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Freienhagen, Thuringia

Freienhagen is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg.

title: Freienhagen, Thuringia


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Inkster (electoral district)

Inkster was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was located in the northwestern corner of the city of Winnipeg. Officially created by redistribution in 1957, it has existed since the provincial election of 1958.

The riding was named after the Inkster family, who were prominent local figures at the time of the province's creation in 1870. John Inkster was a member of Louis Riel's provisional government, while Colin Inkster was a member of the province's Legislative Council (which existed from 1871 to 1876).

There were 19,246 persons living in the riding in 1996. Inkster had a broad range of income levels and a strong working-class presence (the manufacturing sector accounting for 23% of industry in 1999). Census reports from 1999 showed an average family income of $51,274, with 8.10% unemployment.

Inkster had the third-largest immigrant population of all ridings in the province, at over 30% of the total population. 21% of the riding's residents are Filipino, 6% are Ukrainian, and 5% are East Indian. Only 4% of the population is above age 65.

Like many other north-end Winnipeg ridings, Inkster traditionally supported the New Democratic Party and its predecessor, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, although Liberal Kevin Lamoureux represented the riding for all but four years from 1988 to 2010. For the 2011 election, Inkster was dissolved into The Maples and the new riding of Tyndall Park.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Inkster (electoral district)


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JuK

JuK is a free software audio player by KDE, the default player since K Desktop Environment 3.2. JuK supports collections of MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and FLAC audio files.

JuK was started by Scott Wheeler in 2000, and was originally called QTagger; however, it was not until 2002 that the application was moved into KDE CVS, where it has grown into a mature audio application. It was first officially part of KDE in KDE 3.2.

Features
Though an able music player, JuK is primarily an audio jukebox application, with a strong focus on management of music, as shown by features such as:

 * Collection list and multiple user defined playlists.
 * Ability to scan directories to automatically import playlists (.m3u files) and music files on start up.
 * Dynamic Search Playlists that are automatically updated as fields in the collection change.
 * A Tree View mode where playlists are automatically generated for sets of albums, artists and genres.
 * Playlist history to indicate which files have been played and when.
 * Inline search for filtering the list of visible items.
 * The ability to guess tag information from the file name or using MusicBrainz online lookup.
 * File renamer that can rename files based on the tag content.
 * ID3v1, ID3v2 and Ogg Vorbis tag reading and editing support (via TagLib).

title: JuK


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Fretterode

Fretterode is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg.

title: Fretterode


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Gerbershausen

Gerbershausen is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg.

title: Gerbershausen


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Uzbekistan national football team

The Uzbekistan national football team (Ozbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. Although they have never qualified to the World Cup, the team has qualified for every AFC Asian Cup since post-independence formation. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995.

History
The year of birth of football in Uzbekistan is 1912 (read more in this article), since it was then that football teams were created in Kokand, a little later in Ferghana, Andijan, Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Urganch, between which began to be held long-distance matches. The first championship of Ferghana valley was held in 1914, the Championship of the Uzbekistan SSR began to be played since 1926, and the drawing of the Uzbekistan SSR Cup began to be carried out since 1939. From 1924 to 1991 Uzbekistan was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) as the Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR).

In 1928, the national team of Uzbekistan was created for the first time, which took part in the Spartakiade, which included representatives of some European countries. At this tournament, the national team of Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic held its first international match against team of jobs Switzerland and won with a score of 8:4. Until mid-1991, Uzbekistan was part of the USSR and had its own national team as well as the rest of the Union republics, which mostly played matches within teams and teams of the USSR, in particular in football tournaments of the Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR. The national team of the Uzbekistan SSR participated in all draws of the football tournament of the Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR, and in the 1986 tournament reached the final, lost to the Ukrainian SSR (modern Ukraine) team with a score of 0–1, thereby winning the silver medal of the tournament. Throughout the history of Soviet Union, Uzbekistan SSR was one of five main center of football development in the country, alongside Russia SFSR, Ukraine SSR, Belarus SSR and Georgia SSR.

The most powerful football clubs, as well as semi-professional and professional clubs of the Uzbekistan SSR participated in the USSR Football League (Higher League, First League, Second League and Second League B) and USSR Cup. Nonprofessional clubs of the Uzbekistan SSR participated in the Uzbekistan SSR Championship and the Uzbekistan SSR Cup.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and Uzbekistan gaining independence, the national team of Uzbekistan of the new convocation was organized. The national team held its first matches in 1992. The first game of the national team of Uzbekistan was a match against Tajikistan, in the framework of the Central Asian Cup 1992 (the tournament was held once) initiated by FIFA. These matches are officially registered by FIFA on the basis of the fact that the national team of Uzbekistan has been allowed since 1992 to participate in tournaments held under the auspices of FIFA. At the drawing of this tournament in the format of the league, the national team of Uzbekistan was the second after the national team of Kazakhstan. In the first year of existence, the national team of Uzbekistan held matches only with the teams of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In 1993, the team has not played a single match.

In 1992, Uzbekistan was also a member of the CIS national football team, which existed for one year and replaced the USSR national football team and instead participated in the Euro 1992.

Most of the former Soviet republics became members of UEFA (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and Uzbekistan also wanted to become a member of UEFA. But like the rest of the republics of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan), chose AFC. In 2002, Kazakhstan became a member of UEFA for better development of its football, but Uzbekistan chose to remain in the AFC.

In 1994, the Uzbekistan Football Federation was officially adopted by the AFC and FIFA. In the same year Uzbekistan won in the international tournament the Cup of Independence of Uzbekistan, and at the end of the year the national team won in the ending the national team of China with the score 4:2, became the winner of football tournament of the Asian Games of 1994 which took place in the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

1994 Asian Games
The 1994 Asian Games tournament was considered as the shocking successful birth of Uzbekistan, and gives prelude for the rise of Uzbekistan as a serious Asian contender. The tournament would go on remembered as "Miracle of 1994".

Although the tournament was mostly for amateur players at the time (the under-23 competed only since 2002), Uzbekistan was not considered to be a favourite to win the tournament. In addition, the Uzbek team lacked support with only 17 players and a budget below $14.000 for the new born Football Federation. Conflict also emerged internally as Rustam Akramov was appointed as the head coach of Uzbekistan while the more popular Berador Abduraimov became assistant, which Abduraimov resented greatly. Not just that, many of its players, mostly Russian-ethnic based players, chose to represent Russia or Ukraine, or some to Nigeria, following the fall of USSR. The two major clubs, Pakhtakor and Neftchi, formed majority of their players for Uzbek team, traveling to Japan with little expectation.

Nonetheless, Uzbekistan would mark the tournament with an outstanding performance. Grouped with powerhouse Saudi Arabia, two Southeast Asian sides Thailand and Malaysia, alongside Hong Kong, the Uzbeks shocked Hiroshima with a 4–1 victory over the Saudis. It was followed by 5–0 victory over Malaysia, hard-fought 1–0 win over Hong Kong before sealing its first place in a 5–4 thriller over Thailand. In the quarter-finals, Uzbekistan crushed neighbor Turkmenistan 3–0 to advance to the semi-finals where they faced South Korea. The Korean side included nine players that had already participated in the 1994 FIFA World Cup and was expected to steamroll Uzbekistan easily, having beaten hosts Japan in the previous match. However, Uzbekistan shocked South Korea with a 1–0 victory to advance to the final, its first ever final since gaining independence from the Soviet Union.

In their final game against China, Uzbekistan created its miracle, beating the rising Chinese side 4–2 to capture its first and only Asian honor two years after its creation. This miraculous conquest gave Uzbekistan a new fresh image, and would boost Uzbekistan's position as a serious contender for future Asian competitions.

1996 AFC Asian Cup
Uzbekistan overcame its rival and neighbor Tajikistan in an insane comeback. Having been beaten 0–4 away in Dushanbe, Uzbekistan looked like would miss its debut. Yet, Uzbekistan overturned the game at home, crushing Tajikistan 5–0 to win 5–4 on aggregate, thus giving Uzbekistan its first ever debut in the tournament.

In 1996 AFC Asian Cup, Uzbekistan was grouped with Japan, China and Syria. Unlike the Asian Games, the Asian Cup was regarded as tougher because it consisted of professional teams. Under these conditions, Uzbekistan, which only appeared in the 1994 Asian Games, was regarded very low.

Yet, in their opening game against China, Uzbekistan stunned all predictions. Despite rampant Chinese pressure, Uzbekistan held their nerves and overcame China with two shock late goals to give them a 2–0 win and its first ever points in the tournament. This shock victory of Uzbekistan, however, raised alarms for other opponents, Japan and Syria didn't tolerate Uzbekistan, and destroyed the Uzbeks in the two decisive matches. Because of it, Uzbekistan stood bottom in their group and failed to make it through the first round.

1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
Uzbekistan put a decent performance in the country's first-ever attempt to qualify for World Cup, at the 1998 World Cup qualifiers. Grouped with Yemen, Cambodia and Indonesia in the first stage, Uzbekistan proved to be too strong for the rest, with the team only failed to win once, an away draw to the Indonesians. Shortly after, the Uzbeks gallantly marched into the final stage, however, things would prove to be more difficult, with Uzbekistan did not have luck in facing with more powerful South Korea, Japan and the UAE. The only win for Uzbekistan came after the match against neighbor Kazakhstan. Little to know for many Uzbek supporters, this would begin to make the country as the choker of every major World Cup qualifications, with the team often fell short in their final quest.

