text:
Talk:Flann O'Brien

Brian Ó Nualláin or Brian O'Nolan
Changed: 'His pen name means "Myles of the little horses", or "Myles of the ponies" and Cruiskeen Lawn means "Little Brimming Jug"' according to the authors own views. Hope this doesn't become a new 'O'Nolan' naming discussion - cited in most biog's/ critical account (will find page ref).

He changed the spelling of his own name frequently, and depending on his audience, and on what mood he was in. Though he professed in a letter to his bosses at the civil service that B. Nolan:

"is not the name under which I entered the Civil service, nor is the English transliteration in use by my family. My own name is one of the few subjects upon which I claim to be an authority and notwithstanding any colloquialism countenanced for the sake of convenience in the Office, I would be glad if my own predilection in the matter be accepted in official correspondence" (letters, with thanks to Indiana Uni. archives, cited in Cronin, p. 79)

He seems never to have settled himself on any particular spelling of the name. He wrote exams under the name 'Brian Nolan' when all his peers were using Gaelic forms (ibid), - and was never (in any of the letters, or any printed material) final in choice of his nomenclature. As he is almost universally referred to as 'Brian O'Nolan', this should, I think, refer to him. As the family name is 'Nolan', and the O' was added for a bit of aristocratic flair, it is clear that any attempt to find a definitive spelling is a bit ridiculous. Patriotic rants are neither useful nor accurate. - (written by a paddy - so no flaming please).

What are you talking about? His family name was Uí Nualláin, and his father was Mícheál Ó Nualláin. His native language was Irish and he was christened Brian Ó Nualláin and not Nolan or O' Nolan. So, where is your source for this "the family name is 'Nolan', and the O' was added"? No bluster please, just evidence.

"Brian's father, Michael, came there [to Strabane] as a customs and Excise officer in 1897. [...] He was not born O'Nolan, but Nolan; and he called himself Nolan for some purposes throughout his life. Names were always a somewhat provisional matter for Michael O'Nolan, as they would be later on for his son Brian. Born Michael Victor Nolan in July 1875, he was married as Michael V. O'Nolan, but signed the register as Miceál O Nualáin [sic. please note that your 'correct spelling' doesn't agree with this - another example of the fluidity of the O'Nolan family name]His superiors in the Customs and Excise service continued to know him as Michael Nolan; and so, somewhat more remarkably, did the Revenue Commisioners of the Irish Free State when he was appointed a Commissioner in later life. On Brian's birth certificate his father's name is given as Michael Victor O'Nolan. [...] when probate was taken on his estate his name was given as Michael Nolan." [Cronin - no laughing matter, p. 4)

I think that answers the call for evidence - indeed, if you go back further up the family tree: "Michael's father taught music at the Omagh Model School and he was plain Donal Nolan" (ibid, p.4)

As to the aristocratic addition of the primary O' :

"O'Nolan was unusual. Those Nolans who objected to the English form of their name or wished to be known by what they beleived to be the Irish version of it called themselves O Nualláin, usually with two l's and with a sine fada, signifying a long vowel, over the O, in the Irish manner, instead of an apostraphe after it[...] To Irish ears O'Nolan has a would-be aristocratic ring, a faint suggestion of chieftmanship of the clan" (ibid)

That is my evidenca, all of which goes to demonstrate the fundamental mutability of the family name. Some called themselves some things, others other things, but what emerges is the notion that labelling was for the O'Nolans a distinctly pragmatic affair. I said earlier that he wrote his name as O'Nolan during exams in which his peers were using the gaelic form, here is a quotation:

"either as a protest against the habit of transliteration into Irish for unworthy reasons, or out of whim, he used the English form of his name - and the more plebian Nolan instead of the somewhat aristocratic-sounding O'Nolan at that" (ibid, 79)

quite a lot of evidence, I think you'll agree. Do you have any to show that "His family name was Uí Nualláin, and his father was Mícheál Ó Nualláin?"

P.S: "Brian O'Nolan was born in Strabane, Co.Tyrone on 10th October, 1911. The third of twelve children, he was raised with Irish as his mother tongue, though neither of his parents were native speakers of the language. O'Nolan's family was steeped in the Gaelic Revival, which caught the enthusiasm of so many in Ireland at the beginning of the twentieth century. His parents, Agnes Gormley and Michael Nolan, had met at an Irish class run by the Gaelic League".

 * Thank you. A very good answer, and I keep thinking of the disclaimer in At Swim-Two-Birds:  "All persons, including the first person singular, are entirely fictitious."  He wasn't happy with political grave robbing of any sort, was uneasy with naive nationalism, and didn't like jingoism by any practitioner, which is why the shrillness of our objector is so out of place with this particular author above others.  Geogre 18:28, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

very true, the man would be turning in his grave, or not, probably laughing!

Why do you give him his English name when his real name was Brian Ó Nualláin not Brian O'Nolan or whatever meaningless anglicisation you threw on him? Even Britannica gives him his Irish name. http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9373833 Never mind, I just realised I can change it so I edited to give the man his correct name throughout the article.

 * Yes, and let's explore together why you were reverted, shall we? What name did he sign?  What name did he use?  What were his opinions of the Irish Nationalists who was quick to change their names?  It's well and good for Britannica to retroactively "correct" the man himself, but that is a bit of historical hubris and blindness that need not be replicated here.  Geogre 16:34, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

He used the name which was on his birth certificate, Brian Ó Nualláin, a matter which is obviously troubling you. Where is your evidence to the contrary? That you equate his opposition to verbal nationalism/ republicanism with an opposition to the Irish language evidently reflects your own inability to separate both. Ó Nualláin had a deep love for the language which explains why he chose to study it in university as well as write prolifically in it. That you fail to understand that his opposition was to sham protestations of Irishness as well as things he believed to be outdated such as the script and not in any way to the language is your mistake. Dare I suggest that your nationality has something to do with this inability to grasp the nuances of his work?

 * So, he used it on his own birth certificate? Was he his own father and mother, then?  And specifically, he opposed the renaming of oneself with "Irish" names.  As for his love of the language, that was nowhere questioned, so the strawman you charge at is a keepsake of your own.  And my own nationality is something you can neither know nor comment upon.  However, being unable to know a thing does not stop you elsewhere from commenting, so why it would stop you here is unknowable.  Geogre 18:54, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Why you must persist in your silliness only you could know. He was born Brian Ó Nualláin, and not any other name, to Irish-speaking parents and both his native and his first language was Irish. Do you deny this, and if so where is your evidence? Both his birth name and background are common knowledge to anybody who has even a cursory grasp of the man's life. You, clearly, are not in this group. That you wish to deny this basic fact about the man's existence on this earth and rush to change his name to an anglicised version says far more about you and your agenda than anything else. Get over it. The name of the writer who used Flann O Brien and many other pseudonyms was, from the cradle to the grave, Brian Ó Nualláin and not Brian O'Nolan or whatever other meaningless anglicisation you are putting on him. You have not, and you will not, produce any evidence to the contrary. Put up more than your anti-Irish prejudices, or shut up.

 * No need to get into name-calling, let's just try and find some sources which will tell us which version he used during his life. I haven't found anything definitive as yet, but I'm leaning towards the English version on the basis that his own brother (Ciarán Ó Nualláin) wrote a book called The Early Years of Brian O'Nolan, Flann O'Brien, Myles Na Gcopaleen.  --Ryano 16:22, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * In A Colder Eye: The Modern Irish Writers, Hugh Kenner writes the following: "Brian Ó Nuallain was one thing he was entitled to call himself, though his Civil Service checks were made out to O'Nolan, and when he heard Douglas Hyde attempt the Gaelic they say he laughed himself sick." Unfortunately, Kenner doesn't appear to provide a citation. - Cobra libre 23:24, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Indeed, so far we have Kenner (who never cites much, as he was, like Donald Hall, one of those "I knew the man when" critics), and we have his brother (i.e. The Brother), vs. an anonymous IP editor who cites Britanica. I should think the burden of proof is on those wishing a change from the status quo. In this case, the status quo is all previous commentary on the man. The shrill argument that jumps instantly to invective, personal attack, and charging at presumed "anti-Irish prejudices" (and I presume he means anti-Irish language and not anti-PLAIN PEOPLE OF IRELAND prejudices) lacks all credibility. For our purposes, we will need to maintain the entry in the form most likely to be useful for researchers. That would be O'Nolan. If further evidence arises, such as O'Nolan saying how he'd liked to have been remembered (and there is a passage like that in Curiskeen Lawn, but it never mentions his naming preference), we'll be happy to change. Geogre 00:12, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Actually, the very fact that he was christened Brian Ó Nualláin, and no other name, means that the burden of proof is on you to provide evidence that this was not his real name. You have categorically failed to do this. The twelve Ó Nualláin children were all brought up with Irish as their first language and it was only at the age of six that Brian started learning English. This is not disputed except, it would seem, by you. The fact that the brother mentioned above is Ciarán Ó Nualláin indicates this, as does the fact that another brother signs his name as Mícheál Ó Nualláin in his regular letters to The Irish Times. It can be confirmed in its entirety by Anthony Cronin's biography, No Laughing Matter: The Life and Times of Flann O'Brien (1989)

Where, exactly? Cronin seems just as confused as the rest of us, but does refer to him as O'nolan throughout the book. have you read it?

