text:
Talk:Charles Haughey

Family Background
Someone edited it to take out the part about Haughey's family home being burnt. The footnote to that dubious claim refers to the BBC obituary. In all likelihood, the Wikipedia entry was the source for the BBclass=B, C writer as the claim was made in the free encyclopedia before Haughey died. It would be extremely naive to assume that the BBC provides nothing but the facts. I also doubt the claim because the buildings were very primitive and would not have been worth burning. Also, the Haughey's didn't have a home as Haughey's father was raised by his grandmother, who was a Kane, maiden name Heaney. She was a younger sister of my great-grandfather. My great-grandfather was found dead in a ditch around the same time, 1923. He was an American citizen but came back at the end. ''== Correct; furthermore, they didn't move directly to Castlebar from Swatragh. Can you please email me to discuss Haugheys and O'Kanes. Looks like you and I are related...''--Angrianan 19:04, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

He was also related to the poet. Some articles have described Haughey's family as being from a slum but they were from the same area as Heaney, which he has often described. (I assume Haughey and Heaney are related but in that area probably lots of people are.)

I believe Heaney has described bodies being found in the area at the time. It's difficult to know how many because many because many just fled and there wasn't much communication at the time. Heaney wrote a poem Whatever you say Say Nothing, which is sort of typical of the area. Heaney has himself avoided talking about it much. The British government had lots of power so there wasn't much chance to say much until after WW2 and by then there weren't many who remembered. My grandmother was the youngest and lived the longest but I asked her one time and she said she didn't know anything about it. I believe Charles Haughey called her around the time his father died and she must have known something about him. She called him Johnny. They were about the same age although she was actually a generation ahead.

My grandmother left shortly before her father died and there was no one else left on the farm. Her sister came to the US with Haughey's uncle James Haughey and another cousin, Barney O'Kane, who died falling off a building fighting a fire for the NYFD on Christmas in 1927. They barely made it to the US as they beat the Titanic by one day. Probably they didn't take it cause they couldn't afford it. They had less than $15 each. The records are all in the Elis Island site. C.J. Haughey's grandmother lived in New York.

When I was kid we throught of Irish people as being poor, and that was when Haughey was first in power. I don't know if he was a nice guy, but it seems he was trying to change the image of the country by showing lots of class. This might be sort of American. He believed in it when other people were bailing out. Literally most of his money problems were related to real estate debt that eventually made him rich. So then they say he was poor and he got rich. Well, that's what happens when you borrow money to buy real estate that jumps in value. Of course, Irish people like to begrudge.

 * Not commenting on any of the above apart from "Well, that's what happens when you borrow money to buy real estate that jumps in value." Yes, but it certainly helps it to jump in value when a county council just randomly happens to decide your land will just happen to get public sewerage pipes and water mains put in.  Purely coincidence, of course, that the owner is a powerful politician... Bastun 13:41, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

I would think if they're going to subdivide Abbyville they would have to put in new pipes. This is the sort of typical nonsensical Irish compliant. Haughey's not the only one to benefit from the real estate run up. He likely would have ended up rich if he never got into politics at all, assuming the country turned out the same way. The types of real estate transactions he did were actually pretty simple compared to what happens every day in the US. Have you ever seen the movie Chinatown? It's based on the true story of how Los Angeles was created. A more example is the Irvine Ranch, which was founded by an Irish family. The last Irvine died supposedly of suicide in the 1960's, but many suspect he was murdered. He was also a big investor in Las Vegas, which is how he got involved with the Mafia. I haven't heard of Haughey murdering anyone. Considering how his family was treated he could have called it fair play.
 * How was his family treated? --Ryano 09:28, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I work in Irvine, didn't know they were Irish, where can I find more background info?--Rye1967 23:01, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * What is this stuff about putting in new pipes at Abbeville? Among the planning difficulties with developing the area is the fact that it's on the approach path into Dublin Airport, where higher density housing is restricted.  JXM 18:09, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

@anonymous contributor: the point about the pipes is that when it was done, there was "no question" (heh) of the land being used for housing. The fact that it had the effect of vastly increasing the value of the land, were it ever to be rezoned for housing, for example, was, I'm sure entirely unforeseen... @User:Jxm The putting in new pipes is a matter of record and was referred to in the Dáil. Then of course Manor Park bought the place and we got this.

 * I guess my question was related to how/whether we should address this whole Abbeville planning issue in the CJH article. Perhaps it merits a separate article....??   JXM 23:49, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Can anyone check about Haughey in a written biography etc about the Londonderry connection (I have checked on the oireachtas debates and can find nothing; then again nothing much on the Mayo connection either). This Londonderry connection is simply too important in the potential shaping of the man to ignore; an insight to his ego and drive - his highs and lows. Haughey and Northern Ireland were quite controversial (Arms Trial, Taoiseach, Northern Ireland Peace Process); he made controversial speeches on Northern Ireland and if his parents came from Londonderry than this is simply too important to ignore because an anon editor wants to censor the word Londonderry. Many people crossed borders in the partition of Ireland. Djegan 18:15, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

They wouldn't have called it Londonderry. It's well know his father's family was from Swartragh. I'm not sure about his mother exactly. This was a controversial issue because he didn't want to be too associated with the North and his family in the North could have been in danger. My grandmother wouldn't talk about it when I asked her and that was in the 1980's. Seamus Heaney wrote a poem "Whatever you say, say nothing", which is what they say in the North. Heaney has avoided talking about the issue also.

 * What they called it is irrelevent. Djegan 14:11, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Tribunals?
It's incredible that there's nothing here at all about his appearances (and non-appearances) at the various tribunals, and, indeed, his overall corruption. Details on the 'gifts' he received are very scant - Ben Dunne, etc., the Charvet shirts, et al. Bastun 11:09, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Could a separate article be the way forward. The article is currently very long and I am not sure that furture material could easily be integrated? Djegan 20:10, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Is it possible for anyone find a picture of Haughey and add it to the information table?

http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/840000/images/_844907_haughey_150.jpg

Chartered Accountant
To say that Charles J. Haughey qualified as an accountant while at University is inaccurate. In fact, he trained, successfully passed the examinations of and became a member (subsequently a Fellow) of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland. This would have necessitated a training/work study period of 3 years in the firm of an established Chartered Accountant, subsequent to graduation. The relationship of Chartered Accountant and Trainee was then known by the somewhat Dickensian terms of "Principal" and "Articled Clerk."

Similarly, to write that he worked for the firm of Haughey Boland is understating the case. As the name would suggest, he and his partner, Boland, founded and managed the firm within the legal structures of The Partnership Act. In fact, one of the reasons that Charles Haughey has given for his enormous wealth is that he was a successful Chartered Accountant. However, he would have needed to be the most successfull Chartered Accountant in Irish history to have amassed such wealth from his practice.

"Irish mourn colorful ex-PM Haughey"
Why on earth do media in the UK and USA refer to our Taoiseach's as Prime Ministers? It may be seen as a small thing, I know, but it really annoys me. Why can't they give them their proper mode of address? Fergananim 12:06, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Because Taoiseach is an Irish word and they're speaking/writing in English? When you're speaking about, say, Angela Merkel, do you call her Chancellor?  Or by her correct title in German: Kanzler? Bastun 12:16, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

doh ! incredible to think people cannot figure out that we're speaking English here.

 * So you talk about Dominique de Villepin being the Premier Ministre de la France, then, rather than being the French Prime Minister; or Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri Romano Prodi instead of Italian Prime Minister? Bastun 13:37, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Execpt of course Taoiseach doen't mean prime minister - it means leader, chief or cheiftain as far as I'm aware. Therefore, refering to an Irish Taoiseach as a prime minister is incorrect (although the modern irish office of cheiftain does its true corresponed to that of prime minister)!;) Paddy

 * The difference is that Taoiseach is now an accepted word in English and used by among others the President of the United States, the Prince of Wales, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and many others. Kanzler and Premier Ministre de la France in contrast have never moved from the native language to English. If taoiseach was only a word used in Irish then the argument would have some validity. But as it is one of those crossover words (like craic, Dáil, Seanad, Éire) that is now used in both Irish and English the argument falls flat. BTW when the office was first created the Irish media all called the office-holder "prime minister". It was only in the 1940s that "taoiseach" caught on, in contrast to "uachtarain" which never did in English and is still ghettoised in Irish. FearÉIREANN [[Image:Map of Ireland's capitals.png|15px]]\(caint)|undefined 22:16, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The U.S. President, Prince of Wales, et al, will of course use the term 'Taoiseach' because a) it is the correct term; and b) they have protocol people whose job it is to inform them of the correct title. By contrast, the media will use the term most understandable to their audience.  Correct?  Probably not.  A slur or insult?  Nope.  Certainly not intentionally, anyway. Bastun 09:37, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Makes perfect sense to me - the media outside Ireland aren't assuming that their audience know everything. Autarch 17:42, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Also the term Prime Minister or Priomh Aire in Irish was actually a post in the 1918 Dáil that eventually became the Presidency. The title Prime Minister actually refers to a previous post so to refer to the Taoiseach as Prime Minister is like calling the German Chancellor the Fuhrer.

