text:
Singulation

Singulation is a method by which an RFID reader identifies a tag with a specific serial number from a number of tags in its field. This is necessary because if multiple tags respond simultaneously to a query, they will jam each other. In a typical commercial application, such as scanning a bag of groceries, potentially hundreds of tags might be within range of the reader.

When all the tags cooperate with the tag reader and follow the same anti-collision protocol, also called singulation protocol, then the tag reader can read data from each and every tag without interference from the other tags.

Collision avoidance
Generally, a collision occurs when two entities require the same resource; for example, two ships with crossing courses in a narrows. In wireless technology, a collision occurs when two transmitters transmit at the same time with the same modulation scheme on the same frequency. In RFID technology, various strategies have been developed to overcome this situation.

Tree walking
There are different methods of singulation, but the most common is tree walking, which involves asking all tags with a serial number that starts with either a 1 or 0 to respond. If more than one responds, the reader might ask for all tags with a serial number that starts with 01 to respond, and then 010. It keeps doing this until it finds the tag it is looking for. Note that if the reader has some idea of what tags it wishes to interrogate, it can considerably optimise the search order. For example with some designs of tags, if a reader already suspects certain tags to be present then those tags can be instructed to remain silent, then tree walking can proceed without interference from these.

This simple protocol leaks considerable information because anyone able to eavesdrop on the tag reader alone can determine all but the last bit of a tag's serial number. Thus a tag can be (largely) identified so long as the reader's signal is receivable, which is usually possible at much greater distance than simply reading a tag directly. Because of privacy and security concerns related to this, the Auto-ID Labs have developed two more advanced singulation protocols, called Class 0 UHF and Class 1 UHF, which are intended to be resistant to these sorts of attacks. These protocols, which are based on tree-walking but include other elements, have a performance of up to 1000 tags per second.

The tree walking protocol may be blocked or partially blocked by RSA Security's blocker tags.

ALOHA
The first offered singulation protocol is the ALOHA protocol, originally used decades ago in ALOHAnet and very similar to CSMA/CD used by Ethernet. These protocols are mainly used in HF tags. In ALOHA, tags detect when a collision has occurred, and attempt to resend after waiting a random interval. The performance of such collide-and-resend protocols is approximately doubled if transmissions are synchronised to particular time-slots, and in this application time-slots for the tags are readily provided for by the reader. ALOHA does not leak information like the tree-walking protocol, and is much less vulnerable to blocker tags, which would need to be active devices with much higher power handling capabilities in order to work. However when the reader field is densely populated, ALOHA may make much less efficient use of available bandwidth than optimised versions of tree-walking. In the worst case, an ALOHA protocol network can reach a state of congestion collapse. The Auto-ID consortium is attempting to standardise a version of an ALOHA protocol which it calls Class 0 HF. This has a performance of up to 200 tags per second.

Slotted Aloha
Slotted Aloha is another variety offering better properties than the initial concept. It is implemented in most of the modern bulk detection systems, especially in the clothing industry.

Listen before talk
This concept is known from polite conversation. It applies as well to wireless communication, also named listen before send. With RFID it is applied for concurrence of readers (CSMA) as well as with concurrence of tags.

title: Singulation


text:
Lúnasa (disambiguation)

Lúnasa or Lughnasadh is a Gaelic festival marking the beginning of the harvest season.

Lúnasa may also refer to:
 * Lúnasa (band), a traditional Irish band
 * Lúnasa (album), a 1998 album by Lúnasa

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lúnasa (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Demosceners

Instrumental members of the demoscene.

title: Category:Demosceners


text:
Talk:Pepperdine University

1970 fires
While a source of tension between black and white students, the December 1970 fires were proven to be ignited by a white student/arsonist. He was detected fleeing from the 3rd fire (in the art building) by a student security guard and captured by a group of students. I was there. Student or non-student activists never overtly threatened to burn down the campus. White and black "activists" were busy accusing each other for the auditorium fire, which was the only significant arson committed. 67.45.96.78 (talk) 21:01, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pepperdine University


text:
True color

True color may refer to:
 * True color (rendering), the rendition of an object's natural colors through an image
 * 24-bit color, the use of 24 bits to store color information
 * True color, a scale used to determine the color of water after all suspended material has been filtered out

title: True color


text:
The Old Man of Lochnagar

The Old Man of Lochnagar is a 1980 children's book written by King Charles III, at that time the Prince of Wales, and illustrated by Sir Hugh Casson. The story revolves around an old man who lives in a cave in the cliffs surrounding the corrie loch under the Lochnagar, a mountain which overlooks the royal estate at Balmoral in Scotland where the Royal Family spend much of their summer holidays.

The story of the old man of Lochnagar was one King Charles had told some years earlier to entertain his brothers, Andrew and Edward, when they were young. The book was published in 1980 in aid of The Prince's Trust charity.

The book was later adapted into an animated short film by the BBC, with Robbie Coltrane providing the voice of the hermit and Prince Charles narrating. The film was titled The Old Man of Lochnagar in the UK and The Legend of Lochnagar in North America. The book was also adapted into a musical stage play. In 1984, Prince Charles read the story on the BBC children's programme Jackanory. He has also read it in Welsh and Scottish Gaelic translations on television.

