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User talk:Stefanfraczek

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Stefanfraczek


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Tablet (newspaper)

Tablet was a bi-weekly alternative newspaper in Seattle, Washington published from 2000 to 2005. Tablet's focus was on the music, arts, politics and culture of the Pacific Northwest.

History
Founded by co-op of writers and publishers, its first issue came out on October 1, 2000. The paper began as a bi-weekly newspaper with a print run of 20,000. It was distributed for free at rock clubs, record stores, galleries and similar businesses, as well as to newsstands and newspaper boxes. Distribution included the Northwest cities of Seattle, Portland, Spokane, Bellingham, Tacoma, Bellevue, Vancouver and Olympia. Its main rivals were the Seattle Weekly and The Stranger. In the Utne Reader's 2001 Alternative Press Awards, Tablet won the Reader's Choice award for "Best New Title." Guest writers for Tablet included Margaret Cho and Public Enemy's Chuck D.

In March 2004, the paper's owners De Kwok, Eric Hildebrandt, Dan Halligan and Sarah Sherman, relaunched the paper as a monthly glossy covered magazine. The magazine was higher profile than the newspaper and included more fashion and music coverage. Tablet worked extensively with the Rat City Rollergirls, Bumbershoot, the Seattle Erotic Art Festival, Vain, Three Imaginary Girls, the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, KEXP, Seattle Art Museum, Henry Art Museum, Seattle International Film Festival, Seattle Public Libraries, Roq La Rue, Richard Hugo House, Grand Illusion Cinema, I Heart Rummage, Home Alive, the Independent Media Center and most of Seattle's alternative music venues. Tablet folded in September 2005 after its 103rd issue.

title: Tablet (newspaper)


text: Category:636 births

title: Category:636 births


text:
User:Gargaj

Edit counter since 2004 October 19

Lulzy articles

 * Grunting in tennis
 * Mozart and scatology
 * List of Guantanamo Bay detainees accused of possessing Casio watches
 * List of cookies
 * List of lists of lists
 * List of Presidents of the United States with facial hair
 * List of animals with fraudulent diplomas
 * List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
 * Index of drinking establishment-related articles
 * Toilet god
 * For lunch, some wat with some fufu and some blaa.

hu:User:Gargaj

title: User:Gargaj


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User talk:Gargaj

Write here. --Gargaj 23:10, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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Speedy deletion nomination of Cloudkicker

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Nomination of Cloudkicker for deletion
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Article Superstition in Judaism has been nominated for deletion
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Thanks and regards Bookku (talk) 05:10, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Commando Libya

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Tuba Smarties, why uncited?
Hello. Why uncited? I did quote the references in the booklets about the origins of the song. Ugo1970 (talk) 17:07, 16 December 2021 (UTC)

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Cyberaktif
I reverted your edits to Cyberaktif because the subject is not notable. Chris Troutman ( talk )  21:15, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

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Your submission at Articles for creation: The Soccer Tournament 2023 has been accepted
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/North Garden

North Garden was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete. Postdlf 04:24, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

North Garden
This is about a web cartoon based on South Park; a search for "North Garden" "web cartoon" gets no google hits, and according to the page, availability fluctuates based on server performance. Sorry, but this doesn't have a wide enough audience for an entry. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:12, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Is famous with exactly one person, it's creator. DeleteWyllium 23:35, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC)
 * It was, according to this article, "unofficially created". It doesn't even seem convinced of its own notability. Delete. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 23:52, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not notable, and apparently not extant. Geogre 00:28, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonnotable. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:53, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:33 births

title: Category:33 births


text:
Ian Somerhalder

Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American retired actor. He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in ABC's science fiction adventure drama television series Lost (2004–2010) and Damon Salvatore in the CW supernatural teen drama series The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017).

Early life
Ian Joseph Somerhalder was born on December 8, 1978, in Covington, Louisiana, United States. His mother, Edna (Israel), is a massage therapist of half Choctaw and half Irish descent originally from Mississippi, while his father, Robert Somerhalder Sr., is an independent building contractor with Cajun ancestry. He is the second of three children, with an older brother and a younger sister.

Somerhalder graduated from Saint Paul's School, a private school in Covington. He embarked on a modeling career from age 10 to 13. His parents divorced when he was 14, and he subsequently lived with his mother. At age 17, Somerhalder decided to refocus on acting and began studying with acting teacher William Esper.

Career
In the summer of 2000, Somerhalder starred in the short-lived WB series Young Americans, a spin-off of Dawson's Creek. He played Hamilton Fleming, the son of the dean of a prestigious boarding school. In 2002, Somerhalder played bisexual character Paul Denton in Roger Avary's adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis' novel, The Rules of Attraction, alongside James Van Der Beek, Shannyn Sossamon, and Jessica Biel.

In 2004, Somerhalder scored his breakthrough role when he played Boone Carlyle in Lost. Despite his character's death in the twentieth episode of the first season, he returned to the role of Boone for seven more episodes between 2005 and 2010, including the series finale. He was the first major character to die. Following his departure from the show, ABC signed him to another one-year contract. In 2005, he stated that being a part of Lost was "the greatest experience" of "the greatest year of his life".

In 2009, Somerhalder appeared in the movie The Tournament where he played the role of an assassin participating in a lethal competition with other assassins. He appears in the coffee table book About Face by celebrity photographer John Russo. Also in 2009, Somerhalder began playing the role of Vampire Damon Salvatore as a series regular in The CW television drama series The Vampire Diaries. The series premiere attracted The CW's highest premiere ratings of any season premiere since the network began in 2006. The series has continued to be the highest-rated series on its channel with both his performance and the show receiving a positive response from critics. He began directing The Vampire Diaries in its third season and produced the series at the start of season 8. He received several Teen Choice Award's and a People's Choice Award for his participation on the series.

Somerhalder acted in the short subject Time Framed (2013). He played Dr. Luther Swann as a series regular in the Netflix science fiction horror series V Wars, which ran from 2019 to 2020.

In 2020, Somerhalder shot footage for and served as an executive producer on the film Kiss the Ground, a documentary centered on regenerative agriculture. He returned as an executive producer on its follow-up documentary, Common Ground, in 2023.

In a 2024 interview, Somerhalder revealed that he had retired from acting a while back after relocating outside of Los Angeles, though he would still be involved in producing and environmental activism.

Foundations and causes

Somerhalder was involved in the cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling disaster on April 22, 2010. His efforts included cleaning of oiled wildlife and taping public service announcements to let the public know how they could help. Somerhalder also supports the St. Tammany Humane Society, an organization for animal shelter and welfare. On November 13, 2010, he hosted a Bash on the Bayou charity fundraiser for the Society. During the event, Somerhalder was presented with a donation of $11,100 by The Vampire Diaries fandom for his birthday project.

