text:
Agostino Casaroli

Agostino Casaroli (24 November 1914 – 9 June 1998) was an Italian Catholic priest and diplomat for the Holy See, who became Cardinal Secretary of State. He was an important figure behind the Vatican's efforts to deal with the religious persecution of the Church in the nations of the Soviet bloc after the Second Vatican Council.

Biography
Casaroli was born in Castel San Giovanni in the province of Piacenza, Italy, to a family of humble roots. His father was a tailor in Piacenza. He was educated at the Collegio Alberoni in Piacenza; the Episcopal Seminary of Bedonia, Piacenza; the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome where he earned a doctorate in canon law; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy.

Early career
He was ordained to the priesthood on 27 May 1937 in Piacenza. He studied in Rome from 1937 to 1939. Beginning in 1940 he served in the Vatican Secretariat of State while also participating in pastoral ministry in the diocese of Rome from 1943. He was named Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 4 January 1945. He served as chaplain of Villa Agnese from 1950 to 1998. He was raised to the rank of Domestic prelate of His Holiness on 22 December 1954.

He served as an assistant to Cardinal Adeodato Giovanni Piazza at the First General Conference of the Latin American Bishops in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1955. He served as a faculty member of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy from 1958 to 1961. On 24 February 1961, he was appointed Undersecretary of the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, effectively deputy foreign minister. In 1964, he represented the Holy See at the exchange of instruments in ratification of the modus vivendi with Tunisia, concerning the situation of the Catholic Church. He was a signatory of the partial agreement between the Holy See and Hungary in Budapest on 15 September 1964. He negotiated with the Communist Czechoslovak government over the appointment of František Tomášek as apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Prague in February 1965. He was appointed secretary of the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs on 29 June 1967.

Pope Paul consecrated him a bishop on 16 July 1967.

During the period following Vatican II, Casaroli gained a reputation as a highly skilled diplomat who was able to negotiate with regimes hostile to the Church. He headed the CSCE conference in Helsinki from 30 July to 1 August 1975. On 28 April 1979, he was appointed Pro-Secretary of State.

Cardinal
Casaroli was made a Cardinal-Priest of Ss. XII Apostoli in John Paul II's first consistory in 1979, and at the same time he became Secretary of State. Although he was seen as less hardline than any other close associate of John Paul, Casaroli's skillful diplomacy was seen by Wojtyła as an irreplaceable asset in the struggle against the Soviet Union.

In 1985 he became Cardinal Bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Porto-Santa-Rufina, and in 1990 he retired as Secretary of State, being succeeded by Angelo Sodano (who became Pro-Secretary of State at that time). He was Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1993 until his 1998 death of cardiorespiratory disease.

Relations with Communism
Casaroli's signing of treaties with Hungary in 1964 and Yugoslavia in 1966 was the first time the Holy See had opened itself in this way to Communist regimes. Although his 2000 memoirs revealed a man hostile to Communism, his remarkable diplomatic skill made this hostility appear non-existent.

According to John O. Koehler, the KGB and its "brother organs" in Eastern Europe were well aware of Cardinal Casaroli's real opinions and influence. Therefore, his personal office was one of the primary espionage targets inside the Vatican.

The KGB was assisted in this by the Cardinal's own nephew, Marco Torreta, and Torreta's Czechoslovakian wife Irene Trollerova. According to Italian intelligence officials, Torreta had been a KGB informant since 1950.

According to Koehler: "Irene returned from Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s, with a ceramic statue of the Virgin Mary, about 10 inches high, a beautiful work of renowned Czech ceramic art. The couple presented the statue to Cardinal Casaroli, who accepted gratefully. What a betrayal by his own nephew! Inside the revered religious icon was a 'bug', a tiny but powerful transmitter, which was monitored from outside the building by the couple's handlers from the Soviet Embassy in Rome. The statue had been placed in an armoire in the dining room close to Cardinal Casaroli's office. Another eavesdropping device inside a rectangular piece of wood was hidden in the same armoire. Both were not discovered til 1990 during a massive probe initiated by Magistrate Rosario Priore in the aftermath of the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II. The bugs had been transmitting until that time.'"

Teilhard de Chardin
On 10 June 1981, on the 100th anniversary of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's birth, L'Osservatore Romano, the official Vatican newspaper, published a letter by Casaroli that praised the "astonishing resonance of his research, as well as the brilliance of his personality and richness of his thinking." Casaroli wrote that Teilhard had anticipated John Paul II's call to "be not afraid", embracing "culture, civilization and progress". The letter was antedated 12 May 1981, the day prior to the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II, but was published during his convalescence. On 20 July 1981, a communiqué of the Press Office of the Holy See stated that the letter did not change the position of the warning issued by the Holy Office on 30 June 1962, which pointed out that Chardin's work contained ambiguities and grave doctrinal errors.

Honors

 * Honorary degree, University of Pavia, 1991

In popular culture
Cardinal Casaroli was portrayed by veteran character actor Ben Gazzara in the 2005 miniseries, Pope John Paul II.

title: Agostino Casaroli


text:
David Chadwick (writer)

David Chadwick (born 1945) grew up in Texas and moved to California to study Zen as a student of Shunryu Suzuki in 1966. Chadwick was ordained as a Buddhist priest in 1971, shortly before Suzuki's death. He assisted in the operation of the San Francisco Zen Center for a number of years.

Chadwick has two children and has married and remarried. He has written several books and continues to "dabble in Buddhism and related matters". Among his works is Crooked Cucumber, the biography of Shunryu Suzuki.

Works

 * Chadwick, David (1994). Thank You and OK!: An American Zen Failure in Japan. Republished by Shambhala Publications (2007). ISBN 1-59030-470-5. Originally Penguin Arkana.
 * Chadwick, David (1999). Crooked Cucumber: the Life and Zen Teaching of Shunryu Suzuki. Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-0104-5. Ebook, audiobook, Shambhala Publications
 * Chadwick, David (2007). Zen Is Right Here: Teaching Stories and Anecdotes of Shunryu Suzuki, Author of Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind Shambhala Publications (2007) ISBN 1-59030-491-8. audiobook. Originally To Shine One Corner of the World: Moments with Shunryu Suzuki. (2001) Broadway Books
 * Chadwick, David (2019). To Find the Girl from Perth. Cuke Press. Originally (2008) Speir Publishing
 * Chadwick, David (2019) (text), Atkeison, Andrew (illustrations). Color Dreams for To Find the Girl from Perth. Cuke Press. Originally (2009) Speir Publishing
 * Chadwick, David (2019) The, the Book. Cuke Press. ISBN 978-1732287754 Originally Chadwick, Chavid (2011). The. Speir Publishing
 * Chadwick, David (2011). Afterword to Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind 40th Anniversary Issue. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1590308493
 * Chadwick, David (2020) Afterword to Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind 50th Anniversary Issue. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1611808414
 * Chadwick, David (2018) Forward, Editor. A Brief History of Tassajara: From Native American Sweat Lodges to Pioneering Zen Monastery. Cuke Press
 * Shunryu, Suzuki; Chadwick, David (editor) (2021). Zen Is Right Now: More Teaching Stories and Anecdotes of Shunryu Suzuki. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1611809145

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: David Chadwick (writer)


text:
File:Metalgear2boxart.jpg

Summary
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty cover art. Image is the front cover art of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty on PlayStation 2, and is copyright Konami. Source:

Licensing
Rationale for the fair use of this image in the article Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty:
 * This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game
 * The image does not limit Konami's ability to sell the game

title: File:Metalgear2boxart.jpg


text:
Talk:Jettying

Article title
I've improved the title to fit with Wikipedia naming conventions, but it is not perfect. The advantage of Jettying is that verb is unique to the building use of Jetty. It is also relatively common to refer to a jettied building. However, another alternative would be Jetty (building) - 'Jetty (architecture)' could still apply to maritime Jetties. -- Solipsist 18:21, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Diagram would be nice
reqdiagram The current article has two sections summarizing the horizontal and vertical elements of a jettied storey, but they're not very clear without a diagram to show where each element goes. --Quuxplusone 22:19, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Here are two that need a bit of English annotating:

 * (If you're not up to image editing I recommend going to a WP:Graphics Lab and asking for help) --pfctdayelise (talk) 13:00, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Jetty vs Cantilever
The term used in the section on Jettying seem to be old English briticisms. I have never before seen the terms in use in architecture or engineering while I've been studying or practicing architecture in the United States. Gary Wheeler, AIA WonderWheeler (talk) 00:46, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, yes, it is bound to be British usage. They go back to the 12th to the 16th centuries. Jetty, jettie, or jutty, and therefore the practice of building them being "jettying", is the term shown in the Oxford Dictionary of Architecture by James Stevens Curl, OUP, 1999. I don't know whether you can lay your hands on it through American libraries, but that is where you can look it up. Quite true, the definition of jetty is indeed "formed by cantilevered floor-joints", but the keyword is "jetty", etc. Yes, if you were to build a house in that style during the present time you would probably call it "cantilevered".

