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USS Trumpetfish

USS Trumpetfish (SS-425), a Balao-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for trumpetfish, any of several fishes so-called for their deep, compressed body and long, tubular snout. Her keel was laid down on 23 August 1943 at Philadelphia by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company. She was launched on 13 May 1945 sponsored by Mrs. Oswald S. Colclough, and commissioned on 29 January 1946.

Trumpetfish and USS Tusk (SS-426) are erroneously listed with the Tench class in some sources, as their hull numbers are in the sequence assigned to that class.

Pacific Fleet service
A combined shakedown and goodwill cruise to ports in the Caribbean Sea in the early spring of 1946 preceded the submarine's westward cruise to Pearl Harbor. Highlighting the ship's training operations in Hawaiian waters was her intentional torpedoing of the large I-400-class submarines which had been captured at the end of World War II.

Atlantic Fleet service
Trumpetfish returned to the East Coast for local operations out of New London, Connecticut, and, late in 1946, was briefly based at Annapolis to conduct training cruises for United States Naval Academy midshipmen. In the summer of 1947, as the ship underwent a Greater Underwater Propulsive Power Program (GUPPY) conversion, her hull was streamlined, a snorkel system was added, and higher capacity batteries were installed. The net result of the conversion enhanced the ship's offensive capabilities and increased her maximum submerged speed.

Attached to Submarine Squadron 4, based at Key West, Florida, Trumpetfish conducted local operations and training exercises off the East Coast. In September 1953, she participated in NATO Exercise "Mariner" and then was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea with the Sixth Fleet.

After returning home, the ship operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean through 1955. Following duties out of Key West in January and February 1956, Trumpetfish proceeded to Guantanamo Bay for service with the Fleet Training Group. In July, the ship took part in midshipmen training cruises from Annapolis, Maryland, to Guantanamo Bay and back.

In the fall of 1956, the ship joined a hunter-killer group for a deployment to Europe and the Middle East. Departing Norfolk on 1 October 1956, Trumpetfish sailed for European waters and participated in training exercises as she crossed the Atlantic. After calling at Brest, France, Trumpetfish suddenly received word of a crisis in the Levant.

Middle East deployment
President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser had nationalized the previously British-owned Suez Canal, and prevailing Arab-Israeli tensions had erupted into warfare while British and French troops attacked Egyptian positions. Trumpetfish made her best speed for Suda Bay and joined the Sixth Fleet in peace-keeping missions in the eastern Mediterranean. With the cessation of hostilities, Trumpetfish resumed her Mediterranean cruise operating briefly with the Italian fleet before returning to Key West on 28 January 1957.

The submarine conducted local operations out of her home port until 29 August, when she got underway for European waters and fall NATO exercises. Air, surface, and submarine forces of NATO nations engaged in tests and exercises to hone their capabilities to defend the NATO nations against possible aggression. After returning to Key West on 25 October, Trumpetfish operated out of that base conducting training and exercises into 1959.

During her next Mediterranean deployment, she snorkeled through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. In August 1959, as part of Atlantic Fleet dispersal plans, Trumpetfish’s home port was changed to Charleston, South Carolina. During January and February 1960, the submarine took part in operations in the North Atlantic before briefly visiting Scotland. She subsequently participated in exercises in the western Atlantic Ocean, before a major refit at Charleston during 1961 modernized the ship to a Greater Underwater Propulsive Power Program (GUPPY) III configuration. The alterations increased her capabilities by adding 15 ft to her length, by giving her better weapons and electronics, and by extending her range.

Cuban Missile Crisis
Trumpetfish resumed a schedule of local antisubmarine warfare operations out of Charleston, alternating deployments to the Mediterranean and duty with the Sixth Fleet. She participated in emergency operations during the tension precipitated by the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. The submarine later participated in several inter-type fleet exercises in home waters and in the Caribbean. Trumpetfish underwent a routine yard period at Charleston before taking part in Exercises "Plumb Bob I" and "Minibox" in 1965. After a Mediterranean deployment in early 1966, the ship took part in "Plumb Bob II" and provided services for the David Taylor Model Basin.

Post Cuban Missile Crisis
Subsequently, assigned the primary mission of providing services for antisubmarine warfare forces, Trumpetfish stood ready to conduct mining and reconnaissance missions as well. On 12 January 1970, the submarine departed Charleston for Cape Kennedy, provided services en route to submarine USS Remora (SS-487), and conducted type training exercises. A port visit to Cape Kennedy occupied 16 January to 18 January, before the submarine got underway for Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to provide services for the Naval Ordnance Laboratory Test Facility (NOLTF) there. Ten days of local operations at the NOLTF preceded the ship's providing services for USS Henry Clay (SSBN-625) during the nuclear ballistic missile submarine's sea trials off the Florida coast from 6 February to 8 February. Subsequently, taking part in Operations "Springboard" and "Exotic Dancer III," Trumpetfish headed for Philadelphia, and a yard overhaul which would last through the summer and fall and into December 1970.

After the long overhaul, the submarine participated in type and refresher training off the East Coast before she headed for the Caribbean in the spring. Among her activities were those which provided services for the Federal Republic of Germany's destroyer GERMAN DESTROYER Lütjens between 7 May and 14 May. The exchange of several crew members with the Bundesmarine ship during this time provided a valuable and enlightening experience.

On 5 June, after participating in a fleet naval mine test, Trumpetfish commenced six weeks of pre-deployment upkeep, with sea trials from 12 July to 16 July. On 23 July, the submarine departed for South American waters and Operation "Unites XII." Joining Task Force (TF) 86, Trumpetfish arrived at Cartagena, Colombia, on 6 August, prior to transiting the Panama Canal to proceed down the Pacific coast of South America. She crossed the equator on 20 August and made port at Callao, Peru, on 30 August. The ship operated with TF 86 for two weeks after the four-day port visit at Callao, before arriving at Valparaíso, Chile, on 17 September.

The submarine traversed the inland waterway and the Strait of Magellan and arrived at Punta Arenas, Chile, on 4 October. She conducted operations during "Unites XII" off the Atlantic coast of South America, with visits to March Del Plata, Argentina, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before rejoining TF 86 at La Guaira, Venezuela, on 2 December. Bidding farewell to the task force four days later, the ship sailed for Charleston and arrived at her home port on 17 December 1971.

Trumpetfish remained with SubRon 4, operating out of Charleston through 1972. She deployed to the Caribbean again on 25 January 1973. Later conducting torpedo tests off Newport, Rhode Island, the submarine operated with British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (R09) off San Juan, Puerto Rico, in May, before returning to Charleston on 30 January. Upkeep, type training, and services for Patrol Wing 11 in the Jacksonville, Florida, area preceded the ship's arrival at Charleston on 15 August to prepare for decommissioning.

Transfer to Brazilian Navy
On 15 October 1973, at Charleston, Trumpetfish was decommissioned, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register, and turned over to the Brazilian government.