. It is also attested to in Louis de Paor's Satire and Subversion in Brian Ó Nualláin's An Béal Bocht. I notice, too, that in your defence of an anglicised form, you have attempted to change the debate. Now, it is not about the man's real, birth name but rather about a justification of an anglicised form because it allegedly is "most likely to be useful for researchers". That's a fine, felicitous shift indeed for you. We'll ignore the minor matter that the claim itself, like your other one, completely lacks supporting evidence. At any rate, because of his numerous writings in Irish most Irish people who are aware of his writings know his real name to be Brian Ó Nualláin, as it was, and thus your point is invalid. Perhaps when you haven't enjoyed his enormous wit in the Irish you cannot but help seeing everything about the man through English eyes, and think we all view things the same way. Over to you.

 * As this is an English-language Wikipedia, the English version of his name is most appropriate. I have made changes to the article to reflect this. Please do not revert again as the consensus on this talk page is clearly against you. Filiocht | The kettle's on 11:01, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think we should opt for the English version simply because this is the English-language Wikipedia: we should try to use the version that the man himself used during his life. So far there is evidence in favour of both Ó Nualláin (his registration at birth, the fact that his brothers continue to use Ó Nualláin, Cronin and de Paor's biographies) and O'Nolan (contemporary accounts by Kenner, usage in at least some critical literature, including a book written by his brother, and the fact that his widow used the name Evelyn O'Nolan).  This is definitely not as clear-cut as the anonymous commenter above tries to suggest. --Ryano 12:07, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, we should try to use the version that is most commonly used by English speakers who are, after all, the target audience. Filiocht | The kettle's on 12:20, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I DISLIKE LABELS - rather I mean it's not that they aren't terribly useful. They are, old man. But do. . . do they sufficiently take account of one as . . . a . . . person? There is my dilemma.  (How do you like his horns?)  But I . . I . . . (little indulgent laugh) I know humanity, its foibles, its frailties, its fatuities; I know how the small mind hates what can't be penned into the humiliating five-foot shelf of its 'categories'.  And so. . . if you must libel me, sorry, wrong brief, if you must label me, if you must use one epithet to 'describe' a being who in diversity of modes, universality of character and heterogeneity of spatio-temporal continuity transcends your bathetic dialectic, if, in short, one . . . practically algebraic symbol must suffice to cover the world-searing nakedness of that ontological polymorph who is at once immaculate brahmin, austere neo-platonist, motor-salesman, mystic, horse-doctor, hackney journalist and ideological catalyst, cal me. . . call me. . . (qu'importe en effet, tout cela?) call me . . . ex rebel." -- Myles na gCopaleen, Curiskeen Lawn.

' As this is an English-language Wikipedia, the English version of his name is most appropriate.' OK, so you are no longer disputing the fact the writer who used the name Flann O'Brien was registered at birth as Brian Ó Nualláin into an Irish-speaking home in Tyrone and that English was his second language? So, then, let's tackle this latest line. Let's all do a Wikipedia search for "John Halpin junior", shall we? How far will that get us? And how many people have even heard of such a person? By your above logic, Seán Óg Ó hAilpín should be merely a side name for the main entry of 'John Halpin junior', just as you have placed 'Brian Ó Nualláin' as a side name for the man who was actually born and raised as Brian Ó Nuallain. Likewise, Ruairí Ó Brádaigh is given as Ó Brádaigh's main name with 'Rory Brady in English' as a side entry, an entry which is fair enough. Dara Ó Briain is simply that and not, heaven forfend, something like Woodsy Brien. Again, by your argument above you will have to invent some anglicised form. Bairbre de Brún is her main entry with 'Born Barbara Brown' as a side heading, an entry which is factually based. And so on and so forth. Where is your consistency when a man who was actually born as Brian Ó Nuallain, and unlike Bairbre de Brún's entry nobody here has produced evidence to show he changed his name, is registered under an English form, 'Brian O'Nolan'? Nobody here has acknowledged the reality of his birth-name and in fact the original contributor foolishly claimed that Britannica 'retroactively corrected the man himself', while presenting no evidence for Ó Nualláin's change to O'Nolan and clearly being oblivious to the ironic fact that by using an anglicised form of the man who was born as Brian Ó Nualláin it was he who was retroactively "correcting" Brian Ó Nuallain. Until you produce evidence that Ó Nuallain, unlike his living brothers, preferred the name O'Nolan I will change the entry to the name he was born under with an 'In English Brian O'Nolan' side entry.
 * Frankly, his preference is irrelevant. As are the other examples you cite, which are all people where only one version of the name is ever used. Flann/Myles/Nrian is different because he himeself used multiple names and we have to pick one from amongst them. Can you produce any examples of English-language reference works that favour the Irish version of his name? And I strongly advise against reverting contrary to the consensus. Filiocht | [[User talk:Filiocht|The kettle's on]] 08:24, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm of the view that his preference is relevant, although difficult to determine. Is there a Wikipedia policy which contradicts this? --Ryano 09:17, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Filiocht in terms of our indexing/article naming, and generally our own references. If we had a clear indication of his preference, we could simply state so in the lead and then continue referring to him in the most utilitarian fashion.  However, the evidence we have is that he himself used O'Nolan.  He had his paychecks made out to O'Nolan.  That's documentary and non-anecdotal.  We have his brother -- however he referred to himself being irrelevant -- writing of him as O'Nolan (perhaps a recognition of the point Filiocht makes: that the man belonged to the public sphere, and the public sphere knew him as O'Nolan).  That, too, is documentary.  Against that, we have the birth certificate, which he, of course, did not make out.  Indeed, his parents didn't make it out, either.  The county made that out.  Beyond that, we have...we have...nothing.  On the other hand, the excerpt I copied above from Curiskeen Lawn shows pretty clearly what Flann O'Brien thought about all this folderol over names and labels.  I fully expect our anonymous IP patriot to tell us that O'Nolan was interested in Irish "when it was neither profitable nor popular" and that "his purse" was always at the disposal of his national language (from Myles's description of "Bores"). Geogre 11:33, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * An aversion to eggs may well also feature. Bad for the bag. Filiocht | The kettle's on 12:01, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Never looked an egg in the eye, I tell you. Doctors are a very bad business.  Geogre 13:26, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Another not irrelevant quote from the great man (found in The Best of Myles)
 * There is scarcely a single word in the Irish … that is simple and explicit. Apart from words with endless shades of cognate meaning, there are many with so complete a spectrum of graduated ambiguity that each of them can be made to express two directly contrary meanings, as well as a plethora of intermediate concepts that have no bearing on either. … Superimpose on all that the miasma of ironic usage, poetic licence, oxymoron, plámás, Celtic evasion, Irish bullery and Paddy Whackery, and it is a safe bet you will find yourself very far from home.

Filiocht | The kettle's on 13:40, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * More from Myles on himself (and Modernism):
 * "Yes. Twenty years ago, most of us were tortured by the inadequacy of even the most civilised, the most elaborate, the most highly developed languages to the exigencies of human thought, to the nuances of inter-psychic communion, to the expression of the silent agonised pathologies of the post-Versailles epoch. Our strangled feelings, despairing of a sufficiently subtle vehicle, erupted into the crudities of the war novel. But here and there a finer intellect scorned this course. Tzara put his unhappy shirt on his dada (Fr. for hobby-horse as you must surely know), poor Jimmy Joyce abolished the King's English, Paulsy Picasso started cutting out paper dolls and I. ..
 * I?
 * As far as I remember, I founded the Rathmines branch of the Gaelic League. Having nothing to say, I thought at that time that it was important to revive a distant language in which absolutely nothing could be said."
 * Not that we should regard this as non-ironic, but in his Myles persona he was much more consistent in criticism of (bad) Irish and Irish linguistic nationalism than he was in ever speaking of the good old Mother Tongue. Geogre 15:49, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That's one of my favourite Myles quotes, but while O'Brien is certainly the best satirist of the Irish language movement, it would be wrong to say that he was predominantly critical of the language and movement in his Myles persona. He wrote some excellent stuff on the worth of the Irish language as Myles, I'm particularly thinking of his literal translation of a letter by Patrick Sarsfield.  His relationship with Irish is best thought of as complex, and his writings are all the better for this.  --Ryano 16:10, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Reading this thread I have to disagree with a lot of what is said. First, his father was a HM Customs officer for much of his career - and in that professional role it is probable that he used the English version of his name, i.e., Nolan. There is a fair amount of evidence that the father was 'discreet' about his political views. However, the choice of his parents to use the Irish version of the name "Ó Nualláin" on their children's birth certificates was, in pre-independence Ireland, a decision of considerable political significance and therefore it is important to understanding Brian O'Nolan, who he was, what his background was (as was the revival of Irish 'christian names' in the same period. Similarly, the decision to raise children speaking Irish as their first language in pre-independence Strabane is significant.  So these points should be included in the Wikipedia entry.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 51.219.78.58 (talk) 11:25, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

I will note for the record that the English Wikipedia article about Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski is entitled Joseph Conrad, the name by which he is best known. What is more, the Polish Wikipedia article is also titled pl:Joseph Conrad, though almost all the references to him there use the name Korzeniowski. He wrote fiction exclusively in English.

