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Perseus Arm

The Perseus Arm is one of two major spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. The second major arm is called the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. The Perseus Arm begins from the distal end of the long Milky Way central bar. Previously thought to be 13,000 light-years away, it is now thought to lie 6,400 light years from the Solar System.

Overview
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with two major arms and a number of minor arms or spurs. The Perseus Spiral Arm, with a radius of approximately 10.7 kiloparsecs, is located between the minor Cygnus and Carina–Sagittarius Arms. It is named after the Perseus constellation in the direction of which it is seen from Earth.

Recently, scientists in two large radio astronomy projects, the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy (BeSSeL) Survey and the Japanese VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA), have made great efforts over about 20 years to measure the trigonometric parallaxes toward about 200 water vapor and methanol  masers in massive star-forming regions in the Milky Way. They have employed these parallax measurements to delineate the forms of spiral arms from the Galactic longitude 2 to 240 degrees and extended the spiral arm traces into the portion of the Milky Way seen from the Southern Hemisphere using tangencies along some arms based on carbon monoxide emission. The image clearly presents the Milky Way as a barred spiral galaxy with fairly symmetric four major arms and some extra arm segments and spurs.

The Perseus Arm is one of the four major arms. The arm is the length of more than 60,000 lr and the width of about 1,000 lr and the spiral extension in the pitch angle near 9 degree.

There is speculation that the local spur known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm, which includes the Solar System and Earth and is located inside of the Perseus Arm, or is a branch of it, but this is unconfirmed.

The Perseus Arm contains the Double Cluster and a number of Messier objects:
 * The Crab Nebula (M1)
 * Open Cluster M36
 * Open Cluster M37
 * Open Cluster M38
 * Open Cluster M52
 * Open Cluster M103.

title: Perseus Arm


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Sangha Department (Republic of the Congo)

Sangha is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the northern part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, and Likouala, and internationally, Cameroon, Gabon and the Central African Republic. The regional capital is Ouésso. Principal towns include Sembé and Souanké.

Administrative divisions
Sangha Department is divided into one commune and six districts:

Districts

 * 1) Mokéko District
 * 2) Sembé District
 * 3) Souanké District
 * 4) Pikounda District
 * 5) N'gbala District
 * 6) Kabo District

Communes

 * 1) Ouésso Commune

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Scutum–Centaurus Arm

The Scutum–Centaurus Arm, also known as Scutum-Crux arm, is a long, diffuse curving streamer of stars, gas and dust that spirals outward from the proximate end of the Milky Way's central bar. The Milky Way has been posited since the 1950s to have four spiral arms — numerous studies contest or nuance this number. In 2008, observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope failed to show the expected density of red clump giants in the direction of the Sagittarius and Norma arms. In January 2014, a 12-year study into the distribution and lifespan of massive stars and a 2013-reporting study of the distribution of masers and open clusters both found corroboratory, though would not state irrefutable, evidence for four principal spiral arms.

The Scutum–Centaurus Arm lies between the minor Carina–Sagittarius Arm and the major Perseus Arm. The Scutum–Centaurus Arm starts near the core as the Scutum Arm, then gradually turns into the Centaurus Arm.

The region where the Scutum–Centaurus Arm connects to the bar of the galaxy is rich in star-forming regions and open clusters. In 2006 a large cluster of new stars containing 14 red supergiant stars was discovered there and named RSGC1. In 2007 a cluster of approximately 50,000 newly formed stars named RSGC2 was located only a few hundred light years from RSGC1. It is thought to be less than 20 million years old and contains 26 red supergiant stars, the largest grouping of such stars known. Other clusters in this region include RSGC3 and Alicante 8.

title: Scutum–Centaurus Arm


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Lékoumou Department

Lékoumou (can also be written as Lekumu) is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, and the nation of Gabon. The regional capital is Sibiti. Principal cities and towns include Komono and Zanaga.

Administrative divisions
Lékoumou Department is divided into five districts:

Districts

 * 1) Sibiti District
 * 2) Komono District
 * 3) Zanaga District
 * 4) Bambama District
 * 5) Mayéyé District

Economy
Subsistence farming, carried out by small producers (cassava, peanuts, tarots, plantain, squash, sorrel, ginger, artisanal palm oil), and arboriculture (safoutiers, mango trees, bananas) are the main agricultural activities. The timber industry is an important activity. The Lékoumou contains iron deposits, the most important of which is that of Zanaga. Its exploitation by a partnership between the South African Zanaga Iron Ore Company and the Swiss group Glencore Xstrata, is subject to the rise in world iron prices.

The region offers tourist wealth oriented towards the discovery of the country, the forest, the villages and their products. A liana bridge, located towards Bambama, near the village of Simonbondo, on the Gabonese border, is famous for the choice of natural materials and their assembly, making it possible to cross 74 m. without intermediate support

title: Lékoumou Department


text: File:Serpent egg - dead can dance - front.jpg


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Talk:Aulus Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento

...if only it weren't also so badly written... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wetman (talk • contribs) 11:41, 26 September 2004

Moving this to a narrative
As much as I like adding quotations to an article, this needs more meat between the quotations. For instance, his dedication from Mainz states he was three times a consul, but only the second is reported either directly (at List of Roman consuls), a suffect at AD 80 (AE 1948, 56); the first must have fallen between 62 & 80. This inscription indirectly reports he was consul a third time between 80 & 97. This indicates he was suffect consul three times, always a bridesmaid but never a bride. It would be interesting to find a discussion of the dynamics between achieving a suffect consulship & ordinary consulship, & whether being a suffect three times was not some kind of snub. -- llywrch (talk) 20:47, 29 May 2016 (UTC)


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The Serpent's Egg (album)

The Serpent's Egg is the fourth studio album by the Australian band Dead Can Dance, released on 24 October 1988 by record label 4AD.

Background
The album was the last produced while Brendan Perry and Lisa Gerrard were a romantic couple. A majority of the album was recorded in a multi-storey apartment block in the Isle of Dogs, London.

Perry discussed the album's title: "In a lot of aerial photographs of the Earth, if you look upon it as a giant organism—a macrocosmos—you can see that the nature of the life force, water, travels in a serpentine way".

Reception
In a retrospective review, AllMusic said, "Perry and Gerrard continued to experiment and improve with The Serpent's Egg, as much a leap forward as Spleen and Ideal was some years previously", heaping particular praise on the album opener "The Host of Seraphim", which it called "so jaw-droppingly good that almost the only reaction is sheer awe".

Legacy

 * Electronic music duo The Chemical Brothers used a reversed sample of "Song of Sophia" in "Song to the Siren" in 1992, later also included on the album Exit Planet Dust in 1995.
 * Orkidea sampled "The Host of Seraphim" in his 1999 single "Unity".
 * Rapper G Herbo sampled "The Host of Seraphim" on his song "4 Minutes of Hell, Part 3" from his debut mixtape, Welcome to Fazoland.
 * Experimental act Ulver covered "In the Kingdom of the Blind the One-Eyed Are Kings" for the Dead Can Dance tribute album Tribute to Dead Can Dance: The Lotus Eaters, released in 2004.
 * French rapper Keny Arkana sampled "The Host Of Seraphim" on her song "Je Passe Le Salut", from her album "L'Esquisse Vol. 2" released in 2011.
 * "In the Kingdom of the Blind the One-Eyed Are Kings" was also covered by death metal act Cattle Decapitation as a bonus track on their 2019 album Death Atlas.

In popular culture
"The Host of Seraphim" was featured in the 1992 non-narrative documentary film Baraka (and was included in the film's soundtrack), the theatrical trailers for the 2003 film Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines and the 2006 film Home of the Brave, in the final scenes of the 2007 film The Mist, in the fire scene of the 2010 film Legend of the guardians and in the 2018 film Lords of Chaos.

A short excerpt of "Ullyses" was also used as background music in the BBC Horizon episode #30.7 "Hunt For The Doomsday Asteroid" in February 1994, originally broadcast ahead of the predicted impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with the planet Jupiter in July that same year.

"Severance" was used in the "Victims of Circumstance" episode of Miami Vice.

Personnel

 * Lisa Gerrard – vocals, production on tracks 3–6, 8 and 9
 * Brendan Perry – vocals, hurdy-gurdy, production, sleeve design
 * Andrew Beesley – viola
 * Sarah Buckley – viola
 * Tony Gamage – cello
 * Alison Harling – violin
 * Rebecca Jackson – violin
 * David Navarro Sust – vocals

 * Technical

 * John A. Rivers – co-production on tracks 1, 2, 7 and 10
 * Vaughan Oliver – sleeve design (with Brendan Perry)

title: The Serpent's Egg (album)


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Talk:Family First Party

Andrew Quah
Someone has deleted the Andrew Quah scandal from this article, twice! For those not familiar, the Family First candidate, Andrew Quah, stepped down amid scandal after nude photos of him appeared on gay websites around Australia. He also admitted that he looks at porn. This is vitally relevant, considering his party, Family First, is anti-porn as one of its main policies.

For those who want to see what was deleted from the article, here's the diff of the deletion. Here's the SMH news story, and for those who don't think it's notable, here's the front page of the Sydney Morning Herald, and the Family First story is the #1 federal election story. Other coverage at News.com.au, ABC News, Herald Sun and Fairfax New Zealand, and even Crikey! is covering it.-- Lester  21:20, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm sick of having to repeat this.

