text:
User talk:Jasoncart

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title: User talk:Jasoncart


text:
Talk:Things in Atlas Shrugged

Nice article, but surely we can do better than "Things in Atlas Shrugged" for a title? How about "concepts", or "items" or "non-character players".... anything more ecyclopedic in style than "things". Mat-C 20:49, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Suggest 19 possible wiki links for Things in Atlas Shrugged.
An automated Wikipedia link suggester has some possible wiki link suggestions for the Things_in_Atlas_Shrugged article:

Notes: The article text has not been changed in any way; Some of these suggestions may be wrong, some may be right. Feedback: I like it, I hate it, Please don't link to — LinkBot 11:24, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Can link National Alliance: ...eat-dog Rule''' The Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule is passed by the National Alliance of Railroads in section 145...
 * Can link Rearden Metal: ... in Atlas_Shrugged|Hank Rearden's]] long struggle to invent Rearden Metal . When he gives it to [[Characters in Atlas_Shrugged|Lillia...
 * Can link night club: ...s Shrugged|sections]] 121 and 161.   Cub Club  A night club in New York.  When [[Character...
 * Can link iron ore: ...ompanies in Atlas_Shrugged|Rearden Steel]] with a supply of iron ore . By passing this Bill, the Looters can seize Rearden's oth...
 * Can link out of sight: ...name during his explosive investment career before dropping out of sight . He had purchased this land among his far-ranging speculat...
 * Can link private property: ...xation or regulation. Conversely, there is a reverence for private property - everything transacted is paid for with the re-invented cu...
 * Can link solid gold: ...ing transacted is paid for with the re-invented currency of solid gold coin struck from the reserves of Midas Mulligan's bank whic...
 * Can link static electricity: ...hase power inexpensively from Galt and his invention of the static electricity motor, maintain their anonymity from the outside world via ...
 * Can link fundamental laws: ...ctures on Physics, where he explains his discoveries on new fundamental laws and applied mathematics. The people purchase medical treat...
 * Can link applied mathematics: ...ere he explains his discoveries on new fundamental laws and applied mathematics . The people purchase medical treatment from the care of Dr...
 * Can link x-ray machine: ...care of Dr. Hendricks, who uses his invention of a portable x-ray machine to initially diagnose Dagny Taggart upon her crash landing ...
 * Can link raw materials: ... Halley who has continued to compose in the Valley, acquire raw materials from the efforts of Francisco D'Anconia's excavations aroun...
 * Can link social philosophy: ... what was wrong with the world while fighting the most evil social philosophy ever put into practice. The world he envisioned was so bea...
 * Can link Isles of the Blessed: ...peared, taking the secret of motor with him. Atlantis, the Isles of the Blessed, is a place where no one could enter except those who had t...
 * Can link the common good: ...quiring members to sacrifice their individual interests for the common good . Orren Boyle has friends ...
 * Can link National Council: ...acters in Atlas_Shrugged|James Taggart]] has friends on the National Council of Metal Industries, and he gets them to support legislatio...
 * Can link San Sebastian: ...d|Francisco]] could be counted on to deliver a winner. The San Sebastian Line is nationalized by the Mexican government soon after c...
 * Can link moral code: ...astian Mines were an illustration of what happens when this moral code is put into practice, and a warning of what will soon happe...
 * Can link The Vulture: ...A best selling novel that captures the spirit of the times, The Vulture Is Molting is "a penetrating study of a businessman's greed...

 * National Alliance- no.
 * Out of Sight- no.
 * The Common Good- no.
 * National Council- no.
 * San Sebastián- no.
 * The Vulture- no.

I don't think Isles of the Blessed works either... JD 18:20, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)

Rename?
I suggest that the article should be renamed into Notable Objects in Atlas Shrugged instead of using the word "Things", as it sounds more encyclopedic-- T B C ??? ???  ??? 21:20, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Things in Atlas Shrugged is one of several references used in the Atlas Shrugged Wikibook. The other references are Places and Characters, both of which have been, apparently, unjustifiably deleted. Things encompasses everything else that does not fit in the first two reference categories; not everything in Things is an object. Please do not delete, move, or change this article if you have not read the novel in detail.  --Yosofun 09:17, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Things in Atlas Shrugged


text:
Lacrimas Profundere

Lacrimas Profundere is a gothic metal band from Germany. Their name means "to shed tears" in Latin. Their stylistic aesthetic has changed over time; originally a gothic death-doom band, they have simplified their style to a more mainstream gothic rock/metal style with more influences from bands such as HIM, The 69 Eyes, before returning to their heavier gothic doom roots on their 2019 album Bleeding the Stars.

Biography
Lacrimas Profundere was founded in 1993 by guitarist Oliver Nikolas Schmid. At the time, the band was influenced by doom metal, and also made use of feminine vocals and classical elements. With the entrance of vocalist Anja Hötzendorfer, they drew enough attention to themselves to be able to record their debut, entitled ... and the Wings Embraced Us, which was released in 1995 and was followed by La Naissance d’un Rêve (French for "The Birth of a Dream"), from 1997.

After the said releases, the band was granted a deal with Napalm Records, which included five albums. A harpist was added to the band's line-up and they proceeded to record Memorandum (1999).

Burning: A Wish from 2001 was Lacrimas Profundere's first album to receive attention from the international specialized press. This album featured the removal of the band's classical elements to some degree, and was also the first time they employed baritone vocals, supplied by Oliver's brother, Christopher Schmid. Their first international tour then began, including countries of Europe and Latin America.

Lacrimas Profundere's subsequent albums were Fall, I Will Follow from 2002 and Ave End from 2004.

Filthy Notes For Frozen Hearts received considerable attention from Jackass star Bam Margera and the songs "My Velvet Little Darkness", "Short Glance", "Should" and "Sweet Caroline" along with a vocal excerpt from "Sad Theme for a Marriage" were played on his show Bam's Unholy Union.

In April 2007, Christopher Schmid, the band's founding member's brother and vocalist left the band; citing prolonged stress from touring. It did not take long to find a new vocalist: Peter Kafka, who also sings for the German band Sonicslave. The former singer Christopher Schmid still takes part of the writing of the new lyrics, however, and has occasionally been seen singing for the band in concerts. A few months later bassist Daniel Lechner left the band and vocalist Peter Kafka became the new bassist. Rob Vitacca employed as the new vocalist, who also sings for the German Rock band Lost. Long time keyboardist Christian Steiner also left the band, but supplied some parts for the new album. Songs For The Last View was released in the summer of 2008. This was the first album featuring their new singer, Rob Vitacca.

Lacrimas Profundere's, The Grandiose Nowhere was released on 30 April 2010. The album spawned two singles "The Letter" and "Lips". Videos for each song were made; they also toured in places across Asia and South America.

Antiadore was released on May 24, 2013, with two music videos for "My Release in Pain" and "Antiadore", as their last album for the contract with Napalm Records.

In June 2016, Lacrimas Profundere signed with a new label, Oblivion/SPV, whom they collaborated with for the production and distribution of their eleventh studio album, Hope is Here, which was released on August 12, 2016. With the release of said album, the band moved slightly away from their classic gothic tendencies, in lieu of a sound resembling more closely that of alternative rock. Following the release of Hope is Here, the band toured across Germany and Austria.

In May 2018, Oliver Schmid announced through the bands' social media and on their website, that Rob Vitacca had decided to leave the band in pursuit of other musical projects, "LACRIMAS just cannot work without complete and constant dedication. And giving such a full-time commitment simply isn't possible for Rob anymore." The band took very little time to find a new vocalist, Julian Larre, who is also a founding member of the Finnish band Lessdmv.

In celebration of 25 years as a band, the band went back to the band's roots with a more gothic sound and guttural voices on Bleeding the Stars. This was the first album featuring their new vocalist, Julian Larre.

