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Christy Hemme

Christina Lee Hemme (born October 28, 1980) is an American retired professional wrestler, ring announcer, backstage interviewer, singer, and model. She is best known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as a ring announcer and one of the original Knockouts, and as a former wrestler in the WWE. She was also the winner of the 2004 WWE Diva Search, receiving $250,000 and a one-year contract with the company.

Early life
Hemme was born in Poway, California, but she grew up in Temecula, California. She enjoyed racing street bikes and dirt bikes. She was a "self-described" tomboy. She grew up watching wrestling and favored The Undertaker.

She was a cheerleader for two years at Temecula Valley High School. She graduated in 1998 at age seventeen. Hemme attended Mt. San Jacinto College, where she majored in dance.

Modeling career
After graduating, she relocated to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in modeling. Hemme initially joined a burlesque dance team known as "The Purrfect Angelz". She performed at Easyrider tours and Harley motorcycle rallies. She went on to appear in magazines such as Maxim, Playboy, Rolling Stone, and Stuff. In addition, she appeared in the music video of the Trace Adkins songs "Chrome", and "Honky Tonk Badonkadonk" and in videos for bands Blink-182 and Sonic. She also had parts in commercials for AT&T Corporation and TrimSpa, and she was a spokesmodel for Hawaiian Tropic. Other early jobs included a waitressing job at Hooters.

In past years, her image has also been found on Bench Warmer trading cards as Christy "Sunni" Hemme. As Sunni, she was Bullz-eye.com's featured model in September 2002. Her modeling career led to her joining the cast of Comedy Central's The Man Show as a member of the "Juggy Dance Squad" in 2003. Hemme remained with the series for a year, during which she appeared on The Commies, a Comedy Central produced award show, on December 7, 2003.

Hemme took part in the 2004 Lingerie Bowl. She appeared on the cover of the April 2005 issue of Playboy magazine. Before appearing nude in the magazine, Hemme got the permission of her father, who had previously requested that she never pose nude. She also competed as a quarterback for the Chicago Bliss Lingerie Football League team in the 2006 Lingerie Bowl.

Diva Search (2004)
In mid-2004, Hemme participated in the Diva Search, a competition held by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) to recruit new WWE Divas. In the course of the competition, Hemme and the five other finalists faced seven existing Divas in a game of dodgeball at SummerSlam on August 15, eliminating all eight Divas with the loss of just one finalist, Joy Giovanni. Hemme was announced as the winner of the competition on September 20, with a prize of a one-year contract with WWE, with remuneration of $250,000.

Brand switches (2004–2005)
Hemme began her WWE career as a member of the Raw roster. She quickly began a feud with Carmella DeCesare, the runner-up of the Diva Search. The feud culminated in a "lingerie pillow fight" at Taboo Tuesday on October 19, which Hemme won.

Following her feud with DeCesare, Hemme began a rivalry with WWE Women's Champion Trish Stratus. Stratus, along with Molly Holly and Gail Kim, threw Hemme an initiation party, but, it soon turned into a 3-on-1 Bra and Panties Handicap match, which Hemme lost. As Stratus was ostensibly scornful of Hemme's appearance in the April 2005 issue of Playboy, Stratus interrupted Hemme's unveiling and spray painted all over the cover. Hemme responded by slapping her, which resulted in Stratus knocking her out with a Chick Kick and spraying the word "slut" on her back. Hemme eventually challenged Stratus to a match at WrestleMania 21, with Stratus's nemesis Lita training her in the weeks preceding the event. At the event on April 3, Hemme unsuccessfully challenged Stratus for the Women's Championship.

In the months after WrestleMania, Hemme began a feud with Victoria, who claimed to be jealous of the opportunities afforded to Hemme. Hemme would feud with Victoria during Raw house shows, and defeated her on several occasions. On the June 6 episode of Raw, Hemme teamed up with Rosey and The Hurricane in a losing effort to Victoria and The Heart Throbs (Antonio and Romeo) in a six-person mixed tag team match. The feud culminated in a bout at Vengeance on June 26, which Victoria won. With her feud with Victoria over, Hemme briefly aligned herself with Eugene, before she and Stacy Keibler were traded to the SmackDown! brand in exchange for Candice Michelle and Torrie Wilson, on August 25.

On the September 30 episode of SmackDown!, Hemme began a feud with Melina, the valet of MNM, after losing to her in a singles match, and in the process joined forces with the Legion of Doom. At No Mercy on October 9, Hemme and the Legion of Doom defeated MNM in a six-person intergender tag team match. Her feud with Melina continued on November 25 with Melina defeating Hemme.

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2005)
On November 30, Hemme debuted in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), a WWE developmental territory, aligning herself with Matt Cappotelli in opposition to Aaron Stevens, Beth Phoenix, and Shelly Martinez. On the December 7 episode of OVW TV, Hemme teamed up with Cappotelli in a winning effort defeating Stevens, Phoenix, and Martinez in three-on-two handicap match.

On December 5, 2005, Hemme was released from her WWE contract. The release happened shortly after WWE asked her to relocate to Louisville, Kentucky to train at OVW. The company cited budget cuts and the creative team having nothing for her as the reason for her dismissal.

In November 2008, in her column for TNAwrestling.com, Hemme stated her departure from WWE was on her own terms.

Return to WWE (2017)
Hemme appeared at the 2017 WWE Hall of Fame to support Beth Phoenix, the first time she has been seen in the WWE since 2005.

The Rock 'n Rave Infection (2006–2008)
Hemme signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in April 2006, and she debuted on April 23 at Lockdown. In addition to her hosting role on Impact!, she was also the co-host of the Internet show TNA Global Impact! with Jeremy Borash. At Hardcore War, Hemme refereed a match between Traci and Gail Kim. In July 2006, she was featured on the Women of Action special. She also began traveling to Windsor, Ontario to train under TNA agent Scott D'Amore in between TNA television tapings. Hemme was also voted the 2006 Knockout of the Year.

On January 14, 2007, at Final Resolution, Hemme interrupted the Voodoo Kin Mafia (VKM) and cut a promo about the involvement of women in wrestling. She said that she wanted to wrestle too, and the mostly male crowd in the TNA arena jeered her. Kip James called her a "slut", which garnered him a slap from Hemme, while B.G. James attempted to play peacemaker, turning Hemme heel in the process. In the following weeks, Kip and Hemme argued over his lack of respect for her and women in general. Hemme made her TNA in-ring debut at Against All Odds, where she wrestled and defeated "The Big Fat Oily Guy" in a Tuxedo match, but after his match, Kip James stripped her of her clothes. On the March 8 episode of Impact, Hemme asked Jim Cornette for a match pitting the Voodoo Kin Mafia against her new, previously undisclosed, team, at Destination X. Cornette consented and booked the match. At the pay-per-view, Hemme introduced The Heartbreakers. Despite Hemme's attempts to give Kip James a low blow, the VKM defeated her team, who she later browbeat at ringside. Hemme later announced that she had found another team to face the VKM. On the pre-show prior to the Lockdown pay-per-view, the mystery team was revealed to be Serotonin (Havok and Kaz), but VKM defeated them as well. She then brought in Basham and Damaja as her new permanent tag team in her battle with VKM. The team beat Kip in a handicap match at Sacrifice, as B.G. had been attacked by them earlier in the night. At Slammiversary, VKM beat Basham and Damaja, but VKM's associate Lance Hoyt turned on them and kissed Hemme. at Bound for Glory, Hemme competed in the Gauntlet for the Gold match to crown the first TNA Women's Knockout Champion but was unable to continue and was removed from the match by EMTs.

Basham and Damaja were then released from the company, and Hoyt formed a partnership with Jimmy Rave, dubbed The Rock 'n Rave Infection, with Hemme as their manager. In the winter of 2007, Hemme, Rave, and Hoyt began a feud with The Latin American Xchange (LAX) faction after being attacked several times by a mysterious assailant. The assailant was revealed to be Salinas at Final Resolution following LAX's victory over the Infection. Shortly after Final Resolution, The Rock 'n Rave Infection began a new gimmick, portraying a rock band, with Hemme as the lead singer. On the March 13 episode of Impact, Hemme, Rave and Hoyt won a six-person tag team match against LAX after Hemme hit Salinas with a guitar. At No Surrender, Hemme, Hoyt, and Rave lost in an intergender six-person tag team match against the Prince Justice Brotherhood (Shark Boy, Curry Man, and Super Eric).

