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The Broadways

The Broadways was a short-lived American punk band from Chicago, Illinois, United States, formed in 1996 after the dissolution of the ska-punk band Slapstick. The latter's vocalist Brendan Kelly and trumpet player Dan Hanaway assumed the roles of bassist and guitarist, joined by Rob DePaola on drums and Chris McCaughan (formerly of Tricky Dick) on guitar. All but DePaola also assumed vocal duties.

History
The Broadways acknowledged musical influence from and drew comparisons to Crimpshrine, Fifteen and Jawbreaker. Their songs are typically characterised by socio-political lyrics and a lack, both lyrically and musically, of adherence to traditional verse-chorus structures.

The band released one full album, Broken Star, in 1998 on Asian Man Records. They broke up later that year, with Kelly stating a reason of “all of us growing out of where we were in our lives when we started the band”. Subsequently, Kelly and McCaughan formed The Lawrence Arms, and Hanaway and DePaola formed The Honor System.

A compilation entitled Broken Van was released in 2000, comprising 6 songs recorded after Broken Star (thought to have been planned for release on a split with Baxter) and all the songs from their pre-album EPs (except “Ben”, which had already been re-released on Broken Star as “Ben Moves to California”).

In 2007 and 2008, Asian Man Records announced plans to reissue both of the band's albums on vinyl and CD. Broken Star had long since sold out on vinyl, whereas Broken Van had been CD-only; both had for some time been out of stock on CD. In late 2007, Mike Park posted a thread on his label’s forum stating that he could not find a copy of Broken Van and would need a fan to provide one in order for the reissue to go ahead. His request was successful. The new vinyl edition of Broken Van went on sale in July 2008, and that of Broken Star was released shortly after.

It was announced in May 2013, that the Broadways will playing a reunion show at Riot Fest 2013 in Chicago.

Members

 * Brendan Kelly: bass, vocals
 * Dan Hanaway: guitar, vocals
 * Chris McCaughan: guitar, vocals
 * Rob DePaola: drums

Albums

 * Broken Star (Asian Man Records, 1998)
 * Broken Van (Asian Man Records, 2000)

EPs, etc.

 * We All Know That You Can Do It 7" (Bicycle Records, 1997)
 * Big City Life EP, CD/7" (Asian Man Records, 1998)
 * The tracks from these two EPs were re-released on the post-breakup compilation Broken Van, with the exception of the former’s song "Ben", which was re-recorded and re-titled as "Ben Moves To California" on the earlier album Broken Star.

 * Where's the Beef? (Drive Thru Records, 1997): this compilation contains the exclusive song "Fuck the Church"

Cover versions by The Lawrence Arms and Sundowner
Despite having claimed that they never would, The Lawrence Arms performed songs by The Broadways, during their late 2007 tour: "15 Minutes" and "The Kitchen Floor". Brendan sang "15 Minutes", which was originally sung by Dan; its inclusion instead of one of his own songs is probably due to its relative popularity among The Broadways' catalogue, being their only track offered as a free download on the official Asian Man Records website. Chris performed his song "The Kitchen Floor"; he has also gone on to do so under his solo project, Sundowner. Also performed during the tour was Slapstick's "Broken Down", lending support to the theory that the likely reason for the inclusion of these songs is because the tour was something of a showcase for Brendan and Chris's various projects, leading to some of their older songs being added for the sake of completion and to please die-hard fans. It is unclear whether any future performances by The Lawrence Arms will feature old songs.

Reunion concert
As part of the Asian Man Records 15th Anniversary Festival in 2011, for which founder Mike Park set himself the lofty goal of recruiting – including reuniting, if necessary – every band who had ever released on his label, all four members of The Broadways reunited to play an afternoon matinee show on the 17th of June. The festival had already seen Dan and Brendan perform in their earlier band Slapstick the day before, and would later see both participate in performances by their current bands (respectively) Ratasucia and The Lawrence Arms. The Broadways played on the third day of Riot Fest Chicago in 2013.

title: The Broadways


text:
Combe Raleigh

Combe Raleigh is a village and civil parish in the county of Devon, England. The village lies about 1.5 miles north of the town of Honiton, and the parish is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Luppitt, Honiton, Awliscombe and Dunkeswell.

The word 'Combe' is of Celtic origin meaning 'valley' (the same as cwm) whilst the name 'Raleigh' comes from the Raleigh family's ownership of the village in the thirteenth century.

The 15th-century parish church (St. Nicholas) has six bells and its minister is shared with the nearby village of Awliscombe. The village has no shops.

In the past twenty to thirty years agriculture has declined considerably in the area, but the village does have three horticulture-based businesses. The most recently opened business being St. Isidore Agriculture Ltd.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Combe Raleigh


text:
Nha Trang

Nha Trang ( or ; ) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hoà town, on the south by Cam Ranh city and on the west by Diên Khánh District. The city has about 422,600 in 2019. An area of 12.87 km2 of the western communes of Diên An and Diên Toàn is planned to be merged into Nha Trang which will make its new area 265.47 km2 based on the approval of the Prime Minister of Vietnam in September 2012.

Historically, the city was known as Kauthara under rule of the Kingdom of Champa. The city is still home to the famous Po Nagar Towers built by the Champa. Being a coastal city, Nha Trang is a center for marine science based at the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute. The Hon Mun marine protected area is one of four first marine protected areas in the world admitted by the IUCN.

Nha Trang is well known for its beaches and scuba diving and has developed into a popular destination for international tourists, attracting large numbers of backpackers, as well as more affluent travelers on the south-east Asia circuit; it is already very popular with Vietnamese tourists, with Nha Trang Bay widely considered as among the world's most beautiful bays. Tourists are welcomed to participate in the Sea Festival, held biennially.

Etymology
According to some researchers, the name Nha Trang derives from a Vietnamese spelling of the Cham language name of the site Ea Dran (literally "Reed River"), the name of the Cai River as referred to by the Cham people. From the name of this river, the name was adopted to call what is now Nha Trang, which was officially made Vietnam's territory in 1698. Ea Dran is a common Cham and Montagnard place name, same as Ia Drang Valley.

As far as the recorded naming of Nha Trang is concerned, in Toàn tập Thiên Nam Tứ Chí Lộ Đồ Thư, a geographical book written by a Vietnamese scholar with the family of Đỗ Bá in the second half of the 18th century, the name Nha Trang Môn ("Nha Trang gate") was mentioned. In another map dating to the 17th century, known as Giáp Ngọ Niên Bình Nam Đồ by a noble called Đoan Quận công Bùi Thế Đạt, the name Nha Trang Hải môn (Nha Trang Sea Gate) was also cited. In Vietnamese recorded historic bibliographies, these books are perhaps the earliest ones that mentioned this place name.

In a work by Lê Quý Đôn called Phủ biên tạp lục (1776), many Nha Trang-related names were mentioned, such as đầm Nha Trang, dinh Nha Trang, nguồn Nha Trang, and đèo Nha Trang.

History
Kauthara, also translated as an ancient clam, is a constituent state of the empire-leading kingdom and its ruling area is located in the area from today's Fu A province to Cam Ranh. Yanpunagara, the capital of Yangpu, occupies the faith of a man and is deeply influenced by religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. However, in addition to that, the gods who formerly occupied ruled the indigenous faith in the motherland, such as Çri Maladakuthara (釋利摩落陀古笪羅) in the ancient Gur'an region in the south, are one of those who can preserve the old God Most of the old gods who dominated the motherland were replaced by brahmanist gods such as the goddess Yan Pu Nagara (楊浦那竭羅) and the Bhagavati (妻婆伽婆底), Replaced, located in Nha Trang near today. Bhagavati is mixed with Yan Pu Nagara, a goddess in the local faith, which is quite revered by the people and has dedicated ancestral temples to enshrine it.

From 1653 to the 19th century, Nha Trang was a deserted area rich in wildlife (animals like tigers) and was a part of Hà Bạc, Vĩnh Xương County, Diên Khánh Province. After just two decades in the early 20th century, Nha Trang underwent a rapid change. On August 30, 1924, the Governor-General of French Indochina decreed Nha Trang as a townlet (urban centre). Nha Trang Townlet was established from the ancient villages of Xương Huân, Phương Câu, Vạn Thạnh, Phương Sài, and Phước Hải.

During French Indochina, Nha Trang was seen as de facto capital of Khánh Hòa Province. The colonial administration offices (like Envoy Office, Commanding Office, Trade Office, Post Office) were situated in Nha Trang. Local royal offices like Province Chief, Provincial Judge, Military Commander are in Diên Khánh city (a walled military city 10 km south-west of Nha Trang).

On 7 May 1937, the Governor-General of French Indochina by another decree upgraded Nha Trang Townlet to town. At this time, Nha Trang Town had five wards based on the ancient villages merged to make the town: Xương Huân, Phương Câu, Vạn Thạnh, Phương Sài, and Phước Hải.

On 27 January 1958, the president of the Republic of Vietnam, Ngô Đình Diệm by Decree 18-BNV abrogated the town status of Nha Trang and divided Nha Trang into two rural communes: Nha Trang Đông (Eastern Nha Trang) and Nha Trang Tây (Western Nha Trang), under the administration of Vĩnh Xương County.

During the late 1960s, the U.S. Army's First Field Force, Vietnam (1FFV) was headquartered in Nha Trang. 1FFV was a corps-level major subordinate command of the U.S. Army Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV).

On 22 October 1970, the government of the Republic of Vietnam by Decree 132-SL/NV reestablished Nha Trang Town on the ground of Nha Trang Đông and Nha Trang Tây and other rural communes. Following that establishment, the government by Decree 357-ĐUHC/NC/NĐ dated 5 June 1971 divided Nha Trang into 11 urban zones.

On 2 April 1975, communist (Viet Cong/PRG/VPA) forces captured the city. On 4 April 1975, Khánh Hòa Military Commission (Ủy ban Quân quản Khánh Hòa) divided Nha Trang into three administrative districts: District 1, District 2 and Vĩnh Xương District. In September 1975, the districts were merged to become one entity, the town of Nha Trang.

On 30 March 1977, the Council of the Government (now the cabinet) of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by Decision 391-CP/QĐ upgraded Nha Trang to city status, a county-level city under the administration of Phú Khánh Province (a province created by merger of now Phú Yên Province and Khánh Hòa Province). Seven communes of former Vĩnh Xương County, namely Vĩnh Thái, Vĩnh Ngọc, Vĩnh Hiệp, Vĩnh Lương, Vĩnh Trung, Vĩnh Thạnh, Vĩnh Phương was split from Khánh Xương County to become Nha Trang City territory.

