text:
Talk:Copycat suicide

Inclusion of WHO Guidelines
The guidelines from the WHO are really POV, so I've removed them. Wikipedia should not give people advice on how to prevent suicide. Guanaco 03:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Why do you say that? Wikipedia gives guidelines on how to treat people who are suicidal. It gives guidelines on how to manage all sorts of issues. These are guidelines which, should the journalist chose to use them, will lead to fewer copycat suicides. What is POV about that? --CloudSurfer 04:06, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * There are varying opinions on these issues, such as the view that the news media should report the whole truth, the view that suicide is a human right, and the anti-psychiatry movement. It is not Wikipedia's job to prevent suicides. We are not the WHO; we report objectively. Guanaco 04:43, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I have taken the essence of the issue and put it in the article. I believe it is NPOV. See what you think. If it needs further balance then please add that rather than taking away what is there. --CloudSurfer 05:03, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I am happy to remove the stuff below from the talk page or it will clutter up the page. Should it be archived? --CloudSurfer 05:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Below is what I would like to include. It could be changed to make it NPOV if there is concern about the language, however, this is in general an attitude held by the media and the public once they know the facts about suicide contagion.

History
The nature of copycat suicides suggests that it is a phenomenon that must have been with us since the development of civilization. One of the earliest known associations between the media and suicide arose from Goethe’s novel Die Leiden des jungen Werther (The Sorrows of Young Werther), published in 1774. In that work the hero shoots himself after an ill-fated love, and shortly after its publication there were many reports of young men using the same method to commit suicide. This resulted in a ban of the book in several places. Hence the term "Werther effect", used in the technical literature to designate copycat suicides.

Guidelines for suicide reporting
The following guidelines are from the World Health Organization.1

How to report on suicide in general
Specific issues that need to be addressed when reporting on suicide include the following:
 * Statistics should be interpreted carefully and correctly;
 * Authentic and reliable sources should be used;
 * Impromptu comments should be handled carefully in spite of time pressures;
 * Generalizations based on small figures require particular attention, and expressions such as "suicide epidemic" or "the place with the highest suicide rate in the world" should be avoided;
 * Reporting suicidal behaviour as an understandable response to social or cultural changes or degradation should be resisted.

How to report on a specific suicide
The following points should be borne in mind:
 * Sensational coverage of suicides should be assiduously avoided, particularly when a celebrity is involved. The coverage should be minimized to the extent possible. Any mental health problem the celebrity may have had should also be acknowledged. Every effort should be made to avoid overstatement. Photographs of the deceased, of the method used and of the scene of the suicide are to be avoided. Front page headlines are never the ideal location for suicide reports.
 * Detailed descriptions of the method used and how the method was procured should be avoided. Research has shown that media coverage of suicide has a greater impact on the method of suicide adopted than the frequency of suicides. Certain locations - bridges, cliffs, tall buildings, railways, etc. - are traditionally associated with suicide and added publicity increases the risk that more people will use them.
 * Suicide should not be reported as unexplainable or in a simplistic way. Suicide is never the result of a single factor or event. It is usually caused by a complex interaction of many factors such as mental and physical illness, substance abuse, family disturbances, interpersonal conflicts and life stressors. Acknowledging that a variety of factors contributes to suicide would be helpful. Suicide should not be depicted as a method of coping with personal problems such as bankruptcy, failure to pass an examination, or sexual abuse.
 * Reports should take account of the impact of suicide on families and other survivors in terms of both stigma and psychological suffering.
 * Glorifying suicide victims as martyrs and objects of public adulation may suggest to susceptible persons that their society honours suicidal behaviour. Instead, the emphasis should be on mourning the person’s death.
 * Describing the physical consequences of non-fatal suicide attempts (brain damage, paralysis, etc.) can act as a deterrent.

Providing information on help available
Media can play a proactive role in helping to prevent suicide by publishing the following information along with news on suicide:
 * Listing available mental health services and helplines with their up-to-date telephone numbers and addresses;
 * Publicizing the warning signs of suicidal behaviour;
 * Conveying the message that depression is often associated with suicidal behaviour and that depression is a treatable condition;
 * Offering a message of sympathy to the survivors in their hour of grief and providing telephone numbers of support groups for survivors, if available. This increases the likelihood of intervention by mental health professionals, friends and family in suicidal crises.

Rename page?
Do you guys think either 'Suicide and the media' or 'Suicide contagion' is a better title? It's a broader subject and more could probably be added in that form. Thoughts? Gflores Talk 17:10, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I agree. Naming this article "copycat suicide" and then mentioning things like the regulations on reporting on suicides in various countries implies that those regulations exist because of or are influenced by a fear of copycat suicides. --80.212.65.83 (talk) 00:57, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

Agreed. I think "Suicide Contagion" is a better title. 174.112.216.70 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 16:43, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Brazil
In Brazil, the suicides are mentioned in press (but not how they happen)

Norway
There used to be a ban on mentioning suicides in the press, but not anymore. There have been a fair amount of suicides reported in recent times. But 70 years ago Aftenposten(a big Norwegian newspaper) got stoned after writing that a ice skating champion had killed himself. But it's not like that anymore.

- You're probably right about that. There's been quite a few high profile suicides mentioned in the press lately. My issue with this article is the title. It's misguiding to write about things like the previous Norwegian ban on reporting suicides if you cannot find a reason to connect it to copycat suicides, otherwise it implies that the reason the ban existed in Norway was fear of copycat suicides (which is highly improbable). --80.212.65.83 (talk) 00:55, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

The self-regulating guidelines of the Norwegian press, Vær Varsom-plakaten, says: "4.9. Vær varsom ved omtale av selvmord og selvmordsforsøk. Unngå omtale som ikke er nødvendig for å oppfylle allmenne informasjonsbehov. Unngå beskrivelse av metode eller andre forhold som kan bidra til å utløse flere selvmordshandlinger." So, it does not say what the article says, but it explicitly mentions the concern of copycat suicide.84.202.159.225 (talk) 10:45, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

References fixing
I fixed the references so they now use proper citation templates.

What was numbered 5 is not used in the article itself, and the URL itself leads to 404 page so I removed that. Here's the references so someone can re-add it if working URL can be found:
 * Mindframe national media initiative Australian Government - Department of health and ageing

The second problem is improper citation. Old number 7 cited "Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders" but gave ISBN for "Abnormal Psychology with MindMap II CD-ROM and PowerWeb". Since only the second book had coauthors I changed the title and left the ISBN intact. If it is in fact the other book the right citation source, then someone should change the ISBN, remove coauthor and change date of publication to January 2007. Shinhan 15:21, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

About recent studies
The article should contain a recent study in Journal of Clinical Psychiatry about the direct influence to people of suicide tendency from improperly handled suicide news reports. Researches before only proves the indirect influence, but this proves both direct and indirect effect. --RekishiEJ (talk) 07:54, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Rework History Section?
Is it really proper to lift an entire paragraph from the WHO report and use it as the "History" section? The whole thing is literally copy-pasted. Kilamanjaroface (talk) 16:02, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

