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The Used (album)

The Used is the debut studio album by American rock band The Used, released on June 25, 2002, through Reprise Records. The album has been certified platinum by the RIAA in 2019.

Background
Jeph Howard and Branden Steineckert played in a local act that performed shows with another band, which featured Bert McCracken. The former band soon broke up; Howard, Steineckert and Quinn Allman formed a new band, Dumb Luck in October 1999. Shortly afterwards, the group split up. The Used formed in January 2001 with Allman on guitar, Howard on bass and Steineckert on drums. The trio, who were in need of a vocalist, held many fruitless auditions. According to Howard, they "remembered [about McCracken] and called him. After that, everything just fell into place."

Following a period of homelessness, the group recorded a demo release, Demos from the Basement. Allman said the group listened back to the demos "over and over, getting stoked talking about what we wanted to do with them". The group eventually gave a copy to John Feldmann of Goldfinger, "but he would tell us they totally sucked", Allman added. The band subsequently honed their sound before Feldmann flew the group out to Los Angeles, where they played label showcases without any success initially. However, they soon began to receive offers from record companies. Soon afterwards, the group signed to major label Reprise Records in late 2001. McCracken said the label staff "really seemed to get what we're about ... offer[ing] us 100% creative and artistic freedom".

Production and composition
The Used was recorded at Foxy Studios in Marina del Rey, California with Feldmann as the producer. The group recorded piano parts in London at Olympic Studios. Feldmann acted as an engineer with assistance from Mark Blewett and Donny Campion. Feldmann contributed backing vocals to "Bulimic" and "Greener with the Scenery", the latter of which also included additional backing vocals from Carmen Daye. String arrangements on "Greener with the Scenery" and "On My Own" were done by Nick Ingman. Feldmann mixed the recordings, while Joe Gastwirt mastered them at Ocean View Digital Mastering. Steineckert said that "[the] one thing we all took from [working with Feldmann] ... [was] to not lose yourself through everything".

The album's sound has been described as screamo, emo, post-hardcore and melodic hardcore. "The Taste of Ink" is "pretty much about being frustrated and maybe biting on a pen", according to McCracken. McCracken said "Buried Myself Alive" was "about a girl. It's about drugs. It's about loss. It's about being alive, about living". "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" was inspired in part by McCracken's past experiences with drugs. He said it was about "drugs and alcohol and loss and love ... and just being stoked that things are always going to get better or always gonna get worse and that's such a great thing". "Blue and Yellow" is about McCracken and Allman's friendship, as the latter explains: "When the band started to really pick up ... we were almost not being friends anymore because we were focusing so much time on the band and not on each other".

Release
The Used was released on June 25, 2002 through Reprise Records. During the summer, the group performed on the Warped Tour and Ozzfest touring festivals. Despite never having been released as a single, "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" received airplay starting in July, and a band-directed music video was in rotation at TV stations. In late August, a music video was filmed for "The Taste of Ink". In October and November, the band supported Box Car Racer on their headlining tour of the US. In early December, the band performed at KROQ-FM's Almost Acoustic Christmas festival. In January 2003, the band went on a headlining West Coast tour of the US with support from Taking Back Sunday, New Transit Direction and the Blood Brothers. "Buried Myself Alive" was released to radio on January 28. The following day, the band posted the music video to the song on their website. The video was directed by Ami & Kinkski, and features McCracken "play[ing] with fire while the band wreaks havoc", according to Kludge.

The Used embarked on a headlining tour of the US East Coast in February 2003 with support from Finch, the Movielife and My Chemical Romance. This was followed by a co-headlining US with Finch, with support from Steel Train and From Autumn to Ashes. "The Taste of Ink" was released as a single on March 11. In March and April, the band went on tour with Coheed and Cambria. In April and May, the group went on tour with Thrice. Two of these shows formed part of MTV's Campus Invasion tour. "Blue and Yellow" was released to radio on May 19. From June to August, the group performed at Warped Tour. In July, the group released a CD/DVD album, Maybe Memories. The CD included live versions of "Maybe Memories", "Say Days Ago", "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" and "On My Own", Japanese-exclusive bonus track "Just a Little", a demo of "Bulimic", and "Sometimes I Just Go for It", a track that had been recorded during the piano sessions in London.

Reception
Upon its release, the album received positive reviews from critics, with praise being directed primarily to the instrumentation.

Legacy
The album has since become recognized as a landmark album of the emocore and screamo genres. Many bands such as Escape the Fate, Crown the Empire and A Static Lullaby have cited the album as a major influence on their sounds. NME listed the album as one of "20 Emo Albums That Have Resolutely Stood The Test Of Time". Journalists Leslie Simon and Trevor Kelley included the album in their list of the most essential emo releases in their book Everybody Hurts: An Essential Guide to Emo Culture (2007). Alternative Press ranked "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" at number 45 and "The Taste of Ink" at number 21 on their list of the best 100 singles from the 2000s. Tom Weaver of Casey has expressed admiration for the album.

Commercial performance
The Used debuted at number 50 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart in the August 17 issue. It later rose to number one in the November 16 issue and gained "Heatseekers Impact" status when the release moved from number 106 to number 96 on the Billboard 200 chart. It eventually peaked at number 63 on the chart. Reprise Records' marketing director Xavier Ramos said the label's market strategy for the group was to let their fan base build through touring. He said, "We put them on the road soon after we signed them. Our philosophy was that this is a good live band, and they'll win fans over show by show". The Used also charted at number 34 in Australia and number 87 in Germany. It was certified gold in Australia, Canada and the US. "The Taste of Ink" charted at number 19 on the Alternative Songs chart and number 52 in the UK. "Buried Myself Alive" charted at number 13 on the Alternative Songs chart. "Blue and Yellow" charted at number 23 on the Alternative Songs chart.

By July 2003, the album had sold 500,000 copies.

Track listing
All songs written by the Used.

Additional track information
The Used recorded 14 songs during the self titled recording session. The two b-sides from the session are titled "Choke Me" and "Just a Little". "Choke Me" was released as a hidden bonus track on the album and later on Shallow Believer and "Just a Little" was released as a bonus track in Japan only and later on Maybe Memories.

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

The Used
 * Bert McCracken – vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Branden Steineckert – drums, backing vocals
 * Quinn Allman – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Jeph Howard – bass, backing vocals

Additional musicians
 * John Feldmann – backing vocals on "Bulimic" and "Greener with the Scenery"
 * Carmen Daye – additional backing vocals on "Greener with the Scenery"
 * Nick Ingman – string arrangements on "Poetic Tragedy", "Greener with the Scenery" and "On My Own"

Production
 * John Feldmann – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Mark Blewett – assistant engineer
 * Donny Campion – assistant engineer
 * Joe Gastwirt – mastering
 * P.R. Brown – art direction, photography, design
 * Gina Keeler – additional line illustrations

title: The Used (album)


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Jon Kimura Parker

Jon Kimura Parker (born 25 December 1959) is a Canadian pianist.

Early life and education
Jon Kimura Parker was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the son of Keiko Parker and John Parker. He began his studies with his uncle, Edward Parker, at the age of 4.

He appeared with the Vancouver Youth Orchestra when he was five. He studied with Lee Kum-Sing at the Vancouver Academy of Music and The University of British Columbia, Robin Wood at the Victoria Conservatory, Marek Jablonski at the Banff Centre, and Adele Marcus at the Juilliard School. He received an Honorary degree from The University of British Columbia in 2017.

Career
Parker is the recipient of many international awards, and has won famous international competitions, including the prestigious Leeds International Pianoforte Competition in 1984 at the age of 24. Parker received the National Arts Centre Award in 1996, a companion award of the Governor General's Performing Arts Awards.

Parker has appeared as soloist with many of the world's leading orchestras, including the Bergen Philharmonic, the Berlin Radio Symphony, the Bournemouth Symphony, the Cleveland Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the National Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony, the Scottish National Orchestra, the Warsaw Philharmonic, the St Paul Chamber Orchestra, as well as every major Canadian orchestra. As guest soloist, Parker has toured the Pacific Rim with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Japan with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, Germany with the Royal Philharmonic, Western Canada with the National Arts Centre Orchestra and North America with the Hallé Orchestra.

Parker has performed for the US Supreme Court, Queen Elizabeth II, and Prime Ministers of Canada and Japan. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1999.

Parker once appeared on an episode of the Canadian children's TV puppet series Under the Umbrella Tree. He played himself, as well as playing the role of the piano teacher of the lead character Holly (the only lead human among a small cast of puppets). Near the end of the episode Parker performs a concert as part of the show, starting with Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.

Parker has recorded works by Chopin, Tchaikovsky and Prokofiev. His recordings appear on CBC Records and the Telarc labels, among others.

He is Professor of Piano at The Shepherd School of Music, Rice University in Houston, Texas, and, is part of the group "Off the Score", with Stewart Copeland, Yoon Kwon, Marlon Martinez and Judd Miller.

Parker's brother James Parker and cousin Ian Parker are also pianists. Together, they have recorded the Mozart piano concertos for 2 and 3 pianos for CBC Records.

Charity work
Parker is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jon Kimura Parker


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Frilled lizard

The frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii), also known as the frillneck lizard, frill-necked lizard or frilled dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. It is native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea. This species is the only member of the genus Chlamydosaurus. Its common names come from the large frill around its neck, which usually stays folded against the lizard's body. It reaches 90 cm from head to tail and can weigh 600 g. Males are larger and more robust than females. The lizard's body is generally grey, brown, orangish-brown, or black in colour. The frills have red, orange, yellow, or white colours.

The frilled lizard is largely arboreal, spending most of its time in trees. Its diet consists mainly of insects and other invertebrates. It is more active during the wet season, when it spends more time near or on the ground, and is less observed during the dry season, during which it seeks shade in the branches of the upper canopy. It breeds in the late dry season and early wet season. The lizard uses its frill to scare off predators and display to other individuals. The species is considered to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Taxonomy
British zoologist John Edward Gray described the frilled lizard in 1825 as Clamydosaurus kingii. He used a specimen collected by botanist Allan Cunningham at Careening Bay, off north-western Australia, while part of an expedition conducted by Captain Phillip Parker King in HMS Mermaid (1817). The generic name, Chlamydosaurus, is derived from the Ancient Greek chlamydo (χλαμύς), meaning "cloaked" or "mantled", and Latin saurus (sauros), meaning "lizard". The specific name, kingii, is a Latinised form of King. It is the only species classified in its genus.

