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Windwardside

Windwardside is the second largest town on the island of Saba, aptly named for being on the windward side of the island.

History
The first permanent European settlements on Saba began in the 1640s. By the 1860s, Windwardside was one of 7 main districts, with The Bottom, St. John's, Booby Hill, Hell's Gate, Mary's Point (Palmetto Point), and Middle Island. The Windwardside district had its own elected head, as did the other districts. In 1860, the St. Paul's Conversion Church, Saba was built on the grounds of the former quarantine station in Windwardside. In 1865, the population of Windwardside was 573 inhabitants.

Throughout the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, most men in Windwardside engaged in farming or fishing. Most women engaged in domestic work in the home, as well as local drawn thread work known as Saba Lace. By 1900, Windwardside was one of four main villages on Saba, along with The Bottom, St. John's, and Hell's Gate. The early- to mid- 1900s saw extensive emigration from Saba. In 1972, the population of Windwardside had decreased to 302 inhabitants.

In the late 20th century, Windwardside began expanding. The Tourism Office opened in Windwardside along with restaurants, grocery stores, a bank, a post office, hotels, and gift shops. In 2001, the population of Windwardside was 418 inhabitants.

Geography
Most of Windwardside is located in a saddle between a mountain (Mount Scenery) and a hill (Booby Hill). The saddle's elevation is about 1400 ft (427 m) above sea level. Some Windwardside homes are located up the mountainside of village. Many homes are located up the hillside of the village, on Booby Hill and an area of Booby Hill called The Level. The elevation of The Level is about 1584 feet (483 m) above sea level. the Mas Cojones Hill is also a scenic tourist destination

Tourism
Windwardside has several hotels and inns which serve mostly tourists who come to the island to dive and enjoy Saba's nature. There are multiple grocery stores, restaurants, gift shops, and a dive shop located there as well.

The Harry L. Johnson Museum is located in Windwardside. The museum is located inside an authentic 19th-century Saban cottage, with few changes having been made to the original cottage. Inside, visitors can view 19th and early 20th-century furniture, linens, china, nautical instruments, and a 100-year old organ harmonium. Also on display are photographs and documents, as well as Amerindian artifacts from archaeological sites on the island. The museum grounds feature tropical vegetation and a children's play area.

The Mt. Scenery Trail, Saba's most popular hiking trail,  begins in Windwardside. The trailhead is located on the road just outside Windwardside, across from the Trail Shop. The trail is a strenuous out-and-back trail, which goes up to Mt. Scenery's summit and back, and takes about 90 minutes each way.

title: Windwardside


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Gaston Glock

Gaston Glock (19 July 1929 – 27 December 2023) was an Austrian engineer and businessman. He founded the company Glock and developed the Glock pistol in 1982, which became one of the most influential and popular light firearms of the 20th century.

Early life
Glock was born in Vienna on 19 July 1929. He was conscripted into the Wehrmacht as a teenager near the end of World War II, after which he graduated from school as an engineer and joined a hand drill company.

Manufacturing
Glock began as a manufacturer of curtain rods in the 1960s, and knives for the Austrian military in the 1970s, and did not design or manufacture a firearm until he was 52 years old. He already had experience with polymers from his previous business ventures. In 1980, he bought an injection-moulding machine to manufacture handles and sheaths for the field knives he was making for the Austrian army in his garage workshop. His earliest employees were from the camera industry and experienced in producing polymer components. His first production pistol was the Glock 17. It took one year to design and produce, and he applied for its Austrian patent in April 1981.

Robert McFadden of The New York Times wrote that Glock's pistol: "[...] became a phenomenal seller, especially in the United States. It arrived in the mid-1980s, when crime rates were soaring and police officers felt outgunned. New models and calibers with extended clips [sic] were introduced. Two-thirds of America's police forces, including New York City's, adopted the Glock, as did many federal, state and county agencies ... He [Glock] was vilified by gun-control advocates and hailed by gun aficionados. Despite the Glock's popular depiction as a criminal's weapon and its use in some of America's most spectacular mass shootings, Mr. Barrett, the author of Glock, said the gun had not commonly been traced to crime scenes — indeed, far less so than other firearm brands."

Murder attempt
In July 1999, Glock suspected that Charles Ewert, one of his closest financial advisers, had been embezzling funds. Glock confronted Ewert, who hired a French mercenary to murder Glock with a rubber mallet in a car park in an attempt to make it look like an accident. Glock was hit in the head, but was able to fight back, punching the man until he collapsed on top of Glock. Both Ewert and the assassin were convicted of attempted murder and sent to prison.

Personal life
Glock married Helga Glock in 1958, and they co-founded the family business in 1963. The Glocks had three children, Brigitte, Gaston Jr and Robert. They divorced in 2011 and entered litigation over accusations that Glock engaged in racketeering. Glock married his second wife, Kathrin Tschikof, that same year. She is a nurse who was 50 years younger, and had treated him for a stroke in 2008. The lawsuit was dismissed in 2017.

Glock donated over €1 million to Austrian charities. He also gave funds to the Freedom Party of Austria. Glock was described as a "reclusive Austrian billionaire" who avoided publicity and valued his privacy despite his famous invention.

Glock died on 27 December 2023, at the age of 94.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gaston Glock


text: Category:Austrian inventors

title: Category:Austrian inventors


text:
Category talk:Martyrs

comments
Is there any clear way we could define what articles belong in this category? I stuck Category:Christian martyrs in here because it was orphaned, but I'm afraid to start adding to it wholesale.

People like Polycarp, Justin Martyr, and Ignatius are, so far as I know, generally referred to as "martyrs" by just about anyone and I should think that sticking them in some sort of martyr category would be extremely helpful. However, the term in modern usage is politically sensitive, so I thought I'd ask for opinions. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 16:09, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I just filled out Category:Christian martyrs using fairly broad criteria: if the article said "so-and-so is considered a martyr/was declared a martyr/died for his or her faith", then in it went.
 * We also ought to have a Category:Shahada for Islamic martyrs. Non-religious martyrs should either go in this category or in something like Category:Secular martyrs; I'm not sure. —No-One Jones (m) 15:28, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Non religious martyrs
Do people like Neda Soltani, who isn't a religious matyr, qualify for inclusion in this category? Andjam (talk) 13:12, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Martyrs


text:
Hitler cabinet

The Hitler cabinet was the government of Nazi Germany between 30 January 1933 and 30 April 1945 upon the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of the German Reich by President Paul von Hindenburg. It was contrived by the national conservative politician Franz von Papen, who reserved the office of the Vice-Chancellor for himself. Originally, Hitler's first cabinet was called the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation, which was a coalition of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the national conservative German National People's Party (DNVP). The Hitler cabinet lasted until his suicide during the defeat of Nazi Germany. Hitler's cabinet was succeeded by the short-lived Goebbels cabinet, with Karl Dönitz appointed by Hitler as the new Reichspräsident.