So-called "suicide contagion" is not a universally-accepted concept, but this entry fails to communicate that fact. See Dr. Thomas E. Joiner, Jr's monograph @ http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182569 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.173.137.35 (talk) 16:47, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Factors in Suicide Reporting - Mohamed Bouazizi??
I'm a bit confused what the story about the Tunisian street vendor who's suicide triggered the Tunisian Revolution (and perhaps the entire Arab Spring) is doing in this article on Copycat Suicide, and especially in the section on Factors in Suicide Reporting. Yes, his suicide may have triggered copycat suicides, but the paragraph about him hardly mentions that. It certainly doesn't belong in this section. A new section on Copycat Suicides and Political Protest would work better, it could incorporate some of the related cases (Buddhist monks in Vietnam and, I believe, modern-day China, anti-Communist protesters, etc). Then again, that would probably be redundant with the article on self-immolation. Unless someone wants to make the case otherwise, I am inclined to simply delete the paragraph. Macfrugal (talk) 10:31, 22 April 2012 (CTZ)

Having heard no argument to the contrary, I made the deletion I proposed. Macfrugal (talk) 11:08, 6 May 2012 (CTZ)

Tibet
There have been a lot of self-immolations in Tibet in protest of Chinese "occupation", which may be of relevance to this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.31.166 (talk) 03:42, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

Marilyn Monroe
"Marilyn Monroe, whose death was followed by an increase of 200 more suicides than average for that August month.[2]" Can someone explain to me what this means, or remove it? "200 more suicides" where? In the US? I would think there are closer to 200 suicides per DAY in the US, and I can't see how 200 extra over a whole month would be statistically significant.106.188.10.222 (talk) 10:52, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.mediawise.org.uk/files/uploaded/Covering%20Suicide%20Worldwide.pdf
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041103193428/http://www.presscouncil.org.au/pcsite/apcnews/feb98/suicide.html to http://www.presscouncil.org.au/pcsite/apcnews/feb98/suicide.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051125212917/http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/0/a72dcd5037cfe4c3cc256bb5000341e9?OpenDocument to http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/0/a72dcd5037cfe4c3cc256bb5000341e9?OpenDocument
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050317143516/http://csrp.hku.hk/WEB/big5/pageHandler.asp?id=70 to http://csrp.hku.hk/WEB/big5/pageHandler.asp?id=70

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Requested move 9 March 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move as proposed; proposals to draft a separate article under the title (currently a redirect to ) can be pursued by anyone. (non-admin closure)  Ben · Salvidrim!   ✉  12:12, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Copycat suicide → Suicide contagion – Suicide contagion is somewhat broader, since a suicide can be regarded as a copycat one only if the why and how of it is similar or identical to another suicide, however if a suicide is triggered by another, then the term suicide contagion can be applied, in spite of the fact that the why or how of the former may be dissimilar to the latter. RekishiEJ (talk) 15:59, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose - Current title seems to be WP:COMMONNAME for the main topic of the article, where the proposed title seems to be a slightly different but related topic. I don't see how the article would benefit. -- Netoholic @ 20:35, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The proposed new name has more Google results (but Werther effects has more ones, yet this term is a misnomer because Rüdiger Safranski dismisses the Werther Effect 'as only a persistent rumor'), and the article currently does mention suicide contagion.--RekishiEJ (talk) 15:46, 10 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:33, 11 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Just google "copycat suicide" & "suicide contagion" and you'll know that I'm right.--RekishiEJ (talk) 14:22, 13 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment. As these are slightly different topics, I would propose just making a separate article on Suicide contagion and limiting the respective articles to their topics. BD2412  T 15:09, 19 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment: searching Google Scholar for "suicide contagion"+"copycat" and "suicide contagion"+"Werther effect" yields some sources that use the terms synonymously, e.g., and others that define suicide contagion more broadly, e.g. . I suspect the reason the article exists under this name is that copycat suicide is the more catchy term. It might be good to draft a separate Suicide contagion article so we can better see how the topics fit together. —Sangdeboeuf (talk) 18:57, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Not comprehensive enough
This article currently lacks info about the role of social media in suicide contagion. Hope that suicidologists can exploit published studies (e.g. ) so that it can be added to the article.--RekishiEJ (talk) 11:19, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 9 May 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) C LYDE TALK TO ME/STUFF DONE (please mention me on reply) 16:59, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Copycat suicide → Suicide cluster – "Suicide cluster" is both more WP:COMMON and more inclusive than the current title, and I believe is also more inclusive of the topic of Suicide contagion as well. This would also be more aligned with recent epidemiological literature such as disease cluster, cancer cluster etc. Pharos (talk) 16:33, 9 May 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose This narrows the scope of the article, making it no longer potentially about a single incident. More justification is needed for this change. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 22:34, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose "Copycat suicide" is common and unambiguous to most readers. No evidence provided that "suicide cluster" is common name, or that it even applies to this article. It seems like an artificial academic term that would be unrecognizable to most readers. Walrasiad (talk) 23:46, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Copycat suicide


text: File:The Doobie Brothers - Sibling Rivalry.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Firearm laws

title: Category:Firearm laws


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Darryl McDaniels

Darryl Matthews McDaniels (born May 31, 1964), also commonly known by his stage name DMC (or D.M.C.), is an American rapper. He is a founding member of the hip hop group Run-DMC, and is considered one of the pioneers of hip hop culture.

Early life
McDaniels grew up in the New York City neighborhood of Hollis, Queens. He was born to an unwed mother who surrendered him to the New York Foundling home. He was a ward of the Foundling, in foster care, until placed with the McDaniels when he was one month old and eventually adopted by them. They raised him as a Catholic, and he attended St. Pascal Baylon Elementary School. He later attended Rice High School in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. He subsequently attended St. John's University in Queens, New York City.

McDaniels listened to rock music and folk music in his youth, and he first became interested in hip hop music in the 1970s after listening to recordings of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. In 1978, McDaniels taught himself to DJ in the basement of his parents' home, using turntables and a mixer that he bought with his older brother, Alford, after having a comic book sale in their neighborhood. During this period he adopted the stage name Grandmaster Get High.

Career
Later that year, McDaniels sold his DJ equipment, after his friend Joseph "Run" Simmons acquired his own turntables and mixer. After Jam Master Jay – who had a reputation as the best young DJ in Hollis – joined the group, Run encouraged McDaniels to rap rather than DJ. Gradually, McDaniels came to prefer rapping to mixing records, and adopted the nickname of "Easy D". In 1981, he dropped the "Easy D" moniker in favor of "DMcD", the way he signed his work in school, and then to the shorter "D.M.C." This new nickname alternately stood for "Devastating Mic Control" or "Darryl Mac", his nickname since childhood as referenced in the lyrics of the song "King of Rock".

In 1984, the trio released their self-titled debut album and became very successful in the hip-hop industry. The group's success continued to grow and reached its peak with their third album Raising Hell. The album went to No. 6 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, making Run-D.M.C. the most popular hip-hop group at the time. During this time, McDaniels began to build a reputation as a heavy drinker. He was known to drink up to eight 40-ounce bottles of malt liquor a day and was arrested twice for public intoxication and driving while intoxicated. In 1987 Run-D.M.C. wrote "Christmas in Hollis" for A Very Special Christmas. The music video for "Christmas in Hollis" was shot in Hollis, Queens. Run-D.M.C. filmed the video during their 1987 tour. DMC's mother made a guest appearance in the video.

