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Ian Fleming Publications

Ian Fleming Publications is the production company formerly known as both Glidrose Productions Limited and Glidrose Publications Limited, named after its founders John Gliddon and Norman Rose. In 1952, author Ian Fleming bought it after completing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale; he assigned most of his rights in Casino Royale, and the works which followed it to Glidrose.

In 1956, Ian Fleming hired literary agent Peter Janson-Smith to handle the foreign translation rights in the James Bond novels. He was the literary consultant and chairman of Ian Fleming Publications until 2001. Today, the Fleming family-owned Ian Fleming Publications administers all Fleming's literary works.

Publication history
After Fleming's death in 1964, the estate either commissioned or permitted new Bond works to be published. In 1968, Kingsley Amis published Colonel Sun, under the pseudonym "Robert Markham". The company changed its name from Glidrose Productions to Glidrose Publications. In 1973, Glidrose sanctioned James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 by John Pearson. In 1977 and again in 1979, Eon Productions authorized Christopher Wood to write novelisations of his scripts for the Bond films The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker.

In 1981 the James Bond book series was revived, with new novels written by John Gardner. After writing 14 Bond books, John Gardner retired in 1996, and Raymond Benson, controversially at first, the first American to write a James Bond novel, replaced him. It was during Benson's six-book run that the company owning the rights to the Bond characters changed names from Glidrose Publications to Ian Fleming Publications; the publisher's new name appeared first in the 1999 book High Time to Kill. Benson stopped writing Bond books in 2002. On what would have been Fleming's 100th birthday—28 May 2008—the novel Devil May Care, appeared. Its author, Sebastian Faulks, was true to Bond's original character and background and provided 'a Flemingesque hero' who drove a battleship grey 1967 T-series Bentley. Next, Ian Fleming Publications commissioned Jeffery Deaver to write Carte Blanche, which was published in May 2011. In April 2012, the company announced that William Boyd would write the next Bond novel and Jonathan Cape in the UK and HarperCollins in Canada and the US published Solo in 2013. Anthony Horowitz's Trigger Mortis appeared in September 2015.

Between 2005 and 2008, Ian Fleming Publications has supported the publication of Charlie Higson's five Young Bond novels telling the adventures of a teenage James Bond in the 1930s. In 2005 the company launched another series of Bond-related spin-off books, The Moneypenny Diaries by Samantha Weinberg, writing as 'Kate Westbrook'. Young Bond returned in 2013 with Shoot to Kill by Steve Cole.

In a controversial move in 2023, the James Bond novels were rewritten to remove references deemed offensive following a sensitivity review commissioned by the company. Some depictions of Black people were removed, while a reference to the "sweet tang of rape," a description of homosexuality as a "disability," and mockery of East Asian people were allowed to remain.

by Ian Fleming

 * 1) Casino Royale (1953) — first American paperback title: You Asked For It
 * 2) Live and Let Die (1954)
 * 3) Moonraker (1955) — first American paperback title: Too Hot to Handle
 * 4) Diamonds Are Forever (1956)
 * 5) From Russia, with Love (1957)
 * 6) Dr. No (1958)
 * 7) Goldfinger (1959)
 * 8) For Your Eyes Only (1960)
 * 9) Thunderball (1961) — "based on a screen treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham and Ian Fleming"
 * 10) The Spy Who Loved Me (1962)
 * 11) On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1963)
 * 12) You Only Live Twice (1964)
 * 13) The Man with the Golden Gun (1965)
 * 14) Octopussy and The Living Daylights (1966)

 * Short stories:

by Kingsley Amis
Written by Kingsley Amis under the pseudonym Robert Markham.
 * 1) Colonel Sun (1968) — last book copyrighted under the Glidrose Productions name

by John Gardner

 * 1) Licence Renewed (1981) — American title: License Renewed
 * 2) For Special Services (1982)
 * 3) Icebreaker (1983)
 * 4) Role of Honour (1984) — American title: Role of Honor
 * 5) Nobody Lives for Ever (1986) — American title: Nobody Lives Forever
 * 6) No Deals, Mr. Bond (1987)
 * 7) Scorpius (1988)
 * 8) Win, Lose or Die (1989)
 * 9) Brokenclaw (1990)
 * 10) The Man from Barbarossa (1991)
 * 11) Death is Forever (1992)
 * 12) Never Send Flowers (1993)
 * 13) SeaFire (1994)
 * 14) COLD (1996) — American title: Cold Fall

by Raymond Benson

 * 1) Zero Minus Ten (1997)
 * 2) The Facts of Death (1998) - last Bond novel copyrighted under the Glidrose Publications name
 * 3) High Time to Kill (1999) - first Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications
 * 4) DoubleShot (2000)
 * 5) Never Dream of Dying (2001)
 * 6) The Man with the Red Tattoo (2002)

 * Short stories:

by Sebastian Faulks
The novel by Sebastian Faulks is a one-off adult Bond novel that follows The Man with the Golden Gun in the 1960s. The book was written to celebrate Ian Fleming's centenary and was released on Fleming's birthday, 28 May 2008.
 * 1) Devil May Care - May 2008

by Jeffery Deaver
The novel by Jeffery Deaver, Carte Blanche, previously known as "Project X", is set in the present era and was published on 28 May 2011.

 * 1) Carte Blanche - May 2011

by William Boyd
On 11 April 2012 it was announced that William Boyd would write the next James Bond novel, entitled Solo, set at the end of the 1960s. The novel was released in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2013, and in the United States and Canada on 8 October 2013.

 * 1) Solo - September 2013

by Anthony Horowitz

 * 1) Trigger Mortis - September 2015
 * 2) Forever and a Day - May 2018
 * 3) With a Mind to Kill - May 2022

by Charlie Higson

 * 1) On His Majesty's Secret Service - May 2023

Novelizations

 * James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) by Christopher Wood
 * James Bond and Moonraker (1979) by Christopher Wood
 * Licence to Kill (1989) by John Gardner
 * GoldenEye (1995) by John Gardner
 * Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) by Raymond Benson
 * The World Is Not Enough (1999) by Raymond Benson
 * Die Another Day (2002) by Raymond Benson

James Bond, Jr.
Written by the pseudonymous R. D. Mascott, it was the first James Bond related book not written by Ian Fleming to be published after Fleming's death. To this day, Ian Fleming Publications has never disclosed or confirmed the author's identity.

 * 1) The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003½ (1967)

The Authorized Biography
Written by Fleming's friend and colleague, John Pearson, the book differs from all other Bond novels in that it is a biography told in the first-person by Pearson upon meeting James Bond.

 * 1) James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 (1973) — first book copyrighted under the Glidrose Publications name.

Charlie Higson
Charlie Higson's novels, part of a series called Young Bond, are prequels to Fleming's series.
 * 1) SilverFin - March 2005
 * 2) Blood Fever - January 2006
 * 3) Double or Die - January 2007
 * 4) Hurricane Gold - September 2007
 * 5) By Royal Command - September 2008

 * Short story:

Steve Cole
In October 2013 Ian Fleming Publications announced that Steve Cole would continue the series, with his first book scheduled to be released in November 2014.

 * 1) Shoot to Kill - November 2014
 * 2) Heads You Die - May 2016
 * 3) Strike Lightning - September 2016
 * 4) Red Nemesis - May 2017

The Moneypenny Diaries
The Moneypenny Diaries is a trilogy chronicling the life of Miss Moneypenny. The books are written by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook.

 * 1) The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel - October 2005
 * 2) Secret Servant: The Moneypenny Diaries - November 2006
 * 3) The Moneypenny Diaries: Final Fling - May 2008

Kim Sherwood

 * 1) Double or Nothing (2023)
 * 2) A Spy Like Me (2024)

Other published works

 * The Diamond Smugglers (1957) — Ian Fleming
 * Thrilling Cities (1963) — Ian Fleming
 * Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang (1964) — Ian Fleming

Chitty Chitty Bang Bang sequel novels
Three novels were given approval by the Ian Fleming Estate

 * Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Flies Again (October 2011) by Frank Cottrell Boyce
 * Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and the Race Against Time (September 2012) by Frank Cottrell Boyce
 * Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Over the Moon (September 2013) by Frank Cottrell Boyce

Unpublished works
The following are stories known to have been written for Glidrose / Ian Fleming Publications, however, were not published.

 * Per Fine Ounce — novel by Geoffrey Jenkins circa 1966.
 * "The Heart of Erzulie" — short story by Raymond Benson circa 2001-2002.

title: Ian Fleming Publications


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Buckland Newton

Buckland Newton is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is situated beneath the scarp slope of the Dorset Downs, 7 + 1/2 mi south of Sherborne. In the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 622. The village covers around 6000 acres.

The village lies within the Buckland Newton Hundred. Amenities in the village include a pub (The Gaggle of Geese), shop, primary school and village hall.

Approximately three quarters of the parish lies within the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

History
The name 'Buckland' derives from bōc-land, Old English for 'charter land' or land with special privileges created by royal diploma, while 'Newton' is a more recent addition taken from Sturminster Newton, a nearby town.

Evidence for prehistoric settlement comes from Bronze Age barrows at Gales Hill and the Iron Age hill fort of Dungeon Hill.

The parish originally had five settlements, each with their own open field system: Buckland Newton, Brockhampton, Duntish, Henley (perhaps previously known as Knoll) and Minterne Parva, the last now part of Minterne Magna parish. Farms based on small mediaeval enclosures include Chaston Farm, Revels Farm, and possibly Bookham.

Although the Parish Church of the Holy Rood was restored in the 19th century, it has a 13th-century chancel and 15th-century nave, west tower and aisles, plus fragments of 12th-century sculpture which are evidence of an earlier structure. In 1980 the writer and literary director Roland Gant described Holy Rood as "a lovely church", but that the first impression it created was not favourable due to its exterior having been rendered in cement, "giving the Perpendicular square tower the look of a Foreign Legion fort". The church has six bells, the oldest having been cast around 1380.

Duntish Court, sited about 1/2 mi north of the main village, was a compact, classical country house built in 1764 beside the main Weymouth to Bath turnpike road. Designed by Sir William Chambers for Fitzwalter Foy, the Court — originally named Castle Hill — had notable plasterwork, grounds of 1300 acre and played a role in the arrest of agricultural labourers in Dorset's 'Captain Swing' riots of 1830. It was demolished in 1965.

Geography
Prominent nearby hills at the top of the escarpment to the southeast include the 820 ft Ball Hill and the 860 ft Lyscombe Hill near the Dorsetshire Gap. The southern part of the parish is mainly chalk with an elevation ranging from 500 - 800 ft. The northern lies between 300 - 500 ft above sea-level and is mainly clay with Gault and Corallian Limestone beds.

The River Lydden rises in the numerous springs round the village, principally Buckland Bottom and Bladeley Bottom

There are 11 locally recognised Sites of Nature Conservation Interest within or close to the parish, as well as areas of Ancient Woodland. The main habitat types for sites of wildlife interest are deciduous woodland and calcareous grassland (the latter is particularly significant for butterflies). There is also a small area of lowland meadows within Buckland Newton Itself.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Buckland Newton


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San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia

San Andrés is the capital city of the department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, in Colombia. As of 2005 its population was 55,426.

