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HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331)

HMCS Vancouver is a Halifax-class frigate, of the Royal Canadian Navy launched on 8 July 1989, as the second vessel of her class. She is based at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast of Canada, and is the third vessel to be named after Vancouver, British Columbia.

Description and design
The Halifax-class frigate design of which Vancouver belongs, was ordered by the Canadian Forces in 1977 as a replacement for the aging St. Laurent-class destroyer, Restigouche-class destroyer, Mackenzie-class destroyer, and Annapolis-class destroyeres of destroyer escorts, which were all tasked with anti-submarine warfare. In July 1983, the federal government approved the budget for the design and construction of the first batch of six new frigates of which Vancouver was a part, out of twelve that were eventually built. To reflect the changing long-term strategy of the Navy during the 1980s and 1990s, the Halifax-class frigates was designed as a general purpose warship with particular focus on anti-submarine capabilities.

As built, the Halifax-class vessels displaced 4750 LT and were 441 ft long overall and 408 ft between perpendiculars with a beam of 53 ft and a draught of 16 ft. That made them slightly larger than the Iroquois-class destroyers. The vessels are propelled by two shafts with Escher Wyss controllable pitch propellers driven by a CODOG system of two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, generating 47500 shp and one SEMT Pielstick 20 PA6 V 280 diesel engine, generating 8800 shp.

This gives the frigates a maximum speed of 29 kn and a range of 7000 nmi at 15 kn while using their diesel engines. Using their gas turbines, the ships have a range of 3930 nmi at 18 kn. The Halifax class have a complement of 198 naval personnel of which 17 are officers and 17 aircrew of which 8 are officers.

Armament and aircraft
As built the Halifax-class vessels deployed the CH-124 Sea King helicopter, which acted in concert with shipboard sensors to seek out and destroy submarines at long distances from the ships. The ships have a helicopter deck fitted with a "bear trap" system allowing the launch and recovery of helicopters in up to sea state 6. The Halifax class also carries a close-in anti-submarine weapon in the form of the Mark 46 torpedo, launched from twin Mark 32 Mod 9 torpedo tubes in launcher compartments either side of the forward end of the helicopter hangar.

As built, the anti-shipping role is supported by the RGM-84 Harpoon Block 1C surface-to-surface missile, mounted in two quadruple launch tubes at the main deck level between the funnel and the helicopter hangar. For anti-aircraft self-defence the ships are armed with the Sea Sparrow vertical launch surface-to-air missile in two Mk 48 Mod 0 eight-cell launchers placed to port and starboard of the funnel. The vessels carry 16 missiles. A Raytheon/General Dynamics Phalanx Mark 15 Mod 21 Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) is mounted on top of the helicopter hangar for "last-ditch" defence against targets that evade the Sea Sparrow.

As built, the main gun on the forecastle is a 57 mm/70 calibre Mark 2 gun from Bofors. The gun is capable of firing 2.4 kg shells at a rate of 220 rounds per minute at a range of more than 17 km.

Countermeasures and sensors
As built, the decoy system comprises Two BAE Systems Shield Mark 2 decoy launchers which fire chaff to 2 km and infrared rockets to 169 m in distraction, confusion and centroid seduction modes. The torpedo decoy is the AN/SLQ-25A Nixie towed acoustic decoy from Argon ST. The ship's radar warning receiver, the CANEWS (Canadian Electronic Warfare System), SLQ-501, and the radar jammer, SLQ-505, were developed by Thorn and Lockheed Martin Canada.

Two Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) SPG-503 (STIR 1.8) fire control radars are installed one on the roof of the bridge and one on the raised radar platform immediately forward of the helicopter hangar. The ship is also fitted with Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)5 long-range active air search radar operating at C and D bands, Ericsson HC150 Sea Giraffe medium-range air and surface search radar operating at G and H bands, and Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I-band navigation radar. The sonar suite includes the CANTASS Canadian Towed Array and GD-C AN/SQS-510 hull mounted sonar and incorporates an acoustic range prediction system. The sonobuoy processing system is the GD-C AN/UYS-503.

Modernization
The Halifax class underwent a modernization program, known as the Halifax Class Modernization (HCM) program, in order to update the frigates' capabilities in combating modern smaller, faster and more mobile threats. This involved upgrading the command and control, radar, communications, electronic warfare and armament systems. Further improvements, such as modifying the vessel to accommodate the new Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone helicopter and satellite communication links was done separately as part of the FELEX program.

The Frigate Equipment Life Extension (FELEX) program comprised upgrading the combat systems integration to CMS330. The SPS-49 2D long range air search radar was replaced by the Thales Nederland SMART-S Mk 2 E/F-band 3D surveillance radar, and the two STIR 1.8 fire control radars were replaced by a pair of CEROS 200 Fire Control radars. A Telephonics IFF Mode 5/S interrogator was installed and the Elisra NS9003A-V2HC ESM system replaced the SLQ-501 CANEWS. An IBM multi-link (Link 11, Link 16 and Link 22 enabled) datalink processing system was installed along with two Raytheon Anschütz Pathfinder Mk II navigation radars. Furthermore, Rheinmetall's Multi-Ammunition Soft kill System (MASS), known as MASS DUERAS was introduced to replace the Plessey Shield decoy system. The existing 57 mm Mk 2 guns were upgraded to the Mk 3 standard and the Harpoon missiles were improved to Block II levels, the Phalanx was upgraded to Block 1B and the obsolete Sea Sparrow system was replaced by the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile.

Construction and career
The frigate's keel was laid down on 19 May 1988 by Saint John Shipbuilding at Saint John, New Brunswick, the second ship of her class. Vancouver was launched on 8 July 1989. After trials, the warship was commissioned on 23 August 1993 in her namesake city of Vancouver alongside Canada Place, third ship of the class, as sister ship HMCS Toronto (FFH 333) commissioned almost a month before her. After commissioning, she was assigned to CFB Esquimalt, British Columbia on Vancouver Island as the first Halifax-class frigate to be based there.

From May to July 1994, the frigate took part in the RIMPAC naval exercise off the coast of Hawaii. The ship then made a training cruise around the Pacific, making several port visits. The following year, Vancouver, with sister ship HMCS Regina (FFH 334), deployed on another Pacific training cruise. In 1995, the frigate deployed with a United States Navy carrier battle group. In 1997, Vancouver performed another Pacific training cruise and in 1998, took part in the RIMPAC naval exercise. Vancouver, accompanied by HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509), visited Vladivostok, Russia, marking only the second time Canadian warships visited the country since the fall of the Soviet Union.

War on Terror
After the 11 September 2001 attacks, Vancouver and her sisters were a primary part of Canada's anti-terrorism naval forces in the Middle East. For instance, Vancouver was an integrated part of the American carrier battle group led by USS John C. Stennis, arriving at Hong Kong on 29 November 2001 and in the Persian Gulf in 19 December. The frigate performed maritime interdiction operations in the Gulf, enforcing sanctions on Iraq. The ship returned to Esquimalt on 28 May 2002.

During Operation Apollo, Vancouver was used to intercept suspicious and unknown vessels at sea, and had on occasion boarded vessels to prevent the escape of fugitives and the transit of contraband. After a tour of duty in the Arabian Sea, her role in Apollo ended. She was replaced by another Halifax-class frigate to serve much the same role. Vancouver has spent time flying the Canadian flag more locally, including a trip to Oregon in 2003 and a visit to her namesake city of Vancouver to celebrate the tenth anniversary of her being commissioned.

2011 Libyan civil war
On 10 July 2011, Vancouver left her home port of Esquimalt to join the NATO-led air-sea Operation Unified Protector during the 2011 Libyan civil war. She was delayed by a small fire in her boiler. The fire was detected quickly and dealt with, delaying her departure only by an hour. The overall Canadian Forces contribution to Operation Unified Protector is known as Operation Mobile. She relieved HMCS Charlottetown (FFH 339), which had been on patrol in the region since the early spring. Operation Mobile closed on 1 November 2011, Vancouver was transferred to the NATO-led Operation Active Endeavour on 15 November 2011. She set course for her home port of CFB Esquimalt on 10 January 2012.

Refit
On 6 May 2013 Vancouver was turned over to Seaspan Marine Corporation's Victoria Shipyards, to start an 18-month mid-life upgrading and modernization program. The HCM/FELEX refit was completed in May 2014.

Harpoon Block II testing
In October 2015, Vancouver, along with HMCS Calgary (FFH 335) and HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879), participated in the United States Navy's Task Group Exercise, a naval exercise held off southern California. In April 2016, Vancouver was used as the testbed for the launch of the new Harpoon Block II surface-to-surface missile, increasing the land strike capabilities of the frigate class.

