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The Paris Review

The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton. In its first five years, The Paris Review published works by Jack Kerouac, Philip Larkin, V. S. Naipaul, Philip Roth, Terry Southern, Adrienne Rich, Italo Calvino, Samuel Beckett, Nadine Gordimer, Jean Genet, and Robert Bly.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among many hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy called the series "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003. Brigid Hughes took over as "executive editor" (she declined to use the title "editor" out of respect for Plimpton) from 2003 to 2005. She was followed by Philip Gourevitch from 2005 to 2010, Lorin Stein from 2010 to 2017, and Emily Nemens from April 2018 until March 2021, when Emily Stokes was named editor.

History
An editorial statement, penned in the inaugural issue by William Styron, stated the magazine's aim:

"The Paris Review hopes to emphasize creative work—fiction and poetry—not to the exclusion of criticism, but with the aim in mind of merely removing criticism from the dominating place it holds in most literary magazines. […] I think The Paris Review should welcome these people into its pages: the good writers and good poets, the non-drumbeaters and non-axe-grinders. So long as they're good."

The Review's founding editors include Humes, Matthiessen, Plimpton, William Pène du Bois, Thomas Guinzburg and John P. C. Train. The first publisher was Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan. Du Bois, the magazine's first art editor, designed the iconic Paris Review eagle to include both American and French significance: an American eagle holding a pen and wearing a Phrygian cap.

The magazine's first office was located in a small room of the publishing house Éditions de la Table ronde. Other notable locations of The Paris Review include a Thames River grain carrier anchored on the Seine from 1956 to 1957. The Café de Tournon in the Rue de Tournon on the Rive Gauche was the meeting place for staffers and writers, including du Bois, Plimpton, Matthiessen, Alexander Trocchi, Christopher Logue and Eugene Walter.

The first-floor and basement rooms in Plimpton's 72nd Street apartment became the headquarters of The Paris Review when the magazine moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. The magazine's circulation was 9,700 in 1989.

Brigid Hughes took over as editor following Plimpton's death in 2003; her last issue was March 2005. She was succeeded by Philip Gourevitch in spring 2005. Under Gourevitch's leadership, the Review began incorporating more nonfiction pieces and, for the first time, began regularly publishing a photography spread. A four-volume set of Paris Review interviews was published by Picador from 2006 to 2009. Gourevitch announced his departure in the fall of 2009, citing a desire to concentrate more fully on his creative writing.

In 2007, an article published by The New York Times supported the claim that founding editor Matthiessen was in the CIA but stated that the magazine was used as a cover, rather than a collaborator, for his spying activities. In a May 27, 2008 interview with Charlie Rose, Matthiessen stated that he "invented The Paris Review as cover" for his CIA activities. Matthiessen maintained that the Review was not part of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), an organization used by the CIA to sponsor an array of literary magazines; but the record shows The Paris Review benefited financially from selling article reprints to CCF magazines.

Lorin Stein was named editor of The Paris Review in April 2010. He oversaw a redesign of the magazine's print edition and its website, both of which were met with critical acclaim. In September 2010, the Review made available online its entire archive of interviews. On December 6, 2017, Stein resigned amid an internal investigation into his sexual misconduct toward women at the workplace.

In October 2012, The Paris Review published an anthology, Object Lessons, comprising a selection of twenty short stories from The Paris Review's archive, each with an introduction by a contemporary author. Contributors include Jeffrey Eugenides (with an introduction to a story by Denis Johnson), Lydia Davis (with an introduction to a story by Jane Bowles), and Ali Smith (with an introduction to a story by Lydia Davis).

On October 8, 2012, the magazine launched its app for the iPad and iPhone. Developed by Atavist, the app includes access to new issues, back issues, and archival collections from its fiction and poetry sections—along with the complete interview series and the Paris Review Daily.

In November 2015, The Paris Review published its first anthology of new writing since 1964, The Unprofessionals: New American Writing from The Paris Review, including writing by well-established authors like Zadie Smith, Ben Lerner, and John Jeremiah Sullivan, as well as emerging writers like Emma Cline, Ottessa Moshfegh, Alexandra Kleeman, and Angela Flournoy.

In late 2021, for the first issue with Stokes as editor-in-chief and Na Kim as art director, the journal was given a redesign by Matt Willey of Pentagram that hearkened back to the look that it had in the late 1960s and early 1970s: a minimalist style, a cover with a sans serif font and a great deal of white space, a smaller trim size, and paper that was physically softer.

Emerging writers
The Review has published several emerging writers who have gone to notable careers, including Adrienne Rich, V.S. Naipaul, Philip Roth, T. Coraghessan Boyle, Mona Simpson, Edward P. Jones and Rick Moody. Selections from Samuel Beckett's novel Molloy appeared in the fifth issue. The magazine was also among the first to recognize the work of Jack Kerouac with the publication of his short story, "The Mexican Girl", in 1955. Other works which made their first appearance in The Paris Review include Italo Calvino's Last Comes the Raven, Philip Roth's Goodbye Columbus, Donald Barthelme's Alice, Jim Carroll's The Basketball Diaries, Matthiessen's Far Tortuga, Jeffrey Eugenides's The Virgin Suicides, and Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections.

Aisha Sabatini Sloan is an emerging writer with a monthly column, "Detroit Archives". The series explores her family history through iconic landmarks in Detroit.

Interviews
An interview with E. M. Forster — an acquaintance of Plimpton's from his days at King's College, Cambridge — became the first in a long series of author interviews, now known as the Writers at Work series.

Prints and posters
In 1964, The Paris Review initiated a series of prints and posters by contemporary artists with the goal of establishing an ongoing relationship between the worlds of writing and art —Drue Heinz, then publisher of The Paris Review, shared credit with Jane Wilson for initiating the series. In the half century since its inception, the series has featured notable New York artists of the postwar decades, including Louise Bourgeois, Willem de Kooning, David Hockney, Helen Frankenthaler, Keith Haring, Robert Indiana, Jimmy Ernst, Alex Katz, Ellsworth Kelly, Sol LeWitt, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Motherwell, Louise Nevelson, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg, Larry Rivers, James Rosenquist, Ed Ruscha and Andy Warhol.

The series, suspended after George Plimpton's death in 2003, was relaunched in 2012 with a print by Donald Baechler.

Prizes
Three prizes are awarded annually by the editors of The Paris Review: the Paris Review Hadada, the Plimpton Prize, and the Terry Southern Prize for Humor. Winning selections are celebrated at the annual Spring Revel. No application form is required. Instead, winners are selected from the stories and poems published the previous year in The Paris Review.

 * The Paris Review Hadada: a bronze statuette to be "awarded annually to a distinguished member of the literary community who has demonstrated a strong and unique commitment to literature". The award may go to a writer, reader, editor, publisher, publication, or organization. Past winners include Jamaica Kincaid, John Ashbery, Joan Didion, Norman Mailer, Peter Matthiessen, George Plimpton, Barney Rosset, William Styron, Philip Roth, James Salter, Paula Fox, Frederick Seidel, Norman Rush, Errol Morris, Edward Hirsch, Joy Williams, and Fran Lebowitz.
 * The Plimpton Prize: $10,000 (and an engraved ostrich egg) awarded for the best work of fiction or poetry by an emerging or previously unpublished writer. Recent winners include Caitlin Horrocks, Wells Tower, Alistair Morgan, Jesse Ball, Emma Cline, and Benjamin Percy.
 * The Terry Southern Prize for Humor: a $5,000 award honoring work from either The Paris Review or The Paris Review Daily that embodies the qualities of humor, wit, and sprezzatura. The prize is given in memory of longtime contributor Terry Southern.

