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Kevin Campbell

Kevin Campbell may refer to:

 * Kevin Campbell (baseball) (born 1964), American baseball player
 * Kevin Campbell (footballer) (1970–2024), English football player
 * Kevin Campbell (hurler), Irish player of hurling
 * Kevin Campbell (politician) (born 1949), New Zealand politician
 * Kevin Campbell (scientist), American scientist
 * Kevin T. Campbell, U.S. Army general
 * Kevin Campbell (bowls) (born 1950), South African lawn bowler

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kevin Campbell


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Mantle (geology)

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial planets (including Earth), a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.

Earth

The Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Its mass of 4.01 × 1024 kg is 67% the mass of the Earth. It has a thickness of 2900 km making up about 84% of Earth's volume. It is predominantly solid, but in geological time it behaves as a viscous fluid. Partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges produces oceanic crust, and partial melting of the mantle at subduction zones produces continental crust.

Other planets
Mercury has a silicate mantle approximately 490 km thick, constituting only 28% of its mass. Venus's silicate mantle is approximately 2800 km thick, constituting around 70% of its mass. Mars's silicate mantle is approximately 1600 km thick, constituting ~74–88% of its mass, and may be represented by chassignite meteorites.

Moons
Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede have silicate mantles; Io's ~1100 km silicate mantle is overlain by a volcanic crust, Ganymede's ~1315 km thick silicate mantle is overlain by ~835 km of ice, and Europa's ~1165 km km silicate mantle is overlain by ~85 km of ice and possibly liquid water.

The silicate mantle of the Earth's moon is approximately 1300–1400 km thick, and is the source of mare basalts. The lunar mantle might be exposed in the South Pole-Aitken basin or the Crisium basin. The lunar mantle contains a seismic discontinuity at ~500 km depth, most likely related to a change in composition.

Titan and Triton each have a mantle made of ice or other solid volatile substances.

Asteroids
Some of the largest asteroids have mantles; for example, Vesta has a silicate mantle similar in composition to diogenite meteorites.

title: Mantle (geology)


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International Baby Food Action Network

The International Baby Food Action Network, IBFAN, consists of public interest groups working around the world to reduce infant and young child morbidity and mortality. IBFAN aims to improve the health and well-being of babies and young children, their mothers and their families through the protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding and optimal infant feeding practices. IBFAN works for universal and full implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and Resolutions.

IBFAN was set up in 1979 due to the efforts of various individuals including Gabrielle Palmer through UNICEF and the WHO.

In 1998 IBFAN received the Right Livelihood Award. The RLA Jury has honoured IBFAN “for its committed and effective campaigning over nearly twenty years for the rights of mothers to choose to breastfeed their babies, in the full knowledge of the health benefits of breastmilk, and free from the commercial pressure and misinformation with which companies promote breastmilk substitutes.”

IBFAN's principles are:
 * 1) The right of infants everywhere to have the highest level of health.
 * 2) The right of families, and in particular women and children, to have enough nutritious food.
 * 3) The right of women to breastfeed and to make informed choices about infant feeding.
 * 4) The right of women to full support for successful breastfeeding and for sound infant feeding practices.
 * 5) The right of all people to health services which meet basic needs.
 * 6) The right of health workers and consumers to health care systems which are free of commercial pressures.
 * 7) The right of people to organise in international solidarity to secure changes which protect and promote basic health.

title: International Baby Food Action Network


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August Blanche

August Blanche (17 September 1811 – 30 November 1868) was a Swedish journalist, novelist, and politician.

Life
August Theodor Blanche was born in Stockholm, Sweden, the illegitimate child of a servant girl and a priest. His mother eventually married Johan Jacob Blanck, a blacksmith, and the boy took his stepfather's name. A brilliant student, in 1838 he obtained a law degree and for a time, worked as a civil servant until taking up journalism. In the early 1840s, he began writing plays for the theater as well as translating plays from foreign languages into Swedish. By the middle of the decade, he was writing novels and short stories of intrigue, all of which met with a great deal of success.

An activist, in 1859 Blanche was elected to the Riksdag of the Estates where he served until 1866. He died of unknown causes two years later, on 30 November 1868, on the way to participate in the unveiling of the statue of King Charles the XII, which he had lobbied for.

August Blanche is interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.

title: August Blanche


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You've Got to Believe in Something

You've Got to Believe in Something is the third studio album by American rock band Spin Doctors, released in 1996. It is their first album without founding guitarist Eric Schenkman who had left the band during the tour to support their previous studio effort. Schenkman was replaced by Anthony Krizan who co-wrote the album with the rest of the group. "She Used to Be Mine" was released as the first single. An excerpt from the song "If Wishes Were Horses" was used as the theme song for the sitcom Spin City in seasons 2 and 3.

Track listing
Note
 * Immediately following the bonus track, a brief passage from "I Can't Believe You're Still With Her" is played over and over on a kazoo as Tommy Chong objects.

Personnel

 * Spin Doctors
 * Chris Barron – lead vocals, harmonica
 * Anthony Krizan – guitar, backing vocals
 * Mark White – bass
 * Aaron Comess – drums
 * Additional musicians
 * Kevin Bents – keyboards on "Where Angels Fear to Tread"
 * Biz Markie – backing vocals on "That's The Way (I Like It)"
 * John Bush – congas on "She Used To Be Mine"
 * Tommy Chong – kazoo
 * Babi Floyd – backing vocals on "You've Got To Believe In Something", "I Can't Believe You're Still With Her", "She Used To Be Mine" and "If Wishes Were Horses"
 * Diva Gray – backing vocals on "You've Got To Believe In Something", "She Used To Be Mine" and "If Wishes Were Horses"
 * Robin Clark – backing vocals on "You've Got To Believe In Something"
 * Frank Floyd – backing vocals on "You've Got To Believe In Something"
 * Frankie La Rocka – shaker on "Where Angels Fear To Tread"
 * Arnie Lawrence – saxophone on "Sister Sisyphus"
 * Bernie Worrell – keyboards on "You've Got To Believe In Something", "She Used To Be Mine" and "If Wishes Were Horses"
 * Production
 * Producers: Peter Denenberg, Danny "Kootch" Kortchmar
 * Engineer: Peter Denenberg
 * Assistant engineers: Derrick Garrett, Thom Leinbach, Robert L. Smith, Jr.
 * Mastering: Ted Jensen
 * Photography: Paul LaRaia

title: You've Got to Believe in Something


text: User talk:67.124.198.79

title: User talk:67.124.198.79


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P. Briault

Paul Briault was a French astronomer.

Between 1916 and 1918 he observed the surface features of Mercury and published his maps as one of the first available at the time.

A crater on Mars was named in his honor.

title: P. Briault


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File:Spin Doctors - Here Comes the Bride.jpg

Summary
Cover for the album "Here Comes the Bride" by Spin Doctors


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British Rail Class 116

The British Rail Class 116 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1957 to 1961. Introduced as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan in the mid 1950s, as with other first generation DMUs the 116 was intended to replace steam trains and reduce costs across the rail network. Alongside Metro-Cammell, BR Derby had prior experience with DMUs, having developed a Lightweight Unit, and so was awarded a contract for a new design.

Background and design
BR ordered the type in large numbers but Derby Works could not keep up with demand, with 108 three-car sets being built in all. Variants of the type, British Rail Class 117 and British Rail Class 118 were built by Pressed Steel and the BRC&W respectively under licence. These units were originally ordered for use on suburban and local services in the Birmingham area, but many found their way to other areas such as South Wales.

The type was powered by twin BUT 11.3 l six-cylinder diesel engines, each producing 150 bhp with mechanical transmission. The type came in two or three car formations; in a three-car set, the trailer (centre carriage) was unpowered. Built of an all steel construction, the 116 and its variants were classed as heavyweight DMUs but were capable of speeds of 70 mph (110 km/h).

Like other BR Derby output, the type underwent testing on the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway which had been closed to passenger trains by the mid 1950s.

The class were similar in design to the Class 114, sharing the same heavyweight steel chassis but were fitted out as high-density sets, built for short-distance, high-capacity services, and so were built without gangways or toilets, although gangways were later fitted on some units. The Class 117 and 118 types were equipped with toilets however. They were originally capable of accommodating 262 passengers. On introduction, they were heavily marketed based on their appeal to commuters, and offered cheap fares.

Some sources claim that the Class 116 had issues such as poor ride and weak build quality, causing difficulties in later service.

West Midlands
Twenty nine 116 units (50050-50078, 59000-59028 and 50092-50120) were first introduced into service on 17 June 1957, operating from Birmingham Snow Hill. The 116 was used extensively around the commuter belts of Birmingham before being used on longer routes to Oxford and Worcester from spring, 1958. The type was a familiar sight on the Cross City Line, the Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line and across the West Midlands for the next thirty years, including services between Leamington Spa and Stratford-Upon-Avon. Several units were painted in West Midlands PTE livery.

The 116s were refurbished several times in their lifetime, but with the electrification of the Cross City Line, the type was wound down in the area along with the Class 101, with which it worked in tandem with. Withdrawal started from November 1992 and they were fully replaced by EMUs on 12 July 1993.

From the mid 1960s, surplus units were transferred to the Eastern and Scottish Regions. The first three Class 116 units were transferred to Scotland in October 1966, initially on-loan to Hamilton depot, but the move became permanent in November, and by December that year eight units were based at Hamilton.

Scotland
The Scottish 116 units were put to work immediately. Initially with eight sets available, they worked out of Glasgow Central to East Kilbride, Barrhead, Kilmarnock, Kilmacolm, sometimes reaching Largs and Edinburgh via Shotts. By July 1972, a total of fourteen sets were in service. The class was repainted in Trans Clyde livery, and were used on longer routes between Glasgow and Ayr.

