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55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division

The 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army's Territorial Army (TA) that was formed in 1920 and existed through the Second World War, although it did not see combat. The division had originally been raised in 1908 as the West Lancashire Division, part of the British Army's Territorial Force (TF). It fought in the First World War, as the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, and demobilised following the fighting. In 1920, the 55th (West Lancashire) Division started to reform. It was stationed in the county of Lancashire throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and was under-funded and under-staffed. In the late 1930s, the division was reduced from three to two infantry brigades and gave up some artillery and other support units to become a motorised formation, the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division. This was part of a British Army doctrine change that was intended to increase battlefield mobility.

Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the division created new units around cadres of its own personnel, a process called "duplicating". The division then used these new formations to create its "duplicate", the 59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division. The 55th remained in the United Kingdom, in a defensive role, after the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1940, following the Battle of France, the motor division concept was abandoned. The division regained its third infantry brigade, and became the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. It remained within the United Kingdom, training for future operations as well as training replacements for combat units, and assigned to anti-invasion duties. By 1944, the division had been drained of many of its assets. The remnant of the division was used in Operation Fortitude, a deception effort that supported the Allied invasion of France. At the end of the war, the division was demobilised and not reformed.

Background
The West Lancashire Division was formed in 1908, following the passing of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 that created the Territorial Force (TF). The division was broken up between 1914 and 1915, to provide reinforcements for the British Expeditionary Force that was fighting in France during the First World War. It was reformed as the 55th (West Lancashire) Division in late 1915, deployed to the Western Front and fought during the Battles of the Somme, Passchendaele, and Estaires, and took part in the Hundred Days Offensive. During two years of war, 63,923 men served in the division, over half becoming casualties. Following the end of the war, in 1918, and through 1919, the division was demobilised. In April 1920, the division started the process of reforming in Lancashire, as part of Western Command. In 1921, the TF was reconstituted as the Territorial Army (TA) following the passage of the Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921.

Interwar period
The 55th (West Lancashire) Division was headquartered and primarily based in Liverpool, although it had units throughout Lancashire. At various times units were located in Chester, Lancaster, Lichfield, Seaforth, Southport, and Warrington. The division was reformed with the 164th (North Lancashire), the 165th (Liverpool), and the 166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigades. On 19 July 1924, the division was reviewed by George V, during a visit to Liverpool. During the interwar period, TA formations and units were only permitted to recruit up to 60 per cent of their establishment. Due to chronic underfunding, the lack of a pressing national threat, and a diminished level of prestige associated with serving in the TA, it was rare for units to reach even this level of manpower. By the 1930s, this resulted in the TA having limited access to modern equipment, under-trained men, and officers with inadequate experience in command.

Motor division
The development of British military doctrine during the interwar period resulted in three types of division by the end of the 1930s: the infantry division; the mobile division (later called the armoured division); and the motor division. Historian David French wrote "the main role of the infantry ... was to break into the enemy's defensive position." This would then be exploited by the mobile division, followed by the motor divisions that would "carry out the rapid consolidation of the ground captured by the mobile divisions" therefore "transform[ing] the 'break-in' into a 'break-through'." French wrote that the motor division had a similar role to the German Army's motorised and light divisions, "but there the similarities ended." German motorised divisions contained three regiments (akin to a British brigade) and were equipped similarly to a regular infantry division, while their smaller light divisions contained a tank battalion. The British motor division, while being fully motorised and capable of transporting all their infantry, was "otherwise much weaker than normal infantry divisions" or their German counterparts as it was made up of only two brigades, had two artillery regiments as opposed to an infantry division's three, and contained no tanks.

In 1938, the army decided to create six motor divisions from TA units. Only three infantry divisions were converted before the war, including the 55th (West Lancashire). This resulted in the removal of infantry and artillery elements from the division. Many of the division's battalions were converted to new roles, and transferred to other branches of the army. For example: the 6th Liverpool Rifles were retrained and transferred to the Royal Engineers (RE), becoming the 38th (The King's Regiment) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, RE; the 5th King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was converted to artillery, becoming the 56th (King's Own) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery; the 7th King's Regiment (Liverpool) became the 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment. The division retained three brigades until March 1939, when the 164th Brigade was disbanded, bringing the division into line with the intention of the new organisation. Now the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division, it comprised the 165th (Liverpool) and the 166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigades.

Rearmament
During the 1930s, tensions increased between Germany and the United Kingdom and its allies. In late 1937 and throughout 1938, German demands for the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia led to an international crisis. To avoid war, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in September and brokered the Munich Agreement. The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to annexe the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to further peaceful resolution of issues, relations between the two countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached the terms of the agreement by invading and occupying the remnants of the Czech state.

On 29 March, British Secretary of State for War Leslie Hore-Belisha announced plans to increase the TA from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of TA divisions. The plan was for existing TA divisions, referred to as the first-line, to recruit over their establishments (aided by an increase in pay for Territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion which had hindered recruiting, construction of better-quality barracks and an increase in supper rations) and then form a new division, known as the second-line, from cadres around which the new divisions could be expanded. This process was dubbed "duplicating". The 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division provided cadres to create a second line "duplicate" formation, which became the 59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division. By September, the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division had also reformed the 164th Brigade. Despite the intention for the army to grow, the programme was complicated by a lack of central guidance on the expansion and duplication process and a lack of facilities, equipment and instructors. In April 1939, limited conscription was introduced. At that time 34,500 men, all aged 20, were conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before being deployed to the forming second line units. It had been envisioned by the War Office that the duplicating process and recruiting the required numbers of men would take no more than six months. The process varied widely between the TA divisions. Some were ready in weeks while others had made little progress by the time the Second World War began on 1 September.

Home defence
On 4 September, the division established the second line duplicate of the 166th Brigade, the 177th. On 15 September, the 166th Infantry Brigade (renamed the 176th Infantry Brigade) and the 177th Brigade were transferred to the 59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division. This left the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division with the 164th and 165th Brigades. The former consisted of the 9th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), the 1/4th Battalion, the South Lancashire Regiment, and the 2/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment. The 165th Brigade was made up of the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), and the 1st and the 2nd Battalions, Liverpool Scottish (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders). Major-General Vivian Majendie was the division's general officer commanding (GOC), and had been in command since 1938.

The division's initial war-time duties included deploying guards to the docks at Birkenhead, the Port of Liverpool, and the naval defences at Crosby, while also assisting the civilian authorities during air raids. On 6 September, the division fired its first shots of the war. Divisional anti-aircraft and machine guns fired on three aircraft flying low over the River Mersey. The shots missed, and the aircraft were later determined to be Royal Air Force Handley Page Hampden bombers.

The war deployment plan for the TA envisioned its divisions being sent overseas, as equipment became available, to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that had already been dispatched to Europe. The TA would join regular army divisions in waves as its divisions completed their training, the final divisions deploying a year after the war began. In October 1939, the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, General Walter Kirke, was tasked with drawing up a plan, codenamed Julius Caesar, to defend the United Kingdom from a potential German invasion. As part of this plan, the division was assigned to Home Forces' reserve. It was transferred to Northern Command and moved to Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire. Here the division furthered its training, while also having to be ready to act as a counter-attack force for Julius Caesar in case of a German invasion between the Humber and The Wash. Other duties included the protection of RAF Finningley.

In January 1940, the division was used to obtain drafts for formations overseas as well as volunteers to man anti-aircraft guns on small ships. In March, the division was relieved as a reserve formation. It was assigned to Eastern Command the following month, and transferred to defend the coastline of Suffolk and then Essex. These moves were part of a larger effort by Kirke to reinforce the defences in the east of England, which he believed would be the location most in danger of an invasion as a result of the German operations on mainland Europe. Other than coastal defence, the division was also responsible for guarding Ipswich Airport, constructing roadblocks inland from potential invasion beaches, and providing mobile detachments to respond to any German airborne landings. In April, following the start of the Norwegian campaign, the division organised No. 4 Independent Company, which departed for Norway on 7 May. Following the conclusion of that campaign, many of these men joined the Commandos. As a result of the German victory in France and the return of the BEF following the Dunkirk evacuation, the division was not deployed overseas per the original TA deployment timeline.

The British Army began implementing lessons learnt from the campaign in France. This included a decision to base the standard division around three brigades, and the abandonment of the motor division concept. This process involved breaking up four-second-line territorial divisions to reinforce depleted formations and aid in transforming the Army's five motor divisions, each made up of two brigades, into infantry divisions made up of three brigades. As part of this process, on 23 June, the 66th Infantry Division was disbanded. This freed up the 199th Infantry Brigade and an artillery regiment to be transferred to the 55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division, which became the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. General Edmund Ironside, who had replaced Kirke, believed the division (along with the others which had remained in the UK) to be insufficiently trained, equipped, and unable to undertake offensive operations. The division was therefore assigned a static coastal defence role in Essex, while leaving enough troops available to deal with any German paratrooper landings that may occur in its area. Duties also included the digging and improving of defensive positions, and ongoing training. On paper, an infantry division was to have seventy-two 25-pounder field guns. By 31 May, the division only had eight such modern guns. These were supplemented by four First World War-vintage 18-pounder field guns, and eight 4.5 in howitzers of similar vintage. The division had only two anti-tank guns, against a nominal establishment of 48, and only 47 of the required 307 Boys anti-tank rifles. General Alan Brooke, who replaced Ironside, reviewed the division on 1 August. He recorded in his diary that the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division "should be quite good with a bit of training."

The division remained in Essex until November 1940, when it was assigned to IV Corps. This was a reserve formation, based away from the coast, the intended role being to counterattack German landings in East Anglia. Elements of the division moved to more central locations, for example the two Liverpool Scottish battalions took up winter quarters in Oxfordshire. While based there, they conducted training in a counterattack role that involved moving to concentration areas behind units based along the south and southeast coasts. In February 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division moved south to defend the Sussex coast. This included manning coastal defensive positions, being assigned to hunt down any German paratroopers, improving and expanding defences in their sector, and training. With the arrival of increased levels of ammunition, the men of the division were able to considerably improve their proficiency in the use of small arms and mortars. On 1 June 1941, Major-General William Duthie Morgan replaced Majendie as GOC. In July, the division was relieved from coastal defence. It relocated to Aldershot to act as a reserve formation, and increased the tempo of training. Morgan maintained his position until October, when he was wounded during a training exercise, and was replaced by Major-General Frederick Morgan. During the final months of 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division started to provide drafts of men to other formations. This was followed by the division being placed on the lower establishment in January 1942. In December 1941, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division relocated to Yorkshire and was reassigned to Northern Command, and was spread out with troops based in the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The intention of this deployment was to counter-attack any German landings along the coast or at nearby airfields. The 165th Brigade also spent some time at Catterick Garrison. During its stay with Northern Command, the majority of the time was spent training, from the battalion to the brigade level. The division relocated to Devon in January 1943, and was assigned to the South West District. The primary role now was to counter any raids conducted by German forces along the coast. This was in addition to continued training, guarding vulnerable points, and rendering assistance to nearby civilian authorities as needed after air raids. In June, the division lost five men killed following a German bombing raid. In December 1943, the division received drafts from anti-aircraft regiments. These men were then given a ten-week training course to make them viable drafts for infantry units. The same month, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division transferred to Northern Ireland, under the command of British Troops Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, the soldiers aided farmers, helped train elements of the reforming Belgian Army, and trained with newly arrived troops from the United States Army. The division continued to provide men to other formations through 1944.

