text:
Talk:International Classification of Diseases

ICD-CM is public domain - NCHS email verification
The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) is based on the World Health Organization's Ninth Revision, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). ICD-9-CM is the official system of assigning codes to diagnoses and procedures associated with hospital utilization in the United States. The ICD-9 is used to code and classify mortality data from death certificates.

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are the U.S. governmental agencies responsible for overseeing all changes and modifications to the ICD-9-CM.

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/icd9/abticd9.htm

The following email from NCHS verifies that we may use it how we wish:

Subject: RE: Data posted to form 1 of http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/mail/mail.htm Date: Fri, 8 Oct 2004 07:37:32 -0400 From: "NCHSED"  To: petersam

All of NCHS data is in Public Domain. You may use it how it wish. All NCHS asks is that you cite us as your source: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/howto/howto.htm

-Original Message- From: Chase, Johncene M. On Behalf Of NCHS QUERY Sent: Thursday, October 07, 2004 4:16 PM To: NCHSED Subject: FW: Data posted to form 1 of http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/mail/mail.htm

-Original Message- From: srv2@cdc.gov Sent: Thursday, October 07, 2004 3:24 PM To: NCHS QUERY Subject: Data posted to form 1 of http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/mail/mail.htm

comments:

Is there any restrictions to the use of ICD-9 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd9.htm as a categorization of medical/clinical topics in a public on-line internet encyclopedia?

Could part or all of it be reprinted?

Thank you, peter sam www.wikipedia.org

Possible choice for WikiProject Clinical medicine/categorizations

Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Clinical medicine/categorizations Petersam 19:38, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

ICD-9
I work in the health care industry in the US, so I'm familiar with ICD-9-CM, but don't really know very much about ICD-10. The current article states that "ICD-10-CM codes are not currently valid for any purpose or uses," but I was under the impression that ICD-10-CM codes are used in the US for mortality or death certificate purposes. Can someone confirm this and update the article?

It appears that ICD-9-CM V and E codes have been turned into ICD-10-CM S, T, V, W, X, and Y codes. If this is the case, I think that might deserve a mention.

Also, ICD-9-CM has both diag and procedure codes. I don't see anything written about ICD-10-CM procedure codes. If the procedure codes still exist, they need to be included in this article. --Pagrashtak 6 July 2005 18:49 (UTC)

ICD-9 and DSM-IV?
Are the codes used in the DSM-IV-TR and the ICD-9 the same? I noticed that the DSM codes were removed from the mental disorder pages, and I was going to replace some until I realized that they are the same for several disorders.

Clean up
This article needs to be cleaned up. There are many places where information is repeated under a difference subheading, or conflicted. For example, the article states that the US Public Health Service published ICD-9-CM under one subhead and three paragraphs later it's the Dept of Health and Human Services. This needs to be fixed/clarified. Also, the paragraphs and list under the first subhead (International Statistical...) are repeated almost verbatim under the History section. As I've only skimmed the article, I'm sure that there are other areas that need improvement.

Would someone with more background in the subject give this a shot? JordeeBec 14:26, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm going to start taking a look at it. Also, considering the ridiculously long title and the actual "what links here" page, it looks like a great deal of articles connect here through the ICD-9 and ICD-10 redirects. I've worked in the industry for years, and I've never called it an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code. I don't see many people writing articles that way, so maybe we should consider moving this to a less hard-to-find location. I suggest moving it to "ICD" and making the current ICD page "ICD (disambiguation)". It's going to be some work and I don't want to piss anyone off, so I'll post the suggestion to the requested moves page later and we'll see what everyone thinks. Kafziel 19:05, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

This article still needs a lot of work - it is very US-centric, for what is an international system, which is produced and maintained by an international inter-governmental body. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.129.131.2 (talk) 11:58, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

Requested move
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems → ICD – "ICD" is the most common title for this system of codes (and with a title as long as that one, it's no mystery why). Most of the articles that link to the page right now do so through redirects at ICD-9 and ICD-10. People will be much more likely to use the correct page name if it is intuitive. I've already moved the contents of ICD to ICD (disambiguation); there were only two articles linked to from there, including this one, and the other one has far fewer links.

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support as nominator Kafziel 04:21, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose I prefer for Wikipedia to spell-out acronyms, and so does WP:NAME. Then again, I only support moving articles to acronyms when the controlling organization actually says the acronym means nothing, like SAT does now. --Davidstrauss 09:43, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, the MoS link you have there precisely backs up my reasons for wanting to move the page. It is known almost exclusively as ICD and it is widely known and used in that form. Even the publishers of the guides to the codes title their books "ICD". Kafziel 12:08, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * A bit of evidence for my claim comes from the good old Google test. 98,600 hits for the spelled out version versus 2,440,000 for ICD-9 and 2,160,000 ICD-10. Does four million hits help support my request? Kafziel 12:15, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It does for me. Moved. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 10:26, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hang on a minute! I strongly oppose the move to ICD. ICD is an acronym with a number of common meanings - two of them in medicine, indeed. It's a bit rich to move the page without waiting a decent interval for the results of the discussion. If you must move it, at least insert a reference to ICD (disambiguation)! The 4-million Google hits argument actually supports ICD-9 and ICD-10, not ICD. Snalwibma 12:39, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * This page covers both ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, so those google hits support it. They don't have their own pages. This page wasn't moved in some "high handed" way; it sat at Requested Moves for several days. Every other page that had been there the same amount of time has also been acted upon.
 * The other meaning for ICD isn't nearly as significant. Moving this here fixed hundreds of redirects and will be even more useful in the future. Kafziel 12:47, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Confusing sentences

 * Commonly disputed by healthcare providers as billing code and not representative of true clinical outcomes

Huh? -- Beland 01:27, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll have a go at this Claus Diff 09:04, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The original revisions of ICD also did not provide for classification of operative or diagnostic procedures.

Which, exactly? -- Beland 01:31, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * ...the international (and thus original revisions in this context) ICDs do not provide procedure codes Claus Diff 09:04, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

The article is still very US and DSM oriented and needs to be rewritten Icdmaat (talk) 10:51, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

2011 or 2015?
I see an anonymous editor changed the planned release date for ICD11 from 2011 to 2015 without any explanation or comment, so I put a citation needed tag after the date. The cited source speculates that it will be released in 2011, but I guess it might have been pushed back since then, a possibility that is supported by a google search for "ICD11 2015". --Slashme (talk) 10:48, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

It is definitely 2015, see WHO pages. The source cited older dates that were outdated already at the time of the interview. Icdmaat (talk) 10:48, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Has the formal name been shortened?
The documents at the links show a name of "International Classification of Diseases", rather than the long forms on the articles. For example "International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10)" and "International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9)" sinneed (talk) 05:02, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I share this curiosity. Should the article be moved to International Classification of Diseases, the title as currently reflected in the intro? "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems" is ungainly and not easily extraced from the initialism "ICD" that appears in usage with the likes of ICD-10. ENeville (talk) 18:13, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

Remove links to commercial websites. Why?
Is there rules regarding links to commercial web sites? Why did Jason64 do the edit "Remove links to commercial websites" on the 2010-06-16 ? There are so many other pages regarding technology and products that include links to commercial suppliers that I don't see what the problem is. tygrus (talk) 02:01, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

Gross copyvio
this edit was a blatant wp:Copyvio by a one-time editor, a verbatim copy of Appendix L from this cited source. I'll blank the section pending further action.LeadSongDog come howl!  13:43, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

ICD-10-AM addition?
I was looking through and wasn't able to find a section/article on the Australian Modification Version of the ICD-10. I suggest an addition/summary of the differences with the ICD-10 and ICD-10AM as Australias coding systems are fairly well used within the health information services sector. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Phu Lam (talk • contribs) 00:31, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Updating Diagnostic Guidelines for ICD-11
Hello!! I am student at the University of Florida and as part of my grade in one of my psychology courses our professor has assigned us to learn and participate in editing a wikipedia page. Because Wikipedia plays a vital role in disseminating psychological science to the masses. I would like to add the four major concerns found by researchers about the ICD-10 and the eight major recommendations for the classification of eating and feeding disorders found in the Eating Disorders Review volume 23 Issue 6. Any input or help would be greatly appreciated!! --Anajean93 (talk) 05:14, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

History and usage in the United States needs updated implementation date for ICD-10
Information under the subheading: History and usage in the United States. Needs to be updated, the implementation date changed from 10/1/13 to 10/1/14 back in August of 2012, below I've included an article that mentions this.

This information should be added:

http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/breaking-news-cms-confirms-icd-10-transition-delay-2014

HHS combines the announcement of an administrative simplification change with confirmation of the ICD-10 transition date for 2014

The Department of Health and Human Services on Aug. 24, in announcing an administration simplification change around the creation of a unique health plan identifier (HPID), also confirmed through that final rule, the delay to Oct. 1, 2014 for compliance with the transition to the ICD-10 coding system, from the ICD-9 coding system. More information on both of these areas can be found at

http://www.cms.gov/apps/media/fact_sheets.asp http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/breaking-news-cms-confirms-icd-10-transition-delay-2014 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.241.4.240 (talk) 20:21, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

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ICD-11 section plag?
The first three paras of the ICD-11 section are lifted straight from this EC page. Not sure if this counts as plag or not, could someone please take a look. Sincerely, Marksomnian. (talk) 05:18, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

I've started ICD-11
I've made an attempt on starting ICD-11. It's not much, but we have to start somewhere. This is the next big standard in health care, so obviously it needs an article. Feel free to help me out. See also Talk:ICD-11. Cheers, Manifestation (talk) 18:03, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 6 April 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved to "International Classification of Disease" buidhe 05:21, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems → International Classification of Diseases – The current title is indeed the official name of the ICD-10, but naming the article as such goes against WP:COMMON: over 5.1 million hits for "International Classification of Diseases" versus 424.000 hits for "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems".