 * By the same token would you have heard of "bressummer" or "breastsummer" for the wall that either projects from the wall below, or the wall below that supports the wall above in these ancient houses? You will have seen a few of these in Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare's town. Dieter Simon (talk) 23:20, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

jettying in plain style of lisbon
em ressalto, in portuguese, can be about the main facade but also about each story, that thus uses public space away from circulation, while giving room for a landing to longer stairs and private area too, on the inside close to facade, in plain architecture that is, since medieval revivals can add it to some rooms for style recognition — Preceding unsigned comment added by Deslize (talk • contribs) 13:39, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

"They are considered a Gothic style..."
Are they? I wouldn't have thought so. Given, they date back to the same general era as Gothic churches; but there, surely, any resemblance ends. Nuttyskin (talk) 00:25, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

Taxes? Is this true?
I heard somewhere that the main reason they did this at some point, in some nation, was because houses were taxed based on the square footage of the ground floor, thus making it possible to save BIG BUX!!! by having a smaller footprint. I see no mention of this in the article and can't find anything about it online. Is this just total dreck?  jp × g 🗯 07:38, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jettying


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anjool Malde (0th nomination)

Anjool Malde
Who? 163.1.141.7 19:18, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * well you wrote it! (okay, maybe your mate did Dunc_Harris|☺ 20:39, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)) If you are trying to be a Internet troll, don't bother. A Google search indicates that it may be factually correct, but should this encyclopedia include some guy who does work for Radio Oxford? No, delete. Dunc_Harris|☺ 19:32, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Lol, no I didn't! Look more carefully at the history of IP addresses. 163.1.141.7 20:29, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Main Street Hot Dog Lady

The Main Street Hot Dog Lady was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE Non-notable, though enjoyable. --jpgordon {gab} 18:22, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: We had flower ladies in Chapel Hill. It was cool that we had that link to a Bob Dylan song.  As for this, it's campus lore.  I'm sure it's neat, but she's not really notable and encyclopedic. Geogre 18:48, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable Gazpacho 19:08, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Can we speedy delete this? Gamaliel 06:28, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * move to the bad jokes BACbKA 22:52, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Bob Martinez

Untitled
Martinez was the first Hispanic American elected governor of Florida despite the large Hispanic population of the state.

I really don't feel this sentence is relevant. I mean, the Hispanic population of the state didn't get large until the 1960s, so 1987 would have been fairly quick. Mike H 18:23, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * The major point is, I suppose, that he is an Hispanic American governor. There have only been a handful nationally, ever, and I would believe that New Mexico has had the most.

Rlquall 18:42, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Sales Tax on Services
I have placed some citations demonstrating that Martinez did push through the STS. Confusion may be caused by references to the "1986 legislature" passing the bill, but in Florida legislatures are named by the year in which they are elected, not served. Unschool 00:26, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

martinez's heritage
The precise Hispanic heritage of people from Ybor City is sometimes unclear, as many Spanish immigrants stopped to work in Cuba before moving on to Tampa. For example, some of my great-grandparents considered themselves Spanish and others Cuban although they each lived in Cuba for only a short time. To further muddy the waters for Martinez, his official City of Tampa bio says that his mother's maiden name was "Cerrano", which is a common Italian name in these parts.

The only way to definitely put Martinez in a category is find an article somewhere in which he addresses the issue. I've actually met him a time or two and could probably get in touch, but would that violate the sometimes-ridiculous "orginal research" rule? Zeng8r (talk) 00:14, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. But, if he blogs, ask him to comment on this matter on the blog, then reference the blog. Or give him Jimmy Wales' email address and ask him to email Jimmy, who can vouch that the email did indeed come from Martinez. Jimmy would then pass the info on to WP. SamEV (talk) 02:15, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

Photo
Why don't we have a photo? Surely one would be public domain. Llamabr (talk) 21:36, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

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User talk:Mattmentecky

Hello

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! NickelShoe 14:40, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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The Best Three
The Best Three has been proposed for deletion. This is because Wikipedia is not a dictionary or usage guide. An editor feels that this article isn't really appropriate for an encyclopedia, and doubts the likelihood of someone looking it up. If you can edit it into something more encyclopedic, please do so. Please remember not to blank the page if you've decided you don't like the article. If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the prod template, the article may be deleted without further discussion.

Let me know if you have any questions, I probably assumed you understood something that's actually technical or something! NickelShoe 14:40, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Boston Legal

season finale question?
Did i see Jill Eikenberry playing one of the west coast lawyers in this episode?

Meta-references
A reorganization of the meta-reference section with regards to seasons and episodes, so that we don't have things like "Another Season Two episode", would be much easier to read.

Why?
Why, under the external links are the characters? Why was so much information deleted and the article shortened? -- 91.64.24.148 (talk) 22:17, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

 * The Character section has been removed as that was obviously an editing error. As to the other questions, that is fairly straightforward: links assist and avoid repeating information, and much of what was there was unsourced and unnecessary opinion. Check out Wikipedia policies such as WP:OR, WP:V and WP:NOT. Thebladesofchaos (talk) 05:53, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

 * On Episode List it's the same! The character section is also under the episode list. -- 91.64.24.97 (talk) 13:07, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Not anymore. Edits are underway. Thebladesofchaos (talk) 05:59, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Any progress? It's been quite some time - there was a lot of good information in those articles. Why not leave the orginals up while any edts and changes are being done? --205.217.237.187 (talk) 07:05, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

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Fees
Were fees mentioned at anytime? 🤔 174.233.16.193 (talk) 01:09, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boston Legal


text:
Talk:Jabalia

Names
The list of 111 names could be ommited, and instead we write that Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights is reporting of 111 Palestinian killed. MathKnight 18:26, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * To Alberuni: Namial list is, well, a list of names. MathKnight 21:39, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Is that the English language - or Hebrew? Alberuni 02:43, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * English. Namial --> name-al. MathKnight 10:36, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe I'm missing something. I'll assume it's just an ESL typo. Alberuni 03:01, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Palestinian miltants are not the same as Palestinians
Jayjg, please try to be more specific, not less specific, in your edits and try not to blur the boundaries between civilian and militant to justify Israeli aggression against civilian Palestinian refugees. Alberuni 02:42, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm trying to avoid POV labels that lead to edit wars, not any of the nonsensical motives you've attributed to me. Identifying the specific groups involved is an even better way of doing this. Jayjg 02:52, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The specific groups are militants or Hamas, if identified. Why do you label militant acts as being committed generically by "Palestinians"? Should we label IDF acts as being committed by "the Jews"? Alberuni 02:56, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Just trying to avoid POV labels; if you have better wording that does the same, I'd support it. Jayjg 03:12, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * "militant" is not a specific group. Specific groups are Hamas, Islamic Jihad, al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, Popular Resistance Committees, Tanzim, Abu-Reish Brigades, PFLP, DFLP etc. MathKnight 12:25, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You are using POV labels of "terrorist" without attributing them to the Israeli government. Please stop your continuous reverts until this issue has been resolved. Alberuni 03:34, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, you've been doing continuous reverts of "terrorist" to "militants". Please stop until the issue has been resolved. Jayjg 03:36, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The militant palistinian groups may be called terrorists because they mainly target civilians while the IDF may not be called terrorist because it targets militants but as with all military operations, cilivilians might get caught in the crossfire, but they are not the main targets. Passw0rd
 * Seems to me like we need a specific List of Palestinian militant groups page, from which we can then use to specifically identify them apart from "normal" Palestinians and use as a page to display the various points of view about them. Oberiko 18:19, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Citation
When you are adding an event to the time line please cite a news source such as CNN, BBC etc. Al-Mazen can't qualify since it do not tells rather the dead was combatant or not. MathKnight 10:50, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The events are reported and sourced. It doesn't matter whether the casualty is militant or civilian or Israeli. The casualties are never described as civilians. It's all NPOV. Alberuni 02:58, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It matters very much whether the casualty is armed or unarmed, militant or civilian, terrorist or soldier. Deliberately and knowingly shooting those engaged in combat operations is permissible within the "rules of war".  Deliberately and knowingly shooting civilians is not.
 * We're not in a position to judge the POV reports of combat status of fatalities. "Israeli army claims the man they killed was a terrorist responsible for shooting an Israeli motorist in 1996; the soldiers suspected that the girl's book bag was a bomb, making her a legitimate target; the terrorist was hiding in an apartment building so 19 people were justifiably killed when an Israeli missile, manufactured in the United States and paid for by US taxpayers was fired from a helicopter to kill the "terrorist", Israeli army reported receiving mortar rounds from the UNRWA school so they shot a girl in the chest in her classroom, unfortunate collateral damage but the Jews must defend themselves, too bad....." etc. We're just listing fatalities and casualties. Thanks.Alberuni 03:54, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If that's the case, then leave out references to "children" as well, since we're not in a position to judge those POV reports either; just list fatalities and casualties. Jayjg 04:05, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you want to delete reference to "children," "child," "girl," "boy," etc. in all the reports, including the initial one of "Two children killed by a Qassam rocket in Sderot" then that's fine by me. The reader can decide for him/herself whether the victims are children by listing their ages. But wait! Perhaps we should not list ages either because we can't trust POV reports about the age of the victims either. Maybe we should just refer to the victims as male/female, Arab/Jew because those are the only categories in which we believe. But wait! We can't really even trust that either. It's possible that these were not humans at all. Maybe they were Palestinians and you know, "some people" dispute that Palestinians even exist. They may be just fake stories planted by liars and propagandists, like partisan human rights organizations. Maybe the terrorists and the IDF don't really exist at all and the pools of blood are just ketchup or special effects created by al Jazeera. Now we can all sleep soundly and not think about the mutilated children. Alberuni 20:34, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Lance6wins would you care to explain your deletions?
The material you are deleting is sourced. You are welcome to add to it. What is your justification for deleting it? Alberuni 02:59, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps you are referring to. Please note that both attacks against Israelis and attacks against Arabs are marked as deleted in this diff. I do not know what happened there. Unreported edit conflict? Mulitple concurrent edits? I do not understand what happened. Thank you for pointing this out. Will fix. Lance6Wins 03:11, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Good job. Alberuni 03:18, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Moving the operation
Seems like the Israeli operation is taking most of the page. I propose to move it to its own article and have a summary with iLink here. Oberiko 18:20, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * That was my thought looking at it: Operation Days of Penitance looks like the obvious title. --Henrygb 18:40, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. Operation Days of Penitence will be the title (the spelling was copied from English press). Any objections? MathKnight 20:55, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Alright, the article is moved. Oberiko 14:53, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Its a city
Jabalia is a small city in northern gaza strip we cant say that Jabalia is a refugee camp i think the article must be moved to Jabalia camp. --Marquez 09:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

