text:
Lord Buckley

Lord Richard Buckley (born Richard Myrle Buckley; April 5, 1906 – November 12, 1960) was an American stand-up comedian and recording artist, who in the 1940s and 1950s created a character that was, according to The New York Times, "an unlikely persona ... part English royalty, part Dizzy Gillespie."

Michael Packenham, writing in The Baltimore Sun, described him as "a magnificent stand-up comedian... Buckley's work, his very presence, projected the sense that life's most immortal truths lie in the inextricable weaving together of love and irony—affection for all humanity married to laughter."

Buckley's unique stage persona anticipated aspects of the Beat Generation sensibility, and influenced contemporary figures as varied as Dizzy Gillespie, Lenny Bruce, Wavy Gravy, Del Close, and, even after Buckley's death, Ken Kesey, George Harrison, Tom Waits, Frank Zappa, Robin Williams, and Jimmy Buffett. Bob Dylan, in his book Chronicles, said "Buckley was the hipster bebop preacher who defied all labels."

Early life
Buckley's father, William Buckley, was from Manchester, England. He stowed away on a ship that eventually arrived in San Francisco. In California, William met Annie Bone. They married, and their son, Richard, was born in Tuolumne, a small town near Sonora, in a mountainous region where lumbering was a major industry. As children, Buckley and his sister, Nell, would often perform on the streets of Tuolumne, singing for coins from passersby. When he was a bit older, Buckley got a job in the local lumber camps as a "tree topper," which was considered an especially dangerous position. It involved climbing up to the very top of a tall tree, cutting off the tip and then securing ropes that would guide the rest of the tree as it was felled.

Career
By the mid-1930s, he was performing as emcee in Chicago at Leo Seltzer's dance marathons at the Chicago Coliseum, and worked his own club, Chez Buckley, on Western Avenue through the early 1940s. During World War II, Buckley performed extensively for armed services on USO tours, where he formed a lasting friendship with Ed Sullivan.

In the 1950s, Buckley hit his stride with a combination of exaggeratedly aristocratic bearing and carefully enunciated rhythmic hipster slang. He was known for wearing a waxed mustache along with white tie and tails. He sometimes wore a pith helmet. Occasionally performing to music, he punctuated his monologues with scat singing and sound effects. His most significant tracks are retellings of historical or legendary events, like "My Own Railroad" and "The Nazz". The latter, first recorded in 1952, describes Jesus' working profession as "carpenter kitty." Other historical figures include Gandhi ("The Hip Gahn") and the Marquis de Sade ("The Bad-Rapping of the Marquis de Sade, the King of Bad Cats"). He retold several classic documents such as the Gettysburg Address and a version of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven." In "Mark Antony's Funeral Oration", he recast Shakespeare's "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears" as "Hipsters, flipsters, and finger-poppin' daddies: knock me your lobes." Reportedly, some of his comedic material was written for him by Hollywood "beatnik" actor Mel Welles.

Lord Buckley appeared on Groucho Marx's popular TV program You Bet Your Life in 1956. In 1959, he voiced the beatnik character Go Man Van Gogh in "Wildman of Wildsville", an episode of the Bob Clampett animated series Beany and Cecil. (The character reappeared in several episodes made after Buckley's death, when he was voiced by Scatman Crothers.)

Buckley adopted his "hipsemantic" delivery from his peers Cab Calloway, Louis Armstrong, Redd Foxx, Pearl Mae Bailey, Count Basie, and Frank Sinatra, as well as Hipsters and the British aristocracy.

Buckley enjoyed smoking marijuana. He wrote reports of his first experiences with LSD, under the supervision of Dr. Oscar Janiger, and of his trip in a United States Air Force jet.

Personal life
Lord Buckley claimed to have been married six times. He had a son, Fred Buckley. His final marriage was to dancer Elizabeth Hanson (whom he referred to in public as "Lady Buckley"), with whom he had a daughter Laurie (b. 1951) and a son Richard (b. 1952).

Death
In the autumn of 1960, Buckley's manager Harold L. Humes organized a series of club dates in New York City, and arranged for him to make another appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show (that was broadcast from the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York). However, on October 19, 1960, while Buckley was making a public appearance at the Jazz Gallery in St. Mark's Place in Manhattan, the New York Police Department (NYPD) stopped him over allegations he had "falsified information" on his application to get a New York City cabaret card; specifically he had omitted to record a 1941 arrest for marijuana possession. Cabaret cards had been a legal requirement since Prohibition for anyone, including performers, who wished to work in New York's nightclubs or the entertainment industry. Because working without a license could mean arrest, revoking cards could permanently end careers – a threat that had been used in the past for political purposes or to solicit payoffs from performers.

At a hearing two days later to have his card reinstated, Buckley was supported by more than three dozen major figures in the entertainment and arts world. However, it developed into a confrontation between NYPD Commissioner Stephen P. Kennedy and Buckley's friends and supporters, including Quincy Jones, George Plympton, and Norman Mailer.

Three weeks later, on November 12, 1960, Buckley died from a stroke at New York City's Columbus Hospital. His funeral was at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel at 81st Street and Madison Avenue in New York City on November 16, 1960. Buckley was cremated at the Ferndale Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. The scandal of Buckley's death, partially attributed to the seizure of his cabaret card, helped lead to the transfer of authority over cabaret cards from the police to the Licensing Department.

Legacy
Ed Sullivan reflected, "he was impractical as many of his profession are, but the vivid Buckley will long be remembered by all of us."

"The jingle-jangle morning" in "Mr. Tambourine Man" is a phrase Bob Dylan said he took from Lord Buckley. from the line, "Jingle jangle bells all over", in "Scrooge."

Early in his career Dylan performed "Black Cross", one of Lord Buckley's signature pieces, originally written in 1948 by Joseph S. Newman. Dylan's version is one of the tracks on the 1969 bootleg recording Great White Wonder.

Composer David Amram composed a concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra titled Ode to Lord Buckley, and dedicated it to Buckley's memory.

Arlo Guthrie has cited Lord Buckley and Bill Cosby as the primary inspirations behind his song "Alice's Restaurant".

George Harrison's solo song "Crackerbox Palace" was inspired by Buckley's former home in Los Angeles. The song mentions Buckley in the line "know well the Lord is well and inside of you," as well as Buckley's manager George Grief.

Jimmy Buffett performed a version of Buckley's "God's Own Drunk" on his 1974 album Living and Dying in 3/4 Time and it became a signature piece for him until the release of Margaritaville in 1977. On his 1978 live album You Had to Be There, Buffett stated that the song is performed "with much respect to Lord Richard Buckley." Buffett performed his version less frequently after being sued for copyright infringement by Buckley's son in 1983. This lawsuit prompted the writing of "The Lawyer and the Asshole."

George Carlin, during his acceptance speech at the Second Annual Comedy Hall Of Fame Awards, mentioned a long list of his comedy influences, and ended with "the great, great, great Lord Buckley." This can be heard in the televised show.

A feature-length documentary, Too Hip for the Room: The Righteous Reign of Lord Buckley was released in 2016.

Memorial
On December 5, 1960, largely on the initiative of WEVD's Mort Fega, a jazz memorial tribute to the late Buckley—as well as a benefit fundraiser for his widow and children—was held at the same venue in which he had last performed, the Jazz Gallery in New York. Participants included, among others, Ornette Coleman, Dizzy Gillespie, Dizzy Reece, Thelonious Monk, Ed Blackwell, Nick Stabulas, and Babs Gonzales, as well as comedians Orson Bean and Larry Storch. For the occasion, at least two original compositions were unveiled, with Gonzales debuting "Old McDonald Did the Twist" and Monk performing "The Lord Buckley Blast."

Samples in music
Buckley's work has been sampled by Jaylib and Madvillain.

 * A quote from 'The Gasser', saying "They didn't know where they was going but they knew where they was, wasn't it", was sampled in "Everyday Robots" by British singer and Blur frontman Damon Albarn, the lead single from his debut solo album of the same name.
 * Coldcut's "70 Minutes of Madness" mix contains a sample of Buckley's monologue on religion.
 * Buckley's "hipsters, flipsters, and finger poppin' daddies" line was sampled by The Waterboys in their song "Where the Action Is."

Discography
Only four albums and three singles were released in his lifetime, but many collections have been released since, including:
 * Hipsters, Flipsters and Finger Poppin' Daddies Knock Me Your Lobes, RCA Victor, catalog #'s LPM-3246 (10" 33 rpm LP) and EPB-3246 (7" 45 rpm two EP record set), 1955
 * Euphoria, Vaya Records, catalog # VLP 101/2, 1955 (recorded 1951)
 * Euphoria Volume II, Vaya Records, catalog # LVP-107/108, 1956 (recorded 1954)
 * Way Out Humor, World Pacific, catalog # WP-1279, 1959
 * Buckley's Best, Liberty, catalog # LBS 83191E, 1960
 * Parabolic Revelations Of The Late Lord Buckley, Pye Records/Nonesuch, catalog # PPL 208, 1963
 * The Best of Lord Buckley, Crestview Records, catalog # CRV-801 (mono), 1963
 * Lord Buckley In Concert, World Pacific, catalog # WP-1815, 1964
 * Blowing His Mind (and yours too), World Pacific, catalog # WP-1849, 1966
 * The Best of Lord Buckley, Elektra Records, catalog # EKS-74047, 1969
 * The Bad Rapping of the Marquis De Sade, World Pacific, catalog # WPS-21889, 1969
 * a most immaculately hip aristocrat, Straight Records / Reprise, catalog # STS-1054 / RS-6389, 1970

title: Lord Buckley


text:
Mathews Bridge

The Mathews Bridge is a cantilever bridge in Jacksonville, Florida, which spans the St. Johns River. Constructed in 1953, the bridge brings traffic along the Arlington Expressway between downtown Jacksonville and the Arlington neighborhood. It was named after John E. Mathews, a Florida state legislator and Chief Justice of the 1955 Florida Supreme Court who helped gather funding for the bridge's construction. Originally silver in color, the bridge was painted garnet in 1984 in celebration of Jacksonville's short-lived United States Football League franchise, the Jacksonville Bulls.

