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User talk:Eleland

You are invited to look at my user page, where I am making an attempt to start a new article on Money and the Money Supply. Your advice and suggestions are invited Martycarbone (talk) 17:05, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

WP:AE
Just thought you might like to know... Cheers,  pedro gonnet  -  talk  - 28.03.2008 09:09

New AS mediation
The mediation im getting rolling as its been a long time waiting so i think its best to get moving. Most of the mediation will be on the talk (discussion) page. so make sure its in your watchlist. Seddon69 (talk)

todo: Abdulkarim al-Khaiwani
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Happy holidays

Toddst1 (talk) is wishing you a Merry Christmas! This greeting (and season) promotes WikiLove and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a Merry Christmas, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Don't eat yellow snow!

Spread the holiday cheer by adding to their talk page with a friendly message.

"Historic Palestine" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historic_Palestine&redirect=no Historic Palestine] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. GnocchiFan (talk) 21:32, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eleland


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Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. station

Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. (known as Arena/State Plaza before 2012) is a Metromover station in Downtown, Miami, Florida.

This station is located near the intersection of Northwest Fifth Street and First Avenue. It opened to service on April 17, 1986. This station is within walking distance to MiamiCentral, which serves Tri-Rail and Brightline.

Places of interest

 * Wilkie D. Ferguson U.S. District Courthouse
 * U.S. Post Office
 * Miami Police Department
 * MiamiCentral
 * City of Miami Office Building
 * Florida State Office Buildings
 * New Arena Square
 * 101 Fifth Street Building
 * 121 Fifth Street Building
 * 141 Fifth Street Building
 * 120 Fifth Street Building
 * Crosswinds Office Building

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Economists working on India

Economists working on India was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete. Postdlf 04:08, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Economists working on India
Despite the title, this is a web directory. A very small one, too. — Bill 21:35, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If there was a page containing a comprehensive list of such economists, and a website containing a comprehensive list of their websites, then a link from one to the other would be desirable. This is neither one nor the other, and not encyclopedic. --Ianb 11:37, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Economists working on India? What are they doing to it?  (Oh, and one more time: lists are lists and are named lists.  If they're not named lists, they're supposed to be discussions.) Geogre 18:56, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a web directory. Of any size. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:38, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Immolate. -Joseph (Talk) 02:55, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kuja

Kuja is a genus of African moths of the family Thyrididae.

Species
Some species of this genus are:

 * Kuja carcassoni Whalley, 1971
 * Kuja catenula (Pagenstecher, 1892)
 * Kuja effrenata Whalley, 1971
 * Kuja fractifascia (Warren, 1908)
 * Kuja gemmata (Hampson, 1906)
 * Kuja hamatipex (Hampson, 1916)
 * Kuja kibala Whalley, 1971
 * Kuja majuscula (Gaede, 1917)
 * Kuja obliquifascia (Warren, 1908)
 * Kuja squamigera (Pagenstecher, 1892)

title: Kuja


text:
Maffei (company)

Maffei was a manufacturer of railway locomotives based in Munich, Germany. Established in 1836, it prospered for nearly a century before going bankrupt in 1930 and becoming amalgamated with the firm of Krauss to form Krauss-Maffei. Following another seventy years of prosperity Krauss-Maffei merged with Demag and Mannesmann in 1999, the resulting conglomerate in turn being sold to Siemens AG.

Perhaps J. A. Maffei's most famous product was the S3/6 4-6-2 locomotive of 1908.

In 1836, Joseph Anton, Ritter von Maffei established the "J. A. Maffei" locomotive works in the English Garden district of Munich. The aim was to make Bavaria competitive in the machine industry. From these small beginnings a world-renowned locomotive works eventually developed.

In 1864 they delivered their 500th locomotive. Maffei, as a Munich town councillor, was praised for the building of the Hotel Bayerischer Hof. Well-known products of the locomotive works are the Bavarian S 2/6 express locomotive which held the 1907 German speed record of 154.5 km/h) and the Bavarian S 3/6. Examples of the S 3/6 are preserved in the Deutsches Museum in Munich and in the Nuremberg Transport Museum.

Maffei, amongst other things, involved itself with the building of the Augsburg Munich line and supported Johann Ulrich Himbsel in the building of the Munich - Starnberg line. Maffei, at Lake Starnberg, built their first steamer "Maximilian". By 1926 they had built 44 steam ships.

In 1930 the form of J.A.Maffei went into bankruptcy and in 1931 merged with the Krauss Company to form Krauss-Maffei. The Maffei mansion in Feldafing, by Lake Starnberg, today houses a museum and exhibitions.

title: Maffei (company)


text:
Louis Rosenfeld

Louis B. Rosenfeld (born c. 1965) is an American information architect, consultant, author and publisher, known as co-author of Information Architecture for the World Wide Web.

Biography
Rosenfeld earned his B.A. in history from the University of Michigan in 1987, and his Master's in library science from the University of Michigan School of Information in 1990.

Along with Peter Morville, he was the co-founder of Argus Associates, one of the first firms devoted exclusively to the practice of information architecture. With Christina Wodtke, Rosenfeld founded the Information Architecture Institute in 2002 and is a member of its advisory board. In 2005 he founded Rosenfeld Media, a user experience publishing house. He was also co-founder of the User Experience Network (UXnet)

Selected publications
Books:
 * Louis Rosenfeld, Morville, Peter, and Jorge Arango. Information architecture for the World Wide Web: For the Web and Beyond. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2015.
 * Louis Rosenfeld. Search Analytics for Your Site: Conversation With Your Consumers. 2011
 * Morville, P., Janes, J., Rosenfeld, L., Candido, G. A., Rosenfeld, L. B., & Decandido, G. A. (1999). The Internet Searcher's Handbook: Locating Information, People, and Software. Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc..

