text:
Juanita García Peraza

Juanita García Peraza also known as "Mita" (June 24, 1897 – February 21, 1970) was the founder of the Mita Congregation, a christian denomination with Puerto Rican origins which is described in Melton's Encyclopedia of Protestantism. When Peraza died, the Senate of Puerto Rico closed their offices for three days in her honor.

Early years
García Peraza was born in Hatillo, Puerto Rico, and raised by her parents, both belonging to wealthy Catholic families that had immigrated to Puerto Rico from the Canary Islands in the 1830s. Her father had previously married one of his cousins, of the prominent García family of the Arecibo, Puerto Rico, region; well-known Puerto Rican writer René Marqués García is one of her nephews. After divorcing his cousin, her father married García Peraza's mother, from another Canarian family. When her family moved to their townhouse in Arecibo, García Peraza became extremely ill. She made a promise to Mita God that if she was cured, she would always serve him.

García Peraza considered it a miracle that she was cured of her illness and she decided to keep her promise. She was one of the first Puerto Rican women to preach religion in Puerto Rico. Soon, she claimed to have the gift of prophecy and said that she received a new revelation from God that the new name of the Holy Spirit was "Mita". The church leaders did not accept such a prophecy and she was asked to leave. She and 11 members left and formed the congregation we see today.

"Mita"
García Peraza left the Roman Catholicism and converted to the Protestant Iglesia de Dios Pentecostal M.I., and then left the church with 11 other members who followed her to start their own religion. In 1940, she and her followers founded their own church in Arecibo, and in 1947 she relocated to the current location of Hato Rey, a suburb of San Juan. They call themselves "Mitas" and their church "the Mita congregation". According to the Mita congregation, Mita is the name of the Holy Ghost on earth.

Under García Peraza's leadership, the church founded many small businesses which provided work, orientation, and help for its members. The first branch of the church outside of Puerto Rico was established in New York City. The church has expanded to Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Panama, El Salvador, Canada, Ecuador, Spain and other countries.

Legacy
Juanita "Mita" García Peraza died on February 21, 1970, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Teófilo Vargas Sein ("Aarón"), was appointed Leader of the church. Puerto Rico honored Juanita García Peraza's memory by naming an elementary school after her in San Juan.

title: Juanita García Peraza


text:
Oreti Beach

Oreti Beach is the central bay of three lying on the Foveaux Strait coast of Southland, New Zealand, the others being Te Waewae Bay and Toetoes Bay. Twenty-six kilometres in length, the bay lies between the town of Riverton and the outflow of the Aparima River in the northwest, and the estuary of the Ōreti River in the southeast.

The city of Invercargill is located on the Waihopai River ten kilometres east of the bay at the closest point.

This is the site where Burt Munro practised riding the Indian motorbike with which he would go on to break records at Bonneville Salt flats, Utah.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oreti Beach


text: Template:Apollo program

title: Template:Apollo program


text:
Norcross

Norcross may refer to:

 * Norcross, Georgia, a suburb in metro Atlanta
 * Norcross, Minnesota
 * Norcross (surname)
 * Norcross High School, a public school in Norcross, Georgia (named after Jonathan Norcross)

title: Norcross


text:
Lim Fjord

Lim Fjord can be the name of two different geographical features:

 * The Limfjord in Denmark, since 1825 part of a channel separating the island of Vendsyssel-Thy  from the rest of Jutland.
 * The Lim fjord in Croatia, an estuary on the western coast of Istria which is not  a real  fjord but a ria.

title: Lim Fjord


text:
Talk:Dead Boys

Untitled
Perhaps I'm letting POV get in the way here, but I think "Sonic Reducer" is regarded as a MAJOR punk classic, as opposed to a "minor" one, as this article currently says. I'm not sure how one can quantify that sort of thing. It's on every comprehensive punk rock compilation I've ever seen, though, if that's a valid criterion. Personally I don't think it's just POV since I don't even really like most of the other Dead Boys songs.

Well I'll leave it as it is for now. Does anyone else agree that "Sonic Reducer" is regarded as a major punk classic? Note I'm not asking if YOU think it's a major punk classic, just whether it's regarded as such. :)

Sonic reducer, ain't no loser.

 * I agree, I think it's a pretty important punk song and is regarded as such. It was on Sire Records' recent retrospective compilation of important songs from their history --Avwhite 22:23, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, its more than minor. if you search google you can see Pearl Jam covered it (no idea why). DanieldaSilva

I think there legend has actally grown over the years.Thier music has aged well,much better than The Lords of The New Church.StivCa 20:03, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Um sure, there's a ton of references to this band, album and song here: I think you could justify "punk classic" from one of the reviewers there.(Astrocloud 05:05, 1 February 2007 (UTC))

New Gigs
It says on billboard.com  that the Dead Boys are playing a gig to benefit CBGBs - is this true? How? I think the wiki entry should be updated if they've reformed somehow (sans Stiv, of course) methelfilms 07:12, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

I Added a photo onto the page....tom-da-bomb

Fair use rationale for Image:The Dead Boys-Young Loud & Snotty (album cover).jpg
Image:The Dead Boys-Young Loud & Snotty (album cover).jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 03:35, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Sourcing
Just a little feedback on the sources added by in this edit. Thanks for adding references -- the sourcing in this article, overall, is really thin, so this is one of the most valuable kinds of improvements you can make. I don't think point #2 is a problem in this instance, because the specific facts attributed to this source do not seem especially dubious or controversial. There is a bit of flexibility when it comes to citing straightforward facts. But overall, to substantially improve an article like this, the best thing would be to find some coverage in well established publications with visible and respectable editorial practices, and incorporate those citations into the article. -Pete (talk) 21:15, 9 June 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) On a technical level, what you did is good, but there's one more step to most "elegantly" combine the multiple citations to the same source -- look closely at what I did here:  Specifically, after the first instance of the citation -- once you've created it and named it -- you can then refer back to it with a simpler format. So in this case, you can replace the 2nd and 3rd instance of the reference with this simpler text:
 * 2) In general, I think the source you have added is not especially good, in terms of Wikipedia's definition of a "reliable source". This is probably a challenging thing in the punk rock topic in general, since the topic of punk rock is not exactly an area where you'd expect to find a strong emphasis on the reliability of publishers, documentation of editorial practices, etc. But Wikipedia is not all that flexible on these points. Punk77's web site does not seem to have an "about us" page on their web site, or express anything about their editorial or fact-checking practices.
 * Hi -- I see you're adding more references, looking good! Do look into point #1 above, as reusing reference code will lead to a tidier article, easier for others to edit, etc. -Pete (talk) 18:19, 24 April 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 22 May 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Page moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) --  Dane talk  06:41, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

The Dead Boys → Dead Boys – Proper band title RF23 (talk) 13:17, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). --  Dane talk  18:52, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

The cited sources seem to refer to them predominantly as "The Dead Boys". only recently changed the article body to consistently use "Dead Boys". Build consensus on the talk page and find sources. Daask (talk) 17:57, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The sources are wrong. The band's name is listed as "Dead Boys" on all of their releases, their music on online catalogues such as spotify, apple music, amazon and google play music, allmusic, amongst others. Meanwhile many articles properly source the name. Several sources cite them as the Dead Boys (or The Dead Boys at the beginning of a paragraph/sentence) where that grammar fits, but The Dead Boys is not the name of the band, similar to how Red Hot Chili Peppers are not The Red Hot Chili Peppers and Foo Fighters are not The Foo Fighters, despite being referred to that in articles. RF23 (talk) 18:03, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I think you misunderstand me. The isn't about persuading me or anyone else, but about adding content to the article. See WP:But it's true! Please consider adding mention of the band name to the article, perhaps in a footnote, citing the sources you have suggested, while being mindful of WP:RS. I am doubtful that the catalogs are reliable sources.
 * Upon reviewing your sources, I agree with your proposed title change, but not with your changes to article phrasing, which I have reverted. Virtually all the sources you cited refer to them as "the Dead Boys" in sentences. Daask (talk) 13:24, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Support: The band knows what their own name is, and uses "Dead Boys". There is no confusion potential, so whether various later sources erroneously tack on a "The" sometimes (as they do with all such plural-form band names, e.g. Pixies and Barenaked Ladies) is ultimately irrelevant. This is a WP:ABOUTSELF matter: the primary sourcing of the band's own materials is sufficient to establish what their name really is.  Support also per WP:THE: We never prefix a "The" unless RS do so with almost totally uniform consistency, and that simply isn't the case here.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:06, 26 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:THE. Sources do not consistently use the "The" in caps.--Cúchullain t/ c 15:11, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Dead Boys


text:
Zarza

Zarza can be:

 * Zarza la Mayor, municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
 * Zarza de Tajo, municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
 * Zarza de Montánchez, municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
 * Zarza de Granadilla, municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura
 * Zarza-Capilla, Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura
 * Anselmo Zarza Bernal, Roman Catholic Bishop in Mexico
 * Rafael Zarza Gonzalez, Cuban artist specializing in painting, engraving and graphic design
 * Samuel ibn Seneh Zarza, Spanish philosopher who lived at Valencia in the second half of the 14th century

title: Zarza


text:
WKTB-CD

WKTB-CD (channel 47) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Norcross, Georgia, United States, serving the Atlanta area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by locally based Gray Television alongside CBS affiliate and company flagship WANF (channel 46), and The CW affiliate WPCH-TV (channel 17). WKTB-CD's studios are located on Green River Parkway in Duluth, and its transmitter is located on Goshen Springs Road (near the I-85/SR 140 interchange) just outside Norcross. Master control and most internal operations are based at the shared studios of WANF and WPCH-TV on 14th Street Northwest in Atlanta's Home Park neighborhood.

