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Itapira

Itapira is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 75,234 (2020 est.) in an area of 518 km². The elevation is 643 m.

History
From the eighteenth century, there were already some residents in the region, whose descendants would stand out in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, through the figures of two citizens: João Gonçalves de Morais and Manuel Pereira da Silva, acclaimed the founders of the primitive Itapira, whose first name was "Macuco." João Gonçalves de Morais, possessing a large portion of land in the locality, donated a part of them to the Catholic church. fathers, for the people to venerate as patron of the place, which was placed in a small chapel built of wood and inaugurated on March 19, 1821, when the chaplain, Father Antônio de Araújo Ferraz, celebrated the first mass. October 24, 1820, the toppling of a bush cape was begun on the top of the Morais land, and the chapel was erected there. João Gonçalves de Morais was married to Maria Alve s Leme, who gave him four children: Pedro, Manuel, Antonio and Francisco. There are no accurate records of the dates of his birth and death.

Manuel Pereira, trusted person of João Gonçalves de Morais, was the co-founder of Itapira. He was also the "first protector and procurator" of the image of Our Lady of Penha, according to a document left by João Gonçalves de Morais himself. He also owned large tracts of land and left numerous descendants. His father (or grandfather) seems to have been called Manuel Pereira Velho. It is also said that he married twice, the first with Maria Antônia Pereira da Silva and the second with Maria Isabel Pereira da Silva. Nor is there any concrete data on the dates of his birth and death.

Soon, the evolution of Macuco would have a milestone: the arrival of the rich farmer João Baptista de Araújo Cintra in 1840. To him, a member of the traditional and well-to-do family of farmers in the cities of Atibaia, Bragança Paulista and Amparo, and the beginning of the coffee culture, besides the construction of the chamber, the chain and a large mother church, a temple that served the population for a century, until 1955, when it was demolished. For his pioneering spirit, he was awarded the title of commander of the Imperial Order of the Rose. Emperor Dom Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina received his residence when the monarch was in the city on October 27, 1886. Commander João Cintra, born in Atibaia in 1805, was the son of the lieutenant Jacinto José de Araújo Cintra and of Maria Francisca Cardoso, having married in 1828 with his niece Maria Jacinta de Araújo Cintra. He died in Itapira with advanced age, before the end of the century, leaving numerous descendants.

Another expressive date is that of February 8, 1847, when, by Provincial Law No. 1, sanctioned by the president of the province of São Paulo, Manuel da Fonseca Lima e Silva, the parish was raised to hitherto the Curada chapel of Nossa Senhora da Penha. In 1858, José Joaquim Torres, the president of the province of São Paulo, signed Law 4, creating the town of Nossa Senhora da Penha, whose solemn installation took place on September 20 of that same year, together with the first councilors, who had been elected on September 7, the first mayor being Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Lourenço Cintra.

On April 20, 1871, Provincial Law No. 41 gave the name Penha do Rio do Peixe to the town, still a village of Nossa Senhora da Penha. With this law, the provincial government responded to a request from the chamber. Through the ordinance signed by the president of the province, counselor Laurindo Abelardo de Brito, dated October 17, 1879, the town of Penha do Rio do Peixe was elevated to the category of term, creating the civil forum and council of jurors, whose installation was given on 8 November. Later, in 1881, on April 7 of that year, the senator of the empire Florencio de Abreu took office, in the presidency of the province of São Paulo, an authority that had to give the inhabitants of the town of Penha to the category of city. The request made by the chamber was justified on the grounds that the village had a good headquarters, an excellent chain and a chamber house and a population of more than 7,000 souls. On June 27 of that same year, the decree raising the town of Penha do Rio do Peixe was signed by Florêncio de Abreu.

On February 11, 1888, the local slave-owning planters, angered by the action of police chief Joaquim Firmino de Araújo Cunha, who joined the abolitionist movement and gave protection to the slaves fleeing their masters, culminated in the assassination of the police authority. This lamentable happened had great repercussion in all Brazil, causing that the municipal Intendance asked the governor of the state, Prudente de Morais, to change the name of the city, in order that, with the passage of the time, fell in the forgetfulness the pitiful occurred. Thus, through decree no. 40, of April 1, 1890, the city of Penha do Rio do Peixe was called Itapira. A little later, the district of Itapira was created. The São Paulo government had Dr. Bernardino de Campos in front of him when a judicial review of the state was made, creating 25 new counties, including, among them, that of Itapira, through Law No. 80 of August 25 of 1892, and was installed on 8 October of the same year, by the judge of law Jose Maria Bourrol. The meaning of the word Itapira, according to the geographical dictionary of the province of São Paulo, by João Mendes Caldeira, is explained as follows: Ita (stone, (tip, cliff, that is, tip of stone or pointed stone).