Articles, a selection:
 * Rosenfeld, Louis. "Moment Prisons, and How to Escape Them." Medium (2019).
 * Rosenfeld, Louis. "Seeing the Elephant: Defragmenting User Research." A List Apart (2013).
 * Rosenfeld, Louis. "Information architecture: looking ahead." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology 53.10 (2002): 874–876.
 * Janes, Joseph W., and Louis B. Rosenfeld. "Networked information retrieval and organization: Issues and questions." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47.9 (1996): 711–715.

title: Louis Rosenfeld


text:
Glutamate dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH, GDH) is an enzyme observed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic mitochondria. The aforementioned reaction also yields ammonia, which in eukaryotes is canonically processed as a substrate in the urea cycle. Typically, the α-ketoglutarate to glutamate reaction does not occur in mammals, as glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium favours the production of ammonia and α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate dehydrogenase also has a very low affinity for ammonia (high Michaelis constant $$K_m$$ of about 1 mM), and therefore toxic levels of ammonia would have to be present in the body for the reverse reaction to proceed (that is, α-ketoglutarate and ammonia to glutamate and NAD(P)+). However, in brain, the NAD+/NADH ratio in brain mitochondria encourages oxidative deamination (i.e. glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the ammonia is assimilated to amino acids via glutamate and aminotransferases. In plants, the enzyme can work in either direction depending on environment and stress. Transgenic plants expressing microbial GLDHs are improved in tolerance to herbicide, water deficit, and pathogen infections. They are more nutritionally valuable.

The enzyme represents a key link between catabolic and anabolic pathways, and is, therefore, ubiquitous in eukaryotes. In humans the relevant genes are called GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) and GLUD2 (glutamate dehydrogenase 2), and there are also at least 8 GLDH pseudogenes in the human genome as well, probably reflecting microbial influences on eukaryote evolution.

Clinical application
GLDH can be measured in a medical laboratory to evaluate the liver function. Elevated blood serum GLDH levels indicate liver damage and GLDH plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of liver disease, especially in combination with aminotransferases. GLDH is localised in mitochondria, therefore practically none is liberated in generalised inflammatory diseases of the liver such as viral hepatitides. Liver diseases in which necrosis of hepatocytes is the predominant event, such as toxic liver damage or hypoxic liver disease, are characterised by high serum GLDH levels. GLDH is important for distinguishing between acute viral hepatitis and acute toxic liver necrosis or acute hypoxic liver disease, particularly in the case of liver damage with very high aminotransferases. In clinical trials, GLDH can serve as a measurement for the safety of a drug.

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) can be used as screening tool for patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. The enzyme is expressed constitutively by most strains of C.diff, and can thus be easily detected in stool. Diagnosis is generally confirmed with a follow-up EIA for C. Diff toxins A and B.

Cofactors
NAD+ (or NADP+) is a cofactor for the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction, producing α-ketoglutarate and ammonium as a byproduct.

Based on which cofactor is used, glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes are divided into the following three classes:
 * EC 1.4.1.2: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+
 * EC 1.4.1.3: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+
 * EC 1.4.1.4: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+

Role in flow of nitrogen
Ammonia incorporation in animals and microbes occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase. Glutamate plays the central role in mammalian and microbe nitrogen flow, serving as both a nitrogen donor and a nitrogen acceptor.

Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase
In humans, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase is controlled through ADP-ribosylation, a covalent modification carried out by the gene sirt4. This regulation is relaxed in response to caloric restriction and low blood glucose. Under these circumstances, glutamate dehydrogenase activity is raised in order to increase the amount of α-ketoglutarate produced, which can be used to provide energy by being used in the citric acid cycle to ultimately produce ATP.

In microbes, the activity is controlled by the concentration of ammonium and or the like-sized rubidium ion, which binds to an allosteric site on GLDH and changes the Km (Michaelis constant) of the enzyme.

The control of GLDH through ADP-ribosylation is particularly important in insulin-producing β cells. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to an increase in the ATP:ADP ratio, and, as amino acids are broken down by GLDH into α-ketoglutarate, this ratio rises and more insulin is secreted. SIRT4 is necessary to regulate the metabolism of amino acids as a method of controlling insulin secretion and regulating blood glucose levels.

Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase was found to be regulated by nucleotides in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Carl Frieden. In addition to describing the effects of nucleotides like ADP, ATP and GTP he described in detail the different kinetic behavior of NADH and NADPH. As such it was one of the earliest enzymes to show what was later described as allosteric behavior.

The activation of mammalian GDH by L-leucine and some other hydrophobic amino acids has also been long known, however localization of the binding site was not clear. Only recently the new allosteric binding site for L-leucine was identified in a mammalian enzyme.

Mutations which alter the allosteric binding site of GTP cause permanent activation of glutamate dehydrogenase, and lead to hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome.

Regulation
Allosteric regulation:

This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.

Allosteric inhibitors:
 * Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
 * Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
 * Palmitoyl-CoA
 * Zn2+

Activators:
 * Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
 * Leucine
 * l-isoleucine
 * l-valine
 * Guanosine diphosphate

Other Inhibitors:
 * EGCG

Additionally, Mice GLDH shows substrate inhibition by which GLDH activity decreases at high glutamate concentrations.