With the upcoming ICD-11, the WHO appears to prefer the simpler form, "International Classification of Disease", e.g. here. The ICD-11 Reference Guide adds four words to it: "International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems".

The WHO is passionate about developing standardized terms and definitions, but seems less concerned about standardizing the terms of their standardizations, see also this e-mail I've prepared. Pretty strange. Anyway, I believe the title of this article should be International Classification of Diseases, per WP:COMMON, and because of the commonly used "ICD" acronym. Cheers, Manifestation (talk) 18:04, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

 * At first blush, this seems like a good suggestion, but I shall cogitate on the matter some as there are probably considerations that don't occur to me right off. I agree that WHO could improve it's naming conventions as their various names for different iterations/versions/aspects of the ICD are confusing.  - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)   (I'm a man—traditional male pronouns are fine.)  11:22, 7 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Cogitation completed. ;o) I reviewed several web pages and documents at https://www.who.int/classifications/. I found that throughout the WHO website the term used over and over is "International Classification of Diseases". I searched the entire site for the exact phrase, "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems". That phrase appears only twice—in two versions of a document,, both of which contain the same citation, which is where the term appears. Thus, it appears that sometime after 1994 (I am not sure when, although more digging could probably determine the year), WHO decided to omit the word, "statistical" and the phrase, "and Related Health Problems". So, it makes sense that the authors of this article titled it as they did, since that was the initial name for ICD-10. However, by at least 2004 (the year of the first version of the document I mentioned a moment ago), the name had changed to simply "International Classification of Diseases".   - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)   (I'm a man—traditional male pronouns are fine.)  13:16, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

Indicate if you Support or Oppose the name change (move) below
"I note also that while the target has no significant history that needs preserving..." Well, if that would be problem: 1, 2, 3, 4. Cheers, Manifestation (talk) 21:10, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support - for the reasons outlined above.  - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)   (I'm a man—traditional male pronouns are fine.)  13:21, 7 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Both trivially more concise and the current common name. The discussion above basically reinvents wp:NAMECHANGES. I note also that while the target has no significant history that needs preserving, it is interesting that it shows a previous move to ICD and back again, following an informal RM above. Hopefully this more formal (but still appalling) RM will lead to stability. Andrewa (talk) 19:15, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
 * "The discussion above basically reinvents wp:NAMECHANGES." → I do not understand. ¶ "Hopefully this more formal (but still appalling) RM ..." → Why is it "appalling"? Thank you  - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)   (I'm a man—traditional male pronouns are fine.)  20:01, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Have a look at a few other RMs. Wikipedia has some well-established procedures and practices, supported by policies and guidelines. We encourage people to be bold rather than read all of the relevant material before doing anything. But the flipside of this is, someone needs to then clean up the messes they create. I'm just trying to encourage a bit more research on the part of the participants in this RM and in previous and future move discussions here, to cut down this overhead. But obviously not succeeding, so far. Andrewa (talk) 00:46, 16 April 2020 (UTC)
 * I also don't get it.
 * Glad you want to understand. For a start, the links that you have given to the web archive are irrelevant. Under our copyleft license, we are responsible for maintaining our own record of contributions. But it's not a problem in this case, and that's the point, and the closer will be an experienced hand and will understand what I've said. Andrewa (talk) 00:46, 16 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Comment after the close
Even though this article is on my watchlist, I just saw this. Something other than WP:Common name to keep in mind is WP:NCMED. I'll alert WP:Med to this move discussion. Flyer22 Frozen (talk) 07:12, 19 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Does your mention of WP:NCMED indicate agreement or disagreement with the move? // This discussion was posted on the WP:MED Talk page earlier.  - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)   (I'm a man—traditional male pronouns are fine.)  20:06, 21 April 2020 (UTC)

 * That discussion is not about titling the article, though. I don't have a strong opinion on the title. I simply felt that other WP:Med editors should be alerted to this matter in case they have opinions on the title change. I think that more WP:Med editors should be involved in any title change like this one. Flyer22 Frozen (talk) 07:41, 22 April 2020 (UTC)


text:
Election Day (United Kingdom)

Election Day in the United Kingdom is by convention a Thursday. Polls in the United Kingdom open at 7:00 and close at 22:00.

General elections
It has been suggested that this tradition arose as the best of several circumstances: Friday pay-packets would lead to more drunken voters on Fridays and weekends; having the election as far after a Sunday as possible would reduce the influence of Sunday sermons; many towns held markets on Thursdays, thus the local population would be travelling to town that day anyway.

Before the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 and again since it was repealed, a general election in the UK follows the dissolution of Parliament by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister of the day. The Prime Minister thus has the power to choose the date of the election. Thursday has been the customary day to hold elections since the 1930s. The Levellers proposed that elections be held on the first Thursday in every second March in the Agreement of the People in 1647.

Between 2011 and 2022, under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act all future General Elections were automatically scheduled on the first Thursday in May every five years, barring special circumstances; only one such election took place in 2015. To call an early election, either a vote of no confidence in the government, which required a simple majority, or a vote in favour of an earlier election, which required a two-thirds majority of the House of Commons was needed. Only one election took place through these means in 2017.

Historically, elections took place over the course of a four-week period until 1918. Election days were then as follows:

and elections have been on Thursdays since then:

Other elections
Local elections in England and Wales are by statute held on the first Thursday in May. This has been changed in recent years: in 2001 they were delayed while an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease was dealt with and in 2020 they were postponed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2004, 2009 & 2014 local elections were delayed in order to allow the elections to be held simultaneously with the European Parliament. However the elections were separate in 2019. In all cases, the elections were held on Thursdays.

By-elections and other UK elections are also traditionally held on Thursdays though they can be held on other days – in particular when they would otherwise clash with bank holidays. The last Parliamentary by-election not to be held on a Thursday was the Hamilton by-election of 31 May 1978. This was held on a Wednesday as the returning officer wished to avoid a clash with the opening game of the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Today, council by-elections are still occasionally held on days other than Thursday.

From 1997 to 2015, general elections occurred on the same days as the annual scheduled local government elections; however, this ended in 2017 with the local elections on 4 May and the general election on 8 June.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Election Day (United Kingdom)


text:
User talk:N0x

N0x is a very special alias used by a very special peson who, for the sake of confidentiality, does not want to be identified. He resides in Tacloban City, Philippines where he is preparing plans for a major military offensive against some military installations there.

title: User talk:N0x


text:
Best Friend of Charleston

The Best Friend of Charleston was a steam-powered railroad locomotive widely considered the first locomotive to be built entirely within the United States for revenue service. It was also the first locomotive to suffer a boiler explosion in the United States.

History
The locomotive was built for the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company by the West Point Foundry of New York in 1830. Disassembled for shipment by boat to Charleston, South Carolina, it arrived in October of that year and was unofficially named The Best Friend of Charleston. After its inaugural run on Christmas Day, it was used in regular passenger service along a 6 mi demonstration route in Charleston. At the time, it was considered one of the fastest modes of transport, taking its passengers "on the wings of wind at the speed of 15 to 25 mph." The only faster mode of travel was by an experienced horse and rider.

On June 17, 1831, the Best Friend was the first locomotive in the US to suffer a boiler explosion. The blast is said to have been caused by the fireman tying down the steam pressure release valve; he had grown tired of hearing it whistle, so to stop the noise he closed the valve permanently. (Another account has him placing a stout piece of lumber on the safety valve and sitting on it.) He may also have tried to overpressure the boiler as the locomotive was expected to perform hard work (e.g. climbing a gradient upon setting off); this was common practice and a common cause of boiler bursts until a tamper-proof safety valve was produced. The blocked valve caused the pressure within the boiler to exceed its capacity, and it exploded. The resulting blast was said to have hurled metal fragments over a wide area and killed the fireman. The locomotive's engineer Nicholas Darrell was uninjured in the explosion.

According to Centennial History of South Carolina Railroad, this wrote a new rule in the SCC&RR operating manual that engineers were to remain on station at all times, with the aid of newly hired conductors to manage cars, passengers and switches. Salvageable parts from the Best Friend were used to build the Phoenix, which seems to have run up to the time of the American Civil War. To restore passenger confidence, a flatcar piled high with protective cotton bales was placed between the locomotive and its passenger cars.

Replicas
Today, an operable replica of the locomotive is in the hands of the Charleston, SC Chapter, National Railway Historical Society. It was built in 1928 to commemorate the centenary of the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road, and widely exhibited. On August 6, 2005, the City of Charleston lent it to the Norfolk Southern Railway (NS), the original SCRR line's current operator, for five years. After refurbishment at their shops in Chattanooga, NS brought the replica to New York City for display on December 12, 2005, outside the New York Stock Exchange Building in a ceremony commemorating 175 years of American railroad history. It was then put on public display at NS Atlanta headquarters at 1200 Peachtree Street in midtown Atlanta, GA; then transported by truck in October 2013 to Charleston, SC.

Another full-size replica is on exhibit at the South Carolina State Museum, in Columbia, South Carolina.

Best Friend of Charleston Museum
In May 2014, the Best Friend of Charleston Museum opened on 23 Ann Street in the Charleston Historic District behind the Charleston Visitor Center and near the Charleston Museum.

