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Leksands IF

Leksands Idrottsförening is a Swedish professional ice hockey team from the town of Leksand in the region of Dalarna. The team plays in the top-tier league, Swedish Hockey League (SHL), after succeeding through the 2019 SHL qualifiers and thus earning promotion to the SHL. The club's home arena is Tegera Arena, which seats 7,650 spectators.

History
The club was formed on 13 August 1919, originally playing bandy and ski competitions. In 1920 they also took up football.

The first hockey game was played in 1938, when they beat Mora IK 11–0, and this sport is now the only sport the club competes in. Despite the fact that the town of Leksand only has 6,000 inhabitants, Leksands IF is one of the most popular teams in Sweden, and the team averages over 4,000 spectators per game in their home arena despite playing in the second tier. Leksand played in the top hockey division in Sweden from 1951 until 2001. The club was very successful between 1969 and 1975, when they became Swedish champions four times (1969, 1973–1975). Before the current top division, Elitserien (now known as the SHL), was formed prior to the 1975–76 season, they had been the runners-up four times: 1959, 1964, 1971 and 1972. Leksand has never become SHL champions despite winning the SHL's regular season in 1980, 1994 and 1997, and being the runners-up in 1989. In 2001, they were the club with the second most consecutive seasons in the highest division at that point (the record is held by Södertälje SK, with 53 consecutive seasons between 1925 and 1978).

Following the relegation to HockeyAllsvenskan in April 2001, Leksand commuted between the top and second divisions until 2005–06, when the team was relegated to the second tier again, where they would find themselves until the 2012–13 season. For the 2007–08 season, Leksand signed former NHL goaltender Ed Belfour in an attempt to regain top league status. After winning the second league with relative ease, the team failed in the final qualification stage, Kvalserien, to gain promotion. Ed Belfour retired after the 2007–08 season.

Leksand once again won Allsvenskan in the 2008–09 season, but once again failed to qualify for the Elitserien in the 2009 Kvalserien. The managers Thomas Kempe and Thomas Jonsson were sacked following three straight defeats in the beginning of the Kvalserien. The team finished the 2009 Kvalserien with five wins in the last six games, but still failed to qualify. For the 2009–10 season, Leksand employed Leif Strömberg, who had previously successfully guided Södertälje SK through Kvalserien. The team once again won Allsvenskan and qualified for the 2010 Kvalserien, finishing three points ahead of AIK. In the ninth round of the 2010 Kvalserien, Leksand had a good chance to put them in the driver's seat for promotion to Elitserien, but Leksand failed to beat the Kvalserien's worst ranked team Växjö Lakers and, despite a win in the tenth and final round, Leksand missed Elitserien as both AIK and Rögle BK won their respective games in the final round.

After failing promotion, Leif Strömberg was replaced by ex-Leksand forward Niklas Eriksson, under whom the following season Leksand attempted to reach the Kvalserien for the seventh consecutive season. The team finished fourth in Allsvenskan and missed automatic qualification for the Kvalserien and had to play in a pre-qualification series to reach the Kvalserien, but Leksand finished third and missed the Kvalserien. Before the 2011/12 season, assistant head coach Christer Olsson took over the reins, but was sacked following a defeat at Sundsvall Hockey in late November and replaced by Andreas Appelgren.

After winning the regular season in the 2012–13 season, Leksand once again qualified for play in Kvalserien. In the 2013 Kvalserien, Leksand finally promoted back to the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-tier league, for the first time since the 2005–06 season.

Season-by-season record
''This is a partial list, featuring the five most recent completed seasons. For a more complete list, see List of Leksands IF seasons.''

Current roster
Source: leksandsif.se and eliteprospects.com As of 21 March, 2023

Retired numbers

 * 2 Åke Lassas
 * 18 Jonas Bergqvist

Honored numbers

 * 1 Christer Abrahamsson
 * 2 Tomas Jonsson
 * 3 Vilgot Larsson
 * 6 Thommy Abrahamsson
 * 8 Magnus Svensson
 * 12 Mats Åhlberg
 * 15 Dan Söderström
 * 16 Niklas Eriksson
 * 22 Nisse Nilsson

Honored coaches

 * Rune Mases

Hockey Hall of Famers

 * Ed Belfour – Class of 2011

title: Leksands IF


text: Category:Swiss explorers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Swiss explorers


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Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)

Digimon Adventure (デジモンアドベンチャー), also known as Digimon: Digital Monsters Season 1 in English-speaking territories, is a 1999 Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation in cooperation with WiZ, Bandai and Fuji Television. It is the first anime series in the Digimon media franchise, based on the Digital Monster virtual pet released in 1997.

Digimon Adventure began production 1.5 months after the film of the same name was being produced, and it began broadcast in Japan a day after the film's theatrical release on March 7, 1999, airing until its conclusion on March 26, 2000. It was then followed up with the 2000 film Digimon Adventure: Our War Game!. Both films were adapted and released in North America as Digimon: The Movie on October 6, 2000.

With the success of Digimon Adventure, a sequel television series, Digimon Adventure 02, was broadcast from 2000 to 2001. For the series' 15th anniversary, a six-part film series titled Digimon Adventure tri. was released between 2015 and 2018, and. A final film titled Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna was released in 2020. In 2020, the series was reboot and released under the title Digimon Adventure.

Plot
On August 1, 1999, seven children are transported into the Digital World by Digivices that appeared before them at summer camp, where they befriend several Digimon (Digital Monsters). The kids' Digivices allow their partner Digimon to Digivolve into stronger forms and combat enemies. As the kids explore to find a way home, they learn that they are "DigiDestined", children chosen to save the Digital World. During their adventure, the DigiDestined are hunted by Devimon, who uses black gears to corrupt various Digimon into attacking the group. After defeating Devimon, the DigiDestined are contacted by Gennai and instructed to reach the Server Continent to retrieve artifacts called Crests, allowing their Digimon partners to Digivolve into their Ultimate forms. During this time, they are targeted by Etemon.

After Etemon is defeated, the DigiDestined learn from Gennai that there is an eighth DigiDestined child, who Myotismon is entering the real world to kill. The DigiDestined follow after Myotismon to the real world. After discovering that the eighth child is Tai's younger sister, Kari, and that Myotismon’s lieutenant Gatomon is her Digimon partner, the DigiDestined are able to defeat Myotismon. However, the boundaries between the real world and Digital World are intersecting, forcing them to return to the Digital World.

The DigiDestined face the Dark Masters, a quartet of mega-level Digimon who each took control of a part of the Digital World in their absence. In the midst of their battles, they learn that they were chosen to save the real and Digital Worlds from intersecting four years ago. Tension leads to infighting within the group and causes them to temporarily separate. After reflecting, the DigiDestined reunite to defeat the last Dark Master, and confront Apocalymon who attempts to destroy both worlds. Apocalymon destroys their Crests, but the DigiDestined realize the power of their Crests was inside them all along and manage to defeat him. With the Digital World restored, Tai and his friends leave their Digimon partners behind and return to their normal lives.

Development
In 1999, a short film based on the virtual pets called Digimon Adventure was released. However, shortly after the film's storyboard was completed in 1998, producers at Toei Animation were requested to turn it into a television series.

The DigiDestined's character designs were created by Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru. The character names are based on kanji related to luck.

Anime
Digimon Adventure was produced by Toei Animation and ran for 54 episodes on Fuji TV between March 7, 1999, and March 26, 2000. The main opening theme for all episodes aired in Japan is "Butter-Fly" by Kōji Wada, which peaked at #47 on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart. "I Wish" by AiM is used as the ending theme from episodes 1–26, while "Keep On", AiM's fifth single, served as the ending theme from episodes 27–54. The series also uses three insert songs: "Brave Heart" by Ayumi Miyazaki as the Digivolution theme, "Seven" by Kōji Wada, and "Yūki o Tsubasa ni Shite" (勇気を翼にして) by Toshiko Fujita, Tai's voice actress. On August 1, 2014, during the series' 15th anniversary, a Blu-ray Disc box of the original series was announced and set for release in Japan on March 15, 2015.

Saban Entertainment licensed the series in North America and produced an English-language version under the title Digimon: Digital Monsters, premiered on Fox Kids Network on August 14, 1999. The series was also broadcast in Canada on YTV. The English version featured an original soundtrack and made changes to character names, as well as edits pertaining to certain aspects such as violence to make the series more suitable for younger audiences. Wendee Lee, Michael Sorich and David Walsh became the voice directors. The original soundtrack of the show was replaced by music composed by Udi Harpaz and Shuki Levy, which recycled several music soundtracks from Starcom: The U.S. Space Force, Princess Sissi, Masked Rider and Spider-Man: The Animated Series. The opening theme for all episodes is "Digimon Theme" by Paul Gordon. "Hey Digimon" by Gordon, an insert song featured in the show, and was released on the original soundtrack of Digimon: The Movie along with "Digimon Theme".

The English dub series was released on DVD by Twentieth Century Fox (Saban's parent company) in 2000 and by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in 2002. A complete DVD boxset of the English dub was released by New Video Group on October 9, 2012 in the U.S and was released by Madman Entertainment on June 18, 2014 in Australia. On March 14, 2022, Discotek Media announced a Blu-ray collection. The English dub version, Digimon: Digital Monsters Season 1, was released on December 27, 2022, while the original Japanese version, Digimon Adventure, was released on July 25, 2023.

Films
Several short films based on the series were released in theaters in Japan. Digimon Adventure was originally released on March 6, 1999. The story focuses on Tai and Kari finding a Digi-egg from their computer, which hatches and quickly Digivolves, culminating in a battle. The film grossed ¥650 million.

Digimon Adventure: Our War Game! was originally released on March 4, 2000. In the film, the DigiDestined find a virus Digimon who Digivolves into who infects the Internet. The film introduces DNA Digivolution. The film grossed ¥2.166 billion. Our War Game! later served as the inspiration for director Mamoru Hosoda's film Summer Wars.

The two short films were combined with Digimon Adventure 02: Part 1: Digimon Hurricane Landing!! / Part 2: Supreme Evolution!! The Golden Digimentals and was released as Digimon: The Movie in North America on October 6, 2000. Digimon: The Movie was altered from the original script to remove "culturally awkward" Japanese elements and introduced jokes suitable for a North American audience. Originally, scriptwriter Jeff Nimoy wanted to combine Digimon Adventure and Our War Game! while releasing ''Digimon Hurricane Landing / Supreme Evolution!! The Golden Digimentals'' as a direct-to-television movie, but the idea was overruled. In order to connect the film's stories, the script was rewritten.

