text:
User talk:Gnomz007

I'm a bit busy, so consider me on wikibreak
Started over, comments were aging /Archive1 /Archive2

Diamond ring (from the Putin article)
I fixed the paragraph, now stating the ring was a gift to Putin. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 30 June 2005 19:14 (UTC)
 * Cool! Gnomz007 30 June 2005 23:32 (UTC)

Imho you made "Quatations" better.. ..and my personal thank you for your improvements in "Putin-related humour"! ellol 15:25, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'm glad I did not harm it :)Gnomz007 16:40, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Some "offtopic" :) If you (used to) like science fiction, you can try "Antarktida-online" (by Alexander Gromov and Vladimir Vasilyev), here or here.. Yet it's a book about modern world and a place of a man in it rather than a scifi book. It begins with Antarctic continent having "jumped" to equator(and science fiction ends here(almost)), then scientists on polar stations claimed the formation of Antarctic Republic.. What's the world's immediate reaction.. further reaction.. newly Antarctic civilians.. informational war.. etc.. (the book is in russian, but it's no way a pro-russia book as some scifi of soviet era could be) ellol 21:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * At last - some excuse for me to use Russian. Я правда люблю фантастику, спасибо за ссылку, такой оффтопик меня радует :), и нет меня не донимает, что во многих советских книгах в будущем царит коммунизм. И, Евгений, простите, я немного лично принял комментарий про про-российское, меня не это не расстроит, я просто не люблю точнее пару аспектов политики ВВП, у меня слабые нервы и я весьма импульсивен. От этого я часто веду себя глупо. С цитатами моя "диверсия" не удалась, просто когда появилась эта с "обрезанием" я вспомнил, как она невнятно звучит в оригинале, а по асcоциации мне и остальные перестали нравится(просто Идиот Достоевского наоборот :) ). Кстати мне очень нравятся Ваши поправки к статье - очень сбалансировано. Насчет пенсионеров - попробую написать как-нибудь, я правда наблюдал это уже отсюда, так что не уверен, но здесь шума было много(относительно), но если сравнить как часто Лента.ру пишет про "панику в Америке"(пару раз ну совсем попусту) –Gnomz007(?) 22:30, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Раз уж я начал писать, напишу и это - разница между нашими позициями лишь в том, что я пессимист и мне плохо видно отсюда, и меня очень радует, что трезвые люди из России участвуют в Википедии, и данная статья не оставлена на растерзание всяким Ситхам(он не читает кириллицу - хе-хе), а тем более мне :)), нет-нет да и напишу с горечи за последнюю выходку(я - псих - мне можно), про которую написали (вроде сокращения институтов).–Gnomz007(?) 23:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * На случай если я серьёзностью своей кого-нибудь напугал - это я для читабельности ( мама! я ни одного слова не укоротил, кроме ВВП)–Gnomz007(?) 23:17, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry for my "pro-russia". i like Strugatsky, Efremov.. in early childhood i liked Belyaev and "kids" works of Bulychev.. But i just hadn't read others Soviet scifi books, and can't talk about them. (my further interests "moved" into authors listed at rusf.ru) On the other hand, the book is unkind to all existing states (yet not countries and not nations)..ellol 22:58, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If you don't mind, some words in Russian.Я ни в коем случае не считаю вас "психом", наоборот, здравомыслящим человеком, с которым приятно вести беседу.. Если бы вы назвались -- было бы совсем хорошо ;) Кстати, можно просто Женя и на "ты". Оффтопиков таких могу много предоставить, тут меня надо удерживать, уже не одного приятеля достал :) Вот, к примеру, "Алая аура протопарторга" Е. Лукина(на том же fenzin.org): Россия развалилась на области и районы, интрига ведётся между "правящими элитами" независимых гос-в Баклужино и Лыцка(бывших районов Сусловской области?).. Баклужино возглавляет движение "Колдуны за демократию", а Лыцк -- православные коммунисты-выкресты.. Ничего так :), вспомнилось почему-то. А "Идиота", к стыду, до сих пор не дочитал.. К сож. сам не могу похвастаться корректностью высказываний, и бред из меня порой так и прет.. но есть же кнопка Просмотр, ей нещадно пользуюсь, хоть в рез. и просиживаю вплоть до часа над одним предложением :( Вот.. на самом деле в учебном году максимум, что удается -- нерегулярно просматривать ленту.ру; поэтому здесь у вас преимущество) Как иллюстрация.. как я узнал про Беслан? Год только начался, полон сил, сижу в "боталке" и ботаю, ничем больше не интересуюсь.. Так вот лектор по экономике сказал в начале лекции.. Пришёл, посмотрел, да, вот штурм закончился.. Хотя это крайний случай, конечно. Больше не собираюсь надоедать, Женя. (Меня тут некоторое время не будет, так что желаю удачи! все у вас получится!) ellol 22:58, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

bg:Войвода
Hi, re your query on bg:: "войвода" really does mean voevode in Bulgarian, however "село" means village and the article Войвода (село) is thus about a village of that name and shouldn't be interwikied with voevode. We don't have an article about voevodes yet. Cheers, --Glimz 00:55, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Vadim Chernobrov
Instead of simply nominating the article for deletion, try a rewrite first, using the sources that you have found. Look at how I rewrote Harley "SwiftDeer" Reagan using cited sources. Uncle G 17:35:18, 2005-08-11 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the idea, I will try that soon.–Gnomz007(?) 18:32, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

(opposing) Communism
Hi. You might find this book interesting. I do not know the original Russian title. It is more recent than the Black Book of Communism and the author had access to all the Communist achieves. It is much easier to counter the communist claims when you have a book with historical research that you can use as reference. Ultramarine 22:03, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I actually was considering getting this one when you first mentioned it. And...it was published in Russia - literal translation "Чёрная книга коммунизма" gives many goole hits and wow, it is a recomended read for politology courses at MGU. Anyway, English one is even better. I have never needed any proof for myself, I could vouch for many crimes of Communists, just from what my parents told me, but only real research can make this solid. –Gnomz007(?) 01:37, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Just a thought
This may not satisfy all of your needs, but if you don't show some support, we're not likely to get even this much. — Xiong熊 talk* 10:44, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

a note to anonymous

 * You do not have to reply this. I've learned from you too, and amazingly, though I'm a disaster of communicator in the end you've got my idea exactly.
 * I think you could contribute to Wikipedia, humility in editing is a tough thing, being informed is also, I guess you can handle it. As you can see from my user page I'm not a super-important guy here, but I would not give up my account because I like to stop vandals and fix typos, add little trivia and just read, sometimes I give to sticking into discussion I see relevant to myself.–Gnomz007(?) 05:04, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, best of luck to you.