Whilst not attempting to encourage the use of prime minister, particularily that hideous "Irish Prime Minister", none-th-less article 28.5 of the constitiution makes it clear the Taoiseach is the Prime Minister:
 * The head of the Government, or Prime Minister, shall be called, and is in this Constitution referred to as, the Taoiseach.

Djegan 22:55, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Quite right, Descriptively he was the "Prime Minister" but should be described as "Taoiseach", I.e. Prime Minister being the Adjective, Taoiseach being the Noun.

Stabilo boss 12:00, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Whatever else it is, "Prime Minister" is most certainly not an adjective. This discussion has become curiously circular: the term Taoiseach should be used more often in English, because of its existing usage in English? And contains en route some pretty sweeping assumptions: the American media is being xenophobic in not using "Taoiseach", but isn't in not using "Kanzler"? (My impression is the UK and Irish media more often use "the German Chancellor", which surely gets partial credit as opposed to "PM".)

Insofar as this has relevance to this and related articles; one could certainly make the argument that "taoiseach" is indeed much the more common term in Hiberno-English (or more to the point, formal English as used in Ireland), and articles pertaining specifically to Ireland should use that as their metric of "most common term in English", but clarity would really argue in favour of also including the prevalant usage outside of Ireland (if only parenthetically). It's against the spirit of WP usage guidelines to argue that the BBC, Guardian, and NYT will say "prime minister", but such usage must be completely expunged here, on the basis of inaccurate arguments about "incorrectness", or more to the point because it offends people's sensibilities. (I notice that the intro of Taoiseach article avoids introducing the term "Prime Minister" as explanation or synonym, but tangentially mentions "the Tánaiste (the title of the deputy prime minister)", though I'm much more inclined to believe this is usual wikipedia cockup than systematic doublethink.) If this is just generalised complaints about the foibles of assorted media organisations, then sympathies, but don't get me started on "RTEisms". Alai 23:40, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's just general complaints about the media, I think. Noone is suggesting changing the article. Bastun 09:37, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

75 edits in 10 hours
Is that really worth including, and, doesn't that violate NOR? 68.39.174.238 20:50, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

The Arms Trial
The article is totally incorrect with respect to its characterisation of this event. If one recalls a recent RTÉ investigation using released official documents and army files, it is clear that the activity was legally sanctioned and in particular the military records imply Jack Lynch was aware of the activity. On the particular program in question members of the Arms Trial Jury were interview and stated that it was because the action was sanctioned that they acquitted Haughey etc. It is also note worthy that recently the name of one of the military personnel involved was restored by comments given in the dáil. Justin Keating who was involved - if memory serves - in the dáil's investigation into the financial element of the affair indicated when shown the new evidence that indeed he would conclude that the "arms affair" was sanctioned by the minister with appropriate authority.

cf. http://www.politics.ie/wiki/index.php?title=Jim_Gibbons which deals with the history of the minister in charge.

Disputed
The description of the arms crisis is both superficial and wrong.

 * Haughey was not seen as a hawk. He was seen either as in the middle or a dove. (Most people presumed that, given his fierce anti-IRA stance as Minister for Justice.) There was general shock when he was seen associated with Blaney and Boland.

 * The description of who went to trial where is wrong. One of the cases collapsed at a lower court. I haven't the time to do the research but if no-one else does it, when I get a chance I'll correct it.

Overall, this article is rather weak and superficial. It relies far too much on media reports and not enough on more credible book sources. Knowing Wikipedia, it will evolve in time into a good article, but right now it is littered with superficial judgments and presumptions that are more myth than reality. (Saying that Haughey was seen as a hawk in the 1960s is a serious misunderstanding of reality.) I'd suggest readers look as Ryle Dwyer's books on CJH, and of course on Joyce and Murtagh's The Boss. I'll do what I can to help tweak this article. I've rewritten parts and sourced statements, as well as adding in a booklist. FearÉIREANN \(caint)|undefined 00:58, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

This article is way too long and contains too much inappropriate detail
This article will never be taken seriously unless you write it like an article that belongs in an encyclopedia.

All articles must meet notability standards and verifiability standards as well as citing reliable sources.Also, no original research is allowed per WP:OR. Check these policies out as well as WP:CITE and WP:RS meantioned above. Mattisse(talk) 14:20, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

absolutely!! my first step will be to eliminate the long lists of cabinet members, and replace them with links to govmnt listings elsewhere. aside from their minor relevance, duplication is a maintenance nightmare. JXM 22:43, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Recent anonymous edits
Recent edits by a user with the IP address 62.77.178.44 have introduced a lot of POV material into the article, however I'm reluctant to revert them wholesale as they have simultaneously removed a lot of existing POV material! --Ryano 10:16, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Belfast visits
"In April 1990, Haughey became the first Taoiseach since Lemass[citation needed] to visit Belfast, where.." Where is this asserted?

Surely Fitzgerald and Spring were in Belfast many times in the 1980's Did Liam Cosgrave and Garret Fitzgrald not spend time ther in the 1970's at Sunningdale.

As the citation was not provided, the statment was removed.

__________________ Sunningdale is in Britain, but it is inconceiveable that Fitzgerald never visited Belfast. Anybody read his autobiography to check? __________________

"FIRST" to have a mistress??
I'm reverting the removal of {fact} from the 'first mistress' entry. Yes the citation discusses the relationship, as does an earlier paragraph in this entry. But No the citation is quite silent on the matter of CJH being the first taoiseach to have a mistress. JXM 21:14, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The whole issue should be removed as its trivial to the point of pointless. Djegan 21:23, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Trivia is part of life and must be included. Other taoisig may have had non parliamentary alliances, but they are not documented or even alluded to by biographers. Accordingly Haughey can claim a first in this area also. Removal of this "trivia" will be seen as censorship.

Tayana 22:24, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You might read wikipedia is not (in particular "is not an indiscriminate collection of information"). If you think it is censorship then thats your pov and somewhat laughable {their will not be too many critics of censorship loosing sleep over it}. Djegan 22:29, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Most of these facts are non-notable to the point of being trivia. It's notable that Haughey had an affair; it's not particularly interesting or important that he was the first Taoiseach to do so. (Apart from the "first FF leader to enter a coalition", which did mark a major policy shift in FF.) The whole section is covered in a better, more balanced way elsewhere in the article anyway. WP:AVTRIV suggests avoiding trivia sections in articles -- this article currently has two separate trivia sections.

 * Accusations of "censorship" are standard aggressive behaviour from User:Tayana -- see my talk page for more examples. Demiurge 08:32, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Since there seems to be no independent confirmation of the 'first with a mistress' issue, I've deleted that item. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. JXM 00:26, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

As the article proper covers the fact of his extra-marital affair (which is very relevant for a legislator, especially given the times he was active in), then there's no point in repeating it in the trivia section. Bastun 13:47, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup / References
Can we take off the cleanup and Unreferenced tags now? The article has gone through a major re-work of late - Alison✍ 21:26, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me, the unreferenced tag can be readded to individual sections if they need it. Demiurge 21:38, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok - done! I added a refs tag to just one, heavy section. There may be others. - Alison✍ 21:47, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Obituary on RTE website
Can anyone find the obituary on the RTE website

The only copy I can find is the Goggle Cache of it. Garda40 23:05, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

FitzGerald quote in Legacy paragraph
The FitzGerald quote in the Legacy section, the "Flawed Pedigree" remark is totally out of place. He made that remark on Haughey's ascent to power in 1979. Comments on his legacy should only come from after he left power. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.16.53.217 (talk) 05:42, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Octanis (talk) 02:07, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Reading in the article of Haughey's covert activities while in office, as revealed by later tribunals, suggest that Fitzgerald's remark was entirely accurate, whether viewed in the context of before or after Haughey's term.

Ahern's purported Graveside Commentary missing link
The link in the article regarding Ahern's graveside remarks, as of 2008-01-02 are dead. I checked Ahern's website for his "speeches" http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/index.asp?ACTIVEGROUP=16&locID=200&docID=-1 around the date of Haughey's funeral and there is no reference to any graveside oration. Is there an, Orwellian style 1984, rewrite here? 194.46.187.63 (talk) 01:37, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * No it was corect the link was out of date, it has been replaced as wel as the information restored. Cant speak as for why their is no trascript of the speach on the Taoiseach's website, but in the press release from the Taoiseach in regards to the details of State Funeral it list that "...the Taoiseach, Mr Bertie Ahern T.D., will deliver the graveside oration ..."   --Boothy443 |  trácht ar 02:03, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The link to the "graveside oration" yields: "The system cannot find the path specified." Please provide a valid link to the graveside oration. Unless you can do this, the removal of the uncited reference is correct as it is POV. 194.46.187.63 (talk) 02:22, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well the new links do work, i cant speak as for why your computer, or not, will not access them, the citation link that is now in the article is http://www.rte.ie/news/2006/0616/haughey.html the link above, which is not the one i wanted to use but is working, should be http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/index.asp?locID=404&docID=2709, which also works and states that he was to make oration, as it was a press release prior to. Your conspiracy theory is getting old quick. --Boothy443 | trácht ar 19:17, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Is it not notable that of all the speeches of Ahern, major and minor are reported, but reference to Haughey is but a press release and we must rely on the press to report his comments. I don't know about conspiracy theory, but it is axiomatic that future historians will most likely read Ahern's official listed speeches more often than press releases.