The frilled lizard is classified in the family Agamidae and the subfamily Amphibolurinae. It split from its closest living relatives around 10 million years ago based on genetic evidence. A 2017 mitochondrial DNA analysis of the species across its range revealed three lineages demarcated by the Ord River and the southeast corner of the Gulf of Carpentaria (Carpentarian Gap). One lineage ranged across Queensland and southern New Guinea and is sister to one that ranged from western Queensland to the Ord River. The ancestor of these two split from a lineage that populates the Kimberley. Frilled lizards entered southern New Guinea possibly around 17,000 years ago during a glacial cycle, when sea levels were lower and a land bridge connected the island to Cape York. The study upholds C. kingii as one species with the different populations being "shallow allopatric clades".

The following cladogram is based on Pyron and colleagues (2013).

Description
The frilled lizard and grows to a total length of around 90 cm and a head-body length of 27 cm, and weighs up to 600 g. It has a particularly large and wide head; a long neck to accommodate the frill; long legs and a tail that makes most of its total length. The species is sexually dimorphic, males being larger than females and having proportionally bigger frills, heads and jaws. The corners of the frilled lizard's eyes are pointed and the rounded nostrils face away from each other and angle downwards. Most of the lizard's scales are keeled, having a ridge down the centre. From the backbone to the sides, the scales alternate between small and large.

The distinctive frill is a flap of skin that extends from the head and neck and contains several folded ridges. When fully extended, the frill is disc-shaped and can reach over four times the length of the animal's torso in diameter, or around 30 cm across. Otherwise it wraps around the body. The frill is laterally symmetrical; the right and left sides are attached at the bottom in a V-shape, and cartilage-like connective tissue (Grey's cartilage) connects the top ends to each side of the head near the ear openings. The frill is supported by rod-like hyoid bones, and is spread out by movements of these bones, the lower jaw and Grey's cartilage. This structure mainly functions as a threat display to predators and for communication between individuals. It can also act as camouflage when folded, but this is unlikely to have been a consequence of selection pressure. The frill may be capable of working like a directional microphone, allowing them to better hear sounds directly in front of them but not around them. There is no evidence for other suggested functions, such as food storage, gliding or temperature regulation. Frilled lizards vary between grey, brown, orangish-brown, and black dorsally, the underside being paler white or yellow. Males have a dark belly but a lighter chest. The underside and lateral sides of the species are sprinkled with dark brown markings that merge to create bands on the tail. The colours of the frills vary based on range; lizards west of the Ord River have red-coloured frills, those living between the river and the Carpentarian Gap have orange frills, and those east of the gap have yellow to white frills. New Guinean frilled lizards are yellow-frilled. The more colourful frills have white patches which may add to the display. Colouration is mainly created by carotenoids and pteridine pigments; lizards with red and orange frills have more carotenoids than those with yellow and white frills, the latter two are also lacking in pteridines. Yellow colouration has been linked to higher steroid hormones. Among western lizards, the amount of red or orange colouring correlates with success in display competitions between males of similar size.

Distribution and habitat
The frilled lizard inhabits northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Its Australian range stretches from the Kimberley region of Western Australia east through the Top End of the Northern Territory to Queensland's Cape York Peninsula and nearby islands of Muralug, Badu, and Moa, and south to Brisbane. In New Guinea, it lives in the Trans-Fly ecosystem on both the Papua New Guinean and Indonesian sides of the island. The species mainly inhabits savannahs and sclerophyll woodlands. It prefers highly elevated areas with good soil drainage and a greater variety of tree species, mostly Eucalyptus species, and avoids lower plains with mostly Melaleuca and Pandanus trees. Frilled lizards also prefer areas with less vegetation on the ground, as they can then better spot prey from above.

Behaviour and ecology
The frilled lizard is a diurnal (daytime) and arboreal species, spending over 90% each day up in the trees. It spends as little time on the ground as possible, mostly to feed, interact socially, or to travel to a new tree. Males move around more, 69 m per day on average versus 23 m for females at Kakadu National Park. In the same area, male lizards were found to have an average home range of 1.96 ha during the dry season and 2.53 ha during the wet season; females used 0.63 ha and 0.68 ha for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Male lizards assert their boundaries with frill displays. Frilled lizards are capable of moving bipedally and do so while hunting or to escape from predators. To keep balanced, they lean their heads far back enough, so it lines up behind the tail base.

These lizards are more active during the wet season, when they select smaller trees and are more commonly seen near the ground; during the dry season, they use larger trees and are found at greater heights. Frilled lizards do not enter torpidity during the dry season, but they can greatly reduce their energy usage and metabolic rate in response to less food and water. Body temperatures can approach 40 C. The species will bask vertically on the main tree trunk in the morning and near the end of the day, though in the dry season they cease basking at a lower body temperature to better maintain energy and water. When it gets hotter during day, they climb higher in the canopy for shade. Frilled lizards will use large trees and termite mounds as refuges during wildfires. After a forest is burnt, the lizards select trees with more continuous canopies. Frilled lizards primarily feed on insects and other invertebrates, and very rarely take vertebrates. Prominent prey includes termites, ants and centipedes; termites are particularly important food during the dry season, and moth larvae become important during the wet season. Consumption of ants drops after early dry season fires but rises following fires later in the season. This species is a sit-and-wait predator: it watches for potential prey from a tree and, upon seeing it, climbs down and rushes towards it on two legs before descending on all four to grab and eat it. After feeding, it retreats back up a tree.

Frilled lizards face threats from birds of prey and larger lizards and snakes. When threatened, the species erects its frill to make itself look bigger. This display is accompanied by a gaping mouth, puffing, hissing, and tail lashes. The lizard may also flee and hide from its predators. Several species of nematode infest the gastrointestinal tract. There is at least one record of an individual dying of cryptosporidiosis.

Frilled lizards can breed during the late dry and early wet seasons. Competing males display with gaping mouths and spread frills. Fights can ensue, in which the lizards pounce and bite each other's heads. The female digs a shallow cavity to leave her eggs. They can lay multiple clutches per season, and the number of eggs in a clutch can vary from four to over 20. The incubation period can last two to four months, with milder temperatures producing more males and more extreme temperatures producing more females. Hatchlings have proportionally smaller frills than adults. Lizards grow during the wet season when food is more abundant, and males grow faster than females. Juvenile males also disperse further from their hatching area. The species reaches sexual maturity within two years; males live up to six years compared to four years for females.

Conservation
The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the frilled lizard as of least concern, due to its abundance and wide range, but warns that its population may be locally declining in some areas. It is a popular species in the pet trade, which may threaten some wild populations. Most pet lizards appear to come from Indonesia, as export of them is banned in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government themselves have allocated the frilled lizard as a protected species under the Article 20 of the Environment and Forestry Ministerial Regulation On Types of Protected Plants and Animals. Being difficult to breed in captivity, many presumed captive bred lizards are likely to have been taken from the wild. Frilled lizards may also be threatened by feral cats, though they do not appear to be significantly affected by the invasive cane toad.

Relationship with humans
The frilled lizard is considered to be among the most iconic Australian animals along with the kangaroo and koala. Archaeological evidence indicates that frilled lizards were eaten by some indigenous peoples in ancient times. In the late 19th century, William Saville-Kent brought a live lizard to England where it was observed by fellow biologists. Another specimen was kept at a reptile display in Paris, as reptiles were becoming more popular in captivity.

Because of its unique appearance and behaviour, the creature has often been used in media. In Steven Spielberg's 1993 film Jurassic Park, the dinosaur Dilophosaurus was portrayed with a similar neck frill that rose when attacking. Its image has been used in the 1994 LGBT-themed film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. The species has been featured on some Australian coins.

title: Frilled lizard


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USS Biddle (DD-151)

USS Biddle (DD–151) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II, later reclassified AG-114. She was the second ship named for Captain Nicholas Biddle.

Construction and commissioning
Biddle was launched on 3 October 1918 by William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company, Philadelphia, sponsored by Miss Elise B. Robinson, a great-great-grandniece of Captain Biddle. The ship was commissioned on 22 April 1919.

Service history
Following her commissioning, Biddle made a cruise to the Mediterranean Sea and returned to New York on 1 July 1920. After assignment to Division 48, Atlantic Fleet, she cruised along the east coast until decommissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 20 June 1922. She remained laid up until recommissioned on 16 October 1939. Until November 1940 she served on patrol duty with Destroyer Division 66, Atlantic Squadron, and on training duty with Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps. She patrolled in the Caribbean Sea under orders of the Commandant, 15th Naval District (November 1940-May 1941) and then rejoined Destroyer Division 66 patrolling out of Key West, Florida.

Biddle spent March 1942-February 1945 on convoy duty in the Caribbean except for two short periods. She formed part of anti-submarine TG 2. (18 January 1944 – 27 February 1944) and escorted a convoy to North Africa (24 March 1944 – 11 May 1944). During the latter mission, 11–12 April, while fighting off an air attack, she had seven men wounded by a strafing attack by a German plane. Biddle operated off the east coast, March–July 1945, on training exercises with motor torpedo boats. She was reclassified a miscellaneous auxiliary (AG-114) on 30 June 1945, and arrived at Boston Navy Yard on 15 July for conversion. Her conversion was completed just as the war with Japan ended and she remained at Boston until decommissioned on 5 October 1945. She was sold for scrap on 3 December 1946.

Awards
Biddle received one battle star for her service with Convoy UGS-37.

title: USS Biddle (DD-151)


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Leonard A. Scheele

Leonard Andrew Scheele (July 25, 1907 – January 8, 1993) was an American physician and public servant. He was appointed the seventh Surgeon General of the United States from 1948 to 1956.

Early years
Scheele was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. While in high school, he worked in his father's pharmacy and planned to enter medicine. For his undergraduate education, Scheele chose the University of Michigan (B.A., 1931) over Indiana University, citing the former's medical reputation. While at Michigan, he became a member of the Delta Chi fraternity. He ended up following his future spouse, then a dental student, to Detroit. He received his M.D. in 1934 from the Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery (now the Wayne State University School of Medicine).

Career
Scheele graduated at the height of the Great Depression. Inspired by one of his medical school professors, who taught preventive medicine and directed the laboratories at the Michigan State Health Department, Scheele followed up on a recruitment visit by Public Health Service (PHS) officers from Detroit's Marine Hospital. Encouraged by his school's dean, he competed successfully for an internship at Chicago's Marine Hospital (1933–1934). Once Scheele accepted a commission as an Assistant Surgeon (July 2, 1934), he began a series of rotations at quarantine stations, in San Francisco and San Pedro, California and at Honolulu, Hawaii, where a light schedule of duties included inspecting aircraft at Pearl Harbor.

