text:
Subterranean Homesick Blues

"Subterranean Homesick Blues" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded on January 14, 1965, and released as a single by Columbia Records, catalogue number 43242, on March 8. It is the first track on the album Bringing It All Back Home, released some two weeks later. It was Dylan's first Top 40 hit in the United States, peaking at number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also entered the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart. The song has subsequently been reissued on numerous compilations, the first being the 1967 singles compilation Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits. One of Dylan's first electric recordings, "Subterranean Homesick Blues" is also notable for its innovative music video, which first appeared in D. A. Pennebaker's documentary Dont Look Back. An acoustic version of the song, recorded the day before the single, was released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991.

"Subterranean Homesick Blues" is ranked 187th on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list. In its contemporary review, Cash Box described it as a "rockin’-country folk blueser with a solid beat and catchy lyrics" and "wild" guitar and harmonica playing.

References and allusions
In 2004, Dylan said of the song: "It's from Chuck Berry, a bit of 'Too Much Monkey Business' and some of the scat songs of the '40s."

Dylan has also stated that when he attended the University of Minnesota in 1959, he fell under the influence of the Beat scene: "It was Jack Kerouac, Ginsberg, Corso and Ferlinghetti." Kerouac's The Subterraneans, a novel published in 1958 about the Beats, has been suggested as a possible inspiration for the song's title.

The song's first line is a reference to codeine distillation and the politics of the time: "Johnny's in the basement mixing up the medicine / I'm on the pavement thinkin' about the government". The song also depicts some of the growing conflicts between "straights" or "squares" and the emerging counterculture of the 1960s. The widespread use of recreational drugs and turmoil surrounding the Vietnam War were both starting to take hold of the nation, and Dylan's hyperkinetic lyrics were dense with up-to-the-minute allusions to important emerging elements in the 1960s youth culture. According to rock journalist Andy Gill, "an entire generation recognized the zeitgeist in the verbal whirlwind of 'Subterranean Homesick Blues'."

The song also refers to the struggles surrounding the American civil rights movement ("Better stay away from those / That carry 'round a fire hose"—during the civil rights movement, peaceful protestors were beaten and sprayed with high-pressure fire hoses). The song was Dylan's first Top 40 hit in the United States.

Influence
"Subterranean Homesick Blues" has had a wide influence, resulting in iconic references by artists and non-artists alike. (Most infamously, its lyric "you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows" was the inspiration for the name of the American far-left organization known as the Weather Underground, which formed after breaking away from the Students for a Democratic Society.) In a 2007 study of legal opinions and briefs that found Dylan was quoted by judges and lawyers more than any other songwriter, "you don't need a weatherman..." was distinguished as the line most often cited.

John Lennon was reported to find the song so captivating that he did not know how he would be able to write a song that could compete with it. The group Firehose took its name from a lyric from the song: "Better stay away from those that carry around a fire hose..." A line in the song provided the Australian garage rock band Jet with the title of their debut album Get Born. "Subterranean Homesick Blues" is referenced in the title of Radiohead's song "Subterranean Homesick Alien" from the 1997 album OK Computer,

Versions
Covers of the song span a range of styles, including those by the reggae musician Gregory Isaacs on Is It Rolling Bob?, his 2004 album of Dylan songs, with Toots Hibbert; the bluegrass musician Tim O'Brien on his 1996 album of Dylan covers, Red on Blonde; the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers on the 1987 album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan; the Cajun-style fiddle player Doug Kershaw on Louisiana Man in 1978; and the singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson on his 1974 album Pussy Cats, produced by John Lennon, who admired the song. The song was also covered by Alanis Morissette when she stood in for Dylan at his 2005 induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame. In addition, Robert Wyatt's "Blues in Bob Minor", on his 1997 album Shleep, uses the song's rhythm as a structural template.

In December 2009, the rapper Juelz Santana released the single "Mixin' Up the Medicine", which features lyrics in the chorus, performed by alternative rapper Yelawolf, and maintains some of the song's original acoustics. Ed Volker of the New Orleans Radiators also has performed the song in his solo shows and with the Radiators, often paired with "Highway 61 Revisited".

In 1985, British actor Tom Watt, at the time enjoying a high profile playing the role of Lofty Holloway in EastEnders, released a version of the song that made number 67 in the UK singles chart.

Allusions in other artists' songs
Elvis Costello cited "Subterranean Homesick Blues" as inspiration for his 1978 song "Pump It Up" saying, "It's how rock and roll works. You take the broken pieces of another thrill and make a brand new toy. That's what I did."

Echo & the Bunnymen's 1980 song "Villiers Terrace" includes the lyric "There's people rolling 'round on the carpet / Mixin' up the medicine."

R.E.M.'s 1987 hit, "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)", has been stated by guitarist Peter Buck to be an homage to the song.

The Hayes Carll track "KMAG YOYO" is a direct homage to the rhythms and subject matter of "Subterranean Homesick Blues".

The Jesus and Mary Chain's 1989 single "Blues from a Gun" includes the lyric "Look out kid, you're gonna get hit", a line borrowed from the Dylan track.

Radiohead's song "Subterranean Homesick Alien", from their 1997 album OK Computer, pays homage by referencing Bob Dylan's track in the title.

Robert Wyatt's song "Blues in Bob Minor" from his 1997 album Shleep includes the line, "Genuflecting, bowing deeply/It don't take a weathergirl to see/Where the wind is blowing/What the wind is bending."

The Gaslight Anthem's song "Angry Johnny and the Radio", from their 2007 album Sink or Swim, includes the lyrics "And I'm still here singin', thinking about the government" and "Are you hidin' in a basement, mixin' up the medicine?"