Hamilton Depot closed in August 1982 and so the class 116 fleet was reallocated to Eastfield. In theory the units were out-based at Corkerhill, continuing to work services out of Glasgow Central. After electrification, the 116's were phased out of use. The last 116 unit left service in Scotland in March 1987, being returned to the Birmingham area in favour of the Class 107 which returned to service after an overhaul of the fleet.

South Wales
The 116 was extensively used in South Wales, being belatedly introduced on 2 December 1957 in the Cardiff Valley region. Originally intended to be introduced in September, a lack of vehicles caused the delay into service. They were housed at Canton depot. Just as in the Birmingham region, the new trains were heavily advertised. The units were used for the next 30 years almost exclusively in the South Wales area, but did occasionally work services to Bristol and Bath.

With the introduction of Sprinters, the 116 became obsolete and were slowly withdrawn from service in favour of British Rail Class 150s starting in 1987. The final 116s were withdrawn from Wales on 18 September 1992.

Eastern Region
The Eastern region based 116 units were based at Stratford, running services to and from Liverpool Street and Kings Cross. They had been transferred from the Western region with a view to running a Kings Cross - Cambridge all DMU service. A delay in introducing new trains to the London region from the Chiltern area saw the 116 pressed into service to fill the gap.

Later use
The 116 fleet and its variants were extensively refurbished in the late 1970s. The carriages were renovated with new interiors including gangways, improved lighting and improvements to the onboard heating. The work was awarded to BR Swindon. The type was subsequently seen in use everywhere from Tyneside to Devon.

Still in extensive use across the West Midlands during the 1980s, eventually the 116s were joined by brand new Class 150 trains beginning in 1984, with the aim of phasing out the older DMU.

By the early 1990s, the 116 units had aged to the point where hybrid sets were created from available serviceable stock. The 116 had originally been designed for short-distance commuter services, so did not have a toilet. Hybrid sets usually had a toilet to overcome this problem. They stayed in regular service until 1990, when they began to be withdrawn from traffic along with other first generation types. The age of the trains along with concerns about corrosion and the asbestos used during the initial building and subsequent renovations were the reasons given.

They were gradually replaced on regional services by the new "Sprinter" derivative units, or by Class 323 electric multiple units on services around Birmingham, with several units still being used until the final day of diesel running before electrification. The remaining units in use were transferred to Tyseley depot to partially replace the retired British Rail Class 114 and their workings in Lincolnshire.

The final units lasted in traffic until around June 1995. However, a few saw further use in departmental service, as sandite or route-learner units. Several of this class have been saved for preservation.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 16 November 1960, W50083/W59033/W50125 which was operating a journey from Neath to Treherbert when the leading car, W50125 was struck by a runaway coal train headed by ex-GWR pannier tank 9737, on the single line track at Pontrhydyfen Junction. The driver was killed.
 * On 11 June 1974, Set 152 was involved in a fatal accident at Pollokshield East when it was in collision with Class 311 EMU no 108. The cab end of SC50874 was severely damaged, and was never repaired, with the vehicle officially withdrawn 16/2/76.
 * In early hours of 3 August 1983, Set 116391 was being returned from a Works visit, conveyed on the rear of a parcels train from London, when it derailed and caught fire at Portobello on the East Coast Main Line. As the vehicles were asbestos contaminated the unit was withdrawn in October 1983 and eventually disposed of by burial in Paterson's Tip, Mount Vernon in July 1984.

Pacer substitution
Several units were allocated to Heaton TMD in the late 1980s to carry out Pacer replacement services during the latter's troubled introduction period. During this time, the individual cars were often mixed into hybrid sets with, for example, class 119 vehicles. Services worked included Bishop Auckland to Saltburn.

Parcels use
Three units were converted to carry parcels traffic and reclassified as Class 130, though the individual coaches were not renumbered. The units involved were: To provide extra capacity, they worked with modified General Utility Vans (GUV) as centre trailers.
 * 50819 + 50872
 * 50862 + 50915
 * 51137 + 51150
 * W50915 reverted to standard Class 116 configuration in 1977 and transferred to Tyseley

Preservation
5 vehicles have been preserved on heritage railways.

Preserved then scrapped
In addition, the following vehicles were previously preserved at the Swansea Vale Railway, but were scrapped in 2009 due to an arson attack.

 * DMBS 51134/5
 * DMS 51147/8
 * TC 59445

title: British Rail Class 116


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Lantern shield

The lantern shield is a small shield combined with a lantern used during the Italian Renaissance (15th and 16th century Italy) especially for night time duels. A number of specimens survive. Their defining feature is a small circular shield – a buckler – combined with a lantern, or a hook from which to hang a lantern, intended to blind the opponent at night or in duels fought at dawn.

Some more elaborate examples might incorporate gauntlets, spikes, sword blades, and also a mechanism to alternatively darken or release the light of the lantern.

The most peculiar example is the one now kept at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, made in the 1540s.

Swordsmen dueling at dawn are reported to have carried lanterns during the 16th and 17th centuries, and fencing manuals of the period integrated the lantern into their lessons, using it to parry blows and blind the opponent. The manuals sometimes show the combatants carrying the lantern in the left hand wrapped behind the back.

It is believed that the lantern shield was never actually used in combat, but rather for patrolling Italian city streets at night.

The lantern halberd and lantern pistol are other weapons with an integrated lantern. The lantern pistol is an 18th or 19th century flintlock pistol shield and there are two known versions.

title: Lantern shield


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Kevin Campbell (politician)

Kevin Thomas Campbell is a former New Zealand member of parliament for the Alliance, and the party's leader outside of Parliament at its deregistration in May 2015.

Early career
Campbell worked as a milkman, before becoming a police officer. He trained to be a Catholic priest at Holy Name Seminary and Holy Cross College. However he was not ordained. Prior to entering Parliament he qualified as a Barrister and Solicitor and practiced in criminal law.

Member of Parliament
Campbell was the Alliance candidate for the 1998 Taranaki-King Country by-election, and claimed to have "played some small part in bringing about the closer working relationship between Labour and the Alliance as a result of that by-election."

He was a member of the Alliance, having been elected to Parliament as a list MP in the 1999 election, where he stood in the electorate and was placed tenth on the Alliance list.

In April 2002, the Alliance party split and Campbell did not appear on the list issued later that year, where his party lost representation due to not reaching the 5% vote threshold.

Since leaving Parliament Campbell has worked as a Supervising Solicitor at Community Law Canterbury. Campbell ran again as an Alliance candidate in the electorate, seeking to be the replacement for out-going MP Jim Anderton but lost, coming fourth, to Megan Woods, a former member of the Alliance & Progressive parties standing on a Labour ticket.

As of the 2011 election Campbell returned to being an active participant in the Alliance Party and currently sits as the Co-leader of the Party.

title: Kevin Campbell (politician)


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Nicky Campbell

Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell OBE (born Nicholas Lackey; 10 April 1961) is a Scottish broadcaster and journalist. He has worked in television and radio since 1981 and as a network presenter with BBC Radio since 1987.

Early life
Campbell was born in Portobello, Edinburgh, in April 1961, and was taken for adoption at just a few days old. His biological parents were both Irish. His unmarried mother, Stella Lackey, was an Irish Protestant matron at a Dublin hospital. She was single when Campbell was conceived during a secretive affair. She travelled from Ireland to Edinburgh, where she gave birth to her son. His Armagh born biological father Eugene Hughes was then a Catholic policeman, 14 years Stella's junior, and was also formerly an Irish Republican. 18 months before Nicky was born, Stella gave birth to his half-sister, Esther, also taken for adoption.

His adoptive mother, Sheila, was a psychiatric social worker, and his adoptive father, Frank, a publisher of maps. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, an independent school. In July 2022 he disclosed that he witnessed and experienced sexual and violent physical abuse there, which had a "profound effect on [his] life". He studied History at the University of Aberdeen and graduated with a 2:1 degree.

Radio
In his 2021 memoir ‘One of the Family’ Campbell describes his lifelong obsession with radio and how he and his best friend at the time, the actor Iain Glen, would call various Radio Forth phone-in shows pretending to be different characters.

He started working for Northsound Radio in Aberdeen while still at University there, making commercials and writing jingles. In 1983 he was offered his own show, The World of Opera, which aired every Sunday night at 9pm. On one occasion the DJ presenting the late night pop show after him did not turn up and Campbell had to take the reins. Shortly after this he was offered the station's Breakfast Show, which he presented until 1986, when he sent a tape to Capital Radio in London and was given a try-out on the Saturday Afternoon Show. He then took over the Weekend Breakfast Show from Roger Scott and was used as a daytime "dep" for all the main daytime programmes.

The Capital Radio roster at the time included Roger Scott, Kenny Everett, Alan Freeman, Chris Tarrant and David ‘Kid’ Jensen. It was while standing in for Tarrant and also Jensen that the Head of Music at BBC Radio 1 Doreen Davis poached him from Capital and he joined the national network in October 1987.

He first presented the late night Saturday programme but was soon moved to the weekend early show. Towards the end of 1988 he was offered the weekday late night slot which was named Into the Night. He played a wide variety of music and hosted an eclectic selection of guests for long interviews. These included Frank Zappa, David Icke, John Major, the Bee Gees and the Reverend Ian Paisley. He was also regularly joined by Frankie Howerd in the last years of the comedian's life. In August 1993, Campbell also briefly took over a Sunday morning show, following the on-air resignation of Dave Lee Travis.

Campbell left the network briefly in October 1993 to care for his sick wife. He then returned in January 1994 to present the weekday Drivetime show, and in 1995, he took over the afternoon show.