Previous poster could not access links because they were dead. It is uncivil to accuse another editor of being disingenuous in editing as you imply when you state; "why your computer, or not, will not access them" I have moved Ahern's oration as reported, to the Legacy section, which is a more natural home for it alongside Fitzgerald's commentary. 194.46.242.86 (talk) 23:09, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Usage of "President" in infobox
Why is there a mention of "President" ? What relevance is it? It seems disingenuous and irrelevant. Also as the President outranks a Taoiseach, it is offensive to cite the President after Haughey. Haughey served under more than one President. The entire reference should be blanked 194.46.166.39 (talk) 00:25, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Carlingford Lough
Does anybody know anything about the time Charlie Haughey sailed his yacht into Carlingford Lough and the altercation between himself and the British when he raised the tricolour? It's proving difficult to find anything in a Google search, but I remember the incident, if not its details. It got huge publicity at the time. I surmise it was sometime before an election, and perhaps during the Hunger Strikes? 86.42.119.12 (talk) 03:04, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Terms as Taoiseach
The article states that Charles Haughey served 3 terms as Taoiseach. Does the term in office from 1987 - 1992 count as 2 separate terms though? Since the Dáil was dissolved and a new government reconstituted, does this not count as 2? — Preceding unsigned comment added by WooTangKillerBee (talk • contribs) 11:49, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

First attempt to become a TD
"He started his political career as a local councillor, first failing in a by-election to Dáil Éireann. Haughey's first attempt at election to the Dáil came in June 1951, when he unsuccessfully contested the general election.[14]"

Which is it? Either he made his first try at a by-election or at a general election; it can't be both. Harfarhs (talk) 17:19, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Since there's been no response, and since neither ElectionsIreland nor his obituaries seem to mention any initial Dáil by-election campaign, I'll revise the passage. That gives the advantage of being able to say something about his time as a councillor. Harfarhs (talk) 19:49, 6 July 2015 (UTC)
 * see Dublin_North–East_(Dáil_Éireann_constituency), Haughey first contested the 1951 general election unsuccessfully, then the 1954 general election again unsuccessfully, then the 1956 by-election again unsuccessfully; he was finally elected to the Dail at the 1957 general election. Snappy (talk) 19:58, 6 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Exactly :) Harfarhs (talk) 20:01, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Links in lede
I think that to obtain consistency with other articles, the lede ought to have links to the ministerial job titles. (I admit that is slightly difficult for Health and Social Welfare/Protection, which are of course now separate posts.) Harfarhs (talk) 21:54, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

Minister for Agriculture - but when?
"In 1962 Lemass appointed Haughey as Minister for Agriculture.[21]" The headline says the dispute occurred in 1962, the text in 1966. Moreover the WP page on this Irish political office states that Haughey took up the post in October 1964; which tallies with the other sources I can find. Therefore I am re-writing this section. Harfarhs (talk) 22:11, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

Terrorism
Why is the reference to Haughey smuggling weapons to the IRA in Ulster not couched in terms of terrorism? Surely providing weapons to a terrorist organization is being a terrorist? These days one can be assassinated by drone for far less.101.98.175.68 (talk) 21:49, 5 July 2014 (UTC)

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Monica McWilliams
I edited the relatives section to add in Monica McWilliams (former NI Assembly MLA) as a first cousin, which you can find on the link below.

https://m.independent.ie/irish-news/appointment-of-human-rights-chief-is-crass-25980712.html

However, this edit was reverted. Just wondering if she should be included in the relatives section or not? Camcool11 (talk) 16:21, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Haughey


text:
Glanerbrug

Glanerbrug [ɣlaːnər'brʏx] is a town in the east of the city of Enschede, Netherlands. It is close to the border with Germany, formed by the stream Glanerbeek, and the city of Gronau, North Rhine-Westphalia. The name Glanerbrug is derived from the bridge (Dutch: brug) over the Glanerbeek stream.

On 7 April 1990 the Glanerbrug meteorite fell through the roof of a house there. Further information:.

Transportation
Railway Station: Glanerbrug

Born in Glanerbrug

 * Floris van Assendelft (born 1985), chess player
 * Erik Dijkstra, (born 1977), journalist and TV presenter
 * Nick Hengelman (born 1989), footballer
 * Hennie Hollink (born 1931), footballer and football manager
 * Rob Groener (born 1945), footballer and football manager
 * Bert Schierbeek (1918–1996), writer
 * Dennis Schouten (born 1995), reporter

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Glanerbrug


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Grijpskerk

Grijpskerk (Gruupskerk or Griepskerk ; Gryptsjerk ) is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Westerkwartier, about 18 km west of the city of Groningen.

Grijpskerk was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Zuidhorn.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1500 as "Ruygwerdt alias Grijpskerke", and probably means church founded by Claus Grijp, the priest of Der Aa-kerk in Groningen. The griffin on the weather vane of the church is probably also related to the Grijp family. Grijpskerk is a dike village which developed after the Ruigewaard was poldered in 1425. The dike later became the main the road from Groningen to Friesland.

The church from around 1500 was destroyed in 1582 by plundering soldiers during the Dutch Revolt. It was rebuilt between 1605 and 1612, and extended in 1856. The Mennonite church originally stood in Pieterzijl and was moved to Grijpskerk in 1892.

Grijpskerk was home to 611 people in 1840. In 1866, a railway station opened on the Leeuwarden to Groningen railway line. The station is still in service, however the building was demolished in 1976.

Grijpswerk used to be an independent municipality until 1990 when it was merged into Zuidhorn. In 2019, it became part of the municipality of Westerkwartier.

Transportation
Railway Station: Grijpskerk

Notable residents

 * Hendrik Drogt (1920-1944), resistance hero of Second World War. As member of the Dutch military police, refused assisting the deportation process. Facing deportation himself, he became key in smuggling several people from the Nazi repression, until his capture and martyrdom.
 * Roelof Kruisinga (born 1922), politician (Christian Historical Union and Christian Democratic Appeal)
 * Dirk Scheringa (born 1950), founder of DSB Bank, chairman of Dutch Eredivisie club AZ Alkmaar and politician (Christian Democratic Appeal)

title: Grijpskerk


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Market Weighton

Market Weighton is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is one of the main towns in the East Yorkshire Wolds and lies midway between Hull and York, about 20 mi from either one. According to the 2011 UK census, Market Weighton parish had a population of 6,429, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 5,212.

History
The 19th-century English lexicographer Sir William Smith proposed Market Weighton as the location of the still-undiscovered Roman camp of Delgovicia. Historically the town was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Wicstun", and was granted its charter to become a market town in 1251; the markets ceased in the nineteenth century. Notable architecture includes: a parish church, parts of which are Norman, the Londesborough Arms (an 18th-century coaching inn), a Wesleyan chapel, a Methodist chapel and a high street still recognisable from the 19th century. Other sights of interest include the post office, the duck pond and Station Farm. Market Weighton history includes William Bradley, the Yorkshire Giant who at the age of 20 was 7 ft tall. In May of each year local residents take to the streets of Market Weighton for the Giant Bradley Day (formerly Giant Community Day) festival in a celebration of the life and times of William Bradley. Industry in the town is largely based on agriculture. The town is known geologically for having given its name to the Market Weighton Axis.

The Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail, a long-distance footpath, passes through the town.

Governance
As a civil parish, Market Weighton has a town council, which operates under the East Riding of Yorkshire Council.

In 2003, after some local consultation, the Weighton Area Regeneration Partnership (WARP) adopted a slogan and logo, 'The Heart of East Yorkshire', intended to indicate both its central location in the county and the strength of the local community. WARP was dissolved in 2012 but the phrase continued in use to promote the area and on local signage.

Landmarks
Market Weighton has three churches. These are All Saints’ Church, St John's Methodist Church and the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. The church dedicated to All Saints was designated a Grade I listed building in 1967 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.

Transport
Market Weighton railway station was at the junction of the lines to Selby, Driffield, York and Beverley. The last train ran in 1965. The abandoned lines to Beverley and to Selby are now used as public paths as the Hudson Way and Bubwith Rail Trail, respectively.

Bus services, provided by East Yorkshire Motor Services, link the town with Beverley, Hull, Pocklington, York, Holme on Spalding Moor, Driffield and Bridlington.

The three-mile £5.1 million A1079 bypass opened in March 1991.

The Minsters Rail Campaign is campaigning to re-open the railway line between Beverley and York (with stops at Stamford Bridge, Pocklington and Market Weighton). The re-opened railway would skirt the edge of the town, as the former alignment has since been built over.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Emley Moor TV transmitter. However, BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire region is also the default BBC One variant given to Market Weighton postcodes on Channel 101 through satellite television such as Freesat.