 * Kevin Rudd had his drinky drinky shenanigans, but the editors come to a consensus that it was irrelevant to his life and omitted it from his page. I believe they agreed to wait a month and see if the media still went on about it, as a test for its relevancy. The media did not, and nothing was put in.

 * So the same should the FF article be treated. Every little bit of media controversy (I hate that word so much thanks to Wikipedia) does not deserve a paragraph, sentence or word on here. Michael talk 21:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not against the inclusion of Rudd / porn either. However, the Family First situation is very different, for three reasons. First, Rudd didn't resign or get expelled. Second, Family First's main platform is anti-porn, and here's one of their "anti-porn" candidates admitting he looks at porn, and appearing in porn himself. And third, this happened mid-way through the election campaign! If any candidate from any party is expelled or resigns amid scandal during an election campaign, then that is very big news and very notable. The fact that this guy was doing the activities he was campaigning against, makes it more notable.-- Lester  22:13, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with this, its certainly notable Muzzamo 23:51, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the way you titled the heading, "porn scandal rocks Family First", gives away any notion of neutrality on your part. I'm sure there have been plenty of "scandals" (cringe), "controversies" (cringe) and the like throughout the histories of all the parties, but these have not been mentioned. This is a small incident which will be gone very soon. It is not a Labor split or the breakup of the conservatives. Michael talk 01:27, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Well should this content be perhaps added to Australian federal election, 2007? Surely the dumping of a candidate mid-campaign is fitting content for the "The campaign" section of that article? --Stormie 01:34, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Quah had no chance of winning his seat though. FFP only has a chance in the senate.  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 01:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Pretty useless tattle. And this coming from a guy that acutally blocked Andrew Quah's wikipedia account once.  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 01:38, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I didn't know that Andrew Quah was a Wikipedian! I think that any candidate from any party that resigns in scandal mid-way through an election campaign is notable. For example, the John Howard article has commentary about all the campaign issues of each election, though I don't think there were any scandals like this. The nature of the scandal goes to the very heart of Family First. Lester  02:05, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 *  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 02:05, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Minor party drops minor candidate who had zero chance of winning a seat, to keep its image clean. Barely notable. If FF has kept him it might have been more notable. I notice a massive double standard here compared to Rudd, an incident which will be with him throughout his career. Peter Ballard 02:54, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It's an interesting argument that "he had no chance to win", therefore it doesn't matter. With Labor preferences now headed to the Greens, some commentators have said that none in Family First have much chance to win. Should we also stop writing about John Howard, because he hasn't got much chance to win (according to polls, anyway). The fact is that this guy, Andrew Quah, was standing for office. He was the Family First official who authorised all of Family First's 2007 election material, so to say he was a minor nobody is not correct.-- Lester  03:46, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Only the local Sydney papers had photos (unlike Rudd). I bet this will lost even last 24 hours. AT least the Rudd thing was there in the morning, midday and evening news. Will this make the evening news? I doubt it. Probably some campaign rally will be on the newss tongiht.  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 04:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Again on the double standard: party leader gets drunk, goes to strip club, retains position, compared with candidate for unwinnable seat who poses nude and looks up porn. The leader of a party gets no mention (and rightly so) but for some reason the candidate gets several paragraphs. Bizarre. Michael talk 04:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not notable in the long term. We should allow time for the dust to settle to gauge how this relates to the long term. Lester's short bus logic is also quite apparent yet again. He seems to think a party sacking someone for violating thier principles is somehow a "scandal". Prester John -(Talk to the Hand) 06:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that it would fall under qualified priviledge to reproduce this matter on the article. The people who have been mentioning the similaritiy with the Kevin Rudd Stripper scenario and the failure to reproduce that information on his article are missing the point that Family First runs on a platform of social conservative values. This (if it is true, for I didn't hear anything about it in the news) is a fundamental contradiction of their platform and values and warrants inclusion for that purpose alone. Doktor Waterhouse 06:55, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, which is why they sacked him, because they ddemed him to be out of line with their ethos. If they kept him it would be notable, or if he was a key figure in the party, then it would be notable, but he isn't. Do we also include the ALP candidate forO'Connor bagging Rudd in his university newspaper shock-jock column? No.  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 07:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It would also be more notable if Mr Quah was harping on about the evil of porn, but since he is not, there is no hypocrisy on his part either (unless other stuff comes to light).  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 07:02, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Good point. I am persuaded that it should not be included. Doktor Waterhouse 12:24, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It would be a good point if the man in question was just a regular guy on the street who always wanted to be a porn star and suddenly got his wish. But not so. Andrew Quah was an anti-porn campaigner. He stood for office, not as an independent, but as a representative of the anti-porn party. Not only that, but Family First's anti-porn election campaign material, including leaflets and website, was signed and authorised by Andrew Quah. His name is at the bottom of Family First's material, and is the signing authority for submission to the Australian Electoral Commission. He authorised the FF anti-porn campaign. So, for Family First's campaign authoriser to be so heavily into porn himself is very significant. The amount of media coverage that the Andrew Quah saga has received so far is a reasonable percentage of the total media coverage that Family First has ever got. I'm against the notion that we should delay any mention of the Andrew Quah scandal for another month (ie. until after the election). Family First's election schedule should have no influence on the article. Lester  20:29, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Lester has a point, by authorising those pamphlets Quah was harping on about the evils of porn. It's not like Rudd visiting the strip club because closing stip clubs is not a major election plank of the ALP. But ask yourself, if The Greens disendorsed a candidate they found to be a Gunns boardmember, wouldn't that be noteworthy? That's what we're dealing with here.
 * However, we do need to understand that this will not remain an important event in the party's history. It will blow over and as such probably shouldn't remain on the party's page. So, I propose that this paragraph go on Australian_federal_election%2C_2007 instead.Nick 00:00, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem I have with Lester's analysis - that Quah's position inside FF is significant - is that the major news reports (at least the ones I've seen) do not mention it, much less dwell on it. They simply call him a candidate and a member of the NSW executive. I will not object to a mention of it (that it happened, not of silly hyperbole like calling it a scandal). But really, what's this doing in an encyclopedia? Who will care in a week's time, let alone a few years? Peter Ballard 02:32, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Only Lester and his inaccurate arguments will care. Lester seems determined to label this guy as "heavily" into porn and a hypocrite for advancing Family Firsts policies. As far as I can tell the FF policy seems to be related to access to porn for minors. The article and references even go as far to say that FF believe that adults have the right to opt out of their proposed blocking software. In other words FF advocate NO porn for the under 18's and freedom to view for those above 18. Is Andrew not an adult and above 18? Why is it hypocritical to advocate this FF policy while viewing porn? Lester also seems to homophobicaly throw the word "gay" around as if there is something wrong that. Prester John -(Talk to the Hand) 17:50, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * To User:Prester John, please read Civility and think about that before accusing anyone of being "homophobic". It was the news articles on Andrew Quah that said his images were posted on gay websites. Nobody said there was anything wrong with being gay, or the websites.

 * Here is Family First's policy to ban internet pornography

 * Family First is a minor party, so some may argue that everything to do with FF is minor news. However, in the scale of Family First events, the Andrew Quah incident is the biggest news event the party has ever had in its history. From TV News Canada to South Africa to the Qatar Gulf Times. It's the most widespread coverage that Family First has ever received on any issue.-- Lester  22:04, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * "Biggest ever"? You're not in SA or Vic I assume, where FF actually have elected members and are in serious news stories from time to time. I can imagine them not really being on the radar in other states. As for the international coverage, well so did the Kevin Rudd earwax story. Doesn't make it significant. (Which doesn't mean I'd oppose a brief mention, as I've said above). Peter Ballard 00:29, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Peter. Well, in terms of widespread international coverage, I think it's the biggest story involving Family First. I note that the Australian Democrats entry carries mention of the Andrew Bartlett Vs Jeannie Ferris drunken scuffle, and it's mentioned again on both Bartlett & Ferris' biography pages. People are not only interested in the incident, but also how the party deals with the one involved. In Bartlett's case, they let him stay on, despite very damaging video of him shaking Ferris.-- Lester  04:48, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Bartlett was the leader of a party which at the time held the balance of power in the Senate with 8 senators. FFP has one senator who does not have the balance of power and is relevant only when BArnaby Joyce refuses to tow the line. Bartlett's act was done on a national stage in the senate, attacking another senator. Moreover, Quah is not even in the top 10 FFP public figures. What Quah does in his own time is not so important as public behaviour, and secondly he didnt infringe on anybody else by stripping off either. The video of bartlett was on the news on TV and newspapers - did you see Quah's groin on TV ???  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 05:23, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Does The Chaser count? Because they showed much more than I wanted to see. Nick 13:03, 1 November 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nick81 (talk • contribs)
 * OH, . . .. .. I didn't know that, but Chaser isn't really serious stuff is it?  Blnguyen  ( bananabucket ) 00:17, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

