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Dirección de Inteligencia

The Intelligence Directorate (Dirección de Inteligencia, DI), commonly known as G2 and, until 1989, named Dirección General de Inteligencia (DGI), is the main state intelligence agency of the government of Cuba. The DI was founded in late 1961 by Cuba's Ministry of the Interior shortly after the Cuban Revolution. The DI is responsible for all foreign intelligence collection and comprises six divisions divided into two categories, which are the Operational Divisions and the Support Divisions.

Manuel "Redbeard" Piñeiro was the first director of the DI in 1961, and his term lasted until 1964. Another top leader who directed the famous office, located on Linea and A, Vedado, was the now retired Div. General, Jesús Bermúdez Cutiño. He was transferred from being the chief of the Army Intelligence (DIM) to the Ministry of Interior after the corruption trials and executions of Arnaldo Ochoa and José Abrantes Fernández in 1989. The current head of the DI is Brig. Gen. Eduardo Delgado Rodríguez.

The total number of people working for the DI is about 15,000. Given Cuba's small size, the DI is considered to be an especially effective agency which "punches above its weight" in espionage operations, according to The Economist.

Recruiting techniques
New recruits do research within the ministry, mostly on counterintelligence fields (which has its own five-year career academy) and also, over regular college students, who are recruited around the second year on their programs. Those students mostly study languages, history, communications, and sociology. Once they get their diplomas, they undergo several months of official intelligence training, and a year or so after, they receive the rank of lieutenant.

KGB and StB relationship
The Soviet Union's KGB and the Cuban DI had a complex relationship, marked by times of extremely close cooperation and by periods of extreme competition. The Soviet Union saw the new revolutionary government in Cuba as an excellent proxy agent in areas of the world where Soviet involvement lacked popular local-level support. Nikolai Leonov, the KGB chief in Mexico City, one of the first Soviet officials to recognize Fidel Castro's potential as a revolutionary, urged the Soviet administration to strengthen ties with the new Cuban leader. Moscow saw Cuba as having far more appeal with new revolutionary movements, western intellectuals, and members of the New Left with Cuba's perceived David and Goliath struggle against U.S. imperialism.

However, in the early 1960s, Czechoslovak intelligence (StB) had more intensive contacts with emerging Cuban DI than KGB. Czechoslovaks provided Cubans with intelligence reports, spy equipment, and training. Manuel Piñeiro was in regular contact with the StB station chief in Cuba and appreciated the quality of Czechoslovak intelligence reports that were important for sustaining the Cuban revolution in its early years. Cubans wanted to rely on the StB in building DI and the Ministry of Interior. However the Soviets soon stopped such initiatives.

Czechoslovak intelligence cooperated with DI on top secret Operation Manuel which lasted from 1962 to 1969, moving 1179 Latin American revolutionaries via Prague back to Latin America. Czechoslovak intelligence helped DI to falsify the passports of Latin Americans who trained in Cuba to become guerrillas.

Shortly after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Moscow invited 1,500 DI agents, including Che Guevara, to the KGB's Moscow Center for intensive training in intelligence operations.

Dismayed by Cuban debâcles in Zaire (1977 and 1978) and in Bolivia (1966–67) as well as by a perceived growing independence from Moscow, the Soviets sought a more active role in shaping the DI. In 1970 a team of KGB advisers led by Gen. Viktor Semyonov was sent to the DI to purge it of officers and agents considered anti-Soviet by the KGB. Manuel Piñeiro, becoming increasingly upset at the co-option of the DI by the Soviets, was removed during the 1970 purge and replaced with the pro-Soviet José Méndez Cominches as head of the DI.

Semyonov also took this opportunity to oversee a rapid expansion of the DI's "western" operations. By 1971, 70 percent of the Cuban diplomats in London were actually DI agents and proved invaluable to Moscow after the British government's mass expulsion of Soviet intelligence officers.

In 1962 the Soviet Union opened its largest foreign SIGINT site in Lourdes, Cuba, approximately 25 km from Havana. The Intelligence Resource Program of the Federation of American Scientists stated in 2001 that the Lourdes facility was reported to cover a 28 square-mile (73 km2) area, with 1,000 to 1,500 Soviet and later solely Russian engineers, technicians, and military personnel working at the base. Those familiar with the Lourdes facility confirmed that the base has multiple groups of tracking dishes and its own satellite system, with some groups used to intercept telephone calls, faxes, and computer communications in general, and with other groups used to cover targeted telephones and devices. In 2001, the Russian President, Vladimir Putin, announced that the facility would be shut down.

The Soviets also collaborated with the DI to assist Central Intelligence Agency defector Philip Agee in the publication of the Covert Action Information Bulletin.

Operations abroad
Throughout its 40-year history the DI has been actively involved in aiding leftist movements, primarily in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East.

There have also been allegations that Cuban DI agents interrogated U.S. POWs held at the Cu Loc POW camp in North Vietnam.

Chile
Shortly after the election of Salvador Allende as president of Chile in November 1970, the DI worked extremely closely to strengthen Allende's increasingly precarious position. The Cuban DI station chief Luis Fernández Oña married Allende's daughter Beatriz, who later committed suicide in Cuba.

Grenada
Shortly after a popular bloodless coup in Grenada, led by Maurice Bishop, the Cuban DI sent advisers to the island nation to assist the new government. The DI was also instrumental in persuading the Soviet Union to aid Grenada, aid that Grenadian general Hudson Austin called essential to the success of the Caribbean anti-imperialist movement. The DI coordinated 780 Cuban engineers and intelligence operatives.

Nicaragua
Beginning in 1967 the DI had begun to establish ties with various Nicaraguan revolutionary organizations. The Soviets were upset at what they saw as Cuba upstaging the KGB in Nicaragua. By 1970 the DI had managed to train hundreds of Sandinista guerrilla leaders and had vast influence over the organization. In 1969 the DI had financed and organized an operation to free the jailed Sandinistan leader Carlos Fonseca from his prison in Costa Rica. Fonseca was captured shortly after the jail break, but after a plane carrying executives from the United Fruit Company was hijacked by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), he was freed and allowed to travel to Cuba.

DI chief Manuel Piñeiro commented that "of all the countries in Latin America, the most active work being carried out by us is in Nicaragua."

The DI, with Fidel Castro's personal blessing, also collaborated with the FSLN on the botched assassination attempt of Turner B. Shelton, the U.S. ambassador in Managua and a close friend to the Somoza family. The FSLN managed to secure several hostages, exchanging them for safe passage to Cuba and a $1 million ransom. After the successful ousting of Anastasio Somoza, DI involvement in the new Sandinista government expanded rapidly. An early indication of the central role that the DI would play in the Cuban–Nicaraguan relationship a meeting in Havana on 27 July 1979, at which diplomatic ties between the two countries were re-established after over 25 years. Julián López Díaz, a prominent DI agent, was named ambassador to Nicaragua.

Cuban military and DI advisers initially brought in during the Sandinistan insurgency, would swell to over 2,500 and operated at all levels of the new Nicaraguan government. Sandinista defector Álvaro Baldizón confirmed that Cuban influence in Nicaragua's Interior Ministry (MINT) was more extensive than was widely believed at the time, and Cuban "advice" and "observations" were treated as though they were orders.

Puerto Rico
The DI sought to aid the growing Puerto Rican separatist movement. Dr. Daniel James testified before a U.S. Senate subcommittee that the DGI, working through Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, organized and trained the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN) in 1974.

In October 1974, Ojeda was arrested and charged with terrorist acts against American hotels in Puerto Rico. Authorities found a substantial amount of Cuban government documents and secret codes in his possession. Shortly after his release on bail he disappeared but was credited with the 1979 unification of Puerto Rico's five principal terrorist groups into the Cuban-directed National Revolutionary Command (CRN). According to the former chief investigator of the U.S. Senate, Alfonso Tarabochia, the DGI began directing criminal activities in Puerto Rico and the eastern and midwestern United States as early as 1974. That June the secretary general of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, Juan Marí Bras, met in Havana with Fidel Castro to consolidate party solidarity.

Beginning in September 1974, the incidence of bombings by Puerto Rican extremists, particularly the FALN, escalated sharply. Targets included U.S. companies and public places. The FALN was responsible for a bombing that killed four and wounded dozens at the historic Fraunces Tavern in lower Manhattan on January 25, 1975. Later that year, Fidel Castro sponsored the First World Solidarity Conference for the Independence of Puerto Rico in Havana.