In 2007, National Youth Ballet of Great Britain received permission from the Prince of Wales to create a new ballet based on the story. With choreography by Drew McOnie and a commissioned score by Nigel Hess, the ballet received its première at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London on 14 October 2007 and was performed from 24 to 27 October at Leatherhead Theatre in Surrey.

Plot
The book comprises six parts.

Part One
The old man loses his grip while attempting to scale the Lochnagar cliff and falls into the loch, where he meets "lagopus Scoticus," a "freshwater variant of Neptune". The man and lagopus Scoticus converse using bubbles which display their thoughts in written text and go hunting for "Loch-haggis" in a "sea-rover" underwater vehicle. After the hunt, the old man "feast[s] on Loch-haggis and suffer[s] terribly from wind," before going to sleep beside the loch.

Part Two
The old man wakes up with "a slight hangover", then sneezes so violently that the force directed into the ground shoots him up into the air. He ends up on top of Lochnagar but is then swept up by a golden eagle that carries him as far as Balmoral, where he bounces on a trampoline before coming to rest. He goes to the fountain and meets Mr Toad, who happens to have tenancy there. The toad offers help and agrees to take the man back to his cave. The man goes to sleep.

Part Three
Having slept for "several days" the man wakes and goes to use his specially-designed toilet. The toilet is so designed that bagpipes are played when it is flushed. On the toilet, the man reads books given to him by the Gorms - a race of "friendly little people" who live in "the stone cairns near Lochnagar" - in which they describe their world and promise to invite him to visit "when their research scientists ha[ve] discovered the right formula for a potion which, when drunk, would shrink the old man to the size of the little people." The man decides to go to Loch Muick and calls "twelve cock capercaillie" towards him. He harnesses them to a carriage and flies to the loch, landing his craft on the water "like a flying boat." He gives the birds "sugared daddy-long-legs" as a reward. The old man then gets two ospreys called "Skean" and "Dhu" to fish trout from the water for him. The capercaillie, ospreys and the old man all eat the fish together in the evening, exchanging stories until late at night.

Part Four
The man risks flying home to his cave by night, and has a few near-accidents on the way. He sleeps a few hours, then receives a letter and package from "a grouse with an evil look in its eye" as he is eating breakfast. It is an invitation to join the Gorms in their cairn; however, the man drinks the bottle without reading the warning on the front and thus has to make his way to the Gorms in a shrunken state, journeying "through giant clumps of heather and gigantic boulders." A group of Gorms laugh at his struggle as they see him arriving, then also as he slips on the floor upon entering. He descends a flight of stairs to a "vast hall" where the "king of the Gorms" is sat "[a]t the far end of the room."

Part Five
The man slips as he approaches the king and is once again laughed at by the Gorms. He later discovers that the king wears rubber soles to prevent this happening to him and that the king also wears a "peculiar rubber matt" over his bottom to "prevent him slipping off his throne all the time." The king gives him a tour of the cairn and its industries. The reader discovers that is the Gorms who manufacture copper and put it on copper beach trees and go out on "heathercraft" to spray heather with a "purple liquid" without which it "wouldn't be as beautiful and purple as it is." The man then sees women "milking hind stag beetles," but accidentally "dilute[s] the special shrinking mixture" in his stomach and begins to grow back to full size. He is rushed out of the cairn before he grows back fully.

Part Six
The old man decides to visit London after overhearing the conversations of "people having picnics in the heather." He boards a train at Ballater, but the train is stopped near Aboyne by cows on the line. The cows are then cleared but the train is impeded again at Aberdeen, whence it can go no further because "heavy falls of snow ha[ve] blocked the line to London." The man decides to return to Ballater, but sees on the platform a woman dressed entirely in tartan and wearing a "huge hat [...] angrily prodding the station-master with her umbrella," in protest over the London service's cancellation.

The story ends by saying that the old man was secretly rather pleased not to go to London. "He couldn't think of anywhere more special to be," concludes the storyteller, "than to be living at the foot of Lochnagar."

title: The Old Man of Lochnagar


text:
Border Force National Museum

The Border Force National Museum (previously - UK Border Agency) is located in Liverpool, England and holds the national collection of HM Revenue and Customs, one of the most important collections of its type held anywhere in the world. Originally HM Customs & Excise National Museum, the collection is now a gallery located on the basement floor of the Merseyside Maritime Museum at the Albert Dock.

The exhibits tell the story of smuggling and contraband from the 18th century to the present day. They include an extensive display of tools of the job, prints, paintings and photographs relating to the work of the UK Border Agency and HM Revenue and Customs. Other items look at the ingenious and often dangerous world of smuggling, prohibited goods and concealment.

History
The museum was established in 1994 a partnership between National Museums Liverpool and HM Customs & Excise, which in 2005 merged with the Inland Revenue to form HM Revenue and Customs. The museum was designed to educate the public about smuggling and contraband from 1700s to the present day.