Isozymes
Humans express the following glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes:

title: Glutamate dehydrogenase


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eastern technical highschool

Eastern technical highschool was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete, 1 vote to keep. Postdlf 04:10, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Eastern technical highschool
Entry doesn't establish notability. — Bill 21:38, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Entry merely establishes that the original author doesn't use a spellchecker. Delete. Average Earthman 13:23, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't meet high bar for preuniversity school notability --Improv 18:00, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable school. Fire Star 23:03, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete. All these "magnet" schools must be affecting the students' brainwaves. --Ianb 23:06, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep this. Schools are notable. Notability is not a deletion criteria. Intrigue 20:34, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Neinstedt

Neinstedt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, in the Harz area. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the town Thale. It has a station on the Magdeburg–Thale railway.

title: Neinstedt


text:
Crossfire (disambiguation)

A crossfire is a military term for the siting of weapons so that their arcs of fire overlap.

Crossfire may also refer to:

Comics and manga

 * Crossfire (Eclipse Comics), a hero in the DNAgents universe
 * Crossfire (comics), a supervillain in the Marvel Comics fictional Marvel Universe
 * Crossfire (Batman: Gotham Knight)
 * Crossfire (manga), a series by Kouta Hirano

Film

 * Crossfire (film), 1947 film noir starring Robert Mitchum
 * Cross Fire (film), a 1933 Western film

Gaming

 * Crossfire (board game), a board game created by the Milton Bradley Company in 1971
 * Crossfire (miniatures game), a tabletop wargaming system (1996)
 * Crossfire (1981 video game), a 1981 video game created by Jay Sullivan
 * Super Airwolf (1991 video game), localized in the US as Cross Fire
 * Crossfire (1992 video game), an open source multiplayer online computer role-playing game developed in 1992
 * Crossfire (series), a video game series created by Smilegate
 * Crossfire (2007 video game), an online multiplayer first-person shooter game first released in 2007
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire, a PlayStation 3 launch title
 * Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire, an expansion pack for Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri

Literature

 * Crossfire (novel), a 1998 novel by Miyuki Miyabe
 * Crossfire (2007 novel), a novel by ex-SAS soldier Andy McNab
 * Cross Fire (novel), a novel by James Patterson
 * Crossfire, the fifth book in the Noughts & Crosses novel series by Malorie Blackman
 * Crossfire, a series of novels by Sylvia Day
 * Crossfire: The Plot that Killed Kennedy, a 1989 work by Jim Marrs

Albums

 * Cross Fire (Music Revelation Ensemble album), 1997 album from James Blood Ulmer's Music Revelation Ensemble
 * Cross Fire (Spinners album), 1984 album from American soul vocal group The Spinners

Bands

 * Crossfire (band), an Australian jazz fusion ensemble
 * CrossFire (folk band), a French folk rock and blues duo
 * The Crossfires, a surf instrumental band that later became The Turtles

Songs

 * "Crossfire" (Brandon Flowers song), 2010
 * “Crossfire”, a song by 311 from Voyager, 2019
 * "Crossfire", a song by The Bellamy Brothers, 1977
 * "Crossfire", a song by Die Krupps from II - The Final Option, 1993
 * "Crossfire", a song by Jethro Tull from A, 1980
 * "Crossfire", a song by Scorpions from Love at First Sting, 1984
 * “Crossfire”, a song by Stephen from Sincerely, 2015
 * "Crossfire", a song by Stevie Ray Vaughan from In Step, 1989
 * "The Crossfire", a song by Polaris from Fatalism, 2023

Television

 * Crossfire (Canadian TV program), a 1955 Canadian current affairs television program that aired on CBC
 * Crossfire (American TV program), a 1982-2005 and 2013-2014 nightly American current events debate television program that aired on CNN.
 * Crossfire (British TV programme), a 1984–2004 UK current affairs programme that aired on Grampian Television (STV)
 * Crossfire (British TV series), a 2022 UK thriller, written by Louise Doughty
 * "Crossfire" (Castle), the final episode of Castle
 * "Crossfire" (Homeland), an episode from the first season of Showtime series Homeland
 * "Crossfire" (Smallville episode), from the ninth season of the TV series
 * "Crossfire" (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), an episode from the fourth season of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * "Crossfire" (Supergirl), a season 2 episode of the TV series
 * XFire (TV series), a UK reality/TV game show (pronounced Crossfire)

Other uses

 * AMD CrossFire, AMD's method for connecting video cards
 * Chrysler Crossfire, an automobile, model years 2004-2008
 * Crossfire (G.I. Joe), a radio-controlled G.I. Joe vehicle
 * Public forum debate, also known as crossfire debate
 * cross-fire, a method of locomotion for an animal
 * Crossfire (Bangladesh), extrajudicial killings by law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh
 * CrossFire, a cross-platform crossword puzzle construction software by Beekeeper Labs
 * Washington Crossfire, an amateur soccer team based near Seattle, Washington, U.S.

title: Crossfire (disambiguation)


text: Category:Allegany County, New York

title: Category:Allegany County, New York


text:
Downpatrick and County Down Railway

The Downpatrick and County Down Railway (DCDR) is a 5 foot, 3 inch (1,600 mm) gauge heritage railway in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is operated by volunteers and runs passenger trains using steam and diesel locomotives, diesel railcars, and vintage carriages. The railway has approximately three miles (4.8 km) of track in a triangular-shaped layout, which connects the town of Downpatrick with the historical sites of Inch Abbey to the north and King Magnus’ Grave to the south. It also houses a museum of railway artefacts and rolling stock originating from both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, dating from the 1860s to the 1980s.

