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Bill (Tripping Daisy album)

Bill is the debut studio album American rock band Tripping Daisy. It was first released in November 1992 on the Dragon Street label, and then re-released on July 20, 1993 on the Island Red Label. On the re-release, the track "Green Tambourine" was removed, and the two unlisted tracks were appended to the final track.

The album had sold around 15,000 copies before it was picked up by Island. "My Umbrella" spent two weeks on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, peaking at No. 24. The album is being released on vinyl in 2023 as part of the DFW Legacy Series.

Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that "singer/lyricist Tim DeLaughter’s acrobatic vocals and guitarist Wes Berggren’s propulsive strumming lend Bill enough variety to keep it from sinking into blandlivion-but just barely."

title: Bill (Tripping Daisy album)


text:
Three pillars of the European Union

Between 1993 and 2009, the European Union (EU) legally comprised three pillars. This structure was introduced with the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993, and was eventually abandoned on 1 December 2009 upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, when the EU obtained a consolidated legal personality.
 * 1) The European Communities pillar handled economic, social and environmental policies. It comprised the European Community (EC), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC, until its expiry in 2002), and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).
 * 2) The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) pillar took care of foreign policy and military matters.
 * 3) Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (PJCCM) brought together co-operation in the fight against crime. This pillar was originally named Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)

Overview
Within each pillar, a different balance was struck between the supranational and intergovernmental principles.

Supranationalism was strongest in the first pillar. Its function generally corresponded at first to the three European Communities (European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), European Economic Community (EEC) and Euratom) whose organisational structure had already been unified in 1965–67, through the Merger Treaty. Later, through the Treaty of Maastricht the word "Economic" was removed from the EEC, so it became simply the EC. Then with the Treaty of Amsterdam additional areas would be transferred from the third pillar to the first. In 2002, the ECSC (which had a lifetime of 50 years) ceased to exist because the treaty which established it, the Treaty of Paris, had expired.

In the CFSP and PJCCM pillars the powers of the European Parliament, the Commission and European Court of Justice with respect to the Council were significantly limited, without however being altogether eliminated. The balance struck in the first pillar was frequently referred to as the "community method", since it was that used by the European Community.

European Community (EC)

 * Customs union and Single market
 * Common Agricultural Policy
 * Common Fisheries Policy
 * EU competition law
 * Economic and monetary union
 * EU citizenship
 * Education and Culture
 * Trans-European Networks
 * Consumer protection
 * Healthcare
 * Research (e.g. 7th Framework Programme)
 * Environmental law
 * Social policy
 * Asylum policy
 * Schengen treaty
 * Immigration policy

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC, until 2002)

 * Coal and steel industry

European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)

 * Nuclear power

Foreign policy

 * Human rights
 * Democracy
 * Foreign aid

Security policy

 * Common Security and Defence Policy
 * EU battle groups
 * Helsinki Headline Goal Force Catalogue
 * Peacekeeping

Pillar III: Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (Intergovernmental cooperation method)

 * Drug trafficking and weapons smuggling
 * Terrorism
 * Trafficking in human beings
 * Organised Crime
 * Bribery and fraud

1993: Origin
The pillar structure had its historical origins in the negotiations leading up to the Maastricht Treaty. It was desired to add powers to the Community in the areas of foreign policy, security and defence policy, asylum and immigration policy, criminal co-operation, and judicial co-operation.

However, some member-states opposed the addition of these powers to the Community on the grounds that they were too sensitive to national sovereignty for the community method to be used, and that these matters were better handled intergovernmentally. To the extent that at that time the Community dealt with these matters at all, they were being handled intergovernmentally, principally in European Political Cooperation (EPC).

As a result, these additional matters were not included in the European Community; but were tacked on externally to the European Community in the form of two additional 'pillars'. The first additional pillar (Common Foreign and Security Policy, CFSP) dealt with foreign policy, security and defence issues, while the second additional pillar (JHA, Justice and Home Affairs), dealt with the remainder.

1999 and 2003: Amendments
Amendments by the treaty of Amsterdam and the treaty of Nice made the additional pillars increasingly supranational. Most important among these were the transfer of policy on asylum, migration and judicial co-operation in civil matters to the Community pillar, effected by the Amsterdam treaty. Thus the third pillar was renamed Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters, or PJCCM. The term Justice and Home Affairs was still used to cover both the third pillar and the transferred areas.

2009: Abolition
In a speech before the Nice Conference, Joschka Fischer, then Foreign Minister of Germany, called for a simplification of the European Union. One of these core ideas was to abolish the pillar structure, and replace it with a merged legal personality for the Union. This idea was included in the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on 1 December 2009. With a legal personality, Union is, for instance, able to be part of international treaties. The Treaty of Lisbon also states that "the Union shall replace and succeed the European Community," with the effect that, once the Treaty entered into force, the EU obtained the membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which had belonged to the European Communities pillar.

The abolition of the "3-pillar structure" was welcomed by practitioners and academics who had long considered the 'pillar metaphor" to be unrealistic, if not absurd. The idea that one pillar could be the Communities, while the other two were merely "policies" or "cooperation" was scarcely credible.

In the Lisbon Treaty the distribution of competences in various policy areas between Member States and the Union was reorganised into the following scheme:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Three pillars of the European Union


text:
File:NES Ice Climber.png

Summary
Screenshot of Ice Climber for the NES.

Fair use in Ice Climber
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) Nintendo has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * 2) The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
 * 3) The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality.
 * 4) The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:NES Ice Climber.png


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Ockham New Zealand Book Awards

The Ockham New Zealand Book Awards are literary awards presented annually in New Zealand. The awards began in 1996 as the merger of two literary awards events: the New Zealand Book Awards, which ran from 1976 to 1995, and the Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Awards, which ran from 1968 to 1995 (known as the Montana Book Awards from 1994 to 1995).

The awards have changed name several times depending on sponsorship. From 1996 to 2009, the awards were known as the Montana New Zealand Book Awards, and sponsored by Montana Wines. From 2010 until 2014, the awards were known as the New Zealand Post Book Awards. Since 2015, the main sponsors have been property developer Ockham Residential, the Acorn Foundation, Creative New Zealand, Mary and Peter Biggs, Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand and biotech company MitoQ. The awards event is the opening event of the Auckland Writers Festival, held annually in May.

History and format
Before 1996 there were two major New Zealand literary awards events: the Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Awards (1968 to 1995, known as the Montana Book Awards from 1994 to 1995) and the New Zealand Book Awards (1976 to 1995).

The Wattie Book of the Year Award (named for Sir James Wattie) was formed in 1968, supported by the New Zealand Publishers Association and sponsored by the company Wattie's. This award was the first of its kind in New Zealand. The first recipients were John Morton and Michael Miller for The New Zealand Sea Shore. The first novel to win an award was Smith's Dream by C.K. Stead in 1972. The award became the Goodman Fielder Wattie Awards, and only had a single category covering fiction, non-fiction and other genres. In 1994 the winemaking company Montana became the sponsor and the awards were renamed to the Montana Book Awards.

The New Zealand Book Awards were set up by the New Zealand Literary Fund, a government organisation, in 1976. Annual awards were presented for literary merit in fiction, non-fiction, poetry and (later) book production.

In 1996, the two award series were amalgamated to form the Montana New Zealand Book Awards, managed by Booksellers New Zealand (a bookselling association) and offering prizes in six categories. In 2010, the New Zealand Post took over as sponsor, having supported the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults for the previous 14 years.

In 2015, Auckland property development firm Ockham Residential assumed sponsorship of the awards, and the New Zealand Book Awards Trust took over the governance and management. No prizes were presented in that year, and the awards were streamlined to discontinue the Book of the Year Award, the Booksellers' Choice Award and the People's Choice Award. Since the first Ockham New Zealand Book Awards in 2016, the ceremony has been held each year in May, as part of the Auckland Writers Festival. In 2020 the award winners were announced in a virtual presentation, after the Auckland Writers Festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

, there are five principal prizes: fiction (currently known as the Jann Medlicott Acorn Prize for Fiction), general non-fiction (sponsored by Royal Society Te Apārangi), illustrated non-fiction, poetry (currently known as the Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry) and Te Mūrau o te Tuhi Māori Language Award for books written entirely in te reo Māori. "Best First Book" prizes are awarded to first time authors in the first four categories, currently sponsored by MitoQ. Each category is judged by a panel of three judges. Winners of the Jann Medlicott Acorn Prize for Fiction receive a minimum of NZ$55,000, and is the largest cash book prize in New Zealand. The other principal prizewinners receive NZ$10,000 each, and the winners of the four MitoQ Best First Book awards receive NZ$2,500.

Fiction award
Since 2020, the top prize for fiction has been the Jann Medlicott Acorn Prize for Fiction. Between 2017 and 2019, the top prize for fiction was known as the Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize. In 2017, it was known as the Acorn Foundation Literary Award. From 1996 to 2016, it was known as the Fiction Prize.