Overview
It is situated at the north end of San Andrés Island, on the Caribbean Sea, with the runway of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport bisecting the western urban portion area clustering the cape of Punta Norte from the Eastern portion of the urban area. The population is considered to be about 20% Raizals and 80% mainland Colombians. The economy is mainly sustained by tourism and commercial fishing. Once a duty-free port, it still has a relatively vigorous shopping district selling various consumer goods at bargain prices, including Colombian gold and emerald jewellery, leather goods and other distinctively Colombian wares.

San Andrés has become such a byword for bargain shopping in Colombia that many towns and cities have a bargain shopping area known as a San Andresito ("little San Andres").

Twin towns

 * 🇺🇸 San Clemente (California, USA)

title: San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia


text: Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate


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Burstock

Burstock is a village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, 5 mi south of Crewkerne. In the 2011 census the parish had 59 dwellings, 49 households and a population of 120.

In 1086 Burstock was recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Bureuuinestoch', meaning a farm ('stoc') owned by either 'Burgwine' (a man) or 'Burgwynn' (a woman). It had 12 households, 8 acres of meadow and 3 ploughlands. It was in Whitchurch Canonicorum Hundred, the lord was William Malbank and the tenant-in-chief was Earl Hugh of Chester.

Before the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the mid 16th century, Burstock was closely associated with the Cistercian monks at nearby Forde Abbey; at Whetham, in the north of the parish, the abbey developed a mill, and in 1316 the Abbot became Burstock's lord of the manor.

title: Burstock


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Rathdowney

Rathdowney or Rathdowny is a town in southwest County Laois, Ireland. It lies some 32 km southwest of Portlaoise in the Irish Midlands, at the point where the R433 regional road from Abbeyleix to Templemore is crossed by the R435 from Borris-in-Ossory to Johnstown. The R433 provides access for Rathdowney to the Dublin-Cork M8 motorway, while the R435 links the town to the Dublin-Limerick M7. As of the 2016 census, the population of Rathdowney was 1,271. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

History
Rathdowney is named after a nearby ringfort, or ráth, which was levelled in 1830. This ráth is mentioned three times in the Annals of the Four Masters:

 * 874 Flaithri, son of Máel Dúin, Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe (Rathdowney) died
 * 909 Maelpadraig, son of Flaithri, Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe, died
 * 1069 Gillamoula, grandson of Bruaideadh, Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe

The settlement of Rathdowney has existed since at least the 9th century. Historically it forms part of the Kingdom of Osraige, and today it remains part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory, as such Rathdowney is not historically part of Laois. The present-day county of Laois is a modern administrative construct. A half mile southeast of Rathdowney, there stood until 1836, the ruins of a castle called Rathpiper, which most probably took its name from "Pipard", a descendant of Adam de Hereford. This locality of "Pyperath" within Rathdowny parish appears to have been a royal site associated with the medieval Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty, as documents relating to meeting there in 1558 show.

The Croppy's Grave located in the town's central square is the still visible cobbled grave of a croppy revolutionary hanged and buried there in 1798. The site also contains a recent memorial.

The town was raided at least once by anti-treaty forces during the Irish Civil War of 1922 to 1923.

Queen Victoria passed through Rathdowney during her first visit to Ireland in 1849 and in a letter to her maternal sibling Princess Feodora of Leiningen about the visit to Ireland she described passing through a town assumed to be Rathdowney by historians as "a quaint village, surrounded by hills" and went on to describe it as "an idyllic small town".

Churches
Saint Andrew's Church of Ireland church, which overlooks the town's square, was built in the early 19th century. It stands on the traditional site of the pre-Reformation church. A Roman Catholic church was constructed on the main street in the 1830s, and this church served the Catholic population of the area for the next 120 years before it too was demolished; to be replaced by a shrine and carpark. A new larger Catholic church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, was designed by Simon Aloysius Leonard and built on the west side of the town in the 1950s.

There are a number of "mass pits" (outdoor areas used for Catholic masses during penal times) located in the vicinity of the town.

Economy
The Meadow Meats processing plant is part of the Dawn Meats Group and was the largest employer in the town. This factory stands on the old Perry's Brewery site, it was purchased by Lyons Meats in 1968 and converted by them to a meat processing facility, which went into production in 1971. Rathdowney is also something of a centre for several out lying villages and is a focal point for the surrounding agricultural hinterland.

People

 * Tony Byrne, international footballer.
 * Ned Campion, internation showjumper
 * Kieran Patrick Kelly, suspected serial killer.
 * Edward Ledwich, historian, antiquary and topographer, was curate in Rathdowney for a time.
 * John Moyney, an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, was born in Rathdowney.
 * James Pearson, also a Victoria Cross recipient from Rathdowney.
 * Kieran Phelan, Irish politician, member of Seanad 2002–2010.
 * Thomas Prior, author and founder of the Royal Dublin Society.

title: Rathdowney


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Padma Lakshmi

Padma Parvati Lakshmi (born September 1, 1970) is an Indian-American author, model, activist, and television host. Born in India, Lakshmi immigrated to the United States as a child and was raised in California. She became a model before embarking on a career in television. Lakshmi hosted the cooking competition program Top Chef on Bravo continuously from 2006 to 2023. For her work, she received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Reality Host in 2009 and 2020 through 2022. She is also the creator, host, and executive producer of the docuseries Taste the Nation with Padma Lakshmi, which premiered in June 2020 on Hulu. The series covers the food and culture of immigrant and indigenous communities across America.

She has written five books: two cookbooks, Easy Exotic and Tangy, Tart, Hot & Sweet; an encyclopedia, The Encyclopedia of Spices & Herbs: An Essential Guide to the Flavors of the World; a memoir, Love, Loss, and What We Ate; and a children's book, Tomatoes for Neela illustrated by Juana Martinez-Neal.

In 2023, she was listed among Time 's 100 most influential people in the world.

Early life and education
Padma Parvati Lakshmi was born in Madras (now Chennai), India. Her mother Vijaya is a retired oncology nurse. Her parents divorced when she was two years old.

Lakshmi emigrated to the United States at age four and was raised in New York City before moving to La Puente, California with her mother and stepfather. As a teenager growing up in Los Angeles, she stated that she was bullied and endured racism and anti-Indian sentiment, which caused her to struggle to overcome "internalized self-loathing."

In 1984, when Lakshmi was 14 years old, she was hospitalized for three weeks and eventually diagnosed with Stevens–Johnson syndrome, a rare illness caused by hypersensitivity to an infection or a potentially fatal reaction to certain kinds of medications.

Two days after her discharge from the hospital, she was injured in a car accident in Malibu, California, which left her with a fractured right hip and a shattered right upper arm. The arm injury required surgery, from which she retained a seven-inch scar between her elbow and shoulder.

Lakshmi graduated from William Workman High School in City of Industry, California, in 1988.

In a 2018 essay for The New York Times, Lakshmi revealed that she was raped by her older boyfriend when she was 16, which she did not report. She stated that her decision to keep silent about the rape resulted from her stepfather's relative assaulting her when she was seven years old. After she told her mother and stepfather about his assault, they sent her to live with her grandparents for a year. She wrote, "The lesson was: If you speak up, you will be cast out." She said, "I am speaking now because I want us all to fight so that our daughters never know this fear and shame and our sons know that girls' bodies do not exist for their pleasure and that abuse has grave consequences."

Modeling
In effect, Lakshmi began her modeling career at age 21, when a modeling agent discovered Lakshmi while she was studying in Madrid. She has said, "I was the first Indian model to have a career in Paris, Milan, and New York. I'm the first one to admit that I was a novelty." Lakshmi was able to pay off her college loans by working as a model and actress.

She has modeled for designers including Emanuel Ungaro, Giorgio Armani, Gianni Versace, Ralph Lauren, and Alberta Ferretti and appeared in ad campaigns for Roberto Cavalli and Versus. She was a favorite model of the photographer Helmut Newton, whose photographs of her often highlighted the large scar on her right arm.

Lakshmi has appeared on the covers of Redbook, Vogue India, FHM, Cosmopolitan, L'Officiel India, Asian Woman, Elle, Avenue, Industry Magazine, Marie Claire (India Edition), Harper's Bazaar, Town & Country, and Newsweek. She also posed nude for the May 2009 issue of Allure.

She has done shoots for photographers Mario Testino and Helmut Newton.

Film, television, and hosting
Lakshmi served as a host of Domenica In, an Italian program, in 1997. She hosted the Food Network series Padma's Passport, which was part of the larger series Melting Pot in 2001, where she cooked recipes from around the world. She also hosted two one-hour specials in South India and Spain for the British culinary tourism show Planet Food, broadcast on the Food Network in the U.S. and internationally on the Discovery Channels. Lakshmi was also an official contributor for season 19 of The View from 2015 to 2016.

Lakshmi was a host and judge on the television show Top Chef. She also serves as an executive producer of the show. Lakshmi was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program in 2009 and in 2020 through 2022 for Top Chef. In 2020, Lakshmi won three Critic's Choice Awards for Top Chef. In 2023 she departed from the show following the twentieth season.

Lakshmi is also the creator, host, and executive producer of Taste the Nation with Padma Lakshmi, which premiered on Hulu on June 18, 2020, and received the Gotham Award for Breakthrough Series and a Critic's Choice Award for Best Culinary Show. Taste the Nation received 100% on Rotten Tomatoes. In 2021, Hulu released a 4-episode special, Taste the Nation: Holiday Edition. In June 2022, Lakshmi received her first James Beard Foundation Award for Taste the Nation: Holiday Edition.

Her first film roles were in the Italian pirate movies The Son of Sandokan and Caraibi (Pirates: Blood Brothers). She had a comical supporting part as the lip-synching disco singer Sylk in the 2001 American movie Glitter, starring Mariah Carey. In 2002, Lakshmi made a guest appearance as alien princess Kaitaama in "Precious Cargo," the 37th episode of the science fiction TV series Star Trek: Enterprise. She portrayed Madhuvanthi in the TV movie Sharpe's Challenge (aired 2006). In 2006, she appeared in ABC's Biblical TV series The Ten Commandments as Princess Bithia. In 2009, Lakshmi starred in the video for the Eels song "That Look You Give That Guy."

She starred in the 2003 Bollywood film Boom, alongside Katrina Kaif and Madhu Sapre, as one of three supermodels accused of stealing diamonds. She played the role of Geeta in Paul Mayeda Berges's 2005 film The Mistress of Spices. Lakshmi also made a guest appearance on the NBC series 30 Rock in 2009 and appeared on Whose Line Is It Anyway? in 2014.