I really don't care about this either way (as can be noticed by my lack of contributions on this subject) but it is interesting to note, that only once he was forced out of the FFP, did the conservative wikipedians then, and only then, acknowledge, that if he remained in the FFP, it would have been a different story. Funny how that point wasn't raised when he was in the FFP. Just an observation. Timeshift 21:19, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * eh? By the time the story broke, he had already been kicked out, so how could we have possibly raised the point earlier? Peter Ballard 00:15, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed. My point stands though. I'm sure if he was still in the party, the 'but he's not in the party' line anymore wouldn't be used. But that's already too many words for a subject I have no particular interest in. Timeshift 00:21, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Ben Jacobsen
I can't believe there's another one! University lecturer Ben Jacobsen, after attacking the sexuality of his Liberal rival, later apologised after he admitted to downloading porn. News Ltd story. If this keeps going, we'll have to turn it into a list!-- Lester  23:25, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * ...5 years ago. Peter Ballard 11:21, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It depends on which part of the article is the most relevant part. According to the article, Family First's Ben Jacobsen "attacked" his opposing candidate over her sexuality, very recently. I think many people would be interested to know this. As for the porn, Jacobsen apparently gave up his online porno downloading 5 years ago, but only admitted his previous porn usage a few days ago. The article says FF campaigns on an anti-porn platform. Cheers,-- Lester  11:44, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Scores strip club 5 years ago, earwax 10 years ago. Point being? (I'm not advocating inclusion, just pointing out the mixed messages being received...) Timeshift (talk) 01:45, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's vitally important that Ben Jacobsen's digressions be included in the article. Particularly his attack on a political opponent over the issue of sexuality. I think there are many people in the community who would be interested to know this, and it would definitely affect whether or not they vote for him.-- Lester  02:09, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Do you seriously believe that WP will determine whether people will vote for Ben Jacobsen? Peter Ballard (talk) 02:25, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * No, I don't think the Wiki article will affect voting. I was referring to the behaviour or Mr Jacobsen, which was covered widely in the news media. Regards,  Lester  03:04, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * His attack was quite bizarre, but nevertheless I think it's borderline for noteworthiness. (There are loose cannons in all parties, especially when it comes to minor party people). I won't object if it's written up neutrally. Peter Ballard (talk) 03:10, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

New section proposed : 2007 federal election
This article does need appropriate mention of the above-mentioned candidate controversies. They are notable events because of the contradiction of official party policy that they represent. I think they might be best included in a section titled "2007 federal election" which would also detail the chronology of notable actions, policy releases and so on. --Brendan [ contribs ] 12:37, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree to a section to encompass these events. There was previously a section called Controversy, which is pretty common in Wiki articles..-- Lester  11:16, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't see Controversy sections as the better way to write encyclopedic content. Among other things, they present risks of undue weight and article bias. Wherever possible and reasonable, these should be avoided in favour of incorporating such material into the broader context, narrative and chronology of the article. For example, these events are particularly notable because they relate to election candidates during a campaign. If they had just been ordinary FF members, outside of an election campaign, there wouldn't be much worth including her. In short, we need to contextualise issues neutrally and appropriately, avoiding sensationalism. --Brendan [ contribs ] 23:43, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Sterilisation v. Sensationalism
It is clear that there are pro- and anti-FF elements each trying to impose their own bias on this article. Quite predictable and understandable. My 2 cents: 1) Can't say that I'm a huge fan of "Controversy" sections myself, and I would tend to agree with Brendan's comments above. 2) I believe the issues discussed above (particularly Andrew Quah) should be mentioned somewhere in the article, but there is no need to be sensationalist about it. The behaviour of particular FF candidates during the election was relevant and newsworthy at the time, and I consider it to be noteworthy now. 3) "Nobody will care in [some amount of time]..." I regard this sort of argument to be... well, it's not really an argument at all, is it? It's an individual opinion, and even if it turned out to be true it's hardly relevant now - the same could be said of just about anything. "In a few years time nobody will care about this year's Olympic Games, so we should not mention them. At all." 4) Anecdotally, the Andrew Quah incident is one of the few things I actually remember about FF's campaign. That and someone else from the party telling a lesbian she was a witch who should be burned??? (Memory a bit hazy over details of that one.) 5) A suggestion for wording re Andrew Quah: "During the 2007 election campaign it was revealed that nude photos of Family First candidate Andrew Quah had been posted on the Internet. Quah also admitted to viewing pornography online, despite authorising the party's anti-pornography election material. He was subsequently expelled from the party." PollyWaffler (talk) 01:53, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * As I think I said above, a neutrally written note on Andrew Quah (or on the "burn the lesbians" idiot) is OK, and what you suggest is fine. Peter Ballard (talk) 11:53, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, I have added this to the 2007 election section. Haven't yet found a solid reference to his authorisation of election material, though...? PollyWaffler (talk) 23:32, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * ...and now it's gone again. Blnguyen - care to justify your revert? Point to policy or guideline? (I would, of course, have been happy to leave out the un-cited part about him authorising election material...) PollyWaffler (talk) 08:08, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

References v External Links
I removed these from the External Links section per WP:EL. They may prove more useful as references for article content. Feel free to add more. This article needs more references and content. --Brendan [ contribs ] 13:58, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * ABC Radio National transcript of The Religion Report - featuring Peter Harris and Andrew Evans
 * The people behind Family First, The Age, 16 October 2004
 * Article. Hillsong: Songs of praise - and politics, Jana Wendt, Sunday Program, Nine Network, 3 July 2005
 * Transcript. Hillsong: Songs of praise - and politics, Jana Wendt, Sunday Program, Nine Network, 2005-07-03.
 * Blog posting. My Interview on National Television. Assemblies of God church member Nathan Zamprogno's record of interview with Jana Wendt, 2005-07-04.
 * Blog posting. Family First- An Analysis (part 1), Nathan Zamprogno, 2007-07-24.
 * Blog of media articles. Family First Party on BlogSpot. Anonymous, unofficial. Last updated October 2006.

Peter Ballard, I note you re-added the Family First Media blog to External Links. Wikipedia is not a repository of links. WP:EL calls for minimalism and, in section Links to be avoided, says to exclude "Links to blogs and personal web pages, except those written by a recognized authority". The blog is anonymous, not an official blog of the party and appears to have not been updated since October 2006. The link should remain here on the talkpage (added above), so editors may access that blog to obtain the articles linked there as references for expanded content in this Wiki article, while keeping the article well within WP:EL and WP:NOT. --Brendan [ contribs ] 03:38, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Blogs are "links normally to be avoided" (my emphasis). This particular blog is an apparently neutral and uncommented collection of news articles, and as such I thought it improved the article, and so deserved inclusion on the basis of WP:Ignore All Rules. However, since it hasn't been updated for a year, it's not as useful anymore and I don't mind dropping it. (I quickly checked, saw "October", and just assumed it was "October 2007"). Peter Ballard 09:37, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Policy references
I don't see the problem with "sources affiliated with the subject of this article" when we're talking about the policies of a political party taken from that party's site? 203.17.70.161 (talk) 23:28, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Election Results section
Someone added a very very long section about election results over the years. It seems to be creeping higher to the top of the article each time I see it. At the very least, it should be at the bottom of the article (if it should be there at all). At the moment, it is just serving to push more relevant information about what the party stands for out of view. Lester  19:48, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I propose that the Election Results section be deleted. Election results are covered elsewhere in Wikipedia, and are superfluous and distracting in this article.-- Lester  02:10, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Certainly a history section is important, and election results are a big part of that history. I don't think FF results are easily found elsewhere, and this page is as good a place as any to summarise them. Perhaps there's a little much detail, but in general I think it should stay, perhaps renamed as "history". Peter Ballard 03:54, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Reverted?
Senator Steve Fielding stated in the lead-up to the 2007 federal election that a Labor-Greens Senate would deliver "drug shooting galleries in your street".

Do we not comment on what Senators say anymore? Timeshift (talk) 10:15, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It was in a section titled "Policies". That quote doesn't sound like a policy statement to me. Nick 14:18, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It was under the section of drugs. Where do you propose it does fit then? Or is that the key here, the page has been designed as such that controversial things like this have no current place in the article... Timeshift (talk) 22:21, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Fielding's comment was a pretty outlandish statement that misrepresents his political opponents, though I would support its inclusion in the article. However, I think it should say "Senator Steve Fielding claimed that...". It's a pity that most of the controversy has been cleaned from this article.-- Lester  22:47, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The drugs section is under the policies heading, so it should be about drug policies. You could try starting a new section, something like "Criticisms of other parties' policies". It could be controversial but not entirely inappropriate (after all, new parties only arise because they perceive flaws in the existing parties). Nick 00:03, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * And I wonder how long that section would last? ;-) Timeshift (talk) 00:05, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * If it didn't last, it would be because that particular quote misrepresents the other parties' policies and uses emotive language. ("In your street", wtf is that?)
 * But I think a section on FF vs Greens would be ok if it could be couched in neutral language. cf Fred Nile on the Greens. Nick 00:23, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That's the quote. Fielding stated that a Labor-Greens senate would "deliver drug shooting galleries in your street". I agree with wtf, it's a very strange comment indeed. Timeshift (talk) 00:26, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Nick, by the same reasoning, everything belongs in "criticism of other parties". Drug's policy is as good as any place to put Fielding's comment. I don't care either way if it goes in. Peter Ballard (talk) 00:12, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Maybe it needs a 'Controversy' heading, which existed once before in an earlier version of this article, but was later deleted. Under that heading, you could include all those things that have trouble fitting elsewhere. I mean, what's the use of a Wikipedia article if it can only state party policy? We may as well go to the Family First website to get that. Lester  00:30, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree there is too much regurgitating of party policy, I just think a "Controversy" section is the wrong way to do it. So on each section under policy, put what they've actually done, and where that has been controverial or notworthy, rather than just (sometimes outdated) references to FF policy . Peter Ballard (talk) 00:55, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It should be about views and actions, not just actions. Timeshift (talk) 00:58, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * True. I was thinking of Industrial Relations, where what they've said is pretty vague, so IMHO it's better to note how Fielding voted on WorkChoices. On some other issues, their views are pretty clear. Peter Ballard (talk) 01:28, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Noteable?
Family First refuses preference swap with lesbians in 2004. This is a lower level than policy as it is an exclusion of preferencing a Liberal MP based on sexuality, but will swap preferences with a Liberal MP who publicly confessed to an affair while his wife was pregnant with twins. Timeshift (talk) 00:42, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Christianity template
I came across this template, and as FFP was in it I was going to add it, but then realised some may have issues, so i'm querying here first. Timeshift (talk) 02:30, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * No comments, added. Timeshift (talk) 02:01, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