Timeline

 * October 1830: the Best Friend arrives in Charleston from West Point Foundry.
 * December 25, 1830: The Best Friend runs for the first time in Charleston.
 * June 17, 1831: The boiler explodes on the Best Friend.
 * Remains of Best Friend rebuilt in Charleston as Phoenix, which runs until the American Civil War.

title: Best Friend of Charleston


text:
Talk:Best Friend of Charleston

If possible, also describe peculiar valve gear systam (it had no Johnson bar). Does a picture exist? Wyvern 05:31, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone know where the second replica in Columbia came from?

The inline reference code makes this article very difficult to edit - just about a negative experience. JMO Hughespj (talk) 14:32, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

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Aboyne

Aboyne (Abyne, Abèidh) is a village on the edge of the Highlands in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the River Dee, approximately 30 mi west of Aberdeen. It has a swimming pool at Aboyne Academy, all-weather tennis courts, a bowling green and is home to the oldest 18 hole golf course on Royal Deeside. Aboyne Castle and the Loch of Aboyne are nearby.

Aboyne has many businesses, including a Co-Op supermarket, several hairdressers, a butcher, a newsagent, an Indian restaurant and a post office. Originally, there was a railway station in the village, but it was closed on 18 June 1966. The station now contains some shops and the tunnel running under the village is now home to a firearms club. The market-day in Aboyne was known as Fèill Mhìcheil (Scottish Gaelic for "Michael's Fair").

History
The name "Aboyne" is derived from "Oboyne", first recorded in 1260, in turn derived from the Gaelic words "abh", "bo", and "fionn", meaning "[place by] white cow river".

The village of Aboyne was founded by Charles Gordon, 1st Earl of Aboyne in 1671, who, in the same year, rebuilt the west wing of Aboyne Castle. The siting of the castle itself is related to the limited number of the crossings of the Mounth of the Grampian Mountains to the south. In 1715 Aboyne was the scene of a tinchal, or great hunt, organised by John Erskine, sixth Earl of Mar, on 3 September, as a cover for the gathering of Jacobite nobles and lairds to discuss a planned Jacobite rising. The uprising began three days later in Braemar.

The former Aboyne Public School was used as a secondary school to the local area, but was notably used during WWII as an evacuee station for those coming from Glasgow. Local Aboyne children were educated in the morning and the evacuee children were educated in the afternoon. Any overflow evacuees were passed on to the nearby church hall, and as many as 1,250 were evacuated to the Deeside area in 1939.

Religion
An eighth-century Christian presence in Aboyne is attested by a Pictish stone cross called the Formaston Stone. The slab is inscribed with Ogham characters which have been transliterated as “MAQQOoiTALLUORRH | NxHHTVROBBACCxNNEVV.” These are the Pictish names Talorc (TALLUORRH) and Nehht (NxHHT), both of which were names of kings. In fact, the Pictish king Nechtan (d. 732) was said by Bede to have accepted the Christian faith in response to the teachings of Adamnan, abbot of Iona, eventually bringing his people to Christianity as well. Aboyne's first church was dedicated to Adamnan, and it was at the burial ground of this church where the Formaston Stone was first discovered. The stone was eventually removed to Aboyne Castle and is currently exhibited in the Inverurie Museum. In 1237, Alexander II granted the Knights Templar a charter of liberty to acquire lands in Scotland, and Walter Byset, Lord of Aboyne, gave the Templar preceptory the church of Aboyne. Then, between 1239 and 1249, the church was conveyed to the Templars adproprier usus by Ralph, Bishop of Aberdeen. According to the terms of the charter, the Templars would take charge of the temporalities of the church and maintain a vicar there, while the bishop retained authority in spiritual matters. King Alexander II confirmed the donation on 15 April 1242, and Pope Alexander IV, in 1277, the same year that John of Annan, chaplain to Alexander III, was appointed vicar. Aboyne, along with other Templar possessions in Scotland, was held by the Torphichen Preceptory in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and remained so until the Reformation. In 1761, a new parish church was constructed in Aboyne; then, in 1842, another church was built on the site of the eighteenth-century structure, and in 1929 at the Union of the Established Church, it was formally dedicated to St. Machar. In 1936, St. Machar's was joined with the United Free Church, and fifty years later, was linked with the parish church of Dinnet, a linkage which led to the 1993 union between the two, which is now known as the Aboyne-Dinnet Parish Church. In 2006, Aboyne-Dinnet was linked with the parish church at Cromar.

Climate
Aboyne has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), similar to most of the United Kingdom. Due to its high inland position in Scotland, Aboyne can record some very low temperatures and some high snowfall. Conversely, temperatures can reach exceptional values for the latitude, particularly during the winter months due to the foehn effect; it holds the January and March record for the highest temperatures in Scotland, with 18.3 C on 26 January 2003 and 23.6 C on 27 March 2012. The former is also the UK's highest January temperature on record, which it shares with Inchmarlo, Kincardineshire and Aber, Gwynedd. The February record for Scotland was broken on 21 February 2019 at 18.3 °C.

Tourism and culture

In summer, when tourists visit, the number of people and vehicles increases dramatically. The Highland Games on the Village Green features in August. The green includes facilities for rugby and football and a play park as well as Aboyne Canoe Clubs storage facility 'The Canoe Cathedral'.

The British Royal Family are residents in nearby Balmoral Castle during the Summer.

Outdoor pursuits include golf, walking, cycling, mountain biking trails, kayaking, canoeing and gliding from the airfield just outside the village. Aboyne has become popular with gliding enthusiasts from Britain and Europe due to its suitable air currents (due to the surrounding terrain). The airfield has two parallel tarmac runways running east–west, a webcam and small weather-monitoring centre on its premises. Aboyne contains a mountain biking facility at Aboyne Bike Park located in the Bellwood.

The old Aboyne Curling Club had its own private railway station, Aboyne Curling Pond railway station, at the Loch of Aboyne.

The close by pass of Ballater is a rock-climbing area. The village of Dinnet is a few miles west and is the first being located inside the Cairngorms National Park. Walkers and cyclists can ascend Mount Keen by cycling as far as they can from Glen Tanar forest before walking to the summit.

There are two schools, Aboyne Academy and a primary school. The academy has around 800 pupils, about a quarter from Aboyne itself, with the remaining three quarters from surrounding villages. The school has access to a full-size swimming pool and gym run by the adjacent Deeside Community Centre.

Belwade Farm, a horse sanctuary, is situated nearby.

Transportation

 * Aboyne Bridge, to the south of Aboyne

title: Aboyne


text:
Westbrook

Westbrook may refer to:

People

 * Westbrook (surname), includes a list of notable people with this surname
 * Westbrook Pegler (1894–1969), American journalist
 * Westbrook Van Voorhis (1903-1968), American voice actor

Australia

 * Westbrook, Queensland, a town south-west of Toowoomba.

New Zealand

 * Westbrook, New Zealand, a suburb of Palmerston North

South Africa

 * Westbrook, KwaZulu-Natal, a coastal village north of Durban

United Kingdom

 * Westbrook, Berkshire
 * Westbrook, Kent, part of Margate
 * Westbrook, Herefordshire
 * Westbrook, Warrington, a council ward in Warrington, Cheshire
 * Westbrook, Wiltshire, a settlement in the civil parish of Bromham, Wiltshire

United States

 * Westbrook, Connecticut, a town in Middlesex County
 * Westbrook, Maine, a city in Cumberland County
 * Westbrook, Minnesota, a small city in Cottonwood County
 * Westbrook, Missouri, a ghost town
 * Westbrook, Texas, a city in Mitchell County

Transportation

 * Westbrook station (Calgary), CTrain station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * Westbrook station (Minnesota), in Westbrook, Minnesota, United States
 * Westbrook station (Connecticut), in Westbrook, Connecticut, United States
 * Westbrook railway station (England), former station in Dorstone, Herefordshire, England
 * Westbrook railway station, Auckland, former station in Auckland, New Zealand

Other uses

 * Westbrook, Suffolk County, New York, a large estate house listed on the National Register of Historic places in Great River, New York, U.S.
 * Westbrook Intermediate School, a middle school in Houston, Texas, U.S.

title: Westbrook


text:
Buried Alive (talk show)

Buried Alive is a talk show broadcast on RTÉ One in Ireland. It is hosted by the Irish comedian Dara Ó Briain. Each week a celebrity from Irish society is invited onto the show to view their own "obituary film". The show highlights the careers of different celebrities and sees their reactions to different parts of their lives.

Past guests include:

 * Barry McGuigan
 * Mary Coughlan
 * Dave Fanning
 * Ray Houghton
 * David Norris
 * Eddie O'Sullivan
 * Frank Kelly
 * Eileen Reid
 * Mary Peters
 * Louis Walsh

title: Buried Alive (talk show)


text:
U.D. Leiria

União Desportiva de Leiria, commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.

History
Leiria's biggest rivals in Portugal are Beira-Mar, Associação Naval 1º de Maio and Académica de Coimbra, which belong to the same geographical region. In 1979–80, the club first competed in the top division, finishing in 13th position and being the first team inside the relegation zone.

A heavy contender in the battle to reach European competitions in the 2000s, the club was relegated in 2007–08 to the second level, after finishing last. The team would be immediately promoted back, coming in second after champions Olhanense.

On 23 August 2004, União de Leiria reached the UEFA Intertoto Cup final with Lille. After getting a 0–0 draw in France in the first leg, the whole city thought it would be possible for the club to win a European competition. However, in the second leg, after another 0–0 draw at their home stadium, the team would lose the game in extra time by 0–2, mostly due to the excessive fatigue. For the history, it was the first Portuguese team to reach the final of this competition.

