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A Hero of Our Time

A Hero of Our Time (Герой нашего времени) is a novel by Mikhail Lermontov, written in 1839, published in 1840, and revised in 1841.

It is an example of the superfluous man novel, noted for its compelling Byronic hero (or antihero) Pechorin and for the beautiful descriptions of the Caucasus. There are several English translations, including one by Vladimir Nabokov and Dmitri Nabokov in 1958.

Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin
Pechorin is the embodiment of the Byronic hero. Byron's works were of international repute and Lermontov mentions his name several times throughout the novel. According to the Byronic tradition, Pechorin is a character of contradiction. He is both sensitive and cynical. He is possessed of extreme arrogance, yet has a deep insight into his own character and epitomizes the melancholy of the Romantic hero who broods on the futility of existence and the certainty of death. Pechorin's whole philosophy concerning existence is oriented towards the nihilistic, creating in him somewhat of a distanced, alienated personality. The name Pechorin is drawn from that of the Pechora River, in the far north, as a homage to Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, named after the Onega River.

Pechorin treats women as an incentive for endless conquests and does not consider them worthy of any particular respect. He considers women such as Princess Mary to be little more than pawns in his games of romantic conquest, which in effect hold no meaning in his listless pursuit of pleasure. This is shown in his comment on Princess Mary: "I often wonder why I'm trying so hard to win the love of a girl I have no desire to seduce and whom I'd never marry."

The only contradiction in Pechorin's attitude to women are his genuine feelings for Vera, who loves him despite, and perhaps due to, all his faults. At the end of "Princess Mary" one is presented with a moment of hope as Pechorin gallops after Vera. The reader almost assumes that a meaning to his existence may be attained and that Pechorin can finally realize that true feelings are possible. Yet a lifetime of superficiality and cynicism cannot be so easily eradicated and when fate intervenes and Pechorin's horse collapses, he undertakes no further effort to reach his one hope of redemption: "I saw how futile and senseless it was to pursue lost happiness. What more did I want? To see her again? For what?”

Pechorin's chronologically last adventure was first described in the book, showing the events that explain his upcoming fall into depression and retreat from society, resulting in his self-predicted death. The narrator is Maxim Maximytch telling the story of a beautiful Circassian princess, "Bela", whom Azamat abducts for Pechorin in exchange for Kazbich's horse. Maxim describes Pechorin's exemplary persistence to convince Bela to give herself sexually to him, in which she with time reciprocates. After living with Bela for some time, Pechorin starts explicating his need for freedom, which Bela starts noticing, fearing he might leave her. Though Bela is completely devoted to Pechorin, she says she's not his slave, rather a daughter of a Circassian tribal chieftain, also showing the intention of leaving if he "doesn't love her". Maxim's sympathy for Bela makes him question Pechorin's intentions. Pechorin admits he loves her and is ready to die for her, but "he has a restless fancy and insatiable heart, and that his life is emptier day by day". He thinks his only remedy is to travel, to keep his spirit alive.

However, Pechorin's behavior soon changes after Bela gets kidnapped by his enemy Kazbich, and becomes mortally wounded. After two days of suffering in delirium Bela spoke of her inner fears and her feelings for Pechorin, who listened without once leaving her side. After her death, Pechorin becomes physically ill, loses weight and becomes unsociable. After meeting with Maxim again, he acts coldly and antisocial, explicating deep depression and disinterest in interaction. He soon dies on his way back from Persia, admitting before that he is sure to never return.

Pechorin described his own personality as self-destructive, admitting he himself doesn't understand his purpose in the world of men. His boredom with life, feeling of emptiness, forces him to indulge in all possible pleasures and experiences, which soon, cause the downfall of those closest to him. He starts to realize this with Vera and Grushnitsky, while the tragedy with Bela soon leads to his complete emotional collapse.

His crushed spirit after this and after the duel with Grushnitsky can be interpreted that he is not the detached character that he makes himself out to be. Rather, it shows that he suffers from his actions. Yet many of his actions are described both by himself and appear to the reader to be arbitrary. Yet this is strange as Pechorin's intelligence is very high (typical of a Byronic hero). Pechorin's explanation as to why his actions are arbitrary can be found in the last chapter where he speculates about fate. He sees his arbitrary behaviour not as being a subconscious reflex to past moments in his life but rather as fate. Pechorin grows dissatisfied with his life as each of his arbitrary actions lead him through more emotional suffering which he represses from the view of others.

Cultural references
Albert Camus' novel The Fall begins with an excerpt from Lermontov's foreword to A Hero of Our Time: "Some were dreadfully insulted, and quite seriously, to have held up as a model such an immoral character as A Hero of Our Time; others shrewdly noticed that the author had portrayed himself and his acquaintances. A Hero of Our Time, gentlemen, is in fact a portrait, but not of an individual; it is the aggregate of the vices of our whole generation in their fullest expression."

In Ian Fleming's From Russia with Love the plot revolves upon Soviet agent Tatiana Romanova feigning an infatuation with MI6's James Bond and offering to defect to the West provided he'll be sent to pick her up in Istanbul, Turkey. The Soviets elaborate a complex backstory about how she spotted the file about the English spy during her clerical work at SMERSH headquarters and became smitten with him, making her state that his picture made her think of Lermontov's Pechorin. The fact that Pechorin was anything but a 'hero' or even a positive character at all in Lermontov's narration stands to indicate Fleming's wry self-deprecating wit about his most famous creation; the irony is lost, however, on western readers not familiar with Lermontov's work.

In Ingmar Bergman's 1963 film The Silence, the young son is seen reading the book in bed. In the opening sequence of Bergman's next film, Persona (1966), the same child actor is seen waking in what appears to be a mortuary and reaching for the same book.

Claude Sautet's film A Heart in Winter (Un cœur en hiver) was said to be based on "his memories of" the Princess Mary section. The relationship with Lermontov's work is quite loose – the film takes place in contemporary Paris, where a young violin repairer (played by Daniel Auteuil) seeks to seduce his business partner's girlfriend, a gifted violinist named Camille, into falling for his carefully contrived charms. He does this purely for the satisfaction of gaining control of her emotionally, while never loving her sincerely. He is a modern-day Pechorin.

Quotations

 * "My whole life has been merely a succession of miserable and unsuccessful denials of feelings or reason."
 * "...I am not capable of close friendship: of two close friends, one is always the slave of the other, although frequently neither of them will admit it. I cannot be a slave, and to command in such circumstances is a tiresome business, because one must deceive at the same time."
 * "Afraid of being judged, I buried my finer feelings in the depths of my heart and they died there."
 * "It is difficult to convince women of something; one must lead them to believe that they have convinced themselves."
 * "What of it? If I die, I die.  It will be no great loss to the world, and I am thoroughly bored with life.  I am like a man yawning at a ball; the only reason he does not go home to bed is that his carriage has not arrived yet."
 * "When I think of imminent and possible death, I think only of myself; some do not even do that. Friends, who will forget me tomorrow, or, worse still, who will weave God knows what fantastic yarns about me; and women, who in the embrace of another man will laugh at me in order that he might not be jealous of the departed—what do I care for them?"
 * "Women! Women! Who will understand them? Their smiles contradict their glances, their words promise and lure, while the sound of their voices drives us away. One minute they comprehend and divine our most secret thoughts, and the next, they do not understand the clearest hints."
 * "There are two men within me – one lives in the full sense of the word, the other reflects and judges him. In an hour's time the first may be leaving you and the world for ever, and the second? ... the second? ..."
 * "To cause another person suffering or joy, having no right to so—isn't that the sweetest food of our pride? What is happiness but gratified pride?"
 * "I'll hazard my life, even my honor, twenty times, but I will not sell my freedom. Why do I value it so much? What am I preparing myself for? What do I expect from the future? in fact, nothing at all."
 * Grushnitski (to Pechorin): "Mon cher, je haïs les hommes pour ne pas les mépriser car autrement la vie serait une farce trop dégoûtante." ("My friend, I hate people to avoid despising them because otherwise, life would become too disgusting a farce.")
 * Pechorin (replying to Grushnitski): "Mon cher, je méprise les femmes pour ne pas les aimer car autrement la vie serait un mélodrame trop ridicule" ("My friend, I despise women to avoid loving them because otherwise, life would become too ridiculous a melodrama.")
 * "Passions are merely ideas in their initial stage."
 * "I was prepared to love the whole world . . . I learned to hate."
 * "Whether I am a fool or a villain I know not; but this is certain, I am also most deserving of pity – perhaps more so than she. My soul has been spoiled by the world, my imagination is unquiet, my heart insatiate. To me everything is of little moment. I have become as easily accustomed to grief as to joy, and my life grows emptier day by day."
 * "That is just like human beings! They are all alike; though fully aware in advance of all the evil aspects of a deed, they aid and abet and even give their approbation to it when they see there is no other way out—and then they wash their hands of it and turn away with disapproval from him who dared assume the full burden of responsibility. They are all alike, even the kindest and wisest of them!"
 * "Women love only the men they don't know."

Screen and stage adaptations
In 1966, the anthology series The Wednesday Play adapted the novel for television, in which Alan Bates starred as Grigory. It aired on September 28, 1966.

In 2011 Alex Mcsweeney adapted the novel into an English-language playscript. Previewed at the International Youth Arts Festival in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK in July, it subsequently premiered in August of the same year at Zoo Venues in the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Critics received it positively, generally giving 4- and 5-star reviews.

In 2014, German stage director Kateryna Sokolova adapted the novel focusing on its longest novella, Princess Mary. The play, directed by Kateryna Sokolova, premiered at the Schauspielhaus Zürich on 28 May. The production received universal acclaim, especially praising it for not having lost "neither the linguistic finesse nor the social paralysis of Lermontov’s Zeitgeist", both of which constitute the novel's Byronic character.

On July 22, 2015, The Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow premiered a ballet adaptation of Hero of Our Time. The ballet was choreographed by San Francisco Ballet's Choreographer in Residence, Yuri Possokhov, and directed by Kirill Serebrennikov - who is also the author of the libretto. The score was commissioned purposefully for this production and composed by Ilya Demutsky. This production focuses on three novellas from Lermontov's novel - Bela, Taman, and Princess Mary.