 * 2024 – Emily Perkins, Lioness. Bloomsbury UK.
 * 2023 – Catherine Chidgey, The Axeman's Carnival. Te Herenga Waka University Press
 * 2022 – Whiti Hereaka, Kurangaituku. Huia Publishers
 * 2021 – Airini Beautrais, Bug Week & Other Stories. Victoria University Press
 * 2020 – Becky Manawatu, Auē. Mākaro Press
 * 2019 – Fiona Kidman, This Mortal Boy. Vintage, Penguin Random House
 * 2018 – Pip Adam, The New Animals. Victoria University Press
 * 2017 – Catherine Chidgey, The Wish Child. Victoria University Press
 * 2016 – Stephen Daisley, Coming Rain. Text Publishing
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Eleanor Catton, The Luminaries. Victoria University Press
 * 2013 – Kirsty Gunn, The Big Music. Faber and Faber
 * 2012 – Paula Morris, Rangatira. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2011 – Laurence Fearnley, The Hut Builder. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2010 – Alison Wong, As the Earth Turns Silver. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2009 – Emily Perkins, A Novel About My Wife. Bloomsbury
 * 2008 – Charlotte Grimshaw, Opportunity. Random House NZ
 * 2007 – Lloyd Jones, Mister Pip. Penguin
 * 2006 – Maurice Gee, Blindsight. Penguin
 * 2005 – Patricia Grace, Tu. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2004 – Annamarie Jagose, Slow Water. Victoria University Press
 * 2003 – Stephanie Johnson, The Shag Incident. Vintage Books
 * 2002 – Craig Marriner, Stonedogs. Vintage Books
 * 2001 – Lloyd Jones, The Book of Fame. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2000 – Owen Marshall, Harlequin Rex. Vintage
 * 1999 – Elizabeth Knox, The Vintner's Luck. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Maurice Gee, Live Bodies. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 1997 – Alan Duff, What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?. Vintage
 * 1996 – Sheridan Keith, Zoology: A Novel. Penguin

Best first book award (fiction)
Since 2022 and between 2015 and 2018, this award has been known as the Hubert Church Best First Book Award for Fiction. From 2019 to 2021, this award was known as the MitoQ Best First Book Awards: Hubert Church Prize for Fiction. From 1997 to 2014, this award was known as the NZSA Hubert Church Best First Book of Fiction Prize. In 1996, this award was known as the Best First Book Award, Fiction. Prior to 1996, this award had been presented since 1945 by PEN NZ, and was named for the poet, novelist and critic Hubert Church.

 * 2024 – Emma Hislop, Ruin and Other Stories. Te Herenga Waka University Press
 * 2023 – Anthony Lapwood. Home Theatre. Te Herenga Waka University Press
 * 2022 – Rebecca K Reilly, Greta & Valdin. Te Herenga Waka University Press
 * 2021 – Rachel Kerr, Victory Park. Mākaro Press
 * 2020 – Becky Manawatu, Auē. Mākaro Press
 * 2019 – Kirsten Warner, The Sound of Breaking Glass. Mākaro Press
 * 2018 – Annaleese Jochems, Baby. Victoria University Press
 * 2017 – Gina Cole, Black Ice Matter. Huia Publishers
 * 2016 – David Coventry, The Invisible Mile. Victoria University Press
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Amy Head, Tough. Victoria University Press
 * 2013 – Lawrence Patchett, I Got His Blood on Me. Victoria University Press
 * 2012 – Hamish Clayton, Wulf. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2011 – Pip Adam, Everything We Hoped for. Victoria University Press
 * 2010 – Anna Taylor, Relief. Victoria University Press
 * 2009 – Eleanor Catton, The Rehearsal. Victoria University Press
 * 2008 – Mary McCallum, The Blue. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2007 – Rachael King, The Sound of Butterflies. Black Swan
 * 2006 – Gillian Ranstead, A Red Silk Sea. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2005 – Julian Novitz, My Real Life and Other Stories. Vintage
 * 2004 – Kelly Ana Morey, Bloom. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2003 – Paula Morris Queen of Beauty. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2002 – Craig Marriner, Stonedogs. Vintage Books
 * 2001 – Karyn Hay, Emerald Budgies. Vintage Books
 * 2000 – Duncan Sarkies, Stray Thoughts And Nosebleeds. Victoria University Press
 * 1999 – William Brandt, Alpha Male. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Catherine Chidgey, In a Fishbone Church. Victoria University Press
 * 1997 – Dominic Sheehan, Finding Home. Secker & Waburg
 * 1996 – Emily Perkins, Not Her Real Name. Victoria University Press

Poetry award
Since 2020, this award has been the Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry. Before 2019, this award was known as the Poetry Award.

 * 2024 – Grace Yee, Chinese Fish Giramondo.
 * 2023 – Alice Te Punga Somerville, Always Italicise: How to Write While Colonised. Auckland University Press
 * 2022 – Joanna Preston, Tumble. Otago University Press
 * 2021 – Tusiata Avia, The Savage Coloniser Book. Victoria University Press
 * 2020 – Helen Rickerby, How to Live. Auckland University Press
 * 2019 – Helen Heath, Are Friends Electric?. Victoria University Press
 * 2018 – Elizabeth Smither, Night Horse. Auckland University Press
 * 2017 – Andrew Johnston, Fits & Starts. Victoria University Press
 * 2016 – David Eggleton, The Conch Trumpet. Otago University Press
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Vincent O'Sullivan, Us, Then. Victoria University Press
 * 2013 – Anne Kennedy, The Darling North. Auckland University Press
 * 2012 – Rhian Gallagher, Shift. Auckland University Press
 * 2011 – Kate Camp, The Mirror of Simple Annihilated Souls. Victoria University Press
 * 2010 – Brian Turner, Just This. Victoria University Press
 * 2009 – Jenny Bornholdt, The Rocky Shore. Victoria University Press
 * 2008 – Janet Charman, Cold Snack. Auckland University Press
 * 2007 – Janet Frame, The Goose Bath. Vintage
 * 2006 – Bill Manhire, Lifted. Victoria University Press
 * 2005 – Vincent O'Sullivan, Nice Morning for It, Adam. Victoria University Press
 * 2004 – Anne Kennedy, Sing-song. Auckland University Press
 * 2003 – Glenn Colquhoun, Playing God. Steele Roberts
 * 2002 – Hone Tuwhare, Piggy-back Moon. Godwit
 * 2001 – Allen Curnow, The Bells of St Babel's. Auckland University Press
 * 2000 – Elizabeth Smither, The Lark Quartet. Auckland University Press
 * 1999 – Vincent O'Sullivan, Seeing You Asked. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Hone Tuwhare, Shape-Shifter. Steele Roberts
 * 1997 – edited by Jenny Bornholdt, Gregory O'Brien and Mark Williams, An Anthology of New Zealand Poetry in English. Oxford University Press
 * 1996 – Bill Manhire, My Sunshine. Victoria University Press

Best first book award (poetry)
Since 2022 and between 2015 and 2018, this award has been known as the Jessie Mackay Best First Book Award for Poetry. Between 2019 and 2021, this award was known as the MitoQ Best First Book Awards: Jessie Mackay Prize for Poetry. From 1997 to 2014, this award was known as the NZSA Jessie Mackay Best First Book of Poetry Prize. In 1996, this award was known as the Best First Book Award, Poetry. Prior to 1996, this award had been presented since 1940 by PEN NZ, and was named for Jessie Mackay, New Zealand's first local-born poet.

 * 2024 – Megan Kitching, At the Point of Seeing. Otago University Press
 * 2023 – Khadro Mohamed, We're All Made of Lightning. Tender Press
 * 2022 – Nicole Titihuia Hawkins, Whai. We Are Babies Press
 * 2021 – Jackson Nieuwland, I Am a Human Being. Compound Press
 * 2020 – Jane Arthur, Craven. Victoria University Press
 * 2019 – Tayi Tibble, Poūkahangatus. Victoria University Press
 * 2018 – Hannah Mettner, Fully Clothed and So Forgetful. Victoria University Press
 * 2017 – Hera Lindsay Bird, Hera Lindsay Bird. Victoria University Press
 * 2016 – Chris Tse, How to be Dead in a Year of Snakes. Auckland University Press
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Marty Smith, Horse with Hat. Victoria University Press
 * 2013 – Helen Heath, Graft. Victoria University Press
 * 2012 – John Adams, Briefcase. Auckland University Press
 * 2011 – Lynn Jenner, Dear Sweet Harry. Auckland University Press
 * 2010 – Selina Tusitala Marsh, Fast Talking PI. Auckland University Press
 * 2009 – Sam Sampson, Everything Talks. Auckland University Press
 * 2008 – Jessica Le Bas, Incognito. Auckland University Press
 * 2007 – Airini Beautrais, Secret Heart. Victoria University Press
 * 2006 – Karlo Mila, Dream Fish Floating. Huia Publishers
 * 2005 – Sonja Yelich, Clung. Auckland University Press
 * 2004 – Cliff Fell, The Adulterer's Bible. Victoria University Press
 * 2003 – Kay McKenzie Cooke, Feeding the Dogs, Kay McKenzie Cooke. University of Otago Press
 * 2002 – Chris Price, Husk. Auckland University Press
 * 2001 – Stephanie de Montalk, Animals Indoors. Victoria University Press
 * 2000 – Glenn Colquhoun, The Art of Walking Upright. Steele Roberts
 * 1999 – Kate Camp, Unfamiliar Legends of the Stars. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Kapka Kassabova, All Roads Lead to the Sea. Auckland University Press
 * 1997 – Diane Brown, Before the Divorce We Go To Disneyland. Tandem Press
 * 1996 – James Brown, Go Round Power Please. Victoria University Press

General non-fiction award
Since 2020, the top prize for general non-fiction has been the General Non-Fiction Award. Between 2016 and 2019, this award was known as the Royal Society Te Apārangi Award. Between 2010 and 2015, this award was known as the General Non-Fiction Prize. Between 1998 and 2009, the top prize for non-fiction was the Montana Medal for Non-Fiction. There was no top prize for general non-fiction in 1996 or 1997.