Singles competition (2008–2009)
On the October 16, 2008 episode of Impact!, Hoyt and Rave were attacked by Kurt Angle, and were hospitalized. As Hemme attempted to leave the building and go to the hospital, The Beautiful People (Angelina Love and Velvet Sky) and Cute Kip confronted and insulted her, which led to the trio attacking her and placing a brown paper bag over her head. Hemme transitioned into a face by defeating Sky on the October 23, 2008 episode of Impact!. She feuded with the Beautiful People, which resulted in two consecutive tag team matches with ODB and Sojourner Bolt as per partners, respectively. After showcasing improved wrestling skills, Hemme was then placed into a more active in-ring role, being pushed to challenge Awesome Kong for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship at Final Resolution, after defeating Raisha Saeed on the November 27 episode of TNA Impact!. Hemme then teamed with A.J. Styles in a mixed tag team match against Kong and Scott Steiner, where Hemme pinned Kong. At Final Resolution, Hemme was attacked by Saeed and Rhaka Khan and won the match by disqualification, and thus Kong retained the title. Hemme was subsequently granted a rematch at Genesis. A week later, Hemme teamed with ODB against Khan and Saeed in a winning effort. In January 2009, Hemme sustained a neck injury while training in the ring with Styles for her match, and was deemed unable to compete at Genesis.

After a seven-month absence, Hemme returned on the August 13, 2009 episode of Impact!, defeating Sojournor Bolt. The following week on Impact, she formed an alliance with her former rival Tara, when they helped save Madison Rayne from an attack from Angelina Love and Velvet Sky. Later that night, Hemme competed in a four-way match against Sarita, Awesome Kong and Traci Brooks, which Brooks won. On the September 3 episode of Impact, Hemme competed in the first round of the tournament for the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship alongside her tag partner Tara against Sojourner Bolt and Hamada, which Hemme and Tara won. However, on September 17, the duo lost in the semi-finals to the Beautiful People due to interference from Madison Rayne. On the October 1 episode of Impact!, Hemme defeated Traci Brooks in a "Battle of the Playboy Models" match, but was attacked by Brooks after the match. On the October 29 episode of Impact!, Hemme teamed with Hamada and ODB in a six-woman tag team match, where they were defeated by Rayne, Sky and Lacey Von Erich, after Von Erich pinned Hemme.

Ring announcer and interviewer (2009–2016)
On the December 10 episode of Impact! Hemme debuted in her new role as a backstage interviewer. On December 16, 2009, Hemme announced her retirement from in-ring competition. On April 7, 2010, Dixie Carter announced that Hemme had signed a new multi-year deal with the company. On the December 2 episode on Impact!, Hemme was involved in a small backstage catfight with Cookie during a brawl with Cookie's cohort, X Division Champion Robbie E, and Jay Lethal. On the December 16 episode of Impact!, Hemme came out during an X Division Championship match between Robbie E and Lethal and handcuffed herself to Cookie, thus preventing her from interfering in the match and subsequently costing Robbie the X Division Championship. After the match, Hemme and Lethal celebrated, which led to a kiss between the two.

On the April 28, 2011 episode of Impact!, Hemme began working as a ring announcer. On the September 20, 2012 episode of Impact Open Fight Night, Hemme was called out by Tara, only to be attacked by her after she refused to say Tara was her favorite Knockout. Miss Tessmacher then made the save for Hemme.

In November 2013, Hemme was put in a storyline with Samuel Shaw, after Hemme interviewed Shaw at his home. Shaw later became an obsessed fan of Hemme, and started asking her on dates, including one in his house, where it was shown that Shaw had a room full of posters and a mannequin of Hemme. Hemme was confronted by Shaw on the February 27 episode of Impact Wrestling after an incident the previous week, in which she was injured when Shaw attacked Mr. Anderson. Hemme was used as a shield by Shaw to fend off Mr. Anderson after Anderson attempted to save Hemme from Shaw after she slapped him as well as exact revenge for the previous week's attack.

On April 7, 2014, Hemme was announced as member of the TNA creative team. On April 24, 2015, episode of Impact Wrestling, Hemme was attacked by the debuting Jade and Marti Bell of The Dollhouse, after Jade lost a match to Laura Dennis. In February 2016, Hemme took an hiatus from TNA being replaced by Jeremy Borash. On April 1, 2016, she announced her departure from TNA.

Independent circuit (2006–2009, 2011)
In November 2006, Hemme participated in the Queens of Chaos shows in Paris, France. She wrestled in a pair of singles matches against the villainous April Hunter; Hemme won the first match, but lost the second. She then defeated British wrestler Minx to earn the right to referee the championship match, which was eventually won by Hunter. On July 21, 2007, Hemme defeated Ann Brookstone at a Heavy on Wrestling event in Superior, Wisconsin with Nora Greenwald acting as Special Guest Referee. She has also competed in Women Superstars Uncensored under the ring name Kristy Hemme.

Christy made her debut for Northeast Wrestling (NEW) on the November 7, 2009 at the Saugerties Slam pay-per-view, where competed against Velvet Sky. On November 13, at the Hart Attack pay-per-view, Hemme captured her first victory, defeating Alexxis Nevaeh with Kurt Adonis as the special guest referee. On November 14, at the NEW special event Autumn Ambush pay-per-view, Hemme defeated Lea Morrison in a singles match.

On May 14, 2011, Hemme made her debut for Family Wrestling Entertainment (FWE) at the Meltdown pay-per-view, as a special guest referee for match between fellow TNA Knockouts Winter and Rosita.

KAYfABE (2020)
In March 2020, Hemme, along with Lita and Gail Kim, announced "KAYfABE", a new wrestling show inspired by true events which blends scripted drama with pro wrestling. Following the delay of its debut, the team cited the financial impacts of the global COVID-19 pandemic as a reason for the campaign's difficulties and assured fans that the show would secure funding elsewhere at a later date.

Music and acting
In September 2006, Hemme recorded a song entitled "Society Box", which was featured on TNA's November 21, 2006 music release, 3rd Degree Burns. Hemme is also the founder and lead singer in HEMME. The band released five songs on their MySpace: "In This Moment", "Visit Me Mom", "Shine", "Dear You", and "Dirty"; the songs have since been removed following the departure of original members Randy Ramirez, Steve Goodwin, Roland Maniago, and Rocky Ramirez, all from the band POLARIS. Hemme released another song, "Don't Give Up", and an EP entitled "Where are You", which is available on iTunes. The EP features Eric Friedman on Guitar and Garrett Whitlock on drums. Both are currently playing in the band Tremonti and formerly of the band Submersed.

In December 2006, Hemme recorded a scene for Bloodstained Memoirs, a wrestling documentary. Her scene can be seen in the special extras of the DVD. Hemme made her acting debut in the film Fallen Angels, portraying the deadly sin "Lust". She also filmed a role in another horror film titled Bubba's Chili Parlor, playing a zombie.

In November 2010, Hemme was a contestant on an all TNA week of Family Feud, teaming with Angelina Love, Lacey Von Erich, Tara and Velvet Sky against Jay Lethal, Matt Morgan, Mick Foley, Mr. Anderson and Rob Van Dam.

Personal life
Hemme has a brother, David, and a sister, Deena Hemme, who is also a model. Hemme is an avid motorcyclist. She owns a Harley-Davidson Dyna Low Rider.

Hemme married Charley Patterson in 2010. The couple have five children together.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 42 of the top 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2008
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 * TNA Year End Award (1 time)
 * Knockout of the Year (2006)
 * World Wrestling Entertainment
 * WWE Diva Search (2004)

title: Christy Hemme


text: Category:Australian people by occupation

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:69.139.27.157

title: User talk:69.139.27.157


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Ghabdennasir Qursawi

Ğäbdennasír İbrahim ulı Qursawí (Габденнасыр Ибраһим улы Курсави, Габденнасыр Курсави), sometimes spelled Kursavi or Koursavi (1776–1812) was a Tatar educator, Hanafi Maturidi theologian, and prominent Jadidist. He was a brother of Ğäbdelxaliq Qursawí. He studied at Machkara (Malmyzhsky District) village madrassah and later at the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah in Bukhara. From 1794 to 1808 he was imam of the mosque in Yughary Qursa village of Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire and the headmaster of his own madrassah. His surname is, actually, a derivative of "Qursa" in Arabic manner, which means "from Qursa". He is credited with the revival of modernism- and reform-oriented Islam (or Jadidism) among the Tatars, and was the author of numerous articles about religion. He died during the hajj and is buried in Istanbul.

Other names include:

 * Abunnasyr Gabdennasyr ('Abu an-Nasir) ibn Ibrahim Kursavi (Russian: Абуннасыр Габденнасыр (‘Абу ан-Насир) ибн Ибрахим Курсави)
 * Abunnasyr Gabdennasyr ibn Ibrahim ibn Yarmuhammed ibn Ishtiryak al-Bulgari al-Kazani al-Kursavi (Russian: Абуннасыр Габденнасыр ибн Ибрахим ибн Ярмухаммед ибн Иштиряк аль-Булгари аль-Казани аль-Курсави)
 * Äbennasıyr Ğäbdennasıyr bine İbrahim Qursawi (Tatar: Әбеннасыйр Габденнасыйр бине Ибраһим Курсави)

title: Ghabdennasir Qursawi


text:
User:GK

When I first found out about the Wikipedia my first thought was "Wow! That's a great idea". But then, when I visited topics that I was familiar with, I found that many of them were woefully inadequate for an encyclopedia. There were topics that didn't have articles yet. Many of the articles that I found were just stubs. Even larger articles were missing important information. Too many articles had factual errors.