Ríos was killed by the FBI on Friday, September 23, 2005, in the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

Camp Matanzas
Camp Matanzas is a training facility operated by the DI and is located outside Havana since early 1962. It has hosted the likes of Carlos the Jackal.

title: Dirección de Inteligencia


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Snottite

Snottite, also snoticle, is a microbial mat of single-celled extremophilic bacteria which hang from the walls and ceilings of caves and are similar to small stalactites, but have the consistency of nasal mucus. In the Frasassi Caves in Italy, over 70% of cells in Snottite have been identified as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, with smaller populations including an archaeon in the uncultivated 'G-plasma' clade of Thermoplasmatales (>15%) and a bacterium in the Acidimicrobiaceae family (>5%).

The bacteria derive their energy from chemosynthesis of volcanic sulfur compounds including H2S and warm-water solution dripping down from above, producing sulfuric acid. Because of this, their waste products are highly acidic (approaching pH=0), with similar properties to battery acid. Researchers at the University of Texas have suggested that this sulfuric acid may be a more significant cause of cave formation than the usual explanation offered of the carbonic acid formed from carbon dioxide dissolved in water.

Snottites were brought to attention by researchers Diana Northup and Penny Boston studying them (and other organisms) in a toxic sulfur cave called Cueva de Villa Luz (Cave of the Lighted House), in Tabasco, Mexico. Snottites were first discovered in this cave by Jim Pisarowicz in 1986, who also coined the term.

The BBC series Wonders of the Solar System saw Professor Brian Cox examining snottites and positing that if there is life on Mars, it may be similarly primitive and hidden beneath the surface of the Red Planet.

Additional sources
Hose L. D., Pisarowicz J. A. (1999) "Cueva de Villa Luz, Tabasco, Mexico: reconnaissance study of an active sulfur spring cave and ecosystem". J Cave Karst Studies; 61:13–21

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Snottite


text:
Gracy Singh

Gracy Singh (born 20 July 1980 ) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi and Telugu films. She is best known for her role in the films Lagaan and Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Singh is also a trained Bharatnatyam and Odissi dancer.

Career
Born in Delhi, India, Singh began her career touring with the dance group "The Planets". Her first acting role was in the 1997 television soap, Amanat. In 1999 she was seen in Bengali Film Sundori Bou. She then went on to star opposite Aamir Khan in Ashutosh Gowariker's epic sports-drama Lagaan, where she played a village belle. She was nominated in this role for the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut, and won the Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female.

Post Lagaan, Singh appeared in a few successful films in Hindi and Telugu including Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. and Santosham. She has also starred in Punjabi films such as Lakh Pardesi Hoye and a Malayalam film Loudspeaker directed by Jayaraj.

In 2015, Singh returned to television, playing Goddess Santoshi in the series Santoshi Maa on &TV.

Awards

 * 2002: Won - IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female for Lagaan
 * 2002: Won - Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female for Lagaan
 * 2002: Won - Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut for Lagaan
 * 2002: Nominated - Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for Lagaan
 * 2002: Nominated - Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu for Santhosham
 * 2019: Won - Global Excellence Awards - Award for contribution to Indian cinema

title: Gracy Singh


text: User talk:203.134.176.153

title: User talk:203.134.176.153


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Alessandro Petacchi

Alessandro Petacchi (born 3 January 1974) is an Italian former professional road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 1996 and 2015. A specialist sprinter, Petacchi has won 48 grand tour stages with wins of the points jersey in the Giro d'Italia in 2004, the Vuelta a España in 2005 and the Tour de France in 2010. He also won the classics Milan – San Remo in 2005 and Paris–Tours in 2007. His career spanned over 18 years during which he earned 183 victories.

In 2007, Petacchi was banned from cycling and had his results achieved disqualified for doping. The court later said that he had not cheated on purpose but had not taken enough care when consuming his legal asthma drug. He announced his retirement as a lead sprinter on 23 April 2013, and terminated his contract at ,. He rejoined the professional peloton in August 2013, joining the squad as a lead-out man. In 2015, he joined the Southeast team, where he retired from cycling for good after that year's Giro d'Italia.

1996–1999: The early years
Born in La Spezia, Liguria, Petacchi turned professional in 1996 with. In the early years he won small races – most notably a stage in Tour de Langkawi in 1998 and the mountains classification in the same race the year after. Petacchi rode his first Grand Tour at the Vuelta a España in 1997, where his best finish was 6th on stage 2. He rode his first Giro in 1998, where he recorded his best finish with an impressive fourth on stage 3 and several other top 10 finishes during the race. He later retired from the race on stage 18.

2000–2002: Fassa Bortolo
In 2000, Petacchi signed for Fassa Bortolo. He got his breakthrough, when he won his first Grand Tour stage in Vuelta a España on stage 7 in a sprint where he beat Giovanni Lombardi in a bunch sprint. He was initially assigned as Fabio Baldato's lead-out man at that year's Vuelta. He won another stage later in stage 11. He ended the year with 9 victories.

2001 became a mediocre year for Petacchi in difference to 2000. He decided to go to the Tour for the first time in his career, where he recorded several top 10 finishes and fourth in the points classification.

Petacchi got a great start to his 2002 campaign, when he won a stage in Tour Méditerranéen and two stages in Paris–Nice, where he also wore the leader jersey for two days. He came very close on winning a stage several times during the Giro d'Italia, where he got two second places and one third place. On the last stage he lost to Mario Cipollini. He came to the Vuelta with ambitions to win some stages and the points classification, where he also won a stage, but ultimately became second in the points classification beaten by Erik Zabel. He ended the year by being a part of the winning Italian lead-out train for Cipollini in the Road World Championship in Zolder.

2003–2007: Domination in the sprints
Petacchi started the season strongly by winning Trofeo Luis Puig and a stage in both Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana and Paris–Nice. He continued his form going into the Giro. He won his first Giro stage on the first stage, beating the world champion Mario Cipollini in a head-to-head sprint. The stage win also gave Petacchi the maglia rosa. He wore the leader jersey in 5 days and was in all those days inside top 5 in every single stage and won two stages more in the process. He lost the jersey on the first mountain stage in stage 7. He later won three more stages in the race, bringing his Giro stage wins up to 6 stage wins, before leaving the race due to being outside the time limit on stage 18. He then rode Tour de France, where he won 4 stages – three stages in a row, before retiring on stage 7. He wore the green jersey, when he retired. After riding the Eneco Tour, he decided to ride the Vuelta. He won five stages and became the third rider ever, who have won a stage at each Grand Tour in a single year. He finished the season with 24 victories.

Petacchi started his 2004 season with three stage wins in Tirreno–Adriatico and a fourth-place finish in Milan–San Remo. Then he arrived to the Giro and won a record nine stages, the points classification and the Azzurri d'Italia classification. He attempted to recreate his 2003 season by participate in the Tour, however it became a disappointment and dropped out on stage 6 due to injuries. He bounced back in the Vuelta by winning four stages. Petacchi started his 2005 season early by winning GP Costa Degli Etruschi and several stages of Vuelta an Andalucia. He then won three stages of Tirreno–Adriatico and finished 2nd in the general classification. He continued his great form by winning Milano-San Remo. He had the better of a mass sprint, beating Danilo Hondo, Thor Hushovd, Stuart O'Grady and Óscar Freire. He later won four stages of the Giro and five stages and the points classification of the Vuelta.

In July 2005, Petacchi announced that, following the decision to disband, he would join for the 2006 season. In August, sprinter rival Erik Zabel also joined the team, which fused with to become.

His explosive speed won him stages in all three of the Grand Tours. He withdrew from the 2006 Giro d'Italia after crashing during the third stage. He had finished the stage with a broken kneecap. It was the first time that Petacchi did not win a stage in the Giro since 2002.

In 2007, he won five stages in the Giro d'Italia, bringing his tally of ProTour victories to 21 and making him the rider with most UCI ProTour victories. During that season, he registered a success of prestige in Paris–Tours. With support from his teammate Erik Zabel, Petacchi was the victor in the mass gallop, with Francesco Chicchi and Óscar Freire rounding up the podium.

Doping allegations
After he returned an "Adverse Analytical Finding" (AAF), a higher level than officially allowed of the asthma medication salbutamol, which Petacchi had clearance to use, he was placed on non-active status and missed the 2007 Tour de France. Petacchi was absolved when the Italian Cycling Federation ruled that overuse of Salbutamol was human error.