Current members

 * Julian Larre - clean and extreme vocals (2018–present)
 * Oliver Nikolas Schmid - lead guitar, keyboards, music (1993–present)
 * Dominik Scholz - drums (2010-2013, 2018–present)
 * Ilker Ersin - bass (2019–present)

Former members

 * Christopher Schmid - Lead Vocals (1993-2007)
 * Markus Lapper - Bass (1994-1999)
 * Christian Greisberger - Drums (1994-1996)
 * Manuel Ehrlich - Rhythm Guitar (1994-1995)
 * Eva Stöger - Flute, Keyboards (1995-1997)
 * Christian Steiner - Keyboards (1995-2007)
 * Anja Hötzendorfer - Violin, Female Vocals (1995-2000)
 * Stefan Randelshofer - Rhythm Guitar (1996)
 * Stefan Eireiner - Drums (1997-1998)
 * Marco Praschberger - Rhythm Guitar (1997-2002)
 * Lorenz Gehmacher - Drums (1998-1999)
 * Ursula Schmidhammer - Harp (1998-2000)
 * Willi Wurm - Drums (1999-2005)
 * Rico Galvagno - Bass (2000-2003)
 * Christian Freitsmiedl - Rhythm Guitar (2002-2005)
 * Daniel Lechner - Bass (2003-2007, 2018–2019)
 * Korl Fuhrmann - Drums (2005-2010)
 * Tony Berger - Rhythm Guitar (2005-2018)
 * Peter Kafka - Bass, Backing (2007-2010), Lead Vocals (2007)
 * Rob Vitacca - Lead Vocals (2007-2018)
 * Clemens Schepperle - Bass (2013-2018)
 * Christop Schepperle - Drums (2013-2018)

Timeline

Studio albums

 * ...And the Wings Embraced Us (1995)
 * La Naissance D'Un Rêve (1997)
 * Memorandum (1999)
 * Burning: A Wish (2001)
 * Fall, I Will Follow (2002)
 * Ave End (2004)
 * Filthy Notes for Frozen Hearts (2006)
 * Songs for the Last View (2008)
 * The Grandiose Nowhere (2010)
 * Antiadore (2013)
 * Hope Is Here (2016)
 * Bleeding the Stars (2019)
 * How to Shroud Yourself with Night (2022)

Demos

 * The Crown of Leaving (1997)
 * The Embrace and the Eclipse (1998)

EPs

 * Again It's Over (2006)
 * Acousticadore (2014)

Videos

 * "Ave End" (2004)
 * "Amber Girl" (2004)
 * "Again It's Over" (2006)
 * "My Velvet Little Darkness" (2006)
 * "A Pearl" (2008)
 * "And God's Ocean" (2009)
 * "The Letter" (2010)
 * "Lips" (2011)
 * "My Release In Pain" (2013)
 * "Antiadore" (2014)
 * "Hope Is Here" (2016)
 * "Father Of Fate" (2019)
 * "The Kingdom Solicitude" (2019)
 * "I Knew And Will Forever Know" (2020)

title: Lacrimas Profundere


text:
Silvio Piola

Silvio Piola (29 September 1913 – 4 October 1996) was an Italian footballer who played as a striker. He is known as a highly prominent figure in the history of Italian football due to several records he set, and he is regarded as one of the greatest strikers of his generation, as well as one of the best Italian players of all time. Piola was part of the squad that won the 1933–35 Central European International Cup & the squad that won the 1938 FIFA World Cup with Italy, scoring two goals in the final, ending the tournament as the second-best player and the second highest scorer.

Piola is third in the all-time goalscoring records of the Italy national team. He is also the highest goalscorer in Italian first league history, with 290 goals (274 in Serie A and 16 in Divisione Nazionale), and also in Serie A history. He played 566 Serie A games, putting him fourth on the all-time list for appearances in Italy's top flight. Piola is the only player to have the honour of being the all-time Serie A top scorer of three different teams (Pro Vercelli, Lazio and Novara)  Piola is also the highest scoring Italian player in all competitions, with 364 goals (391 if his goals in the Divisione Nazionale and for the Italy B team are also included). Throughout his career, including friendlies, Piola scored 682 goals.

After his death, a pair of Italian stadiums were renamed after him: one in Novara in 1997 and another in Vercelli in 1998. In 2011, he was posthumously inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.

Club career
Piola began his career with Italian club side Pro Vercelli, making his Serie A debut against Bologna on 16 February 1930, scoring 13 goals in his first year, at the age of 17. On 29 October 1933, Piola scored six goals, the joint-most goals scored in a single match in Serie A, in a 7–2 win over Fiorentina. He went on to score 51 goals in 127 appearances in Serie A for Pro Vercelli.

In 1934, he moved to Lazio, who had been on the receiving end of his first Serie A goal on 11 November 1930. He was to spend the next nine seasons there. Piola was the Serie A top scorer twice while at Lazio, in 1937 and 1943. Piola was Lazio's highest all-time leading goalscorer with 149 goals until it was surpassed in 2021 by Ciro Immobile. After leaving Lazio, he spent war-torn 1944 at Torino, where he scored an amazing 27 goals in just 23 games. Toward the end of the war, he joined Novara. Then, from 1945 to 1947, Piola played for Juventus, before moving back to Novara, where he stayed for seven more seasons.

During his final years with Novara, Piola became the oldest player in Serie A history to score two goals in a single league match, a feat which he managed on 1 February 1953, at the age of 39 years, 4 months and 2 days, against his former team Lazio; the record stood until 20 April 2016, when Francesco Totti scored a Serie A brace at the age of 39 years, 6 months and 23 days.

In his last season in 1953–54, Piola turned 40 years old on 29 September 1953, and then he scored one goal in three consecutive matches in November and December against Sampdoria, Palermo, and Inter Milan, thus becoming the first player to score a Serie A goal after his 40th birthday. He scored his fifth and last goal of the season on 7 February, in a 1–1 draw against AC Milan, and in doing so at the age of 40 years and 129 days, he became the oldest Serie A goalscorer in history, although his record has since been broken by both Alessandro Costacurta in 2007 and Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2023, who both scored a Serie A goal aged 41. With five goals, Piola is the joint-second highest 40-year-old goalsorer in Europe's top five leagues, alongside English League's Stanley Matthews, and Bundesliga's Claudio Pizarro, and only behind Ibrahimović, who scored eight in Serie A. To this day, Piola is still currently the highest all-time goalscorer in Serie A.

International career
His first game for Italy came against Austria on 24 March 1935, when he also scored his first goals for the team in the form of a brace to help Italy defeat the hosts Austria 2–0 in the 1933–35 Central European International Cup. He was a World Cup winner in 1938, when he scored two of Italy's goals in the 4–2 victory over Hungary; he finished the tournament as the second highest scorer and was named the second-best player, also earning a place in the Team of the Tournament.

Piola went on to play 34 games for Italy and score 30 goals between 1935 and 1952, a tally that would surely have been greater if not for the interruption caused by World War II. He served as the national side's captain from 1940 until 1947. In 1939 he scored a goal with his hand to England 47 years before Diego Armando Maradona. His last international appearance was in 1952, when Italy drew 1–1 with England. Piola is currently Italy's third highest goalscorer of all-time, behind only Giuseppe Meazza, and Luigi Riva. He also co-holds, with Riva, the national team's record for most goals on opposition soil with 13.