The DCDR’s development was spearheaded by a group of local railway enthusiasts in the early 1980s, and work started on building the railway in 1985. Most of its track is on part of the now-closed Belfast and County Down Railway (BCDR) mainline which ran between Belfast, Downpatrick, and Newcastle. The heritage railway first opened to the public in December 1987, and originally consisted of little more than a short stretch of track with an E-class diesel locomotive and a brake van. It has expanded incrementally since then, and reached its current length with the completion of the Inch Abbey line in 2005.

The DCDR is the only five-foot, three-inch gauge heritage railway in Ireland, which has been the standard gauge on the island since the 1840s. With its Downpatrick terminus located at the foot of Down Cathedral and next to the Saint Patrick Centre, the railway has become a major tourist attraction for the town and has accumulated several hundred members. It currently has three steam and eight diesel locomotives, five of which are on loan from the Irish Traction Group, as well as the largest collection of Victorian railway carriages in Ireland. Some of these have been overhauled by the railway’s volunteers from a dilapidated state, and have received awards for their restoration.

Belfast and County Down Railway
The first railway in Downpatrick was opened to the public in March 1859, with the completion of the Belfast and County Down Railway mainline from Belfast Queen's Quay. Downpatrick's railway facilities included a substantial station building on Market Street, a two-road train shed, a goods store, an engine shed, and a turntable. The line was constructed under the management of the BCDR's chief engineer Sir John Macneill, and included a bridge over the marshy estuary of the River Quoile, just outside Downpatrick. The original bridge consisted of lattice trusses supported by timber piles driven into the riverbed, and was replaced with a steel girder bridge in 1929. As it was built on the floodplain of the River Quoile, the line towards Downpatrick often suffered from flooding, particularly during the winter months.

The railway originally terminated at Downpatrick, but in 1869 a separate company, the Downpatrick, Dundrum and Newcastle Railway, built an extension from Downpatrick to the seaside town of Newcastle. The Newcastle line was operated by the BCDR and purchased by them in 1881. The extension created an inconvenience wherein a train running between Belfast and Newcastle had to stop in Downpatrick and uncouple its locomotive, which moved via a run-round loop to the other end of the train in order to continue its journey. This significantly increased journey times and caused excessive congestion at the Downpatrick terminus.

The opportunity arose in 1892 to end this cumbersome practice with the opening of the Downpatrick, Killough and Ardglass Railway and, with it, Downpatrick Loop Platform. The Ardglass line was built and operated by the BCDR, and branched off from their mainline about a kilometre south of Downpatrick station. In conjunction with this, a loop line was constructed to directly link the Newcastle and Belfast lines, with the Loop Platform located at the South Junction. This enabled Newcastle-bound trains from Belfast (and vice versa) to bypass the main Downpatrick station, and instead call at the Loop Platform where passengers intending for Downpatrick or Ardglass could board a local train. Meanwhile, the mainline train could carry on without having to run around. This resulted in an unusual triangular-shaped layout, the trackbed of which forms the basis of most of the DCDR's operational railway line.

Decline and closure of the Belfast – Newcastle Line
Following the 1945 Ballymacarrett rail crash and the resultant £80,000 (the equivalent of over £3,530,000 in 2020) it had to pay in compensation, the BCDR was financially ruined. This was a deciding factor in the nationalisation of the company, which became part of the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) in 1948. The UTA's railways were in need of significant investment following years of underfunding during World War II; as a result, Northern Ireland's devolved government established a tribunal to determine the future of its public transport system. In December 1949 the tribunal authorised the closure of all ex-BCDR lines except the Bangor branch, as part of an effort to avoid excess expenditure on railway maintenance and to divert assets towards improving the UTA's road services.

The entire Belfast – Newcastle line south of Comber, including Downpatrick, was closed on Sunday 15 January 1950. The track and almost all of the railway infrastructure was removed in 1953, and the station was used by the UTA's bus division, which became Ulsterbus in 1968. Most of the trackbed along the line was sold by the UTA to private individuals who owned adjoining land: the trackbed in the Downpatrick area was sold to Charles Mulholland, 3rd Baron Dunleath, and was left largely undisturbed until the arrival of the DCDR. Although the 1929-built Quoile Bridge was dismantled for scrap, the Loop Platform and several smaller nearby bridges were left intact. The station building was demolished shortly after Ulsterbus moved to a new depot in the town in 1975, and part of the former station yard was used as a storage depot by the Department of the Environment's Road Service.

Heritage Railway
Local architect Gerry Cochrane M.B.E. was inspired to start the scheme after taking a walk along the route of the line, and by 1982 had gained support to rebuild part of the line as a heritage steam railway from the local council. Lord Dunleath, whose father had purchased the railway trackbed adjacent to his estate after the closure of the BCDR in Downpatrick, gave the newly formed society a package of land on which to build the line and station for a peppercorn rent. This was on the approaches to the old Downpatrick station, which had been demolished in the 1970s. Work started on rebuilding the railway in 1985, with public trains finally running in the town again in Friday 4 December 1987, making it the first Irish gauge heritage railway in Ireland to carry passengers over its own track. Track has been relaid on nearly 6 km (4 mi) of Belfast and County Down Railway trackbed, and a 1.6 km (1 mi) extension south to the hamlet of Ballydugan is planned.

The railway began life as the Downpatrick & Ardglass Railway, as the original intention was to extend the railway to this fishing port on the south coast of County Down. This name was dropped in 1996 following the abandonment of this proposal and the railway was renamed the Downpatrick Railway Museum until 2005 when the new name, Downpatrick & County Down Railway was adopted following the opening of the Inch Abbey extension.

