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The Trumpet-Major

The Trumpet-Major is a novel by Thomas Hardy published in 1880, and his only historical novel. Hardy included it with his "romances and fantasies". It concerns the heroine, Anne Garland, being pursued by three suitors: John Loveday, the eponymous trumpet major in a British regiment, honest and loyal; his brother Bob, a flighty sailor; and Festus Derriman, the cowardly nephew of the local squire. Unusually for a Hardy novel, the ending is not entirely tragic; however, there remains an ominous element in the probable fate of one of the main characters.

The novel is set in Weymouth during the Napoleonic wars; the town was then anxious about the possibility of invasion by Napoleon. Of the two brothers, John fights with Wellington in the Peninsular War, and Bob serves with Nelson at Trafalgar. The Napoleonic Wars was a setting that Hardy would use again in his play, The Dynasts, and it borrows from the same source material.

Edward Neill has called the novel an attempt to repeat the success of his earlier work Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), after the limited success of his intervening works. The novel originally appeared in 1880 in the Evangelical serial Good Words (January–December) with 33 illustrations by John Collier. The three-volume first edition was published in October 1880.

Window overlooking the Down
It's 1804 and England expects an invasion attempt by Napoleon Bonaparte's armies. Near Budmouth (Weymouth) Anne Garland lives with her widowed mother in part of a flour mill, next to their landlord and friend miller William Loveday. Thousands of soldiers pitch camp on the downs nearby, ready to meet the invasion. Anne attracts the admiration of two of them, both with local connections: Trumpet Major John Loveday, the decent and thoughtful son of the miller, and Yeomanry officer Festus Derriman, the boastful and aggressive nephew of the skinflint local squire. Anne favours John and loathes Festus, but Festus pesters her, a situation not helped by her mother's desire for her to marry him on account of his rank and (assumed) wealth. However, when her mother changes her view (partly due to the miller's courting of her) and favours marriage to John, Anne changes her mind and favours Festus, thinking herself too ‘high’ for a miller's son.

Into all this walks Bob Loveday, the miller's younger son, home from a life in the merchant navy. Anne has a secret passion for him (they were childhood sweethearts), but he has brought home Matilda, a prospective bride whom he met just two weeks earlier in Southampton. John and Matilda recognise each other, and after a private conversation about her past she does a midnight flit. John tells Bob what's happened, and although Bob understands, he can't help resenting John's intervention. Miller Loveday and Mrs Garland marry, John's regiment moves away (with neither Anne, Bob nor Festus sorry to see him go), and Anne turns her focus to Bob. Anne plays hard to get with Bob, while Festus continues to pester her. She discovers that John sent Matilda away for honourable reasons (she'd previously thought he'd done it to elope with her), and writes him an apologetic letter, which he misinterprets as encouragement. Festus's uncle insists on telling Anne where he's hidden his will and other documents, but she drops the (cryptic) details in a field, where they're found by a mysterious woman.

The Conversation in the Crowd
The invasion beacons are lit, although it's a false alarm. In the chaos Festus almost has Anne at his mercy in an isolated cottage. She escapes and is found by John. He finds Festus and beats him, but drunken Festus thinks he's Bob. John thinks he has a chance with Anne but discovers she's with Bob, so to cover his embarrassment he pretends to be in love with an unnamed actress at the Budmouth theatre. Pressed to show Anne and Bob his sweetheart, John buys them tickets for the play, which is also attended by the King and Queen, who are staying in Budmouth. Matilda appears on stage, and John's shocked expression is mistaken for passion. Festus, lurking as always, encounters Matilda (who is also the mysterious woman from earlier) out for a late-night walk. The press gang (naval recruiters who force men into service) are in town, and Festus and Matilda tip them off that Bob is an experienced sailor. The press gang come to the mill, but Bob escapes, with help from Matilda, who regrets her earlier action.

Bob, however, feels increasing guilty about not serving his country. Discovering that John still loves Anne tips the balance, and Bob persuades local man Captain Hardy (real-life captain of Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory) to take him on board, thus doing his duty and leaving the way clear for John. Anne goes to Portland Head to watch the Victory sail past. In Budmouth she sits crying, and is comforted by the King, who is passing by. The Loveday family endure a long wait for news of the Victory, eventually hearing of the Battle of Trafalgar, but not whether Bob has survived. Finally a sailor comes to tell them that Bob is unharmed – but also that he's engaged to a baker's daughter in Portsmouth.

A Delicate Situation
John sees his chance, but Anne rejects him. Meanwhile, Festus discovers that John, not Bob, beat him up, and courts Matilda in the mistaken belief that this will upset John. Over a year or more, Anne begins to warm to John, and he is ecstatic – until a letter comes from Bob, saying he still wants Anne. John tries to be cold towards Anne, but this only makes her warmer towards him, until she virtually proposes to him, just as Bob, newly promoted to Naval Lieutenant, writes to say he's coming home for her. Bob arrives and John withdraws. Anne rejects Bob, but he wears her down with his naval tales and fine uniform. However, when he makes his big move, she rejects him again, and he storms out. Anne is worried that he'll do something stupid, but is distracted by Squire Derriman, who arrives asking her to hide his deeds box, as Festus and his new fiancée Matilda are searching the house for it. She hides it in a window seat.

A Call on Business
Bob returns in good temper; he's been drinking with his new best friend, Festus. Anne yields to Bob, saying that if he can behave himself with the ladies for six months she'll be his. Then it turns out that Festus is waiting outside; he comes in, Anne flees, and watching from a hole in the floor of the room above, sees Squire Derriman sneak in and try to retrieve the box. Festus catches him, but Bob intervenes. Derriman snatches the box and disappears, with Festus and Matilda in pursuit. The next morning Squire Derriman is found dead from exhaustion, but the box has disappeared. It's eventually found hidden in Anne's room. Derriman has left all his property to Anne, except for a few small houses which will provide Festus with a living, but not luxury.

Festus and Matilda are married, Anne and Bob are to be engaged, and John's regiment is posted away to battle in Spain, where, we are told, he will die.

Themes
Hardy, who distrusted empiricism when it come to novels and history, as he felt it marginalized many important aspects of human elements. The Trumpet-Major tells the tale of a woman, who is courted by three men during the early 19th Century in the midst of the Napoleonic Wars, during the backdrop of an much anticipated and amphibious landing of Napoleon's army on the British isles. In this setting, in which he explores the subversive effects and nature of ordinary human beings such when desire and conflicting loyalties on the systemized versions of history. As Hardy's only novel of historical fiction, it makes stand out among some of Hardy's more moral works.

Like some of Hardy's other famous and popular novels such as Tess of the d'Urbervilles and The Mayor of Casterbridge such often implore and deal with deep concepts such as disappointment in love and the "perversity of life", but The Trumpet-Major also deal with these very themes present in many novels and poems which are often laid with a carefully controlled elegiac feeling and much irony in them that make them stand out among the Victorian classical works of literature.

Operatic version
Thomas Hardy's novel provided the source of Alun Hoddinott's opera The Trumpet Major, with libretto by Myfanwy Piper, first performed in Manchester on 1 April 1981.

Stage and Theatre
In 1908, the original Hardy Players put on a dramatised version of The Trumpet-Major at the Corn Exchange in Dorchester. Hardy was very involved with the play, working closely with its producer, Alfred Evans, whose daughter Evelyn later recounted that the two had many discussions in the study at Max Gate ‘deciding on the outline of the play, writing additional dialogue’ and discussing whether particular scenes should be retained or left out. There were departures from the novel: while the novel ends of a tragic note, with John Loveday going off to his death on the battlefields of Spain, as Evelyn Evans writes: ‘the curtain of the re-written play fell on laughter, song and dancing.’ Hardy attended some rehearsals at the Corn Exchange, remarking on the fact that many of the performers were direct descendants of Dorset inhabitants who had lived through those turbulent times. Indeed, the production was thoroughly Dorchester-based: ‘the scenery painted from designs by local artists; the uniforms made by a local tailor after originals that had been worn by the Dorset Rangers’ and other local militia groups (the originals ‘still preserved in the attics of local folk’). Music was composed by a local musician, Frederick Boynton Smith. Unfortunately, Hardy, who was now 68 years old, couldn't attend the play as he was suffering from a chill, but Emma Hardy was there. He was, however, delighted by its reception. The production caused quite a stir. As the Dorset County Chronicle reported: ‘there were to be observed in the front seats a posse of leading dramatic critics who had come down from London especially’, writing ‘critiques, to be wired to Town piping hot from their busily plying pencils.’ The Times devoted nearly a column to its review of the play and a leading article two days later: extraordinary exposure for an amateur company in a small county town, but clear evidence of Hardy's status as an author of international standing. The reviews were so numerous that the company produced a souvenir programme containing extracts of them all. It runs to thousands of words: ten pages, double-columned and in very small print. As Captain Acland, curator of the Dorset County Museum wrote to Evans after watching the play: ‘thanks, not only for the genuine treat it was to us all, but because you and your talented company have proved afresh to the world what Dorchester folk can do.’ In 1910, the play was revived at the Weymouth Pavilion, and Hardy was able to attend, travelling there by train with Albert Evans and his family. He wrote personal congratulations afterwards to Mr Bawler (Miller Loveday) and Mayor of Dorchester Mr Tilley (Cripplestraw) on playing their roles so realistically. The play was again revived in 1912, for a performance at the Cripplegate Institute in London, which came with a very fine programme, including photos of the principal actors, engravings of Hardy's birthplace and ‘Casterbridge from Ten Hatches’ and the songs from the play, written by Hardy and with music by Harry Pouncy and Boyton Smith.

In music and musicals
In 1958 The Musicmakers presented a "new musical in three acts" titled Farewell my Fancy at the Everyman Theatre in Reading. With book, music and lyrics by Michael Wild, the piece was a musical comedy "suggested" by The Trumpet Major and it featured all the major characters of the book. It was given six performances from 24 to 29 November 1958. A note of apology in the programme suggests that it was not authorised by the Hardy Estate.