Style of play
Regarded as one of the greatest strikers of all time, Piola was widely renowned for his goalscoring ability throughout his career, and his eye for goal. He was considered to be a modern and well-rounded player during his time, as he used his physical attributes, intelligence, and control to play with his back to goal, and lay off the ball for teammates in order to provide them with assists. Piola's vision, work-rate, and technical ability, as well as his passing ability, made him a tactically versatile player, who was capable of playing in several positions, and he was deployed on the wing, in midfield, or as a creative advanced playmaker or second striker on occasion. Piola particularly excelled as a centre-forward, however; his speed, positional sense, offensive movement, and opportunism enabled him to lose his markers with his attacking runs and receive his team-mates' deliveries or pounce on loose balls in the area. Piola was also known for his powerful and accurate finishing ability with his head and both feet, from any position on the pitch, which made him a prolific goalscorer throughout his career. Due to his agility and athletic ability, Piola also excelled in the air, and he was capable of scoring spectacular acrobatic goals from volleys and bicycle kicks. Despite his talent and his reputation, he was occasionally accused of diving throughout his career. Unlike his legendary international team-mate, club rival, and friend Giuseppe Meazza, however, with whom he was often compared, Piola was much more reserved both on and off the pitch, and he preferred to score through efficiency and pragmatism rather than flamboyance. On top of his playing ability and prolific goalscoring, Piola also stood out for his longevity throughout his career.

International

 * Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Piola goal.

Honours
Lazio
 * Serie A: runner-up 1936–37
 * Mitropa Cup: runner-up 1937

Juventus
 * Serie A: runner-up 1945–46, 1946–47

Novara
 * Serie B: 1947–48

Italy
 * FIFA World Cup: 1938
 * Central European International Cup: 1933–35

Individual
 * Serie A top goalscorer: 1936–37, 1942–43
 * Inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2011 (posthumously)
 * Inducted into the Walk of Fame of Italian sport: 2015

title: Silvio Piola


text:
Regeneron Science Talent Search

The Regeneron Science Talent Search, known for its first 57 years as the Westinghouse Science Talent Search, and then as the Intel Science Talent Search (Intel STS) from 1998 through 2016, is a research-based science competition in the United States for high school seniors. It has been referred to as "the nation's oldest and most prestigious" science competition. In his speech at the dinner honoring the 1991 Winners, President George H. W. Bush called the competition the "Super Bowl of science."

History
The Society for Science began the competition in 1942 with Westinghouse Electric Corporation; for many years, the competition was known as the Westinghouse Science Talent Search. In 1998, Intel became the sponsor after it outbid several other companies. In May 2016, it was announced that Regeneron Pharmaceuticals would be the new title sponsor. Over the years, some 147,000 students have entered the competition. Over 22,000 have been named semifinalists and 2,920 have traveled to Washington, D.C., as contest finalists. Collectively, they have received millions of dollars in scholarships and gone on, in later years, to capture Nobel Prizes, Fields Medals, MacArthur Fellowships and numerous other accolades.

Thirteen alumni of the Science Talent Search went on to receive Nobel Prizes, two earned the Fields Medal, eleven have been awarded the National Medal of Science, twenty received MacArthur Fellowships; three have won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research; seven have won a Breakthrough Prize; and many have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.

Competition
Entrants to the competition conduct original research—sometimes at home and sometimes by working with leading research teams at universities, hospitals and private laboratories. The selection process is highly competitive, and besides the research paper, letters of recommendation, essays, test scores, extracurricular activities, and high school transcripts may be factored in the selection of finalists and winners.

Each year, approximately 2,000 projects are submitted. The top 300 STS Scholars are announced in mid-January and each receive $2,000. In addition to the scholar award money, each scholar’s school receives an award of $2,000 from the title sponsor for each scholar named. In late January, the Top 40 Finalists (the award winners) are announced. In March, the Finalists are flown to Washington, D.C. for a week where they are interviewed by a judging panel about their projects, and to assess the breadth and depth of STEM knowledge, creativity and problem solving abilities. The judges have included Glenn T. Seaborg (Nobel Laureate with Edwin M. McMillan in Chemistry, 1951) and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1993). The Top 40 Finalists receive awards of at least $25,000 and the winners are announced at an awards ceremony in Washington, D.C.

Demography
The Science Talent Search is open to high school seniors living in the United States. Since the beginning of the competition, a large number of winners have come from New York, representing nearly one-third of the finalists in the years that Westinghouse sponsored the competition. New York has continued to lead the states in finalists in more recent years, more closely followed by California, and with significant numbers of finalists from Maryland, Texas, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Florida, Virginia, and Illinois.

Certain high schools have been particularly successful at placing semifinalists and finalists in the Science Talent Search. From the early years of the competition, two specialized high schools in New York City dominated the competition: Bronx High School of Science and Stuyvesant High School. Other New York schools have also had notable success in the competition, including Ward Melville High School in East Setauket, Byram Hills High School in Armonk, Jericho High School in Jericho, and Paul D. Schreiber Senior High School in Port Washington. In the 1980s and 1990s, other specialized STEM schools, including Virginia's Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology and Maryland's Montgomery Blair High School, began to produce large numbers of finalists to rival the New York schools. In the 21st century, a new group of specialized STEM schools have had growing success in the competition, including New Jersey's Bergen County Academies, and the private Harker School in California.

title: Regeneron Science Talent Search


text:
Talk:Battle of the Metaurus River

I'm pretty sure this is a copyright violation this site http://www.lbdb.com/TMDisplayBattle.cfm?BID=247 has the exacct same text on it. I am not sure what to do about this so maybe an admin could look into this 578 20:51, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The article was deleted as a copyvio and a redirect put in it's place. RedWolf 03:17, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of the Metaurus River


text: Template:World Series

title: Template:World Series


text:
Parcham Party of India

The Parcham Party of India (Abbr : PPI) is an Indian political party based primarily in the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It was founded by the Indian Muslim Political Conference on 13 April 2003 at an "Azm-e-millat" convention in Aligarh. It was an ally in the Uttar Pradesh Ittehad Front founded in 2015.

Origins
Parcham Party of India founded in 13 April 2003. Parcham Party founded by Late Saleem Peerzada, popularly known by the name of Lovey Bhai or Lovey Peerzada and other students of Aligarh Muslim University. The founder was the activist of the Aligarh Movement in its sense.

2007 UP Assembly Election
PPI participated in the Uttar Pradesh 2007 Assembly election was in the alliance with Vishwanath Pratap Singh 's Jan Morcha and contested on 5 seats.