She was commissioned into the Brazilian Navy as Goias (S-15) (named for Goias, the Brazilian state) with Commander Edouardo Russo her first commanding officer. Goias was deleted from the Marinha do Brasil on 16 April 1990.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Trumpetfish


text:
Pablum

Pablum is a processed cereal for infants originally marketed and co-created by the Mead Johnson & Company in 1931. The product was developed at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto to combat infant malnutrition.

Developers of Pablum included Canadian pediatricians Frederick Tisdall, Theodore Drake, Pearl Summerfeldt, Alan Brown, laboratory technician Ruth Herbert (all of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto), and Mead Johnson chemist Harry H. Engel.

Name
The trademarked name is a contracted form of the Latin word pabulum, which means "foodstuff". The word "pablum" had long been used in botany and medicine to refer to nutrition or substances of which the nutritive elements are passively absorbed. In a broader sense, "pablum" can refer to something that is simplistic, bland, mushy, unappetizing, or infantile.

Description
Pablum Mixed Cereal was made from a mixture of ground and precooked wheat (farina), oatmeal, yellow corn meal, bone meal, dried brewer's yeast, and powdered alfalfa leaf, fortified with reduced iron – providing an assortment of minerals and vitamins A, B1, B2, D, and E. Pablum is palatable and easily digested without causing side effects like diarrhea or constipation. It does not contain common allergens such as chicken eggs, lactose or nuts of any kind, while it does contain wheat and corn, which can be allergenic for some.

History
Pablum was developed in 1930 by Canadian pediatricians Frederick Tisdall, Theodore Drake, and Alan Brown, in collaboration with nutrition laboratory technician Ruth Herbert (all of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto), along with Mead Johnson chemist Harry H. Engel. At the time, breast-feeding had declined in the middle and upper classes, with the effect that the diets of babies were often deficient in essential elements. The cereal marked a breakthrough in nutritional science: it helped prevent rickets, a crippling childhood disease, by ensuring that children had sufficient vitamin D in their diet. From the bone meal, it had about 12 ppm fluorine, which works out to about what pediatricians were prescribing about four decades later.

Although neither Pablum nor its biscuit predecessor was the first food designed and sold specifically for babies, it was the first baby food to come precooked and thoroughly dried. The ease of preparation made Pablum successful in an era when infant malnutrition was still a major problem in industrialized countries.

For a period of 25 years, the Hospital for Sick Children and the Toronto Pediatric Foundation received a royalty payment on every package of Pablum sold. In 2005, the Pablum brand was acquired by the H. J. Heinz Company.

title: Pablum


text:
User talk:Allieblum

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. RickK 19:28, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Allieblum


text:
Manningtree

Manningtree is a town and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England, which lies on the River Stour. It is part of the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Smallest town claim
Manningtree has traditionally claimed to be the smallest town in England, but its 2007 population of 700 people in 20 hectares and the 2011 census population for the civil parish of 900 are much higher than the 351 population of Fordwich, Kent. However, it is believed to be the smallest town by area.

In April 2009 it was proposed that Manningtree should merge with Mistley and Lawford to form a single parish, losing its separate identity as a town. As of 2023 such a merger has not occurred.

History
The name Manningtree is thought to derive from 'many trees'. The town grew around the wool trade from the 15th century until its decline in the 18th century and also had a thriving shipping trade in corn, timber and coal until this declined with the coming of the railway. Manningtree is known as the centre of the activities of Matthew Hopkins, the self-appointed Witchfinder General, who claimed to have overheard local women discussing their meetings with the devil in 1644 with his accusations leading to their execution as witches.

Many of the buildings in the centre of the town have Georgian facades which obscure their earlier origins. Notable buildings include Manningtree Library, which was originally built as 'a public hall for the purposes of corn exchange' and was later used around 1900 for public entertainment, and the Methodist church located on South Street, completed in 1807.

The Ascension, by John Constable, which now hangs in Dedham church, was commissioned in 1821 for the altarpiece of the early seventeenth century church on the High Street, demolished in 1967.

Governance
Manningtree is part of the electoral ward called Manningtree, Mistley, Little Bentley and Tendring. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 4,603.

Geography
Manningtree is on Holbrook Bay, part of the River Stour in the north of Essex. It is the eastern edge of Dedham Vale.

Nearby villages include Dedham, Mistley, Lawford, Wrabness and Brantham.

Transport

Manningtree railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line and provides regular, direct services to London, Norwich and Harwich.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East and ITV Anglia. Television signals are received from the Sudbury TV transmitter.

The town is served by both BBC Essex and BBC Radio Suffolk. Other radio stations including Heart East, Greatest Hits Radio Essex, and Actual Radio.

Harwich and Manningtree Standard is the town's local newspaper which publishes on Fridays.

In fiction
Manningtree features in Ronald Bassett's 1966 novel Witchfinder General and in A. K. Blakemore's 2021 novel The Manningtree Witches.

In Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part I (Act 2 Scene 4), Flastaff is referred to as “that roasted Manningtree ox“. This was marked in 2000 with a sculpture of an ox in the town centre.

A. K. Blakemore's 2021 novel, The Manningtree Witches, is set in the town. The novel won the Desmond Elliott Prize 2021, being described by the judges as "a stunning achievement."

Notable people

 * Margaret Thatcher lived and worked in Manningtree and worked for BX Plastics
 * Matthew Hopkins, the self-styled Witch-Finder General, lived in Manningtree

Twin town
🇩🇪 Frankenberg, Hesse, Germany

title: Manningtree


text:
Category talk:Astronauts

List

 * Spationaut
 * Cosmonaut
 * Astronaut
 * Taikonaut/yuhangyuan

Buzz Aldrin
Why is Buzz Aldrin in this category but not in the category American astronauts? The reason I ask is because Neil Armstrong is in American astronauts but not this category.

Military Ranks
I've noticed that in some articles, astronauts and cosmonauts with military backgrounds (and who hold/held military rank) don't have their military ranks given. It's customary to note that rank in biographical material about them, because in most cases their spaceflight role follows directly from pre-spaceflight military career. Please, future submitters of entries to this category, and editors of existing entries, make a point of citing military ranks as appropriate. Certainly, those military space pioneers earned it. -- Gnoitall 20:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Articles are displayed in categories based on the article title alone. Those follow Wikipedia's naming convention and do not include military ranks. These ranks should not be included in the sort keys either. Military and non-military career details should be discussed in each article. Rmhermen 17:56, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Astronauts


text:
Talk:Powered parachute

Talk
quote "Powered parachute (motorized parachute, powered paraglider, PPC, PPG, paraplane) is a paraglider with motor and possibly wheels."

Just to set the record straight, a powered parachute always has wheels. A powered paraglider does not have wheels.