On 27 March 1978, the provincial government by Decision 54-BT founded Phước Đồng Commune under Nha Trang City.

On 1 July 1989, Khanh Hoa was split from Phu Khanh Province to become Khánh Hòa Province as it was before, Nha Trang was made the capital of Khánh Hòa Province. On April 22, 1999, Phan Văn Khải by Decision 106/1999 recognized Nha Trang City as a second-class municipal city. On April 22, 2009, former Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng recognized Nha Trang City as a first-class municipal city.

Geography
Nha Trang city has a metropolitan area of 251 km2 and population of about 500,000. It borders Ninh Hòa town in the north, Cam Ranh city in the south, Diên Khánh town in the west and the East Sea to the east. The city is on the beautiful Nha Trang Bay, which was chosen by Travel + Leisure in two succeeding years as one of 29 most beautiful bays in the world. Nha Trang is surrounded on all three sides by mountains and a large island and four smaller ones on the fourth side (in the ocean directly in front of the city's main area), blocking major storms from potentially damaging the city.

Climate
Nha Trang has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification: As), with a lengthy dry season from January to August and a shorter wet season from September to December, when 1029 mm of the city's total annual rainfall of about 1300 mm is received from the north-east monsoon. During the wet season extremely heavy rainfall from typhoons is not uncommon, though the city is shielded from the worst winds.

Administrative divisions

Nha Trang is subdivided into 27 wards and communes, of which 19 are urban wards: Vĩnh Hải, Vĩnh Phước, Vĩnh Thọ, Xương Huân, Vạn Thắng, Vạn Thạnh, Phương Sài, Phương Sơn, Ngọc Hiệp, Phước Hòa, Phước Tân, Phước Tiến, Phước Hải, Lộc Thọ, Tân Lập, Vĩnh Nguyên, Vĩnh Trường, Phước Long (founded in November 1998), Vĩnh Hòa (founded in April 2002); and 8 suburban communes: Vĩnh Phương, Vĩnh Trung, Vĩnh Thạnh, Vĩnh Thái, Vĩnh Hiệp, Vĩnh Ngọc, Vĩnh Lương, and Phước Đồng. Since 1998, due to the high pace of urbanization, many urban planned zones have been built: Hòn Rớ, Bắc Việt, Thánh Gia, Đường Đệ, and Nam Hòn Khô.

Education
Nha Trang is home to the multidisciplinary Nha Trang University (formerly Nha Trang Fishery University); the Naval and Aviation Academy; a teachers' training college; Khanh Hoa University, as well as the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute a unique institute of oceanography in Vietnam and the Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, one of the many famous Pasteur Institutes.

Nha Trang Pasteur Institute
The French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, discoverer of the Yersinia pestis bacterium lived in Nha Trang for 50 years and was affectionately known as Ông Năm. He established the Indochinese Pasteur Institute (now known as the Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang), devoted to researching the bubonic plague. Yersin died in Nha Trang on 1 March 1943. A street in the city is named after him, and a shrine has been built over his tomb. There is a Yersin Museum dedicated to his achievements.

Economy
Nha Trang's economy relies largely on tourism. In the suburban areas around the city, the shipbuilding industry has developed and contributed significantly to the local economy. Fishery and services are also important to the city. Khanh Hoa Province in general and Nha Trang is particular are among the largest contributors to Vietnam's annual budget revenues. Lobster farming on the sea is an important industry for the people living in suburban areas.

To the south of the city, by Cam Ranh Bay, several industrial parks are under construction and have been partly available for investors. Once the construction of the deep-water port on Vân Phong Bay has been completed, this area will become the third important economic zone in the province (besides Nha Trang and Cam Ranh).

Tourism

Nha Trang is one of the most important tourist hubs of Vietnam, thanks to its beaches with fine and clean sand and the clear ocean water with mild temperatures all year round. There are several resorts — such as Vinpearl, Diamond Bay and Ana Mandara — and amusement and water parks, in the city and on islands off the coast. The possibly most beautiful street of Nha Trang is Tran Phu Street along the seaside, sometimes referred to as the Pacific Coast Highway of Vietnam.

Lying off Nha Trang is the Hon Tre Island (Bamboo Island), with a major resort operated by the Vinpearl Group. The Vinpearl Cable Car, a gondola lift system, links the mainland to the five-star resort and theme park on Hon Tre Island.

Nha Trang is a stopover for annual yacht races starting in Hong Kong. In recent years, the city has welcomed many five-star sea cruises. In addition to sailboat racing, Nha Trang provides a rich variety of tourist activities for visitors. Island hopping, scuba diving, water sports and other sporting activities can be enjoyed. The Nha Trang Tourist Information Center (a non-governmental organisation), located near the Cho Dam Market has been set up to provide information for visitors.

The local cuisine is most famous for fresh seafood and barbecued pork rolled in rice paper. The area's bird's nest soup is deemed one of the best in Vietnam. Bird's nests are collected in the wild, on bird farms on the islands off the coast and even in some houses in the inner city. The farmed bird in question belongs to the swiftlet group, popularly referred to as yến hàng (Aerodramus fuciphagus and A. germani).

Tourist attractions
Scuba diving and kite boarding are available, as are catamaran sailboats. Winds are steady.
 * Alexandre Yersin Museum
 * Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang
 * Nha Trang Oceanography Institute, the largest of its kind in Indochina where thousands of oceanic life samples, exhibits are on display. It is home to the largest oceanic library in Vietnam.
 * Chánh Tọa Church (or Mountain Church)
 * Long Son Pagoda, and its statue of Gautama Buddha.
 * Tong Lam Lo Son Pagoda, and its statue of Amitabha Buddha.
 * Magical Mystery Tour Nha Trang
 * Boat tour on Cai River, visiting islands off the coast and Ba Hồ Waterfall
 * Palace of Emperor Bảo Đại
 * Thap Ba Hot Spring (Lady Tower hot spring)
 * Nha Phu Lagoon
 * Hoa Lan Stream (Orchid Flower stream)
 * Monkey Island
 * Sạn Beach
 * Hòn Tằm Island (Silkworm island)
 * Hòn Mun Island (Ebony island)
 * Hòn Con Sẻ Tre Island (Bamboo Sparrow island)
 * Hòn Ông Island
 * Đảo Yến Island (Swiftlet island)
 * Hòn Tre Island (Bamboo island)
 * Suối Đổ Stream
 * Suối Tiên Stream (Fairy stream)
 * Hòn Bà Mountain
 * Cai River Minigolf & Restaurant & Marina
 * Yangbay Waterfall
 * Tháp Bà Pô Nagar Nha Trang (a Champa Tower)
 * Chùa Long Sơn (Long Son Pagoda, literally "The Dragon Mountain Pagoda" — or White Buddha Pagoda)
 * Trí Nguyên Aquarium (an aquarium where hundreds of rare oceanic species are fed)
 * Vinpearl Cable Car

Cuisine
Local culinary specialities that attract people are bánh canh chả cá (bánh canh with fish cakes and fish broth), bún cá sứa (rice vermicelli with jelly fish) and bánh xèo mực (crepes with squid).

Nightlife
The nightlife is known as superior to other coastal towns such as Mui Ne and Vũng Tàu It is usually busiest around the Vietnamese New Year and can be worth visiting most of the year, with the possible exception of the rainy period (especially November).

Many tourists enjoy the Nha Trang River Cai boat ride (locally known as Song Cai, as "song" means "river" in the Vietnamese language).

Transportation
When Cam Ranh Bay used to be an important naval base, Nha Trang Airport was the main airport of the city. This airport was used by the United States Air Force and Republic of Vietnam Air Force during the Vietnam War. When part of Cam Ranh Bay was made an economic development zone by the Vietnamese government, Cam Ranh International Airport (also a military airport built by the United States during Vietnam War) was made the new civilian airport of the city. This airport is located by Cam Ranh Bay, 28 km south of the city and was (as of 2007) the fourth busiest airport in passenger traffic in Vietnam serving more than 683,000 passengers in 2008. As of 2016, the airport has domestic connections to Hanoi, Hồ Chí Minh City, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng, Vinh.

The city is next to the National Route 1, the backbone north–south road of the country. The Reunification Railway crosses the city and stops at Nha Trang Railway Station. The construction work of Vân Phong Port, north of the city, a deep-water project capable of handling ships up to 100,000 tonnes, and with a capacity of 100 million tonnes of cargo per annum, is under progress by a consortium of Japanese corporations. The estimated investment capital for this port-city complex project is expected to reach US$15 billion.

Sister cities

 * Đà Lạt, Vietnam
 * Thái Nguyên, Vietnam
 * Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

title: Nha Trang


text:
Coombe, Buckinghamshire

Coombe is a hamlet in the parish of Ellesborough in the English county of Buckinghamshire, situated between Coombe Hill and Chequers, the official country residence of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. At the 2011 Census the population of the hamlet was included in the civil parish of Wendover.

The hamlet is situated on the Missenden Road that leads from Butlers Cross to Great and Little Hampden. The Buckinghamshire headquarters of the Girl Guides are situated in Coombe, as is part of Ellesborough Golf Club.

title: Coombe, Buckinghamshire


text:
Template talk:Member states of the African Union

This is, essentially, the expanded version. I personally prefer the condensed one. Oberiko 00:41, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

please add
Please add to the interwikis: he:תבנית:האיחוד האפריקאי Deror 14:24, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Done! Thanks for the link, David Kernow (talk) 21:49, 26 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
Beherit

Beherit is a Finnish black metal band from Rovaniemi. The band was formed in 1989 by Nuclear Holocausto Vengeance (Marko Laiho), Jari Vaarala (Demonic Fornication) and Sodomatic Slaughter (Jari Pirinen), with the purpose of performing "the most primitive, savage, hell-obsessed black metal imaginable". "Beherit" is the Syriac word for Satan. Through the uncommercial nature of their music, visuals, and live performances, the band quickly attracted a cult following. Besides the "raw" sound, the band's music is noted for its avant-garde side and emphasis on atmosphere. Beherit are now regarded as a pioneer in their genre.

