text:
Nissan GA engine

The GA engine is a 1.3 to 1.6 L inline-four piston engine from Nissan. It has a cast-iron block and an aluminum head. There are SOHC and DOHC versions, 8, 12, and 16 valve versions, carbureted, single-point, and multi-point injected versions, and versions with variable valve timing (GA16DE). The GA was produced from August 1987 through 2013. Since 1998, it was only available from Mexico in the B13.

In the code of the engine, the first two initials indicate engine class, the two numbers indicate engine displacement (in decilitres), the last two initials indicate cylinder-head style and induction type (D=DOHC, S=carburetor, E=injection). In the case of a single-initial suffix, the initial indicates induction type.

GA13S
The GA13S is a SOHC 1295 cc engine, carbureted, with 12 valves.

GA13DS
The GA13DS is a DOHC 1295 cc engine with a carburetor. It produces 86 PS at 6000 rpm and 104 Nm at 3600 rpm. Bore and stroke are 71x81.8 mm.

Applications:
 * 1990 Nissan Sunny
 * 1993 Nissan Sentra B13 series in LEC model (Philippines).
 * 1998 Nissan Sentra B14 series in FE model (Philippines).
 * 1994 Nissan AD

GA13DE
The GA13DE is a 1295 cc engine with DOHC and electronic gasoline injection. Bore and stroke are 71x81.8 mm. It produces 85 PS at 6000 rpm and 109 Nm at 4400 rpm. It was used in the 1995-1999 Nissan Sunny.

GA14S
The GA14S is a 1392 cc engine, SOHC, carbureted, with 12 valves. It produces 79 hp at 6200 rpm and 111 Nm at 4000 rpm. .It was used in the B12 Sentra and the N13 Sunny/Sentra. Compression ratio is 9.4:1.

GA14DS
The GA14DS is a 1392 cc 16V DOHC engine with carburetor and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. It produces 75 PS at 6000 rpm and 112 Nm at 4000 rpm. Redline is at 6500 rpm. Catalyzed models come with electronically controlled carburetors. In this version the most common problem is the air/fuel ratio solenoid in the carburetor.

Applications:
 * 1990-1998 Nissan Sunny N14
 * 1990-1994 Nissan Sunny B13 (Export models)
 * 1992-1995 Nissan Sentra B13 Series JX and EX models (Philippines).
 * 1996-1997 Nissan Sentra B14 series EX models (Philippines).

GA14DE
The GA14DE is a 1392 cc 16V DOHC fuel injection engine. The bore x stroke is the same as for other GA14 family engines: 73.6x81.8 mm. It produces 87 PS at 6000 rpm and 116 Nm at 4000 rpm. Redline is at 7200 rpm.

Applications:
 * 1992-1995 Nissan Sunny N14
 * 1996-2000 Nissan Sentra B14 series EX models (Philippines)
 * 1999 Nissan Sentra (South Africa)
 * 1995-2001 Almera/Pulsar N15

GA15
The GA15 family displaces 1497 cc engine from a bore and stroke of 73.6 mm and 88 mm respectively.

GA15S
The GA15S is a SOHC 1497 cc engine, carbureted, with 12 valves. It produces 85 PS at 6000 rpm and 123 Nm at 3600 rpm.

GA15DS
The GA15DS is a 1497 cc 16V DOHC engine with a carburetor. It produces 94 PS at 6000 rpm and 126 Nm at 3600 rpm.

Applications:

 * 1990-1993 Nissan Sunny
 * 1990-1993 Nissan Pulsar
 * 1990-1994 Nissan NX Coupé (JDM)
 * 1990-1997 Nissan Wingroad & AD van.

GA15E
The GA15E is a 1497 cc multi point fuel injected SOHC engine. It produces 97 PS at 6000 rpm and 128 Nm at 4400 rpm. It was used in the Nissan Pulsar, including such models as the 1988 X1-E Milano (JDM).

GA15DE
The GA15DE is a 1497 cc engine with DOHC 16-valves (4 per cylinder) and electronic multi-point fuel injection. It was introduced in December 1993 and uses Nissan's ECCS engine control system admission. In Japanese market passenger car specification it produces 105 PS at 6000 rpm and 135 Nm at 4000 rpm. Commercial vehicle-spec engines (AD Van) produce 100 PS at 6000 rpm and 127 Nm at 4000 rpm.

Applications:
 * 1995-1998 B14 Nissan Sunny
 * 1995-2000 N15 Nissan Pulsar/Nissan Lucino, R11 Nissan Presea (JDM)
 * 1994-2000 Nissan Rasheen
 * 1995-1999 Y10 Nissan Wingroad/Nissan AD Van
 * 1997-1999 Subaru Leone Van (rebadged Y10)
 * 1997-1999 Mazda Familia Van (rebadged Y10)

GA16S
The GA16S is a 1597 cc SOHC engine with a bore and stroke of 76x88 mm. The GA16S has twelve valves, solid valve rockers, and is fitted with a carburetor. It produces 95 PS (without a catalyst). For some markets, such as South Africa, there was also an eight-valve version which produces 85 PS at 5500 rpm. In the New Zealand market N13 Sentra, it produces 92 hp at 6000 rpm and 133 Nm at 3200 rpm, with a compression ratio of 9.4:1.

GA16DS
The GA16DS is a 1597 cc carbureted only engine with a 16-valve DOHC head. Models equipped with a catalyst use the electronically controlled carburetor. It produces between 89 hp and 95 hp. Without catalyst produces 95 hp.

 * Applications:
 * 1990-1993 Nissan Primera P10
 * 1990-1993 Nissan Sunny N14
 * 1990-1993 Nissan 100NX B13
 * 1990-1997 Nissan Avenir Cargo
 * 1992-1996 Nissan Bluebird U13

This engine was also fitted to the Nissan Sunny B13 from Japan, called the EX Saloon.

GA16i
The GA16i is a 1597 cc throttle-body fuel-injected engine produced from August 1987 through June 1990, which produces 90 hp. It is a single-cam, 12-valve design, with manually adjustable rocker arms. 1989 and 1990 North-American market Sentras and European N13 Sunnys received the hydraulic-rocker version which produced 92 hp and 130 Nm of torque.

Applications:
 * 1989-1990 Nissan Sentra
 * 1989-1990 Nissan Pulsar

GA16E
The GA16E is a 1597 cc multi-point fuel injected SOHC engine. It produces 110 hp.

GA16DE

The GA16DE is a 1597 cc engine produced from November 1990 through 1999. All GA16DEs have 16 valves and a DOHC head. There are three versions: the North-American first-generation (1991–1994) NVCS (VTC), which produces 110 hp at 6000 rpm and 146 Nm at 4000 rpm, the North-American second-generation (1995-1999) NVCS (VTC), which produces 115 hp at 6000 rpm and 146 Nm at 4000 rpm, and a European non-NVCS (VTC) version which makes 102 hp.

The two variants of the North American NVCS engine are distinguished as such: in addition to differences in the intake manifolds and (resultantly) the heads, earlier motors used pistons with two compression rings and a single oil ring and put out five less horsepower, while later GA16DEs have a single compression ring and a single oil ring. Some engines have siamesed exhaust manifolds, while others keep the exhausts separated until the catalytic converter.

The GA16DE shares its block and crankshaft with the GA16i; however, their timing chain covers, connecting rods and pistons are different. Despite this, it is possible to interchange connecting-rod/piston assemblies between the GA16i and GA16DE with no damage to the valve-train.

Earlier ECUs contained the fuel & ignition maps on a discrete ROM microcontroller, making retuning relatively easy. Later ECUs integrated the maps onto a larger, more integrated microcontroller's firmware, making retuning require the use of a daughterboard.

Applications:
 * 1993-1996 Nissan NX1600 B13
 * 1991-1994 Nissan Sentra B13
 * 1994-1995 Nissan 100NX B13 (UK)
 * 1991-1994 Nissan Presea R10
 * 1995-1999 Nissan Sentra B14
 * 1995-1999 Nissan 200SX B14
 * 1995-1999 Nissan Almera N15
 * 1990-1999 Nissan Pulsar N14/N15
 * 1993-1999 Nissan Primera P10/P11
 * 10/1992-07/1995 Nissan Sunny Traveller N14 / Nissan Wingroad Y10
 * 1999-2001 Nissan Exalta Philippines
 * 1995-1999 Nissan Vanette Cargo.

GA16DNE
The GA16DNE is a Mexican-specification 1597 cc engine, which produces 105 hp. The main differences between the DE and DNE are no NVCS (VTC) and no ECCS plenum. The DNE has a vertical throttle body with an MAF inside; the air filter is diagonally oriented in its air filter housing. Since 2003, the DNE comes with a new ECU and 3 oxygen sensors.

The "N" in its nomenclature stands for "New EGI" (emission system), since this engine does not have an EGR system like the GA16DE. Other Nissan engines with the "N" nomenclature are natural gas powered.

Applications:
 * 1998-2004 Nissan Tsubame Y10 (Mexico)
 * 1996-2000 Nissan Sentra B14
 * 1996-2000 Nissan Sentra B14 Super Saloon/Super Touring/GST
 * 1998-2011 Nissan Tsuru B13
 * 1998-2002 Nissan Sentra N14 (South Africa)
 * 1998-2002 Nissan Sabre N14 (South Africa)
 * 1996-1999 Nissan Sentra B14 (Philippines)
 * 1996-1999 Nissan Sentra B14 (Malaysia)
 * 1995-1999 Nissan Serena C23 (European)

title: Nissan GA engine


text:
Talk:Ji Pengfei

Untitled
Below moved to talk from article:

Please replace the following with English translation.

中國山西臨猗人. 又名吉洛. 1931年參加寧都起義，參加中國工農紅軍. 1933年加入中國共產黨. 歷任紅軍第五軍團衛生部部長、軍委衛生部副部長、後方衛生部部長. 抗日戰爭時期，歷任新四軍第三旅政治委員，蘇中軍區副政治委員兼政治部主任. 解放戰爭時期，歷任第七縱隊司令員兼政治委員，中共蘇中區黨委書記、蘇中軍區政委，第七兵團副政治委員兼政治部主任. 中華人民共和國建立後，歷任駐德意志民主共和國大使，外交部副部長、部長.