It doesn't seem appropriate to me. c.Marsh b.Lillee (talk) 05:32, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * It takes more than that to defend a revert. Please give rational reasons why you chose to revert after there was no protest to the proposal added nine days ago? Timeshift (talk) 06:16, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I would say that, going by the press release quoted in the "Religious affiliation" section of this article, that if Family First is not officially affilated with any Christian church, it's probably not appropriate that it be on that template, or that that template be on this article. It's basically promoting the POV that religion is the most significant aspect of the party - a POV that I happen to largely agree with, but which I don't think is appropriate for a Wikipedia article. --Stormie (talk) 04:00, 20 June 2008 (UTC)
 * See my comments at Template talk:Christianity in Australia. That's where I think it should be thrashed out - let's determine first if it belongs in the Template. Peter Ballard (talk) 04:27, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

WA Family First Party
Interesting that the WA Family First Party has recently been formed. Also that it is an alliance between ex Liberal Party and ex One Nation officials (ABC story).-- Lester  06:23, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I'm missing something but as far as I can see their only MP is ex Liberal Dan Sullivan (politician). Peter Ballard (talk) 12:14, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Convergence to format of Liberal Party of Australia format
If anybody opposses doing so, please state your comments here (or if they believe the Liberal Party should have their policies stated on the page).-203.122.240.136 (talk) 07:46, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You mean by deleting all the policy section? I think a better model is the Australian Greens article, which does define policy (though in less detail than here). Small parties like Greens and FF tend to be easier to define by policy than the major parties, so it's more appropriate to put policy on their WP pages. (Usual disclaimer: I'm a FF member). Peter Ballard (talk) 12:59, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

If there are particular features on the Lib page that you'd like on the FFP page, please state what so it can be discussed. Suggesting a blanket change won't get very far. Timeshift (talk) 13:05, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Recent activity
As a FF member I'm trying my hardest to avoid editing this article, but I think the latest round of anon edits should be blanket reverted, because there's too much silliness mixed in with what might be useful. Looking at the diffs since 5-Aug, I see several "what the" edits: Please revert the lot, someone. Peter Ballard (talk) 12:20, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * All sorts of strange stuff in the policial ideaology box, including Abolitionism (who isn't) and Fiscal conservatism (not an FF policy);
 * The Category:Christian political parties cat has been added (highly contentious);
 * "See also" Liberal Party (what the?);
 * "See also" US Republican party, a "conservative Christian party" (what the?);
 * an uncited and dubious list of "key persons", both in the lead and in the article body.

I've reverted some recent edits that were not supported by the cited references and cleaned up some other links. haydn_likes_carpet (talk) 03:20, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Re Fiscal conservatism, the national leader Bob Day contends that 'someone has undone the reference to Family First being economically conservative. If low taxes, free markets and property rights aren’t examples of economic conservatism I don’t know what is. Our Tax Policy, Employment Policy and Small Business Policy all point to economic conservatism. The Chairman of Family First (me) is a Member of the internationally renowned Mont Pelerin Society a pillar of economic conservatism.' - Can the ref be left alone please Crumpola (talk) 11:26, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Ultra-Conservative Description
FF certainly has conservative policies, some of which can be described as 'Family Friendly' to the expense of 'Single' Australians. However the 'Ultra-Conservative' label is a as misinformed as calling the Labor party 'Ultra-Socialist'. They are a conservative party. No more and no less. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.22.23.9 (talk) 04:04, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * "Conservative" is more a term that is appropriate for middle-ground parties (like the Liberal Party, for example). FF's policies are not just about "conserving" the society and policies we have now. Their polices are actually about reverting society back to a previous time in Australia's history (or perhaps even more extreme than that). Therefore, it's not enough to call them "conservative", the most appropriate description would be at least "very conservative" or similar. I remember that one of the MP's from another party described FF as a "very extreme political party". So there are sources available to justify describing them as extreme.

 * Well, dig them up and share your proposed improvements for the article here. (And please sign your posts with four tildes - that's the ~ character - so that your new posts get a signature and timestamp. I've just given that one an indent.) HiLo48 (talk) 19:47, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Religious affiliation
OK. We have a revert war going on. It's time for a mature discussion on this.

The reality as it appears to me would be that the party has no formal links to a church, but the vast majority (if not all) of its members would be very conservative Christians, the majority of them being Assembly of God members. I see no problem with that being reported, so long as sound references can be found. It should not be embarrassing to anybody.

I'm certainly not aware of any formal connection between the party and a church, and the article should not suggest this, unless anyone can find a source that says otherwise.

So, let's stop the silly revert war and come up with reasonable words. Please use mine above as a starting point if you like. HiLo48 (talk) 07:06, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

Logo
Does anyone know anything about the logo (its origins, design)? While it presents a stylized representation of Australia, it rather looks like a mitre. Poldy Bloom (talk) 22:55, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

The logo you are referring to is obsolete. It was discontinued quite some time ago. Any resemblance to a mitre was purely coincidental. Maryogden (talk) 12:02, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

What makes the party "far right"
Just curious — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.179.3.191 (talk) 01:31, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
 * A foolish desire among some people for simplistic descriptors in Infoboxes. I'd be happy to see it removed. HiLo48 (talk) 08:58, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
 * It's been a few days now with no further comment. I shall boldly remove it. HiLo48 (talk) 04:42, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Right-wing is fair. They are well to the right of the Liberals, especially under Day's leadership.--Jay942942 (talk) 22:24, 11 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree, but it's opinion, so should not be included. We've been over the whole left/right labels many times - there is no consensus for them to remain. Timeshift (talk) 23:24, 11 July 2014 (UTC)

Offensive Bias
As a Christian, I find the way this party is referred to as "Christian" in the article to be extremely offensive. I don't know the best way to rewrite the article to differentiate between the fact that they believe themselves to be Christian and the fact that there are many of us Christians out here that are offended by their actions. As a Christian myself, I can categorically say that they do not represent a single Christian value of mine and that they actively work against all of my Christian values!

Just because a group believe they are Christian does not mean they represent everyone else thinks the same thing. Just because they claim a Christian leaning in their speeches does not make them Christian any more than Hitler making Christian statements in his speeches made him Christian.

If we want Wikipedia to be a factual, unbiased information source, the fact that so many of us Christians are offended by these guys should be mentioned at least.

 * That would be the No true Scotsman fallacy. If you can find reliable sources claiming that many (or some, or most, or whatever) Australian Christians disagree so strongly with Family First, then feel free to add it! 118.209.45.194 (talk) 15:01, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes, while I clearly understand your point, you would need an independent source describing the problem. They day all Christians agree on what defines a Christian our life here will be made a lot easier. HiLo48 (talk) 22:15, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

Family first overload
Hi, I'm not really a Wikipedian, but I find this page very difficult to read and would suggest that it be edited to have less of an overload of Family First. The words appear 140 times in the page and I find it excessive. Almost every sentence starts with Family First. No offense to the author, but this article is simply badly written because it's horribly repetitive. The sentences also start with "Family first believes X" or "Family first supports Y" way too much. One example: "Family First believes that the 2003 invasion of Iraq was wrong because diplomatic avenues had not been exhausted, but that having participated in that invasion Australia is now obliged to protect Iraqis and Australians in Iraq through a military presence." Why not: "Family First opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq because diplomatic avenues had not been exhausted, but ,having participated in that invasion, Australia is now obliged to protect Iraqis and Australians in Iraq through a military presence." FritsVanpreutenbeen (talk) 18:07, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Hopefully not an edit war over FFP's payments to Glenn Druery
"he was also receiving paycheques worth thousands of dollars a month from Family First and the Fishing and Lifestyle Party." and "Druery was also being paid by Family First in Victoria and the Fishing and Lifestyle Party in Queensland about $5,000 a month each for up to six months.".