Take this for what it's worth, if anything. --John Cowan (talk) 03:52, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * As another example, the name on [Isaac Asimov]'s birth certificate was certainly in Cyrillic, yet his name appears in the English page as "Isaac Asimov" and in the Russian page as a transliteration of that (as distinct from his original name). Why?  Because those are the names by which he is known in English and Russian.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnwcowan (talk • contribs) 21:43, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

Possible Copyvio?
I started editing this but then noticed that it was almost identical to the article here: []

I don't know if it's a copyvio however - anybody any ideas? Paul Tracy 14:07, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It's possible it's a reverse copyvio! What happens in that case? Paul Tracy

 * No Paul, the WORDIQ site is a Wikipedia mirror using our articles. See the bottom of the page there. Good luck with the editing. I'll chip in if I can. Filiocht 14:17, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * -) I'm delighted to see that our words have such currency.  You're not the first one, Paul, to fall for that confusion.  Wikipedia is propagated so far and wide now that, on obscure topics, it can be hard to find any web references that aren't us.  (I admit to some pride in seeing so many of my words get out into the world, too, of course.  Just gotta be honest about it.) Geogre 17:09, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'm not sure if a spoiler warning is needed for the "Brother Barnabas" story, because it's not a story a casual reader is likely to read or even locate, but this is arguable. I am also wondering if the Early Works section that I've added is more detailed than it needs to be? I find it to be interesting, useful information, but it's undeniably less important than the "Novels" and "Journalism" sections. Cobra libre 18:36, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that spoiler warnings are out of line in general, and in particular with a comic novelist, and even more particularly with a story that's hard to locate, much less to read, so I sure wouldn't like to see a spoiler warning anywhere. Another matter is that we simply ought not be doing any kind of sequential plot discussion in an author article.  That's better done in an article on the work.  Since this is incubata, I wouldn't worry about it.
 * As for the second point, I love the new "Early" material. I think it's great.  It's stuff I didn't know, and it helps illuminate the later stuff well.  I think the answer is that, while it is presently disproportionately long compared to what we have on the later works, it's exactly the right length.  The problem is that our coverage of the later stuff is stunted.  We need much, much more on his named novels.
 * A point that I side-stepped when I first worked on this article is the problem of dealing with works only signed Flann O'Brien and making a page on Brian O'Nolan. It seems that we're doing the latter, but a Myles page ought to take some of the pressure off, here, from getting into too much detail on the journalism.
 * A thing that's still missing, and which I can't fill in, is his work in the Gaelic League. I know he started one of the first chapters of the Irish language revival movement, and I know he was at serious odds with the Nationalists (because he thought they were sloppy and goofy, not because he didn't want a Republic), but I don't know the details to fill them in.
 * Anyway, those are my 2 cents. Geogre 20:00, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Geogre, thank you very much for the helpful feedback. I have to admit that I broke down and shortened the "Early works" section.  As far O'Brien's work with the Gaelic League, I presently can't be of much help there, though I do have a Flann O'Brien biography lying around that I skim occasionally, so I'll see if I can contribue something of worth the next time I read through the book. I agree that a separate Brian O'Nolan page would be useful, though again, I'm not sure how to approach it. - Cobra libre 19:39, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm just rereading At Swim-Two-Birds, myself. There are some errors in the main article (it isn't entirely made up of other characters; that comes from a single speech by Brinsley to the college student, and the character of Furriskey is supposed to be Trellis's invention "ab ovo ex nihilo."  Anyway, Myles has a great line where he talks about being alive at the height of Modernism, and, while Yeats and Pound and such were doing their things, while Dada went on, he founded the Rathmines branch of the Gaelic League.  "Having nothing to say, I worked to revive a language in which it isn't possible to say anything." Geogre 22:19, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

What's this about a Flann O'Brien Center? I couldn't find anything about it from a cursory look at the Southern Illinois University Press web page. I wonder if this information is perhaps out of date; it seems like the Dalkey Archive Press (itself associated with the Center for Book Culture, which in turn is associated with Illinois State University) would be the likely locus for O'Brien-related activity these days, in the U.S., at least. - Cobra libre 19:39, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * My fault. As you say, it's Illinois State U. and not SIU.  I think I was tripped up by the SIU English Dept. being the stronger of the two.  I think that the FO Center is within the Dalkey Archive Press, that the press grew out of a new center for Flann.  My information may well be out of date, however.  Rarely, though, does a single-author press start up without there being some kind of scholarly center and/or grant to make it possible.  Geogre 22:19, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Removal of Vico
Why remove the reference to Vico? Geogre 13:27, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't remove that, but I tend to agree with whomever did. I'm not aware that the de Selby of The Third Policeman has much to do with Vico, although I'm open to correction if there are sources.  Also the bit about the bicycle recalling Beckett is rather tenuous also - Beckett's association with the bicycle is minimal compare with O'Brien's. --Ryano 14:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

About the bicycles I can answer. About Vico, I can't directly. Beckett was a cycling fan, and one of the common readings of Waiting for Godot is even that the "Godot" was a cycling hero of his (tongue in cheek, of course). Also, Beckett wrote that he saw the man on the bicycle as being a symbol of Cartesian dualism -- the problem of self and body/subject and object. The point to that and the Vico reference, however, was that O'Nolan was an avid reader of Joyce and Beckett -- so much so that he made a point of duplicating Joyce's reading, right down to Vico, and making inside references to both of his ex patriot countrymen. In particular in Dalkey Archive, but also The Third Policeman, O'Nolan plays with Irish literature itself, and especially the kind of Hell that the Irish Modernists had dreamed up. My source for the Vico identification is oral, so I absolutely won't re-insert it or insist upon it. I got it from lectures from Richard Ellmann. I can't reproduce the lectures, and Ellmann didn't write much about O'Nolan directly, so, on the principle that that which cannot be documented is not included, I don't mind. I just wondered if anyone had other identifications. Geogre 15:46, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge? No.
Myles is a literary figure. It would be possible for the Myles article to redirect here, but Myles is a facet of the man. The reason that this article takes up most of the work of Brian O'Nolan is that, rightly or wrongly, Brian O'Nolan is known as Flann O'Brien almost exclusively, while Myles is known, still, as a persona. Geogre 12:23, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * If there's no consensus, my feelings aren't hurt, but it seems like both articles would be better served with a merge--even if Myles gets his own section, you know? If I were to merge them, I think I'd sectionize the personae, because he apparently uses different names for a reason, not just for kicks.

 * I suppose the really odd thing is that this article is under a pen name, but includes more than just the pen name. So really, this is a mess.  I think the best thing would be to have the article at Brian O'Nolan, while also giving separate treatments to pen names, which could actually work out better, explaining the personae with context and stuff. NickelShoe 04:44, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

For what it's worth, I agree with you. We have, effectively, the biography of Brian O'Nolan under the penname, but that's because he's just not known by his English name (and one IP editor is furious that we even include it -- see above). The only thing the Irish-language folks would tolerate, I suppose, is the unambiguous "Flann O'Brien." Now, we can merge Myles into this, as, effectively, we have folded in the biography here, and redirect Myles here, but I wouldn't favor trying to put all this lot in Brian O'Nolan or Brian Nolan or the Irish version of his name or Myles. When I first wrote the article, years ago, I thought there couldn't be controversy. I was naive. The controversy at this point is at least sufficient to eliminate much consensus. (Short version: merge Myles into here, with a section on that persona, but "Flann O'Brien" is the proper master term.) Geogre 15:56, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

The Dalkey Archive - Skerries/Dalkey?
"The Dalkey Archive features a character who encounters a penitent, elderly James Joyce (who never wrote any of his books and seeks only to join the Jesuit Order) working as a busboy in the resort of Dalkey and a scientist looking to suck all of the air out of the world. "

I note that an edit which changed the above to "working as a busboy in the resort of Skerries" was reverted. I don't have a copy of the book to hand, but I believe Skerries is correct. This Google search throws up plenty of references to Joyce working in a bar in Skerries. The main setting of the book is Dalkey, but from my memory the narrator travels to Skerries to meet Joyce. --Ryano 12:59, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I was the origin of the misinformation, and I think you're right. He's working in the Skerries, so it should be changed.  The editor was probably reverted by someone simply overturning some of the IP edits that go on, or possibly the editor added other information that was clearly false.  Geogre 14:31, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Merge? yes. (and other remarks)
I'd support Geogre's remarks above regarding the merging of Myles into this article. A couple of other points: OK, that's enough nits picked for this afternoon. Palmiro | Talk 14:03, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Could someone in a position to do this add a complete bibliography of his works to the end of the article?
 * Could we have a date for his forced resignation from the civil servant?
 * The article says that O'Nolan "(according to Anne Clune/Clissman - a tenuous and subjective claim) due to his spiralling alcoholism never regained the heights of his early work". I don't find this very clear: is Ann Clune/Clissman making this claim and a Wikipedia editor saying that it is tenuous and subjective, or is it the other way round, and whichever it is, perhaps a citation would be in order for the non Clune-Clissman bit and a clear citation for the Clune/Clissman bit? And I see that Ann Clune is cited in the bibliography, but where does Clissman come into it?
 * FWIW, I think that "tenuous" thing came from a bit of an editorial battle. I think one anon added it, and then another editor/anon who had read the same things (and I haven't read any of them) put in that it was tenuous.  My impression is that the allegation came from a hatchet job done on O'Nolan by one of his (numerous) detractors in Ireland.  However, we really need some expert tender loving care here, with good references and explanations.  I think that the really fiery editor who was mucking up has wandered off, and I never expected actual controversy lo those many years ago when I made a basic article on one of my favorite authors, but there is surprising heat here, and I think that's the origin of that claim and qualification.  Geogre 14:28, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, O'Nolan was a notoriously cantankerous character, so I suppose it's only fitting that the article about him should feature such shenanigans. I seem to remember reading, perhaps in your man's book (you know who I mean) an account of seeing O'Nolan stumble homewards along the side of Merrion Square, hopelessly drunk and clutching onto the area railings in front of the houses for support, all the time repeating, "Fuck the fucking fuckers. Fuck the fucking fuckers". Palmiro | Talk 14:40, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Unreliability of Cronin biog
I have posted this note on Talk:At Swim-Two-Birds as well, but it's worth reprinting here: I've discovered two errors in Anthony Cronin's biography. One is that he gets wrong the title of the proto-AS2B story that O'Nolan published in Comhthrom Féinne; Cronin has it as "Scenes from a novel" but John Wyse Jackson (editor of Myles Before Myles), a man I take to have actually looked at the journal in question, gives it as "Scenes in a novel". The other is that Cronin gives the title of O'Nolan's MA thesis as "Nature in Irish Poetry", whereas anyone with a focal or two can clearly see that Nádúirfhilíocht na Gaedhilge translates as "Nature Poetry in Irish"; this is, at any rate, how Cathal Ó Hainle (who has way more Irish than me) translates it in Clune & Hurson's collection of essays on O'Brien. My own feeling is that these two elementary mistakes put Cronin's reliability in question, and advise (but, okay, maybe not "urge") contributors using him as a source to be on their guard. Lexo (talk) 15:51, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Cronin knew the man. He is blind as a bat though. I think you can forgive little mistakes like that for a first hand account. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.40.180.59 (talk) 23:00, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