2009 UP By-election
The PPI supported Samajwadi Party in the by-election.

title: Parcham Party of India


text:
User:Meelar/A nicer VfD

John Boone
Delete. As another Wiki member so eloquently put it, "Unless the character somehow transcends the book or series (Paul Bunyan, George Babbitt, Don Quixote) to become a cultural icon independent of the original work it appeared in, this is nothing more than Wiki contributors indulging and memorializing their personal tastes with an article." In other words, Non-notable. Radman1 04:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. On this basis, the entire Middle Earth canon could be safely excised, with maybe the exception of Gandalf and some of the more notable shorty hairy things with big feet. John Boone imo is an extremely important character in a major piece of science fiction, in stature not far short of Paul Atreides of Dune, and more than worthy of retention. Boone is certainly a cultural icon within the sci fi community and has certainly permeated beyond those margins. Moreover, Boone characterises a particular planetary ecological viewpoint which has considerable importance from the point of view of evaluating responsible usage of resources etc. He is moreover the subject of serious social analysis: q.v. STS and Utopian thinking, Ellsworth R. Fuhrman in Social Epistemology Volume 13, Number 1 / January 1, 1999 pp. 85 -93. This looks like an exceedingly spurious Vote for Deletion, verging on trolling or certainly time-wasting. Shall we add God or Christianity on the basis that they are spurious non-notable next???? Sjc 05:07, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't go over the top, it doesn't help your argument. You sound more like a troll for the over the top accusation and the ludicrous comparison to God (here's a question - how many wars have been started in the name of John Boone?). Does anyone have any cites of the use of this character separate to the books apart from in the occasional esoteric and not widely read journal? Average Earthman 08:38, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * God is just a character in a work of fiction. :) Moreover the current discussion regarding fictional characters in Village Pump is salient to this and a number of other articles currently in VfD. There is no logical reason whatsoever for this appearing in VfD. Sjc 09:06, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * So remove the entire middle earth canon. It's non-notable. As for the religions, they are notable and known to people who are not fans of their foundational works, and so religious detail is pretty distinct from non-notable. I like Radman1's metric. Delete as non-notable. Eventually we'll get around to zapping most of the Star Wars/Trek cruft too, I hope. --Improv 15:28, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Boone is not notable outside the context of the Kim Stanley Robinson novels. So merge him into Red Mars, Green Mars and Blue Mars. Or even better, merge all four articles into one called Mars trilogy. Gdr 08:59, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC) P.S. If User:Radman1 were willing to actually do the work and merge the articles then he wouldn't need to propose a vote for deletion.
 * Delete. This is a resurrection of a debate we had three months ago, and I personally merged every Red Mars separate character page into the Red Mars main page because the little tiny stubs of every single character were pointless. Including this one. So I did the work, and I'm mighty peeved to see people reviving the pages when the debate's been had, and the pages merged. Sheesh, doesn't anyone read talk pages before going ahead and editing? I'm a big fan of the character of John Boone, but even I know Non-notable when I see it. I know of no significant influence this character has had outside the text itself, either culturally, socially or intertextually with other literature. Sure, if there was a vast sub-culture of 'Booneheads' who went to 'Red Mars' conventions dressed in Mars Walkers and spent their time debating the finer points of omegendorph-popping, then you could argue for an entry under the 'cultural' category. But it ain't so. Just merge the pages back into Red Mars and lets rid the wiki space of the ramblings of fictional characters that have no influence outside the texts in which they were created. . Mercurius 10:56, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * keep, its a reasonably long article, and theres no good reason to delete it. This is not a stub, so there is no clear reason to merge it.  As has been acknowledged time and again, one of the great aspects of Wikipedia is that it can contain encyclopedic articles about less notable topics than a traditional encyclopedia.  Non-notable or whatever you wanna call it, I still vote keep on this article.  — siro  χ  o  11:29, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * There's a Shock. Has there ever been an article you HAVE voted to delete?  "wiki is not paper".  Even paper has higher standards.  Terrapin 19:16, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable; but since the English-language Wikipedia likes non-notable (none of the others seem to have this problem: probably because far fewer children outside the US have access to computers), I vote for Gdr's suggestion: merge any useful bits into a Mars trilogy. — Bill 12:37, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Interesting point about toleration of non-notable in different Wikipedias. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:19, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Gee, that's the nicest thing anyone's said to me all day. I sure appreciate you mature response. Seriously, could we address this without personal attacks? [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:46, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * And as we all know no one outside the US contributes to en.wikipedia.org, in fact no one outside the US even speaks english. I am also sure that the poor and impovrished people of japan, korea, germany, france, finland, australia, norway, england, italy, denmark, New Zealand, Israel, Canada... cant possibly afford to give thier children computers, becuase thier living standards are so far below that of the US The bellman 08:53, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Doesn't fulfill any of the criteria for deletion.  And what will be achieved by deleting this article?  Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopaedia and is not running out of space.  You are not going to stumble into this article unless you search for "John Boone" or you follow a link from the trilogy.  There is no clutter - because it's not like a book.  You don't have to turn pages and filter stuff out.--Tomheaton 16:15, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: non-notable. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:19, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just like to note that this has survived Vfd before. Also, I'd appreciate if Radman would cease listing articles for deletion simply because I worked on them; see Votes for deletion/Spinsane, Votes for deletion/Remorse 1981 (and the retaliatory Votes for deletion/Doink the Clown). That said, I can understand that some users think this sort of article merits deletion--I don't mean to attack any legitimate delete voters. However, I'm going to register my opinion and disagree. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:26, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Someone should start a Wikicruft project.  -- WOT 17:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable non-notable.  I can't believe someone compared him to God.  Where's the "user ignore" button?  Terrapin 19:14, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Weak Delete: We allow articles on fictions strictly on the basis of whether Wikipedians like them. That's what I've learned.  We sure don't do it on a rational basis.  People write up every stinking joke from their favorite movies as an article.  They put up every character, every weapon, every article of clothing, etc. from the game they're playing.  Then the VfD debate takes place, and we hear that Wikipedia isn't paper and that there are many people who play/read that thing.  I personally address this two ways.  One is coverage at all, and the other is a break out.  Coverage I agree with.  Let's cover those super power bracers of gloom #4 with phase shift.  However, let's not break them out into long, detailed articles unless, and I say this every time, they are topics known outside of their fictions.  You put them outside their fictions in articles when they're known outside their fictions.  If this character is known by the whole science fiction reading community, then it can be a separate article.  If not, then it just doesn't make any sense to have it as a separate article.  It's not a value judgment:  it's a question of whether people will seek and need the information on this common name to refer to this specific thing.  A recurrent character in a series of novels is far better off than the single character of Vosk in Star Trek, and that's why this is a weak delete. Geogre 19:52, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm with WOT, 100%. There seems to be no solution to the flood of this stuff other than to let it inhabit its own world apart. It will have some value in a coupla hundred years to scholars analysing popular culture, just like 18c English broadsheets and scurrilous ditties do now: but it still won't be encyclopedic. I'm not sure that you mightn't have been joking, WOT, but a Wikicruft project is an idea we could take seriously; if we don't do something soon, there's a real danger of undermining the credibility of Wikipedia, and its appeal to serious contributors. — Bill 20:06, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This is certainly an option. However, as I've stated before, one of the major problems is, what would its exact mission be? To serve non-notable? That would be useless in itself - Incidentally, there's already a "Wikipedia" style place for Joss Whedon's works, like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Firefly. To serve television shows? Maybe, but then no one would post there except for the die-hard fans of cult TV shows - who would do this sort of thing for The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis? However, the major point that Bill makes - to help Wikipedia's credibility - may be reason enough alone. I won't vote here, since it's survived VfD before. But, such as it stands. Ian Pugh 23:09, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * As I have said before, a separate wiki will not be a truly viable option until the different wikis are more closely connected. At the moment, it is difficult for the average person to get from one to the next, and searches here would not bring up results from a fandom-specific separate encyclopedia. Also we would have to fight over the exact limits, and what goes where. (Besides, it's bad articles that damage credibility, whether they are about literary characters or concepts in physics.) [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 00:08, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete as transparent non-notable. GRider 21:29, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, Yes I know I tend to vote delete on this kind of thing, but this is a revenge posting and has survived vfd before (Meelar, do you have a link for the discussion.) -Vina 22:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * See Talk:John Boone. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:05, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It attempts to be a serious discussion of the character, not just a reporting of the facts. Just because I don't much care doesn't mean it should be deleted. Mars exploration may not belong to the realm of science fiction much longer, and when it's in the news again, we'll be glad to have such information on Mars-travel science fiction. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 00:02, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect into Red Mars, as he only appears there. -Sean Curtin 01:37, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with Aranel. [[User:Rhymeless|Rhymeless | (Methyl Remiss)]] 05:46, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's clearly labeled as being about a fictional character, so I don't think it undermines Wikipedia's credibility with serious contributors.  Some of the discussions about God probably hurt our credibility more.  (I don't mean that God should be deleted; I mean that there are probably passages about God, in that article or others, that a knowledgeable scholar of religion would consider absurd.)  JamesMLane 07:52, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I merged John Boone, Red Mars, Blue Mars and Green Mars into a new article called Mars trilogy. I took the liberty of removing the VfD tag since the issue is now moot; I hope that is OK. Gdr 22:17, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)
 * Acceptable, but only as long as the content remains. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:40, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Good Solution, so when do we remove this listing? Should have been done when the info was merged?Keep, and IMHO the term 'non-notable' is bantered about too much.  Don't we have a Mycroft Holmes?  If Arthur Conan Doyle were writing today, it would be 'non-notable' (and that jargon seems unsuitable even when accurate).  I think the custom is not to be insulting on vfd, and whatever it means, non-notable would  seem insulting to a newcomer.  I've been here a while and it seems so to me.  " John Boone" won't just pop up without looking for it, so I don't see it as being a detriment to our credibility.Pedant 02:09, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)

