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John Ingle

John Houston Ingle (May 7, 1928 – September 16, 2012) was an American actor best known for his roles as scheming patriarch Edward Quartermaine in the ABC soap opera General Hospital and Mr. Threehorn, the father of the main character Cera in the Land Before Time.

Career
A retired high school drama teacher, Ingle began mainstream acting in 1985 doing various guest appearances; one of his first cinema appearances was a performance of the song "Puzzling Evidence" in the 1986 David Byrne musical, True Stories (his recording of the song would not be released until 2018). In 1993, he took over the role of Edward Quartermaine in General Hospital. He had appeared on "General Hospital" in the late 1980s as a W.S.B. associate of Anna Devane.

In December 2003, Ingle was fired and Edward was to be killed off. Without a contract to keep him at General Hospital, Ingle was free to court other offers and accepted the contract role of Mickey Horton, as a recast for the retiring John Clarke, on the soap opera, Days of Our Lives. Ingle left General Hospital in February 2004 and Edward was recast with Jed Allan.

Once at Days of our Lives, Ingle became part of a love triangle story involving Bonnie (Judi Evans Luciano) and Maggie (Suzanne Rogers). Ingle had recurring roles in HBO's Big Love, The Drew Carey Show, and the long-running The Land Before Time.

Ingle played "Wise Paw" in the 21-episode 1985 syndicated series Paw Paws, a segment of the animated block The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera.

Ingle returned to General Hospital as Edward Quartermaine, being re-hired after public complaints about Ingle's mistreatment by the producers, on a recurring basis, starting in April 2006.

Personal life
John Houston Ingle was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He graduated from Verdugo Hills High School in Tujunga, Los Angeles, California. He graduated from Occidental College in Los Angeles. He began teaching English and theater in 1955 at Hollywood High School until transferring in 1964 to teach drama at Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California, until his retirement in 1985. His pupils included Nicolas Cage, Albert Brooks, Richard Dreyfuss, Joanna Gleason, Barbara Hershey, Swoosie Kurtz, Stefanie Powers, David Schwimmer, Jonathan Silverman, and Julie Kavner. He called former General Hospital actor Stuart Damon his "closest friend". Ingle, along with actress Leslie Charleson, and fought Damon's 2007 dismissal from "General Hospital".

Health
In late 2008, Ingle underwent treatment for a small section of melanoma on his scalp. He was forced to wear a hat while onscreen to cover the bandage. Ingle was an active volunteer with Habitat for Humanity.

Family and death
Ingle married Grace-Lynne Martin in 1954. They had five daughters. Grace-Lynne Ingle died on February 11, 2012. Ingle died seven months later on September 16, aged 84, after battling cancer.

Films

 * 1985 Stitches as Dr. Clayton Fowler
 * 1986 True Stories as The Preacher
 * 1987 Amazon Women on the Moon as Felix Van Dam (segment "Art Sale")
 * 1988 Defense Play as Senator
 * 1988 Heathers as Principal Gowan
 * 1990 RoboCop 2 as Surgeon General
 * 1990 Repossessed as Father Crosby (as John H. Ingle)
 * 1991 For Parents Only as Dr. Carlisle
 * 1992 Stepfather III as Father Ernest Thomas Brennan
 * 1992 Death Becomes Her as Eulogist
 * 1993 Suture as Sidney Callahan
 * 1993 Skeeter as The Preacher
 * 1993 King B: A Life in the Movies as Robert Kurtzman
 * 1994-2008 The Land Before Time as Topsy, Cera's Dad / Narrator (voice)
 * 1997 Batman & Robin as Doctor
 * 1998 Senseless as Economics Professor
 * 2005 Hostage as Gray Hair Man
 * 2009 Timer as Dutch
 * 2010 Mean Parents Suck as Dr. Carlisle

TV

 * 1986 Gimme a Break! - episode "Pride and Prejudice" as Mr. Randall
 * 1987 Mama's Family - episode "Educating Mama" as Mr. Tucker
 * 1989 The Golden Girls - episode "Dancing in the Dark" as Harv
 * 1989-1991 Night Court as Theodore Wood / Mr. Kitteridge
 * 1992 Beverly Hills, 90210 as Dickson St.Clair
 * 1993-2012 General Hospital as Edward Quartermaine (#2) (final television appearance)
 * Boy Meets World as Mr. Frank Nelson (Episode 708)
 * 2004-2006 Days of Our Lives as Mickey Horton (#3)
 * 2007: The Office (US) - Episode: "Dunder Mifflin Infinity" as Robert Dunder
 * 2007-2008 The Land Before Time as Topsy, Cera's Dad (voice)

title: John Ingle


text:
Sentence (music)

In Western music theory, the term sentence is analogous to the way the term is used in linguistics, in that it usually refers to a complete, somewhat self-contained statement. Usually a sentence refers to musical spans towards the lower end of the durational scale; i.e. melodic or thematic entities well below the level of movement or section, but above the level of motif or measure. The term is usually encountered in discussions of thematic construction. In the last fifty years, an increasing number of theorists such as William Caplin have used the term to refer to a specific theme-type involving repetition and development.

Sentence as a metaphor for musical statement
Since the word "sentence" is borrowed from the study of (verbal) grammar—where its accepted meaning is one that does not admit of straightforward application to musical structures—its use in music has frequently been metaphorical. Especially before the latter half of the twentieth century, different musicians and theorists employ and define the term in different ways. For example, Stewart Macpherson defines a musical sentence as "the smallest period in a musical composition that can give in any sense the impression of a complete statement." It "may be defined as a period containing two or more phrases, and most frequently ending with some form of perfect cadence." Among the simplest examples he gives are what he calls "duple sentences" -- themes (from Mozart's D major Piano Sonata and Beethoven's Third Piano Concerto) in which we find pairs of "balanced" phrases (four-bar "announcing phrase" ending in half-cadence, followed by four-bar "responsive phrase" ending with perfect cadence): to many modern theorists this kind of structure is called a period. Similarly, the Grove Dictionary of Music states that the term "sentence" "has much the same meaning as 'period', though it lacks the flexibility of the latter term."

Sentence as a specific form-type: Schoenberg tradition
Arnold Schoenberg applied the term "sentence" to a very specific structural type distinct from the antecedent-consequent period. In a sentence's first part, a statement of a "basic motive" is followed by a "complementary repetition" (e.g. the first, "tonic version", of the shape reappears in a "dominant version"); in its second part this material is subjected to "reduction" or "condensation" with the intention of bringing the statement to a properly "liquidated" state and cadential conclusion. The sentence was one of a number of basic form-types Schoenberg described through analysis; another was the period. In Schoenberg's view, "the sentence is a higher form of construction than the period. It not only makes a statement of an idea, but at once starts a kind of development".