Hardy, The Trumpet Major and the Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars, and in particular the fear of invasion that pervaded Dorset at the beginning of the 19th century, were a source of fascination to Hardy from boyhood onwards. Hardy's interest in the Napoleonic Wars continued throughout his life. While writing The Return of the Native, in 1878, Hardy visited the Reading Room of the British Museum and read contemporary accounts of the Napoleonic Wars. He noted his findings in what became known as ‘The Trumpet-Major Notebook’ (now in the Dorset Museum). Hardy also met with Chelsea pensioners who had experienced the war first-hand. The Trumpet-Major, published in 1880 was born of that research. Evelyn Evans, daughter of the man who produced Hardy's plays, mentions that, shortly after the publication of The Dynasts, and while the first theatrical production of The Trumpet-Major was in rehearsal, in 1908, Hardy talked with veterans of Waterloo still alive and living in the neighbourhood. Unlike most Hardy novels, in which the essence of the story is fictional – though often with reference to contemporary matters (such as changes in divorce law playing a part in The Woodlanders) – the real events of 1804-5 when Dorset was preparing for the palpable threat of French invasion near Weymouth (Budmouth) permeate The Trumpet Major, a danger that only receded with victory at Trafalgar. Hardy was born in 1840, some 35 years after this period, and it's not hard to imagine him sitting, as a child, listening to first-hand accounts of life in Dorset during that time and the way in which it dominated local people's lives. The sense of these real recollections is woven into The Trumpet-Major – from Anne Garland and the old sailor watching out for the Victory in the English Channel, to the pervasive fear of press-gangs and imminent invasion, to the news freshly brought of the Battle of Trafalgar and death of Nelson, told with both intimacy and a sense of its historical momentousness. The love story at the centre of the novel plays like a complex dance, with the two brothers, John and Bob Loveday and the villainous Festus Derriman all trying to gain the hand of Anne Garland. The sense of impending peril, with the ultimate fate of the young men unknown, in a time of war, serves to make the lightness and comedy that runs through The Trumpet-Major bittersweet, but the novel is all the deeper and richer for that sense of a tragic epilogue.

The harlequinade tradition
The feeling that the characters are playing out a complex dance is not a coincidence. The story can be read as a variation on the traditional harlequinade, which in turn came from the old Italian Commedia dell'arte. In Victorian times, the harlequinade had become a popular form of theatre, burlesque and ballet. The characters and action in The Trumpet-Major mirror closely the characters and themes of this traditional form, as shown below.

The Characters

 * Bob Loveday – Harlequin: Harlequin is the romantic male lead in the harlequinade. A servant, and in love with Columbine, in Commedia dell'arte, Harlequin was often mischievous. In English harlequinade, his character was more romantic (but fickle). He dresses in elaborate, colourful costume, and is portrayed as acrobatic. His high spirits and wit work to save him from the scrapes he gets himself into. It is easy to see Bob as Harlequin. He dresses in eye-catching finery ‘pantaloons and boots of the newest make; yards and yards of muslin wound round his neck, … two fancy waistcoats, … and coat-buttons like circular shaving glasses.’ He struts around in his new uniform to impress Anne; and, just like Harlequin, he is susceptible to falling in love with any available young woman when he's away from Anne. A strong tradition of the harlequinade was Harlequin's great ‘Leap’. Bob's huge leap into an apple tree to escape the press-gang, ‘his figure flying like a raven’s across the sky’, is typical of this. His subsequent escape through a trap-door in the mill is as theatrical a piece of acrobatics as any found in Commedia dell'arte. That pursuit of Anne and Bob by the press-gang, incidentally, is closely based on one of the theatrical rituals of the Italian comedy: ‘The Chase’. In this, Columbine and her lover were typically hotly pursued by authority.
 * Anne Garland – Columbine: Columbine is a pretty young woman who has caught the eye of Harlequin. Sometimes she is the female equivalent of Harlequin, dressed in similar costume. In the original Commedia dell'arte, she was either Pantaloon's daughter or servant. In the English harlequinade, she is always Pantaloon's daughter or ward. Her role usually centres on her romantic relationship with Harlequin. Anne Garland is a typical Columbine, demure but playful, vascillating between the brothers John and Bob Loveday. Her prettiness is counterpointed with her strength of character: ‘beneath all that was charming and simple… there lurked a real firmness, unperceived at first, as the speck of colour lurks unperceived in the heart of the palest parsley flower’; and her playfulness is evident throughout the text.
 * Squire Derriman – Pantaloon: In Commedia dell'arte, Pantaloon was a greedy merchant obsessed with money and master of Columbine. Despite his cunning, he is often duped by Harlequin. In the English harlequinade, Pantaloon became the elderly father of Columbine, jealously guarding his daughter from suitors. He tries to keep the lovers apart, but is always outwitted by the young hero. Squire Derriman, likewise, is guileful, neurotic, old and wizened. Although he is not Anne's father or guardian, Anne is his heiress. His fondness for Anne mirrors Pantaloon's feeling for Columbine.
 * Festus Derriman – Captain: The Captain exaggerated his past exploits, was courageous about the idea of fighting, and cowardly when faced with actual danger. He was usually drunken and incompetent. Festus has all of these characteristics, boasting to Anne, for instance, about his fighting prowess (while demonstrating his incompetence), hiding with the women when there's a rumour of invasion, and partial to drink.
 * Matilda Johnson – Soubrette: Soubrette was a minor character in Commedia dell'arte, who sometimes married Harlequin, sometimes Pantaloon. Like Matilda, she is characterised by her loose morals, love of life and enjoyment of intrigue.
 * And finally, John Loveday, the Trumpet-Major himself – Pierrot: In Commedia dell'arte, Pierrot was a comic servant character, often naïve, and always heart-broken by his unrequited love for Columbine. The French version of Pierrot became something of a 19th-century ‘meme’: a melancholy, white-faced figure, pensive and silent. John Loveday is a thoughtful, simple-hearted man. His pallor is often remarked on, too – a nod at Pierrot's painted white face.

title: The Trumpet-Major


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A Laodicean

'A Laodicean; or, The Castle of the De Stancys. A Story of To-Day' is a novel by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1880–81 in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. The plot exhibits devices uncommon in Hardy's other fiction, such as falsified telegrams and faked photographs.

Synopsis
Paula Power inherits a medieval castle from her industrialist father who had purchased it from the aristocratic De Stancy family.

She employs two architects, one local and one, George Somerset, newly qualified from London. Somerset represents modernity in the novel. In the village there is an amateur photographer, William Dare, the illegitimate son of Captain De Stancy, an impoverished scion of that family. Captain De Stancy represents to Paula the notion of medieval nobility.

She is attracted to each man for his respectively different virtues.

William Dare, bastard and unrecognised son of Captain de Stancy, and a thorough wastrel, decides to intervene to promote his father in her affections (solely so that he, Dare, can continue to gamble and live off Paula's income). He fakes a telegram and a photograph to make it appear that Somerset is leading a dissolute lifestyle as a drunken gambler. His subterfuge is discovered by Captain De Stancy's sister Charlotte who has befriended Paula.

She decides to tell Paula the truth and Paula pursues Somerset to the continent where he has gone mistakenly believing Paula and the Captain to have been married. She finds him and they are reunited and marry. In revenge, Dare burns down the castle using his family's portraits and furniture as kindling; Somerset proposes to build a modern house in its place.

The last line has Paula summing up her dichotomy of mind between modernity and romantic medievalism, and thus the two men, also emphasising the title "a Laodicean" (someone indifferent or half-hearted) — "I wish my castle wasn't burnt; and I wish you were a De Stancy!" The usage of "Laodicean" to mean someone lacking commitment comes from a reference in the New Testament:

"To the angel of the church in Laodicaea write: — "These are the words of the Unchanging One, 'the witness faithful and true, the beginning of the Creation of God': —I know your life; I know that you are neither cold nor hot. If only you were either cold or hot! But now, because you are lukewarm, neither hot nor cold, I am about to spit you out of my mouth.""

- Revelation 3:14–16 OEB

Reception and criticism
In his 1910 Essays on Modern Novelists, American critic and scholar William Lyon Phelps, wrote: No one of Mr Hardy's novels contain more of the facts of his own life than A Laodicean, which was composed on what the author then believed to be his death bed; it was mainly dictated, which I think partly accounts for its difference in style from the other tales... Not only does Mr Hardy's scientific profession speak through the mouths of his characters, but old and beautiful buildings adorn his pages as they do the landscape he loves.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: A Laodicean


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Two on a Tower

Two on a Tower: A Romance (1882) is a novel by English author Thomas Hardy, classified by him as a romance and fantasy. It is regarded as one of his minor works. It is one of Hardy's Wessex novels, set in late Victorian Dorset.

Epigraph
Hardy placed an epigraph at the beginning of this book. The epigraph is from a Richard Crashaw poem, Love's Horoscope. It reads: "Ah, my heart her eyes and she Have taught thee new astrology. Howe'er Love's native hours were set, Whatever starry synod met, 'Tis in the mercy of her eye, If poor Love shall live or die."

Plot
Two on a Tower is a tale of star-crossed love in which Hardy sets the emotional lives of his two lovers against the background of the stellar universe. The unhappily married Lady Constantine breaks all the rules of social decorum when she falls in love with Swithin St. Cleeve, an astronomer who is ten years her junior. Her husband's death leaves the lovers free to marry, but the discovery of a legacy forces them apart. This is Hardy's most complete treatment of the theme of love across the class and age divide and the fullest expression of his fascination with science and astronomy.

Background
In the 1895 preface Hardy wrote, "The scene of the action was suggested by two real spots in the part of the country specified, each of which has a column standing upon it. Certain surrounding peculiarities have been imported into the narrative from both sites." Wimborne was the location of the "little town" of "Warborne", and Charborough House was the location of the "Welland House" in Two on a Tower.

Hardy's intention, in his own words, was to "set the emotional history of two infinitesimal lives against the stupendous background of the stellar universe".