Beastie Boys' song "Funky Donkey" from their 2011 album Hot Sauce Committee Part Two contains the lyrics "I don't wear Crocs and I don't wear sandals / The pump don't work 'cause the vandals took the handle."

Deaf Havana's album Old Souls contains the song "Subterranean Bullshit Blues", which references the title in homage to the songwriter James Veck-Gilodi's respect for Dylan.

Adam Green's song "Novotel" includes the lyric "Novotel / The phone's tapped anyway."

The alternative rock band fIREHOSE, made up of the remnants of the American punk rock band, Minutemen following the death of D. Boon, took their name from the following line in this song: "Walk on your tiptoes, don't tie no bows. Better stay away from those that carry around a firehose". Band members are: Mike Watt, bass and vocals; George Hurley, drums; Ed Crawford (a.k.a. ed fROMOHIO), guitar and vocals.

Promotional film clip

In addition to its influence on music, the song was used in one of the first "modern" promotional film clips, the forerunner of what was later known as the music video. Rolling Stone ranked it seventh in the magazine's October 1993 list of "100 Top Music Videos". The original clip was the opening segment of D. A. Pennebaker's film Dont Look Back, a documentary on Dylan's 1965 tour of England. In the film, Dylan, who came up with the idea, holds up cue cards with selected words and phrases from the lyrics. The cue cards were written by Donovan, Allen Ginsberg, Bob Neuwirth and Dylan himself.

While staring at the camera, Dylan flips the cards as the song plays. There are intentional misspellings and puns throughout the clip: for instance, when the song's lyrics say "eleven dollar bills", the poster says "20 dollar bills". The clip was shot in an alley close to the Savoy Hotel in London. Ginsberg is constantly visible in the background, talking to Neuwirth. For use as a trailer, the following text was superimposed at the end of the clip, Dylan and Ginsberg are exiting the frame: "SURFACING HERE SOON | BOB DYLAN IN | DONT LOOK BACK By D. A. PENNEBAKER". The Savoy Hotel has retained much of its exterior as it was in 1965, and the alley used in the film has been identified as the Savoy Steps.

In addition to the Savoy Hotel clip, two alternative promotional films were shot: one in a park (Embankment Gardens, adjacent to the Savoy Hotel) where Dylan, Neuwirth and Ginsberg are joined by Dylan's producer, Tom Wilson, and another shot on the roof of an unknown building. A montage of the clips can be seen in the documentary No Direction Home.

The film clip was used in September 2010 in a promotional video to launch Google Instant. As they are typed, the lyrics of the song generate search engine results pages.

The 1992 Tim Robbins film Bob Roberts features Robbins in the title role as a right-wing folk singer who uses Dylan's cue-card concept for the song "Wall Street Rap". In "Weird Al" Yankovic's music video for the 2003 song "Bob" (a series of 38 palindromic sentences which parody Dylan's music and writing style. The word "Bob" is itself a palindrome), Yankovic mimics Dylan's video by dressing as Dylan and dropping cue cards that have the song's lyrics on them. Several other musicians have imitated or paid homage to the video by using a similar cue-card format, most notably Australian band INXS in the video for their 1987 song "Mediate" and the German band Wir sind Helden in their 2005 song "Nur ein Wort" (Just one word).

Personnel
According to Far Out Magazine

 * Bob Dylan – vocals, acoustic guitars, harmonica
 * John Hammond Jr. – electric guitar
 * Bruce Langhorne – electric guitar
 * Bill Lee – bass guitar
 * Bobby Gregg – drums

title: Subterranean Homesick Blues


text:
Fawaz al-Rabeiee

Fawaz Yahya al-Rabeiee (1979 – 1 October 2006) was an al-Qaeda terrorist, sentenced to death in 2004 by a Yemeni court for his part in the 2002 attack on the French tanker Limburg. Al-Rabeiee escaped custody in February 2006, with 22 other inmates, but was killed 1 October 2006 in San‘a’, along with another al-Qaeda suspect identified as Mohammed Daylami.

Al-Rabeii was a Yemeni national although born in Saudi Arabia. He became wanted in 2002, by the United States Department of Justice's FBI, which was then seeking information about his identity and whereabouts. In early 2002, he had been named as the cell leader in a suspected Yemen plot, for which he became listed on the FBI's third major "wanted" list, now known as the FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism list.

Al-Rabeiee was considered to be the "ring leader" of his Yemen terrorist cell. In 2002, he had been identified by the FBI as traveling on Yemeni passport 00452004. His identified aliases included Fawaz Yahia Hassan Aribii, Fawaz al-Rubai, Fawaz Yehia Hassan al-Rabie, Fawaz Yahya Hasan al-Rabi'i, Fawaz Yahya al-Ribi (al-Ruba'i, al-Rabia'i, al-Rabi'i), Forqan al-Tajiki, Furqan al-Tajiki, Furgan al-Tajiki, Furqan the Chechen, Faris al-Baraq, Sa'id Musharraf, and Salem al-Farhan. "Furqan al-Tajiki" is the addressee of a letter, found in Afghanistan, which appears to have been written by his brother Salman Yahya Hassan Mohammed Rabeii.

12 February 2002 Yemeni terror alert
On 11 February 2002, al-Rabeei was named in a suspected Yemen plot, for which he was among 17 suspected terrorists added to the FBI's third major "wanted" list, the "Seeking Information" list.

By February 2003, the FBI removed 6 suspects already jailed rearranged its wanted lists. Al-Rabeei was one of the remaining eleven Yemen plot suspects. By 2006, al-Rabeei had been archived and removed from the FBI's current main wanted page, and were no longer included in the official count of suspects.

