text:
The Seven Sins of Memory

The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers is a book by Daniel Schacter, former chair of Harvard University's Psychology Department and a leading memory researcher.

The book revolves around the theory that "the seven sins of memory" are similar to the seven deadly sins, and that if one tries to avoid committing these sins, it will help to improve one's ability to remember. Schacter argues that these features of human memory are not necessarily bad, and that they serve a useful purpose in memory. For instance, persistence is one of the sins of memory that can lead to things like post traumatic stress syndrome. However persistence is also necessary for long-term memory, and so it is essential.

Overview
Schacter asserts that "memory's malfunctions can be divided into seven fundamental transgressions or 'sins'." These are transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. The first three are described as sins of omission, since the result is a failure to recall an idea, fact, or event. The other four sins (misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence) are sins of commission, meaning that there is a form of memory present, but it is not of the desired fidelity or the desired fact, event, or ideas.

Transience
Transience means the influence from one memory on another one. Failures are due to the general deterioration of a specific memory over time and are enhanced by interference of memories. There are two types of interference: proactive interference (old memory inhibits the ability to remember new memories properly), and retroactive interference (new memories inhibit the ability to remember old memories accurately). Typically, more information can be remembered of recent events than older events. This is especially true with episodic memory as compared to semantic memory, as "richly detailed evocative memories from the past" contain more multidimensional information than "general conceptual knowledge divested of a specific spatiotemporal context". Since memories of experiences contain multifaceted information—including sensory, spatial, and temporal details—, there are more areas inside an episodic memory susceptible to interference.

One of Schacter's examples of transience is a study of how well undergraduates remembered how they found out about the O. J. Simpson trial verdict immediately after, 15 months, and 32 months later. After three years, fewer than 30 percent remembered accurately, and nearly half had major errors.

Absent-mindedness
This form of memory failure involves a problem at the point where attention and memory interface. Common errors of this type include misplacing keys or eyeglasses, or forgetting appointments. The reason is that at the time of encoding sufficient attention was not paid to the fact that place or time etc. would later need to be recalled. Absentmindedness means here that the person's attention is focused on something different, and therefore misses part of the encoding.

Blocking
Blocking is when the brain tries to retrieve or encode information, but another memory interferes with it. Blocking is a primary cause of Tip of the tongue phenomenon (a temporary inaccessibility of stored information).

Misattribution
Misattribution entails correct recollection of information with incorrect recollection of the source of that information. For example, a person who witnesses a murder after watching a television program may incorrectly blame the murder on someone he or she saw on the television program. This error has profound consequences in legal systems because of its unacknowledged prevalence and the confidence which is often placed in the person's ability to impart correctly information critical to suspect identification.

One example Schacter gives of eyewitness misattribution occurred in connection with the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995. Two days before, the bomber rented a van, but an employee there reported seeing two men renting it together. One description fit the actual bomber, but the other description was soon determined to be of one of a pair of men who also rented a van the next day, and were unconnected with bombing.

Schacter also describes how to create misattribution errors using the DRM procedure. Subjects are read a list of words like sharp, pin, sewing, and so on, but not the word needle. Later subjects are given a second list of words including the word needle, and are asked to pick out which words were on the first list. Most of the time, subjects confidently assert that needle was on the first list.

Suggestibility
Suggestibility is somewhat similar to misattribution, but with the inclusion of overt suggestion. It is the acceptance of a false suggestion made by others. Memories of the past are often influenced by the manner in which they are recalled, and when subtle emphasis is placed on certain aspects which might seem likely to a specific type of memory, those emphasized aspects are sometimes incorporated into the recollection, whether or not they occurred. For example, a person sees a crime being committed by a redheaded man. Subsequently, after reading in the newspaper that the crime was committed by a brown-haired man, the witness "remembers" a brown-haired man instead of a redheaded man.

Loftus and Palmer's work into leading questions is an example of such suggestibility.

Bias
The sin of bias is similar to the sin of suggestibility in that one's current feelings and worldview distort remembrance of past events. This can pertain to specific incidences and the general conception one has of a certain period in one's life. Memories encoded with a certain amount of stimulation and emotion are more easily recalled. Thus, a contented adult might look back with fondness on his or her childhood, induced to do so by positive memories from that time, which might not be representative of his/her average mood during his/her childhood.

Persistence
This failure of the memory system involves the unwanted recall of information that is disturbing. The remembrance can range from a blunder on the job to a truly traumatic experience, and the persistent recall can lead to formation of phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, and even suicide in particularly disturbing or intrusive instances.

title: The Seven Sins of Memory


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User talk:Annexia

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Sam [Spade] 23:55, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Annexia


text: Category:Fictional history

title: Category:Fictional history


text:
User talk:Kundor

Batou/Bateau
Hi there. I think you're taking this spelling of Batou/Bateau a little far. : The problem with is that his official name is バトー, which transliterates as Batou, Batō or even Batoo, not to Bateau. Batou is the spelling in the Official Logs. All the English language DVDs that I own (pretty much all of them unless there are several versions) and on all the Japanese GitS merchandise that I own, and even the official website Production IG site. Bateau is the spelling detailed on the international version of the original GitS film, but that is the only place that I can find that. Ben W Bell  talk  16:47, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that Batou is both much more common, and the official spelling used by Production IG Production IG Site. There is nothing wrong most of the time with direct transliteration of the Japanese in these cases, Edowado Erurikku is a very bad example as that is actually the best way they could translate into Japanese the name Edward Elric. Ben W Bell   talk  17:02, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not about to undo your edits, they were made in good faith and I appreciate that, but I do think a proper discussion should be held on this one. I personally don't mind but nearly everything official seems to have Batou as the spelling. Lets see if we can start a discussion on the main GitS page, that is the place most likely to get the traffic to have a proper discussion rather than just two people having a chat over it. Ben W Bell   talk  17:22, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree with this, everything official that I've seen has it spelled 'Batou'. I think it should be spelled the same way as on the official websites and the DVDs. I'm not going to go changing everything back right now, but as far as I can see, 'Batou' is the official spelling and it should be kept as that. Cloudy 16:06, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Kaczynski content
Hey. I thought the IP was you. I didn't copy my reply here, as I figured you'll see it on the IP talk page. I don't think your message was snippy at all, quite the contrary; very helpful and nice. Thanks again, Prolog 23:31, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Kudos!
Kudos, Kundor. You were correct about the spelling of buses. Wiki on! -Kolby — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kolbybotka (talk • contribs) 22:25, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Bloodmaster Scarlet
The source appears to be a previous article I bulk moved info from. Duggy 1138 (talk) 09:04, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved from the Image article.
 *
 * Duggy 1138 (talk) 09:56, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
 * It was previously added by User:Avalyn back in 2007. --kundor (talk) 19:18, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kundor


text:
User talk:Ekhalom

Welcome to my old talk page!

Not in use anymore. Please see Talk:GalaazV.

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Ekhalom


text: File:TheDraw ANSI.png

title: File:TheDraw ANSI.png


text:
User:Ianloic

I like Goats.