In 1997 he joined the news and sport network BBC Radio 5 Live, when offered the job by Roger Mosey, the station's head. He presented the mid-morning phone in show for 5 years before replacing Julian Worricker in the breakfast slot in January 2003, co-presenting initially with Victoria Derbyshire. In 2001 when Radio 2 wanted a replacement for Jimmy Young, he said that he was the BBC's choice and detailed a series of meetings between himself and the controller of Radio 2. However, the BBC later said that Campbell had initiated the meetings himself, and his public revelations about private negotiations prompted the wrath of the Director General Greg Dyke. From 2004 to 2011, he co-presented the programme with Shelagh Fogarty. In May 2011, Fogarty left the breakfast show and was replaced by Rachel Burden. Campbell started presenting a one hour at 9am phone-in ‘Your Call’ after the main show. Burden and Campbell presented together until 2021 when Campbell moved to a two-hour phone-in programme from nine to eleven every weekday morning.

Between April and October 2023 his show has been broadcast on the BBC News Channel, the iPlayer and BBC2.

His radio career also includes notable work for BBC Radio 2. In January 2019 Campbell presented ‘Engelbert; 60 years of song’, a musical retrospective and in-depth interview with Engelbert Humperdink. Following the success of that programme he interviewed Francis Rossi of Status Quo for another Radio 2 special - Here we Are and Here We Go which was broadcast in May 2019. In August of that year, as part of the Radio Two Beatles pop-up station he presented an hour long interview live from Abbey Road studios with Giles Martin - ‘A Day in the Life - Nicky Campbell meets Giles Martin’.

In his time at BBC Radio Five Live, Campbell has covered four Olympic Games, three Football World Cups and three European Championships and every general election and referendum since 1997. He has won many awards for his Radio Work. In 1999 he was voted Variety Club Radio Personality of the year. He has won several Sony Awards including 5 Gold and in 2017 he and Rachel Burden won the Aria Award for ‘Best Speech Presenter Breakfast.'

In 2014 Campbell was inducted into the Arqiva Radio Academy Hall of Fame which recognises the ‘immense contribution that celebrated broadcasters and presenters have made to UK audio and radio over many years.’

Television
In 1986 he had a short stint on Music Box, the pan-European 24-hour cable and satellite television channel while he was with Capital Radio.

Campbell's first mainstream television was shortly after he joined Radio One in 1987 when he hosted a pop quiz on Grampian TV, The Video Jukebox. The team captains were Gaz Top and Jaki Graham.

In 1989 he presented the channel 'Travelling Talk Show’ from Volgograd in the then Soviet Union. The audience discussion programme addressed the implications of reform under Gorbachev and the effects of Glasnost and Perestroika on ordinary Soviet Citizens. The Travelling Talk Show also went to Bogotá to hear from ordinary Colombians about Pablo Escobar, the Medellín and Cali cartels and the country's narco-wars.

From 1988 to 1997, Campbell was on the roster of regular presenters of Top of the Pops on BBC1.

In 1990 he worked again for Grampian Television making You'd Better Believe It, a quick-fire trivia quiz identifying ‘some very famous faces’.

When the British rights to the Wheel of Fortune were secured by Scottish Television, Campbell got the presenting job after piloting against Eamonn Holmes, and he hosted the show from 1988 to 1996. His co-presenters were first Angela Ekaette, then Carol Smilie and for his final season Jenny Powell. The programme, made prior to satellite broadcasting, aired on ITV reaching audiences of up to 12 million. The UK broadcast rights for the old episodes have in recent years been secured by Challenge TV, and all 8 series he presented are regularly shown on the free-to-air network.

In 1992 he anchored Goal on Sky TV. This was a World Cup based football quiz featuring teams comprising Geoff Hurst, Martin O’Neil and Terry Yorath and in which Campbell posed questions on footage from previous tournaments.

In 1993 he studio-anchored the Big Race, an ITV adventure show in which a team led by the former Blue Peter presenter Peter Duncan drove overland across Europe to Russia, ending up in Siberia and finally crossing the Bering Strait through Alaska and then on to New York months after starting out.

Also in 1993 Campbell hosted Strictly Classified for Granada TV. This was a studio-based magazine show centred around quirky stories from the classified ads in local newspapers. His co-hosts were Pauline Daniels and Jeff Green.

In 1995 he made the ‘Nicky Campbell Show’, a short-lived chat and entertainment programme for BBC Scotland, and in 1996 was a presenter/reporter on Ride On, the Channel 4 motoring magazine.

He made a film for the BBC2 documentary series Leviathan in 1998 entitled Braveheart, in which he looked at Edward I and William Wallace and explored the historical roots of Scottish antipathy, real or imagined, towards the English.

In 1999 he was one of the presenters of the Rugby World Cup for ITV.

Between 1990 and 2001 he presented Central Weekend (also called Central Weekend Live), the influential and controversial late night debate show on Friday night in the Central TV region. Known for the confrontational nature of its studio audience and provocative topics, Campbell was the main presenter but over the years co-presenters on the debate show included Anna Soubry, Adrian Mills, Sue Jay, Claudia Winkleman, Kaye Adams, John Stapleton, Roger Cook, Paul Ross and Shelia Ferguson. On one debate Campbell was attacked live on camera by an irate participant in a debate on Women's Football. Campbell had reprimanded him for using a misogynistic term, threatening him with the ‘red card’. The assailant, Robert Davey, went on the rampage in the studio, on live TV and was subsequently charged and given a 12-month prison sentence.

London's ITV franchise Carlton Television and also Network ITV made versions of the programme, Carlton Live and Thursday Night Live, which were shown between 1996 and 2002. These were also hosted by Nicky Campbell. He presented one series with Richard Littlejohn and then all subsequent ones with Andrew Neil.

In 2001 he took over as presenter/reporter on Watchdog, the long-running consumer affairs show. He remained there until 2009 when he and Julia Bradbury were replaced by Anne Robinson. Before Bradbury his co-host had been Kate Gerbeau.

In 2001, days after the September 11 attacks, Campbell went to New York to host a discussion on the aftermath for Panorama on BBC1, and that year he also did some presenting on Newsnight.

In 2002 he anchored "Your NHS" from London's Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, when the BBC devoted much of the day to a look at the NHS, culminating with Campbell’s interview with the Prime Minister Tony Blair.

In 2003 Campbell fronted David Blaine: The Event as Blaine began an endurance stunt inside a transparent Plexiglas box suspended on the south bank of the River Thames.

In 2004 he launched Now You're Talking, the replacement to the morning Kilroy studio discussion show after the BBC had sacked Robert-Kilroy Silk.

In 2005 he presented The Last Word, a late-night topical debate show from Glasgow.

In 2006, Campbell appeared in the singing show Just the Two of Us, with Beverley Knight.

In 2007 Campbell returned to the game show world for The Rest of Your Life on ITV, a show devised by Dick de Rijk who also created Deal or No Deal. It first aired on ITV May 2007. In each game, a couple tried to win a prize consisting of a series of monthly cheques whose length and value were determined by random choices of which squares on the studio floor to light up.

Campbell featured in an episode of Who Do You Think You Are? that aired 11 July 2007, where he was seen tracing his adoptive family's roots in Scotland and Australia. The research also uncovered his father's involvement in the Battle of Kohima in 1944.

Campbell hosted The Big Questions, an ethical and religious debate show which ran on BBC1 on Sunday morning for 14 series between 2007 - 2021. This amounted to almost 900 studio debates.

In 2009 he presented the second series of the BBC Two quiz show Battle of the Brains.

2009 was when Long Lost Family came to British television, a show which he has presented with Davina McCall through 13 series. In The Times Carole Midgley wrote of the show; ‘Nicky Campbell and Davina McCall have the knack of squeezing out enough emotion to make it a full box of Kleenex show, but stopping short of it being too schmaltzy. Stories this gobsmacking need no ramping up." The programme has launched over 700 searches for missing relatives. It remains one of ITV's highest rating factual shows. Campbell and McCall also present Long Lost Family - What Happened Next and  'Long Lost Family - Born without Trace' which helps foundlings abandoned as babies. The team, led by Ariel Bruce, solve the mystery of their beginnings through DNA testing and detective work. In 2013 Long Lost Family won the Royal Television Society Award for best popular factual programme and in 2014, the BAFTA Award for best feature. In 2021 the programme won best Lifestyle Show in the TV Choice Awards. In 2021 Born Without Trace won the BAFTA for best feature, and in the same year the programme won a Golden Rose for best Factual and Entertainment show at the Rose D’Or International Awards.

In 2013 Campbell returned to BBC1 consumer journalism co-hosting Your Money Their Tricks with Rebecca Wilcox and Sian Williams.

In 2014 Campbell made the documentary series Wanted - A Family of my Own for ITV.

The programmes sought to dispel the myths and misconceptions surrounding what is often seen as the 'complicated' process of adoption, and was granted unprecedented access to the workings of eight local authorities, as well as the lives of parents and children at various stages of the adoption process.

In 2017 he made a documentary for the Women at War series for BBC1 with his adoptive mother Sheila Campbell. He found out more about his her role in World War 2 and her experiences as a radar operator on D-Day. Also that year he took part in All Star Musicals for ITV, performing Razzle Dazzle from the musical Chicago live at the London Palladium.

In 2019 and 2020 he presented both series of the BAFTA nominated Operation Live for Channel 5. This followed life-changing surgery live, in real time, including a brain operation, a total knee replacement and open heart surgery.

In 2021 Campbell presented Manhunt; The Raul Moat Story on ITV1. This was the inside story of how Moat was tracked down, all in the glare of 24-hour rolling news. In June 2023 Campbells documentary made by Summer Film Secrets of the Bay City Rollers was released on ITV, STV AND ITVX. The Guardian - described the film as ‘one of the most disturbing accounts of abuse imaginable…a sensitively told tale of horrific cruelty’. The Times said it was “brave” and ‘shocking’ and ‘moving’. And The Telegraph review described the documentary as ‘horribly fascinating…..a story of unimaginable horror’.