The museum was named as HM Revenue and Customs National Museum in May 2008 (known as 'Seized! Revenue and Customs Uncovered') and then became the UK Border Agency National Museum (known as 'Seized! The Border and Customs uncovered') following a new lead partnership with the UK Border Agency in 2009. Following the rename of the UK Border Agency in 2012 to Border Force, the museum is now known as "Seized! The Border and Customs uncovered Border Force National Museum".

Since May 2008 the collection has been located in the basement of Merseyside Maritime Museum. Fraser Randall was chosen to carry out a refurbishment of the exhibition by National Museums Liverpool. The construction company created setworks, interactives, audio visual and graphics works. The exhibition designers updated the collection with the ability for visitor interaction and family-friendly displays. The cost of the refurbishment totalled £500,000.

title: Border Force National Museum


text: Talk:Candido Amantini

title: Talk:Candido Amantini


text:
User:Onebigword

OneBigWord
Widely known as The Fondue King of North Orange County (external link: Fondue King @ It's News, Dammit), even though he no longer resides in the OC. Also a brewmaster in his own right, who carefully crafts custom batches that delight beerdrinkers in Southern California.

How many firkins of beer does it take to write a good article on Wikipedia?

He draws a pretty good comic too.

But how much longer do we have to look at Barf Girl on the front page?

title: User:Onebigword


text:
Christopher Jackson (politician)

Christopher Murray Jackson (24 May 1935 – 13 December 2019) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1979 to 1994.

After a National Service Commission in the RAF as a pilot, Jackson read physics at Magdalen College, Oxford, of which he was an Open Exhibitioner. Whilst there he founded the Magnates Club which eventually became the Oxford University Guild Society. He then trained in management with Unilever, becoming a senior manager of the Group in 1967.

He contested East Ham South as a Conservative in the 1970 General Election and Northampton North in 1974.

He was Director of Corporate Development of the Spillers Group from 1974 to 1979.

He was elected as the Member of the European Parliament for Kent East from 1979 (the first European Parliament Elections) to 1994, he served as Conservative Spokesman on Development Policy; Agriculture; Economic Affairs and Foreign Affairs. In 1984 he proposed the inclusion of subsidiarity in the Draft Treaty on European Union and led a European Parliament delegation, including Altiero Spinelli to the UK for discussions on the Draft Treaty with the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal parties, the CBI and the TUC. He was a Member of the ACP-European Economic Community Joint Assembly of which he was Rapporteur-General in 1985. He became Deputy Leader of Conservative MEPs in 1989, remaining in that position until 1991, and Co-President of the EP Working Group on Population and Development. From 1995 to 2002 he was Chairman of CJA Consultants Ltd and from 1997 to 2003 Chairman of Natural Resources International Ltd. He left the Conservative Party in 1999 and rejoined in 2007.

He is a member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) and of the Athenaeum Club.

Jackson has also been the Chairman of Governors of Bethany School, Goudhurst since 1999.

title: Christopher Jackson (politician)


text: User talk:205.233.121.29

title: User talk:205.233.121.29


text:
Lars Leijonborg

Lars Erik Ansgar Leijonborg (born 21 November 1949) is a Swedish politician, Minister for Higher Education and Research 2006-2009 and Head of the Ministry of Education and Research 2006–2007. During a ten-year period from 1997 to 2007, he served as chairman of the Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet liberalerna).

He announced on 11 June 2009 that he would be leaving the Cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt as soon as a successor was appointed. He was replaced by Tobias Krantz on 17 June 2009.

Biography
Lars Leijonborg grew up in Solna north of Stockholm. In 1971 he became the leader of the Liberal Youth of Sweden (Liberala ungdomsförbundet), the Liberal Party's youth organisation. In 1974 he graduated from his studies in social work at Stockholm University. He was party secretary from 1980 to 1983 and editor-in-chief for the party magazine NU from 1983 to 1984. After a brief period as a management consultant, he was elected a member of the Riksdag (parliament) in 1985. In 1990 he became the party's second deputy chairman. Succeeding Maria Leissner, on 15 March 1997 he was unanimously elected chairman of the party.

In the 1998 parliamentary elections, Folkpartiet received 4.7% of the vote, just above the 4% threshold for parliamentary representation. It was the worst election result the party had seen since World War I. Even within the party, Leijonborg's position was questioned by many. The youth organisation he once headed openly called for his resignation. Despite the internal opposition, he managed to hold on to his position. And when, in the campaign before the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party suddenly surged after launching a proposal on making a Swedish language test one of the requirements for a naturalized Swedish citizenship, Leijonborg was nicknamed "the Lion King" (Leijonkungen) in the tabloids. The election result, 13.3%, was a success for the party and for Leijonborg personally, but since the party's centre-right partners failed to gain ground, the Social Democrats could remain in government. In 2006 the party was a part of the Alliance for Sweden, which won the election, although after a scandal where members of the party had hacked into a rival party's computer network, the Liberal Party lost almost six percentage points compared to the 2002 election, getting a total of 7.5% of the votes.

On 6 October 2006 Lars Leijonborg was made Minister for Education and Research in the Cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt. On 16 October 2006, Leijonborg temporarily took over the responsibilities for Minister for Culture Cecilia Stegö Chilò, who resigned that day. Eight days later, on 24 October, Lena Adelsohn Liljeroth assumed the post as Minister for Culture.