Criticism
Because the book defied the social norms of the day, upon release the book was called shocking, repulsive, and one critic called it Hardy's "worst yet." Hardy's biographer, Claire Tomalin, says Hardy was "writing for serialization, which drove him to pack in far too much plot," and he wrote too fast "without time to think or reconsider."

Hardy wrote in a letter to Edmund Gosse on 10 Dec 1882, "I get most extraordinary criticisms of T. on a T. Eminent critics write & tell me in private that it is the most original thing I have done...while other eminent critics (I wonder if they are the same) print the most cutting rebukes you can conceive—show me (to my amazement) that I am quite an immoral person...”

title: Two on a Tower


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The Woodlanders

The Woodlanders is a novel by Thomas Hardy. The novel is set between 1856 and 1858. It was serialised from 15 May 1886 to 9 April 1887 in Macmillan's Magazine and published in three volumes in 1887. It is one of his series of Wessex novels.

Plot summary
The story takes place in a small woodland village called Little Hintock, and concerns the efforts of an honest woodsman, Giles Winterborne, to marry his childhood sweetheart, Grace Melbury. Although they have been informally betrothed for some time, her father has made financial sacrifices to give his adored only child a superior education and no longer considers Giles good enough for her. When the new doctor – a well-born and handsome young man named Edred Fitzpiers – takes an interest in Grace, her father does all he can to make Grace forget Giles, and to encourage what he sees as a brilliant match. Grace has misgivings prior to the marriage as she sees a village woman (Suke Damson) coming out of his cottage very early in the morning and suspects he has been sleeping with her. She tells her father that she does not want to go on with the marriage and he becomes very angry. Later Fitzpiers tells her Suke has been to visit him because she was in agony from toothache and he extracted a molar. Grace clutches at this explanation – in fact Fitzpiers has started an affair with Suke some weeks previously. After the honeymoon, the couple take up residence in an unused wing of Melbury's house. Soon, however, Fitzpiers begins an affair with a rich widow named Mrs. Charmond, which Grace and her father discover. Grace finds out by chance that Suke Damson has a full set of teeth and realises that Fitzpiers lied to her. The couple become progressively more estranged and Fitzpiers is assaulted by his father-in-law after he accidentally reveals his true character to him. Both Suke Damson and Mrs Charmond turn up at Grace's house demanding to know whether Fitzpiers is all right - Grace addresses them both sarcastically as "Wives -all". Fitzpiers later deserts Grace and goes to the Continent with Mrs Charmond. Grace realises that she has only ever really loved Giles but as there is no possibility of divorce feels that her love seems hopeless.

Melbury is told by a former legal clerk down on his luck that the law was changed in the previous year (making the setting of the action 1858) and divorce is now possible. He encourages Giles to resume his courtship of Grace. It later becomes apparent, however, that Fitzpiers' adultery is not sufficient for Grace to be entitled to a divorce. When Fitzpiers quarrels with Mrs. Charmond and returns to Little Hintock to try to reconcile with his wife, she flees the house and turns to Giles for help. He is still convalescing from a dangerous illness, but nobly allows her to sleep in his hut during stormy weather, whilst he insists on sleeping outside. As a result, he dies. After it is learned that Mrs Charmond has died, murdered by a jealous former lover, Grace allows herself to be won back to the (at least temporarily) repentant Fitzpiers, thus sealing her fate as the wife of an unworthy man. This is after Suke's husband Timothy Tangs has set a man trap to try to crush Fitzpiers' leg but it only tears Grace's skirt.

No one is left to mourn Giles except a courageous peasant girl named Marty South, who has always loved him. Marty is described as a plain girl but one with beautiful hair. She is persuaded to sell this at the start of the story to a barber who is procuring it for Mrs Charmond, after Marty realises that Giles loves Grace and not her. She precipitates the final quarrel between Fitzpiers and Mrs Charmond by writing to Fitzpiers and telling him of the origin of most of Mrs Charmond's hair.

Literary analysis
The novel was later classified by Hardy for the Wessex Edition of his works in the primary group of "Novels of Character and Environment". Yet despite it being regarded as one of Hardy's major novels, the novel is 'something of an anomaly', in comparison with the tragic depth of both its predecessor The Mayor of Casterbridge and its successor Tess of the D'Urbervilles.

Themes
The novel reflects common Hardy themes: a rustic, evocative setting, poorly chosen marriage partners, unrequited love, social class mobility, and an unhappy, or at best equivocal, ending. As with most his other works, opportunities for fulfilment and happiness are forsaken or delayed.

Marriage and sexuality
The Woodlanders marks the beginnings of controversy for Hardy's novels. At this point in his career he was established enough as a writer to take risks, especially in the areas of sexuality, such as marriage, divorce, marital fidelity, and the use of unconventional plots and tones, and seemingly immoral conclusions. Hardy's portrayal of sexual morality led to him being identified with the 'Anti-marriage league'.

That marriage is less-than-exclusive in the novel is highlighted most clearly through the words and thoughts of Grace Melbury; as heroine and betrayed wife of an unfaithful husband, she ought to represent the moral centre, but she openly acknowledges sexual and marital infidelity. On Fitzpiers' illness, she welcomes Mrs Charmond and Suke Damson into the bedroom with the unsubtle, "Indeed, you have a perfect right to go into his bedroom [...] Wives all, let's enter together!" When abandoned by him, she calls nature "bountiful" in so soon replacing him with another, tender form of "undiluted manliness" - Giles.

Background
Florence Emily Hardy, his second wife, recorded that in 1874 Hardy "put aside a woodland story", which ten years later evolved into The Woodlanders. It was intended to be the successor to his 1874 Far from the Madding Crowd, but he laid the novel aside to work on other things.

Hardy eventually decided to return to his "woodland story" after the editor of Macmillan's Magazine asked for a new serial in October 1884. It was published as a serial in this magazine and in the American Harper's Bazaar in 1887, followed by a three-volume first edition in March of the same year.

Reception
The Woodlanders was widely praised. It was declared by the Saturday Review in April 1887 to be, "the best [novel] that Hardy has written", by Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, "his loveliest if not his finest book", by William Lyon Phelps, "the most beautiful and most noble of Hardy's novels", and by A. Edward Newton, "one of the best novels of the last half century". The late nineteenth century English author George Gissing read the novel in March 1888 "with much delight" but felt that the "human part is...painfully unsatisfactory".

The novel remained a personal favourite of Hardy. Newman Flower recounted that Hardy named it to him as his "favourite novel", and 25 years after its publication, Hardy wrote that, "On taking up The Woodlanders and reading it after many years, I like it as a story best of all."

Adaptations
Soon after the novel's publication, Hardy was approached by Jack Grein and Charles Jarvis for permission to adapt it for performance in 1889. But although various drafts were written, the project came to nothing. It was not until 1913 that A.H. Evans' play in 3 acts was produced by the Dorchester Debating and Dramatic Society; the performance was also taken to London that year and to Weymouth in 1914. Years after Hardy's death, David Horlock's adaptation was staged at Salisbury Playhouse in 1983 and in the following century two dramatic adaptations of the novel went on tour in the West Country. In 2013 the New Hardy Players put on Emily Fearn's version, and in 2016 the Hammerpuzzle Theatre Company put on Tamsin Kennard's version.

The BBC made the novel into a film in 1970, starring Felicity Kendal and Ralph Bates. This was followed by Phil Agland's The Woodlanders of 1997.

There have also been musical settings of various kinds of passages from the novel. Patrick Hadley's Scene from The Woodlanders (1925) sets the final words for voice and chamber ensemble and was published by Oxford University Press in 1926. The novel was next adapted as an opera by Stephen Paulus and premiered by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis in 1985. A decade later it was performed at Oxford Playhouse in February 1995. A 15-minute Suite from the Woodlanders was also drawn from this by Paulus and in 1999 four descriptive passages were set by Anthony Payne as Scenes from “The Woodlanders (1999) for soprano, two clarinets, violin and cello. This was described by Payne himself as "a strange hybrid, midway between song cycle and tone poem".

title: The Woodlanders


text:
Talk:Reed Smoot (U.S. Senator)

'You folks are biased, factually incorrect, and dishonest via omission of key facts in you're mirmydonic summeries of the Democratic and Republican party platforms. Academia strikes again!'''

I think it's durned funny how the moron above tries to use a 10-dollar word like "mirmydonic" (which is barely even a word) and follows it up by misspelling "summaries". Tee Hee! Academia Nuts are Delicious!

More accuracy, better sensitivity
"Treasonous faith?" The oath suggests treason, perhaps, but especially in this era, when Mormonism is so radically pro-American, to the extent that Mormons argue the Constitution to be divinely inspired, isn't that a little bit purple, if not wholly inaccurate?

I had been under the impression that Smoot was the first to hold that Senate seat -- but Utah came into the union in 1896. Who preceded him in that seat? Edarrell 20:32, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

This article states that Smoot was orginally elected to the US Senate. Is this accurate. The 17th amendment didn't come into effect for another decade. I supposed Utah could have had direct elections but since Utah was the only state to reject the amendment this seems extremely unlikely.

