text:
User talk:Mkrupnic

Welcome
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 21:37, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Jeremy Mirkola
Just a friendly word, dude. I don't know why you created this page but you had the minor edit box checked. Sometimes people do that hoping that it will escape the notice of watchers when they create a new page. But it's a big no-no because New is not Minor. I'm not saying that's what you did but it's what some people are going to think. Take care.Dr Zen 09:15, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't fret too much about it. No one can mind an honest mistake. Dr Zen 11:08, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Randi Rhodes Show
Sorry about the mistake in the edit summary, I did not revert your changes, I simply typed the wrong username. Thanks for the help with the article, any future help will be extremely welcome, (most especially making history more comprehensive) AdamJacobMuller T@lk Sun Oct 31 00:37:16 GMT 2004

Hi
Hi Michael, nice to see your entries on Wikipedia. I have added some (Jewish) categories to them. Also, as I was told, the sign should be placed at the bottom of the pages. Best wishes with writing at Wikipedia. Shalom! IZAK 10:40, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Alpha Sig
Thanks! I am currently an undergraduate member of Epsilon Chapter at Ohio Wesleyan University. When I get some time I plan on updating the Alpha Sig entry a little more... BryanD 04:32, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:TheStateTVlogo.gif
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Your contact info
Hi Mkrupnic: You have not enabled your Wikipedia Email feature in your "my preferences" at the top of your user page. Sometimes editors overlook that when it's a useful way of staying in touch with other editors. Best wishes. IZAK 18:38, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Stevens category/userbox
Saw you on the Stevens talk page, and thought you might be interested in the following: Category:Wikipedians by alma mater: Stevens Institute of Technology. I created it a while back because I was tired of seeing Stevens without a Wikipedian category (apathy, maybe?), but as I am still the only member, I guess nobody has managed to find it on their own, so I'm advertising! I made a userbox, too (User Stevens Tech), but judging by your user page, that might not interest you as much... --Fru1tbat 21:18, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Work circle.gif
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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 21:17, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

New Hope Integrated Behavioral Health Care moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, New Hope Integrated Behavioral Health Care, is not suitable as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. ... disco spinster   talk  20:46, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:New Hope Integrated Behavioral Health Care
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Your draft article, Draft:New Hope Integrated Behavioral Health Care

Hello, Mkrupnic. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "New Hope Integrated Behavioral Health Care".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 22:15, 23 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mkrupnic


text:
Portraits of Vincent van Gogh

The portraits of Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) include self-portraits, portraits of him by other artists, and photographs—one of which is dubious—of the Dutch artist. Van Gogh's dozens of self-portraits were an important part of his œuvre as a painter. Most probably, van Gogh's self-portraits are depicting the face as it appeared in the mirror he used to reproduce his face, i.e. his right side in the image is in reality the left side of his face.

1885
On July 14, 2022, an almost certainly authentic self-portrait of van Gogh was uncovered under his 1885 painting "Head of a peasant woman". Lesley Stevenson, a conservator at the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, discovered it during an X-ray examination of their existing pieces. It shows a bearded van Gogh in a brimmed hat and a neckerchief around his throat. His left ear was clearly visible. The portrait is covered under layers of cardboard and glue, which experts are searching for ways to remove in order to confirm its authenticity. They believe it was painted when van Gogh moved to France and learnt about the work of the impressionists there, an experience that influenced his more colourful and expressive style that is much admired today. Van Gogh was known to often reuse his canvases or work on their reverse in order to save money. The X-ray image will be featured at a Royal Scottish Academy exhibit in Edinburgh and displayed using a specially made lightbox.

Paris 1886
The first self-portrait by van Gogh that survived is dated 1886.

Saint-Rémy
All the self-portraits executed in Saint-Rémy show the artist's head from the left, i.e. the side with non-mutilated ear.

Auvers-sur-Oise
No self-portraits were executed by van Gogh in Auvers-sur-Oise, during the final weeks of his life.

Remarks

 * F208a: Self-Portrait with Dark Felt Hat is amongst the earliest of van Gogh's self-portraits. It was discovered late in the family collection and was not exhibited before 1945. Opinions differ about the date and place of its execution. De la Faille thought it painted in Antwerp before 1886, while Hulsker thought it painted in Paris in spring 1886. Hendriks and Tilborgh opt for autumn 1886, based on its resemblance to van Gogh's work that winter when he began to embrace Neo-impressionism. X-ray analysis reveals a nude figure study below. Since students did not work from nude models at Antwerp, this places the painting as executed in Paris where van Gogh had enrolled in Fernand Cormon's atelier. There is no other work in van Gogh's oeuvre which complements this portrait, which has led to some authors such as Dorn questioning its authenticity. However Hendriks and Tilborgh are satisfied that the painting is consistent with others executed at the beginning and end of van Gogh's first year in Paris. Marc Edo Tralbaut, van Gogh's principal biographer, especially valorised the portrait, selecting it for the dust-jacket of his biography and stating that van Gogh had "laid himself bare" for the portrait. Tralbaut notes that van Gogh painted a number of self-portraits at this time, possibly because of his difficulty in getting models to sit for him. He was in poor health and his teeth were falling out, prompting him to grow a moustache to conceal them. At this time he was wearing city-clothes in an effort to stress his middle-class background as he strove to establish a conventional career for himself as an artist.
 * F627: This painting may have been van Gogh's last self-portrait, which he gave to his brother.
 * F525: This painting may have been van Gogh's last self-portrait, which he gave to his mother as a birthday gift. Van Gogh painted Self-Portrait without beard just after he had shaved himself (Hulsker thought it painted in Arles following his admission to hospital after mutilating his ear when he was also shaved, as can be seen in the "bandaged ear" portraits F527 and F529). The painting can be seen in the third (smaller) version of Bedroom in Arles at the Musée d'Orsay. The self-portrait is one of the most expensive paintings of all time, selling for $71.5million in 1998 in New York. At the time, it was the third (or an inflation-adjusted fourth) most expensive painting ever sold.

Provenances

 * F476: Vincent van Gogh, Arles, (1888) gift; to Paul Gauguin, (1888–1897) sold. [Ambroise Vollard, Paris.] [Paul Cassirer Gallery, Berlin.] Hugo von Tschudi, Berlin, (1906–1911), by descent; to his widow, Angela von Tschudi, Munich (1911–1919), to Neue Staatsgalerie, Munich, (1919–1939); removed from the collection by the National Socialist (Nazi) authorities in 1938, (EK16554) consigned; to [Galerie Fischer, Lucerne, Switzerland, sale: Gemälde und Plastiken Moderner Meister aus Deutschen Museen, 30 June 1939, no. 45]; to Maurice Wertheim (1939–1951) bequest; to Fogg Art Museum, 1951. Notes: Gauguin sold the painting for Fr 300, Hugo von Tschudi bought the painting for the Nationalgalerie, Berlin, with funds from sponsors, but did not submit it to the Kaiser for pre-approval. He took the painting to Munich when he assumed post there.

Scandals
In Nazi Germany, Vincent van Gogh's works were among those labelled generally "degenerate art". Several works were seized and sold/or destroyed by NS authorities including the self-portrait dedicated to Paul Gauguin, September 1888, which was seized from the Neue Staatsgalerie in Munich, part of the Bavarian State Paintings Collections, to be sold at auction in 1939 in Lucerne, Switzerland, while other works by van Gogh could remain in this collection, but were kept under lock and key.

Fakes

Almost at the same time as when his Catalogue raisonné was published, Jacob Baart de la Faille had to admit that he had included paintings emerging from dubious sources, and of dubious quality. Shortly after, in 1930, De la Faille rejected some thirty odd paintings, which he had originally included in his catalogue – together with a hundred of others he had already excluded: Self-portraits – and Sunflowers – held a prominent place in the set he now rejected. In 1970, the editors of De la Faille's posthumous manuscript brand marked most of these dubious Self-portraits as forgeries, but could not settle all disputes, at least on one:

 * The Selfportrait 'a l'éstampe japonais', then in the collection of William Goetz, Los Angeles, was included, though all editors refused its authenticity.

Meanwhile, the authenticity of a second "self-portrait" has been challenged:

Note the painter shows his right ear, if painted via a mirror, while Van Gogh cut his left ear.
 * The Selfportrait, 'à l'oreille mutilée', acquired in 1910 for the Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo, had been unanimously rejected by scholars and technical researchers for decades, until provenance research by staff members reported pro domo the contrary. On January 20, 2020 the results of research into this painting were published, and the conclusion was that this is a real Van Gogh painting, painted in the time that he was in a mental institution.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portraits of Vincent van Gogh


text:
Talk:Portraits of Vincent van Gogh

Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe (1889)
What's happedned to this one? Martinevans123 (talk) 15:02, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:38, 26 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Self-Portrait with a Bandaged Ear - Vincent van Gogh.jpg

No coverage of the Oslo Self-portrait?
I added this content to another article, Van Gogh self-portrait (1889); should it not also be covered by this article?