Schoenberg's conception of the sentence has been widely adopted in music theory, and appears in many introductory music theory textbooks. While Schoenberg's conception of the sentence is traditionally used in analysis of music from the Classical period, it has also been applied to the Classical music of the 19th and 20th centuries, and to American popular songs from the early twentieth century.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sentence (music)


text:
Category:Colorado Rockies (NHL) players

These are articles about ice hockey players who played in the National Hockey League for the Colorado Rockies. There is also a List of Colorado Rockies (NHL) players.

title: Category:Colorado Rockies (NHL) players


text: User talk:216.120.186.2

title: User talk:216.120.186.2


text:
Parkdale (federal electoral district)

Parkdale was a Canadian federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1979. It included the community of Parkdale in the western part of Toronto, Ontario. It was created in 1914 from Toronto West, and continued to exist until 1976 when most of it was merged into Parkdale—High Park with some sections into Trinity.

Boundary history
It initially consisted of the part of the city of Toronto west of a line beginning where Queen Street West meets Lake Ontario, east along Queen Street West to Dovercourt Road, north the Canadian Pacific Railway, west to the boundary of Ward 7, then along the boundary of Ward 7 to the northwest corner of High Park.

In 1924, it was redefined to consist of the part of the city of Toronto east of Atlantic Avenue and Dovercourt Road, and south of Bloor Street, and west of Indian Road and following Indian Road, Howard Park Avenue, and Sunnyside Avenue.

In 1933, it was redefined to consist of the part of the city of Toronto east of the westerly limit of Davenport Riding from Lake Ontario to the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway; thence westerly along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the boundary between ward six and ward seven of the city of Toronto; thence southerly along the boundary between ward six and ward seven to the point where it intersects Bloor Street; thence westerly along the centre line of Bloor Street to the centre line of Indian Road; thence southerly along the centre line of Indian Road to the centre line of Howard Park Avenue; thence easterly along the centre line of Howard Park Avenue to its intersection with the centre line of Sunnyside Avenue; thence southerly along the centre line of Sunnyside Avenue to Lake Ontario; thence easterly along Lake Ontario to Dufferin Street.

It was further redefined several times.

In 1966, it was defined to consist of the part of Toronto west of Atlantic Avenue and Dovercourt Road, south of Bloor Street, and east of Parkside Drive.

The electoral district was abolished in 1976 when it was merged with parts of the High Park-Humber Valley and Trinity districts to form Parkdale—High Park.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * Government (Unionist)
 * Herbert Mowat
 * align="right"| 13,306
 * Independent
 * Carson Alexander McCormack
 * align="right"| 7,736
 * Opposition (Laurier Liberals)
 * Gordon Waldron
 * align="right"|3,698
 * }

 * Conservative
 * David Spence
 * align="right"|10,705
 * Liberal
 * William Douglas
 * align="right"| 5,487

 * James Simpson
 * align="right"| 2,723
 * }

 * Conservative
 * David Spence
 * align="right"|14,483
 * Liberal
 * Kenneth A. Christie
 * align="right"|5,299
 * }

 * Conservative
 * David Spence
 * align="right"| 11,897
 * Liberal
 * Bertram Tipping
 * align="right"| 4,133
 * }

 * Conservative
 * David Spence
 * align="right"|11,713
 * Liberal
 * Angus Gillies
 * align="right"| 5,823
 * }

 * Conservative
 * David Spence
 * align="right"| 9,619
 * Liberal
 * John Leslie Prentice
 * align="right"| 7,761

 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Rose Henderson
 * align="right"| 3,249
 * }

 * Herbert Alexander Bruce
 * align="right"| 13,605
 * Liberal
 * Jack Travers
 * align="right"| 12,487
 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Herbert Alexander Bruce
 * align="right"|11,588
 * Liberal
 * Jack Travers
 * align="right"|9,981
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Ford Brand
 * align="right"| 4,188

 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Harold Timmins
 * align="right"| 8,212
 * Liberal
 * John Hunter
 * align="right"| 7,569
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Ford Brand
 * align="right"| 6,470
 * Unknown
 * Elizabeth Morton
 * align="right"| 966
 * Unknown
 * Len Palmer
 * align="right"| 64
 * }

 * Liberal
 * John Hunter
 * align="right"| 12,876
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Harold Timmins
 * align="right"| 10,137
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Arthur Waters
 * align="right"| 6,242
 * }

 * Liberal
 * John Hunter
 * align="right"|10,391
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Irene McBrien
 * align="right"| 6,788
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Archie A. Chisholm
 * align="right"| 3,788

 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Arthur Maloney
 * align="right"| 9,882
 * Liberal
 * John Hunter
 * align="right"| 7,671
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Archie A. Chisholm
 * align="right"| 3,979
 * Independent PC
 * John Boland
 * align="right"| 342
 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Arthur Maloney
 * align="right"| 13,640
 * Liberal
 * John Hunter
 * align="right"| 8,599
 * Co-operative Commonwealth
 * Archie A. Chisholm
 * align="right"| 3,492

 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"| 10,780
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Arthur Maloney
 * align="right"| 8,946
 * New Democratic
 * Tom Campbell
 * align="right"| 5,759

 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"| 12,694
 * Progressive Conservative
 * William C. Dymond
 * align="right"|6,308
 * New Democratic
 * Tom Campbell
 * align="right"| 5,538

 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"| 11,974
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Felicity Cochrane
 * align="right"| 6,104
 * New Democratic
 * Ralph Dye
 * align="right"| 5,194
 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"|14,717
 * New Democratic
 * Bruce Rogers
 * align="right"| 8,983
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Kay Armstrong
 * align="right"|5,057
 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"| 12,214
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Lubor J. Zink
 * align="right"| 8,990
 * New Democratic
 * Mike Gurstein
 * align="right"| 6,478
 * No affiliation
 * Dennis Deveau
 * align="right"| 201
 * }

 * Liberal
 * Stanley Haidasz
 * align="right"| 13,134
 * Progressive Conservative
 * Lubor J. Zink
 * align="right"| 7,133
 * New Democratic
 * Evelyn Cotter
 * align="right"| 4,479
 * Independent
 * Terence Young
 * align="right"| 144

 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Yuri Shymko
 * align="right"| 6,759
 * Liberal
 * Art Eggleton
 * align="right"| 5,721
 * New Democratic
 * Doug Little
 * align="right"| 4,806

 * }

title: Parkdale (federal electoral district)


text:
Clyde, New Zealand

Clyde, formerly Dunstan, is a small town in Central Otago, New Zealand with a population of in  It is located on the Clutha River, between Cromwell and Alexandra.

Clyde grew up around the former settlement of Dunstan during the Central Otago goldrush of the 1860s. The town could once claim to be the most populous in New Zealand during the height of gold fever. The town's post office (and thus the town) was officially renamed from Dunstan to Clyde on 22 May 1865, after Lord Clyde.

St Dunstan's Church a now heritage building designed by the architect Francis William Petre in the early English Gothic revival style was built in Clyde in 1903.

More recently the town has been known for the Clyde Dam, a giant hydroelectric dam at the north end of the town, behind which lies Lake Dunstan. The Clutha River is the swiftest river (per volume) in the southern hemisphere. The river then runs to the Roxburgh Dam before finally meeting the sea at Balclutha.