The New Deal and the National Cancer Act of 1937 transformed public health, and Scheele's career. Reassigned to Washington, DC during 1936, Scheele came to the attention of then-Surgeon General Thomas Parran, Jr. and one of his top lieutenants, Joseph Walter Mountin, who choose Scheele to join a new Division of Public Health Methods. After a brief field assignment in public health administration (Acting County Health Officer, Queen Anne's County, Maryland), Scheele was sent by Mountin for clinical training (1937–1939) in New York City at the Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases (now the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center). On his return, Scheele served as officer-in-charge of the new National Cancer Control Program.

He spent World War II on assignment to the military. Days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Scheele was dispatched to the Medical Division of the Federal Office of Civilian Defense, under New York City Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia. From 1943 through 1945 he was detailed to the Medical Department of the Army, where he earned the rank of lieutenant colonel and specialized in health-related governance in occupied territories. Following service in Italy and Africa, Scheele arrived in London in early 1944, where he led the Preventive Medicine Section of the Public Health Branch, Medical Division of the G-5 Division at the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force. Scheele closed out the war as director of the Health, Welfare, Education and Religion Division of the Allied Control Council in Berlin and received the U.S. Typhus Medal for his work in Germany.

Surgeon General
After the war, Scheele moved quickly up the ranks to Surgeon General. Promoted to surgeon and appointed assistant chief of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (1946), he oversaw a new program of grants-in-aid to the states for cancer control work in the areas of biology, biochemistry, biophysics, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and pathology. Scheele's skilled diplomacy before the United States Congress in the spring of 1947 netted the National Institute of Health (NIH) a fourteenfold increase in budget appropriation. He was elevated to director of NCI and associate director of NIH (1947), the latter a position created for him.

Scheele served as surgeon general first under a Democratic President, Harry S. Truman, who appointed Scheele as Surgeon General Parran's successor on April 6, 1948, and 4 years later under a Republican, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, his former commander during the war. Scheele built on his wartime experience and carried on PHS's leadership in international health, leading the U.S. delegations to the World Health Assembly (1949 through 1953) and serving twice as President of the World Health Organization.

But the domestic scene occupied the lion's share of his energies. Together with the philanthropists Albert and Mary Lasker and voluntary health organizations like the American Cancer Society, Scheele worked closely with enthusiastic supporters in Congress to bring biomedical research fully into the fold of public health practice. NCI provided a working model, and a categorical approach organized about specific diseases became the means. Legislation enacted during 1948 made NIH into a plural "Institutes" by adding a National Heart Institute, the National Institute of Dental Research, the National Microbiological Institute (predecessor to the Allergy and Infectious Diseases Institute), and the National Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (renamed the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases in 1950), followed by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness (1950) and a 500-bed Clinical Center to link bench research with patient care (1953). Lay representation on national advisory councils, construction grants for laboratories, and extramural research grants each contributed to the growing scientific and institutional authority of NIH. He was also a loving great-grandfather.

Scheele also inherited projects begun before 1941, whose formal implementation had been delayed by the war, including the transfer of the Interior Department's health bureau for American Indians (1954), the transfer of the Department of Defense's Armed Forces Medical Library (1956, renamed the National Library of Medicine), and new programs to control water pollution (1948), ionizing radiation (1948), and air pollution (1955).

Scheele's administrative skills helped PHS weather two public controversies that dominated 1950s America: fluoridation of public drinking water supplies and outbreaks of polio that followed a government-sanctioned vaccination campaign. These issues highlighted the importance of political consensus and public acceptance in evaluating the costs and benefits of public health interventions. Following decades of research and the success of a 1945 clinical trial involving Grand Rapids, Michigan school children, PHS gave formal support to fluoridation as of June 1950, and Scheele issued his public, unqualified recommendation on April 24, 1951, enhancing PHS's public credibility and further elevating the role of the Surgeon General as a spokesperson for health.

On the other hand, controversy surrounding failed batches of polio vaccine threatened to destroy public faith in the Federal health establishment. After the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis sponsored a successful national trial of Jonas Salk's vaccine in Ann Arbor, Michigan (1954), PHS had released licensing standards for the vaccine and approved six manufacturers to begin production. Scheele and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) Secretary Oveta Culp Hobby released this long-awaited news at a press conference on April 12, 1955, the tenth anniversary of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's death from complications of polio. Health departments around the country administered over 10 million doses, 90 percent to elementary school-aged children, until weeks into the public health campaign, reports came in of fresh cases among vaccinated children and their contacts. Amid growing public furor, Scheele took action. On April 27 he requested that one of the manufacturers, Cutter Laboratories, recall its vaccine and he created a new Poliomyelitis Surveillance Unit at the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) and a national infrastructure for case reporting from the states. During May Scheele halted the national campaign until the remaining vaccines were cleared. Relative scarcity of the vaccine created public health crises of another sort: most vaccinations were held off until autumn, giving CDC time enough to evaluate the revised safety regulations but also leading to a political falling out between Hobby and the United States Congress.

Later life
The following August (1956) Scheele resigned from his post as Surgeon General, to become President of Warner-Chilcott Laboratories, then part of the Warner-Lambert Company of Summit, New Jersey. As a private sector executive, he continued to serve his country, for example, travelling to Cuba on behalf of the John F. Kennedy Administration, to arrange for the transfer of millions of dollars of medicines, public health and food supplies in exchange for the release of hostages taken during the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. After his retirement from Warner-Lambert, Scheele returned to the Washington, D.C., where he died on 8 January 1993.

title: Leonard A. Scheele


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Student Radio Association

The Student Radio Association (SRA) is a representative body which supports and acts on behalf of the UK student radio community, comprising radio stations that are associated with or linked to a place of education. It is a not-for-profit organisation, which exists to encourage and facilitate communication between student stations. It was dissolved by Companies House in May 2018, but was reincorporated on 30 August 2019 as the Student Radio Association Ltd Ltd.

History
The SRA was formed following the liquidation of the National Association of Student Broadcasting (NASB), which was formed as a limited company on 5 August 1988. NASB, a Private company limited by guarantee, was dissolved in January 2002, although had collapsed as a business in 1991. That year saw the creation of the SRA as a community. In November 2007, the SRA was incorporated as a Private Company Limited by Guarantee. There are 65 member stations of the SRA, which includes student radio stations across the UK. Membership to the SRA is on a yearly basis.

The SRA receives support from a number of industry partners, some which have been associated with the organisation for many years. The Radio Academy provides free membership for SRA members. Students involved with the SRA automatically become part of the Association of Student Radio Alumni (ASRA) following their graduation, which is a network of people formerly involved in student radio. Other associated organisations include Global Media & Entertainment and BBC Radio, which provides speakers at SRA events.

The SRA Officers
The SRA is run by officers that have various roles within the organisation. The SRA is governed by an elected executive team, with elections held annually and voted by the station managers of member stations. The latest elections took place online, with the following individuals elected to office from July 2024:
 * Chair – Summer Wilde
 * Operations Officer – Jon Rodney-Jones
 * Network Officer – Jack Corbett
 * Marketing and Communications Officer – Ruby Stillman
 * Membership Officer – Cameron Conner
 * Events Officer – Ben Swift

Administrative roles within the SRA are chosen by the departing executive team. The SRA also appoints regional officers that provide support for stations in a region of the UK. Candidates for regional officers are elected to the role following a vote by the station managers in their region.

The Student Radio Awards (SRAs)
The Student Radio Awards (SRAs) is an awards scheme celebrating talent within the UK student radio industry, held annually since 1995 and supported by BBC Radio 1, the ASRA and Global Radio. The awards are announced in a ceremony in November, with past presenters including well-known radio personalities, such as Fearne Cotton, Scott Mills, and Nick Grimshaw. The first awards took place at the University of London Union. Due to the increased popularity of the event, the SRAs moved to The indigO2 in London in 2008. The awards on offer range from Best Newcomer, Best Interview, and Best Live Event, up to the most prestigious, Best Student Station of the Year. The current Awards Chairperson is Huw Stephens. Previous chairs have included Stephanie Hirst, Steve Lamacq, and Dev (DJ).

In 2008, the Kevin Greening Creativity Award was introduced to reward students that had displayed new and innovative radio. The award is named in honour of Kevin Greening, a former chair of the awards and presenter on Cambridge University Radio. Greening co-hosted The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Zoë Ball from 1997 to 1998, prior to his death in 2007.

As well as student radio award trophy, winners of the best male and female awards are also given the chance to host a show on BBC Radio 1. In 2012, female winner Hattie Pearson, from Fuse FM, covered an early morning breakfast slot on the station on 29 March 2013. Best male winner Ethan O'Leary, from Spark FM, covered the same show on 1 April 2013. Also in 2012, Abbie McCarthy, from RaW 1251AM, was offered free training from the BBC Academy after winning the Best Newcomer trophy. Many past winners of Student Radio Awards have gone on to become big names within the UK radio industry, most notably Greg James (Winner Best Male 2005), who now works at Radio 1, and Mark Crossley (Winner Best Male 2008), who now works at Absolute Radio.

SRA Conference
Each year, the SRA holds a conference, usually during the University Easter break. Each year, member stations submit a conference proposal to hold the conference at their university. The SRA committee selects the winning station towards the start of each year. The conference takes place over 3 days and is funded through ticket sales. At the SRA Conference, speakers are invited to speak on a variety of subjects, including the future of Student Radio and radio techniques. Speakers are invited from radio organisations, such as the head of BBC Radio 1 Aled Haydn Jones.

From 2010, the 'Amplify Awards' (formerly 'I Love Student Radio' awards) have been held at the conference. These are in addition to the SRAs and are dedicated to rewarding the people behind the scenes of student radio. Awards include the "Most Improved Station", which was won in 2023 by Leeds Student Radio. As well as the awards, the SRA annual general meeting is held at the conference.