The 47.2 signal is rebroadcast in widescreen standard definition on full-power WANF to provide a Telemundo signal to the entire market, using virtual channel 47.1.

Early years
On April 2, 1990, John R. Broomall received the construction permit for a new low-power television station licensed to Roswell, Georgia, on channel 67. Broomall sold the permit to the Korean American TV Broadcasting Co. in April 1991.

By 1996, Korean American had added Telemundo programming, which aired for most of the day, alongside Chinese- and Korean-language fare. Korean programming aired from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and again from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m., emphasizing local news, alongside local church service broadcasts and South Korean news and entertainment programs.

The Korean programming, known as KTN, went full-time on a cable channel on AT&T Broadband systems in 2001, which increased its output from six hours a day. Programming continued to include imported and local productions. Meanwhile, channel 67 became channel 38, a result of the clearing of channels 60 to 69 for telecommunications use, in 2000, becoming W38CU. The station's coverage area did not reach much of the city of Atlanta, but it did reach areas of Gwinnett County and DeKalb County with significant ethnic populations.

Digital era
Korean American TV obtained a permit to construct W47DN-D as its digital companion channel on channel 47, with a superior technical facility covering much of the metropolitan area. In 2009, W38CU obtained Class A status and became WKTB-CA; this transferred to the digital transmitter in 2011 upon consolidation under one license. In 2009, the station reaffiliated with Telemundo. In August 2013, a subchannel on full-power WPXA-TV began repeating WKTB-CD's Telemundo feed in standard definition, using virtual channel 47.11. In June 2021, this moved to WSB-TV.

Sale to Gray Television
On February 7, 2022, it was announced that Gray Television would purchase WKTB-CD and sister company Surge Digital Media, an ad agency specializing in multicultural clients and services, for $30 million, pending approval of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); this would make WKTB-CD a sister station to Gray's duopoly of CBS affiliate WGCL-TV (channel 46, now WANF) and independent station WPCH-TV (channel 17). The sale was completed on April 1, and with it, its full-power simulcast moved to WGCL's spectrum, remaining mapped to 47.1.

Newscasts
In 2012, Telemundo Atlanta began offering a full local news service with newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m.; the station had previously produced three daily 90-second news briefs prior to the expansion. A 5:30 p.m. newscast was added in 2015. Telemundo Atlanta's news was originally helmed by local anchor Jorge Buzo, now of WUVC-DT in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Luis Estrada is the anchor of Noticiero Telemundo Atlanta.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

The WKTB-CD feed on the WANF multiplex uses channel 47.1.

title: WKTB-CD


text:
Ōreti River

The Ōreti River (formerly the Oreti River) is one of the main rivers of Southland, New Zealand, and is 170 km long. The river has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because, for much of its length, it supports breeding colonies of black-billed gulls.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of the snare" for Ōreti. In November 2019, the name of the river was officially altered to Ōreti River.

The Ōreti has its headwaters close to the Mavora Lakes between Lake Te Anau and Lake Wakatipu, and flows south across the Southland Plains to its outflow into Foveaux Strait at the southeastern end of Oreti Beach. En route, it runs through the towns of Lumsden and Winton, before passing through the city of Invercargill, close to the river's estuary.

For the final part of the river's length, around the city of Invercargill and the river's estuary just south of the city, it is known as the New River, a name occasionally encountered to refer to the whole river. It shares this estuary with several smaller rivers, most notably the Waihopai River.

The New River Estuary, which meets the end of the Ōreti River before it reaches the sea, is in decline. Recent science reports show that regions of the upper estuary are under stress and showing eutrophication. There is excessive macroalgal growth including sediment quality decline and high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the water column. Chlorophyll-a was used as an indicator of eutrophic conditions in the water column, and is a colour pigment present in many types of algae that can give an indication of how much algae is present in the water column.

The Invercargill Rowing Club relocated to the river in 1958.

title: Ōreti River


text: File:Warren Zevon - My Ride's Here.jpg

title: File:Warren Zevon - My Ride's Here.jpg


text:
User:MacGyverMagic/Discussions/Lipoproteins

Wnt and (apo)lipoproteins
I'm trying to find info on the following questions in scientific articles, but the specific info I need is never mentioned in the articles I read. Can anyone recommend some specific articles?
 * 1) What kind of a lipid modification does the wnt protein have and what other proteins share this modification?
 * 2) Are HDL particles loaded on the plasma membrane or in the cell?
 * 3) What is the function of the apolipoproteins (especially Apolipoprotein E)?
 * 4) What proteins are involved in the binding, endocytosis and secretion of HDL, and what diseases are related to deficiencies those proteins?
 * 5) How does lipoprotein transport and recycling work in mammals?

Remember, although answers to these questions are appreciated, articles that may help to answer these questions are welcomed even more. -- [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:09, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * Have you tried PubMed or similar databases? --inks 07:14, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I have. But they return such a huge amount of articles that I really have no clue what to read first. Tips on which key words to search for are appreciated as well.

 * Search terms "lipid modification the wnt protein" returned a single article, the abstract appears to be relevant to part 1 of your question. Also found this one with "apoE function expression review". I find that a good way to do it is brute force your way through the PubMed results till you find a relevant paper, then go for the articles they reference. --inks 07:25, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I think I found the first one myself, I'll give the other one a read through. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:55, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

For the more general answers on HDL metabolism I would recommend the latest edition of Scriver (Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease) (2003 I think) which is available in all med school and many hospital libraries, often on the reference shelf. A medical librarian should immediately recognize the request as it is a multivolume "encyclopedic" reference work. This is a good place to start. If I have time later, I'll see what I can find in Medline on wnt. You can refine your search by restricting to "review" articles that mention wnt and lipoprotein. I'll bet that makes it a manageable number. If you are lucky, the text for one or more may be online.Alteripse 15:57, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Biochemicals/Enzyme_Explorer/Key_Resources/Plasma__Blood_Protein/Apolipoprotein.html
 * Note: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Biochemicals/Enzyme_Explorer/Key_Resources/Plasma__Blood_Protein/Lipoprotein_Function.html
 * Apolip function:


text:
User talk:Li@m

Hi Li@m, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 07:10, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hi Liam
Hi Liam It's Paul Perlich How's it going? Great to see that you are a Wikipedian Keep up the good job on writing articles about the Saints and politics Cheers mate Paul —The preceding unsigned comment was added by PaulPerlich (talk • contribs) 03:40, 15 December 2006 (UTC).

WikiProject Judaism Newsletter
This newsletter was automatically delivered by ShepBot because you are a member of the WikiProject. If you would like to opt out of future mailings, please remove your name from this list. Delivered by §hepBot  ( Disable )  on 04:30, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Judaism Newsletter
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 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  02:44, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

The Judaism Newsletter
This newsletter was automatically delivered because you are a member of one or more Judaism related WikiProjects. If you would like to opt out of future mailings, please remove your name from this list. As always, please direct all questions, comments, requests, barnstars, offers of help, and angry all-caps anti-semitic rants to my talk page. Thanks, and have a great month. L'Aquatique [ approves | this | message  ] 20:31, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  21:24, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:AUJS logo new.jpg
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:08, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Guy Spigelman for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Guy Spigelman is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Guy Spigelman until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Thebiguglyalien ( talk ) 20:47, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Li@m


text:
User:NathanHawking/Personal style sheet

This personal style sheet reflects my preferences when options exist, and the Wikipedia style guides when they state a preferred practice--to the best of my knowledge.

Code Template
Title (from TheLanguage word, meaning) refers to:
 * definition one;
 * definition two.

General

 * Block quote goes here.&mdash;Name, The Title

Page layout and guidelines

Title
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Title (from TheLanguage word, meaning) refers to:
 * definition one;
 * definition two.

General

 * Titles: Capitalize only the first letter.
 * Contents: If the introduction is brief, force the table of contents using " " padded with two blank lines above and two below.
 * Links: Use internal links like this one only for terms which relate to the article and dates. Don't overdo.
 * Emphasis: To refer to a word like word, use italics. Italics are also for minor emphasis. Emphasize more with bold letters. Avoid overuse of emphasis. Deemphasize by using small letters.

Punctuation

 * Mdashes use North American convention—like this—without spaces. (Using the "--" form is also acceptable.)
 * Periods go outside "scare quotes". (Sigh.)
 * "Periods in real quotes go inside (if the quote would end with a period)."
 * Commas follow the same rules for quotes as periods.
 * Commas are used in series like "We brought Betty, a cow, and a piano." Remove the last comma for readings which make Betty a cow, unless she is.

Quotes

 * "Quotes within quotes 'use this' form."
 * Quoting short passages:
 * The introductory sentences:
 * When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth...—Author F. Name, The Title

 * Quoting longer passages begin each paragraph with quotation marks, and end the final paragraph with one.

title: User:NathanHawking/Personal style sheet


text:
Iris subg. Limniris

Subgenus Limniris is one subgenus of beardless irises, which don't have hairs on their drooping sepals, also called their falls.

'Limniris' is derived from the Latin for marsh or living-in-lakes iris, or pond iris. This refers to the fact that most species can be grown in moist habitats for part of the year.

It was originally described by Tausch in Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch (Deutsche Botaniker) in 1841. Édouard Spach made changes 1846 in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique).

It was divided into sections, 'Limniris', which is further divided down to about 16 series, and 'Lophiris' (also known as 'Evansias' or crested iris). They are both polyphyletic. It has 45 species, which are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.

It is a group that has been recognized with few changes since Dykes's 1913 monograph on the genus Iris. Lawrence (1953), Rodionenko (1987) and then Mathew (1989) all tried to modify the group. Various authors have tried to classify the list in various ways. It is still undergoing study and variations.