History
Discussion on building a bridge to Arlington and the beaches began in the early 20th century when cars became more popular. In 1938 Duval County Commission discontinued ferry service to help encourage support for a new bridge. At this time, only the Acosta Bridge and Main Street Bridge crossed the St. Johns River for vehicle use. Another reason for a new bridge was congestion on the two bridges. John E. Mathews, a state legislator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, helped secure funding for a new bridge. The cost of constructing a bridge was $11 million to be backed by bonds and toll revenues. Tolls remained for the Mathews Bridge until 1989. The John E. Mathews Bridge opened on April 15, 1953.

The bridge had a notoriously problematic grating in the center span. After the previous grating wore out, a new one was installed, causing drivers to complain that the replacement was slippery and difficult to cross. That grating was replaced with a new, "state of the art" grating, which also provoked controversy causing citizens to pressure the Jacksonville City Council to act again concerning the grating. This initially only resulted in reducing the speed limit and roughing up the grating. In 2007, the bridge underwent a $12.9 million deck replacement project to replace the open grating over the center span with a concrete riding surface, and has since been reopened for public use.

In the early afternoon on September 26, 2013, the Military Sealift Command ship USNS 1st. Lt. Harry L. Martin collided with the center span of the Mathews Bridge. The damage caused to the bridge was sufficient that it was closed indefinitely until it could be inspected and repaired. Following repairs, the Mathews Bridge reopened in the early morning of October 29, 2013.

Part of the reason of the accident was because the charted height of the bridge was incorrect. The bridge owners (Florida Department of Transportation) notified the Coast Guard that the bridge was surveyed and the new height was 146 ft. This new measurement is 6 ft lower than the previously published height.

No notification of the vessel's height has been published by the Navy, but local news articles report that FDOT has evidence that the vessel's height was also 5+1/2 ft taller than its plans indicated.

In popular culture

 * The Mathews Bridge is referenced in "My Generation" by Limp Bizkit, who started out in Jacksonville.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mathews Bridge


text:
Talk:Hydrazine

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Wikiworkenviro.

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Lack of information
This article appears to be missing a lot of relevant information.

In many wiki pages referencing hydrazine and in other material on the internet, it is always mentioned how highly toxic this substance is both to humans and the environment in general. Yet this article has almost no information on this, there is a brief list of symptoms of hydrazine poisoning but no explanation of how and why this is such a toxic substance. What does it actually do when it is inside the body? How does this interact with non-human life such as plants, and what impact does it have on things like the water table?

Furthermore, there is a lack of information surrounding hydrazines use as a fuel additive in the earlier days of dragcar racing. I originally came to this page wanting to find out about this exceedingly unwise use of the chemical and the health risks associated with it after reading dozens of anecdotes about people mixing it with fuel.

This article is exceedingly narrow in scope and needs serious work. Taurich (talk) 03:09, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Drag racing is probably not viewed as a major app, in terms of the amounts used. That attitude might explain the paucity of info on that issue.  Re your comment about the basis of its health effects: apparently not much is known about what hydrazine does in terms of molecular mechanisms.  Furthermore, according to an aviation health report, few problems have been reported (thus not much of an incentive to figure out how it kills).  Perhaps because people treat this stuff so carefully, and the anhydrous material is not readily available.  My two cents.--Smokefoot (talk) 01:46, 3 January 2018 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:34, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

acidity
the pka value in the table is on the right is wrong, its in fact the pka of the hydrazinium ion. i wouldve corrected it but couldnt find hydrazines pka anywhere. if anyone can find it, please add it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.62.113.172 (talk) 15:02, 30 June 2016 (UTC)

Hydrazine sulfate
Reacting hydrazine with sulfuric acid will form the salt called hydrazine sulfate.
 * H2SO4 + N2H4 → HSO4- + N2H5+

Hydrazine sulfate is often used as a substitute for real hydrazine. The hydrazine sulfate is reacted with a base to reform hydrazine which can be used for reductions, azotizations, and other uses in chemistry. Ericeleven (talk) 00:33, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

Probably add a list of known Hydrazine salts
We should add a list of known hydrazine salts so that people can read up on certain hydrazine salts if they want to. Ericeleven (talk) 17:13, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

This should be mentioned
I don't see why this is not even mentioned here: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, aka symmetrical dimethylhydrazine. The only two pieces of info that I have been able to rummage up about this compound are that a). It is difficult to manufacture, and b). It does exist.47.215.180.7 (talk) 05:08, 9 April 2018 (UTC)

Occupational Hazards Update
A few sub-sections of the previous edits were deleted and I would like to add the material in a manner consistent with the page design and wiki rules.

I believe the "health hazards" section was removed accidentally as this information was not directly referenced in the feedback. It is simply a paragraph explaining the common symptoms related to hydrazine exposure (along with sources) that are well-documented in the literature. Some of this information already existed before the edit but was incomplete, which is why I added a few more signs/symptoms.

The "treatment" subsection was removed with feedback that wiki does not provide advice. I cited the source of the information (CDC) and used words like "it is recommended" which was meant to refer back to the source, but I can understand that wiki would like to avoid the appearance of medical recommendations. Regardless, I will rewrite the paragraph to say "CDC recommends", etc. The content actually does not discuss detailed medical treatment and more focuses on overall response (remove contaminated clothing, wash skin, etc).

The "occupational uses" subsection was removed as it was redundant with uses described in the opening paragraph. I will remove the uses already cited and add the remaining information to the opening paragraph in order to better organize content. I would still like to include the Air Force specific use in aircraft, which may require a separate section as it does not seem appropriate in the introductory paragraph.

Thank you for the feedback and please advise issues.

Wikiworkenviro (talk) 15:47, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

Relation to Hydrazine (antidepressant)
I am not seeing the antidepressants in the Applications section for this page, but Hydrazine (antidepressant) is categorised with Category:Hydrazines. Is there a relation between these two?

pKb
The Kb and pKb values listed in the body text don't match. I'm not sure which value is correct, but the relationship between the two is pKb = -log(Kb) and that's not true for the two numbers listed Science Is My Life (talk) 10:16, 20 July 2021 (UTC)
 * pKa + pKb = 14 = 8.10 + 5.90.--Smokefoot (talk) 13:04, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

What other stuff is hydrazine soluble in?
Looking at the page for ammonia, I'm getting the impression that hydrazine dissolves well in alcohols, chloroform, and ethers. Does it dissolve in hydrocarbons as well, or does it react with them? DASL51984 (Speak to me!) 06:48, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Voyager 1 & 2
Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 spacecraft each has 16 hydrazine-based thrusters. • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 19:24, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

Use in LSD production
I was wondering if the fact that Hydrazine is a precursor to the manufacture of LSD is relevant here. Especially considering its cultural relevance: it was a key part of the famous drug bust "project Julie", as a wrapper containing the words "hydrazine hydrate" found in the car of one of the main chemists triggered the operation (see linked source). Ranamarathon (talk) 21:41, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

Hypergolic properties of hydrazine
Various hydrazines (eg, methyl hydrazine, dimethyl hydrazine) are hyperbolic with strong oxidants. Nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine is a hypergolic mixture used in NASA spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. Someone more knoweledgable than me on this should include this.

Possibly it might be enough to simply state that it is *hypergolic* with *nitrogen tetroxide* and link to those two. Dunno. Physical chemistry and how it's handled in Wikipedia is beyond my brain cell these days. 2001:8003:E40F:9601:645D:C915:B2CA:4B75 (talk) 23:06, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I believe this is already covered under Hydrazine, unless I'm missing a specific definition you're looking for. Reconrabbit (talk) 16:44, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hydrazine


text:
Talk:Lord of Asia

Untitled
Reader beware! In spite of 765 Google hits for "King of Asia" (the whole phrase), this term is a naive anachronism. "Asia" in the 4th century BCE did not mean Syria and Persia etc [my error; see below-- Wetman]. This "crowning" and this "title" are modern fantasies. Wikipedians are notably gullible when it comes to history, and an attempt to delete this nonsensical entry would doubtless be voted down. Nevertheless, after the battle of Gaugamela, in October 331, Darius escaped. At Arbela Alexander recovered Darius' wagon train and all his treasure. But is it a fact, as Wikipedia's Front Page asserted, that "Alexander was then crowned "King of Asia" in a magnificent ceremony in Arbela (modern-day Arbil, Iraq)" I don't think so. Wetman 08:06, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My understanding is that the title "King of Asia" was the main title used by Alexander and by the Seleucid Kings who followed him. Justin also uses the title for the Attalid kings of Pergamon. Here is a quote from Arrian, who quotes what is supposedly a letter from Alexander to Darius, where he refers to himself as King of Asia. He was apparently called "King of Lands" in Babylon, which was taken by the Greeks to mean "King of Asia." And Asia certainly did mean the whole of what we now call Asia. Herodotus used it in this sense, for instance. It was also used more specifically to refer to western Asia Minor. But the term "Asia Minor" is an ancient one, and obviously distinguishes Lesser Asia (i.e. Anatolia, the nearest part of Asia to the Greeks) from Greater Asia (the whole of what we now call Asia.) For the Greeks, at least from Herodotus, there were three continents - Europe, Asia, and Libya. I really don't think this is nearly as anachronistic as you think it is. john k 20:34, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If the title "King of Asia" were the main title used by Alexander and by the Seleucid Kings who followed him, then it would appear in their inscriptions. Perhaps it does: that would certainly convince me. The letter from Arrian's biography, however, is a fiction, an invention, like the speeches in Thucydides. A whole fictive correspondence of Alexander circulated in Hellenistic times, according to a good modern biography of Alexander, that by Robin Lane Fox. Herodotus (Histories II) does say
 * For they all [the Ionians] say that the earth is divided into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya, whereas they ought to add a fourth part, the Delta of Egypt, since they do not include it either in Asia or Libya. For is it not their theory that the Nile separates Asia from Libya? As the Nile, therefore, splits in two at the apex of the Delta, the Delta itself must be a separate country, not contained in either Asia or Libya.
 * So apparently Herodotus did place Persia within Asia, and I am mistaken. If Arrian came up with the title "King of Asia" in the 2nd centry CE, that would be worth mentioning in the article.