Wind down and deception
In May 1944, the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division was raised to higher establishment. The division did not increase in size; the war establishment (the paper strength) of a higher establishment infantry division, in this period, was 18,347 men. The 55th (West Lancashire), the 38th (Welsh), the 45th, the 47th (London), and the 61st Infantry Divisions had a combined total of 17,845 men. The division remained within the United Kingdom and was drained of manpower to a point that it was all but disbanded, and was then maintained as a deception formation. Of these 17,845 men, around 13,000 were available as replacements for the 21st Army Group fighting in France. The remaining 4,800 men were considered ineligible at that time for service abroad for a variety of reasons, including a lack of training or being medically unfit. Over the following six months, up to 75 per cent of these men would be deployed to reinforce 21st Army Group following the completion of their training and certification of fitness. For example, the two Liverpool Scottish battalions were used as training units and a source of reinforcements for other Scottish regiments. Entire units were also stripped from the division and deployed abroad; the 2nd Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (previously the 10th Battalion, Loyal Regiment) was transferred to Italy. While the 199th Brigade remained part of the division, it was attached to Northern Ireland District in July 1944. The same month, the division, minus the 199th Brigade, returned to the mainland and moved to southern Wales. The 199th Brigade, renumbered the 166th Brigade, physically rejoined the division in June 1945. In April 1945, the 304th and the 305th Infantry Brigades were attached to the division. These were recently converted anti-aircraft formations. The latter remained with the division for seventeen days, before being sent to the 21st Army Group. The former stayed with the division into May, and then deployed to Norway.

In the final months of 1943 and through June 1944, the division's actual and notional moves were deliberately leaked by double agents as part of the "Fortitude North" segment of the Operation Fortitude deception, the effort to make the Germans believe that the notional 250,000-strong Fourth Army, based in Scotland, would assault Norway. The division was assigned to the fictional II Corps, which was notionally preparing to assault Stavanger. The division participated in this deception effort by maintaining wireless signals suggesting it was moving around the United Kingdom as part of the Fourth Army. The overall ruse of an attack on Norway was maintained through July 1944, the plan officially coming to an end in September. Historian Mary Barbier wrote "the evidence seems to indicate that [Fortitude North] was only partially successful" and "a heated debate has erupted over whether or not [the operation] was a success."

The division then joined the II Corps's notional move south from Scotland to England, in June 1944, becoming part of "Fortitude South" to convince the Germans that the Normandy landings were a feint and the main Allied invasion would take place in the Pas-de-Calais with a force of 500,000 men. The deception aimed to persuade the Germans not to move the 18 divisions of the 15th Army from the Pas-de-Calais to Normandy. The division also provided the signal and headquarters staff to create the phantom 55th US Infantry Division. In July, the division was reported as an assault division training near Southampton. In September, as the "Fortitude" deception was wound down and the Fourth Army dispersed, it was allowed to be known that the division had reverted to a training role. Historian Gerhard Weinberg wrote that the Germans readily believed in the threat to the Pas de Calais and "it was only at the end of July" that they realised a second assault was not coming, and "by that time, it was too late to move reinforcements". Nevertheless, Barbier concludes "that the importance of the deception has been overrated". The 15th Army was largely immobile, and not combat-ready. Despite the deception, several German divisions, including the 1st SS Panzer Division in reserve behind the 15th Army, were transferred to Normandy. The Germans had realised, as early as May, that the threat to Normandy was real. Barbier concluded that while the Germans believed the deception due to "preconceived ideas about the importance of the Pas De Calais", the Allied staff had overestimated the effectiveness of the deception in causing the inaction of the 15th Army, because they also held a "preconceived notion of what [Operation Fortitude] would accomplish".

The British army demobilised after the war. The TA was reformed in 1947, on a much smaller scale of nine divisions and did not include the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. In 1947, the division's insignia was temporarily adopted by the 87th Army Group Royal Artillery, but was replaced at some point before the unit was disbanded in 1955. This formation was based in Liverpool and was made up primarily of units from the West Lancashire area, creating a connection with the division.


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Beer Sheva Park

Be'er Sheva Park is a small 25.5 acre park located on Lake Washington in the Rainier Beach neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. Dedicated in 1905 as Atlantic City Park after the subdivision, it was renamed after Beer Sheva, Israel, in 1977, to honor Seattle's new sister city. In Beer Sheva, Israel, a "Seattle Park" was made in honor of Seattle's gesture.

The Rainier Beach community began upgrading the park in 2017 through local charitable efforts. In 2023, a various group of community members, the Seattle Parks Foundation, and local businesses and non-profits began raising funds for a $2.5 million renovation to the park. Considered a first of several phases of improvements, the plans include access to the waterfront, art installations, a boardwalk and lighted paths, and a stage for cultural performances. , additional phases comprise shoreline habitat improvements and a playground.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Beer Sheva Park


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User talk:Kentukyfried

Hi there, I like the start you wrote for cute—it shows some promise of becoming an interesting article. However, I have a hard time believing that the bunny picture you posted isn't a copyright violation. What was its source? It's also not integrated into the content of the page at this time—if it turns out that you do have permission to use it, wait until you add a section describing that particular use of cute. Thanks! Postdlf 05:14, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

:)
Sorry I wont do it again.

Jamie.

title: User talk:Kentukyfried


text: Category:Judge Dredd

title: Category:Judge Dredd


text: Category:2000 AD

title: Category:2000 AD


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Addington County, Ontario

Addington County was a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario which now forms part of Lennox and Addington County. It was named after Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth.

Its territory is now distributed among the townships of Addington Highlands, Stone Mills, and Loyalist.

Historical evolution
The county of Addington, situated within the Mecklenburg District, was originally created as an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1792 and its original limits were described as being:

"bounded on the east by the westernmost line of the county of Frontenac, on the south by lake Ontario, to the westernmost boundary of the late township of Ernestown, and on the west by the easternmost boundary of the township of Fredericksburgh, running north thirty-one degrees west until it meets the Ottawa or Grand River, thence descending the said river until it meets the northwesternmost boundary of the said county of Frontenac, comprehending within the said county all the islands nearest to it, in the whole or greater part fronting the same."

Mecklenburg was renamed as the "Midland District" in 1792.

It was combined with Lennox County and Amherst Island in 1800 to become the incorporated counties of Lennox and Addington. The counties would regain their separate identities in 1845, but would continue to be united for electoral purposes. The newly surveyed township of Anglesea was added to Addington at that time. The township of Kaladar was also included, having been added to the incorporated counties in 1821.

At the beginning of 1850, Midland District was abolished, and the United Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington replaced it for municipal and judicial purposes. In 1860, Lennox and Addington were formally amalgamated as the County of Lennox and Addington.

Historical townships

 * Abinger Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Amherst Island Township - The township is now part of Loyalist.
 * Anglesea Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Ashby Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Camden Township - The township is now part of Stone Mills.
 * Denbigh Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Effingham Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Ernestown Township - The township is now part of Loyalist.
 * Kaladar Township - The township is now part of Addington Highlands.
 * Sheffield Township - The township is now part of Stone Mils.

title: Addington County, Ontario


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55th Division

In military terms, 55th Division or 55th Infantry Division may refer to:

 * Infantry divisions :
 * 55th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)
 * British 55th Division:
 * 55th (West Lancashire) Division (1908-1920)
 * 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division (1921-1945)
 * 55th Infantry Division (France)
 * 55th Infantry Division Savona (Kingdom of Italy)
 * 55th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
 * 55th Infantry Division (Poland)
 * 55th Naval Infantry Division (Russia)
 * Soviet 55th Division
 * 55th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
 * 55th Guards Rifle Division
 * 55th Infantry Division (United States)

title: 55th Division


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North Passage Point Park

North Passage Point Park is a 0.8 acre park located in the Northlake neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, directly underneath the Ship Canal Bridge on the north side of the Lake Union/Portage Bay shoreline. It was dedicated in 1977. South Passage Point Park is directly across the water on the south shore.

title: North Passage Point Park


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Cathbad

Cathbad or Cathbhadh (modern spelling) is the chief druid in the court of King Conchobar mac Nessa in the Ulster Cycle of Irish Mythology.

He features in both accounts of Conchobar's birth, in one of which he is the king's father. In the first, Nessa, daughter of Eochaid Sálbuide, the then king of Ulster, asks the druid what it is an auspicious time for (as he had the ability to foretell the future). Cathbad replies, "for begetting a king on a queen". There were no other men around, so Ness takes Cathbad to bed and conceives a son.

In the second version, Cathbad, who is a leader of a band of fianna (landless warriors) as well as a druid, attacks Ness's foster-father's house, killing all 12 of them. Because the culprit cannot be identified, Eochaid is powerless to do anything about it, so Ness forms her own band of 27 fianna to track him down. However, one day, when she goes off on her own to bathe, Cathbad comes upon her alone and unarmed, and demands her as his wife. She has no choice but to agree, and Cathbad rapes her. However, in this version, Ness's child is the son of her lover, High King Fachtna Fáthach, not Cathbad's. Ness goes into labour, and Cathbad tells her if she can manage not to give birth until the following day, her son will be a great king and have everlasting fame. Ness sits on a flagstone by the river Conchobar and the following morning gives birth. The baby falls into the river, but Cathbad lifts him out, names him Conchobar after the river, and brings him up as his own son.