Books and writing
Lakshmi's first cookbook, Easy Exotic, a compilation of international recipes and short essays released in 1999, was awarded the Best First Book at the 1999 Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in Versailles. Her second cookbook, Tangy, Tart, Hot and Sweet, was released on October 2, 2007, and was reissued in March 2021. Her first memoir, Love, Loss and What We Ate, was released on International's Women's Day, March 8, 2016. Also in 2016, Lakshmi's third culinary book, an encyclopedia and reference guide, The Encyclopedia of Spices and Herbs: An Essential Guide to the Flavors of the World, was released on October 4. Her first children's book Tomatoes for Neela, released on August 31, 2021 and illustrated by Juana Martinez-Neal, debuted fourth on The New York Times best-seller list.

 * Easy Exotic: A Model's Low Fat Recipes From Around the World (1999, Hyperion Books)
 * Tangy, Tart, Hot and Sweet: A World of Recipes for Every Day (2007, Hachette Book Group)
 * Love, Loss, and What We Ate: A Memoir (2016, Ecco)
 * The Encyclopedia of Spices and Herbs: An Essential Guide to the Flavors of the World (2016, HarperCollins)
 * Tomatoes for Neela (2021, Viking Children's Books)

Lakshmi also guest edited The Best American Travel Writing 2021, a collection of essays from renowned travel writers.

Lakshmi wrote a syndicated column in The New York Times and has written articles on style for the American edition of Vogue, at editor Anna Wintour's request. She also wrote a column on style for Harper's Bazaar (UK and US editions), following a commission from editor Glenda Bailey.

She launched a lingerie collaboration with Bare Necessities in June 2024.

Personal life
In April 2004, after living together for five years, Lakshmi and novelist Salman Rushdie married. Rushdie stated that Lakshmi asked for a divorce in January 2007, and in July 2007, the couple filed it. She also dated billionaire Theodore J. Forstmann.

On February 22, 2010, Lakshmi gave birth to her daughter with businessman Adam Dell.

Lakshmi speaks five languages: Tamil, Hindi, English, Spanish, and Italian.

At age 36, Lakshmi was diagnosed with endometriosis, which she has had since early adolescence.

In 2022, Lakshmi was honored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York's Great Immigrant Award.

Philanthropy
Lakshmi is a co-founder of the Endometriosis Foundation of America, a nonprofit organization focused on increasing awareness, education, research, and legislative advocacy against the disease. The foundation was instrumental in the 2009 opening of the MIT Center for Gynepathology Research, where Lakshmi gave the keynote address.

Activism
Lakshmi is known as an advocate for immigrant rights, the independent restaurant industry, and women's rights.

Lakshmi is the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ambassador for immigration and women's rights. She has also been a critic of skin-lightening creams marketed to people of color. She has also spoken about the colorism she has experienced while living in India and the United States.

Lakshmi was appointed United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador on March 7, 2019. "My main mission as UNDP Goodwill Ambassador is to shine a spotlight on the fact that inequality can affect people in rich and poor countries alike. Many nations have greatly reduced poverty, but inequality has proved more stubborn," said Lakshmi. "Inequality is further compounded by gender, age, ethnicity, and race. It especially affects women, minorities, and others who face unimaginable discrimination in the societies in which they live." In December 2021, she received the Advocate of the Year Award by the United Nations Correspondents Association (UNCA). In October 2022, Lakshmi was honored at the 20th edition of the ACLU's Sing Out For Freedom benefit concert along with Patti Smith and Shaina Taub.

title: Padma Lakshmi


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Hyperbolic quaternion

In abstract algebra, the algebra of hyperbolic quaternions is a nonassociative algebra over the real numbers with elements of the form
 * $$q = a + bi + cj + dk, \quad a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{R} \!$$

where the squares of i, j, and k are +1 and distinct elements of {i, j, k} multiply with the anti-commutative property.

The four-dimensional algebra of hyperbolic quaternions incorporates some of the features of the older and larger algebra of biquaternions. They both contain subalgebras isomorphic to the split-complex number plane. Furthermore, just as the quaternion algebra H can be viewed as a union of complex planes, so the hyperbolic quaternion algebra is a pencil of planes of split-complex numbers sharing the same real line.

It was Alexander Macfarlane who promoted this concept in the 1890s as his Algebra of Physics, first through the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1891, then through his 1894 book of five Papers in Space Analysis, and in a series of lectures at Lehigh University in 1900.

Algebraic structure
Like the quaternions, the set of hyperbolic quaternions form a vector space over the real numbers of dimension 4. A linear combination

 * $$q = a+bi+cj+dk$$

is a hyperbolic quaternion when $$a, b, c,$$ and $$d$$ are real numbers and the basis set $$\{1,i,j,k\}$$ has these products:

 * $$ij=k=-ji$$
 * $$jk=i=-kj$$
 * $$ki=j=-ik$$
 * $$i^2=j^2=k^2=+1$$

Using the distributive property, these relations can be used to multiply any two hyperbolic quaternions.

Unlike the ordinary quaternions, the hyperbolic quaternions are not associative. For example, $$(ij)j = kj = -i$$, while $$i(jj) = i$$. In fact, this example shows that the hyperbolic quaternions are not even an alternative algebra.

The first three relations show that products of the (non-real) basis elements are anti-commutative. Although this basis set does not form a group, the set

 * $$\{1,i,j,k,-1,-i,-j,-k\}$$

forms a loop, that is, a quasigroup with an identity element. One also notes that any subplane of the set M of hyperbolic quaternions that contains the real axis forms a plane of split-complex numbers. If

 * $$q^*=a-bi-cj-dk$$

is the conjugate of $$q$$, then the product

 * $$q(q^*)=a^2-b^2-c^2-d^2$$

is the quadratic form used in spacetime theory. In fact, for events p and q, the bilinear form
 * $$\eta (p,q) = -p_0q_0 + p_1q_1 + p_2q_2 + p_3q_3 $$

arises as the negative of the real part of the hyperbolic quaternion product pq*, and is used in Minkowski space.

Note that the set of units U = {q : qq* ≠ 0 } is not closed under multiplication. See the references (external link) for details.

Discussion
The hyperbolic quaternions form a nonassociative ring; the failure of associativity in this algebra curtails the facility of this algebra in transformation theory. Nevertheless, this algebra put a focus on analytical kinematics by suggesting a mathematical model: When one selects a unit vector r in the hyperbolic quaternions, then r 2 = +1. The plane $$D_r = \lbrace t + x r : t, x \in R \rbrace $$ with hyperbolic quaternion multiplication is a commutative and associative subalgebra isomorphic to the split-complex number plane. The hyperbolic versor $$\exp(a r) = \cosh(a) + r \sinh(a) $$ transforms Dr by
 * $$\begin{align}

t + x r && \mapsto \quad & \exp(a r) (t + x r)\\ &&=\quad& (\cosh(a) t + x \sinh(a)) + (\sinh(a) t + x \cosh(a)) r. \end{align}$$ Since the direction r in space is arbitrary, this hyperbolic quaternion multiplication can express any Lorentz boost using the parameter a called rapidity. However, the hyperbolic quaternion algebra is deficient for representing the full Lorentz group (see biquaternion instead).

Writing in 1967 about the dialogue on vector methods in the 1890s, historian Michael J. Crowe commented
 * The introduction of another system of vector analysis, even a sort of compromise system such as Macfarlane's, could scarcely be well received by the advocates of the already existing systems and moreover probably acted to broaden the question beyond the comprehension of the as-yet uninitiated reader.

Geometry
Later, Macfarlane published an article in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1900. In it he treats a model for hyperbolic space H3 on the hyperboloid

 * $$H^3 = \{ q \in M: q(q^*)=1 \} .$$

This isotropic model is called the hyperboloid model and consists of all the hyperbolic versors in the ring of hyperbolic quaternions.

Historical review
The 1890s felt the influence of the posthumous publications of W. K. Clifford and the continuous groups of Sophus Lie. An example of a one-parameter group is the hyperbolic versor with the hyperbolic angle parameter. This parameter is part of the polar decomposition of a split-complex number. But it is a startling aspect of finite mathematics that makes the hyperbolic quaternion ring different:

The basis $$\{1,\,i,\,j,\,k\}$$ of the vector space of hyperbolic quaternions is not closed under multiplication: for example, $$ji=-\!k$$. Nevertheless, the set $$\{1,\,i,\,j,\,k,\,-\!1,\,-\!i,\,-\!j,\,-\!k\}$$ is closed under multiplication. It satisfies all the properties of an abstract group except the associativity property; being finite, it is a Latin square or quasigroup, a peripheral mathematical structure. Loss of the associativity property of multiplication as found in quasigroup theory is not consistent with linear algebra since all linear transformations compose in an associative manner. Yet physical scientists were calling in the 1890s for mutation of the squares of $$i$$,$$j$$, and $$k$$ to be $$+1$$ instead of $$-1$$ : The Yale University physicist Willard Gibbs had pamphlets with the plus one square in his three-dimensional vector system. Oliver Heaviside in England wrote columns in the Electrician, a trade paper, advocating the positive square. In 1892 he brought his work together in Transactions of the Royal Society A where he says his vector system is
 * simply the elements of Quaternions without quaternions, with the notation simplified to the uttermost, and with the very inconvenient minus sign before scalar product done away with.

So the appearance of Macfarlane's hyperbolic quaternions had some motivation, but the disagreeable non-associativity precipitated a reaction. Cargill Gilston Knott was moved to offer the following:

Theorem (Knott 1892)
 * If a 4-algebra on basis $$\{1,\,i,\,j,\,k\}$$ is associative and off-diagonal products are given by Hamilton's rules, then $$i^2=-\!1=j^2=k^2$$.

Proof:
 * $$j = ki = (-ji)i = -j(ii)$$, so $$i^2 = -1$$. Cycle the letters $$i$$, $$j$$, $$k$$ to obtain $$i^2=-1=j^2=k^2$$. QED.

This theorem needed statement to justify resistance to the call of the physicists and the Electrician. The quasigroup stimulated a considerable stir in the 1890s: the journal Nature was especially conducive to an exhibit of what was known by giving two digests of Knott's work as well as those of several other vector theorists. Michael J. Crowe devotes chapter six of his book A History of Vector Analysis to the various published views, and notes the hyperbolic quaternion:

 * Macfarlane constructed a new system of vector analysis more in harmony with Gibbs–Heaviside system than with the quaternion system. ...he...defined a full product of two vectors which was comparable to the full quaternion product except that the scalar part was positive, not negative as in the older system.

In 1899 Charles Jasper Joly noted the hyperbolic quaternion and the non-associativity property while ascribing its origin to Oliver Heaviside.

The hyperbolic quaternions, as the Algebra of Physics, undercut the claim that ordinary quaternions made on physics. As for mathematics, the hyperbolic quaternion is another hypercomplex number, as such structures were called at the time. By the 1890s Richard Dedekind had introduced the ring concept into commutative algebra, and the vector space concept was being abstracted by Giuseppe Peano. In 1899 Alfred North Whitehead promoted Universal algebra, advocating for inclusivity. The concepts of quasigroup and algebra over a field are examples of mathematical structures describing hyperbolic quaternions.

