text:
Ili River

The Ili River (ئىلى دەرياسى, Или Дәряси, ; Ile; Или; 伊犁河, ; Йили хә, اِلِ حْ; Или мөрөн, ) is a river in Northwest China and Southeastern Kazakhstan. It flows from the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region to the Almaty Region in Kazakhstan.

It is 1439 km long (including its source river the Tekes), 815 km of which is in Kazakhstan. The river originates from the Tekes and Künes rivers in Eastern Tian Shan. The Ili drains the basin between the Tian Shan and the Borohoro Mountains. Flowing into Lake Balkhash, the Ili forms a large delta with vast wetland regions of lakes, marshes and vegetation.

Name
The river's name is usually taken to derive from Mongolian (, "open, clear, obvious") in reference to its wide central valley. It is also variously derived from Persian or Iranian terms meaning "big river" or "murky" in reference to the water's condition at the confluence of the Kunges and Tekes. Some Uyghur scholars derive it from Uyghur ("hook") after the supposed similarity in the river's shape. Tourist websites sometimes claim the name descends from a Mongolian word meaning "shimmering".

Mentions of Ili river can be traced back to the Mahmud al-Kashgari's dictionary of Turkic languages, the Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk (written in 1072–74). In the book, the author defines it in the following way: "Ili, the name of a river. Turkic tribes of Yaghma, Tokhsi and Chiglig live on its banks. Turkish countries regard the river as their Jayhoun (Amu Darya)."

Chinese region
The upper Ili Valley is separated from the Dzungarian Basin in the north by the Borohoro Mountains, and from the Tarim Basin in the south by the Tian Shan. This region was the stronghold of the Qing administration in Xinjiang in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was occupied by Russia from 1871 to 1881 (from the Yaqub Beg rebellion until the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)).

Presently, the region forms part of Xinjiang's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The main city of the region, Yining (Kulja), is located on the northern side of the river (about 100 km upstream from the international border). Until the early 1900s, the city was commonly known under the same name as the river, 伊犁 (Pinyin: Yīlí; Wade-Giles: Ili). Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County in located on the southern side, which is home to many of China's Xibe people (who resettled there in the 18th century as part of the Manchu Garrison).

There are at least two dams on the Ili's tributary, the Kash River (喀什河), in Nilka County, at 43.86111°N, 82.84778°W and 43.85389°N, 82.80222°W. At least two dams have been constructed on the Ili's left tributary, the Tekes River, and the Qiapuqihai Hydropower Station (恰甫其海水电站) in Tokkuztara County (43.30389°N, 82.48472°W). There is also another smaller dam at 43.39472°N, 82.48889°W, on the border of Tokkuztara and Künes Counties.

Kazakh region
The Ili is the main watercourse of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin. The region of Kazakhstan partially drained by the Ili and its tributaries is known in Kazakh as Zhetysu ('Seven Rivers'). In Russian it is known as Semirechye (meaning the same).

The Kapshagay Hydroelectric Power Plant was constructed between 1965 and 1970 near Kapchagay in the middle reaches of the Ili River. This currently comprises the Kapchagay Reservoir, an artificial 110 km long lake north of Almaty.

The Tamgaly-Tas, a protected site that comprises rock drawings, is located 20 km downstream along the Ili River. The name Tamgaly in Kazakh means "painted" or "marked place", and Tas means "stone".

Ili Delta
The Ili River flows into the southeastern edge of Lake Balkhash, where it forms a large delta of about 8000 km2. The delta is situated between the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert and the Taukum Desert. An area of 9,766 km2 within the delta has been designated as a Ramsar Site. This site has 427 species of plants and 345 species of animals, including important populations of rare species (Dalmatian pelican, goitered gazelle, marbled polecat, white-headed duck, red-breasted goose, ship sturgeon, and others). The delta has also become popular amongst anglers for its wels catfish, which can grow up to over 300 lb. The Ili river ranks third in Kazakhstan after the Irtysh river and the Ural river in terms of water content.

The Government of Kazakhstan plans to join the three sanctuaries Balkash, Karoy and Kukan (situated in the delta) into one National Park. Until 1948, the delta was a refuge of the extinct Caspian tiger. An introduction of the Siberian tiger to the delta has been proposed on account that it is a genetically close relative of the Caspian tiger. A large population of wild boar, the main prey base of the Caspian tiger, can be still found in the delta. There is also a small population of roe deer. In the drier steppes to the south of the delta live saiga antelopes and goitered gazelles.

Reintroduction of the Bactrian deer, another prey of the Caspian tiger, is currently under consideration. Another potential prey species considered to be reintroduced is the Asiatic wild ass.

Historical connections
The Ili River treaty of 638 AD formalized the division of the Western Turkic Kaganate (552–638 AD) into the Nushibi and the Dulu. It also established the Ili River as the border between the two states. In the 21st century, increasing need for water in both China and Kazakhstan makes the management of the cross-border Ili River a topic of concern for environmentalists and politicians in Kazakhstan (who feel that their country may not get enough water flowing in from China any more).

The amount of precipitation in summer reaches 150 - 250 m3.

Fishing
On the river, the most popular type of fishing is fishing of catfish, one of the largest aquatic predators, which may reach 5 meters in length and weigh up to 300 kg. Smaller specimens are usually within 50 –.

Tributaries
The main tributaries of the Ili are, from source to mouth:
 * Tekes
 * Künes
 * Kash
 * Khorgos
 * Charyn, famous for its canyon
 * Chilik
 * Talgar
 * Kaskelen
 * Kurty

title: Ili River


text:
William Hamilton (Jacobite poet)

William Hamilton (1704–1754) was a Scottish poet associated with the Jacobite movement.

Life
Hamilton was born at the family seat in Ecclesmachan, West Lothian. He was the second son of James Hamilton of Bangour, advocate, whose grandfather, James, second son of John Hamilton of Little Earnock, Lanarkshire, founded the Bangour family. On the death of his elder brother, without heir, in 1750, Hamilton succeeded to the estate.

His naturally delicate constitution, as well as his tastes, had all along prevented him from going much into fashionable society, and from his early years he started writing poetry, receiving ready commendation from his friends. Between 1724 and 1727, he contributed lyrics to Allan Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany, and he showed a practical interest in the success of the Gentle Shepherd. This poem is dedicated, 25 June 1725, to the beautiful and much admired Susanna Montgomery, Countess of Eglinton, whose favourable consideration of Ramsay's merits is further solicited by Hamilton in a set of spirited heroic couplets following the dedication. The poet's ardour in his love-songs led, at least in one case, to a feeling of resentment on the part of a lady, who consulted his close friend Henry Home, Lord Kames in her dilemma, and, acting on his advice to profess a return of affection, quickly startled Hamilton into an attitude of distant reserve. Heartily espousing the cause of the Stuarts, Hamilton in his Gladsmuir celebrated the Jacobite victory at Prestonpans. After Culloden he was for a time in hiding in the highlands, and A Soliloquy wrote in June 1746 is charged with a deep feeling of his troubles. Ultimately he succeeded along with others in reaching France. On the intercession of influential friends, he was allowed to return to Scotland, but the great strain had deeply affected his weak constitution, and he found it impossible to remain at home. His last days were spent at Lyons, where he died of consumption, 25 March 1754. His body was brought to Scotland, and buried in the Abbey Church, Holyrood.