 * First hand accounts are often based on the subject's interests at the time, or to augment his fame, and must be read with about 20 reminiscences of other friends; then you have depth.86.42.218.22 (talk) 20:15, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Original research
I respect the need for the guidelines on WP: Original research but sometimes I regret them. I'm sure most Myles readers will know of the celebrated section on WAAMA in the beginning of The Best of Myles, where trained escorts take you to the theatre and ventriloquise your half of the intelligent conversation, plus all the stuff about the book-handling service, where fake letters from famous authors are left in your books? My family inherited my grandfather's copy of The Best of Myles and stuck inside it is a genuine letter from O'Nolan to my grandpa, thanking him for an idea about WAAMA and coming up with ways to develop it. (This is not as unlikely as it sounds, since in 30s/40s Dublin my grandpa was a well-known writer.) Damn, I wish I knew a way to use that without it being original research. Lexo (talk) 15:58, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Wasn't Buchhandlung a rollover from the old Blather days? Maybe the letter was a joke on the part of your grandfather (one in keeping with the WAAMA theme). Have you tried to compare the handwriting with O'Nolan's (or, indeed, DJ's)? Rc65 (talk) 16:38, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

What Pseudonym Problem?
"hence the acute pseudonym problem in attributing his work today" What exactly is this problem? All the novels and the play are demonstrably the work of O'Nolan. A handful of Cruiskeen Lawn articles were written by Niall Montgomery but many of these have been identified (from cuttings among Montgomery's papers in the National Library of Ireland). O'Nolan also published in the provincial papers but the record of this is fairly complete, no? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.46.163.225 (talk) 16:23, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

The pseudonym problem is pretty straightforward - no one really can get a handle on all of O'Nolan's writing - and he may have been embarrassed about some of it (pulp detective fiction...) There is a belief that O'Nolan was a much more prolific writer than simple searches would reveal. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 51.219.78.58 (talk) 11:28, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Biographical Content of the Article
I may have this wrong, but, looking at the article, there's very little information of a purely biographical nature. Most of it is taken up with the details of his writing career and style. While obviously its only right that the works take precedence and that a full account of his literary career be given, I wonder if there could be more detail about the other aspects of his life? His problems with alcohol aren't really treated, nor is his marriage. I'm afraid I'm not really enough of a Flann expert to undertake any expansion of the article myself. Thoughts? ANB (talk) 00:32, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

If you talk to people who knew O'Nolan, as I have, he really was pretty appalling when drunk (so, inter alia was Behan) - and to be blunt, he was also really obnoxious. O'Nolan stories abound, but few have been written down - the car engine story (Martin B. Slattery's pub, Garda, car engine, drunk in charge of a mechanically propelled vehicle - no engine in car (it was in the pub on a dolly) so the vehicle couldn't be mechanically propelled); numerous drunk driving incidents - O'Nolan had in fact written Ireland's drunk driving laws and rules while in the Department for Local Government (one involved smuggling in a 'naggin' of whisky to the police station to confound the test (and ostentatiously drinking it in front of the desk sergeant while waiting for the doctor who was to draw blood - this was then widely imitated); cutting dead a friend who was a judge and part of the McDaid's circle when he recused himself form a drunk driving case involving O'Brien; drunken days in the 'Scottish House' bar, urinating on the carpet in a pub in front fo Nuala O'Faoilean; stealing Cully O'Mhaoney's leg (it fell off when O'Mahoney was drunk too) - he was not unusual for the McDaid's circle, but still he was somewhat of a mean drunk and by the time he was fired, his civil service peers loathed him.

For some reason people are unwilling to describe these things in writing - but the behaviour is still legendary 60-70 odd years later. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 51.219.78.58 (talk) 11:39, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Keats and Chapman's absence in the Works section
Given that Cruiskeen Lawn compilations feature in the list of works is there any reason for their omission? 88.193.200.140 (talk) 09:23, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Connor O'Nolan
What is meant by a "glasses enthusiast"? A euphemism for heavy drinker, perhaps? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.59.229.12 (talk) 06:27, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

"He caught cancer of the throat"
Is cancer catching, then? 194.72.120.131 (talk) 15:18, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Been taken care of, at some point. Now reads "He suffered from cancer of the throat". --Thnidu (talk) 02:02, 3 August 2015 (UTC)

Pronunciations
Any chance of adding the pronunciations and audio files of the Gaelic names Brian Ó Nualláin and Myles na gCopaleen? --Thnidu (talk) 02:08, 3 August 2015 (UTC)

Further reading / magazines
As I see it, the paragraph "Further reading" is about biographies of Brian O'Nolan and studies of his works. The addition of the magazines "Envoy" and "The Bell" do not belong there and should be, if at all, incorporated in the main text of the article - including references and / or examples substantiating O'Nolan's supposed "substantial contributions" to one, or the "seminal influence" the other had on his work. Albrecht Conz (talk) 06:10, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

Overwritten
The article is in places overwritten and overly familiar. Quite unprofessional. 86.159.237.148 (talk) 01:19, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flann O'Brien


text:
William Brown Library and Museum

The William Brown Library and Museum is a Grade II* listed building situated on the historic William Brown Street in Liverpool, England. The building currently houses part of the World Museum Liverpool and Liverpool Central Library.

The William Brown Library and Museum building was conceived as a replacement for the Derby Museum (containing the Earl of Derby's natural history collection) which then shared two rooms on the city's Duke Street with a library. The land for the building on what was then called Shaw's Brow as well as much of the funding was provided by local MP and merchant Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet of Astrop, in whose honour the street was renamed.

Following on from the then-recently completed St. George's Hall across the street, the new building was designed by Thomas Allom in a classical style including Corinthian columns and was modified by the Liverpool Corporation architect John Weightman. The new building opened its doors in 1860 with 400,000 people attending the opening ceremony.

With Liverpool being one of the country's key ports, much of the city was badly damaged by German bombing during the Second World War and William Brown Library and Museum were no exception. Hit by firebombs during the blitz in 1941, the building was ravaged by fire and much of the building had to be rebuilt. Key parts of the museum's collection had been previously moved to less vulnerable locations and damage to those avoided.

Plans have now been brought forward to redevelop the library, replacing the post–World War II additions with state-of-the-art facilities.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William Brown Library and Museum


text:
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter

The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is a light commercial vehicle (van) built by Mercedes-Benz Group AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a large van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past, the Sprinter had been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, and Freightliner nameplates. In the U.S., it was built from complete knock down (CKD) kits by Freightliner. Re-badged and re-engined Sprinters were also sold by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles as the Volkswagen LT and the Volkswagen Crafter. They are now primarily marketed by Mercedes-Benz.

In the Mercedes-Benz van lineup, the Sprinter is the largest model offered, followed by the mid-size Vito (aka Viano, V-Class, and EQV) and small Citan.

Europe
The first generation Sprinter was launched in Europe in 1995 to replace the famous but outdated T1 Transporter van dating from 1977. Compared to the T1, the Sprinter had reduced the aerodynamic drag and moved the engine 290 mm further forward to increase cabin space. It was the first Mercedes-Benz product to carry a name rather than an alphanumeric designation. It was released with four-wheel disc brakes equipped with an antilock braking system and was driven by the most powerful diesel engine in its class, with a power output of 90 kW. The Sprinter was voted International Van of the Year for 1995.

The styling was updated in 2000 and 2002, accompanied by technical changes that included standard electronic stability control (2002).

North America
The first generation (VA chassis) North American Sprinter was launched for the 2002 model year in the U.S. and was originally branded as a Freightliner. In 2003, it received Dodge branding, as DaimlerChrysler chose to replace the aging Dodge Ram van with the Sprinter rather than redesign it. After 2003, they were sold concurrently under the Freightliner and Dodge nameplates, and were identical except for minor styling details and badging. DaimlerChrysler chose not to badge the Sprinter as a Mercedes-Benz, because it felt the utilitarian Sprinter would interfere with the luxury image that the Mercedes-Benz brand had in North America, and instead used the Freightliner and Dodge nameplates, as both of those brands had more experience selling trucks and commercial vehicles.

Cargo versions of the Sprinter were manufactured in Düsseldorf, Germany, partially disassembled, and then shipped to a Freightliner factory in Gaffney, South Carolina, where they were reassembled. The cargo versions, classified as light trucks, are subject to the 25% chicken tax if imported as a complete unit, which is avoided by the disassembly and importation as a semi knock-down kit, with subsequent reassembly in the U.S. Passenger vans were not subject to the same tax classifications and were imported as an assembled unit through Mercedes-Benz in Jacksonville, Florida.