Spring Revel
The Paris Review Spring Revel is an annual gala held in celebration of American writers and writing. The Revel "brings together leading figures and patrons of American arts and letters from throughout New York to pay tribute to distinguished writers at different stages of their careers". Proceeds from the Spring Revel go directly toward The Paris Review Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization established by the co-founders in 2000 to ensure the future of The Paris Review.

The 2010 Spring Revel took place on April 13, 2010 and presented Philip Roth with the Hadada.

The 2011 Spring Revel took place on April 12, 2011, chaired by Yves-André Istel and Kathleen Begala. Robert Redford presented the Hadada to James Salter. The 2011 Revel also featured Ann Beattie presenting the Plimpton Prize for Fiction and Fran Lebowitz presenting the inaugural Terry Southern Prize for Humor. In 2012, Robert Silvers received the Hadada. In 2013, it was Paula Fox. In 2014, Frederick Seidel received the prize. In 2015, it was Norman Rush. In 2016, Errol Morris presented Lydia Davis with the Hadada and 2017 Edward Hirsch presented Richard Howard with the Hadada. In 2018, Joy Williams received the prize from John Waters. Fran Lebowitz presented Deborah Eisenberg with the Hadada in 2019.

title: The Paris Review


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Burnett River

The Burnett River is a river in the Wide Bay–Burnett and Central Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia.

Course and features
The Burnett River rises in the Burnett Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, close to Mount Gaeta and east of Monto. It drains a basin covering 33,210 km² which is 1.9% of the total area of Queensland.

The river flows generally south past Eidsvold and Mundubbera before heading east, adjacent to the townships of Gayndah and Wallaville before entering the city of Bundaberg. The river flows into the Coral Sea at Burnett Heads, roughly 20 km from Bundaberg. The river descends 485 m over its 435 km course.

The Burnett River region is largely given over to growing sugar cane and small crops. The river is part of the Brigalow Belt and South East Queensland bioregions.

Three Moon Creek
Three Moon Creek rises near Kroombit Tops National Park north of Monto and flows south through Monto and Mulgildie, it is dammed near Cania Gorge to form Lake Cania, before emptying into the Burnett River south-east of Abercorn.

Nogo River
The Nogo River rises in the hills north-west of Monto, is dammed west of Abercorn to form Wuruma Lake, and flows south-east to join the Burnett near Ceratodus.

Auburn River
The Auburn River rises in the hills about 20 km west of Cracow, flows south before swinging to the north-east at its confluence with Johnson Creek, passing through the Auburn River National Park, a little-known and untouched piece of pristine bush including Auburn Waterfall, and flows into the Burnett River west of Mundubbera.

Boyne River
The Boyne River rises in the Bunya Mountains National Park south-west of Kingaroy and flows in a general northerly direction, it is dammed near Proston to form Lake Boondooma, emptying into the Burnett River near Mundubbera, only 5 km from the Burnett River-Auburn River confluence.

Barambah Creek
Barambah Creek rises in the hills between Kingaroy and the Sunshine Coast, north of Jimna and flows in a generally northerly direction, it flows just below the dam wall of Lake Barambah, also known as Bjelke-Petersen Dam, before meeting the Burnett River north-east of Gayndah near Ban Ban Springs.

Prehistory
The Burnett River area was historically inhabited by the Taribelang Aboriginal tribe.

European exploration
The river is named after James Charles Burnett, the first European explorer to visit the river in 1847.

Dam construction
Construction of the Paradise Dam on the Burnett River, 80 km upstream from Bundaberg, was completed in November 2005. The dam reservoir has a capacity of 300000 ML. Named after the old gold mining township of Paradise, which is now submerged under the waters of the reservoir, all of the structures and artefacts found at the site were transferred to the nearby town of Biggenden. The design of the dam complies with environmental guidelines and includes a fish ladder that allows fish such as the Queensland lungfish to travel upstream as well as downstream from the dam wall.

Paradise Dam was damaged in 2013 floods, and currently operates at reduced capacity. In early 2024, the Qld government announced it would be replaced by a new Paradise Dam rather than attempting further repairs.

Fish
The Burnett River, together with the nearby Mary River, is home to the Queensland lungfish, one of the most ancient of the extant vertebrate species. The longest-lived known individual known for the Queensland lungfish, a male nicknamed "Granddad", was born and captured in the Burnett River before being transported to the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in 1933, where he lived to the estimated age of 109 years old before he died of natural causes in 2017.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Burnett River


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Diospyros virginiana

Diospyros virginiana is a persimmon species commonly called the American persimmon, common persimmon, eastern persimmon, simmon, possumwood, possum apples, or sugar plum. It ranges from southern Connecticut to Florida, and west to Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Iowa. The tree grows wild but has been cultivated for its fruit and wood since prehistoric times by Native Americans.

Diospyros virginiana grows to 20 m, in well-drained soil. The tree is typically dioecious, so one must have both male and female plants to obtain fruit. Most cultivars are parthenocarpic (setting seedless fruit without pollination). The fragrant flowers are pollinated by insects and wind. Fruiting typically begins when the tree is about 6 years old.

The fruit is round or oval and usually orange-yellow, sometimes bluish, and from 2 to 6 cm in diameter. Both the tree and the fruit are referred to as persimmons, with the latter appearing in desserts and cuisine in the U.S. South and Midwest.

Commercial varieties include the very productive Early Golden, the productive John Rick, Miller, Woolbright and the Ennis, a seedless variety. Another nickname of the American persimmon, 'date-plum' also refers to a persimmon species found in South Asia and South Europe, Diospyros lotus. Today, persimmons are also grown on small farms as a heritage crop.

Description

The common persimmon is a generally small to medium sized tree, usually 30 to 80 feet in height, but reaching 115 feet west of the southern Mississippi. It has a short, slender trunk and spreading, often pendulous branches, which form a broad or narrow, round-topped canopy. The roots are thick, fleshy and stoloniferous. The species has a shrubby growth form. The plant has oval entire leaves, and unisexual flowers on short stalks. In the male flowers, which are numerous, the stamens are sixteen in number and arranged in pairs; the female flowers are solitary, with traces of stamens, and a smooth ovary with one ovule in each of the eight cells—the ovary is surmounted by four styles, which are hairy at the base. The fruit-stalk is very short, bearing a subglobose fruit an inch in diameter or a bit larger, of an orange-yellow color, ranging to bluish, and with a sweetish astringent pulp. It is surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-lobes, which increase in size as the fruit ripens. The astringency renders the fruit somewhat unpalatable, but after it has been subjected to the action of frost, or has become partially rotted or "bletted" like a medlar, its flavor is improved.
 * Bark: Dark brown or dark gray, deeply divided into plates whose surface is scaly. Branchlets slender, zigzag, with thick pith or large pith cavity; at first light reddish brown and pubescent.  They vary in color from light brown to ashy gray and finally become reddish brown, the bark somewhat broken by longitudinal fissures.  Astringent and bitter.
 * Wood: Very dark; sapwood yellowish white; heavy, hard, strong and very close grained. Specific gravity, 0.7908; weight of cubic foot, 49.28 lb.  The heartwood is a true ebony.  Forestry texts indicate that about a century of growth is required before a tree will produce a commercially viable yield of ebony wood. The termite resistance of the wood is attributed to the component 7-methlyjuglone.
 * Winter buds: Ovate, acute, one-eighth of an inch long, covered with thick reddish or purple scales. These scales are sometimes persistent at the base of the branchlets.
 * Leaves: Alternate, simple, four to six inches (152 mm) long, oval, narrowed or rounded or cordate at base, entire, acute or acuminate.  They come out of the bud revolute, thin, pale, reddish green, downy with ciliate margins, when full grown are thick, dark green, shining above, pale and often pubescent beneath.  In autumn they sometimes turn orange or scarlet, sometimes fall without change of color.  Midrib broad and flat, primary veins opposite and conspicuous.  Petioles stout, pubescent, one-half to an inch in length.
 * Flowers: May, June, when leaves are half-grown; dioecious or rarely polygamous. Staminate flowers borne in two to three-flowered cymes; the pedicels downy and bearing two minute bracts.  Pistillate flowers solitary, usually on separate trees, their pedicels short, recurved, and bearing two bractlets.
 * Calyx: Usually four-lobed, accrescent under the fruit.
 * Corolla: Greenish yellow or creamy white, tubular, four-lobed; lobes imbricate in bud.
 * Stamens: Sixteen, inserted on the corolla, in staminate flowers in two rows. Filaments short, slender, slightly hairy; anthers oblong, introrse, two-celled, cells opening longitudinally.  In pistillate flowers the stamens are eight with aborted anthers, rarely these stamens are perfect.
 * Pistil: Ovary superior, conical, ultimately eight-celled; styles four, slender, spreading; stigma two-lobed.
 * Fruit: A juicy berry containing one to eight seeds, crowned with the remnants of the style and seated in the enlarged calyx; depressed-globular, pale orange color, often red-cheeked; with slight bloom, turning yellowish brown after freezing. Flesh astringent while green, sweet and luscious when ripe.