In November 2023 Campbell presented the ‘State Opening of Parliament’ for the BBC from the Place of Westminster. Also in the same month he appeared in the BBC Panorama documentary "My Teacher the Abuser: Fighting for Justice", recounting the abuse he suffered at the hands of Edinburgh Academy teacher Iain Wares, who has been accused of abusing dozens of boys during the 1960s and 1970s.

In February 2024, Campbell participated in the fifth series of The Masked Singer UK as the character "Dippy Egg". He was eliminated and unmasked in the sixth episode.

Voiceover work
Campbell narrates the CBeebies show Our Story, he has also read the bedtime story on CBeebies - Ping and Pong are Best Friends (mostly).

In 2013 he provided the voice-over for the controversial Mentorn documentary ‘When Tommy met Mo’. The documentary spent 18 months filming Tommy Robinson, whose real name is Stephen Yaxley Lennon, the English far-right leader, and Mo Ansar the social commentator, educationalist, Imam and spokesperson for British Muslims who had tried to get the English Defence League banned.

From 2020 Campbell narrated Series 1, 2 and 3 of Motorway Cops Catching Britain’s Speeders on Channel 5, and he also voiced series 2 and 3 of Rogue Landlords, Nightmare Tenants for the network.

Podcasts
Campbell's podcast One of Family won the Dog Desk Radio award in 2021 for Best Animal Related Podcast and frequently reached the number 1 spot in the Apple Podcasts Pets and Animal charts for Great Britain. Guests have included Ricky Gervais, Gary Lineker, Robbie Savage, Jeremy Paxman, Lorraine Kelly, Chris Packham, Sara Cox, Kevin Bridges and Deborah Meaden.

In June 2022 the BBC launched his podcast Different for BBC 5 Live on BBC Sounds in which he interviews people who have had unusual experiences, beliefs or careers. His many guests have included David MacMillan, the only Westerner to escape Bangkok's infamous Klong Prem Prison, a Scottish witch, journalist Paul Salopek who has been walking the route of human evolution for a decade and broadcaster Iain Lee on his experiences with ADHD - an episode also featuring Campbell’s daughter Kirsty, who has ADHD.

In July 2022 Campbell interviewed journalist Alex Renton on Different, and Campbell revealed he had witnessed and experienced abuse at his school The Edinburgh Academy. Campbell wrote an article for the Mirror on the same day as the podcast’s release. The revelations made headlines all over the world and increased pressure on the Scottish prosecution services to extradite one of the alleged abusers from South Africa, referred to as Edgar in the podcast and press because of a ruling on anonymity by the on-going Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry. ‘Edgar’ features heavily including Day 261 of the inquiry, in which he is referred to as ‘CDZ’. After the podcast was released dozens more men came forward and the police opened an investigation solely relating to the Edinburgh Academy, Operation Tree Frog. Renton reported that because of the publicity ex-pupils of Edinburgh Academy had named 17 other staff members, employed between the 1950s and 1980s, as physical and sexual abusers.

In September 2022 Campbell and Renton were asked to go on the South African Current Affairs programme Carte Blanche to talk about ‘Edgar’ who is now living in a comfortable retirement village near Cape Town. His appeal against extradition is on-going. In January 2023 the SNP MP Ian Blackford used Parliamentary privilege to name ‘Edgar' as Iain Wares. On the 7th of March 2023 Lady Smith, chair of the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry passed down the judgement that Wares could be widely named.

Other notable podcast appearances by Campbell include James O’Brien's Full Disclosure. The two broadcasters discussed their experiences of adoption and the effect on their lives and mental health.

He appeared in Michael Fenton Stevens’ podcast My Time Capsule in June 2021, on which talked about Charlie Brooker attacking him in the press and television over a number of years, including an expletive-laden monologue in 2009 which put him in bed for two days. Campbell said,

"I’ve suffered from terrible depression since I can remember — probably since I was a teenager, and I have bipolar disorder type 2. It sent me into a really, really low ebb and I was suffering badly at the time, anyway. Of course I can take people having a go and having a bit of craic and insulting you — it goes with the game. But this was visceral. Really, really visceral and really vicious and really horrible."

In the 2023 British Podcast Awards his podcast ‘Different’ won the award for best interview podcast. The Winning episode was his conversation with Jenny Pearson, the daughter of the teacher who sexually abused him at the Edinburgh Academy.

Music
Campbell is a self-taught musician and plays piano, guitar and ukulele.

After composing songs for Aberdeen University Theatre on Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Campbell started writing music for radio jingles and commercials at Northsound Radio in 1981, while still at college.

In 1996 while at Radio One he won a Sony Award (silver) for his original compositions for the BBC Radio One Afternoon Show he presented at the time.

In 2009, after meeting the actor Mark Moraghan, Campbell wrote a swing album for him, Moonlight's Back in Style, which was released by Linn Records.

He also appeared on the album singing some backing vocals and the two of them performed the track ‘Through it All’ on Children in Need.

‘Through It All’ was also covered by ‘The Ukuleles' on their debut album released by Demon Music.

In 2014 Campbell co-wrote the album Just Passing Through with Kate Robbins, which was released in July of that year. They both appeared on the record.

He composed the original theme music for The Big Questions, the BBC1 Sunday morning debate show which ran from 2007 to 2021.

In 2017 Campbell was asked to write the song "Sacred Eyes" for the 40th anniversary of the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust and a video about the famous elephant orphanage. The music was performed by Kit Morgan and Logan Wilson with a string quartet arranged by Paul Buck.

He has written all the music for his podcast about dogs, One of the Family, and also for the BBC Radio 5 Live podcast ‘Different’.

In May 2024 he set up Nicky Campbell Music on all the streaming sights as an outlet for music he has written and co-written including all his compositions for podcasts.

Campbell is a company director of Mhor Music Ltd., an original music company producing bespoke and original music for film, television, corporate media, online content and Mhor Productions Ltd. In summer 2022 he directed and shot the video for Dark Night by APECCS featuring George Fenton CBE.

Writing and published books
Campbell has written for a wide variety of journals and publications. He has written a music column for the Scottish Sunday Mail (1987–1989) and a regular sports column for the Guardian (2006–2007). He has written for the Daily Mirror, the Sunday Mirror, The Spectator, the New Statesman, the Daily Mail, the Mail on Sunday, the Observer and the Press Gazette amongst many.

He has authored two books. His first ' Blue-Eyed Son - The Story of an Adoption', came out in 2004. In this he described the search for both his birth-parents and meeting his birth mother Stella Lackey in 1989 and birth father Eugene Hughes in 2002. His birth mother, a nurse from a Dublin Protestant family was 36 when she had the brief affair and Eugene Hughes, a Dublin policeman from a Catholic South Armagh family was 21. Campbell also discovered that his grandfather had been in the IRA in 1919–1921, and his biological father had been active in the IRA of the 1950s. When reports emerged prior to publication that his father was a committed Irish Republican, as his father had been before him, Stella's nephew and her elderly sister, by then very ill, were doorstepped by the English tabloid press. Stella's family had no idea who their aunt's brief and obviously secret lover in 1960 had been or anything about his religious or political background and were panicked into a denial. When the book came out Campbell wrote about his birth father's background and all was explained in chapters 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Blue-Eyed Son. Both sides of his birth families helped with and contributed to the book. His birth father's own cousin Tony Hughes had been shot by the British Army in Armagh in 1973.

In the book, given his own birth parents’ experience, Campbell explored in some detail the cultural and social taboos of inter-religious relationships in the 1950s and 1960s. The Daily Mail review described Blue-Eyed Son as ‘an intimate, extraordinary and often tender memoir’. The Scotsman said it was ‘''astonishingly honest. . . one man's set of raw, moving and resonant truths''’. The Independent described it as ‘an extraordinary story’.

His second book, the Sunday Times Bestseller, ‘One of the Family - Why A Dog Called Maxwell Changed My Life’, came out in 2021. In this he addressed his complex relationship with his birth mother and the guilt he carried towards his adoptive parents for needing to trace her. He described his emotional breakdown and late diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and how his beloved Labrador Maxwell's unconditional love had helped him. In The Times Andrew Billen described it as 'A remarkable autobiography’.

The Daily Express said it had ''‘Commendable honesty. . . a poignant book about the search for belonging’ and the broadcaster and journalist James O’Brien said that the book has ‘a lesson for all of us and delivers a resounding message of hope and of love’''.

Campaigning for animals
A lifelong dog lover, Campbell is a vocal advocate for animals, writing and campaigning for rights, welfare and conservation. After awakening to the desperate plight of the African elephant he began campaigning with Will Travers of the Born Free Foundation and the writer and campaigner Dominic Dyer to raise awareness of the issue and campaign to ban the ivory trade. He has written extensively on the subject.

He regularly attends the Global March for Elephants and Rhinos, held in cities across the world and frequently speaks at the event.

He has also campaigned for and supported the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in Kenya, is a patron of the Born Free Foundation and supports a number of animal and conservation charities including Animals Asia, The Born Free Foundation, and the Jane Goodall Institute.

In 2020 he won a prestigious Animal Star Ward for campaigning for animals and raising awareness.

In 2021 he presented the BBC1 appeal for Hearing Dogs for Deaf People.

Campbell is also an active supporter of Guide Dogs UK. He hosted their presentation in the main arena at Crufts in 2022.

Honours
On December 4, 2008, Campbell received an Honorary Doctorate from the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen.

Campbell was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours, for his services to children and adoption.

In 2016 he was given an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Aberdeen.

Personal life
Campbell met his first wife Linda Larnach, a divorcee eight years his senior with two sons, whilst working at Northsound Radio in Aberdeen. They married on 30 August 1988 at the University of Aberdeen chapel, although lived in Finchley, and took time off in the Virgin Islands.

They moved to North London where he would later nurse her through a health scare and encouraged his young stepsons in their footballing endeavours, hosting auctions to raise funds for their local amateur club. During their marriage he traced his birth mother Stella in 1989. He reportedly took time out from his career during Larnach's illness. When they subsequently separated she gave interviews in which she said his career break had been a publicity stunt.