Pedant(continued): Ichabod Crane but not Lord Valentine or Captain Ahab? John Carter of Mars but not Thuvia, Maid of Mars, and though both the previous are titles of books by Edgar Rice Burroughs and are mentioned in WP, Thuvia is mentioned in Barsoom, Not in it's own article. Barsoom does not exist outside of the novels. Is "Barsoom" non-notable? No. Because it has entered into our cultural heritage. However, when Burroughs was writing about it, Barsoom was was not considered worthy of an encyclopedia entry. As I mentioned before Lucille Ball is not even mentioned in the World Book Encyclopedia, but is Lucille McGillicuddy non-notable? We have Gor and Oz and even Majipoor but no Lord Valentine even though he is the title character of the first book to mention Majipoor, and Majipoor is not the title of any book, but the Majipoor Chronicles -- which is the name by which the trilogy featuring Lord Valentine's rise is called -- doesn't have an article. Measure twice and cut once is what I say. Articles can always be deleted, but once they are deleted, it's a serious duplication of effort to recreate them. In most cases, simply the fact that an article has been created, and has been written well, and is factual even if it's about a fiction means it is notable. the exception of course being outright vanity articles or articles with misleading titles, etc. I think we should ease up on stamping out so-called 'non-notable'... and try to keep an open mind. I might not be interested in knowing that d2jsp.org provides bot scripts for playing Diablo 2, but then again, maybe I have heard of njaguar in another context, maybe he became famous for something else besides the Diablo 2 javascript parser...

I might think a discussion of Fermats Last Theorem is "mathcruft", does that make it not notable? But then I'm The Kind of Weirdo Who Sets His Browser's Home Page to Wikipedia's Random Page Becaus Everything is Notable] so I tend to be conservative when deleting, so I think User:Meelar's solution is excellent. I've been reading encyclopedias since the 60's, and I think the broader the topic base the better the encyclopedia. IMO many things dismissed as non-notable actually are a huge asset to wikipedia... a lot of people discover wikipedia by accident, searching for something that's obscure or meaningless to some, but which is of interest to them, including non-notable. I posit that the best way to improve the 'good-article-to-non-notable-ratio" is to write more articles about the things one personally finds to be notable and to spend less time deleting. Gardens need lots of weeding, when they are planted sparsely, but if you plant generously, the weeds are overshadowed by the 'good' plants and there is less weeding needed.  More pruning, grafting and transplanting time.Pedant 02:09, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)

title: User:Meelar/A nicer VfD


text:
Sawback Range

The Sawback Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies that stretches from the Bow Valley in Alberta into southeastern Banff National Park.

Mountains
This range includes the following mountains and peaks:

title: Sawback Range


text:
Nagaland Democratic Party

The Nagaland Democratic Party was a political party in the Indian state of Nagaland. NDP was founded in 1999. The convenor of the party was Roland Lotha.

In the 2003 state assembly elections, the NDP contested as a part of the NPF-led Democratic Alliance of Nagaland.

On 22 March 2004, the NDP merged into the Nagaland Peoples Front.

title: Nagaland Democratic Party


text:
User talk:Geni/I won this debate

Ali dvd.jpg
Isn't the use of DVD covers a fair use since there is specifically a tag for the fair use of such covers in Wikipedia itself. It only enhances the article and instead of using photos i decided to add a DVD image to make it look better. I'm afraid I'll have to revert it since the fair use of {DVDcover} is allowed here. Tx Idleguy 18:31, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Geni/I won this debate


text:
User talk:Ncik~enwiki

Hello Ncik, and welcome to Wikipedia if you are new here. I wanted to contact you because I do not understand the reasoning behind your edit of Stone-Weierstrass theorem. The previous version says that the Weierstrass approximation theorem states
 * Suppose f is a continuous real-valued function defined on the interval [a,b]. For every ε>0, there exists a polynomial function p with real coefficients such that for all x in [a,b], we have |f(x) - p(x)| < ε.

and you changed this in
 * Suppose f is a continuous complex-valued function defined on the interval [a,b]. For every ε>0, there exists a polynomial function p over C with real coefficients such that for all x in [a,b], we have |f(x) - p(x)| < ε.

As far as I remember, I have never seen your version. I think it is correct, but it does not add much to the real version. Furthermore, what does it mean that p is over C? I would be grateful if you could explain this to me. Do not hesitate to contact me on my talk page if you have any questions. Cheers, Jitse Niesen 20:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

polynomial
Hi. I have noticed you separated the definition of norm_(mathematics) and normed vector space. I think this was a good move and I thought about doing it myself sooner or later. On the other hand I do not like your edits on the definition of polynomial. You made the definition too complicated for most people. An article like polynomials should be accessible to a wide range of people so it is better to give a simple and concrete definition first and later on provide a more abstract definition in another paragraph.MathMartin 13:45, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Torture
Hi, I noticed you reverted my change to the torture article. You said in your edit summary that I should put it in an article on the Professor. I don't think this is a good suggestion as the professor probably isn't notable enough to have his own article, and the paper was written by 2 professors, so should they both have articles with the same content? I am going to revert it back, and I would like it to be discussed on the talk page before it is removed again, as is the proper thing to do. I would like to know what other opinions are. It may be better somewhere else, say in a "legalising torture" article or something, but I felt when I added it that it is good to show that aspect of the issue for neutrality. Regards --Silversmith 12:24, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Dedekind sum
Hi,

On the 21st of November 2005, it looks like you added several incorrect formulas to the article Dedekind sum. Can you please review these edits, and discuss them at Talk:Dedekind sum? linas 18:21, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Never mind, I apologize for the accusative tone, both I and the other fellow made two different types of errors. However, you may still want to review the results. linas 21:16, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden
Hi Ncik,

I noticed you recently created the article about the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. I just wanted to inform you that you can post any new Germany-related articles at Portal:Germany/New article announcements and Portal:Germany/New articles. Happy editing--CarabinieriTTaallkk 11:40, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Germany
Hi Ncik,

User:Badbilltucker has proposed creating a WikiProject for articles related to Germany. Since you seem to contribute to Germany-related articles, I was wondering if you would be interested in helping with this project. If you want to know more about the proposal you can check the temporary project page or the List of proposed projects.--CarabinieriTTaallkk 10:43, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Rebecca Henriette Lejeune Dirichlet
A "" template has been added to the article Rebecca Henriette Lejeune Dirichlet, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. 172.132.186.137 14:23, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ncik. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ncik~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:06, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:50, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ncik~enwiki


text:
User:Zoganes/Temp/Timeline of video game controllers

Significant developments in video game controllers

1977
 * Atari 2600 joystick - digital stick, 1 fire button
 * paddle

1984
 * Famicom joypad: D-pad, 2 fire buttons, 2 control buttons. (NES controller, 1985)
 * NES Zapper (Japan) - light gun

1986
 * Family Trainer (Japan) - pressure sensitive "dance mat" for the Famicom.