 * 2024 – Damon Salesa, An Indigenous Ocean: Pacific Essays. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2023 – Ned Fletcher, The English Text of the Treaty of Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2022 – Vincent O'Malley, Voices from the New Zealand Wars | He Reo nō ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2021 – Vincent O'Sullivan, The Dark is Light Enough: Ralph Hotere: A Biographical Portrait. Penguin
 * 2020 – Shayne Carter, Dead People I Have Known. Victoria University Press
 * 2019 – Joanne Drayton, Hudson & Halls: The Food of Love. Otago University Press
 * 2018 – Diana Wichtel, Driving to Treblinka: A Long Search for a Lost Father. Awa Press
 * 2017 – Ashleigh Young, Can You Tolerate This? Victoria University Press
 * 2016 – Witi Ihimaera, Māori Boy: A Memoir of Childhood. Vintage
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Jill Trevelyan, Peter McLeavey: The life and times of a New Zealand art dealer. Te Papa Press
 * 2013 – Steve Braunias, Civilisation: Twenty Places on the Edge of the World. Awa Press
 * 2012 – Joan Druett, Tupaia: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Polynesian Navigator. Random House NZ
 * 2011 – Chris Bourke, Blue Smoke: The Lost Dawn of New Zealand Popular Music 1918–1964. Auckland University Press
 * 2010 – Judith Binney, Encircled Lands: Te Urewera, 1820–1921. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2009 – Jill Trevelyan, Rita Angus: An Artist's Life. Te Papa Press
 * 2008 – Janet Hunt, Wetlands of New Zealand. Random House NZ
 * 2007 – Audrey Eagle, Eagle's Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Te Papa Press
 * 2006 – Philip Simpson, Pōhutukawa & Rātā: New Zealand's Iron-hearted Trees. Te Papa Press
 * 2005 – Douglas Lloyd Jenkins, At Home: A Century of New Zealand Design. Godwit Press
 * 2004 – Anne Salmond, The Trial of the Cannibal Dog. Allen Lane / Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2003 – Michael Cooper, Wine Atlas of New Zealand. Hodder Moa Beckett
 * 2002 – Lynley Hood, A City Possessed: The Christchurch Civic Creche Case. Longacre Press
 * 2001 – Michael King, Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame. Viking Press
 * 2000 – Grahame Sydney, The Art of Grahame Sydney. Longacre Press
 * 1999 – Heather Nicholson, The Loving Stitch: A history of knitting and spinning in New Zealand. Auckland University Press
 * 1998 – Harry Orsman, Dictionary of New Zealand English: A Dictionary of New Zealandisms on Historical Principles. Oxford University Press

Best first book award (general non-fiction)
Since 2022 and between 2015 and 2018, this award has been known as the E H McCormick Best First Book Award for General Non-Fiction. Between 2019 and 2021, this award was known as the MitoQ Best First Book Awards: E H McCormick Prize for General Non-Fiction. From 1997 to 2014, this award was known as the NZSA E.H. McCormick Best First Book of Non-Fiction Prize. In 1996, this award was known as the Best First Book Award, Non-Fiction. The award is named for New Zealand historian and biographer Eric Hall McCormick.

 * 2024 – Emma Wehipeihana, There's a Cure for This. Penguin Random House
 * 2023 – Noelle McCarthy, Grand: Becoming my Mother's Daughter. Penguin Random House
 * 2022 – Dave Lowe, The Alarmist: Fifty Years Measuring Climate Change. Te Herenga Waka University Press
 * 2021 – Madison Hamill, Specimen: Personal Essays. Victoria University Press
 * 2020 – Shayne Carter, Dead People I Have Known. Victoria University Press
 * 2019 – Chessie Henry, We Can Make a Life. Victoria University Press
 * 2018 – Diana Wichtel, Driving to Treblinka: A Long Search for a Lost Father. Awa Press
 * 2017 – Adam Dudding, My Father's Island. Victoria University Press
 * 2016 – Melissa Williams, Panguru and the City, Kāinga Tahi, Kāinga Rua: An Urban Migration History. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Rebecca Macfie, Tragedy at Pike River Mine. Awa Press
 * 2013 – Quinn Berentson, Moa: The Life and Death of New Zealand's Legendary Bird. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2012 – Michael Smythe, New Zealand by Design. Random House NZ
 * 2011 – Poia Rewi, Whaikōrero: The World of Māori Oratory. Auckland University Press
 * 2010 – Pip Desmond, Trust: A True Story of Women & Gangs. Random House NZ
 * 2009 – Chris Brickell, Mates & Lovers: A History of Gay New Zealand. Godwit Press
 * 2008 – Alan Clarke, The Great Sacred Forest of Tane. Raupo Publishing
 * 2007 – William Cottrell, Furniture of the New Zealand Colonial Era: An Illustrated History 1830–1900. Reed Publishing
 * 2006 – Patrick Snedden, Pakeha and the Treaty: Why It's Our Treaty Too. Random House NZ
 * 2005 – Douglas Wright, Ghost Dance. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2004 – Deidre Brown, Tai Tokerau Whakairo Rakau: Northland Maori Wood Carving. Reed Publishing
 * 2003 – Sam Mahon, Year of the Horse. Longacre Press
 * 2002 – Steve Braunias, Fool's Paradise. Random House
 * 2001 – Paul Tapsell, Pukaki: A Comet Returns. Reed Publishing
 * 2000 – Peter Thomson, Kava in the Blood. Tandem Press
 * 1999 – Helen Schamroth, 100 New Zealand Craft Artists. Godwit Press
 * 1998 – Genevieve Noser, Olives: the New Passion. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 1997 – Jessie Munro, The Story of Suzanne Aubert. Auckland University Press/Bridget Williams Books
 * 1996 – Alex Frame, Salmond: Southern Jurist. Victoria University Press

Illustrated non-fiction award
Since 2021, this award has been known as the Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand Award for Illustrated Non-Fiction. From 2004 to 2020, this award was known as the Illustrated Non-Fiction Award. From 1996 to 2003, this award was known as the Illustrative Arts Award.

 * 2024 – Gregory O'Brien, Don Binney: Flight Path. Auckland University Press
 * 2023 – Nick Bollinger, Jumping Sundays: The Rise and Fall of the Counterculture in Aotearoa New Zealand. Auckland University Press.
 * 2022 – Claire Regnault, Dressed: Fashionable Dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910. Te Papa Press
 * 2021 – Monique Fiso, Hiakai: Modern Māori Cuisine. Godwit Press
 * 2020 – edited by Stephanie Gibson, Matariki Williams and Puawai Cairns, Protest Tautohetohe: Objects of Resistance, Persistence and Defiance. Te Papa Press
 * 2019 – Sean Mallon and Sébastien Galliot, Tatau: A History of Sāmoan Tattooing. Te Papa Press
 * 2018 – Alison Jones and Kuni Kaa Jenkins, Tuai: A Traveller in Two Worlds. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2017 – Barbara Brookes, A History of New Zealand Women. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2016 – Atholl Anderson, Judith Binney and Aroha Harris, Tangata Whenua: An Illustrated History. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2015 – no award due to change of sponsors
 * 2014 – Bruce Ansley & Jane Ussher, Coast: A New Zealand Journey. Godwit Press
 * 2013 – Gregory O'Brien & Gil Hanly, Pat Hanly. Ron Sang Publications
 * 2012 – John Dawson and Rob Lucas, New Zealand's Native Trees. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2011 – Damian Skinner, The Passing World: The Passage of Life: John Hovell and the Art of Kowhaiwhai. Rim Books
 * 2010 – Al Brown, Go Fish: Recipes and stories from the New Zealand Coast. Random House NZ
 * 2009 – Len Castle, Len Castle: Making the Molecules Dance. Lopdell House Gallery
 * 2008 – Jennifer Hay, with Ron Brownson, Chris Knox, and Laurence Aberhart; designed by Aaron Beehre, Bill Hammond: Jingle Jangle Morning. Christchurch Art Gallery
 * 2007 – Audrey Eagle, Eagles Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Te Papa Press
 * 2006 – Edited by Hannah Holm & Lara Strongman, Contemporary New Zealand Photographers. Vintage
 * 2005 – Luit Bieringa, Handboek: Ans Westra Photographs. BWX
 * 2004 – Arno Gasteiger, Central. Viking Press
 * 2003 – Nancy Pel & Len Castle, Len Castle: Potter. Ron Sang Publications
 * 2002 – Joan Whincup & Tony Whincup with Julia Parkinson (designer), Akekeia! Traditional Dance in Kiribati. Susan Barrie
 * 2001 – Edited by Ian Wedde, Ralph Hotere: Black Light. Te Papa Press & Dunedin Public Art Gallery
 * 2000 – Grahame Sydney, The Art of Grahame Sydney. Longacre Press
 * 1999 – Helen Schamroth, 100 New Zealand Craft Artists. Godwit Press
 * 1998 – Roger Blackley, Goldie. David Bateman
 * 1997 – edited by Sandy Adsett, Cliff Whiting and Witi Ihimaera, Mataora: The Living Face: Contemporary Maori Art. David Bateman
 * 1996 – Winsome Shepherd, Gold and Silversmithing in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century New Zealand. Museum of New Zealand

Best first book award (illustrated non-fiction)
Since 2022, this award has been known as the Judith Binney Prize for Illustrated Non-Fiction. Between 2019 and 2021, this award was known as the MitoQ Best First Book Awards: Judith Binney Prize for Illustrated Non-Fiction. From 2016 to 2018, this award was known as the Judith Binney Best First Book Award for Illustrated Non-Fiction. The award is named after the New Zealand historian Judith Binney.