Bibliography of English translations
Translations:
 * 1) Sketches of Russian life in the Caucasus. By a Russe, many years resident amongst the various mountain tribes. London: Ingram, Cook and Co., 1853. 315 pp. "The illustrated family novelist" series, #2. (a liberal translation with changed names of the heroes; "Taman" not translated).
 * 2) The hero of our days. Transl. by Theresa Pulszky London: T. Hodgson, 1854. 232 pp. "The Parlour Library". Vol.112. ("Fatalist" not translated).
 * 3) A hero of our own times. Now first transl. into English. London: Bogue, 1854. 231 pp., ill. (the first full translation of the novel by an anonymous translator).
 * 4) A hero of our time. Transl. by R. I. Lipmann. London: Ward and Downey, 1886. XXVIII, 272 pp. ("Fatalist" not translated).
 * 5) Taman. In: Tales from the Russian. Dubrovsky by Pushkin. New year's eve by Gregorowitch. Taman by Lermontoff. London: The Railway and general automatic library, 1891, pp. 229–251.
 * 6) Russian reader: Lermontof's modern hero, with English translation and biographical sketch by Ivan Nestor-Schnurmann. Cambridge: Univ. press, 1899. XX, 403 pp. (a dual language edition; "Fatalist" not translated)
 * 7) Maxim Maximich. — In: Wiener L. Anthology of Russian literature. T. 2, part 2. London—N.Y., 1903, pp. 157–164. (a reduced version of the "Maxim Maximich" chapter).
 * 8) The heart of a Russian. Transl. by J. H. Wisdom and Marr Murray. London: Herbert and Daniel, 1912. VII, 335 pp. (also published in 1916 by Hodder and Stoughton, London—N.Y.—Toronto).
 * 9) The duel. Excerpt from The hero of our own time. Transl. by T. Pulszky. — In: A Russian anthology in English. Ed. by C. E. B. Roberts. N. Y.: 1917, pp. 124–137.
 * 10) A traveling episode. — In: Little Russian masterpieces. Transl. by Z. A. Ragozin. Vol. 1. N. Y.: Putnam, 1920, pp. 165–198. (an excerpt from the novel).
 * 11) A hero of nowadays. Transl. by John Swinnerton Phillimore. London: Nelson, 1924.
 * 12) Taman'. — In: Chamot A. Selected Russian short stories. Transl. by A. E. Chamot. London, 1925—1928, pp. 84—97.
 * 13) A hero of our time. Transl. by Reginald Merton. Mirsky. London: Allan, 1928. 247 pp.
 * 14) Fatalist. Story. Transl. by G.A. Miloradowitch. — In: Golden Book Magazine. Vol. 8. N. Y., 1928, pp. 491—493.
 * 15) A hero of our own times. Transl. by Eden and Cedar Paul for the Lermontov centenary. London: Allen and Unwin, 1940. 283 pp. (also published by Oxford Univ. Press, London—N.Y., 1958).
 * 16) Bela. Transl. by Z. Shoenberg and J. Domb. London: Harrap, 1945. 124 pp. (a dual language edition).
 * 17) A hero of our time. Transl. by Martin Parker. Moscow: Foreign languages publ. house, 1947. 224 pp., ill. (republished in 1951 and 1956; also published by Collet's Holdings, London, 1957).
 * 18) A hero of our time. A novel. Transl. by Vladimir Nabokov in collab. with Dmitri Nabokov. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1958. XI, 216 pp. "Doubleday Anchor Books".
 * 19) A hero of our time. Translated by Philip Longworth. With an afterword by William E. Harkins, London, 1964, & New York : New American Library, 1964
 * 20) A Lermontov reader. Ed., transl., and with an introd. by Guy Daniels. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1965.
 * 21) A hero of our time. Transl. with an introduction by Paul Foote. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1966.
 * 22) Major poetical works. Transl., with an introduction and commentary by Anatoly Liberman. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.
 * 23) Vadim. Transl. by Helena Goscilo. Ann Arbor: Ardis Publishers, 1984.
 * 24) A hero of our time. Transl. by Martin Parker, revised and edited by Neil Cornwell, London: Dent, 1995
 * 25) A hero of our time. Transl. by Marian Schwartz. Modern Library, 2004.
 * 26) A hero of our time. Transl. with an introduction and notes by Natasha Randall; foreword by Neil LaBute. New York: Penguin, 2009.
 * 27) A hero of our time. Transl. by Alexander Vassiliev, London: Alexander Vassiliev 2010. (a dual language edition).
 * 28) A hero of our time. Transl. by Nicholas Pasternak Slater, Oxford World's Classics, 2013.

title: A Hero of Our Time


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Bione

Bione (Brescian: Biù) is a comune in the province of Brescia, Lombardy.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bione


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2K Czech

2K Czech, s.r.o. (formerly Illusion Softworks, a.s.) was a Czech video game developer based in Brno, founded as Illusion Softworks in 1997 by Petr Vochozka and Jan Kudera. The company was acquired by Take-Two Interactive in January 2008 and subsequently organised under the 2K label, becoming 2K Czech. The studio was merged into 2K's Hangar 13 in 2017. The company is best known for creating the Mafia series.

Illusion Softworks
Illusion Softworks was established in 1997 in Brno by Petr Vochozka and Jan Kudera. The company succeeded Vochozka's video game publisher, Vochozka Trading, through funding provided by Kudera's Cash Reform fund. The team initially comprised only five people, including Vochozka and Kudera. The team would expand to 40 people by the release of Mafia in 2002.

The studio provided assistance to Silver Wish Games for the production of Wings of War, Chameleon and Circus Empire.

In September 2007, several Illusions Softworks employees left the studio to found The Easy Company, which went on to produce MotorM4X (2008).

2K Czech
On 8 January 2008, Take-Two Interactive announced that they acquired Illusion Softworks for an undisclosed sum. As a result of the acquisition, Illusion Softworks became part of Take-Two Interactive's 2K label and was renamed to 2K Czech. According to Take-Two Interactive's chief executive officer, Ben Feder, the agreement was made to expand the company's "strategic focus on owning high-value intellectual property". In July 2011, several employees that had left 2K Czech, along with former employees of Bohemia Interactive, founded Warhorse Studios, the studio behind 2018 video game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.

In September 2011, 40 employees were laid off from the company's Brno studio, with a few others made redundant at its Prague studio. Both studios previously housed a total of 200 employees, with around 25% of them being cut due to the layoffs. In November 2012, 2K Czech began hiring for a new, announced project; at the time, 2K Czech had 188 employees. There were reported creative differences between developers within 2K Czech, regarding the direction of the third installment of the Mafia series, which had started production between late 2010 and early 2011, with the project being rebooted around seven times between 2011 and 2013.

Succession by Hangar 13
2K announced in January 2014 that 2K Czech's Prague office was to close, and that 10 employees (including the development of Mafia III) would be transferred to 2K's headquarters in Novato, California, with most other employees moved to 2K Czech's remaining Brno studio. Of an undisclosed number of employees that were laid off, some were later hired by Warhorse Studios. Mafia III 's development was later shifted to 2K's new studio, Hangar 13, with 2K Czech receiving a supporting role. In 2017, the studio was merged into Hangar 13.

Cancelled

 * Enemy in Sight (Microsoft Windows)

title: 2K Czech


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Digital Planet

Digital Planet (previously known as Click and originally Go Digital) was a radio programme broadcast on the BBC World Service presented by Gareth Mitchell. Alternating as contributors are Bill Thompson, Ghislaine Boddington and Angelica Mari, who comment on items in the programme and discuss them with Mitchell. The show, broadcast weekly, covered technology stories and news from around the world.

History
From 2001 to 2005, it was presented by Tracey Logan and during that time it was one of the BBC's few webcast programmes, with cameras providing a live feed. Regular guest presenter Gareth Mitchell, who had been with the show since 2001, took over as presenter full time on 11 January 2005.

Originally named Go Digital, the show was renamed Digital Planet on 28 March 2006. It was again renamed Click on 29 March 2011 to make it easier to recognise its status as a sister programme of the TV programme Click, which is broadcast on BBC News and BBC World News. The show's running time was reduced from 28 minutes to 18 minutes. In the episode aired 1 May 2019, the show announced that it had renamed itself back to Digital Planet.

Closure
On the 29th September 2022, shortly after celebrating its 21st anniversary with a special broadcast from the BBC’s Radio Theatre in Old Broadcasting House in London, it was proposed ending the show as part of a restructure of programming as part of the wider ‘Proposals for a digital-first World Service’.

At the end of the show broadcast on Tuesday 21st March 2023 it was announced by the host Gareth Mitchell that the following week's episode would be the last ever edition.

After the end of Digital Planet, in April 2023, Mitchell and Thompson returned with a new technology podcast, The Gareth and BillCast.

At the end of October 2023, Ania Lichtarowicz, one of the producers of Digital Planet, released the first episode of a new weekly global technology podcast starring Gareth Mitchell along with new presenters and previous presenters: Somewhere on Earth Podcast

Show format and topics
Digital Planet covers a wide range of issues affecting technology. The first broadcast each week is also live (at 20:30 UK time on a Tuesday evening), whereas before the 2011 changes, it was recorded. The show is now around 27 minutes long. Often there are segments on technological solutions to problems facing charitable or humanitarian causes, with a speaker representing the cause being interviewed by Mitchell. One example is the segment on a screen saver which harnessed the power of idling home PCs to help perform complex mathematical calculations to help cure malaria.

Other topics covered have included:
 * Modern plane technology
 * problems with smartphone set up
 * Blu-ray Disc vs. HD DVD
 * The use of open source software around the world

Usually views sent either by e-mail, Facebook, Twitter or using the BBC News website are read out and discussed briefly by the hosts.

A special pre- and post show session for podcast listeners is produced which cannot be heard by those listening to broadcast radio. The fan club's Prezzi created a special picture for the show, which was framed, delivered and discussed on line, and held a Google Hangout during the show where listeners discussed the show in real time, and engaged with the presenters - see Thompson engaging with the Hangout on Air. The presenters were interviewed for the Project Kazimierz Podcast in 2015.

From 2016 to 2023, the "Digital Planet Listeners" Facebook group had a running theme hashtagged #FlatDarkStanleyNet in which Gareth Mitchell's copy of Jamie Bartlett's The Dark Net containing a bookmark (made by the illustrator Justine Rykiel) of Mitchell in his familiar checked shirt was passed around among listeners. It was based on the Flat Stanley Project. The bookmark and the book went around the world and were eventually returned to Mitchell.

title: Digital Planet


text:
Richard Le Gallienne

Richard Le Gallienne (20 January 1866 – 15 September 1947) was an English author and poet. The British-American actress Eva Le Gallienne (1899–1991) was his daughter by his second marriage to Danish journalist Julie Nørregaard (1863–1942).

