text:
User talk:DimaY2K

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Hey there
Wonderful work on Russia-military related articles. Here is a barnstar:

Take care, Molotov (talk)  15:51, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

I was wondering to what of this rank? I added a similar image - but it is probably lost in Pandemonium about now. Molotov (talk)   16:25, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Fictional Russian Military Ranks
The actions of User:Roitr have become outrageous. He won't stop adding fictional ranks and arbitrary suggestions to the above article, and he also created similar confusion in Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation, Air Force ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation and Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation (and maybe somewhere else as well). He just doesn't seem to care about our comments, and even after I've reverted the contents several times, he continues his disbehaviour. What actions are to be taken now - mediation, arbitration etc.? Peace, --DmitryKo 19:54, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm feeling like starting a little revert war. Should be funny. --DmitryKo 02:36, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * As per Wikipedia:Resolving disputes, I posted a request for a third opinion on Wikipedia:Wikiquette alerts, so some other party may come and voice an opinion. Fell free to Request for comment as well if you wish! If Riotr remains unconviced then I'll ask to make it a Wikipedia:Protected page and then pass the issue over to Wikipedia:Mediation over. If all this fails, then Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration will be the the last measure. ;) --DmitryKo 17:38, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I have just noticed his actions from a month ago. I proposed that those images be deleted, this is outrageous. ε  γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  22:30, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

User: Roitr
Thank you, for helping me combat his vandalism. I am currently warning him and I am also trying to collect all his sockpuppets in one place, and see to it that he be banned. Thanks. ε γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  20:07, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Perfect for you, Military ranks of the Soviet Union : )

Military ranks
Encyclopedist, you forgut to add Chief Marshal of aviation to the table. Also there was no such rank o General of aviation, only Marshal of aviation, which was equal to General of the Army. And again there were no such ranks as Podpraporschik and Bootsman, Lyotchik translates from russian as pilot which can't be a rank of private. --DimaY2K 21:07, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * You are better at this than I am! Most of this was from Russian military ranks page, though. ε  γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  21:23, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * According to that website, they got rid of Chief Marshal of the Air Force, and plus this rank is supposed to show ranks from 1988-1991. I think that rank went out in 1984. Please help! ε  γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  21:24, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It is shown optionally as Marshal or General of aviation, I am confused. Any changes that you could make are wholeheartedly welcomed. I must seem like an idiot : ( ε  γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  21:26, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

I am really confused now, I tried to stay in the bounds :-) ε γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  21:31, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Re:Russian lenguage
Hi, I noticed that you wrote to me about ten minutes ago about the translation service: well, I don't speak Russian so the help would be great. As an additional note, you should know that it is language not lenguage. ε γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  21:29, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, I am sort of confused - it seems Tt1 knew what he was talking about regarding some things. Я угадываю я должно выучить русского для того чтобы мочь связывать с вами. How much времени делает я потратить для того чтобы выучить русского? Я люблю вас! ε  γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  19:25, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

See my message on User talk:Encyclopedist! --DmitryKo 21:56, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, it looks like the message was lost... rewrote it again. --DmitryKo 23:00, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Tt1
Are you talking about when I told him to take two dimes and call someone who gives a damn? Yeah, wasn't the best thing to say - and I am pretty sure that it is on the brink of the civility rules, but his attitude and misinterpretation of information is really really getting annoying. I am pretty sure anyone would get sick of a menace pretty quickly, so I did. Sorry about that, I hope you aren't upset with me for losing my temper. Maybe I should take 3 or 4 days off of Wikipedia, because his vandalism is just awful. I also want to extend my apologies to you for having to deal with him, apparently some people never learn. ε γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  20:56, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Roitr aka Tt1 and his new bots
Here's a (incomplete) list: Sergeybakh, Markdanil , 88.152.186.13 , 88.155.49.240 , 88.152.104.167, 88.154.8.154

And just look how he claims that I'm your sockpuppet ! Jesus Christ... --DmitryKo 20:50, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Sockpuppet activity center

 * I suggest reporting any suspicious activity to User:Roitr/sockpuppetry so new bots and IPs can be tracked and banned on sight. --DmitryKo 23:15, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Hey Dima!
Greetings from Down Under. I think WP:MILHIST needs to have a discussion about comparisons between Russian Ground Forces and U.S. Army ranks, and then we should change the page so that both versions are mentioned.

Please help me try and understand what you think about this. Am I correct that you think the below is correct
 * Russian Marshal of the RF = (?)
 * Russian General of the Army = U.S. General of the Armies (plural) (George Washington's rank)
 * Russian General Colonel = U.S. General (full four star)
 * Russian General Lieutenant = U.S. Lieutenant General
 * Russian General Major = U.S. Major General
 * (?)            = U.S. Brigadier General
 * Russian Colonel = U.S. colonel

This is where I don't understand your explanation. What would a Marshal of the RF equal in U.S. terms? Or a U.S. Brig Gen.? However, if we move the Russian ranks 'down' one slot according to the table above, it all fits - and Scott and Scott, in the 'Armed Forces of the USSR', say this is correct.