Section Limniris
(listed alphabetically)

Series Californicae Pacific Coast irises
 * Iris bracteata – Siskiyou iris
 * Iris chrysophylla – Yellow-leaved iris
 * Iris douglasiana – Douglas iris
 * Iris fernaldii – Fernald's iris
 * Iris hartwegii – Hartweg's iris, rainbow iris, Sierra iris
 * Iris innominata – Del Norte iris
 * Iris macrosiphon – Bowltube iris
 * Iris munzii – Munz's iris, Tulare lavender iris
 * Iris purdyi – Purdy's iris
 * Iris tenax – Tough-leaved iris, Oregon iris
 * Iris tenuissima Dykes – (Long-tubed iris)

Series Chinenses (from east Asia)
 * Iris henryi Baker
 * Iris koreana Nakai
 * Iris minutoaurea Makino
 * Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee
 * Iris proantha Diels
 * Iris rossii Baker
 * Iris speculatrix Hance

Series Ensatae
 * Iris lactea Pall.

Series Foetidissimae
 * Iris foetidissima L. – Stinking iris, Gladwin iris, stinking gladwin, gladdon, roast-beef plant

Series Hexagonae (known as the Louisiana irises)
 * Iris brevicaulis Raf. – Zigzag iris
 * Iris fulva Ker-Gawl. – Copper iris
 * Iris giganticaerulea – Giant blue iris, giant blue flag
 * Iris hexagona Walt. – Dixie iris
 * Iris nelsonii Randolph – (Abbeville iris)
 * Iris savannarum Small – Prairie iris

Series Laevigatae (which includes the Japanese irises)
 * Iris ensata Thunb. – Japanese iris, hanashōbu (Japanese) (including I. kaempferi)
 * Iris laevigata Fisch – Rabbitear iris, shallow-flowered iris, kakitsubata (Japanese)
 * Iris maackii Maxim.
 * Iris pseudacorus L. – Yellow iris, yellow flag
 * Iris versicolor L. – Larger blue flag, harlequin blueflag
 * Iris virginica L. – Virginia iris

Series Longipetalae (Rocky Mountain or long-petaled iris)
 * Iris longipetala Herb. – (Coast iris)
 * Iris missouriensis – Rocky Mountain iris, Western blue flag

Series Prismaticae (contains just one species from America)
 * Iris prismatica Pursh ex Ker-Gawl. – (Slender blue flag)

Series Ruthenicae
 * Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl.
 * Iris uniflora Pall.

Series Sibiricae (Siberian irises)
 * Iris bulleyana Dykes
 * Iris chrysographes – Black iris
 * Iris clarkei Baker
 * Iris delavayi Micheli
 * Iris forrestii  Dykes
 * Iris sanguinea Hornem. ex Donn – Blood iris, ayame (Japanese)
 * Iris sibirica – Siberian iris
 * Iris typhifolia Kitag.
 * Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright

Series Spuriae
 * Iris brandzae Prod.
 * Iris crocea Jacquem. ex R.C.Foster (including I. aurea)
 * Iris graminea L.
 * Iris halophila Pall.
 * Iris halophila var. sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov
 * Iris kerneriana Asch. & Sint.
 * Iris ludwigii Maxim.
 * Iris notha M.Bieb.
 * Iris orientalis Mill. – (Yellow-banded iris)
 * Iris pontica Zapal.
 * Iris pseudonotha Galushko
 * Iris sintenisii Janka
 * Iris spuria – Blue iris
 * Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae (Fomin) B.Mathew
 * Iris spuria subsp. demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew
 * Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn.
 * Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht.
 * Iris xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop

Series Syriacae (species with swollen leaf bases and spiney bristles)
 * Iris grant-duffii Baker
 * Iris masia Foster

Series Tenuifoliae (mostly semi-desert plants)
 * Iris anguifuga  Y.T.Zhao & X.J.Xue
 * Iris bungei Maxim.
 * Iris cathayensis Migo
 * Iris farreri Dykes
 * Iris kobayashii Kitag.
 * Iris loczyi Kanitz
 * Iris qinghainica Y.T.Zhao
 * Iris songarica Schrenk
 * Iris tenuifolia Pall.
 * Iris ventricosa Pall.

Series Tripetalae (mostly having three petals)
 * Iris hookeri  Penny – (Hooker's iris)
 * Iris setosa Pallas ex Link – (Beachhead iris)
 * Iris tridentata Pursh – (Savanna iris)

Series Unguiculares
 * Iris lazica Albov
 * Iris unguicularis Poir.

Series Vernae (contains just one species from America)
 * Iris verna L. – Dwarf violet iris

Section Lophiris
Otherwise known as 'Evansias' or crested iris.

 * Iris confusa
 * Iris cristata
 * Iris formosana
 * Iris japonica
 * Iris lacustris
 * Iris latistyla
 * Iris milesii
 * Iris subdichotoma
 * Iris tectorum (Wall iris)
 * Iris tenuis (Clackamas iris)
 * Iris wattii

External list

 * Clark University's classification of Iris

title: Iris subg. Limniris


text:
Leopold III of Austria

Leopold III of Austria may refer to:

 * Leopold III, Margrave of Austria, the Saint (1050–1136), Margrave of Austria from the house of Babenberg
 * Leopold III, Duke of Austria, (1351–1386), Duke of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Vorderösterreich of House of Habsburg, died in Battle of Sempach

title: Leopold III of Austria


text:
My Ride's Here

My Ride's Here is the eleventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon. The album was released on May 7, 2002, by Artemis Records. Zevon described it as "a meditation on death"; it was released several months before Zevon was diagnosed with terminal mesothelioma.

On My Ride's Here, Zevon collaborated with a number of writers from outside the world of music. The song "Basket Case" features in Carl Hiaasen's novel of the same name where it was performed by a fictional rock band. He also covers Serge Gainsbourg's "Laissez-Moi Tranquille" which roughly translates as "leave me alone". Gainsbourg first recorded it in 1960 on the Romantique 60 EP. "I Have to Leave" was a song written by Zevon's high school friend, Dan McFarland.

Reception
Mark Deming of AllMusic rated My Ride's Here two out of five stars. He stated that "the jokes tend to be a bit obvious", and that "the more introspective moments don't connect the way one might hope". However, he said that some of the tracks "are strong enough to remind listeners of just how talented Zevon still is". He concluded by saying that the album "is a misfire from an artist capable of much better work." Robert Christgau rated the album an A−, stating that Zevon was "at his best in the fictional-mythic mode that prevails".

Personnel

 * Warren Zevon – guitar, keyboards, vocals
 * Charlie Bisharat – violin on "Genius"
 * Larry Corbett – cello on "Genius"
 * Joel Derouin – violin on "Genius"
 * Anton Fig – drums
 * Sheldon Gomberg – bass guitar
 * David Letterman – background vocals on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)"
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)"
 * Sid McGinnis – guitar on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)"
 * Katy Salvidge – fiddle, tin whistle
 * Paul Shaffer – organ on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)"
 * Evan Wilson – viola on "Genius"
 * Michael Wolff – organ on "You're a Whole Different Person When You're Scared"
 * Jordan Zevon, Ariel Zevon, David Letterman – additional vocals

Production
 * Warren Zevon – producer, mixing, arranger
 * Michael Delugg – engineer
 * Harvey Goldberg – engineer
 * Klint Macro – engineer
 * Will Schillinger – engineer
 * Noah Scot Snyder – engineer, mixing
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * Michael Krumper – A&R
 * Henry Diltz – photography

Charts
Album

title: My Ride's Here


text: Talk:My Ride's Here

title: Talk:My Ride's Here


text: Talk:Genius: The Best of Warren Zevon

title: Talk:Genius: The Best of Warren Zevon


text: File:Warren Zevon - Genius The Best of Warren Zevon.jpg


text:
Stanol ester

Stanol esters is a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested, though to a much lesser degree than prescription drugs such as statins. The starting material is phytosterols from plants. These are first hydrogenated to give a plant stanol which is then esterified with a mixture of fatty acids also derived from plants. Plant stanol esters are found naturally occurring in small quantities in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, and vegetable oils.

Stanol ester is often added to rapeseed oil-based margarine or other foods for its health benefits. Studies have indicated that consumption of about 2-3 grams per day provides a reduction in LDL cholesterol of about 10-15%.

The compound itself passes through the gut, with very little entering the blood stream or lymph. Its presence in the gut, however, reduces both the amount of cholesterol the body absorbs from food and the reabsorption of the cholesterol component of bile. Despite a well documented cholesterol lowering effect, there are no data available indicating that functional foods supplemented with plant sterol esters reduce cardiovascular events. They are used in food products such as Benecol.

Sterol esters can also be used for the same purpose. These compounds have the same effect to LDL, but they are partially absorbed by the body. The effects of higher serum plant sterol levels are so far not completely understood.

Plant stanols in nature
Plant sterols are cholesterol-like molecules found in all plant foods, with the highest concentrations occurring in vegetable oils. Plant sterols are plant equivalents of cholesterol and have a very similar molecular structure. According to their structure, they can be divided into sterols and stanols, stanols being a saturated subgroup of sterols.

Plant stanols in human nutrition
Plant stanols are present in small amounts in human diet. Their main sources are whole-grain foods, mostly wheat and rye. The daily intake of stanols in the average western diet is about 60 mg/d, whereas the intake of plant sterols is about 150–300 mg/d and that of cholesterol is 500–800 mg/d. The relatively low natural levels of stanols in the diet are too low to have a significant effect on serum cholesterol levels.

Following evidence from toxicological studies and numerous clinical trials, stanols are characterised as safe by authorities in several European Union countries and by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Structure and properties
Stanol esters are a saturated subgroup of sterol esters. Plant stanol esters in Benecol products are fatty acid esters of plant sterols. The sterol part of the molecule is sitostanol or campestanol while the fatty acid residue originates from different vegetable oils.