1978年後，歷任全國人大常委會副委員長兼秘書長，國務院副總理兼秘書長，國務院機關黨組書記、國務委員，港澳辦公室主任，中共中央對外聯絡部部長等職. 中共第十、十一屆中央委員，十二、十三屆中央顧問委員會常務委員. 2000年2月10日卒於北京. .

Questioning of a category the article is in
Why is Ji in Category:Political office-holders in Hong Kong? He worked at the Hong Kong Affairs Office in Beijing during Hong Kong's colonial period, as far as I can tell. — A L T E R C A R I ✍ 15:21, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ji Pengfei


text:
Talk:American Atheists

Gearing up for major overhaul
This will be my working version for the main page, just to keep everything nice. --User:Sunborn 01:21, 1 October 2004 (UTC)

Affiliated groups
--User:Sunborn 01:21, 1 October 2004 (UTC)

POV tag, 6 April 2006
This smells of poisoning the well to me.

 * "Ironically" to whom? WP:WTA.
 * "...amid rumors that the O'Hairs had actually absconded with organization funds and $500,000 in gold coins and fled to New Zealand..." could use a citation/verification.
 * "the acerbic Madalyn Murray O'Hair (once touted as the most hated woman in America,) who reportedly delighted in confronting and insulting "Christers" as she liked referring to Christians." verification, acerbic to whom?

--Christopherlin 02:43, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Ironically means something that one does not expect. The article says that society believed that a person who won a supreme court action would change their position 2π around after the fact. I don't know if we can do that, if you don't like it, remove it.
 * citation/verification -->> ABC News, July 22, 1999
 * removed There was only evidence to support the "Christers" as she liked referring to Christians. Which couldn't stand on its own, so I removed it. The location sentance belongs at the top anyway.
 * I await your removal of the POV tag
 * -- metta, The Sunborn  20:54, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your edits. I was going to look through the history of the article (when I had more time) to see if any users or IPs were pushing a particular POV. Feel free to check that out.
 * The thing with "ironically" is that it imparts and editorial POV. Maintaining NPOV is difficult. It makes you second-guess your usual writing style. In short, (ideally) your own personal biases should not be discerned from your edits. WP can include facts about opinions, but in a balanced context. Yeah. Kind of weird.
 * I'm not sure if it's "my job" to remove the POV tag, as I was the one to tag the article such. --Christopherlin 06:31, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I added the citations. GeorgeC 18:07, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Considering of the originally 3 statements made by Christopherlin, none have been resolved; and that not http://www.thetrog.com/mmohair/mmohair.html nor http://dunamai.com/ are credible, NPOV sources, (they should be viewed by those on this talk page) this article should definately retain its NPOV status. The article concerns John Kerry a little too much. Although the fact that he voted against the Newdow verdict should be included (and is sited very well), remember the article is about the Organization American Atheists, not Madalyn Murray O'Hair or John Kerry. Concentration on what the group has done, in terms of marches, fundraisers, protests, lawsuits, etc. would be much more apporpriate for such an article. 須藤 14:52, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Good call, the paragraph that reads:

 * Ironically, William J. Murray, on whose behalf Murray v. Curlett was filed, became a born again Christian, an evangelical Baptist and announced it on Mother's Day, 1980. It caused a lifelong, unresolved rift between Murray and his acerbic mother, who despised "dirty Christers." [1]. "One could call this a postnatal abortion on the part of a mother, I guess; I repudiate him entirely and completely for now and all times. He is beyond human forgiveness," she said. [2]

 * is completely POV (and unencyclopedic) and would have to be re-worded as it currently stands.-- metta, The Sunborn  00:10, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Weasel Words
From the article :

''William Murray has contradicted his mother (and some would say himself)

Who says this? What are their names? Is there a source for these comments? Serenaacw 02:10, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Jon and Robin who?
No mention is made of Jon and Robin before the statement that they disappeared in the article. Who are they? blahpers 18:36, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Jon is Madalyn's son (by a different husband than William's father). Robin is William's daughter and thus Madalyn's grand-daughter, and most of her later childhood, she actually was raised by Madalyn.  (My source is William's book "My Life Without God."  A Christian I met my first year in college asked me if I would read the book, and I did.  I gave it a try and it actually turned out to be kind of okay.  Now, a straight-forward narrative of someone who has lived an interesting life, and who lets their voice come through in the writing, you can't go too far wrong.)   FriendlyRiverOtter 08:21, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Cutting both Madalyn and William some slack
People change. That’s okay. Just like someone raised in a religious family might become an atheist, someone raised in a nonreligious family might get religion. That’s okay, that should be accepted. From William’s book, he really did struggle with a drinking problem, and he also had unhappy relationships. What he didn’t talk about, and which later struck me as significant, was that the 1970s was a flat period economically (significant downturns at the very least in ’73 and ’75). So, many talented young people with a lot to offer, may have struggled to get jobs, and may have blamed themselves for lack of success. And this can make other areas of your life more difficult. And plus, although we might look at these kinds of reasons, what religion means to him intellectually, and in the heart, should not be discounted. If we’re really to have a conversation, we must strive to really listen, even if it seems like we’re heard it all before, and that’s the hardest part (or be willing to make such effort for someone we really care about).

Madalyn was pretty hardcore ideologically. I don’t know if I would have liked to live with her. Even if he was rebelling, that’s okay. It sounds like she may not have been with him at times he needed her. Or she took too much just the intellectual aspect of life, to the exclusion of the emotional aspect and everything else.

(For parents who don’t think much of religion, I think a good way is to kind of innoculate your kids. Go with them to visit a variety of churches, and even mosques, synagogues, and Buddhist temples.  You might even tell them, ‘Some people believe these stories are really true, other people believe they’re made up  .  .  .’)  FriendlyRiverOtter 09:39, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia talk pages exist for discussing changes to their associated articles, not as a general forum for comments about the articles' subjects. Please try to stay on topic. Thanks. -- Schaefer (talk) 10:40, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I ask you to consider that we may be hindered by misplaced formality. How could Madalyn disown her son, and in such a harsh, public way at that?  The article doesn’t discuss this at all.  It just kind of clunks it down there.  And then it clunks off to another topic.  And our article is not bad, ours is a thoroughly average wikipedia article.  So, the problem is kind of the wikipedia context.  Instead of viewing the rules as guidelines in service of clear communication, we seem to take them much too literally.

 * If a half dozen of us were talking in any kind of casual context, say on vacation taking a long afternoon walk along the beach, or on a work project and then having a fun pot luck evening and a movie night at someone’s house, we could really have a discussion. And I think we could really hash out the topic and make some progress.  Gee, did Madalyn and her son really have some history?  Or, maybe it’s an example of someone making great humanistic statements in public and then treating their family like shit, and there’s a lot of examples of that!

 * A good movie with a good screenplay is taking the human storytelling ability and making it even better, the conventions of the art are working in our favor. The same is true for a good documentary.  But in wikipedia, the conventions seem to working against us.  We need to tell the human story, and we are letting things stand in the way, we are letting things clutter the process.

 * I like the concept of narrative arc. Once you look at a bunch of facts, you find the narrative arc and you tell it in natural storytelling fashion.  Someone else might find a different narrative arc and tell it in a different section.  That’s fine, that will make for a richer article.   FriendlyRiverOtter 08:57, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Atheist "believes"?
GeorgeC editing this page back on 10:16, 1 March 2006 and added text: "Your petitioners are atheists, and they define their lifestyle as follows:

An atheist loves himself and his fellow man instead of a god. An atheist thinks that heaven is something for which we should work for now — here on earth — for all men together to enjoy. An atheist accepts that he can get no help through prayer but that he must find in himself the inner conviction and strength to meet life, to grapple with it, subdue and enjoy it. An atheist thinks that only in knowledge of himself and a knowledge of his fellow man can he find the understanding that will help to a life of fulfillment.

Therefore, he seeks to know himself and his fellow man rather than to 'know' a god. An atheist knows that a hospital should be built instead of a church. An atheist knows that a deed must be done instead of a prayer said. An atheist strives for involvement in life and not escape into death.

He wants disease conquered, poverty vanquished, war eliminated. He wants man to understand and love man. He wants an ethical way of life. He knows that we cannot rely on a god nor channel action into prayer nor hope for an end of troubles in a hereafter. He knows that we are our brothers' keepers in that we are, first, keepers of our lives; that we are responsible persons, that the job is here and the time is now." This doesn't jive with what is on the American Atheist web site. It's similar but not quite. You'll find the word "belief" and a lot of the word "believes" in this version but not found in GeorgeC's version: (from http://www.atheists.org/Atheism)

“Your petitioners are Atheists and they define their beliefs as follows. An Atheist loves his fellow man instead of god. An Atheist believes that heaven is something for which we should work now – here on earth for all men together to enjoy.

An Atheist believes that he can get no help through prayer but that he must find in himself the inner conviction, and strength to meet life, to grapple with it, to subdue it and enjoy it.

An Atheist believes that only in a knowledge of himself and a knowledge of his fellow man can he find the understanding that will help to a life of fulfillment.

He seeks to know himself and his fellow man rather than to know a god. An Atheist believes that a hospital should be built instead of a church. An Atheist believes that a deed must be done instead of a prayer said. An Atheist strives for involvement in life and not escape into death. He wants disease conquered, poverty vanquished, war eliminated. He wants man to understand and love man.

He wants an ethical way of life. He believes that we cannot rely on a god or channel action into prayer nor hope for an end of troubles in a hereafter.

He believes that we are our brother's keepers; and are keepers of our own lives; that we are responsible persons and the job is here and the time is now.”

This needs to be cited in light of the differences. Is there a court doc to cite?