Macfarlane's hyperbolic quaternion paper of 1900
The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh published "Hyperbolic Quaternions" in 1900, a paper in which Macfarlane regains associativity for multiplication by reverting to complexified quaternions. While there he used some expressions later made famous by Wolfgang Pauli: where Macfarlane wrote
 * $$ij=k\sqrt{-1}$$
 * $$jk=i\sqrt{-1}$$
 * $$ki=j\sqrt{-1},$$

the Pauli matrices satisfy
 * $$\sigma_1\sigma_2=\sigma_3\sqrt{-1}$$
 * $$\sigma_2\sigma_3=\sigma_1\sqrt{-1}$$
 * $$\sigma_3\sigma_1=\sigma_2\sqrt{-1}$$

while referring to the same complexified quaternions.

The opening sentence of the paper is "It is well known that quaternions are intimately connected with spherical trigonometry and in fact they reduce the subject to a branch of algebra." This statement may be verified by reference to the contemporary work Vector Analysis which works with a reduced quaternion system based on dot product and cross product. In Macfarlane's paper there is an effort to produce "trigonometry on the surface of the equilateral hyperboloids" through the algebra of hyperbolic quaternions, now re-identified in an associative ring of eight real dimensions. The effort is reinforced by a plate of nine figures on page 181. They illustrate the descriptive power of his "space analysis" method. For example, figure 7 is the common Minkowski diagram used today in special relativity to discuss change of velocity of a frame of reference and relativity of simultaneity.

On page 173 Macfarlane expands on his greater theory of quaternion variables. By way of contrast he notes that Felix Klein appears not to look beyond the theory of Quaternions and spatial rotation.

title: Hyperbolic quaternion


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Cann, Dorset

Cann is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated on the A350 road in the North Dorset administrative district, 1 mi south of Shaftesbury. The civil parish covers 2600 acre and has an underlying geology of Kimmeridge clay, greensand and gault clay. In the 2011 census the parish—which includes HM Prison Guys Marsh—had a population of 822.

title: Cann, Dorset


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title: Category:Rishis


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Sweet Tooth

A sweet tooth is a fondness or craving for sweet foods.

Sweet Tooth may also refer to:

Biology

 * The "sweet tooth" behavioral phenotype (i.e., a fondness or craving for sweet foods), caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism of the FGF21 gene

Fictional characters

 * Sweet Tooth, a character in the video game series Twisted Metal
 * Sweet Tooth, a villain in the 1977 animated TV series The New Adventures of Batman
 * Sweet-Tooth Jangala, a character in the PlayStation 2 port of the 2008 racing video game Speed Racer: The Videogame
 * Sweet Tooth, a villain in the 2012 musical Holy Musical B@man!
 * Dr. Sweet Tooth, a character in The 7D
 * Sweet Tooth, a character in the defunct online MMPORG game Moshi Monsters

Literature

 * Sweet Tooth (comics), a comic strip in the British comic Whizzer and Chips
 * A 1989 story by Lin Carter
 * Sweet Tooth (novel), a 2012 novel by Ian McEwan
 * Sweet Tooth (Vertigo), an American comic book limited series by Jeff Lemire

Television or movies

 * Sweet Tooth (TV series), an American fantasy drama series based on the comic book

Music

 * Halloween: Sweet Tooth, a 2007 album in the Halloween series by Mannheim Steamroller
 * Sweet Tooth, a 1990s British band that included Justin Broadrick
 * Sweet Tooth, a 2007 album by The Electric Confectionaires
 * "Sweet Tooth", a song by the band Free from Tons of Sobs
 * "Sweet Tooth", a song by Marilyn Manson from Portrait of an American Family
 * "Sweet Tooth", a song by Raheem DeVaughn from The Love Experience
 * "Sweet Tooth", a song by Cavetown from Sleepyhead
 * Sweet Tooth, a 2022 album by Odanak musician Mali Obomsawin

Other uses

 * Sweet Tooth, an American thoroughbred racehorse named 1977 Kentucky Broodmare of the Year
 * Sweet Tooth, a strain of Cannabis that won the 2001 Cannabis Cup

title: Sweet Tooth


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text:
Gastronomy

Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome, while a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. Theoretical gastronomy supports practical gastronomy. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics.

Etymology
Archestratus wrote a guide to the foods of the Mediterranean in the form of a poem called "Gastronomy", according to Chrysippus of Tyana; only fragmentary quotations remain. The word is a compound of Greek γαστρ(ο)- 'stomach' and νόμος lit. 'custom', modeled on 'astronomy'. It was revived in 1801 as the title of a poem by Joseph Berchoux. It was Brillat-Savarin, in his Physiologie du goût (1825) who systematized the study of food and cooking under this name.

History
Gastronomy involves discovering, tasting, experiencing, researching, understanding and writing about food preparation and the sensory qualities of human nutrition as a whole. It also studies how nutrition interfaces with the broader culture. The biological and chemical basis of cooking has become known as molecular gastronomy, while gastronomy covers a much broader, interdisciplinary ground.

Pascal Ory, a French historian, defines gastronomy as the establishment of rules of eating and drinking, an "art of the table", and distinguishes it from good cooking (bonne cuisine) or fine cooking (haute cuisine). Ory traces the origins of gastronomy back to the French reign of Louis XIV when people took interest in developing rules to discriminate between good and bad style and extended their thinking to define good culinary taste. The lavish and sophisticated cuisine and practices of the French court became the culinary model for the French. Alexandre Grimod de La Reynière wrote the gastronomic work Almanach des gourmands (1803), elevating the status of food discourse to a disciplined level based on his views of French tradition and morals. Grimod aimed to reestablish order lost after the revolution and institute gastronomy as a serious subject in France. Grimod expanded gastronomic literature to the three forms of the genre: the guidebook, the gastronomic treatise, and the gourmet periodical. The invention of gastronomic literature coincided with important cultural transformations in France that increased the relevance of the subject. The end of nobility in France changed how people consumed food; fewer wealthy households employed cooks and the new bourgeoisie class wanted to assert their status by consuming elitist food. The emergence of the restaurant satisfied these social needs and provided good food available for popular consumption. The center of culinary excellence in France shifted from Versailles to Paris, a city with a competitive and innovative culinary culture. The culinary commentary of Grimod and other gastronomes influenced the tastes and expectations of consumers in an unprecedented manner as a third party to the consumer-chef interaction.

The French origins of gastronomy explain the widespread use of French terminology in gastronomic literature. Pascal Ory criticizes this literature as conceptually vague; relying heavily on anecdotal evidence; and using confusing, poorly defined terminology. Nevertheless, gastronomy has grown from a marginalized subject in France to a serious and popular interest worldwide.

The derivative gourmet has come into use since the publication of Physiology of Taste (Physiologie du goût) an 1825 cooking treatise by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, a lawyer and politician who aimed to define classic French cuisine. While the work contains some flamboyant recipes, it goes into the theory of preparation of French dishes and hospitality. According to Brillat-Savarin: "Gastronomy is the knowledge and understanding of all that relates to man as he eats. Its purpose is to ensure the conservation of men, using the best food possible."

Writings on gastronomy
Many writings on gastronomy throughout the world capture the thoughts and aesthetics of a culture's cuisine during a period in their history. Some works continue to define or influence the contemporary gastronomic thought and cuisine of their respective cultures.

Some additional historical examples:
 * Apicius or De re Coquinaria (On the Subject of Cooking): A 1st-to-5th-century collection of ancient Roman recipes, often attributed (without clear evidence) to the gourmet Marcus Gavius Apicius, it contains instructions for preparing dishes enjoyed by the elite of the time. A new English translation was published in 2009 as Cookery and Dining in Imperial Rome.
 * Suiyuan Shidan (隨園食單, The Way of Eating, also known in English as Recipes from the Garden of Contentment): An 18th-century manual on Chinese cuisine of Qing dynasty by the poet Yuan Mei, it contains recipes from different social classes at the time along with two chapters on Chinese gastronomic and culinary theory. The first translation into English was completed in 2017.

title: Gastronomy


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Wagon Train

Wagon Train is an American Western television series that aired for eight seasons, first on the NBC television network (1957–1962) and then on ABC (1962–1965). Wagon Train debuted on September 18, 1957 and reached the top of the Nielsen ratings. It is the fictional adventure story of a large westbound wagon train through the American frontier from Missouri to California. Its format attracted famous guest stars for each episode appearing as travelers or residents of the settlements that the regular cast encountered. The show initially starred supporting film actor Ward Bond as the wagon master (replaced after his death in 1960 by John McIntire) and Robert Horton as the scout (eventually replaced by Robert Fuller).

The series was inspired by the 1950 film Wagon Master and the 1930 early widescreen film The Big Trail, both featuring Bond.

The series influenced the development of Star Trek, pitched as "Wagon Train to the stars" and launched in 1966.

Overview
The series chronicles the adventures of a wagon train from St. Joseph, Missouri, across the plains of the Midwestern United States and the Rocky Mountains to Sacramento, California. It features the trials of the series regulars, who conducted the train through the American West.

Episodes revolve around the stories of guest characters portraying members of the massive wagon train or encountered by it. Many starring roles were played by already famous actors such as Ernest Borgnine, Bette Davis, Jane Wyman, Ronald Reagan, Lee Marvin, and Joseph Cotten. Episode titles routinely emphasize the guest characters, such as "The Willy Moran Story" and "The Echo Pass Story".

As a favor to Ward Bond, film director John Ford joined the show to direct a 1960 segment titled "The Colter Craven Story", which includes many members of the "John Ford Stock Company", momentarily featuring John Wayne speaking from the shadows and billed in the credits as "Michael Morris".

Cast
The regular cast includes:
 * Ward Bond as wagon master Major Seth Adams (1957–61, seasons 1–4). Bond died of a heart attack in the middle of the fourth season, and was replaced by John McIntire as wagon master. No explanation was ever given on the show.
 * Robert Horton as scout Flint McCullough (1957–62, seasons 1–5).
 * John McIntire as Christopher Hale (1961–65, seasons 4–8), replacing Bond as wagon master upon Bond's death. McIntire had guest starred in a Season 3 episode in the role of preacher Andrew Hale, apparently Christopher's brother according to a reference made by Christopher later in the series.
 * Robert Fuller as scout Cooper Smith (1963–65, seasons 7–8) replacing the McCullough character after Robert Horton left the series. Fuller had previously played a lead in the Western series Laramie and physically resembled Horton. Fuller and McIntire rotated top billing from week to week on the series. Fuller even shared the same birthday as Horton, albeit nine years apart.
 * Frank McGrath as cook Charlie Wooster (1957–65, seasons 1–8), one of only two regulars to last the entire series.
 * Terry Wilson as Bill Hawks (1957–65, seasons 1–8), was one of only two regulars to last the entire series.
 * Michael Burns as Barnaby West (1960–65, seasons 6–8).
 * Scott Miller (aka; Denny Miller) as Duke Shannon (1961–64, seasons 4–7).
 * Chick Hannan in various roles (1957–65, seasons 1–8), mostly as a wagon train member.