2002–2003 Sprinters sold in North America were only available with the 2.7L OM612 inline-5 diesel engine, and were only available in 49 states as it was not compliant with CARB emissions standards; 2004–2006 models used the OM647 engine, which replaced the OM612's air-cooled EGR valve with a water-cooled unit, among other changes, which made the 2004–2006 Sprinters CARB-compliant. The only transmission offered in North America was the 5-speed 5G-Tronic transmission.

The product was launched and supported by DaimlerChrysler Vans LLC, a small division based in Huntersville, North Carolina. Key individuals from DaimlerChrysler Commercial Vehicle Division and Freightliner Trucks were selected to spearhead the effort and made up the bulk of the division. DaimlerChrysler Vans LLC retained sole responsibility for the North American Sprinter market until the sales, service and parts support responsibilities were absorbed by Chrysler Commercial Vehicle Division in 2004. Nearly all of the original staff were retained, though the base of operations shifted from North Carolina to Auburn Hills, Michigan.

Japan
The Sprinter van was sold as the Mercedes-Benz Transporter T1N due to Toyota using the name Toyota Sprinter, a version of the Corolla.

Iran
The model 314 of the first generation is still assembled by Iran Khodro Diesel. It is used as an ambulance.

Vietnam
The first generation Sprinter was assembled by Mercedes Benz Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City from CKD kits to avoid high local import duties.

Sprinter Classic
Since 2013, the 2000–2006 Sprinter model has been revived in Russian markets only as the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic. The Phase II 2002–2006 grille was chosen for use on the Sprinter Classic and the 2000–2006 dashboard design. The Sprinter Classic used the steering wheel from the 2006–2014 Sprinter models. The Sprinter Classic is built by the Gorky Automobile Plant at Nizhny Novgorod for service in Russian/Eastern European markets only.

Dimensions

 * Notes
 * Interior width is 68.3 in for all versions.

Fuel economy
With 2.7L I5 OM 612/OM 647 156 hp CDI engine:

Initial release
The second-generation Sprinter was introduced in Europe in 2006. It was voted Van of the Year for 2007 and again in 2008 by Professional Van and Light Truck Magazine.

Also known as the NCV3 or New Concept Van 3, the second generation Sprinter appeared in Europe and in other countries as the 2006 model year. North America received its own NCV3 for the 2007 model year.

The U.S. cargo version of the 906 NCV3 came in two wheelbase options (144", 170"), two roof heights (standard 60.6", high 72.4"), three lengths (Short 233.3", Standard 274.2, Extended 289.8"), and two weight classes (2500, 3500). 3500 models had the option of dual rear wheels or extra-wide "super single" wheels in some, but not all, markets. Neither the 128" wheelbase nor the rear super single tires were available in the U.S. market. The U.S. cargo version was reassembled from kits in an assembly plant located in Ladson, South Carolina, while the passenger models were imported directly from Germany.

The second-generation 906 was produced in Argentina only for export markets—except Mercosur markets (Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay)—from 2007 until 2010, but in 2011, announced new production of the second generation in the Centro Industrial J. Manuel Fangio, in Buenos Aires with the brand-new OM 651 engine (also locally made) and exported to the rest of South America (including Mercosur markets). Since 2012, it has been manufactured for the Mercosur and 40 other countries. 70% of its production is exported.

Production
The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter was built in Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Düsseldorf and Ludwigsfelde production plants.

For the second-generation Sprinter marketed in the United States, to avoid "chicken tax" import duties, the cargo version was disassembled partially, shipped to the United States, and reassembled at a plant in Ladson, South Carolina (near North Charleston), in a process known as semi knock-down assembly (SKD), starting in June 2006; the passenger version continued to be imported as a complete unit. The Ladson factory previously was used as an American LaFrance factory for firefighting trucks. The previous SKD reassembly facility in Gaffney resumed operations under Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation. The Ladson plant was known as DaimlerChrysler Manufacturing International until the parent corporation was dissolved; importation and SKD reassembly of the Sprinter cargo van continued at Ladson under the auspices of Mercedes-Benz Vans, LLC.

Between July 2013 and the end of May 2014, Mercedes-Benz Vans sold around 134,000 units of the new model of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter in Europe and North America.

The production version of the Sprinter-based Volkswagen Crafter by Mercedes-Benz Vans was set to end in 2016.

A class action lawsuit was filed in California state court against Mercedes-Benz alleging the defendant had sold Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2500 and 3500 models with water that leaked from the roof air conditioning unit into the passenger area. The leaking air conditioning unit was also discovered on Dodge Sprinters made by Mercedes-Benz from 2003 through 2009. The lawsuit affected California residents with the rooftop AC units and Sprinters equipped with the rear AC.

Algeria
From 2014, Algeria started manufacturing the latest model of Sprinter 319/519 4×2 and 4×4 for civilian and military use.

Marketing
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter vans were used in the Boost by Mercedes-Benz custom transportation program.

Sprinter (2013–2019)
The second generation Sprinter was updated in 2013 with changes including the addition of new assistance systems (crosswind stabilization, collision avoidance system (optional), blind spot monitor (optional), adaptive highbeam, lane departure warning system), Euro VI emissions compliance, redesigned radiator grille, more angular headlights, new upholstery and seat coverings, thicker steering wheel, optional fresh air nozzles boast chrome applications, new-generation radio system.

The vehicle was unveiled in 2014 International Commercial Vehicles show.

Ordering began in June 2013, followed by deliveries in September 2013. Early models include ECO-Gear six-speed manual transmission or the 7G-TRONIC PLUS seven-speed automatic transmission with lock-up clutch.

US models went on sale in the fall of 2013 as 2014 model year vehicles. Early models included a choice of 2 engines (2.1-liter 4-cylinder turbo diesel (163PS) with 7-speed automatic, 3.0-liter V6 turbo diesel (190PS) with 5-speed automatic), 144" & 170" wheelbase (both engines), 3 body lengths, high-roof option, 5 configurations (Cargo, Crew, Passenger, MiniBus, Cab Chassis).

In September 2018, e-commerce platform Amazon announced that they had contracted to acquire 20,000 Amazon-badged Sprinters to be available for small business partners of their proprietary logistics service.

Sprinter 4x4 (2015–2019)
Early models include Sprinter 313/513 BlueTec 4x4, Sprinter 316/516 BlueTec 4x4, Sprinter 319/519 BlueTec 4x4; Eco Gear six-speed manual or five-speed automatic (transmission with converter Sprinter 319/519 BlueTec 4x4).

US models were set to go on sale in the first quarter of 2015 as 2015 model year vehicles. Early models included 144" and 170" wheelbases in low and high roof configurations, 5 body styles (Passenger Van, Crew Van (mixed 2-row passenger and cargo application), and Cargo Van (both 8,550 and 11,030 GVWRs)), 1 engine choice (3.0 L V6 BlueTEC (exclusive 4x4 powertrain)).

2014 facelift
For the 2014 model year, the Sprinter received an updated grille with Mercedes-Benz's signature three-slat design. In an effort to make the Sprinter's fuel economy more competitive, North American models received the 2.1L OM651 two-stage turbo diesel engine formerly only available overseas, along with an optional 3.0L engine. The 2.1L engine (and in Europe, also the 3.0L) was mated to a new 7-speed automatic transmission. A 1.8L supercharged I-4 gasoline engine was mated to 6- and 7- speed automatic transmissions. The 2014 Sprinter added several new driver assistance technologies including standard Crosswind Assist, optional Blind Spot Assist and Collision Prevention Assist, as well as Lane Keeping Assist and Highbeam Assist. The 2014 Sprinter began offering LED running lights. Air suspension was an available option on the 3500-series model. The 2014 Sprinter also gained navigation, iPod integration, and an air suspension for heavier-duty models.

20th Anniversary Edition
For the UK market in 2015, to celebrate 20 years since the first Sprinters were manufactured, a run of 1,200 special edition vans were sold to the public. These vans included the following additional interior comforts and exterior trim level:
 * Air conditioning
 * Integrated Satellite navigation
 * Driver's comfort seat and armrest
 * Wheel trims
 * Chrome grille
 * Chrome 'Sprinter 20' badging on the front wing

Dimensions

 * Notes

Third generation (2019–present, VS30)
The third-generation Sprinter debuted on 6 February 2018, at the Mercedes-Benz logistics center in Duisburg and was available to purchase from June 2018. It is the first generation to include a front-wheel-drive van in the line-up. A new range of standard and optional technology and comfort features were made available.

To prepare for the third-generation van, in 2015, Mercedes-Benz Vans decided to switch North American Sprinter production to complete knock-down kit (CKD) assembly, kicking off an expansion of the Ladson factory in 2016, and the first Ladson-built Sprinter rolled off the assembly line in September 2018. The Freightliner version was discontinued after the 2021 model year as part of the Daimler Truck divestment in the Freightliner brand in October 2021.

The third generation Sprinter was updated for the 2023 model year in the U.S., offering a new, all-time all-wheel-drive option with retirement of the selectable "4×4" option; additionally, a 2.0L 4-cylinder OM654 engine replaced the previous diesel engines with standard and high-output tunings offered. Power steering was updated to electromechanical from hydraulic.

eSprinter
The first eSprinter was announced in February 2018. It is a large battery-electric van based on the third-generation Sprinter with a unique front-wheel drive chassis; production of the eSprinter commenced at Düsseldorf in December 2019 for European markets. It is equipped with one of two batteries, with a usable/gross battery capacity of 35/41 (3 modules) or 47/55 kW-hr (4 modules), and is driven by an electric traction motor with an output of 85 kW and 295 Nm. Initially, it was available exclusively as a high-roof panel van with a cargo capacity of 10.5 m3.