Life and career
Richard Thomas Gallienne was born at West Derby, Liverpool, England, eldest son of Jean ("John") Gallienne (1843-1929), manager of the Birkenhead Brewery, and his wife Jane (1839-1910), née Smith. He attended the (then) all boys public school Liverpool College. After leaving school he changed his name to Le Gallienne and started work in an accountant's office in London. In 1883, his father took him to a lecture by Oscar Wilde in Birkenhead. He soon abandoned this job to become a professional writer with ambitions of being a poet. His book My Ladies' Sonnets appeared in 1887, and in 1889 he became, for a brief time, literary secretary to Wilson Barrett. In the summer of 1888 he met Wilde, and the two had a brief affair. Le Gallienne and Wilde continued an intimate correspondence after the end of the affair. Directly following this affair, Gallienne stayed with Joseph Gleeson White and his wife in Christchurch, Hampshire.

He joined the staff of the newspaper The Star in 1891 and wrote for various papers under the name Logroller. He contributed to The Yellow Book, and associated with the Rhymers' Club.

His first wife, Mildred Lee, and their second daughter, Maria, died in 1894 during childbirth, leaving behind Richard and their daughter Hesper Joyce. After Mildred's death he carried with him at all times, including while married to his second wife, an urn containing Mildred's ashes. Rupert Brooke, who met Le Gallienne in 1913 aboard a ship bound for the United States but did not warm to him, wrote a short poem "For Mildred's Urn" satirising this behaviour. In 1897 he married the Danish journalist Julie Nørregaard. She became stepmother to Hesper, and their daughter Eva was born 11 January 1899. In 1901 and 1902, he was a writer for The Rambler, a magazine produced by Herbert Vivian intended to be a revival of Samuel Johnson's periodical of the same name.

In 1903 Nørregaard left Richard, taking both of his daughters to live in Paris. Nørregaard later sent Hesper to live with her paternal grandparents in an affluent part of London while Eva remained with her mother. Julie later cited his inability to provide a stable home or pay his debts, alcoholism, and womanising as grounds for divorce. Their daughter Eva would grow up to take on some of her father's negative traits, including womanising and heavy drinking. Le Gallienne subsequently became a resident of the United States. He has been credited with the 1906 translation from the Danish of Peter Nansen's Love's Trilogy, but most sources and the book itself attribute it to Julie. They were divorced in June 1911. On 27 October 1911, he married Mrs. Irma Perry (née Hinton), whose previous marriage to her first cousin, the painter and sculptor Roland Hinton Perry, had been dissolved in 1904. Le Gallienne and Irma had known each other for some time and had jointly published an article as early as 1906. Irma's daughter Gwendolyn Hinton Perry subsequently called herself "Gwen Le Gallienne" but was almost certainly not his natural daughter, having been born circa 1898.

From the late 1920s, Le Gallienne and Irma lived in Paris, where Gwen was by then an established figure in the expatriate bohème and where he wrote a regular newspaper column.

Le Gallienne lived in Menton on the French Riviera during the 1940s. During the Second World War he was prevented from returning to his Menton home and lived in Monaco for the rest of the war. His house in Menton was occupied by German troops and his library was nearly sent back to Germany as bounty. Le Gallienne appealed to a German officer in Monaco, who allowed him to return to Menton to collect his books. During the war Le Gallienne refused to write propaganda for the local German and Italian authorities and, with no income, once collapsed in the street owing to hunger.

In later times he knew Llewelyn Powys and John Cowper Powys.

Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest the stress was "on the last syllable: le gal-i-enn'. As a rule I hear it pronounced as if it were spelled 'gallion,' which, of course, is wrong." (Charles Earle Funk, What's the Name, Please?, Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.)

A number of his works are now available online.

He also wrote the foreword to "The Days I Knew" by Lillie Langtry 1925, George H. Doran Company on Murray Hill New York.

Le Gallienne is buried in Menton in a grave whose lease (license No. 738 / B Extension of the Trabuquet Cemetery) does not expire until 2023.

Exhibitions
In 2016 an exhibition on the life and works of Richard Le Gallienne was held at the central library in his home city of Liverpool, England. Entitled "Richard Le Gallienne: Liverpool's Wild(e) Poet", it featured his affair with Oscar Wilde, his famous actress daughter Eva Le Gallienne and his personal ties to the city. The exhibition ran for six weeks between August and October 2016, and a talk about him was held at the Victorian Literary Symposium during Liverpool's Literary festival the same year.

Works

 * My Ladies' Sonnets and Other Vain and Amatorious Verses (1887)
 * Volumes in Folio (1889) poems
 * George Meredith: Some Characteristics (1890)
 * The Student and the Body Snatcher and Other Trifles with Robinson K. Leather (1890)
 * The Book-Bills of Narcissus (1891)
 * English Poems (1892)
 * The Religion of a Literary Man (1893)
 * Robert Louis Stevenson: An Elegy and Other Poems (1895)
 * The Quest of the Golden Girl (1896) novel
 * Prose Fancies (1896)
 * Retrospective Reviews (1896)
 * Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (1897) translation
 * If I Were God (1897)
 * The Romance of Zion Chapel (1898)
 * In Praise of Bishop Valentine (1898)
 * Young Lives (1899)
 * Sleeping Beauty and Other Prose Fancies (1900)
 * The Worshipper of the Image (1900)
 * Travels in England (1900)
 * The Love Letters of the King, or The Life Romantic (1901)
 * An Old Country House (1902)
 * Odes from the Divan of Hafiz (1903) translation
 * Old Love Stories Retold (1904)
 * Painted Shadows (1904)
 * Romances of Old France (1905)
 * Little Dinners with the Sphinx and other Prose Fancies (1907)
 * Omar Repentant (1908)
 * Wagner's Tristan and Isolde (1909) translation
 * Attitudes and Avowals (1910) essays
 * October Vagabonds (1910)
 * New Poems (1910)
 * The Loves of the Poets (1911)
 * The Maker of Rainbows and Other Fairy-Tales and Fables (1912)
 * The Lonely Dancer and Other Poems (1913)
 * The Highway to Happiness (1913)
 * Vanishing Roads and Other Essays (1915)
 * The Silk-Hat Soldier and Other Poems in War Time (1915)
 * The Chain Invisible (1916)
 * Pieces of Eight (1918)
 * The Junk-Man and Other Poems (1920)
 * The Diary of Samuel Pepys (1921) editor
 * A Jongleur Strayed (1922) poems
 * Woodstock: An Essay (1923)
 * The Romantic '90s (1925) memoirs
 * The Romance of Perfume (1928)
 * There Was a Ship (1930)
 * From a Paris Garret (1936) memoirs

title: Richard Le Gallienne


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Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/ALoan

ALoan
Vote here

(23/0/1) ends 15:17, 11 Oct 2004

ALoan has been active in the community for quite awhile now. During that time, he has shown himself to be friendly and hard-working user, taking a particular interest in COTWs. I feel he should be an admin. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 15:17, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the nomination, which I accept. -- ALoan (Talk) 16:12, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * In case you do not see the comment on my talk page, many thanks to all those who voted for me. I promise to do my best to use my new powers (such as they are) wisely. -- ALoan (Talk) 19:01, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 15:17, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Michael Snow 16:57, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Very responsible, friendly, and hard-working. • Benc • 19:39, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) ¶ ɳȉčḩåḽṗ | [[User talk:nichalp| ✉ ]]  Need more copyeditors like ALoan to clean up the mess I create ;)
 * 5) Definitely... I thought you were already a sysop... squash 21:40, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Aha, COTWs: the sure sign of a grunt worker. :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:44, 2004 Oct 4 (UTC)
 * 7) John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 22:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) *!!!! -- ℛ yan!  |  Talk  06:12, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) **What? --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 23:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) ffirehorse 05:27, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) ℛ yan!  |  Talk  06:12, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) 172 13:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Conti|✉ 15:56, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Mike H 01:14, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 15)  — Kate Turner | Talk 01:46, 2004 Oct 6 (UTC)
 * 16)  – Andre ( talk )  14:51, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 17) Fire Star 18:59, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 18) Emsworth 21:04, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 19) A collaboration machine! --Slowking Man 22:56, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 20) Not a name I know, but a trawl through his work and his involvements leads me to believe he would make a very useful admin.Sjc 08:55, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 21) Ambi 15:30, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 22) 172 23:43, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 23) Strong support. Sarge Baldy 06:11, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 24) Graham ☺ | Talk 21:19, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 25) {Ανάριον} 11:47, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral
 * 1) Netoholic @ 16:26, 2004 Oct 4 (UTC) -- Looks like a great editor. Would prefer a few more edits, and some activity outside the article namespace, so we could gauge their readiness.

Comments
 * About 1860 edits as of now, joined in late April 2004. -- Netoholic @ 16:26, 2004 Oct 4 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A - I'm already involved in the administration of WP:COTW, and actively participate in WP:FAC, WP:FARC, WP:PR, etc. Now I have noticed it, I'm likely to get involved in WP:UKCOTW.  Otherwise, I am a bit of a dilettante - I dip in and out of topics, as the mood takes me.  Recently, I've been trying to restrict my wiki-time, to get a better balance with real life.  I'd also like to get back a bit to adding content, rather than just administering.  I don't anticipate making extensive use of administrator powers (such as they are) but, for example, rollback reversion of vandalism will be useful.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A - Of my 1,800 or so contributions since April 2004, I'm particularly pleased to have been involved in getting siege, speed of light, exploding whale and cricket up to Featured Article standard. I've also added, augmented and maintained a number of cricket-related articles and categories, several articles on physics- and astronomy-related topics, and topics to do with UK taxation (more work needed here!).
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A - Who hasn't been involved in conflicts! In my experience, there is nothing better than taking a deep breath, keeping calm and trying to find out exactly what the other person really means and why, to try to reconcile positions.  I hope I have been courteous in dealing woth other wikipedians.  For example, I tried to pour some oil on the turbulent waters in Acronym and Analogue disc record (before they were moved).  As for stress, often the best remedy is to leave wikipedia alone for a while - someone else may well contribute something that will make the problem go away.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/ALoan


text:
Category:Gladwin County, Michigan

Articles related to Gladwin County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

title: Category:Gladwin County, Michigan


text: User talk:82.38.160.200

title: User talk:82.38.160.200


text: Category:Orchestra leaders

title: Category:Orchestra leaders


text:
Category:Gogebic County, Michigan

Articles related to Gogebic County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

title: Category:Gogebic County, Michigan


text:
Black Sheep (1996 film)

Black Sheep is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Penelope Spheeris, written by Fred Wolf, starring Chris Farley and David Spade, co-starring Tim Matheson, Christine Ebersole, and Gary Busey. The film follows a political aide who is assigned to control the brother of a candidate for Governor of Washington, who helps his brother's campaign. It grossed $32.3 million during its U.S. theatrical run.