In 1997, McDaniels began to develop a deep depression. He became extremely unhappy with the rigorous routine of touring and performing, and with being away from his wife and newborn son. He began to rely heavily on prescription drugs and alcohol to ease the pain. While on tour, McDaniels noticed his voice was giving out. He was later diagnosed with spasmodic dysphonia, a vocal disorder which causes involuntary spasms of the larynx muscles. He believes it was caused by the aggressive way in which he performs his lyrics compounded with the years of heavy drinking.

Meanwhile, McDaniels began to have creative differences with his bandmates in Run-D.M.C., which by then, was well past its prime as a commercially successful hip-hop group. A longtime fan of artists such as The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Harry Chapin, McDaniels wanted to move towards a slower, softer sound which suited his now troubled voice. Run wanted to continue with the aggressive, hard rock-edged, sound that the group was known for. These disagreements caused McDaniels to sit out most of the recording of Crown Royal (2001). He appeared on only three songs.

Feeling depressed and suicidal, McDaniels heard Sarah McLachlan's song "Angel" (1997) on the radio. The song touched McDaniels so deeply that it inspired him to reassess his life and career. He credits McLachlan and her album Surfacing (on which "Angel" appeared) with saving his life. With a new outlook on life, McDaniels decided to write his autobiography. While researching his early years, his mother, Bannah, revealed a shocking secret: Darryl had been placed for adoption when he was three months old. According to Bannah, his birth mother was a woman of Dominican descent named Bernada Lovelace. He also learned that he was born in Harlem, Manhattan, not Hollis, Queens, as he had always believed. Even as a child, McDaniels knew he did not look like the rest of his family, and with the revelation, he finally understood why. The news inspired him to search for his birth mother. He began working with the VH1 network on a documentary chronicling his quest. His autobiography, King of Rock: Respect, Responsibility, and My Life with Run-DMC, was released in January 2001.

In February 2006, VH1 premiered the documentary, DMC: My Adoption Journey. The program ends with McDaniels reuniting with his birth mother, who turned out to be named Berncenia and despite previous beliefs, was not, in fact, of Dominican descent. He thanks her for her choice because had he not been placed for adoption, Run-D.M.C. would have never existed. In March 2006, McDaniels released his solo album, Checks Thugs and Rock N Roll. Produced and Music Directed by Romeo Antonio. The first single, "Just Like Me", features an interpolation of Harry Chapin's "Cat's in the Cradle" (1974) performed by McDaniels' musical savior, Sarah McLachlan. During a recording session, McLachlan revealed to McDaniels that she, too, had been adopted.

McDaniels also collaborated with Adoptee Zara Philips on "I'm Legit." He testified before the New Jersey State Legislature in support of legislation to restore adopted adults' access to their original birth certificates. The legislation McDaniels supported was signed by Governor Chris Christie and became effective on January 1, 2017. As a New York-born adoptee, however, McDaniels did not have access to his own original birth record; he hired a private investigator to help find his birth family in New York.

McDaniels had written the first draft of his autobiography before learning he was adopted and was working on a second solo album, working titled The Next Level. Three tracks off the new album have been released ("Next Level", "Hip Hop", and "Beef Eater") and can be heard on his Myspace page.

In June 2007, McDaniels joined Aerosmith on stage at the Hard Rock Calling festival in London, England to perform "Walk This Way".

McDaniels is featured in the video game Guitar Hero: Aerosmith (2008) singing Run-D.M.C.'s singles "King of Rock" and "Walk This Way". He is also an unlockable guitarist in the game. In the game's trailer, it is revealed that McDaniels' son plays Guitar Hero for hours each day.

In 2009, McDaniels performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's nonfiction book A People's History of the United States (1980).

McDaniels' second solo album, the more rock oriented The Origins Of Block Music, was due out in mid-2010 but was delayed. In December 2010, McDaniels appeared with Talib Kweli, Mix Master Mike, and Ahmet Zappa on a cover of Frank Zappa's "Willie the Pimp" for The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAA Birthday Bundle 2010.

In 2011, McDaniels joined forces with producer Wade Martin to open the record label IME Records.

In 2014, McDaniels ventured into the comics industry with his own publishing imprint, Darryl Makes Comics. McDaniels explains his lifelong love of the medium thus: Growing up a mild-mannered, Catholic school kid, all I did was go to school and read comic books. I was strictly a Marvel Comics head; Avengers, Iron Man, Captain America, The Hulk, Iron Fist, you name it. I loved Marvel because it was the city; it was all New York. The same backdrop I was living in in this universe was in the Marvel Universe. Comics did for me what hip hop did for me as I got older; it empowered me, inspired me and educated me. I learned about Nazis, space exploration, everything from comics. Darryl Makes Comics' first book is DMC, a 90-page anthology graphic novel set in 1985 that features McDaniels as a superhero who confronts both criminals and other superheroes whose recklessness threatens innocent lives. The comic's version of DMC wears McDaniels' signature Adidas sneakers, fedora and rope chain, along with an elongated turtleneck that masks his face. The book is written by McDaniels and Damion Scott, and edited by Darryl Makes Comics' Editor-in-Chief, Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez and Senior Editor Rigo "Riggs" Morales. Each chapter in the anthology is illustrated by a different artist, because, as McDaniels explained, "If DMC was really running around and bumped into four different people, they'd have four different descriptions of what he was like. We wanted each artist's work to relate to each character's view of DMC. If you saw him, you might say, "He came out of a spaceship and had all these things flying around him!" But then another dude is like, "No! He had a sword and shield!" We thought, if so many people saw something different in DMC, we'd have to have different artwork to represent their opinions on him or their interpretation on him." In addition, graffiti writers such as MARE 139 were hired to give the shots of 1985 New York City graffiti a sense of authenticity. The book features an introduction by Greg Pak, a cover by Sal Buscema and Bob Wiacek and interior pinups by Carlos Pacheco, Chris Burnham, ChrisCross, Dexter Vines, and Shelby Robertson, some of which are homages to iconic comics covers that influenced the creative staff as children. DMC debuted at the New York Comic Con October 9–12, and was subsequently released in comics shops October 29. The book received a four out of five stars rating by Tony Guerrero of Comic Vine, who lauded the charm and authenticity of the art.

As of January 2015, McDaniels was working with the band Generation Kill on a project, DMC Generation Kill, to be produced by former Guns N' Roses guitarist Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal.

On the December 17, 2016 Christmas episode of Saturday Night Live, DMC made a cameo appearance during a parody of Run DMC's "Christmas in Hollis." During the sketch he was portrayed by musical guest Chance the Rapper.

On February 17, 2016, heavy metal band Solus Deus released their EP titled The Plague. The song titled "Anacrime" features DMC on guest vocals.