 * Arrian was thought to be a fairly conscientious historian - that is to say, that he based most of what he said on his sources, who were primarily Ptolemy and Aristobulus, who were reasonably contemporary with Alexander - one would assume, at least, that the correspondence probably wasn't simply made up by Arrian. But I certainly wasn't trying to suggest that the correspondence was genuine, though, as I am fairly certain it was not.  But it was an ancient, and, if you are correct, probably Hellenistic, fraud, which means that the title of "King of Asia" was one that would have at least seemed plausible as a title of Alexander to contemporaries (and to Arrian, of course).

 * Beyond this, it was my understanding that "King of Asia" was the Greek interpretation of the Babylonian "King of Lands" or "King of the World". The former was the primary title of the Persian kings, and since the Greeks knew that the Persian kings ruled neither Europe nor Libya, what the Persian kings actually were was "King of Asia."  But, I will admit, I have no direct evidence of this, and I'm uncertain.  The title "King of Asia" is definitely used by Justin's Epitome of Pompeius Trogus as the title of the Kings of Pergamon (at least, of some of them).

 * But let's see if we can find any evidence about the Seleucids. john k 05:45, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

BTW, Appian uses "King of Asia" to refer to Seleucus I:. john k 06:24, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

And here's Memnon using it to refer to Antiochus I:. john k 17:11, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Arrian also uses the title for Bessus, see here. john k 17:17, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

The title King of Asia ( more precisely lord of asia ie Kyrios tes Asias) was a title taken by Alexander after cutting the Gordian Knot hence fullfilling the old prophecy that whoever undo the knot shall become lord of Asia. here it is argued that Asia implies Asia Minor and not Asia proper. As such it would be more accurate to rename the article to lord of Asia and more precisely to Kyrios of Asia Melathron (talk) 15:21, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lord of Asia


text:
User:Slowking Man/Wikiphilosophy

I talk too much. This is a proven fact. So, I thought I'd talk about my reasons for editing Wikipedia and related projects. And, just to blow off steam, I figured I'd list my Wiki likes and dislikes.

Why I edit
Why do I spend time here? I could be goofing off, or working on things that are probably more urgent. Well, on one hand, I find it enlightening to edit. I've learned about a lot of interesting things from viewing articles. Also, it's nice to be in a community of (mostly) intelligent, like-minded people. My ultimate reason, however, is my belief in knowledge. Knowledge has power. I think that this power should be freely available to all who desire it. Wikipedia harnesses the Internet to deliver knowledge to anyone, anywhere. I think that this could have the potential to change the world. Look at the Chinese Wikipedia; it's already become a thorn in the PRC government's side. What we're doing has power.

What I edit
I edit pretty much any articles that I can get my grubby little hands on. I do a lot of Wikifying, grammar corrections, and the like. I have at least some knowledge of a broad range of subjects, which comes in handy. I've found myself spending a lot of time editing articles related to video and computer games, including the GCOTW articles. When I have time, I also perform administrative tasks such as taking care of closed Vfd debates. I've started helping maintain the Main Page by updating Template:In the news and protecting and unprotecting images featured on it.

Things I like

 * Cleaning up articles
 * Hard-working contributors (see: Angela, Raul654, Grunt, etc.)
 * Healthy debates
 * Well-written articles

Things I dislike

 * British English vs. American English debates (see Guerilla UK spelling campaign)
 * Edit wars
 * Not using the "Show preview" button
 * POV pushers
 * Revenge (i.e., listing users on RfC/RfAr for their deletions, votes, etc.)
 * Singular they
 * Trolls
 * Users who make no effort to be courteous
 * Vandals

title: User:Slowking Man/Wikiphilosophy


text:
WAM

WAM or Wam may refer to:

Arts

 * Weisman Art Museum, in Minneapolis
 * Women's Art Movement, a feminist art organisation in Australia
 * Worcester Art Museum, in Worcester, Massachusetts

People

 * Arne Wam (born 1952), Norwegian journalist
 * Svend Wam (1946–2017), Norwegian filmmaker
 * Wam Kat (born 1956), Dutch political activist and author
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), musician

Technology

 * Warren Abstract Machine, an abstract machine for the execution of Prolog
 * Web access management, a form of identity management
 * Web audience measurement, a tool that measures Internet usage in India
 * Wide area multilateration, a surveillance technology for air traffic management
 * WAM, a kind of wind wave model

Television

 * WAM (Emirates news agency), a news agency in the United Arab Emirates
 * WAM!, a cable television channel for children

Transport

 * Walmer railway station, Dover, Kent, England (National Rail station code WAM)

Other uses

 * WAM (Wide AC electric mixed), a classification of Indian locomotives
 * "Wam", a 2019 song by ASAP Ferg from the EP Floor Seats
 * Wam, Pakistan, a village of Ziarat District
 * Weekender Records or Weekender Artist Management
 * Weighted Average Mark, used for Academic grading in Australian universities
 * Wet and messy fetishism
 * Women, Action & the Media (WAM!), aNorth American non-profit focusing on gender justice and media issues

title: WAM


text:
User:Syd1435

AA

 * Australian Senate

BB

 * Ballot access
 * Ballot

DD

 * Dublin Port Tunnel

 * 1) REDIRECT 175.200.179.38 (talk) 00:48, 15 August 2013 (UTC)==EE==

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alls telecoms "Allinkrestwarmstart-";chr$(8). /**

all warmstarts. all "ENTERPRIZE" warmstarts rests. all "U.S.S." warmstarts rests. alls verifys. --~f175.200.179.38 (talk) 00:48, 15 August 2013 (UTC)]]

HH

 * Heuston Station
 * Hernando de Soto (economist)
 * Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (jurist)

II

 * Instant-Runoff Voting
 * Important people in rail transport

LL

 * List of New South Wales towns
 * New South Wales towns
 * List of people on stamps of Australia

MM

 * Mortgage

NN

 * New South Wales Government Railways
 * List of English words with diacritics

PP

 * Pearse Station
 * Preferential voting

SS

 * Supplementary Vote
 * Strata title
 * Spiral (railway)
 * Smart Battery Data what a good idea.

TT

 * Torrens Title

VV

 * Voting System

WW

 * William Charles Wentworth

YY

 * Yass

ZZ

 * Australian wikipedians' notice board
 * Zig Zag (railway)

title: User:Syd1435


text:
Martin Middlebrook

Martin Middlebrook (24 January 1932 – 19 January 2024) was an English military historian and author.

Education and military service
Middlebrook was educated at various schools, including Ratcliffe College, Leicester. He entered National Service in 1950, was commissioned in the Royal Army Service Corps (RASC), and served as a Motor Transport Officer in the Suez Canal Zone and Aqaba, Jordan. Middlebrook subsequently spent three years in Territorial Army service.

Career
Middlebrook wrote his first book The First Day on the Somme (1971) following a visit to the First World War battlefields of France and Belgium in 1967. The book is a detailed study of the single worst day for the British Army. Middlebrook gave the same single-day treatment to 21 March 1918, the opening of the German spring offensive, in The Kaiser's Battle. Middlebrook's Second World War books concentrate on the air war. A number of them again deal with a single day of action (The Nuremberg Raid, The Schweinfurt–Regensburg Mission and The Peenemünde Raid) while others cover longer air battles (The Battle of Hamburg and The Berlin Raids). Middlebrook also wrote two books on the Falklands War, one from the British and Falkland Islanders' perspective and one from the Argentinian perspective.

Death
Middlebrook died in Cheltenham on 19 January 2024, at the age of 91.

Honours
Middlebrook was a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS). He was appointed Knight of the Order of the Belgian Crown in 2004.

Books

 * The First Day on the Somme with much co-operation from John Howlett. (1971)
 * The Nuremberg Raid (1973)
 * Convoy SC.122 & HX.229 (1976) ISBN 9781848844780
 * Battleship: the loss of the Prince of Wales and the Repulse (with Patrick Mahoney) (1977) ISBN 0713910429
 * The Kaiser's Battle with much co-operation from Neville Mackinder. (1978) ISBN 071391081X
 * The Battle of Hamburg (1980)
 * The Peenemünde Raid (1982)
 * The Schweinfurt-Regensburg Mission (1983)
 * The Bomber Command War Diaries (1985) (with the late Chris Everitt) ISBN 0670801372
 * The Falklands War, 1982 (1985) first published as Operation Corporate
 * The Berlin Raids (1988)
 * The Somme Battlefields: a Comprehensive Guide from Crʹecy to the Two World Wars (with his wife Mary Middlebrook) (1991) ISBN 0670830836
 * Arnhem 1944 (1994) ISBN 081332498X
 * Your Country Needs You: from Six to Sixty-five Divisions (2000) ISBN 0850527112
 * Captain Staniland's Journey: The North Midlands Territorials Go To War (2003) ISBN 9780850529968
 * Captain Staniland's Journey: The North Midlands Territorials Go To War (2003) ISBN 9780850529968

title: Martin Middlebrook


text:
Sherry Jackson

Sherry D. Jackson (born February 15, 1942) is an American retired actress and former child star.

Early life
Jackson was born on February 15, 1942, in Wendell, Idaho. Her mother, Maurita, provided drama, singing, and dancing lessons for Sherry and her two brothers, Curtis L. Jackson, Jr., and Gary L. Jackson, beginning in their formative years. Her father, Curtis L. Jackson, Sr., died when she was 6, and Maurita moved the family from Wendell to Los Angeles, California.

By one account Maurita, who had been told while still in Idaho that her children should be in films, was referred to a theatrical agent by a tour bus driver whom they met in Los Angeles. According to another, she was referred by the friend of an agent who saw Sherry eating ice cream on the Sunset Strip. Apocryphal perhaps, but within the year Sherry had her first screen test, for The Snake Pit with Olivia de Havilland, and by the age of seven appeared in her first feature film, the 1949 musical You're My Everything, which starred Anne Baxter and Dan Dailey.

