text:
All-China Journalists Association

The All-China Journalists Association (ACJA), previously known as the 'Chinese Young Journalist Association', is a people's organization established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. November 8 now marks 'National Journalists Day' in China. The society was established by Chinese wartime reporter Fan Changjiang and later organized and sponsored by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). On September 15, 1949, the All China Journalist Association became the first Chinese media association to be formally recognized by, and integrated into, the International Federation of Journalists.

Membership in the association is required for all professional journalists in China as overseen by the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. There are over 217 rural and industrial member organizations in the association, encompassing over 1 million individuals in the media industry in China. The All-China Journalists Association is also a member of the Belt and Road News Network, assisting in the network's establishment in 2017.

Fan Changjiang
Fan Changjiang's career in journalism gained domestic notoriety in China during the Sino-Japanese war, attributed to his work as a war correspondent in regional China. During this period, he made observations of poverty in rural China in his book ‘The Northwest Corner of China’ (Zhongguo de Xibei Jiao), espousing his melancholy to see "bare-footed children…bound-footed women…plodding along’ on the “Refugee Trail".

Fan Changjiang promoted engagement with, and development of, the journalistic profession in rural communities to increase the visibility of minority groups and their diverse experiences during the war and under the existing government. Changjiang became disillusioned with the Nationalist government during the Sino-Japanese war attributed to their perceived disregard for rural communities, and later aligned himself with the CCP.

The Chinese journalist strongly advocated for transforming media practices in China, esteeming objective, factual reporting compared to commentarial pieces in inaccessible language created by his predecessors. Fan Changjiang launched the All-China Journalist Association to manifest this ideological shift, creating an organization where techniques, styles and good reporting practices could be monitored and imparted upon reporters from localities across China and amongst China's various ethnic groups.

Fan Changjiang also participated in opening the ‘Reporters Hostel’ to create a physical location where reporters could collectively gather and share practices and develop ideas. In honor of Fan Changjiang's contribution to the development of journalism and reporting in China, the All-China Journalist Association established the ‘Fan Changjiang Journalist Award’, the most prestigious journalist award in the nation.

Executive Appointment Process
Board members of the All-China Journalist Association are appointed every five years and are typically high-ranking members of Chinese media institutions, domestically renowned reporters, notable public figures, and well-regarded editors.

Zhang Yannong
President Zhang Yannong was born in 1948, joining the ‘People's Daily’ in 1996, one of China's three main state-influenced media organizations. In 2008, he was appointed president of People's Daily. The president was formerly Vice Chairman of the All-China Journalist Association but recently was appointed to president, current as of January 2021.

Shao Huaze
Honorary president Shao Huaze was born in the Zhejiang in 1933 as a member of the dominant Han Chinese ethnic group. Shao joined the People's Liberation Army in 1950 and later joined the CCP in 1957. In 1960, he graduated from the Department of Philosophy of the People's University with a postgraduate degree.

On June 4, 1989, Shao Huaze became the director of the People's Daily, the official mouthpiece of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This appointment followed the removal of existing director Qian Liren and chief editor Tan Wenrui who both had expressed disenfranchisement with the Chinese Communist Party attributed to their involvement in the Tiananmen Square Massacre. In response to this, Shao publicly condemned journalists for spreading "misleading" information about the government.

Formally the president of the All-China Journalist society, Shao Huaze is now the honorary president. Shao Huaze has also been a member of the 15th, 14th and 9th General Committee and National Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Liu Zhengrong
Liu Zhengrong is a member of the Chinese Communist party and the Deputy Chief of Internet Affairs at the Bureau of the State Council Information Office. He has been significantly involved in preventing access to ‘illicit’ materials entering China through establishment of online ‘firewall’ mechanisms. Liu also acted as vice-president of Xinhua News Agency and currently is also an Executive Secretary for the All-China Journalists Association.

Vice-Presidents
The following is current of January 2021.

 * Fu Hua
 * Liu Chengan
 * Niu Yibing
 * Sun Jilian
 * Tian Jin
 * Zhang Xiaoguo
 * Zhang Yuxin

Executive Secretaries
The following is current of January 2021.

 * Liu Zhengrong
 * Tian Yuhong
 * Wu Jing
 * Zhang Baixin

Domestic Work Department
The Domestic Work Department works with communities to understand domestic rhetoric and sentiment. Journalists are able to produce authentic localized pieces within the guidelines of the Chinese Communist Party Department of Propaganda.

International Liaison Department
The International Liaison Department of the Chinese Communist Party works to establish connections and communications with foreign media organizations. This outreach program enables Chinese perspectives to be represented in international media as well as Chinese journalists to participate in the international community of journalists.

Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao Affairs Department
The Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Department works with media organizations in these locations in an attempt to improve diplomatic communications and share media practice and ideology.

The General Office and Journalism Training Centre
The General Office and Journalism Training Centre collaborates with the Chinese Communist Party, Journalism schools and university departments to connect journalists and organizations with students, as well as to spread methods and techniques associated with journalism. This department works in adherence to the 2013 ‘Joint Model’ of cooperation and collaboration between the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee and Chinese universities, so as to ensure the spread of CCP ideals and desired media output.

China Photography Association
Established in 1956, the Chinese Photography Association, renamed the Photojournalist Society of China in 1983, aims to provide a platform for photographers to express their interpretation of life in China through visual media focused on both natural landscapes and human stories. The association joined the All-China Journalist association upon its inception and was founded by the former head of the Xinhua News Photography Department, Shi Shaohua, who became the chairman of the new association. The photographer's association aimed to create photographic exhibitions, national and internationally recognized magazines and establish awards to recognize talented Chinese photographers.

Other Industrial Partners
The following list is current as of January 2021.

 * Chinese Automotive Journalists Association
 * China City-Level Newspaper Society
 * China Country-Level Newspaper Society
 * China Digest News Society
 * China Petroleum Journalists Association
 * China Evening News Journalists Association
 * Chinese News Cartoon Society
 * Chinese Newspaper Supplements Society
 * Chinese Posts and Telecommunications Journalist Association

Provincial Member Organizations

 * Anhui Journalists Association
 * Chongqing Journalists Association
 * Fujian Journalists Association
 * Gansu Journalists Association
 * Guangdong Journalists Association
 * Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Journalists Association
 * Guizhou Journalists Association
 * Hainan Journalists Association
 * Hebei Journalists Association
 * Heilongjiang Journalists Association
 * Henan Journalists Association
 * Hubei Journalists Association
 * Hunan Journalists Association
 * Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Journalists Association
 * Jiangsu Journalists Association
 * Jiangxi Journalists Association
 * Jilin Journalist Association
 * Liaoning Journalists Association
 * Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Journalists Association
 * Qinghai Journalists Association
 * Shaanxi Journalists Association
 * Shandong Journalists Association
 * Shanghai Journalists Association
 * Shanxi Journalists Association
 * Sichuan Journalists Association
 * Tianjin Journalists Association
 * Tibet Autonomous Region Journalists Association
 * Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Journalist Association
 * Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Journalists Association
 * Yunnan Journalists Association
 * Zhejiang Journalists Association

Fan Changjiang Award
The Fan Changjiang Award is awarded to reporters, and is regarded as one of the two most recognized journalism awards in China.

Taofen Award
The Taofen Award, named after Zou Taofen is dedicated to journalistic editors for 'outstanding' contribution.

Project summary
The Belt and Road Project is a physical manifestation of China's expansionary foreign policy under leadership of Xi Jinping. The initiative was launched in Kazakhstan at Nazarbayev University and in Indonesia in late 2013. The Belt and Road Initiative is of significance internationally attributed to China's inextricable and transnational economic integration, predominantly through its role in manufacturing but expanding into other industries such as technology.

The Belt and Road Project has three predominant aspects: Overland, Technological, and Maritime. The Overland aspect includes coherent development of routes passing through Russia, Mongolia, the Middle East, Central Asia, Turkey and ending at Europe. The initiative's Maritime manifestation includes control and ability to facilitate trade and movements through the South China Sea, Indian Ocean and towards the Middle East and Europe. Technologically, China has developed satellites, fiber-optic cables, communication networks, and has promoted the expansion of Chinese mobile companies to integrate the international community and China more deeply. The Chinese government has launched initiatives to these effects, such as developing railways in the south-east Asian region. China has also worked to influence nations through crafting aid agreements, bilateral trading agreements and establishing free trade with participating and cooperative nations.

All-China Journalists Association and Belt and Road
The All-China Journalists Association regularly cooperates with the Chinese government and member organizations and journalists to produce content that updates about and promotes the Belt and Road Project. This is exemplified through articles published by the organization in cooperation with oligarchical Chinese news agencies such as Xinhuanet and China Daily. A report on May 5, 2020, from the organization in collaboration with China Daily alludes to Russian collaboration through the assertion "we are all in a community of common destiny. ”

In 2018, the All-China Journalists Association assembled the BRI Journalists Forum, which included approximately 100 representatives from 47 developing countries.

The Belt and Road Journalists Network
The Belt and Road Initiative has also enabled the All-China Journalist Society, in collaboration with other members of the Belt and Road Project to create a ‘Belt and Road Journalists Network. The Belt and Road News Network, launched in 2017, encompasses 208 media organizations from over 98 different nations. The Chair of the organization is China's People's Daily in collaboration with the All-China Journalists Association with the Secretariat located at ‘People's Daily’ in Beijing, China. The first council meeting was held in 2019, in Beijing, China, with over 40 international media organizations present.

This collaboration encompasses multiple media forms, including music, photography and news. Belt and Road News Network activities include collaborative media trips, shared access to news and media archives and databases, collective workshops and training seminars, as well as awards. In September 2019, the Belt and Road News Network held a media workshop in China; over 47 countries were represented and over 100 senior correspondents and senior editors were present.