I am not trying to abuse you, only to reach an understanding of what you believe is the correct comparison and why. I'll also copy this to the WP:MILHIST Rus & Sov TF wikipage. Cheers Buckshot06 18:52, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Upload the russian army ranks
Hi you know that images of your user page the army, air forces and navy ranks, i need to put it to spanish wikipedia but i can't please can you upload it for me Thanks, Cheers--Hjncfkdnmhbjk 03:48, 4 August 2007

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Government of Russia
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File:Insignia of the Air Force of the Russian Federation.jpg listed for deletion
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Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 29 September. Yours, Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 05:21, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

The Bugle: Issue CXV, October 2015
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The Bugle: Issue CXVI, November 2015
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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The Bugle: Issue CXVII, December 2015
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The Bugle: Issue CXVIII, January 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXIX, February 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXX, March 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXXI, April 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXXII, May–June 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXXIII, July 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXXIV, August 2016
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The Bugle: Issue CXXV, September 2016
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User group for Military Historians
Greetings,

"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations open
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Have your say!
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Nominations now open for "Military historian of the year" and "Military history newcomer of the year" awards
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Voting now open for "Military historian of the year" and "Military history newcomer of the year" awards
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Backlog Banzai
In the month of September, Wikiproject Military history is running a project-wide edit-a-thon, Backlog Banzai. There are heaps of different areas you can work on, for which you claim points, and at the end of the month all sorts of whiz-bang awards will be handed out. Every player wins a prize! There is even a bit of friendly competition built in for those that like that sort of thing. Sign up now at WikiProject Military history/September 2019 Backlog Banzai to take part. For the coordinators, Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 08:18, 22 August 2019 (UTC)

Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations open
Nominations for the upcoming project coordinator election are now open. A team of up to ten coordinators will be elected for the next year. The project coordinators are the designated points of contact for issues concerning the project, and are responsible for maintaining our internal structure and processes. They do not, however, have any authority over article content or editor conduct, or any other special powers. More information on being a coordinator is available here. If you are interested in running, please sign up here by 23:59 UTC on 14 September! Voting doesn't commence until 15 September. If you have any questions, you can contact any member of the coord team. Cheers, Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 02:37, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

Milhist coordinator election voting has commenced
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election half-way mark
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March Madness 2020
G'day all, March Madness 2020 is about to get underway, and there is bling aplenty for those who want to get stuck into the backlog by way of tagging, assessing, updating, adding or improving resources and creating articles. If you haven't already signed up to participate, why not? The more the merrier! Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 08:19, 29 February 2020 (UTC) for the coord team

Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations open
Nominations for the upcoming project coordinator election are now open. A team of up to ten coordinators will be elected for the next year. The project coordinators are the designated points of contact for issues concerning the project, and are responsible for maintaining our internal structure and processes. They do not, however, have any authority over article content or editor conduct, or any other special powers. More information on being a coordinator is available here. If you are interested in running, please sign up here by 23:59 UTC on 14 September! Voting doesn't commence until 15 September. If you have any questions, you can contact any member of the coord team. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 02:04, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Milhist coordinator election voting has commenced
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Nominations for the 2020 Military history WikiProject Newcomer and Historian of the Year awards now open
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Voting for "Military Historian of the Year" and "Military history newcomer of the year" closing
G'day all, voting for the WikiProject Military history "Military Historian of the Year" and "Military history newcomer of the year" is about to close, so if you haven't already, click on the links and have your say before 23:59 (GMT) on 30 December! Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 23:34, 28 December 2020 (UTC) for the coord team

April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive and create a worklist at WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:23, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations open
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nomination period closing soon
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WikiProject Military history coordinator election voting has commenced
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election voting period closing soon
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Survey about History on Wikipedia
I am Petros Apostolopoulos, a Ph.D. candidate in Public History at North Carolina State University. My Ph.D. project examines how historical knowledge is produced on Wikipedia. You must be 18 years of age or older, reside in the United States to participate in this study. If you are interested in participating in my research study by offering your own experience of writing about history on Wikipedia, you can click on this link https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9z4wmR1cIp0qBH8. There are minimal risks involved in this research.

If you have any questions, please let me know. Petros Apostolopoulos, paposto@ncsu.edu Apolo1991 (talk) 16:33, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations opening soon
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election voting opening soon!
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Correction to previous election announcement
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election voting closing soon
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Wikiproject Military history coordinator election nominations open
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Voting for the WikiProject Military History newcomer of the year and military historian of the year awards for 2023 is now open!
Voting is now open for the WikiProject Military History newcomer of the year and military historian of the year awards for 2023! The the top editors will be awarded the coveted Gold Wiki. Cast your votes vote here and here respectively. Voting closes at 23:59 on 30 December 2023. On behalf of the coordinators, wishing you the very best for the festive season and the new year. via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 23:55, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:DimaY2K


text:
Crude

Crude can refer to:

 * Crude oil or simply crude, the unprocessed form of petroleum
 * Crude (2007 film), an Australian documentary about the geology and economics of crude oil
 * Crude (2009 film), an American documentary about oil companies and lawsuits in Ecuador
 * Crude (album), by Bongshang, 1993
 * Crude (comic), a comic book series by Steve Orlando and Garry Brown
 * Oklahoma Crude, a former National Indoor Football League team

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Crude


text:
China Motor Bus

The China Motor Bus Company, Limited, often abbreviated as CMB, is a property developer in Hong Kong. Before its franchise lapsed in 1998, it was the first motor bus operator in Hong Kong, and was responsible for the introduction of double-decker buses to Hong Kong Island.

History
Ngan Shing-kwan and Wong Yiu Nam formed a business in 1923 to provide services on Kowloon Peninsula. Prior to that, Ngan had operated a rickshaw business also on Kowloon Peninsula. In 1933, the company received the exclusive bus franchise from the Government of Hong Kong to operate routes on Hong Kong Island.

After World War II, the network of CMB's routes expanded with exploding population on the island. New buses were purchased to increase ridership. In the mid-1970s, a livery of buff upper body and a blue lower body was adopted. CMB adopt the policy to improve its service during the 1970s, including introducing the first type of rear-engine bus (Daimler Fleetline) and reforming the route number system. In 1976 CMB earned over $20 million HK dollars, the highest in the company history.