City of the crazy
The municipality of Itapira is nicknamed the "City of the Mad" because it houses three large psychiatric hospitals, one of which is one of the largest in area in the Americas and the world, the Bairral Institute of Psychiatry, with more than seventy years of tradition, going from the center to the edge of the city (sometimes called the "psychiatric city" institute), the Santa Fé Rest Clinic, world-famous for introducing and using innovative concepts in modern psychiatry, as well as the Cristália clinic located in Itapira road - Lindoia. Because of this, the city of Itapira is known as the pole of the psychiatric treatment, bringing together the greatest professionals of the area in the two institutions.

Football in Itapira
The municipality of Itapira invests heavily in its football. The team of Sociedade Esportiva Itapirense is currently disputing the Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão. The municipal stadium is called Coronel Francisco Vieira, also known as "Chico Vieira", with capacity for 4,800 people. Hilderaldo Bellini, who debuted with Itapirense in 1946, captained the winning Brazil National Team in the 1958 World Cup. He is credited with being the first World Cup captain to lift the trophy high into the air. Bellini performed in several teams, such as Vasco and São Paulo. After suffering from Alzheimer's disease, he died on March 20, 2014, in São Paulo, at the age of 83. He was buried in Itapira, where he was received with honors from all Itapirenses and other authorities present.

Economy
Today Itapira services an agricultural hinterland which grows oranges, sugar-cane, cattle and (now-declining) coffee, but is also a manufacturing centre, specializing in wood and paper products, agricultural machinery, and ethanol production. The establishment in 1937 (by spiritist groups) of the pioneering Instituto Bairral psychiatric hospital in Itapira has fostered a well-developed health sector, both public and private. The town is home to a large number of professionals (such as the noted economist J.B. de Souza Ferreira Fo.), many of whom commute to neighbouring towns such as Campinas. The current mayor is Toninho Bellini, nephew of the famous footballer mentioned above, and himself a keen football supporter.

The town's Historical Museum displays interesting relics of one of the last major battles of the Paulista War, which was fought nearby.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Amparo.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

title: Itapira


text:
HMS Hibiscus

Two vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Hibiscus, after the hibiscus flower.

 * HMS Hibiscus (1917) was an Aubrietia-class sloop sloop in use from 1917 to 1923.
 * HMS Hibiscus (K24) was a Flower-class corvette launched in 1940, on loan to the United States Navy as USS Spry (PG-64) from 1942 to 1945, and sold in 1946.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: HMS Hibiscus


text: Category:Wineries

title: Category:Wineries


text:
Ellis Weiner

Ellis Weiner (born 31 October 1950) is an author and humorist who has previously worked as an editor of National Lampoon and a columnist for Spy Magazine. His humor has also appeared in The New Yorker, Paris Review, and The New York Times Magazine.

Weiner was raised in Pikesville, Maryland. He attended Wellwood Elementary School, Sudbrook Junior High, Pikesville High School and the University of Pennsylvania. Weiner was a split end in the Development Football League from 1961 to 1964 with the Summit Park Colts Association (SPCA). In college, he played drums and sang in a rock band called Droylesden Wake.

His first produced work was the 1967 Pikesville High Junior Play, an original parody using music from H.M.S. Pinafore and other Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

He works regularly as an editor and ghostwriter for Kevin Anderson & Associates Inc.

Books

 * The Great Muppet Caper!: The Making of the Masterpiece (mock behind-the-scenes book about the film The Great Muppet Caper) (1980)
 * National Lampoon's Doon (1984)
 * Howard the Duck (novelization of Howard the Duck) (1986)
 * Decade of the Year (1987)
 * The Dream Team (novelization of The Dream Team) (1989)
 * The Northern Exposure Cookbook: A Community Cookbook from the Heart of the Alaskan Riviera (1993)
 * Letters from Cicely (1992)
 * Drop Dead, My Lovely (2004)
 * The Joy of Worry (2004)
 * The Big Boat to Bye-Bye (2005)
 * Santa Lives!: Five Conclusive Arguments for the Existence of Santa Claus (2005)
 * Oy! Do This, Not That! (2009)
 * The Templeton Twins Have an Idea (2012)
 * The Templeton Twins Make a Scene (2013)
 * Atlas Slugged AGAIN: The "Secret Sequel" to the Towering Masterpiece (2015)

With Barbara Davilman

 * Yiddish With Dick and Jane (2004)
 * Yiddish With George and Laura (2006)
 * Arffirmations: Meditations for Your Dog (2007)
 * How to Profit From the Coming Rapture (2008)
 * How to Raise a Jewish Dog (2009)
 * CATechisms: Fundamentals of Feline Faith (2010)
 * The Big Jewish Book for Jews (2010)