Distribution
The tree is very common in the South Atlantic and Gulf states, and attains its largest size in the basin of the Mississippi River. Its habitat is southern, at the turn of the 20th century it appeared along the coast from Connecticut to Florida; west of the Alleghenies it is found in southern Ohio and along through southeastern Iowa and southern Missouri; and in Louisiana, eastern Kansas and Oklahoma, where it grew tallest.

Its fossil remains have been found in Miocene rocks of Greenland and Alaska and in Cretaceous formations in Nebraska.

Diospyros virginiana is considered to be an evolutionary anachronism that was consumed by one or more of the Pleistocene megafauna that roamed the North American continent until 10,000 years ago. A 2015 study found that passage of persimmon seeds through the gut of modern elephants increased the rate of seed germination and decreased time to sprouting, which supports the idea that Pleistocene members of the elephant family were the ghost partner who accomplished seed dispersal prior to extinction of the North American members of the elephant family.

Ploidy
There are two races of American persimmon: the tetraploid (60-chromosome) race is centered in the southern Appalachian region, while the hexaploid (90-chromosome) race generally occupies a range north and west of the tetraploid range. The boundary between these races has not been well defined except in Kentucky, where hexaploid persimmons were in the majority in Bullitt County but were not present in Barren County to its south nor Franklin County to its east.

It has been observed that the tetraploid trees tend to grow much taller than the hexaploid trees and have smaller fruit, but no formal research has been done into these differences of traits.

The vast majority of named American Persimmon cultivars are hexaploid, with the only known tetraploid cultivars being Ennis Seedless, Weeping, Sugar Bear, and SFES.

Use
The fruit is high in vitamin C, and extremely astringent when unripe. It is eaten by birds, raccoons, skunks, white-tailed deer, semi-wild hogs, flying squirrels, and opossums.

The ripe fruit may be eaten raw by humans, typically once bletted, or it can be cooked or dried. The fruit pulp can be made into pie, pudding, jam, molasses, and candy. An herbal tea that can be made from the leaves and the roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute.

The fruit is also fermented with hops, cornmeal or wheat bran into a sort of beer or made into brandy.

The wood is heavy, strong and very close-grained and used in woodturning. Its heartwood, which may take a century before being produced, is a true ebony, extremely close-grained and almost black; it is not harvested commercially.

The seeds were used as buttons during the privation of the American Civil War in the South.

Cultivation
The American persimmon mostly grows wild. Experimental research stations in the 1890s tested native varieties of persimmon, but interest in cultivation of the native persimmon has been limited. Newly planted persimmon trees take a relatively long time to bear fruit. There are many sorts of fruit trees that are easier to grow for commercial purposes. Wild varieties contain a lot of seeds, making the processing of fruit pulp used in food and beverage manufacture more difficult. Cultivation has reduced the number of seeds, and some varieties have developed a very sweet flavor profile without the dreaded astringency of wild persimmon. Harvested fruits are shelf durable.

The tree prefers light, sandy, well-drained soil, but will grow in rich southern bottom lands.

The tree is greatly inclined to vary in the character and quality of its fruit, which varies in size from that of a large cherry to a small apple. Some trees in the south produce fruit that is delicious without the action of the frost, while adjoining trees produce fruit that never becomes edible.

It was brought to England before 1629 and is cultivated, but rarely if ever ripens its fruit. It is easily raised from seed and can also be propagated from stolons, which are often produced in great quantity. The tree is hardy in the south of England and in the Channel Islands.

The persimmon rarely develops any heartwood until it is nearly one hundred years old.

Varieties

 * Prok
 * Killen
 * Claypool
 * I-115
 * Dollywood
 * 100-42
 * 100-43
 * 100-45
 * Early Golden
 * John Rick
 * C-100

title: Diospyros virginiana


text:
Talk:DDR RAM

This article should be merged to DDR SDRAM. 203.52.130.138 04:42, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Merge
It has now been merged with DDR SDRAM, redirect placed.

title: Talk:DDR RAM


text:
Satomi Kobayashi

Satomi Kobayashi (小林 聡美) is a Japanese actress from Tokyo. She won the award for best newcomer at the 4th Yokohama Film Festival for Exchange Students. She was previously married to screenwriter Kōki Mitani. she is known for playing Kimie Onda in Yappari Neko ga Suki series. She also starred in Kamome Shokudo, also known as Ruokala Lokki in Finnish.

Film

 * I Are You, You Am Me (転校生; 1982)
 * The Deserted City (廃市; 1983)
 * Lonely Heart (さびしんぼう; 1985)
 * Young Girls in Love (恋する女たち; 1986)
 * Eien no 1/2 (1987)
 * グリーン・レクイエム (Gurīn rekuiemu; 1988)
 * Beijing Watermelon (北京的西瓜; 1989)
 * やっぱり猫が好き　恩田三姉妹の京都大騒動編 (Video) (1990)
 * Godzilla vs. Mothra (ゴジラＶＳモスラ; 1992)
 * てなもんや商社　萬福貿易商社 (1998)
 * やっぱり猫が好き　新作’98 (Video; 1998)
 * キリコの風景 (1998)
 * Sweet Sweet Ghost (スイート・スイート・ゴースト; 2000)
 * やっぱり猫が好き　新作’2001 (Video; 2001)
 * Ryoma's Wife, Her Husband and Her Lover (竜馬の妻とその夫と愛人; 2002)
 * Kamome Shokudo (かもめ食堂; 2006) aka Ruokala lokki
 * Megane (めがね; 2007)
 * Tokyo Oasis (2011)
 * Pale Moon (2014)
 * Sing My Life (2016)
 * After the Storm (2016)
 * Family of Strangers (2019)
 * Kiba: The Fangs of Fiction (2021)
 * Tsuyukusa (2022)
 * The Crescent Moon with Cats (2024)
 * Maru (2024), Wakakusa

Television

 * Kinpachi-sensei (1979-80)
 * Yappari Neko ga Suki (やっぱり猫が好き; 1988-1990)
 * Gift (1997)
 * Twinkle (きらきらひかる; 1998)
 * Ren'ai kekkon no housoku (1999)
 * Chūshingura 1/47 (2001)
 * Suika (2003)
 * Kuruneko (くるねこ; 2009)
 * Anone (2018)

Dubbing

 * Last Night in Soho, Ms. Tobin (Elizabeth Berrington)
 * Quiz, Claudia Rosencrantz (Aisling Bea)
 * Yellowstone, Tate Dutton (Brecken Merrill)

title: Satomi Kobayashi


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Steven Appleby

Steven Appleby (born 27 January 1956) is an absurdist cartoonist, illustrator and artist living in Britain. She is a dual citizen of the UK and Canada. Her publisher describes her humour as "observational or absurd, with a keen sense of the turmoil of fear and obsession that teems beneath the respectable exterior of most of us."