2000 AFC Asian Cup
The 2000 AFC Asian Cup for Uzbekistan was a whitewashed moment, in a terrible way as it became Uzbekistan's worst ever performance in many major competition. Grouped again with Japan, Saudi Arabia and the new opponent Qatar, Uzbekistan was dumped in the bottom once more, with two devastating losses to Saudi Arabia and Japan, alongside its 1–1 draw to Qatar.

2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
Uzbekistan participated in the first round in order to qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea. As thing stood, Uzbekistan were able to dominate the group stage and qualify for the second round. The group contained themselves with China, the UAE, Oman and Qatar. The Uzbeks were unable to make any major breakthrough in the second round, losing twice to the Emirates, two away defeats toward China and Oman and an away draw to Qatar confirmed Uzbekistan's failure to qualify, despite a late win over already qualified China in the final match.

2004 AFC Asian Cup
Uzbekistan failed to make further impact on the continental stage until they reached the last eight of the 2004 Asian Cup, topping their group after winning all matches, where they were beaten by Bahrain after a penalty shoot-out.

2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
That performance was followed by a victory over Iraq in the second qualifying round for the 2006 World Cup in Germany, with goals from Maksim Shatskikh and Alexander Geynrikh sending them through to the last eight.

They were knocked out in the final stage of the Asian qualification to the 2006 World Cup after losing on the away goals rule to Bahrain. The result was subject to controversy as actually three games were played; the first, a 1–0 win for Uzbekistan, was wiped out after FIFA declared the result void after a mistake by Toshimitsu Yoshida, a Japanese referee. The replay ended 1–1, and after the return finished 0–0, Uzbekistan were eliminated.

2007 AFC Asian Cup
In the 2007 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan was able to get past the group stage by beating Malaysia 5–0 and China PR 3–0. However, Uzbekistan was knocked out of the tournament in the quarter-finals by losing to Saudi Arabia 2–1.

2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
After having three foreign coaches (German Hans-Jürgen Gede, Englishman Bob Houghton and Russian Valeri Nepomniachi) in three years, Uzbekistan turned to former Uzbekistan Olympic team coach Rauf Inileev. During qualification for the 2010 World Cup, Uzbekistan advanced to the fourth round of the Asian qualifiers after winning their first four matches, but finished last in Group A of the final round behind favorites Australia, Japan, Bahrain and Qatar, with four points from eight matches.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
Four years later, in the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan ended in fourth place, their all-time best result in the tournament. After getting past the group stage and quarter-finals, the Uzbek team lost their first opportunity to reach the Asian Cup finals when Australia thrashed the team 0–6 in the semi-final game. Several days later, they were defeated again by South Korea in the third place match 3-2.

2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
In qualification for the 2014 World Cup, Uzbekistan advanced to the fourth round of the Asian qualifiers after winning their group in the third round over perennial favorites Japan. Uzbekistan finished with 16 points (five wins and one draw), which was more than any other team in the third round, including an impressive 1–0 away win against Japan.

In the fourth round of the qualifiers, Uzbekistan finished third in Group A behind Iran and South Korea. Uzbekistan had the same number of points as South Korea (14 points), who had a better goal difference by one goal.

The two teams who finished third in the fourth round groups (Jordan and Uzbekistan) played each other in the fifth round to determine the AFC participant in the intercontinental play-off. The games took place on 6 and 10 September 2013. With the two teams still evenly matched at full-time in the second leg, Jordan eventually progressed to the intercontinental play-off after winning 9–8 on penalties.

2015 AFC Asian Cup
In the 2015 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan advanced to the quarter-finals after finishing as runners-up in the tough Group B, which was won by China, while Saudi Arabia and North Korea were eliminated. However, the team was knocked out of the tournament in the quarter-finals after losing 2–0 in extra time to South Korea.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Uzbekistan continued their quest to head to the World Cup during 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification in Russia, but their campaign had been shattered with a humiliating 2–4 defeat to North Korea. However, the Uzbeks soon bounced back and won the last remaining matches to top the group and qualified to the 2019 AFC Asian Cup as well as the last round. Once again, Uzbekistan in the last round, missed an opportunity when they finished fourth, behind Iran, South Korea and Syria, when Uzbekistan could only manage a 0–0 draw to the South Koreans last match.

2019 AFC Asian Cup
Uzbekistan started their 2019 Asian Cup campaign with a 2–1 victory over Oman and continued with a 4–0 win over neighbor Turkmenistan, which guaranteed Uzbekistan to progress from the group stage for the fifth consecutive time, despite ending with a 1–2 defeat to Japan in the last match. However, they had to face Australia, then-champions of Asia. Despite playing well, Uzbekistan could not break the deadlock as it ended 0–0 after 120 minutes. In the penalty shootout, Australia prevailed with a 4–2 win, thus Uzbekistan's dream was crushed in the round of sixteen.

2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
In the second qualifying round for the 2022 World Cup, Uzbekistan suffered another disappointment by failing to qualify for the final round, a first since the Central Asian team had always reached the final round since it took part in the qualifying rounds of a World Cup, the first time being the 1998 edition. The White Wolves did not manage to finish among the five best runners-up, with a record of 5 wins against 3 defeats (in the first and second leg against Saudi Arabia, leader of group D, as well as in the first leg away against Palestine), in which the latter's shock loss to Palestine proved detrimental. Moreover, Uzbekistan's failure was also compounded by the fact that North Korea, originally competed in the qualification's Group H of the same round, surprisingly withdrew due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in which FIFA and AFC then ruled North Korea's results as null and void, directly played a crucial role in helping other Group H opponent Lebanon to qualify ahead of Uzbekistan, since Lebanon's original results against North Korea were poor with a draw and a loss.

2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification
Uzbekistan then took part in the third qualifying round for the 2023 Asian Cup. Designated as the host country of Group C (due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia), the Central Asians took advantage of this advantage and the relative weakness of most of their opponents to win all three games and finish top of their group without conceding a goal, validating their qualification for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.

2023 AFC Asian Cup
After qualifying for the Asian Cup, Uzbekistan was placed in Group B with familiar opponents Australia, as well as Syria and India. Prior to the tournament, Uzbekistan's star striker and all-time top goalscorer Eldor Shomurodov sustained a leg injury, ruling him out of the squad. Uzbekistan drew 0-0 in their opening game against Syria. However, they bounced back in their second match against India, winning 3-0. In their last match against Australia, Uzbekistan drew 1-1 in a hard-fought draw that guaranteed them progression to the round of 16 as the second-placed team in their group. They faced Thailand, whom they managed to beat 2-1. In the quarter-finals, they faced hosts Qatar. After the score was level at 1-1 after extra time, Uzbekistan lost 3-2 in the penalty shoot-out.

Nicknames
The Uzbekistan national team has received several nicknames by supporters and media. The most common one used is "The White Wolves" (Oq borilar / Оқ бўрилар).

Also, the Uzbekistan national football team is called "Asian Italy" (Osiyo Italiyasi / Осиё Италияси). This is due to the similarity of colors (white and blue) clothing teams of Italy and Uzbekistan, as well as similar tactics (defensive football) of these teams. The Uzbekistan Super League is often considered to be similar to Italian Serie A. Also, the history of Uzbekistan is as rich and ancient as the history of Italy.

Also the team of Uzbekistan is called "Huma birds" (Humo qushlari / Ҳумо қушлари). The mythical Huma bird is the national bird of Uzbekistan, and is depicted on the state emblem of Uzbekistan. The Huma bird is depicted on the emblem of the National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Sometimes the Uzbekistan national football is called "Turanians" (Turonliklar / Туронликлар), because the current country of Uzbekistan is located in the center of this ancient region Turan, and all the ancient and major cities of this region are located in this country, and therefore Uzbekistan is considered by some to be the successor of the Turan.

Rivalries
The main rivals of the Uzbekistan national team are the countries of Central Asia, the national teams of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. However, the main and most important rivals of the national team of Uzbekistan are Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The matches between the countries of Central Asia have always aroused great interest among fans throughout the region, in spite of Uzbekistan's dominance since the fall of the USSR. Football is one of the instruments of rivalry between the states of Central Asia, dating back to the Soviet era.

Kit sponsorship
The Uzbekistan team often wears a variety of competition jerseys. At major continental or world tournaments, team often wear eye-catching jersey that highlight the team's identity. In qualifying tournaments, the team usually wears the normal plain jersey of the kit sponsor and only has the logo of the Uzbekistan Football Association printed on them.

Home stadium
From the moment of its formation (1992) until the end of 2012, the main home stadium of the Uzbekistan national football team was the Pakhtakor Central Stadium in Tashkent, built and opened in 1956. This stadium is also the venue for home matches of Pakhtakor Football Club. During the USSR, this stadium was home for the Uzbekistan SSR national team. Was reconstructed in 1996, 2008 and 2012 and currently holds 35,000 spectators (before this capacity was 55,000 spectators). For today's time the national team of Uzbekistan holds only some of the matches at Pakhtakor Stadium.

From 2013 to the present, the main home stadium of the Uzbekistan national team is the Milliy Stadium (until 2018 was named Bunyodkor Stadium), built in 2008–2012 and accommodating 34,000 spectators. This stadium is also a home for the Bunyodkor Football Club.

Home venues record
Last updated: 6 June 2024. Statistics include official FIFA-recognised matches only.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Current squad
The following 23 players were called for up for the Uzbekistan's 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against 🇹🇲 turkmenistan and 🇮🇷 on 6 and 11 June.''