Starting in 2017 and continuing on an ongoing basis, DMC has joined the rock cover supergroup Royal Machines as a guest at their occasional concerts. Joining a revolving cast of celebrities in each lineup, including Dave Navarro, Billy Morrison, Sebastian Bach, Macy Gray, Fred Durst, DMC has performed covers of songs such as "Walk This Way", "Sweet Emotion", and "Black Betty" with the band.

On September 15, 2017, Italian rapper Caparezza released his studio album, Prisoner 709, which includes the track "Forever Jung" that features DMC on guest vocals. American rapper DeLiverance's 2018 single "Slave To The Rhythm" also features DMC on guest vocals.

On August 13, 2018, DMC performed an encore with O.A.R., playing "Walk This Way".

In February 2021, McDaniels released a song and animated video, "Let's All Get the Vaccine," to encourage the COVID-19 vaccination.

In January 2022, McDaniels released his picture book, Darryl's Dream, published by Random House.

In January 2024, McDaniels released a cookie brand DMC Cookies. In June 2024 a music video for Fantastic Cat's "So Glad You Made It" features McDaniels acting in the role of a music producer.

Charity work
The Felix Organization

In 2006, McDaniels and Sheila Jaffe, a fellow adoptee and Emmy award-winning casting director, co-founded The Felix Organization.

Since its inception, The Felix Organization has served more than 10,000 children in the foster care system. Its flagship program, Camp Felix, is an annual sleepaway summer camp in Putnam Valley, New York. Additionally, The Felix Organization sponsors two teen camps on the East Coast. Camp Felix West is for Los Angeles-based youth in foster care.

Other charity work

In September 2006, McDaniels received the Congressional Angels in Adoption award for his work with children in foster care and promotion of adoption. He sits on the Board of Directors of Children's Rights, a national watchdog organization that reforms failing child welfare systems.

Personal life
McDaniels has been a resident of Wayne, New Jersey.

McDaniels has openly discussed his history of alcoholism and drug abuse. He has been very frank about his battles with depression, including an appearance on Live From the Barrage, speaking at length about it. He also has written pieces in Men's Health and BlackDoctor, where he talked about his memoir, Ten Ways Not to Commit Suicide (Amistad, 2017).

Discography
With Run-D.M.C.

 * Run-D.M.C. (1984)
 * King of Rock (1985)
 * Raising Hell (1986)
 * Tougher Than Leather (1988)
 * Back from Hell (1990)
 * Down with the King (1993)
 * Crown Royal (2001)

Solo
 * Checks Thugs and Rock n Roll (2006)
 * Back from the Dead EP (2017)

With Fragile Mortals
 * The Dark Project (2016)

Video game appearances

 * The Warriors – Scopes
 * Guitar Hero: Aerosmith – Himself

title: Darryl McDaniels


text:
Sibling Rivalry (The Doobie Brothers album)

Sibling Rivalry is the twelfth studio album by American rock band The Doobie Brothers. The album was released on October 3, 2000, by Pyramid Records and Rhino Entertainment.

The album was the band's first studio recording since Brotherhood, in 1991. It was also the only Doobie Brothers studio album to feature a lead vocal by multi-instrumentalist John McFee and full lead vocals by drummer Keith Knudsen, both of whom had rejoined the group in 1993 after an eleven-year absence.

The group photograph in the inner booklet featured touring sidesmen Guy Allison (keyboards, backing vocals), Marc Russo (saxophone) and Skylark (bass, backing vocals). Allison and Russo also featured on the album, the former co-writing three tracks while occasional touring bassist John Cowan also featured and contributed the song Can't Stand to Lose written with Poco's Rusty Young.

Critical reception
The New Rolling Stone Album Guide wrote that the band were "struggling vainly to put their formula to work again ... [Michael] McDonald wisely stayed far away." The Vancouver Sun deemed the album "vintage soft rock, but not an entirely painful experience."

Personnel
The Doobie Brothers
 * Tom Johnston – guitars, vocals
 * Patrick Simmons – guitars, banjo, vocals
 * John McFee – guitars, dobro, pedal steel guitar, harmonica, violin, mandolin, vocals
 * Keith Knudsen – drums, percussion, vocals
 * Michael Hossack – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 * Guy Allison – keyboards, background vocals
 * Mario Cippolina - bass on 1 & 9
 * John Cowan - bass on 2
 * George Hawkins Jr - bass on 5, 10 & 12
 * Bob Bangerter - acoustic rhythm guitar on 3 & 11
 * Marc Russo – horn, saxophone
 * Chris Thompson - backing vocals on 5, 10 & 12
 * Maxayn Lewis – background vocals on 4 & 9
 * Yvonne Williams – background vocals on 4 & 9
 * Bill Champlin - background vocals on 5 & 9
 * Cris Sommer-Simmons - background vocals on 11
 * Lil' Patrick Harley Simmons - background vocals on 11

Production

 * Producers: Guy Allison, Terry Nelson, The Doobie Brothers
 * Production coordination: Terry Nelson
 * Engineers: Guy Allison, John McFee, Lynn Peterson, Dave Russell, Terry Nelson
 * Assistant engineer: Steve Genewick
 * Mixing: Steve Genewick, Joe Peccerillo, Elliot Scheiner
 * Mastering: Ted Jensen
 * Recorder: Terry Nelson
 * House sound: Terry Nelson
 * Arranger: Guy Allison
 * Creative consultant: Josh Leo
 * Cover art: Stanley Mouse
 * Art Director: Michael A. Beck


text:
Joseph Simmons

Joseph Ward Simmons (born November 14, 1964), better known by the stage name Run, Rev. Run or DJ Run, is an American rapper, producer, DJ and television personality. Simmons is one of the founding members of the influential hip hop group Run-DMC. He is also a practicing minister, known as Reverend Run.

He found new popularity in 2005 with his family's MTV reality show Run's House.

Early life
Simmons was born November 14, 1964, in Hollis, Queens, New York. He is the younger brother of artist Danny Simmons and Russell Simmons, the co-founder of Def Jam records.

Career
Before Run–D.M.C., Simmons was the lead vocalist in the hip-hop group named "The Force". He founded Run-D.M.C. as a lead vocalist along with friend Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels and the late DJ Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell.

Run began using the stage name of "Rev. Run" after he was ordained as a Pentecostal minister by E. Bernard Jordan, Simmons's spiritual mentor. Jordan also named him "Protege of the Year Award" in 2004. The same day, symbolic of his "Prosperity Ministry", there was a "Rolls-Royce parade outside the Plaza Hotel in New York City, "featuring Jordan's Phantom Rolls-Royce. The new $325,000 Phantom had been a gift from Reverend Run as a "thank you" for Jordan's mentoring support.

His first work as Rev. Run was a feature in the single "Song 4 Lovers" by UK pop band Liberty X in September 2005. The music video for that song was directed by Bill Schacht for Aestheticom and reached broadcast airplay chart positions of No. 2 Box UK and No. 4 MTV UK with heavy rotation on 5 other music channels in the UK. "Song 4 Lovers" also reached No. 5 on the Official Charts Company's UK Top 40 Singles Chart, becoming the band's seventh top ten hit.