My Weblog

title: User:Ianloic


text:
User talk:Juzeris

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 23:58, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome and the info - though I have already been through some of it, I am aware that there is still a lot to learn about the nuances of editing and behaviour in the wiki world. Juzeris 17:01, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Latvian mythology
I believe most of those articles came from Encyclopedia Mythica. Tuf-Kat 03:34, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

Your note
Hi there. I got your note on my user page. I just love it when people sign there. It makes me feel like I'm part of a community, and there are people who notice me (though it's probably doing something stupid). I wonder where you did notice me, anyway, since I don't recall having met you before. Well, I'll notice you back. Riga, eh? Well, my knowledge of it is limited to what I know about the Hanseatic League (it's probably progressed a bit since then) and the Smithsonian article I read recently about Vilnius (I imagine them to be similar, which probably offends all Latvians, because that's just the kind of stupid remark I'd make). Anyway, I'm wasting your time... Glad that you took the time to say hi, and see you 'round! --Dmcdevit·t 09:03, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

User category
Sorry about that categorization as a Lithuanian. I did changes in bulk, so I wasn't as concentrated. PeepP 18:45, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Never mind. :) --Jūzeris | Talk 18:59, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

asking for support
Hello, since you are interested in Lithuania I thought hat you might support our letter to Centre for Cartography, Vilnius University. We are asking to release their maps found at www.balticdata.info under GFDL licence so they could be used in articles about Lithuania. So far we got 14 people to "sign" it. The draft in very very rough English is available at user:Renata3/letter. If you decide to support it, I'll need just your first and last names together with your user name. You can leave it on my talk page or send it via email: just attact @gmail.com to my user name. Renata3 22:33, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Science pearls
Hi,

I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project.

This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump?

Thanks for your help, APH from the English wiki

 * I have posted a message informing about this project. --Jūzeris | Talk 20:43, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Some strange festival
Hi, I just saw this entry in Holiday section on November 5 article: "Ancient Latvia - the festival Katrina." I have never heard about it and I could not Google it up. Can you verify that it is really true? Thanks. Renata3 03:33, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * So could you please correct it to best of your knowledge? Because I have no knowledge at all. It just saw and thought it's strange. And it's gonna be on the main page in 4 days, so... Renata3 22:26, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

French Language Films
I notice you are redirecting films to their French titles. You may want to reconsider. According to naming policy, most articles on French films are named incorrectly. Policy says that they should be listed by the name they are most known by in English speaking countries. As most French films are given English titles, the links often have the name that the articles should have. Eventually, most of the articles should be moved to the English names, and the links wouldn't need to be changed. I have considered working on this, but it is very low on my list of things to do. Anyway, I hope you stop changing the links (by by-passing the redirects), as it will make more work in the future.

Of course, some films are best known by their French names, and their articles should be titled in French. -- Samuel Wantman 20:44, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Andris Biedriņš
I have merged the copy-paste move to the correct title. Note that Andris Biedrins is kept as a R from title without diacritics, and all such redirects should be categorized as such. —  F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( [ TALK ] )  17:50, Dec. 18, 2005

Baltic States
Hi, surely the Baltic States are commonly understood in English as Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia and the article Baltic States should primarily deal with that? The article as it is is 95% about them as it is, and this conception of 'Baltic Countries' while valid (e.g. http://www.cbss.st ?) is somewhat secondary to the existing meaning. Disclaimer: I have no specific knowledge on this, only snooping around because I'm off to Riga next week! -- Blorg 23:39, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Latvian Prime Ministers
Hi Jūzeris. Thanks a lot for the input. I was very much in doubt about that one. I simply used the government list, and saw that this spelling was also used on three dead links, compared to a single one for "-ans". My edits to the page were based on the Latvian version of the same page combined with the list from the Cabinet of Ministers.

I'm somewhat uncertain about Voldemārs Zāmuels as well. I think this is the correct spelling, but I'm not 100% sure. The list from the Cabinet of Ministers spells his surname as "Zāmuēls", but the Latvian Wikipedia uses "Zāmuels". I'd also be very happy, if you could tell me the Latvian name of the Democratic Centre Party from the 1920s? Thanks for the mail, and best regards. --Valentinian (talk) 21:27, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Images listed for deletion
Some of your images or media files have been listed for deletion. Please see Images and media for deletion if you are interested in preserving them. Thank you. —Remember the dot (t) 00:54, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Massage
Hi, I saw you were interested in massage if you would like to come over and help me out that would be great! ThanksBronayur 21:15, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Latvian help needed
Hello Juzeris, I'm contacting you because we need some Latvian translators to help with the deployment of the new VisualEditor on lv.wikipedia. There are help pages, user guides, and description pages that need translating, as well as the interface itself. The translating work is going on over on MediaWiki: Translation Central. I also need help with a personal message for the Latvian Wikipedians. If you are able to help in any way, either reply here, or head over to TranslationCentral. Thanks for your time, PEarley (WMF) (talk) 18:19, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

Flight company listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Flight company. Since you had some involvement with the Flight company redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. - TheChampionMan1234 22:07, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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You have been removed from Local Embassy due to inactivity
Hi Juzeris! You're receiving this notification because you were previously listed at Local Embassy, but you haven't made any edits to the English Wikipedia in over 6 months.

Because of your inactivity, you have been removed from the list. If you would like to resubscribe, you can do so at any time by visiting Local Embassy.

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title: User talk:Juzeris


text:
User talk:The Ephialtist

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 23:59, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ta! The Ephialtist 06:24, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:The Ephialtist


text:
User talk:Shikasta

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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 * Policy Library
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 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
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 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
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 * Current polls
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 23:59, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shikasta


text:
Coat of arms of Kłodzko

The coat of arms of Kłodzko shows a white Bohemian Lion on a red field with a golden crown and a double tail. The coat of arms comes from the dynasty of Czech kings Premyslids.

Legend
Residents of Kłodzko, granted municipal rights by Přemysl Otakar II, the ruler of the Bohemia, decided to go to the Prague court, to ask the king for the grant of a coat of arms, which was the most important determinant of a city in the Middle Ages. The king, after an audience with the delegation, agreed to give Kłodzko a coat of arms, which represented the lion's crown. During the transport of stone sculptures of the image of a lion to Kłodzko, an accident occurred when the statue fell out of the cart and broke in a place where the lion's tail was. Therefore, the messenger once again went to Prague, where he received a new sculpture with arms, with the difference that the sculptor, as a safety measure, made the lion with two tails. This time on the way back, nothing happened, and the disc arrived safely to Kłodzko.

Coat of arms
In fact, the Kladsko/Kłodzko/Glatz coat of arms was granted to the city by King Ottokar II sometime during his reign (1253–1278). The precise date and circumstances are not known, because the royal foundation charter (or its copy) has not survived. The figure of a silver lion with two tails refers to the heraldic symbol of the Kingdom of Bohemia, to which all the Kłodzko Land belonged from the 10th century until 1742–1748. The earliest image of a lion is preserved on the municipal seal originating in the third quarter of the 13th century.

A similar coat of arms is also borne by the second biggest town in this region – Bystrzyca Kłodzka.

title: Coat of arms of Kłodzko


text:
Françoise Boivin

Françoise Boivin (born June 11, 1960 in Hull, Quebec) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Gatineau in the House of Commons of Canada until 2015.