Winter endurance testing under arctic conditions reduced range to 100 km. The production vehicles have an estimated range of 115 or 168 km for the 41 or 55 kW-hr batteries, giving an energy consumption of 32.5 or 37.1 kWh/100km, respectively, under Directive 692/2008/EC test requirements. The gross vehicle weight rating is 3500 kg; given the maximum payload is 891 or 1040 kg for the 55 or 41 kW-hr battery, respectively, the kerb weight is 2360–2609 kg, and a single battery module is estimated to weigh 250 kg.

eSprinter 2.0
One year after eSprinter production started, Mercedes-Benz announced its successor in December 2020. The second-generation eSprinter 2.0 will be released in late 2023. It is based on the Mercedes-Benz "Electric Versatility Platform" (EVP), a bespoke chassis designed for large vans; EVP shifts the traction motor to the rear axle and enables Mercedes-Benz to offer variants, including pickup truck, chassis cab, and cutaway versions. Three different battery capacities will be available, as Mercedes is aiming to double the range of the Europe-only first generation eSprinter. Production is scheduled to start in the second half of 2023 at the three Sprinter factories: Ladson; Düsseldorf; and Ludwigsfelde.

In October 2022, a preproduction extra-long, high-roof eSprinter 2.0 was driven for 295 mi on a single charge, taking a roundtrip journey from the Mercedes-Benz Museum to the Munich Airport and back. The computed energy consumption was 21.9 kWh/100km and the eSprinter indicated there were 20 km of range remaining when the trip was completed, giving an estimated usable battery capacity of 108.5 kW-hr.

Dimensions

 * Notes

Uses
The Sprinter is designed primarily for business, not private users, although recreational vehicle (RV) conversions are available. In the United States, the first generation Sprinters (2001–2006) were offered solely with the Mercedes-Benz 2.7 litre straight 5 cylinder turbocharged Diesel.

Companies are replacing van conversions with wide bus bodies—Sprinters with side-facing benches and tall right-side doors—as campus shuttles. Limited numbers of complete "wagons" (passenger vans) are being produced in Germany and shipped complete to the United States mostly for personal and church van uses. Typical Sprinter wagons accommodate 8 to 10 passengers and have glass in all possible factory positions. Vans shipped to the United States on-spec (speculation to sell by dealer/distributor) are mostly sent in Arctic White color, but many colors are available. The Dodge dealer network for Sprinters is limited to certified locations (known as "Business Link" certified dealers, usually only awarded to "Five Star" certified dealers), and dealer knowledge is still limited in both sales and service. Special orders typically take one to three months for delivery, and may take even longer due to the assembly and disassembly in Germany, and exporting parts to South Carolina for re-assembly. The exception is passenger van models which are assembled in Germany and exported as complete vehicles. This is because of the United States Chicken Tax. As an unintended consequence, several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes, known as tariff engineering. Ford (ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect), imported its first-generation Transit Connect light trucks as "passenger vehicles" to the U.S. from Turkey, and immediately stripped and shredded portions of their interiors (e.g., installed rear seats, seatbelts) in a warehouse outside Baltimore. To import vans built in Germany, Mercedes-Benz "disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina, where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building." The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured, free from the tariff.

In North America, most Sprinters are sold as cargo vans to expediters in the United States. Such expediters are similar to truck drivers, except they take smaller loads and will wait after unloading until dispatchers find another customer nearby to transport goods. The advent of the Sprinter van with its cargo space of 13.5 feet has allowed van expediters to take three 48 x skids or pallets, where previously they were limited to a capacity of two pallets. A Sprinter is capable of hauling approximately 3000 lb of cargo. The vehicle has been adopted by the police in Hong Kong, United Kingdom and in Poland, and also as an ambulance by countries in Western Europe, Scandinavia, the U.S., Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. The 515 CDI has become the standard ambulance for use by the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom, and the Health Service Executive (HSE) & Dublin Fire Brigade Ambulance Service in the Republic of Ireland.

Another market in which Sprinters are gaining ground is as van conversions and recreational vehicles. Conversions include RVs, limousines, family and luxury vans, office vans, wheelchair accessible vans and golf vans. Sprinter RV conversions can also be called Sprinter campervans. Sprinter conversions have been produced by several RV and coach manufacturers. Chilled box versions of the Sprinter currently make up the majority of the supermarket Home Delivery fleet across the UK, but demand for these vans has begun to decline. ASDA recently announced that its new fleet would be primarily custom IVECO vans, following in the footsteps of Tesco. Ocado & retail partner Morrisons are primarily taking delivery of Ford Transits for their newer fleet. Mercedes are currently working with Waitrose Home Delivery, who currently use chilled LWB HR Sprinters, on a prototype of a new generation home-delivery van, which is currently being used in select stores, aiming to cut emissions, costs and increase time efficiency.

Sprinters have been used globally as television production vehicles, most commonly as ENG (Electronic News Gathering) and SNG (Satellite News Gathering) vehicles. These are a popular choice for local affiliates for their maneuverability in metropolitan areas and the lack of DOT regulations (in the under 10,000 lbs versions).

Despite not being marketed as a family vehicle, a custom-modified Dodge-branded Sprinter was used by the ten-member Gosselin family, the subjects of the TLC reality series Jon & Kate Plus 8.

In Colombia, the Sprinter is the most popular van for intercity transport. The purchase of a luxuriously appointed Sprinter by the son of former President Julio Cesar Turbay, Julio Cesar Turbay, Jr. prompted a scandal.

A Mercedes Sprinter was the vehicle used by Mike and Frank on the History Channel reality series American Pickers until Season 6, when it was replaced by a Ford Transit.

The van is also used as a mobile command center by the Garda Síochána which is the national police force of the Republic of Ireland.

A chassis of the Sprinter is also expected to be used for the upcoming Astrovan II which will be made by Airstream to transport Boeing commercial crew astronauts to Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41 where they would board the CST-100 Starliner on their way to the International Space Station.

Passenger minibuses
Although primarily marketed as a goods van, the Sprinter has 5 variants designed to carry passengers. These are made by removing parts of the walls and replacing them with glass window panels.

Sprinter Mobility
This is the smallest of the Sprinter minibuses. There are 4 sub-variants: the 23, 33, 35, and 45. It has 8-18 seats and is 6.9-7.4 metres long. It has 4 doors: 1 on either side of the driver and front passenger seats (which, like in a van, are segregated from the main passenger compartment), a sliding door in the middle, which goes into the rear passenger seating area, and a set of double doors at the back going into the disabled area with an elevator that can be extended out of the doors when they are open.

It is designed for paratransit.

Sprinter Transfer
This minibus is a longer variant of the Sprinter Mobility where the front passenger seat has been removed and the front passenger seat door now acts as the door for all passengers. In addition, the back wall has seats along it, but can be opened as a door and the seats removed to make modifications to the interior of the vehicle. It comes in 5 sub-variants: 23, 34, 35, 45, and 55. It has 13-22 seats and is 5.9-7.7 metres long.

It is designed for bus services to hamlets.

Sprinter Travel
This bus has a high-floor, and in addition to the driver's door, has just 1 automatic passenger door with steps. It is 7.4-7.7 metres long and has 17-19 seats.

It is marketed as a mini-coach.

Sprinter Inkanyezi
The Sprinter Inkanyezi is marketed in South Africa from 2020s onward as minibus taxi fleet in the country. The car is powered by a 2.0-litre, four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine and can carry 23 passengers.

Sprinter City

The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter City minibus variant has been in production since 1995 and is marketed through EvoBus. The Freightliner variant has been in production since 2007. There are three sizes, Sprinter City 35, 65 and 77, which seat from 10 to 16 passengers; including standing passengers, these versions can accommodate 22 to 40 passengers. The 77 variant has a low floor throughout and a third pair of wheels at the rear. The Sprinter City has two automatic doors: a set of double doors at the front, used for passengers getting on or off and having a disabled ramp; and a single door behind the rear wheel for passengers alighting, which opens off some stairs in the high-floor area. There is also a manual door on the offside into the driver's cab. The 77 variant has double rear doors.

Engines

For engine choices, the Sprinter is currently offered with inline-four and V6 diesel engines; V6 petrol/gasoline; or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines in Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America. In North America, only the six-cylinder 3.0L turbo diesel and four-cylinder 2.1L turbo diesel engines are offered. The Maxion/Rover HSD diesel engine was offered in Brazil from 1998 to 2002 with the 2.5L. The versions are 310D with 95PS (Turbo Diesel) and 312D, with 115PS (Turbo Diesel Intercooler).

An electric hybrid version has been tested, but is not currently officially part of the Sprinter range. 2,000 electric Sprinters are to be made by VDL Groep from 2016.

2006–present (2007–2010 USA)
The Sprinter is also available as the 316/416/516 NGT – Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

title: Mercedes-Benz Sprinter


text: Category:Ascension Island

title: Category:Ascension Island


text:
Virar

Virar (Pronunciation: [ʋiɾaːɾ]) is a coastal city in Palghar district, Maharashtra. The northern third of the city of Vasai-Virar, it is administered by Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation. It lies in the south part of Palghar district, and north to the city of Mumbai. It is an important part of Palghar District because Palghar is the outermost part of northern side of Mumbai Metropolitan Region and comes under Police Jurisdiction of Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.

Virar railway station is one of the prominent railway stations on the Western Line of Mumbai Suburban Railway due to being the station on the line with high frequency of local-train transit for both ends, Palghar (Dahanu) as well as Churchgate (South Mumbai).