Campbell married his second wife, the journalist Tina Ritchie, on Saturday 13 December 1997 in Chelsea.

A former presenter of Radio1 Newsbeat, Ritchie is now a newsreader on BBC Radio 4. The couple live in Clapham and have a home in the Scottish Highlands. They have four daughters, Breagha, Lilla, Kirsty and Isla. Following the birth of four children of his own with Ritchie, he decided in 2002 to find his Irish biological father.

In 2004, Campbell wrote Blue-Eyed Son - Story of an Adoption, his account of being adopted and tracing both his birth parents and his extended families in Ireland, on both sides of the religious divide. His birth mother Stella died in 2008 in Dublin. Campbell was a coffin bearer and spoke at her Dublin funeral. His birth father Eugene died in 2021 in County Leitrim. As a result of his books and his work promoting adoption, he was asked to become a Patron of the British Association for Adoption and Fostering (BAAF) and more recently an Ambassador for Adoption UK. Campbell's adoptive father Frank died in 1996 of pancreatic cancer.

Campbell has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, his birth mother also had the condition and has candidly discussed his depression.

In 2021 he wrote the Sunday Times Bestseller One of the Family - Why A Dog Called Maxwell Changed My Life. The book was dedicated to his adoptive mother Sheila. On 12 December 2019, Campbell announced via social media that she had died at the age of 96. The tweet was widely reported.

He wrote:

"My mum Sheila died yesterday at 96. We made a BBC programme together about her service as a radar operator and she was immensely proud of her role on D-Day. Her life's work was as a social worker helping others. The day she and Dad adopted me was the day I won the lottery. She doted on her grandchildren and my girls completely adored her. Everybody did. I am so lucky and proud to have had her as my mum and will miss her more than we can ever express. She was my adoptive mum. She was my real mum."

Filmography

 * Television

 * Radio

title: Nicky Campbell


text:
Talk:Daphne Moon

IP edits
I am not sure about how genuine the edits by 129.12.200.49 are. They seem pretty drastic to me.

Varying accents of the Moon family
Frasier is much loved in the UK but the accents of the Moon family is a bete noire for us Brits. Jane Leeves's was first thought not to be English because of her exaggerated Manchester accent. The fact she was English came as a surprise. But Anthony LaPaglia and his mockney accent is excruciating. A fine actor - but keep to the American accents.

I have seen an interview with Jane Leeves where she claims that when she did a proper mancunien accent the producers asked her to change it so that the audience could understand her, it bares almost no relation to an actual manchester accent (i live right next to manchester). shouldn't this info be included?

There is an obvious continuity problem with the Moons. It is never explained why Anthony LaPaglia's 'Simon' has a South-East English Accent (poorly done, I might add), whilst Daphne and her Mother speak in a distinctly Northern dialect.

Ha, 'distinctly Northern dialect' - is that a fact! Her accent is ridiculous and certainly not 'northern'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.115.130.107 (talk) 12:44, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Please sign your posts by typing four tildes (~).

 * This discrepancy is noted at Minor characters on Frasier. Exploding Boy 04:27, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't think that the people on Fraiser didn't know what a true Manchester accent sounds like. In an epic coincidence, John Mahoney, who plays Martin Crane was born in Blackpool and raised in Manchester.68.147.253.67 22:06, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Spoiler Move
I moved the spoiler notice because the biography section refers to Niles and Daphne's marriage etc.

82.40.75.55 21:42, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Season Discrepency
There were only 10 seasons of Frasier, yet the article counts 11. It also claims that, in the first episode of the 10th season, Daphne and Niles get married, which is untrue. I don't know what episode it is, but it must be in the 9th season (not yet released in the US). If someone is in the know, please correct this.

 * Check your facts. There are indeed 11 seasons of Frasier.  The 11th season had a full 24 episodes.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by RainnIceberg (talk • contribs) 07:05, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Sept. 11, 2001
There's a reference to that date that needs a bit of elaboration: "In the first episode of Season 10, Daphne and Niles marry in a small, private ceremony in Reno, Nevada. In Season 11, they have their first child, David, in the final episode of the series, "Goodnight, Seattle". He is named after one of the show's producers who died on September 11, 2001."

I think it should say "died in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001" if that's the case. Or it should specify how he died if there was some other cause. Also, including his surname would be helpful. Pha telegrapher (talk) 17:00, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Prince Charles
There's a passing (picture) reference to Prince Charles(?) in season 2 episode 17. Anybody think this is worthy of a mention? - Acq3 (talk) 22:17, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Lisa Maxwell
I'm pretty dubious that Lisa Maxwell did anything more than a reading for the Daphne Moon part. In Ken Levine's blog, show creatior Peter Casey notes Jane Leeves was preapproved by NBC, and Kelsey Grammer (who was originally hesitant to have an English actor in the role), approved her after doing a reading alone with Leeves. Maxwell isn't mentioned at all.

http://kenlevine.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-frasier-came-to-be.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by Calliaume (talk • contribs) 14:44, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Copyeditor passing by
This article was tagged with a tense tag in 2015, which I have removed. In §Biography, the point of reference for historical present seems to be when the character is introduced in the show. The first few paragraphs leading up to it seem to be backstory, which seems appropriate to be left in past tense. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 18:25, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

Absences
The Show Must Go Off Hooping Cranes Docu.Drama It Takes Two to Tangle Forgotten But Not Gone Goojrr (talk) 11:38, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daphne Moon


text:
Otranto Barrage

The Otranto Barrage was an Allied naval blockade of the Strait of Otranto between Brindisi in Italy and Corfu on the Greek side of the Adriatic Sea in the First World War. The operation consisted of over 200 vessels at the height of the blockade. The blockade was intended to prevent the Austro-Hungarian Navy from escaping into the Mediterranean and threatening Allied operations there. The blockade was effective in preventing surface ships from escaping the Adriatic, but it had little or no effect on the submarines based at Cattaro.

Blockade attempt

The Adriatic is 72 km wide at the Otranto Straits. The blockade consisted of over 200 vessels at its height, mainly British and French. A main force of up to 60 drifters were dedicated to anti-submarine operations. The drifters were mostly British and typically armed with a 6-pounder gun and depth charges. In 1915 when the blockade was begun, two divisions of 20 would be on patrol at a time, equipped with steel indicator nets intended to trap submarines or at least alert the surface vessels to their presence. A third division would be at Brindisi. The drifters were supported by destroyers and aircraft. However, the demands of the Gallipoli Campaign and other naval operations left the Otranto Barrage with insufficient resources to deter the U-boats, and only the Austro-Hungarian SMU U-6 (Austria-Hungary) was caught by the indicator nets during the course of the war. It was later considered that the straits had simply been too wide to be netted, mined or patrolled effectively.

The ease with which German and Austrian submarines continued out of the Austro-Hungarian ports in spite of the barrage (and the success they had in disrupting shipping in the whole of the Mediterranean) strongly embarrassed the Allies, the system being called "a large sieve through which U-boats could pass with impunity". In 1917–1918, reinforcements from the Australian and American navies brought the blockading force up to 35 destroyers, 52 drifters and more than 100 other vessels. Nevertheless, submarines continued to slip through until the end of the war; the introduction of the convoy system and better coordination amongst the Allies only helped to cut the losses they were causing after escaping the blockade.

By contrast, the presence of Allied capital ships involved in the blockade was generally successful in its mission of keeping enemy surface vessels from leaving the Adriatic Sea.

Raids and battles

The Austrians mounted nighttime raids against the barrage, five in 1915, nine in 1916 and ten in 1917. After a raid by four Huszár-class destroyers in December 1916, a conference in London concluded that the drifters were insufficiently defended. The barrage was placed under the command of a British officer, Commodore Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian, who was able to call upon all Allied ships not in use elsewhere. His second-in-command was another British officer, Commander Charles Edward Turle. The largest raid was carried out on the night of 14/15 May 1917 by the cruisers SMS Novara (1913), SMS Helgoland (1912), and SMS Saida supported by the destroyers SMS Csepel and SMS Balaton and Austro-Hungarian U-boats SMU U-4 (Austria-Hungary) and SMU U-27 (Austria-Hungary), along with German U-boat SMU UC-25 (operating as Austro-Hungarian U-boat U-89). The fleet, commanded by Commodore Miklós Horthy, sank 14 drifters out of 47 on duty, and damaged a further three seriously.

Skipper Joseph Watt was later awarded the Victoria Cross for defending his drifter Gowanlea under heavy attack from Novara. The British light cruisers HMS Dartmouth (1911) and HMS Bristol (1910)—together with Italian and French destroyers, under command of Italian Rear Admiral Alfredo Acton—steamed from Brindisi to engage the Austrians, resulting in the Battle of the Otranto Straits. The British damaged Saida and disabled Novara, severely injuring Horthy. However, the British cruisers broke off the engagement when the Italian flag officer received notice of heavy Austrian forces coming out of Cattaro. Saida towed Novara back to port. Dartmouth was damaged by UC-25 as it returned to Brindisi. The night before, the same U-boat had laid a minefield at the mouth of Brindisi harbour; the FRENCH DESTROYER Boutefeu struck one of these mines exiting the harbour the very same day and exploded, sinking with all hands.

In June 1918, Horthy—by now commander-in-chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy—decided to launch an attack on the barrage employing the four Tegetthoff-class battleships based at Pola, the most modern in the fleet. While en route down the Adriatic, the battleship SMS Szent István was torpedoed and sunk by an Italian torpedo boat at dawn on 10 June, resulting in the attack being cancelled.

title: Otranto Barrage


text:
Victor Sjöström

Victor David Sjöström (20 September 1879 – 3 January 1960), also known in the United States as Victor Seastrom, was a pioneering Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor. He began his career in Sweden, before moving to Hollywood in 1924. Sjöström worked primarily in the silent era; his best known films include The Phantom Carriage (1921), He Who Gets Slapped (1924), and The Wind (1928). Sjöström was Sweden's most prominent director in the "Golden Age of Silent Film" in Europe. Later in life, he played the leading role in Ingmar Bergman's Wild Strawberries (1957).