On 6 May 2008, the World Anti-Doping Agency won its challenge against the Italian national governing body at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Petacchi was banned from 1 November 2007 to 31 August 2008, and all competitive results obtained during the 2007 Giro d'Italia shall be disqualified with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes, including five Giro d'Italia stage wins. The court said Petacchi had not intended to cheat and that it was likely that he had inadvertently consumed too much medication, but he had not exercised "utmost caution." The case was considered controversial, as it kept Petacchi from starting the Tour de France as he had planned and for the court ruling that he should be suspended despite acknowledging that he had not cheated. Petacchi maintained that he had done no wrong.

As a result of this, on 16 May 2008, Petacchi was fired by. After his suspension he joined.

LPR Brakes and beyond
After winning a few minor races in 2008, Petacchi started 2009 strongly by winning the Scheldeprijs Vlaanderen semi-classic race. He was selected to ride the Giro d'Italia and won the second and third stages, wearing the pink jersey on stage 3 and the cyclamen jersey on stages 2 through 5. Petacchi signed with for the 2010 season. Petacchi won that year the first and fourth stages of the Tour de France – his first stage wins in the race since 2003. Before going on to complete the grand slam as he won the green sprinters jersey to complete the feat at all the grand tours. In so doing he was the 1st person to complete the feat since 1999 and the first Italian to win the points classification in the Tour de France since 1968.

He announced his retirement after the 2013 Paris–Roubaix, citing a lack of motivation to continue as a lead sprinter. However he subsequently expressed a desire to take up an offer from the Omega Pharma–Quick-Step team to ride as a lead-out man for Mark Cavendish, which he said was made to him days after his retirement. The contract offer was blocked by the UCI as it forbids riders from transferring from one team to another mid-season. In July 2013 Patrick Lefevere announced that Petacchi would be joining Omega Pharma–Quick-Step from the start of August on a 14-month contract. On 12 April 2014 he got his first victory for his new team at Grand Prix Pino Cerami and also his first victory since 2012. In January 2015 it emerged that Petacchi would ride for in 2015. However, after racing in that year's Giro at the age of 41 and being forced to withdraw from the race one day before its conclusion due to a virus, Petacchi announced his second retirement from the sport in June 2015.

Second doping suspension
On 14 May 2019, Petacchi was named by the French newspaper Le Monde as an alleged client of doctor Mark Schmidt, who administered illegal blood transfusion for the purpose of performance enhancement to athletes in what has become known as Operation Aderlass. Petacchi denied the accusations, but was nevertheless provisionally suspended by the UCI. He subsequently stepped down from his role as commentator for Italian state television RAI. On 24 August 2019, the UCI gave Petacchi a two-year ban from competition for his involvement with Schmidt.

Major results

 * 1995
 * 1st Gran Premio Comune di Cerreto Guidi

 * 1997
 * 8th Coppa Bernocchi

 * 1998
 * 1st Stage 6 Tour de Langkawi

 * 1999
 * 4th Overall Tour of Sweden
 * 7th Overall Tour de Langkawi
 * 1st Jersey polkadot.svg Mountains classification
 * 7th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano

 * 2000
 * 1st Jersey blue.svg Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 1st Stages 1 & 2
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stages 8 & 12
 * Tour de Luxembourg
 * 1st Stages 3 & 5
 * Route du Sud
 * 1st Stages 1a & 2
 * 1st Stage 3a Regio-Tour
 * 10th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
 * 10th Paris–Tours

 * 2001
 * Settimana Lombarda
 * 1st Stages 2 & 5
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour de Pologne
 * 1st Stage 4 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 1st Stage 4a Euskal Bizikleta
 * 7th Paris–Tours
 * 8th Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli

 * 2002
 * 1st Stage 12 Vuelta a España
 * Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 1st Stages 1b, 2 & 3
 * Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
 * 1st Stages 1, 2 & 3
 * Paris–Nice
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 1 & 5
 * Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 5
 * 1st Stage 3 Regio-Tour
 * 1st Stage 3 Ronde van Nederland
 * 5th Rund um den Henninger Turm

 * 2003
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Stages 1, 3, 5 & 6
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Stages 1, 5, 6, 13, 16 & 17
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stages 3, 5, 12, 14 & 21
 * Vuelta a Aragón
 * 1st Stages 2, 4 & 5
 * Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Stages 1 & 2
 * 1st Stage 1 Paris–Nice
 * 1st Stage 5 Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
 * 1st Trofeo Luis Puig
 * 1st Dwars door Gendringen
 * 2nd Paris–Tours

 * 2004
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Jersey violet.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16 & 21
 * 1st Azzurri d'Italia classification
 * 1st Most combative rider classification
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stages 2, 4, 7 & 13
 * Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stages 1, 2 & 7
 * Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 1st Stages 1 & 2
 * Vuelta a Aragón
 * 1st Stages 2 & 5
 * 1st Stage 3 Ronde van Nederland
 * 2nd Millemetri del Corso di Mestre
 * 4th Milan–San Remo

 * 2005
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Stages 10, 13, 16 & 21
 * 1st Azzurri d'Italia classification
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Jersey blue-fish.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 3, 4, 8, 12 & 21
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
 * 1st Jersey orange.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 1, 2 & 5
 * Tour de Romandie
 * 1st Stages 1 & 2
 * Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 1st Stages 4 & 5
 * Vuelta a Aragón
 * 1st Stages 1 & 3
 * 1st Milan–San Remo
 * 1st GP Costa Degli Etruschi
 * 1st Trofeo Luis Puig
 * 2nd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stages 1, 6 & 7
 * 3rd Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 3rd Coppa Bernocchi

 * 2006
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Niedersachsen-Rundfahrt
 * 1st Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
 * Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Jersey red.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 6 & 7
 * Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 1st Stages 3 & 4
 * Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
 * 1st Stages 2 & 3
 * 1st GP Costa Degli Etruschi
 * 1st Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 2nd Milan–San Remo
 * 3rd Gent–Wevelgem

 * 2007
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Jersey violet.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 3, 7, 11, 18 & 21
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stages 11 & 12
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Volta ao Algarve
 * 1st Stages 3, 4 & 5
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Niedersachsen-Rundfahrt
 * 1st Stages 1, 2 & 4
 * 1st Paris–Tours
 * 1st GP Costa Degli Etruschi
 * 1st Stage 2 Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
 * 1st Stage 1 Regio-Tour
 * 3rd Rund um Köln
 * 6th Memorial Cimurri
 * 8th Milan–San Remo

 * 2008
 * Tour of Britain
 * 1st Stages 1, 6 & 8
 * 1st Memorial Viviana Manservisi
 * 1st Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli

 * 2009
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Stages 2 & 3
 * Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
 * 1st Stages 1 (TTT), 2 & 4
 * 1st Scheldeprijs
 * 1st Giro di Toscana
 * 1st Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
 * 1st Stage 2 Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stage 5 Giro di Sardegna
 * 2nd Overall Delta Tour Zeeland
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 4th Giro del Friuli
 * 5th Milan–San Remo

 * 2010
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 1 & 4
 * 1st Stage 7 Vuelta a España
 * 1st Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour de Suisse
 * 1st Stage 3 Giro di Sardegna
 * 3rd Milan–San Remo
 * 10th Overall Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
 * 1st Stages 2 & 4

 * 2011
 * 1st Stage 2 Giro d'Italia
 * Tour of Turkey
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 1st Stage 2 Volta a Catalunya

 * 2012
 * Bayern Rundfahrt
 * 1st Jersey blue.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 1, 3 & 5

 * 2013
 * 4th Trofeo Palma de Mallorca
 * 7th Trofeo Campos–Santanyí–Ses Salines

 * 2014
 * 1st Grand Prix Pino Cerami
 * 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 4th Scheldeprijs

title: Alessandro Petacchi


text:
User talk:Billfred

Welcome
Hmm, seems you've been here under the radar for a while. But, there is no escape from the Welcoming Committee!

--Slowking Man 06:48, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

WUSC
Billfred, I catched your WUSC article on Special:Newpages and spotted a couple of quirks that I set out to fix. However, by the time I reached the Save button I'd ended up having changed more than I initially intended to. (Weird how that always tends to happen.)

I commited the changes with a slightly uneasy feeling, because your original article was so well-written. Anyway, I just wanted to say that you write really well, and don't hesitate to revert any of my edits. Cheers! :-) — Daniel Brockman 11:22, Jan 5, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Billfred


text:
Category:Skyscrapers in Hong Kong

Skyscrapers in Hong Kong, China. <!-- THE FOLLOWING CONTENT SHOULD BE MOVED TO, AND REORGANISED, list of buildings and structures in Hong Kong

Millennium City 1 is a building in Hong Kong. It stands at 138 metres with 38 floors and was built in 1998.