With Steve Radlauer

 * Monsters of the Ivy League (2017)

With Sydney Biddle Barrows

 * Mayflower Manners: Etiquette for Consenting Adults (1991)

Essays

 * "Subject: Our Marketing Plan", published in The New Yorker

title: Ellis Weiner


text:
HMS Gallant

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Gallant:

 * HMS Gallant (1797) was a gunvessel launched in 1797, and known for at least some of her career as Gunboat No. 29. She was sold in 1802.
 * HMS Gallant (1804) was a 12-gun gun-brig launched in 1804 and sold in 1815.
 * HMS Gallant (H59) was a G-class destroyer launched in 1935. She was damaged by a mine in 1941 and an air raid in 1942, being declared a total loss. She was sunk as a blockship in 1943 and the wreck dispersed in 1953.
 * HMS Gallant was to have been a G-class destroyer (1944) destroyer. She was ordered in 1944 as HMS Gael, but was cancelled the following year.

title: HMS Gallant


text:
Kathleen Noone

Kathleen Noone (née O'Meara; January 8, 1945) is an American actress. She began her career as a singer in nightclubs and performed in musicals off-Broadway before making her television debut in the CBS daytime soap opera, As the World Turns (1975–1976).

From 1977 to 1989, Noone played Ellen Shepherd Dalton on the ABC daytime soap opera, All My Children. For this role, she won Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1987. In 1990, Noone moved to prime time, starring as villainous Claudia Whittaker in the CBS series, Knots Landing (1990–1993). She returned to daytime television as Bette Katzenkazrahi on NBC's Sunset Beach (1997–1999), for which she received another Daytime Emmy Award nomination. She has had recurring roles on L.A. Law, Party of Five, According to Jim, and Dexter.

Early life and education
Noone was born in Hillsdale, New Jersey to a professional baseball player father. She graduated from University of Miami and Southern Methodist University with a Master of Fine Arts degree, and the following years performed on off-Broadway stage. She co-founded member of the Scott Repertory Theatre, the Globe Theatre in Texas, and the Colonnaides Theatre in New York City, where she co-produced and developed plays with Michael Lessac.

1975–1989
Noone has made her screen debut playing Margaret Porter in the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns from 1975 to 1976. In 1977, she was cast as recently divorced Ellen Shepherd on the ABC daytime soap opera, All My Children, a role she played from 1977 to 1989. Her character was counter to the naughty Erica Kane (Susan Lucci). In 1987, she won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series after nomination in 1980 in same category. She also received three Soap Opera Digest Awards nominations.

1990–1999
After leaving All My Children, Noone, in her early 40s, moved from New York to Los Angeles for a career in Hollywood. After guest starring roles on Quantum Leap and Empty Nest, in 1990 Noone, was asked to play the new character of Claudia Whittaker, elder sister of Greg Sumner (William Devane) in the CBS primetime drama Knots Landing. She played the role from 1990 until the show was ended in 1993. Noone's character became an antagonist for the last three seasons after Donna Mills's leaving in 1989. In 1992, Noone received Soap Opera Digest Award nomination for Outstanding Actress: Prime Time for her performance as Claudia.

During the 1990s, Noone appeared in a number of television series, movies, and specials. She guest-starred in an episode of the NBC sitcom Frasier, playing the role of Aunt Patrice in 1993. That same year she was a guest judge at Miss Teen USA 1993 held in Biloxi, Mississippi. She had recurring roles on L.A. Law and Party of Five, and guest starred on Ned and Stacey, Beverly Hills, 90210, and Ellen. She had a supporting role in the 1996 comedy film Citizen Ruth starring Laura Dern and Swoosie Kurtz.

In 1997, Noone returned to daytime television playing gossip columnist Bette Katzenkazrahi on the NBC series Sunset Beach, produced by Aaron Spelling. The series aired only three years, Noone signed a new contract with the serial in August 1999, she also incorrectly predicted that Sunset Beach would not be axed by NBC. In 1998 and 1999, for her portrayal of Bette, Noone was nominated in the category of "Female Scene Stealer" at the Soap Opera Digest Awards. In 1999, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.

2000–present
Noone has had guest starring roles on Any Day Now, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, Supernatural, and The Unit. From 2001 to 2005, she had the recurring role of Courtney Thorne-Smith's mother in the ABC sitcom According to Jim. From 2002 to 2008, she also played the role of Edna Wallace on the NBC soap opera, Passions. She joined the show in June 2002 and, after her storyline dried up, the actress was bumped to recurring status in 2005, but she continued making recurring appearances on the show until its end in August 2008.