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5 mm caliber

This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 5.00 to 5.99 mm caliber range.

 * Length refers to the cartridge case length.
 * OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge.

All measurements are in mm (in).

title: 5 mm caliber


text:
The Big Gig

The Big Gig was a popular Australian television sketch comedy music/variety series based on the British TV series Saturday Live. It was produced and broadcast on ABC TV in the late 1980s and early 1990s and was produced and directed by Ted Robinson, who started his career as the director of the second series of the acclaimed The Aunty Jack Show in the early 1970s, and Neil Wilson.

Program Synopsis
Largely based around performers sourced from the thriving Melbourne stand-up comedy scene of that time, the series brought a number of new comedy acts to national prominence and made major stars of its host, stand-up comedian Wendy Harmer, who later became a top-rating host on morning radio in Sydney in the 1990s, and the regularly featured act, the Doug Anthony All-Stars.

Starting in 1989 and running until 1992 and originally named Tuesday Night Live, The Big Gig showcased both comedy and music and offered opportunities not available to the performers otherwise.

The show typically started with a monologue from host Wendy Harmer (or, from mid-1989 to mid-1990, Glynn Nicholas) before launching into a musical act. Regulars on the show included the house band The Swinging Sidewalks (which included singer Rebecca Barnard), the Bachelors from Prague or Zydeko Jump; the same band would also close the show while the credits played over them.

A regular feature of The Big Gig was the character 'Veronica Glenhuntly' (played by comedian Jean Kittson), an acid-tongued newsreader. Many storylines would run through her, including her on-air wooing, marriage and birth of twins (named Veronica, after herself, and Wayne, after her husband, golf-star Wayne "Lightning" Truscott). She was later joined by weather reporter Clinton Funt, played by musician and comedian Phillip Scott. The character partly parodied contemporary ABC (Victoria) newsreader Mary Delahunty, but her surname was also a reference to the elite Melbourne suburb of Glenhuntly. Kittson also played several other characters, including ditzy gym nut Candida Royale and sinister flight attendant Rose McCloud.

The Big Gig became known for showcasing many new comedy acts, including Judith Lucy, Anthony Morgan, Jimeoin, Greg Fleet, Lano and Woodley (at the time members of a trio called The Found Objects, with Scott Casley), Scared Weird Little Guys and The Umbilical Brothers,

Nevertheless, major drawcards for both the studio audience and viewers at home was the regular cast. Some played characters—for example, Glynn Nicholas portrayed saccharine children's TV performer Paté Biscuit and her hand puppet Bongo (a broad send-up of 70s Aussie children's TV star Patsy Biscoe who famously appeared with Nicholas on the show in 1990), and oafish policeman Sergeant F*kn Smith. Co-writing Nicholas's material was the young Shaun Micallef. Comedians Matt Parkinson and Matthew Quartermaine, aka The Empty Pockets also played the Lager Boys. The Lager Boys featured in a popular series of anarchic blackout sketches, promoting fictitious products and/or TV programs, and which were noted for including brief intercuts taken from pornographic videos. Viewers often taped The Big Gig on their VCRs in order to replay the Lager Boys segments in slow motion.

After successful guest appearances on the first series Sydney comedian Anthony Ackroyd became a regular cast member. He provided stand up spots as well as the characters Addam (a parody of a coked up advertising guru), the Bard (a Shakespearean style poet) and Constable Constable (partner of Glynn Nicholas's Sergeant Smith). Angela Moore, later a cast member of the children's programme Play School, played another popular semi-regular character, the batty, screechy-voiced housewife Shirley Purvis, with fellow Play School alumnus Glenn Butcher playing her hopeless son Darren. Shirley and Darren were characters they had originated while members of popular comedy troupe The Castanet Club. Other regular cast members included Denise Scott, Tracy Harvey, Lynda Gibson, Phillip Scott and Paul Livingston (as Flacco).

The most popular featured act was the irreverent musical comedy trio the Doug Anthony All Stars, also known as DAAS, whose trademark pseudo-military uniforms and shameless attacks on sacred cows quickly garnered a reputation. The Dougs, as they became known, would often be on at the end of the program and were regulars up until 1991, when they left to produce their own show, DAAS Kapital (also shown on ABC TV). In 2008, all the DAAS appearances from the first two seasons, plus a performance of "Warsong" from 1992 to promote DAAS Kapital, were released on DVD.

Broadcast details

 * Series 1: 28 February 1989 to 6 June 1989 (15 episodes)
 * Series 2: 29 August 1989 to 21 November 1989 (13 episodes)
 * Series 3: 6 March 1990 to 22 May 1990 (12 episodes)
 * Series 4: 28 August 1990 to 13 November 1990 (12 episodes)
 * Series 5: 30 April 1991 to 16 July 1991 (not 2 July) (11 episodes)
 * Specials: 31 March 1992, 19 May 1992 and 14 July 1992

Repeats of The Big Gig are occasionally still shown on The Comedy Channel.

title: The Big Gig


text:
HMS Ceylon (30)

HMS Ceylon was a Fiji-class cruiser light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was of the Ceylon sub class, named after the island and British colony of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). The cruiser saw service in the Atlantic and Pacific theatres during the Second World War. In the postwar era, she participated in actions in Egypt and the Korean War. In 1960 she transferred to the navy of Peru and renamed BAP Coronel Bolognesi. The cruiser was scrapped in 1985.

Wartime career
Built by Stephens at Govan and launched on 30 July 1942, she was completed on 13 July 1943. After two months in the Home Fleet she was transferred to the 4th Cruiser Squadron, with the Eastern Fleet and took part in many carrier raids, bombardments and patrols against Japanese-held territory, including Operations Cockpit, Meridian and Diplomat. In November 1944 she joined the British Pacific Fleet and sailed from Trincomalee on 16 January, taking part in a raid on Pankalan Bradan en route. By May 1945, however, she was back in the Indian Ocean, shelling the Nicobar Islands, and remained in that theatre until the end of the war. In October 1945 she returned to England for refit and lay-up.

Postwar
Postwar, she served in the Portsmouth Command during 1946/50, followed by the 5th and 4th Cruiser Squadrons on the Far East and East Indies stations. She was actively engaged in the Korean War, carrying out a number of bombardments. Ceylon, in poor condition, was given a major refit from March 1955 to July 1956 to suit her for further service until the Tiger-class cruisers could enter service. A Type 960 long range air warning radar replaced the existing Type 281B, while the Type 277 height finder radar was upgraded to 277Q standard and the UA-1 ESM system was fitted. Fire control for the ship's 4-inch guns was provided by US-supplied Mark 63 systems, with radar mounted on the gun mounts, while short range anti-aircraft defence was provided by an outfit of 18 Bofors 40mm guns in five twin Mark 5 mounts and eight single Mark 7 mounts, with the Mark 5 mounts provided with Simple Tachymetric directors (STD).

