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Talk:List of Melbourne railway stations/Archive 1

'''This page is an archive. Add any new discussion to the active talk page.'''

Could someone list the reasons why stations were closed/converted? PMA

 * Sure. I don't think there's enough room on the page for that though - would people mind if I broke this off into a Closed Stations article, as they've done with the London system? I think there may be other closed stations also. I'll try and write articles for each one, too. Ambivalenthysteria
 * Go for it!

 * I've broken them off into a new article, and I've also written up one for General Motors station. Is this okay so far? Ambivalenthysteria
 * Yep

For individual station pages, I've created a previous/next station and line table. See Glen Iris railway station, Melbourne for an example. I'll begin to make similar stub pages for stations in the coming days.

Hypernovean 12:50, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it's useful, but I'd be careful about creating microstubs. I know it's difficult to turn up information on these, but I think a few more details about facilities, locations, and history if possible could be found (as I've tried to do with General Motors in closed stations). I'd rather not have to defend these if some bright spark adds them to VFD. :/ Ambivalenthysteria 11:03, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'd really appreciate it if someone could either find or create some maps for the individual train lines. It'd be a big help when it comes to creating articles for each - which will probably be my next task. Ambivalenthysteria 11:38, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I might try and do these myself. But it depends how geographically-accurate you're looking for... I could do simplified diagrams with all the major twists and turns and the stations distanced to scale, but it would take some time. I'll do a test one soon and post it... Hypernovean 03:28, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Alamein-Line.jpg]] Alamein line diagram, draft one. Please comment. Hypernovean 11:31, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Excellent! It could do with being a little bit clearer, but hey, it's better than I could've done, so I'm not about to be picky. Ambivalenthysteria 11:51, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll do a nice Bezier/spline curve version of this, if you like Dysprosia 12:13, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * That'd be swell! If you want, I can make up the base versions from the Melways for all the other lines as well. Hypernovean 12:34, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Okay, while adding some closed train lines, I also added a few lines that were quite seriously proposed though never built. In particular, I included the East Doncaster / Eastern Freeway line. I'm sure if you looked into it and its history, you'd find an interesting history to it; a socio-political history that goes far beyond train lines and stations never built. The problem is where do they go? Should there be an article on proposed train lines? Should the canned train lines also include proposals that never came to pass?

- AJ

 * I think it works well how you've done it. From there, maybe there could be a link to an article on each proposed line? Ambivalenthysteria 22:23, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Sheesh! You guys are making me homesick - hope someone does write a socio-political history of the East Doncaster line ... in 1995 I helped build a big cardboard train on bicycle wheels and pushed it down the middle of the Eastern Freeway as part of protest to try and get the thing built! User:Dirtbiscuit

 * Heh, maybe you could do it, if you have some personal interest in the topic. It's on my (very long) to-do list, and I probably don't have the facts to do a great job myself anyway. Ambivalenthysteria 12:25, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Does anyone know the location for the new Roxburgh Park station? I'm wondering whether it's going to built on the site of the old Somerton one. Ambivalenthysteria 22:23, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, there are 3 proposed train stations in the area I know of. One is north of Broadmeadows at Coolaroo / Meadow Heights (near Barry Road), the second is just north of the Somerton Rd Level crossing, and the third is north of Patullos Lane. Given the latter two are both in Roxburgh Park, the station could be at either location. Though certainly - of Somerton was just north of Somerton Road - a rebuilt station looks like a possibility. - AJ

 * There's three proposed stations? I got the idea from their website that only one was due, at Roxburgh Park. Ambivalenthysteria 23:11, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The Brack's governments plan includes only one station, but proposals going back at least a decade had the three stations. Hypernovean 12:52, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I wouldn't mind creating an article for the regional railway stations. Any suggestions as to what to call it? Ambivalenthysteria 22:23, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * List of regional railway stations in Victoria? Hypernovean 04:39, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll start on it tomorrow. Ambivalenthysteria 07:05, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I think I've now got all the lines and stations added to the regional article. I'd appreciate any feedback/copyediting, if anyone gets a chance. :) Ambivalenthysteria 11:03, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

No-one can spell Prahran :) Adam 12:06, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Before any subpages are made (well except for the Glen Iris test stub), does anyone think that the naming standard XXX railway station, Melbourne is a bit cumbersome? Prehaps something shorter like XXX station, Melbourne or even just XXX station (with ', Melbourne' for non-uniques). Similarly for lines, could they not simply be XXX line or XXX line, Melbourne where needed? This could go into the Melbourne suburbs and stations wikiproject when that gets formalized (hopefully) soon. Hypernovean 13:02, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I think I prefer the current format though - it makes it obvious what exactly the line is, or what exactly the station is for. Ambivalenthysteria 00:55, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Melbourne
I have created the preliminary page for the WikiProject Melbourne. Please feel free to add something here, as the project is still in formulation. The primrary aim is to fill in the rail network and suburbs. The scope could expand to other elements of the city in future. Those interested in working on the above topics, please add your names to the project and join in the discussion. (There are as yet no templates or guidelines for articles, this will be updated soon). Hypernovean 08:39, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Transport categorization
I think there needs to be a seperate category for all the Melbourne transport pages. My propsal is a heirachy of Category:Transportation in Victoria (subsidiary to Category:Victoria) > Category:Transportation in Melbourne (subsidiary to Category:Melbourne) > Category:Public transport in Melbourne. Should I go ahead and start using this setup? Hypernovean 13:46, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Should proposed stations be listed somewhere? I know there is a note on the Craigieburn line extension, but other than that, there are no approved expansions to the network. There are, however, a lot of stations proposed by various groups (namely the PTUA). (See the Cranbourne line entry). Should these be included with a proposed tag, should they have there own page, or are they too transient to bother with, seeing as the government itself hasn't proposed them or is planning to build them. There's also the Doncaster and Rowville lines, although not approved, they are under government consideration.

My point is, should this page be restricted entirely to operating train stations, and if so, should the various proposals be listed somewhere. TPK 06:40, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * This page is too long to contain anything else other than those which have actually been approved, IMHO. However, I think other proposed lines/stations would make for quite an interesting article on its own. Ambivalenthysteria 07:25, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I completely forgot that there is already a (partial) list of proposed stations and lines (mostly not government-proposed) at List of closed Melbourne railway stations. I don't think that's a good place to have them though. TPK 07:34, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Neither. I think they need their own page, to be discussed in more detail. There we could go into the ones that are actively being considered, the ones that the PTUA would like and are potentially feasible, and those that have been proposed, but fit in the pipedream category. Ambivalenthysteria 08:05, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * List of proposed Melbourne railway stations seems logical enough. TPK 11:48, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Host stations
For those who have noticed the recent introduction of 'host stations' (stations with customer-service staff on the platforms during morning and/or evening peaks), should these stations somehow be indicated in the list? I don't want to make it any more complicated than it is; but I also don't want to leave out perfectly valid information. I wouldn't use italics, as host and premium stations are very different creatures (staffed full-time vs. staffed part-time). Prehaps an * ? What to do? TPK 11:24, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Ack. The asterisk might have to do, I think. Ambi 13:57, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

A small modification to the organisation into zones might have to be done as it doesn't show the 3 station overlap at the zones' borders. For example, Oakleigh and Huntingdale are both zoned 1 and 2 but the border is arbitrarily placed between them. Perhaps the entries need yet another prefix. It might look busier but will be more accurate. Gest 00:56, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Eep, good call. How do we get around that one? Ambi 01:09, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * How's this?:

 * Murrumbeena (MRB) 1
 * Hughesdale (HUG) 1/2
 * Oakleigh (OAK) 1/2
 * Huntingdale (HUN) 1/2
 * Clayton (CLA) 2

 * OK, ugly beyond words but I'm no designer. How feasible would it be to have a graphic element like some kind of line running down the list in place of the bullets? Much like the design in the Melways but without the turns or branching. It could use the same colour conventions and zone demarcation as the Melways too. The whole thing can be further indented with the list still to the right of the line and a PNG or some kind of Unicode character taking the place of the bullet on the line. Premium stations, bicycle lockers and heroin dealers can all have an optional icon to the left of the line where appropriate.

 * The beauty is that this could be applicable to any rail system anywhere and it would be available to pedians in other cities as a sort of template. TPK seems to be very good at this type of thing (I didn't know something like his progress bar on the project page was possible) but how far does the software allow it to be extended?

 * Gest 03:54, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Good ideas: it's all in the tables!

 * Replaced with a better example. TPK 07:35, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Some graphical dot could be put in the coloured cells (only problem being the overlap is made up of two coloured cells). Needs some experimentation, but you get the idea.

 * The software that handles Wikitables has some bugs. If the table appears spaced out, it's a bug I'm afraid. I'm trying to work around it. TPK 07:22, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC) If the table here doesn't seem to want to work, check it at User:TPK/Design. Stupid bugs.