Belt and Road News Association Charter
The Charter contains 20 articles espousing collective adherence to ‘peaceful cooperation’ and ‘mutual learning.’

title: All-China Journalists Association


text:
Gibourne

Gibourne is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gibourne


text:
Taramasalata

Taramasalata or taramosalata (ταραμοσαλάτα; from taramás 'fish roe' < tarama + Greek: saláta 'salad' < insalata ) is a meze made from tarama, the salted and cured roe (colloquially referred to as caviar) of the cod, carp, or grey mullet (bottarga) mixed with olive oil, lemon juice, and a starchy base of bread or potatoes, or sometimes almonds. Variants may include garlic, spring onions, or peppers, or vinegar instead of lemon juice. While not traditionally Greek, smoked rather than cured cod's roe is more widely available in some places, and often used. Bottarga is usually much more expensive than cod's roe.

Traditionally the dish is made with a pestle and mortar, giving a slightly grainy texture, but commercial taramasalata is commonly blended to a very smooth paste.

Taramasalata is usually served as a meze, often with ouzo, as a spread on bread. The colour can vary from creamy beige to pink, depending on the type of roe and colourings used. Most taramasalata sold commercially is dyed pink, but high quality taramasalata is always beige in colour.

In Greece, taramasalata is often served on Clean Monday (Καθαρά Δευτέρα, Kathará Deftéra), the first day of Great Lent, with onions and lemon.

Etymology
Borrowed from Greek word ταραμάς (roe), itself a borrowing from Turkish tarama. Normally, tarama is the salted roe itself, but sometimes the prepared dish is also called tarama.

The spelling taramosalata reflects the Greek, but in English the a spelling is common.

Salată de icre
A similar dip or spread, salată de icre ('roe salad' in Romanian) is also common in Romania and Bulgaria (known as хайвер, or haiver), and Israel (where it is known as ikra). It is made with pike or carp roe, but generally with sunflower or vegetable oil instead of olive oil, sometimes with a thickener like white bread. It is mass-produced and is widely available in grocery shops and supermarkets, as well as being made at home, in which case chopped onions are commonly added. It has a consistency and taste similar to mayonnaise, with the roe taking the place of the egg as protein. The traditional production method of salată de icre is standardized under the Romanian departmental standard N.I.D. 927-70 N 23 and registered as an EU Traditional Speciality Guaranteed under the name "Salată tradițională cu icre de crap". The roe of this product is for over 50% carp based.

A dip, fasole bătută or fasole făcăluită (mashed beans), prepared with mashed beans, sunflower oil, garlic and chopped onions, is sometimes called icre de fasole (beans roe).

title: Taramasalata


text: Category:Maverick County, Texas

title: Category:Maverick County, Texas


text:
Moira O'Neill

Moira O'Neill was the pseudonym of Agnes Shakespear Higginson (1864–1955), an Irish-Canadian poet who wrote ballads and other verse inspired by County Antrim, where she lived at Cushendun. In 1895, she and her husband Walter Skrine lived on a 16,500 acre ranch in Alberta. But they returned to Ireland and were, in 1921, burned out of their mansion Ballyrankin House near Bunclody.

She also used the name Nesta. She published Songs of the Glens of Antrim (1900) and More Songs of the Glens of Antrim (1921). From the first of these collections, composer Charles Villiers Stanford selected the six poems of his song-cycle 'An Irish Idyll' (publ. 1901), dedicated to baritone Harry Plunket Greene, which includes one of Stanford's best-known songs, 'The Fairy Lough'. Her poem Sea Wrack was also set to music for voice and piano by the composer Hamilton Harty and this remains a popular work today.

Early life and family
Moira O'Neill was born in Mauritius on the 13th of July, 1864 and was raised in Cushendun, County Antrim in Ireland. She used the name "Moira O'Neill" to publish her poems, However her birth name was "Agnes Higginson" but people used to call her "Nesta". She was the youngest daughter of Charles Higginson who was a colonial administrator in Mauritius and Mary Higginson who was the daughter of the Governor of Mauritius Sir James MacAuley. Charles and Mary were initially first cousins and raised seven children together, four boys and three girls. Agnes's brothers joined the military which then encouraged the family to move to Rockport, Cushendun in County Antrim.

On the 5th of June, 1895, Agnes married Walter Clarmont Skrine who was born in Warleigh Manor, County Somerset. The couple was married in Cushendun and after that moved to Alberta, Canada since Walter had land holdings placed there. "The couple settled in the Bar S Ranch, 24 miles southwest of High River where Walter had nearly 17,000 acres under lease and built a new, two-story home for his family, the lumber freighted from Calgary by teams of horses". Agnes and Walter raised five children together, three sons and two daughters. Charles John and Susan were born in Canada, Mary Nesta who became a famous writer and was known as "Molly Keane", Godfrey Higginson and Walter Henry were born in Ireland when the family moved back in 1902 and settled in the Ballyrankin House, Ferns, County Wexford. However, in 1921 the house was burned down by the republicans and the Skrine family had to move back to Northern Ireland and lived at their cousins house until the Skrine's home in Ballyrankin was stable to live in again.

Later life and death
After marrying Walter Clarmont Skrine in 1895 the couple re located to live a rather secluded life on Walters 17,000-acre ranch 24 miles southwest of high river in Alberta Canada. They would live peacefully there for six years, starting a family, before returning to Moira’s beloved Ireland in 1902. With the family now growing larger, the family originally settled on the outskirts of Dublin in Ballymore Eustace County Kildare before moving ultimately to Ferns in County Wexford. Having had her family home in Ferns tragically burned down by republicans during the war of independence, Moira along with Husband Walter re located temporarily to the north of Ireland while they awaited the reconstruction of their home. It was during this stay in the north of Ireland that reminded her of the deep-rooted love for Antrim she still possessed, the county in which she was born, and inspired her to publish 'More songs of the Glens of Antrim' a somewhat sequel to her earlier release in 1901 'Songs of the glens of Antrim' one of Moira O'Neill's most coveted collections of poetry. Although Agnes took her husband's last name, she continued to write under her nom de plume 'Moira O'Neill' well into her later life as she continued to publish Poetry.

O'Neill and husband Walter had five children. Their daughter Mary went on to become a novelist and playwright who went under the pen names 'Molly Keane' and occasionally 'M.J Farrell'. It was in 1930 that O'Neill's husband Walter would pass away leaving his wife, then 65, to live another quarter of a century without him. With her children grown up and having never been a social character, O'Neill became even more introverted and isolated socially without her family present. Moira O'Neill died at Ballyrankin house in County Wexford on January 22, 1955, aged 90.

title: Moira O'Neill


text:
Talk:Lillian Roxon

Untitled
moved this paragraph from article until it is npoved. actually it seems difficult to apply a npov to this (talk about a string of peacock terms!), without cutting it entirely. clarkk 09:15, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Although short and always sensitive about her weight, Roxon was beautiful, vivacious, witty, erudite, charming, outgoing, fearlessly ambitious and extremely intelligent, and she rapidly developed into a gifted writer.

New book coming out about her: LILLIAN ROXON By Robert Milliken on Thunder’s Mouth Press

Age at Death
I noticed that Lillian's age at death is wrong in the info box. It says she died at 50 years old, but if you do the math it should be 40 years old. Also, her obituary in the New York Times (August 11, 1973, Page 22) says she died at 40. I couldn't figure out how to edit the info box, so have added this comment here. undervolcano 18:44, April 19, 2024 — Preceding undated comment added 01:45, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

I have corrected the infobox. She was 41 when she died. Design (talk) 01:54, 21 April 2024 (UTC)

Semiprotection review

 * 14:20, 7 March 2008 Orderinchaos protected Lillian Roxon  (persistent POV pushing by socks [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed])

This was over 18 months ago so I'm reviewing to see whether semiprotection is still necessary. As well as welcoming opinions from regular editors, I've contacted Orderinchaos, the protecting admin. --TS 11:20, 15 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Should be OK now. The editor who caused severe problems at this and other articles largely seems to be under control - we see a reappearance about once every 3 months and it can usually be dealt with by banhammer. Orderinchaos 12:08, 15 September 2009 (UTC)
 * As a past contributor to this and Nicola Roxon, I support lifting the semi-protection. It can alway be reapplied if required. Euryalus (talk) 12:57, 15 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Have unset it. Orderinchaos 13:04, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 22:01, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Lillian Roxon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110106075659/http://miff.com.au/films/view?film_id=102622 to http://miff.com.au/films/view?film_id=102622

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:54, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lillian Roxon


text:
Lucha Reyes (Peruvian singer)

Lucila J. Sarsines Reyes (July 19, 1936 – October 31, 1973), was a Peruvian performer and one of the most respected singers of her country, one of Peru's most famous African-Peruvian personalities as well as a symbol of Peruvian nationalism both in Peru and to expatriates. She was also known by the pseudonyms "La Morena de Oro del Perú", given to her by Augusto Ferrando, and "La Reina de la Popularidad". She is well known for her voice and her music has gone through history as some of the best in the history of Peruvian music.

History
Born to a poor family in the capital, Lima, Reyes was one of sixteen siblings. Her father, Tobías Sarsines, died after she turned six months old. Reyes spent much of her childhood living away from her immediate family. She sold newspapers and lottery tickets to survive. Her house burned down, and she went on to live at a Catholic church.

As a child, Reyes met Pitito Pérez, a famous Peruvian singer of the era. Pérez liked her voice and invited her to join him in a duo. The duo was named Lucha y Juan. The duo gave Reyes the opportunity to be heard on national radio stations. Lucha Reyes debuted in a show named El Sentir de los Barrios (or "The way the Neighborhoods Feel") singing the cultural standard "Abandonada" by Sixto Carrera, a song with lyrics that resembled her own experiences on the streets. She eventually joined the controversial music group Peña Ferrando of Augusto Ferrando (1919–1999).

Lucha Reyes was briefly married to a policeman.

Art
Reyes acted sporadically in theater plays around Lima and would later go on to act in a movie named Una Carta al Cielo ("A Letter to Heaven") by Salvador Oda, about a boy whose dead mother (voiced-over by Reyes) would speak to him. Lucha performed in various acts, living on art in a bohemian style, and produced music favored by the military nationalist government, who encouraged the diffusion of the Peruvian cultural expressions through mass media.