The town is a popular holiday spot. It lies at the western end of the Otago Central Rail Trail. The Otago Central Branch Railway originally terminated at Cromwell, but this section of the railway was closed in 1980, with the railway to Clyde used to bring materials for the dam project. The rail trail is nowadays often cycled and walked by visitors and locals alike.

The township is home to Dunstan Hospital, serving the surrounding district, including Alexandra and Cromwell. The hospital was rebuilt in 2006 with the original building remaining.

Clyde is fast becoming known as a tourist haven. The location is particularly attractive to those visiting the region's many vineyards and orchards. The regional weather is particularly warm and dry during the summer months due to the rain shadow effect caused by the Southern Alps (given New Zealand's westerly winds).

During the week beginning 22 September, the Clyde/Alexandra district hosts a Blossom Festival. This event celebrates the beginning of spring which brings the blossoming of fruit trees in the area's orchards. Entertainment at the festival includes a parade with floats made by local businesses, fun park rides, and bands.

Demographics
Clyde is described by Statistics New Zealand as a small urban area, and covers 2.08 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Clyde had a population of 1,161 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 162 people (16.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 255 people (28.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 528 households, comprising 594 males and 564 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.05 males per female. The median age was 55.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 165 people (14.2%) aged under 15 years, 99 (8.5%) aged 15 to 29, 558 (48.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 342 (29.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 93.8% European/Pākehā, 6.2% Māori, 1.8% Pasifika, 2.3% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 11.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.2% had no religion, 37.5% were Christian, 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.3% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 153 (15.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 198 (19.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $31,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 144 people (14.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 477 (47.9%) people were employed full-time, 156 (15.7%) were part-time, and 21 (2.1%) were unemployed.

Education
Clyde School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of  as of. The school opened in 1863.

The nearest high school is Dunstan High School, which is situated 10 km away in Alexandra.

The nearest university is Otago University 200 km away in Dunedin.

Notable people

 * Steffan Browning, former Green Party MP
 * Jason Hewett, All Black
 * Roy Scott, cricketer

title: Clyde, New Zealand


text:
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title: Wikipedia:Template index/User namespace


text:
Mesca Ulad

Mesca Ulad (English: The Intoxication of the Ulaid; the Ulstermen) is a narrative from the Ulster Cycle preserved in the 12th century manuscripts the Book of Leinster and in the Lebor na hUidre. The title Mesca Ulad occurs only in the Book of Leinster version. The story is set during Samhain, and follows the Ulaid as they attempt to attend two feasts in the same night: the first at Dún Dá Bhenn (modern day County Londonderry) to the north, and the second at Cúchulainn's fortress in Dún Delgan (modern Dundalk, Co. Louth) to the east. The men become intoxicated at the first feast and head south towards Kerry by accident. In Kerry, they are shown false hospitality by their traditional enemies the Munstermen, who offer them a place to stay. The Ulaid accept, and the Munstermen light a bonfire beneath the wood and iron structure. The Ulaids survive.

Manuscript sources

 * Book of Leinster (LL): p 261b-268b (RIA). Second part missing. Middle Irish version.
 * Lebor na hUidre (LU): p 19a-20b (TCD). First part missing. Old Irish version.
 * G4 or Yellow Book of Lecan (YBL): col. 959-972 (National Library of Ireland).
 * Ed. XL or Adv. 72.1.40: p 49-68 (National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh)

Editions and translations

 * Hennessy, William M. (ed. and tr.). Mesca Ulad: or, the Intoxication of the Ultonians. Todd Lecture Series 1. Dublin, 1889. Based on LU and LL. The translation is reprinted in: Eleanor Hull (ed.), The Cuchullin Saga in Irish literature. London, 1898; and in Ancient Irish tales, ed. T.P. Cross and C.H. Slover. New York, 1936. 215–38.
 * Watson, J. Carmichael (ed.). Mesca Ulad. Mediaeval and Modern Irish Series 13. Dublin, 1941 (reprinted in 1983). Based on LU and LL, with variants from YBL and Ed. XL. Edition available from CELT.
 * Mac Gearailt, Uaitéar (ed.). "The Edinburgh Text of Mesca Ulad." Ériu 37 (1986): 133–80. Based on Ed. XL.
 * Watson, J. Carmichael (tr.). "Mesca Ulad". Scottish Gaelic Studies 5 (1938): 1-34 (LL, LU text). (English)
 * Koch, John T. (tr.). In The Celtic Heroic Age, ed. John T. Koch and John Carey. 3d ed. Andover, 2000. 106–27. Provisional translation based on Watson's edition.
 * Gantz, Jeffrey (tr.). "The Intoxication of the Ulaid." In: Early Irish Myths and Sagas. Harmondsworth, 1981. 188–217. (English)
 * Guyonvarc'h, C.-J.( tr.). "L'ivresse des Ulates." Ogam 12 (1960): 487-506; 13 (1961): 343-60 [also in Celticum 2 (1962) 1-38] (French).

Secondary literature

 * Carey, John. "Vernacular Irish Learning: Three Notes." Éigse 24 (1990): 37–44.
 * de Paor, Áine. "The common authorship of some Book of Leinster texts [III. Mesca Ulad]." Ériu 9 (1923): 118–46.
 * Ó Concheanainn, Tomás. "The manuscript tradition of Mesca Ulad." Celtica 19 (1987): 13–30.
 * Sayers, William. "Three charioteering gifts in Táin Bó Cúailnge and Mesca Ulad: immorchor deland, foscul díriuch, léim dar boilg." Ériu 32 (1981): 163–7.
 * Sayers, William. "Portraits of the Ulster Hero Conall Cernach: A Case for Waardenburg's Syndrome?" Emania 20 (2006): 75–80.
 * Thurneysen, Rudolf. Zu irischen Handschriften und Litteraturdenkmälern. Zweite Serie. Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 14.3. Berlin, 1913. See no. 17 for Mesca Ulad.
 * Watson, J. Carmichael. "Mesca Ulad: the redactor's contribution to the later version." Ériu 13 (1940): 95-112.

title: Mesca Ulad


text:
Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany

Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany (Muireadhach Stiubhart) (1362 – 24 May 1425) was a leading Scottish nobleman, the son of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, and the grandson of King Robert II of Scotland, who founded the Stewart dynasty. In 1389, he became Justiciar North of the Forth. In 1402, he was captured at the Battle of Homildon Hill and would spend 12 years in captivity in England.

After his father died in 1420, and while the uncrowned King James I of Scotland was himself held captive in England, Stewart served as Governor of Scotland until 1424, when James was finally ransomed and returned to Scotland. However, in 1425, soon after James's coronation, Stewart was arrested, found guilty of treason, and executed, along with two of his sons. His only surviving heir was James the Fat, who escaped to Antrim, Ireland, where he died in 1429. Stewart's wife Isabella of Lennox survived the destruction of her family. She lived to see the assassination of James I and the restoration of her title and estates.