Early life
Victor David Sjöström was born on 20 September 1879 in Årjäng/Silbodal, in the Värmland region of Sweden. He was only a year old when his father, Olof Adolf Sjöström, moved the family to Brooklyn, New York. His mother died in 1886, he was seven years old. Sjöström returned to Sweden where he lived with relatives in Stockholm, beginning his acting career at 17 as a member of a touring theater company.

Career
Drawn from the stage to the fledgling motion picture industry, he made his first film in 1912 under the direction of Mauritz Stiller. Between 1912 and 1923, he directed another forty-one films in Sweden, some of which are now lost. Those surviving include The Sons of Ingmar (1919), Karin, Daughter of Ingmar (1920) and The Phantom Carriage (1921), all based on stories by the Nobel Prize–winning novelist Selma Lagerlöf. Many of his films from the period are marked by subtle character portrayal, fine storytelling and evocative settings in which the Swedish landscape often plays a key psychological role. The naturalistic quality of his films was enhanced by his (then revolutionary) preference for on-location filming, especially in rural and village settings. He is also known as a pioneer of continuity editing in narrative filmmaking.

In 1923, Sjöström accepted an offer from Louis B. Mayer to work in the United States. In Sweden, he had acted in his own films as well as in those for others, but in Hollywood he devoted himself solely to directing. Using an anglicized name, Victor Seastrom, he made the drama film Name the Man (1924) based on the Hall Caine novel, The Master of Man. He directed stars of the day such as Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, Lillian Gish, Lon Chaney, and Norma Shearer in another eight films in America before his first talkie in 1930. One of these was the 1926 film The Scarlet Letter, starring Lillian Gish as the adulterous Hester Prynne.

Uncomfortable with the modifications needed to direct sound films, Victor Sjöström returned to Sweden, where he directed two more films before his final directing effort, an English-language drama filmed in the United Kingdom Under the Red Robe (1937). Over the following 15 years, Sjöström returned to acting in the theatre, performed a variety of leading roles in more than a dozen films, and was a company director of Svensk Film Industri. Arguably his noted performance came with his final film role. On the cusp of turning 78, he played the elderly professor Isak Borg in Ingmar Bergman's film Wild Strawberries (1957).

Personal life
Sjöström was married three times. His daughter was actress Guje Lagerwall (1918-2019).

Death and legacy
Victor Sjöström died in Stockholm on 3 January 1960 at the age of 80, and was buried in the Norra begravningsplatsen (Northern cemetery).

A theatre in Filmhuset, home of the Swedish Film Institute, was named in his honour as "Bio Victor".

Director

 * Ett hemligt giftermål (1912)
 * Trädgårdsmästaren (1912)
 * Marriage Bureau (Äktenskapsbyrån) (1913)
 * Laughter and Tears (Löjen och tårar) (1913)
 * Lady Marion's Summer Flirtation (Lady Marions sommarflirt) (1913)
 * The Voice of Passion (Blodets röst) (1913)
 * The Conflicts of Life (Livets konflikter) (1913)
 * Ingeborg Holm (Margaret Day) (1913)
 * Half Breed (Halvblod) (1913)
 * The Miracle (Miraklet, Within the Gates) (1913)
 * The Poacher (Kärlek starkare än hat eller skogsdotterns hemlighet) (1914)
 * The Clergyman (Prästen, Saints and Their Sorrows, The Parson) (1914)
 * Judge Not (Dömen icke) (1914)
 * The Strike (Strejken) (1914)
 * A Good Girl Keeps Herself in Good Order (Bra flicka reder sig själv) (1914)
 * Children of the Streets (Gatans barn) (1914)
 * Daughter of the Peaks (Högfjällets dotter) (1914)
 * Hearts That Meet (Hjärtan som mötas) (1914)
 * One of the Many (En av de många) (1915)
 * Guilt Redeemed (Sonad skuld) (1915)
 * Det var i maj (1915)
 * The Governor's Daughters (Landshövdingens döttrar, Det var i maj) (1915)
 * Stick to Your Last, Shoemaker (Skomakare, bliv vid din läst) (1915)
 * In the Hour of Trial (I prövningens stund) (1915)
 * The Price of Betrayal (Judaspengar) (1915)
 * The Ships That Meet (Skepp som mötas) (1916)
 * The Sea Vultures (Havsgamar, Predators of the Sea) (1916)
 * She Triumphs (Hon segrade) (1916)
 * Kiss of Death (Dödskyssen) (1916)
 * Therèse (1916)
 * A Man There Was (Terje Vigen) (1917)
 * The Lass from the Stormy Croft (Tösen från Stormyrtorpet, The Girl from the Marsh Croft, The Woman He Chose) (1917)
 * The Outlaw and His Wife (Berg-Ejvind och hans hustru, Eyvind of the Hills, Love: The Only Law, You and I) (1918)
 * Sons of Ingmar (Ingmarssönerna, Dawn of Love) (1919)
 * His Lordship's Last Will (Hans nåds testamente, His Grace's Last Testament, His Grace's Will) (1919)
 * The Monastery of Sendomir (Klostret i Sendomir, Secret of the Monastery) (1920)
 * Karin Daughter of Ingmar (Karin Ingmarsdotter, God's Way) (1920)
 * A Lover in Pawn (Mästerman) (1920)
 * The Phantom Carriage (Körkarlen, The Phantom Chariot, The Stroke of Midnight, Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness) (1921)
 * Love's Crucible (Vem dömer, Mortal Clay) (1922)
 * The Surrounded House (Det omringade huset, The House Surrounded) (1922)
 * Fire on Board (Eld ombord, Jealousy, The Hell Ship) (1923)
 * Name the Man (1924)
 * He Who Gets Slapped (1924)
 * Confessions of a Queen (1925)
 * The Tower of Lies (1925)
 * The Scarlet Letter (1926)
 * The Divine Woman (1928)
 * The Masks of the Devil (1928)
 * The Wind (1928)
 * A Lady to Love (1930)
 * Father and Son (1930)
 * Markurells i Wadköping (film) (Markurells i Wadköping, Father and Son, Vater und Sohn) (1931)
 * Under the Red Robe (1937)

Actor

 * De svarta maskerna (1912) as Lieutenant von Mühlen
 * I lifvets vår (1912) as Cyril Alm
 * The Voice of Passion (1913) as Daniel Barkner
 * The Conflicts of Life (1913) as Otto Berner
 * För sin kärleks skull (1914) as Borgen
 * The Strike (1914) as Karl Bernsson / Gustav Bernsson
 * Kiss of Death (1916) as Òveringenjör Weyler / Ingenjör Lebel
 * Terje Vigen (A Man There Was, 1917) as Terje Vigen
 * Thomas Graals bästa barn (Thomas Graal's First Child 1917) as Thomas Graal
 * The Outlaw and His Wife (1918) as Outlaw / Kári
 * Thomas Graals bästa barn (1918) as Thomas Graal
 * Sons of Ingmar (1919) as Lill Ingmar Ingmarsson
 * Karin Daughter of Ingmar (1920) as Ingmar
 * A Lover in Pawn (1920) as Sammel Eneman
 * Körkarlen (The Phantom Carriage, 1921) as David Holm
 * Det omringade huset (1922) as Captain Davies
 * Eld ombord (1923) as Dick
 * Colourful Pages (1931) as Sjöström, director (uncredited)
 * Markurells i Wadköping (1931) as Markurell
 * Synnöve Solbakken (1934) as Sämund - Sæmund
 * Walpurgis Night (1935) as Frederik Bergström, Editor
 * John Ericsson, Victor of Hampton Roads (1937) as John Ericsson
 * Gubben kommer (1939) as Carl-Henrik de Grévy, 'Gubben'
 * Mot nya tider (1939) as Hjalmar Branting
 * The Fight Continues (1941) as Andreas Berg
 * There's a Fire Burning (1943) as Henrik Falkman
 * The Word (1943) as Knut Borg Sr.
 * The Emperor of Portugallia (1944) as Jan i Skrolycka
 * Rail Workers (1947) as Stora Ballong
 * I Am with You (1948) as Vicar
 * Dangerous Spring (1949) as P. Bladh, antiques dealer
 * Till glädje (To Joy, 1950, directed by Ingmar Bergman) as professor Sönderby
 * The Quartet That Split Up (1950) as Gustaf Borg
 * The Clang of the Pick (1952) as Klaus Willenhart
 * Love (1952) as Bishop
 * Men in the Dark (1955) as Gustaf Landberg
 * Smultronstället (Wild Strawberries, 1957, directed by Ingmar Bergman) as Dr. Eberhard Isak Borg (final film role)

title: Victor Sjöström


text:
Superliner

Superliner may refer to:
 * Superliner (passenger ship), an ocean liner of more than 10,000 gross tons
 * Superliner (railcar), a double-decker passenger car used by Amtrak
 * Mack Super-Liner, a heavy-duty truck manufactured by Mack Trucks

title: Superliner


text: User talk:83.100.152.237

title: User talk:83.100.152.237


text:
File talk:Szlachta Herby.jpg

Any caption and source? [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 16:38, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)

title: File talk:Szlachta Herby.jpg


text:
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title: User:Ezhiki/monobook.css


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Warner Oland

Warner Oland (born Johan Verner Ölund; October 3, 1879 – August 6, 1938) was a Swedish-American actor. His career included time on Broadway and numerous film appearances. He is most remembered for playing several Chinese and Chinese-American characters: Dr. Fu Manchu, Henry Chang in Shanghai Express, and, most notably, Honolulu Police detective Lieutenant Charlie Chan in 16 films.