Pacific deployment
In June 2016, Calgary, Vancouver, HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709) and HMCS Yellowknife sailed from Esquimalt to participate in the RIMPAC naval exercise. Following RIMPAC, Vancouver was sent on a training cruise around the Pacific, making several port visits and participating in the Royal Australian Navy's training exercise "Kakadu".

Vancouver was sent to take part in the Royal New Zealand Navy's 75th Birthday Celebrations on 19–21 November 2016. However, following an earthquake in New Zealand's South Island, the frigate was re-directed to Kaikōura to aide in humanitarian and disaster relief operations. In 2018, Vancouver deployed to the Pacific, participating in training with the Fijian Navy. In June and July 2018, Vancouver, along with sister ship HMCS Ottawa (FFH 341) and the supply ship MV Asterix, took part in RIMPAC 2018 around the Hawaiian Islands.

In 2022, Vancouver and HMCS Winnipeg (FFH 338) were deployed to the RIMPAC naval exercise off Hawaii followed by taking part in enforcing UN sanctions against North Korea. In September 2022, Vancouver sailed through the Taiwan Strait alongside the guided-missile destroyer USS Higgins in a freedom-of-navigation demonstration.

Badge
The ship's badge depicts a square-rigged, Royal Navy ship of the line sailing west along the ocean. The vessel in the badge is intended to represent HMS Discovery (1789), which, under the command of Captain George Vancouver, mapped much of North America's north-western coast and learned more about the area than had hereto been discovered. Among the geographical locations named after Vancouver is the city of Vancouver, British Columbia. The badge has been maintained through the history of all three Canadian vessels named Vancouver.

Heritage
The modern Vancouver is the third Canadian warship to bear the name. The first HMCS Vancouver (F6A) was a destroyer, among the earliest ships delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy. Formerly HMS Toreador (1918) of the Royal Navy; she was paid off in November 1936. Less than six years later, the second HMCS Vancouver (K240) was commissioned for the Second World War. A Flower-class corvette, Vancouver served until the end of the war, when she was paid off in late June 1945. It would be another forty years until the name Vancouver was once again active in the Canadian navy, when the modern Vancouver was planned as part of the Halifax class. Vancouver is one of the most often used names in Canadian naval history, with only HMCS Ottawa having been used more frequently.

Lineage – Vancouver
First of name: HMCS Vancouver (F6A) Destroyer, "S" Class Ex – HMS Toreador Commissioned 1 March 1928 Paid off 25 November 1936

Second of name: HMCS Vancouver (K225) Corvette, Flower Class. Commissioned 20 March 1942 Paid off 22 June 1945

Third of name: This is the current ship with the name Vancouver

title: HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331)


text: Category:Niagara County, New York

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Niagara County, New York


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Batis (plant)

Batis (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and tropical America (B. maritima) and tropical Australasia (B. argillicola).

Morphology and taxonomy
Both species are evergreen, low shrubs growing to 10–70 cm tall, prostrate where colonizing new mud, but once rooted, growing bushy. The leaves are small, swollen, fleshy, and narrowly club-shaped. They are bright green, but can also take on a reddish color. The flowers are small, produced in nonshowy spikes, flowering from midsummer to fall. The American species is dioecious, while the Australasian species is monoecious.

Some botanists divide B. maritima into five species, with B. californica, B. fruticosa, B. spinosa and B. vermiculatus split off, but this interpretation is not widely followed.

Range and habitat
Batis has the ability to live in salty environments. When other plants are exposed to salty soil or water, they lose most of their stored water, but Batis has adapted to this environment and does not have these problems. To help it survive in this salty habitat, its fleshy leaves are covered with very fine hairs that reduce the amount of water the plant loses to the air.

An example habitat of occurrence of Batis maritima is in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion of the Yucatán.

Not many animals can eat it because it is too salty, but white-tailed deer eat B. maritima as part of their diets. Eastern pygmy-blue butterflies collect the nectar from its flowers. B. maritima is becoming rare in some areas, and some scientists think it should be added to the United States endangered species list, though it has also become an invasive species in Hawaii after accidental introduction there.

Terminology
The genus Salsola is also sometimes known as saltwort, but is unrelated.

Uses
Batis maritima was used by Native Americans as a food, the roots were chewed (like sugar cane) or boiled into a beverage, while the stems and leaves were eaten raw, cooked or pickled. B. argillicola is also eaten as a green vegetable.

An analysis of saltwort's peppercorn-sized seeds has revealed they are extremely nutritious, having high quantities of proteins, oils, and starches. The seeds are edible, having a nutty taste, and they can be added to salads, toasted, or even made into miniature popcorn. The oil is almost identical to safflower oil, which is used for cooking and in salad dressings, as well as for making margarine. The seeds also contain beneficial antioxidants, such as tocopherols, which are thought to fight cancer.

title: Batis (plant)


text:
File:R.E.M. - Eponymous.jpg

Summary
Cover of Eponymous by R.E.M.

title: File:R.E.M. - Eponymous.jpg


text:
Elizabeth Cecil, 15th Baroness Ros

Elizabeth Manners, 15th Baroness Ros of Helmsley (c. January 1574 or 1575 – 19 May 1591) was the daughter and heir of Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland. On her father's death the Earldom of Rutland devolved upon his brother, the Barony of Ros passed to his daughter, Elizabeth.

In January 1589, aged around 14 or 15, she married, at Newark Castle, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, son of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter and Dorothy Neville, daughter of John Nevill, 4th Baron Latimer. Lord Burghley later succeeded as 2nd Earl. She died in childbirth, in London, at Tower Street, All Hallows, Barking and was buried in Westminster Abbey. She was succeeded in the Barony of Ros by her son, William.

title: Elizabeth Cecil, 15th Baroness Ros


text:
De Morgan Medal

The De Morgan Medal is a prize for outstanding contribution to mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society. The Society's most prestigious award, it is given in memory of Augustus De Morgan, who was the first President of the society. It is awarded every three years, usually to a mathematician living and working in the United Kingdom.

In 1968, Mary Cartwright became the first woman to receive the award.

De Morgan Medal winners
Recipients of the De Morgan Medal include the following:

 * 1884 Arthur Cayley
 * 1887 James Joseph Sylvester
 * 1890 Lord Rayleigh
 * 1893 Felix Klein
 * 1896 S. Roberts
 * 1899 William Burnside
 * 1902 A. G. Greenhill
 * 1905 H. F. Baker
 * 1908 J. W. L. Glaisher
 * 1911 Horace Lamb
 * 1914 J. Larmor
 * 1917 W. H. Young
 * 1920 E. W. Hobson
 * 1923 P. A. MacMahon
 * 1926 A. E. H. Love
 * 1929 Godfrey Harold Hardy
 * 1932 Bertrand Russell
 * 1935 E. T. Whittaker
 * 1938 J. E. Littlewood
 * 1941 Louis Mordell
 * 1944 Sydney Chapman
 * 1947 George Neville Watson
 * 1950 A. S. Besicovitch
 * 1953 E. C. Titchmarsh
 * 1956 G. I. Taylor
 * 1959 W. V. D. Hodge
 * 1962 Max Newman
 * 1965 Philip Hall
 * 1968 Mary Cartwright
 * 1971 Kurt Mahler
 * 1974 Graham Higman
 * 1977 C. Ambrose Rogers
 * 1980 Michael Atiyah
 * 1983 K. F. Roth
 * 1986 J. W. S. Cassels
 * 1989 D. G. Kendall
 * 1992 Albrecht Fröhlich
 * 1995 W. K. Hayman
 * 1998 R. A. Rankin
 * 2001 J. A. Green
 * 2004 Roger Penrose
 * 2007 Bryan John Birch
 * 2010 Keith William Morton
 * 2013 John Griggs Thompson
 * 2016 Timothy Gowers
 * 2019 Andrew Wiles
 * 2022 John M. Ball

title: De Morgan Medal


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Colne Valley Museum

The Colne Valley Museum is located within the Colne Valley at Golcar, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. The museum consists of four converted 19th century weavers' cottages. The museum provides an insight into what life was like for a weaver in the early 1850s. The museum includes a clog maker's workshop, a handloom chamber, a spinning room, a cropping room, kitchen and living rooms. The museum is run entirely by voluntary members.