Between March 2020 and July 2022 (apart from a temporary resumption of service during Christmas 2021) the railway was closed to the public due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Volunteers continued work throughout the closure period, and normal service resumed on 16 July 2022

The railway was once again closed to the public in November 2023, after excessive rainfall during Storm Ciarán submerged the entire site under 3 - 6ft of floodwater for nearly a week. The railway remains closed until further notice whilst volunteers assess and repair the damage caused by the flood to rolling stock and infrastructure.

Operations
Approximately three miles (4.8 km) of Irish standard gauge track are open, along which the 1950s-60s era diesel locomotives are run, drawing preserved rolling stock. Passenger trains are usually operated with brake/generator standard class coach 3223, which was built in 1954 by Córas Iompair Éierann, brake/standard class coach 728, which was built in 1951 by the Ulster Transport Authority, and Park Royal brake/standard class coach 1944, also built in 1954 by Córas Iompair Éierann. Stock is added to or withdrawn from the 'running set' as maintenance allows. Older carriages built by the Great Southern and Western Railway and Belfast and County Down Railway were operated on the line, but as 1950s/1960s stock became available the DCDR moved these vintage carriages inside for overhaul and display. These vintage coaches are now used on a select few special running days, such as European Heritage Open Days and for private contracts, as they are too historically important for everyday wear and tear.

The railway also aims to have an at least partially operational mechanical signalling system, using the preserved King's Bog and Bundoran Junction signal cabins along with multiple semaphores that are on the site. Related to this is the Double Track Project, which will allow simultaneous operation on the North and South lines.

Every year, the DCDR operates the following trains:
 * Saint Patrick's Day Specials, which are held on Saint Patrick's Day and operate to Inch Abbey.
 * Easter Specials, which take place over a couple of days around the Easter Period, and operate to Inch Abbey.
 * May Day Specials, which take place on May Day and operate to Inch Abbey.
 * Summer Specials, which take place every weekend during summer and operate to Inch Abbey. Some of these days involve special events, as well as an annual diesel day.
 * EHOD Days, which run in conjunction with the last Summer Specials weekend. These offer visitors free cab rides in a diesel as well as behind-the-scenes tours.
 * Halloween Specials, which take place on the weekend prior to, and on, Halloween night, and operate to Magnus' Grave.
 * Santa Specials, which take place on the weekend prior to Christmas, and operate to the Loop Platform.
 * Mince Pie Specials, which take place on either the last or last weekend of the year, and operate to Magnus' Grave or Inch Abbey - these are usually diesel-hauled.

Bank Holidays, shunts, private charters and film contracts make for extra trains throughout the year too.

On operating days, visitors have access to the BCDR Museum which is housed upstairs in Downpatrick railway station, the Downpatrick East signal cabin, a model railway room, the workshop viewing area (Where carriages can be seen undergoing restoration) and the Carriage Gallery.

A gift shop and buffet carriage, the latter of which will be parked at Inch Abbey or Downpatrick Loop Platform railway station, are open on operating days.

Stations

 * Downpatrick Station is the principal station on the DCDR network, where all passenger trains originate from. It has two platforms, though one of these is currently out of use. The original BCDR station was sited on Market Street, but was demolished and replaced by a supermarket before the DCDR was established.
 * Downpatrick Loop Platform has no road access, which helped it to escape demolition in the 1950s. It serves as the interchange point between the DCDR's South and Loop lines. Downpatrick Loop has two platforms.
 * King Magnus' Halt is the current terminus of the South Line. It has one platform and serves the grave of Viking King Magnus Barefoot, a site previously inaccessible before the arrival of the railway. Magnus Halt was not an original BCDR station, though it is located at the site of the BCDR's Ardglass Junction.
 * Inch Abbey Halt is the current terminus of the North Line. It has two platforms and serves the ruins of Inch Abbey. The station was not part of the BCDR, as it is located on a short deviation away from the original trackbed.

Buildings & Structures
Several of the railway's buildings, including its engine shed and two signal cabins, are original railway structures that were first erected in different parts Northern Ireland and later rebuilt brick-by-brick at Downpatrick.

 * Downpatrick Station Building was originally the town's Gas Manager's House, sited across the road from the DCDR and moved over brick-by-brick.
 * Downpatrick Signal Cabin, a BNCR structure, was moved brick-by-brick from Kingsbog Junction on the Belfast–Derry line.
 * Downpatrick East Signal Cabin, a GNR structure, was originally Bundoran Junction's North Cabin. It was moved to DCDR in 2011 and opened to the public in 2017.
 * Downpatrick Locomotive Shed, a BNCR structure, was moved stone-by-stone from Maghera where it was originally the goods shed.
 * Downpatrick Station Canopy was originally attached to the Maghera Shed.
 * Downpatrick Water Tower was moved from Antrim station.
 * The Arch, which spans the main gate, bears the name of the railway and is based on an original design at Cookstown.
 * Bridges 163 & 164 are original BCDR bridges, and carry the Back and South lines respectively across a narrow stream.
 * Downpatrick Loop Platform and Canopy are the only BCDR buildings left in Downpatrick.
 * The Cutting is just beyond the limit of passenger operations on the South Line. It carries trains up a slight gradient, with vertical retaining walls on either side.
 * The Quoile Bridge is the longest bridge on the DCDR. It carries the North Line over the River Quoile, and though the spans are newly fabricated, the concrete centre pier is original.