She first represented the district from 2004 to 2006 as a member of the Liberal Party, but was defeated in the 2006 election by Richard Nadeau of the Bloc Québécois. She subsequently left the Liberals and ran to reclaim her seat in the 2008 election as a New Democratic Party candidate, but was narrowly defeated by Nadeau. She was re-elected to Parliament as a New Democrat in the 2011 election. She was defeated in 2015.

Studies, early career and community involvement
Françoise Boivin has degrees in social sciences and civil law from the University of Ottawa.

Boivin has been a member of the Quebec Bar since 1984. She began her legal career with Beaudry, Bertrand and subsequently co-founded the law firm Letellier & Associés. During this time, she also taught, and was in charge of the negotiation sector, at the Quebec Bar training school.

In September 1998, Boivin hosted a public affairs program on CJRC. She was subsequently asked to host a number of other programs for CJRC-1150 and for Canal Vox. During the times of increasing price of gas, she asked her radio listeners to boycott Petro-Canada to push the country's national fuel company to decrease its prices.

In 2000, she set up her own firm where she works mainly in the area of labour law.

Boivin has participated in many fundraising activities to help agencies such as the Canadian Cancer Society, the Outaouais Alzheimer's Society, and the Foundation for Heart Disease (Outaouais). She has also worked closely with various support and network agencies helping women and seniors.

Liberal politician
In 2004, Boivin, a longtime Liberal supporter, won her party's nomination for Gatineau. She defeated Bloc candidate Richard Nadeau by only two percentage points, an unusually close margin for what has historically been a strongly federalist riding. She made a breakthrough in politics as newly elected Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) by being one of the first to openly oppose the US missile defence system, a point of view that ultimately became the official position of Prime Minister Paul Martin.

Françoise Boivin was also chosen to be the official seconder to the 2004 Speech from the Throne in October of that year. She was a member of the Committee on Bill C-38 to provide legal recognition of same-sex marriage, which she supported. In Parliament, she was a member of the Subcommittee on Parliamentary Privilege and the Liberal Committee on Cities and Communities. She was also part of the Standing Committee on Official Languages and the Standing Committee on Finance.

She was named "Rookie of the Year" by Susan Delacourt of the Toronto Star, and was one of the rare MPs to have never missed a vote in the House of Commons. As a member of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs which studied the topic of Electoral Reform, on May 17, 2005, when Ed Broadbent proposed a detailed resolution that the government launch a process of electoral reform, she immediately stated that she fully concurred with his resolution, which formed the basis for the Committee's Report the next month. She also served as chair of the Liberal Women's Caucus.

Boivin was narrowly defeated by Nadeau in the January 23, 2006 federal election. She remained active within the Liberal Party, backing Michael Ignatieff during the 2006 Liberal Party leadership campaign and as media specialist for the Liberal Women's Commission (Quebec).

Move to the NDP
On February 25, 2008, Boivin announced that she would seek to regain her old seat, this time as the candidate of the NDP. She opted to leave the Liberals after learning they planned to have a "star candidate" parachute into the riding. However, she said that her views were more aligned with those of the NDP than the Liberals. She had been a prominent member of the Liberals' left wing, and voted against stated Liberal policy five or six times during her initial stint in Parliament. She was formally welcomed to the party on June 17 at a press conference that included NDP leader Jack Layton and deputy leader/Quebec lieutenant Thomas Mulcair.

As an indication of her popularity, Boivin came in a very close second during the 40th Canadian Election in October 2008, beating the Liberal and distant Conservative candidates and challenging incumbent Nadeau very late into election night for the final result. At 29.1%, Nadeau received the lowest share of the popular vote of any candidate elected in that election.

Between elections
Boivin practiced labour law at her own law firm and was strongly involved in Outaouais community activities and associations. She was an advisory member of the committee for the President of the Women's Business Network (RÉFAP) and a guest speaker at the Public Service Commission Management School. She appeared weekly on television as host of La Vérité choc with Roger Blanchette and Le Témoin est à vous on Canal Vox, and as a news commentator on the Denis Lévesque broadcast on LCN and TVA.

At its November 2008 convention, Boivin was elected president of the Quebec Section of the federal NDP, a position she occupied until November 2010.

2011 election
Boivin once again ran as the NDP candidate in her old riding of Gatineau during the 41st Canadian election. In the May 2, 2011 election, she won with 61.8% of the vote as part of the massive NDP tsunami that swept across Quebec, finishing 27,000 votes ahead of Nadeau.

41st Parliament
On May 26, 2011 Layton named Boivin critic for the Status of Women. On September 20, 2011, interim Opposition Leader Nycole Turmel also named her Deputy Critic for Justice. Boivin also co-chaired the Standing Joint Committee on Scrutiny of Regulations with Conservative Senator Bob Runciman. In April 2012, newly elected NDP leader Mulcair named her critic for Justice.

2015 election
Boivin lost to Liberal Steven MacKinnon in the October 19, 2015 election.

Electoral record
Source: Elections Canada

title: Françoise Boivin


text:
Kazimierz Dolny

Kazimierz Dolny is a small historic town in eastern Poland, on the right (eastern) bank of the Vistula river in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship. Historically it belongs to Lesser Poland, and in the past it was one of the most important cities of the province.

Now a tourist destination, the town enjoyed its greatest prosperity in the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, due to the trade in grain conducted along the Vistula. It became an economic backwater after that trade declined, and this freeze in economic development enabled the town to preserve its Renaissance urban plan and appearance. Since the 19th century it has become a holiday destination, attracting artists and summer residents.

Kazimierz Dolny is an art center in Poland. Many painters retreat to this small town to paint and sell their work. Galleries can be found in almost every street, offering for sale sculptures, stained-glass, folk art, and fine art.

The town is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated September 16, 1994 and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Location
Kazimierz Dolny is located on the eastern bank of the Vistula (Wisła), at the edge of historical Lublin Upland extending further east from Małopolska Upland to the west. It owes its picturesque location to the Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vistula. The town is part of the so-called tourist triangle Puławy – Kazimierz Dolny – Nałęczów. It does not have a rail connection, the nearest station is located in Puławy (Puławy - Miasto).

History
The history of Kazimierz Dolny dates back to the 11th century, when on one of the local hills there was a Benedictine settlement called Wietrzna Gora. In 1181, Prince Casimir II the Just handed the settlement to Norbertine nuns from Kraków’s district of Zwierzyniec. The nuns changed its name to Kazimierz, in honor of the prince. For the first time, the name Kazimierz appears in chronicles in 1249. Later on, the adjective Dolny (Lower) was added, to distinguish the town from the Jewish town Kazimierz - now a district of Kraków. In the early 14th century, the village became a royal possession, and King Władysław I the Elbow-high founded there a parish church in 1325.

The foundation of the town is attributed to Władysław's son, King Casimir III the Great, who granted the town rights in the first half of the 14th century. Later, King Władysław II Jagiełło modernized Kazimierz Dolny, creating a modern town, with a market square and streets. At that time, the decision was taken not to build any houses on the northern side of the market square, so as not to obstruct the view of the church and the castle.