So I decided to join in this noble experiment. I started editing—anonymously first, but then quickly getting a user account. If I had just kept to those topics I was most familiar with, things might have been different, but even there I had one very odd run-in with another editor, which should have given my a clue about how the Wikipedia really works.

But I wanted to help, to make the Wikipedia better. I saw other things that needed work, and so I started to get more involved in the "backstage" stuff in the Wikipedia namespace. Sure, I realized that there were problems, but I thought that things could be improved, just as any Wikipedia article could be improved.

It took me way too long to realize the underlying facts about the way the Wikipedia works. In this libertarian anarchy, any process is only as functional as it's most dysfunctional participant. What that means is that in too many areas the inmates are in charge of the asylum.

Sooner or later someone or some group will take a look at this experiment and will figure out how to avoid most of the problems that exist on the Wikipedia. They will fork things off to build a better user-edited internet encyclopedia and the Wikipedia will be replaced. Until then, I wish the best of luck to all the nice (and sane) users on the Wikipedia I have met and hope that they can help make the Wikipedia function more effectively. I, however, have decided that I can find better things to do with my spare time and am leaving.

gK ¿? 20:19, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC) [Please leave this as is. I won't be back to read any of it anyway.]

title: User:GK


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PXL2000

The PXL2000, or Pixelvision, was a toy black and white video camera, introduced by Fisher-Price in 1987 at the International Toy Fair in Manhattan, which could record sound and images onto inexpensive Walkman-style compact audio cassette. It was on the market for one year with about 400,000 units produced. After that one year, it was pulled by the market, but rediscovered in the 1990s by low-budget filmmakers who appreciated the grainy, shimmering, monochrome produced by the unit, and the way in which its lens allowed the user to photograph a subject an eighth of an inch away from the camera, and pull back to a long shot without manipulating a dial, while keeping as the background and the foreground in focus. It is also appreciated by collectors, artists, and media historians, and has been used in major films and spawned dedicated film festivals.

Development
The PXL2000 was created by a team of inventors led by James Wickstead. He sold the invention rights to Fisher-Price in 1987 at the American International Toy Fair in Manhattan.

Design
The PXL2000 consists of a simple aspherical lens, an infrared filter, a CCD image sensor, a custom ASIC (the Sanyo LA 7306M), and an audio cassette mechanism. This is mounted in a plastic housing with a battery compartment and an RF video modulator selectable to either North American television channel 3 or 4. It has a plastic viewfinder and some control buttons.

The system stores 11 minutes of video and sound on a standard audio cassette tape by moving the tape at nearly nine times normal cassette playback speed. It records at roughly 16.875 in per second, compared to a standard cassette's speed of 1.875 in on a C90 CrO2 (chromium dioxide) cassette. In magnetic tape recording, the faster the tape speed, the more data can be stored per second. The higher speed is necessary because video requires a wider bandwidth than standard audio recording. The PXL2000 records the video information on the left audio channel of the cassette, and the audio on the right.

In order to reduce the amount of information recorded to fit within the narrow bandwidth of the sped-up audio cassette, the ASIC generates slower video timings than conventional TVs use. It scans the pixel CCD 15 times per second, feeding the results through a filtering circuit, and then to a frequency modulation circuit driving the left channel of the cassette head, as well as to an ADC, which creates the final image for viewing.

For playback and view-through purposes, circuits read image data from either a recorded cassette or the CCD and fill half a digital frame store at the PXL reduced rate, while scanning the other half of the frame store at normal NTSC rates. Since each half of the frame store includes only $10,800 pixels$ in its array, the same as the CCD, the display resolution was deemed to be marginal, and black borders were added around the picture, squashing the framestore image content into the middle of the frame, preserving pixels that would otherwise be lost in overscan. An anti-aliasing low-pass filter is included in the final video output circuit.

Marketing
The market success of the PXL2000 was ultimately quite low with its targeted child demographic, in part due to its high pricing. Introduced at US$179 1987 and later reduced to US$100 1987, it was expensive for a child's toy but affordable by amateur video artists. The PXL2000 was produced in two versions: model #3300 at $100 with just the camera and necessary accessories; and #3305 at $150 adding a portable black and white television monitor with a 4.5 in diagonal screen. Extra accessories were sold separately, such as a carrying case.

It was also produced as Fisher-Price PixelVision, Sanwa Sanpix1000, KiddieCorder, and Georgia.

Revival
The PXL2000 has received a minor revival in popularity since the 1990s among filmmakers, due to its point-and-shoot simplicity and low-grade aesthetic. Because the unit is degradable and obsolete, its use is aligned with a certain romanticized mortality, unfit for serious mainstream appropriation. Erik Saks wrote this: "Each time an artist uses a PXL2000, the whole form edges closer to extinction." In 1990, Pixelvision enthusiast Gerry Fialka founded PXL THIS, a film festival dedicated to projects shot exclusively on the PXL2000. The festival continues to occur annually in Los Angeles, California, usually at the Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center and the Echo Park Film Center, with Fialka continuing as organizer and curator. Although the festival operates without a budget, it still manages to tour many locations including the San Francisco Cinematheque and Boston's MIT campus. Festival entries, oral history interviews, and other relevant materials donated by Fialka are being processed into the Performing Arts and Moving Image Archives at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Recalling the PXL2000's initial promise of accessibility, Fialka's vision includes accepting submissions indiscriminately, juxtaposing the works of established artists with those of amateurs and children.

PXL2000 cameras have been used occasionally in professional filmmaking, with camera modifications to output composite video, enabling it to interface to an external camcorder or VCR.

Productions
The PXL2000 was used by Richard Linklater in his 1990 debut film, Slacker. A roughly two-minute performance art sequence within the film is shot entirely in PixelVision.

Peggy Ahwesh's Strange Weather (1993), which follows several crack cocaine addicts in Florida, was shot entirely on a PXL2000. This video relies heavily on the camera's portability to maintain an intimate presence.

Video artist Sadie Benning is among the most critically acclaimed pioneers of the PXL2000, one of which was given to them by their father James Benning around the age of 15. Benning's early video diary works gained popularity in the artist market, earning them a lasting reputation as an innovator, with an important presence in video art.

Michael Almereyda used the camera for several of his films. Another Girl Another Planet (1992) and his short Aliens (1993) were shot with it entirely, it was used for point of view shots of the title character in Nadja (1994), and it was used by the title character to make video diaries in Hamlet (2000).

The camera has been used for several music videos, including "Mote" by Sonic Youth and "Black Grease" by the Black Angels.

Artist John Humphrey's 2003 video, Pee Wee Goes to Prison was shot on a PXL2000, employing a cast of dolls and other toys to stage the imaginary trial, incarceration, and eventual pardoning (by newly-elected president Jesse Ventura) of Pee-wee Herman for the sale of Yohimbe.

The PXL2000 was used by the characters Maggie (Anne Hathaway) and Jamie (Jake Gyllenhaal) in the 2010 film, Love & Other Drugs, although the black and white footage from the camera is shown at full film resolution.

In 2018, Toronto filmmaker Karma Todd Wiseman used a PXL2000 to shoot key scenes, processing the footage with enhanced monochrome. The custom PXL2000 camera was fitted with windshield mount suction cups and painted with the red and white paint scheme of the Canadian flag.