Bye--4.152.102.244 21:05, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

фдисятке и ниибет =)
Прочитал июльскую дискуссию на Talk:First post и не смог удержаться :-)

Тут в знак симпатии принято дарить подсолнухи — держи --tyomitch 17:54, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

RfAr
An arbitration request against User:AndriyK has been filed. If you intend to participate/co-sign, please add your name to the "Involved parties" section and write a statement.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 18:01, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Holodomor
Regarding your recent comment on Holodomor, I don't think I've moved the quote into intro. In fact I have not reverted Kuban Kazak's edit at all but asked for some explanation. I'd prefer if people would discuss first, then edit, not the other way round. As to our removal of "policy of secrecy" I agree with you that if we have mentioned that NKVD archives are closed, it's obvious that this is due to Russia's policy and we don't need to explain it any further (BTW: It's a shame that these archives are still closed). --Lysy (talk) 20:07, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Well the policy can be interpreted differentely, for instance is it a policy of covering up, or is it a policy that classified documents shall remain classified for a period of 25/50/100 years? For some things like the famine of 1933 I will not be surprised that in 2033 we shall find out the truth of what happened. However this can easily be interpreted as Russia's unwillingness to accept responsibility, an argument which has no weight behind it. Thus if you formulate that the archives have not been released because their release date has yet to arrive then fine with me, put the quote back in. Kuban kazak 20:20, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * As I said, I agree that this needs not to be mentioned in the article. The fact is that the archives are closed and we do not need to speculate why they are closed. This said, let me make just a personal comment to your remark here. If there is a policy in Russia that the files should remain classified for 100 years, I wonder what could be the reason behind it. I believe that policy of openness would do much more good for everyone. --Lysy (talk) 20:42, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually it is highly political discussion - why Russia shall follow the rules of secrecy in USSR, when I hear of Soviet politics I regress to an ape, I can not find a rationale or take it in, some guys stamped 100 yr secrecy, then their government was overthrown and now the new goverment follows the same policy. I was always dissatisfied with insufficient denouncement of Soviet crimes, or are we in the same country.
 * Anyway I doubt we can confirm on why it is like that, what was to be kept for 100 years, so just mentioning NKVD not opened completely would be enough.
 * I only removed pure-interpretation-POV. –Gnomz007(?) 20:53, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's fine with me. --Lysy (talk) 21:36, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration accepted
Requests for arbitration/AndriyK has been accepted. Please place evidence on Requests for arbitration/AndriyK/Evidence. Proposals and comments may be placed on Requests for arbitration/AndriyK/Proposed decision. Fred Bauder 02:26, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Halibutt's RfA
I would like to express my thanks to all the people who took part in my (failed) RfA voting. I was both surprised and delighted about the amount of support votes and all the kind words! I was also surprised by the amount of people who stated clearly that they do care, be it by voting in for or against my candidacy. That's what Wiki community is about and I'm really pleased to see that it works. As my RfA voting failed with 71% support, I don't plan to reapply for adminship any more. However, I hope I might still be of some help to the community. Cheers! Halibutt 05:10, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Russian architecture
I thought you'd like to know, the page was unprotected (without an ensuing revert spree). I dawdled a bit much, but I've now submitted a revision to the page for everyone's consideration. Please see my comments at talk:Russian architecture. Regards, Michael Z. 2005-12-1 05:50 Z
 * Thank you, I think it is great compromise that you use "East Slavic lands" so I hope it is clear that it is not modern state.
 * I'm a bit busy in reality so I'm unable to comment/edit much right now ( even no internet connection at home ).–Gnomz007(?) 23:09, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Your English
On Requests for adminship/Alex Bakharev you asked if you were being clear with your English. I don't know if you were being serious, but I thought that you should know that your English is fine. Your grammar might be in need of a bit of help (too many commas, etc.), but you presented your point perfectly. Hopefully, one day I'll be able to speak a second language as well as you speak English. Matt Yeager 06:47, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you for a kind comment, I actually was both joking and serious at the same time. I wanted to make sure my statement was not misconstrued and I was actually wondering if I sound a bit alien.
 * I think I have some inclination to use Russian punctualtion rules in my English sometimes -- optional commas is too great resposibility for me after strict comma placement :)–Gnomz007(?) 07:10, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

My RfA

I would like to express my thanks to all the good people who spent their valuable time time and effort working on my (failed) RfA voting. Especially for those who actually voted to support me :). Lets move on and make together our corner of the Wikipedia an even greater place abakharev 09:14, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

AndriyK RfAr closed
The AndriyK RfAr has been closed. Until by consensus he has agreed to a suitable and mutually agreed naming convention using the guideline Naming conflict, AndriyK is prohibited from moving pages, or changing the content of articles which relate to Ukrainian names, especially those of historical interest. AndriyK is banned for one month from Wikipedia for creating irreversible page moves. Andrew Alexander, AndriyK, and MaryMaidan are warned to avoid copyright violations and to cooperate with the efforts of others to remove copyright violations. Ghirlandajo is warned to avoid incivility or personal attacks.

On behalf of the Arbitration Committee, Kelly Martin (talk) 04:57, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

RE: Oleg of Chernigov
I direct your attention here: Standartization of Kievan Rus names Kazak 07:03, 29 January 2006 (UTC) Oops :) –Gnomz007(?) 07:04, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Khreschatyk
Добрый день. Вероятно я был неправильно Вами понят. Мой английский довольно слаб, мои скромные познания и копьютерные переводчики помогают понимать 95% процентов написанного, но при попытке обьяснится этот процент вероятно заметно ниже.

Я имел ввиду, что скорее всего эту фразу, как и другие мелкие редактирования в этой статье Ирпень неприемлет из-за того, что она исходила от АндрияК, с которым у него персональный конфликт.

Фраза "several short-lived Ukrainian states", на мой взгляд, не вполне уместна в этой статье. Историю нельзя рассматривать как обычный хронологический ряд - какое-то собыетие было short-lived, значит оно незначительно. По этой точке зрения Октябрьская революция тоже должна быть совершенно незначительной, тем не менее это событие оказало влияние на всю историю XX века. УНР или Гетьманат являются намного более значащими для истории, чем приход Деникина, поляков или немцев в Киев. Безусловно для советской историографии они "several short-lived Ukrainian states", но я не думаю, что такое уничижительное определение уместно в английской вики. В целом англ.википедия мне иногда напоминает советские учебники. Например, в статье "Красный террор" целый абзац явно списан с Краткого курса ВКП(б) или чего-то подобного. --Yakudza 23:49, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Простите, я прочитал как нечто в духе "а можно я вашего коллегу чем нибудь стукну". Мои знания о войне в Украине ограничиваются школой, где этот момент рассматривается весьма поверхностно и немного тех книг что "я не съел, так понадкусал" в интернете, потому я с лёгкостью мог пропустить неуместное упрощение.

Я согласен это неприятно то, на чём настаивает Ирпень, но у него зачастую бывают глубоко идущие обоснования, помимо болезненной реакции на AndriyK. Единственное что я вижу, что у каждой стороны видна группировка по государственной принадлежности: украинцы, советские большевики, поляки, немцы. Я также согласен, что не все армии равны по важности, но я не думаю, что Ирпень согласится с этим, что по сути тоже слегка упрощение.(я боюсь что уничтожение всего списка AndriyK было самым компромисным из решений).

Не может быть чтобы у этой фразы не было возможности замещения без такого комментария как "short-lived".

Что касается английской вики и большевистской идеологии, то тут на мой взгляд проблема в том, что в связке (безчисленые американские второй-курс марксисты-любители)-(пользователи пытающиеся отфильтровать вздор, но выросшие в СССР, вроде Mikkalai)-(активные демократичекие деятели)-(отдельные западники с парой книжек на полке, и иногда всё-же пишущие вдор)-(остальные) вектор направлен куда-то в эту сторону, потому что у первых слишком много энергии чтобы искать источники вроде Розы Люксембург, Троцкого и т.д. –Gnomz007(?) 00:36, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your voting!
Hi, thanks for your voting on my RFA. It has finished with the result 88/14/9, and I am promoted. I am really overwhelmed with the amount of support I have got. With some of you we have edited many articles as a team, with some I had bitter arguments in the past, some of you I consider to be living legends of Wikipedia and some nicks I in my ignorance never heard before. I love you all and I am really grateful to you.