Together with his The Vampire Diaries co-stars Candice Accola and Michael Trevino, Somerhalder supports the It Gets Better Project, which makes it a goal to prevent suicide among LGBT youth associated with The Trevor Project. For his second campaign, Somerhalder teamed up with The Vampire Diaries co-star Paul Wesley to release a limited edition shirt designed by a fan, with the words "Blood Brothers Since 1864." This campaign sold almost 10,000 shirts.

On December 8, 2010, Somerhalder's 32nd birthday, he launched the "Ian Somerhalder Foundation" which he hopes will educate people on the importance of protecting the environment and animals: "Instead of gifts this year, my birthday wish is that we come together and raise funds to support projects that protect our habitat and nurture our furry friends. To spread awareness for his foundation, Somerhalder sponsors and often walks in Mardi Paws, a parade and organization held in his hometown of Covington. He opposes GMO foods and factory farming, and supports ecologist Allan Savory in his crusade to let cows graze in sync with nature to enrich soil, enhance biodiversity, and reverse climate change. In 2011, Somerhalder visited Savory in Africa and announced he was making a documentary about him with the goal of winning him a Nobel Prize.

Somerhalder is also a celebrity campaigner for RYOT, a Los Angeles-based media company known for RYOT.org, its cause-based, take action online news source.

Personal life
Somerhalder dated his Vampire Diaries co-star Nina Dobrev from 2010 to 2013. In 2014, he began dating actress Nikki Reed. They married on April 26, 2015, in Malibu, California. They had a daughter in 2017 a son in 2023.

Somerhalder has remained close friends with his former The Vampire Diaries co-star Paul Wesley, and in 2020, they announced the launch of a straight bourbon whiskey named Brother's Bond Bourbon.

title: Ian Somerhalder


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Avena (demogroup)

Avena (demogroup) was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 7 votes to delete. Postdlf 04:16, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Avena (demogroup)

 * Delete. Not notable, not even within the uber-niche German Atari ST demoscene. GRider 01:03, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Underground group without names serving a small niche of a niche.... Not notable. Geogre 00:29, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 00:31, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nadavspi 01:36, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. jni 13:34, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Reminds me of GNAA. --Improv 18:30, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonnotable. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:48, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:968 deaths

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text: User talk:82.41.25.165

title: User talk:82.41.25.165


text: User talk:198.153.152.135

title: User talk:198.153.152.135


text:
Fritz Heider

Fritz Heider (19 February 1896 – 2 January 1988) was an Austrian psychologist whose work was related to the Gestalt school. In 1958 he published The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, which expanded upon his creations of balance theory and attribution theory. This book presents a wide-range analysis of the conceptual framework and the psychological processes that influence human social perception (Malle, 2008). It had taken 15 years to complete; before it was completed it had already circulated through a small group of social psychologists.

Biography
Heider was born in Vienna, Austria on February 19, 1896, but he grew up in Graz. During his childhood, Heider sustained a serious eye injury which later turned him quite serious and shy in his adolescence. Because of his injury, Heider avoided the draft during World War I.

With his father's encouragement, Heider enrolled to study architecture at the University of Graz. After growing tired of studying architecture, Heider attempted to study law at Graz as well but eventually became tired of both subjects. Since he really liked to learn for its own sake, he struck a deal with his father and proceeded to audit courses at the university for four years. Gradually, he eventually became more interested in psychology and philosophy. At the age of 24 he received a Ph.D. from the University of Graz, for his innovative study of the causal structure of perception including his work on Thing and Medium on the psychology of perception. Afterwards, he traveled to Berlin, where he attended lectures at the Psychology Institute. There, Heider's studies focused on the Gestalt psychology of Wolfgang Koehler, Max Wertheimer and Kurt Lewin.

In 1927 he accepted a position at the University of Hamburg, whose faculty included the psychologist William Stern and Ernst Cassirer, the philosopher whose thinking on the role of theory in science had an important influence on Kurt Lewin.

In 1930, Heider was offered an opportunity to conduct research at the Clarke School for the Deaf Northampton, Massachusetts, which was associated with Smith College, also in Northampton. This prospect was particularly attractive to him because Kurt Koffka, one of the founders of the Gestalt school of psychology, held a position at Smith College (Heider, 1983).

It was in Northampton that he met his wife Grace (née Moore). Grace was one of the first people Heider met in the United States. As an assistant to Koffka, she helped Heider find an apartment in Northampton and introduced him to the environs (Heider, 1983). They were married in 1930, and the marriage lasted for more than 50 years. The couple had three sons: Karl, John, and Stephan. His son Karl Heider went on to become an important contributor to visual anthropology and ethnographic film whereas his son John wrote the popular The Tao of Leadership.

In 1948, Heider was recruited to the University of Kansas, by social psychologist Roger Barker (Heider, 1983). He remained in Kansas for the remainder of his life. In 1983, Heider documented his personal, career developments and achievements in his autobiography The Life of a Psychologist: An Autobiography. He died at his home in Lawrence, Kansas, on 2 January 1988 at the age of 91. His intellectual legacy still lives on. His wife of 57 years, Grace, died in 1995. His son John died in 2010.

Work
Heider published two important articles in 1944 that pioneered the concepts of social perception and causal attribution: Social perception and phenomenal causality, and, with co-author Marianne Simmel, An experimental study of apparent behavior. Heider would publish little else for the next 14 years.

In 1958, at the University of Kansas, Heider published his most famous work, which remains his most significant contribution to the field of social psychology. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations was written in collaboration with the uncredited Beatrice Wright, a founder of rehabilitation psychology. Wright was available to collaborate because the University of Kansas's nepotism rules prohibited her from a position at the university (her husband, Erik Wright, was a professor), and the Ford Foundation gave Heider funds and assistance to complete the project. (Wright is credited only in the foreword; she later went on to become an endowed professor of psychology at the University of Kansas). In his book, Heider presented a wide-ranging analysis of the conceptual framework and the psychological processes that undergird human social perception.

The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations pioneered attribution theory. A giant of social psychology, Heider had few students, but his book on social perception had many readers, and its impact continues into the 21st Century, having been cited over 26,000 times. Heider introduced two theories that correspond to his two articles from 1944: attribution theory and cognitive balance. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations illuminates a sophisticated approach toward naive or common-sense psychology.