The PXL2000 was used by the characters Melody and Jess during the show Archive 81.

title: PXL2000


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Talk:Sally Jessy Raphael

Gay Icon Project
In my effort to merge the now-deleted list from the article Gay icon to the Gay icons category, I have added this page to the category. I engaged in this effort as a "human script", adding everyone from the list to the category, bypassing the fact-checking stage. That is what I am relying on you to do. Please check the article Gay icon and make a judgment as to whether this person or group fits the category. By distributing this task from the regular editors of one article to the regular editors of several articles, I believe that the task of fact-checking this information can be expedited. Thank you very much. Philwelch 21:51, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Birthdate
The sentence about her claimed birthdate of 1943 does not make any sense. How does the birth of a child prove anything false? Gilliamjf 19:20, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Being born in 1943 would have made her VERY young when first married and pregnant. Like, ages 13 and 14 young. Dates like 1935, which are also given as much as 1943, are more believable. Sally also does not give her birth year as 1943 anymore, opting not to discuss her age at all. Mike H. That's hot 00:05, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Should we have the birth year as a category then? 1935 is listed... Michael 04:55, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

raphael
where did she get the name raphael from

I have never seen her spell the name as Raphaël (with the accent). Unless some one can justify it, I will remove it in a few day Mjchonoles 23:56, 2 September 2007 (UTC) Done Mjchonoles 20:29, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

High school
Where did she go to high school? PAWiki 01:58, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Religion
She's on the American Jews list and is considered as Jewish all over the net. Any evidence that she is Catholic as the claim on the page.? Mjchonoles 20:29, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Talk show
Did you notice that Sally Jessy Raphaël show has a stub article. Sally Jessy Raphael has info on the talk show but has significantly more info than the talk show article. I suggest that Sally Jessy Raphaël show be either deleted, redirected or have the talk show section in Sally Jessy Raphael be transfered to Sally Jessy Raphaël show as it would make more sense that way. Mythdon (talk) 04:09, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Children
Sally claims that she worked at radio station WOSO AM in San Juan, circa 1961. The documents [San Juan Superior Court storage, Barbosa Ave., San Juan] about her divorce, during the early 1960's in San Juan, P.R., will indicate that she had custody of her two children by her first husband, Vladimir; Carl [now Karl]. Soderlund, her [alleged, confirm marriage date and place] second husband did not have custody of his children after his divorce, also in San Juan Superior Court, in P.R. Those children remained with their mother,in Puerto Rico. Therefore, she couldn't EVER raised eight children. Soderlund's children always lived there with their mother, for they are totally absent from Sally's life as reported. Also, her age claims must be matched against the age of her deceased daughter, Allison, eldest born form her first marriage, who died in the early 1990's. 4jasvi (talk) 02:03, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Does anyone really believe Raphael was born in 1942? 1935 is more like it. Allison Vladimir was born in either 1958 or 1959 based on her age at death (33 in February 1992), which would have made Sally around 16 when Allison Vladimir was born. Rms125a@hotmail.com (talk) 17:52, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

Rocky Horror/Broadway
Sally made her Broadway debut in 2001 in Rocky Horror. That should be included. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/63785-Nice-Glasses-Sally-Jessy-Raphael-Narrates-Rocky-Horror-Dec-11-16 12.162.122.5 (talk) 15:09, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

The Red Specs…
... story sounds like pure PR, or horsefeathers, take your pick. They were consciously selected for chutzpah; notice me, remember me, hire me. 2001:8003:30A6:2100:6579:7D8:B6C7:63BB (talk) 21:21, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Guest Joe Simpson?
when & is it saved 75.30.84.193 (talk) 23:42, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Picture Captions
What on earth is going on with the captions on the latter two pictures in this article? The 2nd one says she's with a fan (she's not) and the last picture is clearly not Sally Jesse(sic). Unless this woman took a dip in Ra's al Ghul's Lazarus Pit at 83 years of age. BigMac 06:14, 29 April 2023 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Borninbronx10 (talk • contribs)

Raphael-Mother’s maiden name?
It is stated that Raphael is her mother’s maiden name but that does not correspond with the information given. Doesn’t make sense. 2600:6C5D:6300:408D:E8D9:1995:D3C6:74D1 (talk) 08:01, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sally Jessy Raphael


text:
Category:Radio stations in Oregon

Radio stations in the U.S. state of Oregon.

title: Category:Radio stations in Oregon


text:
Angra

Angra may refer to:

Places

 * Bay of Angra (Baía de Angra), within Angra do Heroísmo on the Portuguese island of Terceira in the archipelago of the Azores
 * Angra do Heroísmo, a municipality in the Azores, Portugal
 * Angra dos Reis, a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 * Angra Nuclear Power Plant in Brazil
 * Angra Pequena or Lüderitz Bay in Namibia, Africa
 * Angra Toldo

Other

 * Angra (band), a Brazilian power metal band
 * Angra (insect), a genus of burrowing bugs in the subfamily Sehirinae
 * Angra labeo, species of fish in the family Cyprinidae
 * SS Angra, a number of ships with this name
 * Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit (or evil) in the Zoroastrian faith

title: Angra


text:
List of highways numbered 312

The following highways are numbered 312:

Canada

 * Manitoba secondary 312.svg Manitoba Provincial Road 312
 * Nova Scotia Route 312.svg Nova Scotia Route 312
 * PEI_Highway_312.svg Prince Edward Island Route 312
 * Saskatchewan Highway 312 (jct).svg Saskatchewan Highway 312

China

 * Kokudou 312(China).svg China National Highway 312

Costa Rica

 * CR RNT 312.svg National Route 312

Japan

 * Japanese National Route Sign 0312.svg Japan National Route 312

United States

 * US 312.svg U.S. Route 312 (former)
 * Arkansas 312.svg Arkansas Highway 312
 * Florida 312.svg Florida State Road 312
 * Georgia 312.svg Georgia State Route 312 (former)
 * Indiana 312.svg Indiana State Road 312
 * Elongated circle 312.svg Kentucky Route 312
 * Louisiana 312.svg Louisiana Highway 312
 * MD Route 312.svg Maryland Route 312
 * MN-312.svg Minnesota State Highway 312 (former)
 * New Mexico 312.svg New Mexico State Road 312
 * New York:
 * NY-312.svg New York State Route 312
 * New York State Route 312 (former)
 * County Route 312 (Albany County, New York)
 * County Route 312 (Wayne County, New York)
 * OH-312.svg Ohio State Route 312
 * PA-312.svg Pennsylvania Route 312 (former)
 * Ellipse sign 312.svg Puerto Rico Highway 312
 * Secondary Tennessee 312.svg Tennessee State Route 312
 * Texas:
 * Texas 312.svg Texas State Highway 312 (proposed)
 * Texas Spur 312.svg Texas State Highway Spur 312
 * Texas FM 312.svg Farm to Market Road 312
 * Utah SR 312.svg Utah State Route 312
 * Virginia 312.svg Virginia State Route 312
 * WIS 312.svg Wisconsin Highway 312
 * WY-312.svg Wyoming Highway 312

title: List of highways numbered 312


text:
Richard Boleslawski

Richard Boleslawski (born Bolesław Ryszard Srzednicki; February 4, 1889 – January 17, 1937) was a Polish theatre and film director, actor and teacher of acting.

Biography
Richard Boleslawski was born Bolesław Ryszard Srzednicki on February 4, 1889, in Mohyliv-Podilskyi, in the Russian Empire to an ethnic Polish family of Catholic faith. He graduated from the Tver Cavalry Officers School. He trained as an actor at the First Studio of the Moscow Art Theatre under Konstantin Stanislavski and his assistant Leopold Sulerzhitsky, where he was introduced to the 'system'.

During World War I, Boleslawski fought as a cavalry lieutenant on the Tsarist Russian side until the fall of the Russian Empire. He left Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 for his native Poland, where he directed his first movies. As his birth name was difficult to pronounce, he took the name Ryszard Bolesławski. His Miracle at the Vistula (Cud nad Wisłą) was a semi-documentary about the miraculous victory of the Poles at the Vistula River over the superior Soviet Russian forces during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–1921.

Boleslawski acted in Love One Another (Die Gezeichneten, 1922), a German silent film directed by Danish director Carl Theodor Dreyer. In September 1922, he made his way to New York City, where, now known as "Richard Boleslawski" (the English spelling of his name), he began to teach Stanislavski's 'system' (which, in the US, developed into Method acting) with fellow émigré Maria Ouspenskaya. In 1923, he founded the American Laboratory Theatre in New York. Among his students were Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler and Harold Clurman, who were all founding members of the Group Theatre (1931–1940), the first American acting ensemble to utilize Stanislavski's techniques.

Offered a contract to direct Hollywood films, Boleslawski made several significant films with some of the major stars of the day.

He died suddenly from cardiac arrest a few weeks short of his 48th birthday, on January 17, 1937. He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles.

Personal life
Boleslawski was married at least three times and had a son with his last wife, Norma.

In popular culture
Hugh Walpole, who worked with Boleslawski on the script for Les Misérables (1935), dedicated his 1937 novel John Cornelius to him with an In Memoriam poem.

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Boleslawski has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd.