Her work first appeared in the New Musical Express in 1984 with the Rockets Passing Overhead comic strip about the character Captain Star, which also appeared in The Observer, Zeit Magazin (Germany), as well as other newspapers and comics in the UK, Europe and America. Other comic strips followed in many publications including The Times, the Sunday Telegraph and The Guardian. Appleby’s work has also appeared on album covers, most notably Trompe le Monde by the Pixies.

Her comic strip Steven Appleby's Normal Life was translated into German and published in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and also made into a radio series for BBC Radio 4. An earlier comic strip, Small Birds Singing, ran for eight years in The Times.

Appleby has also had numerous exhibitions of drawings & paintings, written and drawn many books, and collaborated on a musical play, Crocs In Frocks.

Early life
The oldest of four children, Steven Appleby was born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1956 and grew up in Wooler, near the Scottish border.

Appleby recalls a childhood spent making camps, climbing trees, and hoisting flags outdoors, and reading books such as Arthur Ransome’s Swallows and Amazons. The worlds of cartoonists such as Ronald Searle (St Trinian’s) and Charles Addams (The Addams Family), found on her parents’ bookshelves, also made an impression on her as a child.

In an interview with The Guardian, Appleby describes her mother, Ibbie, as coming ‘... from Canada, a distant land of snow and french toast, far away across the sea, where she skated and skied in the day and danced to big bands by night.’ Towards the end of the Second World War, having fallen in love with Steven’s father, Walter, she came to Britain on a convoy. ‘She travelled alone to live with my father’s family in a tiny village on the coast of north Northumberland while he was still away flying planes in Burma. Together, after the war, they bred boxer dogs, performed with the village amateur dramatic society and laughed at The Goon Show on the wireless.’

Appleby attended Wooler Church of England Primary School, where she won prizes for Plasticine modelling until, aged eleven, she was sent to Bootham School, York, as a boarder, where she pursued her interests in music and art. She played keyboards in school bands and, inspired by Jesus Christ Superstar, wrote and performed (with Nick Battey) Inwards & Outwards, a rock cantata.

After school, in 1974, she took a foundation course in art & design at Manchester Polytechnic, followed by one term on the BA graphic design course (with Malcolm Garrett and Peter Saville) after which she dropped out to play with school friends in a band called Ploog, which was influenced by prog rock and complicated pop that she has described as ‘far beyond their playing capabilities.’ In 1977 Appleby returned to art education. She studied graphic design at Newcastle Polytechnic (1978–1981), then illustration at the Royal College of Art (1981–1984), where her tutor was Quentin Blake. She has lived in London since 1981.

Career
While at the RCA, Appleby met writer George Mole. The two collaborated on a number of projects, including their first book, No, Honestly, I Couldn’t Eat Another Mouthful (1984), various cartoon spreads for Punch (Daily Life On Other Planets, Lost Cars), The Observer (Home Economics in the Nineties), The Oldie, and a further three books.

Beginning while she was at the RCA, Appleby worked for her friend and fellow Manchester art school alumnus Malcolm Garrett, who had been commissioned by editor Kasper de Graaf to design a monthly music, art and fashion magazine (New Sounds New Styles). After graduation, Appleby continued to assist Garrett at his company Assorted Images; she worked on book design (When Cameras Go Crazy, More Dark Than Shark), and record sleeves, particularly for Duran Duran. His work on designs for Duran Duran merchandising gave Appleby ideas which would eventually feed into the world of Captain Star, when she was invited by the New Musical Express to submit an idea for a cartoon strip.

Appleby gave up commercial design to concentrate on her own art and creative work in late 1986. Garrett and de Graaf, business partners in Assorted Images, continued to employ her, providing her with a studio and use of the Assorted Images facilities while she developed her own work. A three-year period of patronage followed, allowing Appleby the freedom to make drawings and paintings for various exhibitions. During this time, she developed Rockets Passing Overhead – the Annals of Captain Star for New Musical Express, as well as creating drawings for Punch and many other magazines. She was also able to create Small Birds Singing for The Times and to write, design and draw the comic book Rockets – A Way of Life by Captain J. Star, which was published by Assorted Images in 1988.

In 1987, animator and commercials director Pete Bishop approached Appleby, suggesting they work together. Their meeting led to various Captain Star short animations, a series of TV commercials and the development of the Captain Star TV series (with Frank Cottrell-Boyce). The pilot, written by Cottrell-Boyce, was made in the Assorted Images building. Captain Star (featuring the voices of Adrian Edmondson, Richard E. Grant, Denica Fairman, Gary Martin and Kerry Shale) aired on CITV in the UK in 1997 and was seen on various networks throughout the world, including Teletoon (Canada), YLE (Finland), Canal+ (France), ZDF (Germany) and Nickelodeon. One series of 13 episodes was made.

In 1989, Appleby left her employment at Assorted Images to establish her own studio. Kasper de Graaf continued acting as her agent until 2005.

Appleby has created cartoon strips for publications including The Guardian, The Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Die Zeit, The Sunday Telegraph, The New Musical Express, The Daily Express and The Observer. She has also written and drawn over 24 books, including Men – The Truth, Jim – the Nine Lives Of A Dysfunctional Cat and Steven Appleby’s Guide To Life – the Complete Guardian Loomus Cartoons, and The Captain Star Omnibus. In 1994 her book of cartoon strips from Die Zeit, Die Memoiren von Captain J. Star, won the Max & Moritz Prize in Germany.

Her other works include the musical play Crocs In Frocks (with Teresa Early & Roger Gosling), performed by theatre company New Peckham Varieties at The Magic Eye Theatre, Peckham and at the ICA, London (2006); and the radio series, Steven Appleby’s Normal Life, which ran for two series and a Christmas special on BBC Radio 4 from 2001 to 2004.

Since 2007 Appleby has collaborated with Linda McCarthy (of Tiny Elephants Ltd) on a series of stop motion animated films based on her eccentric country house cartoon strip Small Birds Singing. A new Small Birds Singing short film, Bob Bobbin and the Christmas Stocking, is currently in production. They also collaborated, in 2011, on a looped gallery piece entitled A Small Repetition of Myself in which a puppet Steven Appleby thinks, draws, discards, then starts over – forever.

Appleby has had numerous solo exhibitions of paintings, prints and ceramics, including Islands (2011) at The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh and Tell Me All Your Secrets And I Will Put Them In My Drawings (2005), Icebergs (2008) and REAL | UNREAL (2016) at ArteArtesania, Soller, Mallorca.