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Humberside, Greatest Hits Radio East Yorkshire, Viking FM, Nation Radio East Yorkshire, Capital Yorkshire and Vixen 101 is a community based radio station which broadcast to the town.

The town is served by the local newspaper, Hull Daily Mail.

Business
In the 1960s and 1970s Market Weighton had a Rolls-Royce and Bentley dealership owned by Robert B Massey and Company Ltd.

Notable people

 * William Bradley (1787–1820), tallest ever Briton
 * Barbara Foxley (1860–1958), suffragist and professor of education
 * William Umpleby Kirk (1843–1928), photographer
 * Frank Mitchell (1872–1935), cricketer
 * Hilda Lyon (1896–1946), engineer who invented the Lyon Shape

title: Market Weighton


text:
Salm

Salm may refer to

People

 * Constance de Salm (1767–1845), poet and miscellaneous writer; through her second marriage, she became Princess of Salm-Dyck
 * Kat Salm, New Zealand geospatial scientist
 * Salm ibn Ziyad, an Umayyad governor of Khurasan and Sijistan
 * House of Salm, a European formerly ruling family
 * Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz

Geography

 * Salm (state), a historic principality with territories in present Germany, Belgium and France
 * partitions of the state
 * Salm-Horstmar
 * Salm-Kyrburg
 * Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
 * Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach
 * Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
 * Salm-Salm
 * Salm, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 * Salm, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
 * Salm, West Azerbaijan, Iran
 * Salm Island, an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia

Rivers

 * Salm (Moselle), in Germany, tributary to the river Moselle
 * Salm (Amblève), in Belgium, tributary to the river Amblève

Other uses

 * Salm, the IAU-approved proper name of the star Tau Pegasi
 * Salm (Shahnameh), a character in Persian epic Shahnameh

SALM

 * Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag, or South African Air Force
 * The stock ticker symbol of Salem Communications, a U.S. religious radio broadcaster, Internet content provider, and magazine and book publisher

title: Salm


text:
Hemmen

Hemmen is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Overbetuwe, 1 km northwest of Zetten.

Hemmen was a separate municipality until 1955, when it was merged with Valburg.

History
It was first mentioned in 1327 as Hemmen. The etymology is unclear. The church probably dates from the 13th century. It was enlarged in 1741, and the tower has built around 1800. It was extensively restored in 1932 to 1933. Castle Hemmen was built in 1360, and demolished in 1750. In 1757, a manor house was built in its place and was surrounded by a moat. It was destroyed in 1945. In 1840, Hemmen was home to 209 people.

title: Hemmen


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Valburg

Valburg is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Overbetuwe, about 10 km northwest of Nijmegen.

Valburg was a separate municipality until 2001, when it became part of Overbetuwe.

History
It was first mentioned in 792 or 793 as "in uilla Falburcmarca", and means "the castle of Falho (person)". The eastern side of the village developed into an esdorp. The Dutch Reformed Church dates from the 14th century with a 13th century tower. It has been restored between 1968 and 1971. The grist mill Nieuw Leven was built in 1750 and restored in 1996. In 1840, it was home to 688 people.

title: Valburg


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Olst

Olst is a town in the Dutch province of Overijssel, about 8 km north of Deventer. It is located in the municipality of Olst-Wijhe.

History
The village was first mentioned in 947 Holsto. The etymology is unknown. Olst is an esdorp which developed along the IJssel river. In 1308, the dike along the river was built, and Olst became a stopover for the ships from Zwolle to Deventer.

The lower part of the tower of the Dutch Reformed church dates from around 1200. The tower was enlarged in 1336. The church was extensively modified between 1493 and 1494.

In the 15th century, the havezate (manor house) Averbergen was constructed on two yards from the former monastery Essen. The area is similar to the 947 reference, therefore, there might have been earlier predecessors. The manor house was owned by a branch of the van Voorst tot Voorst family. In 1814 it was sold, and later demolished. In 1966, a retirement home was built in its place.

Olst was home to 823 people in 1840. In 1866, a railway station was opened on the Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway. The railway line stimulated the industrialisation of Olst.

The grist mill Bökkers Mölle was built in 1895, however the lower part dates from 1729. The wind mill was in use until 1961, when an electro motor was installed. In 1990, it was sold to Solvay S.A. who operated a factory next to the wind mill. In 1993, it was sold on to a foundation who restored the wind mill in 1996, and it was recommissioned to grind professionally.

Until 2002, Olst was the seat of the municipality of the same name. The municipality was merged with that of Wijhe in 2001, keeping the name of the largest constituent part (Olst), until it was renamed Olst-Wijhe a year later.

Transportation

 * Railway station: Olst

title: Olst


text:
Nijverdal

Nijverdal is a town of approximately 25,000 inhabitants in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is the commercial centre and largest town within the municipality Hellendoorn.

Nijverdal (which means Industrious Valley) was founded in 1836 on the territory of the hamlet Noetsele. It was here that the industrial revolution in the Netherlands took root. Thomas Ainsworth (1795–1841) and Zak Dee Patmore (1799–1838) were two of its founding fathers. Textile production was the focus of industrial activity in Nijverdal, as it was for the rest of the Twente region. Some of the traditional factory buildings in the Art Deco or Jugendstil style still remain.

A river called the Regge runs through the town, and is the historical border between the two regions Twente and Salland, and the border of two Dutch dialects, which are Twents and Sallaands, respectively. Every native inhabitant of Nijverdal used to speak either one or both regional dialects but since the 1970's dialect is in decline. Very few inhabitants younger than 30 use any dialect anymore.

History
Before World War II, Nijverdal had a small Jewish community. The municipal seat of the area, Hellendoorn, had a small synagogue and Jewish cemetery. The synagogue still exists as a storage shed behind one of the houses in the village, and the cemetery is no longer in use. It has about 20 graves, most from the nineteenth century and early 20th century. The municipality maintains the cemetery and protects it from vandalism.

The Jewish community was essentially erased by the Holocaust. Most of its members were murdered in Sobibor or Auschwitz.

On 22 March 1945, Nijverdal was severely bombed by allied bombers who were going after the German Reichskommissar of Austrian origin Arthur Seyss-Inquart. Seyss-Inquart was fleeing the advancing Allied forces and had set up his temporary headquarters in the Reformed School in Nijverdal, but had already left town at the time of the bombing. Over 73 people were killed, mainly at the Grotestraat.

In 1955, part of the municipality of Wierden was annexed (Eversberg, Konijnenbelt, Slettenhaar and Lochter) which is the only part of the municipality located on originally Twente soil. In the late 70's the quarter of 'Groot Lochter' arose here.

Transportation

 * Railway station: Nijverdal

Since 31 March 2013, Nijverdal has a new railway station, due to major improvements to the railway connection between Zwolle and Enschede. This new station is part of the building of the Salland-Twente tunnel, a new 'combination'-tunnel connection which leads the traffic of the N35 and the trains underneath Nijverdal. Before this new station was established the railway connection stopped at the old train station and continued at a temporary station Nijverdal West. During this time one pedestrian/bike bridge and one small tunnel connected the north side to the south side of the town.

Sports
Nijverdal has a Water polo club, named Het Ravijn, of which both men and women teams play in the Dutch Premier League. Some women in the women's team play for the Dutch team, which won gold at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

There is a large number of sports clubs in Nijverdal:
 * Swimming/Water polo - Swimming and Water Polo Club Het Ravijn, of which both men and women teams play in the Dutch Water Polo Premier League, one of the world's largest Water polo competitions.
 * Athletics - AV Atletics
 *  Badminton - B.C. Reflex Nijverdal
 *  Basketball - The Valley Bucketeers
 *  Bridge - Bridgeclub Reggedal
 *  Darts - Eversberg Darts
 *  Hockey - Hockeyclub Hellendoorn/Nijverdal H.C.H.N.
 *  Gymnastics - Gymnastics Club Fysion Nijverdal
 *  Korfball - NKC'51
 *  Shooting sports - L.S.V.N Nijverdal (air guns)
 *  Shooting sports - S.V. Willem Tell (firearms)
 *  (Table)tennis - Tennis Club Nijverdal - Table tennis Club Match Point `68
 *  Soccer - VV DES; S.V. ENC '09; Hulzense Boys; RKSV De Zweef; S.V.V.N.
 *  Volleyball - Volleyball Club Flash Nijverdal; Volleyball Club V.E.C.
 *  Bicycle racing - Cycling Club CC'75; Cyclo-cross Club De Lochsprinters

title: Nijverdal


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Usquert

Usquert is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of around 1,415 in January 2017.

History
Usquert was a separate municipality until 1990, when it became part of Hefshuizen. After that, the name of the municipality was changed to Eemsmond in 1992.

title: Usquert


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Tegelen

Tegelen (Tegele) is a village in the municipality of Venlo, situated in the Netherlands. It was an independent municipality until 2001, when it was merged into the municipality of Venlo.

Tiglian
The name of the glacial stage of Tiglian (part of the Pleistocene) is derived from Tegelen because of the many fossils found there from this era in the local clay.

