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Arghakhanchi District

 Arghakhanchi (अर्घाखाँची जिल्ला ) is one of the districts of Lumbini Province in Nepal. The district headquarter is Sandhikharka. The district covers an area of 1,193 km2 and has a population (2011) of 197,632. Its neighboring districts are Palpa in the east, Gulmi in the north, Kapilvastu District in the south and Pyuthan in the west. The district also covers 4.18km of daily busy road connecting Kapilvastu and Bhalubang, Lalmatiya, Dang with Rapti River as Mahendra Highway or Easy-West Highway.

History
The district consists of two pre-unification principalities Argha and Khanchi. Argha (Nepali:अर्घा) was the name given to ritual offerings made at the former principality's main Bhagwati Temple. Khanchi may come from the word Khajanchi (Nepali:खजाञ्चि) or tax collector since the center of the latter principality was known for its tax office. Both were two of the Chaubisi rajya (24 principalities) centred in the Gandaki Basin. In 1786 A.D. (1843 BS) during the unification of Nepal the two were annexed by Gorkha. Later the merger was renamed “Arghakhanchi” and added to Gulmi District. Arghakhanchi became a separate district in 1961 A.D. (2018 BS).

Demographics
In 2001, the population was 208,391. In 1991, the population was 180,884.

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Arghakhanchi District had a population of 197,632; 86,266 male and 111,366 female. The total number of households was 46,835 and the average household size 4.22 on the basis of usual place of residence. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) was 77.5 and population density was 166.

As their first language, 97.5% spoke Nepali, 1.3% Magar, 0.5% Kumhali, 0.2% Newar, 0.2% Urdu and 0.1% Kham.

Ethnicity/caste: 32.8% were Hill Brahmin, 18.2% Chhetri, 18.0% Magar, 11.3% Kami, 6.1% Sarki, 3.4% Kumal, 3.2% Damai/Dholi, 2.8% Newar, 0.9% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.9% Musalman, 0.6% Thakuri, 0.5% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.4% Gurung, 0.2% Terai Brahmin, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% Gaine, 0.1% Tharu and 0.1% others.

Religion: 97.0% were Hindu, 1.9% Buddhist, 0.9% Muslim and 0.1% Christian.

Literacy: 72.5% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 25.3% could neither read nor write.

The latest update of population of Arghakhanchi district according to 2021 Nepal census is noted as 177,086 with population density of 148.4/km2.

Geography and climate
Arghakhanchi lies between 27'45"N and 28'6"N latitude, and 80'45"E to 83'23"E longitude. It covers 1,193 km$2$. The altitude of the district varies from 305 to 2515 meter above the sea level. 68% of the district is in the mountainous Mahabharat Range and the rest is in the Siwalik Hills. Elevations range from 305 to 2575 m above sea level and about 40% of the total area is forested.

The major rivers of the district are Bangi Khola, Bangsari Khola, Mathurabesi Khola, Banganga Khola, Durga Khola, Sita Khola, Khakabesi Khola, Rangsing Khola, Ratne Khola, Jhimruk Khola, Khankbesi Khola and Thada Khola. Thada lake and Sengleng lake are the major lakes of the district.

Administration
The district consists of six municipalities, out of which three are urban municipalities
 * Sandhikharka Municipality
 * Sitganga Municipality
 * Bhumikasthan Municipality
 * Chhatradev Rural Municipality
 * Panini Rural Municipality
 * Malarani Rural Municipality

Towns and villages
The major town in the district is Sandhikharka which is the headquarter of Arghakhanchi district. It is almost 300 km southwest of Nepal's capital of Kathmandu.

There are many small villages in the district, including Mareng, Bhagawati, Asurkot, Chhatradev Arghakhanchi, Chhatragunj Arghakhanchi Lamchi, Balkot, Bangi, Dharapani, Sandhikharka Dhikura, Dibharna, Khanchikot, Kimadada, Kura, Phudbang, Bangla, Adguri, Khana, Khanadaha, Pali, and Dhatiwang,Thada, Pharasawa Takura, Amarai, Pattharkot, Jukena etc.

Hatari Neta is a government school in Arghakhanchi. They are said to have good roads, electric power, education, etc. Villages in the west and south part of the district have relatively little development as compared to the villages of the north and east side. Sano Gaun is the most popular place for visit. Lamchi is another popular village in Arghakhanchi. Pharasawa Takura Higher Secondary School (Estd: 2033 B.S) is a notable educational institution located in the Arghakhanchi district of Nepal. Established with a vision to provide quality education to the local community, the school has become a cornerstone of academic excellence in the region. and there is small very Beautiful village Called Pharaswa Takura, Sangam Bazzar. Deurali temple is in the area and so are Supa Deurali Temple, Thada Maikasthan, Kothiya Mai, Argha Mandir and other temples. Supa deurali is one of the most famous religious and tourism place located in Arghakhanchi. People from Gulmi, Palpa, Pyuthan, Kapilvastu and even from Bihar of India, comes to worship in Supa Deurali.

title: Arghakhanchi District


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Renaldo and the Loaf

Renaldo and the Loaf are an English musical duo formed in 1977 consisting of David "Ted the Loaf" Janssen and Brian "Renaldo Malpractice" Poole. The two released six full-length albums, one live album, and three self-produced demos.

Sound
Renaldo & The Loaf attempted to replicate the sound of synthesizers using acoustic instruments. They manipulated tape loops and muffled and detuned their instruments.

Formation (1970–1976)
David Janssen and Brian Poole met each other at school in the spring of 1970, when they bonded over a love for Tyrannosaurus Rex and began to play guitar.

Early Career (1977–1980)
The two had been recording together as early as 1977, creating sound experiments that neither considered 'songs'. During this period they, along with friend Terry Nichols, worked on a four part instrumental suite titled 'Segment', which was completed in the spring of 1978.

After deciding to attempt a more song like structure in September 1978, the duo adopted the moniker Plimsollline, and discovered a newspaper ad from a record label named Raw Records asking for artists. The duo responded to this by sending a demo tape, and were quickly signed. At the suggestion of label owner 'Lee', the duo recorded an album and EP titled 'Behind Closed Curtains' and 'Tap Dance In Sushi' between September 1978 and April 1979, but shortly after the completion of the material, Lee and Raw Records disappeared, and the tapes were shelved. This brief encounter with a record label gave them the confidence they needed to approach larger labels like Virgin and Rough Trade. During their correspondence with Rough Trade, Geoff Travis suggested that the duo invest in a good multi-track tape recorder, a piece of equipment that would become essential to the sound of their debut album, Struve & Sneff. By the time Struve & Sneff began recording in April 1979, the two had already adopted the name 'Renaldo & The Loaf'.

The sessions for 'Struve & Sneff ' became a routine for Poole & Janssen. They would discuss new material and ideas during the midweek, and meet in Janssen's bedroom to record the next Saturday. They were both heavily inspired by the popular synthesizer bands of the time, but were unable to afford keyboards themselves, and so recreated synth-like noises using tape effects and treated guitars. Struve & Sneff was completed in September 1979 and was sold through mail order between 1979 and 1983 in a limited quantity of 250.