Virar City is governed by Municipal Corporation and is situated in Maharashtra State, India. Virar is connected by roads to Mumbai- Ahmedabad Express Highway at Virar Phata(An exit node of highway towards Virar). Virar is famous for Jivdani Temple (Virar East) and Arnala Fort and Arnala Beach in the west in the northern coastal area of konkan region.

As per provisional reports if Census of India, population of Virar in 2011 is 1,222,390; of which male and female are 648,172 and 574,218 respectively.

Geography
Virar lies on the western coast of Maharashtra, to the north of Mumbai and experiences warm, humid climate throughout the year.

The average annual temperature in the city hovers around 26.5 to 27.0 °C. July is the wettest month while January is the driest.

The closest airports to Vasai-Virar are
 * Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM) 37.15 km
 * Pune Airport (PNQ) 148.81 km
 * Surat Airport (STV) 188.29 km

History and culture
The name Virar, as some believe, comes from the Hindu Goddess Ekvira, mother of the immortal sage Parshuram. Just as Tunga Parvat becomes "Tunga-ar", similarly "Vira" becomes "Vira-ar". Virar is also home to the ruins of a grand temple of Goddess jivdani Devi on the banks of Vaitarna River at the foothills Tunga Parvat which according to folklore was gradually destroyed amidst the raiding and looting by Mohamedeans and the subsequent rule by Portuguese.

Local legend describes this site as the final destination of the Shurparaka Yatra.

A massive Kund dedicated to Goddess Ekvira stands in this city even today under the banner of Ekvira Theerth or Virar Theerth, west of which stone carvings about 3 feet long and 9 inch broad in size can be found. Female figurines of Yoginis of Ekvira devi can be found in the same vicinity alongside roughly cut stone statues of cow and calf, an identifier of the Govardhan Math which symbolises Moksha and footprints of a cow carved in stone.

Historically, Virar has been home to Agri (caste) Samaj primarily involved in fishing, salt-making and rice farming. Large number of Koli people are inhabitants of the region as well.

Virar and several other nearby regions including the coveted Vasai Fort was under the direct control of the Portuguese during the 16th century before being recaptured by the Maratha Empire in a hard-fought Battle of Vasai led by Chimaji Appa against the odds in 1739.

To celebrate his victory and to fulfil a vow taken in front of Devi Vajreshwari, Chimaji Appa had a temple built for the goddess nearby. The Vajreshwari Temple still stands there as a relic of Maratha glory.

Demographics
According to the 2011 India census, Virar has a population of 1,221,233, of which 649,535 are male and 571,698 are female. Virar has an average literacy rate of 91.95%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy rate is 81%.

Over a period of time Virar has become a cosmopolitan suburb with approximately 50% population being Marathi speaking and the rest a mix of other communities, mainly the Gujaratis and the Catholics. 70% of the population is below 30 years. The slow and gradual adoption of the cosmopolitan nature of the city is the result of migration from the Mumbai mainland to this part due to ever increasing cost of the real estate property.

Among minority languages, Gujarati is spoken by 28.30% of the population and Hindi by 15.31%. The local Communities like Kupari, Vadwals, Bhandhari, Panmali, Aagri have their local dialects of Konkani which are widely spoken in these communities.

Education
The city's public school system is managed by the education ministry of the Government of Maharashtra. Hence the syllabus is under the state pattern devised by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. There are also other private schools that offer syllabi under Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) guidelines besides the state pattern. The late Shri Vishnu Waman Thakur Charitable trust (VIVA College) and the Agashi-Virar-Arnala Education Society are the two most prominent bodies which have opened many institutes offering education ranging from kindergarten to PhD degrees in Virar. One can get graduate and post graduate degrees in Arts, Commerce, Science, Management studies and Technology through these institutes.

Tourism and places of attraction
Despite being in close proximity to the ever busy lifestyle of Mumbai, Virar manages to be a well known tourist place for many reasons.

Jivdani Temple
This temple of Goddess Jivdani is located around 1375 steps above the ground level, atop a hill in the eastern part of the city. It is very crowded especially during the Navratri festival. Many people in the region especially the Dhiwar, Aagri, Mangelas, the Kolis and the Bhandaris, worship the goddess as their family deity. The Papadkhind dam situated at the foothills, was one of the major source of fresh water in the location and was managed by Dhiwar community, but it was not enough because of the growing population of Virar.

Vajreshwari temple
Vajreshwari is known for its temple and hot water springs. It is mentioned in ancient "Puran" or holy books as a place blessed by the footsteps of Lord Rama and Lord Parashuram. In medieval ages Vajreshwari was known as Vadvali. It was called Vajreshwari after reincarnation of Vajrayogini in the Vajreshwari area. There are 52 steps to climb up to the main temple. It offers a commanding view of surrounding area from the temple. There are hot water springs in the Vajreshwari area as well as in Ganeshpuri and in Akloli. The hot water springs are a must bath for Vajreshwari devi devotees. The springs have high sulphur content and is believed to cure many skin ailments.

Gaskopari village
The Gaskopari is a beautiful old village in virar east. then backside of this village has small mountain. and on the top of the mountain there is vaishanavdevi old temple. we can see the whole virar east view from top of the mountain also see the khadi, railway tracks clearly and also see the jivdani devi mountain straight. and in rainy season the mountain looks beautiful. few peoples know about this temple and mountain.

Baronda Devi Mandir
Baronda devi Temple is located near Papad Khind Dam, atop hill in Virar East.

Uttamrao Patil Udhyan is botanical garden in the papad Khind area of Virar. Spread over an area of 4 acres near the Shiv mandir of Papad Khind it is built with the help of Maharashtra Van Vibhag(Maharashtra Forest Department). It has a collection of various trees and types of flowers with information displayed on the boards. Also a nursery is set up in the udhyan for growing rare plants. Major attractions in the garden include the Panchavati baug, the Navgraha baug and the Aromatic Baug within the garden to name a few.

Holy Spirit Church Nandakhal
The Holy Spirit Church (built in circa 1573 AD) is located in Nandakhal, a village and parish in Virar west. The church is 450(as of 2023) years old and was built by the Portuguese after their arrival to the Vasai region. The church has one of the largest Samvedi Christians(Kupari) population in Vasai. It is also the Mother church of 7 other child churches separated for the convenience of parishioners (namely Umrale, Nanbhat, Bolinj, Rajodi, Vatar, Virar(W) & Virar(E) churches of North Vasai).The old structure has undergone several repairs and constructions over the years and Church also has 2 Catholic schools in its vicinity namely St. Joseph English school & Carmel Convent High School.

St. Peters Church
This church was erected in the early part of the 20th century and was one of the first under the Archdiocese of Bombay. Fr. Ismail Da Costa, built a hut chapel in 1919 near Arnala beach. Later with help from local people of all faiths he constructed the Church of St. Peter. Archbishop Joaquim Lima (Archbishop of Bombay) blessed the church on 27 Dec 1931. Other historical churches in neighbourhood are St. James Church (Agashi) and Church of Holy Spirit (Nandakhal).

St. James Church
The St. James church located at Agashi on the road connecting Virar and Arnala, was first built in 1568. Portuguese were the best known seafarers among the European clans who built homes near the sea wherever they went. 'Agasi', the then small port village was one such place. Owing to its nearness to the sea and availability of wood from the jungles, which the Portuguese needed for boat building and constructions, Agashi soon became a permanent settlement for the Portuguese. The St. James Church that came into being during this early period was built using stones and bricks hence it withheld during the Muslim attacks of 1594. But during the raids of Marathas of 1739 it was mostly destroyed. The Marathas however permitted the priests to carry on religious ceremonies in the region and the church was rebuilt by 1760. In the year 1900 the church was renovated.

Jain Temple
For Jain Community (Sthanakwasi Jain, Deravasi and Others) all around Mumbai, this Jain Temple located at Agashi, about 5 kilometres from the Virar railway station is very famous amongst Jains who visit this place Daily and specially on Saturdays, as it is one of the very old temples in Mumbai and the adjoining region. This 200-year-old temple has carvings of the Lords of Jain community like Shri Mahavir, Lord Ghantagharan bhagvan and some specially decorated carvings of old times. Agashi temple also has overnight staying options for tourists travelling from far distance, especially for commuters coming to visit from all over Mumbai. Also due to people's demand a new Jain temple at Agashi has been developed.

Beach and resorts
The Arnala beach and Rajodi beach is situated just a few km west of the railway station. some others are Navapur beach and Vatar beach, just a few minutes away from Rajodi beach. most of these beaches are secluded and serene. These are a favourite spot for the teenagers and elderly alike. There are regular State transport buses and autos that carry the tourists to the beaches from the railway station. There are many resorts such as the Visava Resort, Kshitij water park and Resort, Arnala Beach Resort, Anand Resort, Mamta Resort, Patil Resort, Yesh Resort, the Green Paradise resort, Swagat resort, etc. With resort there is also one famous cake shop in Virar which is Kekmart that have come up recently owing to the increase in a number of people coming from the main city land. The major occupation of farmers near Arnala beach is floriculture and they cultivate a wide variety of flowers. They also cultivate rice and various vegetables.

Amusement parks
Note: Yazoo Park is currently closed. Yazoo Park, developed by Rustomjee and Evershine developers, spread over 12 acres, was started in 2011. Yazoo park is the center point of attraction with so many international level rides & games. people of the Virar and nearby areas from Borivali to Dahanu visit Yazoo park with family and kids. It is located at Global City, near Narangi Phata level crossing about 10 minutes from Virar Railway Station. It boasts of entertainment such as Toy Trains, Giant Wheel, Merry-Go-Round, Free Fall, Game Zone, Bump'em Cars, Floating Restaurant, etc.