History
The original row of four cottages was built in the 1840s by James and Sally Pearson, who were independent cloth manufacturers. It was built into a steep hillside with a traditional entrance for the lower rooms and a separate entrance to the upper floor at the rear of the cottages. In 1970, three of the cottages were converted to house the museum. They named the cottages 'Spring Rock'.

The museum features several restored period rooms which are also used for temporary exhibits. Permanent exhibits include a handloom and a spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves, a weaver's sitting room and 'gas-lit' clogger's shop.

The museum is open for school visits, for which children are encouraged to dress in period clothing, from Monday to Friday. On some weekends, the museum opens for demonstrations and exhibitions by the volunteer helpers, who demonstrate the types of crafts that would have existed during the 19th century.

title: Colne Valley Museum


text:
Yenko Camaro

The Yenko Super Camaro was a modified Chevrolet Camaro prepared by Yenko Chevrolet, developed by the dealership owner and racer, Don Yenko, and subsequently aided by special parts ordering directly through Chevrolet.

The Yenko dealership did not merely install performance parts, it also made modifications and provided race track ready tuning.425 horsepower out of a 427 big block

Background
When the Camaro debuted, a General Motors corporate edict prevented it from carrying an engine larger than 400 in³ (6.6 L) V8. This put the Camaro at a disadvantage with pony car rival Plymouth Barracuda since Plymouth had no such limit. Although Ford did not, its largest offering in the Mustang, the 390 V8, was six cubic inches smaller than the largest Chevrolet engine available in a Camaro (396). Don Yenko and others knew there was a market for a more powerful Camaro and found ways around the GM limit.

1967
Yenko ordered L78 equipped SS Camaros and swapped in the Chevrolet Corvette's L72 427 in³ (7.0 L) V8. The cars came with a 4.10 rear end and heavy-duty suspension. The approximate number of cars produced is 54. Yenko also installed a fiberglass replacement hood similar to the "Stinger" hood featured on 1967 big-block Corvettes. The Camaros were equipped with a M21 transmission. The horsepower was rated at 450 hp.

1968
Encouraged by the success of the 1967 model, Yenko continued to produce his Yenko Super Camaros for 1968. The 1968 Yenko Super Camaros started life as Super Sports with L78 396 in³ 375 hp hp engine and close ratio 4-speed Muncie transmission. Yenko also ordered the cars with COPO 9737 which included a 140 mi/h speedometer, a larger 1 1/8th inch front anti-sway bar, and a special trim tag. Yenko swapped out the factory 396 in³ short-block for the L72 427 in³ 450 hp short-block reusing the rest of the 396 in³ engine's components including the heads, carburetor, intake manifold, etc. He swapped the stock hood for a twin-snorkel fiberglass hood, added Pontiac's 14"x6" steel wheels with special Yenko caps, and placed Yenko emblems on the front grill, front fenders and tail panel. 427 emblems were added to the tail panel and front fenders as well. The cars had a Yenko Super Camaro serial-numbered tag in the driver's side door jamb and Stewart Warner pedestal-mounted tachometer and gauges were installed in the interior. Early cars got a rear spoiler made for Yenko, and later cars all got factory spoilers front and rear. The recognized production number for these cars is approximately 64 cars converted, with well less than half of that number known to exist today.

1969
For 1969, the dealership worked with Chevrolet to have the L72 engines installed on the factory assembly line using a Central Office Production Order, or COPO. The orders included power disc brakes, spoilers, cowl-induction hood, a 4.10 Positraction rear end with gears that were heat treated for strength, a bigger front sway bar, and a heavy-duty 4-core radiator. Buyers of the car had the option of either the M-21 four speed or the Turbo Hydramatic 400 automatic transmission. A total of 201 cars were sold in 1969, 171 with four speed transmissions and 30 with automatic transmissions. Yenko rounded out the visual package with special "Yenko 427" badges, stripes down the sides and hood, and the sYc (Yenko Super Car) on the headrests. According to the Camaro Research Group, standard black interior (code 711) was the only interior ordered by Yenko in 69.

1981
The 1981 Yenko Turbo Z was based on a 1981 Camaro. Don Yenko's comments on the car are:

From a performance standpoint, cars have shown a slow but steady decline in the last 10 years. Low compression engines to accommodate low octane fuel, are now the norm. Ever-increasing numbers of emissions controls have sapped their share of horsepower from once potent engines. To recover these accumulated horsepower losses without increasing pollution presents a real challenge. After months of testing and development we have done it. Working closely with some competent people at Turbo International a system emerged that does everything we hoped for. This system, like all others, captures the energy to improve the induction of fuel/air mixture. The similarity to the other systems stops right here. Our system uses no priority valve so there's no turbo-lag. We don't have a waste gate to malfunction either. And since all of the fuel entering the engine is "processed" through the turbo, you get better fuel economy and improved response even without being in boost. Every nut, bolt and fitting used in this system is the best available. This has all been developed with each and every emission control connected and functional.

1969 Continuation Series
In 2007, a company in North Carolina called Classic Automotive Restoration Specialists restarted production of the 1969 Yenko Camaro. Don Yenko sold 201 of his famous COPO-program Camaros out of his Canonsburg, PA dealership. As reported in the March '08 issue of Muscle Car Review, the vehicle is a fully licensed and certified Yenko starting at #202. The 427 in³ engine under the hood was built by GM who has brought back the big block engines from the muscle car era. The rest of the components took 2½ years to track down the original tooling. Options offered on the vehicle are the same as was available in 1969 including paint colors. The car costs around 60% less than some of the current 43-year-old Yenko Camaro survivors but drives like the old car would have when it was new from the dealership. Two known people own Yenko's Camaros.

2010
A new Yenko Camaro based on the new 2010 Camaro platform was introduced at SEMA 2009. The new engine is a supercharged version of GM's LS3, the 6.2-liter V8 that comes standard with the Camaro SS. Since it is only the Phase I Yenko, it is expected that Phase II and Phase III Yenkos are coming which will have a Z06-sourced LS7 427 in³ engine and possibly even an LS9.

2016-2020
In 2016 Specialty Vehicle Engineering, Inc. announced that they'll be making custom SYC Yenko Camaros based on the new sixth generation Chevrolet Camaro these cars featured a custom Supercharged LT1 V8 rating from 750Hp-1000hp.

For 2024 Yenko Camaros will come out in three stages ranging from 1050 HP automatic or manual, aluminum block LT4 Stage 1, to manual only 1500 HP stage 3 based on GM's L8T iron block.

title: Yenko Camaro


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sherrice Iverson

Sherrice Iverson was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP due to lack of consensus to delete. 5 votes to delete, 3 votes to keep. Only 1 vote to delete was posted after the article was rewritten. Postdlf 02:34, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Sherrice Iverson
I SEE SOME OF YOU WANTED HER TO BE DELETED, WHY BECAUSE SHE'S BLACK? WHY NOT DELETE SAMANTHA RUNNION, JONBENET, DANIELLE VAN DAM?? ARE THEY MORE IMPORTANT??

Poor little girl, age 7, murdered in a bathroom. Very sad, but not notable: it happens far too often. — Bill 21:09, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC) *Delete. This is a new low from our old pal, the B-Movie Bandit. Merge/redirect is OK. - Lucky 6.9 23:04, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: This isn't a vote, but she seems to have inspired some legislation in Nevada, so she might be notable enough. Lord Bob 21:25, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * The legislation may be notable. Include this information in a footnote there and all is good. Having it here is not encyclopedic. Delete. --Improv 22:38, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Good point. Delete. Lord Bob 23:17, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * If she inspired legislation, she should be included in the article about the legislation for sure. Is there an article on it? If not create one and merge/redirect  — siro  χ  o  02:23, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: As with other victims of crime and accident who inspire reforms, their accounts need to be told in the story of the thing done in reaction, and not as a memorial. Geogre 01:36, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I've expanded the article based on the info provided on the weblink. That story made big headlines here in California and deserves more than what the Bandit left. - Lucky 6.9 23:24, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: The Bandit got it wrong.  The crime happened in Primm Valley.  That's 40 miles southwest of Las Vegas on the California state line, for those unfamiliar with the area. - Lucky 6.9 23:30, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Indrian 17:33, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep after Lucky's good work. — siro  χ  o  13:34, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Guanaco 22:55, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. If she inspired legislation that's clearly notable. DG 05:56, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
William Cecil, 16th Baron Ros

William Cecil, 16th Baron Ros of Helmsley (May 1590 – 27 June 1618) was an English peer, whose ill-advised marriage to Anne Lake resulted in a major scandal, which dragged on for years after his early death.