 * 2024 – Ryan Bodman, Rugby League in New Zealand: A People's History. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2023 – Christall Lowe, Kai: Food Stories & Recipes from my Family Table. Bateman Books
 * 2022 – Bridget Hackshaw, The Architect and the Artists: Hackshaw, McCahon, Dibble. Massey University Press
 * 2021 – Monique Fiso, Hiakai: Modern Māori Cuisine. Godwit Press
 * 2020 – Chris McDowall and Tim Denee, We Are Here: An Atlas of Aotearoa. Massey University Press
 * 2019 – John Reid, Whatever it Takes: Pacific Films and John O’Shea 1948–2000. Victoria University Press
 * 2018 – Marcus Thomas and Neil Silverwood, Caves: Exploring New Zealand's Subterranean Wilderness. Whio Publishing
 * 2017 – Ngarino Ellis, A Whakapapa of Tradition: One Hundred Years of Ngāti Porou Carving, 1830–1930. Auckland University Press
 * 2016 – Richard Nunns with Allan Thomas, Te Ara Puoro: A Journey into the World of Māori Music. Potton & Burton

Māori Language Award
Books that meet the general criteria of the fiction, non-fiction and poetry awards and are written wholly and originally in te reo Māori are eligible for Te Mūrau o te Tuhi – Māori Language Award. This award is made at the discretion of a specially appointed judge. Prior to 2019, Māori language awards were presented in 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013.
 * 2024 – Tā Pou Temara, Te Rautakitahi O Tūhoe ki Ōrākau. Auckland University Press
 * 2021 – Tīmoti Kāretu, Mātāmua ko te Kupu!. Auckland University Press
 * 2019 – Tīmoti Kāretu and Wharehuia Milroy, He Kupu Tuku Iho: Ko te Reo Māori te Tatau ki te Ao. Auckland University Press
 * 2013 – Dame Kāterina Te Heikōkō Mataira, Ngā Waituhi o Rēhua. Huia Publishers
 * 2012 – Chris Winitana, Tōku Reo, Tōku Ohooho : My Language, My Inspiration. Huia Publishers
 * 2009 – Maori Language Commission, He Pātaka Kupu: Te Kai a te rangatira. Raupo Press
 * 2008 – Edited by Huriana Raven and Piripi Walker, Te Tū a Te Toka: He Ieretanga nō ngā Tai e Whā. Totika Publishers and Toi Māori Aotearoa

Book of the year
There have been a number of "book of the year" awards in the history of the awards. The New Zealand Post Book of the Year was presented between 2010 and 2014, when New Zealand Post was the sponsor of the awards ceremony. The Montana Medal for Fiction or Poetry was presented in 2008 and 2009. The Deutz Medal for Fiction or Poetry was presented between 1998 and 2007. The Book of the Year/Cultural Heritage Award was presented in 1996 and 1997.

 * 2014 – Jill Trevelyan, Peter McLeavey: The life and times of a New Zealand art dealer. Te Papa Press
 * 2013 – Kirsty Gunn, The Big Music. Faber and Faber
 * 2012 – John Dawson and Rob Lucas, New Zealand's Native Trees. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2011 – Chris Bourke, Blue Smoke: The Lost Dawn of New Zealand Popular Music 1918–1964. Auckland University Press
 * 2010 – Judith Binney, Encircled Lands: Te Urewera, 1820–1921. Bridget Williams Books
 * 2009 – Emily Perkins, A Novel About My Wife. Bloomsbury
 * 2008 – Charlotte Grimshaw, Opportunity. Random House NZ
 * 2007 – Lloyd Jones, Mister Pip. Penguin
 * 2006 – Maurice Gee, Blindsight. Penguin
 * 2005 – Patricia Grace, Tu. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2004 – Annamarie Jagose, Slow Water. Victoria University Press
 * 2003 – Stephanie Johnson, The Shag Incident. Vintage
 * 2002 – Craig Marriner, Stonedogs. Vintage Books
 * 2001 – Lloyd Jones, The Book of Fame. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2000 – Owen Marshall, Harlequin Rex. Vintage
 * 1999 – Elizabeth Knox, The Vintner's Luck. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Maurice Gee, Live Bodies. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 1997 – Jessie Munro, The Story of Suzanne Aubert. Auckland University Press/Bridget Williams Books
 * 1996 – Judith Binney, Redemption Songs – A Life of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki. Auckland University Press/Bridget Williams Books

People's choice award
The People's Choice Award was presented from 2010 to 2014. Before 2010, this award was known as the Readers' Choice Award. There were no people's choice awards in 1996 or 1997.

 * 2014 – Eleanor Catton, The Luminaries. Victoria University Press
 * 2013 – Jarrod Gilbert, Patched: The History of Gangs in New Zealand. Auckland University Press
 * 2012 – Sue Orr, From Under the Overcoat. Vintage, Random House NZ
 * 2011 – Chris Bourke, Blue Smoke: The Lost Dawn of New Zealand Popular Music 1918–1964. Auckland University Press
 * 2010 – Al Brown, Go Fish: Recipes and stories from the New Zealand Coast. Random House NZ
 * 2009 – Kate De Goldi, The 10 pm Question. Longacre Press
 * 2008 – Mary McCallum, The Blue. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2007 – Lloyd Jones, Mister Pip. Penguin
 * 2006 (joint) – Maurice Gee, Blindsight. Penguin
 * 2006 (joint) – Fiona Kidman, The Captive Wife. Vintage
 * 2005 – Julie Le Clerc and John Bougen, Made in Morocco: A Journey of Exotic Tastes and Places. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2004 – Michael King, The Penguin History of New Zealand. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2003 – Glenn Colquhoun, Playing God. Steele Roberts
 * 2002 – Lynley Hood, A City Possessed: The Christchurch Civic Creche Case. Longacre Press
 * 2001 – Michael King, Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame. Viking Press
 * 2000 – Grahame Sydney, The Art of Grahame Sydney. Longacre Press
 * 1999 – Elizabeth Knox, The Vintner's Luck. Victoria University Press
 * 1998 – Edited by Malcolm McKinnon, New Zealand Historical Atlas. David Bateman

Booksellers' choice award
The Nielsen Booksellers' Choice Award was only presented in 2013 and 2014.
 * 2014 – Harry Broad & Rob Suisted, Molesworth: Stories from New Zealand's largest high country station. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2013 – Shaun Barnett, Rob Brown & Geoff Spearpoint, Shelter from the Storm: The story of New Zealand's backcountry huts. Craig Potton Publishing

Lifetime achievement award
The A W Reed Award for Contribution to New Zealand Literature Award was presented in 2004. From 2000 to 2002 this award was known as the A W Reed Lifetime Achievement Award.
 * 2004 – Joy Cowley
 * 2002 – Maurice Shadbolt
 * 2001 – Dame Fiona Kidman
 * 2000 – Allen Curnow

History
This award ended in 2009. Before 2001, a single award was given for History and Biography.

 * 2009 – Richard Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land. Victoria University Press
 * 2008 – Hilary Mitchell & John Mitchell, Te Tau Ihu o Te Waka Volume II: Te Ara Hou – The New Society. Huia Publishers
 * 2007 – Edited by K.R. Howe, Vaka Moana: Voyages of the Ancestors. David Bateman
 * 2006 – Rosemary McLeod, Thrift to Fantasy: Home Textile Crafts of the 1930s – 1950s. Vintage
 * 2005 – Douglas Lloyd Jenkins, At Home: A Century of New Zealand Design. Godwit Press
 * 2004 – Anne Salmond, The Trial of the Cannibal Dog. Allen Lane / Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2003 – Jim McAloon, No Idle Rich: The Wealthy in Canterbury & Otago 1840 – 1914. University of Otago Press
 * 2002 – Lynley Hood, A City Possessed: The Christchurch Civic Creche Case. Longacre Press
 * 2001 – Edited by Te Miringa Hohaia, Gregory O'Brien & Lara Strongman, Parihaka: The Art of Passive Resistance. City Gallery Wellington, Trustees of Parihaka Pa & Victoria University Press
 * 2000 – Chris Maclean, Kapiti. The Whitcombe Press
 * 1998 – Harry Orsman, Dictionary of New Zealand English: A Dictionary of New Zealandisms on Historical Principles. Oxford University Press

Biography
This award ended in 2009. Before 2001, a single award was given for History and Biography.

 * 2009 – Jill Trevelyan, Rita Angus: An Artist's Life. Te Papa Press
 * 2008 – Judy Siers, The Life and Times of James Walter Chapman-Taylor. Millwood Heritage Productions Ltd
 * 2007 – Philip Norman, Douglas Lilburn: His Life and Music. Canterbury University Press
 * 2006 – Graeme Dingle, Dingle. Vintage
 * 2005 – Martin Edmond, Chronicle of the Unsung. Auckland University Press
 * 2004 – Rachel Barrowman, Mason. Victoria University Press
 * 2003 – Philip Temple, A Sort of Conscience: The Wakefields. Auckland University Press
 * 2002 – Peter Wells, Long Loop Home. Vintage
 * 2001 – Michael King, Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame. Viking Press
 * 1999 – Kevin Ireland, Under the Bridge and Over the Moon. Vintage

Environment
The Environment award ended in 2009. From 1998 to 1999, this award was titled the Environment & Heritage Award. From 1996 to 1997, this award was titled the Natural Heritage Award.