The 2011–12 season was lived amongst serious financial difficulties, with the squad not being paid their wages for several months, as three coaching moves also happened during the campaign  and president João Bartolomeu resigned amongst accusations of ingratitude towards the players. On 29 April 2012, after most of the squad rescinded their contracts, only eight players took the pitch for the league match at home against Feirense in an eventual 0–4 home loss. The side played the last two matches, against Benfica and Nacional, with a complete team, but three players came from the juniors.

After failing to meet the deadline to register the team in Division Two, Leiria were automatically relegated to the third level. Overwhelmed with the task of rebuilding a squad from scratch, the organization hired several players in an attempt to return to the professionals,  as a second senior team also begun competing in the Leiria regional leagues, coached by former club player Luís Bilro. On 28 June 2013, the UD Leiria SAD was declared bankrupt in a meeting of creditors, which demanded the payment of a debt amounting to €13.5 million, with the Portuguese state abstaining for demanding a debt of over €3.6 million. The second senior team that competed in the regional league took the place of the SAD by buying their sports rights for €1,000, with the club returning to the Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa after playing their home matches at other grounds for two seasons.

In February 2015, at an extraordinary general assembly, UD Leiria would vote for the creation of another SAD, opening doors to the arrival of Alexander Tolstikov, who after João Bartolomeu would become the new "Lord" of Leiria. The club would have already had a SAD between 1999 and 2013, having been extinguished in the face of its high debt value. The SAD's initial share capital is 40% owned by UD Leiria and 60% owned by DS Investment LLP, of which Alexander Tolstikov is one of those responsible. Thus, DS Investment started to control the main Football team and also the junior team.

Currently, the club is competing in the Liga 3 (National Third Division).

Honours

 * Segunda Divisão/Liga Portugal 2: 1980–81, 1997–98
 * Liga 3: 2022–23
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup co-winners: 2007
 * Taça de Portugal runners-up: 2002–03
 * Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runners-up: 2003

Stadium
The Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa was built for UEFA Euro 2004 in 2003, hosting during the competition Croatia's matches against Switzerland (0–0) and France (2–2). It also hosted the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira final between FC Porto and Vitória de Setúbal, as well as the following (Sporting CP 1–0 Porto).

The architect who designed the stadium was Tomás Taveira, who also designed stadiums for Euro 2004, including Beira-Mar's Estádio Municipal de Aveiro and Sporting CP's Estádio José Alvalade. The grounds belong to the municipality of Leiria.

Due to an excessive rent, Leiria relocated to the Estádio Municipal in the nearby town of Marinha Grande, for 2011–12. For the following season, the club moved to Campo da Portela in Santa Catarina da Serra, home of U.D. Serra.

After the SAD bankruptcy, the club returned to play its home matches at the Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa.

Managers

 * 🇵🇹 Vieira Nunes (1989–90)
 * 🇵🇹 Luís Campos (1992–93)
 * 🇵🇹 Manuel Cajuda (1993–94)
 * 🇵🇹 Vitor Manuel (1994–96)
 * 🇵🇹 Eurico Gomes (1996)
 * 🇵🇹 Quinito (1996–97)
 * 🇵🇹 Vitor Manuel (1997)
 * 🇵🇹 Vítor Oliveira (1997–98)
 * 🇵🇹 Mário Reis (1998–99)
 * 🇵🇹 Manuel José (1999–01)
 * 🇵🇹 José Mourinho (2001–02)
 * 🇵🇹 Mário Reis (2002)
 * 🇵🇹 Vítor Pontes (2002)
 * 🇵🇹 Manuel Cajuda (2002–03)
 * 🇵🇹 Vítor Pontes (2003–05)
 * 🇵🇹 José Manuel Gomes (2005)
 * 🇵🇹 Jorge Jesus (2005–06)
 * 🇵🇹 Domingos (2006–07)
 * 🇵🇹 Paulo Duarte (2007)
 * 🇵🇹 Vítor Oliveira (2007–08)
 * 🇵🇹 Paulo Alves (2008)
 * 🇵🇹 Manuel Fernandes (2008–09)
 * 🇦🇴 Lito Vidigal (2009–10)
 * 🇵🇹 Pedro Caixinha (2010–11)
 * 🇵🇹 Vítor Pontes (2011)
 * 🇵🇹 Manuel Cajuda (2011–12)
 * 🇵🇹 José Dominguez (2012)
 * 🇵🇹 Ricardo Moura (2012–2013)
 * 🇵🇹 Luis Bilro (2012–2013)
 * 🇵🇹 Rui Rodrigues (2013–2014)
 * 🇵🇹 Jorge Casquilha (2014–2016)
 * 🇧🇾 Siarhei Kabelski (2016)
 * 🇵🇹 Kata (2016–2017)
 * 🇲🇩 Serghei Cleșcenco (2017)
 * 🇵🇹 Rui Amorim (2017–2018)
 * 🇵🇹 Luís Pinto (2018)
 * 🇵🇹 Tiago Vicente (2018)
 * 🇵🇹 Filipe Cândido (2019–2020)
 * 🇵🇹 Carlão (2020)
 * 🇵🇹 Orlando (2020)

Fans
União's fans are called Leirienses, and their main group of supporters is Armata Ultra ("Armata Ultra").

title: U.D. Leiria


text:
User talk:Myork

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Thanks for the help
I must have clicked on the wrong page when trying to revert. Thanks for the help. It should be all fixed now; if you don't mind, check and make sure for me. Thanks again. Starbane 04:00, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Alta gardens, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:19, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Myork


text:
User talk:Sean Michael

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Sean Michael


text:
Talk:Baháʼu'lláh

Lead image
Was there ever a proper RfC/consensus on changing the lead image to a picture of Baháʼu'lláh? Obviously Wikipedia policies of lead images should be incorporated into this, but I'd like to stress that it makes it incredibly difficult for Baha'is to edit/view the page - of which they most likely constitute a large audience - since Baha'is (like me, lol), by strict religious custom, are only meant to view Baháʼu'lláh's photograph in Haifa (this is based on my general knowledge and obviously the knowledge of the propagators of the previous consensus, I'm funnily enough having trouble finding sources for this because the same photograph keeps popping up alongside the google results.) Since Wikipedia is meant as an informative, encyclopedic source, isn't it oxymoronic to alienate a population of readers as a result of its lead image?

According to MOS:LEADIMAGE, lead images should be selected "with care", and we are encouraged to "avoid lead images that readers would not expect to see there, which could in turn, be applied to this situation. Bettydaisies (talk) 21:17, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

 * The older consensus from 2005-ish is in a variety of old archives that are hard to search. The latest RfC was here from December 2022. It was confused by a particular editor thinking that Baha'is were trying to impose censorship. I think there's a good argument to move the photo to the first section instead of infobox, but that would have to be another RfC, and the article needs an overhaul to improve NPOV first. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  21:28, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't see how this case is particularly different from that of the Muhammad article, where the lead image is (currently) of calligraphy, with depictions of the prophet further down the page.
 * The RFC for the Muhammad article lead image is at Requests_for_comment/Muhammad_images. Comments in Talk:Muhammad/images allude that the calligraphy image was the result of WP:CONACHIEVE but looking at the RFC I am personally not convinced consensus actually existed there.
 * Regardless, my firm opinion (as a non-religious person, mind you) is that the Baháʼu'lláh and Muhammad articles should be consistent with one another in terms of depictions as the lead image. Baháʼu'lláh is even mentioned in discussions on the Muhammad article. Imyxh (talk) 14:44, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Respectfully, if you believe that the RFC at Muhammad wasn't closed correctly, there's nothing that can be done about it here, on this Talk page. If you're looking for consistency by removing the image in this article instead, well, I don't know what else anyone can say. Yes, the prohibitions against imagery is somewhat similar, but a biographical subject whose photo was taken within their lifetime is, to me, different from a biographical subject with no extant images for at least 650 years after their death. 650 years! Instead, there was a rich tradition of Islamic calligraphy tied with the Qur'an. You could also consider the case of Jesus, where we have images from "only" 200 years after his death, plus there's a rich tradition of pumping out portraits of all kinds. You can draw parallels between all of them, but the reality is that there's no apples-to-apples comparison. Because of policies like WP:CONS, articles are going to differ based on how each discussion goes, and that's okay. Woodroar (talk) 22:33, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I only brought up the Muhammad article because I had (perhaps wrongly?) assumed that a primary factor in the consensus there was to minimize MOS:SHOCK and to follow the "selected with care" criterion in MOS:LEADIMAGE. In that respect the two articles are perfectly similar and that's why I believed the precedent to be relevant. Of course, it is possible that (1) MOS:SHOCK somehow does not apply to cases like these, or (2) there is no suitable alternative for a lead image with less shock value. In these possibilities I accept that the lead image should remain. Imyxh (talk) 16:55, 23 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It's hard to see how the typical Wikipedia reader would not expect to see an image of the subject of an article on a person in the lead. That is typically where such images go on the majority of articles where images are available. The phrase you cite— "selected with care" in MOS:LEADIMAGE links to Manual_of_Style/Images, which in Manual_of_Style/Images clarifies:
 * a "typical Wikipedia reader" is defined by the cultural beliefs of the majority of the website readers (not active editors) that are literate in an article's language.
 * Again, it's hard to see how the majority of the English-speaking readers of a website devoted to the dissemination of free information would share the cultural beliefs of a minority religious group that drive them to call for its censorship. What is more likely is that this issue has received undue emphasis because its readers (but again, not the website's readers, as it has been defined) and editors are more likely to belong to a minority group whose cultural beliefs diverge from the majority's, thus biasing the discussion and giving the illusion that this is a balanced debate. It's frankly absurd to think that the censorship preferences of certain adherents of a minority religious group are more representative of Wikipidia's majority readership given Wikipedia's clear position on this matter (WP:NOTCENSORED).