Whether foiled, aborted, or merely incorrect specific intelligence, the 12 February 2002 attack never occurred. However, other attacks and plots in Yemen which involved the al-Rabeei cell soon followed.

2002 attacks and plots
In al-Rabeei's later trial, charges included the October 2002 bombing of the Limburg, a French oil tanker, and a plot to kill the United States Ambassador in Yemen.

Two suicide bombers rammed an explosive-laden boat into the oil tanker, killing a Bulgarian crew member and spilling 90,000 barrels of oil into the Gulf of Aden. This operation was very similar to the attack on the American destroyer USS Cole two years earlier. Saudi born Abdulraheem al-Nashiri, prime suspect of the USS Cole bombing (currently in the US custody), paid $40,000 to fund the Limburg attack. With that money, the former Al Qaida leader Abu Ali al-Harithi bought the explosives and transported them from his house in Shabwa to Mukalla in Hadramut. Later in 2002, Al-Harithi was killed by the CIA with a missile fired from a Predator drone.

Al-Rabeiee's conviction also included the bombing of civil aviation authority building in April 2002 and the attack on a helicopter carrying Hunt Oil Co. employees in November 2002. (See attacks on civilian targets in Yemen).

By 2 February 2003, the FBI rearranged its entire wanted lists on its web site, into the current configuration. Al-Rabeiee was one of the remaining eleven Yemen plot suspects archived to a linked page titled, "February 2002, Seeking Information Alert". Around this time the FBI also changed the name of the list, to the FBI "Seeking Information – War on Terrorism", to distinguish it from its other wanted list of "Seeking Information," which the FBI already uses for ordinary fugitives, those who are not terrorists.

Capture and trial
After al-Rabeei was caught, the trial began, on 29 May 2004 and centered on the October 2002 bombing of the Limburg.

On 10 July 2004, during a court hearing, several of the accused threatened the prosecutor by stating that they would cut off his legs.

Fawaz al-Rabeiee was sentenced to death for the Limburg attack. He was also fined $100,000 to compensate for the aviation building damages.

Seven others were sentenced to 10 years in prison. Five of the militants — Ibraheem Mohammed al-Huwaidi, Aref Saleh Ali Mujali, Mohammed Abdullah al-Dailami, Abdulghani Ali Hussein Kaifan, and Kasem Yahia al-Raimee — were sentenced to five years in prison. They were found guilty of plotting attacks against the US, French, UK, Cuban and German embassies, and plotting to assassinate the former U.S. Ambassador to Yemen. One of the 15 accused was sentenced to death for killing a Yemeni police officer.

Fayez al-Hajoury, a lawyer who represented Fawzi Halabi, a defendant who received a 10 years sentence, described the verdicts as "null and void" and stated that the work of the defense attorneys was obstructed by authorities. Saleh Majali, the father of the man sentenced to death, angrily stated the whole trial was a "sham", with no respect for human rights. The father of defendant Abdulkareem Kaifan claimed the verdict had been decided from the start and the whole trial was a "decoration" to pass the verdict. The defendants vowed to appeal their verdicts and sentences.

Mass escape from Yemen
On 3 February 2006, 23 people, 12 of them al-Qaeda members, escaped from a Yemeni jail in San'a, according to a BBC report. Al-Rabeiee was among the group, which reportedly escaped by digging a tunnel, 140 metres, which took them to a nearby mosque.

However, none of the 17 Yemen plot suspects from the 2002 terror alert appeared again among the newly listed FBI "wanted" list names in relation to the Yemen escape of 2006.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fawaz al-Rabeiee


text:
Sidney Royse Lysaght

Sidney Royse Lysaght (1856 - 1941) (pronounced LYE-suht) was a British writer of Irish ancestry.

Early life
Lysaght was born near Mallow, County Cork, son of architect Thomas Royse Lysaght (1827-1890) and Emily (née Moss; died 1905). Thomas's father, William, was a small landowner at Hazelwood, Mallow, distantly connected with the Barons Lisle. He was educated at a preparatory school and an English public school before Trinity College Dublin.

Business
His uncle, John Lysaght, was head of the family iron making concern, John Lysaght and Co. Sidney, who became a "successful and wealthy businessman", spent most of his life with the firm, along with his brother William. He was particularly involved in the development of corrugated iron. Having travelled "extensively throughout Australia, New Zealand, and Polynesia", he visited Robert Louis Stevenson in Samoa in 1894.

Writing
Lysaght's first work was A modern ideal, a dramatic poem (1886), "followed by a number of novels, dramas, and volumes of poetry" including Poems of the unknown way (1901), The marplot (1903), My tower in Desmond (1925), and A reading of life (1936). He wrote as "S. R. Lysaght".

Personal life
Lysaght married Katherine (died 1953), daughter of Joseph Clarke, of Waddington, Lincolnshire; their only child was Edward Anthony Edgeworth Lysaght (later known as Edward MacLysaght), writer and authority on Irish family history. Lysaght died at the family estate, Hazelwood, near Mallow, which he had inherited. He also owned an extensive estate at Tuamgraney in County Clare, where he established a nursery industry. He had previously lived at Banwell Castle in Somerset.