In 2010, Noone had the recurring role in the Showtime drama series, Dexter playing Maura Bennett. She also appeared in two episodes on Showtime comedy-drama United States of Tara in 2010. She also has appeared in the 2011 independent comedy film About Fifty starring Wendie Malick. Noone also is a member of the Playwrights Kitchen Ensemble at the Coronet Theatre in Los Angeles.

Personal life
Noone was married to Bill Noone for nine years beginning in 1967. The couple divorced in 1976 but Noone kept her married name as her professional name.

Awards and nominations

 * 1980 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series (All My Children) Nomination
 * 1986 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role on a Daytime Serial (All My Children) Nomination
 * 1987 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (All My Children) Win
 * 1988 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role: Daytime (All My Children) Nomination
 * 1989 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role: Daytime (All My Children) Nomination
 * 1992 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Actress: Prime Time (Knots Landing) Nomination
 * 1998 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Female Scene Stealer (Sunset Beach) Nomination
 * 1999 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (Sunset Beach) Nomination
 * 1999 Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Female Scene Stealer (Sunset Beach) Nomination

title: Kathleen Noone


text:
Itapirapuã Paulista

Itapirapuã Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 4,268 (2020 est.) in an area of 406 km2. The elevation is 589 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itapirapuã Paulista


text:
Gorson

Gorson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Aaron Harry Gorson (1872–1933), American artist
 * Arthur Gorson, American film and record producer

title: Gorson


text:
Itapirapuã

Itapirapuã is a municipality in the state of Goiás in Brazil. The population is 4,685 (2020 est.) in an area of 2,044 km2. Itapirapuã is a large producer of cattle.

Location and boundaries
Highway communications with Goiânia are made by GO-070 / Goianira / Inhumas / Itaberaí / BR-070 / Goiás / Uvá. See Sepin for all the distances.

Municipal boundaries:
 * North: Britânia and Matrinchã
 * South: Novo Brasil
 * West: Santa Fé de Goiás and Jussara
 * East: Goiás

Demographic data
The population growth rate from 2000 to 2007 was -3.92%. This showed a marked decline when compared to previous data. Out of the total population 5,656 were considered urban (2007).

Economic data
Cattle raising, services, small industries, and agriculture are the main economic activities.
 * Number of industrial establishments: 07 (/06/2007)
 * Dairies: Cooperativa Mista Agropecuária de Itapirapuã Ltda (22/05/2006)
 * Banking Establishments: - Banco do Brasil S.A (01/08/2007)
 * Number of Retail Commercial Establishments: 71 (August/2007)

Agriculture
There were 243,500 head of cattle in 2006, one of the largest herds in the state. The main crops in planted area were bananas, beans, corn, manioc, rice, and soybeans. None exceeded 1,000 hectares in planted area.

Education (2006)

 * Schools in activity: 15
 * Total Students: 2,457
 * Literacy Rate: 82.5%

Health (2007)

 * Hospitals: 1 with 17 beds
 * Infant mortality rate: 28.53 (in 1,000 live births)
 * MHDI: 0.707
 * State ranking: 203 (out of 242 municipalities in 2000)
 * National ranking: 2,880 (out of 5,507 municipalities in 2000)

History
Settlement began in 1892 with the building of an army telegraph line and station between the city of Goiás (then the state capital) and Mato Grosso, breaking the isolation of the area. The name chosen was Itapirapuã, meaning "white stone from the pool of the fish", because it was near a deep pool in the river where a whirlpool was formed around a white stone. After half a century of stagnation the settlement received a push forward with the selling by the local government of lots to new settlers. In 1953 it became a district of Goiás, and in 1959 it separated from Goiás and became an independent municipality.

title: Itapirapuã


text:
Itaporanga

Itaporanga may refer to the following places in Brazil:

 * Itaporanga, Paraíba
 * Itaporanga, São Paulo
 * Itaporanga d'Ajuda, Sergipe

title: Itaporanga


text:
Umwelt

In the semiotic theories of Jakob von Uexküll and Thomas Sebeok, umwelt (plural: umwelten; from the German Umwelt meaning "environment" or "surroundings") is the "biological foundations that lie at the very center of the study of both communication and signification in the human [and non-human] animal". The term is usually translated as "self-centered world". Uexküll theorised that organisms can have different umwelten, even though they share the same environment. The term umwelt, together with companion terms Umgebung (an Umwelt as seen by another observer) and Innenwelt (the mapping of the self to the world of objects), have special relevance for cognitive philosophers, roboticists and cyberneticians because they offer a potential solution to the conundrum of the infinite regress of the Cartesian Theater.