After trials with the new equipment, in late 1956, Ceylon was deployed to the Mediterranean where she provided long range gunfire support to suppress Egyptian shore battery emplacements at Port Said in support of the British Army and Royal Marine landings. A Communication Officer on the cruiser describes Ceylon's bombardment as relatively brief, as the Egyptian batteries did not return fire. Later in the operation Ceylon served as an air direction picket, HMS Royalist (89) having been withdrawn for political reasons and the cruiser Jamaica lacking modern air warning and aircraft direction equipment. Between 1956 and 1959 she served in the Mediterranean Fleet, Home Fleet and East of Suez.

Peruvian service
On 18 December 1959, she returned to Portsmouth and was sold to Peru the same month. The disposal of the Ceylon, only three years after its modernisation, came as a shock to its last captain, Frank Twiss. On 9 February 1960, she was transferred to the Peruvian Navy and renamed BAP Coronel Bolognesi. The sale of her and Newfoundland, while the older Colony and Town cruisers – HMS Gambia (48), HMS Bermuda (C52), HMS Sheffield (C24) and HMS Belfast (C35) remained in service or reactivable reserve until the election of a Labour Government in 1964, probably reflected a good price on the sale to Peru  and the need for cuts to save the Tiger class. The fact Newfoundland and Ceylon under different names remained in Peruvian service till the 1980s meant some crucial parts for the maintenance of the Tigers were obtained from Peru in the 1970s.

She spent over twenty years with the Peruvians until she was finally deleted from the Navy List in May 1982, and towed to Taiwan in August 1985 to be scrapped.

title: HMS Ceylon (30)


text:
Brittnau

Brittnau is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

History
Brittnau is first mentioned in 924 as Pritinouva.

Geography
Brittnau has an area,, of 13.69 km2. Of this area, 7.23 km2 or 52.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.73 km2 or 34.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.62 km2 or 11.8% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.1 km2 or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 7.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 35.4% is used for growing crops and 14.5% is pastures, while 2.9% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Zofingen district on the left side of the mid-Wigger river valley (Wiggertal). It comprises Brittnau itself and the following villages:
 * Bergacker
 * Bösenwil
 * Bötschishalden
 * Fennern
 * Geissbach
 * Grod
 * Leidenberg
 * Liebigen
 * Mättenwil
 * Rossweid
 * Sennhof
 * Wilacker

The municipality borders Wikon, Langnau bei Reiden, Pfaffnau, Murgenthal, Vordemwald, Strengelbach and Zofingen.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Bend wavy sinister Argent and Coupeaux Vert.

Demographics
Brittnau has a population of  , 7.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 4.5%. Most of the population speaks German(96.1%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.2%) and Portuguese being third ( 0.6%).

The age distribution,, in Brittnau is; 384 children or 10.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 449 teenagers or 12.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 407 people or 11.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 471 people or 12.9% are between 30 and 39, 675 people or 18.5% are between 40 and 49, and 508 people or 14.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 344 people or 9.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 248 people or 6.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 138 people or 3.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 16 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.56 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m2 as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 60.8% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 83 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 670 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 564 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 1,354 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. there were 704 single family homes (or 46.0% of the total) out of a total of 1,529 homes and apartments. There were a total of 0 empty apartments for a 0.0% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.8 new units per 1000 residents.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 39.26% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.43%), the FDP (11.71%) and the EVP Party (8.83%). In the federal election, a total of 1,202 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.3%.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Economy
, Brittnau had an unemployment rate of 2%. , there were 152 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 61 businesses involved in this sector. 93 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 22 businesses in this sector. 390 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 81 businesses in this sector.

there were 1,785 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 1,435 or about 80.4% of the residents worked outside Brittnau while 263 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 613 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 8.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 723 or 21.3% were Roman Catholic, while 2,240 or 65.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 7 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.

Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Brittnau about 75.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population, there are 288 students attending primary school, there are 68 students attending secondary school, there are 102 students attending tertiary or university level schooling in the municipality.

Brittnau is home to the Schul-u.Gde.Bibliothek Brittnau (school and municipal library of Brittnau). The library has 9,438 books or other media, and loaned out 19,036 items in the same year. It was open a total of 130 days with average of 6 hours per week during that year.

title: Brittnau


text:
Jim Marshall (defensive end)

James Lawrence Marshall (born December 30, 1937) is an American former professional football defensive end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 19 seasons, primarily with the Minnesota Vikings. He played college football at Ohio State, before leaving to play for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 1960 NFL draft.

Marshall recovered an NFL record 29 opponents' fumbles, including his 1964 "wrong-way run", a play in which he recovered a fumble and returned it 66 yards in the wrong direction into his own end zone, where he threw the ball out of bounds, resulting in a safety for the San Francisco 49ers. He owns the career records for most consecutive starts (270) and most games played (282) by a defensive player.

Early life
Marshall was born in Wilsonville, in Boyle County, Kentucky.

Football career
Marshall played college football at Ohio State. He left school before his senior year, and played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was then traded to the Cleveland Browns in an NFL–CFL transaction, being swapped for Bob Ptacek. Marshall played the 1960 season with the Browns before being traded along with five other players (including fellow defensive lineman Paul Dickson) to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for two draft picks in the 1962 NFL draft. He played from 1961 to 1979 with the Vikings and finished with a then-record 282 consecutive games played (since surpassed by punter Jeff Feagles). Marshall started 270 consecutive games while playing for the Vikings, an NFL record since surpassed by Brett Favre.

Marshall played in the Pro Bowl in 1968 and 1969. He recovered 30 fumbles during his career, an NFL record. He was a member of the Vikings' famous "Purple People Eaters" (which consisted of Marshall (DE), Alan Page (DT), Gary Larsen (DT), and Carl Eller (DE)), and was the final player from Minnesota's initial expansion team of 1961 to retire. Marshall had 127 career quarterback sacks as a Viking, second-most in team history behind Eller. At the time of his retirement in 1979, Marshall had played in every game in Vikings history.

Marshall is one of 11 players to have played in all four of the Vikings' Super Bowl appearances in the 1970s.

Personal life
Marshall resides in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. He has been married twice: firstly to Anita (with whom he has two daughters) and then a second time, to Susan. In September 2009, when quarterback Brett Favre was set to surpass Marshall's record of consecutive games started, he could not attend the game as it coincided with his wedding anniversary. A few days later, Marshall visited the Vikings' practice facilities to congratulate Favre in person.

Legacy
Marshall's No. 70 has been retired by the Vikings and he is a member of the team's Ring of Honor. In 2004, Marshall was named to the Professional Football Researchers Association Hall of Very Good in the association's second HOVG class. Marshall was a finalist for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2004, but was not elected. In 2008, NFL Network named Marshall the second-best player not in the Hall of Fame on their NFL Top 10 program, behind only Green Bay Packers offensive lineman Jerry Kramer; Kramer would be inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2018. In 2023 and 2024, he was listed as a semifinalist for the senior nominees, but failed to advance to the final 12.

The Wrong Way Run
During his time with the Minnesota Vikings, Marshall's most infamous moment took place. Marshall was playing in a game against the San Francisco 49ers on October 25, 1964.

After recovering an offensive fumble, Marshall ran 66 yards the wrong way into his team's own end zone. After completing the run, thinking that he had scored a touchdown for the Vikings, Marshall then pitched the ball in celebration, and the ball landed out of bounds, resulting in a safety for the 49ers. Marshall didn't realize what he'd done until 49ers lineman Bruce Bosley thanked him, and teammate Fran Tarkenton, who was on the near sideline followed by telling Marshall what he'd done. According to Marshall, when he approached Vikings head coach Norm Van Brocklin after the play, all Van Brocklin said was, "Well Jim, you've done the most interesting thing in this game today." Despite the gaffe, the Vikings won the game 27–22, thanks to a forced fumble by Marshall, which Eller returned for a touchdown.

Marshall later received a letter from Roy Riegels, infamous for a wrong-way run in the 1929 Rose Bowl, stating, "Welcome to the club." In 2019, Marshall's miscue was ranked No. 54 among the NFL's 100 Greatest Plays.

NFL records

 * Most seasons played by a defensive player: 20 (tied with Darrell Green and Junior Seau)
 * Most complete seasons played by a defensive player: 20
 * Most consecutive games played by a defensive player: 289
 * Most consecutive regular-season games played by a defensive player: 282
 * Most consecutive game starts by a defensive player: 277
 * Most consecutive regular-season starts played by a defensive player: 270
 * Most consecutive regular-season starts played with one team: 270
 * Most opponent fumbles recovered: 29
 * Most fumble recoveries by a defensive end: 30
 * Most yardage lost on a fumble recovery: 66

title: Jim Marshall (defensive end)


text:
Michael Arad

Michael Arad (Hebrew: מיכאל ארד) is an Israeli-American architect who is best known for being the designer of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum. He won the competition to design the memorial in 2004.