The Oslo Self-Portrait (1889)
Another self-portrait from the same year, often called the Oslo self-portrait because it is owned by the Nasjonalmuseet in Norway, was authenticated in 2020 by the Van Gogh Museum. This painting, with the artist looking sideways, was painted while the artist was in the asylum in Saint-Rémy and is "unmistakeably" his work. The experts believe it was painted after the artist's letter of 22 August 1889 which indicated that he was still "disturbed" but ready to begin painting again but completed prior to his letter of 20 September 20, 1889. In the latter, VanGogh refered to the self-portrait as "an attempt from when I was ill".

The Museum's report stated that "The Oslo self-portrait depicts someone who is mentally ill; his timid, sideways glance is easily recognisable and is often found in patients suffering from depression and psychosis".

title: Talk:Portraits of Vincent van Gogh


text:
Whiskeytown

Whiskeytown was an American alternative country band formed in 1994 from Raleigh, North Carolina. Fronted by Ryan Adams, the group included members Caitlin Cary, Phil Wandscher, Eric "Skillet" Gilmore, and Mike Daly. They disbanded in 2000 with Adams leaving to pursue his solo career. Whiskeytown gradually expanded its sound outside the confines of alternative country while still maintaining its alternative roots.

The band released three albums. No two albums shared a consistent lineup; Adams and Cary remained the only constants.

History
After performing punk rock with a band called The Patty Duke Syndrome, Adams founded Whiskeytown in 1994 in Raleigh, North Carolina. The music of country-rock artist Gram Parsons served as his inspiration. The band initially consisted of Adams, violinist Caitlin Cary, drummer Eric "Skillet" Gilmore, bassist Steve Grothmann and guitarist Phil Wandscher.

Faithless Street era (1995–1996)
Faithless Street, released on Mood Food Records in 1995, established the band as one of the genre's leaders, thanks to glowing reviews in publications such as No Depression, and helped the band score a major-label record deal with the Geffen Records imprint Outpost.

Faithless was re-released on the imprint in 1998 with nearly a dozen bonus tracks from the era. Among the bonus tracks were previously unreleased tracks and tracks that had been released on earlier albums and EPs, including Strangers Almanac and Rural Free Delivery. One track, "Oklahoma," was removed. Adams claimed that the reason for the re-release was the muddy sound of the original version and his distaste for "Oklahoma," which was added to the album despite his objections.

Strangers Almanac era (1997–1998)
Whiskeytown's 1997 major-label debut, Strangers Almanac, helped to establish Adams' reputation as a songwriter. In the midst of the album's recording, Gilmore and Grothman left, and Wandscher left soon after the album's release. The band cycled through numerous members throughout the next year, including Jeff Rice and Steven Terry, both of whom were involved in the recording of Almanac but left later that year.

The band's reputation preceded it in the live setting. In a 1997 Detroit Free Press article titled Whiskeytown: half band, half soap opera, a June 1997 show at Mac's Bar in Lansing, Michigan was described by fans as a half-baked performance.

Despite the band's internal strife, Almanac was a successful album with critics, with the tracks "16 Days" and the Replacements-esque "Yesterday's News" receiving significant radio play. The positive reviews came from increasingly mainstream publications such as Rolling Stone, who claimed at the time, "If there's to be a Nirvana among the bands that are imprecisely dubbed alternative country, look to Whiskeytown." In January 1998, the band taped a live performance for Austin City Limits.

During the tour for Stranger's Almanac, most of the band was fired or quit at a concert in Kansas City. The only people who started and finished the tour were Adams, Caitlin Cary, Mike Daly and tour manager Thomas O'Keefe.

Pneumonia and the band's demise (1999–2001)
The band managed to add a new core member in multi-instrumentalist Mike Daly, who contributed significantly to the band's sound on their third album, Pneumonia.

The album's recording was a much different affair from the first two—likely because of the band's constantly changing dynamic. The traditional country of the first two albums, especially Faithless, was largely replaced with a more sophisticated country-rooted pop sound, very similar to Wilco's 1999 album Summerteeth. Also adding to the different flavor of the album was a cast of guest stars, including The Replacements' Tommy Stinson and The Smashing Pumpkins' James Iha.

Despite the album's completion and Whiskeytown's sizable fanbase, Outpost Records closed during the merger between Polygram and Universal, and as a result the album stayed in limbo for nearly two years, effectively ending the band.

Lost Highway Records, the roots-minded label imprint of Universal Music, picked up the album after signing Adams (who, in the interim, recorded his highly acclaimed debut solo record Heartbreaker on indie label Bloodshot Records) and released it in May 2001 [].

Post-Whiskeytown and talk of reunion
Since the band dissolved, most core members have chosen to remain active in music. Cary, who married original drummer Eric "Skillet" Gilmore, has released three solo albums and created a female folk trio named Tres Chicas. In 2010 she formed a duo group called The Small Ponds with Matt Douglas of Raleigh band The Proclivities. In 2013, Cary and solo artist Jon Lindsay co-founded the NC Music Love Army – a collective of many notable musicians from North Carolina who oppose the leadership of the newly emerged Republican supermajority in their home state. Between 2013 and 2014, the group has put out nine releases on their own label (Love Army Records), as well as thru Redeye Distribution and Bloodshot Records.

Adams has remained in the spotlight since the band's breakup, releasing numerous solo albums, including three in 2005. In 2004, Adams founded Ryan Adams and The Cardinals, an alternative rock band. The band released several albums before disbanding in 2009. He has drawn considerable praise from such legends as Elton John and Phil Lesh for his songwriting. In February 2001, original Whiskeytown guitarist Phil Wandscher joined Adams at a Seattle show to perform two songs. It was the first time the two had appeared onstage together in 3½ years.

Adams and Cary have claimed to be reuniting Whiskeytown on multiple occasions, as recently as 2010, but nothing new has been released yet. He told an interviewer in January 2017 that he was writing a book about the band, but had no plans to record or tour with Whiskeytown. A scheduling conflict was blamed as the reason for the reunion not taking place. The band did reunite for a one-off, impromptu gig after one of Adams' shows in Raleigh, NC, in 2005. Gilmore, Cary, and Adams were joined on-stage by Adams' pedal steel player, Jon Graboff, and bassist Catherine Popper.

Founding members

 * Ryan Adams – vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Caitlin Cary – fiddle, vocals, percussion
 * Eric "Skillet" Gilmore – drums, percussion
 * Steve Grothmann – bass guitar
 * Phil Wandscher – lead guitar, vocals

Later members

 * Ed Crawford – guitar
 * Ron Bartholomew – bass guitar
 * Steven Terry – drums, percussion
 * Brad Rice – electric guitar
 * Mike Daly – bass guitar, keyboards, guitar, mandolin, vocals
 * Jeff Rice – bass guitar
 * Jenni Snyder – bass guitar
 * Chris Laney – bass guitar
 * Bill Ladd – pedal steel guitar – studio session musician, appeared on Theme for a Trucker, Wim Wenders' movie The End of Violence
 * Mike Santoro – bass – Former member of "The Selves," a band from Northern New Jersey
 * Chris Riser – lap steel guitar, pedal steel guitar – 1994–95, also a member of Chapel Hill's Pine State
 * Nicholas Petti – pedal steel guitar – 1995–96, also a member of Chapel Hill's Pine State
 * Jon Wurster – drums
 * James Iha – guitar

Albums
Studio albums
 * 1995: Faithless Street
 * 1997: Strangers Almanac
 * 2001: Pneumonia

Unreleased
 * 1996: Those Weren't the Days
 * 1996: The Freightwhaler Sessions
 * 1997: Forever Valentine

EPs

 * 1995: Angels
 * 1997: Theme for a Trucker
 * 1997: Rural Free Delivery
 * 1997: In Your Wildest Dreams

Singles

 * 1997: "16 Days"
 * 1998: "Yesterday's News"
 * 1998: Car Songs (split 7-inch w/ Neko Case & The Sadies)
 * 2001: "Don't Be Sad"
 * 2009: "San Antone" / "The Great Divide"

Compilations

 * 1996: "Blank Generation" from Who the Hell? A Tribute to Richard Hell
 * 1996: Smash Hits Opry
 * 1996: "The Great Divide" from Power of Tower: Live from the WXDU Lounge
 * 1997: "Bottom of the Glass" from Straight Outta Boone County
 * 1997: "Theme for a Trucker" from The End of Violence Soundtrack
 * 1997: "Busted" from Revival Vol. 2: Kudzu & Hollerin' Contest
 * 1998: "Wither, I'm a Flower" from Hope Floats: Music from the Motion Picture
 * 1998: "Me and My Ticket" from The Garden Place: Songs By Our Friends
 * 1998: "I Hope It Rains at My Funeral" from Real: The Tom T. Hall Project
 * 1999: "Nervous Breakdown" from Alt.Country Exposed Roots
 * 1999: "A Song for You" from Return of the Grievous Angel: A Tribute to Gram Parsons
 * 1999: "Silver Wings" from Poor Little Knitter On the Road
 * 2003: "Choked Up" from Lost Highway: Lost & Found Vol. 1
 * 2004: "Faithless Street" from No Depression: What It Sounds Like Vol. 1
 * 2006: "Give Me Another Chance" from Big Star, Small World

title: Whiskeytown


text:
File:Carcassonne-game.jpg

A scan of the front of the Carcassonne game box, taken by me.