Family
Hamilton was twice married, and James, his son by his first wife, a daughter of Sir James Hall, 2nd bart.of Dunglass, succeeded to the estate.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William Hamilton (Jacobite poet)


text:
William Hamilton (comic poet)

William Hamilton (1665? – 24 May 1751) was a Scottish poet. He wrote comic, mock-tragic poetry such as "The Last Dying Words of Bonny Heck" - a once-champion hare coursing greyhound in the East Neuk of Fife who was about to be hanged, for growing too slow. It is written in anglified Scots, with a sprightly narrative and wry comic touches.

Life
Hamilton was born in Ladyland, Ayr (now North Ayrshire), Scotland. In the Familiar Epistles he exchanged with Allan Ramsay, he modestly acknowledges the limitations of his own muse. Ramsay singles out Heck as he suggests there is room for all sorts in poetry. Ramsay's Epistles in return are certainly more skillful, more self-consciously Scots and with lots more allusions to other authors, Ancient and Modern, but they are consequently, less direct than those of Hamilton. Another of Hamilton's poems, Willie was a Wanton Wag, - about a young man who appears at a wedding feast, and enraptures bride and bridesmaids by his "leg" at dancing - appeared in Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany.

The references in the Familiar Epistles to their delight in drinking in the taverns of Edinburgh, and references to thinly disguised mutual acquaintances, point up how well Hamilton was integrated into the literary world of the capital. He is praised by Burns in one of his poems. In his Epistle to William Simpson, Burns mentions Ramsay, Gilbertfield and Fergusson, as poets in whose company fame would be a pleasure. My senses wad be in a creel Should I but dare a hope to speel Wi’ Allan, or wi Gilbertfield, The braes o fame; Or Fergusson, the writer chiel A deathless name.

Hamilton tried his hand at epic poetry in an abridgment in 18th century English of Blind Harry's The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace. "'...wherein the Old, obsolete words are rendered more intelligible and adapted to the understanding of such who have not leisure to study the Meaning and Import of such Parases (sic) without the aid of a Glossary.'" This enthused the young Burns, who records, in his Autobiographical Letter, that it "'...poured a Scottish prejudice in my veins which will boil along there till the flood gates of life shut in eternal rest.'"

He also served in the army and retired with the rank of Lieutenant.

title: William Hamilton (comic poet)


text:
Earl of Stamford

Earl of Stamford was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1628 for Henry Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Groby. This Grey family descended through Lord John Grey, of Pirgo, Essex, younger son of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, and younger brother of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk (father of Lady Jane Grey); Suffolk was executed for treason in 1554 forfeiting his titles (see the Duke of Suffolk for earlier history of the family).

History
Lord John Grey's son Sir Henry Grey was in 1603 raised to the Peerage of England as Baron Grey of Groby, in the County of Leicester. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baron, who was created Earl of Stamford in the Peerage of England in 1628. Lord Stamford later fought as a Parliamentarian in the Civil War. His eldest son Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby, was a leading Parliamentarian in the Civil War. Stamford was one of the judges at the trial of Charles I and one of the regicides who signed the King's death warrant. He predeceased his father and never succeeded to the earldom. Lord Stamford's daughter Lady Elizabeth Grey married George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer, and was the mother of Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington. Stamford was succeeded by his grandson Thomas, the second Earl and the only son of Lord Grey of Groby. Thomas Grey was a politician and served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and as President of the Board of Trade. He was childless and on his death in 1720 the titles passed to his first cousin Harry, the third Earl. He was the son of the Hon. John Grey, younger son of the first Earl. He was succeeded by his son, the fourth Earl. He briefly represented Leicestershire in the House of Commons. Lord Stamford married his second cousin once removed Lady Mary Booth, daughter of George Booth, 2nd Earl of Warrington (on whose death in 1758 the earldom of Warrington became extinct). When Harry Grey, 4th Earl of Stamford died the titles passed to his son, George Grey, the fifth Earl; he sat as Member of Parliament for Staffordshire and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Cheshire. In 1796 the barony of Delamer (which became extinct in 1770) and earldom of Warrington held by his mother's family was revived by his creation as Baron Delamer and Earl of Warrington in the Peerage of Great Britain - he refused the offer of a marquessate, so as to become known as the Earl of Stamford and Warrington in recognition of the great estates he had inherited from the Booth family. He was succeeded by his son, George Grey, the sixth Earl. He represented Aldborough and St Germans in Parliament and was Lord-Lieutenant of Cheshire. His son styled Lord Grey of Groby (1802–1835), was summoned to the House of Lords by a writ of acceleration in his father's subsidiary title of Baron Grey of Groby in 1833; he, however, predeceased his father. Lord Stamford was therefore succeeded by his grandson, George Grey, the seventh Earl. He was the son of Lord Grey of Groby and had already succeeded as ninth Baron Grey of Groby on his father's death. Lord Stamford was a great patron of the Turf. On his death in 1883, the barony of Delamer and earldom of Warrington became extinct (although his wife remained Countess of Stamford and Warrington until her death in 1905).

The seventh Earl was succeeded in the barony of Grey of Groby and the earldom of Stamford by his third cousin once removed the Reverend Harry Grey, as eighth Earl. He was the son of the Reverend Harry Grey, son of the Hon. John Grey, third son of the fourth Earl. He lived in South Africa, and had married his housekeeper Martha Solomons after she had already given birth to two of his children, the elder of whom was a boy. As this son was born before the date of his father's marriage, his illegitimacy prevented his inheriting the title; while a third child, born after the marriage and therefore legitimate, could not inherit the earldom because she was female. More information on this episode can be found in Enthusiasms, essays by the historian Mark Girouard.

The eighth Earl was succeeded by his nephew, William Grey, the ninth Earl. However, it was not until 1892 that the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords confirmed the latter in the title, as the Committee wished to be assured that the marriage contracted by the eighth Earl while he lived abroad had not produced a legitimate heir. On the ninth Earl's death the titles passed to his son, Roger Grey, the tenth Earl. He served briefly as Parliamentary Private Secretary (unpaid) to the Secretary of State for India, Lord Peel, in 1922 and was also Mayor of Altrincham from 1937 to 1938. Lord Stamford never married and on his death in 1976 his family titles became extinct.

Estates
The main family seat of the Earls of Stamford in later years was Dunham Massey Hall, near Altrincham, Cheshire. Dunham Massey was bequeathed to the National Trust by the 10th and last Earl.

Another ancestral seat of the Grey family was Enville Hall, Staffordshire, and the house is occupied by relatives of Catherine Cox, Countess of Stamford and Warrington born 11 October 1826 Sturminster Marshall, Dorset died 29 January 1905 Bradgate House, Groby, Leicestershire. This was devised (bequeathed) by George Harry Grey, 7th Earl of Stamford to his great niece, Catherine Payne, who married Sir Henry Foley Lambert, 7th Baronet (who took the surname Grey) in 1905, and subsequently to his granddaughter. Catherine Payne was the granddaughter of Tamar Cox and a sister of Catherine, Countess of Stamford and Warrington, Catherine Payne's mother was the illegitimate daughter called Sarah Letitia Cox and was one of three illegitimate children born to Tamar Cox. Sarah Letitia Cox was brought up under the wing of her aunt Catherine, Countess of Stamford and Warrington and Catherine also took under her wing Robert Miller Cox illegitimate son of Tamar and who became the estate agent at Dunham Massey Hall.