Works

 * A Modern Ideal (1886) poems
 * The Marplot (1893)
 * One of the Grenvilles (1899)
 * Poems of the Unknown Way (1901)
 * Her Majesty's Rebels (1907)
 * Horizons and Landmarks (1911) poems
 * My Tower in Desmond (1925)
 * The Immortal Jew (1931)
 * A Reading of Poetry; an essay (1934)
 * A Reading of Life (1936)

title: Sidney Royse Lysaght


text:
Talk:Dorney

Dorney is still in Buckinghamshire
According to my map (Ordnance Survey 1:50000 sheet 175), the village of Dorney is still in Buckinghamshire. The border runs between Dorney and Eton Wick (which is in Berkshire), and then around the west side of Slough. -- Chris j wood 12:14, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * For the definitive answer I've just called the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies and they have confirmed that it's just within the county of Buckinghamshire, not Berkshire. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 12:30, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * There are plenty of places with an inappropriate post town by the Thames — Hampton Wick and Egham Hythe also have completely the wrong county under the traditional postal counties fortunately these have been solved by local government changes. Without reading your excellent point, I have clarified why it is an anomaly, as this confuses people no end, especially those who were advised by outposts of the rather ridiculous, 1960s cheapened, system of Royal Mail.

Anglicanism - lack of census info
This is always a shame to see where in small places there's a danger of a great structure being left empty - could anyone find any stats for this ecclesiastical parish or even civil parish? I hate to blame people, but any other religion, including Shia/Sunni denominations should fully blame the ONS. - Adam37   Talk  20:03, 18 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dorney


text:
Applix 1616

The Applix 1616 was a kit computer with a Motorola 68000 CPU, produced by a small company called Applix in Sydney, Australia, from 1986 to the early 1990s. It ran a custom multitasking multiuser operating system that was resident in ROM. A version of Minix was also ported to the 1616, as was the MGR Window System. Andrew Morton, designer of the 1616 and one of the founders of Applix, later became the maintainer of the 2.6 version of the Linux kernel.

History
Paul Berger and Andrew Morton formed the Australian company Applix Pty. Ltd. in approximately 1984 to sell a Z80 card they had developed for the Apple IIc that allowed it to run CP/M. This product was not a commercial success, but Paul later proposed they develop a Motorola 68000-based personal computer for sale in kit form.

The project was presented to Jon Fairall, then editor of the Australia and New Zealand electronics magazine Electronics Today International, and in December 1986, the first of four construction articles was published as "Project 1616", with the series concluding in June 1987. In October and November 1987, a disk controller card was also published as "Project 1617".

Over the next decade, about 400 1616s were sold.

Applix Pty. Ltd., was in no way related to the North American company of the same name that produced Applixware.

Main board
The main board contains:
 * a Motorola 68000 running at 7.5 MHz, or a 68010 running at 15 MHz.
 * 512 kibibytes of Dynamic RAM
 * between 64 kibibytes and 256 kibibytes of ROM
 * on board bit mapped colour graphics (no "text" mode), with timing provided by a Motorola 6845 CRT controller. The video could produce 320x200 in 16 colours, or 640x200 in a palette of 4 colours out of 16, with a later modification providing a 960x512 monochrome mode. The frame buffer resided in system memory and video refresh provided DRAM refresh cycles. The video output was able to drive CGA, EGA, MGA and multisync monitors.
 * dual RS-232 serial ports using a Zilog Z8530.
 * a parallel port for Centronics-type printers or general purpose I/O. This was provided by a Rockwell 6522 Versatile Interface Adapter, which was also the source of timer interrupts.
 * 4 channel analog/audio output via an 8 bit DAC and multiplexor.
 * software audio/analogue input via the DAC and a comparator.
 * a PC/XT keyboard interface.

The main board also had four 80-pin expansion slots. The 1616 shared this backplane with a platform developed by Andrew Morton for Keno Computer Systems, allowing the 1616 to use expansion boards developed for the Keno Computer Systems platform (primarily the 34010 graphics coprocessor), although the form-factor was different, which left the KCS cards sticking out of the top of the 1616 case.

Disk controller card
The disk controller card contains:
 * A Zilog Z80 processor running at 8 MHz
 * 32 kibibytes of ROM
 * 64 kibibytes of static RAM
 * a WD1772 floppy disk controller
 * dual RS-232 serial ports using a Zilog Z8530
 * An NCR5380 SCSI controller

The coprocessor is able to run ZRDOS (a CP/M clone), or can act as a smart disk controller.

Memory expansion card
The memory card:
 * accepts between 1 and 4 megabytes of Dynamic RAM in 1 megabyte increments,
 * has an optional memory management unit implemented in fast static RAM and PALs,
 * Another NCR5380 SCSI hard disk interface. This SCSI controller was mapped into the 68000's address space, and was considerably faster than the one on the Z80 coprocessor card.

34010 graphics coprocessor card
The TMS34010 card was developed by Andrew Morton for Keno Computer Systems. The 34010 was a bit-addressable graphics processor with instructions for two-dimensional graphics primitives and arbitrary width arithmetic operations on pixel data.

User developed cards

 * Graham Redwood developed an Ethernet card (wire-wrap or Speedwire prototype?).
 * Philip Hutchison developed a Motorola 68030 coprocessor card (small run of working double sided PCBs).
 * Kevin Bertram developed a Transputer card, an EPROM programmer, and an I/O card. (The EPROM programmer was manufactured under licence by Timothy Ward of Silicon Supply and Manufacturing.) (The I/O card design was used in development by Silicon Supply and Manufacturing of a CNC PC Drill which had a provisional patent, but never released as a kit.)

Other one-off interface cards were developed for specific projects, including a numerically controlled sheet metal spinning machine controller, several EEPROM programmers, etc.

1616/OS
1616/OS was initially little more than a powerful monitor, with commands for dumping and modifying memory, loading and saving to tape, and a built in macro assembler and full screen editor. Over time, the operating system gained a hierarchical file system, preemptive multitasking, support for multiple users with access controls (although no memory protection), lightweight threads, message passing primitives and pipes. Ultimately, the operating system had around 250 system calls, and 78 commands built into the shell. The operating system had enough similarity to Unix that porting Unix source to the 1616/OS was relatively painless.