 * Elected by vote of the legislature, presumably... AnonMoos (talk) 20:43, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reed Smoot (U.S. Senator)


text:
Talk:Bajrang Dal

Distorted false facts-
" militant" is a wrong statement. It is purposely used to spread hatered against a Hindu organization. Shame on you people. Prosenjitroy24 (talk) 19:37, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Please see the FAQ. Since you are using a mobile device, you can access the FAQ by tapping "Learn more about this page" at the top of this talk page. For your convenience, I've reproduced the contents below:
 * Q: Why does this article describe the Bajrang Dal as a militant organisation?
 * A: The consensus of high-quality academic sources is that the Bajrang Dal is a militant organisation. Please see for the list. Neutrality on Wikipedia entails representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic, and the cited academic sources overwhelmingly agree that militant is an accurate descriptor for the Bajrang Dal.
 * —  Newslinger  talk   08:47, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bajrang Dal


text:
Talk:Western betrayal

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 2 March 2022
Section 'Beginning of World War II, 1939' Change: The Polish military envoy to France, general Stanisław Burhardt-Bukacki, upon receiving the text of the message sent by Gamelin, alerted marshal Śmigły: "I received the message by general Gamelin. Please don't believe a single word in the dispatch".[24] The following day, the commander of the French Military Mission to Poland, General Louis Faury, informed the Polish Chief of Staff, General Wacław Stachiewicz, that the planned major offensive on the western front had to be postponed from 17 September to 20 September. On September 17, French divisions were ordered to retreat to their barracks along the Maginot Line, a withdrawal that was completed on October 17.

to

Gamelin made it clear to the Supreme Allied War Council that he would not commit to an offensive, even if the Poles held out for two to three months, suggesting that previous guarantees given may have been deliberately misleading to buy the French time for a war on their own terms.

justification: The section currently is partly unsourced (the section on the withdrawal to the Maginot Line) and the quote from Bukacki is more relevant to the Polish response to the perceived betrayal, than evidence of it. Also, the given quote only seems to appear in the Polityka magazine, which itself has no citations, and all other references I could find to this either cite the same Polityka article, or this Wikipedia article. 80.238.115.65 (talk) 22:21, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: Your suggested edit doesn't contain all of the (sourced and valid) information present in the prior version. I'll include a citation needed tag for the unsourced parts if it's not there yet, though. If you wish to write a better version that includes all of the information, feel free to include in a comment and tag me, or include in a comment and set the edit request to non-answered again. Thanks for your suggestion. Amadeus22  🙋 🔔 18:39, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 13 June 2022
Change "...including the rise and empowerment of the Third Reich (Nazi Germany), the rise of the Soviet Union (USSR) as a dominant superpower with control of large parts of Europe..." in the lead to

"...including the rise and empowerment of Nazi Germany, the rise of the Soviet Union as a dominant superpower with control of large parts of Europe...".

There's no need to use two names for the same thing when only one would suffice. Rousillon (talk) 18:45, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Nythar (talk) 04:53, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Western betrayal


text:
List of DIN standards

This is an incomplete list of DIN standards.
 * The "STATUS" column gives the latest known status of the standard.
 * If a standard has been withdrawn and no replacement specification is listed, either the specification was withdrawn without replacement or a replacement specification could not be identified.
 * DIN stands for "Deutsches Institut für Normung", meaning "German institute for standardization". DIN standards that begin with "DIN V" ("Vornorm", meaning "pre-standard") are the result of standardization work, but because of certain reservations on the content or because of the divergent compared to a standard installation procedure of DIN, they are not yet published standards.

DIN 51097 to DIN 59999
DIN ISO 53438

title: List of DIN standards


text:
Talk:Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)

Question
Pike, in the movie, kind of fulfills a similar role to Xander, in the series. A zander (note spelling) is a fish, also knows as a pike-perch, due to its similarity to a pike. Is this coincidance, or intentional on Joss Whedon's part? Does he fish?

 * I'd guess that it's almost certain that this is a coicidence. I have never heard Whedon say a word about fishing. -- Paxomen 13:14, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Reposted from Article

 * No one knows the name of the song that Lothos played on the violin, if anyone does would they let post it here? –

Budget
7 million:

Trivia: Merrick
In the trivia section, it's said that the characters of Pike and Merrick never appear in the TV show. This is untrue in the case of Merrick. He appears in "Becoming, Pt. 1", as the scene where Merrick first informs Buffy that she's the slayer is re-played (though on the Hemery High front steps, not in the gym) while Angel watches. Richard Riehle played him in the show. The more interesting trivia is that outside of Buffy herself, Merrick is the only movie character that appears in the show. An old friend of Buffy's from Hemery High, Billy "Ford" Fordham (played by Jason Behr), does appear in the episode "Lie to Me," but there is no character referenced by that name in the movie.
 * Buffy's parents also appeared in both the film and the television show.--FreeKresge 03:40, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Does not follow
How can this not be canon, but the later series is? That sort of, you know, makes no sense. 72.144.103.202 04:00, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * No. The generally accepted canon is based on Joss' ideas, which were butchered in the film. The TV show and comics were more under his control, and thus constitute the basis of canon. -- Orange Mike 19:13, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree with you, Orange Mike. There's no citation to show that the movie isn't considered "canonical". If you don't like it, that's your personal opinion, but that's not an excuse to posit some nerdy justification for why it's not "really" part of the Buffy franchise. Ah3133 15:55, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's not my personal opinion, that's what Joss has said in articles, interviews, Usenet newsgroup postings, editorials, etc., for as long as the series has existed. No Original Research is involved. -- Orange Mike 17:57, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The section still needs to be sourced properly, and hopefully rewritten in a less fan-oriented tone. For example:

 * Many of the details given in the film differ from the later television programs, and Whedon has expressed disapproval with the interpretation of the script. See Buffyverse canon 64.171.162.74 (talk) 06:42, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I fixed the section to be more 'neutral' in tone. Figure any discussions of "buffyverse canon" or whatever belongs on that page. Link to "The Origin" moved to See Also. 71.134.252.36 (talk) 05:32, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Movie or tv show?
It seems that this article talks more about the tv show than the movie! For instance, the timing part has nothing about the movie but more about the tv show and 'comics.' Besides the fact that at the you have all the people from the series, not the movie. Am I the only one who thinks that? DeztinyJ 05:20, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I've removed the "Timing" section, as totally irrelevant to the film. The cast list in the article is that of the film, not the series. Naturally, in this context, there will be a certain inevitable level of fanwank in the article referring to the broader "Buffyverse"; but the inclusion of the entire "Timing" table was a bit much. -- Orange Mike 19:18, 18 July 2007 (UTC) (prefers the show, of course; trying to be objective here)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy The Vampire Slayer Movie.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 19:06, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film soundtrack).jpg
Image:Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film soundtrack).jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:14, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)


text:
User talk:Azmol

Hi, My name is Azmol Hussain. I am currently studying Political Science at Queen Mary, University of London.

title: User talk:Azmol


text:
Ricky Tomlinson

 Eric "Ricky" Tomlinson (born 26 September 1939) is an English actor. He is best known for his television roles as Bobby Grant in the soap opera Brookside (1982–1988), DCI Charlie Wise in Cracker (1993–2006) and Jim Royle in The Royle Family (1998–2012). He also played the titular character in the 2001 football mockumentary Mike Bassett: England Manager.

Early life
Eric Tomlinson was born on 26 September 1939 at Burleigh House in Bispham, Blackpool, Lancashire, and has lived in Liverpool nearly all his life. His father was a baker and he was born in Bispham because, just after the outbreak of World War II, his mother Peggy was evacuated there over concerns that Liverpool would be bombed. He attended Walton Technical College in Walton, after passing an exam when he was just 13. His favourite subject was English.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Tomlinson played banjo in bands known as the Guitanjos, Hobo Rick & The City Slickers, and Hobo Rick and the Hi-Free Three. For a time, the band's pianist was John "Duff" Lowe, a former member of Beatles forerunner the Quarrymen.

Plasterer
A plasterer by trade, he worked on various building sites for many years.

Television
As an actor he appeared as Bobby Grant in the soap opera Brookside from the show's inception in 1982 until being written out in 1988, followed by DCI Charlie Wise in Cracker and as Jim Royle in the sitcom The Royle Family.

In 2002 Tomlinson starred in the BBC Series Nice Guy Eddie playing a Liverpool private investigator. Using down-to-earth cases — actually based upon real-life ones from Liverpool private investigator Tony Smith — the show also starred Tom Ellis and John Henshaw.

Tomlinson featured heavily in series two of Paul Abbott's series Clocking Off, in a BAFTA-nominated episode written by Danny Brocklehurst.

Tomlinson has fronted a series of television adverts for the utility company British Gas. In January 2010, he began to appear in a series of advertisements for the frozen food chain Farmfoods. In 2017, he provided a voiceover for an advert for McCain Foods.

On 19 June 2006, Tomlinson made his début as the guest celebrity in Dictionary Corner on the long-running UK Channel 4 game show Countdown.

In December 2006, he presented a programme in Channel Five's Disappearing Britain series entitled "When Coal Was King".

In March 2007, Tomlinson presented BBC's One Life: Guilty My Arse, detailing his version of the "Shrewsbury Two" case, in which he compared his political activism as a trade unionist to the work of the suffragettes.

The BBC broadcast a programme in its Who Do You Think You Are? series 13 on Tomlinson's ancestors, which traced his family back through a number of carters working around Liverpool at a time when the city was a bustling port.

In 2020, Tomlinson, alongside his Royle Family co-star Ralf Little, presented a travel series called Ricky & Ralf's Very Northern Road Trip for Gold.

In 2023, Tomlinson appeared at Eurovision 2023 reciting a poem dedicated to the Beatles. He also reprised his role as the character Bobby Grant, and was seen putting up Ukrainian-themed bunting outside the Grant home on Brookside Close.

Film
Tomlinson has also starred in several films, notably Mike Bassett: England Manager, Raining Stones and Hillsborough, a made-for-TV film about the families of the victims of the Hillsborough disaster, in which he portrayed John Glover – the father of victim Ian Glover.

In 2017, Tomlinson starred in the LGBT short film Tellin' Dad (2017) (co-starring actor Carl Loughlin as his son) which was the first LGBT project he has been involved in and followed the journey of his son building up courage to come out to him. The film was released on DVD, Amazonplay and distributed by Peccadillo Pictures worldwide on several platforms and on their Boys on Film DVD collection.

Music
Tomlinson is also a keen banjo and harmonica player, and has played the instruments in many episodes of The Royle Family. In 2001 he teamed up with fellow Brookside actor Michael Starke and other friends for his own rendition of well-known folk songs including "It's a Long Way To Tipperary" and a cover of Shane MacGowan and The Popes' "Are You Lookin' at Me?" that reached No. 28 in the UK Singles Chart in 2001. A CD album entitled Music My Arse was released the same year, peaking at No. 127 in the UK Albums Chart. He released a single at Christmas 2006 entitled "Christmas My A*se" which reached No. 25.