Early life

Stewart was born in 1362, the only son of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (1340–1420), and his wife Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith. Duke Robert was a leading Scottish nobleman who was Regent of Scotland at various stages during the reigns of three kings, (Robert II, Robert III, and James I). In addition, Duke Robert held the titles of Earl of Menteith (28 February 1361), Earl of Fife (1361; resigned in 1372), Earl of Buchan (1394; resigned in 1406) and Earl of Atholl. In addition to exercising considerable power and wealth, the Albany Stewarts were potential heirs to the throne; Murdoch's grandfather was King Robert II of Scotland, who was the first member of the Stewart dynasty to rule Scotland.

Murdoch Stewart was raised in a large family, having eight sisters:
 * Janet Stewart (married Sir David de Moubray);
 * Mary Stewart (married Sir William Abernathy, 6th of Saltoun);
 * Margaret Stewart (married to Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk);
 * Joan Stewart (married Sir Robert Stewart, Lord of Lorn);
 * Beatrice Stewart (married Sir James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas);
 * Isabella (Isobel) Stewart (married to Alexander Leslie, 7th Earl of Ross and later to Walter de Haliburton, 1st Lord Haliburton of Dirleton);
 * Lady Marjorie Stewart (married to Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell);
 * Lady Elizabeth Stewart (married to Malcolm Fleming, ancestor of Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming).

His mother Margaret died in 1380. His father Duke Robert married a second time, to Muriella de Keith, with whom he had four children, the elder of whom was John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan (1381–1424).

In 1389, at around age 27, Murdoch was appointed Justiciar North of the Forth. Father and son would now work together to expand their family interest, bringing them into violent confrontation with other members of the nobility, such as Donald McDonald, 2nd Lord of the Isles.

War and capture

Stewart served in Scottish military actions against the English in the early 15th century and was captured at the Battle of Homildon Hill, which took place on 14 September 1402 in Northumberland, England. Led by Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, the Scottish army had invaded England bent on plunder, in part to avenge the killing and capture of Scottish nobles in the Battle of Nesbit Moor on 22 June 1402. While returning to Scotland, they were intercepted by English forces led by Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. The result was a decisive defeat of the Scottish army.

William Shakespeare later wrote, in his play Henry IV, part 1:

Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights,

Balk'd in their own blood did Sir Walter see

On Holmedon's plains. Of prisoners, Hotspur took

Mordake the Earl of Fife, and eldest son

To beaten Douglas; and the Earl of Athol,

Of Murray, Angus, and Menteith:

And is not this an honourable spoil?

A gallant prize? ha, cousin, is it not? --- Shakespeare, Henry IV, part 1, act 1, scene 1.

Murdoch Stewart (described above as "Mordake the Earl of Fife") was held as a prisoner in England for the next twelve years.

Politics
Murdoch Stewart's captivity in England did not prevent his father from ruthlessly pursuing the family interest, often through violent means. On 26 March 1402 the Duke of Albany's nephew, David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, had died in Falkland Palace while under his uncle's protection. King Robert III of Scotland, fearful that his younger son Prince James, the heir to the throne of Scotland, would suffer the same fate, sent him out of the kingdom to escape Albany's clutches. In 1406 James boarded the Maryenknyght, a ship from Danzig that was bound for France, but on 22 March 1406, the ship was taken by English pirates off Flamborough Head and James was delivered as a prisoner to King Henry IV of England. Soon afterwards, on 4 April 1406 King Robert III died, leaving Scotland without a King. Prince James, now the heir to the throne of Scotland and just 12 years old, would endure 18 years of detention in England. In his absence the Albany Stewarts took the reins of power, and Murdoch's father, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, became Governor of Scotland, king in all but name. The English price of returning James to Scotland was English overlordship of Scotland, something that few Scots were prepared to accept.

At this time Murdoch Stewart was still a prisoner in England, but in 1416 he was exchanged for Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and he returned to Scotland. The Albany Stewarts took James's lands under their own control, depriving the king of income and any of the regalia of his position. James was referred to in the official records as merely "the son of the late king".

Governor of Scotland and Duke of Albany
In 1420, on his father's death, Murdoch, now aged 58, finally inherited the Dukedom of Albany. He also inherited the Earldom of Fife and the Earldom of Menteith, and at last became Governor of Scotland in his own right. He would hold this position from 1420 to 1424, while King James I was still held captive in England. Few serious attempts appear to have been made by Duke Albany to return James to Scotland, but eventually political pressure compelled Murdoch to agree to a general council.

Ransom and return of James I

In August 1423 it was agreed that an embassy should be sent to England to negotiate James's release. A ransom treaty of 60,000 marks (an enormous sum) was agreed at Durham on 28 March 1424, to which James attached his own seal – he and his queen, accompanied by an escort of English and Scottish nobles, proceeded to Melrose Abbey, arriving on 5 April where he met Albany to receive the governor's seal of office. Upon the return of James I to Scotland, Albany lost his position as Regent.

James began to consolidate his position. His coronation took place at Scone on 21 May 1424. At his coronation parliament the king – probably with the intent of securing a cohesive political community loyal to the crown – knighted 18 prominent nobles including Albany's son Alexander Stewart.

At this stage, it is probable that the king felt unable to take action against the Albany Stewarts while Murdoch's brother, John Stewart, Earl of Buchan and Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas were fighting the English in France alongside their Dauphinist French allies. Buchan was a soldier with an international reputation and commanded the large Scottish army of around 6,000 men, a formidable force. In addition, he was Constable of France, making him the effective commander of the entire French army. However, both he and Douglas were killed at the Battle of Verneuil in August 1424 and the Scottish army was routed – the loss of these Albany allies with their fighting force left Murdoch politically exposed. James moved swiftly against his Albany Stewart relatives soon afterwards.

Arrest
Murdoch was arrested, along with his younger son Lord Alexander Stewart. Albany was at first confined in the castle at St. Andrews and afterwards transferred to Caerlaverock Castle. His wife Isabella was captured in the family's fortified castle of Doune, their favourite residence, and committed to Tantallon Castle.

James's older brother David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay had died young, in Falkland Castle, while in the care of Murdoch's father, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany. Though Albany had been exonerated by Parliament, the suspicion of foul play remained. Moreover, neither Duke Robert nor his son Murdoch had exerted themselves in negotiating James's release while in English captivity. This may well have left James with the suspicion that the Albany Stewarts had personal designs on the throne of Scotland.

At this time Albany's other son Walter was already in prison. James, Murdoch's youngest son (also known as James the Fat), escaped arrest. and fled into the Lennox, where he began to organise a revolt, leading men of Lennox and Argyll in open rebellion against the crown. He attacked and burned the burgh of Dumbarton with much loss of life. This resort to violence by Albany's youngest son may spurred the king into bringing a charge of treason against the Albany Stewarts, however, it is likely there was other evidence (no longer extant) for him to have gained the support of the leading magnates.