Caps and goals correct as of 11 June 2024 after the match against 🇮🇷 iran.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called for the last 12 months and are still eligible to represent.

INJ PRE

U23

INJ

U23 Included in the U-23 national team. PRE Preliminary squad standby. SUS Player suspended. INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury. RET Retired from the national team. WD Player withdrew from the squad for non-injury related reasons.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Uzbekistan.

Asian Games

 * Football at the Asian Games has been an under-23 tournament since 2002.

Head-to-head record
As of 11 June 2024 after the match against 🇮🇷 iran.

FIFA ranking history

 * FIFA-ranking yearly averages for Uzbekistan (1994–2024)

Honours

 * Intercontinental
 * Afro-Asian Cup of Nations
 * Runners-up (1): 1995

 * Continental
 * Asian Games
 * Gold Medal (1): 1994
 * Asian Cup
 * Fourth place (1): 2011

 * Regional
 * CAFA Nations Cup
 * Runners-up: 2023

 * Frienly/Invitational
 * Navruz Cup
 * Champions (1): 2022
 * Merdeka Tournament
 * Champions (1): 2001
 * Central Asian Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 1992
 * China Cup
 * Third place (1): 2019

title: Uzbekistan national football team


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Hohengandern

Hohengandern is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg.

title: Hohengandern


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A Princess of Mars

A Princess of Mars is a science fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the first of his Barsoom series. It was first serialized in the pulp magazine All-Story Magazine from February–July, 1912. Full of swordplay and daring feats, the novel is considered a classic example of 20th-century pulp fiction. It is also a seminal instance of the planetary romance, a subgenre of science fantasy that became highly popular in the decades following its publication. Its early chapters also contain elements of the Western. The story is set on Mars, imagined as a dying planet with a harsh desert environment. This vision of Mars was based on the work of the astronomer Percival Lowell, whose ideas were widely popularized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Barsoom series inspired a number of well-known 20th-century science fiction writers, including Jack Vance, Ray Bradbury, Arthur C. Clarke, Robert A. Heinlein, and John Norman. The series was also inspirational for many scientists in the fields of space exploration and the search for extraterrestrial life, including Carl Sagan, who read A Princess of Mars when he was a child.

Plot summary
John Carter, a Confederate veteran of the American Civil War, goes prospecting in Arizona immediately after the war's end. Having struck a rich vein of gold, he runs afoul of the Apaches. While attempting to evade pursuit by hiding in a sacred cave, he is mysteriously transported to Mars, called "Barsoom" by its inhabitants. Carter finds that he has great strength and superhuman agility in this new environment as a result of its lesser gravity and lower atmospheric pressure. He soon falls in with the Tharks, a nomadic tribe of Green Martians, as the planet's warlike, six-limbed, green-skinned inhabitants are known. Thanks to his strength and martial prowess, Carter rises to a high position in the tribe and earns the respect and eventually the friendship of Tars Tarkas, one of the Thark chieftans.

The Tharks subsequently capture Dejah Thoris, Princess of Helium, a member of the humanoid red Martian race. The red Martians inhabit a loose network of city-states and control the desert planet's canals, along which its agriculture is concentrated. Carter rescues Dejah Thoris from the green men in a bid to return her to her people.

Subsequently, Carter becomes embroiled in the political affairs of both the red and green Martians in his efforts to safeguard Dejah Thoris. He eventually raises a horde of Tharks and other tribes, and leads them against the city-state of Zodanga, the historic enemy of Helium. Winning Dejah Thoris' heart, he becomes Prince of Helium, and the two live happily together for nine years. However, the sudden breakdown of the Atmosphere Plant that sustains the planet's waning air supply endangers all life on Barsoom. In a desperate attempt to save the planet's inhabitants, Carter uses a secret telepathic code to enter the factory, bringing an engineer along who can restore its functionality. Carter then succumbs to asphyxiation, only to awaken back on Earth, left to wonder what has become of Barsoom and his beloved.

Characters

 * John Carter: An Earth human from Virginia with a mysterious background, Captain John Carter fought in the American Civil War on the Confederate side. At the end of the war in 1865 he goes prospecting for gold in Arizona. After various adventures, including an attack by Apaches, he is miraculously transported to Mars. During his nine years on that planet he effectively disappears from Earth and is believed dead, but he re-emerges in New York in 1876, settling in a house overlooking the Hudson River. He apparently dies again in 1886, leaving instructions for a fictionalized Burroughs, who refers to Carter as his Uncle Jack, to entomb him in a crypt. He also leaves Burroughs with the manuscript of A Princess of Mars, with instructions not to publish it for another 21 years. John Carter states that he has no memory before the age of 30 and has always appeared the same, without aging. He is adept at strategy, horsemanship, and all weapons, including firearms and swords. He is 6ft 2in tall, clean-shaven, with close-cropped black hair and steel gray eyes. He is honorable, courageous, and eternally optimistic, even in the face of certain death. From the Green Martians he received the name "Dotar Sojat", after the first two green warriors whom he slew after his advent on Barsoom. He sometimes uses this name as an alias in later books of the Martian series.
 * Dejah Thoris: A red Martian princess of Helium, she is courageous, resolute, and frequently in mortal danger or under threat of dishonor by the evil designs of a succession of villains. She is the daughter of Mors Kajak, Jed (chieftain) of Lesser Helium, and the granddaughter of Tardos Mors, Jeddak (overlord or high king) of Helium. As such, she is highly aristocratic and fiercely proud of her heritage. Introduced early in the novel, she immediately becomes the love interest of John Carter. As a central character in the first three Barsoom novels, her frequent capture by various enemies, and subsequent pursuit by John Carter, is a constant motivating element in their plots.
 * Tars Tarkas: A fierce Green Martian warrior from the Thark tribe, he is unusual among his race for his ability to experience tender emotions such as friendship and love. His emotional development stems from a forbidden love affair in his youth, when he secretly began a partnership with a Green Martian woman named Gozava. He befriends John Carter and later fights at his side. Carter helps him become Jeddak of Thark and negotiates an alliance between the Green Martians and the city-state of Helium, which results in the destruction of Helium's enemy, Zodanga. Tars Tarkas more than once displays an ironic sense of humor; he mocks John Carter's perception of himself as "a cruel green warrior" while fighting beside him, and in The Gods of Mars he comments on the disappointment of Barsoomian hopes for the afterlife.
 * Tal Hajus: Jeddak (king) of the Tharks, who years previously had ordered Gozava's death.
 * Sola: Daughter of Tars Tarkas and a friend of John Carter, she teaches him the Barsoomian language and the history of her race, as well as the secret of her own parentage. She appears in the immediate sequels to A Princess of Mars, but has no role in later books of the series.
 * Sarkoja: A Green Martian woman whose intrigues resulted in the death of Gozava and who schemes against John Carter. After Carter tells Tars Tarkas about her role in Gozava's death, she is frightened into a self-imposed exile and never heard from again.
 * Kantos Kan: A warrior of Helium who escapes a Warhoon prison with John Carter. By the beginning of the second book, Kantos Kan is the chief commander of Helium's navy.

Background
Burroughs began work on A Princess of Mars in the summer of 1911 when he was 35. He wrote most of the first half of the novel while working for his brother in a stationery company, penning the words on scratch pads produced by the business. He had been struggling for some time to establish himself as a businessman, so far with little success, and with a wife and two children to support, turned to writing in desperate need of income. Despite failure in his business affairs, he had accumulated a wealth of unusual experiences from working in a variety of jobs which had brought him into contact with miners, soldiers, cowboys, and Native Americans.

Initial drafting
While writing A Princess of Mars, Burroughs initiated what soon became a regular writing tool: maintaining worksheets relating to the piece he was completing. The sheets included start and end dates of writing, titles of chapters, and characters. By August 11, 1911, he had completed a large section of the novel. He was apprehensive about revealing what he was working on, and told only his wife that he was doing so. He still hoped to find business success, and thought the tale to be indicative of a childish nature, and so outlandish that potential business contacts would think him ungrounded if they discovered what he was working on. At this point he had already decided to adopt the pen name of "Normal Bean", an attempt to suggest that despite the incredible nature of his story, he was still a sane, reliable character. He struggled to find an appropriate title for the novel: My First Adventure of Mars, The Green Martians, and Dejah Thoris, Martian Princess were all early attempts to solve this problem.

Submission for publication
Before completing the novel, he considered options for publishing, and realized he knew little about this world or how to submit a story. Because he liked and was familiar with The All-Story magazine, he submitted 43,000 words to the editor under the title "Dejah Thoris, Martian Princess". His cover letter explained that he thought he could produce another two parts of similar length. The Managing Editor of the magazine, Thomas Newell Metcalf, wrote back on August 24, 1911, to offer some criticisms of the pacing and focus of the tale, and suggested omitting the chapter "Sola Tells Me Her Story" (it was restored in the novel); he suggested that if Burroughs could finish the novel at under 70,000 words, he (Metcalf) would consider publishing it.

After further work on the novel, and further correspondence with Metcalf, which included suggestions for plot devices and structural changes, Burroughs submitted the finished novel. On November 4, 1911, Burroughs received an acceptance letter from Metcalf, offering US$400 for the serialization rights, with the request to change the title and further edit the opening section of the novel.