In The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, Heider argued that social perception follows many of the same rules of physical object perception, and that the organization found in object perception is also found in social perception. Because biases in object perception sometimes lead to errors (e.g., optical illusions), one might expect to find that biases in social perception likewise lead to errors (e.g., underestimating the role social factors and overestimating the effect of personality and attitudes on behavior).

Heider also argued that perceptual organization follows the rule of psychological balance. Although tedious to spell out in completeness, the idea is that positive and negative sentiments need to be represented in ways that minimize ambivalence and maximize a simple, straightforward effective representation of the person. He writes "To conceive of a person as having positive and negative traits requires a more sophisticated view; it requires a differentiation of the representation of the person into subparts that are of unlike value (1958, p. 182)."

But the most influential idea in The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations is the notion of how people see the causes of behavior, and the explanations they make for it—what Heider called "attributions".

Attribution theory (as one part of the larger and more complex Heiderian account of social perception) describes how people come to explain (make attributions about) the behavior of others and themselves. Behavior is attributed to a disposition (e.g., personality traits, motives, attitudes), or behavior can be attributed to situations (e.g., external pressures, social norms, peer pressure, accidents of the environment, acts of God, random chance, etc.) Heider first made the argument that people tend to overweight internal, dispositional causes over external causes—this later became known as the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977) or correspondence bias (Fiske & Taylor, 1991; Jones, 1979, 1990).

Although he published little else, he kept voluminous notebooks which contained his reflections on psychology. These were subsequently edited in six volumes by Marijana Benesh-Weiner, a former student of Heider, who worked with Heider in organizing the collection for publication.(Heider & Benesh-Weiner, 1987a, 1987b, 1988, 1989a, 1989b, 1990).

The Cognition-Emotion Linkage
Although Fritz Heider's notebooks do not contain a specific theory on emotions, his notes do contain evidence of his beliefs on a cognition-emotion link and a fundamental logic that underlies all experiences of emotional states. Heider also points out that emotions may influence or alter cognitive states among some people. Heider also offered many definitions of emotional states and key properties that characterized these states. The emotions which Heider had a particular interest in are those which are considered interpersonal such as: anger and vengeance, sorrow and pity, gratitude, love, envy and jealousy. Heider primarily argued that in cases where one's fundamental logic appears to be contradicted by something else, a much fuller analysis of the particular situation must take place.

In relation to anger, Heider's notes consider cases in which a violated "ought" was to be a critical component in the arousal of anger and then follow an observation of the emotional reaction produced once that component is met. He notes how anger and annoyance create a paradox when someone feels social pressure to do what they know they "ought" to do. Heider considers this a paradox because within his general theory of balance, two forces acting in agreement should form a balanced structure and balanced structures should in turn produce positive rather than negative effects. Force one is social pressure and force two is the "ought" force, which both act in the same direction. The direction of the two forces should create harmony but in turn they create the opposite. Heider noted that the feeling of violation, particular to that of a violated "ought", was a cognitive antecedent that characterized angered states. However, he also noted that cognition does not always seem to be a necessary condition for producing anger.

In relation to gratitude, Heider also points out necessary antecedents. He states that gratitude depends not only on receiving help but also on the perception of the intent of the help received as well as the perceived reason for the positive intent which has the power to modify and influence the causal attribution. Heider mentions that the need for one to maintain balanced states can affect the experience of gratitude as well as other emotions. In his notebook, he raises the question of why someone might be hesitant to accept a gift from a hated individual and later goes on to explain how one would rather keep the hatred felt toward the individual than have to mix it up with gratitude.

In addition to the work mentioned above, Heider explains how there seems to be some cognitive schema that has both a general and pervasive influence which led to the simplification of perception. In his notebook, Heider explains how people have a tendency to believe in the equalization of the future. Individuals who hold the idea of a "constant sum", have a skewed view of their life experiences. Heider argued that this skewed pervading cognitive schemas lead to a simplification of life experiences. In his final notes on emotions, Heider recognizes a bidirectional influence between thought and affect stating that emotions alter cognition but there is also a possibility that emotions may also arouse needs.

Impact
There have been many reviews of his work. Others include the work by Miles Hewstone published in 1989. and the review published in the Review of General Psychology in 2007.

Awards
He received many honors, including the American Psychological Association (APA) Distinguished Contribution Award, the Gold Medal for Scholarly Accomplishment in Psychological Science presented by the American Psychological Foundation, and election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Key works

 * Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
 * Heider, F. (1983). The life of a psychologist: An autobiography. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
 * Heider, F., and M. Benesh-Weiner. (1987-1990). Fritz Heider: The Notebooks: Volumes 1-6. Springer. ISBN 978-0387912998
 * Heider, F. (1983). The life of a psychologist: An autobiography. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
 * Heider, F., and M. Benesh-Weiner. (1987-1990). Fritz Heider: The Notebooks: Volumes 1-6. Springer. ISBN 978-0387912998

title: Fritz Heider


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Linda (Futurama)

Linda (Futurama) was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 15 votes to delete. Postdlf 04:21, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Linda (Futurama)
I'm one of the biggest fans of Futurama that's ever lived, and Linda is a spot-on impression of Mary Hart from Entertainment Tonight. But she's not deserving of an article. Delete, no merge or redirect, because all pertinent info is already on the Futurama article. Ian Pugh 23:17, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not enough detail possible for a real article. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:57, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Morbo says delete. Geogre 00:26, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * WINDMILLS DO NOT WORK THAT WAY! Ian Pugh 00:40, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * No future for this article. Delete. Wyllium 01:00, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not needed. See Futurama. Nadavspi 01:33, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Minor comic relief character. Delete since information is redundant. -- Cyrius|✎ 13:23, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Kittens give Morbo gas. In lighter news, the article on Linda is doomed. Delete. Average Earthman 13:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. --Improv 18:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:49, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Fire Star 20:23, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 17:15 Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Morbo agrees: Delete Ha, ha, ha. Neuropedia 00:23, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)
 * Delete. --JimQ 14:24, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Obliterate -Joseph (Talk) 02:55, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)
 * Delete due to redundancy. Radman1 04:01, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:French words and phrases

Phonetic spelling problems
These have to be the least helpful phonetic spellings I've seen in a long time. I don't speak French, and with the given phonetic spellings, I doubt I would pronounce these words properly.

I at least can count to 10 in French, so I know how those are really pronounced, but the pronunciations I would infer from what's written here are way off. In fact, they're so far off from how I believe the French word to be pronounced that I would not only say this page is unhelpful, but that it conveys false information. For example, 6 rhymes with "fleece", not with "mice", and 9 is not two syllables.