The 7th Earl had a house which he called Bradgate House built in the village of Groby, Leicestershire and this was designed by the architect Mr. M.J. Dain of Dain and Parsons, London, and built by the local builder Mr. Thomas Rudkin; Bradgate House was completed in 1856 and was also built in the Jacobean style and it has been referred to as the Calendar House because it had 365 windows, 52 rooms, and 12 main chimneys.

Bradgate house in Bradgate park, Leicestershire is often confused with Bradgate House built in the 1850s in the village of Groby, Leicestershire.

Barons Grey of Groby (1603)

 * Henry Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Groby (1547–1614)
 * Henry Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Groby (c. 1600–1673) (created Earl of Stamford in 1628)

Earls of Stamford (1628)

 * Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford (c. 1600–1673)
 * Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby (1623–1657)
 * Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford (c. 1653–1720)
 * Henry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford (1685–1739)
 * Harry Grey, 4th Earl of Stamford (1715–1768), married Lady Mary Booth in 1702
 * George Harry Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford (1737–1819), created Earl of Warrington in 1796
 * George Harry Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford, 2nd Earl of Warrington (1765–1845)
 * George Harry Grey, 8th Baron Grey of Groby (1802–1835)
 * George Harry Grey, 7th Earl of Stamford, 3rd Earl of Warrington (1827–1883)
 * Harry Grey, 8th Earl of Stamford (1812–1890), married Martha Solomons (1838-1916) in 1880
 * William Grey, 9th Earl of Stamford (1850–1910)
 * Roger Grey, 10th Earl of Stamford (1896–1976)

title: Earl of Stamford


text:
File:Ani DiFranco - Out of Range.jpg

Cover for the album Out of Range by Ani DiFranco

title: File:Ani DiFranco - Out of Range.jpg


text:
User talk:Keron Cyst

Hah!
Never thought I'd see you here. - KingRaptor 01:06, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for your great copyedit on Music and mathematics! Matthias Röder 07:36, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

your recent edit here
All non free images (which the image linked above is) need a rationale. I suggest you read WP:RAT.--Rockfang (talk) 22:20, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

response
But what else is there to add? I mean, the image is being used in the article Ground Control. It's a non-free game screenshot, as its licensing shows. I stated a description of the image (well, until it was reverted, anyways), which contained a link to said article. Is there a free content template, then? Are you asking me to use the template in the middle of that page you linked? I honestly can't see what you're proposing, because from what I can tell, what I had put covered the fair use rationale requirement. Keron Cyst (talk) 16:57, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok. Let's look at the image before I arrived at it.  There is a line labeled "To the uploader".  It tells you to add a rationale and gives you a link where you can find out more info.  On that page (near the top) it states you need:
 * An appropriate copyright tag (which is already there)
 * A detailed fair use rationale. A separate rationale must be provided each time the image is used in an article. The name of the article the image is used in must be included in the rationale.
 * If you check out the "Necessary components" section of that page (link here), it shows what exactly is needed:
 * What proportion of the copyrighted work is used and to what degree does it compete with the copyright holder's usage? For example, if the image is a photograph or logo, the entire work is likely being used.  A screenshot that reveals the most important discovery of a documentary or the ending of a movie, for example, though a very small portion of the work, may disproportionately compete with the copyright holder's use. In the case of a music sample, the length should be no longer than 10 percent of the song's original length or 30 seconds, whichever is shorter.
 * If applicable, has the resolution been reduced from the original? In the case of music samples, has the quality been reduced from the original?
 * What purpose does the image serve in the article? If applicable:
 * Is the image a logo, photograph, or box art for the main subject of the article?
 * Is the image being used as the primary means of visual identification of the subject or topic? (e.g., a corporate logo or the box art of a DVD)
 * Does it illustrate the topic of the article? (e.g., a screen shot from a movie)
 * Is it used for commentary on a particular topic? How?
 * To what degree is the image replaceable by a free content image?
 * If the image is a screenshot of a movie that for an article about the movie, or a corporate logo, there is obviously no such thing as a "free" version of it - all of the resources in the world could not produce one. If, on the other hand, the image is a photograph, the image is more easily replaced, even if Wikipedians may lack the resources to create a replacement.
 * Any other information necessary to assist others in determining whether the use of this image qualifies for fair use.
 * None of those items were on the page. There are 2 ways to add this required info to an image's page.  By using a template, or by not using one.--Rockfang (talk) 01:54, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

re
I flat-out disagree.
 * A separate rationale must be provided each time the image is used in an article. The name of the article the image is used in must be included in the rationale.

The image was used once, and the name of the article was in the rationale—we agree with that.
 * What purpose does the image serve in the article?

You have got to be kidding me! What is the purpose of all images throughout Wikipedia? So I have to put "The purpose of this image is to graphically present content from or an example" (the example being a screenshot from a program—in this case, the game) "from the article to other users" for all of my images? I see no other images throughout the entire website with such an obvious explanation, and I don't understand why you nitpick at mine specifically.
 * Does it illustrate the topic of the article? (e.g., a screen shot from a movie)

Yes, it did. Everyone could understand clearly that it was a screenshot from a computer game. The description it bore showed this as well (what else can the phrase "... from Ground Control" mean?).
 * Is it used for commentary on a particular topic? How?

Yes, it exampled a controllable unit in the game, specifically the Artillery Terradyne, which is a famous and useful unit in Ground Control. And I quite specifically described that the graphic depicted the Artillery Terradyne launching a barrage.
 * To what degree is the image replaceable by a free content image?

It's ironic how the guidelines demand me of an answer for this while that very free-content article is itself riddled is with no-original-research templates and missing citations. But it's a screenshot anyways so I guess I'm guilty of not putting "It's a screenshot, so it's virtually impossible to be replaced." Valid point!

You'll probably want to look through the rest of my images and delete them all, too, since I guess I pretty much did the same for them. You can start in the Gunroar article; all of those images were taken by me. And find all the blocks of descriptions too. Make sure you check out the rest of the ABA Games articles, too, and rid them of their "original research," even when they're all backed by each of their official linked websites. Be sure to make them no less graphically barren than they were before I came along. You'll probably want to put in stub templates back in place that I correspondingly removed as I stepped in, in that case.

(I'd probably not be so bitter if the deletion date wasn't yesterday. Now it's irreversible and I never kept a copy of the orig. file. I'm not going to try to reupload again since my attempts to help this otherwise great encyclopedia will apparently be hypocritically rejected. I've NEVER had a problem with ANY of my images until now.) Keron Cyst (talk) 21:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
 * If you would like the WP:NFCC and WP:RAT pages to change, you could possibly suggest changes on their talk page.--Rockfang (talk) 03:41, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Hm... I'll consider it. Thanks for the idea. Keron Cyst (talk) 22:31, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

American spelling
Hello. I noticed two articles in which you changed "honor" to "honour" and one in which you changed "programmes" to "programs". Please note this passage from Manual of Style:
 * for example, it is unacceptable to change from British to American spelling unless the article concerns an American topic.
 * for example, it is unacceptable to change from British to American spelling unless the article concerns an American topic.