Above statement is not correct, there are many wheeled version of powered paragliders. The distinction between Powered Parachute (PPC) and Powered Paragliding (PPG) is the type of wing use. PPG uses a paraglider wing, which is different from a square parachute style wing used in PPC. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:C861:9480:7892:B027:ECE4:9B5D (talk) 03:27, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

There is a difference in a powered parachute and a powered paraglider.

Here are some photos of a powered parachute. http://sblom.com/ppc/ http://www.ppcruiser.com/photos.htm http://www.destinypowerchutes.com/ (please notice the wheels)

Here are photos of a powered paraglider (also known as a paramotor) http://www.geocities.com/Pipeline/3845/photos.html http://www.usppa.org/FeaturePhotos/past_feature_photos.htm http://www.usppa.org/FeaturePhotos/StefanClose1.jpg

The big difference is that the powered paraglider (paramotor) is always footlaunched while a powered parachute always has wheels and is never footlaunched.

Links to powered parachute manufacturers
Links to powered parachute manufacturers

http://www.usairnet.com/powered-parachute/manufacturer/

http://www.sixchuter.com

http://www.powrachute.com

http://www.personalairbornevehicle.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.196.218.252 (talk) 00:19, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Links to powered parachute gear and accesories
http://www.powerchutegear.com

flying scooter
For the record, I added the bit about the flying scooter. I have no connection with the inventor; I just thought it was intriguing that a standard ground vehicle can be converted to flight but still function on the ground as intended, and that this was worth mentioning in the article. (It can drive on the ground when converted, but I am not sure if it needs to be deconverted to be fully highway operable, or how inconvenient that might be.) kwami 00:21, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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XploreAir X1 Paravelo
How is that not a PPC, Ziesmerd??? Single seater, parachute, propeller behind a driver, three wheels... " commercial insertion", yeah. It's a new take on an established technology, hybrid. 95.178.143.119 (talk) 08:49, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

Fuel efficiency
Please improve the article by adding some information about fuel efficiency. Roughly how many miles per gallon (or kilometers per liter) should an operator expect to achieve? 2601:281:CC80:5AE0:E9DD:D150:E6D2:73F8 (talk) 01:30, 26 December 2020 (UTC)

 * A Powered Parachute with a Rotax 582 engine, a single passenger and an APCO 500 square chute will burn about 3 gallons of fuel an hour depending on wind speeds and other factors. 2600:1702:17F0:2670:E150:A120:27A1:F51C (talk) 17:03, 19 October 2023 (UTC)

application to other vehicles
I think application to other vehicles should be added. I-TEC Maverick is application of the technology to make a flying car, XploreAir Paravelo is the first functional flying bicycle, Skyrider One is the first flying scooter 185.18.61.24 (talk) 11:47, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

PPC vs PPG Distinctions
I am having to regularly re-edit this discussion because people - for whatever reason - want to make PPGs "look like" PPCs and suggest they are more or less the same thing. Let me assure everyone that the PPG industry wants that to be nothing further from such a possibility.

In the U.S. a PPC pilot/owner must be a fully qualified pilot, have regular flight reviews, meet medical requirements, perform and log regular aircraft maintenance by qualified personnel, etc. The PPG industry has no such obligations or oversight, and - quite frankly - does not want them. Stop trying to pull the two closer together!

The statements addressing distinctions are to show an honest closeness of the aircraft types, but to also ensure that arms-length distinctions are maintained. The USPPA has made numerous attempts to keep drawing distinctions, too, and seems to look for more to allow them to remain out of the FAA's direct oversight. See here: https://usppa.org/far-part-103-ultralight-vehicles

Ziesmerd (talk) 23:21, 13 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Powered parachute


text:
Fred Young (Ontario politician)

Fred Matthews Young (14 February 1907 – 13 December 1993) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1981 who represented the riding of Yorkview. He was an ordained minister and long time organizer for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).

Background
Young was born in Long Reach, New Brunswick, near the port city of Saint John, in 1907. He attended Teachers College in Fredericton, New Brunswick and taught school in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Later on, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Mount Allison University. He attended the University of Toronto and received both a Master of Arts and a bachelor's degree in divinity. He served as a minister in the United Church of Canada, in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island from 1934 until 1940. He and his wife Winnifred raise two children, a boy and a girl.

Politics
After World War II, Young worked, as an organizer for the CCF in the Maritimes, being personally recruited by the CCF's national secretary, David Lewis. Though, officially, he was a staff representative for the United Steel Workers of America, he was co-opted by the party. He travelled throughout Atlantic Canada and Ontario mostly doing work for the party. In May 1951, the Ontario CCF hired him, at the urging of Donald C. MacDonald, then the CCF's national organizer, who persuade Young to relocate from the Maritimes. He became the Ontario party's full-time organizer.

In 1953, he ran for the leadership of the Ontario CCF, losing by six votes to Donald C. MacDonald in the CCF leadership convention. After five unsuccessful attempts to gain a public office, he won election to the town council of North York, Ontario in 1955. He served as deputy reeve and chair of the executive committee.

He attempted on several occasions to win a seat for the CCF and its successor, the New Democratic Party (NDP) either at the federal or provincial level. He finally won election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1963 provincial election for the North York riding of Yorkview. Young sat as an Ontario New Democratic Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1963 until 1981.

He was a friend of consumer advocate Ralph Nader. Both Nader and Young, as a legislator, fought for highway safety and mandatory use of seat belts. He was also an early advocate of airbags. In 1975, the Ontario government enacted the mandatory seatbelt reforms that he was advocating for years. As a legislator, Young became one of the first MPPs to open a community office to help his riding constituents. He was also responsible for writing the daily prayer used in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario throughout the later half of the 20th century.

Later life
Following his career in politics, the City of North York honoured him by naming a small park adjacent to York University after him in 1990. Young was hospitalized for many weeks at the York-Finch General Hospital before his death on Monday, 13 December 1993.

title: Fred Young (Ontario politician)


text:
USS Quillback

USS Quillback (SS-424), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for quillback, a fish of the sucker family, widespread in the freshwaters of North America and Northern Asia.

Construction
When her construction by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, was authorized, her name was to be Trembler, which would have made her the first ship named for the trembler, a torpedinoid fish of the West Indies and Brazil, but she was given a less embarrassing name on 7 December 1943.

Her keel was laid down on 27 June 1944. She was launched on 1 October 1944 sponsored by Mrs. J. A. Tyree, Jr., and commissioned on 29 December 1944.

Wartime Activities
After training at New London, Connecticut, and work on an experimental ordnance project at Key West, Florida, Quillback departed for Pearl Harbor and her maiden war patrol, off the coast of Kyūshū. During this patrol, from 30 May to 24 July 1945, she destroyed a Japanese suicide motorboat and rescued one aviator from the water only a half mile from the heavily armed shore. Surrender of the enemy found Quillback refitting for her second patrol at Guam.