He was born at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, only son of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter, and baptised on 4 June 1590. In 1591, he inherited the barony of de Ros from his mother, Elizabeth Cecil, 15th Baroness de Ros.

In 1611, Roos embarked upon the early 17th-century version of the later Grand Tour, accompanied by a tutor. Whilst in Europe, Roos exhibited apparent Catholic sympathies: he "regularly dined and conversed with Catholic priests and visited English Catholics living in Brussels. Rumors of Roos’s potential conversion to Catholicism persisted during his educational travels".

On 13 February 1615 or 1616, he married Anne Lake, daughter of Sir Thomas Lake, the Secretary of State, and his wife Mary Ryther, a marriage which soon ended in divorce and a bitter feud between the two families, caused in the first place by the Cecil family's refusal to transfer lands allegedly due to Anne as part of the marriage settlement. Anne, her mother and other family members made lurid and entirely false allegations against Cecil. Cecil challenged his brother-in-law Sir Arthur Lake, generally regarded as the prime mover in the affair, to a duel, but Arthur refused the challenge.

The accusations, which included adultery with his grandfather's young second wife Frances Brydges, were so serious that he felt it wiser to leave the country for a time. He was sent by King James I on a special mission to the Holy Roman Emperor. Eventually, a thorough investigation concluded that all the charges against Cecil had been fabricated by the Lake family, several of whom were severely punished by Star Chamber as a result. The matter was not finally resolved until 1621, by which time William was dead.

He died aged 28 without issue. Since his father and grandfather both outlived him, the Earldom of Exeter passed to his first cousin David Cecil, 3rd Earl of Exeter. His mother's barony passed separately to her next heir, Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland. Cecil's ex-wife Anne remarried George Rodney of Stoke Rodney, Somerset, and died in 1630.

title: William Cecil, 16th Baron Ros


text:
Oliver Stanley

Oliver Frederick George Stanley (4 May 1896 – 10 December 1950) was a prominent British Conservative politician who held many ministerial posts before his early death.

Background and education
Stanley was the second son of Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, by his wife Lady Alice, daughter of William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester. Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley was his elder brother. He was educated at Eton, but did not proceed to the University of Oxford due to the outbreak of the First World War.

Military career
During the First World War, Stanley was commissioned into the Lancashire Hussars, before transferring to the Royal Field Artillery in 1915. He achieved the rank of captain, and won both the Military Cross and the Croix de Guerre.

Political career
After he was demobilised, Stanley was called to the bar by Gray's Inn in 1919. In the 1924 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Westmorland. From 1945 he sat for Bristol West.

Ministerial career
He soon came to the attention of the Conservative leaders and held a number of posts in the National Government of the 1930s. As Minister of Transport he was responsible for the introduction of a 30 miles per hour speed limit and driving tests for new drivers. In May 1938 whilst President of the Board of Trade he achieved a rare distinction in British politics when his brother Lord Stanley became Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs – a rare example of two brothers sitting in the same Cabinet, more so as their father, a former Conservative minister, was still alive. Nevertheless, five months later Edward died. (Another example is that of two Labour Party brothers, David Miliband and his brother Ed Miliband, who were appointed to the British Cabinet in June 2007.)

In January 1940 Stanley was appointed Secretary of State for War after the previous incumbent, Leslie Hore-Belisha, had been sacked after falling out with the leading officers. Much was expected of Stanley's tenure in this office, for his father had held it during the First World War, but four months later the government fell, and Stanley was replaced by Anthony Eden. Churchill offered Stanley the Dominions Office, which Stanley turned down. Instead, Churchill made him a personal link with intelligence agencies, notably as founder of the London Controlling Section. Two years later Stanley's political fortunes revived when Churchill appointed him Secretary of State for the Colonies, a post which he held until the end of the war.

Last years
After the Conservatives' massive defeat in the 1945 general election Stanley was prominent amongst those rebuilding the party, and he came to be regarded as one of the most important Conservative MPs. He was a governor of The Peckham Experiment in 1949. Along with Churchill and Anthony Eden, Stanley was seen as one of the Conservative Party's leaders in 1950. He succeeded his father as Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. By this time, however, his health was in decline; and he died on 10 December 1950 at his home in Sulhamstead.

Stanley had been Chairman of the Conservative Finance Committee. Had he lived longer, he might well have been appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer when the Conservatives formed a government the following year. Rab Butler was appointed instead. Butler later wrote in his 1971 memoirs that Oliver Stanley was “the acutest brain on the Conservative front bench, the keenest lance I have ever known in politics, and a flowing pen which could [write] several pages of immaculate foolscap in the same time that lesser men would take to wrote a decent paragraph”. However, Butler’s view was that he probably would not have been a great Prime Minister or even Chancellor of the Exchequer, as he was too indecisive, but that he was great in opposition.

Historian Sir Charles Petrie went further, and insisted in his 1972 memoirs (A Historian Looks At His World) that "the greatest blow the Conservative Party has sustained since the late war was the premature death of Oliver Stanley. He was one of the most gifted men of the century, and would have made a very great Prime Minister. ... He was as brilliant a conversationalist as a public speaker."

Family
Stanley married Lady Maureen Vane-Tempest-Stewart, daughter of Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, and the Hon. Edith Chaplin, in 1920. They had one son and one daughter:
 * Michael Charles Stanley (1921–1990), who married (Aileen) Fortune Constance Hugh Smith and had two sons; and
 * Kathryn Edith Helen Stanley DCVO (1923–2004), Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Elizabeth II from 1955 to 2002, and who married Sir John Dugdale KCVO (1923–1994) and had two daughters and two sons.

Lady Maureen died in June 1942, aged 41. Stanley survived her by eight years and died in December 1950, aged 54.

Books cited

 * , his autobiography
 * Howard, Anthony RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler, Jonathan Cape 1987 ISBN 978-0224018623
 * Jago, Michael Rab Butler: The Best Prime Minister We Never Had?, Biteback Publishing 2015 ISBN 978-1849549202

title: Oliver Stanley


text:
Eponymous (album)

Eponymous is the first greatest hits album by the American alternative rock band R.E.M., released in 1988. It was their last authorized release on I.R.S. Records, to whom they had been contracted since 1982, having just signed with Warner Bros. Records.

Eponymous includes several alternative versions of songs, including the soundtrack contribution "Romance", which had not previously appeared on an R.E.M. record. Spanning from the initial single release of "Radio Free Europe" to the previous year's breakthrough hit album Document, Eponymous provides a fair overview of R.E.M.'s early work.

The album features the alternate title "File Under Grain", a reference to the cover photograph. A previous album, Document, had "File Under Fire" inscribed on it, and Reckoning featured the words "File Under Water". On the reverse of the LP cover is a photograph of singer Michael Stipe with the words "They Airbrushed My Face" above his head. The photo is the senior portrait taken of Stipe while at Collinsville High School in Collinsville, Illinois. It appears in the Class of 1978 high school year book. The "doodles" on the front cover are the work of Stipe. He asked Tom Laurene, the engineer at Ardent Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, to photocopy them and make them larger.

Released in October 1988, just a month before R.E.M.'s Warner Bros. debut Green appeared, Eponymous reached #44 in the US and #69 in the UK.

Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe:

Side one – "Early"
 * 1) "Radio Free Europe" (original Hib-Tone single) (1981) – 3:47
 * 2) "Gardening at Night" (different vocal mix)1 – 3:30
 * 3) "Talk About the Passion" (from Murmur, 1983) – 3:20
 * 4) "So. Central Rain" (from Reckoning, 1984) – 3:15
 * 5) "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" (from Reckoning, 1984) – 4:32
 * 6) "Cant Get There from Here" (from Fables of the Reconstruction, 1985) – 3:39

Side two – "Late"
 * 1) "Driver 8" (from Fables of the Reconstruction, 1985) – 3:23
 * 2) "Romance" (from soundtrack album to the 1987 film Made in Heaven) – 3:25
 * 3) "Fall on Me" (from Lifes Rich Pageant, 1986) – 2:50
 * 4) "The One I Love" (from Document, 1987) – 3:16
 * 5) "Finest Worksong" (mutual drum horn mix) (from "Finest Worksong" single) – 3:50
 * 6) "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" (from Document, 1987) – 4:05

Notes
 * 1 Different mix from version on Chronic Town.

title: Eponymous (album)


text:
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title: User:Johntinker/utility


text: User talk:66.180.99.120

title: User talk:66.180.99.120


text:
California State Route 72

State Route 72 (SR 72) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. The route runs along Whittier Boulevard in the Los Angeles area from SR 39 in La Habra to Interstate 605 in Whittier. SR 72 forms part of El Camino Real.