Hillsborough Court 1-2 are buildings in Hong Kong. It stands at 137.0 metres with 41 floors each. Both were built in 1994. Wanchai Tower is a government building in Hong Kong. Standing at 137.0 m with 32 floors and was built in 1985. Dah Chong Hong Commercial Building is a tower in Hong Kong. At 137.0 metres with 31 floors, it was built in 1999.

Chater House is an office in Hong Kong. At 137.0 m with 30 floors, it was built in 2002.

The Main Block of Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong stands at 137.0 m with 27 floors. It was built in 1991.

Hang Seng Bank Building is a commercial building in Hong Kong. Standing at 137.0 m with 27 floors, it was built in 1991.

-->
 * Metro City 2 136.6 m  44  built  2000
 * Sky Horizon   46  built  2002
 * Castello Towers 1 - 8 136.0 m  41  built  1999
 * Ivy On Belcher's 136.0 m  38  built  2004
 * Palatial Crest   39  built  2000
 * The Mayfair 135.0 m  37  built  1998
 * Clifford Centre 135.0 m  36  built
 * Top Glory Tower 135.0 m  35  built
 * Times Tower 135.0 m  32  built
 * Man Yee Building 135.0 m  31  built  1999
 * 9 Connaught Road West 135.0 m  31  built
 * The Pinnacle   40  built  2002
 * Cityplaza Two 134.0 m  34  built  2002
 * Aitken Vanson Centre 134.0 m  32  built  1999
 * 88 Hing Fat Street 133.2 m  37  built  2000
 * Regence Royale 133.0 m  39  built  2000
 * Sun's 133.0 m  30  built  1996
 * Grand Hyatt Hong Kong 132.0 m  46  built  1989
 * Guangdong Finance Building 131.4 m  31  built  1999
 * Hung Hom Peninsula 131.0 m  40  built  2002
 * Tsuen Wan Government Offices 131.0 m  27  built
 * Island Harbourview Olympian Ce... 131.0 m  27  built  2000    (2)
 * Lee Theatre Plaza 131.0 m  22  built  1994
 * The Orchards   44  built  2004
 * Lido Garden   39  built  1989
 * Park Towers 2 129.0 m  40  built  1989
 * Chelsea Heights 129.0 m  39  built  2000
 * Horizon Place   38  built  2002
 * Ngar Tsui House   37  built  1990
 * Bik Tsui House   37  built  1990
 * Gateway Tower 2 129.0 m  36  built  1994
 * Gateway Tower 1 129.0 m  36  built  1994
 * Metro Park Hotel 129.0 m  34  built  2000
 * Causeway Centre 128.0 m  43  built  1979
 * Yuen Fu House & Hang Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Yan Fu House & Wing Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Wai Fu House & Nang Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Siu Fu House & Yat Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Nga Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Long Fu House 128.0 m  41  built
 * Kam Yin House 128.0 m  41  built  2000
 * Kam Wei House 128.0 m  41  built  2000
 * Kam Tin House 128.0 m  41  built  2000

title: Category:Skyscrapers in Hong Kong


text:
Talk:Aereon

Untitled
Can't keep the joke straight?: here's a different version, cast as an "obituary" Wetman 06:50, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I would just like to point out that the company's website states that they were ``Founded September 4, 1959", however, the article here says that it was founded in 1967... Zcrayfish 08:37, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Aereonlogo.jpg
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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:59, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Aereon


text:
Philippe Alliot

Philippe René Gabriel Alliot (born 27 July 1954) is a French former racing driver who participated in Formula One from to  and from  to. He raced for RAM, Ligier, Larrousse and McLaren.

Early career
Prior to his career in Formula One he competed during 1976 and 1977 in Formule Renault, and won the championship in 1978, in the BP Racing team. With said team he also won the French Formula Renault championship and went on to French Formula Three. He finished third in his first race and moved to the European Formula 3 Championship in 1980. By 1983 he moved to Formula Two but hit the headlines that year when he finished third in the Le Mans 24 Hours with Michael and Mario Andretti in a Kremer Porsche.

Formula One
In 1984 Alliot joined the Skoal Bandit RAM F1 team, but did not enjoy much in the way of success. After Jacques Laffite was injured at the 1986 British Grand Prix, Alliot took his place at Ligier, where he showed an improvement. He moved to Larrousse for 1987, but returned to Ligier in 1990, gaining a reputation for accidents. He has the record of most race starts without any lead lap finish.

Sportscars
Alliot left F1 for sports car racing in the early 1990s and enjoyed considerable success with the Peugeot team, run by Jean Todt. This included third-place finishes at the 1992 and 1993 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Return to Formula One
Alliot made another attempt at F1 with Larrousse in 1993, achieving the best finish of his F1 career, fifth, at the San Marino Grand Prix. The following year, he undertook a testing role with McLaren due to the Peugeot connection factor. This role led to a race at the 1994 Hungarian Grand Prix for the team as a replacement for Mika Häkkinen, while he was suspended. Qualifying 14th, he retired from the race itself. Alliot then replaced Olivier Beretta at Larrousse for the following race, the Belgian Grand Prix. Starting from 19th on the grid, he retired with engine failure and this proved to be his last race in F1. Alliot left Formula One as the driver with the most race starts who had never achieved at least one of a podium finish, a pole position, or a fastest lap.

Later life
After announcing his retirement from Formula One in 1995, he decided to try a career in politics, also did some TV commentary and competed in ice racing and the Paris–Dakar Rally, but ended running his own GT racing team.

Career summary
† As Alliot was a guest driver, he was ineligible for championship points.

Complete European Formula Three results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete French Supertouring Championship results
(key)

title: Philippe Alliot


text:
Snotties

Snotties may refer to:
 * Snottites: a colony of single-celled organisms resembling soft stalactites, found in caves
 * A Royal Navy slang term for Midshipmen
 * Snotties (TV series), a 2006 New Zealand reality television program
 * Cyanea barkeri jellyfish

title: Snotties


text:
Talk:Ikaruga

Graphics
"The game also departs from other scrolling shooters in that most of its graphics are not bitmaps but full three-dimensional landscapes - this might be a contributing factor to the fact that there is no Playstation 2 version of Ikaruga, the rumour being that it wasn't possible to match the performance of the Dreamcast version (the Gamecube version has only recently been released)."

I'm a bit skeptical about that- the game originally appeared on Naomi 2 hardware IIRC, which is a substantial step above the Dreamcast itself and the GC, yet PS2 ports from the hardware have been achieved in the past (VF4); both released Ikaruga ports show slowdown anyway. Sockatume 06:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Naomi 1, actually, but a valid point. Einhander, for PSX, was completely 3D, so that alone is not a criteria. I'll play around with it. --Golbez 14:48, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Nicely done Sockatume 15:48, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I would also like to add that the Gamecube version slows down less than either the DC or the Arcade version. This has an effect on gameplay, especially when it comes to bullet-eating Tageri in hard mode. --65.34.235.174 02:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * However the GC ver has some audio timings off, especially for that first great music cue... Really doesn't compare to the arcade ver, even with a GC arcade stick (and nearly unplayable on a GC pad)

Trivia
It seems that Greng's Site is down. Anywhere else where someone can pull of the same information regarding the bird name references and Bhuddist allusions made in the game? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 161.38.223.219 (talk) 20:02, 7 February 2007 (UTC).

compare with Project X?
Quote from the article: It is sometimes compared to Team17's Project-X for the Amiga. How is this game similar to Project X? Other than the fact that both games are in the shooter genre I don't see similarities? Ikaruga introduced many new mechanics while Project X uses a lot of Gradius game mechanics. Project X was hard mainly because in some spots the game was unfair (slightly fixed in a rerelease), Ikaruga on the other hand is hard but beatable because it is based on memorising patterns and puzzle solving. I see no reason to why Project X is relevant. Felsir 13:07, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

www.ikaruga.tv
This is not the official website of the video game ikaruga. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.8.89.251 (talk • contribs)
 * I have no way of knowing what the official website for it is, and I didn't add this one in, but go ahead and change if you know the official website, and remove the existing one if you don't.--Clyde Miller 22:33, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
 * In treasure's web site. I found a section for the arcade and Dreamcast version of ikaruga. http://www.treasure-inc.co.jp/products/lp/ikaruga/ikaruga.html (Japanese) 199.8.89.251 19:10, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

18mb?
Anyone got a source for the 18 MB deal?