In 1950, young Sherry became friends with actor Steve Cochran while working with him on The Lion and the Horse. Steve introduced his friend, writer Montgomery Pittman, to Sherry's widowed mother. A romance developed, and Pittman married Maurita Jackson in a small ceremony on June 4, 1952, in Torrance, California, with Sherry as flower girl and younger brother Gary as ring-bearer; Cochran himself was Pittman's best man. In 1955 Cochran hired Pittman to write his next film, Come Next Spring, the first that Cochran produced himself. Sherry played the part of Cochran's mute daughter Annie Ballot, a role Pittman wrote specifically for his step-daughter.

During the course of appearing in several of the Ma and Pa Kettle movies during the 1950s as Susie Kettle, one of the titular couple's numerous children, Jackson also appeared in The Breaking Point, which starred John Garfield in his penultimate film role. In 1952 she portrayed the emotionally volatile visionary and ascetic Jacinta Marto in The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima and the following year played John Wayne's daughter in the football-themed Trouble Along the Way.

Make Room for Daddy

Jackson played the older daughter Terry Williams on The Danny Thomas Show (known as Make Room for Daddy during the first three seasons) from 1953 to 1958. During the course of her five years on the series, she established a strong bond with her on-screen mother, Jean Hagen, but Hagen left the series after the third season in 1956.

Worn out from the relentless pace of the production, Jackson left the program at the beginning of season six, once her five-year contract expired. To allow the writers to finish the character off, actress Penny Parker appeared in the role for fourteen episodes of season seven, in which the character gets married and moves away. Jackson's impact on the Danny Thomas viewing audience was such that, on February 8, 1960, she received a star for "Television" at 6324 Hollywood Blvd. on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Jackson did return as Terry for the premiere episode of the new series Make Room for Granddaddy in 1970.

Later roles
Over the next few years, Jackson broadened her range of acting roles by guest starring in television series, appearing as a hit woman on 77 Sunset Strip, a freed Apache captive who yearns to return to the reservation on The Tall Man, an alcoholic on Mr. Novak, a woman accused of murder on Perry Mason, and an unstable mother-to-be on Wagon Train. Sherry also appeared as a first season guest on The Rifleman episode “The Sister” playing the part of a horse riding sibling of two doting brothers. She played a gunslinger's promiscuous young bride in the Western series Maverick episode entitled "Red Dog" with Roger Moore, Lee Van Cleef and John Carradine. After a 1965 appearance on Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., she then made guest appearances on Lost in Space ("The Space Croppers", reuniting with her Danny Thomas co-star, Angela Cartwright), My Three Sons, Gunsmoke, Rawhide, The Wild Wild West ("The Night of the Vicious Valentine" and "The Night of the Gruesome Games", as two different characters), Batman, and the original Star Trek ("What Are Little Girls Made Of?").

When Blake Edwards remade the television series Peter Gunn as a feature film entitled Gunn (1967), Jackson was filmed in a nude scene that appeared only in the international version, not the U.S. release. Stills of the nude scene appeared in the August 1967 issue of Playboy magazine, in a pictorial entitled "Make Room For Sherry". The movie has not been released on VHS or DVD.

In 1968 Jackson co-starred in The Mini-Skirt Mob as a member of an all-female motorcycle gang, and appeared in the 1973 film Cotter opposite Don Murray and Carol Lynley. In subsequent years she appeared in TV movies such as Wild Women (1970), Hitchhike! (1974), The Girl on the Late, Late Show (1974), Returning Home (1975), Enigma (1977), The Curse of the Moon Child (1977) and Casino (1980).

In the 1970s through early 1980s she made guest appearances on TV shows Love, American Style, The Rockford Files, Starsky & Hutch, The Blue Knight, Switch, The Streets of San Francisco, Barnaby Jones, The Incredible Hulk, Fantasy Island, Vega$, Alice, Charlie's Angels and CHiPs.

Personal life
Jackson dated Lance Reventlow while he was estranged from his wife Jill St. John.

In 1967, she began a five-year relationship with business executive and horse breeder Fletcher R. Jones. On November 7, 1972, Jones was killed in a plane crash eight miles east of Santa Ynez Airport in Santa Barbara County, California. Five months after Jones's death, Jackson filed a palimony suit against his estate, asking for more than $1 million (equivalent to $ million in ), with her attorneys stating that Jones had promised to provide her with at least $25,000 a year for the rest of her life.

Jackson has a star for broadcast television on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6324 Hollywood Boulevard.

title: Sherry Jackson


text:
Torrens title

Torrens title is a land registration and land transfer system, in which a state creates and maintains a register of land holdings, which serves as the conclusive evidence (termed "indefeasibility") of title of the person recorded on the register as the proprietor (owner), and of all other interests recorded on the register.

Ownership of land is transferred by registration of a transfer of title, instead of by the use of deeds. The Registrar provides a Certificate of Title to the new proprietor, which is merely a copy of the related folio of the register. The main benefit of the system is to enhance certainty of title to land and to simplify dealings involving land.

Its name derives from Sir Robert Richard Torrens (1812–1884), who designed, lobbied for and introduced the private member's bill which was enacted as the Real Property Act 1858 in the province of South Australia, the first version of Torrens title enacted in the world. Torrens based his proposal on many of the ideas of Ulrich Hübbe, a German lawyer living in South Australia. The system has been adopted by many countries and has been adapted to cover other interests, including credit interests (such as mortgages), leaseholds and strata titles.

Overview
The Torrens title system operates on the principle of "title by registration" (granting the high indefeasibility of a registered ownership) rather than "registration of title". The system does away with the need for proving a chain of title (i.e., tracing title back in time through a series of documents). The State guarantees title, and the system is usually supported by a compensation scheme for those who lose their title due to private fraud or error in the State's operation.

In most jurisdictions, there will be parcels of land which are still unregistered.

The Torrens system works on three principles:
 * 1) Mirror principle – the register reflects (mirrors) accurately and completely the current facts about title to each registered lot. This means that each dealing affecting a lot (such as a transfer of title, a mortgage or discharge of same, a lease, an easement or a covenant) must be entered on the register and so be viewable by anyone.
 * 2) Curtain principle – one does not need to go behind the Certificate of Title as it contains all the information about the title. This means that ownership need not be proved by long complicated documents that are kept by the owner, as in the Private Conveyancing system. All of the necessary information regarding ownership is on the Certificate of Title.
 * 3) Indemnity principle – provides for compensation of loss caused by private fraud or by errors made by the Registrar of Titles.

Common law
At common law, the vendor of land needs to show his or her ownership of the land by tracing the chain of ownership back to the earliest grant of land by the Crown to its first owner. The documents relating to transactions with the land are collectively known as the "title deeds" or the "chain of title". This event may have occurred hundreds of years prior and could have had dozens of intervened changes in the land's ownership. A person's ownership over land could also be challenged, potentially causing great legal expense to land owners and hindering development.

Even an exhaustive title search of the chain of title would not give the purchaser complete security, largely because of the principle, nemo dat quod non habet ("no one gives what he does not have") and the ever-present possibility of undetected outstanding interests. For example, in the UK Court of Chancery case Pilcher v Rawlins (1872), the vendor conveyed the fee-simple estate to P1, but retained the title deeds and fraudulently purported to convey the fee-simple estate to P2. The latter could receive only the title retained by the vendor—in short, nothing. However, the case was ultimately decided in favor of P2, over P1. The courts of equity could not bring themselves to decide against a totally innocent (without notice) purchaser.

The common-law position has been changed in minor respects by legislation designed to minimize the searches that should be undertaken by a prospective purchaser. In some jurisdictions, a limitation has been placed on the period of commencement of title a purchaser may require.

Deeds registration
The effect of registration under the deeds registration system (also known as "record title") was to give the instrument registered "priority" over all instruments that are either unregistered or not registered until later. The recording of the deed served to give notice to the world of the conveyance of title to the grantee named in the deed. The basic difference between the deeds registration and Torrens systems is that the former involves registration of instruments while the latter involves registration of title.

Moreover, though a register of who owned what land was maintained, it was unreliable and could be challenged in the courts at any time. The limits of the deeds-registration system meant that transfers of land were slow, expensive, and often unable to create certain title.

Creation

Sir Robert Richard Torrens, Registrar-General and Treasurer of the colony of South Australia and later a member of the House of Assembly, lobbied for many years for a new title system to improve the currently cumbersome, slow and expensive system of land transfer. He was largely responsible for shepherding the new Bill through Parliament, enacted in 1858 as the Real Property Act 1858. The system laid out in this bill became known as the Torrens title system, and was based on a central registry of all the land in the jurisdiction of South Australia.

Torrens drew ideas from the system of registration of merchant ships in the United Kingdom, experience gained from his years of working as a customs official. He also used many of the ideas incorporated in the Act from Ulrich Hübbe, a German lawyer living in South Australia at that time, who had expert knowledge of the Hanseatic registration system in Hamburg.

Land register
The central aspect of the Torrens system is the land register, in which all dealings with land are recorded. The register may be a bound paper record, but today most registers are typically kept in a database. Ownership of the land is established by virtue of the owner's name being recorded in the government's register. The Torrens title also records easements and the creation and discharge of mortgages.

On the first registration of land under the system, the land is given a unique number (called a volume-folio number) which identifies the land by reference to a registered plan. The folio records the dimensions of the land and its boundaries, the name of the registered owner, and any legal interests that affect title to the land. To change the boundaries of a parcel of land, a revised plan must be prepared and registered. Once registered, the land cannot be withdrawn from the system.

A transfer of ownership of a parcel of land is effected by a change of the record on the register. The registrar has a duty to ensure that only legally valid changes are made to the register. To this end, the registrar will indicate what documentation he or she will require to be satisfied that there has in fact been a change of ownership. A change of ownership may come about because of a sale of the land, or the death of the registered owner, or as a result of a court order, to name only the most common ways that ownership may change. Similarly, any interest which affects or limits the ownership rights of the registered owner, such as a mortgage, can also be noted on the register. There are legal rules which regulate the rights and powers of each of these interests in relation to each other and in relation to third parties.

The State guarantees the accuracy of the register and undertakes to compensate those whose rights are adversely affected by an administrative error. Claims for compensation are very rare.