If you look at the style manuals I think you'll find this gone into at greater length, and probably some relevant discussions on the talk pages. Michael Hardy (talk) 02:33, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

 * ... more specificallly: see the section called National varieties of English in Manual of Style, and the manual called Manual of Style (spelling). Michael Hardy (talk) 02:37, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:WZ2100Skirmish.PNG
Thanks for uploading Image:WZ2100Skirmish.PNG. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 10:07, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:SS1-.PNG)
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title: User talk:Keron Cyst


text:
James Hannay (writer)

James Hannay FRSE (17 February 1827 – 9 January 1873), was a Scottish novelist, journalist and diplomat.

Early life
Hannay was born at Dumfries, Scotland, on 17 February 1827. His father, David Hannay (1794–1864), a member of the Speculative Society at Edinburgh University, 1813–14, and author of Ned Allen, or the Past Age, 1849, was engaged in business in Dumfries. The family had some reason for believing that they were descended from the Hannays of Sorble. In James Hannay, the belief was sufficiently strong to influence his studies, inclining him to study heraldry and family history.

Naval career
Hannay entered the Royal Navy on 2 March 1840, on board HMS Cambridge (1815), and served in her during the blockade of Alexandria in the Syrian war, and had therefore no share in the operations of Sir Charles Napier's squadron at Acre. From Cambridge he passed in succession to the sloop HMS Snake (1832) in 1842, the corvette HMS Orestes (1824) in 1843, and HMS Formidable (1825) in 1844. His tastes and his impatience both of routine work and control unfitted him for the life of a naval officer. Very soon after entering the service, he began to devote himself to general reading, and even studied Latin with a priest at Malta. With the instinct of a born journalist, he started a manuscript comic paper to ridicule the admiral and captains on the Mediterranean Station. At a later period, he was wont to confess that he had been a somewhat insubordinate midshipman.

In 1845, Hannay and two brother-officers were tried by court-martial and dismissed the service. The finding of the court was generally thought to have been vindictive, and it was subsequently quashed on the ground of informality. Hannay was not, however, employed again, nor did he seriously seek for employment.

Journalist
From 1846 onwards till his appointment as consul in 1868, Hannay worked on the press and at literature. His first engagement was as a reporter on the Morning Chronicle, in which capacity he relied more on his remarkable memory than on his knowledge of shorthand. In the meantime, he was reading zealously in the British Museum. At the end of 1847, he worked with Henry Sutherland Edwards on Pasquin, a very short-lived comic paper, and the forerunner of the somewhat happier Puppet Show, which lasted from 1848 to 1849.

In 1848, he began using his naval experiences, and wrote the first of the stories which were afterwards collected in his Sketches in Ultramarine, published in 1853. In 1848, he first made the acquaintance of Thackeray and Carlyle, to whom he was proud to acknowledge his obligations. He soon improved his literary connection, and worked for papers of good position, for the quarterlies and magazines, till he became editor of the Edinburgh Evening Courant in 1860.

During these years he published his best work, his two naval novels, Singleton Fontenoy (1850) and Eustace Conyers (1855), and the volume of lectures on Satire and Satirist, delivered at the Literary Institution, Edward Street, Portman Square, in 1853, and collected in book form in 1854. It was during these years also that he began to write the essays to the Quarterly, afterwards collected into a volume, and that he taught himself to read Greek.

In 1857, he contested without success the representation of the Dumfries Burghs in parliament. He stood as a Tory, and was defeated by William Ewart. From 1860 to 1864, he edited the Edinburgh Evening Courant. The zeal with which he attacked conduct and persons he disliked caused his management of the paper to be somewhat conspicuous.

In 1863 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being William Edmonstoune Aytoun.

Consul
In 1864, he returned to London, and remained there till he was appointed consul at Brest by Lord Stanley, in 1868. During these years, he published his Studies on Thackeray (1869), his Three Hundred Years of a Norman House (1866), a portion of a history of the Gurney family, and his Course of English Literature (1866), a reprint of articles contributed years before to the Welcome Guest. Hannay did not proceed to Brest, but exchanged this post for that of Barcelona in Spain. Although he continued to write for papers and magazines, chiefly for the Pall Mall Gazette and the Cornhill, he published no more books.

Death
Hannay's death occurred very suddenly on 9 January 1873 at Putchet, a suburb of Barcelona.

Family
Hannay was twice married, first, in 1853, to Margaret Anne Thompson (1833–1865), who was the niece of the artist Kenny Meadows, and who died in 1865; and then, in 1868, to Jean Hannay, a lady of the same name, but of no traceable relationship, who died in Spain in 1870. He had by the first marriage six, and by the second one child, who survived him.

Principal works

 * Biscuits and Grog, 1848
 * A Claret-Cup, 1848
 * Hearts are Trumps, 1848
 * King Dobbs, 1849
 * Blackwood v Carlyle, 1850
 * Singleton Fontenoy, 1850
 * The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe: With a Notice of His Life and Genius, 1853
 * Sketches in ultra-Marine, 1853
 * Sand and Shells, 1854
 * Satire and satirists. Six lectures, 1854
 * Eustace Conyers, 1855
 * Essays from The Quarterly Review, 1861
 * A Brief Memoir of the Late Mr. Thackeray, 1864
 * Characters and Criticisms, 1865
 * A course of English literature, 1866
 * Three hundred years of a Norman house; the barons of Gournay from the 10th to the 13th century, with genealogical miscellanies, 1867
 * Studies on Thackeray, 1869

title: James Hannay (writer)


text:
Out of Range (album)

Out of Range is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Ani DiFranco, released in 1994.

Personnel

 * Ani DiFranco – acoustic guitar, percussion, piano, electric guitar, steel guitar, vocals
 * Colleen Allen – saxophone
 * Chris Brown – piano
 * Stephen Donald – trombone
 * Scot Fisher – accordion
 * Alisdair Jones – bass
 * Sarah McElcheran – trumpet
 * Andy Stochansky – dumbek, drums, backing vocals

Production

 * Ani DiFranco – producer, art director
 * Ed Stone – producer, engineer
 * Scot Fisher – photography

title: Out of Range (album)


text:
Utsuls

The Utsuls ([]; ) are a Chamic-speaking East Asian ethnic group which lives on the island of Hainan and are considered one of the People's Republic of China's unrecognized ethnic groups. They are found on the southernmost tip of Hainan near the city of Sanya.

History
The Utsuls are thought to be descendants of Cham refugees who fled their homeland of Champa in what is now modern Central Vietnam to escape the Vietnamese invasion. After the Vietnamese completed the conquest of Cham in 1471, sacking Vijaya, the last capital of the Cham kingdom, a Cham prince and about 1,000 followers moved to Hainan, where the Ming dynasty allowed them to stay. Several Chinese accounts record Cham arriving on Hainan even earlier, from 986, shortly after the Vietnamese captured the earlier Cham capital of Indrapura in 982, while other Cham refugees settled in Guangzhou.