 * 2009 – edited by Ian J. Graham, A Continent on the Move: New Zealand Geoscience into the 21st Century. Geological Society of New Zealand
 * 2008 – Janet Hunt, Wetlands of New Zealand. Random House NZ
 * 2007 – George Gibbs, Ghosts of Gondwana. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2006 – Philip Simpson, Pōhutukawa & Rātā: New Zealand's Iron-hearted Trees. Vintage
 * 2005 – Anne Rimmer, Tiritiri Matangi: A Model of Conservation. Tandem Press
 * 2004 – Peter Batson, Deep New Zealand. Canterbury University Press
 * 2003 – Geoff Chapple, Te Araroa: The New Zealand Trail. Random House NZ
 * 2002 – Bob Harvey, Rolling Thunder: The Spirit of Karekare. Exisle Publishing
 * 2001 – Philip Simpson, Dancing Leaves: The Story of New Zealand's Cabbage Tree. Canterbury University Press
 * 2000 – Shaun Barnett & Rob Brown, Classic Tramping in New Zealand . Craig Potton Publishing
 * 1999 – Gerard Hutching, The Natural World of New Zealand. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 1998 – Peter Johnson, Pick of the Bunch: New Zealand Wildflowers. Longacre Press
 * 1997 – John Dawson, photography by Rob Lucas, New Zealand Coast and Mountain Plants: Their Communities and Lifestyles. Victoria University Press
 * 1996 – Neville Peat and Brian Patrick, Wild Dunedin: The Natural History of New Zealand's Wildlife Capital. Otago University Press

Lifestyle & Contemporary Culture
The Lifestyle & Contemporary Choice award ended in 2009. From 2000 to 2001, this award was the Lifestyle Award. From 1998 to 1999, this award was the Lives & Lifestyle Award. From 1996 to 1997, this award was the Leisure & Lifestyle Award.

 * 2009 – Alexa Johnston. Ladies, A Plate: Traditional Home Baking. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2008 – Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, Mau Moko: The World of Maori Tattoo. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2007 – Ann Packer, Stitch: Contemporary New Zealand Textile Artists. Random House
 * 2006 – Justin Paton, How to Look at a Painting. Vintage
 * 2005 – Gareth Shute, Hip Hop Music in Aotearoa. Reed Publishing
 * 2004 – John Kent & David Hallett, Classic Fly Fishing. Craig Potton Publishing
 * 2003 – Michael Cooper, Wine Atlas of New Zealand. Hodder Moa Beckett
 * 2002 – Lynnsay Rongokea & John Dalley (photographer), The Art of Tivaevae: Traditional Cook Islands Quilting. Godwit
 * 2001 – Julie Biuso & Ian Batchelor (photographer), Fresh. New Holland Publishers
 * 2000 – Yvonne Cave & Valda Paddison, The Gardener's Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Native Plants. Godwit Press
 * 1999 — Heather Nicholson, The Loving Stitch: A History of Knitting and Spinning in New Zealand. Auckland University Press
 * 1998 – Geoff Thomas, The Complete New Zealand Fisherman. David Bateman
 * 1997 – Michael Cooper, photography by John McDermott, The Wines and Vineyards of New Zealand. Hodder Moa Beckett
 * 1996 – Michael Lee-Richards, Cook!. Reed

Reference and Anthology
The Reference and Anthology award was presented between 2002 and 2009.

 * 2009 – C.K. Stead, Collected Poems 1951–2006. Auckland University Press
 * 2008 – Gregory O'Brien, A Nest of Singing Birds: 100 Years of the New Zealand School Journal. Learning Media Ltd.
 * 2007 – William Cottrell, Furniture of the New Zealand Colonial Era: An Illustrated History 1830–1900. Reed Publishing
 * 2006 – Edited by Damien Wilkins, Great Sporting Moments: The best of Sport magazine 1988 – 2004. Victoria University Press
 * 2005 – Edited by Tony Deverson & Graeme Kennedy, The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press
 * 2004 – Edited by Albert Wendt, Reina Whaitiri & Robert Sullivan, Whetu Moana. Auckland University Press
 * 2003 – Edited by Paul Morris, Harry Ricketts & Mike Grimshaw, Spirit in a Strange Land: A Selection of New Zealand Spiritual Verse. Godwit Press
 * 2002 – Hirini Moko Mead & Neil Grove, Nga Pepeha a Nga Tipuna: The Sayings of the Ancestors. Victoria University Press

Fiction runner up
An award for the runner-up(s) in the Fiction category was presented from 2000 to 2009.

 * 2009 (joint) – Kate De Goldi, The 10 pm Question. Longacre Press
 * 2009 (joint) –Bernard Beckett, Acid Song. Longacre Press
 * 2008 – Laurence Fearnley, Edwin & Matilda. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2007 (joint) – Damien Wilkins, The Fainter. Victoria University Press
 * 2007 (joint) – Nigel Cox, The Cowboy Dog. Victoria University Press
 * 2006 (joint) – Fiona Kidman, The Captive Wife. Vintage
 * 2006 (joint) – Nigel Cox, Responsibility. Victoria University Press
 * 2005 (joint) – C K Stead, Mansfield. Vintage Books
 * 2005 (joint) – Nigel Cox, Tarzan Presley. Victoria University Press
 * 2004 (joint) – Maurice Gee, The Scornful Moon. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2004 (joint) – Peter Wells, Iridescence. Vintage Books
 * 2003 (joint) – Fiona Farrell, The Hopeful Traveller. Vintage Books
 * 2003 (joint) – Owen Marshall, When Gravity Snaps. Vintage Books
 * 2002 (joint) – Elizabeth Knox, Billie's Kiss. Victoria University Press
 * 2002 (joint) – Lloyd Jones, Here at the End of the World We Learn To Dance. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2001 (joint) – Charlotte Randall, The Curative. Penguin Group (NZ)
 * 2001 (joint) – Damien Wilkins, Nineteen Widows Under Ash. Victoria University Press
 * 2000 (joint) – Catherine Chidgey, Golden Deeds. Victoria University Press
 * 2000 (joint) – C.K. Stead, Talking About O'Dwyer. Penguin Group (NZ)

Honour Award

 * 2002 – Te Onehou Phillis, Eruera Manuera. Huia Publishers
 * 1997 (fiction) – Maurice Shadbolt, Dove on the Waters. David Ling
 * 1997 (poetry) – J. C. Sturm, Dedications. Steele Roberts
 * 1996 – Pei Te Hurinui Jones, translated by Bruce Biggs, Nga Iwi o Tainui: The Traditional History of the Tainui People – Nga Koorero Tuku o Nga Tuupuna. Auckland University Press

BPANZ Review Page or Programme Award
This award ended in 2009. Before 2006, this award was known as the Review Pages/Section of the Year Award.

 * 2009 – New Zealand Listener
 * 2008 – New Zealand Listener
 * 2007 – New Zealand Listener
 * 2006 – Dominion Post
 * 2005 – North & South
 * 2004 – New Zealand Listener
 * 2003 – New Zealand Listener
 * 2002 – North & South
 * 2001 – The Evening Post
 * 2000 – The Evening Post
 * 1999 – Landfall
 * 1998 – The Evening Post

BPANZ Reviewer of the Year Award
This award ended in 2009. Before 2006, this award was known as the Reviewer of the Year.

 * 2009 – David Eggleton
 * 2008 – Charlotte Grimshaw
 * 2007 – David Eggleton
 * 2006 – Jolisa Gracewood
 * 2005 – Tony Simpson
 * 2004 – Michael King
 * 2003 – David Eggleton
 * 2002 – Jane Hurley
 * 2001 – David Eggleton
 * 2000 – Michael King
 * 1999 – Iain Sharp
 * 1998 – Graeme Lay

title: Ockham New Zealand Book Awards


text:
File:NES Kirbys Adventure.png

Description
Screenshot of Kirby preparing to defeat an enemy in Kirby's Adventure for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

Fair use in Kirby's Adventure
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:

 * 1) HAL Laboratory, Inc. has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * 2) The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
 * 3) The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:NES Kirbys Adventure.png


text: File:NES Mega Man.png

title: File:NES Mega Man.png


text: File:NES Metroid.png

title: File:NES Metroid.png


text:
Erie Otters

The Erie Otters are a major junior ice hockey team based in Erie, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Midwest division of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), one of only three American teams in the league. The team's name refers to the North American river otter common to Lake Erie. The Otters have won the J. Ross Robertson Cup twice as OHL champions, in 2002 and 2017.

History
The Erie Otters were previously located in Niagara Falls, Ontario, known as the Niagara Falls Thunder. They moved to Erie Insurance Arena for the 1996–97 season. After three seasons, they won the Holody Trophy as Midwest Division champions 1999. It was their first of three consecutive Midwest Division championships, culminating in a J. Ross Robertson Cup in the 2001–02 season. Dave MacQueen won the Matt Leyden Trophy in 2000–01 as the OHL Coach of the Year. General manager Sherwood Bassin was awarded OHL Executive of the Year, and the CHL Executive of the Year for his role in building a championship team.