Route description
Route 72 officially begins at State Route 19 in Pico Rivera, but the portion between State Route 19 and Interstate 605 is not maintained by Caltrans. Caltrans maintenance of the highway begins at the junction of I-605 in Whittier. The route follows Whittier Boulevard for its entire length, heading southeast through Whittier as a four-lane arterial street. SR 72 crosses with Los Angeles County Route N8 at Colima Road and ends at the intersection of SR-39 (Beach Boulevard) in La Habra. Whittier Boulevard is a major commercial corridor in Whittier, though it does not go through the city center, which is north of the highway.

The route formerly continued west under a railroad bridge near Pio Pico State Historic Park and then over the San Gabriel River as it entered Pico Rivera and met State Route 19 at Rosemead Boulevard. After about a mile and a half, the route crossed a narrow steel bridge over the Rio Hondo into Montebello. There, it continued towards Atlantic Boulevard. From there, it continued further to its end at Downey Road. Whittier Boulevard itself continues past Downey Road towards downtown Los Angeles. These segments have been relinquished back to the cities of Pico Rivera and Montebello, and are not included in the length of SR 72.

Despite the fact that the route's current alignment primarily goes west along Whittier Boulevard from Beach Boulevard to I-605, SR 72 is defined in the state highway code as a north–south state route. This reflects the original alignment and length of SR 72 before the highway was shortened (see below).

SR 72 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History
California's historic El Camino Real, which connected the Alta California missions, ran along what was then U.S. Route 101. Before 1964, U.S. Route 101 continued past today's end near the East Los Angeles Interchange east onto Whittier Boulevard and south on Harbor Boulevard until it met its bypass in Anaheim. (What is now Route 5 from Los Angeles to Anaheim was the U.S. Route 101 Bypass.)

In 1964, the U.S. Route 101 designation was removed south of the East L.A. Interchange. Its routing on Whittier and Harbor Boulevards became Route 72 and was initially defined to run from Route 5 (the former bypass) to an unbuilt State Route 245, hence the route's lackluster end at Downey Road. (Route 245 was to have been a bypass connecting Route 5 with Route 60, a function that was eventually assumed by an extended Route 710.)

In 1965, with Route 245 deleted, the definition was clarified to have Route 72 end at Downey Road, which was parallel to the planned Route 245.

In 1981, the portion from Route 5 to Harbor Boulevard (current Route 39) was deleted, and the portion from Harbor Boulevard to Route 39 was transferred to State Route 39.

In 1992, the portion from Atlantic Boulevard to Downey Road was deleted.

In 2010, SB-1318 Sec. 20 deleted the segment between I-605 and Atlantic Boulevard. It also states that Route 72 will be deleted when "Route 90 freeway is completed from Route 5 to Route 39."

Cal. S&HC § 635(b) includes unspecified parts of Route 72 in El Camino Real.

title: California State Route 72


text:
Pukapuka

Pukapuka, formerly Danger Island, is a coral atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most remote islands of the Cook Islands, situated about 1,140 km northwest of Rarotonga. On this small island, an ancient culture and distinct language have been maintained over many centuries. The population of Pukapuka is around 400 people.

Etymology
The traditional name for the atoll is Te Ulu-o-Te-Watu ("The Head of the Stone"),  The modern name Pukapuka (sometimes written as Bukabuka) originally applied to the main island of the atoll, and is of uncertain etymology. In modern times, the main island is often called Wale ("Home").

Pukapuka has been given various names by European explorers. Pedro Fernandes de Queirós sighted an island in 1595, likely Pukapuka, and called this San Bernardo. On 21 June 1665 John Byron sighted Pukapuka, calling it Islands of Danger, as he was unable to land due to high surf. A version of this name, Danger Island, became common use in English. French captain Pierre François Péron named the atoll Îles de la Loutre ("Islands of the Otter") when he visited on 3 April 1796.

Geography
Pukapuka is shaped like a three-bladed fan. There are three islets on the roughly triangular reef, with a total land area of approximately 3 sqkm. Motu Kō, the biggest island, is to the southeast; Motu Kotawa (Frigatebird Island) is to the southwest; and the main island Wale is to the north. Toka sand cay is to the west of the atoll, separated from Motu Kotawa by a reef. Kō and Motu Kotawa are uninhabited food reserves, with taro and pulaka gardens and coconut plantations. Pukapuka Airport (ICAO airport code: NCPK) is on Kō.

The three villages are located on the crescent-shaped bay of the northernmost islet of the atoll: Yātō (West), Loto (Central) and Ngake (East). Loto (Roto on most maps) is host to the Island Administration. The traditional names for these villages are Takanumi, Kotipolo and Te Lāngaikula. In daily life, the islanders frequently call them Tiapani (Japan), Malike or Amelika (United States) and Ōlani (Holland) respectively. In sports competitions between the villages, the villagers use the names and flags of these countries.

The submerged Tima Reef is situated 23 km southeast of Pukapuka. About 60 km away is Nassau (Cook Islands) which is owned by the people of Pukapuka and considered part of it for administrative purposes. Since the 1950s it has been governed by the Council of Chiefs of Pukapuka. The Nassau Island Committee advises the Pukapuka Island Committee on matters relating to its own island.

History
Human settlement of Pukapuka can be dated back about 1,000 years, after the sea level stabilised to its present height. According to oral tradition the island was discovered by Tamayei, a god from Tonga, and settled by ancestors from Tonga. The atoll served as a connecting hub between West and East Polynesia – a role that is reflected in Pukapukan material culture, and language, which is Samoic with a Tokelauan influence. Pukapukan traditions speak of frequent passages to Tuvalu, Tokelau, Niue, Tonga, Rarotonga and Tahiti, and basalt used for many of their adze blades can be geochemically traced to a quarry on Tutuila (Samoa). Tahitians are known to have passed through Pukapuka en route to islands in Samoa and Tonga.

The original population is likely to have numbered 1000 or more, but has recovered from extremely low numbers more than once. Oral traditions refer to at least two episodes of civil war, and inundation of the atoll from a major tsunami or cyclone, in which only two women and 15 men survived.

The island was first discovered by Europeans in 1595, when the Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña saw it on the feast day of Saint Bernard and named it San Bernardo. It was sighted again in 1765 by a British Naval expedition under Commodore John Byron, who named it the "Islands of Danger" because of the reefs and the high surf that made it too dangerous to land. The name "Danger Island" still appears on some maps. According to oral tradition, an unknown ship called at Pukapuka in the mid 18th century, and when the Yalongo lineage chief Tāwaki boldly took the captain's pipe out of his mouth, he was shot.

Thirty years later, Pukapuka was given the name "Isles de la Loutre" (Isles of the Otter) by Pierre François Péron, a French adventurer who was acting as first mate on board the American merchant ship Otter (Captain Ebenezer Dorr) after it was sighted on 3 April 1796. The following day, Péron, Thomas Muir of Huntershill (1765–1799), and a small party landed ashore but the inhabitants would not allow them to inspect the island. Trading later took place near the ship, when adzes, mats and other artifacts were exchanged for knives and European goods. "Everything united to convince us that we had the right to attribute to ourselves the honour of having discovered three new islands; and with this conviction I gave them the name 'Isles of the Otter' ('Isles de la Loutre') which was the name of our vessel. In order to distinguish them, we named the eastern one 'Peron and Muir' [Motu Kō], the one to the north 'Dorr' [Pukapuka], and the name of 'Brown' was given to the third [Motu Kotawa], after one of our officers." Péron believed that they were the first to discover the island, mostly because the people were so afraid of them. The Pukapukans' fear of the visitors was because Tāwaki had been killed during the ship visit about 30 years previously.

Because of Pukapuka's isolation, few vessels visited before 1857 when the London Missionary Society landed teachers from Aitutaki and Rarotonga. Luka Manuae of Aitutaki later wrote an extended account of the first days of contact 5–8 December 1857: No te taeanga o te tuatua a te Atua ki Pukapuka ("The arrival of the Word of God at Pukapuka", dated August 1869). Some lineages wanted to kill the newcomers in revenge for an incident that had happened a month earlier, but Vakaawi, chief of Yālongo lineage, protected them. In the following days, the island accepted Luka's Christian message, largely because of an encounter when two dead people were apparently raised back to life.