The locations of the most recent conferences are listed below:
 * The 2009 Student Radio Conference was held at Leeds University.
 * The 2010 Student Radio Conference was held at Nottingham Trent University.
 * The 2011 Student Radio Conference was held at the University of Hertfordshire.
 * The 2012 Student Radio Conference was held at the University of Bradford.
 * The 2013 Student Radio Conference was hosted at De Montfort University (Leicester).
 * The 2014 Student Radio Conference was hosted at Newcastle University
 * The 2015 Student Radio Conference was hosted at the University of Exeter.
 * The 2016 Student Radio Conference was hosted at the University of Cardiff.
 * The 2017 Student Radio Conference was hosted at De Montfort University (Leicester).
 * The 2018 Student Radio Conference was hosted at the University of East Anglia.
 * The 2019 Student Radio Conference was hosted at University of Swansea.
 * The 2021 Student Radio Conference was hosted Virtually.
 * The 2022 Student Radio Conference was hosted at Newcastle University.
 * The 2023 Student Radio Conference was hosted at University of Exeter.
 * The 2024 Student Radio Conference was hosted at University of Leeds.

SRA Chart Show
The SRA runs the National Student Radio Chart Show, which broadcasts live across the UK every Sunday from 2pm. The chart broadcasts from a different member station each week, with student presenters from that station in charge of the show. The show is aired on member stations that have signed up to air the show and is repeated on across the student radio network throughout the week.

The show lasts for 120 minutes, counting down the top 20 biggest hits playing on student radio across the UK. Stations that host the show are eligible to enter the Best Student Radio Chart Show category at the Student Radio Awards.

title: Student Radio Association


text:
Comedian Harmonists

The Comedian Harmonists were an internationally famous, all-male German close harmony ensemble that performed between 1928 and 1934 as one of the most successful musical groups in Europe before World War II. The group consisted of Harry Frommermann (tenor buffo), Ari Leschnikoff (first tenor), Erich A. Collin (second tenor), Roman Cycowski (baritone), Robert Biberti (bass), and Erwin Bootz (pianist).

The hallmark of the Comedian Harmonists was its members' ability to blend their voices together so that the individual singers could appear and disappear back into the vocal texture. Its repertoire was wide, ranging from the folk and classical songs arranged by Frommermann to appealing and witty popular songs of the day by writers such as Peter Igelhoff, Werner R. Heymann and Paul Abraham.

History

In 1927, unemployed actor Harry Frommermann was inspired by The Revelers, a jazz-influenced popular vocal group from the United States, to create a German group of the same format. According to Douglas Friedman's 2010 book The Comedian Harmonists, in August 1929 both groups appeared on the same bill at the Scala in Berlin and became good friends. Frommermann held auditions in his flat on Stubenrauchstraße 47 in Berlin-Friedenau, and, once the group was assembled, it quickly began rehearsals. After some initial failures, the Harmonists soon found success, becoming popular throughout Europe, visiting the United States, and appearing in 21 films.

The members of the group were:

The group's success continued into the early 1930s, but eventually ran into trouble with the Nazi regime: three of the group members – Frommermann, Collin, and Cycowski – were either Jewish or of Jewish descent, and Bootz had married a Jewish woman. The Nazis progressively made the group's professional life more difficult, initially banning pieces by Jewish composers, and finally prohibiting them from performing in public. The group's last concert in Germany was in Hanover on March 25, 1934, after which they sailed to the United States on SS Europa (1928) and gave several concerts. Fearing internment if they stayed abroad, however, they eventually returned home amid bitter internal disputes.

Frommermann, Cycowski, and Collin subsequently fled Germany and formed a new group in Vienna, which performed under the names "Comedian Harmonists" and "Comedy Harmonists" with a new pianist, bass, and high tenor. The remaining members in Germany likewise replaced their counterparts in a successor group named "Das Meistersextett" (as the authorities forbade an English-language name). Neither group was able to achieve the original success of the Comedian Harmonists, with the German group stifled by political in-fighting and heavy censorship, as well as the war draft (call-up). The emigrant group toured extensively all across Europe (excluding Germany and, from 1938 on, Austria), but also in the Soviet Union, South Africa, South America, and Australia where they were particularly successful and considered settling down since the Australian government had offered them citizenship. However, after a North American concert tour in 1940, they were unable to return to Australia. Their last concert was in Richmond, on May 1, 1940. After that, they were unable to find work in America due to hostility toward German entertainers, and the group split up.

The Bulgarian Asparuh Leschnikoff (also spelt Leshnikov) returned to his fatherland in 1938 and started a successful career. By 1941, both groups had broken up. Although all members survived the war, they never re-formed after the war.

Erich Collin created a new group in the late 1940s, consisting of himself (now as a baritone), Jack Cathcart (Piano), Fred Bixler (First Tenor), Murray Pollack (Second Tenor), Nicolai Shutorev (Buffo) and Arthur Atkins (Bass). When Shutorev died unexpectedly while the group was on tour in Norway in September 1948, Erich Collin asked Harry Frommermann to jump in as a replacement, and so two of the original Comedian Harmonists were reunited on stage. They continued the tour and recorded six songs for the label "Le Chant du Monde" in Basel in 1949. Shortly afterwards the group disbanded, allegedly due to a lack of discipline among the American members.

The group remained largely forgotten until filmmaker Eberhard Fechner created a four-hour black-and-white television documentary, in which he interviewed the surviving members in 1975, who were scattered throughout the world. The documentary aired over two nights in German in 1977 and caused a resurgence of interest in the music of the Comedian Harmonists, with their records being released on vinyl. In 1979 Erwin Bootz and Robert Biberti received the certificate and the trophy of the Deutscher Schallplattenpreis in the category Historic Recordings/Entertainment for the double-LP, Die Comedian Harmonists Story, Odeon 1 C 148-32 974 M.

They won recognition from the musical entertainment industry in 1998 when they won an honorary award of the Echo Music Prize from the Deutsche Phono-Akademie.

Dramatic representations
They were the subject of the 1997 German movie Comedian Harmonists, released in the United States in 1999 as The Harmonists. In the film, actors lip synched to the musical performances of the group's original recordings.

The 1997 film directly led to a musical play about the group, Veronika, der Lenz ist da – Die Comedian Harmonists, which opened at the Komödie in Berlin in December 1997. When this production closed, the actors who had played the original sextet formed a new group called the Berlin Comedian Harmonists, which recreates the Comedian Harmonists' repertoire.

In 1998, the story of the Comedian Harmonists was depicted in documentary musical theater, in a production entitled "Band in Berlin" performed at the American Music Theatre Festival in Pittsburgh. The production, which then played for three weeks at Broadway's Helen Hayes Theater in March 1999, featured the singing group Hudson Shad.

Harmony: A New Musical about the Comedian Harmonists, with music by Barry Manilow and book and lyrics by Bruce Sussman, premiered at the La Jolla Playhouse in the fall of 1997, and played at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta from September 6, 2013, to October 6, then moved in early 2014 to the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles. The National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene in New York City mounted Harmony during March to May 2022, directed by Warren Carlyle. In April 2023 it was announced that the show would open at Broadway's Ethel Barrymore Theatre on November 13 of that same year. Receiving mixed-to-positive reviews, the production, staged by Warren Carlyle and featuring Chip Zien and Julie Benko, closed on February 4, 2024.

Selected filmography

 * Bombs on Monte Carlo (1931)
 * Princess, At Your Orders! (1931)

Discography

 * Ah Maria, Mari
 * Ali Baba
 * An der schönen blauen Donau ("The Blue Danube")
 * Auf dem Heuboden ("In the Hayloft")
 * Auf Wiedersehen, My Dear ("See You, My Dear")
 * Baby
 * Barcarole
 * Bin kein Hauptmann, bin kein großes Tier ("I'm No Officer, I'm No Hot Shot")
 * Blume von Hawaii ("Flower From Hawaii")
 * Creole Love Call by Duke Ellington
 * Das ist die Liebe der Matrosen ("That's The Sailors' Love")
 * Der Onkel Bumba aus Kalumba tanzt nur Rumba ("Uncle Bumba From Kalumba Only Dances The Rumba")
 * Die Dorfmusik ("The Village Music")
 * Die Liebe kommt, die Liebe geht ("Love Comes, Love Goes")
 * Du bist nicht die erste ("You're Not The First One")
 * Ein bißchen Leichtsinn kann nicht schaden ("A Little Carelessness Can't Hurt")
 * Ein Freund, ein guter Freund ("A Friend, A Good Friend")
 * Ein Lied geht um die Welt ("A Song Goes Around The World")
 * Ein neuer Frühling wird in die Heimat kommen ("A New Spring Will Come Home")
 * Eine kleine Frühlingsweise ("A Little Spring Melody")
 * Einmal schafft's jeder ("Everyone Does It Once")
 * Eins, zwei, drei und vier, glücklich bin ich nur mit dir ("One, Two, Three And Four, I'm Only Happy When I'm With You")
 * Es führt kein and'rer Weg zur Seligkeit ("There's No Other Way to Bliss")
 * Florestan 1., Prince De Monaco ("Florestan The First, Prince Of Monaco")
 * Fünf-Uhr-Tee Bei Familie Kraus ("Five-O'-Clock-Tea With The Kraus Family")
 * Gitarren, spielt auf ("Guitars, Play")
 * Guten Tag, gnädige Frau ("Good Day, Madam")
 * Guter Mond, du gehst so stille
 * Hallo, was machst Du heut', Daisy? ("Hello, Whatcha Doin' Today, Daisy?" from "You're Driving Me Crazy")
 * Ich küsse Ihre Hand, Madam ("I Kiss Your Hand Madam")
 * In einem kühlen Grunde ("In A Cool Place")
 * Irgendwo auf der Welt ("Somewhere In the World")
 * Jetzt trinken wir noch eins ("We drink one more beer")
 * Kannst Du pfeifen, Johanna? ("Can you Whistle, Johanna?")
 * Mein kleiner grüner Kaktus ("My Little Green Cactus")
 * Ohne Dich (Stormy Weather)
 * Puppenhochzeit ("Dolls' Wedding")
 * Schlafe, mein Prinzchen, schlaf ein ("Sleep, My little Prince, Go To Sleep")
 * Schöne Isabella von Kastilien ("Beautiful Isabel from Castile")
 * Schöne Lisa, süße Lisa ("Beautiful Lisa, Sweet Lisa")
 * Tag und Nacht (Night and Day)
 * Ungarischer Tanz Nr. 5 ("Hungarian Dance No. 5")
 * Veronika, der Lenz ist da ("Veronika, Spring is here")
 * Wenn die Sonja russisch tanzt ("When Sonja Dances Russian-like")
 * Wenn der Wind weht über das Meer ("When The Wind Blows Over The Sea")
 * Wenn ich vergnügt bin, muß ich singen ("When I'm Merry, I Must Sing")
 * Whispering
 * Wir sind von Kopf bis Fuß auf Liebe eingestellt ("Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)")
 * Wochenend und Sonnenschein ("Weekend and Sunshine") / Happy Days Are Here Again

title: Comedian Harmonists


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User:Hankmajor

test

title: User:Hankmajor


text:
File:DubuqueRibbons.png

I took this photo of the USS Dubuque's ribbons on March 3, 2002. - Alterego

title: File:DubuqueRibbons.png


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User:Pollanen~enwiki

My name is Russ Pollanen. I created an account and need to do a bit of learning before I do much contributing. I have background in photography, journalism, military, cable, web development, computer networks and teaching. I lived and traveled to many states and countries. Since I currently live in South Carolina I will see what I can do in this area, once I get up to speed on the standards. I really like what I see with the concept, software and I've always enjoyed the results I've received in the past with Wikipedia. So I hope I will be able to make some beneficial contributions here in the future. If someone needs to contact me they can get reach me through my blog at http://nadernow.blogspot.com/ or at nadernowATgmail.com change the "AT" to and @ symbol of course just trying to avoid some of the spam from the good ole email bots:)

Well that blog is old and outdated. Here is my latest blog and a listing of one other past blog:

Latest My Image Your Image. If anyone finds any of the images useful for anything here they are doing at Wiki feel free to use them. They are mine and can be used.

past endeavor was BlogCruiser

title: User:Pollanen~enwiki


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Leroy Edgar Burney

Leroy Edgar Burney (December 31, 1906 – July 31, 1998) was an American physician and public health official. He was appointed the eighth Surgeon General of the United States from 1956 to 1961.