Trial and execution

Duke Murdoch, his sons Walter and Alexander, and Duncan, Earl of Lennox were in Stirling Castle for their trial on 18 May 1425, at a prorogued parliament in the presence of the King. An assize of seven earls and fourteen lesser nobles — including Albany's half uncle Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, first cousin Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar, first cousins once removed Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, and Alexander, Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles — heard the evidence that linked the prisoners to the rebellion in the Lennox — in a trial lasting just one day the four men were found guilty of treason.

Walter was condemned on 24 May 1425. Albany and his son Alexander were tried before the same jury the following day. All the prisoners were publicly beheaded on Heading Hill "in front of" Stirling Castle. Albany was attainted and all of his peerage titles were forfeited. He was buried at Blackfriars' Church, Stirling.

In the destruction of his close family, the Albany Stewarts, James I gained the substantial rents from the family's three forfeited earldoms of Fife, Menteith and Lennox, a blow from which the Albany Stewarts never recovered. More importantly, he secured his reign from the threat which had been constantly posed to him by the Albany Stewarts since his older brother's death, probably at their hands, decades before.

Marriage and children
Murdoch was married to Isabella, daughter of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox. They had four sons and a daughter:
 * Robert Stewart (d. 1421);
 * Walter Stewart (executed 1425). Married to Janet Erskine; father of:
 * Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale who became Lord of Avondale in 1459, and Lord Chancellor of Scotland in the same year, becoming one of the leading servants of King James III of Scotland. He would hold the office of Chancellor for 25 years, dying in 1488;
 * Walter Stewart of Morphie;
 * Alexander Stewart;
 * Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale;
 * Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven, married to Margaret Tudor as her 3rd husband; her 1st was James IV of Scotland.
 * Alexander Stewart (executed 1425);
 * James the Fat (Seamas Mòr) Stewart, fled to Ireland and died in 1429.
 * Isabel, who married Sir Walter Buchanan, 12th Laird of Buchanan.

Legacy

Albany's sole surviving male heir was his youngest son, James the Fat who, after his failed rebellion, escaped to Ireland following the execution of his father and brothers. James remained in Ireland, unable to return, and died there in 1429. He was never able to inherit his father's titles, since they had been declared forfeit under the attainder. Albany's grandson, James "Beag" Stewart (c 1410—1470), would eventually secure a pardon from the King and return to Scotland, though the family would never recover their lost estates. James "Beag" Stewart is the ancestor of the Stewarts of Ardvorlich on Lochearnside, whose family history is recounted by Sir Walter Scott in A Legend of Montrose.

Albany's wife, Isabella of Lennox, survived the execution of her family, though she spent eight years as a royal prisoner at Tantallon Castle. In 1437, after the death of James I, she at last recovered her lands and title. In the next few years, although forced to govern her province from Loch Lomond, she issued a large number of charters and was tolerated by James's successor, King James II of Scotland, who allowed her to assume all her titles and honors as Duchess of Albany and Countess of Lennox.

title: Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany


text:
Aljama

Aljama is a term of Arabic origin used in old official documents in Spain and Portugal to designate the self-governing communities of Moors and Jews living under Christian rule in the Iberian Peninsula. In some present-day Spanish cities, the name is still applied to the quarters where such communities lived, though they are many centuries gone.

The Jewish communities of Spain, owing to their social isolation and to the religious and political regulations imposed upon them, had always formed groups apart from the rest of the population. The authority exercised by their own rabbis and the system of tax-collection by the heads of the congregations for the administration of communal affairs, placed them almost completely without the jurisdiction of the government of the country; and, as a result, they soon came to be dealt with by the officials not as subjects amenable to the general law of the land, but as collective bodies with special privileges and special duties.

Thus, the Visigothic kings imposed a tax not upon each individual Jew or upon the heads of families, but upon the community as a whole, allowing the communal authorities to fix the individual rate of taxation. But both under the Visigoths and under the Moors there was neither regularity in the transactions of the rabbis and elders nor system in the attitude of the government toward the Jewish communities. With the reestablishment of Christian rule, however, the relation between the government and its Jewish subjects gradually became a well-defined one.

In 1219 and 1284 in Toledo, in 1273 in Barcelona, in 1290 at Huete, and on more than one occasion during those years in Portugal, councils were held of Spanish officials and Jewish representatives for the purpose of establishing a just rate of taxation for Jewish communities, and of devising adequate means for tax-collection. This first official recognition by the government of the Jewish communities as separate bodies led to a still further change in the treatment of the Jewish congregations and in the legislation, both local and national, regarding them.

The bishops of the various districts assumed immediate authority over them, and, in conjunction with Jewish representatives, formed rules which were henceforth to govern the communities. The elections of rabbis and judges were to be held at stated intervals, and the names of these dignitaries submitted to the bishop for approval; there was to be a Rabino mayor (Rab de la corte; lit. 'court rabbi') for the presentation of communal questions before the proper authorities; and the heads of the congregation were made answerable for the conduct of the community. In all government action, whether local or general, the unit considered was in most cases the community, not the individual Jew.

The governing authority of the state sometimes nominated a member of the Jewish community to the administrative position of crown rabbi to act as intermediary between the aljama and the state. For example in the Kingdom of Aragon, King John I issued edicts in 1386 defining the functions and duties of the Rab Mayor. There were various requirements as to the good character and faith of the person holding the position, as well as a requirement that he live among the entourage of the Court, and thus away from his community, and in constant contact with the Christian majority population. His powers and authorities over the aljama of Castile, economic, judicial, and otherwise, were specified.

Etymology and development of the concept
The word aljama comes from Arabic and refers to the Jama Masjid of a Muslim community, where believers pray Jumu'ah, the communal Friday prayer.

The word aljama is derived from the Arabic jama ('gather') plus the definite article al. It originally meant 'congregation', 'assembly', or 'group', but was, even before the establishment of Spanish rule, applied by the Moors to their own religious bodies and the larger mosques, and especially to the Jewish communities in the midst of them, and to the synagogues and schools which formed the center of all Jewish life. The term was adopted by the Christians, and its meaning extended so as to designate also the quarters that Jews and Moors had made their own. In some Spanish cities, the former Jewish quarters are still known by that name, even though the Jews were expelled in 1492.

Very often, for purposes of distinction, such phrases as Aljama de los Judíos ('Aljama of the Jews') and Aljama de los Moros ('Aljama of the Moors') were used. But the circumstance that the Moors of Spain had by the term designated more especially the Jewish community has left its trace in the use of the word in Spanish; for in Spanish literature aljama, without any further specification, stands for sanedrín or Judería ('Jewry'), or even for the Jewish place of worship, in the concrete as well as in the abstract sense. This use occurs at a very early date. In the "Poem of Alexander", the "Milagros de Nuestra Señora", and the "Duelo de la Virgen" of Gonzalo de Berceo, all of the 13th century, aljama or alfama is employed to designate the people of ancient Jerusalem; and the historian of the 16th century, Mariana, uses aljama for the synagogue: "they devastated their houses and their aljamas."

