text:
User talk:Nereocystis

Hi Nereocystis, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

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If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 10:07, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Arctostaphylos
Hi Nereo - I think if the two are to be merged, it should be at Arctostaphylos, not at Manzanita. There's plenty of other genera, where the genus contains plants with different common names, where the wikipedia page is at the scientific name, not one of the common names. Thanks for adding the subgenera & section details, that's very useful. - MPF 22:51, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I prefer merging at Arctostaphylos as well. However, whenever I add a new binomial species, someone moves it to a common name, no matter how uncommon the name really is. User:nereocystis

Hdl
I went ahead and deleted this redirect, but only because you asked, and nobody disagreed. If it was up to me, I would have left if, because clearly someone looked up "Hdl", found nothing there, and started to create an article - which is #2 on the list of reasons to keep a redirect. If it get recreated again, I will definitely keep it. Noel (talk) 12:58, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject Latter Day Saint movement

 * I've left a similar message at WikiProject_Latter_Day_Saint_movement. The comments you left on item you voted on make me think the reccommendation is poorlyl worded. We are referring ONLY to the massive amounts of "lds.org"-related and "helpingmormons.com"-related links that deal very little with the topic on the said page. For example, there are scores of links at Mormon and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint that are duplicative pointing people to LDS.org, BYU or some anti-site - most are found on both pages. The "official" church links should be at the Church page, not at Mormon, since it is about Mormon and which sects claim to be "Mormons." See what we're saying? If there is specific Book of Abraham links, of course they should be at that page, but www.BYU.com; lds.org or www.ihatemormons.com should not be on those pages. What you are thinking is the following recommendation about a link page - that ha opposing votes and will likely fail (thank goodness!). You may want to move your vote down to that section. -Visorstuff 21:07, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Polygamy
Hi, just wondering if you're still planning on making edits to that article soon? Dan100 17:49, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Soon. I hope very soon. Weekends have been busy for me lately. I hope to do 1 or 2 a day for a while. I admit that I'm a bit gunshy, and sort of expect reversions in a few days. Nereocystis 21:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think you'll be reverted. Everything seems quiet at the moment! Dan100 18:59, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Prophecies of Joseph Smith
Your comments on the page today could be answered by reading the recent edits over the last few days. It was the concensus that attempting an article entitled "Joseph Smith as a prophet" was not appropriate for a Wiki article. It's title only invited POV edits. The title was changed to the current title, "Prophecies of Joseph Smith". You will read that a decision has not be finalized on whether it should just be list of his prophecies and leave it up to the reader to decide validity or to insert pro and con commentary. I personally lean to just state the facts and leave the commentary and decision making to the reader, but I have not made a final decision. The article as it now stands if still very much in a "drafting" situation. Your input is sought, but I am not sure your most recent edits were the result of having read all the recent edits and decisions or simply not being involved in the recent decisions. It's not final so feel free to come back and discuss your concerns. Storm Rider 8 July 2005 21:24 (UTC)

Anti-Mormon discussion
I left you a response on my talk page to your post. Thank-you for being a part of the WP:LDS. It is refreshing to have a fourth school of thought on Mormon history represented and does help in keeping us more neutral. Keep up the good work - your edits are much needed.

Also, realize that most of us don't consider disagreement anti-Mormon, we consider public attacks anti-mormon. To me a big difference. People who are not Jewish are not Anti-Semetic. People who publicly say Jews are going to hell are. People who are not Mormon and who disagree are not anti-mormon, but those who wave garments at temple square or say all Mormons are doomed to hell are. Thanks. -Visorstuff 22:09, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Am I heading in the right direction on Anti-Mormonism/Rewrite?

RFC
"Please note: If you did not try and fail to resolve the dispute, but agree with the summary's presentation of events, please sign in the next section. Please notify the user, via his talk page, that a conduct dispute has been raised." This is the reason that I haven't signed the "Users certifying the basis for this dispute" section. Have you put a message on the talk pages of people who are/were involved with this to get their endorsement? Kewp 06:36, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Polygamy
Could you clean up your last edit on Talk:Polygamy? Somehow, it looks like the page got duplicated or something, and I don't want to accidentally delete your post in cleaning it up. Thanks, dude! - Dunkelza 18:39 August 31, 2005 (EDT)

Your take on the polygamy dispute
Hello.

I've agreed to advocate for Researcher99 regarding the polygamy dispute. I've read through the large amount of discussion on the relevant talk pages and RFC. Researcher99 insists that the dispute resolution must return to the state it was in before Uriah923 began mediating in order to comply with Wikipedia policy (although the particular policy of maintaining the status quo on articles while in dispute is only a guideline, and this far into the dispute it may no longer make sense to revert the article back to April). I am interested in hearing your opinion of the dispute and of Researcher99's resolution proposal in order to help reach a compromise on the approach to resolution. I also proposed getting at least the two of you together in an IRC chat to discuss each other's grievances in the presence of an advocate, but Researcher99 did not directly answer the question of whether he is willing to try that. Would you agree to a chat? Do you believe that it would be worthwhile?

Thanks.

Metasquares 17:19, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

hello
I hope it didn't sound mean when I said "did you make a mistake?" about the Requests for comment/Religion on the talk:polygamy page, I just didn't know enough about it to add it myself. Anyways, I guess my larger problem is that I am very interested in contributing to this article, but as I expressed on the talk page it's hard to get involved because this issue has been going on for so long. I'm just not sure what is appropriate, especially now that there is a mediation type thing going on between you and Researcher99. Anyways, just wanted to clarify my position. Best, Kewp 14:05, 5 September 2005 (UTC)Kewp
 * Well apparently I talk to myself since apparently we are the same person, according to Researcher99 well, I'm at a loss for words.Kewp 20:57, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

About Polygamy dispute
I'm writing here for keeping Talk:Polygamy in some order. As Researcher is back from his Wikibreak, I'll ask him about the mediation and his opinion. --Neigel von Teighen 23:31, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Request for Mediation
I've began a request for mediation between Researcher and you. You can see it in Requests for Mediation and should answer it with your opinion about doing the mediation no matter if you want or not to do it. --Neigel von Teighen 23:19, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Researcher, talk pages, mediation, etc.
Hi! I saw your message for me.

I also want to get this into mediation to resolve this dispute. We must do it quickly or I actually don't know what to do for doing this in a civil manner. It's really funny that we cannot do our mediation only because there's no mediator (I hope you saw the message MacGyverMagic sent me on that matter) though Researcher and you do want to do it! It's curious how sometimes mediators "vandalize" these processes.