Filmography
Films directed by Richard Boleslavsky (also credited as Ryszard Bolesławski and Richard Boleslawski):

in Russia

 * Tri Vstrechi
 * Khlieb (1918)

in Poland

 * Bohaterstwo Polskiego Skauta (1920)
 * Cud nad Wisłą (The Miracle at the Vistula) (1921)

in the United States

 * The Grand Parade (1930), choreography only
 * Treasure Girl (1930 short)
 * The Last of the Lone Wolf (1930)
 * The Gay Diplomat (1930)
 * Rasputin and the Empress (1932), teaming Ethel, John, and Lionel Barrymore
 * Storm at Daybreak (1933)
 * Beauty for Sale (1933)
 * Fugitive Lovers (1934)
 * Men in White (1934) starring Clark Gable
 * Hollywood Party (1934)
 * Operator 13 (1934)
 * The Painted Veil (1934), featuring Greta Garbo
 * Clive of India (1935)
 * Les Misérables (1935), with Fredric March and Charles Laughton
 * Metropolitan (1935)
 * O'Shaughnessy's Boy (1935)
 * Three Godfathers (1936)
 * The Garden of Allah (1936), starring Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer
 * Theodora Goes Wild (1936), featuring Irene Dunne
 * The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1937) starring Joan Crawford and William Powell (Boleslavsky died before this film was completed)

Books

 * The Way of the Lancer (1932; about the battles of Polish Uhlans in Russia)
 * Lances Down (1932)
 * Boleslavsky, Richard. 1933 Acting: the First Six Lessons. New York: Theatre Arts, 1987. ISBN 0-87830-000-7. (1933)
 *  New Features In Acting  (1935)

title: Richard Boleslawski


text:
User talk:IgorekSF

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * List of images
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 13:58, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome! IgorekSF 14:10, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * And thank you for being here! :D Sam [Spade] 18:08, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:IgorekSF


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/Reports/Multiple cats

The articles below appear on the list from a query for multiple categories (see /SQL) on the download version.

The problem is less an issue as MediaWiki no longer displays several times the same category.

To do

 * Fix or flag with Category:Multiple people

Improvements

 * Remove articles with categories Leap day births, Multiple people, Drug-related deaths (give false positives)

List
From May 16, 2005
 * All fixed


text:
Talk:Australian Citizens Party

Political Position
The Platform of this Party seems more Left-Wing Rather than Right-Wing, Perhaps it would be more accurate to label it Socially Right-Wing, Economically Left-Wing? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stiner226 (talk • contribs) 22:14, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

old comments
Edit wars have been largely terminated on the other LaRouche pages, thanks to the mediation of Snowspinner. Please edit this page responsibly. --Herschelkrustofsky 13:58, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

To say that the Privy Council is a "purely ceremonial body" is specious, given that it was the agency responsible for sacking Gough Whitlam. --Herschelkrustofsky 14:17, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Herschel you are wrong. The Governor General of Australia sacked Whitlam, the Privy Council had no role in it. Personally, I think it's a monarchist hangover that should be abolished but it IS a purely ceremonial body and Australia ceased making appointments to it several years ago (see the article Right Honourable) and unlike Canada there is no Australian Privy Council. AndyL 23:14, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

More specifically, Australia stopped making appointments to the British Privy Council in 1983 and there is no domestic Australian Privy Council. It is absolutely correct to say there is no constitutional link between the "Privy Council" and Australia. AndyL 23:23, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My mistake; it was the Governor-General, which still strikes me as a shocking colonial intervention by the Brits. Beyond that, it is my understanding that in the British system, a lot of the ways in which political power is exercised might be considered "informal", in line with having an "unwritten constitution." --Herschelkrustofsky 12:58, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

That doesn't change the fact that the Privy Council does not exist in Australia and the claims of the CEC regarding it are patently absurd. AndyL 20:59, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Privy Council "does not exist" in Australia? --Herschelkrustofsky 22:34, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

No. While there is a Queen's Privy Council for Canada there is no such body in Australia. As I said earlier Australian appointments to the British (or Imperial) Privy Council ceased in 1983 when Labor PM Bob Hawke refused to be appointed to the body. The British Privy Council only meets on ceremonial occasions. It's met twice in the past 50 some years, once on the succession of Elizabeth II to the throne and once to give its approval to the marriage of Prince Charles and Diana. I know this doesn't accord with the great role Lyndon LaRouche's conspiracy theory gives the body - perhaps this means you should reconsider the veracity of LaRouche's theory. AndyL 01:49, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It used to be the practice to appoint Australian Prime Ministers, Chief Justices and Governors General to the Privy Council so that they could use the title "Right Honourable". There are six Australians alive who are Privy Council members, the youngest is 74 so within about ten years, chances are, there will be no one left. They are all retired from their positions. That they are members of the Privy Council gives them no more power than, say, someone who has an Order of the British Empire. It's nothing more than a ceremonial title. AndyL 02:07, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Since we seem to be discussing this so amicably, I'll try to summarize LaRouche's views on this (based on some reading that I did years ago, so I may not have every jot and tittle right): under the British system (which they didn't invent -- they inherited it from the Venetians, but the British put it into practice on a rather grand scale)), the official, formal channels of power are not all that important. Think of the popular depiction of the power structure of the Sicilian mafia: the local don is not elected, he has no formal power at all, but in reality, he rules the roost, due to commercial power and other sorts of, shall we say, informal capabilities, which in most cases are transmitted to a successor by primogeniture. In the U.S., it is generally taught that the Queen is strictly a quaint figurehead who plays no political role at all -- which is naive, since the prerogative powers, under which the Governor General sacked Whitlam, emanate from the Crown (the closest I ever got to the British system was a visit to Ottawa, during which I was duly impressed by the fact that the Governor General's mansion is far more impressive than the P.M.'s.) However, the most substantial power of the monarchy -- meaning not just the queen as an individual, but rather her extended family -- is commercial. LaRouche has referred to the British monarchy as the world's largest multinational corporation.

Far the most part, none of these relations are proclaimed to the public, they are just "understood," which is why some people might find it highly desirable to be associated with the monarchy, even through what may be, on paper, an impotent association such as you describe the Australian Privy Council to be. I didn't know it only had six members -- according to the CEC, three of them are on board of the ADC, which suggests to me that the two organizations may have more than a little in common.

If you would like to explore an American's insight into these kinds of relations, I highly recommend a novel written a few hundred years ago by James Fennimore Cooper, entitled The Bravo. It describes not the British system per se, but rather the model upon which it is based, the "serene republic" of Venice. --Herschelkrustofsky 10:35, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The "CEC-linked Website" mentions that former Governors-General Zelman Cowan and Ninian Stephen are on the ADC board. Weed Harper 15:04, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

All this shows how little Americans understand the British system, particularly those who are blinded by Anglophobia (a problem not confined to LaRouche, but obviously taken by him to extremes). The fact is that the Queen is "a quaint figurehead who plays no political role at all," although she certainly has some informal political influence in British politics due to her vast personal experience, an influence which she uses mainly to urge caution and moderation.

It is true that the British constitutional system involves a facade which conceals a reality. However LaRouch has the relationship around the wrong way. It is the monarchy, with its apparently unlimited constuitutional power, which is the facade, and parliamentary government, with executive power residing with the Cabinet, which is the reality. This has been the case in Britain since at least the late 19th century and probably since the Glorious Revolution of 1688, although it took a long time for the change to be accepted by all participants.

In Australia the Queen has no influence whatever, and plays no constitutional or political role whatever. It is true that in theory the Governor-General represents "the Crown" (which is a legal entity separate from the Queen's person), but in practice he is an independent ceremonial head of state. Kerr's dismissal of Whitlam was a drama played out entirely in the context of Australian domestic politics, and the Queen knew nothing about it until after the event. Even if she had, she could and would have done nothing about it. She has no independent power to dismiss the Governor-General or tell him what to do or not do.

On the Privy Council. Let me repeat there is no such thing as a Privy Council in Australia. There are six elderly members of the British Privy Council, appointed more than 20 years ago for purely ceremonial reasons, who never meet and who play no role whatever in Australian politics, although Malcolm Fraser still makes political comments now and again.

Cowen and Stephen are both in their 80s and their roles on the ADC board are honorary. The ADC doesn't need advice from Cowen and Stephen to keep a close watch on LaRouche's Australian operations. They do it because they believe (rightly or wrongly) that you are an anti-Semitic organisation. If you want to prove that you are not, you can start by repudiating LaRouche's Holocaust denial of the 1970s, and stop circulating absurd conspiracy theories about "Zionists." 01:10, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Adam 01:07, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Pretending that a woman with as much ancestral wealth and status as the queen is "a quaint figurehead who plays no political role at all," is, no offence intended, completely sexist and naive. Who would call a man with that kind of wealth and influence quaint? The discretionary power personal wealth and status gives a person also has far less oversight than executive power. Look at Prince Philip's voracious appetite for hunting yet him still having been a figurehead of the WWF. Would a politician get away with that blatant lack of integrity and hypocrisy? They would be shot down in flames in a moment.

Discretionary power is also known to create vested interest groups and hence corruption, a subject very important to any discussion of politics. It appears to me that many editors here wish to discredit the Citizen's party more than share information and allow readers to make up their own minds. I have no horse in this race but would like to read more intelligent information about the parties views than what I found on this page. With the good work, the party have been doing bringing corruption to light in Australia recently and having toned down their strident tone quite a bit since their change of name it would be good to see more NPOV additions to this page. Nincaro (talk) 14:02, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

As for the sacking of Whitlam that was done by the Governor General. The Queen was not advised or consulted (and personally, I think it should not have happened and I suspect Adam things the same). She was not even informed until after it had happened. Personally, I think, Australia and Canada (and Britain for that matter) should become republics but not for any of the reasons put forward by LaRouchians.