The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine partnered with the Otters in 2012, as their medical provider.

Connor McDavid played for the Otters from the 2012–13 OHL season to the 2014–15 OHL season. Hockey Canada granted McDavid "exceptional player" status, which permitted him to play in the OHL a year earlier than would otherwise be permissible for a player his age. The Otters chose the 15-year-old McDavid as their first overall pick in the 2012 draft. He led the team to the J. Ross Robertson Cup championship finals, where the Otters fell to the Oshawa Generals.

On March 18, 2017, the Otters became the first team in Canadian Hockey League history to record four consecutive 50-win seasons (2013–2017). The Otters had previously shared the record of three consecutive 50-win seasons with the Kelowna Rockets (2012–2015), Edmonton Oil Kings (2011–2014), Saint John Sea Dogs (2009–2012) and the Kamloops Blazers (1989–1992).

On May 22, 2017, the Otters set a Memorial Cup record for most goals by one team in a single game by defeating the Saint John Sea Dogs with a final score of 12–5, surpassing the previous record of 11 goals set by the Quebec Remparts (1974, 11–3) and Regina Pats (1980, 11–2). Dylan Strome set an individual record of 7 points in a single game (4 goals, 3 assists). Taylor Raddysh also tied the previous record of 6 points (2 goals, 4 assists) in the same game.

On January 17, 2022, the Erie Otters hosted their inaugural Martin Luther King Jr. Day game. The team made history when University of Pittsburgh student Alex Randall broadcast the television feed of the game as the first African American play-by-play announcer in the Ontario Hockey League or the Canadian Hockey League. This continued on January 16, 2023 when Arizona State University student Trey Matthews broadcast the television feed of the game as the second African-American play-by-play announcer. The Erie Otters used a Black History Month inspired logo and warm-up jersey on Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2023.

On January 26, 2023, Stan Butler was announced as the 10th head coach in the team's history. The Otters lost by a 5–1 score to the London Knights in Butler's first game as coach.

Uniforms and logos
From their first season until the end of the 2016–17 season, the Erie Otters' colors were navy blue, gold, red, and white. Their primary logo featured a circular outline with a fierce, anthropomorphic otter furnishing a hockey stick and gear. The "Otters" wordmark is superimposed over the design in red with a gold and navy blue outline. The team's home uniform included a navy blue sweater with red and gold accents. The away uniforms featured a white jersey with navy blue and red trim.

For the 2013–14 season, the Erie Otters introduced a gold alternate jersey. This jersey features a navy blue shoulder yoke, navy blue and white stripes, and the cursive "Otters" wordmark centered across the chest. The design resembles the sweaters of the defunct Erie Blades, who played from 1975 to 1982. In 2016, the Erie Otters began wearing the gold alternate jerseys for every Saturday home game throughout the regular season and also introduced gold helmets to the uniform set, rather than the blue helmets worn with the gold jersey in previous seasons.

For the 2017–18 season, the Erie Otters announced that the secondary cursive "Otters" watermark has become their new primary logo and the team is making a full-time switch to a gold, navy, and white color set. With this change, the alternate gold jerseys have become the new primary home set, and a newly introduced white jersey (in the same style as the gold) has become the new away set.

On May 20, 2019, the Otters updated an older Otters logo with the new color pattern of navy blue and gold as part of the center emblem, a shoulder patch with a more modern look, and the Erie name inside of the Pennsylvania keystone symbol.

Arena
The Erie Otters play their home games at Erie Insurance Arena, which opened in 1983, and seats more than 6,700 spectators for ice hockey.

Championships
List of championships:

Coaches
List of coaches:

 * indicates replacement mid-season.

Award winners
List of award winners:

General managers
List of general managers with multiple seasons in parentheses.

 * 1998–2015 – Sherwood Bassin (17)
 * 2015–present – Dave Brown (8)

Award winners
List of award winners:

NHL alumni
List of National Hockey League (NHL) alumni:

 * Nikita Alexeev
 * Brady Austin
 * Nick Baptiste
 * Adam Berti
 * Michael Blunden
 * Brad Boyes
 * Chris Breen
 * David Broll
 * Connor Brown
 * Andre Burakovsky
 * Chris Campoli
 * Erik Cernak
 * Anthony Cirelli
 * Carlo Colaiacovo
 * Tim Connolly
 * Oscar Dansk
 * Alex DeBrincat
 * Travis Dermott
 * Jamie Drysdale
 * Remi Elie
 * Warren Foegele
 * Brendan Gaunce
 * Luke Gazdic
 * Justin Hodgman
 * Hayden Hodgson
 * Mike Liambas
 * Brett MacLean
 * Kurtis MacDermid
 * Mason Marchment
 * Connor McDavid
 * Greg McKegg
 * Steve Montador
 * Adam Munro
 * Jordan Nolan
 * Ryan O'Marra
 * Ryan O'Reilly
 * Nick Palmieri
 * Jeff Paul
 * Adam Pelech
 * Anthony Peluso
 * Geoff Platt
 * Darren Raddysh
 * Taylor Raddysh
 * Michael Rupp
 * Dylan Strome
 * Stephen Valiquette
 * Phil Varone
 * Jason Ward
 * Jeff Zehr

NHL first round draft picks
Connor McDavid is the first player with Erie ties to be selected first overall in a major professional sports league’s draft. In his case, it was by the Edmonton Oilers in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft on June 26, 2015.

List of first round NHL draft picks:

Retired numbers

 * Brad Boyes (#16)
 * Vince Scott (#18)

Season-by-season results
List of season-by-season results:

Regular season
Legend: OTL - Overtime Loss, SL - Shootout Loss, PTS - Points, GF - Goals For, GA - Goals Against, GD - Goal Differential

Playoffs
List of playoffs results:

Memorial Cup
List of Memorial Cup results:

title: Erie Otters


text: File:NES Super Mario Bros.png

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Wikipedia:Archived articles for deletion discussions/September 2004

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File:NES Ultima 4.png

Summary
screenshot Nintendo Entertainment System Ultima IV.

title: File:NES Ultima 4.png


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Podcast

A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet. For example, an episodic series of digital audio files that users can download to a personal device to listen to at a time of their choosing. Podcasts are primarily an audio medium, but some distribute in video, either as their primary content or as a supplement to audio; popularised in recent years by video platform YouTube.

A podcast series usually features one or more recurring hosts engaged in a discussion about a particular topic or current event. Discussion and content within a podcast can range from carefully scripted to completely improvised. Podcasts combine elaborate and artistic sound production with thematic concerns ranging from scientific research to slice-of-life journalism. Many podcast series provide an associated website with links and show notes, guest biographies, transcripts, additional resources, commentary, and occasionally a community forum dedicated to discussing the show's content.

The cost to the consumer is low, and many podcasts are free to download. Some podcasts are underwritten by corporations or sponsored, with the inclusion of commercial advertisements. In other cases, a podcast could be a business venture supported by some combination of a paid subscription model, advertising or product delivered after sale. Because podcast content is often free, podcasting is often classified as a disruptive medium, adverse to the maintenance of traditional revenue models.

Podcasting is the preparation and distribution of audio or video files using RSS feeds to the devices of subscribed users. A podcaster normally buys this service from a podcast hosting company such as SoundCloud or Libsyn. Hosting companies then distribute these media files to podcast directories and streaming services, such as Apple and Spotify, which users can listen to on their smartphones or digital music and multimedia players.

, there are at least 3,369,942 podcasts and 199,483,500 episodes.

Etymology
"Podcast" is a portmanteau of "iPod" and "broadcast". The earliest use of "podcasting" was traced to The Guardian columnist and BBC journalist Ben Hammersley, who coined it in early February 2004 while writing an article for The Guardian newspaper. The term was first used in the audioblogging community in September 2004, when Danny Gregoire introduced it in a message to the iPodder-dev mailing list, from where it was adopted by podcaster Adam Curry. Despite the etymology, the content can be accessed using any computer or similar device that can play media files. The term "podcast" predates Apple's addition of podcasting features to the iPod and the iTunes software.

History
In September 2000, early MP3 player manufacturer i2Go offered a service called MyAudio2Go.com which allowed users to download news stories for listening on a PC or MP3 player. The service was available for about a year until i2Go's demise in 2001.

In October 2000, the concept of attaching sound and video files in RSS feeds was proposed in a draft by Tristan Louis. The idea was implemented by Dave Winer, a software developer and an author of the RSS format.

Podcasting, once an obscure method of spreading audio information, has become a recognized medium for distributing audio content, whether for corporate or personal use. Podcasts are similar to radio programs in form, but they exist as audio files that can be played at a listener's convenience, anytime and anywhere.

The first application to make this process feasible was iPodderX, developed by August Trometer and Ray Slakinski. By 2007, audio podcasts were doing what was historically accomplished via radio broadcasts, which had been the source of radio talk shows and news programs since the 1930s. This shift occurred as a result of the evolution of internet capabilities along with increased consumer access to cheaper hardware and software for audio recording and editing.