Theatre
In 2006, Tomlinson toured to theatres across the UK with his show An Evening with Ricky Tomlinson where he was interviewed about his life by Elton Welsby.

During 2008 and 2009, Tomlinson took his Laughter Show theatrical revue on a UK tour with fellow comedians Tony Barton, Duncan Norvelle and Pauline Daniels.

In 2009, he took a lead role as the Head Judge in the "VMH Club Star Talent Trail", a local talent-based competition held at the VMH Club in Garston. A large number of North West-based performers entered the competition, which was ultimately won by 14-year-old Shaun Walsh from Liverpool.

In May 2010, Tomlinson opened his own cabaret club the Green Room, in Liverpool, teaming up with brothers Richard and Simon Wallace, from Liverpool production company Red Hot Media, to open the 250-seater cabaret lounge on Duke Street. In March 2011 Tomlinson appeared in an advertising campaign for UK retail chain The Range.

Personal life
He had three children with his first wife.

In 2003, he published an autobiography, entitled Ricky, which spent five weeks at the top of the UK best-selling new books chart. In the book, Tomlinson admitted to having affairs as well as describing in detail his time in prison.

On 19 October 2007, Tomlinson had quadruple heart bypass surgery at Liverpool's Cardiothoracic Centre. Consultant cardiac surgeon Aung Oo said: "The operation went according to plan and he is now recovering within the hospital's critical care unit."

Tomlinson suffers from nodular prurigo, which was the subject of an interview in the Daily Mirror in October 2013.

Tomlinson still resides in Liverpool, stating "I will never, ever move away from Liverpool, I love it here."

Politics
In his late 20s, Tomlinson was attracted to right-wing politics and, by his own account, was a member of the National Front for a period after Enoch Powell's April 1968 "Rivers of Blood" speech. In the early 1970s, Tomlinson's political views shifted to the left. He was affected by the book The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists, which was given to him by the governor of the prison in which he was being held.

In 1972, he joined the flying pickets in a building workers' dispute in Shrewsbury. Following allegations of violence during this protest, in 1973 Tomlinson was charged with "conspiracy to intimidate" as one of the Shrewsbury Two. Despite pleading his innocence at Shrewsbury Crown Court, he was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison, alongside fellow picket Des Warren. After his release in 1975, he disrupted the TUC conference by shouting from the wings after he had been prevented from speaking on the stage. In 2012, Tomlinson and others sought to have the convictions overturned by the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC). In 2013 a paper petition was launched, alongside the existing e-petition, for an Early Day Motion by MP John McDonnell to be brought. In July 2013, at the Durham Miners' Gala, he again campaigned against the convictions. In May 2020 it was announced that the CCRC had referred a number of convictions relating to the Shrewsbury dispute, including Tomlinson's, to the Court of Appeal which subsequently overturned the convictions in March 2021.

Tomlinson is a close friend of Arthur Scargill and often appears on party political broadcasts for Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, most recently for the 2009 European Parliament elections. He is a long-time member of the Socialist Labour Party, and is the party's most prominent celebrity supporter since its formation in 1996.

He has also expressed support for the Campaign for a New Workers' Party. A public meeting was hosted by the CNWP in Liverpool on Monday 12 February 2007, which Tomlinson addressed alongside Tommy Sheridan and Tony Mulhearn in which he used the slogan: "New Labour My Arse".

On 5 February 2010, Tomlinson revealed his plan to stand as the Socialist Labour Party candidate for the Liverpool Wavertree constituency at the 2010 general election in protest at the selection of Luciana Berger, a 28-year-old Londoner as the Labour Party candidate. Kim Singleton was ultimately selected for the seat; in a statement, the SLP said that he could not contest the election due to "personal and contractual commitments". Tomlinson added: "I am disappointed not to be able to stand. But I am pleased to give the chosen candidate my wholehearted support." He also commented, "People say you could be letting the Tories in. But there is no difference between the Conservatives and New Labour". Singleton ultimately finished sixth out of seven candidates, with Berger winning the seat.

In a guest appearance on an episode of the ITV lunchtime chat show, Loose Women, broadcast on 17 August 2015, while discussing the forthcoming Labour Party leadership election, Tomlinson said: I know both of them and I know Andy quite well, and he was my choice right up until I went to listen to Jeremy Corbyn and I went to the Adelphi Hotel where there was 3,000 people there, the room holds 800 and were out into the streets, they couldn't get in. And everything he said with I agreed with you know, leave the National Health Service alone, get rid of Trident, stuff like that, so it doesn't matter to me who gets the Labour leadership, it really doesn't matter. But whatever happens both of them will be in the Shadow Cabinet.

In the 2020 Labour Party leadership election, Tomlinson endorsed Sir Keir Starmer, who he said he had worked with during the Shrewsbury 24 justice campaign.

Richard Whiteley claims
In March 2017, Tomlinson claimed during an interview that the late journalist, broadcaster and game show host Richard Whiteley had been an undercover agent for the British security services and had assisted them in securing his 1973 imprisonment by co-presenting a television documentary called Red Under the Bed, which was critical of his political and trade union activities and had swayed the jury. The CCRC cited the documentary and its possible influence on the jury when announcing its decision to refer the cases of Tomlinson and others to the Court of Appeal.

Charity work
In 2008, Tomlinson donated £200,000 as patron of the Human Milk Bank of Cheshire and North Wales. The charity provides babies on Special Care Baby Units with milk from donor mothers, significantly improving their chances of survival and long-term development. He said: "Due to my own recent experiences with my health, I know how much hospitals and appeals appreciate help and assistance. This is such an important service which can help so many families and I'm very honoured to be the patron."

In November 2010, it was reported that Tomlinson had donated £1 million to the Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool two years previously.

Honours
In October 2014, Tomlinson was awarded the Freedom of Liverpool.

title: Ricky Tomlinson


text:
Maximilian Harden

Maximilian Harden (born Felix Ernst Witkowski, 20 October 1861 – 30 October 1927) was an influential German journalist and editor.

Biography
Born the son of a Jewish merchant in Berlin, he attended the Französisches Gymnasium until he began to train as an actor and joined a traveling theatre troupe. In 1878 Harden converted to Protestantism and started his journalistic career as a theatre critic in 1884. He also published political essays under the pseudonym Apostata in several liberal newspapers like the Berliner Tageblatt edited by Rudolf Mosse.

From 1892 Harden published the journal Die Zukunft (The Future) in Berlin. His baroque style was mocked by former friend Karl Kraus, who wrote a satire about "translations from Harden".

Initially a monarchist, Harden became a fierce critic of Kaiser Wilhelm II and his entourage including Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg, and General Kuno von Moltke. His public accusations of homosexual behaviour – according to Paragraph 175 a criminal offence at that time – from 1906 on led to numerous trials and did sustained damage to the reputation of the ruling House of Hohenzollern and the German jurisdiction (the Eulenburg affair). In reaction Karl Kraus, disgusted by the public display of intimate details, wrote an obituary: ''Maximilian Harden. Eine Erledigung'' (A Settlement).

By 1914, Harden had again moved sufficiently to the right that he welcomed the German invasion of Belgium. During the war, Harden was an annexationist who wrote numerous articles demanding that Germany win the war to annex most of Europe, Africa and Asia to make the Reich the world's greatest power. However, after the war he became a pacifist and supported the Weimar Republic. In 1921, he devoted two issues of Die Zukunft to covering the assassination of Talat Pasha and subsequent trial of the assassin, harshly criticizing Germany's failure to take action against the Armenian genocide.

In the following years Harden's readership diminished. On 3 July 1922, a few days after the assassination of Walther Rathenau, he was severely injured in an assault conducted by Freikorps members. In the following trial the court ruled that his writings had provoked the two assailants, Bert Weichardt and Albert Wilhelm Grenz. Both were charged and sentenced to two years and five months, and four years, respectively.

Harden abandoned the publishing of Die Zukunft and in 1923 retired to Montana, Switzerland, where he died four years later. His grave is located in Berlin at the Friedhof Heerstraße ''(Feld 8-C-10 (Reg. 335) (Ehrengrab)''). The British historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote: "Harden was certainly the most brilliant political writer during the reign of Wilhelm II. His paper, Die Zukunft, had a unique influence despite its small circulation. But Harden's spirit was essential critical and destructive. He always took up men when they were down-Bismarck after his fall and Holstein after his resignation. Equally he denounced those were up-Wilhelm II when in power, and even Ebert. His outstanding achievement was to hound Eulenburg from public life-not much to be really proud of. In international affairs, he swung from one extreme to another: at one time a Big Navy man, later an advocate of a naval agreement. At the beginning of the First World War he was a violent annexationist, towards its end a Wilsonian democrat and internationalist. He remained constant only in his high opinion of himself and contempt for everybody else."

title: Maximilian Harden


text:
Bowdler

Bowdler, a prominent Shropshire family descended from Baldwin de Boulers.