Minix
Colin McCormack ported Minix to the 1616. He worked around the lack of a memory management unit when forking by copying BSS, heap and stack of the child and parent processes before scheduling each one. The MMU on the RAM expansion card was developed to support Colin's Minix port, although it's unclear if it was ever used for this purpose.

ZRDOS
Conal Walsh ported the CP/M clone ZRDOS to the Z80-based disk controller card. When operating in this mode, the 68000 acted as a console for ZRDOS, although it was still possible to suspend the connection to ZRDOS, and run 1616 programs, provided they didn't need disk I/O.

MGR
Not strictly an operating system, the MGR windowing system run under 1616/OS, but usurped the console video and keyboard, and added virtual tty devices for each window. The MGR port required a video hack to add a higher resolution but monochrome video mode; this was done by replacing a PAL in the video circuit.

Applications
Most Unix and Minix programs were able to be ported to 1616/OS. Ports included:

 * advent, ar, arc, at, cal, cat, chess (gnu), cmp, comm, compress, conquest, cron, dd, diff, ed, eroff, grep, head, indent, make, MicroEMACS, more, nroff, roff, sc, sed, sort, split, STEVIE, strings, sum, tail, tar, tee, ularn, uniq, vi, wanderer, wc, xmodem, ymodem, zmodem, zoo

Several messaging or bulletin board systems were written, including Usenet and Fidonet gateways, and many utilities to allow safe shell-level dial-up access.

Several computer languages were supported, including:

 * BASIC
 * Tiny BASIC
 * C (HiTech C, and later gcc)
 * Forth
 * Lisp
 * MUMPS
 * 68000 assembly language

The collection of 1616/OS shareware eventually grew to thirty-one 800kB floppies. Included were innumerable small utilities and ported applications from other environments.

The 1616 users group
Applix Pty Ltd started holding informal user group meetings in their Sydney store in 1987. The meetings were held on the second Saturday of the month, and often finished well after midnight after consumption of much pizza. Users brought their latest 1616-related creations to demonstrate and share, and discussion ranged from hardware design, operating system theory, language design, to politics and philosophy.

When the Mortons sold the shop in the 1990s, the meetings moved to their house at Yerrinbool, in the Southern Highlands, NSW. When the Mortons again moved to Wollongong, the meetings moved with them. Not able to escape the User Group by moving around NSW, the Mortons moved to Palo Alto, California in 2001.

The user group still meets on the second Saturday of every month, although it has been many years since an Applix 1616 has been booted at one, and, everyone being older, the meetings tend to end somewhat before midnight, and pizza is consumed in moderation.

title: Applix 1616


text:
Yorkshire Sculpture Park

The Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) is an art gallery, with both open-air and indoor exhibition spaces, in West Bretton, Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It shows work by British and international artists, including Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. The sculpture park occupies the 500 acre parkland of Bretton Hall.

History
The Yorkshire Sculpture Park, opened in 1977, was the UK's first sculpture park based on the temporary open air exhibitions organised in London parks from the 1940s to 1970s by the Arts Council and London County Council (and later Greater London Council). The 'gallery without walls' has a changing exhibition programme, rather than permanent display as seen in other UK sculpture parks such as Grizedale Forest.

Exhibition spaces
YSP has a number of settings where its collection is displayed.

Parkland
The park is situated in the grounds of Bretton Hall, an 18th-century estate which was a family home until the mid-20th century when it became Bretton Hall College. Follies, landscape features and architectural structures from the 18th century can be seen around the park including the deer park and deer shelter (recently converted by American sculptor James Turrell into an installation), an ice house, and a camellia house. Artists working at YSP, such as Andy Goldsworthy in 2007, take their inspiration from its architectural, historical or natural environment.

Since the 1990s, YSP has made use of indoor exhibition spaces, initially a Bothy Gallery (in the curved Bothy Wall) and a temporary tent-like structure called the Pavilion Gallery. After an extensive refurbishment and expansion, YSP has added an underground gallery space in the Bothy garden, and exhibition spaces at Longside (the hillside facing the original park). Its programme consists of contemporary and modern sculpture (from Rodin and Bourdelle through to living artists). British sculpture is well represented in the past exhibition programme and semi-permanent installations. Many British sculptors prominent in the 1950s and 1960s have been the subject of solo exhibitions at YSP, including Lynn Chadwick, Austin Wright, Phillip King, Eduardo Paolozzi, Hans Josephsohn, and Kenneth Armitage. Exhibitions tend to be monographic – rather than group or thematic.

The redundant Grade II* listed St Bartholomew's Chapel, West Bretton built by William Wentworth in 1744 has been restored as gallery space.

Longside Gallery
Longside Gallery is a space for sculpture overlooking YSP. The gallery is shared with the Arts Council Collection for an alternating programme of exhibitions. Between exhibitions, Longside Gallery is used for educational and outreach activities and events.

The Weston
In July 2019, the new visitor centre housing a gallery, restaurant and shop, made the shortlist for the Stirling Prize for excellence in architecture.

title: Yorkshire Sculpture Park


text:
NLAW

The Saab Bofors Dynamics NLAW (pronounced:, ), also known as the MBT LAW or RB 57, is a fire-and-forget, lightweight shoulder-fired, and disposable (single-use) line of sight (LOS) missile system, designed for infantry use. The missile uses a soft-launch system and is guided by predicted line of sight (PLOS). It can carry out an overfly top attack (OTA) on an armoured vehicle, or a direct attack (DA) on structures and non-armoured vehicles.