While most of the Chams who fled Champa to Cambodia, a small business class fled northwards. How they came to acquire the name Utsul is unknown.

Their population was greatly reduced during the Second Sino-Japanese War by the Japanese that more than 4,000 Chams were killed in Sanya as Chinese armies were hiding among them from the invading Japanese. Hundreds of Utsul Muslim houses and mosques in Sanya were destroyed by the Japanese in order to build an airport.

Discrimination
In 2020, it was reported that Beijing had started a religious crackdown aimed at the Utsul community as part of their political efforts. Restrictions included limiting the size of mosques, requiring a Chinese Communist Party member on mosque management committees, forbidding the use of Arabic words on food stalls (such as "halal"), and forbidding the wearing of hijab.

Identity
Although they are culturally, ethnically and linguistically distinct from the Hui, the Chinese government nevertheless classifies them as Hui due to their Islamic faith. From reports by Hans Stübel, the German ethnographer who made contact with them in the 1930s, however, their language is completely unrelated to any other language spoken in mainland China.

Genetics
A genetic study by Li et al. (2013) suggested that the surviving Utsat were genetically much closer to the indigenous Hlai people than to the Cham and other mainland southeast Asian populations. The study suggests that there was high assimilation of the indigenous Hlai in the formation of the Utsat.

Family names
Some common Utsul family names include Chen, Ha, Hai, Jiang, Li, Liu and Pu.

Famous people

 * Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia. His maternal grandfather is of Utsul descent.

title: Utsuls


text:
Alfred Gatty

Alfred Gatty (18 April 1813 – 20 January 1903) was a Church of England vicar and author.

He was born in London to Robert Gatty, a solicitor, and Margaret Jones, and was educated first at Charterhouse and then at Eton College. In 1831 he entered Exeter College, Oxford, graduating in 1836. He was ordained a deacon in 1837 and was appointed as curate of Bellerby in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He was ordained priest in 1838, and was appointed vicar of Ecclesfield on 23 September 1839, a position he held until his death. In 1861 he was appointed as rural dean and in 1862 as subdean of York Minster.

Gatty received the degree Doctor of Divinity (DD).

On 8 July 1839 he married Margaret Scott, daughter of Rev. Dr. Scott, a chaplain to Lord Nelson. They had ten children (though two died in infancy), including the judge Stephen Herbert Gatty, the author Juliana Horatia Ewing, antiquary, author and lecturer Charles Tindal Gatty and the officer of arms and composer Alfred Scott-Gatty. Margaret died in 1873, and in 1884 Alfred Gatty married Mary Newman.

He died at Ecclesfield on 20 January 1903, in his 90th year.

Publications
With Margaret Gatty:
 * 1842—Recollections of the Life of the Rev. A. J. Scott, DD, Lord Nelson's Chaplain
 * 1860—Travels and Adventures of the Rev. Joseph Wolff
 * 1861—The Old Folks from Home
 * 1872—The Book of Sundials

As sole author:
 * 1848—The Bell: its Origin, History, and Uses
 * 1881—Key to Tennyson's 'In Memoriam'
 * 1873—Sheffield, Past and Present
 * 1884—A Life at One Living

In 1869 he published an enlarged edition of Joseph Hunter's Hallamshire.

title: Alfred Gatty


text: Talk:Out of Range (album)

title: Talk:Out of Range (album)


text:
Augustus Hare

Augustus John Cuthbert Hare (13 March 1834 – 22 January 1903) was an English writer, painter, and raconteur.

Early life
He was the youngest son of Francis George Hare of Herstmonceux, East Sussex, and Gresford, Flintshire, Wales, and the nephew of Augustus William Hare and Julius Hare. Augustus Hare was born in Rome; he was adopted by his aunt, the widow of Augustus Hare, and his parents renounced all further claims to him. His autobiography The Story of My Life (1896–1900) details both a devotion to his adopted mother, Maria, and an intense unhappiness with his home education at Buckwell Place. He spent one year at Harrow School in 1847 but left due to ill health. In 1853, he matriculated at University College, Oxford, graduating in 1857 with a BA.

Career
Hare was the author of a large number of books, which fall into two classes: biographies of members and connections of his family, and descriptive and historical accounts of various countries and cities. To the first belong Memorials of a Quiet Life (about his adoptive mother), Story of Two Noble Lives (about Countess Canning and the Marchioness of Waterford, sisters and artists), The Gurneys of Earlham (about the Gurney family of bankers and social reformers of Earlham Hall near Norwich), and an autobiography in six volumes. This last included a number of accounts of encounters with ghosts. A reviewer in the New York Times concluded that "Mr Hare's ghosts are rather more interesting than his lords or his middle-class people".

He also compiled numerous travel books, including a couple for John Murray, as well as many others under his own name, such as Walks in Rome, Walks in London, Wanderings in Spain, Cities of Northern, Southern, and Central Italy (separate works), Days near Rome and Sussex. A number of his travel books were revised in later editions by the historian Welbore St Clair Baddeley (1856–1945).

Hare was a friend to the barrister Basil Levett and his wife Lady Mary Levett, the daughter of the Earl of Shaftesbury, to whom Hare left a painting in his will. ("Basil Levett or his wife Lady Margaret Copy of the Last Communion of S Jerome by Domenichino.")

Hare died unmarried in 1903, and was buried in Herstmonceux.

Holmhurst

Hare spent his money on purchasing and refurbishing a house in Baldslow, Sussex, near Hastings, which he named Holmhurst St Mary.

In his biography of Somerset Maugham, writer Ted Morgan mentions that Hare, whom he refers to as "the last Victorian," befriended Maugham, who became a frequent guest at Holmhurst.

After Hare's death, the house was taken by Admiral Sir Lewis Beaumont and family, and then from 1908 Sir John Gordon Kennedy and family. In 1913 the estate was purchased by the Community of the Holy Family, an Anglican order of teaching nuns, with a focus on art and scholarship. Their mother foundress, Agnes Mason, who had formed the community in London in 1896 and later brought it to Sussex, recognised the house and gardens as a piece of Italy – specifically Florence – in England. The girls' school that the nuns ran there, from the 1930s to the 1980s, was known as St Mary's Convent School, the Ridge. Its best-known pupil was Joanna Lumley, an "army brat" who boarded in the 1960s: "I especially loved my second boarding school, an Anglo-Catholic convent in the hills behind Hastings. The nuns wore blue stockings and were brainy and lovely. There were 70 boarders and I was happy as a clam."