Effect of registration
The main difference between a common law title and a Torrens title is that a member of the general community, acting in good faith, can rely on the information on the land register as to the rights and interests of parties recorded there, and act on the basis of that information. A prospective purchaser, for example, is not required to look beyond that record. He or she does not need even to examine the Certificate of Title, the register information being paramount. This contrasts with a common law title, which is based on the principle that a vendor cannot transfer to a purchaser a greater interest than he or she owns. As with a chain, the seller's title is as good as the weakest link of the chain of title. Accordingly, if a vendor's common law title were defective in any way, so would be the purchaser's title. Hence, it is incumbent on the purchaser to ensure that the vendor's title is beyond question. This may involve both inquiries and an examination of the chain of title, which can be a protracted and costly exercise each time there is a dealing in the property.

The registered proprietor of Torrens land is said to have an indefeasible title, which means that his or her title can be challenged only in very limited circumstances (see following).

Indefeasibility of title
The register of titles is said to confer “indefeasibility of title” to the person or persons registered on the register as proprietor or joint proprietors of land. Although the concept of indefeasibility is similar to that of conclusive evidence, in practice there are some limitations to indefeasibility, and different jurisdictions have different laws and provisions.

For example, in the Australian state of Victoria, the Torrens system is manifested in the Transfer of Land Act 1958 (Vic). Upon registration of an interest and subsequent recording on title of the interest, the registered owner's claim to that interest is superior to all other claims other than those listed in s.42 of that Act, which provides that the title of the registered interest holder is subject to, inter alia:

 * those listed on the title,
 * those claiming the land on a prior folio (s.42(1)(a)),
 * where the land is included by wrong description on the part of the Registrar and the proprietor is not or has not derived title from a purchaser ‘for value’ (s.42(1)(b),
 * “paramount interests” (s.42(2)(a)-(f)) – these interests, although even possibly unregistered, are 'superior' to interests that are registered.

Additionally, there are other exceptions or circumstances that can defeat indefeasibility, such as:

 * fraud committed by the registered interest holder [principle of immediate indefeasibility]. See, for example, the New Zealand case of Efstratiou, Glantschnig, and Petrovic v Glantschnig,
 * judicial action, where it can be shown that there was some contractual promise or undertaking by the registered party vis-à-vis the unregistered party,
 * inconsistent legislation (in which case the most recent legislation prevails),
 * volunteer, where the registering party acquires the interest for no consideration (e.g. bequeathed in a will). By contrast, in New South Wales volunteers are entitled to indefeasibility.

Adoption
The adoption of the Torrens title registry throughout the British Commonwealth, and its legal context, was covered in depth by James Edward Hogg in 1920.

Australia
The first sale of land registered under the system was to pastoralist William Ransom Mortlock (later elected to the South Australian House of Assembly ) on 25 August 1858.

Starting in South Australia with the Real Property Act 1858 (which was later repealed and replaced by the Real Property Act 1886), all Australian colonies introduced the Torrens system between 1858 and 1875. Since then, each colony, and since 1901, state or territory, has maintained its own land titles register of land.

The Torrens system did not replace the common law system but applied only to land grants effected after the introduction of the Torrens system in the jurisdiction and to land that was voluntarily registered under the relevant Act. In Australia most land is now held under the Torrens system, although remnants of the old system of land title still remain, called “General law land”. All land in the Australian Capital Territory is leasehold (effectively Torrens freehold), while much of the Northern Territory is held under Crown lease. Native Title is recognised as a separate form of ownership. Some land remains as Crown Land.

Canada
The second Torrens jurisdiction in the world was established in 1861 in the then-British colony of Vancouver Island, now part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Canada, through the federal Parliament in 1886, implemented the Torrens system in the Northwest Territories. It has continued to be used by the three Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) into which the southern part of the Northwest Territories was divided. British Columbia uses a modified Torrens system. Since 1885, Ontario has used an English system, which is not a Torrens system, but it has similar purposes. In Ontario, electronic registration led to this version covering almost all land, but the past deeds registration still governs some issues. For properties still under deeds registration, a 40-year rule governed title, but the government converted them under a streamlined process. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia converted from a Deeds registration system to a Torrens title system in the 2000s, with the expense of the changeover charged to the purchaser. The only provinces in Canada which do not have Torrens titles include Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, which is a civil rather than common law jurisdiction and instead uses the cadastre system.

Fiji
Fiji's Torrens statute is the Land Transfer Act 1971.

Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic has been using the Torrens Title System since 1920. All of commercial property and most real estate within the main cities are registered and thus guaranteed under the system. An acceleration of registration for land in the rural areas is underway in the 21st century, to promote a more efficient and effective real estate market in the Dominican Republic.

Ireland
Ireland first began to operate a Torrens Title system in 1892. So-called registered land (i.e. land held under a Torrens title) is recorded in the Republic of Ireland using a system of numbered county-level folios. The land registry is operated by the Property Registration Authority, a government agency, and records both freehold and leasehold titles, along with easements/profits-a-prendre, mortgages, and any other charges over land. It is compulsory to create a folio in the land registry if land is sold/transferred/subdivided, multi-storey buildings are erected, or a new lease (over five years) is created. The vast majority of land in Ireland (by acreage) is held under Torrens title as compulsory registration in the land registry upon sale has been a requirement in rural areas for many years. Compulsory registration was extended to the (more urban) counties of Cork, Dublin, Galway, Limerick and Waterford in 2010, thus extending mandatory Torrens title to every part of the Republic of Ireland.

Israel
A Torrens title system was implemented by the British in Mandatory Palestine, and has continued in use since Israel's foundation in 1948. As of 2016, about 4% of the country's land area is still registered under a pre-Torrens, deeds registration system.

Malaysia
Malaysia has adopted three versions of the Torrens system:
 * For Peninsular Malaysia, this is enacted in the National Land Code, Act 56 of 1965.
 * For the state of Sarawak, this is enacted in the Sarawak Land Code, Chapter 81 of 1958.
 * For the state of Sabah, this is enacted in the Land Ordinance (Sabah Chapter 68). Unlike the National Land Code and the Sarawak Land Code, the Land Ordinance (Sabah Chapter 68) does not provide any indefeasibility of title.

New Zealand
New Zealand adopted a similar system from 1870 under the Land Transfer Act, 1870 The Land Transfer (Compulsory Registration of Titles) Act 1924 brought most of the remaining land in the country under the Torrens system and by 1951 the register was considered complete, although small remnants of land may still exist under the deeds system. The Land Transfer Act 1952 further implemented the Torrens system. In the 20th century, academics and judges disagreed about whether to interpret indefeasibility as "deferred" or "immediate". In 1967, the Privy Council in Frazer v Walker decided that a registered owner will obtain an indefeasible title to an interest or estate as soon as they become the registered owner of the interest or estate (the principle of immediate indefeasibility).

The 1952 Act was superseded by the Land Transfer Act 2017. The 2017 Act introduces a judicial discretion to cancel an owner's registration of title in cases of "manifest injustice", which arguably frustrates the certainty of title considered fundamental to the principle of immediate indefeasibility.

In New Zealand most land is held under the Torrens Title system, although remnants of the old system of land title still remain. Māori customary title (native title) is recognised as a separate form of ownership. Some land remains as Crown Land (i.e. in New Zealand, public land).

Philippines
The Torrens system was established in the Philippines on 6 November 1902, by the enactment of Act No. 496, "The Land Registration Act", which was virtually identical to the Real Property Act of Massachusetts of 1898.

Russia
Russia adopted the Torrens system soon after the founding of the Soviet Union. Currently, the accounting and registration system for rights to immovable property in Russia is governed by two federal laws, which have adopted some of the elements and principles of the Torrens system. Accounting for land, buildings and natural sites is recorded in a database of real estate cadastre under federal law of 2007 No. 221-FZ "On State Real Estate Cadastre". Transactions by the account holder of these facilities is recorded in another database: “the Unified State Register of rights to immovable property and transactions with them” on the basis of federal law of 1997 No. 122-FZ "On State Registration of Rights to Real Estate and Transactions Therewith". Both laws established openness cadastre and registry information, and assigned to a single organization responsible for their management - Rosreestr. Entry in the Unified State Register of real property rights is a necessary and sufficient condition for the emergence of property rights to real estate. For information about the property, contained in the cadastre and registry, sufficiently detailed and structured cover most essential information about an object runs open cadastral map. With a fairly simple web forms can be found and read a part of the information on any object property. These laws are not, however, establish an immediate full liability of the state for the correctness of the information contained in databases. In 2015, the State Duma has been registered a bill that covers public access to information about the owners of the property. The bill was supported by the Government. According to some experts, the restriction of information openness reduces the chances of identifying the public cases of illegal enrichment and increases business risks.

Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia introduced a Torrens system in 2002 with The Realty in Kind Registration Law, issued by Royal Decree No. 6 on 9/21423H

Singapore
Singapore adopted a version of the Torrens system beginning in 1960 with the Land Titles Act, Chapter 157. Conversion of all titles was completed in 2001.

Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has introduced a version of the Torrens system known as Bim Saviya under the Registration of Title Act No. 21 of 1998. The Survey Department of Sri Lanka had started the process of surveying government and private own land for the entry into the Bim Saviya registration. As of date the process has not finished in land surveying and converting land owners original deeds into Certificate of Titles. The program has become highly controversial, with claims that it mirrors the reclamation of crown land by the British colonial government of Ceylon under the Prevention of Encroachments upon Crown Lands Ordinance No 12 of 1840 with the government taking over ownership of land its occupants cannot prove ownership of and the high possibility of fraud, lack of recognition of Certificate of Title issued under the Bim Saviya program and the lack of provisions for co-ownership.

Thailand
Thailand adopted the Torrens system in 1901 after King Chulalongkorn established The Royal Thai Survey Department, a Special Services Group of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, engaged in Cadastral survey, which is the survey of specific land parcels to define ownership for land registration, and for equitable taxation.

United States
Proposals to implement Torrens title systems in the United States have been strenuously opposed by the title insurance industry. The high initial cost of Torrens registration is another barrier to the system's implementation.