The system was developed in Sweden by prime contractor Saab Bofors Dynamics, on behalf of the British and Swedish defence authorities who procured the system in a joint venture. It was mainly produced in the United Kingdom by Team MBT LAW UK, which included 14 subcontractors, most notably Thales Air Defence. Users of the weapon include Finland, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.

Etymology
The name "NLAW" initially referred to the original British development programme which Saab won the contract for with the "MBT LAW". NLAW stands for Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon or Next-Generation Light Anti-armour Weapon. The N is short for "Next generation" or "Next-generation", while LAW is an abbreviation of "Light Anti-tank Weapon" or "Light Anti-Armour Weapon". MBT LAW stands for Main Battle Tank Light Anti-armour Weapon. NLAW has since development become the international designation of the weapon, while MBT LAW exists as a designation for the weapon in the British Army.

The name "RB 57" derives from the weapon's designation in Swedish service – robot 57 ("guided missile 57") – which has the abbreviation rb 57. At times the specified form pansarvärnsrobot 57 ("anti-armour guided missile 57"), pvrb 57 for short, can also be found. The 5 indicates its missile class and the 7 indicates its consecutive number in that class (robot 57 = 7th missile of the 5th class).

Overview
In 1997, the British Defence Procurement Agency (DPA) began issuing invitations to tender for a new man-portable anti-tank weapon, to replace the obsolescent British LAW 80s. Swedish Bofors of the Celsius Group (later bought by Saab AB), American Lockheed Martin, and German Dynamit Nobel replied with offers; due to the limited spots of the NLAW-trials come January 2001, only the two former were rewarded with Project Definition Phase contracts in 1999. Bofors began development of the so-called MBT LAW the same year.

In May 2002, Saab Bofors Dynamics' MBT LAW was selected as winner over Matra BAe Dynamics' Kestrel (the British derivative of Lockheed Martin's FGM-172 SRAW) in the NLAW-trials. In June, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the British DPA and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV), who also showed interest in the system. Accordingly, the NLAW-programme became a British–Swedish joint venture (primarily led by the DPA) assigned to Saab Bofors Dynamics (full development and production).

It was developed in Sweden and produced in the United Kingdom, with final assembly done by subcontractor Thales Air Defence. The contract signed in June 2002, between Saab and the two defence authorities, was worth approximately 4.8 billion SEK, including development and serial production; Sweden's share in the serial production was estimated at one billion SEK.

With the finalising of agreements between Sweden and the United Kingdom in 2003, the development of the system continued until 2008, when it entered production in the UK. Deliveries of the weapon began in December 2008; it entered the service of the Swedish, Finnish and British armed forces the following year. It has been estimated that the UK requirement for the British Armed Forces was for 14,000 units, or more; it replaced the obsolescent LAW 80 system and the ILAW (AT4 CS) which was used as a substitute until its deployment. In 2005, the Swedish government placed a first order for 2,000 units from Saab. Finland has placed three orders between 2007 and 2017, for a total of 3,000 units. This was followed by Luxembourg, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Switzerland. As of 16 March 2022, the United Kingdom confirmed that it had delivered more than 4,000 of their NLAWs to the Ukrainian military, to be used against Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Development
Research for a new Swedish light anti-tank guided missile began in the 1990s by the Swedish Armed Forces, for its mechanized infantry which were lacking both tanks and anti-tank warfare weapons. Initially, the project focused on creating as simple and cost-effective a system as possible; after some analysis, the need for a man-portable anti-tank weapon with great effectiveness at short to mid-range emerged.

In October 1999, the British DPA awarded Bofors (later Saab Bofors Dynamics) with a product definition order to procure a weapon prototype within 22 months, corresponding to the requirements of the British NLAW-programme: To be able to hit a moving target at 400 m and a stationary target at 600 m, with a maximum weight of 12.5 kg; some of the requirements later made by the Swedish FMV were a lowered backblast area, a minimum effective range of 20 metres, and an environmental adaptation for international operations. Saab Bofors Dynamics, the DPA, and the FMV each paid a third of the assessment-phase cost for the MBT LAW, of £18 million. The FMV invested additional money during the NLAW-trials, while the DPA ceased further funding until a contract was signed.

The project gained momentum in 2002–2003 after being selected by the British and Swedish defence authorities, meeting the demanding requirements from both nations. Both launcher and missile development was done by Saab Bofors Dynamics in Eskilstuna and Karlskoga, Sweden, using technology derived from earlier Bofors systems; such as the RBS 56B BILL 2 (warhead and guidance) and AT4 CS (confined space capability), as well as some further developments. The United Kingdom and Sweden shared the development costs. Full production and delivery was expected to begin by the end of 2006, with the development phase "nearing its end" in 2005 according to Nick Moore (DPA). However, as a result of qualification failures in the tests of November 2006, it was delayed until 2008. Due to the similar requirements made by the Swedish and British defence authorities, the weapon comes with only minor differences in appearance. It uses a single shaped-charge warhead, as opposed to other comparable missiles that have a tandem warhead.

Saab, who also develops the system software, announced in 2015 that they had been able to optimise the guidance system by fine-tuning its predicted line of sight. An effective range of 800 m and up against stationary targets was demonstrated in April 2014. An effective range of 600 m against moving targets has also been reported.

Production
As jobs are often the focus of large material orders, a requirement by the British DPA for signing a contract with the winner was that the production of the system would occur in the United Kingdom. For this reason, Saab Bofors Dynamics contracted UK-based Thales Air Defence ahead of the NLAW-programme—while Lockheed Martin contracted Matra BAe Dynamics. To produce the system, Saab and Thales went on to create Team MBT LAW UK which included 14 subcontractors. As per the agreements signed between the United Kingdom and Sweden in 2002–2003, manufacturing occurred mostly in the UK, with final assembly and test done at the Thales Air Defence facilities in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The weapon went into full production in 2008. The final cost for the MBT LAW contract since the beginning of the NLAW-programme, including the assessment phase, development, and manufacture-license, ended up at approximately £400–437 million.