Discussion
Each functional component of an umwelt has a meaning that represents the organism's model of the world. These functional components correspond approximately to perceptual features, as described by Anne Treisman. It is also the semiotic world of the organism, including all the meaningful aspects of the world for any particular organism. It can be water, food, shelter, potential threats or points of reference for navigation. An organism creates and reshapes its own umwelt when it interacts with the world. This is termed a 'functional circle'. The umwelt theory states that the mind and the world are inseparable because it is the mind that interprets the world for the organism. Because of the individuality and uniqueness of the history of every single organism, the umwelten of different organisms differ. When two umwelten interact, this creates a semiosphere.

As a term, umwelt also unites all the semiotic processes of an organism into a whole. Internally, an organism is the sum of its parts operating in functional circles and, to survive, all the parts must work cooperatively. This is termed the "collective umwelt" which models the organism as a centralised system from the cellular level upward. This requires the semiosis of any one part to be continuously connected to any other semiosis operating within the same organism. If anything disrupts this process, the organism will not operate efficiently.

Uexküll's writings show a specific interest in the various worlds that he believed to exist ('conceptually') from the point of view of the umwelt of different creatures such as ticks, sea urchins, amoebae, jellyfish, and sea worms.

The biosemiotic turn in Jakob von Uexküll's analysis occurs in his discussion of the animal's relationship with its environment. The umwelt is for him an environment-world which is, according to Agamben, "constituted by a more or less broad series of elements [called] 'carriers of significance' or 'marks' which are the only things that interest the animal". Agamben goes on to paraphrase Uexküll's example of the tick, saying: "...this eyeless animal finds the way to her watchpoint [at the top of a tall blade of grass] with the help of only its skin’s general sensitivity to light. The approach of her prey becomes apparent to this blind and deaf bandit only through her sense of smell. The odor of butyric acid, which emanates from the sebaceous follicles of all mammals, works on the tick as a signal that causes her to abandon her post (on top of the blade of grass/bush) and fall blindly downward toward her prey. If she is fortunate enough to fall on something warm (which she perceives by means of an organ sensible to a precise temperature) then she has attained her prey, the warm-blooded animal, and thereafter needs only the help of her sense of touch to find the least hairy spot possible and embed herself up to her head in the cutaneous tissue of her prey. She can now slowly suck up a stream of warm blood."

Thus, for the tick, the umwelt is reduced to only three (biosemiotic) carriers of significance: (1) the odor of butyric acid, which emanates from the sebaceous follicles of all mammals; (2) the temperature of 37°C (corresponding to the blood of all mammals); and (3) the hairy topography of mammals.

Critics
Uexküll's application of the notion of "umwelt" to the human person has been contested. In "Welt und Umwelt" and "Die Wahrheit der Dinge", the philosopher and sociologist Josef Pieper argued that reason allows the human person to live in "Welt" (world) while plants and animals do indeed live in an Umwelt—a notion he traces back far beyond Uexküll to Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas.

title: Umwelt


text:
Baydon

Baydon is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England about 10 mi south-east of Swindon. The eastern boundary of the parish forms part of the county boundary with Berkshire, and the village is about 7 mi north-west of the West Berkshire market town of Hungerford.

History
Baydon is close to the Ridgeway, a pre-Roman road. The village is on the Ermin Way Roman road which runs north-west towards Cirencester and forms part of the western boundary of the parish. (The road is called Ermin Street locally but is not to be confused with the Ermine Street between London and York.)

The earliest known reference to Baydon is in 1196. The land was part of the Bishop of Salisbury's Ramsbury estate until most of it was sold in the later 17th century. Later landowners include Sir Francis Burdett (1770–1844), a long-serving Member of Parliament who married Sophia Coutts, a daughter of the wealthy banker Thomas Coutts. Their daughter Angela inherited the Coutts fortune, and her philanthropy included rebuilding several cottages in the village between 1875 and 1890.

Bailey Hill farm, the demesne land of Ramsbury manor in the north of the parish, was sold in 1681 and passed through several owners until it was bought by Lord Craven in 1800; it remained in Craven ownership until 1947. In the south of the parish, the land of Baydon House farm also had a succession of owners from the 17th century. The Wiltshire Victoria County History traces the ownership of other smaller estates. One source states that Sir Isaac Newton had an estate at Baydon, which he gave away shortly before his death in 1727.

The population of the parish peaked at 380 around the time of the 1861 census, then fell steadily to 213 in 1921 before rising sharply from the 1960s, as it became a dormitory community for people working in Swindon.

Until the 1790s, when it became an independent ecclesiastical parish, Baydon was a tithing and chapelry of Ramsbury parish within Ramsbury hundred.