It was followed by his first solo album, Distortion. The first single from the album, "Mind on the Road", is featured in the EA Sports's Madden NFL 06 video game. "Mind on the Road" uses samples from the song "I Love Rock 'n' Roll", in the tradition of Run–D.M.C.'s 1980s hits which use samples like Aerosmith's hit "Walk This Way".

In 2002, he appeared on a special "Rap Stars" edition of The Weakest Link, and was the third one voted off.

Rev Run appeared on the MTV series Run's House, a reality show revolving around his everyday life with his family, from 2005 to 2009.

In 2007, he appeared with his son Diggy Simmons on My Super Sweet 16 while attending a 16th birthday party for Diddy's son, Quincy. Diddy is also the producer of Run's House.

In 2008, Simmons and his wife Justine teamed up with Kool-Aid and a non-profit organization called KaBOOM! to help build playgrounds in underserved communities. With Kool-Aid, they are helping to build twenty four playgrounds over the course of 2008 and hope to raise awareness for the need for safe play spaces.

On August 5, 2008, Gotham Press published Simmons' book, Take Back Your Family: A Challenge to America's Parents, co-authored by his wife, Justine Simmons, and Chris Morrow.

On September 8, 2007, Rev Run was honored as a BMI Icon at the annual BMI Urban Awards.

The weekend of September 17 and 18 of 2011, Rev Run made a special guest appearance at Bay Area Fellowship with Pastor Bil Cornelius in Corpus Christi, Texas Bay Area Fellowship Church.

In October 2011, Rev Run was a special guest of Fellowship Church based out of Grapevine, Texas.

Simmons has also created three other cable series, two premiered in 2014; Rev Run's Renovation which runs on both the DIY Network and HGTV, and Rev Run's Sunday Suppers for Cooking Channel, the other Rev Runs Around the World premiered on the Travel Channel in 2016.

Personal life
Simmons married Valerie Vaughn in 1983. They have three children: Vanessa Simmons, Angela Simmons, and Joseph "JoJo" Ward Simmons, Jr.

He married Justine Jones on June 25, 1994. With her, he had three more children: Daniel "Diggy" Simmons III, Russell "Russy" Simmons II, and Victoria Anne Simmons. Victoria was four pounds, five ounces when she was delivered via caesarean section. She died shortly after being born on September 26, 2006, due to omphalocele, a birth defect that caused her organs to grow outside her body. The Simmons' allowed MTV camera crews of Run's House to document baby Victoria's death, telling People that "God, in my mind, gave us something to go through in front of America, so we documented it on-camera – not so much to show you sadness, but to show you how we, as ministers, would handle this tragedy. [The kids] found out on-camera. Diggy was waiting to see, 'How's Mommy?' And the first words we said were, 'The baby didn't make it.'" Soon they adopted a baby girl, Miley Justine Simmons.

The Simmons family lives in Saddle River, New Jersey in a six-bedroom colonial-style home that was listed for sale in 2007 for $5.5 million.

In 2017, Simmons said he was adopting vegetarianism because God advised him to.

title: Joseph Simmons


text:
Talk:D.m.c.

There is now an acceptable (i.e. non-copyvio) replacement at Darryl McDaniels. Recommend redirect when copyvio removed. Whosyourjudas (talk) 04:02, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:D.m.c.


text:
Category:World Heritage Sites in Iran

 * World Heritage Sites in Iran.

title: Category:World Heritage Sites in Iran


text:
User talk:Devor

Hello, "Devor" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. -- Infrogmation 04:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

title: User talk:Devor


text:
Paul Adams

Paul Adams may refer to:

Academics

 * Paul L. Adams (academic) (1915–1984), president of Roberts Wesleyan College and candidate for Governor of New York
 * Paul Adams (scientist), British professor of neurobiology at Stony Brook University
 * Paul C. Adams, professor of geography at University of Texas at Austin

Politics

 * Paul Adams (Massachusetts politician), Massachusetts politician
 * Paul Adams (New Zealand politician) (born 1948), rally driver and former politician from New Zealand

Sports

 * Paul Adams (American football coach) (1936–2019), American football player and Hall of Fame high school coach
 * Paul Adams (center) (1919–1995), American football player and coach
 * Paul Adams (cricketer) (born 1977), South African cricketer
 * Paul Adams (coach) (1921–1986), American football, cross country running, and track and field coach
 * Paul Adams (sport shooter) (born 1992), Australian sport shooter
 * Paul Adams (umpire) (born 1949), English cricket umpire

Other

 * Paul Adams (journalist) (born 1961), English BBC television news correspondent
 * Paul Adams (musician) (born 1951), musician, writer, and musical instrument builder
 * Paul Adams (property developer) (born 1948/1949), New Zealand businessman and philanthropist
 * Paul D. Adams (1906–1987), U.S. Army general
 * Paul L. Adams (Michigan judge) (1908–1990), member of the Michigan Supreme Court
 * Paul Adams (pilot) (1922–2013), World War II pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen

title: Paul Adams


text:
Xiao Qian

Xiao Qian (27 January 1910 – 11 February 1999), alias Ruoping (若萍), was a famous essayist, editor, journalist and translator from China. His life spanned the country's history before and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

Early years
Xiao was born on 27 January 1910 in Beijing. His name at birth was Xiao Bingqian (蕭秉乾). He was born into a sinicized Mongol family. His father died before his birth, leaving only his mother to raise him. His mother died when he was seven, and he was sent to live with his cousins.

School days
In 1917, at the age of 7, Xiao entered the Chongshi School (崇实小学). It was a church school run by European missionaries. He took up part-time jobs to pay the tuition fees (e.g. weaving Turkish rugs, delivering milk and mimeographing lecture notes in the school administration office). He worked in the morning and studied in the afternoon. In summer 1924, about half a year before completing junior middle school, he worked as a trainee in Beixin Press bookstore. This sparked his interest in literature. In the same year he joined the Communist Youth League.

In 1931 Xiao enrolled at Fu Jen Catholic University. Together with an American youth William Allen he published a magazine in English China in Brief (中國簡報, Zhōngguó Jiǎnbào). It presented works of famous authors such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo, Wen Yiduo and Yu Dafu. Due to insufficient funding the magazine ended after eight issues, but it influenced the foreign readers in Beijing. In this period he became a student of Shen Congwen, who greatly influenced Xiao's early writings.

In 1933 Xiao entered the Faculty of English in Yenching University and in autumn of the same year he switched to the Faculty of Journalism. His teacher was an American journalist Edgar Snow. Snow encouraged him to use various literary techniques in journalistic reporting, which became characteristic to Xiao's writing. He graduated in June 1936 and continued the studies as a postgraduate student at Cambridge University. Soon after he became a lecturer at University College London.

Life in England
In 1939, at the age of 28, Xiao Qian returned to England to work as an instructor in modern Chinese language for the School of Oriential and African Studies (SOAS) in London. SOAS was moved to Cambridge when Germany began the devastating bombing campaign Blitz.

Xiao Qian was politically active and made regular speeches for the China Campaign Committee, a left-wing group which campaigned against the Japanese occupation in China.

Marriage and family
He married four times. In 1936 he met his first wife Wang Shucang while working on the Shanghai edition of the Ta Kung Pao. The couple only stayed together for two years before he fell in love with another woman during his stay in Hong Kong. They had an extramarital son born in 1948. Xiao tried to get a divorce, but Wang opposed it and as a result Xiao Qian left China for England.

