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Ecclesia (Sparta)

The ecclesia or ekklesia (Greek: ἐκκλησία) was the citizens' assembly in the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. Unlike its more famous counterpart in Athens, the Spartan assembly had limited powers, as it did not debate; citizens could only vote for or against proposals.

In the pre-War literature, the assembly was often called the apella (Ἀπέλλα), but this word refers to a festival of Apollo, the Apellai, during which the ekklesia originally met.

Name
The pre-War academic literature often refers to the Spartan ekklesia as the apella. However, this word is never found in ancient sources in the singular, and never in a political context. The Apellai were a festival of Apollo where the ekklesia originally met. They were organised once a month, with perhaps one more important feast once a year (called Apellaios), during which elections were presumably organised. In later times, the two events (religious and political) were possibly split. Ancient sources use instead the word ecclesia to designate the political assembly of the Spartans, like in any other Greek city-state. The most important mention comes from Thucydides, who reproduces a verbatim sentence of a decree between Sparta and Argos concluded in 418 or 417, which uses "ecclesia" for the Spartan assembly. The confusion arose from the Rhetra cited by Plutarch, mentioning apellazein, which Plutarch tells it means "to assemble the people", but only in reference to Apollo, the god at the origins of the Rhetra.

Structure
The meetings had in all probability taken place originally in the Agora but were later transferred to the neighbouring building, known as the Skias. According to Plutarch, a Great Rhetra was given by Pythia to Lycurgus. The old aristocratic council was substituted by the gerousia (thirty elders, including the two kings). Meetings of the ekklesia should take place from time to time, and citizens should have the power to debate and take decisions. That right of the citizens was very soon limited. Kings Theopompus and Polydorus, probably during the 7th century BC, added to the "rhetra" that the kings and the elders (gerousia) could set aside any "crooked" decision of the people.

The presiding officers were at first the kings but in historical times the ephors, and the voting was conducted by assessing the loudness of shouting in the crowd. If the president was doubtful as to the majority of voices, a division was taken, and the votes were counted. The ekklesia simply accepted or rejected the proposals submitted to it. In later times, too, the actual debate was almost, if not wholly, confined to the kings, elders, ephors and perhaps the other magistrates. The apella voted on peace and war, treaties and foreign policy in general. It decided the king who should conduct a campaign and settled questions of disputed succession to the throne. It elected elders, ephors and other magistrates, emancipated helots and perhaps voted on legal proposals.

There is a single reference to a "small assembly" (ἡ μικρὰ καλουμένη ἐκκλησία) at Sparta, but nothing is known as to its nature or competence.

The ekklesia was responsible for electing men to the gerousia for life. Candidates were selected from the aristocrats and presented before the apella. The candidate who received the loudest applause became a member of the gerousia.

The ekklesia also elected the five ephors annually. Ephors presided over meetings of the gerousia and the apella. They could not run for re-election.

The ephorate presented motions before the ekklesia. The ekklesia then voted on the motions. However, unlike the ecclesia in Athens, the ekklesia did not debate; it merely approved or disapproved of measures. Moreover, the gerousia always had the power to veto the decision of the ekklesia.

Ancient sources

 * Plutarch, Parallel Lives (Lycurgus).
 * Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War (translation by Richard Crawley on Wikisource).

Modern sources

 * G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War, London, Duckworth, 1972. ISBN 0-7156-0640-9

title: Ecclesia (Sparta)


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Mangaia

Mangaia (traditionally known as A'ua'u Enua, which means terraced) is the most southerly of the Cook Islands and the second largest, after Rarotonga. It is a roughly circular island, with an area of 51.8 km2, 203 km from Rarotonga. Originally heavily populated, Mangaia's population has dropped by 75% in the last 50 years, mainly due to the decline of the pineapple industry in the 1980s and a subsequent economic crisis in 1996.

Geography
Originally known as A'ua'u or A'ua'u Enua ("terraced"), the island was named Mangaia (or Mangaianui-Neneva, "Mangaia monstrously-great") by Tamaeu, who came to the island from Aitutaki in 1775.

Geologists estimate the island is at least 18 million years old. It rises 4,750 m (15,600 ft) above the ocean floor and has a land area of 51.8 km2. Surrounded by a fringing coral reef, like many of the southern Cook Islands, it is surrounded by a high ring of cliffs of fossil coral 60 m (200 ft) high, known as the makatea. The inner rim of the makatea forms a steep cliff, surrounding swamps and a central volcanic plateau. The interior of the island is drained by underground channels passing through the makatea, leading to extensive networks of caves which have been used historically as refuges and for burials.

The highest point is Rangi-motia, 169 m above sea level, near the centre of the island. Lake Tiriara is a body of fresh water in the south.

History
Excavation of the Tangatatau Rockshelter shows that Mangaia was first settled around 1000 CE. According to oral tradition, the island was not discovered, but emerged from the underworld of Avaiki already populated. It was later further settled from Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Atiu, Tonga and Tahiti. Adze heads and basalt tools show that trading contact was maintained with Rarotonga, Samoa, and Raiatea in the Society Islands. While sweet potato was likely grown as a crop earlier in the Pacific, the archaeological site at the Tangatatau Rockshelter is currently the earliest recorded location showing sweet potato cultivation in Polynesia. Initially settlement was focused on the coastal villages, but by the 16th century it had shifted inland and inter-island trade had virtually disappeared. Oral histories of this era are of chiefs competing for land and status.

The island was first discovered by Europeans on 29 March 1777 with the arrival of Captain James Cook. It was visited by two more ships, one of which was possibly HMS Bounty, before the arrival of John Williams of the London Missionary Society in 1823. Williams was unable to land, but in 1824 he returned and left behind two preachers from Taha'a, who began to convert the islands to Christianity.

Before the arrival of the missionaries, Mangaian society was characterised by a violent struggle between war-leaders competing for the title of mangaia (supreme temporal power), with Ariki serving as priests rather than hereditary chiefs. The last mangaia, Pangemiro, died shortly after the missionaries' arrival, and the abolition of war under Christianity effectively froze the power structure and the division of land and titles in the state they had been in 1823. The Numangatini Ariki became dominant, with the title alternating between two branches of the family.

In 1888 Mangaia became a British protectorate as part of the Cook Islands Federation. In 1901 it was annexed by New Zealand. Post-annexation the island exported citrus, bananas and coffee to New Zealand, but exports ceased during the First World War. In 1946 pineapple growing was introduced and in the 1960s and 1970s Mangaia had a thriving export industry. The collapse of this industry in the 1980s and a subsequent economic crisis in 1996 has led to the island's gradual depopulation.

Mangaia was severely damaged by Cyclone Trina in December 2001. The slow-moving cyclone delivered eight days of heavy rain, resulting in the worst flooding in 50 years. Parts of the island were inundated with up to 2 m of water, and 95% of the taro crop and 60% of the livestock were destroyed. The resulting food shortage saw the IFRC distribute food to all of the island's residents.

Due to the severity of damage caused by Trina, its name was later retired.

Demographics and settlement
Mangaia is divided into six districts (Puna): Tamarua, Veitatei, Kei'a, Tava'enga, Karanga, and Ivirua. The districts are very nearly sectors meeting at the highest point near the center of the island, Rangi-motia. The districts are, as on some other islands of the Southern Cook Islands, further subdivided into 38 traditional sub-districts called Tapere. In the Cook Islands constitution, however, the six districts are listed as Tapere.

The capital is the village of Oneroa, on the west coast, containing about half the population. Oneroa is in fact a contiguous village area that consists of three villages: Tavaʻenga, Kaumata and Temakatea. All of Oneroa is located within Keiʻa District, including its northernmost village Tavaʻenga, which is not in Tavaʻenga district as one might assume by the name. There are three more villages, Tamarua in the south and Ivirua and Karanga in the northeast.

Mangaia's population was estimated at two to three thousand by John Williams in 1823. Despite an epidemic following European contact, and again in 1844, by 1846 its population had risen to 3,567. Emigration and disease had reduced the population to 2,237 in 1867, and 1,700 in 1892. In the twentieth century its population grew, peaking at 2002 in 1,966. The decline of the pineapple industry and subsequent economic collapse has led to further emigration and caused the population to drop by 75% from its peak, to 499 in 2016.

Culture
Unlike other islands of the Southern Cook Islands, Mangaia has retained its traditional collective land tenure system. Land use is decided by each district's kavana, independently of the Land Court. It has also retained its own dialect of Cook Islands Māori, reo Mangaia.

One anthropologist, Donald Marshall, described Mangain residents as "the most sexually active culture on record" prior to European contact, with men "[spending] their late teens and 20s having an average of 21 orgasms a week (more than 1,000 times a year)."

Economy
Mangaia's economy is heavily government-supported, with 50% of the workforce employed by the public-sector. Historically, its economy was based around agricultural production, which benefited from privileged access to the New Zealand market. The removal of this access combined with shipping interruptions destroyed the industry. Subsequent depopulation has left the island lacking in basic services, with no doctor or dentist. Current exports include eis necklaces made from the shells of the pupu snail.

Mangaia is connected to the rest of the Cook Islands by Mangaia Airport.

Previously powered by diesel generators, since 2018 it has been powered by a solar-battery power station.

Flora
The flora of Mangaia can be divided into five ecological zones. The pa tai, or coast, is dominated by coconuts, Pandanus tectorius, Barringtonia asiatica, and other scrub plants. The Rautuitui, or upland makatea, is native forest, dominated by indigenous species such as Elaeocarpus tonganus, Hernandia moerenhoutiana, and Guettarda speciosa, with coconuts, candlenuts, and Morinda citrifolia in areas near villages and tracks. The harsher parts of the makatea are covered in scrub, including pandanus and the endemic Geniostoma sykesii. The Puna (swampy lowlands) contain the island's most fertile soils, and are dominated by introduced and cultivate species such as taro, coconut, and Hibiscus tiliaceus. The Rautuanue (slopes) and maunga (mountain) are heavily modified, and covered in pineapple, coconut, scrub, ferns, and grass.

Fauna
The arrival of humans caused the extinction of local wildlife. Surviving land-based species include the insular flying fox, Pacific reef heron, Pacific black duck, spotless crake, mewing kingfisher, Cook reed warbler, as well as 12 species of seabirds. Introduced species include the red junglefowl, Polynesian rat, Oceania gecko and mourning gecko.

Birds described from subfossil remains that became extinct as a consequence of human settlement of the island and the introduction of exotic mammals include the Mangaia rail (Gallirallus ripleyi) and the Mangaia crake (Porzana rua).

The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mangaia


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Talk:Small GTPase

Building up
Hi folks, I'll start to build this article up.... I'll add a section about regulators, as well as sections about the various families, since much more is known now about all of them.

Inhuman section
I moved the following section here, because I think it needs substantial transformation into prose, or at least harmonization with the equivalent but more organized list already in Ras superfamily. Mikael Häggström (talk) 11:13, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Human proteins containing Ras domain
ARHE;     ARHGAP5;   CDC42;     DIRAS1;    DIRAS2;    DIRAS3;    ERAS;      GEM; GRLF1;    HRAS;      KRAS;      LOC393004; MRAS;      NKIRAS1;   NRAS;      RAB10; RAB11A;   RAB11B;    RAB12;     RAB13;     RAB14;     RAB15;     RAB17;     RAB18; RAB19;    RAB1A;     RAB1B;     RAB2;      RAB20;     RAB21;     RAB22A;    RAB23; RAB24;    RAB25;     RAB26;     RAB27A;    RAB27B;    RAB28;     RAB2B;     RAB30; RAB31;    RAB32;     RAB33A;    RAB33B;    RAB34;     RAB35;     RAB36;     RAB37; RAB38;    RAB39;     RAB39B;    RAB3A;     RAB3B;     RAB3C;     RAB3D;     RAB40A; RAB40AL;  RAB40B;    RAB40C;    RAB41;     RAB42;     RAB43;     RAB4A;     RAB4B; RAB5A;    RAB5B;     RAB5C;     RAB6A;     RAB6B;     RAB6C;     RAB7A;     RAB7B; RAB7L1;   RAB8A;     RAB8B;     RAB9;      RAB9B;     RABL2A;    RABL2B;    RABL4; RAC1;     RAC2;      RAC3;      RALA;      RALB;      RAN;       RANP1;     RAP1A; RAP1B;    RAP2A;     RAP2B;     RAP2C;     RASD1;     RASD2;     RASEF;     RASL11A; RASL12;   RBJ;       REM1;      REM2;      RERG;      RHEB;      RHEBL1;    RHOA; RHOB;     RHOBTB1;   RHOBTB2;   RHOC;      RHOD;      RHOF;      RHOG;      RHOH; RHOJ;     RHOQ;      RHOU;      RHOV;      RIT1;      RIT2;      RND1;      RND2; RND3;     RRAD;      RRAS;      RRAS2;

title: Talk:Small GTPase


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The Time Warrior

The Time Warrior is the first serial of the 11th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 15 December 1973 to 5 January 1974. The serial introduced Elisabeth Sladen as new companion Sarah Jane Smith. It also marked the debut of the Sontaran race. The serial also introduces the name of the Doctor's home planet, Gallifrey.

In the serial, the Sontaran Commander Linx (Kevin Lindsay) crash-lands his spaceship in medieval England. He agrees to give futuristic weaponry to the warrior Irongron (David Daker) and his men, in exchange for Linx being given shelter to perform repairs on the damaged spaceship.

Plot
In the Middle Ages, the bandit Irongron and his aide Bloodaxe, together with their rabble of criminals, find the crashed spaceship of a Sontaran warrior named Linx. The alien claims Earth for his Empire, then sets about repairing his ship, offering Irongron “magic weapons” that will make him a king in return for shelter. Linx sends himself forward to the 20th century and kidnaps scientists from a top secret scientific research complex, then hypnotises them into making repairs on his ship.

The Third Doctor and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart are investigating the disappearance of the scientists. The Doctor meets an eccentric scientist called Rubeish and journalist Sarah Jane Smith. Later that evening Rubeish disappears and the Doctor uses the data he has gathered to pilot the TARDIS back to the Middle Ages, not realising that Sarah has stowed away on board.

Sarah is captured and brought before Irongron, along with an archer, Hal, who has been sent to kill Irongron. The Doctor sets Hal and Sarah free and they head for Wessex Castle.

The next morning Irongron and his troops assault the castle using rifles supplied by Linx, but the attack is repelled by the Doctor's cunning. The failure further sours the relationship between Linx and Irongron.

The Doctor decides to lead an attack on Irongron's castle. He makes contact with Rubeish and finds the human scientists in a state of extreme exhaustion. Linx catches the Doctor in the laboratory once more, but this time is rendered immobile when a lucky strike from Rubeish hits his probic vent – a Sontaran refuelling point on the back of their necks which is also their main weakness. Rubeish and the Doctor send the scientists back to the 20th century. Sarah now invites herself into Irongron's kitchen, using the opportunity to drug the food, thereby knocking out Irongron's men.

Linx determines his ship is repaired enough to effect a departure. A crazed and half drugged Irongron arrives and accuses Linx of betraying him; the Sontaran responds by killing him and is in turn shot by Hal. Linx falls dead over his controls, triggering the launch mechanism. Knowing the place is about to explode when the shuttle takes off, Hal awakes Bloodaxe, who rouses the remaining men and tells them to flee, while the Doctor hurries the last of his allies out of the castle. It explodes moments before the Doctor and Sarah depart in the TARDIS.

Production
Working titles for this story included The Time Fugitive and The Time Survivor. The original outline for the serial was humorously submitted to the production office in the form of a "Field report from Sontaran Field Marshal Hol Mes, to Terran Cedicks".

Location shooting of both Wessex Castle and Irongron's castle was done at Peckforton Castle, in Cheshire, utilising different views.

The serial also stars Kevin Lindsay as Commander Linx. Lindsay reappeared as Cho-je in Jon Pertwee's last episode, Planet of the Spiders, and again as two Sontarans in Tom Baker's third story The Sontaran Experiment.

The story introduces a new opening sequence that includes a slit-scan "time tunnel" effect. It also introduces a new, diamond-shaped logo. These remained in use until 1980. This is the first story in the series history to refer to each segment as a 'Part' rather than 'Episode'. This remained until the end of the classic series with the exception of Destiny of the Daleks.

Broadcast and reception
The BBC Audience Research Report taken for the fourth episode was positive, particularly the climax. However, there was a minority that felt it was too far-fetched or slapstick.

In The Discontinuity Guide (1995), Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote that the story was "a rather wonderful romp" and "one of Robert Holmes' funniest". David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker in The Television Companion (1998) gave a mixed review, stating that it was "enjoyable", especially in its dialogue and characters, but "lacks the sort of impact ideally needed to launch a new run of adventures". They felt that it was "absurd" for scientists to be under custody by UNIT, that the scientists were "clichéd and unbelievable", and the setting had "a lack of convincing period atmosphere". In 2010, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times awarded it four stars out of five, praising the "broad characters and ripe dialogue", but felt the "greatest success" was Linx.

The A.V. Club Christopher Bahn praised the characterisation of Linx and Sarah. DVD Talk's Stuart Galbraith gave The Time Warrior four out of five stars, highlighting the "clever writing" and actor David Daker's performance. In 2009, SFX listed the cliffhanger where Linx removes his helmet as the seventh scariest Doctor Who moment, praising the monster design and idea. In the book Doctor Who: The Episode Guide, Mark Campbell awarded it eight out of ten, concluding the serial was "a clever hybrid of history and science fiction. Linx is a chilling creation and, despite the hammy acting, there are some great moments."

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, was published by Target Books in June 1978.

The Target novelization, Doctor Who and the Time Warrior, features a prologue written by Robert Holmes involving Linx at war with a group of Rutan Fighters. He is given the first name of Jingo. The Sontaran home planet is named Sontara. It also suggests that the Earth had never been surveyed, which would eventually happen in the following Sontaran story The Sontaran Experiment.

Holmes was initially commissioned to novelise his own story, but wrote only the book's prologue, sending it to Dicks with a note telling him to finish the rest himself. Holmes was not credited for his contribution. An unabridged reading of the Target novel was released by BBC audio on CD in February 2009. It is read by Jeremy Bulloch who played Hal the archer in the TV story.

Home media
In 1989, the story was released in an omnibus format on VHS. This version omits a slightly extended scene of Sarah's capture from the beginning of episode two. The Time Warrior was released on region 2 DVD on 3 September 2007, commercially available in its original episodic format for the first time. It was also released as part of the Bred for War DVD boxset along stories The Sontaran Experiment, The Invasion of Time and The Two Doctors. This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in issue 53 on 12 January 2011.

Along with a few other selected serials of the Second and Third Doctor's runs, this serial has been offered for sale on the iTunes Store as of August 2008.

title: The Time Warrior


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Talk:Clitoris/Archive 3

Drawing vs. photo in general
I have previously asked “how should the photography of clitoris look like, so it could not be considered ‘a porn picture’” but from the subsequent comments I might conclude that people who are against this photo are not against this one in particular but rather against any photo in general. Is that the case? Also, are people who are against this drawing similarly against any drawing in general, or only against this one? I hope drawing the distinction might help resolve this dispute and also that is why I have added other photo and other drawing to the poll. Are there people who are against only this photo or this drawing? Or those who would like a photo or drawing if only it was different from the one we have now? Rafał Pocztarski 15:30, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * My two cents: we're trying to illustrate something that's a little elusive and partly internal. In that sense, a well-done drawing can be much more informative than any photo. The photos proposed so far are more suitable for vulva. I'm not too crazy about Cantus's drawing though, as it still shows just a tiny dot of surface detail, with much more attention given to depicting a big, confusingly spread-open vulva. How about two drawings: external view (with more simplified surroundings) and internal/side view. If I find a good example, or have time to draw something, I'll post it.  ←Hob 21:16, 2004 Sep 2 (UTC)

 * It would be great if you could draw the picture yourself and license it for free use, because that would finally end the legal problems we have now. You might take a look at this example: http://www.the-clitoris.com/1r4/anatomy/anatom3.jpg which shows the entire clitoris including the internal not visible parts with a comparison to penis, which is great to illustrate the article on the role and development of clitoris. Such a picture would be an important addition to another one with external view, similar to those we have now, but possibly with better details. Here is a good example of external view: http://www.the-clitoris.com/1r4/anatomy/vulva_1.jpg with some muscles and nerves marked. Here are another examples of good drawings:
 * http://www.the-clitoris.com/1r4/netter/net1.jpg
 * http://www.the-clitoris.com/1r4/netter/net2.jpg
 * and more links:
 * http://www.the-clitoris.com/n_html/n_anatomy.htm
 * http://www.bettydodson.com/subsex41genart.htm
 * http://www.myvag.net/images/
 * But please keep in mind that if you decide to find some existing picture, it needs to be properly licensed or in the public domain. Of course it is perfectly possible (and legal) that the author of a picture with “all rights reserved” will gladly release it under some free license, so asking couldn't hurt. I believe that many people who create websites devoted to sexual education would have nothing against their drawings being available on Wikipedia. If you are drawing your own picture, please save it as PNG instead of JPEG. Thanks. Rafał Pocztarski 06:05, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the links! I'll see what I can do, although I can't make it a high priority.    ←Hob 20:48, 2004 Sep 3 (UTC)

 * No problem. Take your time. Having seen your website I am more than sure that you could draw something really good. Thanks. Rafał Pocztarski 23:31, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * This is what I'm talking about! These pictures are MUCH MUCH MUCH more informative than a pornographic picture lifted from the web. These kids just don't get it. They think it's cool and bold to put a real clitoris on display. They think that is more progressive, more advanced thinking. They have no idea what is really necessary on an encyclopedia. Kudos to the person who posted these links, so the unwashed masses can learn something. Ha. --Cantus 04:19, Sep 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, Cantus. Your message in general and the insulting tone clearly mark you out as the mature one in this debate. --[[User:Bodnotbod| bodnotbod  »  .....TALK Q uietly  )  ]] 19:17, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)

Protection
Clitoris is “protected from editing until disputes have been resolved on the discussion page.” What exactly needs to be done for the dispute to be considered resolved? Rafał Pocztarski 17:04, 1 Sep 2004

 * Stability on the picture. It was protected because Cantus has decided the picture is pornographic and insists on revert-warring over it - see the article history - David Gerard 19:50, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I know the history and what was the problem. I was asking what has to be done so we could consider the problem resolved. Do we need explicit agreement of everyone involved with the recent reversions before the article can be unprotected? In any case, I have prepared other versions of the photo hopefully addressing some of the concerns. Rafał Pocztarski 20:18, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The only one now fussing is Cantus, who has incidentally just been blocked for this bit of edit-warring (it's in violation of the arbitration committee decision about him) - David Gerard 22:17, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Wrong. Guanaco illegally blocked me because he thought I had violated that rule. Turns out I hadn't violated anything. It took a posting to the Village Pump for him to undo the block. Guanaco is currently RfC'd over this. --Cantus 02:31, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

I can't even look at this page during the day because the screen is visible to people outside. I will have to wait till it's dark enough to comment here. --Cantus 21:16, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Then stop looking at clitorises at work. "Don't do that then." - David Gerard 22:17, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Um, and sorry to break it to you Cantus but your screen will be even more visible in the dark. Indeed, if your plan is to wait in your office until nightfall, no light falling on you other than the glow of several pictures of clitoruses, I feel bound to tell you this is a strategy fraught with downsides.

 * You may, of course, get away with it. But I would avoid sitting there and struggling to get anything out of your trouser pockets whilst remaining seated, or rummaging in a bag placed between your feet.  I'm too embarrassed to tell you why, so you'll just have to trust me. --[[User:Bodnotbod| bodnotbod  »  .....TALK Q uietly  )  ]] 23:56, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

"Dark enough" to close the curtains and use artificial lighting. D'oh! --Cantus 02:35, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is so juvenile. If you come to a page entitled 'clitoris', and are shocked by being shown a picture of an actual clitoris, then, well... "Don't do that then"! There is enough confusion about exactly what and where to justify both the diagram and the photo - there is legitimate reason to think that people coming here might want explicit help in finding it. 213.206.33.82 06:38, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I have to say I'm in favor of using the photograph. I can remember not all that long ago being quite confused about exactly where and what and I agree drawings just don't quite get it across as well. –Floorsheim 07:55, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The argument isn't over whether to have a photograph, but whether to display it inline in the page, rather than linking to it. In either case the photograph is available for those who want it, there's just a dispute over whether everyone reading the page ought to see it.  I'd personally prefer a link, along with other similar "informative but may be shocking" images, such as one on anus (which doesn't yet exist). --Delirium 07:04, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * You're the first one to read the argument that way. I am sure Cantus will agree with you, but I haven't seen anyone else making such a request.--Dittaeva 22:10, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Protection 2
The page has been protected again to prevent repeated unilateral removal of the photo. Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 23:58, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Putting this page into protection, with the photo in question still on the page, is tantamount to the admins who did so being in agreement that all of Wikipedia should be listed on sites that are pornographic and inappropriate for children. Is this the message we want to sent to the world?  KeyStroke 21:20, 2004 Oct 10 (UTC)

Protection 2
Could someone here please explain to me why they put this disgusting picture on a supposedly legitimate encyclopedia? Does anyone that children go on this site? They don’t have the see smut like that. I am blessed with two daughters, and I don’t let them on this website because it contains pictures of a woman’s private parts.--198 23:55, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Is it appropriate to ask - why were you looking at the clitoris article in the first place? -- Netoholic @ 01:15, 2004 Oct 2 (UTC)

Half the children vising this site have a clitoris. I too am blessed with two daughters. Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 23:58, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Good, I have no problem with the Scientific Drawing it's the ugly smut picture of that private part that I do have a problem with. --198 00:08, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you read the rest of this page, you will see that only cantus agrees with your stance at the moment. Most people seem to think that the photo should stay until we get a better one or a high quality scientific drawing. Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 00:12, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * What about Cantus' picture?--198 00:22, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It's not high quality enough. A picture would have to be very good, very well drawn and clearly labelled to be more informative than a photo to get my vote. Plus Cantus still hasn't said anything about the copyright status. (I'm off to bed now, see you tomorrow) Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 00:32, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not; it's pretty. You should look at the derivation of "disgusting" or "blessed" to see you wouldn't want to use those terms in this context.lysdexia 07:01, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Why is this picture disgusting? It is entirely unhealthy to teach children that naked bodies are disgusting and smutty. Of course it is important to keep nudity and sexual organs in their appropriate context, but an excyclopedia article about sex organs? That seems like appropriate context to me. I respect your right to restrict what your children see, but not you assertion that you should be allowed to control what other people's children see. The Recycling Troll 00:41, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with The Recycling Troll, (though I am wary of his user name). If I ever have children, I don't intend to allow them to grow up ignorant of the human body... that's how teenage pregnacy occurs, through lack of knowledge. My only possible problem with the images I see on the page right now is the woman's hand in close proximity, which would no doubt suggest masterbation to those whacky right-wing christian groups who always seem to find smut no matter where they look. I did a google search, and came across a drawing that might be less controversial, (but I don't know anything about all of the copyright rules): http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/pictures/vagina.gif. P.S. Why is user 198 worried about his daughters seeing female "private parts"? Are there no mirrors in his home? Do his daughters not have the ability to look down? What is the actual issue here? func(talk) 14:34, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not keeping my children ignorant I want them to learn about their bodies, however that picture is very questionable.--198 02:33, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll go further: I don't respect anyone's "right" to restrict what "his" children see. Why should children be subjected to the capricious whims of the adults to whose care they happen to be assigned by society? Shorne 02:58, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Concurrence. No being has the right to restrict the free will of another to make an informed choice on what one can view, read or see, irrespective of whether or not they happen to be one's ancestor or not. Also, to user func on his above comment, teenage pregnancy is due to having sex before the age of 20, not due to lack of knowledge. Most mothers under 20 are quite well enough educated and knew exactly what they were doing. Perhaps you assume that they didn't want to be a mother? That all such pregnancies are accidental and unwanted? Perhaps also you're forgetting that for the entirety of the 4 million years since anatomically modern humans started walking around, bar the last few hundred or so in western societies, puberty (at age 12-14 or so) has marked the passage of a girl into womanhood, from which point on she is expected to be sexually active and bear children, but that's a whole different matter. Nicholas

 * Parents have a right to bring up their children in the way they see fit, as long as that way is subordinate to the laws of the land. This is a matter of TRUST.  It is untrustworthy of an encyclopedia to include photographs of actual sexual organs in an encyclopedia unless this site (Wikipedia) is intended only for adults.  Parents need to be able to assume that whatever a 12 or 13 yr old boy finds on Wikipedia will be appropriate for the moral values they are teaching their child.  We violate that trust by allowing such photographs to be included.  The result will be that Wikipedia will become banned by schools, parents, and software meant to exclude porn from children.  Wikipedia is too valuable a resource to children to allow it to become banned to children over a handful of photographs.  Lets restore the trustworthiness of the site and remove all photographs that would be sexually provocative and stimulating, before the filtering software does it for us.  KeyStroke 21:15, 2004 Oct 10 (UTC)

 * Um... to the anon above and to Nicholas... no. I wouldn't go so far as to suggest that there are no images or unpleasentries or complicated aspects of life that children should be protected from. If the picture in question was actual smut, in the sense of a gratuatious sex act, then I would object to it. With regard to Nicholas's comments on teenage pregnacy: what exactly are you advocating here? High school age mothers do not know what they are doing. If they did, they wouldn't be having children that they can't afford to take care of, that they can't help to teach, (because they haven't even finished their own schooling), etc. Find me a 30 year old woman who had a child in high school who claims that she was doing the right thing, then we'll talk. Wow, way off topic. func(talk) 02:41, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The material was not anonymous; I wrote it. The attribution was hidden when Nicholas inserted his paragraph in the middle.
 * The picture in question is entirely appropriate for an encyclopædia article on the clitoris. I continue to see nothing "vulgar" about it. People who wish to improve upon it are most welcome to post a different photo.
 * It is patronising and insulting to assert—in bold type, no less—that women in their mid-teens do not know what they are doing. That may be the case for many, but it certainly is not the case for all. The fact that some women later come to regret having had children at a young age is hardly relevant. How about someone who got married at age 40 and later got divorced: did that person not know what she was doing? By that standard, we'll pass our entire lives in a state of immaturity.
 * And, yes, this is now 'way the hell off topic. Shorne 02:58, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see anything "vulgar" about the current picture. As for the possibility that having a hand near the female genitalia just might suggest masturbation to the pruriently inclined, it hardly deserves comment. What would be better: a clinical tool? Shorne 19:49, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Creating A New Image
The image currently used is on dubious legal grounds, has many detractors due to it's original 'porn'-like appearance, does not show the clitoris clearly and is of low resolution when magnified in the later versions. I propose a new image be created specifically for Wikipedia which negates all of the above. Sadly it cannot help those who insist any photo is inappropriate, but reading the entire discussion over several pages, it appears this group has been out-voted. (Poll on whether new image would be beneficial removed per 'too premature' comment by David Gerard) Nicholas

 * Well you can't have a poll for this sort of thing. Why would you need one? It's pretty clear that everyone would vote yes anyway. The point is, we have no other image at the moment, and we cannot force someone to create a new image! Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 05:20, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * its original lysdexia 07:01, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The fact remains, however, that regardless of whether or not we have another image, the use of the present image is of questionable legality, as it shows a clitoris whose owner may or may not approve of this use of her clitoris, and was taken by a photographer who may or may not approve of this use of his or her photograph. We would do well to remove this image, and then discuss (a) what the copyright status of the drawing is; (b) whether the drawing is better than no image; then (c) if and when another image may arise, whether it is better than the drawing. Shimmin 14:59, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

British Humor?
Did you see how your page looks in logs ? 14:37, 2004 Oct 11 (hist) Clitoris (removed protection) (top) 14:13, 2004 Oct 11 (hist) m Wikipedia:Protection log (unprotected Clitoris: It's been pointed out on the talk page that since I have strong views on the matter I shouldn't have protected it. I'm unprotecting it for this reason. ) (top) Quite frankly, our colleague's action notwithstanding, I don't think wikipedians would appreciate this gem in the antology of British Humor - irismeister 16:05, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)

 * I don't know what you find so funny about that. Oh btw it's spelled anthology. (Since you follow me around attacking my  mispellings, you really should make sure your own are perfect) Theresa Knott  (The torn steak) 21:58, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It's rather infantile, really... "Clitoris, removed protection"...  I'm American and I get it.  Pakaran. 03:05, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh I didn't read the first line. Theresa Knott (The torn steak)

Now, why didn't that solution work for everyone?
I think people are putting the porn pic back just to keep the controversy going. I really think the solution I offered should have been sufficient. KeyStroke 02:54, 2004 Oct 12 (UTC)

Lets be honest with ourselves, shall we? The only reason for consistantly putting the same photo back (and refusing to accept any compromise, such as the one I provided) is to simply "push the envelope" on what is accepted, morally. The photo doesn't add anything more than the (detailed) anatomical drawng I had linked to. The photo is being added back because it is pornography, and there is a desire to push people of moral character out of Wikipedia, and to claim this "ground" for an amoral humanistic populace.

And.... to be honest.... it is working. I notice that 198 hasn't returned to these discussions (nor to editing the page), most likely because of leaving Wikipedia for good, in disgust. I, too, have considered leaving in disgust. Is this the culture we wish to promote? That the few in number get trampled on? That those without moral standrds drive out those with them?

I have considered leaving, not looking back, but I think I owe it to other people of morals that will come here to see the process through. To see if the process works, and to see if the judgements are fair.

If it were any other conflict (other than sexual) then those who have taken a unilateral position, unwilling to achieve a compromise, would have been seen for that and would have been repremanded for their actions as being vandalism. Yet, I, and others of moral character, have offered compromise, and alternatives, yet it is the position that is unwilling to compormise, the unilateral position, that is upheld by the admins, not the position of those (like myself) who are trying to work within the system and offering compromise.

Let me repeat: If it were any other issue those who unilateraly keep putting the same image back, and ignoring offers of compromise, would have been considerd vandals. KeyStroke 01:09, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC)
 * A compromise should generally not be offered in a manner you did (i.e., by inserting a link with a warning to a new image), especially when a subject turns out to be as controversial as this one seems to be. While your solution might be acceptable, it still goes against the established consensus.  The proper way to offer a compromise in this case would be opening of (yet another) survey describing your proposition.  The solution you offered was not covered by previous surveys, so a whole new survey should be started.  If your solution is accepted by the community, fine.  If not, you are expected to comply with the majority (if you are unable to comply and would prefer to leave Wikipedia, this, while regrettable, will be your decision).--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 16:46, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, just to clarify—Schneelocke protected the article not because he was unwilling to compromise, but because policies dictate protecting the most recent version that was established before the revert wars had started (a so-called wrong version). Your accusations of vandalism are thus ungrounded.--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 16:54, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe User:KeyStroke should not state things like That those without moral standrds drive out those with them and Yet, I, and others of moral character, have offered compromise. Such statements are highly POV and likely to incite hostilities. Remember that everyone here has moral standards, which are neither higher nor lower than one's own, just different, and that tolerance and compromise be the bywords to which one should adhere. Nicholas 21:34, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clitoris/Archive 3


text:
User talk:Vulkan~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 22:20, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Thank you very much.My english is not very well, sorry. Vulkan 22:24, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Seute deern figurehead.JPG
Thanks for uploading File:Seute deern figurehead.JPG. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. IngerAlHaosului (talk) 08:11, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vulkan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vulkan~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:21, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vulkan~enwiki


text: Category:Rockland County, New York

title: Category:Rockland County, New York


text:
Logistic model

Logistic model may refer to:
 * Logistic function – a continuous sigmoidal curve
 * Logistic map – a discrete version, which exhibits chaotic behavior
 * Logistic regression

title: Logistic model


text:
Softbill

The term softbill is non-scientific term that has been used in aviculture for numerous years to describe a diverse range of bird species based upon their dietary habits. It has no fixed taxonomic meaning and can be misleading, as many species that fall into the category do not have a soft bill at all. Softbills are also referred to as such in aviculture to differentiate them from another commonly-kept group of birds, the hookbills - i.e. the parrots.

The proper use of the term is in reference to the ‘soft food’ diets which typically fall into the following six categories:

 * Carnivorous – those who feed on small mammals, birds or other vertebrates (e.g. kingfishers, rollers)
 * Insectivorous – those who feed on insects and other invertebrates (e.g. bee-eaters, flycatchers)
 * Omnivorous – those who feed on both animal and plant material (e.g. Corvids, hornbills)
 * Frugivorous – those who feed on fruit (e.g. turacos, fruit doves)
 * Nectarivorous – those who feed on flower nectar (e.g. hummingbirds, sunbirds)
 * Folivorous – those who feed on leaves, petals and other plant material (turacos, mousebirds)

This sixth diet type is usually in association with one of the above, as very few birds are solely folivorous. Several species of Galliformes are folivores, however they are not considered to be softbills.

A more recent definition by Clive Roots is, “Cage and aviary birds with relatively soft bills, which feed upon insects* and soft plant material and whose young are helpless at birth”.

- including other larger animal prey

This latter definition does discriminate against a few species, however as can be seen, the definition is very subjective and can encompass numerous species not generally included in the group.

title: Softbill


text:
The Sontaran Experiment

The Sontaran Experiment is the third serial of the 12th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast on BBC1 on 22 February and 1 March 1975.

The serial is set on Earth more than 10,000 years in the future, immediately after the events of The Ark in Space. In the serial, the Sontaran Field Major Styre (Kevin Lindsay) performs experiments on humans he trapped there as part of the Sontarans' invasion stratagem.

Plot
Following on from The Ark in Space, the Fourth Doctor, Sarah Jane Smith, and Harry Sullivan teleport down from the Nerva space station to Earth, ostensibly uninhabited. However, the system is not functioning well, and the Doctor begins repairing it. The other two explore the surrounding area, but Harry falls down a crevasse and Sarah goes to seek the Doctor's help. He is nowhere in sight.

Roth, an astronaut, finds Sarah. He is obviously distressed, and explains that he has been tortured by an alien that lives in the rocks, together with its patrolling robot. He takes Sarah towards the astronauts' campsite, but refuses to approach it, suspecting the astronaut Vural of collusion with the alien.

Three of the astronauts have captured the Doctor. They believe Nerva to be a legend, and tell him in turn that they had picked up a distress signal from Earth. They came to investigate, but their ship was vapourised when they emerged, leaving nine of them stranded. Then they began to vanish one by one. They blame the Doctor for this. Roth appears and the astronauts chase him, while Sarah frees the Doctor. Roth loses the others and meets up with Sarah and the Doctor. The Doctor also falls down a crevasse, and the robot returns, capturing Roth and Sarah and bringing them to the alien's spacecraft. The alien is Field Major Styre of the Sontaran G3 Military Assessment Survey, who has been experimenting on, and killing, the astronauts. Roth tries to escape but is shot dead by Styre.

Styre reports back to his Marshal via a video link. The Marshal is impatient for the intelligence report (without which an invasion of Earth cannot take place), but Styre admits that he has been delayed in his experiments.

Styre subjects Sarah to a series of terrifying hallucinations. The Doctor, free from the hole, has reached her and rips off a hallucinogenic device from her forehead, but she falls unconscious. The Doctor, enraged, attacks Styre, but the Sontaran easily fends him off. Styre shoots him unconscious (believing it to be fatal) when he runs away.

The robot, having captured the three remaining spacemen, brings them to Styre's ship, where it is revealed that Vural had tried to make a deal with Styre in exchange for his own life. However, Styre intends to experiment on Vural anyway. The Doctor recovers, disables the robot, and meets Sarah and Harry. He confronts Styre, goading him into a hand-to-hand combat. While they fight, Sarah and Harry free the astronauts, and then Harry climbs towards Styre's ship to sabotage it. Styre almost wins the fight, but Vural attacks him, saving the Doctor at the cost of his own life. Styre, now low on energy, heads back towards his ship to recharge, but the sabotage causes it to kill him.

The Doctor informs the Marshal that not only has Styre's mission failed, but that the invasion plans are in human hands. This is enough to ward off the invasion, and the three can return to Nerva, or so they think.

Production
Working titles for this story included The Destructors. These two episodes were initially part of a six-episode arc, but Philip Hinchcliffe made the decision to split the arc into the four-part Ark in Space and this two-part story, sharing the same director and budget. To save money, Hinchcliffe decided that Ark would be entirely recorded in the studio and this story would be entirely recorded on location. He also settled on the Sontarans because they could re-use the Sontaran costume from The Time Warrior and therefore save the expense of designing a new alien. This was the first two-part serial to be broadcast since 1965's The Rescue and the last until 1982's Black Orchid.

Although the serial was the third to feature Baker, it was actually the second shot, hence the out-of-sequence production code. This was only the second serial in the history of Doctor Who (the first being 1970's Spearhead from Space) to be shot entirely on location, in this case at Hound Tor on Dartmoor. However, unlike Spearhead from Space and the location material for other serials, the production was mounted entirely on videotape using early portable video equipment, rather than on the usual 16mm film. This use of location video was remarkable for the time, but technical problems are evident in the final programmes. This was also the first and only Doctor Who story where there were no interior scenes at all. During shooting, Baker broke his collarbone. However, because part of his costume was a large scarf, he could conceal the neck brace he had to wear following the injury. For action scenes, he was doubled by regular stunt performer Terry Walsh, shot from several face-concealing angles. The recording of both episodes was completed in a week.

Cast notes
Glyn Jones, who played the astronaut Krans, wrote the First Doctor serial The Space Museum (1965); he was the only person both to act and write for Doctor Who during its original 1963-89 run. The Sontaran Experiment contains the last major role played by Kevin Lindsay before his death in 1975 of a heart condition. He found the heavy Sontaran costume so difficult to manage that he could not leave the Hound Tor location for breaks, and also could not perform the fight scene – a stand-in, Stuart Fell, was used instead. Terry Walsh not only played a minor role as an astronaut, but doubled for Tom Baker in parts of episode two, after Baker broke a collarbone during filming. This meant that the climactic fight was performed by two stand-ins rather than the original actors. Most of the actors playing the GalSec astronauts were South African. This was specified in the casting, as the writers, Bob Baker and Dave Martin, were interested in language change and reasoned that the multi-linguistic influences on South African English might resemble future developments of the English language.

Broadcast and reception
The two episodes were combined into a single 50 minute omnibus broadcast on BBC1 at 6:25 pm on 9 July 1976 and was seen by 8.2 million viewers. The story received criticism from Mary Whitehouse (of the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association) for its depiction of "helpless adults in a state of terror".

Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote in The Discontinuity Guide (1995) that the serial "succeeds despite its obvious limitations". They praised the look of the all-video location recording, but commented that "neither the robot nor the deflection of the Marshal's invasion plans are wholly convincing". In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker said that the premise of a Sontaran surveying humans before conquering the Earth was "silly", but they praised the "atmosphere and imagery" achieved with tension, location filming, and direction. In 2010, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times described The Sontaran Experiment as "short, taut and sadistic" and wrote that "impetus and panache prevail over problems with plot logic". DVD Talk's Stuart Galbraith gave the serial three and half out of five stars, writing that its "best assets are its appropriately confined telling".

In print
A novelisation of this serial was written by Ian Marter, who appeared in the serial as the Doctor's companion Harry. It was published by Target Books in November 1978. The novelisation differs from the TV version by having the travellers arrive in the TARDIS. The Sontaran plan here does not involve war with the Rutans but a planned conquest in alliance with another clone species.

Home media
The Sontaran Experiment was released on VHS in October 1991 as a double video with Genesis of the Daleks. In October 2006, it was released on DVD on its own or part of the Bred for War box set, along with The Time Warrior, The Invasion of Time and The Two Doctors.

title: The Sontaran Experiment


text: Category:Schenectady County, New York

title: Category:Schenectady County, New York


text:
Nick Massi

Nicholas E. Macioci (September 19, 1927 – December 24, 2000) was an American bass singer, songwriter, and bass guitarist. He is best known for his work as the bassist and bass vocalist for The Four Seasons, for whom he performed under the stage name Nick Massi.

Biography
Born in Newark, New Jersey, Nicholas "Massi" Macioci was first taught to play the bass fiddle by Newark native and musician Anthony Gaeta. As a bass singer, Massi had been playing with several bands before he joined The Four Lovers in 1958, including some groups that featured future Four Lovers and Four Seasons members Frankie Valli and Tommy DeVito. Valli credited Macioci as one of his most influential early mentors in the music business. In October 1959, Macioci, by this point billed as "Nickie Massey," was signed to Brunswick Records as frontman for the Nite-Lites; he recorded one single, the self-composed "Tell Me You Care," which received a positive review in Cashbox but eventually failed to chart.

After Massi rejoined DeVito and Valli (who by this point were joined by keyboardist Bob Gaudio), the group evolved into the Four Seasons. They performed such hits as "Sherry," "Dawn (Go Away)," and "Rag Doll." He was responsible for most of the group's vocal arrangements and wrote at least one song, the doo-wop style ballad "Living Just for You," for the group's Working My Way Back to You album. He took a scientific, "open harmony" approach to his arrangements that differered from the improvisational style of doo-wop groups before him. Massi left the Four Seasons in September 1965, and was replaced temporarily by Charles Calello who, in turn, was replaced by Joe Long.

Massi, Tommy DeVito, Frankie Valli, and Bob Gaudio—the original members of The Four Seasons—were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. Massi was posthumously recognized in 2017 when DeVito, Valli, Gaudio and Joe Long (Massi's successor) were inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

Following his departure from the Four Seasons, he continued to operate Vito-Mass Productions, a production company that primarily focused on local New Jersey musical acts. He had a longstanding desire to front his own group, a factor in his departure from the Four Seasons and a desire that, other than occasional singles on small independent labels, never materialized. Much like his successor Joe Long, Massi had occasional reunions with the band after his departure, most prominently for a stretch in the 1970s.

In 1949, Macioci married Margaret Ann "Margie" Mengel, with whom he had three children, Robert "Bobby" Macioci, Nick Macioci Jr. and Patricia "Patti" Massi-Candeliere. Nick and Margie would remain married until his death. Margie died in 2022.

In his latter years, Macioci, reverting to his birth surname, took up painting as a hobby; his daughter Patti has published many of his paintings online, consisting of a broad variety of styles but most commonly featuring portraits of celebrities and figures associated with his Catholic faith. He was made aware of plans to make Jersey Boys in the earliest stages and gave his approval to go ahead with the product before his death; his family eventually gave its strong support, with his widow describing it as her favorite musical. Valli and Gaudio ensured that the Massi family were paid an equal share of the profits from Jersey Boys as the other three members received; his son Nick Jr. claimed that DeVito used the contract to take a share four times as large as the Massi family received and that while Margie received a royalty (the size of which was in dispute), the children received nothing, which led to tensions when Nick Jr. resorted to scalping and aggressive behavior at Jersey Boys shows in an effort to provide for his daughter.

Massi died of liver cancer on December 24, 2000, allegedly brought on by "alcoholism and other demons," at his home in West Orange, New Jersey. He spent the later years of his life as a recluse; according to Nick Jr., his father was estranged from his mother at the time of his death, living in the basement of their family home in "an igloo" and living off a Social Security pension.

title: Nick Massi


text: File:Bremerhaven.JPG

title: File:Bremerhaven.JPG


text:
Talk:Radio Yerevan joke

Origins
Can someone please supply Radio Erevan jokes that clearly show the origin different from the Russian-speaking? I recalled one joke from the former GDR.Mikkalai 22:24, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I presume those jokes (at least the politican ones) were not really emitted by the Radio Yerevan?

 * No, of course not. However, it seems that Radio Yerevan actually had a show on which listners could ask questions. Bogdan | Talk 17:48, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The Armenian radio jokes are from the times when to have a phone at home was a rare privilege in the Soviet Union, and the questions actually came from letters (or "as if from" letters). Mikkalai 19:59, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Add also the history of the broadcasting company Radio Yerevan

"Armenian jokes" were already popular before revolution. --109.252.100.73 (talk) 09:28, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

To Wikisource
IMO, the jokes should be moved to Wikisource, with a link here, and only the explanation and a few sample jokes should stay. --AdiJapan 04:12, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Deletion of the Jokebook
Jimbo Wales has announced that he will be deleting the Jokebook from Wikibooks within 24 hours. See Wikibooks:Staff lounge. Uncle G 16:30, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Non-specific Jokes
In my opinion, most (if not all) of the jokes under Men, Women, and Marriage, Sex, and Mother-in-Law should be removed as they are the kind of jokes you would hear anywhere in the world, in the case of my country, Britain, in any night-club, maybe when Bernard Manning or Jim Davidson are on. This article should be restricted to jokes particular to Radio Yerevan. Camillus (talk) 15:40, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Deletion of Jokes
Why were all the jokes deleted without prior consensus on whether to do it at all and if so which to include as examples? There is further no link to wikisource or wherever it was suggested to move them. This is very counterproductive and borders on vandalism. Plumsforsale 09:51, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Move it if you think it's useful. It's all in the history. Nothing was *deleted*. I have reverted. - CrazyRussian talk/email 15:03, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I already get that you don't find them useful, although I have yet to see an explanation why. What I don't yet see is consensus that the jokes don't belong in the article in any way, shape or form.  I am also waiting for an explanation as for why you think you have a mandate to delete them without picking examples or moving & linking to wikisource yourself.  These jokes took an effort to assemble.  Without them, the article is almost useless because one cannot demonstrate the nature of a type of humor other than by providing examples.  Your stance so far of simply deleting reeks of POV.  Please leave the jokes alone until you have a consensus to delete.  And yes, as far as the end reader of the article is concerned, as opposed to an editor, you *deleted* the jokes. Happy Independence Day.Plumsforsale 00:27, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
 * WP:NOT. Consensus not needed. - CrazyRussian talk/email 00:37, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

I have to concur with Crzrussian. The lengthy list of jokes, is unencylopedic and could be simplified to two sentences or a point of nonexistance. It's not something that belongs on Wikipedia and but may be more approate for Wikiquote if you can map out specific lines. Yank sox  02:14, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Get rid of this nonsense. Yanksox, did you mean "unencyclopedic?".Blnguyen | rant-line 00:14, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Beg to differ with Plumsforsale. Consensus is forming.  The jokes are not appropriate for the article -- Samir   धर्म 01:52, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

A pity that you snooty Encyclopedia Nazis have to ruin a perfectly good page that many people found useful. You should at least provide a link to a page which has all of this page's original content. Anything less is disrespectful and uncourteous. -Anonymous

 * Not usually one to take a position with this kind of thing, but I'm going to have to agree. I hate to see the page butchered like this; it had gotten me out of some sad moods before, too. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 07:41, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. NONE of the jokes can be found anywhere on the net (unless they appear on the first page of a google search, it fits the definition of "cannot be found"), so unless the VANDALS can provide proper links to the jokes IN ENGLISH, please revert it back to the original state. thanks.. the jokes are entirely appropriate to the article... there is NO USE in providing a link to the jokes in russian in the arabic wikipedia for example. QED REVERT REVERT REVERT -hellznrg —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.42.2.24 (talk) 09:36, 8 February 2007 (UTC).

self-reference to article authors
I removed the sentence that began "We have therefore tried our best..." because, in addition to referring to material no longer in the article, it was self-referential to Wikipeda authors (a violation of Wikipedia policy). --Cab88 22:58, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Structures
This splitting into different "structures" is ridiculous, imo. You could add the "In principle" thing to half of the other examples, and the example with Moscows risk of getting nuked is a "but" joke, too.

It'd be much more sensible and interesting to give examples of jokes with different content instead of nitpickingly comparing the exact wording.

Im not commenting on writing ten times "The Armenian Radio answered" just to (not even rightly) follow the (made-up) rule set up a few lines up.

ymmv. --Maxus96 (talk) 19:26, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, any of these jokes may be retold in any of the structures, but this does not change the fact that these are typical structures. Quite often the structure is a distinctive element of the joke. On the other hand, it is pointless to classify by content, because a joke may be on any topic, from unsafe sex to politics. Staszek Lem (talk) 00:35, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Radio Yerevan jokes. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.bratislavaguide.com/radio-yerevan-jokes

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:42, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Unexplained jokes
I realize that sometimes there's nothing more tedious than trying to explain a joke, but some of the jokes on the article page will be almost incomprehensible without understanding traditional Armenian-Azerbaijani antagonisms, that Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan, etc. AnonMoos (talk) 21:33, 4 November 2018 (UTC)

OR in lead
@Szmenderowiecki I don't want to torpedo the DYK nom, but I do worry that the lead has a bunch of OR claims - that are unreferenced and not repeated in lead. They are AFAIK correct but lead should be a summary of referenced claims in the body. I refer to claims such as that Yerevan was a name used outside USSR or that after the fall of communism the popularity of those jokes waned. I recommend checking each claim in lead versus the body, moving or copying what is not in the body from lead to the body, and referencing it as necessary (or removing if a ref cannot be found). Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 02:48, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Well, all I can say is that according to the 2002 source in Russian (ref 1), they are no longer being created. It is also true that they were immensely popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but that's all that my sources say.
 * As for Radio Yerevan/Armenian Radio, my query says that in German, Polish, Czech, Slovak and basically any other relevant language, it's called Radio Yerevan.
 * Also, speaking of the image, I prefer no image than a weird image like that one. Szmenderowiecki (talk) 21:16, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Szmenderowiecki I am not opposed to removing the image, although perhaps we could get WP:3O on it (since perhaps weak image is still superior to no image?). As for other issues, I believe the facts are correct, but they need to be referenced. Otherwise it is WP:OR :( Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:09, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't want disputes, so basically if you think the article is better with the image such as it is, I will yield because I couldn't care less.
 * As for OR concerns, you could raise them in the DYK, I have no problem with that. I just can't find the source saying "elsewhere", even though the sources say for a fact that in USSR, it's the Armenian Radio only.
 * I will return to the article shortly Szmenderowiecki (talk) 21:30, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Since the hook is not related to the lead issues, I don't feel this is a DYK issue. I just noted this here for you and others who may want to improve it later. As for the image, I think the article is marginally better with this image. Strong stress on marginally. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:43, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Examples?
I’m dismayed that this article doesn’t have any examples of Armenian Radio jokes. I think two would be a good number. ꧁ Zanahary ꧂ 13:57, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I fully agree, but has claimed WP: OWNERSHIP and is reverting any attempts to restore the ones they deleted. Jpatokal (talk) 21:56, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * , I have not claimed any ownership and I was not even aware of the talk page discussion going on, so knock it off. Reverting once is not OWNing an article.
 * If you insist on a couple examples, you can copy them back from Wikiquotes, or, if you have something to add, better add there. The reason I reverted you is that it just didn't fit within the Themes section. But you can create an "Examples" section and have two or three jokes over there, not a big deal for me, even if I prefer everything to be in Wikiquotes. Just make sure they more or less reflect the themes Szmenderowiecki (talk) 01:23, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Apologies for the snark, but you did delete them twice...
 * That said, if we have a separate Examples section, it will just grow until it duplicates Wikiquotes. Better to have the examples mixed in directly with the prose, so they illustrate the themes. Jpatokal (talk) 12:43, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, then what we need is rewrite the Themes section so that the jokes fit organically within the description of main topics the jokes are about. We can do that: just choose 2-3 better-known jokes to incorporate in the text - one or even two political, one sexual and one "Armenian". Szmenderowiecki (talk) 12:50, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
 * , better? Szmenderowiecki (talk) 17:57, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, thank you! Jpatokal (talk) 04:35, 19 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Now I want everyone to hug! ꧁ Zanahary ꧂ 04:56, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radio Yerevan joke


text: Category:Tompkins County, New York

title: Category:Tompkins County, New York


text:
Category talk:Elections in Ireland

It is worth noting that only one of the articles (the 1918 election) goes wider than what is now the Republic of Ireland. --Henrygb 22:25, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Please do not delete this page yet. I have revisited the issue on the deletion page. There is a major problem with the Category:Elections in the Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland only exists since 1949. Unless we create 8 categories to cover all the various name changes what is how the Republic of Ireland has undergone, including 6 in the twentieth century, we will have to use 'Ireland' as a point to link all elections, and avoid specific names like Irish Republic, Irish Free State, Éire, Republic of Ireland etc. Fear ÉIREANN  20:10, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Elections in Ireland