Fair use rationale
This image has been checked by a third party against the articles in which it appears. It meets the following fair-use criteria:-
 * No free alternative possible
 * If this is a promotional image from the company, then any "user-supplied" image whose sole purpose was clearly to represent the same copyrighted box/item art (and nothing else, and with no significant artistic input- i.e. a "mechanical" reproduction, whether by scanner or camera) would likely have the same restrictions.
 * Is being used to identify the product and/or its marketing
 * Serves to identify the product being discussed rather than being used in a solely decorative manner.
 * Does not deprive company of ability to make money in any way
 * Is not being used in misleading or misrepresentative manner

title: File:Carcassonne-game.jpg


text:
Talk:Shopping City Süd

Untitled
(1) The Shopping City Süd Europe's biggest shopping centre? I just can't believe it. There must be lots of similar mega, hyper, super, whatever malls in all big (European, American, Asian [?]) cities. Is there any proof?

(2) I've removed two bits: (a) the fact that there are traffic jams on Fridays and Saturdays. Again, no difference to anywhere else in the world. (b) the "fact" that people from Germany and Switzerland come to the SCS to go shopping there. No, they don't (unless they happen to be in Vienna on a holiday anyway).  21:40, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)

I've added link to the list of the world largest shopping malls. As you see it's the only mall in Europe on the list, thus it has to be one of the largest. As you can read in the German version of this article that doesn't make it the biggest, because there are different ways to measure. 85.126.128.10 18:28, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 05:17, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shopping City Süd


text:
User:Mkrupnic

My name is Michael and i was born on September 27, 1981 and grew up in Marlboro, NJ. I went to school at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ where i became a brother of the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity. I am a former member of the National Execuative Board of The Workmen's Circle/Arbeter Ring a national Jewish organization dedicated to the Teaching of Yiddish Culture and Language, Social and Economic Justice, and Membership Benefits. For the last 15 years I have been a member of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Balloon Inflation Team that sets up the balloons and Baloonicles the day before the parade.

Pages I started:

 * Kugel
 * Jewish Currents
 * Lawrence Bush

Pages I Contribute To:

 * Stevens Institute of Technology
 * The Workmen's Circle/Arbeter Ring

title: User:Mkrupnic


text:
Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range

Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range is a Ministry of Defence air weapons range located near the village of Pembrey, Carmarthenshire, 3 mi northwest of Burry Port and 10.3 mi south of Carmarthen, Wales. Adjacent to the weapons range site is a former Royal Air Force station known as Royal Air Force Pembrey, or more simply RAF Pembrey, which closed in 1957 and of which part is now in civilian use as Pembrey Airport.

RAF Training Command
The site for Pembrey was acquired in 1937. The airfield was allocated to No. 25 Group RAF, of RAF Training Command during its construction, and it officially opened on the 6 May 1940. The site was known as Towyn Burrows and was only just higher than the high tide level. Situated between Burry Port and Kidwelly, it was on a marshy area of coastline, the Cefn Sidan Sands and Pembrey Forest were between the shoreline and the airfield.

The airfield opened in March 1939, and by September 1939 No. 2 Air Armament School RAF was the first unit to be stationed at the airfield, indeed, from September 1939 to June 1940 the airfield was used to train armourers and air mechanics by No. 2 AAS.

RAF Fighter Command
From the 20 June 1940, the airfield was transferred to No. 10 Group RAF of RAF Fighter Command. Pembrey was used throughout the Battle of Britain to rest squadrons from the defending against the Blitz, and also to provide air defence for South Wales and to protect convoys.

Supermarine Spitfire pilots of No. 92 Squadron used Pembrey as their base from the 18 June 1940. These included Squadron Leader Stanford Tuck, until 12 August, Geoffrey Wellum, the author of the 2002 memoir "First Light", and Tony Bartley. During the Battle of Britain, No. 92 Squadron pilots who were to be at readiness at dawn, spent the night in a tent set up near the aircraft. No. 92 Squadron returned to RAF Biggin Hill on the 9 September, during the air battle’s peak.

From January to March 1941, 256 Squadron operated from Pembrey. In early 1941, No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron was formed at Pembrey, inflicted losses on enemy aircraft, and moved on to RAF Colerne in June.

RAF Fairwood Common and RAF Angle had taken over the air defence of the South Wales area by the middle of 1941 and RAF Pembrey was allocated to RAF Flying Training Command.

RAF Flying Training Command
Between 1941 and 1945 Pembrey was host to the RAF's No. 1 Air Gunners School, involving Bristol Blenheim and Vickers Wellington bombers and Spitfire fighter aircraft, and included experimental courses. From 1943 to 1945, Wing commander George Peter Macdonald, was the Commanding Officer of No. 1 Air Gunners School RAF, and the Station Commander of RAF Pembrey.

Operational Conversion Unit
No 233 OCU formed in September 1952, at RAF Pembrey. The OCU's Badge featured the head of a Wildcat, indicative of the fierce fighting spirit. The OCU's Welsh motto was Ymlaen; The English translation is 'Forward'.

The OCUs de Havilland Vampire aircraft displayed the badge below the front quarter-light of the cockpit and was the OCUs aircraft's only markings. The Station badge was also the No 233 OCU badge during this period, and was displayed on all the RAF Pembrey vehicles.

The Operational Conversion Unit disbanded in September 1957 and the station closed soon afterwards.

Incidents

 * In June 1942, a luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft landed at RAF Pembrey in error, after a dog fight over the Bristol Channel. Oberleutnant Armin Faber, adjutant of III. fighter Gruppe of JG2, had been engaged by Supermarine Spitfire aircraft of No. 19 Squadron RAF and the Czech Wing, over south Devon, England, on 23 June. Being forced north beyond Exeter, Faber mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel. Short on fuel, he landed at Pembrey, believing it to be a Luftwaffe airfield in the Cotentin Peninsula, Normandy, France. The Pembrey Duty Pilot grabbed a Very pistol, ran from the control tower, and jumped onto the wing of Faber's aircraft as it taxied. Faber was taken to RAF Fairwood Common by Group Captain David Atcherley for interrogation. Faber was piloting the latest Luftwaffe fighter aircraft, the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3, a type the RAF had only seen flying over France. The depths of Faber's despair at providing his enemy with an intact Focke-Wulf Fw 190 can be gauged by the fact that he subsequently attempted to commit suicide. As news broke of his landing in Pembrey, RAF Fighter Command dispatched pilots to photograph and move the aircraft to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. The RAF finally had an Focke-Wulf Fw 190 to compare with its V.S Spitfire IX and Hawker Typhoon Ia aircraft.

 * In September 1953, a de Havilland Vampire crashed at the airfield, killing the pilot, Squadron Leader Lionel Hubert Wakeford, DFC. Shortly before closure in June 1957, a Hawker Hunter I, (WT563), crashed on approach to the airfield, killing Pilot Officer Frederick William Rupert Vernon Jacques when he ejected at low level; the aircraft crashed into Kidwelly railway station. Both airmen were buried in St Illtyd Churchyard, Pembrey, along with 32 wartime RAF casualties, including seven from the Polish Air Force.

 * In 1968, a bomb exploded at the airfield, seriously injuring a warrant officer; in the "climate of sporadic bomb threats" the BBC interviewed people in Kidwelly about whether they believed the Prince of Wales should come to Wales.