The druid was also present at the birth of Deirdre and prophesied her tragic fate, but Conchobar ignored him. On another occasion, the young Cú Chulainn overheard Cathbad prophesies that anyone who took arms on that day would have everlasting fame but a short life; he immediately ran to Conchobar and asked to be armed.

title: Cathbad


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South Passage Point Park

South Passage Point Park is a 0.9 acre park located in the Eastlake neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. It is directly underneath the Ship Canal Bridge on the south side of the Lake Union/Portage Bay shoreline; North Passage Point Park is directly across the water on the north shore. The park was dedicated in 1977.

title: South Passage Point Park


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Tokyo Disneyland

Tokyo Disneyland (東京ディズニーランド) (local nickname TDL) is a 115 acre theme park at the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, near Tokyo. Its main gate is directly adjacent to both Maihama Station and Tokyo Disneyland Station. It was the first Disney park to be built outside the United States and it opened on April 15, 1983. The park was constructed by WED Enterprises in the same style as Disneyland in California and Magic Kingdom in Florida. It is owned by The Oriental Land Company, which licenses intellectual property from The Walt Disney Company. Tokyo Disneyland and its companion park, Tokyo DisneySea, are the only Disney parks in the world not owned or operated by The Walt Disney Company in any capacity.

The park has seven themed areas: the World Bazaar, Adventureland, Westernland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, Critter Country and Toontown. Many of these areas mirror those in the original Disneyland as they are based on American Disney films and fantasies. Fantasyland includes Peter Pan's Flight, Snow White's Scary Adventures, and Dumbo the Flying Elephant, based on Disney films and characters. The park is noted for its extensive open spaces to accommodate the large crowds that visit the park. In 2022, Tokyo Disneyland hosted 12 million visitors, making it the fourth-most visited theme park in the world and the second-most visited theme park in Asia.

History
The idea of a Japanese Disneyland dates back to the late 1950s when Japanese businessman Kunizo Matsuo approached Walt Disney with the idea of a Disney park in Nara. While it is rumored Walt initially agreed to the idea, he later dropped out of it. Matsuo, still determined to open his Disney-themed park, opened Nara Dreamland in 1961, a near replica of Disneyland except without Disney characters or intellectual property. This park would continue to operate until 2006, and eventually demolished in 2017.

In February 1974, the Oriental Land Company formally invited Disney executives to Japan for a fact-finding tour. In June of the same year, the company's president, Chiharu Kawasaki, visited The Walt Disney Company to reinforce Oriental Land Company's desire to bring Disneyland to Japan. During this visit, Kawasaki once again extended an invitation to the top Disney executives to visit Japan. Subsequently, in December 1974, Disney executives visited Japan.

After many years of negotiations Masatomo Takahashi the then president of the Oriental Land Company signed the initial contract for the construction of Tokyo Disneyland in Chiba Prefecture in April 1979. Japanese engineers and architects visited California to tour Disneyland and prepare to construct the new park. The construction of the park began a year later and was covered by hundreds of reporters as an indication of the high expectations for the park in the future. The final cost of Tokyo Disneyland was 180 billion yen rather than the projected 100 billion yen.

On February 28, 2020, Oriental Land announced a temporary closure of Tokyo Disneyland and DisneySea from February 29 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The closure, originally slated to expire in mid-March, was later extended twice, with the latest extension being until July 1, 2020.

Park layout and attractions
With a few exceptions, Tokyo Disneyland features the same attractions found in Disneyland and Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom.

World Bazaar
World Bazaar is the main entry corridor and primary shopping area of Tokyo Disneyland. Despite the use of the word "World" in its name, the general look and theme of World Bazaar is that of early 20th-century America, matching the "Main Street, U.S.A." areas of other Magic Kingdom-style parks. World Bazaar consists of two intersecting "streets": Main Street (the primary corridor running from the main entrance toward Cinderella Castle), and Center Street, which forms a perpendicular line with Main Street and leads to Adventureland in one direction and Tomorrowland in the other. World Bazaar has a permanent canopy covering the Main Street and Center Street areas, designed to protect guests from the elements.

Adventureland

Adventureland consists of two distinct yet complementary areas: A New Orleans-themed area and a "jungle"-themed area. It borrows stylistic and architectural features from the New Orleans Square and Adventureland areas found in Disneyland Park in the United States.

Westernland
Westernland is an "old west" themed area, the counterpart of Frontierland in other Magic Kingdom-style parks. The landscape of Westernland is dominated by Big Thunder Mountain, a Monument Valley-style mountain surrounding a mine train roller coaster, and the Rivers of America, a man-made waterway that is home to the Mark Twain Riverboat, Tom Sawyer Island, and numerous live and Audio-Animatronic animals.

Critter Country
Critter Country is a small area of the park with the key attraction being Splash Mountain, a log-flume ride which opened in 1992 and is based on the animated sequences of Disney's 1946 film ''Song of the South. ''

Fantasyland

Like other Magic Kingdom theme parks, Fantasyland's central entryway is a castle, in this case Cinderella Castle, a near exact copy of the one in Florida's Magic Kingdom. Lacking any "thrill rides", Fantasyland's attractions are generally dark rides that take visitors through scenes from Disney films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Peter Pan, and Pinocchio.

A new Beauty and the Beast sub-section opened in September 2020 as part of the theme park's largest expansion. A dark ride named Enchanted Tale of Beauty and the Beast is housed in the new Beauty and the Beast Castle with Maurice's Cottage and Gaston's Fountain at its entrance. The new section also houses Belle's Village which includes the La Taverne de Gaston eatery, and Village Shoppes selling souvenirs and gifts.

A new stage show venue named Fantasyland Forest Theatre is also part of the expansion. With a capacity of 1,500 people, the venue will introduce a 25-minute Mickey's Magical Music World show.

Toontown

Like its counterpart at Disneyland, Toontown (called "Mickey's Toontown" at Disneyland) is heavily inspired by the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit. The major attraction here is Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin.

A new attraction named Minnie's Style Studio opened in September 2020 as part of the theme park's largest expansion. As a character greeting area, it allows guests to take photos with Minnie who will be wearing a rotating selection of seasonal outfits.

Tomorrowland
As is the case with other modern-day Disney theme parks, Tokyo Disneyland's Tomorrowland forgoes a realism-based vision of the future and instead features science-fiction fantasy themes. Architecturally it borrows much from the 1971–1993 version of Florida's Tomorrowland. Rides include Space Mountain, Star Tours – The Adventures Continue, and Buzz Lightyear's Astro Blasters.

A rotating car ride named The Happy Ride with Baymax opened in September 2020 as part of the theme park's largest expansion. The ride is the first Disney attraction to be themed based on Disney's 2014 film Big Hero 6 (film). A new specialty space-themed popcorn shop named The Big Pop also opened on the same day.

Future
Since the park opened in 1983, Tokyo Disney Resort has regularly been one of the most profitable Disney resorts. By 1994, over 149 million people had entered through the gates of Tokyo Disneyland, more than Japan's entire population of 127.6 million at the time. In 1996, it employed 12,390 people, making Tokyo Disneyland the biggest workplace in Japan's diversionary outings at that time. Many speculate that Tokyo Disneyland is such an economic success due to timing and location; the theme park lies in a metropolitan area with a population of 30 million and opened at the height of a booming economy where hard-working citizens desired an escape from reality.

Tokyo Disneyland states that one of its main aims is to improve the park and diversify from the limits of the domestic Disney parks. Tokyo Disneyland has recently been adding a national identity within the parks by adding attractions with distinctly Japanese qualities. Cinderella Castle displays the Disney character and story plot yet presents the story through the eyes of the Japanese. Once dominated by Disney Legends, Masatomo Takahashi, the former president of The Oriental Land Company, states this growth and development as one of its primary goals: "We must not just repeat what we receive from Disney. I am convinced that we must contribute to the cultural exchange between Japan and U.S.A."

title: Tokyo Disneyland


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Golden Crisp

Golden Crisp, also known as Sugar Crisp in Canada, is a brand of breakfast cereal made by Post Consumer Brands that consists of sweetened, candy-coated puffed wheat and is noted for its high sugar content. It was introduced in the United States in 1948.

History
At the 1904 World Fair, the Quaker Oats Company made a candy-coated puffed cereal, a wheat-based product similar to Cracker Jack's candy-coated popcorn. The product concept was re-introduced unsuccessfully in 1939 by another business as Ranger Joe, the first pre-sweetened, candy-coated breakfast cereal. Post Foods introduced their own version in 1948. The Post version was originally called "Happy Jax", and was renamed to "Sugar Crisp" the next year.

Sugar Crisp debuted with what The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets would later call "an astonishing sugar content of 51 percent" (in weight), which remained the second highest in the US market when competitor Kellogg's introduced its Sugar Smacks (later renamed Honey Smacks) in the early 1950s which consisted of 55% sugar. The two cereals are both sweetened puffed wheat.

In 1967, the name was changed to "Super Sugar Crisp", and in 1985, it was changed again to "Super Golden Crisp". Finally, it was changed to "Golden Crisp" (during a time when many cereals dropped the word "Sugar" from their names) in the American market.

In the early 1970s, there was a short-lived variation on the original Sugar Crisp, called "Super Orange Crisp", which had orange-flavored O's in it.

As of 2021, the product is still sold as Sugar Crisp in Canada, with ads displaying the Sugar Bear mascot and the phrase "Can't get enough of that Sugar Crisp."

Marketing
Advertisements in the 1950s positioned this sugar cereal as being appropriate to eat for breakfast, as a snack, or as candy, similar to candy-coated popcorn products like Cracker Jack. Early advertisements featured three animated cartoon bears named Dandy, Handy, and Candy as the mascots. The early slogan said, "As a cereal it's dandy—for snacks it's so handy—or eat it like candy!"

Later television advertisements feature one mascot, an anthropomorphic cartoon bear character known as Sugar Bear, who sings the jingle, "Can't get enough of that Sugar Crisp", to the tune of Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho. In commercials, Sugar Bear could turn into "Super Bear" upon eating it. This was dropped in the mid-to-late 1980s, where he would simply defeat his foes with a "vitamin-packed punch" as Sugar Bear. The jingle was also expanded to conclude with "it's got the crunch with punch", although this was dropped in later years. In later lines of commercials (the first listed produced exclusively for Canada), Sugar Bear would do battle with Stan, a security guard at the Sugar Crisp factory (from whom Sugar Bear would try to steal mass amounts of Sugar Crisp straight from the factory, often swimming in the honey used to sweeten it with the phrase "how sweet it is!"), or (one of the earliest and longest running of his co-stars) Granny, an elderly witch-like figure with a magic wand (voiced by Ruth Buzzi and later by June Foray) who, despite liberal use of magic, could never keep Sugar Bear from helping himself to her Golden Crisp. Sugar Bear's voice, provided by Gerry Matthews for forty years, was in the style of a suave crooner like Bing Crosby or Dean Martin.

The focus of advertising shifted from targeting children to including parents, by downplaying the sweet taste (and associated sugar content).