History

During excavations in Tegelen Roman pottery and tile ovens were found. The Sint-Martinus church is mentioned in diocesan and monasterial archives dating back to the year 800. Because of its strategic location, various castles and reinforced farms were soon established. The most important of these were the and the. During the Middle Ages, there were several battles in and around Tegelen, because of its proximity to the walled city of Venlo. Over time, a barracks was established in Venlo, and a fortification in neighbouring Blerick. As a result, from the 16th century until the 18th century Tegelen was regularly visited by plundering armies.

Part of Jülich
For centuries Tegelen was part of the Duchy of Jülich, while neighbouring Venlo belonged to the Duchy of Guelders. So literally, according to the people of Tegelen Venlo was "abroad" and vice versa. This explains the differences between the local dialects of the neighbouring towns and the rivalry between these parts of the city that persists to this day. The black, uncrowned lion on a golden ground, in the coat of arms and the flag of Tegelen can be found in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Jülich.

For Jülich it was very important to have access to the Meuse river. Tegelen, with its harbour at Steyl, was the most northern one, the other one being Urmond near Sittard. In Napoleonic times, the former duchy of Jülich became part of the Roer department. Tegelen, Sittard and Urmond were ceded to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, resulting in the Netherlands finally obtaining complete control of the river from Maastricht northward.

Industrial activities
Early in the 19th century Tegelen developed into a regional centre of industry. At first, tile and pottery factories were established, and later that century, metallurgy and tobacco factories. After 1900 agriculture was added to the mix. Pottery and related industries were very successful in Tegelen from 1750 until World War II.

Economic and social life before that war was dominated by a small number of factory-owning families that would scratch each other's backs. One infamous episode illustrating the way they treated their work force and how they controlled their lives occurred during World War I. The producers of clay products claimed that the embargo on Germany brought them to the brink of bankruptcy, and the only way they could survive was to drastically reduce wages. The work force went on strike but soon the strike fund was depleted. The local clergy helped negotiate a settlement allowing labourers to return to work for a salary that barely exceeded subsistence levels. It later transpired that there had never been any risk of any of the producers going bankrupt, and that this drastic reduction in labour cost had allowed them to make exorbitant profits. This is still evident from the gigantic villas in which these families lived and of which a number are still standing.

After the war, the number of factories in Tegelen steadily decreased. All smelters, including Globe, known throughout the Netherlands for providing drainage covers, disappeared. There are still three operating factories producing clay products, all except Keramische Industrie Limburg, are now in foreign ownership. One chimney, previously owned by a stone cutter named Canoy Herfkens, is still standing as a reminder of Tegelen's industrial heyday.

In 2001 Tegelen was merged into the municipality of Venlo.

Culture
The centuries-old expertise in ceramics and pottery is kept alive by courses held in the ceramic center of the tithe barn.

Tegelen has several theater, music and choral organisations. It is internationally famous for its Passion Play held every five years in the years that are divisible by 5, in Openluchttheater De Doolhof. These always attract many visitors. The same open air theater hosts Tegelen's Bluesrock Festival every year.

Characters
Tegelen has had its fair share of colourful characters. By far the most famous of these is "Baron", a Prussian aristocrat who inherited the castle of Holtmuhle in the 18th century. He loved the army life so much that he owned a privately financed army corps that fought in the Seven Years' War.

More locally famous, before the Second World War, were the pub owners "Joës en Petatte Nelke", Gustaaf Schreurs and Petronella Muller, who had a song written about them and a statue erected for them in the market square.

En as weej wir nao Tegele gáon,

dèn gáon weej nao Petatte-Nelke.

Dao drinke weej ’n sjöpke beer,

en hebbe weej ouch vuël plezeer!

En Joes, dae haet zô’n lollig vrouwke,

die duit t’r sôkker in, die duit t’r sôkker in.

Al in det beer, al in det beer,

die duit t’r sôkker al in det beer!

Translation:

When we to Tegele return,

We'll go and see Potato Nelke

Where we'll knock back a pint of beer

and have some good old fashioned cheer!

And Joës's lady is a joker,

She puts some sugar in, she puts some sugar in

Our pint of beer, our pint of beer,

She puts some sugar in our beer!

Former mayors

 * 1798-1806 G.J. Antoon Thijssen (function formerly known as Agent and after that, Maire)
 * 1807 Balthasar Hasenbach
 * 1807-1808 Willem Houba (Maire provisoire)
 * 1808-1815 Jean Guillaume Kamp (Maire)
 * 1815-1817 No mayor; Prussian
 * 1817-1830 Jean Guillaume Kamp (function formerly known as Maire and after that, Schout)
 * 1831-1836 Jan Josef Ronck (function is called Mayor from now on)
 * 1836-1848 Peter van Leipsig
 * 1848 Peter Kurstjens (acting Mayor)
 * 1848-1852 Gerardus Johannes de Rijc
 * 1852-1862 Louis Pierre Quillaume Hubert de Rijk
 * 1862 Jan van Leipsig (acting Mayor)
 * 1862-1868 Jacob Beelen
 * 1888-1906 Karel de Rijk
 * 1906-1921 W.R. Carel van Basten Batenburg
 * 1921-1927 Martin Willem J. Coenders
 * 1927-1944 Mr. Felix Marie Casper Pesch
 * 1944-1945 Ortsgruppenführer Potthof
 * 1945-1960 Mr. Felix Marie Casper Pesch
 * 1961-1979 Mr. Eugène G.G.M. Rutten
 * 1979-1981 Niek Goossens (Deputy Mayor)
 * 1981-2000 Drs. Piet J.M. Visschers, final mayor

Born in Tegelen

 * Carla Beurskens (*1952), athlete
 * Ronald Goedemondt, comedian
 * André van den Heuvel, actor
 * Chantal Janzen (*1979), musical star and actress
 * Nick Muller (*1991), vlaai manager
 * Ted Noten (*1956), jewellery designer and conceptual artist
 * Huub Stapel, actor
 * Theo Thurlings, politician
 * Ben Verbong, film director
 * Sjors Verdellen, football player
 * Max Warmerdam (born 2000), chess player
 * Max Warmerdam (born 2000), chess player

title: Tegelen


text:
Talk:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley

Stewart or Stuart
Surely the name should be 'Stewart', as in The Complete Peerage and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography? As stated below, 'Stuart' is the French version so it would apply to Mary and was adopted by their descendants... but Darnley was a Stewart, no? Roryharrow (talk) 21:58, 18 December 2018 (UTC)
 * The citations in the article seem to prefer Stuart. Celia Homeford (talk) 10:49, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Some do, some don't. This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuart argues for Stuart, so happy to go along with that. But I might try to find out why DNB goes for Stewart. Roryharrow (talk) 14:38, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
What is "technically incorrect" about the spelling Stuart? I have read somewhere that few members of the Stuart family used that spelling prior to the Jacobian period, but the spelling Stuart is used elsewhere in Wikipedia for all sorts of people before then (e.g. see Earl of Moray). --Saforrest 13:04, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe "Stewart" would actually be correct for Lord Darnley. This is the historical Scottish spelling, and it was Mary who changed it when she married the King of France, as French has no "w".

 * How exactly was Darnley second-in-line to the throne after Mary? I don't feel qualified to edit articles myself, but it might be worth mentioning in the article that Darnley was a Stewart due to his descent from the pre-royal Alexander, 4th High Steward of Scotland (it was the 7th High Steward who inherited the throne as Robert II), but that's some 10 generations back (www.thepeerage.com has good info on that).  He was also close to Mary in line for the English throne due to their common grandmother Margaret Tudor.  But Darnley's grandfather was Margaret's second husband, not James IV.  I've been trying to find out who really was the next Stewart heir after Mary; it would have to be through a female line, I think, and I don't know that it isn't Darnley (if so, that would be the third blood connection between him and Mary), but Google-driven Internet searches have not turned up the answer.  Anyway, I am interested to know if the author of this article has further detail on that statement.  --BlueMoonlet 22:13, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, what the heck. I put in a bit about the origin of Darnley's surname.  --BlueMoonlet 03:06, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * They mean third in line to the English throne! Mary was James V's only legitimate child, and James V was James IV's only legitimate child. James V was Margaret's first-born, and thus Mary was first in line to the English throne. In line to the Scottish throne (after the future James VI) was the Earl of Arran. Darnley's mother was Margaret Tudor's daughter (also only child) from her second marriage. Hence Darnley's mother was actually second in line to the English throne (she was alive when Darnley died). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.1.70.193 (talk • contribs) 20:13, 24 Mar 2006

Henry Darnley, Duke of Albany
Darnley was not the first Duke of Albany, but the sixth in a creation dating back to 1398, when the title was bestowed upon Robert Stewart, earl of Fife, the brother of Robert III. The second duke was Robert's son Murdoch, who lost the title, along with his life, in 1425. James III's brother, Alexander, received the title in 1458 which passed on his death to his son, John. The title was created once more in 1541 for Prince Arthur, one of the sons of James V, who died in infancy. All of this information can be found elsewhere in Wikipedia, so there is really no excuse for this error. Rcpaterson 23:54, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You don't understand how peerage numbering works. The numbering starts again when a new creation is made. Proteus (Talk) 08:24, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