In 1970, helped by Nilo Marchand, manager of the record label FTA (Fabricantes Técnicos Asociados), Reyes recorded her greatest success, "Regresa" ("Come Back") by Augusto Polo Campos, a number-one international hit. On the success of "Regresa", Reyes recorded her first LP and, soon after, began her only international tour.

Last days
She was diagnosed with tuberculosis and diabetes. The diabetes left her blind. She had cardiac complications and alcoholism.

Lucha Reyes asked composer Pedro Pacheco to write "Mi Última Canción" ("My Last Song"). On October 30, 1973, one day before her death, she sang "My Last Song" at a well-known local radio broadcasting station. On the following day, October 31, 1973, Lucha Reyes, "La Morena de Oro del Perú" (Peru's Golden Black Woman) died. She is buried in the Cementerio El Ángel in Lima.

Legacy
Lucha Reyes and the ensemble Los Morochucos made a name for black performers among the leading interpreters of the vals criollo and marinera genres. The vals criollo derives from the Viennese waltz. The music is not originally African -Peruvian, but was converted by phrasing lyrics and playing the vals criollo with slightly off-beat accents. The addition of the cajón to the traditional instrumentation of two guitars served to give the vals an African -Peruvian dimension. Marinera songs honor the sailors who fought in the war with Chile and are played with two guitars, a cajón, and accompanied by hand clapping.

Songs such as "¿Qué Importa?" of Juan Mosto ("What Does It Matter?"), with lyrics like " yet another failure is but a drop of water in the ocean for me " were made famous by Lucha Reyes. Her songs were rich with Peruvian Nationalism and criollo pride. Today, October 31, the same day of her death, is the "Día de la Canción Criolla" (Day of the Creole Song) and is celebrated in Peru every year.

On July 19, 2019, Google showed a Doodle celebrating what would have been her 83rd birthday.

Discography

 * La Morena De Oro Del Peru (1970)
 * Una Carta al Cielo (1971)
 * Siempre Criolla (1972)
 * Mi Ultima Cancion (1973)
 * ¡Regresa!.... (1974)
 * Lucha por Siempre....Lucha (1974)
 * El Show de Lucha Reyes (1975)
 * Cuatro Estrellas Criollas
 * Jamás impedirás
 * Un rosal divino
 * Yo tengo una pena

Compilations

 * Criollos Inolvidables
 * Criollos Inolvidables Vol.2
 * Criollos Inolvidables Vol.3
 * Regresa: Lucha Reyes, La Morena de Oro del Perú (Music & More, 2010)

title: Lucha Reyes (Peruvian singer)


text:
Podbielski

Podbielski is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

 * Eugen Anton Theophil von Podbielski (1814-1879), general in the Prussian Army
 * Victor von Podbielski (1844-1916), Prussian politician and military officer
 * Viktor von Podbielski (1892-1945), German politician, mayor of Frankfurt (Oder) 1943-1945

title: Podbielski


text:
Talk:Shōgun (novel)

Macron in title
Shouldn't most of the Shogun articles be moved to Shōgun? The Japanese word certainly should, according to the Manual of Style, and as far as I know the novel, miniseries and Infocom game consistently used a macron (at least in the title). --KJBracey 17:16, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

[Palehorse864] This one should probably be given the overlying mark above the O since that seems to be the system the book used. For the title itself, Shougun is also appropriate, and in my opinion, more precise to the japanese spelling　of　"しょうぐん". Note that the first two characters, the し　and small よ combine to form Sho. The rest is as you would expect (U and GU and N).

12 episodes?
The tv series I saw had 10 episodes. That is also the information that IMDB has. --Coma28 04:52, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * IMDb's info, while usually pretty accurate, does contain errors. Shogun originally aired on five nights over one week (the mists of time have obscurred exactly which days of that week). The first and fifth episodes were three hours long (with commercials) and two, three and four were two hours each. This is why you will find some websites (like jamesclavell.net) where they list it as a 12 hour, or episode, series. There was less commercial time per hour in 1980 (oh those were the days), so that is why you will also find it listed as the nine hour epic. As with other epics through the ages changes to this original version began almost immediately. The two hour theater version being the most exteme example. Subsequent TV showings gave us the ten part version that some of you (and the person who entered the info on IMDb), will be familiar with. Scenes from the original showing had been edited to fit this new format. Amazon shows the current DVD total run time as 547 minutes, but I have not seen it to see where, or if, they have the episode breaks. Maybe someone who has can add that info to this discussion.MarnetteD | Talk 05:42, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Text cut from article
The two-episode version is unknown to me. You're supposed to be writing from a 3rd person's POV -- Project2501a 09:18, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Removal of direct links to abandonware downloads
I am removing the direct links to the abandonware games mentioned. With the focus on removing copyvio in our text, I don't believe we should be linking directly to downloads of abandonware games, even with a disclaimer (in spite of my own personal feelings on the issue.)I've changed the text to simply confirm their existence, and to suggest that they may be available at a site like Home of the Underdogs. JubalHarshaw 05:38, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

More information need on the cover illustration
The new infobox for books is great, but we need to indicate which edition is illustrated here. Obviously it is not the first edition, but a later paperback edition. Can someone add this? Thanks. 23skidoo 14:35, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Uhh. Yeah. Hi. When I added the infobox I didn't know the cover artist, so sorry about that. Thanks to whoever added it.

And the artist IS Ed Vebell. I have that edition so I checked. LonelyPker 17:48, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Better Summary
Personally, I think that summary is very vague. Could someone add a little bit of detail to it? Thanks much. LonelyPker 17:52, May 13, 2006 (UTC)

Why mark this as unsourced?
An editor marked this article as not citing its sources. From what I can see all that's here is a summary of the book -- so the BOOK is the source. Plus there are mentions of spin-off products that are factual by their existence. I invite the editor to explain what he/she feels is not sourced. As far as I'm concerned, the infobox contains all the sourcing. 23skidoo 03:54, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Check out the lack of sources in the "historical accuracy" section. 24.16.164.87 (talk) 16:19, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