The M4 motorway which passes just north of the village was opened on 22 December 1971.

Parish church
The Church of England parish church, dedicated since the 19th century to Saint Nicholas, has a Norman nave and two-bay north arcade, while the south aisle and northern clerestory are Early English Gothic. The north aisle was rebuilt in 1857–1858 by the Gothic Revival architect G.E. Street, who also designed a new east window. The south clerestory is Perpendicular Gothic. The west window, dated 1928, is by Edward Woore and is a memorial to the Rev. Augustus Gibson. The church is Grade II* listed.

The font, partly octagonal, is probably from the 13th century. The three bells are dated 1744 (cast nearby at Aldbourne by John Stares), 1670 and 1650.

The church was dependant on Holy Cross at Ramsbury, and the prebendary of Ramsbury appointed chaplains until the living became a perpetual curacy in the 19th century. In 1956 the incumbent was authorised to hold both Aldbourne and Baydon, and the two benefices were united in 1965. Today the church is one of six in the Whitton grouping.

Others
A Particular Baptist chapel named Providence Chapel was built in 1806; it closed between 1885 and 1922, then was demolished. A Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in 1823; by 1939 it was a private house.

Notable buildings
A barn at Finches Farm, with flint walls and a generous thatched roof, is from the 17th century. Baydon House Farmhouse has a 1744 date-stone. The school (1843, next to the church) and the former vicarage (1857, west of the church) were designed by Wiltshire architect T. H. Wyatt, in brick with flint bands.

The water tower on Finches Lane near the M4, designed in the 1970s by Edmund Percey for Scherrer and Hicks, is described by Pevsner as "a striking design ... the tank clasped by tapering concrete piers".

Amenities
The village school is now Baydon St Nicholas Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School.

Baydon Village Stores incorporates a Post Office. The village pub, the Red Lion (closed in 2019),  has however reopened as a restaurant/bar under the new name Fancy B.

Baydon is close the local Motorway, the M4, which provides easy access to Bristol to the west and London to the east.

Notable residents
Ian Lomax (1931–1996, cricketer) farmed near Baydon.

Kevin Wilkinson (1958–1999, pop musician) lived at Baydon.

title: Baydon


text:
Itaporanga, São Paulo

Itaporanga is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 15,173 (2020 est.) in an area of 508 km². The elevation is 589 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language and means "beautiful stone" (itá = "stone", porang = "beautiful").

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itaporanga, São Paulo


text:
Talk:Pope Leo III

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:57, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Who is that Gregory that appears in the 3rd paragraph? Is he in fact pope Leo? --Nk 15:40, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Is it ok to link as an external source *the Catholic Encyclopedia artice on Leo III --anon on 14 Dec 2005

What were the wounds that Leo sustained from his temporary removal as Pope in 799 ?

Opposing and Forbidding concerning the actions and duty of Pope Leo III
I found a difference in the usage of Pope Leo III in reference to His Holiness duties with the Nicene Creed.

Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), s.v. Filioque

"but Pope Leo III opposed adding "Filioque" to the Creed, while approving the doctrine"

Some articels reference His Holiness opposing the Filiogue and others reference His Holiness forbidding.

I think this should be corrected and made accurate given the other historical significance —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.138.108.191 (talk) 18:27, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

he was a very bad pope —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.228.92.189 (talk) 23:18, 4 October 2010 (UTC) -or a very good Orthodox patriarch — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.205.112.177 (talk) 09:47, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

Patricius Romanus title
The article states "Pope Adrian I had conferred on Charles's father [Pepin the Short] the dignity of Patricius Romanus." But Pope Stephen II conferred the title of 'Patricius Romanorum' on Pepin the Short in 754 at St. Denys as part of Pepin's coronation. Adrian became Pope several years after Pepin's death, so he could not have conferred any title on him unless posthumously. Blixton (talk) 18:09, 6 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Good catch; it appears to have been Stephen II in 754. Mannanan51 (talk) 23:43, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

Early life and pontifical selection
What are the 'keys of the confession of St. Peter'? Clivemacd (talk) 00:05, 29 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Leo III


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Itapuí

Itapuí is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 14,147 (2020 est.) in an area of 140 km2. The elevation is 456 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itapuí


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Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)

Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's "Abraham Lincoln", is a 1930 pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars Walter Huston as Lincoln and Una Merkel, in her second speaking role, as Ann Rutledge. The script was co-written by Stephen Vincent Benét, author of the Civil War prose poem John Brown's Body (1928), and Gerrit Lloyd. This was the first of only two sound films made by Griffith.

The film entered the public domain in 1958 when the initial copyright expired. The copyright holders did not elect to extend it for a second 28-year term.