Firstly editor User_talk:Bell20 removed the statement saying it wasn't in the reference. I reverted it and left a message on said user's talkpage with the contents of both refs to back it up. Then they removed the statement again saying only shooters and fishers and not family first? Either Bell20 didn't read it, again, or they just don't want it on this page. Timeshift (talk) 01:39, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Ah, here it is, on their talkpage. "That is incorrect. Whoever sourced that news report got it wrong.". Seems like a WP:COI to me with no evidence to back up their claims. Timeshift (talk) 01:43, 11 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Huh, interesting news about Druery being paid, though I guess he wasn't doing it out of the goodness of his heart. I'd say you're definitely in the right – hard to argue with references from the ABC, News Corp, and Fairfax. You can probably slip an "allegedly" or a "reportedly" somewhere in there if it becomes an issue.  IgnorantArmies  05:42, 11 April 2014 (UTC)
 * See their talkpage - they're claiming i'm the one with the COI, lol! I think they've got the message though - no response since. Always interesting to know who's putting up the Minor Party Alliance preference trading funding though. Sports and Motoring got elected without known payments to Druery. FFP got a candidate elected and have paid money to Druery. FFP are the only ones who've both paid Druery and have been successful in electing a Senator candidate from the Minor Party Alliance, that we know of/have reliably sourced. So it's definately noteable :) Timeshift (talk) 05:45, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Removed issue tags
I've removed a fly-by tag added yesterday to the head of the article for advert, and i've also removed a year-old tag in the policies section. Tags are meant to be used as short-term indicators that there are issues that require rectification, and should only be added once a discussion has been started on the talk page. Fly-by and long-term tagging without talkpage discussion is not how it's supposed to be used. If there are issues, raise them here or even better, fix them! Timeshift (talk) 07:22, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

Third party sources
The article has very few. This means that it is written completely based on primary sources, which means that it is essentially a PR piece. Zambelo ; talk 20:35, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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2016 Election
I've reverted the edits relating to Bob Day - Senate results will not be confirmed for several weeks so we should wait until the AEC declare the composition of the new Senate. haydn_likes_carpet (talk) 04:24, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Family First Party


text:
Category:Neoclassicism (music)

This category is about Neoclassicism in music, as it existed as an art movement from the early 20th century on.

Neoclassicism in music differs from Neoclassicism in plastic arts and writing: Neoclassicism in plastic arts and writing is a style that revives the imagery and forms of classical antiquity: the art movement that exemplifies this kind of neoclassicism had its peak in late 18th century France, and continued as one of the many neo-styles of the 19th century.

For music the case was different: at the end of the 18th century the "classical" style in western music still had to be defined (...in fact it was defined as the musical style of the 2nd half of the 18th century) - so at that time a neo-classical or neoclassicist style for music was impossible. Neoclassicism in music was only possible when the period of romantic music (which evolved from the classical era in music) drew to a close by the end of the 19th century: only at that time could classical music be rediscovered and lead to neoclassicist music.

title: Category:Neoclassicism (music)


text:
Astrology and astronomy

Astrology and astronomy were archaically treated together (astrologia), but gradually distinguished through the Late Middle Ages into the Age of Reason. Developments in 17th century philosophy resulted in astrology and astronomy operating as independent pursuits by the 18th century.

Whereas the academic discipline of astronomy studies observable phenomena beyond the Earth's atmosphere,  the pseudoscience of astrology uses the apparent positions of celestial objects as the basis for divination.

Overview
In pre-modern times, most cultures did not make a clear distinction between the two disciplines, putting them both together as one. In ancient Babylonia, famed for its astrology, there were not separate roles for the astronomer as predictor of celestial phenomena, and the astrologer as their interpreter; both functions were performed by the same person. This overlap does not mean that astrology and astronomy were always regarded as one and the same. In ancient Greece, pre-Socratic thinkers such as Anaximander, Xenophanes, Anaximenes, and Heraclides speculated about the nature and substance of the stars and planets. Astronomers such as Eudoxus (contemporary with Plato) observed planetary motions and cycles, and created a geocentric cosmological model that would be accepted by Aristotle. This model generally lasted until Ptolemy, who added epicycles to explain the retrograde motion of Mars. (Around 250 BC, Aristarchus of Samos postulated a proto-heliocentric theory, which would not be reconsidered for nearly two millennia (Copernicus), as Aristotle's geocentric model continued to be favored.) The Platonic school promoted the study of astronomy as a part of philosophy because the motions of the heavens demonstrate an orderly and harmonious cosmos. In the third century BC, Babylonian astrology began to make its presence felt in Greece. Astrology was criticized by Hellenistic philosophers such as the Academic Skeptic Carneades and Middle Stoic Panaetius. However, the notions of the Great Year (when all the planets complete a full cycle and return to their relative positions) and eternal recurrence were Stoic doctrines that made divination and fatalism possible.

In the Hellenistic world, the Greek words 'astrologia' and 'astronomia' were often used interchangeably, but they were conceptually not the same. Plato taught about 'astronomia' and stipulated that planetary phenomena should be described by a geometrical model. The first solution was proposed by Eudoxus. Aristotle favored a physical approach and adopted the word 'astrologia'. Eccentrics and epicycles came to be thought of as useful fictions. For a more general public, the distinguishing principle was not evident and either word was acceptable. For the Babylonian horoscopic practice, the words specifically used were 'apotelesma' and 'katarche', but otherwise it was subsumed under the aristotelian term 'astrologia'.

In his compilatory work Etymologiae, Isidore of Seville noted explicitly the difference between the terms astronomy and astrology (Etymologiae, III, xxvii) and the same distinction appeared later in the texts of Arabian writers. Isidore identified the two strands entangled in the astrological discipline and called them astrologia naturalis and astrologia superstitiosa.

Astrology was widely accepted in medieval Europe as astrological texts from Hellenistic and Arabic astrologers were translated into Latin. In the late Middle Ages, its acceptance or rejection often depended on its reception in the royal courts of Europe. Not until the time of Francis Bacon was astrology rejected as a part of scholastic metaphysics rather than empirical observation. A more definitive split between astrology and astronomy in the West took place gradually in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when astrology was increasingly thought of as an occult science or superstition by the intellectual elite. Because of their lengthy shared history, it sometimes happens that the two are confused with one another even today. Many contemporary astrologers, however, do not claim that astrology is a science, but think of it as a form of divination like the I-Ching, an art, or a part of a spiritual belief structure (influenced by trends such as Neoplatonism, Neopaganism, Theosophy, and Hinduism).

Distinguishing characteristics
The primary goal of astronomy is to understand the physics of the universe. Astrologers use astronomical calculations for the positions of celestial bodies along the ecliptic and attempt to correlate celestial events (astrological aspects, sign positions) with earthly events and human affairs. Astronomers consistently use the scientific method, naturalistic presuppositions and abstract mathematical reasoning to investigate or explain phenomena in the universe. Astrologers use mystical or religious reasoning as well as traditional folklore, symbolism and superstition blended with mathematical predictions to explain phenomena in the universe. The scientific method is not consistently used by astrologers.

Astrologers practice their discipline geocentrically and they consider the universe to be harmonious, changeless and static, while astronomers have employed the scientific method to infer that the universe is without a center and is dynamic, expanding outward per the Big Bang theory.

Astrologers believe that the position of the stars and planets determine an individual's personality and future. Astronomers study the actual stars and planets, but have found no evidence supporting astrological theories. Psychologists study personality, and while there are many theories of personality, no mainstream theories in that field are based on astrology. (The Myers-Briggs personality typology, based on the works of Carl Jung, has four major categories that correspond to the astrological elements of fire, air, earth, and water. This theory of personality is used by career counselors and life coaches but not by psychologists.)

Both astrologers and astronomers see Earth as being an integral part of the universe, that Earth and the universe are interconnected as one cosmos (not as being separate and distinct from each other). However, astrologers philosophically and mystically portray the cosmos as having a supernatural, metaphysical and divine essence that actively influences world events and the personal lives of people. Astronomers, as members of the scientific community, cannot use in their scientific articles explanations that are not derived from empirically reproducible conditions, irrespective of their personal convictions.

Historical divergence
For a long time the funding from astrology supported some astronomical research, which was in turn used to make more accurate ephemerides for use in astrology. In Medieval Europe the word Astronomia was often used to encompass both disciplines as this included the study of astronomy and astrology jointly and without a real distinction; this was one of the original Seven Liberal Arts. Kings and other rulers generally employed court astrologers to aid them in the decision making in their kingdoms, thereby funding astronomical research. University medical students were taught astrology as it was generally used in medical practice.

Astronomy and astrology diverged over the course of the 17th through 19th centuries. Copernicus did not practice astrology (nor empirical astronomy; his work was theoretical ), but the most important astronomers before Isaac Newton were astrologers by profession—Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei.

Also relevant here was the development of better timekeeping instruments, initially for aid in navigation; improved timekeeping made it possible to make more exact astrological predictions—predictions which could be tested, and which consistently proved to be false. By the end of the 18th century, astronomy was one of the major sciences of the Enlightenment model, using the recently codified scientific method, and was altogether distinct from astrology.