In the first four seasons Ward Bond was billed above Robert Horton in the opening credits. In season five Horton rotated top billing with relative newcomer John McIntire, a practice which subsequently continued with McIntire and Robert Fuller rotating top billing from episode to episode when Fuller joined the series in the seventh season.

During the sixth season, Horton had left and Fuller had not yet replaced him, so McIntire carried the show with the supporting cast. Neither Bond nor McIntire, both veterans of dozens of supporting roles in movies, routinely had a leading role in theatrical films, although Bond did in at least one B-picture. Rivals Bond and Horton frequently quarreled on the set, an extensively publicized development at the time, while their characters disputed within the episodes. According to Scott Eyman in his biography of John Wayne, Bond's jealousy of Horton was fueled by Horton receiving more fan mail. Eyman stated Bond would try to limit Horton's screen time and interfere with any good lines Horton might be given in the scripts. They eventually reconciled shortly before Bond's death.

Guest stars

 * Claude Akins appeared in four episodes during the show's first four seasons.
 * Anna Maria Alberghetti carried the lead in "The Conchita Vasquez Story" (1959), cast as part of a gang of Comancheros who intend to attack the wagon train to steal rifles headed to the United States Army. Conchita decides to leave the Comancheros and move west after she falls in love with the scout Flint McCullough, but she is killed by a bullet from her own people when they ambush the wagon train.
 * Eddie Albert appeared as Kurt Davos in the 1962 episode "The Kurt Davos Story" as a blacksmith forced to leave the train by a crippling injury.
 * Roscoe Ates appeared in the 1958 episode "The Sacramento Story" in his later familiar role of "Old Timer".
 * Parley Baer appeared in three episodes in different seasons, usually as a disgruntled passenger.
 * Carla Balenda appeared as Martha Leeds in "The Annie Duggan Story" (1963), credited as Sally Bliss.
 * Martin Balsam appeared as Marcey Jones in the 1964 episode "The Whipping".
 * Trevor Bardette, as Will Rudge in "The Levi Hale Story" (1962), as Sheriff Lund in "The Lily Legend Story" and as Henry Ludlow in "The Antone Rose Story" (both 1963).
 * William Bendix, in the second season, played a sea captain who had shanghaied Adams and Wooster in "Around the Horn".
 * Charles Bickford and Roger Smith, five months before Smith was cast on 77 Sunset Strip, appear in "The Daniel Barrister Story", which aired on 16 April 1958 (Season 1, Episode 29). In this segment, Daniel Barrister, played by Bickford, objects to medical treatment for his wife, Jenny, the victim of a wagon accident. Meanwhile, Dr. Peter H. Culver, played by Smith, has successfully fought a smallpox epidemic in a nearby town. He is brought to the wagon train by scout Flint McCullough to treat Mrs. Barrister. Viewers never know if Barrister yielded to allow Dr. Culver to treat Jenny.
 * Theodore Bikel appeared in "The Dr. Denker Story", season five, episode 14, in the role of a traveling musician who is transporting a mysterious shipment of dynamite to San Francisco for the United States Army.
 * Ernest Borgnine appeared five times on Wagon Train, including twice as "Willy Moran" (albeit for only a few moments in Moran's second appearance). In the pilot episode on 18 September 1957, Borgnine's Moran is revealed as a former boxer consumed by alcoholism but seeking sobriety. Michael Winkelman guest starred as young "Ben Palmer" in this episode, as he was beginning his regular role as Little Luke McCoy on ABC's The Real McCoys. On 1 October 1958, Borgnine reprised the role of Willy Moran in the episode "Around the Horn". Major Adams had fought with Moran at the Battle of Gettysburg.
 * Neville Brand appeared in "The Zebedee Titus Story" in 1964 as an aging pioneer who joins the wagon train as a scout.
 * Henry Brandon appeared six times, most notably in "The St. Nicholas Story" (1959).
 * John Carradine appeared in supporting roles in the 1958 episode. "The Dora Gray Story", and the 1960 episode, "The Colter Craven Story".
 * Lon Chaney Jr. appeared as Louis Roque in "The Jose Morales Story", Season 4, episode 5 (1960), and in the 1961 episode, "The Chalice", as Carstairs.
 * Jan Clayton and Beulah Bondi highlight "The Prairie Story", written by Jean Holloway, which examines how the forbidden prairie, particularly the strong wind, plays havoc on the lives of the women on the wagon train. This theme is also examined in the novel The Wind by Dorothy Scarborough. Robert Horton carries the lead in this episode that aired on 1 February 1961, three months after the death of Ward Bond.
 * Jeanne Cooper guest stars in an episode titled "The Whipping" shown during season 7 (1963–64) of Wagon Train.
 * Lou Costello appeared as the title character in one of his last roles, "The Tobias Jones Story" (1958). It was written by Harry Von Zell, the announcer and comedian from the Burns and Allen television series, who also appears in that episode. Von Zell also appears in the 1964 episode "The Link Cheney Story".
 * Walter Coy, one of the narrators of the 1955-56 Frontier anthology series on NBC, appeared five times on Wagon Train between 1957 and 1964.
 * Child actor Johnny Crawford appeared in "The Sally Potter Story" (1958).
 * Yvonne Craig guest-starred in "The Link Cheney Story" (1964).
 * Henry Daniell appeared twice in "The Christine Elliott Story" (1960) and the two-parter "Trial for Murder" (1960).
 * Ronnie Dapo, then a child actor, appeared in the episode "The Greenhorn Story". He was later a regular on Room for One More and The New Phil Silvers Show.
 * Linda Darnell guest starred in "The Dora Gray Story" (29 January 1958) as an attractive young woman trying to reach San Francisco. Dora is traveling west with an unsavory peddler, played by John Carradine, who is selling guns to the Indians. Robert Horton carries this episode, with Mike Connors and Dan Blocker portraying corrupt U.S. Army officers.
 * Bette Davis appeared in three episodes as different characters; as Bettina May (1961), Ella Lindstrom (1959) and Madame Elizabeth McQueeney (1959).
 * Laraine Day played the title character in "The Cassie Vance Story" (1963).
 * William Demarest appeared in "The Christopher Hale Story" (1961).
 * Frank Dekova plays the lead in "The Isaiah Quickfox Story" (31 January 1965), a mystery set in a ghost town amid a stunning bat cave. Andrew Prine and John Doucette guest star in the roles of Eric Camden and Bert Enders, respectively. Cast members Robert Fuller and Frank McGrath carry this episode.
 * Andy Devine appeared in the 1959 episode "The Jess MacAbbee Story".
 * Angie Dickinson portrays the lead role in "The Clara Duncan Story" (1959).
 * John Doucette played the title characters in the 1963 episode, "The Michael McGoo Story" as a retired sea captain, and the 1964 episode, "The Ben Engel Story", as well as supporting roles in six other episodes.
 * Charles Drake played the title characters in the 1958 episode, "The Charles Maury Story" as an ex-Confederate marauder, and the 1960 episode, "The Sam Livingston Story" as a wagon driver with bitter memories, and the 1963 episode, "The Hollister John Garrison Story" as a Southerner with a desperate secret, and the 1964 episode, "The Link Cheney Story" as a wounded gambler hoping to retire, and supporting roles in two other episodes.
 * Dan Duryea made seven appearances on the series, his first role being that of the title character in "The Cliff Grundy Story", broadcast on 25 December 1957. Cliff Grundy, an old friend of Flint McCullough, joins with the Wagon Train in time for a buffalo hunt. After an accident, Cliff and Flint are stranded in the wild, trying to survive until they can reach a small town. This was one of Dan Duryea's rare "sympathetic" roles, and one that he would reprise for the final Wagon Train episode of the same season. In his fourth appearance on Wagon Train, he played a mentally unstable man obsessed by demons and superstitions in "The Bleymier Story", broadcast 16 November 1960, eleven days after the death of Ward Bond. Samuel Bleymier opposes the interest shown to his daughter, Belle, portrayed by Elen Willard, by a young pioneer, Justin Claiborne, played by James Drury, some two years before the start of his The Virginian series. The episode is filmed mostly in the dark or during heavy rains, high winds and a cyclone, and involves pioneers passing through a Sioux burial ground.
 * Jena Engstrom appeared three times. In 1961 she was featured in "The Jenna Douglas Story" with guest star Carolyn Jones. In 1962 she was featured in "The Amos Billings Story", guest-starring Paul Fix. And in 1964 she appeared in support of Joseph Wiseman in "The Santiago Quesada Story".
 * Glenda Farrell appeared in the 1959 episode "The Jess MacAbbee Story" as Andy Devine's character's wife.
 * Ron Foster appeared twice in the 1957 episodes "The John Cameron Story" and "The Julia Gage Story".
 * Rhonda Fleming appeared three times. In the 1958 episode "The Jennifer Churchill Story", in the 1961 episode "The Patience Miller Story" and in the 1963 episode "The Sandra Cummings Story".
 * Med Flory was cast as Sheriff Gile in "The Nancy Palmer Story", with Audrey Meadows in the guest-starring role (1961).
 * Nina Foch appeared as the title character in "The Clara Beauchamp Story".
 * Louise Fletcher appeared as different characters in two Season 3 episodes.
 * Eduard Franz appeared in the lead in 1957 in "The Les Rand Story", and James Philbrook had a minor role in the same episode.
 * Kathleen Freeman appeared in five different episodes, usually as the embodiment of ignorance or intolerance.
 * Annette Funicello appeared in "The Sam Pulaski Story" (Nov. 1963)
 * George Gobel appeared as Major Adams' country cousin in "The Horace Best Story", the Season 4 premiere episode.
 * Don Grady appeared in "The Christine Elliot Story" (1960).
 * Lorne Greene appeared in "The Vivian Carter Story" (1959).
 * Tom Greenway appeared as Dr. Quinn in "The Dan Hogan Story" (1958).
 * Kevin Hagen appeared four times on Wagon Train as Lansing in "The Willy Moran Story" (1957) and as Claymore in "The Nels Stack Story" (1957) and "The Annie MacGregory Story" (1958) and as Ed Prentiss in "The Silver Lady" (1965).
 * Sessue Hayakawa appeared as the title character in "The Sakae Ito Story" (1958).
 * Peter Helm appeared three times on Wagon Train in 1962 and 1963: "The Daniel Clay Story", "The Wagon Train Mutiny", and in the title role "The Tom O'Neal Story", with Myron Healey cast as his father.
 * Dwayne Hickman appeared in the title guest-starring role in "The Clay Shelby Story" in December 1964. Celia Kaye played Ann Shelby, and Richard Carlson and Mort Mills were cast as military officers.
 * Darby Hinton, a child actor, appeared in March 1964 as Benjie Diel in the 75-minute episode "The Ben Engel Story".
 * Dennis Holmes, another child actor, appeared three times on Wagon Train, including the role of Danny Blake in "Those Who Stay Behind", along with Peter Brown and Bruce Dern (8 November 1964).