Appleby spent 2013 as the artist appointed to create all the art for the Royal Brompton Hospital’s new Centre for Sleep As part of this project she made approximately seventy drawings and paintings, including a large glass screen, ‘sleep maps’ painted directly onto the walls, and a book, Into Sleep, to celebrate the completion of the work. She is currently working on a new sleep commission for the hospital.

Her images of rockets feature on the Pixies album sleeve, Trompe Le Monde, and in 2014 she produced over 100 drawings for The Good Inn, a novel by Pixies frontman Black Francis & writer Josh Frank, which was launched with events in New York and at The British Library, London.

In March 2016 Appleby was one of five artists invited to take part in a residency at The Carlton Arms Hotel, New York, where she spent a month painting a mural on the walls and in the bathroom of room 9a. Regarding the experience, she stated, "I’ve never stayed anywhere as wonderful and amazing as the Carlton Arms. Every inch of every wall is a work of art.  And now I can die happy because they asked me to paint a room."

Personal life
Appleby lives in Camberwell, south London with her wife, her partner, her two sons and three stepsons. She writes, paints and draws in The Shop, a studio she shares with animation director Pete Bishop.

In the mid-1990s, Appleby came out as a cross-dresser. In 2008, she came out as a transgender person.

In 2013, for the 60th anniversary of the European Convention on Human Rights, Appleby illustrated a bride marrying a hatstand. She stated to The Guardian:"I am a transgender person and the right to be myself is fundamental to my existence. I also totally support the right of anyone to marry whoever they like, regardless of gender, colour, race or religion. I am very fond of hatstands but do not personally want to marry one, despite finding them attractive. In this day and age, when few people wear hats, perhaps a toaster would be a more useful companion. Or a bungalow."August Crimp, the central character in Appleby's 2020 graphic novel Dragman, has stated, "I dress as a woman, but I’m not doing drag. If anything, I’m trans…I think. I’m really just trying to be myself", and a reviewer has speculated that the plot and themes of Dragman mirror the struggles of Appleby himself."

In 2021, Appleby stated that she is "relaxed about pronouns," going by both "Steven" & "he" and "Nancy" & "she."

Selected bibliography

 * Normal Sex, 1994, ISBN 0-7475-1898-X
 * Men: The Truth, 1995, ISBN 0-7475-2251-0
 * Happy Families, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-2604-4
 * The Secret Thoughts of Babies, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-5855-8
 * The Secret Thoughts of Cats, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-5850-7
 * The Secret Thoughts of Dogs, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-5870-1
 * The Secret Thoughts of Men, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-2969-8
 * The Secret Thoughts of Women, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-2968-X
 * Antmen Carry Away My Thoughts as Soon as I Think Them, 1996, ISBN 0-7475-3740-2
 * The Secret Thoughts, 1997, ISBN 0-7475-3491-8
 * Alien Invasion:Steven Appleby's Guide to Having Children, 1999, ISBN 0-7475-4455-7
 * Encyclopedia of Personal Problems, 2000, ISBN 0-7475-5067-0
 * The Truth About Love, 2000, ISBN 0-7475-4833-1
 * Steven Appleby's Normal Life, 2001 ISBN, 0-7475-5614-8
 * Mr Concerned's Book of Home Therapy, 2002, ISBN 0-7475-6073-0
 * A Book of Machinese Whispers, 2006, ISBN 1-905847-01-7
 * The Nine Lives of a Dysfunctional Cat, 2003, ISBN 0-7475-6935-5
 * ABC of Childhood, 2005, ISBN, 0-7475-7604-1
 * The Little Book of Farts, 2006, ISBN 0-7475-8245-9
 * The Captain Star Omnibus, 2008, ISBN 978-0-9739505-6-4
 * The Coffee Table Book Of Doom, 2011, ISBN 978-0-224-08695-0
 * Guide to Life, 2013, ISBN 978-0852-653777
 * Dragman, 2020, ISBN 9781787330177

title: Steven Appleby


text: User talk:67.10.183.169

title: User talk:67.10.183.169


text:
Steve Chadwick

Stephanie Anne "Steve" Chadwick (née Frizzell, born 15 December 1948) is a New Zealand politician. She served as mayor of Rotorua from 2013 to 2022. She previously held the positions of Minister of Conservation, Women's Affairs, and Associate Health in the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand.

Early life
Born Stephanie Frizzell in Hastings, New Zealand, Chadwick is the sister of painter Dick Frizzell. She attended Karamu High School, then did nursing training in Wellington. She married lawyer John Te Manihera Chadwick in 1968, and the couple went on to have three children. After holding many roles in the health sector, including a term from 1976 to 1986 as union representative for the New Zealand Nurses Association, Steve Chadwick was elected to the Rotorua District Council in 1996.

Member of Parliament
In the 1999 election, Chadwick stood as the Labour Party candidate for the Rotorua seat, and defeated incumbent National Party MP Max Bradford. At the 2005 election she was narrowly returned to Parliament by 662 or 2.2% more votes than her opponent.

In 2006, Chadwick's Shop Trading Hours Act Repeal (Easter Trading) Amendment Bill was drawn from the member's ballot. The bill passed its first reading and was sent to select committee, but was narrowly defeated at the second reading, 64 to 57.

In 2007, she was appointed to Cabinet as Minister of Conservation and Women's Affairs, as well as becoming an Associate Minister of Health.

In the 2008 general election, Chadwick lost her seat to National's Todd McClay, whose margin was over 5000. Chadwick's loss was predicted by some commentators due to boundary changes which incorporated more rural areas into the electorate. However, due to Chadwick's list place of 30 she was able to return to parliament.

In 2010, Chadwick attempted to introduce a bill to Parliament to partially liberalise abortion law. This bill was defeated at the caucus stage and was not brought before Parliament.

Chadwick failed to regain her seat in the 2011 election, losing to Todd McClay by a margin of more than 7,000 votes. On 27 November 2011 she announced that she would be retiring from politics.

As a cabinet minister, Chadwick was entitled to the title of The Honourable and became The Hon. Mrs Stephanie (Steve) Chadwick which is a title she was granted for the rest of her life after leaving parliament.

Mayor of Rotorua
Chadwick contested the Rotorua mayoralty in the local elections of that year, challenging sitting mayor Kevin Winters. Chadwick defeated Winters and three other candidates, receiving more than 11,000 votes from a total 19,596 votes cast.

At the 2016 local-body elections, Chadwick again ran for mayor, defeating six other candidates, receiving 8,990 of a total 21,408 votes cast

Chadwick's husband, John Chadwick, died in Rotorua on 26 May 2017.

In 2020, Chadwick announced a zero percent rates increase in the Rotorua Lakes Council's 2020/2021 annual plan to cushion the financial blow of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had severely impacted the district's tourism industry.

Chadwick did not stand for re-election as mayor in the 2022 elections.

In the 2022 New Year Honours, Chadwick was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order, for services to local government and as a Member of Parliament.

title: Steve Chadwick


text:
Category:Behaviorism

Behaviorism is also called learning theory.

title: Category:Behaviorism


text:
The Old Maid and the Thief

The Old Maid and the Thief is a radio opera in one act by Italian-American composer Gian Carlo Menotti. The work uses an English language libretto by the composer which tells a twisted tale of morals and evil womanly power. Menotti writes in the libretto "The devil couldn't do what a woman can – Make a thief out of an honest man."