Training Activities
Peacetime duties returned Quillback to New London for duty as a unit of Submarine Squadron 2. From 1945 to 1951, she operated with the Submarine School in a training capacity and as an experimental unit of the Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory. In April 1951, Quillback departed New London for a six-month tour of duty with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. In April 1952, she reported to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for decommissioning and conversion.

On 27 February 1953, Quillback was recommissioned and joined the Submarine Force, Atlantic Fleet as a streamlined Greater Underwater Propulsive Power Program (GUPPY) Submarine. She reported to ComSubRon 4 at Key West. There in local operations, with occasional trips to Guantanamo Bay, she assisted the Fleet Training Group in Destroyer ASW indoctrination. In 1956, 1957, and 1958, Quillback took part in major fleet and NATO exercises in the North Atlantic.

Mediterranean Deployment
In 1959, Quillback was transferred to Submarine Squadron 12. In June 1959, the Quillback sailed the St. Lawrence River, traversed locks, and navigated all of the Great Lakes to reach Chicago in Operation Inland Seas to mark the official opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. During 1960, she underwent extensive overhaul at Charleston, South Carolina, to improve her offensive capabilities. She deployed to the Mediterranean in October 1961, returning to Key West in February 1962. Operating locally out of Key West from May to October, Quillback was deployed to Guantanamo Bay when the Cuban Quarantine was put into effect and remained there during the first ten days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. During 1963, Quillback operated out of Key West and rendered services to the Fleet Training Group at Guantanamo.

Quillback deployed to the Mediterranean for six months in July 1964. Experimental torpedo research and development projects were assigned to Quillback in 1965 until she deployed to Guantanamo Bay in June. She continued to operate out of Key West until deploying to the Mediterranean again from August to November 1967. She spent most of 1968 and 1969 in the Caribbean.

 * [1970-1973]

Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 March 1973, Quillback was sold on 21 March 1974.

Honors and awards
Quillback earned one battle star for World War II service.

title: USS Quillback


text:
Callaïs

Callaïs is the generic name for ancient green-blue precious stones used for making pendants and beads by western European cultures of the later Neolithic and early Bronze Age. The term includes turquoise and variscite but not jade. "Callaïs" was described by Pliny the Elder as being paler than lapis lazuli. Callaïs objects have been found in Neolithic tombs from the mid-5th millennium BC in the Carnac region of western France.

Callaïs deposits are thought to have been widely distributed throughout the Iberian peninsula, and transported from Andalusia, Castile, and Catalonia to Brittany, Normandy, and the Paris Basin.

title: Callaïs


text:
Talk:Brugg

from VfD:

Pumpie just doesn't seem to understund that his Babelfish translations of my German articles is simply junk. Delete. --Voyager ch 19:33, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Content is worth keeping. The article does need work to turn the transation into something properly understandable. It needs attention rather than deleting. MarkS 20:22, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've tidied up the content and removed the translation boilerplate - a process which took no more than 2 minutes.--Tomheaton 21:56, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Updating Brugg
I am going to work on transfering information and a number of public domain images from the German-language entry on Brugg in a couple of weeks. I made a very quick update to the page which may or may not require improvement. The information is fairly basic and includes some information of note, such as the fact that the Aar[e] meets with the Limmat and Reuss within the vicinity of the town and the connections to the Habsburgs, both of which were previously missing. I also found it rather peculiar that only the High German word for bridge was used. The people here speak Swiss German, and Brugg literally means bridge in Swiss German. Either way, I do plan on overhauling the page given the amount of information currently available in [German]. --Ami in CH (talk) 00:17, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, I have started. I have already copied in the complete translation of the introduction and have begun translating the following sections. --Ami in CH (talk) 11:28, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I will start working on this when I return to the US soon. I hadn't realized just how long the German-language page was. As soon as I did, I decided to leave it until I had time. I will have said time once I am back in the States. --Ami in CH (talk) 20:08, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I am going to post as I translate. The additions will not be perfect, but I will tweak them as time goes by. I feel that it is more important to make and post progess than to wait until everything is perfect. The repetition existed on the German-language page. I will work on that when everything is done.--Ami in CH (talk) 21:23, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * 24.63.218.7 is me. I didn't notice that I had been logged out as I had been using the same window!--Ami in CH (talk) 22:10, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

good work Dribblingscribe (talk) 10:17, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brugg


text:
USS Toro

USS Toro (SS-422), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the toro, a name applied to various fish including the cowfish, the catalufa, and the cavallo.

Construction and commissioning
Toro′s keel was laid down on 27 May 1944 at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine. She was launched on 23 August 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Alan G. Kirk, and commissioned on 8 December 1944.

First War Patrol
Following her completion on 26 December 1944, Toro participated in training exercises out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Newport, Rhode Island, and New London, Connecticut, before arriving at Key West, Florida, on 11 February 1945. She provided services to the Fleet Sonar School, then, on 28 February, departed Key West in company with submarine USS Bumper (SS-333), bound for the Panama Canal Zone where she underwent a week of intensive training. The two submarines set a westward course for Hawaii on 15 March and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 April. Toro conducted training exercises out of that port with Submarine Division 101 until 24 April when she departed Oahu in company with submarine USS Billfish (SS-286). She arrived at Saipan on 6 May and, after one false start, got underway for her first war patrol on 10 May.

After arriving in her patrol and lifeguard area south of Shikoku and east of Kyūshū on 16 May, she occasionally encountered Japanese planes as she pursued her duties. On 18 May, following a probable periscope sighting, Toro detected a transmission on Japanese submarine radar frequency and attempted to close the contact but was unsuccessful.

As she patrolled Bungo Suido, she was often assigned as lifeguard for air strikes against the Japanese islands. While off Omino Shima before sunrise on 25 May, she received word that a B-29 Superfortress was in trouble. She began the search in state four seas with only fair visibility and, two hours after dawn, homed in by friendly air cover, she rescued two Army aviators who had been floating in their lifejackets for three and one-half hours. Twenty minutes later, she rescued another aviator and then continued her search for additional survivors until late in the day. The names of the three airmen were Charles Smith, Howard Stein, and Robert Canova. While patrolling on the surface on the following morning, she made radar contact with a possible target at 2000 yd. The submarine turned toward the contact and shortly thereafter a torpedo wake crossed her bow, indicating that an enemy vessel had first located her. Toro dove and had no further contact with the unseen attacker. Toro continued patrols and lifeguard duty in Bungo Suido until 14 June when she set her course for the Mariana Islands. She moored at Apra Harbor five days later.