Songs for Swinging Larvae (1980–1981)
While on Holiday in San Francisco, Brian Poole visited 444 Grove Street, the headquarters of Ralph Records and The Residents. While there, Poole unknowingly met with a member of The Residents, and gave him copy of Struve & Sneff. The Resident listened to the first three tracks, and told him it was excellent. Shortly afterwards, the two began a mail correspondence, where The Resident expressed interest in signing the band to Ralph. During these correspondences, the duo recorded and sent Ralph Records two demo tapes, Songs For The Surgery recorded from November 1979 to Mid 1980, and Hats Off, Gentlemen! completed in Autumn of 1980. These, combined with Struve & Sneff, were enough for Ralph, and Jay Clem, representative for the label, was sent to England to sign them. After this, the two started working on their first LP, Songs For Swinging Larvae, recording and writing new songs for it throughout late 1980, as well as overdubbing material from their Ralph demos. The album was finished in November 1980, and production on its follow-up, Arabic Yodeling, began almost immediately afterwards in December.

Lyrically, the album was inspired by classical European literature, with Medical Man being a direct adaption of the first chapter of Arthur Conan Doyle's The Sign of the Four, Spratt's Medium being inspired by Samuel Beckett's Endgame and Ow! Stew the Red Shoe! taking lyrics from four short stories by Beckett found in a collection titled 'First Love'. The album title is a play on Frank Sinatra's Songs For Swinging Lovers.

Prior to the album's release, Poole and Janssen travelled to San Francisco in late February to film their Songs For Swinging Larvae music video in March. The idea was originally to film a video for 'Is Guava A Donut?', but Ralph suggested making the video a narrative about a recent abduction story. The video, directed by Graeme Whifer, would combine three songs recorded during the album's sessions, Spratt's Medium, Lime Jelly Grass, and an outtake, Melvyn's Repose. They knew the video would be controversial, but thought it would get them noticed.

After the video was completed The Residents invited the duo to their studio, where they jammed. After the session, The Residents suggested that they record an album together in the remaining three days of their visit, by taking the jam and adding overdubs. On the second day, they were split into two groups. Brian Poole and his half of The Residents were set to devise lyrics and singing, while Dave Janssen and his half were set to consider overdubs. On the third day overdubs would be recorded, and on day four it would be mixed. This demo tape was titled '4 Daze' and was left incomplete when the two returned to England. A few weeks after they had returned, they received a cassette tape of the demo with additional overdubs made by The Residents.

Songs For Swinging Larvae, along with the music video, were released in the US through Ralph Records on April 10, 1981, and in the UK two months later in June.

Arabic Yodeling and Title in Limbo (1982–1983)
Following the release of Songs For Swinging Larvae, the two began working on their third demo tape, titled 'The Serious Collection', which was sent to Ralph after its completion in July 1982. The material on this tape developed into much of their third album, Arabic Yodelling. The album was inspired by Ubu Roi by Alfred Jarry and the works of Charles Baudelaire. It was completed in January 1983, and was the first album by Renaldo & The Loaf to feature a guest musician, violinist Dave Baker, who was a friend of Brian Poole's. Baker and Janssen never met. It was also their first album to feature traditional keyboards, as the group had purchased a Casiotone 202 for use as Renaldo & The Loaf. Unlike Songs For Swinging Larvae and Struve & Sneff, the album would not have a U.K release, and would have had to have been imported from Ralph in the US by British fans.

When The Residents visited London on their Mole Show tour on June 28, 1983, David and Brian met with The Residents backstage to discuss their '4 Daze' collaboration that they had worked together on 2 years prior. The Residents had time in their schedule to finish it in September, and so three weeks of the month were chosen for them to complete the album. Unfortunately, Janssen was unable to get time off to visit San Francisco and so Brian went by himself, taking with him tape loops created by Dave, a Bouzouki, a Rababa, and a reed instrument known as a Mesmer. Sessions for the album continued over three weeks, with The Residents' usual equipment being in transit from their Leicestershire Mole Show performance in July. They used a Yamaha Keyboard, a 'Resitar' electric guitar, a drum machine and a violin, used by Snakefinger on the track 'Africa Tree' The album, titled Title in Limbo, was released in November 1983.

The Elbow Is Taboo (1984–1987)
Title in Limbo had made more money than any of their previous projects and gave the duo the budget they needed improve their recording set up. Brian Poole created a home studio which, unlike Janssen's bedroom, featured full mixing equipment. Poole felt this somewhat stifled his creative input, now that he was no longer able to record whenever he felt like. The duo also now had a sampler, a Roland TR-606 drum machine and a Korg SDD-1000 digital delay unit.

They began recording their follow-up to Arabic Yodeling in early 1984, with sessions continuing throughout the entirety of 1985 and finishing in late 1986. During this period the duo released two archival works, a re-edited LP version of Struve & Sneff, which included five outtakes from the original sessions was released, and, in 1985, a compilation titled 'Olleh Olleh Rotcod.' This compilation contained rare tracks by the band, as well as two excerpts from the Elbow is Taboo sessions, "Critical/Dance" and the title track.

By the time The Elbow Is Taboo was complete, Ralph were no longer acting as the duo's primary record label, as they had moved on to the UK based Some Bizzare records, Ralph would still release the album in the US, but were significantly less involved in the product's creation. With their previous albums, Poole and Jansseen would begin work on the follow-up as soon as the master tapes had been sent to Ralph, but in this case, the duo were not pleased with the proposed artwork created by Bizarre and had to take new photographs to be used instead. This caused significant delays in the album's release and exhausted the band. They discussed ideas for a follow-up at the time, but found it difficult to start anything. The album was inspired partly by French band Ptôse, whose song 'Boule' was covered by the duo.

In 1987 they recorded a cover version of "Haul on the Bowline" for the Ralph Records anthology album Potatoes, shortly after, the duo retired.

Solo Works (1989–2015)
Two years after the retirement of Renaldo & The Loaf, Brian Poole began working with Kwesi Marles (Who had assisted Renaldo & The Loaf on the Hambu Hodo EP), and formed a group named 'Shouting Hat'. They recorded an unreleased cover of 'Ravel's Bolero!' in 1989, and then a track titled 'Jump Jump' on the 1993 TEC Tones compilation 'Goobers ' under the name Fiction Friends. Around this same time, TEC Tones began releasing Renaldo & The Loaf's Ralph albums on CD.

In 1996 Poole worked with Frank Pahl on two songs, 'Value of Slacks', for his album 'In Cahoots', and 'Portsmouth' for his album 'Remove The Cork' In 1998, Title In Limbo was released on CD through Ralph America, followed by a CD issue of the original version of Sturve & Sneff from The Esoteric Music Group. Between 2002 and 2003 Poole also worked with The Moles on two tracks, 'Mole in a Hole' and 'We Are The Moles'. In 2005, he was asked by director and multi-instrumentalist Alex Wroten to collaborate on the end credits music for his film The Human Elbow.

19 years following his last release, Dave Janssen released a solo album titled 'The Entomology of Sound' under the pseudonym 'The Darkening Scale'. The same year he also released his second album, 'Sonic Archaeology', also as The Darkening Scale. The Darkening Scale was last active in 2020. From 2007 to 2008 Janssen briefly adopted the pseudonym 'Lightness Ascending'.