Leijonborg announced his resignation as party leader on 23 April 2007. He resigned from his post in September 2007. His successor as chairman, Minister for Schools Jan Björklund also took office as the new head of the Ministry of Education and Research. Leijonborg remained in the cabinet, keeping his political assignments as a minister for higher education and research but resigned from the government on 11 June 2009.

Leijonborg is a member of the congregationalist Mission Covenant Church of Sweden (Svenska Missionskyrkan).

title: Lars Leijonborg


text:
User:TACD

Helpful links for myself

 * Styling cheatsheet
 * Manual of Style

title: User:TACD


text:
Bidston Windmill

Bidston Windmill is situated on Bidston Hill, near Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, England.

History
It is believed that there has been a windmill, on this site, since 1596. The mill was ideally placed to catch the wind and was able to produce over 100 lb of flour every 3 to 5 minutes. However, the mill was difficult to access by cart. The previous structure, a wooden peg mill, was destroyed by fire in 1791 (although some sources state 1793). During a gale, the sails got out of control and the friction produced by the revolving wooden mechanism caused the entire mill to burst into flames.

The current building was built around 1800 and continued working as a flour mill until about 1875. After falling into disuse the windmill and the land, on which it stands, was purchased by Birkenhead Corporation and restored from 1894.

There is a plaque on the windmill, which reads as follows: The building was badly damaged in 1927, once again. A public subscription was then raised, in order to carry out the necessary repairs. The windmill has been reconditioned several times, since. During 2006, the roof of the windmill was replaced as part of a refurbishment program, in order to maintain the structure.

title: Bidston Windmill


text:
User:Chmod007/Alternate version proposal

Proposal
The number of images in Wikipedia is growing faster than ever before, and that is great! Now that images can be automatically scaled to thumbnails by the software, people tend to upload high-resolution versions of images too. For the future, it is important to further encourage people to make high quality versions of images available. Resolutions of displays are increasing, and slowly but surely vectorised formats such as PDF and SVG are getting web browser support. In the future, we may be able to embed fully scalable graphics in articles. A print edition of Wikipedia is being discussed, and images used for printing should be of higher resolutions than what is typical for most online graphics.

While most text on Wikipedia can be easily edited by anyone, it is often difficult to make minor adjustments to images without degrading quality (multiple compressions of the same JPEG, for example, is very bad) or redoing lots of work. Access to the original source documents makes this a lot easier and encourages wiki-like collaboration. It is virtually impossible to tweak a detail in a 3D projection without access to the 3D models / source used to generate it.

I propose that we add information on how editors best can make high-quality versions and source documents for images and other media available. This may include:

 * losslessly compressed digital photos (PNGs)
 * TIFF should be avoided where possible as most browsers cannot render it.
 * vector files (PDF, SVG)
 * WAV/AIFF/FLAC uncompressed/multi-channel audio files
 * other source documents used to generate an image for Wikipedia
 * layered Adobe Photoshop psd files
 * Microsoft Visio / ConceptDraw / Dia / OmniGraffle / Adobe Illustrator diagram documents
 * Mathematica / MATLAB / GraphViz text source code for generating graphs and diagrams
 * C source code for generating complicated diagrams algorithmically
 * 3D documents or source code used to generate a 2D image (e.g. POV-Ray source).

At present, the mediawiki software makes it difficult or impossible to upload files that do not have the recommended image and media file extensions. This must be fixed but unfortunately there are security issues with doing so (mostly related to internet explorers mime time autodetection and cross site scripting).

Templates
It would also be nice to have a uniform way of associating images with their source documents. This could be done using a few templates.

The templates could put documents with vector versions in a category, and files with source documents in another.

As a nice side-effect, we will be creating a GFDL / PD repository of a variety of useful document types.

Free vs. unfree
Wikipedia strongly prefers the use of open and unrestricted formats, that can be read and edited by free tools. PNG is prefered over GIF and OGG over MP3. Free and open formats should be preferred over proprietary for alternate versions too, but there should be no hard rule.

Professionals choose their tools, not based on freeness, but on how efficiently they can work with them. Proprietary formats can have better features than free formats, and therefore be preferable for source material that is intended to be edited.

In some cases it may be wise to upload several versions. For example for a graph made with microsoft excel one may want to upload the excel workbook, a raw version of the data used for generation, a vector form and a png to be used for actual display.

Conclusion
To ensure that Wikipedia keeps as many migration paths as possible, and to ensure that media content can be edited as easily as text in the wiki, it is necessary to make it easier to upload source material, and to create policies for how the material should be organized.


text:
Reveille

"Reveille", called in French "Le Réveil" is a bugle call, trumpet call, drum, fife-and-drum or pipes call most often associated with the military; it is chiefly used to wake military personnel at sunrise. The name comes from réveille (or réveil), the French word for "wake up".