If you feel I can help you or Wikipedia as a human, as an editor or with my newly acquired cleaning tools, then just ask and I will be happy to assist. If you will feel that I do not live up to your expectation and renegade on my promises, please contact me. Maybe it was not a malice but just ignorance or a short temper. Thank you very much, once more! abakharev 07:34, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:GrandDukeDmitryKonstantinovichRomanov.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gnomz007


text: User talk:67.234.140.137

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.234.140.137


text:
Talk:History of Turkey (disambiguation)/Draft

This article is about the history of the Republic of Turkey which is founded in 1923. In addition to the events after this date, a brief account of the events of particular importance to modern Turkey is included, with references to more detailed articles.

Previous States in Anatolia
Modern Turkey occupies Eastern Thrace and Anatolia. This location has been home to many previous civilizations.

Ancient Times
The Hittites settled in Anatolia in 2nd millennium BC. During the 1st millennium BC the Ancient Greek states of Ionia, Lydia and Troy were located there. The control of Anatolia shifted to the Romans in the 1st century AD.

The Middle Ages
The Byzantine Empire became the successor of Rome and lasted for more than a thousand years. Following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 the Byzantines started losing the control of Anatolia to the Seljuk Turks. After the Seljuk Empire's fall, the Anatolian Seljuk State gained control in the region, along with the Byzantine presence in the west. In the late 13th century the Ottoman Empire rose to power.


text:
Ault Park (Ontario)

Ault Park is a park on the St. Lawrence River in the Township of South Stormont, near Long Sault, Ontario, Canada.

Originally on Sheek's Island, the park was built on family property donated to the Township of Cornwall by Levi Addison Ault.

Sheek's Island was submerged by the St. Lawrence Seaway project in 1958, and Ault Park was rebuilt on the new river shore.

Lost Villages Museum
It is now home to the Lost Villages Historical Society, who operate the Lost Villages Museum, a living museum incorporating a number of buildings moved from the villages. Other buildings from the villages were moved to a site near Morrisburg to create Upper Canada Village.

Important archaeological digs
The original site of Ault Park on Sheek Island was also the site of an important archaeological excavation between 1956 and 1958, before the island and dig site were permanently submerged under 14-feet of water for the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. This project, a joint project of the University of Toronto and the National Museum of Canada, was largely a salvage operation to conserve the artifacts left behind from many cultures of people including remnants of a village believed to date back 3500 years. The University of Toronto petitioned for an injunction against the Seaway project in order to continue the excavations however they were not successful. A number of artifacts were taken from the site for further investigation.

Some of the cultures who were found to have inhabited the island were multi-component-Middle Archaic, Laurentian, Archaic, Meadowood, Point Peninsula, Pickering, and the St. Lawrence Iroquois.

Affiliations
The Museum is affiliated with CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

title: Ault Park (Ontario)


text:
Wenatchee Mountains

The Wenatchee Mountains are a range of mountains in central Washington State, United States of America. A major subrange of the Cascade Range, extending east 50 mi from the Cascade crest, the Wenatchee Mountains separate the drainage basins of the Yakima River from the Wenatchee River. The crest of the range forms part of the boundary between Chelan and Kittitas Counties.

Extent
Fred Beckey describes the Wenatchee Mountains as the area between the Wenatchee and Yakima rivers and Stevens Pass. Among the range's significant features he describes are Mount Stuart, the second highest non-volcanic peak in Washington and one of the largest single granitic mountains in the United States, the Cashmere Crags, the Lost World Plateau, Edward Plateau, and Dragontail Plateau, the Enchantment Lakes Basin ("one of the most marvelous examples of an ice-sculpted wilderness in the Cascade Range″), Icicle Creek and its narrow, U-shaped valley over 6000 ft deep, one of the deepest in the Cascades, and the Wenatchee River's unusual winding Tumwater Canyon gorge.

According to Peakbagger.com the Wenatchee Mountains are defined as bounded by U.S. Route 2 from Stevens Pass to Wenatchee on the Columbia River, then down the Columbia River to Interstate 90, then west along the highway to the vicinity of Cle Elum and Roslyn, then north along Cle Elum Lake and the Cle Elum River and north to Stevens Pass. Subranges of the Wenatchee Mountains and their highest peaks as defined by Peakbagger.com are the Chiwaukum Mountains (Big Chiwaukum Mountain, 8501 ft), North Wenatchee Mountains (Cashmere Mountain, 8501 ft), Stuart Range (Mount Stuart, 9415 ft), the Teanaway Area (Ingalls Peak, 7662 ft), and the Mission-Naneum Ridges (Mission Peak, 6876 ft). Peakbagger.com also defines and names the mountain regions bordering the Wenatchee Mountains. These are the Alpine Lakes Area to the west, South Cascade Crest to the south, Glacier Peak-North Stevens Pass area to the northwest, and the Entiat Mountains to the northeast.

The USGS GNIS defines the range with a simple list seven points in a line, running from approximately Paddy-Go-Easy Pass and Granite Mountain to approximately Blewett Pass and Naneum Creek.

Major Peaks
Partial list of peaks:

 * Mount Stuart - 9415 ft - 47.47512°N, -120.90314°W
 * Dragontail Peak - 8809 ft - 47.47873°N, -120.83342°W
 * Colchuck Peak - 8507 ft - 47.47706°N, -120.84509°W
 * Cannon Mountain - 8579 ft - 47.50262°N, -120.80203°W
 * Sherpa Peak - 8478 ft - 47.47206°N, -120.8887°W
 * Enchantment Peak - 8520 ft - 47.48761°N, -120.80638°W
 * Witches Tower - 8520 ft - 47.47659°N, -120.82555°W
 * Cashmere Mountain	- 8448 ft - 47.55873°N, -120.84703°W
 * Argonaut Peak - 8369 ft - 47.47012°N, -120.86148°W
 * Little Annapurna - 8458 ft - 47.46817°N, -120.81453°W
 * McClellan Peak - 8225 ft - 47.46984°N, -120.7862°W
 * Eightmile Mountain - 7864 ft - 47.53206°N, -120.89648°W
 * The Cradle - 7231 ft - 47.56095°N, -121.03232°W
 * Hawkins Mountain - 7160 ft - 47.45024°N, -121.00128°W
 * Granite Mountain - 7064 ft - 47.58095°N, -121.09009°W
 * Earl Peak - 7018 ft - 47.40994°N, -120.84285°W
 * Mac Peak - 6837 ft - 47.62761°N, -121.12482°W
 * Three Brothers - 7303 ft - 47.42327°N, -120.77567°W
 * Thunder Mountain Lakes Peak - 6711 ft
 * Trico Mountain - 6604 ft - 47.59706°N, -121.11315°W
 * Thunder Mountain - 6407 ft - 47.65789°N, -121.11982°W
 * Slippery Slab Tower - 6356 ft - 47.66865°N, -121.12612°W

Natural history
The Wenatchee Mountains are in the rain shadow of the main Cascade Range and hence are drier and have fewer trees. This comparative lack of trees offers good wildflower displays and wide views. Serpentine soils are found within the Wenatchee Mountains, modifying the plant communities in those areas.

The Wenatchee Mountains are home to a number of rare, endemic, or disjunct plant species, including Androsace nivalis var. dentata, Claytonia megarhiza var. nivalis, Delphinium viridescens, Lewisiopsis tweedyi, Trifolium thompsonii, and Valeriana columbiana. The Wenatchee Mountains checkermallow (Sidalcea oregano var. calva) occurs only along Peshastin Creek, south of Leavenworth, Washington. It is the rarest plant in Washington, and is now on the endangered species list.

title: Wenatchee Mountains


text:
Talk:Apollonian gasket

Image
any topic like this just cries out for illustrations so us folks that aren't so hot at math can understand what's being discussed. Suppafly

yeah, this page def needs a pic, or at least a link to one.