 * Wonderful. I knew you'd come up with something. :) Ambi 07:23, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Excellent. Exactly what I was talking about. I just have two questions though. I'm sure we can easily find appropriate Unicode characters as icons for various station services and service levels but how well does MS and IE (sadly the default for most Internet users) support Unicode? Second, what is the etiquette for awarding (or nominating someone for?) a Barnstar? BTW, I just noticed it doesn't work properly in preview mode but the final version is fantastic. Gest 09:21, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

This site may be of use with several of our rail-related articles. Ambi 05:18, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Great find. TPK 10:40, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC) Talk

New station tables
I've modified the station table for stations along the Alamein line (e.g. Ashburton). It's now more streamlined, smaller, and appears in TOC style. I'm aiming for making a template and rolling it out to all stations. See the bottom of User:TPK/Design for some more variations which aren't live yet. T.P.K. 08:26, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Takes a bit of getting used to, but I think they're quite an improvement. Ambi 09:10, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

OK, I've tackled the Loop: see Parliament's table. Does it make sense? T.P.K. 05:17, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it's a little bit confusing in this case. :/ Ambi 07:19, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Any suggestions? Does it need Next Clockwise and Next Anticlockwise back again? T.P.K. 08:53, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I think so. Otherwise, it's a little bit difficult to tell what it's referring to. Ambi 12:33, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

New format
Have a look at List of Melbourne railway stations/temp as an example of the above table format in use in the main page. (I fixed the spacing problems, so it should appear properly all the time now). If the colours aren't too glaring, I'll import it to the actual page. Another thing is whether closed stations should be listed (e.g. General Motors). It would only include stations that were on the current mainlines and not on spurs or closed lines, and they would be listed with a (closed) after them. Just a thought, but it might be better to keep open and closed stations completely seperate, I don't know in this case. Anyways... T.P.K. 04:37, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks good. I probably wouldn't bother listing the closesd stations, as General Motors is the only one that is on a main line and still standing. Ambi 04:56, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, well it takes a while to convert, so in a few days maybe I'll have it up. T.P.K. 05:16, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Untitled
See List of Melbourne railway stations/temp for an archived graphic redesign of this list.


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Ko

A KO is a knockout in various sports, such as boxing and martial arts.

K.O., Ko or Kō may also refer to:

Music

 * KO (musician), Canadian musician who plays a fusion of hip hop and folk music
 * K.O. (album), a 2021 album by Danna Paola
 * K.O (rapper), South African rapper Ntokozo Mdluli
 * Karen O (born 1978), lead singer of the rock group Yeah Yeah Yeahs
 * Kevin Olusola, American cellist, beatboxer and member of a cappella group Pentatonix
 * K.O. (song), a song by Pabllo Vittar
 * K.O., a 2008 album by Rize
 * "K.O.", a 2004 song by Smujji

Other media

 * Ko (Go), in the board game Go
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 * Knight Online, a 2004 online role-playing game

Language

 * Ko language
 * Ko (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana こ and コ
 * ISO 639-1 code for the Korean language

Surname

 * Ko (Korean surname)
 * Gao (surname), a surname of Chinese origin romanized to Ko in Hong Kong, and in several romanizations especially in South-east Asia
 * Ke (surname), a Chinese surname romanized as "Ko" in the Wade–Giles system
 * Xu (surname), a surname of Chinese Xu and customarily spelled as Ko

People

 * K.O (rapper) South African musician and businessman
 * KO (musician), Canadian musician who plays a fusion of hip hop and folk music
 * Ko Simpson (born 1983), professional American football player for the Buffalo Bills
 * Kevin Owens, Canadian professional wrestler

Places

 * Ko Mountain, the second-highest peak in the Sikhote-Alin Mountains of Russia
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 * Kö, an urban boulevard in Düsseldorf, Germany

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 * Ko, an ancient Chinese weapon also known as a dagger-axe in English
 * Kō, a version of the foot plough used by the Māori people
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Transportation

 * Kō Station (Aichi) on the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line in Japan
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 * Alaska Central Express, IATA airline designator

Other uses

 * The Coca-Cola Company, stock ticker symbol and corporate internet domain ko.com
 * Civic Coalition (Poland), or Koalicja Obywatelska (KO), a Polish electoral alliance
 * Knock-off, a counterfeit product
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 * K.O., protagonist in OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes
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 * Dukkha, the concept of unsatisfactoriness in Buddhism
 * Kick-off (association football), the time or manner of start of play
 * Kō, Japanese for incense; see Japanese incense
 * Kōdō, the art of appreciating Japanese incense
 * Momofuku Ko, a New York restaurant

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ko


text:
Party of the Alliance of Youth, Workers and Farmers of Angola

Party of the Alliance of Youth, Workers and Farmers of Angola (Pajoca, abbreviation of the Partido da Aliança Juventude, Operários e Camponeses de Angola) was an opposition party in Angola. The president of Pajoca was Alexandre Sebastião André and the general secretary was Jesus Kabanga. The party was founded in Luanda, on January 19, 1991. The party was founded by disillusioned MPLA cadres.

Pajoca favoured far-reaching autonomy for the Cabinda enclave.

In the run-up for the 1992 elections, Pajoca was registered with the authorities - having presented 3,998 signatures out of which 2,372 were deemed valid (coming from ten provinces, with more than 100 signature from each province). In the 1992 elections Pajoca received 13,924 votes (0.35%) and got one MP elected, Alexandre Sebastião André. In the presidential election, PAJOCA supported the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) candidate.

In 1998 there was internal turmoil in Pajoca, with then president Sebastião Miguel Tetembwa expelling Alexandre Sebastião André. The first party congress was convened, which elected Alexandre Sebastião André as the new president. The congress also approved a new party constitution.

The women's organization of Pajoca is known as Organização da mulher do Pajoca - OMI-PA.


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Dois Córregos

Dois Córregos is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 27,512 (2020 est.) in an area of 633 km². The elevation is 673 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Dois Córregos


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User:.:Ajvol:.

My new SUL account is User:Александр Сигачёв --ajvol (talk) 21:22, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

I am Alexander Sigachov (Александр Сигачёв), b. 1981, student of Moscow State Technical University.

I am russian wikipedian and mostly I write in Russian section (sysop from 2005-02-26).

You can contact me at w:ru:user_talk:Александр Сигачёв

I have a bot: User:Roboto de Ajvol.

eo:Vikipediisto:.:Ajvol:. ru:Участник:Александр Сигачёв

title: User:.:Ajvol:.


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Dolcinópolis

Dolcinópolis is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 2,112 (2020 est.) in an area of 77.9 km². The elevation is 463 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Dolcinópolis


text: Category:Military psychiatry

title: Category:Military psychiatry


text: User talk:81.154.28.45

title: User talk:81.154.28.45


text:
Dracena

Dracena is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 45,847 (2015 est.) in an area of 488 km². The elevation is 421 m.

History
Dracena was founded on December 8, 1945 on the initiative of Irio Spinardi, João Vandramini, Virgílio and Florêncio Fioravanti. It grew rapidly, and became an independent municipality in 1948, when it was separated from Lucélia.

Geography
The municipality contains part of the 7720 ha Rio do Peixe State Park, created in 2002.

Climate
The climate is subtropical, The annual medium temperature is 23.4 °C, the warmest month is January 27.8 °C and the coolest month is July 17.3 °C. The highest temperature ever registered was 43.1 °C and the lowest, -4.1 °C.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

Notable people

 * Rodrigo Caio Association Football player

title: Dracena


text: User talk:81.218.162.165

title: User talk:81.218.162.165


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Duartina

Duartina is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 12,433 (2020 est.) in an area of 265 km2. The elevation is 520 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Duartina


text:
User:B0at

User:b0at

title: User:B0at


text:
Prison Bound

Prison Bound is the second studio album by Social Distortion, released in 1988. It was the first album with bass guitarist John Maurer and drummer Christopher Reece. It expands the punk rock sound of the band's first album, Mommy's Little Monster (1983), by adding influences from country music and blues rock.

Overview
Prison Bound took almost half a decade to materialize, with the initial attempt to record and release the follow-up to Mommy's Little Monster dating back to 1984. The album was shelved for a few years, and it would not be re-recorded and completed until 1987, following frontman Mike Ness' recovery from drug addiction and Social Distortion's signing to then-independent Restless/Enigma Records. Unlike many of the band's albums, no singles were released for this album, but the title track "Prison Bound" received some heavy rotation from commercial radio stations (particularly KROQ-FM), and the song's success attracted attention from major labels, including Epic Records, to whom Social Distortion would sign in 1989.

The first track, "It's the Law", is a remake of "Justice for All", which appeared on the 1981 compilation album The Future Looks Bright (and later on the 1995 compilation album Mainliner: Wreckage from the Past). It also contains a cover version of "Backstreet Girl", originally recorded by the Rolling Stones. The album's title track references Johnny Cash's "I Walk the Line".

Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that "although Prison Bound lacks the all-out dynamics of Monster ... it’s still a maturely paced, knowing follow-up, and not just for punks." Nick Robinson, reviewer of British music newspaper Music Week, noted band's adulting in comparison with early recordings. He found there "upright bursts of aggression, frustration and depression tell a vivid tale of growing up and blues and country influences add depth to this blunt, honest and thrilling account".

Personnel

 * Mike Ness – lead vocal, lead guitar
 * Dennis Danell – rhythm guitar
 * John Maurer – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Christopher Reece – drums

title: Prison Bound


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Jane and Finch

Jane and Finch is a neighbourhood located in the northwest end of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the district of North York. Centred at the intersection of Jane Street and Finch Avenue West, the area is roughly bounded by Highway 400 to the west, Black Creek to the east, Sheppard Avenue to the south, and Steeles Avenue to the north. Two city neighbourhoods cover the area commonly known as Jane and Finch. From Finch north to Steeles is considered part of the Black Creek community while from Finch south to Sheppard is called Glenfield-Jane Heights.

The Jane and Finch community is a high density and low-income neighbourhood. It is made up of single-family detached and semi-detached houses, along with several high-rise apartment buildings.

History
Jane-Finch was originally the rural community of Elia. The area was developed as a model suburb in the 1960s in response to the rapid urban growth of Toronto. The community was planned to accommodate a socially diverse population and included a substantial amount of public housing, but insufficient thought was given to the social infrastructure needed to sustain community life.