Reunions (2006–2013)
The duo were reunited in 2006, to create the Renaldoloaf.co.uk website. The year afterwards, they were commissioned to record three songs for the soundtrack to Kirk Mannican’s Liberty Mug. Six years after they were asked by record label Klanggalerie to create a song for a compilation album Section 25: Eigengrau. For this the duo created 'Girls Don't Count (The Critical Mix)'

Gurdy Hurding (2016–present)
In October 2016 the duo released their first studio album in 30 years, Gurdy Hurding. In June 2018 they performed at the Klanggalerie 25th Anniversary celebration, for which they performed their second ever live show since their formation. The following year they released the EP Song of the Lungfish, and in 2020, released two singles relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Influence
Notable artists influenced by Renaldo & The Loaf include The Residents, Frank Pahl, and Andrew Liles. The Residents, along with having worked with the duo, covered the three songs featured in Renaldo & The Loaf's Songs For Swinging Larvae music video for their Icky Flix project in 2001. Andrew Liles collaborated with the duo on his album 'Black Pool' in 2007 and performed songs written by them on the album. Frank Pahl worked with Brian Poole in the 1990s and the two co-wrote the song 'The Value Of Slacks' together. In 2021, Klanggalerie released Hardly Gurning While The World Is Turning, a reworked version of Gurdy Hurding, featuring remixes from various artists such as Cult With No Name, Eric Drew Feldman, Andrew Liles, Section 25, Transglobal Underground, and The Residents.

Discography
Albums

• Renaldo & The Loaf Play Struvé & Sneff (1979)

• Songs For Swinging Larvae (1981)

• Title In Limbo with The Residents (1983)

• Arabic Yodelling (1983)

• The Elbow is Taboo (1987)

• Gurdy Hurding (2016)

• Long Time Coming (2018)

• Hardly Gurning While The World Is Turning (2021)

Compilations EPs Singles

Renaldo & The Loaf – 23rd Century Giants (2022)
On March 8, 2022, Well Dang Productions released Renaldo & The Loaf – 23rd Century Giants. The film was directed by David Janssen and Alex Wroten. It details the history of Renaldo & The Loaf, including never-before-seen material and long-forgotten novelty items.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Renaldo and the Loaf


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Manawatū Gorge

The Manawatū Gorge (Te Āpiti) is a steep-sided gorge formed by the Manawatū River in the North Island of New Zealand. At 6 km long, the Manawatū Gorge divides the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges, linking the Manawatū and Tararua Districts. It lies to the northeast of Palmerston North. Its western end is near the small town of Ashhurst and its eastern end is close to the town of Woodville.

As one of the few links between the eastern and western North Island, the gorge is an important transport link, with the Palmerston North–Gisborne Line passing through the gorge, as well as State Highway 3; the road has been closed since 2017. Recreationally, the gorge is part of the Manawatū Gorge Scenic Reserve, with various walking tracks through the surrounding native bush.

Like many important geographic features in New Zealand, the creation and exploration of Manawatū Gorge is an embedded part of traditional Māori history. According to tradition, the first Māori to discover the gorge was Whātonga, an explorer from the Kurahaupō canoe, who found the gorge in about the 12th century. Europeans began to traverse the Manawatū Gorge around the 1840s; in 1842 Bishop George Augustus Selwyn and Chief Justice William Martin passed through the gorge to reach the Wairarapa.

Etymology
The Manawatū Gorge takes its name from the river which cuts through it, the Manawatū River. The river's name, which means 'heart standing still', is derived from the words manawa, meaning heart, and tū, meaning coming to a halt. This comes from traditional Māori history, in which it is said that Haunui-a-nanaia uttered the phrase when he caught sight of the river in his search for his wife Wairaka.

Te Āpiti is the Māori name for the gorge, which is usually translated to mean 'the narrowing', or 'the narrow passage'. The gorge was also sometimes given the name Te Au-rere-a-te-tonga.

Geography
The Manawatu Gorge is significant because, unlike most gorges, the Manawatu River is a water gap, that is it runs directly through the surrounding ranges from one side to the other. This was caused by the ranges moving upwards at the same time as the gorge was eroded by the river, instead of the more usual erosion of an already existing range.

The Manawatu River is the only river in New Zealand that starts its journey in the Tararua District on one side of the main divide, and finishes it on the other side near Foxton in the Tasman Sea.

Transport
The road through the Manawatu Gorge, State Highway 3, is on the south side of the river, and was completed in 1872. It was the primary link between the two sides of the lower North Island, before being abandoned in 2017 due to the number of slips. Other than Saddle Road and the Pahiatua Track, both narrow winding local roads a few kilometers north and south of the Manawatu Gorge, the gorge was the only east-west road connection between the Akatarawa Valley, 100 km to the south, and SH5 between Taupo and Napier 150 km north of the Manawatu Gorge.

The road through the Manawatu Gorge had a history of sometimes being closed by slips, especially following inclement weather.

A single track rail connection was established on the northern side of the gorge; it was completed in 1891 and is now part of the Palmerston North–Gisborne Line. The rail connection is mainly used by goods trains; there are currently no scheduled passenger rail services through the gorge. Occasional railway excursions, typically with steam trains, also make use of the scenic Manawatu Gorge Railway line with its two tunnels and several small bridges.

The Old Gorge Cemetery lies on the north side of the Manawatu Gorge. Public access is available, but the cemetery was closed many years ago to further burials. The road is located just a few kilometres out of Woodville on the north side of the gorge.

In 2011 the gorge was closed after several massive landslips. It did not reopen until August 2012, and parts of the highway were still limited to one lane. In October 2012 it was temporarily closed so contractors could destroy large rocks that posed a threat to traffic. Restoration was completed in November 2012.

SH3 was blocked again for one month by further slips after severe weather on 9 April 2015. In April 2017, the Manawatu Gorge was closed again due to a large slip. Contractors were pulled out of clearing the slip in July 2017 due to ongoing geological movement in the hill, closing the road indefinitely.

A further slip in July 2017 at the Ashhurst end of the Manawatu Gorge left an additional 10,000 cubic metres of rock on the road. Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency decided to close the Gorge route permanently. The authority investigated long-term options to bypass or replace the gorge route, with their final list having four options.

The chosen new route option, delayed from December 2017 and announced in March 2018, will be above the Gorge, but below the Saddle Road, and will bypass Ashurst.

Manawatu Gorge Track
A 10 km tramping track, the Manawatu Gorge Track, runs parallel to the gorge on the south side through native bush.

The walking track passes several lookout points, one of which is above the site of the 2015 landslide, aptly called the "Big Slip Lookout". The majority of the track leads through native bush, with the lookouts offering views overlooking the gorge and towards the Te Apiti Wind Farm continuing on the hills north of the gorge.

Also along the track, in the midst of native bush, stands the 6 m tall metal sculpture of Whatonga, one of three recognised Māori chiefs on board the Kurahaupo Waka, which journeyed across the ocean to New Zealand. The statue was funded by the Manawatu Gorge Biodiversity stakeholder group and is made of steel. It was lowered to its location in the bush by helicopter, and blessed at a dawn ceremony on 11 April 2014. The artwork on the sculpture features hammerhead shark patterns and depicts elements of the story of Whatonga's sea voyage, as well as emblems of all of the Manawatu Gorge biodiversity project stakeholders.