GeorgeC's or American Atheists web site? G Goldring 04:25, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It should be noted that not all atheists would agree with the above statement and reject any definition of atheism beyond the rejection of belief in the supernatural, and that beyond that, atheists do not necessarily hold any other beliefs in common.Bostoner (talk) 01:54, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

A technote
Reflists with 3 columns give 74 lines of references, but reflists with 2 columns "contraintuitively" gives 65 lines of references. That is of course because a 3 columns reflist gives more newlines per word, and thus shorter lines. In case someone wondered why I made a "testing" change from 3 columns to 2, that is. ... said: Rursus ( m bork³ ) 18:20, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

POV?
"American Atheists is an organization in the United States dedicated to defending the civil liberties of atheists and advocating for the complete separation of church and state."

Definitely POV in my view; the words "dedicated" and "defending" should be reworded, and to talk about the "complete seperation of church and state" is to imply that the current seperation isn't good enough, and that the church is part of the state.--86.179.212.200 (talk) 15:46, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Almost all political organizations define themselves in terms that are subjective and which could be disputed by a neutral party. Perhaps it would be better to phrase it "defines itself as an organization that is dedicated to..." Many Americans, esp. atheists, do not consider the separation of religion and state to be complete because of such things as prayer in Congress, "In God We Trust" on the coins, and a host of other issues. Most atheists I have known agree with this position but consider these transgressions to be so minor that they are not worth pursuing.Bostoner (talk) 01:54, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Goals
Is one of their goals to undermine the credibility of Christianity? I added a quote, which is cited by Don Batten and Jonathan Sarfati in an article called "How Religiously Neutral are the Anti-Creationist Organisations?"

These writers claim that atheists are using Evolution to promote a materialistic framework of thinking so that rejection of Biblical Christianity will logically follow.

My question, as it relates to improving this article, is whether this imputed goal is an actual goal. In particular, I am wondering whether this imputation should be added to the present article ... or to some other similar article? --Uncle Ed (talk) 18:41, 17 April 2010 (UTC)

 * If you can find a reliable source that claims they seem to have that as a goal, then include it. I would think that promoting atheism necessarily means undermining the credibility of all religions, so it wouldn't surprise me if that's one of the goals of American Atheists, but I can't speak for the organization. Note that American Atheists isn't specifically an anti-creationist organization, and it has never claimed to be "religiously neutral". thx1138 (talk) 15:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

David Silverman
Pretty sure the link to David Silverman in the presidents section is wrong. 60.160.78.236 (talk) 09:01, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

AronRa
"AronRa" redirects here, but is not mentioned in the article. He is apparently a real person. Should the redirect be deleted? —Torontonian1 (talk) 10:45, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

 * That is merely a nickname, which may eventually redirect to an actual biography here, but so far no one has found him notable enough (aka wiki standards), nor found the time to make such an article to see if it would "stick". The editor who only had the strength to create the re-direct, probably based it upon Mr Nelson being listed on their State Directors listing for Texas, but it is without indication of term instantiation, nor term(s) served, nor currency of said term ( honorary ? for life ? expired ?).   WurmWoode  T   09:48, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

American Atheists Announces Inaugural ‘EVOLVE Awards’winners include Doctor Who, The Good Wife, Mythbusters, Friendly Atheist, Symphony of Science

 * American Atheists Announces Inaugural ‘EVOLVE Awards’ May 30, 2013.84.152.54.148 (talk) 11:26, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

Jennifer Love Hewitt is not an Atheist
As I said on the Jennifer Love Hewitt talk page, she has said on several interviews that she is spiritual and loves god. She has also stated that she is Roman Catholics. Therefore, I'm going to remove her name from this articleTim Correll (talk) 15:31, 22 November 2016 (UTC)10:31 Eastern Standard TimeTim Correll (talk) 15:31, 22 November 2016 (UTC)

Problem with the title
As it is called the American Atheists Organisation, should it be moved there? Gary "Roach" Sanderson (talk) 22:12, 13 February 2017 (UTC)
 * They seem to mostly refer to themselves as "American Atheists", as well as most sources. Should be kept where it is. ~ Super  Hamster  Talk Contribs 03:19, 9 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I can find little reference to "American Atheists Organisation" with a capital O. Do you have a source for this alternate name? --2600:1008:B04D:71D5:5980:1AD4:B2A9:E1B9 (talk) 00:11, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

'Court cases' bias
The section on court cases currently lists those which AA won, not those which were lost. For the sake of objective balance, both should be included. --2600:1008:B04D:71D5:5980:1AD4:B2A9:E1B9 (talk) 00:25, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

The American Atheists' logo controversy
These religious pseudo-atheists deified a mistaken logo used by the United States Atomic Energy Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency who also based their designs on the archaic and erroneous Rutherford Model. Some paleo-atheists care about mimicking influential institutions more than being analytical. Probability is crucial for the actual atheist, studying it is a major atheistic value. Guaranteeing that a mistake remains eternally, not only isn't an atheistic value, but the exact opposite of atheism, especially when that MAJOR mistake takes the place of a Probabilistic symbol. Logotypes are crucial for a movement, and true atheists accept the evolution even of their ideas, if better data occur. Our atheoleaders don't evolve to accept officially the probabilistic orbitals. Some artists depict the probabilistic density via the usage of raster, others vary the weights of parallel lines etc. There are many ways to depict probabilistic density. The future non-metaphysical mental battle will be amongst paleo-atheists who don't evolve, and probabilistic atheists. Rejecting a Probabilistic symbol and putting instead in its place a famous - used by great others - archaic mistake, is the most religious thing an old fellow can do, even if (s)he farts atheism in you face! Don't fart, atheistically! ACT atheistically! Old people are boring... but they rule.... The article doesn't reveal that issue(s). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:4115:CA00:881C:D36A:1128:44BA (talk) 22:35, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

Nick Fish is now president of American Atheists
Nick Fish was named the president of American Atheists, Inc. as of September 6, 2018. — Preceding unsigned comment added by XaurreauX (talk • contribs) 23:32, 19 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I added this to the article.Knox490 (talk) 00:55, 26 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I used the American Atheists website as a source. After the David Silverman firing, the atheist Ed Brayton (co-founder of Freethought Blogs) expressed disappointment that American Atheists didn't choose a woman to replace him.. If a reliable source could be found regarding some various notable atheists being disappointed regarding the choice of the new president, perhaps this could be added to the article.Knox490 (talk) 08:07, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

Static, non-evolving religious symbol based on fame and not on being correct (there are ways to stylize orbitals with curvy raster of changing weighted lines)
non-American atheist or American Atheist but not part of the anti-quantum scam = orbitalist = one who supports quantum theory and the atomic orbitals = against the updated Rutherford model of the atom which is stylized as the essence of the non-profit organization "American Atheists" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:4104:9438:BCC4:C02A:A71C:6BC2 (talk) 04:17, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:American Atheists


text: User talk:69.23.78.89

title: User talk:69.23.78.89


text:
Bit part

In acting, a bit part is a role in which there is direct interaction with the principal actors and no more than five lines of dialogue, often referred to as a five-or-less or under-five in the United States, or under sixes in British television, or a walk-on part with no dialogue.

A bit part is a credited higher billing than that of an extra and lower than that of a supporting actor. An actor who regularly performs in bit roles, either as a hobby or to earn a living, is referred to as a bit player, which is also a term to describe an aspiring actor who has not yet broken into supporting or leading roles.

Unlike extras, who do not typically interact with principals, actors in bit parts are sometimes listed in the credits. An exception to this practice is the cameo appearance, wherein a well-known actor or other celebrity appears in a bit part; it is common for such appearances to be uncredited.

In MGM's 1951 screen version of the musical Show Boat, the role of the cook Queenie (Frances E. Williams) was reduced from a significant supporting role in the stage version to a bit part in the film. Williams, whose appearance was not intended as a cameo, was not listed at all in the credits. On the other hand, William Warfield, whose role as Joe, Queenie's husband, was also drastically shortened in the film from the stage original, did receive screen credit because he sang "Ol' Man River".

Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Konstantin Stanislavski remarked that "there are no small parts, only small actors".

Dabbs Greer, a bit actor, once said: "Every character actor, in their own little sphere, is the lead".

title: Bit part


text:
User talk:Grunt/archive2

Horizons: Empire of Istaria
Hi Steven.. I saw your vote on this one on WP:VFD, "Keep. Is notable, and just needs massive cleanup", and was wondering what you thought needed to be done to it? I've been trying to polish it up for the last week or two (in between the troll and vandal attacks), and actually thought it was now in reasonably good shape. I was on the brink of removing the "cleanup" tag, even! —Stormie 01:04, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * I saw this article when it was first listed for VFD, and just haven´t voted until now. I guess I assumed it had not changed :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:06, 2004 Sep 2 (UTC)
 * Oh, I didn't realise it had been previously listed! Heh, there's some real hostility towards this game from the "slambois". The ironic thing is, the only reason I heard of this game was that this article was listed on Vandalism In Progress. That led me to the website, I noticed they had a 7 day free trial, tried it, liked it, and am now a paying customer. All that trolling and it just led to more profit for the game. :-) —Stormie 01:54, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

Hi Steven, thanks for noticing. I somehow logged myself out. Jpbrody 18:53, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Logic RVs
The second edit you reverted in logic looked at a glance like a good edit: why did you revert it? Charles Stewart 08:45, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Gah, misunderstood the diff -- I though he was adding all the stuff he actually deleted. Good revert, thanks  Charles Stewart 10:21, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

RfC
Please restore Guanaco and Guanaco2 at their proper locations. Thanks. --Cantus 02:29, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Because Guanaco was restored as an old version and then moved, we are having db issues getting the old version of it back. I have the developers working on it atm and will let you know as soon as it is back. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 02:30, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)
 * No, moving the page back is not going to help. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 02:31, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'll stay quiet, but if by tomorrow this isn't restored, I'm gonna be really pissed. --Cantus 02:37, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * /Guanaco is back. -- 02:38, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