The 1960s development plans spearheaded by the Ontario Housing Corporation (OHC) coincided with North York Planning Department's goal of creating a more urban-looking suburb. Known for its series of high-rise buildings and, concomitantly, its above average population density, Jane-Finch experienced astronomical growth from 1961 to 1971 when the population went from 1,300 to 33,000, thereby accounting for more than 40% of the growth in North York. In general, urban planners, local politicians, residents of Jane-Finch, and others today are of the opinion that the OHC and North York erred seriously, contributing to rapid population growth in the area without anticipating its negative consequences.

By 1967, 22.5% of all residential dwellings in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood were designated public housing. Meanwhile, just 3% of North York was designated public housing at the same time. Throughout the 1960s, many of the private and public housing buildings were constructed in the modern architectural style. The high concentration of public housing units, transformed the area into a high-poverty neighbourhood. In 1973, a group of dedicated residents, politicians and community workers started identifying ways to address community problems. They concentrated their efforts on improving their neighbourhood's negative image and creating a sense of community pride. Since then the neighbourhood has developed over 30 grassroots associations, including social and health service organizations, based on principles of mutual aid. Jane-Finch residents managed to create the infrastructure that their community needed to become healthy and sustainable. They succeeded in bringing together various sectors to address a wide range of economic, social and recreational needs. Still, a 1975 study by a planning consulting firm identified the following problems resulting from the rapid growth of the community: overcrowded schools, disconnected social services, inadequate recreation facilities, and a serious issue with youth crime.

In 1983 Jennifer Hodge de Silva, a pioneering filmmaker of the 1970s and 1980s produced the film, Home Feeling: Struggle for a Community which revealed tensions between police and area residents.

Between 1981 and 2001, the total population of North York grew by 8.7%; higher economic families by 9%, but poor economic families by 80.5%. Poverty intensified in 5 main areas. The most prominent is the Jane-Finch area, where four poor neighbourhoods turned into regions of very high poverty, and a region that previously had low to moderate poverty became classified as having high levels of poverty. By 2001, a major shift had taken place, with the immigrant family population now accounting for 62.4% of the total family population in these communities, and Canadian born families making up the remaining 37.6%. Between 1981 and 2001, the number of racialized individuals also increased by 219%.

21st century (2001–present)
By 2002, the area had "one of the highest proportions of youth, sole-supported families, refugees and immigrants, low-income earners and public housing tenants of any community in Toronto". That year, only 70% of people in the neighbourhood had proper indoor plumbing (compared to 95% of Canadians), and brownouts were common. Over half of the neighbourhood's residents lived below the poverty line. The United Way's "Poverty by Postal Code-The Geography of Neighbourhood Poverty: 1981–2001" also highlighted poverty in the city.

The area still grapples with youth crime, with the highest youth crime risk index score of any Toronto neighbourhood, and elevated crime rates. The Canadian government funded a youth program known as Positive Alternatives to Youth Gangs (PAYG) in the neighbourhood. The Toronto City Summit Alliance's Strong Neighbourhoods Task Force identified the Black Creek Neighbourhood as one of the 13 Priority Neighbourhoods across the city, where there are not enough social services to address the growing needs of the community. Jane-Finch was one of three Toronto neighbourhoods to address community safety through the Prevention and Intervention Toronto (PIT) program funded by the National Crime Prevention Centre, focuses on youth between the ages of 13 and 24 that are already involved in gangs or at risk of becoming so.

As part of a rebranding strategy in 2008, Toronto City Councillor Anthony Perruzza had banners attached to hundreds of hydro poles in Jane and Finch, calling the area University Heights, due to its proximity to York University, and referencing the existing name of the neighbourhood in municipal planning documents.

In December 2017, an extension of the western branch of the Line 1 Yonge-University subway line was opened, with a station;, at Keele Street, about 1.5km east of the neighbourhood.

Major police raids targeting the neighbourhood's gangs have occurred in 2007, 2011 and 2017. According to Toronto's police chief, area gangs "have infiltrated various communities" across the province and beyond.

Demographics
The population of Jane and Finch has generally been in decline since the 1996 census.

North Jane & Finch (Black Creek)
As of 2021, the northern half of the neighbourhood had a population of 21,145.

Major ethnic populations (2021):
 * 30.9% Black; 5.6% Jamaican
 * 15.6% European; 5.6% Italian
 * 12.8% Southeast Asian; 9.4% Vietnamese
 * 9.5% South Asian; 4.4% East Indian
 * 7.8% Latin American (of any race)

South Jane & Finch (Glenfield-Jane Heights)
As of 2021, the southern half of the neighbourhood had a population of 30,025.

Major ethnic populations (2021):
 * 23.3% Black; 5.7% Jamaican
 * 21.4% European; 12.7% Italian
 * 16.2% Southeast Asian; 13.8% Vietnamese
 * 10.8% Latin American (of any race)
 * 6.8% South Asian; 3.7% East Indian

Education
Two public school boards operate schools in Jane and Finch, the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Before 1998, they were overseen by the Metropolitan Separate School Board (MSSB) and North York Board of Education (NYBE) respectively. Both TCDSB, and TDSB operate public primary education institutions in the neighbourhood, including:

 * Blacksmith Public School (TDSB)
 * Blessed Margherita of Cittá di Castello School (TCDSB)
 * Brookview Middle School (TDSB)
 * Driftwood Public School (TDSB)
 * Firgrove Public School (TDSB)
 * Oakdale Park Middle School (TDSB)
 * Shoreham Public Sports and Wellness Academy (formerly known as Shoreham Public School) (TDSB)
 * St. Charles Garnier Catholic School (TCDSB)
 * St. Francis De Sales Catholic School (TCDSB)
 * St. Jane Frances Catholic School (TCDSB)
 * Stanley Public School (TDSB)
 * Topcliff Public School (TDSB)
 * Yorkwoods Public School (TDSB)

In addition to public primary education institutions, TDSB also operate two public secondary schools, Westview Centennial Secondary School and C. W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute.

TCDSB currently does not operate a regular secondary school in the neighbourhood as of 2024, with TCDSB secondary school students residing in Jane and Finch attending institutions in adjacent neighbourhoods. However, the board previously operated Regina Pacis Catholic Secondary School, opened in 1980 until its closure in 2002. The building has been occupied by Monsignor Fraser College's Norfinch Campus is also situated in the neighbourhood. Monsignor Fraser College is a secondary education institution operated by TCDSB as a specialized dual-track alternative and adult secondary school.

The French first language public secular school board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde, and it separate counterpart, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir also offer schooling to applicable residents of Jane and Finch, although they do not operate a school in the neighbourhood. CSCM and CSV students attend schools situated in other neighbourhoods in Toronto.

Recreation
Several municipal parks are situated in Jane and Finch, including Fennimore Park, Driftwood Park, Edgeley Park, Hullmar Park, Oakdale Park, Remberto Navia Sports Field, Silvio Colella Park, and Topcliff Park. Several municipal parks are situated near the Black Creek, a tributary of the Humber River. The Black Creek, and its valleys, forms a part of the larger Toronto ravine system. Municipal parks in Jane and Finch are maintained by the Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division. The division also operates several community centres in the neighbourhood, including Driftwood Community Centre, Domenico DiLuca Community Recreation Centre, Northwood Community Centre, Oakdale Community Centre. The Oakdale Golf & Country Club is a private, parkland-style golf and tennis club located in the neighborhood; Black Creek runs through the course.. It hosted the 2023 Canadian Open, and will host the tournament again in 2026.

Two branches of the Toronto Public Library also operate from the neighbourhood, York Woods branch, and Jane/Sheppard branch.

Black Creek Pioneer Village, located in the northeast of the neighbourhood next to Black Creek, is an open-air museum of 19th-century Ontario life.

Transportation
Several major roadways bound the neighbourhood, including the two namesake streets that form its core; Jane Street and Finch Avenue. Other major thoroughfares that pass through the neighbourhood are Steeles Avenue to the north, Sheppard Avenue to the south, and Highway 400 to the west. Highway 400 is a controlled access highway that forms a part of the province's 400-series highways.

Public transportation in the neighbourhood is provided by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC operates several bus routes in the neighbourhood. Finch West station, on the western branch of Line 1 of the Toronto subway, is located at Keele Street, 2 km east of the Jane-Finch intersection, and is accessed via the 36 Finch West bus.

Construction of a light rail line through the neighbourhood, the Finch West LRT, is presently underway with the line expected to open in 2023. In conjunction with the Finch West LRT, construction of a new community hub is planned to be built in the Jane and Finch area.