Manic vs. Methodical
This articla states that the game is a manic shooter while it clearly isn't. It focuses more on methodical movements (chains) than fast hand eye coordination that are usually seen in manic shooters. See this contradicting article for further arguments. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.182.209.185 (talk) 23:16, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ikaruga


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Custodial Rape NS

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete as a recreated page. See also Votes for deletion/Custodial Rape (non-sexual). Andrewa 08:47, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Custodial Rape NS
Another version of Custodial Rape (non-sexual), listed immediately above. JamesMLane 07:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. That makes three copies at least of this currently cluttering the database and VfD. We may need to create a speedy category for this, or should we simply make the others redirects? Or can we just speedy the duplicates now? I'm tempted... MWOT and all that... Andrewa 10:02, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It appears to me that a user is trying to use Wikipedia to advocate their POV. I note from their discussion page that they've now been asked not to do it again, so hopefully this is the end of it. Average Earthman 12:07, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete for reason I gave above in Custodial Rape (non-sexual), add to that the egregiousness of multiple redundancies. Fire Star 12:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, POV.   — Gwalla | Talk 18:52, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, for same reasons as before. -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as spam, surely - David Gerard 11:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, recreated. Susvolans 15:57, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If is was already deleted, we can speedy. Once we delete it, we can speedy-delete any efforts to revive it. -- Jmabel 01:18, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's back (and, speaking as a friend of someone who was a victim of sexual custodial rape, I find this neologism just a bit offensive). DS 20:49, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
F. B. Rogers Silver Co.

F. B. Rogers Silver Co. was a silversmithing company founded in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts in 1883. It was acquired by Edmund W. Porter and L.B. West, who incorporated the company and moved manufacturing operations to Taunton, Massachusetts in 1886. For several years, the company was known as West Silver Company, and produced silver products for the William Rogers Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut.

About 1904, West and Porter retired and sold the company to William Davison, Carleton A. Woodward and H.E. Nearing, who changed the company's name back to F.B. Rogers.

In 1925 the company moved from 31 Winthrop Street to 59 Wales Street. In 1943 it moved to West Water Street, to a site formerly occupied by the Weir Stove Company, who produced Glenwood Ranges.

In 1955, it became a division of the National Silver Company.

The company used many different marks over the years. One of them is a crown with the number 18 at the left and 83 at the right (for 1883).

In 2009 the 414 West Water Street property was demolished.

title: F. B. Rogers Silver Co.


text:
User:Vistronic

I object to this part. It is not a neutral view. I propose the following modification. This debate is highly controversial as demonstrated by the famous scopes trial for inclusion of creationism in to public schools, a majority of scientists do not consider the debate a scientific proposal but a religious doctrine therefore outside the scientific Method.

title: User:Vistronic


text: Category:Politics of Hong Kong

title: Category:Politics of Hong Kong


text:
Tension-leg platform

A tension-leg platform (TLP) or extended tension leg platform (ETLP) is a vertically moored floating structure normally used for the offshore production of oil or gas, and is particularly suited for water depths greater than 300 metres (about 1000 ft) and less than 1500 metres (about 4900 ft). Use of tension-leg platforms has also been proposed for offshore wind turbines.

The platform is permanently moored by means of tethers or tendons grouped at each of the structure's corners. A group of tethers is called a tension leg. A feature of the design of the tethers is that they have relatively high axial stiffness (low elasticity), such that virtually all vertical motion of the platform is eliminated. This allows the platform to have the production wellheads on deck (connected directly to the subsea wells by rigid risers), instead of on the seafloor. This allows a simpler well completion and gives better control over the production from the oil or gas reservoir, and easier access for downhole intervention operations.

TLPs have been in use since the early 1980s. The first tension leg platform was built for Conoco's Hutton field in the North Sea in the early 1980s. The hull was built in the dry-dock at Highland Fabricator's Nigg yard in the north of Scotland, with the deck section built nearby at McDermott's yard at Ardersier. The two parts were mated in the Moray Firth in 1984.

The Hutton TLP was originally designed for a service life of 25 years in North Sea depth of 100 to 1000 metres. It had 16 tension legs. Its weight varied between 46,500 and 55,000 tons when moored to the seabed, but up to 61,580 tons when floating freely. The total area of its living quarters was about 3,500 square metres and accommodated over a 100 cabins though only 40 people were necessary to maintain the structure in place.

The hull of the Hutton TLP has been separated from the topsides. Topsides have been redeployed to the Prirazlomnoye field in the Barents Sea, while the hull was reportedly sold to a project in the Gulf of Mexico (although the hull has been moored in Cromarty Firth since 2009).

Larger TLPs will normally have a full drilling rig on the platform with which to drill and intervene on the wells. The smaller TLPs may have a workover rig, or with most recent TLPs, production wellheads located at remote drillcentres subsea.

The deepest (E)TLPs measured from the sea floor to the surface are:
 * 5185 ft Big Foot ETLP
 * 4674 ft Magnolia ETLP. Its total height is some 5000 ft.
 * 4300 ft Marco Polo TLP
 * 4250 ft Neptune TLP
 * 3863 ft Kizomba A TLP
 * 3800 ft Ursa TLP. Its height above surface is 485 ft making a total height of 4285 ft.
 * 3350 ft Allegheny TLP
 * 3300 ft W. Seno A TLP

Use for wind turbines
Although the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory explored the concept of TLPs for offshore wind turbines in September 2006, architects had studied the idea as early as 2003. Earlier offshore wind turbines cost more to produce, stood on towers dug deep into the ocean floor, were only possible in depths of at most 50 ft, and generated 1.5 megawatts for onshore units and 3.5 megawatts for conventional offshore setups. In contrast, TLP installation was calculated to cost a third as much. TLPs float, and researchers estimate they can operate in depths between 100 and 650 ft and farther away from land, and they can generate 5.0 megawatts.

MIT and NREL researchers planned a half-scale prototype south of Cape Cod to prove the concept. Computer simulations project that in a hurricane TLPs would shift 0.9 m to 1.8 m and the turbine blades would cycle above wave peaks. Dampers could be used to reduce motion in the event of a natural disaster.

Blue H Technologies of the Netherlands deployed the world's first floating wind turbine on a tension-leg platform, 21.3 km off the coast of Apulia, Italy in December 2007. The prototype was installed in waters 113 m deep in order to gather test data on wind and sea conditions, and was decommissioned at the end of 2008. The turbine utilized a tension-leg platform design and a two-bladed turbine. Seawind Ocean Technology B.V., which was established by Martin Jakubowski and Silvestro Caruso (the founders of Blue H Technologies), acquired the proprietary rights to the two-bladed floating turbine technology developed by Blue H Technologies.

In literature
A fictitious tension-leg platform anchored in the Gulf of Mexico is at the centre of the plot of the novel Seawitch (1977) by Alistair MacLean. At the time of publication there were no commercially active TLPs, and the plot involves a conspiracy to destroy Seawitch by competing oil companies. The prologue to the novel explains the principles of operation.

title: Tension-leg platform


text:
Oslo Pretenders

Oslo Pretenders Sportsklubb (Oslo Pretenders) has been the leading baseball team in Norway since 1991, winning 21 National Championships (NM) and 18 League Titles (NBL). The team has also participated in the European Cup every year between 2001-2010.

The club has in recent years expanded with a basketball team and a disc golf team.

title: Oslo Pretenders


text:
User:Bluefoxicy/Psychic Experiments

I have been doing psychic experiments. Here are my tallies.

Two Card
In the original experiment, I draw a given number of sets of three cards from a deck, and see if I can predict the cards. In this experiment, I use usually two types of cards. Cards are arranged so that they all have the same orientation from the back, thus cannot be guessed; cards are reshuffled after every draw to avoid card counting. Three cards are chosen in each draw, thus each individual selection has a 50% chance of being correct; however, a whole set may not be perfectly mixed.

I am using Pokemon energy cards. The deck consists of 10 fire and 10 leaf energy cards. My initial drawings are done in sets of 20. The tables show my selection and the actual card chosen, as well as a constant graph of my accuracy.