Serialization
When Burroughs received his acceptance letter from Thomas Metcalf of The All-Story, Metcalf said that the serial would be published under the title "In the Moons of Mars". However, when the first part of the serialization appeared in the February 1912 edition of The All-Story, it bore the title "Under the Moons of Mars".

For the publication of the serial, Burroughs used the pen name "Normal Bean", which he selected as a pun to stress that he was in his right mind, as he feared ridicule for writing such a fantastic story. The effect was spoiled by a typesetter who interpreted "Normal" as a typographical error and changed it to "Norman".

Book
By 1914, Burroughs had become very popular with the reading public, and A.C. McClurg & Company decided to print a number of his formerly serialized tales as novels. McClurg began with three Tarzan novels, and then published A Princess of Mars on October 10, 1917. Although Metcalf thought that the chapter "Sola Tells Me Her Story" slowed the story's pace, and thus omitted it from the magazine serialization, this chapter was restored for the novel version. The novel was illustrated by Frank E. Schoonover, who carefully read the descriptive passages on the costumes and weapons of Barsoom and developed an overall concept for the artwork, even ensuring that John's Carter's pistol and belt in his cover illustration reflected their origins in Green Martian craftsmanship.

Rights
A Princess of Mars was one of the few works for which Burroughs, in his inexperience as a new writer, relinquished all serialization rights. Others included the sequel The Gods of Mars and Tarzan of the Apes.

Genre
While the novel is often classed as science fantasy, it also belongs to the subgenre of planetary romance, which has affinities with fantasy and sword and sorcery; it is distinguished by its inclusion of scientific (or pseudo-scientific) elements. Planetary romances take place primarily on the surface of an alien world, and they often include sword-fighting and swashbuckling; monsters; supernatural elements such as telepathic abilities (as opposed to magic); and cultures that echo those of Earth in pre-industrial eras, especially with dynastic or theocratic social structures. Spacecraft may appear, but are usually not central to the story; this is a key difference from space opera, in which spacecraft are usually key to the narrative. While there are earlier examples of this genre, A Princess of Mars and its sequels are the best known, and they were a dominant influence on subsequent authors. Initially published in magazines with general readership, by the 1930s the planetary romance had become very popular in the emerging science fiction pulp magazines.

The novel can also be classified as the closely related genre sword and planet, which consists of what are essentially sword and sorcery stories that take place on another planet. A Princess of Mars is widely considered to be the archetypal novel of the sword and planet genre.

The novel also shares a number of elements of Westerns, such as desert settings, women taken captive, and a climactic life-or-death confrontation with the antagonist.

Introduction
Burroughs employs a literary device for A Princess of Mars to which he returned in several sequels—introducing the novel as though it were a factual account passed on to him personally. In this case he frames John Carter as an avuncular figure known to his family who has given him the manuscript earlier, and instructed him not to publish it for 21 years. Burroughs used the same device in the sequels, The Gods of Mars, The Chessmen of Mars and Swords of Mars. In The Chessmen of Mars, Burroughs even includes a reference to the chess games he played with his real life assistant, John Shea, while writing the novel.

Style
A Princess of Mars is similar to many of Burroughs' tales. Characterized by copious violent action, it is basically a travelogue, a tale of a journey and various encounters on that journey, which does not necessarily have a defined plot. It is also a captivity narrative, involving a civilized hero being captured by an uncivilized culture and being forced to adapt to the primitive nature of the captors to survive.

As is the case with the majority of the Barsoom novels to follow, it portrays a hero facing impossible odds and forced to fight a range of lurid creatures in order to win the love of the heroine. Burroughs' Barsoom is also morally unambiguous; there is no sense of moral relativity and characters are either good or evil. The tale portrays a hero with a sense of honor transcending race and politics. Compassion, loyalty and bravery are celebrated, and callousness, deception, and cowardice are frowned upon.

Setting
The novel's vision of Mars was inspired by astronomical speculations of the time, especially those of Percival Lowell, who saw the planet as a formerly Earth-like world now becoming inhospitable to life because of its advanced age. According to the Barsoomians themselves, Mars was a lush world with global oceans just one million years before the present day. As the oceans evaporated and the atmosphere thinned, the planet devolved into partial barbarism. Living on a dying planet, with dwindling resources, the inhabitants of Barsoom have become hardened and warlike, constantly fighting one another to survive.

Barsoomians distribute scarce water via a worldwide system of canals, controlled by quarreling city-states. The thinning Martian atmosphere is artificially replenished by an "atmosphere plant" on which all life on the planet depends. The days are warm and the nights are cold, and climate varies little across the planet, except at the poles.

Scientific background
In 1895 Percival Lowell published a book entitled Mars which speculated about an arid, dying landscape, whose inhabitants had been forced to build canals thousands of miles long to bring water from the polar caps to irrigate the remaining arable land. Lowell built upon ideas introduced by Italian astronomer, Giovanni Schiaparelli, who in 1877, observed geological features on Mars which he called canali (Italian for "channels"). This was mistranslated into the English as "canals" which, being artificial watercourses, fueled the belief that there was some sort of intelligent extraterrestrial life on the planet.

In the early 20th century Lowell published two more books, further developing the concept of a dying Mars. Burroughs was aware of these theories and appears to have consciously followed them. However, Burroughs does not seem to have based his vision of Mars on precise reading of Lowell's theories, as there are a number of errors in his interpretation which suggest he may have got most of his information from reading newspaper articles and other popular accounts of Lowell's Mars.

The ideas of canals with flowing water and an inhabited, if dying world, were later disproved by more accurate observation of the planet, and fly-bys and landings by Russian and American probes such as the two Viking missions which found a dead, frozen world where water could not exist in a liquid state.

Antecedents
The first science fiction to be set on Mars may be Across the Zodiac: The Story of a Wrecked Record, by Percy Greg, published in 1880. An 1897 novel by Kurd Lasswitz, Auf Zwei Planeten, dealt with benevolent Martians arriving on Earth, but as it was not translated until 1971 it is unlikely that Burroughs knew of it.

H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds (1898) was influenced, as was Burroughs' novel, by the ideas of Percival Lowell starting with publication of the book Mars (1895). It depicted Mars as an ancient world, nearing the end of its life, home to a superior civilization capable of advanced feats of science and engineering. Burroughs, however, claimed never to have read any of H. G. Wells' books.

It is possible, as Richard A. Lupoff argues in the book Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs, that Burroughs took some inspiration from the 1905 novel Lieut. Gullivar Jones: His Vacation, by Edwin Lester Arnold, which also featured an American military man transported to Mars. Lupoff also suggested John Carter has strong similarities to Phra, hero of Arnold's The Wonderful Adventures of Phra the Phoenician (1890), who is also a master swordsman who appears to be immortal.

Legacy
This book and its series are noted as early inspirations for many later science fiction authors, including Robert A. Heinlein, Arthur C. Clarke, and Ray Bradbury. Bradbury admired Burroughs' stimulating romantic tales, and they were an inspiration for his The Martian Chronicles (1950), which used some similar conceptions of a dying Mars. Burroughs' Barsoom novels have also been cited as a model for H. P. Lovecraft's The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath. Frederik Pohl paid homage to the novel in his short story "Sad Solarian Screenwriter Sam" (1972), although it is a backhanded compliment: the story so offends the actual Martians, they obliterate the Earth (as the Martians attempt to do in The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells).

Others influenced by Burroughs and his John Carter books include James Cameron, who mentioned the influence on his science-fiction epic Avatar (2009) in The New Yorker magazine, and George Lucas, whose Star Wars films were influenced by Flash Gordon, which in turn was influenced by Burroughs.

Author Michael Crichton named a character on the TV medical drama series ER (1994–2009) after John Carter.

The John Barnes novel In the Hall of the Martian King (2003) features a Space Shuttle named John Carter. The ninth book in the Diane Duane Young Wizards series was entitled A Wizard of Mars (2010), in reference to the book.

Burroughs' Barsoom series was popular with American readers, helping inspire their support for the US Space Program, and also scientists who grew up on reading the novels. These include pioneers of space exploration research and the search for life on other planets. Scientist Carl Sagan read the books as a young boy, and they continued to affect his imagination into his adult years; he remembered Barsoom as a "world of ruined cities, planet girding canals, immense pumping stations—a feudal technological society". For two decades, a map of the planet, as imagined by Burroughs, hung in the hallway outside of Sagan's office in Cornell University.

Author-Illustrator Mark Rogers lampooned the Barsoom series in the second Samurai Cat book. The novels based on the TSR Buck Rogers RPG has a military academy on Mars called the John Carter Academy, which one of the characters in the franchise attends.

In April 2012, for the novel's centennial anniversary, Library of America published a hardcover edition based on the original book, with an introduction by Junot Díaz (ISBN 978-1-59853-165-7).

The Lin Carter Callisto stories are in part an homage to John Carter.

The American frontier
A Princess of Mars has many similarities to Westerns, including a desert setting, a heroine taken captive, and a showdown with the antagonist. Burroughs worked as a soldier at Fort Grant, Arizona, where he patrolled the desert to protect white settlers. During this time he gained a great respect for American Indians and their warriors, such as Geronimo. Barsoom resembles a kind of Martian Wild West. Indeed, John Carter is an adventuring frontiersman who is cornered by Apache warriors in the Arizona desert before his transition to Mars. When he arrives there, he discovers a savage, frontier world with scarce resources, where strength is respected, and where the civilized Red Martians maintain their racial vigor by repelling the constant attacks of the Green Martians. The latter are a barbaric, nomadic, tribal culture with many parallels to American Indians.