And on vandalism, how could Researcher say that a mediation would be vandalism? He's now who wants it. --Neigel von Teighen 22:06, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Mediation accepted
Hello, I have assigned User:Andrevan to the mediation filed. I am waiting for his reply, but please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_mediation#.5B.5BUser:Researcher99.5D.5D_in_dispute_with_.5B.5BUser:Nereocystis.5D.5D_and_others. Thanks, R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:59, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration request
I have performed a WP:RfAr against you because of the Polygamy affair. Please, take a look at it. --Neigel von Teighen 23:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello, I see that there has been an RfAr filed against you, I guess they beat you to the punch. One of Imaglang's items for "preliminary evidence" was a comment that I made on the RFC  about Researcher99's "rapist and terrorist" comment.  I put a comment on Imaglang's talk page  to the effect that any change that I made to the RFC should not be listed under evidence against you.  Anyways, I would be glad to give any assistance that you might need in dealing with this RfAr. thanks. --Kewp (t) 04:52, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nereocystis, I agree, what I meant was that Imaglang seemed to be using my comment (which was a complaint against Researcher99) as evidence against you, as if somehow my actions were somehow related to yours. He lists my comment under this heading--"abuses performed by Nereocystis as it can be shown by the list of diffs at the bottom of the statement." Maybe they're trying the sockpuppet line again. Anyways, Imaglang/Researcher99's entire RfAr is ridiculous and unfounded; none of your posts listed by Imaglang, or in fact any of the posts that I've seen, have been uncivil or abusive.  Best of luck to you, Kewp (t) 15:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I suspect you're right. The sockpuppet theme has come up many times over the last few months.  If sockpuppetry is a discussion point of the arbitration, I would like to see it stated explicitly. I could prepare a better statement against me than the advocate did. It really is poorly done. Nereocystis 21:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Could you please be more careful when editing pages? Your last edit to WP:RFAr resulted in the entire contents of the page being doubled, in addition to whatever edits you were trying to make, and I had to revert it. --Carnildo 07:30, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry. Too much late night editing. Nereocystis 08:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I was looking over the RfAr and I noticed two typos (I think).... You repeat this statement twice--"Researcher99 has been repeatedly abusive toward Researcher99" in both your and imaglang's RfAr. Also you say "Reference # is stated a bit stronger than I usually prefer" without specifying which #.  I thought you might want to fix those, sorry If I'm being intrusive.  --Kewp (t) 20:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing out the errors. I appreciate your help. Nereocystis 21:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Another take on the polygamy arbitration
As I mentioned both on the RfAr talk page, Researcher99 did go through the motions of agreeing to mediation. It is essentially true that he refused good-faith mediation, but my wording was more neutral. As I mentioned in the RfC, if the ArbCom accepts the case, then he will have to summarize what he thinks was the abuse and harassment that he claims you have put on him. Since I don't think he knows how to do that, his advocate will have a tedious job looking through months of archived talk pages. One likely outcome is that he may be banned for a while, and you may be given a warning to be civil even to uncivil editors. My sympathies in dealing with this problematical user. Robert McClenon 22:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your take on the situation. If he had a good mentor, he might be able to add a lot to polygamy. I had hoped that his advocate would encourage mediation more strongly, and would serve as a de facto mentor. You did suggest a mentor on the RfC. Nereocystis 23:21, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You're also right that he can't get a 500 word summary. 2300 words, with promises to add more soon. Nereocystis 21:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration accepted
Requests for arbitration/Polygamy has been accepted; it is a merger of the two requests. A brief statement of the case would be appreciated at Requests for arbitration/Polygamy. Place evidence at Requests for arbitration/Polygamy/Evidence Fred Bauder 17:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Prosecutions for bigamy
Have any wealthy polygamists been prosecuted? Fred Bauder 00:23, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a good question. I think not, at least in the US, in recent decades, though in July, 2005, various members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints were arrested, including the leader, mostly related to sex with under-age girls. See Texas not planning raid to arrest Jeffs for details. While Warren Jeffs is probably relatively powerful for a Mormon fundamentalist, I don't think he is that wealthy. Researcher99 may know. Are there any wealthy polygamists in the US? Nereocystis 18:20, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well Warren Jeffs as the head of the FLDS is also in control of the United Effort Plan, which basically means he owns (owned?) most of Colorado City, AZ. It is a church trust "estimated to be worth in excess of $100 million" . Also, his father, Rulon Jeffs is variously described as "a wealthy businessman," see  for example.  So my thinking is that he is quite wealthy, especially considering the recent construction of the new temple in Eldorado, Texas.  Now he's running from the law, so maybe he's not wealthy any more?--211.55.111.101 20:32, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, the above comment by 211.55.111.101 was from me! --Kewp (t) 20:34, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. If he used the assets to fight the charges, he probably does count as a rich polygamist. Do you know whether he is being charged with polygamy (bigamy, perhaps), or just other charges? Nereocystis 21:03, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * According to the FBI, he faces charges for "sexual conduct with a minor" and "conspiracy to commit sexual conduct with a minor," the second charge was for arranging a marriage between a teenage girl and a 28 year old man who was already married. So no, it wasn't technically for bigamy. --Kewp (t) 21:26, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikibreak, starting October 19 - November 9
I will be away from regular Internet access from about Wednesday, October 19, for about 3 weeks, until about November 9, perhaps a bit sooner. It is unlikely that I will be able to respond during that time. Sorry for the delay. Nereocystis 03:51, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

I'm back now, though with many things in life to catch up on, including Wikipedia. Nereocystis 22:51, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Final decision
The arbitration committee has reached a final decision in the Requests for arbitration/Polygamy case. &rarr;Raul654 02:53, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Polygamy Arbitration
Hello Nereocystis, thanks for your note. I'm glad that I was able to help with the arbitration. I can't believe it's all over... I know what you mean about being out of the mood for editing the polygamy article. I'm on a short wikibreak right now, just having moved back to the United States, but I hope to see you around in a bit!--Kewp (t) 15:56, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Marriage strike
Whoops, thanks for adding that back in. I didn't mean to remove it when I moved the link from the top to the bottom; must have accidentally selected over the text. Anyway, thanks. —Cleared as filed. 16:46, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I had a feeling that it was an accident. I reverted a couple other marriage (conflict) changes on polygamy/polygyny. Nereocystis 16:56, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Early life of Joseph Smith, Jr. -- featured status vote
The Early life of Joseph Smith, Jr. article is now up for featured article status. If you get a chance, please vote here. CO GDEN  22:50, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject LDS
Hello! I noticed you were on the list of members in the LDS WikiProject, and I was wondering if you were still interested in helping out there. You see, over the past few months, it appears that it has slowly drifted into inactivity. But you CAN help. Please consider doing both of the following:

 * 1) Take ONE thing form the To-Do list and do it. Once you're done with it, remove it from the list, and from the< >< >, so we know its done. Keep the page on your watchlist. We have a backlog going for more than half a year. Please help to work on it, and remove it.
 * 2) Vote on the LDSCOTF, and work on it!
 * 3) Tell your friends (esp. LDS friends, & esp. Wikipedian friends) about this WikiProject, and enocourage them to join (and be active).

Remember: your involvement in this WikiProject is just that - involvement! Please help us out.

(Note: I'm sending this out to everyone who's name was on the membership list, so I will NOT be watching this page for a response. If you want to contact me, do it on MY talk page, please.)

Thanks for all that you do -Trevdna 15:50, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Joseph Smith, Jr.
Hi, I am trying to have this article closely looked at by people who aren't members of the LDS church. If you would not mind looking at the NPOV dispute there, and give your thoughts on whether or not the article needs work in this regard, I would really appreciate it. Thanks bcatt 12:39, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Hello there!
I've been reading some of your discussions and it's nice to know there are other ex-Mormons trying to preserve NPOV on articles re: Mormonism and Ex-/Anti-Mormonsism.Dianelowe 02:30, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
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Phoenix iron works
Thanks for creating it. i keep forgetting to, the manholes are all over the place, i figured it was a pretty important foundry.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 07:55, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

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Ceph (software)
Thanks for the correction about banana slugs. Kind of amusing that the source got it wrong. I wonder if any of their readers told them. -- Fyrael (talk) 02:12, 26 April 2018 (UTC)

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LCS (Senior Living) moved to draftspace
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title: User talk:Nereocystis


text:
AGH University of Krakow

AGH University of Krakow, (abbreviated as AGH University; formerly: AGH University of Science and Technology, in short AGH UST) is a public university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1913, its inauguration took place in 1919. The university focuses on innovative technologies, its research profile also includes engineering disciplines, exact sciences, Earth sciences, and social sciences.

The university is one of 10 Polish higher education institutions that has been granted the title of a research university. The university comprises, among other units, 16 faculties, a research centre – the AGH University Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, and other didactic centres and departments. It offers three levels of education: first-cycle, second-cycle, and third-cycle (doctoral schools). The university educates more than 20,000 students and employs almost 2,000 academic staff (including more than 200 professors and more than 500 associate professors).

In international rankings, the AGH University regularly ranks first among Polish technical universities in the Center for World University Rankings or the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

Governance
The Rector is a one-person university body; the university collegial bodies include: University Council, Senate, and Scientific Discipline Councils.

The Rector serves as the executive head of the university, plays a prominent representative role, and acts as the governing body over staff, students, and doctoral students. The Rector has five Vice-Rectors who aid in governing the university.

The University Council comprises six people appointed by the Senate (including three people from outside the academic community) and the chairperson of the student government.

The Senate comprises:

 * Rector as the Chairperson
 * Professors and Associate Professors
 * Academic teachers
 * Non-academic staff
 * Students and doctoral students who constitute, one student for each faculty, and at least one doctoral student's representative.

For a scientific discipline that is classified at least into category B+ (by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education), a Scientific Discipline Council is established. Currently, there are 16 scientific discipline councils at the AGH University.

Rankings

 * The Center for World University Rankings, CWUR (2022–2023 edition) – 1st place among Polish technical universities; world rank: 590th place.
 * ARWU Academic Ranking of World Universities 2021 World Top 1000, Shanghai Ranking (2021 edition) – world rank range: 701–800. 1st place among Polish technical universities.
 * CWTS Leiden Ranking (2021 edition) – global ranking: 520th place, 165th place in Europe. CWTS Leiden Ranking by field (2021 edition) – 1st place among Polish universities in the following fields:    Mathematics and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Engineering.
 * University Ranking by Academic Performance, URAP (2021–2022 edition) – world rank: 633. The ranking includes 3002 higher education institutions from around the world. URAP by field rankings (2020–2021 edition) – Metallurgy Engineering – rank: 94, Mathematical Sciences – rank: 262, Mechanical Engineering – rank: 281.
 * GRAS Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, developed by the team preparing the so-called "Shanghai Ranking" (2021 edition):    Metallurgical Engineering – rank range 151–200 (the only Polish university on the list),     Physics – rank range 201–300 (2nd  place among Polish universities),     Mathematics – rank range 301–400 (2nd  place among Polish technical universities)     Mechanical Engineering – rank range 301–400,     Energy Science and Engineering – rank range 301–400.
 * THE Times Higher Education World University Ranking by subject (2022 edition): Computer Science – rank range: 601–800, Social Sciences – rank range: +601, Business and Economics – rank range: +601, Physical Sciences – rank range: 801–1000, Engineering – rank range: 801–1000.

Research University
In 2019, the AGH University received the title of a research university. The laureates of the project titled Initiative for Excellence – Research University, launched by the Polish Ministry of Science and Education, are the 10 best Polish higher education institutions.