With the opening of the MTR Island line in 1985, and CMB's reputation of outdated ethos and poor services over the years, ridership on CMB declined. On 29/30 November 1989, CMB employees started a massive strike, after broken negotiations on their pension funds. During the strike, all CMB services on the island were halted, to the extent that the government was forced to use police vehicles to facilitate commuting to and from the Southern District. After the incident, the relationship between CMB and the government worsened, leading to the government to adopt more directive policies in respect of CMB.

Meanwhile, competitors such as Citybus had successfully lured passengers from CMB's franchised routes to their own residential routes. The establishment of route 37R as a residential route by Citybus illustrates this fact. The service provided more comfortable seats, air-conditioned fleet, and a more direct route (via Aberdeen Tunnel) from Chi Fu Fa Yuen to Admiralty. Citybus was able to compete against CMB by charging only the fare of non-air-conditioned, uncomfortable and indirect CMB counterparts like routes 40 and 37 (which took Pok Fu Lam Road as well as Bonham Road and Caine Road or Sai Ying Pun and Central respectively, instead). The residential route was later converted into a franchise route, 37M, that still continued to be operated by Citybus.

In 1993, the government redistributed 26 routes to Citybus, citing poor service levels. In 1995, a further 14 were transferred.

In February 1998, the government announced the franchise for all 140 routes operated by China Motor Bus would not be reviewed when it expired on 31 August 1998. Eighty-eight of the routes were placed to open tender, 12 routes were transferred directly to Citybus, one cross-harbour route to Kowloon Motor Bus, and the remaining routes were cancelled.

NWFB won the tender and commenced operations with around 50 new buses and 710 former CMB buses.

Current status
Since losing its franchise, its main business focus shifted to real estate, by developing former bus depot properties which it owned. There was a free shuttle bus service operated by the company between Island Place (one of the CMB's real estate developments) near the North Point MTR station and North Point Government Offices with a Volvo B6LE, acquired from Citybus, along with eight Marshall C37 bodied Dennis Darts. However, this service ceased on 30 June 2015 as the new environmental protection ordinance began to phase out pre Euro IV diesel commercial vehicles.

China Motor Bus has also purchased some properties in London.

Fleet
Besides the eight Dennis Dart Coach Express retained to operate the free shuttle service, most of the fleet was transferred to New World First Bus in 1998 after the end of CMB's franchise. Two Volvo Olympian air-conditioned buses were retained, being sold to Citybus in 2001 with a Volvo B6LE acquired in return.

Some of the buses transferred to New World First Bus were later sold to City Sightseeing in Australia and The Original Tour in London.

Historic
Partial list of historic bus types operated by CMB:

 * Leyland Olympian
 * Leyland Atlantean
 * Leyland Victory Mark 2 Series 2
 * Dennis Condor
 * Daimler/Leyland Fleetline - either new or ex London Transport DM/DMS-class
 * MCW Metrobus
 * Guy Arab IV and V
 * Leyland Titan PD3/4 and PD3/5

Depots

 * Chai Wan Depot: 391 Chai Wan Road/Sheung On Street (a 5-storey concrete parking facility, former head office of CMB and major depot since the 1990s)
 * Wong Chuk Hang Depot: Ocean Park Road (owned by the Government of Hong Kong) now used by NWFB
 * (Former) North Point Depot: site redeveloped by CMB as the residential complex Island Place (construction started in March 1994, completed in May 1997)
 * Kennedy Town Depot: a minor depot later used by NWFB, now closed

title: China Motor Bus


text:
Azimuthal equidistant projection

The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection. It has the useful properties that all points on the map are at proportionally correct distances from the center point, and that all points on the map are at the correct azimuth (direction) from the center point. A useful application for this type of projection is a polar projection which shows all meridians (lines of longitude) as straight, with distances from the pole represented correctly.

The flag of the United Nations contains an example of a polar azimuthal equidistant projection. The polar azimuthal equidistant projection has also been adopted by 21st century Flat Earthers as a map of the Flat Earth, particularly due to its use in the UN flag and its depiction of Antarctica as a ring around the edge of the Earth.

History
While it may have been used by ancient Egyptians for star maps in some holy books, the earliest text describing the azimuthal equidistant projection is an 11th-century work by al-Biruni.

An example of this system is the world map by ‛Ali b. Ahmad al-Sharafi of Sfax in 1571.

The projection appears in many Renaissance maps, and Gerardus Mercator used it for an inset of the north polar regions in sheet 13 and legend 6 of his well-known 1569 map. In France and Russia this projection is named "Postel projection" after Guillaume Postel, who used it for a map in 1581. Many modern star chart planispheres use the polar azimuthal equidistant projection.

The polar azimuthal equidistant projection has also been adopted by 21st century Flat Earthers as a map of the Flat Earth, particularly due to its use in the UN flag and its depiction of Antarctica as a ring around the edge of the Earth.

Mathematical definition
A point on the globe is chosen as "the center" in the sense that mapped distances and azimuth directions from that point to any other point will be correct. That point, (φ$0$, λ$0$), will project to the center of a circular projection, with φ referring to latitude and λ referring to longitude. All points along a given azimuth will project along a straight line from the center, and the angle θ that the line subtends from the vertical is the azimuth angle. The distance from the center point to another projected point ρ is the arc length along a great circle between them on the globe. By this description, then, the point on the plane specified by (θ,ρ) will be projected to Cartesian coordinates:
 * $$x = \rho \sin \theta, \qquad y = -\rho \cos \theta$$

The relationship between the coordinates (θ,ρ) of the point on the globe, and its latitude and longitude coordinates (φ, λ) is given by the equations:

\begin{align} \cos \frac{\rho}{R} &= \sin \varphi_0 \sin \varphi + \cos \varphi_0 \cos \varphi \cos \left(\lambda - \lambda_0\right) \\ \tan \theta &= \frac{\cos \varphi \sin \left(\lambda - \lambda_0\right)}{\cos \varphi_0 \sin \varphi - \sin \varphi_0 \cos \varphi \cos \left(\lambda - \lambda_0\right)} \end{align} $$

When the center point is the north pole, φ0 equals $$\pi/2$$ and λ$0$ is arbitrary, so it is most convenient to assign it the value of 0. This assignment significantly simplifies the equations for ρu and θ to:
 * $$\rho = R \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - \varphi \right), \qquad \theta = \lambda$$

Limitation
With the circumference of the Earth being approximately 40,000 km, the maximum distance that can be displayed on an azimuthal equidistant projection map is half the circumference, or about 20,000 km. For distances less than 10,000 km distortions are minimal. For distances 10,000 - 15,000 km the distortions are moderate. Distances greater than 15,000 km are severely distorted.