Commissioned by NBC, The Old Maid and the Thief was one of the earliest operas composed specifically for performance on the radio. Menotti wrote the libretto to The Old Maid and the Thief himself; initially in Italian but with the intention of having the work translated into English for its premiere. It was the first of several operas in the English language by the young composer who was just 28 years old at the time. He was inspired to write the story of the opera after visiting the family of his partner Samuel Barber. He found that what seemed to be a quaint, cute town actually covered up a plethora of secrets about people and places.

Upon the opera's premiere in 1939, the work was received with wide enthusiasm by American music critics. The success of the opera helped further establish Menotti's career in the United States.

Menotti later adapted the opera slightly so it could be performed on the stage; with the first theatrical production given in Philadelphia in 1941. The staged version of the work proved to be successful as well, and the opera is still occasionally mounted by professional companies. It is also a popular repertoire choice by university opera programs in the United States.

Composition
Rather than using the more contemporary through-composed style, Menotti chose to return to the 18th century opera buffa method of composing set numbers, a format which worked well on the radio. There are 14 short scenes, each preceded by a narrated "announcement", in keeping with the medium of radio (to be excluded if fully staged). The harmonic language is tonal and conservative. The radio announcements are included in the score, but it is also marked for stage direction.

The opera is most known for two arias. First, "What curse for a woman, is a timid man (Steal me, sweet thief)", is a full scene, where Laetitia sings of her affection for Bob, the bum. The other popular aria is "When the Air Sings of Summer", where Bob contemplates hitting the road. The arias are excerpted and available in the soprano and baritone volumes of G. Schirmer's American Arias.

Performance history
The Old Maid and the Thief was premiered on NBC Radio on April 22, 1939 with Alberto Erede conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra for the closing of the orchestra's 1938/1939 season. The opera was first staged in a slightly revised version by the Philadelphia Opera Company at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia on February 11, 1941, in a double bill with the United States premiere of Emil von Reznicek's Spiel oder Ernst?. The New York Philharmonic chose to program portions of the opera in 1942 with conductor Fritz Busch leading the ensemble. The first staged production in New York was presented by the New York City Opera in April 1948 in a double bill with Amelia Goes to the Ball, both operas directed by the composer, with Marie Powers as Miss Todd, Virginia MacWatters as Laetitia, Ellen Faull as Miss Pinkerton, and Norman Young as Bob. Other early stagings of the opera were given by the New England Opera Theater in Boston (1947), the Fort Worth Opera (1947), and the Chautauqua Opera (1951).

The opera was first staged in Europe at the National Theatre Mannheim in February 1947 using a German language translation by Maria Pinazzi. It was subsequently mounted by the Staatstheater Darmstadt (1951) and the Teatro Regio di Parma (1966) among other opera companies. More recently the opera was performed at London's Arcola Theatre as part of the 2008 Grimeborn Festival.

This opera is popular in the United States for colleges and workshop productions due to its English libretto, untaxing roles (since it is only in one act), and high musical value. The story and humor appeal to the modern American audience.

Synopsis
This one-act opera, divided into 14 scenes, is about an old maid, Miss Todd, who is a busybody in her small town. Though she is of high standing in her community, her love life has been bare for over forty years. Her housemaid Laetitia is a young, catty eavesdropper who is wary of becoming an Old Maid like her employer. Bob, a wanderer, comes to Miss Todd's door one afternoon while the town gossip, Miss Pinkerton is visiting. Enamored of his beauty, Laetitia easily convinces Miss Todd to let him stay. Laetitia then convinces Bob to stay by promising him more food and accommodations without any cost, and Bob remains in their house, as Miss Todd's "cousin Steve" to anyone who asks.

The next day, Miss Todd meets Miss Pinkerton in the street, and the latter tells her of an escaped convict who is reportedly in the area. The convict matches Bob's description, and Miss Todd runs home to warn Laetitia that they are harboring a thief and must get rid of him. Once again, Laetitia, insinuating that Bob is in love with her, convinces Miss Todd to let him stay. To keep him from running away and revealing them as accomplices, Miss Todd leaves money out for Bob to "steal". However, before long she needs more money, and resorts to stealing from her neighbors. Meanwhile, Laetitia is falling in love with the wanderer and sings "Steal Me Sweet Thief," an aria of her love for him, asking him to steal her away before time ravages and withers her looks. Miss Pinkerton soon encounters Miss Todd again and warns her to "Keep all the doors locked, keep all the windows closed," because the thief (in actuality, Miss Todd) is in town and has stolen from the neighbors. Miss Todd plays along, agreeing that the mysterious crimes point to the indubitable presence of a thief. At home, Bob is sick of confinement and plans to leave the next day. He sings "When the Air Sings of Summer" (Bob's Bedroom Aria) as he packs his bag. Laetitia stumbles upon him as he packs and, desperate, asks him what it will take to keep him there. Bob replies he would like to "have something to drink". Miss Todd, who, being a good prohibitionist, doesn't have any alcohol in the house, insists there would be a scandal if she were to be seen buying liquor. Laetitia cleverly convinces her that, since stealing and drinking are both sinful, breaking into a liquor store ("sinning against a sin") wouldn't be problematic, and they plan to rob the store that night.

The next day, Miss Pinkerton visits Miss Todd at home and informs her that the liquor store has been violated and the owner attacked. A drunken Bob interrupts their conversation, singing loudly upstairs, prompting the shrewd Miss Pinkerton to add that the police are going to search every house to find the thief. Miss Todd shoos Miss Pinkerton out the door, and then she and Laetitia confront Bob about his true identity. They each try to convince him to run off with them, in order to evade the police, but Bob refuses to run away because he has done nothing wrong. Miss Todd incredulously asks, "Is your love for me so small that you would see me in prison?" to which Bob replies, "Small? I don't love you at all!" Miss Todd flies into a rage, and storms out, saying she will call the police and blame all the theft on him. Glumly, Bob and Laetitia duet on whether to stay and face the charges or leave, and the persuasive Laetitia eventually wins the argument. Vindictively, they steal all of Miss Todd's valuables, including her car, and ride off together. Miss Todd returns to find her house empty and, realizing her life is now in ruins, collapses in grief after a final frantic aria.

title: The Old Maid and the Thief


text:
The Baroness (novels)

The Baroness is the name of a short-lived series of espionage novels by Paul Kenyon. Eight novels in the series were published from 1974 to 1975 by Pocket Books. This series of books profiles the adventures of Baroness Penelope St. John-Orsini, a voluptuous international playgirl who is also a lethal secret superspy.

Fictional character biography
A former Vogue and Elle cover model, the Baroness is a "long-legged beauty in her early thirties" who runs a model agency as a cover for her espionage missions. Her preferred weapon is the Bernadelli VB .25 caliber.

She drinks martini cocktails, smokes the occasional joint, drives a red Porsche, throws lavish parties in her Rome mansion and enjoys fiery but casual sex with a series of handsome hunks, including suspected enemies she may well have to kill. Her jade green eyes, raven black hair and "explicit cheekbones" prove the perfect smokescreen. "There wasn't a line or shadow on her lovely face to show the deadly secrets that lay behind it."

Origins
Born Penelope Worthington into a Philadelphia banking family, she was educated at Miss Frothingham's Finishing School. Her father was Arthur Worthington and she sometimes recalls his wisdom with fondness. While still young, she married an older man John Stanton Marlowe, who performed "mysterious errands" for the US government. The marriage was short-lived. He died while piloting his own Gulfstream jet.