 * Dennis Hopper appeared as the title character in "The Emmett Lawton Story" as the crippled son of the murdered sheriff in a town taken over by outlaws, March 1963.
 * Rodolfo Hoyos Jr., as Padre in "The Don Alvarado Story", 21 June 1961, with Ed Nelson as Sheriff Donovan
 * Sherry Jackson appeared as the title character in "The Geneva Balfour Story", which was originally broadcast on 20 January 1964.
 * Anne Jeffreys and her husband, Robert Sterling, play a couple with an unusual "half-marriage" courtship arrangement brought about by an attack of fever in the episode "The Julie Gage Story", the fourteenth episode of the series broadcast on 18 December 1957.
 * Brad Johnson and Susan Oliver in the title role appear in the 9 November 1960, episode "The Cathy Eckhardt Story", with Johnson cast as Will Eckhardt.
 * I. Stanford Jolley appeared ten times, but not in the lead role of an episode.
 * Carolyn Jones appeared during the show's first four episodes, also as the title characters in "The Jenna Douglas Story" (1961) as a traumatized woman found by the wagon train, and in "The Molly Kincaid Story" (1963) as an escaped captive of the Indians intent on punishing the husband who abandoned her.
 * Dick Jones was cast as John Hunter in "The Wagon Train Mutiny" (1962).
 * J.M. Kerrigan appeared in "The St. Nicholas Story" (1959).
 * Brett King appeared five times on Wagon Train, his last as a lieutenant in "The Sandra Cummings Story" (1963).
 * Charles Laughton appeared as Albert Farnsworth in "The Albert Farnsworth Story". (1960)
 * Linda Lawson guest starred in "Princess of a Lost Tribe" (1960).
 * Art Linkletter appeared as the title character in "The Sam Darland Story" (1962).
 * Peter Lorre played the title character in "The Alexander Portlass Story" (March 1960).
 * Dayton Lummis appeared in three episodes: as Maj. Barham in "The Martha Barham Story" (NBC, 1959), as T.J. Gingle in "The John Turnbull Storey" (NBC, 1962), and as the Rev. Philip Marshall in "The Myra Marshall Story" (ABC, 1963), with Suzanne Pleshette in the title role.
 * Lee Marvin appeared as Mexican bandit Jose Morales in the Season 4 episode "The Jose Morales Story". After 20 episodes he appeared as newly hired wagonmaster Jud Benedict in the Season 4 episode that introduced the Chris Hale character, "The Christopher Hale Story".
 * Raymond Massey guest starred in "Princess of a Lost Tribe" (1960).
 * Mike Mazurki appeared in "The Duncan McIvor Story" (1964).
 * Tyler McVey appeared six times on Wagon Train, including a two-part 1960 episode "Trial for Murder".
 * Audrey Meadows played the title character in "The Nancy Palmer Story" (1961).
 * Joyce Meadows appeared three times: as Martha Williams in "The Conchita Vasquez Story" (1959), as Rheba Polke in "The Jed Polke Story" and as Melanie in "The Artie Matthewson Story" (both 1961).
 * Ralph Meeker appeared in the title role of "A Man Called Horse" (season one, ep 26, trans 26 March 1958) in a story that served as the basis for the Richard Harris film A Man Called Horse, a decade later.
 * Burgess Meredith guest starred in "The Grover Allen Story" (1964).
 * Vera Miles appeared three times on Wagon Train as the lead role in "The Sister Rita Story" (1959), as Janice Stuart in "The Bob Stuart Story" (1964) and as Anne Reed in "The Silver Lady" (1965).
 * Ricardo Montalbán appeared as the title character in the second episode of the series, "The Jean LeBec Story".
 * Archie Moore, African-American prizefighter, appeared as a cowboy in "The Geneva Balfour Story", which was originally broadcast on 20 January 1964.
 * Read Morgan appeared three times: as Ben Denike in "The Vincent Eaglewood Story" with Wally Cox in the title role (1959), as Curly Horse in "The Martha Barham Story" with Ann Blyth (1959), and as Jake in "The Myra Marshall Story".
 * Ed Nelson guest stars in the episode "Alias Bill Hawks", a story of townspeople covering for a murder, and trying to dig a needed artesian well. Terry Wilson, as the real "Bill Hawks", arrives to put the puzzle together.
 * Leslie Nielsen guest stars in "The Jeremy Dow Story".
 * Leonard Nimoy appeared in four episodes-—twice as a Mexican, once as an Indian and once as one of three Spanish brothers.
 * Susan Oliver guest starred in four episodes: "The Emily Rossiter Story" (1957), "The Maggie Hamilton Story" (1960), "The Cathy Eckhart Story" (1960) and "The Lily Legend Story" (1963).
 * Prolific Western actor Gregg Palmer appeared in three episodes: as Groton in "The Mary Halstead Story" (1957), as Paul Dawson in "The Riley Gratton Story" (1957) and as Raleigh in "The Jose Morales Story" (1960).
 * Michael Parks was cast as Hamish Browne in "The Heather and Hamish Story" with fellow guest star Anne Helm (1963), and as Michael Malone in "The Michael Malone Story", with Joyce Bulifant (1964).
 * John Pickard appeared as Jed Otis in the 1959 episode "The Matthew Lowry Story".
 * Ronald Reagan, in one of his final acting roles prior to his entering politics, played Captain Paul Winters in the seventh-season episode "The Fort Pierce Story", first broadcast in September 1963.
 * Michael Rennie appeared in two episodes: "The John Cameron Story" (1957) and "The Robert Harrison Clarke Story" (1963).
 * Cesar Romero appeared in "The Honorable Don Charlie Story" (1958).
 * Mickey Rooney guest starred as "greenhorn" Samuel T. Evans in "The Greenhorn Story" (1959), and again as Samuel T. Evans with young wife Melanie (Olive Sturgess) in "Wagons Ho!", the 1960 season premiere. Ellen Corby played the role of Aunt 'Em in both episodes. Sturgess in her role had to wear the lowest of heels so as not to tower over the 5'2" Rooney.
 * Pippa Scott guest-starred in "The Link Cheney Story" (1964).
 * Ann Sheridan guest-starred in "The Mavis Grant Story" (1962).
 * Tom Simcox and Paul Stader guest-starred in "The Link Cheney Story" (1964).
 * Roger Smith - (see "Charles Bickford" earlier in the list)
 * Arnold Stang played the lead in "The Ah Chong Story", the tale of an ebullient Chinese cook who joins the wagon train with a rickshaw. Ah Chong produces higher quality and more reliable food service than Charlie Wooster, who has become arrogant because of his success at poker playing. Ah Chong introduces wagonmaster Chris Hale and his assistant, Bill Hawks, to bird nest soup. Wooster soon sees Ah Chong as a threat in both cooking and poker, and hurls insults at him. Frank Ferguson plays a sheriff at the beginning of this episode, which aired near the end of the fourth season on 14 June 1961.
 * Barbara Stanwyck appeared three times.
 * Rod Steiger portrayed a blind doctor heading west in "The Saul Bevins Story" (1961). The other travelers object to his inclusion on the train because of the obstacles he must overcome. Vivi Janiss plays his sister, Martha Bevins; Charles Herbert, his son Job Bevins. Janiss also appeared in five other Wagon Train episodes.
 * Charles Stevens appeared twice in "The Nels Stack Story" (1957) and "The Mark Hanford Story" (1958).
 * Dean Stockwell appeared in four episodes, including "The Rodney Lawrence Story" (10 June 1959), in which he portrays a young white man whose parents were massacred by other whites, and he is reared by a single Indian. The Indian urges Rodney to rejoin his people when the wagon train passes through the area, and soon after he joins the train he is accused of murder and theft. Scout Flint McCullough proves that Rodney is innocent, and he becomes attracted to a young white woman, Mandy McCrea Cynthia Chenault. Roger Mobley plays Lawrence as a child in a flashback.
 * Karl Swenson played mountain man Jim Bridger in "The Jim Bridger Story". Francis De Sales also appeared in the episode as Mark.
 * Akim Tamiroff appeared in "The Joe Muharich Story" (1961).
 * Phyllis Thaxter was cast in the title role of "The Christine Elliott Story" (1960), in which a young woman takes a group of orphan-boys, who had previously lived in her late father's orphanage, to a new life in the West. Don Grady and Gary Hunley also appear in this episode.
 * Franchot Tone appeared in the lead role in "The Malachi Hobart Story" as a traveling preacher who loses confidence in his own Christian message.
 * Lee Van Cleef appeared in "The Jesse Cowan Story" (1958).
 * Johnny Washbrook appeared as Tommy Peeks in "The Swift Cloud Story", with Rafael Campos in the 1959 title role, and as Ron Pearson in "The Beth Pearson Story", with Virginia Grey in the 1961 title role.
 * John Wayne appeared briefly, partly obscured by distance and shadow, in a long shot in the episode directed by John Ford, "The Coulter Craven Story", in which he portrays General William Tecumseh Sherman and speaks briefly. In this episode, Wayne is billed under the pseudonym "Michael Morris", a reference to his real name, Marion Michael Morrison. Several other regulars from Ford's films also appeared, including John Carradine, Ken Curtis and Hank Worden. Ford used action footage from his 1950 film Wagon Master in this episode, which was shown 18 days after Bond's death and is the only episode in this series directed by Ford. Wayne also played Sherman under Ford's direction in the movie How the West Was Won, and was billed as "Michael Morris" for a lengthy Ford-directed cameo appearance in the Alcoa Premiere television anthology show episode titled "Flashing Spikes" (1962) starring James Stewart.
 * Marlene Willis played a supporting role in "The Jess MacAbbee Story" starring Andy Devine.
 * Guinn "Big Boy" Williams appeared in "The Vincent Eaglewood Story" (1959).
 * Shelley Winters appeared during the show's first four episodes.
 * Jane Wyman appeared twice, once in "The Doctor Willoughby Story" (1958), as a woman doctor heading west. And, again in "The Wagon Train Mutiny" (1964).
 * Dick York guest-starred in "The Michael Malone Story" (1964) as Mitchell.
 * Tony Young guest-starred as Quent Loomis in "The Melanie Craig Story", with Myrna Fahey in the title role (1964).
 * Harry von Zell guest-starred in "The Link Cheney Story" (1964) and "The Tobias Jones Story" (1958).

Theme music
The first season theme "Wagon Train" was written by Henri René and Bob Russell, and lyrics were not used. The theme was conducted by Revue musical director Stanley Wilson. In the second season, a new more modern sounding theme was introduced. "(Roll Along) Wagon Train" was written by Sammy Fain and Jack Brooks and sung by Johnny O'Neill. About midway through the second season this was replaced with an instrumental version by Stanley Wilson. In the third season a more traditional sounding score was introduced. "Wagons Ho!" was written and conducted by Jerome Moross, who adapted it from a passage of music he had written for the 1959 film The Jayhawkers. This theme would last through the series' run and is the most remembered Wagon Train theme. Stanley Wilson re-recorded "Wagons Ho!" when the series went to color in 1963, then an abbreviated version of the 1963 re-recorded theme was used for the final season when it returned to black-and-white.