Up to date information on all walking and biking tracks is available on the Te Apiti website.

title: Manawatū Gorge


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Te Apiti

Te Apiti may refer to:

 * Manawatū Gorge

 * Te Apiti Wind Farm

title: Te Apiti


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Brian Penton

Brian Con Penton (21 August 1904 – 24 August 1951) was an Australian journalist and novelist. He was born at Ascot, a suburb of Brisbane, and educated at Brisbane Grammar School.

Writing career
In 1921 Penton found employment as a copy-boy on the Brisbane Courier and went on to work on The Sydney Morning Herald, The Daily Express and The Daily Mail in London and Sir Frank Packer's The Daily Telegraph in Sydney. He eventually became the editor of The Daily Telegraph. He also did some speech-writing for the Australian prime minister Stanley Melbourne Bruce, and for Bruce's predecessor Billy Hughes. In addition, he worked as a political and social commentator and published a number of works criticizing the political regimes of the day.

Penton wrote two novels, which sold quite well: Landtakers (1934), which chronicles pioneering life in Queensland from 1824 to 1864, and a sequel Inheritors (1936). One of the principal characters in these books is said to be based on Patrick Mayne of the Mayne Inheritance.

William Dobell won the 1943 Archibald Prize (awarded January 1944) with his caricature portrait of Joshua Smith (artist). In the ensuing controversy Penton sided with Dobell, both in The Daily Telegraph and in his 1946 book on Dobell. The book includes a reproduction of Dobell's caricature portrait of Penton, submitted to the same Archibald exhibition.

Penton Place, in the Canberra suburb of Gilmore, is named in his honour.

title: Brian Penton


text:
User talk:Zenosparadox

Hello, "Zenosparadox" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Zenosparadox


text:
Talk:Battle of Navarino

Countries listed as combatants
The combatant list was including countries like "Kingdom of Italy" and "Belgium" that did not exist as states at the time of battle. I removed all countries added by that edit, leaving only the states that have participating ships listed by name. Discuss on talk page if unhappy with change... Willhsmit 22:00, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Dates
The trivia section says "The engagement took place on the anniversary of the Battle of Salamis" but the Salamis article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis says that battle occured in September, not October.

Merger
So lets discuss it here. Kekrops, please don't decide just by yourself to redirect developed articles. At least start some discussion. At least merge them, instead of deleting completely. NPOVize the article if it is POV. I hope you haven't been always deleting relevant sourced infos. Anyways, I am not against a proper merger DenizTC 12:17, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Developed article? With all due respect, it's nothing of the sort. Take a look at the article history; it's a clear case of yet another POV WP:FORK by your compatriot User:Laertes d. ·ΚέκρωΨ· 12:23, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I really don't know the wikihistory (forks, merges, etc) but seeing the dates alone, the two have only one thing in common, they both took place in Navarino. The events described in the massacres article are dated to 1821, the battle took place in 1827. Lacking knowledge on the subject, I cannot comment on the events described in the massacres article, but those are tottaly unrelated to the naval battle of 1827. --Michalis Famelis (talk)  13:29, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Article is not POVfork of any sort, it is a separate massacre which occurred much earlier than the battle of Navarino..im suggesting to remove this template..For anyone who might want to dispute the accuracy of sources i can scan the pages..And Kekrops, you must be a joker really, how come massacre of chios is not, but massacre of Navarino is a POVfork?--laertes d 18:16, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

I agree that the articles should not be merged. The well known Battle of Navarino took place 6 years after the liberation of Navarino (Pylos both today and in ancient times, Navarino is an Italian name which I am curious to know the origin of) by Greek forces.

 * Origin of "navarino": From ancient Gr. "naus" (ναυς) (ship), from which all the related latin-european words (navy etc), Liddell & Scott dictionary.

I do think that the article should be renamed "Siege of Navarino" and the massacre of some Turkish inhabitants took place following the city's capture by Greek forces. This event really had no impact on anything, and only a few families were killed, it is not really worth an article. It is not like the Chios Massacre, which had tens of thousands of victims and sent reverberations throughout Europe, or the Destruction of Psara which again killed tens of thousands and is sparked outrage and remembrance throughout Greece. If we have an article for this, we need separate articles for a million tiny things such as Ibrahim's razing of Kalamata, which certainly killed many times the victims at Navarino. I really do not think that the killings of a few families warrant an entire article separate from the siege of Navarino-- obviously what was important about the event was the capture of the city, which would remain in Greek hands until today, not the deaths of a relatively small number of civilians, however detestable their killings were. AlexiusComnenus 20:27, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Initially I thought that they weren't that relevant as well, but since they happened in about the same time period, in the same place, and since Kekrops redirected one to the other one, I started to think that they might be quite relevant, hence I am still not against a merger. Also Alexius, welcome back. DenizTC 06:44, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

But Denizz, they refer to two different events, although they almost happened in the same period, during the Greek revolt..Returning to alexius suggestion, first destruction of Psara did not cause to the tens of thousands of deaths neither. The entire population was about 7.000 according to George Finlay, and that is an authoritative source unlike the certain websites you used for this article..Plus, i didnt mention about the massacres in Vrachori, Monemvasia, Kalavryta, Athens or elsewhere..There could be established an article for all these separete massacres, which i havent done..what disturbs me the most with Alexius edits is his continuous attempt in trying to portray as if massacres ottoman empire committed were somehow were worse than his beloved greek revolutionnaries--laertes d 08:58, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I wrote this article and strongly object to including this irrelevant material. Wikipedia is supposed to be an objective resource and not a forum for nationalist propaganda. The article is about the Battle of Navarino 1827. An alleged massacre at Navarino in 1821 has no place in it. The Navsrino massacre should remain as a separate article. Andrea 27/9/07 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.85.44.73 (talk) 21:23, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Ship totals
The totals for ships and cannon in the table at the bottom do not add up. There are five ships to many on the Allied side in the smallest category: the two French ships and apparently all three English ships with 10 cannon each. Classical geographer (talk) 14:58, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Anachronistic ship classes
The largest ships to participate in the battle were probably "ships of the line" in contemporary terms. A ship of the ine was designed to fire massive broadsides perpendicular to the direction that the ship was moving.