Concerns over sugar content
In 1975, Super Orange Crisp was found to contain almost 71 percent sugar by dentist Ira Shannon. Shannon, who became tired of seeing so many cavities in his patients' mouths, bought hundreds of different kinds of sugary breakfast cereals and analyzed the contents of each in a lab.

In a 2008 comparison of the nutritional value of 27 cereals, U.S. magazine Consumer Reports found that Post's Golden Crisp and the similar Kellogg's Honey Smacks were the two brands with the highest sugar content—more than 50 percent (by weight)—commenting that one serving of this or other high-sugar cereals contained at least as much sugar "as there is in a glazed doughnut from Dunkin' Donuts". Consumer Reports recommended that parents choose cereal brands with better nutritional ratings for their children.

title: Golden Crisp


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Winter Sonata

Winter Sonata is a 2002 South Korean television drama series, starring Bae Yong-joon and Choi Ji-woo. It is the second part of the season-themed tetralogy Endless Love drama series directed by Yoon Seok-ho. Filming primarily took place on the resort island of Namiseom and Seoul. It aired on KBS2 from January 14 to March 19, 2002, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 (KST) for 20 episodes. It has also been adapted into an anime series and a stage musical.

Synopsis
The story begins when Joon-sang (Bae Yong-joon), the son of an eminent musician, moves to Chuncheon, a rural city in South Korea. As an extraordinarily talented student, Joon-sang is welcomed by his fellow students as well as his teachers, but remains a quiet, introverted teenager. As a result of the belief that his biological father is dead, and serious disagreements with his mother, Joon-sang believes that no one truly loves him.

On his way to school one day, Joon-sang's classmate Yoo-jin (Choi Ji-woo), while sitting next to him on the bus, falls asleep on his shoulder. After a few weeks, the two forge a close friendship. One day, Joon-sang convinces Yoo-jin to escape school together. On the way, Joon-sang soon falls in love with Yoo-jin, who opens her innocent heart to him. One fateful day, when Joon-sang pays a visit to Yoo-jin's house, he comes across a photo in their photo album. Their love, however, is cut short after Joon-sang is badly injured in a car accident and, due to brain damage, sustains amnesia, unable to remember anything prior to his accident.

Joon-sang's mother, yearning for Joon-sang's love and respect, has Joon-sang brainwashed by a hypnotist hoping to erase Joon-sang's memories of his painful childhood as an illegitimate child. As a result, Joon-sang's memories prior to the accident are erased. Joon-sang's mother decides to move to the United States with Joon-sang, where he can start a new life under the identity of Lee Min-hyung. His friends and teachers are told that Joon-sang is dead.

Ten years later, Min-hyung is an award-winning architect in the United States. He does not remember anything about his life in Korea. He is completely different, now an open-minded person who cares about other people. He returns to Korea and Yoo-jin sees him on the street, prompting her to put off her engagement to her childhood friend Sang-hyuk (Park Yong-ha). Little does she know that Min-hyung is dating her friend and past rival Chae-rin (Park Sol-mi). The story's plot thickens when Yoo-jin's interior design firm is awarded a project by Min-hyung's architectural firm, and has to work with Min-hyung. Yoo-jin sometimes wonders if he is her supposedly dead first love Joon-sang.

After a few months, Min-hyung also falls in love with Yoo-jin, fueling the anger of Chae-rin. Chae-rin sees Yoo-jin as a third wheel and attempts to draw Min-hyung's attention back to herself by lying about Yoo-jin. However, her plan is exposed when Min-hyung accidentally overhears a conversation between Chae-rin and Jin-sook.

Cast

 * Bae Yong-joon as Kang Joon-sang / Lee Min-hyung
 * Choi Ji-woo as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Park Yong-ha as Kim Sang-hyuk
 * Park Sol-mi as Oh Chae-rin
 * Lee Hye-eun as Kong Jin-sook
 * Ryu Seung-soo as Kwon Yong-gook
 * Kwon Hae-hyo as Kim seonbae
 * Song Ok-sook as Kang Mi-hee, Joon-sang's mother
 * Jung Dong-hwan as Kim Jin-woo, Sang-hyuk's father
 * Kim Hae-sook as Lee Yeong-hee, Yoo-jin's mother
 * Ha Ji-hye as Jeong Hee-jin, Yoo-jin's younger sister
 * Jung Won-joong as Park Jong-ho, "Gargamel"
 * Jang Hang-sun as Supervisor Min
 * Lee Hyo-chun as Park Ji-young, Sang-hyuk's mother
 * Park Hyun-sook as Lee Jeong-ah, Yoo-jin's colleague at Polaris
 * Son Jong-bum as Yoo-jin's colleague at Polaris
 * Yoo Yul as Radio broadcaster
 * Maeng Ho-rim as Dr. Ahn
 * Ha Jae-young as Jeong Hyeon-soo, Yoo-jin's father

Reception
Winter Sonata is credited with causing the second wave of the Korean Wave and extending it to Japan and the Philippines. It improved the image of South Korea among the Japanese and set fashion trends throughout East Asia. The series was a commercial success; 330,000 DVDs and 1,200,000 copies of Winter Sonata novelizations were sold. The series yielded more than US$27 billion when taking into account the profit it contributed to tourism. The number of visitors to the island of Namiseom (where the series was shot) grew from 250,000 to over 650,000 after the series was aired. A statue of the main characters can also be found on the island at the spot where they first kissed.

The series shot actor Bae Yong-joon into stardom in Asia, and he became especially popular among middle-aged Japanese women. When he first visited Japan in 2004, more than 3,000 women guarded by 350 policemen gathered at the airport to welcome him. Junichiro Koizumi, the Japanese prime minister at the time, was quoted saying that Bae was more popular in Japan than himself.

The series was also aired in the Philippines in 2003, via GMA Network's primetime block under the title Endless Love II: Winter Sonata and one of the highest rated shows at that time. As a result, it also brought the Korean Wave to the Philippines. Just like in Japan, Bae Yong-joon became popular among middle-aged women.

The series was a success in Asia and the America as well.

Ratings
In this table, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.

Original soundtrack
In addition, "Moment" performed by Ryu and available on his album Ryu 2 is included on some bootleg versions of the Winter Sonata soundtrack.

International broadcast
The drama first aired in Japan on NHK in 2004; it was dubbed in Japanese and edited into 60-minute episodes. The final episode (which aired on August 23, 2004) recorded ratings of 20.6% in Kanto, 22.5% in Nagoya, and 23.8% in the Kansai regions. The series as a whole had an average viewership in the 14% to 15% range. Due to overwhelming demand from viewers to watch the series in its original format, it was re-aired on NHK's satellite channel BS2 unedited (in its original Korean audio, with Japanese subtitles), beginning December 20, 2004.

It was the first Korean drama that ushered in the Korean Wave in Malaysia, when it aired in 2002 on TV3 dubbed in Mandarin with Malay subtitles. PMP Entertainment later released the drama in VCD and DVD format under the Bahasa title, Kisah Cinta Musim Salju (meaning "Winter Love Story"). A Malay cover version of the theme song was released with the title "Sonata Musim Salju" (meaning "Winter's Sonata").

The drama aired in Nepal on Kantipur Television Network in the mid-2000s dubbed in Nepali. The drama triggered the Korean Wave in the country and its lead star Bae Yong-joon became very popular amongst women in the country.

In Indonesia, Winter Sonata was broadcast on SCTV in August 2002.

In 2006, pan-Asian American network AZN Television bought the rights to air Winter Sonata in a 24-hour marathon with other Korean dramas.

In Asia, the drama is available to stream via Iflix with English, Indonesian, Malay, Simplified Mandarin, Sinhalese, Vietnamese and Burmese subtitles.

Anime
An anime adaptation of Winter Sonata premiered on Japan's SKY PerfecTV! on October 17, 2009, consisting of 26 episodes subtitled in Japanese and English. Directed by Ahn Jae-hoon and written by Kim Hyeong-wan, the program featured 23 members of the original Korean cast voicing the characters, including Bae and Choi who reprised their roles. The role of "Sang-hyuk", originally played by Park Yong-ha, was voiced by singer Kang Yo-hwan and "Chae-rin" was dubbed by newcomer Lee Se-na in place of Park Sol-mi. During October 2011, Animax Asia aired the anime in Korean audio and English subtitles across South and Southeast Asia.

Korean version

 * Bae Yong-joon as Kang Joon-sang / Lee Min-hyung
 * Choi Ji-woo as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Park Yong Ha as Kim Sang-hyuk
 * Park Sol Mi as Oh Chae-rin
 * Ryu Seung-soo as Kwon Yong-gook
 * Seon Jeon-hui as Kong Jin-sook, Catalina and Marianne
 * Bae Han-seon as Kim Jin-woo (Sang-hyuk's father)
 * So Hye-jyeon as Kang Mi-hee (Joon-sang's mother) and Anne
 * Yoon So-ra as Kim Yeong-hee (Yoo-jin's mother) and Mother superior
 * Lee Young-yoo as Jeong Hee-jin (Yoo-jin's younger sister)
 * Lee Jang-won as Park Jong-ho (teacher)
 * Choi Seon-woo as Park Ji-young (Sang-hyuk's mother)
 * Min-ji as Lee Jeong-ah
 * Park Yeong-jae as Hang Seung-ryong and DJ (Sang-hyuk's colleague)
 * Kim Chang as Kim Hyo-sook (Min-hyung's seonbae) and Jeong Hyeon-soo (Yoo-jin's father)
 * Kim Gyu-sik as Dr. Ahn
 * Seo-yeong as Jane
 * Cho Gyun-joon as Manager Kim (Mi-hee's manager)
 * Im Chae-hong as Claude
 * Nam Do-hyeong as Louis
 * Hong Seong-min as Chang
 * Kim In-jeong as Manufacturing manager

Japanese version

 * Masato Hagiwara as Kang Joon-sang / Lee Min-hyung
 * Misato Tanaka as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Kazuma Horie as Kim Sang-hyuk
 * Sayaka Kinoshita as Oh Chae-rin
 * Fuminori Komatsu as Kwon Yong-gook
 * Makoto Tsumura as Kong Jin-sook
 * Mitsuru Takakuwa as Kim Jin-woo, Sang-hyuk's father
 * Chika Mizuno as Kang Mi-hee, Joon-sang's mother
 * Kaoru Katakai as Kim Yeong-hee, Yoo-jin's mother
 * Michiko Komatsu as Jeong Hee-jin, Yoo-jin's younger sister
 * Binbin Takaoka as Park Jong-ho, teacher
 * Kikue Umimoto as Park Ji-young, Sang-hyuk's mother
 * Tatsuya Kamijo as Radio DJ
 * Aki Yasunaga as Lee Jeong-ah
 * Seiro Ogino as Kim Hyo-sook, Min-hyung's seonbae
 * Yasuhiro Mamiya as Dr. Ahn
 * Kumi Tanaka as Jane
 * Katsunori Kobayashi as Manager Kim, Mi-hee's manager
 * Kenji Sugimura as Claude
 * Ryo Agawa as Anne
 * Yūto Suzuki as Louis
 * Masanori Machida as Chang
 * Koki Yamada as Manufacturing manager
 * Kanako Hirano as Catalina
 * Sayuri Sadaoka as Mother superior
 * Rinko Hayashi as Marianne
 * Keiichi Nakagawa as Jeong Hyeon-soo, Yoo-jin's father