As far as conspiracy theories are concerned the links between Govenor General Kerr and the CIA and Whitlam's decision to close an American communications base in Australia and other examples of "anti-American" actions by the Labor government are far more compelling explanations (see the film The Falcon and the Snowman) than the bizarre and frankly ignorant conspiracy theory regarding the privy council put forward by LaRouchians.AndyL 02:57, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Synarchy
Herschell removed a statement that LaRouche: "believes that the world is ruled by a secret cabal of financiers based in London, the "Synarchy"".

and a second statement that LaRouche believes the Queen is the head of the synarchy.

Are you saying that LaRouche does not believe that the world is ruled by "the synarchy" or are you just embarassed by this belief?AndyL 23:33, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I consider the language to be unacceptably POV in the following ways: first, LaRouche does not believe that Synarchism is a "secret cabal." LaRouche attacks them for beliefs and policies they openly espouse. Nor does LaRouche believe that they "rule the world." He believes that as a faction within the financial community they possess enough power to do considerable mischief, and does hold them responsible for promoting fascist governments throughout Europe during the 1930s. Nor does he believe that the Queen is the "head of the synarchy" -- he has said that her "extended family," operating through companies like Rio Tinto Zinc, is a very significant and generally pernicious commercial and political force in the world, but as an individual she is largely just a leech on the poor Brits. If you want to say that he believes these things, I won't object -- the propagandistic quality which I object to, is to exaggerate LaRouche's claims in hopes of making him appear silly. --Herschelkrustofsky 02:02, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

He is perfectly capable of making himself look silly without any help from us. Adam 13:38, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Good. Then you will have no further need to put words in his mouth. --Herschelkrustofsky 16:39, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Undisputed
I am satisfied that the present version of the page is in compliance with Wikipedia NPOV policy and I am prepared to removed the "disputed" tag, if no one objects. --Herschelkrustofsky 22:43, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Chuck F and Reithy
It appears that we have an edit war that is more a conflict between two individuals than a reasonable dispute over the article. The section added by 198.81.26.76, on the historical Australian figures that the CEC supports, is consistant with Wikipedia NPOV policy. It is rebutted in the following paragraph, which represents the opinion of CEC opponents. Therefore, the article is balanced, and the new paragraph is useful information. --Herschelkrustofsky 15:10, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cultural Basis
The Citizens Electoral Council also has a continuing tradition of holding "Cultural Nights" in which they perform classical music, recite poetry and convey the immortality of Human Creation (Cognition) in the form of speeches.

''Like the recent event they held in Coburg to commemorate the Immortality of Prime Minister John Curtin, on the 60th anniversary of his death. Expressing how an Australian could make such a change to the nation (through his break with Britain Midwar, that didn't result in more division within Australia and his personal battles with Alcoholism and depression, that didn't hinder his leadership in the time of need) by offering music of the CEC choir and orchestra and solo performances from its members.''

''For the Citizens Electoral Council publications (eg. Australian Alert Service) generally write to the effect, "if we do not change the culture of Australia, all of these political changes we incite or perform will not last a day". What is very much an idea borrowed from sister LaRouche Orginisations like the Schiller Institute.''

I can't find a mention of this on the CEC website. Does anyone have a source? Thanks, -Willmcw 18:36, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

The source is obviously an Australian LaRouchist editor who attends these bizarre rituals, and who has my deepest sympathy in his/her affliction. The facts as presented are probably true in outline, but they are not very relevant to the article, and are so encrusted in POV language as to be beyond rescue. They should be deleted. Adam 11:56, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Check [] I imagined that you actually would check the website when you researched this group. The details inviting everyone to their Commemorative Event celebrating John Curtin is also there. The reason I included it was because of the paradox it seems to raise about the orginisation's motives, don't either of you think it is a better angle to attack rather than just stating they are populists? Sci.notes

 * I don't see any mention of those events on the website. Remember it is your responsibility to cite your sources. Thanks, -Willmcw 20:19, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

I can just imagine John Curtin's response at being "celebrated" by these neo-Nazi cultist filth. Adam 07:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm still puzzling over the logic of ...to commemorate the Immortality of Prime Minister John Curtin, on the 60th anniversary of his death. Immortal - Dead? aren't those mutually exclusive? Is he a vampire? -Willmcw 07:15, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

I hadn't previously heard of LaRouchist seances, but anything is possible. Possibly they are getting ready for when Fuhrer Lyndon drops off (he is 83 I think) and they have to get his latest directives from the Great Loony Bin in the Sky. Adam 08:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

CEC history
The Citizens Electoral Council history (that I used to write the History section), are taken from a campaign DVD that I found produced by the party and sold on the streets by their members. Shane george 01:40, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

As I said when I reverted your edit, there may be some useful facts in that source, but LaRouche materials are such a farrago of lies and nonsense that it is impossible to tell what is fact and what is fiction. (Just to take one example, Michael Danby has never called for the CEC to be banned). Adam 03:38, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * LaRouche sources should not be used for Wikipedia articles. They are not reliable. -Willmcw 04:39, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Move?
Does anyone object to a move to Citizens Electoral Council of Australia as the full name of this organisation? Frickeg 02:47, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. Is there another organisation called the CEC anywhere else in the world?  If there is I take back my objection, on the condition that Citizens Electoral Council becomes a thingy page.  Otherwise, what is the point? (PS I am fulling intending to work on this article, I just haven't yet.  Their environmental policies for example ...)~AFA Ю 01:09, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Isn't the "Citizens Electoral Council of Australia" the parties full name (and maybe it is Citizens Electoral Council of Victoria in the case of the state party)? C4sc4 (talk) 13:13, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Websites Deleted
I have deleted some websites bcause of pages not found notices and the Channel 9 Sunday page was the same as The Australian page. Kathleen.wright5 03:13, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Leadership
The Info box states that the leader of the party is Craig Isherwood. The problem I have with this is that their WWW site http://www.cecaust.com.au/main.asp?sub=info&id=structure.htm does NOT list him as the leader. It lists him as the National Secretary and also Treasurer. As Brian McCarthy is the national chairman, maybe he should be named as their leader. Vk2tds 00:56, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Good catch. I checked and found a PDF of a Nov/Dec 2006 newsletter announcing the change. Go ahead and change it. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 06:21, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Brian McCarthy is the National Chairman. Can someone please change this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.149.77.226 (talk) 07:07, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Early history
Can someone write a bit more about the party's early history in the late 1980s? Since they did get an MP elected to a state parliament in that era, it seems like it warrants mentioning. Rebecca 05:55, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Challenge of assertion of position of political spectrum
How can the CEC be considered far right, when they strongly oppose globalisation and deregulation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.169.193.41 (talk) 10:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Labels like that should only be used when undisputed. See also Talk:European Workers Party. --Marvin Diode 15:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Having taken a look at Citizens Electoral Council, I am removing that characterization. --Marvin Diode 17:47, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * You mean you made that determination on your own? That's original research. There are sources that call the CEC "right wing". Are there any sources that dispute that characterization? ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 20:14, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I disagree with your reasoning. Placing the party in a category is an editorial decision, not a research decision, and should only be made if the issue is beyond dispute. The article itself, in Citizens Electoral Council, would appear to contradict the category. If there is a published opinion that says the party is right wing, it should be included in the body of the article. But even if someone strongly desires to categorize the party as right wing, it should not be done if there is any doubt. --Marvin Diode 14:56, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * For you to decide that the party is not far right, despite three sources, is original research. There is no dispute among reliable sources. The sources are in English, not Swedish. If there are sources that says the CEC is left wing, or even moderate, then I'd agree there's a dispute. But your opinion of their platform doesn't count in this matter. (Nothing personal) ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 20:57, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * You are using the template for political parties as an opportunity to post criticism. I have examined a variety of Wikipedia articles on the parties listed at List of political parties in Australia, and no other party is treated that way -- the descriptions used come from the parties' self-descriptions. So, I am changing the CEC listing so as to conform to the way the other parties are treated. You can post your criticism in the body of the article. --Terrawatt (talk) 07:49, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Source? ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 07:56, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Of? Timeshift (talk) 08:32, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * The party's "self-description". Where are we getting it from? I don't see them calling themselves "republican, protectionist" on their "About us" page. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 08:38, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Their main self-description seems to be "peace through economic development" which does not conveniently fit any ideological category. However, "protectionism" is certainly documented in their "history and philosophy" statement and I think it is permissible to infer from their demands for "sovereignty" and opposition to monarchy  that they are republican. --Marvin Diode (talk) 15:51, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * So, in other words, you replaced well-sourced material with unsourced original research. And you think that's an improvement? Perhaps we should re-reead "WP:V" and "WP:NOR". While we want to be neutral and fair, making up stuff doesn't help. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 21:05, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I didn't do anything, other than to attempt to make a constructive contribution on a talk page. However, I think that Terrawatt's point has merit, that being that comparable articles about other minor Australian parties do not place criticism in the descriptive box. --Marvin Diode (talk) 03:59, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Since the sourced content is rejected, and the added conent is unsourced, I've split the difference and removed the "ideology" entirely. If we can find an unequivocal statement then we can quote that. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 04:59, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