She turned to modeling and while on assignment in Italy met the Baron Reynaldo St. John Orsini, a thrill-seeking playboy. It was the Baron who "brought her to life again." Their three-year marriage was a whirlwind of jet-setting parties, fast cars and scuba diving. "Life,” he tells her, “is keener when death is looking over your shoulder."

Following a tire blow-out on his Ferrari, the Baron died in the Monte Carlo Grand Prix. Penelope inherited his money, becoming independently wealthy, but for the second time found life a "void." That is, until a government friend of her first husband recruited her. Over two years, she was trained in weaponry, close combat and martial arts, learning how to pass out under interrogation and kill a man with a hairpin.

The books
Eight Baroness novels were published within the space of one year (1974–1975) by Pocket Books, all credited to Paul Kenyon, a house pseudonym used by book packager Lyle Kenyon Engel for Donald Moffitt. The book covers were illustrated by Hector Garrido. The titles were:

 * 1) The Ecstasy Connection
 * 2) Diamonds Are for Dying
 * 3) Death Is a Ruby Light
 * 4) Hard-core Murder
 * 5) Operation Doomsday
 * 6) Sonic Slave
 * 7) Flicker of Doom
 * 8) Black Gold

In 1975, Futura reprinted only the first four books in England, with different covers.

French translations were published in 1975 by Eroscope under a different series name, "Penny", the nickname of the protagonist in the novels. Eroscope published all eight novels listed above and a ninth, Photo-Phobie, which was never published in English.

Due to the high volume of output in such a short period of time under the Kenyon name, speculations abound whether Kenyon was one author or if this was a pseudonym for more than one writer, a common practice of using house pseudonyms in adventure fiction at that time. Some authors have said that Paul Kenyon was indeed a "house" name used by a book packager Lyle Kenyon Engel, of Book Creations, Inc. However, Donald Moffitt admitted that he was the sole author of the eight published Baroness novels.

Engel contracted and paid for three more Baroness titles, but these were never published. Peter Mayer of Simon and Schuster, a division of Pocket Books, canceled the series after the three manuscripts were written. He thought that action/adventure series were not selling enough in numbers to keep it going. The unpublished titles were:

 * 1) A Black Hole to Die In by Donald Moffitt
 * 2) Death is a Copycat by Donald Moffitt
 * 3) Quicktime Death by Robert Vardeman in 1976

The pulp tradition
Published at a time when male characters such as Nick Carter-Killmaster and Mack Bolan dominated the paperback spy genre, The Baroness series distinguished itself by featuring an equally lethal and promiscuous female character.

The novels' sex scenes contain many examples of the graphically poetic pulp tradition:
 * "She opened her mouth and the tongue, like a sly little animal, darted in."
 * "His tool grew in her hand until it was a rigid club, hot and heavy to the touch..."
 * "The livid pipe still protruded straight out, glistening with their mingled secretions."
 * "She flicked it downward to the slippery underside and found it muscularly imprisoned."
 * "Penelope felt an electric shock travel downward through the center of her body to where she was plastered wetly to the padded barstool."
 * "They lay side by side like exhausted wrestlers... a single sparkling droplet trying to ooze out of his blunt tip."

title: The Baroness (novels)


text: User talk:70.176.88.145

title: User talk:70.176.88.145


text:
Kaori Momoi

Kaori Momoi (桃井 かおり) is a Japanese actress.

Life and career
Momoi was born in Tokyo, Japan. At the age of 12, she traveled to London to study dance at the Royal Ballet Academy. After three years, she returned to Tokyo. She graduated from Japan's Bungakuza School of Dramatic Arts. In 1971, Momoi debuted in director Kon Ichikawa's Ai Futatabi (To Love Again). Her career has spanned 52 years and over 60 films.

As an actress, she has worked with directors including Akira Kurosawa (Kagemusha, 1980), Tatsumi Kumashiro (Seishun no Satetsu, 1974), Yoji Yamada (The Yellow Handkerchief, 1977 and Otoko wa Tsuraiyo, 1979), Shohei Imamura (Why Not?, 1981), Shunji Iwai (Swallowtail Butterfly, 1996), Jun Ichikawa (Tokyo Yakyoku, 1997), Mitani Koki (Welcome Back, Mr. McDonald, 1997), Yoshimitsu Morita (Like Asura, 2003) and Takashi Miike (Izo, Sukiyaki Western Django).

She performed in The Sun (2005) directed by Alexander Sokurov and appeared in director Rob Marshall's film Memoirs of a Geisha.

For her film performances in Japan, Momoi has won many awards. She has won the Japanese Academy Awards for Best Actress twice and Best Supporting Actress once and was selected Best Actress at the 1983 New York International Film Festival for her role in Giwaku (Suspicion).

Momoi has pursued various projects in producing, directing, screenwriting, and design in addition to her acting. She has also released 15 record albums as a singer and is an essayist.

She won the award for best actress at the 7th Hochi Film Award for Giwaku.

Honours

 * Medal with Purple Ribbon (2008)
 * Kinuyo Tanaka Award (2015)
 * Order of the Rising Sun, 4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette (2022)

title: Kaori Momoi


text:
Talk:Die Wacht am Rhein

Many, Many more translations
I happened to stumble upon this book: https://books.google.com/books?id=yYpSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=true. It contains translations of the poem into many more languages including Latin, French, and Hebrew. I believe it opens up the possibility for a page solely for translations. Does enyone else agree? --Heil Kaiser (talk) 22:00, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

Untitled
Can someone translate this into English?

--[User:mr100percent] 2004.10.11

Seconding translation --Grevlek 04:15, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

name of article
There is a auto-redirect from the German name to the English name. Which one, tho, should be used for the actual title? Beanbatch 19:17, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * IMO, the main article should be at the German name. Practically all non-English songs at List of patriotic songs are listed in their native phrasings. Olessi 22:22, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a precedent to me. If you know how to do it cleanly (and auto-migrate existing links) I say go for it.Beanbatch 22:34, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Translation of ruhig
Ruhig ist better translated with calm than quiet in this case.

Added better Translation
I changed the translation to the lyrics from ingeb.org. They actually rhyme, and portray the (probable) meaning of the poem better than the old translation. Is that OK? -Alex, 74.133.188.197 04:13, 14 May 2006 (UTC).
 * Thanks for your contributions, but I've reverted to the older version which I consider closer to the German text. Feel free to add your version here on the talk page, so that people can discuss the pros and cons of a more "free" or "poetic" translation.--Matthead 20:24, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Well, when someone comes here to read the translation, they probably expect the english translation to rhyme as much as the original german words do. It just sounds better, and it gets the intended sentiment across better. Though the literal translation does that fine, it doesn't have the, as you said it, poetic sound to it. The english translation should have a poetic sound to it, considering that the german language version was originally a poem, which as put to music about a decade after it was written. -Alex, 74.133.188.197 18:41, 2 June 2006 (UTC).
 * I prefer having literal translations, as they indicate the "true" meaning of the foreign text, instead of a poetic translation in which the translator might take some liberties with the original text just to conform with poetic rules. Is there enough space to add a third column listing an English poetic version as well? Olessi 17:55, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

I say, add it. If you want a good poetic translation that rhymes well, use the ingeb.org page of Die Wacht am Rhein: http://ingeb.org/Lieder/esbraust.html The only part of it I don't really like are the refrain and the first strophe, but you can use the one I made, just check the history of this page. -Alex, 74.133.188.197 12:07, 4 June 2006 (UTC).

