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Talk:Bank station (Ottawa)

Untitled
On these Transitway station pages, I don't think we need to list the routes that visit the station. This information is subject to change as route assignments change, and don't really add much to differentiate one station from another. -wolfstu

title: Talk:Bank station (Ottawa)


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User talk:Slits

Hi Slits, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are a few helpful links to start you off: Avoiding common mistakes, How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style, Policies and guidelines, Help, Merging pages.

If you need help or are curious about something, feel free to ask on my talk page or the village pump. You can sign your name and a date stamp on comments using four tildes ( ~ ). If you have any further questions, feel free to ask, and I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian!

Andre ( talk )A| 14:47, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Slits


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Bromargyrite

Bromyrite or bromargyrite  is a natural mineral form of silver bromide found mainly in Mexico and Chile. Hardness is 1.5 to 2. Related are chlorargyrite and iodyrite.

It was first described in 1859 for an occurrence in Plateros, Zacatecas, Mexico where it occurred in a silver deposit as an oxidation product of primary ore minerals. It occurs in arid environments along with native silver, iodargyrite and smithsonite along with iron and manganese oxide minerals.

title: Bromargyrite


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Billy (crater)

Billy is a lunar impact crater that is located at the southern fringes of the Oceanus Procellarum, in the western hemisphere of the Moon. It was named after French mathematician Jacques de Billy. It lies to the southeast of the similar-sized crater Hansteen, and west-southwest of the flooded Letronne.

The interior floor of Billy has been flooded by basaltic lava, leaving a dark surface due to the low albedo. The portion of the rim remaining above the surface is narrow and low, with a thin inner wall. Only a few tiny craterlets mark the interior.

To the north of the crater is a triangular mountainous formation named Mons Hansteen, from the nearby crater. Southeast of Billy is a rille, designated Rima Billy, that runs 70 kilometers to the south.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Billy.

title: Billy (crater)


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Vectis

Vectis may refer to:

Places

 * Vectis, the ancient Roman name for the Isle of Wight

Organisations

 * Vectis Bus Company, the forerunner of present day Isle of Wight bus company Southern Vectis, set up in the early 1920s.
 * Vectis postal service, a postal service set up to serve the Isle of Wight during the postal strikes of 1971.
 * The Vectis National Party, a minor political party operating on the Isle of Wight in the early 1970s.
 * The Vectis Tigers, an English ice hockey team on the Isle of Wight founded in 2007, now known as the Wightlink Tigers.
 * Vectis Radio, a radio station launched in 2010 by former Isle of Wight Radio DJ Ian Mac.

Other uses

 * The Vectis Formation, an Early Cretaceous fossil-bearing geological formation on the Isle of Wight
 * HMS Vectis (disambiguation), a name used more than once by the British Royal Navy
 * Calipt'Air Vectis, a Swiss paraglider design
 * Vectis forceps (Single bladed Caesarean forceps)
 * Minolta Vectis S series，film SLR cameras made by Minolta

title: Vectis


text:
Modular lattice

In the branch of mathematics called order theory, a modular lattice is a lattice that satisfies the following self-dual condition,
 * Modular law:$a ≤ b$ implies $a ∨ (x ∧ b) = (a ∨ x) ∧ b$

where $x, a, b$ are arbitrary elements in the lattice, ≤  is the partial order, and  ∨  and  ∧ (called join and meet respectively) are the operations of the lattice. This phrasing emphasizes an interpretation in terms of projection onto the sublattice $[a, b]$, a fact known as the diamond isomorphism theorem. An alternative but equivalent condition stated as an equation (see below) emphasizes that modular lattices form a variety in the sense of universal algebra.

Modular lattices arise naturally in algebra and in many other areas of mathematics. In these scenarios, modularity is an abstraction of the 2nd Isomorphism Theorem. For example, the subspaces of a vector space (and more generally the submodules of a module over a ring) form a modular lattice.

In a not necessarily modular lattice, there may still be elements $b$ for which the modular law holds in connection with arbitrary elements $x$ and $a$ (for $a ≤ b$). Such an element is called a right modular element. Even more generally, the modular law may hold for any $a$ and a fixed pair $(x, b)$. Such a pair is called a modular pair, and there are various generalizations of modularity related to this notion and to semimodularity.

Modular lattices are sometimes called Dedekind lattices after Richard Dedekind, who discovered the modular identity in several motivating examples.

Introduction
The modular law can be seen as a restricted associative law that connects the two lattice operations similarly to the way in which the associative law λ(μx) = (λμ)x for vector spaces connects multiplication in the field and scalar multiplication.

The restriction $a ≤ b$ is clearly necessary, since it follows from $a ∨ (x ∧ b) = (a ∨ x) ∧ b$. In other words, no lattice with more than one element satisfies the unrestricted consequent of the modular law.

It is easy to see that $a ∨ (x ∧ b) ≤ (a ∨ x) ∧ (a ∨ b)$ implies $a ≤ b$ in every lattice. Therefore, the modular law can also be stated as

 * Modular law (variant): $a ∨ b = b$ implies $a ≤ b$.

The modular law can be expressed as an equation that is required to hold unconditionally. Since $a ∨ (x ∧ b) ≤ (a ∨ x) ∧ b$ implies $a ≤ b$ and since $(a ∨ x) ∧ b ≤ a ∨ (x ∧ b)$, replace $a ≤ b$ with $$ in the defining equation of the modular law to obtain: This shows that, using terminology from universal algebra, the modular lattices form a subvariety of the variety of lattices. Therefore, all homomorphic images, sublattices and direct products of modular lattices are again modular.
 * Modular identity: $a ∧ b ≤ b$.

Examples
The lattice of submodules of a module over a ring is modular. As a special case, the lattice of subgroups of an abelian group is modular.

The lattice of normal subgroups of a group is modular. But in general the lattice of all subgroups of a group is not modular. For an example, the lattice of subgroups of the dihedral group of order 8 is not modular.

The smallest non-modular lattice is the "pentagon" lattice N5 consisting of five elements 0, 1, x, a, b such that 0 < x < b < 1, 0 < a < 1, and a is not comparable to x or to b. For this lattice,
 * x ∨ (a ∧ b) = x ∨ 0 = x < b = 1 ∧ b = (x ∨ a) ∧ b

holds, contradicting the modular law. Every non-modular lattice contains a copy of N5 as a sublattice.

Properties
Every distributive lattice is modular.

proved that, in every finite modular lattice, the number of join-irreducible elements equals the number of meet-irreducible elements. More generally, for every $k$, the number of elements of the lattice that cover exactly $k$ other elements equals the number that are covered by exactly $k$ other elements.

A useful property to show that a lattice is not modular is as follows:

 * A lattice $G$ is modular if and only if, for any $a$,
 * $$\Big((c\leq a)\text{ and }(a\wedge b=c\wedge b)\text{ and }(a\vee b=c\vee b)\Big)\Rightarrow(a=c)$$

Sketch of proof: Let G be modular, and let the premise of the implication hold. Then using absorption and modular identity:

 * c = (c∧b) ∨ c = (a∧b) ∨ c = a ∧ (b∨c) = a ∧ (b∨a) = a

For the other direction, let the implication of the theorem hold in G. Let a,b,c be any elements in G, such that c ≤ a. Let x = (a∧b) ∨ c, y = a ∧ (b∨c). From the modular inequality immediately follows that x ≤ y. If we show that x∧b = y∧b, x∨b = y∨b, then using the assumption x = y must hold. The rest of the proof is routine manipulation with infima, suprema and inequalities.

Diamond isomorphism theorem
For any two elements a,b of a modular lattice, one can consider the intervals [a ∧ b, b] and [a, a ∨ b]. They are connected by order-preserving maps
 * φ: [a ∧ b, b] → [a, a ∨ b] and
 * ψ: [a, a ∨ b] → [a ∧ b, b]

that are defined by φ(x) = x ∨ a and ψ(y) = y ∧ b.

The composition ψφ is an order-preserving map from the interval [a ∧ b, b] to itself which also satisfies the inequality ψ(φ(x)) = (x ∨ a) ∧ b ≥ x. The example shows that this inequality can be strict in general. In a modular lattice, however, equality holds. Since the dual of a modular lattice is again modular, φψ is also the identity on [a, a ∨ b], and therefore the two maps φ and ψ are isomorphisms between these two intervals. This result is sometimes called the diamond isomorphism theorem for modular lattices. A lattice is modular if and only if the diamond isomorphism theorem holds for every pair of elements.

The diamond isomorphism theorem for modular lattices is analogous to the second isomorphism theorem in algebra, and it is a generalization of the lattice theorem.

Modular pairs and related notions
In any lattice, a modular pair is a pair (a, b) of elements such that for all x satisfying a ∧ b ≤ x ≤ b, we have (x ∨ a) ∧ b = x, i.e. if one half of the diamond isomorphism theorem holds for the pair. An element b of a lattice is called a right modular element if (a, b) is a modular pair for all elements a, and an element a is called a left modular element if (a, b) is a modular pair for all elements b.

A lattice with the property that if (a, b) is a modular pair, then (b, a) is also a modular pair is called an M-symmetric lattice. Thus, in an M-symmetric lattice, every right modular element is also left modular, and vice-versa. Since a lattice is modular if and only if all pairs of elements are modular, clearly every modular lattice is M-symmetric. In the lattice N5 described above, the pair (b, a) is modular, but the pair (a, b) is not. Therefore, N5 is not M-symmetric. The centred hexagon lattice S7 is M-symmetric but not modular. Since N5 is a sublattice of S7, it follows that the M-symmetric lattices do not form a subvariety of the variety of lattices.

M-symmetry is not a self-dual notion. A dual modular pair is a pair which is modular in the dual lattice, and a lattice is called dually M-symmetric or M*-symmetric if its dual is M-symmetric. It can be shown that a finite lattice is modular if and only if it is M-symmetric and M*-symmetric. The same equivalence holds for infinite lattices which satisfy the ascending chain condition (or the descending chain condition).

Several less important notions are also closely related. A lattice is cross-symmetric if for every modular pair (a, b) the pair (b, a) is dually modular. Cross-symmetry implies M-symmetry but not M*-symmetry. Therefore, cross-symmetry is not equivalent to dual cross-symmetry. A lattice with a least element 0 is ⊥-symmetric if for every modular pair (a, b) satisfying a ∧ b = 0 the pair (b, a) is also modular.

History
The definition of modularity is due to Richard Dedekind, who published most of the relevant papers after his retirement. In a paper published in 1894 he studied lattices, which he called dual groups (Dualgruppen) as part of his "algebra of modules" and observed that ideals satisfy what we now call the modular law. He also observed that for lattices in general, the modular law is equivalent to its dual.

In another paper in 1897, Dedekind studied the lattice of divisors with gcd and lcm as operations, so that the lattice order is given by divisibility. In a digression he introduced and studied lattices formally in a general context. He observed that the lattice of submodules of a module satisfies the modular identity. He called such lattices dual groups of module type (Dualgruppen vom Modultypus). He also proved that the modular identity and its dual are equivalent.

In the same paper, Dedekind also investigated the following stronger form of the modular identity, which is also self-dual:

 * (x ∧ b) ∨ (a ∧ b) = [x ∨ a] ∧ b.

He called lattices that satisfy this identity dual groups of ideal type (Dualgruppen vom Idealtypus). In modern literature, they are more commonly referred to as distributive lattices. He gave examples of a lattice that is not modular and of a modular lattice that is not of ideal type.

A paper published by Dedekind in 1900 had lattices as its central topic: He described the free modular lattice generated by three elements, a lattice with 28 elements (see picture).

title: Modular lattice


text:
Talk:A Wind in the Door

Untitled
Some references please.

 * Go for it, dude! Ellsworth 02:30, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Publication Dates
It would be nice if someone would provide publication dates for all these works. Jdrice8 01:40, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Setting
Don't we need to put in the setting?

Farandolae link is strange
Is it supposed to link to a folk dance? StainlessSteelScorpion (talk) 02:05, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Wind in the Door


text:
Decaborane

Decaborane, also called decaborane(14), is the borane with the chemical formula B10H14. This white crystalline compound is one of the principal boron hydride clusters, both as a reference structure and as a precursor to other boron hydrides. It is toxic and volatile, giving off a foul odor, like that of burnt rubber or chocolate.

Handling, properties and structure
The physical characteristics of decaborane(14) resemble those of naphthalene and anthracene, all three of which are volatile colorless solids. Sublimation is the common method of purification. Decaborane is highly flammable, and burns with a bright green flame like other boron hydrides. It is not sensitive to moist air, although it hydrolyzes in boiling water, releasing hydrogen and giving a solution of boric acid. It is soluble in cold water as well as a variety of non-polar and moderately polar solvents.

In decaborane, the B10 framework resembles an incomplete octadecahedron. Each boron has one "radial" hydride, and four boron atoms near the open part of the cluster feature extra hydrides. In the language of cluster chemistry, the structure is classified as "nido".

Synthesis and reactions
It is commonly synthesized via the pyrolysis of smaller boron hydride clusters. For example, pyrolysis of B2H6 or B5H9 gives decaborane, with loss of H2. On a laboratory scale, sodium borohydride is treated with boron trifluoride to give NaB11H14, which is acidified to release borane and hydrogen gas.

It reacts with Lewis bases (L) such as CH3CN and Et2S, to form adducts:
 * B10H14 + 2 L → B10H12L2 + H2

These species, which are classified as "arachno" clusters, in turn react with acetylene to give the "closo" ortho-carborane:
 * B10H12·2L + C2H2 → C2B10H12 + 2 L + H2

Decaborane(14) is a weak Brønsted acid. Monodeprotonation generates the anion [B10H13]−, with again a nido structure.

In the Brellochs reaction, decaborane is converted to arachno-CB9H14−:
 * B10H14 + CH2O  + 2 OH−  +  H2O  →  CB9H14−  +  B(OH)4−  +  H2

Possible applications
Decaborane has no significant commercial applications, although the compound has often been investigated. It and its derivatives were investigated as an additive to special high-performance rocket fuels. Its derivates were investigated as well, e.g. ethyl decaborane.

Decaborane is an effective reagent for the reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes.

Decaborane has been assessed for low energy ion implantation of boron in the manufacture of semiconductors. It has also been considered for plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition for the manufacture of boron-containing thin films. In fusion research, the neutron-absorbing nature of boron has led to the use of these thin boron-rich films to "boronize" the walls of the tokamak vacuum vessel to reduce recycling of particles and impurities into the plasma and improve overall performance. It has been evaluated in the context of nuclear fusion.

Safety
Decaborane, like pentaborane, is a powerful toxin affecting the central nervous system, although decaborane is less toxic than pentaborane. It can be absorbed through skin.

Purification by sublimation require a dynamic vacuum to remove evolved gases. Crude samples explode near 100 °C.

It forms an explosive mixture with carbon tetrachloride, which caused an often-mentioned explosion in a manufacturing facility.

In crystalline form, it reacts violently with red and white fuming nitric acid which has a use as rocket fuel oxidizer, producing an extremely powerful detonation.

title: Decaborane


text:
Request for information

A request for information (RFI) is a common business process whose purpose is to collect written information about the capabilities of various suppliers. Normally it follows a format that can be used for comparative purposes.

An RFI is primarily used to gather information to help make a decision on what steps to take next. RFIs are therefore seldom the final stage and are instead often used in combination with request for proposal (RFP), request for tender (RFT), and request for quotation (RFQ). In addition to gathering basic information, an RFI is often used as a solicitation sent to a broad base of potential suppliers for the purpose of conditioning suppliers' minds, developing strategy, building a database, and preparing for an RFP, RFT, or RFQ.

An RFI may be open, where information is publicly gathered from anyone interested who wants to provide a submission, or closed, where parties are privately approached to provide information.

The ubiquitous availability of the Internet has made many government agencies turn either to state-run or vendor-operated websites which provide listings of RFIs as well as RFPs and RFQs. Many allow vendors to sign up at no charge to receive e-mails of requests either generally or for specific categories of product or service for which there is an interest. The entire process may be conducted online and collects responses as scanned documents or Portable Document Format (PDF) files uploaded to the server. Or for legal reasons, a response must be sent in hard copy form and/or on CD/DVD disc or USB flash drive by mail or delivery service.

In the construction industry
An RFI is used in the construction industry when a project's construction documentation lacks information that is required to proceed with any given scope of work. It is raised by the general contractor that has been answered by the client, or architect, and distributed to all stakeholders, is generally accepted as a change to the scope of work unless further approval is required for costs associated with the change.

An RFI is common and accepted practice for a subcontractor or supplier to state his/her concern related to the omission or misapplication of a product, and seek further clarification of the building owner's intended use or their official acceptance of the specified product. It is also acceptable for the subcontractor to use an RFI to call attention to an inferior product that may not meet the building owner's needs, and use his/her expertise to recommend the better/correct product.

RFIs were for some years tracked using spreadsheets, but during the early 21st century many companies started using various construction management applications, including document management platforms, to manage RFI processes and help construction professionals save time, reduce costs, and improve quality.

Today, it is common for RFI management software to automatically track all activities related to RFIs and alert all personnel when there are status changes to help increase productivity and avoid construction delays.

Extended components
The exact format of an RFI will vary depending on what information is being requested, but the most common elements found in a construction industry RFI include:
 * Objective/Summary
 * Timeline
 * Storyboard or Screenshots
 * Deliverables – The bare minimum
 * Evaluation criteria – For any bonuses
 * Payment terms

title: Request for information


text:
Steve Hofmeyr

Steve Hofmeyr (born 29 August 1964 ) is a South African singer, songwriter, writer, actor and former TV presenter.

Personal life
Hofmeyr married actress Natasha Sutherland whom he had met on the set of Egoli: Place of Gold in 1998. They had two sons. Hofmeyr also has two sons and two daughters with other women. The couple was divorced after reports of numerous affairs dominated Hofmeyr's time in the spotlight in 2008.

In December 2008, Hofmeyr allegedly assaulted Esmaré Weideman, editor of Huisgenoot, a popular Afrikaans magazine, by pouring a cup of cold tea over her at the Miss South Africa finals. He was said to have blamed her and two other journalists for his divorce from Sutherland. Weideman subsequently dropped her accusations of assault.

On 19 December 2013, Hofmeyr was arrested in Bronkhorstspruit for driving at 169 km/h in an 80 km/h zone and was released on bail of R500. He was subsequently fined R10,000 in the Bronkhorstspruit Magistrate's Court on 23 January 2014.

Hofmeyr married Janine van der Vyver on 26 January 2014. In 2008, van der Vyver, a fitness instructor, revealed they had been seeing each other for 10 years. Their daughter, Romy Lee, was born 19 June 2017.

Hofmeyr's grandfather, Steve Hofmeyr Sr., was a leader in the Ossewabrandwag.

Hofmyer is also an outspoken Christian. He served the compulsory two years of military service required in South Africa at the time.

News Cafe Controversy
In January 2007, there were reports that one branch of the News Cafe restaurant chain would not play Hofmeyr's song "Pampoen". The managing director of the company that owns the franchise denies that this is company policy and points out that many Afrikaans acts, such as Karen Zoid and Arno Carstens have performed at News Cafe.

Racism
On 12 May 2011, Hofmeyr released the lyrics to his new song called "Ons sal dit oorleef", which means "We will survive this". The song is controversial, because Hofmeyr threatened to include the ethnic slur "kaffir" in the lyrics of the song. Hofmeyr removed the offensive word in his song, citing that the word would offend his black friends and colleagues.

In 2011, he made public that he supports the Afrikaner advocacy group "Expedition for Afrikaner Self-Determination" (Onafhanklike Afrikaner Selfbeskikkingsekspedisie, OASE).

Hofmeyr was heavily criticised after performing the former South African national anthem, Die Stem, at a cultural festival known as Innibos in Nelspruit in July 2014. He went on to perform the anthem on international tours, and encouraged white South Africans to continue singing it, stating that it did not contain any form of hate speech.

In October 2014, Hofmeyr wrote and published a tweet stating that he believed that black South Africans were the "architects of apartheid" on his public Twitter account. This prompted a significant public backlash. One of Hofmeyr's critics was puppeteer Conrad Koch through his puppet Chester Missing, who launched a campaign calling on companies to stop sponsoring Hofmeyr. On 27 November 2014, Hofmeyr failed to acquire a final protection order against Koch and his puppet in the Randburg Magistrate's Court.

Hofmeyr has given statements indicative of apartheid denialism, leading various journalists and political analysts to label him a "disgrace to South Africa".

Views on LGBTQ+
Hofmeyr criticized Disney's plan to have more inclusive characters, suggesting this was a way of teaching children "bestiality" and that the "+” in LGBTQ+ could be inclusive of relationships with animals. The South African Human Rights Commission has set out demands for Hofmeyr to pay an amount of R500,000 to an NPO who fights for the rights of the LGBTQ+ community, post a formal apology to the LGBTQ+ community, serve 20 hours of community service at an LGBTQ+ center, and attend a workshop on diversity and inclusivity. As of October 2023 there is no evidence of Hofmeyr committing to such obligations.

Claims about murders of white South Africans
Hofmeyr has made numerous claims relating to murders of white South Africans. Hofmeyr has claimed that whites, and in particular Afrikaners, are being "killed like flies", posting on Facebook that "my tribe is dying". Hofmeyr also posted a picture of a "World Cup soccer stadium" which he claimed could be filled by the number of whites murdered by blacks. Africa Check, a fact-checking organisation has found Hofmeyr's claims to be "incorrect and grossly exaggerated", pointing out that whites are in fact "less likely to be murdered than any other race group". Lizette Lancaster from the Institute for Security Studies told Africa Check that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts." While white South Africans account for nearly 9% of the population, they account for 1.8% of murder victims.

Removal from MultiChoice networks
On 30 April 2019, all content with Hofmeyr was removed from all MultiChoice networks, most notably DStv after Steve's song "Die Land" (The Land) was removed from an award show category from Multichoice request. In response, Hofmeyr called for a boycott of Multichoice, calling for fans to destroy their DStv boxes.

Due to this, Afrikaans singers, including Bobby van Jaarsveld and Bok van Blerk boycotted a number of televised award shows and concerts in solidarity.

Discography

 * Desertbound (1989)
 * Only Me (1990)
 * Steve (1991)
 * No Hero (1992)
 * Tribute (1993)
 * Tribute Volume 2 (1994)
 * The Hits/Die Treffers (1994)
 * Decade (1995)
 * Close to You - single (1997)
 * True to You (1997)
 * Die Bloubul - single (1997)
 * Southern Cross (1999)
 * Die Bok Kom Weer (1999)
 * Beautiful Noise (2000)
 * Grootste Treffers Volume 2 (2000)
 * Engele Om Ons (2001)
 * Toeka (2003)
 * Toeka 2 (2004)
 * Grootste Platinum Treffers (2005)
 * Laaities & Ladies (2006)
 * Waarmaker (2007)
 * Go Bulle Go - EP (2008)
 * Sings Kris Kristofferson (2008)
 * Solitary Man – Songs of Neil Diamond (2009)
 * Duisend en Een (2010)
 * Haloda (2011) (SA No. 16 )
 * 25 Jaar se Bestes (2012)
 * Toeka 3 (2014) (SA No. 1 )
 * If you could read my mind (2015) (SA No. 2 )
 * Skree (2017) (SA No. 1 )
 * The Country Collection (2018) (SA No. 1 )
 * The Country Collection Vol. 3 (2019)
 * Mamba (2024)
 * Mamba (2024)

Stage

 * Summer Holiday
 * Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
 * Die Soen
 * 'n Plek Binne Jou Seun
 * Sound of Music
 * Dis Hoe Dit Was – Die Steve Hofmeyr Storie
 * Lied van my Hart
 * Boeta se Vel Fluit

Film

 * Kampus (1986)
 * Agter Elke Man (1990)
 * No Hero (1992)
 * Die Gevaar Van De AAR (1993)
 * A Case of Murder (2004)
 * Bakgat 2 (2010)
 * Platteland (2011)
 * Pretville (2012)
 * Treurgrond (2015)

Television

 * Guillam Woudberg (1985)
 * Agter Elke Man (1986–1988)
 * Egoli (1992–2001)
 * Sporting Chance (1995)
 * 7de Laan (2007–2012)
 * Comedy Central Roast of Steve Hofmeyr (2012)
 * Dis Hoe Dit Is met Steve (2006 -)

 * Die Kwesbares (2020)

title: Steve Hofmeyr


text:
Cadmium sulfate

Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO4·$x$H2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO4·H2O, but two other forms are known CdSO4·$8/3$H2O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

Structure, preparation, and occurrence
X-ray crystallography shows that CdSO4·H2O is a typical coordination polymer. Each Cd2+ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.

Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:
 * CdO + H2SO4 -> CdSO4 + H2O
 * Cd + H2SO4 -> CdSO4 + H2

The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:
 * Cd + Na2S2O8 -> CdSO4 + Na2SO4

Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite (CdSO4·4H2O), voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the 8/3-hydrate).

Applications
Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.

title: Cadmium sulfate


text:
Euclase

Euclase is a beryllium aluminium hydroxide silicate mineral (BeAlSiO4(OH)). It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and is typically massive to fibrous as well as in slender prismatic crystals. It is related to beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) and other beryllium minerals. It is a product of the decomposition of beryl in pegmatites. Euclase crystals are noted for their blue color, ranging from very pale to dark blue. The mineral may also be colorless, white, or light green. Cleavage is perfect, parallel to the clinopinacoid, and this suggested to René Just Haüy the name euclase, from the Greek, easily, and , fracture. The ready cleavage renders the crystals fragile with a tendency to chip, and thus detracts from its use for personal ornament. When cut, it resembles certain kinds of beryl and topaz, from which it may be distinguished by its specific gravity (3.1). Its hardness (7.5) is similar to beryl (7.5 - 8), and a bit less than that of topaz (8). It was first reported in 1792 from the Orenburg district in the southern Urals, Russia, where it is found with topaz and chrysoberyl in the gold-bearing gravels of the Sanarka (nowadays probably, Sakmara River, Mednogorsk district, Orenburgskaya Oblast'). Its type locality is Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil, where it occurs with topaz. It is found rarely in the mica-schist of the Rauris in the Austrian Alps.

title: Euclase


text: Category:1538 deaths

title: Category:1538 deaths


text:
Talk:Bosse Ringholm

Untitled
"Lacks any education." ? _any_ education --Frank Burdett 14:58, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

According to the Swedish Wikipedia page on Bosse Ringholm, his full name is Bo Ingvar Karchimirer Ringholm. Se also this link: (in Swedish)   --Langfeldt 12:26, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bosse Ringholm


text: Category:1539 deaths

title: Category:1539 deaths


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Category:Communes and villages of Romania

This category contains communes (excluding towns) and villages in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania.

For towns, see Towns in Romania and Cities in Romania.


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Franchi SPAS-15

The Franchi SPAS-15 is a dual-mode 12 gauge combat shotgun manufactured by the Italian company Luigi Franchi S.P.A.

Design
The weapon is based on the SPAS-12, and has similar pump-action/semi-automatic firing modes. In semi-automatic mode, a gas piston drives a bolt carrier and rotating bolt. In pump-action mode, the same components are driven by sliding the fore-end backwards. Pump-action mode is required to reliably fire low-pressure (less lethal) ammunition such as tear gas rounds or less-lethal bean bags. Switching between firing modes is done by pressing a button above the foregrip, and sliding the foregrip slightly forwards or backwards. The barrel is chrome lined and features screw-in choke tubes.

Unlike its predecessor, the SPAS-15 is fed by a detachable box magazine. The gun features either a fixed black wooden stock or a side folding metal stock. Both had the same pistol grip safety.

Additionally, a semi-auto only variant called SPAS-16 was manufactured in small numbers.

Amongst Italian troops the weapon is known by the nickname "La Chiave dell'Incursore" (the key of the commando) because it is used to blast the locks of closed doors.

Legality
In Italy, the SPAS-15 is a common weapon for both law enforcement and civilians.

In Canada, the SPAS-15 is classified as a Prohibited Weapon and cannot be legally owned or imported except under very limited circumstances.

In 1994, the United States banned the importation of the SPAS-15 with close to 180 shotguns imported, but later abolished the relevant regulations.

Users

 * 🇦🇷 Argentina: Used by Grupo Alacrán.
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: Used by BOPE, BFEsp, Federal Highway Police and Military Police GRT unit. Small numbers were also acquired by Federal Police in 2002 but retired due to reliability issues.
 * 🇮🇳 India: National Security Guard.
 * 🇮🇹 Italy: 2,000 acquired in 1999 by the Italian Army. Also used by the Carabinieri.
 * 🇮🇱 Israel: Israeli special forces
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal: Portuguese Army.

title: Franchi SPAS-15


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Witherite

Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, BaCO3, in the aragonite group. Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and virtually always is twinned. The mineral is colorless, milky-white, grey, pale-yellow, green, to pale-brown. The specific gravity is 4.3, which is high for a translucent mineral. It fluoresces light blue under both long- and short-wave UV light, and is phosphorescent under short-wave UV light.

Witherite forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments. It is commonly associated with fluorite, celestine, galena, barite, calcite, and aragonite. Witherite occurrences include: Cave-in-Rock, Illinois, US; Pigeon Roost Mine, Glenwood, Arkansas, US; Settlingstones Mine Northumberland; Alston Moor, Cumbria; Anglezarke, Lancashire and Burnhope, County Durham, England; Thunder Bay area, Ontario, Canada, Germany, and Poland (Tarnowskie Góry and Tajno at Suwałki Region).

Witherite was named after William Withering (1741–1799) an English physician and naturalist who in 1784 published his research on the new mineral. He could show that barite and the new mineral were two different minerals.

Discovery
In 1789 the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner named the mineral witherite in honour of William Withering. The Matthew Boulton mineral collection of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery may contain one of the earliest known specimens of witherite. A label in Boulton's handwriting, records: "No.2 Terra Ponderosa Aerata, given me by Dr. Withering".

Risk to human health
The 18th-century naturalist Dr. Leigh recorded its lethal effects after the death of a farmer's wife and child. James Watt Jnr. experimented with the mineral on animals and he recorded the same lethal properties. Until the 18th century farmers at Anglezarke used the mineral as rat poison.

Industrial use
An experiment conducted by Josiah Wedgwood, led to it being used in his 'Jasper ware'; the mineral had previously been considered as worthless. Witherite has been used for hardening steel, and for making cement, glass, enamelware, soap, dye and explosives.

Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. The crystals are invariably twinned together in groups of three, giving rise to pseudo-hexagonal forms somewhat resembling bipyramidal crystals of quartz, the faces are usually rough and striated horizontally. It transforms into an hexagonal phase at 1084 K that changes into a cubic phase at 1254 K. The mineral is named after William Withering, who in 1784 recognized it to be chemically distinct from barytes. It occurs in veins of lead ore at Hexham in Northumberland, Alston in Cumbria, Anglezarke, near Chorley in Lancashire and a few other localities. Witherite is readily altered to barium sulfate by the action of water containing calcium sulfate in solution and crystals are therefore frequently encrusted with barytes. It is the chief source of barium salts and is mined in considerable amounts in Northumberland. It is used for the preparation of rat poison, in the manufacture of glass and porcelain, and formerly for refining sugar. It is also used for controlling the chromate to sulfate ratio in chromium electroplating baths.

title: Witherite


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John Duncan Sr.

John James Duncan Sr. (March 24, 1919 – June 21, 1988) was an American attorney and Republican politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1965 until his death in 1988. He also served as Mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1959 to 1964, and as assistant attorney general of Knox County, from 1948 until 1956. He is the father of Congressman John J. "Jimmy" Duncan, Jr., who succeeded him in Congress, and current Tennessee State Senator Becky Duncan Massey.

Early life
Duncan was born in Huntsville, Tennessee, the sixth of ten children of Cassie (Lee) and Flem Baird Duncan. After completing grade school in the Huntsville area and Hunstville High School, he won a $25 scholarship from Sears-Roebuck. He enrolled in the University of Tennessee in 1939, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science two years later.

Following the outbreak of World War II he joined the United States Army, serving from May 1942 to December 1945. While in the army, he served as a special agent in the Security and Intelligence Division with the same paygrade as a master sergeant. After the war, Duncan enrolled in Cumberland University's law school, from which he graduated in June 1947. He became the state commander of the American Legion in 1954.

Knox County prosecutor
Following his graduation, Duncan returned to Knoxville, where he had accepted a position as assistant attorney general of Knox County. In late 1952, Duncan became embroiled in a local controversy when, as commander of the American Legion's East Tennessee Division, he drafted a resolution condemning University of Tennessee's film society for a planned showing of several films starring Charlie Chaplin, who had been accused of being a communist sympathizer. Reacting to the resolution, University of Tennessee president Cloide Brehm cancelled the event. The school's newspaper, the Orange and White, nevertheless blasted Duncan's accusations as "nonsense."

Mayor of Knoxville
In 1959, Duncan was elected mayor of Knoxville in an election held to replace Mayor Jack Dance, who had died while in office. One of his first initiatives was to complete the overhaul of Market Square, which involved the demolition of the old Market House and its replacement by the Market Square Mall. In spite of opposition from historical interests, who wanted to preserve the Market House, Duncan pushed forward with the transition, and by mid-1960 the Market House had been removed.

Another contentious issue erupted in the Summer of 1960, when several black students from Knoxville College initiated a series of sit-ins to protest segregation at downtown-area lunch counters. With the backing of the Chamber of Commerce, Duncan formed a Good Will Committee, which encouraged downtown businesses to integrate their lunch counters. By July 1960, most downtown businesses had done away with their policies of segregation. Duncan's early intervention in the crisis is often cited as one of the reasons Knoxville avoided the widespread integration-related violence that plagued other Southern cities during this period.

Like his predecessors, Duncan struggled to alleviate the city's unemployment problem, which had been brought on by the closure of several textile mills and the shift of the city's major retail centers to West Knoxville. Numerous companies expressed interest in relocating to Knoxville, but could not do so due to a lack of suitable industrial sites. Duncan proposed a bond issue to fund the preparation of a large industrial site, but met immediate opposition from the city's conservative elements, which rejected government subsidies for business, and the bond proposal was defeated in a referendum.

Congressional career
In 1964, roughly 10 months into his second term as mayor, Duncan won a hard-fought Republican primary election in the Knoxville-based Second Congressional District. The district's seven-term incumbent, Howard Baker Sr., had died that January, and his wife Irene held the seat for the rest of his term as a caretaker. Duncan was heavily favored due to his popularity as mayor of Knoxville and the heavy Republican tilt of the district. The 2nd had been one of the few areas of Tennessee where most residents supported the Union over the Confederacy. Its residents identified with the GOP soon after the return of peace, and have continued to support the Republicans through good times and bad ever since. As a result, the 2nd's seat has been in the hands of the GOP or its predecessors without interruption since 1857. He defeated Democrat Willard Yarborough by just under 10 percentage points—the closest race in the district since Baker's first run in 1950. The contest was closer than expected in part because the 2nd was nearly swept up in Lyndon Johnson's national landslide in that year's presidential election; Barry Goldwater just barely carried it.

Duncan never faced another close contest, and was reelected 11 times, including two unopposed runs in 1972 and 1982. He often won re-election by some of the largest majorities of any congressman. He was a member of the House Ways and Means Committee for much of his congressional career. A staunch conservative, he supported U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, and advocated tougher policies against antiwar demonstrators. Duncan voted against the Voting Rights Act of 1965 but in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. He was one of the first congressmen to endorse Richard Nixon for president in 1967.

In the late 1970s, Duncan engaged in a protracted legislative struggle with environmentalists over the Tennessee Valley Authority's construction of Tellico Dam, on the Little Tennessee River, in Duncan's district. The dam's completion had been halted over concerns for the endangered snail darter, which lived in the river. After numerous failed attempts to amend the Endangered Species Act to allow the dam's completion, Duncan managed to insert a rider into the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act in July 1979, on a day when most House members were absent. The dam's opponents cried foul, but the bill nevertheless passed the Senate and was signed into law, allowing TVA to finally close the dam's gates.

Duncan served in the House until his death from cancer in 1988.

Personal life
Duncan married Lois Swisher of Iowa City, Iowa in 1942. They had four children, including John J. "Jimmy" Duncan Jr., who won his father's former congressional seat in the special election that followed his father's death.

title: John Duncan Sr.


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Talk:Texas, Queensland

Comments from an area resident
Hi there, my name is Kelvin Reeves, I lived in Beebo, which is roughly 35 Km from Texas. Our family moved into the area in 1985 (from the Hunter Valley in New South Wales) and stayed there until 1990, when we moved to Brisbane. I attended Texas State School from Grade 2 to Grade 6. The school is located on Flemming Street. Our property was called "Dunoon", we had 1300 acres on which we grew a variety of crops and raised livestock. We were subject to a huge flood in April 1988, our house was on an island for 2 weeks, were had Brush Creek running right though our place. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.15.35.68 (talk) 08:56, 21 October 2004(UTC)
 * These comments were moved from the article by Kevyn. Graham87 (talk) 12:12, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

Google Streetview
Google Streetview is available for High Street (The main street). --smadge1 (talk) 01:42, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Texas, Queensland


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Talk:Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation)

Gen II section moved to the SBC page
When it comes down to it the Gen II engines share nothing in common with the (LS based) Gen III-V engines. The SBC and the Gen II engines however have several key traits in common: Deck height, bore spacing, part interchangeability (namely rotating assembly), and basic block architecture (which is about as strong an argument as you can have). This commonality clearly demonstrates SBC's and Gen II's very close relationship and warrants the Gen II's inclusion on this page. When it comes down to it, the Gen II engines are nothing more than modified SBC engines. Now I know in the process of moving the Gen II section, I might have messed something up. I was forced to rename the LS based engines to something and all I could come up with was Gen III-V small-block (LS based GM small-block engines seems a better choice to me). There shouldn't be too much of an issue calling the Gen V engines LS based after all Deck height, bore spacing, part interchangeability (namely rotating assembly), and basic block architecture is shared with the Gen III and IV engines; the Gen V engine are not exactly clean slate designs. Gulielmi2002 (talk) 17:30, 28 December 2015 (UTC)

—————

LOL, claiming the LT and the original SBC are the same engine will start barfights in some parts.

I was half-way through fixing some formatting issues with the 305 and 350 engine code lists before I realized there's a whole set of duplicates at the bottom of the page. Was wondering why all the LT links were funky.

In some ways, I do agree with you. The LS is a completely different beast, and the LT has more in common with the old 350. However, now it's all kind of a mess. I'm not sure where the LT stuff originally was, ideally the LT's should probably have their own page. But considering how they're basically a generational bridge, I think it'll work here. Not sure whether to make it work in a separate section or try to merge it under the the 305 and 350 stuff. Considering there's already a bunch of LT stuff in the 350 area, I'm thinking merge. Ugh, this is more work than I wanted to do today. Thoughts?

Cyfun (talk) 05:57, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

Zora Duntov
Zora Duntov's name should be highlighted - I think the engine was his brainchild; lightweight everything, especially the valvetrain. (I once read that Duntov believed taking weight out was putting power in.) Duntov's solid lifter camshaft in a 302 or 327 was the definitive, street racing engine in the day.68.79.183.55 01:15, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Please mind the swearing per WP:Cussing. This is wikipedia, not cusswords.com. Thanks. Nickmullen (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:07, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

265 V8 wasn't offered in Corvette in 1954

305
The power numbers listed under the 305 for 1976 to 1979, with the exception of the first entry, are absolutely outrageous. The 305 never produced that much power in those years. Also, what's the 332 supposed to be about? If there's no verification of the existing numbers, I'll eventually change the chart. --King V 15:13, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

I went ahead and made the changes. That table-box format isn't particularly well suited to the task, though, particularly if the @ xxx porn RPM values are added later.

 * this entire section is full of grammatical errors, lacks a single citation, and includes genre-specific non-traditional abbreviations such as "mod's" and what not. Not fit for wiki standards.  I will correct some of the grammar, but i am not an expert in the engineering of this engine, nor able to verify or cite any of the sources for the facts this section claims.  Skiendog (talk) 21:17, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

L69
hi, i added the L69 HO to the 305s. just know numbers and years of the f-bodies, someone might fix that and get the numbers for monte, caminos, etc.. thanks Renizer 21:59, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

the information about transmissions is not only wrong but also not relevant. the TH350 & 200R4 were maybe used in the monte, but never in the f-bodies. when the L69 emerged mid 83 there was a change from 200C to the 700Rape me 4 a long long time, and even then the L69 was only offered with the 700R4 in 1984 (3.42 gears). 83, 85 & 86 only was offered with the T-5 and 3.73 gears. Renizer (talk) 11:04, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Updated the L69 section. (Brother Al, Aug 10, 2015) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brother Al 01 (talk • contribs) 19:42, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

307
Someone needs to add info for the 307. DCEdwards1966 15:04, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Isn't that an Oldsmobile V8 engine --SFoskett 15:39, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Not that I know of. It was used by Holden in 1968 for a year or so before they got their own 308 V8 in production. You could choose either a 307 or 327 small block. Heres some info I found The optional '5-litre' V8 was actually a 307 cubic inch (210bhp) Chevrolet ('small block') unit with a Rochester 2-Jet (two barrel) carby and was initially offered only with Powerglide automatic transmission. --Grover9 12:35, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I think we're talking about 2 different 307's here. Wiki article on Olds engines says it's from the 80's. I remember 307 badges on  rear-drive Novas from the late 60's or very early 70's, and motorheads said it was an emissions-specific motor. --Pqdave 20:46, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I use a Chevy 307 every day (in my 1971 Chevelle) and was somewhat surprised to not find any reference to it in this article. --mpond 21:13, Jul 20, 2005

GM manufactured 2 307s - the Chevrolet motor (from 1968 - 1973, which was a 283 with a 327 crank), and the Oldsmobile powerplant manufactured between 1980 - 1990 (3.800" bore and the Olds 350's 3.53" stroke). Regarding the Olds 307 - it was used primarily in B-body station wagons until its demise in 1990 (along with Cadillac Broughams and 1983-87 Olds 442s/Hurst Olds).4.230.54.61 08:36, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually a 3.385" stroke. Also used in RWD G-body Oldsmobiles and Buicks--King V (talk) 20:21, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

LO3
I added the LO3 305 TBI engine under the LG4. The LG4 was under the 350 heading, which is wrong because it is a 305, so I moved both under the 305 heading.

L03
imho it's called L03 .. it appears to be a common mistype on the internet since most rpo indexes or lists are scanned on OCR and therefore didn't recognise the 0 clearly.. same goes for the L05 Renizer 20:41, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Applications
Under the table on the right - do we really need the Applications? There's so many for some variants (like the 350...even the chassis list alone, without getting into the individually branded versions, gets absurd: F-Body, Y-Body,whatsssss upppp!!! B-Body, and C/K/G-series trucks / SUVs / vans from 1969 onward to at least 2000. Ayocee 12:21, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. It seems like it'd either always be lacking something, or otherwise just too messy, not to mention that it almost might be easier to say "everything" under some motors.  I'd be in favor of its removal, if I were asked.--King V 18:46, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

I think the applications should be removed (see above) and the bore and stroke of each type added to the table. Highflier 00:03, 20 November 2006 (UTC)highflier

Poor choice of Hot Rod Magazine cover?
Well, I only noticed this because of an edit (which accidentally deleted a topic heading, and then was later reverted). But is what 152.163.100.132 said true, that the picture is actually of a first-gen Oldsmobile V8? It seems like it, particularly judging from the angled, front-mounted oil-fill tube. Can anyone confirm? If so, does anyone have something more appropriate to put in place of that image? --King V 19:26, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Chevrolet V6-90 (Vortec 4300 et.al.)
The article on small blocks should incorporate the small block's relative - the V6-90 (which is still in production as the Vortec 4300). Externally, the V6-90 is a 3/4 scale small block without the #3 and #6 cylinders. V6-90s used split-pin crankshafts (production motors) and the same 5.7" connecting rods with a larger journal of 2.25", along with a smaller oil filter mounting pad (the SBC uses the traditional large pad for years).4.230.54.61 08:41, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that it's more appropriate to put information about the 90-degree V6s based on the Chevrolet small block in their own article rather than making a lot of references in this one. Maybe a specific Chevrolet V6 page should be created, as the Vortec 4300 page only partially covers the information, and makes only passing reference to the 200 or 229 V6s--King V 02:21, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

We need a picture!
Surely someone out there has a picture of a stock gen 1 small block that could be used at the head of the article. I have a few, but they are all painted non-stock colours or are just very unsightly. Does anyone have a picture of a clean, stock small block that could be posted? Craigblock 18:25, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I have a disassembled and cleaned 307. I'll take a picture tomorrow, as it is late now. Also It is a high nickel and tin block so it'll be cool to show off. Jeremiahbell (talk) 06:19, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

1976 Type LT Camaro
I believe that the first LT1 was used for longer than 1972, as I had a 1976 Type LT Camaro with an LT1 in it. It even said so inside the engine compartment. Also, I had heard that's what the LT in Type LT stood for.

 * Got any sources that indicate as such? Perhaps a build sheet?  The Type LT had absolutely nothing to do with the engine options, as it was possible to order the LT trim with or without the RS and Z28 packages. Ayocee 20:22, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately I was just barely a young adult (18), and got rid of the car when it became to expensive for me to fix. This was 16 years ago, so maybe time has fooled me, but I do remember conversations with friends who were into muscle cars, and the topic of my engine being an LT1 came up, and I remember opening the hood to see the plate with the engine type on it.  What did the LT in Type LT stand for, by the way?  [wrecked-sodapop]  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.20.71.99 (talk) 08:00, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Generational confusion
This article is on the "Generation I" small-block Chevrolet designed GM engine, not successor "small block" GM V-8s built on different engine blocks. Please see the several efforts throughout the article to maintain this distinction and provide internal links to the appropriate pages for the GM "Generation II" LT and "Generation III" LS engines. Please add any photos and content pertaining to those latter engine families on their own pages, not this one dedicated to the engines based on the original 1955 block design. Wikiuser100 (talk) 14:26, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

New Organization into families
i reorganized the engines into families based on bore size of the proginator of that family. there is some common know which is the basis for this. basically all engines in each family can be proven that they have a relation to eachother by two ways: 1. the ability of one engine being overbored to the size of the larger member's bore (e.g. the 265 to the 283 and the 262 to the 305), and 2. the sharing of casting numbers between engines within their family (e.g. the 302, 327, and 350 share many casting numbers with eachother like 3970010 off the top of my head; the sharing of casting numbers between the 262 and the 305; and the sharing of casting numbers between the 283 and 307). engines that shared nothing with other blocks were placed into their own families like the 400 which the block itself is physically different from any other small block and the 267 which bore and year it appeared means that it couldn't be the proginator of any other engine and therefore unrelated to other engines. now to address the question "unrelated" the fact that all the engine that are Chevy small blocks can interchange parts (e.g. crankshaft, connecting rods, and heads and so) does mean that they do have a strong relation (externally they all look the same), but the family organization was put into place to show that many engine have an even closer relation to eachother besides part interchangability. the mortech web sit with the casting number data is block for me so i can input that but it can be varified if you have access to it. Gulielmi2002 (talk) 21:44, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

On the organization of engines by bore size, correction is needed in that the 283 and 307 cubic inch engines had a bore size of 3.875", not 3.750" as indicated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.25.175.9 (talk) 15:58, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

the 283 and the 307 have the same bore. (3.875/2)^2*PI*8*3.25=306.62 or 307; (3.875/2)^2*PI*8*3.00= 283.04 or 283. if you do the math with 3.750 as the bore: (3.750/2)^2*PI*8*3.25= 287.16 which shows your point to be true, but that is not the reason why I put them in the "3.750" engine family. these two engine originated from the 265 engine which had the 3.750 in bore. i named the engine families after the bore size of the progenitor engine of that family hense the 3.750 in the name. Gulielmi2002 (talk) 21:45, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Chevrolet produced their first V8 engine in 1917 (not 1955)
While production only lasted 2 years, Chevrolet actually produced their first V8 engine in 1917. A year before joining the General Motors group in 1918.

Source General Motors:

http://media.gm.com/me/gm/en/company/c_history/chevrolet_timeline.html

Video link of: Luke's 1918 Chevrolet V8 and the Great Race

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAU-7Q-AX_E Borderdrop (talk) 00:01, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

 * The V8 in the Chevrolet 1918 Model D was actually acquired - being either a Mason or Scripps-Booth design. I had always thought that it was a Scripps-Booth design because they had a 2 wheeler with an OHV V8, but this article seems to say it was a Mason-designed engine.

 * Mason Motor Company, and Chevrolet Motor Car Company were interrelated ventures by William Durant. Within GM, Oakland & Oldsmobile also had a V8s around 1918.Toneron2 (talk) 20:07, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

 * one of the better pics on the net
 * Here is a pic of the Scripps-Booth V8 car - you can barely see the engine but it looks like the 1918 "Chevy" V8. Toneron2 (talk) 03:54, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

305 V 350
It seems to me the latest edit to this section was made by someone that seems to think a smaller bore motor can easily outperform a 350. Any hotrodder will prefer a 350 to a 305. I think the edits should be reverted. DennisM83 (talk) 23:27, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

One HP per cuin
"By 1957 it had grown to 283 cu in (4.6 L). Fitted with the optional Rochester mechanical fuel injection, it became the first production engine ever to make one horsepower per cubic inch." May not be so as in 1956 Chrysler produced several engines with over one hp/cuin including the 355hp 354. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.148.235.98 (talk) 20:49, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Grand Sport engine should be added?
Should a small section be added about the special small block in the Grand Sports? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Toneron2 (talk • contribs) 01:33, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

Incomplete - does not cover non-performance SBC variants.
Specifically, where is the LT9 covered here? Just because performance is the main player in the collector car hobby doesn't exclude the smog-era SBC's from the reference books. Cudak888 (talk) 17:47, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

3.671 Family Section
This entire section needs to be revised. The 262 was NOT called the 265. The 262 did not use the same engine block as a 305. The 305 used a larger 3.736" and should be in a section with that bore diameter. Further there is no mention of the L99 4.3L V8, which shared the same 3.736" bore as the 305. It was soild only from 1994-96 in Chevrolet Caprices. If no one fixes this, I will have to do the edits at a later time. Caprice 96 (talk) 04:15, 31 May 2014 (UTC)

You are correct for the most part. I would attribute some of these errors to people changing things accidentally by mistake, random vandellism, or when the GEN I and GEN II pages merged (i didn't merge them but i have always wondered why they were not on the same page). Now to the nitty gritty. I am the person who did the organization of this page, the gen II, and gen III/IV pages. I grouped the 305 with the 262 for a sounds reason. Look at the block casting number data for both engine blocks, you will notices that the early 305s had the same casting numbers as the 262 blocks. Second point too is the bore of the 305 is very close to 0.060" over the bore size of the 262 meaning that casting, boring out, and honing for this larger bore will not be an issue or require a redesign of the water jackets; so it is cheap for GM to do it. yes the cranks are different in the stroke but SBC cranks are interchangeble and using the 350's crank is cheaper again for the manufacturer because you only have to make one crank.  saying this you can see how the 305 came about:  you overbore it in casting and hone it to size, you add in the already existing 350's crank, and what you have left is a 305 and all this for cheap for the manufacturer to do.  doing this was fairly common for GM. good examples would be the 396 and the 402 BBC engine or the 302/327/350 engine or the 265/283/307 engines.  an other good example which you gave is the 4.3 L99 engine.  dispite it being a Gen II engine, all GM did was take a 305 block modify the block for the gen II upgrades (in a nut shell) and add in the unique 4.3 L (3.00" stroke) crank. hope this fully explains the logic behind this grouping.Gulielmi2002 (talk) 21:28, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

I disagree with your argument to group them together. It's confusing to have the engines organized by bore size, then to have one family with two different bores. Further, the 262 was a relatively unimportant engine built in small numbers for a short period. Naming the family after it seems to be illogical when the 305 Chevrolet was built for much longer, is far more common and well known, and is far more important in the history of this engine. If you look up the casting numbers for these engines, it's true that one of the casting numbers for the 262 block matches one of the casting numbers for the 305. This number, 355909, was used as a casting number in 1975 (only) for the 262, and for one version of the 305 from 1976-1979 (there are other casting numbers for 305 over these years). There are many, many 305 casting numbers used through out it's life besides the aforementioned. The 262 also used another casting number, 360851 for 1975 and 1976. However, you can't just look at the casting number when identifying the block, but also the casting date and the suffix codes. If you compare all this numbers, they will not match between a 1975 262 and a 1976-79 305 engine. Caprice 96 (talk) 04:14, 24 May 2015 (UTC)

350 compared to LS3
The article claims "The engine's oversquare 4.00-inch bore and 3.48-inch stroke (102 mm by 88 mm) are nearly identical to the 436 hp (325 kW) LS3 engine of today" but in fact the LS3 is 103.25 x 92 mm, significantly larger (as the 6.2L displacement shows vs the 350's 5.7).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Chevrolet small-block engine. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.zr1netregistry.com/ZR1_specs.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:17, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Marine Application
It would be good to have a Marine Section to reflect the engine's use in marine applications. Brand new small block engines are readily available in short block, long block and completed engines. They are available in carbureted and fuel injected configurations, in standard and counter rotating versions and are used in original equipment by many boat manufacturers as well as replacement engines. The manufacturers specifically address applications of straight inboard, v drive inboards, inboard-outboards, jet drives and air boat installations. They are available from such OEM's such as Marine Power, Mercruiser and Volvo Penta just to name a few. Marine Power's advertising emphasizes the fact that these are original, new GM engines and urges the reader to not accept imitations. It would be good to focus on the similarities and differences of the engines in automotive and marine applications. Some of the differences would include counter rotating engines, high mounted starters, multi filter oil filters and cooling systems just to name several items. It is my understanding that Marine Power has acquired the rights to the Chris Craft engine line, which is regarded as one of the best gas marine engines produced. I am sure they could produce a brand new Chris Craft engine for a fair price. This discussion would hold for large block engines as well. --Captjayman (talk) 01:22, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Should the LT5 even be in this article?
It isn't a small-block and shares no parts with the Gen I or II

The LT5 should be its own separate article, and should also be mentioned under the development section of the Northstar's article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:86:400:8FD0:98F6:E5F1:EEF6:C1D1 (talk) 03:32, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

Gen II picture is a 4-cam LT5
The picture of the "Generation II" is actually of the 32-valve LT5, which was completely unrelated.

Firing order error
In the last paragraph before the "Overview" section...

"All Chevrolet small-block engines shared the same firing order that is 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 until the introduction of the 5.5 L LT6 engine for the 2023 Corvette Z06, which has a firing order of 1-4-3-8-7-5-2 due to its use of a flat plane crank."

...the firing order for the 2023 Z06 is missing cylinder #6. 2603:8000:5B00:7427:55DA:CE78:BA6F:1298 (talk) 02:53, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

Aftermarket specs
Should aftermarket-only bore and stroke combinations be included, especially in the top infobox? To me this should be a reference of factory engines. If a later section is used for non-factory configurations it would be more appropriate. 2601:18B:300:5780:E846:85FF:DF00:3237 (talk) 12:24, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed, and the list isn’t even consistent : for example the 396 is mentioned but not its 3.875" stroke, and the 377/383 doesn’t seem to be mentioned when it’s among the most common non-standard displacements (since it can be done reasonably easily with stock parts : a +0.03" overbore 350 block and pistons combined with a 400 crankshaft and rods, angularity issues notwithstanding). Clarrieu (talk) 08:06, 14 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Blanchinus (crater)

Blanchinus is a lunar impact crater in the rugged south-central highlands of the Moon. It is named after Italian astronomer Giovanni Bianchini whose Latinized name is Blanchinus. Adjacent to its south is the crater Werner, and La Caille is attached to the northwest rim. To its west is the prominent formation Purbach.

Blanchinus' outer rim has been significantly degraded by subsequent impacts, leaving an irregular, notched exterior ring of rugged hills and ridges. The inner floor, in contrast, is nearly flat and free of significant impacts. Only a few tiny craterlets mark it, with Blanchinus M near the midpoint and the remainder near the southwest rim.

For a few hours before the first quarter, the crater's rim contributes the lunar x visual phenomenon.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Blanchinus.

title: Blanchinus (crater)


text:
Wild Gunman

Wild Gunman (ワイルドガンマン) is a light gun shooter game developed and published by Nintendo. Originally created as an electro-mechanical arcade game in 1974 by Gunpei Yokoi, it was adapted to a video game format for the Famicom console in 1984. It was released in 1985 as a launch game for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) with the Zapper light gun.

Original version
The original version of Wild Gunman is one of Nintendo's electro-mechanical (EM) arcade games created by Gunpei Yokoi and released in 1974. It consists of a light gun connected to a 16 mm projection screen. Full-motion video footage of an American Wild West gunslinger is projected onto the screen. When this enemy character's eyes flash, the player draws and fires the gun. If the player is fast enough, the projection changes to that of the shot gunman falling down; otherwise it shows the gunman drawing and firing his gun.

Regardless of their success, the player continues to face off against other gunslinger opponents, of which there are five in total.

Should the player draw their gun prematurely, a "foul" light turns on and the player's input is ignored for the rest of the duel, rendering it unwinnable.

This version of Wild Gunman was released in North America by Sega in 1976. The game's footage was filmed with local, uncredited extras on location around Kyoto and at the Nara Dreamland amusement park.

The second version has a plastic gunman figure mounted on top of a plastic battery box called Custom Gunman, which later became one of the microgames in the Game Boy Advance title WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgames!.

In Japan, Wild Gunman was the sixth highest-grossing EM arcade game of 1976, below two other Nintendo Laser Clay Shooting System titles, Sky Hawk at fourth place and Mini Laser Clay at fifth. In North America, Wild Gunman was one of the most popular arcade machines at the AMOA 1976 show.

The game consists of four film scenes, called Film-A, Film-B, Film-C and Film-D. Each scene was shot on two 16 mm film reels, for displaying alternate outcomes, making up a total of eight film reels. Two of the original reels were discovered by collector Benjamin Solovey in 2021.

Video game version
Nintendo converted the electro-mechanical concept into a video game, replacing filmed footage with cartoon-style sprites.

In 1984 in Japan, the Famicom version was released for use with the original version of the Zapper gun peripheral. This version, named the Beam Gun, was a plastic, western-style revolver accessory (modeled after the Colt Single Action Army) that came packaged with a plastic holster belt. In 1985 in the United States, it was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System.

In the NES version, the player waits for the opponent's eyes to flash (accompanied by a speech bubble reading "FIRE!!") before shooting. It features a shooting gallery where opponents are to be shot from the windows of a saloon. A piece of Frédéric Chopin's "Funeral march" indicates the player's defeat. This version was also published on the PlayChoice-10 arcade system. On the Wii U Virtual Console, the Wii Remote pointer is used instead of the Zapper.

Popular culture
Experimental filmmaker Craig Baldwin's 1978 short Wild Gunman features footage from the original 1974 arcade game which was re-edited, sped up, and slowed down to surreal effect.

The original 1974 arcade game also appears in the 1981 film Gas, being played by the main antagonist. The film establishes the antagonist's ruthless cowboy-like personality by juxtaposing directly captured clips of the game with footage of him giving an expository monologue to his sons (and the audience) while playing. After delivering the monologue, he loses to a gunman and proceeds to shoot the game's projector screen multiple times with a real gun. The game's appearance is also a nod to the character's actor, frequent western star Sterling Hayden.

In the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II, protagonist Marty McFly plays a non-existent arcade version of the NES Wild Gunman resembling a Nintendo VS. System cabinet. The 1990 follow-up, Part III, reveals that frequently playing the game has given Marty the skill to shoot a real revolver. Nintendo re-released the game to the Wii U Virtual Console on October 21, 2015, to coincide with Back to the Future Day, honoring the game's appearance in the film.

In the Super Smash Bros. series, the Duck Hunt duo can summon Wild Gunman characters to attack their opponents. Their "Final Smash" attack causes opponents to get caught in the middle of a shootout between the gunmen and the enemy characters from Hogan's Alley.

title: Wild Gunman


text:
Talk:Monarchy of Cambodia

Untitled 2000s comments
By analogy with King of England, etc, the list is at Kings of Cambodia, and King of Cambodia links there. Noel 15:06, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Why did you move Kings of Cambodia to King of Cambodia, after I had explicitly pointed out on Talk:Kings of Cambodia that Wikipedia precedent was to use the form "Kings of X" (or "List of Kings of X")? Look at Category:Lists of office-holders - there's only one, in that whole list, of the form "King of X". Noel 16:04, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

There is no such precendent. By creating a redirect at King of Cambodia you discourage people from writing a comprehensive article on the office, in addition to the list. The current policy is to use singular unless it's in the form of "List of Kings...". There are articles at President of the United States and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, not Presidents of the United States or Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom. ---Jiang 03:36, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be "List of Kings..." because it is merely a list? I believe (stop me if I'm wrong) that unless it is specifically a list there should be descriptive information on the subject, in this case Kings of Cambodia. Super Jedi Droid 00:01, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

I don't understand...
who was the Head of State from 20 november 1991 to 14 june 1993, the Chairmen of the Council of State or the Chairman of the Supreme National Council? The whole idea of this kind of list is giving only the name of the one Head of State for a single period of time, and we have three different names under two different titles here... --Damifb (talk) 12:04, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Champa
Champa is part of Cambodian history nor it located in present-dat Cambbodia. 71.107.79.64 (talk) 22:58, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

between angkor and oudong
it's a mess and I guess "Kingdom of Charktomok" is rather fictional... (I mean why using the Thai names first of all?) do you have any decent reference to recommend? --Riccardo.fabris (talk) 10:28, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

1393 or 1431?
I do not really understand this list. The last king, Ponhea Yat, reigns after this list from 1393 to 1463, which is 70 years. In 1393 there is said to have been a Siamese invasion. However, on his wiki page, Ponhea Yat, is said to have taken the throne in 1431, which is consistent with history. In 1431 the king left Angkor and went to the south after a Siamese invasion. He reigned up to 1463, followed then by his son. If so, why his son takes the throne in 1421 after the list here? Mahaparvata (talk) 02:31, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

Unclear sources
Hi! I just created Cambodian Royal Chronicles which brought me here. There are lots of manuscripts and sources with conflicting dates - even to the extent that historians rely to foreign data - e.g. Siamese chronicles. still, though it might be a good idea to explain the issue in a short paragraph.

All the best! Wikirictor (talk) 07:24, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

Merger of Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces
Propose merge, as this article describes a power that is always vested in the monarch. It does not appear to add much as a standalone article. Garuda28 (talk) 20:00, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:36, 4 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Norodom Sihamoni.jpg

Huh?
"The king is elected for life from among the members of the Norodom and Sisowath bloodline who are at least 30 years old by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures."

So... Which is it? Is the king elected by royal family members over the age of thirty or is he elected by nine political and religious figures?2605:8D80:400:AE83:34EE:94E:8E09:34EE (talk) 05:57, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

The meaning seems clear to me. The King has to be one of the royal family members (from the Norodom or Sisowath branches of the royal family) and be at least 30. He is selected by the Royal Council, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Mathmannix (talk) 18:34, 27 February 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:36, 29 August 2019 (UTC)
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Commons files used on this page have been nominated for speedy deletion
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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Barom II and Borom II
There are two Barom Reachea II in this article, the earlier one ruled in 1431–1463, while the other ruled in 1597–1599. It makes sense for the earlier one to be Borom Reachea II since there is a Borom Reachea I before him, ruling in 1363–1373. While the latter Barom Reachea II sits between Barom Reachea I (r. 1566–1576) and Barom Reachea III (r. 1599–1600). This is likely a minor spelling typo written during the early writing up of this article. The first Barom II should be Borom II, with an "o". Danial Bass (talk) 20:29, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

Predecessor relations info
The predecessor relations I added are from each king's page and their sources Danial Bass (talk) 15:14, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

Clarification on "ditto" edit
Just before my "ditto" edit, my edit summary was "make reign year consistent with king's page" but an edit conflict with an IP's edit caused my edit to be cancelled, I didnt know this, so when I re-edited I thought my previous edit with that statement was there. Danial Bass (talk) 15:28, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

Royal Regalia
The royal regalia of Cambodia (Kreoung Banjakkodapoan, Khmer:គ្រឿងបញ្ចកុធភ័ណ្ឌ) was originally created during the Angkorean Era and was strictly regulated and protected by the royal Brahmin priests. It is made of 2kg of gold and 2000 diamonds. It was said that when King Srey Chettha II (Sdach Kon) illegally overthrew Preah Bat Srey Sokunbat in the 16th century in an attempt to establish a new dynasty, the Brahmin priests took the royal regalia with them and hid it inside a koki tree in the Tonle Bati District of Takéo province. The king sent his companions around the country to search for it but failed. It was only returned later when King An Chan I, heir apparent to Srey Sokunbat’s throne, successfully defeated Sdach Korn in 1516. Sadly, the original royal regalia was lost during the period of Khmer Civil War (1970-1991). After the establishment of the second kingdom, the new royal regalia was ordered to be crafted by a famous sculptor, Som Samai. It is currently kept inside the Pavilion of Somreut Pimean inside the Royal Palace under the cares of the royal Brahmin priests. 202.62.50.169 (talk) 07:15, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

Please don't link articles to Khmer language Wikis
Yourlocallordandsavior (talk) 06:36, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

 * From May 1 to May 4, someone changed all links on this page to point to Cambodia Wikipedia. This is English Wikipedia and users here cannot read Cambodian. I wonder why he did that. Acolex2 (talk) 17:07, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monarchy of Cambodia


text:
Tridymite

Tridymite is a high-temperature polymorph of silica and usually occurs as minute tabular white or colorless pseudo-hexagonal crystals, or scales, in cavities in felsic volcanic rocks. Its chemical formula is SiO2. Tridymite was first described in 1868 and the type location is in Hidalgo, Mexico. The name is from the Greek tridymos for triplet as tridymite commonly occurs as twinned crystal trillings (compound crystals comprising three twinned crystal components).

Structure
Tridymite can occur in seven crystalline forms. Two of the most common at standard pressure are known as α and β. The α-tridymite phase is favored at elevated temperatures (above 870 °C) and it converts to β-cristobalite at 1,470 °C. However, tridymite does usually not form from pure β-quartz, one needs to add trace amounts of certain compounds to achieve this. Otherwise the β-quartz-tridymite transition is skipped and β-quartz transitions directly to cristobalite at 1,050 °C without occurrence of the tridymite phase.

 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!Name!!Symmetry!!Space group!!Temp. (°C) In the table, M, O, H, C, P, L and S stand for monoclinic, orthorhombic, hexagonal, centered, primitive, low (temperature) and superlattice. T indicates the temperature, at which the corresponding phase is relatively stable, though the interconversions between phases are complex and sample dependent, and all these forms can coexist at ambient conditions. Mineralogy handbooks often arbitrarily assign tridymite to the triclinic crystal system, yet use hexagonal Miller indices because of the hexagonal crystal shape (see image).
 * +Crystal phases of tridymite
 * HP (β) ||Hexagonal||P63/mmc|| 460
 * LHP||Hexagonal||P6322|| 400
 * OC (α)||Orthorhombic||C2221|| 220
 * OS ||Orthorhombic|||| 100–200
 * OP ||Orthorhombic||P212121|| 155
 * MC||Monoclinic||Cc|| 22
 * MX||Monoclinic||C1|| 22
 * }
 * OP ||Orthorhombic||P212121|| 155
 * MC||Monoclinic||Cc|| 22
 * MX||Monoclinic||C1|| 22
 * }
 * MX||Monoclinic||C1|| 22
 * }
 * }

Mars
In December 2015, the team behind NASA's Mars Science Laboratory announced the discovery of large amounts of tridymite in Marias Pass on the slope of Aeolis Mons, popularly known as Mount Sharp, on the planet Mars. This discovery was unexpected given the rarity of the mineral on Earth and the apparent lack of volcanic activity where it was discovered, and at the time of discovery no explanation for how it was formed was forthcoming. Its discovery was serendipitous: two teams, responsible for two different instruments on the Curiosity rover, both happened to report what in isolation were relatively uninteresting findings related to their instruments: the ChemCam team reported a region of high silica while the DAN team reported high neutron readings in what turned out to be the same area. Neither team would have been aware of the other's findings had it not been for a fortuitous Mars conjunction in July 2015, during which the various international teams took advantage of the downtime to meet in Paris and discuss their scientific findings.

DAN's high neutron readings would normally have been interpreted as meaning the region was hydrogen-rich, and ChemCam's high-silica readings were not surprising given the ubiquity of silica-rich deposits on Mars, but taken together it was clear that further study of the region was needed. Following conjunction, NASA directed the Curiosity rover back to the area where the readings had been taken and discovered that large amounts of tridymite were present. How they were formed remains a mystery.

title: Tridymite


text:
Thermonatrite

Thermonatrite is a naturally occurring evaporite mineral form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O.

It was first described in 1845. Its name is from the Greek θερμός thermos, "heat", plus natron, because it may be a dehydration product of natron.

Typical occurrence is in dry saline lake beds and as soil encrustations. It has been reported from volcanic fumaroles and in association with carbonatite-related veins. Common associated minerals include trona, natron and halite.

title: Thermonatrite


text: Category:1538 births

title: Category:1538 births


text:
Bose (crater)

Bose is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, in the southern sphere hemisphere. It lies just to the northwest of the smaller crater Bhabha, and southeast of Alder.

The outer rim of Bose has become worn and the edges rounded by impacts, although the shape of the wall is still well-preserved. The small satellite crater Bose D lies across the east-northeastern rim, and a smaller craterlet has impacted on the inner southeast wall. The inner floor is level with a low central peak offset slightly to the southeast of the midpoint. There are several tiny craterlets marking the interior, including three to the east of the central peak.

The crater is named after an eminent Indian polymath, Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, for his works on wireless communication.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified in selenography by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Bose.

title: Bose (crater)


text: Category:1539 births

title: Category:1539 births


text:
Talk:William Kelly (inventor)

Incorrect?
Much of what's here is incorrect. See: "The "Kelly" Converter," Robert B. Gordon, Technology and Culture, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 769-779

 * More specifics, please. Much of what is here agrees with reference works such as Britannica and Encyclopedia Americana. What is wrong? Lets get it right. Edison 23:56, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I have added a "Controversy" section with a reference. Biscuittin (talk) 20:58, 7 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Removed the little section which just said "there is controversy." It was referenced to something which did not appear to be a reliable source. Edison (talk) 14:35, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

Kelley Process
Let's get it straight. Kelley invented it. Bessemer, an illiterate English puddler employed by Kelley, stole it, ran back to England and got first patent. Add the line "in dispute" to any reference to Bessemer. Bessemer no more "invented" it than Edison "invented" the fluoroscope. Both just got first patents. REF: "Inventors behind the Inventor".70.162.93.21 (talk) 14:50, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Bessemer was a businessman and inventor working in England. I have read some accounts with no documentation which claimed that Kelley's process was described to Bessemer by former employees of Kelley, but not that Bessemer actually came to Kentucky and worked for Kelley. Solid sourcing required for such a claim as you make. A mention of some random website or the name of some book is not solid sourcing. One factor supporting Kelley is that he was a trained metallurgist, while Bessemer was uneducated (though hardly illiterate) and then Bessemer suddenly launches into ironmaking from no previous work related to it. Since their patents were pooled, there was not the exhaustive courtroom testimony that helped to sort out other invention priority battles in the 19th century (light bulbs, telephones). Edison (talk) 15:14, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

Maybe needs tackling by a historian?
I have recently been studying the histoy of steelmaking. I came accross this article quite early, and took it at face value (albeit with some suprise that Kelly appears as the 'real' inventor of modern steelmaking).

But now I have progresssed in my studies, I had to come back to this because it seems way off the mark.

Firstly, neither Kelly or Bessemer invented the concept of blowing air through pig iron. The potential was well known, and indeed Bessemer acknowledges the work of James Nasmyth, the inventor of the steam hammer, who was attempting a similar process before either of them. As Bessemer knew Nasmyth it would seem far more likely that his inspiration came from the latter, rather than from 'English workers at Kelly's works' as the article would seem to imply.

Secondly, The Bessemer converter was initially not able to make commercially viable steel, it is not enougth to simply blow air through the molton iron. There seems to be little information about what Kelly actually did with his invention, or what he made, but presumably the fact that his own ironwoks did not start producing steel in the years between his invention and Bessemers would suggest that the Kelly converter also lacked a complete process.

Although Bessemers convertor had problems, Bessemer had a sound reputation as an inventor and developer of many industrial processes and techniques. He convinced many ironworkers to help him experiment with and improve the process. Robert Forset Mushet eventually perfected the technique that led to the succesful deployment of the Bessemer converter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.45.65.111 (talk) 17:45, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I've tried to improve this article a bit, but I can't seem to find very many sources dealing with the history of blowing air through iron. Any help here would be greatly appreciated.21:42, 20 November 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by SQMeaner (talk • contribs)

The definitive work on this is by Robert Gordon, a Yale historian and metallurgist, published here: Gordon, Robert B. “The ‘Kelly’ Converter.” Technology and Culture 33, no. 4 (1992): 769–79. doi:10.2307/3106590. He shows that the Kelly converter never worked, and was used to get around Bessemer's patent. Someone should update this article. Lubar (talk) 18:55, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

Lining?
What material was Kelly using as a lining? Was this reactive with the iron, or not? Andy Dingley (talk) 10:01, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:William Kelly (inventor)


text: Category:1477 births

title: Category:1477 births


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BiM Barn

BiM Barn was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 13 votes to delete. Postdlf 23:19, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

BiM Barn
IRC# of some gaming clan. Yawn. Wyllium 15:12, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * Delete nonnotable vanity page for online gaming group. Here's some worthless text that I deleted from it: "So be warned when they say they will rape you, as there are a few meanings here: One raping in the gaming world on a server and then they will also have you sexually, with preferences of taking away someone's Plubus"  Postdlf 15:16, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete Non-encyclopedic, insignificant, meant as a joke. Haakon 15:46, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. One wishes this could be speedied, given repeated removal of the VfD notice. JFW | T@lk  15:50, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Obvious delete. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob Doe ]] 16:00, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable group's article. Fire Star 17:06, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Close nits indeed. Delete --Improv 17:48, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nuke it from orbit.  It's the only way to be sure. Gamaliel 20:29, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamer vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:47, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --Demonslave 14:31, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, as this is clearly a joke page. Radman1 17:10, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 16:15 Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, but shift to Wikinerds first. They seem to like stuff like this (heck knows why!) - Ta bu shi da yu 06:47, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:80.212.188.2

Please don't create nonsense pages like that, it's bad for the encyclopedia. Wyllium 15:16, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.212.188.2


text:
User:0101CHINsy

haha... you and i are doing the same thing at the same time... i deleted the whole paragraph too... can't stand it any longer:p it's too hard to be edited and repeating things over and over.....~_~ way to go ^-^ 0101LAIsy 15:17, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:0101CHINsy


text:
Aphthitalite

Aphthitalite is a potassium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2.

It was first described in 1835 for an occurrence on Mount Vesuvius, Italy. The name is from the Greek άφθητος, "unalterable", and άλας, "salt", for its stability in air. It occurs as fumarolic incrustations in volcanic environments, as small crystals and masses in evaporite deposits and in guano deposits. It occurs associated with thenardite, jarosite, sylvite and hematite in fumaroles; with blödite, syngenite, mirabilite, picromerite, borax and halite in evaporites; and with syngenite, whitlockite, monetite, niter and gypsum in guano deposits.

title: Aphthitalite


text: Category:1544 deaths

title: Category:1544 deaths


text: User talk:167.211.190.2

title: User talk:167.211.190.2


text: Category:1543 deaths

title: Category:1543 deaths


text: Category:1542 deaths

title: Category:1542 deaths