Commonwealth of Nations and the United States
The tunes used in the Commonwealth of Nations are different from the one used in the United States, but they are used in analogous ways: to ceremonially start the day. British Army Cavalry and Royal Horse Artillery regiments sound a call different from the infantry versions, known as "The Rouse" but often misnamed "Reveille", while most Scottish Regiments of the British Army sound a pipes call of the same name, to the tune of "Hey, Johnnie Cope, Are Ye Waking Yet?", a tune that commemorates the Battle of Prestonpans. For the Black Watch, since the Crimean War, "Johnnie Cope" has been part of a sequence of pipe tunes played at an extended reveille on the 15th of every month known as "Crimean Long Reveille".

In modern times, the U.S. military plays (or sounds) "Reveille" in the morning, generally near sunrise, though its exact time varies from base to base. On U.S. Army posts and Air Force bases, "Reveille" is played by itself or followed by the bugle call "To the Colors" at which time the national flag is raised and all U.S. military personnel outdoors are required to come to attention and present a salute in uniform, either to the flag or in the direction of the music if the flag is not visible. While in formation, soldiers are brought to the position of parade rest while "Reveille" plays then called to attention and present arms as the national flag is raised. When in a vehicle, personnel are expected to stop and render honors. On board U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard facilities, "Reveille" is generally sounded separately from morning colors. "Reveille" is sounded at an earlier time such as 06:00 (6 am), and then the flag is generally raised at 08:00 (8 am) while "The Star-Spangled Banner" or the bugle call "To the Colors" is played. On some U.S. military bases, "Reveille" is accompanied by a cannon shot.

In Commonwealth Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday services, and ANZAC Day services, "Last Post" begins the period of silent reflection, and "Reveille" ends it. The two tunes symbolize sunset and sunrise respectively, and therefore, death and resurrection. ("Reveille" is often replaced by "The Rouse", a bugle call commonly mistaken for "Reveille", although these are actually two different tunes.) Winston Churchill had "Last Post" sounded at his funeral, followed by "Reveille", as did Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Queen Elizabeth II.

"To Reveille" or "to sound Reveille" is often used among military personnel as a term meaning "to notify personnel that it is time to wake up", whether the bugle call is actually sounded or not. Units lacking the personnel or equipment necessary to play the tune will often assign the duty to "sound Reveille" to the last watch of the night, who must ensure that others are roused at the proper time, by any appropriate means (often by actually shouting the word reveille until everyone is awake).

The "Reveille" is still played in all the Australian Defence Forces. It was originally played by drums.

Australia
Although there are no official lyrics to "Reveille", these unofficial lyrics for the Commonwealth "Reveille" have been recently popularized:

British
The first lines of the British Cavalry "Reveille" were for many years rendered as:

The infantry and general "Rouse" ran:

The "Reveille" and "Rouse" are two separate calls which are often confused. The "Reveille" is the first bugle sound of the day to awaken the troops. See the words above, in the Australian section (it is the same as British). The "Rouse" is the second call and, shorter call, sounded after "Reveille" to remind people that they should now be well up and about. On ceremonial occasions, "Rouse" is often sounded instead of "Reveille" because it is shorter and much easier to play. The Goon Show featured as the introduction of 'Bloodnok's Rock and Roll', the first four bars of the Revelle in 4/4 time, followed by Secombe: "Company 'shun! Shoulder Arms!  From the right...Number!"...

In the Royal Navy, "Reveille" was usually verbalized, preceded by a blast from the bo'sun's call as: ''"Wakey wakey, lash up and stow!" '' Often, even in modern times, this was extended with other bits and pieces, often a weather report, and sometimes even comical rhymes thought up by the quartermaster. An example heard onboard the frigate HMNZS Canterbury (F421) in 1979 went thus: "Wakey, wakey, rise and shine, get up, get up, the day is fine, the birds are singing, so why don't you? And if you can't sing then you know what you can do!  Don't turn over...Turn Out!" (The quartermaster in question was admonished severely by the officer of the day!!)

United States
To the U.S. tune:

Another set of lyrics to the U.S. tune above:

Still another U.S. version goes:

Most famous is Irving Berlin's comic adaption of the tune and the lyrics in his 1918 song "Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning", inspired by his experience as a draftee in the First World War. Recast from the original military 2/4 time to a more swinging 6/8 rhythm, the words

are set to the initial notes of the bugle call, followed by

Music
"Reveille" and "Rouse" are composed, like nearly all bugle music, solely from the notes of the major triad, usually notated in C as: C, the tonic; E, the mediant; and G, the dominant.

Both the Commonwealth and United States "Reveilles" can be played with any combination of valves (or all open valves), because they were first played on a bugle, which lacks valves and plays only notes from the harmonic series.

Australia
"Reveille" is played as the first call of the day when in barracks. It also concludes the ANZAC day dawn service. "Rouse" is played at the conclusion of silence for other commemorative services.

Denmark
The "Reveille" was previously used throughout the Royal Danish Army, but is now only played at sunrise and sunset at the Guard Hussar Regiment barracks, by buglers from the mounted squadron's drum and bugle corps. It is also played every morning at the Royal Life Guard barracks in Copenhagen while the flag is hoisted at the garrison.

Germany
"Reise Reise" is the wake up call on ships of the German Navy, the Deutsche Marine. It comes from the Low German word for rise. Every day on a German Navy ship starts with a wake-up call, the Purren, which is started by the Locken, a whistle from the boatswain's call given 5 minutes before the main wake-up call. The wake-up call is given by a long whistle and the call: Reise, reise, aufstehen, überall zurrt Hängematten ('Rise, rise, wake up, get your hammock ready').