I appreciate that; but it is still misleading, especially for those unfamiliar with the whole process. Describing Darnley as the first duke of Albany would create confusion when earlier dukes with the same title are discovered. First duke of the fourth creation is technically correct but clumsy; so best just leave it as duke of Albany. Rcpaterson 20:53, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I fail to see how it's misleading. He's hardly the only person in history to have held a title previously held by someone else, and the way it is done here (and everywhere else in Wikipedia) merely reflects universal practice in the description of peerages. Proteus (Talk) 21:02, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

I really can not make this any simpler: there were dukes of Albany BEFORE Darnley. To describe him as the first duke is wrong, just as it would be to describe Prince Charles as first duke of Cornwall. But I really have no desire to waste any more time over this. My changes were intended to clarify the position for the uninitiated. You've reverted back-fine. I've made my point-let it stand. Rcpaterson 22:14, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are correct there were Dukes of Albany before Darnley, and if you look here, you will see that there have been two Dukes of Albany after Darnley; the son and grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, respectively. The peerage system of the United Kingdom works as such, for each creation, holders of the title are number sequentially. If a title ever goes extinct or merges back into the crown, it is eligible for re-creation. If such a re-creation happens, the new holder of the title starts with the 1st Duke/Earl whatever. If you want some more information on this, check out Peerage. Hope this helps. [[image:smiley.png|20px]] Prsgodd e ss187 22:32, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

The peerage numbering is a later innovation which was not in use in Middle Ages. To put such to medieval persons is anachronistic. Only a very unralistical and formal person would go to such-century-dukes to change all that into "perfect system", i.e numbered. That is actually not pedantry, as pedantic persons make things extremely correct, whereas such numbering for medievals is NOT contemporaneously correct. If those numberings are put into the article, there should be an explanation that it is a later numbering, and those in their own age did not use it. Waimea 21:38, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree with the complaints against "1st". It's a later invention, and misleads about the nature of peerage in medieval Scotland. Once the Duchy of Albany was brought into existence at the end of the 14th century, it always existed, used or not, and was not a new creation. The system is English in any case, and as applied to Scotland is grossly cumbersome. Numbering any of the pre-13th century earls like this is stupid, since we do not know the names of many earls before David I. Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 19:43, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Should that be, the "dukedom" of Albany,  or the "duchy" of Albany ?  I think duchy is incorrect.Eregli bob (talk) 12:38, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * What an odd argument. Darnley was, rather obviously, not a pre-13th century Earl. And it's both universal practice and Wikipedia policy to number peers, Scottish or otherwise. Proteus (Talk) 21:08, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * No, Darnley was not, but the argument has implications. I mean, I don't mind it when there is a living "peer" calling himself 22nd or something Earl of X, etc, and the numbers can be traced back confidently. However, it certainly is not universal practice to do this to historical "peers", as it's only in use for "peers" from the British Isles; moreover, it is just as if not more common to omit the ordinal. Absolutely no point called Darnley "1st Duke of Albany", as no other by that name every held the Duchy and to most people Robert Stewart was the "1st Duke of Albany". Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 21:39, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * As I say, it's our policy to use numerals for all hereditary peers. If you don't like that policy, go here and suggest it's changed. Simply ignoring it because you don't like it is not on. Proteus (Talk) 22:18, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey, sorry, that isn't how wiki works. These would be guidelines, not law. Anyways, that page only concerns later peers and is not relevant to this. BTW, I'm sure you are aware of Administrators; you'll see the guide to what the purpose of the roll-back function is, i.e. not to help you in revert wars.Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 22:36, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * That page quite clearly refers to all peers and says as much. Wiki relies on forming general policy specifically to stop everyone doing things differently. Other than you personal opinion I don't see anything above that amounts to a good reson to break with the way we treat every other peer from England/Ireland/Britain or Scotland. If we altered every article to reflect the minor changes and usage of styles and titles of peers the whole system would turn into farce. You could argue that earl in the C14 should have 'the right mighty Prince' in their styles where those of c16 should be alered to 'most Noble and Potent Lord' and those of the C18 onwards just 'Rt Hon'. Alci12 23:48, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I would say 16th century for Scotland. Anyways, that page does not refer clearly to "all hereditary peers". If it's so clear, would you mind pointing out where and what? Yeah, I agree Henry isn't a great magnate like the Lord of the Isles, the 14C and 15C Dukes of Albany and Earls of Douglas, but nevertheless there is absolutely no point called Darnley "1st Duke of Albany", as no other by that name every held the Duchy and to most people Robert Stewart was the "1st Duke of Albany". Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 00:06, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * "This WikiProject primarily aims to standardise pages about peerages and baronetcies in the United Kingdom and Ireland (including the former states of England, Scotland, and Great Britain), and their holders." Most people have never heard of Darnley outside Scotland or GB. You might as well argue that as James I was never called James I in his life we shouldn't add that to his page. It's all about standard forms and trying to be consistent. Breaking something that applies over so many articles on whim just isn't a good enough reason. Alci12 14:26, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I see guidelines on that page for "peers" of a later era, but you are mistaken to say that these cover this era. As I previoulsy said, there is absolutely no point calling Darnley "1st Duke of Albany", as no other by that name every held the Duchy and to most people Robert Stewart was the "1st Duke of Albany". And Proteus, if you keep using roll-back I'm going to report you. Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 21:23, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Report me for what? I suggest in future you actually read the relevant policy before threatening people. (In this case: If you use the rollback feature for anything other than vandalism or for reverting yourself, be sure to leave an explanation on the article talk page, or on the talk page of the user whose edit(s) you reverted.) And I suppose there's an easy way to tell if Alci's "mistaken" as to what the policy means — we could ask the person who wrote it. Oh. Proteus (Talk) 21:38, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You haven't been leaving messages on talk pages. You're not even engaging in debate, just citing a Project page which you yourself wrote which you're trying to make me believe is somehow enforcable as policy. Not on. Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 21:41, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Nothing on that page says peers of a later era only. It obviously includes all peers or it woulnd't break down the peerage by type but would just break them down by whatever arbitrary date you seem to have in mind. Your personal preference is not a good reason to ignore a format used on thousands of articles both for peers and monarchs. Few people have heard of D outside GB (either you are assuming this article is for the sole use/understanding of GB users or you believe the world as a whole knows D.) With regard to any peer almost no one can tell you which duke/earl (holder #) of almost any title (including the most famous) yet we carefully record such things because we try to be accurate. Alci12 01:42, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I will keep to the point. As I previoulsy said, there is absolutely no point calling Darnley "1st Duke of Albany", as no other by that name every held the Duchy and to most people Robert Stewart was the "1st Duke of Albany". Accuracy you say? Doesn't look like it. Please stop going on about that page too, it is not "policy", and provides non-authoritive guidelines only for later "peers". Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 02:01, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Standarisation is wonderful and all, but only when it applies. It would be an anachronism to apply modern peerage rules to this person from the late middle ages. The Lord Darnley was indeed Duke of Albany, but he was not the first of such. I understand your peerage numbering, so don't bother trying to explain it again. However, it simply doesn't apply here. Darnley never used the title, not one ever referred to him as such (outside of documents designed for reading by those particularly interested in peerage). As pointed out by Rcpaterson, first duke of the fourth creation is technically correct, but quite clumsy. I'll refute your claim that few people have heard about Lord Darnley outside of the British Isles. The story of the Queen of Scots is one of the most popular for those interested in Scottish history over here (in the US), as well as elsewhere. It's even been made into several books, and stories, all of which refer to this man as Lord Darnley. So if you must use Duke of Albany, just use Duke of Albany.

On a related note, I'd advise all of you folks over at WP Peerage to re-examine yourselves. You're not special, you're simply a group of WP editors, like the rest of us. There's no such thing as Law on Wikipedia, and even Offical Policies are only guidelines. This is a Wiki. That means anything goes. Canæn 23:46, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Expanding and references
The article is missing some key points, not least the fact that Darnley requested the "Crown Matrimonial" before his murder, and that he found support among the great and the good who signed a bond promising him their support in return for his protection of the reformed religion. Whatever the reality of the matter, Darnley was seen as a defender of the protestants, unlike his wife, who had Italian priests creeping into her bedchamber. And perhaps the references could be improved by the removal of Weir and the addition of some reliable sources. I suppose, under the circumstances, we should be grateful that there are any references mentioned. Angus McLellan (Talk) 13:44, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

In addition, neither Rizzio nor Morton are introduced before suddenly appearing in the article. Background for these individuals should be provided. User:PalusSomni (Talk) 17:48, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Birthplace
I'm really not sure that Temple Newsam could be considered part of the Yorkshire dales. Today, the site is situated well within the city of Leeds' urban boundaries (to the east of the city centre). I understand the geographical location known as the 'Yorkshire Dales' is not well defined, and I understand that Leeds' boundaries would not have encompassed the site in Darnley's day, but this area would at no point in history have been considered part of the 'Yorkshire Dales'.