In 1862 Rev. William Wyatt Gill found most of the people on the island converted to Christianity. A raid in 1863 by Peruvian slave traders took 145 men and women, of whom only two returned, Kolia and Pilato (Malowutia). The London Missionary Society barque John Williams was wrecked on the western side in May 1864. In 1868 the buccaneer Bully Hayes took about 40 people to go on a labour scheme, but none of them returned home.

Pukapuka was proclaimed a British protectorate in 1892 and was included in the Cook Islands boundaries under the control of New Zealand in 1901.

World War II

Three U.S. Navy fliers from the USS Enterprise (CV-6) arrived on Pukapuka in February 1942. Harold Dixon, Gene Aldrich, and Tony Pastula survived 34 days on the open ocean in a tiny 4 by raft, beginning their odyssey with no food or water stores and very few tools. They were found by Teleuka Iotua huddled in a hut belonging to Lakulaku Tutala on Loto Village's reserve, where he gave them coconuts to drink. He then went and got more help. Shortly after their arrival a cyclone struck the island and caused widespread damage. Their story was told in the book The Raft by Robert Trumbull, published by Henry Holt and Co. in 1942, and released as a motion picture Against the Sun in 2014.

Post World War II
Pukapuka was hit by Cyclone Percy in February 2005 — a Category Five cyclone that destroyed the taro gardens, brought down thousands of trees, and damaged three-quarters of the houses.

Treaty
From 1856 to 1980, the United States claimed sovereignty over the island under the Guano Islands Act. On 11 June 1980, in connection with establishing the maritime boundary between the Cook Islands and American Samoa, the United States signed the Cook Islands – United States Maritime Boundary Treaty acknowledging that Pukapuka was under Cook Islands' sovereignty.

Economy
Although the island has a well-maintained airstrip, flights from Rarotonga are very infrequent. The five-hour flight from Rarotonga via Air Rarotonga now operates when there is a Government charter once every six weeks or so. The island is closer to Samoa than to the rest of the Cook Islands and transport via Samoa is becoming a preferred option for Pukapukans visiting in organised groups (tele parties) from New Zealand and Australia.

Culture
Pukapuka has its own language and customs that are different from those of the rest of the Cook Islands.

The entire population is said to be descended from seventeen men, two women and an unknown number of children who survived a catastrophic storm and tsunami in the 17th century. A new estimate of the date of the calamity based on oral histories suggests that it happened about 1590. Following blackbirding raids, by 1870 the population of the atoll was reduced to 340 people.

The island had a population of 664 at the 2001 census, but since 2005 the population has declined to less than 500.

The American writer Robert Dean Frisbie settled on Pukapuka in 1924, married a native woman, and raised his family on the island. He wrote several books about his experiences on Pukapuka and surrounding islands. He said at the time he was looking for a place beyond the reach of "the faintest echo from the noisy clamour of the civilised world". Frisbie’s daughter Johnny and her return to Pukapuka is featured in the 2021 documentary The Island in Me.

Pukapuka served as the namesake for the tribe of Asian-Americans in Survivor: Cook Islands, the 13th season of the U.S. reality show in which initial tribes were divided by race.

title: Pukapuka


text:
Rebecca Pan

Rebecca Pan Di-hua (also Poon Tik-wah, Pan Wan Ching) is a Hong Kong actress and singer.

Early life
She was born in Shanghai on 29 December 1931 and moved to Hong Kong in 1949.

Career
Her singing career began in 1957. One of her songs, which she recorded when she was 18, is played briefly in In the Mood for Love — the English version of an Indonesian folk song, "Bengawan Solo".

Discography

 * 《Pan Wan Ching Sings The Four Seasons 潘迪華與世界名曲》, Diamond Records LP1004, 1961.
 * 《Oriental Pearls》, Diamond Records LP1006, 1962. Recorded with the Diamond Studio Orchestra conducted by Vic Christobal.
 * 《The Exciting Rebecca Pan 我的心．潘迪華》, Diamond Records LP1009, 1963.
 * 《我愛你 (I Love You)》, Diamond Records LP1013, 1964.
 * 《潘迪華唱 (Rebecca Pan Sings)》, Diamond Records LP1017, 1965.
 * 《I Am Yours‧Japanese Good-Day Baby‧Till‧First Night Of The Full Moon》, Life Records EP-2001, 1965.
 * 《Tropical Love Song‧Pachanga‧I Could Have Danced All Night‧Chit Chit Rit Chit》, Life Records EP-2002, 1965.
 * 《Pan Wan Ching Greatest Hits！ 潘迪華 1965 最新名曲》, Life Records LP-9001/LSP-9001, 1965.
 * 《潘迪華 - 花弄影‧我永遠等着你》, EMI Parlophone Records, 1965.
 * 《Rebecca Pan Wan-Ching．Rendezvous On Bridge 潘迪華．情人橋》, EMI Pathe Records 7EPA-182, 1965.
 * 《Rebecca Pan 潘迪華．When You Were Mine》, EMI Columbia Records ECHK 507, 1966.
 * 《Rebecca Pan．Essence Of Love 潘迪華．給我一杯愛的咖啡》, EMI Pathe Records S-CPAX-329, 1967.
 * 《Rebecca Pan．A Man And A Woman 潘迪華．男歡女愛》, EMI Angel Records S-3AEX-326, 1968.
 * 《Rebecca Pan．Moonlit Villa 潘迪華．月滿西樓》, EMI Angel Records, 1968.
 * 《潘迪華．東方時代曲 Vol. 1》, Life Records, 1969.
 * 《Rebecca Pan．How Strange 潘迪華．真稀奇》, Life Records LSP-9005, 1969.
 * 《Rebecca Pan》, Life Records LELP 1, 1969.
 * 《我又想起你》, Life Records LSP-9013, 1970.
 * 《Hong Kong Sound With Rebecca Pan》, Sounds Of Asia Records SOA 001, 1970.
 * 《Rebecca Live In The Eagle's Nest》, Life Records, 1971.
 * 《潘迪華．今夜忘不了》, Yangtze Music YTZEP 301, 1971.
 * 《白孃孃 Pai Niang Niang》, EMI Regal Recordings, 1973
 * 《White Christmas．Rebecca Pan & The Voices Of Maryknoll》, Man Chi Records MCLP-10201, 1974.

Filmography as actress

 * Look for a Star (2009) - Sam's Mother
 * Chinese Odyssey 2002 (2002) - Queen Mother
 * In the Mood for Love (2000) - Mrs. Suen
 * Flowers of Shanghai (1998) - Huang
 * Days of Being Wild (1990) (as Tik-Wa Poon) - Rebecca
 * Starry Is the Night (1988)
 * The Greatest Lover (1988) - Fiona's Mum

title: Rebecca Pan


text:
Zeulenroda-Triebes

Zeulenroda-Triebes is a German town in the district of Greiz in the state of Thuringia.

Zeulenroda-Triebes is situated in the south of Greiz in the mountains of the Thuringian Slate Mountains (Thüringer Schiefergebirge), on the border with Saxony. The population of Zeulenroda-Triebes in 2006 was about 18,000. The largest company is Bauerfeind AG. The most famous sight in the town is the neoclassical town hall, built in 1827. Zeulenroda-Triebes is also known for the International Thuringia Women's Cycling Tour.

Zeulenroda unt Bf station lies on the Werdau–Mehltheuer railway.

History
Zeulenroda was mentioned in a document for a Saalburg convent as early as 1325, in Medieval Latin as Zulenrode. The village became a town in 1438. Zeulenroda belonged to the principality of the House of Reuss Elder Line for several centuries. On April 16, 1945 the United States Army took over Zeulenroda without a battle. On July 1 the Red Army occupied the town. In 1949 Zeulenroda and Triebes became a part of the German Democratic Republic. After German reunification in 1990, the Free State of Thuringia was reestablished. Zeulenroda merged with Triebes in 2006. The new name of the town is Zeulenroda-Triebes.

Population development
In 1908 the population of Zeulenroda reached the 10,000 mark. In 1946, the town had grown to more than 14,000 inhabitants through many resettlers. At the beginning of the 1990s more than 15,000 people lived in Zeulenroda. In recent years the number of inhabitants has declined slightly.

1830–2005 (Zeulenroda only)

 * 1830: 8,449
 * 1905: 9,776
 * 1910: 10,389
 * 1925: 11,047
 * 1933: 12,247
 * 1939: 12,688
 * 1946: 14,039
 * 1950: 13,694
 * 1960: 13,684
 * 1981: 14,709
 * 1995: 15,021
 * 2000: 14,600
 * 2005: 13,434

2005–2019 (Zeulenroda-Triebes)

 * Data source: Thürigian State Statistics Center

1 before the merger of the two towns

Local council
The elections in May 2014 showed the following results:
 * CDU 11 seats
 * The Left 5 seats
 * SPD 3 seats
 * BIZ 2 seats
 * TV 2 seats
 * FDP 1 seat

BIZ means Bürgerinitiative für sozialverträgliche Abgaben und Leistungsgerechtigkeit in Zeulenroda und Umgebung e. V.