For example, spelling the syllable "enne" as "enne" is only begging the question, though I suppose it would be pronounced "en". Remember, you're not spelling these words for French speakers, who after all already know how to pronounce all of them, but for English speakers.

Don't use "c" in phonetic spelling. From English intuition, I would pronounce "canne" with a hard c and short a, like the word "can", and "cenne" with a soft c, like "sen". But "ameri-sen" doesn't sound right, and I think "canne" is supposed to be "kahn". In fact, I'm willing to bet that a lot of these a's are in fact an "ah" sound, not the short a of "cat", which English speakers will assume by default.

"di" is ambiguous; I'd pronounce it "dee", but I'm almost certain that "dih" was meant.

"sese" would be pronounced like "cease" or maybe "seize", by analogy to other long-e words.

"jze" bears no resemblance to English orthography at all. The sound you're looking for is spelled "zh", not "jz".

Yes, trying to give unambiguous pronunciations to English speakers is difficult and ugly, but given that it seems to be most of the point of this article, you should at least try.

RSpeer 23:18, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

See: Manual of Style/Pronunciation. Hyacinth (talk) 20:46, 30 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:French words and phrases


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Formula One/To-do

The following is a to-do list for WikiProject Formula One. It includes tasks which need done, but do not fit on WikiProject Formula One/Task template.

 [edit] WPF1 open tasks:

Feel free to add any task to this list. If you remove a task from the template, please replace it with one listed here.

Article requests

 * Indication in table pilot died during race or practise
 * Indication in table pilot suffered injuries during race or practice
 * Indication in table a mechanic got injured @teams respectively during race or practise
 * Indication in table a mechanic died @teams respectively race or practise
 * F1 Race Stewards
 * I'm not convinced this warrants a separate article, but if it does, the title should probably be Formula One race stewards. DH85868993 (talk) 03:10, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

I have a feeling that this page should be created, you could create a sandbox for this page and I can help you edit the page, This page could use its own info box, not sure how to make one though. Lewishamiltonheikki (talk) 14:19, 4 June 2012 (UTC) Or just make a list of 'List of races affected by rain', could briefly explain about what the teams do for wet weather. Lewishamiltonheikki (talk) 13:43, 4 June 2012 (UTC)
 * All the bodies within the FIA
 * Aerodynamicists and designers
 * Addition to Farm team to include F1's use of GP2 or similar teams for the same purpose (Red Bull? Jordan?) Trekphiler 09:12, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I've added something, but I doubt it's enough, just a few sentences. Noobleton (talk) 18:20, 8 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Alistair Watkins -- Mal 22:08, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Rain in Formula One - Might include information about driving in the wet, car setup for wet conditions, differences in pit stop strategies, notorious rainy races, etc. --NaBUru38 (talk) 01:02, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Would need to consider these discussions about wet races:

, ,
 * 1:10 radio-controlled Formula One car - Became an European championship on its own in 2016, can be used to explain chassis regulations, history (invented by Tamiya in 1977 when it introduced their model of Tyrrell P34) (notable example of this class is the recent Tamiya F104) - will provide link of sources (old hobby magazines) later.

Articles that need to be copyedited

 * Nicky Pastorelli
 * Vincenzo Sospiri
 * MF1 Racing
 * Super Aguri F1
 * Minardi
 * Forti
 * Andrea de Cesaris, especially concerning prose
 * Prost–Senna rivalry, specifically concerning prose

Major project-wide activities to be completed

 * Add race summaries to all race report articles which don't have them (which is most races before about 2004)
 * Add qualifying results to all race report articles which don't have them (which is most races before about 2005)

Minor activities / Corrections across the project

 * In most cases, references to years should link to the relevant World Championship page rather than to the general year page. So "2005" should link to 2005 Formula One season rather than 2005. The F1 template is an efficient way to achieve this.
 * Update all F1 car articles to use template:Racing car.
 * Check the race times and time/lap gaps for all the F1 race reports against the "Results Archive" section of www.formula1.com and correct as necessary.
 * Remaining to do: 1970-1973, 1977-1980, 1994 onwards

 * Add race report articles into the relevant " in " category, e.g. 2007 Australian Grand Prix is included in Category:2007 in Australia. Use a sort key of "Grand Prix", e.g. the entry in 2007 Australian Grand Prix is . Note that you may need to create the category; if so, copy an existing "Year in" category for the same country and just change the year number as appropriate.
 * ''Done so far: 1989-1993

 * For all race report articles, add a reference to the race results at www.formula1.com to the "References" section. See 1966 Dutch Grand Prix for an example.
 * ''Done so far: 1950-1952, 1966-1970

 * For all race report articles, add flags where they are not present, and replace the old links with the right ones (for example: replace Lotus with Lotus )
 * ''Done so far: 1964-1967

 * Race reports should have a tabulation of the constructors points totals
 * As far as I'm aware, all the World Championship race reports from 1958 onwards already have Constructors' Championship points tables (noting that the Constructors' Championship only started in 1958). DH85868993 (talk) 09:08, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

 * If someone possibly can check consecutive laps led for Max Verstappen since 2023 Miami forwards? Mentioned by Martin Brundle during Canada Race, that he reached 200 laps. User:Michalis2504 22:20, 18 June 2023
 * It's been updated at List_of_Formula_One_driver_records. This article is updated after every race, but as you might imagine, it doesn't occur immediately as soon as the race finishes. DH85868993 (talk) 21:30, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

 * 2026 Rules Changes - Details are required Tehben1 (talk) 10:27, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Did you know?
New 'Did you knows' are welcome. One 'Did you know' is swapped onto portal:Formula One every Wednesday. Feel free to add a 'Did you know', or to swap them if it has not already been done here 4u1e 14:46, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Selected Article
Selected Articles for the Formula One portal should be of Good Article standard or above. As there are few F1 articles at this standard as yet, you can vote for an article to be subject to an improvement drive to get it up to the required standard. If this is achieved it will become the new F1 portal Selected Article. See here for how to vote. 4u1e 14:46, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

The current selected article is 1994 San Marino Grand Prix. The current candidate for improvement to GA standard and to be the next selected article is History of Formula One - feel free to join in. 4u1e 20:53, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Stubs that need to be expanded
For a complete list of F1-related stubs, see Category:Formula One stubs.