In 1954, Xiao married his fourth wife, Wen Jieruo (文杰若). They had two sons and a daughter. On 30 January 1955 the daughter Xiao Lizi (萧荔子) was born.

Later years
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) Xiao Qian was regarded by the Chinese Communist Party as right wing and was banished to the countryside. In 1968 he tried to commit suicide. In 1978 he received a redress as one of the mishandled cases. In 1979 he was a resident in the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa.

In 1999 Xiao Qian died at the age of 89 of myocardial infarction and renal failure in Beijing.

Personal life
Xiao had a child named Xiao Tiezhu (萧铁柱) with Xie Gewen (谢格温).

Xiao married translator Wen Jieruo in the spring of 1954, the couple has two sons and a daughter. Their daughter Xiao Lizi (萧荔子) was born on 30 January 1955. Their son, Xiao Tong (萧桐), was born on November 10, 1956. All of her children are living in the United States.

Feature articles
Between the 1940s and the 1990s, Xiao wrote many famous articles. Many of his published feature reports are distinctive for their combination of news-accuracy and literary style of writing.

The early reports are considered of great historical value by the academic community in China and are currently in the care of the Chinese Literature Society. Most of Xiao's featured reports were based on first hand experience from the front line. He selected scenes that he believed would reflect society at that time. He also used contour drawing to vividly depict events, display emotions, and illustrate the story for the reader. His work acts like a camera, capturing moments of real life. Not only did his reports offer insights into the harsh realities of the time, they also reflected his deep sentiments toward his country and its people.

Wartime writings
The following books were written between 1939 and 1946 and reflected Xiao Qian's experience during the Second World War while he was living in the United Kingdom and Western Europe:

 * 1) Symphony of Contradictions
 * 2) Bloody September
 * 3) London under Silver Kites

These works were mostly concerned with the day-to-day life of ordinary English citizens. They contained an analysis or speculation about political and military matters. While he was impressed by the determination of the English to defeat Germany, he also observed their negative cultural traits.

Popular publications
As a journalist, he wrote a variety of publications. One of them is his book: xin bian wen shi biji cong shu (新编文史笔记丛书). The series contains 50 books, in which 6,000,000 words were written. These series were written between the 1980s and early 1990s. The books collected a range of anecdotes and highlights from over 2000 celebrities and researchers. The series became highly reputable and widely accepted when it was released. As the last volume of the series published in October 1994, another edition of the series were published in Hong Kong and Taiwan shortly after. The work was awarded the "Chinese Book Prize" in 1993.

Essays
In addition to his books Xiao also wrote several notable essays.

Though Xiao wrote no more than 20 essays, they played a very important role in the development of Chinese essay history. All his works were published under the name of "Tatamulin", an exiled Latvian merchant, between the years 1946 and 1948. His essays were satirical and often contained criticisms of contemporary political issues at that time.

His essays also include a considerable amount of poetry which express his strong feelings toward China at that time. The sole purpose of all his essays was to end the political dictatorship of the Kuomintang in China, and thus promote a peaceful, democratic Utopia. His magnum opus is "Long talk by red hair" (红毛长谈, hóngmáo chángtán). In the polarised political climate of that time in China, his two essays — "Ease, tolerance & personnel work" (放心, 容忍, 人事工作) and "Why do people's presses become the government offices?" (人民的出版社为甚么变成衙门) — caused him to be labelled a rightist in 1957.

Translations
Apart from his work as a journalist and a writer, Xiao also translated important works of European literature into Mandarin Chinese. He translated several books and plays by William Shakespeare, Stephen Leacock and Henrik Ibsen. These were widely published in mainland China and Taiwan.

In 1990, as invited by Nanjing YiLin Publication (南京译林出版社), he translated Ulysses by James Joyce into Mandarin, assisted by his wife Wen Jieruo, who was fluent in both English and Japanese. When the book was released in 1994, it became a surprise best-seller in China. Because of this, he received the Caihong Translation Prize (彩虹翻译奖) and the Best Foreign Literature Book-First Class (全国优秀外国文学图书一等奖).

As an author
Xiao views were shaped by the poverty and hardships of his childhood. He witnessed the suffering of the lower classes at first hand. His reports attempted to address the injustices and disparity in Chinese society.

Xiao strongly believed that the truth is what moves people, and his writings often encouraged his readers to come to their own conclusions. His writings Lu Xi Liu Ming Tu (鲁西流民图) and Lin Yan Fa Ru Yu (林炎发入狱) best illustrate his beliefs.

As a journalist
Xiao entered the field of journalism in April 1935. He first worked for Tianjin's Ta Kung Pao, where he published his early writings including his first novel, as an editor for "Literary Arts" (《文藝》版). In 1936, he moved to Shanghai to prepare for the publication of Shanghai's Takung Pao. Then in 1938, when full-scale war against the Japanese broke out in China, Xiao was offered a job by the Ta Kung Pao in Hong Kong to work as an editor and journalist.

Later in 1939, he traveled to London, and continued his job as a journalist for Ta Kung Pao until 1946. While the British took part in the Second World War, he gave up his place at the University of Cambridge in 1944, and became the only Chinese war correspondent in Western Europe.

As World War II came to an end, he produced a number of reportages such as "Symphony of Contradictions," "Bloody September" and "London under Silver Kites", which all reflected the (often harsh) reality during wartime. Thereafter, he worked for several newspaper companies such as the English version of People's China (人民中国).

While being a journalist in the World War II, Xiao entered Rhine with the 7th troop of the Allied Forces. When the Allied Forces entered Berlin, Xiao was one of the first journalists who entered the city. He attended and collected news from the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, which was one of the most significant conferences marking the end of the World War II.

In May 1945, Xiao gained fame after writing a piece of exclusive news about Vyacheslav Molotov inviting T. V. Soong to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance during his trip to San Francisco while reporting on the United Nations Conference. He was also involved in the reporting of the trials of Nazis in Nuremberg, Germany.

Literary friends
According to Xiao's autobiography, he met the English novelist E.M. Forster, on 9 May 1941 at the Tagore Memorial Meeting. The event was organized by the English PEN Club. The two became very close friends and often exchanged letters. They disagreed with each other over the issue of homosexuality (Xiao was opposed to legalization).

The friendship, however, did not last. Xiao, fearing for the safety of his family during the Cultural Revolution, destroyed all the letters he had received from Forster and asked Forster not to contact him again. Because Forster might have assumed that Xiao was ignoring him, he burned some of the letters he had kept as a memento of their friendship.

Bibliography (Translations)

 * Selected Master Pieces by Xiao Qian 萧乾作品精选 (ed. Wen Jieruo 文洁若) Beijing : Beijing Language and Culture University Press 北京语言大学出版社, 2001. 382 pages. ISBN 7-5619-0999-3. (Bilingual version with Chinese original and English translation: 《蚕》、《篱下》、《雨夕》、《破车上》、《雁荡行》、《血红的九月》、《矛盾交响曲》、《银风筝下的伦敦》等近二十篇文学作品. )

title: Xiao Qian


text:
List of polar explorers

This list is for recognised pioneering explorers of the polar regions. It does not include subsequent travelers and expeditions.