Plant stanol esters have the following physical properties:
 * Fat-like with a waxy texture
 * Creamy white colour in the solid form
 * Viscous clear liquid with a bright yellow colour, bland odour and taste
 * Insoluble in water and soluble in fat (hydrophobic)
 * Viscosity higher than that of the triglyceride oil with the same fatty acid composition.

These physical properties can be tailored by changing the fatty acid composition. In different technological applications of Benecol products, the fatty acid part is selected so that the melting properties, texture and other characteristics of the plant stanol ester closely resemble the properties of the fat it replaces.

Oxidative and processing stability
Under normal storage and food preparation conditions, plant stanol esters are very stable because they are more resistant to oxidation than the commonest vegetable oils.

Using plant stanol esters in food applications instead of conventional fats does not decrease the shelf life of the end product. As is the case for all fats and oils, stanol esters should be protected from heat, air and light to prevent oxidation. If long-term storage is required, plant stanol esters are typically refrigerated in solid form. Furthermore, the usual antioxidants can be added to plant stanol ester products as they are to other oils or fats to minimise oxidation.

Lowering cholesterol
Esterified plant stanols have been proven to reduce cholesterol in a number of randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trials. However absolutely no effect on clinical endpoints such as CVD or mortality was demonstrated.

Dual effect of plant stanols
Plant stanols reduce both cholesterol and plant sterol levels in serum. This may be of importance since elevated plant sterol concentrations have been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Two ABC transporters (ABCG5 and ABCG8) play an important role in the regulating the intestinal absorption of plant sterols by resecreting previously absorbed plant sterols from the enterocytes back into the intestinal lumen.

Mutations in these transporter proteins lead to a rare congenital disease called sitosterolaemia, which is characterised by:
 * severely elevated serum plant sterol concentrations,
 * normal to moderately increased serum cholesterol concentrations, and
 * a high risk of developing CHD at a very early age.

It was recently shown that polymorphisms in the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes contribute to modifying serum plant sterol levels in healthy, non-sitosterolaemic individuals. Furthermore, several epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of developing heart disease seems to be increased even at more "normal" plant sterol levels. Since statins were shown to increase serum plant sterol concentrations, patients should probably not be treated with statins alone but with a combination therapy focusing simultaneously on improving the serum lipoprotein profile and lowering serum plant sterol concentrations.

Cholesterol absorption
The molecular mode of actions of stanols has been described in several preclinical and clinical trials and can be divided into two steps:
 * Step 1: Cholesterol absorption occurs via the formation of micelles with bile acids. Stanols displace cholesterol from these micelles so that less cholesterol is absorbed. Stanols need to be taken as part of a meal in order to be incorporated in the micelles.
 * Step 2: In vitro studies have shown that stanols activate LXR alpha, LXR beta and ABCA1 transporter proteins. It is thus hypothesised that stanols work in enterocytes by activating the excretion of cholesterol back into the intestinal lumen. Only stanols have been proven to retain their efficacy in long-term use, most likely due to the minimal absorption of stanols, and consequently their lack of effect on bile acid metabolism.

As a consequence of the reduced absorption of cholesterol, the absorption of fat-soluble components other than cholesterol, such as vitamins and antioxidants, may also be reduced. Like cholesterol, carotenoids and tocopherols are transported by lipoproteins. Since the number of LDL particles in circulation decreases after consumption of plant sterols or stanols, plasma concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols also decrease. This is why these antioxidants are often standardized to plasma lipid concentrations.

The results of randomised, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of plant sterols or stanols on fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants were summarised in 2003. Significant reductions were only seen in clinical trials for hydrocarbon carotenoids. These reductions are probably caused by reduced absorption and lower plasma concentrations of the carrier, LDL.

After correcting for cholesterol levels, only the reduction in the β-carotene level remained. It is important, however, that carotenoid and tocopherol levels remained within the normal ranges. Clinical trials also showed that when following the recommended diet, including consumption of vegetables and fruit, carotenoid levels did not decrease. Plasma concentrations of retinol (vitamin A), 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin K are unaffected by dietary plant sterols and stanols.

title: Stanol ester


text:
Australian immigration detention facilities

Australian immigration detention facilities comprise a number of different facilities throughout Australia, including the Australian territory of Christmas Island. Such facilities also exist in Papua New Guinea and Nauru, namely the Nauru Regional Processing Centre and the Manus Regional Processing Centre.

They are currently used to detain people who are under Australia's policy of mandatory immigration detention. Asylum seekers detected in boats in Australian waters have been detained in facilities on the offshore islands of Nauru and Manus Island, previously under the now defunct Pacific Solution and (since 2013 and ) under Operation Sovereign Borders.

The facilities' existence is controversial and has been condemned on human rights grounds and have even been likened to concentration camps by some critics and human rights groups. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has cited these centres as a "damning indictment of a policy meant to avoid Australia's international obligations".

Background
The Migration Act 1958 allowed discretionary detention of unauthorised arrivals until 1992. Since the 1990s when the Keating government created a policy of mandatory detention of unauthorised arrivals, with non-citizens arriving by boat without a valid visa being detained until they were either granted a visa, or deported.

Towards the end of the 1990s, a large increase in the number of unauthorised arrivals exceeded the capacity of the existing Immigration Reception and Processing Centres (IRPCs) at Port Hedland and Curtin.

Immigration Detention Centres (IDCs)

Immigration detention centres detain people who have overstayed their visa, breached their visa conditions and had their visa cancelled or have been refused entry at Australia's entry ports. This includes irregular maritime arrivals claiming asylum without passports, identity papers or valid entry visas. Under the Migration Act 1958, people arriving in this manner are classed as unlawful non-citizens and are currently subject to mandatory detention. However, in 1954 the Australian government ratified the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Under Article 31 of the convention, the Australian government is legally obligated to grant anyone fleeing persecution and seeking asylum the right to enter the country by whatever means possible. Furthermore, the Article states that signatory countries are not to impose penalties on or indefinitely restrict the freedom of movement of those seeking asylum.

Australia's Migration Act 1958 requires people who are not Australian citizens and who are unlawfully in Australia to be detained. Unless they are given legal permission to remain in Australia by being granted a visa, unlawful non-citizens must be removed from Australia as soon as reasonably practicable. The Australian government claims that immigration detention is not used to punish people. Instead, they claim it is an administrative function whereby people who do not have a valid visa are detained while their claims to stay are considered or their removal is facilitated.

There are, or were, centres located at:
 * Maribyrnong, established at Melbourne in 1966, closed in 2019.
 * Villawood, established at Sydney in 1976.
 * Perth, established in 1981.
 * North West Point, Christmas Island, established 2001.
 * Northern, established at Darwin in 2001, closed.
 * Baxter, near Port Augusta, SA, established 2002, closed 2007.
 * Brisbane, established in 2007 as Brisbane Immigration Transit Accommodation
 * Melbourne, established in 2008 as Melbourne Immigration Transit Accommodation
 * Wickham Point, established at Darwin in 2011, closed in 2016.
 * Curtin, near Derby, WA, reopened in 2010, closed in 2014.
 * Scherger, near Weipa, Queensland, opened 2010, closed 2014.
 * Adelaide, established in 2011 as Adelaide Immigration Transit Accommodation
 * Yongah Hill, near Northam, WA, established in 2012.

Immigration Residential Housing (IRH)
Immigration residential housing was a previously used form of immigration detention, which provided an option for accommodating people in independent family-style housing in a community setting while still formally being detained. This type of facility was one of several types of alternative residential accommodation for detained people, subject to them meeting eligibility criteria. They were previously located in:
 * Perth
 * Sydney
 * Port Augusta

Immigration Transit Accommodation (ITA)
Immigration Transit Accommodation was a form of immigration detention used until July 2023. The Brisbane Immigration Transit Accommodation opened in November 2007 and the Melbourne Immigration Transit Accommodation opened in June 2008. Further immigration transit accommodation opened in Adelaide in 2011. ITCs were for short-term, low-risk detainees, however the Melbourne facility was extended with a high-security compound in 2018.
 * Brisbane (now Brisbane Immigration Detention Centre)
 * Melbourne (now Melbourne Immigration Detention Centre)
 * Adelaide (now Melbourne Immigration Detention Centre)

Alternative Places of Detention (APOD)
Alternative Places of Detention (APOD) can accommodate any person who is in immigration detention. APOD may range from hospital accommodation in cases of necessary medical treatment, rented accommodation in the community (hotel rooms, apartments), or accommodation in the community made available through arrangements with other government departments. They may be located in all parts of Australia, including Christmas Island.

Pacific Solution facilities
Since the implementation of the Pacific Solution Australia also funded immigration detention centres on:
 * Manus Regional Processing Centre, Papua New Guinea closed in February 2008, re-opened on 22 November 2012 (re-closed on 23 November 2017).
 * Nauru Regional Processing Centre closed in February 2008, re-opened in 2012.

Services to immigration centres
Most facilities were operated by Australasian Correctional Management (a subsidiary of G4S) under contract from the Department of Immigration until 2003, when ACM exited the market. Between 2003 and 2009, G4S was appointed as the contractor to manage a large number of facilities. Its contract was not renewed and in 2009 Serco Australia was awarded a five-year contract.

Manus Regional Processing Centre was operated by the International Organization for Migration, then by G4S, then by Broadspectrum (formerly Transfield) with security sub-contracted to Wilson Security.

Nauru Regional Processing Centre was operated by Broadspectrum and Wilson Security, and then later by Canstruct International (with a $591 million contract) and finally by a Nauruan Government Commercial Entity.

The 3 new immigration detention facilities in Lorengau on Manus Island have security and some services provided by Paladin Group under a contract worth more than $423 million.

Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre was once operated by G4S but is now operated by Serco as of April 2019.