Version 1

 * 1) 最初から今まで (From the Beginning Until Now) - instrumental 2009
 * 2) サラハムニダ:初めて2 (Sarahamnida:First Time 2)
 * 3) たった一歩だけでも (Only One Step Alone)
 * 4) いつでもただ君だけを (Forever for Her) - Lee Se-jun (Ending)
 * 5) 聞きなれない声 (Not Used To Hearing Voice)
 * 6) 凍りついた視線 (Frozen Eye)
 * 7) To My Dearest
 * 8) サラハムニダ:初めて2 (New Age ver.) (Sarahamnida:First Time 2 New Age ver.)
 * 9) 逢いたい (I Miss You) - Yoo Hae-joon
 * 10) Mystery Episodes
 * 11) 氷の湖 (Ice Lake)
 * RUN
 * 1) ソナタ(恋歌) - Kang Yo-hwan
 * 2) 最初から今まで (From the Beginning Until Now) - Ryu (Opening)

Version 2

 * 1) 雪の森 (Snow Wood)
 * 2) サラハムニダ:初めて2 (Humming ver.) (Sarahamnida:First Time 2 Humming ver.)
 * 3) 届かない想い (Feelings Do Not Receive) - Kang Yo-hwan
 * 4) 真冬の散歩道 (Winter Walking Road)
 * 5) 記憶と願い (Memory and Wish)
 * 6) 踊らないオルゴール (Music Box Do Not Dance)
 * 7) サラハムニダ:初めて2 (Clarinet ver.) (Sarahamnida:First Time 2 Clarinet ver.)
 * 8) Polaris
 * 9) 思い出づくり (Making Memory)
 * 10) Invisible Love
 * 11) サラハムニダ:初めて2 (Classic ver.) (Sarahamnida:First Time 2 Classic ver.)
 * 12) ソナタ(恋歌)(Strings Inst ver.) (Sonata Strings Inst ver.)
 * 13) 君と永遠に (With You Forever) - Shin Min-chul (T-Max)
 * 14) Believe You - Yoonji

Documentary cast (episode 26)

 * Bae Yong-joon as Kang Joon-sang
 * Choi Ji-woo as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Kang Yo-hwan as Kim Sang-hyuk
 * Lee Se-na as Oh Chae-rin
 * Ryu Seung-soo as Kwon Yong-gook
 * Seon Jeon-hui as Kong Jin-sook

Musical theater
Winter Sonata marked its 10th year milestone with a staging of a new musical adaptation that ran from September 27, 2011 to March 18, 2012. Yoon Seok-ho was the producer and art director, with stage direction by Yoo Hee-sung (Mozart!, Pimagol Love Song) and musical score by Oh Eun-hee (Dae Jang Geum, Singin' in the Rain). The leading role of Yoo-jin was portrayed by musical actress Choi Soo-jin.

The Winter Sonata musical first premiered in 2006 in several cities in Japan, including Sapporo, Tokyo and Osaka, and popular crossover tenor Im Tae-kyung drew crowds. It also completed a run in Busan and Seoul, from late 2010 to early 2011, with stage direction by Im Do-wan (Woyzeck) and musical score by Lee Ji-soo.

2006

 * Im Tae-kyung and Lee Sang-hyeon as Kang Joon-sang / Lee Min-hyung
 * Park Hong-joo and Im Kang-hee as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Lee Pil-sung as Kim Sang-hyuk
 * Jiny as Oh Chae-rin
 * Lee Jin-kyu as Kwon Yong-gook
 * Kim Gyung-hwa as Kong Jin-sook
 * Shin Bok-ja as Kang Mi-hee, Joon-sang's mother
 * Yang Joon-mo as Spirit
 * Nam Moon-chul as Dr. Oh, Chae-rin's father

2011

 * Kim Tae-han as Kang Joon-sang / Lee Min-hyung
 * Park Woo-ne and Choi Soo-jin as Jeong Yoo-jin
 * Jeong Jae-hong and Kim Gyeong-soo as Kim Sang-hyuk

Manga
A Japanese comic has also been published of this story, using photos of the series as covers.

Video games
Two pachinko simulation games called Pachitte Chonmage Tatsujin 10: Pachinko Fuyu no Sonata and Pachitte Chonmage Tatsujin 15: Pachinko Fuyu no Sonata 2 were made by Hack Berry and released on January 25, 2007 and December 25, 2008, respectively and for the PlayStation 2.

A Nintendo DSi enhanced title, called Fuyu no Sonata DS was released in Japan by D3Publisher on December 17, 2009.

In popular culture
In episode 5 of Da Capo II's first season (aired October 29, 2007), two main characters go to a movie called Fuyu no Anata (冬のアナタ), which is clearly Fuyu no Sonata (both share the same font and characters). One of the Fuyu no Anata posters visible in the Da Capo anime episode looks exactly like the first Fuyu no Sonata manga cover. The Japanese anime Kaguya-sama: Love Is War has a soundtrack adapted from one of the soundtracks by the Korean drama.

In the Family Guy episode Candy, Quahog Marshmallow, Peter, Cleveland and Joe become obsessed with a Korean drama called Winter Summer, a parody of Winter Sonata.

title: Winter Sonata


text: File:Lsmsa-crest.jpg

title: File:Lsmsa-crest.jpg


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Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama

Kanazawa-ku (金沢区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 209,565 and a density of 6,760 persons per km². The total area was 31.01 km2. The ward symbol, established 1987, expresses the image of sea, waves, and a sea gull.

History
The area around present-day Kanazawa Ward has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jōmon period at numerous locations in the area. Under the Nara period Ritsuryō system, it became part of Kuraki District in Musashi Province. By the Kamakura period it was part of a shōen controlled by the Hōjō clan, who established a major seaport for the Kamakura shogunate at Mutsuura, and a noted library and educational center at Kanazawa Bunko.

During the Edo period, much of the area was part of the tenryō territory in Musashi Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. In 1726, a large portion of the present ward came under the control of the newly established Mutsuura Domain ruled by the Yonekura clan. The area consisted of small farming and fishing villages. During the Bakumatsu period, the area offshore Kanazawa was an anchorage for the American black ships under command of Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1853 and 1854. After the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce in 1858, it was one of the first areas in Japan opened to foreign trade. In 1871, with the abolition of the han system following the Meiji Restoration, the area became part of Kuraki District in the new Kanagawa Prefecture. In 1887, Itō Hirobumi and a group of political scholars completed the final drafts of the Meiji Constitution while secluded in an inn in Kanazawa. In the cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, the area was divided into numerous villages. The area was connected by rail to Yokohama with the opening of the Shōnan Electric Railway (the predecessor of the modern Keihin Electric Express Railway in 1930. In October 1936, Kuraki District was abolished, and the area was absorbed into Yokohama City, becoming part of Isogo Ward. A large railway carriage factory was established in Kanazawa Ward in 1946 by the Tokyu Corporation on the site of a former Imperial Japanese Navy Technical Center. Kanazawa Ward gained its independence from Isogo Ward in May 1948.

Geography
Kanazawa Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and in the southeast corner of the city of Yokohama. The area is largely flatland, with scattered small hills. The Ward is bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay.

Surrounding municipalities

 * Isogo Ward
 * Sakae Ward
 * Kamakura
 * Zushi
 * Yokosuka

Economy
Kanazawa Ward is largely a regional commercial center and bedroom community for central Yokohama, Kawasaki and Tokyo.

Railroads

 * Keihin Electric Express Railway-Keikyū Main Line
 * Keikyū Tomioka - Nōkendai - Kanazawa-Bunko - Kanazawa-Hakkei
 * Keihin Electric Express Railway-Keikyū Zushi Line
 * Kanazawa-Hakkei - Mutsuura
 * Yokohama New Transit Co., Ltd - Kanazawa Seaside Line
 * Nambu-Shijō - Torihama - Namiki-Kita - Namiki-Chūō - Sachiura - Sangyōshinkō Center - Fukuura - Shidai-Igakubu - Hakkeijima - Uminokōen-Shibaguchi - Uminokōen-Minamiguchi - Nojimakōen - Kanazawa-Hakkei

Highways

 * Bayshore Route
 * Yokohama-Yokosuka Route
 * Japan National Route 16
 * Route 357 (Japan)

Prefecture roads

 * Kanagawa Prefecture Road 23
 * Kanagawa Prefecture Road 204
 * Kanagawa Prefecture Road 205

Attractions

 * Kanazawa Bunko
 * Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise

Sports centers

 * Rinetsu Kanazawa (pool)
 * Sports center of Kanazawa (indoor gym)

Beaches

 * Nojima Beach—It is the last remaining natural beach in Yokohama city. The beach is shallow for a good distance from the shore.
 * Umi no Kouen—A city park with an artificial beach. The sand was carried by ship from Chiba prefecture. Visitors can go shellfish gathering there.

Fishing ports

 * Shiba fishing port
 * Kanazawa fishing port

Education
Tertiary:
 * Yokohama City University
 * Kanto Gakuin University

Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education operates prefectural high schools:
 * Kanazawa Sogo High School
 * Kamariya High School

Yokohama Municipal Board of Education operates the following municipal high schools:
 * Kanazawa High School

Private high schools:
 * Yokohama So-Gakukan High School
 * Yokohama Junior & Senior High School
 * Kanto Gakuin Matsuura Junior/Senior High School

The municipal board of education also operates public junior and senior high schools.

Nishi Kanazawa Elementary/Junior High School a.k.a. Nishi Kanazawa Gakuen (西金沢学園) is a combined elementary and junior high school in Kanazawa-ku.