In 1501, Kazimierz Dolny became the home of a starosta, and the town was passed over to the noble Firlej family, remaining in its hands until 1644. The Firlejs twice rebuilt the town and the castle, after the fires of 1561 and 1585. They cared about privileged status of Kazimierz Dolny, as a merchant town, located along the busy waterway of the Vistula. In 1628, Franciscan friars settled in Kazimierz, building a monastery and expanding the church.

The town's golden age ended in February 1656 (see Deluge), when Swedish troops under King Charles X Gustav burned and ransacked it. The number of inhabitants declined, and King John III Sobieski tried to improve the situation, by allowing in 1677 Armenian, Greek and Jewish merchants to settle there. Meanwhile, the profitable Vistula river trade came to an end, as there was no demand for Polish grains in Western Europe. In the late 18th century, as a result of the Partitions of Poland, Kazimierz Dolny was cut from the port of Gdańsk and turned into a town of minor importance.

From the late 19th century, more affluent residents of Lublin and Warsaw started to build properties in the area. Spas and villas were constructed, and in 1927, already in the Second Polish Republic, Kazimierz Dolny once again became a town. Partly destroyed in World War II, it was rebuilt, and on September 8, 1994, its center was officially recognized as a historical monument.

In 2024, Kazimierz Dolny was placed by Travel + Leisure magazine on the list of Europe's 22 most beautiful small towns and villages.

Jewish life
A small Jewish community was present in the city from the time of Casimir III the Great in the 14th century. The king granted the Jews a writ of rights which caused the town to become a focal point for Jewish immigration. When John III Sobieski became King in 1674, he granted the Jews of Poland a respite from taxes. Sobieski also reconfirmed for the Jews all the rights they had been granted by previous kings. During his reign, the housing restrictions were abolished and the Jewish community began to flourish again.

In the 19th century, Yehezkel Taub, a disciple of the "Seer of Lublin", founded the Hasidic dynasty of Kuzmir in the town.

Between the First and Second World Wars, the Jewish population was about 1,400, half the total population of the town. The town's picturesque surroundings were chosen to film scenes for the shtetl-based 1937 Yiddish film The Dybbuk. It was also a location for the similar 1936 film Yiddle With His Fiddle.

The Germans invaded Kazimierz Dolny in September 1939. The population at that time included about 1800 Jews, slightly less than 40 percent of the population. During the occupation, a Judenrat (Jewish Council) was established in the town which was forced to oversee the German requirements of forced labor of the town's Jews. This included road reconstruction, rock quarrying, and menial tasks serving the Nazis. They were forced to pave roads using tombstones from the local Jewish cemetery. In 1940, the Germans established a ghetto, bringing all the Jews from the surrounding Puławy County to live in the ghetto. In 1942, those Jews who had survived hunger, disease and slave labor were taken to Belzec where they were gassed on arrival. At the end of 1942, the town was officially declared "free of Jews". Fewer than twenty of Kazimierz Dolny's Jewish inhabitants are thought to have survived the war. After the Holocaust, a memorial wall was erected using tombstones from the Jewish cemetery that survived.

One of the most famous Jewish residents of the town was the painter and sculptor Chaim Goldberg. Another Jewish scion of the city was Polish-American journalist Samuel Leib Shneiderman.

Points of interest
Notable historical buildingslocated in Kazimierz Dolny include:

 * Parish church of St Bartholomew and John the Baptist (1586–1589), with 1620 organs, and 1615 pulpit,
 * St Anne's Church (1671) and Holy Spirit hospital (1635),
 * St Mary's Church (1589) and monastery (1638–68),
 * Ruins of the castle (14th-16th century),
 * Defensive tower (13th or 14th century),
 * Several houses by the architect Karol Siciński, including one built by Kazimierz Ołdakowski
 * Tenement houses (early 17th century),
 * Several historic granaries (16th and 17th centuries).
 * Synagogue.

Film and Art Festival
Kazimierz Dolny is also a place of a prominent Two Riversides Film and Art Festival ("Festiwal Filmu i Sztuki Dwa Brzegi") which is held every year during the month of August drawing many film lovers from around the world. The town has been the location of several films.

Twin towns
Kazimierz Dolny is twinned with:

 * 🇵🇱 Szklarska Poręba (Poland)
 * 🇭🇺 Hortobágy (Hungary)
 * 🇩🇪 Staufen im Breisgau (Germany)
 * 🇩🇪 Berlin-Steglitz (Germany)
 * 🇳🇿 Pahiatua (New Zealand)

title: Kazimierz Dolny


text:
User talk:Zr40

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 00:00, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

eerste nl.wikimedia.org ontmoeting
ik zou iedereen graag willen uitnodigen te overwegen of zij een rol willen en/of kunnen spelen in de oprichting van een nederlandse wikimedia-organisatie. een eerste ontmoeting wordt momenteel georganiseerd, zie daarvoor hier, op de nl.wikimedia.org wiki. er zijn nog vele stappen te nemen, en meer wikianen nodig, om e.e.a. op verantwoorde wijze verder te ontwikkelen. Radiant_ >|< 10:50, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

VWN en WCN
Beste Zr40,

Al enige tijd is er een Nederlandstalig chapter in oprichting, te vinden op http://nl.wikimedia.org. Dit wordt de Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland (VWN). Je kunt je interesse om lid te worden van deze vereniging hier aangeven.

Deze vereniging gaat eind augustus/begin september een Wikimedia Conferentie in Nederland (WCN) houden, volgend op Wikimania in Boston, gedeeltelijk erop inspelend middels een aantal discussiegroepen. Om iets dergelijks te organiseren is imput erg gewenst. Dus als je wilt meehelpen, of als je interesse hebt om bij een dergelijk evenement aanwezig te zijn, geef dat dan aan op nl.wikimedia. Ik hoop daar snel je imput tegemoet te zien! Met vriendelijke groet, effeietsanders 21:36, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zr40


text:
Venice Preserv'd

Venice Preserv'd is an English Restoration play written by Thomas Otway, and the most significant tragedy of the English stage in the 1680s. It was first staged in 1682, with Thomas Betterton as Jaffeir and Elizabeth Barry as Belvidera. The play was soon printed and enjoyed many revivals through to the 1830s. In 2019, the Royal Shakespeare Company staged a modern adaptation, Venice Preserved, at the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon.

Plot
Jaffeir, a noble but impoverished Venetian, has secretly married Belvidera, the daughter of a proud senator named Priuli, who has cut off her inheritance. Jaffeir's friend Pierre, a foreign soldier, stokes Jaffeir's resentment and entices him into a plot against the Senate of Venice. Pierre's own reasons for plotting against the Senate revolve around another senator (the corrupt, foolish Antonio) paying for relations with Pierre's mistress, Aquilina. Despite Pierre's complaints, the Senate does nothing about it, explaining that Antonio has senatorial privilege.

Pierre introduces Jaffeir to the conspirators, led by bloodthirsty Renault. To get their trust, Jaffeir must put Belvidera in Renault's care as a hostage. That night, Renault attempts to rape Belvidera, but she escapes to Jaffeir. Jaffeir then tells Belvidera about the plot against the Senate. She devises a plan of her own: Jaffeir will reveal the conspiracy to the Senate and claim the lives of the conspirators as his reward. (Jaffeir would then choose to pardon some or all of the conspirators, notably his friend Pierre.)