ABET accreditation
In 2017, the first- and second-cycle Mechatronic Engineering programmes of study at the AGH University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, with English as the language of instruction, received ABET accreditation. The AGH University was able to obtain accreditation as the first university in Poland and one of a few in Europe.

ENAEE accreditation
Four first- and second-cycle programmes of study at the AGH University received accreditation from the European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education, namely, Mining Engineering at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, Technical Computer Science, Materials Engineering, and Metallurgy at the Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science.

International cooperation
The university has concluded more than 280 general agreements on cooperation with higher education institutions around the world. The AGH University has partners in more than 60 countries.

The AGH University participates in international programmes, such as Erasmus+, Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD), SMILE, CEEPUS, T.I.M.E., VULCANUS in Japan, HUSTEP, SIT, NAWA, and Spinaker.

The university is a member of the following international organisations: ACRU, EUA, IAU, SEFI, AEUA, KMM-VIN AISBL, C-MAC NSU NPO, T.I.M.E., Magalhaes Network, EIT InnoEnergy, CEEPUS, UNIVERSEH (the European Space University for Earth and Humanity), IROs Forum, SPIRE, and UN Global Compact.

Business cooperation
Cooperation with the economic sector, higher education institutions, and research institutes, as well as participation in Polish and international scientific and industrial consortia allows the AGH University to carry out numerous projects and implement them to the market. Annually, the university concludes about 100 contracts, letters of intent, and agreements on cooperation with industry, central administration, and business environment institutions. Additionally, the AGH University implements about 1,000 research and development contracts annually, among which more than 75% are commissioned by industry.

The innovative potential of the AGH University is based on its intellectual property, which is expressed in the number of obtained patents, trademarks, and utility models, as well as the know-how and experience of its scientists and students. Each year, the university obtains nearly 100 patents and grants several dozens of licenses.

Campus
The AGH University Campus is located in the centre of Krakow. All teaching facilities, seats of faculties, administration, and student organisations, as well as the largest in Poland AGH University Student Campus, together with student clubs and sports and recreation facilities constitute a compact 40-hectare hub.

The Main Building (A-0) was erected between 1923 and 1935. The winning building design was presented at a competition organised in 1913 and won by an architect from Krakow – Sławomir Odrzywolski. After the First World War, the project served as a starting point, and Wacław Krzyżanowski was asked to cooperate thereon; he designed the façade and the interior of the building. The monumental edifice serves as a perfect example of academic classicism in Poland, in style during the 1920s. Currently, the building houses the university's central authorities and administration, the Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, and the Geological Museum.

With the development of the university after the war, the campus began to grow. A prospective construction plan of the AGH University, aimed at expanding its premises, was initiated by Professor Walery Goetel and continued throughout the following decades.

In 1964, construction of the student campus began. To date, it remains the largest academic settlement of this kind in Poland. Its designer was Professor Tomasz Mańkowski. Until the end of 1979, 21 student dormitories were erected.

The beginning of the 21st century marks an intense expansion of the entire campus. More than a dozen modern buildings were constructed, and the numerous existing ones have been extended or modernised.

AGH University Main Library

The Main Library of AGH University is the largest technical library in Krakow and one of the largest in Poland.

The library was established in the academic year 1921–22 and its initial loci were 18 Loretańska Street and subsequently 7 Smoleńsk Street. In 1929, the library collection was transferred to a room within the newly built main building of the Mining Academy at 30 Mickiewicza Avenue. In 1938, the book collection amounted to more than 17,000 volumes. During World War II, the collection was deposited at the Jagiellonian Library. Despite the prohibition introduced by the General Government administration, the books were secretly lent out to MA students and employees. After the war, the collection, reduced by 25%, returned to the main building of the academy.

In 1966, a new free-standing library building was opened, erected due to the efforts of Władysław Piasecki, the library head. Since then, the library has begun to develop dynamically. As a result of launching new programmes of study at the Mining Academy, the library's book collection grew and its thematic scope broadened.

In the 1990s, the library underwent digitalisation. Between 1996 and 1999, the interior was renovated and in 2010, the façade of the main library building was modernised, and the decision was taken to expand it and completely remodel it. The modernised building was made available in 2014.

Currently, the library collection has more than 900,000 volumes including books, journals, and special items. Furthermore, the library's collection, in addition to printed materials, also includes access to Polish and foreign databases, online journals and e-books.

Laboratories
The AGH University has more than 800 laboratories equipped with state-of-the-art apparatus, including the transmission electron microscope Titan Cubed G-2 60-300, devices requiring the so-called clean room conditions, nanotechnology and material nanodiagnostics equipment, a computed tomography scanner to study construction materials, an electron microprobe Jeol SuperProbe JXA-8230 that facilitates the determination of elemental contents from boron to uranium in all kinds of solid substances, mass spectrometers, diffractometers, 3D printers for prototype creation, numerous appliances for environmental tests, microscopes for microstructure parameter analyses and measurements, as well as various types of laboratory installations (including a fully functional production line in the Industry 4.0 Laboratory or a singing Tesla coil in the High Voltage Laboratory). The AGH University has one of the quietest places in Poland – an anechoic chamber, as well as the Experimental Mine, which is unique in Poland and one of the few such research and educational laboratories in Europe, and also serves as a museum.

Green areas and an outdoor gallery
The green spaces and garden squares of the campus constitute an outdoor gallery. It features, for example, sculptures of Bronisław Chromy, a Krakow artist, sculptures of students from the Faculty of Sculpture of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, as well as natural creations – glacial erratics. Moreover, campus premises abound in industrial machines related to the development of technological thought and research activity of respective faculties.

AGH University Student Campus
The Miasteczko Studenckie AGH, which spans about 13 ha, is an integral part of the university campus and remains the largest student settlement in Poland. The 20 student houses offer more than 7,500 beds to students.

The campus comprises student clubs, a swimming pool with a gym and bowling alley, and sports fields.

Student clubs:

 * Academic Cultural Centre, Klub STUDIO – one of the largest concert clubs in Poland
 * Klub Zaścianek
 * Klub Gwarek
 * Klub Filutek

Efforts to establish the Mining Academy
The efforts to establish a Polish mining school in Krakow and to appoint suitable teaching staff began in the second half of the 19th century and intensified when Galicia gained autonomy in 1860. This endeavour involved Polish engineers – miners and metallurgists, Galician representatives, and Krakow authorities. Concentrated diplomatic action was taken in Vienna to win the favour of the Austrian government.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of prominent engineers and mining activists, led by engineer Jan Zarański, went to great lengths to obtain approval for establishing a higher education institution in Krakow to educate mining engineers. These efforts were successful, and on 10 July 1912, Krakow authorities received a permit to open an academy.

1913 – institution of the Mining Academy
In April 1913, the Ministry of Civil Engineering in Vienna appointed the Organising Committee of the Mining Academy in Krakow, chaired by Professor Józef Morozewicz.

The document that confirmed the establishment of a higher school of mining in Krakow was signed on 31 May 1913, by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

The outbreak of World War I made it impossible to inaugurate the first academic year of the newly established academy in October 1914. The minutes from a conference at the President of Krakow, Juliusz Leo, contain a footnote related to the Mining Academy. A magistrate official, probably reorganising documents, wrote an additional note at the bottom of one of them that said: ‘Due to the outbreak of war, the Mining Academy was not opened, the whole matter being postponed to more peaceful times, 21st March 2015.’

1919 – the opening of the academy

When Poland regained its independence in 1918, the Organising Committee of the Mining Academy in Krakow recommenced its work.

On 8 April 1919, the Council of Ministers put forward an official motion to establish and open the Mining Academy in Krakow. On 1 May 1919, the first six professors of the Mining Academy were appointed.

On 20 October 1919, Józef Piłsudski officiated a celebratory inauguration of the Mining Academy in the main hall of the Jagiellonian University.

Polish-Soviet War
Students of the Mining Academy took active part in the Polish-Soviet war in 1920. These events were described by Professor Antoni Hoborski: ‘our youth submitted to voluntary conscription, which I witnessed; then, on the 19th day of July 1920, they all went to their camps (only 6 were deemed unfit for military service)’.

Development in the interwar period

On 15 June 1923, with the participation of the contemporary President of the Republic of Poland, Stanisław Wojciechowski, and numerous representatives of the world of science and mining industry, the cornerstone of the new main building of the academy was laid.

In 1925, the design of the Mining Academy emblem was created. It had the initials B.T. (Bogdan Treter) on it. It was probably approved by the General Assembly of Professors.

From September 1929 to March 1930, the main building was gradually filled with departments and central administration of the academy. In 1935, the building was officially and ceremonially blessed.

The academy has quickly achieved a high-quality level of education, assuming its place among the best mining schools in Europe. Moreover, since its inauguration, the academy has cooperated closely with industry, according to its resources and capabilities, and maintained connections with the Polish economy.