Early years
Burney was born in Burney, Indiana, a town founded by his great-grandfather. He began premedical coursework at Butler University (1924–26) and completed both undergraduate and medical training at Indiana University Bloomington (Bachelor of Science, 1928; Doctor of Medicine, 1930). An introduction to the Public Health Service (PHS) came through a one-year internship at the Chicago Marine Hospital. Initiation into the world of public health followed when Burney took advantage of a fellowship to study at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health (Master of Science, 1931). Courtesy of the renowned epidemiologist Dr. W. H. Frost and the Rockefeller Foundation, Burney was allowed to extend his studies for six months of field work at the Joint Health Department of Charlottesville, Virginia, immunizing preschool children against diphtheria.

Career
Burney, a resident of Charlottesville, sought for and was approved as an Assistant Surgeon in the PHS Regular Corps (1932). His area of expertise would be public health administration at the state and local level, the front lines of public health. Like many of his generation at PHS, Burney came up through the ranks of then-Surgeon General Thomas Parran, Jr.’s venereal disease control programs, receiving specialized training at the New York Marine Hospital (1934) and assisting in the management of rapid treatment centers around the country. Burney helped establish the first PHS mobile venereal disease clinic, in Brunswick, Georgia (1937–39), bringing access to treatment for African Americans, whom Jim Crow segregation excluded from the predominantly white locations of other facilities.

Burney spent most of World War II stateside, where he served as Assistant Chief of PHS's Division of State Relations (1943–44), except for a five-month detail to the Navy, where he traveled to the Mediterranean on behalf of the War Shipping Administration, to address infectious disease problems affecting ports. After the war, Burney continued his work with state and county health departments, directing PHS's New Orleans district office (1945) and then accepting a detail to be State Health Commissioner and Secretary of Indiana's new State Board of Health (1945–54) and teach at the Indiana University School of Medicine. In 1954 Burney returned to PHS as an Assistant Surgeon General and Deputy Chief of the Bureau of State Services, overseeing grants-in-aid to the states while being prepared for leadership by then-Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele.

Surgeon General
When Surgeon General Scheele stepped down in August 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated Burney on a recess appointment, and was sworn in as Surgeon General on August 8, 1956, and later confirmed by the Senate in January 1957. Surgeon General Burney applied his administrative know-how to steer PHS successfully through institutional growing pains as the agency responded to new and, at times, conflicting demands from the public, professional and voluntary advocacy groups, the parent Department, and the Congress. The key issues of the day were environmental health and access to health services, the former driven by widely shared alarm over deteriorating environmental conditions and fallout from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and the latter by expectations that national health insurance would soon be realized. In many ways the Kerr-Mills Act of 1960, which authorized government financing of services for senior citizens without adequate means to pay for care, prefigured the Medicare and Medicaid programs that would transform national policy during the following decades.

In response, Burney mustered his leadership to gather facts, draft plans for modernizing PHS and take action. Under future Surgeon General William H. Stewart, the Office of the Surgeon General's Division of Public Health Methods staffed a number of investigatory and advisory bodies whose reports still inform policy decisionmaking, including the Secretary's Consultants on Medical Research and Education (Bayne-Jones report, 1958); the Surgeon General's Consultant Group on Medical Education (Bane report, 1959); the Surgeon General's Report on Environmental Health Problems submitted to the House Appropriations Subcommittee (1959); and the Study Group on the Mission and Organization of the Public Health Service (Hundley report, 1960). In addition, during July 1957 Public Health Methods began implementing the National Health Survey Act of 1956, conducting the first periodic national surveys of chronic disease morbidity and health services: the triennial Health Interview Survey, and the mobile Health Examination Survey (which in 1971 became the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

The Hundley Committee report urged that PHS shed the institutional remnants of its early missions (the hospitals and quarantine) and reorganize to better fulfill its post-1940 mandate to promote civilian public health. Unable to obtain formal authority from Congress but with permission from the Secretary of United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Burney began reorienting PHS structure to reflect its new functions. The Bureau of State Services was divided into two parts, one devoted to issues related to services delivery, under the rubric of "community health," and the other devoted to environmental health. Environmental programs were consolidated and upgraded, with new Division-level units created for radiological health (1957) and air pollution (1960) and a new National Advisory Committee on Radiation. With the exception of the multidisciplinary National Institute of Mental Health, institutional boundaries were redrawn to distinguish services-oriented programs at the Bureau of Medical Services from research at the National Institutes of Health and from information gathering units such as the National Library of Medicine groundbreaking for Bethesda, Maryland facility in June, 1959 and the National Center for Health Statistics established in August 1960, comprising Public Health Method's surveys group and PHS's National Vital Statistics Division.

Surgeon General Burney also refashioned his position to emphasize his role as a spokesperson on behalf of public health. In 1957 and again in 1959, he was the first Federal official to publicly identify cigarette smoke as a cause of lung cancer, issuing statements that paved the way for his successor, Surgeon General Luther L. Terry. Traditional public health functions remained no less important. During his tenure Burney played a leadership role in public health affairs both internationally chairing the U.S. delegation to the 1959 World Health Assembly and domestically serving as President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers. In addition, he supported an effective response by the Communicable Disease Center to the 1957 Asian influenza pandemic and gave ongoing, measured support to the development of the oral polio vaccine developed by Albert Sabin.

Later years
On January 29, 1961, shortly after President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration, Surgeon General Burney stepped down from his post to give the new Democratic administration the opportunity to nominate its own choice for Surgeon General. Reforms and ideas raised during Burney's administration would become the foundations of health policy under Presidents Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. After retiring from PHS, Burney served as Vice President for Health Sciences at Temple University and on the Board of the Milbank Memorial Fund until his retirement in 1990. He died on July 31, 1998, in Park Ridge, Illinois.

title: Leroy Edgar Burney


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Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison

The Diocese of Madison (Diœcesis Madisonensis) is a Latin Church diocese in the southwestern part of Wisconsin in the United States. The diocese has approximately 167,000 Catholics in 102 parishes with 98 priests in active ministry.

The bishop of Madison is Donald J. Hying. The diocese currently has no cathedral. Its previous cathedral, Saint Raphael's, was destroyed by fire in 2005.

Territory
The Diocese of Madison comprises Columbia, Dane, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Jefferson, Lafayette, Marquette, Rock, and Sauk counties. The area of the diocese is approximately 8,070 sqmi.

Early history
In the 16th and early 17th century, the Wisconsin area was part of the French colony of New France. During this time, the French bishops in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, had jurisdiction over Canada and North America east of the Mississippi River.

When the British took control of New France in 1763, the bishops in Quebec continued to have jurisdiction in the region. In 1791, soon after the conclusion of the American Revolution, Pope Pius VI erected the Diocese of Baltimore. It covered all the American states and the Northwest Territory, which included part of present-day Wisconsin. The rest of Wisconsin became part of the territory after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

In 1843, Pope Leo XIII erected the Diocese of Milwaukee, which included all of present-day Wisconsin. Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848. Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Lacrosse and the Diocese of Green Bay in 1868. The Madison region would remain part of these three dioceses for the next 78 years.

During the 19th century, Reverend Samuel Mazzuchelli established 25 parishes in Wisconsin, 11 of which are in the Madison area.

1946 to 2003
The Diocese of Madison was established on January 9, 1946, by Pope Pius XII. The diocese was created out of territory from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay. The pope selected Bishop William Patrick O'Connor from the Diocese of Superior as the first bishop of Madison.

During O'Connor's tenure, the diocese went from having 135 priests serving 82,000 Catholics to having 290 priests serving a Catholic population of 180,640. In his first year as bishop, O'Connor established the Blessed Martin Guild to promote racial understanding and convert more minorities to Catholicism. He also founded Holy Name Seminary in Madison in 1965. As part of the Second Vatican Council's reforms, he established a diocesan priest senate in 1966. O'Connor resigned in 1967.

In 1967, Pope Paul VI appointed Auxiliary Bishop Cletus F. O'Donnell from the Archdiocese of Chicago as the second bishop of Madison. He established ministries for the deaf and the developmentally disabled. He also encouraged adult education and created a religious education consultants program to help individual parishes.

After O'Donnell retired in 1992, Pope John Paul II named Bishop William Bullock of the Diocese of Des Moines to replace him. The pope declared Reverend Mazzuchelli, a pioneer priest from the 19th century, as venerable in 1993. In 1995, Bullock closed Holy Name Seminary, a private boys high school in Madison. Bullock retired in 2003.

2003 to present
Bishop Robert C. Morlino from the Diocese of Helena was named the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Madison in 2003 by John Paul II. Morlino supported the application of Summorum Pontificum, an apostolic letter issued by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007 on the use of the Tridentine Mass. Morlino celebrated the Tridentine Mass in several parishes. He ordered all the parishes to move the tabernacles in their churches to central places of prominence. Morlino encouraged parishioners to receive communion on the tongue while kneeling, and he encouraged pastors to enlist exclusively male altar servers.