Image24 (talk) 05:11, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

Thoughts on making the image collapsible?
I'm wondering other editors' thoughts on making the lead image collapsible. We could do this with Template:Hidden. Hiding content seems to be generally discouraged, though this image doesn't fall under any of the cases under which MOS:DONTHIDE forbids making images collapsible so I think it's worth considering. As per MOS:DONTHIDE, the image would still be displayed by default and readers would have to click "Hide" for it to disappear, after which they could click "Show" to make it reappear if desired.

I wasn't a part of the extensive recent discussion that led to the consensus to include the image at the top but I generally agree with what was decided. What I'm proposing here is a way that we can uphold WP:NOTCENSORED while still allowing readers who don't want to view the image to hide it after seeing it for a short time. There have been a lot of talk page complaints which, while not strong from the perspective of our encyclopedic policies and guidelines, do show the demand for an option to stop viewing the images. I'm aware that users can create an account and add code to block images on their CSS page, or configure to block images on Wikipedia, etc., but those options are all cumbersome and it's doubtful that most readers even know how to do these things or will take the time to find out.

There have been a lot of editors and individuals from outside the site's editor base who have talked about this issue on the talk page, so I won't ping any specific editors, but I'm interested to know whether others think this would be a good idea.  Gazelle55  Let's talk! 18:37, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Can Template:Hidden be used in this way? I'm on the fence (and leaning against) if it should be used—but I was curious and tried it. It didn't work for me. Woodroar (talk) 19:23, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Hmm, it doesn't seem to work - you're right. I also looked at some other related templates and I can't find any that would collapse an image or a gallery. I can look a bit further for syntax options another day soon, but if it isn't possible then the if question is a moot point.  Gazelle55  Let's talk!  20:03, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

 * This is the best syntax I can find (see the result on the right). It works (at least on my computer), but I can't get it to display properly within an infobox. Unless another editor has an idea for how this might work on the technical side, I think my proposal is irrelevant.  Gazelle55  Let's talk!  17:31, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I am in favor of this idea. This, combined with maybe making the depiction of Baha'u'llah the second image on the article, would serve to almost entirely solve the controversy Education-over-easy (talk) 02:03, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I am opposed, as this, no matter how well-meaning, is against the spirit of Wikipedia not being censored. This is merely censorship in velvet. Wikipedia offers a solution to people who do not wish to view images. They can either take it or leave it. Maxx-♥ talk and coffee ☕ 17:51, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Are you then in favor of replacing the current lead image for the Muhammad article with one of the many Depictions of Muhammad? I am neither Bahá'í nor Muslim, but the current state of both articles seems like a double standard. Imyxh (talk) 06:29, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Not that there would be any problem with replacing the current lead image for the Muhammad article, but you've failed to take into account the difference between a depiction of a prophet created created after they have died and a photograph of a prophet taken while they were livng. Image24 (talk) 16:00, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I fail to see the particular importance of that difference. Every prophet I can think of off the top of my head (Zoroaster, Moses, Jesus, …) has a depiction of them as the lead image for their article, except for Muhammad. It does not seem to me that the lack of a depiction of Muhammad as the lead image for his article is because there are no photographs taken of him while he was living. Regardless, I apologize for bringing up this point in the section about collapsability; I'll move this to Talk:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h. Imyxh (talk) 14:17, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * As I stated earlier, I'm not opposed to seeing the Muhammad article altered to bring it in line with the editorial conventions of other articles on Prophets, but that is not relevant; this talk page is not the forum for a discussion about another article.
 * The distinction I pointed out is relevant and important. Frankly, I'm struggling to understand how you "fail to see the particular importance of that difference" when @Woodroar explained it to you so clearly and cogently, but I'll try my best to explain it again because maybe my position was not so clear.
 * I was responding, very specifically, to the statement you made about the current state of the articles concerning Muhammad and Baháʼu'lláh seeming like a double standard. My point was that it is not a double standard because these two prophets are not completely similar in the aspects relevant to this context such that differential treatment afforded to one of their articles should be percieved as arbitrary.
 * From what I understand, you were saying that it does not seem fair that only one of the Wikipedia articles accords to the preferences of a religious minority when both Muslims and Bahá'ís object to depictions of their prophet. Even if I accepted that this discrepancy was unfair, and to be clear, I don't, I would still think that the solution to this double standard would be to add a lead image of Muhammad to his Wikipedia article instead of change this one. I'd sooner remove the likeness of any prophet that came before  Baháʼu'lláh from the lead image of their Wikipedia article than I would remove the image of Baháʼu'lláh or any religious figures that came after him from theirs.
 * As you mentioned, Baháʼu'lláh is the central prophet of one of the world's predominant religions, just like Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and Zoroaster. However, unlike these prophets, Baháʼu'lláh lived close enough to our time that we have extant photographs of him. This cannot be said to be a depiction of a prophet in the same way that any of the lead images, or any of their proposed alternatives, in any of the articles you mentioned can be because it is more — it is also a part of Baháʼu'lláh's historical record, in addition to being historically significant in its own right.
 * To approach this from another direction, we can compare the articles of Muhammad and Jesus. Having a painting or drawing of either of them as the lead image of their respective articles is not the same as including a photograph of Baháʼu'lláh. We do not have pictures of those prophets and, unlike Baháʼu'lláh, we do not know what they actually look like. I am arguing that this is significant enough to warrant the inclusion of this photograph as the lead image of the article and I am arguing that it is significant enough that the double standard you mentioned does not exist.
 * I would also go as far as to argue that the current lead image for the Jesus article, The Christ Pantocrator of Sinai is more analagous to the current lead image of the Muhammad article than it is to the current lead image of this one. This is because the Christ Pantocrator is an icon, not just a painting; the decision to write Jesus in this manner (as contrasted with, for example, writing him as  Christ, the Redeemer) says just as much, if not more, about Christians as it does about their prophet as he existed historically. The same goes for the decision to depict Muhammad through a calligraphic representation of his name. It represents Muhammad and the perspective his adherents hold towards him just as much as an imagistic depiction of him would. The choices we make about how we should best represent those prophets can never be divorced from ideology; any position take will inevitably be a religious or even political one. The decision to include the photograph of Baháʼu'lláh is also ideological and I don't think anyone here is arguing otherwise. Rather, the argument is that the choice to privilege historical accuracy, objectivity, and neutrality in the face of censorship attempts leaves us in a position that better accords with the ideology that animates the Wikipedia project.
 * There is an obvious reason why the vast majority of biographical articles on Wikipedia include photographs of their subjects when they are available. The fact that Baháʼu'lláh was a signficiant religious and historical figure who lived during the time of early photography should be more, not less, of a reason to include the photograph as a lead image. The only reason this is even a debate is because certain religious dictates militate that there should be one. That is why we are having this discussion here, instead of also over on the talk page for Sun Myung Moon. I think those religious arguments, are much more coherent and reasonable than the well-meaning, but ultimately groundless, attempts by non-adherents of those faiths to frame this as anything more than that. On this talk page, there are frequent, periodic calls for Wikipedia editors to treat the reverence Baháʼís hold towards the sacred images of their Prophet with respect and understanding. They ask that others empathize with them because of the shock and distress these images can cause them, and seek compassion on that basis. They, unlike you, have not failed to grasp that this is not an exercise in dispassionately balancing oppposing interests, focused only on apparent evenness and compromise. They understand that this discussion will always implicate deeply-held convictions that require us to try to understand each other. This isn't about tallying up some measure of fairness, or about avoiding double standards, it's about conflicting views on how much deference Wikipedia should afford perspectives that differ from the values that animate it as an independent and collective project. Image24 (talk) 04:18, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I can't tell if you are angry at me or just being candid. I apologize for the tone in my previous comments being a little blunt—that was not intended.
 * Regardless, I think we're focusing on different metrics when arguing about whether this is a double standard. I agree that at face value a photograph of Baháʼu'lláh is very different from a depiction of Muhammad. However, as I mentioned under Talk:Baháʼu'lláh, I was under the assumption that MOS:SHOCK was the primary factor in the consensus regarding the lead image for the Muhammad article. And in terms of potential shock value, I think a photograph of Baháʼu'lláh is very analogous to a depiction of Muhammad.
 * To be clear, my take on the issue is this: indeed, this is a question about how much deference (or accommodation) Wikipedia should afford minority perspectives—it is a case of a lead image with potential shock value for those minorities. I don't believe it's unreasonable to try to maintain some level of consistency in how such cases are approached; anything else would call into question the supposed NPOV of the Wikipedia project.
 * Lastly, I know I have made it seem like I am an outsider playing white knight on this issue for no reason. Perhaps that is true to some extent, but I only opened this talk page because I used to be Bahá’í and seeing the lead image did indeed shock me. I was then bothered because it seemed that MOS:SHOCK concerns were not given much consideration, or at least not as much as in the Muhammad article.
 * PS: Woodroar's comment was posted after mine. Imyxh (talk) 09:18, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 November 2023
Hello, I am a Baha'i and am humbling requesting that the photograph of Baha'u'llah be removed from the page, or at least put towards the bottom with a disclaimer. It is currently there as a portrait. Baha'u'llah's photograph is considered sacred to us and only to be viewed in a setting of reverence, and by placing it on the Wikipedia page it opens it up to online desecration through photoshopping and idolatry. The Baha'i Faith has very similar rules about depictions of religious figures to Islam, and this matter is nearly identical to not having illustrations of the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) on his Wikipedia page. I am asking you to remove it out of respect for Baha'u'llah and his followers worldwide. Thank you. Napoleondehuette (talk) 01:33, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree, honestly, but standing precedent means the best we can hope for is an option to hide the image. Education-over-easy (talk) 02:05, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Removing the image in question based on its religious significance to certain people would violate the principle of neutrality that Wikipedia seeks to uphold. Wikipedia refrains from censoring its content in favour of any specific faith. Removing content that people find offensive while balancing that with neutrality would rapidly become impossible. Maxx-♥ talk and coffee ☕ 17:46, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree, removing or collapsing the image is not an option for Wikipedia. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  21:10, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Tone and Neutrality
Is it just me, or does this article read differently from others on Wikipedia?