The image was added 22:06, 8 Oct 2004, before the second comment (Matt me's) above (06:02, 9 Oct 2004, ). Hyacinth 18:11, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I think the page needs the construction image https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollonian_gasket_construction.svg in order to make clear exactly which are the 4th & 5th circles. As a clueless non-editor, I don't dare attempt such a potentially space-disrupting change. Snowsim (talk) 04:24, 13 August 2015 (UTC)

Any size
Article should explain from the start that C1, C2, C3 can be any size
 * Done. Gandalf61 09:17, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * The problem remains that there is currently no diagram accompanying the text that identifies C1, C2, C3, etc. rowley (talk) 23:36, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Descartes circle theorem?
Isn't there a "Descartes circle theorem" or some such, relating circle sizes using integers? A very short google showed articles at mathworld, but no mention of integers ... maybe I'm imagining the bit about integers?? linas 02:16, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you mean ? Black Carrot (talk) 22:30, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I added a huge section on Integral Apollonian Circle Packing, and included the reference for what you are thinking about. Feedback on the section is appreciated.  NefariousPhD (talk) 01:31, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The new section on Integral Apollonian Circle Packing is interesting - well done. A few corrections:
 * Each gasket is completely described by the curvatures of its first three circles. not four. If these curvatures are -a, b and c (where -a is the curvature of the bounding circle) then the curvatures of the next two circles d and e are give by
 * $$d=-a+b+c- 2 \Delta$$
 * $$e=-a+b+c+ 2 \Delta$$
 * where
 * $$\Delta=\sqrt{bc-ab-ac}$$
 * (see Descartes' theorem). If a, b, c and Δ are integers then d and e are also integers, and it then follows that all the circles in the gasket will have integer curvature.
 * (-1,2,2,3) is definitely the only integer gasket with D2 symmetry. To have D2 symmetry we must have b=c and d=e, which means that Δ=0 and so b=2a. Therefore, up to a scaling factor, the gasket must be (-1,2,2,3).
 * There are definitely no integer gaskets with D3 symmetry. To have D3 symmetry we must have b=c=d, which means that
 * $$\frac{a}{b}=2\sqrt{3}-3$$
 * so a and b cannot both be integers.
 * It is possible that someone might suggest that this new section is original research. To avoid this, it would help if you gave more references that discuss integer gaskets - the Lagarias, Mallows and Wilks paper that you reference is about extensions of Descartes' circle theorem, and only mentions integer gaskets in passing. Gandalf61 (talk) 16:07, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I have now made changes in the article to correct these errors. Gandalf61 (talk) 14:17, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Questions ???
To obtain an integer packing one needs four integer curvatures that satisfy DCE, not just three. The first three in the tables happen to produce the fourth, but how were these first 3 obtained to begin with? Are all possible packings accounted for? Also, DCE solutions [2,3,6,23] yield the same packing as [-1,2,2,3]. How does one move from the one characterization to the other? This could be explained a little better. Otherwise, very nice article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.253.170.147 (talk) 15:17, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

 * If we know the curvatures of any three mutually tangent circles in an Apollonian gasket then we can use repeated applications of Descartes' theorem to construct the whole gasket. And if any four mutually tangent circles in the gasket have integer curvatures, then all circles in the gasket will have integer curvatures. We can characterise each gasket by giving the curvature of the outermost circle (this will be negative) and the curvatures of the two largest circles inside the gasket - so we have a triplet [-a, b, c] where 0 < a < b ≤ c. Given a, we can place an upper limit on b, which is

 * $$b \le a \left( 1 + \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} \right)$$

 * and, given a and b, there is also an upper limit on c. So if we require a, b and c to be integers, then there are a finite number of possibile triplets [-a, b, c] for each value of a. Furthermore, if we require the next circle (and hence the whole gasket) to have an integer curvature also, then bc − ab − ac must be a square number. So for each value of a we can test the finite number of possibilities for b and c to find those for which bc − ab − ac is a square number. This gives us a way of systematically generating all integer gaskets. I think the list in the article is exhaustive up to a = 15.
 * To answer your second question, [2,3,6,23] and [-1,2,2,3] generate the same gasket because, applying Descartes' theorem to [2,3,6], we have
 * $$ k_4 = k_1 + k_2 + k_3 \pm 2 \sqrt{k_1 k_2 + k_2 k_3 + k_3 k_1} = 2+3+6 \pm 2\sqrt{36}=-1 \text{ or } 23$$
 * Gandalf61 (talk) 13:11, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that, Gandalf61. My guess is that all possible packings could also be accounted for by proceeding in some fashion from the simplest packing [1,1,0,0]and reflecting each curvature in turn. Perhaps a tree structure is the result?  On the Hausdorff dimension calculation can you say what values for N,S one should use in the this equation?   $$D= \frac{\ln N}{\ln S}\approx 1.3057...$$.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.253.170.147 (talk) 05:19, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

types
Hi. Can apollonian gaskets be divided in types like : ? --Adam majewski (talk) 18:37, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
 * integral
 * super integral
 * nested
 * non-integral

Interactive JavaScript demo
I created an interactive JavaScript demo at http://www.jasondavies.com/apollonian-gasket/ but I couldn't add the link to the External Links section due to potential conflict of interest. Can someone review it and add if appropriate? Thanks! Jason Davies (talk) 13:42, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

 * very nice effort! 124.170.34.249 (talk) 02:14, 6 August 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Special case (0,0,1,1) and reference to Ford Circles
I'm surprised not to see a picture of the special case (0,0,1,1), and it's relationship to Ford Circles. Is there any objection to adding one, for example, as in figure 2 of this article http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~ronspubs/03_02_appolonian.pdf ? The figure shown in the article is similar to the one shown on the Ford Circle page, but has more circles and is, I think, more clear. If there are no objections, I will (eventually) create the picture and add a description somewhere in the section on integral packings. Nilesj (talk) 19:53, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I have done this now. Nilesj (talk) 16:47, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

General construction
"(in the general construction, these three circles have to be different sizes, and they must have a common tangent)"   I'm not an expert, but shouldn't that be  "three circles may be different sizes" ? Chris2crawford (talk) 13:41, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

Add: The Local-Global Conjecture for Apollonian circle packings is false
I'd love to see this article worked in with a nicely-explained example: The Local-Global Conjecture for Apollonian circle packings is false

https://www.quantamagazine.org/two-students-unravel-a-widely-believed-math-conjecture-20230810/ ★NealMcB★ (talk) 20:53, 12 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apollonian gasket


text:
Bob Schieffer

Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist. He is known for his moderation of presidential debates, where he has been praised for his capability. Schieffer is one of the few journalists to have covered all four of the major Washington national assignments: the White House, the Pentagon, United States Department of State, and United States Congress. His career with CBS has almost exclusively dealt with national politics. He has interviewed every United States President since Richard Nixon, as well as most of those who sought the office.

Schieffer has been with CBS News since 1969, serving as the anchor on the Saturday edition of CBS Evening News for 20 years, from 1976 to 1996, as well as the Chief Washington Correspondent from 1982 until 2015, and moderator of the Sunday public affairs show, Face the Nation, from 1991 until May 31, 2015. From March 10, 2005, to August 31, 2006, Schieffer was interim weekday anchor of CBS Evening News, and was one of the primary substitutes for Katie Couric and Scott Pelley.

Following his retirement from Face the Nation, Schieffer has continued to work for CBS as a contributor, making many appearances on air giving political commentary covering the 2016 presidential election. Schieffer is currently releasing episodes of a new podcast, "Bob Schieffer's 'About the News' with H. Andrew Schwartz".