Digimon Adventure 3D: Digimon Grand Prix! (デジモンアドベンチャー3D デジモングランプリ!), a stereoscopic 3D short film, was shown at Toei Animation Festival on October 3, 2009 and was later included on a set of DVD works released on February 21, 2010.

Video games
Characters and Digimon from Adventure appear throughout many video games based on the franchise, such as Digimon Rumble Arena.

An RPG based on the original storyline of Adventure developed by Prope and published by Namco Bandai Games, also title Digimon Adventure, was released for the PlayStation Portable on January 17, 2013, part of the line-up of video games of the 15th-anniversary celebration of the franchise. The game covers the entire series as well as the second Japanese film, Bokura no War Game, and sees the return of all the main voice actors. The game also features original story elements and an unlockable dungeon mode featuring sequel protagonists in the franchise.

Other media
Other media adaptions include a manhua released in 2000 and its sequel. A North American 12 issue adaption of the first arc of the show was published by Dark Horse Comics. A novelization was written by the Digimon Adventure screenwriter, Hiro Masaki and series director Hiroyuki Kakudō. The light novels were separated into three parts. Four Drama CDs were also released between 1999 and 2003.

Reception
On its initial release, the series found a rather large success in the United States. When it was first released in North America, the series was seen as an attempt to imitate the success of Nintendo's Pokémon franchise. Entertainment Weekly magazine named Digimon as the "Worst Pokémon/Net Crossbreeding Attempt" in 2000. However, audiences eventually noticed that compared to Pokémon, the characters interacted and developed realistically, as well as the integration of more complicated science fiction stories and societal themes. The English dub gradually improved as well, making fewer and fewer alterations to the Japanese original by later episodes. As a result, many young viewers quickly outgrew Pokémon and migrated to Digimon instead.

Despite the criticism, it placed first at the start of the May 2000 Nielsen ratings sweeps, surpassing Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands among viewers aged 2–11 and 6–11. Retailers and businesses such as snack food company Jel Sert and toy store chain Toys "R" Us capitalized on the popularity of the series by licensing it for promotion with their own products. Web search engine Lycos listed Digimon as the number five fad of 2000, and it ranked 35th on the list of the year's top searches.

On Anime News Network, Luke Carroll gave the Digimon: Digital Monsters - Collection 2 DVD an overall grade of D+.

title: Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)


text:
User:Ginnsu

A Little About Me
Just a geek from a small isolated town who likes (almost) anything involving an open source model. Although I pride myself on being a skeptic and very much a reality based person, I'm probably much more of an idealist then I think I am.

Facts about Kitimat
The following is a list of facts and resources that I hope will become an article about Kitimat

 * Nestled in the Kitimat Valley where the Kitimat River meets the Douglas Channel.
 * Southernmost Community on British Columbia provincial highway 37.
 * Third largest port in the province of British Columbia. Source
 * Most recent census indicates a population of 10,432 (2003) Source

Potential Information Sources

 * Kitimat Chamber of Commerce
 * District of Kitimat

--Ginnsu 08:04, 2004 Oct 27 (UTC)

Latest Transcribed Thought
Neat! The Contents section is auto generated. --Ginnsu 23:10, 2004 Nov 12 (UTC)

title: User:Ginnsu


text:
Category:Parrots

Articles in the category "Parrots" include articles on any Psittaciformes taxon, or on parrots, parakeets and cockatoos in general.

title: Category:Parrots


text:
Vincent Péricard

Vincent de Paul Péricard (born 3 October 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward in France with Saint-Étienne and in Italy with Juventus before moving to England, where he played for several clubs. Born in Cameroon, he played for the France U21 team.

Early life
Péricard was born in Efok, Cameroon, but moved to France aged 4. He holds citizenship of both countries.

Saint-Étienne and Juventus
Péricard started his career at Saint-Étienne in France at the age of six. In 1999, he advanced to the first team and played two league matches.

He soon came to the attention of Italian Serie A club Juventus, who signed him in 2000. Promised by the media to a bright future, Julien Courbet made a documentary on Péricard entitled "the man who will be worth billions". Péricard made only one appearance for the club in two seasons, as a 61st-minute substitute for Tomás Guzmán in a UEFA Champions League match against Arsenal on 20 March 2002.

Portsmouth
Despite only making one appearance for Juventus, he attracted the attention of Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp.

Péricard initially moved to Portsmouth on loan for the 2002–03 season. Péricard began his Portsmouth career in superb fashion, scoring on his debut in a 2–0 win over Nottingham Forest, although he struggled with injury in the latter half of the season. Despite this, he impressed enough to earn a permanent switch in July 2003, having scored nine times in 32 games as they won the First Division title.

Péricard was a regular in the squad at the start of the 2003–04 season, but broke down with a torn thigh muscle in late September. He returned to the first team in December, but then badly damaged a cruciate ligament in a reserve comeback game. The injury ended his season. He had an operation on the injury in France in the summer of 2004, and spent the whole of the 2004–05 season in rehabilitation following the surgery. In August 2005, following his recovery, he attended a Cameroon national team training camp for a friendly match against French amateur team Villemomble.

In 2005–06 Péricard returned to the first-team squad at Fratton Park. In order to gain match fitness he spent a three-month loan spell with Sheffield United, scoring twice against Millwall and Luton, before joining Plymouth Argyle in a loan deal in February 2006 for the remainder of the season. He scored his first English League hat-trick for Plymouth Argyle in a 3–1 win over Coventry City on 18 February 2006. He was recalled to Portsmouth in May 2006.

Stoke City
Péricard was released by Portsmouth at the end of the 2005–06 season, signing a three-year contract with Stoke City on a free transfer on 19 June 2006. Péricard was Tony Pulis' first signing as manager of Stoke City, in Pulis' second spell at the club. At first, Péricard impressed at Stoke, scoring against eventual promotion winners Derby County on his home début. He also scored in the League Cup against Darlington, and again in the league against Sunderland. However, his performances later in the season were relatively poor and his place was taken by another former Portsmouth player, Ricardo Fuller.

On 24 August 2007, Péricard was sentenced to four months in prison after being found guilty of perverting the course of justice. This came after he lied about being the driver of a car caught speeding at 103 mph near Plymouth. He was released from prison on 20 September 2007 but, following problems with his electronic tag, he was rearrested on 12 October 2007, although he was subsequently re-released later that month. On 14 March 2008, Southampton confirmed the loan signing of Péricard until the end of the season. Upon his return to Stoke, he scored against Reading in a League Cup tie in September 2008.

Péricard made his first Premier League appearance in 0–0 draw with Fulham on 13 December 2008, coming on as a substitute for Danny Pugh. His first start in the Premier League came against Blackburn Rovers. Péricard, after seeing his first team opportunities disappear at Stoke following their promotion to the Premier League, signed a 93-day loan on 20 February 2009 with Millwall. Following the 2008–09 season, Péricard was released from his contract at Stoke.

Carlisle United
Following his release, he had short trials with Championship sides Bristol City, Cardiff City and Blackpool. On 13 October 2009 Péricard signed for Carlisle United on a contract until January 2010, making his debut on 17 October against Yeovil Town. Pericard scored his first goal for the Cumbrians on his home debut against Southend United. On 24 November 2009, Péricard scored twice in a 4–3 thrilling goal against MK Dons.

The next game on 28 November 2009 against Norwich City, Péricard scored the first goal in the match in a 3–1 win. On 12 December 2009, Péricard scored the only goal in the game in a 1–0 win over Wycombe Wanderers and before the match, Péricard required an injection in his Achilles tendon before scoring the winner. His goalscoring performance and helping the club turn from relegation candidates to play-off contenders led manager Greg Abbott keen to extend Péricard's stay until the end of the season, with a number of clubs interested in giving him a chance to play at a higher level once again. In Response, Péricard is happy to sign a contract extension at Carlisle which end on 12 January. However, Péricard rejected a new contract at Carlisle and left the club.

Swindon Town
On 14 January 2010, Swindon Town signed Péricard on a free transfer until June 2011 after the forward had rejected a new deal from Carlisle United where Péricard has decided opted to try his luck elsewhere. He made his debut two days later in a 3–1 win over Gillingham, coming on in the 68th minute for Charlie Austin. He made a forceful run into the penalty area and was bundled to the floor gaining a penalty, which Billy Paynter scored.

Péricard scored his first goal for Swindon in the Football League Trophy match against Southampton on 31 August 2010, hitting a 30th minute volley into the back of the net, followed by his second goal in injury time to make it 3–0 and also received a booking. On 18 September 2010, Péricard scored the first goal for Swindon which turned out to be a winning goal in a 2–1 win over Walsall. Scoring three goals in the last four games, Péricard believes he is finally winning over the boo-boys feels his performances have started to silence his critics. he told the Swindon Advertiser "I thought the fans were quite harsh to me but Saturday was the first time they have really appreciated what I have done and hopefully now they are going to be behind me and give me even more belief and confidence to play better, I think everyone can see I'm growing in confidence and hopefully some people are starting to see that they were wrong about me." On 11 October 2010, Péricard scored the first goal for Swindon which again turned out to be a winning goal in a 2–1 win over Bristol Rovers. On 6 November 2010, Péricard scored his last professional career goal in a 4–0 win over Plymouth Argyle in the First Round of the FA Cup. On 15 January 2011, Péricard made his last professional appearance for Swindon in a 1–0 loss against Yeovil Town before been sidelined with a knee injury for the past four weeks and upon his recovering, Péricard play his part in Swindon's survival scrap as he nears his return to fitness. However, Péricard hadn't featured for the rest of the season.

Following Swindon Town's relegation to League Two, Péricard (along with Jakub Jesionkowski) were both released by the club on a free transfer as their contracts expired on 30 June 2011.

Non-League
After his release from Swindon, Péricard trained with AFC Bournemouth in a bid to revive his career but could not earn a contract. He then signed for Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville, but retired from football in February 2012. In January 2015 he came out of retirement to play for Wessex League club Moneyfields, making his debut on 27 January in a 1–0 win over Folland Sports, which put Moneyfields top of the league.

Personal life
Péricard set up his own company, Elite Welfare Management, which aims to help "foreign players adapt to their new climate and prevent them from suffering stress, loneliness and depression". He is also involved with Kick It Out, and is a student at Portsmouth University on a business studies course.