The term "battleship" generally refers to much larger, steel-hulled, steam-powered ships with large, turreted guns -- a type that didn't exist until the later decades of the nineteenth century. The "Maine" that sank at Havana was a battleship. The famous Dreadnought was a battleship. So was the Missouri. They could move their guns in any direction, and thus, were no longer ships of the line. Scott Adler (talk) 05:49, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Technically, you are right: the full name of the pre-steam ships was "line-of-battle ships". But during the Napoleonic Wars, the press regularly abbreviated the name to simply "battleships" and this term entered common use. It is therefore appropriate to use the term for Navarino: it is used frequently in the documents of the time. EraNavigator (talk) 08:25, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * According to the Oxford English Dictionary 2nd Ed, the term "battleship" came into use in 1794, so it is not anachronistic to use it for Navarino, as it was the common term by then. EraNavigator (talk) 08:56, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with Scott on this one. I consistently see "ships-of-the-line" as the standard term for vessels in the period.  To say "battleship" is to adopt layman's terms.  Also, ships-of-the-line are ships of 64-or-more guns, and the article classifies some of  these as double-decked frigates.  While they may have been double-decked, it does not make them frigates as they mounted more than 64 guns.  To illustrate, the Leopard was a two-decked frigate of 50 guns.  No one can call the 64-gun Africa a simple double-decked frigate: she was a ship-of-the-line as follows classification conventions in accordance with rating. Auror (talk) 02:40, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

James As the Primary Source
How wise is it to base the majority of the article upon the works of James? Roosevelt did a thorough job of discrediting his 1812 production, and I cringe to think of the potential inaccuracies James included in his writing on Navarino. Auror (talk) 02:46, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It is not based on James, but on original documents reproduced in James. EraNavigator (talk) 12:08, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've obtained a copy of the most recent study of the battle, C.M. Woodhouse The Battle of Navarino (1965). Using this, I've added more detail on the battle itself and on the Allied navies. EraNavigator (talk) 08:29, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Warship classification
(1) I see nothing wrong with using popular terms, providing they were in use at the time. The point is that battleship is much more intelligible to the general reader, than the cumbersome and obsolete ship-of-the-line. But in the text I have added ("ships-of-the-line") after "battleships" to clarify. (2) You argue that any boat with 64 or more guns should be classified as a battleship. On this basis, at least 3 more Turkish boats were battleships. But they are defined in Codrington's own despatches as frigates and I don't think we should second-guess that. Standards varied with every country and often the dividing line between classes was blurred. The point is that its fighting capability was assessed as frigate-class, not just because of its no of guns but also size, height, sails etc. It seems that by 1827, only 74+ guns were seen as battleships. EraNavigator (talk) 14:02, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Other
As a regular reader and very occasional editor, I just wanted to say that of the hundreds of "Battle of" pages I've read on Wikipedia over the years, this is probably the best written. Excellent balance of fact, narrative and analysis.

 * As the main author, I thank you for the accolade. Would you support the article for upgrading to A-grade? PS: If you are interested in battles, see also Battle of Strasbourg, also written by me, which is rated A. Regards EraNavigator (talk) 10:12, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

I also have to state (as a regular reader of "Battle of") that this article is excellent in content and writing. The most remarkable is the understandability of the rather complex facts and setting. Keep up the good work! PS i have never commented on "Editing Talk" before, so please excuse any gaps in my etiquette 62.242.47.231 (talk) 01:24, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Naval Technology
''The navies, especially the British one, had ignored the new technologies that were to transform them by the 1850s: steam propulsion, ironclad hulls, rifled guns and explosive shells. All these had been invented by 1827, but their development for naval warfare, let alone introduction, met dogged resistance from senior naval echelons.''

Actually, the various navies were fully aware of some of these technologies and certainly did not attempt to suppress them. They were also aware that in 1827 none of the technologies were developed enough for battle. Steam propulsion would be useless for warships until screw propellors became practical after 1840. The first iron ship would not be built until 1829, while ironclad warships would not be invented until the Crimean War. Rifled artillery would not be developed until the 1840s, and not used in battle until late in the American Civil War. Naval guns that could fire explosive shells would not become practical until after 1840, and not used in battle until the Crimean War. Clearly, the admirals were correct to use traditional technology [in] 1827. See Ironclad warship. Vgy7ujm (talk) 06:47, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Ethnic Turks Master Nation??
This statement about in Ottoman Empire ethnic Turks considered "master nation" seems anachronistic. Ottoman Empire was a multinational empire and even though its official language was Turkish and core of the army consisted of Turks, there was no concept similar to master nation at that time. Ottoman state didn't oficially recognized ethnic divisions but only religious divisions. Each church or religious institution considered a "millet". That religious "millet"s were the closest things to nation Ottoman state recognized. Besides that Ottomans tried balancing different ethnicities with each other pragmatically. For example, in household troops and central buerocracy they preferred european converts, while in provincial buerocracy and troops they preferred Turks. Being a muslim was an advantage in Ottoman Empire, being a Turk wasn't, apart from cultural advantage of speaking official language. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.44.188.115 (talk) 13:01, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Ships bells in Slovenia
Sorry, but I fail to see the relevance to the account of this battle of what was done with the ships' bells in Sveti Jost. This is tangential material which surely belongs to the article on Sveti Jost, and not to Battle of Navarino. Otherwise, anyone could add info on any other memorabilia e.g. Codrington's pipe or underpants? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.26.18.42 (talk) 19:50, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I've left the details about the bell's weight and such out of the paragraph, because this material indeed does not have any direct relevance for the battle. It is discussed in more detail in Sveti Jošt nad Kranjem. However, my opinion is that this paragraph belongs to the article, because the inscription on the bell includes an explicit reference to this battle and shows how the battle was referenced by great poets of the time. Do Codrington's pipe or underpants include any such reference? If they do, I have no objection to including them here. --Eleassar my talk 20:25, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

I remain unconvinced that this information has any place in this article (and it could open the flood-gates to masses of other trivial and tangential additions). But, if you really insist on including it, I suggest that you add it to the Commemoration section at the foot of the article, or even better, add it as a footnote. It definitely should NOT be part of the Battle section, which should be strictly limited to a narrative of the course of the battle itself. EraNavigator (talk) 12:45, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

Russian flag in Infobox

 * There have been persistent edits by one or more contributors to place the present Russian tricolour flag in the Infobox, to replace the Romanov double-headed eagle standard. This is un-historical. The tricolour, a modified imitation of the Dutch Republic's flag, was first introduced by Peter the Great in the 17th century, but only as a maritime flag for military and commercial vessels. The official flag of the state, flown from public buildings and by military regiments, remained the Romanov dynasty's double-headed eagle banner, itself based on the standard of the Byzantine Empire. The tricolour was not adopted as the official flag of the Empire until 1896.EraNavigator (talk) 15:04, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

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The David Roberts picture

Was Edward Codrington depicted in the famous meeting with Muhammad Ali of Egypt in 1839?

The book does not mention him at all: link

The book does mention Patrick Campbell (British Army officer, born 1779), Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds (=Linant Pasha) and Thomas Fletcher Waghorn.