Junior high schools:

 * Daido (大道)
 * Kamariya (釜利谷)
 * Kanasawa (金沢)
 * Koda (小田)
 * Mutsuura (六浦)
 * Namiki (並木)
 * Nishishiba (西柴)
 * Tomioka (富岡)
 * Tomioka Higashi (富岡東)

Elementary schools:

 * Asahina (朝比奈)
 * Bunko (文庫)
 * Daido (大道)
 * Hakkei (八景)
 * Kamariya (釜利谷)
 * Kamariya Higashi (釜利谷東)
 * Kamariya Minami (釜利谷南)
 * Kanazawa (金沢)
 * Koda (小田)
 * Mutsuura (六浦)
 * Mutsuura Minami (六浦南)
 * Nishi Shiba (西柴)
 * Nishi Tomioka (西富岡)
 * Nokendai (能見台)
 * Nokendai Minami (能見台南)
 * Segasaki (瀬ケ崎)
 * Takafunedai (高舟台)
 * Tomiki Chuo (Central) (並木中央)
 * Tomiki Daiichi (No. 1) (並木第一)
 * Tomiki Daiyon (No. 4) (並木第四)
 * Tomioka (富岡)

Additionally, Bairin Elementary School (梅林小学校), outside of Kanazawa-ku, has an attendance zone that includes a part of Kanazawa-ku.

Famous people

 * Teruo Iwamoto – professional soccer player
 * Kazumasa Oda – singer, songwriter
 * Koizumi Matajirō – politician
 * Naoto Takenaka – actor
 * Yuta Tabuse – professional basketball player
 * Kota Yabu – actor, singer
 * Max Matsuura – record producer
 * Mitsuru Igarashi – musician
 * Kōichirō Uno – novelist
 * Katsumi Asaba – art director
 * Tadanobu Asano – actor

title: Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama


text:
Stormont County

Stormont County area 248608 acre is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Stormont was created in 1792, but was settled seven years earlier in 1785. Veterans of Loyalist regiments were among the first settlers. An estimated one third of the pioneers in the county were Highlander, one third German and the rest English, Irish and Lowland Scots people.

The original territory of Stormont also included Russell County, which became a separate county in 1800.

Stormont later united with Dundas and Glengarry to form the regional government United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.

Historic Townships

 * Cornwall (SE): area 63460 acre. Was settled in 1785 by veterans of Sir John Johnson's and other Loyalist companies. Community centres were Moulinette, north Field and Cornwall. This township is now part of South Stormont Township
 * Finch (NW): Was part of Osnabruck Township until 1798. It was settled in 1785. It is named in honour of Lady Elizabeth Finch, wife of the first Earl of Mansfield. Community centres were Crysler, Berwick, Finch, and Glen Payne. The township is now part of North Stormont Township
 * Osnabruck (SW): area 61320 acre. Surveyed from 1784 to 1787, it was named from a Hanoverian town closely associated with the royal family. The township was settled in 1785 by Loyalist veterans, many of them Germans. Community Centres: Newington, Grantley, Osnabruck Centre and Wales. The township is now part of South Stormont Township.
 * Roxborough (NE): Was part of Cornwall Township until 1798. It was named from the Scottish County. Community Centres were Moose Creek, Avonmore and Monckland. The township is now part of North Stormont Township.

title: Stormont County


text:
Glengarry County, Ontario

Glengarry County, an area covering 288688 acre, is a former county in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is historically known for its settlement of Scottish Highlanders. Glengarry County now consists of the modern-day townships of North Glengarry and South Glengarry and it borders the Saint Lawrence River.

Glengarry was founded in 1784 by Scottish loyalists, mainly from Clan Donald, and other Highland Scottish emigrants from the Mohawk Valley in New York. The Crown granted them land and helped with supplies the first winter, as compensation for their losses in New York. Some veterans received land instead of pay for their salaries. In addition, the settlement was founded as a destination for Scottish emigrants arriving after the recent Highland Clearances. Great Britain hoped the new immigrants would help settle and develop this area, which became known as Upper Canada and later Ontario. Throughout the late 18th and the 19th century, other Highland emigrants settled into the community as a means of preserving their Scottish Highland Culture. The county was named after the Scottish Glen, where the MacDonell family was based. The Glengarry Highland Games are an example of the county's historic culture, first celebrated in 1948. They have been held annually since, during the weekend before the first Monday in August. These Games are one of the largest of their kind outside Scotland, attracting visitors from all over the world. The original territory of Glengarry also included Prescott County, which became a separate county in 1800.

Canadian Gaelic (i.e. Canadian Scottish Gaelic) used to be a common language in this region. Though the number of speakers has steadily decreased over the past years, those wanting to learn Gaelic form classes throughout Glengarry.

Glengarry united with Stormont and Dundas in 1850 to form the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.

Historic townships
Glengarry was originally divided east and west into Charlottenburgh and Lancaster townships, and then eventually divided into four townships. It has since been divided into North and South Glengarry.
 * Charlottenburgh – now in South Glengarry Township, it was named in honour of Queen Charlotte.
 * Kenyon – now in North Glengarry Township. Kenyon Township was taken from Charlottenburg Township in 1798, and was named from the English Chief Justice Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon
 * Lancaster – now in South Glengarry Township. Surveyed in 1784, it was first settled in 1785.
 * Lochiel – now in North Glengarry. Lochiel Township separated from Lancaster Township on November 24, 1818. Lochiel was named after the chief of the Clan Cameron. This clan had many representatives among the veteran settlers.

title: Glengarry County, Ontario


text:
Kinuta Park

Kinuta Park (砧公園) is a park in Setagaya, Tokyo. The total area is 39 ha, about two-thirds of which (24 ha) is grass.

Kinuta Park is famous for its cherry blossom (sakura) viewing. It has at least three varieties—Someiyoshino (photo), Yamazakura, and Yaezakura—and this makes for a relatively long hanami viewing season of over two weeks.

Facilities
There are baseball fields, soccer fields, cycling courses and the Setagaya Art Museum. The 1.66 km cycling course doubles as a walking course outside the hours of 9 am and 4 pm.

History
The park was a wooded area. It was planned as a park in 1935 ahead of the 2,600th anniversary of the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu, the mythical first emperor of Japan. After Japan was awarded the 1940 Summer Olympics in 1936 it was planned that the Olympic village would have built either here in the Todoroki Gorge area. After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 the Olympics were forfeited to Helsinki in Finland, (the runner-up in the bidding process) but were later cancelled entirely due to World War II.

In 1957 the area became a public golf course, which was later closed and turned into the park in its current form. The park still resembles a golf course when seen from above.

Access
The Tōmei Expressway (東名高速道路, Tōmei Kōsoku Dōro) runs along the south side; Kampachi (環八, the #8 ring road), along the east. The Tōmei Expressway ends at that intersection.

title: Kinuta Park


text:
Horsmonden

Horsmonden is a village in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. The village is located in the Weald of Kent. It is situated on a road leading from Maidstone to Lamberhurst, three miles north of the latter place. The nearest railway station is Paddock Wood.

History
The village's name is derived from the Anglo Saxon hors meaning 'horse', bune ('reed') or burna ('stream') and denn, a Kentish word meaning 'wooded pasture'. The village is first recorded as Horsbundenne around the turn of the twelfth century.

The village was an important centre of the post-medieval iron industry and the nearby Furnace Pond is one of the largest of the artificial lakes made to provide water power for the works. King Charles I visited the foundry in 1638 to watch a cannon being cast – a bronze four-pounder, forty-two inches long, now preserved in London's White Tower.

The village was home to Jane Austen's grandfather who lived at Broadford, a 15th-century clothmaster's hall, and several other of her relatives. The main Austen residence moved from Broadford to Capel Manor House which was constructed in 1860 but demolished in 1966. Many of the family's graves can be seen in the churchyard of St. Margaret's Church.

There is a Pavee horse fair held on the village green each year. In 2000, the local parish council with assistance of the then-Home Secretary Jack Straw, ruled that due to ongoing safety concerns, the fair would not go ahead and a 5-mile exclusion zone was put in place. However, due to protests and legal action from the wider Pavee community, this decision was overturned and the fairs resumed following a compromise between the travellers and the local authorities in 2001.

St Margaret's Church is located some distance away from the centre of the village, towards the neighbouring village of Goudhurst.

Just outside the village is the 16th-century National Trust property Sprivers, which has an open garden at specific dates as part of the National Gardens Scheme.

Public transport
When the branch railway line to Hawkhurst was operating, there was a railway station for the village. However Horsmonden railway station closed in 1961. The station site is now used as a garage called "Old Station Garage" and the stationmaster's house is now a private residence.

Today the only public transport for Horsmonden is the 297 bus route previously operated by Renown, but now operated by Hams Travel and a 296 which goes to Tunbridge Wells from Paddock Wood operated by Arriva.

There are also two school bus services (the 268 and the 267) operated by Hams Travel.

Cricket club
Horsmonden Cricket Club dates back to 1738. The team is first recorded in July 1738, playing against Chislehurst Cricket Club on Chislehurst Common. A return match took place at an unspecified venue in Horsmonden on Friday, 21 July 1738. The club retained prominence into the 1740s.

The club today is home to six cricket teams: two men's sides and four youth sides.

Notable people

 * John Browne (d 1651), gunfounder, leased Brenchley Furnace, the site of which is now in Horsmonden.
 * Simon Willard, (d 1676), who founded the town of Concord, Massachusetts in Massachusetts Bay, was born in Horsmonden
 * William Moon (1818–94), teacher and philanthropist, was born in Horsmonden
 * Ruth Thomas (b 1967), novelist, was born in Horsmonden
 * Ken Mills (ex-cricket player and supporter of Horsmonden Primary School)
 * David Beerling FRS (born 1965). Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Climate change mitigation and Sorby Professor at the University of Sheffield. Educated at Horsmonden Primary School.
 * Johnny Beerling (born 1937). British radio producer and station controller. Resided in Horsmonden.

title: Horsmonden


text: User talk:133.2.251.198

title: User talk:133.2.251.198


text:
Bothwell (Canadian electoral district)

Bothwell was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence.

District
At its creation in 1867, Bothwell consisted of the Kent County townships of Bothwell, Camden, Dresden, Howard, Orford, Ridgetown, Thamesville and Zone, and the Lambton County townships of Dawn, Euphemia and Sombra. In 1882, the Townships of Euphemia, Orford and Howard were excluded from the riding, and the township of Chatham, the villages of Wallaceburg, Dresden and Thamesville, and the town of Bothwell were added to the riding.

The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed between Kent East, Kent West, Simcoe East and Simcoe South ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Election results
Mr. David Mills was appointed Minister of the Interior and Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, 24 October 1876:

 * }

Election declared void Mr. J.J. Hawkins was declared not duly elected and was unseated by judgement of Supreme Court. The seat was awarded to his opponent, 25 February 1884:

 * }

title: Bothwell (Canadian electoral district)


text:
ETA political-military

ETA political-military (Spanish: ETA político-militar, Basque: ETA politiko-militarra) or ETA (pm) was the majority faction of the Basque revolutionary armed organization ETA who, during Spain's transition to democracy, opted for a double legged structure, political on the one side and military on the other, while ETA militarra or ETA(m) adopted a military-only structure with its constituent divisions detaching into new self-standing organizations (LAB in 1974, etc.).