International career
Péricard represented the French U21 side at international level.

Honours
Portsmouth
 * Division One champions: 2002–03

Stoke City
 * Championship runners-up: 2007–08

title: Vincent Péricard


text: User talk:66.156.37.30

title: User talk:66.156.37.30


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Crossens

Crossens is the northernmost district of the town of Southport, Merseyside, England.

Historically part of the ancient parish of North Meols and entirely in Lancashire, most of Crossens was transferred to Merseyside on 1 April 1974, when local government boundaries were reorganised nationally. Part of northern Crossens, known as Fiddlers Ferry, is in West Lancashire. Formerly, the village was a detached settlement lying on the western edge of Martin Mere, but after the drainage of the Mere and the expansion of Southport, it had become absorbed into the town's conurbation.

History
Formerly Crossenes or Crosnes, meaning a “ness” or headland with a cross. The cross was possibly a guide for shipping or people crossing the Ribble Estuary from Freckleton (near Lytham). A hospice or lodging house was sited in Crossens where travellers could rest after making the crossing. It is also believed to be the point at which 2,000 horsemen from a retreating Royalist force crossed the Ribble estuary following the Battle of Marston Moor. They later joined the Siege of Lathom House.

Sited as it was on the shore of Martin Mere and at the seaward end of Crossens Sluice, Crossens formed the basis of a substantial fishing industry supporting the surrounding area and the nearby village of Banks. After Martin Mere was largely reclaimed for farmland, the focus of the town increasingly turned to agriculture, and to this day the high-quality soil supports several flower and vegetable farms in the east of the district. Farming of some scale or other has been a feature of this area since medieval times. However, the Industrial Revolution led to Crossens' incorporation into Southport as a site for housing for the larger town's burgeoning worker population. The first half of the 20th century saw the area becoming home to some light industry (including the Vulcan motor works), but apart from some small industrial units the area is now primarily a commuter suburb for Southport, Preston and Ormskirk.

Criffel granite boulder
The Criffel Stone is a large boulder that lies at the side of Banks Road, Crossens. It is made of Criffel granite; a type of rock that is only normally found in Dumfries, Scotland. It was found in the ground when the pumping station on Banks Road was being built in 1959.

Geologists found that the rock was deposited in the area during the last ice age (18,000 years ago) by ice. Rocks like this that have been transported in this way are called erratics.

Transport
Crossens lay on the route of the West Lancashire Railway from Southport to Preston; Crossens railway station, opened in 1878, was the last station within the Southport boundary. In April 1904 it became the final electrified station on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway's suburban lines radiating from Liverpool. The electric trains shared the line from Southport with steam trains continuing to Preston. The line and station closed on 7 September 1964.

Being the northernmost part of Southport, Crossens is the terminus of several bus routes - Arriva North West services 44, 47 and 49 terminate at the Plough Hotel roundabout, still known as such even though the Plough Hotel was demolished c.2015. Other bus services passing through Crossens include Stagecoach Merseyside and South Lancashire services 2, X2 and 347. In addition, there is also the Cumfybus service 40, which terminates on Harrogate Way.

title: Crossens


text: User talk:80.129.42.73

title: User talk:80.129.42.73


text:
USS Denver (CL-16)

USS Denver (C-14/PG-28/CL-16) was the lead ship of her class of protected cruisers in the United States Navy. She was the first Navy ship named for the city of Denver, the capital of Colorado.

Denver was launched on 21 June 1902 by Neafie and Levy Ship and Engine Building Company in Philadelphia, sponsored by Miss R. W. Wright, daughter of Robert R. Wright, the mayor of Denver; and commissioned on 17 May 1904, with Commander Joseph Ballard Murdock in command. She was reclassified PG-28 in 1920 and CL-16 on 8 August 1921.

Caribbean patrol
Between 15 July and 26 July 1904, Denver visited Galveston, Texas, where she was presented a gift of silver service from the people of Denver. She cruised in the Caribbean, investigating disturbances in Haiti, then returned to Philadelphia on 1 October. During the next two and a half years, she cruised the Atlantic Coast and in the Caribbean, joining in target practice and other exercises, and protecting American interests from political disturbance in the West Indies. On 13 September 1906, a landing force consisting of six officers and 124 bluejackets and marines, under the command of Lt. Comdr. M. L. Miller was landed from Denver at Havana, Cuba. This landing force returned on board on 14 September 1906. Crewmembers serving on Denver between 12 September and 2 October 1906 qualified for award of the Cuban Pacification Medal.

1906 ceremonies
Non-campaign highlights of this period of her service included her participation at Annapolis between 19 April and 27 April 1906 in the interment ceremonies for John Paul Jones at the United States Naval Academy; a midshipman training cruise to Madeira and the Azores in the summer of 1906; and the Fleet Review off Oyster Bay, Long Island, by President Theodore Roosevelt in September 1906.

Asiatic fleet
The cruiser sailed from Tompkinsville, New York, on 18 May 1907 for duty with the Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines, sailing through the Mediterranean and Suez Canal to Cavite, where she arrived on 1 August. Denver visited ports in China, Manchuria, and Japan, and joined in the regular exercise schedule of the fleet until 1 January 1910, when she cleared Cavite for Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Arriving there on 15 February, she was placed out of commission on 12 March; she was then placed in reserve commission on 4 January 1912, and placed in full commission on 15 July 1912 for service in the Pacific.

Pacific fleet
On 19 July 1912, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Beekman Winthrop announced that on 30 July, Denver would depart Mare Island bound for the west coast of Mexico and its principal ports including Mazatlan and Acapulco before returning to Mare Island in what he termed "a friendly call." However, because of worsening political turmoil in Nicaragua that threatened American lives and property there, Denver was instead ordered to proceed from Santa Cruz, California to Mare Island to replenish stores for a trip to San Diego, where she was due 10 August, and after that, on to Central America. At San Diego, Denver's departure was delayed until 13 August due to engine repairs.

Nicaragua 1912
Denver's arrival at Nicaragua was further delayed when she stopped on 17 August, to render assistance and attempted to tow off and later, refloat a merchant ship, S.S. Pleiades that had run aground off the coast of Mexico that day. Denver and her crew remained until 21 August; however, their efforts to dislodge the ship were unsuccessful. With the crew and passengers of Pleiades out of danger, Denver continued south to Nicaragua.

For the next five years, Denver cruised the West Coast from San Francisco to the Panama Canal Zone, patrolling the coasts of Nicaragua and Mexico to investigate and prevent threats to the lives and property of Americans during political disturbances, carrying stores and mail, evacuating refugees, and continuing the schedule of exercises which kept her ready for action. Crew members serving on Denver between 29 July and 14 November 1912 qualified for award of the First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal.

During the First Nicaraguan Campaign, Denver embarked multiple landing parties, the largest, a 120-man landing force under the command of Lieutenant Allen B. Reed landed at Corinto, Nicaragua, for duty ashore between 27 August and 26 October 1912 to secure the railway line running from Corinto to Managua and then south to Granada on the north shore of Lake Nicaragua. One officer and 24 men were landed from Denver at San Juan del Sur on the southern end of the Nicaraguan isthmus from 30 August to 6 September 1912, and from 11 to 27 September 1912 to protect the cable station, custom house and American interests. Denver remained at San Juan del Sur to relay wireless messages from the other navy ships to and from Washington until departing on 30 September, for patrol duty.

Denver departed Corinto on 26 October 1912 to return to Mare Island with stops at Mexican ports on her way back to California. She was at Manzanillo, Mexico on 1 November and San Diego on 9 December where she remained through 20 December, conducting gunnery practice before returning to Mare Island. In early 1913, Denver made an uneventful $3 1/2$-month cruise in Mexican waters, during which time she made stops at Acapulco, Acajutla, San Salvador and Corinto, before arriving at San Diego on 3 May 1913.

From 1913 to early 1917, Denver continued to regularly operate off the Mexican Coast during the ongoing insurrection in Mexico. Crew members serving on Denver on any of the following dates: 7–8 July 1914; 13–24 August 1914; 4 April–29 June 1916; 15 July–14 September 1916 or 16 December 1916 – 7 February 1917 qualified for award of the Mexican Service Medal.

World War I
Between 6 December 1916 and 30 March 1917 Denver surveyed the Gulf of Fonseca on the coast of Nicaragua, and on 10 April arrived at Key West, Florida, for patrol duty off the Bahamas and between Key West and Cuba.

Denver reported at New York on 22 July 1917 for duty escorting merchant convoys out of New York and Norfolk, Virginia, to a mid-ocean meeting point where destroyers took over the task of convoying men and troops to ports in England and France. Before the close of World War I, Denver made eight such voyages. Crewmembers serving on Denver between 22 August 1917 and 3 November 1918 qualified for the World War I Victory Medal with Escort clasp.

Post-war
Following the Armistice, Denver was detached on 5 December 1918 to patrol the east coast of South America, returning to New York on 4 June 1919. Between 7 July 1919 and 27 September 1921, she voyaged from New York to San Francisco, serving in the Panama Canal Zone and on the coasts of Central America both outward and homeward bound.

In the summer of 1922, Denver carried Charles D. B. King, the President of Liberia, home to Monrovia from a visit in the United States, returning to Boston by way of the Canal Zone. On 9 October she returned to the Canal Zone for eight years of service based at Cristóbal. She patrolled both coasts of Central America, protecting American interests, transporting various official parties, and paying courtesy calls, returning periodically to Boston for overhaul. Between 20 November and 18 December 1922, she carried relief supplies to earthquake and tsunami victims in Chile.