People with the given name Bowdler

 * George Bowdler Buckton (1818–1905), English entomologist
 * Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847–1909), English zoologist

Writers

 * Elizabeth Stuart Bowdler (? - 1797), English religious writer
 * Henrietta Maria Bowdler (1750–1830), writer and expurgator of Shakespeare, sister of Jane, John and Thomas Bowdler
 * Jane Bowdler (1743–1784), poet and essayist and sister of John, Thomas and Henrietta Bowdler
 * John Bowdler (1746-1823), moral reformer and brother of Henrietta and Thomas Bowdler
 * John Bowdler the Younger (1783-1815), essayist, poet and lawyer, son of John Bowdler
 * Thomas Bowdler (1754–1825), English physician, publisher and editor of the Family Shakespeare (1818), inspiration of the term bowdlerisation
 * Thomas Bowdler the Younger (1782-1856), Church of England priest and nephew and editor of Thomas Bowdler

Sportsmen

 * Cal Bowdler (born 1977), retired American basketball player
 * Charles Bowdler (1785-1879), English cricketer
 * Ernie Bowdler (1872–1921), Shrewsbury Town F.C. and Wales international footballer
 * Jack Bowdler (1870–1927), Shrewsbury Town F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. and Wales international footballer
 * Lonza Bowdler, Welsh international rugby player

Politicians

 * Audley Bowdler (1884-1969), English politician
 * William G. Bowdler (1924-2016), American diplomat

Other

 * Emily Mary Bowdler Sharpe (1868-1920), English entomologist
 * Sandra Bowdler (1946), Australian archaeologist

Places

 * Ashford Bowdler, a village in Shropshire, England
 * Ashford Bowdler railway station, railway station in Ashford Bowdler
 * Hope Bowdler, a village in Shropshire, England

title: Bowdler


text:
Talk:Baron of Hell

Can you give a reference for the "Satyrus rubercolorarea" thing? Thanks. -- Schnee 12:43, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It's fan fiction. Removed. Fredrik | talk 14:01, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, OK. Thanks. -- Schnee 14:56, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

About redirecting Hell Knight
Since Hell Knight was redirected to Baron of Hell, There are some inaccuracies for the Hell Knight in this article. One time, I thought of redirecting Hell Knight to Baron of Hell; then I thought it was inaccurate. Also, add some state about the hell knight to the article along with it's level appearances. --SuperDude 05:30, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ammo count vulnerability
>> They survive about six directly aimed rockets

No they don't. 5 Rockets is enough to finish a BoH. These ammo count vulnerabilties need checking

Stephen Howe

title: Talk:Baron of Hell


text:
Pastra

Pastra (Πάστρα) is a village and a community in the southeastern part of the island of Kefalonia, Greece. It was the seat of the municipality of Eleios-Pronnoi. The community consists of the villages Pastra and Kremmydi. Pastra is 2 km northeast of Markopoulo, 3 km south of Agia Eirini, 5 km northwest of Skala, 6 km southwest of the port town of Poros and 25 km southeast of Argostoli.

History
According to 19th century Greek geographer and historian, Antonios Miliarakis, the village of Pastra and the area of the two villages (Kremmydi and Agios Giorgis) around it, used to be called Balta (later Valtes), and got its name from the many reeds and the streams it has. The name Valtes is said to be of Albanian origin and means exactly that, "mud" or "swamp".

Albanian soldiers, from the Albanian colony of the Republic of Venice, inhabited the area during the 15th century when the Venetians gave them land in the "xomero" to settle with their families. Xomero meaning an outlying place, away from the capital. At the time, Kefalonia was also a colony of the Republic of Venice. The village was later renamed Pastra in 1890 until today. Until 2010 it was the capital of the municipality of Elios - Pronnon.

title: Pastra


text:
User:Iorsh/Haifa

 * The Distribution and Phylogeny of Aluminium Accumulating Plants in the Ericales - Plant Biology
 * Gustafsson MHG and Bremer K (1995) Morphology and phylogenetic interrelationships of the Asteraceae, Calyceraceae, Campanulaceae, Goodeniaceae, and related families (Asterales). American Journal of Botany 82: 250–265.
 * Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales. Vinnersten and Bremer Am. J. Bot..2001; 88: 1695-1703.
 * Gustafsson, M. H. G., E. Grafström and S. Nilsson (1997) Pollen morphology of the Goodeniaceae and comparisons with related families. Grana 36: 185-207. - PAPER ONLY
 * Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA and Stevens PF (1999) Plant Systematics. A Phylogenetic Approach. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. [See section on Rosales, pages 290–306, for descriptions, discussions, and illustrations of the families of the Rosales.]
 * Rudall PJ, Hong WP, Furness CA, Conran JG, Kite G, Stobart KL, Chase MW. 1900. Consider the lilies - systematics of Liliales. In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA, eds. Monocots - systematics and evolution. Melbourne: CSIRO. 347-357.

Cistaceae

 * Browicz, K. - Chorology of Trees & Shrubs in SW Asia & Adjacent Regions vol. 6: 18-20 & figs. 24-27 1988
 * Atsmon, D. & Feinbrun, N. - Chromosome counts in Israeli Cistaceae - in Caryologia 13: 240-6 1960
 * Giovannetti, G. & Fontana, A. - Mycorrhizal synthesis between Cistaceae & Tuberaceae in New Phytol. 92: 533-7 1982 - TECHNION - CHEM BIO STORE
 * Nandi OI. Floral development and systematics of Cistaceae PLANT SYST EVOL 212 (1-2): 107-134 1998 - write
 * Flowering plants of the world / consultant editor, V.H. Heywood ; Advisory editors, D.M. Moore, I.B.K. Richardson, W.T. Stearn ; artists, Victoria Goaman, Judith Dunkley, Christabel King
 * The plant-book : a portable dictionary of the vascular plants / D.J. Mabberly

title: User:Iorsh/Haifa


text:
Land Act of 1804

The Land Act of 1804 was U.S. legislation that refined provisions for the purchase of U.S. public land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. At the time, the region was divided into the Indiana Territory and the State of Ohio. The goal of the change was to make migration to the western United States more attractive. Titled An Act making provision for the disposal of the public lands in the Indiana territory, and for other purposes, the act was passed by Congress on March 26, 1804.

Background
The Land Act of 1804 superseded the Harrison Land Act of 1800, introduced by William Henry Harrison, then the congressional delegate representing the Northwest Territory. The goal of the legislation was to attract more immigrants to the western United States by allowing smaller tracts of land to be sold, rather than large tracts that individuals could not afford. The Harrison Land Act reduced the minimum amount of land that could be purchased from 640 acre to 320 acre and introduced a credit feature by which one-fourth of the purchase price was required at the time of purchase and the balance was payable in annual installments over four years. The minimum price of $2.00 an acre was unchanged from the Land Act of 1796, in which the price was doubled from that set by the Land Ordinance of 1785.

Once the United States Congress enacted the Land Act of 1804 it directly dealt with land in states like Ohio and Indiana. The Act allowed Ohioans to purchase land via credit.

https://www.in.gov/history/2896.htm However, "The credit provision worked badly in terms of government revenue and was eventually repealed in 1820."

https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/8th-congress/c8.pdf The Land Act of 1804 was passed at the first session of the eighth congress in Washington, D.C. towards the end of the session in 1804.

title: Land Act of 1804


text:
Martin Ekström

Martin Eugen Ekström (6 December 1887 – 28 December 1954) was a Swedish military adventurer who became the leader of the National Socialist Bloc, an umbrella organization for various fascist and National Socialist groups. Ekström was born in By, Avesta Municipality. During the Finnish Civil War, he led the Vasa Regiment which was responsible for the Viipuri massacre. Lieutenant colonel Ekström led the 3rd Battlegroup of the Swedish Volunteer Corps in the Finnish Winter War. He died in Helsinki, aged 67.

Career
Ekström was born in By, Kopparberg County, the son of Anders Gustav Ekström and his wife Johanna Mathilda (née Eriksson). He graduated from the Artillery School in 1916 and completed the German officers examination in Turkey in 1916. Ekström was military instructor of the Persian Gendarmerie from 1911 to 1915 and was chief of staff of Vaasa White Guard District. He participated in the Finnish Civil War, the Estonian War of Independence and the Lithuanian Wars of Independence.

Ekström was the leader of the National Socialist Bloc from 1934 and editor of Riksposten from 1934. He was known for the Viipuri massacre.

Personal life
In 1920 he married Gladys Kurtén (born 1896), the daughter of Karl Henrik Kurtén and Florence Emma Elliott.

title: Martin Ekström


text:
Albert Brigance

Albert H. Brigance (1932—2007) was an author and special education resource specialist from Maryville, Tennessee, United States.

In 1975-1978 Brigance created a comprehensive inventory of basic skills for his own use in his work as an assessment specialist for the California Master Plan in Humboldt and Del-Norte counties in northern California. Colleagues urged him to find a commercial publisher. The Brigance Inventory of Basic Skills became an instrument for assessment evaluation, student academic placement, Individual Educational Plans (IEPs), and instructional planning.

Subsequent instruments include early childhood screening instruments, and other inventories for individuals from birth through secondary levels of education. Recent revisions of the screens and inventories have included standardized, normed assessments, and online data management services from publisher, Curriculum Associates, Inc.

September 28, 2012, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK, opened the Albert H. Brigance Curriculum and Assessment Center, housed in the Henry G. Bennett Memorial Library on campus. In 1999, Albert Brigance ('55) was honored as a Distinguished Alumnus of Southeastern Oklahoma State University.

title: Albert Brigance


text:
Topsy-Turvy

Topsy-Turvy is a 1999 British musical period drama film written and directed by Mike Leigh, starring Jim Broadbent as W. S. Gilbert and Allan Corduner as Sir Arthur Sullivan, along with Timothy Spall, Lesley Manville and Ron Cook. The story concerns the 15-month period in 1884 and 1885 leading up to the premiere of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado. The film focuses on the creative conflict between playwright and composer, and their decision to continue their partnership, which led to their creation of several more Savoy operas.

The film received very favourable reviews, film festival awards and two Academy Awards for design. While it is considered an artistic success as an in-depth illustration of British life in the theatre during the Victorian era, the film did not recover its production costs. Leigh cast actors who did their own singing in the film, and the singing performances were faulted by some critics, while others lauded Leigh's strategy.

Plot
On the opening night of Princess Ida at the Savoy Theatre in January 1884, composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, ill from kidney disease, is barely able to make it to the theatre to conduct. He goes on a holiday to the continent hoping that the rest will improve his health. While he is away, ticket sales and audiences at the Savoy Theatre wilt in the hot summer weather. Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte has called on Sullivan and the dramatist W. S. Gilbert to create a new piece for the Savoy, but it is not ready when Ida closes. Until a new piece can be prepared, Carte revives an earlier Gilbert and Sullivan work, The Sorcerer.