As a full band, Beherit released one full-length album and many demos and compilations of raw and minimalistic black metal. They disbanded soon after the release of the experimental 1993 album Drawing Down the Moon, which is now considered a classic of the genre. Laiho, the group's frontman, continued as a solo project and released two more albums under the band's name, H418ov21.C in 1994 and Electric Doom Synthesis in 1995. These albums are usually categorized as dark ambient. Although they were completely electronic, the albums carried the atmosphere of the band's black metal recordings. Original members Nuclear Holocausto and Sodomatic Slaughter reformed the band in 2008, now a four-piece featuring new members Ancient Corpse Desekrator and Abyss.

Early days (1989–1990)
Beherit was formed in 1989 by three young musicians from Rovaniemi, Lapland; vocalist and guitarist Nuclear Holocausto Vengeance (Marko Laiho), bassist Daemon Fornication and drummer Sodomatic Slaughter (Jari Pirinen). The band released three demos the following year—Seventh Blasphemy, Morbid Rehearsals, and Demonomancy —and also gathered reputation for their live shows, which included pig heads and goats on stage.

The Oath of Black Blood (1991–1992)
Beherit's compilation album, The Oath of Black Blood, includes material recorded from June to September 1990. The album was released in 1991. The album is traditional, fast, and brutal old school black metal, heavily influenced by death metal, thrash metal, and grindcore. However, it is not a separately recorded studio album. The band got some funding for recording an album from their record label at the time, Turbo Music, but supposedly spent the money on alcohol. The label then released their demo Demonomancy and 7-inch EP Dawn of Satan's Millennium as a compilation, without the band's permission, and named it The Oath of Black Blood, which was originally supposed to be the name of the new album. Laiho commented on the album in an early 1992 interview for Metal Hammer magazine:

"I hate the album! It's so bad, we never wanted to release it. The songs are from our 'Demonomancy' demo and our label Turbo Music just used a regular cassette for the album pressing. Honestly, I never sent them the master tape... We're planning to release a proper LP soon, this time on my own label. The result should be much better."

The album is now generally regarded as a full-length release. Spinefarm Records re-issued it in 2005, and Season of Mist in 2006. In 1991, the band members briefly performed under the name, The Lord Diabolus, from which a single demo tape was made and released independently before the band returned to working under the name Beherit. The songs "Intro (Tireheb)" and "Nocturnal Evil" were later re-released as Beherit songs.

Drawing Down the Moon (1993)
Beherit's best-known and most influential album, Drawing Down the Moon, was recorded between April and August in 1992. It was released in 1993 as the band's first official LP. The album was named after a Wiccan ritual, "drawing down the Moon". The album was highly experimental within the black metal scene, as the band used whispers and space-like electronic and synth sounds to strengthen its hypnotic atmosphere. Drawing Down the Moon was reissued by Candlelight Records in 2006.

Ambient era (1994–1996)
Despite the album's success, Drawing Down the Moon was to remain the band's last black metal release, as they split up the next year. Laiho still recorded two albums of dark ambient music, H418ov21.C and Electric Doom Synthesis, and released them under the band's name. As the band did not reform and Laiho had eventually lost interest in black metal, he went on to continue his musical career in dark ambient as Suuri Shamaani and in hardcore techno as DJ Gamma-G.

Return to black metal, Engram (2009)
Beherit was reformed in 2008, with original members Nuclear Holocausto (having returned to Finland from Thailand) and Sodomatic Slaughter, and newcomers Ancient Corpse Desekrator and Abyss. The new album is a return to the black metal genre, and also marks Beherit's return to a full band configuration after existing as a solo project from 1994 until its disbandment in 1996. The album, entitled Engram, is the band's third black metal album (fifth overall) and first in 14 years.

A sixth album, Bardo Exist, was released in 2020. This album marked a return to the black ambient style.

Conflicts
Beherit were one of the first second-wave black metal bands. In the early 1990s, due to Beherit and groups such as Impaled Nazarene and Barathrum, the Finnish scene was becoming more and more recognized. This eventually resulted in a Norwegian-Finnish conflict often named the "Dark War". According to Isten fanzine's obviously satirical article, the conflict originated from several misunderstandings and practical jokes, involving Laiho, but Mika Luttinen of Impaled Nazarene believed he received death threats in Norwegian. His band's first album had a statement saying "no orders from Norway accepted", which Luttinen later admitted being stupid and childish. Laiho commented on the conflict in an interview for January 1994 issue of Masters of Brutality magazine:

"'When we started the band about 4 years ago we knew this and so that's okay. Now there are more people against us ‘cause of these new rules and all these stupid rumours spread by our Norwegian enemies... but I don’t care so much. But that’s a bit sad that the black metal underground scene is totally split.'"

Current members

 * Nuclear Holocausto (Marko Laiho) (Black Crucifixion) – vocals, guitars, keyboards, programming (1989–1996, 2008–present)
 * Sodomatic Slaughter (Jari Pirinen) (Black Crucifixion) – drums (1989–1991, 2008–present)
 * Ancient Corpse Desekrator (Sami Tenetz) (Thy Serpent) – guitars (2008–present)
 * Abyss – bass (2008–present)

Former members

 * Daemon Fornication (Demon Fornication) – bass
 * Black Jesus (Arjo Wennström) (Painflow) – bass
 * Kimmo Luttinen (Catamenia, Impaled Nazarene, The Black League) – drums

Albums

 * Drawing Down the Moon (1993)
 * H418ov21.C (1994)
 * Electric Doom Synthesis (1995)
 * Engram (2009)
 * At the Devil's Studio 1990 (2011)
 * Bardo Exist (2020)
 * WBRRR (2023)

Compilations

 * The Oath of Black Blood (1991)
 * Beast of Beherit - Complete Worxxx (1999)

EPs and demos

 * Seventh Blasphemy (1990)
 * Morbid Rehearsals (1990)
 * Demonomancy (1990)
 * Dawn of Satan's Millennium (1990)
 * Diabolus Down There (alternately, Down There..., released under the band name The Lord Diabolus, 1991)
 * Unreleased Studio Tracks (1991)
 * Promo 1992 (1992)
 * Messe des morts (1994)
 * Celebrate the Dead (2012)

Splits

 * Beherit / Death Yell (1991)
 * Messe des morts / Angel Cunt (1999) (with Archgoat)

title: Beherit


text:
Talk:Medical Aid for Palestinians

October 2004
Why are you deleting mention of "Occupied Territories"? The term Occupied Territory is enclosed in quotation marks because MAP uses the term in its literature. If NGO Monitor is offended and considers MAP partisan because of that, they should not be ashamed to identify the source of the smear campaigns against Palestinian NGOs as an Israeli ambassador. Don't delete Dore Gold's name because readers have a right to know where the accusations of partisanship against humanitarian organizations come from; they come from partisan and extremist Zionists. Alberuni 00:43, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The link is to a POV page that is currently in voting to be turned into a re-direct, and no doubt will be. Moreover, the includsion if for purely political reasons, as it adds no information to the article itself.  The name and description of the head of NGO monitor are included purely to (in your mind) discredit the organization (please see poisoning the well), and including this kind of information is not commonly done in Wikipedia articles.  The information is relevant in the NGO Monitor article, where it is included, and which can easily be found when people click on the link in this article.  I'm not sure why you judge Dore Gold to be "extremist", but it's not really relevant either. Jayjg 17:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * And you still haven't responded to these valid objections; please allow my NPOV edits to remains. Jayjg 02:06, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * If you insist on smearing humanitarian organizations then you owe it to the reader to accurately identify in the article who the source of the smear campaign is. Dore Gold is not a neutral observer. You are trying to hide his involvement by citing NGO Monitor, an innocent neutral and objective sounding NGO name. It isn't. It is an extremist Likud mouthpiece. Either include reference to Dore Gold, Israeli Ambassador, as the source of the smear campaigns against all these Palestinian NGOs or delete all reference to NGO Monitor and their smears. Alberuni 02:11, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your opinions of NGO Monitor are interesting, but it's not Wikipedia's job to assign these kinds of POV labels. Rather, Wikipedia simply reports on who says what; that is NPOV.  You have no idea who wrote those reports, and in any event the NGO Monitor article certainly provides all the information anyone needs on the subject. Jayjg 02:23, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Would you say the same thing if someone added critiques from a neo-Nazi or Holocaust Revisionist website to the "Jew" article? Alberuni 03:37, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * On what basis do you equate NGO Monitor with neo-Nazi or Holocaust Revisionist? Jayjg 03:43, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What difference does it make what my POV or your POV is on these organizations. "Rather, Wikipedia simply reports on who says what; that is NPOV." Alberuni 03:50, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * If you feel the neo-Nazi or Holocaust Revisionist POV needs to be promoted, feel free to give it a try. Jayjg 03:53, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I didn't say I was going to promote neo-nazi POV, I was just pointing out the duplicity of your argument; pushing NGO Monitor's Zionist POV which you agree with while claiming that you are just maintaining Wikipedia NPOV. "Just reporting who says what," indeed. But when it comes to terms that you believe reflect a POV you disagree with (Occupied Palestinian Territories), you are quick to censor and delete. Hypocrite. Alberuni 04:19, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Please restrict Talk: pages to discussions of article content, not discussing your beliefs about other editors, and in particular not name-calling. Jayjg 04:26, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I am discussing article content and the way it is being manipulated by detestable hypocrites. Alberuni 04:43, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