Honduras 1924-1925
On 28 February 1924, a landing force, consisting of the marine detachment and special details under the command of First Lieutenant T.H. Cartwright, U.S.M.C., was landed from Denver at La Ceiba, Honduras, to protect the American Consulate. A battle between the political factions of Honduras was in progress at the time. 29 February 1924, a landing force of 35 men, under the command of Lt. (jg) Rony Snyder, U.S. Navy, was landed from Denver, at La Ceiba, Honduras. The entire landing force was under the command of Major E.W. Sturdevant, U.S.M.C. The landing force from Denver was returned on board ship on 3 March 1924, at Tela, Honduras, by the USS Billingsley (DD-293). On 4 March 1924, a landing force, consisting of eight officers and 159 men, under the command of Major E.W. Sturdevant, U.S.M.C., was landed from Denver, at Puerto Cortez, Honduras, where a neutral zone was established. This landing force was returned aboard ship on 6 March 1924. On 7 March 1924, a landing force of five officers and 65 men, under the command of Major Sturdevant, U.S.M.C., was landed from Denver, at Puerto Cortez, Honduras. The landing force returned on board Denver on 9 March 1924. On 9 March 1924, a landing force consisting of three officers and 21 men under command of Major Sturdevant, U.S.M.C., was landed from Denver, at La Ceiba, Honduras. This detachment returned aboard ship on 13 March 1924. Crewmen serving between 28 February and 13 March 1924 qualified for award of the Navy Expeditionary Medal. Some 165 US peacekeeping troops commanded by Lt. Theodore Cartwright from Denver were deployed to maintain order in La Ceiba on 19–21 April 1925. Between November 1925 and June 1926, Denver served the Special Commission on Boundaries, Tacna-Arica Arbitration group, carrying dignitaries from Chile to the United States or the Canal Zone on two voyages.

Nicaragua 1926
On 10 October 1926, a landing force, consisting of six officers and 103 men, under the command of Commander S.M. La Bounty, was landed from Denver at Corinto, to establish a neutral zone in order to protect the American and foreign lives and property. This force returned aboard ship on 27 October 1926. On 30 November 1926, a landing force, consisting of eight officers, fifty bluejackets and 58 marines, under the command of Commander La Bounty, was landed from Denver at Bluefields. On 27 December 1926, an additional force of 17 marines was landed at Bluefields. The landing force ashore at Bluefields returned aboard ship on 15 and 16 June 1927. On 23 December 1926, a landing force consisting of two officers and 95 men under the command of Lt. (J.G.) L. McKee, was landed from Denver at Puerto Cabezas, to reenforce the landing force of the USS Cleveland (C-19). This force returned aboard ship on the same day. Crewmembers serving on her between various dates from September 1926 through October 1930 qualified for award of the Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal.

Denver's last ceremonial function was her participation in the ceremonies held at Havana from 14 to 19 February 1929 to commemorate the sinking of the USS Maine (ACR-1). She returned to Philadelphia on 25 December 1930, and there was decommissioned on 14 February 1931 and sold on 13 September 1933.

title: USS Denver (CL-16)


text: Category:Swiss balloonists

title: Category:Swiss balloonists


text: Category:Balloonists by nationality

title: Category:Balloonists by nationality


text:
Category:Balloonists

Engineers and pilots of balloon (aircraft)

title: Category:Balloonists


text: Category:Swiss aviators

title: Category:Swiss aviators


text:
Courtney Whitney

Major General Courtney Whitney (May 20, 1897 – March 21, 1969) was a lawyer and United States Army commander during World War II who later served as a senior official during the American occupation of Japan (1945–1951). He played a major role in the liberalization of Japanese government, society, and economy during the occupation.

Early life
Born in Washington, D.C., Whitney enlisted in the United States Army in 1917 and became a pursuit pilot. He received his law degree from George Washington University in 1927 and left the army to open a private practice in Manila.

World War II
In 1940, Whitney returned to active duty. He worked in intelligence in Washington, DC, and was assigned to serve as the intelligence officer to the 14th Air Force in China when General Douglas MacArthur requested for him to be assigned to the Southwest Pacific Theater. Whitney returned to Leyte Gulf alongside MacArthur in 1944.

In his biography of MacArthur, William Manchester states that Lieutenant Colonel Whitney, an "ultraconservative Manila corporation lawyer," was assigned to MacArthur's staff, promoted, and assigned responsibility for Philippine civil affairs. Manchester states:

"from the standpoint of the guerrillas he was a disastrous choice. Undiplomatic and belligerent, he was condescending toward all Filipinos, except those who, like himself, had substantial investments in the Philippines... and by the time MacArthur was ready to land on Leyte, Whitney had converted most of the staff to reactionaryism. At his urging the General (MacArthur) barred OSS agents from the Southwest Pacific, because Whitney suspected they would aid leftwing guerrillas."

Occupation of Japan
After Japan surrendered, Whitney accompanied MacArthur to Atsugi Air Base and became Chief of the Government Section at GHQ. With Lt. Col. Milo Rowell, he drafted the Constitution of Japan and sent it to the Diet for approval. Historians emphasize the similarity of occupation policies to the US New Deal programs of the 1930s. Moore and Robinson note that "New Deal liberalism seemed natural, even to conservative Republicans such as MacArthur and Whitney."

Whitney remained close to MacArthur throughout the occupation and served as Chief of Government Section at his headquarters. He accompanied MacArthur, during the Korean War and received Silver Star and second Legion of Merit for his visits on the front. Whitney resigned from the army after MacArthur was removed from command in 1951. He was decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal at his retirement ceremony. In 1956, Whitney's biography of his commander, MacArthur: His Rendezvous With History, was published.

Legacy

Whitney is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. He is also represented at the MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park in Leyte, in the Philippines as one of the statues of MacArthur and his party wading ashore at Leyte. Whitney's statue is behind the statues of Sergio Osmeña and Carlos P. Romulo.

In popular culture
Whitney was played by Dick O'Neill in the 1977 film MacArthur

Whitney appears frequently as one of MacArthur's key advisors in James Webb's historical novel "The Emperor's General."

title: Courtney Whitney


text:
Hopper (spacecraft)

Hopper was a proposed European Space Agency (ESA) orbital spaceplane and reusable launch vehicle. The Hopper was a FESTIP (Future European Space Transportation Investigations Programme) system study design.

Hopper was one of several proposals for a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) developed by the ESA. The proposed reusable launch vehicles were to be used for the inexpensive delivery of satellite payloads into orbit as early as 2015. A prototype of Hopper, known as (EADS) Phoenix, was a German-led European project which involved the construction and testing of a one-seventh scale model of the proposed Hopper. On 8 May 2004, a single test flight of the Phoenix was conducted at the North European Aerospace Test range in Kiruna, Sweden, which was followed by more tests later that month.

Background
From the 1980s onwards, there was growing international interest in the development of reusable spacecraft; at the time, only the superpowers of the era, the Soviet Union and the United States, had developed this capability. European nations such as the United Kingdom and France embarked on their own national programs to produce spaceplanes, such as HOTOL and Hermes, while attempting to attract the backing of the multinational European Space Agency (ESA). While these programs ultimately did not garner enough support to continue development, there was still demand within a number of the ESA's member states to pursue the development of reusable space vehicles. During the 1990s, in addition to the development and operation of several technology demonstrator programs, such as the Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD), the ESA were also working on the production of a long-term framework for the eventual development of a viable reusable spacecraft, known as the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP).

Under FLPP, the ESA and European industrial partners performed detailed investigations of several partially-reusable launch vehicle concepts; the aim of the program was to prepare a suitable vehicle to, upon a favorable decision by the ESA's member-nations, proceed with the production of a Next Generation Launcher (NGL). A total of four launch concepts were studied: the Horizontal Take-Off (HTO) Hopper, the Vertical Take-Off (VTO) Hopper, the Reusable First Stage (RFS), and the liquid fly-back booster. Each of these concept vehicles consisted of a reusable winged booster, which was paired with an expendable upper stage, to deliver a payload in geostationary transfer orbit.

The HTO Hopper variant was designed for horizontal take-off, the first portion of which was to be achieved via a rocket sled arrangement. It possessed a relatively conventional wing-body configuration, although one atypical feature was the nose of the spacecraft, which possessed a deliberately low camber so that the required size of the elevons for desired trim functionality could be reduced while also resulting in an improved internal structure, such as in the accommodation of the nose gear. Aerodynamically, the HTO Hopper configuration features a rounded delta planform wing at a 60-degree leading edge sweep, which was matched with a central vertical stabilizer and a flat-bottomed underside for the purpose of maximizing the spacecraft's performance during hypersonic flight.

The alternative VTO Hopper variant was designed for vertical take-off, being launched conventionally via an expendable launch system. It featured a relatively traditional slender missile-like body but differed in the presence of a small delta wing at a 45-degree leading edge sweep and a central vertical stabilizer arrangement. In terms of its structure, the VTO Hopper possessed a circular cross section complete with a loft fillet on the underside of the craft which functioned to accommodate both the wings and body flap; it also featured a booster which was designed to carry the payload upon the nose of the fuselage. Studies determined that both the HTO and the VTO variant concepts possessed a relatively similar reentry load environment.

HTO Hopper - Selection
The HTO Hopper was adopted for further development work under another ESA initiative in the form of the FESTIP (Future European Space Transportation Investigations Programme) system design study. During 1998, it was decided the design of Hopper fulfilled all of the established requirements. At this point, the spacecraft was to be composed of a single-stage reusable vehicle which would not attain orbital velocity itself. Hopper reportedly held the promise of delivering lower cost orbital deployment of payloads. An EADS spokesperson stated that a reusable launch vehicle like Hopper could halve the cost of sending a satellite into orbit, which reportedly had been determined to be around US$15,000 per kilogram of payload in 2004.

The envisioned mission profile of Hopper would have involved several phases. The launch phase was to be achieved by using a 4 km magnetic horizontal track, which was to be purpose-built at the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana, that would accelerate the spacecraft up to launch speed. Upon reaching an altitude of 130 km, the vehicle would fire an expendable rocket-powered upper stage to attain orbital speed; once it had achieved the necessary height and speed, it would have released its satellite payload, which would independently ascend higher still to reach the desired orbit. Reportedly, Hopper was designed to deliver 7.5 tonne satellites into an orbit of 130 km above the surface of the Earth. Following the release of its payload, the vehicle would have then glided down in a controller descent. It was intended that the spacecraft would land at a predetermined island facility in the Atlantic Ocean, after which it would have been transported back to French Guiana by ship for further flights.

Multinational aerospace conglomerate EADS was responsible for the project management of Hopper, as well as for the development of the project's software-based elements. A number of other partner companies were also involved in the spacecraft's development. Reportedly, both the ESA and EADS had originally intended to complete development of Hopper between 2015 and 2020. After the first glide test using the Phoenix prototype in May 2004, no further updates on the programme were forthcoming; it is believed that work on Hopper has been discontinued.