Re: deleting my own page
Yup, I want to delete cuz I'm now editing under a different username. —Maio | Talk 15:00, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * If I do that, the history of the page remains intact. Which is what I want to delete. =)   —Maio | Talk 15:03, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

Your user page
You ought to protect your User page. RickK 00:04, Sep 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Nah, I value keeping track of how much vandalism hits my userpage. It gives one a sense of importance from my POV. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:05, 2004 Sep 6 (UTC)

Admin
Thank you very much for nominating me for adminship. I appreciate that you had that much faith in me and liked my work on Wikipedia that much. :-) Mike H 03:13, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Why are you...
...so fast at reverting vandalism?? 66.245.108.29 01:21, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Skill and practice. ;) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:22, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)

 * Probably because s/he watches recent changes, which SOMEBODY has to do. - Triona 01:24, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Vfd problem
You didn't put a link on Vfd to the TI-84 Vfd template. 66.245.108.29 01:25, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Page deletion, touched
Why did you delete the page 'Touched'?
 * It is not encyclopaedic. Put it on Wiktionary if you want something to do with it. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:43, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)

Three dots...
What do the 3 dots in your edit that you recently made mean?? 66.245.97.88 00:46, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure. :p -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:47, 2004 Sep 10 (UTC)
 * Well, did you read the summary of the edit I made just before it. It is very important. There have been many times in Wikipedia's history when I saw header dis-ambiguation messages that I converted to footers. 66.245.97.88 00:48, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I changed your "This is a dis-ambiguation page" to " " to fit with Wikipedia style. Please use the template in the future. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:49, 2004 Sep 10 (UTC)

Thank you
Yo, Steve. I truly appreciate the effort you made in trying to eliminate the B-Movie Bandit once and for all. Unfortunately he's back, he's reverting articles and it's business as usual for the jerk. Others are still happily formatting these stupid things since, heaven forbid, information must not be lost! Result: I've lost whatever interest that I had in contributing to this project. I'm not blanking my pages, but nor am I planning on returning. Best way to reach me during the week is my work e-mail: production@dc.rr.com. I'm there during business hours at UTC minus 7. - Lucky 6.9 05:03, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Bush
Find out what the conflict is actually about before making snide comments in protection notices. And I noted you "picked a version" before protecting. V V 22:20, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * An edit war was in progress, and I have found from experience that protecting the page immediately is the easiest way to stop it and have others discuss the issue. At least this way wholesale reverts will stop and perhaps a compromise version of the article will be written elsewhere. And as for the rollback, it's a personal habit/policy of mine to revert any suspicious-looking edits on sight and then investigate whether or not the edit was in fact legitimate (hence the page protect a few moments later, after I realised an edit war was in progress). -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:24, 2004 Sep 10 (UTC)

 * I don't disagree with your decision to protect the page, which was clearly the right one. I disagree with the use of "VV vs. the world" in the protection notes, which I consider snide.  And admins should not be editors (of the same article).  And, reverting first and asking questions later is, I think, a reckless policy likely to cause problems. V V  22:28, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Usually I refrain from editing controversial articles; however George W. Bush recieves lots of vandalism and as such is a frequent target of attention. No snideness was meant in the protection notes, either (one lone person can be more in the right than the rest of the world!). -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:30, 2004 Sep 10 (UTC)

 * Okay, I can accept that you didn't mean it in a negative way. It's just that this is a major false rhetorical point being used against me in Talk, when in fact in their zeal to revert me, Gzornenplatz and others constantly revert others'  edits which were made in between, and much of what I'm restoring by reverting are those others.  Hence, I'm sensitive to this accusation.  Sorry if I sounded too harsh in my initial note, it's just that it seemed like you were kind of down on me. V V  22:35, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Not at all. I just hope things can reach a successful compromise now... -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:36, 2004 Sep 10 (UTC)

Please help me Grunt
CAN YOU PLEASE WRITE MEwho to contact at this site about page(records) that should be permantly deleted.

Feedback please Grunt
Can you please write me Grunt about who to contact at this site about page(records) that should be permantly deleted. Or can you contact me and I can explain all and everything cause I would really appreciate it. Thanks,

Mediation Committee membership
Congratulations, Grunt! You're now a member of the Mediation Committee! Please add an email address where people can reach you to the list here.

Also, please read the following pages carefully if you haven't yet done so: Dispute resolution, Mediation, What Mediation is not (including the links at the bottom of that page), Incivility, and Requests for mediation.

And last, but not least, please register at the Wikimedia bulletin board here and familiarize yourself with the mediation section (sometimes it's a bit dodgy, but refreshing the pages usually does the trick there). When you have registered at the bulletin board, could you please confirm here the id you have used.

And thanks so much for agreeing to help with the work of the committee and of dispute resolution at Wikipedia.

Peace, BCorr | Брайен 14:31, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, I already have an account there; my username is Grunt. Thanks very much :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 23:34, 2004 Sep 11 (UTC)

82.32.35.210 recent changes vandalism
You got to him before i did, but that last bit of vandalism was a cut above most don't you think. Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 00:10, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Indeed. IMO that deserved a unilateral speedy block regardless of his previous vandalisms, as that is one of the worst vandalisms I have ever seen. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:12, 2004 Sep 12 (UTC)

thanks
Just in case people don't say it often enough, thank you for your hard work patrolling RC and reverting vandalism. (My user page was vandalized for the first time today, does that mean I can join the club now? LOL). Happy editing! Antandrus 00:34, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Grúnt
Wow, three blocks in two minutes—I wonder if that sets any records. :) —No-One Jones (mail) 00:43, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * We've had three people block one person simultaneously once before. ;) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:43, 2004 Sep 12 (UTC)

My bad on the edit of the home page. I quite frankly didn't think it would work. Unrestricted access to all the pages and all. I will most definatley need to register. Love the Wiki idea ~66.162.49.18

More exact?
Sorry to burst that small bubble, but 1.8 is just as exact as 9/5. There is no loss of precision. Using one over the other is a matter of style.

Urhixidur 04:11, 2004 Sep 12 (UTC)

User:Xed RFC
I started an RFC on Xed (Requests_for_comment/Xed) WhisperToMe 23:03, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your support for my adminship. Jayjg 16:37, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You deleted the page about me. im more important then you!!!
 * Really? Why am I a sysop, then? I probably have more Google hits than you anyways. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:59, 2004 Sep 15 (UTC)

Vandal
Hi, Grunt. Why did you send me a message saying I had vandalised a page? I don't think I did, and I don't use a proxy. (I've only just created an account - you sent the message to my IP)

Adminship
Thanks for your support of my adminship. – Andre ( talk ) 17:30, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

User talk:Lysol
Hello. I just thought I'd warn you that User:Lysol has altered your comment on his talk page. SimonMayer 20:12, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Re: a note left on "my" account (behind a firewall at work)
Hi! This note was left in regards to my IP--168.11.62.2--but I have no clue what it refers to. I'm behind a firewall with about 60 other people. So I created an account just for me. Now, could you elaborate? What exactly does this refer to? I will check on it and see if I can discover the source.

"Please stop adding nonsense to the Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Grunt  ҈  19:03, 2004 Sep 3 (UTC)"

Mr Treason
Please don't block AOL proxies for 24 hours at a time. He'll just switch to another one and the only people the block will effect will be innocent AOLers. Thanks 22:48, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The 24 hour block was a mistake, and it was unblocked 10 minutes thereafter. Thank you for your concern. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:50, 2004 Sep 21 (UTC)
 * I know- it was me who did the unblock. He only edits at most 2 or 3 pages with each IP you have to do a range block to deter him at all otherwise it's a waste of time.Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 22:55, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:59, 2004 Sep 21 (UTC)

Are all saints redirects now?
Huh? Why the move of Saint Zita to Zita? If all saints are by their names only, ok. I've got another saint I've done, then, that will need the same treatment, and I was thinking of doing more saints in the future. Fine with me if that's how they're done, but I didn't know it. Geogre 01:45, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * This particular move was requested by Danny on IRC, who was having issues moving it himself. You'd have to ask him for details.

Lysol is still altering your comments
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Lysol&action=history WhisperToMe 00:30, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

RMS
Hi, Could you unprotect Richard Stallman? It has been protected since 23:12, 20 Sep 2004. Also, if this vandal comes back, would it be possible to block his/her IP rather than protecting pages? Thanks, at0 00:32, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Done. The vandal is editing from a wide variety of IPs, so a block isn't possible. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:41, 2004 Sep 29 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I believe the Parody vandalism was consistently from IP: 207.140.211.88. at0 01:50, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Page move
I hope I did the right thing, since I'm very new at being an admin, but I just undid a series of moves done by "Zymobot" or some sort, I don't even remember. I guess it could be considered a test of if I knew what I was doing, but I also wanted to help. :) Hope I didn't do anything wrong. --Golbez 00:33, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

Wikipals list
I know it's extremely lame but I've just started a wikipals list on my user page and you're on it. It's a list of generally "nice people" I've met in the year since I first signed up. If you don't want to to be on it let me know and I'll take you off. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 00:59, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, feel free to list me there. I do want to be known as a nice person :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:24, 2004 Oct 1 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grunt/archive2


text:
Aquinas College, Melbourne

Aquinas College is an Australian co-educational Roman Catholic secondary school in the Melbourne suburb of Ringwood. It is a regional college of the Archdiocese of Melbourne, founded in 1961 to provide secondary education to Catholics residing in the Maroondah Deanery.

Grounds, buildings and facilities
The college is situated approximately 25 kilometres from the center of Melbourne and sits on 30 acres of land in its own green belt with native vegetation and sports areas surrounding it on three sides. The campus of Aquinas College consists of seven building blocks. These are the Senior Years Building, the Year 9 building (the original school building), the Dominic Arts & Media Centre (including the Aquinas Resource Centre), the Staff and Technology Centre, the Gymnasium and Mahon Theatre, the Middle Years Learning Centre and the MacKillop Chapel.