4 reverts in one day
Alberuni, you've reverted this article four times in one day, which is against Wikipedia policy. How many more will you do? Jayjg 17:47, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * How many times do you and your turtle intend to censor out relevant information?Alberuni 18:07, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't have a turtle, though I do have a small fish-tank. The information doesn't belong, reasons given above. And regardless, please stop deliberately breaking Wikipedia rules. Jayjg 18:19, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Irrelevant material by NGO Monitor has been moved to NGO Monitor page
Because Jayjg made the case that revisionist critique of extermination camps doesn't belong on the "Jew" page butrather the page on Holocaust revisionism, it was suggested that NGO Monitor material should also be moved to the appropriate page. It has been done. --Alberuni 06:22, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The material relating to the Medical Aid for Palestinians should be here, where it talks about Medical Aid for Palestinians. NGO Monitor reports on dozens of NGOs, we can't include descriptions of every single investigation it has done in the article. Jayjg 06:28, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sure you can. Move material to the appropriate page. Remember?--Alberuni 06:29, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * This is the appropriate page for discussion of Medical Aid for Palestinians. But feel free to post any criticisms of NGO Monitor on the NGO Monitor page. Jayjg 06:33, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry bub, if Zundel doesn't belong on Jew page then NGO Gold doesn't belong here. --Alberuni 06:44, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your analogy is flawed, and your attitude towards the integrity of Wikipedia is dismaying. Jayjg 06:45, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your claim that the analogy is flawed does not carry weight. Explain yourself. The examples are the same. See No One Jones comment on my Talk page. Keep your ad hominem attacks to yourself. --Alberuni 06:52, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Opinion about NGOs belongs on various NGO pages; for example, criticism of the Anti-Defamation League is found on the Anti-Defamation League page, including many links. So too with Greenpeace etc. Please keep in mind that Jews not an NGO, that Holocaust Denial is denial that a historical event happened, and that the criticisms of NGO monitor do not state that the incidents alleged by the NGOs in question never actually happened. For your analogy to work, it would require that
 * Holocaust Denial be a "criticism" of Jews, not a denial of the Holocaust.
 * Jews be an NGO.
 * NGO Monitor deny the events alleged by the various NGOs actually occured.
 * Jayjg 07:25, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm trying to understand it your way but I believe you are making a fallacious argument using your usual biased (pro-Israeli) double standards and special pleadings. Jews do not have to be an NGO to suffer from the same type of revisionist manipulation that NGO Monitor uses against Palestinian humanitarian groups. I believe that NGO Monitor does deny the atrocities that these Palestinian humanitarian groups are publicizing and that NGO Monitor tries to delegitimize these groups simply for making legitimate political criticisms of Israeli policies that NGO Monitor wishes to suppress. Similarly, revisionists try to delegitimize claims about the Nazi persecution of Jews that are used by Jews to demand political change, such as the creation of a Jewish state. There are clear parallels between the propaganda techniques used by neo-nazi revisionists and the propaganda used by NGO Monitor. Both try to undermine claims of atrocities by their "opponents". You only disagree because of your ardently pro-Zionist POV. But would you have the same opinion if I start quoting Jew Watch articles on the B'nai B'rith site? Honestly, how would you feel if I included Jew Watch POV on all the Jewish humanitarian organization sites? That is what you are doing by inserting NGO Monitor POV on all Palestinian humanitarian organization sites. --Alberuni 01:45, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

(Moving left again). As pointed out, the analogy between Jew Watch and NGO Monitor is irredeemably weak. NGO Monitor examines what various NGOs operating in Israel; most of them, from what I can tell, are not Palestinian groups, but Israeli or International. It examines their findings to see if a) they are factual, and b) they are non-partisan. It publishes those findings, based for the most part on the reports these various NGOs themselves issue. I have yet to see NGO Monitor "denying atrocities", and I fail to see how either pointing out factual errors or evidence of bias/political partisanship in published reports by NGOs equates with claiming the Jews are involved in an insidious plot to rule the world. NGO Monitor's activities much more closely parallel those of NGO Watch, an American "project" also set up to monitor NGOs. Is NGO Watch also similar to anti-Semitic sites like Jew-Watch, simply because it monitors NGOs to see if they live up to their claims? As for your argument, you have nailed the issue right on the head when you say "NGO Monitor tries to delegitimize these groups simply for making legitimate political criticisms of Israeli policies that NGO Monitor wishes to suppress". Non-partisan Human Rights or Humanitarian Aid groups should not be making political criticisms; rather, they should be monitoring and supporting Human Rights, or providing Humanitarian Aid. Jayjg 03:38, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You make good points and have clarified your position somewhat but you are clearly making value judgements that elevate NGO Monitor as a good organization and Jew Watch as a bad one. You didn't answer your own question, echoing mine -- what is the difference to Wikipedia betweeen Jew Watch and NGO Monitor (aside from their political orientation)? As for your last point, you are incorrect. Non-partisan groups can make political criticisms but they are expected to make them without regard to political orientation, i.e. against any part of the political spectrum. Non-political organizations are not supposed to make political statements of any kind. Now what is a humanitarian organization supposed to do when it finds human rights abuses? The Red Cross is non-political and will not make political criticisms but Amnesty international, although non-partisan, will make political criticisms against human rights abusing governments. Yet, NGO Monitor takes Amnesty to task for fulfilling their stated mission, simply because NGO Monitor does not like what it views as unwarranted political criticism of Israel (just like you). Well, it doesn't matter if you or I agree with NGO Monitor or Jew Watch. Wikipedia should report it all. But in reality, you push NGO Monitor's critique selectively because you agree with their POV and you are hostile and hateful to Palestinians and their human rights. You are an aggressive partisan and push your partisan POV in almost all your work on Wikipedia but you pretend you are strictly abiding by NPOV and Wikipedia norms. You are disingenuous. What will happen if you add NGO Monitor's critique to CARE and USAID? Starting to look stupid and partisan to you yet? Will you add Jew Watch critiques to B'nai B'rith, Simon Wiesenthal Center, and Jewish World Congress? Or will you fight to delete them? When do you begin to recognize your hypocrisy and when do you take steps to end it? --Alberuni 04:54, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Wow, 5 reverts in under an hour!
5 reverts in under an hour, that must be a record for you, Alberuni. By the way, the material on Medical Aid for Palestinians is relevant because this is the article on Medical Aid for Palestinians. I'm surprised you didn't understand that. Jayjg 06:58, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, you should really stop violating the rules and ignoring Talk. I've explained it to you several times on several pages. --Alberuni 07:02, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * So you are fully aware that you reverted 5 times in less than an hour, even after being warned about similar behaviour earlier on this Talk: page? Jayjg 07:17, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I have not been able to find that rule written down except in notes from you. Could you point me to the policy? --Alberuni 01:21, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Please see Three revert rule Jayjg 03:40, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The difference between "poisoning the well" and NPOV
Please review NPOV. "But it's not enough, to express the Wikipedia nonbias policy, just to say that we should state facts and not opinions. When asserting a fact about an opinion, it is important also to assert facts about competing opinions, and to do so without implying that any one of the opinions is correct. It's also generally important to give the facts about the reasons behind the views, and to make it clear who holds them. (It's often best to cite a prominent representative of the view.)" I believe that including reference to Ambassador Dore Gold as a prominent representative of NGO Monitor is important to maintaining NPOV. Furthermore, I noted that on the NGO Monitor page you deleted reference to him as an Israeli ambassador even though that is his title (like Dr. or Mr.) and it is featured on the first line of his biography. You shouldn't be ashamed to admit the source of these smears against Palestinian humanitarian organizations. --Alberuni 01:19, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The article doesn't list Dore Gold's opinions, it lists the opinions of NGO Monitor. NGO monitor is an organization with a number of employees, Gold is merely the publisher.  As such, the opinions themselves are undoubtedly the work of the actual workers in the organization, and not Gold.  Regarding NGO monitor, no reference has been deleted to Gold as the former ambassador to the U.N.; the wording, as given was deliberately misleading, since it made it appear that Gold was currently acting in the role of Israeli ambassador.  Indeed, the wording in this article is also deliberately misleading in the exact same way, in another attempt to poison the well, by making it appear that Gold himself is writing these opinions in the capacity of Israel ambassador, when, in fact, he no longer serves in that capacity, nor does he work for the Israeli government, nor is he authoring these opinions. Jayjg 03:01, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You seem to have written the above tract without reading my comment so I will repeat myself. Dore Gold is a prominent leader, publisher and spokesperson for NGO Monitor and Wikipedia NPOV policy recommends that "It's also generally important to give the facts about the reasons behind the views, and to make it clear who holds them. (It's often best to cite a prominent representative of the view)." Dore Gold fits that description (and we haven't even begun to discuss the reasons why NGO Monitor may hold views hostile to human rights organizations). Read this very carefully; The title of "Ambassador" is a lifelong title and it is retained even when the ambassador is no longer employed as an ambassador. It is the title of his biographic web page and is in the first line of his biographic sketch. "Ambassador Dore Gold is President of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs." Ambassador Dore Gold --Alberuni 03:28, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Dore Gold is not NGO Monitor's spokesman, he is its publisher, and the article does make clear who holds the views; it is, in fact, NGO Monitor. In other words, when you say "It's often best to cite a prominent representative of the view" you're right, and NGO Monitor is the representative of that view.  NGO Monitor is not Dore Gold, and Dore Gold is not NGO Monitor.  When quoting Al Mezan's views, for example, one does not quote Kammal Al Sharafi.  When quoting Human Rights Watch's views, one does not quote Kenneth Roth.  If Dore Gold had made any of the statements directly, then it might be reasonable to say "According to Dore Gold, publisher of NGO Monitor, ..."  However, you are not quoting Gold at all, nor can you, since Gold is not saying these things.  Rather, you simply mention his name, deceptively describing him as the "Israeli Ambassador", not even as the "former Israeli Ambassador", which is what he is.  While Ambassador is an honorific title which may remain with a person for life, describing someone as Israeli Ambassador is an attempt to confuse the reader into believing he is an active Ambassador, working for the Israeli government, when he is neither.  You have clearly stated yourself that the only reason for mentioning Gold's name is to (in your eyes) discredit NGO Monitor; this is, in fact, poisoning the well.  Poisoning the well is a preemptive logical fallacy where unfavourable information about someone (or something) is presented to an audience, with the intent of discrediting everything said by that person (or group) beforehand; that is exactly what you are attempting to do by mentioning his name, as you yourself have made clear. Jayjg 03:51, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Nice try. Dore Gold is the publisher of NGO Monitor and President of its parent organization. You are being exceedingly deceptive by trying to claim that Dore Gold does not represent a prominent spokesperson for NGO Monitor. That would be like saying the publisher of Hustler is not responsible for its content. Please, the BS is getting thick, even for you. You again mischaracterize my statements. I never wrote that my intent was to discredit NGO Monitor by pointing out it is published by Dore Gold. (You are projecting your intent of concealing Dore Gold's relationship in order to present NGO Monitor as a neutral source). What I wrote was, "If you insist on smearing humanitarian organizations then you owe it to the reader to accurately identify in the article who the source of the smear campaign is." That's a completely different goal. You are arguing fallaciously once again, creating a straw man argument. Your edits have really gone off the edge this time. There is nothing wrong with naming Dore Gold and his title. What have you got to hide? --Alberuni 04:23, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Again, Gold is the publisher, not the spokesman; these are different roles. If you can find quotes of him speaking for NGO Monitor on the subject of Medical Aid for Palestinians then it would be reasonable to provide those specific quotes here.  And your very first response on the page states Don't delete Dore Gold's name because readers have a right to know where the accusations of partisanship against humanitarian organizations come from; they come from partisan and extremist Zionists. - your motivation here is clearly poisoning the well, which is "a preemptive logical fallacy where unfavourable information about someone (or something) is presented to an audience, with the intent of discrediting everything said by that person (or group) beforehand". Jayjg 19:21, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It must give you great satisfaction to accuse others of poisoning the well considering that you have repeated the accusation ad nauseum and that the phrase is rooted etymologically in medieval accusations against Jews. Your claim is exceedingly lame. You are trying to argue that the publisher of NGO Monitor and president of its parent organization is not a prominent representative of the view of NGO Monitor? Who is a more prominent representative of the views published in NGO Monitor than the publisher? My reasons for wanting to expose this connection are not related to "poisoning the well" but are related to NPOV policy of describing the background to the accusations, that they are being perpetrated by politically very partisan right-wing Zionists, not exactly B'Tselem Israelis making these accusations. That is entirely consistent with the NPOV policy that I have quoted many times above and you have studiously ignored. Furthermore, how is it poisoning the well if there is nothing to hide? It is a fact that Dore Gold publishes these accusations. readers should know the source. What are you trying to hide? I think my position is clear and proper. I don't expect you to ever agree or understand because you are not reasonable. I make an effort to overcome my POV to see things your way but I do not see the same good faith effort from you.--Alberuni 19:41, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I use the phrase "poisoning the well" because it is entirely apt. NPOV is not about naming the publishers of reports so readers can dismiss them as coming from "partisan and extremist Zionists"; rather, it is about quoting different views on a subject, and quoting the sources.  The sources in this case are, on the one hand, Medical Aid for Palestinians, and on the other hand, NGO Monitor.  If people want to know more about NGO Monitor they can click on the convenient link provided right in the text.  And if they want to know more about Dore Gold, they can click on the convenient link in the NGO Monitor page. Nothing is hidden, and relevant material is found on relevant pages. That is how Wikipedia works, and I think you will find it is pretty standard in all articles.  And I have tried to understand your POV; it's not hard, you've stated it explicitly.  You want people to know that they shouldn't take NGO Monitor's criticisms seriously, because its publisher is a "very partisan" "right-wing" "extremist Zionist", not a "reputable" Israeli like those running B'Tselem. However, this is the very essence of POV, an attempt to (in your view) smear NGO Monitor in order to guide the reader to draw the "correct" conclusions.  Jayjg 20:21, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your hypocrisy is outstanding. You push your deceptive POV behind a front organization run by a Likud mouthpiece and claim you are doing it in the name of NPOV! I work for full disclosure and an NPOV description that clearly shows who is behind this NGO Monitor group as explicitly recommended in NPOV and you claim it is "poisoning the well" and "the very essence of POV". Your unbelievable contorted manipulation is typical hasbara. Why would it be poisoning the well for people to know that Dore Gold publishes NGO Monitor? Why would they dismiss it? You don't dismiss it. You think it is the highest source of objective truth (or the best defense of Israel using deceit and manipulation, whatever, you love it). So what's the problem with putting more information in the article? Why censor out this important fact? Why are you ashamed of Dore Gold, publisher of NGO Monitor? Because everyone knows he has an ax to grind. He, like you, doesn't care about palestinian human rights. He, like you, cares only about Jews and Israel and if that means subverting human rights groups that defend Palestinians from Israeli atrocities, so be it. What contemptible sleazy Nazis. No wonder Zionists are universally despised. --Alberuni 00:55, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You have proved my point yet again; you want to keep the name Dore Gold front and center, even though this is not the way other NGO groups are referred to on Wikipedia, solely in order to let all the readers know that you belive NGO monitor is a "front organization run by a Likud mouthpiece", so that the readers will immediately dismiss it; poisoning the well par excellence. Regardless, it's not about my feelings, and nothing is being hidden; the NGO Monitor link clearly states who the President of the organization is, and the Dore Gold link there gives a good summary of Dore Gold's C.V. Jayjg 02:20, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Please review NPOV once again. "But it's not enough, to express the Wikipedia nonbias policy, just to say that we should state facts and not opinions. When asserting a fact about an opinion, it is important also to assert facts about competing opinions, and to do so without implying that any one of the opinions is correct. It's also generally important to give the facts about the reasons behind the views, and to make it clear who holds them. (It's often best to cite a prominent representative of the view.)" I guess NPOV policy feels like "poisoning the well" to you because you are protecting the true well-poisoners. Jew_Watch contains a long section about the authorship of the site. I guess we should delete that as "poisoning the well" too, as you deleted Dore Gold links from NGO Monitor? --Alberuni 04:46, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Mentioning Dore Gold is relevant because many people knows about him but not of NGO Monitor. Before reading up on this subject, I didn't know who Dore Gold or NGO Monitor was. However, since I have read this, it would have been much easier for me to discredit the criticism if Dore Gold's name was mentioned. Palestine-info 12:15, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