List of works
Travel guides:
 * A Handbook for Travellers in Berks, Bucks and Oxfordshire, (John Murray, 1860)
 * A Winter at Mentone, (Wertheim, Macintosh & Hunt, 1862)
 * A Handbook for Travellers in Northumberland and Durham, (John Murray, 1863)
 * Walks in Rome, (Daldy, Isbister & Co., 1871) 2 vols.
 * Wanderings in Spain, (Strahan & Co., 1873)
 * Days Near Rome, (Daldy, Isbister & Co., 1875) 2 vols.
 * Cities of Northern Italy, (Daldy, Isbister & Co., 1876) 2 vols.
 * Walks in London, (Daldy, Isbister & Co., 1878)
 * Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1883)
 * Cities of Central Italy, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1884) 2 vols.
 * Florence, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1884)
 * Venice, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1884)
 * Sketches in Holland and Scandinavia, (George Allen, 1885)
 * Studies in Russia, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1885)
 * Paris, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1887) 2 vols.
 * Days Near Paris, (Smith, Elder & Co., 1887)
 * South-Eastern France, (George Allen & Unwin, 1890)
 * South-Western France, (George Allen & Unwin, 1890)
 * North-Eastern France, (George Allen & Unwin, 1890)
 * Sussex, (1894)
 * North-Western France (Normandy and Brittany), (George Allen, 1895)
 * The Rivieras, (George Allen, 1897)
 * Shropshire, (George Allen, 1898)
 * Sicily, (William Heinemann, 1905) posthumous single volume edition, revised by St Clair Baddeley
 * Cities of Southern Italy, (William Heinemann, 1911) posthumous single volume edition, revised by St Clair Baddeley

Autobiography:
 * The Story of My Life, (George Allen, 1896–1900) 6 vols.

Biography:
 * Memorials of a Quiet Life, (Strahan & Co., 1872–76) 3 vols.
 * Life and Letters of Frances, Baroness Bunsen, (Daldy, Isbister & Co., 1879) 2 vols.
 * The Story of Two Noble Lives: being Memorials of Charlotte, Countess Canning, and Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, (George Allen, 1893) 3 vols.
 * Life and Letters of Maria Edgeworth, (Edward Arnold, 1894) - as editor
 * The Gurneys of Earlham, (George Allen, 1895) 2 vols.
 * Biographical Sketches: being Memorials of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster, Henry Alford, Dean of Canterbury, Mrs. Duncan Stewart etc., (George Allen, 1895)

Other:
 * Epitaphs for Country Churchyards. Collected and Arranged, (John Henry & James Parker, 1856)
 * Letters to Crown-Prince Gustav V (unpublished) - he had conducted the future King on a tour of Rome
 * Last Will and Testament (unpublished)

title: Augustus Hare


text:
Augustus William Hare

Augustus William Hare (17 November 1792 – 22 January 1834) was a British writer who was the author of a history of Germany.

Life
Hare was the son of Francis Hare-Naylor and his wife, the artist Georgiana, daughter of Jonathan Shipley, Bishop of Llandaff and Bishop of St Asaph. He was born in Italy.

His godmother was his mother's sister Anna Maria, widow of Sir William Jones. She enabled him to attend Winchester College, and New College, Oxford, in the latter of which he was for some time a tutor. Weak health prevented him especially distinguishing himself, but in 1810 he was elected to a vacancy at New College. With his school-friends he established one of the first Oxford debating clubs, The Attic Society, which supplied his chief interest at college.

Lady Jones wished him to qualify himself for the rich family living of Hurstmonceaux, Sussex, by taking orders, but he offended her by refusing. In the last years of his undergraduate life, he offended the college authorities by an attempt to extinguish the privileges of founder's kin at Winchester and New College, and he printed an attack, in the form of a letter to his friend George Martin, on the privilege which permitted New College men to graduate without public examinations. After a long absence in Italy, Hare returned to New College as a tutor in 1818. In June 1824 he published a defence of the Gospel narrative of the Resurrection, entitled A Layman's Letters to the Authors of the "Trial of the Witnesses". In 1825, he was ordained in Winchester College Chapel. With his brother Julius, Hare wrote Guesses at Truth, an "influential miscellany" of essays.

On 2 June 1829, having been recently appointed to the small college living of Alton Barnes in Wiltshire, Hare married Maria Leycester, daughter of the rector of Stoke-on-Terne, Shropshire. Entering the Church, he became incumbent of the rural parish of Alton Barnes during the last three years of this life. While there, he wrote at least two volumes of sermons, which were published posthumously by his brother Julius.

His failing health obliged them to go for the winter to Italy, where he died at Rome, 18 February 1834. The same year, his nephew and namesake, Augustus Hare, was born. He was buried at the foot of the pyramid of Caius Cestius, in the old Protestant cemetery. His widow, who survived till 13 November 1870, went to live in the parish of her brother-in-law Julius, and is buried in Hurstmonceaux churchyard.

title: Augustus William Hare


text:
Henry Harland

Henry Harland (March 1, 1861 – December 20, 1905) was an American novelist and editor.

Biography
Harland was born in Norwich, Connecticut, in 1861, the son of Fourierist Thomas Harland, who had been a one-time roommate of editor and author Edmund Clarence Stedman. He was raised in New York and, after the Civil War, the Harlands lived in a German Jewish section of the city.

Harland attended the City College of New York and briefly Harvard Divinity School. In May 1884, he married Aline Herminie Merriam, who shared his artistic interests. His literary career falls into two distinct sections. During the first of these, writing under the pseudonym Sidney Luska, he produced a series of highly sensational novels, written with little regard to literary quality. His novels written under this persona in the 1880s became the first popularly-read books to feature the American Jewish experience, which Harland both celebrated and criticized. Harland's depictions were met with wide criticism from the Jewish community. One review in the Philadelphia-based Jewish Exponent said one of his books was "grossly inartistic" and expressed "condescension" and "vulgar assumption towards Jews". Kaufmann Kohler in The Menorah complained that, in Harland's novels "the Jews, as a class, lack refinement".

But in 1889 Harland moved to London and fell under the influence of the Aesthetic movement. He began writing under his own name and, in 1894, became the founding editor of The Yellow Book. The short story collections of this new period, A Latin Quarter Courtship (1889), Mademoiselle Miss (1893), Grey Roses (1895), and Comedies and Errors (1898), were praised by critics but had little general popularity. He finally achieved a wide readership with The Cardinal's Snuff-box (1900), which was followed by The Lady Paramount (1901) and My Friend Prospero (1903). Hamlin Garland met him around this time and noted that he had affected a fake English accent. Garland recalled, "his 'extraoinary' English accent was comical. He spoke quite like the caricatured Englishman of our comedy stage. He is completely expatriated now and unpleasantly aggressive in his defense of England and English ways." Harland's last novel, The Royal End (1909), was incomplete when he died. His wife finished it according to his notes. He died in 1905 at Sanremo, Italy, after a prolonged period of tuberculosis.

After his death, Henry James wrote positively about both Harland and The Yellow Book, though he had previously disparaged both.

Works

 * As It Was Written: A Jewish Musician's Story (1885)
 * Mrs Peixada (1886)
 * My Uncle Florimond (1888)
 * Grandison Mather (1889)
 * Mademoiselle Miss, and Other Stories (1889)
 * Two Women or One? From the Mss. of Dr. Leonard Benary (1890)
 * The Yellow Book, An Illustrated Quarterly. Vol. 1, April 1894
 * The Yellow Book, An Illustrated Quarterly, Vol. 2, July 1894
 * Grey Roses (1895)
 * The Yoke Of The Thorah (1896)
 * Comedies and Errors (1898)
 * The Cardinal's Snuff-Box (1900)
 * The Lady Paramount (1902)
 * My Friend Prospero (1903)
 * The Royal End: A Romance (1909)

title: Henry Harland


text:
Beit Lahia

Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (بيت لاهيا) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.