Polar explorers

 * Jameson Adams
 * Mark Agnew
 * Stian Aker
 * Valerian Albanov
 * Roald Amundsen
 * Salomon August Andrée
 * Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou
 * Henryk Arctowski
 * Josée Auclair
 * Mikhail Babushkin
 * Konstantin Badygin
 * Karl Baer
 * Georgiy Baidukov
 * Ann Bancroft
 * Willem Barents
 * Michael Barne
 * Robert Bartlett
 * Nikifor Begichev
 * Fabian von Bellingshausen
 * Robert M. Berry
 * Edward W. Bingham
 * Olav Bjaaland
 * Alfred Björling
 * Carsten Borchgrevink
 * Jon Bowermaster
 * Henry Robertson Bowers
 * Louise Arner Boyd
 * Edward Bransfield
 * Philip Brocklehurst
 * William Speirs Bruce
 * Georgy Brusilov
 * Daniel Byles
 * Richard Evelyn Byrd
 * Todd Carmichael
 * Umberto Cagni
 * Jacques Cartier
 * Jean-Baptiste Charcot
 * Semion Chelyuskin
 * Apsley Cherry-Garrard
 * Vasili Chichagov
 * Valery Chkalov
 * Jeremy Clarkson
 * George Comer
 * Sebastian Copeland
 * Frederick A. Cook
 * James Cook
 * Henry Cookson
 * Augustine Courtauld
 * Albert P. Crary
 * Tom Crean
 * Lars Christensen
 * Andrew Croft
 * Francis Crozier
 * Ann Daniels
 * Edgeworth David
 * Jason De Carteret
 * Edwin de Haven
 * George W. De Long
 * Nina Demme
 * Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski
 * Erich von Drygalski
 * George J. Dufek
 * Jules Dumont d'Urville
 * Lincoln Ellsworth
 * Edward Evans
 * Edgar Evans
 * Sir Ranulph Fiennes
 * Dwayne Fields
 * John Franklin
 * Peter Freuchen
 * Martin Frobisher
 * Vivian Fuchs
 * Tobias Furneaux
 * Yakov Gakkel
 * Matvei Gedenschtrom
 * Adrien de Gerlache
 * Johann Georg Gmelin
 * Adolphus Greely
 * Pen Hadow
 * Charles Francis Hall
 * Helmer Hanssen
 * Bernhard Hantzsch
 * Sverre Hassel
 * Adrian Hayes
 * Isaac Israel Hayes
 * Samuel Hearne
 * Matthew A. Henson
 * Wally Herbert
 * Alex Hibbert
 * Edmund Hillary
 * John Hornby
 * Andreas Hovgaard
 * Henry Hudson
 * Edward Israel
 * Hjalmar Johansen
 * Antony Jinman
 * Erling Kagge
 * Otto Kalvitsa
 * Elisha Kent Kane
 * Sydney L. Kirkby
 * Gerald Ketchum
 * Maria Klenova
 * Lauge Koch
 * Aleksandr Kolchak
 * Nikolai Kolomeitsev
 * Alexander Kuchin
 * Paul Landry
 * Dmitry Laptev
 * Khariton Laptev
 * Carl Anton Larsen
 * Georges Lecointe
 * Christian Leden
 * Ernest de Koven Leffingwell
 * Percy Lemon
 * Godske Lindenov
 * Martin Lindsay
 * Fyodor Litke
 * Ivan Lyakhov
 * Alistair Mackay
 * Alexander MacKenzie
 * Aeneas Mackintosh
 * Cecil Madigan
 * Rune Malterud
 * Stepan Malygin
 * Donal T. Manahan
 * Albert Hastings Markham
 * James Marr
 * Eric Marshall
 * Fyodor Matisen
 * Fyodor Matyushkin
 * Douglas Mawson
 * James May
 * Francis Leopold McClintock
 * Jim McNeill
 * Janice Meek
 * Alexander Middendorf
 * Ejnar Mikkelsen
 * Fyodor Minin
 * Gerhard Muller
 * Fridtjof Nansen
 * George Nares
 * Alfred Gabriel Nathorst
 * Edward Nelson
 * Umberto Nobile
 * Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
 * Otto Nordenskjöld
 * Børge Ousland
 * Dmitry Ovtsyn
 * Pyotr Pakhtusov
 * Nathaniel Palmer
 * Ivan Papanin
 * William Parry
 * Charlie Paton
 * Fiann Paul
 * Robert Edwin Peary
 * Yakov Permyakov
 * Eric Philips
 * Ralph Plaisted
 * Fedot Popov
 * Richard Profit
 * Vasili Pronchishchev
 * Maria Pronchishcheva
 * Lewis Gordon Pugh
 * Emil Racovita
 * Pierre-Esprit Radisson
 * John Rae
 * Knud Rasmussen
 * Andrew Regan
 * George W. Rice
 * John Richardson
 * Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen
 * Quintin Riley
 * Alfred Ritscher
 * Edith Ronne
 * Finn Ronne
 * James Clark Ross
 * John Ross
 * Vladimir Rusanov
 * John Rymill
 * Rudolf Samoylovich
 * Yakov Sannikov
 * Ben Saunders
 * Otto Schmidt
 * William Scoresby
 * Robert Falcon Scott
 * Georgy Sedov
 * Ernest Shackleton
 * Nobu Shirase
 * Pyotr Shirshov
 * Ivan Simonov
 * Paul Siple
 * Mikhail Somov
 * Pavel Senko
 * Mikhail Stadukhin
 * Vilhjalmur Stefansson
 * Will Steger
 * Otto Sverdrup
 * Robert Swan
 * Eduard Toll
 * Yevgeny Tolstikov
 * Alexey Tryoshnikov
 * Avgust Tsivolko
 * Nikolay Urvantsev
 * Georgy Ushakov
 * Merkury Vagin
 * Boris Vilkitsky
 * Vladimir Vize
 * Lawrence Wager
 * Paul Walker
 * Carl Frederick Wandel
 * Gino Watkins
 * Richard Weber
 * James Weddell
 * Walter Wellman
 * Frank Wild
 * Hubert Wilkins
 * Edward Wilson
 * Oscar Wisting
 * Frank Worsley
 * Ferdinand von Wrangel
 * Nikolai Pinegin

title: List of polar explorers


text:
File:The Doobie Brothers - On Our Way Up.jpg

Summary
The Doobie Brothers "On Our Way Up" album cover


text:
Benefice

A benefice or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term  as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian era as a benefit bestowed by the crown or church officials. A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria (pl. precariae), such as a stipend, and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief. A benefice is distinct from an allod, in that an allod is property owned outright, not bestowed by a higher authority.

Roman imperial origins
In ancient Rome a benefice was a gift of land (precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered, originally, to the state. The word comes from the Latin noun beneficium, meaning "benefit".