People

 * Jo Bauer
 * Sam Michael
 * Jarno Trulli - a bit short
 * Timo Glock
 * Ken Tyrrell
 * Bernd Maylander
 * Vincenzo Sospiri - i've had a go at adding some more to this about his early career before F1 Ashley89H (talk) 18:42, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Ron Tauranac
 * Jean Marie Balestre
 * Jean-Louis Schlesser
 * Sakon Yamamoto
 * Ryan Briscoe
 * Mario Theissen
 * Bob Bell

Events

 * Moroccan Grand Prix
 * Pescara Grand Prix
 * Swedish Grand Prix
 * Turkish Grand Prix
 * Mexican Grand Prix
 * Chinese Grand Prix

Other

 * Phoenix Finance - Expansion on the history of their bid to enter F1 in 2002.
 * FIA World Motor Sport Council - linked in 2005 United States Grand Prix
 * Petronas
 * Amon (Formula One team)
 * Circuit de Monaco - needs info about changes to the circuit over time, including addition of the chicane, reprofiling of the harbour, change of pits.
 * 2005 Malaysian Grand Prix - summary needed
 * Concorde Agreement - and related articles -- Note that reference to the actual document's publication was added 8 June 2007
 * Grand Prix World Championship
 * Grand Prix Manufacturers Association, which went online 18 Nov 2005
 * Mugen Motorsports (Mugen Honda redirects here)
 * 2004 Canadian Grand Prix Added Summary and reasons for Disqualification, possibly needs approval (I'm relatively new to this part of Wiki, just want to make sure it's been completed properly).
 * Fastest Lap
 * JBW
 * All race reports from 1990's - I've done all of 1994 and the beginning of 1995.
 * Williams FW16
 * Tyrrell 022
 * McLaren MP4-9
 * McLaren MP4-13
 * Footwork FA15
 * Lotus 107C
 * Lotus 109
 * Jordan 194
 * Larrousse LH94
 * Minardi M193B
 * Minardi M194
 * Ligier JS39B
 * Sauber C13
 * Simtek S941
 * Pacific PR01
 * Jordan 191
 * Red Bull RB9

Articles that need to be updated

 * 2024 Formula One season - Ongoing testing, plus the Honda situation should be monitored and updated on the article accordingly (regulations, races, etc, should now be up to date)

 * Aston Martin Cognizant F1 team still has no official team page that differentiates it from racing point as a team in it's own right. The Aston Martin page is confusingly titled 'Aston Martin in Formula One' as a historic account of the team. Though upon inspection, this page is suitable to be moved to an official Aston Martin Cognizant F1 page in it's own right to differentiate it from its former Racing Point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Seanmc 2002 (talk • contribs)
 * WP:F1 standard practice is to have a single article covering all of a manufacturer's involvement in Formula One, e.g.:
 * Renault in Formula One covers the 1977-1985 team, the 2002-2010 team and the 2016-2020 team
 * Mercedes-Benz in Formula One covers the 1954-1955 team and the 2010-2021 team
 * Honda in Formula One covers the 1964-1968 team and the 2006-2008 team
 * Therefore I think it's appropriate/in line with WP:F1 standard practice for Aston Martin in Formula One to cover both the 1959-1960 team and the 2021 team, and that we don't need a separate article for the 2021 team only, or that Aston Martin in Formula One should be renamed to "Aston Martin Cognizant F1 Team". DH85868993 (talk) 01:33, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

Articles that need images
Note that per Wikipedia policy, we need freely licensed (not copyrighted) photos of the following (we would be unable to claim fair use on them). Please note that most images you might find on the Internet are copyrighted and not appropriate for uploading to Wikipedia. If you did not create the image or are unable or unwilling to verify its copyright status, do not upload the image.

 * Andrea de Cesaris – later in life/career
 * Max Mosley – more recent picture
 * Jörg Zander – a picture of himself / face shot
 * 1994 San Marino Grand Prix – any of the following: Ayrton Senna in Williams overalls, Williams FW16 (with Number 2 not Number 0), Barrichello in Jordan overalls or the 1994 Simtek S941 (Number 32 car)
 * 1996 Monaco Grand Prix – image of David Coulthard in Michael Schumacher helmet would add to the page, near the trivia at the end
 * Paul Rosche

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Formula One/To-do


text:
Shindig

A shindig is a lively party; it may also refer to:

In media and entertainment

 * The Shindig, a 1930 Mickey Mouse cartoon
 * "Shindig", a 1963 instrumental by The Shadows
 * "Shindig" (Firefly), a television episode
 * Shindig!, a 1960s American music variety television show
 * Shindig!, a British monthly music magazine since 2015
 * Shindiggers, an Australian beat music band (1983–1987)

Other

 * Shindig, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in the United States
 * Shindig (software), a framework for web-based applications
 * Shindig (video chat platform)

title: Shindig


text:
User:Duap

jello! for president!

title: User:Duap


text: User talk:68.158.2.57

title: User talk:68.158.2.57


text: Talk:Case Western Reserve University

title: Talk:Case Western Reserve University


text:
Talk:Estudiantes de La Plata

Stadium Capacity
I had checked the stadium capacity here. I intended to write down the neighboorhood, not the address, that's why I wrote 'downtown' (Just like 'Nuñez' in River). On talk pages, people usually type 4 times tilde (~) to leave this: SpiceMan 20:57, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, so that's the trick... The picture on that site is the view from the "platea" (the best seats, east side) facing north-west. The deck you see is the 55 popular. Shivers down me spine!!! Also, most people will tell you there is no such thing as "downtown" La Plata, and that the stadium is located on the edge of the bosque. Of course the fans avoid that word as rivals Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata spring to mind (the western end of the Estudiantes stadium is not that far from the Gimnasia stadium).

 * For large games, Estudiantes has gone to play at the La Bombonera stadium of Boca Juniors.  elpincha 11:40, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Anonymous comment in the Article
Original text: A lot of people talks about the nickname "Pincharratas", but not too much knows that the really story begins with a famous fan nicknamed "El Pincharrata" who was a bodyguard of the first division team of Estudiantes in early century. Actually, the was two brothers called "pincharratas", Felipe and Eduardo Montedónica. The nick was extendend first to the team and then to the fans

I brought it here before deleting it from the article (poorly written). -Mariano 08:32, 2005 Jun 21 (UTC)
 * There are a few sources that point to this alternative origin, and it is not altogether implausible. The main article has been corrected, with better English. elpincha 13:36, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Data for checking
From La Nacion, 04Aug2005. Loaded here 'temporarily, for fact-checking only, under fair use

Carlos Bilardo

Nació el 16/3/1939, en Buenos Aires. Volante. Como jugador, estuvo en Estudiantes entre 1965 y 1970. Jugó 175 partidos y anotó 11 goles

Juan Ramón Verón

Nació el 17/3/1944, en La Plata. Delantero. En cuatro períodos, entre 1962 y 1981, jugó en Estudiantes 295 partidos y marcó 77 goles