The Senior Years Building contains the Year 12 Wing, social space and study facilities, as well as science labs, classrooms and computer facilities. The second floor is devoted to the Wurundjeri Trade Training Centre (WTTC), a purpose build kitchen and hospitality training centre use for VCE and VET subjects, as well as the Year 9 Cafe N9ne program.

The Middle Years Learning Centre was opened in 2014. The building serves Year 7 and 8 students and includes 18 classrooms, a 150-seat lecture theatre, a multipurpose heated staircase capable for team assemblies and several outdoor learning areas (including two upstairs balconies).

The Technology Centre, houses a fully operational Design & Technology workshop on the ground level and a Systems Technology & Hydraulics room on the second level. In addition, the school's grounds include tennis courts, three ovals for cricket and various codes of football and basketball courts for sporting purposes.

Sport
Aquinas is a member of the Eastern Independent Schools of Melbourne (EISM).

EISM premierships
Aquinas has won the following EISM senior premierships.

EISM Senior Premierships

Boys:

 * Athletics – 2017
 * Basketball (8) – 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
 * Cricket (4) – 2011, 2017, 2020, 2021
 * Cross Country – 2022
 * Football (7) – 2010, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022
 * Hockey – 2020
 * Netball – 2022
 * Soccer – 2016
 * Softball (2) – 2019, 2020
 * Swimming – 2015
 * Table Tennis – 2018
 * Tennis (4) – 2010, 2011, 2013, 2018
 * Touch Rugby – 2022
 * Volleyball (2) – 2019, 2022

Girls:

 * Basketball (10) – 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021
 * Football – 2014
 * Netball (9) – 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2022
 * Soccer (2) – 2019, 2021
 * Softball (2) – 2012, 2016
 * Tennis (3) – 2014, 2016, 2020
 * Ultimate Frisbee (4) – 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020
 * Volleyball (2) – 2014, 2020

Notable alumni

 * Havana Brown – DJ
 * Alan Dupont – Chair of International Security and Director of the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney
 * Daniel Kickert – basketballer
 * David Lane – musician
 * Liam Shiels - Australian rules footballer with the North Melbourne Football Club
 * Michael Sukkar – politician

title: Aquinas College, Melbourne


text:
Talk:Olinde Rodrigues

Untitled
This page was listed on Votes for deletion, and the consensus was to keep: see Votes for deletion/Olinde Rodrigues

Again, this person has been labelled as an Occitan personality. This should be removed in my opinion. What do others think? --Bob 09:44, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * As you know, because we've discussed it at length, the category has been re-added because it is being discussed, and it was depopulated, disrupting the discussion process. Once a decision has been taken about the category – either a new name or removal – a decision can be made about its suitability here. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:34, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Its suitability here should be considered before it is ever added to an article. It is unsuitable here, in fact, it is plain wrong, POV pushing and basic vandalism to place it here. --Bob 16:07, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Remove him from Category:Occitan people ?
According to the rules in Categorization of people there is no justification either for Category:Occitan people or Category:Natives of Bordeaux.

By residence
People are sometimes categorized by notable residence, in the form People from Foo (not "Natives of Foo"), regardless of ethnicity, heritage, or nationality. Residential categories should not be used to record people who have never resided in that place. Nationality is reflected by the occupation category (above), not country or county or city of residence. The place of birth is rarely notable.

He spent his adult life in Paris, and there is no evidence that he spoke Occitan or was an Occitan nationalist. Making him an Occitan due to the accident of birth in Bordeaux does not make sense. Shall I go ahead and remove him from both categories? If not please quote the policy that justifies keeping him there. EdJohnston 03:05, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * In fact a huge number of people are placed in the category of their birth-place. Categories aren't limited to what makes a person notable; perhaps they should be, but this has been argued against and defeated every time it's been raised.  (And I suppose that the same could be said about year of birth, place of residence, etc., too, in most cases.)  The usual response to the application of a category is that, unless it's factually wrong, there's no harm.  Again, I've not always gone along with that, but it's the local custom.

 * I replaced this category on all those articles from which it had been removed because it needed to be repopulated in order to make discussion of it fair, not because I had any strong view about any of its members. The only stroing view that I have is the rather hysterical depopulation of the category by another editor, who seems to have a strong political view on the matter. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:43, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Inaccurate statement about enrolling Ecole polytechnique ?
It is stated in the article that "Jews were prohibited from enrolling at the École Polytechnique, the most prestigious school in Paris, and it is still unknown how he learned his advanced mathematics". This statement seems doubtful to me. French Revolution emancipated the jews and they became equal citizens in 1791. All discriminations based on the religion (protestantism or Judaism ) were severely banished. Could the original author please precise his sources ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BahramH (talk • contribs) 15:46, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The most scholarly book about Rodrigues that I could locate is the 2005 work by Altmann and Ortiz. It seems that nobody knows for sure how Rodrigues obtained his doctorate (what institution). Note that Altmann has published more than once about this mathematician, and he revised his views along the way. He believes that Rodrigues came from a family descended from Spanish Jews, contrary to what the article says now. I don't have Altmann's book in the house but I can get back to it in the library if there is a question. EdJohnston (talk) 22:31, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I have added the date of his doctorate from the University of Paris, and the date of publication of his thesis, based on Altmann and Ortiz (2005). In the section just below, someone says that the text of his thesis is available through Google Books. I'd like to get the URL for that, since I couldn't find it myself. Altmann and Ortiz are quite firm that he was never enrolled at the École Polytechnique, though the first Jew was admitted there in 1798, so that school was perhaps not closed to him after all. (These authors got hold of a complete list of all the students at the Polytechnique and his name was not there). EdJohnston (talk) 04:08, 12 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Now that I looked at Altmann and Ortiz (2005) one more time, I struck out part of my previous comment. Here are the interesting points:
 * Nobody knows for sure how Rodrigues obtained his knowledge of advanced math, whether he took a course of studies somewhere, or if he had a thesis advisor. We do know that University of Paris conferred his docteur ès sciences degree.
 * He definitely was not formally enrolled at the Polytechnique, since he's not on their list of students.
 * He had to give up any prospect of a mathematics teaching position in France after his doctorate, because the Restoration took away some options that Jews had enjoyed under Napoloeon. This is probably how Rodrigues wound up working as an actuary. EdJohnston (talk) 17:55, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

thesis
The thesis is in two parts "De l'Attraction des sphéroïdes" and "Mouvement de rotation d'un corps de révolution pesant", Paris, june,28 1815 (not 1816 !). published in "Correspondance sur l'école royale polytechnique, à l'usage des élèves de cette école", T3, Paris, 1816, pages 361-385. You can find this book on "google books".Claudeh5-fr (talk) 22:19, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, please, I would like to find the URL at Google Books. The date June 28, 1815 that you found is when he received the doctorate, according to page 12 of Altmann and Ortiz (2005). At least that's how I interpreted "thèse soutenue devant la Faculté de Science de Paris par M. Rodrigues,... le 28 juin, 1815." Altmann and Ortiz assert that the actual publication of the thesis was in January 1816. EdJohnston (talk) 04:18, 12 September 2008 (UTC)
 * i have for you three links:

 * 1) http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000165_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000165_001-pleadetoc&base=fa   the programm of the second thesis (only talk ?)
 * 2) http://gallica2.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&q=olinde+rodrigues+spheroides&p=1&lang=fr         the thesis is on the top
 * 3) http://books.google.fr/books?id=m-cNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:00Wf_7TYEJH7YRV08oB      Correspondance sur l'école royale polytechnique, à l'usage des élèves de cette école", T3, Paris, 1816, pages 361-385

i think: 1816 is only the date of publication in "Correspondance sur l'école royale polytechnique" but the soutenance is of june, 28 1815 and the text, before.Claudeh5-fr (talk) 08:13, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Spanish origin
One of the footnotes states that "The family is often said to have been of Spanish origin, but the spelling of the family name rather suggests Portuguese descent (as indeed asserted by the 'Enciclopedia Universal Illustrada Espasa-Calpe')". In fact, Altmann's article withdraws this claim, based on more recent sources. The family is spanish, and the "enciclopedia" is in error. Tkuvho (talk) 09:06, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

But, in fact, it is well known that Rodrigues with "S" is of Portuguese origin and Rodriguez with "Z" is of Spanish origin (See Portuguese names article).

Saint Simonianism writing
I'd like to know more about his writing, that followed his friend Saint-Simon's death, on social reform. This is not followed in the section on Saint-Simon either. ie his relationship with Barthélemy_Prosper_Enfantin and I like to know what he thought of Enfantin's radicalism. Szczels (talk) 10:34, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olinde Rodrigues


text:
Talk:Barbara Boxer

Honors and awards section and Abortion catagory
I just reviewed the articles of the 40 most senior members of the senate. Only one other senator had a section for 'honors and awards' and that was Feinstein which was limited to one sentence. This whole section should be deleted, or changed to one line mentioning her two honorary doctorate awards. This is the type of thing in this article that makes it sound very 'rah-rah' and more like a political campaign site than a wikepedia article. Comments?