Pembrey Airport
On 22 August 1997 Pembrey was officially opened as a civil airfield and named Pembrey Airport. Pembrey was associated as a service facility with the former RAF Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range, a Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO) establishment. The airfield is now split into a number of facilities: the Welsh Motor Sports Centre occupies most of the area, part of the land has reverted to agriculture, part contains a hangar formerly used by the Dyfed-Powys Police Air Support, whilst 805 m of the north east portion of the former RAF Runway, 04/22, was opened as Pembrey West Wales Airport in August 1997. In 2009 it was expecting to operate charter flights into the airport. The airfield is also home to the Llanelli Model Flying Club.

Former units
Former squadrons include:
 * Nos 595/5, 92, 118 (Spitfires)
 * Nos 32, 79, 316 – formed at Pembrey. (Hurricanes)
 * Nos 238, 248. (Beaufighters)
 * Nos 256, 307. (Boulton Paul Defiants)
 * No. 233 OCU (Vampires, Tempests, Mosquitos, Meteors and Hunters)

Other former units include:
 * No. 1 Bombing and Gunnery School RAF
 * No. 14 Operational Training Unit RAF
 * No. 41 Gliding School RAF
 * No. 225 Squadron RAF
 * No. 2742 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 2875 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * Air Sea Rescue Flight RAF, Pembrey/Fairwood Common (1941) became 'D' Flight, No. 276 Squadron RAF
 * Pembrey Station Flight

Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range
Pembrey Sands Air weapons range is an air-to-ground bombing and strafing practice area. It also has a unique feature in that it can provide a beach environment to enable crews to establish a Temporary Landing Zone, to practise natural surface operations. A control tower and beach guard boxes are manned to ensure the general public do not enter the Air Weapons Range. Accommodation and kitchen facilities are available. One hour after low tide, landings can take place day or night, meaning training can take place in the dark. Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft regularly used the airstrip. The first test sand landing of an Airbus A400M Atlas has been completed.

The facility has four Air Weapons Range targets; three are bombing targets and are used for both low-level attacks and dive-bombing. The fourth target is a strafe target, consisting of three strafe panels. Forward Air Control and Close Air Defence units use Pembrey AWR for realistic training. The range can also support Dry Training.

title: Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range


text:
Provocation

Provocation, provoke or provoked may refer to:

 * Provocation (legal), a type of legal defense in court which claims the "victim" provoked the accused's actions
 * Agent provocateur, a (generally political) group that tries to goad a desired response from the group or otherwise disrupt its activity
 * Provocation test, a way of medical testing for conditions such as an allergy by provoking the immune system's response
 * Provoke (album), a 1998 album by Altar and their final release on Displeased Records
 * Provoker (band), an American post-punk band
 * Provoke (magazine), a Japanese photography and arts magazine, 1967–1968
 * Provoked (film), a 2007 British film starring Aishwarya Rai and Naveen Andrews
 * Provoked (Henry Rollins album), a 2008 album by Henry Rollins
 * Provoked (Sunny Sweeney album), a 2014 album by Sunny Sweeney
 * Provoke (horse), a racehorse

title: Provocation


text: Category:Towns in Georgia (country)

title: Category:Towns in Georgia (country)


text:
Talk:Bushmaster XM-15

Recent edit
Preserving here by providing this link. I restructured the "Variants" section by removing unnecessary section breaks. Changes to the copy were minimal. I also tagged the article for primary sources, as a number of citations are to sales catalogues. Please let me know if there are any concerns. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:05, 4 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Preserving here by providing this link. --K.e.coffman (talk) 02:27, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

I've done a general revert for convenience sake. I feel there are a number of reasons to roll back these recent changes. I see no benefit in reducing the details in the specifications. This is especially true of things like length where barrel length is a critical factor in overall rifle length. The same is true of weight. The range stats I'm less concerns about since range is heavily dependent on the particular round being fired. So that is a change that is only getting rolled back because it's easier to revert all. The sales brochure providing barrel material is also something I'm rather indifferent on. It's not a critical detail and it's self cited but non-controversial information like this is reasonable to cite to the mfr. While "Notoriety" isn't a great section name, "Use in mass shooting" is not an appropriate section name given the DC snipper shootings weren't technically a mass shooting. They were a series of individual shootings and thus shouldn't be under a "mass shooting" heading. I will restore the comment about "an American sociologist who studies gun violence in the United States" as it is relevant to the section. Springee (talk) 02:59, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Seems like a logical approach. -72bikers (talk) 14:29, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

Sandy Hook
I partially restored the material that has recently been removed: diff, on the details of the post-Sandy Hook lawsuit. I believe that the information is relevant since the lawsuit concerned this particular model specifically.

I did not restore the various dismissals / appeals. I might add a sentence that further progress on the lawsuit has been forestalled by the bankruptcy proceedings. --K.e.coffman (talk) 21:48, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

Not a weapon used in the Iraq war by the US… stop saying this…
This is not a weapon system used by the American military as it is not up to par for military use as it is a semi automatic weapon and finest have a select fire option. 2600:8800:8289:900:481C:7E80:C99B:981E (talk) 10:49, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

How would it be modified to accept higher capacity magazines than NY allows?
Most AR pattern rifles accept stanag magazines, including this one-- which have no real capacity limiter, other than weight. It doesn't really make sense to say that it was modified to accept a mag that it should already accept without issue... 98.15.246.54 (talk) 20:40, 24 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bushmaster XM-15


text:
File:Fripp & Eno's Evening Star.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Fripp & Eno album Evening Star, 1975.

title: File:Fripp & Eno's Evening Star.jpg


text:
User:Detriment

Detriment
Detriment was born in 1972 in the bustling metropolis of Buffalo, Minnesota. Most of the history of Detriment's early years has been lost to the annals of time, which is no big loss to society in general.

Currently, Detriment resides in California's central valley and will soon be moving to the middle of nowhere.

title: User:Detriment


text:
Haydock

Haydock is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, in Merseyside, England. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 11,416 Haydock's historic area covers the Haydock electoral ward and a section of the Blackbrook ward.

Haydock is located within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire. The village is located to the north-east of the adjacent St Helens, with most of its residential estates and commercial property built either side of the A599. Historically a township and large pastoral area, Haydock was found to be rich with coal and the area grew in significance during the Industrial Revolution particularly with the coming of the canals and railways. In the 1930s, the north side of Haydock was bisected by the A580 East Lancashire Road; this dual carriageway connected the cities of Liverpool and Manchester, with several junctions serving St Helens and Haydock. The area to the south of the East Lancs road saw large post-war residential development, while the area to the north that was initially open pits and saw large scale industrialisation. More recently, the area north of the road has seen the development of distribution centres encouraged by the proximity of junction 23 of the M6 motorway and Haydock's convenient transport links to Liverpool and Manchester.

Haydock is the home of the Haydock Park Racecourse, while the old mining tip and spoil areas south of the village have been developed into the Lyme & Wood Pits Country Park.

History
The placename means "barley, wheat" with the suffix -aco meaning "place". An undated source refers to the name as Heidiog. The village is often referred to by the colloquial name of 'Yick', and its inhabitants may be referred to as 'Yickers'. Haydock was one of the United Kingdom's richest areas in coal and coal mining, Haydock Collieries had up to 13 collieries working at one time. The last colliery in Haydock – Wood Pit – closed in 1971, bringing to an end coal mining in the area. This site had been the scene of the Wood Pit disaster on 7 June 1878 which a subsequent Report of the Inspector of Mines concluded claimed the lives of 189 men and boys. Among them were forty-five-year-old Nathan Boon and his five sons. According to GenUKI, 15 victims were not included in the Inspector's report but their names "appeared in the Coroner's Inquest and in some cases in the burial registers". If included, the final death toll would have been 204.

The Old Boston Trading Estate was built atop the colliery of the same name in the north of Haydock. After the colliery was closed, due to an underground fire. The site of the colliery was then used for many years as a training centre for National Coal Board employees.

Surrounded by agricultural farmland, much of the village's expansion was due to mining and canal transport. In the early 1900s, Haydock had no fewer than three railway stations–Haydock, Ashton-in-Makerfield, and Haydock Park–along the line which passed through from St. Helens to Lowton.

Governance
Haydock was a township in the parish of Winwick before being made a civil parish in 1866. The village was in the poor law union of Warrington in the 19th century before being created an urban district in 1894.

Between 1830 and 1983 Haydock was part of the Newton parliamentary constituency. In 1983 the Newton constituency containing Golborne Urban District, Irlam Urban District, Newton-le-Willows Urban District, Warrington Rural District (containing Winwick) was divided by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act.