Carriage Gallery
Completed in 2012, the Carriage Gallery is the DCDR's museum with rolling stock that is not being used to run public trains during their visit. Like the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, the Carriage Gallery houses vehicles in an indoors environment where the public can get up close and learn about both the vehicles in question, and Irish railways in general. Despite its name, the Carriage Gallery also contains locomotives, both steam and diesel, and even a road-going tar boiler. Designed in homage to the Victorian railway termini with their grand overall roofs, the Gallery collection is arranged across 3 roads with 4 platform faces, allowing visitors the chance to enter the vehicles. The condition of the exhibits ranges from fully restored to as-discovered so that visitors can appreciate the huge work required, with some carriages still in the hen-house state they were found in on farms across the country.

The Carriage Gallery was officially opened by the Earl Of Wessex in 2014.

Overview
The railway hosts eight diesel locomotives, seven diesel railcar sets, twenty-four carriages, thirty-eight wagons and four permanent way vehicles, making for a total of eighty-three railway vehicles. If the railcar constituent coaches are considered as individual carriages, the total is 87 vehicles.

Engines
At present Two E Class diesels, Nos. E421 and E432, were acquired in 1986, with E421 working the Society's first passenger trains. However, the E Class could not start from cold and thus three G Class diesels arrived at the railway to facilitate shunting and works trains - one was purchased privately by a volunteer from Westrail, and two are on long-term loan from the Irish Traction Group (ITG). The ITG also loans three mainline diesels to the railway - CIÉ A class No.A39R (arrived 22 November 2009), 141 class No. 146 (arrived 27 November 2010) and 201 Class No. C231. (arrived 7 June 2014).

Railcars
Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway Railcar B, built in 1947, was donated to the railway by Iarnród Éireann in 2006. This railcar arrived in poor condition and it will be some time before the DCDR can return it to operational condition. Prototype BR-Leyland railbus, RB3, which was modified in the early 1980s to run on Irish metals and was used for a period by Northern Ireland Railways, was acquired by DCDR in 2001, with the hope of using it to run midweek trains as it did not require as large a crew as locomotive-hauled trains. However, due to several faults inherent with the prototype Railbus' design, this did not come to fruition. Three more ex-NIR railcars are owned by DCDR, comprising the last 450 Class, 458 Antrim Castle, which arrived in 2014 and has been converted to a buffet train, and two 80 class railcars which arrived in 2018.

Carriages
There are four main 'carriage rakes'. These are:

 * Old Buffet: Conventional 1950s carriages formerly used as the buffet train and Santa's Grotto during the Autumn and Winter months. Shown in pink on the tables below.
 * New Buffet: A 450 Class railcar and DBSO used as the buffet train during the Spring and Summer months. Shown in blue on the tables below.
 * Everyday Running Set: 1950s carriages used during most running days. Shown in green on the tables below.
 * Vintage Running Set: Antique carriages (Edwardian period or earlier) normally on display in the Carriage Gallery, but brought into service for special events. Shown in brown on the table below.

The everyday running set currently consists of CIÉ 1944 and UTA 728, with generator van CIÉ 3223 being added for Autumn/Winter operations to provide heat and light. On special days, the Vintage Set is used, consisting of BCDR Nos. 72 and 148, and GSWR 836. 836 is also sometimes added to the everyday running set on very busy days, creating a high-capacity rake along with 1944 and 728 capable of seating over 200 people. The buffet set is publicly accessible on running days when it is parked in a platform (the New Buffet at Inch Abbey during Spring and Summer, and the Old Buffet at the Loop Platform in Autumn and Winter).

The remainder of the carriage fleet is considerably varied, with a mix of six- and four-wheeled and bogie carriages, and representatives from virtually every time period and Irish gauge railway company - including the BCDR (The DCDR owns 5 of the 6 extant BCDR carriages), GNR, GSWR, GSR, UTA, NIR, CIÉ, and most significantly, the Ulster Railway, which is represented by No. 33, the sole surviving UR vehicle and Ulster's oldest carriage. Other notable carriages are BCDR Railmotor No. 72 and Royal Saloon No. 153, both of Ireland's extant Travelling Post Offices and the last AEC railcar. Two carriages, GSWR No.'s 1097 and 1287, arrived at the railway in the mid-2000s on loan from RPSI, though ownership was later transferred to DCDR.

Wagons
The DCDR also has a large selection of wagons, goods vans and underframes. Ex-NCC brake van No. 33 was the railway's first passenger-carrying vehicle. Included in the railway's wagon fleet is the most powerful steam crane in Ireland, NCC No. 3084. As the wagons do not contribute to bringing in revenue like engines and carriages, most are in storage except for a small few in use by the railway's Permanent Way or Locomotive Departments. In time, DCDR hopes to construct a dedicated goods shed in order to finally give its wagons a permanent home. In August 2022, a complete ballast train composed of three hoppers and a plough van were delivered to the railway from North Wall, Dublin across two days, supported by Iarnród Éireann.

A small fleet of permanent way vehicles, all acquired from NIR, and some road/rail on-track plant are used by the railway's Permanent Way department.

Awards

 * National Railway Heritage Awards: Ian Allan Railway Heritage Award (First Class): Received in 1992 in recognition of Downpatrick Station Building.
 * Northern Ireland Tourist Board and British Airways Tourism Awards (Highly commended): Received for 'Best Project', December 1999.
 * Heritage Railway Association Carriage and Wagon Award (Highly commended): Received in 1999 in recognition of GSWR carriage No. 836.
 * Down District Council Tourism Heroes Award: Received in May 2008.
 * Co-operation Ireland Pride Of Place Award: Received in November 2012.
 * Heritage Railway Association Annual Small Groups Award: Received in 2014 in recognition of its involvement of young people and its excellent building and museum development.
 * Heritage Railway Association Carriage and Wagon Award: Received in 2019 in recognition of the restoration of BCDR railmotor No. 72.
 * Ulster Architectural Heritage Society Heritage Angel Awards (Highly commended): Received in October 2019 in recognition of the restoration of Bundoran Junction North signal cabin.
 * National Railway Heritage Awards: Abellio Signalling Award (Highly commended): Received in December 2019 in recognition of the restoration of Bundoran Junction North signal cabin.
 * Heritage Railway Association Lord Faulkner Young Volunteer Award: Received in February 2024, runner-up in March 2022.