Second War Patrol
Following refit by submarine tender USS Fulton (AS-11), Toro got underway from Guam on 14 July; paused briefly at Saipan for fuel, water, and the replacement of her torpedoes with Mark 18s; and arrived in her patrol area south of Shikoku on 24 July. Late in the day, she was drawn far out of her assigned area in a fruitless search for a downed flier. The departure of Toro’s air cover at 18:00 left her in a most dangerous situation due to the expected passage of an American task force on an antishipping sweep. Unable to clear the area in time, Toro made radar contact with the task force at 20:55. Despite attempts to establish her identity, Toro was soon the target of two obviously unfriendly American ships which bore down on her at a speed of 22 kn. The destroyer USS Colahan (DD-658) opened gunfire and bracketed Toro with her first salvo at a distance of 7,400 yd. Toro crash-dived and attempted to establish her identity using a flare, smoke bombs, and sonar, but the ships were still firing when she passed 150 ft. She continued down to 400 ft and rigged for depth charges. The surface vessels, thinking that Colahan had sunk a Japanese picket boat, remained in the area for half an hour searching for survivors without discovering that their target had been a friendly submarine. At 01:00 on 25 July, Toro surfaced and set her course back to her patrol area.

That morning, she returned to her lifeguard station and, in the afternoon, rescued three British aviators afloat on a raft. She maintained her station for carrier strikes against Japan on 28 July and, shortly after noon on 30 July, received a distress message from a United States Army Air Corps P-51 Mustang plane. After circling his plane over the submarine the pilot parachuted from the crippled aircraft at an altitude of only 800 ft. Within seven minutes, Toro’s crew brought the aviator on board.

She transferred the rescued British fliers to submarine USS Gabilan (SS-252) on 1 August. On 5 August, while patrolling her lifeguard area for planes returning from bomber raids on the Japanese islands, Toro sighted dense black smoke on the horizon and, receiving reports of a downed pilot in the area, put on all possible speed to investigate the source of the smoke. Less than 20 minutes later, she picked up an Army aviator afloat in his lifeboat impressively marked by a smoke display. Minutes later, a second Army aviator jumped from his plane nearby, and again Toro had a flier on board within seven minutes of the time his parachute opened.

Post-World War II service
At mid-month, Japan capitulated. After destroying a number of naval mines south of Honshū, the submarine departed the area on 17 August and proceeded via Guam to Midway Island where she arrived on 27 August.

On 4 September, she departed Midway and proceeded via Pearl Harbor and the Panama Canal to east coast ports. She arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 31 October to prepare for inactivation. In January 1946, the rescue tug ATR-67 towed the submarine to Atlantic Reserve Fleet, New London, where on 7 February 1946, Toro was decommissioned and placed in reserve.

Toro was recommissioned on 13 May 1947, and she reported for duty to Submarine Squadron 2, Atlantic Fleet, on 28 May. She conducted hunter/killer exercises, made a simulated war patrol in the Arctic Sea, and joined fleet tactical exercises in the Mediterranean Sea.

On 28 November 1947, Toro sunk, as a target, the captured German submarine U-530 with a torpedo. In July 1945, after the surrender of Nazi Germany, the crew of the U-530 were interned when it surrendered in Argentina. The crew and the boat were then transferred to the United States.

On 28 January 1950, Toro joined Submarine Development Group 2, and her operations helped to refine submarine tactics, weapons, and equipment. She worked in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea until July 1952, when she reported to Submarine Squadron 2 at New London and assumed new duties training submariners. During the next ten years, she combined these activities with type training and services to ships and aircraft engaged in antisubmarine warfare exercises. She also participated in Operation Springboard and made one Mediterranean cruise. She was redesignated an auxiliary submarine with hull classification symbol AGSS in July 1962 and, on 22 November 1962, as her Navy career drew to its close, she made her 11,000th dive while operating in Long Island Sound.

In February 1963, she was ordered to berth with the Philadelphia Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet, for demilitarization and non-industrial stripping; on 11 March 1963 she was decommissioned, and on 1 April 1963 her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.

USS Thresher role
She was slated to be sunk near the lost submarine USS Thresher (SSN-593) in an attempt to understand the currents near the wreck location but the plan was abandoned, and Toro was later sold and scrapped. Her name plate is on display at the Freedom Park.

Awards

 * American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg American Campaign Medal
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * Army of Occupation ribbon.svg Navy Occupation Service Medal
 * National Defense Service Medal with star

title: USS Toro


text:
USS Trutta

USS Trutta (SS-421), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the trutta, a variety of trout, distinguished from the typical trout by its small, black spots and its smaller and fewer scales. She was originally assigned the name Tomtate, often misspelled as Tomatate, and would have made her the only ship named for the tomtate, a food fish of warm American waters having a compressed body, a toothless palate, and conical jaw teeth, but was renamed Trutta on 24 September 1942. Her keel was laid down on 22 May 1944 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard. She was launched on 18 August 1944 sponsored by Mrs. Edward C. Magdeburger, and commissioned on 16 November 1944 with Commander Arthur C. Smith in command.

First War Patrol
Following outfitting and shakedown, Trutta underwent 30 days of intensive training in the Portsmouth-New London area and then set a course southward and steamed via the Canal Zone to arrive at Pearl Harbor on 25 February 1945. After a period of advanced training, Trutta got underway from Oahu with USS Parche (SS-384) and USS Lionfish (SS-298), members of a coordinated attack group under Trutta's direction and arrived at Saipan on 30 March. The following day, as she was leaving Tanapag Harbor on her first war patrol, the submarine struck a cable connected to an oil drum adrift in the charted channel and was forced to return to Saipan to repair her damaged propeller blades. The submarine finally got underway on 3 April and proceeded as rapidly as possible toward her patrol area.

On 7 April, she changed course in an attempt to intercept a Japanese naval force which had sortied from Bungo Suido late the day before. It was feared that this task force, headed by Yamato, the world's largest battleship, would interrupt the assault on Okinawa to the south. Despite her full-power running, Trutta did not intercept the Japanese ships because they changed their course. Nevertheless, the Japanese force did not reach Okinawa because on that day fliers from the carriers of Vice Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 58 sank Yamato, light cruiser Yahagi, and destroyer Hamakaze, and inflicted irremediable damage to three other destroyers which the Japanese scuttled. After receiving news of this successful battle, Trutta headed southward on 9 April. Proceeding via the Nansei Shoto, she avoided the hostile notice of enemy aircraft and weathered gale-force winds and force-five seas before entering her patrol area in the East China Sea on the afternoon of 11 April. There, she patrolled along the Shanghai-Quelpart Island traffic routes. On 13 April, while pursuing an antisubmarine force of three Japanese destroyers, she passed through an uncharted minefield before the ships changed course and outdistanced her.

While patrolling near the entrance to Daito Wan on the western coast of Korea on 18 April, she sank one small freighter with gunfire and damaged another. Off the China coast on 22 April, Trutta narrowly escaped damage when an enemy float plane dropped two bombs which exploded over the diving submarine. Shortly after midnight three days later, as Trutta patrolled west of Quelpart Island, lookouts on the submarine's bridge were startled to see a torpedo pass astern. As Trutta put on speed and turned parallel to the torpedo's wake, another torpedo passed by her port side moving from stern to bow, a sinister reminder that she was not alone in the Yellow Sea. Fortunately, Trutta observed no further sign of the Japanese submarine, and she continued her patrols until 26 April when she headed for Guam.