The Torrens system is used in the U.S. territory of Guam. States with a limited implementation include Minnesota, Massachusetts, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, New York, North Carolina, and Ohio. Previously, Virginia and Washington implemented it, however the system has since been repealed in these states.

The state of Illinois was the first state to adopt a Torrens Title Act, which used a limited Torrens system in Cook County after the Great Chicago Fire, but the system was allowed to expire on 1 January 1992, after it was found to be unpopular with lenders and other institutions.

California adopted the Torrens System in 1914 pursuant to an initiative statute. Although participation in the system was voluntary, once an owner had registered his land, he could not withdraw from the system. The Torrens System, as adopted in California, did not protect buyers from defects caused by federal tax liens, federal bankruptcy proceedings, or from incompetency, divorce, or probate proceedings affecting the seller. Since the system had been adopted by initiative, the legislature had no authority to correct those deficiencies. By an initiative adopted in 1954, the legislature was given authority to amend or repeal the system, and, in 1955, it was repealed.

Virginia enacted a Torrens system option. However, it never became popular and the Torrens Act was abolished in 2019. Record title is now the only form of land title registration in Virginia. Washington had voluntary Torrens registration until June 2022, at which time new registrations were discontinued. Existing registrations were terminated on 1 July 2023.

title: Torrens title


text: File:Memoir44 USBox.jpg

title: File:Memoir44 USBox.jpg


text:
File:Chasing Liberty poster.JPG

Summary
Chasing Liberty film poster

Fair use rationale

 * This is a lower quality image depicting promotional material from the film.

title: File:Chasing Liberty poster.JPG


text:
Chasing Liberty

Chasing Liberty is a 2004 romantic comedy film directed by Andy Cadiff and starring Mandy Moore and Matthew Goode. Written by Derek Guiley and David Schneiderman, it is about the 18-year-old daughter of the President of the United States whose rebellion against the constant presence of Secret Service agents in her life leads to a European adventure and an unexpected romance. It was filmed on location in Prague, Venice, Berlin, London, Chelmsford and Washington, D.C.

Plot
Anna Foster is the daughter of POTUS James Foster. After Secret Service agents ruin a first date, Anna demands less supervision. For his upcoming trip to Prague, the president agrees to assign only two agents to watch over Anna, whose Secret Service codename is Liberty.

In Prague, Anna and her friend Gabrielle La Clare attend a concert, where she spots numerous agents in the crowd. Believing her father has broken his promise, she eludes her protectors with Gabrielle's help. Outside the theater, she asks Ben Calder for a ride on his motorbike. Unknown to Anna, Ben is a Secret Service agent, and he informs agents Alan Weiss and Cynthia Morales where she can be found. When the president learns of her behavior, he instructs Ben to guard her without revealing his identity, to give her the illusion of freedom while guaranteeing safety.

Believing she is finally free, Anna jumps into the Vltava River naked, mistaking it for the Danube, and she and Ben climb a rooftop to watch an Offenbach opera being shown in a plaza. The next morning, Anna calls her parents. Initially relieved his daughter is safe, the President's tone changes when he is shown photos of her skinny-dipping. Outraged at her father's tone, Anna decides she will go to the Love Parade in Berlin. She and Ben board a train, where they meet Scotty McGruff, a flighty romantic backpacker who gives them a stack of Six Million Dollar Man stickers, telling them to post them in random places. One day when they are unhappy, they may come across one and it will make them smile. Ben discovers that they have boarded a Venice-bound train going in the opposite direction from Berlin.

In Venice, after checking in with agents Weiss and Morales—who are now growing closer romantically—Ben joins Anna and McGruff and together they explore the city. McGruff disappears with Anna's wallet, she is recognized by tourists and she and Ben flee. With no money, they tell a kind-hearted gondolier, Eugenio, that they recently married against her parents' wishes. During the free gondola ride, Ben kisses Anna to hide her from their pursuers. When he learns the "newlyweds" have no place to stay, Eugenio invites them to his house, where they are welcomed by his mother, Maria. That night, thinking their kiss was heartfelt, Anna offers herself to Ben, but he rejects her advances.

The next day, Eugenio drives them to the Austrian border, as Weiss and Morales show up at Maria's house and are told that Anna and Ben are married, which is then reported to Anna's parents, causing confusion. Upset at Ben's rejection, Anna hitchhikes a ride in a truck, leaving him to chase her through the Austrian countryside. Anna comes to a bridge, where she meets the Jumping Germans, a bungee jumping group. Ben arrives just as she is being strapped into the harness, and insists on jumping with her.

Later that evening at the Jumping Germans' camp, one of the Germans invites Anna to share his tent for the night. She refuses and flirts with Ben, who rejects her advances again. Upset, she declares that she will share the German's tent after all; Ben finally admits his feelings for Anna and they spend the night together. At the Love Parade, as Ben explains his actions on the phone to his fellow agents, Anna discovers his identity. Enraged at the apparent betrayal, she runs off, only to be harassed by a group of men who recognize her. Ben rescues her, and Anna and her family return to the United States.

While preparing for college, Anna tells her mother her heart is "a little bit broken." At college, with Weiss and Morales (who plan to marry) still protecting her, she sees a Six Million Dollar Man sticker, reminding her of her European adventure. During Christmas break Anna's father tells her Ben resigned from the Secret Service and is working as a photographer in London. During an exchange program to Oxford University she visits him at the opera, where they kiss, reconcile, and escape on his motorbike.

Cast

 * Mandy Moore as Anna Foster
 * Matthew Goode as Secret Service Special Agent Ben Calder
 * Stark Sands as Grant Hillman
 * Jeremy Piven as Special Agent Alan Weiss
 * Annabella Sciorra as Special Agent Cynthia Morales
 * Mark Harmon as President James Foster
 * Caroline Goodall as First Lady Michelle Foster
 * Tony Jayawardena as White House Guard
 * Sam Ellis as Phil
 * Terence Maynard as Harper
 * Lewis Hancock as Press Secretary
 * Garrick Hagon as Secretary of State
 * Zac Benoir as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * Jan Goodman as National Security Advisor
 * Robert Ashe as Chief of Staff
 * Beatrice Rosen as Gabrielle la Claire
 * Martin Hancock as Scotty McGruff
 * Joseph Long as Eugenio
 * Miriam Margolyes as Maria
 * Adrian Bouchet as Gus Gus
 * The Roots as Themselves

Production
In November 2000, it was announced Alcon Entertainment had purchased Untitled First Daughter Project by screenwriters Derek Guiley and David Schneiderman with Andy Cadiff signed to direct.

Story
The storyline was directly inspired by Chelsea Clinton, who was photographed trying to blend in with other students at a Stanford basketball game.

The problem that Anna Foster (Moore) faces in the film—excessively protective Secret Service agents guarding children of United States Government officials—was previously explored in the 1980 comedy First Family, with Bob Newhart as the president.

The story in many ways echoes the 1953 romantic comedy Roman Holiday with Gregory Peck, Audrey Hepburn and Eddie Albert. Hepburn played a princess who slips away from her handlers to be squired around Rome, also on a motor scooter, by Peck, not realizing that he knows her identity and plans a magazine story. In both films, the leads are accompanied by a goofy friend, in this case played by Albert.

Filming locations
The exterior scenes of the White House were in fact filmed at Hylands House in Chelmsford, Essex, England, because of its resemblance to the White House. Blueprints of the White House were also used to create a digital replica, which helped make the exterior scenes look authentic.
 * Washington, D.C., United States
 * Prague, Czech Republic
 * Venice, Italy
 * Berlin, Germany
 * London, England
 * Hylands House, Chelmsford, Essex, England
 * Barrandov Studios, Prague, Czech Republic
 * Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire, England

Soundtrack
The original score by Christian Henson was nominated for the World Soundtrack Award in 2004. The film also features the songs:

 * "American Girl" – written by Tom Petty; performed by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
 * "Life Will Go On" – written and performed by Chris Isaak
 * "If I'm Not in Love" – written by Dawn Thomas; performed by Faith Hill
 * "Stop the Rock" – written by Hoxley, Gray, Gray and Noko; performed by Apollo 440
 * "Vivi Davvero" – written and performed by Giorgia
 * "Stay Away" – written by Robert Schwartzman; performed by Rooney
 * "Melody" – written by Joe DuBass Henson, Darren Rose, Wasi; performed by 7th Sun
 * "The Seed" – written by Tariq Trotter and Cody ChesnuTT; performed by The Roots
 * "Deja Vu" – written by Frantisek Cerny; performed by Frantisek Cerny, Milan Cimfe and Pavel Karlik
 * "If You Won't" – written and performed by Jesse Harris
 * "Who Needs Shelter" – written by Jason Mraz, Eric Schermerhorn and Chris Keup; performed by Jason Mraz
 * "Get Busy" – written by Sean Paul, S. Marsden; performed by Sean Paul
 * "You're Free" – written by John Ciafone, Lem Springsteen, Ultra Naté, Paul Masterson; performed by Yomanda
 * "Satisfaction" – written by A. Benassi; performed by Benny Benassi presents The Biz
 * "Wide Open Space" – written by Paul Draper; performed by Mansun
 * "Nessun dorma" – written by Giacomo Puccini; performed by Amici Forever
 * "To Be With You" – written by Caroline Lost, Christian Henson; performed by Caroline Lost

Box office
Chasing Liberty opened on January 9, 2004, worldwide in 2,400 theatres, earning $6,081,483 on its opening weekend. It went on to gross $12,195,626 domestically with an additional $117,697 in international revenue, totaling $12,313,323 in worldwide gross earnings, failing to bring back its $23 million budget.

Critical response
The film received mostly negative reviews from critics. Chasing Liberty scored an 18% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 117 reviews, with a consensus that it was "Formulaic comfort food for the teen crowd." Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post wrote, "Chasing Liberty will probably win over as many fuddy-duddy fathers as fillies with its mixture of sweetness tempered with genial cynicism."

Roger Ebert gave the film a two out of four star rating and found it "surprisingly good in areas where it doesn't need to be good at all, and pretty awful in areas where it has to succeed." Ebert did appreciate Moore's performance, writing, "Moore is just plain likeable, a slurpee blended from scoops of Mary Tyler Moore, Sally Field and Doris Day."