Prototype - Phoenix
The Phoenix RLV launcher, the prototype of the Hopper launcher, was announced by DASA in June 1999 to be developed and produced as a portion of the wider ASTRA program of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), a 40 million EUR project founded by the German Federal Government, EADS' Astrium subsidiary and the state of Bremen. Reportedly, EADS and the state of Bremen invested at least €8.2 million and €4.3 million respectively in the ASTRA programme. A further contribution of €16 million was sourced from partner companies on the program, such as the Bremen-based OHB-System, the DLR and the Federal Ministry for Education and Research. Construction of the prototype began in 2000.

The Phoenix RLV was 6.9 m long, had a weight of 1,200 kg, and a wingspan of 3.9 m. During its design, an emphasis had been placed on minimizing drag by making the vehicle as small as possible. The fuselage interior was occupied by various avionics and onboard systems, providing navigation, data transfer, energy supply, and artificial intelligence functions to allow it to automatically perform its data-gathering mission. Phoenix was one-sixth the size of the planned Hopper vehicle. The final version of the vehicle was expected to be able to support the reentry forces and heat, and be able to glide from an altitude of 129 km. Integration and system testing works were completed in April 2004.

Drop tests - May 2004
On Saturday, May 8, 2004, the Phoenix prototype underwent a large-scale drop-test at the North European Aerospace Test range in Kiruna, Sweden. The vehicle was lifted by helicopter and dropped from a height of 2.4 km. Following a 90-second guided glide, the prototype reportedly landed with precision and without incident. The primary aim of the test was to assess the glider potential of the craft. More specifically, the Phoenix explored various methods of performing automatic landings that would not involve any human intervention; guidance was provided by multiple means of navigation, including GPS satellites, radar and laser altimeters, and various pressure and speed sensors. According to EADS spokesman Mathias Spude, the prototype had landed within three centimeters of the intended target.

Additional tests had already been scheduled, including three that were planned to occur during the following two weeks, which were to build towards the testing of more challenging landings (involving the spacecraft being dropped from different angles or orientations relative to the landing site). Furthermore, the project had an anticipated milestone of releasing the prototype from an altitude of 25 km within three years. However, EADS noted prior to the flight that further tests would be dependent on the craft's performance during the initial flight.

Two further test flights were conducted on May 13 (a repeat of the May 8 drop test) and May 16.

Longer term - Socrates
In the long term, if successful and viable, the landing technology tested on Phoenix was to be incorporated into a follow-on re-usable vehicle, which was to be named Socrates. While not envisioned to serve as an orbital vehicle, Socrates was to be capable of flying at up to 10 times the speed of sound, as well as of performing very rapid turnaround times between flights as a steppingstone towards re-usability.

title: Hopper (spacecraft)


text:
KBPI

KBPI (107.9 FM, "107-9 KBPI") is a commercial radio station licensed to Fort Collins, Colorado. It is owned by iHeartMedia and it broadcasts an active rock radio format.

KBPI's studios are located in Denver in the Tech Center. In December 2017, iHeartMedia assembled a trimulcast of KBPI along the Interstate 25 corridor on the 107.9 frequency, by moving KBPI's main signal to 107.9 in Fort Collins, as well as to translator station K300CP in Denver, and switching KDZA in Pueblo/Colorado Springs to a simulcast of KBPI.

History
KBPI started at 105.9 MHz in Denver on June 21, 1965. It had studios on the 20th floor of the Daniels & Fisher Tower in downtown Denver. The owner and general manager of the station was Bill Pierson, who named KBPI for "Bill Pierson Incorporated". The station featured a progressive rock format. Pierson sold the station in 1974. The station continued its rock format under the new owner, Progressive Broadcasters, Incorporated.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the station moved to an album-oriented rock (AOR) sound. Its television commercials featured a blonde woman lip synching with bits of popular rock songs and DJ's voices, and the tagline KBPI Rocks the Rockies! (elongated with rolling R sounds). This catchphrase is still used in advertising and for a while the campaign was used at other rock radio stations in the United States and Canada. The "blonde woman" AKA "KBPI's Remarkable Mouth" was Kelly Harmon, sister of actor Mark Harmon.

During the 1970s, KBPI gained press for inviting people to bring their disco records to the station office for destruction, and this was frequently broadcast live over the air to the tune of Black Sabbath songs. This was commonplace among AOR stations who were riding the anti-Disco theme at the time. For four years, Steven B. and the Hawk ruled the Denver morning FM ratings, mixing rock music with their witty comments and routines. As they put it, "It really didn't matter what kind of music they played. Listeners tuned in to hear them."

Their comedic style was highlighted by a self-deprecating sense of humor, rather than "shock jock talk". The duo ridiculed the entertainment industry, regularly parodying movie and TV stars. One of their favorite routines was an ongoing spoof of soap operas. They created their own ongoing series, whose titles were partially taken from the real shows that aired at the time: Edge of Guiding Days of My Children Turning Hospital. They also did commercials featuring "Whamco" products and promotions.

Don Hawkins died unexpectedly in November 1994, following a routine surgery. Steven B. Williams, who had become a nationally prominent voiceover artist for television stations and networks including Nick at Nite and moved to California, was found dead of a gunshot wound in May 2006 off Catalina Island, and a business associate who embezzled the inheritance of Williams's father was convicted of his murder in 2011.

On April 20, 1994, Chancellor Media moved KBPI to 106.7 FM, which had been the home of KAZY, its long-time rock competitor and a former sister station to KLZ-AM-TV. Notable DJs include Willie B., DMac, Marc Stout, Scoop, Missy, Uncle Nasty, Matt Need, Double A Ron, Dan, Tim Bourke, Eddie, Joe the Russian and B Lo.

Move to 106.7
106.7 FM signed the air on June 19, 1962, as KLZ-FM. At first it simulcast its AM counterpart KLZ, but in the early 1970s, it started airing a rock format. In 1977, KLZ-FM changed its call sign to KAZY (now at 93.7 FM in Cheyenne, Wyoming) and continued with a rock format until KBPI moved to the frequency on April 20, 1994 (105.9 would then flip to hot AC as KALC).

Dean and Rog hosted the KBPI Morning Show from 1991 to 1996. They were known for features like "The Birthday Scam" and "Torture Tuesday", as well as other stunts. In 1996, the duo and two other station employees were charged with disorderly conduct for entering a mosque while playing "The Star-Spangled Banner" on a trumpet and trombone. This was in response to Nuggets player Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf's refusal to stand for the anthem before games.

After more than twenty years with a mainstream album rock format, KBPI shifted to active rock in late 1995, calling its new format "The New Music Revolution". At the time, KBPI had an alternative rock lean. A few years later, KBPI would bring back the old slogan "Rocks the Rockies".

In 2007, the station was nominated for Radio & Records' Industry Achievement Award for best active rock station in a top 25 market.

Move to 107.9
On July 27, 1975, 107.9 FM first signed on as KCOL-FM. It was the sister station to KCOL (1410 AM). KCOL-FM aired a beautiful music format. In 1988, the station switched to a Top 40 format as KIMN, which were the call letters of a popular Top 40 station in Denver in past years. The station took the call letters KPAW in 1995, at first keeping its Top 40 format, then moving to classic hits around 2000, and later to classic rock.

In December 2017, iHeartMedia launched a trimulcast of KBPI, utilizing the analog 107.9 frequency across several markets in the Interstate 25 corridor. On December 5, the programming and call letters of classic rock KPAW, which targets Fort Collins and the Northern Front Range, was moved to KYWY (92.9) in Cheyenne, Wyoming (which moved its adult contemporary format to KOLT-FM HD2 (100.7-HD2) and translator station K246CI (97.1) four days prior).

On December 11, KBPI's programming and call letters then moved to the 107.9 frequency vacated by KPAW and co-channel Denver translator K300CP, while sister station KDZA in Pueblo, which also serves Colorado Springs, flipped to a simulcast of KBPI (and switched their calls to KBPL the following month). The previous 106.7 signal, which warehoused the KYWY call letters, simulcasted KBPI for a week before flipping to country as KWBL on December 18, 2017. KBPL partially broke away from the trimulcast in January 2019, reintroducing local hosts in the afternoon and nighttime dayparts, and carrying a separate playlist.

K300CP history
The K300CP translator launched early as 2015 in as an FM translator of KOA (850) until November 1, 2015, when KOA was switched to the newly-acquired K231BQ (94.1). After a simulcast of Christmas music from the HD2 subchannel of KRFX (103.5) through the holidays, it began to translate the sports radio format of KDSP (760) until December 11, 2017, when it converted to a simulcast of KDHT-HD2. The translator is not owned by iHeartMedia, but the WAY-FM Network through their Hope Media Group licensing subsidiary.

title: KBPI


text:
USS Des Moines (CL-17)

USS Des Moines (C-15/PG-29/CL-17) was a protected cruiser of the Denver-class cruiser in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the first Navy ship named for the city of Des Moines, Iowa.

Des Moines was launched on 20 September 1902 at the Fore River Ship and Engine Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, sponsored by Miss Elsie Macomber; and commissioned on 5 March 1904.

She was designated PG-29 on 7 July 1920, and redesignated CL-17 on 8 August 1921.

Commissioning & pre-war
In June and July 1904 Des Moines cruised in the West Indies, and on 29 August cleared Boston for duty with the European Squadron, visiting ports in France, England, Ireland, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Italy before her arrival at Barbados on 11 December to join the North Atlantic Fleet. With this force she cruised in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico in target practice and other exercises, making surveys, and protecting American interests.

Des Moines returned to Boston on 16 February 1906, and for the next 5 years cruised widely in the Atlantic, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. She joined in exercises, gave passage to officials and Marines, and took part in ceremonial observances, chief among which were the interment of John Paul Jones at Annapolis in April 1906, and the Naval Review for President Theodore Roosevelt in Oyster Bay in September 1906. In 1908, Templin Potts took command of the ship.

Between 15 April 1910 and 23 January 1911, Des Moines cruised the coast of Africa, gathering information about commercial and political conditions, and called at the Canaries, Lisbon, Cádiz, and Gibraltar. Between March and November 1911 she returned to her Atlantic and West Indian duty, and on 6 December 1911 was placed in reserve for repairs at Boston. Returned to full commission on 3 September 1912, she sailed to the Caribbean to observe and report conditions in the island countries and Central America, and to protect American citizens from political turmoil. She sailed north periodically for overhaul at Portsmouth Navy Yard, and on 24 April 1915 sailed from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for Alexandria, Egypt.