The Main Building of the Mining Academy assumed its final shape shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The construction is a perfect example of academic classicism, in style in the 1920s in Poland, which constitutes a manifestation of the power and might of the reborn Polish state. The façade decoration was complemented by monumental statues of miners and metallurgists. The figures were made in 1935 by the sculptor Jan Raszka. On 24 August 1939, the top of the building was crowned with the statue of Saint Barbara made by Stefan Zbigniewicz.

At its two faculties, the Faculty of Mining and the Faculty of Metallurgy, in the interwar period, the Mining Academy had educated 792 engineers, many of whom later held high positions in Polish industry and higher education.

World War II
The Nazi German invasion of Poland in September 1939 brought the university to a halt. On 6 September, Krakow was seized by German troops. They began to loot and plunder the university property, and reorganise the Main Building of the Mining Academy to house the Regierung des Generalgouvernements (General Government administration). In 1940, the statue of Saint Barbara was thrown off the top of the main building and shattered to pieces.

Sonderaktion Krakau
On 6 September 1939, a general assembly of Jagiellonian University professors was called to inform them about the policy of German authorities on science and education. On this day at noon, in room 66 of the JU Collegium Novum, professors and lecturers gathered numerously. The building was surrounded by the Gestapo and the meeting participants were arrested. Among the detainees were also Mining Academy professors who had attended another meeting in the boardroom of the JU Faculty of Philosophy. 183 people were imprisoned, among them professors, associate professors, and assistants from both universities, as well as many other people outside the academic community.

The arrested were detained at the prison at Montelupich Street in Krakow and subsequently transferred to the barracks at Mazowiecka Street. Later, they were transported to a prison in Wrocław and finally to the concentration camp in Sachsenhausen.

The concentration camp took the lives of the following:
 * Professor Antoni Hoborski – first Mining Academy rector (1920–1922),
 * Professor Władysław Takliński – Mining Academy rector (1933–1939),
 * Antoni Meyer, DSc – head of the MA Faculty of Mining Department of Legal Theory (1932–1939).

Others who remained in the camp were Andrzej Bolewski, Stanisław Gołąb, and Julian Kamecki. They were transported to the concentration camp in Dachau and released only in the last quarter of 1940. Releasing the professors was possible due to a united protest action of world scientific communities.

Mining Academy employees as victims of the Katyn massacre
Among the victims murdered by the NKVD on the territory of the Soviet Union between April and May 1940 were three Mining Academy employees:
 * Zygmunt Mitera, DSc – Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Mining (murdered in the so-called Kharkov camp),
 * Tadeusz Ramza, Eng – Senior Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Mining (shot in the back of the head during the liquidation of the prison camp of Polish officers in Starobielsk),
 * Augustyn Jelonek – Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Metallurgy (shot in the back of the head during the liquidation of the prison camp of Polish officers in Starobielsk).

Forced by the Germans, but with the consent of the Polish government in London and the Polish Underground State, in 1943, more than a dozen Poles went to Katyn, including the writer Ferdynand Goetel (secretary of the Mining Academy between 1920 and 1925, brother of Professor Walery Goetel). The committees corroborated that the massacre of Polish officers was executed by the Soviets. After the war, Ferdynand Goetel was to the Soviets one of the most inconvenient witnesses of the Katyn massacre.

Education during the war
Thanks to the generosity and dedication of the Mining Academy employees, the collection of the MA Main Library was safely deposited in the Jagiellonian Library. Academy activities had to go underground, and the governance attempted to reclaim or establish makeshift teaching venues and educational materials.

With the consent of the occupier, in 1940, a State School of Mining, Metallurgy, and Measurement (Staatlische Fachschule für Berg- Hütten- und Vermessungwesen) was established with Polish as the language of instruction. Professor Walery Goetel took the position of the head teacher; other professors from the closed Mining Academy became teachers. Both professors and assistants were also involved in underground education, lecturing, and teaching classes for academic students. During the underground schooling action, 278 examinations and 16 diploma exams took place.

After World War II
In 1947, by virtue of an important resolution, the academy was renamed Academy of Mining and Metallurgy (Polish: Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, AGH). Formal approval of this change by the central authorities came only in 1949.

Professor Walery Goetel, who promoted a far-reaching development plan, initiated the expansion of the academy. His plan was carried out and implemented in the following decades. During the authoritarian times of the Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Republika Ludowa, PRL), the academic and educational profile of the academy was adjusted to the needs of industry, and the university itself thrived, as no other higher education institution at that time. In 1969, the academy received a patron – Stanisław Staszic. It was also when the academy obtained its banner.

On 14 December 1981, the AGH academic community, under the banner of the ‘Solidarity’ Movement, took a stand and protested against suppressing – by introducing martial law – the newly acquired sense of freedom and fellowship. The AGH NSZZ ‘Solidarity’ was an academic organisation, the only one in Krakow and one of three in the country, that organised sit-down strikes in the first days of the martial law.

Since the 1990s, the academy has been developing programmes of study that chart out technological advancement, such as control engineering and robotics, computer science, electronics and telecommunications, biomedical engineering, and mechatronics.

In 1999, the top of the AGH Main Building was once again crowned with a reconstructed statue of Saint Barbara, made by Jan Siek. The figure was blessed on 17 June 1999, by pope John Paul II during his sixth pilgrimage to Poland (5–17 June 1999).

In relation to a debate on the change of the academy name in 2003, it has been decided that the English translation of the name will be: AGH University of Science and Technology. However, there are many documents, books, research papers etc. in English that still use the literal translation of the university name in Polish.

In the academic year 2006–2007, the AGH UST implemented a new Visual Identity System, including a new sign identifying the university.

In 2023, the university Senate decided that the name AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST) will be changed into AGH University of Krakow (AGH University).

In the 21st century, the university has experienced extensive expansion. The campus premises have gained more than a dozen new buildings, and numerous existing objects have been modernised.

Emblem
The AGH University emblem shows a stylised eagle with a crown, head turned right, and a shield with Hammer and Pick (symbol of mining), as well as AGH University initials.

The present version of the emblem was designed on the basis of a drawing made in 1925 by Bogdan Treter. The AGH University emblem ought to be used exclusively to promote the history and scientific legacy of the university.

Graphic symbol
The AGH University graphic symbol is the only sign used for everyday visual identification of the university. It has replaced the AGH University emblem in this role. The ideogram represents a stylised eagle, which is an allusion to the university emblem. In its coloured version, the ideogram has three colours.

Colors
AGH University colors are green, black and red in reference to the tradition of mining and metallurgy. Green being a symbol of nature, black symbolizing mines, prudence and wisdom and red being a symbol of fire and molten iron.

Mining Ceremonies
Barbórka (English: St. Barbara's day) is a mining holiday, deeply embedded in the AGH University tradition, drawing on the customs of old Austrian mining schools, which were transplanted onto the Krakow soil by the university professors. Each year, on 4 December, Pochód lisów (English: March of the Foxes) – a mining procession parades through the streets of Krakow. ‘Foxes’ are newly admitted students who enter the mining tribe. On this day, in St. Anna's Collegiate Church a ceremonial mass is said. The highlight of the celebration is held in the Assembly Hall. Subsequently, in the Main Hall, the traditional skok przez skórę (English: leather jump) takes place, which consists in jumping over the miner's apron (a short leather apron traditionally worn to protect the miners’ clothing as they sat or knelt while working). For first-year mining and geology students, the jump constitutes a rite of acceptance as a miner. The celebration is accompanied by the recurrent Mining Division Student Research Clubs Conference and the International Exhibition and Trade Fair of Minerals, Fossils, and Jewellery. The culmination of the celebration is the annual meeting of the gwarki (English: guilds).

Metallurgy Ceremonies
Another remarkable celebration held at the AGH University is the Metallurgist's Day. The way in which it is celebrated is very similar to the mining ceremonies. The event takes place annually in May, and in addition to the official ceremonies in the Assembly Hall, the programme includes, among other things, the Metallurgy Division Student Research Clubs Conference and an academic conference. Metallurgical traditions, which are nurtured at the university, include the Metallurgist's Vowing ceremony, which takes place in the Main Hall of the AGH University Main Building. Traditionally, the celebration is accompanied by a meeting of academic staff and students during the so-called karczma hutnicza (English: metallurgy tavern).