A nostalgic desire to return to the frontier became a common theme in the United States during the early twentieth century. In the Disney movie John Carter, Bryan Cranston portrays a U.S. Cavalry Major who tries to convince John Carter to fight American Indians. As the nation become more urbanized, the 19th-century frontier was romanticized as a lost world of freedom and noble savagery. Similar ideas may be reflected in the fate of the ancient white race of Mars, which is mentioned in A Princess of Mars and reintroduced in a later Martian novel, Llana of Gathol; they are described as having become weak and degenerate through their dependence on the trappings and comforts of civilization.

Race
Race is a constant theme in the Barsoom novels, as Barsoom is distinctly divided along racial lines. White, Yellow, Black, Red, and Green races appear in various novels of the series, each with ethnic qualities that often seem to define their individual representatives. Although John Carter is able to befriend the Green Martian Tars Tarkas, who shows noble qualities, Tarkas is called an exception to the rule, and remains a noble savage. John Carter himself is white-skinned, so that Barsoomians sometimes identify him with their own surviving White race, known as the Holy Therns; for example, Carter successfully impersonates a Thern named Sator Throg in The Gods of Mars. Carter's unusual appearance and un-Barsoomian strength and agility make him a kind of mythic figure, capable of achievements that no Barsoomian could manage.

Red Martians
The Red Martians have created the dominant culture on Barsoom. They are organized into imperial city-states that control the planetary canal system, as well as more isolated states in the hinterlands.

The Red Martians are hybrids of the ancient Yellow Martians, White Martians, and Black Martians, who joined forces when the seas of Barsoom began to dry up; their union created a hardy race capable of surviving in a dying world.

They are, like all the humanoid races of Mars, oviparous, i.e., their newborn hatch from eggs.

The Red Martians, like the Green Martians, eschew clothing, going nude except for jewelry and other ornamentation. In Chapter 11, Dejah Thoris derides Earth men, who "almost without exception, cover their bodies with strange, unsightly pieces of cloth."

The Red Martians are honorable and highly civilized; they respect private property and have a keen sense of fairness. Their culture is lawful and technologically advanced, and they are capable of love and family life. The chief crime in their cities is assassination.

Green Martians
The Green Martians are 15 ft tall, Burroughs wrote, adding from John Carter's observation of newly hatched children,

They seemed mostly head, with little scrawny bodies, long necks and six legs, or, as I afterward learned, two legs and two arms, with an intermediary pair of limbs which could be used at will either as arms or legs. Their eyes were set at the extreme sides of their heads a trifle above the center and protruded in such a manner that they could be directed either forward or back and also independently of each other, thus permitting this queer animal to look in any direction, or in two directions at once, without the necessity of turning the head.

The ears, which were slightly above the eyes and closer together, were small, cup-shaped antennae, protruding not more than an inch on these young specimens. Their noses were but longitudinal slits in the center of their faces, midway between their mouths and ears.

There was no hair on their bodies, which were of a very light yellowish-green color....

They are nomadic, warlike, and barbaric; do not form families; have discarded concepts of friendship and affection (presumably in the name of survival); and enjoy torture. Their social structure is communal and rigidly hierarchical, with various levels of chiefs. The highest rank is the all-powerful Jeddak, who reaches this position through combat. They are tribal, and war among one another. They are primitive, intellectually backwards, and have no art or written language. Any advanced technology they possess is stolen from the Red Martians. They inhabit the ancient ruined cities of Barsoom.

The series

 * 1) A Princess of Mars (1917) (ebook)
 * 2) The Gods of Mars (1918) (ebook)
 * 3) The Warlord of Mars (1919) (ebook)
 * 4) Thuvia, Maid of Mars (1920) (ebook)
 * 5) The Chessmen of Mars (1922) (ebook)
 * 6) The Master Mind of Mars (1928) (ebook)
 * 7) A Fighting Man of Mars (1931) (ebook)
 * 8) Swords of Mars (1936) (ebook)
 * 9) Synthetic Men of Mars (1940) (ebook)
 * 10) Llana of Gathol (1948) (ebook)
 * 11) John Carter of Mars (1964) (ebook)

Copyright
The copyright for this story has expired in the United States and, thus, resides in the public domain there. The text is available from Project Gutenberg and Wikisource. In anticipation of the 2012 Disney film John Carter, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. trademarked the phrases "John Carter of Mars", "Princess of Mars", and "Barsoom", among others, despite the Dastar decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidates trademark on public domain works.

Except for Guatemala, Honduras, Samoa, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Colombia, Equatorial Guinea and Mexico, Burroughs' works, including A Princess of Mars, has entered public domain in the rest of the world.

Film adaptations
The Asylum released a feature-length direct-to-DVD film based on the novel, titled Princess of Mars, on December 29, 2009.

A full-length feature film of the novel had been attempted and aborted many times. Its working title was originally A Princess of Mars, but it was renamed John Carter of Mars and then simply John Carter during pre-production. It was originally due in 2006, with Jon Favreau (Zathura, Iron Man, Cowboys & Aliens) as director and Harry Knowles of Ain't It Cool News as producer. John Carter was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and directed by Andrew Stanton. Taylor Kitsch and Lynn Collins, who appeared together in the 2009 movie X-Men Origins: Wolverine, play John Carter and Dejah Thoris. Willem Dafoe, Polly Walker, and James Purefoy play Tars Tarkas, Sarkoja, and Kantos, respectively. The film's U.S. release date was March 9, 2012.

title: A Princess of Mars


text: User talk:149.79.126.53

title: User talk:149.79.126.53


text:
Kirchgandern

Kirchgandern is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg. Kirchgandern was first mentioned in documentary in 1118.

title: Kirchgandern


text:
User talk:Matej Vela

Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

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title: User talk:Matej Vela


text:
Lindewerra

Lindewerra is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg. Before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 Lindewerra was one of the few villages in the German Democratic Republic that could be observed directly from the West. After the fall of the Berlin Wall a bridge was built to connect the village to the Hessian bank of the Werra River.

title: Lindewerra


text:
1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft

The MLS Inaugural Player Draft, held before Major League Soccer's initial 1996 season, distributed players to the league's ten inaugural teams. The Inaugural Player Draft occurred on February 6 and 7, 1996 after each team was allocated four marquee players.

title: 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft


text: User talk:82.161.92.231

title: User talk:82.161.92.231


text: User talk:81.77.130.109

title: User talk:81.77.130.109


text:
User talk:Numerousfalx

Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

USCG being US 1st Fleet
I'd appreciate your comments on this topic at Talk:United States Coast Guard. Thanks. Jinian 16:08, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Paris Fire Brigade
Hi,

I gathered the informations in the First, Second, Third and Instructions Group in the Paris Fire Brigade article: the names of the sub-articles are ambiguous, and the main article is not big enough to require beeing split.

IMHO

Cdang| write me 11:50, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Human evolution
I've reverted your change to this article. Please don't make sweeping changes like that to Wikipedia articles without first discussing them on the article's talk page. For this change in particular, did you see the part at the top of Darwinism that says "Darwinism in this sense is not synonymous with evolution, but rather with evolution by natural selection." Please don't make this change again. FreplySpang (talk) 18:25, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are different points of view on whether evolution and Darwinism are identical. The source you cited is useful but not the only authorities. Please follow Wikipedia's Neutral Point of View policy by discussing your perspective on the article's talk page instead of making unilateral edits. Thanks, FreplySpang (talk) 18:33, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't vandalise science articles. Dunc|☺ 20:33, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

MENSA
Would you mind citing when and where MENSA stated that evolution is a lie? Thanks --JPotter 19:53, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Agreement / Subject and Verb
"Good[ness] and evil do exist"Blondlieut 23:58, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Saints Wikiproject
I noted that you have been contributing to articles about saints. I invite you to join the WikiProject Saints. You can sign up on the page and add the following userbox to your user page.

Thanks! --evrik 19:27, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Wikiproject United States Coast Guard Auxiliary
COASTIE I am (talk) 00:36, 2 March 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Numerousfalx


text:
User talk:Andywebsdale

Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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title: User talk:Andywebsdale


text: User talk:200.214.223.1

title: User talk:200.214.223.1


text:
This Is the Law

This Is the Law was a Canadian panel game show which aired on CBC Television from 1971 to 1976.

It presented short, humorous vignettes supposedly set in various towns and cities across Canada which ran with musical accompaniment rather than a soundtrack, and challenged panellists to guess which (obscure) law of that particular region was being broken by the "Lawbreaker" character (portrayed by Paul Soles), who was always arrested at the end of the vignette (Robert Warner starred as the police officer). The vignettes were quite subtle, and more often than not, despite many guesses, the panellists were unable to come up with the law that was actually being broken, as the laws featured were generally archaic - though, at the time of production, still on the books in the featured communities. (An example: in one vignette, the Lawbreaker is seen wearing a caveman-style costume at an event and engaging in dubious behaviour before being suddenly arrested. After the panel failed to correctly identify the indiscretion, Willis indicated it was because the Lawbreaker's costume did not fully cover his chest and in the Canadian locale where the vignette was set, it was illegal for individuals of any gender to expose their nipples in public.)

The vignettes alternated with depictions of actual court cases, presented in a series of still cartoons, in storyboard format, with narration. The narrator would end by asking a question about how the judge eventually ruled. The four panellists would each guess what the judge decided, and why, and each panellist would conclude by lighting up a large "Yes" or "No" in front of his or her seat. After all four panellists had guessed, the answer would be revealed.