Gilbert's idea for their next opera involves a transformative magic lozenge, which Sullivan feels is too similar to the magic potion and other magic talismans used in previous operas and mechanical in its reliance on a supernatural device. Sullivan, under pressure from the British musical establishment to write more serious music, says he longs for something that is "probable", centers on "human interest", and is not dependent on magic. Gilbert sees nothing wrong with his libretto and refuses to write a new one, resulting in a standoff. The impasse is resolved after Gilbert and his wife visit a popular exhibition of Japanese arts and crafts in Knightsbridge, London. When the katana sword he purchases there noisily falls off the wall of his study, he is inspired to write a libretto set in exotic Japan. Sullivan likes the idea and agrees to compose the music for it.

Gilbert, Sullivan and Carte work to make The Mikado a success, and many glimpses of rehearsals and stressful backstage preparations for the show follow: cast members lunch together before attempting to negotiate their salaries. Gilbert brings in Japanese girls from the exhibition to teach the ladies' chorus how to walk and use fans in the Japanese manner. The principal cast react to the fittings of their costumes designed by C. Wilhelm. The cast objects to Gilbert's proposed cut of the title character's Act Two solo, "A more humane Mikado," persuading the playwright to restore it. The actors face first-night jitters in their dressing rooms. Finally The Mikado is ready to open. As usual, Gilbert is too nervous to watch the opening performance and paces the streets. Returning to the theatre, he finds that the new opera is a resounding success.

Cast

 * Jim Broadbent as W. S. Gilbert
 * Allan Corduner as Sir Arthur Sullivan
 * Lesley Manville as Lucy "Kitty" Gilbert, Gilbert's wife
 * Ron Cook as Richard D'Oyly Carte, owner of the Savoy Theatre
 * Eleanor David as the American socialite Fanny Ronalds, Sullivan's mistress
 * Wendy Nottingham as Helen Lenoir, Carte's indispensable business manager
 * Timothy Spall as Richard Temple, who plays the Mikado
 * Vincent Franklin as Rutland Barrington, who plays Pooh-Bah
 * Martin Savage as George Grossmith, who plays Ko-Ko
 * Dexter Fletcher as Louis, Sullivan's valet
 * Dorothy Atkinson as Jessie Bond, who plays Pitti-Sing
 * Shirley Henderson as Leonora Braham, who plays Yum-Yum
 * Kevin McKidd as Durward Lely, who plays Nanki-Poo
 * Louise Gold as Rosina Brandram, who plays Katisha
 * Cathy Sara as Sybil Grey, who plays Peep-Bo
 * Michael Simkins as Frederick Bovill, who plays Pish-Tush
 * Andy Serkis as John D'Auban, choreographer
 * Nicholas Woodeson as Mr. Seymour
 * Naoko Mori as Miss "Sixpence Please", a tea seller at the Japanese Village, Knightsbridge
 * Sukie Smith as Clothilde, Sullivan's maid
 * Kenneth Hadley as Mr. Pidgeon, Gilbert's butler
 * Kate Doherty as Mrs. Judd, Gilbert's house-keeper and cook
 * Keeley Gainey as Gilbert's maid
 * Charles Simon as Mr. William Gilbert, Gilbert's father
 * Theresa Watson as Maude Gilbert, Gilbert's youngest sister
 * Lavinia Bertram as Florence Gilbert, Gilbert's middle sister
 * Eve Pearce as Mrs. Anne Gilbert, Gilbert's mother
 * Ashley Jensen as Miss Tringham, a member of the chorus
 * Mark Benton as Mr. Price, a member of the chorus
 * Steve Speirs as Mr. Kent, a member of the chorus
 * Nicholas Boulton as Mr. Conyngham, a member of the chorus
 * Sam Kelly as Richard Barker, the stage manager
 * Jonathan Aris as C. Wilhelm, the costume designer
 * Alison Steadman as Madame Leon, the wardrobe mistress
 * William Neenan as Cook, Grossmith's attendant
 * Adam Searles as Shrimp, backstage messenger-boy
 * Katrin Cartlidge as the madame of a Paris brothel
 * Julia Rayner as Mademoiselle Fromage, a singing prostitute at the brothel
 * Bríd Brennan as a mad beggar woman

Depiction of Victorian society
Film professor Wheeler Winston Dixon wrote that the film "uses the conventions of the biographical narrative film to expose the ruthlessness and insularity of the Victorian era, at the same time as it chronicles, with great fidelity, the difficulties of a working relationship in the creative arts. ... Topsy-Turvy is an investigation into the social, political, sexual and theatrical economies of the Victorian era".

While the film deals primarily with the production of The Mikado, it depicts many aspects of 1880s British life and society, some based on historical episodes. Scenes show George Grossmith's use of morphine; Leonora Braham's alcoholism and single motherhood; Jessie Bond's health issues, including an abscess on her leg that does not heal; Sullivan's visit to a French brothel and his relationship with his longtime mistress, Fanny Ronalds, implying that she obtains an abortion; three actors' discussion of the destruction of the British garrison at Khartoum by the Mahdi; a private salon concert; a conversation about the use of nicotine by women; and Gilbert being accosted outside the theatre on opening night by an elderly prostitute. The film also depicts the Savoy Theatre as having electric lighting; it was the first public building in Britain, and one of the first of any kind, to be lit entirely by electricity. Another scene shows an early use of the telephone. During costume fittings, the actors protest at having to perform without their corsets for the sake of accuracy.

Production
Principal photography took place at 3 Mills Studios in London beginning 29 June 1998 and completed shooting on 24 October. Location shooting took place in London and Hertfordshire, and scenes which took place at the Savoy Theatre were filmed at the Richmond Theatre in Richmond, London. The film's budget was $20,000,000.

Box office
In the United States, the film grossed $31,387 on its opening weekend and $6,208,548 in total. In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £139,700 on its opening weekend and £610,634 ($1 million) in total.

Critical reception
The film received very positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 90% "Fresh" score based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's consensus states: "Dressed to the nines in exquisite production value and buoyed by Mike Leigh's sardonic wit, Topsy-Turvy is rich entertainment that is as brainy as it is handsome." Metacritic reports a 90 out of 100 rating based on 31 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Janet Maslin of The New York Times found Topsy-Turvy "grandly entertaining", "one of those films that create a mix of erudition, pageantry and delectable acting opportunities, much as Shakespeare in Love did". She continued: "Topsy-Turvy ... is much bigger than their story. Its aspirations are thrilling in their own right. Mr. Leigh's gratifyingly long view of life in the theatre (Gilbert has a dentist who tells him Princess Ida could have been shorter) includes not only historical and biographical details but also the painstaking process of creating a Gilbert and Sullivan production from the ground up. The film details all this with the luxury of a leisurely pace, as opposed to a slow one."

Richard Schickel in Time magazine described the film as "one of the year's more beguiling surprises" and a "somewhat comic, somewhat desperate, very carefully detailed" story given "heartfelt heft" in the way it depicts how rehearsing and putting on a comic opera "takes over everyone's life". According to Philip French in The Observer, "Topsy-Turvy is not a conventional biographical film. ... [It] is an opulently mounted, warm-hearted celebration of two great artists and of a dedicated group of actors, backstage personnel and front-of-house figures working together." French also calls the film "a rare treat, thanks to Dick Pope's photography, Eve Stewart's production design and Lindy Hemming's costumes", with "great music orchestrated by Carl Davis." For Roger Ebert, it was "one of the year's best films."

Topsy-Turvy ranks 481st on Empire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest films of all time.

Awards and honours
At the 72nd Academy Awards, Topsy-Turvy received the Academy Award for Best Costume Design and the Academy Award for Best Makeup, and was nominated for Best Art Direction and Best Original Screenplay.

The film also won Best Make Up/Hair at the 53rd British Academy Film Awards and was nominated for Best British Film, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Jim Broadbent), Best Supporting Actor (Timothy Spall) and Best Original Screenplay. Broadbent also won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 56th Venice International Film Festival, and the film was nominated for the Golden Lion at the same festival.

Topsy-Turvy won the Best British Film Award at the Evening Standard British Film Awards, Best Film (shared with Spike Jonze's Being John Malkovich) and Best Director at the 1999 National Society of Film Critics Awards, and Best Picture and Best Director at the 1999 New York Film Critics Circle Awards.

Home media
A digitally restored version of the film, released on DVD and Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection in March 2011, includes an audio commentary featuring director Leigh; a new video conversation between Leigh and musical director Gary Yershon; Leigh's 1992 short film A Sense of History, written by and starring actor Jim Broadbent; deleted scenes; and a featurette from 1999 including interviews with Leigh and cast members.

title: Topsy-Turvy


text:
Loot (play)

Loot is a two-act play by the English playwright Joe Orton. The play is a dark farce that satirises the Roman Catholic Church, social attitudes to death, and the integrity of the police force.

Loot was Orton's third major production, following Entertaining Mr Sloane and the television play The Good and Faithful Servant. Playing with the conventions of popular farce, Orton creates a hectic world and examines English attitudes and perceptions in the mid-twentieth century. The play won several awards in its London run and has had many revivals.

Plot outline
Loot follows the fortunes of two young thieves, Hal and Dennis. Together they rob the bank next to the funeral parlour where Dennis works and return to Hal's home to hide the money. Hal's mother has just died and the money is hidden in her coffin while her body keeps on appearing around the house. Upon the arrival of Inspector Truscott, the plot becomes bizarre as Hal and Dennis try to keep him off their trail, aided by Nurse McMahon and to the despair of Hal's father, Mr. McLeavy. The play satirises the rituals of bereavement, and the mismatch between nominal standards of behaviour—religious and secular—and people's actual conduct. The police, as represented by Inspector Truscott, are depicted as venal and corrupt.

As is typical of Orton's writing the humour of the dialogue arises from the contrast between the shocking and bizarre elements that punctuate what the characters say and the mechanically genteel utterance that predominates in their speech.

Production history
Orton completed a first draft in October 1964, which premiered in Cambridge on 1 February 1965. The production starred Geraldine McEwan, Kenneth Williams, Duncan Macrae and Ian McShane and was directed by Peter Wood.