Development
Taking inspiration from John Ford's 1950 film Wagon Master, Revue Productions conceived of a semi-anthology series with an emphasis on strong storytelling and quality direction with weekly guest stars known for their work in motion pictures and other media but retaining a regular cast of characters to provide a touchstone for audiences.

At an initial budget of US$100,000 1957 per segment, Wagon Train episodes cost over 40% more than most contemporary hour-long Westerns, allowing it to film on location in California's San Fernando Valley and afford its expensive guest stars.

Original broadcast
The show ran for 284 episodes over 8 seasons: the first aired on September 18, 1957, and the final segment was broadcast on May 2, 1965.

The series aired for most of its run as hour-long episodes in black-and-white except for five episodes during the 1961-62 season which were produced and broadcast in color to promote NBC's parent company RCA's color television sets. After its move to ABC the show mirrored "The Virginian" on NBC by filming in color and expanding to 90 minutes. In its final and eighth season and due to declining ratings,the show returned to its hour format and was filmed in black and white.

Syndication
When the original Ward Bond episodes were broadcast weekday afternoons on ABC beginning in 1963, a new series title "Seth Adams Trailmaster" was given to the episode to avoid viewer confusion because Wagon Train was still on the ABC evening schedule. A new theme song, the "Trailmaster Theme", written and conducted by Stanley Wilson, was used for these syndicated episodes. The later episodes from the John McIntire era were syndicated under the simpler title "Trailmaster." All episodes eventually reverted to their original titling after the series left the air. The 75-minute episodes were usually syndicated separately, sometimes shown on local stations as "movies."

One episode very seldom shown is "Princess of the Lost Tribe" (season 4 episode 6, shown 6 Nov 1960), in which Flint McCullough happens upon the hiding place of descendants of the Aztec Indians - now moved up from central Mexico to the vicinity of Arizona, with Raymond Massey playing their king, Montezuma IX, speaking English with flawless educated diction.

Home media
In 2004 Alpha Video released three episodes of Wagon Train on DVD. Four years later Timeless Media Group released a DVD selection consisting of 12 episodes on three discs. Also in 2008, it released The Complete Color Season, a 16 disc box set with season seven and 16 select episodes from the other seasons. From 2010 to 2013, Timeless Media Group released the series in eight box sets of one season each, and the seventh season lacks the bonus episodes.

Cultural influences
Gene Roddenberry said he pitched Star Trek as "Wagon Train to the stars", referring to the concept of a recurring cast on a long journey with famous guest stars becoming the focus of various stories. In his March 11, 1964, initial pitch document, he wrote, "Star Trek is a Wagon Train concept—built around characters who travel to worlds 'similar' to our own."

title: Wagon Train


text:
James W. Denver

James William Denver (October 23, 1817 – August 9, 1892) was an American politician, soldier and lawyer. He served in the California state government, as an officer in the United States Army in two wars, and as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from California. He served as secretary and Governor of the Kansas Territory during the struggle over whether or not Kansas would be open to slavery. The city of Denver, Colorado, is named after him.

Early life and career
James W. Denver was born near Winchester, Virginia. His father was born in Ireland, while his mother was of English descent. He attended public schools and moved to Ohio with his parents in 1830, settling near Wilmington. In 1841 he taught school in Missouri, and in 1844 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law School. He was admitted to the bar and practiced law near Xenia, Ohio. He moved to Platte City, Missouri, in 1845, where he continued his law practice and acting career.

In 1847, during the Mexican–American War, he recruited a company for the 12th U.S. Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned a captain, serving under General Winfield Scott. After the war in 1850, Denver traveled to California, where he became a trader. Denver killed newspaper editor Edward Gilbert in a duel on August 2, 1852. Later that same year, he was elected to the California State Senate. He was later appointed as Secretary of State of California. In 1854 he was elected to the United States Congress as a representative from California, serving from March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1856. On April 17, 1857, President James Buchanan appointed him as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

On June 17, 1857, Denver was appointed by Buchanan as Secretary of the Kansas Territory. In December 1857 he was appointed as Territorial Governor. On the day that Denver assumed the territorial governorship, citizens in the territory voted on the Lecompton Constitution, which opened the territory to slavery. The vote offered a choice only between full slavery and limited slavery in the territory and was thus largely boycotted by Free-Staters who were in favor of abolishing slavery. The pro-slavery constitution passed by an overwhelming margin. Later it was discovered that several thousand votes were cast fraudulently by "Border Ruffians" who had crossed into the territory from Missouri in order to cast pro-slavery ballots; this scandal became known as Bleeding Kansas. (The vote was overturned by a subsequent election in August 1858, and Kansas was later admitted to the Union, in 1861, as a free state.)

In November 1858, while Denver was still serving as territorial governor, William Larimer, Jr., a land speculator from Leavenworth, planted the townsite of "Denver City" along the South Platte River in Arapaho County in western Kansas Territory (the present-day state of Colorado). Larimer chose the name "Denver" to honor the current territorial governor with the intention that the city would be chosen as the county seat of Arapaho County.

Denver retired as territorial governor in November 1858, was reappointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and served until his resignation on March 31, 1859.

Civil War and later career
A few months after the start of the American Civil War in early 1861, President Abraham Lincoln commissioned Denver a brigadier general in the volunteer army on August 14. In November 1861, he was ordered to report to Fort Scott in Kansas and in December, he assumed command of all Federal troops in Kansas. During March and April 1862 he commanded the District of Kansas until he was transferred to the District of West Tennessee. On May 16, 1862, Denver assumed command of the 3rd Brigade/5th Division under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman in the midst of the Siege of Corinth. The very next day Denver's brigade participated in the fight for Russell's House. Though his brigade suffered no casualties in this engagement it was nonetheless one of the two brigades leading the attack. On May 27 General Sherman again selected Denver's brigade to be one of the leading units in an attack against the Double Log House. Denver and Morgan L. Smith's brigade successfully stormed the log cabin turned block house. During this engagement Major General Ulysses S. Grant was present on the battlefield and indicated his approval of the handsome manner in which the troops behaved. After the fall of Corinth Denver continued in command of his brigade, serving on garrison duty in Mississippi. During the early stages of the Vicksburg Campaign Denver was in command of the 1st Division, XVI Corps, until his resignation from the Union Army on March 5, 1863.

After the war, Denver practiced law in Washington, D.C., and Wilmington, Ohio; he and his family lived in the Rombach Place while residing in Wilmington. He served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876, 1880, and 1884. He was mentioned as a possible Democratic presidential nominee in 1876 and 1884, although his name was never offered into formal nomination.

Denver reportedly visited Denver, Colorado, in 1875 and 1882, but complained that his visits received little affection from the residents of the city named after him.

He died in Washington, D.C., in 1892 and is buried in Sugar Grove Cemetery in Wilmington, Ohio.

His son, Matthew R. Denver, was a U.S. Congressman from Ohio from 1907 to 1913.

title: James W. Denver


text:
Castleton, Dorset

Castleton is a civil parish in the English county of Dorset. The parish virtually encircles the town of Sherborne, and contains within its boundary both Sherborne Castle and Sherborne Old Castle. These and other buildings within the parish are today generally regarded as comprising part of Sherborne. The parish includes the hamlets of Wyke, Silverlake, Over Coombe, Higher Clatcombe, Dodds Cross, and Pinford. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 155.

Roman remains have been found at two sites in the parish: at Pinford Lane, in the east, and near Sandford Lane, in the north. The Pinford Lane site revealed the remains of buildings, an oven or kiln, coins, pottery, brooches and beads. The Sandford Lane site revealed more remains of buildings, coins and one brooch.

Most of the houses in the parish, but not the church, were pulled down when the railway was built through the town. Castleton shares a grouped parish council, Yeohead & Castleton Parish Council, with the three village parishes of Poyntington, Goathill and Oborne.

The parish is currently in the Dorset County division of Sherborne Rural, and the Parliament constituency of West Dorset; the current MP is Chris Loder (Conservative), who succeeded Sir Oliver Letwin in 2019.

title: Castleton, Dorset


text:
Talk:List of dog sports

Dog Fighting
Loathsome as it is, I wonder if dog fighting shouldn't appear in the list.
 * Huh, makes my hair stand on end. I'm not sure whether i'm neutral enough to decide that. I'd be inclined to put it under something like list of crimes or animal cruelty. At the same time, I know that's a very western, historically recent point of view. Elf | Talk 17:03, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I would argue that a "sport" does not generally end in the death of one or more of the participants. Drive by shooting is not a sport. Neither is dog fighting. DSurber 23:48, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, playing both sides of the fence--waterfowl hunting and fox hunting are generally considered to be "sports". Elf | Talk 23:44, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Not be me, actually. ;) But then I'm not personally big on the idea of dog racing either.

 * Perhaps fighting ought to go in the definition discussion at the top, which is where hunting is currently being dealt with. Did dog fighting ever serve any sort of purpose other than gambling and the observation of suffering; that is, was it ever similar to a protection sport? For that matter, is the thrust of the article on currently practiced sports or does it also include historical ones? Not that dog fighting has died out just yet, alas. toh 08:59, 2004 Oct 29 (UTC)

 * Dog fighting has reared its ugly head again. I assert that dog fighting is not a sport. To call it such is to give it a legitimacy that it does not deserve. Yes dog fighting has rules but that does not make it a sport. War has rules, is competitive and requires physical ability and skill, but that doesn't make war a sport. Sport is engaged in for pleasure. I'm sure there are fighting dogs that derive pleasure from fighting, just as there are warriors who love war, but I still don't think that makes dog fighting a sport.

 * In common usage "dog sport" does not refer to hunting or dog racing, but rather to agility, obedience, tracking, skijoring, etc. Activities that human and dog undertake in partnership. Dog fighting certainly doesn't fit that definition.

 * As a compromise, how about including a link to Blood sports in the See Also section. Dog fighting is properly referenced there. Dsurber 14:04, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Personaly, im strongly against dog fighting, but try to see things like this from both sides of the fence. i would not class it as a sport, rather a bloodsport.

 * although, to see something for dog fighting being on the list, a quote from the article "This list is intended only to represent anything that anyone is likely to refer to as a dog sport, not to argue its validity as sport."

 * Possibly there should be a seperate secion on the page for bloodsports, where things like dog fighting and hunting can be added freely without question of its relevence there. Tekana 14:53, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I know, I know, I wrote that description at the top of the article. :-/ But dog fighting is a crime. Hunting is not. Dog fighting deliberately tortures dogs. Hunting does not deliberately torture animals (although i'm sure that there are plenty of bad shots that injure--therefore torture--wild animals).   I didn't have crimes in mind when I wrote that description.  I must point out that now fox hunting is illegal even in england, so does that transform it overnight from being a dog sport to being a crime?  Still, I just can't see dog fighting as a sport.  Elf | Talk 16:56, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Being bold, I attempted a compromise. It retains links to non-sports without giving them the veneer of being sports. Includes both positive (Working dog), negative (Dog fighting), and other (Hunting). Dsurber 17:24, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I can live with this. Although I removed "working dog" because isn't working the opposite of sporting? Elf | Talk 18:45, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * According to the definition of sport (see note) Dog fighting is a dog sport. Kslotte (talk) 05:09, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not in favor of sport in anyway. But I see Wikipedia is about facts (not opinions). You can also think about it the other way that people get information that this "cruel" sport exist. --Kslotte (talk) 09:24, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Wikipedia might want to be more careful about it's appearance of promoting illegal activity by listing dog fighting on the sporting page and not making a visible note about it's violent, illegal nature or any controversy over labeling it a sport. "Blood Sport" does not equal "Sport".