Tecana of Valladolid
A good example of how much self-government was granted to the Jewish Aljamas is afforded by the "resolution of the meeting", in Spanish called tecana (from takkanah (תקנה), a Hebrew word that, like sanedrín, has been incorporated into Spanish) arrived at by the Aljama of Valladolid in 1432. The report is written partly in Hebrew, and partly in Spanish with Hebrew characters, and is preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale de France at Paris ("Fonds hébreux", No. 585).

From this document it is learned that, at Valladolid, electoral meetings were held by the community every ten years, and that the particular meeting of which an account is given in the document took place in the latter part of Iyar (end of May) and lasted for ten days. The following were some of the matters decided or discussed:
 * 1) The necessity of the Talmud Torah, or Hebrew school, and the rate of taxation for the maintenance of the same, which was decided upon as follows: five maravedis for each of the cattle killed, and one for each sheep; five maravedis for every flask of wine. Five maravedis were also to be paid by a married couple on the day of their wedding, and by a boy on the day of his bar mitzvah. A certain tax was also laid upon inheritances, and various other means of revenue were devised. In connection with this question the employment and salary of private or itinerant teachers were discussed.
 * 2) The election of the judges and of the rabbi of the court, to which much space is accorded in the tecana.
 * 3) The attitude of the individual Jew in his relations with the state. This was by far the most important question discussed. Since permission to decide civil and criminal cases before Jewish judges had been granted by the Spanish government, and since "the Christians, though they be well versed in law, know nothing of Jewish laws," no Jew might plead before a Christian judge, whether religious or civil, except in cases where the taxes and imposts due to the ruler were in litigation, or where special permission was obtained from the dayan, or chief judge of the Aljama. A Jew who arrested another Jew with the aid of a Christian was to be apprehended by the dayan; for a second offense of the same nature, he was to be branded on the forehead and expelled; while the third offense was made punishable by death.

The ability to impose capital punishment is indicative of how wide the Jewish community's autonomy was.

Derived words
From aljama are derived:
 * Aljamado, adjective and noun, the inhabitant of an aljama
 * Aljamía, the Spanish vernacular used by the Jews or Moors, but more specifically the Spanish or Mozarabic language written with Hebrew characters by the Jews, and with Arabic letters by the Moors
 * Aljamiado, adjective and noun, one who speaks or knows the aljamía.

Similar unrelated words

 * Spanish Alhama and Portuguese Alfama derive from Arabic hammam (lit. 'baths').
 * Arabic ra's al-galut meaning exilarch.

title: Aljama


text:
Talk:2004 National League Championship Series

POV
Since I'm not allowed to write POV stuff on the article, let me just say it here. FOR THE LOVE OF ALL THINGS GOOD, PLEASE ASTROS, 43 YEARS AND NO WORLD SERIES APPEARANCE. I BELIEVE IN YOU GUYS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The article fair though. --thequackdaddy 01:59, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Awww... Shucks.... Oh well. I'm proud of the `Stros anyway. They did better than any previous Houston baseball club!--thequackdaddy 03:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Quotes
Is the second to last quote correct? Game 6 did go to 12 innings, afterall, not 6. --Millbrooky 22:02, 26 December 2006 (UTC){{image source|Image:2004NLCSLogo.gif)) Betacommand {{sup|(talk • contribs • Bot)}} 23:32, 24 May 2007 (UTC) {{missing rationale|Image:2004NLCSLogo.gif

Announcers
I think the announcers for the 2004 LCSes are mixed up. Didn't Joe (and company) announce the ALCS while Thom (and company) announce the NLCS? 199.71.183.2 17:08, 17 July 2007 (UTC)Bri

Fair use rationale for Image:2004NLCSLogo.gif
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text:
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title: Wikipedia:Template index/Talk namespace


text:
Glenorchy, New Zealand

Glenorchy is a small settlement at the northern end of Lake Wakatipu in the South Island region of Otago, New Zealand. It is approximately 45 km by road or boat from Queenstown, the nearest large town. There are two pubs, a café and a range of small shops in the town catering mainly to tourists but also to the small resident population. There is also a small airstrip which caters to small planes.

The locality of Paradise is nearby.

The Dart River / Te Awa Whakatipu and Rees River flow into the head of Lake Wakatipu next to Glenorchy.

Naming
Glenorchy was named after Glen Orchy, a valley in Argyll, Scotland.

Demographics
Glenorchy is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 3.93 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2. It is part of the much larger Glenorchy statistical area.

Glenorchy settlement had a population of 318 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 57 people (21.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 126 people (65.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 129 households, comprising 159 males and 159 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 39 people (12.3%) aged under 15 years, 63 (19.8%) aged 15 to 29, 183 (57.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 33 (10.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 91.5% European/Pākehā, 6.6% Māori, 1.9% Pasifika, 3.8% Asian, and 3.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 69.8% had no religion, 21.7% were Christian, 0.9% were Buddhist and 2.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 75 (26.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 27 (9.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 36 people (12.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 198 (71.0%) people were employed full-time, 36 (12.9%) were part-time, and 6 (2.2%) were unemployed.

Glenorchy statistical area
The Glenorchy statistical area also includes Paradise and covers 1464.37 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

The statistical area had a population of 450 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 87 people (24.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 177 people (64.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 177 households, comprising 222 males and 225 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 40.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 51 people (11.3%) aged under 15 years, 84 (18.7%) aged 15 to 29, 261 (58.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 48 (10.7%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 92.0% European/Pākehā, 5.3% Māori, 2.0% Pasifika, 3.3% Asian, and 3.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 35.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 66.7% had no religion, 24.7% were Christian, 1.3% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 105 (26.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 36 (9.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $38,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 69 people (17.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 276 (69.2%) people were employed full-time, 60 (15.0%) were part-time, and 6 (1.5%) were unemployed.

Activities
Glenorchy is a popular tourist spot, close to many tramping tracks. It lies near the borders of Mount Aspiring National Park and Fiordland National Park. The Routeburn Track, one of the New Zealand Great Walks can be accessed by passing through Glenorchy. Lesser known tracks such as the Greenstone and Caples Tracks and the Rees and Dart Tracks can also be accessed.

Some of the activities that can be experienced in or near Glenorchy include: canyoning, fly fishing, jet boating, horse riding, kayaking, mountain biking, skiing, snowboarding, skydiving and boating. Just past the Glenorchy Golf Club is a circular public boardwalk which passes through the Glenorchy Lagoon and is a popular short walk (3.2 km) for tourists and locals.

Films

 * The local scenery was used as one of the settings in the first of Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), the first film in his Lord of the Rings series. Lothlórien, Orthanc, and the scene where Boromir was slain and leant near a tree were a few that were shot in nearby Paradise.
 * Vertical Limit (2000), The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008), and X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) were also filmed in the area.
 * Other films that did location shots in Glenorchy and the surrounding area are Race for the Yankee Zephyr (1981) and The Water Horse (2007).

Television

 * The 2013 BBC television miniseries Top of the Lake was also filmed in the area and was set in and around Paradise. While Queenstown is referred to during the series, Glenorchy doubles as the fictitious town of Laketop.