It goes into extreme specifics about mundane, ordinary details and it reproduces the narrative style of the sources it relies on in many instances.

This article reads like it is based on primary, not secondary, sources and fails to adopt a consistent, neutral, and obective tone throughout.

I'd say it needs an overhaul.

Image24 (talk) 04:52, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Reposting my comment from August 2023: "This article was re-written in December 2021, discussed here. All three editors commenting on the proposal noted that the re-write has a neutrality problem and it needs further work. The lead was re-written but I think everyone currently active would agree that most of the article needs NPOV improvement... The article should present the subject with the weight found in modern reliable sources (independent experts that have done the synthesis of the primary sources)."
 * So yes, I agree, and I have a huge stack of sources to work with, but it would take days. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  19:03, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

Picture of Baha’u’llah
It was my understanding that to view a picture of Baha’u’llah, one needed to make a pilgrimage to Haifa. Only pictures of Abdul’Baha were shown publicly. 104.247.231.251 (talk) 13:59, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * If you'd rather not see the image, there are instructions at the top of the page explaining how to do so. Woodroar (talk) 16:16, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

Picture of Baha'u'llah
Bahá’ís prefer not to have the picture of Baha’u’llah displayed in public. Bahais will display the picture of Abdul Baha, Baha’u’llah’s son and the perfect exemplar of the Baha’i Faith in their homes but not the picture of Baha’u’llah. Bahá’ís are asked to treat the image of any Manifestation of God with extreme reverence. It is for this reason we could replacing the picture of Baha’u’llah with Abd'u'lbaha. It maybe a picture of Abdul Baha would be better than a blank. Dariush.farrokhi (talk) 07:44, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

 * If you would like to hide the image (for yourself), there are instructions at the top of the page or at Help:Options to hide an image. Cheers! Woodroar (talk) 15:25, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Having a photo of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as the main image for an article about Baháʼu'lláh doesn't really make much sense. You can just do what Woodroar said and hide the image for yourself. Unpicked6291 (talk) 14:56, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baháʼu'lláh


text:
User talk:Saed~enwiki

email
Hi saed! didnt you receive my email? --Cyprus2k1 09:57, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Shoghi-Effendi.jpg
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 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Saed. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Saed~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:23, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Saed~enwiki


text: User talk:81.196.137.203

title: User talk:81.196.137.203


text:
Autozam Revue

The Autozam Revue is a subcompact car that was sold by Autozam, introduced in 1990. The demise of that marque led to the cars being renamed as the Mazda Revue in some markets. The car was also sold in many export markets as the Mazda 121, where it replaced the previous 121 that had been based on the first-generation Ford Festiva.

The Revue was available in most markets as a small four-door saloon with an optional canvas sunroof added in February 1991. Its unconventional, tall and rounded look with a very short, separate trunk caused some consternation. While everyone else was chasing aerodynamics, the tall Revue/121 had a very uncompetitive. 1.1-, 1.3- and 1.5-litre engines were offered, with either five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission.

In 1996, the 121 name was shifted to export versions of the Mazda Demio, a tall, five-door hatchback, which became exported as the Mazda2 in its second generation. A Ford Fiesta, assembled at Ford's Valencia plant barely modified, but rebadged as the Mazda 121, was also sold in some markets after 1996 (where the Demio was sold at the same time with its original name). Sales of the Revue ended in Japan in June 1998.

Australia
The Mazda 121 was often referred to as the "bubble car" or "jellybean" or "the hat" with the car's colour often added to the latter, for example: The little green jellybean. Australian models came standard with the 1.3 litre engine paired with the standard 5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic transmission. The 1.5-litre engine was added to the Australian range in 1994 and was used until 1996. This generation was sold alongside its successor, the Mazda Demio also baring the 121 nameplate, for a short time between 1996 and 1997.

Europe
Sold as the Mazda 121 from 1991 until 1996, the unconventional saloon was first replaced by a badge-engineered Ford Fiesta, and shortly afterwards also by the Mazda Demio 5-door estate. Sales in Europe were generally meager, in part because it was priced very close to the larger 323. At the time of introduction, European-market cars were typically fitted with the 16-valve 1.3-litre engine with 73 PS, with the 1.5 being reserved for Japan. Mazda also offered the 1.1-litre version of the engine for certain European markets where the tax and insurance regulations suited it.

In Belgium and the Netherlands, it is often referred as "de Bolhoed" (the Bowler Hat) because of its bubble shape.

Engines

 * 1991.01–1994 : 1.1 L (1,138 cc) B1, SOHC 8V, carburetor, 54 PS at 5,600 rpm, 8.8 kgm at 3,600 rpm (Europe only)
 * 1990–1996 : 1.3 L (1,324 cc) B3, SOHC 8V, EGI-S, 53 PS at 5,500 rpm, 9.9 kgm at 2,800 rpm
 * 1990–1998 : 1.3 L (1,324 cc) B3, SOHC 16V, EGI-S, 73 PS at 5,600 rpm, 10.5 kgm at 3,600 rpm
 * 1991–1998 : 1.5 L (1,498 cc) B5, SOHC 16V, EGI-S, 88 PS at 6,500 rpm, 12.0 kgm at 4,000 rpm

title: Autozam Revue


text:
Eurobank Ergasias

Eurobank is a financial organisation that operates in Greece, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Bulgaria and the UK. As of December 2018, the Eurobank Group counts, 58 billion EUR in assets, 653 customer service locations in Greece and abroad, and 13,162 employees.

Eurobank has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

History
The bank was incorporated in 1924 as “V. Karavasilis Tobacco Company and Bank SA”. In 1937 it was renamed “Karavasilis Bank SA” and in 1952 “Professional Credit Bank SA”. In 1964 it was acquired by the National Bank of Greece, who renamed it Bank of Athens in 1992.

The Euromerchant Bank SA (Ευρωεπενδυτική Τράπεζα ΑΕ, ) was founded in 1990. It took over 75% of EFG Private Bank (Luxembourg) S.A.'s operations in 1994. In 1997 it was renamed EFG Eurobank SA and acquired Interbank Greece SA and the branch network of Crédit Lyonnais Grèce SA. In February 1999 EFG Eurobank SA merged with Cretabank SA.

In March 1999, Bank of Athens merged with EFG Eurobank SA. In 2000 the bank changed its name to EFG Eurobank Ergasias SA after taking over the renowned Ergasias Bank. In 2002 it acquired Telesis Investment Bank, followed by UnitBank in 2003. A financial products subsidiary was founded in 2007 (49.9% owned by employees).

In 2012, the bank sold 70% of the Polish branches called Polbank to Raiffeisen Bank International.

In 2012, the Spiros Latsis associated Eurobank EFG merger with Giannis Kostopoulos's (Γιάννης Κωστόπουλος) Alpha Bank was cancelled because of the Greek debt crisis. The proposed merger included a capital boost from Qatar Investment Authority of 500 million euro convertible bond and a 1.25 billion euro rights issue which would have Qatar Investment Authority a major shareholder and from Southeast Europe's biggest bank with assets of 150 billion euros and 80 billion euros of deposits.

After the Greek financial crisis and bailouts of Greek banks in 2012, Swiss-Luxembourg based EFG Group—the then owner of Eurobank—was told to separate the Greek bank from the rest of its business. In July of that year Eurobank was deconsolidated from the group and its shares sold to the Greek Latsis family and it was renamed Eurobank Ergasias.

In January 2013, the National Bank of Greece made an offer, which ultimately did not go through, to take over Eurobank Ergasias; 64,000 Eurobank shareholders and the Greek capital market commission agreed. Later in 2013 Eurobank acquired New TT Hellenic Postbank and New Proton Bank.

The bank was the third largest in Greece by total asset by total loans and total deposits, and the fourth by market capitalisation—as at December 2014.

Since 1 February 2015, the chairman and non-executive director of Eurobank Ergasias has been Nikolaos Karamouzis; Fokion Karavias has been the CEO and executive director since the same day. Canadian fund Fairfax Financial are major shareholders, with an 18.2% stake in 2018, that was increased after the takeover of Grivalia Properties until 32.9%.

In the end of year 2015 results, total net loans were 39.9 billion EUR (non performing 43.8%, of which provisions were at 53.3%), customer deposits 31.4 billion EUR, and central bank funding was 24.3 billion EUR.

At the end of 2020, the bad loans of the group reached an amount of €5.7 billion. In March 2020, Eurobank announced a project for reducing its nonperforming loans index from 14% to 9%.

In March 2023, the Greek bank Eurobank sold its Serbian unit to AIK Banka for €280 million, becoming Serbia's second-largest financial conglomerate.