Television and film appearances

 * Children in Need Quiet Man Spoof (BBC One NI, 2001)
 * Puckoon (2002)
 * Flight to Freedom (BBC One NI, 2005)
 * Rain (2005)
 * A Potted History of Armagh (BBC One NI, 2006)
 * Raising Steam, a 40-minute documentary of which the DCDR was the subject (BBC One NI, 2008)
 * Our Wee World (BBC One NI/Barking Films, 2010)
 * Christopher and His Kind, starring Matt Smith (BBC2/Mammoth Screen, 2011)
 * Wodehouse in Exile, starring Tim Pigott-Smith and Paul Ritter (BBC 4, 2013)
 * Walk the Line (Barra Best, BBC NI, 2014)
 * The Lost City of Z, starring Robert Pattinson and Tom Holland (2015)
 * A Patch of Fog, starring Stephen Graham (2015)
 * The Woman in White (BBC, 2017)
 * The Last Letter (BBC NI, 2018)
 * Mrs Wilson (BBC, 2018)
 * Agatha and the Truth of Murder (Channel 5, 2018)
 * Extreme Railways, starring Chris Tarrant (Channel 5, 2019)
 * Derry Girls (Channel 4, 2022)

title: Downpatrick and County Down Railway


text: Category:Czech journalists

title: Category:Czech journalists


text:
Weddersleben

Weddersleben is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, in the Harz area. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the town Thale.

The village is well known for being located adjacent to the famed natural rock formation known as the Teufelsmauer, or "Devil's Wall" in English. Surrounding forest area has numerous paths for biking and hiking, making it a popular tourist destination for nature seekers. Among the many natural formations in the area, the Bode River flows by the edges of the village.

title: Weddersleben


text:
Gem Archer

Colin Murray "Gem" Archer ( ; born 7 December 1966) is an English guitarist and singer. He is best known as a member of the rock bands Oasis, Beady Eye and Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, making him, alongside Chris Sharrock, one of the only members of Oasis to have been part of both Liam and Noel Gallagher's post-Oasis projects. He is also known for his work with Heavy Stereo.

Archer joined Oasis as rhythm guitarist in November 1999, and handled lead guitar for acoustic songs as well. He also contributed to the writing of some of the band's songs. Oasis broke up in August 2009, but in November 2009, Liam Gallagher announced he was writing new material with Archer as well as other ex-Oasis members excluding his brother Noel, under the name Beady Eye. After two albums with Beady Eye, 2011's Different Gear, Still Speeding and 2013's BE, the band officially disbanded in October 2014. In 2017, Archer joined Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds as lead guitarist, thus reuniting with former Oasis member Noel Gallagher.

The Edge and The Contenders
Archer began his musical career in a group called The Edge in the early 1980s. They released two singles, "Take a Walk" and "Little Girl Blue". In early 1987, he was part of a band called The Contenders. He then formed Whirlpool in 1991 and signed to Food Records and EMI Publishing. Simon Scott was also involved on a live basis playing keyboards and back-up vocals. After gigging around the UK and recording for 18 months the group folded. This laid the foundations for Heavy Stereo, with Gem taking over the role of singer.

Heavy Stereo
Archer formed Heavy Stereo with bassist Nez and guitarist Pete Downing both previously of Redcar indie band 2 Lost Sons who were subsequently signed with Creation Records. The band's only album, 1996's Déjà Voodoo, did not enjoy much critical or commercial success. However, Heavy Stereo's next release did receive more attention through demos of new material, a critically acclaimed contribution to The Jam tribute album, Fire and Skill: The Songs of the Jam, and opening on a Paul Weller tour.

Oasis
Whilst at home in Durham, having returned to care for his mother, Archer – lying in front of the fire – heard a report on The Big Breakfast that Bonehead had left Oasis after a massive row with Noel Gallagher. He claims "I thought, Shit! They'll split now. I was a real fan, and I'm not just saying that. For me, Oasis had breathed life back into rock 'n' roll." He was unaware that Noel Gallagher – who knew Archer from both their days on the Creation Records label – had rung his home in London where it was Archer's son Joel's birthday party. Once Archer's mother had recovered, Gallagher invited him to Olympic Studios, where Oasis were mixing Standing on the Shoulder of Giants. "We went to the pub and I couldn't stand not knowing if I was a part of the band. After less than half a pint of Guinness I said, 'What does Liam say?' And Noel said, 'It's my f*cking band. I'll have who I want.'" Archer claims the rest of Heavy Stereo were pleased for him to join Oasis.

Since Archer did not perform on the Giants album, he received no royalties and, for the first few performances, was paid a standard session wage, about £85 a gig, as the new Oasis rhythm guitarist. His first official duty was to appear on the "Go Let It Out" video – on which he played lead guitar, as Andy Bell had yet to take over bass, so Noel played bass with Liam on acoustic guitar and vocals. Archer played his first rhythm guitar set at a session for alternative radio in Philadelphia.