In the late 1970s, ETA(pm) divided into two groups, with the bulk of the militants siding with the so-called Berezis (the Special Cells). The Berezis merged shortly after with ETA(m), following that the resulting organization became the main branch of ETA and was called from then on ETA(m). Those who stuck to the positions of ETA(pm)'s executive board defended the submission of ETA's violent actions to their political party EIA's needs (founding party of Euskadiko Ezkerra), often economical urges. However, Spanish officials hard pressed on the newly formed party to immediately stop ETA(pm)'s actions or to face up to the consequences.

In the early 1980s, the VII Assembly was held, which sought a way out of armed struggle. ETA(pm) - VII Assembly, through the mediation of its political alter ego, the party Euskadiko Ezkerra (Basque Country's Left), accepted a policy of individual pardons to all members who publicly renounced violence. Many of its former members integrated into Euskadiko Ezkerra, which later fused with the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE), the Basque affiliate of the national Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

Still a small group in ETA (pm) refused to join the VII Assembly and kept the armed activity under the name ETA - VIII Assembly, soon to merge with ETA(m) in 1983.

title: ETA political-military


text:
Chuck Hiller

Charles Joseph Hiller (October 1, 1934 – October 20, 2004) was an American Major League Baseball second baseman. In the 1962 World Series, he became the first National League player to hit a grand slam in a World Series.

Hiller batted left-handed, threw right-handed, and was listed as 5 ft tall and 170 lb. After his playing days ended, he spent the rest of his life in baseball as a coach and manager.

University of St. Thomas
After graduating from McHenry East High School in Johnsburg, Illinois, Hiller attended the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. As a junior in 1955, Hiller batted .576. In 1956, he batted cleanup for the Tommies' Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference championship team. Hiller was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973.

Minor leagues
He was signed by the Cleveland Indians in 1957. Over two seasons in Cleveland's farm system, he batted .288 with nineteen home runs. On December 2, 1958 he was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the minor league baseball draft.

In 1960, Hiller was the Texas League Player of the Year, when he batted .334 with three home runs and 74 runs batted in for the Rio Grande Valley Giants. Over two seasons, he batted .337 with 151 RBIs.

Rookie season
Hiller was awarded the starting second base job to start the 1961 season. He went 1-for-4 in his major league debut on opening day, but the 0-for-21 stretch that followed his first major league hit got him in more of a platoon with the righty hitting Joey Amalfitano.

He managed to get his batting average up to .143 by the first time he went into Los Angeles to face the Dodgers on April 25 and 26. Hiller feasted on Dodgers pitching. He led off game one of the two game set with a double, and came around to score the first run of the game on Willie McCovey's single. In the second game, with the Giants trailing 3–2, he led off the eighth inning with a double, and came around to score the tying run on Willie Mays' single. Overall, Hiller went 4-for-10 with three doubles and three runs scored in the Giants' two-game sweep of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

His hitting steadily improved from there. On April 30, he went 3-for-6 with two doubles and two runs scored in a 14–4 walloping of the Milwaukee Braves. On May 30, he hit his first major league home run off the Cincinnati Reds' Jim Brosnan. For the month of June, he batted .292 to bring his average to .233.

He was hampered, however, by poor fielding. Playing the Philadelphia Phillies on June 5, Hiller mishandled Harvey Kuenn's throw from third on what should have been a routine double play. The next batter, Pancho Herrera, followed with a lead-changing three-run home run. On June 11, his second inning error on a Smoky Burgess ground ball opened the door for the Pittsburgh Pirates to score four runs. It was his seventh error of the season, and played into the decision to demote Hiller to the triple A Tacoma Giants in early July.

Hiller tore up the Pacific Coast League to the tune of a .324 batting average, five home runs and 32 RBIs to get a call back up to the majors in September. He went 3-for-5 with a run scored in his first game back in the majors, and batted .289 over the rest of the season. He also committed just one inconsequential error for a .980 fielding percentage. His rookie year, Hiller batted .238 with two home runs, twelve RBIs and 38 runs scored. He committed eight errors for a .973 fielding percentage.

Starting second baseman
Amalfitano's selection by the Houston Colt .45s in the 1962 Major League Baseball expansion draft led Giants brass to openly attempt to acquire a new second baseman before the 1962 season began. Unsuccessful, Hiller became the 1962 Giants' de facto full-time second baseman despite a poor Spring training.

Usually batting second or lead off, Hiller understood his role. He had a career high 166 hits that led to a career high 94 runs scored in front of the power bats of Mays, McCovey, Felipe Alou and Orlando Cepeda. He would also set career highs in games played (161), doubles (22) and RBIs (48). On a negative note, he also paced major league second basemen with 29 errors.

The Giants and Dodgers were embroiled in a season long battle for first place in the NL. The Dodgers were two games up on the Giants, and needed just one win when they went into St. Louis for a three-game set against the St. Louis Cardinals to end the season. The Dodgers were swept, resulting in the teams ending their 162-game schedules with identical 101-61 records, and setting up a three game tie-breaker series. The Giants won the series to face the New York Yankees in the World Series. Hiller went 3-for-10 with an RBI and a run scored.

1962 World Series
The Giants lost game one of the World Series at home (Hiller went 1-for-4 with a run scored). They scored early in game two, when Hiller led off the Giants' half of the first inning with a double, and scored on Matty Alou's ground out. It would turn out to be all the run support Jack Sanford needed, as he held the Yankees to three hits in a complete game shutout.

After losing game three at Yankee Stadium, the Giants had a 2–0 lead in game four thanks to catcher Tom Haller's two-run home run. The Yankees, however, came back with two in the sixth to tie the score. Jim Davenport walked to lead off the seventh, and the Giants put runners on second and third when Matty Alou doubled. Yankees pitcher Marshall Bridges entered the game, and intentionally walked his first batter, Bob Nieman to load the bases for Harvey Kuenn. Kuenn popped out to third, bringing Hiller to the plate with two outs.

Hiller struck out in his previous at bat with two outs and the bases loaded. This time, he came through. He drove Bridges' fastball into the front row in the right field stands for the first grand slam in World Series play by a National Leaguer. He drove in an additional run in the ninth (unearned run, no RBI credited) in the Giants' 7–3 victory.

Hiller also drove in the first run of game five, ultimately won by the Yankees, 5–3. In game six, he scored the Giants' fifth and final run. Hiller was held hitless, and struck out in the ninth in Ralph Terry's game seven four hit gem that brought the Yankees their 20th World Series title.

In his only World Series, Hiller batted .269 (7-for-26) and turned seven double plays during the seven game series. He led the Giants with five RBIs and four runs scored, both of which also tied Roger Maris for the most in the series.

1963 season
After going 2-for-5 with an RBI in the Giants' 9–2 opening day victory, Hiller's 1963 season took a sharp downward turn. On April 20, he committed three errors in a 4–0 loss to the Chicago Cubs. He also went 0-for-4 to drop his season average to .119. The table setter in the lead off spot a year ago scored just one run the first month of the season. He also didn't collect a second RBI until the final game of the month. On May 1, he fractured his wrist, sidelining him for a month.

He led off the June 6 contest with the Cubs with a double to end an 0-for-27 skid. He showed steady improvement from there, batting .286 with nine runs over the rest of the month.

On June 15, future Hall of Famer Juan Marichal and the Colt .45s' Dick Drott embarked on a classic pitchers' duel. Al Spangler drew a walk off Marichal in the fifth for Houston's first base runner. Drott gave up a single to Mays in the first, but did not give up a second hit until Davenport led off the eighth with a double. Two batters later, Hiller doubled, driving in the only run of Marichal's only career no-hitter.

He clubbed his first home run of the season on June 19 against the Dodgers' Larry Sherry. His second was a walk off against the Pirates on July 26. An exceptional month of August (.289 avg., 3 HR, 13 RBI, 14 runs) helped him end the season with a somewhat acceptable .223 average, 33 RBIs and 44 runs. His six home runs were a career high.

His disappointing performance in 1963 made him a question mark heading into the 1964 season. Through mid-June, Hiller batted .189 with one home run, twelve RBIs, seventeen runs and six errors on the field. The Giants made the decision to move on to rookie prospect Hal Lanier. Over the remainder of the season, Hiller made just 65 plate appearances, and batted .158 with five RBIs and four runs scored.

New York Mets
When All-Star second baseman Ron Hunt separated his shoulder early in the 1965 season, the New York Mets purchased Hiller from the Giants. Hiller batted .258 with three home runs, twelve RBIs and sixteen runs in Hunt's absence. He also committed eleven errors at second, including three consecutive games May 18–20.

Upon Hunt's return, the Mets tried Hiller at third (he played one game at third with the Giants ), and he made his debut as an outfielder on August 14. Overall, Hiller batted .238 with five home runs, 21 RBIs and 24 runs. He also hit one home run with the Giants to match his career high of six total.

He became manager Wes Westrum's favorite bat off the bench in 1966. On April 29, his extra innings pinch hit single drove in the winning run against the Pirates. Through June, Hiller batted .328 to prompt Westrum to find a position for him on the field to get his bat in the line up. In July, he began seeing more playing time at third and in the outfield. The Mets posted a winning record in July (18–14) for their first winning month in franchise history. Hiller batted .321.

He cooled off in the last two months of the season (.217, 1 HR, 5 RBI, 7 runs), but he still batted a career-best .280 for the season. He batted .348 as a pinch hitter with three walks. His sixteen pinch hits led the NL.

After the season, Hunt and Jim Hickman were traded to the Dodgers for Tommy Davis and Derrell Griffith. Unfortunately, Hiller squandered his opportunity to become the Mets' starting second baseman in 1967 by batting .111 with two RBIs through the first month of the season. An injury sidelined him for the month of May. When he returned, he had just one hit in eighteen at bats. Meanwhile, Jerry Buchek, acquired from the Cardinals at the end of Spring training for Eddie Bressoud and Danny Napoleon, played well enough to earn the starting job (.230 avg., 8 HR, 19 RBI). During the All-Star break, Hiller was traded to the Phillies for ex-Yankee infielder Phil Linz.

Coaching
Hiller made just four starts, and was used mostly as a pinch hitter in Philadelphia. After the season, he was sent to the minors, and selected by the Pirates in the rule 5 draft. He spent most of the 1968 season with the triple A Columbus Jets, batting .275 in 87 games. He made eleven appearances with the Pirates, going 5-for-13 with a double. After the season, he retired, and became manager of the Salem Rebels in the Carolina League.