History
In brokering the appointment of Hitler as Reich Chancellor, Papen had sought to control Hitler by limiting the number of Nazi ministers in the cabinet; initially Hermann Göring (without portfolio) and Wilhelm Frick (Interior) were the only Nazi ministers. Further, Alfred Hugenberg, the head of the DNVP, was enticed into joining the cabinet by being given the Economic and Agricultural portfolios for both the Reich and Prussia, with the expectation that Hugenberg would be a counterweight to Hitler and would be useful in controlling him. Of the other significant ministers in the initial cabinet, Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath was a holdover from the previous administration, as were Finance Minister Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Post and Transport Minister Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, and Justice Minister Franz Gürtner.

The cabinet was "presidential" and not "parliamentary", in that it governed on the basis of emergency powers granted to the President in Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution rather than through a majority vote in the Reichstag. This had been the basis for Weimar cabinets since Hindenburg's appointment of Heinrich Brüning as Chancellor in March 1930. Hindenburg specifically wanted a cabinet of the nationalist right, without participation by the Catholic Centre Party or the Social Democratic Party, which had been the mainstays of earlier parliamentary cabinets. Hindenburg turned to Papen, a former Chancellor himself, to bring such a body together, but blanched at appointing Hitler as Chancellor. Papen was certain that Hitler and the Nazi Party had to be included, but Hitler had previously turned down the position of Vice Chancellor. So Papen, with the help of Hindenburg's son Oskar, persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler Chancellor.

Initially, the Hitler cabinet, like its immediate predecessors, ruled through Presidential decrees written by the cabinet and signed by Hindenburg. However, the Enabling Act of 1933, passed two months after Hitler took office, gave the cabinet the power to make laws without legislative consent or Hindenburg's signature. In effect, the power to rule by decree was vested in Hitler, and for all intents and purposes it made him a dictator. After the Enabling Act's passage, serious deliberations more or less ended at cabinet meetings. It met only sporadically after 1934, and last met in full on 5 February 1938.

When Hitler came to power, the cabinet consisted of the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor and the heads of 10 Reich Ministries. Between 1933 and 1941 six new Reichsministries were established, but the War Ministry was abolished and replaced by the OKW. The cabinet was further enlarged by the addition of several Reichsministers without Portfolio and by other officials, such as the commanders-in-chief of the armed services, who were granted the rank and authority of Reichsministers but without the title. In addition, various officials – though not formally Reichsministers – such as Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach, Prussian Finance Minister Johannes Popitz, and Chief of the Organisation for Germans Abroad, Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, were authorised to participate in Reich cabinet meetings when issues within their area of jurisdiction were under discussion. As the Nazis consolidated political power, other parties were outlawed or dissolved themselves. Of the three original DNVP ministers, Franz Seldte joined the Nazi Party in April 1933, Hugenberg departed the cabinet in June when the DNVP was dissolved and Gürtner stayed on without a party designation. There were originally several other independent politicians in the cabinet, mainly holdovers from previous governments. Gereke was the first of these to be dismissed when he was arrested for embezzlement on 23 March 1933. Papen was then dismissed in early August 1934. Then, on 30 January 1937, Hitler presented the Golden Party Badge to all remaining non-Nazi members of the cabinet (Blomberg, Eltz-Rübenach, Fritsch, Gürtner, Neurath, Raeder & Schacht) and enrolled them in the Party. Only Eltz-Rübenach, a devout Roman Catholic, refused and resigned. Similarly, on 20 April 1939, Brauchitsh and Keitel were presented with the Golden Party Badge. Dorpmüller received it in December 1940 and formally joined the Party on 1 February 1941. Dönitz followed on 30 January 1944. Thus, no independent politicians or military leaders were left in the cabinet.

The actual power of the cabinet as a body was minimised when it stopped meeting in person and decrees were worked out between the ministries by sharing and marking-up draft proposals, which only went to Hitler for rejection, revision or signing when that process was completed. The cabinet was also overshadowed by the numerous ad hoc agencies – both of the state and of the Nazi Party – such as Supreme Reich Authorities and plenipotentiaries – that Hitler caused to be created to deal with specific problems and situations. Individual ministers, however, especially Göring, Goebbels, Himmler, Speer, and Bormann, held extensive power, at least until, in the case of Göring and Speer, Hitler came to distrust them.

By the final years of World War II, Bormann had emerged as the most powerful minister, not because he was head of the Party Chancellery, which was the basis of his position in the cabinet, but because of his control of access to Hitler in his role as Secretary to the Führer.

Composition
The Reich cabinet consisted of the following Ministers:

Timeline

 * March 1933: Joseph Goebbels enters the cabinet as Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.
 * March 1933: Günther Gereke is arrested and dismissed as Reichskommissar for Employment.
 * April 1933: Franz Seldte leaves the German National People's Party and becomes a member of the Nazi Party.
 * May 1933: Hermann Göring takes a portfolio as Reich Minister of Aviation.
 * June 1933: Kurt Schmitt succeeds Alfred Hugenberg as Reich Minister of Economics. Richard Walther Darré succeeds Hugenberg as Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture.
 * December 1933: Ernst Röhm and Rudolf Hess enter the Cabinet as Reich Ministers without Portfolio.
 * May 1934: Bernhard Rust enters the Cabinet as Reich Minister of Science, Education and Culture.
 * June 1934: Hanns Kerrl enters the Cabinet as a Reich Minister without Portfolio.
 * June 1934: Röhm, Reich Minister without Portfolio, is murdered.
 * July 1934: Göring (already a Reich Minister) is also granted cabinet rank as the Reichsforstmeister in the Reich Forestry Office.
 * August 1934: Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen leaves the cabinet. A new Vice-Chancellor is not installed.
 * August 1934: Hjalmar Schacht succeeds Schmitt as Reich Minister of Economics.
 * December 1934: Hans Frank enters the Cabinet as Reich Minister without Portfolio.
 * March 1935: Göring takes another portfolio as Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe.
 * May 1935: The title of Reich Minister of Defense is replaced by that of Reich Minister of War. Werner von Blomberg retains the office.
 * July 1935: Kerrl takes a portfolio as Reich Minister of Church Affairs.
 * April 1936: Werner von Fritsch, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, and Erich Raeder, Commander in Chief of the Navy, are granted cabinet rank.
 * January 1937: Blomberg, Fritsch, Gürtner, Krosigk, Meissner, Neurath, Raeder, and Schacht accept the Golden Party Badge and become members of the Nazi Party. Eltz-Rubenach refuses and is forced to resign.
 * February 1937: Wilhelm Ohnesorge succeeds Eltz-Rübenach as Reich Minister of Posts. Julius Dorpmüller succeeds Eltz-Rübenach as Reich Minister of Transport.
 * November 1937: Göring succeeds Schacht as Reich Minister of Economics. Schacht becomes Reich Minister without Portfolio.
 * November 1937: Hans Lammers, Chief of the Reich Chancellery, becomes a Reich Minister without Portfolio.
 * December 1937: Otto Meissner is granted cabinet rank as Minister of State and Head of the Presidential Chancellery.
 * February 1938: Walther Funk succeeds Göring as Reich Minister of Economics.
 * February 1938: Joachim von Ribbentrop replaces Neurath as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Neurath remains a Reich Minister (without portfolio).
 * February 1938: Blomberg resigns as Reich Minister of War and his office is abolished. General Wilhelm Keitel, Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces, is granted cabinet rank.
 * February 1938: Walther von Brauchitsch succeeds Fritsch as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and is granted cabinet rank.
 * April 1939: Brauchitsch and Keitel accept the Golden Party Badge.
 * May 1939: Arthur Seyss-Inquart enters the Cabinet as a Reich Minister (without portfolio).
 * March 1940: Fritz Todt enters the Cabinet as Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions.
 * January 1941: Franz Schlegelberger succeeds Gürtner as Acting Reich Minister of Justice.
 * February 1941: Dorpmüller, Reich Minister of Transport, joins the Nazi Party.
 * May 1941: Hess is dismissed from the Cabinet.
 * May 1941: Martin Bormann is granted cabinet rank as the Chief of the Nazi Party Chancellery.
 * July 1941: Alfred Rosenberg enters the Cabinet as Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.
 * December 1941: Kerrl, the Reich Minister of Church Affairs, dies. Hermann Muhs becomes Acting Reich Minister.
 * December 1941: Brauchitsch resigns as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Hitler himself takes up the position.
 * February 1942: Albert Speer succeeds Todt as Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions.
 * May 1942: Darré placed on extended leave of absence. Herbert Backe becomes Acting Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture.
 * August 1942: Otto Georg Thierack succeeds Schlegelberger as Reich Minister of Justice.
 * January 1943: Karl Dönitz succeeds Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and is granted cabinet rank.
 * January 1943: Lammers appointed President of the Reich Cabinet (Cabinet President in Hitler's absence).
 * January 1943: Schacht departs the Cabinet.
 * August 1943: Heinrich Himmler succeeds Frick as Reich Minister of the Interior. Frick remains a Reich Minister (without portfolio).
 * August 1943: Konstantin Hierl enters the Cabinet as a Reich Minister (without portfolio).
 * August 1943: Karl Hermann Frank is granted cabinet rank as Minister of State for the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia.
 * September 1943: Speer's ministerial authority is extended to cover the entire German war industry, and is elevated to Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production.
 * January 1944: Dönitz accepts the Golden Party Badge and becomes a member of the Nazi Party.
 * April 1944: Backe becomes Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture.
 * April 1945: Göring and Lammers are forced to resign from the cabinet.

End of cabinet
The last meeting of Hitler's cabinet took place on 5 February 1938. As the Third Reich government was disintegrating at the end of the Second World War and following Hitler's death on 30 April 1945, it was succeeded by the short-lived Goebbels Cabinet, which was itself replaced on 2 May by the Cabinet of Schwerin von Krosigk commonly known as the Flensburg Government.

Postwar indictment and result of prosecutions
As part of the Reichsregierung (Reich Government) the Reich Cabinet was indicted as a criminal organisation by the International Military Tribunal. It was ultimately adjudged at the conclusion of the Nuremberg trials not to be a criminal organisation. With regard to the individual members, by the fall of the Nazi regime in May 1945 five members of the Reich Cabinet had committed suicide (Hitler, Bormann, Himmler, Goebbels, & Rust). Six others had already died (von Eltz-Rübenach, von Fritsch, Gürtner, Kerrl, Röhm, & Todt). However, 15 surviving members of the Cabinet were individually indicted and tried for war crimes by the IMT along with Martin Bormann who was tried in absentia as he was thought to be still alive. Eight were sentenced to death (Bormann, Hans Frank, Frick, Göring, Keitel, von Ribbentrop, Rosenberg, & Seyss-Inquart) six were imprisoned (Dönitz, Funk, Hess, von Neurath, Raeder, & Speer) and two (Schacht & von Papen) were acquitted.

An additional four Cabinet members (Darré, Lammers, Meissner, & Schwerin von Krosigk) were tried by a US military court in the subsequent Ministries Trial; all but Meissner were convicted and imprisoned. One (Schlegelberger) was tried in the Judges' Trial and imprisoned. One (Karl Hermann Frank) was tried by a Czech court and sentenced to death. Another five (Backe, von Blomberg, von Brauchitsch, Seldte, & Thierack) died in Allied custody before being brought to trial. Finally, the remaining cabinet members, including some of those acquitted in the Allied trials, were brought before special German denazification courts which categorised their level of guilt and determined whether punishment was warranted. Among those convicted under this process were Hierl, von Papen, and Schacht.

title: Hitler cabinet


text:
Kool-Aid Man

The Kool-Aid Man (sometimes referred to as the Kool-Aid Guy or Captain Kool-Aid) is the official mascot for Kool-Aid, a brand of flavored drink mix. The character has appeared on television and in print advertising as a fun-loving, gigantic, and joyful anthropomorphic pitcher filled with the original flavor of Kool-Aid which was Cherry Kool-Aid. He is typically featured answering the call of children by smashing through walls or furnishings and then holding a pitcher filled with Kool-Aid while saying his catchphrase, "Oh, yeah!" He had a comic series produced by Marvel Entertainment where he fought villains known as "Thirsties" and even fought a man engulfed in fire named Scorch. He can also come in many different colors such as red, blue, green, and purple.