World War I
Between 26 May 1915 and 25 April 1917, Des Moines protected American citizens and interests threatened in the Middle Eastern theater of war, carrying missionaries and other refugees out of Turkey and Syria, delivering relief funds, carrying United States officials, and serving on exercises which took her to ports in Italy, France, Spain, and Algeria. After overhaul at the New York Navy Yard, she joined the Cruiser Force of the Atlantic Fleet for duty escorting merchant convoys from New York and Norfolk, Virginia, to their rendezvous in the Atlantic with destroyers which took up the escort job. In addition to eight such voyages, Des Moines voyaged to Sydney, Nova Scotia, on escort duty, and trained armed guard crews.

While undergoing repairs at New York in January 1919, Des Moines was sent to sea to aid in rescue operations at the scene of the grounded Northern Pacific. All of the fast transport's 2,200 passengers were rescued, 50 of them by Des Moines. She sailed from New York on 11 April 1919 for Archangel, Russia, and duty with the Naval Forces in Northern Russia. Here Des Moines protected American interests from the disturbances of the Bolshevik Revolution, and carried home American troops who had served around Archangel, returning to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 27 October.

Post war & decommissioning
Des Moines cruised off Mexico between May and September 1920, reporting on political conditions, and joining in relief efforts during an epidemic of the plague. She joined the Special Service Squadron based at the Panama Canal Zone to cruise Central American waters, and the west coast of South America promoting friendly relations between the United States and its sister American republics until 5 March 1921, when she returned to the Portsmouth Navy Yard. There she was decommissioned 9 April 1921, and sold to Union Shipbuilding Company for scrapping on 11 March 1930. Des Moines was towed from Portsmouth to the company's ship breaking yard in Baltimore, Maryland by the steamer Columbine. She arrived there on 2 April 1930.

title: USS Des Moines (CL-17)


text:
Marshside, Merseyside

Marshside is a suburb of the town of Southport, Merseyside, England. It is part of the ancient parish of North Meols and was formerly a detached settlement, on the northern fringe of what is now Southport.

Marshside's most notable features are neighbours: the SSSI and nature reserve on the opposite side of Marine Drive. The sandwinning plant closed in early 2007. Whilst operational, it extracted thousands of tonnes of Southport sand per year for use in industry. The nature reserve is managed by the RSPB and provides food and accommodation to many native and migratory birds.

Marshside's traditional industry was shrimping, and the practice still continues to a diminished degree today.

Marshside has four schools: Marshside Primary School, St Patrick's Primary School, Larkfield Primary School (between Larkfield Lane and Preston New Road) and Stanley High School (on Fleetwood Road). The last of these is the largest, with around 800 pupils between the ages of 11 and 16.

Marshside has surprisingly few pubs (compared with neighbouring Churchtown), possibly in part due to the strong tradition of Methodism in the former village. However, there is the Shrimper on Fylde Road (next to The Co-operative Food). The Shrimper is a food-serving pub and part of a large chain. A notable feature is a fish & chip shop built on to the back of the building in the car park, although this is no longer operational, but that has been replaced with a new fish and chip shop, otherwise known as Fylde Fish Bar next to The Co-operative Food and Fylde Road Pharmacy.

St Patrick's Parish Club on Marshside Road is another establishment licensed to serve alcohol. Situated at the back of the old church, the members club is open throughout the week. The only other place to serve alcohol in Marshside is the Fleetwood Hesketh Sports & Social Club, on Fylde Road. Built on land acquired from the Meols Hall estate in Churchtown, this private members club has various sports teams including football, cricket, crown green and indoor bowls, darts, and snooker.

Marshside is also home to the only brass band in Southport.

The main modern industry in Marshside is situated on the estate behind the Shrimper pub, housed in a number of metal-clad buildings. There is a bakery and a publisher's warehouse amongst others.

In the early twentieth century, Marshside had its own completely unique dialect feature, involving a parasitic nasal consonant, occurring after certain final consonants, mostly plosives, in words at the end of a sense group, and before the plural inflexion [z] medially and at the end of a sense group.

title: Marshside, Merseyside


text:
Churchtown

Churchtown or Church Town may refer to:

England

 * Churchtown, Cornwall, various places
 * Churchtown, Cumbria, a United Kingdom location
 * Churchtown, Derbyshire, a United Kingdom location
 * Churchtown, Devon, a United Kingdom location
 * Churchtown, Lancashire
 * Churchtown, Lincolnshire, Belton, North Lincolnshire
 * Churchtown, Merseyside (historically in Lancashire)
 * Churchtown, Shropshire
 * Churchtown, Somerset

Isle of Man

 * Churchtown, Isle of Man, a United Kingdom location

Northern Ireland

 * Churchtown, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland

Republic of Ireland

 * Churchtown, County Cork
 * Churchtown, County Kildare, a civil parish of Ireland
 * Churchtown, County Westmeath (civil parish), a civil parish in the barony of Rathconrath]
 * Churchtown, County Wexford; see List of shipwrecks in February 1823
 * Churchtown, Dublin, an affluent suburb
 * Churchtown, Kilmacnevan, a townland in the civil parish of Kilmacnevan, barony of Moygoish, County Westmeath
 * Churchtown, Rathconrath, a townland in the civil parish of Churchtown, barony of Rathconrath, County Westmeath

United States

 * Churchtown, Iowa
 * Churchtown, New Jersey
 * Churchtown, Ohio
 * Churchtown, Pennsylvania

title: Churchtown


text:
Sveriges Radio P3

Sveriges Radio P3 (P3) is a semi-mainstream CHR/CHR Alternative-formatted station operated by Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcasting organization Sveriges Radio. The P in P3 originally stood for Program (Programme) but today has no official meaning and is simply a name. P3 was officially similar and related to BBC Radio 1.

P3 is broadcast nationwide on FM (also digitally via DAB in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, and Luleå) as well as being streamed on the internet. It also operated the web- and DAB-only channel P3 Star until June 2019.

History
Test broadcastings were introduced in 1962. On 1 July 1964, Sveriges Radio P3 began regular operations.

Format
Its output (pop, rock, hip-hop and dance) is oriented towards young people from junior high school age to 50. The station claims that it plays 1,200 different songs every week and at least 1/3 of them are Swedish. It also welcomes musical suggestions from listeners and records from unsigned/independent artists.

Current programmes

 * DigiListan is a Sunday afternoon two-hour programme presenting the most streamed, downloaded and bought songs in Sweden during the week.
 * Morgonpasset i P3 is a daily breakfast show consisting of a mix of music, interviews, and humour.
 * Musikguiden i P3 is a Friday morning three-hour radio show dedicated to all kinds of music.
 * P3 Osignat is a Thursday night one-hour radio show featuring the 10 most voted new and unsigned songs.
 * P3 Soul is a weekly radio show dedicated to soul and hip hop music. It has been hosted since 1978 by Mats Nileskär, who was the first ever presenter to play hip hop on Swedish radio.
 * PP3 is a Friday afternoon three-hour radio show dedicated to pop culture. It has been hosted since April 2016 by Linnéa Wikblad, Sara Kinberg and Adrian Boberg.
 * Vaken med P3 & P4 is the daily six-hour overnight show. It is a simulcast with SR P4.
 * P3 Nyheter is a two-minute news summary, broadcasting Mondays to Fridays between 6.30 AM and 6.00 PM. At all other times, Ekot is in charge of the news coverage.
 * "Relationsradion i P3" is a relationship-related music-and-speech show that broadcasts Monday to Thursday at 10:02-13:00.

As well as its music programming, P3 also provides a traffic message channel service.

title: Sveriges Radio P3


text:
Talk:Ouzo

Untitled
Does anyone know why ouzo goes milky when you put water in it?
 * Answered! Have a nice day! --Spudtater 01:39, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cheers!
THIS ARTICLE SHOULD BE MERGED WITH ARAK, as it is essentially the same liquor.

Cheers, Project2501a! :)(a sound of two glasses colliding)... is there a Wikipedia non-alchololism policy somewhere around? --FlavrSavr 08:35, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yes, there is: "Thou salt not edit while sober" Project2501a 00:31, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Louching is the term when the terpenes in absinthe become milky white when cold water is mixed with it. This action is the same when cool water is added to ouzo. I do disagree with the article that ouzo could be a substitute for absinthe without the wormwood. A better substitution would be Pernod, which is from the original manufacturer of absinthe, and is truly absinthe without the wormwood (and yes, the louches also). - Dan, Miami Beach, swanny2070@earthlink.net The article does not claim that ouzo is absinthe without the wormwood - it merely says that such a claim was once made, and cites Encyclopeadia Britannica as its source Moletrouser (talk) 07:48, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Church of Ouzo
i think it would be best if the Church of Ouzo entry were split off, and a disambiguation page generated. the two appear to be completely different things. Anastrophe 21:03, 4 December 2005 (UTC) _________________________________________________________

Not any more unrelated than the game       Liar's poker and the book of the same name. RME

 * that's pretty much my point. they are only barely noteworthy to the main article. Anastrophe 21:04, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree they are both footnotes in the sense of being related to but of lesser importance than the main article, but I feel such segues also provide some measure of article enhancement. RME

 * I agree with Delirium who deleted the stuff about the Church of Ouzo. The phrasing was POV anyway. If someone cares, they should start a new article and add a link in the "See Also" section here, IMO. Alex.g 11:11, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

how much water?
This article should probably say what the water-to-ouzo ratio should be... —alxndr  (t) 01:46, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

I do not put any water into my ouzo -- just a 3 or 4 ice cubes! This allows me to (almost ritualistically) watch the ouzo effect take place as the ice cubes melt and drink my ouzo when it is just right. For me, drinking ouzo is something that I don't do unless I have a lot of time that I can spend enjoying it! Dave ©¿©¬ (talk) 05:29, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

Ouzo 7, Ouzo 12
I've seen numbering of ouzos (here in Israel, where, I disclaim, everything tends to be messed up food-wise). I've assumed this is a reference to the amount of time aged; is it months? Years? Stupid branding? Cheers! --Mgreenbe 01:20, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I believe that they're just brands.I think Ouzo 12 is actually named after the number of the barrel it was stored in when it's producer was just a small family distillery.Or maybe that was Ouzo 7, I'm not sure.--Jsone 21:01, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Confirmed by the Google search I should have done in the beginning. I'll stick to arak (a steal at 18 shekels = US$4 per liter).  Thanks! --Mgreenbe 21:28, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