1    2     3     A     T     % 1    F/F   G/G   F/G   2     2     67 2    F/F   F/G   F/F   2     4     67 3    G/G   F/G   F/F   2     6     67 4    G/G   G/G   F/G   2     8     67 5    G/F   G/G   G/G   2     10    67 6    F/F   G/G   F/G   2     12    67 7    G/F   G/G   F/G   1     13    62 8    F/F   G/G   G/F   2     15    63 9    F/G   F/F   F/G   1     16    59 10   G/F   G/F   G/G   1     17    56 11   F/F   G/G   G/F   2     19    58 12   G/G   F/F   G/F   2     21    58 13   F/G   G/F   F/G   0     21    54 14   G/G   G/F   F/F   2     23    57 15   F/G   G/F   F/F   1     24    53 16   F/F   G/G   G/F   2     26    54 17   G/F   G/G   F/G   1     27    53 18   G/F   G/G   G/G   2     29    54 19   G/G   G/F   G/G   2     31    54 20   G/G   F/F   G/G   3     34    57 John Moser 07:25, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

1    2     3     A     T     % 1    G/G   F/F   F/F   3     3     100 2    F/F   F/G   F/G   1     4     67 3    G/G   G/F   F/F   2     6     67 4    G/G   F/G   F/G   1     7     58 5    F/F   F/G   G/F   1     8     53 6    F/F   F/F   F/F   3     11    61 7    G/F   G/F   G/G   1     12    57 8    G/G   G/F   G/G   2     14    58 9    F/F   F/G   G/F   1     15    56 10   F/F   G/G   G/G   3     18    60 11   G/G   G/G   F/F   3     21    64 12   F/F   F/F   F/G   2     23    64 13   F/F   F/F   F/F   3     26    67 14   F/G   G/G   F/F   2     28    67 15   G/F   F/G   F/F   1     29    64 16   F/F   G/G   G/G   3     32    67 17   F/G   G/F   G/F   0     32    63 18   G/F   F/G   G/G   1     33    61 19   G/F   G/F   G/F   0     33    57 20   F/F   G/G   G/F   2     35    58 John Moser 19:32, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Bluefoxicy/Psychic Experiments


text:
Talk:Cash is king

[Untitled]
For an October 2004 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Cash is king

Why has this page been marked for deletion? It seems to be very much alive. There have been several edits since I created it. User:Abelson

That's because most of the edits are the result of it being marked for deletion. Being marked for deletion brings attention to articles, and they are often greatly improved in the process. The Steve 14:53, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

Please see this edit comparison where I removed a large block from the article. The phrase "Cash is king" relates to corporate valuation - the argument that cash flows are a better predictor of corporate value than profits, revenues, assets or other single metrics. A company with excellent profits and growing revenues can still go bankrupt if they do not keep adequate cash available. The term "cash" in this context includes actual currency and most easily convertible assets and even some near-term debt structures (such as corporate credit cards and revolving credit facilities).

The phrase is not generally used to describe consumer credit decisions. The block of text which I removed tries to tie the argument that "paying cash (strictly limited to currency) is better than using credit cards" to this phrase. That is not a generally accepted usage of the phrase. Rossami 16:47, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

There should be some mention of the phrase as a cliche used by excited idiots to sound smarter than they are.Aaronchall (talk) 20:27, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Code Phrase for Cash Deals?
I've spent time in coin shops and pawn shops in the last couple of years where I frequently hear the phrase "cash is king." In these cases, it seems to be used as a not-so-secret code telling the buyer that cash transactions are preferred. The buyer often benefits by not being asked to pay sales tax, whereas if they pay by credit card or ask for a receipt they do.

If this situation is common elsewhere it might warrant its own section or mention in this article. I can't say that it is common, but thought I'd post here in case it's worth including in Wikipedia. CheMechanical (talk) 01:46, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

I'll throw my hat in the ring for this interpretation, too (five years later). I have a few family members and friends who do a lot of buy/sell/trade at flea markets and similar, and use this phrase to refer to the cash deals they make with each other for items. Liquid cash is king; you can't really effectively haggle with a checkbook. 24.173.185.250 (talk) 13:43, 30 June 2016 (UTC)

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Might be worth creating a "Cash is trash" page
"Cash is trash" could be either a section that describes the counterposition to "Cash is king" ... or if it's noteworthy enough, we could create an entirely new page for it and put it in the "See also" section.

A quick internet search for "Cash is trash" will render many results, so it's probably notable enough.

Thoughts? Mapmaker345 (talk) 17:11, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cash is king


text:
South Plains

The South Plains is a region in northwest Texas, consisting of 24 counties. The main crop is cotton.

Counties
The South Plains region includes 24 counties: The northernmost four (Parmer, Castro, Swisher, and Briscoe) also form part of the Texas Panhandle region.

The region consists of a portion of the Texas side of the geographical Llano Estacado and the western portion of the lower part of the Southwestern Tablelands ecological region. South Plains extends south of the Texas Panhandle, centered at Lubbock. While prominent in the area of petroleum production, the South Plains is mainly an agricultural region, producing a great percentage of the nation's cotton and possessing numerous large cattle ranches. The South Plains is also home to several colleges and universities, the largest being Texas Tech University in Lubbock.

Cotton
Cotton is the most common crop grown in South Plains region. In 2004 and again in 2005, records were broken for cotton production. In an extended area comprising 31 counties in and near the South Plains, more than a million bales of cotton were harvested in 2005. This makes the South Plains the world’s largest cotton-producing region.

Regional identity
There are many businesses and organizations that use “South Plains” as part of their name, helping to form the South Plains regional identity. These include South Plains College in Levelland; the Panhandle-South Plains Fair held annually in Lubbock; the South Plains Regional Chapter of the American Red Cross; South Plains Council of the Boy Scouts of America; and numerous other public and private organizations.

title: South Plains


text:
World Animal Day

World Animal Day is an international day of action for animal rights and welfare celebrated annually on October 4, the feast day of Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals.

The World Animal Day movement is supported and endorsed by a number of celebrities, such as Anneka Svenska, Brian Blessed and Melanie C.

History
World Animal Day, was originated by cynologist Heinrich Zimmermann. He organized the first World Animal Day on March 24, 1925, at the Sport Palace in Berlin, Germany. Over 5,000 people attended this first event. The activity was originally scheduled for October 4, to align with the feast day of Saint Francis of Assisi, patron saint of ecology. However, the venue was not available on that day. The event was then moved to October 4 for the first time in 1929. Every year, Zimmermann worked tirelessly on the promotion of World Animal Day. Finally, in May 1931 at a congress of the International Animal Protection Congress in Florence, Italy, his proposal to make October 4 as World Animal Day universal was unanimously accepted and adopted as a resolution.

It is sometimes cited, incorrectly, that World Animal Day started in 1931 at the convention of ecologists in Florence, Italy, who wished to highlight the plight of endangered species.

In 1948, Australian celebrations were organised by the RSPCA. According to The Examiner, the construction of a boarding home for dogs was scheduled and a donation had been received from the L.G.R.C. Since 2002, The Finnish Association of Animal Protection Associations (SEY) has organized various events during the Animal Week and distributed material to schools. On October 27, 2006, the Polish parliament adopted a resolution on the establishment of 4 October as Animal Day.

In Argentina, this day has been observed on April 29 since 1908, promoted by Ignacio Lucas Albarracín, president of the Animal Protection Association of Buenos Aires. Coincidentally Albarracín would die on the same date in 1926, making it a day to also pay tribute to him for pioneering the animal's rights movement in the country.

Since 2003, World Animal Day has been coordinated by UK based animal welfare charity, Naturewatch Foundation with a new World Animal Day website launched for the 2023 celebration.

title: World Animal Day


text:
Rallycross

Rallycross is a form of sprint style automobile racing, held on a closed mixed-surface racing circuit, with modified production or specially built road cars, similar to the World Rally Cars. It is mainly popular in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Great Britain. An inexpensive, entry level type of rallycross is the Swedish folkrace or its Norwegian counterpart, the so-called bilcross. The folkrace is most popular in Finland where it was founded back in the late 1960s. In Europe, rallycross can also refer to racing 1:8 scale off-road radio-controlled buggies.

Origins of rallycross
The sport started as a TV show (with especially invited rally drivers), produced by Robert Reed of ABC Weekend TV for ITV's World of Sport programme, at Lydden Circuit (between Dover and Canterbury) in Great Britain on Saturday, 4 February 1967. The first true rallycross was organised by Bud Smith (d. 1994) and the Tunbridge Wells Centre of the 750 MC, with the aid of Lydden Circuit owner Bill Chesson (d. 1999), and was won by later Formula One driver as well as 1968 Rally Monte Carlo winner Vic Elford in a showroom Porsche 911 of the British importer AFN, ahead of Brian Melia in his Ford Lotus Cortina and Tony Fall in a BMC Mini Cooper S.

After that inaugural event there were another two test rallycrosses at Lydden, on 11 March and 29 July, before the new World of Sport Rallycross Championship for the ABC TV viewers started with round one on 23 September, to be followed by round two on 7 October. The series was run over a total of six rounds (three at Lydden and three at Croft) and was eventually won by Englishman Tony Chappell (Ford Escort Twin Cam), who became the first British Rallycross champion after winning the final round of the new series on 6 April 1968 at Lydden.