Notable people

 * Chuckie Akenz, hip hop musician
 * Anthony Bennett, top overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers
 * Jully Black, R&B musician
 * Denham Brown, professional basketball player
 * Junior Cadougan, professional basketball player
 * Dream Warriors, hip hop group
 * Dwight Drummond, broadcaster
 * Olu Famutimi, professional basketball player
 * Louis Ferreira, actor
 * Melanie Fiona, R&B musician
 * Glenn Lewis, R&B musician
 * Michie Mee, hip hop musician
 * Carlos Newton, former UFC Welterweight Champion
 * Pressa, rap musician
 * Paul Nguyen, community activist
 * Jessie Reyez, R&B/pop musician
 * Cabral "Cabbie" Richards, TV personality
 * Mark Simms, community activist
 * Nora Fatehi, Bollywood actress/International Star
 * Dean McDermott, Canadian Actor, former husband of American Actress Tori Spelling

title: Jane and Finch


text:
Taka Boom

Taka Boom (born Yvonne Stevens; October 8, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American R&B and dance music singer, and is the younger sister of singer Chaka Khan and Mark Stevens of Aurra. She sang background vocals for several Parliament albums in the 1970s. Taka Boom is sometimes credited as Takka Boom and is known for her work with DJ/producer Dave Lee, especially in a range of hits under the Joey Negro name. Boom was also a later member of the Norman Whitfield group The Undisputed Truth, and led them on their 1976 disco hit "You + Me = Love".

title: Taka Boom


text:
Talk:PLATO (computer system)

passwords on Plato and Lotus
When you log in on Plato IV, you see a random number of Xs for each keystroke of your password. I was tickled to see this in Lotus Notes. Does anything else now use that gimmick? —Tamfang (talk) 08:12, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
 * PLATO didn't actually use a Random number of Xs. The random number generator cosumed more processing power than was necessary. Instead the number of X's was based on a couple bits within the internal representation of the letter the user typed. Larryw24 (talk) 10:31, 29 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh. Well, thanks for letting me cling to that illusion for another year. ;) —Tamfang (talk) 17:02, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Larryw24's description is not correct. It's true that the random number generator was not used, but it wasn't based on the internal code of the character since that would be deterministic.  Instead, the low order bit of the current system time (in milliseconds) was used to choose between 1 and 2 X's.  I wrote that code, and I just checked it to make sure my memory is correct. Paul Koning (talk) 18:40, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Yay! —Tamfang (talk) 23:01, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Plato in K-12 education
There is no mention of the use of the Plato system in grade schools and high schools. I went to Booker T. Washington Grade School in Champaign and was on the Plato system in Kindergarten, 1st grade and 4th grade especially. In 4th grade, I remember playing the math games to learn fractions and test my basic addition/subtraction/multiplication/division through cutting pizzas, making monster juice and various math races, among other games. . . all using a touchscreen - unheard of for years to come. I also first experienced the film player capabilities and heard the first talking Plato machine.

At the University High School at UIUC, Plato was a natural part of our life. We had classrooms and labs. It was mandatory to learn the BASIC language and program via Plato, as well as have various sign-ons at different levels - author mode, user mode, etc. We spent a lot of free time chatting to others around the world and playing two-player games via the Plato system.

I think the value of how how Plato was used for education is very important. Does this topic deserve its own page, or should it be a paragraph on the main topic page? (Not that I am completely qualified to write it, but I am willing to help.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sbwinter2 (talk • contribs) 03:57, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You used BASIC on Plato?! What year(s) was that? —Tamfang (talk) 06:26, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It was while at Uni High in Urbana in 1979/1980. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sbwinter2 (talk • contribs) 16:50, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

 * A TUTOR lesson ('basicx' if I remember right) allowed users (like Sbwinter2 above) to type in short (up to 90 lines) basic programs. It could 'compile' these programs into an internal P-code and execute the users's BASIC program by interpreting the P-Code. It was designed by Axel Schreiner who, at the time, was a Computer Science PhD student of Professor H. George Friedman. Later Schreiner was on the faculty of University of Ulm. I believe BasicX was operational by the fall of 1973. I was an undergrad student at that time and assisted in the development of basicx. Larryw24 (talk) 10:24, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * We visited Schreiner in Ulm in 1975, for whatever that's worth. —Tamfang (talk) 17:06, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It certainly suggests that that's where he was. 208.54.85.144 (talk) 12:51, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

I was also using PLATO in grade school, at South Side Elementary in Champaign, from 1978 to 1983 or so when South Side closed. After that I continued to use PLATO in my dad's office in the Math department, then at Uni High 1984 to 1990, for things like US History and more advanced math. The games were a wonderful way to learn basic math skills. Make-A-Monster, Pizza Factory, How The West Was One Plus Three Minus Two (or whatever the numbers were), all made learning fun. Does anyone know if this was one of the earliest uses of computer education in elementary schools? Either way, it was a major part of the system. The list of educational games was one of the longest lists of program types. Hmm...a lot of them were written by...Shannon Dougdale? Something like that, anyway. I think. Anyone know? Critterkeeper (talk) 21:39, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Talkomatic
Minor point: I believe talkomatic allowed 5 users to talk to each other simultaneously, not 6 as the article currently mentions. Talkomatic had roughly 5 channels. Each channel could hold roughly 5 (I believe it was exactly 5) conversants. The conversants could type simultaneously, and, on a per-character basis, their text would appear on the other conversant's screens. It was also possible for people to look in ("monitor") a channel without talking. People sometimes used the monitor feature when a channel was full. Monitoring could also be used when the channel was not full. Channels could be locked, for private conversation. There was also (possibly later) something called "minitalko". I do not remember exactly what that did. - ATBS 19Aug09 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.112.25.123 (talk) 10:15, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Argh, now I'm trying to remember what 'minitalko' was, and the memory is just out of reach! —Tamfang (talk) 17:01, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Thinking about that a little, it seems like minitalko might have given exactly one channel of talkomatic. It also seems like the inspect code to minitalko was open, intentionally, so people could clone it.  I seem to remember it did get cloned a few times.  But I am not at all sure about any of these things - I mention them because maybe they'll jog someone else's memory.  Who wrote talkomatic, anyway? -- ATBS 20Aug09  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.112.25.123 (talk) 11:19, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Later: there is good talkomatic info here: http://thinkofit.com/plato/dwplato.htm (including confirmation that there were only 5 channels). According to that page, Doug Brown wrote talkomatic. - ATBS 20AUg09  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.112.25.123 (talk) 11:26, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

 * It'd be nice if talkomatic had its own wikipedia page, especially in light of Google Wave. An article on cnn.com right now glorifies Google wave for having communication where other people's keystrokes show up in real time.  Genius or not, talkomatic had that 35 years ago. 71.112.25.123 (talk) 09:34, 28 October 2009 (UTC)ATBS

 * Talkomatic was also different from "talk", which sent a one-line message across the bottom of your screen, like bitnetting. --Bluejay Young (talk) 23:11, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

internet PLATO?
= same thing or not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ILoveSky (talk • contribs) 01:00, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

Assessment
First time I've done this but a request was posted by and I figured I'd give it a crack. I've given the article a C rating. There's lots of good material and it appears to be well cited. Some of the sections are long-winded. The External inks section needs to be thinned (see WP:EL). Organization of the article could be improved - I'd start by introducing some sub-headings. The article feels heavy on historical information and lighter on description of the system, capabilities and uses and other such facts. This is the first time I've heard of PLATO so don't feel comfortable giving an importance rating. --Kvng (talk) 21:31, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

 * My feeling is that it has a low importance rating, although this could be challenged if it is shown that PLATO produced a large base of ideas that resulted in later systems and products, as did the hardware and software developments at Xerox PARC. I first encountered PLATO while an undergraduate engineering student in the mid-1970s and was not favorably impressed.  The educational material seemed rather shallow and even to the casual observer it was clear that developing educational material for the system was too expensive and time consuming — the average college instructor or professor would find it cumbersome and inefficient, compared to presenting lectures and distributing printed handouts.  The hardware that I saw at the time also rubbed me the wrong way.  It consisted of rather low-resolution neon-orange plasma displays with simple on-off capability per pixel, rather hard on the eyes compared to typical cathode ray tubes of the day or paper printouts. Neither students nor instructors flocked to CDC's cause, even though the university I attended used a Control Data mainframe for batch processing of academic programming assignments and exercises.—QuicksilverT @ 17:31, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The PLATO network introduced a number of technologies that later evolved into now familiar concepts we use on the Internet. I grew up with instant messaging in 1980 (I'm not sure when it was actually introduced, I was 4 when I first got to use my dad's terminal) - this was almost 2 decades prior to AOL Instant Messenger.  There were a number of other technologies that were first introduced on the PLATO network.  If your experience was merely that of a student rather than an end user, I could see how you may have missed out on a lot.  Personally, I feel that this article needs to be greatly expanded to properly document how revolutionary this was for the time, and how it shaped our Internet experiences today.  I missed having a touch screen monitor that was part of the 2nd generation terminals until last year when I got one with my smartphone and tablet.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 56.0.143.25 (talk) 14:12, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The comments about the merits of the educational material may well be valid, though it may depend on the subject area. Also, while it wasn't all that successful in a university setting, it was quite successful in  more specialized applications such as the training programs of the US FAA, which remained in operation until around 2005.  The merit of PLATO as a source of "a large base of ideas that resulted in later systems..." isn't in the academic ("courseware") area, though.  Instead, it is in multi-user interactive applications, social media, and games.  For example, as was pointed out, Lotus Notes is a direct descendant of PLATO Notes (both in what it does and who created it). Paul Koning (talk) 18:45, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Question about upper/lower-case letters
I notice that a lot of program names are written in lower case letters. Why is this the case? SharkD  Talk  03:41, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

 * All filenames were lowercase. —Tamfang (talk) 10:00, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Password security bug
I was at U of I 1974-78, and I remember an event when a bug was discovered in the password system. I'm foggy on the details, but this is what I recall (some or all of which may be incorrect): There was a special password which gave privileged access, sort of a "root" password. Surprisingly, this password was well known, but it contained a special character (0x00 I think) which could not be typed because there was no such key on the keyboard. A password consisted of ten 6 bit characters which were packed into a 60 bit word and subtracted from the "root" password. If the result equaled zero, the passwords matched. After some time, someone discovered that, because the CDC was a 1's complement machine, the 1's complement (logical NOT) of the root password also passed the test! When this pseudo-password was subtracted from the root password, the result was all 1's, which is "negative zero" on 1's complement machines, as since negative zero equals zero, this password gave privileged access too. There was some kind of scramble at that point to change the password and/or fix the flaw in the algorithm.

I'd be interested to know how much of this I'm remembering correctly and any more details about the event. I don't know if this discovery was made by an insider or a malicious attacker; if the latter this was probably one of the earliest computer intrusions based on a security flaw. In any case it might be a good addition to the article.