India
In the Indian Army, "Reveille" is sounded at 06:00 (or sunrise), and the regimental colours are hoisted. As this also signals the start of the physical training parade, for practical reasons, servicemen must awake prior to the sounding of reveille.

Ireland
In the Irish Army, "Reveille" is sounded at dawn and at military wreath-laying ceremonies, as on the National Day of Commemoration.

Sweden
In Sweden, "Revelj" can be played on bugle, trumpet or drum. Today, it is usually played from a recording. There is also a reveille for military band composed by Johann Heinrich Walch that is used as the reveille of the Swedish Armed Forces.

United States
In the U.S. military, Reveille is generally played at 6:30 a.m. as the morning bugle call. It was originally conducted in 1811 as "Troop", and was designed to muster the unit or for roll call, but later came to mark when the flag was raised in the morning and honors paid to it.

Boy Scouts of America
Within the Boy Scouts of America, it is common for "Reveille" to be sounded as a "wake up" for a large encampment of scouts, usually a camporee, jamboree or summer camp. The music may be played over the camp's intercom or bugled or trumpeted by the camp bugler. An individual scout unit may also sound "Reveille" to rouse the scouts and scouters on a weekend trip, though this is less common.

Troop Bugler is a position of leadership in some troops.

An instrumental rock version of the melody was recorded as "Reveille Rock" in 1959 by Johnny and The Hurricanes and released on Warwick Records, catalog number M-513. The record charted Billboard number 25 and number 14 in the UK.

title: Reveille


title: User:El3


text:
Daniel Dae Kim

Daniel Dae Kim (born August 4, 1968) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Jin-Soo Kwon in Lost, Chin Ho Kelly in Hawaii Five-0, Gavin Park in Angel, and Johnny Gat in the Saints Row video game series. He also runs a production company, 3AD, which produced the television series The Good Doctor. He portrayed Ben Daimio in the superhero film Hellboy (2019) and provided the voice of Chief Benja in the Disney animated film Raya and the Last Dragon (2021).

Early life and education
Kim was born in Busan, South Korea, the son of mother Jung Kim and father Doo-tae Kim, but moved to the United States with his family when he was one year old. He grew up in New York City, Easton, and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Freedom High School in Bethlehem in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.

In 1990, Kim graduated from Haverford College in Haverford, Pennsylvania with double bachelor's degrees in theater and political science. While attending Haverford, he spent the 1989 spring semester studying at the National Theater Institute at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center. He went on to earn an MFA from New York University's Graduate Acting Program in 1996.

Career
After graduation, Kim made a name for himself playing numerous roles in a wide variety of television programs. He appeared in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as a treasury agent as well as episodes of Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, Charmed, The Shield, Seinfeld, NYPD Blue, and ER. He was a regular on the short-lived Babylon 5 spin-off Crusade and had recurring roles on Angel and 24. He also portrayed Dr. Tsi Chou in a 2008 miniseries based on the acclaimed Michael Crichton novel The Andromeda Strain.

Kim's film credits include a Shaolin monk in American Shaolin (1992), which enabled him to showcase his skills in Tae Kwon Do. Then came a small part in Spider-Man 2 (2004) as a scientist working in Doctor Octavius' laboratory, and the drama Crash (2004). He also had minor roles in films such as The Jackal (1997), For Love of the Game (1999), Hulk (2003), and The Cave (2005).

2004–2010: Lost and mainstream prominence
From 2004 to 2010, Kim served as a regular cast member on the ABC series Lost, in which he played Jin-Soo Kwon, a lowly Korean fisherman-turned-hitman who crashes onto a mysterious island with his wife, Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim). Since the role required him to speak exclusively in Korean, he said he was forced to quickly relearn the language, which he had not spoken with any great frequency since high school. He would go on to play the character up until the 2010 series finale. Throughout the show's run, he, along with his fellow cast members, received numerous accolades, including a 2006 Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Ensemble. He was individually honored with an AZN Asian Excellence Award, a Multicultural Prism Award, and a Vanguard Award from the Korean American Coalition, all for Outstanding Performance by an Actor. Kim was also named one of People Magazine's "Sexiest Men Alive" in 2005.

Kim provided the voice of the character Johnny Gat for the Saints Row video game series, which debuted in 2006. That same year, Kim provided the voice for Metron in the final two episodes of Justice League Unlimited.

Kim played the King of Siam in Rodgers & Hammerstein's The King and I from June 12–28, 2009 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, England.

In January 2016, it was announced Kim would make his Broadway debut as the King of Siam in Rodgers & Hammerstein's The King and I from May 3 – June 26, 2016, at the Lincoln Center Theatre in New York.

2010–2017: Hawaii Five-0

In February 2010, shortly after Lost 's conclusion, it was announced that Kim would join the CBS reboot Hawaii Five-0 as Chin Ho Kelly, the role originally made famous by actor Kam Fong. He was the first actor to be officially cast on the show. That series premiered on September 20, 2010, to strong ratings and solid critical acclaim.