History
The precursor to Kool-Aid Man, "the Pitcher Man", was created on July 10, 1954. Marvin Potts, an art director for a New York advertising agency, was hired by General Foods to create an image that would accompany the slogan "A 5-cent package makes two quarts". Inspired by watching his young son draw smiley faces on a frosted window, Potts created the Pitcher Man, a glass pitcher with a wide smile emblazoned on its side and filled with Kool-Aid. It was one of several designs he created, but the only one that stuck, and General Foods began to use the Pitcher Man in all of its advertisements. The character's face was sometimes animated in synchronization with the jingle. In 1974, arms and legs were added and Kool-Aid Man was introduced as a 6-foot-tall pitcher of cherry Kool-Aid, reportedly voiced by Grey Advertising composer Richard Berg and created by Alan Kupchick and Harold Karp (of Grey Advertising). Children, parched from playing, or other various activities, typically exchanged a few words referring to their thirst, then put a hand to the side of their mouths and shouted "Hey, Kool-Aid!", whereupon Kool-Aid Man made his grand entrance, breaking through walls, fences, ceilings, or furnishings, uttering the famous words "Oh, yeah!", then poured the dehydrated youngsters a glass of Kool-Aid. In 1979, the character's mouth was again animated to move in synchronization with the voice actor's singing and/or dialogue.

From at least 1979 to 1981, the character was known in Canada as Captain Kool-Aid.

By the 1980s, Kool-Aid Man had attained pop-culture icon status, and in 1983, was the subject of two video games for the Atari 2600 and Intellivision systems. He was also given his own short-lived comic book series (prior to that, he starred in a two-issue series published by the General Foods Corporation in 1975) called The Adventures of Kool-Aid Man. It ran for three issues under Marvel Comics from 1983 to 1985 and continued with issues #4-9 under Archie Comics, with art by Dan DeCarlo, from 1987 to 1990. It featured the Thirsties, a group of anthropomorphic sun-like creatures, as villains.

In 1994, the live-action character was retired, and from then until 2008, the character became entirely computer-generated, but other characters, such as the children, remained live-action. In 1999, singer and voice actor Frank Simms began voicing the character. In 2009, the live-action character returned, playing street basketball and battling "Cola" to stay balanced on a log, where he was voiced by Pat Duke. Keith Hudson also briefly voiced the character in several Kraft Foods commercials. In 2015, the character was voiced by Scott Golden. In 2016, Brock Powell took over the role for Kool-Aid's major rebranding, including collaborations with Progressive automotive and Nickelodeon and voiced the character for several digital campaigns until officially "passing the pitcher" in 2019. In 2020, Matt Howell began voicing the character.

In popular culture
American artist David Hammons used Kool-Aid and incorporated a stamp of the Kool-Aid Man for a piece that hung in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.

The Kool-Aid Man is a playable character in Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff.

In May 2016, the Kool-Aid Man appeared in a television commercial for the American insurance company Progressive, voiced again by Brock Powell.

In December 2018, the Kool-Aid Man appeared with rapper Lil Jon in his Christmas song "All I Really Want for Christmas". As of April 2024, the video has more than million views. Critical reception was positive. Fast Company called it "epic and bonkers". Entertainment Weekly said: "Lil Jon has given us all a true gift". Billboard named it "the greatest Christmas song of all time". The Houston Chronicle said, "you have to see this".

In a Super Bowl LIV TV ad in 2020, Kool-Aid Man, alongside Mr. Clean, appeared in a commercial for fellow Kraft Heinz product Planters, shown as an attendee of the funeral of Mr. Peanut. His tears end up causing a new, baby Mr. Peanut to grow from the ground.

In January 2024, Bring Me the Horizon released the single "Kool-Aid". An edited depiction of the Kool-Aid man appears as the cover art for the single.

Reception
Time magazine included the Kool-Aid Man on a list of the "Top 10 Creepiest Product Mascots", saying: "Our biggest gripe with Kool-Aid Man: Why did he have to cause such a mess every time he entered the scene?"

title: Kool-Aid Man


text:
Talk:2004 in New Zealand

Untitled
Please discuss the format of this page as it'll serve as a model of all the others. Obvious things that need to be decided include exactly who and how we will include incumbents. I'd suggets perhaps only the top half dozen members of cabinet but how do we format those with multiple portfolios?. Lots of other links need to be fixed as well like political party names. I would guess things like Winners in various national sports could be included etc etc. SimonLyall 16:09, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

To be added

 * Storms over the winter and flood damage.
 * Allegations of abuse at Waioru camp.
 * Full election results for local body elections (perhaps this should be a seperate page). Perhaps more on the buildup.
 * NZ Idol for tv programs
 * There were also a couple of feature films released.

No time to properly look up the correct dates, but these I consider utterly essential to be included on this page:

Under Death(or maybe even sport too?): Arthur Lydiard Dying (have put Lydiard in there now). Infact this I could possibly argue is major enough to be included in the main 2004 page. Although I realise this may not stand out as the one major thing people will remember from 2004 it certainly is for me and many other people. This main utterly changed the face of not just running worldwide(he is the reason that the "average joe" jogs now) but sport as a whole. So I'm totally surprised that he is not mention on at least the 2004 in nz page.

These are additions aren't of quite the same importance that they would be included on the main 2004 page but they are of such major interest they ought to be mentioned in the sports section of the 2004 in nz:

Ulmer's gold medal, not only did she win a gold medal but she did it a truely amazing fashion(not to mention has done very well during the rest of the year beforehand too).

The gold and silver in triathlon at the olypmics, this surely rates right up there with the Snell and Davies victories of 1964. Could also mention Docherty is this years world champion.

The gold medals in rowing by the twins as well as their general recent dominance.

Mathmo

 * Agreed with most of the above. Also:
 * * The Israeli spy affair
 * * Queens birthday and New Year honours.
 * * John Tamaheri (sp)
 * There is already a New Zealand local body elections 2004 page (started by me) that has a lot of detail missing so feel very free to add more details. - SimonLyall 09:07, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * There is already a New Zealand local body elections 2004 page (started by me) that has a lot of detail missing so feel very free to add more details. - SimonLyall 09:07, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * There is already a New Zealand local body elections 2004 page (started by me) that has a lot of detail missing so feel very free to add more details. - SimonLyall 09:07, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

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--JeffGBot (talk) 12:37, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

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--JeffGBot (talk) 12:37, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.hansard.parliament.govt.nz/hansard/Final/FINAL_2004_03_04.htm
 * In 2004 in New Zealand on 2011-05-25 07:51:10, 404 Not Found
 * In 2004 in New Zealand on 2011-06-11 12:37:50, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 12:38, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:2004 in New Zealand


text:
Ioan James

Ioan Mackenzie James FRS (born 23 May 1928) is a British mathematician working in the field of topology, particularly in homotopy theory.