Hoborski Science Days
Each year, in October, the AGH University holds Science Holidays – better known as Hoborski Science Days. The event aims to popularise science and its technical applications, simultaneously commemorating the figure of Professor Antoni Hoborski, a prominent Polish mathematician, the first rector of the Mining Academy.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: AGH University of Krakow


text:
Talk:Kernel panic

This Link seems to be broken: http://resource.intel.com/telecom/support/tnotes/tnbyos/2000/tn062.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.108.138.54 (talk) 14:06, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Why the redirect? Windows BSOD has its own page. Compie 10:19, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Because no-one has written a more specific article yet. If there is enough information available, please do so. T.P.K. 10:12, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Remove references to OSX?
I don't think there should be a mention of OSX. "It Just Works", so obviously someone is just making up a rumor about Macs crashing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.8.147.178 (talk) 00:31, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I have been dealing with an iMac that has a Kernel Panic… your statement is false sir. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.167.89.82 (talk) 19:15, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's definitely false. There are places to show how peeved you are about people saying "Macs don't crash", but Talk:Kernel panic isn't one of them. Guy Harris (talk) 19:30, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

Kernel panic of death
Anonymous user from 82.182.82.20 (Talk) cut-pasted and redirected this article to "Kernel panic of death" (diff). I reverted it, however, since it was unexplained and I doubt that's the correct term to use. Mysid ( talk ) 12:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Late to the game, but... that would be a very odd usage indeed. Haikupoet 03:22, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

kernel panic linux
i have a mandrake on qemu.Just tell me how i have to fuck up the kernel in order to have a nice kernel panic.--Pixel ;-) 16:15, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

set init as an unusable ELF binary ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.63.229.70 (talk • contribs)

"Invincible" OS X
So, the "Mighty" OS X is vulnerable? in your face, Windows bashers! (comment made back when i was 50% more biased towards mac. Now i'm only Biased towards their commercials.) system 6-9 on, Maiq the liar 22:47, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Go back and re-read your Gödel, Escher, Bach. It's impossible to make a 100% invulnerable OS. (Really.) :-)
 * (And here's a memorable short story: "The Stopping Problem", by John Reilly - ) -- Writtenonsand (talk) 12:10, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Picture
We need a better picture! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.6.156.190 (talk • contribs)

Merge with Screens of Death?
I'm curious as to why this page contains the tag to merge it with the screens of death; kernel panic seems to be the more technical term for that, so shouldn't screens of death be merged into kernel panic, rather than the other way around?? Of course, I say this thinking that all screens of death result from kernel panic. QuantumAmyrillis (talk) 20:29, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

 * "Kernel panic" is terminology specific to UNIX and UNIX-like OSs. "Screens of death" are more generic and can be associated with other OSs and embedded systems. I don't see the need to merge. Letdorf (talk) 09:26, 29 July 2008 (UTC).

 * Oppose merging, it's not a "screen", it's a whole concept. Adamantios (talk) 19:12, 2 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose, same as Adamantios. --arny (talk) 03:32, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Control-Alt-Delete after a panic
Why can't one Control-Alt-Delete after a kernel panic? Why must we walk over to the box and press the reset button instead? Jidanni (talk) 00:39, 11 June 2009 (UTC) echo 10 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic
 * You would have to talk to Linus about that. It's an OS function and I think it's actually trapped by the GUI if you're running X. Haikupoet (talk) 05:10, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
 * At risk of talking about the subject, not the article, for Linux if you use
 * the kernel will try to reboot the machine 10 seconds after it panics . Failing that, Alt-SysRq-b might work, see Magic_SysRq_key. X blocks Ctrl-Alt-Delete, if X crashes, or the kernel crashes when X is running then Ctrl-Alt-Delete remains blocked. CS Miller (talk) 14:55, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

So that you have an opportunity to see the panic stack on the console. It doesn't always get logged, for example if the issue is in the disk subsystem. Yworo (talk) 16:06, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Regarding the Mac bit, seriously
Why is OSX mentioned at all? It falls under the Unix/Unix-like OS category mentioned at the start. The information in that section strikes me as completely irrelevant, and could be added for any Unix OS. 130.88.254.61 (talk) 23:51, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Mac OS X has a distinctive visual indication of a kernel panic which is quite different from the typical console output in other kinds of Unix. Regards, Letdorf (talk) 12:34, 18 November 2010 (UTC).

Snow Leopard
I have recently got a kernel panic in snow leapord (10.6.6) and it looks completely different from the leapard one. It was white text on black and overwrote the top left part of my screen.(like this) It also contained more diagnostic information and was only in English. The gray box with the instructions to restart seems to not appear every time (google)--Walkerm930 (talk) 03:48, 20 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The kernel panic message in your picture is not specific to 10.6: I've seen similar in 10.5 and Apple's support article about panics also depicts a similar display for 10.0 to 10.1.5. It would seem that sometimes a panic will result in the "You need to restart your computer" box, and sometimes you just get the raw Darwin console output overwriting the screen like in your photo. Regards, Letdorf (talk) 23:16, 20 January 2011 (UTC).

 * You probably have the "Disable graphical panic dialog" flag set in the NVRAM debugging flags; that's a useful flag for people doing kernel development. See Apple's list of NVRAM debugging flags. Guy Harris (talk) 19:18, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I've had this exact problem. I got a kernel panic, just by starting safari after a boot, and it had the same black text on the top left of the screen. 70.196.4.168 (talk) 15:30, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

What does "not syncing" mean in kernel panics?
What exactly does "not syncing" mean in a kernel panic? — Preceding unsigned comment added by William Pina (talk • contribs) 02:11, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

 * It presumably means "not syncing", i.e. not writing out data in kernel file system buffers to the file system. As the article indicates in the example Version 6 Unix panic code, it, at least, would always sync out that data when panicking. Guy Harris (talk) 02:50, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001035/http://fixunix.com/sgi/111387-panic-init-died-why%3D3-what%3D0xb.html to http://fixunix.com/sgi/111387-panic-init-died-why%3D3-what%3D0xb.html

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 * Worked, but the forum post it links to says nothing about init terminating causing a kernel panic, it just points to a USENET posting that does say something about that, so I replaced it with a citation that points directly to the USENET posting. Guy Harris (talk) 04:40, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Article too Technical for Average User
The technical nature of this page far exceeds the comprehension of an average Wikipedia user. I came here via Google’s top hit for the search “what is a kernel panic”. If I have to ask this question in the first place, it indicates my lack of technical knowledge. Either this page needs to be dumbed down, or a less technical companion page needs to be added for the average user.

This probably is not the correct place to add this comment, but I’ve searched the mobile app in vain for a place to enter a general comment. Jules820 (talk) 22:19, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

 * The correct place to add a comment, general or otherwise, about an article is on its talk page, so this is the correct place to add it.

 * The article answers the question "what is a kernel panic?". It's a technical concept, and explaining what it really means requires at least some level of technical understanding.  The lede - i.e., the part that comes before the individual sections - is the place where the less-technical explanation would go; perhaps we could simplify the first paragraph of the lede, but eventually the article should get into technical details.

 * If somebody searches for "what is a kernel panic" because they're curious what it means, this is the right place. If they're searching for it because they want to know what to do about a kernel panic on their machine, that's a topic better addressed somewhere other than Wikipedia. Guy Harris (talk) 00:56, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

macOS 13 Ventura new kernel panic message
As I was scrolling over different macOS kernel panic messages on Google Images, I discovered a new kernel panic message where the second instance of the word "a" for the English message was replaced with "any". The text in the German translation was also revised, and the standby symbol behind the text was shrunk. This kernel panic message probably belongs to macOS Ventura and later versions, but I have found no evidence to confirm that that particular KP reboot message is also used in the current macOS release, macOS Sonoma. Here is a comparison:

203.132.95.136 (talk) 03:39, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * OS X 10.8-macOS 12:
 * English: "Your computer restarted because of a problem. Press a key or wait a few seconds to continue starting up."
 * German: „Ihr Computer wurde aufgrund eines Problems neu gestartet. Drücken Sie zum Fortfahren eine Taste oder warten Sie einige Sekunden.”
 * '''macOS 13 and later (probably):
 * English: "Your computer restarted because of a problem. Press any key or wait a few seconds to continue starting up."
 * German: „Dein Computer wurde wegen eines Problems neu gestartet. Drücke eine Taste oder warte einige Sekunden, um fortzufahren.”

“Recurring kernel panic”
I don’t think that there is such a thing, as there is almost no proof or citations on the internet. 89.242.146.181 (talk) 13:07, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kernel panic


text:
Calochortus

Calochortus is a genus of flowering plants in the lily family. The group includes herbaceous, perennial and bulbous species, all native to North America (primarily the Western United States).

The genus Calochortus includes mariposas (or mariposa lilies) with open wedge-shaped petals, globe lilies and fairy lanterns with globe-shaped flowers, and cat's ears and star tulips with erect pointed petals. The word Calochortus is derived from Greek and means "beautiful grass".

Description
Calochortus flowers have six tepals. Unlike most other Liliaceae, Calochortus tepals are in two series that differ in size and color. The outer three are generally narrower and more sepal-like, while the inner three are larger, usually with bright marks at the base, and are often described as petals. The flowers are borne on a stem that arises from a bulb, generally in the spring or early summer. Flowers can be white, yellow, pink, purple, bluish, or streaked. The insides of the petals are often very 'hairy'. These hairs, along with the nectaries, are often used in distinguishing species from each other.