It's just a matter of taste, you can add as much as you want. I tend to drink it straight. --Peter

Liqueur/ Liquor
In the opening paragraph Ouzo is described as a Liqueur. In the article on absinthe, that spirit is described as a liquor because "does not contain added sugar". No mention is made of sugar being added to Ouzo. Is it not therefore a liquor? Also, is the reason "The history of ouzo is somewhat murky" because it has been watered down over the years? --Dashers 05:36, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Liqueur/ Liquor 2
If I may add my 2 cents to user:Dashers, there is an inconsistency between Ouzo and absinthe. It is unclear which is a liqueur and which a liquor. In the List of liqueurs there is a note: "Absinthe, Arak, Rakı, and similar anise-flavored beverages contain no sugar and thus are flavored liquors rather than liqueurs.", but ouzo is included in the "Anise-flavored liqueurs". In the Flavored liquor page, the same distinction is made: "They are distinct from liqueurs in that liqueurs have a high sugar content, whereas flavored liquors contain no added sugar." As far as I know, ouzo does not contain added sugar and it is certainly not sweet. It is distilled from raisins with added flavors. According to the making of liqueurs includes sweetening. According to ouzo is a liqueur, because it is a flavored spirit and not because of sugar content. According to, liqueurs are sweet and both ouzo and absinthe are liqueurs. So, the confusion is general. I propose that both absinthe and ouzo be put in the same category, either the Flavored liquor one (which makes more sense to me) or the liqueur one. Helentr (talk) 22:59, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

 * That seems reasonable to me; I've changed the intro to say "anise-flavored spirit" instead of "anise-flavored liqueur", which uses the same terminology as the absinthe article. As far as actual categories go, both are in Category:Anise liqueurs and spirits, whose name is neutral as to whether it's a liqueur or some other kind of spirit. --Delirium (talk) 22:38, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the swift response --Helentr (talk) 15:32, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * There are ouzos which are quite sweet (especially from Southern Greece), and there are completely dry ones. Not sure though, if the sweet ones have a sugar content high enough to qualify them as liqueurs. I seriously doubt it. 31.24.11.129 (talk) 17:36, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

Similarities
I'd say ouzo is more similar to pastis, sambuca and arak than absinthe.
 * Well yes. Ouzo, pastis, and sambuca all have anise as the primary flavour, with other herbs added as complements. Absinthe's flavour results from the synergy between anise and wormwood, which is, to put it euphemistically, a right bit more challenging to the palate than anise by itself. Wormwoodpoppies 17:09, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree, at least partly. Some absinthes, especially the Swiss "bleues" (clear/white ones) are not radically different from ouzo or pastis, because they have a high anise content. Pastis contains liquorice besides the anise, in an amount that just can't be ignored. Ouzo may also contain herbs and seeds other than anise, which complement its aroma. I would say sambuca is the odd one out here, because it's a liqueur, it's a lot sweeter than the others. An Italian equivalent to the other dry anise liquors would rather be Mistra, from the Marche region. 31.24.11.129 (talk) 17:29, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Correction: green absinthe gets its colour from a mazeration with colouring herbs (such as artemisia pontica) after the distillation. (Any colour would't survive the distillation.) Clear/white absinthe doesn't get mazerated after the distillation; that's the main reason why it's not this dissimilar to ouzo or pastis. 31.24.11.129 (talk) 17:45, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * But, it's important to understand that bleue/clear/white absinthe doesn't necessarily have a low content of wormwood. Because of its extreme bitterness, wormwood isn't typically used as a colouring herb, hence the colour of an absinthe doesn't give any clue about the wormwood content. 31.24.11.129 (talk) 18:02, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

ouzo....cocaine?????
A friend of mine came back from duty in the US Navy in 1968....He brought us a bottle of OUZO and told us that one of the ingredients was cocaine....was there any truth to this for a bottle produced in Greece in the 1960's??? Thanks ahead of time for any answers....216.230.184.65 16:44, 13 November 2006 (UTC)JOE216.230.184.65 16:44, 13 November 2006 (UTC) When I was in the US Navy, the captain of our ship, the USS Seattle, addressed the crew over the PA system in 1980 before we hit the Greek port of Athens regarding his sailors illegally imbibing opium-based ouzo. He said that while it was understood that "everyone" knew it was against UCMJ, that he knew it would happen anyway. He then went on to explain how to...drink ouzo responsibly, and how to avoid certain dangerous repercussions. It was very confusing. The upshot is this: There is no truth to theories that ouzo contains cocaine, but the US Navy did believe that the genuine drink (not the alcohol-based drink authorized for sale within the US) did in fact contain opium. There was no suggestion whatsoever that ouzo was like absinthe in chemical composition; just because different drinks share the same FLAVORING ingredients does not mean that they share the same intoxicants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:6000:6BC9:E800:5D95:3429:F0B8:9B15 (talk) 11:12, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Very unlikely, unless this was "special" ouzo he purchased from a home-distiller. Or there's a tiny chance it may have contained de-cocainised coca leaf. But by 1968 coke was banned or tightly cotrolled pretty much the world over, so it's more likely than not that this should be filed along with "LSD from Foster's beer" and "absinthe makes you trip ballllz, d00d" Wormwoodpoppies 17:05, 27 November 2006 (UTC).
 * Urban myth. The story I heard circulating in the 1980s was that Ouzo was made with opium or morphine.  Never found any evidence this was true. Dragomiloff 02:21, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Urban (or US Navy) myth. I've visited ouzo distilleries and seen the ingredients. Lots of anise seed. No cocaine. And rew D alby  10:12, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd call this about as true as the joke that as a Greek liquer, it is distilled from crippling debt. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.216.68.87 (talk) 18:14, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Lesvos // Lesbos
There seems to be some debate as to the correct transliteration of the name of the island in question. The article for that island calls it Lesbos, but it refers to an attraction on that island as the Petrified Forests of Lesvos. Businesses in that area also call their island Lesvos (as in lesvos.net, lesvos.gr, lesvos.co.uk and so on). The Greek spelling is Λέσβου; the beta character is pronounced as the letter V. The "b" sound in Greek is made by μπ. It would therefore appear that the proper English spelling of Λέσβου is "Lesvos".Flakeloaf 15:11, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As often happens, there's more than one proper spelling. The beta character made the sound b in ancient Greek, and Lesbos is nearly always spelt with a b in English by people who are talking about its history, and by people who first heard about it in a classical context; also by people who are aware of the connection with lesbianism! I suppose one could try searching Google to see which spelling is commoner right now. And rew D alby  12:59, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Google search for "lesbos" at your peril :) Flakeloaf 15:11, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Ouzo similar to absinthe?
Since when is ouzo similar to absinthe? Absinthe is an extremely strong spirit, whereas ouzo, while strong, is not to that extent.--Orthologist 14:39, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, you're right. I have changed this sentence, likening it to pastis instead. OK? And rew D alby  16:35, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
 * POV has been eliminated and absinthe substitute put back in based on Encyclopaedia Britannica reference. RME
 * The EB claim seems highly POV to me; at the very least it needs to be more explicit. For whom is ouzo a substitute for absinthe? Not for its current drinkers, most of whom have never had any exposure to absinthe and many of whom have probably never heard of it. For its 19th century market? But at that time absinthe itself was accessible to those who wanted it, so was any substitute needed? Encyclopedias can get things wrong, as we know! I have put the EB claim in a footnote temporarily: it would be good to have a verbatim citation and to know which EB article this comes from. (User:Andrew Dalby)
 * I recall seeing it in the Micropaedia article on ouzo. RME
 * Well, thanks. If the EB said it, I suppose their author must have meant that ouzo (which already existed before absinthe was widely banned) became more popular in the early 1900s as a substitute for the newly unobtainable absinthe. Maybe so (I wonder if said author did any research on this). As you will know if you have drunk both, there is not much resemblance either in the method of serving, or in the alcohol content, or in the flavour!
 * My feeling (tell me if you disagree!) is that this information doesn't serve to characterise ouzo as it is today, though it may say something of the marketing of ouzo in the early 20th century. Therefore, maybe it belongs later in the article. And rew D alby  18:39, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * For the present I have inserted this description a bit later on, in the history section of the article, as you'll see. I can't verify the quote -- in the 1953 EB, which I have, ouzo seems not to be mentioned. And rew D alby  20:03, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * As you will know if you have drunk both, there is not much resemblance either in the method of serving, or in the alcohol content, or in the flavour! Apparently you've never had most of what passes for absinthe, since it typically reeks of anise and in fact tastes almost exactly like ouzo! Especially Czech absinthe! Which is 98% of the world market! --76.224.92.30 07:04, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The "POV" referred to by RME above was presumably the statement that ouzo was "pleasant to drink"! I have taken the offending word out. And rew D alby  12:46, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

/*What is it made from?*/ What exactly is it fermented from? The article isn't clear.