If the azimuthal equidistant projection map is centered about a point whose antipodal point lies on land and the map is extended to the maximum distance of 20,000 km the antipode point smears into a large circle. This is shown in the example of two maps centered about Los Angeles, and Taipei. The antipode for Los Angeles is in the south Indian Ocean hence there is not much significant distortion of land masses for the Los Angeles centered map except for East Africa and Madagascar. On the other hand, Taipei's antipode is near the Argentina–Paraguay border, causing the Taipei centered map to severely distort South America.

Applications
Azimuthal equidistant projection maps can be useful in terrestrial point to point communication. This type of projection allows the operator to easily determine in which direction to point their directional antenna. The operator simply finds on the map the location of the target transmitter or receiver (i.e. the other antenna being communicated with) and uses the map to determine the azimuth angle needed to point the operator's antenna. The operator would use an electric rotator to point the antenna. The map can also be used in one way communication. For example if the operator is looking to receive signals from a distant radio station, this type of projection could help identify the direction of the distant radio station. In order for the map to be useful, the map should be centered as close as possible about the location of the operator's antenna.

Azimuthal equidistant projection maps can also be useful to show ranges of ballistic missiles, as demonstrated by the map centered on North Korea showing the country's missile range.

title: Azimuthal equidistant projection


text:
Bruce Curry

Bruce Curry (born March 29, 1956, in Marlin, Texas), is an American former professional boxer. He was the WBC Super Lightweight Champion from 1983 to 1984.

Family
He is a member of a very traditional family in the boxing scene: he is the oldest of three brothers and all boxers (Bruce's younger brother Donald Curry is considered the most successful boxer in the family, having won four belts in the welterweight category (WBC, WBA, IBF and The Ring), and one in the light middleweight category (WBC), plus a spot in the International Boxing Hall of Fame).

Amateur career
Curry was a two-time Texas Golden Gloves Champion and runner-up to Sugar Ray Leonard at the 1976 U.S. Olympic Boxing Trials. Curry reportedly had an amateur record of 315-11. During his amateur career he was trained by Wesley Gale Parker.

Professional career
Curry turned professional in 1976 and won his first fourteen professional fights. On November 18, 1977, he fought Wilfred Benítez, the former WBA Junior Welterweight Champion. Curry knocked Benitez down three times but lost by a controversial ten-round split decision due to the scoring system.

He signed to fight Minoru Sugiya in Japan on January 26, 1978. He was then offered a rematch with Benitez, which would take place a mere 11 days later, on February 4. He decided to go take both fights. He knocked out Sugiya in three rounds and then flew back to the U.S. for the Benitez fight, which Benitez won by a ten-round majority decision. Benitez trained harder for the rematch and Curry was travel-worn. "I just wanted to get it done and go to bed," Curry said. "I should have sent out for coffee."

Curry won his next two fights and then lost back-to-back fights, getting stopped in nine rounds by Domingo Ayala and losing to Adolfo Viruet by a ten-round decision. Curry put together three straight wins and then fought Thomas Hearns, who was 19-0 with 18 knockouts. The 6' 1" Hearns stopped Curry in three rounds, however, the fight is best remembered in boxing circles as a rare but true example of "going down swinging," with Curry punching valiantly even as he fell to the canvas.

He won eleven of his next thirteen fights and then got his first world title shot. On May 18, 1983, Curry beat Leroy Haley by a twelve-round unanimous decision to win the WBC Super Lightweight Championship. Curry's younger brother, Donald, won the WBA Welterweight Championship several months earlier. They were the first pair of brothers to hold world titles simultaneously. Another Curry brother, Graylin, was also a professional boxer.

Curry made two successful title defenses, knocking out Hidekazu Akai in seven rounds and winning a rematch with Haley by a twelve-round split decision. On January 29, 1984, Curry lost the title by a tenth-round knockout to Billy Costello.

On February 2, 1984, Curry was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, after he fired several shots at his trainer, Jesse Reid, following an altercation at a gym. He had fought with Reid after blaming him for his loss to Costello. Curry was charged with assault with a deadly weapon and carrying a concealed weapon.

Curry was found innocent by reason of insanity and ordered confined to a mental hospital until he was no longer a threat to society. He was released on March 26, 1985, after a team of three psychiatrists said he was no longer mentally ill.

Curry fought just one more time, defeating Tomas Garcia by a ten-round decision on April 29, 1986. He finished with a record of 35-8 with 17 knockouts.

title: Bruce Curry


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Revolutionary Communist Party (India)

The Revolutionary Communist Party was a minor naxalite faction that merged with Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India in 1988. It was based in Punjab. RCP was led by Takra.

title: Revolutionary Communist Party (India)


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Touched by the Hand of God

"Touched by the Hand of God" is the fifteenth single by English band New Order, released as a single on 7 December 1987. The song was originally recorded for the soundtrack to the film Salvation! and the version released as a single was remixed by Arthur Baker. The B-side was a dub remix, titled "Touched by the Hand of Dub", and the release had the catalogue number FAC 193; its production is credited to New Order.