 * Species
 * Calochortus albus white globelily - CA, Baja California
 * Calochortus amabilis Diogenes' lantern - CA
 * Calochortus ambiguus doubting mariposa lily - UT AZ NM Sonora
 * Calochortus amoenus purple globelily - CA
 * Calochortus apiculatus pointed-tip mariposa lily - British Columbia, Alberta, WA OR ID MT WY
 * Calochortus argillosus - CA
 * Calochortus aureus golden mariposa lily - UT CO AZ NM
 * Calochortus balsensis - Oaxaca, Guerrero
 * Calochortus barbatus yellow globe lily - from Chihuahua to Oaxaca
 * Calochortus bruneaunis Bruneau mariposa lily - CA OR NV UT ID MT
 * Calochortus catalinae Santa Catalina mariposa lily — (threatened by development) CA
 * Calochortus cernuus - Morelos
 * Calochortus ciscoensis - UT
 * Calochortus clavatus club-hair mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus clavatus var. avius -rare,
 * Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis
 * Calochortus clavatus ssp. clavatus
 * Calochortus clavatus ssp. pallidus
 * Calochortus clavatus ssp. recurvifolius — rare
 * Calochortus coeruleus beavertail grass - CA
 * Calochortus concolor golden-bowl mariposa lily - CA, Baja California
 * Calochortus coxii Cox's mariposa lily - OR
 * Calochortus dunnii Dunn's mariposa lily — rare - CA, Baja California
 * Calochortus elegans northwestern mariposa lily; star tulip - CA OR WA ID MT
 * Calochortus elegans var. elegans elegant mariposa lily
 * Calochortus elegans var. nanus
 * Calochortus elegans var. oreophilus elegant mariposa lily
 * Calochortus elegans var. selwayensis Selway mariposa lily
 * Calochortus eurycarpus white mariposa lily - OR WA NV ID MT WY
 * Calochortus excavatus Inyo mariposa lily — (threatened by groundwater development) - CA
 * Calochortus exilis - Hidalgo
 * Calochortus fimbriatus late-blooming mariposa lily — rare - CA
 * Calochortus flexuosus winding mariposa lily - CA NV UT CO AZ NM Baja California, Sonora
 * Calochortus foliosus - Michoacán
 * Calochortus fuscus - Mexico
 * Calochortus greenei Green's mariposa lily — rare - CA OR
 * Calochortus ghiesbreghtii - Mexico, Guatemala
 * Calochortus gunnisonii Gunnison's mariposa lily - ID MT WY SD NE CO UT AZ NM
 * Calochortus gunnisonii var. gunnisonii
 * Calochortus gunnisonii var. perpulcher
 * Calochortus hartwegii - Aguascalientes, Nayarit, Jalisco
 * Calochortus howellii Howell's mariposa lily - OR
 * †Calochortus indecorus Sexton Mountain mariposa lily - OR - extinct
 * Calochortus invenustus plain mariposa lily - CA NV
 * Calochortus kennedyi desert mariposa lily - CA NV AZ Sonora, Chihuahua
 * Calochortus kennedyi var. kennedyi
 * Calochortus kennedyi var. munzii
 * Calochortus leichtlinii smokey mariposa - CA NV OR
 * Calochortus longibarbatus longbeard mariposa lily - CA OR WA
 * Calochortus longibarbatus var. longibarbatus — (threatened by grazing)
 * Calochortus longibarbatus var. peckii
 * Calochortus luteus yellow mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus lyallii Lyall's mariposa lily - WA, British Columbia
 * Calochortus macrocarpus sagebrush mariposa lily - CA NV OR WA ID MT, British Columbia
 * Calochortus macrocarpus var. macrocarpus
 * Calochortus macrocarpus var. maculosus Nez Perce mariposa lily
 * Calochortus marcellae - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Tamaulipas
 * Calochortus mendozae - Querétaro, San Luis Potosí
 * Calochortus minimus Sierran mariposa lily - CA
 * †Calochortus monanthus Shasta River mariposa lily — CA (presumed extinct)
 * Calochortus monophyllus yellow startulip - CA OR
 * Calochortus nigrescens - Oaxaca
 * Calochortus nitidus broad-fruit mariposa lily - WA OR ID
 * Calochortus nudus naked mariposa lily - CA OR
 * Calochortus nuttallii sego lily, (state flower of Utah) - ND SD NE MT ID CO UT NV AZ NM
 * Calochortus obispoensis San Luis mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus palmeri Palmer's mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus palmeri var. munzii Munz's mariposa lily
 * Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri — rare
 * Calochortus panamintensis Panamint Mountain mariposa lily — rare ca NV
 * Calochortus persistens Siskiyou mariposa lily — rare - CA OR
 * Calochortus plummerae Plummer's mariposa lily — rare - CA
 * Calochortus pringlei - Morelos, Puebla, Jalisco, Oaxaca
 * Calochortus pulchellus Mount Diablo globelily - CA
 * Calochortus raichei Cedars mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus simulans San Luis Obispo mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus spatulatus - Mexico
 * Calochortus splendens splendid mariposa lily - CA, Baja California
 * Calochortus striatus alkali mariposa lily - CA NV
 * Calochortus subalpinus subalpine mariposa lily, Cascade mariposa lily, cat's ear lily - WA OR
 * Calochortus superbus superb mariposa - CA
 * Calochortus syntrophus Callahan's mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus tiburonensis Tiburon mariposa - CA
 * Calochortus tolmiei Tolmie's star-tulip, hairy pussy ears - CA OR WA
 * Calochortus umbellatus Oakland mariposa lily - CA
 * Calochortus umpquaensis Umpqua mariposa lily - OR
 * Calochortus uniflorus mariposa 'Cupido' - CA OR
 * Calochortus venustulus - Mexico
 * Calochortus venustus butterfly mariposa, white mariposa - CA
 * Calochortus vestae Vesta's mariposa, Coast Range mariposa - CA
 * Calochortus weedii Weed's mariposa - CA, Baja Calilfornia
 * Calochortus westonii Shirley Meadow star-tulip, Weston's mariposa - CA

Distribution and habitat
The genus Calochortus includes approximately 70 species distributed from southwestern British Columbia, through California and Mexico, to northern Guatemala and eastwards to New Mexico, Nebraska and the Dakotas. Calochortus is the most widely dispersed genus of Liliaceae on the North American Pacific Coast. Of these, 28 species are endemic to California.

In 1998, T.B. Patterson conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus, dividing it into seven main clades (see Subdivision update below). The study indicated highly localized speciation, so that different floral syndromes were strongly linked to specific habitats, as follows:
 * Mariposas: dry grasslands, open chaparral, semideserts
 * Star-tulips: wet meadows
 * Cat's ears: montane woodlands
 * Fairy lanterns: oak woodlands, closed forests.

History
Calochortus was first proposed in 1814 by Frederick Pursh to accommodate a specimen—C. elegans—received from the Lewis and Clark expedition. In the 1800s, several species were added to the genus; however, much mistakes in naming conventions led to confusion and minimal knowledge gained by the end of the century.

In 1940, Francis Marion Ownbey wrote a comprehensive monograph on Calochortus, referencing morphological evidence, geographical distribution, and his own study of cytological material. Ownbey proposed a treatment dividing Calochortus into three sections (later corroborated by J.M. Beal ):

 * 1) Eucalochortus
 * 2) * Ten basic chromosomes and two known cases of tetraploidy
 * 3) * Includes subsections Pulchelli, Eleganti, Nudi, Nitidi
 * 4) Mariposa
 * 5) * Basic chromosome numbers between six and nine
 * 6) * Includes subsections Venusti, Macrocarpi, Nuttalliani, Gunnisoniani
 * 7) Cyclobothra
 * 8) * Nine basic chromosomes
 * 9) * Includes subsection Weediani

In 1985, F.N. Rasmussen developed a new treatment splitting Calochortus from Liliaceae, moving it into a separate family—Calochortaceae—based on chromosomal evidence, septicidal fruit, and a Polygonum type embryo sac formation. Rasmussen found that the basic chromosome numbers of Calochortus vary between seven and twenty.

Subdivision update
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Thomas B. Patterson and Thomas J. Givnish gathered additional evidence to create a new Calochortus treatment, subdividing it into seven sections and providing reasoning behind Calochortus being separate from Liliaceae. In 1999, Patterson used cpDNA (specifically rbcL and ndhF sequences) isolated from frozen or silica dried leaf tissue to develop a molecular phylogeny, finding that Calochortus should be divided into seven major clades based on geographic location:

 * Bay Area
 * Pacific Northwest
 * San Diego
 * Great Basin- Rocky Mountains
 * Coast Ranges- Sierra Nevada
 * Southwestern California
 * Central Mexico

Patterson also determined at the time that concerted convergence and phylogenetic niche conservatism may have confounded the idea that Calochortaceae (Calochortus) and Liliaceae are closely related. In 2002, Patterson and Givnish expanded on these arguments, showing that concerted convergence was demonstrated through independent evolution of characteristics such as bulbs and showy flowers and the distinct differences of these appearing as a result of survival in specific habitats. Regarding phylogenetic niche conservatism, Patterson and Givnish make the argument that this phenomenon is present in the plesiomorphic characteristics of rhizomes, inconspicuous flowers, berries, broad leaves, and reticulate venation.