E-book available?
is there any place where the copyright has expired and one could download the pdf/txt version of this great novel?

````
 * I can't imagine why anyone in their right mind would want to read a 1000+ page novel on a computer screen. In any event, the book is only 30 years old. It's doubtful there is any place on earth where it isn't copyrighted (and it would be a copyright violation to download it if you happen to be in a place where the copyright is in place, anyway. Which basically means if you're in the Americas, Europe or Asia you're definitely out of luck for the next 50 years or so. That said, it's always possible a publisher holding the rights could issue an e-book (though again, why?) but I've yet to hear of this. 23skidoo 14:09, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Mariko is torn over Christian faith?
It's been decades since I read the book, but the miniseries is fairly fresh in my mind and I don't remember Mariko being torn at all, and actually I could swear she said something to Blackthorne suggesting that worshipping the Christian god, on top of a 1001 'Japanese' gods, didn't really present a problem for her. Is this a revision of the miniseries? Cryptonymius 17:03, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Generally, Mariko is conflicted between her duty to her feudal lord (Toranaga), her Christian beliefs, and her love for Blackthorne. In the end she manages to serve all three to a greater or lesser extent. I don't recall it being any different in either the miniseries or the novel (though the novel shows in greater details the behind-the-scenes political dealings she is involved in, of course.) JubalHarshaw 18:01, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This article isn't about the miniseries - which differs quite a bit from the novel. Among otehr differences, it's the political end not shown in the miniseries that brings out her conflict. 24.16.164.87 (talk) 16:20, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Currently the article says that Mariko is "torn between her new faith and her loyalty as a samurai's wife and to Toranaga." This seems a bit unclear to me, and also implies that Mariko is not samurai in her own right. I would like to change this to read "Mariko must balance her loyalty to her new faith with the loyalty she owes as a samurai to her husband Buntaro and to her liege lord Toranaga." Revanneosl (talk) 12:51, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

Fernão Mendes Pinto
Look at this guy. Id say Clavell draws more from him than from William Adams. Pinto claimed to be shipwrecked on Japan, being the first European in Japan, introducing the gun, had contact to a contact and met a guy named Anjiro (hence the name if the village).--Tresckow 13:12, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm sure Clavell borrowed a number of things. The fact Blackthorne was based on Adams is well-known but the book isn't a biography of Adams, so he might well have included elements of Pinto. However Blackthorne is not the first European in Japan by any means, nor did he introduce the gun to the country. If anything Pinto might have more connections to Rodrigues. 23skidoo 13:20, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Judo
Under 'historical inaccuracies' there is this phrase For example: early on in the book a character is said to practice Judo, despite Modern Judo not being invented until hundreds of years after the book is set. Some forms (Jikishin-ryū Judo) of what is now called Jujutsu were referred to as judo historically, also at the time of writing the translation of whatever the character was doing as judo would have been sensible as this was far better known in the west (as an Olympic sport) than jujutsu. As such it is not so much an inaccuracy as poetic licence. Should this be re phrased or removed?--Nate 12:36, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The reference is to Mura, village headman at Anjiro (and actually Toranaga's samurai spy), incapacitating a truculent Blackthorne through an unnamed unarmed combat technique. At no point is it called Judo or Karate or anything else. Blackthorne simply notices Mura's incredible proficiency in hand-to-hand and the skill is not elaborated on. If Clavell had called it by one of those names it would have been an anachronism, but he didn't. 131.96.215.74 (talk) 19:19, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

Hiromatsu
in the list, it has hiromatsu as two real life people, would it be better to just give hiromatsu one spot so to speak?--70.173.126.2 (talk) 05:01, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Quotations aren't "Miscellaneous"
I'd like to remove the tag on the quotations section. The quotes are well-chosen, appropriate, and hardly "miscellaneous". They're evocative of the book as a whole, fit in perfectly with the rest of the article, and should be kept. (Though I do agree that the plot summary has grown overly long.)

Wellspring (talk) 14:09, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm going to boldly agree with your nearly year-old suggestion and do this. That tag is, in my opinion, intended for much more egregious violations than this rather well-done quotations section. ɠǀɳ̩ςεΝɡ  bomb  15:58, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Plot Summary
The plot summary needs a serious re-working. There are substantial elements of the plot that are either glossed over or ignored altogether (in particular during Blackthorne and crew's early days in Japan -- they weren't just tossed straight into a pit and tortured). I'm going to take a crack at reworking some of this, but other editor contributions would be welcome. I just finished the book myself but even with it fresh in mind I'm positive I don't remember all salient aspects of what was quite a plot labyrinth. ɠǀɳ̩ςεΝɡ bomb  15:56, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

The Approach to the Japanese Coastline.
I read Shogun years ago and I remember a reference to the "wheel". Subsequently, I read that in 1600 the tiller was the only way to steer the ship. Wheels were not used until much later. What is the consensus on this?Longinus876 (talk) 13:01, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Quite correct. The ships wheel doesn't appear until early 1700s. 85.229.56.88 (talk) 16:31, 22 July 2016 (UTC)

Reception section says nothing about how critics responded to the book.
The "Reception" section says nothing about how critics responded to the book. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:6:5600:5AC:396A:DD57:84B0:A1F (talk) 16:40, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

Major flaw - Chess
Throughout the novel, Clavell refers to strategy of "western chess". However, chess was never popular in Japan (shogi was/is popular), and so Toranaga would have never known chess concepts. So, he couldn't have "sacrifice the queen". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.91.45.236 (talk) 17:43, 9 March 2017 (UTC)
 * This is a work of fiction, so, no, it isn't a "flaw" and without some sort of reference to point to you are wasting space here. No Original Research and citations only, please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by HammerFilmFan (talk • contribs) 20:20, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

Question on English
The Reception section reads, "Clavell said that Shōgun "is B.C. and A.D.". Is this an idiom meaning it changed everything like the birth of Jesus Christ? Google search feeds me only basic definitions of the acronyms.--2400:4050:95C3:2B00:8D1:D0EF:64A5:1FA1 (talk) 00:06, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Self-resolved: After more searches, I found a NYTimes article where Clavell said "For me, that was like the difference between B.C. and A.D. All of a sudden everybody knew my work." The meaning is correct, though the phrase may not be a widely used idiom. 2400:4050:95C3:2B00:4C90:C32E:3FB2:E8E9 (talk) 23:47, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

In popular culture
An IP editor has added a new subsection § In popular culture. The content of that section is unsourced trivia that has had no notable impact on 'popular culture'. For those reasons, I reverted that edit. Within a minute, and in violation of WP:BRD, another IP (presumably the same editor) reverted me. So I've started the discussion part of that and won't revert again. If this new section of trivia is to remain in the article, at the very least, each tidbit of trivia be sourced to relaiable sources. As you might guess, I oppose the inclusion of the §In popular culture.

—Trappist the monk (talk) 00:11, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Edit warring/content disputes
I recommend everyone start discussing more, and reverting less, or I'm going to start locking the article from editing soon. Please start hashing out your issues here on the talk page and waiting until there's a WP:CONSENSUS before you proceed. Thanks. Sergecross73  msg me  21:07, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Noted 5ive9teen (talk) 22:39, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

32 revisions later and the lead is still not okay,. I can't keep repeating the same thing: this is not helping the article. See your talk page. soetermans. ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 23:26, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Please take note of Sergecross73 admonitions and discuss suggested improvements here and only here 5ive9teen (talk) 23:34, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * And 37 revisions since. You know you can also make one edit, right? And maybe use straight apostrophes. I am going to put back the lead. I am asking you to stop changing its wording. Yours was grammatically and stylistically incorrect. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 04:57, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I've also copy-pasted a more suitable premise. After nearly 70 (!) edits, you didn't spot "Shogante"? soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 05:05, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No such thing as a Shōgun restoration. Shogunate restoration was the correct term, amd the omission of that suggests that the Shogunate was uninterrupted.

5ive9teen (talk) 05:38, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You just did a revert wo discussion, this is edit warring 5ive9teen (talk) 05:29, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You seem to be willfully ignoring me. I've put back the proper lead and the premise. Take another look at the diff. Before: "Shogun recounts the events that would lead to the Shogante restoration of1603." The novel is Shōgun, it doesn't "recount the events", it is fiction. "would lead to" is clunky and in this case unnecessary regardless. Really, again, despite nearly 70 revisions, "Shogante". And no space between "of" and "1603". It is objectively better. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 05:39, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * , please step in. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 05:39, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No idea of what is coinciding with what. This may be the third time this has been pointed out.
 * set the stage to become Shogun through early moves coinciding with and facilitated by a newly arrived English sailor John Blackthorne 5ive9teen (talk) 05:52, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * To be clear, the novel extends beyond the battle and is not solely set to only what happens before the battle.
 * Set in feudal Japan before the pivotal Battle of Sekigahara of 1600 helped usher in the Edo period 5ive9teen (talk) 06:00, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You are to specifically point out in discussion the grammatical and stylistic issue here, Where we will work towards a consensus. Only then can can the edits be made, 5ive9teen (talk) 05:48, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * See WP:BRD. I disagree with your edits. So there is no consensus, so stop pushing. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 06:08, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Agreed, there has been no consensus since you’ve made no attempt towards it, and though you are obliged to do so. Again, discuss, gain consensus, then edit. 5ive9teen (talk) 06:13, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * WP:DIDNTHEARTHAT? I have left you several messages and issued you two warnings. There is no consensus, I am saying you are not improving the article yet you continued all the same. And I need to discuss? The lead and premise are objectively better. I've asked for help. This sounds like WP:OWNERSHIP at this point.  soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 06:26, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * From above:
 * Please start hashing out your issues here on the talk page and waiting until there's a WP:CONSENSUS before you proceed. Thanks. Sergecross73 msg me 21:07, 19 April 2024