1988
 * Acclaim Wireless (US) - infrared versions of the NES controller
 * Sega Mega Drive joypad (Japan) - D-pad, 3 fire buttons, 1 control button

1989
 * Mattel Power Glove

198?
 * NES Advantage
 * NES Max
 * Knoami Laserscope - voice activated lightgun
 * Quickshot Trackball
 * Turbo Touch 360 - touch sensitive control pad
 * U force

1990
 * Super Famicom controller (Japan) - D-pad, 6 fire buttons (inc 2 "sholder" buttons), 2 control buttons

1993
 * Mega Drive/Genesis controller updated to 6 fire buttons (for use with Street Fighter II)

1994
 * PlayStation controller (Japan) - D-pad, 8 fire buttons (inc 4 sholder buttons), 2 control buttons

1996
 * Nintendo 64 controller (Japan) - three-prong design featuring an analog stick

1997
 * Rumble Pak - N64 controller attachment to provide vibration
 * PlayStation Dual Shock (Japan)- The Playstation controller with the addition of 2 analog sticks (which also double as 2 fire buttons) and vibration function.

2003
 * Sony Eye Toy (Europe) - camera-based motion detection

2004
 * Gametrak (Europe)


text:
International Financial Services Centre, Dublin

The International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) is an area of central Dublin and part of the CBD established in the 1980s as an urban regeneration area and special economic zone (SEZ) on the derelict state-owned former port authority lands of the reclaimed North Wall and George's Dock areas of the Dublin Docklands. The term has become a metonym for the Irish financial services industry as well as being used as an address and still being classified as an SEZ.

It officially began in 1987 as an SEZ on an 11 hectare docklands site in central Dublin, with EU approval to apply a 10% corporate tax rate for "designated financial services activities". Before the expiry of this EU approval in 2005, the Irish Government legislated to effectively have a national flat rate by reducing the overall Irish corporate tax rate from 32% to 12.5% which was introduced in 2003.

An additional primary goal of the IFSC was to assist the urban renewal and development programme of the North Wall area as a result of its dereliction following the advent of containerisation in the 1960s. Following a period of successful regeneration the Section 23 Relief and other schemes ceased accepting new entrants from 1999.

The original 11-hectare IFSC site has gone through several expansions to become a 37.8 hectare area by 2018 which is now a major European financial centre. By merging with the Spencer Dock and Grand Canal Dock area, the IFSC is now considered to be an "International Services Centre", covering a broader range than being purely financial. The creation and development of the IFSC is considered to be an important part of Ireland's economic growth story.

Location
The original IFSC 1 (development of the 11 hectare site from 1987 to 1997 under the Custom House Docks Development Authority "CHDDA") comprises the area between Memorial Road, Amiens Street, Lower Sheriff Street (including part of Crinan Strand), Guild Street, and the River Liffey along North Wall Quay and Custom House Quay. Adjacent districts include East Wall to the north and Spencer Dock to the east; the Custom House, Busáras and the city centre lie to the west along Store Street and Abbey Street. Within the IFSC, the original development area lies west of Commons Street.

East of Commons Street is the later IFSC 2 expansion (development of an additional 4.8 hectare from 1997 to 2007 under the Dublin Docklands Development Authority (DDDA) which runs along North Wall Quay and Lower Mayor Street. It is an integrated development located in the centre of the city which incorporates office accommodation, educational institutions, housing, restaurants and shopping facilities including the Dublin Landings development.

East of Guild Street down as far as the Point Depot is the final part of the IFSC (Docklands Strategic Development Zone, created by Dublin City Council ("DCC") on the dissolution of the DDDA in 2012), as an area containing the Central Bank of Ireland as well the offices of PwC, Credit Suisse and numerous technology companies including Yahoo and WeWork. This was further expanded by DCC in 2015 into a larger special economic zone ("SEZ") to include the full 22 hectare of North Lotts and Grand Canal Docks sites, taking in both financial and technology services companies. Only the area within the North Wall part of the original IFSC includes IFSC as part of a postal address.

History
The concept of a low tax international financial service centre is attributed to Irish businessman Dermot Desmond and politician Ruairi Quinn among others, whose ideas were later picked up by Fianna Fáil leader Charles Haughey and incorporated into his 1987 election manifesto (with contributions from AIB CEO Michael Buckley). Despite resistance from the Department of Finance (concerned about the impact on domestic tax revenues), Haughey overruled and got permission from the EU to create a special 10% tax incentive zone (the IFSC), in the 1987 Finance Act (Section 30). The CHDDA had earlier been created under the auspices of the Garret FitzGerald lead Fine Gael-Labour minority government as a Special Purpose Agency (SPA) in November 1986. The physical manifestation of the IFSC began with the construction of three offices - The International Centre, IFSC House and La Touche House, all with distinctive green colouring. To operate in the IFSC and access the 10% tax rate, companies had to be approved by the Certification Advisory Committee (CAC), composed of representatives from the Irish Development Authority, the Department of Finance, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment and the Central Bank of Ireland.

The next major event was the Irish Taxes and Consolidated Act, 1997 (TCA) which upgraded the legal and tax structures in the IFSC, and in particular created the " Irish section 110 SPV" and laid the foundations for the Double Irish, Single Malt and the Capital Allowances for Intangible Assets BEPS tools. In addition, the Dublin Docklands Development Authority was set up to oversee the expansion of the IFSC's site (most notable being the reclamation of the Grand Canal Basin site)

The "dual structure" Irish corporate tax rate, came under pressure from the EC (due to competition rules), and it was agreed that it would expire in 2005. In advance of this deadline, the Irish Government in the 1998/1999 Finance Acts introduced a lower 12.5% corporate tax rate for the entire country which was fully introduced from 1 January 2003, and by 1 January 2006, all remaining IFSC companies (some held their old licenses) were on a 12.5% rate. The IFSC ceased to exist as a required legal entity.

The next major event was the Irish financial crisis from 2008 to 2013. The IFSC was a major EU securitisation hub and the effect of billion euro special purpose vehicles (or SPVs) collapsing added to the concern over Ireland's financial position. It did not help that these SPVs (and other IFSC type activities) produced a further distorted picture of Ireland's already precarious National Accounts statistics. The sudden drop in Dublin's ranking on the Global Financial Centres Index ("GFCI") from an all-time high of 10th in March 2009 (GFCI 5), to 23rd by September 2009 (GFCI 6), sparked a formal investigation.

A tightening by the Irish regulator (after a period of loose regulation) which followed the Irish financial crisis led some financial institutions to move operations elsewhere (as well as others who were exited) and caused Dublin's GFCI ranking as a financial services centre to drop further to 70th in 2014 (GFI 16). IFSC institutions cited the timeliness of decisions by the Central Bank of Ireland as having an impact on their operations. Since 2014 however, the IFSC has started to recover, rising to 31 in the 2016 GCFI 21 ranking.

The IFSC Securitisation Sector produced a major domestic scandal when it was revealed in mid-2016 that US Distressed Debt funds (pejoratively called "vulture funds") had been using the Irish Section 110 SPV to avoid all Irish taxes on their Irish domestic investments. The Irish Government closed the "loopholes" but it was estimated that the loss in Irish tax revenues to the Irish exchequer runs to billions of euros (exceeding the value the securitisation sector ever delivered to Ireland). Discussed further in vulture fund Irish tax avoidance.

The IFSC Securitisation Sector was further pressured when it was revealed in 2018 that Russian banks (some under EU and US sanctions) had also been using the Irish Section 110 SPV to funnel over €100bn through the IFSC. Further academic studies showed that the IFSC SPV sector was operating in an almost unregulated fashion where structures were more akin to brass plate companies. Other former Central Bank of Ireland regulators also publicly highlighted their concerns. Discussed further in unregulated shadow banking.