What is a dog sport?
Hi, I finally got "Dock Jumping" in.... How do I link your page to Dock Jumping ?gd8man 00:01, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Dock jumping is in the list. --Kslotte (talk) 05:12, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of dog sports


text:
Jill Jones

Jill Jones (born July 11, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress, who performed as a backing vocalist for Teena Marie and Prince in the 1980s. She is best known for her various collaborative works with Prince in the 1980s and 1990s, including her self-titled debut album in 1987. Since 2001, she has released three acoustic and dance albums, with her most recent being 2016's I Am.

Overview
Jones was born in Lebanon, Ohio on July 11, 1962. Her mother, a fashion model, is of African American heritage, and her father, a jazz drummer, is Italian. Jones was raised mostly by her grandparents, until relocating to Los Angeles when her mother remarried. She began a singing career at age 15 as a backup vocalist for Teena Marie, whom her mother managed.

Early music career
Jones performed as backing vocalist on a number of Teena Marie's Motown albums in the early 80s and also co-wrote the songs "Young Girl In Love" from Lady T (1980) and "The Ballad of Cradle Rob and Me" from It Must Be Magic (1981). She met Prince in 1980 at age 18, when Teena Marie was the opening act during his Dirty Mind tour. Prince loved her voice, encouraged her to sing, and stayed in touch with Jones.

She became a backup vocalist for Prince when he invited her to the Sunset Sound recording studios in 1982, to sing backing vocals for several tracks on the album 1999. She was credited under just her initials J.J. She also was featured in music videos for the songs "1999" and "Little Red Corvette", as well as extended rarely aired music video for "Automatic", and then joined the tour for 1999 to sing backing vocals with the Prince side-project Vanity 6. After the tour, she moved to Minneapolis and became Prince's on-and-off again girlfriend. She had a bit part as a waitress in the film Purple Rain (1984), and had an appearance in the sequel Graffiti Bridge (1990), where she takes off an undergarment to end a conflicting scene with Prince.

Her debut album was the self-titled Jill Jones (1987), released on Prince's Paisley Park Records. Prince was credited as a co-writer with Jones, but wrote all of the songs himself. Lead single "Mia Bocca" became a top 10 hit in Italy in July 1987, peaking at #6. Upon its release, the album received positive reviews from critics, but was not a commercial success. As of 2007, the album has been out of print for many years.

Jones recorded numerous demo tracks in London in the late 1980s, including the tracks "Deep Kiss", "Unattainable Love", "Long Time", "Red", "White Dogs" & "Tango", among others. In 1989, she contributed a song ("The Ground You Walk On") to the soundtrack for the film Earth Girls Are Easy.

Several demos were recorded for a second album on Paisley Park, and a video was filmed for the track "Boom Boom", but an album never surfaced. In 1993, she released the dance single "Bald" on Flying Records.

Jones also did backing vocals for Apollonia 6 and recorded the Prince-written single "G-Spot", which was remixed for a 12" release by Blondie's Jimmy Destri. She also sang lead vocals on Japanese artist Ryuichi Sakamoto's single "You Do Me" from his 1990 album Beauty. In addition, Jones wrote and co-produced the song "The Great Pretender" for Lisa Lisa. She was also lead vocalist for the band Baby Mother, who recorded an album in 1995 for London Records, which remains unreleased. In 1996, she toured performing co-lead vocals as part of Chic with Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards before Edwards' death, and can be heard on the 1999 Chic releaseLive at the Budokan.

The Prince song "She's Always in My Hair", a B-side to the single "Raspberry Beret" (1985), was written about Jones.

Though Prince aided in the production of her first album, there was no input from Prince on the sessions for Jones' intended second album, which was more pop-rock oriented. From 2001 to the present, Jones has been performing acoustic rock as well as producing edgy and modern dance tracks.

She is also featured in the unreleased Vanity 6 song "Vibrator". In this song, she does a skit in a department store where Vanity goes to get batteries for her vibrator. Prince is also in the skit.

Solo career
Jill provided vocals on a cover version of Carly Simon's "Why" on Ronny Jordan's album A Brighter Day in 2000 as well as contributing a cover version of Blondie's "Call Me" to a Giorgio Moroder tribute album. This was subsequently issued as a single with various remixes, including ones by Todd Terry and Mantronix.

With the help of former Paisley Park photographer and close friend David Honl, Jones released a second album entitled Two in 2001, with instrumentalist Chris Bruce. Jones performed lead vocals on the 2004 album Wasted, which was credited to The Grand Royals featuring Jill Jones. A collaboration with dance outfit Funky Junction resulted in the single "Someone to Jump Up", which has appeared on various Hedkandi compilation releases.

In 2008, Jones joined a performance in New York by Jeremy Gloff, coming up on stage to sing with Gloff's cover of her song "So Much in Love" On April 28, 2009, Jones released "Living for the Weekend" on the Peace Bisquit label. Although Wasted and Two are out of print, both albums can be found on the iTunes Store, along with "Living for the Weekend".

2014 saw the release of the single "This Is How It Feels" with Italian techno act Get Far. In August 2015, Jones made the track "Forbidden Love" available via SoundCloud. This track is from her dance album, I Am released in February 2016 via Peace Bisquit. Currently, she maintains her own fan pages on Twitter and Facebook.

Albums

 * Jill Jones (1987), Paisley Park
 * Two (2001), Dav Music
 * Wasted (2004), Peace Bisquit
 * I Am (2016), Peace Bisquit

Singles

 * "Mia Bocca" b/w "77 Bleeker St." (1987), Paisley Park (No.6, Italy)
 * "G-Spot" b/w "Baby Cries (Ay Yah)" (1987), Paisley Park
 * "For Love" (1987), Paisley Park
 * "Bald" (1993), Flying Records
 * "Call Me" (2000), Cause-N-ff-ct Records
 * "Station" (2001), Dav
 * "Someone to Jump Up" (2008)
 * "Living for the Weekend" (2009)
 * "This Is How It Feels" (2014), with Get Far
 * "Forbidden Love" (2015)

title: Jill Jones


text:
Tampa Bay Times

The Tampa Bay Times, called the St. Petersburg Times until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is published by the Times Publishing Company, which is owned by The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.

It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single year for the first time in its history, one of which was for its PolitiFact project.

History
The newspaper traces its origins to the West Hillsborough Times, a weekly newspaper established in Dunedin, Florida, on the Pinellas Peninsula in 1884. At the time, neither St. Petersburg nor Pinellas County existed; the peninsula was part of Hillsborough County. The paper was published weekly in the back of a pharmacy and had a circulation of 480. It subsequently changed ownership six times in seventeen years. In December 1884, it was bought by A. C. Turner, who moved it to Clear Water Harbor (modern Clearwater, Florida). In 1892, it moved to St. Petersburg, and by 1898 it was officially renamed the St. Petersburg Times. The Times became bi-weekly in 1907, and began publication six days a week in 1912. Paul Poynter, a publisher originally from Indiana, bought the paper in September 1912 and converted to a seven-day paper, though it was rarely financially stable. Paul's son, Nelson Poynter, became editor in 1939 and took majority control of the paper in 1947, and set about improving the paper's finances and prestige. Nelson Poynter controlled the paper until his death in 1978, when he willed the majority of the stock to the non-profit Poynter Institute. In November 1986, the Evening Independent was merged into the Times. Poynter was succeeded as editor by Eugene Patterson (1978–1988), Andrew Barnes (1988–2004), Paul Tash (2004–2010; chair of the Times Publishing Company since 2004 and the Poynter Institute since 2007) Neil Brown (2010–2017), and Mark Katches (2018–present).

On January 1, 2012, the St. Petersburg Times was renamed the Tampa Bay Times; this stemmed from a 2006 decision of a lawsuit with Media General, at the time the publishers of the Times' competing newspaper, The Tampa Tribune, which allowed that paper to keep its exclusive right to use the name of its defunct sister paper, The Tampa Times, for five years after the decision.

As the newly rechristened Tampa Bay Times, the paper's weekday tabloid tbt*, a free daily publication and which used "(* Tampa Bay Times)" as its subtitle, became just tbt when the name change took place. The St. Pete Times name lives on as the name for the Times' neighborhood news sections in southern Pinellas County (formerly Neighborhood Times), serving communities from Largo southward.

The Times has also done significant investigative reporting on the Church of Scientology, since the church's acquisition of the Fort Harrison Hotel in 1975 and other holdings in Clearwater. The Times has published special reports and series critical of the church and its current leader, David Miscavige.

In 2010, the Times published an investigative report questioning the validity of the United States Navy Veterans Association, leading to significant reaction and official investigations into the group nationwide.

On May 3, 2016, the Times acquired its longtime competitor The Tampa Tribune, with the latter publication immediately ceasing publishing and Tribune features and some writers expected to be merged into the Times. As reported by other local media outlets in the Tampa Bay area at the time of this acquisition, for many years the Tampa Tribune was considered to be the more conservative newspaper in the region, while the Tampa Bay Times was thought of as more liberal.

The Times' purchase of The Tribune also allowed its circulation area to be expanded into Polk County, placing it in competition with other newspapers such as The Lakeland Ledger and The Polk County Democrat, as well as into the south central region of the state known as the Florida Heartland. In the case of the latter, the Times published Highlands Today, which was a daily news supplement of The Tribune for readers in Highlands County. The Times sold the paper in 2016 to Sun Coast Media Group.

The Times received $8.5 million in federal loans from the Paycheck Protection Program by July 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. By this point, they had reduced delivery to two days per week. They had also cut 11 journalists' jobs through layoffs expected before the pandemic.

PolitiFact.com
The newspaper created PolitiFact.com, a project in which its reporters and editors "fact-check statements by members of Congress, the White House, lobbyists and interest groups…" They publish original statements and their evaluations on the PolitiFact.com website and assign each a "Truth-O-Meter" rating, with ratings ranging from "True" for completely true statements to "Pants on Fire" (from the taunt "Liar, liar, pants on fire") for false and ridiculous statements. The site also includes an "Obameter", tracking U.S. President Barack Obama's performance with regard to his campaign promises. PolitiFact.com was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2009 for "its fact-checking initiative during the 2008 presidential campaign that used probing reporters and the power of the World Wide Web to examine more than 750 political claims, separating rhetoric from truth to enlighten voters." The Times sold PolitiFact.com to its parent company, the Poynter Institute, in 2018.

title: Tampa Bay Times