(Moving left) You said "Before reading up on this subject, I didn't know who Dore Gold or NGO Monitor was. However, since I have read this, it would have been much easier for me to discredit the criticism if Dore Gold's name was mentioned. Palestine-info"; proof positive that poisoning the well is intended, and worked. Jayjg 15:33, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You call it poisoning the well because you don't like people coming to their decisions based on the character of the accuser. NPOV encourages identification of accusers and POV pushers so that readers can come to that decision on their own. There may be readers with demented Zionist outlook who think Dore Gold is great. It's not poisoning the well just because intelligent readers can form an opinion about the motivation of creatures like Dore Gold. --Alberuni 17:24, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Is that why Wikipedia encourages such identifications? Please highlight the section you think states that. Jayjg 17:27, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Time for remedial reading comprehension for Jayjg. It's also generally important to give the facts about the reasons behind the views, and to make it clear who holds them. (It's often best to cite a prominent representative of the view.)"--Alberuni 17:49, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Stating that Gold is the publisher does not give any "facts about the reasons behind the views", and NGO Monitor is not Gold. I've explained this to you many times already. Jayjg 17:53, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Of course it does. Silly boy. Xed 17:55, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

(unindenting again) This is the sentence as you know...:

 * Medical Aid for Palestinians describes itself as "non-political" and "non-partisan" but this claim is disputed by the NGO Monitor, (published by former Israeli Ambassador to the UN Dore Gold) due to Medical Aid for Palestinians' alleged involvement "in advocacy on behalf of the Palestinians instead of providing medical care and aid to those in need."

Also realize that allegations against humanitarian relief organisations from Israel should be taken with a grain of salt. Remember the time when Israel claimed that PRCS was shipping Qassam rockets in their ambulances? It almost makes you smile but then you realize that some people actually buy that stuff... So I'm very skeptical to information that comes from the Israeli government. And NGO Monitor seem to have quite a few ties to that government. Knowing that, I can mentally place the allegation "in advocacy on behalf of the Palestinians instead of providing medical care and aid to those in need" in the bullshit cathegory of my brain. If it was Amnesty or any other organisation with an ounce of credibility to their name the situation would be different. It has nothing to do with poisoning the well. But it has everything to do with some bigots (Dori Gold) trying to hide behind a fancy name (NGO Monitor) and to legitimze their propaganda. I don't like that. Palestine-info 18:30, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What do statements by the Israeli government about Qassam rockets have to do with the reports by NGO Monitor about NGOs? And again, your statement confirms that you are trying to poison the well. Jayjg 02:05, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

No. Your statements confirm that you are trying to help Dori Gold spread his propaganda. Palestine-info 05:41, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, your edits confirm that, for propaganda purposes, you are trying to promote a false view of Dore Gold as a current Israeli Ambassador, when in fact he has not served in that role in years. Jayjg 14:50, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ed Poor and Jayjg Nonsensical Edits
What is the point of your edits except to delete MAP history as stemming from Israeli atrocities at Sabra and Shatila? You have added nothing and are just continuing your pro-Israeli hasbara propaganda campaign of censorship and manipulation. Also, it is not just their website that describes them that way, it is their printed materials that you can order from their website. So your edits are not only POV pushing pro-Israeli censorship, as usual, they are inaccurate and add nothing to the article, just like most of your "work" on Wikipedia. --Alberuni 18:45, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, I thought about this over lunch. I'd prefer to go back to where the article was before I started editing it. I have two reasons: first, I don't think I was being polite to you, Alberuni; second, it seems to be a PR battle between MAP and NGO Watch - and I want to look into any relationship to Dore Gold and that Jerusalem organization he's in.

 * I might be a sloppy editor, but at least I hope I can be honest about my own sloppiness. Let's go back to P.I.'s version for now. (Jay, will you bear with me for a day?) --user:Ed Poor (porous reed) 18:55, Nov 4, 2004 (UTC)

Dore Gold

 * "Ambassador Dore Gold is President of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. He was the eleventh Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations (1997-1999)."

This is about like referring to Carter as President Jimmy Carter. He's not the current president of the United States, but a lot of people keep using his old title.
 * That's actually correct, though. Once you're a U.S. president, your official title is ALWAYS "President So-and-So".  Saying "Ex-President So-and-So" is a big faux pas.  But I don't know if its true for other positions or countries. See also President of the United States, "After a president of the U.S. leaves office, the title "President" continues to be applied to that person the rest of his or her life.".  But this is a semi-unique element of the U.S. presidency.  Terrapin 21:22, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Googling "former President Jimmy Carter" gets 45,000 hits. "former President Carter" gets 12,800. "Jimmy Carter, former President" gets 1,680 hits. "ex-President Jimmy Carter" gets 1,720. "ex-president Carter" gets another 1,180. As for "former ambassador", that gets 94,600 hits. Jayjg 20:54, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Is there really a question about whether Gold is still or currently serving as an ambassador for Israel? --user:Ed Poor (porous reed) 19:00, Nov 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * No, there's no question about that. However, stating that he is an "Israeli Ambassador" gives the false impression that he is still serving in that role. Jayjg 20:37, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It's standard respect among English speaking people to continue applying the title even after the person leaves the post. This has been explained to Jayjg many times but he chooses to feign ignorance. --Alberuni 21:54, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Where is that rule written? Even the JCPA website has many references to him as "former ambassador" Jayjg 22:09, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Mirv's note
Just a note that I have no opinion on this dispute (at the moment, anyway); I only reverted to fix an error caused by database lag. —No-One Jones (m) 21:33, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