Astrology and Zodiac Signs in the Modern Age
Astrology is considered by many philosophers and astronomers to be a false representation of the universe that individuals may use to associate the movement of the celestial bodies to their own ideas of human life and spirituality. Although many scholars consider astrology to be a pseudoscience, those that believe in zodiac signs and their meanings will argue the opposite, and these followers will support their claims with explanations for how and why the universe is connected to the human condition. The most popular and well-known form of astrology is seen in horoscopes that people are exposed to through social media, popular news outlets, and digital media. The horoscopes allow people interested in astrology and zodiac signs to associate planets like Mars to human emotions such as drive and courage, and further increase the notion that these planets and their motions have an effect on their daily lives. Although astrology was considered factual predictions in ancient science, in modern times it is used as a spiritual belief system for many people. Ancient forms of astrology often combined with astronomy, but eventually split into separate paths during the time of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. Zodiac signs in modern times are constructed from constellations seen across the earth, and they are used to associate human emotions and tendencies with the stars and heavenly bodies. In some ways, astrology has become somewhat of a pseudo-religion, due to the emphasis put on the meanings of constellations and how they relate to each individual. One may "judge" another person based on their zodiac sign, simply because there are unique listed traits carried by each sign, which reflect on the person who it refers to. The signs that are attributed to individuals are based on the time of year that each individual was born in. For example, people born between April 19 and May 4 will carry the zodiac sign of Aries, and those born between July 21 and August 10 carry the Cancer sign. Despite the many individuals that consider zodiac astrology to be factual, many consider the horoscope meanings to be false and simply participate in this modern astrology for enjoyment. Lastly, zodiac signs and astrology in the modern era are very different from the astrology of the ancient world. The minimal technology, knowledge, and expertise of the ancient world allowed for the combination of astrology and astronomy to become the generally accepted explanation for the universe and its impact on human lives. Whereas in current times, astrology and astronomy are extremely different. Zodiac signs and horoscopes are a product of cultural developments (such as the internet) that allow for easy access to information on the horoscopes through social media, tabloids and news outlets that benefit from promoting these aspects of astrology. Many individuals that are interested in horoscopes are not aware that the signs and their respective dates are inaccurate, and do not have any basis in science. Due to the "trendy" nature of zodiac signs and their popularity, it is widely recognized as part of global culture. * Scorpio is not visible through the full period. Instead, the constellation Ophiuchus is visible during this time and so is a proposed 13th zodiac sign.

title: Astrology and astronomy


text:
Dębica County

Dębica County (powiat dębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Dębica, which lies 43 km west of the regional capital Rzeszów. The only other towns in the county are Pilzno, lying 12 km south-west of Dębica, and Brzostek, 19 km south of Dębica.

The county covers an area of 776.36 km2. As of 2019 its total population is 135,348, out of which the population of Dębica is 45,634, that of Pilzno is 4,912, that of Brzostek is 2,752, and the rural population is 82,050.

Neighbouring counties
Dębica County is bordered by Mielec County to the north, Ropczyce-Sędziszów County to the east, Strzyżów County to the south-east, Jasło County to the south, and Tarnów County and Dąbrowa County to the west.

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into seven gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and four rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.

Transport
Debica is the county's only rail junction, from which lines emerge in three directions – eastwards to Rzeszow, westwards to Tarnow and northwards to Mielec. The west–east line, which goes from Wrocław via Debica, to Przemyśl, is electrified and is regarded as one of the most important rail connections in Poland. The line to Mielec, which goes further northwards to Tarnobrzeg and Sandomierz, is of secondary importance and is not electrified.

The county is conveniently located along the longest route in Europe, E40. Also, in Pilzno, the E40 road crosses with Polish national main road number 73, which goes from Kielce to Jasło.

title: Dębica County


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Talk:Sunset

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 August 2021 and 1 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tam19, SabineElBaba2021.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:26, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Addition of descending fireball shot at end of section

 * Guys, I couldn't resist adding this. I think it ends the section before Eastern Colors very well, and puts an exclamation point on the article. However, if consensus doesn't care for it, please remove it with my blessings. Pocketthis (talk) 17:48, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

"western horizon"
Please see related discussion at Talk:Sunrise. Please respond there rather than here, in order to keep all the discussion in one place. Thank you. --Money money tickle parsnip (talk) 07:17, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

Although I find this article incredibly informative, the occasional lack of citations is somewhat concerning. Specifically, there are several facts in the passages under the introductory and "Occurrence" sections that do not have references, or the references that are cited fail to relay all the information that is mentioned in the article. The author does a good job of simply stating facts, but it would more helpful if he/she were to tell me where the all information came from. The standard wikipedia rule of at least one citation per paragraph is not followed (and in this case it seems necessary).

The author's discussion of twilight and dusk in the introductory portion of the article was at first somewhat distracting as I failed to see its relevance to sunsets. However, upon re-reading, it is clear that this brief discussion is useful as it tells us more about sunsets by drawing a comparison. Perhaps this could be placed in a different section so it is not one of the first things the reader sees.

The subheadings are well organized, follow a logical order, and seem to answer all the questions I (an average reader) would have about the topic. There is no clear bias and the author uses a wide range of reliable sources (according to the wikipedia definition of the term). It might be interesting to see if there has been any new information published about sunsets that could be used to update the article as the most recent source that was referenced was published 6 years ago in 2011. Berkeley17 (talk) 03:11, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

What's the name for the angle of the setting sun?
I was reading the double sunset article and see that for that phenomena to work that you need to be far enough to the north or south of the equator that the apparent path of the Sun draws an angle across the sky. What's the name of this angle? The azimuth is the angle from north to where the Sun is. The altitude (also known as the elevation) is the angle from the horizon up to the Sun (or down below the horizon if the Sun is no longer visible. Is there a word that's for the tilt or angle of the Sun's apparent movement across the sky with respect to the horizon? When I've been just south of the Arctic circle in the summertime the Sun appears to move westward or from left to right in a circle around me. At noon it's a bit above the horizon and is at its highest altitude/elevation. Sunset is shortly before midnight where the Sun skims a little bit below the horizon (the sky stays lit) for a bit, and then is visible as sunrise is starts less than an hour after sunset. What at the equator the Sun appears to sink straight down into the horizon. Those are the two extremes for the angle of the Sun relative to the horizon.  Above the Arctic circle the Sun never sets bit there's still an angle between its highest point at noon) and lowest point at midnight. --Marc Kupper|talk 05:08, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

SUNSET I love the sunset it is so nice and it is the best thing to watch and it just makes me so happy and is so calming — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:1483:5800:2CCE:80B7:EB59:9E76 (talk) 04:48, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Sunset
Sunset Artist christine joy olivarez The sunset is 123.253.137.29 (talk) 14:49, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

Bebi
Grash Black '' 2409:4070:8E89:20D9:0:0:634B:3B02 (talk) 06:58, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sunset


text:
Andrew Dilnot

Sir Andrew William Dilnot, (born 19 June 1960) is a British economist and broadcaster. He was Director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies from 1991 to 2002, and Principal of St Hugh's College, Oxford from 2002 to 2012, when he became Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford. He served as Chair of the UK Statistics Authority from April 2012 until March 2017.

Early life and education
Dilnot attended Olchfa School, Swansea, a state comprehensive school. He also attended Maidstone Grammar School. He studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at St John's College, Oxford.

Career
Dilnot was Director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies from 1991 to 2002.

Dilnot was a presenter on BBC Radio 4's programme about statistics More or Less. Many of the items on the programme deal with the misuse and fabrication of statistics. Dilnot and Michael Blastland wrote The Tiger That Isn't, which was based on More or Less.

Dilnot became Principal of St Hugh's College in 2002, then the only Head of House at an Oxford college educated at a comprehensive school. He became a Pro Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University in 2005.

On 16 March 2011, it was announced that "with very mixed emotions" Dilnot was to leave St Hugh's College in September 2012 to become Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford, "which will allow me to spend much more time doing economics again."

In 2011, the government nominated Dilnot to be Chair of the UK Statistics Authority. Parliament formally endorsed the appointment on 13 December 2011. Andrew Dilnot is no longer chair of the authority, having stood down in 2017.

In 2019, Dilnot became chair of the Health Foundation's oversight board for the REAL Centre (formerly Health and Social Care Sustainability Research Centre), which was set up to help health and social care policymakers consider long-term implications of their funding, design and delivery decisions.

Commission on Funding of Care and Support
In June 2010, Dilnot was asked by the government to chair the Commission on Funding of Care and Support. He took a sabbatical from St Hugh's College from March to July 2011.

The commission published its report in July 2011. The commission's primary recommendation was to limit individuals' contribution to social care costs to £35,000, after which the state would pay. Currently, individuals who do not fit means-tested criteria can be liable for unlimited costs.

The commission's report was welcomed by Health Secretary Andrew Lansley, and both David Cameron and Ed Miliband called for cross-party talks on the issue.

Honours
Dilnot was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2000 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to Economics and Economic Policy.

He is an Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Oxford, Queen Mary University of London, the Swansea Institute of Higher Education and the Institute of Actuaries, and holds honorary doctorates from City University and the Open University.

Interests
Dilnot has taken up the Northumbrian smallpipes as an adult learner.

title: Andrew Dilnot


text: File:First Daughter poster.jpg

title: File:First Daughter poster.jpg


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First Daughter (2004 film)

First Daughter is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film released by 20th Century Fox. It stars Katie Holmes as Samantha MacKenzie, daughter of the President of the United States, who enrolls at college and develops a relationship with another student (Marc Blucas). The film follows Samantha as she experiences a new sense of freedom during her time away from the White House, and the advantages and disadvantages of her college life. It co-stars Michael Keaton as the President of the United States and Amerie as Samantha's roommate, Mia Thompson.

The film was directed by Forest Whitaker, written by Jessica Bendinger and Kate Kondell from a story by Bendinger and Jerry O'Connell, and produced by John Davis. The film languished in "development hell" for five years, finally being completed and released eight months after the similar Chasing Liberty (2004). The film was a commercial failure upon its release, and received primarily negative reviews.

Plot
Samantha MacKenzie is the only child of U.S. President John MacKenzie. Because of her father's political career, she has been in the public eye her entire life and spent most of her high school years in the White House. Having to deal with lack of privacy and public scrutiny for the most ridiculous things, Sam has had a sheltered existence and her father has trouble letting her have more freedom yet is too busy to spend time with her.