Although not a track taken from a studio album, "Touched by the Hand of God" appears on the 2008 collector's edition of New Order's album Brotherhood in its remix version, on the 1994 compilation The Best of New Order and in remixed form on 1995's The Rest of New Order. In the US, the song was released as the B-side to the group's following single "Blue Monday 1988", though it was billed as a double A-side on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and Maxi-Singles charts.

Music video
The video that accompanied the song was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and parodied glam metal groups of the same period, with the band miming to the music while wearing long wigs and leather clothing. The video also contains a love scene that is intercut with the performance shots, and stars Femi Gardiner and Bill Paxton. The concept was proposed by manager Rob Gretton, and was inspired by the band having seen the clichés of then-popular videos on MTV while touring America. Bassist Peter Hook said in a 2000 interview that one of the bands that served as inspiration for the spoof video was Mötley Crüe, whose song “Girls, Girls, Girls” played in heavy rotation on MTV at the time.

title: Touched by the Hand of God


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Samsu-iluna

Samsu-iluna (Amorite: Shamshu-iluna, "The Sun (is) our god") (c. 1749–1712 BC) was the seventh king of the founding Amorite dynasty of Babylon. His reign is estimated from 1749 BC to 1712 BC (middle chronology), or from 1686 to 1648 BC (short chronology). He was the son and successor of Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 BC) by an unknown mother. His reign was marked by the violent uprisings of areas conquered by his father and the abandonment of several important cities (primarily in Sumer).

Circumstances of Samsu-iluna's reign
When Hammurabi rose to power in the city of Babylon, he controlled a small region directly around that city, and was surrounded by vastly more powerful opponents on all sides. By the time he died, he had conquered Sumer, Eshnunna, Assyria and Mari making himself master of Mesopotamia. He had also significantly weakened and humiliated Elam and the Gutians.

While defeated, however, these states were not destroyed; if Hammurabi had a plan for welding them to Babylon he did not live long enough to see it through. Within a few years after his death, Elam and Assyria had left from Babylon's orbit and revolutions had started in all the conquered territories. The task of dealing with these troubles—and others—fell to Samsu-iluna. Though he campaigned tirelessly and seems to have won frequently, the king proved unable to stop the empire's unwinding. Through it all, however, he did manage to keep the core of his kingdom intact, and this allowed the city of Babylon to cement its position in history.

Fragmentation of the Empire
In the 9th year of Samsu-iluna's reign a man calling himself Rim-sin (known in the literature as Rim-sin II, and thought to perhaps be a nephew of the Rim-sin who opposed Hammurabi) raised a rebellion against Babylonian authority in Larsa which spread to include some 26 cities, among them Uruk, Ur, Isin and Kisurra in the south, and Eshnunna. in the north.

Samsu-iluna seems to have had the upper-hand militarily. Within a year he dealt the coalition a shattering blow which took the northern cities out of the fight. In the aftermath the king of Eshnunna, Iluni, was dragged to Babylon and executed by strangulation. Over the course of the next 4 years, Samsu-iluna's armies tangled with Rim-sin's forces up and down the borderlands between Babylon, Sumer and Elam. Eventually Samsu-iluna attacked Ur, pulled down its walls and put the city to the sack, he then did the same to Uruk, and Isin as well. Finally Larsa itself was defeated and Rim-sin II was killed, thus ending the struggle.

A few years later, a pretender calling himself Ilum-ma-ili, and claiming descent from the last king of Isin, raised another pan-Sumerian revolt. Samsu-iluna marched an army to Sumer, and the two met in a battle which proved indecisive; a second battle sometime later went Ilum-ma-ili's way, and in its aftermath, he founded the First Dynasty of Sea-Land, which would remain in control of Sumer for the next 300 years. Samsu-iluna seems to have taken a defensive approach after this; in the 18th year of his reign, he saw to the rebuilding of 6 fortresses in the vicinity of Nippur which might have been intended to keep that city under Babylonian control. Ultimately, this proved fruitless; by the time of Samsu-iluna's death, Nippur recognized Ilum-ma-ili as king.

Apparently, Eshnunna had not reconciled itself to Babylonian control either, because in Samsu-iluna's 20th year it rebelled again. Samsu-iluna marched his army through the region and, presumably after some bloodshed, constructed the fortress of Dur-samsuiluna to keep them in line. This seems to have done the trick, as later documents see Samsu-iluna take a more conciliatory stance repairing infrastructure and restoring waterways.

Both Assyria and Elam used the general chaos to re-assert their independence. Kuturnahunte I of Elam, seizing the opportunity left by Samsu-iluna's attack on Uruk, marched into the (now wall-less) city and plundered it. Among the items looted was a statue of Inanna which would not be returned until the reign of Ashurbanipal eleven centuries later. In Assyria, a native vice regent named Puzur-Sin ejected Asinum who had been a vassal king of his fellow Amorite Hammurabi. A native king Ashur-dugul seized the throne, and a period of civil war in Assyria ensued. Samsu-Iluna seems to have been powerless to intervene, and finally a king named Adasi, restored a stable native dynasty in Assyria, removing any vestages of Amorite-Babylonian influence

In the end, Samsu-iluna was left with a kingdom that was only fractionally larger than the one his father had started out with 50 years prior (but which did leave him mastery of the Euphrates up to and including the ruins of Mari and its dependencies). The status of Eshnunna is difficult to determine with any accuracy, and while it may have remained in Babylonian hands the city was exhausted and its political influence at an end.

Depopulation of Sumer
Samsu-iluna's campaigns might not have been solely responsible for the havoc wreaked upon Uruk and Ur, and his loss of Sumer might have been as much a calculated retreat as defeat.