Though Archer was officially referred to as Oasis' rhythm guitarist, his role in Oasis was much more than that. In live settings, he and Noel often switched between lead and rhythm guitar and both Noel and Liam Gallagher have praised Archer for his contributions in the studio. Archer also had a role as a songwriter. His first songwriting contribution after joining Oasis was "Hung in a Bad Place", which appeared on Oasis' fifth album Heathen Chemistry. This song was picked up for use in a commercial for Victoria's Secret in the US. His role was expanded on Oasis' sixth studio album, Don't Believe the Truth, which features Archer's "A Bell Will Ring" and "Love Like a Bomb", the latter of which he co-wrote with singer Liam Gallagher. He also contributed the B-sides "Eyeball Tickler" and "The Quiet Ones" – an acoustic song. He also wrote "To Be Where There's Life" on the 2008 album Dig Out Your Soul. Archer has said that he found it quite daunting to submit songs for consideration to the band because of Noel Gallagher's stature as a songwriter, whom he cites as one of his favourite songwriters. Archer, in rare occasions, contributed backing vocals to Oasis songs, such as on "The Meaning of Soul", "Force of Nature", and on the band's cover of The Who's "My Generation", played piano on "Stop Crying Your Heart Out" and harmonica on "Mucky Fingers".

Andy Bell highlighted Archer's significance to Oasis, saying "Oasis has completely evolved. Noel's old mates have left, he's been divorced and really changed his own life around. He still has Liam but his relationship with Liam is different – it's more tempestuous. He needs a less extreme mate and Gem's it. Gem chills Noel out. And that makes Oasis a more stable ship."

Although Noel Gallagher departed Oasis, Archer and he remained friends, and teamed up for a charity concert at the Royal Albert Hall.

Beady Eye
Noel Gallagher quit Oasis in August 2009, following an argument with his brother in Paris. Gallagher placed part of the blame for his decision to leave on Archer, and Andy Bell, for a lack of support saying "the lack of support and understanding from my... band mates has left me with no other option than to get me cape and seek pastures new." Soon afterwards the band announced they had split. However, Archer, Bell, Liam Gallagher and Oasis live drummer Chris Sharrock resolved to work together on a new project under a new name, Beady Eye. While Noel Gallagher maintains a friendship with Archer, as well as Oasis drummer Chris Sharrock, he claims that he has not spoken with his brother Liam or former Oasis bassist Andy Bell.

Archer contributed guitar, bass and backing vocals to Beady Eye's debut album Different Gear, Still Speeding, released on 28 February 2011.

Archer also contributed guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals on Beady Eye's second album BE, released on 10 June 2013.

On 25 October 2014, Liam Gallagher announced, via Twitter, that Beady Eye had disbanded.

Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds
In December 2015, Archer appeared with Noel Gallagher at an acoustic gig in Lincoln on 6 December 2015, followed by an appearance for BBC Radio 2 the following night.

In October 2016, Gem joined Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds for their performance of "Half the World Away" dedicated to Caroline Aherne for Channel 4's Stand Up to Cancer telethon; leading to speculation he had become a permanent member of the band.

In July 2017, it was confirmed that Gem had become a permanent member of Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds.

Other work
Outside of Oasis, Archer has collaborated with a few other artists, most notably Paul Weller. He has contributed acoustic guitar to the song 'One x One' on Weller's 2002 album Illumination and guitars and mellotron to the song 'Echoes Round The Sun on Weller's 2008 album 22 Dreams. He participated in an acoustic tour of the US with Weller when Steve Cradock of Ocean Colour Scene was unavailable, and provided guitar and backing vocals at the 2010 NME Awards when Weller performed a live set having received the 'Godlike Genius Award'.

He also contributed guitar to David Holmes' 1997 album Let's Get Killed.

He also assisted Noel Gallagher in producing the first Proud Mary album, a band signed to Gallagher's Sour Mash record label.

According to album notes, Gem also worked with his good friend and previous Oasis and Beady Eye colleague Andy Bell on his debut solo Album (not under the “Glok” alias) called “The View from Halfway Down”, contributing some drums, bass and guitar tracks, and also providing some of the recording work.

Personal life
On 1 August 2013, Archer was admitted to hospital with serious head trauma and a fractured skull after a freak accident at home, by falling down a flight of stairs. After several scans, to ensure that there was no long-term effects, Beady Eye's V-Festival act was cancelled, so that he could be kept under observation. He was later said to be in a stable condition.

He was married to Lou and is father to Joel and Libby. On 26 November 2022, he married Christine Mary Biller during a ceremony in London, England.

title: Gem Archer


text:
User:Jic

JIC stands for José Inácio Coelho

A guy from ancients 8 bits computers age

His usual mail signature is a campaign to make the net a better and human place

That't it: --  __/      Campanha do Chimarrão Virtual >==< Por amizade, cordialidade, virtude \ / hombridade e hospitalidade na rede \/

title: User:Jic


text:
Don't Hang Up, Tough Guy!

Don't Hang Up, Tough Guy! is a collection of prank calls and improvised skits performed by the Jerky Boys around New York City. Locations included the MTV intern offices, a double-decker bus tour, pay phones and supermarket intercoms. The prank calls involved training a hidden video camera on the receiving phone line. The Jerky Boys would then prank the person answering the phone from offscreen and record the subjects' responses. It was released on VHS for MTV Productions on July 4, 1995.

title: Don't Hang Up, Tough Guy!


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elfrid Sundqvist

Elfrid Sundqvist
We just had this under another name about a week ago. Hoax, or at least Min Gut Sniffer Ratz. — Bill 21:45, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Lubbock County, Texas

title: Category:Lubbock County, Texas


text: User talk:202.184.252.5

title: User talk:202.184.252.5