Early years
Oland was born in the village of Nyby, Bjurholm Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden. He claimed that his vaguely Asian appearance was due to possessing some Mongolian ancestry, though his known ancestry contains no indication that this was so. In his native Sweden, one theory (to explain his appearance) is that Oland's family was possibly of Sami heritage. According to a 2024 biography, there are plenty of Sami people near Oland's place of birth, but that there is not much in Oland's family tree that would suggest that they were of Sami heritage.

When he was 13, Oland's family immigrated to the United States, in November 1892, on board the S/S Thingvalla, which sailed from Christiania, Norway, to New York. After an initial stay in New York City, the family settled in New Britain, Connecticut. Educated in Boston, Oland spoke English and his native Swedish, and eventually translated some of the plays of August Strindberg.

As a young man, Oland pursued a career in theater, at first working on set design while developing his skills as a dramatic actor. In 1906, he was signed to tour the country with the troupe led by Russian-American actress Alla Nazimova (1879–1945). The following year, he met and married the playwright and portrait painter Edith Gardener Shearn (1872-1968). Shearn made an ideal partner for Oland. She mastered Swedish, helping him with the translation of Strindberg's works that they jointly published in book form in 1912.

Career beginnings
After several years in theater, including appearances on Broadway as Warner Oland, in 1912 he made his silent film debut in Pilgrim's Progress, a film based on the John Bunyan novel. As a result of his training as a Shakespearean actor and his easy adoption of a sinister look, he was much in demand as a villain and in ethnic roles. Over the next 15 years, he appeared in more than 30 films, including a major role in The Jazz Singer (1927), one of the first talkies produced.

Becoming a star
Oland's normal appearance fit the Hollywood expectation of caricatured Asianness of the time. He portrayed a variety of Asian characters in several movies before being offered the leading role in the 1929 film The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu.

A box office success, The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu made Oland a star, and during the next two years he portrayed the evil Dr. Fu Manchu in three more films (although the second one was purely a cameo appearance). Firmly locked into such roles, he was cast as Charlie Chan in the international detective mystery film Charlie Chan Carries On (1931) and then in director Josef von Sternberg's 1932 classic film Shanghai Express opposite Marlene Dietrich and Anna May Wong. Oland played a werewolf, biting the protagonist, played by Henry Hull, in Werewolf of London (1935).

The Charlie Chan industry
The enormous worldwide box office success of his Charlie Chan film led to more, with Oland starring in 16 Chan films in total. The series, Jill Lepore later wrote, "kept Fox afloat" during the 1930s, while earning Oland $40,000 per movie. Oland took his role seriously, studying the Chinese language and calligraphy.

Final year and death
Despite his wealth and success, Oland suffered from alcoholism that severely affected his health and his 30-year marriage. In January 1938, he started filming Charlie Chan at the Ringside. However, a week into shooting, he began behaving erratically and eventually walked off the set, causing the film to be abandoned. After a spell in the hospital, he signed a new three-picture deal with Fox to continue playing Chan.

During this period he was involved in a bitter divorce from his wife. He was forbidden, by court order, from travelling overseas or moving his assets abroad. Around this time, he was involved in a public incident when, having ordered his chauffeur to drive him to Mexico, he was observed during a rest stop sitting on the running board of his car throwing his shoes at onlookers.

The divorce settlement, favouring his wife, was announced to the media on April 2, 1938. The same day he left the US by ship, turning up in southern Europe, then proceeding to his native Sweden, where he stayed with an architect friend. In Sweden, Oland contracted bronchial pneumonia, worsened by the apparent onset of emphysema from years of heavy cigarette smoking, and he died in a hospital in Stockholm, August 6, 1938, aged 58.

Following cremation in Sweden, his ashes were brought back to the United States by his ex-wife, for interment in the Southborough Rural Cemetery in Southborough, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, where the Olands had previously resided in an historic farmhouse.

His last film, the unfinished Charlie Chan at the Ringside, was re-shot with Peter Lorre replacing Oland, and released as Mr. Moto's Gamble (1938).

In Autobiography of a Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda describes his encounter with an unnamed famous actor, presumably Oland, while travelling by train. The actor was initially critical of Yogananda's Indian garb but their conversation soon evolved into an amicable philosophical discussion.

Filmography

 * Pilgrim's Progress (1912) as John Bunyon (film debut)
 * The Romance of Elaine (1915)
 * Sin (1915) as Pietro
 * The Unfaithful Wife (1915)
 * Destruction (1915) as Mr. Deleveau
 * The Fool's Revenge (1916) as Undetermined Secondary Role (uncredited)
 * The Reapers (1916) as James Shaw
 * The Eternal Sapho (1916) as H. Coudal
 * The Eternal Question (1916) as Pierre Felix
 * Beatrice Fairfax (1916) as Detective
 * The Rise of Susan (1916) as Sinclair La Salle
 * Beatrice Fairfax Episode 4: The Stone God (1916) as Detective in office
 * Patria (1917, Serial) as Baron Huroki
 * The Fatal Ring (1917, Serial) as Richard Carslake
 * The Cigarette Girl (1917) as Mr. Wilson
 * Convict 993 (1918) as Dan Mallory
 * The Naulahka (1918) as Maharajah
 * The Mysterious Client (1918) as Boris Norjunov
 * The Yellow Ticket (1918) as Baron Andrey
 * The Lightning Raider (1919, Serial) as Wu Fang
 * Mandarin's Gold (1919) as Li Hsun
 * The Twin Pawns (1919) as John Bent
 * The Avalanche (1919) as Nick Delano
 * The Witness for the Defense (1919) as Captain Ballantyne
 * The Third Eye (1920, Serial) as Curtis Steele / Malcolm Graw
 * The Phantom Foe (1920, Serial) as Uncle Leo Sealkirk
 * The Yellow Arm (1921) as Joel Bain
 * Hurricane Hutch (1921, serial) as Clifton Marlow
 * East Is West (1922) as Charley Yong
 * The Pride of Palomar (1922) as Okada
 * His Children's Children (1923) as Dr. Dahl
 * The Fighting American (1924) as Fu Shing
 * So This Is Marriage? (1924) as Mario Dorando
 * One Night in Rome (1924) as King David
 * Curlytop (1924) as Shanghai Dan
 * Riders of the Purple Sage (1925) as Lew Walters aka Judge Dyer
 * Don Q, Son of Zorro (1925) as The Archduke
 * Flower of Night (1925) as Luke Rand
 * The Winding Stair (1925) as Petras
 * Infatuation (1925) as Osman Pasha
 * Don Juan (1926) as Cesare Borgia
 * The Mystery Club (1926) as Eli Sinsabaugh
 * The Marriage Clause (1926) as Max Ravenal
 * Twinkletoes (1926) as Roseleaf
 * Tell It to the Marines (1926) as Chinese Bandit Chief
 * Man of the Forest (1926) as Clint Beasley
 * When a Man Loves (1927) as André Lescaut
 * A Million Bid (1927) as Geoffrey Marsh
 * Old San Francisco (1927) as Chris Buckwell
 * What Happened to Father? (1927) as W. Bradberry, Father
 * The Jazz Singer (1927) as The Cantor
 * Sailor Izzy Murphy (1927) as The girl's father
 * Good Time Charley (1927) as Good Time Charley Keene
 * Stand and Deliver (1928) as Ghika - the Bandit Leader
 * Wheel of Chance (1928) as Mosher Turkeltaub
 * The Scarlet Lady (1928) as Zaneriff
 * Dream of Love (1928) as The Duke, Current Dictator
 * The Faker (1929) as Hadrian (the faker)
 * Chinatown Nights (1929) as Boston Charley
 * The Studio Murder Mystery (1929) as Rupert Borka
 * The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929) as Dr. Fu Manchu
 * The Mighty (1929) as Sterky
 * Dangerous Paradise (1930) as Schomberg
 * The Vagabond King (1930) as Thibault
 * Paramount on Parade (1930) as Fu Manchu (Murder Will Out)
 * The Return of Dr. Fu Manchu (1930) as Dr. Fu Manchu
 * The Drums of Jeopardy (1931) as Dr. Boris Karlov
 * Dishonored (1931) as Colonel von Hindau
 * Charlie Chan Carries On (1931) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * The Black Camel (1931) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * The Big Gamble (1931) as North
 * Daughter of the Dragon (1931) as Fu Manchu
 * Charlie Chan's Chance (1932) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Shanghai Express (1932) as Henry Chang
 * A Passport to Hell (1932) as Baron von Sydow, Police Commandant
 * The Son-Daughter (1932) as Fen Sha
 * Before Dawn (1933) as Dr. Paul Cornelius
 * Charlie Chan's Greatest Case (1933) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * As Husbands Go (1934) as Hippolitus Lomi
 * Mandalay (1934) as Nick
 * Charlie Chan's Courage (1934) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back (1934) as Prince Achmed
 * Charlie Chan in London (1934) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * The Painted Veil (1934) as General Yu
 * Charlie Chan in Paris (1935) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Werewolf of London (1935) as Dr. Yogami
 * Charlie Chan in Egypt (1935) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Shanghai (1935) as Ambassador Lun Sing
 * Charlie Chan in Shanghai (1935) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan's Secret (1936) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan at the Circus (1936) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan at the Race Track (1936) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan at the Opera (1936) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937) as Inspector Charlie Chan
 * Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo (1937) as Inspector Charlie Chan

Other sources

 * Huang, Yunte (2010) Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History (New York: W W Norton) ISBN 978-0-393-06962-4
 * Huang, Yunte (2010) Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History (New York: W W Norton) ISBN 978-0-393-06962-4
 * Huang, Yunte (2010) Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History (New York: W W Norton) ISBN 978-0-393-06962-4

title: Warner Oland


text:
Here Comes the Bride (album)

Here Comes the Bride is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Spin Doctors, released in 1999.