One of Morlino's main objectives was to increase the ordination of priests in the diocese. He helped raise $44 million for the endowment fund "Priests for Our Future". The number of seminarians grew from six to 30 during his episcopate, one of the largest increases in the United States. Catholics in his diocese had divided opinions of him.

In May 2009, Morlino announced that due to budget cuts, he was closing the Catholic Multicultural Center, which provided food and other support for residents on Madison's south side. A handoff to local parish administration and fundraising drive was announced one week later.

In March 2009, Morlino dismissed Ruth Kolpack from her post as a pastoral associate at St. Thomas the Apostle Parish in Beloit, citing breaches of orthodoxy. In a brief meeting with Kolpack, he asked her to take an oath of loyalty and to denounce her 2003 thesis, which advocated women's ordination in the Church and inclusive language relating to God. Morlino fired Kolpack after she refused to denounce her thesis. Morlino died in 2018.

The current bishop of the Diocese of Madison is Donald J. Hying, formerly bishop of the Diocese of Gary. He was appointed by Pope Francis in 2018. In 2023, Hying announced the grouping of all the parishes into 30 pastorates to be run by multiple priests. This reorganization was meant to relieve some of the administrative duties of the diocesan priests.

Cathedral fire

In March 2005, St. Raphael's Cathedral was heavily damaged in an arson attack. William J. Connell was arrested and charged with arson and other crimes, but was deemed incompetent to stand trial due to paranoid schizophrenia. After being deemed competent, he was tried and convicted. In June 2007, Connell was sentenced to 15 years in prison followed by 15 years of close supervision.

In April 2007, Bishop Morlino released plans to erect a new cathedral on the existing site. However, the plans were never realized. In March 2023, Bishop Donald Hying announced that he had petitioned the Vatican to designate St. Bernard's Church in Madison as the new cathedral. In January 2024, it was announced that St. Bernard's would be elevated to cathedral.

Reports of sex abuse
In September 2003, at a legislative hearing in Madison, a woman from Sun Prairie accused Reverend Gerald Vosen, pastor of St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Baraboo, of sexually assaulting her brother when he was age 14 in the 1970s. Vosen, who denied the accusations, was put on leave by the diocese. The diocesan review board reviewed three allegations against Vosen and in February 2003 recommended the permanent suspension of ministry. In May 2004, Vosen unsuccessfully sued one of his accusers. Appeals of the review board decision were declined in 2007 and 2015 by the Vatican.

An Eau Claire man sued the diocese in February 1994, claiming that he had been sexually assaulted by Reverend Michael Trainor in the summer of 1982. The crime allegedly happened in the rectory of St. Thomas Aquinas Church. Trainor left Wisconsin in 1994 after several parents brought accusations to Bishop Bullock. By February 1995, seven other men had joined the lawsuit, claiming abuse by Trainor. The plaintiffs claimed that Bishop O'Donnell was aware of Trainor's abuse of children and transferred him from one parish to another without reporting him to the police or parishioners. A separate suit by nine other men against the diocese regarding Trainor was filed in September 1995. The lawsuits were dismissed in 1995. New allegations of abuse against Trainor were brought to the diocese in 2002 and 2003.

In May 2018, Reverend William Nolan, a retired priest, was charged with six counts of sexual assault. He was acquitted in September 2019 of five of these counts, with the presiding judge dropping the remaining count. The diocese also investigated Nolan and later cleared him from the title of "credibly accused" priest in March 2020 as well.

In June 2019, the diocese agreed to present a list of credibly accused clergy who served in the diocese and hired detectives to assist in this investigation. In March 2020, Bishop Hying announced that investigators had found two sexual abuse allegations against Patrick Doherty, a retired priest from the diocese, to be credible. Hying had already placed restrictions on Doherty.

Bishops of Madison

 * 1) William Patrick O'Connor (1946–1967), his resignation.
 * 2) Cletus F. O'Donnell (1967–1992), his resignation.
 * 3) William H. Bullock (1993–2003), his resignation.
 * 4) Robert C. Morlino (2003–2018), his death.
 * 5) Donald J. Hying (2019–present).

Auxiliary bishops

 * Jerome J. Hastrich (1963–1969), appointed Bishop of Gallup (1969-1990).
 * George Otto Wirz (1977–2004), his resignation.

Diocesan priests who became bishops
Paul J. Swain, appointed Bishop of Sioux Falls (2006-2019).

Churches

 * Albany – St. Patrick
 * Argyle – St. Joseph
 * Ashton – St. Peter
 * Avoca – St. Joseph
 * Baraboo – St. Joseph
 * Barneveld – Immaculate Conception
 * Belleville – St. Francis of Assisi
 * Belmont – St. Philomena
 * Beloit – Our Lady of Assumption
 * Beloit – St. Jude
 * Beloit – St. Thomas the Apostle
 * Benton – St. Patrick
 * Berlin – All Saints
 * Blanchardville – Immaculate Conception
 * Bloomington – St. Mary
 * Boscobel – Immaculate Conception
 * Briggsville – St. Mary Help of Christians
 * Brodhead – St. Rose of Lima
 * Buffalo – St. Andrew
 * Calamine – St. Michael
 * Cambridge – St. Pius X
 * Cassville – St. Charles Borromeo
 * Castle Rock – St. John Nepomucene
 * Clinton – St. Stephen
 * Clyde – St. Malachy
 * Columbus – St. Jerome
 * Cottage Grove – St. Patrick
 * Cross Plains – St. Francis Xavier
 * Cuba City – St. Rose of Lima
 * Dane – St. Michael
 * Darlington – Holy Rosary
 * Dayton – St. James, merged with St. Francis in Belleville
 * De Forest – St. Olaf
 * Dickeyville – Holy Ghost
 * Dodgeville – St. Joseph
 * Doylestown – St. Patrick
 * Durward Glen – St. Camillus
 * East Bristol – St. Joseph
 * Edgerton – St. Joseph
 * Elk Grove – St. Peter
 * Evansville – St. Paul
 * Fennimore – St. Mary
 * Footville – St. Augustine
 * Fort Atkinson – St. Joseph
 * Glen Haven – St. Mary Help of Christians
 * Gratiot – St. Joseph
 * Green Lake – Our Lady of the Lake
 * Hazel Green – St. Francis de Sales
 * Highland – Ss. Anthony and Philip
 * Hollandale – St. Patrick
 * Janesville – Nativity of Mary
 * Janesville – St. John Vianney
 * Janesville – St. Patrick
 * Janesville – St. William
 * Jefferson – St. John the Baptist
 * Jefferson – St. Lawrence
 * Johnson Creek – St. Mary Magdalene
 * Kieler – Immaculate Conception
 * Kingston – St. Mary
 * La Valle – Holy Family
 * Lake Mills – St. Francis Xavier
 * Lancaster – St. Clement
 * Lime Ridge – St. Boniface
 * Lodi – St. Patrick
 * Loreto – St. Patrick
 * Madison – Blessed Sacrament
 * Madison – Holy Redeemer Church
 * Madison – Our Lady Queen of Peace Church
 * Madison – St. Bernard
 * Madison – St. Dennis
 * Madison – St. James Church
 * Madison – St. Joseph Church
 * Madison – St. Maria Goretti
 * Madison – St. Patrick Church
 * Madison – St. Paul's University Catholic Center
 * Madison – St. Peter
 * Madison – St. Thomas Aquinas Church
 * Markesan – St. Joseph
 * Marshall – St. Mary
 * Martinsville – St. Martin of Tours
 * Mazomanie – St. Barnabas
 * McFarland – Christ the King
 * Merrimac – St. Mary
 * Middleton – St. Bernard
 * Mill Creek – St. John the Baptist
 * Milton – St. Mary
 * Mineral Point – Ss. Mary and Paul
 * Monona – Immaculate Heart of Mary
 * Monroe – St. Victor
 * Montello – St. John the Baptist
 * Montfort – St. Thomas
 * Mount Hope – St. Lawrence O'Toole
 * Mt. Horeb – St. Ignatius
 * Muscoda – St. John the Baptist
 * Neshkoro – St. James
 * Oregon – Holy Mother of Consolation
 * Palmyra – St. Mary
 * Patch Grove – St. John
 * Pardeeville – St. Mary
 * Perry – Holy Redeemer
 * Pine Bluff – St. Mary
 * Plain – St. Luke
 * Platteville – St. Mary
 * Portage – St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception
 * Potosi – Ss. Andrew and Thomas
 * Poynette – St. Thomas
 * Princeton – St. John the Baptist
 * Reedsburg – Sacred Heart
 * Rio – St. Joseph
 * Roxbury – St. Norbert
 * Sauk City – St. Aloysius
 * Seymour Corners – Our Lady of Hope
 * Shullsburg – St. Matthew
 * Sinsinawa – St. Joseph
 * Spring Green – St. John the Evangelist
 * Stoughton – St. Ann
 * South Wayne – St. John
 * Sullivan – St. Mary
 * Sun Prairie – Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
 * Sun Prairie – St. Albert the Great
 * Truman – Immaculate Conception
 * Verona – St. Christopher (St. Andrew and St. William Churches)
 * Waterloo – St. Joseph
 * Watertown – St. Bernard
 * Watertown – St. Henry
 * Waunakee – St. John the Baptist
 * Westfield – Good Shepherd
 * Westport – St. Mary of the Lake
 * Wisconsin Dells – St. Cecilia

Cemeteries
Resurrection Cemetery – Madison

High schools

 * Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart – Madison
 * St. Ambrose Academy – Madison

Grade schools

 * St. Joseph's Catholic School in Baraboo is a parochial school. The current school building, designed by the Wisconsin Rapids company Billmeyer and Sons and with a cost of over $500,000, has 11 classrooms. The basement has a cafeteria and a combination auditorium/gymnasium. The second building for the school opened on a filled-in ravine in 1912, northeast of its associated church. The building had three floors and a basement. The first and second floors each had three classrooms, and the second floor also housed the chapel and the library. The third floor had a 600-seat auditorium while the basement had a large banquet hall/gymnasium. The second building became overcrowded due to the post-World War II baby boom, so the third school building, north of the second building, opened in 1958.

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison


text:
The Angel's Command

The Angel's Command is a 2003 novel by Brian Jacques, author of the popular children's series Redwall, and the sequel to Castaways of the Flying Dutchman. It follows the adventures of an immortal boy and his dog as they face pirates and other dangers from the high seas to the mountains.