Controversy

The facilities have been a source of much controversy during their time of operation. There have been a number of riots and escapes, as well as accusations of human rights abuses from organisations such as refugee advocates, Amnesty International, the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Human Rights Watch, and the United Nations. Journalists are forbidden from entering the detention centres.

In January 2014, the Australian Labor Party and the Australian Greens accused the government of a cover-up over a violent clash on 18 October 2013 at the Manus Island facility between the Papua New Guinea army and the Papua New Guinea police mobile squad hired for the facility's security, leading to Australian expatriate staff being evacuated, while local staff and asylum seekers remained. On 5 May 2014, it was reported that several Salvation Army staffers had alleged that refugees were regularly subjected to beatings, racial slurs, and sexual assaults within the facility.

In March 2002, Irene Khan, the Secretary General of Amnesty International, said:

"It is obvious that the prolonged periods of detention, characterised by frustration and insecurity, are doing further damage to individuals who have fled grave human rights abuses. The detention policy has failed as a deterrent and succeeded only as punishment. How much longer will children and their families be punished for seeking safety from persecution?"

Refugee "Swap" with the US
In 2016 the Australian government announced an intention to exchange some proven refugees from either Nauru and/or Manus Island for certain displaced people presently in Central America as part of an agreement with the Obama administration of the United States.

In early 2017 Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that he was confident the agreement would proceed, despite the change of President to Donald Trump. However, latest information appears to cast doubt on the willingness of the US government to honour any such agreement, especially in light of Trump's executive order suspending entry to the US from several countries.

On 2 February 2017 Australian news outlets, quoting the Washington Post, reported that a telephone conversation between Trump and Turnbull had been acrimonious in relation to the "swap", and that Trump had terminated the call ahead of time. Trump has expressed admiration over the detention facilities, opining that the US should do the same.

On 4 February 2019 the remaining 4 children who had been detained on Nauru were sent to the U.S.

In May 2019, it was revealed that some of the U.S. detainees sent to Australia in the "swap", were Rwandan men, former members of the Army for the Liberation of Rwanda, who had been accused of mass-murdering tourists in 1999. They had been held in U.S. immigration detention for over 15 years, but were on the verge of being released into the U.S. after a court ruled that their confessions had been obtained by torture. In November 2018 the men were secretly brought to Australia. The Turnbull government knew about the allegations against the men when they agreed to accept them. The Australian and U.S. Governments initially refused to comment on the matter, but later Prime Minister Scott Morrison said that the men had been assessed by security agencies.

The former New Zealand foreign affairs minister Gerry Brownlee described Australia's behaviour as "incredibly insensitive" and said that New Zealand would have "appreciated a heads up" that Australia was about to resettle men accused of brutally murdering two New Zealanders [among others].

Suicide and self-harm attempts increase on Manus
After the Australian Liberal Party were re-elected in the 2019 Australian federal election, reports of despair and attempted self-harm and suicide were reported from Manus. The men had hoped with Labor in government, the New Zealand offer would be accepted and they would at last be resettled. By 4 June there had been at least 26 attempts at suicide or self-harm by men in the Lorengau camps and Port Moresby (in the hospital and accommodation for sick asylum seekers). The PNG paramilitary police squad was deployed around one of the camps in an attempt to deter suicide and self-harm attempts. Lorengau general hospital has been handling many of the self-harm and suicide cases, despite the Australian government contract with Pacific International Health (PIH), because of the seriousness of the cases. The police commander commented that they were doing all they could, but severe mental illness arose because of the effect of long-term detention on the men.


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Anthony DiPierro

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship that did not succeed. Please do not modify it.

Anthony Dipierro
!Vote here (4/16/3) ending 07:20 1 November 2004 (UTC)

Due to the presense of Kate's script I have decided to reject this request made on my behalf. Instead I hope that I can be given permission to use this script. anthony 警告 19:22, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I've added a proposal to allow non-admins to use the script at Viewing deleted articles. anthony 警告 22:36, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This request is not to give adminship rights to Anthony DiPierro. It is a request to make it possible for Anthony to view deleted material and to make it possible for him to copy it to his fork, McFly. The long-term way of implementing this will be a software change. However whilst that is in development I propose that

 * 1) Anthony is made an admin on a technical level, with the proviso that
 * 2) Anthony does not use the rights provided to him on that technical level, other than to view/copy deleted material.
 * 3) If Anthony breaches the clause above, he would be de-admined immediately and be banned for a period dependent on the severity of the breach (minimum one day) to be determined by the demote-ing bureaucrat steward/developer.
 * 4) Note in order to make this order enforceable, it would be apply whether or not the admin action was a good thing to do or not.

Motivation: Those of you who read the WikiEN-l mailing list will have noticed the deluge of posts about deletion. I believe that this move would be the good of the whole community simply by reducing the amount of friction on VfD and VfU. Anthony would be able to make what he considers to be a decent encyclopedia on McFly, and others would not to have put up with what they call "provocative" edits on VfD/VfU (*)

(*) For the record, I believe the "provocative" quote was made in relation to edits made about half-a-year ago. There is no doubt that Anthony has become ten times more easy to work with since then, and I think if this request is granted it would be a reflection of the community's approval for this complete turnaround in behaviour, rather than a way of encouraging bad behaviour.

To reiterate: This is not a normal request for adminship. Well-thought-out comments, whether they be to support or oppose, are a lot more helpful than knee-jerk reactions. The only reason the request is on this page at all is that there is no more appropriate page.

--Pcb21| Pete

 * Does the user accept this nomination as per normal procedure? - Ta bu shi da yu 08:36, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Pcb, I signed what you wrote so that it can be easily distinguished from what I am writing here.

A little background on what was written above, since the relevant background is really not give in Pcb's description above: Anthony DiPierro runs a website called http://www.mcfly.org/en/. It is derived from Wikipedia, but it attempts to preserve pages that are deleted on Wikipedia, which is why Pcb is attempting to give Anthony DiPierro the right to view deleted pages. —Lowellian (talk)  07:41, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

I didn't know about this page until just now. I was asked somewhere (I think it was via email) if I was given adminship under these terms would I accept it, and my answer was and still is yes. But I don't think this is the correct forum or procedure for such a request, and I even said in my answer that I don't think it's the best solution anyway. I would much prefer something along the lines of Kate's tool. But I do plan on applying for real admin privileges in the future. anthony 警告

Here's the content of that email:
 * On Sun, 24 Oct 2004 18:44:25 -0500, Phil Sandifer
 * wrote:
 * > Two questions, then.
 * > 1) Would Anthony be willing to make a promise not to use any admin
 * > rights for anything other than viewing and exporting deleted pages?
 * > (Barring, of course, an RfA that gives him the authority to do so)
 * In the unlikely event (in my opinion) that I was given such admin
 * privileges, I would certainly agree to this. Not sure if this would
 * make things more or less likely, but I'd have no problem if it was a
 * separate account.
 * make things more or less likely, but I'd have no problem if it was a
 * separate account.

Support
 * 1) Pcb21| Pete 07:20, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC) (Nominator)
 * 2) Netoholic @ 07:22, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC) --  He has my support for full administrator status.
 * 3) [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 07:25, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Prefer if it was possible for people (in general) to see deleted articles. Κσυπ Cyp  2004年10月25日 (月) 11:54 (UTC)