Jaffeir follows Belvidera's plan, but when the Senate gives the conspirators the choice between confession (and the possibility of pardon) and death, they choose to die rather than sacrifice their pride. In remorse for betraying Pierre and losing his honor, Jaffeir threatens to kill Belvidera, unless she can obtain a pardon for the conspirators. She does so, but the pardon arrives too late. Jaffeir visits Pierre before his execution. Pierre is crestfallen because he is sentenced to die a dishonourable death by hanging, not the death of a soldier. He forgives Jaffeir and whispers to him (unheard by the audience) to kill him honourably before he is executed. Just as Pierre is about to be hanged, Jaffeir rushes up to the gallows and stabs him; as a form of atonement, he then commits suicide. Belvidera then goes insane and dies.

Antonio
Antonio is a corrupt senator who is sexually involved with the courtesan Aquilina: in the prologue of Venice Preserv’d, Otway describes Antonio as “a Senator that keeps a whore/ In Venice none of a higher office bore. / To lewdness every night the lecher ran;/ Show me, all London, such another man, /”. Otway's invitation to find a “such another man” has allowed several critics to connect Senator Antonio with Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, who was a Whig politician.

Antonio's key scene in Venice Preserv’d is the "Nicky Nacky" scene where Antonio attempts foreplay with Aquilina by pretending to be a bull, a toad, and a dog. According to Derek H. Hughes, Antonio's relationship with Aquilina mirrors other relationships in the play by portraying prostitution, submission, and self-abasement, which can be subtly seen in the relationships between Renault and Belvidera, Jaffeir and Pierre, and Jaffeir and Belvidera.

Aquilina
Aquilina is a courtesan who is romantically involved with Pierre and sexually involved with the senator Antonio. Aquilina allows Pierre to meet with the conspirators in her home (II.i.48.) Aquilina appears in the play three times: Act II, Act III, and Act V (8). When the Lyric Theatre performed Venice Preserv’d in 1920, Edith Evans performed as a successful Aquilina. Aquilina was played by Stephanie Beacham at the Lyttelton Theatre in 1984.

Belvidera
Belvidera is a noblewoman who is the daughter of Priuli and the wife of Jaffeir. “Belvidera is affectionate, constant, and pure” character who remains faithful to Jaffeir and gains pardon for the conspirators who were plotting to murder her father (1). According to Derek Hughes, Belvidera is a complex character; sometimes Belvidera is an admirable character, particularly in comparison to those who surround her. When Jaffeir tells Belvidera of the plot to destroy the senate, she recognises the corruption of the senate, but does not condone the plan of the conspirators (4): she says to Jaffeir, “Can thy great heart descend so vilely low, / Mix with hired slaves, bravoes, and common/ stabbers,… and take a ruffian's wages/ To cut the throats of wretches as they sleep?” (8). Her argument persuades Jaffeir to not partake in the conspirators’ plan, but to instead turn them in to the senate.

On the other hand, Derek Hughes also says, “Belvidera is not different in kind from the other characters. She is the highest product of the world of Venice Preserv’d, but she is of that world to the very end” (4). Belvidera is also resourceful and cunning when it comes to getting what she wants. Belvidera persuades Jaffeir to discontinue his association with the conspirators by telling him of Renault's assault towards her (III. ii. 181.) Belvidera calls upon the memories of her dead mother to convince her father to pardon the conspirators (Otway V. i. 44.)

Venice Preserv'd’s first performance was at the Duke's Theatre on 9 February 1682, with Elizabeth Barry as Belvidera. In 1782 at the Drury Lane Theatre, Sarah Siddons played the role of Belvidera; two years later, Siddons was Belvidera at the Covenant Garden (5). The Lyric Theatre in London filled the role of Belvidera with Cathleen Nesbitt in 1920. Barbara Leigh-Hunt played Belvidera in 1970 at Prospect Productions’ production of Venice Preserv’d. Jane Lapotaire was Belvidera in Lyttelton Theatre's production of Venice Preserv’d in 1984. In 2019, Jodie McNee played Belvidera at the RSC.

Jaffeir
Jaffeir is the husband of Belvidera, the son-in-law of Priuli, and the friend of Pierre.

Jaffeir is the tragic hero in Venice Preserv’d: he is expected to fulfill the roles of husband, friend, and activist. According to Michael DePorte, “Most readers seldom, if ever, admire Jaffeir for anything, they can sympathize with him only as a man torn on the horns of a terrible dilemma;” that dilemma being his divided loyalties between Belvidera and Pierre (1). Because of his friendship with Pierre, Jaffeir gives his loyalty to Pierre and the conspirators, but because of his love for Belvidera he betrays Pierre and the conspirators.

According to Bywaters, Jaffeir can be easily compared with the Popish betrayer Titus Oates due to the proximity of the Popish Plot with the production of Venice Preserv’d, as well as the Catholic terminology that Pierre uses in reference to Jaffeir (2). The religious tones in Venice Preserv’d allows Bettie Proffitt, in her article concerning religious symbolism in Venice Preserv’d, to compare Jaffeir with Adam.

For the opening showing of Venice Preserv’d on 9 February 1682 at the Duke's Theatre, William Smith played the character of Jaffeir. In 1782 John Kemble was Jaffeir. In London in 1953, John Gielgud filled the role of Jaffeir. Alan Bates was Jaffeir in 1969 at The Bristol Old Vic's production of Venice Preserv’d. More recently, John Castle was Jaffeir in 1970 during the Prospects Productions’ of Venice Preserv’d. (6) in 1984 Michael Pennington was Jaffeir (6). In 2019, Michael Grady-Hall played Jaffeir at the RSC.

Pierre
Pierre is the friend of Jaffeir, the lover of Aquilina, and a conspirator against the senate, as well as a soldier for Venice. Pierre discovers that while he has been away (presumably at war) Senator Antonio has been sexually involved with his mistress Aquilina. Pierre brings this matter before the senate hoping for justice, but the senate excuses Antonio's behaviour as a privilege entitled to the senators (I. i. 206–217). This situation is what causes Pierre to become involved with the conspiracy against the State.

Pierre is the primary voice for the conspirators and delivers many eloquent speeches throughout the play. Pierre has little difficulty in recruiting Jaffeir to the plot against the senate because of his ability to transform Jaffeir's need for revenge against Priuli into a need for revenge against the corrupt senate (3)

Even though Pierre manipulates Jaffeir, Pierre is a loyal and devoted friend to Jaffeir (1). When Pierre presents Jaffeir to the conspirators, he says, “I’ve brought my All into the publick Stock, / I had but one Friend, and him I’ll share amongst you!” (II. 310–11) Not only faithful to Jaffeir, Pierre is also faithful to his cause with the conspirators until the very end.