Team MBT LAW UK, which provided components for the system, included: Thales Air Defence (final assembly); BAE Systems Avionics (inertial measurement unit); NP Aerospace (plastic and composite mouldings); FR-HiTemp (control fins and actuators); Raytheon Systems (electronics assemblies); Skeldings (special purpose springs); Thales Missile Electronics (proximity fuze); MetalWeb; BAE Systems RO Defence; EPS Logistics Technology; Express Engineering; Portsmouth Aviation; ICI Nobel Enterprises; Leafield Engineering. The missile's warhead is made in Switzerland by Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd.

More than 24,200 units have been produced. Depending on which source, it costs: £20,000 (2008); US$30,000 (2022); US$33,000 (2022); US$40,000 (2022). Each unit has a shelf life of around 20 years.

Operation
The NLAW is a man-portable, soft-launch, and confined-spaces (saltwater countermass) system, allowing the missile to be fired from almost anywhere; the operator can safely fire through any window of a room no bigger than 4 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (high). The missile is first shot out of the launcher with a low-powered ignition system, after which its main rocket ignites and propels it to the target. Guidance uses a predicted line of sight (PLOS) system. For a moving target, the operator maintains tracking for at least 2–3 seconds. The software embedded in the missile's INS records the operator's aiming movement and extrapolates the flight path needed to intercept the target. After launch, the missile flies autonomously along the pre-programmed flight path, controlled by an inertial guidance system. The system weighs 12.5 kg, with a rocket weight of 6.5 kg; the mass of the warhead is 1.8 kg. It is unnecessary for the operator to consider the target distance (so long as it is within range), or to stay exposed whilst the missile is in the air (fire-and-forget).

Against tanks and other armoured vehicles, the overfly top attack (OTA) mode is used; the missile flies about one metre above the line of sight, detonating the warhead above the target's weaker top armour via proximity fuze and magnetic sensors. The exact way in which the "combined magnetic and optical sensors" ensure the proper detonation of the warhead is classified. The direct attack (DA) mode is used against non-armoured targets, detonating the warhead on impact via contact fuze as the missile flies on the line of sight. The launcher can be fired only once and is disposed of after use. The operator can adjust the arming distance of the missile, to avoid a premature detonation triggered by the sensors when it flies over non-targets. They can also fire down or up at a 45-degree angle. The method of exploding above the tank by one metre was met with scepticism at the time. Saab had to work hard to show that they could make the system work. Saab NLAW designer Christer Nygren said: “The protection on main battle tanks was increasing all the time...We saw that we needed a new type of attack. But, with the over-the-top attack, you create another technical challenge, which is how to hit vertically down through the roof of the tank when the velocity of the missile is in the forward direction. It’s a tricky thing. Before any contracts were signed we had to present a lot of technical evidence that we could really defeat a tank from the top and get the warhead [to detonate] at the right time.” Saab claims that in 20 years the US designers have not matched the NLAW system's technology. Adding "You give them an hour of training and they can fight the T-90 [the most advanced Russian tank] without a problem.” The missile will auto-destruct at the maximum flight time of 5.6 seconds, which is about 1,000 m. It is designed to operate in all climate conditions and environments, from −38 to +63 degrees Celsius.

Russo-Ukrainian War
Preceding the escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the United Kingdom supplied 2,000 NLAW systems to Ukraine, with another 1,615 delivered by 9 March 2022 to bolster Ukraine's military. More NLAWs were requested by the Ukrainian military following reports that they proved highly effective against Russian vehicles, leading to at least 100 more being allocated by Luxembourg. Alongside US FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missile systems, delivered as a precaution against increased hostilities, the Ukrainian forces reported that NLAWs produced far greater damage against Russian armoured vehicles than their standard Soviet-era equipment. On 24 March 2022, the UK pledged to deliver a further 6,000 NLAWs and a senior Ukrainian military officer also claimed they were the "weapon of choice" for his troops, responsible for 30–40% of Russian tanks destroyed.

An unknown number of launchers were captured by the armed forces of Russia and the pro-Russian self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic during the conflict. A number of these captured weapons were reportedly transferred to Iran as part of a deal to acquire drones.

NLAWs were the most numerous advanced guided anti-tank missile in Ukraine as of April 2022.

Finland (3,000 + additional in 2023)
Finland announced missile orders in 2007 worth €38 million. In Finnish service the missile is designated 102 mm raskas lähipanssarintorjuntaohjus NLAW (102 RSLPSTOHJ NLAW) for Finnish speaking troops, and 102 mm tung närpansarvärnsrobot NLAW (meaning roughly "102 mm heavy close-in anti-armour missile")  for Fenno-Swedish speaking troops.

3,000 ordered:
 * 1,500 units ordered in 2007, delivered in 2009–2010, €38 million deal
 * 1,000 units ordered and delivered in 2015,, €36 million deal
 * 500 units ordered in 2017, delivered in 2018
 * NLAW and AT-4 ordered in 2023, deliveries 2024, quantity of NLAW unknown, SEK 400 million

Indonesia (600)
600 units delivered in 2012–2013.

Malaysia (500)
500 units ordered in 2016 or 2017, and delivered in 2018–2020.

Sweden (5,000)
2,000 units ordered in 2005, and delivered in 2009–2012. Another 3,000 units order was placed in December 2022 at a cost of 900M SEK for delivery in 2024-2026. In Swedish service the missile is designated robot 57 (RB 57), or pansarvärnsrobot 57 (pvrb 57) in expanded form, meaning "missile 57" and "anti-armour missile 57" respectively (the 5 indicates its missile class and the 7 indicates its consecutive number in that class = 7th missile of the 5th class).