Comments? Huldra (talk) 23:59, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
 * It seems that you are definitively right.--Phso2 (talk) 10:10, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:54, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Tunisian flag till 1831.svg

Battle of Naverino article
I have a query about the actual date the battle took place on. In the article it mentions 20 th October 1827 and in brackets beside ‘ OS 8 th October 1827 ‘ what is the reference to 8th October about ? Thanks 92.40.177.93 (talk) 08:27, 25 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Its the old style date format of some countries (usually its Russia) Danial Bass (talk) 20:38, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Navarino


text:
Talk:War of the Pacific

Untitled / unsigned
== I read the article with fascination. In the section titled "Land War" it states: Peruvians fell back to Tiliviche. But the map in this section identifies a town named Tiviliche. Which one is correct? Thank you. -- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lytsar (talk • contribs) 16:04, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Good point. There is an article in Spanish wikipedia on Tiliviche - https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiliviche - but that also mentions "La Hacienda de Tiviliche". -- Beardo (talk) 18:02, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

Casualties
The casualties in the infobox need work. The Chilean casualties were wrong due to a bizarre misreading where lines such as "434-58" for the killed at Alianza/Tacna were interpreted as "between 434 and 58" instead of "between 434 and 458". The situation for Peru and Bolivia is even worse because the source gives "killed in action" and "wounded" separately for some battles, only the sum for others, and for yet others both separate figures and the sum, where the sum given by the source doesn't agree with the sum of the separate numbers given by the same source (I assume that's due to conflicting information on which the source's casualty figures is based). Also, for many of the battles the numbers are clearly rounded to the nearest 100 (or possibly even 1000) whereas for smaller skirmishes two dead might get mentioned. The proportion of dead to wounded for Peru/Bolivia seems off throughout; for example, at San Francisco (19 November 1879) they are said to have suffered 135-500 dead, but only 88 wounded - and a total of 400-6,000 "Killed in action and wounded". For another battle, the "Killed in action" outnumber the "Killed in action and wounded". The Peruvian/Bolivian figures given by the source are, in sum over all listed battles: The article currently makes it appear as if the "Killed in action and wounded" were the total casualties Bolivia and Peru suffered, which they're not due to both battles for which the source gives no such value at all and to the inconsistency between these figures and the others for the battles for which the source gives both kinds of data. I'll do the following: Details should be covered in the body of the article. Huon (talk) 23:23, 26 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Killed in action: 12.934-18.213 (no estimate for one of the twelve considered battles)
 * Wounded: 7.891-7.896 (no estimates for two of the battles)
 * Killed in action and wounded: 4.367-10,467 (no estimates for seven of the twelve considered battles)
 * POWs: 8.103-9.103 (no estimates for two of the battles)
 * Correct the misinterpretation for Chile.
 * For Bolivia and Peru, go with "about 25,000 killed and wounded, about 9,000 prisoners of war". This ballpark estimate avoids giving a false sense of accuracy.

Map of Chilean claims
The image used shows the Falkland Islands as Argentina's territory even though it was occupied by Great Britain at the time. Regardless of opinions of who should and should not own these islands, showing them as being Argentinean at the time is incorrect and should be amended or the map replaced with another colour scheme to show claimed British territories. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.155.59.96 (talk) 12:07, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

Over half of the lede is about the origin of the war
I have noticed that over half of the lede is about the origin of the war. Some issues are also almost repeated in the lead. While I think the lede is balanced regarding the views on the origin, this is not place to discuss it at such lenght. There are more important things to include in the lead, like the phases of the war or its societal and political consequences. Any thoughts on this? Dentren | Talk 18:05, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

 * I agree that more is needed on the phases and consequences. The entire article needs to follow the WP:SUMMARY guidelines more accordingly.--MarshalN20 ✉ 🕊 18:43, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Here is a proposal to shorten the origins in the lead.
 * The war originated from a dispute over taxation of nitrate between Bolivia and Chile with Peru being drawn in by virtue of its 1873 treaty of alliance with Bolivia. Historians and commentators have however pointed out at deeper origins for the war including Chilean interest in taking over a resource-rich area, a long-running rivalry between Chile and Peru, as well as the unstable politics and troubled economies of Peru and Bolivia. On February 14, 1879 Chile's armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta, subsequently war between Bolivia and Chile was declared on March 1, 1879, and between Chile and Peru on April 5, 1879.
 * I find the quote of Ronald Bruce St. John still very valuable so its should be kept among the footnotes. The secrecy and "anti-Chilean" nature of the 1873 treaty is irrelevant at this point. Also, I want to preventively state that whether Chile's actions were justified or not can be discussed elsewhere in detail. I find that the leghty origins section in the lead right now is just an unwarranted reminder that the origins were complex and that it was not just a war of aggression. Dentren | Talk 20:17, 5 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Instead of writing "originated", perhaps it would suit better to indicate that "The war began over a nitrate taxation dispute between Bolivia and Chile, with Peru being drawn in due to its secret defense pact with Bolivia"? --MarshalN20 ✉ 🕊 02:28, 8 June 2021 (UTC)
 * MarshalN20, I added most of your suggestions but not the secretive nature of treaty since it would misslead the reader into thinking Chile was fought off-guard by an unexpected alliance. Regarding the defensive nature of the treaty I omitted it also for now as I recall som old arguments here about it and the Spanish version of the treaty article, which is well-crafted, problematizes it. Dentren | Talk 08:49, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

Salitre / salitrera
The article frequently uses the word salitre, which is the Spanish for saltpeter. Shouldn't it use the English word ?

Also salitrera - is there an English word for that ? -- Beardo (talk) 18:07, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello Beardo, saltpeter is the word that should be used here. Caliche, the source rock of saltpeter, however should not be translated. Judginf from that article Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works a salitrera is a "saltpeter work". Dentren | Talk 23:33, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

"and Peru was defeated by the Chilean Navy"
This sentence which are apparently sourced (have not fact-checked these offline sources) is not completely correct. Peru as a political entity was not defeated by Chile's victory at sea. The Arica, Lima and Sierra campaigns show that the Peruvian state was unwillingly to accept the outcome of the naval war as its definitive defeat. By the time Chile had gained naval supremacy there was still a long way to go before a real victory. I therefore propose to remove the sentence "The Chilean Army took Bolivia's nitrate-rich coastal region, and Peru was defeated by the Chilean Navy.[9][10]" from the lead. Apart from not being completely correct it duplicates information already provided in the lead or that can be inferred from it, such as the fact the Chile won, that there was a naval war and that Chile occupied territories of the allies. Dentren | Talk 23:30, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:War of the Pacific


text:
Talk:Oakland firestorm of 1991

Proposal to add info on Rockridge BART memorial
I propose to add in "Aftermath" that the Rockridge BART station in Oakland has a "Memorial Tile Wall" that was commemorated October 19, 2006 (Source). It contains 2,300 tiles hand-painted by community members commemorating the lives lost. (Source) (Source). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.71.19.210 (talk) 01:07, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

Proposal to Rename/Move
I propose to rename the article to conform with the most common (by far) name that is used for the fire: the Oakland firestorm 1991, because: (1) there is as yet no proper geographical name "Oakland Hills"---they are still officially the Berkeley Hills. They may well be the Oakland hills (no cap), but until the Geographic Nomenclature Poobahs say otherwise, they're still the Berkeley Hills. If I had my say, they'd go back to being the Contra Costa Hills; (2) Google shows 175,000 entries for "Oakland firestorm", but only 48,100 for Oakland Hills Firestorm, and only the first page or so of these are verbatim. Tmangray 00:06, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

The title I propose above, while conforming to the most common name appearing, seems nonetheless awkward as is. Alternate proposed titles: (1) Oakland Firestorm of 1991, or (2) 1991 Oakland Firestorm. Tmangray 00:23, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Or (3) Oakland Firestorm (1991). Tmangray 03:18, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