 * A less belligerent approach would be helpful 5ive9teen (talk) 06:57, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Please,, there are nearly 70 edits by 5ive9teen. I've left them messages, and I have gone through several points that are not okay. They hardly reply at all and most communication by them goes through edit summaries. The lead was and incorrect and that the premise had typos and erors (again, Shogante!). What else would like you for me to do? I cannot keep repeating myself again and again. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 07:03, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Would you like to see I copy-paste the discussion from User talk:5ive9teen? What else is there to do? soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 07:07, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Reverting, especially when warned not to, is not a solution, You’re cordially invited to enter a good faith dialogue in which grievances are not productive at all. 5ive9teen (talk) 07:13, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You can stop the holier-than-thou attitude. Cordially invited, my ass. I had to notify an admin to get you to start talking. One reply by you on your talk page. I've said my piece. The lead is better this way. WP:BRD and WP:STATUSQUO. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 09:41, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Again, this approach, which has resulted in an edit war halted by an edit restriction, is not productive. It is better to assume good faith and proceed accordingly 5ive9teen (talk) 16:33, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

Okay, page protected then. Please hash things out on the talk page, or start reaching out to outside groups for input. (WP:WIKIPROJECTS, WP:3O, WP:DRN, etc.) I don't know enough about this book or its subjects to really mediate anything myself. Sergecross73  msg me  11:35, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi, I just went over the article again. I am going to ask you to really read, check and double-check my edit before you go reverting again. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 05:09, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * , I don't know how to get through to you. I asked you to really go over it. To my dismay, you reintroduced "rent", it's when it should be its, with a curly apostrophe to boot, and changed it back to Northern European again. Please, undo these edits. I have a strong feeling you will outright ignore any of my messages. I'll start an ANI discussion if you will. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 10:19, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Let’s gather consensus and have a discussion free of accusation and unhelpful expressions of frustration. I welcome any civil replies.

 * There was no revert, granted this seems to not be a specific grievance, still, several of the preceding edits were improvements and of course, were left as such
 * There was more than one typo from another editor corrected by myself.
 * Rent (per Webster “a split in a party or organized group” in this case the Regents) is absolutely the right word as well as one commonly use towards it’s current purpose. Run is nonsensical verb and impossible in the context. Dynastic clashes can not have agency
 * Western European is untrue: Portugal is literally the most western country in Western Europe, and had been trading in Japan as well as well involved with Japanese polities for over half a century. 5ive9teen (talk) 17:56, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is. Manually undoing my edit is also a revert, even if partial. I disagree with your revision. There is no WP:CONSENSUS. You do not OWN this article. Undo your revert. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 18:13, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Like talking to a goddamn brick wall. You again are not following standard lead guidelines, are again making unnecessary piped links and are again adding incorrect curly apostrophes. This is going nowhere. I'm very busy today, I am going to file an ANI report about you tomorrow.. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 04:06, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

Premise
This is false:

Set in feudal Japan before the pivotal Battle of Sekigahara of 1600 helped usher in the Edo period

Shōgun extends to the aftermath of the battle

A corrected edit could read

Shogun is set around 1600 when feudal Japan, ridden by domestic and European factions, was temporarily without a Shōgun. It is mostly centered on the months before the Battle of Sekigahara and ends in its immediate aftermath. Key actors and people from this period shaped the formation of the Edo period which began in 1603 with the Tokugawa shogunate and lasted for 265 years. 5ive9teen (talk) 06:54, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Use precise language. Set around 1600? 1599? 1590? "Ridden with factions"? No. "Ridden" is vague. Two, twenty, two hundred factions? "Temporarily without a shogun"? Was the shogun inconvenienced for a spell? "Actors and people"? Redundant. And this is fiction, the events in the book did not shape anything. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 09:47, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * OK

 * Japan was without a Shōgun for 30 years, and this defined this chaotic period. The whole book, before anything else, is about the Shogunate restoration. Why the Shogunate was temporarily dormant (an accurate description) is beyond the scope of the book, but, again it was and in no case should that be omitted. 5ive9teen (talk) 16:18, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Updated suggested edit
 * Shogun opens in a 1600 feudal Japan chaotically divided by domestic and European factions; being for almost three decades with no Shogunate. It centers on the months before the Battle of Sekigahara and ends in its immediate aftermath. The fictionalized actors and events are based on those that shaped the Edo period’s formation in 1603; inaugurating the Tokugawa shogunate rule of Japan for 265 years and the moving of Japan’s seat of government from Osaka to Tokyo. 5ive9teen (talk) 16:13, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I propose this be the Premise in its entirety. It sets the backdrop, says what is fictionalized, and what has consequential, lasting significance—prologue, story, epilogue—without devolving into a partial, brief plot summary.
 * To be forthright and clear as possible:, with no comments, though they are most welcome and solicited (some have proved truly helpful), I’ll presume this Premise is acquiesced to. If there is a revert or a material, undiscussed edit, I’ll then revert and request another article protection, and whether or not that is implemented, I’ll put the Premise to a mediating 3rd Wiki party as has been suggested.

 * 40 revisions on this talk page. 40. That is forty. And what do we get? This. I truly believe you lack WP:COMPETENCE,.

 * Why mention add "historic" to the premise? It is a historical novel. The correct word would be "historical", not "historic"
 * "Chaotically divided", so not neatly divided?
 * European forces? The plot mentions the Portuguese, which were not a "force"
 * Again, shogun is the person, shogunate the political office. The "central ruler" is not the political office, but the person.
 * Use straight apostrophes (I can't keep telling you this, or you just ignoring me?)
 * No reason to make links like Tokugawa shogunate’s, again with an incorrect apostrophe
 * Shōgun is historical fiction, no reason to mention the real world and historical Tokugawa shogunate at all in the premise!
 * No reason to use unnecessary bold for Sakoku
 * You haven't responded to any of my points before and I suggest you won't now. Maybe, and  chime in. I can't keep repeating myself again and again.  soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 20:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * And instead of replying... you are adding original research. You could argue that the events in a historical novel lead to a historical event? No. No. No. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 20:59, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You’re talking an edit comment, and have distorted it, oh well. Unsure what about the actual edit might be at issue 5ive9teen (talk) 00:16, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I have "distorted" it? I haven't edited the article. What are you talking about? And are you WP:REFUSINGTOGETIT? I have stated, point by point, the many issues I have with your edits. soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 16:29, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you for bringing your points to the talk page to seek consensus, albeit energetically. Prior to the lifting of the edit block, it would have been beneficial to discuss and consider these points. But we are where we are. I have no issue with simply "Premise." The chaotic division of Japan bears resemblance to the warring principalities of Renaissance Italy or of England before the Battle of Hastings. In stark contrast, the US, Western Europe (excluding the Basques), and India are neatly divided. Portugal and Holland exerted significant influence, with Portugal literally a miltary force by launching a covert invasion of Japan with 200 ronin and cannon. Clavell mentions this since it has great ramifications for the story. The Jesuits, as agents of Imperial Portugal, further interfered in Japan's internal affairs, a theme prominent in Shōgun. Holland, another soon to be imperial power, sought to replace Portugal and would likely acquire similar colonial aspirations, as they shortly did in India. A novels premise, especially for a historical novel, per general knowledge and literary conventions, refers to the historical context of a novel, crucial for understanding works like Shōgun. I intended to unbold "Saku" and will do so, thanks for the suggestion. The novel's title, Shōgun, signifies the absence—and eventual restoration—of which resulted in a chaotically divided Japan, and it is linked to one of Japan's most significant shogunate inaugurations. The historical background and consequences of the novel is likely unknown to casual readers but crucial for understanding Shōgun. The point is to be helpful towards readers. Please specify any points you consider to be original research; I am happy to address them. I’m sorry that my apostrophes are a bother, and would of course not object to your preferred form. Moving forward, lets preserve comity by minimizing past grievances and assuming good faith among editors. I look forward to continued dialogue with all editors. 5ive9teen (talk) 21:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * to repeat: Shōgun is historical fiction, no reason to mention the real world and historical Tokugawa shogunate at all in the premise. Cheers CapnZapp (talk) 12:44, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The premise is key since it explains the exact dynamics the novel has in play and does not deviate from. It would be a disservice to readers to not have its benefits which take nothing away from the novel 5ive9teen (talk) 15:53, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Rather than go back and forth on whether to have a promise or not, we could reach out to WP:3O for a disinterested take on the question. 5ive9teen (talk) 16:10, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No, that is no longer needed, since disagrees also. Your edits are not helping, yet you continue all the same. I am not convinced you understand what a premise is. A premise to a historical fiction novel does not include what happens in the real world and not what happens 265 years later. And why stop there? Why not mention the Meiji restoration? The Russo-Japanese war? Pearl Harbour? Nagasaki and Hiroshima? Nintendo? Pokémon? Please undo your reverts. I can't keep repeating myself.  soetermans . ↑↑↓↓←→←→ B A TALK 16:29, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Valid point about the mention of 265 years of rule. The Premise no long mentions it. However, the premise, in the broad terms it is presented is what happened in Japan, and Clavell held to it closely.  5ive9teen (talk) 17:15, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

Toranaga article?
Should Toranaga get a wikipedia article? John already has a wikipedia article so we should make one for toranaga too HiGuys69420 (talk) 19:07, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shōgun (novel)


text:
Carisbrook

Carisbrook (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Carisbrook Stadium) was a major sporting venue in Dunedin, New Zealand. The city's main domestic and international rugby union venue, it was also used for other sports such as cricket, football, rugby league and motocross. In 1922, Carisbrook hosted the first international football match between Australia and New Zealand. The hosts won 3-1.

Carisbrook also hosted a Joe Cocker concert and frequently hosted pre-game concerts before rugby matches in the 1990s. In 2011 Carisbrook was closed, and was replaced as a rugby ground by Forsyth Barr Stadium in North Dunedin, and as a cricket ground by University Oval in Logan Park.

History
Located at the foot of The Glen, a steep valley, the ground was flanked by the South Island Main Trunk Railway and the Hillside Railway Workshops, two miles southwest of Dunedin city centre in the suburb of Caversham. State Highway 1 also ran close to the northern perimeter of the ground.

Carisbrook was named after the estate of early colonial settler James Macandrew (itself named after Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight). Developed during the 1870s, it was first used for international cricket in 1883, when Otago hosted a team from Tasmania, and for Test cricket from 1955. It hosted rugby union internationals from 1908.

Floodlit since the 1990s, it could cater for both day and night fixtures. Known locally simply as "The Brook", it was branded with the name "The House of Pain", due to its reputation as a difficult venue for visiting rugby teams. The stadium was home to both the Highlanders in Super Rugby and Otago in the ITM Cup through each side's respective 2011 season. It also hosted 38 All Blacks test matches.