Biography
James was born in Croydon, Surrey, England, and was educated at St Paul's School, London and Queen's College, Oxford. In 1953 he earned a D. Phil. from the University of Oxford for his thesis entitled Some problems in algebraic topology, written under the direction of J. H. C. Whitehead.

In 1957 he was appointed reader in pure mathematics, a post which he held until 1969. From 1959 until 1969 he was a senior research fellow at St John's College. He held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at the University of Oxford from 1970 to 1995. He is now a professor emeritus.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968. In 1978 the London Mathematical Society awarded him the Senior Whitehead Prize, which was established in honour of his doctoral supervisor, Whitehead. In 1984 he became President of the London Mathematical Society.

He married Rosemary Stewart, a writer and researcher in business management and healthcare management, in 1961. She died in 2015, aged 90.

Books

 * 🇦🇹, Topologies and Uniformities (Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series), Springer, 1999.
 * 🇦🇹, Remarkable Mathematicians, From Euler to von Neumann, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
 * 🇦🇹, Remarkable Physicists: From Galileo to Yukawa, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
 * 🇦🇹,  Asperger's Syndrome And High Achievement: Some Very Remarkable People, Jessica Kingsley Pub, 2005.
 * 🇦🇹, The Mind of the Mathematician, JHU Press, 2007.
 * 🇦🇹, Driven to Innovate: A Century of Jewish Mathematicians and Physicists, Peter Lang Oxford, 2009.
 * 🇦🇹, Remarkable Biologists: From Ray to Hamilton, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
 * 🇦🇹, Remarkable Engineers: From Riquet to Shannon, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

title: Ioan James


text:
Talk:Sukhoi Su-25

Semi-protected edit request on 11 June 2023
Small grammar edit for the SU-25TM variant paragraph. "the container under fuselage" should be changed to " the container under the fuselage" Largelizard (talk) 23:20, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your note. I changed it to "in an under fuselage container" as I thought that was an improvement. I hope that suits? - Ahunt (talk) 23:23, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Largelizard (talk) 21:13, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Frogfoot
Why this reporting name, and what is a frogfoot? Foot of a frog? Thank you, Maikel (talk) 05:59, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * OK, I did a li'l bit of research. The initial F stands for Fighter or Fighter/Attack, and the word itself is a two-syllable neologism.
 * Also, quote: "Frogfoot," the reporting name for the Sukhoi Su-25, references the aircraft's close air support role. Maikel (talk) 07:46, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sukhoi Su-25


text:
Pillsbury Doughboy

Poppin' Fresh, more widely known as the Pillsbury Doughboy, is an advertising mascot for the Pillsbury Company, appearing in many of their commercials. Many commercials from 1965 until 2005 (together with some for GEICO between 2009 and 2017) ended with a human finger poking the Doughboy's belly. The Doughboy responds by giggling when his belly is poked (Hoo-Hoo!, or earlier on, a slight giggle "tee hee").

History
The Pillsbury Doughboy was created by Rudolph 'Rudy' Perz, a copywriter for Pillsbury's longtime advertising agency Leo Burnett. Perz was sitting in his kitchen in the spring of 1965, under pressure to create an advertising campaign for Pillsbury's refrigerated dough product line (biscuits, dinner rolls, sweet rolls, and cookies). His copywriter, Carol H. Williams, imagined a living doughboy popping out of a Pillsbury refrigerated dough can and wrote the campaign, "Say Hello to Poppin' Fresh Dough". Williams was inducted into the American Advertising Federation Hall of Fame in 2017.

Character
Originally named "Jonathan Pillsbury", the doughboy was given a scarf, a chef's hat, and two big blue eyes to distinguish him from the rolls, as well as a faint blush and a soft, warm chuckle when poked on the belly. The Doughboy was originally designed by Milt Schaffer

Voice actor Paul Frees was chosen to be Fresh's voice. Stop-motion animator Jim Danforth was hired to animate him. The first Poppin' Fresh commercials aired in November 1965. Since then, Pillsbury has used Poppin' Fresh in more than 600 commercials for more than fifty of its products. He also appeared in a MasterCard's "Icons" commercial in 2005 during Super Bowl XXXIX, with the Jolly Green Giant, the Morton Salt Girl, the Vlasic stork, Charlie the Tuna, Mr. Peanut, Count Chocula, the Gorton's Fisherman, Chef Boyardee, and Mr. Clean as some of the ten merchandising icons, depicted as having dinner together. He even appears in ads for the Got Milk? company and the Sprint Phone Company, and the GEICO insurance company. He also made a cameo appearance in the 1987 animation film The Puppetoon Movie.

After Frees' death in 1986, Jeff Bergman took over the role, until 2014. The high-pitched giggles were done by JoBe Cerny between 2014 and 2019. Evan Mangiamele has voiced the doughboy since 2019. In two adverts for the UK in 1976, British voice actor Peter Hawkins voiced the character.

Animation
Perz originally conceived the Doughboy as a cartoon animated figure but changed his mind after seeing a stop-motion technique used in the opening credits for The Dinah Shore Show. Cascade Pictures was hired to create a three-dimensional Doughboy puppet at a cost of $16,000.

The Doughboy was brought to life with stop-motion animation, using foam rubber puppets with ball and socket armatures inside for the body. The heads were typically made of resin, each with different mouth shapes or expression and animated using a replacement animation technique whereby the head would be swapped out frame-by-frame to match the mouth movements to the dialog. Beginning in 1992, the animation technique was changed to CGI animation, and continues to be used in new ads.

Pillsbury family
In the 1970s, a Pillsbury Doughboy family was created and sold as dolls individually and in the form of various playsets.

Included in the family are:
 * Poppin' Fresh
 * Poppie Fresh (a.k.a. Mrs. Poppin' Fresh, Pillsbury Doughgirl). It is debated among collectors as to whether Poppie is Poppin's wife, girlfriend, or sister.
 * Granpopper and Granmommer (grandparents)
 * Popper (boy) and Bun-Bun (baby, girl)
 * Flapjack (dog) and Biscuit (cat)
 * Uncle Rollie

Trademark conflict
In May 2010, Pillsbury's lawyers served a cease and desist notice to My Dough Girl, LLC., a Salt Lake City, Utah cookie retailer. Some reported that an attorney for General Mills instructed her not to talk to the press.

title: Pillsbury Doughboy


text:
Missing person

A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as their location and condition are unknown. A person may go missing through a voluntary disappearance, or else due to an accident, crime, death in a location where they cannot be found (such as at sea), or many other reasons. In most parts of the world, a missing person will usually be found quickly. While criminal abductions are some of the most widely reported missing person cases, these account for only 2–5% of missing children in Europe.