COMPLETELY AGREE. It seems some PR hack has basically written this whole Edit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.101.211.30 (talk) 22:35, 9 July 2020 (UTC) Look here: Senator Boxer further distinguished herself by being one of only eight members of the Senate to vote against the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999.[citation needed]. How does voting make yourself distinguished (successful, authoritative, and commanding great respect.)? Her Job is to vote. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.101.211.30 (talk) 22:40, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Also, as I was reviewing the articles, several had a section documenting the senator's abortion stance, and all refered to it as 'abortion'. Not a single one used the pro-life term 'Life' nor the pro-choice term 'Reproductive Rights'. Wikepedia should use non-bias terms, so the catagory name should be changed to 'abortion' rather than 'reproductive rights'. I invite responses from those able to give unbiased comments. Rodchen (talk) 16:19, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

I checked another 10 senators articles. The comments above still apply. Since there has been no objection, I will go ahead and make those edits in order to make this article less biased. Rodchen (talk) 05:54, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * There has been plenty of objections, as you well know. Dave Dial (talk) 05:59, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

What is the objection? Rodchen (talk) 06:03, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The objection is the same as above, the change does not make the article more neutral. Reproductive rights is not a biased reference, and covers more than just abortion. There is no reason to change it. Dave Dial (talk) 06:09, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

How would you feel about the term 'santity of life'? That term also, as you say, covers more than just abortion, but it is a term only used by the pro-life side of the arguement, just as 'reproductive rights' is a term only used by the pro-choice side of the argument. I also notice how there are three paragraph under this section, and each and every paragrah deals with abortion, so this section is dealing with abortion. Making the change definately does make the article more neutral, just like changing 'santity of life' to abortion would make an article more neutral. Rodchen (talk) 06:21, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I do believe you mean Sanctity of life. I don't have a problem with that term either, when used in context. I hear it all the time from my Priest. I just changed the section heading to only Reproductive rights(a term used by many in medical and health organizations, including the World Health Organization), since that term includes family planning and birth control. Now I'm off to bed. Good night. Dave Dial (talk) 06:39, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Sorry for the misspelling. Since Wikepedia is neither a medical or religious encyclopedia, I favor using commonly used terms. Abortion is also a term used by medical and health organizations, and is most commonly used. Besides, we are discussing 'Boxer's political' views here, not her medical views here. In political circles, 'reproductive rights' is only used by pro-choice people; and 'sanctity of life' is only used by pro-life people. Abortion is used by both sides.

You may also notice that the term 'abortion' is used three times in this section, while 'reproductive rights' is not used one single time! The section is about abortion.

I know abortion is a hot and controversial issue, but surely we can at least agree to use reasonable terms to describe it. Flag burning was controversial too, but surely if some editor tried to call it 'Preservation of our national symbol', there would have been objection.

I will allow you a good night sleep, but I hope when you wake up in the morning we can agree to simply change this to 'abortion'. Rodchen (talk) 23:12, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I object to changing the name of the section to "Abortion". The section also speaks of contraception, which makes the more inclusive title "Reproductive Rights" more accurate. I also object to "Sanctity of Life" due to its political/religious connotations. – Muboshgu (talk) 13:06, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I am against using the section header "Abortion" because it discusses the following topics which do not necessarily fall under that topic: family planning, Medicaid, contraception, sexual assault, sex education. Gamaliel (talk) 23:16, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Yeah, those too. – Muboshgu (talk) 00:01, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

I notice the section under 'social security' also covers retirement, Enron scandal, 401K plans, and accounting practises. Why is there no objection to calling that section 'social security'? 'Reproductive rights' is a politically biased term, used only by liberal, pro-choice people. I have made suggestions for neutral languge which are 'unacceptable'. Somebody else make a suggestion on what to call it. Rodchen (talk) 23:28, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I object to calling that section "social security". Gamaliel (talk) 23:37, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

How about 'retirement business business practises and policies'? Rodchen (talk) 23:55, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * That sounds clunky, but I'm okay with the idea of renaming it. I just don't have any ideas at the moment. – Muboshgu (talk) 00:01, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Lets discuss it here - both the changing content of the article and the title. Rodchen (talk) 00:30, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

I continue suggesting the unbias title 'abortion', which is continue to be objected to, but nobody has a better, unbiased term. Rodchen (talk) 01:32, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * No, I agree with the above editors that "abortion" is not the correct term here for the section. Please stop your edit war to add it without consensus here on the talk page. Dayewalker (talk) 02:00, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I've already reported him at WP:3RRNB. – Muboshgu (talk) 02:02, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Thank you Dayewalker. I understand your objection (as I stated earlier). Do you have any suggestion on a better title? 117.36.69.42 (talk) 02:14, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I believe I speak for everyone when I say the title and wording of the "Reproductive rights" section is fine as it is. If you are Rodchen editing without logging in, this is a violation of policy on sock puppetry. – Muboshgu (talk) 02:17, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

It is actually called having poor internet connection, so I get bumped off frequently, no fault of Wikepedia.

The term 'Reproductive Rights' is not a neutral term in the political world. I challenge you to find one pro-life politician who has used the term. I doubt you can. Just like you could not find a pro-choice politician who used the term 'sanctity of life'.

While this discussion is progressing, while trying to reach consensus, I find it troubling that statements (that have been in the article for over six months) were suddently changed, making the paragraphs even more biased and more non-neutral. Rodchen (talk) 03:13, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I believe you that it's accidental, but please try to be careful about it. You should see a message at the top of the edit box if you're not logged in telling you that you're not logged in.
 * I'd say the term "reproductive rights" is neutral, and saying it isn't neutral because "pro-lifer"s don't use the term doesn't prove anything. The term "pro-life" isn't neutral because it suggests the "pro-choice" people are "pro-death".
 * We know how you feel, and we know how I feel. How does everyone else feel about the term "reproductive rights"? – Muboshgu (talk) 03:20, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

I agree - 'Pro-life' is not a neutral term. Just like 'pro-choice' is not a neutral term, because it suggests pro-life people are anti-choice. I think one evidence that 'sanctity of life' is not neutral is that pro-choice people don't use it. Likewise, one evidence that 'reproductive rights' is not neutral is that pro-life people don't use it. If there was not an option of using a commonly used neutral term, then I would understand the need for deciding which to use, but since there is a term - namely 'abortion', that neutral term should be used. Rodchen (talk) 03:30, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

"Reproductive rights may include some or all of the following: the right to legal or safe abortion, the right to birth control, the right to access quality reproductive healthcare, and the right to education and access in order to make reproductive choices free from coercion, discrimination, and violence.Reproductive rights may also include the right to receive education about contraception and sexually transmitted infections, and freedom from coerced sterilization, abortion, and contraception, and protection from gender-based practices such as female genital cutting (FGC) and male genital mutilation (MGM)"
 * "Abortion" and "Reproductive rights" are not synonyms. As per the Wikipedia article on Reproductive rights:
 * Reproductive rights is a perfectly neutral phrase. Note its use by Wikipedia, the World Health Organization, the United Nations, Amnesty International, etc.  Gamaliel (talk) 03:45, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Using your logic, 'Reproductive Rights' is not adequate then either, because the paragraph includes 'improve access to women's health care' which would include mammograms. Should we then call this section 'women's health issues'? No, because it also deals with all kinds of contraceptives. In political circles (which we are dealing with here - Boxer's political stands), reproductive rights is a biased term and should not be used in this context. As another editor pointed out, Sanctity of life is a perfectly acceptable term in the right context - just not describing in a neutral way political stands. The same is true for 'Reproductive Rights'. The best term for this is still 'abortion'. Each paragraph (while including other issues) deals with abortion, and in fact mentioned abortion, before it was inappropriately edited yesterday in order to remove this point of argument. Rodchen (talk) 04:54, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

 * You haven't shown any evidence of this being a biased phrase, while I have presented multiple uses by multiple organizations in a non-political, non-biased matter. And you discount "reproductive rights" by saying it doesn't include mammograms. But abortion does?  You haven't presented any sort of case that "abortion" is the best term for multiple issues.   Gamaliel (talk) 05:20, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Good point. I haven't. Here is a quote from the 'Pro-life' page in Wikepedia:

Both "pro-choice" and "pro-life" are examples of terms labeled as political framing: they are terms which purposely try to define their philosophies in the best possible light, while by definition attempting to describe their opposition in the worst possible light. "Pro-choice" implies that the alternative viewpoint is "anti-choice", while "pro-life" implies the alternative viewpoint is "pro-death" or "anti-life". Similarly each side's use of the term "rights" ("reproductive rights", "right to life of the unborn") implies a validity in their stance, given that the presumption in language is that rights are inherently a good thing and so implies an invalidity in the viewpoint of their opponents.

The Associated Press encourages journalists to use the terms "abortion rights" and "anti-abortion". Rodchen (talk) 05:36, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

 * The claim in that article that "reproductive rights" is an example of biased framing language is unsourced. I have presented multiple examples of non-partisan organizations using it in an unbiased manner.  If this was a matter of "abortion rights" versus "Pro-choice", I might agree with you.  But you also want to dump a whole bunch of unrelated things under the "abortion" heading, and you haven't presented any sort of reason why family planning, Medicaid, contraception, sexual assault, and sex education should be represented by "abortion" instead of "reproductive rights".  Gamaliel (talk) 05:45, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

I am not insisting on the title 'abortion'. If a better term can be found, I am willing to consider it. I just know 'Reproductive Rights' is biased, and should not be used. There will be no title that is perfect. As I pointed out, 'Reproductive rights' is not perfect either, because the paragraphs include mammograms. Rodchen (talk) 05:54, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

 * "Reproductive rights" isn't biased. It's fine. Dayewalker (talk) 05:56, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Of course no title will be perfect. I'm willing to consider an alternate title provided a case can be made that the current title is inappropriate and the proposed title is not so overly specific that it does not cover much of the contents. It's been demonstrated by widespread non-partisan use of "reproductive rights" that it is perfectly appropriate. It may leave out mammograms, but your proposal leaves out family planning, Medicaid, contraception, sexual assault, and sex education. So under the "nothing is perfect" doctrine, I'm willing to accept the inappropriate placement of mammograms given that leaving out one item among many is far better than singling out one single item and leaving out many. Give me an alternate title that doesn't leave out so many things, then we will have something worth discussing. Until then I think we're going in circles unless you have something new to present. Gamaliel (talk) 06:01, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Ok, let me see if I can find a good source for you. I will get back to you in a few days. Rodchen (talk) 06:50, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

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Some of the dates seem wrong
I don't know enough to edit this, but it appears that her Senate Environmental Committee listings claim she served as ranking member and as chair through 20 Jan 2021 even though she left the Senate in 2017.

530nm330Hz (talk) 02:21, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barbara Boxer


text:
Patrick Moraz

Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter, best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and the Moody Blues.