However, the true birth of rallycross is often wrongly connected with the cancellation of the 1967 RAC Rally, due to foot-and-mouth disease, in November 1967, about ten months after the maiden event. Some foreign entrants for the RAC had also planned to take part in the 1st international rallycross at Lydden Circuit, on Saturday, 25 November 1967, but went home immediately after the rally had been cancelled on the evening of 17 November, and was replaced by a single special stage (won by Swede Erik Carlsson in a Saab 96 V4) for the sake of the disappointed television companies. RAC Rally stage number one by then, Camberley, was on Ministry of Defence land and not affected by movement restrictions caused by the disease in rural areas. Subsequently, only British drivers competed in the maiden international rallycross event one week later, which was eventually won by Andrew Cowan and his Hillman Imp. Thames Estuary Automobile Club's (TEAC) premier event, the original Clubman's rallycross, was held the day after. It opened up the new rally drivers' fun-sport to many amateur competitors, proved very successful and thereby paved the way for the first generation of real rallycross specialists, many of them coming from the ranges of autocross and autograss racing.

After one and a half years and several rallycross events at Lydden as well as Croft Circuit (near Darlington) the BBC adopted the young sport for its Grandstand programme while ITV dropped it after the British Rallycross Winter Series 1968/69. In 1969 Lydden Circuit and Croft Circuit were joined by another RX venue, Cadwell Park in Lincolnshire. However, while both Lydden and Croft nowadays are still in use for rallycross Cadwell Park later dropped this type of car racing from its schedule.

Expansion to the Netherlands
Rob Herzet (AVRO), a Dutch counterpart to Robert Reed, discovered rallycross during a visit to Great Britain in 1968 and immediately understood its potential for the television viewers. By that time there were nearly ten million Britons watching some of the events on television. Back home in the Netherlands, Herzet contacted the race and rally driver as well as motoring journalist Gerard van Lennep (a cousin to Formula One driver Gijs van Lennep) to discuss his find. Both agreed that this form of sprint racing could be also appropriate for the Netherlands. Van Lennep soon started his investigations and found a military testing ground near the town of Venlo, close to the Dutch-German border. Actually there had been two venues available, the one at Venlo in Limburg and one at Elst in Gelderland, but the aid offered by the army turned the decision into the favour of Venlo.

On Saturday 17 May 1969 a group of invited rally and racing drivers went to the spot for a test day. Everybody was really satisfied and enthusiastic and only three weeks later, on Saturday 7 June the first rallycross event on the European continent was held. The track consisted of a section of concrete runway, loose sections through heathland and a hollow, about 40 metres long and 10 metres deep, usually used for tank testing. Although the soft heath soil and the muddy hollow hampered most of the two dozen or so competitors, or at least their mostly rather aged cars, the event produced much fun for all concerned as well as the TV audience. Overall victory went eventually to Hans Kok and his valuable NSU 1200 TT. Davy Van Den Branden 9 Times Belgian Champion. And 5 times Netherlands Champion.

The Dutch television company AVRO gave green light to Rob Herzet as well as another three rounds counting towards the so-called AVRO-Trophy and on 16 August of the same year NSU campaigner Hans Kok claimed the first national Dutch rallycross title. On October 4 1969 Holland saw its last Rallycross event of the first season, a stand-alone one-off race organised on a temporary track that was quickly set up on pastureland near the ‘Europahal’ at the town of Elst, halfway between Arnhem and Nijmegen. Here it was young Briton ‘Jumping’ Jeff Wiliamson who drove his Riley 1300 to overall victory. On 1 November the Dutch Rallycross Association was founded and, during 1970, organised another five events at Venlo. For 1971 the Nederlandse Rallycross Vereniging (NRV) moved the sport to its new continental home at Valkenswaard near Eindhoven. The Eurocircuit opened on Saturday 17 April with a race that was won by Jan de Rooy and his famous DAF 555 Coupé 4WD and became the first track in the World that was especially designed and built purely for rallycross purposes.

Expansion to Australia
Rallycross came to Australia in 1969 with a one off meeting at Leppington in New South Wales. Events were held at Calder Park Raceway in Melbourne until the mid 1970s and at the Catalina Park circuit in Katoomba in New South Wales from 1972 until the early 1980s. Circuits at Towac near Orange in New South Wales as well as Tailem Bend and Whyalla in South Australia were also used, but after a dozen or so years the sport faded in Australia. Peter Brock was especially successful driving for the Holden Dealer Team in a supercharged Holden Torana GTR.

The inaugural Australian Rallycross Championship was held at the Tailem Bend circuit on 24 June 1979 and was won by Larry Perkins, driving a 2.0-litre Volkswagen Beetle for Kruger Motors. This was the only Australian Rallycross Championship to be contested.

A national rallycross championship was set to return to Australia in 2015 in the form of the Extreme Rallycross Championship, originally scheduled to consist of seven events held across 2015 and 2016. However, the series was cancelled after just one event had been held due to a lack of entries. A proposed Victorian championship, titled Rallycross Australia, was also cancelled before a single event had been run.

Soviet Union
In Soviet Union history of rallycross (under name of autocross) dates back to 1949 when first competitions were held for light trucks, as well as passenger cars. First competitions resembled more light offroad race over 20-40km course, but over time races shortened and purpose built tracks were established. In 1970s and 1980s autocross was among most popular autosport disciplines in Soviet Union with hundreds of racing tracks and various classes of trucks, light cars and purpose built buggies competing. Most classes were effectively one-make classes, with few performance upgrades available, which together with wide state support made autocross popular and easily accessible to enthusiasts. Since late 1970s local regulations for autocross were harmonized with FIA regulations for rallycross. Until that time most tracks were unpaved, since then more partially paved rallycross tracks were built.

In the United States
In October 2009 Rally America (for two years operating under the tag RallyCar) announced it would begin sanctioning European style rallycross events in the United States. The inaugural season of the RallyCar Rallycross Championship, held in 2010, featured four events and several rally, rallycross and drifting competitors have shown an interest in contesting these races. All four events (August 29, October 3, November 6, November 7) were organised at New Jersey Motorsports Park.

A closed-format circuit race called Rallycross was a regular event at the X Games for some years. It was first added to the X Games XVI in 2010 under the name SuperRally. This event involved heavily modified production cars with turbocharged engines running at 600 hp, all-wheel drive, sequential gearboxes, and offroad style suspension tuned for long jumps.

The Global RallyCross Championship was a Red Bull-sponsored championship that began in 2011 with five rounds in Irwindale, California (The Revolution), Snoqualmie, WA (Twin Peaks), Fountain, CO (Last Chance) and X Games 17 in the streets of Downtown Los Angeles. The series had several popular drivers such as Tanner Foust, Ken Block, Travis Pastrana, Finn Marcus Grönholm, Kiwi Rhys Millen, Dave Mirra, Frenchman Stéphane Verdier, Swede Michael Jernberg and Briton Liam Doran. The events were televised on ESPN. In 2012, the series grew to seven events run in conjunction with NASCAR Sprint Cup and IndyCar weekends as well as X Games 18 in Los Angeles. Several marques fielded factory- or importer-supported efforts including Ford, Hyundai, Subaru and Dodge. In 2013 the series went to Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, and Munich, Germany, and a rained-out event in Barcelona, Spain.

In 2013, GRC Lites made their debut in Loudon, New Hampshire, with the series most exciting race held at Atlanta Motor Speedway pitting professional European rallycross drivers against new comer, American Mitchell DeJong. Global Rallycross was also featured in X Games this year, held at the Irwindale Raceway. American newcomer, Mitchell deJong joined the series and made history as the youngest to win the Silver Medal in X-Games in his first attempt at age 16.

In 2014 the Global Rallycross Championship Series traveled to tracks across the U.S. and Canada. The series traveled to Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas where American driver, Mitchell deJong made history again when he became the youngest to be invited and to win the Gold Medal in X-Games.

In 2018, the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, hosted the World Rallycross race event again on September 29–30 at the purpose-built track.

The Americas Rallycross Championship began competition in 2018. However, it was cancelled after the 2019 season due to a lack of sponsors.

Pastrana launched his own rallycross championship Nitro Rallycross in 2021.

In the United Kingdom
The Motorsport UK British Rallycross Championship presented by Cooper Tires is the current national series in the United Kingdom. The calendar features iconic rallycross circuits including Lydden Hill Race Circuit. Recognised as an official championship by the MSUK, the governing body of motorsport in Great Britain.