Education
Glenorchy School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of as of. The first school in the area opened in 1884 at Kinloch, and another opened in 1888 on the road to Paradise. The present school opened near Buckleburn in 1911, and moved to its current site in 1939.

title: Glenorchy, New Zealand


text:
South Shore—St. Margarets

'''South Shore—St. Margarets (formerly South Shore—St. Margaret's and South Shore''') is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. It covers the South Shore region of Nova Scotia.

Demographics
From the 2006 census

Ethnic groups:
 * White: 97.1%
 * First Nations: 1.5%
 * Black: 0.6%

Languages:
 * English: 96.9%
 * French: 1.2%
 * German: 0.6%
 * Other: 1.1%

Religions:
 * Protestant: 71.5%
 * Catholic: 11.5%
 * Other Christian: 1.1%
 * No affiliation: 15.4%

Education:
 * No certificate, diploma or degree: 34.5%
 * High school certificate: 21.2%
 * Apprenticeship or trade certificate or diploma: 12.2%
 * Community college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma: 17.4%
 * University certificate or diploma: 14.7%

Median Age:
 * 45.2

Median total income:
 * $20,580

Average total income:
 * $27,987

Median household income:
 * $44,108

Average household income:
 * $53,111

Median family income:
 * $52,772

Average family income:
 * $61,279

Unemployment:
 * 10.3%

Geography
It consists of: and
 * the counties of Shelburne, Queens and Lunenburg;
 * the western part of the Halifax Regional Municipality, i.e., the part lying west of a line drawn south from the intersection of the boundary between the regional municipality and the County of Hants with the western shoreline of Pockwock Lake along the shoreline to the western extremity of Ponhook Cove, then south in a straight line for approximately 2.7 km to the mouth of the Pockwock River at Wrights Lake, southeast in a straight line for approximately 3.8 km to the northern extremity of Stillwater Lake, south along that lake, southwest along Route 213 (Hammonds Plains Road) to Trunk 3, southeast in a straight line for approximately 18.6 km to the mouth of the Nine Mile River, southwest along Shad Bay (passing west of Cochrans Island) to the Atlantic Ocean.

History
It was created in 1966 mostly from Queens—Lunenburg and Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare. In 2003, the district added portions of Halifax West.

After the 2012 federal electoral redistribution, the riding gained 11% of its new territory from Halifax West.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: South Shore—St. Margarets


text:
Southern Accents

Southern Accents is the sixth studio album by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, released on March 26, 1985, through MCA Records. The album's lead single, "Don't Come Around Here No More", co-written by Dave Stewart of Eurythmics, peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song "Southern Accents" was later covered by Johnny Cash for his Unchained album in 1996.

Background
Originally conceived as a concept album, the theme of Southern Accents became somewhat murky with the inclusion of three songs co-written by Stewart, and several others originally planned for the album left off. Songs cut from the track list include "Trailer", "Crackin' Up" (a Nick Lowe cover), "Big Boss Man" (a Jimmy Reed cover), "The Image of Me" (a Conway Twitty cover), "Walkin' from the Fire", and "The Apartment Song". The first two were released as B-sides, while the two remaining covers (and a demo version of "The Apartment Song") were later released on the Playback box set. A studio version of "The Apartment Song" appeared on Petty's first solo album, Full Moon Fever, released in 1989. "Trailer" was later re-recorded and released in May 2016 by Petty's other band Mudcrutch, on its second studio album, 2. "Walkin' from the Fire" was eventually released on the posthumous box set An American Treasure in 2018. The song "My Life/Your World" from Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) included several of the song's lyrics rewritten.

While mixing the album's opening track, "Rebels", Petty became frustrated and punched a wall, severely breaking his left hand. Subsequent surgery on his hand left him with several pins, wires and screws holding his hand together.

The album cover features an 1865 painting by Winslow Homer titled The Veteran in a New Field.

The album would prove to be the last album to have any involvement of bassist Ron Blair until 2002.

Critical reception
In a three-out-of-five star retrospective review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic commented that while "occasionally, the songs work" and "Don't Come Around Here No More" and "Make It Better (Forget About Me)" expand [the band's] sound nicely", the record was too often "weighed down by its own ambitions".

In the Los Angeles Review of Books, Connor Goodwin said the album is "deeply embedded in nostalgia for the Lost Cause."

Personnel
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
 * Tom Petty – lead vocals (all tracks), electric guitar (tracks 2, 9) , acoustic guitar (track 6) , 12-string guitar (1, 7) , tambourine (track 2) , piano (tracks 3-4) , OBX drum machine (track 8)
 * Mike Campbell – electric guitar (tracks 1-3, 5, 7, 8-9), Dobro (track 4) , slide guitar (track 6) , bass guitar (track 1) , keyboards (tracks 1-2) , keyboard bass (track 3) , piano (track 8) , backing vocals (track 2)
 * Benmont Tench – keyboards (tracks 1, 5, 7, 9), piano (tracks 2, 4) , string synthesizer (track 3) , electric piano (track 6) , vibraphone (track 8) , backing vocals (track 1)
 * Howie Epstein – bass guitar (tracks 3, 5-8), backing vocals (tracks 1-3, 7, 8) , harmony vocals (4, 6, 8)
 * Stan Lynch – drums (all tracks), percussion (tracks 3-4, 8) , backing vocals (track 1)

Additional musicians
 * David A. Stewart – bass guitar (track 2), electric guitar (tracks 2, 5) , backing vocals (tracks 2,3) , sitar (track 3) , synthesizer (track 3)
 * Bobbye Hall – tambourine (tracks 1, 7)
 * The Heart Attack Horns - horns (tracks 1, 7)
 * Malcolm 'Molly' Duncan – saxophone (tracks 1, 5)
 * Greg Smith – baritone saxophone (track 2)
 * William Bergman – tenor saxophone (track 2)
 * John Berry Jr. – horns (track 2)
 * Rick Braun – trumpet (track 2)
 * Jim Coile – tenor saxophone (track 2)
 * Marilyn Martin – backing vocals (track 3)
 * Daniel Rothmuller - cello (track 3)
 * Sharon Celani – backing vocals (track 3)
 * Dean Garcia – bass guitar (track 3)
 * Jack Nitzsche - string arrangement (track 4)
 * Clydene Jackson – backing vocals (track 5)
 * Phil Jones – tambourine (track 5)
 * Dave Plews – trumpet (track 5)
 * Stephanie Spruill – backing vocals (track 5)
 * Julia Tillman Waters – backing vocals (track 5)
 * Maxine Willard Waters – backing vocals (track 5)
 * Marty Jourard – saxophones (track 8)
 * Jerry Hey – horn conductor (track 9)
 * Garth Hudson – keyboards (track 9)
 * Jim Keltner – percussion (track 9)
 * Richard Manuel – harmony vocals (track 9)
 * Ron Blair – bass guitar (track 9)

Production
 * David Bianco – engineer
 * Steve Breitborde – photography
 * Mike Campbell - producer
 * Joel Fein – engineer
 * Winslow Homer – artwork, cover painting
 * Jimmy Iovine – producer
 * Dennis Keeley – photography
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * Tom Petty - producer
 * Robbie Robertson – producer
 * Don Smith – engineer, remixing
 * Steele Works – design, cover design
 * Tommy Steele – art direction, design, cover design
 * David A. Stewart - producer
 * Alan "Bugs" Weidel – engineer
 * Shelly Yakus – engineer, remixing

title: Southern Accents


text:
Khieu Samphan

Khieu Samphan (ខៀវ សំផន; born 28 July 1931) is a Cambodian former communist politician and economist who was the chairman of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, although Pol Pot remained the General Secretary (highest official) in the party.