Late in the day, on 27 April, as she passed between Akuseki Shima and Takara Shima in the northern Ryukyus, she made contact with a Japanese plane. The harbinger of a prolonged coordinated holddown attempt. The next morning, finding her adversary of the night before replaced by two "Settles," the submarine, low on air and battery power, sent a message indicating that she would have to surface and fight it out if the situation did not improve before noon. A little more than an hour later, 10 American fighters from Okinawa appeared and routed the Japanese planes. Friendly air cover remained with the submarine until she recharged her batteries and filled her air flasks. She then proceeded independently to the Marianas, arriving at Guam on 4 May.

Second War Patrol
Following refitting and exercises with battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57), Trutta got underway on 2 June in company with USS Queenfish (SS-393). She weathered a typhoon before arriving on lifeguard station on 7 June. That day, while standing lifeguard duty for air strikes on Kobe, the submarine rescued a downed Army aviator who had been adrift in a small rubber boat for nearly a week and, the day before, had also weathered the typhoon.

As air raids against the cities of the Japanese homeland intensified, Trutta manned a lifeguard station south of Kyushu, made patrols just off Bungo Suido, and conducted visual and photo reconnaissance of Tori Shima, approaching to within about one mile (1.6 km) of the island. On 21 June, she departed Bungo Suido to join a coordinated attack group (wolfpack) "Street's Sweepers" patrolling the Yellow and East China Seas. She conducted patrols west of Tsushima Strait and then fired a few diversionary rounds of five-inch (127 mm) fire on Hiradoshima before moving west to take up patrol along the southwest coast of Korea. On 1 July, her persistence paid off when, after pursuing a sailing vessel, she discovered a fleet of schooners. Working quickly to take advantage of surprise and to prevent the ships from fleeing to nearby shallow water, Trutta sank seven of the three- and four-masted schooners in a four-hour action. Crew members boarded and searched two of the vessels and put the schooner crews in lifeboats before destroying the ships.

On 6 July, while patrolling the southern approaches to Daito Wan, she came upon a tug towing three schooners, quickly dispatched the tug and two of its tows with five-inch (127 mm) fire, and left the third in flames. She continued patrolling along the Korean coast until the afternoon of 12 July when she departed the area and set her course for the Marianas.

End of hostilities
She arrived at Guam on 18 July, underwent refitting by USS Fulton (AS-11), and then got underway on 12 August for her third patrol. Before Trutta arrived in her assigned area, she received official word that peace negotiations had obviated continuing her patrol; the submarine set a northeast course. She arrived at Midway on 24 August and two days later headed home via Pearl Harbor and the Panama Canal. After calls at New Orleans and other gulf and east-coast ports, she arrived at New London early in January 1946 and reported to the Sixth Fleet for inactivation. By March 1946, she had been placed out of commission. She remained in the Reserve Fleet until 1951 when she was reactivated at New London. Recommissioned in March 1951, she operated out of that port until 4 May 1952 when she was again decommissioned, this time at Charleston. Following conversion to a "Guppy II A" submarine, she was recommissioned on 2 January 1953 and joined Submarine Squadron 4 at Key West.

Post World War II U.S. service
For the next 19 years, she operated out of Key West, plying the Atlantic, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. During this period, she also made six deployments to the Mediterranean. She assisted in the evaluation of new weapon systems, including electronic counter-measure equipment; served as an antisubmarine warfare training target; trained naval reserves; and participated in fleet exercises. Shortly after her transfer to Squadron 12 on 1 August 1959, she rescued five Cuban refugees who had been adrift in a rubber boat for two days. Still homeported at Key West, she continued her duties through the 1960s, breaking routine with goodwill visits to American and Mediterranean ports, and earning a number of Battle Efficiency "E's." Moored at Key West in November 1969, she celebrated the 25th anniversary of her first commissioning.

Transfer to Turkish Navy
Her long career with the United States Navy drew to its close in 1972. In June of that year, she trained a turnover crew of the Turkish Navy, and the veteran submarine was decommissioned on 1 July and turned over to the Navy of the Republic of Turkey. She was renamed TCG Cerbe (S 340) (the Turkish name of the island of Djerba, in reference to the 1560 Battle of Djerba). Trutta was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on that same day.

The Turkish Navy decommissioned Cerbe on 23 July 1999 at the Gölcük Navy Yard. Today, her sail is preserved as a memorial to Turkish submariners.

Trutta received two battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Trutta


text:
User:Allieblum

Allieblum, please stop your unconstructive editing of Christopher Columbus. This isn't funny. Thanks. Gadykozma 19:37, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Allieblum


text:
USS Tigrone

USS Tigrone (SS/SSR/AGSS-419), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tigrone, a tiger shark found in tropical waters. Her keel was laid down on 8 May 1944 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard. She was launched on 20 July 1944 sponsored by Mrs. Mary B. Grisham (née Breault), wife of Captain Charles F. Grisham, USN, Superintendent of the Portsmouth, N.H., Navy Yard, and commissioned on 25 October 1944.

Tigrone completed fitting out in mid-November and conducted training out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and New London, Connecticut, before departing the Submarine Base at New London on the last day of 1944. After ten days of training at the Fleet Sound School, the new submarine got underway on 16 January. Steaming via the Canal Zone, she paused for a week of training off Panama, then set her course for Hawaii, conducting extensive practice approach exercises with attack transport USS Riverside (APA-102) en route. On 16 February, she arrived at Pearl Harbor to prepare for her first war patrol.

First patrol
On 9 March, she departed Oahu and steamed westward, arriving at Guam on 19 March. After a three-day pause to repair a main engine, she got underway on 21 March in company with submarines USS Bullhead (SS-332) and USS Blackfish (SS-221), members of a combined attack group, led by her own commanding officer, Commander Hiram Cassedy. Joined by USS Seahorse (SS-304), the submarines set their course for the South China Sea where they formed a scouting line in hopes of intercepting Japanese shipping.

Seahorse was mistakenly strafed and bombed by a B-24 Liberator on 24 March. Tigrone’s first brush with the enemy came on 29 March in the South China Sea when she dove to avoid an enemy "Oscar" and, at 60 ft (18 m), felt the jolt of a small explosion over the forward battery compartment, apparently the concussion of a small bomb dropped by the enemy plane. The new submarine emerged from this encounter without damage and continued her patrol of the sea lanes off the China coast.