Because of Pierre's political jargon, several of his speeches have been censored over the years. Bywaters believes that Venice Preserv’d is an attack on the Whig party and that Pierre's speeches are the primary vehicle for those attacks: “and Pierre’s accusation of a ‘new Tyranny’... turns the Whigs’ rhetoric of tyranny and arbitrary power against them." Pierre’s charismatic speeches encourage such a passionate response from the audience that The Times wrote, “the audience seemed enraptured with every development of rebel villainy." After an assassination attempt on George III, the performance of Venice Preserv’d that evening nearly caused a riot which caused the further performances to be cancelled. Venice Preserv’d was not seen in London for seven years until it returned in 1802; however, Pierre's part was censored and lacking its idealism.

At the Duke's Theatre in 1682, Pierre was performed by Thomas Betterton. In 1802 George Frederick Cooke played the role of Pierre. In London in 1920 at the Lyric Theatre, Baliol Holloway was Pierre. In 1953, Pierre was played by Paul Scofield. In the Prospect Production in 1970, Julian Glover was Pierre. (6) in 1984, Ian McKellen played Pierre at the Lyttelton Theatre. In 2019, Stephen Fewell played Pierre at the RSC.

Priuli
Priuli is the father of Belvidera and a senator of Venice. According to DePort, Priuli is a complex character because of the mixed signals he gives concerning Belvidera (1). Priuli calls Belvidera his “age's darling” who is “all that his heart holds dear,” but according to Jaffeir, Priuli protects himself before taking care of Belvidera: “Your unskilled pilot/ Dashed us upon a rock, when to your boat/ You made for safety, entered first yourself” (I. i. 36.). Priuli disowns his only child when she chooses and marries a man without her father's permission (8). In 1984, Brewster Mason played Priuli at the Lyttelton Theatre.

Context
The play contains a fair number of political parallels. The character of Senator Antonio is a reference to Shaftesbury, and the grand plot resembles the Gunpowder Plot, among others, most notably the so-called "Spanish Conspiracy" against Venice of 1618. The oceanic city of Venice had been used as a stand-in for London before, but the subtext most noticeable to contemporaries was the parallel with the Exclusion Crisis (see, for example, Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel). Therefore, one reason for the play's outstanding initial success was its political allusiveness.

Venice Preserv'd also has several feminist issues. As the play was written in the Restoration period, when the legal protections for women were few, the emotional heart of the play is the vulnerability of women. Aquillina, the play's courtesan, is shown very little regard by the men in the play. Her lover, Pierre, refuses to reveal the plot against the Senate to her, suggesting that women shouldn't talk out of bed, and Antonio never calls her by her name, but refers to her only as his "little Nacky" (a slang term for a woman's genitalia). Belvidera is reduced to collateral when she is left in the hands of men her husband barely knows. Jaffeir's honour takes precedence over Belvidera, and the tension over love and honour is the male characters' crisis. At the end of the play, Jaffeir chooses his devotion to his friend over his devotion to his wife, and the two men die honourably, whereas Belvidera is left to die an inglorious death resulting from her madness. Contemporary theatre-goers were sensitive to the tragic tension between the public and private obligations of the characters.

Venice Preserv'd was one of the first of the she-tragedy plays. Contemporary audiences responded to the pathos of the character of Belvidera, which was written for the tragedienne Elizabeth Barry and capitalised on Barry's phenomenal success in the role of the similarly helpless Monimia in Otway's The Orphan (1680). Of all of the characters, Belvidera is the most powerless in the face of overwhelming social and political turmoil. Each of the characters has a conflict between the social and personal laws of class and self. Belvidera has to struggle against duty to her father and to love. Jaffeir has to struggle against "honour" and love, as well as friendship and ideals. Priuli must decide between love of daughter and personal pride. Belvidera remained a starring role for actresses because her tragic situation was most affecting for audiences.

Success of the play
Otway was the toast of London after Venice Preserv'd, and yet the financial situation of the theatre meant that he did not grow wealthy from his work. In 1692, Robert Gould (To Julian, Secretary of the Muses) wrote, "Otway, though very fat, starves." WhileVenice Preserv'd has not survived to the twenty-first century as a byword for tragedy, it was one of the best-known and most important of English tragedies for over 100 years.

On 10 April 1865, John Wilkes Booth told Louis J. Weichmann that he was done with the stage and that the only play he wanted to present henceforth was Venice Preserv'd. Although Weichmann did not understand the reference at the time, it was later assumed to be a veiled allusion to the plot to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.

title: Venice Preserv'd


text:
Jarosław Dąbrowski

Jarosław Żądło-Dąbrowski (13 November 1836 – 23 May 1871), also known as Jaroslav Dombrowski, was a Polish nobleman (szlachta member) and military officer in the Imperial Russian Army, a Polish nationalist and radical republican for Poland, and general and military commander of the Paris Commune in its later period. He was a participant in the Polish 1863 January Uprising and one of the leaders of the "Red" faction among the insurrectionists as a member of the Central National Committee and the Polish Provisional National Government.

Early life
Dąbrowski was born in 1836, after the Partitions of Poland, in Żytomierz, in the Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire, in what is now Zhytomyr in Ukraine. He was the offspring of the old szlachta family Żądło-Dąbrowski z Dąbrówki. He bore the Radwan coat of arms. His father was Wiktor Żądło-Dąbrowski, his mother was Zofia née Falkenhagen-Zaleska.

Military career

In 1845 at age 9, Dąbrowski joined the Imperial Russian Army, enrolling in the officer training corps at the Brest-Litovsk Fortress, where he spent 8 years. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps in 1855. He fought as a Russian officer against uprisings of the local mountain populations in the Caucasian War. In 1859 he enrolled in the General Staff Academy in St. Petersburg. There he was one of the leaders of the secret "Officers' Committee of the First Army". Members included several hundred Russian and Polish officers, cooperating with the revolutionary "Zemlya i Volya" (Land and Liberty) movement. He became involved in the preparation of the January Uprising, but was arrested on 14 August 1862, and exiled to Siberia for his participation in a plot against the Tsar, Alexander II. In 1865, he escaped and fled to France.

In Paris

In early March 1871, following months of siege by the Prussians and the capture of Napoleon III by the Prussian Army, a socialist-anarchist coalition called the Paris Commune seized power in Paris and declared itself independent of the French government. Dąbrowski was elected to the Council of the Paris Commune, using the spelling Jaroslav Dombrowski. As one of the few Commune soldiers with military experience, he was soon named Commander-in-Chief of the Commune forces.

On 21 May 1871, shortly after he was named commander, the French Army attacked and entered Paris. The first reaction of many of the National Guard was to find someone to blame, and Dąbrowski was the first to be accused. Rumors circulated he accepted a million francs to give up the city. He was deeply offended by the rumors. They stopped when he died two days later from wounds received on the barricades. His last reported words were, "Do they still say I was a traitor?" The Commune fell on 28 May 1871.

Misidentification with pianist Henri Dombrowski
A photographic portrait, taken before 1870, of Paris pianist Henri Dombrowski was falsely portrayed as depicting General Jarosław Dąbrowski by photographer Pierre Petit. Petit sold 200,000 copies of the photo. Henri Dombrowski demanded damages. The misidentification with pianist Henri Dombrowski can be seen in many monuments and portrayals of Jarosław Dąbrowski as a result of Petit's actions.