5 reverts for Alberuni in one day
That's five reverts for Alberuni in one day, again. Jayjg 21:58, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * There has been a great deal of zionist vandalism on this page today for some reason. Did you post it on your User page again? --Alberuni 22:04, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * What an odd comment; I've never posted this page on my user page. Bizarre! Jayjg 22:10, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Really? What's this? --Alberuni 22:46, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, you mean post a link to it, not the actual page itself. No, but since it is being ruthlessly POVd again, it is probably a good idea. Jayjg 22:52, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Disingenuous Jayjg strikes again. --Alberuni 22:57, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

NGO Monitor criticisms
NGO Monitor criticisms belong in an article about NGO monitor, not in an article about Medial Aid for Palestinians. Please keep the articles on topic. Jayjg |  (Talk)  23:27, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

"non-political, non-partisan"
The fact that MAP describes itself this way is not a significant fact about the organization itself, and certainly does not belong in the first sentence. The only reason it is being included so prominently is because NGO Monitor says it is not, in order to direct the mind of the reader. The first sentences should be used to describe what is important about the organization, and try to position the reader for conflicts described later. Jayjg |  (Talk)  15:19, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Why do you think it is more important what the notoriously pro-Israel organisation NGO Monitor thinks about MAP, than what the organisation thinks about itself? Palestine-info 21:19, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * The issue is not about which organizations view is "more important"; the issue is that "what are the important characteristics of MAP", and about writing in a NPOV way. Taking sides is simply POV. Jayjg  |  (Talk)  21:47, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

MAP itself thinks its important characteristics is "non-political", "non-partisan." Palestine-info 11:24, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Why do you think so? Jayjg |  (Talk)  15:29, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Palestine-info 21:02, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * That comes down pretty far in the list of it's claims, not front and center, as you have placed it in the article. You've obviously placed it at the very start of the article to counteract later criticisms, which is hardly NPOV.  Follow MAP's lead, and put the more important stuff first. Jayjg  |  (Talk)  21:50, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Their characterization of themselves is important. Palestine-info 10:47, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Important to you, perhaps, so you can try to undermine the cricism later in the page. However, they themselves list it quite far down on their own self-description; just about at the point it is described in this article.  Their POV is well represented here, and you are distorting this article to promote bias. Jayjg  |  (Talk)  15:28, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * the face page of the organization's web site, accessed today, http://www.map-uk.org/ourwork/ states that it is BOTH a medical and an advocacy organization. "United Kingdom MAP's London HQ is responsible for fundraising and directing the regional teams work. It also is where MAP's events and advocacy work takes place."Historicist (talk) 13:17, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Here is the Guidestar listing:

Activities Additional information provided by charity Medical Aid for Palestinians achieves its aims via a programme of health projects, based in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Lebanon and Palestinian refugee camps in the Middle East. Services Additional information provided by charity Makes grants to organisations Provides human resources Provides advocacy/advice/information

clearly, advocacy is a core mission of the group.Historicist (talk) 13:22, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Criticism
Jeez, being called political and partisan by NGO Monitor is like being called racist by the KKK. Given NGO Monitor's controversial views and history I'd say including that material is highly inappropriate. -- 86.17.211.191 (talk) 17:07, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

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NGO
This seems another NGO caught up indirectly in the so far unfounded (per EU and others) allegations of NGO monitor against 6 NGOs outlawed by Israeli authorities. The NGO is properly registered up to date charity in consultative status for long at UN and seems quite well known so fixing up this article should not prove difficult. See https://charityandsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/The-Alarming-Rise-of-Lawfare-to-Suppress-Civil-Society.pdf pp 60-61 Selfstudier (talk) 11:48, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Too vague: ‘advocacy involving’
Who did what, and when? Could someone look into this and make it clearer, please. The last sentence in the section ‘Aim and history’ refers vaguely to ‘its founder's advocacy involving a White Supremacist video by David Duke’. The two links do not work for me in the UK (footnotes 6 and 7). The Wikipedia entry on ’Ang Swee Chai’ explains a little more. In or before 2014, ‘Ang had forwarded a video’ featuring David Duke. It does not say when, looking at the Telegraph article (footnote 11). May I suggest that we (1) change the wording to say ‘the founder, Ang Swee Chai, forwarded a video’ instead of ‘advocacy involving’, and (2) add a footnote for the Telegraph article, in the ‘Medical Aid for Palestinians’ entry, and (3) if possible, find out in what year she forwarded the video. keenuck (talk) 16:56, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

 * You're correct - there is no evidence of "advocacy". I have added an archive link to the reference and updated the paragraph to reflect the source better. ResonantDistortion 00:30, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Well done, 'RD'. Much improved. keenuck (talk) 21:02, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Medical Aid for Palestinians


text:
Talk:DECtape

Patent invalidated?
I'm skeptical of the claim that DEC's US patent 3,387,293 on DECtape was invalidated.

The Patent was invalidated. A company in Maryland I believe, whose name escapes me, began making a clone and DEC sued. It was discovered DEC had provided several machines for beta testing, which was commonly done. However, they made an arrangement to sell the machine(s) to one of the beta customers. The receipt for the sale was provided as part of the discovery phase of the suit to the company that had cloned the DECtape machines. DEC had not filed for patent protection until after the beta testing was complete. The sale before the patent application invalidated the patent.

The patent covers aspects of DECtape that are nontrivially distinct from LINCtape. For instance, LINCtape was designed for bidirectional search, but DECtape was designed for bidirectional data transfer as well. This required a substantial change to the way the mark track was encoded.

Google doesn't seem to have any other references to this patent being invalidated. Does anyone have a citation to the court case, or at least know who the plaintiff was? If not, I think it should be removed from this page and the LINC page. --Brouhaha 00:44, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * No citation for the patent being invalidated has been forthcoming in almost two years, so I'm removing that claim. I also plan to reword the paragraph comparing LINCtape and DECtape, as it is far too POV at the moment.  There were legitimate reasons for some of the major differences between the two, and the patent covers those differences.  --Brouhaha 23:33, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Apparently the PTO struck a reissue application by DEC on a finding of fraud in the application, and a district court upheld that. The appeals court ruling (653 F.2d 701) vacated the district court ruling and remanded with instructions for the district court to remand to the PTO.  I haven't yet found anything regarding the eventual disposition.  --Brouhaha (talk) 18:29, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

TU 555 Microtape?
I found some "TU 555 Microtape"s in the basement that seem to contain a very early version of Tops. I'm not quite sure how these fit into the history, but I assume that they are early DECtapes made before DEC started to private label the tapes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.189.44.116 (talk) 11:58, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Microtape was just an earlier name for DECtape. The 555 (dual) and 556 (single) transports (NOT TU555!) were the predecessor of the TU55 and TU56 transports.  The controllers were 550 (PDP-1/4/7), 551 (PDP-6), and 552 (PDP-5/8).  These early controllers were not software-compatible with the later TC01/TC08 (PDP-8), TD8-E (PDP-8), TC02 (PDP-9), and TD10 (PDP-10).
 * Since DECtape (Microtape) has its origins in LINCtape, non-DEC media existed early on. 3M sold it under their own name, and DEC-branded tape was made by 3M. --Brouhaha (talk) 00:32, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

DECtape on PDP-1 and PDP-10
I'm putting back the reference to DECtapes on PDP-10s. The KA10 system that I grew up on definitely did have DECtapes. Also, the PIP10 utility on OS/8 was specifically designed to allow PDP-8s to read and write PDP-10 DECtapes.

Atlant 18:22, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, but not all PDP-10 models came with DECtapes. Alas, my decsystem10 Reference Manual doesn't explicitly say if all KA-10/KI-10 configurations included DECtapes as a standard, so I don't know about that. (According to the [configuration file], only two of the three ITS KA's at MIT had DECtapes, for what that's worth.) The KL10-B models (TOPS-20) definitely did not include DECtapes. (KL-10A's had them, but they were attached to the console PDP-11 - not sure if any OS's for the KL10-A allowed access to them from the -10.)
 * The other thing is that according to the same book, PDP-1's, -4's and -7's had them too. In other words, they were probably an available I/O option for pretty much all PDP's, so to be technically accurate we'd have to list them all, which would look silly.
 * In leaving only the 6, 8, and 11 in the list I had tried to list the older, smaller machines for which they would have been a primary mass-storage device - with their small (~300KB) size, once larger disks arrived, they wouldn't even have been useful for backup.
 * I would be OK with an edited list which didn't list all the machines that supported them, but just the ones for which they were a primary mass-storage device. Otherwise let's just link to PDP and be done with it... Noel (talk) 15:17, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I've never seen a DECtape on a PDP-1, but if you say they existed, I believe you; this link certainly supports your contention: http://groups-beta.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/browse_thread/thread/ebf63b298ba975b6/1d820bc0c5328407?q=PDP-1+dectape&_done=%2Fgroups%3Fq%3DPDP-1+dectape%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26&_doneTitle=Back+to+Search&&d#1d820bc0c5328407

as does another newsgroup posting from Bob Supnik, who'd certainly know.

On the other hand, *EVERY* photo of a KA10 and every KA10 that I've seen first-hand had DECtapes, right up above and to the right the system console (not necessarily TU56 DECtapes; sometimes the older, relay-controlled TU55 DECtapes). It's a shame I don't have a copy of the Dick Best Options/Modules list any more. :) The PDP-1 apparently had the ancient 555 'tapes.

In any case, I'd be in agreement with omitting the list of all supported platforms and just referring people out to a PDP page and, if people felt it necessary, the LINC page (although LINC is linked from the PDP page).

Atlant 17:19, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The KI10 diagnostics were supplied on DECtape; I suspect that DEC would not offer service on a KI10 without DECtape, just as they later required that KL10 systems have an RP06 to be on service. Early KL10 diagnostics were also on DECtape, but they were supplanted by the KLAD pack.

DECtape was not available until well after the introduction of the PDP-1, but was made available as an option for it. The PDP-1 being restored at the Computer History Museum includes an option to interface to an external Type 550 DECtape control.