By contrast, some missing person cases remain unresolved for many years. Laws related to these cases are often complex since, in many jurisdictions, relatives and third parties may not deal with a person's assets until their death is considered proven by law and a formal death certificate issued. The situation, uncertainties, and lack of closure or a funeral resulting when a person goes missing may be extremely painful with long-lasting effects on family and friends.

A number of organizations seek to connect, share best practices, and disseminate information and images of missing children to improve the effectiveness of missing children investigations, including the International Commission on Missing Persons, the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), as well as national organizations, including the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children in the US, Missing People in the UK, Child Focus in Belgium, and The Smile of the Child in Greece.

Reasons
People disappear for many reasons. Some individuals choose to disappear, for others disappearance is inadvertent (e.g. getting lost) or it is imposed on them (abduction/imprisonment). Reasons for disappearance may include:

 * To escape domestic abuse.
 * Leaving home to live in an unknown place under a new identity.
 * Becoming the victim of kidnapping.
 * Child abduction by a non-custodial parent or other relative.
 * Seizure by the federal authorities (Military, law enforcement, government) and imprisoned / detained indefinitely / tortured fatally / non fatally for an unknown period of time in an undisclosed guarded location without due process of law (see forced disappearance).
 * Suicide in a remote location or under an assumed name (generally to spare their families the suicide at home or to allow their deaths to be eventually declared in absentia).
 * Victim of murder (body disguised, destroyed, or hidden).
 * Mental illness or other ailments such as Alzheimer's disease can cause people to forget where or who they are.
 * Death by natural causes (disease) or accident far from home without identification.
 * Becoming lost accidentally in remote areas, including when participating in outdoor recreation or labour (hiking, mountaineering, hunting, etc.)
 * Disappearance to take advantage of better employment or living conditions elsewhere.
 * Sold into slavery, serfdom, sexual servitude, or other unfree labor.
 * To avoid discovery of a crime or apprehension by law-enforcement authorities, (See also failure to appear.) and punishment after committing a such crime (murder, theft, rape, terrorism, fraud, etc.).
 * Joining a cult or other religious organization that requires no contact to the outside world.
 * To avoid war or persecution during a genocide.
 * As a consequence of war – e.g. missing in action, impressment, collateral damage
 * To escape famine or natural disaster.
 * Death by floods, flash floods, debris flows, hurricanes, tsunamis and tornadoes.
 * Death in the water, with no body recovered.
 * Aviation accident where no wreckage is found or ship wreck where no wreckage is found
 * Desertion during war or absent without leave (AWOL).
 * To avoid conscription.
 * Hostage.
 * To avoid paying someone or something.

Categories of missing children

 * Runaways: Minors who run away from home, from the institution where they have been placed, or from the people responsible for their care.
 * Thrownaways: Minors who are abandoned by their parents or guardians.
 * Parental abduction: Minors who are abducted by their parents or guardians for unknown reasons.
 * Non-parental abduction: Minors who are abducted by non-parental means. (e.g. random kidnapping on streets by random people.)
 * Missing unaccompanied migrant minors: Disappearances of migrant children, nationals of a country in which there is no free movement of persons, under the age of 18 who have been separated from both parents and are not being cared for by an adult, who by law is responsible for doing so.
 * Lost, injured or otherwise missing children: Disappearances for no apparent reason of minors who got lost (e.g., young children at the seaside in summer) or hurt themselves and cannot be found immediately (e.g. accidents during sport activities, at youth camps, etc.), as well as children whose reason for disappearing has not yet been determined or found.

Legal aspects
A common misconception is that a person must be absent for at least 24 hours before being legally classed as missing, but this is rarely the case. Law enforcement agencies often stress that the case should be reported as early as possible. In fact, it is extremely crucial to report a missing person as soon as possible. This is in order to take immediate action in the vital first 48 hours after a person is declared missing. In these 48 hours, the police will be able to interview any eyewitness and get any suspect descriptions while it is still fresh in their minds.

In most common law jurisdictions, a missing person can be declared dead in absentia (or "legally dead") after seven years. This time frame may be reduced in certain cases, such as deaths in major battles or mass disasters such as the September 11 attacks.

Searches
In most countries, the police are the default agency for leading an investigation into a missing person case. Disappearances at sea are a general exception, as these require a specialized agency such as a coast guard. In many countries, such as the United States, voluntary search and rescue teams can be called out to assist the police in the search. Rescue agencies such as fire departments, mountain rescue and cave rescue may also participate in cases that require their specialized resources.

Police forces such as Lancashire Constabulary stress the need to try to find the person quickly, to assess how vulnerable the person is, and to search places that the person may have links to.

Various charities exist to assist the investigations into unsolved cases. These include the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children in the US, Missing People in the UK, Child Focus in Belgium, and The Smile of the Child in Greece. Some missing person cases are given wide media coverage, with the searchers turning to the public for assistance. The persons' photographs may be displayed on bulletin boards, milk cartons, postcards, websites and social media to publicize their description.

Ethnicity and socioeconomic status
A racial disparity between the American news media response when a white individual goes missing and when a black individual goes missing has been observed. According to Seong-Jae Min & John C. Feaster, throughout history the news media has provided white individuals, particularly affluent women, more comprehensive news coverage than people of color. The authors have noted that while a correlation has been established, they have no clear causation. They suggest that the socioeconomic status or attractiveness of a child may also influence their chances of appearing in the news media.

American journalist Howard Kurtz, best known for his analysis of the media, supported the conclusion that a person's race and socioeconomic status impacted media coverage. He gave the kidnappings of Elizabeth Smart and Alexis Patterson as an example—when Smart, a young affluent Caucasian girl from Utah, went missing, the media coverage was worldwide. After several months of searching, she was found alive. In comparison, when Patterson, a young black girl from Wisconsin, went missing, she received only local news coverage and is still missing to this day.

Within the U.S., there are several organizations that bring awareness and equality to missing people of color, such as the Black and Missing Foundation, a non-profit organization founded in 2008. The Black and Missing Foundation's goal is to provide resources to families of missing people of color and educate minority groups on personal safety. Additionally, Deidra Robey leads a non-profit organization called Black and Missing but not Forgotten, which provides assistance in spreading awareness about a missing person.