Paul Soles was the first show host for the initial 1971 summer episodes. Austin Willis became host from the regular 1971 fall season until the end of the series.

Panelists

 * Julie Amato (1976)
 * Bill Charlton (businessman by profession)
 * Susan Gay (1971–1972)
 * Susan Keller (1972–1975)
 * Madeline Kronby (June–August 1971)
 * Dini Petty (1971)
 * Hart Pomerantz (lawyer and comedian by profession)
 * Larry Solway (1971–1975)

Supporting vignette actors

 * Paul Bradley
 * Valri Bromfield
 * Eric Clavering
 * Trudy Desmond
 * Robert McHeady
 * Monica Parker

title: This Is the Law


text:
Talk:Fit

I have moved this information into the article entiltled Fat, which is where it belongs. The English word (as far as I can see, and I did a pretty thorough check) does not have this definition-- no matter how closely it sounds like the Danish word fedt, which you are referring to.

I will redirect any links to the Fat article, and fix links from other pages. Sfdan 19:42, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * this information : which information ? --Wisdood (talk) 08:14, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fit


text:
Rohrberg

Rohrberg may refer to:

Places

 * Rohrberg, Austria, a municipality in Zillertal, Schwaz district in Tyrol, Austria
 * Rohrberg, Saxony-Anhalt, a municipality in the Altmarkkreis Salzwedel district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
 * Rohrberg, Thuringia, a municipality in the Eichsfeld district, Thuringia, Germany
 * Rohrberg (Habichtswald), a hill in Hesse, Germany

People

 * Sebastian Rohrberg, a German archer

title: Rohrberg


text:
Talk:Twelve-bar blues

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2021 and 15 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Alexbirger1.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:50, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

History section
This page needs a history section!! When did the 12-bar riff originate? How? Who? etc. List of randomly selected songs from the 1950s and 1960s is not good enough surely? especially when there were plenty of pop songs from the 1940s i.e. Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy that incorporated the 12-bar riff? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.16.24.237 (talk) 23:09, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Abdolutely, there is nothing about the origin and development of 12 bar blues and its cultural significance. Stub Mandrel (talk) 20:11, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

Accidentals vs. Black Keys
Looks like a bit of reverting going on. Please folks:

Accidentals are notes that are not part of the key shown in the key signature at the beginning of a stave. The notes in the key of C are: C D E F G A B, no sharps or flats. If you have a note like F#, then it is an accidental if you are playing a piece with a key signature of C.

However, in the key of G, F# is one of the notes in they key. Just because it is sharp, does not make it an accidental.

All the sharps/flats are black notes on a piano, whether they are in the key or not. The sentence really should read "Keyboardists may prefer chords with fewer black keys", not "with fewer accidentals". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wrolf (talk • contribs) 11:50, 18 April 2009
 * WRONG! e.g. E#, Fb, B#, Cb, these are white notes, but they are #ed or flatted Gamerktc12 (talk) 14:30, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

Clash
Is The Clash's "Should I Stay or Should I Go" really twelve bar blues? I just don't see it from the chords as posted on the net. Wrolf (talk) 17:14, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

 * It certainly is, but people keep taking it out of the article on the song. Ortolan88 (talk) 18:03, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

Keys
The twelve bar blues are generally played in the key of A, but can be played in any key, often using 7th & 9th chord variations. When played on guitar and bass the blues is most often played in home chords, or chords with several open strings': E-A-B7 or A-D-E7. Keyboardists may prefer C-F-G7 or G-C-D7. If no key is specified, it is assumed that the key will be A.

POV: The 12-bar blues are easy and fun to play! —Quinobi 19:44, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Other examples of the 12 bar blues progression can be found in a lot of early rock n' roll, such as Blue Suede Shoes by Carl Perkins and Hard Headed Woman by Elvis. Zpqmalsk (talk) 02:02, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Ideas for improvement
As I'm a new user I thought i'd place some ideas here for a period, in order for any disagreements to be resolved before i go and make changes etc

1. I'm not sure I agree with directly linking the twelve bar blues progression and 4/4 time per se. Idioms which make extensive use of the twelve bar blues (ie including most "blues" styles) do use 4/4 time almost almost exclusively. But the twelve bar form has been extensively used in many styles! And, in some cases, other time signatures/rhythmic schemes have been involved... (ie All Blues, Miles Davis in 3/4) This in no way deemphasises the fact that it is a twelve bar blues, you know it and feel it. I don't think you can say that "twelve bar blues=4/4 time". And now that I think of it, most traditional "blues" styles use 12/8, anyway!

3. My primary concern is with the jargonesque explanation of the essential characteristics of the form. I think a more useful approach would be to simplify it into its essence, something that I do and explain in layman's terms for students on a (very) regular basis. In other words I think the "call - variation - response" essence kind of thing needs to be drawn out as a priority. From this the technicalities and variations can be discussed. The more obscure (classical?) theoretical references seem more like an appendix or final note?:
 * While the blues is most often considered to be in sectional strophic form with a verse-refrain pattern, it may also be considered as an extension of the variational chaconne procedure. Van der Merwe (1989) considers it developed in part specifically from the American Gregory Walker though the conventional account would consider hymns as the provider of the blues repeating chord progression or harmonic formulae (Middleton 1990.

Yeah. Despite having an extensive music background (B.Mus w first class honours), i'm pretty lost in this paragraph. still useful info, but needs to be prefaced w something more approachable?

I'll leave this here for a while before I pull anything...

Wow! Its so damn rubbish!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Aurgi 12:55, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Probably a good idea to wait. I usually don't use my own ignorance as a guide to what should be deleted from Wikipedia. Hyacinth 22:46, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * sorry, i don't understand what you mean... explain? Aurgi 07:34, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I usually use my knowledge to add and edit content. Hyacinth (talk) 04:38, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Notation
Are there any guidelines anywhere concerning how to represent chord progressions within Wikipedia? If not there should be. It would make things a lot clearer if everyone used the same system. In this one article there are three different methods used: numbers (1 4 5) roman numerals (I IV V) and names (T S D.)

The roman numeral system is probably the way to go, it's the way musicians write things out when dealing with relative harmony.

Also, harmonic rhythm is often confusing or ambiguous in a lot of the articles I've seen. Sometimes a chord symbol represents a measure and other times a single beat. The use of bar lines is probably a good idea.

Text sucks for conveying music notation but some measure of consistency would make these articles a lot more useful and readable. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ned5000 (talk • contribs) 04:20, 29 December 2006 (UTC).

I'll agree with the claim that text sucks for conveying music notation... but since the music itself often includes text, in the form of lyrics, a compromise might be to expand the article by using a well-known song (though finding one that's familiar to everyone will be an impossible challenge), and breaking it down line by line. To the extent that the song is well-known enough, this would allow readers to get the gist of what the textual explanations are trying to do. There are some good examples of 12-bar based songs already, but one could question whether the average reader will have heard the "Empty Bed Blues," for example, as often as more popular works. C d h 12:34, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Musicians have been dealing with notation for thousands of years. See Manual of Style (music). Hyacinth (talk) 19:22, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Basic Is Basic
The The Blues Chord Progression section begins:

A basic example of the progression would look like this, using T to indicate the tonic, S for the subdominant, and D for the dominant, and representing one chord per measure:

T T T T S S T T D S T T

Nice try at explaining the progression, but the terms tonic, subdominant, and dominant are not in common parlance, at least among the musicians I play/perform/teach with. As pointed out previously, the roman numeral notation system would be more universally understood. That aside, the above example is not basic, and not the place to begin discussing this progression and its variations. Rather the following progression (using the original notation) is basic:

...the tenth bar [stays] in dominant, yielding this: T T T T S S T T D D T T

IMO, all twelve-bar blues progressions are variations of this minimalist form. But your mileage may vary.

 * What about this one:

 * C F   C  C7
 * F F    C  A7
 * D G7 C  C
 * Ortolan88 17:38, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

AlvinMGO 14:13, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Either Nashville notation (1 4 5) or Roman numerals (I IV V) would be preferable to the obscure T S D. In the meantime, I'm going to cop that handy guide to common chords from the top of this page and stick it in the article somewhere.  Ortolan88 15:54, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I started trying to fix this, but I'm just a drummer who can play extremely simply blues in C on the piano, so somebody better than me needs to jump in here and straighten this all out. Ortolan88 17:38, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

History section?
Can we have a history section outlining where the progression was first found, how it became famous etc? Enobeno (talk) 00:50, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

I agree that a discussion of origins is in order. I know the first recorded song using the 12-bar blues progression was covered in my History of American Popular Music class, so a reference shouldn't be too hard to find. Toyblocks (talk) 03:43, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Hello,

The problem here is that really nobody knows about the origins of the blues as a form. You could I am sure read for 30 years and never get to be sure about this.

But I suggest that we do not focus of recorded songs using the blues progression. Have a look at a book by Peter Muir. Hundreds of blues were published prior to recording, so it may be that for origins a look at recordings is in order.

The sensible thing to do might be to have a section on 'theories about the origins of the 12-bar blues'. That would a) be more accurate and b) might focus minds on the fact that nobody really knows for sure.