Schieffer has written three books about his career in journalism: Face the Nation: My Favorite Stories from the First 50 Years of the Award-Winning News Broadcast, This Just In: What I Couldn't Tell You on TV, and Bob Schieffer's America. He co-authored a book about Ronald Reagan, The Acting President, with Gary Paul Gates, that was published in 1989. In his memoir, This Just In, Schieffer credits the fact he was a beat reporter at CBS for his longevity at the network.

Schieffer has won virtually every award in broadcast journalism, including eight Emmys, the overseas Press Club Award, the Paul White Award presented by the TV News Directors Association, and the Edward R. Murrow Award given by Murrow's alma mater, Washington State University.

Shieffer was inducted into the Broadcasting & Cable Hall of Fame in 2002, and inducted into the National Academy of Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame in 2013. He was named a living legend by the Library of Congress in 2008.

Schieffer is currently serving as the Walter Shorenstein Media and Democracy Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center.

Early life
Schieffer was born on February 25, 1937, in Austin, Texas, to John Emmitt Schieffer and Gladys Payne Schieffer, and grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. He is an alumnus of North Side High School, and received a B.A. in journalism and English in 1959 from Texas Christian University (TCU). In university he was a member of the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps and the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. The College of Communication at TCU was renamed in Bob Schieffer's honor in 2013.

Early career
After graduating from TCU, Schieffer served in the United States Air Force for three years as a public information officer stationed at Travis Air Force Base and later McChord Air Force Base. He was honorably discharged and joined the Fort Worth Star-Telegram as a reporter, with one of his key assignments being a trip to Vietnam to profile soldiers from the Fort Worth area. Schieffer was the first reporter from a Texas newspaper who reported from Vietnam.

It was at the Star Telegram that he received his first major journalistic recognition when John Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Shortly after President Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas, Schieffer was in the Star-Telegram office and received a telephone call from a woman in search of a ride to Dallas. The woman was Marguerite Oswald, Lee Harvey Oswald's mother, whom he accompanied to the Dallas police station, where he spent the next several hours. In the company of Oswald's mother, Marguerite, and his wife, Marina, he was able to use the phone in the police station to call in dispatches from other Star-Telegram reporters in the building. This enabled the Star-Telegram to create four "Extra" editions on the day of the assassination. Schieffer later joined the Star-Telegram's television station, WBAP-TV in Fort Worth, before taking a job with CBS in 1969.

CBS Broadcasting career
Schieffer was anchor of the CBS Sunday Night News from 1973 to 1974, the CBS Sunday Evening News in 1976, and of the Saturday Evening News broadcast for twenty years from 1976 until 1996. He also anchored the weekday CBS morning show at the time called "Morning", which was titled in accordance to the day of the week (Monday Morning, Tuesday Morning, etc.) from 1979 to 1980. One of his best known roles was as moderator of the Sunday public affairs show, Face the Nation, from 1991 until May 31, 2015. Schieffer was also known for his reporting duties. Between 1970 and 1974, he was assigned to the Pentagon. From 1974 to 1979, he was the White House correspondent for CBS, and in 1982 he became Chief Washington Correspondent, in addition to his anchor duties.

In the wake of Dan Rather's controversial retirement, he was named interim anchor for the weekday CBS Evening News. He assumed that job on March 10, 2005, the day following Rather's last broadcast.

Under Schieffer, the CBS Evening News gained about 200,000 viewers, to average 7.7 million viewers, reversing some of the decline in ratings that occurred during Rather's tenure; while NBC Nightly News was down by 700,000 viewers, and ABC's World News Tonight lost 900,000. Schieffer closed the gap with ABC's World News Tonight when co-anchor Bob Woodruff was injured in late January 2006.

Schieffer made his last CBS Evening News broadcast on August 31, 2006, and was replaced by Katie Couric. On Couric's second broadcast, he returned to provide segments for the evening news as chief Washington correspondent. Schieffer was also a substitute anchor for Couric and Scott Pelley when he became anchor of the evening news in June 2011.

On October 13, 2004, Schieffer was the moderator of the third presidential debate between President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry in Tempe, Arizona. On October 15, 2008, Schieffer moderated the third presidential debate between Senator Barack Obama and Senator John McCain at Hofstra University in Uniondale, New York. Schieffer also moderated the third debate of the presidential candidates in 2012, between President Obama and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, on October 22, in Boca Raton, Florida.

In 2013, Schieffer won the National Association of Broadcasters Distinguished Service Award and the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism.

Retirement from broadcasting
On April 8, 2015, Schieffer announced his intention to retire as host of Face the Nation while speaking at his alma mater, Texas Christian University. Schieffer departed after working in journalism for 52 years, 46 of those years with CBS. On the April 12 broadcast of the program, he announced that John Dickerson, the political director for CBS, would succeed him, beginning in June 2015.

As he prepared to retire from Face The Nation, Schieffer reflected on the acclaim that came his way during the latter stages of his career. "The interesting thing about my life — a lot of the recognition I got was after most people retired," he told The New York Times, going on to add, "I think that people just became familiar with me just because I had been there and others had come and gone."

Schieffer's final broadcast as moderator of Face the Nation was on May 31, 2015.

Singing career
Since leaving the anchor desk at CBS Evening News in 2006, Schieffer has entertained his longstanding interest in songwriting by collaborating with musicians in New York and Washington, D.C. His latest efforts have resulted in four songs with the Washington area band, Honky Tonk Confidential, all of which appear on their CD, Road Kill Stew and Other News (with Special Guest Bob Schieffer). Schieffer sings "TV Anchorman", and wrote the lyrics for the other songs.

Personal life
Schieffer married Patricia Penrose in 1967; they have two daughters and three granddaughters.

Schieffer is the older brother of Tom Schieffer, a long time Texas state legislator and friend and former business partner of President George W. Bush, who was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Australia from 2001 to 2005 by President Bush, and served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 2005 through 2009. In 2009, Tom Schieffer campaigned for the Democratic nomination for governor but withdrew from the race on November 23, 2009, citing an inability to raise enough cash to fund an effective campaign.

Schieffer has a sister, Sharon Schieffer Mayes, who is a retired teacher and school administrator who taught science for 17 years before becoming the Vice Principal of Dunbar High School in Fort Worth, Texas. Sharon Mayes eventually became the high school principal at Keller High School at a time when only 2 percent of the principals in the largest high schools in Texas were women.

Schieffer is a survivor of grade III bladder cancer. He was diagnosed in 2003 and has been cancer-free since 2004. He has been diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes, and is on insulin therapy.

Popular culture
After fellow CBS newscaster and Texan Dan Rather was switched from the White House beat to hosting the documentary show, CBS Reports, in 1974, the October 13, 1974, edition of the Doonesbury comic strip featured a joking fantasy scene in which Schieffer, his successor, haltingly comments on the transition: "It was the affiliates – they just couldn't take him. I mean let's face it, Dan wasn't exactly MR. TACT!. I dunno.... Maybe it's just as well in the long run, I mean, you know? Anyway, this is Robert Schieffer at the White House...." (Schieffer notes that "The strip was right on except for one thing. My real name is Bob, not Robert").

Schieffer had a cameo appearance beside Harrison Ford in the 2010 film, Morning Glory, along with his CBS News colleague Morley Safer as well as MSNBC's Chris Matthews. He also had a cameo appearance on television series Madam Secretary in the episode named "Face of Nation".