Legacy
Several schools and roads are named after him in Poland; among them most notable is the Military University of Technology in Warsaw. In the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), the Dabrowski Battalion and various brigade-strength units (known in Polish as the Dąbrowszczacy) – were named in his honour. During the communist era Polish banknotes featured Dąbrowski on the 200 zl bill.

title: Jarosław Dąbrowski


text:
User talk:JPetraliaX

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:JPetraliaX


text:
Talk:Water ionizer

Water Ionizers
@MrOllie

The existence of sham water ionizers does not change the fact that water ionizers raise the pH of drinking water. You can feel free to add clarification that many fake machines exist, but water ionizers do raise the pH of the water, and the cited source confirms this. Ronnocerman (talk) 18:26, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Many of the 'ionizers' on the market don't actually separate the gases produced by electrolysis - they dissolve right back into the water leaving the PH unchanged. MrOllie (talk) 18:30, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Again, the existence of fake manchines or incorrectly-made machines that make false claims does not change the fact that a true water ionizer raises the pH of the water significantly and measurably, as confirmed in the source. Ronnocerman (talk) 18:32, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I returned some sourcing and content that was removed a while back that explains the issue. MrOllie (talk) 18:39, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * You returned an armchair chemist's explanation that is unsourced to prove why my edit should not be kept when my edit is backed by a cited medical systemic review referencing multiple specific consumer-grade water ionizers and their ability to produce high-pH water.
 * The only source cited in your edit disproves the edit if you actually read it. Ronnocerman (talk) 20:28, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I came here from the noticeboard. It seems you're having two different arguments here. @MrOllie is claiming water ionizers don't produce alkaline water at all, which I understand. The way they are usually presented by proponents does seem to imply that they produce water with dissolved OH- ions and no cation, which is an impossibility. It seems intentional to me, because otherwise it begs the question of why not just use baking soda water or something. @Ronnocerman is claiming they produce alkaline water, which seems to be true, but they produce it either using an ion exchange membrane in a weakly basic solution to obtain Ca(OH)2 and HCl (pro-ionizer site: https://www.3aaa.gr.jp/english/structure.html) or possibly by electrolyzing NaCl to obtain NaOH (polemic essay by a chemistry professor: http://www.chem1.com/CQ/ionbunk.html). The machines that allow you to control the pH apparently do that by mixing Cl2 back into the solution to make HOCl, which can be added to the NaOH solution according to the desired pH. HansVonStuttgart (talk) 11:30, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, this mostly mirrors most of my understanding of how they work. (I don't think Cl2 is necessary, though. Just CA(OH)2 and HCl.)
 * > produce it either using an ion exchange membrane in a weakly basic solution to obtain Ca(OH)2 and HCl
 * I don't think it's necessary for the solution to be weakly basic. For instance, you could take pure, neutral water and dissolve calcium chloride into it, creating an acid. This can then be electrolyzed via a water ionizer to form alkaline water (via Ca(OH)2), and acidic water (via HCl), as you say.
 * I believe that dissolved salts in tap water can be sufficient, without introduction of additional NaCl. That said, this is a part I want to do more research on.
 * I actually tried to split the non-medical discussion into its own topic, which I called "Water ionizers raise the pH of the water they're ionizing.", below. Ronnocerman (talk) 21:42, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * > The way they are usually presented by proponents does seem to imply that they produce water with dissolved OH- ions and no cation, which is an impossibility.
 * They usually present it as only needing tap water, which has dissolved salts, which is usually sufficient for their operation. Ronnocerman (talk) 21:56, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * @MrOllie
 * You may want to take a gander at WP:STATUSQUOSTONEWALLING Ronnocerman (talk) 18:30, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm familiar, thanks. Sometimes people are just going to disagree with you, it doesn't mean they are 'stonewalling' or that anything nefarious is going on. MrOllie (talk) 18:40, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The article makes numerous sweeping claims that water ionizers are exclusively pseudoscience in both their mechanical/chemical function and their medicinal effects. This take is incorrect due to being seriously improperly unnuanced.
 * Some water ionizers exist that don't work at all (no method of action). Some water ionizers exist that technically work, but in a non-meaningful way (ones that don't use a proper membrane or separate outputs via some other method). Some water ionizers exist that meaningfully "work", but not in their stated way (they supplement via mineral infusion while claiming to work via electrolysis).
 * Many water ionizers exist that work and function via their exact stated methods. You're refusing to allow edits that attempt to clarify this, but are instead adding edits that are patently incorrect misunderstandings of science or with entirely unsourced claims. For example:
 * > so if the area between the alkaline and acidic water is at least semi-permeable, the water will undergo another reaction that just leaves neutral water
 * This is not true. "Semi-permeable" does not mean "slowly permeable" as the text you brought back unscientifically implies. I wish you had the same requirement of scientific rigor for your own edits as you do mine. "Semi-permeable" means that it is a membrane that only allows molecules of specific kinds to pass (usually based on size or charge). In the case of an anion-exchange membrane, it conducts anions, but rejects cations and gasses. For example, a semi-permeable membrane is used in Anion exchange membrane electrolysis. Even still, the presence of even a permeable membrane can still be sufficient to properly separate the resulting pH-imbalanced waters for the time necessary to create them before they are pumped out. The linked citation confirms this (referencing a "porous barrier" in the creation of its pH-imbalanced waters), and even tracks the amount of time it takes for the water to diffuse through it until it is neutralized.
 * On top of this, alkaline water has many "miracle cure" pseudoscience quackery claims made about it, but the fact of the matter is that (as the studies I have shared show) alkaline water does have some very specific health benefits relating to reflux disease.
 * You make a distinction that the studies I gave do not prove that alkaline water derived via electrolysis (electrolysis-reduced-alkaline-water, or ERAW) provide health benefits, and only suggest that "bicarbonate"-derived water has health benefits. Those studies find that "alkaline water" is effective, and only explain in their methods that the alkaline water they chose to use was bicarbonate-derived. They make their statements based on the alkalinity of the water exclusively, and not based on the method they used to derive it. In no part of their study do they claim that it must be bicarbonate-derived. You're moving the goalposts in a way that these peer-reviewed scientists did not when they made their claims.
 * > Exposure of pepsin to alkaline water with a pH level greater than 8 has been shown to inactivate pepsin, suggesting that alkaline water might be useful as an adjunct treatment for patients with LPR.
 * Additionally, there are sources in this article itself that are about the specific health benefits of ERAW, and not about sodium-bicarbonate-derived alkaline water. See here. Suspiciously, the fact that this is a systemic review in favor of ERAW is ignored and it is only referenced as part of the definition of a water ionizer. You won't even let me make an edit to that very statement that is sourced with a systemic review that explains that water ionizers produce alkaline water. Your vague belief that "most of these machines don't actually change the ph", which you leave uncited, does not trump a medical review that explains multiple consumer-grade "water ionizer" machines that produce alkaline water.
 * Alkaline water is not going to cure cancer, but it is rigorously proven to have some specific health benefits. Yes, even ERAW. Not just sodium-bicarbonate-derived alkaline water.
 * You're refusing to allow this article to progress in a scientific direction. Large portions of this article are incorrect, unsourced, and make sweeping false generalizations. You're reverting any edits I make that provide for the proper nuance, instead reverting to incorrect and unsourced statements.
 * You're Status Quo Stonewalling on an article that seriously lacks NPOV. Ronnocerman (talk) 20:26, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * WP:WALLOFTEXT... I will just pick a few sentences that strike me as false.
 * You're Status Quo Stonewalling Nonsense. The study you quoted was just not good enough: it was a WP:PRIMARY study. The revert was in line with the rules.
 * "Semi-permeable" does not mean "slowly permeable" Of course it doesn't. Which text is supposed to imply it does? You are not very transparent.
 * You have no good sources for your extraordinary claim that there are working water ionizers.
 * The paragraph starting with The effectiveness of the process is debatable is just basic chemistry you learn at school, applied to the claim. It's almost WP:SKYISBLUE territory. --Hob Gadling (talk) 19:37, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * > The study you quoted was just not good enough: it was a WP:PRIMARY study.
 * Per your link
 * > Primary sources that have been reputably published may be used in Wikipedia, but only with care, because it is easy to misuse them.
 * Additionally, the other two studies I posted were not, but were still deemed insufficient.
 * > Of course it doesn't. Which text is supposed to imply it does?
 * This text:
 * > if the area between the alkaline and acidic water is at least semi-permeable, the water will undergo another reaction that just leaves neutral water.
 * A semi-permeable membrane does not imply that the water will mix at any point, even if left for a long period. Semi-permeable membranes are, in fact, a critical component for the function of some kinds of alkaline water electrolyzers.
 * > You have no good sources for your extraordinary claim that there are working water ionizers.
 * Per citation 2 on the article itself. Look at Table 2. There are plentry of working ones. They even give the pH, before and after, of different tested streams which show that they produce alkaline water.
 * https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/5/4/2094
 * Look Anion exchange membrane electrolysis if you want more details on how various electrolysis-derived alkaline water producers work.
 * > is just basic chemistry you learn at school, applied to the claim. It's almost WP:SKYISBLUE territory
 * The citation for that sentence now cites an article that cites this wiki page. It's a self-citation. It's also scientifically wrong. Ronnocerman (talk) 21:37, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Here is a video that is highly critical of water ionizers (as I am!), and the only positive points that they mention among the snake oil are the fact that there are good, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that point to benefit for reflux disease and *maybe* being decent for reducing oxidative stress.
 * See 1:22:29 for the discussion of the reflux study (and there are more than just the one she looked at).
 * See 1:27:18 where she discusses the fact that reflux disease is likely benefited.
 * Again, this is from someone who spent the time to make a two hours video tearing apart the idea of water ionizers so people don't get scammed. Her final conclusions throughout the video is that they're marketed in a scammy way, but they certainly produce alkaline water and she concedes that specifically for reflux diseases, they're likely to be helpful. She doesn't even see the other studies that further confirmed that alkaline water helps reflux disease.
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSkVkXZz2oA
 * I use alkaline water for treating my reflux disease, and I can't stand every time I have to hear all the snake oil that is peddled about other aspects of alkaline water. For anything besides reflux disease and (mild) antioxidant properties, alkaline water is snake oil.
 * Water ionizers do make alkaline water. Water ionizers help with some very specific health conditions. The majority of the positive claims made about them are misleading at best, and entirely false at worst. But they do help with reflux disease.
 * All I am trying to do is add that nuance to this article. Ronnocerman (talk) 22:10, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * MEDRS needs to be followed for health claims. --Hipal (talk) 22:11, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, the in-vitro study is insufficient unless even-more-heavily qualified than I qualified it. But it's also the least convincing study of the studies I pointed at, which were also discarded as being irrelevant. Ronnocerman (talk) 22:34, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Because none of them meet the requirements of WP:MEDRS, which you have been pointed to several times. Also, it bears mentioning that MDPI is well known as a predatory publisher. MrOllie (talk) 00:14, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