In 2004, Patterson and Givnish made the shift to lump Calochortus within Liliaceae within their paper per the recommendations of Bremer et al. (2003) and Bremer, Chase, and Stevens (1998). Using similar DNA collection techniques to Patterson (1999), Patterson and Givnish developed a more detailed molecular phylogeny, comparing the seven recently determined sections to Ownbey's original three and finding that Ownbey's Eucalochortus section is monophyletic, Mariposa is paraphyletic, and Cyclobothra is polyphyletic. As a result of their research, Patterson and Givnish (2004) found that the two main factors of Calochortus speciation are:

 * 1) Poor dispersal caused by heavy, passively dispersed seeds
 * 2) Chromosomal evolution allowing different clades to “double up” and radiate sympatrically without hybridizing

Serpentine tolerance
Within Calochortus, almost one-third of species are characterized by ultramafic (form serpentine soils) habitat preferences or specific edaphic requirements, with several being endemic to their environments. Thus, scientists have used serpentine tolerance in understanding evolutionary relationships within the genus. For instance, Patterson and Givnish (2004) created a serpentine tolerance phylogeny. 18 serpentine tolerant species were found (classified by occurring in whole or in part on serpentine soils) and the largest presence of tolerance was found in the Bay Area and Pacific Northwest clades—areas with unusually high numbers of serpentine rocks at the Earth's surface. In addition, Patterson and Givnish (2004) found that 11 out of 18 species displayed only two origins of serpentine tolerance in evolutionary history.

Culinary
The bulbs of many species were eaten by Native Americans. These bulbs were eaten raw or gathered in the fall and boiled, and the flower buds when young and fresh. They were eaten by the Mormon settlers between 1853 and 1858 when famine threatened new immigrants in the Great Salt Lake Valley, due to crop failures. The bulbs are a starchy food source similar to a potato tuber.

Native Americans called Calochortus "sego". They used it as food, in ceremonies and as a traditional medicinal plant.

Cultivation
Some Calochortus species are cultivated as ornamental plants by specialty nurseries and botanic gardens to sell. The bulbs are planted for their flowers, in traditional, native plant, and wildlife gardens; in rock gardens; and in potted container gardens for those needing unwatered Summer dormancy.

title: Calochortus


text:
Jimmy Calderwood

James Calderwood (born 28 February 1955) is a Scottish former football player and manager. Calderwood played for Birmingham City and Dutch clubs Sparta Rotterdam, Willem II Tilburg, Roda JC and Heracles Almelo. After retiring as a player, Calderwood stayed in the Netherlands and became a coach, becoming a manager of Willem II Tilburg and NEC Nijmegen.

He returned to his native Scotland in 1999 to become manager of Dunfermline Athletic, guiding them to the 2004 Scottish Cup Final. Calderwood left Dunfermline that summer to become manager of Aberdeen, a position he held for five seasons. Aberdeen performed relatively well in the SPL under Calderwood and reached the last 32 of the 2007–08 UEFA Cup, but suffered a number of domestic cup defeats by lower league opponents. He then had brief stints with Kilmarnock and Ross County, helping each club retain their league status. Calderwood returned to the Netherlands in March 2012, with Go Ahead Eagles.

In January 2014, Calderwood spent just under a month as manager of De Graafschap before resigning. Calderwood cited the sale of several of De Graafschap's key players without adequate replacement as the reason for his resignation from the post. In July 2016, Calderwood was appointed to the board of directors at Cowdenbeath.

In August 2017, Calderwood revealed that he has had earlier-onset dementia for the past two years and is being treated for the condition.

Playing career
Born in Govan, Glasgow, Calderwood was raised in the Castlemilk housing scheme in the city where he attended Grange Secondary School; he played in youth teams with Ricky Sbragia who also became a footballer and later a manager, and also played at schoolboy level with future Scotland captain Willie Miller.

He started his professional career with Birmingham City as an apprentice in 1971, making his first team debut against Stoke City in 1972 (Sbragia joined him a year later). He made 159 appearances for the club before spending a short time on loan at Cambridge United in 1979. His contract with Birmingham was cancelled at the end of the 1979–80 season, and he accepted an offer to move to the Netherlands, where he spent almost 10 years playing for Sparta Rotterdam, Willem II Tilburg, Roda JC and Heracles Almelo before retiring in 1989.

Netherlands
Calderwood first became a coach in 1991, of amateur club Rietvogels of Almelo. A year later he became an assistant coach of professional club FC Zwolle, before moving in 1993 to Cambuur Leeuwarden. He returned to Willem II Tilburg in 1995, initially as assistant coach before becoming the manager of the club a year later. A year later, he moving to the managerial position at NEC Nijmegen.

Dunfermline
After a two-year spell with NEC, Scottish First Division side Dunfermline Athletic moved to make him their new manager. Calderwood spent five seasons at East End Park, where he led the club to promotion to the SPL in his first season in charge. He also led them to their highest ever SPL position, finishing fourth in 2003–04. That season the side also reached the 2004 Scottish Cup Final, guaranteeing their return to European competition for the first time in 35 years as opponents Celtic had already earned Champions League qualification.

Aberdeen
In the summer of 2004 Willie Miller, returning to Pittodrie as director of football, brought Calderwood to Aberdeen to replace Steve Paterson as manager. Calderwood oversaw an improvement in Aberdeen's fortunes on the playing field. They narrowly missed out on qualifying for European competition in 2004–05 and 2005–06 but finished the 2006–07 league campaign in third place, ensuring UEFA Cup qualification. However, there was humiliation for his team when they were eliminated from the 2006–07 Scottish League Cup by the amateur club Queen's Park.

In December 2007, Calderwood led Aberdeen to the last 32 of European competition for the first time since 1986 with a surprising 4–0 demolition of FC Copenhagen at Pittodrie. With this great achievement, the Dons were rewarded by drawing FC Bayern Munich. Calderwood's team drew 2–2 with Bayern at Pittodrie on 14 February 2008, but the Germans pulled off a convincing 5–1 win the following week. Calderwood signed a $3 1/2$-year contract to end a month of speculation about his future, along with assistant manager Jimmy Nicholl and coach Sandy Clark.

Calderwood took Aberdeen to the 2007–08 Scottish Cup semi final, where they lost 4–3 to Dumfries First Division side, Queen of the South. This was despite two goals and an assist from Barry Nicholson playing against his hometown club.

The 2008–09 season saw Calderwood come in for some stern criticism following the club's poor start to the campaign. The Dons failed to win any of their opening four home matches, and were beaten 4–2 by Kilmarnock in the League Cup. Fans became impatient with some claiming it was time for a fresh start just as the team recovered form and were in the race for third place. On 18 January 2009 Calderwood led Aberdeen to a memorable 4–2 victory over Celtic that propelled Aberdeen to third in the league. However, just three league wins followed in the next 16 and Calderwood left the club "by mutual consent" on 24 May 2009, after the team had qualified for a place in the UEFA Europa League with a 2–1 victory over Hibernian.

Kilmarnock
Calderwood was appointed manager of Kilmarnock on 14 January 2010, succeeding Jim Jefferies. He agreed to a contract with the club until the end of the 2009–10 season. Calderwood managed to secure Kilmarnock's SPL status for another season, but left the club in the summer after disagreeing with chairman Michael Johnston about the player and coaching budgets.

Ross County
On 16 February 2011, Calderwood agreed to fill the managerial post at First Division club Ross County until the end of the season.

Go Ahead Eagles
Calderwood was appointed coach of Go Ahead Eagles in the Eerste Divisie on 30 March 2012. He left the Deventer club after they were knocked out of the promotion play-offs by FC Den Bosch after the second leg of their double-header on 13 May.

De Graafschap
Calderwood was appointed manager of De Graafschap in January 2014. He left the club after less than a month in the job, furious at the sale of two key players before the start of the season. His decision to quit was not well received by the players, with club captain Edwin Linssen saying: "When we were told, we were very depressed. It's not good, it's a sad day for the club."

Personal life
In a 1978 pen picture in Shoot! magazine, the then 22-year-old Calderwood named Eddie Gray as his favourite player, Rangers as his favourite team, and Trevor Brooking as the toughest opponent he had faced. His most memorable match was his Birmingham City debut, against Stoke City in November 1972, his "biggest thrill" was being picked to represent his country at under-23 level, and he had been disappointed to be dropped for the 1975 FA Cup semi-finals against Fulham. Apart from his father, he cited former Birmingham coach Willie Bell as having had the greatest influence on his career. Away from football, he enjoyed snooker, golf and badminton and named Neil Diamond and Diana Ross as his favourite singers.

Honours

 * Dunfermline Athletic
 * Fife Cup (2): 2000–01, 2002–03
 * Scottish First Division promotion (1): 1999–00

 * Ross County
 * Scottish Challenge Cup (1): 2010–11

Manager awards

 * SPL Manager of the Month (5):
 * March 2002
 * April 2004
 * August 2004
 * February 2006
 * April 2006

title: Jimmy Calderwood


text:
User talk:Compie

Hi Compie, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 10:12, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Digi Connect ME

The article Digi Connect ME has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No indications of notability.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 14:27, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Total Commander for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Total Commander is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Total Commander until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Marslo2015 (talk) 22:16, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Compie


text:
Kamarajar Deseeya Congress

Kamarajar Deseeya Congress (Kamraj National Congress), is a political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party general secretary of the party is M.S. Rajendran. The flag of the party carried the portrait of former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Kamraj.