In 1983 Haydock, along with the town of Newton-le-Willows, was incorporated into the St Helens North Constituency.

The traditional Haydock boundary encapsulated part of Blackbrook, and part of Haydock Park (the northern perimeter made up by Garswood Park and the course of Clipsley Brook). The western boundary was Blackbrook, downstream of its confluence with Clipsley Brook, while the eastern boundary was composed of Sandy Lane and Newton Lane as far south as Dean Dam and Cowhey Dam. Portions of the old Haydock Parish are now within the modern Newton-le-Willows for the purposes of local administration and postal services, and utilise 01942 dial codes due to their proximity to those local exchanges.

Changing local administrative boundaries in 1933 transferred 16 acres of land to the Ashton-in-Makerfield civil parish which is, today, one of the seven parishes of St Helens.

Further ward profile changes in 2007 to those made in 2004 extended the Haydock ward, reducing the Billinge and Seneley Green Ward. Part of the Haydock Royal Air Force site housing development, including Slag Lane along with a section of Liverpool Road, was appropriated to Haydock and Blackbrook wards respectively, for electoral purposes. Seneley Green Parish Council continue to collect the parish precept and have authority on planning issues.

In January 2009 Haydock as part of the St Helens Metropolitan Borough agreed to form the Liverpool City Region, a Multi-Area Agreement enjoying greater devolved powers than local government. In 2014 this was established in statute as the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority covering the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the adjacent Borough of Halton.

Community
The Haydock Brass Band, formed in 1861, is the oldest community run organisation in St Helens. It performs brass band music in contests, theatrical productions, performances with choral organisations and corporate events. It rehearses at Grange Valley Youth Centre, where the band has been based for the last five years. The band annually performs the ceremonial fanfares at the start and finish of the Grand National in Aintree. Haydock band has a strong relationship with Haydock Park Racecourse. It has one of the largest and oldest libraries of brass band music in the country.

Founded in 1923, the Haydock Male Voice Choir (see references below for website) is one of the oldest choirs in North West England with a continuous record, apart from the early years of the Second World War. It performs in the UK as well as in Germany and the USA which the choir have visited many times. Current membership of 70 men is drawn from a 25-mile radius of Haydock. In recent times the choir has won a number of competitions including the Isle of Man festival of choirs 2019 and Choir of the festival in 2020. Since 2014 the Musical Director has been Dan Craddock, the 10th conductor in the choir's 97 year history.

Before nationalisation of the coal industry in 1947, Haydock's collieries were principally operated by Richard Evans & Co, whose name can be found today in two of the village's schools, Richard Evans Infant School and Richard Evans Junior School, which closed in 2006 due to falling pupil numbers. The school is now used as a music centre by the local Valley Brass Band who take their name from the Grange Valley area of Haydock.

Other schools in the area include Outwood Academy Haydock, Legh Vale Primary School, St. James' Church of England Primary, Grange Valley Primary School and English Martyrs Primary School. Outwood Academy Haydock was previously named Haydock Secondary Modern School and then Haydock High School. Haydock has many sport facilities including Haydock Park Racecourse, Haydock Cricket Club, Haydock leisure centre. Haydock is also home to Independent Futsal Club the first 5v5 Futsal Club in the county.

Recently, a Tesco supermarket has been built on the former site of the areas coal industry's central workshops. This development led to the demolition of the old Conservative club building. Nearby are Iceland and Aldi supermarkets and other shops and restaurants. This area of Haydock is now considered the main retail section of Haydock.

Haydock is home to a country park, known as the Lyme and Wood Pits Park. It is situated on the side of the hill that is home to the landfill site. As of 2011 it is in early stages of finishing, with just the visitors' centre and other amenities, still not built. In 2009 local schools from Haydock and Earlestown planted a variety of trees on the hill as part of the plans. The park includes many walks, ponds and a memorial to the 189 miners who lost their lives in the Wood pit explosion in 1878. Haydock Forest was awarded Green Flag status in early 2012.

King George V Playing Fields houses a play area and astro-turf pitch, and is home to Haydock Juniors and local open age football teams. In 2009, Brazilian Soccer Schools was launched in Haydock for local junior players which grew and became a Football and Futebol de Salao centre for Lancashire and Merseyside.

Haydock is the home of the Haydock Park Racecourse. It was built between 1898 and 1899 on 127 acres of the historic Haydock Park land granted by Lord Newton to replace the older Newton le Willows course (home of the Newton Races) which was situated on Newton Common adjacent to Swan Lane and was closed in 1890. The origins of the Old Newton Cup can be traced back to 1752, when racing was taking place on Golborne Heath, not far from the present course. On 16 June that year a £50 Cup was competed for at Golborne, sponsored by the Newton Hunt. The races subsequently moved to Newton le Willows early in the 19th century.

Haydock is home to 7 churches:

Transport
Haydock has transport links to Wigan, Ashton and St Helens via the 320. Some 320 buses terminate in Ashton and others in Wigan. There is also a number 20 bus that runs through Haydock, terminating at Earlestown. The 420 runs twice a day from Kenyons Lane South through to Halewood providing a direct link for Florida Farm Devolpments. Both of these services are run by Arriva. HTL buses (on behalf of Merseytravel) also operate in the area with the 156 which runs to Ashton Library and St Helens, and the 602 which operates between Newton Community Hospital and Ashton Heath, both running on evenings only. A few additional journeys on service 156 are operated by Hattons.

Notable places

 * Tesco Superstore
 * Haydock High Sports College
 * Haydock Industrial Estate
 * St. James the Great Church
 * Haydock English Martyrs Church
 * Haydock Park Racecourse
 * Haydock Island (East Lancs & M6)

Notable people

 * Saint Edmund Arrowsmith, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
 * Cliff Birkett, footballer
 * Harry Burrows footballer
 * Billy Caulfield, footballer
 * Conor Coady, footballer
 * Harry Gee, footballer
 * Les Greenall, Rugby League player
 * Wilf Hall footballer
 * Lou Houghton, Rugby League player, St. Helens forward
 * Harry Jones, footballer
 * Martyn Lancaster footballer
 * Nick McCabe of The Verve
 * Tony Read, footballer
 * James Twiss, footballer

title: Haydock


text:
Category:Football

The word football (foot+ball) may refer to several sports. For a general history of these games, see Football. For a list of different forms of football see here.
 * For American football and Canadian football, see Category:Gridiron football.
 * For Association football (soccer), see Category:Association football.

title: Category:Football


text:
User talk:Donutz

Hello, "Donutz" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

-- Infrogmation 21:46, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

I just blocked the guy who has been vandalizing your user page for 3 days. Thue | talk 13:34, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Donutz


text:
GMR (magazine)

GMR was a monthly magazine on video games that was published by Ziff-Davis — the publisher of such magazines as PC Magazine, Electronic Gaming Monthly, and Computer Gaming World (later Games for Windows: The Official Magazine). GMR was launched in February 2003, being sold in only the Electronics Boutique (EB) chain of video game stores. The magazine was unusual among multiconsole magazines in that it covered PC as well as console games, as well as its minimalistic cover art, and, in its last few months, its shift in focus toward promotion of less mainstream titles. It lasted exactly two years, as the 25th and last issue (which was only sent to subscribers) was the February 2005 edition (though prints were limited and not even all subscribers received the final issue).

As the magazine was funded by Electronics Boutique, the magazine stopped circulation when GameStop merged with EB Games, as GameStop already had its own magazine, Game Informer. The fates of its entire staff remain unknown, although James "Milkman" Mielke and Andrew "Skip" Pfister have transferred to the 1Up.com Network online.

Shortly after the release of the PS2 game Monster Hunter, an online-only Event Quest was released which allowed players to obtain the "GMR Chrome Heart," a weapon prominently featuring an embossed GMR logo.