Kate Mash 15:53, 14 November 2017 (UTC)Kate Mash — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kate Mash (talk • contribs)

 * A history section is a good idea and various theories, etc. may be discussed as long as they are supported by reliable sources and follow WP:WEIGHT. Muir's Long Lost Blues: Popular Blues in America, 1850-1920 looks like a scholarly treatment of the subject and would make a good ref. —Ojorojo (talk) 14:30, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

It's patently ridicoulous to have an articlethat doesn't tell you anything about the history and cultural aspects of 12 bar and in context with blues music in general. Stub Mandrel (talk) 20:13, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

"accidentals"
The article currently includes the following paragraph.
 * The blues can be played in any key, but guitar and bass players prefer open chords, that is, chords with several open strings: E-A-B7 or A-D-E7. Keyboardists may prefer chords with fewer accidentals such as C-F-G7 or G-C-D7.

The last sentence seems to confuse an accidental with a black key. Changing a song to a different key can result in more or fewer black keys, but any note that was an accidental relative to the original key will be an accidental relative to the new key. And the example chords given contain no (C-F-G7) or few (G-C-D7) black keys.

Do others agree? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.123.89.65 (talk) 15:46, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Fixed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.123.89.65 (talk) 20:14, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Creativity
12-bar blues is a creative base for a blues piece. But everyone is using this base to make blues pieces. This is NOT creativity and it is not being a composer!

12-bar blues: SUCK! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.117.254.248 (talk) 23:55, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Example for non-musicians?
Uhm, 'bar', 'tonic', 'subdominant'..? It all sounds equally mysterious to me. Perhaps a simple audio sample would help to instantly explain this thing to non-musicians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.101.95.73 (talk) 17:55, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * What about the audio already included? What about the links to definitions and articles about the terms you don't understand? Hyacinth (talk) 03:45, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

As a lay person who is in the process of learning an instrument, I found this whole article unintelligible; please translate from "music" into english. (and yes I did follow links/look at references/listen to bits.) Remember that wikipedia is not a reference for people who _already_ know what they're looking up. (I'd try to fix it myself, but... I couldn't follow it at all. Besides I have my hands full trying to translate the *math* pages into english)Eastmbr (talk) 06:47, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

Potential merger with Jazz blues
There is currently an article about 12-bar blues in jazz. I have proposed merging that article into a new section here, in Twelve-bar blues. There really is no reason to have two articles. Different variations of the same chord progression occur in jazz, early rhythm and blues, blues and rock music... Feedback? Thanks.BassHistory (talk) 09:33, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Done. Twelve-bar blues. Hyacinth (talk) 12:02, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Looks good.BassHistory (talk) 12:06, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Merge discussion
I've flagged this article for the two merges which were proposed on Dec 8th without flagging on this article, to assist with awareness and discussion by all who may have an interest. ( don't think this two-way notification process was followed prior to another merger this week: see Talk:Jazz blues.) AllyD (talk) 08:17, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * And subsequently realised that there's another proposed merger to this article out there, so added it to the Merge-from notice. AllyD (talk) 18:21, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose mergers pending development of consensus on the best overall configuration of article(s) on Blues Form. Again, see the above Talk page for beginning of discussion, which should probably be carried to here. AllyD (talk) 08:20, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with you that we need to have consensus before merging anything. Although I did not merge anything, I am a less experienced editor and I might have misunderstood the process of labeling an article to be merged with another. Please rejoin the discussion below, I'm not sure if you saw my response on the other talk page.BassHistory (talk) 11:55, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

Eight-bar blues
Why and how would eight-bar blues be merged into this article? Hyacinth (talk) 11:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Eight-bar blues is only a derivation of 12-bar blues. It is also far less common, and I doubt there are any solid sources on this form.BassHistory (talk) 02:36, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Then it shouldn't be mentioned. Hyacinth (talk) 01:34, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Tag removed. Hyacinth (talk) 10:08, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Sixteen-bar blues
Why and how would sixteen-bar blues be merged into this article? Hyacinth (talk) 11:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Sixteen-bar blues is only a derivation of 12-bar blues. It is also far less common, and I doubt there are any solid sources on this form.BassHistory (talk) 02:37, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Then it shouldn't be mentioned. Hyacinth (talk) 01:34, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Tag removed. Hyacinth (talk) 10:09, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Bird changes
Why and how would Bird changes be merged into this article? Hyacinth (talk) 11:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Bird changes is a variation of 12-bar blues. It is not commonplace, most jazz blues are not bird blues. This doesn't need it's own article.BassHistory (talk) 02:38, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * If there was a reason it shouldn't have its own article, it is unfortunate that it already has its own article. If there isn't a reason besides "because" then it's fine the way it is. Hyacinth (talk) 01:36, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if I follow you. Bird blues is a type of twelve-bar blues used in jazz. It can simply be mentioned in another article about blues progressions, it doesn't need its own article.BassHistory (talk) 21:48, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Tag removed. Hyacinth (talk) 10:09, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

V-IV-I turnaround
See Talk:V-IV-I turnaround Hyacinth (talk) 11:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Tag removed. Hyacinth (talk) 10:09, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Merge discussions (originally moved from Talk:Jazz blues)
This article has now been ported wholesale into Twelve-bar blues. The result is what we in this part of the world call a midden. The article now has two sets of Navboxes, two placements for references, and duplicating sets of interwiki links. Use one "Nederlands" link and you'll get to "Jazzblues", use the other and you'll get to "Bluesschema". So some tidying needed, and I started then abandoned editing, as this first needs consensus on what should be the Interwiki links on this fused article: presumably just those from the original "Twelve-bar blues" article and discard the former "Jazz blues" ones as no longer worthy of an English article and therefore not an interwiki either?

But taking things a bit wider, maybe there's an opportunity for a bit more consensus building on what is the appropriate outcome in article space? A few issues then: Thoughts welcome. I'm not sure this is even an appropriate place any more after today's merger, but the overall target article landscape surely needs to be defined and agreed rather than piecemeal change. AllyD (talk) 18:08, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Is "Jazz blues" a total subset of "Twelve-bar blues"? Nothing whatsoever to do with Eight-bar blues or Sixteen-bar blues?
 * In fact I see there is now a proposal to merge both the 8 and 16 artcles into "Twelve-bar blues" as well. Aside from the numeric consideration, does this suggest that the appropriate overarching title should be "Blues schema" (as on the Dutch article) or "Blues form" (see the section Blues)?
 * But what then of the wider music readers who do indeed want to read about the 12-bar pure and simple? Do all these merges amount to an appropriation of what was that mainstream article?

 * If you see minor mistakes, such as a section in the wrong place, you should feel free to correct them. Hyacinth (talk) 11:59, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps there could be two articles:
 * The first, Blues progression, or Blues form, could mention 12, 16 and 8 bar blues, as well as V-IV-I (as this progression only occurs in the blues). Some of the more detailed/specific information could be moved from Blues, which is a very long section on a music theory topic for an article on a style of music.
 * The second, Twelve-bar blues, would contain the info from Twelve-bar blues, as well as Jazz blues and Bird changes, which are simply variations of the 12-bar blues (there are thousands of variations of the 12-bar blues).
 * Any thoughts?BassHistory (talk) 00:53, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * To answer your questions,
 * a) Yes, Jazz blues is a total sub-set, as is bird changes, as it is a term used only to denote a type of twelve-bar blues. Nat Adderly's "Work Song", or Wes Montgomery's "Four on Six" (the best examples of what might be called 8-bar and 16-bar blues, respectively, in jazz that come to mind at this moment) would not be referred to as "Jazz blues." (I should note that jazz musicians generally would never use the term "jazz blues", as the V-IV-I turnaround is used much less frequently in jazz)
 * b) Yes, there is a convincing argument to be made for having an article entitled "Blues progression" that covers all of these forms, as Blues progression currently redirects to Twelve-bar blues.
 * c) That is why I am suggesting the two-article idea, where Twelve-bar blues and its harmonic variations can have one article, and blues progression, and its various variants in length, including 12-bar, could be mentioned there.BassHistory (talk) 05:22, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Discussion moved from dead article.BassHistory (talk) 11:47, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

 * As I'd said in the notes above, my concern is to keep a bit of clear space for the non-jazz reader and that camping-onto this particular article is too much. That said, though, the 12-bar article already had elements of that, with comments about building a jazz repertoire, Rhythm Changes and 32-bar form, not directly relevant to the subject at hand. I'm thinking of a 3 article solution:
 * (1) Blues expanded into an article - possibly called "Blues Form" and taking the main inter-wiki strain of linking to Bluesschema etc - and which also provides the framework links to (2) and (3) below, as well as directly covering the 8 and 16 bar variants and any Turnaround expansion thought worthwhile.
 * (2) Twelve-bar blues presenting the basic position.
 * (3) Something like "Use of blues form in jazz" containing the information formerly in "Jazz blues" and "Bird changes" (suitably referenced!).
 * Hence layering to allow a reader to obtain different viewpoints at will, without bombardment of detail? AllyD (talk) 21:10, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I see your point that the main article shouldn't get into to much detail (eg. there's no reason to explain Bird blues in the main article). Could we do it in two articles then, Blues progression and Blues progression in jazz (I have a slight preference for "Blues progression", as that is the term that is more common in American English from my experience)? I would like to point out that Grove doesn't even mention 8-bar or 16-bar blues. It seems like "presenting the basic position" should be the job of the mother article, and Twelve-bar blues should be covered in Blues progression, as 99.9% of all blues are 12-bar. Here are my main concerns:
 * We should stick to reliable sources, and everything should be cited where possible.
 * Musical examples should be used in a concise and universal way, and there doesn't need to be an example for every variation of the blues progression.
 * Please feel free to check out the practice page I started.BassHistory (talk) 23:18, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup
Why and where does this article need to be cleaned up? How should it be cleaned up? Hyacinth (talk) 02:53, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Which examples are unclear? Hyacinth (talk) 02:54, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Tag removed. Hyacinth (talk) 22:42, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

History
Removed the following by User:Gene Fellner from the text of the article:
 * NOTE: This article could be improved by adding information about the early history of the 12-bar blues. When was it first used, and by whom, and using which instruments? What's the earliest known song in this structure? Did it evolve from something else?