It has also been speculated by Kristen Gilchrist that, in Canadian news media, Aboriginal women receive three and a half times less coverage than white women. Their articles were found to be shorter and less detailed—with an average word count for white women of 713 compared to 518 for Aboriginal women—and less likely to be front-page news. Depictions of the Aboriginals were also described by Gilchrist as more "detached" in tone.

Emphasis on stranger kidnappings
Some of the most widely covered missing person cases have been kidnappings of children by strangers; however these instances are rare. In most parts of the world, criminal abductions make up only a small percentage of missing person cases and, in turn, most of these abductions are by someone who knows the child (such as a non-custodial parent). A child staying too long with a non-custodial parent can be enough to qualify as an abduction. During the year 1999 in the United States, there were an estimated 800,000 reported missing children cases. Of these, 203,900 children were reported as the victims of family abductions and 58,200 of non-family abductions. However, only 115 were the result of "stereotypical" kidnaps (by someone unknown or of slight acquaintance to the child, taking them a long distance with intent to murder or to hold them permanently or for ransom).

International statistics and efforts
The Wall Street Journal reported in 2012 that: "It is estimated that some 8 million children go missing around the world each year." The BBC News reported that of the children who go missing worldwide, "while usually the child is found quickly the ordeal can sometimes last months, even years."

The issue of child disappearances is increasingly recognized as a concern for national and international policy makers especially in cross border abduction cases, organized child trafficking and child pornography as well as the transient nature of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum.

According to the UNHCR, over 15,000 unaccompanied and separated children claimed asylum in the European Union, Norway and Switzerland in 2009. The precarious situation of these children makes them particularly vulnerable to human rights abuses, rendering their protection critical, given the high risks to which they are exposed. Most of these children are boys aged 14 years and over, with diverse ethnic, cultural, religious and social backgrounds mainly originating from Afghanistan, Somalia, Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea and Iraq.

Among exploiters taking advantage of the children, are sometimes their own relatives who gain benefit in the form of social or family allowances. According to research done by Frontex, some types of threats faced by unaccompanied migrant minors include sexual exploitation in terms of pornography, prostitution and the internet; economic exploitation including forced donation of organs; criminal exploitation including drug smuggling and child trafficking including forced marriage and begging.

Criminal networks are heavily involved with human trafficking to the EU and this includes also exploitation of minors as manpower in the sex trade and other criminal activities. According to a 2007 UNICEF report on Child Trafficking in Europe, 2 million children are being trafficked in Europe every year. Child trafficking occurs in virtually all countries in Europe. There is no clear-cut distinction between countries of origin and destination in Europe. Trafficking in children has been perceived mainly in connection with sexual exploitation, but the reality is much more complex. Children in Europe are also trafficked for exploitation through labor, domestic servitude, begging, criminal activities and other exploitative purposes.

In the report, UNICEF also warns that there is a dramatic absence of harmonized and systematic data collection, analysis and dissemination at all levels without which countries lack important evidence that informs national policies and responses. Missing Children Europe, the European federation for missing children, aims to meet this need. The CRM system is expected to have a clear impact on the way hotlines are able to work together and collect data on the problem of missing children.

The British Asylum Screening Unit estimated that 60% of the unaccompanied minors accommodated in social care centres in the UK go missing and are not found again. In the UK these open centres, from where minors are able to call their traffickers, act as 'human markets' for the facilitators and traffickers who generally collect their prey within 24 hours of arrival in the UK. According to the CIA out of the 800,000 people trafficked annually across national borders in the world, up to 50% are minors.

The United Nations is operating a Commission on Missing Persons that serves as an international coordination center and provides also statistical material regarding missing persons worldwide. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement strives to clarify the fate and whereabouts of missing persons when loss of contact is due to armed conflict or other situations of violence; natural or man-made disaster; migration and in other situations of humanitarian need. It is also supporting the families of missing persons to rebuild their social lives and find emotional well-being.

Austria
Austria has a competence center for missing persons. The police records the missing person's data, which is stored in the Austrian Search System (EKIS) and (automatically) in the Schengen Information System (SIS).

In 2016, a total of 8,887 cases were processed and stored in the EKIS. Of these, 6,322 cases involved EU citizens, except for 44 resolved, and 2,565 non-EU citizens, except for 264 resolved. As of October 1, 2017, a total of 1,300 people were reported missing in Austria: 349 were women, 198 of whom were minors; 951 were male, of whom 597 were minors. The number of EU citizens who were stored in the EKIS as missing was between 400 and 500 at all times mentioned in 2015 to 2017. In 2017, 10,000 missing person reports were filed in Austria. As of May 1, 2018, 1,267 people had been reported missing, including 746 children and young people. Only 505 came from EU countries.

In January 2019, 1037 people were recorded as missing in the EKIS, in January 2020 884 people. Between 2016 and 2019, 85 percent of missing persons cases were resolved within a week, 95 percent within a month, 97 percent within six months and 98 percent within a year. In 2019, the KAP published a search in only 13 cases, the result of which was: eight alive, three dead, two still missing.

The legal status of missing persons in Austria is regulated by the Declaration of Death Act (Todeserklärungsgesetz).

Australia
Over 305,000 people were reported missing in Australia from 2008 to 2015 (Bricknell, 2017), which is estimated to be one person reported missing every 18 minutes (Henderson, Henderson & Kienan, 2000). Around 38,159 missing person reports are made on average every year in Australia (Bricknell, 2017). James, Anderson and Putt (2008) found that around 12,001 females and 12,505 males went missing in Australia in 2008.

Canada
Royal Canadian Mounted Police missing child statistics for a ten-year period show a total of 60,582 missing children in 2007.

France
The file named Fichier des personnes recherchées (FPR) is a data collection of the French national police. It is also under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence.

Ireland
On May 26, 2002, a monument to missing persons was unveiled in County Kilkenny, Ireland by President Mary McAleese. It was the first monument of its kind in the world.

Jamaica
The founder of Jamaica's Hear the Children's Cry, child-rights advocate Betty Ann Blaine, asked the government to introduce missing-children legislation in Jamaica. She said in May 2015: "Jamaica is facing a crisis of missing children. Every single month, we have approximately 150 reports of children who go missing. That is a crisis because we are only 2.7 million people." She said her organization would work with the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) to recommend a model law to the Parliament of Jamaica.

Japan
It has been estimated that one hundred thousand Japanese people disappear annually. The term jouhatsu refers to the people in Japan who purposely vanish from their established lives without a trace.

Latin America
In the 1970s and 1980s, almost all South American countries were ruled for a long time by right-wing military dictatorships. Most of them violently suppressed the opposition, usually with the secret kidnapping of unwanted people by unnamed members of the security forces.