Alberto Poletti

Nació el 20/7/1946, en Buenos Aires. Arquero. Estuvo en Estudiantes entre 1965 y 1970. Jugó 160 partidos

Carlos Pachamé

Nació el 25/2/1944, en Ensenada, Buenos Aires. Volante. En 273 partidos en Estudiantes, en dos períodos (1963/71 y 74/76), hizo seis goles

Eduardo Flores

Nació el 23/4/1944 en Ensenada, Buenos Aires. Delantero. Entre 1962 y 1971, vistió la camiseta de Estudiantes en 164 partidos. Marcó 65 goles

Raúl Madero

Nació el 21/5/1939, en Buenos Aires. Defensor. En Estudiantes actuó entre 1963 y 1969. Jugó 179 cotejos y anotó nueve goles

Hugo Gottardi

Nació el 31/7/1953, en Elortondo, Santa Fe. Delantero Jugó 310 partidos para Estudiantes, en los períodos 1976/83 y 1986/87. Convirtió 127 goles

Miguel A. Russo

Nació el 9/4/1956, en Lanús, Buenos Aires. Volante Hizo toda su carrera en Estudiantes, entre 1975 y 1988, con 420 partidos y 11 goles

Mariano Pavone

Nació el 24/5/1982, en Tres Sargentos, Buenos Aires. Delantero Debutó en Estudiantes en octubre de 2000. Jugó 106 partidos y convirtió 28 tantos

Mm, I think I asked you something about a player weather it was in Estudiantes or not, but can remember who... Sori! -Mariano 08:20, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Arrests after Milan match
The arrests were ordered by Ongania after Milan, not by Levingston after Feyenoord.

A good source for this is from the books "The Global Art of Soccer" by Richard Witzig, and "Fear and Loathing in World Football" by Gary Armstrong & Richard Giulianotti. The relevant parts of both books are available in Google Books. To find these, just enter "poletti aguirre suarez milan" in Google, and look for Google Books Results. elpincha (talk) 14:29, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Estudiantes de La Plata. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:08, 1 May 2021 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Estudiantes de La Plata


text: User talk:68.96.75.47

title: User talk:68.96.75.47


text:
User talk:Bong

Image:P1096446529568Stal.Bcr.1.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:P1096446529568Stal.Bcr.1.jpeg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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title: User talk:Bong


text:
The Wayans Bros.

The Wayans Bros. is an American sitcom television series that aired on The WB from January 11, 1995, to May 20, 1999. The series starred real life brothers Shawn and Marlon Wayans, comedian John Witherspoon and Anna Maria Horsford (season 2 onward).

Premise
Shawn and Marlon Williams (Shawn Wayans and Marlon Wayans) are brothers who live in an apartment on 117th Street in Harlem. Shawn owns a local newsstand, where he and his brother Marlon work on a daily basis. Their father, John "Pops" Williams (John Witherspoon), owns a diner called Pops' Joint, where Marlon once worked (during season 1). Formerly located in Harlem, the restaurant was later moved downtown into the fictional Neidermeyer Building, in Rockefeller Center, where Shawn's newsstand is located and Dee Baxter (Anna Maria Horsford (onwards from Season 2)) works as a security guard.

Season 2 transitions
Many transitions were made in season 2:
 * Shawn's former girlfriend, Lisa Saunders (Lela Rochon), did not return for the rest of the series.
 * Monique (Paula Jai Parker), a local shopkeeper and Marlon's love interest, did not return after the eleventh episode. Parker first appeared as a love interest of Marlon's in the Season 1 episode "Pulp Marlon". She was only a guest star for this one episode.
 * Lou (Jill Tasker), the former security guard, left after the tenth episode and was replaced by Dee Baxter (Anna Maria Horsford).
 * White Mike (Mitch Mullany), Shawn and Marlon's ghetto white neighbour, appeared for six episodes of Season 2. He was slated to appear as a recurring character for the rest of the series, but actor Mitch Mullany ended up getting his own show Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher.
 * Shawn formerly worked for APS; in Season 2, he works at his newsstand.
 * Marlon was working with Pops at the diner, but in Season 2, he works at the newsstand with Shawn.
 * Pops' Joint was a standalone restaurant, where he hired Marlon and Benny, the cook, during Season 1. However, in Season 2, the eatery was moved into the Neidermeyer Building, in Rockefeller Center. It was also revealed that Pops' Joint was a historical landmark for the nation's leaders and activists of the Civil Rights Movement.

Main

 * Shawn Wayans as Shawn Williams, a womanizing, stylish and responsible young bachelor and Marlon's older brother. He is an owner of his own local newsstand.
 * Marlon Wayans as Marlon Williams, Shawn's dimwitted, immature, sex crazed, unsanitary and lazy younger brother, who also works at the newsstand.
 * John Witherspoon as John "Pops" Williams, Shawn and Marlon's dysfunctional tacky father, who owns his locally famed diner, which is right by Shawn and Marlon's newsstand.
 * Anna Maria Horsford as Deirdre "Dee" Baxter (seasons 2–5), the tough security guard and Shawn, Marlon and Pops' close friend.
 * Lela Rochon as Lisa Saunders (season 1)
 * Paula Jai Parker as Monique (season 2, episodes 1–11)
 * Jill Tasker as Lou Malino (season 2, episodes 1–7)

Recurring

 * Phill Lewis as Thelonious "T.C." Capricornio (seasons 2–5)
 * Mitch Mullany as White Mike (season 2)
 * Ja'Net DuBois as Grandma Ellington (seasons 3–4)
 * Jermaine 'Huggy' Hopkins as Dupree (seasons 3–5)

Production
The Wayans Bros. was the first of the four sitcoms that aired as part of the original Wednesday night two hour lineup that helped launch the network (along with Unhappily Ever After, The Parent 'Hood and the short-lived Muscle). While in development, the series' working title was initially supposed to have been Brother to Brother, before the name of the series changed to The Wayans Bros.

In the show's second season in 1995, Pops' Joint (the restaurant owned by Shawn and Marlon's father, John "Pops" Williams) was moved into the Neidermeyer Building, where the location was changed from Harlem to Rockefeller Center, Manhattan.

While the series did not end on a cliffhanger, it was cancelled in 1999 due to declining ratings and was not given a proper finale. In the horror comedy film Scary Movie (2000), Shawn Wayans' character, while furiously stabbing another character to death, breaks the fourth wall and says: "And The Wayans Bros. was a good show, man! It was a good-ass show, and we didn't even get a final episode!"