TV means: Wählergemeinschaft Thüringer Vogtland

Twin towns – sister cities
Zeulenroda-Triebes is twinned with:

 * 🇩🇪 Giengen, Germany
 * 🇨🇿 Kostelec nad Orlicí, Czech Republic
 * 🇩🇪 Neunkirchen am Sand, Germany
 * 🇨🇿 Nýřany, Czech Republic
 * 🇫🇷 Sainte-Florine, France
 * 🇦🇹 Wies, Austria

Notable people
Paul Herman Geithner (1902–1972), was born in Zeulenroda and immigrated with his parents to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1908. His grandson, Timothy Geithner, was the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury, serving under President Barack Obama.

 * Johann Christian Gottlieb Ackermann (1756–1801), physician
 * Gustav Schreck (1849–1918), Thomaskantor in Leipzig
 * Heinrich Seeling (1852–1932), architect
 * Fritz Wächtler (1891–1945), National Socialist politician
 * Gerd Schenker (born 1948), percussionist
 * Jürgen Raab (born 1958), football player and coach
 * Thomas Barth (born 1960), cyclist
 * Henning Bürger (born 1969), football player and coach
 * Doreen Dietel (born 1974), actress
 * Alexander John (born 1986), hurdler
 * René Enders (born 1987), track cyclist

title: Zeulenroda-Triebes


text:
Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland

Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, KG (1578–1632) was an English nobleman. Despite a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the Essex Rebellion of 1601, he became prominent at the court of James I. He lived at Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire. In 1618 three women, the "Witches of Belvoir", were accused of witchcraft for having allegedly caused the deaths of his two young sons.

Biography
Francis Manners was the second son of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland, and Elizabeth Charlton (died 1595), the daughter of Francis Charlton of Apley Castle, Shropshire.

In 1598, he went abroad, travelling through France, Germany, and Italy, probably in the company of the former school teacher Robert Dalllington and Inigo Jones. On his return to England he took part, along with his older brother Roger and their younger brother George, in the 1601 rebellion of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and was imprisoned in the Poultry Counter. He was fined a thousand marks and committed to the custody of his uncle Roger at Enfield. Sir Robert Cecil, however, obtained a remission of the fine, and thus the affair cost little either to him or his brother George. As soon. as he was free he wrote a penitent letter to his uncle Sir John Manners of Haddon. In November 1601, he became a member of the Inner Temple.

On 28 June 1603, Francis Manners travelled with his brother to Denmark to present the Order of the Garter to Christian IV, accompanied by 'picture maker' Inigo Jones among others. He was prominent at the court of James I, and was created a Knight of the Bath on 4 January 1605 at the same time as Prince Charles. On 26 June 1612, he succeeded Roger as the 6th earl of Rutland, and was made lord-lieutenant of Lincolnshire on 15 July of that year. On 7 August he entertained James I at Belvoir, and the king repeated the visit five times in the after years. He held the offices of constable of Nottingham Castle and keeper of Sherwood Forest from October 1612 until April 1620, and carried the target or shield in the funeral procession of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. Manners was made a Knight of the Garter on 24 April 1616. On 6 April 1617 Manners became a member of the Privy Council and accompanied the king into Scotland the same year.

The title of Lord Ros or Roos had been carried by Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros, a daughter of the third Earl of Rutland, into the Cecil family, but Rutland claimed it on the death of William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros, in 1618. He was created warden and chief justice of the royal forests north of the Trent on 13 November 1619, and custos rotulorum for Northamptonshire on 7 February 1623. Although he seems to have disapproved of an extreme policy in church matters, his family connection with his son-in-law, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, secured him the appointment, on 21 April 1623, of admiral of the fleet to bring home Prince Charles from Spain. At the coronation of Charles he bore the rod with the dove.

Rutland died on 17 December 1632 at an inn in Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, and was buried on 20 February 1633 in the parish church at Bottesford, Leicestershire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George, who became the 7th Earl.

Employing Shakespeare
A discovery was made by W. H. Stevenson in 1905 among some records being kept in Belvoir Castle of an entry that indicates that in March 1613, the year that the Globe theatre would later burn down during a performance of Henry VIII, William Shakespeare and Richard Burbage, who was skilled as a portrait painter of his fellow actors, were each paid forty-four shillings in gold for creating and painting the Earl of Rutland's emblem. This decorative emblem was to be used at a festive tournament later that month at Whitehall in London, which was to celebrate the accession of James I ten years earlier.

Family
Rutland married firstly, on 6 May 1602, Frances Knyvet (died before 26 November 1605), (third daughter and coheir of Sir Henry Knyvet of Charlton, Wiltshire and Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir James Stumpe of Bromham, Wiltshire), and widow of Sir William Bevill of Killigarth or Kilkhampton, Cornwall. They had a daughter, Katherine, who on 16 May 1620 married George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. After Buckingham's death, Katherine married Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim.

Rutland married secondly, after 26 October 1608, Cecily, eldest daughter of Sir John Tufton of Hothfield, (and his second wife, Christian, daughter of Sir Humphrey Browne), and widow of Sir Edward Hungerford. They had two sons, Henry (died 1613) and Francis (died 5 March 1620), whose deaths in infancy were attributed to sorcery. The Flower family, known as the "Witches of Belvoir", were said to have prevented the couple having more children by making a charm from wool from their mattress and a pair of gloves.

Witchcraft is mentioned in the inscription on the Earl of Rutland's tomb in St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford: "In 1608 he married ye lady Cecila Hungerford, daughter to ye Honorable Knight Sir John Tufton, by whom he had two sons, both of which died in their infancy by wicked practises and sorcerye".

title: Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland


text:
Talk:Bersaglieri

Untitled
I copyedited the article, but I'm not sure what was meant by this:

 * Their speciality is the fast moving they hold

If anyone knows, please fix it. [[User:CyborgTosser|CyborgTosser (Only half the battle)]] 21:14, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Dear CyborgTosser,

 * This might help you:

 * When marching for an official ceremony: the Italian Bersaglieri are the complete opposite of the French Legionnaires.

 * The Legionnaires are known for their white cap (called: képi) and their slow march at the 14th of July parade (for the French national day).

 * For the same kind of official celebrations, Bersaglieri (including the music players) are runnning. In fact, they are always running when they move from one place to another.

more edits
I've done some minor copy edits, but there are a few links that won't work. Wikipedia has no entry for the Sardinian army, for one thing, and some of this doesn't tie in to the italian history segment very well. I have some info on the Berseglieri kicking around, so I'll add updates when I have time, and correct the links. Was this article originaly in Italian? --Caspiankilkelly 17:02, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Bicycle pic
There's a nice pic of the Bersaglieri in the mountains with their bicycles at Commons, follow the (commons link), however the article has enough pics already so I don't know if any other editors feel its worthwhile replacing one of the existing pics (probably the magazine front page) with the bicycle pic. KTo288 (talk) 12:58, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

"Flipped" pic
The photo captioned "Two Bersaglieri during the Risorgimento, ca. 1863" is "flipped". Left and right are reversed in the image. This is apparent by looking at the hats. The feathers are always worn on the right side, and the hat is always worn inclined so as to cut across the right eyebrow and touch the right ear. This was originally to shade the shooting eye. Also the tunics in the image button on the wrong side, like women's clothes. Also the swords hang on the right, which would have meant that both of these Bersaglieri were left-handed, which is very unlikely. Perhaps someone more skilled than I could "flip" this picture to make it correct.74.109.236.194 (talk) 10:12, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

Light or Mechanised Infantry
The article is self contradictory in describing their current role - the lead says they are Light infantry while later in the article there is a claim that they are currently Mechanised infantry. This contradiction needs to be fixed by editors with access to better sources - most of what I find are copies of this article. Roger (talk) 08:45, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

questionable figures
"During World War I, the 12 regiments of Bersaglieri fought with distinction. Of the 210,000 members of Bersaglieri regiments, 32,000 were killed and 50,000 wounded during the war." These figures don't match. Even if I subtract all KIA and WIA, that's still more than 10,000 per regiment on average. Regiments are much smaller. This is fishy. (There were indeed only 12 regiments, so I doubt the 210k figure.) Lastdingo (talk) 17:46, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