Geography
The word "Lahia" is Syriac and means "desert" or "fatigue". It is surrounded by dunes, some of which rise to 55 m above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large sycamore fig trees. The city is known for its fresh, sweet water, berries and citrus trees. According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.

Roman period
Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins. The town has been identified as the Bethelia and had originally a pagan temple.

According to the 5th century historian Sozomen, whose family had lived in the town for several generation, the townspeople started converting to Christianity due to the hermit Hilarion who is attributed to have healed miraculously a citizen called Alaphion. An eremitic center was founded around the year 360 in the village, housing around four anchorites who were disciples of Hilarion. Ceramics from the Byzantine period have been found.

Early Islamic period
A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicating the direction of salah (Muslim daily prayers), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatimid Caliphate and beginning of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin, and two other mosques dating to the Gaza Sanjak of the Ottoman era. Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near Ghazzah", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".

Mamluk period
A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an epitaph over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of Rajab 897 (=29 April-9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by Mujir al-Din, which ravaged Palestine in 1491–2.

Ottoman Empire
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Damascus Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiyah (subdistrict) of the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 Muslim households and paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Lahia experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to Bedouin pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village located in the Gaza district.

In May 1863, Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it: "[P]eopled by 250 inhabitants, it occupies an oblong valley, well cultivated, and surrounded by high sand-dunes, which cause a great heat. It is a little oasis, incessantly menaced by moving sand-hills, which surround it on every side, and would engulf it were it not for the continued struggle of man to arrest their progress."

An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.

In 1883 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south [..] There is a small mosque in the village."

Mandatory Palestine

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Lahia had a population of 871 inhabitants, all Muslims, increasing by the 1931 census to 1,133, still all Muslim, in 223 houses.

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 Muslims and the land area was 38,376 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals, while 18 dunams were built-up areas.

Post-1948
On 4 January 2005, seven civilian residents of Beit Lahia, including six members of the same family, were killed, with the incident blamed on shelling by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the agricultural area where they were working.

On 9 June 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells while picnicking on the northern Gaza beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family. The IDF disputed they were responsible. The town was a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel during the Gaza War (2008–2009) and has been a battlefield between Israel and Hamas.

The Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike occurred on 3 January as part of the Gaza War when an Israeli missile hit the Ibrahim al-Maqadna Mosque during evening prayer. Witnesses said over 200 Palestinians were praying inside at the time. At least 14 people, including six children, were killed, and many more than 60 wounded.

In December 2023, the Israel Defense Forces began their offensive towards Beit Lahia in order to surround Gaza City entirely. Israel launched airstrikes on targets which they claimed held Hamas militants. Though they launched several assaults on the city, Israel did not fully occupy Beit Lahia. Rather, they had encircled the town and occupied the surrounding villages and farmland. In January 2024, Israel withdrew from the majority of North Gaza, and a ground connection between Palestinian-controlled Gaza City was re-established. In April 2024, Israel withdrew all territories in the Gaza Strip except for the Netzarim Corridor, returning the northern villages such as As-Siafa back to Palestinian control until the second Israeli invasion of northern Gaza in May 2024 as a result of Hamas regrouping in some areas there. By June 2024, Gaza's Civil Defence stated the destruction in Beit Lahia "defies imagination".

Demography
Some of Beit Lahia's residents trace their origins to Egypt, while others are Bedouins who migrated from the Mount Hebron area.

title: Beit Lahia


text:
Canadian Party of Labour

The Canadian Party of Labour was a Marxist–Leninist political party in Canada. The CPL was not an electoral party, but a revolutionary party attempting to assemble a mass movement of workers and affiliated organizations who could lead a communist revolution. It was a fraternal party of the Progressive Labor Party in the United States until circa 1979, when the two organizations disagreed over the question of Quebec self-determination. The group was in existence from the late 1960s to the early 1980s and was most active in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec where a number of its members achieved office in the United Steel Workers of America and the Canadian Union of Postal Workers.

The party described its decision-making process as "democratic centralism":

Decisions are reached through broad discussion within the party. The clubs, city executives and national committee of the party are all involved in democratic discussion to develop and modify the lines. Once a decision is arrived at we rely on centralism to see that it is carried out. What is important is that decisions are not only widely discussed, but that they are implemented as well. There's nothing more undemocratic than an organization that decides nothing because it is always "discussing", and therefore never implementing the will of the majority of its members.

title: Canadian Party of Labour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Timor (Ravenloft)

Timor (Ravenloft)
Moved from speedy deletion candidates. Description of place in Ravenloft D&D campaign setting. No vote, 'cause I haven't bothered to see how detailed our articles are on these topics, and I can't say I've picked up a D&D book in awhile. Postdlf 04:16, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge into Ravenloft and redirect. p.s. see Talk:Hazlan for a previous VFD discussion on some Ravenloft domains - for some reason, nothing was done at the end of that discussion, despite all the votes being to either delete or merge & redirect. Odd. —Stormie 06:21, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Ravenloft. I wish I shared Stormie's sense of surprise. Geogre 13:08, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge & redirect to Ravenloft. --*drew 13:10, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge & redirect to Ravenloft. Nadavspi 18:41, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. --Improv 20:54, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Ravenloft, possibly add a Geography header, not sure about warrantign a redirect, though. --Asmodai 22:20, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * The redirect is not so much because Timor (Ravenloft) is a link people are likely to hit, but because it's the quickest and easiest way to satisfy the GFDL requirements - if we delete it, rather than making it a redirect, we've destroyed the edit history which credits the original creator. —Stormie 12:53, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merged and redirected this and Hazlan to Ravenloft domains, and am in the process of doing so with all articles linked from list of Ravenloft domains. -Sean Curtin 01:04, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Al Hubbard (activist)

Alfred H. Hubbard is a U.S. Air Force veteran of the Korean War, anti-war and civil rights activist, former executive secretary of Vietnam Veterans Against the War and poet.

He grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and entered the Air Force planning to make it his career. He was forced to take an early retirement in 1966 after suffering an injury during a plane crash. After leaving the service, he enrolled at the University of Washington and earned an undergraduate degree.

Military
Hubbard enlisted in the United States Air Force in October 1952, reenlisted twice and was honorably discharged after 14 years of service. At the time of his discharge, he was an instructor/ flight engineer on C-124 Globemaster with the 7th Air Transport Squadron, McChord Air Force Base, Tacoma, Washington. Hubbard was awarded a Korean Service Medal, United Nations Medal, National Defense Medal, four Good Conduct Medals, Air Force Longevity Service Award, Air Force Unit Award and Air Force Expeditionary Medal. He was a flight engineer with the 22nd Troop Carrier Squadron at Tachikawa Air Force Base, Japan.

Hubbard was injured in a military plane crash and is registered with the VA with a service-connected disability rating of 60 per cent.

Anti-war and civil rights activism
In the fall of 1969, Hubbard joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and became an active organizer for the group.