Oppose
 * No, no, no, no, no, no. Maybe when hell freezes over. This user has repeatedly gotten in trouble for trolling. So I suppose we should set a good example and reward it by making him an admin. →Raul654 07:35, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * To reiterate: This is not a normal request for adminship. Well-thought-out comments, whether they be to support or oppose, are a lot more helpful than knee-jerk reactions. Pcb21| Pete 07:40, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * And to reiteriate - this *IS* adminship, however you want to package it. And no, I do not think we should be rewarding trolling with adminship. →Raul654 07:42, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * No it's not adminship. I've spelt out that bluntly. Admins can protect pages, delete pages... Anthony could not. I, and others in the comment do not regard Anthony's recent behaviour as trolling... nevertheless you and some others don't like some of the things he writes because he has a more liberal view of things than you... I am offering you a way for you to have read it. Think of the wonders it will do to your blood pressure :). Pcb21| Pete 12:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) If Anthony does not desire to be an admin for any purpose other than to view deleted articles, and he is able to use Kate's tool, mentioned below, to do so, then I see no reason to give him admin status. --Slowking Man 07:36, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) *I do desire to be an admin for other purposes, including easy reversion of indisputable vandalism, deletion of indisputable patent nonsense, editing of permanently protected pages to make minor edits or after receiving consensus support for the change, and deletion of material which has gone through the proper due process procedures without any serious objection. This request was made without my knowledge, though I did say that I would accept adminship if it was given on these terms, so long as I could run for full adminship at some time in the future.  anthony 警告 16:35, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Why does Anthony merit this unusual treatment? Vfd has become a scary place. JFW |  T@lk  07:39, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I would advocate giving this right to people who want it - though for widespread use it would definitely have to be a software solution along the lines of Kate's tool. Pcb21| Pete 12:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Strongly oppose. This request requires monitoring and enforcement and further taxes the time of other Wikipedia editors. There is no reason for a user to deserve this kind of unusual treatment, and it would create a bad precedent leading to other, even more unusual requests.   —Lowellian (talk)   07:42, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * The protracted debate about deletion shows that there is a reason. My thinking was that enforcement would be a tiny dimple of the great elephant's bottom of admining that people already do. Pcb21| Pete 12:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. I'm happy for a compromise to go ahead along these lines, but not involving giving him adminship. Why can't he use Kate's tool? Ambi 08:01, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * To be clear, Kate kindly wrote her tool in response to this request. I certainly think that route should be opened up to him now that it exists, and it looks like a possible way of getting community agreement. Pcb21| Pete 12:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Definitely no. Anthony has a difficult time resolving his perspective with group consensus, and often seems not to care if his comments go unexplained and merely appear contrary.  I do not think we have any basis for believing we can even understand what this arrangement would mean to him, or how he may try to rationalize any kind of action under it later.  It would just mean a monitoring headache and endless circular arguments over what exactly was agreed to.  Postdlf 08:12, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A fair point about the contrariness, I have seen that myself, though I am glad it is diminishing, and this would be a way to diminish it further. As for the point about circular arguments, I did foresee that problem and wrote my proposal to avoid them. They are simple: Anthony uses admin powers other than for viewing/copying deleted articles then he loses them completely, whether the action was for good or for ill (other solutions would be too vague). Pcb21| Pete 12:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean by "resolving [my] perspective with group consensus". I certainly don't change my perspective to fit in with the rest of the group, but I am very good at resolving the conflicts between my perspective and that of the rest of the group.  Understanding the arrangment is quite simple.  The only admin power I would be allowed to use is that of viewing deleted articles until such time as I was granted full adminship by a separate RfA request. anthony 警告 17:04, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) I can't, in good conscience, vote to support something like this. Mike H 12:00, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * No, for many reasons. McFly is a distraction that doesn't further any Wikipedia-related purpose.  Anthony DiPierro has made a pest of himself on numerous occasions here and does not respect limits or community.  And offering deleted material to a mirror for republication may create problems for us particularly since it includes copyright violations.  uc 12:57, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) I am often editing Supreme Court case articles, so maybe my views are a little twisted, but I can see this vote as nothing more than a precedent and it would be a bad one in my opinion. While I often support new ideas, exceptions should be made for exceptional Wikipedians. I have not seen anything from this user to think that he should be made an exception to any rule. I'm sorry. Skyler1534 13:04, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's unclear to me what rule we have for which an exception would be needed. anthony 警告 17:06, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) CryptoDerk 13:47, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose.Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 15:42, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY STRONGLY OPPOSE. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 15:48, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * CARE TO EXPLAIN WHY????. Pcb21| Pete 21:24, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Raul's reasoning is more than enough. BLANKFAZE | (что??<b style="font-size:90%;">)</b> 21:27, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) [[User:Bobdoe| Bob Doe ]] 20:29, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) RickK 21:41, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Strongly oppose. Anthony has shown a pattern of agreeing to cease trollish behavior, then starting right back up again after a little time has passed. I don't doubt that he would pull the same sorts of shenanigans if he was given admin privileges and "promised" not to use them for anything other than viewing deleted articles.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:59, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) *This comment is completely devoid of any basis in reality. anthony 警告 17:11, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) WHEN HELL FREEZES OVER. NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER. Anthony should not get special rights. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 01:25, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Under no circumstances whatsoever should this user be given any rights as admin; I would however be supportive of an indefinite ban. Sjc 10:34, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL. anthony 警告 16:39, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) David Cannon 11:01, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC): Disclaimer: I've read many negative things about this user, but have not seen any. On the contrary, what I've seen of him gives me no cause for alarm.  Having said that, I am strongly opposed to the "customizing" of adminship by granting special cases, with special provisions, for special individuals.  Either we should or we should not trust this user, or any user, with sysophood.  Giving him the keys on the understanding that he will not use them is not fair to him or to anybody else.  One cannot be trusted with their use should not be trusted with their possession, period.  If we make this special case, it won't be long before we get dozens of users requesting customization of what should be something very straightforward - with endless tweaks here with users granted administrative access, with different rules of operation for each one.  I most emphatically believe that any position/privelege or whatever you want to call it must operate with uniform rules for all.
 * 2) *FWIW, I fully agree with the comments of David Cannon. anthony 警告 16:41, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) So far no comment or acceptance from Anthony DiPierro, or did i just miss it? In any case, the tool mentioned below should be enough for his needs -- Chris 73 Talk 13:38, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) *No one even told me about this! I didn't run into it until just now, when I happened to be going to the RfA page looking for that questionaire so I could begin working on a request for real adminship. anthony 警告 16:46, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) I have to vote no. Though I would definetly like to commend the users who decided on bringing this matter before the community rather than making a decision behind the scenes. I also have no objections to Kate Turner's technocratic solution. Arminius 18:23, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) In light of the tool, If the tool can't do the job, oppose, otherwise support. Shane King 07:27, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I left a suggestion on Anthony's talk page the other day encouraging him to start his own wiki for the school listings he enjoys defending.  Being totally ignorant of some of the more subtle aspects of a move like this, would his priviledge extend only to deleted original articles, like the school stubs? - Lucky 6.9 22:43, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) The tool can do the job it seems. Otherwise I'd support. --Conti|✉ 02:22, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)

Comments
 * http://download2.wikimedia.org/tools/view_deleted_article - give him permission from the Wikimedia Foundation and he won't need admin status.  — Kate Turner | Talk 07:22, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)
 * Ah, I didn't know about the existence of that solution. Incidentally I did ask on the mailing list first, thinking that was a more appropriate forum, but at least one correspondent requested I also ask here. Pcb21| Pete 07:32, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I only wrote it earlier in response to discussion of this on IRC (I don't read wikien-l). I was originally going to make something similar available to all users, but there are various legal objections to that preventing it from happening.   — Kate Turner | Talk 07:34, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)
 * I have been reading Wiki-L. Anthony has said that he doesn't keep for the sake of keeping. I suggest that this is a particularly silly thing to vote for. In my opinion this should not be on this page, and it's almost a personal attack. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:36, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I have to ask: Who am I personally attacking - Anthony or his opponents? Pcb21| Pete 12:58, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Crap. Didn't read the proposal at all well. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:35, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How would I go about requesting such permission? Does this tool include this history and author information? anthony 警告 16:51, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The above adminship discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the talk page of either this nomination or the nominated user). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
'Merican

'Merican is an EP by the American punk rock band Descendents, released February 10, 2004. It was the band's first release for Fat Wreck Chords and served as a pre-release to their sixth studio album Cool to Be You, released the following month. The EP includes two songs from the album: "Nothing with You" and Merican", and three B-sides from the album's sessions: "Here with Me", "I Quit", and the hidden track "Alive". Merican marked the first release of new studio material from the Descendents since 1996's Everything Sucks and was their third release ever to chart, peaking at number 29 on Billboards Top Independent Albums chart and at number 38 on Top Heatseekers.

Background and recording
In 1987, Descendents singer Milo Aukerman had left the band to pursue a career in biochemistry. The remaining members—bassist Karl Alvarez, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and drummer Bill Stevenson—changed the band's name to All and released eight albums on Cruz Records and Interscope Records between 1988 and 1995 with singers Dave Smalley, Scott Reynolds, and Chad Price. Aukerman contributed occasional songwriting and backing vocals, and in 1995 decided to return to music. The members decided to operate as two bands, working with Aukerman as the Descendents and with Price as All. Both bands signed to Epitaph Records and the Descendents released Everything Sucks in 1996. Following the album's supporting tours Aukerman had returned to his science career, though he recorded backing vocals for All's 1998 album Mass Nerder. All also released Problematic in 2000 and Live Plus One in 2001, a double live album that included a Descendents disc recorded in 1996.

The recording sessions for the Descendents' sixth studio album Cool to Be You took place with Aukerman in February 2002 at The Blasting Room in Fort Collins, Colorado, with additional recording done in April at Planet of Sound in Wilmington, Delaware, and were produced by Stevenson. The band recorded the music for the songs live in the studio with minimal overdubbing, and Aukerman's vocals were recorded over the instrumental tracks. However, these recordings were not released for another two years. Stevenson explained that the gap of eight years between Descendents albums was due to the band members having children, and his father's death.

Release
For the releases of 'Merican and Cool to Be You the Descendents signed to Fat Wreck Chords. Label head and musician Fat Mike was a longtime fan of the band, and his enthusiasm for working with them was a major factor in their decision to sign to the label. Stevenson commented that "If you've got the owner of the label saying he wants to put out a record by what is probably his favorite band of all time, that's rad. That's the best possible position for a band to be in." The 'Merican EP was released in February 2004, followed by the full-length album in March. Stevenson remarked that the EP served as a teaser for Cool to Be You: "It's funny because, from the old Descendents fan's point of view, it's kind of like 'What? Why did they put out this EP? It doesn't even have the best songs on it. I waited seven years for this?' But from the newer kids perspective, it's more like, hey let's try to introduce this new decade of kids to Descendents so it's at least on the tip of their tongue when the album comes out." 'Merican was released on both compact disc and extended play formats, each with a different cover, drawn by Jeff Hagedorn, depicting the band's Milo character dressed as Uncle Sam.

Themes
The songs on 'Merican address topics including love and relationships, sociopolitical commentary, and frustrations with life in a touring band. Aukerman remarked that "there's no part of the 'Merican EP that is a retread of anything we've done in the past. Some of the songs are major departures for us, like 'Here with Me,' and the hidden track 'Alive.' Even the title song is actually a stretch for us; if you look back on all the songs we have done, there are very few that have any 'political' content in them." Merican" addresses positive and negative aspects of American history, celebrating cultural figures such as Otis Redding, Duke Ellington, and Walt Whitman while condemning slavery, Joseph McCarthy, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Vietnam War.

"I Quit" was written by Aukerman about the frustrations of being in a band and on the road, with lyrics such as "Sick all the time, I miss my wife / I quit / Got better things to do with my life / I quit". Aukerman explained of the song:

I can't even count the number of times I've quit this band, dating back to 1982 and Milo Goes to College! Like most of my songs, "I Quit" is my attempt to capture those emotions that come and go, the transient ones. Those types of emotions, to me, make for the best songs because they tend to be extreme! So there is no "message" to the song, just me spewing about the negative aspects of band life. At the time I wrote the song, I really did want to quit. I don't really care how people take the song; as the line says, "I don't give a flying fuck what you think of me."