In August 2004, Adam Curry launched his show Daily Source Code. It was a show focused on chronicling his everyday life, delivering news, and discussions about the development of podcasting, as well as promoting new and emerging podcasts. Curry published it in an attempt to gain traction in the development of what would come to be known as podcasting and as a means of testing the software outside of a lab setting. The name Daily Source Code was chosen in the hope that it would attract an audience with an interest in technology. Daily Source Code started at a grassroots level of production and was initially directed at podcast developers. As its audience became interested in the format, these developers were inspired to create and produce their own projects and, as a result, they improved the code used to create podcasts. As more people learned how easy it was to produce podcasts, a community of pioneer podcasters quickly appeared.

In June 2005, Apple released iTunes 4.9, which added formal support for podcasts, thus negating the need to use a separate program in order to download and transfer them to a mobile device. Although this made access to podcasts more convenient and widespread, it also effectively ended advancement of podcatchers by independent developers. Additionally, Apple issued cease and desist orders to many podcast application developers and service providers for using the term "iPod" or "Pod" in their products' names.

As of early 2019, the podcasting industry still generated little overall revenue, although the number of persons who listen to podcasts continues to grow steadily. Edison Research, which issues the Podcast Consumer quarterly tracking report estimated that 90 million persons in the U.S. had listened to a podcast in January 2019. As of 2020, 58% of the population of South Korea and 40% of the Spanish population had listened to a podcast in the last month. 12.5% of the UK population had listened to a podcast in the last week and 22% of the United States population listens to at least one podcast weekly. The form is also acclaimed for its low overhead for a creator to start and maintain their show, merely requiring a microphone, a computer or mobile device, and associated software to edit and upload the final product. Some form of acoustic quieting is also often utilised. Podcast creators tend to have a good listener base because of their relationships with the listeners.

Trademark applications
Between February March 10 and 25, 2005, Shae Spencer Management, LLC of Fairport, New York filed a trademark application to register the term "podcast" for an "online prerecorded radio program over the internet". On September 9, 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) rejected the application, citing Wikipedia's podcast entry as describing the history of the term. The company amended their application in March 2006, but the USPTO rejected the amended application as not sufficiently differentiated from the original. In November 2006, the application was marked as abandoned.

Apple trademark protections
On September 26, 2004, it was reported that Apple Inc. had started to crack down on businesses using the string "POD", in product and company names. Apple sent a cease and desist letter that week to Podcast Ready, Inc., which markets an application known as "myPodder". Lawyers for Apple contended that the term "pod" has been used by the public to refer to Apple's music player so extensively that it falls under Apple's trademark cover. Such activity was speculated to be part of a bigger campaign for Apple to expand the scope of its existing iPod trademark, which included trademarking "IPOD", "IPODCAST", and "POD". On November 16, 2006, the Apple Trademark Department stated that "Apple does not object to third-party usage of the generic term 'podcast' to accurately refer to podcasting services" and that "Apple does not license the term". However, no statement was made as to whether or not Apple believed they held rights to it.

Personal Audio lawsuits
Personal Audio, a company referred to as a "patent troll" by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), filed a patent on podcasting in 2009 for a claimed invention in 1996. In February 2013, Personal Audio started suing high-profile podcasters for royalties, including The Adam Carolla Show and the HowStuffWorks podcast. In October 2013, the EFF filed a petition with the US Trademark Office to invalidate the Personal Audio patent. On August 18, 2014, the EFF announced that Adam Carolla had settled with Personal Audio. Finally, on April 10, 2015, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office invalidated five provisions of Personal Audio's podcasting patent.

Production and listening

A podcast generator maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that one can access through the Internet. The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcast client, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series. This process can be automated to download new files automatically, so it may seem to listeners as though podcasters broadcast or "push" new episodes to them. Podcast files can be stored locally on the user's device, or streamed directly. There are several different mobile applications that allow people to follow and listen to podcasts. Many of these applications allow users to download podcasts or stream them on demand. Most podcast players or applications allow listeners to skip around the podcast and to control the playback speed. Much podcast listening occurs during commuting; because of restrictions on travel during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of unique listeners in the US decreased by 15% in the last three weeks of March 2020..

Podcasting has been considered a converged medium (a medium that brings together audio, the web and portable media players), as well as a disruptive technology that has caused some individuals in radio broadcasting to reconsider established practices and preconceptions about audiences, consumption, production and distribution.

Podcasts can be produced at little to no cost and are usually disseminated free-of-charge, which sets this medium apart from the traditional 20th-century model of "gate-kept" media and their production tools. Podcasters can, however, still monetize their podcasts by allowing companies to purchase ad time. They can also garner support from listeners through crowdfunding websites like Patreon, which provide special extras and content to listeners for a fee.

Types of podcasts
Podcasts vary in style, format, and topical content. Podcasts are partially patterned on previous media genres but depart from them systematically in certain computationally observable stylistic respects. The conventions and constraints which govern that variation are emerging and vary over time and markets; podcast listeners have various preferences of styles but conventions to address them and communicate about them are still unformed. Some current examples of types of podcasts are given below. This list is likely to change as new types of content, new technology to consume podcasts, and new use cases emerge.

Enhanced podcasts
An enhanced podcast, also known as a slidecast, is a type of podcast that combines audio with a slide show presentation. It is similar to a video podcast in that it combines dynamically generated imagery with audio synchronization, but it is different in that it uses presentation software to create the imagery and the sequence of display separately from the time of the original audio podcast recording. The Free Dictionary, YourDictionary, and PC Magazine define an enhanced podcast as "an electronic slide show delivered as a podcast". Enhanced podcasts are podcasts that incorporate graphics and chapters. iTunes developed an enhanced podcast feature called "Audio Hyperlinking" that they patented in 2012. Enhanced podcasts can be used by businesses or in education. Enhanced podcasts can be created using QuickTime AAC or Windows Media files. Enhanced podcasts were first used in 2006.

Fiction podcast
A fiction podcast (also referred to as a "scripted podcast" or "audio drama") is similar to a radio drama, but in podcast form. They deliver a fictional story, usually told over multiple episodes and seasons, using multiple voice actors, dialogue, sound effects, and music to enrich the story. Fiction podcasts have attracted a number of well-known actors as voice talents, including Demi Moore and Matthew McConaughey as well as from content producers like Netflix, Spotify, Marvel Comics, and DC Comics. Unlike other genres, downloads of fiction podcasts increased by 19% early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Podcast novels
A podcast novel (also known as a "serialized audiobook" or "podcast audiobook") is a literary form that combines the concepts of a podcast and an audiobook. Like a traditional novel, a podcast novel is a work of literary fiction; however, it is recorded into episodes that are delivered online over a period of time. The episodes may be delivered automatically via RSS or through a website, blog, or other syndication method. Episodes can be released on a regular schedule, e.g., once a week, or irregularly as each episode is completed. In the same manner as audiobooks, some podcast novels are elaborately narrated with sound effects and separate voice actors for each character, similar to a radio play or scripted podcast, but many have a single narrator and few or no sound effects.

Some podcast novelists give away a free podcast version of their book as a form of promotion. On occasion such novelists have secured publishing contracts to have their novels printed. Podcast novelists have commented that podcasting their novels lets them build audiences even if they cannot get a publisher to buy their books. These audiences then make it easier to secure a printing deal with a publisher at a later date. These podcast novelists also claim the exposure that releasing a free podcast gains them makes up for the fact that they are giving away their work for free.

Video podcasts

A video podcast is a podcast that features video content. Web television series are often distributed as video podcasts. Dead End Days, a serialized dark comedy about zombies released from October 31, 2003, through 2004, is commonly believed to be the first video podcast.

Live podcasts
A number of podcasts are recorded either in total or for specific episodes in front of a live audience. Ticket sales allow the podcasters an additional way of monetizing. Some podcasts create specific live shows to tour which are not necessarily included on the podcast feed. Events including the London Podcast Festival, SF Sketchfest and others regularly give a platform for podcasters to perform live to audiences.

Software
Podcast episodes are widely stored and encoded in the mp3 digital audio format and then hosted on dedicated or shared webserver space. Syndication of podcasts' episodes across various websites and platforms is based on RSS feeds, an XML-formatted file citing information about the episode and the podcast itself.

Hardware
The most basic equipment for a podcast is a computer and a microphone. It is helpful to have a sound-proof room and headphones. The computer should have a recording or streaming application installed. Typical microphones for podcasting are connected using USB. If the podcast involves two or more people, each person requires a microphone, and a USB audio interface is needed to mix them together. If the podcast includes video (livestreaming), then a separate webcam might be needed, and additional lighting.

title: Podcast


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Veronica Taylor

Kathleen Charlotte McInerney, also known by her stage name Veronica Taylor, is an American voice actress known for her dubbing work in English-language adaptations of Japanese anime, in particular for voicing Ash Ketchum and his mother Delia in the Pokémon anime for its first eight seasons. Other voices she has done include Amelia Wil Tesla Seyruun from Slayers, Sailor Pluto from Sailor Moon and Sailor Moon Crystal, Nico Robin in the 4Kids dub of One Piece, April O'Neil in the 2003 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series and has voiced video game characters like Cosmos from Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy, Dissidia Final Fantasy, and Dissidia Final Fantasy NT. Additionally, using her real name, she is a narrator for various audio books, such as the Omen of the Stars arc from the Warriors series.

Early life
Taylor wanted to act professionally since she was in her first play when she was five. She studied acting at The Catholic University of America and Brandeis University. She worked as a teacher at Pigeon Forge High School for a year while starting her voice-acting career.