During the publicity generated by the April, 1971 anti-war protest march on Washington DC, Hubbard made claims about his rank during interviews that he later admitted were false. He was introduced on Meet the Press as a decorated Air Force captain who had spent two years in South Vietnam. After receiving a tip that Hubbard was a sergeant and not a captain, NBC contacted Hubbard about the discrepancy. Hubbard admitted to lying about being an officer, and publicly acknowledged it when he appeared on the Today Show the following morning. Frank Jordan, then Washington Bureau Chief of NBC News, recalls Hubbard's explanation for why he claimed to be an officer, "He was convinced no one would listen to a black man who was also an enlisted man."

William Overend in the National Review reported that a Defense Department news release stated: "Alfred H. Hubbard entered the Air Force in October 1952, re-enlisted twice and was honorably discharged in October 1966, when his enlistment expired. At the time of his discharge he was an instructor flight engineer on C-123 aircraft with the 7th Air Transport Squadron, McCord (sic) Air Force Base, Tacoma, Washington. There is no record of any service in Vietnam, but since he was an air crew member he could have been in Vietnam for brief periods during cargo loading, unloading operations or for crew rest purposes. His highest grade held was staff sergeant." Defense Department officials stressed it was still possible Hubbard could have served in Vietnam, flying in and out from Tacoma.

Historian and author of Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veteran's Movement, Gerald Nicosia commented on the Hubbard military record controversy: ... service people doing covert missions, such as rangers going across the border in Laos, into North Vietnam, etc., never had those actions put into their records. Al Hubbard was on similar covert missions, flying in a supply plane to the French when they were fighting the Viet Minh in the fifties. It doesn't surprise me that those flights were not in his record. He did lie about being an officer, when he was a career sergeant, because the press kept paying more attention to his co-leader John Kerry, a decorated officer. Also, Hubbard never claimed to have been wounded in combat; his back was hurt when his plane crashed on a runway. When I interviewed him in 1992, he was on medical disability from the Air Force.

title: Al Hubbard (activist)


text:
Talk:Toronto Stock Exchange

Toronto Stock Exchange
I'm pretty sure that NASDAQ has a larger trading volume than the TSX, making it "the largest stock exchange in North America to choose a floorless, electronic (or virtual trading) environment". The NASDAQ's inception date (1971), as a digital marketm is also well before the time the TSX went digital (1997).

TSX
The NASDAQ is not a stock exchange but an OTC market place with a central quotation system. The contra party to all orders is a market maker and client orders do not get posted to the book. It is an over the counter marketplace as opposed to a stock exchange. Therefore, the TSX was the largest North American exchange to abandon the trading floor. It is true that the NASDAQ far exceeds the TSX in tading volume and market capitalization, and even NYSE in volume of shares traded.

Comparing Dow Jones Industrial Average and the TSX Composite Index
It seems to be a rather meaningless comparison, so I'm going to remove it for the time being.

opening paragraph redundant
says third largest twice and other things twice//////////////////

What about the TSE?
An article about the Toronto Stock Exchange is deficient if it doesn't have a single mention of the TSE. It was renamed from the TSE to the TSX only in 2001, which means that it was known as the TSE for more than 123 years. The history portion of this article should be written to acknowledge the TSE as the historical name that it was. I know nothing of stocks and markets so I won't make the changes myself, but I remember well the traditional name for this entity and emplore somebody to make the revisions. TimothyPilgrim 15:48, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

TSX Sub-Indices
Is there a source for the sub-indices? Is it useful to have that information here?24.81.98.134 20:13, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Technology Used
Are there any confirmed reports on the technology used in the TSX? I heard it was a custom application running on Linux and UNIX servers. Is this true? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.221.94.160 (talk) 07:45, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Odd emphasis
Why does the article specifically mention the 1999 appointment of Barbara G. Stymiest as president and CEO? They've no doubt had many others in that job, and the article doesn't mention the others. Is she the current president and CEO? Is she more notable than the others for some other reason? 184.94.124.236 (talk) 12:41, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I believe that she is more notable because she was the first female president of any stock exchange in the world. I know that this is really late, but in case you're still on Wikipedia.... :)

DoggieTimesTwo 04:53, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

YBM Magnex International Inc
WP has no article on YBM Magnex International Inc, yet this TSX fraud must be great interest given the prior issues with other Canadian exchanges.

G. Robert Shiplett 14:47, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

List Standards
I'll be maintaining the list of companies with the following standards:
 * Only one share class per issuer (so the banks with many preferred shares are only listed once). The symbol listed is the primary symbol.
 * No ETFs
 * No structured financial/investment companies (e.g. Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Company Limited)

The idea is that each entry could have an unique Wikipedia article, even if it doesn't yet have one. -Mparrault (talk) 16:38, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

Updated TSX place to 10th largest
Updated TSX as the 10th largest stock exchange by market cap, as is mentioned in this Wikipedia article. One of the sources in that article being "[|Top 10 Stock Exchanges in the World 2023]". Edu Dwar. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-14. CraftierBark8 (talk) 07:18, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toronto Stock Exchange


text:
Hilary A. Herbert

Hilary Abner Herbert (March 12, 1834 – March 6, 1919) was Secretary of the Navy in the second administration of President Grover Cleveland. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama.

Biography
Herbert was born in Laurensville, South Carolina in 1834, and moved with his family to Greenville, Alabama in 1846. He was educated at the University of Alabama and the University of Virginia, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Eta chapter). He practiced law in Greenville until the Civil War.

Herbert entered the Confederate Army as a second lieutenant. He served as captain of the Greenville Guards, and was later promoted to the rank of colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Alabama Infantry. Herbert was wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness May 6, 1864.

After the war, Herbert returned to his law practice in Greenville, Alabama. He was elected to Congress in 1877 from Montgomery, Alabama as a Democrat. He served eight terms in this office. During his tenure as Congressman, Herbert was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs and was largely responsible for the increased appropriations which led to the revival of the United States Navy. However, he was among those who favored a more limited program than the one proposed by Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy in 1890, which called for 40 battleships; only four battleships were authorized as a result. Tracy had been influenced by the works of naval strategist Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, which called for a large fleet capable of offensive action. Herbert also became well known for leading a charge in Congress to reduce the funding of the United States Geological Survey, resulting in a public feud with paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh.

Herbert espoused racist views during his tenure in Congress, namely in his opposition to the Reconstruction Acts. Herbert vocally opposed the acts and any granting of suffrage to African Americans, speaking in congress and claiming African Americans were unfit to have such rights. He claimed "the granting of universal suffrage to the Negro was the mistake of the nineteenth century".

In 1893, President Grover Cleveland appointed Herbert as Secretary of the Navy. By this time Herbert was able to muster support for an enlarged navy, despite the Depression of 1893, and brought the fleet to some level of preparedness for the Spanish–American War. Having converted to Mahan's school of naval thought, five battleships (the Kearsarge-class battleship and Illinois-class battleship classes) and sixteen torpedo boats were authorized during Herbert's tenure.

From 1897, when he left his Cabinet seat, to his death on March 6, 1919, six days before his 85th birthday, Herbert practiced law in Washington, D.C.

Namesake
USS Herbert (DD-160) was named in honor of Secretary Herbert.

title: Hilary A. Herbert


text: File:Ani DiFranco - Not a Pretty Girl.jpg