The party is working extensively for official recognition of freedom fighters, such as Tirupur Kumaran.

title: Kamarajar Deseeya Congress


text:
Cyprus Mathematical Society

The Cyprus Mathematical Society (CMS) aims to promote the mathematical education and science. It was founded in 1983. The C.M.S. is a non-profit organization supported by the voluntary work of its members. The C.M.S. counts over 600 members. In order to promote its aims, C.M.S. organizes Mathematical competition between students all over Cyprus, and takes part in international mathematics competitions (BMO, Junior BMO competition, PMWC, IMO). CMS organize a series of mathematics competitions as part of the selection process of the national teams in the international mathematics competitions and the Cyprus Mathematical Olympiad. The new selection process in described below.

High School (Lyceum) competitions
As of 2005, in Cyprus Four provincial competitions are held in November in every district capital. In Lefkosia is called Iakovos Patatsos, in Lemesos is called Andreas Vlamis, in Larnaka and Ammochostos is called Petrakis Kyprianou and in Pafos is called Andreas Hadjitheoris. Every grade has different problems. Afterwards ten high-school (Lyceum) students from every grade (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade) of every district are selected. Total: 4 districts * 3 grades * 10 students = 120 students.

Then a National (Pancyprian) competition is held in December and is called "Zeno". Every grade still has different problems. Afterwards ten students from every grade are selected. Total: 3 grades * 10 students = 30 students. These student are usually divided into two groups according to the district they come from.

Each group watches about eight to ten four-hour preparation lessons for the olympiad. During the lessons Four Team Selection Tests are held which are considered the four parts of the Selection Competition above 15.5 and are called Euclides. All the student have the same test. In each of the competition five students are eliminated. So after the fourth competition the six member of national team for IMO and BMO and the four runners-up are selected.

 * In every competition or test there are four problem usually covering geometry, number theory, algebra, and combinatorics (elementary level) and last four hours each.

Junior high-school (Gymnasium) competitions
Four provincial competitions are also held in November in every district capital which have the same name as above. Afterwards 10 junior high-school (Gymnasium) students from every grade (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade) from every district are selected. Total: 4 districts * 3 grades * 10 students = 120 students.

Then a National (Pancyprian) competition is held in December and is called "Evagoras Pallikaridis". Every grade has different problems. Afterwards 10 students from every grade are selected. Total: 3 grades * 10 students = 30 students. This student are usually divide into two groups according to the district they come from.

Each group watches about ten to twelve-four hour preparing lessons for the olympiad. During the lessons Four Team Selection Tests are held which are considered the four parts of the Selection Competition under 15.5 and are called Euclides. All the student have the same test. In each of the competition 5 students are eliminated. So after the 4th competition the six member of national team for Junior BMO and the four runners-up are selected.

 * In every competition or test there are four problem usually covering geometry, number theory, algebra, and combinatorics (elementary level) and last four hours each.

Publications
The main publication of the CMS is the Mathematic Step (Μαθηματικό Βήμα).

Other publications:

 * Mediterranean Journal for Research in Mathematics Education from January 2002

title: Cyprus Mathematical Society


text:
Graphing Calculator

Graphing Calculator may refer to:

 * Graphing calculators, calculators that are able to display and/or analyze mathematical function graphs
 * NuCalc, a computer software program able to perform many graphing calculator functions
 * Grapher, the Mac OS X successor to NuCalc

title: Graphing Calculator


text:
NuCalc

NuCalc, also known as Graphing Calculator, is a computer software tool made by Pacific Tech. It can graph inequalities and vector fields, and functions in two, three, or four dimensions. It supports several different coordinate systems, and can solve equations. It runs on OS X as Graphing Calculator, and on Windows.

History
The Graphing Calculator 1.0 software was bundled with all Power Macintosh computers since its introduction in 1994. Having shipped on more than 20 million machines, it is the most familiar version of the program. This version of Graphing Calculator was secretly developed at Apple by Ron Avitzur, an abandoned contractor who felt obligated to complete the project, and their friend and colleague Greg Robbins. NuCalc 1.0 is for 680x0 Macintosh. In 2005, This American Life featured Avitzur's story in episode 284, Should I Stay or Should I go?.

At one time, it was a free download for Mac OS 9, Mac OS X 10.3, and Mac OS X 10.4. However, these may lack some features of 1.0 and may include promotion for the more advanced, commercial version of the software. A Windows version (offered for sale) was renamed NuCalc.

The app has been ported from C++ to SwiftUI.

title: NuCalc


text: Category:Red-light districts

title: Category:Red-light districts


text:
Michael Staniforth

Michael Peter Staniforth (15 December 1942 – 31 July 1987), born in Selly Oak, Birmingham, was a British stage actor.

Life
Staniforth's father was a sergeant major in the Army and so Michael's childhood was spent with his family in Germany, Egypt and Libya.

He emigrated to Australia at the age of 21 and two years later landed a role in South Pacific at The Menzies Theatre Restaurant in Sydney, where for the next few years he performed in a further 12 musicals, including Wonderful Town and Cole Porter's Out Of This World, followed by a national tour of The Boy Friend.

He returned to England in late 1969 and first appeared in the West End in Hair at the Shaftesbury Theatre. He also appeared in the Two Gentlemen Of Verona (Speed) and Winnie The Pooh (Tigger) at the Phoenix Theatre. In 1977 he played the role of Paul in the original British cast of A Chorus Line, returning to the same venue (Theatre Royal, Drury Lane) three years later as the young Tobias in Sondheim's Sweeney Todd.

Staniforth's best-known role was as ghostly jester Timothy Claypole, a mischievous medieval poltergeist, in the long-running BBC children's television comedy series Rentaghost.

Staniforth played Timothy Claypole from 1976, when the show first aired, until 1984, and was the longest-standing member of the cast. Claypole was a bearded medieval jester, dressed in motley and bells. He caused mayhem for the rest of the Rentaghost cast. Danny Birchall at BFI Screenonline noted:

The sheer energy of Michael Staniforth (who also performed the theme tune) as Claypole made it one of the longer-lasting children's television series, if not always the most fondly remembered.

Staniforth also composed, played and sang the Rentaghost theme music, although he had to re-write it as "concern grew that it was too close to The Exorcist."

In 1984, Staniforth had a significant role as CB the Red Caboose in the original line-up in the long-running Andrew Lloyd Webber stage musical Starlight Express.

Staniforth was openly gay. He died from an AIDS-related illness on 31 July 1987, aged 44.

title: Michael Staniforth


text:
List of prime ministers of New Zealand

The prime minister of New Zealand is the country's head of government and the leader of the Cabinet, whose powers and responsibilities are defined by convention. Officially, the prime minister is appointed by the governor-general, but by convention, the prime minister must have the confidence of the House of Representatives. The prime minister is always a member of parliament.

Originally, prime ministers headed loose coalitions of independents, which were often unstable; since the advent of political parties, the prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party represented in the house. Since 1935, every prime minister has been a member of either the National party or the Labour party, reflecting their domination of New Zealand politics. After the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting in 1996, prime ministers have usually needed to negotiate agreements with smaller parties to maintain a majority in Parliament.

The title of the office was originally "colonial secretary", which was formally changed to "premier" in 1869. That title remained in use almost exclusively for more than 30 years, until Richard Seddon changed it to "prime minister" during his tenure in the office; he used the title officially at the 1902 Colonial Conference.

Some historians regard James FitzGerald as New Zealand's first prime minister, although a more conventional view is that neither he nor his successor (Thomas Forsaith) should properly be given that title, as New Zealand did not yet have responsible government when they served. Most commonly, Henry Sewell, who served during 1856, is regarded as New Zealand's first premier. Beginning with Sewell, 42 individuals have so far held the premiership, not including acting prime ministers. Eight prime ministers have held the position for more than one period in office. Richard Seddon, prime minister for thirteen years between 1893 and 1906, held the office for the longest term. The youngest prime minister was Edward Stafford, who assumed office at age 37, and the oldest was Walter Nash, who left office at age 78. Three prime ministers have been women, a count equalled by Iceland, Lithuania, Poland and the United Kingdom, and only surpassed by Finland and Switzerland.

The current prime minister is Christopher Luxon, who assumed office on 27 November 2023.

List of officeholders
The parties shown are those to which the heads of government belonged at the time they held office and the electoral districts shown are those they represented while in office. Several prime ministers belonged to parties other than those given and represented other electorates before and after their time in office. A number in brackets indicates the prime minister served a previous term in office.

{{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #aaa}} {{legend||Liberal|border=1px solid #aaa}} {{legend||Reform|border=1px solid #aaa}} {{legend||United|border=1px solid #aaa}} {{legend||Labour|border=1px solid #aaa}} {{legend||National|border=1px solid #aaa}} Died in office
 * Political parties
 * Symbols

title: List of prime ministers of New Zealand