Plot
Mike Donnelly, a good-natured but loud and bumbling oddball of his family, is driving an advertisement truck to support his brother Al Donnelly's campaign for Governor of Washington. His competition is the 8-year incumbent, Evelyn Tracy. Mike is chased by dogs while driving and crashes into a local movie theater. Al's campaign manager, Roger Kovary, advises Al to get rid of Mike, but Al decides to have Mike campaign for him in town with the assistance of campaign aide Steve Dodds, who accepts the job in return for a spot on Al's staff following the election. As Steve goes to pick up Mike, he hits crazed Vietnam veteran Sgt. Drake Sabitch, who ends up stealing his rental car.

Later on, Mike tries to stop underage kids from drinking, but incriminating pictures make it look like he was drinking with them, leading to his termination from a Pierce County recreation center. While packing up, he runs into a pair of thugs who set fire to the building, while the same photographer takes potentially incriminating pictures of Mike right after the thugs leave the scene of the fire. However, the first cop to arrive at the scene is Robbie Mieghem, a friend of Mike's who lets him and Steve leave before the police arrive. The two take off in Mike's car and, per Kovary's instructions, head for a shack in rural Garfield County.

The next day, as Steve and Mike hang fliers, Steve tries to make a call via cell phone; while looking for a place with reception, Steve stumbles upon the home of the aforementioned Drake Sabitch - an old school bus with a TV, a hammock, a grill, and several weapons. While trying to find a high-ground to get reception on his phone, Steve accidentally loosens a rock in a pile of stones. Later on, as the guys play checkers, a huge boulder rolls down the mountain, almost completely knocking their cabin off its foundation; that night, a stormy wind blows the roof away and hail falls inside. The next day, Mike tries to talk to Al, but Kovary refuses, so Mike decides to head into Seattle that night to talk to Al, who is going on MTV's Rock the Vote campaign. He impersonates a security guard and shouts down an unruly concertgoer, with clouds of steam coming out his ears. This ingratiates him to the security. Backstage he joins a lively party where they talk to him about how blacks are being kept down. After hanging out and bonding with the Rastafarians and being mistaken for his brother by Mudhoney, Mike cavorts around onstage assumed to be Al as he shouts various oddly misspoken political quotes and slogans (culminating to his yelling "KILL WHITEY!" once he waves to the Rastafarians as the crowd goes suddenly silent) as a shocked Al and Kovary helplessly watch. Because of his stunt, Al decides to no longer let Mike help him with the campaign, leaving Mike down. The next day, Steve and Mike sneak into Drake's home (after dodging some hidden land mines) to watch Al's debate on his TV. When Steve goes outside to use the restroom, he is attacked by Drake, but is saved by Mike, who beats the ex-soldier in unarmed combat. Drake is impressed by Mike's fighting skill and befriends both men.

Governor Tracy, in hopes of sabotaging Al following their debate, purchases the pictures of Mike at the rec center fire and posts them on TV, therefore allowing Tracy to win the election. Mike notices that the total vote count is 1,882 for Garfield County, when in fact there are only 1,502 registered voters there; furthermore, Mike recognizes the two men who set the rec center on fire standing next to Tracy. Mike and Steve go to the Garfield County Courthouse, where they obtain the names of the voters in the election. They discover that over half the people who voted for Tracy have been dead for over ten years (including Drake's father and grandfather), proving Tracy had rigged the elections. To get this to the people and Al, Mike and Steve borrow Robbie's squad car to get to Governor Tracy's victory party the following day.

At the party, the duo appears during Tracy's victory speech and the police try to arrest Mike for arson. At the podium, Mike takes a gun from one of the cops and pretends to hold Steve hostage, while Drake shows up in time to prevent a sniper from shooting Mike and controls the crowd by threatening them with an RPG. Mike reveals Tracy's election fraud, overturning the election results and making Al the winner.

Three months later, Steve is Al's new assistant and advisor, replacing Kovary after earlier in the movie, he made Al choose between his career or being with his "loser" brother and as a result, Al fired him; Al offered Mike a job in his administration, but he declined since he got his job running the recreation center back; and Al has decreased crime rates in Washington. As Al and Steve enter a jet to go to a meeting, Mike's jacket gets caught in the plane's door, causing him to be trapped outside while it takes off.

Production
Saturday Night Live creator Lorne Michaels produced the film, which was directed by Wayne's World director Penelope Spheeris. Michaels later said that the film was "an act of desperation by Paramount," in that the movie studio had under-promoted Spade and Farley's 1995 film, Tommy Boy and was now looking to profit from the same comedy formula. Michaels had contentious battles with the studio over the script of 1993's Wayne's World 2, and the animosity between the two camps spilled over into Farley's contract with Paramount. Although his agent lined up possible roles for the actor in The Cable Guy (for which he was offered $3 million) and Kingpin, the movie studio remained firm on wanting another buddy comedy with Farley and Spade.

Having performed an uncredited rewrite of Tommy Boy, Fred Wolf wrote the script for Black Sheep. Wolf said the studio told him to "deliver a finished script by midnight on Sunday, the last day Chris was contractually allowed to get out of the movie. If I didn't have a finished script -- any finished script -- they were going to sue me." Wolf wrote 45 pages within a few days, and dropped the script off at Paramount 15 minutes before his deadline. After reading the script, Farley said that he "wasn't crazy" about it, and only agreed to do the film after coaxing from David Spade.

Spheeris had notable disagreements with writer Fred Wolf and David Spade throughout the entire production of the film. Spheeris fired Wolf from the film three times (he was hired back twice by Farley and once by Lorne Michaels), then refused to speak to him and finally banned him from the set. Her relationship with Spade was equally as tumultuous. Speaking to Farley's official biographer, she said, "I don't think I've ever even smiled at anything David Spade's ever done... I still have a recording of a message David left on my answering machine. He said, 'You've spent this whole movie trying to cut my comedy balls off.'" The two worked together again on the 1998 comedy Senseless.

The combination of bright lights on set and working under sunlight while filming Black Sheep caused permanent damage to David Spade's eyes. Spade says of his condition: "I have to wear a hat even indoors and flashes in particular freak me out. I even have to make them turn down the lights in the make-up trailers. I've become such a pain in the butt with this light-sensitive thing, it's a wonder they don't Just Shoot Me!"

Reception
Black Sheep is the final appearance of Spade and Farley together. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 30% based on reviews from 33 critics. The site's consensus states: "Chris Farley and David Spade reunite to diminishing returns in Black Sheep, a comedic retread that succumbs to a woolly plot and sophomoric jokes." Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B+ on scale of A to F.

Film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the film "two big thumbs down very big thumbs way down," with Siskel admitting that Black Sheep was one of only three films he ever walked out on, the others being Million Dollar Duck and Maniac. Siskel stated several times that he did not like Chris Farley and thought of him as a terrible actor, stating at one point "Chris Farley is not funny. I knew John Belushi, I knew John Candy, he's no John Belushi or John Candy." Ebert (who gave the movie thumbs down) called it "not only one of the worst comedies I've ever seen, but one of the least ambitious; it doesn't even feel like they're trying to make a good movie." A few weeks later, during their televised review of Happy Gilmore, Ebert tried to defend Farley, saying that he thought Siskel was too hard on him, and that he believed with the right script Farley could be good in a film (he also said that during the initial episode but Siskel dissented "he's not good with any script. He just runs around screams and rolls around on the ground like a fat man".).

The opinions of other reviewers were mixed. In his review, Richard Leiby of The Washington Post wrote "Farley and Spade manage to wring humor from a series of juvenile setups and predictable pratfalls." Barry Walters of the San Francisco Examiner wrote that "there isn't one shred of slightly intellectual wit" in the film.

Black Sheep was one of the final films reviewed by Jeffery Lyons and Michael Medved on their PBS television show Sneak Previews which was ultimately cancelled later in 1996 after this film's release. Although both were fans of Farley, Tommy Boy and director Penelope Spheeris, whose film Wayne's World they enjoyed due to its wit, they felt this film was offensive, unfunny and filled with needless slapstick.

title: Black Sheep (1996 film)


text:
Wolfgang Puck

Wolfgang Johannes Puck (born July 8, 1949 in Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria) is an Austrian-American chef and restaurateur.

Early life
Puck was born in Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria. He learned cooking from his mother, who was a pastry chef. He took the surname of his stepfather, Josef Puck, after his mother's remarriage. The marriage produced two younger sisters and a younger brother for Wolfgang.

Career
Puck trained as an apprentice under Raymond Thuilier at L'Oustau de Baumanière in Les Baux-de-Provence, at Hôtel de Paris in Monaco, and at Maxim's Paris before moving to the United States in 1973 at age 24. After two years at La Tour in Indianapolis, Puck moved to Los Angeles to become chef and part owner of Ma Maison restaurant.

Following the 1981 publication of his first cookbook, Modern French Cooking for the American Kitchen, which was based on his Ma Maison recipes, Puck opened the restaurant Spago on the Sunset Strip in 1982. Fifteen years later, in 1997, Puck and Barbara Lazaroff, his then-wife and business partner, moved the award-winning Spago to Beverly Hills. It has been recognized as one of the Top 40 Restaurants in the U.S. since 2004. The Infatuation wrote that "Spago made Wolfgang Puck the first (and maybe only) chef you and your grandma know by name."

In 1991, Puck opened his fourth restaurant, Granita, a seafood restaurant in Malibu, California. The restaurant closed in 2005.

Since 2003, Puck's recipes have been syndicated worldwide to newspapers and websites by Tribune Content Agency.

Wolfgang Puck is active in philanthropic endeavors and charitable organizations. He co-founded the Puck-Lazaroff Charitable Foundation in 1982. The foundation supports the annual American Wine & Food Festival which benefits Meals on Wheels; it has raised more than $15 million since its inception.

One of Wolfgang Puck's signature dishes at his original restaurant, Spago, is house-smoked salmon pizza.

Personal life
He married Barbara Lazaroff in 1983, with whom he has two sons, Cameron and Byron. They were divorced in 2003. Barbara Lazaroff co-founded the Wolfgang Puck restaurants and continues to play a key role in the business. She has been instrumental in their interior design.

Puck became a U.S. citizen in 1999. His favorite food is macarons.

Awards and honors
In 1985, Puck received a Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in a ceremony at Denver, Colorado, presented by Awards Council member Ray Charles.

In 1993, Spago Hollywood was inducted into the Nation's Restaurant News Fine Dining Hall of Fame. The next year it received the James Beard Restaurant of the Year Award. In 2002, Puck received the 2001–2002 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Service Show, Wolfgang Puck.

Spago Beverly Hills received a James Beard Foundation Outstanding Service Award in 2005. It was awarded two Michelin stars in the 2008 and 2009 Los Angeles Michelin Guide.