All three paragraphs of this proposal are by the same person, and the name change seems to have been made without any discussion. FEMA's link FEMA: California Oakland Hills Fire seems to suggest that the "Oakland Hills Fire" is the declared emergency name. Furthermore, is there really no such thing as the Oakland Hills? People seem to call it by that name here all the time (perhaps informally)? I'd like to see some sources cited that will convince readers that geographers have only named the entire stretch of hills after Berkeley. Gordeonbleu 22:40, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Go to the discussion page for Berkeley Hills. In fact, there is no such proper name "Oakland Hills" for the hills of Oakland.  Yet. Tmangray 23:23, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Judging from what I've seen in the Berkeley Hills talk page, there's an unsettled dispute over the "Berkeley Hills"/"Oakland Hills" definition that only started yesterday. It hardly seems fair to make such a decisive change to other articles when the discussion is very recent and still very open. Gordeonbleu 04:45, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * As for the FEMA link, there's nothing there anymore. The title they used is a title, so they used caps.  The USGS GNIS (official geog. nomenclature index) has no listing for "Oakland Hills", except as a possible alternate name for the San Leandro Hills. Tmangray 23:27, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The article was improperly moved and renamed such that the talk and history were omitted. The name assigned was not the most common name found on search engines such as Google.  I restored the talk and history to the article and renamed it in accordance with the most commonly found name. Tmangray 17:14, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I grew up in the Bay Area and remember the Oakland Hills Fire when it happened. The locals call it that, in my experience, and apparently it's also the official FEMA designation. Can we rename this page to reflect that? —Arthaey (talk) 00:31, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

 * I lived in the Bay Area at the time of the fire. My impression then was that the media adopted the term "firestorm", most likely because it was dramatic and, for print, shorter. I support renaming the article.--Quisqualis (talk) 14:15, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

I agree with Quisqualis. Check out the Oakland Hills Fire Memorial Park at 37.850212, -122.226248. The accepted name of the event is pretty obvious. I also support putting the year (1991) in the article title. Oakland Hills Fire (1991). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pechaney (talk • contribs) 16:54, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Wish it was still titled Oakland Hills Fire. (1991) would be okay too since there were THREE of them - 1923, 1970, and 1980. "Firestorm" is hokey-ass b.s., no native calls it that. Yeah, I'm a native. In fact had two friends who lost houses in that fire. 116.231.78.79 (talk) 09:54, 11 August 2018 (UTC)

Deaths
My recollection at the time was 80 people killed. I am probably wrong. Does anyone have a source for the number 25? --AStanhope 00:32, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Here is one: http://www.sfmuseum.org/oakfire/overview.html Lagringa 21:50, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Other Fires
I removed the discussion of other fires in the past 100 years. The fact that major fires occur somewhere in a large metropolitan area with some frequency is not noteworthy. Lagringa 19:53, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Except for the SF quake fire and the 1923 Berkeley fire since only these two others razed large numbers of homes inside the urbanized area. These two fires are the ones which were most mentioned in discussions and media coverage of the Oakland fire. Tmangray 00:26, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Image
I thought is would be less confusing if north was at the top. I'm not sure if my attempt to upload the flipped image was successful. If not, could someone else please fix it? Lagringa 21:50, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Don't know if this goes in the article,but...
As I was watching a Detroit Lions-San Francisco 49ers on Sacro's KXTV that very Sunday,I saw the plume of smoke from a angled live shot during the game as the assigned NFL on CBS play-by-play announcer informed viewers of what was unfolding across the bay from Candlestick Park at that very moment.Though it's unknown whether there's a reliable online source,I'd figure I'd make this suggestion anyway... Ranma9617 02:34, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Oakland firestorm of 1991


text:
Doveridge

Doveridge is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire, United Kingdom, near the border with Staffordshire and about 2 km east of Uttoxeter. Its name may come from its having a bridge over the river Dove (i.e. Dove(B)ridge), a tributary of the River Trent. The civil parish population (including Oaks Green) as taken at the 2011 Census was 1,622.

Doveridge has a pub, the "Cavendish Arms", a village shop, and a working men's club. The village also has a football team and a cricket team, both quite successful in their local leagues.

History
Doveridge was recorded in the Domesday Book, under the old English name "Dubbige", as belonging to Henry de Ferrers and being worth one hundred shillings.

According to legend, Robin Hood and Maid Marian were married under the old yew tree in the churchyard of St Cuthbert's Church in the village. The church is over 900 years old and has an historic peal of bells.

Doveridge hall, designed in the neoclassical style and completed in 1769, was the seat of Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet; it was demolished in 1938.

The A50 from Derby to Stoke-on-Trent used to run through the village. In the 1960s it was planned to widen this road, and Cavendish Lodge, a splendid 16 room, 17th century hunting lodge, belonging to the Lewis family, was knocked down. Shortly afterwards the road widening plan was dropped; however a by-pass was built in 1998 to the north of the village.

Governance
The village has its own civil parish.

Doveridge is part of the Doveridge and Sudbury ward in Derbyshire Dales District Council and is represented by Jacqueline Allison, an Independent who won this normally safe Conservative seat in 2019 election.

Doveridge is part of the Derbyshire Dales constituency and the current MP is Conservative Sarah Dines; before Brexit it was part of the East Midlands European Parliament constituency and was represented by 5 MEPs.

Public services
Despite being in Derbyshire, Doveridge uses the Uttoxeter (01889) area code.

Transport
The A50 runs to the north of the village and is the main way into the village.

Doveridge has 5 bus Stops and is served by routes 1 and 1E.

The Nearest Railway station is Uttoxeter.

The nearest airport is East Midlands.

Media
The local newspapers covering the area are the Uttoxeter Advertiser and the Uttoxeter Post and Times.

The BBC local radio station is BBC Radio Derby and the local independent station is Capital East Midlands.

Doveridge is covered by the Central ITV and BBC East Midlands TV regions.

title: Doveridge


text:
Hough function

In applied mathematics, the Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations which govern fluid motion on a rotating sphere. As such, they are relevant in geophysics and meteorology where they form part of the solutions for atmospheric and ocean waves. These functions are named in honour of Sydney Samuel Hough.

Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and may be expressed as an infinite sum of associated Legendre polynomials; the functions are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case. Thus they can also be thought of as a generalized Fourier series in which the basis functions are the normal modes of an atmosphere at rest.

title: Hough function


text:
User:Tilgrieog

My name is Adam. I'm a mathematics student in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

I think Wikipedia is the best thing to ever happen to the information world by a long shot. It kind of puts a proud view of humanity in your heart. I can't believe there are so few Tasmanians who know about it, so you should tell all your friends.

I mostly clean up, fix spelling and grammar, fill out articles on Australia, and when I get the time I occasionally write my own articles on something (when I find something someone else hasn't already done).

Interests: mathematics, physics, engineering, film and television, the English language.

My philosophies on Wikipedia
I'm really quite impressed with most of Wikipedia, but then I read some articles, and I remember, "Oh yeah, this is really just a bunch of amateurs who have no real training or experience writing encyclopedia articles."

I think an article should be a complete, coherent discussion of a topic assuming no real understanding of the subject beforehand. I'm sick and tired of reading articles to find out what something is, and they don't even start with a simple, concise context in which the page title fits into society. Also, I'm tired of reading articles written by people trying to explain something in ways they shouldn't.