The Great Escape water park located near the Western Express Highway, off the Vajreshwari-Parol-Bhivandi road is a picnic place with water park rides, a picturesque environment, and a variety of food facilities and cuisine like Gujarati, Chinese and Continental Food.

Sports
Virar is the closest and the best place near Mumbai for paragliding training. Being a coastal area the winds at Virar are laminar, predictable and ideal for aviation sports. Early morning and evening winds are suitable for beginners and mid and early afternoon conditions are perfect for advance flyers. Black Beauty hill, Twin Rock hill, Jivdani hill, Tungareshwar, Kaner hills are a few locations for hill flying.

Vasai-Virar Kala Krida Mahotsav is an annual sports event for the sportsperson of Virar and the neighbouring localities. The event has been a great success for the last 17 years, with participation coming from regional schools, colleges and grampanchayats. Other games like Karate and Kho kho have created state level players. Every year this event is conducted at the year end precisely from 26 Dec to the new years night at the Chimajiappa Playground and the New English School, Vasai.

Heritage sites

 * Arnala Fort is located on a small island off the Arnala port. Since the fort is built on an island and surrounded on all sides by water it is also known as "Jaldurg" or "Janjire Arnala". The Portuguese called the island "Ilha das vacas" which means 'Island of the cows' in Portuguese. Before the Portuguese control of the island, the island was controlled by the Muslim rulers of Gujarat. The island is near the mouth of Vaitarna river and the Portuguese used it to observe and control shipping and navigation along the western coast. The Portuguese captain of Bassein donated the island to a Portuguese nobleman. The nobleman tore down the old fort and began construction of 700-foot by 700-foot fort. The fort was never completed by the nobleman but remained under Portuguese control.
 * Vasai fort (Bassein fort) is also located nearby. The Portuguese established a fort in Bassein, present day Vasai, on the mainland just north of the Bombay archipelago. The fort was fronted by a harbour. With this as the main base, they built other smaller forts, and strong houses in many of the islands. In the 18th century the fort was attacked by the Marathas under Baji Rao Peshwa, and fell in 1739 after a three-year-long campaign. The remains of the fort can be reached by bus or taxi from the Vasai railway station. The ramparts overlook Vasai creek and are almost complete, though overgrown. Several watch-towers still stand, with safe staircases leading up.

Bollywood connection
Govinda, a leading Bollywood superstar of current period, voted as the tenth greatest star of stage or screen of the last thousand years by BBC News Online users and also an ex Member of Parliament used to stay in Virar in his school days. He passed out from Annasaheb Vartak Smarak Vidyamandir in Virar East.

Military Tank in Virar
The military tank in Virar is placed at VIVA College. The tank is from the Kargil War. The tank was retired in October 2013. It has been in Virar since 15 August 2018.

VVMC Mayors Marathon
Every year the Vasai Virar Mayors Marathon is held which sees stars from across the country criss-crossing the entire Vasai-Virar suburb on the race day and is also a source of great attraction as well as enthusiasm for the people of Virar. The 2014 version of the marathon was held on December 21 and saw Cricket Legend Sachin Tendulkar as well as Anju Bobby George as the Chief Guest.

St. Mother Teresa Church
Virar is home to the only church dedicated to St. Mother Teresa of Calcutta in the state of Maharashtra. The church was blessed by Bishop Thomas Dabre (The first bishop of Vasai) in 2007. The church is located near the Platform No.1 of the Western Railway station of Virar. They have a vibrant Charismatic Prayer Service every Thursday evening; with special healing and deliverance prayers on the 4th Thursdays of every month.

Infrastructure
The growth of Virar is yet to be seen in full as the quadrupling of the railway line between Borivali and Virar has just taken place in 2007. The railways are still pleading the lack of sufficient number of rakes to take full advantage of the quadrupling.

The global city developed by rustomjee and evershine builders is a big township spread over an area of more than 200 acers leading to significant development and new settlements.

The city has seen a lot of development in the past 5 years. The Municipal Council was upgraded to Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation in May 2009. There are various housing and road transport development projects initiated by the corporation with the help of MMRDA, Mumbai. The skywalk in the west section of the city was one of the first amongst the many skywalks that were built near all the railway stations of Mumbai. It was the seventh skywalk in the city and it cost INR 91.5 million. Virar-West skywalk is 589 meters long with four meters wide walkway. The skywalk was found to be the busiest amongst the others built by the MMRDA by recording a footfall of 58,038 commuters during peak hours. It was followed by Santa Cruz skywalk with a figure of 37,546.

The Virar East skywalk is uniquely built as it goes right over the Totale lake, situated in the backdrop of the huge VVMC corporation building. A viewing tourist gallery is built in the middle of the 285 m long skywalk.

Virar-Alibaug Corridor Project is a project undertaken by the MMRDA. The Rs 10,000-crore project is expected to provide seamless connectivity by the metro as well as by road from Alibaug to Virar. The corridor will bypass the western and eastern suburbs and also the routes which will witness growth in the future. The proposed alignment will connect four crucial national highways, NH8 (Mumbai-Ahmedabad), NH3 (Mumbai-Agra-Delhi), NH4 (Mumbai-Chennai) and NH17 (Goa-Mangalore-Kerala). The MMRDA has claimed that the 140-km corridor will reduce the long commute to barely an hour. Phase-I of the corridor will be of 90 km from Virar to Panvel. Phase-II will be of 50 km from Panvel to Alibaug.

Governance
Virar falls under the jurisdiction of the newly created Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation (VVMC). It primarily comes in the Nalla Sopara constituency for the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections and in the Palghar constituency for the Lok Sabha elections. For all the three seats, the ruling party, Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi (BVA) has showed its dominance over the past few decades. The BVA has won 55 seats out of the 89 in the VVMC; thus Virar elected its first Mayor in the form of Shri. Rajeev Patil who was also the ex-President of the preceding Virar Municipal Council. For the Legislative Assembly seat, Kshitij Thakur, a BVA candidate and the son of ex-MLA of the region, Hitendra Thakur, won the seat in 2009, defeating Shirish Chavan of the Shiv Sena by more than 40,000 votes at just 26 years of age. Earlier in the 15th Lok Sabha elections, people voted for Baliram Sukur Jadhav, also a BVA candidate, from the Palghar constituency, who went on to become the Member of Parliament representing the region, defeating a Bharatiya Janata Party rival, advocate Chintaman Vanga, by 12,358 votes.

title: Virar


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American Nuclear Society

The American Nuclear Society (ANS) is an international, not-for-profit organization of scientists, engineers, and industry professionals that promote the field of nuclear engineering and related disciplines.

ANS is composed of three communities: professional divisions, local sections/plant branches, and student sections. Individual members consist of fellows, professional members, and student members. Various organization members are also included in the Society including corporations, governmental agencies, educational institutions, and associations.

As of spring 2024, ANS is composed of more than 10,000 members from more than 40 countries. ANS is also a member of the International Nuclear Societies Council (INSC).

Professional Divisions within the American Nuclear Society focus on specific technical domains, encompassing 18 areas and the Young Members Group. They provide members with specialized engagement opportunities in nuclear science and technology. ANS members can join any number of these divisions. Their activities are coordinated by the Professional Divisions Committee. Topics covered by the divisions range from Accelerator Applications to Fusion Energy and more.

The main objectives of ANS are to provide professional development opportunities for members, engage and inform the public and students about the benefits of nuclear technology, encourage innovation in the nuclear field, and advocate effectively for nuclear technology at both domestic and international levels.

History
The American Nuclear Society was founded in 1954 as a not-for-profit association to promote the growing nuclear field. Shortly thereafter in 1955, ANS held its first annual meeting and elected Walter Zinn as its first president. Originally headquartered in space provided by the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS), the Society's headquarters were moved to various locations over the years until 1977 in which the Society settled into its own headquarters building in La Grange Park, Illinois.

The American Nuclear Society published "Fusion technology : a journal of the American Nuclear Society and the European Nuclear Society" from 1984 to 2001.

Divisions

 * Accelerator Applications
 * Aerospace Nuclear Science & Technology
 * Decommissioning & Environmental Sciences
 * Education, Training & Workforce Development
 * Fuel Cycle & Waste Management
 * Fusion Energy
 * Human Factors, Instrumentation & Controls
 * Isotopes & Radiation
 * Materials Science & Technology
 * Mathematics & Computation
 * Nuclear Criticality Safety
 * Nuclear Installations Safety
 * Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy
 * Operations & Power
 * Radiation Protection & Shielding
 * Reactor Physics
 * Robotics & Remote Systems
 * Thermal Hydraulics
 * Young Members Group

Publications
The American Nuclear Society publishes various journals, magazines, newsletters, and books.

 * Nuclear News
 * Radwaste Solutions
 * Nuclear Science and Engineering
 * Nuclear Technology
 * Fusion Science and Technology
 * Nuclear Newswire

Student sections
The American Nuclear Society consists of student sections at colleges and universities throughout the United States and abroad. As of spring 2020, the table below lists the active student sections of ANS.

Local sections
Throughout the US and the world, numerous Local sections constitute the foundation of ANS. Members are encouraged to affiliate with a Local Section or Plant Branch to expand their professional connections and contribute to public education and outreach in the nuclear sector.

title: American Nuclear Society


text:
User:Grumpy Gus

I'm Grumpy Gus, a curmudgeonly cuss. Been floating around for a while, making changes under whatever number my Internet Provider decides he wants to give me. Decided to show my face. Will be doing what I have been doing. Swooping in on things that get my goat and fixing them.

Have a middling day.

title: User:Grumpy Gus