Mnudelman (talk) 18:36, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Got sources? Yworo (talk) 14:43, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

 * No, no sources, only memories. I'm hoping someone can find a reliable source for this incident.  Mnudelman (talk) 18:50, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Very interesting. I suspect this has to do not with passwords (which are hashed and don't have leading zeroes) but the "editing codeword" -- essentially a file password.  Those are stored in the clear in file metadata.  Some special values, like "no access", or "can be edited by members of group s" were encoded by specific strings with leading zeroes, which could not be typed since all typeable characters are non-zero.
 * I just looked at the code that checks the user-supplied codeword with the file codeword. It does an XOR (not a subtract) of the two values and looks for zero, but there is an explicit check there to catch the "complement case" -- the scenario you mentioned.  The oldest copy of the relevant files I have is from around 1978.  It's quite possible that the check I see was not originally there and it was added as a result of the discovery you mentioned; I can't tell from the available data.  I also have a document that discusses changes to the PLATO system between 1972 and 1976; it doesn't seem to be mentioned there.

If you can come up with any more details, that would be interesting. Paul Koning (talk) 19:20, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, I left U of I in summer of 1978 and I'm pretty sure this incident was at least a year before that, but definitely not before early 1975 when I started using Plato. I'd guess that the extra check for the complement case that you're seeing was added after the incident.  "Leading zeros" does ring a bell, but I haven't been able to remember any other details that might help.  Too bad it's not mentioned in the change list.  Mnudelman (talk) 16:14, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Green?
Does it bother anyone else that the lead-in image for the article, the PLATO screen shot of the fractional distillation lesson, is green? 50.181.30.121 (talk) 19:26, 4 May 2014 (UTC)

Possible misunderstanding
Consider the following paragraph:

"Built on a CDC 1604, given to them by William Norris, PLATO III could simultaneously run up to 20 lessons, and was used by a local facilities in Champaign-Urbana that could enter the system with their custom terminals."

The opening phrase suggests that a CDC was used to write the software, but perhaps it's meant to say that this implementation was designed to run on one.

"20 lessons" could mean a variety of ways of counting "lessons".

"a local facilities" makes no sense.

"enter the system with" suggests that the terminals could be used to administer the software, or the courses, whereas the probable intent is to say that students could interact with the computer running PLATO via certain terminals.

"custom terminals" leaves open the question of who designed and made the terminals, and whether they were only usable for this one application. 172.56.27.15 (talk) 12:42, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

audio medium

 * A hard drive for Audio snippets: The random-access audio device used a magnetic disc with a capacity to hold 17 total minutes of pre-recorded audio.

I remember (caseless) floppy discs a foot wide, but not a hard drive. —Tamfang (talk) 05:31, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

Touchscreen innovation year wrong?
https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2430 article says 1964 but this link says 1972. 88.114.4.142 (talk) 04:23, 13 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:PLATO (computer system)


text:
ALWD

ALWD may refer to:
 * Association of Legal Writing Directors, a nonprofit professional association of directors and former directors of legal research, writing, analysis, and advocacy programs from law schools in the United States, Canada and Australia
 * ALWD Guide to Legal Citation (formerly ALWD Citation Manual), a style guide providing a legal citation system for the United States compiled by the Association of Legal Writing Directors

title: ALWD


text:
The Metadata Company

Metadata is the name of a US corporation and a registered trademark in the United States.

Though the term "metadata" has a common generic use in information technology, claims of trademark have since brought about legal threats against its use in the generic sense.

History
The word Metadata was registered in 1986 as a trademark (U.S. Trademark Registration No. 1,409,206) belonging to The Metadata Company.. It was acknowledged that the term was first used in 1981 and the first commercial use tracked to 1982. The trademark was granted incontestable status in 1991. Metadata is a proprietary mark which stands for The Metadata Company.

The Metadata Company has since attempted to threaten people legally into not using the word "metadata" in the generic sense. Many people believe that due to the widespread use of the word "metadata" in the generic sense as "data about data", it is likely that the "Metadata" trademark has entered the public domain by becoming a general term. This was the legal opinion expressed by the Office of the Solicitor of the United States Department of the Interior to the Federal Geographic Data Committee when the latter was threatened by Metadata's lawyers for its use of the word "metadata" in a generic sense. However, no judge has as yet ruled the trademark invalid.

title: The Metadata Company


text:
Dave Jones (footballer, born 1956)

David Ronald Jones (born 17 August 1956) is an English former footballer and manager who was most recently the manager of Hartlepool United.

Jones played for Everton, Coventry and Preston North End as a defender. In 1995, he became the manager of Stockport County, guiding the team to a League Cup semi-final and automatic promotion to the second tier of English football in 1997.

He left Stockport to become the manager of Southampton in the Premier League, where he stayed for over 100 games until he was suspended by the club in January 2000, after his arrest on charges of child abuse. When the case came to court, the judge recorded a not guilty verdict. Jones later spoke of his bitterness about the handling of the case and claimed it was the cause of his father's death, who had died shortly after the allegations became public.

In 2001, Jones became the manager of Wolverhampton Wanderers, guiding the club to promotion to the Premier League in the 2002–03 season, though they were relegated the following season and he was dismissed by Wolves in November 2004.

Jones had a six-year spell in charge of Cardiff City between 2005 and 2011. They reached the FA Cup final in 2008, losing 1–0 to Portsmouth. Cardiff lost the 2010 Championship Play-off Final 3–2 against Blackpool. After failing to achieve promotion with Cardiff, losing to Reading the following season in a play-off semi-final, Jones was dismissed by the club on 30 May 2011.

He was appointed manager of Sheffield Wednesday on 1 March 2012, guiding the club to finishing second in League One, thus gaining automatic promotion to the Championship. Jones was dismissed by Wednesday in December 2013. After a three-year absence from management, he was appointed manager at Hartlepool United in January 2017.

Playing career
Jones started his professional career with Everton in his home city of Liverpool. He played as a defender with the team for seven years, during which time he represented England at youth and under-21 level.

He left Everton to play for Coventry City in 1979 for a transfer fee of £275,000 – after three seasons he picked up a knee injury which threatened to end his football career.

After recovering from this injury, he played two further seasons for Seiko in Hong Kong and one season for Preston North End before retiring. Jones first went to Hong Kong on 2 April 1981 on loan from Coventry City for the remainder of the season, teammate Jim Hagan had already settled in the squad. At the end of the season, Seiko won the league championship for the third time in a row as well as the Hong Kong FA Cup.

After his release from Coventry City, Jones joined Seiko on a permanent basis at the start of the 1982–83 season, playing 22 games for Seiko during the season, including a friendly with a "Brazil Stars Team" on 12 December 1982, the game ended 0–0 and was decided by penalties. Jones took and scored a penalty, but Seiko went on to lose 3–2. He was also selected in the squad of Hong Kong League XI, led by Dutch coach George Knobel, to face French side Monaco on 9 January 1982, which ended in a 1–0 win for the Hong Kong League XI.

After retiring from professional football he went on to become assistant manager to Bryan Griffiths at Southport, where he also made two appearances as a player, before they both left and took up identical roles at Mossley for the 1988–89 season. He made two appearances for Mossley whilst at the club.

Stockport County
In July 1990, he joined Stockport County as a manager for their youth team and took over as first-team manager from Danny Bergara in March 1995. He took the team into the First Division from an automatic promotion place in 1997. He also took the club to the semi-finals of the League Cup where they were narrowly defeated 2–1 on aggregate by Middlesbrough despite an impressive win at the Riverside Stadium. During the same cup run, Stockport also defeated Sheffield United, Blackburn Rovers, Southampton and West Ham United, all of whom were in higher divisions than the club at the time.

Southampton
This promotion brought him to the attention of Southampton, who offered him a contract to manage their Premier League team. His reign during the 1999–2000 season was rocked by his arrest on charges of child abuse during his employment as a care worker in the late 1980s.

The case put tremendous strain on Jones, who was forced to defend his case on Merseyside whilst managing a team based over 200 miles away on the south coast. In January 2000, Southampton decided to suspend him on full pay until the case was resolved, with Glenn Hoddle taking over his managerial duties.

When the case eventually came to court, it was thrown out in its first week, with the judge recording a not guilty verdict and commenting that the case "should have never reached the trial stage". Southampton paid off the remainder of Jones' contract and he left the club. Jones contended that this amounted to unfair dismissal and took the case to industrial tribunal, but Southampton's decision was upheld.

Wolverhampton Wanderers
Jones took over at Wolverhampton Wanderers, signing a three-year contract on 3 January 2001. The side were then sitting 12th in the First Division, after a poor first half to the season under Colin Lee. Results continued to remain indifferent though and the side eventually finished 12th.

The summer of 2001 saw Jones undertake a large overhaul of the playing squad in the pursuit of promotion. He spent over £7 million – the largest spending in the club's history in one transfer period – bringing in the likes of Nathan Blake, Colin Cameron, Mark Kennedy, Alex Rae and Shaun Newton. Additional firepower was also later purchased in Kenny Miller and a cut-price Dean Sturridge.

The only major disappointment from the players Jones signed as he rejuvenated Wolves was Belgian striker Cédric Roussel, a £1.5million signing from Coventry City in February 2001. Roussel was one of the most expensive players ever signed by Wolves but he played just 27 times and scored twice in 18 months.

Jones's new-look team quickly made an impact, hitting the top of the league by late September, and remaining in the automatic promotion spots over the following months. He won the Division One Manager of the Month Award in February 2002, as part of a sequence of ten wins from eleven games. By mid-March, they sat in second place, with an eleven point lead over their arch-rivals and nearest challengers West Bromwich Albion.