Born into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age and studied at the Lausanne Conservatory. He began a music career in the 1960s as a jazz musician, performing with his quartet and quintet, groups that performed across Europe and won several awards. He formed the short-lived progressive rock group Mainhorse in 1969, and began work scoring films. In 1974, he formed another band, Refugee, and recorded one album before he joined Yes later the same year. Moraz was a member of Yes until 1976, and during this time he also started a solo career.

Moraz was a member of the Moody Blues from 1978 to 1991. Since then, he has worked on various solo projects.

Early life
Moraz was born on 24 June 1948 on an aeroplane, though Morges, Switzerland, has been cited as his hometown. He was born in to a musical family; his father used to work for Polish pianist and composer Ignacy Jan Paderewski. He has a sister, Patricia. As a child, Moraz played the violin, piano, and percussion and wrote compositions for the piano at the age of five. He studied jazz and classical music until his development came to an abrupt halt at thirteen after he broke four fingers in a roller skating accident. He recalled, "I was told I could never play classical music again". Following a course of therapy and a considerable amount of practice with his left hand playing, Moraz was able to regain his technique, becoming ambidextrous in the process. Initially, Moraz wished to be an anthropologist and learned to speak Greek and Latin. Instead he chose to pursue music and studied in Lausanne at the Lausanne Conservatory, where he studied with Clara Haskil and, while in Paris, Nadia Boulanger. At sixteen, Moraz became the youngest person to receive the Best Soloist award at the Zürich jazz festival. Moraz went on to win awards at the festival, as a solo artist or in his jazz groups, for five consecutive years. In 1964, Moraz spent his summer in Cadaqués, Spain as a scuba diving instructor and spent time with Salvador Dalí at his property in Portlligat where he organised and performed at several gatherings for his guests.

At seventeen, Moraz's playing as a jazz soloist at a music festival earned him a prize of a collection of albums and some lessons with French jazz soloist Stéphane Grappelli who taught him "all I needed to know about jazz and rock". Moraz also spent time performing in several countries in Africa. In November 1964, Moraz left Switzerland for England, a place he always wanted to visit and perform. Not knowing the English language, he arrived in Bournemouth where he stayed for six months. Prior to his travels, Moraz's father offered him work as a chef in Switzerland in one of his kitchens that he managed, with the hope of using the skill to work in England. Moraz cooked at a school for a £2.88 salary (equivalent to £0 in 2024)., calling it "one of the hardest jobs I ever had". He played the piano in a local pub and tea room for more money. However, he was kicked out of the Musicians' Union because he took up employment as a bar pianist with an incorrect type of work visa. The director of the union then spotted him playing in a restaurant, causing Moraz to leave the country and cancel proposals to jam with a Bournemouth group, the Night People. He also worked by selling encyclopaedias in Geneva. In 1965, Moraz's quartet won an award at the Zürich jazz festival, and was soon invited to be the opening act for a European tour headlined by American saxophonist John Coltrane.

1969–1974: Mainhorse and Refugee
Moraz returned to England in 1969 when he auditioned potential players for a new progressive rock band, Mainhorse. He wished for a drummer who could play like John Bonham, Buddy Rich, odd time signatures and the blues, and tried out "like 250 drummers" in the process. He settled with a line-up of Jean Ristori on vocals and bass, Bryson Graham on drums, and Peter Lockett on vocals and guitar. They signed with Polydor Records and recorded their only studio album, Mainhorse (1971), at De Lane Lea Studios, later purchased by Ian Gillan of Deep Purple in Kingsway, London. The album was not a commercial success, but the group secured work by performing at gigs in Germany. Moraz took up further work as a film composer on The Salamander (1971).

After touring Japan and Hong Kong as a musical director for a Brazilian ballet, Moraz returned to Switzerland in 1973. He recorded further film music for The Invitation (1973) and The Middle of the World (1974). In the summer, Moraz received a call from Lee Jackson, guitarist and singer of Jackson Heights, asking him if he was interested in joining Jackson Heights. Moraz had jammed with Jackson's previous band, The Nice, in 1969 when they played in Switzerland. Moraz refused, and counter-offered that they form a new band with former Nice member Brian Davison on drums. The band, Refugee, signed with Charisma Records and released Refugee (1974), written and arranged by Moraz and Jackson. The group developed a tight sound by practising for at least eight hours each day. Refugee supported the album with a tour.

1974–1978: Yes and start of solo career
Upon his arrival from Geneva working on a film score for Gerard Depardieu, Moraz was asked to join Yes, following the departure of Rick Wakeman in May 1974. The band had begun work on Relayer (1974), their seventh album, in Virginia Water, Surrey, and sought potential replacements. Moraz had seen the band perform during their tour of Switzerland in 1969. After a try-out with Greek musician Vangelis, which proved unsuccessful following musical union issues and his unwillingness to travel, music reporter Chris Welch suggested to the band's manager, Brian Lane, that they ask Moraz. Though he regretted splitting with his Refugee bandmates, Moraz accepted the position as it was an opportunity that he thought would benefit his career, though he once said, "I felt it was time to leave". Moraz's audition occurred in the first week of August 1974 with Vangelis's keyboards, which were still set up in the rehearsal room. After tuning up, Moraz watched the band play the middle section of "Sound Chaser", which he said was "Absolutely unbelievable. To experience that – the truest surround experience I had ever encountered as an observer and listener". He was then asked to come up with an opening to it, and what he played ended up on the album.

After his successful audition, Moraz learned their repertoire across seven albums for the Relayer tour, which began in November 1974. When the tour ended in August 1975, Yes took an extended break so each member could produce a solo album. Charisma Records released Moraz's first album as a solo artist, which, due to its title consisting of a symbol which does not appear on standard keyboards, has since become commonly known as The Story of I (1976). Since working with the Brazilian ballet, he became interested in percussion and travelled to Colombia, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina for inspiration, and arrived in Brazil where he gathered "a very, very strong unit of 16 percussionists" to play on his album. Moraz invited synthesizer inventor Bob Moog to contribute sounds on the album; Moog accepted the task, and worked with him for several weeks. During this time Moraz also played on Steve Howe's album Beginnings (1975) and Chris Squire's album Fish Out of Water (1975). Moraz travelled to Brazil and incorporated Brazilian rhythms and musicians on The Story of I, giving it a world music flavour. Afterward he reconvened with Yes for their 1976 North American tour, where the band headlined several large concerts.

After the 1976 tour, Yes retreated from UK tax collectors to Montreux, Switzerland, to record their next album, Going for the One (1977). Some of the material had already been worked out by the time of their arrival; this included contributions to "Awaken", "Wonderous Stories" and "Parallels" from Moraz. However, during the early sessions, Moraz was told to leave in order to allow Wakeman to return to the band. Moraz spoke about his departure: "Even though, at the time, the split 'was not made to appear acrimonious', I suffered extremely and extensively. To be 'asked to leave' so suddenly put me in a lot of turmoil and disturbance ... I was never compensated for anything. I never ever got paid for any of my tour participation in the ... tour of 1976 ... I was entitled to a 20% cut from what the band was getting." In 2014, Chris Squire would suggest that a lack of a musical bond between Moraz and Steve Howe was the main artistic reason for Moraz and Yes parting company.

Moraz continued with his solo career and Charisma released his second album, Out in the Sun (1977), which he wanted to sound "completely different and more liberated". He then moved to Brazil for a year and a half, and prepared material for his third album. He wanted to title the album "Primitivization", but the record company chose to release it as Patrick Moraz (1978). During his time in Brazil, Moraz joined a Brazilian rock band, Vimana, with Lobão and Lulu Santos and Ritchie. He also recorded the keyboards in one of the most iconic songs of Brazilian music, "Avohai" by Zé Ramalho.

1978–1991: The Moody Blues and solo projects
In May 1978, Moraz visited a convention held by the Audio Engineering Society in Los Angeles, where Herbie Hancock taught him vocoder, and agreed to represent Aphex Systems in Brazil. On his way back to Brazil, Moraz stopped in Miami as he had some free time. At the hotel, he received a call asking him to join the Moody Blues after Mike Pinder left the band. Moraz proceeded to sing "Nights in White Satin" and "Tuesday Afternoon" on the phone, and accepted an audition in London in July 1978. Before his arrival, Moraz performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival with Brazilian musicians Airto Moreira and Gilberto Gil. The audition with the Moody Blues was successful, and Moraz "Got the gig that very afternoon".

Moraz toured with the Moody Blues in support of their ninth album, Octave (1978), which began in late 1978. Their next album, Long Distance Voyager (1981), became the band's biggest hit, reaching No. 1 in the US. This was followed by The Present (1983), The Other Side of Life (1986), and Sur la Mer (1988).

During his tenure with the Moody Blues, Moraz completed several solo projects. He toured with his group from Brazil, recorded with Chick Corea, and released two albums with drummer Bill Bruford as Moraz-Bruford. The two toured worldwide between 1983 and 1985. In May 1986, he worked on some "temporary cues" and "not the final scores" to the soundtrack to Predator (1987) and Wild Orchid (1989). The project gave him the opportunity to visit the filming of Predator in Mexico, and to meet Arnold Schwarzenegger and Mickey Rourke. However, Moraz could not fully complete the score for Predator because of an upcoming tour with the Moody Blues, leaving Alan Silvestri to compose the rest. He also operated Aquarius Studios in Geneva with Ristori. Moraz performed the score to The Stepfather (1987).

During the recording for Keys of the Kingdom (1991), Moraz was interviewed for Keyboard magazine. He expressed a feeling that The Moody Blues' music had become too confined and that the group had become stagnant, offering "no musical challenge". The other members, he thought, were unwilling to use his musical compositions and claimed his only composition during his 13 years with them was "half a song with the drummer". Before the Moody Blues toured the album, Moraz was fired from the band. In September 1991, Moraz sued the group for $500,000 as well as wrongful dismissal, claiming the group decided to split their profits four ways instead of five, and wished to be paid royalties he felt were owed to him as a full-time member of the band for almost 15 years. However, the group maintained Moraz was only a hired musician, despite his name being listed as a member on their albums and promotional materials and his appearing in official band photographs. On December 28, 1992, the jury in the case, aired on Court TV, awarded Moraz $77,175 from the defendants. Moraz had been offered $400,000 before the lawsuit.