Early life and education
Arad, an Israeli citizen, was born in 1969 in London. London was where his father, Moshe Arad, a former Israeli ambassador to the United States and Mexico, was on a diplomatic mission. Arad lived in Jerusalem for nine years. He did his military service in a Golani Brigade commando unit.

Arad received a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College, and a master's degree from Georgia Institute of Technology's College of Architecture.

Career
He moved to New York City in 1999 and worked as an architect at Kohn Pedersen Fox for three years. After KPF, Arad briefly worked for Leclere Associate Architects. When he submitted his design to the competition for the World Trade Center memorial, he was working for the New York City Housing Authority, designing police stations for the New York City Police Department. Arad now works for Handel Architects, which has offices in New York and San Francisco.

Ideas for design
Unidentified human remains recovered from the World Trade Center site would be interred at the bottom of the North Tower footprint at the site's deepest point, 70 feet underground. At street level, with the help of landscape architect Peter Walker, Arad proposed a cobblestone plaza with moss and grass and planted with eastern white pine trees.

"This design proposes a space that resonates with the feelings of loss and absence that were generated by the death and destruction at the World Trade Center," Arad said in the statement.

Initially criticized for the starkness of the design and failure to differentiate the civilian victims from those who died in the line of duty, Arad presented a revised version in conjunction with Walker. The high cost of the project, originally estimated at $1 billion, also sparked controversy.

Personal life
Arad resides in Douglaston, Queens, New York with his wife, Melanie Arad Fitzpatrick, and his children, Nathaniel, Ariel and Daniella.

title: Michael Arad


text:
Talk:Chilhowee, Missouri

Untitled
anyone have any info on slavery in chilhowee?

RE: yes, it is illegal there I have confirmed — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.140.254.99 (talk) 15:28, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

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Rod McKuen

Rodney Marvin McKuen (né Woolever, April 29, 1933 – January 29, 2015) was an American poet, singer-songwriter, and composer. He was one of the best-selling poets in the United States during the late 1960s. Throughout his career, McKuen produced a wide range of recordings, which included popular music, spoken word poetry, film soundtracks and classical music. He earned two Academy Award nominations for his music compositions. McKuen's translations and adaptations of the songs of Jacques Brel were instrumental in bringing the Belgian songwriter to prominence in the English-speaking world. His poetry deals with themes of love, the natural world and spirituality. McKuen's songs sold over 100 million recordings worldwide, and 60 million books of his poetry were sold as well.

Early years
McKuen was born as Rodney Marvin Woolever on April 29, 1933, in a Salvation Army hostel in Oakland, California to Clarice Woolever. Per The New York Times, he had "two birth certificates, each giving conflicting dates and spelling his father's name different ways." He never knew his biological father, who had left his mother. Sexually and physically abused by relatives, raised by his mother and stepfather, who was a violent alcoholic, McKuen ran away from home. He drifted along the West Coast, supporting himself as a ranch hand, surveyor, railroad worker, lumberjack, rodeo cowboy, stuntman, and radio disc jockey, always sending money home to his mother.

At some point, he began using the name "McKuen" as the best approximation of what he thought his father's name was. His mother told him that his father's name was "Mac" McKuen (although she was unsure how it was spelled). At one point later in life, McKuen hired a detective agency to try to locate his father. Per The New York Times, "Whether or not he found his father, at least he (and the detectives) found a man 10 years deceased who satisfies him -- Rodney Marion McKune, a lumberman in Utah, twice married (the last time to a woman 20 years his senior), who at the close of his life was an iceman in Santa Monica, Calif., 20 miles from where McKuen was living. No relative of this McKune remembers him taking a trip from Utah to Oakland that summer of 1932 when the author was conceived, but a Mormon churchman remembers taking a trip there with him in 1931 or 1932."

To compensate for his lack of formal education, McKuen began keeping a journal, which resulted in his first poetry and song lyrics. After dropping out of Oakland Technical High School prior to graduating in 1951, McKuen worked as a newspaper columnist and propaganda script writer during the Korean War. He settled in San Francisco, where he read his poetry in clubs alongside Beat poets like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. He began performing as a folk singer at the famed Purple Onion. Over time, he began incorporating his own songs into his act. He was signed to Decca Records and released several pop albums in the late 1950s. McKuen also appeared as an actor in Rock, Pretty Baby (1956), Summer Love (1958), and the western Wild Heritage (1958). He also sang with Lionel Hampton's band. In 1959, McKuen moved to New York City to compose and conduct music for the TV show The CBS Workshop. McKuen appeared on To Tell The Truth on June 18, 1962, as a decoy contestant and described himself as "a published poet and a twist singer."

Discovering Jacques Brel
In the early 1960s, McKuen moved to France, where he first met the Belgian singer-songwriter and chanson singer Jacques Brel. McKuen began to translate the work of this composer into English, which led to the song "If You Go Away" – an international pop-standard – based on Brel's "Ne me quitte pas". McKuen translated Brel's song "Le Moribond" loosely into "Seasons in the Sun", and British folkbeat group The Fortunes charted with the song in the Netherlands in 1969. In 1974, singer Terry Jacks turned McKuen's "Seasons in the Sun" into a best-selling pop hit, and also charted with a cover of "If You Go Away." McKuen also translated songs by other French songwriters, including Georges Moustaki, Gilbert Bécaud, Pierre Delanoé, and Michel Sardou.

In 1978, after hearing of Brel's death, McKuen was quoted as saying, "As friends and as musical collaborators we had traveled, toured and written – together and apart – the events of our lives as if they were songs, and I guess they were. When news of Jacques' death came I stayed locked in my bedroom and drank for a week. That kind of self-pity was something he wouldn't have approved of, but all I could do was replay our songs (our children) and ruminate over our unfinished life together."

Poetry
In the late 1960s, McKuen began to publish books of poetry, earning a substantial following among young people with collections like Stanyan Street & Other Sorrows (1966), Listen to the Warm (1967), and Lonesome Cities (1968). His Lonesome Cities album of readings won a Grammy for Best Spoken Word Recording in 1968. McKuen's poems were translated into eleven languages and his books sold over 1 million copies in 1968 alone. McKuen said that his most romantic poetry was influenced by American poet Walter Benton's two books of poems. McKuen sold over 60 million books worldwide, according to the Associated Press.

Songwriting
McKuen wrote over 1,500 songs and released up to 200 albums which have accounted for the sale of over 100 million records worldwide according to the Associated Press. His songs have been performed by such diverse artists as Robert Goulet, Glenn Yarbrough, Barbra Streisand, Perry Como, Petula Clark, Waylon Jennings, The Boston Pops, Chet Baker, Jimmie Rodgers, Johnny Cash, Pete Fountain, Andy Williams, The Kingston Trio, Percy Faith, the London Philharmonic, Nana Mouskouri, Daliah Lavi,Julio Iglesias, Dusty Springfield, Johnny Mathis, Al Hirt, Greta Keller, Aaron Freeman, and Frank Sinatra.

In 1959, McKuen released his first novelty single with Bob McFadden, under the pseudonym Dor on the Brunswick label, called "The Mummy". The McKuen-written song reached No. 39 on the Billboard pop chart. In 1961, he had a hit single titled "Oliver Twist". He co-wrote it along with Gladys Shelley and the Spiral label-issued single reached No. 76 on the Billboard pop chart. His hoarse and throaty singing voice on these and other recordings was a result of McKuen straining his vocal cords in 1961 due to too many promotional appearances.

He collaborated with numerous composers, including Arthur Greenslade, Henry Mancini, John Williams, and Anita Kerr. His symphonies, concertos, and other orchestral works have been performed by orchestras around the globe. His work as a composer in the film industry garnered him two Academy Award nominations for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969) and A Boy Named Charlie Brown (1969), and his other film scores have included Joanna (1968), Me, Natalie (1969), Scandalous John (1971), The Borrowers (1973) and Emily (1976). McKuen's contribution to A Boy Named Charlie Brown, the first feature-length animation based on Charles M. Schulz's comic strip Peanuts also included him singing the title song. McKuen also earned a mention in the Peanuts strip dated October 3, 1969, in which Sally Brown expresses her frustration that she was sent to the principal's office for an outburst in art class, opining that Pablo Picasso and Rod McKuen surely must have had trouble drawing cows' legs when they were young.

In 1967, McKuen began collaborating with arranger Anita Kerr and the San Sebastian Strings for a series of albums featuring McKuen's poetry recited over Kerr's mood music, including The Sea (1967), The Earth (1967), The Sky (1968), Home to the Sea (1969), For Lovers (1969), and The Soft Sea (1970). Jesse Pearson was the narrator of The Sea and its follow-ups Home to the Sea and The Soft Sea, while most other albums in the series had McKuen narrating. In 1969, Frank Sinatra commissioned an entire album of poems and songs by McKuen; arranged by Don Costa, it was released under the title A Man Alone: The Words and Music of Rod McKuen. The album featured the song "Love's Been Good to Me", which became one of McKuen's best-known songs.