Career timeline
name=autogenerated1 />
 * 1973–1974: CBS Sunday Night News anchor
 * 1973–1996: 60 Minutes contributor
 * 1973–2005: CBS Evening News anchor (summer and weekend editions)
 * 1982 – 2015: CBS News Chief Washington correspondent
 * May 1991 – May 31, 2015: Face the Nation moderator
 * March 10, 2005 – August 31, 2006: CBS Evening News anchor
 * 2016–present: CBS News  contributor <ref

Publications

 * Good Show, President Reagan: The Acting President (1989) with Gary Paul Gates
 * This Just In: What I Couldn’t Tell You on TV (2003)
 * Face the Nation: My Favorite Stories from the First 50 Years of the Award-Winning News Broadcast (2004)
 * Bob Schieffer's America (2008)
 * Overload: Finding the Truth in Today's Deluge of News (2017) with H. Andrew Schwartz

title: Bob Schieffer


text:
Chiwaukum Mountains

The Chiwaukum Mountains are a north–south mountain range in central Washington, United States. They stretch from Snowgrass Mountain at 47.68333°N, -120.93333°W, to 47.75°N, -120.9°W.

The mountains are made of schist, part of the Nason terrane. The original rock in the Nason terrane was laid down 210 Myr ago. The terrane then smashed into the western coastline of the continent, and the Mount Stuart batholith intruded into it in the late Cretaceous. The intrusion of the granitic rock metamorphosed the rock into schist.

In July 2014, the lightning-caused Chiwaukum Creek Fire burned the east flank of the Chiwaukum Mountains.

Partial list of peaks:
 * Big Chiwaukum		   – 8,081' (2463m) – 47.70239°N, -120.93466°W
 * Snowgrass Mountain	– 7,993' (2436m) – 47.68373°N, -120.93593°W
 * Big Lou	– 7,780' (2370m) – 47.63923°N, -120.84748°W
 * Big Jim Mountain		– 7,765' (2367m) – 47.66206°N, -120.83037°W
 * Ladies Peak	– 7,708' (2349m) – 47.66555°N, -120.93313°W
 * Grindstone Mountain	– 7,533' (2296m) – 47.63665°N, -120.9133°W
 * Cape Horn	– 7,316' (2230m) – 47.65721°N, -120.91791°W
 * Bulls Tooth		   – 6,840' (2080m) – 47.68263°N, -121.00389°W

Nearby peaks:
 * Jim Hill Mountain	   – 6,765' (2062m) – 47.73789°N, -121.00649°W
 * Arrowhead Mountain	   – 6,020' (1835m) – 47.75775°N, -120.96564°W
 * Cowboy Mountain		– 5,853' (1784m) – 47.73233°N, -121.09871°W

title: Chiwaukum Mountains


text:
Stuart Range

The Stuart Range is a mountain range in central Washington, United States. The range lies within the eastern extent of the Cascade Range immediately southwest of Leavenworth and runs east–west. The western peaks make up a single sharp ridge. The eastern half of the range splits into two parallel ridges, the northern of which is known as the Enchantment Peaks. Between these ridges lies the Enchantment Basin, which holds the dozens of tarns known as the Enchantment Lakes. Collectively, the basin and the encircling eastern peaks of the Stuart Range make up The Enchantments, a well-known backpacking destination. The south face of the Stuart Range falls off steeply to Ingalls Creek, beyond which rise the roughly parallel Wenatchee Mountains.

Partial list of peaks
A list of notable peaks is below. Within each subsection, peaks are ordered as nearly as possible from west to east.

Western peaks

 * Mount Stuart - 9209 ft - 47.47512°N, -120.90314°W
 * Sherpa Peak - 8478 ft - 47.47206°N, -120.8887°W
 * Argonaut Peak - 8369 ft - 47.47012°N, -120.86148°W
 * Colchuck Peak - 8507 ft - 47.47706°N, -120.84509°W
 * Dragontail Peak - 8809 ft - 47.47873°N, -120.83342°W

Eastern peaks of south ridge

 * Witches Tower - 8520 ft - 47.47659°N, -120.82555°W
 * Little Annapurna - 8458 ft - 47.46817°N, -120.81453°W
 * McClellan Peak - 8225 ft - 47.46984°N, -120.7862°W
 * Rocket Peak - 7375 ft - 47.46845°N, -120.77018°W
 * Gremlin Peak - 7250 ft - 47.47109°N, -120.76384°W

Enchantment Peaks (eastern peaks of north ridge)

 * Colchuck Balanced Rock - 8200 ft+ - 47.49145°N, -120.81879°W
 * Cannon Mountain - 8579 ft - 47.50262°N, -120.80203°W
 * Enchantment Peak - 8520 ft+ - 47.48761°N, -120.80638°W
 * Prusik Peak - 7858 ft - 47.48734°N, -120.78425°W
 * The Temple - 8035 ft - 47.4904°N, -120.76898°W

Geology
The Mount Stuart batholith underlies the Stuart Range and the nearby Wenatchee Mountains. The batholith is about 13 by 16 miles in extent. Two plutonic masses are separated by a thin screen of Chiwaukum Schist and rocks of the Ingalls Complex. The more-eastern pluton is 93 million years old, while the more-western rock mass is between 83 and 86 million years old. Exposed rock tends to be quartz diorite and granodiorite.

The range sits near a convergent plate boundary where one plate overrides another. In Western Washington, the North American plate overrides the Juan de Fuca plate, resulting in both volcanic and seismic activity. This convergence has been ongoing for over 200 million years. Continuing uplift and erosion has exposed the underlying granite batholith, making for one of the more spectacular mountain ranges in Washington.

title: Stuart Range


text:
User:CWood

My name is Christie and I live in Calgary, Alberta. I am originally from just outside Winnipeg, Manitoba, lived in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan for five years and am a recent migrant to Calgary. I am also recently married to a slightly obsessed Wiki admin, User:JamesTeterenko

I have a BA (Advanced) in History and completed a MA in History (Archival Studies) from the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba in November 2004.

I have an interest in Western Canadian history, especially the history of the fur trade.

title: User:CWood


text:
User talk:CWood

ClockworkTroll 02:55, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Re: Thanks for the Welcome
Thanks a bunch --CWood 15:30, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * My pleasure! ClockworkTroll 15:32, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

New pic
Check out the pic of Peter Lorre

New template
Hi, I just wanted to let you know about a handy new template I created.

expands to:

*Biography at the Canadian Dictionary of Biography Online

You can use it with subst: to avoid the small server hit associated with templates. P.S. thanks for the Trial of Louis Riel article! Fawcett5 16:01, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Louis Riel again
Hi Christine, just a quick heads up that Louis Riel has been scheduled for the front page! The article will appear on May 13. We'll have to keep an especially vigilant watch for vandalism that day and for maybe a day or two following. Thanks for your many contributions, and congratulations! Cheers, Fawcett5 13:43, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Northwest Territories Act of 1880
Christie, its nice to have a real historian around here... thanks for clarifying. Fawcett5 15:41, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright
Thank you for uploading Image:St.CatherineofAlexandria.jpg and for stating the source. However, its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. If it is open content or public domain, please give proof of this on the image page. If the image is fair use, please provide a rationale. Thank you.
 * Christie, I've taken care of this (and congratulations by the way, James told me your news). Since its from the 14th century, I somehow doubt that copyright is much of a concern. Fawcett5 21:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Fawcett!! I'm in the land of dial-up internet this week so can't check in very much. Hopefully I'll be back to Wiki-ing next week. CWood 20:29, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Copyright info
See Copyright problems for how to deal with copyright problems. -- JamesTeterenko 04:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada page as living in or being associated with Saskatchewan. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Saskatchewan for instructions.--Rmky87 20:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

About Rocky View and Calgary Region related articles
Hello CWood, I hope my message reaches you. I am totally new to Wikipedia (started with article entries/enhancements on Monday, May 8th)... Thank you for the edits and changes to the information I've worked on to date. I'm getting the hang of things as I see other articles, edits and contributions. Your expertise and commitment to quality Wikipedia articles is much appreciated! Cheers! Economicdevelopment 12:26, 12 May 2006

Thanks
I appreciate your adding Manning to the BJU page. --John Foxe 20:00, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Red River Frame, needs cited sources
I came across the Red River Frame article you had created and found it to be an interesting stub. Unfortunately, there were no cited sources in the article and I was therefore tempted to nominate it for deletion. If you can find some citations to support the content, even one, it would be greatly appreciated. Alan.ca 09:12, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Louis Riel
Thank you for your additions on this article to help bring it to feature article status. Do you know of other editors who worked on this article, to let them know....