Reception
Merican became the third Descendents release to chart (following Everything Sucks and Live Plus One), peaking at number 29 on Billboards Top Independent Albums chart and at number 38 on Top Heatseekers. John Luerssen of Allmusic gave it three and a half stars out of five, remarking that "Nothing with You" "revisit[s] the timeless lovelorn attack of cherished songs from their past like 'Wendy,' 'Clean Sheets,' and 'Silly Girl, while Merican" "harks back to vintage Bad Religion" and "I Quit" is "a nervous, edgy 'Catalina'-like throwback". He was less complimentary about the other two songs, calling "Here with Me" merely a "palatable midtempo number" and "Alive" "worth skipping, as it drags in a way that no Descendents number has a right to."

Trivia
Here With Me was originally written in 1989 by Milo and first played with his short lived band Milestone.

Personnel
Band
 * Karl Alvarez – bass guitar
 * Milo Aukerman – lead vocals
 * Stephen Egerton – guitar, recording engineer
 * Bill Stevenson – drums, producer

Additional performers
 * Chad Price – backing vocals

Production
 * Jason Livermore – recording engineer, mix engineer, mastering
 * Andrew Berlin – additional engineer
 * Brad Newsom – additional engineer
 * Jeff Hagedorn – cover illustration, design, layout
 * Jesse Fischer – photography

title: 'Merican


text:
Chloraseptic

Chloraseptic is an American brand of oral analgesic that is produced by Tarrytown, New York–based Prestige Consumer Healthcare, and is used for the relief of sore throat and mouth pain. Its active ingredient is phenol (just in Sore Throat Spray, not in Sore Throat Lozenges), a compound whose antiseptic properties were discovered by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge.

Other Chloraseptic formulas are based on benzocaine.

History
Chloraseptic was invented and originally made by Robert Schattner; it was later bought by Richardson-Vicks, which merged with Cincinnati, Ohio–based Procter & Gamble in 1985.

Products
Its current spray products include Cherry Throat Spray, MAX Wild Berry Targeted Throat Spray, Menthol Throat Spray, Warming Honey Lemon Throat Spray, Cherry On-The-Go Throat Spray, and Citrus Throat Spray.

Its current lozenge products include MAX Wild Berry, TOTAL Wild Cherry, Cherry with Soothing Liquid Center, TOTAL Sugar-Free Wild Cherry, Citrus with Soothing Liquid Center, and Warming Honey Lemon.

title: Chloraseptic


text:
Talk:Fletcher Christian

Untitled
17 February 2006: I have added links to the Fletcher Christian page re: geneology. The information about Maimiti's marriage and relationship with Fletcher Christian is accurate with regards to information handed down within the family (i.e., NOT from Nordoff & Hall). (I, myself, am a descendent of F.C. and Maimiti.) I have also added links to some of the historical information that is available online via Norfolk Island and Pitcairn Island about the mutineers and Tahitians on Pitcairn Island. I believe that Bligh's reputation was tarnished by the family of one of the sailors, not the Christians, in order to protect the family's reputation. I don't have the citation for that, though. I'll look around and if I can find it, I'll post it. -- silverfern_nc

I have some concerns about this page. The first is the assertion that Christian married a Tahitian woman on his return to Tahiti and furthermore that she was the daughter of a chief. The story told by some surviving Pitcairner's as well as Christian's crew is that their second stop at Tahiti was only for a few hours, and that the Bounty departed without warning in the middle of the night (effectively kidnapping several Tahitian women). There also did not appear to be any evidence that any woman was Christian's particular favourite, or who she might have been if there was one. I believe that this marriage to a "Maimiti" is simply taken from the Nordhoff/Hall Bounty Trilogy, which fictionalized many aspects of the story. Unless references can be provided for this section (other than the Nordhoff/Hall book), I recommend it be edited, which I will do barring any objections.

Secondly, a whole section concerning the blackening of Bligh's reputation by Edward Christian was deleted. This section is important, interesting, and moreover supported by historical documents. Can the person who deleted it please give reasons why this was done? Otherwise I recommend it be returned to its original form. Dhris 19:44, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * 17 February 2006: I have added links to the Fletcher Christian page re: geneology.  The information about Maimiti's marriage and relationship with Fletcher Christian is accurate with regards to information handed down within the family (i.e., NOT from Nordoff & Hall).  (I, myself, am a descendent of F.C. and Maimiti.)  I have also added links to some of the historical information that is available online via Norfolk Island and Pitcairn Island about the mutineers and Tahitians on Pitcairn Island.  I believe that Bligh's reputation was tarnished by the family of one of the sailors, not the Christians, in order to protect the family's reputation.  I don't have the citation for that, though.  I'll look around and if I can find it, I'll post it. -- silverfern_nc

 * The article is still in bad shape in my opinion. The business about Maimiti (i.e. that they married on Tahiti and that she was the daughter of a chief) is unsourced and needs to come out unless a proper reference can be added. Claiming that it is an accurate representation of family lore does not make it acceptable for an article. Plus, I still like the old section about Edward Christian's attack on Bligh and I think its removal was inappropriate. It was indeed Edward Christian who wrote a pamphlet attacking Bligh with the help of several of the former crew of the Bounty. Finally, where did that painting of Fletcher Christian come from? To my knowledge no contemporary paintings or drawings of Christian exist. It claims to be an "official portrait" but that is highly dubious. Can whoever added it please comment? Otherwise, we need to either remove it, or explain in the caption that it is merely a modern rendering. Dhris (talk) 17:39, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I have now removed the "official portrait". It was not an official portrait but was an item from a Bounty art site that sells prints. Rather than clarifying its provenance and then worrying about the copyright issues, I have chosen just to remove it. A fanciful painting of Christian adds nothing to the article anyway. Dhris (talk) 00:29, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Above-referenced fanciful painting seems to have returned. Bigmac31 (talk) 16:22, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

17 July 2009: @Dhris...I just saw your comments from 2008 to my comments of 17 Feb 2006 ; I come back and forth to this page.

Re: your comment: "The business about Maimiti (i.e. that they married on Tahiti and that she was the daughter of a chief) is unsourced and needs to come out unless a proper reference can be added."

I understand your point, but...what would you consider a "proper reference"? Other than the link to the Peerage page, which I added c. 2006-2007, what documentation would you like to see or be linked to? Have you looked for any supporting evidence of a marriage? Have you found any sourced references that indicate a marriage did not take place and she was his consort only? If so, where did the marriage date come from and why is it in all of the genealogical documents, both online and what my family has, and what historians have studied?

The only source I can think of that would "prove" the marriage would be The Bounty's logs, and I have no way to access those...and that assumes the marriage was logged. The logs have been made into rare volumes (http://www.genesis-publications.com/fame/bounty.html) but I don't have access to it. Silverfern nc (talk) 05:30, 17 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Hi Silverfern. Thanks for the note. I think this article is in very rough shape, containing many glaring factual errors, as well as items that don't really belong in the article. I had kind of given up on it, but I am glad to engage in a discussion about it. For the time being, I guess we are talking about this:

 * "Abandoning the island, he stopped briefly in Tahiti where he married Maimiti, the daughter of one of the local chiefs, on June 16, 1789."

 * My objection stems from the fact that most accounts give Christian returning to Tahiti from Tubuai only for a short time and never actually going ashore. Also, statements given by the people who stayed at Tahiti seem to indicate that Christian was not attached to any particular woman. Here's two excerpts from an Appendix, from 1794, to published transcripts of the mutineer trials:
 * They reached Otaheite [Tahiti] on the 27th of September 1789, and came to an anchor in Matavai Bay about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and the sixteen were disembarked with their portions of the arms and other necessaries. Christian took leave of Mr. Stewart and Mr. Heywood, and told them he should sail that evening...

 * During his short stay at Otaheite, Christian was much pressed to go on shore to visit the King, but he declined it, saying, "How can I look him in the face, after the lie I told him when I was here last?" (The Bounty Mutiny, Penguin Classics, page 147)
 * Now, this appendix was written by Fletcher Christian's brother Edward based on interviews he did with the survivors from Tahiti, so some of it may be exaggerated to make Fletcher seem more sympathetic. However, the dates are surely not in question, so at the very least, the June 16, 1789 date for Christian's second stop in Tahiti and marriage is not correct. Perhaps one could argue that the June 16 date is correct for the marriage and it therefore needs to be placed during Christian's first return to Tahiti, before the attempt to settle Tubuai. However, Edward Christian goes on,
 * As this paragraph contains an assertion, that Christian had a favourite female at Otaheite, it is proper that it should be known, that although Christian was upon shore, and had the command of the tent all the time that Captain Bligh was at Otaheite with the Bounty, yet the officers who were with Christian upon the same duty declare, that he never had a female favourite at Otaheite, nor any attachment or particular connexion among the women.(The Bounty Mutiny, Penguin Classics, pages 148-149)
 * As I say, this may not be accurate, but I have seen no accounts that dispute it except for your Peerage link (and the fictionalized Nordhoff-Hall book). I have neither heard of nor read any statements given by any witnesses or people involved in the case that contain information about any marriage on Tahiti. A contemporary report that does mention it is what I would consider to be a proper reference. In my view, family lore does not qualify. Additionally, even if I did accept that the information in the Peerage is accurate (which is obviously possible), it contains no indication of who Maimiti's father was, and therefore the claim that she was the daughter of a local chief is unsupported. Now, you say there are some kind of family documents and if so, and they contain more information than what is in the Peerage link, it would be helpful if the rest of us could look at them somehow since they would need to appear in the article as a reference anyway.