CUT Beverly Hills was awarded a Michelin star in 2007. In 2013, Puck was inducted into the Culinary Hall of Fame. In July 2016, CUT at the Marina Bay Sands, Singapore was awarded a Michelin Star.

On April 26, 2017, Puck received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for his work in the TV industry, located at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard.

On May 20, 2017, Puck was named the International Foodservice Manufacturers Association (IFMA) 2017 Gold Plate Winner.

In June 2022, Puck was recognized by the International Hospitality Institute on the Global 100 in Hospitality, as one of the 100 Most Powerful People in Global Hospitality.

Restaurants

 * Spago, Puck's first restaurant opened on the Sunset Strip (1982) serving California cuisine but later relocated to Beverly Hills. There are five other Spago locations including Budapest, Istanbul, Las Vegas, Maui, and Singapore
 * Caramá located at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas.
 * CUT in Beverly Hills, Las Vegas, London, New York City, and Washington D.C.
 * CUT by Wolfgang Puck at Four Seasons Hotels Bahrain Bay and at The Shoppes at Marina Bay, Singapore
 * Chinois on Main in Santa Monica, California.
 * The Marketplace by Wolfgang Puck, El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá, Colombia
 * III by Wolfgang Puck in Houston, Texas.
 * Merois in West Hollywood, California
 * Ospero in West Hollywood, California opened in April 2021.
 * Wolfgang Puck Bar & Grill in Las Vegas and Disney Springs
 * Wolfgang Puck Kitchen in Shanghai and The Villages, Florida
 * Wolfgang Puck’s Kitchen Counter in Cancun International Airport

Former restaurants

 * Five-Sixty was located in Dallas and featured Asian-inspired New American cuisine. After 11 years, it closed in April 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * Postrio, Innovative food that draws from a myriad of cultures, a wine list that has both breadth and depth. 1989 - 2009
 * Granita, a seafood restaurant in Malibu, California. 1991 - 2005.
 * Eureka, Restaurant & Brewery in West Los Angeles. 1990 - 1993.
 * Lupo in Las Vegas, Nevada at Mandalay Bay
 * The Source, Washington, D.C., modern interpretation of Asian cuisine located at the Newseum. It closed in 2020.
 * Wolfgang Puck Steak, a signature restaurant of MGM Grand Detroit in Detroit. It closed in 2020.
 * Wolfgang Puck Kitchen in Costa Mesa, California
 * Wolfgang Puck Express in Disney Springs

Companies
Wolfgang Puck restaurants, catering services, cookbooks and licensed products are handled by Wolfgang Puck Companies, with three divisions: Wolfgang Puck Fine Dining Group, Wolfgang Puck Catering, and Wolfgang Puck Worldwide, Inc.

title: Wolfgang Puck


text:
Borgo

Borgo may refer to the following places:

Finland

 * Borgå

France

 * Borgo, Haute-Corse

Italy

 * Borgo (rione of Rome), a rione in the City of Rome.
 * Borgo a Mozzano, in the province of Lucca
 * Borgo d'Ale, in the province of Vercelli
 * Borgo di Terzo, in the province of Bergamo
 * Borgo Pace, in the province of Pesaro e Urbino
 * Borgo Priolo, in the province of Pavia
 * Borgo San Dalmazzo, in the province of Cuneo
 * Borgo San Giacomo, in the province of Brescia
 * Borgo San Giovanni, in the province of Lodi
 * Borgo San Lorenzo, in the province of Florence
 * Borgo San Martino, in the province of Alessandria
 * Borgo San Siro, in the province of Pavia
 * Borgo Santa Lucia an historic rione in the City of Naples
 * Borgo Ticino, in the province of Novara
 * Borgo Tossignano, in the province of Bologna
 * Borgo Val di Taro, in the province of Parma
 * Borgo Valsugana, in the province of Trento
 * Borgo Velino, in the province of Rieti
 * Borgo Vercelli, in the province of Vercelli
 * Borgosesia, in the province of Vercelli
 * Borgomanero, in the province of Novara
 * Borgorose, in the province of Rieti

Malta

 * Birgu

Romania

 * Borgo Pass

San Marino

 * Borgo Maggiore

title: Borgo


text:
Almanon (crater)

Almanon is a lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged highlands in the south-central region of the Moon. It was named after Abbasid Caliph and astronomer Al-Ma'mun. It is located to the south-southeast of Abulfeda, and to the north-northeast of the smaller crater Geber. The crater chain designated Catena Abulfeda forms a line between the south rim of Abulfeda and the north rim of Almanon, continuing for a length of about 210 kilometers to the Rupes Altai scarp.

The rim of Almanon forms a slightly distorted circle, with outward bulges to the north and southwest. The crater pair Almanon A and Almanon B is attached to the exterior of the southern rim. The interior wall is wider along the eastern side than elsewhere. Small craters belonging to the Catena Abulfeda intrude slightly into the northeast rim. The outer wall is generally worn and lacks the crispness of a younger crater, but is not significantly impacted by subsequent cratering. The interior floor is relatively flat and lacks notable features other than a few tiny craterlets.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Almanon.

title: Almanon (crater)


text:
Borgo di Terzo

Borgo di Terzo (Bergamasque: Bórg de Tèrs) is a comune in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy, in northern Italy.

Neighboring communes

 * Entratico
 * Vigano San Martino
 * Berzo San Fermo
 * Luzzana

title: Borgo di Terzo


text:
Blank Check (film)

Blank Check (in the United Kingdom originally released as Blank Cheque) is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Rupert Wainwright and starring Brian Bonsall, Karen Duffy, Miguel Ferrer, James Rebhorn, Tone Lōc, Jayne Atkinson and Michael Lerner. It was released on February 11, 1994, by Walt Disney Pictures. The film follows a boy who inherits a blank check and uses it to buy a house under an alter ego but is soon being searched for by several members of the bank he cashed it under. Upon release, the film received negative reviews, but was a box office success grossing $39 million on a $13 million budget.

Plot
11-year-old Preston Waters laments his relative lack of money compared to his entrepreneurial older brothers and his white collar father, an investor. His situation regularly leads him to humiliating situations including having his brothers, 16-year-old Damian and 15-year-old Ralph, invade his bedroom to use as an office for their home business. He is also forced to attend his classmate Butch's birthday party at Cliffside Fun Park, where he is unable to afford anything other than the kiddie rides because his father is very frugal with money.

One day, he gets involved in a bike accident with escaped convict Carl Quigley, who had just left a Zero Halliburton briefcase containing $1,000,000 in stolen cash in the care of bank president Edward H. Biderman to be laundered and retrieved by an associate the next day. Afraid of drawing attention from the police, Quigley hastily hands Preston a signed blank check and flees the scene.

Preston uses his computer to fill out the check himself for $1,000,000 and attempts to cash it the next day. He is taken to Biderman, who believes Preston is the associate named “Juice” that Quigley told him he was sending. Believing this is part of Quigley's plan, Biderman fills Preston’s backpack with $1,000,000 in clean money and Preston leaves the bank just as the real Juice arrives for the money. An angered Quigley sets out to find Preston with Juice hoping to reclaim his stolen money and threatens Biderman's family with death unless he comes along. Meanwhile, Preston goes on a spending spree, purchasing a large house and a limousine service with a chauffeur named Henry, and then fills the house with toys, gadgets, and electronics all in the name of a mysterious employer he creates named "Macintosh", after his brothers' computer. Preston uses a computer program called MacSpeak as the voice of Mr. Macintosh when he needs to conduct business over the phone, otherwise Preston presents himself as Mr. Macintosh's assistant.

Shay Stanley, a teller from the bank, seeks out Preston and his employer Mr. Macintosh, after the realtor who sold the house to Macintosh deposits $300,000 cash with her bank. Shay, an undercover FBI agent investigating Biderman for money laundering, is suspicious of the sudden flow of cash that has come through Biderman’s bank and follows the trail to Preston/Macintosh. Denied a meeting with Macintosh, Preston claims that he handles some of Macintosh’s financial affairs and the two end up going on a business date. Later, Preston throws an expensive birthday party for himself and Macintosh for which the party planner Yvonne takes at least $40,000 in cash from Preston, claiming it covers the fees for the event. Yvonne later gives Preston the party planning bill and cost which is $100,000. Preston invites Shay and Henry to the party, with many others showing up. At the party, Preston learns that he only has $332 left and that he cannot pay the planner what he owes for the party.

Still checking on the computer, his dad shows up talking to the so-called Macintosh. He tells him that if he sees Preston, to send him home because it is his birthday. Preston's dad takes a moment talking about his son and is afraid how he doesn’t want to lose Preston and to grow up and to be like him not having fun. He leaves just before Preston starts crying. During the party, Preston tells Yvonne that Macintosh has left and there's no more money, the planner shuts the party down, leaving Preston alone in the empty house. Quigley, Biderman, and Juice arrive and demand Preston return the money, only to find out Preston has spent all of it in six days; Biderman tells Quigley about adopting the Macintosh name in hopes of inheriting the new life he was hoping for. However, Preston escapes, and the three pursue him throughout the property. Although Preston manages to fend off his pursuers by using his various purchases, they eventually catch up to him, but the FBI shows up with Shay in time to save him.

Quigley announces that he is Macintosh, thinking that assuming the false identity would grant him the new life he was seeking after escaping prison. However, the FBI arrest Quigley for numerous crimes they intended to charge to Macintosh, along with Biderman and Juice as accomplices. Preston bids Henry farewell and shares a goodbye kiss with Shay before returning to his family to celebrate his birthday, now understanding that money cannot buy happiness and that family is what matters most.

Cast

 * Brian Bonsall as Preston Waters, aka Mr. Macintosh
 * Karen Duffy as Shay Stanley
 * Miguel Ferrer as Carl Quigley
 * Michael Lerner as Edward Biderman
 * Tone Lōc as Juice
 * James Rebhorn as Fred Waters
 * Jayne Atkinson as Sandra Waters
 * Rick Ducommun as Henry
 * Debbie Allen as Yvonne
 * Chris Demetral as Damian Waters
 * Michael Faustino as Ralph Waters
 * Alex Zuckerman as Butch

Production
Blank Check was filmed in Austin, San Antonio, and Dallas. The castle house that Preston buys was filmed at the Pemberton Castle (Fisher Gideon House) at 1415 Wooldridge Drive in Austin, a Texas Historical Landmark, which is now owned by filmmaker Robert Rodriguez. The theme park in the beginning of the movie was Six Flags Fiesta Texas; several of the park's attractions, including The Rattler and Power Surge, were filmed in this movie.

The bank featured in the movie is in the historic Alamo National Bank Building. The bank lobby was featured and it has a 23 story office tower above it. The building opened in 1929, and today houses the Drury Plaza Hotel.