Louis Riel has been nominated for a featured article review. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. Please leave your comments and help us to return the article to featured quality. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, articles are moved onto the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Remove" the article from featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Reviewers' concerns are here. I am in the process of adding inline citations to help the review process...Can you also help out..? SriMesh | talk  02:25, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

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MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Szabo

ClockworkTroll 02:56, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

User:67.53.75.44
Every edit credited to that IP in over a month has been vandalism. I think you'll have a hard time convincing an administrator to lift a block so well earned. There comes a point where certain schoolboys should be consumers and not producers of encyclopedia articles, and innocents unfortunately get caught in the block. --Kbh3rd talk 20:31, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

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Jacuzzi

Jacuzzi is an American private company that manufactures and markets hot tubs, pools, and other bath products. It is best known for the Jacuzzi hydrotherapy products. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California. It is the largest hot tub manufacturer in Europe with eight factories, the largest being in Italy.

The company was founded in 1915 by seven brothers from the Jacuzzi family in Berkeley, California. It developed a variety of products including pumps for agricultural use. In 1948, Jacuzzi created water pumps to treat a family member's rheumatoid arthritis. The water pumps were a niche medical product until they were integrated into a recreational hot tub in 1968. As the popularity of hot tubs grew, Jacuzzi created more models that were more advanced. Jacuzzi was family-run until 1979, after which it then changed hands several times, before being bought by its current owner Investindustrial in 2019.

The Associated Press Stylebook lists Jacuzzi as a trademark brand for products like hot tubs, whirlpool spas, and whirlpool baths and it may not be legal to use the name in a commercial context without permission.

Beginnings
Jacuzzi was founded by seven brothers in the Jacuzzi family: Giocondo, Frank, Rachele, Candido, Joseph, Gelindo and Valeriano, who were from Casarsa della Delizia in northern Italy. Their original last name was Iacuzzi, but when the first two brothers immigrated from Italy to the US in 1907, immigration staff misspelt their name as "Jacuzzi". All seven brothers had immigrated by 1910. More family members immigrated to the U.S. when the brothers won a contract to provide propellers to the U.S. for World War I planes.

Jacuzzi began as a machining company. The brothers worked on a citrus farm owned by an early aviation inventor. They offered to help develop aviation products, creating an early wood propeller that was curved instead of flat and was used in World War I. One of the first propellers they made is now either in storage at or on loan from the Smithsonian Institution. They also developed one of the first fully-enclosed cabins for airplanes, called the Jacuzzi J-7, which was used to transport mail.

In 1921, a mail plane crashed, killing all of the passengers on board, including Giocondo Jacuzzi. The brothers subsequently abandoned the aviation industry and experimented with several other products, the first successful one being a water pump created by Rachele Jacuzzi in 1926. The product line expanded into a variety of pumps.

Hydrotherapy
In 1948, Candido Jacuzzi developed an improved full body hydrotherapy pump, the J-300, to treat his son's (Ken Jacuzzi) rheumatoid arthritis between hospital visits, after noting his positive response the smaller Hubbard tank at the Herrick hospital in Berkeley. He patented the pump in 1952 and began marketing it between 1955 and 1956 as a therapeutic aid. The pump was a portable device that could turn any regular bathtub into a spa.

From 1968, a whirlpool bath was produced, which included jets that mixed air and water. This product (called the Roman Bath) was developed by Roy Jacuzzi, a 3rd-generation member of the family. This is considered the first whirlpool tub designed for relaxation, rather than for medical use. Jacuzzi used celebrity Jayne Mansfield and others to market the tubs, which initially gained popularity among Hollywood movie stars. In the 1970s, Jacuzzi products were featured on Queen for a Day and other TV shows and grew in popularity in California. The company started developing larger models that could fit more than one person. They also added filters and heaters, so the tub didn't need to be drained with each use. From 1970, family-sized spas were producted.

By 1989, Jacuzzi had 2,200 employees. Initially, Jacuzzi primarily sold through contractors and builders, but in 1993 it started selling through retailers. In the 1990s Jacuzzi entered markets outside the US, especially in Italy and Spain. By the end of the 1990s, half of its sales were outside the US.

Jacuzzi was influential in the trend towards larger and more luxurious bathrooms.

Changes in ownership
By 1979, there were 257 Jacuzzi family members involved in the Jacuzzi brand and there was a growing number of disputes among them. Then the business was acquired by Kidde for $70 million. Most of the Jacuzzi family members left the company, except Roy Jacuzzi, who stayed on as the head of the hot tub and bath division. In 1987, Kidde was acquired by Hanson PLC. In 1995 Hanson spun off Jacuzzi and other brands into a public company called U.S. Industries. USI renamed itself Jacuzzi Brands in 2003. This was in turn bought out by Apollo Management, and then by Investindustrial in 2019.

Acquisitions since the 1990s have included Haugh Products (above-ground pools), Sundance Spas, Gatsby Spas, Zurn Industries (toilets, sinks), Hydropool (hot tubs), Liners Direct (bath products), BathWraps (shower and bathtub renovation). In the 1990s, Jacuzzi had taken on too much debt and sold more than $600 million worth of businesses. The business segment producing industrial, irrigation, well water, submersible, and centrifugal systems was sold to Franklin Electric in 2004. The plumbing division, Zurn Industries, was sold in 2007 for $950 million. Current brands include ThermoSpas, Sundance Spas, and Dimension One.

title: Jacuzzi


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User talk:0101WUky

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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ClockworkTroll 02:57, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky

Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky (8 March 1860 – 27 February 1928) was a German diplomat who served as ambassador to Britain during the July Crisis and who was the author of a 1916 pamphlet that deplored German diplomacy in mid-1914 which, he argued, contributed heavily to the outbreak of the First World War.

Pre-1914 life and career
He was the sixth Prince and eighth Count Lichnowsky. He succeeded his father in 1901. His father was Carl, Prince Lichnowsky (1819–1901), fifth Prince and seventh Count Lichnowsky, a general of cavalry, and his mother was Marie, Princess of Croy (1837–1915). He was the head of an old noble Bohemian family, possessing estates at Kuchelna, then in Austrian Silesia, and Grätz in Moravia (present Hradec nad Moravicí, Czech Republic). As a hereditary member of the upper house of the Prussian Diet for the Free Conservative Party, Lichnowsky played a part in domestic politics, adopting in general a moderate attitude and deprecating partisan legislation. Though a Roman Catholic, he avoided identifying himself with the clerical party in Germany.

Entering the diplomatic service, Lichnowsky was appointed an attaché at the London embassy in 1885 and later served as legation secretary at Bucharest. He became German Ambassador to Austria-Hungary in 1902, replacing Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg, but was forced into retirement in 1904, accused of too much independence from the Foreign Office after several conflicts with Friedrich von Holstein, head of the Office's political division. In 1904, he married Countess Mechtilde von Arco-Zinneberg (1879–1958).