Though her mother Melanie is supportive, she still stands by her husband's decisions, leaving Sam feeling restricted from having a normal life. Accompanied by Secret Service agents everywhere she goes, and with her father running for re-election, Sam finally believes she has the chance to break out of her cocoon when she is given the opportunity to attend college in California.

At school, Sam ends up sharing a dorm room with boy-crazed Mia Thompson, who is hesitant at first to room with the first daughter, but eventually warms to her. After her Secret Service agents tackle a student brandishing a water gun at a pool party and hastily evacuate her from the premises, she insists that her detail be reduced to just two agents, which her father begrudgingly agrees to. Settling into some semblance of normalcy, she meets and becomes interested in fellow student James Lansome, her resident advisor.

James helps her avoid paparazzi, escape her security team, and experience life as a normal girl. They discuss their deepest thoughts and wishes, and Sam tells him that although she is never alone, she is often lonely. She says she always wanted to get in an old Volkswagen and drive herself off to college, with no babysitters or parents. To thank James and Mia for their tolerance of her complicated world, Sam flies them home to D.C. to attend a ball, with the dresses delivered to her personally by Vera Wang. Outside the ball, a protest causes her security team to evacuate her again, when she discovers that James is actually an agent and has been protecting her all along.

Heartbroken and betrayed, Sam tries to readjust to college life, but an attempt to make James jealous only results in her drunken photo splashed across tabloid articles. She returns home to help her father on the last stretch of his campaign, while James is disciplined for failure to act in a manner becoming of an agent. Sam asks her father to make sure James's career is not ruined by their romance, to which he agrees.

The President wins re-election and dances with Sam at his inauguration ball, referencing something she told him in his speech and acknowledging she is now a grown woman and worthy of his respect. She is surprised and pleased to see that James is in attendance at the ball, having been reassigned to the presidential detail. They dance, and he gives her keys to an old Volkswagen (her dream car) and encourages her to go "break some rules."

The film ends with Sam driving off in her car heading back to college and the narrator telling us that she will be back in the Spring, and reunite with James.

Cast
In addition, making cameo appearances as themselves, are Vera Wang, Joan Rivers, Melissa Rivers and Jay Leno. Opening and closing narration is provided by the film's director, Forest Whitaker.

Production
The film began development in March 1999, when actor Jerry O'Connell sold a screenplay he had written to Regency Enterprises for a six figure sum, with O'Connell also intending to star in the film. Originally to shoot in the summer of that year, the project was pushed back to the spring of 2000 (under the direction of Brian Robbins) to allow O'Connell to film Mission to Mars, and then Rob Thomas was hired to rewrite the script; O'Connell later received a "story by" credit for the film from the Writers Guild of America. For unknown reasons, the film was not produced at that time, though the film's original producer, Mike Karz, did receive a producer credit on the final print of the film.

Filming began on June 2, 2003 on a budget of $30 million, and continued into July. The film was shot on location in Southern California. For the opening scene, where Samantha descends a red-carpeted stairway, the lobby of the Los Angeles Theatre in Los Angeles was used, while the auditorium of the building was used for a scene where Samantha and James go to see a movie. On-campus scenes were shot at UCLA, and the Huntington Library in San Marino stood in for the exterior of the building in the first scene.

Critical response
The film received primarily negative reviews.

Reviewer Mike McGranaghan pointed out that the film was very similar to that of the concurrently-made film Chasing Liberty, which coincidentally had the working title First Daughter, and which also involved a plot where the President's daughter tried to experience life away from the White House.

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times gave the film a negative review and wrote it "Plays more like a nightmare than a dream, and an exceedingly unnerving one at that. Sam isn't just a prisoner of her parents' ambitions; like nearly everyone else in this film, she's a zombie, sleepwalking through life while Rome burns." Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post called the film, "One hackneyed, inauthentic, predictable scene after another."

Writing for the Newhouse News Service, Stephen Whitty described the film as being "crammed full of threadbare fairy-tale imagery" and that "the plot has as much energy as the old Gephardt campaign".

Box office
The film was a box-office bomb. Given a wide release on 2,260 screens, it opened in fifth place at the box office, but fell out of the Top 10 by its third weekend; it was reduced to fewer than 200 screens by its fifth week. Overall, First Daughter grossed $9.1million in the United States and Canada, and $1.5million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $10.6million, against a budget of $30million.

title: First Daughter (2004 film)


text:
Norma Arm

The Norma Arm is a minor spiral arm of the Milky Way extending from and around its central hub region. The inner portion of the Arm is called the Norma Arm in narrow meaning. The outer end of it is identified either with the Cygnus Arm (not to be confused with local and minor Orion-Cygnus Arm), which lies outside the Perseus Arm, or the Outer Arm, which is located farther away from the center of the Galaxy than the Cygnus Arm. The Norma Arm begins $2.2 kpc$ from the Galactic Center, and extends outward to a radius of $15.5 kpc$. It is named for the Norma constellation, through which the Arm as seen from Earth passes.

Like many other galaxies of similar type, the Milky Way consists of a large mass of stars shaped into the form of a relatively flat disc by gravity. The disc is rotating, with the dense central body of stars moving at greater speeds than those toward the rim of the disc. As a result, the pattern of stars within the Galaxy as viewed from directly above or below the disc has formed into a spiral.

Because of localised gravitational variations, the spiral pattern has itself formed several distinct 'spiral arms', where particularly large numbers of stars can be found.

title: Norma Arm


text:
Family First

Family First may refer to:

 * Family First (film), also known as Chien de garde, a 2018 Canadian crime film
 * Family First Party, a historical Australian political party
 * Family First Party (2021), another Australian political party unrelated to the former party of the same name
 * Family First New Zealand, a New Zealand lobby group
 * Families First, a charity organization in the United States
 * Families First, a name used in some parts of the UK for the Troubled Families programme
 * Family First, a former name of the Nebraska Family Alliance
 * Family First Incorporation, (often abbreviated as F1i) is an American record label and film production company founded by Devarus "LookImHD" McKinney in March 2017.

title: Family First


text:
Olofström

Olofström, previously Holje by, is a locality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 7,327 inhabitants in 2010. in 1967, the market town of Olofström was merged with the villages Kyrkhult and Jämshög to create Olofström Municipality. Olofström is the seat of Olofström Municipality. The increased use of cars in the 1950s and 1960s was the great boost for the municipality. Today the automobile industry, dominated by Volvo Cars, is the largest employer in Olofström.

Olofström Church
Olofström church (Olofströms kyrka) belongs to Jämshög's parish in the Diocese of Lund. The original building is a chapel built in 1933. A rebuild was completed in 1962 under the guidance of architects Hanna and Roy Victorson in Karlshamn. The entrance hall and the parish hall's northwest wing were built in 1986 under the direction of architectural firm K.E. Dudzik.

Education
The gymnasium, Nordenbergsskolan, accommodates one of the few orienteering schools in Sweden, as well as the only archery school in Sweden.

Sports
Olofström is home to football club, floorball club Olofströms IBK and ice hockey club Olofströms IK.

Natives from Olofström

 * Jan Gunnarsson - (born May 30, 1962), professional tennis player
 * Magnus Larsson - (born March 25, 1970) professional tennis player

title: Olofström


text:
Karlskrona

Karlskrona is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Historically, the city has been home to a German minority, thus enabling the formation of a German Congregational church. It also counted Jewish people in its population.

In 1998, parts of the city, including the Karlskrona naval base, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
Under Danish rule, the island on which Karlskrona was built, Trossö, was used chiefly for farming and grazing. During the 16th century, it was owned by the farmer Offe Månsson. A couple of kilometers away on the mainland there was another, older town called Lyckeby or Lyckå (today a city district of Karlskrona). In 1599, King Christian IV of Denmark founded a new town, Kristianopel, a little further away. Lyckeby lost its town privileges which were transferred to the new town, and Lyckeby Castle was torn down.

At the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 during the Second Northern War, Blekinge fell under Swedish rule. In the subsequent years, the Swedish government developed plans to relocate most of the Royal Swedish Navy from the Stockholm area to a more southerly location. At the time Sweden was the dominant military power in the Baltic Sea region, but needed a better strategic location for its navy, as the Swedish fleet tended to get stuck in the ice during winter while located close to Stockholm. It was therefore decided to move it to an ice-free location in the newly conquered province, which also offered a very strategic position against Denmark, and with short sailing distances to Sweden's German and Baltic provinces.

It was decided to base most of the kingdom's fleet on Trossö where a new naval base and city was to be constructed. The location was strategically advantageous on an island in the archipelago with control over the link to the mainland and surrounded by islets where fortifications were erected to protect the naval base. Until 1679, the island and the nearby islets were owned by the farmer Vittus Andersson; he was now forced to sell his properties to the Swedish crown. The same year work on relocating the navy from the Stockholm area to Trossö begun.

The city itself was founded on 10 August 1680. The city's name means Karl's Crown in honour of King Karl XI of Sweden, the name being inspired by the name of the older city of Landskrona in Scania. The nearby town of Ronneby was dissolved as a town and its population forced to move to Karlskrona which benefited from several years of customs freedom. Shipbuilders for the shipyards of the new naval base were brought in from Ostrobothnia and Stockholm.