What about simply saying their political ideology is based on the LaRouche movement per my edit(s)? Timeshift (talk) 06:49, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That works for me. Good idea. ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 06:59, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Ditto. It's nice to finally agree on something. --Terrawatt (talk) 07:14, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

According to LaRouche_movement, "LaRouche supporters gained control of the formerly far-right Citizens Electoral Council (CEC) in the mid-1990s." Jimp 14:43, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

Controversial statements section
I just split this off from the "Criticism" section, as the latter two paragraphs are not criticism of the CEC, but rather policies/statements made by the CEC. I'm not sure about the heading wording though, don't want it to be POV. Any ideas? Thanks. Cricketgirl 16:22, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that it made more sense the way it was. The CEC's views on the ADC would not be especially notable, except as response to criticism from the ADC, which is the way that I read the previous format. --Terrawatt 22:19, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Image needs replacement
Hello all...

An image used in the article, specifically Image:AlymCadre1.jpg, has a little bit of a licensing issue. The image was uploaded back when the rules around image uploading were less restrictive. It is presumed that the uploader was willing to license the picture under the GFDL license but was not clear in that regard. As such, the image, while not at risk of deletion, is likely not clearly licensed to allow for free use in any future use of this article. If anyone has an image that can replace this, or can go take one and upload it, it would be best.

You have your mission, take your camera and start clicking.--Jordan 1972 (talk) 21:48, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Bzzt. "This template is for legacy images and should not be added to images uploaded after 1st Jan 2006. GFDL presumed." Now run along little one. Timeshift (talk) 22:51, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

CEC MPs?
I notice there was a CEC MP at Electoral district of Barambah. This should probably be added to a list in the article. Does anyone know of other CEC MPs? Was Perrett elected in Barambah under the CEC banner? Timeshift (talk) 09:52, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes he was - he won a by-election in 1988 against the endorsed Nationals candidate - but he switched to the Nationals before the 1989 election. He later became a minister in the Borbidge Ministry, but lost his seat to One Nation at the 1998 election. There has been no other CEC MPs - he was elected when CEC was associated with Eric Butler and the League of Rights, before they got taken over by the LaRouche people. Orderinchaos 10:03, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * What Orderinchaos said. Perrett's short term as a CEC rep is already listed; I suppose it can't hurt to highlight that again at the bottom if you want, but there aren't any others. Rebecca (talk) 10:15, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Out of sheer interest, any idea if detailed results of the by-election are available? Timeshift (talk) 10:18, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Yep. I'll create a shell article to house them, if nobody minds expanding it into an article. Orderinchaos 10:22, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. By no means complete, and unfortunately the best source I have on the by-election (the Political Chronicle) isn't actually terribly comprehensive in this instance. Pretty much all the useful stuff is there. Might try SMH/Age on Factiva later. Orderinchaos 10:48, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Muslim supporters?
There does not seem to be any basis for the claim that "In the mid-2000s, the party found support from Muslim groups opposed to the detention of suspected terrorists by the United States at Guantanamo Bay detention camp". One link is dead, the other makes no such claim. This allegation ought to be deleted.Royalcourtier (talk) 06:09, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Left wing?
If the CEC is inspired and close to the LaRouche movement, it is left wing, nor right wing.Royalcourtier (talk) 06:35, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Most of their policies as listed in the article seem left-wing. Jimp 14:36, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

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Needs update and restructure?
The article contains a confusing mix of references to the CEC and ACP which appear to stem from the party’s renaming in 2007.

To preserve adequate references to the history of the party I would propose the article be restructured to move all defences to the CEC into a History sub-section, or introduce a timeline structure of sub-headings to the article’s body to preserve pre-2007 information.

I am not an expert on either the CEC or ACP, not involved with the party (either now or then). I noted the outdated content via use of the page to get basic information on the ACP.

A restructure would likely require input from someone familiar with the party and its history to ensure accuracy is maintained. Ayrendal (talk) 17:42, 8 July 2021 (UTC)

 * The party wasn't renamed in 2007 but vastly more recently - it seems to have happened around 2020 but I cannot find an exact source for that. I don't see a problem necessarily with just renaming mentions of "CEC" to "ACP" as it doesn't appear that anything else changed other than the name, but it may cause confusion because it's vastly better known as the CEC. The Drover's Wife (talk) 03:55, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

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Talk:Minnie Mouse

Untitled
Minniemouse Jayden

Sweetheart link
Sweetheart is a dis-ambiguation page. How should the link to sweetheart in this article be dis-ambiguated?? 66.245.27.17 14:04, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Character Popularity
The character popularity thing under Trivia, could anyone confirm that one way or another? I work in DCA and the most popular characters there are the Incredibles.. And in Disneyland, I see the longest lines for Winnie the Pooh. I think whoever altered the trivia section was putting in their on POV, rather than going off statistics.--Vercalos 02:32, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

I don't know english language

 * aliases    = Minerva
 * relatives  =Marcus Mouse (father), Agatha Mouse (aunt), Marshall and Matilda Mouse (grandparents), Mortimer Mouse (uncle in-law), Millie and Melody Mouse (nieces)
 * friends    = Mickey Mouse (boyfriend), Daisy Duck, Donald Duck, Goofy
 * rivals     =

This dates real?

Marjorie Ralston, the first voice of Minnie Mouse
Marjorie Ralston, Walt Disney's 13th employee (an inker and a trainer for the new recruits on the inking production line), provided the original voice of Minnie Mouse. While she is uncredited in that role, there are sources that verify this information. For one, check out: http://starbulletin.com/98/08/04/news/obits.html Fieldspring (talk) 16:31, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * You know, the sources claim that she voiced Minnie in only one cartoon, but haven't said which cartoon it was? --MaxamillionSmart (talk) 18:43, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

First Appearance?
Isn't the first appearance Plane Crazy like Mickey Mouse? 92.20.31.125 (talk) 00:09, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

CARTOON IMAGE, PLEASE!
I'd rather have a cartoon picture of Minnie rather than that photo of costumed Minnie at Disney World. Just so researchers can know how she really looks like. J.Severe —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.45.37.168 (talk) 21:18, 16 February 2010 (UTC)

Reguarding this red link I found...
The link to the Mickey Mouse Clubhouse article was red; so I removed the "!" in the hyperlink and made it accessible. 74.12.126.46 (talk) 23:44, 12 April 2011 (UTC) (Thomas)

Minnie's voice
Judy Garland was never at one point the voice of Minnie prior to 1986 Ruth Clifford would always perform the voice from 1942-1986 Matthew Cantrell (talk) 18:36, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

Russi Taylor
I've been doing some re-search, and I learned that Russi Taylor actually started voicing Minnie in 1987 instead of 1986, she first voiced her in Disney's DTV series in 1987. But first, before I add it in the article, I need to find a source first. FrozenFan2 (talk) 12:58, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

Actually, I could be wrong, maybe 1986 is when she first auditioned for the role, maybe that's why. FrozenFan2 (talk) 21:18, 14 May 2015 (UTC)

Dutch
Does anyone know Minnie's Dutch voice actress? --Laughing Elephant (talk) 16:17, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

Gleam and Minerva
In 1942 a range of January to May is given. Which month's issue reveals Minnie's full name and on what page? We should get more specific. 64.228.89.137 (talk) 17:58, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

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External links modified (February 2018)
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:51, 15 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Disneyland Mickey and Minnie kiss as cowboys.jpg

New voice actress
Someone on Disney Wiki has said that a voice director confirmed the new voice is Melissa Krystine; she's a newcomer who has never done any acting before, much like Bret Iwan. 75.99.18.219 (talk) 15:40, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

We need an actual source. JDDJS ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 17:46, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

I've just recently found that it is actually Kaitlyn Robrock who is the new voice actress for Minnie Mouse.

The only source that proves this is in Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures, in the end credits for the episode: "Mickey's Roomate / Minnie's Bow-Tel".