Career
Taylor was featured in numerous plays and toured with National Players under the leadership of William H. Graham, the chairman of Catholic U's Drama Department, and other stage companies in the Washington, D.C. area and other cities all around the United States for a few years before settling in New York. Her other roles include Ash Ketchum, his mother Delia, and May in the 4Kids dub of the Pokémon anime series, April O'Neil from the 2003 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series, Amelia Wil Tesla Seyruun in the Slayers TV series, voice of Mangchi in the English dub of Hammerboy, the voice of Nico Robin in the 4Kids dub of One Piece, and the voice of Sailor Pluto in the Viz Media dub of Sailor Moon and Sailor Moon Crystal. Taylor said voicing Ash Ketchum was her "the greatest responsibility of my life" and "one that changed the trajectory of how I want to be in the world."

Taylor has also narrated audio books written by Judy Blume, Wendy Mass, Danielle Steel, Linda Castillo, Russell Ginns, Louise Erdrich, and Mary Kay Andrews among others. She has also narrated for Gayle Foreman.

Personal life
Taylor has one daughter, Rena, born in 1998. After living in New York City, New York, she relocated to Los Angeles, California in 2015.

Taylor has developed strong ties to the Washington, D.C. area and to Boston: playing women's soccer for the Catholic University Cardinals; and being a Commanders, Capitals and Red Sox fan. (She lived in the same Arlington neighborhood as legendary wide receiver Art Monk.) Both of her parents attended Catholic University and toured with National Players as well.

title: Veronica Taylor


text:
Conor Lenihan

Conor Lenihan (born 3 March 1963) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as a Minister of State from 2004 to 2011. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-West constituency from 1997 to 2011.

From 2011 to 2015, he was a vice-president of the Skolkovo Foundation, the coordination body for a planned high-tech innovation centre on the edge of Moscow, where he worked on international partnership development.

Early and personal life
Lenihan was born in Dublin in 1963. He lived in Athlone until he was 11 years of age. He was educated at Belvedere College, University College Dublin (where he was chair of the Kevin Barry Cumann of Ógra Fianna Fáil), Dublin City University and the INSEAD.

Lenihan began his working life as a newspaper journalist working in the 1980s in the House of Commons in London, where he was a political correspondent for the Irish News. While in London he was also a member of the European Commission's Speakers Panel.

In the 1990s, he went into broadcast journalism working with the Dublin radio station 98FM. Lenihan also worked as a senior executive with O2, an Irish-owned mobile operator, and subsequently worked as an advisor for the company.

Lenihan is the son of former Tánaiste, TD and Minister Brian Lenihan. His grandfather, Patrick Lenihan, also served in the Oireachtas. His aunt, Mary O'Rourke, is a former TD, Senator and Minister, while his brother, Brian Lenihan Jnr was a TD and Minister for Finance from 2008 to 2011 during the Irish economic downturn.

Lenihan was diagnosed with a benign tumour in 2007.

Lenihan was also the editor of The Nation, the official publication of the Fianna Fáil party.

Political career
Lenihan was first elected to the Dáil at the 1997 general election.

In a reshuffle in October 2004, he was appointed by Bertie Ahern as Minister of State at the Department of Foreign Affairs with special responsibility for Overseas Development and Human Rights. Lenihan restructured Ireland's international aid programme, creating Irish Aid, the Irish Government's programme of assistance to developing countries. Through Irish Aid, Lenihan administered a budget of almost a billion euros which is used to help developing nations thus continuing Ireland's tradition of reaching out to other post-colonial nations.

In June 2007, when a new coalition government was formed by Ahern after the election, he was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, at the Department of Education and Science, and at the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform, with responsibility for integration policy. He led a government initiative to deal with large volume immigration into Ireland which culminated with the publication of a new policy statement "Migration Nation". He was reappointed in this role when Brian Cowen succeeded as Taoiseach in May 2008.

In a reshuffle in April 2009, he was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, at the Department of Education and Science and at the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, with special responsibility for Science, Technology, Innovation and Natural Resources. He created a single budget line for science and technology funding as well as participating in the country's Innovation Task Force. As part of his role in the ministry he participated in trade and investment missions, frequently presenting to top global companies who already invest in Ireland or were about to do so. He was a member of the Cabinet Sub-Committee on Economic Recovery.

He lost his seat at the 2011 general election, with his first preference vote declining from 20.5% in 2007 to just 5%. He placed eighth in the poll and was eliminated on the fourth count.

In October 2018, Lenihan announced his intention to seek the Fianna Fáil nomination for the Dublin constituency in the 2019 European Parliament elections. At the party candidate selection meeting in February 2019 Lenihan placed fourth out of four candidates with 108 votes of the 838 ballots cast.

Attitude to immigrants
Lenihan was involved in some controversy on 18 May 2005, when off-microphone he told opposition TD Joe Higgins of the Socialist Party that he should "stick to [helping] the kebabs", a reference to the Turkish workers who were making a legal challenge against their employer, GAMA. Lenihan apologised in the Dáil for the remarks.

In 2007, he banned Gardaí and Garda reserves from wearing the Sikh turban, saying "if we are to take integration seriously, people who come here must understand our way of doing things. When the President and Ministers travel to the Middle East, they accept cultural requirements of the country and the culture in which they are operating. It is a vice-versa situation with regard to Ireland".

The Origin of Specious Nonsense
In September 2010, Lenihan attracted controversy when it emerged that he was to attend the launch of The Origin of Specious Nonsense, an anti-evolution book by John J. May. PZ Myers, on his Pharyngula blog, expressed shock that a Minister of State with special responsibility for Science would lend support to such a book. Lenihan claimed that he was "not launching the book as Minister for Science but rather as a TD because May is a constituent of his". In the wake of this controversy, May asked Lenihan not to launch the book "because I am so embarrassed that the Minister for Science has been so insulted" and "eviscerated" on a political website.

Tonight with Vincent Browne
While appearing in March 2011 on Tonight with Vincent Browne on television, presenter Vincent Browne asked if there was "a happy coincidence" between matters of national importance and what Lenihan was personally interested in, leading to what The Irish Times described as "some on-air rage".

Post-political career
In July 2011, Lenihan joined Skolkovo Foundation, a planned scientific and innovation center outside Moscow, Russia. In August 2012, Lenihan joined the board of San Leon Energy, an oil and gas explorer with concessions in Poland, Albania, Morocco and Ireland. He remarried in Moscow in 2013.

title: Conor Lenihan


text:
Greek salad

Greek salad or horiatiki salad (χωριάτικη σαλάτα or θερινή σαλάτα) is a popular salad in Greek cuisine generally made with pieces of tomatoes, cucumbers, onion, feta cheese (usually served as a slice on top of the other ingredients), and olives (typically Kalamata olives) and dressed with salt, Greek oregano, lemon juice and olive oil. Common additions include green bell pepper slices or caper berries (especially on the Dodecanese islands). Greek salad is often imagined as a farmer's breakfast or lunch, as its ingredients resemble those that a Greek farmer might have on hand.

Outside Greece
Outside Greece, "Greek salad" may be a lettuce salad with Greek-inspired ingredients, even though the original dish is distinguished by the absence of lettuce. Meanwhile, the variant without lettuce may be called horiatiki, 'peasant salad', or 'village salad'.

However in most European countries, including the UK, the dish broadly resembles the original, albeit often with non-Greek substitutions such as another cheese since feta cheese enjoys protected designation of origin status.

In an American-style Greek salad, lettuce, tomatoes, feta (often served in multiple cube-shaped cuttings mixed with the vegetables), and olives are the most standard elements, but cucumbers, peperoncini (pickled hot peppers), bell peppers, onions, radishes, dolmades, and anchovies/sardines are common. Regional variants may include unusual components, e.g. in Detroit, beets, and in the Tampa Bay Area, potato salad. Dressings containing various herbs and seasonings are frequently used in the U.S. These styles of Greek salad are rarely encountered in Greece.

Various other salads have also been called "Greek" in the English language in the last century, including some with no apparent connection to Greek cuisine. A 1925 Australian newspaper described a Greek salad of boiled squash dressed with sour milk; a 1934 American newspaper described a mayonnaise-dressed lettuce salad with shredded cabbage and carrots.

Other salads in Greece and Cyprus

There are many other salads in Greek cuisine. These include:

 * marouli (μαρούλι; a salad with lettuce, onion and dill)
 * lahanosalata (λαχανοσαλάτα; a shredded fresh cabbage salad dressed with olive oil, lemon juice, and garlic)
 * pantzarosalata (παντζαροσαλάτα; boiled and sliced beetroots, sometimes with beet greens as well, dressed with olive oil and red wine vinegar)
 * salata roka (σαλάτα ρόκα; rocket (arugula) dressed with olive oil and red wine vinegar or lemon juice, possibly including anchovies)
 * patatosalata (πατατοσαλάτα; a potato salad with olive oil, finely sliced onions, lemon juice or vinegar)
 * revithosalata (ρεβιθοσαλάτα; a chickpea salad)
 * maintanouri (μαϊντανούρι; a parsley salad usually used as a condiment)
 * Cypriot salad,  native to the island of Cyprus, consists of finely chopped tomatoes, capers, cucumbers, onions, flat-leaf parsley, feta cheese, dressed with olive oil and lemon or red wine vinegar, and closely resembles the "Greek salad" of Greece.

Some spreads and dips found in the meze of Greek cuisine are also called "salads" in Greek, such as melitzanosalata, taramasalata and tzatziki.

title: Greek salad