Plot summary
The Castaways of the Flying Dutchman trilogy is based on the legend of the Flying Dutchman. It tells of how a young boy and his dog managed to escape the fate that befell the ship and its crew. Instead, they were given eternal life, the ability to speak in any tongue, and the ability to talk to each other with their thoughts. Ben, the boy, and Ned, the dog, are sent on a mission to help those in need.

In The Angel's Command, they meet up with a French buccaneer and try to help him fulfill his dream of returning home. Ben and Ned are beset by challenges, and the last one causes the death of their dear friend. Afterwards, they meet up with two other young people, Dominic and Karay. They help an old count find his lost nephew, Adamo, who is captive to the Razan, a clan of robbers living in the Pyrenees, led by an old witch. Ned, Ben, Karay, and Dominic manage to rescue Adamo. Nevertheless, the boy and his dog must move on, and their story continues. The novel was followed by a sequel in 2006 titled Voyage of Slaves.

Translations

 * Les Naufragés du Hollandais Volant, tome 2 : Le Pirate et la sorcière (French)

title: The Angel's Command


text:
User:Sstoneb

Steve "Steve-o" Stonebraker uses the name sstoneb and joined Wikipedia on 2004 October 23 after using it for many months, and making the occasional edit.

title: User:Sstoneb


text:
Naida Cole

Naida Margaret Cole (born October 28, 1974, in Durham, North Carolina, U.S.) is a Canadian-American concert pianist who left a successful career as a recording artist and touring musician in 2007 to pursue medicine, studying at the Warren Alpert Medical School.

Early life
Cole was born in the USA, lived in Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom as a child, and moved to Canada in 1984. She graduated from The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto at the age of 13, making her the second youngest to receive the school's ARCT degree (the youngest was Glenn Gould); at RCM she studied with Marina Geringas. She later studied piano at the Peabody Conservatory of Johns Hopkins University with the pianist and conductor Leon Fleisher, and flute with flutist Robert Willoughby. Other studies brought her to the Fondazione Internazionale per il pianoforte in Cadenabbia, Italy, and to the University of Montreal, where she earned her Masters in Music and studied with Marc Durand. Her decision to become a pianist was made while she attended the Chetham's School of Music.

Musical career
She has recorded music by Fauré, Chabrier, Satie and Ravel. She has performed with the Toronto Symphony, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and National Arts Centre Orchestras and also with Gidon Kremer's Kremerata Baltica, the London Sinfonietta and the Munich, Warsaw and Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestras.

Her debut recording (of music by Fauré, Chabrier, Satie and Ravel) was released on Decca, and was named one of the Critics’ Favourite CDs of 2001 by Gramophone Magazine. BBC Music Magazine awarded it five (out of five) stars. She performed on multiple occasions with Gidon Kremer and with his ensemble Kremerata Baltica, and appeared on their recording After Mozart.

Awards

 * Tenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (1997)
 * Phyllis Jones Tilley Memorial Award for Best Performance of Commissioned Work
 * Steven De Groote Memorial Award for Best Performance of Chamber Music
 * Semifinalist
 * Juno Award (2000): Nominee, Best Classical Album (Solo or Chamber Ensemble)

Medical Career and Personal life
Cole obtained her MD from the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. She completed an internship at Cambridge Health Alliance (Massachusetts), and then her residency in anesthesiology at Massachusetts General Hospital. Cole is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care at the University of Chicago.

She is married to a marine biologist and lives in Hyde Park, Illinois.

title: Naida Cole


text:
Federico Hernández Denton

Federico Hernández Denton (born April 12, 1944 in Santurce, Puerto Rico) was the 15th chief justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.

Biography
Hernández Denton received a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard College in 1966 and a Masters of Law from Harvard Law School in 1969.

After being admitted to practice law in Puerto Rico, he began a career in public service, serving as general counsel to the president of the University of Puerto Rico, as well as occupying various faculty and administrative positions in the university's school of business. From 1973 to 1977 he served as secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Consumer Affairs of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Before being nominated to the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Hernández Denton served on the governing boards of the Puerto Rico Bar Association, the Puerto Rico Legal Services Corporation and the San Juan Community Legal Services Corporation. From 1977 to 1985 he was a professor at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law, where he was also director of the Legal Aid Clinic and served as dean from 1984 to 1985. He is also the author of numerous articles that have been published in various law reviews and journals.

Hernández Denton was appointed associate justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court in 1985 by Puerto Rico Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, a position he held until being sworn in as chief justice on August 9, 2004, after being nominated by Governor Sila M. Calderón and confirmed by the Puerto Rico Senate.

Chief Justice Hernández Denton is the chairperson of the Board of Bar Examiners of Puerto Rico and the president of the Commission of Judicial Evaluation. As chief justice, he presided the Constitutional Board that was responsible for redistricting the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives in light of the 2010 Census results.

In 2007, he was elected to the board of the Conference of Chief Justices. Chief Justice Hernández Denton is also a member of the American Bar Association, the Iberoamerican Summit of Chief Justices and of the Conference of Constitutional Courts of Latin America and Spain, and an elected member of the American Law Institute. He recently received a Doctor of Law Honoris Causa from the Roger Williams University School of Law in Bristol, Rhode Island.

His tenure in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ended with his retirement on April 12, 2014, his 70th birthday.

title: Federico Hernández Denton


text:
Dave Appell

David Appell (March 24, 1922 – November 18, 2014) was an American musician, arranger and record producer born in Philadelphia.

Career
Appell (pronounced "AP-el") is associated mainly with the Cameo-Parkway record label, in whose history he played a substantial part. He started working as an arranger for several United States Navy big bands in the mid-1940s during his service in World War II, including Jimmie Lunceford's black orchestra.

He later arranged for dance orchestras, including Benny Carter and Earl "Fatha" Hines. He recorded for a while on Decca Records as the Dave Appell Four, until Paul Cohen of Decca suggested he change the group name to the Applejacks. Appell also became a publisher, joining ASCAP in 1955, collaborating with Max Freedman.

He appeared prominently in the 1956 Alan Freed film, Don't Knock the Rock, and worked for a while as the studio band and music director on the Ernie Kovacs TV and radio shows in Philadelphia. Next Appell and the Applejacks were playing in Las Vegas, but they soon began to pine for their hometown and returned to Philadelphia, where they started working for Cameo Records, a label founded by Kal Mann and Bernie Lowe.

Appell did background vocals, session work as a guitarist, engineering, arranging and producing. The first hit artist on the Cameo label was Charlie Gracie with "Butterfly". Appell's band backed Gracie on that million-seller in 1957, and on the singer's subsequent hits, "Fabulous", "Ninety-Nine Ways" and "Wander in' Eyes". In 1958 Appell and his group backed John Zacherle on his Top 10 novelty hit "Dinner With Drac".

In the summer of 1958, Appell got an idea for a song from the Philadelphia String Band of a marching-type song with a dance beat. He wrote an instrumental song called "The Mexican Hat Rock", a jumped-up version of the old "Mexican Hat Dance", that he had his studio band record. The song was released under their own name on Cameo that fall and became a big dance hit on American Bandstand, reaching # 16 on the charts. The Applejacks also charted with "Rocka-Conga" (# 38) later in the year.

Appell went on to become the leader of Cameo-Parkway's house band, backing such artists as Chubby Checker, Bobby Rydell, The Dovells, Dee Dee Sharp and The Orlons. In the cases of the aforementioned act's records Appell also arranged and, in many instances, produced, and even co-wrote with Kal Mann, songs such as "Let's Twist Again", "Bristol Stomp", "Mashed Potato Time", and "South Street". These were the years of the twist and other dance crazes, in the launching of which Appell played a vital role. Appell left Cameo in 1964.

In the 1970s he had success with his productions for Tony Orlando and Dawn, including the # 1 hits "Knock Three Times" (1970) and "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" (1973), on Bell Records in New York City. Appell's co-producer at the time was Hank Medress, a founding member of The Tokens musical group.

Appell died on November 18, 2014. Cause of death is unknown. He was survived by his children Roz (Robert Purdy) Appell Purdy, Lynda Appell and granddaughter Sara Millett.

title: Dave Appell


text:
Albert Johnson (criminal)

Albert Johnson (c. 1890–1900 – February 17, 1932), also known as the Mad Trapper of Rat River, was a fugitive whose actions stemming from a trapping dispute eventually sparked a huge manhunt in the Northwest Territories and Yukon in Northern Canada. The event became a media circus as Johnson eluded the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) team sent to take him into custody, which ended after a 150 mi pursuit lasting more than a month and a shootout in which Johnson was fatally wounded on the Eagle River, Yukon. Albert Johnson is suspected to have been a pseudonym and his true identity remains unknown.

Attack on police
Albert Johnson arrived in Fort McPherson after coming down the Peel River on July 9, 1931. He was questioned by RCMP constable Edgar Millen, but provided little information. Millen thought he had a Scandinavian accent, generally kept himself clean-shaven, and seemed to have plenty of money for supplies. After venturing the waterways in an indigenous-built raft to the Mackenzie River delta, he built a small 8 x cabin on the banks of the Rat River. Johnson had not acquired a trapping licence, which was considered odd for someone living in the bush. At that time many northern native traditional trapping areas were being invaded by outsiders fleeing the Great Depression and some complaints may have been intended to remove him.

In December, indigenous trappers complained to the local RCMP detachment in Aklavik that 'Johnson' was tampering with their traps, tripping them and hanging them on the trees. A post incident investigation by the RCMP "found an entirely different story. Evidently, Johnson had roughly told them to take off and had even pointed a gun at them, when they came-a-visiting at Johnson's cabin".

On December 26, Constable Alfred King and Special Constable Joe Bernard, each of whom had a considerable northern experience, trekked the 60 mi to Johnson's cabin to ask him about the allegations. Seeing smoke coming from the chimney, they approached the hut to talk. Johnson refused to talk to them, however, seeming not even to notice them. King looked into the cabin window, at which point Johnson placed a sack across it. The two constables eventually decided to return to Aklavik and get a search warrant.

King and Bernard returned five days later with two other men. Johnson again refused to talk and eventually King decided to enforce the warrant and force the door. As soon as he began, Johnson shot him through the wooden door. A brief firefight broke out, and the team managed to return the wounded King to Aklavik where he eventually recovered.