Magazine covers
Each month had a title, e.g. "The Rainbow Issue", "The First Issue". These are listed where known.
 * February 2003: Dead or Alive: Extreme Beach Volleyball - "The First Issue"
 * March 2003: Xenosaga - "The Chewy issue"
 * April 2003: Zone of the Enders - "The Metal issue"
 * May 2003: Auto Modellista - "The Speed issue"
 * June 2003: World of Warcraft, Star Wars Galaxies - "The Wired issue"
 * July 2003: Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater - "The Jungle issue"
 * August 2003: Ninja Gaiden - "The Masked issue"
 * September 2003: Soul Calibur II - "The Kick A** Issue"
 * October 2003: F-Zero GX - "The Future Issue"
 * November 2003: SSX 3 - "The Frosted Issue"
 * December 2003: Tony Hawk's Underground - "The Flipped Issue"
 * January 2004: Rainbow Six 3, Ninja Gaiden - "The Creepy Issue"
 * February 2004: Darkwatch - "The Dead Issue"
 * March 2004: Star Wars: Republic Commando - "The Space Issue"
 * April 2004: Astro Boy - "The Anime Issue"
 * May 2004: Nina: Death By Degrees - "The Women Issue"
 * June 2004: Onimusha 3 - "The Samurai Issue"
 * July 2004: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories - "The magic issue"
 * August 2004: Everquest 2, Monster Hunter, Final Fantasy XI: Chains of Promathia, The Matrix Online - Four different covers, "The Online World issue"
 * September 2004: Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas - "The Sandbox Issue"
 * October 2004: Fable, Dead or Alive Ultimate - Two different covers, "The Hot Pink Issue"
 * November 2004: Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door - "the it's a-me issue"
 * December 2004: Need For Speed Underground 2, - "The nitro issue"
 * January 2005: Halo 2 - "The FPS Issue"
 * February 2005: Resident Evil 4 - "The last issue"

Rating system
When games were reviewed, they were rated on a scale of 1 to 10. (A score of 0 was twice used, for Postal² and Ping Pals.) A score of 9 or 10 was considered excellent, 7 or 8 good, 4 to 6 mediocre, and 1 to 3 bad. As well, the GMR Essential Selection logo would be awarded to all games scoring 10 and some games scoring 9. With the rating would come a one- or two-word comment, often a pun on the game's title, and three lines of comparisons (usually "Better Than:/Not As Good As:/Wait For It:").

Previewers would rate their excitement about an upcoming game on a scale of 1 to 5 flames, although one-flame previews were absent and two-flame previews rare.

Game Geezer
One of the most popular sections of the magazine was an editorial that appeared in the final pages of most every issue called Game Geezer. The editorial was written as though it were being dictated by an excessively cranky old man in a humorous tone and was well regarded by readers for its concise opinions and arguments regarding the video game industry and player community.

Game Geezer was later revealed to be written by Jeff Green, former editor-in-chief of Games for Windows: The Official Magazine and Computer Gaming World. The column was also written, on a fill-in basis, by former Xbox Nation editor Greg Orlando.

Ninja Gaiden controversy
GMR suffered a black eye to its reputation with the publication of the August 2003 issue, which featured what was billed as the exclusive first review for the then highly anticipated Xbox action game Ninja Gaiden. The game was featured on the cover and given an excellent review, but at about the same time, the game's developer made the decision to continue tweaking the game, delaying its release until early 2004. Thus, the GMR review was rendered invalid because it was based on a prerelease development version of the game.

title: GMR (magazine)


text:
USS Gabilan

USS Gabilan (SS-252), a Gato-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the gabilan, an eagle ray of the Gulf of California.

Construction and commissioning
Gabilan′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Co., Groton, Connecticut, on 5 January 1943. She was launched 19 September 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Eleanor James, wife of Rear Admiral Jules James, and commissioned on 28 December 1943, Commander K. R. Wheland in command.

First and second war patrols, April – August 1944
After shakedown out of New London, Gabilan sailed for brief antisubmarine training at Key West before transiting the Panama Canal for the Hawaiian Islands. She arrived Pearl Harbor 23 March 1944 and spent her first war patrol (21 April – 6 June) scouting the Mariana Islands gathering information for the United States invasion of those islands. Her second war patrol (29 June – 18 August) took her to the south coast of Honshū, Japan, where, on the night of 17 July, she made a daring radar chase through bright moonlight and phosphorescent water. Skirting dangerous reefs and shoals, she pressed home an attack that sank a 492-ton minesweeper.

Third and fourth war patrols, September 1944 – February 1945
Her third war patrol (26 September – 12 November) took her south of the Japanese Empire in company with USS Besugo (SS-321) and USS Ronquil (SS-396) to detect the departure from Bungo Suido of any major enemy fleet units that might interfere with the liberation of the Philippine Islands. The latter part of the patrol was spent in an independent search of approaches of Kii Suido where, in a dawn periscope attack on 31 October, she destroyed oceanographic research vessel Kaiyō No. 6 with a single torpedo. Gabilan terminated her third war patrol at Saipan on 12 November 1944 and proceeded to Brisbane, Australia for refit.

Her fourth war patrol was in the South China Sea (29 December 1944 – 15 February 1945). She joined USS Perch (SS-313) and USS Barbel (SS-316) in a coordinated patrol off the southern entrance to Palawan Passage and the western approach to Balapac Strait, where Japanese battleships Ise and Hyūga were expected to appear en route to threaten American invasion forces in the Philippines. There were many quick dives to avoid aircraft; floating mines were sunk by rifle fire from the submarine, but there was no sign of their quarry.

Passing back through the Java Sea en route to Fremantle, Australia, the submarine had a nerve-wracking morning, as numerous aircraft dropped depth charges in the near vicinity, culminated by the appearance of a Japanese minelayer that made two attacks in shallow water, dropping 20 depth charges. Thoroughly shaken, but suffering only superficial damage, Gabilan evaded her antagonist in a providential heavy rain squall. Her only other diversion en route to Fremantle was an encounter with the British submarine HMS Spiteful (P227), an approaching target in morning twilight; however, there was sufficient illumination to enable Gabilan to identify Spiteful at the last moment before firing.

Fifth and sixth war patrols, March – August 1945
Gabilan conducted the greater part of her fifth war patrol (20 March – 28 May) as a unit of a "wolfpack" that included USS Charr (SS-328) and Besugo. Patrolling below the Celebes, the pack began an epic four-day chase on 4 April with a morning contact on cruiser Isuzu and her four escorts. One of the escorts fell prey to Besugo, and the elusive cruiser was spotted as she entered Bima Bay on the night of 6 April. Word was flashed to Gabilan, already executing a daring surface attack that left the cruiser listing and down by the bow. With the enemy confused by Gabilan's attack, Charr completed the kill with a six-torpedo salvo the next morning (7 April). The demise of Isuzu, last of the Japanese light cruisers to fall victim to a submarine torpedo, was witnessed by British submarine HMS Spark (P236).

Gabilan outwitted three escorts to sink a small freighter the morning of 14 April 1945, then scored hits on two cargo ships of another convoy. After a short stay off the coast of Hainan, where she destroyed drifting mines, she returned to Pearl Harbor 28 May for refit. Gabilan's sixth and last war patrol (20 June – 17 August 1945) was on lifeguard station for American fliers off Tokyo Bay. She first rescued six men, the crews of two torpedo bombers, then raced well inside Tokyo Bay, in easy range of Japanese shore batteries, to rescue another three-man crew. Six Navy Hellcat fighter planes gave her cover for the mission. On the way out, she paused to destroy a drifting mine with gunfire.

On 18 July 1945, the U.S. Navy destroyers USS Hank (DD-702) and USS Wallace L. Lind (DD-703) opened gunfire on Gabilan at a range of 12,800 yd while Gabilan was on the surface in the Pacific Ocean off the Bōsō Peninsula, Honshu, Japan, at 35.08333°N, 140.83333°W. Gabilan had difficulty diving in the heavy seas and broached, and the destroyers' gunfire straddled her an estimated ten times before she finally submerged undamaged to a depth of 150 ft. As the destroyers approached, she descended to a depth of 300 ft and broke contact with them.

On 1 August 1945, Gabilan rendezvoused with the submarine USS Toro (SS-422) and received three British fliers Toro had rescued earlier. Altogether, Gabilan rescued 17 aviators during her patrol.

Post-World War II
En route to Pearl Harbor, Gabilan received news of the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945. Proceeding by way of San Francisco, California, and the Panama Canal Zone, Gabilan arrived at New London, Connecticut, where she decommissioned 23 February 1946 and joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She was sold for scrapping 15 December 1959.

Honors and awards
Gabilan received four battle stars for World War II service. Her second, third, fifth, and sixth war patrols were designated "successful".

title: USS Gabilan


text:
Arthur Berger (composer)

Arthur Victor Berger (May 15, 1912 – October 7, 2003) was an American composer and music critic who has been described as a New Mannerist.

Biography
Born in New York City, of Jewish descent, Berger studied as an undergraduate at New York University, during which time he joined the Young Composer's Group, as a graduate student under Walter Piston at Harvard, and with Nadia Boulanger and at the Sorbonne under a Paine Fellowship.

He taught briefly at Mills College and Brooklyn College, then worked briefly at the New York Sun and then for a longer period of time at the New York Herald Tribune. In 1953 he left the paper to teach at Brandeis University where he was eventually named the Irving Fine Professor Emeritus. His notable students there included Gustav Ciamaga and Richard Wernick. He taught occasionally at the New England Conservatory during his retirement.