Theme music and opening sequence
The show's official opening title began with Shawn and Marlon on the steps of a brownstone apartment building, donning afros and wearing 1970s preppy attire, moving in rhythm to an accompanying satirical music piece that's supposed to have a 1970s style "urban" sitcom theme song feel. Marlon forcefully smacks the camera, and then segues into "the real opening" of The Wayans Bros.

The scene then cuts to them with their normal clothes and trying to help an old woman who gets hit by a bus. The camera then shows the brothers inside the bus with the title of the show underneath them. The "second half" part of The Wayans Bros. theme song was changed twice throughout its four-year run (1995–1999). In the first two seasons, the show's theme song was A Tribe Called Quest's "Electric Relaxation".

In the third season, the theme song changed to a four-second hip hop beat. In the final two seasons, the show's theme song was changed again to a regular hip hop instrumental beat (which was produced by the Wayans Bros. & Omar Epps). In Brazilian reruns of seasons one and two episodes that have aired in SBT in 2015, this version replaced the seasons one and two sequence with the season three sequence.

Syndication
Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution handles syndication distribution of the series. In September 1999, after the series was cancelled by The WB, the series began airing in off network syndication nationwide.

At that same time, Chicago based national cable superstation WGN began airing reruns of the series, airing the series until 2002 (when its broadcast syndication run also ended); WGN (both the local Chicago feed and the national superstation feed) aired The Wayans Bros. in first run form from 1995 to 1999, when WGN (whose local Chicago feed was an affiliate of the network) carried WB programming nationally to make The WB available to markets where a local affiliate did not exist (The Wayans Bros. is one of three WB series to have aired on WGN in both first run and syndication form; The Parent 'Hood, 7th Heaven and Sister, Sister being the others).

In 2006, reruns began airing on BET, after a four-year absence, where it ran until 2007. In 2007, reruns of the series aired on Ion Television, where it ran until 2008. Since then, several Viacom networks, including MTV2, VH1 and BET Her have run the series in continuous rotation. As of 2023, reruns air frequently on VH1. All five seasons of the show stream on HBO Max and BET+.

Home media
Warner Home Video released Season 1 of The Wayans Bros. on DVD in Region 1. Warner Archive subsequently released Seasons 2 to 5 on DVD in Region 1.

title: The Wayans Bros.


text: Category:Woodbury County, Iowa

title: Category:Woodbury County, Iowa


text:
James B. Herrick

James Bryan Herrick (11 August 1861 in Oak Park, Illinois – 7 March 1954 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American physician and professor of medicine who practiced and taught in Chicago. He is credited with the description of sickle-cell disease and was one of the first physicians to describe the symptoms of myocardial infarction.

Biography
Herrick was born in Oak Park, Illinois, of parents Origen White Herrick and Dora Kettlestrings Herrick (who was considered the oldest native daughter of Oak Park, because her father had homesteaded there). He attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and nearby Rock River Seminary. He received a BA degree from the University of Michigan in 1882, after which he taught school in Peoria, Illinois and Oak Park.

Herrick married Zellah P. Davies of Oak Park. After a few years of teaching in the public schools he entered Rush Medical College, and received a medical degree in 1888. He interned at Cook County Hospital, after which he opened a private practice in the Chicago area. He also obtained a part-time teaching position at Rush College, and was listed as a full professor there from 1900 through 1927. He was also on the staff of Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago from 1895 through 1945.

Medical discoveries
Herrick studied and taught at various Chicago hospitals. His first discovery, in 1910, was that of sickle-shaped red blood cells on the blood film of a dental student from Grenada. His description of the student's disease was known for many years as Herrick's syndrome, and is now known as sickle-cell disease. The condition is prevalent in West Africa.

Herrick's second major contribution was a landmark article on myocardial infarction ("heart attack") in JAMA in 1912. He proposed that thrombosis in the coronary artery leads to the symptoms and abnormalities of heart attacks and that this was not inevitably fatal. While Herrick was not the first to propose this, ultimately his article was the most influential, although at the time it received only limited attention. In 1918 he was one of the first to encourage electrocardiography in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Herrick is not closely associated with genetics, but his discoveries turned out to be inherited traits, so his contributions pointed other researchers toward genetically-based conditions.

Books

 * Herrick, J. B. (1895). A Handbook of Medical Diagnosis for Students. United States: Lea Brothers & Company.
 * James Bryan Herrick - an appreciation - a compilation of Herrick papers, edited by William W. Holmes. Published in 1935  LCCN: 36014236  LC:  R154.H38H6

Services, awards and honors
Herrick served as president of several medical associations, including the Chicago Pathological Society, the Chicago Society of Internal Medicine, the Association of American Physicians, the American Heart Association, the Institute of Medicine (Chicago chapter), and the Society of Medical History (Chicago chapter).

He received an honorary degree (Master of Arts) from the University of Michigan (1907), and an honorary degree (Doctor of Law) from UM (1932).

He received the George H. Kober Medal from the Association of American Physicians (1930).

Herrick received the Distinguished Service Cross from the American Medical Association (1939).

He traveled several times to Europe in order to further his medical education. He actively participated in and supported the Chicago Literary Club all his life. He was an avid student of Geoffrey Chaucer's writings.

The collected papers were donated to Rush Medical College after his death. A portion of his collected papers had also been donated to the University of Chicago before his death.

He is commemorated by an annual award and a memorial lecture.

title: James B. Herrick


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Land of Muggy

Land of Muggy was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 7 votes to delete, 1 vote to keep ("G.P Weston", giving him the benefit of the doubt that he was the article's author). Postdlf 04:29, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Land of Muggy
Fictional country. Google search shows it to be very obscure. Wyllium 23:27, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC) Un-delete: Land of Muggy is not a creation of artstamp producer Bruce Henderson! If you had read...created in 1962, you might have realized-can you add? And various works are known by publishers: the map is not currently 'particated' in by anyone; and is the hub of 'Muggy Literary Archeology'- Author- G.P Weston.
 * Delete: A map without a fiction made "by me and my brother," but it seems to be known to few and participated in by few. Not notable. Geogre 00:25, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Nadavspi 01:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE. The Land of Muggy is a Bruce Henderson artistamp invention. Aside from than that it is non-notable, and the article itself verges on the incoherent.--Gene_poole 07:06, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonnotable original work of fiction. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:50, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Perhaps you might then care to explain how the only noteworthy web reference for Muggy is a page owned by Mr Henderson, and linked directly to his "ICIS" group of artistamp fantasy nations: --Gene_poole 07:11, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Cruft.--Lucky13pjn 00:52, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Incoherent. Gamaliel 05:51, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
USS Jack (SS-259)

USS Jack (SS-259), a Gato-class submarine submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the jack (any of various fishes—young pike, green pike or pickerel, or large California rockfish).