Financial sectors
A 2015 Irish Government IFS 2020 Strategy Paper, lists the Irish financial services sector as comprising over 400 companies, employing over 35,000 people (one third outside Dublin), with over €3.2 trillion in funds under administration, providing €2bn in taxes and €2.3bn in wages and salaries. KMPG estimate the IFSC constitutes 7% of Irish GDP. The IFSC has now become one of Europe's most important centres for, and , and ultimately became the birthplace of and global leader in.

Some of the largest offices in the IFSC are those of the major Irish accounting and law firms. They have become associated with the creation and development of international tax management tools, (such as the Double Irish, single malt, and capital allowances for intangible assets (CAIA) BEPS tools; and Section 110 SPV, QIAIF and ICAV zero-tax legal structures), leading to concerns of Ireland as a tax haven. In 2017, a University of Amsterdam study estimated that the IFSC was one of the world's largest conduit OFCs for facilitating global corporate tax avoidance. In 2018, a Gabriel Zucman study estimated that Ireland had become the world's largest corporate tax haven by virtue of its use as a Conduit OFC.

Some of the main sectors of financial services activity carried out in the IFSC are outlined below:

Fund administration and domiciling
The original proposal for the IFSC was that it would become a location for high-margin activities such as investment management, banking and securities trading given its low tax rate and proximity to the major centres of London and Paris. However, ultimately few of these companies established offices which offered these services or relocated to Dublin in the following years and while the level of material employment has grown significantly relative to its former size, it is still well below many of the larger European financial centres in overall terms such as Frankfurt, London or Paris. Many of the notable fund and investment managers are dealing mostly with domestic businesses e.g. - Irish Life and Bank of Ireland and many of the examples mentioned in the media outlets relate to fund domiciling, custody, treasury and more recently trading rather than investment management and investment banking.

Classic fund administration (i.e. fund accounting, fund administration, fund custody and transfer agency) is the largest employer in IFSC making up almost a third of IFSC jobs and totaling almost 9,274 jobs at the last reliable study. The four largest global fund administration and custody providers all have major offices in the IFSC State Street, BNY Mellon, Citibank and Northern Trust, as well as internal fund administration departments from major global investment banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs and Bank of America.

Fund domiciling (and distribution) is where specialist law firms, and specialist administration departments of investment firms (i.e. BlackRock, Citibank, Deutsche Bank), provide legal (i.e. creating fund prospectus, fund listing documents etc.) and other professional services (i.e. fund trustees, fund audit etc.) to Irish domiciled, and often Irish listed, fund structures in various Irish legal fund "wrappers" (incl. UCITs, QIAIFs, MMFs and AIFs). The IFSC is one of the largest and fastest growing locations for UCITS in Europe.

The trade body for the IFSC fund administration and domiciling sector is the Irish Funds (Industry) Association (previously Dublin Funds Industry Association, or "DIMA").

Securitisation
The introduction of the Irish Section 110 SPV in 1997, described by PwC as the "heart of the Irish structured finance regime", enabled the IFSC become the largest provider of SPVs in the EU securitisation market, and has made Ireland the 4th largest shadow banking centre in the world. While Irish securitisation SPVs pay no effective Irish corporate taxes (SPVs are deliberately structured in this way), they are estimated to contribute over €100m annually to the Irish Economy from fees paid to local Irish professional services firms (legal, accounting and corporate services providers) who create and administer the SPVs. The sector was involved in a major domestic tax scandal in 2017.

Sometimes the securitisation sector is merged with the fund administration sector when "total funds administered" data is quoted for the IFSC (or IFS sector).

The trade body for the IFSC Securitisation sector is the Irish Debt Securities Association (IDSA), which was founded by IFSC law firm, Matheson.

Banking
Some of the world's largest banks have offices in the IFSC. Their focus is mainly on administration support for securitisation and structured finance activities, aircraft leasing activities, or conducting in-house corporate treasury and fund administration functions for their parent. There are few examples of foreign banks conducting higher margin asset management, investment banking or corporate finance from their IFSC platform (instead usually favouring their bases in London, Paris, Frankfurt or Luxembourg in Europe).

The trade body for the IFSC and non-IFSC banking sector is the Irish Banking Federation.

Insurance
The main insurance activities cover life insurance, general insurance, reinsurance and captive insurance. There is little insurance risk originated or underwritten in the IFSC and London remains the primary global base for these activities. The only remaining listed Irish insurance company is FBD Holdings which is one of the smaller players in the Irish insurance market. The IFSC occasionally provides an accounting and administration service for products sold on a pan-EU basis through the parent's main channels. The IFSC has a niche strength as a top location in the relatively small Captive Insurance market.

The trade body for the IFSC Insurance sector is the Dublin International Insurance & Management Association (DIMA).

Aircraft leasing
The IFSC is the largest aircraft leasing hub in the world with 14 of the top 15 aircraft lessors headquartered in Ireland (including AerCap, GECAS, SMBC and Avolon) and circa 50% of the world's fleet of leased aircraft is managed through IFSC companies. Unlike some other IFSC sectors, the Aircraft Leasing sector includes high margin activities such as origination and financing as well as accounting and administration. While the sector employs around 5,000 people (1,700 directly) (versus Fund Administration at almost 10,000 jobs), and pays less than €40m in Irish corporate tax it is estimated to provide over €500m annually to the Irish Economy (from salaries and fees) making it one of the most valuable sectors in the IFSC. In May 2019, figures from the Department of Finance showed that since 2012, the net assets of the aircraft leasing industry in Ireland was close to zero (€141 billion in Irish domiciled aircraft assets offset by €141 billion in offshore financing); and that the aircraft leasing industry paid only €54 million in Irish corporation tax in 2018. The average salary of employees in the aircraft leasing sector is estimate to be in the region of €165,000.

The closest related trade body for the IFSC Aircraft Leasing sector is the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) (not exclusively IFSC focused). Aircraft Leasing Ireland (ALI) also represents the sector and is a constituent part of Financial Services Ireland (FSI) and ultimately of Ibec.

Corporate treasury
The corporate treasury sector primarily consists of small IFSC subsidiaries of large non-financial multi-national services organisations (e.g. Pfizer, Xerox), which serve as a hub for in-house treasury functions (i.e. cash pooling, fx hedging), for their global parent and sometimes serving as shared services centres serving multiple locations and functions (providing administration and bookkeeping functions). The level of Irish corporation tax paid by these hubs is close to €200m per annum, making it more valuable to the Irish Economy than the higher-profile IFSC Securitisation sector.

Payments processing
This is a more diverse sector that covers classic payments companies (US credit card processing companies like Visa and MasterCard), internet and fintech payments companies (i.e. PayPal, Stripe), and other niche payment processors (i.e. Fexco, TransferMate, Realex Payments, Prepaid Financial Services). The attraction is Ireland's beneficial tax regime for contract manufacturing (previously developed for the pharmaceutical sector in Ireland) which makes Ireland a low / zero tax centre for handling payments.

The closest trade body for the IFSC Payments sector is the Fintech Payments Association of Ireland (FPAI) (not exclusively IFSC focused).

Private equity and venture capital
Private equity and private credit firms with offices and investment professionals in Ireland are mainly operated and funded by large American private equity organisations such as KKR, Carlyle Group and Oaktree Capital Management. Additionally, investments and acquisitions are also made by non-domestic firms such as Brookfield Asset Management's €120M takeover of Imagine Communications, Insight Partner's purchase of a €100m stake in the AMCS Group (in conjunction with the ISIF) and Apollo's takeover of Ireland's largest hotel chain Tifco in a €600m deal in 2018.

Domestic private equity firms include Renatus and most notably Causeway Capital who were responsible for the rescue of Patisserie Valerie in February 2019.

The trade body for the private equity and venture capital industry is the Irish Venture Capital Association (IVCA).

Technology expansion
The 2015 IFSC III phase saw the "financial" IFSC merge with the neighbouring Grand Canal Dock and Dublin Docklands areas; comprising major offices of global technology multinationals including Google, Facebook, and Amazon. Since the 2015 expansion, the term "International Services Centre" (ISC) is sometimes used.

Some of the biggest offices in the IFSC are the law firms (e.g. Matheson, A&L Goodbody, McCann Fitzgerald, and William Fry), and accounting firms (e.g. PwC, KPMG, Deloitte, and EY), who advise both the financial multinationals and technology multinationals, operating in the Greater Dublin Area.

The legal structures created by IFSC law and accounting firms for securitization (e.g. Section 110 SPVs, and QIAIFs), became important to the tax structuring of US technology firms in the IFSC. Such structures are part of a suite of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) tools that enable US technology firms to achieve an effective tax rate (ETR) of under 4% on all non-US global profits shifted to Ireland (see here). PwC Ireland managing partner, Feargal O'Rourke, was credited as creating the Double Irish BEPS tool, while Matheson have also been identified an important developer of US tax structures in Ireland.

With the closure of the Double Irish arrangement in 2020, the most important BEPS tool in the IFSC is the Capital Allowances for Intangible Assets (CAIA) BEPS tool. Apple used the CAIA BEPS tool in Q1 2015 to execute the largest BEPS action in history, causing the Leprechaun economics revision of Irish GDP data.

IFSC tax law firms market the sub–2.5% Irish effective tax rates that the CAIA BEPS tool can deliver for technology multinationals in the IFSC, on all their worldwide income that is shifted to Ireland. In 2018, the European Parliament GUE/NGL group called the CAIA tool, the "Green Jersey" BEPS tool.

The CAIA BEPS tool requires multinationals to create virtual internal intellectual property (IP) assets in offshore locations (e.g. Apple used Jersey). These virtual IP assets are purchased, via intergroup loans, by the Irish subsidiary. The CAIA tool allows the Irish subsidiary to write-off this intergroup purchase against future Irish taxes. An internationally reputable accounting firm is needed to stand over the "valuation" of the virtual group IP asset in the multinational's GAAP accounts.

"'It is hard to imagine any business, under the current [Irish] IP regime, which could not generate substantial intangible assets under Irish GAAP that would be eligible for relief under [the Irish] capital allowances [for intangible assets scheme].' 'This puts the attractive 2.5% Irish IP-tax rate within reach of almost any global business that relocates to Ireland.'"

GFCI ranking (2007–2019)
The IFSC, classed as "Dublin", appears in the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI), a ranking of the competitiveness of over 100 global financial centres based on over 29,000 financial centre assessments from an online questionnaire together with over 100 indices from organisations such as the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Economist Intelligence Unit. The index was started in 2007 and is published twice a year; the IFSC (or Dublin) reached a high of ninth in GFCI6, and a low of 73rd in GFCI16.

Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)
The Xinhua–Dow Jones International Financial Centers Development Index (IFCD) was a ranking of circa 45 major global financial centres, and was compiled annually by the Xinhua News Agency of China with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and Dow Jones & Company of the United States from 2010 to 2014; the IFSC (or Dublin) ranked 37th overall of 45 centres in the final 2014 IFCD Index.

Tax haven concerns

IFSC growth is closely related to concern regarding tax issues, and Ireland as a tax haven, estimated in 2018 by academics to be the world's largest tax haven. The role that the major IFSC accounting and IFSC law firms have played in creating Irish tax haven-type legal structures, including Double Irish, Single malt, and Capital allowances for intangible assets (CAIA) BEPS tools, as well as Section 110 SPV, QIAIF and ICAV zero-tax legal structures, has been chronicled.

For example, PwC Ireland, one of the largest professional services firms in the IFSC, was identified in 2013 by Bloomberg as the "great architect" of the Double Irish arrangement, the largest known legal tax avoidance structure in history, responsible shielding over US$100 billion annually from taxation.

In addition, Matheson, who state that they have the largest corporate tax group of all IFSC law firms, was identified in 2013 by the Wall Street Journal as the headquarters of 125 major US multi-nationals seeking to benefit from the Irish tax system, and avoid US corporate taxes.

The IFSC's reputation as a global centre of tax haven activities, has seen several of the "offshore magic circle" law firms set up in offices in the IFSC.

IFSC firms have also been associated with helping foreign firms avoid Irish taxes on Irish assets. In 2016, it was discovered US distressed debt funds used IFSC Section 110 securitization vehicles to avoid Irish taxes on their Irish investments (see vulture fund Irish tax avoidance), supported by IFSC law and accounting firms, It was estimated these US distressed funds would avoid €20 billion in Irish taxes from 2016 to 2026 on circa €40 billion of Irish investments made from 2012 to 2016 (which represented circa €80 billion in headline Irish loan balances). Matheson was exposed as using children's charities to hide their client's Section 110 SPVs.

The IFSC's growth has led to Ireland's rise in global league tables of tax havens,  and seen Ireland "black listed" by countries such as Brazil.

There is evidence IFSC SPVs are used for circumvention of global sanctions, tax avoidance,    and money laundering.

Research in 2017–2018 by Trinity College Dublin finance Professor Jim Stewart, and Cillian Doyle, showed many IFSC SPVs are unregulated brass plate structures attracting little oversight by the Revenue Commissioners or Central Bank of Ireland, and with local individuals holding hundreds of SPV directorships. The International Monetary Fund ("IMF") has noted the same concern regarding governance of IFSC SPVs (and FCVs). In 2018, a former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland stated that the risks from abuses of IFSC SPVs was not fully appreciated by the Irish Government.

Notable IFSC corporate offices
Fund Administration and Custodial Services
 * State Street Corporation
 * BNY Mellon
 * Citibank
 * Northern Trust
 * Bank of America
 * JPMorgan Chase
 * US Bancorp

Banking & Insurance
 * HSBC
 * AIG
 * BNP Paribas
 * Wells Fargo

Investment Banking
 * Davy Group
 * Goodbody Stockbrokers
 * Cantor Fitzgerald

Aviation and Aircraft Leasing
 * AerCap
 * Avolon
 * GECAS
 * SMBC Aviation Capital
 * Irelandia Investments - (developer of low cost carriers including Ryanair, Tiger Airways and VivaColombia

Trading
 * Citadel LLC
 * Susquehanna International Group
 * Credit Suisse
 * Investment Technology Group (Acquired by Virtu Financial)
 * Ion Trading Group (Fidessa, Dealogic and Acuris)
 * Corvil (acquired by Pico)
 * Geneva Trading

Fintech and Regtech
 * First Derivatives
 * Fenergo
 * TransferMate - part of the Taxback Group
 * Fexco incorporating a majority shareholding in Goodbody Stockbrokers
 * CurrencyFair
 * Stripe

Managed Futures
 * Abbey Capital

Family Offices
 * Elkstone Capital - various HNWI
 * Island Capital - Denis O'Brien family office
 * International Investment & Underwriting (IIU) - Dermot Desmond family office

Private Credit
 * Guggenheim Partners
 * Blackstone (GSO Capital Partners) - acquired Harbourmaster Capital Partners
 * GoldenTree Asset Management
 * Atlantic Capital Management
 * Bain Capital

Private Equity
 * KKR (formerly Avoca Capital)
 * Renatus
 * Carlyle Cardinal Ireland (CCI)
 * Causeway Capital
 * Lioncourt

Venture Capital
 * Draper Espirit

Supermancos - in order of AUM(€bn)
 * Carne Global Fund Managers
 * Northern Trust Fund Services
 * Goodbody Stockbrokers Fund Management
 * Link Fund Manager Solutions
 * Davy Group Investment Fund Services
 * DMS Investment Management Services
 * KBA Consulting
 * MPMF Fund Management (part of the Maples Group)


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