Personnel

 * Spin Doctors
 * Chris Barron – lead vocals
 * Eran Tabib – guitar
 * Mark White - bass on tracks 3–5, 8, 12 and 13
 * Aaron Comess – drums, keyboards, bass on tracks 1, 2, 6, 7, 9–11, 14 and 15
 * Ivan Neville – keyboards, backing vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Joe Bonadio – tambourine, hand drums
 * Lani Groves – backing vocals
 * Todd Horton – trumpet
 * Arnie Lawrence – saxophone
 * Andrew Lippman – trombone
 * Catherine Russell – backing vocals
 * Judith Talvi – cello

 * Production
 * Producer: Aaron Comess
 * Engineers: Peter Denenberg, Tom Fritze
 * Mixing: Aaron Comess, Peter Denenberg
 * Mastering: Ted Jensen

title: Here Comes the Bride (album)


text:
User talk:166.109.224.51

October 2018
Hello, I'm Oshwah. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —specifically this edit to Christian X of Denmark— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks.  ~Oshwah~  (talk) (contribs)   15:19, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Matt Cassel. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. — k6ka  🍁 ( Talk ·  Contributions ) 17:18, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:166.109.224.51


text:
Advise and Consent

Advise and Consent is a 1959 political fiction novel by Allen Drury that explores the United States Senate confirmation of controversial Secretary of State nominee Robert Leffingwell, whose promotion is endangered due to growing evidence that the nominee had been a member of the Communist Party. The chief characters' responses to the evidence, and their efforts to spread or suppress it, form the basis of the novel.

The novel spent 102 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1960 and was adapted into a successful 1962 film starring Henry Fonda. It was followed by Drury's A Shade of Difference in 1962, and four additional sequels.

Background
The novel's title comes from the United States Constitution's Article II, Sec. 2, cl. 2, which provides that the President of the United States "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States . . . ."

Drury believed most Americans were naive about the dangers of the Soviet-led communist threat to undermine the government of the United States:

"Drury believed that the Soviet Union led an international totalitarian communist movement whose ultimate goal was world domination and that communists were willing to achieve that goal by whatever moral, immoral, or amoral means worked, including propaganda, lies, subversion, intimidation, infiltration, betrayal, and violence. A Drury thesis was that American liberalism contributed to communism's incremental success in its war against American democratic capitalism."

Advise and Consent is a fictional account of the nomination of a prominent liberal, Robert Leffingwell, to the cabinet position of Secretary of State during the height of the Cold War. It is said that the story is based on Drury's first-hand insight into the personalities and political practices of the late-1950s including the 1954 episode wherein Senators Styles Bridges and Herman Welker threatened to publicize a homosexual in Senator Lester Hunt's family if Hunt did not resign from the Senate.

In fact, the website of the U.S. Senate states: "Based on Drury's observations, one may guess who the author based his fictional senators on: Alben Barkley may be the dashing majority leader; Robert Taft might be the minority leader; Kenneth McKellar may be the southern senator; the overzealous Senator Fred Van Ackerman might be a caricature of Joseph McCarthy; and the tragic Brigham Anderson, who kills himself in his Senate office, reminds us of Senator Lester Hunt of Wyoming, who took his life in the Russell Building in 1954. The president and vice president strongly resemble President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Vice President Harry Truman. The entire incident could be loosely based on the Chambers-Hiss case.

However, the book is not meant to be a roman à clef, and it does not purport to disguise a true story. Drury considered his fictional senators and others as composites, and wove them through successive books. The author was not interested in profiling any one individual but in capturing the whole gallery of stock characters that Washington had seen and would be seeing again."

Several sources agree that character Robert Leffingwell, the novel's nominee for Secretary of State, represents Alger Hiss.

Addressing the suggestion that the book was a roman à clef, Drury wrote a very sharply worded preface which was only published in the new edition: "You will have to take the writer's word for it, because it is true. There are people and events in this book as in any that are akin to people and events in reality, but they are not the people and events of reality. Such resemblances as they do bear are transmuted through the observations and perceptions and understandings of the author into something far beyond and basically far different from the originals in the cases were originals can be argued to exist."

Plot summary
The U.S. president decides to replace his Secretary of State to promote rapprochement with the Soviet Union. Nominee Robert Leffingwell, a darling of liberals, is viewed by many conservative senators as an appeaser. Others, including the pivotal character of Senator Seabright (Seab) Cooley of South Carolina, have serious doubts about Leffingwell's character. The book tells the story of an up-and-down nomination process that most people fully expect to result in a quick approval of the controversial nominee.

But Cooley is not so easily defeated. He uncovers a minor bureaucrat named Gelman who testifies that twenty years earlier then-University of Chicago instructor Leffingwell invited Gelman to join a small Communist cell that included a fellow traveler who went by the pseudonym James Morton. After outright lies under oath by the nominee and vigorous cross examination by Leffingwell, Gelman is thoroughly discredited and deemed an unfit witness by the subcommittee and its charismatic chairman Utah Senator Brig Anderson. The subcommittee is ready to approve the nominee.

At this crucial moment in the story, the tenacious Senator Cooley dissects Gelman's testimony and discovers a way to identify James Morton. Cooley maneuvers Morton into confessing the truth of Gelman's assertions to Senator Anderson who subsequently re-opens the subcommittee's hearings, thus enraging the President. When the President's attempts to buy Anderson's cooperation fail he places enormous pressure on Majority Leader Robert Munson to entice Anderson into compliance. In a moment of great weakness that Munson will regret the rest of his life, Munson provides the President a photograph, acquired quite innocently by Munson, that betrays Anderson's brief wartime homosexual liaison.

Armed with the blackmail instrument he needs, the president ignores Anderson's proof of Leffingwell's treachery and plots to use the photo to gain Anderson's silence. The president plants the photo with leftist Senator Fred Van Ackerman, thinking he will never need to use it. But the President has underestimated Van Ackerman's treachery and misjudged Anderson's reaction should the truth come out. After a series of circumstances involving Anderson's secret being revealed to his wife, the Washington press corps, and several senators, Anderson kills himself. Anderson's death turns the majority of the Senate against the president and the majority leader. Anderson's suicide and the exposure of the truth about Leffingwell's lies regarding his communist past set in motion a chain reaction that ends several careers and ultimately rejects Leffingwell as a nominee to become Secretary of State.

The final one hundred pages of the book contain several "teases" by the author making it clear there is a sequel to come (Drury wrote five more books in his series), but Advise and Consent effectively ends with the overwhelming vote to reject Leffingwell. The segue to the next book in the series is the death of the president (heart attack) and the elevation of Vice President Harley Hudson.

Reception
Saturday Review said of Advise and Consent in August 1959 that "It may be a long time before a better one comes along." Roger Kaplan of Policy Review wrote in 1999 that the novel "in many ways invented a genre in fiction…. The use of a racy intrigue, if possible involving both sex and foreign policy, is what characterizes the contemporary form. Forty years on, Advise and Consent is the only book of this genre that a literary-minded person really ought to read." Richard L. Neuberger reviewed the novel for The New York Times in 1959, writing that "rarely has a political tale been told with such vivid realism" and calling the book "one of the finest and most gripping political novels of our era." Conversely, Pamela Hansford Johnson of the New Statesman called Advise and Consent "politically repellent and artistically null with a steady hysterical undertone."

The novel spent 102 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 1960, the Pulitzer Prize committee recommended that the award for fiction be given to Saul Bellow's Henderson the Rain King, but the board overrode that recommendation and awarded it to Advise and Consent.

In 2009, Scott Simon wrote in The Wall Street Journal, "Fifty years after its publication and astounding success ... Allen Drury's novel remains the definitive Washington tale." He wrote of Drury that "the conservative Washington novelist was more progressive than Hollywood liberals," noting that the character of Brigham Anderson, the young senator hiding a secret wartime homosexual tryst, is "candid and unapologetic" about his affair, and even calling him "Drury's most appealing character". Assessing Drury's body of work in 1999, Erik Tarloff suggested in The New York Times that "homosexuality does appear to be the only minority status to which Drury seems inclined to accord much sympathy." Frank Rich wrote in The New York Times in 2005: "For a public official to be identified as gay in the Washington of the 50s and 60s meant not only career suicide but also potentially actual suicide. Yet Drury, a staunchly anti-Communist conservative of his time, regarded the character as sympathetic, not a villain. The senator's gay affair, he wrote, was 'purely personal and harmed no one else.'"

Writing for The Wall Street Journal in 2014, Jonathan Karl called Advise and Consent "the last great novel set in Washington". He called the characters "complicated and multi-dimensional, with principled convictions and plausible personal weaknesses."

Advise and Consent had been out of print for almost 15 years and ranked #27 on the 2013 BookFinder.com list of the Top 100 Most Searched for Out of Print Books before WordFire Press reissued it in paperback and e-book format in February 2014. The WordFire edition includes never-before-published essays about the book written by Drury himself, new appendices, and remembrances by Drury's heirs and literary executors Kenneth and Kevin Killiany. WordFire also released Advise and Consent five sequels.

Adaptations
Drury's novel was adapted by Loring Mandel into the 1960 Broadway play Advise and Consent, directed by Franklin Schaffner and starring Richard Kiley, Ed Begley, Henry Jones and Chester Morris. The play ran successfully on Broadway at the Cort Theatre from November 17, 1960, to May 20, 1961. The production was followed by a national company, starring Farley Granger.

The novel was also adapted into the 1962 film Advise & Consent, directed by Otto Preminger and starring Walter Pidgeon and Henry Fonda. Preminger was nominated for a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, and Burgess Meredith won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actor for his role. Charles Laughton was also nominated for a British Academy Film Award for Best Foreign Actor. LGBT film historian Vito Russo noted that Advise & Consent contained the first official portrayal of a gay bar in film.

title: Advise and Consent


text: User talk:216.144.171.168

title: User talk:216.144.171.168