Responses to the first production were extremely mixed, with many in the audience outraged, as Orton had intended, but largely negative reviews also affected the box office. The London Evening News called it "one of the most revolting things I've ever seen." The first run ended at Wimbledon on 20 March 1965 with the play considered a flop due to its problems with repeated script rewrites, uneven direction, a stylish but unsympathetic set, and what many considered the miscasting of Williams.

Loot was successfully revived the following year, however. in two separate productions.

The first was directed by Braham Murray artistic director of the Century Theatre and performed at the new University Theatre in Manchester. Encouraged by the producer Michael Codron, who had been associated with both the successful London production of Entertaining Mr Sloane and the much less successful production of Loot outside London the previous year, Braham met with Orton and agreed to try again with a production more to Orton’s taste than the original. He also agreed to get much of the original text – censored before the first production - restored and in a personal visit to the Lord Chamberlain’s (censor’s) office succeeded in doing so. Cut by the author from three to two acts in rehearsals but now including most of the originally censored  material, and starring Julian Chagrin as Truscott, supported by Michael Elwyn and Peter Childs as Hal and Dennis, the play opened in Spring 1966 in Manchester. Loot for the first time received  favourable reviews and transferred to London with a new director and cast.

Now at the Jeanette Cochrane Theatre in Holborn. It opened on 27 September 1966 with Gerry Duggan as McLeavy, Sheila Ballantine as Fay, Kenneth Cranham as Hal, Simon Ward as Dennis, and Michael Bates as Inspector Truscott. It was directed by Charles Marowitz and designed by Tony Carruthers. The production transferred to the Criterion Theatre in November 1966.

The play had its first Broadway production in New York at the Biltmore Theatre. It opened on 18 March 1968. Kenneth Cranham played Hal (as he had in the 1966 London production), James Hunter played Dennis, Liam Redmond played McLeavy, Carole Shelley played Fay, George Rose played Truscott, and Norman Barrs played Meadows. It was directed by Derek Goldby and designed by William Ritmann. The play was profiled in the William Goldman book The Season: A Candid Look at Broadway.

Albert Finney directed a production at the Royal Court Theatre as part of its Joe Orton Festival. This production opened on 3 June 1975. Arthur O'Sullivan played McLeavy, Jill Bennett played Fay, David Troughton played Hal, James Aubrey played Dennis, Philip Stone played Truscott, and Michael O'Hagan played Meadows. It was designed by Douglas Heap, with costumes by Harriet Geddes.

A production was staged at the Lyric Theatre in 1984 during the run of which the actor Leonard Rossiter died whilst waiting to go on stage.

The play was staged at the Manhattan Theatre Club in a production directed by John Tillinger. It opened on 18 February 1986. Kevin Bacon played Dennis, Željko Ivanek played Hal, Zoë Wanamaker played Fay, Charles Keating played McLeavy, Joseph Maher played Truscott (winning a Drama Desk Award for his performance), and Nick Ullett played Meadows. This production transferred to the Music Box Theatre on Broadway on 28 June 1986. Alec Baldwin, in his Broadway debut, replaced Kevin Bacon in the role of Dennis. It was awarded the 1986 Outer Critics Circle Awards for best revival and best director.

The Lyric Hammersmith staged a production directed by Peter James, which opened on 7 May 1992. Patrick O'Connell played McLeavy, Dearbhla Molloy played Fay, Ben Walden played Hal, Colin Hurley played Dennis, David Troughton (who had played Hal in the 1975 Royal Court production) played Truscott, and Richard Hodder played Meadows. It was designed by Bernard Culshaw.

In June 2001 Braham Murray directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Derek Griffiths as Truscott, Gabrielle Drake as Fay and Colin Prockter as McLeavy.

Loot was revived from 11 December 2008 to 31 January 2009 at the Tricycle Theatre, London starring Matt Di Angelo and David Haig as Hal and Truscott. It transferred to Theatre Royal, Newcastle and ran between 2–7 February 2009.

A 2017 production directed by Michael Fentiman was staged at the Park Theatre, Finsbury Park, before transferring to the Watermill Theatre, Newbury. Christopher Fulford played Inspector Truscott and Sinead Matthews Nurse McMahon. The dead body was played by Anah Ruddin. Positive reviews for the production were published in The Independent, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and the Sunday Express. Michael Billington in The Guardian gave Loot a five star rating, commenting on the way Fentiman referenced the "shock tactics" in Orton's work, and stating: "the result not only sharpens an already subversive text but yields a first-rate production by Michael Fentiman that reminds us of the serious intent behind Orton’s drollery."

Film version

 * Loot was made into a film of the same name in 1970, directed by Silvio Narizzano and starring Richard Attenborough, Lee Remick, Hywel Bennett and comedian Dick Emery.

title: Loot (play)


text: User talk:82.41.104.224

title: User talk:82.41.104.224


text:
User:HPHubbard

Hi, My name is Pete Hubbard.

I'm interested in finding career professionals (from NCDA) to co-edit some or most of the Wikipedia (WP) articles in this "List of career-related articles" and co-edit the following new articles (none identified yet).

Please see this topic in the Career Development Forums discussion board about proposed "Wikipedia CD co-editors' tasks".

If you wish to be a co-editor, please edit the this page and add a link to your WP account where you list articles you will maintain or create.

I'm collecting current definitions of "career development" in this subpage

Subpages

My ultimate goal is to create a WikiPortal for either career development or career that is modelled after the Education portal. - I'm also interested in co-editing/co-maintaining a WP article about ACSCI. We will work on a draft here. -

title: User:HPHubbard


text:
Government Center station (Miami)

Government Center station is an intermodal transit hub in the Government Center district of Downtown Miami, Florida. It is operated by Miami-Dade Transit and serves as a transfer station for the Metrorail and Metromover rapid transit systems and as a bus station for Metrobus, Paratransit, and Broward County Transit buses. MiamiCentral is directly connected via a pedestrian bridge over NW 3rd Street. The station is located near the intersection of Northwest First Street and First Avenue, a part of the Stephen P. Clark Government Center Building. It opened to service May 20, 1984, next to the site of a former FEC railway station which is now MiamiCentral.

Metrorail and Metromover station

Development of the civic center was reinvigorated during the 1970s and early 1980s during a Downtown building boom. The boom spurred the development and construction the Stephen P. Clark Government Center, Metrorail, Metromover, and the Miami-Dade Cultural Plaza, which currently includes HistoryMiami and the Miami-Dade Public Library System Main Library.

Construction on the present-day Government Center station began in June 1982. The station was primarily designed by the Cambridge Seven Associates in collaboration with Edward D. Stone. The station was built by the Frank J. Rooney Construction Company. Metrorail service, between Overtown and Kendall, following the precise route of the FEC, commenced service May 1984.

An unused, partially completed ghost platform for a future East-West Metrorail line is adjacent to the west side of the mezzanine level below the current Metrorail station and is easily visible to passengers transferring from Metromover to Metrorail. This platform was part of the original design concept which interfaced with the atrium of the Miami-Dade County Administration Building, and the people mover station.

Florida East Coast Railroad station
Next to Government Center station is the former site of a railroad station developed in April 1896 as the southern terminus of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway (FEC). The downtown passenger terminal was demolished by November 1963. The FEC still owns the old station site, which was occupied by parking lots until 2014. It is now MiamiCentral, an intermodal transit hub. It has been served by Brightline higher-speed inter-city trains since 2018, and served by Tri-Rail commuter trains since 2024.

Station layout
The second floor of the complex includes the main fare control for Metrorail and platforms for the Metromover loops, as well as the Metrofare Shops area. The third floor of the complex is a mezzanine for transfers between the two services. A ghost platform for a never-built east-west Metrorail line is located on this level. The fourth floor of the complex is the Metrorail platform. It is the highest transit platform of the Miami-Dade Transit system in height and can hold up to eight Metrorail cars.

Places of interest

 * Downtown Miami
 * Neighborhoods: Arts & Entertainment District, Park West, and Miami Jewelry District
 * Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts
 * Kaseya Center
 * Bayfront Park
 * Bayside Marketplace
 * The Congress Building
 * Courthouse Center
 * David W. Dyer Federal Building and United States Courthouse
 * Flagler Street
 * Freedom Tower
 * Historical Museum of Southern Florida
 * Miami Art Museum
 * Miami Dade College (Wolfson Campus)
 * Miami-Dade County Courthouse
 * Miami Main Library
 * Museum Park
 * Museum Tower
 * New World School of the Arts
 * Olympia Theater
 * Stephen P. Clark Government Center

title: Government Center station (Miami)


text:
User:Habanero~enwiki

Someone logged into my new account... this is a public computer so I am checking it out...

title: User:Habanero~enwiki


text:
User:Peter Eedy

I am from Australia. I studied architecture and business law, and now work part-time as a consultant.

My interests are architecture, art, law and history (including sports history) and sport in general.

title: User:Peter Eedy


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/Reports/Multiple cats/SQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_botcleancats;

CREATE TABLE temp_botcleancats SELECT p_id, p_title, cur_text, 0 AS oc FROM temp_peopleyr, cur   # see People by year WHERE p_id=cur_id LIMIT 100000;

ALTER TABLE temp_botcleancats ADD KEY (p_id);

Update temp_botcleancats SET oc=1 WHERE cur_text LIKE '%[[Category:_____births%' AND (LENGTH(cur_text) - LENGTH(REPLACE(REPLACE(cur_text, 'births]', ), 'births|', )))/7 >1;

Update temp_botcleancats SET oc=1 WHERE cur_text LIKE '%[[Category:_____deaths%' AND (LENGTH(cur_text) - LENGTH(REPLACE(REPLACE(cur_text, 'deaths]', ), 'deaths|', )))/7 >1;

SELECT CONCAT('#', p_title, '') INTO OUTFILE 'wp_multiplecats.txt' FROM temp_botcleancats WHERE oc <> 0