It is also the former home of Otago cricket, which moved to the University Oval at Logan Park in the north of the city after its redevelopment in the early 2000s. Between 1884 and 2008 Carisbrook hosted 252 first-class cricket matches, including, between 1955 and 1998, 10 Test cricket matches.

It was also the home ground of Otago United in the New Zealand Football Championship, which moved to the lower-capacity Sunnyvale Park for the 2008–09 season.

Stands
The ground's final regular capacity was around 30,000, but it hosted crowds as high as 42,000 with temporary seating. Until 1998 the sides of the Caversham bypass motorway allowed a free view of the ground and was known as the "Scotsman's Grandstand". Occasionally trains would slow to a crawl or stop on the track above the stadium, allowing passengers to watch. In 1998 a new stand and corporate boxes were built that blocked the view.

Partly due to Dunedin's relatively large number of tertiary students (20,000 of the city's 120,000 population), Carisbrook had a unique atmosphere. This was enhanced by the terraces, an uncovered concrete embankment at the eastern end of the ground.

Retirement and recycling
On 9 August 2006, a proposal was announced that would see Carisbrook retired and a 30,000 capacity covered stadium built in Dunedin North, close to other major sporting facilities such as Logan Park and the University Oval. Construction and ownership of the new $NZ 198 million stadium, officially named the Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza, would be overseen by the Carisbrook Stadium Trust. Until the new stadium was completed, all international and Super Rugby games were still held at Carisbrook.

The last international game was expected to be the All Blacks versus South Africa Tri Nations match on 12 July 2008. However, the All Blacks returned to Carisbrook to play France on 13 June 2009 and finally Wales on 19 June 2010. This game meant that the All Blacks had played every major test-playing nation at Carisbrook. A later test match, destined to be the last at the ground, was scheduled between New Zealand and Fiji as a fundraiser for the Christchurch earthquake appeal on 22 July 2011.

On 11 May 2011 the Dunedin City Council decided that Carisbrook would be sold after the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Demolition work was begun at the start of 2012, with the floodlight towers being dismantled and sent up to Christchurch for use by the new temporary Christchurch Rugby Stadium at Addington Showgrounds, to allow that city a first-class ground while AMI Stadium awaits rebuilding. Originally the floodlights were to be reused at the University Oval for day/night cricket matches. The corporate box stand, which was only 14 years old, was always designed to be dismantled for use elsewhere, and there are proposals to move parts of the structure to University Oval and some to Queenstown's Stadium. The turnstile building on Neville Street is a category I historic building and would be protected during any potential developments on the site.

Carisbrook was sold to the Dunedin City Council in 2009 for $7,000,000. It was sold on in 2013 for $4,700,000.

Historic events

 * 1884 2 February – First major cricket match at Carisbrook, Otago v Tasmania
 * 1886 22 November – First international cricket match at Carisbrook, Otago v Australia
 * 1908 30 May – First Otago Rugby defeat of international side, Anglo-Welsh
 * 1908 30 June – First Rugby Test at Carisbrook (NZ v Anglo-Welsh)
 * 1922 17 June – New Zealand's first full international football (soccer) match, a 3–1 win to New Zealand over Australia
 * 1924 9 August – First Rugby League Test at Carisbrook (NZ v England Lions)
 * 1930 21 June – First All Black defeat at Carisbrook (by Great Britain)
 * 1936 1 August – First Ranfurly Shield match at Carisbrook
 * 1955 11 March – First cricket Test at Carisbrook, New Zealand v England
 * 1987 May–June – Rugby World Cup games (Italy 18, Fiji 15; Ireland 46, Canada 19)
 * 1991 21 September – Otago wins NPC Final against Auckland
 * 1992 12 March – Cricket World Cup (New Zealand vs India)
 * 1992 27 September – First extra time in a rugby match in New Zealand (Otago 26, North Harbour 23)
 * 1993 July – Rugby, New Zealand v Australia, largest attendance at the ground, 42 000.
 * 1996 3 March – First Super 12 match at Carisbrook (Otago Highlanders 57, Queensland 17)
 * 1998 25 October – National Provincial Championship Division 1 Final (Otago vs Waikato)
 * 1998 18 December – Last cricket Test at Carisbrook, New Zealand v India
 * 1999 29 May – 1999 Super 12 Final (Highlanders vs Crusaders)
 * 1999 12–21 November – Group stage matches and one quarter-final of the FIFA Under-17 Soccer World Championship
 * 2001 11 August – First win by Australia over the All Blacks (23–15) at the venue
 * 2005 27 August – The last International Rugby match (All Blacks 31, South Africa 27) before the NZRFU deemed Carisbrook to no longer be a suitable venue for international rugby
 * 2008 12 July – After a 3-year absence of international rugby at Carisbrook a Tri Nations match between All Blacks and South Africa was played. It was South Africa's first win at Carisbrook, beating the All Blacks 30–28.
 * 2010 19 June – The last official rugby Test against a "Tier 1" nation was played at the ground (All Blacks vs Wales), with the All Blacks winning 42–9.
 * 2011 3 June – The final Highlanders match at Carisbrook saw the Western Force defeat the Highlanders 21–14.
 * 2011 22 July – The All Blacks defeated Fiji 60–14 in the final Test match, which served as a fundraiser for Christchurch earthquake relief.
 * 2012 January – Dismantlement begins with floodlight towers being sent to Christchurch.

title: Carisbrook


text:
Oodnadatta

Oodnadatta is a small, remote outback town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia, located 1043 km north-north-west of the state capital of Adelaide by road or 873 km direct, at an altitude of 112 m. The unsealed Oodnadatta Track, an outback road popular with tourists, runs through the town.

Town facilities include a hotel, caravan park, post office, general stores, police station, hospital, fuel and minor mechanical repairs. The old railway station now serves as a museum. From the 1880s to the 1930s, Oodnadatta was a base for camel drivers and their animals, which provided cartage when the railway was under construction and along outback tracks before roads were established.

After the railway line was lifted, Oodnadatta's role changed from that of a government service centre and supply depot for surrounding pastoral properties to a residential freehold town for Aboriginal families who, moving from cattle work, bought empty houses as their railway employee occupants left.

Origin of name
Two meanings of the name are recorded. One derives from the Aboriginal word utnadata, meaning "yellow blossom of the mulga". However, mulga trees do not grow anywhere near the town. The alternative meaning is coodnadatta or kudnadatta, meaning "dead man's poo": the first two syllables encompass "rotten" or "excreta" and the second two refer to "there".

History
For tens of thousands of years, Aboriginal tribes visited the place where Oodnadatta is located as a reliable source of water on their trade route; there was no settlement at Oodnadatta itself. John McDouall Stuart explored the region in 1859. His route was generally followed by the surveyors of the Overland Telegraph Line, completed in 1872. Alfred Giles referred to a place called the Yellow Waterhole, or Angle Pole, later known as Hookey's Waterhole and The Peake, near Oodnadatta. The course chosen for the Central Australian Railway likewise followed the route because a water supply was essential for steam locomotives. From 1891, Oodnadatta was an important station on the railway until the line closed in 1981, to be replaced in 2004 by the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor about 160 km to the west.

Telegraphs, camels and railways
Angle Pole (-27.50363°N, 135.41585°W) is the point near Oodnadatta where the direction of the telegraph line changed to a more northerly direction. It is near the Peake cattle station, also known as "The Peake", or Freeling Springs. The ruins of Peake telegraph station exist on the station today. Alfred Giles refers to his only meeting with the explorer Ernest Giles (no relation) at "the Peake" in the 1870s.

By the 1880s the telegraph route was being used by camel trains, many led by "Afghan" cameleers (actually from many different places in the Indian subcontinent), or'Ghans, as they became known, who were brought to Australia for the task of hauling goods into Central Australia for pioneer settlers. Many of the cameleers settled in Oodnadatta and Marree, some with families and some marrying, mainly Aboriginal women.

In the 1880s, Angle Pole was identified as the proposed terminus for the extension of the Great Northern Railway. When the railway was built, a town was established here, and in October 1890 was proclaimed a government township and renamed Oodnadatta.

In 1889, Angle Pole was also proposed as the south-eastern terminus of a land grant railway from Roebuck Bay in Western Australia. This railway was proposed by a London syndicate and would have been about 1000 miles (1600 km) long, with the wider gauge. However this was never built.

The town remained the terminus of the Great Northern Railway until the line was extended to Alice Springs in 1929 and the railway's name was changed to the Central Australia Railway. The railway was built with narrow gauge tracks, and train traffic was frequently disrupted by washouts and other damage to the trackbed, leading to a slow and unreliable service. The railway through Oodnadatta was closed and a new standard gauge line was built to the west, bypassing Oodnadatta, and opening in October 1980.

World War II
Oodnadatta's busiest era was World War II when the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force set up local facilities to service troop trains and aircraft en route to Darwin.

21st century
Tourist traffic along the Oodnadatta Track and the mining industry keep the village alive. The Aboriginal school is the biggest employer.

In 2018, the federal government announced a major upgrade to the Track, to better serve both the tourists and truck drivers on this major freight and cattle transport route.

In 2023, a reverse osmosis water desalination plant was installed in the town, giving it access to treated drinking tap water for the first time. The town's drinking water supply was previously untreated groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin, which the state government warned residents to avoid as early as the 1980s due to the risk of the rare life-threatening brain infection primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

Access, facilities, attractions

Oodnadatta can be reached by an unsealed road from Coober Pedy or via the unsealed Oodnadatta Track from Marree to Marla or from the north via Finke/Aputula, NT (on the "Old Ghan Heritage Trail").

The Pink Roadhouse (so-called because it is painted bright pink) provides petrol, a general store, meals, a variety of accommodation, and post office facilities. The Transcontinental Hotel, built in the 1890s, is on the same side of the road, as is the caravan park.

Oodnadatta is serviced twice weekly by the Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run. The OKA mail truck also carries some general freight and passengers.

The 1290 m air strip adjacent to the town, originally built during World War II, has a sealed surface.

Historic buildings
The historic Oodnadatta railway station, now a museum, is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

Oodnadatta Aboriginal School
The Oodnadatta Aboriginal School, located in Kutaya Terrace, is a school operated by the Government of South Australia offering education from Reception to Year 12. In 2018, the school had a total enrolment of 14 students, of whom 86% were indigenous, and a teaching staff of three.

Climate
Oodnadatta has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) and has also recorded the highest reliably measured maximum temperature in Australia: 50.7 °C (123.3 F) on 2 January 1960. This record stood unequalled until 13 January 2022, when a temperature of 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) was measured in Onslow, Western Australia, thus equalling Oodnadatta's record. This is also the highest temperature recorded in South Australia.

A higher temperature was recorded at Cloncurry in 1889; however, this has since been shown to have been recorded in a non-standard enclosure and likely to have been considerably cooler than first believed. There is a large sign in Oodnadatta claiming the town is "The driest town, the driest state of the driest Continent".

Governance
Oodnadatta is located within the federal Division of Grey, the state electoral district of Stuart, the Pastoral Unincorporated Area of South Australia and the state's Far North region. In the absence of a local government authority, the community in Oodnadatta receives municipal services from a state government agency, the Outback Communities Authority.

Oodnadatta on Mars
The name Oodnadatta has been used as a name for a crater on the planet Mars.

title: Oodnadatta


text:
William McCormack

William McCormack (27 April 1879 – 21 November 1947) was Premier of Queensland, Australia, from 1925 to 1929.

Early life
McCormack was born on 27 April 1879 in St Lawrence, Queensland. He was the fourth of six children born to Mary (née Brennan) and Patrick McCormack; his mother was born in Ireland. His father owned a small grazing property, having previously worked as a carrier.