—Wahoofive (talk) 20:25, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

Need New Audio
...if even an article was begging for 'em....--Froglich (talk) 22:46, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

The page is full of unplayable (for most) files that do not play on the page itself (at least not for me) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Theabsurdreigns (talk • contribs) 21:45, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Fiddlesticks I noticed there are a few typos. Forgive me for my indiscretions and not spell checking. ;) Sickboy254698 (talk) 22:37, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

List of songs
There are thousands of songs which use a 12-bar blues progression. A majority of songs by blues-related artists use it and listing them here is just stating the obvious. Propose to include only atypical (non-blues) uses of the progression. To help meet verifiablity, propose to include only songs that have WP articles that specifically say they use it or have an inline citation to a reference that confirms this (see WP:SOURCELIST). —Ojorojo (talk) 14:12, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

 * The 28 August 2017 edits added a number of citation needed tags to examples of songs that use 12-bar blues. Since there are already many examples discussed in the main body of the article, the additional "Examples of songs" doesn't appear justified.  If noteworthy, these may be re-added to the main body with citations. —Ojorojo (talk) 16:16, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

I just cut this out and moved it here for your perusal
"Citation needed" is not enough. To try and pass JBG off as a "shuffle or light swing" does not pass the listening test with me & my expert. What about you and yours? Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 22:41, 17 May 2018 (UTC)
 * "Another example, "Johnny B. Goode" (written and first recorded by Chuck Berry), applies a "shuffle" or "light 'swing'" rhythm to one of the more common twelve-bar progressions:"

Structure, First Box
I think the sample to listen to for B is incorrect. It actually says that it's for C and plays C, I think.

Don't know how to edit this.

Berniflower (talk) 13:44, 13 November 2018 (UTC)Berniflower

Music theory articles
IDK if this is the right place to put this. If it's not I apologize. It's my first post. I am only trying to help from a musician standpoint.

For starters after reading some responses to other people's posts I'm not sure I even want to post this. Just going to throw that out there. This is something I know a lot about so I'm trying to help. I have seen other people's posts where they're trying to help out because this is something they know about and those people have accused of being ignorant and stupid. That's not what I expect for Wikipedia. Anyways....

Virtually all of the articles on Wikipedia regarding musical theory of any kind are overly complicated. Contain useless, repetitive information, and make what should be fairly simple concepts impossible to understand.

I chose this article to comment on because it's one of the only ones that is done in a way that is fairly easy for someone who is not musically inclined to understand. That being the goal I would assume. That someone who is not a musician or is looking to become one could come to this page and learn something.

This article contains simple easy to understand charts and descriptions of what goes in those charts. A very easy way for someone to say "oh wow the notes correspond to the numbers and this makes sense now". None of the other articles I have read about music theory contain any of that. I will adhere that I have read dozens if not over a hundred articles links to music theory on Wikipedia. I have read at the very least a few thousand if not more than 10,000 articles on Wikipedia. some days I will read over a hundred at a time.

Moving along... The music theory articles contain musical notation. They contain major and minor chord and note names. Scales etc. Information that the average person who comes here to learn something has no idea what you're talking about. even if you follow all the way down to the most basic of elements in the music theory articles they are all written in a way that the new person or average person cannot possibly understand. They are just way too complicated.

I am only trying to help. My suggestion would be that music articles had some sort of format applied to them. I'm not sure if that goes against what is the normal round here like I said it's my first post. I'm just trying to help. But the simplicity of the charts and diagrams provided in this article should be applied to the other articles.

Now if the answer is I should just do it my damn self. That's not very helpful. I am not a very good editor. I tend to talk too much in case you haven't noticed. I'm loquacious when I need not be. Explaining things in a simple concise way is not my expertise. Music is. So while I can suggest how the articles should be written I don't think it would be best if I wrote them.

Examples of articles that are terrible and horrendously difficult to understand.

- passing notes - tonic/root note - chord progressions

those are just three off the top of my head but...

Every article that is linked into the chord progressions article is written in the way that I described above. Too complicated. The average person will not understand. Not just the average person. The new person coming to learn something that will fulfill their soul's desires. Because that's what this should be about. The knowledge we can give to people to fulfill their own personal desires.

anyways. Like I said I can provide assistance and suggestions on how they can be made simpler. Forgive me if this was not the place to put my verbal diarrhea I'm only trying to help. Thank you Sickboy254698 (talk) 22:36, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Perhaps Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Music theory might be the place to discuss this. Feline Hymnic (talk) 20:17, 13 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Heartfelt comment! I think on some topics there is a tendency for editors to want to impress their peers with their knowledge of theory. They forget the purpose of an encyclopaedia. Stub Mandrel (talk) 13:41, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

Commonest form in blues rock missing
Why is the most frequently encountered version of the progression in blues and rock (not jazz) missing from the Article? I mean:

I  I   I   I V   V   I   I VI  V   I   VI

I.e. it doesn't go to the dominant in the second bar. Stub Mandrel (talk) 13:18, 9 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Do you have a reliable source for this? Or links to sheet music for specific songs? Thanks. —Ojorojo (talk) 15:11, 9 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I emailed my blues expert (so not a wikipedia reliable source, but he does know his stuff and got the following reply:

 * This person seems to have precisely mixed up V and IV. If you exchange IV and V in their description*, then you do get the most common blues progression.  As such this is a progression I have actually used when I'm f'ing about and exchanging IV and V chords. I know of no song recorded outside of this room that uses that progression -- not to that there isn't one somewhere.  Although it's not clear, I think the person also misuses the terms dominant (V) and subdominant (IV).  I.e. one of the most common variations of blues goes to the subdominant in the second bar. In Wiki's article this is noted in the "Quick to 4" description ... as well it should be.  That help?
 * yes it does. Carptrash (talk) 19:47, 9 July 2021 (UTC)
 * To make it easier to discuss, I've added bars to their example as follows:
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:500px;"

 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|V
 * width=8%|V
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|VI
 * width=8%|V
 * width=8%|I
 * width=8%|VI
 * }
 * I was hoping to see some clarification from, because the use of the VI in bars 9 and 12 is highly unusual. It may just be a mistake (like confusing the dominant and subdominants); other chords, such as the VI and the II are sometimes substituted, but not as shown and certainly not the "commonest form". But I agree with some of the sentiments in the preceding section: as one of the simplest (and most ubiquitous) progressions, this topic should be presented in a much clearer manner. —Ojorojo (talk) 13:57, 10 July 2021 (UTC)
 * "I was hoping to see some clarification from ," i guess not. Carptrash (talk) 22:20, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The most common form is under "Twelve-bar blues" (although not the most common name) and its slight variation "Twelve-bar blues" (or "quick change"). I'm removing the unsourced entries under "With turnarounds" (there is an existing article for V–IV–I turnaround). There still are too many chord tables and notations that do little to explain the subject. —Ojorojo (talk) 16:21, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The most common form is under "Twelve-bar blues" (although not the most common name) and its slight variation "Twelve-bar blues" (or "quick change"). I'm removing the unsourced entries under "With turnarounds" (there is an existing article for V–IV–I turnaround). There still are too many chord tables and notations that do little to explain the subject. —Ojorojo (talk) 16:21, 14 July 2021 (UTC)

Well I'm afraid there are other things in my life besides Wikipedia (such as miaking music) so my apologies for taking a few days to reply! Yes, I got muddled, I don't normally use that notation. Basically, I mean the commonest form stays on the root for four bars.

I 	I 	I 	I 	IV 	IV 	I 	I 	V 	IV 	I 	V Stub Mandrel (talk) 21:20, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

I see it is 'variation A', but really it does deserve a bit more prominence.

Stub Mandrel (talk) 21:22, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * That makes more sense, but do you have a reliable source that specifically says that staying on the I in bar 2 instead of going to the IV is the most common? Also, is this just for blues rock (as the section heading indicates) or for blues and rock (in the first sentence)? —Ojorojo (talk) 13:13, 17 July 2021 (UTC)

Bebop Blues audio file doesn't match the notation
the notation says (simplified):

I, IV, I, I,

IV I, #IV, I, V/ii,

ii, V, I V/ii, ii V

the audio file plays (simplified):

I, IV, I, V I,

IV, #IV, I, V/ii,

ii, V, I V/ii, ii V

I think the audio file makes more sense but whichever one is right I think they should match right? changing the text for now

MykalGroll (talk) 22:43, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Twelve-bar blues


text:
Rohrberg, Thuringia

Rohrberg is a municipality in the Eichsfeld, in the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg, in Thuringia, Germany.

The first known mention of the community was in 1055. However, it was deserted in the fifteenth century, only to be re-established starting around 1500. Since 1990, it has belonged administratively to Thuringia.

The mayor is Markus Kulle, elected in 2022.

title: Rohrberg, Thuringia