In his ReelViews review, James Berardinelli called Chasing Liberty "a fairly standard-issue teen romantic comedy."

In his review in the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle wrote, "Chasing Liberty is a kind of remake of It Happened One Night (1934), updated and retooled for a young audience that won't recognize the connection." LaSalle applauds the film's ability to evoke a young girl's experience of being on her own for the first time, writing, "Anna and Ben romp through Prague and, later, Venice, having adventures and misadventures and meeting various colorful characters, and it's all quite engaging. We understand what this freedom means to Anna, partly thanks to Moore's expressive intelligence, but also through director Andy Cadiff's technique. We see a rock concert, a late-night outdoor screening of an operatic film and the splendors of historic cities through the eyes of a young girl experiencing them for the first time."

Accolades

 * 2004 Teen Choice Award Nomination for Choice Breakout Movie Star – Male (Matthew Goode)
 * 2004 Teen Choice Award Nomination for Choice Movie – Date Movie
 * 2004 Teen Choice Award Nomination for Choice Movie Actress – Drama/Action Adventure (Mandy Moore)
 * 2004 Teen Choice Award Nomination for Choice Movie Liar (Matthew Goode)
 * 2004 World Soundtrack Award Nomination for Discovery of the Year (Christian Henson)

title: Chasing Liberty


text:
Memoir '44

Memoir '44 is a light wargame or war-themed strategy board game for two players. It was created by Richard Borg and published in 2004 by Days of Wonder. Illustration done by Julian Deveil and Cyrrile Dejuan. The game can be played with up to six players if played in teams and up to eight players in the "Overlord" scenarios. However, "Overlord" requires two copies of the game. It received the 2004 International Gamers Award for General Strategy, 2-Player category and The Wargamer 2004 Award for Excellence. The game is published in English and French (as Mémoire 44) by Days of Wonder.

Memoir '44 simulates over a dozen of the battles connected with the D-Day invasions in World War II. It uses an enhanced version of the same Command & Colors game system as found in Battle Cry.

Gameplay Summary
Players start the game by choosing a scenario, representing a battle from World War II. Scenarios are available from the manual, the internet, or can be invented by players. The terrain and starting positions are laid out according to the scenario.

The battlefield, on a hexagon-gridded board, is divided into three sections by two red dotted lines, giving each player a left flank, a center and a right flank section.

Troops are commanded by playing a command card, which orders troops to move, battle and/or execute a special command. There are two types of command cards: Section cards and Tactic cards. Section cards are used to order a move and/or battle in a specific section. These cards indicate in which sections of the battlefield units may be given orders, and how many units may be commanded. Tactic cards allow players to make special moves, battle in a specific way or take special actions, as explained on the card.

The object of the game is to be the first to win a set number of Victory Medals, usually 4 to 6, depending on the selected battle scenario's victory conditions. A Victory Medal is gained for each enemy unit entirely eliminated from the battlefield. In some scenarios, additional Medals may be gained from the board map itself, for capturing and holding certain terrain hexagons (hexes) or battlefield objectives.

Scenarios
There are a dozen scenarios in the base game as well as several more in the various expansions. Most of these scenarios are created from famous battles in World War II. Official scenarios (the ones published in scenario booklets and on the Days of Wonder internet site) have full support from the DoW team and are thoroughly playtested to ensure balance between the two players (e.g. not a total overrun of German troops at the start of the Soviet campaign) and others represent tougher battles like the assault on Omaha Beach, where the Allied player has difficulty in crossing the beach inland.

Another section online is devoted to scenarios the Memoir '44 owners themselves created. These are unofficial and so not playtested by the DoW team, but mostly by the creators themselves. (In rare cases these scenarios are later adopted officially.) These scenarios allow the Memoir '44 player to have experiences designed by other players.

Command cards
Command Cards are used to order soldiers around the board. Command Cards are divided in two types: Section and Tactic cards. There are a total of 60 Command Cards which is divided into 40 section cards and 20 tactic cards. A Command Card is played first to start each turn, followed by ordering units. After all orders are completed, a player replenishes their hand by drawing a new Command Card from the deck.

Section cards
Section cards are cards that specify the number of units ordered in a specific section. These numbers run from 1-3 and All (meaning that all the units in a particular section can be ordered). Examples include "Probe Left Flank" (allowing a player to order 2 units on the left flank) and "Assault Right Flank" (allowing a player to order all units on the right flank).

A special section card is Recon-1 (with particular section: left, center or right). A player may only order 1 unit in the section stated on the card but at the end of the turn the usual drawing of one Command card is replaced by a choice of one from two Command cards.

Every turn, a maximum of one card can be played, except for the Ambush Tactic Card, which is played against an action by the other player.

Tactic cards
Tactic Cards are different from section cards in that they do not specify exactly a number of orders in a certain section. These tactic cards consist of special actions or enhancements to battling (such as adding an extra die).

Examples include "Armor Assault" (order four tank units, units in Close Assault, next to the enemy unit, may battle with an extra die) and "Medics and Mechanics" (order one unit, roll dice to 'heal/repair' the unit by adding figures according to number of dice, and let it move and battle).

Expansions
Days of Wonder has released several expansions to the game. All these expansions require at least one copy of the original game to be played. The expansions are listed in chronological date of release.

Terrain Pack
This expansion pack consists mostly of new terrain, landmarks, and badges. Its main purpose is to allow for a much greater variety in scenario creation. Using its components, players can design a wide variety of new scenarios and also play many other user-developed scenarios from the Memoir 44 website. Examples of tiles include landmarks like a radar station (with optional special rules), roads (which enhance movement), railroads and a train, new bridges and badges (Airborne, engineers).

Eastern Front
This expansion pack comes with an additional side, the Soviet Union. The Red Army consists of Infantry figures, T-34 tanks and the ZIS-3 Artillery gun. It contains terrain, mainly winter terrain, badges, a Commissar Chip, and extra rules to play one of the 8 new scenarios included with the game.

Winter / Desert Board Map
This is a new board for use with the expansions. One side features a desert map for use with the Terrain Pack and Mediterranean Theatre expansion and the other side features a winter map for use with the Eastern Front expansion or snowy scenarios on the Western Front. Simplified Campaign Rules and Blitz Rules are also added.

Pacific Theatre
This expansion features the Japanese army including infantry figures, Type 95 Ha-Go light tanks, and the Type 88 75 mm AA Gun used as artillery piece. The expansion also features new terrain tiles, all in Pacific style, including jungles and rice paddies. Also included are War Ships (destroyer, Aircraft carrier) and the night visibility chart, which influences fighting and range.

Air Pack
This expansion pack, released on December 18, 2007, introduces airplanes into the scenarios. It includes a set of 8 painted miniature planes, air rules for scenarios, updated command cards, and updated scenarios.

The 8 painted Aircraft are, for each power respectively:

United States:
 * Lockheed P-38 Lightning
 * Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
 * Vought F4U Corsair

United Kingdom
 * Supermarine Spitfire

Soviet Union:
 * Yakovlev Yak-1 (also used for the 7 and 9 series)

Germany:
 * Messerschmitt Bf 109
 * Fieseler Fi 156 Storch

Japan:
 * Mitsubishi A6M Zero

As of December 17, 2013 the Air Pack has been discontinued and is now only available as a PDF download on Days of Wonder's website.

Mediterranean Theatre
This expansion introduces the British army, consisting of infantry, 25 pounder gun-howitzers, and Crusader tanks. It also includes new terrain, obstacles, badges, rules, 8 new scenarios, and a new class of special weapon equipment.

Campaign Bag
An olive drab game bag with several pockets. On the outside are Memoir 44 logos and other artwork. It is large enough to store two copies of the original game and all the current expansions. Comes with an additional two-sided paper breakthrough map. On one side of the new breakthrough map is regular terrain. On the other side is a brand new breakthrough scenario titled Breakthrough to Gembloux.

New Flight Plan
An air expansion that streamlines and simplifies the rules of the original Air Pack with brand new rules for air to ground and air to air warfare. Alongside new rules, the expansion also included 16 unpainted airplane miniatures, 30 air combat cards, 8 reference cards for the airplanes, 15 nation markers for the airplanes, 18 machine gun markers, 12 bomb markers, 1 rules booklet and 1 booklet with 21 new scenarios. The expansion was released at the end of May 2019.

Battlemap Series
Days of Wonder also started to create battlemaps themselves. These battlemaps are large battles played in Overlord style (or even bigger, as is the case with Tigers in the Snow). Another feature of the battlemaps is that it includes extra materials, like miniatures or new cards. Battlemaps have included "Hedgerow Hell", "Tigers in the Snow", "Sword of Stalingrad", "Disaster at Dieppe", "Battles of Khalkin Gol", and "Through Jungle and Desert".

Campaign Books
Two campaign books have been published by Days of Wonder.

Campaign Book Volume 1
Campaign Book Volume 1 was published in 2009 and contains fifty scenarios and campaign rules in which players can play many of these scenarios together in larger campaigns, some scenarios found in the Campaign Book Volume 1 require the Terrain Pack & Eastern Front. As of December 17, 2013 this volume has been Out Of Print and is now only available as a PDF download.

Campaign Book Volume 2
Campaign Book Volume 2 was published in 2011, expanding on the campaign rules found in Campaign Book Volume 1, Campaign Book Volume 2 contains 46 scenarios which are covered in 11 different campaigns. Some scenarios found in the Campaign Book Volume 2 require the Terrain Pack & Pacific & Air Pack.

Reviews

 * Family Games: The 100 Best

Awards and honors
Memoir'44
 * 2004 Charles S. Roberts Best World War II Boardgame Nominee
 * 2004 International Gamers Awards - General Strategy; Two-players
 * 2004 France - Nominee Tric Trac
 * 2005 Årets Spill Best Strategy Game Winner
 * 2005 Games Magazine Best New Historical Simulation Game Winner
 * 2005 Wargamer.com Award of Excellence
 * 2005 Boardgameratings.com Best 2 player Game

title: Memoir '44


text:
Talk:Alvin and the Chipmunks

Suggesting article split for Alvin and the Chipmunks (band)
This article feels undecided whether it is about the virtual band featured in the franchise, or about the franchise itself. It has a band's infobox and its opening statement refers to the band, yet this article also serves as the main article of the entire Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise (TV shows, movies, and music releases).