A request for assistance was posted at FTN: Fringe_theories/Noticeboard --Hipal (talk) 20:40, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 15 November 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Reading Beans (talk) 19:35, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Water ionizer → Alkaline water – Checking Google Ngram, Google Trends, and Google Scholar (alkaline water, water ionizer) makes it very clear that "alkaline water" and its purported health benefits are what this page should focus on and be titled after. More recognizable, much more common. DFlhb (talk) 08:22, 15 November 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose. 'Alkaline water' is not a synonym for 'Water ionizer'. The device is the topic of this article. ― Synpath 02:03, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Water ionizer


text:
User talk:Lanz

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Lanz! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:58, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Meimu -

Proposed deletion of Cybaster

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title: User talk:Lanz


text:
Talk:Martha's Vineyard

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LowellB108.

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58th largest island...
I can't think who would want to know this. It is certainly not ledeworthy. Valetude (talk) 21:24, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

Why the outrage?
...a stark example of severe income inequalities between year-round residents and their seasonal counterparts.
 * In other words, the same as any upmarket holiday resort anywhere on earth. I think I'm hearing a bit of a Woke sermon, that seems to be popping-up in a lot of other places on Wiki. Valetude (talk) 21:30, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The language comes straight from sources. The source cited for that sentence says "the island is actually a place where the wealth gap is starker than almost anywhere else in the United States". The WP:OTHERCONTENT idea that Wikipedia as a whole has some vague political problem isn't a constructive topic for a talk page. What specifically is not NPOV here? - Astrophobe  (talk) 22:17, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * It is simply not a notable statement. Not encyclopedic. Valetude (talk) 22:30, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Oh, I definitely don't agree that it's not notable. Broad details about the economy of a place are one of the first and main things that an encyclopedia article about a place should contain. - Astrophobe  (talk) 22:33, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with Astrophobe. AJD (talk) 23:45, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

What about the recent situation with the migrants?
I am not autoconfirmed, but I feel like it is notable enough for the article, there seems to be enough news coverage. MakerJulian (talk) 00:04, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

Weasel words
"Ron DeSantis sent 50 asylum-seekers in what was widely described and condemned as a political publicity stunt."

These are clearly weasel words. Who exactly condemned it?--89.64.122.128 (talk) 09:33, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I noticed that too. Unfortunately, it's true! Most of the left-wing media did refer to this as a publicity stunt...or worse.  I suspect millions of Americans would be more inclined to call DeSantis a hero though, but we'll know better after the big poll on November 8th.  Best thing to do is find a couple of reliable conservative sources not listed yet at WP:RSP, and cite a few sources in support of DeSantis actions.  If you get any pushback, refer to WP:DUE. Magnolia677 (talk) 11:21, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 September 2022
Change "illegal immigrants" to "immigrants" or "asylum seekers". As described in the page linked by that phrase, they were not illegal. 72.76.33.192 (talk) 11:59, 23 September 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅  Madeline  ( part of me ) 14:49, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Incorrect citation
The part in the toponym section about it being the eighth oldest island is not in the source listed (Stewart 1945) and I couldn't find any info about it online. 128.119.202.148 (talk) 02:16, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martha's Vineyard


text:
User talk:Naeemqasai

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

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title: User talk:Naeemqasai