In the days that followed, she made an unsuccessful attempt to intercept a convoy spotted by American planes. Then, on 3 April, she began lifeguard duties off the eastern shore of Hainan. On 5 April, Tigrone again managed to evade a bomb dropped by a high-flying Japanese plane. On 8 April, she assumed a lifeguard station off Kuannan and began steering five mile (8 km) legs to maintain her station, when the ship's commanding officer noted a wake which he took to be one of the ship's own. Two minutes later, the appearance of a torpedo 500 yd away on the port bow gave startling proof that the wake was that of an enemy submarine. As Tigrone swung left, the torpedo passed her abeam, less than 60 yd away. She then submerged and rigged for silent running, remaining below for over two hours.

On 9 April, she took up a lifeguard station off Mofu Point and continued patrols off Hainan until 15 April when she departed the area late in the day. She bombarded Pratas Reef near Pratas Island with five-inch (127 mm) gunfire on 16 April and joined submarine USS Rock (SS-274) three days later to fire on targets including towns and docks on Batan Island. She ended her first war patrol at Guam on 24 April 1945.

Second patrol
After refitting by submarine tender USS Apollo (AS-25), Tigrone departed Apra Harbor on 19 May, took on torpedoes at Saipan the same day, and on 20 May got underway for her assigned area. On 25 May, she sighted Sofu Gan Island and Tori Shima before taking up her lifeguard station south of Honshū and west of the Nanpō Islands. That same day, she rescued a downed flier from the 19th Fighter Command, Iwo Jima.

Early on the morning of 27 May, Tigrone engaged a Japanese lugger which countered the submarine's five-inch (127 mm) and 40 millimeter fire with machine-gun fire. As Tigrone turned away from the raking fire of the lugger, heavy seas washed over her main deck, knocking three of the submarine's crewmen against the gun and injuring them. Despite intermittent heavy rain, Tigrone finished off the lugger with five-inch (127 mm) fire. The final and telling round caught the lugger dead center, set it afire, and stopped it dead in the water. High seas made boarding a hazardous proposition, so the battered enemy vessel was left to burn, and Tigrone returned to her lifeguard station.

Early on the afternoon of 28 May, the submarine rendezvoused with a Navy bomber which had signaled its distress. The plane ditched 500 yd from Tigrone, and the submarine's crew quickly rescued five survivors from the water. In the next two days, Tigrone proved her skill as a lifeguard ship as she responded to frequent calls for aid and rescued 23 men from the Philippine Sea. On the afternoon of 24 May, Tigrone answered a call for assistance from a severely damaged PBY Catalina seaplane which had nosed into a wave on takeoff from a rescue operation. Quickly arriving on the scene, the submarine took on board 16 survivors, the crew and twice-rescued passengers of the disabled seaplane.

Soon the submarine was searching again, this time for survivors of other downed aircraft who had been reported by circling planes to be floating on rafts in Tigrone’s lifeguard area. Night fell before the submarine located the rafts, but, early on 30 May, she surfaced and, despite 30 ft (9 m) waves, resumed the search. Friendly aircraft aided her efforts, and Tigrone’s persistence was rewarded when she at last located seven Army aviators afloat on a raft. These tenacious survivors had been washed overboard several times during the night but had climbed back each time. The heavy seas made rescue difficult and time-consuming, but finally the exhausted aviators were brought safely on board the submarine. Tigrone jauntily sent out the message, "TIGRONE has saved the Air Force and is now returning to Iwo Jima with 28 rescued zoomies" and noted that she had set a new record for lifeguard proficiency.

On 1 June, Tigrone put in at Iwo Jima to disembark her passengers and on the next day, despite continuing radar problems, again got underway, returning to her patrol area on 3 June. Plagued by fog and radar malfunctions, Tigrone at last was forced to request to be assigned to lifeguard duty when a persistent loud scraping noise in the vicinity of her starboard shaft rendered normal submarine patrol and attack functions hazardous, if not impossible.

Operating south of Honshū, Tigrone joined the "Lifeguard League" and on 26 June recovered an aviator who had parachuted from his disabled fighter, rescuing him from the water only six minutes from the time his parachute blossomed. During the two days that followed, she took on rescued aviators from other submarines and set her course for Guam on 28 June. She ended her second war patrol on 3 July at Apra Harbor, having rescued a total of 30 aviators on this war patrol.

Third patrol
Following refitting by submarine tender USS Proteus (AS-19), Tigrone departed Guam on 31 July and, after the usual stop at Saipan for torpedoes, arrived on lifeguard station. As the submarine approached within 100 miles (160 km) of Honshū, the news arrived that the Soviet Union had declared war on Japan. Patrolling nearer and nearer Honshū as American planes made strikes on Tokyo and other cities of the Japanese homeland, Tigrone encountered increasing numbers of Japanese search planes.

On 11 August, the first reports of Japan's surrender were received, but, for two more days, Tigrone continued her patrols, approaching within 50 miles (80 km) of the shore of Sagami Wan as she pursued lifeguard duties. On 13 August, with Navy pilots helping to spot targets, she bombarded Mikomoto Island, scoring 11 hits on a radio station and lighthouse tower. The submarine claimed this action as the final bombardment of the war. On 14 August, Tigrone rescued another aviator who had been forced to parachute from his plane and, later in the day, spent an anxious half-hour attempting to evade persistent sonar contacts which turned out to be birds.

On 15 August, she received orders to cease all attacks; and, the next day, the official statement of Japan's surrender was published. She patrolled off the east coast of Japan as far north as Sendai and Todo Saki. Then, on 30 August, she rendezvoused with "Benny's Peacemakers" and, on the last day of August, moored in Tokyo Bay. She departed Tokyo on 2 September and made her way via Hawaii and the Canal Zone to New London, arriving there early in October 1945.

Post-war activities
Later that month, she visited Washington, DC, for Navy Day activities and, late in December, reported to the Sixth Fleet at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for preservation procedures preparatory to inactivation. She was towed to New London and placed out of commission, in reserve, on 30 March 1946.

On 12 April 1948, her hull classification symbol was changed to SSR-419, radar picket submarine. In June, she was towed from New London to Portsmouth for conversion. She was recommissioned on 1 November 1948 and, early in 1949, conducted shakedown out of Portsmouth in preparation for her new duties as an Arctic radar picket. That summer, she joined Submarine Division 62 operating out of Norfolk to begin activities evaluating new radar equipment and techniques for long range air defense. She continued in this role until 1957, operating in the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea and completing five Mediterranean Sea deployments with both American and NATO forces. On 1 August 1957, her status was changed to in commission, in reserve, and, on 1 November, she was decommissioned. She was assigned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and berthed at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Redesignated SS-419 on 3 February 1961, she was recommissioned on 10 March 1962 and underwent overhaul and conversion at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard before reporting to New London for refresher training on 22 September. On 15 November, she departed New London for four weeks of shakedown out of Puerto Rico, and, on 14 December, she returned to New London to remain there into the new year. From April through August 1963, she operated in the Mediterranean Sea on deployment with the Sixth Fleet. She then returned to New London for local operations and to provide services for the Submarine School. On 1 December 1963, she was redesignated an auxiliary submarine with hull classification symbol AGSS-419. Early in 1964, she was fitted out with an experimental sonar unit. Through the end of 1964, she operated in conjunction with the Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory and the Submarine School, testing and evaluating the new equipment.