Synopsis
The first act of the film covers Lincoln's early life as a storekeeper and rail-splitter in New Salem and his early romance with Ann Rutledge, and his early years as a lawyer and his courtship and marriage to Mary Todd in Springfield, Illinois. The majority of the film deals with Lincoln's presidency during the American Civil War and culminates with Lee's surrender and Lincoln's assassination at Ford's Theatre.

Cast
Characters in the order of their appearance:

Reception
The film received positive reviews from contemporary critics. Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times called it "quite a worthy pictorial offering with a genuinely fine and inspiring performance by Walter Huston in the role of the martyred President" and later put it on his year-end list of the ten best films of 1930.

"More than an outstanding classic of sound pictures, Abraham Lincoln eclipses the most conservative illusion of a modernized Birth of a Nation", wrote Variety in a rave review. "It is a startlingly superlative accomplishment; one rejuvenating a greatest Griffith. In characterization and detail perfection it is such as to be almost unbelievable." Film Daily called it a "distinguished and human narrative" and wrote that Huston's performance "may be listed as one of the 10 best of the year – or any talker year."

John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote that it was "by and large.....a pretty high-grade picture." Despite these accolades, however, the film's box office performance was uneven.

Historical accuracy
The film covers some little-known aspects of Lincoln's early life, such as his romance with Ann Rutledge, his depression and feared suicidal tendencies after her death, and his unexplained ending of his engagement with Mary Todd. However, the film surmises that the cause was because of his unresolved feelings over Ann Rutledge, and it adds a dramatic scene in which Lincoln stands Mary up on their scheduled wedding day. In reality, Lincoln ended the engagement before the wedding day. He later had regrets about his decision and returned to ask Mary's hand in marriage, and they were married, as happens in the film.

While the early scenes of Lincoln's life are remarkably accurate, many of the later scenes contain historical inaccuracies. The Lincoln-Douglas debates, in addition to the historically accurate topic of the extension of slavery, are turned into an argument about secession. Lincoln was an underdog for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1860, but the film suggests that he was the sole nominee as a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

The outbreak of the Civil War seems to be the Union firing on Charleston, South Carolina from Fort Sumter rather than the other way around. Also, early in hostilities, General Winfield Scott is depicted as being overconfident of a quick victory and something of a buffoon, but in reality, he was one of the voices in the minority claiming the war would be long, costly, and bloody.

In the film, Lincoln receives a report from the Secret Service that some Copperheads in the North have issued threats against him. However, in reality, the Secret Service was not created until two months after Lincoln's death.

Finally, in the film's climax, Lincoln delivers a conflation of the words of the Gettysburg Address and Second Inaugural Address at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865, moments before his assassination. This movie was Griffith's second portrayal of Lincoln's assassination, and the first was in The Birth of a Nation.

Preservation status
Abraham Lincoln is part of the David Wark Griffith collection at the Museum of Modern Art, and it was donated as a gift from screenwriter-producer Paul Killiam, a collector of silent movies. Funding for the preservation of this film was provided by The Lillian Gish Trust for Film Preservation, The Film Foundation, and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association.

Legacy
More recent assessments of Abraham Lincoln have been less effusive in their praise of the film, finding that Abraham Lincoln has not aged well. In 1978, the film was included as one of the choices in the book The Fifty Worst Films of All Time, criticizing the film's historical inaccuracies, instances of clumsy dialogue and Merkel's melodramatic acting style. Glenn Erickson, reviewing the DVD in 2012, wrote that it "comes off as an interesting curio. Its earnest simplicity seems more dated than ever, despite the fine performance of Walter Huston in the lead role."

Film historian Melvyn Stokes found that Abraham Lincoln's episodic structure "came at the cost of dramatic tension" and suggested that the film's disappointing box-office performance was due to its having "nothing of major importance and relevance to say about its subject to moviegoers of Depression-era America." Abraham Lincoln was the first sound film about the Civil War which veterans of that war could view.

title: Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)


text:
Itapura

Itapura is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 4,951 (2020 est.) in an area of 302 km². The elevation is 318 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itapura


text:
Liverpool Empire Theatre

The Liverpool Empire Theatre is a theatre on the corner of Lime Street in Liverpool, England. The playhouse, which opened in 1925, is the second one to be built on the site. It has the largest two-tier auditorium in the United Kingdom and can seat 2,348 people.

History
The site's first theatre, which at that time was Liverpool's largest, was named the "New Prince of Wales Theatre and Opera House" opened on 15 October 1866. On 29 July 1867 its name was changed to the "Royal Alexandra Theatre and Opera House" in honour of Princess Alexandra, Princess of Wales. In 1894, the playhouse closed but was re-opened the following year under the ownership of Empire Theatre (Liverpool) Ltd. In 1896 the theatre was sold to Messrs. Moss and Thornton for £30,000, and renamed "The Empire". It closed for the final time on 16 February 1924, and was demolished.