Records in the cities of Ur and Uruk essentially stop after the 10th year of Samsu-iluna's reign, their priests apparently continued writing, but from more northerly cities. Larsa's records also end about this time. Records keep going in Nippur and Isin until Samsu-iluna's 29th year, and then cease there as well. These breaks are also observed in the archeological record, where evidence points to these cities being largely or completely abandoned for hundreds of years, until well into the Kassite period.

Reasons for this are hard to come by. Certainly the constant warfare cannot have helped matters, but Samsu-iluna appears to have campaigned just as hard in the north, and that region was thriving during the period. The rise of Babylon marks a definite end to Sumerian cultural dominance of Mesopotamia and a shift to Akkadian for government and popular writing; perhaps people who claimed cultural ties to the Sumerian past retrenched around the southerly cities which Iluna-ilu controlled. Several members of his dynasty took Sumerian names, and it appears they consciously strove to return to the region's Sumerian roots. It is also possible that economic or environmental factors were involved; it is known that both Hammurabi and Rim-sin I had instituted policies which altered the economies of the region, perhaps these proved unsustainable in the long-term.

Other campaigns

 * Slaving raids by Sutean tribes appear to have been a constant problem for Babylon during this period, and Samsu-iluna spent some time dealing with them. He promulgated a law barring Babylonian citizens from purchasing as slaves citizens of the (presumably oft-raided) cities of Idamaras and Arrapha.
 * In the 9th year of his reign, Samsu-iluna turned back an invasion by a Kassite army. This is the earliest known mention of the Kassites, who would go on to rule Babylonia after the collapse of the Amorite dynasty.
 * Around the 24th year of his reign, Samsu-iluna attacked and destroyed the city of Apum, killing its king Yakun-ashar. A year later he seems to have attacked the city of Terqa as well, possibly adding it to his kingdom.
 * In his 28th year, Samsu-iluna defeated the armies of two otherwise unknown western kings recorded as Iadikhabum and Muti-kurshana.
 * In the 35th year of his reign, Samsu-iluna repelled an Amorite invasion.

Religious and Astronomical achievements
Though troubled, Samsu-iluna's reign was not entirely focused on war. He is known to have rebuilt the walls of Kish, Nippur and Sippar for example, and to have propagated the Marduk cult as had his father. He also apparently restored the E-babbar temple of Shamash(Also known as Utu) in Larsa,ziggurats at Sippar, and the ziggurat of Zababa and Ishtar at Kish.

Additionally, there is speculation that Samsu-iluna instituted the Standard Babylonian calendar, possibly as a means of tying his empire more closely together.

title: Samsu-iluna


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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Second Central Committee

Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Second Central Committee or CPI (M-L) 2nd CC is a political party in India. It emerged in 1973 when the pro-Charu Majumdar faction of the original CPI (M-L) got divided into pro and anti-Lin Piao groups. The CPI (M-L) 2nd CC represents the pro-Lin Piao stream. At present, the party is active in states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

History
The undivided CPI (M-L), the mother organization of CPI (M-L) 2nd CC, was formed in 1969 by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries, which had actually split from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1967 after a protracted course of inner-party struggle against revisionist and neo-revisionist deviations. The CPI (M-L), led by radical Communist leaders like Charu Majumdar, Saroj Dutta, Jagjit Singh Sohal and others, advocated armed struggle against parliamentary elections. They categorised India as a semi-feudal, semi-colonial state led by the comprador bourgeoisie and the feudal class under the dictates of imperialism and social-imperialism. From 1969 to 1972, the party fought the Indian state tirelessly by taking to the path of ‘protracted people’s war’ of Mao Zedong and built up the struggles of Srikakulam, Kheri-Lakhimpur, Mushahari, Debra-Gopiballabhpur etc. In 1970 it organised its First Party Congress in Calcutta, West Bengal.

The CPI (M-L), however, could not continue with the struggle it had launched against the state and its alleged agents. After its general secretary's (Charu Majumdar) death on 28 July 1972 at Lal Bazar Police Custody in Calcutta, it got divided into different factions, one of which was pro-Charu Majumdar by nature. In 1973, after the 10th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the pro-Charu Majumdar CPI (M-L) became further divided into two groups, namely pro and anti-Lin Piao factions. Mahadev Mukherjee was the leader of the pro-Lin Piao group.

The pro-Lin Piao faction organized its 'Second Party Congress' in December 1973 at Kamalpur, a Naxalite bastion in Hooghly-Burdwan district frontier. The Congress reaffirmed the programme of the undivided CPI (M-L), adopted at the first party congress in 1970, and paid red salutes to Lin Piao and Charu Majumdar. As soon as the Congress was over, the party launched a wave of weapon snatches, attacks on police, prison escapes and annihilation campaigns. By 1973-74 10 policemen in West Bengal were killed by the party and there were 39 incidents of gun snatching. But when the state machinery came down on the revolutionaries heavily, the party had to face a serious setback. Most of the leaders were either incarcerated or killed. The reorganisation process, therefore, began after August 1977 when the detainees were released.

In September 1978, as a result of the annihilation of a landowner at Manihari in Katihar district of Bihar, the Central Committee got divided between Mahadev Mukherjee and his supporters on the one hand and the hardliner section of the party led by Ajijul Haque and Nishit Bhattacharya on the other. After Mahadev Mukherjee's expulsion Haque and Bhattacharya assumed leadership and reorganised the party. They named it CPI (M-L) 2nd CC as a continuation of the Central Committee that was elected in the Second Party Congress (Kamalpur) in 1973. During Haque and Bhattacharya's tenure, that is between 1978 and 1982, CPI (M-L) 2nd CC formed a provisional revolutionary government in the rural areas of North and South Bengal and in the struggle zones of Bihar. After a series of clashes with the state, both Haque and Bhattacharya were arrested. They were subsequently expelled from the party due to Haque signing a cease fire deal with the government of West Bengal. After their expulsion 2nd CC gradually became a dying force. Despite a number of efforts, the new leadership could not raise the level of struggles. On 19 May 2003 a part of the party merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India. It had to withdraw its pro-Lin Piao stand for the merger to go through.