Name
Bella Online link is dead:. It might be retrievable via The Internet Archive, but that's down today too. Gordonofcartoon 13:18, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

An interesting theory on the etymology of the word 'Ouzo'. In Europe, many drinkable spirits were known by the name 'water of life' (the Scots 'whisky' and Irish 'Whiskey' derive from the gaelic 'uisce beatha' deriving from the latin 'aqua vita'. The scandinavian spirit Akavit having the same route). In Greek this could be rendered νερό ζώου or nero zoo (literally the water of living things). Ouzo is a fairly obvious abreviation from that I would have thought. I should say this is just a theory. I can cite no reference or evidence here. Just thought it might be worth a mention. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.192.19.125 (talk) 20:14, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ouzo Bottle.JPG
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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:53, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Lack of milky color
I was just served ouzo with ice, and it was totally clear, no milky color. Is that possible? Badagnani (talk) 05:36, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Original milkiness?
Why doesn't the ouzo become cloudy in the manufacturing process when water is added to the ouzo yeast: "they simply dilute ouzo yeast with water (and add sugar if needed)?" 76.123.203.164 (talk) 12:52, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

 * This is discussed in a bit more detail in the article on ouzo effect. It seems to have to do with the concentration of ethanol (higher concentrations don't result in cloudiness), but isn't actually that well understood. --Delirium (talk) 13:00, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you!76.123.203.164 (talk) 13:33, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Etymology
Sir G. Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish, Oxford 1972, page 288 says that the word "ouzo" derives from the word "üzüm", which means grapes in Turkish. --Tubesship (talk) 17:34, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Making Ouzo in Ancient Times, before invention of distillation ?
Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān al azdi known as Geber in west who lived in Khorasan which was a Turkish and Persian city in the 8th century, invented distillation.It is not possible to make a distilled liqueur before that time :) 88.255.50.1 (talk) 16:05, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * That depends on the definition of the word "ancient". In France, they generally consider "ancient" to be more than 100 years old. However, personally I agree with you. 8th century isn't truly ancient. Neither are the Byzantine or Ottoman Empires. However, I did once see a laughable description of the "Ancient Ottoman Empire" on a large exhibit at the British Museum. Just goes to show that the word "ancient" isn't always used correctly (not even by historians and archaeologists) Nipsonanomhmata (talk) 10:25, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

The claim that Jabir invented distillation in the 8th century BCE is a bit funny since it is a documented process described in existing writing from ancient Greek Alexandria at least as early as 2nd century BCE. Alcoholic beverage distillation is Chinese in origin

Distillation: earliest documented Greeks 1-2nd BCE Alcoholic beverage distillation: earliest documented Chinese 10th BCE108.18.70.239 (talk) 23:46, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Raki, Tsikoudia, Tsipouro and Mastiha
These alcoholic drinks also exist in Greece. They are not usually anise-flavored in Greece. It is confusing to claim that they are in the context of Ouzo. I wouldn't be surprised if there are anise-flavored variations of raki, tsikoudia or tsipouro but one has to explain that these products are not usually anise-flavored in Greece. Also, raki, tsikoudia and tsipouro are not aperitifs. They are generally "burn your gullet" "eau de vie" spirits. Although I wouldn't recommend getting drunk on Ouzo since it will deliver the worst kind of hangover. Mastiha is something completely different. It is not usually anise-flavored. At least not in most of the places where I have tried it in Greece. For the anise-flavored version of Mastiha you have to explain that there are non-anise flavored versions of it that are much more common. Have also noticed that there is a drink called "Mastiha Ouzo". I am not sure if this is an anise-flavored Mastiha or Ouzo with the brand-name "Mastiha". If Mastiha is used as a base for Ouzo it will be a completely different drink and should not really be called Ouzo (but I guess they can get away with calling it "Mastiha Ouzo"). Nipsonanomhmata (talk) 10:40, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I think it depends on the part of Greece. In my experience, Tsipouro in Macedonia (Northern Greece) is most commonly anise-flavored, and seen as more or less a home-made variant of ouzo. --Delirium (talk) 13:12, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * These may be called tsipouro colloquially, but since tsipouro and tsikoudia are GIs for local pomace spirits, and as such, may not have a dominant flavouring, anise spirits with whatever base spirit may not be legally labeled as tsipouro or tsikoudia in Greece. As for mastiha, there are many ouzo flavoured with mastic, hence the legally accepted name overlap, but mastiha on its own is not anise flavoured. – Phoney (talk) 07:35, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Indeed tsipouro with anise is sold in Greece - one can assume, legally - under the name "tsipouro" ; the law says "Grape marc spirit or grape marc shall not be flavoured. This shall not exclude traditional production methods." so you can not use it as an argument against the existence of anise-flavoured tsipouro.--Phso2 (talk) 22:20, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I had known about the exception of traditional methods, but I also falsely assumed that pomace character was required to be predominant. Thanks for the information! – Phoney (talk) 09:19, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Ouzo production does not include any fermentation...
So where does the ethanol come from? "Agricultural origin" does imply fermenation of some sort of biomass, does it not? Moletrouser (talk) 08:01, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The article does not consider the production of rectified spirit (officially named ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin by EU regs) to be part of ouzo making itself. The base spirit isn't even made by the ouzo distiller; they buy it as a base ingredient. Just like harvesting wheat is not strictly a part of bread making. – Phoney (talk) 10:58, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I was wondering about this too. At least, I'd like to know what grain the ethanol is typically made from. tharsaile (talk) 15:21, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

Anethole added
The option of pre-added anethole doesn't appear in EU regulations, though 0,05% would be a decisive part of the final amount. I think the information should be considered wrong unless present Greek regulations (which I couldn't find) state different. – Phoney (talk) 15:53, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

It seems that as a European distilled anis, ouzo is allowed to contain essences added. – Phoney (talk) 11:09, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ouzo


text:
Blowick

Blowick is a suburb on the east side of the town of Southport, Merseyside, England.

History and etymology
Blowick is part of the ancient parish of North Meols and was formerly a detached settlement, on the northern fringe of what is now Southport.

The name derives from the Old Norse name Bla Vik meaning "dark bay" as it was located at the end of a large inlet on the ancient lake of Martin Mere called "The Wyke" which ended roughly at Crowland Street and drained into the Old Pool. There are historically two Blowicks: Higher Blowick, situated around what is now the junction of Everard Road and Southbank Road, and Lower Blowick (Butts Lane, Norwood Road, etc.), which is the area around what locals tend to refer to now as simply Blowick. The countryside on which the nearby Kew Housing Estate is built on what was known as Blowick Moss, and a local road on the estate is known as Blowick Moss Lane.

Landmarks
The Southport gas holder on Crowland Street was the tallest building on the Southport skyline, visible from as far afield as Blackpool and Parbold. The largest tower was decommissioned in January 2008, due to an environmental risk posed by the storage of oil within it. In September 2008, National Grid announced that two of the three gas towers would be dismantled by August 2009, with the fate of the smallest tower remaining uncertain. The news has met with mixed reactions from local residents, though the gas holder was voted one of the North West's biggest eyesores in a competition run by the BBC.

The Thatch & Thistle is a modern thatched public house on Norwood Road built on the site of the original Blowick pub. Known for a time as The Thatch Inn, the pub closed on 21 August 2008 after Cains Brewery went into administration, but reopened the following day under new management.

Haig Avenue football stadium, the home of National League North team Southport F.C., is also located in Blowick.

The Southport Bus Depot is situated on Canning Road in Blowick and is a Victorian building with lavish architecture for a storage building and even has a clock built into the wall.

Education
The area has a secondary school Meols Cop High School and a sixth form college King George V College. The former was previously a secondary modern school and the latter a grammar school.

Transport
Blowick is served by Meols Cop railway station on Northern's Manchester to Southport Line. The station opened in 1887, originally as part of the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway. In years gone by, Blowick had a further two railway stations: Butts Lane Halt (closed 1938), also on the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway, and Blowick railway station (closed 1939) on the Manchester and Southport Railway.

title: Blowick


text:
USS Chattanooga (CL-18)

USS Chattanooga (C-16/PG-30/CL-18) was a Denver-class cruiser protected cruiser in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the second Navy ship named for the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Construction
Chattanooga was one of six Denver-class protected cruisers ordered for the US Navy on 14 December 1899. She was laid down at the Crescent Shipyard of Elizabethport, New Jersey on 29 March 1900, and launched on 7 March 1903. Construction was much slower than contracted (the contracted completion date was 14 June 1902), and when the shipbuilding trust that owned the Crescent Shipyard, the US Government cancelled the contract and took possession of the part-completed ship, which was moved to the New York Navy Yard for finishing in October 1903.

Chattanooga was commissioned on 11 October 1904. After sea trials in January 1905, during which she reached a speed of 16.65 kn in a four-hour trial, she reported to the Atlantic Fleet.

Pre-war service
Chattanooga's first cruise following shakedown was to the Caribbean, from which she returned to New York City to join the squadron which cleared for Cherbourg, France 18 June 1905. At Cherbourg, USS Brooklyn (CA-3) received on board the body of John Paul Jones, which the squadron brought home to the United States Naval Academy, arriving at Annapolis 23 July. Through the remainder of the year, Chattanooga aided in training men of the Maine and Massachusetts Naval Militia, and cruised briefly in the Caribbean. On 28 December she cleared San Juan, Puerto Rico, for the Suez Canal and duty in the Pacific. Between 29 April 1906, when she arrived at Cavite, P.I., and 10 August 1910, when she reported at Puget Sound Navy Yard for inactivation, Chattanooga joined the Asiatic Fleet in its winter operations in the Philippines and summer cruises to China, aiding in representing America's strength and interest in the Orient. Chattanooga was decommissioned at Puget Sound Navy Yard 17 September 1910.

World War I
Chattanooga was placed in reserve commission 31 August 1912, remaining at Puget Sound, and in full commission 21 April 1914, for duty in Mexican waters. Through 1915 and 1916, she cruised to protect American interests from the disorder of the Mexican Revolution, and this duty continued after America's entrance into World War I until May 1917. Chattanooga then sailed through the Panama Canal for several months of patrol duties in the Caribbean, searching for German raiders. From July 1917, she escorted convoys from the Atlantic coast to rendezvous with other escorts in the approaches to French ports. This rugged duty across the stormy mid-Atlantic was broken only by two escort missions to Nova Scotia.

Chattanooga took part in the Victory Fleet Review taken by the Secretary of the Navy in New York harbor 26 December 1918. After an overhaul, the cruiser carried a party of Liberian officials to Monrovia, then turned north for Plymouth, England, which she reached 7 May. As flagship of U.S. Naval Forces, European Waters, Chattanooga sailed among English and French ports until June, though on 1 April 1919, she, along with USS Tallahassee, took part in the closure of the United States Navy facilities on White's Island and Agar's Island in the British Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, 640 miles off North Carolina. On 29 June, she served as leading honor escort guarding President Woodrow Wilson's departure from France in George Washington, then sailed on to call at German and Belgian ports before arriving in the Mediterranean for service as flagship for U.S. Naval Forces, Turkish Waters. Cruising primarily in the Black Sea, she also served in the Adriatic in connection with the disposal of ships of the former Austro-Hungarian Navy. From January through May 1921, she conducted regular patrols with the cruiser squadron assigned to European waters, and on 1 June, returned to the United States. She was decommissioned at Boston 19 July 1921, and laid up at Portsmouth Navy Yard until sold 8 March 1930.

Chattanooga's bell was at a now-closed American Legion post in Shelbyville Tennessee, in late 2015 was at the National Medal of Honor Museum in the Northgate Mall, and soon will be incorporated into a memorial to the victims of the attack on the recruiting station at Chattanooga, Tennessee.

title: USS Chattanooga (CL-18)


text: Category:Linguists from the United States