Critical reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 9% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 2.98/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on nine critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Peter Rainer of the Los Angeles Times stating that what was "missing from this film is any trace of the joy in simple pleasures. Preston isn't a very imaginative child; he's a goodies gatherer." Janet Maslin of The New York Times said that it "looks like the best bet for family audiences in a season short on kiddie oriented entertainment. And it's a movie that no parents in their right minds should let children see."

The Chicago Tribune stated that "[w]ith its contrived plot, its MTV-inspired montages and its blatant shilling for products, it is film as hard sell, and it comes with a decidedly suspect warranty. Its mercantile instincts are so primary it looks like an infomercial."

Kissing controversy
The appropriateness of a scene depicting a kiss between Preston and Shay near the end of the film has been called into question, particularly with Shay's job as an agent with the FBI. Brian Bonsall was 12 years old at the time of filming, while Karen Duffy was 31. Concerns were raised in a September 2009 episode of the review web series Nostalgia Critic.

In January 2017, Blank Check was made available on Netflix in the United States, which led many critics to review the film anew. Observer's Dana Schwartz claimed the kissing scene left her feeling "totally grossed out", while Kylie Queen from WJBQ described the act as "borderline pedophilia". In March 2020, the Disney+ streaming service came under criticism for not featuring the Love, Simon spinoff television series Love, Victor, deeming it to be "too adult", but making Blank Check available to view with the kissing scene still featuring.

Box office
Blank Check debuted at number 3 at the US box office behind Ace Ventura: Pet Detective and The Getaway with $5.4 million in its opening weekend. In total, the film went on to gross $30.5 million in the United States and Canada and $38.8 million worldwide.

Year-end lists

 * 1st worst – Melinda Miller, The Buffalo News
 * Worst (not ranked) – Bob Ross, The Tampa Tribune

title: Blank Check (film)


text:
Mizz (magazine)

Mizz Magazine was a monthly magazine published in the United Kingdom, and was aimed at teenage and pre-teen girls (usually to those between the ages of 11 and 14).

History
Mizz was first published in April 1985. In March 2006 the magazine was sold by IPC Media to Panini UK. The magazine was published on a fortnightly basis until 2012 when its frequency was changed to monthly.

In 2012 online version of Mizz was started. However, the magazine folded in 2013.

Say What?
Mizz readers could post comments in this section of the magazine. They usually talked about celebrities, brilliant sections of the magazine or stuff that they really like. A Star Letter was chosen every fortnight. The writer of the Star Letter used to get a T-shirt. You could also post "text messages" and say "hi" to your friends. Other sections of the Say What? section were "Get It Or Regret It" section which show items that the editor likes, a "Top Pet" section which readers show their pets and a "Sizzlin and Fizzlin" section. You could send Mizz your say by email, text or letter.

Real life
In the real life section, every issue showed a different story that someone has shared, about something "crazy, dramatic or unusual", usually there was a story about someone being hurt or a terrible experience. For example, in issue 652 the real life was "I'll never walk again".

Fashion
Mizz incorporated pages of fashion; displaying clothing trends, using models ranging from 12 to 16 years old. It encouraged its readers to write in about events in their life, varying from serious to comic issues. It also contained information about celebrities in a 'gossip' form. The magazine also included information on how to deal with teenage issues related to puberty, hygiene, friends and relationships. It had a range of competitions and quizzes and posters. It often came with freebies.

title: Mizz (magazine)


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Dulce Pontes

Dulce José Silva Pontes (born 8 April 1969) is a Portuguese songwriter and singer who performs in many musical styles, including pop, folk, and classical music. She is usually defined as a world music artist. Her songs contributed to the 1990s revival of Portuguese urban folk music called fado.

Biography
Pontes was born in 1969 in Montijo, a town in the District of Setúbal, near Lisbon. She trained as a pianist, and started a career in singing after entering a competition in her hometown at the age of 18. She soon became an actress on Portuguese television and theatre. In 1991, she won the national music festival with her song "Lusitana paixão", (known in English as "Tell Me"), which led her to represent Portugal at the Eurovision Song Contest. She finished 8th in the competition, which was at the time the third-best finish for a Portuguese performer.

Her interpretation of famous fado themes like "Lágrima" e "Estranha Forma de Vida", earned her in the press the name of "successor and heir to Amália Rodrigues".

Dulce Pontes started her career as a mainstream pop artist, but over the years she has evolved to become a world music singer. She blends traditional fado with contemporary styles and searches out new forms of musical expression. She introduced musical traditions of the Iberian Peninsula in her work, rediscovered many long forgotten popular tunes and found use for obsolete musical instruments. Her work is inspired and influenced not only by Iberian musical tradition, but also, African, Brazilian, Arabic and Bulgarian sounds. She sings mostly in her native Portuguese.

Dulce Pontes has collaborated with Cesária Évora, Caetano Veloso, Marisa Monte, Daniela Mercury, Carlos Núñez, the Chieftains, Kepa Junkera, Eleftheria Arvanitaki, George Dalaras, Andrea Bocelli (O Mar e Tu, duet sung by Pontes in Portuguese and Bocelli in Neapolitan, for his 1999 album Sogno), Joan Manuel Serrat, Wayne Shorter, Trilok Gurtu, Christopher Tin for his albums Calling All Dawns (Grammy awarded) (on the song Se É Pra Vir Que Venha) and The Drop That Contained the Sea (on the song Passou o Verão) and others.

Her song "Canção do Mar" appeared on the soundtrack of Hollywood film Primal Fear. A 30-second piece of that same song serves as the theme to the NBC police drama Southland.

Her album Focus (2003) is the fruit of a collaboration with Italian composer Ennio Morricone with whom she has also toured and performed live. She sang in prestigious concert halls like Carnegie Hall in New York and the Royal Albert Hall in London, among many other places worldwide.

In June 2006, Pontes prepared her double LP O Coração Tem Três Portas (The Heart Has Three Doors). It was recorded live without an audience in Convent of the Order of Christ in Tomar and St Mary Church in Óbidos. According to the artist, it is "her most personal and intimate album." It includes Portuguese folk music, mostly fado". It was released in December 2006.

Dulce Pontes with José Carreras in duet together, starred in the official opening of the international election of the New 7 Wonders of the World in 2007 with her theme "One World" (We are one).

In 2009, Pontes released Momentos, a career-spanning double disc collection that included previously unreleased tracks.

Her versatility in music styles shows also in her performances of Latin-American tango's of Astor Piazzolla (for example "Balada para un Loco" and "Maria de Buenos Aires" or "Volver" by Carlos Gardel).

Personal life
She is the mother of a son, José Gabriel, who was born on 23 January 2002 in Lisbon and a daughter, Maria José, who was born on 24 January 2009 in Amadora.

Discography

 * Lusitana (1992)
 * Lágrimas (1993) (Tears)
 * Brisa do Coração (1995) (Breeze of the heart) - album live recorded during a concert held May 6, 1995, in Porto.
 * Caminhos (1996) (Paths)
 * O Primeiro Canto (1999) (The first chant/song)
 * Best Of (2003)
 * Focus (2003) - with Ennio Morricone collaboration.
 * O Coração Tem Três Portas (2006) (The heart has three doors) - including a DVD, recorded live in a convent and church
 * Momentos (2009) (Moments)
 * Peregrinação (2017)
 * Best Of (Deluxe) (2019)
 * Perfil (2022)

title: Dulce Pontes


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Borgo San Giacomo

Borgo San Giacomo (Brescian: Borgh San Giàcom) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

title: Borgo San Giacomo


text:
Aloha (crater)

Aloha is a tiny impact crater on the Moon, that lies to the northwest of the Montes Agricola ridge, on the Oceanus Procellarum. It is located near the faint terminus of a ray that crosses the mare from the southeast, originating at the crater Glushko.

title: Aloha (crater)


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Danny O'Brien (journalist)

Danny O'Brien (born 1969) is a British technology journalist and civil liberties activist. He was the international director of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Career

O'Brien wrote weekly columns for The Sunday Times and The Irish Times; and before that for The Guardian, and acted as a consultant in helping The Guardian formulate its online strategy. He worked for the UK edition of Wired, as well as for Channel 4 and the British ISP Virgin.net. Together with Dave Green, he founded and wrote the now-defunct email newsletter Need to Know and with whom he also co-wrote and co-presented the television show 404 Not Found.

In May 2005, he succeeded Ren Bucholz as Activist Coordinator for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and then became EFF's International Outreach Coordinator. In April 2010, he moved to a new position as Internet Advocacy Coordinator for the Committee to Protect Journalists. In February 2013, he became the Director of the International Department at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

He was Director of Strategy at the EFF from July 2019 – June 2021.

He become a Senior Fellow at the Filecoin Foundation, and Filecoin Foundation for the Decentralized Web in July 2021.

O'Brien also set up a pledge on PledgeBank to help coordinate the establishment of "an organisation that will campaign for digital rights in the UK", which led to the creation of the Open Rights Group.

Family
O'Brien is married to Liz Henry. He was previously married to Quinn Norton, with whom he has a daughter.

title: Danny O'Brien (journalist)


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Noise gate

A noise gate or simply gate is an electronic device or software that is used to control the volume of an audio signal. Comparable to a compressor, which attenuates signals above a threshold, such as loud attacks from the start of musical notes, noise gates attenuate signals that register below the threshold. However, noise gates attenuate signals by a fixed amount, known as the range. In its simplest form, a noise gate allows a main signal to pass through only when it is above a set threshold: the gate is "open". If the signal falls below the threshold, no signal is allowed to pass (or the signal is substantially attenuated): the gate is "closed". A noise gate is used when the level of the "signal" is above the level of the unwanted "noise". The threshold is set above the level of the "noise", and so when there is no main "signal", the gate is closed.

A common application is with electric guitar to remove hum and hiss noise caused by distortion effects units. A noise gate does not remove noise from the signal itself; when the gate is open, both the signal and the noise will pass through. Even though the signal and the unwanted noise are both present in open gate status, the noise is not as noticeable. The noise becomes most noticeable during periods where the main signal is not present, such as a bar of rest in a guitar solo. Gates typically feature "attack", "release", and "hold" settings and may feature a "look-ahead" function.

Controls and parameters
Noise gates have a threshold control to set the level at which the gate will open. More advanced noise gates have more features.

The release control is used to define the length of time the gate takes to change from open to fully closed. It is the fade-out duration. A fast release abruptly cuts off the sound, whereas a slower release smoothly attenuates the signal from open to closed, resulting in a slow fade-out. If the release time is too short, a click can be heard when the gate re-opens. Release is the second-most common control to find on a gate, after threshold.