Basic Standpoints
The Basic Standpoints of CPI (M-L) 2nd CC are as follows:
 * It believes that it is the only genuine heir of the undivided CPI (M-L) that was formed on 22 April 1969 by Charu Majumdar and his comrades.
 * It takes Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong thought and Charu Mazumdar’s Politics as its theoretical guideline.
 * It believes that this is the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution in which imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism is advancing, despite temporary setbacks, to worldwide victory.
 * It maintains that India is a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country based on Neo-colonial nature of exploitation.
 * It rejects the parliamentary path for the whole of this strategic period and advocates the path of armed agrarian revolution by waging a successful people’s war—encircling cities with villages as shown by Mao and Lin Piao.


text:
Kilim

A kilim (  gilīm kilim کیلیم; kilim;  ) is a flat tapestry-woven carpet or rug traditionally produced in countries of the former Persian Empire, including Iran, but also in the Balkans and the Turkic countries. Kilims can be purely decorative or can function as prayer rugs. Modern kilims are popular floor coverings in Western households.

Etymology
The word 'kilim' originates from the Persian galīm (گلیم) where it means 'to spread roughly', perhaps of Akkadian or Aramean origin.

History
Like pile carpets, kilim have been produced since ancient times. The explorer Mark Aurel Stein found kilims dating to at least the fourth or fifth century CE in Hotan, China:

 * "As kilims are much less durable than rugs that have a pile to protect the warp and weft, it is not surprising that few of great age remain.... The weave is almost identical with that of modern kilims, and has about fourteen threads of warp and sixteen threads of weft to the inch. The pattern consists of narrow stripes of blue, green, brownish yellow, and red, containing very small geometric designs. With this one exception, so peculiarly preserved, there are probably very few over a century old."

Weaving technique

Kilims are produced by tightly interweaving the warp and weft strands of the weave to produce a flat surface with no pile. Kilim weaves are tapestry weaves, technically weft-faced plain weaves, that is, the horizontal weft strands are pulled tightly downward so that they hide the vertical warp strands.

When the end of a color boundary is reached, the weft yarn is wound back from the boundary point. Thus, if the boundary of a field is a straight vertical line, a vertical slit forms between the two different color areas where they meet. For this reason, most kilims can be classed as "slit woven" textiles. The slits are beloved by collectors, as they produce very sharp-etched designs, emphasizing the geometry of the weave. Weaving strategies for avoiding slit formation, such as interlocking, produce a more blurred design image.

The weft strands, which carry the visible design and color, are almost always wool, whereas the hidden warp strands can be either wool or cotton. The warp strands are only visible at the ends, where they emerge as the fringe. This fringe is usually tied in bunches, to ensure against loosening or unraveling of the weave.

Motifs

Many motifs are used in Turkish kilims, each with many variations. A few examples are illustrated here, with meanings as described by Güran Erbek in Kilim. A widely used motif is the elibelinde, a stylized female figure representing motherhood and fertility. Other motifs express the tribal weavers' desires for protection of their families' flocks from wolves with the wolf's mouth or the wolf's foot motif (Turkish: Kurt Aǧzi, Kurt İzi), or for safety from the sting of the scorpion (Turkish: Akrep). Several motifs hope for the safety of the weaver's family from the evil eye (Turkish: Nazarlık, also used as a motif), which could be divided into four with a cross symbol (Turkish: Haç), or averted with the symbol of a hook (Turkish: Çengel), a human eye (Turkish: Göz), or an amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse). Such an amulet woven into a rug is not a picture of the thing itself: it actually is an amulet, believed to confer protection by its presence.

Other motifs symbolise fertility, as with the trousseau chest motif (Turkish: Sandıklı), or the explicit fertility (Bereket, ) motif. The motif for running water (Turkish: Su Yolu) similarly depicts the resource literally. The desire to tie a family or lovers together may be depicted with a fetter motif (Turkish: Bukaǧı). Several other motifs represent the desire for good luck and happiness, as for instance the bird (Turkish: Kuş) and the star or Solomon's seal (Turkish: Yıldız). The oriental symbol of yin and yang is used for love and unison (Turkish: Aşk ve Birleşim).

Rugs and commerce
Because kilims are often cheaper than pile rugs, beginning carpet collectors often start with them. Despite what many perceive as their secondary (or inferior) status to pile carpets, kilims have become increasingly collectible in themselves in recent years, with quality pieces now commanding high prices. What some sensed as inferiority was actually a different nature of rugs woven for indigenous use as opposed to rugs woven on a strictly commercial basis. Because kilims were not a major export commodity, there were no foreign market pressures changing the designs, as happened with pile carpets. Once collectors began to value authentic village weaving, kilims became popular. Three factors then combined to reduce the quality of the West's newly discovered kilims. The first was a development in industrial chemistry. An important element in the attractiveness of traditional rugs is abrash, the dappled appearance resulting from variation in shade of each colour caused by hand-dyeing of the yarn. The synthetic (aniline-derived) dyes introduced late in the Victorian era abolished abrash, giving brilliant colours which however often faded with time. A second factor was the loss of the nomadic way of life across Central Asia. Once people had settled, the tribal character of their weavings faded. A third factor was a direct consequence of the kilim's new-found marketability. As rugs began to be made for export and money rather than personal use, the local style and social significance of each type of carpet was lost. Patterns and colours were chosen to suit the market, rather than woven according to tradition and to suit the needs of the weaver's family and the weaver's own hopes and fears.