Parody
In Robert Graves' memoir Good-bye to All That, he mentions a WWI English song titled something like "We're Going to Wind Down the Watch on the Rhine"... AnonMoos 11:40, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

Sides
article: "Germans feared that France was planning to annex the left bank of the Rhine, as it had sought to do" i guess the right bank of the rhine would be accurate, as the left bank has been french territory since louis XIV. it wasn't annexed by the german reich before the 1870/71 french-prussian war. correct me if i'm getting it wrong. --77.4.134.158 (talk) 00:58, 10 May 2008 (UTC) ("Willie McBride" on de.wiki)

 * This is explained in the article. The german-french border before 1871 was the same as it is today. The southern left bank was french, the part in the north was german. French politicians indeed sought to annex the whole eastern bank up to the netherlands so that the river itself would serve as a border. See the article Rhineland. 91.65.112.226 (talk) 14:49, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

"Approximate translation"
The "approximate translation" makes some mistakes.

It translates "wer will des Stromes Hüter sein?" ("Who wants to be the river's guardian?") in the first stanza as "who guards tonight my stream divine?". By adding the word "divine" it gives a wrong impression of the first stanza. (The word "heilig" "sacred" only appears in the second stanza. The word "göttlich" "divine" can't be found anywhere in the poem.)

"Heldenväter" ("heroic fathers") in the third stanza is translated as "ancient heroes". This change to the text makes no sense. In 1813/1814 German forces had fought against the French at the banks of the river Rhine, driving the invaders back to France. Thus these soldiers belong to the generation of the fathers of the young men in Germany that Max Schneckenburger addresses in his poem. (They are "Helden, "heroes", because they died during the fightings against Napoleon's troops which is also the reason why they look down from Heaven where they reside now, according to the poem.) 91.50.44.230 (talk) 18:10, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * This is called a forced rhyme. Who wants to translate rhymes to rhymes has to make approximations.--131.159.0.47 (talk) 15:59, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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 * Die Wacht am Rhein - Music with vocal.ogg

"modern verse translation"
what's the source for this modern verse translation? (And who sings "pugnaciously"?) --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 01:10, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Die Wacht am Rhein


text:
Rosny

Rosny is the name of several places:
 * Rosny, Tasmania in Australia
 * Rosny-sous-Bois commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis département in France
 * Rosny-sur-Seine commune in the Yvelines département in France
 * Rosny, Nevada in Lander County, Nevada in the United States of America

title: Rosny


text:
Talk:City of Cessnock

Untitled
Created redirect Cessnock City Council to Cessnock. Could be done separately as in Gosford and Gosford City Council but not enough info at the moment. Andrew Kepert 05:05, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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title: Talk:City of Cessnock


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City of Cessnock

City of Cessnock is a local government area in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The area under administration is located to the west of Newcastle. The largest population centre and council seat is the city of Cessnock.

The mayor of the City of Cessnock Council is Cr. Jay Suvaal, a member of Country Labor.

Main towns and villages
The Cessnock City Council area includes
 * Cessnock
 * Kurri Kurri
 * Weston
 * Pelaw Main
 * Abermain
 * Aberdare
 * Bellbird
 * Kearsley
 * Mulbring
 * Kitchener
 * Paxton
 * Millfield
 * Ellalong
 * Wollombi
 * Neath
 * Branxton
 * Greta

Demographics
At the, there were 50,840 people in the City of Cessnock local government area, of these 49.7 per cent were male and 50.3 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.8 per cent of the population, which was nearly double than the national and state averages of 2.5 per cent. The median age of people in the City of Cessnock was 37 years, equal to the national median. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 21.4 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 14.1 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 46.6 per cent were married and 13.2 per cent were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the City of Cessnock between the 2001 census and the was 2.52 per cent; and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 census, population growth was 10.03 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78 per cent and 8.32 per cent respectively, population growth in the City of Cessnock local government area was approximately equal to the national average over the ten-year period. The median weekly income for residents within the City of Cessnock was lower than the national average.

At the 2011 census, the proportion of residents in the City of Cessnock local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Celtic exceeded 83 per cent of all residents (national average was 65.2 per cent). In excess of 64% of all residents in the City of Cessnock nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2011 census, which was significantly higher than the national average of 50.2 per cent. Meanwhile, as at the census date, compared to the national average, households in the City of Cessnock local government area had a significantly lower than average proportion (3.1 per cent) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 20.4 per cent); and a significantly higher proportion (93.0 per cent) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 76.8 per cent).

Current composition and election method
Cessnock City Council is composed of thirteen councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is directly elected while the twelve other councillors are elected proportionally as four separate wards, each electing three councillors. The most recent election was held on 4 December 2021, and the makeup of the council, including the mayor, is as follows:

The current Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

title: City of Cessnock


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Pavle Jurišić Šturm

Pavle Jurišić Šturm KCMG (Павле Јуришић Штурм; 8 August 1848 – 13 January 1922), born Paulus Eugen Sturm, was a Serbian general of Sorbian origin, best known for commanding the Serbian 3rd Army in World War I.

Biography
Paulus Eugen Sturm was born on 22 August 1848. in Görlitz, Prussian Silesia, of ethnic Sorb origin. He moved with his brother to Serbia and joined the Serbian army. Šturm became one of the most important commanders in the Serbian army in World War I, especially during its first two years, the time when his 3rd army was main support either for the 2nd army during the battle of Cer (August 1914), or for the 1st army during the battle of Kolubara (November to December 1914).

He and his brother Eugene (Evgenije) graduated from the royal Prussian military academy in Breslau (Wrocław), and participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. They later resigned their commissions and moved to the Principality of Serbia, prior to the Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78), in order to lecture at the Serbian Military Academy in Belgrade. With the outbreak of the war, the two brothers joined the Serbian Army as volunteers. Pavle also fought in the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) as commander of a regiment.

He liked Serbia, and married a Serbian woman. In order to become naturalised, he changed his name into Pavle Jurišić-Šturm in 1876, Pavle being a cognate of Paulus, and Jurišić being derived from a modulated translation of the word "charge" (sturm in German, juriš in Serbian). He kept his German last name as an alias ("Šturm").

In the Balkan Wars (1912–13) he was the General of the Drina Division, which distinguished itself at the Battle of Kumanovo after which he was promoted to the rank of general.

As commander of the Third Serbian Army, he participated in all major battles in the Serbian theater in World War I, from Cer and Kolubara, then retreated over frozen Albania, and the participation of the Serbian Army on the Salonika front. Here, his army fought in the Battle of Kajmakcalan, suffering many casualties. After this battle Sturm was replaced at the head of the Third Army by Miloš Vasić in October 1916. He was sent to Russia to assist the commander of the Serbian Volunteer Corps. In early 1917, he returned via Japan to Thessaloniki, where he was appointed Chancellor of the Order of the Crown, a job he held until the end of the war.

After years of peace that followed, Šturm stayed in Serbia and remained in its army with the rank of general. He died in 1922 at his home in Belgrade.

Šturm was decorated with Order of Order of the Karađorđe's Star, Order of the White Eagle and Allied decorations of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Order of St. George, BelgianOrder of the Crown, the Legion of Honour and the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Possibly the most valuable was the Order of Paulovnia Flowers on the Great Cross, personally decorated by Japanese Emperor. He was also the bearer of the Order of Iron Cross, 2nd class, and the Austrian Order of Leopold.

He was considered one of the greatest commanders of First World War and one of the best commanders in Serbian war history.

title: Pavle Jurišić Šturm


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User talk:Rumikohorie

Welcome to Wikipedia, Rumikohorie! Fg2 05:34, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rumikohorie


text: User talk:218.44.198.208

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