However, the final nine games saw Wolves take just ten points from 27 available, while Albion, in contrast, won eight of their final ten fixtures to overtake their rivals and pip them to promotion on the final day of the season. Jones suffered more disappointment when his side compounded their poor end to the campaign by losing their play-off semi-final to Norwich City.

The following season proved a similar rollercoaster ride for Jones. Inconsistent early form left them well off the pace for automatic promotion and a dismal Christmas period saw him under increasing pressure as they weren't even in the playoff zone. An FA Cup win over top flight Newcastle United seemed to reverse fortunes though, and his side lost just two of their remaining twenty games to finish fifth, in the play-off zone. The FA Cup run lasted until the quarter-finals.

They overcame Reading in the semi-finals and 3–0 victory over Sheffield United in the final at Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, saw Jones become the manager who returned Wolves to the top level of English football for the first time since 1984, and the man who achieved the chairman Jack Hayward's ambition of Premier League football after eleven years, millions of pounds spent on players and four previous managers.

Jones had just £4 million to spend in the summer preparing for Premier League football. However, the team was significantly weakened by long-term injuries to Joleon Lescott and Matt Murray, and began the season missing several other key components of their promotion campaign. The side endured a very poor start to the campaign, shipping nine goals in two games, and remaining winless until their eighth match. Although, he oversaw several impressive results – most notably defeating a full strength Manchester United 1–0 in the league on 17 January 2004 – his side was mired in the relegation zone for almost all the season and was duly relegated in 20th place with 33 points. They only won eight league games all season, and failed to win a single away game.

Their relegation was effectively confirmed on 1 May despite an impressive win over Everton, which left them needing a mathematical miracle to finish outside the bottom three, and the following weekend their survival became mathematically impossible.

Jones aimed for an immediate return to the Premier League in 2004–05, but had to begin the season once again under a cloud of injuries. His squad was now ageing, with most of the players bought as experienced pros in 2001 still forming the core. The side failed to live up to expectations and managed just four wins from the first fifteen games, leaving them 17th. As pressure mounted, he was sacked on 1 November 2004, after a final loss against a Gillingham side reduced to ten men, a side who had been on the receiving end of a 6–0 Wolves victory in their previous meeting just before the promotion 18 months earlier.

Cardiff City
During Jones' first season in charge of Cardiff City, they achieved a respectable 11th place in the Championship. Re-building over the summer of 2006, Jones forged a talented side who found themselves at the top of the Championship. However, after a strong start, poor form later in the season led to Cardiff City finishing the season in 13th.

On 29 September 2007, Jones was sent to the stands during a league match against Barnsley after criticising referee Phil Dowd over a penalty decision. He was formally charged with misconduct on 2 October. Jones countered by claiming: "I was angry with the referee because I think he was the only person in the stadium that didn't think it was a penalty. He didn't make a big call."

He also complained that Dowd ordered him into a section of the stadium containing Barnsley fans and feared that his safety had been put at risk. He faced an FAW hearing about the incident and was found guilty, resulting in a two-match touchline ban, which he served in the Championship match against Plymouth Argyle and the third round FA Cup tie against Chasetown.

On 9 March 2008, Jones led Cardiff to their first FA Cup semi-final tie since 1927 after beating Premier League side Middlesbrough 2–0 in the quarter-finals. On 6 April, Cardiff City beat Barnsley 1–0 at Wembley to book an FA Cup Final place against Portsmouth. Cardiff City lost the final, played on 17 May 2008, with the only goal of the game being scored by Nwankwo Kanu for Portsmouth after 37 minutes.

The start of the 2008–09 season saw veterans Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, Robbie Fowler and Trevor Sinclair released and the sales of some of the team's biggest assets in Glenn Loovens and Aaron Ramsey. Despite this, Jones brought in several new faces and by November Cardiff found themselves in a play-off spot, earning Jones the Championship manager of the month for October. However, after spending the majority of the season in a play-off position, the side missed out on the final day of the season after suffering a 1–0 defeat against Sheffield Wednesday. Despite missing out on the play-offs, Jones had led Cardiff to their highest league position for 38 years.

The start of the 2009–10 season saw Cardiff in top form, beating Scunthorpe United 4–0 putting them top. In the first five games, Cardiff were only in the top two until a 1–0 defeat against Newcastle United which put Cardiff eighth. On 7 November 2009, Jones earned the Championship Manager of the Month for October, the same day Cardiff lost the first South Wales derby 3–2 at Liberty Stadium. At the end of the season, Jones took Cardiff to their highest finish in the league in 39 years, fourth place, meaning they would take part in the play-offs. Cardiff beat Leicester at the Walkers Stadium 1–0, thanks to Peter Whittingham's free kick but lost the second leg 3–2, resulting in extra time. The match eventually went to penalties with Cardiff winning 4–3. In the Play-off Final at Wembley, Cardiff suffered a 3–2 defeat to Blackpool.

In the 2010–11 season, Cardiff started the season with four wins out of five games. By the end of October, Cardiff had only lost two games and Jones received the October Championship Manager of the Month, whilst leading scorer Jay Bothroyd won Player of the Month. The club suffered a big loss of form in November and December, with only two wins out of nine games. They finished the season in fourth place behind rivals Swansea City. Cardiff then faced fifth placed Reading in the play-off semi-final, where they lost 3–0 on aggregate.

Jones was later sacked from Cardiff City on 30 May 2011.

Sheffield Wednesday
Jones was appointed Sheffield Wednesday boss on 1 March 2012, replacing Gary Megson who was sacked the day before.

His first official game in charge was against Bury and Wednesday came out 4–1 winners, the following game ended with a 3–0 win after three goals in the first ten minutes. After leading Wednesday to five wins and a draw during his first month in charge, Jones was awarded League One Manager of the Month for March 2012. Jones then led Wednesday to another five wins and a draw during his second month in charge and was awarded the Manager of the Month award for April 2012. On 5 May 2012, Jones led Wednesday to promotion from Football League One to the Championship after beating Wycombe Wanderers 2–0.

Jones' first game in charge of Sheffield Wednesday in the Championship was a 2–2 draw away to Derby on 18 August 2012. Two home wins in the next two matches and a League Cup victory over Premier League side Fulham saw Jones stretch his unbeaten start as Sheffield Wednesday manager to eighteen matches. Jones' first defeat eventually came on 1 September 2012 after eighteen games unbeaten, a 2–1 loss away to Crystal Palace. Jones returned to his former side Cardiff for the first time as Sheffield Wednesday manager on 2 December 2012, losing 1–0.

In February 2013, Jones was fined £2,000 and given a one-match touchline ban by the FA for misconduct after a fracas on the touchline with Brighton & Hove Albion coach Charlie Oatway during Wednesday's 3–1 victory over Brighton. Jones later said that he disagreed with his fine and described Oatway as a "nobody".

Jones was dismissed on 1 December 2013, with the club second from bottom in the Championship, having won only one league match all season.

Hartlepool United
On 18 January 2017, Jones returned to football management when he joined Hartlepool United of League Two. Jones joined with the North-East club 19th in the table and four points clear of the relegation zone. Jones lost his first game as Pools manager 3–1 to bottom of the table side Newport County. Hartlepool's form deteriorated further, winning only 13 points from a potential 51, and left the club by mutual consent on 24 April 2017.

During Jones' last match in charge of Hartlepool, club president Jeff Stelling urged him to quit, in an impassioned speech on Soccer Saturday, following a home defeat to Barnet which had placed Hartlepool in the bottom two. Notified of this public criticism afterwards, Jones told reporters that Stelling showed a "lack of respect" and accused him of being "hypocritical", having been in his office when Hartlepool had gone five games without a loss.

Upon Jones' departure, Hartlepool striker Billy Paynter criticised the manager's tactics. Despite Hartlepool winning their final game of the season against Doncaster Rovers, a late goal from Newport consigned Pools to relegation from the Football League for the first time after joining in 1921.

Post-Hartlepool
In April 2018, Jones applied for the role of head coach of the Malaysian national team but was unsuccessful.

Jones began working as a consultant at Bury in July 2019. His first task with the club was helping them to appoint Paul Wilkinson as manager. Jones left Bury following the club's expulsion from the Football League in August 2019.

Acquittal of child abuse
In June 1999, Jones was formally questioned by police over alleged sexual abuse at St George's School in Formby, Merseyside, a home for children with educational and behavioural problems, where he had been employed as a care worker from 1986 to 1990. After voluntarily attending the police station, he was arrested then questioned, before being released on bail without charge.

He was subsequently charged on 27 September with nine offences against young boys of indecent assault and child cruelty. He denied all the allegations and stated he was "confident that [his] innocence will be established in due course". He appeared before Merseyside Magistrates Court on 2 November 1999, where he formally pleaded not guilty to all charges and was granted bail.

The case reached Liverpool Crown Court in December 2000, by which time Jones had left Southampton. He stood trial on an eventual 21 charges, which was swiftly reduced to 14, after two other alleged victims pulled out of proceedings on the eve of the trial. After a further alleged victim declined to appear or refused to give evidence, the judge directed the jury during the fourth day of proceedings to return a formal not guilty verdict on four charges relating to the absent party. After decreeing a retrial would not be "just" on the remaining charges, the judge recorded not guilty verdicts on the remaining ten charges. Jones was cleared of all allegations.

One of the key alleged victims was later found to have fabricated their claim of abuse in Jones' and other cases brought from Operation Care – the police investigation into child abuse – to win compensation. Jones himself later spoke bitterly of the handling of the case and claimed it was the cause of his father's death, who had died shortly after the allegations became public.