Example: I love The Simpsons. I feel I really understand what the writers are trying to do. The jokes are crazy, and it's not meant to be taken seriously. Now go to ANY Simpsons character page. It is bullshit...all completely ridiculous. You may as well take the Simpsons category and chuck the thing in the bin. Start again. Why? Somewhere along the line, somebody started taking the jokes literally, and they try to work out "WHERE IS SPRINGFIELD?" and they seriously can't work out why the hints in the shows contradict each other. You see, they missed the point.

An encyclopedia that is a compendium of human knowledge needs to base its explanation on the point of view of where things fit into society. In other words, start in an article by saying what the thing literally is in the context of the world, and then feed through information about how that thing has had an effect on society, that is, what does it mean to us. The Simpsons is not a bunch of facts about the characters and setting--it is a comedy! At its core The Simpsons is not the stuff that is written about the things in it, but rather, The Simpsons is a STYLE OF HUMOUR THAT IS COMMUNICATED THROUGH THE CHARACTERISATIONS OF THE PERSONALITIES IN IT. So in other words, those articles should be about what makes up the personalities of the characters, the setting, and the style of events that happen in the episodes. Because in The Simpsons, with the facts that have been presented previously, you can't predict what might happen at a subsequent time--they don't work that way. However, knowing the types of people and things that are portrayed in the show, you can usually guess what might be expected in the humour or the plot.

So they got off the track of where they should be. And that's a disappointment.

Criticisms of people who probably shouldn't be writing for an encyclopedia
As a mathematician and scientist, a keen logician and contributor to the world, my mind pretty much runs on pattern and organisation. I've said that Wikipedia is great, but only if it maintains a certain level of perfectionism in those who use it. There are many, many criticisms I have of those who think they're doing something nice, but really they're just making things worse. I just want Wikipedia to have the same standard right across the board, but what annoys me is:
 * Bad spelling, grammar and getting lost in tense
 * Punctuation errors, especially forgetting where you should italicise
 * Bad photographs on pages
 * Pictures just scanned from books
 * Pages that have lots of photos but they're all from the same source (and thus all of the same thing)
 * Any page that's called "List of BLANK" where BLANK is not the members of a finite set (and hence that list can never be complete)
 * People making articles over trivial things

title: User:Tilgrieog


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In a Beautiful Place Out in the Country

In a Beautiful Place Out in the Country is an EP by Scottish electronic music duo Boards of Canada. It was released by Warp and music70 on 27 November 2000, in the period between the duo's albums Music Has the Right to Children and Geogaddi. Like those albums, it was well received by critics. It peaked at number 15 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. Originally pressed on blue vinyl, the vinyl version of the EP was reissued on black vinyl in 2013.

Background
The four-track collection centers around the theme of the Branch Davidian religious sect and their Waco retreat. The title of the EP refers to a vocoder-processed and slowed voice sample used on the third track, which repeats "come out and live in a religious community in a beautiful place out in the country." This line was spoken by Amo Bishop Roden, after whom the second track is named, in an interview for the Mysteries, Magic & Miracles TV series. Amo Bishop Roden, the widow of David Koresh rival George Roden, reoccupied the Waco site after its destruction, sleeping in a ditch near the property until federal authorities who had been keeping her away finally abandoned it.

Critical reception
According to Metacritic, In a Beautiful Place Out in the Country received an average score of 78 out of 100 based on 4 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

In 2017, Pitchfork placed it at number 12 on its list of "The 50 Best IDM Albums of All Time". Writing for Pitchfork, Ben Cardew said, "this four-song release stands as its own beast, the pinnacle of the Scottish duo’s ability to soundtrack the moment when ecstasy succumbs to doubt."

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
 * Marcus Eoin – writing, production
 * Michael Sandison – writing, production
 * Hexagon Sun – artwork, photography

title: In a Beautiful Place Out in the Country


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Christine Milne

Christine Anne Milne (Morris; born 14 May 1953) is an Australian politician who served as a Senator for Tasmania. She was the leader of the parliamentary caucus of the Australian Greens from 2012 to 2015. Milne stepped down as leader on 6 May 2015, replaced by Richard Di Natale.

Early life and education
Milne was born in Latrobe, Tasmania, the second daughter of Wesley Vale dairy farmers Tom and June Morris. She attended Wesley Vale Area School from 1959 to 1963, St Mary's College, Hobart as a boarder from 1964 to 1969, and completed her final year of schooling at Devonport High School in 1970.

She studied history and political science at the University of Tasmania from 1971 to 1974, where she resided at Ena Waite University College and was elected its President. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Australian History, and a Certificate of Education in March 1975.

From 1975 to 1984 Milne worked as a secondary school teacher, teaching English, History and Social Science at Parklands High School, Devonport High School and Don College. She first came to public attention for her role in opposing the building of the Wesley Vale pulp mill near Bass Strait in North Western Tasmania on the basis of its environmental impact. She also participated in the ultimately successful campaign opposing the Franklin Dam and was arrested and jailed in 1983. She worked as a research officer with the Australian Bicentennial Historical Records Search from 1987 to 1988.

Political career
Milne was first elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1989 as a member of the Tasmanian Greens in the electorate of Lyons, one of five Green politicians elected at that election. She was part of the Labor–Green Accord, a political agreement between the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Tasmanian Greens to form government after the 1989 general election had resulted in a hung parliament. When Bob Brown stood down in 1993 to contest the federal election, she became leader of the Greens in the Tasmanian Parliament and the first female leader of a political party in Tasmania.

She oversaw a loose alliance between the Greens and Labor after the 1996 general election. During that time, Tasmania saw significant economic and social reform. Measures included gun law reform, liberalisation of gay laws, an apology to the Indigenous stolen generation and support for an Australian republic.

In 1998, the major parties voted to restructure the House of Assembly from 35 to 25 seats, increasing the quota of votes required to be elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly. Liberal Premier Tony Rundle immediately called an election, which his party subsequently lost. Due to the changes, Milne lost her seat, leaving the Greens with one remaining seat.

After her career in state politics, Milne was an adviser to Senator Bob Brown from 2000 until she was elected to represent Tasmania in the Federal Senate at the 2004 federal election. Preferences to Family First from the Australian Labor Party almost prevented her from being elected; however, she managed to reach a quota mostly as a result of the high level of below-the-line voting in Tasmania. The other Green elected at that election was Rachel Siewert from Western Australia. Milne was part of Bob Brown's frontbench covering the portfolios of Arts, Climate change, Competition Policy & Small Business, Finance & Administration, Food Security, Regional Australia, Resources & Energy, and Trade.

Milne was Vice-President of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, also known as the World Conservation Union) from 2005 to 2008. She became Deputy Leader of the Australian Greens on 10 November 2008.

In 2009, Milne debated the shortcomings of Australian Climate Change Regulatory Authority Bill 2009 in the federal parliament.

On 13 April 2012, Milne became the leader of the Australian Greens after the resignation of Bob Brown. She reorganised the Green's front bench.

On 6 May 2015, Milne announced her immediate resignation from the leadership of the Australian Greens, and foreshadowed her departure from the Senate. Milne resigned from the Senate on 10 August 2015.

title: Christine Milne


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User talk:Flipinuk

Hello, "Flipinuk" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

P.S.: Please write in complete sentences. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 07:11, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

title: User talk:Flipinuk