McCormack was educated at a local state school and subsequently worked as a prospector in the area around Mount Morgan. He moved to North Queensland in 1904 and worked on the Stannary Hills Tramways. He developed a friendship with Ted Theodore who introduced him to the labour movement. In 1908, McCormack became the inaugural vice-president of the Amalgamated Workers' Association of North Queensland (AWA). He led successful industrial action on the Etheridge railway line and oversaw a rapid increase in membership.

In 1909, McCormack was elected as the full-time paid secretary of the AWA, having been blackballed by employers due to his union activities. He became "North Queensland's most influential industrial leader", working towards amalgamations of smaller unions in line with the One Big Union ideal. He led a successful strike of sugar workers in 1911, reaching a favourable settlement on wages and employment conditions. He initially lent support to the 1912 Brisbane general strike, but considered the pretext for the strike to be flimsy and soon withdrew, gaining a reputation for pragmatism. The AWA merged into the Australian Workers' Union (AWU) in 1913 with McCormack becoming a vice-president of the AWU.

Politics
McCormack entered politics as member for Cairns in the Queensland Legislative Assembly at the election of 1912, a seat he held until his retirement from politics in 1930.

After the 1915 state election, McCormack missed out upon a place in the ministry but was instead elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He held the position until 1919 and then was appointed home secretary in Ted Theodore's government. In 1923 he instead became secretary of public lands.

In February 1925, McCormack was defeated by William Gillies in the ballot to succeed Theodore as ALP leader and premier. However, Gillies lasted only eight months in the position and was succeeded by McCormack in October 1925. He led the ALP to victory at the 1926 state election.

Later life

McCormack died in Brisbane on 21 November 1947 and was buried at the Toowong Cemetery. His funeral cortege proceeded from his Annerley residence to the cemetery.

title: William McCormack


text:
Magic circle

A magic circle is a circle of space marked out by practitioners of some branches of ritual magic, which they generally believe will contain energy and form a sacred space, or will provide them a form of magical protection, or both. It may be marked physically, drawn in a material like salt, flour, or chalk, or merely visualised.

Techniques
Traditionally, circles are believed by ritual magicians to form a protective barrier between themselves and what they summon. One text known as the Heptameron says of the circle, 'But because the greatest power is attributed to the circles; (for they are certain fortresses to defend the operators safe from the evil spirits); in the first place we will treat concerning the composition of a circle.'

Moreover, as magician and historian Jake Stratton-Kent writes, 'In short a circle is not an obsolete symbol of a superstitious fear of spirits, but an intentionally created ritual space for various purposes. It is not always required for all kinds of ritual work, but neither is it of no value, quite the contrary. Making sacred space is among the most primal of rituals, such intentional actions are as worthy of the term psychoactive as any substance.'

Circles may or may not be physically marked out on the ground, and a variety of elaborate patterns for circle markings can be found in grimoires and magical manuals, often involving angelic and divine names. Such markings, or a simple unadorned circle, may be drawn in chalk or salt, or indicated by other means such as with a cord. Some traditions include tracing or circumambulation.

In Sumer
The Sumerians called the practice of using ritual circles zisurrû, meaning "magic circle drawn with flour", and inscribed ZÌ-SUR-RA -a. This was an ancient Mesopotamian method of delineating, purifying and protecting from evil by the enclosing of a ritual space in a circle of flour. It involved ritual drawings with a variety of powdered cereals to counter different threats and is accompanied by the gloss: SAG.BA SAG.BA, Akkadian: māmīt māmīt, the curse from a broken oath, in The Exorcists Manual, where it refers to a specific ritual on two tablets the first of which is extant.

In Judaism
Examples of Jewish customs showing the use of the magic circle can be found in the birth protection rituals of Alsace and the surrounding area. As early as 1560, a text by the rabbi Naphtali Hirsch ben Elieser Treves notes a custom in which a circle is drawn around the birthing woman to protect her from Lilith and demons. This was done using a Krasmesser (circle knife) which would be wielded by the midwife or the father of the child. Paul Christian Kirchner’s description of Jewish birthing customs from 1734 includes an illustration showing a knife or a sword near the bed, and likewise Johann Christian Georg Bodenschatz describes a sword placed near the pregnant woman in the eighteenth century, indicating the likelihood that this custom continued through the centuries. Oral accounts from 20th century Baden-Württemberg in a publication by the Jewish Museum of Switzerland also reference circling movements with a knife in order to protect a woman in childbirth.

In the Golden Dawn
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, which has had one of the largest influences on contemporary Western esotericism, introduced the practices of the Lesser Ritual of the Pentagram and the Opening by Watchtower. The Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram (LBRP) is typically used as a daily practice and is also performed before any magical working, while the Watchtower ritual is much more involved. Both rituals are now used by a wide array of practitioners, including ceremonial magicians, Hermetic Qabalists, Neopagans, and Thelemites.

In Wicca
In Wicca, as also in traditional European grimoires, a magic circle is typically nine feet in diameter, though the size can vary depending on the purpose of the circle, and the preference of the caster.

Some varieties of Wicca use the common ceremonial colour attributions for 'quarter candles': yellow for air in the east, red for fire in the south, blue for water in the west and green for earth in the north (though these attributions differ according to geographical location and individual philosophy).

The common technique for raising energy within the circle is by means of a cone of power.

The barrier is believed to be fragile, so that leaving or passing through the circle would weaken or dispel it. This is referred to as "breaking the circle". It is generally advised that practitioners do not leave the circle unless absolutely necessary.

In order to leave a circle and keep it intact, Wiccans believe a door must be cut in the energy of the circle, normally on the east side. Whatever was used to cast the circle is used to cut the doorway, such as a sword, staff or knife (athame), a doorway is cut in the circle, at which point anything may pass through without harming the circle. This opening must be closed afterwards by reconnecting the lines of the circle.

The circle is usually closed by the practitioner after they have finished by drawing in the energy with the athame or whatever was used to make the circle including their hand (usually in a widdershins: that is, counter-clockwise fashion). This is called 'closing the circle' or 'releasing the circle'.

title: Magic circle


text:
Talk:Étienne Laspeyres

Rinne
Does the quotation attributed to Rinne refer to German prof. Horst Rinne? Or to who? Where can I find a reference to this? jni 09:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Oops, yes. It refers to Horst Rinne, professor of business administrtion (em.) at Gießen.  I'll add two or three pieces about Laspeyres and reference the quote properly. Clossius 09:06, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Origin of name and pronounciation
Etienne Laspeyres is of French origin, more precisely Gascon origine (Southwestern France) and this explains his name from the occitan "Laspeiras" ("the stones"). His ancestors migrated in the last 17th century after the "Revocation de l'Edit de Nantes" and the following Hugueont's espace from France. Since Gascon and Portuguese share some similarities, there was a confusion. Please take car in the future and do not only translate directly other language's pages.

I have corrected the pronounciation based on Laspeyres-Paasche Index article, because lasˈpaːʃɛ would be "laspaasche", and the previous anonimous editor above my comment seems to verify my concept, but please confirm it! Drkazmer Just tell me... 14:48, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Étienne Laspeyres


text:
User:Talec

Hello. I'm not too great on profile things, so I'll give some simple stat stuff for now:

 * Age: 18
 * Gender: Female
 * Location: Damascus, Pennsylvania, USA
 * Primary Interests: Rockman/Megaman (all series, pretty much), MUSHes and RPing. Archiving information (hence why I'm here. D), reading about and designing fictional universes.
 * Secondary Interests: Fictional robot series, like Transformers and Zoids. Many anime series, including The Big O, Digimon, Rockman.EXE, YuYu_Hakusho, and the new anime versions of Cyborg 009 and Kikaider. And many others. Collectible card games. Assorted sci-fi series, like Babylon 5, Farscape, and Andromeda. Drawing and writing. Assorted games, like Jazz Jackrabbit, DOOM, Seiken Densetsu and quite a few others that I'm too sleepy to remember right now. Also, Asperger's, as I am that, and some uncommon belief systems/ways of living, like Otherkin and Soulbonding.

(Wikifying is fun! @_@)

title: User:Talec


text:
Salmond College

Salmond College is a residential college affiliated to the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. As an affiliated college, it is privately owned and is run independently from the university, being governed by The Council of Knox College and Salmond College, a body with links to the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand. The college was opened in 1971 as Salmond Hall, originally to accommodate women students, to parallel the male-only facility Knox College. It became a coeducational facility during the 1970s. The name was changed to Salmond College in 2006.

Salmond and Knox share different parts of the same 4.57 hectare landscaped site (11 acres), located on the north side of the Dunedin Botanic Gardens, close to the area known simply as The Gardens Corner at the foot of North East Valley, approximately 15 minutes walk north of the campus. The site was originally the location for stables for Ross and Glendining Limited, and was donated by the Ross family.

The college predominantly provides for first year students, with 40-50 returning for a second year.

The college was named after James Salmond, for many years a lecturer at Knox Theological Hall, and his sister Mary Salmond, Principal of the Presbyterian Church's Deaconess Training School in the 1950s.

The majority of students are housed in single rooms on one of the four levels in the main building. RLs, known at Salmond “Residential Leaders” are also students who live on site and mentor and support the first year residents. Both the Head and Deputy Head of College reside on the premises.

Facilities include a gym, computing facilities, tutorial rooms, a library, television/recreation areas, dining hall, chapel, car-parking, and secure cycle storage.

During the summer of 2014/2015 Salmond College was extensively refurbished, creating rooms for up to 261 residents. All bedrooms were double glazed with new carpet and joinery throughout the College. The College introduced a key card system.

President of Salmond College for 2021 is Harry Tran. Harry, who hails from Hastings in Hawke's Bay, returns in 2020 having completed First Year Health Science in 2020 at the University of Otago.

Salmond's motto which can be seen in the college crest is 'Gratia et Veritas', or 'Grace and Truth'. At the end of 2020 a whakatauākī was confirmed as a part of the mission statement for the college: Ko te toa i a tini, i a mano o te takata - It is the bravery of a multitude, of thousands of people. This Ngāi Tahu whakatauākī, attributed to Tū Whakauika & Te Oreorehua, refers to the strength of collectivity. As Salmond enters its 50th year in 2021, it reminds us of the power of a living community stretching back several generations, and fosters hope as we continue to grow a community with a shared identity.

Salmond College is the hall of legends and has produced very iconic friend groups. If you have gone there, you have witnessed greatness. Long live the Mond.

title: Salmond College


text: Category:McCulloch County, Texas

title: Category:McCulloch County, Texas


text:
Category:Araucariaceae

Genera and species in the conifer family Araucariaceae.

title: Category:Araucariaceae


text:
Dennis Jensen

Dennis Geoffrey Jensen (born 28 February 1962) is an Australian former politician. He was elected to the House of Representatives at the 2004 federal election, winning the Division of Tangney for the Liberal Party. Jensen lost Liberal preselection for the 2016 federal election, and subsequently resigned from the party to stand as an independent. In August 2017 he joined the fledgling Australian Conservatives party. Jensen has a PhD in materials science from Monash University, and before entering politics worked as a CSIRO researcher. He is known for questioning the anthropogenic causation of climate change.

Early life
Jensen was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He was educated at RMIT University, the University of Melbourne and Monash University, from where he has a PhD in materials science. He worked at the CSIRO as a research scientist and for the Department of Defence as a defence analyst before entering politics.