Playing statistics
Source:

Managerial statistics
Source:

As a player
Everton
 * League Cup runner-up: 1976–77

Seiko SA
 * Hong Kong First Division League: 1980–81, 1982–83
 * Hong Kong FA Cup: 1980–81

As a manager
Stockport County
 * Football League Second Division runner-up: 1996–97

Wolverhampton Wanderers
 * Football League First Division play-offs: 2003

Cardiff City
 * FA Cup runner-up: 2007–08
 * Football League Championship play-off runner-up: 2010

Sheffield Wednesday
 * Football League One runner-up: 2011–12

Individual
 * LMA Manager of the Year: 1998
 * Football League First Division Manager of the Month: September 2001, February 2002
 * Football League Championship Manager of the Month: August 2006, January 2008, October 2008, October 2009, October 2010
 * Football League One Manager of the Month: March 2012, April 2012

title: Dave Jones (footballer, born 1956)


text:
Elan Valley

The Elan Valley (Cwm Elan) is a river valley situated to the west of Rhayader, in Powys, Wales, sometimes known as the "Welsh Lake District". It covers 70 sqmi of lake and countryside.

The valley contains the Elan Valley Reservoirs and Elan Village, designed by architect Herbert Tudor Buckland as part of the same scheme. Elan Village is the only purpose-built Arts and Crafts "Model Village" in Wales.

It is also famous for its picturesque scenery. Over 80% of the valley is designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, and a popular cycle trail, the Elan Valley Trail, makes a loop from Rhayader around the reservoirs. Part of the trail overlaps with a spur of National Cycle Route 81 (Lon Cambria).

As of 2015 it is an International Dark Sky Park.

title: Elan Valley


text:
Donnie Sterling

Donnie Sterling is a musician brought in by Parlet's Mallia Franklin in 1978 as Parlet's band leader and bass player. After writing three songs on Parlet's second album, Invasion of the Booty Snatchers, Sterling and Franklin both left Parlet in 1979.

Sterling became P-Funk writer for producers George Clinton and Ron Dunbar. Sterling and Franklin attempted to form a P-Funk offspring group Sterling Silver Starship in 1979. An album was recorded, but never released.

Sterling left P Funk in 1981 and formed a group, Kiddo, which was managed by Felix Raymond Rideaux. He recorded two Kiddo albums for A&M Records in the early 1980s.

title: Donnie Sterling


text:
Michael Bryant (politician)

Michael J. Bryant (born April 13, 1966) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician. He was the CEO of Legal Aid BC from January 2022 to April 2024. Previously, he was executive director and general counsel for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.

Bryant was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the downtown Toronto riding of St. Paul's from 1999 to 2009. He was a senior member of Dalton McGuinty's provincial cabinet, first as Attorney General, being the province's youngest-ever to hold that post, and subsequently as Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, Minister of Economic Development and Government House Leader.

Bryant left provincial politics to take up the newly created post of chief executive officer of Invest Toronto, a municipal agency with a mandate to attract investment and facilitate economic development. An altercation with a cyclist in 2009 led to Bryant being charged for the cyclist's death; the charges were withdrawn in 2010.

Background
Bryant was raised in the Greater Victoria area of British Columbia, where his father Ray was mayor of Esquimalt from 1966 to 1969. Known for his "pugnacious streak", he trained as a boxer from childhood.

He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of British Columbia in 1988, and a Master's degree from the same institution in 1989. Bryant was also a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity at UBC. He graduated as in 1992 from Osgoode Hall Law School at York University in Toronto with a law degree. and was the silver medalist of his year. He then earned an LL.M. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1994. Bryant is a Fulbright Fellow. He clerked at the Supreme Court of Canada in 1992–93, and was later a lawyer at the firm of Sullivan & Cromwell in New York City, as well as lecturing in law at King's College London in England, and practicing litigation at McCarthy Tétrault. In 1997, he became an adjunct professor in international law at the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto.

Bryant was married to Susan Abramovitch, an entertainment lawyer, and they have two children, Sadie and Louis. The couple separated in December 2010.

Politics
Bryant was elected to the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1999, defeating incumbent Progressive Conservative cabinet minister Isabel Bassett in St. Paul's by almost 5,000 votes. Earlier, Bryant became the Liberal Party's nominee by defeating future premier Kathleen Wynne, 328 votes to 143. The Progressive Conservative government was re-elected, and Bryant served in Opposition Critic to the Attorney General for the next four years.

He was re-elected by a greater majority in the provincial election of 2003. The Liberals won a majority government in this election, and Bryant was appointed Ontario Attorney General and Minister with responsibility for Native Affairs and Democratic Renewal. While Attorney General he helped create Ontario's controversial Stunt Driving law, aimed at reducing street racing, and supported seizing and crushing vehicles that had been modified for street racing. Bryant was also a strong proponent of a complete ban on handguns in Canada, at one point launching a website named "No Gun, No Funeral".

Bryant was re-elected in the 2007 election. He was appointed as Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Government House Leader on October 30, 2007. On September 18, 2008, he became Minister of Economic Development, replacing Sandra Pupatello.

On May 23, 2009, Bryant announced that he would leave provincial politics to become CEO of the newly established Invest Toronto corporation, with Dalton McGuinty taking over his portfolio of Economic Development. Bryant denied that his departure was as a result of a falling out with McGuinty, though reports suggested that Bryant's outspoken nature and ambition for the Premier's job may have been controversial within McGuinty's inner circle. Bryant's resignation was effective June 7, 2009. Eric Hoskins retained the seat for the Liberals in a by-election held on September 17, 2009.

2009 criminal charges
On September 1, 2009, Bryant was taken into police custody after an altercation with cyclist Darcy Allan Sheppard on a downtown Toronto street which resulted in Sheppard's death. Bryant was later charged with criminal negligence causing death and dangerous driving causing death with respect to the incident. On May 25, 2010, prosecutor Richard Peck withdrew all charges against Bryant stemming from the incident, noting there was "no reasonable prospect of conviction".

Incident
On the evening of August 31, 2009, Bryant and his wife were driving home in his convertible after celebrating their 12th wedding anniversary. They passed a cyclist, Darcy Allan Sheppard, who according to an interview with Bryant was tossing garbage and holding up traffic by executing figure eights on his bike. As they neared a pedestrian crossing Sheppard pulled in front of Bryant's vehicle at a red light. Subsequent events were captured by security cameras.

According to Bryant, his vehicle stalled when he stopped behind Sheppard. Bryant's car then lurched forward from his attempts to restart the vehicle, which brought the car close to or in contact with Sheppard's tire. Camera footage of the incident was inconclusive. The Crown suggested no damage to the bicycle's rear wheel rim was evident. Witnesses said that Sheppard confronted Bryant and his wife "loudly and aggressively" while they "remained passive". Bryant's next driving maneuver resulted in Sheppard ending up on the hood of the car: the car travelled 30 feet in 2.5 seconds, at between 9 and 13.4 km/h, and brakes were applied after 1 second. According to Bryant, he was looking down at the time, trying to restart the vehicle, and applied the brakes when he saw Sheppard on the hood. The Crown suggested that there was no evidence Sheppard was seriously injured at this time and there was not enough evidence to justify a separate charge based upon Bryant's driving to this point.

The fatality occurred when Bryant drove away while Sheppard was holding onto the side of the vehicle. Witnesses reported that Sheppard reached into Bryant's convertible and grabbed either Bryant or the car's steering wheel. At no point did Bryant attempt to stop. The car then veered into the opposite lanes, which caused Sheppard to strike a roadside fire hydrant. The collision knocked him off the car and his head hit the pavement. Bryant drove away from the scene to a nearby hotel. Three minutes later, he called 9-1-1. Sheppard later died of his injuries in hospital. The police did not thoroughly investigate whether Bryant was driving under the influence.

Aftermath
Bryant was released the next day by the police on his own recognizance without a bail hearing. In a public statement, he maintained that he was innocent of the charges and extended condolences to Sheppard's family. The terms of Bryant's release required him to abstain from driving, surrender his passport and remain in Ontario. He was represented by Marie Henein. Bryant also resigned as CEO of Invest Toronto, saying that the arrest would act as a distraction for the corporation.

Bryant's actions and arrest were a subject of controversy in Canadian media. Bryant hired a public relations firm, Navigator Ltd., while a campaign emerged on blogs and social networks that attempted to cast Sheppard in a favourable light. A Twitter account run by Navigator was countered by another Twitter account set up by public relations professional Don Wiedman. On YouTube, an anonymous user posted videos of the surveillance footage broadcast by CTV News, CityTV News, and CBC News.

The Ministry of the Attorney General appointed British Columbia's Richard Peck as the prosecutor to avoid any conflict-of-interest, as Bryant had appointed judges when he served as Attorney General of Ontario. His first court date was scheduled for October 19, 2009. The matter was adjourned six times.

On May 25, 2010, prosecutor Richard Peck withdrew all charges against Bryant stemming from the incident, noting there was "no reasonable prospect of conviction". Peck said that "[Bryant] was attacked by a man who unfortunately was in a rage. [Bryant] was legally justified in his attempt to get away", and noted that Sheppard had run-ins with six other motorists in the same month before his encounter with Bryant, and was witnessed throwing traffic cones in front of cars at the corner of Bloor and Yonge less than twenty minutes before the incident. The decision to withdraw charges was criticised by Marli Epp, a spokesperson for the Toronto Bike Messenger Association and Yvonne Bambrick, Executive Director of the Toronto Cyclists Union.

In August 2012, Bryant published a book, 28 Seconds, his memoir of Sheppard's death and of Bryant's own experience with and recovery from alcoholism.