He served as a speaker at the 2014 University of Hawaii commencement ceremony.

Kim made his directorial debut with the Hawaii Five-0 season five episode "Kuka'awale". He departed the show together with Grace Park, the female lead, in late June 2017 prior to the eighth season due to a salary dispute with CBS. They had been seeking pay equality with co-stars Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but CBS would not agree to it. It was the first time since the reboot started that the show did not feature any Asian actors in the main cast.

Kim co-starred in The Divergent Series: Insurgent, the sequel to 2014's Divergent, playing Jack Kang, the leader of the Candor faction.

2018–present: Producing and The Good Doctor
As the founder of the film and television production company 3AD, Kim in January 2014 signed a first-look development deal with CBS Television Studios, the first of its kind with an Asian-American actor. 3AD is currently producing the ABC television series The Good Doctor, based on the 2013 South Korean series of the same name. He is an executive producer on The Good Doctor and joined the show during its second season in the role of chief of surgery, Dr. Jackson Han.

In 2019, Kim played the role of Ben Daimio in the reboot film Hellboy. He replaced Ed Skrein in the role to avoid a whitewashing controversy, as the character was Asian-American in the original comics. Kim provides the voice of Chief Benja in the Disney animated film Raya and the Last Dragon, which was released in March 2021.

In August and September 2023, he portrayed Francis in the Los Angeles production of Peter Pan Goes Wrong.

Activism
Kim has voiced concerns about Asian American discrimination in the United States. After testing positive for COVID-19, he spoke out against the xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic, stating: "Please, please stop the prejudice and senseless violence against Asian people. ... Yes, I'm Asian. And yes, I have coronavirus. But I did not get it from China, I got it in America. In New York City. Despite what certain political leaders want to call it, I don't consider the place where it's from as important as the people who are sick and dying."

Prior to the 2022 runoff election in Georgia, Kim tweeted about state laws that make it challenging for students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to establish their eligibility to vote, citing VoteRiders as a resource for more information about valid voter ID.

Personal life
On June 12, 1993, Kim married Mia Rhee. They have two sons who were born in 1996 and 2002.

During production of Lost, Kim and his family split their residency between Los Angeles and Hawaii. He continued his residency in Hawaii after being cast in Hawaii Five-0.

On March 19, 2020, Kim announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19. On March 30, 2020, he announced that he had recovered.

Kim is an avid collector of fine vintage watches. Some of his watches from his personal collection have been featured in some of his films.

title: Daniel Dae Kim


text:
Toronto—St. Paul's (federal electoral district)

'''Toronto—St. Paul's''' is a federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Before the 2015 election, the riding was known as St. Paul's.

The small but densely populated riding covers the area to the north and northwest of Downtown Toronto, often called Midtown Toronto. Prior to the 2006 election, the riding was for forty years a federal “bellwether” riding: always voting for the party that would form the next government. The seat was also a Liberal stronghold for 30 years starting with the 1993 Liberal landslide. The streak was broken in a by-election on June 24, 2024, when Conservative candidate Don Stewart won the seat after it was vacated by the resignation of Carolyn Bennett.

Geography
As of 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding includes the southern two-thirds of the wealthy Toronto neighbourhood of Forest Hill, plus the neighbourhoods of Deer Park, Davisville Village, Chaplin Estates, South Hill, Humewood-Cedarvale, the southern two-thirds of Fairbank, and the northern half of Summerhill.

In the last couple of federal elections, the Liberals have been strong throughout the riding, but were particular strong in Fairbank and in Rosehill (a sub neighbourhood of Deer Park). There were also especially strong in Davisville Village in 2019, but this support has dropped. The weakest neighbourhood in both elections was Forest Hill, which is the strongest neighbourhood for the Conservatives. For the NDP, their strongest neighbourhoods have been Davenport, Tarragon Village and Humewood.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will gain the remainder of Davisville Village from Don Valley West, the area north of the CPR (Moore Park area) in University—Rosedale, and will lose the area south of Vaughan Road and west of Winona Drive (in Oakwood Village) to the riding of Davenport.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 63.9% White, 6.3% South Asian, 6.0% Black, 5.0% Chinese, 4.5% Filipino, 4.1% Latin American, 2.0% West Asian, 1.8% Korean, 1.1% Indigenous, 1.0% Arab, 1.0% Southeast Asian

Languages: 62.3% English, 3.7% Spanish, 2.9% Portuguese, 2.2% Tagalog, 1.8% French, 1.8% Mandarin, 1.6% Italian, 1.5% Russian, 1.5% Persian, 1.3% Korean, 1.3% Cantonese

Religions: 40.9% Christian (21.1% Catholic, 3.7% Anglican, 3.5% Christian Orthodox, 2.1% United Church, 10.5% Other), 15.1% Jewish, 3.7% Muslim, 3.2% Hindu, 1.1% Buddhist, 34.8% None

Median income: $50,400 (2020)

Average income: $96,000 (2020)

History
The riding of Toronto—St. Pauls was created in 1933 from parts of the Toronto East Centre, Toronto Northeast, Toronto South and Toronto West Centre ridings.