The current Liverpool Empire Theatre opened on 9 March 1925. In 1977 the theatre was still owned by Moss Empires, who were making plans to dispose of it. Two years later it was acquired by Merseyside County Council. During the following two years a total of £680,000 was spent on improving the back stage facilities, and extending the stage and orchestra pit. The theatre underwent a further major refurbishment in 1999; this included increasing the size of the stage and improving the facilities for the audience. By 2002 the theatre was owned by Clear Channel Entertainment. In that year an extension was built on the north side of the building.

Exterior
The theatre was designed by W. and T. R. Milburn for Moss Empires; the carving and the ornamentation in the auditorium were carried out by E. O. Griffiths. The building is constructed on a steel frame, with a Portland stone façade and brick elsewhere. The architectural style of the façade is free Neoclassical. The front of the theatre is in five bays, the central three of which have an attic rising above the two lateral bays. The ground floor of the central bays contains the entrance doors and over them is a steel canopy decorated with medallions and guilloché bands. The storey above ground level contains the balcony, with single and paired Ionic columns, between which are recessed windows. Over this is a dentilled cornice and the attic. In the first floor of the side bays there are windows in architraves that are flanked by shallow pilasters above which is a plain parapet.

Interior
The entrance foyer is on the ground level, with stairs to the balcony on both sides of the foyer. The seats are raked both to the sides and to the rear in order to improve the lines of sight. The internal decoration is in Louis XVI style. It contains "many curious decorative features including carved elephant caryatids".

Conservation
The theatre was listed in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II listed building on 16 October 1990. When it was opened its design was considered advanced, owing to the raked seating layout. There are 2,350 seats, Britain's largest two-tier auditorium. It is sited in the William Brown Street Conservation Area.

Past performances
Performers in the original theatre included George Formby Sr., Harry Tate, Dan Leno, Florrie Forde, The Two Bobs, and Wilson, Keppel and Betty. The first production in the present theatre was Better Days, starring Stanley Lupino, Maisie Gay and Ruth French. Subsequent performers have included Fred Astaire and his sister Adele Astaire, Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Bing Crosby, Mae West, Laurel and Hardy, Roy Rogers and Trigger, Charlton Heston, Sarah Bernhardt, Henry Irving, Vesta Tilley, and Arthur Askey.

In 1957 a local pop group called The Quarrymen appeared at the theatre. They returned in 1959, having changed their name to "Johnny and the Moondogs". They returned to the Empire again in 1962, now named The Beatles. The Beatles played the Empire for the last time on 5 December 1965.

The Rolling Stones performed at the Empire Theatre with Ike & Tina Turner and The Yardbirds on 25 September 1966.

During the 1970s, two Royal Command Performances were held in the Empire, and in 2007 the theatre was the venue for the Royal Variety Performance in recognition of Liverpool being made the European Capital of Culture the following year.

Singers and musicians who performed at the venue include Johnny Mathis, The Carpenters, Neil Sedaka, The Osmonds, Tommy Steel, Adam Faith, Bruce Forsyth, Victoria Wood, Morecambe and Wise, Ken Dodd, Shirley Bassey, Kylie Minogue, Kate Bush, Elton John, Cilla Black, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Chuck Berry, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Rush, Wishbone Ash, The Police, Queen, Santana, Iron Maiden, Genesis, Steve Hillage, Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel (the band's 1976 concert at the theatre is frequently alluded to by Steve Harley when he plays concerts in the North of England, since, during the extended instrumental in his song 'Death Trip' (track 10 of 1973's 'The Human Menagerie' album), he fell off the stage and into the orchestra pit, but continued performing as though nothing had happened, despite breaking 3 ribs and as a result having to cancel the rest of the tour).

Present day
The Empire Theatre continues to stage productions in various genres, including musicals, pop concerts, comedians, plays, opera, and wrestling. The theatre is reputed to be haunted by at least two ghosts, one a former painter at the theatre called Len, the other a girl aged about nine or ten in Victorian dress. As of 2011 the Empire is part of the Ambassador Theatre Group (ATG).

Each year a musical is produced at the theatre performed by participants in Stage Experience, a two-week summer school in which local youngsters take part in performing a full-scale musical with a professional team. This began in 2007 with Summer Holiday, followed by The Wiz in 2008, Bugsy Malone in 2009, Fame in 2010, West Side Story in 2011, Annie in 2012, Grease in 2013, Cats in 2014, and Rent in 2019.

title: Liverpool Empire Theatre