Prior to joining the Khmer Rouge, he was a member of Norodom Sihanouk's Sangkum government. After the 1967 leftist rebellion, Sihanouk ordered the arrest of leftists including Samphan, who fled into hiding until the Khmer Rouge takeover in 1975. On 7 August 2014, along with other members of the regime, he was convicted and received a life sentence for crimes against humanity during the Cambodian genocide, and a further trial found him guilty of genocide in 2018. He is the oldest living former prime minister and the last surviving senior member of the Khmer Rouge following the deaths of Nuon Chea in August 2019 and Kang Kek Iew (Duch) in September 2020.

Biography
Samphan was born in Svay Rieng Province to Khieu Long, who served as a judge under the French Protectorate government and his wife Por Kong. Samphan was of Khmer-Chinese extraction, having inherited his Chinese heritage from his maternal grandfather. When Samphan was a young boy, Khieu Long was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to imprisonment, leaving Samphan's mother to take up a living selling fruits and vegetables in Kampong Cham Province where he grew up. Nevertheless, Samphan managed to earn a seat at the Lycée Sisowath and was able to travel to France to pursue his university studies in Economics at the University of Montpellier, after which he earned a PhD at the University of Paris.

Samphan became a member of the circle of leftist Khmer intellectuals studying at the Sorbonne, Paris, in the 1950s. His 1959 doctoral thesis Cambodia's Economy and Industrial Development advocated national self-reliance and generally sided with dependency theorists in blaming the wealthy, industrialized states for the poverty of the Third World. He was one of the founders of the Khmer Students' Association (KSA), out of which grew the left-wing revolutionary movements that would so alter Cambodian history in the 1970s, most notably the Khmer Rouge. Once the KSA was shuttered by French authorities in 1956, he founded yet another student organization, the Khmer Students' Union.

Returning from Paris with his doctorate in 1959, Samphan held a law faculty position at the University of Phnom Penh and started L'Observateur, a French-language leftist publication that was viewed with hostility by the government. L'Observateur was banned by the government in the following year and police publicly humiliated Samphan by beating, undressing and photographing him in public. Despite this, Samphan was invited to join Prince Norodom Sihanouk's Sangkum, a 'national movement' that operated as the single political party within Cambodia. Samphan stood as a Sangkum deputy in the 1962, 1964 and 1966 elections, in which the lattermost the rightist elements of the party, led by Lon Nol, gained an overwhelming victory. During his tenure, according to Minister of Information Trinh Hoanh, he was known as "a modest man of relatively humble origins who, even while minister of economy, refused to be driven in a Government limousine". In 1966, he then became a member of a 'Counter-Government' created by Sihanouk to keep the rightists under control. However, Samphan's radicalism led to a split in the party and he had to flee to a jungle after an arrest warrant was issued against him. At the time, he was even rumoured to have been murdered by Sihanouk's security forces.

In the Cambodian coup of 1970, the National Assembly voted to remove Prince Sihanouk as head of state, and the Khmer Republic was proclaimed later that year. The Khmer Rouge, including Samphan, joined forces with the now-deposed Prince Sihanouk in establishing an anti-Khmer Republic coalition known as the National United Front of Kampuchea (FUNK), and an associated government: the Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK). In this alliance with his former enemies, Samphan served as deputy prime minister, minister of defence, and commander-in-chief of the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces, the GRUNK military. FUNK defeated the Khmer Republic in April 1975 and took control of all of Kampuchea.

During the years of Communist Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979), Samphan remained near the top of the movement, assuming the post of president of the central presidium in 1976. His faithfulness to Pol Pot meant that he survived the purges in the later years of the Khmer Rouge rule. His roles within the party suggest he was well entrenched in the upper echelons of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, and a leading figure in the ruling elite.

In 1985, he officially succeeded Pol Pot as leader of the Khmer Rouge, and served in this position until 1998. In December 1998, Samphan and former Pol Pot deputy Nuon Chea surrendered to the Royal Cambodian Government. Prime Minister Hun Sen, however, defied international pressure and Samphan was not arrested or prosecuted at the time of his surrender.

Arrest and trial
On 13 November 2007, the 76-year-old Samphan reportedly suffered a stroke. This occurred one day after the former Khmer Rouge Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ieng Sary and his wife were arrested for war crimes committed while they were in power. At about the same time, a book by Samphan, Reflection on Cambodian History Up to the Era of Democratic Kampuchea, was published; in the book, he wrote that he had worked for social justice and the defence of national sovereignty, while attributing responsibility for all of the group's policies to Pol Pot.

According to Samphan, under the Khmer Rouge, "there was no policy of starving people. Nor was there any direction set out for carrying out mass killings", and "there was always close consideration of the people's well-being". He acknowledged the use of coercion to produce food due to shortages. Samphan also strongly criticized the current government in the book, blaming it for corruption and social ills.

Historian Ben Kiernan stated that Samphan's protestations (such as he regarded the collectivization of agriculture as a surprise, and his expressions of sympathy for Hu Nim, a fellow member of the CPK hierarchy tortured and killed at Tuol Sleng) betrayed the fundamental "moral cowardice" of a man mesmerized by power but lacking any nerve.

After he left a Phnom Penh hospital where he was treated following his stroke, Samphan was arrested by the Cambodia Tribunal and charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes.

In April 2008, Samphan made his first appearance at Cambodia's genocide tribunal. His lawyers, Jacques Vergès and Say Bory, used the defence that while Samphan has never denied that many people in Cambodia were killed, as head of state, he was never directly responsible for any crimes. On 7 August 2014, he and Nuon Chea received life sentences for crimes against humanity. His lawyer immediately announced the conviction would be appealed. The tribunal continued with a trial on his genocide charges as a separate process. The tribunal found him guilty on 16 November 2018 of the crime of genocide against the Vietnamese people, but he was cleared of involvement in the genocidal extermination of the Chams. The judgment also emphasised that Samphan "encouraged, incited and legitimised" the criminal policies that led to the deaths of civilians "on a massive scale" including the millions forced into labour camps to build dams and bridges and the mass extermination of Vietnamese.

On 16 August 2021, Samphan appeared before a court in Phnom Penh to appeal against his conviction, in an attempt to overturn it. The appeal was rejected on 22 September 2022, with the guilty verdicts of genocide, crimes against humanity, and grave breaches of the Geneva Convention affirmed.

title: Khieu Samphan


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