Switzerland (4,000)
4,000 units in 2017 to fill capability gap left by M47 Dragon decommissioning in 2008, and delivered in from 2018.

Ukraine (>5,000 donated)
2,000 NLAW units were supplied to Ukraine by the United Kingdom by 19 January 2022 in anticipation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Another 100 were sent from Luxembourg following the invasion. As of 9 March 2022, the UK confirmed that it had delivered a total of 3,615 NLAW to Ukraine. As of 16 March 2022, the UK confirmed that it had delivered more than 4,000 NLAWs to Ukraine. As of 15 May 2023, the UK delivered more than 5,000 NLAWs to Ukraine. In Ukrainian service the missile is designated Protytankovyy raketnyy kompleks NLAW (Протитанковий ракетний комплекс NLAW), or PTRK NLAW (ПТРК NLAW) for short, meaning "Anti-Tank Missile System NLAW".

United Kingdom (21,000 total order)
Selected in May 2002 for the British Army Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) requirement. The system has replaced the ILAW and LAW 80. In British service the missile is formally designated Round, Guided Missile, NLAW (Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon), High-Explosive Anti-Tank, K170A1 or K170A2 (GM NLAW HEAT K170A1/A2) depending on the variant (A1 = Mk1, A2 = Mk2),   but the project name "Main Battle Tank Light Anti-Armour Weapon" (MBT-LAW) also appears. The UK donated thousands of NLAWs out of its own stocks to Ukraine, which it plans to replace from January 2023 onwards, followed by "a larger subsequent order".
 * 14,000 units ordered in 2002, and delivered in 2009–2010.
 * 7,000 units ordered in 2022, deliveries planned for 2023-2026, £229 million deal

France
Unknown quantity planned to be ordered as of June 2024, to be used as the intermediate solution between the AT4 and the Akeron MP ATGM.

Luxembourg (100)
100 units ordered in 2010 (50) and 2015 (50), and delivered in 2012 and 2016–2017. (All 102 donated to Ukraine war)

title: NLAW


text:
Talk:Prešov Region

Regarding the existence of Šariš page, isn't this article redundant? I know Šariš is primarily a historical term, but the info in the two articles would be pretty much the same. Shouldn't we merge them? -- mz 12:21, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I realised this is about administrative region. Apologies. -- mz 12:24, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Prešov Region


text:
Richie Foley

Richard 'Richie' Foley (born 22 July 1987) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Abbeyside and with the Waterford senior inter-county team. Foley usually plays at either midfield or in the half-back line.

Career
Foley has played at all underage levels for his club and has the notable achievement of winning county championships at every single underage grade. He currently plays at midfield for Abbeyside. In 2008, Abbeyside reached the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship Final. However, Abbeyside and Foley went on to lose the final to De La Salle. Foley also plays for the Ballinacourty football club. In 2009 they lost to The Nire in the semi-final and 2010 to Stradbally in the final.
 * Club

Foley currently plays with University College Cork in the Fitzgibbon Cup. Foley was part of the team that beat former champions Waterford Institute of Technology to reach the 2009 final. Late that weekend, Foley lined out at wing back as part of the UCC team to win the Fitzgibbon Cup against University of Limerick. Foley had an impressive game, capped by scoring a point from over 80 meters.
 * College

Foley has been a member of the Waterford panel since 2007. Although not featured in any matches during 2007, Foley won both the National Hurling League and the Munster Senior Hurling Championship in that year. Foley was part of the Waterford squad which lost the 2008 All-Ireland Hurling Final to Kilkenny.
 * Inter-county

title: Richie Foley


text:
The Good Samaritan

Good Samaritan usually refers to the Parable of the Good Samaritan, a story in the Gospel of Luke that encourages people to help others who are in danger.

The phrases Good Samaritan and The Good Samaritan may also refer to:

Art

 * The Good Samaritan (Morot), a 1880 painting by Aimé Morot

Film

 * The Good Samaritan (film), 2014 crime thriller
 * Tora-san, the Good Samaritan (男はつらいよ 奮闘篇), 1971 Japanese comedy film

Television

 * "The Good Samaritan" (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), an episode of the fourth season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * The Good Samaritan (Hallmark), a 1954 episode of the Hallmark Hall of Fame
 * "The Good Samaritan" (NCIS), NCIS episode
 * "The Good Samaritan" (Seinfeld), an episode in the show's third season
 * "The Good Samaritan" (The Blacklist), a 2014 episode from TV series The Blacklist

Laws

 * Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Act of 1996, a US law intended to encourage food donations
 * Good Samaritan laws, several laws in different countries that offer legal protection to those who help others in distress

Religious and social care organizations

 * The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society, a U.S.-based senior housing and nursing organization, now owned by Sanford Health
 * Good Samaritan Society, a Canadian Lutheran social service care home organization
 * Sisters of the Good Samaritan, a Roman Catholic congregation in Australia
 * Anglican Church of the Good Samaritan, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
 * Episcopal Church of the Good Samaritan, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
 * Good Samaritan Hospital (disambiguation), several hospitals
 * Good Samaritan Children's Home, an orphanage in the Ukraine

Other uses

 * Inn of the Good Samaritan (Khan al-Hatruri), a archeological site (caravanserai) located at the road between Jerusalem and Jericho
 * Good Samaritan Catholic College

title: The Good Samaritan


text: Category:Hiking trails

title: Category:Hiking trails


text: Category:Second Vatican Council

title: Category:Second Vatican Council