McKuen performed solo in a half-hour special broadcast by NBC on May 10, 1969. The program, billed as McKuen's "first television special", featured the songs "The Loner", "The World I Used to Know", "The Complete Madame Butterfly", "I've Been to Town", "Kaleidoscope", "Stanyan Street", "Lonesome Cities", "Listen to the Warm", "Trashy", and "Merci Beaucoup". It was produced by Lee Mendelson, producer of the Peanuts specials, and directed by Marty Pasetta. James Trittipo designed a set that was "evocative of waterfront pilings" and Arthur Greenslade conducted the orchestra. In 1971, he hosted a series, The Rod McKuen Show, on BBC television in the UK. McKuen's Academy Award-nominated composition "Jean", sung by Oliver, reached No.1 in 1969 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and stayed there for four weeks. In 1971, his song "I Think of You" was a major hit for Perry Como. Other popular McKuen compositions included "The World I Used to Know", "Rock Gently", "Doesn't Anybody Know My Name", "The Importance of the Rose", "Without a Worry in the World", and "Soldiers Who Want to Be Heroes".

In 1971, McKuen became popular in the Netherlands, where the singles "Soldiers Who Want to Be Heroes" and "Without a Worry in the World" reached number one in the charts, as did the album Greatest Hits, Vol. 3. All three discs earned him gold records; in 1971 he was voted the Netherlands' most popular entertainer by Radio Veronica's audience.

During the 1970s, McKuen began composing larger-scale orchestral compositions, writing a series of concertos, suites, symphonies, and chamber pieces for orchestra. He continued publishing a steady stream of poetry books throughout the decade. In 1977, he published Finding My Father, a chronicle of his search for information on his biological father. The book and its publicity helped make such information more readily available to adopted children. He also continued to record, releasing albums such as New Ballads (1970), Pastorale (1971), and the country-rock outing McKuen Country (1976).

McKuen continued to perform concerts around the world and appeared regularly at New York's Carnegie Hall throughout the 1970s, making sporadic appearances as recently as the early 2000s.

Later years
In 1973, at forty, McKuen radically changed his outward appearance: he no longer bleached his hair and he grew a beard.

McKuen retired from live performances in 1981. The following year, he was diagnosed with clinical depression, which he battled for much of the next decade. He continued to write poetry, however, and made appearances as a voice-over actor in The Little Mermaid and on its spin-off TV series, as well as on the TV series The Critic.

2001 saw the publication of McKuen's A Safe Place to Land, which contains 160 pages of new poetry. For 10 years he gave an annual birthday concert at Carnegie Hall or the Lincoln Center. He released the double CD The Platinum Collection and was remastering all of his RCA and Warner Bros. recordings for release as CD boxed sets. In addition to his artistic pursuits he was the Executive President of the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA), a post he held longer than any other man or woman elected to the position.

McKuen lived in Beverly Hills, California, with his partner Edward Habib, whom he called his "brother", and four cats in a large rambling Spanish house built in 1928, which housed one of the world's largest private record collections. He died of respiratory arrest, a result of pneumonia, at a hospital in Beverly Hills, California, on January 29, 2015.

LGBT activism
McKuen never publicly identified with a particular sexual orientation, though he did describe his sexuality by saying, "I can't imagine choosing one sex over the other, that's just too limiting. I can't even honestly say I have a preference." He was active in the LGBT rights movement, and as early as the 1950s, was a key member of the San Francisco chapter of the Mattachine Society, one of the nation's earliest LGBT advocacy organizations.

McKuen often avoided gender references in the lyrics of his love songs. He often gave benefit performances to aid LGBT rights organizations and to fund AIDS research.

Slide... Easy In
The cover of McKuen's 1977 album Slide... Easy In featured a photo of popular gay adult actor Bruno's arm gripping a handful of vegetable shortening;  the can was a pastiche of Crisco – then widely used by gay men as a sexual lubricant for fisting – with the label instead reading "Disco". An inscription on the cover stated "this was a project everyone had to get into; not just on the surface, but deeply—and together. If you don't feel "easy in" then perhaps your threshold of pain or pleasure needs looking into."

That same year, McKuen spoke out against singer Anita Bryant and her "Save Our Children" campaign to repeal an anti-discrimination ordinance in Miami, tagging Bryant with the nickname "Ginny Orangeseed", and also including a song on Slide... Easy In titled "Don't Drink the Orange Juice"—which the album cover states was written and recorded on her birthday —referencing Bryant's fame as commercial spokesperson for the Florida Citrus Commission.

The last track on the album is titled "Full Moon Over The Ansonia Hotel." Until 1976, the Ansonia had been home to the Continental Baths, a gay bathhouse and dance club.

Criticism
Despite his popular appeal, McKuen's work was never taken seriously by critics or academics. Michael Baers observed in Gale Research's St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture that "through the years his books have drawn uniformly unkind reviews. In fact, criticism of his poetry is uniformly vituperative ..." In a Washington Post obituary, Matt Schudel suggests that McKuen's commercial success engendered a backlash from the literary community. McKuen himself quipped that "The most unforgivable sin in the world is to be a bestselling poet".

Frank W. Hoffmann, in Arts and Entertainment Fads, described McKuen's poetry as "tailor-made for the 1960s ... poetry with a verse that drawled in country cadences from one shapeless line to the next, carrying the rusticated innocence of a Carl Sandburg thickened by the treacle of a man who preferred to prettify the world before he described it".

Philosopher and social critic Robert C. Solomon described McKuen's poetry as "sweet kitsch," and, at the height of his popularity in 1969, Newsweek magazine called him "the King of Kitsch."

Writer and literary critic Nora Ephron said, "[F]or the most part, McKuen's poems are superficial and platitudinous and frequently silly." Pulitzer Prize-winning US Poet Laureate Karl Shapiro said, "It is irrelevant to speak of McKuen as a poet. His poetry is not even trash."

In a Chicago Tribune interview with McKuen in 2001 as he was "testing the waters" for a comeback tour, Pulitzer Prize-winning culture critic Julia Keller claimed that "Millions more have loathed him [...] finding his work so schmaltzy and smarmy that it makes the pronouncements of Kathie Lee Gifford sound like Susan Sontag," and that his work "drives many people crazy. They find it silly and mawkish, the kind of gooey schmaltz that wouldn't pass muster in a freshman creative-writing class" while stating that "The masses ate him up with a spoon, while highbrow literary critics roasted him on a spit." She noted that the third concert on his tour had already been canceled because of sluggish ticket sales.

In May 2019, Backbeat Books published A Voice of the Warm: The Life of Rod McKuen by Barry Alfonso. This was the first in-depth biography of McKuen. In his introduction to the book, singer and music historian Michael Feinstein wrote that McKuen's life and work held a significant place in pop culture: "[McKuen] knew how to create something that made a reader or listener say, 'That's me.' Like Gershwin's, his work is a document of the time in which it was created. But what he did also transcends that time and still speaks fundamentally to the things that matter to people: romance, relationships, the human condition. Those things don't change. He used the vernacular of his time to reach the widest audience. But at its essence, his work is still valid and, I think, timeless."

Poetry

 * And Autumn Came (Pageant Press, 1954)
 * Stanyan Street & Other Sorrows (Stanyan Music, 1966)
 * Listen to the Warm (Random House, 1967)
 * Lonesome Cities (Random House, 1968)
 * And Autumn Came (Revised Edition) (Cheval Books, 1969)
 * In Someone's Shadow (Cheval Books/Random House, 1969)
 * Twelve Years of Christmas (Cheval Books/Random House, 1969)
 * Caught in the Quiet (Stanyan Books, 1970)
 * Fields of Wonder (Cheval Books/Random House, 1971)
 * The Carols of Christmas (Cheval Books/Random House, 1971)
 * And to Each Season (Simon & Schuster, 1972)
 * Moment to Moment (Cheval Books, 1972)
 * Come to Me in Silence (Simon & Schuster, 1973)
 * Moment to Moment (Revised Edition) (Simon & Schuster, 1974)
 * Beyond the Boardwalk (Cheval Books, 1975)
 * Celebrations of the Heart (Simon & Schuster, 1975)
 * The Sea Around Me... (Simon & Schuster, 1975)
 * Coming Close to the Earth (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
 * We Touch the Sky (Simon & Schuster, 1979)
 * The Power Bright and Shining (Simon & Schuster, 1980)
 * A Book of Days (Harper & Row, 1980)
 * The Beautiful Strangers (Simon & Schuster, 1981)
 * Book of Days and a Month of Sundays (Harper & Row, 1981)
 * The Sound of Solitude (Harper & Row, 1983)
 * Suspension Bridge (Harper & Row, 1984)
 * Intervals (Harper & Row/Cheval Books, 1986)
 * Valentines (Harper & Row/Cheval Books, 1986)
 * A Safe Place to Land (Cheval Books, 2001)
 * Rusting in the Rain (Cheval Books, 2004)

Lyrics

 * The Songs of Rod McKuen (Cheval Books, 1969)
 * With Love (Stanyan Books, 1970)
 * New Ballads (Stanyan Books, 1970)
 * Pastorale (Stanyan Books, 1971)
 * The Carols Christmas (Cheval/Random House, 1971)
 * Grand Tour (Stanyan Books, 1972)

Prose

 * Finding My Father (Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1976)
 * An Outstretched Hand (Cheval Books/Harper & Row, 1980)

Original paperbacks

 * Seasons in the Sun (Pocket Books, 1974)
 * Alone (Pocket Books, 1975)
 * Hand in Hand (Pocket Books, 1977)
 * Finding My Father (Cheval Books/Berkeley Books, 1977)
 * Love's Been Good to Me (Pocket Books, 1979)
 * Looking for a Friend (Pocket Books, 1980)
 * Too Many Midnights (Pocket Books, 1981)
 * Watch for the Wind (Pocket Books, 1983)

title: Rod McKuen


text:
Norman Cafik

Norman Augustine Cafik, (December 29, 1928 – September 30, 2016) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Toronto, Ontario of a Ukrainian-Polish father and a Scottish-Irish mother, Cafik was unsuccessful in his attempts to win a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1962 and 1963 elections, but was elected as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Ontario in the 1968 election.

Cafik's 1972 re-election, defeating former Diefenbaker era minister Frank Charles McGee was particularly notable. He was initially reported to have lost his riding, yielding a 108-seat tie between the Stanfield Progressive Conservatives and the Trudeau Liberals. Subsequent re-count confirmed Cafik's victory over McGee by 4 votes, giving the Liberals a two-seat lead in the minority parliament.

He attempted to move to provincial politics, running in 1973 for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party. He lost on the third ballot of the leadership convention to Robert Nixon.

In 1977, he was the second person of Ukrainian descent to be appointed to the Canadian Cabinet when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau made him Minister of State for Multiculturalism. (Michael Starr was appointed by John Diefenbaker as the first Ukrainian in Cabinet.) He lost his seat in the House in the 1979 election that defeated the Trudeau government and returned to private life. He died on September 30, 2016.

title: Norman Cafik


text:
Back to the Known

Back to the Known is the second EP released by American punk rock band Bad Religion. The name of the EP is a reference to the band abandoning the progressive rock influences of its previous album, 1983's Into the Unknown, and returning to its punk roots.

The album features the fan favorite, "Along The Way", which is a staple of their live shows today. During a live show in the mid 1980s, they played the song twice in a row at a sped-up pace the second time.

History
Frontman Greg Graffin partially brought Bad Religion back together in 1984 and hired two new members, Circle Jerks guitarist Greg Hetson (who would remain with the band until 2013) and bassist Tim Gallegos. Drummer Pete Finestone (who left in 1982) also rejoined during this time. The new line-up recorded a new EP, which had only five songs, and was just over ten minutes long. It was originally released in a 12" format, with only one side of the vinyl containing all five tracks. The A side contained no music or sound of any kind and was mirror-smooth. It was re-released as part of the 1991 compilation '80-'85, and again remastered for the 2004 reissue, How Could Hell Be Any Worse?.

There has been some confusion over when Back to the Known was released. Due to a typo on a number of internet sources and the back cover of the vinyl, many believe that the EP was released in 1984, but this appears to be false. According to a Bad Religion fan site, the EP was recorded in 1985 with then-former and now-current guitarist Brett Gurewitz producing it.

No songs from this EP made it on to the band's 1995 compilation album All Ages.

Trivia

 * Track 3, "Bad Religion", is a remake of the song from their 1981 self-titled EP.
 * In 2009, a fan poll cited "Along the Way" as one of the band's best songs.

Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.

 * Greg Graffin – vocals, acoustic guitar on "New Leaf", production
 * Greg Hetson – electric guitar
 * Tim Gallegos – bass
 * Pete Finestone – drums
 * Brett Gurewitz – production, engineering

title: Back to the Known


text:
Wikipedia:Literature collaboration of the fortnight/History

This is a list of past LCOTWs. Newest are at the top

Doctor Zhivago (2)
Nearly made the regular COTW, but just missed out. Important text in dire need of work. Ambi 00:02, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Ambi 00:02, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) PlasmaDragon 19:16, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) NeoJustin 02:35, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Comments

Faust, Part 1 (4)
If I may nominate something, this article really needs work. It is one of the most important works in the Western canon, and it is in abominable shape. I hope you consider it. Danny

Support Comments
 * 1) Danny
 * 2) [[User:OldakQuill|Oldak Quill]] 19:12, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) PlasmaDragon 19:16, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Maarten van Vliet 18:15, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

A Tale of Two Cities (4)

 * Nominated Oct. 7; needs 3 votes by Oct. 14 (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support: Comments:
 * 1) SimonP 01:59, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 22:37, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) J OHN C OLLISON | (Ludraman) 08:42, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 18:33, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Very little on one of the most important works by one of the most important English language authors.

Became LCOTW on October 10th 2004

John B Keane (2)

 * Nominated October 8; needs 3 votes by October 15 (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) CGorman 19:05, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) J OHN C OLLISON | (Ludraman) 08:42, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * John B Keane doesn,t even have an article at the moment - for such a famous playwright and writer - it's amazing. CGorman 19:05, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Oscar Wilde (4)

 * Nominated October 8; needs 3 votes by October 15 (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Filiocht 07:23, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) The Anome 12:51, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Deb 17:26, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) PedanticallySpeaking 18:19, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A major figure with lots to write about and the current article, though long, is a mess. Filiocht 07:23, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The LCOTW is meant for stubs. Although a mess this article isn't stubby at all. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:03, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * What is says at the top of the page is 'a specific literature-related topic (books, authors etc.) which initially either has no article, has only a basic stub-like page, or is in need of more information.' Wilde needs much more information!. Filiocht 11:05, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I support working on this article too: it's a very fuzzy collection of facts about a major literary figure who deserves much better. -- The Anome 12:50, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * COTW for week beginning Nov 7.

The Valley of Fear (4)

 * Nominated October 7th; needs 3 votes by October 14th (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support: Comments:
 * 1) J OHN C OLLISON | (Ludraman) 19:40, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Johnleemk | Talk 14:57, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Jwrosenzweig 06:59, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Filiocht 09:10, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Pretty important book, one of the ones Conan Doyle wrote when Holmes was "dead" J OHN C OLLISON | (Ludraman) 19:40, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * COTW for week beginning Nov 15.

List of poetry anthologies and List of poetry collections (3)

 * Need sorting out to remove overlap and wrongly placed items and expanding beyond their current limits. Filiocht 12:13, Nov 5, 2004 (UTC)

Support:
 * 1) Filiocht 08:56, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) gK 08:45, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Jwrosenzweig 23:24, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * There are a whole bunch of lists on the Wikipedia related to literature that need work, including the two that Filiocht listed. Some of them are way too English-centric (both language and country), others have entries that don't belong on their list, and others seem rather haphazardly put together, mixing the famous and obscure. I'd probably add the List of poets, and List of authors to this list, and I'm sure there are others that I've missed so far. All these lists are also a good way to check for articles and stubs that need to be written. gK 08:45, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The point about those two is well-taken (quite easy to sort, though). The general question about 'notability' of authors is not going to be solved overnight. There are several angles (like wrote a lot, sold a lot, famous, literary merit) and that's before you get to language/cultural perspective. Charles Matthews 12:59, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * My biggest problem with the lists are that they are extremely English language oriented. I've added a few of the major historical Japanese poetry anthologies, but there are more to add (see List of Japanese Anthologies). There must be similar sorts of anthologies for other languages. There are some of the English-language Penguin Book poetry anthologies, but the Penguin Book of Japanese Verse is missing. gK 03:16, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Certainly English-oriented. I have quite a number of the Penguin 'regional' collections (eg Japanese verse, German verse, Greek verse). I did hesitate about the authoritative nature of, say, the Penguin Book of German Verse (better have a collection from Germany, really); but this might be too scrupulous, and I wouldn't criticise anyone who wanted to process any such collection. Charles Matthews 11:23, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Personally, I don't think a list of anthologies is all that interesting. Who knows how many poetry anthologies are printed every day. With the rare exeption (Norton's, for example), I don't think most anthologies are noteworthy or encyclopedic. Poets, on the other hand, are a whole different matter. This discussion has inspired me to create List of Hebrew language authors, with the forthcoming spinoffs List of Hebrew language poets and List of Hebrew language playwrights. --Woggly 12:00, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The Japanese Imperial Anthologies like the Manyoshu are something very different since they were essentially very large anthologies of anthologies which might cover a century or more in time. There really isn't anything equivalent to them in English. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 12:17, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Some English anthologies are crucial in Lit history, 'Des Imagistes and Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain being two cases in point. Filiocht 12:42, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ruth Pitter is an example of but one poet whose inclusion in an anthology had a reasonable impact on her stature and reputation. I think tracking the major anthologies is useful, if only to help us track the rising and falling fortunes of poets over time -- how detailed we are is, of course, very much up for debate. Jwrosenzweig 23:24, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * COTW for week beginning Nov 22.

Novel (3)

 * Inadequate article and I suspect we could all add to it. Filiocht 12:13, Nov 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * --Tslag 16:00, Nov 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Charles Matthews 05:33, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * COTW for week beginning Dec 6.

Alexandros Papadiamantis (8)

 * Nominated January 3; needs 3 votes by January 10 (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support: Comments: Links: here and here.
 * 1) Project2501a 16:33, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 2)  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 23:41, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC) - couldnt hurt :)
 * 3) Etz Haim 16:29, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Nkour 21:01, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Diomidis Spinellis 22:00, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Mavros 01:17, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Kostasge 08:50, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Kapnisma 12:29, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm nominating this because Alexandros Papadiamantis was a noted Greek author. His most noted novel "The Murderess" (Η Φόνισσα), portrays a chilling depiction of life in pre-WWI Greece, life that led thousands of Greeks to immigrate to the USA, Germany and Australia by the end of the 1940s. His work in depicting Greek life, as nobel-winner poet Odyseas Elitis (yet another article waiting to be written), combined with that plain kind of narration that grips you of the writings of Nikos Kazantzakis, both of which were, by the way, contemporay to Papadiamantis'.

Scottish literature (4)

 * Nominated January 1; needs 3 votes by January 8 (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Deb 14:53, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Filiocht 15:31, Jan 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Awadewit 4 January 2005
 * 4) Man vyi 12:18, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Comments:
 * I'm nominating this because we should be able to find lots to say on the subject. It's criminal that it's just a stub at the moment

 * I agree with the previous comment. Perhaps we should work on this in periods? For example, although Hume has a huge article, it would be nice to explain his relationship to other Scottish writers of the time and the role of Scottish writers in the 18c more generally. Is that the kind of thing we're looking for here? Perhaps we could integrate the Scottish Renaissance page into this one as an individual section?   --Awadewit 4 January 2005

Arabic Literature

 * Nominated [17 February]; needs 3 votes by [24 February] (minimum 3 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) 500LL 13:50, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Jmabel | Talk 18:57, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Danny 22:21, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC) | I added some a couple of weeks ago. I will try to add more.
 * 4) Darwinek 19:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Comments: There was only few information about this wide and important genre of literature.


text:
De Gordel

De Gordel (Dutch, pronounced, meaning "the belt") is a family cycling and walking event in the Brussels Periphery of Belgium. The event is organised by Sport Vlaanderen, each year since 1981 on the first Sunday of September. It is meant as a symbolic affirmation that the municipalities involved are part of Flanders. It also expresses the solidarity of the entire Flemish community with the Flemings living in these villages.

Depending on the weather, up to 100,000 participants (in 2005) attend, either cycling or walking. In 2008, bad weather resulted in the lower attendance number of 58,000. The 2010 edition saw more than 80,000 participants.

While opinion on the event varies, some French-speakers see participation as a political move by those who choose to take part (including Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt in 2005). In 2006, Minister-President of Flanders Yves Leterme said: "The Gordel is a pleasant way to say that we want to keep the villages around Brussels Flemish.". As Prime Minister, Yves Leterme did not participate in 2008.

So close to Brussels, and passing through several Flemish towns with French-speaking majorities in some areas, this sports event gains wide television coverage through news reports and serves as a very visual reminder that linguistic and political divisions among neighbouring regions and even neighbours themselves remain alive in the area immediately surrounding Brussels.

Incidents
De Gordel has fallen victim to sabotage actions several times in the past. During the 2006 event, local police caught a well-known French-speaking lawyer, Sébastien Courtoy, and another person throwing thumbtacks on the road. In 2008 and 2010 an increase in thumbtack throwing was noted.

Gordelroute permanent cycle route
The Gordelroute is a permanent cycle route encircling Brussels, based on De Gordel. It does not follow the same route as that used in the event, mainly following quieter roads and cycle paths, but is approximately the same distance (100 km).

title: De Gordel


text:
Zofingen District

Zofingen District is a district in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is located in the southwest corner of the Canton. The seat is Zofingen. The largest municipality in population is Oftringen, the smallest is Wiliberg. It has a population of (as of ).

Geography
Bezirk Zofingen has an area,, of 141.97 km2. Of this area, 55.93 km2 or 39.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 61.82 km2 or 43.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.43 km2 or 16.5% is settled (buildings or roads).

Demographics
Zofingen district has a population of. , 20.4% of the population are foreign nationals.

Economy
there were 30,570 workers who lived in the district. Of these, 21,580 or about 70.6% of the residents worked outside the Zofingen district while 16,514 people commuted into the district for work. There were a total of 25,504 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the district.

Religion
From the, 15,245 or 26.2% were Roman Catholic, while 31,061 or 53.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 130 individuals (or about 0.22% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.

Education
Of the school age population, there are 4,351 students attending primary school, there are 1,689 students attending secondary school, there are 1,062 students attending tertiary or university level schooling, and there are 9 students who are seeking a job after school in the municipality.

Mergers
The following changes to the district's municipalities have occurred since 2000:

 * 2002: Mühlethal merged into Zofingen
 * 2019: Attelwil merged into Reitnau

title: Zofingen District


text:
François de Vendôme

François de Vendôme may refer to various members of the House of Vendôme, in particular:

 * François de Vendôme, Vidame de Chartres (1522–1560), French soldier and courtier
 * Francis, Count of Enghien (1519–1546), French general
 * François de Vendôme, Duc de Beaufort (1616–1669), French politician and admiral

title: François de Vendôme


text:
Talk:SQLite

following MySql syntax, not postgres'
given postgresql follows mysql in doing automatic type conversions, and SQLite has AUTOINCREMENT, i suggest the text to be amended : SQLIte generally follows MySql's syntax — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:E35:8A25:4D20:419B:56A9:5A22:16D7 (talk) 06:00, 15 June 2019 (UTC)

Intro goes on at length about a fairly minor technical detail?
In the intro section there is the following:

 * SQLite generally follows PostgreSQL syntax. SQLite uses a dynamically and weakly typed SQL syntax that does not guarantee the domain integrity.[7] This means that one can, for example, insert a string into a column defined as an integer. SQLite will attempt to convert data between formats where appropriate, the string "123" into an integer in this case, but does not guarantee such conversions and will store the data as-is if such a conversion is not possible.

This takes up almost half the introduction and to me seems like a technical detail that is not what the first thing I would bring up if someone asked me to describe what SQLite is. I'm nominating that for deletion, with the possibility of maybe making it stand out more in the design section, perhaps as a titled subsection. Thoughts? 24.228.172.139 (talk) 05:26, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

 * It could be discussed how much to emphasise and where exactly to put this, but outright deletion is way wild. This is not a "fairly minor technical detail", it's a huge issue.
 * Another huge issue is with the article itself: It's rather outdated in places. For instance, the above-mentioned "technical detail" has been largely fixed since November 2021 (IIRC), by using the keyword "strict" when creating a table. (This is mentioned in several other places in the article, most notably along the lines of "this was announced in 2015, but nothing has been heard since" [Quoted from memory].) -- CRConrad (talk) 10:35, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

Verification failed: Inclusion with Windows 10
I saw this in the article: "SQLite is included by default in: [...] Windows 10"

Sadly, whoever had written this was too careless with checking their source: If you look at the source, however, you see that it recommends two options: Entity Framework and Microsoft.Data.Sqlite. Now, click on the "Microsoft.Data.Sqlite" link. (Here is a reproduction of that link: ) As you can see, the GitHub repo for this component has been shuttered. This project has been merged with Entity Framework. (See the Readme section of the repo.) Waysidesc (talk) 00:26, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Grammar: 'a' vs. 'an' SQLite database
This article currently uses both 'a' and 'an' as the indefinite article when referring to 'SQLite database'. Which is correct depends on pronunciation, but it would probably be good to at least be consistent.

The official SQLite documentation uses 'an' exclusively from what I can tell, which is also consistent with the creator's pronunciation of "ess queue ell light". Willbicks (talk) 05:16, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

 * . I think 'an' makes more sense because "ess queue ell" seems like the official pronunciation, while "sequel" is just a shorthand people use. –CWenger ( ^ •  @ ) 13:50, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:SQLite