Hiller returned to the Mets in a similar capacity, working for the Mets' director of player development, Whitey Herzog, through 1972. Hiller then served under manager Herzog as an MLB coach with the Texas Rangers, Kansas City Royals and Cardinals, and later spent brief terms in the post with the Giants and the Mets. In between Hiller's major-league assignments, he served the Mets as a longtime infield instructor in their minor league system, and managed in the Cardinals' organization.

On October 20, 2004, Hiller died from leukemia at age 70 in St. Pete Beach, Florida.

title: Chuck Hiller


text:
Cardwell (federal electoral district)

Cardwell, a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. Cardwell is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as Cardwell was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence.

Cardwell consisted of the Simcoe County townships of Adjala and Mono, and the Peel County townships of Albion (including the town of Bolton) and Caledon.

The Cardwell electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed between Dufferin, Peel and Simcoe South ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Election results

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On Mr. Cameron's death, 14 November 1876:

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On Mr. White's nomination as member of the Privy Council and as Minister of the Interior, 5 August 1885:

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On Mr. White's death, 21 April 1888:

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On Mr. White's resignation, October 1895:

While the Library of Parliament reports that Stubbs won by acclamation, newspaper reports indicate there was an election between three candidates, William Stubbs (running as a McCarthyite, rather than an Independent Conservative, R. B. Willoughby for the Conservatives and R. B. Henry for the Liberals.

 * }

 * }

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title: Cardwell (federal electoral district)


text:
Bec mac Dé

Bec mac Dé was a legendary Irish prophet, known from saga literature surrounding the historical High King Diarmait mac Cerbaill and from the Irish Annals, where he is said to have died c. 553–7.

In the saga Aided Diarmata ("the death of Diarmait") he is said to have been the best seer of his day, who could speak with nine men at once and answer all their questions in a single reply, and made an accurate prediction of the circumstances of Diarmait's death. Two saints, Ronan and Ciarán, had prophesied he would be killed by a roofbeam falling on his head. Bec gave a more elaborate prophecy of a threefold death: he would be drowned, burned, and have his head crushed by a roofbeam, by Áed Dub mac Suibni, in the house of Banbán the hospitaller, on a night that he wore a shirt grown from a single flax seed, drank ale brewed from a single grain of corn, and ate pork from a sow that had never farrowed. Diarmait dismissed these prophecies, even when invited to a feast by Banbán. His wife, who had been listening, refused to go, so Banbán offered the king his own daughter for that night, and gave him a nightshirt, pork and ale. When the girl told him the nightshirt had been woven from flax grown from a single seed, the ale had been brewed from a single grain of corn, and the pork had come from a sow that had never farrowed, Diarmait realised the prophecy had been fulfilled, and tried to escape, but Áed Dubh was standing at the door with his spear. As Diarmait fled back into the house, Áed's men set it on fire. Diarmait tried to escape the conflagration by leaping into a vat of ale, but a flaming roofbeam fell on his head, killing him.

A number of early Irish poems are attributed to him, including a prophecy "detailing the moral breakdown presaging the end of the world". The Annals of Ulster record his death under the years 552 and 557, the Chronicon Scotorum under 553, the Annals of Clonmacnoise under 550, and the Annals of the Four Masters, where he is considered a Christian saint, under 557.

title: Bec mac Dé


text:
Monck (federal electoral district)

Monck was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1892. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence.

Monck consisted of the Lincoln County townships of Caistor and Gainsborough, the Haldimand County townships of Canborough, Dunn, Dunnville, Moulton and Sherbrooke, and the Welland County townships of Pelham and Wainfleet.

In 1872, it was redefined to include the Township of Dunn (Haldimand). In 1882, it was redefined to include the Township of South Cayuga and exclude the Township of Caistor.

The electoral district was abolished in 1892 when it was redistributed between Haldimand and Monck and Lincoln and Niagara ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Monck (federal electoral district)


text:
User talk:Kswiston

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Retrice vs. Rectrice
I think I may have just goofed. I "corrected" a link from rectrice to retrice, and only after noticed that both words seem to be in use. Are these two words simply spelling variations of the same word, or are they two distinct types of feathers? Thank you. SWAdair | Talk 07:26, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kswiston


text: User talk:69.11.98.206

title: User talk:69.11.98.206


text:
Blaí Briugu

Blaí Briugu (Blaí the Landholder or Hospitaller) is an Ulster warrior in the Ulster Cycle of Irish Mythology. He was wealthy and kept a hostel, and had a geis which required him to sleep with any woman who stayed there unaccompanied. When Brig Bretach, wife of Celtchar, stayed there on her own, he slept with her (as required by his geis) and for that Celtchar killed him.

title: Blaí Briugu


text:
Crown Range

The Crown Range is a mountain range that lies to the east of the Wakatipu Basin in Otago, New Zealand. It is noted for two features, the Cardrona Alpine Resort, on the slopes of the 1900 metre Mount Cardrona, and a highway, known as the Crown Range Road (formerly State Highway 89), which winds steeply between Arrow Junction, just south of Arrowtown, and Wānaka to the north.

Travelling from Arrowtown towards Wānaka, the Crown Range Road starts at the bottom of the "zig zag". This steep and winding section climbs to the Crown Terrace, a large flat and fertile area capable of growing grain crops. To the left, Glencoe Road leads to Glencoe Station, the large high country station behind Arrowtown. At the end of the Crown Terrace is the Eastburn Road to Eastburn Station, which runs from the Glencoe boundary almost to Cardrona.

Just past the Eastburn Road the road twists and climbs up to the Crown Saddle, where a bronze plaque at the vista point claims that this historic summit, at 1076 m (3530 ft) is the highest sealed road in New Zealand. Officially it is the highest sealed local road and the highest sealed pass or through road, 2m higher than the Desert Road summit on State Highway 1 in the North Island.

Eastburn Station has provided a number of viewing areas. The distant views down and over Lake Hayes, Arrowtown and the airport to Queenstown are stunning. From the Crown Saddle the road follows the Cardrona creek which becomes the Cardrona River flowing down the iconic snow tussock valley until it opens out at the small settlement of Cardrona.

The area was heavily populated during the Central Otago goldrush of the 1860s, the town of Cardrona, now little more than a dot on the map, briefly having a population of several thousand prospectors. There are visible remains of gold prospecting beside the Crown Range Road over the saddle on the west bank opposite the East Burn Stream two miles over the saddle,  also six miles below the saddle on the east bank.

In 2001, the last section of the Crown Range Road was sealed by the Queenstown Lakes District Council.

title: Crown Range


text:
Cairbre Nia Fer

Cairbre Nia Fer (also Corpri, Coirpre, Cairpre; Nioth Fer, Niafer, Niaper), son of Rus Ruad, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a King of Tara from the Laigin.

The earliest reference to Cairbre is in Tírechán's Memoir of St. Patrick, a 7th-century Latin text found in the Book of Armagh. Patrick finds an enormous grave and raises its giant occupant from the dead. The giant says he was killed by the sons of Mac Con during the reign of Cairbre Nia Fer, a hundred years previously – i.e. in the 4th century. Another early reference is in the annotations to the 7th-century Amra Choluim Chille (eulogy of Colm Cille) by Dallán Forgaill. Here, the saint's mother Eithne is said to be a descendant of Cairbre, and Cairbre a descendant of Cathair Mór.

The 11th century Lebor Gabála Érenn places him during the reign of the High King Eterscél, which it synchronises his reign with that of the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BC - AD 14) and the birth of Christ, and makes him a contemporary of the provincial kings Conchobar mac Nessa of the Ulaid, Cú Roí of Munster and Ailill mac Máta of Connacht. Mac Con of the Dáirine, placed a generation before Cairbre by Tírechán, is dated many generations after him, to the late 2nd century, in the Lebor Gabála, while Cathair Mór, his ancestor in the Amra Choluim Chille, is placed many generations later.

Alongside Conchobar, Cú Roí and Ailill, Cairbre appears as king of Tara in stories of the Ulster Cycle, where he is the brother of Ailill mac Máta, husband of Medb of Connacht. His wife is Fedelm Noíchrothach, daughter of Conchobar, and they have a son, Erc, and a daughter, Achall. In Cath Ruis na Ríg ("The Battle of Rosnaree"), he and his brother Find mac Rossa, king of the Gailióin of Leinster, fight a battle against Conchobar and the Ulaid. The Ulaid hero Cúchulainn kills him with a spear from distance, then decapitates him before his body hits the ground. After the Ulaid win the battle, Cairbre's son Erc swears allegiance to Conchobar, marries Cúchulainn's daughter Finnscoth, and becomes king of Tara in his father's place.

Erc is later part of the conspiracy to kill Cúchulainn. After avenging Cúchulainn, Conall Cernach brings Erc's head back to Tara, where Achall dies of grief for her brother.

title: Cairbre Nia Fer


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Lennox County, Ontario

Lennox County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario which now forms part of Lennox and Addington County. It was named after Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond.

Its territory is the same as what now composes the town of Greater Napanee.

Historical evolution
The county of Lennox, situated within the Mecklenburg District, was originally created as an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1792 and its original limits were described as being:

"bounded on the east by the westernmost line of the county of Addington, on the south and west by the Bay of Quinte, to the easternmost boundary of the Mohawk village, thence by a line running along the westernmost boundary of the late township of Richmond, running north sixteen degrees west to the depth of twelve miles, thence running north seventy-four degrees east until it meets the northwesternmost boundary of the county of Addington, and comprehending all the islands in the bays and nearest to the shores thereof."

Mecklenburg was renamed as the "Midland District" in 1792.

Lennox County was combined with Addington County and Amherst Island in 1800 to become the incorporated counties of Lennox and Addington. The counties would regain their separate identities in 1845, but would continue to be united for electoral purposes.

At the beginning of 1850, Midland District was abolished, and the United Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington replaced it for municipal and judicial purposes. In 1860, Lennox and Addington were formally amalgamated as the County of Lennox and Addington.

Historical townships

 * Adolphustown Township - The township is now part of Greater Napanee.
 * Fredericksburgh Township – The township was settled in 1784, and officially separated into North Fredericksburgh and South Fredericksburgh in 1857.
 * North Fredericksburgh Township - The township is now part of Greater Napanee.
 * Richmond Township - The township is now part of Greater Napanee.
 * South Fredericksburgh Township - The township is now part of Greater Napanee.

title: Lennox County, Ontario


text: User talk:66.87.94.29

title: User talk:66.87.94.29