While the families reported the disappearances, the victims were unjustly imprisoned, tortured and finally killed. In Argentina, they were loaded onto a plane and thrown into the sea. During the Argentina's military dictatorship (1976–1983), almost 30,000 people disappeared in this way, permanently and without leaving any trace.

Russia
According to a report by the Russian news agency TASS released in 2018, between 70,000 and 100,000 people go missing in Russia every year. About 25% of missing persons cases remain unsolved.

Switzerland
The cantonal police are responsible for reports of disappearances, which do not have specialized sections on the matter. The complaint can be filed one year after an event that can be linked to a danger to life or five years after the last sign of life of the interested person. If the person found by the authorities is of age, they can only inform other people with her consent.

Police search and emergency room costs are usually charged in part or in full to the applicants. Helicopter searches are particularly expensive. The insurance covers the costs if the situation was not caused by gross negligence, if there is a risk of death and if there is a reasonable chance of survival.

A relatively large number of people are lost in Switzerland due to accidents in alpine sports. In the event of melting glaciers, the police have issued instructions on how to deal with the bodies: photograph the finds, mark them, write down the coordinates and, if there is a risk that the finds or their location may not be found a second time, they must be picked up and delivered to the nearest police station.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, The Huffington Post reported in 2012, over 140,000 children go missing each year, as calculated by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) of the United Kingdom's National Crime Agency.

United States
Statistical information on missing persons in the US is provided by annual National Crime Information Center (NCIC) "Missing Person and Unidentified Person Statistics", annual AMBER Alert Reports (minors only) and a comprehensive 2002 NISMART–2 study (covering children missing in year 1999).

AMBER Alerts are reserved for confirmed abductions, where the child is at risk of serious injury or death. In 2018, 161 such alerts were issued, concerning 203 children. Of those 161 cases, 23 were found to be hoaxes or unfounded (minor was not missing), 92 were familial abductions, 38 were non-familial abductions and remaining 8 were runaways, lost, injured or unclassified. As of early 2019, 11 children were still missing and 7 were found deceased, with remaining children having been recovered. Notably, even though all states have operational AMBER program, 16 did not issue any alerts in 2018.

National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children (NISMART–2) study by the U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention from 2002 comprehensively described missing children cases for year 1999. The study considered a child missing when the child's whereabouts were unknown to the primary caretaker, with the result that the caretaker was alarmed for at least 1 hour and tried to locate the child. The estimated number of "caretaker missing children (reported and not reported)" was around 1.3 million, with about 800 thousand missing children estimated to have been reported. The 1,300,000 number is further broken down into approximately 33,000 non-familial abductions, 117,000 familial abductions, 629,000 runaway/thrownaway cases, 198,000 lost/injured, and 375,000 "benign explanations". By the time the study data were collected, 99.8% of 1.3 million caretaker missing children had been returned home alive or located. Only 0.2% percent or 2,500 had not, the vast majority of which were runaways from institutions. Furthermore, only an estimated 115 of 33,000 non-familial abductions were stereotypical kidnappings, involving a stranger or slight acquaintance, who holds the child for ransom, abducts with intent to kill or keep permanently. Data in the study was derived from a Law Enforcement Study, National Household Surveys of both Adult Caretakers and Youth (telephone interviews) and a Juvenile Facilities Study. The estimated number of 800,000 missing children reports has been widely circulated in the popular press.

The United States' National Crime Information Center (NCIC) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, mandated by the National Child Search Assistance Act, maintains its own "Missing Person File" to which local police report people for whom they are searching. The NCIC "Missing Person File" does have a category that is entitled "Juvenile" or "EMJ" (for: Enter Missing Person – Juvenile), but that category does not reflect the total number of all juveniles reported missing to the NCIC, for whom local police are searching. The NCIC also uses its own classification criteria; it does not use the above NISMART definitions of what constitutes a missing child. The NCIC data is limited to individuals who have been reported to the NCIC as missing, and are being searched for, by local police. In addition, the EMJ category does not contain all reports of juveniles who have been reported missing to the NCIC. While the EMJ category holds records of some of the juveniles reported missing, the totals for the EMJ category excludes those juveniles recorded missing but who "have a proven physical or mental disability ... are missing under circumstances indicating that they may be in physical danger ... are missing after a catastrophe ... [or] are missing under circumstances indicating their disappearance may not have been voluntary". In 2013, the NCIC entered 445,214 "EMJ" reports (440,625 in the EMJ category under the age of 18; but 462,567 under the age of 18 in all categories, and 494,372 under the age of 21 in all categories), and NCIC's total reports numbered 627,911. Of the children under age 18, a total of 4,883 reports were classified as "missing under circumstances indicating that the disappearance may not have been voluntary, i.e., abduction or kidnapping" (9,572 under age 21), and an additional 9,617 as "missing under circumstances indicating that his/her physical safety may be in danger" (15,163 under age 21). The total missing person records entered into NCIC were 661,593 in 2012, 678,860 in 2011 (550,424 of whom were under 21), 692,944 in 2010 (531,928 of whom were under 18, and 565,692 of whom were under 21), and 719,558 in 2009. A total of 630,990 records were cleared or canceled during 2013. At end-of-year 2013, NCIC had 84,136 still-active missing person records, with 33,849 (40.2%) being of juveniles under 18, and 9,706 (11.5%) being of juveniles between 18 and 20.

European Union
116 000 is the European hotline for missing children active in all 27 countries of the EU as well as Albania, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. The hotline was an initiative pushed for by Missing Children Europe, the European federation for missing and sexually exploited children.

The Council of Europe estimates that about one in five children in Europe are victims of some form of sexual violence. In 70% to 85% of cases, the abuser is somebody the child knows and trusts. Child sexual violence can take many forms: sexual abuse within the family circle, child pornography and prostitution, corruption, solicitation via Internet and sexual assault by peers. In some of the cases, with no other available option, children flee their homes and care institutions, in search of a better and safer life.

Of the 50–60% of child runaways reported by the 116 000 European missing children hotline network, one in six are assumed to rough sleep on the run, one in eight resort to stealing to survive and one in four children are at serious risk of some form of abuse. The number of rough sleeping children across Europe is on the rise. These runaways fall into vulnerable situations of sexual abuse, alcohol abuse and drug abuse leading to depression. Runaways are 9 times likelier to have suicidal tendencies than other children. The Children's Society published a report in 2011 on recommendations to the government to keep child runaways safe.

title: Missing person