1991–present: Solo career
After his dismissal from the Moody Blues, Moraz has primarily concentrated on solo projects. His first of three piano albums, Windows of Time (1994), was recorded in a studio at Full Sail University in Florida. A total of fourteen hours of material was recorded which was cut to exactly one hour. Moraz then spent the next four years developing "hundreds of pieces of music for all instruments, as well as orchestras and choirs", producing several artists, and completed work for the Conference on World Affairs, of which he is an official delegate. He also wished to tour Windows of Time, but thought the style of the music would suffer in a traditional concert setting.

In late 1994, Moraz began a piano tour of the US and Europe with his Coming Home, America Tour (CHAT), which saw him perform at private or semi-private venues for an $800 flat fee, booked entirely by fans through the Internet. One show saw him perform for a couple in their home. The tour ended in November 1995 for a total of 92 performances. One of them was recorded and released as PM in Princeton (1995) for CD and video. In 1997, Moraz started work on a new album, A Way to Freedom, featuring arrangements for a symphony orchestra, percussionists, and a jazz brass band. The project remains a work in progress. From 1998 to 2000, Moraz worked almost exclusively on his second piano album Resonance (2000), which, like Windows of Time, was cut to exactly one hour of music. He also performed at a benefit concert at the request of poet José Ramos-Horta.

By 2001, Moraz had continued with several projects, including researching and preparing film scripts, including one for a potential film adaptation of The Story of I. He released his third piano album, the classically influenced ESP (2003), short for "Etudes, Sonatas and Preludes". In 2012, he issued a compilation of tracks from the three piano albums titled PianissiMoraz (2012).

In 2011, Moraz guested on an album by Panorama Syndicate entitled Skyline, playing piano on the title track.

In April 2014, Moraz took part in the annual progressive rock-themed cruise voyage Cruise to the Edge as a solo artist. In 2015, Moraz and drummer Greg Alban formed the Moraz Alban Project and released a studio album The M.A.P. Project (2015), featuring percussionist Lenny Castro, saxophonist Dave Van Such, bassists John Avila and Patrick Perrier, and Counting Crows bassist Matt Malley. Moraz and Alban met in 1983 and Alban played drums on Moraz's album Time Code (1984). The project was an Alban solo endeavour at first, with Moraz contributing to the music, but it grew to feature numerous other musicians with the music written around the drums and keyboards. In November 2015, Moraz released a limited edition 19-CD box set of his 18 albums, including Mainhorse (1971), The Story of I (1976) and the live album Music for Piano and Drums: Live in Maryland (2012).

Moraz took part in his second Cruise to the Edge voyage in February 2017.

Moraz reunited with Yes in July 2018. As part of Yes' 50th Anniversary tour, Moraz performed with Yes at two shows in Philadelphia, July 20 and 21. At each show, Moraz played keys during the band's performance of "Soon". Moraz also appeared during the Yes FanFest before the July 21 show, at first performing a 70-minute solo piano show and then appearing on stage with Yes and taking part in a band interview.

Personal life
Moraz lives in Florida with his second wife, Phyllis, and spends some time in his native Switzerland. He has one son, David, and a daughter, Rana, with first wife Diane.

Solo career
Singles
 * "Best Years of Our Lives"/"Cachaca (Baião)" (1976)
 * "Tentacles"/"Kabala" (1977)
 * "La Planete Inconnue"/"Nostalgie" (1979)
 * "How Basic Can You Get?"/"Spirits" (1981)
 * "L'Hymne De La Première"/"Grandeur Nature" (1987)

Studio albums
 * The Story of I (1976)
 * Out in the Sun (1977)
 * Patrick Moraz (1978)
 * Metamorphoses (1979)
 * Coexistence (1980; reissued as Libertate in 1989)
 * Time Code (1984)
 * Future Memories II (1984)
 * Future Memories I & II (1985)
 * Human Interface (1987)
 * Windows of Time (1994)
 * ESP (2003)
 * Resonance (2006)
 * Change of Space (2008)

Live albums
 * Future Memories Live on TV (1979)
 * PM in Princeton (1995)
 * Live at Abbey Road (2012)
 * Moraz/Bruford: Music For Piano And Drums Live In Maryland (2012)

Compilation albums
 * Future Memories I & II (2007)
 * PianissiMoraz (2012)

DVD
 * PM in Princeton (1995)
 * Future Memories (2007)

With Mainhorse

 * "More Tea Vicar"/"Basia" (1971)
 * "La Salamandre"/"Juke Box" (1972; Single with the band Mainhorse, music from the film La Salamandre)
 * Mainhorse (1971)
 * The Geneva Tapes (2007)

With Refugee

 * Refugee (1974)
 * Live in Concert Newcastle City Hall 1974 (2007)
 * Refugee & Refugee Live In Concert 1974 (2010)

With Yes

 * Relayer (1974)
 * "Soon"/"Sound Chaser" (1975)
 * Yesshows (1980) - Keyboards on Ritual and Gates of Delirium
 * The Word Is Live (2005) - Keyboards on 4 songs of Disc Two
 * Yes 50 Live (2019) - Keyboards on Soon

With The Moody Blues

 * Long Distance Voyager (1981)
 * The Present (1983)
 * The Other Side of Life (1986)
 * Sur La Mer (1988)
 * Keys of the Kingdom (1991)

Compilation albums
 * The Story of The Moody Blues (1989)
 * Time Traveller (1994)

With Sons of Heroes

 * Sons of Heroes (1983)

With Moraz-Bruford

 * Music For Piano and Drums (1983)
 * Flags (1985)
 * Live in Tokyo (2009)
 * Music for Piano and Drums: Live in Maryland (2012)

With Moraz Alban Project (MAP)

 * M.A.P Project (2015)

title: Patrick Moraz


text:
Vīrya

 (Sanskrit; viriya) is a Buddhist term commonly translated as "energy", "diligence", "enthusiasm", "effort" or "heroism". It can be defined as an attitude of gladly engaging in wholesome activities, and it functions to cause one to accomplish wholesome or virtuous actions.

Etymology
literally means "state of a strong human" or "manliness." In Vedic literature, the term is associated with heroism and virility.

In Buddhism, refers to a practitioner's "energy", "persistence", "persevering," "vigour", "effort", "diligence",  or "exertion", and is repeatedly identified as a necessary prerequisite for achieving liberation.

Mental factor
Within the Buddhist Abhidharma teachings, is identified as:
 * One of the six occasional mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma
 * One of the eleven virtuous mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma

In this context, is defined as the attitude of gladly engaging in what is wholesome; its function is to cause one to accomplish wholesome actions.

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:
 * What is ? It is the mind intent on being ever active, devoted, unshaken, not turning back and being indefatigable. It perfects and realizes what is conducive to the positive.

In the context of the Mahayana Abhidharma, is commonly translated as diligence.

Pali literature
In Buddhism's Pali literature, is identified as critical component in each of the following sets of qualities conducive to Enlightenment :
 * the five spiritual faculties
 * the five powers
 * the ten or six "perfections"
 * the seven factors of enlightenment.

It is also associated with "Right Effort" of the Noble Eightfold Path (Pāli: ; Skt.: ) and with the "Four Right Exertions".

In the Kīṭāgiri Sutta (MN 70), the Buddha instructs his followers:
 * ... For a faithful disciple who is intent on fathoming the Teacher's Dispensation, it is natural that he conduct himself thus: 'Willingly, let only my skin, sinews, and bones remain, and let the flesh and blood dry up on my body, but my energy [Pali: ] shall not be relaxed so long as I have not attained what can be attained by manly strength [], manly energy [], and manly persistence []...."

Other characterizations
stands for strenuous and sustained effort to overcome unskillful ways, such as indulging in sensuality, ill will and harmfulness (see, e.g., and ).

can also be aroused by strong feelings of and the practice of the charnel ground meditations as outlined in the Satipatthana sutta.

It stands for the right endeavour to attain.

can also signify courage and physical strength and was cultivated by Buddhist guardians including the Shaolin monks. It signifies strength of character and persistent effort for the well-being of others as well as the ability to defend the Triratna from attacks.

In the absence of sustained effort in practicing meditation, craving creeps in and the meditator comes under its influence. Right effort is thus required to overcome unskillful mental factors and deviation from.

title: Vīrya


text:
Steve Peters (Manitoba politician)

Stephen Peters (December 27, 1912 – November 29, 1976) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Manitoba legislature from 1958 to 1966, as a representative of the social-democratic Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and its successor, the New Democratic Party.

Peters was born in Winnipeg. The son of John Peters, he was educated at Winnipeg and the neighbouring suburb of Elmwood (later a part of the amalgamated city of Winnipeg), and worked for several years as a mechanic. Peters served in the Canadian military during World War II. He worked for Canada Packers, retiring in 1975. In 1939, Peters married Doris Marjorie Greustad. He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1958 provincial election, defeating incumbent Liberal-Progressive MLA Alexander Turk in the newly created riding of Elmwood, by a margin of about 800 votes.

Peters faced a strong challenge from Progressive Conservative candidate Emerson Snyder in the 1959 general election (in which the PCs won a majority government under the leadership of Dufferin Roblin). Peters was re-elected, but his majority was reduced to under 200 votes; Turk finished a distant third. Peters again faced a difficult re-election in 1962; he was again victorious, but the difference between himself and the third-place candidate was less than three hundred votes.

Peters's electoral strength in Elmwood was based on his strong connection to unionized labour in the community. He resigned from the legislature in 1966; the riding was subsequently held by Russell Doern, who turned it into a safer seat for the NDP.

He died in Winnipeg at the age of 63.

title: Steve Peters (Manitoba politician)