Construction and commissioning
Jack′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut, on 2 February 1942. She was launched on 16 October 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Frances Seely, and commissioned at Naval Submarine Base New London in New London, Connecticut, on 6 January 1943, Commander Thomas. M. "Tommy" Dykers in command.

First and second war patrols, June – October 1943
Jack underwent shakedown training along the New England coast, sailing from New London 26 April 1943 for service in the Pacific. Reaching Pearl Harbor 21 May, the submarine took on supplies and departed on her first offensive war patrol 5 June 1943. Taking part in the submarine offensive against Japan, she patrolled off Honshū. Jack came upon a five-ship convoy 26 June, and in a series of five well-executed attacks, sank the 4,000-ton passenger/cargo ship Toyo Maru and the 6,000-ton cargo ship Shozan Maru. In attempting to torpedo a third ship, the submarine was shaken by a bomb dropped by an airplane, but the alert crew corrected her dangerous diving angle and effected repairs.

On 4 July 1943, Jack began to track smoke on the horizon and soon detected Nikkyo Maru with an escort. The submarine used three torpedoes to send the cargo ship to the bottom, and returned to Pearl Harbor for repairs 19 July 1943. This patrol is dramatized in the 1950's TV series, The Silent Service (S01 E01), produced by Universal Television and hosted by Tommy Dykers.

Jack's second war patrol (5 September–10 October 1943) brought no opportunities for attack as engineering difficulties forced her to return prematurely to Pearl Harbor. During her subsequent stay in Hawaii, an Allied tanker mistook her for a Japanese submarine and opened gunfire on her in the Pacific Ocean northeast of Hawaii at 23.33333°N, -154.5°W on 1 January 1944.

Third war patrol, January – March 1944
On her third war patrol, the submarine proceeded westward from Pearl Harbor 16 January 1944 bound for the South China Sea. Prowling the pivotal Singapore-Japan shipping lanes, she encountered convoy Hi-40 of five large oil tankers with three escorts early 19 February. The submarine reached attack position at about 04:40 and fired three torpedoes, scoring one hit. She then began an "end around," a long circling maneuver designed to bring her in front of the remaining four tankers, and late that afternoon she was again ready to attack. Two torpedoes sank two more of the frantically zigzagging ships, and Jack moved in on the trailing tanker. Her first spread of torpedoes missed and the tanker replied with a salvo from 5 in guns, but Jack returned three hours later to sink her with four torpedoes. In this remarkable series of attacks, the submarine sank four tankers (earning the nickname "Jack the Pack", after the convoy commander radioed that he was under attack from a "wolfpack"), all over 5,000 tons: Kokuie Maru, Nanei Maru, Nichirin Maru, and Ichiyo Maru. After several more attacks Jack set course for Fremantle, Australia, her new base, where she arrived 13 March 1944.

Fourth and fifth war patrols, April – July 1944
Departing Australia 6 April 1944, Jack returned to the South China Sea for her fourth war patrol. She chased the Take Ichi convoy through the afternoon of 25 April, and shortly after midnight next day attacked, sinking SS Yoshida Maru No. 1 and damaging two others. Jack also used her deck gun to sink a radio-equipped trawler, Daisun, 27 April before returning to Fremantle 10 May 1944.

Jack left Fremantle for her fifth war patrol 4 June 1944, again returning to Japan's important lifelines in the South China Sea. Early 24 June she made an approach on a large convoy and fired three torpedoes, sinking a large tanker, San Pedro Maru, before escorting aircraft forced her to retire. Five days later the submarine came upon another large convoy, and by early 30 June was in position. Three successive attacks sent cargo ships Matsukawa Maru and Tsukushima Maru to the bottom. Jack returned to Fremantle 14 July 1944. For her highly successful and aggressive first, third, and fifth war patrols, the submarine was awarded the coveted Presidential Unit Citation.

Sixth and seventh war patrols, August – December 1944
The submarine sailed from Fremantle 6 August 1944 to the Celebes Sea for her sixth war patrol. Attacking a convoy 29 August, she sank a small minesweeper (Minesweeper No 28) and started in pursuit of a cargo ship. After her torpedo missed and she was raked with gunfire by her adversary, Jack deftly evaded the attacker and returned later to sink Mexico Maru. Jack arrived at Fremantle following this patrol 24 September 1944.

She departed Fremantle once more 27 October 1944, bound for the South China Sea. She attacked a coastal convoy 14–15 November, sinking cargo ships Nichiei Maru and Yusan Maru before shallow water forced her to break off the fight. The attrition of Japanese shipping was beginning to tell, and Jack found no more opportunities before ending her patrol at Pearl Harbor 24 December 1944. From there she returned to San Francisco for a major overhaul.

Eighth and ninth war patrols, April – August 1945
The veteran submarine returned to Pearl Harbor 1 April 1945, and departed on her eighth war patrol 26 April 1945. With most Japanese shipping sunk or reluctant to venture into the sea lanes, her major job was to act as lifeguard for the massive carrier strikes and bomber missions against the Japanese mainland. The submarine returned to Guam for refit 18 June and set out again 12 July for her ninth and last war patrol. Stationed between Luzon and Okinawa, she again performed lifeguard duty until the Japanese surrender 15 August 1945. Her ninth patrol ended at Midway Atoll 29 August.

Greek service

Jack sailed for the United States 5 September 1945, steaming via Pearl Harbor and the Canal Zone to New York 3 October 1945. She decommissioned at Atlantic Reserve Fleet, New London 8 June 1946, and was placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She recommissioned briefly 20 December 1957, to prepare for transfer to the government of Greece and after training operations was loaned to the Royal Hellenic Navy 21 April 1958. She served as Amfitriti (S-17) (also spelled Amphitriti), until 1967, when she was returned by Greece and sunk as a target by the US 6th Fleet, 5 September 1967, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Awards
Jack was credited with sinking 76,687 tons of Japanese shipping. In addition to her Presidential Unit Citation (US), Jack received seven battle stars for World War II service. All patrols, except for her second and ninth, were designated successful.

In culture
Jack is the subject of the series premiere of the syndicated television anthology series The Silent Service. The episode, entitled "The Jack at Tokyo," aired 5 Apr 1957 and was hosted by Rear Admiral Thomas M. Dykers (ret).

Jack's operations during the Pacific War are chronicled in Silent Running: My Years on a World War II Attack Submarine.

title: USS Jack (SS-259)


text: Category:Cattaraugus County, New York

title: Category:Cattaraugus County, New York