In 1965, she underwent a major eight-month overhaul and modification at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Her torpedo tubes were removed, two forward compartments thoroughly sound isolated, and a new experimental sonar system, the Brass III, was installed. Operating as a research and development vessel in cooperation with the United States Underwater Sound Laboratory, she began duties which would fill the remaining years of her long career. Assigned primarily to data collection and sonar and acoustic tests in connection with the Brass program, she operated out of New London, conducting underwater systems tests as well as research in sound propagation.

In 1968, she visited Britain and port on the Norwegian Sea, spent September through December in antisubmarine warfare exercises; and trained reserves. She continued her research assignments, joining with submarine HMS Grampus (S04) in the early months of 1972 for a joint American-British oceanographic operation in the eastern Atlantic. She operated occasionally in the Caribbean Sea, taking part in Operation "Springboard" in 1973 and 1974. While moored at the Submarine Base in New London, on 25 October 1974, Tigrone observed the 30th anniversary of her commissioning. Into 1975, she continued research activities off the East Coast, which included a visit to Bermuda in March and operations with air units off Jacksonville and Atlantic City, New Jersey.

On 5 May, she began pre-inactivation procedures and, on 27 June 1975, was decommissioned at the Naval Submarine Base, Groton, Connecticut. At the time of her decommissioning, Tigrone was the oldest submarine in commission in the United States Navy, as well as the last unit of the submarine force still in operation to have taken part in combat action in World War II. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on that same day, and she was sunk as a target on 25 October 1976.

Awards

 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * Navy Occupation Medal
 * National Defense Service Medal with star

title: USS Tigrone


text:
Ian Deans

Ian Deans (16 August 1937 – 3 May 2016) was a Scottish-Canadian politician. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1967 to 1979 and was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1980 to 1986.

Background
Deans was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland. He moved to Canada as a youth and found work as a firefighter. He met his wife, Diane, when she was a staffer on Parliament Hill. He helped her launch her own political career as an Ottawa-area city councillor. The couple were married for 22 years before divorcing. Afterwards, Deans moved back to the Hamilton area.

Deans died in Hamilton, Ontario on May 3, 2016, at the age of 78.

Provincial
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a New Democratic Member in the 1967 provincial election representing the Hamilton area riding of Wentworth.

In 1970, he favoured a resolution that would force The Waffle, a radical left-wing group within the party, to be expelled. Deans objected to the organization because it recruited its own members, raised its own funds, and created its own policy, called 'The Manifesto'. He said, "You then become a political organization unto yourself." The resolution passed at an NDP convention in 1972. In 1970, Deans broke with most of his colleagues by expressing support for Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's implementation of the War Measures Act during the FLQ Crisis.

In 1978, he ran in the Ontario NDP leadership convention to succeed Stephen Lewis. Deans' earlier support for the War Measures Act became a point of contention and he recanted his position saying he was wrong and had regretted it ever since. Initially projected to be the front runner, he lost by less than 200 votes to Michael Cassidy. Deans resigned from the legislature the next year.

Federal
Deans moved to federal politics and won a seat in the House of Commons of Canada during the 1980 federal election representing Hamilton Mountain.

He served as House Leader for the New Democratic Party during the illness of Stanley Knowles, and became official House Leader following the 1984 federal election.

In the fall of 1986, he surprised colleagues by resigning from parliament to accept an appointment by Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney as head of the Public Service Staff Relations Board, a position Deans went on to hold for 10 years.

In 2007, Deans returned to politics and was acclaimed as the federal NDP's candidate in Brant. However, due to the onset of Parkinson's disease, he dropped out of the race.

Municipal
In 2010, Deans said in an interview that he might run in the Hamilton Municipal Election in 2010 if his Parkinson's hasn't progressed any farther. On September 2, 2010, he announced he would be running for mayor of Hamilton in the 2010 Municipal Election. He was quoted as saying, "The current city council 'a laughing stock' that has made it impossible to sell anything to do with Hamilton." At the last minute, he changed his mind, withdrew from the Mayoral race and ran instead for the position of Ward 2 (Downtown) Councillor in a field of 20 candidates after the incumbent councillor, Bob Bratina, decided to run for Mayor. Deans finished in eighth place with 231 votes (3%).

title: Ian Deans


text:
Fifty-Niner

A "Fifty-Niner" is the term used for the gold seekers who streamed into the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory in 1859. The discovery of placer gold deposits along the South Platte River at the foot of the Rocky Mountains in northwestern Kansas Territory by a party of miners led by William Greeneberry "Green" Russell in July 1858 precipitated the Pike's Peak Gold Rush.

Many Fifty-Niners took the "Smoky Hill Trail" west through Kansas Territory up the Kansas River valley. The last significant civilian settlement along this route was Manhattan, Kansas, several hundred miles east of the mountains. Between there and the mountains the Fifty-Niners had to cross the unmarked plains, often getting lost, and sometimes confronting Plains Indians. There is no record of how many prospective miners died en route to Pikes Peak.

The northern, or Platte River, route followed the Platte River through Nebraska along the Oregon Trail, then angled down along the South Platte River to the gold region.

The southern route followed the Santa Fe Trail along the Arkansas River to the vicinity of present-day Pueblo, Colorado, then north up Fountain Creek to the gold fields.

Among the most famous of the Fifty-Niners were Buffalo Bill Cody and millionaire miner Horace A. W. Tabor (although Tabor didn't make his fortune until the subsequent "Colorado Silver Boom").

No gold was found near Pikes Peak until after the gold rush, but it was the first visible landmark for those traveling west across the High Plains. This gave rise to the slogan, "Pike's Peak or Bust."

title: Fifty-Niner


text:
Talk:Bremgarten, Aargau

from VfD:

Pumpie's second work of art today. A masterpiece of Babelfish style... Delete! --Voyager ch 19:39, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. Content is worth keeping. The article does need work to turn the transation into something properly understandable. It needs attention rather than deleting. MarkS 20:22, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Doesn't meet any of the criteria for deletion.  It's badly translated, I know - but that's all.  Just mark them as badly translated and for cleanup and move on.  May be useful for someone who wants information on Bremgarten and they will maybe do some cleanup themselves.--Tomheaton 21:59, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

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title: Talk:Bremgarten, Aargau


text:
Pelee

Pelee may refer to:
 * Pelee, Ontario, an island in Lake Erie, Canada
 * Point Pelee National Park, a park in Ontario, Canada
 * Mount Pelée, a volcano in Martinique
 * Peleus, who may be referred to as "Pélée" in French, father of Achilles

title: Pelee