Iure uxoris
The first note: "Iure uxoris" or "Jure uxoris" is Latin expression means "by right of so's wife". This expression is used without a preposition, so the preposition "de" is not needed in front of it. In some occasion bare Ablative can take place, so the category "De jure uxoris kings" is a wrong form! The second note: "Iure uxoris king" is the synonyme of the king consort, so Henry Stuart, who was King of Scotland by right of his wife, is the most suitable member of this category as the first husband of Mary the Queen of Scots, Francis II King of France.Borgatya (talk) 17:30, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Feel free to correct the categories and create a new one. (Category:Iure uxoris kings?) If you need help with replacing de jure uxoris with iure uxoris in articles, I'll help. I disagree, however, that iure uxoris king is the synonyme of the king consort. The former is a monarch who reigns during his spouse's lifetime and has a monarchical odrinal. The latter is an equivalent of queen consort and therefore king consort is not a monarch, but merely the queen's consort who holds the title of king and has no monarchical ordinal. The subject of this article is not known as Henry of Scotland. he is known by his premarital name and title, which implies that he was a king consort. Surtsicna (talk) 17:53, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

You say that you know Latin so you must know perfectly that the English word consort comes from Latin word consors gen.: consortis which means spouse, uxor gen.: uxoris means wife, so rex consors and rex iure uxoris is the same. And you confuse de iure with iure uxoris. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Borgatya (talk • contribs) 18:07, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I know the basics of Latin (1 on the scale 1 to 5, as I claim on my user page). It means the same, but it's not used in the same context. In English language, king consort is used to describe a queen's husband who doesn't reign alongside his wife. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley is one example. A man described as iure uxoris king reigns with his wife and he is considered to be co-monarch. Sigismund of Luxembourg is one example. Surtsicna (talk) 18:21, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

I do not agree with you because e.g. Ferdinand II is considered as King of Portugal with receiving a numbering (second) but he was only king consort (rei consorte), a king iure uxoris which means he is a king until his wife's death, his wife's lifetime, see Ferdinand V of Aragon in Castile, or his father John II of Aragon, who usurped the Navarrese thron after his wife Blanche, or Martin the Young of Sicily was reelected as king of Sicily after his wife's death or Sigismund in Hungary and Jogaila in Poland, too etc.Borgatya (talk) 20:48, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I do not understand. All your examples confirm what I said above. Ferdinand II was king during his wife's lifetime and Ferdinand V was king of Castile during his wife's lifetime - therefore they were iure uxoris king. They obviously ceased to be kings upon their first wife's death, since their second wives didn't get the title of queen. As for John II of Navarre, he is considered an usurper from Blanche I's death until his own death. Martin and the others were iure uxoris kings during their wife's lifetime and elected kings from their wife's death until their death. These men are considered monarchs, while Henry is always put among the royal consorts. Surtsicna (talk) 10:49, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Introduction
This paragraph reads as though it were copied & pasted from elsewhere in the article. It might be a good idea for someone so inclined to clean it up so it doesn't read as though prefacing information has been removed. "As Queen Elizabeth I of England resented the fact that one of her (former) subjects had been promoted in this manner and refused to recognize his Scots titles, many of the contemporary narratives describing his life and death (those written by English agents) refer to him as Lord Darnley, his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox, and it is by this appellation that he is now generally known.[1]"Jedikaiti (talk) 23:10, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

NPOV tag
The Conspircy Theories section is seriously biased: a forthright assertion that Mary had no link whatsoever to Darnley's murder, rather than an impartial assesment of the evidence or an objective summary of other, widely-held viewpoints. It really needs a NPOV tag until this can be addressed. Gregory dj (talk) 21:34, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

William Cobbett in his "Protestant Reformation" states that it was followers of John Knox that were responsible for the explosion and subsequent murder of Henry Stuart. He takes as his source material Whitaker's "Mary, Queen of Scots Vindicated" edition 1787. He uses it (along with other Protestant atrocities of a similar nature) to set the "Gunpowder Plot" into context. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.133.78 (talk) 00:31, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

Revising
Hello. I will be editing this page for a project for my college class. If you have any concerns, please contact the editor redcknight. Thank you very much. -Shansen56 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shansen56 (talk • contribs) 00:10, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Lord Darnley an English title?
The Lordship of Darnley is a Scottish title, why is it listed as English? 71.194.44.209 (talk) 22:12, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Does anybody watch this page?
On the 16th March a new editor came along and added a great deal of material, with some references and then went off into the sunset.

They left behind this statement:
 * Darnley's father had been declared guilty of treason for his part in the ‘rough wooing’, and his Scottish estates were forfeited in 1545.[2]

Now admittedly, it's referenced. But no casual reader on this planet could possibly know what the "rough wooing" was, unless they already knew quite a lot about English/Scottish relations of the 16th century. Can someone with an interest in this article go through it and fix it for possibly obscurities?

Amandajm (talk) 12:45, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes, I noticed, the text, mostly in the section "Lennox Crisis" is a summary of this article, Macauley, Sarah. 'The Lennox Crisis', 1558-1563.', Northern History 41.2 (2004). I can't tell if this text a good summary of that article, or if that article is useful from this summary.Unoquha (talk) 23:20, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The editor was talking about The Rough Wooing, of course. I happened upon this article today and could barely make heads or tails of the Lennox Crisis section. I'm working on it, but Wikipedia hasn't been a priority of mine for a while and it may take me a couple of days. Be patient, all - I'll get it. :-)  K rakatoa    K atie   21:47, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I did my best with the Lennox Crisis section, then I moved on to the marriage section, which was awful. As an admin, I'm ashamed that we had contradictory and redundant information in that section for I-don't-want-to-look-at-the-history-to-see how long. One referenced section said the marriage was on Monday 9 July, while another referenced section said it was on 29 July. Since 29 July is the most common date, and since 9 July 1565 wasn't a Monday (it was a Friday), I went with 29 July and condensed the remaining redundant text into one graph. I hate to remove referenced content - it's like drawing sandpaper down a chalkboard to me - but I can't access the reference and the material is a big outlier. Of course, if someone can do better or has corrections, be bold. I think I'll go down the rest of the article and repair as necessary, after I have a stiff drink to brace myself for more embarrassment. ;-)  K rakatoa    K atie   23:18, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

He was a King of Scotland for a short while, can we not find an image of his coat of arms, or at least the matrimonial coat of arms of he and his wife, Mary Queen of Scots? - Glenstuart

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Spelling Error
The first sentence in the second paragraph says that Mary "acceded" the thrown but it should be "ascended" the throne. Wallabyjoe (talk) 04:38, 21 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Speaking of spelling errors, it's "throne", not "thrown". --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  06:06, 21 June 2017 (UTC)

 * "Acceded" and "ascended" are both accurate; "succeeded" would be as well. J S Ayer (talk) 19:13, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Possible bias?
This sentence, "Mary's private secretary, David Rizzio, was stabbed 56 times on 9 March 1566 by Darnley and his confederates, Protestant Scottish nobles, in the presence of the queen, who was six months pregnant," seems to my rather ignorant gaze, to rate something more than a secondary paragraph under a section heading of, "Estrangement". 60.241.23.96 (talk) 12:47, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

Coat of Arms
A coat of arms is captioned as Darnley's before his marriage. The file describes it as the coat of arms of his father, Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Since Dad outlived young Henry, and two men cannot use the same arms at the same time, this cannot have also been Darnley's coat of arms. This coat of arms does not appear in the article on the 4th earl, and the blazon contains a small discrepancy: it says the saltire in the inescutcheon is engrailed, while the illustration shows it straight-edged. I hope someone with detailed knowledge of Scottish heraldry will mend this. J S Ayer (talk) 02:54, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley


text:
Farnley, Leeds

Farnley is a district in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, 2 mi west of Leeds city centre, between Wortley, Bramley and the countryside around Pudsey and Gildersome, in the LS12 Leeds postcode area. It is part of the Leeds City Ward Farnley and Wortley with a population of 24,213 according to the 2011 Census. New Farnley is a nearby commuter village.

Etymology
The name of Farnley was first attested in the 1086 Domesday Book as Fernelei. The name comes from the Old English words fearn ('fern') and lēah ('open land in woodland'), and thus meant 'clearing characterised by ferns'.

Farnley

Farnley village (also known as Old Farnley) started as a small agricultural village dating back to early medieval times. When first recorded in the Domesday Book, it was in the Hundred of Morley and was part of the King’s land, with Ilbert de Lacy being the tenant-in-chief. The original Farnley village started around Cross Lane which serviced Farnley Hall (on Hall Lane) and the Farnley Manor House (at the junction of Hall Lane to Chapel Lane). The Manor and Estates of Farnley were held in 1086 by Swain Fitz Alric and then a number of his descendants until it passed by marriage to Sir James Danby in 1497. The Danbys held it for about 300 years before it was bought by James Armitage. Farnley was surrounded by the villages of Bawn, Upper Moor Side and Low Moor Side. Farnley was heavily wooded until the 19th century, and Farnley Wood was the meeting point for a would-be rebellion against Charles II in 1663 which was known as the Farnley Wood Plot (believed to have taken place in Sykes wood, at the bottom of Green Lane). Although the rebellion failed from lack of support, the betrayal led to 26 participants being condemned to death, with 16 hanged, drawn and quartered in York.