Dhris (talk) 04:44, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Ok, I have changed the sentence for now. I also edited the preceding sentence claiming Christian was "terrorized" on Tubuai by "cannibalistic natives". This is an exaggeration at best. Dhris (talk) 21:01, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Of course, my edits got immediately reverted without comment. Can whoever did that please join in this discussion. Dhris (talk) 16:09, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Your edit didn't get immediately reverted, part of it was reverted. The cannibalistic natives was left out. This isn't how such conflicting information is handled. If family accounts include the story that Christian married someone, then it should be presented. It can certainly be qualified by saying something to the effect of "family accounts state that Christian blah, blah", but it's beyond Wikipedia to decide what is true and what isn't true. All viewpoints must be presented, even if they conflict. Wildhartlivie (talk) 22:15, 19 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't agree that all viewpoints have their place in an encyclopedia article, especially when they are unsupported and unsourced. The problem I have with this part of the article is not only that the claim does not appear in any contemporary accounts (and there are a few of them), but that the reference used in the article for this information doesn't even support it. It doesn't mention that Christian's "wife" was the daughter of a chief and the date it gives for the marriage is well before Christian's second return to Tahiti. So at best, half of the disputed sentence is unsourced. Even family lore has to have a proper source if it is going to appear in an encyclopedia article. I could agree with the information being added in the way you suggest, by prefacing it with "family accounts state...", if a better reference exists and if it is also pointed out that it was not mentioned in the accounts of any of the witnesses to the events. Dhris (talk) 04:02, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Dhris, this is, indeed, a mystery. When I say "family lore", I simply mean Miamiti is referred to as Christian's wife. Whether or not she was the daughter of a chief, I cannot say. The paper genealogy that my mother has (she lives several hours away) indicates they were married; P.J. Lareau's copy indicates that they were married on 16 June 1789. I'll contact some people and see what I can find re: verification. I located a copy of the Bounty's logs, forgetting that they went with Bligh once they were set adrift. However, in the Forward, written by Earl Mountbatten, he states, "Some of the Englishmen formed deep attachments and for them the departure of the Bounty was an agony. Among these was the ship's tall, handsome, second-in-command, Fletcher Christian, who fell romantically in love with a chieftain's daughter, whom he named Isabella". Mountbatten also wrote about spending time on Pitcairn. I agree this article needs more cleaning up, and I'll see what I can do to help in terms of quoting from direct sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Silverfern nc (talk • contribs) 22:30, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Dhris, I wrote to an email address I found for Pitcairn Island and asked if there is anyone that can provide any further information. I will update this section as or if I receive a response. I may also contact the Norfolk Island Ctr, depending on the response from Pitcairn Island. -- Silverfern_nc

 * Well, this is getting curiouser and curiouser. According to the current Pitcairn Island registry and registrar, Fletcher and Miamiti were married in 1788. I've researched a few other books, the past few days, and they all give conflicting information. Now I'm curious as to where the 16 June 1789 date came from to begin with. I'm going to research this and speak with a few more relatives, as well. It will likely be January 2010 before I get back with some kind of answer. There is a lot of info to review and several people to write. Silverfern nc (talk) 22:27, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * This is exactly why this stuff needs to come out of the article. There is no good source for it. My preference would be to remove it immediately. We can always put things back if we can find sources but as it stands now, we have unsourced (and likely inaccurate) information in the article. Dhris (talk) 23:13, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Untitled comments
Six Pitcairn men guilty of rape doesn't speak to highly of Christian's descendants, but it's something worth watching because of the jurisdiction issue. Sort of ties back into the Bounty as well.

Indeed so. Most reputable histories (as opposed to popular fiction) of the mutiny indicate that the mutineers were not generally very nice people. I've added text to the article which discusses the early Pitcairn history.

Would it be appropriate to create and internal link to St Bees School where Fletcher Christian was educated? Collieman 11:24, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- KenWalker | Talk 00:37, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

What about the Topaz?
There is a history channel documentary that says Pitcairn Island was run into in 1808 by the US Topaz a seal hunting ship captained by Mayhew Folger that discovered what happened to the mutainers. With the only male survior of the Bounty being the mutiner Alexander Smith. This is in direct odds with what's being presented in the article.
 * --Wowaconia 02:55, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

There were British sailors arriving there by 1814 but the details about Christians fate was already known thanks to the Topaz, so I am going to note that instead of the 1814 sailors as it stands now.--Wowaconia 03:10, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Ancestors of Fletcher Christian
Ancestors of Fletcher Christian, surely this should read "Descendents of Fletcher Christian." MickStep (talk) 14:14, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Descent from the Earls of Warwick
Combining information from two sources (thepeerage.com and Betham's Baronetage of England) it appears that Fletcher Christian, and therefore probably the whole population of Pitcairn Island, is a descendant of Richard Neville, the 16th Earl of Warwick, as well as Henry Clifford, 10th Baron de Clifford. The latter descent is fully traced in the peerage.com entry; for the descent from Warwick, the peerage.com traces the descent as follows:

Fletcher Christian, son of Charles Christian, son of Bridget (Senhouse) Christian, daughter of Eleanor (Kirby) Christian, daughter of William Kirby, son of Agnes (Lowther) Kirby, daughter of Agnes (Fleming) Lowther, daughter of William Fleming, son of Joan (Huddlestone) Fleming, daughter of Margaret (Neville) Huddlestone.

The peerage.com entry ends with Margaret Neville. However, the Baronetage of England source includes the following lines: "Sir Richard Huddlestone, Knt, who married Margaret, daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick" And in the entry for the above Richard's son: "He had two sisters... the two sisters were married, Johan to Hugh Fleming, of Rydal, Esq" Since it appears Richard Neville only had two legitimate daughters, neither of whom was a Margaret, I would assume she was a natural daughter by an unknown mistress.

The Betham information can be located at: http://books.google.com/books?id=5ikwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA474&lpg=PA474&dq=%22richard+neville%22+huddleston&source=bl&ots=cCM8mdv53C&sig=-DuPE2MH8yZA8iIdPnpXwg5nti0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LU7uUPmAEIjq2QXih4GQBg&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22richard%20neville%22%20huddleston&f=false PohranicniStraze (talk) 06:51, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:16, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Replaced archive link https://web.archive.org/web/200012050437/http://www.lareau.org/bounty.html with https://web.archive.org/web/20001205000000/http://www.lareau.org/bounty.html on http://www.lareau.org/bounty.html

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Material moved from article
The following list was in the article in its own section headed Manuscript sources. I'm assuming it's not a source for the article (which would be inappropriate), and I don't know what else it's supposed to tell the reader, so I'm parking it here. EEng 23:21, 1 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Papers concerning the discovery of Pitcairn Island and the mutineers of HMS Bounty, 1808–1809, 1813–1815, [1845], document 1 in this series was part of an accession of Banks papers purchased for the Mitchell Library from Sotheby's, London, in May 1929, documents 2–9 purchased in 1884 from Lord Brabourne by Sir Saul Samuel, the Agent-General for New South Wales and transferred to the Mitchell Library in 1910, State Library of New South Wales B 667
 * Letter received by Banks from William Bligh, 16 September 1796, purchased in 1884 from Lord Brabourne by Sir Saul Samuel, the Agent-General for New South Wales and transferred to the Mitchell Library in 1910, State Library of New South Wales digitised, SAFE/Banks Papers/Series 58.09
 * Diary at Pitcairn Island 12 July 1851–11 June 1853, see entries for 1 October 1852 and 20 November 1851. Fletcher Christian's illness and death 24 March, 5 April 1852 are described, Information transferred from Manuscripts Leaf Catalogue No. 1 (6-63A), State Library of New South Wales B 667
 * Glynn Christian research papers relating to Fragile Paradise, ca. 1790-1986, purchased from Glynn Christian, September 1999, State Library of New South Wales MLMSS 8794/Boxes 1–6, MLMSS 8794/Box 7X
 * Drafts of Peter Corris' historical novel, The Journal of Fletcher Christian 2005, purchased from Peter Corris, September 2008, State Library of New South Wales Peter Corris further papers, 1978-2008 MLMSS 9156, MLOH 731

title: Talk:Fletcher Christian


text: User:Jnestorius/Irish names pronounced differently outside Ireland


text:
Iris ser. Longipetalae

'Iris'' ser. Longipetalae' is a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris''.

William Rickatson Dykes in his book 'Handbook of Garden Irises' (of 1924) includes 4 species in his Iris longipetala subsection; including Iris longipetala (Herbert), Iris missouriensis Nuttall, Iris arizonica (Dykes, 1917) and Iris montana (Nuttall). Iris arizonica and Iris montana have since been classified as synonyms of Iris missouriensis.

The series was then first classified as a 'series' by Diels in 'Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien' (Edited by H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl) in 1930. It was further expanded by Lawrence in Gentes Herb (written in Dutch) in 1953.

There is still a lot of confusion within the series.

The British Iris Society only lists Iris missouriensis and classes Iris longipetala as a variant of Iris missouriensis. The American Iris Society and Pacific Iris Society lists three species; Iris longipetala (Herbert), Iris missouriensis (Nuttall) and Iris pariensis (Welsh). But Plant List regards Iris pariensis as a synonym of Iris missouriensis. Iris pariensis was found by Stanley Larson Welsh in Utah and published in 'Great Basin Naturalist' 46(2): 256 in 1986.

The series has species are native to western North America, seen in Washington (state), Oregon and California.

They prefer to have moisture in the spring and a dry period during the summer. They also do not like root disturbance hence they are difficult to grow as nursery plants. They are also rarely grown in the UK. The species have thick rhizomes, fruiting stems (that follow the flowers) that stay on the plant until the next growing season, (or longer) a stigma with 2 teeth (or lobes) and seed capsules with 6 ribs and taper into points on the ends.

 * Iris longipetala Herbert
 * Iris missouriensis Nuttall

title: Iris ser. Longipetalae