He co-founded (with Benjamin Boretz), in 1962, Perspectives of New Music, which he edited until 1964. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971. He wrote the first book on Aaron Copland (reprinted 1990, Da Capo Press), and coined the terms octatonic scale and pitch centricity in his "Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky". He died in Boston, Massachusetts, age 91.

Works
His works show a preoccupation with vertical and horizontal musical space (see pitch space). His musical influences include Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and later Anton Webern. In the forties he composed neoclassical works including Serenade Concertante (1944) and Three Pieces for Strings (1945), and embraced the twelve-tone technique in the 1950s. His later works moved away from serialism but continued to use tone cluster 'cells' whose pitch classes are displaced by octaves. George Perle has described his "keen and sophisticated musical intellect" and praised "his serial music [for being] as far removed from current fashionable trends as his diatonic music was a few years ago."

Perle further praises his String Quartet: "in the quartet, as in Berger's earlier works, and in most of the great music of our Western heritage, timbre, texture, dynamics, rhythm, and form are elements of a musical language whose syntax and grammar are essentially derived from pitch relations. If these elements never seem specious and arbitrary, as they do with so many of the dodecaphonic productions that deluge us today from both the left and right, it is precisely because of the authenticity and integrity of his musical thinking at this basic level."

His works include Ideas of Order, Polyphony, Quartet for Winds, described by Thomson as "one of the most satisfactory pieces for winds in the whole modern repertory", String Quartet (1958), Five Pieces for Piano (1969) and Septet (1965–66). He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Berger is grouped in the "Boston school" along with Lukas Foss, Irving Fine, Alexei Haieff, Harold Shapero, and Claudio Spies.

title: Arthur Berger (composer)


text:
User talk:Marnen

Hallo, ich grüße Dich, ich brauche eine Übersetzung meines Artikels vom deutsche ins englische! Ich würde mich sehr freuen, wenn du dich bei so schnell wie möglich meldest.

Viele Liebe Grüße! --Veden11 (talk) 08:21, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

 ''Please post new messages to the bottom of my talk page. Please use headlines when starting new talk topics. Thank you.''

This is my general user talk page. Please put Pickypedia-related comments here.

Welcome!
Hello there Marnen, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page or how to format them visit our manual of style. Experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump.

Good comments on the project page for classical music. That issue of languages used in titling works has been a thorny one. Personally, I tend to like titles in the foreign language but many others on Wikipedia don't. Anyway--welcome to Wikipedia from a fellow composer. There's a lot of stuff to be written; we have a small but dedicated group of editors here, and it's always good to see someone new around. Best wishes, Antandrus 21:49, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks (and brownie points for bothering to look at my site)! I've been cleaning stuff up so far, notably the article on Carl Maria von Weber...hopefully I'll contribute more actual content sometime in the future. --Marnen Laibow-Koser 22:07, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Triad
Noticed this one that you marked for cleanup. Started doing a bit of work on this page, but don't know anything about the subject. A lot of it seems to need rewriting from scratch, and/or some severe deleting re-ordering. Jcsutton 01:23, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks good. Thanks! --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 16:19, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Question about the origin of Yiddish word schmuck
Doesn't the word actually come from the word for jewel, and is used as a euphemism? Jayjg (talk) 19:27, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, rather like English "family jewels". --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 19:50, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Return of the Untagged Image project
You were kind enough to contribute to the Untagged images project; I beg to draw your attention to part 2 of the project - there are about 12,000 more images in need of tagging. Any assistance you could provide would be most welcome. thanks --Tagishsimon (talk)
 * Did a few, will do more as time permits. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 18:40, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Advice
Thanks for the advice. Am trying mediation first.--SqueakBox 21:17, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 21:22, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

DC trip
Please list all your available dates in the table at Meetup/Wikipedians of the East Coast field trip. Thanks. -- brian0918 ™  18:42, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 19:12, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

DC Meetup will be May 7/8
The DC Meetup date has been finalized to May 7/8. Even if you can only come one of the days, that's still fine. Please watch this page for new details, which will be posted in the next couple days: Meetup/Wikipedians of the East Coast field trip -- brian0918  ™  16:12, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Jesus
Care to check out the brewing revert war on Jesus concerning BC/AD -- and the stubborn comments by Arcturus and Rangerdude on Talk:Jesus? I think your input would be valuable. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  20:40, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I looked at the edit history and talk page. I think I'd do more harm than good coming out of nowhere to support a controversial edit. However, you may feel free to quote anything I said elsewhere in support of BCE/CE.

 * BTW, if you're interested in a proposal for a Wikipedia-like project where this sort of thing would be drastically reduced, please check out user:Marnen/Pickypedia. I'd welcome your input. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 23:13, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Mind Benders
Hello! I've noticed your past interest in Mind Benders and wanted to share the following announcement with you! I've taken over the responsibilities of Mind Benders, and the page will now be regularly updated. Right now, the pre-round is open (it's more of a creative artistic competition), and round one will open soon (the questions are done, we just need to wait for the pre-round to begin/finish)! So why not check it out? I'll keep you updated! Thanks, Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 01:43, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to pass this news on to other Wikipedians.

IPA style
I'm working on IPA-related stuff and noticed in passing that you have a reference to in your CSS files (here and here). This is no longer necessary now that this situation is handled in mediawiki:common.css and it adds a no-longer-necessary link to this template which I'm hoping to get rid of. Maybe you'd like to take a look at how my CSS adds a little colour to the proceedings (down at the bottom :-). HTH HAND —Phil | Talk 16:56, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Commented out. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 17:43, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup Taskforce
I have passed this article (taskforce request Cleanup Taskforce/Algebraic syntax) for cleanup on to you, because you state that you have some expertise in the field of linguistics. A preliminary search for references has come up blank. This from RJFJR:

''This one is a problem because we basically need an expert. If you know about linguistics take a look. Or just look at it for style and value. ...I think I'll go and look at it again and see if should just be AFDed. Let me know if you have an opinion on this one.''

Good luck...  haz  (user talk) e

 * OK. I'll have a look at the article and see what I can do. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) (desk) 21:25, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Translations
You wouldn't happen to be interested in the author that shaped most Germans' view of America more than any other? I'm talking of Karl May and since his works are no longer copyrighted I have started a translation. You can find what I have so far here. My problem is that I'm not a native speaker of English. I can comfortably switch to English with a second's notice, but when I have a German text in front of me and try to translate it to English I often commit germanisms. Your input in this project would be really appreciated...

Hello, would you please help me for my translation from german to english? Sorry for my very bad english. Best Regards --Veden11 (talk) 14:26, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

Tibetan script
I noticed your comments about Tibetan script in the article about the Tibetan language. I am a specialist in Tibetan linguistics --- which doesn't mean I have time to examine and correct everything relevant to that (I did just correct a few things in the phonological history section, though), but I have noticed in general that Tibetan script never displays correctly in any of the Wikipedia articles: in many places, the letters need to stack vertically, but they don't, even if you are using something like Arial Unicode MS, which contains a Tibetan range. The problem is, you must, in a Windows environment, use a font with OpenType coding, such as the freely available "Tibetan Machine Uni", but then Wikipedia's editing language and/or the browser, must be able to interpret the OpenType info in the same way that MS Word does. So, what is the solution? I don't know how to even specify a certain font in Wikiedit (just signalling that it is Unicode won't get you the OpenType features you need), let alone worrying about the browser....Jakob37 06:59, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It's been a while since I did anything with Tibetan, but my recollection of the situation is something like this. Specifying a specific font (in general a bad idea) won't do a bit of good, since the problem is that even with a properly designed Tibetan font, some Web browsers will not interpret the OpenType or AAT information correctly. For example, I recall viewing Tibetan text in TextEdit on Mac OS X, then looking at the same text -- in the same font -- in Safari. TextEdit stacked letters properly; Safari did not.