He spent eight years in retirement, as his memoirs relate, "on my farm and in my garden, on horseback and in the fields, but reading industriously and publishing occasional political articles." For several years, newspaper rumour in Germany had connected the name Lichnowsky with practically every important diplomatic post that became vacant, and even with the Imperial chancellorship. No official appointment was forthcoming, however, beyond the designation of privy councilor (German: Wirklicher Geheimrat) in 1911.

In 1912, Lichnowsky was appointed ambassador to the United Kingdom, in which post he served until the outbreak of war in 1914. Soon after his appointment, he filed a report on a conversation with Lord Haldane, British secretary of state for war. In it, Haldane had made clear that Britain could go to war if Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia and Germany attacked France. The report was said to have infuriated Kaiser Wilhelm II.

The 1914 Crisis
During the July Crisis of 1914, Lichnowsky was the only German diplomat who raised objections to Germany's efforts to provoke an Austro-Serbian war, arguing that Britain would intervene in a continental war. On 25 July, he implored the German government to accept an offer of British mediation in the Austro-Serbian dispute. On 27 July, he followed with a cable arguing that Germany could not win a continental war. This cable was not shown to Kaiser Wilhelm II. A cable on 28 July relayed an offer from King George V to hold a conference of European ambassadors to avoid general war. A final cable on 29 July to the German Foreign Office stated simply "if war breaks out it will be the greatest catastrophe the world has ever seen." These warnings went unheeded, and by the time the final cable reached Berlin, Austrian troops were already bombarding Belgrade.

On Britain's declaration of war on 4 August 1914, Lichnowsky returned to Germany. So highly was he thought of, a British military guard of honour saluted his departure – a rare privilege in the circumstances.

His 1916 pamphlet
His privately printed pamphlet, My Mission to London 1912–1914, circulated in German upper-class circles in 1916, accused his government of failing to support him in efforts to avert World War I; its 1917 publication in the United States led to his expulsion from the Prussian House of Lords. In 1918, the renamed "Lichnowsky Memorandum" was published in The Disclosures from Germany (New York: American Association for International Conciliation, 1918). It was also published in the Danish journal Politiken in March 1918, from which a British copy was published by Cassell & Co., later in 1918, with a preface by Professor Gilbert Murray.

The pamphlet mainly covers the period 1912–1914, and occasionally back to 1900. Lichnowsky deplored the German alliance with Austria-Hungary (though he owned land in Austria and had served as a diplomat in Vienna), feeling that it inevitably pulled German diplomacy into Balkan crises and tensions with Russia, without any compensating benefits to Germany with its new industries, trade and colonies. "This is a return to the days of the Holy Roman Empire and the mistakes of the Hohenstaufens and Habsburgs," he wrote.

The Kaiser had commented on 31 July 1914 about an encircling British diplomacy during the crisis: "For I no longer have any doubt that England, Russia and France have agreed among themselves, knowing that our treaty obligations compel us to support Austria-Hungary, to use the Austro-Serb conflict as a pretext for waging a war of annihilation against us. ... Our dilemma over keeping faith with the old and honourable Emperor has been exploited to create a situation which gives England the excuse she has been seeking to annihilate us with a spurious appearance of justice on the pretext that she is helping France and maintaining the well-known Balance of Power in Europe, i.e. playing off all European States for her own benefit against us."

In contrast, Lichnowsky outlined how the British foreign minister Sir Edward Grey had helped, with two treaties, on dividing the Portuguese Empire and establishing the Berlin–Baghdad railway, and had supported Germany's policy in the resolution of the Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913 that excluded Russia. Britain had held back from declaring war until 4 August, after Belgium had been invaded, yet in a telegram sent to him from Berlin on 1 August: "... England was already mentioned as an opponent..."

Lichnowsky summed up his view on blame for the outbreak of war, and the failure of diplomacy, in three main points:

 * "We [Germany] encouraged Count Berchtold [Austrian foreign minister] to attack Serbia, although German interests were not involved and the danger of a world-war must have been known to us. Whether we were aware of the wording of the [Austrian] Ultimatum is completely immaterial."
 * Between 23 and 30 July, Sergey Sazonov, the Russian foreign minister, having declared that Russia would not tolerate an attack on Serbia, all attempts to mediate the crisis were rebuffed by Germany. In the meantime, Serbia had replied to the Austrian ultimatum and Berchtold was "content ... with the Serbian reply".
 * "On the 30th July, when Berchtold wanted to come to terms (with Serbia]), we sent an ultimatum to Petrograd [Russia], merely because of the Russian mobilisation, although Austria was not attacked; and on the 31st July we declared war on Russia, although the Czar pledged his word that he would not order a man to march (against Germany), as long as negotiations were proceeding – thus deliberately destroying the possibility of a peaceful settlement."

"In view of the above, undeniable, facts, it is no wonder that the whole of the civilised world outside Germany places the entire responsibility for the world war upon our shoulders."

At the pamphlet's end, he forecasts that the Central Powers were doomed to lose World War I, and says: "The world will belong to the Anglo-Saxons, Russians and Japanese." The German role, he wrote, "will be that of thought and commerce, not that of the bureaucrat and soldier. (Germany) made its appearance too late, and its last chance of making good the past, that of founding a Colonial Empire, was annihilated by the world war."

The pamphlet heavily influenced the minds of the French and British politicians who promulgated the Versailles Peace Treaty in 1919.

Comments
In his column in the 11 May 1918 issue of Illustrated London News, G. K. Chesterton would note:

 * And, what is worse, the spirit of this cheerless impudence has sometimes spread and chilled the blood of better men. I have noticed it lately in the last stiff pose of people who still try the stale game of blaming everybody for the war, long after the Lichnowsky revelations and the peace imposed on Russia have quite finally fixed the blame.

The latter refers to the harsh terms the Germans imposed on Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in early March 1918. Chesterton was reminding his readers that, were Germany to win the war in the west, it would impose equally harsh terms on Belgium and France, in line with the 1914 Septemberprogramm.

Professor Murray summarised his 1918 foreword to the pamphlet with:
 * The cleaner our national conscience the keener surely will be our will to victory. The slower we were to give up the traditions of generosity and trustfulness that came from our long security, the firmer will be our resolution to hold out...

Lichnowsky was seen as a 'Good German' who had truthfully warned his government but had been ignored at the crucial moment.

Lichnowsky's viewpoint was largely followed by the controversial historian Fritz Fischer in his 1961 book Germany's Aims in the First World War.

Descendants

 * Wilhelm Dionysos Hermann Carl Max, 7th Prince and 9th Count Lichnowsky (b. 1905 – d. 1975), had three children:
 * Christiane Maria, Countess Lichnowsky (b. 1937 – d. 1980)
 * Felix Michael, 8th Prince and 10th Count Lichnowsky (b. 1940). had three sons:
 * Roberto, Count Lichnowsky (b. 1963)
 * Eduardo, Count Lichnowsky (b. 1964)
 * Ursula, Countess Lichnowsky (b. 1998)
 * Miguel (Michael or Michel), Count Lichnowsky (b. 1965) had one daughter:
 * Rui, Count Lichnowsky (b. 1996)
 * Luci Margit, Countess Lichnowsky (b. 1941), had two sons and two daughters:
 * Ferdinand Wilhelm, Ritter von Winterhalder (b. 1969)
 * Alexander Nikolaus, Ritter von Winterhalder (b. 1970)
 * Annabella Maria von Winterhalder (b. 1971)
 * Jasmin Maria von Winterhalder (b. 1978)
 * Leonore Marie Helene Leodine Mechtilde, Countess Lichnowsky (b. 1906 – d. 2002)
 * Michael Max Leopold Nikolaus, Count Lichnowsky (b. 1907)

title: Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky