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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Family and relationships

Domestic discipline
This WikiProject seems inactive, but if someone is still watching this page, please take a look at Articles_for_deletion/Domestic_discipline. This seems the most specific project to leave notice given that it lists domestic violence on the project page. VG ☎ 13:48, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Inactive
It seems to me this project is inactive... comments? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 21:17, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I was just wondering that myself...I came to ask about a couple articles, actually, but I guess there's really no one to answer... Ks0stm (T•C•G) 01:07, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Looking for Good Article reviewers for sociology of family student articles
I'd appreciate any help with reviewing articles by my students around late November. See details here. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 18:48, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Family Economics Wikipedia:USEP/Courses/Labor/Gender II: Economics of Gender (Gunseli Berik)
I am planning to revise the article family economics. I thought it is a suitable topic for being under the wiki project Family and Relationships, since the article is focusing on economics aspects of family and relationships. So I suggest to bring this article under this wiki project. Family economics is a subject that has been developed in last few decades and there are many resources that could be used to develop the article. Currently the article is pretty much like an outline of a more developed encyclopedia article. I think the subjects that are stated in the article can be a starting point from which further development. I am planning to put the marriage, or formation of family, division of labor within the family and history of family as three possible sections that could be added to the article. I would really appreciate any general ideas on the contribution i am planning to make. One subject where I am not certain is the children. I think I may add another section on the role of children in the family, or I can cover the role of children within the family family in other sections. Also I think I might add how economics of family is related to macroeconomic policies, like welfare programs, or social movements like feminism, or socialism. However I think I might overextend the article by doing then. If you have any advice on these particular subjects where i have confusion, I would like to hear that.

Kerem Cantekin (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:12, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

Requests for comment/Abortion advocacy movement coverage ready for community feedback
Requests for comment/Abortion advocacy movement coverage, an RFC that will affect the title of the articles currently titled Support for the legalization of abortion and Opposition to legal abortion if consensus is found in favor of its conclusions, is now in its community feedback phase and ready for editors to register opinions and arguments. Please add your feedback; thanks! —chaos5023 (talk) 17:30, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

Portal:Society at peer review
Portal:Society is now up for portal peer review, the review page is at Portal peer review/Society/archive1. I've put a bit of effort into this as part of a featured portal drive related to portals linked from the top-right corner of the Main Page, and feedback would be appreciated prior to featured portal candidacy. Thank you for your time, — Cirt (talk) 02:41, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Portal:Society for featured portal consideration
I've nominated Portal:Society for featured portal candidacy, discussion is at Wikipedia:Featured portal candidates/Portal:Society. Thank you for your time, — Cirt (talk) 22:27, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
 * '''Portal:Society

Family Economics Wikipedia:USEP/Courses/Labor/Gender II: Economics of Gender (Gunseli Berik)
I have completed my revision of family economics article. If you give me any feedback I will be appreciated. 155.97.18.137 (talk) 17:57, 4 December 2012 (UTC) Kerem Cantekin (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:20, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

Expansion of "Sterilization (medicine)" article
As part of a class project, my partner and I want to revise the "Sterilization (medicine)" article. Because the current article only mentions sterilization methods and psychological effects (which are well done by the way), we plan to add sections, some of which we've outlined below:

2. Affected populations-we'll look at which groups that tend to be sterilized and break down the populations into categories if there are relevant trends. Ex: Women who are sterilized vs. men who are sterilized; investigating whether certain races are more likely to participate in sterilization; etc. 2.1 Gender 2.2 Race 2.3 Socio-economic status

3. Effects-expanding this section to cover more than just psychological effects. 3.1 Physical 3.2 Psychological 3.3 Familial 3.4 Community and Beyond

We're especially interested in how sterilization affects women's status within families and the greater community. We target women specifically because of their substantial role in the childbearing and childrearing process. As much of our focus will be on familial and communal relationships, we believe that our page will appropriately fit within this WikiProject. We are open to feedback and constructive criticism about how we can best improve this article.

Several of our sources are studies that look into the relationship between family planning and sterilization (Abell 1987; Banerjee and Duflo 2011; Short, Linmao and Wentao 2000) as well as relations between men and women regarding sterilization (Char, Saavala and Kulmala 2009).

ThatRavengirl (talk) 21:23, 5 March 2013 (UTC) and Mariapickett

Proposed new entry titled "Maternity leave (United States)"
The WikiProject Family and relationships seeks to ensure that articles relating to familial issues are well-organized and written. In compliance with this mission, as part of a school project, I intend to create a new entry delving into maternity leave policy within the United States with the hope of ultimately including it in this particular WikiProject. Maternityleave would be an appropriate addition to this WikiProject community as it intimately influences parental practices and overall family life. These policies tremendously impact both childhood development and gender equality. Despite its profound influence on American society, many individuals are often ignorant about many aspects of maternity leave policy. Wikipedia's dearth of relevant information on United States maternity leave does not align with the topic's particular significance and prevalence. Therefore, with the page's enhancement and addition to this WikiProject, I hope to raise awareness about maternity leave within the United States. Primarily through the use of scholarly articles and policy reports, I intend to create an entirely new page delving into the history of maternity leave, its current legal and legislative framework, and its impact on American society. Given the gravity of this topic, I recognize that I likely will need assistance throughout the project. Therefore, I encourage all feedback and suggestions on any aspect of my proposal. Specifically, I welcome source recommendations and suggestions of other Wikipedia articles relevant to my topic. Moreover, while outside of the scope my project, I hope that other editors choose to create similar maternity leave pages for other countries along with the United States. This will allow the easy comparison of various maternity leave systems and thus prove incredibly useful to the Wikipedia community. Thank you for all considerations.

Mwtwgt (talk) 23:28, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Domestic violence
I plan to edit the article, Domestic violence in Chile. While this article is specific to a certain area, WikiProject Family and Relationships generally lacks information on violence in the home. Addressing this issue raises awareness regarding a particularly important issue relative to relationships. As I edit this article, I plan to include details on the economic impacts of domestic violence. Although I will be targeting Chile, these economic impacts are applicable to essentially all areas affected by domestic violence. Socioeconomic status and cultural correlations with domestic violence will also by analyzed in the updated article.

Mtdillman (talk) 04:26, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Proposed revisions to population mobility article
Hello! I am a student at Rice university and am working to revise the current population mobility article. I'm updating the article to show how the ability to travel and relocate effects the dynamics families and women in particular. Wikipedia currently lacks information on geographic mobility outside the US, and does not look at how the ability to travel can change the dynamic of a community. The current Population mobility article focuses only on demographic measures of population mobility and the technical definition of mobility in the US Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey. Do you think this idea fits under population mobility, or does it work better in another article? Has this information been covered under another family article that I did not find? Also, let me know if you have any advice about writing a well-balanced and well-supported article about family. Thanks! matt.9.johnson (talk) 22:07, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

RfC on title of Sarah Brown (wife of Gordon Brown)
Hi, there is an RM/RfC here that may be of interest to this project. --Obi-Wan Kenobi (talk) 01:54, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Reliable source usage
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Asian Americans. RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 02:04, 24 June 2013 (UTC)

When God Writes Your Love Story
The article about the dating-and-marriage book When God Writes Your Love Story is a current featured article candidate. Any constructive comments you would be willing to provide at the discussion would be greatly appreciated. Neelix (talk) 19:14, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

Divorce law in China
Divorce law in China should be deleted or substantially improved. Discuss at Talk:Divorce law in China. -- Alan Liefting (talk - contribs) 20:46, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Proposal to move family name to surname. Come weigh in, but (a) kindly read the existing discussion first and (b), if you feel that family name is distinct from surname, kindly be able to articulate how. — Llywelyn II   04:47, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Same‐sex marriage in Utah RfC
There is an RfC here on whether to include purple as a new map‐color for Utah — Info por favor (talk) 00:15, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Legality of child marriage map
This map needs a lot of work..! --Prcc27 (talk) 06:48, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

Leaflet for Wikiproject Family and Relationships at Wikimania 2014
Hi all,

My name is Adi Khajuria and I am helping out with Wikimania 2014 in London.

One of our initiatives is to create leaflets to increase the discoverability of various wikimedia projects, and showcase the breadth of activity within wikimedia. Any kind of project can have a physical paper leaflet designed - for free - as a tool to help recruit new contributors. These leaflets will be printed at Wikimania 2014, and the designs can be re-used in the future at other events and locations.

This is particularly aimed at highlighting less discoverable but successful projects, e.g:

• Active Wikiprojects: Wikiproject Medicine, WikiProject Video Games, Wikiproject Film

• Tech projects/Tools, which may be looking for either users or developers.

• Less known major projects: Wikinews, Wikidata, Wikivoyage, etc.

• Wiki Loves Parliaments, Wiki Loves Monuments, Wiki Loves ____

• Wikimedia thematic organisations, Wikiwomen’s Collaborative, The Signpost The deadline for submissions is 1st July 2014 For more information or to sign up for one for your project, go to: Project leaflets Adikhajuria (talk) 12:44, 27 June 2014 (UTC)

The Rotten Kid Theorem
Hiya. I just mostly rewrote the article on Becker's Rotten Kid Theorem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_kid_theorem

Since it's marked as being part of this project, and I'm "intimately" acquainted with the subject matter, I'd like to object a bit. I mean, that theorem is a thought experiment in formal economics. It's nice as hell in the formal analysis of altruism and mechanism design and whatnot. And sure, it originated in work which was markedly and foremost about family and relationships.

But I don't think it really qualifies for this Wikiproject, directly. Family economics does, and many of the other subjects which which come close to it. But not this kind of a singular though experiment. This is the kind of stuff you want to bump into after reading into the more noteworthy and topical material, and not something you'd want to see in any topic listing before that.

I'd say it's almost comparable to something like the EMH ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis ), which *too* is fully applicable within a family. In so many ways even. But since it isn't *specific* to family life, I wouldn't take it in as part of the WikiProject, either. And thus I'd advocate for removing the Rotten Kid Theorem article as well; keeping it as part of an easily reached categorization or link cloud having to do with family economics, absolutely, but nixing it from the project an sich at the uppermost level. Decoy (talk) 00:41, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
Hello there! As you may already know, most WikiProjects here on Wikipedia struggle to stay active after they've been founded. I believe there is a lot of potential for WikiProjects to facilitate collaboration across subject areas, so I have submitted a grant proposal with the Wikimedia Foundation for the "WikiProject X" project. WikiProject X will study what makes WikiProjects succeed in retaining editors and then design a prototype WikiProject system that will recruit contributors to WikiProjects and help them run effectively. Please review the proposal here and leave feedback. If you have any questions, you can ask on the proposal page or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you for your time! (Also, sorry about the posting mistake earlier. If someone already moved my message to the talk page, feel free to remove this posting.) Harej (talk) 22:47, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

merging template Polygamous marriage
I'd like to go ahead with the merge of Legal recognition of polygamy. I've listed the outline of what I plan to do on Template talk:Polygamous marriage. Martijn Hoekstra (talk) 11:14, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

RfC United States same-sex marriage map
I opened up an RfC for the U.S. same-sex marriage map due to the complicated situation of Kansas: RfC: How should we color Kansas?. Prcc27 (talk) 04:44, 9 December 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

Note: To receive additional notifications about WikiProject X on this talk page, please add this page to WikiProject X/Newsletter. Otherwise, this will be the last notification sent about WikiProject X.

Harej (talk) 16:57, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

Wikipedia Primary School invitation
Hi everybody. On behalf of the teams behind the Wikipedia Primary School research project, I would like to announce that the article Domestic violence (of interest to this wikiproject) was selected a while ago to be reviewed by an external expert. We'd now like to ask interested editors to join our efforts and improve the article before March 15, 2015 (any timezone) as they see fit; a revision will be then sent to the designated expert for review (please see the article's talk page for details). Any notes and remarks written by the external expert will be made available on the article's talk page under a CC-BY-SA license as soon as possible, so that you can read them, discuss them and then decide if and how to use them. Please sign up here to let us know you're collaborating. Thanks a lot for your support! Elitre (WPS) (talk) 17:01, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Paternity fraud for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Paternity fraud is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Paternity fraud until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Warm Worm (talk • contribs) 01:59, 14 May 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Meitiv family for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Meitiv family is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Meitiv family until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 04:57, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

List of people with the most children listed at Requested moves
A requested move discussion has been initiated for List of people with the most children to be moved to Lists of people by number of children. This page is of interest to this WikiProject and interested members may want to participate in the discussion here. —RMCD bot 23:16, 28 May 2015 (UTC)

Scientific American source/prevalence of domestic violence data at the Domestic violence article
Opinions are needed on the following matter: Talk:Domestic violence A WP:Permalink for it is here. Flyer22 (talk) 05:55, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

Men Going Their Own Way listed at Requested moves
A requested move discussion has been initiated for Men Going Their Own Way to be moved to MGTOW. This page is of interest to this WikiProject and interested members may want to participate in the discussion here. —RMCD bot 19:00, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
 * To opt out of RM notifications on this page, transclude, or set up Article alerts for this WikiProject.

Article alerts
FYI Article alerts have been added to this wikiproject. The list should be available next time the aalertsbot runs. Ottawahitech (talk) 15:46, 4 January 2016 (UTC)please ping me

Merger proposal
It has been proposed that Japan foreign marriage be merged into Mail-order bride. Please comment at Talk:Japan foreign marriage.  ミーラー強斗武   (StG88ぬ会話) 07:54, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

Polygyny
Please provide comment at Talk:Polygyny. (This project is being pinged because the topic-in-question is listed as a topic under this WikiProject's umbrella.) --Izno (talk) 13:49, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

Child marriage and Teen marriage articles
Opinions are needed on Talk:Child marriage/Archive 1 and Talk:Teen marriage. The first discussion concerns changes made to the article's terminology, the use of images and whether or not to merge the article. And the second discussion concerns whether or not the lead image is appropriate for the article. Permalinks here and here. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:21, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

Invitation
Mvolz (talk) 16:49, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

User script to detect unreliable sources
I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. Some of you may already be familiar with it, given it is currently the 39th most imported script on Wikipedia. The idea is that it takes something like and turns it into something like
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from cite web, cite journal and doi.

The script is mostly based on WP:RSPSOURCES, WP:NPPSG and WP:CITEWATCH and a good dose of common sense. I'm always expanding coverage and tweaking the script's logic, so general feedback and suggestions to expand coverage to other unreliable sources are always welcomed.

Do note that this is not a script to be mindlessly used, and several caveats apply. Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable.

-   Headbomb {t · c · p · b}

This is a one time notice and can't be unsubscribed from. Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:01, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:Family structure in the United States
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:Family structure in the United States that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. ASUKITE 18:31, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program course assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at University of Utah supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2013 Spring term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:54, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

FAR for Reactive attachment disorder
User:Buidhe has nominated Reactive attachment disorder for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets the featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" in regards to the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 19:32, 8 December 2023 (UTC)


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Category:David Letterman

This category comprises articles about David Letterman and his late night talk shows Late Night with David Letterman and Late Show with David Letterman.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:David Letterman


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Gumshoe (video game)

Gumshoe is a light gun shooter video game developed and published by Nintendo for the VS. System arcade hardware and the Nintendo Entertainment System console. It was released in 1986 in North America and in 1988 in Europe. Unusual for a Nintendo game, it was not released in Japan. It was designed by Yoshio Sakamoto.

Plot
Mr. Stevenson is an ex-FBI agent turned detective. He receives a ransom note from a mafia boss, King Dom, who has kidnapped Stevenson's daughter, Jennifer. Stevenson must collect five "Black Panther diamonds" within 24 hours in order to see his daughter again.

Gameplay
Mr. Stevenson walks continuously to the right and will jump if shot with the NES Zapper. The player must also shoot enemies as they appear on screen. Shooting Mr. Stevenson to make him jump will not subtract from the player's ammunition. Shooting obstacles, or an empty area, however, will subtract one bullet from the total. Grabbing red balloons will add bullets to Mr. Stevenson's arsenal.

Gumshoe contains four levels, and each level includes a secret bonus area that can be accessed by attaining at least twenty balloons before passing the section of the level that transitions into the bonus area.

Release
The release date changed several times. It was first scheduled for June 1986, was later changed to August 1986, but actually released in September.

Reception
In a 2015 article for Uproxx, Nathan Birch ranked Gumshoe as the worst of the NES black box releases, criticizing its game mechanics and its "instant-kill pits", while calling it "one of those lousy Zapper games where you have to protect a dumbass character who trudges forward constantly, oblivious to the dangers around them." In 2023, Garrett Martin of Paste ranked Gumshoe fourth on a list of the NES's eighteen Zapper games. Martin called Gumshoe the "weirdest" and "most fascinating" game on the list but also the most difficult, writing, "it's so hard that most will probably lose interest before finishing the first stage."

In 2013, Simon Parkin of IGN included Gumshoe on a list of the ten "best, most important, most interesting or most unusual lesser-known titles" by famous video game developers. Parkin noted that Gumshoe represented Yoshio Sakamoto's interest in exploring "murky, foreboding scenarios" that contrasted with other Nintendo games. Calling it "one of the most curious genre mash-ups of the era", he wrote that the game's combination of the Zapper with platforming gameplay "demonstrates Sakamoto’s restless creativity" and considered the game notable as "an early precursor to the so-called Endless Runner that has found huge popularity on iOS in recent years."

title: Gumshoe (video game)


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Talk:Boston Strangler

Old discussion
He died on November 25, and was found on November 26 in his cell.

While "Unsolved Mysteries" suggests there was another killer, & deSalvo knew him, the book The Boston Strangler (1968?) mentions the first (or first 3) vics were all in their 60s, while later ones were in their 20s. It may not be a rule, but cert rule of thumb among profilers

Isn't it true that Roy Smith was convicted of a murder that they only now credit to the Boston Strangler? A writer and reporter from Belmot, Mass., has a book on this, in fact.

Here is an excerpt from a 1963 Time article on this woman...

 * Bessie Goldberg, 62, wife of a real estate man, lay on the living-room floor of her Dutch-colonial home in Belmont, a well-to-do Boston suburb. Around her neck was a nylon stocking that had been stripped from her left leg. She was dead. Headlined the Boston Herald: HOUSEWIFE TENTH STRANGLE VICTIM.The ten women, all from the Boston area, have been strangled in the past nine months, throwing the city into panic. The Animal Rescue League cannot keep up with the demand for watchdogs. Hardware stores report a run on chain locks. Detectives have combed the dossiers of more than 2,000 known sex offenders.... Thenewsgeek 23:32, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It's sort of true, and it's worth including in the article. CNN has a story today on this subject here. | Mr. Darcy talk 00:18, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

This article is terrible
F. Lee Bailey's book THE DEFENSE NEVER RESTS was published in 1971, not 1995. Why such a long mention of a psychic and no mention of Brooke's political ambitions and how they may have effected his handling (i.e. the "solving" of the case)? Why isn't the place of DeSavlo's alleged 1964 assault mentioned? This is a really bad article. Why? Shemp Howard, Jr. (talk) 02:26, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Putting DeSalvo's vital statistics in the article is unconscionable
The Boston Strangler murders are unsolved. And I can't think of anyone other than Bailey (and what source that is) that would contend that De Savlo is the strangler, or even that there was one strangler. Putting DeSalvo's vital statistics in the article is unconscionable as it violates the policy against having a neutral point of view. Shemp Howard, Jr. (talk) 02:26, 27 June 2012 (UTC) Shemp Howard, Jr. (talk) 02:26, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I (partially) agree. DeSalvo has never been proven to be the Boston Strangler.  His claim to be the actual murderer is widely accepted with skepticism.  In any event, it is highly contentious and controversial.  Many in law enforcement believe that the Boston Strangler murders were actually the work of several different murderers (not one man).  DeSalvo's name and information should not be in the info box in this article.  That is highly misleading; it would lead a reader to believe that DeSalvo is in fact the Boston Strangler, a claim hotly disputed and highly in doubt.   Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 04:22, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

Move
I have reverted the move of this page. Please discuss the move before doing it. Thanks!--Kungfu Adam (talk) 23:05, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

I think this should be merged with the article on Albert DeSalvo. The two articles are basically the same and I just fixed a redirect which sent "Albert Desalvo" to this article, so people are obviously mixing them already. Gregory j 01:03, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Request for Comments
This is a request for comments regarding the article. Substantial evidence has shown that Albert DeSalvo was NOT the Boston Strangler, nor a serial killer at all. I don't think it is appropriate to portray him as such, as the first sentence of the article does, nor to have "Boston Strangler" redirect to "Albert DeSalvo".

Oblyvia 08:47, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Could you please provide links or sources to this evidence? Hominidx 16:45, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Yep. http://www.unsolved.com/0216-Strangler.html : Explains that DNA proved he did not kill Mary Sullivan, the Strangler's 11th victim.

http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/boston/14.html : Explains that several people who saw the strangler before a killing could not identify DeSalvo. In fact, every witness failed to even claim to recognize DeSalvo in a photograph.

http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/boston/15.html : Explains that the only survivor of the attacks identified George Nassar, DeSalvo's jail mate, as possibly being the man who attacked her, but was absolutely positive DeSalvo was not the man. She described her attacker as slender with sharp, thin features and honey-colored hair. DeSalvo was a large man with large features and black hair. Another witness said the exact same thing--that Nassar was possibly the man she saw, but DeSalvo was definitely not.

The book "The Boston Stranglers" by Susan Kelly provides a near complete transcript of Desalvo's confession, and points out the blatant errors in his descriptions. Interviews with the Boston Police Department lead to the conclusion that not only do the police not believe DeSalvo was the strangler, they also do not believe that any single person was. Too many differences in victim choice, MO and crime scene evidence force anyone with knowledge of serial killers to conclude there were at least 3 seperate killers at work. Oblyvia 05:43, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Parts of his confession are inconsistent but he was never cleared of all charges or found innocent in all murders attributed to the Boston Strangler, so language like "cracked the case" and "Showed that he was not the Boston Strangler" is inappropriate.

When a known rapist confesses to crimes and backs some of these claims up with knowledge only the killer should have, it takes more than an "expose" by some lady to exhonorate him. Witnesses not identifying the culprit, police suspecting someone else and the confessed possibly claiming other people's work as their own (which isn't all that uncommon) does not "prove" the innocence of a man that died claiming to be guilty, especially in an encyclopedia.

Unless it's been proven (not suggested or speculated) that he didn't kill any of the victims attributed to the BS, then he is the Boston Strangler. He seems to have killed at least 2 of the victims and no one else has been convicted of the other crimes. Perhaps you should reword to say he most likely didn't kill all, or possibly any (though I find this a stretch) of the supposed BS victims as he claimed, but stating emphatically that he is not the Boston Strangler and that this has been proven is misleading. 68.166.68.84 22:13, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I agree ... though there were discrepancies in the confessions there were also a lot of accuracies not all of which had been made public. So he either got these from 'the real strangler' ( many speculate that it could have been his cell mate George Nassar) or he was the strangler for at least some of the attributed murders. Confessing to additional crimes that he may not have committed ( not unusual for killers who may want to use insanity as a defence) does not show that he didn't commit any of the crimes. In my view there are just too many co -incidences to declare Desalvo innocent of all the murders. The fact that he does not fit the pattern that behavioural profilers expect for a serial killer is also not a convincing reason to show innocence .. it is not an exact science. Doctorpete 10:13, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

In relation to whether to merge "Boston Strangler" with Albert de Salvo's biography, I disagree. Many people forget the name of the accused, but the phrase "The Boston Strangler" is ingrained in the American (and other nationalities) mind.

Herminio Flores, Ph. D. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:BCEC:5750:3CD2:853A:2436:C274 (talk) 23:21, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

Edits to victims
Seems there has been a huge amount of vandalism to the victims section, spanning several months. Someone care to get a verified list of the actual victims names?

yes there has! I have now reverted the list back to the original which the police believed to be correct at the end of their investigations.... until an official investigation shows it to be incorrect then I feel we have to stick to it. Doctorpete 11:10, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

I have now also added in the two missing alleged victims to complete the 13.Doctorpete 09:05, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Conflict of interest
A major issue exists with the addition of material by User:Csherman1 who, by inclusion of information regarding his own involvement in case, both on this page as well as the autobiography page he created (Casey sherman), stands to profit from mention in the article from sales of books that were included in the autobiography page. In addition, no citations or references are given for any of the material he has added. A POV issue also exists because of the wording used in the additions. For example, Casey Sherman led a high profile crusade, It was considered the Holy Grail in the case, Sherman then forged an unlikely alliance, etc. The subject of Sherman's involvement is already included in the article in a more neutral, less stellar manner in the following paragraph. This isn't a forum for self-promotion. I am removing his contribution for the second time and have tagged the article for conflict of interest. If necessary, I can open a CoI inquiry. Wildhartlivie (talk) 23:55, 3 February 2008 (UTC) I have added another victim thought to be connected with the Boston Strangler found in mysterious way.

? previously unknown victim
There has been the name 'Paula Lepro' added to the victim list ...... ? who was this .. I have not seen that name mentioned anywhere in the literature till now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Doctorpete (talk • contribs) 13:22, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

DNA link
This CNN report may be of interest. Roger Davies talk 07:08, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

Remove infobox?
Since there's already a WP:BIO article about DeSalvo, and the consensus seems to be that the two articles should not be merged, I'd like to suggest making this article less biography-like and more obviously an article about a series of crimes which may have been committed by more than one person. For starters, I'd like to suggest removing the Infobox from this article, since (1) it makes it look like a bio of DeSalvo (and I don't know of an appropriate Infobox template for a series of crimes); and (2) the DeSalvo article has its own "murderer" Infobox, and if these things are being counted, that's misleading. Any objections? --Rosekelleher (talk) 14:20, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I commented it out, hope that's okay. These two articles are so intertwined it's hard to know where to put what. Seems to me the DeSalvo article should be less about the case (with some of that info transferred here) and more about his early life and so on. --Rosekelleher (talk) 21:40, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Did police think it was all one person or not?
Under the “Events” section it first says (unsourced) that “police believe that one man was the perpetrator”, but later says police were unconvinced. Does anyone have reliable sources either way? Or that indicates police views changed over time? IllQuill (talk) 03:09, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boston Strangler


text: Category:Whistled languages

title: Category:Whistled languages


text:
De Grootste Nederlander

De Grootste Nederlander ('The Greatest Dutchman') was a public poll held in 2004 by the broadcasting company KRO of the Publieke Omroep. The series has the BBC's 100 Greatest Britons TV format. During the series, it included individual programmes on the top ten, with viewers having further opportunities to vote after each programme.

The recently assassinated politician Pim Fortuyn was announced as the winner in a live television broadcast on 15 November 2004, two weeks after Theo van Gogh was murdered. This was controversial, and was said to be an "embarrassing" choice by several journalists and historians. Later it became revealed that William of Orange had received the most votes in total, but only the votes that were tallied before the end of the live programme counted (the number of calls was so large that not all could be counted before the end of the show). And thus Fortuyn remained the official number one according to the rules, as announced originally.

From 11–50
Aletta Jacobs (1854–1929) (Feminist) Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) (Scientist) Annie M.G. Schmidt (1911–1995) (Writer) Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909–2004) (Monarch) Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1798–1872) (Politician, social reformer)  Majoor Bosshardt (1913–2007) (Prominent member of the Dutch Salvation Army) Anton Philips (1874–1951) (Businessman) Freddy Heineken (1923–2002) (Businessman)
Hannie Schaft (1920–1945) (World War II resistance fighter)

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (1880–1962) (Monarch)

Baruch de Spinoza (1632–1677) (Philosopher)

Toon Hermans (1916–2000) (Comedian, poet)

Prince Claus (1926–2002) (Prince of the Netherlands)

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547–1619) (Politician, executed)

Marco van Basten (1964–) (Football player)

Piet Pieterszoon Hein (1577–1629) (Admiral, national hero)

Joop den Uyl (1919–1987) (Politician)

Jan Adriaenszoon Leeghwater (1575–1650) (mill builder and hydraulic engineer)

Fanny Blankers-Koen (1918–2004) (Athlete)

Van Kooten en De Bie (Comedians)

Hugo de Groot (1583–1645) (Philosopher)

Johan de Witt (1625–1672) (Politician, murdered)

Anthony Fokker (1890–1939) (Aviation pioneer)

Multatuli (1820–1887) (Writer)

Prince Bernhard (1911–2004) (Prince of the Netherlands)

Wim Kok (1938–2018) (Politician)

M. C. Escher (1898–1972) (Graphical artist)

Marco Borsato (1966–) (Singer)

Eric Hazelhoff Roelfzema (1917–2007) (World War II resistance fighter)

DJ Tiësto (1969–) (DJ)

Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (1938–) (Monarch)

Titus Brandsma (1881–1942) (Priest, World War II resistance activist, murdered)

Cornelis Lely (1854–1929) (Scientist)

Hans Teeuwen (1967–) (Comedian)

Joseph Luns (1911–2002) (Politician)

Leontien van Moorsel (1970–) (Athlete)

Willem Kolff (1911–2009) (inventor of hemodialysis)

Godfried Bomans (1913–1991) (Writer)

Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928) (Scientist)

Abel Tasman (1603–1659) (Explorer)

From 51–100

Joop van den Ende (1942–) (Businessman)

André van Duin (1947–) (Comedian)

Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679) (Poet, Writer)

Rinus Michels (1928–2005) (Football Coach)

Mies Bouwman (1929–2018) (Television personality)

Willem Barentsz (Explorer) (c.1550–1597)

Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (1846–1919) (Politician)

Ruud Lubbers (1939–2018) (Politician)

Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994) (Economist)

Wim Sonneveld (1917–1974) (Comedian)

Joke Smit (1933–1981) (Feminist)

Frits Bolkestein (1933–) (Politician)

Jeroen Bosch (c.1450–1516) (Painter)

Johnny Kraaykamp, sr (1925–2011) (Actor)

Marga Klompé (1912–1986) (Politician, first female minister)

Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) (Painter)

Dick Bruna (1927–2017) (Writer, illustrator)

Albert Plesman (1889–1953) (Aviation pioneer)

Joop Zoetemelk (1946–) (Cyclist)

Hella Haasse (1918–2011) (Writer)

Thomas à Kempis (c.1380–1471) (Monk)

Koning-Stadhouder Willem III of Orange (1650–1702) (Stadholder of Holland, King of England)

Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer (1526–1588) (Resistance fighter in the Eighty Years' War)

Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923) (Scientist)

Wubbo Ockels (1946–2014) (Astronaut)

Anna Maria van Schurman (1607–1678) (17th century female genius)

Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738) (botanist, humanist and physician)

Ruud Gullit (1962–) (Football player)

Monique van de Ven (1952–) (Actor)

Freek de Jonge (1944–) (Comedian)

Anton Pieck (1895–1987) (Painter)

Boudewijn de Groot (1944–) (Singer)

Willem Frederik Hermans (1921–1995) (Writer)

Pieter Jelles Troelstra (1860–1930) (Politician)

Albert Heijn (1865–1945) (Businessman)

Paul de Leeuw (1962–) (Television personality)

Jac. P. Thijsse (1865–1945) (Environmentalist)

Jan Wolkers (1925–2007) (Writer)

Piet Mondriaan (1872–1944) (Painter)

Simon Stevin (1548–1620) (Scientist)

Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (1801–1876) (Politician)

Rutger Hauer (1944–2019) (Actor)

Harry Mulisch (1927–2010) (Writer)

Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920) (Politician)

Maarten Tromp (1598–1653) (Admiral, national hero)

Wim Kan (1911–1983) (Comedian)

Paul Verhoeven (1938–) (Director)

Belle van Zuylen (1740–1805) (Writer)

Ramses Shaffy (1933–2009) (Singer)

Abe Lenstra (1920–1985) (Football player)

From 101–202

Gerard Reve (1923–2006) (Writer)

Anton de Kom (1898–1945) (World War II resistance fighter of Surinamese descent, executed)

Max Euwe (1901–1981) (World Champion Chess)

Ko van Dijk (1916–1978) (Actor, director)

Gerrit van der Veen (1902–1944) (Sculptor, World War II resistance fighter, executed)

Hendrik Petrus Berlage (1856–1934) (Architect)

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) (Scientist)

Anton Geesink (1934–2010) (Athlete)

Bert Haanstra (1916–1997) (World War II resistance fighter, director)

Claudius Civilis (Hero of the Batavian rebellion)

C.H.D. Buys Ballot (1817–1890) (Scientist)

Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587–1629) (Admiral, Governor of the Dutch East Indies)

Samuel van Houten (1837–1930) (Politician)

Ard Schenk (1944–) (Athlete)

Nico Tinbergen (1907–1988) (Biologist, Nobel prize winner)

King Willem I of the Netherlands (1772–1843) (Monarch)

Mary Dresselhuys (1907–2004) (Actress)

Simon Carmiggelt (1913–1987) (Writer)

John de Mol (1955–) (Businessman)

Gerrit Rietveld (1888–1964) (Architect, designer)

Frank Martinus Arion (1936–2015) (Poet, writer, linguist)

Hans van Mierlo (1931–2010) (Politician)

Hadewych (Writer)

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–1621) (Composer)

Geert Groote (1340–1384) (Theologist)

Sonja Barend (1940–) (Feminist, television personality)

Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol (1741–1784) (Politician)

Jan van Speijk (1802–1831) (National hero)

Anton Corbijn (1955–) (Photographer)

Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1581–1647) (Poet, historian)

Bernard Haitink (1929–2021) (Conductor)

Willem van Loon (1891–1975) (Businessman)

Karel Appel (1921–2006) (Painter)

Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) (Historian)

Suze Groeneweg (1875–1940) (Politician)

Graaf Floris V (1254–1296) (Monarch)

Koning Louis Bonaparte (1778–1846)

L.E.J. Brouwer (1881–1966) (Mathematician)

Tobias Asser (1838–1913) (Lawyer, Nobel prize winner)

Rem Koolhaas (1944–) (Architect)

Jacob Cats (1577–1660) (Poet, politician)

Alexandra Radius (1942–) (Ballet dancer)

Eva Besnyö (1910–2003) (photographer)

Jan Rutgers (Activist)

Reinier Paping (1931–2021) (Athlete)

Paul Huf (1924–2002) (Photographer)

P. J. H. Cuypers (1827–1931) (Architect)

Paul Crutzen (1933–2021) (Scientist)

Samuel Sarphati (1813–1866) (Doctor)

Frits Fentener van Vlissingen (1882–1962) (Businessman)

Joris Ivens (1898–1989) (Director)

Pieter Brueghel (1525–1569) (Painter)

Frans Hals (1582–1666) (Painter)

Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) (Poet)

Olivier van Noort (1558–1627) (Explorer)

Hendrik Colijn (1869–1944) (Politician)

Willem Beukelszoon (Fisherman)

Viktor & Rolf (Designers)

Cornelis Verolme (1900–1981) (Businessman)

Lucebert (1924–1994) (Poet)

Sjoukje Dijkstra (1942–) (Athlete)

Henri Polak (1868–1943) (Politician)

Loe de Jong (1914–2005) (Historian)

Ed van der Elsken (1925–1990) (Photographer)

Hans van Manen (1932–) (Ballet dancer)

Theo Thijssen (1879–1943) (Writer)

Jan Steen (c.1626–1679) (Painter)

Anton Dreesmann (1923–2000) (Businessman)

Jaap Eden (1873–1925) (Athlete)

Willem Marinus Dudok (1884–1974) (Architect)

Johnny Jordaan (1924–1989) (Singer)

Benno Premsela (1920–1997) (Architect)

Louis Davids (1883–1939) (Comedian)

Marlene Dumas (1953–) (Painter)

Erwin Olaf (1959–) (Photographer)

Martinus Nijhoff (1894–1953) (Writer, poet)

Cristina Deutekom (1931–2004) (Singer)

Jacob Olie (1834–1905) (Photographer)

Willem de Kooning (1904–1997) (Painter)

Remco Campert (1929–) (Writer, poet)

Herman Gorter (1864–1927) (Poet)

Faas Wilkes (1923–2006) (Football player)

W.A. Visser ‘t Hooft (1900–1985) (Theologist)

Ada Kok (1947–) (Athlete)

Herman Daendels (1762–1818) (Politician)

Rudi Carrell (1934–2006) (Television personality)

Pierre Bokma (1955–) (Actor)

Louis Andriessen (1939–2021) (Composer)

Henk Hofland (1927–2016) (Reporter)

Jacob van Campen (1596–1657) (Architect)

Pieter Cort van der Linden (1846–1935) (Politician)

Jacob van Ruisdael (c.1629–1682) (Painter)

Theo van Doesburg (1883–1931) (Painter)

Pieter Jansz. Saenredam (1597–1665) (Painter)

Ootje Oxenaar (1929–2017) (Graphic artist)

Rineke Dijkstra (1959–) (Artist/Photographer)

Hendrik Doeff (1764–1837) (Dutch commissioner in the Dejima trading post)

Fons Rademakers (1920–2007) (Director)

Reinbert de Leeuw (1938–2020) (Conductor)

Erik de Vries (Television pioneer)

Jan Dibbets (1941–) (Artist)

Johan van der Keuken (1938–2001) (Director)

title: De Grootste Nederlander


text:
Central Standard Time (disambiguation)

Central Standard Time may refer to:

 * Central Standard Time (North America), UTC−06:00
 * Australian Central Standard Time, UTC+09:30
 * Central Standard Time/Vasil + Bluey, a split EP between bands The Get Up Kids and The Anniversary

title: Central Standard Time (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games/Collaboration of the week/Removed

This page contains nominations from the main Gaming Collaboration of the week page which have been removed due to lack of votes or because they're unsuitable nominations. If no reason is given for the removal of a nominated article, assume that there was not a sufficient amount of votes for it to proceed. Please note that removed articles may be renominated after two months of staying on this page. If you are adding new nominations here from Gaming Collaboration of the week, be sure to delete any tags on said page's talk page. Successful nominations are listed at the history page.

This page only tracks nominations for the past 2 to 3 months only.

Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Dark Crusade

 * Support:
 * 1) Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * This can use some tweaking Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

The Sims Bustin' Out

 * Support:
 * 1) Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * This can be enlarged Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Serious Sam

 * Support:
 * 1) Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * This too, can you some tweaking, some more date, etc. Dumoren (talk) 11:38, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

The Thing (video game)

 * Support:
 * 1) Dumoren (talk) 04:16, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * This can be heavily expanded. Dumoren (talk) 04:16, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Phantasy Star II

 * Support:
 * 1) ZFGokuSSJ1 17:14, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * Phantasy Star II is the best example of one of the best games ever made with the worst article on Wikipedia. I'd love to improve this dramatically. -ZFGokuSSJ1 17:14, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Mii

 * Support:
 * 1) Zooba 21:04, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Joiz A|A. Shmo 05:37, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * The Mii article is severly lacking in what needs to be added to it - references and sources, a history of the Mii design (something very much outlined by Miyamoto himself at GDC 2007), a comprehensive list of special Miis (something that might be growing soon with the inclusion of the Ronaldhino (spelling?) Mii in the Wii version Fifa '08), proper formatting, and a revision of the external links section. Zooba 21:04, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

FlatOut series

 * Support:
 * 1) MrStalker 08:53, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Xtreme racer 20:25, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * FlatOut is a very successful and popular racing series, but still hasn't got its own series-page. It would be nice to create one. MrStalker 08:53, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Breed (video game)

 * Support:
 * 1) DJ Barney 19:09, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Crossman33 22:33, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * This game fits into a wider development arc of squad games like Halo. I think further development and good use of wiki links as well as templates / lists could make this entry interesting and worthy. I have also entered the article into peer review as I was unsure of the editing style. It began as a very un-wiki'fied review style entry! I have tried to add more encyclopaedic elements but I wonder if it could do with a complete rewrite from scratch ? (If you re-write then notice the elements I have added... I think they're relevant ). DJ Barney 19:09, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Blake Stone

 * Support:
 * 1) ZFGokuSSJ1 00:57, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) ThunderPower 01:09, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * Blake Stone is one of the early innovators of the first-person-shooter genre; it should deserve a better article on Wikipedia. ZFGokuSSJ1 00:57, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Age of Mythology

 * Support:
 * 1) ~  Giggy!  Talk (reply here) 07:01, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) - Razor  ICE  11:46, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * Age of Mythology's article is in really bad shape, and the other relevant Wikiprojects aren't able to help it as much as a these guys could. ~ Giggy!  Talk (reply here) 07:01, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I've been doing quite a bit of work on this article, but I think it needs some help. Definitely a worthy game to be improved. -- Razor ICE  11:46, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

World Rally Championship Games

 * Support:
 * 1) Xtreme racer 05:26, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Comments:
 * I nominated this article because although I have improved the article to a better state it still needs a lot of work before it can become a proper video game article. Xtreme racer 05:26, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone is going to get killed in the stampede to remove that listcruft. - X201 09:27, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Rakuga Kids

 * Support:
 * 1) Mr. Christian 16:43, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * One of the few versus fighting games on the N64 and a decent game in its own right. Article lacks plot, character info and some gameplay details. Mr. Christian 16:43, 28 May 2007 (UTC)


text:
Retired Emperor

Retired Emperor, Grand Emperor, or Emperor Emeritus is a title occasionally used by the monarchical regimes in the Sinosphere for former emperors who had (at least in name) abdicated voluntarily to another member of the same dynasty, usually their sons. This title appeared in the history of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Although technically no longer the reigning sovereign, there were instances like the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China or several emperors of the Trần dynasty of Vietnam, where the retired emperor continued to exert considerable if not more power than the reigning emperor.

China
The title is named in Chinese as Taishang Huang. The title originated, however, from Liu Bang (Emperor Gao of Han)'s father Liu Taigong, who was honored as such after Liu Bang declared himself emperor in 202, even though Liu Taigong was never emperor himself.

Japan
In Japan the title was Daijō-tennō (kanji: 太上天皇; Hepburn: daijō-tennō), or just Jōkō (kanji: 上皇; Hepburn: jōkō). In Japan, there was a political system called Cloistered rule, in which Jōkō exerted power and influence from behind the scenes even after retirement.

The last Daijō-tennō died in 1840. During the 2019 Japanese imperial transition, the term Jōkō was revived as a special exception to the house law on retirement, and given the official English translation "Emperor Emeritus".

Korea
In Korean the title was Sang-hwang (Hangul: 상황; Hanja: 上皇), or sometimes even Taesang-hwang (hangul: 태상황; hanja: 太上皇). After 1897, when the Joseon dynasty became the dynasty of the Korean Empire, only two emperors were still to ascend to the throne. One was Emperor Gojong, who was forced to abdicate by the Japanese in 1907. However, he was given the title Tae-hwangje (Hangul: 태황제; Hanja: 太皇帝). Another emperor was Emperor Sunjong, but after the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910, the Imperial Household was demoted by the Empire of Japan.

Vietnam
In Vietnam the title was Thái thượng hoàng (Chữ Nôm: 太上皇), or just Thượng Hoàng (chữ Nôm: 上皇). Many there have been many prominent Thái thượng hoàng throughout the history of Vietnam, most of them was of the Trần dynasty, one of the golden ages of Vietnam. Trần Thái Tổ (陳太祖) was the first Thái thượng hoàng of the Trần dynasty, the father of Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) who had great contributions to the rise of the dynasty, was one of two Thái thượng hoàng in Vietnam's history who had not previously been Emperor. Another well-known Retired Emperor is Trần Nhân Tông (陳仁宗) of the same dynasty, whose reign was marked by multiple decisive victories over the invading Mongol-dominated Yuan dynasty, and was also the founder of Trúc Lâm Yên Tử (竹林安子), a Vietnamese zen Buddhist sect. Thái Thượng Hoàng typically hold significant power and influence over the Imperial Court and the governing of the country, though it was not the case for the Revival Lê dynasty, as Trịnh lords held real governing power while the Emperor was only a figurehead, making the power of Retired Emperors even more insignificant.

title: Retired Emperor


text:
Talk:Forrest S. Petersen

source
Some people can't find their behinds with both hands. The entire world is not listed on Googe. The NASA source for the text is here

Thanks for the link, sorry for the trouble. :) Krupo 03:25, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * public domain per us government source Accotink2  talk 18:45, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. Referencing and appropriate inline citation guidelines not met. --dashiellx (talk) 17:40, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Merge
i have redirected Forrest S. Peterson here, since it is the correct spelling. Accotink2 talk 19:10, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Forrest S. Petersen


text:
The Hill

The Hill most frequently refers to Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C., and entities named after it, including:

 * United States Congress, by metonymy
 * The Hill (newspaper), a U.S. political newspaper and digital news channel named after the metonym

The Hill may also refer to:

Australia

 * The Hill, New South Wales, a suburb of Newcastle
 * The Hill, a former grassed section of the Sydney Cricket Ground stadium, Sydney

Canada

 * The Hill, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, location of the Edmonton Folk Music Festival
 * Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Germany

 * The Hill, the slang designation for the United States Army Security Agency site located on the Teufelsberg (Devil's Mountain) in Berlin

Ireland

 * Hill 16, Dublin, Ireland, popular during Gaelic football matches

South Africa

 * The Hill, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa

United Kingdom

 * Hill Top, Cumbria, England
 * The Hill, Cumbria, England, a village in Millom Without
 * The Hill, a commonly used nickname for Knockhill Racing Circuit in Fife, Scotland

United States

 * The Hill, drive up California State Route 17 to San Jose, California area
 * The Hill, alternative name for Mokelumne Hill, California
 * The Hill, Boulder, a neighborhood and retail district in Boulder, Colorado
 * The Hill, New Haven, a neighborhood in New Haven, Connecticut
 * The Hill, a section of Chicago Heights, Illinois that is primarily Latino
 * The Hill, an NRHP building in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
 * The Hill, a nickname for Tower Hill Park in Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * The Hill, St. Louis, a historically Italian-American neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri
 * The Hill, what some people referred to Los Alamos, New Mexico as during World War II
 * The Hill, a nickname for Chapel Hill, North Carolina
 * The Hill, a distinctive grass-seating area of the student section at InfoCision Stadium–Summa Field at the University of Akron, Ohio
 * The Hill, a nickname for the Allison Hill neighborhood of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * The Hill, a nickname for The Hill District, a neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * The Hill, a distinctive grass-seating area of Memorial Stadium, Clemson, South Carolina
 * The Hill, Knoxville, an academic area of the University of Tennessee Knoxville
 * The Hill, a distinctive grass-seating area of Scott Stadium, Charlottesville, Virginia
 * The Hill, a nickname for Capitol Hill, Seattle, Washington

U.S. institutions

 * United States Congress, by metonymy from Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., site of the United States Capitol
 * The Hill School, a private boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania
 * Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
 * Hamilton College, Clinton, New York
 * University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, Arkansas
 * University of Michigan, a neighborhood of dormitories in Ann Arbor, Michigan
 * United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado
 * Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia
 * Warrenton Training Center Station B, a Central Intelligence Agency facility near Warrenton, Virginia

Books and media

 * The Hill (newspaper), est. 1994, a daily newspaper covering the U.S. Congress and American politics in general
 * The Hill, a 1905 school novel by Horace Annesley Vachell
 * T. H. E. Hill (born 1948), contemporary American author
 * The location of the home of Bilbo Baggins and Frodo Baggins in the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien

Films and television

 * The Hill (1965 film), in British Army military prison (Sean Connery, Ian Hendry, Ian Bannen, Michael Redgrave)
 * The Hill (TV series), a 2006 Sundance Channel documentary TV series
 * The urban neighborhood that is the center of action in the U.S. television series, Hill Street Blues
 * Hill TV, a website for The Hill YouTube channel associated with the newspaper
 * The Hill (2023 film), a biographical sports drama film

Music

 * The Hill (band), a band that recorded an album with Chris Farlowe
 * The Hill (Richard Buckner album)
 * The Hill (Travis Greene album)
 * The Hill (David Murray album)

Other

 * The Hill, a colloquialism for a pitcher's mound in baseball

title: The Hill


text:
Talk:History of Uganda (1963–1971)

This page needs an introductory paragraph. zoney ♣ talk 20:49, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Uganda since 1979 which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 17:30, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Uganda (1962–1963)
I think Uganda (1962–1963) should be merged into History of Uganda (1962–71). The two clearly have overlapping scope, and at the moment it seems better to merge into the latter than restrict the latter's scope to 1964 onwards. - Jarry1250 [Vacation needed] 17:35, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

It makes little sense to merge the article on Uganda (1962–1963), when the country enjoyed a dominion constitution with Westminster-style parliamentary government and the British monarch as head of state, with historical articles focused on the personalities of Milton Obote (1962-1971) and Idi Amin (1971-1979). I say keep the separate 1962-1963 article focusing on the formal and constitutional aspects of the nation's brief history as a British dominion. This is the approach taken by wikipedia articles about other former British dominions such as Ghana, Kenya, Tanganyika, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Malta. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:1970:5BA2:4A00:513D:D4FB:14B2:A54B (talk) 01:25, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

History
Typing 197.239.12.17 (talk) 00:44, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

History of 🇺🇬
Descusing 197.239.14.253 (talk) 00:46, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Uganda (1963–1971)


text:
Talk:Gwen Jacob

Research, anyone?
As I recollect, Ms. Jacobs was standing or strolling in a park, not walking down a street, and her case was dealt with under local or Provincial laws, not Federal. And it's not clear that "laws were changed", but rather than prosecutorial guidelines were adjusted. Oh, and it was in Guelph, Ontario. I'm sure enough about the Guelph bit that I'll put that in now, but it has to be said that this article seems to be, fact-wise, on the quality level of a half-heard conversation in an elevator... Sharkford 20:50, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC)

Name
Why is it "Jacobs" in article name and "Jacob" in text and in category sorting? Gene Nygaard 02:12, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Can someone pin down her real name?
I've seen the name Gwen Jacob and Gwen Jacobs used on non-Wikipedia articles. Currently Gwen Jacobs redirects to Gwen Jacob. Should it be the other way around? davidwr/ (talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail)  04:15, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Redirecting redirect
I have pointed this page at "Topfreedom_in_Canada#Gwen_Jacob", as that is a section of an article detailing what Gwen Jacob is notable for, and it even includes a picture. My apologies to all you voyeurs, though – it was evidently a cool day and she is not topless in the picture. Kelisi (talk) 17:56, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gwen Jacob


text:
Charles Maclay

Charles Maclay (November 9, 1822 – July 19, 1890) was a California state senator and is known for his act of purchasing a 56,000 acre land grant in 1874, what was known as San Fernando Rancho, and using the land to found the city of San Fernando, California in the San Fernando Valley.

History
Charles Maclay's heritage was Scots-Irish. He was the brother of Robert Samuel Maclay, a pioneer missionary to China; and the uncle of Robert Maclay Widney, a founder of the University of Southern California, and of Joseph Widney, the second president of the University of Southern California. Maclay was a Methodist minister.

Charles Maclay, an abolitionist, became a California State Assemblyman in the 7th District from Santa Clara County (1861-1863) and later a California State Senator (1867-1872).

In 1867, when the seat held by State Senator William J. Knox came open after Knox's unexpected death, The San Jose Mercury, campaigned for Maclay with the popular song "Wha'll be King but Charlie?" (Scots for "Who'll be king but Charlie.")

San Fernando Valley, California
In 1874, Maclay purchased a 56,000 acre land grant in 1874, what was known as San Fernando Rancho.

In 1882, cousins George K. Porter and Benjamin F. Porter, owner of future Porter Ranch, each received one-third of the total land. In 1885, Maclay founded the Maclay School of Theology, a Methodist seminary in his newly founded town of San Fernando, California. After his death it became an affiliate and moved to the campus of the University of Southern California before becoming the Claremont School of Theology in 1957.

Legacy

 * City of San Fernando
 * Claremont School of Theology
 * Charles Maclay Junior High School, Pacoima, California: in 1960, the High School opened in his honor. In the late 1990s the school was renamed the Charles Maclay Middle School. Their slogan is Home of the Scotsman and uniforms sport their school colors green, white, and grey.
 * Maclay Street is a central thoroughfare through the City of San Fernando, crossing from Laurel Canyon Boulevard to Pacoima Canyon Road.

title: Charles Maclay


text:
Talk:Bushranger

Bushrangers are only in Australia
Bushrangers are only in Australia because the woods as they would say in America in Australia they call it bush and rangers where bad people that either that got hanged or shot in prison and that is that why they call them bushrangers

"they are held in some esteem in some quarters, due to the harshness, pro-squatter outlook and anti-Catholicism of the colonial authorities whom they embarrassed and the romanticism of the lawlessness they represented."

Is this supposed to mean due to the harshness of the bush, the pro-squatter outlook of people who hold bushrangers in esteem, and that the colonial authorities were catholic (or anti-catholic)? --Nectarflowed 09:55, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It's meaning the colonial authorities were harsh, supported squatters (menaing if you bought land you couldn't guarantee you'd get to keep it), and were anti-Catholic (and anti-Irish). I think. The only thing I'm sure of is about the anti-catholicism of (primarily British/royalist) authorities--ZayZayEM 12:09, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It would be useful to cross-link this section to Social Bandit, which covers the broader thing of crims being made into local heroes. Obviously there are a few big edits in the works so I leave it to you guys to do it best; plus, I'm lazy. 19:56, 10 March 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.242.50.195 (talk)

ACOTF
OK, so it's been selected. Anyone got any guidance for what this article needs to become? personally, I think it should not be dominated by a list, but I'm all for List of Bushrangers being created with a very brief summary of what a bushranger is at the top, and some pictures of some of them.Garrie 04:55, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the history section need some expansion, with a better picture provided of the historical context which is too vague for a reader unfamiliar with the subject. Some more solid data regarding prevalence, laws, punishments etc would also be useful.  I think it is very important that there is more thorough analysis of the public attitude towards them, the sympathy and the romanticisation as this remains a part of australian culture to this day.  The current passage which deals with this has no citations and contains weasel words.  The entertainment section should include some further analysis of how this image has been sustained.  baby_ifritah 03:49, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * List needs to be booted out soon.--ZayZayEM 05:54, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Is this better?  Notable bushrangers

Garrie 05:52, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Internal links
I think some of the internal links should be reconsidered as they are not specifically relevant. A couple of suggestions - move convicts link to convictism in australia, move railways to History of rail transport in Australia. thoughts on this??? baby_ifritah 04:06, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Good work on pointing those links to more specific articles. The more specific a link can be the better usually.
 * What would help, is if someone could provide a reference for the heyday being the gold rush - I know it's obvious as someone who knows about Australian history, but would it be obvious to someone trying to learn about Australian history?Garrie 03:04, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Entertainment
Just wanted to let everyone know that I am currently reworking the Entertainment section to give it a bit more depth and some chronological structure. This will take me a few days but I will keep an eye on it so I incorporate any new additions others make. I haven't worked on a collaborative effort before so I'm not sure if it is usual to mention this but I thought it might be useful information for any editors who can't decide where they would like to focus their improvements. xx baby_ifritah 13:48, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * good on you for mentioning it here before you do anything major. During collaborations like this sometimes different ideas clash.
 * I don't particulalry think I did a good first effort at mentioning the concept and I don't think Entertainment is the best section heading, but Bushrangers were widespread inspiration for novels, poetry, songs, and film. This is covered in reasonable depth but it needs a thorough rewrite to be more inspirational.
 * I really think that without too much trouble we could end up with Bushrangers in Australian film and literature as a seperate article.Garrie 03:00, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I was thinking of renaming the heading "Bushrangers and Australian culture" Maybe too broad, but covers folklore, films, novels, songs, theme parks like Glenrowan, sporting team usage e.g. Victorian Bushrangers and the lasting effect the "cult" of the Bushranger had on Australian culture.--Mattinbgn/talk 03:18, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with that name, and not being a cricket-tragic, hadn't even thought of the use in sporting team names ;)
 * WTF is Glenrowan? I hope it's not in New South Wales or I'm really showing my ignorance!
 * Ned Kelly is a pretty widespread tattoo image. Dunno how we go about referencing that one though.Garrie 04:03, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Should have wikilinked Glenrowan, Victoria, Kelly Country. --Mattinbgn/talk 08:04, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Apologies for delay. Stupidly lost my work but I am currently working on it in a sandbox and it will be fairly comprehensive.  I will have it ready to post asap. xx  baby_ifritah 14:40, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Evolution
I'm currently lookuing at a 1975 book published on the history of bushranging. Hopefully I'll be able to input some stuff.

It seems to me that the term bushranger went through a bit of evolution, and first (and probably properly) refers to a concept far different from the modern day association with the Kellys.

 * first bushrangers were "bandits", escaped convicts, or "released" convicts escaping from the slave conditions they were released into. And forced to live of the land. The most villainous were, unsuprisingly in Tasmania (where the worst convicts were sent, and most harshly treated). Many died due to the wilderness of Australia, and blame was also placed on Aborigines.

 * as more colonisation occured, with the development of things such as regular mail carts, travelling salesmen, farm plots - bushrangers hadmore of a chance of survival and thrived in this period (1820-40s). There was now enough people in the bush to rob, but not enough to stop them. The urbanisation that led to them thriving also destroyed them.

 * as the article already mentions, urbanisation, particularly railways, of the bush led to bushranger demise. Police force was becoming more prevalent outside of the cities (perhaps due to ranger activities). This lead to the transformation from lone desparados, or small bands of villains - to the formation of coordinated gangs and organised crime and pseudo-revolutionaries, which is where the Kelly's probably fit in.

 * bushrangers pretty much were replaced with "gang" style organised crime, as with urbanisation came the urban criminals.--ZayZayEM 01:01, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The later part of this mirrors highwayman pretty much. Improved roads + increased commercial traffic -> greater demands that roads be policed -> end of the Bushranger / highwayman / western USA "outlaw" era.
 * The earlier part is, Bushrangers were "just" escapees who were more thieves than robbers (in that they most likely were opportunistic enough to steal without force being threatened or used). Garrie 02:50, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

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Captain Starlight wasn't Harry Re[a]dford
Captain Starlight is best known as the fictional character, which included exploits of Harry Redford and others. There was a real bushranger Frank Pearson who may have called himself Captain Starlight and maybe that is who should be listed in the table. Kerry (talk) 03:54, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bushranger


text:
William Horace Temple

William Horace (Bill) Temple (28 November 1898 – 9 April 1988), nicknamed "Temperance Bill" or "Temperance Willie",  was a Canadian socialist politician, trade union activist, businessman and temperance crusader. As a youth he worked for the railway. During World War I, and World War II he served in the Royal Naval Air Service and later on the Royal Canadian Air Force. Between the wars, he was a salesman, and then he started a clothing import business. He became a socialist during that period and joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) when it was formed. He ran for political office many times for the CCF, both federally and provincially. The highlight of his political career was in 1948, when he defeated the incumbent Ontario Premier George Drew in his own legislative seat, in the electoral district of High Park, even though Drew's party won the general election with a majority government. His tenure was relatively short, serving only one term, and was defeated in the 1951 provincial election, and went back into the clothing import business. In his later years, he successfully led the political fight to maintain the prohibition on selling alcohol in a section of Toronto's west end and won three referendums in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He died in the spring of 1988, a few months before another referendum on lifting the restrictions on alcohol in the area was again defeated, his "last" victory.

Early life
Temple was born in Montreal in 1898, and was one of five children. His father was a railway conductor, and the family moved with him to Toronto in 1909. After completing grade 8, due in part to his father's alcoholism, he took a job as an office boy with the Grand Trunk Railway for $5 a week.

Military career
At the age of 17 Temple went to fight in World War I, joining the Royal Navy Air Service as a fighter pilot before transferring to the Royal Air Force, where he destroyed three Royal Air Force planes and no enemy ones. In 1942, during World War II, he was a flying officer on intelligence operations for the Royal Canadian Air Force stationed in Sydney, Nova Scotia and Gander, Newfoundland.

Young adulthood
After World War I, Temple was treated as a war hero by his employer. The Arrow Shirt Company president met Temple's train in Montreal, where he promoted him to travelling salesman for the company's Winnipeg office.

It was in Winnipeg where Temple – who had been a staunch Conservative, supporting Prime Ministers Sir Robert Borden and Arthur Meighan – was captivated by the speeches of local socialist clergyman and politician J. S. Woodsworth, and became a socialist in 1921. Temple would regularly encounter Woodsworth, then a member of parliament in Ottawa, on train trips for his sales job. Arrow moved him and his wife Mary Temple to Regina, Saskatchewan where he met Major James Coldwell, who at the time, was the principal at the school that she taught at. Coldwell was the leader of the Independent Labour party (ILP), and Temple would drive him to political rallies and events during this period. Another important socialist figure that he met at this time, was Clarence Fines, an assistant principal at Coldwell's school. They would go door-to-door to raise money for the ILP. Fines would later become the finance minister in Tommy Douglas's Saskatchewan government during the 1940s and 1950s. Temple joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) when it was formed by Woodsworth and his followers in 1932.

Great Depression
When Temple was transferred by Arrow to Kitchener, Ontario in 1933, he became president of the local CCF organization. His employer disapproved of Temple's socialist activism and told him to choose between politics and his job. Temple chose politics, putting himself out of work when the Depression was at its worst. Temple borrowed $5,000 from his sister and went to England, where he obtained samples of cashmere sweaters, Dack slacks and Burberry coats, and returned to Canada to find retail outlets. His import business continued until the war, when he enlisted in the RCAF.

Political career
In 1943, Flying Officer Temple, took leave, to become the Ontario CCF's candidate in the west-end Toronto constituency of High Park in the provincial election. He was narrowly defeated by George Drew, the leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, by a mere 400 votes. Drew became Premier of Ontario as a result of the election.

Temple ran in the June 1945 federal election as the CCF candidate in High Park. He placed third. Undeterred by his previous electoral defeats, he ran again in the High Park constituency, this time at the provincial level, in the 1948 Ontario election. Temple castigated Drew for softening Ontario's liquor laws and claimed that he was the captive of "liquor interests" because of the government's decision to allow liquor sales in cocktail bars. While Drew's party swept to victory across the province, Drew himself was defeated by Temple and decided to resign as premier and to move to federal politics.

After being elected, Temple continued to hound Drew. In the fall of 1948, Drew become the leader of the federal Progressive Conservatives. He needed a seat in the federal parliament and contested a by-election in the Ottawa-area electoral district of Carleton to win a seat in the House of Commons. The federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was determined to defeat him and so it ran Eugene Forsey as its candidate. Temple was brought up from Toronto to appear at a political meeting in Richmond, Ontario's Town Hall, where Forsey and Drew were speaking. He accused the Tory leader of being "a tool of the liquor interests" and also made suggestions about Drew's sobriety. Throughout the evening, Drew grew more red-faced and explosive every time Temple spoke. Finally, after Drew misheard Temple calling him dishonest, the two men were restrained before they could come to physical blows with each other. A riot was barely averted, and the meeting had to be terminated. However, on 20 December 1948, Drew soundly defeated Forsey and went on to sit in Parliament.

As a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), Temple fought for temperance and for housing for World War II veterans. He was elected CCF Caucus chairman shortly after he had defeated Drew. His temperance crusades in the legislature put him at odds with the party establishment, including national secretary, David Lewis. The following year, he was not re-elected Caucus Chairman. Temple remained in the Ontario legislature until his defeat in the 1951 election. After his defeat, he returned to the clothing import business until his retirement in the late 1960s.

Temple remained an activist in the CCF. In the early 1950s, he was a leader of the "Ginger Group", a group of dissident CCFers who argued that the party's poor performance in the 1951 provincial election was due to the party moving away from taking clear socialist stands on issues and instead focussing too much on organizational issues. The group opposed what it saw as the "bureaucratization" of the CCF with salaried organizers and a greater emphasis on fundraising taking the place of grassroots volunteers and political education and discussion. Temple and his supporters also argued that power was being increasingly concentrated in the hands of the party executive instead of the grassroots, which resulted in the squelching of democratic discussion and grassroots policy development and sought to rectify this by curtailing the powers of the provincial secretary.

On 12 April 1952, at the 18th annual provincial convention, Temple nearly ran for leader against Ted Jolliffe but withdrew at the last minute and allowed Jolliffe to be acclaimed. Temple then ran for party president against the establishment candidate, Ted Isley, but was defeated 112 to 85. Temple and one other member of the Ginger Group, True Davidson, were then subsequently elected to the executive as vice-presidents.

He remained a member of the CCF's successor, the Ontario New Democratic Party, for much of his life but resigned from the NDP in 1987. He stated that he "cannot possibly accept the liquor policy of the party."

Temperance crusader
He acquired the nickname "Temperance Willie" while heserved in the RCAF. His anti-liquor attitudes formed in his early years as a result of his father's alcoholism as well as his Methodist upbringing and experiences in the military. He admitted to having a few drinks during World War I: "Of course I've had a drink, you cannot go through two world wars without taking a drink," he told the Globe and Mail ,but he added, "I think I had a few on Nov. 11, 1918, but I don't really remember having any since."

After his political defeat, he remained active in West Toronto, where he founded the Inter-Church Temperance League. When the community joined the city of Toronto in 1909, it did so on condition of remaining a "dry" district in which alcohol sales were prohibited, as they had been since 1904. Temple and his Temperance League fought for half a century to maintain that regulation despite attempts by the city to reverse it. Over the years, several plebiscites were held on allowing alcohol sales, and Temple and his supporters successfully fought against permitting alcohol sales in referendums held in 1966, 1972, 1984. He died several months before a 1988 plebiscite, but he had already begun the campaign, and his supporters credited him with their victory. It was not until after Temple's death that neighbourhoods in the area finally voted to allow alcohol sales, beginning in 1994 in the St. Clair West area and ending in The Junction in 2000, the last dry region in West Toronto that became wet.

Trade unionism
Temple was also a supporter of trade union rights throughout his life, and walked on countless picket lines. In the fall of 1973, during a strike by the independent Canadian Textile and Chemical Union at Artistic Woodworking in North York, while on the picket line, he was arrested and charged with assaulting a police officer. When Temple's case was brought to trial, the officer who had allegedly been assaulted (who was twice Temple's size and more than half his age) claimed in testimony that he had smelled alcohol on Temple's breath. That caused more offence to Temple than the claim that he had committed an assault, and a long series of character witnesses testified that Temple had never consumed anything stronger than ginger ale as long as they had known him. The charges were dismissed.

Religion
Temple was raised a Methodist and was a member of the United Church of Canada, where he attended every Sunday, although in the latter years of his life he said his religious views were probably closer to the Unitarian Church.

Personal life
Temple was predeceased by his son, William Price Temple; who was hospitalized for over four months, in and out of a coma, and finally succumbed to an undiagnosed brain disease on 21 August 1956. His wife, Mary Temple, served for a period as an alderman on the Toronto City Council for Ward 7 from 1959 to 1969, and had served as a school trustee for the ward. She also served as Chair of the Toronto School Board in the 1950s.

Temple died on 9 April 1988, at the Queensway General Hospital, after a short illness at the age of 89.

title: William Horace Temple


text:
Alfred Winslow Jones

Alfred Winslow Jones (9 September 1900 – 2 June 1989) was an American investor, hedge fund manager, and sociologist. He is credited with forming the first modern hedge fund and is widely regarded as the "father of the hedge fund industry."

Early life and education
Jones was born in Melbourne, Australia, the son of Arthur Winslow Jones (an executive of General Electric) and his wife, Elizabeth Huntington. He moved to the United States with his family when he was 4, growing up in Schenectady, New York. He graduated from Harvard University in 1923, and, after working as purser on a tramp steamer that sailed around the world, he joined the Foreign Service. In the early 1930s, he became vice consul at the U.S. embassy in Berlin during Hitler's rise to power. In 1932, for just under a year he was married to Anna Luise Hauser, née Block (1896–1982), a daughter of the German painter Joseph Block and a descendant of German banker Joseph Mendelssohn. In 1936, he married Mary Carter, with whom he travelled through Spain during that country's civil war, reporting on civilian relief for the Quakers. In 1941, he earned a doctorate in sociology at Columbia University. He then completed his doctoral thesis, Life, Liberty and Property, a survey of attitudes toward property in Akron, Ohio.

Sebastian Mallaby dedicated a chapter in his 2010 book entitled More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite, in which he describes Jones as "an erudite dandy, a onetime Marxist who hiked to the frontlines of the Spanish Civil War with the writer Dorothy Parker—where they shared a bottle of Scotch whisky with Ernest Hemingway.

Academic career
During the 1940s Jones worked for Fortune magazine and wrote articles on non-financial subjects such as Atlantic convoys, farm cooperatives, and boys' prep schools. In March 1949, Jones was investigating technical methods of market analysis for an article titled "Fashions in Forecasting", reporting on a new class of stock-market timers and the approaches they employed to call the market. He studied a dozen or so of these "technicians", whose approaches ranged from volume/price ratios to odd-lot statistics to the outcome of the Harvard–Yale football game.

In "Fashions," Jones assessed each approach, sometimes harshly and other times positively. For example, Jones commented on one analysis that "…the market trend succeeded itself 62.5 times out of a hundred and reversed itself 37.5 times. The probability of obtaining such a result in a penny tossing series is infinitesimal." Jones was looking for approaches that offered better than a 'fair game.' He noted that certain approaches require trending markets, others work in higher volatility environments, still others in improving credit markets. He was beginning to feel his way down a dimly lit path toward what today would be considered a factor-based approach to portfolio construction.

Jones's comments on Nicholas Molodovsky's work showed he thought highly of it. In one passage on Molodovsky he said, "Well controlled experimental work of this nature is important and likely to become more accurate as the methods are further developed." He hinted at the approach of risk-weighting individual stocks, as well as quantifying how far a stock has diverged from its fundamental value.

The research gave him the idea to try his own hand at investing. Two months before the Fortune article went to press, Jones had established an investment partnership, A.W. Jones & Co., that would exploit this new style of investing. He raised a total of $100,000, $40,000 of which was his own. In its first year the partnership's gain on its capital came to a very respectable 17.3 percent.

The "hedge fund"
Jones is credited with coining the phrase "hedged fund" and is credited with creating the first hedge fund structure in 1949. Jones referred to his fund as being "hedged", a term then commonly used on Wall Street to describe the management of investment risk due to changes in the financial markets.

Jones combined two speculative tools to create what he considered a conservative investment scheme. He used leverage to buy more shares, and used short selling to avoid market risk. He bought as many stocks as he sold, so market-wide moves up or down would be neutralized in the portfolio. The value of the portfolio, then, would not be based on direction of the market but whether the manager had picked the right stocks to buy and sell. The fund avoided requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 by limiting itself to 99 investors in a limited partnership. Jones chose to take 20 percent of profits as compensation, invoking the Phoenician sea captains who kept a fifth of the profits from successful voyages. He charged no fee unless he made a profit. These elements: a partnership structure where a percentage of profits is paid as compensation to the general partner/fund manager, a small number of limited partners as investors, and a variety of long and short positions, are the core elements of hedge funds today.

While a few investors, including Warren Buffett and Barton Biggs, adopted the structure that he created, Jones and his structure were not widely known until 1966. That year Carol Loomis wrote an article called "The Jones Nobody Keeps Up With." Published in Fortune, Loomis' article lionized Jones and his approach. The article's opening line summarizes the results at A.W. Jones & Co.: "There are reasons to believe that the best professional money manager of investors' money these days is a quiet-spoken seldom photographed man named Alfred Winslow Jones." Coining the term 'hedge fund' to describe Jones' fund, it pointed out that his hedge fund had outperformed the best mutual fund over the previous five years by 44 percent, despite its management-incentive fee. On a 10-year basis, Mr. Jones's hedge fund had beaten the top performer Dreyfus Fund by 87 percent. This led to a flurry of interest in hedge funds and within the next three years at least 130 hedge funds were started, including George Soros's Quantum Fund and Michael Steinhardt's Steinhardt Partners.

Alfred Jones's investors lost money in only 3 of his 34 years. By contrast, the S&P500 had 9 down years during a similar period. Jones's worst year was the fiscal year that ended on 31 May 1970, when he lost 35.3% (the S&P lost 23.4% over the same period). Alex Porter, one of Jones's portfolio managers, confirmed that their market exposure was aggressive, perhaps up to 120%. By contrast, Jones did relatively well during the market downturn of 1973–1974 by being conservative.

In 1984, Jones transformed his fund into a fund of funds, investing its capital in other hedge funds with different areas of expertise and investment styles. He gradually disengaged himself from his office and gave his time to the Peace Corps and even tried to establish a "reverse Peace Corps" in which aid recipients would send their own volunteers back to the United States to work with the poor in that country, as a "hedge" against creating a culture of inferiority among developing countries.

Legacy and awards
In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, and others.

Extended bibliography

 * Alfred Winslow Jones, Life, Liberty, and Property, A Story of Conflict and a Measurement of Conflicting Rights, 'The University of Akron Press
 * Roger Lowenstein, ''When Genius Failed' (2000)
 * Scott J. Lederman, 'Hedge Funds', in Financial Product Fundamentals: A Guide for Lawyers, 11–3, 11–4, 11-5 (Clifford E. Kirsch ed., 2000);
 * Brown, Heidi and John H. Christy. "Growing Pains." Forbes 11 June 2001: 74–77.
 * Jones, Alfred Winslow. "Fashions in Forecasting." Fortune March 1949: 88–91, 180, 182, 184, 186.
 * Landau, Peter. "Alfred Winslow Jones: The Long and the Short of the Founding Father." Institutional Investor August 1968:
 * Landau, Peter. "The Hedge Funds: Wall Street's New Way to Make Money." New York Magazine 21 October 1968: pp. 20–24.
 * Lindgren, Hugo. "Long-Short Story Short: The Creation Myth." New York Magazine 16 April 2007
 * Loomis, Carol J. "The Jones Nobody Keeps Up With." Fortune April 1966: 237, 240, 242, 247.
 * Loomis, Carol J. "Hard Times Come to Hedge Funds." Fortune June 1970: 100–103, 136–140.
 * "Missing 'd.'" Grant's Interest Rate Observer 9 October 1998: 1–2.
 * Scholl, Jaye. "Back to the Future." Barron's 31 July 2000: 32.
 * Strachman, Daniel A. Getting Started in Hedge Funds. New York: Wiley, 2000.
 * Strauss, Lawrence C., "The Legacy." Barrons 31 May 2004

title: Alfred Winslow Jones


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Knezetic

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - redirected

Daniel Knezetic
Student cum politician. Formed his own party to run in a local 2004 election. Less than 50 displayed hits, many of which are Wikipedia mirrors. According to the article itself, he's running from a "fringe" party, with 'no known platform'. Niteowlneils 21:00, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Talk:Daniel Knezetic. --Joy [shallot]
 * Delete. Only received 89 votes and 0.17% of the vote, which is clearly not notable in any way shape or form. Average Earthman 09:15, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: People aiming for the other box and missing would give that many votes. Geogre 15:41, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 17:50, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, at least for the moment. We've had discussions like this before, and there seems to be a general consensus that there *is* room on Wikipedia for information of this sort -- it's just a question of how it should be organized.  Some favour short bios on a centralized  "candidates-of-party-x-in-election-y" page (using the candidates's pages as redirects), while others favour the current system of individual bios.

The former method might seem like a good compromise, but it has one serious drawback -- if the fringe candidate runs more than once, his or her information ends up being duplicated (or else necessitates some potentially confusing redirects, which could lead to nasty entanglements if the candidate runs several times for different parties).

This particular page could probably be reduced to a redirect to the PDP page, with the relevant info (such as it is) being summarized there. More generally, though ... while the "individual bios" method is open to abuse it still strikes me as the best way of handling information of this sort (particularly for candidates that have run more than once). CJCurrie 17:55, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Since no-one else has commented since my last post on the subject, I've taken the liberty of reducing the page to a redirect to the party page. Deletion is now unnecessary.  On principle, I still prefer having individual bio pages (in addition to the reason mentioned above, bio pages can be categorized - redirects can't).  CJCurrie 02:08, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.