--Brouhaha 22:06, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

A DECtape manual I have seen includes in the back a compabitily matrix. This lists every PDP family member and indicates what other PDP system's DECtape formats it can handle. So, for example, if you wanted to read a PDP-11 DECtape on a PDP-4, it would tell you whether that is possible (and how). Among other things, this implies that all PDP-n computers had DECtape capability. Paul Koning 20:38, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * No DECtape for PDP-14 and PDP-16, as far as I can tell. (Some models of PDP-14 had a PDP-8 as a front end, and obviously you could attach a DECtape to the -8.) --Brouhaha (talk) 01:05, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Tape capacity?
The blocksize is 129 12-bit words in PDP-8 format, and 256 18-bit words otherwise. The TU55 book on Bitsavers says the tape capacity (260 feet of tape) is 4096 blocks in PDP-8 format, which is 6.34 megabits. The number of blocks in the other format (PDP10/11/15 format) is 578, which translates to 2.66 megabits. This doesn't make sense. I'm positive about the 10/11/15 capacity, but the other comes from a DEC manual... did the length of the tape change? Paul Koning 20:56, 9 April 2007 (UTC) It's useful to point out that KL-10 processors came with DECtape drives, but these were connected the PDP-11 front end. They were PDP-11 style DECtapes. The only use I know for them is initial software installation. Once the SW was installed, the front end PDP-11 booted off the system disk. One DECsystem10 model the 1091, came with 8 inch floppies on the front end instead of DECtapes. Same for KL-20 based DECsystem20s. Joe Thursday (talk) 12:56, 1 February 2009 (UTC)
 * More: the TU56 maintenance manual says that the unformatted tape capacity is 2.7 megabits, density is 350 bpi, and length is 260 feet.  So the PDP10/11/15 number seems right, which makes me wonder where that other number comes from. Paul Koning 21:02, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, the PDP-8 handbook says 1474 blocks, which translates to 2.28 megabits.  That fits the other numbers, and it matches the "184k words" mentioned at the top of the article.  So the TU55 overview must be in error.  Maybe the "4096 blocks" is meant to show the max addressable block number -- 12 bit block numbers -- which could be achieved with a custom format that uses a much smaller blocksize. Paul Koning 21:28, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

DECtape 2
I wonder if it's worth describing the lack of relationship between DECtape and "DECtape II". Some of us have long believed that the name "DECtape II" was a marketing ploy to freeload off the good reputation of the original. While DECtape II is block structured, it offers none of the key features of the real thing, in particular that of reliability... It also doesn't come with a reasonable interface, and it was only supported on PDP-11 and VAX. On some at least (RSTS for example) support was as minimal as possible and was dropped as soon as possible. Paul Koning 01:04, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've always assumed that it was mostly the block-addressability that earned it the name, but I also think that the Powers That Be hoped it would become a ubiquitous diagnostic medium much as DECtape had been ubiquitous. That's why we in the hardware world built it into essentially all of the VAX and PDP systems that were released around that time (11/750, 11/730, 11/44, and 11/24), but its obvious performance limitations (especially when compared to the even-cheaper floppy disks, even RX50 floppy disks) doomed it. So by the time of MicroVAX, and MicroPDP, floppies were the universal medium.

 * Atlant 12:07, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

I don't know where to begin on this article and the discussion page since both are citing a lot of just plain wrong stuff, partial attempts to refute bad info with other inaccurate or incomplete info. Some is authoritative while some is merely well-intended but muddies the waters.

I'll just add a factoid to clear some other factoids, but I have a lot of raw facts that could go a long way to help retrieve this from chaos.

The original drives were done by an outside vendor for MIT Lincoln Labs for the original LINC. DEC purchased some themselves for the LINC-8. I know even less LINCs were made, but the highest serial number for LINC-8 is #153.

The drive logic uses relays to implement the motor controls, and they are in fact the exact same relay as is used in the LINC and LINC-8 to implement the relays involved with the LINC CPU instruction AC to Relays. Contacts are brought out as DPDT 5-way binding posts for the contacts in that usage, but they are also to be plugged into the LINCtape drives. In fact there is an old software diagnostic to check the contact bounce on the contacts so you can adjust them to work properly as they age and "stick" in use [and can be repaired].

This became the basis of the micro-tape as the old boxes called it, DECtape in the 550 seris controllers almost described properly for the 12-bit machines. The 555 and 552 indeed wind up on a PDP-5, but is not for the PDP-8, since it was completely redesigned. The PDP-5 implementation was worthless for larger memory configurations because there was no separate register for the high 3 bits of the 15-bit address space. They just kludged it to the Data field during the DMA which is preposterous because if interrupts are enabled, when you get an interrupt the DF is zeroed out. Never meant to be, but a bad kludge to try to make something semi-useful.

The PDP-8 got the TC01, a complete redo, 3-cycle data break and requires TU55 and later TU56 using the negative tape buss. The TU55 was known as the "solid-state DECtape" because it COULD be used with logic levels not associated with the grosser relay logic. However, it COULD also be configured to be backward compatible with the older relay logic controllers. [Note: The negative tape buss is also used in the PDP-12 for use with LINCtapes. That the bulk of the machine is TTL is irrelevant to this point despite what an ignoramus might assume.] The TU56 can also be configured as a positive tape buss for some applications such as PDP-11 and PDP-15 as opposed to TC02 of the PDP-9 which is negative tape buss. [The PDP-9 buss itself is negative, and vaguely comparable to the negative PDP-8 buss with bit width variations.] The TC01 got it right about those extra three address bits [and a good thing too!]. Also, the TU55 and TU56 use direct drive motors, not belt-driven as in the earlier drives. I have found a source for a replacment for surgical rubber LINC drives to get them to function today. The TU56 can also be configured without a buss, as in the TD8E configuration with the manchester reader/writer cards populating the drives, so this is not quite like any other usage, but clearly closer to the PDP-11 usage. There was to be but never marketed a PDP-8/e peripheral presumably to be called the TC8E that would have been positive ala the -11 application.

The differences between the formats may or may not be a patent issue, but in any case, Computer Operations Inc. of Beltsville, MD sold a drive that was physically more like the LINC-8 drives [or an odd one-drive layout] and they called it LINCtape, but in fact the intent was DECtape depending on what controller you hooked to it. What I heard at the time was DEC attempted to get it suppressed on the usual patent/copyright issues, but that DEC lost because it had sold to eager customers some early units before the patent application so DEC's objection was overturned. Computer Operations LINCtape was definiely successful, so something like that must have happened. It definitely got hooked to PDP-11-compatible controllers if nothing else in terms of DECtape format. However, an obscure application was to a PDP-8 positive buss peripheral that mimicked just enough of the LINC-8 tape interface that it was software compatible with the LINC-8 original even if the CPU was for example a PDP-8/L. I only have the name of the developer, Kurt Metzger of Cooley Labs in Michigan. Clearly the drive doesn't actually determine the tape format, that's the controller's job. In fact, a standard option of the PDP-12 allows software to run to read and write [but NOT format] DECtapes on the PDP-12. [Note: Metzger is one of the authors of custom modifications to the LINC-8 to accomplish the same thing on that machine. I used it in conjuntion with other hardware mods I helped design and the relevant software to take advantage of it; the net result is a superset of both Metzger's original stuff and the stuff I participated in to make it more suitable for running certain software systems on the LINC-8 such as OS/8 [and a proprietary system copyright myself which I would detail here].

OS/8 does NOT take advantage of a second tape drive per se, but a clever user can arrange for certain files to be on the other tape to save time depending on specifics of the moment. In point of fact, all swapping is ALWAYS on the first tape for all operations such as binary loading or system function overlay swapping, etc. To make overall improvement, files should be placed on other drive[s]. If you have a third drive, this allows still more functions in less time depending. [For example, you could run an editor on the system device, swapping and all, and an input file on a second tape and an output file on a third tape. Further, OS/8 has a restriction that you cannot open more than one file for output on any device, thus sophisticated operations might need to have yet another tape for some auxiliary writing such as splitting up source files, etc. Of course disk users had far less to care about in this and similar regard, etc.]

Just a smattering of some factoids. Straightening out this mess is not something I really want to do myself, but I would be glad to proof-read any attempts at reordering stuff. Contact me at CLASystems@gmail.com for any followup.

cjl

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Read/write speed?
There are many references in the article to the format being reasonably quick (certainly compared to paper tape, anyway) and usable like a slow disc drive in practice. But actually how fast was it? There's no mention anywhere. Presumably it may take a few seconds to seek through the whole tape looking for a particular block out of the ~512 (for 18-bit records/blocks) total (using simpler, broader marks on one of the tracks that could be counted off at high speed), and then another half second or so to read that actual block? (=512 words/sec raw read rate, a little less sustained when reading blocks sequentially without any further seeking, merely waiting out the small gaps between them, and rather less for full random access). That would be a significant improvement over the ~60cps (or ~20wps) of paper tape, but still grant an worthwhile advantage to a more costly drum memory or extremely expensive early hard disc system (a few dozen kwords/sec)... However, that's just an educated guess based off how tape drives appear to behave in footage of their use (rapid, jerky movements when performing actual reads/writes with maybe a couple of spurts per second, and very rapid seeking back/forth in between any sequential R/W), and their market position between the better known speeds of those other devices, so does anyone have actual information? 146.199.0.175 (talk) 15:37, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

DECtape SIZE is not mentioned by "inches"
I saw the sizes in "inches" information for the incompatible LINC tapes, but not for this tape. Did it come in 10" (10 inches) and/or other sizes? Misty MH (talk) 19:18, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:DECtape


text:
Elizabeth Weir

Elizabeth Jane Weir (born February 20, 1948) is a Canadian lawyer and politician in New Brunswick. She was elected leader of the New Democratic Party of New Brunswick in June 1988 and became an opposition voice to the Liberal government, which held all 58 seats in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.

Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Weir was educated at the University of Waterloo and the University of Western Ontario. She has taught at York University and the University of New Brunswick. Weir was first elected to the legislature in 1991 in the riding of Saint John South where she defeated Liberal John Mooney by only 78 votes. In 1995, the riding became Saint John Harbour and she was re-elected in 1995, 1999 and 2003. During that time, she was the sole New Democrat in the legislature.

In 2000, Weir released documents accessed under the Right to Information Act surrounding a $1 billion upgrade project for the Irving Oil Refinery being put in motion without being completely assessed for its environmental impact, suggesting that the government "ignored the public interest and pandered to big business."

At the 2003 federal NDP convention at which Jack Layton would be elected party leader, Weir sought the presidency of the federal party against re-offering incumbent Adam Giambrone. Midway through the convention, Giambrone and Weir decided to seek a co-presidency. Many delegates balked, especially at the assumption that they could push through a sudden constitutional change in a party often dearly concerned with internal process. The joint ticket was withdrawn, and Weir placed second after Giambrone and ahead of a candidate from the NDP Socialist Caucus.