 * So really all you can do is to encode the Tibetan properly (perhaps specifying particular fonts, which I believe you'd do with CSS properties), and just hope for the best in the browser. I know it sucks, but there's nothing else possible AFAIK. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) (desk) 05:33, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Nyotaimori
Thanks for your comments on Talk:Nyotaimori. I added a link to the pictures to the nyotaimori article. I'm glad you liked the pictures - as a matter of fact, I've later met both of the models (clothed this time). I must say, you have a very unusual first name. A Google search for it resulted in only links about you. How common or uncommon exactly is it? J I P | Talk 19:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Nearly unique. There are a few others out there, but the more common spelling (which is still quite rare) is Marnin, which is closer to the original Hebrew. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) (desk) 15:17, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Hello, would you please translate my artikel on wiki from german to english? Please contact me thank you--Veden11 (talk) 14:28, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

==

Help
Dear Marnen We have found your name in the list of translators. Could you please help us to translate and upload on Esperanto Wikipedia this page ? Thanks a lot--Aeron10 (talk) 18:58, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

Language-population update project
Hi. The 18th edition of Ethnologue just came out, and if we divide up our language articles among us, it won't take long to update them. I would appreciate it if you could help out, even if it's just a few articles (5,000 articles is a lot for just me), but I won't be insulted if you delete this request.

A largely complete list of articles to be updated is at Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 17. The priority articles are in Category:Language articles with old Ethnologue 17 speaker data. These are the 10% that have population figures at least 25 years old.

Probably 90% of the time, Ethnologue has not changed their figures between the 17th and 18th editions, so all we need to do is change "e17" to "e18" in the reference (ref) field of the language info box. That will change the citation for the artcle to the current edition. Please put the data in the proper fields, or the info box will flag it as needing editorial review. The other relevant fields are "speakers" (the number of native speakers in all countries), "date" (the date of the reference or census that Ethnologue uses, not the date of Ethnologue!), and sometimes "speakers2". Our convention has been to enter e.g. "1990 census" when a census is used, as other data can be much older than the publication date. Sometimes a citation elsewhere in the article depends on the e17 entry, in which case you will need to change "name=e17" to "name=e18" in the reference tag (assuming the 18th edition still supports the cited claim).

Remember, we want the *total* number of native speakers, which is often not the first figure given by Ethnologue. Sometimes the data is too incompatible to add together (e.g. a figure from the 1950s for one country, and a figure from 2006 for another), in which case it should be presented that way. That's one use for the "speakers2" field. If you're not sure, just ask, or skip that article.

Data should not be displayed with more than two, or at most three, significant figures. Sometimes it should be rounded off to just one significant figure, e.g. when some of the component data used by Ethnologue has been approximated with one figure (200,000, 3 million, etc.) and the other data has greater precision. For example, a figure of 200,000 for one country and 4,230 for another is really just 200,000 in total, as the 4,230 is within the margin of rounding off in the 200,000. If you want to retain the spurious precision of the number in Ethnologue, you might want to use the sigfig template. (First parameter in this template is for the data, second is for the number of figures to round it off to.)

Dates will often need to be a range of all the country data in the Ethnologue article. When entering the date range, I often ignore dates from countries that have only a few percent of the population, as often 10% or so of the population isn't even separately listed by Ethnologue and so is undated anyway.

If Ethnologue does not provide a date for the bulk of the population, just enter "no date" in the date field. But if the population figure is undated, and hasn't changed between the 17th & 18th editions of Ethnologue, please leave the ref field set to "e17", and maybe add a comment to keep it so that other editors don't change it. In cases like this, the edition of Ethnologue that the data first appeared in may be our only indication of how old it is. We still cite the 14th edition in a couple dozen articles, so our readers can see that the data is getting old.

The articles in the categories linked above are over 90% of the job. There are probably also articles that do not currently cite Ethnologue, but which we might want to update with the 18th edition. I'll need to generate another category to capture those, probably after most of the Ethnologue 17 citations are taken care of.

Jump in at the WP:LANG talk page if you have any comments or concerns. Thanks for any help you can give!

— kwami (talk) 02:39, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marnen


text:
Physics of skiing

The physics of skiing refers to the analysis of the forces acting on a person while skiing. The motion of a skier is determined by the physical principles of the conservation of energy and the frictional forces acting on the body. For example, in downhill skiing, as the skier is accelerated down the hill by the force of gravity, their gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, the energy of motion. In the ideal case, all of the potential energy would be converted into kinetic energy; in reality, some of the energy is lost to heat due to friction.

One type of friction acting on the skier is the kinetic friction between the skis and snow. The force of friction acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion, resulting in a lower velocity and hence less kinetic energy. The kinetic friction can be reduced by applying wax to the bottom of the skis which reduces the coefficient of friction. Different types of wax are manufactured for different temperature ranges because the snow quality changes depending on the current weather conditions and thermal history of the snow. The shape and construction material of a ski can also greatly impact the forces acting on a skier. Skis designed for use in powder condition are very different from skis designed for use on groomed trails. These design differences can be attributed to the differences in the snow quality.

An illustration of how snow quality can be different follows. In an area which experiences fluctuation in temperatures around 0°C - freezing temperature of water, both rain and snowfall are possible. Wet snow or the wet ground can freeze into a slippery sheet of ice. In an area which consistently experiences temperatures below 0°C, snowfall leads to accumulation of snow on the ground. When fresh, this snow is fluffy and powder-like. This type of snow has a lot of air space. Over time, this snow will become more compact, and the lower layers of snow will become more dense than the top layer. Skiers can use this type of information to improve their skiing experience by choosing the appropriate skis, wax, or by choosing to stay home. Search and rescue teams, and backcountry users rely on our understanding of snow to navigate the dangers present in the outdoors.

The second type of frictional force acting on a skier is drag. This is typically referred to as "air resistance". The drag force is proportional to the cross-sectional area of a body (e.g. the skier) and the square of its velocity and density relative to the fluid in which the body is traveling through (e.g. air). To go faster, a skier can try to reduce the cross-sectional area of their body. Downhill skiers can adopt more aerodynamic positions such as tucking. Alpine ski racers wear skin tight race suits. The general area of physics which addresses these forces is known as fluid dynamics.

title: Physics of skiing


text:
Talk:Cowes

Rat O'Wight

 * It is believed that Cowes owes its reputation of 'yachting capital of the world' to the building of a small boat called Rat O'Wight on the banks of the river Medina for the use of Queen Elizabeth I.

Call me cynical but I'm not sure about this. Can anyone verify? The only online references look like clones of this paragraph. Even if such a boat was built, can it really be linked to the birth of yachting as a sport, or indeed Cowes as a centre for such a sport? There's a very long gap between Elizabeth I and Cowes becoming a racing centre. Naturenet 21:49, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Assuming the story to be true, I have edited it with a more plausible sense of proportion to the event. Dainamo 14:53, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cowes/East Cowes
It seems to me that it's getting to the stage that there needs to be two seperate pages for Cowes and East Cowes. Might be a job to disentangle them, but not impossible. Anyone think otherwise? Naturenet 09:53, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Could be done, although there might be some duplication due to the significant symbiant relationship between the two towns in their history, industies and even the current waterside development today (not yet mentioned in the article). E.g. The Royal Yacht squadron orginainated in East Cowes and moved to Cowes and many non-Islanders would be familiar with "Cowes" as being the home of Victoria. I have yet to find out the date, but I beleive East Cowes did not have its own charter until about a hundred years ago (albeit part of the parish of Whippingham I think) The article at present captures the whole area and is not too lengthy, but as more is introduced then I am sure your suggestion is going to make perfect sense. Dainamo 00:16, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Mr Stigwood
Mr Stigwood is still very much in residence at Barton Manor.
 * Thank you. The matter has now been addressed. Naturenet | Talk 09:27, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Splitting revived
East Cowes is a separate place and has its own identity. It is not quite part of Cowes and is on the opposite side of the estuary. If the article should remain in, maybe this should be renamed Cowes and East Cowes? Simply south (talk) 21:34, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

 * As East Cowes is now a separate civil parish I think there is a strong argument for splitting, though God help whoever is going to do it : it looks like it will be quite a task. As a poor second option, renaming to Cowes and East Cowes would be better than the existing situation. Skinsmoke (talk) 14:19, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Could an argument be made from three articles, Cowes as a settlement as a whole, East Cowes and Cowes/'West Cowes'/Cowes (parish) (the bit in the West). This is the case for Budapest, where articles exist for both Buda and Pest. --Neil (talk) 15:37, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
 * East Cowes is a separate town to Cowes, not just another part of Cowes. Simply south (talk) 16:18, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Personally I'd split it into the two towns of East Cowes and Cowes. Arriva436talk/contribs 16:32, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Split now complete, I tried it out first and saw there was definitely enough material to go in both articles. There is some repeated information but I have done my best to separate it out between the two towns. Two separate articles still need some work though.... Editor5807 speak 19:04, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Impressive job Editor5807. I'm sure there are a few minor tweaks, but I reckon you've done an excellent job. Skinsmoke (talk) 22:12, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Nice job! It's been long overdue. Arriva436talk/contribs</b> 18:17, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cowes