Anatolian (Turkish)
Perhaps the best known and most highly regarded, these kilims are traditionally distinguished by the areas, villages or cities in which they are produced, such as Konya, Malatya, Karapınar and Hotamis. Most Anatolian kilims are slit woven. Larger antique kilims were woven in two to three separate sections on small nomadic horizontal floor looms in three feet wide long strips, then carefully sewn together matching the patterns edges to create an ultimately wider rug. These pieces are still produced in very limited quantities by nomadic tribes for their personal use and are commonly known as cicims.

 * Cicim or Jijim or Jajim are kilims woven in narrow strips that are sewn together.
 * Zili is a rough supplementary-weft method used to decorate practical objects such as mats, sacks, cushions and tents.

title: Kilim


text:
Canberra (disambiguation)

Canberra is the capital city of Australia. It may also refer to:

Aircraft

 * English Electric Canberra, a British jet bomber
 * Martin B-57 Canberra, a version produced in the United States
 * de Havilland Giant Moth or Canberra, a 1920s biplane transport
 * Canberra, a Giant Moth used by Les Holden for a charter operation based in Sydney, Australia

Ships

 * HMAS Canberra (D33), a County-class cruiser launched in 1927
 * HMAS Canberra (FFG 02), an Adelaide-class guided missile frigate launched in 1978
 * HMAS Canberra (L02), lead vessel of the Canberra-class landing helicopter docks, launched in 2011
 * PS Canberra, a paddle steamer built in 1912
 * SS Canberra, an ocean liner that served in the Falklands war
 * USS Canberra (CA-70), a Baltimore-class cruiser of the United States Navy
 * USS Canberra (LCS-30), a littoral combat ship of the United States Navy

Places

 * Civic, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra's central business district
 * Division of Canberra, an Australian electoral division
 * Canberra Avenue, Canberra
 * Canberra Parish, a former parish of Murray County, New South Wales, Australia
 * Canberra MRT station, Singapore
 * Canberra railway station, Canberra, Australia

Sports

 * Canberra Raiders, an Australian rugby league club
 * Canberra FC, an Australian football club
 * Canberra International, a women's tennis tournament held in Canberra, Australia (2001–2006)

Other uses

 * University of Canberra
 * Hotel Canberra, Canberra, Australia

title: Canberra (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Pope

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia.

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I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian on en:. Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. You can also leave me questions at my talk page. +sj +   14:59, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

HI
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AfD nomination of Rincon (surfspot)
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Rincon (surfspot). We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

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User talk:Joseparrella~enwiki

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia.

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title: User talk:Joseparrella~enwiki


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Diluent

A diluent (also referred to as a filler, dilutant or thinner) is a diluting agent. Certain fluids are too viscous to be pumped easily or too dense to flow from one particular point to the other. This can be troublesome, because it might not be economically feasible to transport such fluids in this state. To ease this restricted movement, diluents are added. This decreases the viscosity of the fluids, thereby also decreasing the pumping/transportation costs.

One industrial application is the transport of crude oil via pipelines. Heavy crude oil/bitumen are fluids with high viscosity, especially at low temperatures. The addition of a diluent enables the diluted fluid (dilbit in the case of bitumen) to meet pipeline specifications in order for it to be efficiently transported. Typical diluent in this case is naphtha or condensate.

Types of diluents more familiar to the general public include paint thinner and nail polish thinner, both of which improve the consistency and applicability of the products to which they are added. Diluent is also used as a term in solvent extraction for an inert solvent in which a metal extraction agent (extractant) is dissolved. In solvent extraction the diluent has potentially several uses. It can be used as a solvent (in the purely chemical sense rather than the solvent extraction sense) to dissolve an extractant which is a solid and so render it suitable for use in a liquid–liquid extraction process. In other cases such as PUREX nuclear reprocessing the diluent (kerosene) is used to reduce the maximum metal loading which the organic layer can reach. If the organic layer was to acquire too much metal then a solid metal complex might form, or more worryingly in a nuclear process the potential for a criticality accident if the fissile metal concentration in the organic phase becomes too high. Commonly in both lab and industrial solvent extraction of metals petroleum kerosene is used as a diluent, but in recent times it has been shown that Neste's second generation biodiesel which was formed by hydrodeoxygenation can be used as a diluent.

Water is probably the most common and familiar diluent, but many substances, such as oils, do not dissolve well in water and therefore require different diluents to be diluted effectively without separating into parts.

Medications
Diluents are also very important in the pharmaceutical industry. They are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug. For example, a Tylenol 325 mg tablet does not weigh 325 mg. This is the weight of the active acetaminophen, while the tablet weighs more due to other additives known as diluents. These additives may be used as binders, disintegrants (help the tablet break apart in the digestive system), or flavor enhancers. Some very common diluents in tablets include starch, cellulose derivatives, and magnesium stearate (a lubricant). (See also Excipient.)

Diluents are also used in vaccines such as MMR to reconstitute the vaccine after storage.

Breathing gas
In underwater diving a diluent gas is generally used to reduce the oxygen fraction of the breathing gas to a non-toxic level appropriate to the ambient pressure at which it is to be breathed. Diluent gases for this use are metabolically inert and non-toxic, but may have some level of narcotic effect at high partial pressure. The commonly used diluents for breathing gases are nitrogen, provided in the form of air, and helium, provided as heliox, or both nitrogen and helium together as trimix. The diluent used in scuba rebreathers contains enough oxygen to support life as it is also used as a bailout gas.

Helium is also useful as a breathing gas diluent to reduce work of breathing of gases, both at high ambient pressures, and for medical purposes, but it is an expensive gas, which limits its utility.

Drugs
The 1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal was an incident in which several Austrian wineries illegally adulterated their wines using the toxic substance diethylene glycol (a primary ingredient in some brands of antifreeze) to make the wines appear sweeter and more full-bodied in the style of late harvest wines.

title: Diluent