Major acquisitions

 * In 1998, 78.23% of Bulgarian Postbank was taken over.
 * In 2000 Acquisition of a 19.25% participation in Bancpost in Romania, which was later increased
 * In 2002 EFG Eurobank Ergasias – Telesis Investment Bank merger. Acquisition of 50% in Alico / CEH Balkan Holdings leading to a 43% participation in Postbank Bulgaria
 * In 2003 Merger through absorption of "Ergoinvest S.A.". Merger by absorption of "Investment Development Fund S.A.". Establishment of Euroline Retail Services (Romania) - 80% Eurobank Cards and 19.961% Bancpost. Establishment of Eurocredit Retail Services (Cyprus) as a 100% subsidiary of Eurobank Cards.
 * In 2004 Establishment of Euroline Retail Services AD (Serbia) - 100% subsidiary of Eurobank Cards
 * In 2006 Acquisition of 100% of Nacionalna štedionica–banka in Serbia and forming Eurobank a.d.
 * In 2006 Acquisition of 70% of Tekfenbank, which is a Turkish bank, 99.3% of Universal Bank in Ukraine and 74.3% of Bulgarian Postbank in Bulgaria
 * On 23 December 2012, Eurobank sells all its shares (70%) of the Tekfenbank to Kuwait's Burgan Bank.
 * During 2014, Eurobank receives a total of $1.55 billion from several investors including Wilbur Ross (€37.5 million) and the Prem Watsa founded Fairfax Financial Holdings (€400 million).
 * On 16 January 2015, Eurobank asks Greek Central Bank for Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA)
 * On 17 July 2015 the subsidiary Postbank (Bulgaria) buys the Bulgarian branches of fellow Greek lender Alpha Bank.
 * In April 2018, its Romanian subsidiary, Bancpost, was sold to Banca Transilvania, the largest Romanian bank.
 * In November 2018, Eurobank announced the acquisition of the real estate investment company Grivalia Properties, controlled by Fairfax Financial Holdings through its 51% stake. Fairfax increased its stake in Eurobank after the takeover from 18% to 32.9%. In the same month, Eurobank acquired Piraeus Bank's banking subsidiary in Bulgaria (PBB).

Serbia
Eurobank Direktna (Eurobank Direktna akcionarsko društvo Beograd) is a bank founded in 1997, with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. In March 2003, Eurobank acquired 68% of Postbanka AD Beograd and eventually renamed it EFG Eurobank AD Beograd. This was followed by the merger with Nacionalna štedionica Banka. In October 2006, the bank began operating under a single brand, name and visual identity. In 2016, the bank had €1.337 billion in assets and revenue of €18.42 million. In December 2021, the bank merged with Direktna Banka and was renamed to Eurobank Direktna. In November 2023, Serbian AIK Banka bought the majority of shares of the bank, for a total of 280 million euros.

title: Eurobank Ergasias


text:
Category:Autozam vehicles

Automobiles sold under the Autozam marque by Mazda.

title: Category:Autozam vehicles


text:
Colin Moulding

Colin Ivor Moulding (born 17 August 1955) is an English bassist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the core members of the rock band XTC. Moulding wrote their first three charting UK singles: "Life Begins at the Hop" (1979), "Making Plans for Nigel" (1979) and "Generals and Majors" (1980).

Life and career
Moulding is self-taught as a bass player; he was learning rock riffs at the age of 15. He cites Andy Fraser of Free as an early musical influence, and has stated a preference for an intuitive approach to writing and playing rather than study. When writing songs Moulding has used guitars and keyboards rather than the bass guitar.

Outside his work with XTC (and their alter-ego side project The Dukes of Stratosphear), Moulding released a non-charting solo single ("Too Many Cooks in the Kitchen" b/w "I Need Protection") in 1980 under the pseudonym "The Colonel".

In 1986, David Gilmour approached Moulding over becoming Pink Floyd's new bass player following Roger Waters' departure. He turned it down as XTC were in the midst of recording Skylarking.

He later played bass and co-produced one track on the 1994 Sam Phillips album Martinis and Bikinis, and in 2005, he contributed to Billy Sherwood's Pink Floyd tribute album Return to the Dark Side of the Moon, playing bass and singing lead vocal on "Brain Damage".

In 1995, Moulding contributed bass on several tracks of French band L'Affaire Louis' Trio's album L'Homme aux mille vies.

In February 2007, Partridge told music website Pitchfork Media that Moulding was "not interested in music any more, and doesn't want to write". Moulding concurred in having a recent loss of interest in music.

In November 2008, he emerged for an interview about "Making Plans For Nigel" for an installment in the series of interviews by Todd Bernhardt. He gave a two-hour interview in December on the Todd Rundgren fansite, Rundgren Radio.

Moulding made vocal contributions to a Billy Sherwood progressive rock album (The Prog Collective, August 2012), combining with Rick Wakeman on "Check Point Karma". He performed a lead vocal for the song "The Man Who Died Two Times" from the album In Extremis by the progressive rock band Days Between Stations (released 15 May 2013) and appears in the video for the song, released in June 2014.

In 2012, he appeared on Sherwood's tribute album to Supertramp.

Moulding played bass on "High Noon", a track on Anton Barbeau's 2016 release Magic Act, and contributed vocals to the title track of Little World, a 2016 collaboration between Barbeau and Sacramento singer Allyson Seconds. Moulding also appeared in both the "High Noon" and "Little World" videos.

In 2017, Moulding and former XTC drummer Terry Chambers recorded an EP titled Great Aspirations that was credited to "TC&I". It was released on 20 October 2017. In October/November 2018 TC&I, featuring Moulding, Chambers, Steve Tilling, Gary Bamford, Susannah Bevington and Moulding's son Lee, played a series of six gigs at the Swindon Arts Centre. The sets consisted of a selection of Moulding's songs from XTC's career plus material from the TC&I EP and a cover of Andy Partridge's "Statue of Liberty". Highlights of the concerts were released in August 2019 on CD and in download format under the title 'Naked Flames: Live at Swindon Arts Centre'.

Discography
'XTC studio album appearances' ( more correctly 'writing credits')

 * White Music (1978)
 * "Crosswires"
 * "Do What You Do"
 * "I'll Set Myself on Fire"
 * "Dance Band" (CD bonus track)
 * "Heatwave" (CD bonus track)
 * "Instant Tunes" (CD bonus track)
 * Go 2 (1978)
 * "Buzzcity Talking"
 * "Crowded Room"
 * "The Rhythm"
 * "I Am the Audience"
 * Drums and Wires (1979)
 * "Making Plans for Nigel"
 * "Day in Day Out"
 * "Ten Feet Tall"
 * "That is the Way"
 * "Life Begins at the Hop" (CD bonus track)
 * "Limelight" (CD bonus track)
 * Black Sea (1980)
 * "Generals and Majors"
 * "Love at First Sight"
 * "Smokeless Zone" (CD bonus track)
 * ”Ban the Bomb (CD bonus track)
 * English Settlement (1982)
 * "Runaways"
 * "Ball and Chain"
 * "Fly on the Wall"
 * "English Roundabout"
 * Mummer (1983)
 * "Wonderland"
 * "Deliver Us from the Elements"
 * "In Loving Memory of a Name"
 * The Big Express (1984)
 * "Wake Up"
 * "I Remember the Sun"
 * "Washaway" (CD bonus track)
 * 25 O'Clock (1985)
 * "What in the World??..."
 * Skylarking (1986)
 * "Grass"
 * "The Meeting Place"
 * "Big Day"
 * "Dying"
 * "Sacrificial Bonfire"
 * Psonic Psunspot (1987)
 * "Vanishing Girl"
 * "Shiny Cage"
 * "The Affiliated"
 * Oranges and Lemons (1989)
 * "King for a Day"
 * "One of the Millions"
 * "Cynical Days"
 * Nonsuch (1992)
 * "My Bird Performs"
 * "The Smartest Monkeys"
 * "War Dance"
 * "Bungalow"
 * "Didn't Hurt a Bit" (CD bonus track)
 * Apple Venus Volume 1 (1999)
 * "Frivolous Tonight"
 * "Fruit Nut"
 * Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2) (2000)
 * "In Another Life"
 * "Boarded Up"
 * "Standing in for Joe"

Other studio album appearances

Naked Flames (TC&I live album) (2019)
 * Return to the Dark Side of the Moon (2006)
 * "Time" (track 3 - with members of Yes, The Doors, Hurricane...)
 * "Brain Damage" (track 8 - with members of Yes/Asia, The Doors, Mothers of Invention...)
 * (produced by Billy Sherwood)
 * Songs of the Century - An All-Star Tribute to Supertramp (2012)
 * "It's Raining Again" (track 5 - with Geoff Downes)
 * (produced by Billy Sherwood)
 * The Prog Collective (2012)
 * "Chek Point Karma" (track 7 - with Rick Wakeman - CD1)
 * "Check Point Karma" (track 7 - instrumental - CD2)
 * (produced by Billy Sherwood)
 * In Extremis by Days Between Stations (2013)
 * "The Man Who Died Two Times" (track 5 - with Days Between Stations)
 * Magic Act by Anton Barbeau (2016)
 * "High Noon" (bass)
 * Little World by Allyson Seconds and Anton Barbeau (2016)
 * "Little World" (vocals)
 * Great Aspirations by TC&I (2017)
 * "Scatter Me"
 * "Greatness (The Aspiration Song)"
 * "Kenny"
 * "Comrades of Pop"

Solo
 * "The Hardest Battle”/“Say It”(Original demo)/“ The Hardest Battle (first exploratory demo) (2021)

Compilation album appearances

 * Rag and Bone Buffet: Rare Cuts and Leftovers (1990)
 * "Ten Feet Tall" (US Single Version)
 * "Too Many Cooks in the Kitchen"
 * "Looking for Footprints"
 * "The World is Full of Angry Young Men"
 * "I Need Protection"
 * "Officer Blue"
 * "Blame the Weather"
 * A Testimonial Dinner: The Songs of XTC (1995)
 * "The Good Things"
 * Coat of Many Cupboards (2002)
 * "Let's Have Fun"
 * "Sleepyheads"
 * "Find the Fox"
 * "Didn't Hurt a Bit"

Non-album XTC songs

 * "Down a Peg"
 * "Say It"
 * "Skeletons"
 * "Where Did the Ordinary People Go?"

title: Colin Moulding


text:
XL Recordings

XL Recordings is a British independent record label founded in 1989 by Tim Palmer and Nick Halkes. It has been run and co-owned by Richard Russell since 1996. It forms part of the Beggars Group.

It releases an average of six albums a year. The label releases albums worldwide and operates across a range of genres.

1980s and 1990s
Originally launched in 1989 to release rave and dance music, the label began as an imprint of Beggars Banquet's more commercial dance label Citybeat, which was known for records by acts such as Freeez, Rob Base & EZ Rock, Starlight, Dream Frequency and the Ultramagnetic MCs. However, with the success of acts such as the Prodigy and SL2, XL superseded Citybeat in its lineup.

During the early 1990s, XL releases were dance-oriented, ranging from Belgian techno (T99's "Anasthasia") to breakbeat hardcore (SL2's "On a Ragga Tip") to drum and bass (Jonny L's "I'm Leavin'"). This period of XL's history has been recorded on the XL Recordings Chapters compilation series. In 1993, Halkes left XL to form the EMI-owned commercial dance label Positiva, and subsequently his own independent commercial dance label Incentive. After Palmer retired in 1996, Russell took over the business.

Russell later broadened the label's musical horizons, whilst maintaining a credo of working with artists he saw as original and inventive. In 1994, the label released the Prodigy's second album, Music for the Jilted Generation which debuted atop the UK Albums Chart, and in 1997 it released the group's third album, The Fat of the Land which entered atop the British and American charts and went on to be number one in 26 countries.

2000s
June 2000 saw the release of Badly Drawn Boy's The Hour of Bewilderbeast which won the 2000 Mercury Music Prize. The next year, the White Stripes' third album White Blood Cells was released together with reissues of the band's previous albums, The White Stripes and De Stijl. In 2003, XL Recordings won the Music Week A&R award, and also released the White Stripes' fourth album Elephant which was their first UK number one album and eventually reached double platinum certification in Britain. That same year, XL released Dizzee Rascal's first solo album, Boy in da Corner for which Dizzee was awarded the Mercury Prize for the best album of 2003.

In March 2005, M.I.A.'s debut album Arular was released after several months' delay. Thom Yorke, from Radiohead, released his first solo record, The Eraser, on the label in July 2006. In October 2007, Radiohead completed negotiations to sign with XL for physical release of their seventh studio album, In Rainbows. Radiohead subsequently went on to release through XL, and have so far released everything since their eighth studio album The King of Limbs on the label. As director of XL Recordings, Richard Russell was included in a 2007 Evening Standard list of the most influential people in London, and in August of that year M.I.A.'s second album Kala was released—Rolling Stone named it the ninth best album of the decade.

In March 2008, XL added Friendly Fires and the Horrors. In 2009 the label won the "Music Week" Best Independent Label award; Adele won the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards, and at the same ceremony Radiohead won Best Alternative Album for In Rainbows as well as Best Boxed or Special Edition Album. Also in 2009, the xx's debut album xx was released on XL Recordings partner label Young, and in September Giggs was signed.

2010s
On 11 January 2010, XL Recordings released Vampire Weekend's second album Contra, the band's first album to top the US Billboard 200 chart. Gil Scott-Heron's thirteenth studio album I'm New Here was released in February; it was Scott-Heron's first release of original material in sixteen years and would ultimately be his last studio album before his death the following May. Recording sessions for the album took place between 2007 and 2009 and production was handled by XL Recordings-owner Richard Russell.

In July, XL signed Jai Paul, who was shortlisted for BBC's Sound of 2011, and in September the xx's eponymous debut album won the Barclaycard Mercury Prize, acquiring best British and Irish album of the year.

On 24 January 2011, XL Recordings released the album 21 by Adele. In February the (then) 19-year-old OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator was signed for a one-album deal for his debut studio album and commercial debut Goblin. Singer Gil Scott-Heron died in May and his final recordings, I'm New Here (produced by Richard Russell), and the remix album, "We're New Here" made with Jamie xx were released on XL Recordings. The label also released new albums by Radiohead, Friendly Fires, and the Horrors and singles by Jai Paul and Portishead, as well as the Adele Blu-ray/DVD, Live at the Royal Albert Hall.

On 24 April 2012, XL released Blunderbuss, the debut solo record by Jack White. It entered the UK album charts at number one, displacing 21 by Adele. In 2012, XL Recordings was named 'Label of the Year' at the Music Week Awards in London. XL also won awards for 'Best A&R' and 'Best Artist Campaign'. Label head, Richard Russell, became the youngest ever recipient of the lifetime achievement 'Strat Award'.

Sales of Adele's 21 helped increase XL Recordings' bank balance from £3 million to £32 million over 12 months. As of March 2011, XL Recordings had released three albums that had sold over a million copies in the UK: The Prodigy's The Fat of the Land, Adele's 19, and Adele's 21.

In April 2016, Radiohead's Parlophone albums transferred to XL Recordings. A month later, on 8 May, the band released their ninth studio album, A Moon Shaped Pool, through XL to critical acclaim.

XL Studio
In early 2008, Russell transformed the rear garage of the label's Ladbroke Grove headquarters into a small, in-house recording and mixing studio called XL Studio. It served as a makeshift studio space for the label's various artists and his own projects until producer Rodaidh McDonald was assigned in September of that year to manage and properly equip it in preparation for the xx to record their self-titled debut album. According to McDonald, "before Richard brought me in to be Studio Manager, it was just a bit of a free-for-all. Artists could come in and rehearse, demo or write here and things like that ... but it was good idea and we decided we should be stepping it up and making records here." Russell and McDonald were inspired by the success of modest studios such as Hitsville U.S.A. and wanted to create an economic, non-commercial space.

Set up specifically with the xx in mind, XL Studio features little outboard gear and is equipped with a Neotek Élan custom 24-channel mixing console, Yamaha NS10 studio monitors, and instruments that include an upright piano, Roland Juno-60, Moog Prodigy, Vox Continental organ, and Sequential Circuits Pro-One synthesizer. Russell and McDonald augmented the studio to twice its original size after the xx's album, which was done in what became the studio's control room; they incorporated an adjacent office as the studio's live room for musicians.

In 2016, the WSDG completed the construction of a new recording studio in the basement of the XL Recordings offices in New York City.

Notable artists
As of 2024, XL Recordings is home to a range of artists including:

 * Arca
 * BadBadNotGood
 * Burial
 * CASISDEAD
 * Everything Is Recorded / Richard Russell
 * Fontaines D.C.
 * Ibeyi
 * Jack Peñate
 * Jack White
 * Jai Paul
 * Joy Orbison
 * Kenny Beats
 * King Krule / Archy Marshall
 * Makaya McCraven

 * Overmono
 * Peggy Gou
 * Radiohead
 * Ratatat
 * Rostam
 * Sigur Rós
 * Smerz
 * Special Request
 * The Smile
 * Thom Yorke
 * Yaeji

Alumni

 * Adele
 * Atoms for Peace
 * Azealia Banks
 * The Avalanches
 * Basement Jaxx
 * Badly Drawn Boy
 * Be Your Own Pet
 * Beck
 * Bobby Womack
 * Blue Roses / Laura Groves
 * Capitol K
 * Dizzee Rascal
 * Discovery
 * East India Youth
 * Electric Six
 * Eyedress
 * Friendly Fires
 * Giggs
 * Gil Scott-Heron
 * Golden Silvers
 * Gotan Project
 * Holly Miranda
 * The Horrors
 * House of Pain
 * Iceage
 * Jungle
 * Karen Elson
 * Kaytranada
 * Kirin J Callinan
 * Kwes
 * Leila

 * Lemon Jelly
 * Liquid
 * Magistrates
 * M.I.A.
 * Monsta Boy
 * Nines
 * Novelist
 * Nu-Birth
 * Peaches
 * Ratking
 * The Prodigy
 * QT
 * RJD2
 * Roy Davis Jr. feat. Peven Everett
 * Shamir
 * SL2
 * Super Furry Animals
 * Sunless '97
 * The Cool Kids
 * Theoretical Girl
 * Titus Andronicus
 * The Streets
 * Tyler, the Creator
 * Various Production
 * Vampire Weekend
 * Wiki
 * Wiley
 * Willis Earl Beal
 * Zomby
 * Zongamin

Affiliated labels/imprints

 * Paul Institute
 * Young

Formerly affiliated labels/imprints

 * Kaya Kaya Records
 * Terrible
 * Locked On

Inactive affiliated labels/imprints

 * Abeano
 * Concept In Dance
 * HXC Recordings
 * Merok Records
 * New Gen
 * Ore Music
 * Platinum Projects
 * Rex Records
 * Salvia

Other

 * List of electronic music record labels
 * List of independent UK record labels
 * List of record labels

title: XL Recordings