I suggest a split to be made so that this article's sole purpose is for the francise, and an article to be created for Alvin and the Chipmunks (band). Lazz_R 19:54, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Support, preferably under the name Alvin, Simon, and Theodore. This article seems fairly confusing, as it is going back and forth between the franchise and the band, and giving the chipmunks their own article would easily solve this. (Oinkers42) (talk) 17:53, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Support, this article should be an overview of the franchise, with extra details moved into the appropriate "sub"article or removed (like the in-universe character bios). ~EdGl   talk  17:57, 21 October 2020 (UTC)

Support but under thr name of The Chipmunks Fanoflionking 19:40, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Support per above. This article could do with being split. Sahaib3005 (talk) 17:51, 9 November 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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Is one reliable source enough to make an addition?
According to this article in The Hollywood Reporter  : https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/chipmunk-song-turns-60-secrets-a-holiday-classic-1169762?fbclid=IwAR1Jwbny9pKCN85Y2V2V_sdzmPCaBGwjYRxnx1nFKOFscTJcfG9NE9TgjwQ, the Chipmunk sound during their busy recording heyday was secretly provided by 60's era session vocal group, The Eligibles. This fact should change the claim that Bagdasarian was the only voice on the recordings. However, this article is the only source of this news, and given the fringe quality of this bit of trivia, it's unlikely to ever receive additional mainstream coverage. Question: is this single source sufficient to qualify for inclusion in this article? I'm a bit hesitant to edit it in, allowing for the possibility that it is a made up claim and Bagdasarian is no longer around to dispute it. Still, the logic of hired, uncredited session men--typical of the era--is believable. ShelbyMarion (talk) 17:16, 22 December 2018 (UTC)

Hmm. I would say no, because its only one source. However, according to mediabiasfactcheck.com, hollywoodreporter.com is Factual, but biased towards the Left-Center (source: https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/hollywood-reporter/ ). LK55ABF (talk) 13:27, 18 April 2019 (UTC)

The Wikipedia entry for Johnny Mann states that he was the singing voice of Theodore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:14D:4480:B9E0:11B6:4E24:2B74:FCFC (talk) 06:56, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

Removed juvenile vandalism.
Edited the following garbage: "Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker, who quickly became the star of the group after doing the Jordan; Simon, the tall, bespectacled intellectual; and Theodore, the one who is getting the best head."

Seriously, people have nothing better to do than to insert sexual inneuendo into an article on Alvin and the Chipmunks? That's more than a little pathetic. Changed to: "Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker; Simon, the tall, bespectacled intellectual; and Theodore, the chubby, shy one." HillbillyProfane (talk) 05:42, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

removed the redirect
no redirects

"Ian hawke" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Ian hawke. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 December 3 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Regards, SONIC   678  04:13, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

Requested move to "The Chipmunks"

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not Moved (non-admin closure) >>> Extorc . talk  12:41, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Alvin and the Chipmunks → The Chipmunks – Per WP:COMMONNAME, the article's name should reflect the most common usage. The band is known widely as the Chipmunks. The article was moved to the Chipmunks in 2006, but it was moved back in 2007. Neither of those moves was discussed. The band was first known as David Seville and the Chipmunks, as seen on 1959 and 1960 record labels, but it was shortened to the Chipmunks later in 1960, and it remained the Chipmunks from that point onward. The prefix "Alvin and" was never used officially, and is not a common usage either. Binksternet (talk) 15:25, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose One quick look at Google Ngrams,, shows that the current title is more well-known. Ollieisanerd  (talk) 16:01, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
 * How can a Google Ngrams search result include the years before the prefix "Alvin and" was ever used? I don't trust that result at all. It reeks of recentism, for a group that was invented in 1958–1959. John Bush's first biography of the virtual band (as published by AllMusic) gave them the name of the Chipmunks, and exactly none of their music was published under the name Alvin and the Chipmunks until 1992's Chipmunks in Low Places. There was an animated TV show with the band called The Alvin Show during 1961–62, then there was another cartoon TV show called Alvin and the Chipmunks from 1983 to 1990, which did not change the band's name at the time. It was only after the 2007 film Alvin and the Chipmunks (film) that the Alvin prefix was stuck on the front end for good. So for the first two decades of the band's virtual history they had no such prefix, and from 1983 to 2007 the Alvin prefix was not common. AllMusic still can't figure it out; they have two biography pages of the band, one under the short name (http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chipmunks-mn0000069707) and one with the Alvin prefix (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/alvin-the-chipmunks-mn0000744969/biography). It's the same text. The 1983 book The Chipmunk Story by Janice Karman gives the short name throughout. Zero zilch nada on the prefix "Alvin and". She should know! Binksternet (talk) 17:36, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the ngrams starting in 1800, Google just automatically puts it to that year. Here's a version of it where it actually starts when they were first created: . Your point about how the prefix "Alvin and" wasn't that popular until 2007 is correct, it's just that the films significantly boosted the popularity of them, and all of the films start with "Alvin and". The films are what I imagine to be why most people even know of them in the first place, and the films are much more recent. Ollieisanerd  (talk) 21:08, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose, the name commonly used, that most readers will search for, is "Alvin and the Chipmunks". That's what's on their Hollywood star, and is used in most any reliable source discussing the franchise. The article is about the band and the franchise and the characters, which as a whole, is called "Alvin and the Chipmunks". Nothing wrong with using more recent sources to determine the WP:COMMONNAME.--Cerebral726 (talk) 18:51, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose per other opposing editors. --Killuminator (talk) 18:54, 12 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose, "Alvin" is regularly included in the name. Randy Kryn (talk) 15:51, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Common and historical name is current name. Steel1943  (talk) 17:32, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Binksternet you have it backwards - Alvin and the Chipmunks is the COMMONNAME here. Never heard this referred to as "The Chipmunks" in all my life. – Davey 2010 Talk 17:50, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment. Note that Article_titles supports the suggested move. The example given is the state of Rhode Island which is formally known as State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. is just concise enough to establish the topic. Binksternet (talk) 19:05, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Rhode Island is simply Rhode Island now, they removed the rest from the name. Killuminator (talk) 19:14, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * The concision content guideline still applies here. Binksternet (talk) 19:34, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Comment. The ratio of albums released by the Chipmunks (short name) versus Alvin and the Chipmunks is infinity up through 1991, with 34 albums in a row credited to the Chipmunks (short name). In 1992, the first "Alvin and" album was released: Chipmunks in Low Places. After that, more albums were released as the Chipmunks, with "Alvin and" creeping in here and there. "Alvin and" albums were released in 1994 and '98 but short billing appeared in '95 and '96. A film soundtrack was released in 2003 billed as Little Alvin and the Mini-Munks, so who knows where that one fits into the larger scheme. In 2007 and 2008, albums were released under "Alvin and". Not counting re-releases of older recordings, I calculate a ratio of 36:5, or seven times more music released under the short name. Binksternet (talk) 19:05, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

 * •Oppose - come again? 4theloveofallthings (talk) 20:59, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose - "Alvin and..." is the most common point of reference. See WP:COMMONNAME. Given WP:NAMECHANGES, it seems odd to regress to pre-21st century vernacular for an entity that remains popular and in franchise today. Since the 90s, titles almost ubiquitously follow the more recent convention. Doughbo (talk) 21:47, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Alvin and the Chipmunks


text:
Ludes

Ludes is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France. As of 2017, its population is 640.

title: Ludes


text:
Herdla (island)

Herdla is an island in the municipality of Askøy in Vestland county, Norway. The 1.6 km2 island lies just north of the larger island of Askøy and just west of the island of Holsnøy. The island is surrounded by the Herdlefjorden and Hjeltefjorden.

The island of Herdla was part of the municipality of Herdla until 1 January 1964 when it was merged into Askøy. The island has a nature reserve with 220 registered species of birds. During the Second World War, it was the site of Herdla Airport and some coastal fortifications. Herdla Church is located on the island.

Air base and coastal fortifications
During the Second World War, all of Herdla was in effect a military base for the German Luftwaffe. The flat area "Herdlevalen" was considered a good place for an airport. The air base at Herdla was important to defend the west coast of Norway against Allied attacks. Many fortifications were built to hinder possibly invading forces. All civilians had to leave the island. In 1945, they came back to an island full of military installations.

Herdla was seriously considered as the site for Bergen's main airport. After the war the air traffic control for the Bergen area was placed at Herdla. However, in 1955, the airport was finally built at Flesland instead, since that would not require boat to reach it.

After the war some of the military installations were assimilated into the Royal Norwegian Coastal Artillery, who also built a series of new installations on the island. In recent years the fortress has been used for training new recruits for the coastal artillery, but the fortress was permanently closed in 2000 as a part of a major restructuring of the Norwegian Armed Forces, when the Royal Norwegian Coastal Artillery was decommissioned.

title: Herdla (island)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AccuRev

AccuRev was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to delete. Cool Hand Luke  21:18, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Delete - Press release --66.245.216.246 08:39, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Don't delete - this was not written by an employee of AccuRev and is not a press release. It contains information relevant to the SCM community as a whole. 15:35, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Another lost VfD nomination. I'm leaning toward weak delete. Google lists 2920 hits which seems low for a software application. I'd probably switch to keep if it also covered information on the comany itself. Cool Hand Luke  05:35, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete To the anonymous poster above; How do you know it wasn't written by an employee? (personal attacks removed) jericho4.0 07:27, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Whoa. Easy there. I'd imagine the anon above might know if he or she wrote the article (from different IPs, apparently). Cool Hand Luke  07:36, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I have to say that it's advertising, even if the author doesn't mean it to be. "New product" and then a features list?  These things are enticements.  Again, though, my own feeling is that encyclopedia articles discuss their subjects, and I'm not sure that discussion is possible here.  Therefore, delete.  Geogre 13:48, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not Freshmeat. --Improv 18:07, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AccuRev