The attack control is used to define the length of time the gate takes to change from closed to fully open. It is the fade-in duration.

The hold control is used to define the length of time the gate will stay fully open after the signal falls below the threshold, and before the release period is commenced. The hold control is often set to ensure the gate does not close during short pauses between words or sentences in a speech signal.

The range control is used to set the amount of attenuation to be applied to the signal when the gate is closed. Often there will be complete attenuation, that is no signal will pass when the gate is closed. In some circumstances, complete attenuation is not desired and the range can be changed.

Advanced gates have an external sidechain. This is an additional input that allows the gate to be triggered by another audio signal. A variation of a sidechained noise gate used in electronic music production is a trancegate or just simply gate, where the noise gate is not controlled by audio signal but a preprogrammed pattern, resulting in a precisely controlled chopping of a sustained sound.

Noise gates often implement hysteresis, that is, they have two thresholds: one to open the gate and another, set a few dB below, to close the gate. This means that once a signal has dropped below the close threshold, it has to rise to the open threshold for the gate to open, so that a signal that crosses over the close threshold regularly does not open the gate and cause chattering. A longer hold time also helps to avoid chattering, as described above.

Roles
The basic function of a noise gate is to eliminate sounds below a given threshold. Noise gates are commonly used in the recording studio and sound reinforcement. Rock musicians may also use small portable "stompbox" units to control unwanted noise from their guitar amplification systems. Band-limited noise gates are also used to eliminate background noise from audio recordings by eliminating frequency bands that contain only static.

Audio noise reduction
In audio post-processing, noise gating reduces steady noise sources such as rumble from LP records, hiss from audio tape, static from a radio or amplifier, and hum from a power system, without greatly affecting the source sound. An audio signal such as music or speech is broken up into many frequency bands by a collection of overlapping band-pass filters, and if the signal amplitude in any one band is lower than a preset threshold, then that band is eliminated from the final sound. This greatly reduces perceptible background noise because only the frequency components of the noise that are within the gated passbands survive.

The technique was implemented in real-time electronics in some audiophile record players as early as the 1980s, and is now commonly used in audio production post-processing, where software to Fourier transform the audio signal can yield a very detailed spectrum of the background noise. Common digital audio editing software packages such as CoolEdit and Audacity include easy-to-use digital noise gating code: the user selects a segment of audio that contains only static, and the amplitude levels in each frequency band are used to determine the threshold levels to be applied across the signal as a whole.

Noise gating works well when the static is steady and either narrowly confined in frequency (e.g. hum from AC power) or well below the main signal level (15 dB minimum is desirable). In cases where the signal merges with the background static (for example, the brushed drum sounds in the "Sun King" track on the Beatles album Abbey Road) or is weak compared to the noise (as in very faint tape recordings, the noise gating can add artifacts that are more distracting than the original static.

In the context of a multi-microphone recording session, noise gating is employed to reduce the leakage of sound into a microphone from sources other than the one the microphone was intended for. One example involves the mic-ing up of a drumkit. In most multi-mic drum recordings, one microphone will be used to capture the snare drum sound and another to capture the kick drum sound. The snare microphone will output a signal composed of a high level snare signal and a lower level kick drum signal (due to the further distance of the kick drum from the snare microphone). If the threshold level of the noise gate is set correctly, a snare drum signal can be isolated. To fully isolate the snare drum signal, the release rate has to be quite fast, which can cause the tail end of the snare sound to be "chopped off". This can usually be remedied by the inclusion of one or more overhead microphones, which can act as a general "audio glue" for all the other gated sources.

Noise gates are useful when editing live recordings to remove background noise between passages or pieces of dialogue. However, care must be taken in setting the gates so they do not trigger due to spurious noise such as when people move chairs.

For vocal applications on stage, an optical microphone switch may be used. An infra-red sensor senses if somebody is in front of the microphone and switches on the microphone.

Recording usages
A good example of time-controlled noise gating is the well-known "gated reverb" effect heard on the drums on the Phil Collins hit single "In the Air Tonight", created by engineer-producer Hugh Padgham, in which the powerful reverberation added to the drums is cut off by the noise gate after a few milliseconds, rather than being allowed to decay naturally. This can also be achieved by: sending the "dry" snare signal to the reverb (or other process) unit, inserting a noise gate on the path of the reverb signal and connecting the snare sound to the side chain of the gate unit. With the gate unit set to "external sidechain" (or "external key"), the gate will respond to the snare signal level and "cut off" when that has decayed below the threshold, not the reverberated sound.

It is a common production trick to use spurious combinations of side chain inputs to control longer, more sustained sounds. For example, a hi-hat signal can be used to control a sustained synthesized sound to produce a rhythmic melodic (or harmonic) signal which is perfectly in time with the hi-hat signal. A good example of this use of the device can be found on the Godley & Creme concept album Consequences. The album's story required the creation of a number of special sound effects that would convey the impression of natural disasters.

For the "Fire" sequence, Godley and Creme used a noise gate, triggered by the sound of multitracked voices, that created the "voice" of a raging bushfire. During the recording of this segment, each time the voice signal began, it triggered the noise gate to open up another channel, which carried a pre-recorded loop of a crackling sound (created by overdubbing the sound of Bubble Wrap being popped in front of a microphone). The combined voices and crackling created an eerie and quite convincing "talking fire" effect.

"One thing I did that I think gave the album a certain sound was I Kepexed everything," said Alan Parsons, engineer on Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon. "Kepexes were very early noise gates, and we Kepexed not only going from the first sixteen-track to the second, but also on the mix. They were quite revolutionary at the time and they had a very individual sound. It was very effective on the heartbeats. That was a kick drum, and you hear the noise being modulated by a noise gate, which is an integral part of that sound."

Multi-latch gating
The invention of a technique, called multi-latch gating by Jay Hodgson, common in classical music recordings for years, is often credited to producer Tony Visconti, whose use on David Bowie's "Heroes" may have been the first in rock. Visconti recorded Bowie's vocals in a large space using three microphones placed 9 inches (23 cm), 20 feet (6.1 m), and 50 feet (15.2 m) away, respectively. A different gate was applied to each microphone so that the farther microphone was triggered only when Bowie reached the appropriate volume, and each microphone was muted as the next one was triggered.

"Bowie's performance thus grows in intensity precisely as ever more ambience infuses his delivery until, by the final verse, he has to shout just to be heard....The more Bowie shouts to be heard, in fact, the further back in the mix Visconti's multi-latch system pushes his vocal tracks [dry audio being perceived as front and ambience pushing audio back in the mix], creating a stark metaphor for the situation of Bowie's doomed lovers shouting their love for one another over the Berlin wall."

Trance gating
Envelope following (also called trance gating because of its prevalence in trance) is the use of a gate on a track additional to the one it attenuates, so called because the latter's amplitude profile will then match or closely follow that of the first. Envelope following may be used to create syncopated rhythms or to tighten sloppy performances. For example, a synth pad may play whole notes while keyed to a guitar or percussion part. Examples include DJ Nexus's "Journey into Trance" (1:11), Chic's "Everybody Dance", and Diana Ross's "Upside Down".

Sound reinforcement
Noise gates play an important role in drum mic'ing in heavy metal shows. The drum and cymbal mic channels will typically have noise gates so that the mics will only be turned on when the specific drum or cymbal is being played. This dramatically reduces "bleeding" between the drum mics. This is used to reduce audio feedback triggered by other highly amplified sounds onstage.

title: Noise gate


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Category:Hillsdale County, Michigan

Articles related to Hillsdale County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

title: Category:Hillsdale County, Michigan


text:
Borgosatollo

Borgosatollo (Brescian: Borsadòl ) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Brescia, Castenedolo, Montirone, Poncarale and San Zeno Naviglio, and situated directly south of Brescia, in the plain.

Borgosatollo's area include also two frazioni, Gerole and Piffione.

Symbol
The coat of arms of the town was established by Royal Decree of August 28, 1931 following a request made last year by the municipal administration to the Heraldic Florence on the basis of a representation in stone placed on the arch of the entrance of the municipal building. The shield is an sannitico type, stamped by the crown of Italian municipalities regulate, and depicts a sheep rampant on blue. The two branches are in decusse laurel, left, and oak, right, both presented with fruits.

Bosio (2006) reports the popular tradition according to which the original coat of arms had a boar rampant on green background, as demonstrated by some versions of the banner municipal.

Middle Ages
Until the thirteenth century, the territory of Borgosatollo was uncultivated due to the characteristics of the soil, substantially gravelly, and due to the lack of an irrigation network. In that period, on the initiative of the municipal republic of Brescia and of the bishop Berardo Maggi, derivations of the Brescia Naviglio Grande were built, such as the Naviglio Inferiore, the San Pola canal, the Mora or Avogadra and the Vescovada, which allowed the land to be cleared up to at the present via San Francesco d'Assisi.

Borgosatollo in the fourteenth century was involved in the wars between Scaligeri and Visconti, given its strategic position. According to Mazza (1986) two castles were built: one on the Naviglio, near the bridge along the road that connected Poncarale to Castenedolo and Rezzato, and one near the current Castle district, to defend the inhabitants.

During the second half of the fourteenth century, the Visconti had become stable rulers of the Brescia area and decided to repopulate the areas devastated by wars and the plague of 1348 with inhabitants from the Bergamo valleys of the Scalve and Seriana valleys. Borgosatollo also saw the population of new families coming from those areas.

Around 1380, the inhabitants of the town who had not obtained Brescia's citizenship formed in common with a system, that of the Vicinias, which was maintained in vogue until 1797. According to the Viscount Estimus of 1385, the municipality belonged to the square of Capriano with Mairano.

After the Italian Unification
Following the events of the second Italian war of independence (1859), Borgosatollo became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia (from 1861, the Kingdom of Italy). On the basis of the decree Rattazzi was included in Rezzato's IV district, belonging to the District I of the new province of Brescia.

At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the company Facchi & Fisogni was established in the country and was the first to experiment in Italy with the fractional distribution system of milk, both whole and skimmed, distributing it in glass bottles throughout the provincial capital.

With royal decree 4 December 1927, n. 2350, the nearby town of Montirone was abolished, the territory of which was assigned to that of Borgosatollo. In 1955 the Montironese municipal autonomy was restored, which materialized the following year.

Language
In the territory of Borgosatollo, alongside Italian, is also spoken the Lombard language primarily in its variant of Brescian dialect.