On October 8, 2004, Weir announced that she would be stepping down from the leadership of the New Brunswick NDP but would stay on until a successor was chosen. She also pledged to run for re-election to the legislature in the next general election; however, she eventually reversed this pledge. Allison Brewer was chosen as her successor at a September 2005 leadership convention and Weir resigned her seat from the legislature on October 13, 2005 to accept the appointment to be the first president and CEO of the new New Brunswick crown corporation the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Agency.

Weir was made a Member of the Order of New Brunswick in 2021.

title: Elizabeth Weir


text:
Go Jimmy Go

Go Jimmy Go was an American ska, rocksteady, reggae and soul influenced band from Honolulu, Hawaii. Although chronologically, the band belongs to the third-wave, their mellow, slower tempo sound is reminiscent of the classic style of the original 1960s Jamaican first wave of ska.

History
Go Jimmy Go was formed in 1996 during the height of the third-wave ska craze by Larry Gordon and Cameron Wright during the weekly Ska Night at a club then known as The Vibe at the renowned Puck's Alley near the University of Hawaii. Several of the regulars of Ska Night had discussed forming a band which would be Hawaii's answer to the thriving "traditional ska" scene. After several false starts and frequent jam sessions featuring a rotating cast of trial members, a small core emerged consisting of Wright on bass guitar, Gordon on alto saxophone and vocals, Eric White on tenor saxophone, Ian Ashley on guitar and Tyson Balmores on drums, with several musicians rotating in and out of the lineup to fill in at various positions. "We had so many members come and go that first year. We were picky from the start," remembered White. "By the second year, we must have had about 20 total members pass through." These included a trio of female back-up singers, an organist and a trumpeter.

From the beginning it was decided by the band that Go Jimmy Go's sound would be more influenced by early ska and rocksteady pioneers such as The Maytals, The Wailers, The Skatalites, Alton Ellis, Ken Boothe and more recently L.A.'s Hepcat. Eventually soul music, rocksteady, reggae, funk and even Hawaiian began to blend seamlessly with the band's sound, reflecting the many musical influences of the core members. The band decided that a focus on original music as opposed to covers would set them apart from many of the traditional ska groups currently performing on the scene. "Egyptian Ska", "Mafioso", and "Jericho" were early favorites that were staple tunes in GJG's early set.

In 1997, a turning point came when Go Jimmy Go was introduced to Santa Barbara roots reggae favorites Dynamic Pressure, who had recently relocated to the islands. However, the stress of maintaining the band, playing shows and living in a new state were too much and Dynamic Pressure unfortunately disbanded. The premature demise of the group led to former lead singer Jason "Bison" Friedmann being offered a spot in Go Jimmy Go.

During a show at the Karaoke Ninja House in Honolulu, guitarist Tino Olsen was invited to join the Go Jimmy Go. Olsen's strong song writing and vocal skills were a valuable asset to the group and led to many great GJG songs featuring a solid three part harmony that further strengthened the band's sound.

1998 was an important year for Go Jimmy Go as several high-profile gigs, including the Spring Skalabration, which featured Go Jimmy Go along with ska superstars Hepcat, Save Ferris, and Dance Hall Crashers helped cement the band as Hawaii's premier ska act. Several compilation CDs were released nationally on Stubborn Records and Steadybeat featuring Go Jimmy Go, which helped expose the band to a much wider audience. 1998 also saw the departure of Gordon from the group, as well early studio sessions which helped expose the band to a studio setting, helping pave the way for the group's debut CD "Slow Time".

Much of 1999 was spent in studio working on "Slow Time" as trombonist Fernando Pacheco joined the group.

2000: Full-length debut album "Slow Time" released independently to coincide with their first-ever tour. "Slow Time CD Release and Tour Sendoff Party" at Hawaiian Hut—sold out (1,000+ attendees)! Go Jimmy Go and Deal's Gone Bad teamed up for a West Coast US tour which culminated in their final show at the Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood.

2001: Former Red Session drummer Shon Gregory joined the band. Re-released edition of "Slow Time" via Jump Up! Records in Chicago, IL. 5th Anniversary Party at Hawaiian Hut—sold out (1,000+ attendees). "Soul Arrival" EP released. 2nd West Coast Tour.

2002: 2nd full-length album, "Soul Arrival," released on Moon Room Records. "Soul Arrival" CD Release Party at Hawaiian Hut—sold out (1,000+ attendees). Played the Western half (17 dates) of the Van's Warped Tour 2002. Main support for No Doubt "Rocksteady Tour" at sold out Blaisdell Arena (8,000 attendees).

2003: "Ska Summit 2003" Tour.

2004: Go Jimmy Go become full-time musicians and start touring the US coast to coast. "Slow Time" re-released on Moon Room Records with unreleased tracks and re-mastered by Chris Murray. Three US tours.

2005: Go Jimmy Go - Releases "Bang The Skillet" & "Super Sonic", on Rivercidal Syndicate Record's "Primosonic Rhythms Vol. 2" V/A Compilation "Islands Sounds" GJG compilation CD released in Japan under Disk Union/Ska in the World Records. 1st Japan Tour. Go Jimmy Go's third full-length studio album "The Girl With The Fishbowl Eyes" released on Moon Room Records. "The Girl with the...Fishbowl Eyes" Summer Tour. Van's Warped Tour 2005 Midwest dates. Co-headlined Ska Is Dead 3 Tour w/ The Toasters and Mustard Plug.

2006: Celebrates 10th Anniversary with a sold-out show at Hawaiian Hut (1,000+ attendees). "Set Me Free" music video is recorded and released. Ska Brawl US Tour co-headline with The Toasters. Pressure Points US Tour supporting John Brown's Body.

2007: Ska Brawl Europe Tour co-headlining with The Toasters—39 straight shows, 13 countries. Moon Ska World release " The Girl With The Fishbowl Eyes " in the United Kingdom. "Holiday Hell Yeah!" released on Moon Room Records as Go Jimmy Go's 4th full-length album. "Holiday Hell Yeah!" released in Japan under the Disk Union/Ska in the World Record label.

2008: Kokua Festival 2008 w/ Jack Johnson, Dave Matthews—2 nights, sold out at the Waikiki Shell. Hawaiian Punch Europe Tour—headlining tour in support of Euro compilation debut of "Essentials" from Scorcha Records.

2009: Hawaiian Punch Asia Tour in Japan, China and Hong Kong. Go Jimmy Go's self-titled and 5th full-length album released on Go Jimmy Go Music (US) and Disk Union/Ska in the World Records (Japan). "Head Up High" music video recording while touring Japan and released. Space 5-0 Tour co-headlining with The Phenomenauts on the West Coast US—the last tour.

2011: 15th Anniversary show.

2016: Go Jimmy Go celebrated its 20th anniversary and farewell show with a live retrospective of the band's studio catalog featuring members past and present on stage together for a final performance at The Republik in Honolulu. This final performance is the basis of a Fall 2019 feature-length documentary covering the history of Go Jimmy Go, the Hawaii underground music scene, and the emergence of ska in the '90s.

2023: Band member Larry Gordon passed away at age 48 on July 1, 2023. He was 48.

Band members

 * Jason "Bison" Friedmann (Lead Vocals) [1998 to 2016]
 * Andrew McClellan (Lead Guitar, Bass) [2002-2005, 2010 to 2016]
 * Ian Ashley (Rhythm Guitar, Vocals) [founding member, 1996 to 2016]
 * Shon Gregory (Drums, Backup Vocals) [1999 to 2016]
 * Eric White (Tenor Saxophone) [founding member, 1996 to 2016]
 * Brandon Hutson (Trombone/Keys) [2009 to 2016]
 * Tyson Balmores (Drums, Founding Member) [1996-1998, 1999-2000]
 * Cameron Wright (Bass, Founding Member) [1996-2007]
 * Larry Gordon (Alto Saxophone, Vocals, Founding Member) [1996-1998]
 * Tino Olsen (Lead and Rhythm Guitar, Vocals) [1997-2002]
 * Jolene Kim (Lead Vocals) [1997-1998]
 * Amos Zollo (Drums) [1998-1999]
 * Lindy Patterson (Percussion) [1997-1999]
 * Fernando Pacheco (Trombone) [1999-2007]
 * Jayder Kalk (Bass, Vocals) [2007-2010]
 * Ryan Kunimura (Trombone) [2007-2009]
 * Mike Best (Trumpet, Vocals) [1996-1997]

Studio albums

 * Slow Time (Go Jimmy Go Music - 2000, Jump Up! Records - 2001, MoonRoom Records - 2004)
 * Soul Arrival (Moon Room Records - 2002)
 * The Girl With the...Fishbowl Eyes (Moon Room Records - 2005)
 * Holiday Hell Yeah! (Moon Room Records - 2007)
 * Go Jimmy Go (Go Jimmy Go Music - 2009)

International releases

 * Islands Sounds (Ska in the World Records - 2005)
 * Primosonic Rhythms Vol. 2 (Rivercidal Syndicate Records - 2005)
 * The Girl With the...Fishbowl Eyes (Moon Ska World Records - 2007)
 * Holiday Hell Yeah! (Ska in the World Records - 2007)
 * Essentials (Scorcha Records - 2008)
 * Go Jimmy Go (Ska in the World Records - 2008)

Cassette

 * Live on KTUH (Pressure House Music 1997)

Live albums

 * Frequency 90.3 FM (Hawaiian Express Records - 1999)
 * Live on the Ska Parade (Pressure House Music - 2001)
 * A Hui Hou: 20th Anniversary & Farewell Show (Go Jimmy Go LLC- 2016)

EP

 * Songs From The Upcoming Album: Soul Arrival (Pressure House Music - 2001)

DVDs

 * Camp Ska (Enjoy Yourself Records - 2003)
 * ''Bluebeat Lounge Goes OC" (Sluggo Productions - 2005)

title: Go Jimmy Go


text:
Combe, Devon

Combe, Devon may refer to various places in Devon, England:

 * Combe, Buckfastleigh, Devon
 * Combe, Yealmpton, Devon
 * Combe Fishacre
 * Combe Martin
 * Combe Pafford
 * Combe Raleigh

title: Combe, Devon


text: User talk:68.204.229.168

title: User talk:68.204.229.168


text:
Category:Hunterdon County, New Jersey

Articles and categories related to Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

title: Category:Hunterdon County, New Jersey