FIA European Rallycross Championship and FIA World Rallycross Championship
The first FIA World Rallycross Championship (World RX) took place from 4–5 May 2014, alongside the FIA European Rallycross Championship (Euro RX), the latter formerly known as FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers. Former World Rally Championship champion Petter Solberg took first place to become the first FIA World Rallycross Championship winner.

The 2014 FIA World Rallycross Championship consists of 12 events globally for the Supercar category.

FIA World and European Rallycross Championship cars are built based on production car body shells of vehicles homologated for Group A and Group N, or permitted by a special FIA list for non-homologated cars to be used in rallycross but are extensively modified.

Race format
Different rallycross championships and events use different formats and scoring systems.

Electric rallycross
The FIA made changes to rallycross categories before the beginning of 2021 season. The Supercar category was renamed to RX1, and a new electric rallycross supercar category RX1e was introduced. The Junior RX2 series were dropped, and Junior electric series RX2e were introduced. RX1e championship is expected to debut in 2022 season, consisting of the RX1 supercars retrofitted with two 250kW electric motors (equivalent of 680 horsepower), and equipped with 52kWh performance battery.

Similar types of racing
In Australia and in the United States, there is dirt track racing, close to rallycross, but with two big differences, the vehicles are sprint cars, late models, modifieds and midgets instead, and they usually run in oval dirt tracks.

In Great Britain, autocross was where some of the pioneers of rallycross started. In other Europeans countries, autocross is similar to in Britain, but with the cars starting at the same time like in rallycross. Also there is crosskart racing.

The motocross, which is similar to rallycross, but with motorcycles, ATVs and Pit bikes is very popular worldwide. It also have the bike motocross and the side car motocross.

In France, they have camion cross, (truck cross in English) similar to rallycross, but with trucks instead. The most known championship is the Coupe de France de camion cross.

title: Rallycross


text:
Talk:Huang Yuanyong

Untitled
Dear groupmates,as the Commerical Press (H.K),(Taiwan) and (Beijing) are 3 independent parties, i think it is more accurate if we mention it's the commerical press(Shanghai) which published the Yuansheng yi zhu(遠生遺著). Besides, i forget to login in my last few entries.The one with ID:218.102.97.159 on 20th October is me.Sorry. 0101Nghoisin

Dear groupmates, I think the names mentioned in our project should be "bold" so that it will be easy for us to read. 0101LEEwy

Dear groupmates, as Lee mentioned in tutorial, it would be better for us to focus on editing the article rather than adding new information to it now, as we only got one more week to go, thanks. 0101WONGlh

Dear groupmates, we should try our best to look for the English translation for spicific terms, such as newspaper names, etc, if there is any. Otherwise, I suggest we should simply convert the names into Putonghua pinyin, to make the page more coherent. As far as I notice, having too many Chinese names without English translation is one of the major problems with the article now, thanks. 0101WONGlh

Regarding Li's comment, any groupmates who have posted any Chinese character on this Wiki page in lack of English translation please try your best to fix it. 0101CHANlf

Some groupmates had deleted some information about Hunag, e.g. his given name and the title of his announcement 《黄遠生反對帝制並辭去袁系報紙聘約啟事》before as I have added in the project. I think these are importnat facts about Hunag. Please think carefully whether information given by others should be deleted. 0101LEEwy

Hey my dear groupmates, as Lee mentioned in the tutorial, I think it would be better if we can write shorter paragraphs, with only three to four sentences, so readers can follow easily. 0101WONGlh

do we need to quote more evidence before we say that huang yuanyung is a responsible journalist? How responsible is he? How unique is his opinions? 0101LAUsk

whether you want to quote some evidence in this aspect depends on what are the information that you want audience to know. 0101LEEny

Hey Lau S.K., by setting up a link to yourself, contributors can better communicate with you. (JMSC0101 TA --Li)

I think we need to find out what political issues he had to report at that time and find out whether his report is valid referring to nowsdays' history information about that era. As his reports are telling the same things as history, it can be said that he had told the truth and he is a responsible journalist in this sense. 0101LEEwy

I want to know the exact date of Huang's death. I find that Huang was murdered on 27th December, 1915, but someone has written that he was murdered on 25th December, 1915. Can any one know this fact? 0101LEEwy

There has been different versions on Huang's death, the most reliable information was the one mentioned in the paragraph "Biography". The other versions will be posted seperately in the paragraph "Riddle of his death" - Coming soon. 0101CHANlf

Perhaps it is not necessary for us to sorry about the accuracy of the content.0101LEEny

New headings has been created for new specific topics about Huang. Some of them are still under construction. Any related text contribution are welcomed. 0101CHANlf

Edit edit edit!
Actually,I think the contecnt is bad and it can help to give a rough idea of Huang Yuanying. However, I also found that some aspects mentioned in the passage have several versions.It turns up a problem that the truthfulness of the information.

Edit edit edit!
Hi Folks, things are progressing well. stop adding, just edit edit edit. many of your subheadings can be combined to avoid overlapping. do your best to translate the reference materials, otherwise, it is of no use to an English reader. keep up the good work. (JMSC0101 TA - Li) Lfcho 15:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Accuracy of the content
Actually,I think the content is bad and it can help to give a rough idea of Huang Yuanying. However, I also found that some aspects mentioned in the passage have several versions.It turns up a problem that the truthfulness of the information.

I think it might not be necessary for us to worry about the accuracy of the content so much.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Huang Yuanyong


text:
Hugh Ferris

Hugh Ferris or Ferriss may refer to:

 * Hugh Ferriss (1889–1962), American architect, illustrator, and poet
 * Hugh Ferris (rugby union) (1877–1929), South African rugby union player
 * Hugh Ferris (presenter), English television, radio, podcast and events presenter

title: Hugh Ferris


text:
Swalaba

Swalaba is a neighborhood in Ghana’s capital city Accra. It is located in the city center between Korle Woko and Jamestown. Its population is mainly from the Ga tribal group, but houses also members of Hausa, Ewe, and Akan. Its narrow streets called "lungu lungu" makes Swalaba resemble a labyrinth and it is known to be difficult to get around for anyone not familiar with the area. The people of Swalaba are viewed as friendly, hospitable but also with a penchant for being direct and espouse a no nonsense attitude.

title: Swalaba


text:
User talk:Vistronic

Your recent edits of Creationism
Welcome to Wikipedia. I'm sorry but I had to revert your recent changes to the Creationism article; exactly what changes to the introductory paragraphs of the article are being discussed at length on the Talk pages. Please first seek consensus there before making substantial changes to the article. BTW- you do realize that the Scopes trial was 80 years ago right, in 1925? Exactly how is that relevant to how the modern scientific community views creationism?--FeloniousMonk 07:47, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I support an accurate expression of the "creationist" point-of-view
I will refrain from characterizing what is happening on Creationism. However, I want you to know that I support your being able to present an accurate expression of the "creationist" point-of-view on the Creationism page, even when it opposes my personal point-of-view. I appreciate your recent efforts. Might I make a suggestion? Is it possible for you to put your submissions through a spell checker before you "Save the page"? Maybe you could copy and paste them to your word processor, if your word processor has a spell checker. Alternatively, you might give me blanket permission to correct the typos in your submissions. Welcome aboard! :)) ---Rednblu 16:40, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your Input
Hello, Thank you for your input. I have started a thread to discuss said revision again thanks. The scopes trial is a important marker to any serious discussion on creationism the arguments that were brought forth (or would have been if the Judge allowed ) are very similar to the basic concepts. Now the facts have changes YES. But the basic assumptions are very much still there. 1. EVO, Modern, Scientific Method, Realism. 2. CREO, Faith, Scripture, (and implied by EVO narrow, Bigot, Fundie, yadda, yadda)

Oh yes the scopes trial is very realevent IMHO.

---

I agree that the Scopes trial demonstrated the pattern of "attempting to keep the competition from teaching their theory." But in that case, it was the creationists who attempted to ban the teaching of evolution.

I suggest that a better case to make your point--that scientists consider the debate to be serious--would be better illustrated by a modern case in which the scientists attempted to ban the teaching of creationism. I refer you to the 1987 Edwards_v._Aguillard case where a biology teacher and a bunch of other evolutionists sued to ban the teaching of creationism in biology classes. I like your arguments and will help you make them even if they disagree with my personal point-of-view. :)) See you later. ---Rednblu 15:34, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

---

In regards to spell checking thankyou... I now have installed a spell checker, but feel free to correct any word I missed, I know since are interface is words spelling errors look bad and give a bad impression.... and I am already pushing uphill on this topic anyways it appears!

Cheers, Vis.

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title: User talk:Vistronic


text: Category:Battle of the Somme

title: Category:Battle of the Somme