It consisted initially of the central part of the City of Toronto ("Downtown Toronto"). It was bounded on the south by Toronto Bay, on the east by Sherbourne Street and on the north and west by a line drawn from Sherbourne Street west along Bloor Street, north along Yonge Street, northwest along the belt line railway, south and west along the western limit of the city, south along Dunvegan Road, east along St. Clair Avenue, south along Poplar Plains Road, west along Dupont Street, south along St. George and Beverley Streets, east along Queen Street, south along John Street.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of the part of the city of Toronto bounded on the south by Toronto Bay, on the east by a line drawn from the Bay north along Sherbourne Street, west along Bloor Street East and north along Yonge Street, on the north by the south boundary of Ward Nine of the city of Toronto, and on the west by a line drawn from the Bay north on John Street, west along Queen Street West, north on Beverley Street and along St. George Street, east along Dupont Street, north along Davenport Road and Poplar Plains Road, west along St. Clair Avenue West, north along Dunvegan Road, east and north along the city limit to the southern boundary of Ward Nine.

In 1966, the southern part of the riding, what would be considered to be "Downtown Toronto" was removed from the electoral district (added to Rosedale electoral district) and the riding was shifted northward redefined to consist of the part of Metropolitan Toronto bounded by a line drawn from Bloor Street, north along Yonge Street, northwest along the Canadian National Railway line, north along Elmsthorpe Avenue, west along Eglinton Avenue, north along Castlewood Road, west along Briar Hill Avenue, south along Old Park Road and Glen Cedar Road, southeast along Claxton Boulevard, south along Bathurst Street and east along Bloor Street to Yonge Street.

In 1976, the riding lost its territory south of CP Railway to Spadina, while its eastern boundary was moved to Yonge Street, taking in a chunk of Eglinton, and its western boundary was shifted westward, following (from south to north) Christie Street, St. Clair Avenue, Humewood Drive, the Toronto city limit, Vaughan Road, Eglinton Avenue and the city limit again, taking in parts of York South and Trinity.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the part of the cities of Toronto and York bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway line north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Eglinton Avenue West, north and east along the eastern limit of the City of York, east and north along the northern limit of the City of Toronto, south along Yonge Street and westerly along the CPR line to Ossington Avenue (removing lands between the CPR lands and Bloor Street).

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the part of the cities of Toronto and York bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Eglinton Avenue West, north along the eastern limit of the City of York, east along the northern limit of the City of Toronto, south along Bathurst Street, southeast along the Belt Line (formerly the Canadian National Railway), east along Eglinton Avenue West, north along Yonge Street, east along Broadway Avenue, south and east along the eastern limit of the City of Toronto, west along the south side of the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, south along the ravine situated east of Avoca Avenue, west along Rosehill Avenue, south and east along the west side of the Rosehill Reservoir, west along Woodlawn Avenue East, south along Yonge Street, and west along the Canadian Pacific Railway to Ossington Avenue.

In 2003, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Toronto bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Holland Park Avenue, north along Oakwood Avenue, west along Rogers Road, north along Dufferin Street, east along Eglinton Avenue West, north along Yonge Street, east along Broadway Avenue, south along the former eastern limit of the City of Toronto, west along the south side of the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, southeast along the Don River Tributary situated east of Avoca Avenue, west along Rosehill Avenue, south along the west side of the Rosehill Reservoir, west along Jackes Avenue, south along Yonge Street and west along the Canadian Pacific Railway to Ossington Avenue.

In the 2012 electoral redistribution, St. Paul's lost territory to Don Valley West, gained a small fraction from Davenport and was renamed Toronto—St. Paul's.

Churches named for St. Paul in the electoral district
From its creation until 1966, the electoral district included two prominent churches named for St. Paul the apostle: St. Paul's, Bloor Street at 227 Bloor Street East, which is the largest Anglican church in Toronto by seating capacity; and St. Paul's-Avenue Road United Church at Avenue Road and Webster Avenue, which was the church of many of Toronto's elite. The electoral district ceased to include 227 Bloor Street East after a redefinition of the district's boundaries in 1966. In 1980, the congregation at St. Paul's-Avenue Road United Church moved to 427 Bloor Street West during a church merger creating Trinity-St. Paul's United Church. The electoral district ceased to include 427 Bloor Street West after a boundary redefinition in 1987. Therefore, Toronto—St. Paul's no longer contains a St. Paul's.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

St. Paul's, 1935–2015
* Comparison to total of Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance vote in 2000. Votes compared to 2000 transposed result.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election.

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.


text: User talk:24.210.22.121

title: User talk:24.210.22.121


text:
Talk:Muthulakshmi

Why the redirect? Was the article poorly written? - Lifefeed 22:55, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

Independent article
The subject deserves independent article, as she is discussed widely in media and known as wife of Veerappan, the forest brigand. Other editors can give their opinion for independent articleRayabhari (talk) 09:05, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

 * It is a seperate article now. Thank you for your suggestion. Beebotz (talk) 23:20, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muthulakshmi


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User talk:Carr

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Proposed deletion of Carlo Pezzati

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File source problem with File:Mayor Carlo Pezzati.jpg
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title: User talk:Carr