Later life
In December 2009, Bryant returned to the private practice of law and joined Norton Rose LLP (formerly Ogilvy Renault) as Senior Advisor and was involved with commercial and investment matters relating to energy, natural resources and infrastructure/public-private partnerships. In 2012 he moved to the Ishkonigan, a consulting and mediation firm owned by Phil Fontaine, where he accepted a position as a principal.

In 2015 he began to work for Legal Aid Ontario as a criminal defence duty counsel. In 2016, he was working in partnership with King Law Chambers as a criminal defence lawyer for the indigent and indigenous, and negotiating aboriginal land claims for First Nations. In 2018 he was appointed executive director and general counsel for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.

In October 2021, he was appointed chief executive officer of Legal Aid BC. His term began January 17, 2022. He left the post in April, 2024.

title: Michael Bryant (politician)


text:
Mommy's Little Monster (album)

Mommy's Little Monster is the debut studio album by American punk rock band Social Distortion, released in 1983 through their vanity label 13th Floor Records. The album is notably different in its tone and quality from the band's subsequent releases, featuring styles of traditional punk rock, both traditional hardcore and melodic hardcore, and pop-punk. This is Social Distortion's only studio album to feature bassist Brent Liles and drummer Derek O'Brien, both of whom were out of the band by early 1984 and would be replaced by John Maurer and Chris Reece respectively. The album received underground acclaim from punk rock fanzines, and it has been acknowledged as influential and inspirational to the then-burgeoning pop-punk and skate punk scenes.

Background
In 1982, Social Distortion took part in the tour with Youth Brigade (as chronicled in the documentary Another State of Mind). Mommy's Little Monster was recorded at The Casbah in Fullerton, California, on December 24, 1982. They recorded the album in a single session for numerous hours to cut down studio costs.

Reissues
Mommy's Little Monster was reissued several times, with different formats and labels. The album was originally released on vinyl LP in 1983 on 13th Floor Records, a label owned by their manager at the time, Monk Rock.

The Triple X Records label reissued the album on CD, vinyl, and cassette in 1989. Six years later, Mommy's Little Monster was re-issued once again when Ness started Time Bomb Recordings with some of the profits he made from Social Distortion's Epic releases and reissued Mommy's Little Monster on vinyl, cassette and CD through a distribution deal with Arista Records. A third reissue was released in 2010 on Epitaph Records in Europe and the United Kingdom. A gramophone picture disc version of Mommy's Little Monster was released in 2001.

Reception
Paul Tinelli of AllMusic gave Mommy's Little Monster four out of five stars and called it "the epitome of early-'80s suburban California punk and provided inspiration for many future Californians, including the Offspring and Rancid" and said that it "finds the band supplying plenty of attitude and aggression as they rip through nine tracks worth of hard, fast, power chord-filled tracks loaded with snarling anti-establishment lyrics and themes." Tinelli also stated that "The Creeps" and "Telling Them" "show a young punk group that is very angry, and they were going to let society know it whether they wanted to hear it or not", and adds that the title track "Mommy's Little Monster" "gives you a good idea of the characters Social Distortion was surrounded by in the scene of the day."

In a 1984 Trouser Press review, Don Howland said, "Cruising on a buzz of non-stop stun guitar and Ness' smoky deadpan vocals, this catchy-as-dermatophytosis punk pop is a surprisingly sophisticated product of the LA underground. Ness proves to be one of current punks better songwriters." Howland concluded that calling the album an "instant classic,...sounds about right."

Tim Yohannan of Maximumrocknroll said "You've got to know by now what Social Distortion sound like—those distinctive vocals, the harmonies, the rockin' guitars, and melodic hooks galore. Their album is filled with more of the same. Nothing here is too frantic except 'The Creeps', which really blazes forth. There's precious little exciting punky-pop around these days, but this is one of the rare examples of it."

Track listing
Earlier versions of "All the Answers" and "Moral Threat" were originally recorded in 1981 and can be heard on the 1995 compilation Mainliner: Wreckage from the Past.

Personnel

 * Mike Ness (as Michael Ness) – vocals, guitars
 * Dennis Danell – guitars
 * Brent Liles – bass guitar
 * Derek O'Brien – drums, backing vocals

In other media
The album’s title track was later used in the game Tony Hawk's Underground, and the live version of the title track was used in the game Guitar Hero: Metallica. "Another State of Mind" was covered by Green Day as a bonus track on 21st Century Breakdown when pre-ordered on iTunes. Blink-182 refer to the album name in their song "Easy Target". Face to Face covers "Telling Them" on their live album.

title: Mommy's Little Monster (album)


text:
Talk:Surreal

Image
OK, what's wrong with a surreal image on a "surreal" disambiguation page? By the way, removing something is not a minor edit -- see Minor edit -- so please don't flag it as such. Reverts should also be accompanied by an explanation. Rls 14:28, 2004 Sep 26 (UTC)

Heh, I think it's a pretty funny addition anyway. We don't seem to have a page on the concept of 'Surreal' itself, so we might as well have a picture that gives an example. --212.85.5.19 11:16, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Brilliant :P 203.97.255.167 03:14, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Here's what's wrong with having an image on a disambiguation page. First of all, Manual of Style (disambiguation pages) discourages the use of images on disambiguation pages. The purpose of a disambiguation page is to provide links to several articles with similar names and to help distinguish (or "disambiguate") between them. Therefore, anything that goes on a disambiguation page should apply to ALL items on that page and should serve the purpose of disambiguation. (The MoS link I've provided gives a good example of where an image serves that exact purpose.) The image of a cow with antlers on a pole is a surreal image, but clearly does not apply to every page on this list, since every page on the list is not about surrealism. (In fact, the image could only apply to Surrealism and Surreal humour, but no other articles.) Furthermore, seeing the justifications given above for having the image on the page, it appears that this image was added as a joke. Yes, I too think the picture is pretty funny. However, Wikipedia strives to be a serious encyclopedia, and this image clearly undermines that purpose. It serves no useful purpose on this page other than to try to be funny. Therefore, this image ought to go. --Hnsampat 00:59, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Surrealism is an artistic movement and surreal humour refers only to humour. There is no page that captures surrealism as an abstract concept, and quite possibly never will be. The disambiguation page therefore is the only place appropriate for an illustration of the abstract concept. I don't follow your argument that the use of humour (clearly appropriate in this case) undermines the 'seriousness' of Wikipedia. 134.83.1.234 14:08, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If I understand you correctly, you would like to keep the image on the page in order to provide a visual definition of "surrealism," correct? In this case, you mean "surrealism" as in "bizarre or dreamlike state"? Well, keep in mind that Wikipedia is not a dictionary and, as such, something should not exist on Wikipedia merely for the purpose of "defining" a concept. If you feel that there currently is no article that appropriately captures the abstract concept of surrealism, then please by all means create such an article. However, we cannot inappropriately place an image on a disambiguation page (i.e. put an image there that does no disambiguation whatsoever) just because "there's nowhere else to put it."

 * I must disagree with you that the concept of "surrealism" is not appropriately captured in any of these articles. I think the concept that we're going for is perfectly defined in both the Surrealism and the Surreal humour articles, namely that surrealism involves the juxtaposition of totally different things to create something rather bizarre. Surrealism as an abstract concept is about the exact same thing (i.e. "bizarre or dreamlike" states result from seeing or visualizing things that just don't belong together.)

 * As far as humor in general goes, the problem is not that the image is inherently funny. The problem is that, based on the arguments put forth at the top of this talk page, it appears that placement of the image on this page was meant to be funny. In other words, I don't think this image was originally put on here for a serious purpose but rather as a joke. Those sort of additions to Wikipedia, which are not meant to improve the article, are what is known as "silly vandalism."

 * So, because the image serves no disambiguation purpose on this disambiguation page, I feel it has to go. Furthermore, I feel that the concept of surrealism is already adequately explained in the articles. However, you may disagree with me. Therefore, I propose a compromise. How about you go ahead and create the Surrealism (abstract concept) article and include the cow image on there instead of on this page? Then, put a link to that page on this disambiguation page. That way, we're both satisfied, in that the inappropriate cow image will be gone from this disambiguation page (which is what I want) and there will be an article properly defining surrealism as an abstract concept (which is what you want). What do you say? --Hnsampat 15:45, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I disagree. I'm not qualified to write a treatise on the concept of surrealness and if I created a stub it would soon be deleted. As it stands the image captures the concept quite well. I also disagree on the style point that disambiguation pages should not have images; it seems that it has not been tested with much discussion. IMO it aids browsing.
 * I don't see that removing the image achieves much. It may satisfy your need to make the page 'clean' but it's hardly inconveniencing anyone. In the worst case, that it is just a joke, it is an appropriate one, and hardly frivolous vandalism as you suggest. Consider that the image has been there a long time on a not particularly obscure page, so most Wikipedians seem happy with it. See also the comments when you tried to delete the image; the general opinion was that it was an appropriate illustration of surrealness. 134.83.1.234 17:52, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair enough. By the way, the comments above were written long before I ever knew this page even existed, and aren't in response to anything I ever did. I don't really know what Wikipedia's consensus on this is, as this issue has mainly been a difference of opinion between you and me (virtually nobody else has edited the article on this matter). But, I won't push the matter any further, although I will slightly modify the caption of the image to make it clear why it is there. By the way, you may want to consider becoming a registered Wikipedian instead of an anonymous IP address, since you seem to be a capable contributor. --Hnsampat 21:37, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

As none of the arguments raised above in favor of keeping the image are in any way in keeping with policy, I have removed it. I have also added a hidden comment discouraging the addition of images, per MOS. ---  RepublicanJacobite  The'FortyFive' 15:16, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Surreal


text: Talk:Mommy's Little Monster (album)

title: Talk:Mommy's Little Monster (album)