In 1682, bridges were built that connected the city center with the mainland. The first city plan, drawn up in 1683 by Erik Dahlbergh, Hans Wachtmeister and Carl Magnus Stuart, shows Karlskrona as a pure fortress. The 1694 plan by Erik Dahlberg, which was later followed, also provided space for urban development. The city grew quickly and by 1750 Karlskrona had about 10,000 inhabitants. It was then one of the biggest cities in the country and soon became the kingdom's third largest city, after Riga and Stockholm. Most of the baroque buildings from this era are still standing, which is why the city centre is architecturally uniform.

The shipyard in Karlskrona was established almost at the same time as the city. It was a necessity because of the heavy losses the Swedish navy had suffered in 1659. In 1711, the shipyard was Sweden's largest industrial employer with 1,100 workers. The oldest dock, the Polhem dock, is cut in the cliff itself and is still in use. It got its name from Christopher Polhem ("The Swedish da Vinci", a famous scientist with several inventions still in use). There is also a historical rope making factory, Repslagarbanan.

Karlskrona developed rapidly, but in the early 18th century stagnation occurred due to war and plagues. 1701 — 1711 died about 7,000 people when the plague struck the city. In 1741 and 1789, the city was again hit by plagues, each claiming 6,000 lives.

When Karlskrona, as a military-closed port city, slowly withered away in step with the Swedish great power, the growth slowed, with the city losing much of its former glory, but it has nevertheless retained its position as a strong naval base. That Karlskrona was intended as a future capital of a great power is noticeable mainly in its central parts where Stortorget follows the ideals of the time for what Europe's great power cities would look like. With its large open piazza where the church, town hall and state administration are located in the outer edges of the square, it follows the baroque pattern. The number of churches and state administration castles also shows the city's intended task. The large military area and the shipyard show that Karlskrona, as the kingdom's southern gate, was long considered a very important city to defend. Even today, operations are conducted at Karlskronavarvet. Karlskrona was thus intended to take over Stockholm's place as the kingdom's capital, but these plans were never realized.

During the years 1910 — 1949, there was electric tram traffic from Amiralitetsgatan in the south to Bergåsa in the north.

The city has kept its street structure since its foundation. Since the streets all follow a grid pattern the winds can blow freely from the sea right into the heart of the city.

Parts of the city (mainly the Naval Port) have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In October 1981 the Whiskey-class Soviet submarine S-363 (known as "U137" in Sweden) ran aground in the archipelago near Sturkö just outside Karlskrona. The media characterized it as the "Whiskey on the Rocks" affair. The incident caused a temporary rise in tensions between Sweden and the Soviet Union. While the submarine's grounding was inadvertent, and likely the result of inebriation among the crew, the submarine almost certainly was engaged in an unspecified covert mission at the time.

Geography
The city of Karlskrona is spread over 30 islands in the eastern part of Blekinge archipelago, Trossö being the main one. Other populated mentionable islands are Saltö, Sturkö, Hästö, Långö and Aspö. The islet of Stumholmen was formerly property of the Navy and today it houses the National Naval Museum (Marinmuseum). Outside the city lies the archipelago of Karlskrona, the most southern of the Swedish archipelagos. Several islands are connected to the city by ferries.

Culture and heritages
The most important day in Karlskrona is the day before midsummer's eve. On that day a big fair takes place and attracts tens of thousands to visit Karlskrona. The fair is called Lövmarknaden (The Leaf Fair) and is very popular among the locals.

The main square of Karlskrona is the biggest in Scandinavia.

Every year in late July/early August a popular festival called The Sail takes place in the harbor of Karlskrona. Usually it is a place where families go to have something to eat and drink, and perhaps watch the sailing boats lined up at the pier. During the sail, the sea scouts of Karlskrona will row a boat carrying torches along the docks while playing the national anthems for the visiting ships.

Lately The Sail has been replaced with a festival called Skärgårdsfest.

The old architecture together with the naval installations comprise the major tourist attractions of Karlskrona. The city has a pleasant atmosphere and is one of the highlights of south-east Sweden.

Architectural Heritage
Karlskrona has preserved its buildings and its layout virtually intact since its foundation.

When the city was founded in 1680, it was primarily thought of as a military city, with many defenses and fortifications exploiting the particular topography of the city. Some fortifications were located on the main island (Trossö) such as the Bastion Aurora, built at the beginning of the 18th century, but much of it was located on the nearby islands (Ljungskär, Mjölnareholmen, Godnatt, Koholmen and Kurrholmen) or more distant, such as the islands closing the bay, with in particular the important fortress of Kungsholmen and its circular port.

Museums
The most visited museum of the city is the Naval Museum, with around 250,000 visitors a year. About half of those visitors are Swedish, the other half from other countries. The Naval Museum is Sweden's national museum for the history of the Swedish Navy. Along with exhibitions, the museum contains object collections, a drawings archive, photographic archive and a library. The museum is also involved in research.

The present museum building on Stumholmen in Karlskrona was opened in 1997 by the present king Carl XVI Gustaf. Before that the museum lay in the former cadet barracks in the naval harbour, Örlogshamnen, and until 1963 was known as the Shipyard Museum (Varvsmuseet).

The museum is based on the "model room" created in 1752 by King Adolf Frederick of Sweden, in which several boat models were stored in order to test different types of structures. Nowadays, these models still form the core of the museum's collection, but the museum also traces the history of the Royal Swedish Navy.

The city is also home to the Blekinge Museum, with 82,443 visitors in 2008.

Economy
Some of the biggest employers in Karlskrona are Telenor, Ericsson, NKT and Roxtec. The city has an overall strong presence in information technology based industries.

Transport
The city is positioned at the south east corner of Sweden with excellent connections to the other side of the Baltic Sea. There is a ferry line to Gdynia in Poland transporting both goods and passengers provided by the ferry operator Stena Line.

Most of the islands of Karlskrona are connected by roads. One of the bigger populated Islands Aspö is connected with a small road ferry. Boats also travel between the archipelago's various islands during the summer months.

Truck transport
The city is close to the European Highway 22, connected by a small section of highway, part of the national road 28. The E22 connects the main cities of southern Sweden such as Malmö, Lund, Kristianstad, then climbs along the east coast towards Kalmar and Norrköping. The national road 28 connects the Karlstad to Emmaboda.

Rail transport

The city being one of the most important in Sweden, with in particular a large shipyard, the need for railway was great. The city received its first railway line in 1874, connecting it to Växjö, which itself was connected since 1865 to the main line Södra stambanan. The line then came to the north of the city center of Karlskrona. The shipyard, further south, was connected in 1888, thanks to an underground line of 2 km, but the line closed in 1990. This line is now part of the Kust till Kust banan, linking Göteborg and Kalmar. The town received a new railway line in 1889 when the future Blekinge kustbana, linking Kristianstad to Karlskrona, was built.

Maritime transport
There is a regular ferry service from Karlskrona to Gdynia in Poland, operated by Stena Line, with an average of two return trips per day. This line carries nearly 500,000 people a year. The port of Karlskrona also serves the archipelago of Blekinge.

Air transport
The nearest airport to the city is Ronneby Airport, near Ronneby, with scheduled flights to Stockholm (Bromma and Arlanda). 191,168 people transited through this airport in 2009.

Religion
There are three important churches in Karlskrona. Fredrikskyrkan (The Frederick church) was designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, who was influenced by Italian architecture. The foundation of that church was laid in 1720, and it was inaugurated in 1744. It differs from usual Swedish churches in its orange color, adornment and its two towers despite not being a bishop's church.

Trefaldighetskyrkan (Church of Holy Trinity), also called The German Church, was built between 1697–1709, following Tessin's drawings. It is likewise located at the market square in the centre core. The dome-shaped roof also takes its influence from Italian architecture and is rarely seen on Swedish churches.

Karlskrona Admiralty Church (Amiralitetskyrkan) was built in 1685 in red-painted wood and is one of Sweden's largest wooden churches. Outside the church there is a well-known statue called Rosenbom.

Parishes

 * Karlskrona City Parish (from 10 August 1680)
 * Karlskrona German Parish (from 10 August 1680 to 1 November 1846)
 * Karlskrona Prisoner's Parish (from 1808 to 4 July 1866)
 * The Mosaic Parish in Karlskrona (1785 to 1994)
 * Royal Karlskrona Admiralty Parish (from 1681, a non-territorial parish)

There is also a Catholic Church, Our Lady of Fatima, at Södra Kungsgatan 1, 371 30 Karlskrona

Education

The city is the main campus of Blekinge tekniska högskola, an Institute of Technology founded in 1989, which is one of the few högskolor (university colleges) in Sweden with the right to issue a doctorate, thus having a status quite similar to that of a real university. The institute employs about 600 people and hosts about 8,000 students.

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Karlskrona:
 * Karlskrona HK
 * FK Karlskrona
 * Hästö IF
 * Pillagers HC
 * FBC Karlskrona
 * Carlskrona IF

Prominent People from Karlskrona

 * Lars-Owe Carlberg - Film Producer
 * Bengt Ernryd - Jazz Musician och composer
 * Kerstin Nerbe - Conductor
 * Stig Ahlgren - Writer
 * Johannes Braun (1799-1859) the Paul Revere of California

In literature
In The Surgeon's Mate by Patrick O'Brian, Karlskrona is the base for the British Baltic fleet, approximately 1813, when the two nations were at peace with each other and allied against Napoleon. Captain Jack Aubrey and Stephen Maturin start an action to free a group of Catalan forces still in French service on a fictional island on the Pomeranian coast. The estimable Vice Admiral Sir James Saumarez is still in command of the Baltic fleet for the purpose of the novel.

title: Karlskrona