No other source at this time... Trekker-J1 (talk) 16:33, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

First voiced by Disney himself
I'd argue that this is a significant detail and belongs in the lead. I suspect that many readers will assume she has always been voiced by females. (In fact, there may also be a much stronger case for adding Disney's voice to the lead of Mickey Mouse). Martinevans123 (talk) 15:44, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

 * The character has been around for over 90 years. Walt voiced her for less than 2 years. How many cartoons did he even voice her in? In fact, there doesn't even appear to be a source for Walt voicing her, and I couldn't find one. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 20:16, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

 * He did Steamboat Willie, of course, the first ever, where he did all the voices. If the article is to be believed, then he also did the next eight, all in 1929: The Gallopin' Gaucho, The Barn Dance, Plane Crazy, When the Cat's Away, The Plowboy, The Karnival Kid, Mickey's Follies and Mickey's Choo-Choo, before Marjorie Ralston, was employed to do Wild Waves? Regards. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:25, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
 * p.s. oh, no source? That's quite a surprise. I think we need a source, whatever else we do. Martinevans123 (talk) 20:26, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
 * p.p.s. yes, all of those nine, with Walt voicing Minnie, have been around for 90 years. Martinevans123 (talk) 16:03, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Kaitlyn Robrock
I have yet to find any sources confirming that Kaitlyn Robrock voiced Minnie Mouse on the episode of the Mickey Mouse Mixed up Adventures. Furthermore, even if it is true that she does voice Minnie in that series, it does not mean that she's the new primary voice actress. Donald Duck is not voiced by his primary voice actor in that series. Minnie could be the same case. Until there's an official statement from the voice actress or Disney saying she's the new voice actress, we should not include her in the infobox. JDDJS ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 22:59, 19 July 2020 (UTC)

Here's a link to a news article about Kaitlyn Robrock as Minnie Mouse. 98.19.224.237 (talk) 03:44, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

Not reliable. And again, just evidence for her voicing in that one show, not evidence for he being the voice actress. JDDJS ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 04:00, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

Look, Daniel Ross is still listed under the voice actor thing for Donald so do the same for Minnie — Preceding unsigned comment added by FredJoesFrank (talk • contribs) 14:29, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

Will this source count? Source:https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2020/07/21/kaitlyn-robrock-new-voice-minnie-mouse-mickey-mouse-mixed-up-adventures/amp/ 2600:1000:B068:88C6:AC1E:A971:CB6A:3142 (talk) 20:26, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

 * That seems to just be a blog, which is definitely not reliable source. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 20:57, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

@JDDJS Can't you just let us add her back in the article again? Were doing the best we can to find a reliable source for her, can you please just stop requesting these articles to be protected all because of this little Kaitlyn Robrock info. It's really not a big deal.2600:1000:B052:90DB:D101:AA15:6D0F:A6CC (talk) 21:12, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Not until there are reliable sources. If it's not a big deal, then why do you care so much that it's added? Reliable sources are one of the biggest rules on Wikipedia, so asking to ignore them without a valid reason, is a big deal. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 21:43, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

No I'm not asking to ignore it, I'm just saying that were trying really hard too find a reliable source so we could restore it back in the article. Both IMDb and Behind the voice actors.com official confirms that she's the current voice of the character now (although I know IMDb doesn't count as a source). Plus, if you check out her page here:https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Kaitlyn-Robrock/ on BTVA.com, the green check mark in the image of the character officially confirmed she's credited in that episode. If you click on the green check mark in the box of the character image, it will literally show her name listed in the credits of the episode. 2600:1000:B045:DE25:96C:7BC9:81E4:E485 (talk) 23:28, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

 * BTVA is not anymore reliable than IMDb. Furthermore, as I said previously, her voicing her on that show does not make her the new main voice actress for Minnie. In fact, even if her voicing her in the single episode could be sourced, that doesn't necessarily she's going to continue to voice her on that show. It could just be a temporary substitution, or it could be just a test run. Until Disney or Robrock makes a statement on the matter, we simply don't know. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 01:45, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

I doubt that it isn't a test for the episode, it actually "DOES" make her the official voice of Minnie Mouse, again it's not a temporary substitution or a test run. It means she "IS" gonna continue to voice her after that episode, when Disney confirms it, they confirm it. Please, you need to stop wasting everyone's time over this situation. Seriously, IMDb says it's not a test or a temporary run, Kaitlyn Robrock has too and is gonna stay in the article. I'm really sorry JDDJS, I'm not trying to be rude here, but please can you just accept what all the sites say and just let people add her back in the article again? Please. 2600:1000:B037:BD2C:B183:6643:DDCC:734 (talk) 13:28, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

 * "It means she "IS" gonna continue to voice her after that episode, when Disney confirms it, they confirm it." That is WP:CRYSTAL, which is not allowed. There are still no reliable sources saying that she's going to be the new main voice, and that is one of the biggest rules of Wikipedia. Everything must be reliably sourced. Speculation is simply not allowed. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 15:53, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

Since she's credited in the episode, it means she "IS" gonna continue to voice the character. I do understand the Wikipedia policy of sources, it's just that's it really hard to find a source that's reliable. I'm sorry, but can we please not argue about this. Because it's gonna make things worse. Plus, I didn't mean to get frustrated against you. 2600:1000:B067:F746:5871:DC9B:F50B:6EA0 (talk) 17:52, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

I actually managed to catch the credits of the new episode of the Mixed-up Adventures today and Russia Taylor was credited as Minnie. JDDJS ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 14:23, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

That doesn't make sense. Because if you rewatch the episode "Mickey's Roommate/Minnie's Bow-tel!", Kaitlyn Robrock's name is still listed in the credits of that episode. The next episode after that the one you mentioned now, was probably Taylor's final performance as Minnie before she died. 2600:1000:B061:6EAA:B100:E256:925F:D921 (talk) 19:12, 25 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Or it could be that Robrock was just a temporary replacement for that single episode. We simply don't know what is going on. Which is why until Disney or Robrock puts out an official statement on the matter, anything we put would just be speculation and against policy.  JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 19:44, 25 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 July 2020
Add Kaitlyn Robrock (2020-present) in the voice actor section of the templete for Minnie Mouse under Russi Taylor since the credits of the recent episode of Mixed Up Adventures shows she's replaced Russi as Minnie. FredJoesFrank (talk) 14:26, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. P,TO 19104 (talk) (contribs) 19:41, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

Minniemouse Jayden — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.66.159.1 (talk) 12:00, 20 January 2022 (UTC)

Culture War
There is some culture war nonsense about a pantsuit that will likely lead to some additional sources or vandalism on this article -- Sleyece (talk) 09:16, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

Minniemouse Jayden — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.7.6.175 (talk) 13:51, 17 May 2022 (UTC)

Minniemouse Jayden — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.7.6.175 (talk) 13:53, 17 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minnie Mouse


text:
K League 1

The K League 1 is the top flight of men's professional football in the South Korean football league system. The league is contested by twelve clubs.

History
The South Korean professional football league was founded in 1983 as the Korean Super League, with five member clubs. The initial five clubs were Hallelujah FC, Yukong Elephants, Pohang Steelworks, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank. Hallelujah FC won the inaugural title, finishing one point ahead of Daewoo Royals to lift the trophy.

The Super League was renamed the Korean Professional Football League, and introduced the home and away system in 1987. It was once again renamed the K League in 1998. After the 2011 season, the K League Championship and the Korean League Cup were abolished, and the league was split into two divisions in 2013. The first division was named the K League Classic, while the newly created second division was named the K League Challenge, and both are now part of the K League structure. Since its creation, the league has expanded from an initial 5 to 22 clubs. Of the five inaugural clubs, only Yukong, Pohang and Daewoo still compete in the K League; Kookmin Bank dropped out of the league at the end of 1984, and Hallelujah followed the season after.

On 22 January 2018, the top-flight competition was renamed as K League 1.

Structure
On 5 October 2011, the league announced a plan to introduce a relegation system from the 2012 season, when two teams were relegated. In 2013, the bottom two teams were directly relegated, while the 12th team played a relegation playoff match against the winner of the newly formed K League Challenge. From the 2013 season, as the number of teams of K League was reduced, only the 12th team is automatically relegated, with the 11th team playing a match against the winner of the K League 2 promotion playoffs.

The league also introduced a split system like the Scottish Premier League in the 2012 season, where each club plays each other three times in the regular round, then the top and bottom six teams are split into Split A and Split B, in which a team plays every other team in the split once, to decide the final standings.

Other information
The K League season typically begins around March and runs to late November each year. The number of games, clubs and the systems used have varied through the years.

A number of the member clubs are owned by South Korean major conglomerates "chaebols". Those clubs have adopted local city names in an effort to integrate themselves more with the local communities. All other teams are owned by local governments.

The K League champions, runners-up, and third-placed team gain entry to the AFC Champions League the following season, with the exception of Sangmu FC due to their unique status as a military team. If the winners of Korean FA Cup cannot qualify for the AFC Champions League or already qualified for it, fourth place also can participate.

In the 2009 season, Gangwon FC joined the K League as its 15th member club. As such, the K League had one or more clubs in each province of South Korea. This was the first time in domestic South Korean professional sports history that there has been at least one club in each province.

Outside South Korea
As of 2024

title: K League 1