Manhunt
A posse was then formed consisting of nine men, 42 dogs and 20 lb of dynamite which they intended to use to blast Johnson out of the cabin if necessary. After surrounding the cabin they thawed the dynamite inside their coats. The common version states that this charge was thrown onto the roof of the cabin, collapsing it in the following explosion. After the explosion, the men tried to rush in. Johnson opened fire from a five-foot dugout beneath the ruins. No one was hit, and after a 15-hour standoff (ending at 4:00 A.M.) in the -40 C weather, the posse retreated to Aklavik for further assistance. Again, the RCMP investigative report partially contradicts this, claiming that the dynamite charge barely damaged the cabin, but it was later purposely destroyed to prevent him from returning to it, which may have led to the impression by some that the blast had destroyed it.

By this point, the news had filtered out to the rest of the world via radio. After being delayed because of blizzard conditions, the reinforced posse returned on January 14 to find that Johnson had left the cabin, and the posse struck out after him. Eventually, they caught up with him on January 30, surrounding him in a thicket. In the ensuing firefight, Johnson shot Constable Edgar Millen through the heart, killing him. Millen was later to have a tributary of the Rat River, Millen Creek, named for him. A memorial is located in the area. Once again they fell into retreat. The posse continued to grow, enlisting local Inuvialuit and Gwich'in who were better able to move in the back country. Johnson had clearly decided to leave for the Yukon, but the RCMP blocked the only two passes over the Richardson Mountains. That did not stop Johnson, who climbed a 7000 ft peak and once again disappeared.

In desperation, the RCMP hired First World War flying ace and leading post-war aviator Wilfrid "Wop" May of Canadian Airways to help in the hunt by scouting the area from the air. He arrived in the new ski-equipped Bellanca monoplane on February 5. May discovered that Johnson had crossed the Richardson Mountains when the airplane saw his tracks on the far side of the range. On February 14, he discovered the tactics Johnson had been using to elude his followers. He noticed a set of footprints leading off the centre of the frozen surface of the Eagle River to the bank. Johnson had been following the caribou tracks in the middle of the river where they walked in order to give them better visibility of approaching predators. Walking in their tracks had hidden his footprints and allowed him to travel quickly on the compacted snow without having to use his snowshoes. He left the trail only at night to make camp on the river bank, which is the track May had spotted. May radioed back his findings and the RCMP gave chase up the river, eventually being directed to Johnson by February 17.

Death
The pursuit team rounded a bend in the river to find Johnson only a few hundred yards ahead, standing in front of them. Johnson attempted to run for the bank but was not wearing his snowshoes and could not make it. A firefight broke out in which RCMP Constable Alfred King was seriously wounded and Johnson was killed after being shot in the left side of the pelvis at an acute angle. It is believed that the bullet passed through vital tissues, bowels, and main arteries, which led to his death. May landed the plane, picked up the injured officer and flew him to help for which he was credited with saving his life.

After Johnson's death, RCMP officials realized that he had travelled over 137 km away from his cabin in 33 days, burning approximately 42 MJ (10,000 kcal) a day in the cold weather and hostile terrain. Seventy-five years later in 2007, forensics teams found that his tailbone was not actually symmetrical, causing his spine to curve left and right slightly. In addition, one foot was longer than the other. An examination of Johnson's body yielded over $2,000 in both American and Canadian currency as well as some gold, a pocket compass, a razor, a knife, fish hooks, nails, a dead squirrel, a dead bird, a large quantity of Beecham's Pills and teeth with gold fillings that were believed to be his. During the entire chase, the Mounties had never heard Johnson utter a single word. The only thing they heard was Johnson's laugh after he shot Constable Edgar Millen. To this day people debate who he was, why he moved to the Arctic, or if he was actually responsible for interfering with the trap lines as alleged.

Identity
The RCMP sent a series of photographs throughout Canada and the United States in an unsuccessful effort to learn his real identity, which has never been definitively established.

In the 1930s, the initial investigation about the identity of Albert Johnson primarily focused on an obscure individual named Arthur Nelson. Details of Nelson's life were recorded by Yukon researcher and author Richard North. Nelson apparently travelled from Dease Lake, British Columbia, up into the Yukon in the 1927 to 1931 period. He had similar guns (a Savage Model 99, a .30-30 Winchester calibre lever action rifle, a sawn-off Iver-Johnson 16 gauge shotgun and a sawn-off Winchester Model 58 .22 Long Rifle) as Albert Johnson. Nelson was also remembered by Kaska Dena elders Art John Sr. and others who knew him by the alias "Mickey Nelson" when he trapped and prospected in the Ross River region in west-central Yukon.

North's 1989 book Trackdown put forward his theory that Albert Johnson, Arthur Nelson, and a North Dakota repeat criminal by the name of John Johnson were one and the same person. John Johnson did time in San Quentin Prison and Folsom Prison, and his physical description is well documented and similar to the Mad Trapper's. North traced John Johnson's identity back to Norway. "Johnny Johnson" was born Johan Konrad Jonsen (1898) in Bardu Municipality in Norway, north of the Arctic Circle. However, the Mad Trapper's expensive dental work were not likely to belong to the criminal Johnson. Also, DNA tests involving John Johnson's great-nephew Ole Getz disproved that Johnny Johnson and the Mad Trapper were the same people.

The Johnston family of Pictou, Nova Scotia have long believed that Albert Johnson is actually Owen Albert Johnston, a relative who had left Pictou at the beginning of the Great Depression to find work in the United States. The family's last letter from Johnston was posted from Revelstoke, British Columbia early in 1931. They never heard from him again. According to a 2009 radio interview a relative was arranging for DNA tests.

Previous theories were challenged with the release of Mark Fremmerlid's book What Became of Sigvald Anyway. He proposed too many coincidences to ignore the possibility of Sigvald Pedersen Haaskjold from Norway emerging as Albert Johnson. Sigvald was last known as a highly self-sufficient 32-year-old in 1927, $4 1/2$ years before the chase and death of Albert Johnson, who was estimated between 35 and 40 years. Sigvald had become obsessed with the notion that the authorities were still looking for him after evading conscription during the First World War. He had built a fortress-like cabin on Digby Island on the north coast of B.C. before disappearing. This author points out circumstantial evidence for this case.

In August 2007, a forensic team assembled by Myth Merchant Films located and exhumed Johnson's grave near the cemetery in Aklavik, then conducted a modern forensic examination on his remains; these were documented in the documentary film The Hunt for the Mad Trapper and the book The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery by Barbara Smith.

This team found that isotopic analysis of his teeth suggested he may have grown up in Scandinavia or the U.S. Midwest, that he had scoliosis which would have led to chronic back pain, that he was approximately 35 years of age, and that he had been struck multiple times in his final gun battle including his leg, thorax and a debilitating shot from behind through his pelvis. A spiral fracture of his femur supports the anecdote that a bullet had hit and exploded an ammunition pouch on his hip. His dental work was of very high quality for the time suggesting he was able to afford expensive state-of-the-art work at a major centre such as Chicago or New York. DNA samples were also obtained for comparison work.

After the examination his remains were re-interred with full religious rites by both the local priest and native elders, something that had not been afforded to him at his original burial.

While many people had offered convincing circumstantial and anecdotal evidence that they were related to him, the DNA analysis ruled out all of the candidates and his identity remains a mystery.

In 2017, it was decided to attempt a familial DNA investigation; however, technical problems with the DNA eluded analysis until an adequate sequence was developed by Othram Inc. in 2021. Further investigation by Othram traced his ancestors to Sweden, linking him to multiple descendants of Gustaf Magnusson (1776–1853) and Britta Svensdotter (1781–1846), suggesting that he was either their descendant or the descendant of one of their close relatives. Many of his genetic matches traced their ancestry to the Swedish towns of Hånger, Kävsjö and Kulltorp. , further DNA samples and family history were being sought from possible descendants to further the investigation.

Films and music

 * In August 2007, Myth Merchant Films produced a documentary of the exhumation of Johnson's grave and the subsequent modern forensic examination seeking information about his identity. The documentary was released in 2009.
 * The event is the subject of the songs "The Capture of Albert Johnson," by Wilf Carter, and "The Mad Trapper of Rat River", by Stanley G. Triggs on his 1961 album Bunkhouse and Forecastle Songs of the North West (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings).
 * "Rat River Trapper", written and performed by Doug Hutton, was released on the 1974 RCMP tribute album Scarlet and Gold (Denali Records Ltd.).
 * The Mad Trapper, a highly fictionalized film based on these events, was released in 1972, and in 1975 Challenge to Be Free was released. An American production, it relocated the events to Alaska and referred to Johnson's character merely as "Trapper", or in the theme song, "Trapper Man". It portrayed Johnson as a man who lived in peace and harmony with wild animals, similar to Johnny Appleseed and whose initial interference with other traps was due to rival trappers' inhumane techniques.
 * Another highly fictionalized version of Johnson's story is Charles Bronson's 1981 movie Death Hunt. The film portrays Johnson as a sympathetic character with freedom-loving values and places Edgar Millen (Lee Marvin) in the role of the antagonist, making him out to be an alcoholic with few scruples who leads the manhunt to capture Johnson rather than being shot and killed by him. Furthermore, bush pilot Wop May is represented as a Royal Canadian Air Force captain, Hank Tucker, who is shot down and killed by the posse after Tucker wildly shoots up members of the posse.

Books

 * Rudy Wiebe, The Mad Trapper, 1980, Jackpine House Ltd., 186 pages, ISBN 0-88995-268-X
 * Thomas York, Trapper, 1981, Avon Books, 476 pages, ISBN 0-380-63156-3
 * The Death of Albert Johnson Mad Trapper of Rat River, 1986, Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd., 94 pages, ISBN 0-919214-16-9
 * Dick North, The Mad Trapper of Rat River, 2003, The Lyons Press, 338 pages, ISBN 1-59228-771-9
 * Hélèna Katz, The Mad Trapper, 2004, Altitude Publishing Canada Ltd., 133 pages, ISBN 1-55153-787-7
 * Dick North, The Man Who Didn't Fit In, 2005, The Lyons Press, 259 pages, ISBN 1-59228-838-3
 * Barbara Smith, The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery, 2009, Heritage House Publishing Co., 160 pages, ISBN 1-894974-53-0
 * Mark Fremmerlid, What Became of Sigvald Anyway? Was He The Mad Trapper of Rat River? 66 pages, ISBN 978-0-9784270-0-9
 * Thomas P. Kelley, Rat River Trapper, 1972, Paper Jacks, 141 pages, ISBN 0-7737-7004-6
 * Dick North, Trackdown, 1989, Macmillan of Canada, 202 pages, ISBN 0-7715-9209-4

title: Albert Johnson (criminal)