Frazioni
The municipal statute recognizes the presence of two frazioni: In the territory of the municipality are the following locations: Colombo, Fuserino, Gorgone, Pradossi, Sorek, Venezia.
 * Gerole
 * Piffione

Church of Santa Maria Annunciata
It is the parish church of the town, dedicated to the Annunciation of Mary. The previous factory was raised between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The current building was built on a project by Antonio Marchetti in the second half of the eighteenth century: the first stone was laid on August 1, 1762 and the work continued in the following decades. The interior is punctuated by architraved columns and triangular tympanums. The Annunciation and the Last Supper are the work of Sante Cattaneo, while the Holy Trinity with Saints Barnabas, Agostino and Monica is by Pietro Muttoni known as the Old Man. The attribution of the author of the work Sant'Antonio and the Immaculate Conception is uncertain, as are the nine broad bricks containing the life of Mary. The decorations are the work of Pietro Scalvini.

Church of Santissima Trinità
The church of the Holy Trinity is a building design with a single nave. It is located on the driveway for Ghedi and is dedicated to the Christian dogma of the Trinity.

It was built in the fifteenth century and was used as a leper hospital during the plague of 1630.

St. Michael the Archangel
Build around the thirteenth century, is now on road 23 between Borgosatollo and Montirone.

It still has some frescoes in the apse.

Transport
The Borgosatollo's area is cross by Brescia-Parma railway. Until the early twentieth century, it was running a train station, later abandoned and converted into a private residence.

The inhabited center and the hamlet of Piffione are crossed by the provincial 23 Borgosatollo-Montirone which joins north on the former Brescia-Cremona state road and south on the provincial 24 Chiaviche-Cadimarco. Provincial 77 begins from the center of Borgosatollo, connecting the town to the nearby town of Castenedolo, near the Alpine resort.

The Borgosatollese territory is crossed to the west by the A21 Turin-Piacenza-Brescia motorway. Close to the municipal boundaries in the south there is the Ospitaletto-Montichiari motorway link that serves Borgosatollo through the homonymous highway exit. In addition to this, the closest toll booths are those of Brescia Centro, in Brescia, and Brescia Sud, in the territory of Poncarale.

The Brescia-Parma railway runs south-west of the Borgosatollese area. Until the early twentieth century, a railway station was in operation, later abandoned and converted into a private home.

The municipality is part of the urban transport network of the province of Brescia and is therefore served by the 14 Metro Volta-Borgosatollo-Capodimonte line, with some Brescia-Capodimonte station runs.

In the vicinity of Borgosatollo there is also the "Gabriele D'Annunzio" airport of Brescia-Montichiari, mainly interested in the transport of goods.

Football
In Borgosatollo there were initially two football teams, today united in the same football group:

the A.C. Borgosatollo 1982 Calcio company born in 1982 which played in the Lombardy group of promotion whose colors are white and red.

Real Calcio Borgosatollo. Whose colors are yellow and blue.

Tamburello
There is a tamburello team, the A.T. Borgosatollo who was champion of Italy in 2001 (the only Brescia team to win the title in Serie A) and champion of Europe in the seasons 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Other sports
There are also volleyball and basketball teams.

Also important is the cycling of which the greatest local export was Benedetto Pola, world cycling champion to whom the town's sports center is named.

title: Borgosatollo


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Brigitte Fossey

Brigitte Florence Fossey (born 15 June 1946) is a French actress.

Early years
The daughter of a schoolteacher, Fossey was five years old when she was cast by director René Clément to star in his film, Forbidden Games. Fossey played the role of an innocent child orphaned by World War II. The film won numerous awards worldwide, including the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and Fossey was hired by American actor/director Gene Kelly for his 1957 film, The Happy Road. When Fossey was ten years old her parents took her out of the film business so she could receive proper schooling. While completing her education, Fossey studied piano and dance and then went on to work in Geneva, Switzerland as an interpreter/translator.

Career
In 1967, at age twenty, after studying acting at Yves Furet "Studio d'Entrainement de l'Acteur" in Paris, Fossey was offered the female lead by director Jean-Gabriel Albicocco for his film Le Grand Meaulnes. As an adult Fossey acted both on stage and in film, working with French directors such as François Truffaut and Bertrand Blier. Fluent in English, Fossey has appeared in several Hollywood motion pictures, including a 1979 role as the wife of Paul Newman in the Robert Altman-directed film, Quintet. In 1982, she was a member of the jury at the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival. During the 1990s, she began performing in television productions.

Personal life
Brigitte Fossey has a daughter from her marriage to director Jean-François Adam, whom she met while making his 1970 film M comme Mathieu.

Awards and recognition

 * 1977: Nominated for a César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Le bon et les méchants
 * 1978: Nominated for a César Award for Best Actress for Les Enfants du placard

title: Brigitte Fossey


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Talk:Separation of church and state in the United States

Ref

 * https://www.christianpost.com/news/atheist-group-demands-pelosi-drop-prayer-from-jan-6-vigil.html

 Bookku, 'Encyclopedias = expanding information & knowledge' (talk) 14:35, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

Addition of “In God We Trust” Controversy
Hi! I’m looking to add a section about the debate of the motto “In God We Trust” in the context of separation of Church and State under the “Interpretive Controversies” section of this article. The exactly size of the subsection is unknown at the moment, but it will probably be about 5-10 paragraphs. Does anyone feel that this doesn’t belong and I should edit another Wiki article, or is this okay? Thank you! 172.99.58.62 (talk) 20:17, 29 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I think that it belongs but IMO that 5-10 paragraph range includes possibilities that are too large. North8000 (talk) 20:28, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

point of view on interpretive controversies
In the section on modern interpretation, neutrality is particularly critical. It might be better to fold this in with the article on Accommodationism. Or this could be revised for a more concise overview of the specific issues in recent cases and debate on the disestablishment principle and free exercise principle. Eikko (talk) 20:45, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

seperation of church and state by max weber talking about calvinism proof
https://archive.org/details/MaxWeberEconomyAndSociety (talk) 20:28, 4 March 2024 (UTC)


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Borno, Lombardy

Borno (Camunian: Búren) is an Italian comune   in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

It is located on the so-called plateau of the Sun.

Main sights

 * Parish Church of San Martin and John the Baptist (18th century).
 * Oratory of San Antonio, right of the parish. It houses a fresco by Callisto Piazza.
 * Oratory of the Disciplini
 * Church of Our Lady of Sorrows (17th century)
 * Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, previously dedicated to Saints Vitus and Modestus (16th century)
 * Church of San Fiorino (or Floriano) from the 9th century, with the nave from the 16th century.
 * Church of San Fermo, remodeled in the 16th and 17th century.

Culture
The scütüm are, in Camunian dialect, nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The one which characterize the people of Borno are Burnàs, Bigi, Làder, maia patate.

People

 * Giovanni Battista Re, Roman Catholic cardinal

title: Borno, Lombardy


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Sotho

Sotho may refer to:

 * Sotho people (or Basotho), an African ethnic group principally resident in South Africa, Lesotho and southern Botswana
 * Sotho language (Sesotho or Southern Sotho), a Bantu language spoken in southern Africa, an official language of both South Africa and Lesotho
 * Northern Sotho language (Sesotho sa Leboa), a group of related Bantu dialects classed together as an official language of South Africa
 * Sotho–Tswana languages, the S.30 language group, a linguistic classification which groups together the related languages Sotho, Northern Sotho, Tswana, and Lozi
 * Sotho-Tswana peoples, a group of southern African ethnic groups with a common history, speakers of languages in the Sotho group
 * Lesotho, a country in southern Africa entirely surrounded by South Africa
 * Bosotho, a region in Limpopo province, also known as Sekhukhuneland, the home of the BaPedi people

title: Sotho


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Baize

Baize is a coarse woollen (or in cheaper variants cotton) cloth, similar in texture to felt, but more durable.

History
A mid-17th-century English ditty – much quoted in histories of ale and beer brewing in England – refers to 1525:

"Hops, heresies, bays, and beer; Came into England all in one year."

Heresies refers to the Protestant Reformation, while bays is the Elizabethan spelling for baize (though bay and baize eventually came to describe two similar but distinguishable types of cloth, as described below).

Applications
Baize is often used on billiard tables to cover the and, and is often used on other kinds of gaming tables (usually gambling) such as those for blackjack, baccarat, craps and other casino games. It is also found as a writing surface, particularly on 19th century pedestal desks.

The surface finish of baize is coarse, thus increasing rolling resistance and perceptibly slowing billiard balls. Baize is available with and without a perceptible nap. Snooker, in which understanding nap effects is part of the game, uses the nappy variety, while pool and carom billiards use the napless type.

For gaming use, baize is traditionally dyed green, in mimicry of a lawn (see Cue sport, "History"), though wide variety of table colours have become accepted. Bay was similar stuff to baize, but lighter in weight and with a shorter nap.

Idioms and catchphrases

 * "Let's get the boys on the baize!" has been a catchphrase of BBC TV snooker presenter Rob Walker since 2008.
 * At one time, "the green baize door" (a door to which cloth had been tacked to deaden noise) in a house separated the servants' quarters from the family's living quarters; hence the phrase's usage as a metonym for domestic service. Moving men in the children's book The Railway Children wore green baize aprons.

title: Baize


text:
John Merrick

John Merrick may refer to:

 * John Merrick (MP) (1584–1670), English politician elected Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme in the Short Parliament
 * John Merrick (ambassador) (fl. c. 1596–1621), English ambassador to Russia
 * John Merrick (architect) (1756–1829), best known for Province House in Nova Scotia, Canada
 * John Merrick (insurance) (1859–1919), African-American founder of North Carolina Mutual & Provident Insurance Company in Durham, North Carolina
 * John Merrick (golfer) (born 1982), American golfer
 * John Merrick (Buffyverse character)
 * Joseph Merrick (1862–1890), the Elephant Man; early biographies inaccurately give his first name as "John", and this name was used in the 1980 film The Elephant Man

title: John Merrick


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Category:Huron County, Michigan

Articles related to Huron County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

title: Category:Huron County, Michigan


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Botticino

Botticino (Brescian: Butisì) is a town and comune (commune or municipality) in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. The comune was created in 1928 by the union of the former comuni of Botticino Mattina and Botticino Sera, which today, together with San Gallo, are classified as the municipality's three frazioni.

Neighbouring communes are Brescia, Nave, Nuvolera, Rezzato and Serle. It lies directly northeast of Brescia. It gave its name to marmo botticino, a valuable sedimentary limestone. Botticino is also a DOC of Lombardian wine.

Notable people

 * Pio Chiaruttini (1901–1985), businessman and inventor
 * Benedetto Castelli (1578–1643), mathematician
 * Paolo Bolpagni (b. 1981), art historian, critic, and creator
 * Giovanni Paolo Maggini (c. 1580 – c.  1630), violin and cello maker

title: Botticino