Politics
Jensen was the Liberal candidate for the Division of Corio, Victoria at the 1998 election.

In 2006, Jensen lost his preselection for Tangney for the 2007 federal election, but won it back with the support of the state executive and prime minister John Howard. He lost preselection again for the 2010 election, but once again the state executive intervened and restored him as Liberal candidate.

Jensen rejects the scientific consensus on human-induced global warming and, on behalf of the Lavoisier Group, organised the release of a book entitled Nine Facts About Climate Change by former mining CEO Ray Evans. In February 2007 during a Parliamentary sitting, Jensen quoted the then IPCC vice chairman Yuri Izrael, who had stated that "there is no proven link between human activity and global warming".

His reputation as a [climate sceptic] became national when he and four government colleagues disagreed with others of their party in a dissenting committee report regarding climate change.

Jensen boycotted Parliament on the day that the formal apology to the Stolen Generations was made by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. He further courted controversy by telling Australian Indigenous people claiming to be affected by European colonisation over 200 years ago to "get over it." He was one of six Liberal MPs (including fellow West Australian MPs Wilson Tuckey, Luke Simpkins and the late Don Randall as well as Peter Dutton, Sophie Mirabella and the late Alby Schultz) to leave the house (or boycott entirely) in protest to the apology to the Stolen Generations.

He is opposed to same-sex marriage in Australia.

Lost Liberal pre-selection
Jensen lost Liberal preselection in Tangney for the 2016 federal election. It was revealed he had written a technothriller, falsely portrayed as a work of erotic fiction, named "The Skywarriors" in which Indonesia invades Australia. Former party state director Ben Morton won preselection. Jensen sued the Australian newspaper and Andrew Burrell, the journalist, for defamation. He won the case, and was paid a total of $1.1 million, including costs.

In August 2017, Jensen sent an email to former Liberal colleagues, saying he had joined the Australian Conservatives party started by Cory Bernardi, and urging them to follow him.

title: Dennis Jensen


text: User talk:195.194.131.172

title: User talk:195.194.131.172


text:
Ross Vasta

Ross Xavier Vasta (born 8 October 1966) is an Australian politician who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2010, representing the Division of Bonner for the Liberal Party. He previously held the same seat from 2004 to 2007.

Early life
Vasta is the son of Angelo Vasta, a former judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland who was stood down after his friendship with the disgraced Queensland Police Commissioner Terence Lewis became known. His parents were both born in Innisfail, Queensland, while his grandparents were all born in Sicily. His mother registered him as an Italian citizen by descent when he was a child, but he renounced it prior to his first run for parliament in 2001. Vasta was educated at Villanova College in the Brisbane suburb of Coorparoo, and attended Griffith University, where he graduated with a commerce degree. He ran and operated three family-owned Italian cuisine restaurants named Elio's and worked as a company director before entering politics. He is the brother of Salvatore Vasta, a judge of the Federal Circuit Court.

Politics
At the 2001 federal election, Vasta was the Liberal Party candidate for the Division of Griffith. He was defeated by the sitting member, Kevin Rudd, who later became Prime Minister of Australia.

In the 2004 federal election, Vasta stood for the Liberals in the Division of Bonner, and defeated former Labor minister Con Sciacca. However, in the 2007 election he was defeated by Labor candidate Kerry Rea on a swing of 4.75 points, the lowest swing against a Liberal incumbent in Queensland. Following his election defeat, Vasta won Liberal Party preselection for the Brisbane City Council ward of Wynnum-Manly in Brisbane's east. He was defeated by the Labor incumbent, polling 36% of the primary vote.

Vasta decided to stand in Bonner once again at the 2010 federal election, and reclaimed his old seat by a 53% to 47% margin. He achieved a seven-point swing towards him, one of the highest of any Liberal candidate in Queensland.

Vasta was nominated to the speaker's panel in 2013 and has served as chair of the standing committees on privileges and parliamentary procedure. In 2015 he was a candidate to succeed Bronwyn Bishop as Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vasta is a member of the National Right faction of the Liberal Party, after previously being aligned with the centre-right faction during the Morrison government years.

title: Ross Vasta


text:
Talk:Desert locust

lead section
It might sound daft, but the lead section needs a defenition of what a locust is. any ideas? [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:14, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I inserted a link to the locusts page. That should be enough. Badbilltucker 15:20, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Desert shrimp
Here's an interesting article on the BBC website: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/africa_desert_shrimps/html/1.stm

It might be interesting to see how widespread this becomes; if desert locusts become a significant food source in the region, it certainly bears stronger mention. Aprogressivist 13:06, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Unsourced ?
Why is the page tagged unsourced ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.6.212.207 (talk) 11:29, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

New picture
Sorry but I prefer a picture taken in the desert locust's natural environment. Dogo (talk) 22:12, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Ecological control?
The new paragraph on ecological control is not based on fact as far as I know. If so, please provide citations. This text should be changed into a discussion of natural enemies and given a new section. Dogo (talk) 22:12, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Swarming and Forced March In Nymphs
Some research is indicating that nymphs march at least partly due to cannibalistic pressures. This would change our understanding of the stimulus that causes the swarming behavior "on the march" though I'm not sure it accounts for the metabolic changes. At the very least, it would discourage the use of "gregarious" as a term for the groups.

See: Bazazi et al., Collective Motion and Cannibalism in Locust Migratory Bands, Current Biology (2008), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.035 PDF. --Oakiebsc (talk) 12:31, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

Not enough information
But how big do they get? --72.197.35.238 (talk) 22:11, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Surely there must be a source that states the size of an adult desert locust. The photographs give no sense of scale. We are given the size of the egg sac. David Lawrence, Ph.D.; San Diego State University 00:10, 13 January 2020 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Davidl53 (talk • contribs)

Locust swarming
Why is information on the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)given here? This is a different species, therefore this may lead to confusion. I would like to see information on the swarming of Schistocerca gregaria on this page. 202.126.91.35 (talk) 14:49, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:55, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Desert locust. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150408034918/http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/showler.htm to http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/showler.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070106131148/http://www.ibimet.cnr.it/Case/sahel/infocus.php?page=mpp_main&cat=mpp to http://www.ibimet.cnr.it/Case/sahel/infocus.php?page=mpp_main&cat=mpp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:07, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Desert locust


text:
Turkish Delight (1973 film)

Turkish Delight (Turks fruit) is a 1973 Dutch erotic romantic drama film directed by Paul Verhoeven from a screenplay by Gerard Soeteman, based on the 1969 novel Turks Fruit by Jan Wolkers. It is a love story of an artist and a young woman, starring Rutger Hauer in his film debut and Monique van de Ven.

Turkish Delight is the most successful film in the history of Dutch cinema. The film was a massive success at the Dutch box office; according to Alle Record, 3,338,000 people saw the film, while the Netherlands Film Festival puts it at 3.5 million, corresponding to about 26% of the population of the Netherlands at the time. In 1973 it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and in 1999, it received a special Golden Calf Award for Best Dutch Film of the Century. It was entered into the Canon of Dutch Cinema in 2007. In 2005, it was adapted into a musical, starring Antonie Kamerling and Jelka van Houten.

Plot
Sculptor Eric Vonk wakes up recalling disturbing dreams where he murders characters still unknown to the audience. He eventually cleans up his dingy studio, but only to trawl the streets of Amsterdam in search of random women whom he takes back home for sex. This combination of violent fantasies, promiscuity and occasional misogyny is not intrinsic to him, but rather the outcome of a distressing memory: his failed relationship with Olga Stapels. The film then flashes back two years to the time they first met.

Olga picks up Eric when he is hitchhiking, and they immediately have sex in her car. This first tryst is followed by a traffic accident, and Eric is initially prevented from seeing Olga again by her middle-class mother, who strongly dislikes him and blames him for the crash. However, the two lovers reconnect and start a passionate affair which, while opposed by her mother, is seen sympathetically by her easy-going father. They eventually get married, and Olga's mother and closest circle of friends grudgingly accept Eric.

Sometime later, Eric lands a 5000-guilder commission to prepare a sculpture for the garden of the hospital where his friend Paul works. Olga models for the statue, which is unveiled by the Dutch queen. The unveiling ceremony is successful for the hospital, but the artist and model are prevented from attending on the front line by the queen's security detail because of Olga's revealing dress. Out of frustration, Eric and Olga throw the maquettes into the canals of Amsterdam.

Olga's father dies from illness shortly thereafter. Instead of taking care of the Stapels family business, Eric then takes Olga back to Amsterdam, where he continues his artistic career and she takes a job in a production line. This infuriates Olga's mother, who feels that a Bohemian sculptor earning little from occasional commissions is an unsuitable husband.

Eric and Olga's life together, while initially happy, is marred by bouts of strange behavior by Olga, including unexplainable reveries and rampant impulsivity. This tendency reaches a pitch of conflict at a family gathering in a Chinese restaurant. Eric finds himself insidiously baited into following Olga to the party, where he witnesses her flirting openly with a family friend, with the overt complicity of the rest of the diners. This prompts Eric to vomit over the attendants and slap Olga. She then leaves Eric, who proceeds to trash his studio, destroying anything that reminds him of her. This brings the movie to the point where it opened, ending the flashback.

Eric is still obsessed with Olga. Her family refuses to let him visit her until he says he has come to arrange a divorce. His short stay sours when Olga's mother walks in on them having rough sex, and he is banished from her life permanently. Olga later becomes engaged to a wealthy American and visits Eric to pick up the remainder of her things before leaving for the United States. Eric comes to terms with her departure, and his closure is symbolized by a minor subplot in which he rescues a wounded seagull and sets it free once its wing heals.

Sometime later, Eric walks into a commercial center and spots Olga, flamboyantly dressed and acting oddly. She reveals that her American experience was a disaster and that she is living with her mother again. She suddenly collapses and Eric takes her to Paul's hospital, where she is diagnosed as having a brain tumor. Surgical intervention to remove the tumor is not entirely successful, and her death becomes an inevitable matter of course. Eric brings her a wig and Turkish delight, which is the only thing she will eat, as she fears harder food will break a loose tooth. Soon after, she has a seizure and dies. Eric walks outside, past his sculpture of Olga, and solemnly dumps her wig in a trash disposal.

Cast

 * Monique van de Ven as Olga Stapels
 * Rutger Hauer as Eric Vonk
 * Tonny Huurdeman as Olga's Mother
 * Wim van den Brink as Olga's Father
 * Hans Boskamp as Shop Manager
 * Dolf de Vries as Paul
 * Manfred de Graaf as Henny
 * Dick Scheffer as Accountant
 * Marjol Flore as Tineke
 * Bert Dijkstra as Servant
 * David Rappaport as Dwarf

Production
Filming locations included Amsterdam, Alkmaar, Rotterdam and Zaandam in the Netherlands.

Reception
Turkish Delight has an approval rating of 86% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 7 reviews, and an average rating of 7.2/10.

title: Turkish Delight (1973 film)