Dubious Bugle Calls
The audios for the different calls in the 'bugle calls' section are very peculiar. I suspect this is a transcription error, where a B flat accidental is missing for each call, resulting in B naturals, and diminished triads instead of major ones. As it is now, the calls are impossible to play on a bugle, and so are almost certainly incorrect. Robsj 001 (talk) 17:56, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

Cleanup
The inline citations in this article are few and highly specialized, which makes it very hard to edit. Also, important characteristics of the Bersiglieri are mixed up with historical material throughout the article. I'm attempting to make some sense of all this, by adding a Characteristics and symbols (or something like that) section at the start of the article. Lou Sander (talk) 00:47, 10 September 2018 (UTC)

"Rangers and other commando units"
Hello Lou. I reverted your edit because the cited source is error-filled and seems to have been written by a fanboy. I.e. the source compares the Bersaglieri to "the American Army Rangers, Green Berets, Navy SEALs or the Air Force Special Tactics Teams". All wrong. Italy's ranger unit is the 4° Reggimento Alpini Paracadutisti, its Green Berets equivalent is the 9° Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti "Col Moschin", the Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori "Teseo Tesei" are the equivalent of the Navy Seals and the Special Tactic Teams are the 17º Stormo Incursori. Today the Bersaglieri field three mechanized infantry regiments equipped with Dardo IFV (1st, 8th, 11th) and three infantry regiments equipped with Freccia IFV (3rd, 6th, 7th). No Bersaglieri regiment has ever been "Ranger", Special Forces, or Special Operations Forces. The source is error-filled from top to bottom (i.e. the line that the feathers "before the days of helmets, deflected the assault of many a saber blade" is wrong, as the hat was originally a cloth-covered helmet; or "freeing the city of the Pope’s rule", and so on), and the source has nothing to say about the real history of the Bersaglieri. For that look to primary sources like i.e: Esercito - I Bersaglieri, where all the active regiments are linked and you can read up on the regimental organizations and history. Some of the text in the source is so erroneous that it's cringeworthy - like: "From foot soldiers to motorcycle troops, the Bersaglieri today"... there are no more motorcycle Bersaglieri units; these were World War II units (companies attached to Bersaglieri regiments and one battalion), that were all disbanded in September 1943. best regards, noclador (talk) 14:50, 14 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I notice that this long article contains almost no inline citations to any source. The few sources mentioned refer to narrow timeframes and individual campaigns. I feel justified in providing inline citations to something that seems much better, even though some may be critical of it.
 * The reference to various U.S. elite combat units has to do with their similarity to the Bersaglieri's "agility, sharp shooting skills and tough, physical standards...", their fierceness as fighters, and their ability to maneuver rapidly as independent units. That is clear in the source, but perhaps was not as clear in the article. I propose to reintroduce this material and make it more specific. There is more to say on your thoughtful criticisms, but I would prefer to first see what you think so far. Lou Sander (talk) 05:06, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * No source, which states commonality between the Bersaglieri and the Rangers, could be considered reliable. In the British military traditions of the 18th and the 19th century the Rangers were mostly irregular auxiliary forces, which fought in a supporting role detached from the main body of forces (police the rear, harass the enemy communications). This is not the case of the Bersaglieri, which were and are regular infantry. In modern US military traditions (WWII and later the 75th Ranger Regt) the US Army Rangers are special infantry, which also operates in a supporting role ahead of the main body of forces, most prominently by assaulting fortified areas in order to open a breach for the main forces. The Bersaglieri aren't that either. The closest the Italian Army came to that were the Arditi, which were the Italian stormtroopers of WWI, organised with the task to breach the Austro-Hungarian trenches. Even the Incursori of Cold War and modern times cannot be considered a Ranger-equivalent, as they are proper special forces.B.Velikov (talk) 14:15, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Nothing to say against adding inline citations, but from reputable sources and not fanboy articles, that are based on hearsay and fantasy. As for the comparison to US elite units - no, no, no and no - the Bersaglieri have no "agility, sharp shooting skills and tough, physical standards" like the mentioned US units. As already said above: they are mechanized infantry and have been since 1936. Absolutely nothing distinguishes them from the other Italian army mechanized infantry units, no special training, no extra agility, no sharp shooting skills, and no physical standards different from to the 5th, 9th, 62nd, 82nd, 151st, and 152nd infantry regiments. noclador (talk) 14:27, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Tony Traficante, the author of the published article you so easily besmirch, is a respected researcher and writer for the Order Italian Sons and Daughters of America, an organization benefiting Italian-Americans since 1930. Your references to him as a 'fanboy' and to his work as 'based on hearsay and fantasy' are baseless, impolite and uncalled for. Shame on you, Noclador. I must say that I see a lot of hearsay and fantasy in your own comments here. Your criticisms are in the nature of original research, and you seem uninterested in improving the Bersaglieri article. Perhaps I am wrong, but that is how I see it. If I am wrong, please accept my apologies.

 * As an example of why I doubt you, you state (offering nothing to back it up) that the Bersaglieri have no special sharpshooting skills or physical requirements. Yet those are themes throughout the (mostly unreferenced) balance of the article. The article states that bersagliere means "marksman" in English. Perhaps you could provide us with a better translation, or explain to us (hopefully without original research) why such a name is associated with soldiers who have no special training in marksmanship.

 * I would really like to work with you on improving this article, or to improve it on my own without unreasonable interference, but I am starting to think that this may be impossible. Lou Sander (talk) 20:53, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Originally Bersaglieri were recruited as sharpshooting skirmishers to complement the line infantry, whose job was massed fire. Their name derives from their founding in 1836 and is based on bersaglio = target disk.
 * As skirmishers the Bersaglieri had to have a stronger physique than the average line infantry troops - again that was in the 19th century.
 * Post-WWII the Bersaglieri became mechanized infantry and the former requirements were dropped. Today nothing but their dress and parade pace distinguish them from other Italian mechanized infantry units.
 * Mr. Traficante's work is full of errors and "fanboy" blabla. Already the title is erroneous: "The Bersaglieri: Italy’s Spectacular Military Group" a) the Bersaglieri are a "Specialità" of the "Arma di Fanteria", and in Italian Army nomenclature a "group" is an artillery unit equivalent in size to a battalion. Mr. Traficante knows little or nothing about the Italian Army of today.
 * If you had looked at the articles history you would have seen that I have written large swaths of it; and if you had compared Mr. Traficante's article with the wikipedia Bersaglieri article you could have seen that he partially copied his article from the Bersaglieri article. I.e. his line "as peacekeepers in the Multinational Force in Lebanon, and in Yugoslav and Somali Civil Wars, and were also active in Operation Iraqi Freedom." is just copy/paste.
 * Now, if you wish to improve the article - please do so by using reputable sources; if you should add erroneous information, I - as an Italian, native speaker, former Italian Army member of the IV Army Corps General Staff, and member of the army's veteran organization - will correct or revert you. noclador (talk) 07:33, 16 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bersaglieri


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paul Pinson

Paul Pinson
Vanity page, complete with scary picture. Name gets some hits, but for an artistic director, not this 12 or 13 year old. "Much youth has said that Paul should one day run for president due too his exelent..."--"...and some say he is a reancarnation of J.R.R. Tolkien." Um, someone thinks Tolkien couldn't spell his way out of a wet paper bag? FWIW, contrib from user of the same name, that has been nicely welcomed by User:Sj, but tone of article suggests it wasn't simply 'misplaced'. Niteowlneils 21:15, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Someday, these will be speedy candidates, and VfD will be smaller for it. Lord Bob 21:22, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to User:Paulpinson and delete. Someday, the inclusionists will get VfD stricken from Wikipedia and these articles will be kept.  Sigh.  RickK 21:59, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * It was already handled outside of the VfD process, so apparently not. anthony (see warning) 01:45, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Vanity. Move to User:Paulpinson and delete. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 22:12, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Probably the most terrifying vanity page I've ever seen. Delete and/or move to User:Paulpinson --Neschek 22:40, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Well, I've moved it to User:Paulpinson and deleted the redirect. Let me know if you think I've done this out of process. RickK 23:39, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, no, redirects created from articles moved to the user space are candidates for speedy deletion. I think what you've done is perfectly fine, and the kind of thing we should be doing more often. anthony (see warning) 01:47, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Spanish physicians

title: Category:Spanish physicians


text: User talk:81.208.106.79

title: User talk:81.208.106.79