The people of Farnley worked in the mills surrounding the area including the Butterbowl Mill and the three mills situated in the area around Post Hill (including Union Bridge Mill and the Woolen Mills of Farnley and Upper Mill).

New Farnley did not exist as a village until the early part of the 19th century when Edward Armitage started the Farnley Iron Works and Farnley Fireclay. He needed many workers so built houses for them, so what had been known as part of Farnley now became New Farnley. With the increasing urban expansion connected with the industrial revolution of the 19th century, Low Moor Side emerged into New Farnley and the Bawn into Farnley. The close proximity of these two settlements led to the whole area being referred to as New Farnley, while the area around Hall Lane and Cross Lane (the original Farnley Village) was popularly called Old Farnley. At the lower area of Old Farnley sits St Wilfrid's Church. St Michael's church is in Farnley park near the stately home of Farnley Hall.

Shops in the original village of Farnley now include a hair salon, a newsagent, and a mini-mart. Farnley has a lower set of shops (in what was originally Bawn village) consisting of a pizza takeaway, a newsagent, a mini-mart, a butcher and Cow Close Community Corner. The area of Farnley is served by several schools, in particular Cobden Primary School, Lawns Park Primary School and The Farnley Academy.

Old Farnley is the western terminus for First Leeds Bus Routes 15 and 42. It is likely that past bus operators in Leeds coined the name Old Farnley to avoid confusion with Farsley, another nearby area of Leeds.

In 1904, Farnley Civil Parish was abolished to create the Armley and Bramley Civil Parish. The Farnley civil parish had included slightly more than the area between the ring road, Wood Lane, Back Lane, Tong Road and Park Spring; in particular it included New Farnley. The population of the civil parish was 4,351 in 1901 and 4,208 in 1911.

New Farnley
New Farnley is a commuter village in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, 3+1/2 mi west of Leeds city centre, on the A58 Leeds-Halifax main road. New Farnley lies about 1 mi south west of Farnley and was part of the Farnley Civil Parish.

It grew around two historic settlements, Upper Moor Side and the modern centre of New Farnley Village, both of which had nucleated settlements recognisable in early estate maps. There are still buildings dating from the late 17th and early 18th-century standing in both locations. It was part of the ancient manor of Farnley, ownership of which was split and held by families including the Harringtons, Nevilles, Brudenells, Danbys and finally, the Armitages.

The discovery of a 3rd-century coin may point to Roman activity in the area. A field of Harper Farm has the name 'Castle Hill', leading to a local tradition (which appears to have originated with an estate manager of Farnley Hall) that it was the site of a Roman marching camp. The field name first appears in early modern estate maps. There are also Saxon field names in the village and remains of medieval ridge and furrow. Other evidence of medieval activity may be the place-name Snittels Farm, a possible corruption of "spital", indicating the location of a medieval (leper?) hospital. However, there is no archaeological or documentary evidence to support this.

There was industrial development of the significant natural resources in the area from the early modern period (if not earlier). This industry led to the rapid expansion of settlement with the construction of workers housing in the 19th century. Despite this industrial activity a number of farms are still working in the area.

As the population increased, St James's church and the Lancasterian School were built, both of which originally served as chapels of ease. There was also a Methodist chapel. Alms houses were built in the 19th century along with a village school. Local amenities included a recreation ground. There were a number of shops including The Village Chippy and Cooperative with grocers, butchers and drapers.

New Farnley now has a village co-op which includes a post office, Craven's Fish and Chip shop which is over 120 years old and said to be haunted, also a pub, a barber shop, a beauty salon, Cobden Primary and Lawns Park Primary Schools, The Farnley Academy, and two churches. The centrally-located community centre is owned by the residents of the community and run on a voluntary basis. It is a hub for the activities of the village, is home to a local Mums and Tots group, and hosts several community nights over the year, e.g. at Halloween or Christmas.

Sport
Farnley is represented in Rugby league via the Farnley Falcons amateur club. The Falcons currently play in Pennine League Division 5, and also run a reserve side, playing in Pennine League Division 7. They also compete in the Yorkshire Cup and various regional cup competitions. They're based at the Farnley Sports & Social Club (locally known as 'The Nest'), and play their home games on the pitches close by. Other sports played out of Farnley Sports and Social are Farnley Sports Fc who play on Saturdays - they are league 2 division champions and were promoted from division 1 to championship which they won undefeated  & now play in the premiership. They play in the Yorkshire Amateur League, they are also have a reserve side. West Leeds Wortley also play from here as a Sunday football team. Also based at Farnley Cricket Club are,'Wortley Ladies Women's Football Teams',a First Team and a Reserve Team, the Reserves were 3rd Division Champions 2012/13,and the First Team were 1st Division Champions 2013/14 to be the first Ladies Team from Wortley/West Leeds area to be promoted to the Premier.

New Farnley has its own Ladies team, currently playing their home games on the Chapel Lane ground, next to Lawns Park Primary, they are currently in the third division of the West Riding Women's League.

Notable people
Farnley is well regarded in Leeds for its sports and that shows in the list of notable individuals which includes footballer, who currently plays for Manchester City, Kalvin Phillips and rugby league player, who currently plays for Catalan Dragons, Michael McIlorum.

As well as there being famous people from Farnley there have been several notable people who have lived in Farnley such as former Leeds United and Republic of Ireland national football team player Gary Kelly or comedian and actor Leigh Francis.

Medieval landowner Margaret de Neville was born in Farnley.

title: Farnley, Leeds


text:
Varsseveld

Varsseveld is a town in the Netherlands, located in the Dutch municipality of Oude IJsselstreek.

Middle Ages
At the start of the twelfth century, Varsseveld was part of the County of Lohn, a county within the Holy Roman Empire with its seat in Stadtlohn, nowadays Germany. Count Godschalk I of Lohn's son Goldschalk built an estate in the village. In 2009, during the reconstruction of the village core, archeologists found out that the village probably had a town canal at that time, similar to that of neighbouring estates and towns such as Bredevoort.

After the Battle for Bredevoort between 1326 and 1326, the village was conquered by Reginald II, Duke of Guelders and became under influence of the Duchy of Guelders. In 1723, a fire hit the village, burning down all the buildings, including the church. Until 1794, when Napoleon invaded the Netherlands and abolished the feudal system, the Guelders village was under the administration of the County of Zutphen and the smaller district of Wisch.

Upon the formation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands after the French rule had ended, Varsseveld was a separate municipality between 1812 and 1818, when it was merged with Wisch.

1945 Rademakersbroek mass execution
On 2 March 1945, when the village was still under control of the Nazi Forces, a mass execution of 46 people took place on Rademakersbroek, a road just outside of the town. The victims had been chosen at random and had been taken from the Kruisberg prison in Doetinchem, where they had been imprisoned for numerous reasons, ranging from taking part in Resistance activities to unknowingly buying a stolen bike. The mass execution was a revenge attack in response to the earlier discovery of four dead Nazi officers in a semi-burnt vehicle near the village.

Four weeks later, on 31 March 1945, the village was liberated by the English Allied Forces.

After World War II
In the 1950s and 1960s, the village industrialised and became a regional leader in the production of wooden products such as doors, clogs, drawers and closets. This made the village relatively affluent during that time.

Roman urban myth
Long time, Varsseveld held on to the urban myth that it had been a border town to the Roman Empire. A part of the myth centred around the interpretation of the etymology of the town's name. According to one local etymologist, Varsseveld had been derived from the Roman general Varus and "veld" (meaning "field"), pointing at the possibility that Varsseveld had been an important battleground in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.

In 1984, a twenty-five meters tall statue with a Roman helmet on top was erected in celebration of the newly constructed motorway Rijksweg 15, also referring to this story. Historians critiqued the use of the Roman helmet as the idea of Varus having set foot in Varsseveld was highly unlikely and stated that "Varsse" was derived from the word "vaars", meaning "young cow". In 2005, a study by the University of Osnabrück proved that it had been impossible for Varus to have fought anywhere near Varsseveld.

Another local belief that aided this urban myth is the existence of a rural road called Romienendiek in Aalten. In Low Saxon, Romienendiek could translate to Roman's dyke. However, the road was likely named after Rooi'je Mien, a local folklore figure.

Sport
Varsseveld hosted the 2009 Dutch Sidecarcross Grand Prix, on 7 June.

Varsseveld hosted a Strongman contest, the Strongman Champions League Holland Grand Prix on June 1, 2008. The winner of the contest was Žydrūnas Savickas from Lithuania.

Football coach Guus Hiddink and cyclist Robert Gesink were born and raised in Varsseveld.

Events
Annual events include:
 * Nationale motorcross (May)
 * Eeuwig Erbarmen Festival/’n drom (first Saturday in July)
 * men-wedstrijden (July)
 * Varssevelds Volksfeest (third weekend in August)
 * Koetsentocht en Monicadag (July)
 * Hootchie Koe festival (May)
 * Goa dag

title: Varsseveld


text: Category:Cathedrals by country

title: Category:Cathedrals by country