Carolingian era
In the 8th century, using their position as Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel, Carloman I and Pepin II usurped a large number of church benefices for distribution to vassals, and later Carolingians continued this practice as emperors. These estates were held in return for oaths of military assistance, which greatly aided the Carolingians in consolidating and strengthening their power. Charlemagne (emperor 800–814) continued the late Roman concept of granting benefices in return for military and administrative service to his empire. Thus, the imperial structure was bound together through a series of oaths between the monarch and the recipient of land (and the resulting income) (see Fief). He ordered and administered his kingdom and later his empire through a series of published statutes called capitularies. The Capitulary of Herstal (AD 779) distinguished between his vassals who were styled casati (sing. casatus) and non-casati, that is those subjects who had received a benefice from the hand of the king and those who had not, and

"towards the end of Charlemagne's reign it appears that a royal vassal who had satisfactorily fulfilled his duties could always look forward to the grant of a benefice in some part of the Empire. Once he had received a benefice, he would take up his residence on it; it was only rarely that a vassus casatus continued to work in the Palace."

In the year 800 Pope Leo III placed the crown of Holy Roman Emperor on the head of Charlemagne. This act caused great turmoil for future generations, who would afterward argue that the emperor thereby received his position as a benefice from the papacy. In his March 1075 Dictatus Papae, Pope Gregory VII declared that only the pope could depose an emperor, which implied that he could do so just as a lord might take a benefice away from a vassal. This declaration inflamed Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and furthered the friction caused in the Investiture Conflict.

Middle Ages
The expanded practice continued through the Middle Ages within the European feudal system. This same customary method became adopted by the Catholic Church.

The church's revenue streams came from, amongst other things, rents and profits arising from assets gifted to the church, its endowment, given by believers, be they monarch, lord of the manor or vassal, and later also upon tithes calculated on the sale of the product of the people's personal labour in the entire parish such as cloth or shoes and the people's profits from specific forms of likewise God-given, natural increase such as crops and in livestock.

Initially the Catholic Church granted buildings, grants of land and greater and/or lesser tithes for life but the land was not alienated from the dioceses. The Synod of Lyon of 567 annexed these grants to the churches. By the time of the Council of Mainz of 813 these grants were known as beneficia. Holding a benefice did not necessarily imply a cure of souls although each benefice had a number of spiritual duties attached to it. For providing these duties, a priest would receive "temporalities".

Benefices were used for the worldly support of much of its pastoral clergy – clergy gaining rewards for carrying out their duties with rights to certain revenues, the "fruits of their office". The original donor of the temporalities or his nominee, the patron and his successors in title, held the advowson (right to nominate a candidate for the post subject to the approval of the bishop or other prelate as to the candidate's sufficiency for the demands of the post).

Parish priests were charged with the spiritual and temporal care of their congregation. The community provided for the priest as necessary, later, as organisation improved, by tithe (which could be partially or wholly lost to a temporal lord or patron but relief for that oppression could be found under canon law).

Some individual institutions within the church accumulated enormous endowments and, with that, temporal power. These endowments sometimes concentrated great wealth in the mortmain ("dead hand") of the church, so called because it endured beyond any individual's life. The church was exempt from some or all taxes. This was in contrast to feudal practice where the nobility would hold land on grant from the king in return for service, especially service in war. This meant that the church over time gained a large share of land in many feudal states and so was a cause of increasing tension between the church and the Crown.

Pluralism
The holder of more than one benefice, later known as a pluralist, could keep the revenue to which he was entitled and pay lesser sums to deputies to carry out the corresponding duties.

By a Decree of the Lateran Council of 1215 no clerk could hold two benefices with cure of souls, and if a beneficed clerk took a second benefice with cure of souls, he vacated ipso facto his first benefice. Dispensations could easily be obtained from Rome.

The benefice system was open to abuse. Acquisitive prelates occasionally held multiple major benefices. The holding of more than one benefice is termed pluralism (unrelated to the political theory of the same name). An English example was Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury (1052–72).

After the Reformation, the new denominations generally adopted systems of ecclesiastical polity that did not entail benefices and the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) called "for the abandonment or reform of the system of benefices".

French Revolution
The French Revolution replaced France's system by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy following debates and a report headed by Louis-Simon Martineau in 1790, confiscating all endowments of the church, which was until then the highest order (premier ordre) of the Ancien Régime; instead, the state awarded a salary to the formerly endowment-dependent clergy, and abolished canons, prebendaries and chaplains. This constitution kept the separation between the nomination (advowson) and the canonical institution (benefice/living, which conferred a jurisdiction) but the state set a fixed system of salaries and would elect the metropolitan bishops who in turn would elect the curates.

Parts of these changes remain such as the abolition of the three historic roles mentioned and the constitution is still in force in Belgium.

Church of England
The term benefice, according to the canon law, denotes an ecclesiastical office (but not always a cure of souls) in which the incumbent is required to perform certain duties or conditions of a spiritual kind (spiritualities) while being supported by the revenues attached to the office (temporalities).

The spiritualities of parochial benefices, whether rectories, vicarages or perpetual curacies, include due observation of the ordination vows and due solicitude for the moral and spiritual welfare of the parishioners. The temporalities are the revenues of the benefice and assets such as the church properties and possessions within the parish.

By keeping this distinction in mind, the right of patronage in the case of parochial benefices, or advowson, appears logical, being the right originally vested in the donor of the temporalities to present to his bishop a clerk to be admitted, if found fit by the bishop, to the office to which those temporalities are annexed. In other words, the gift of the glebe (a rectory manor or church furlong) was only ever granted subject to receiving an incorporeal hereditament (inheritable and transferable right) for the original donor.

Nomination or presentation on the part of the patron of the benefice is thus the first requisite in order that a clerk should become legally entitled to a benefice. The next requisite is that he should be admitted by the bishop as a fit person for the spiritual office to which the benefice is annexed, and the bishop is the judge of the sufficiency of the clerk to be so admitted.

Parochial clergy suitability
Under the early constitutions of the Church of England a bishop was allowed a space of two months to inquire and inform himself of the sufficiency of every presentee, but by the 95th of the Canons of 1604 that interval was reduced to 28 days, within which the bishop must admit or reject the clerk. If the bishop rejects the clerk within that time he is liable to a duplex querela (Latin: "double complaint", the procedure in ecclesiastical law for challenging a bishop's refusal to admit a presentee to a benefice) in the ecclesiastical courts or to a quare impedit in the common law courts, and the bishop must then certify the reasons of his refusal.

In the rare cases where the patron happens to be a clergyman (a clerk in orders) and wishes to be admitted to the benefice of his own advowson, he must proceed by way of petition instead of by deed of presentation, reciting that the benefice is in his own patronage, and petitioning the bishop to examine him and admit him.

Upon the bishop having satisfied himself of the sufficiency of the clerk, he proceeded to institute him to the spiritual office to which the benefice is annexed, but before such institution could take place, the clerk had to make the declaration of assent, the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer, take the oaths of allegiance and canonical obedience and make a declaration against simony. The first was laid down by the Canons of 1603/04 and modified by the Clerical Subscription Act 1865 which also prescribed the form of the declaration against simony; the words of the oath of allegiance accorded to the form in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868. Current practice is to make a declaration of assent to the doctrine and liturgical practice of the Church of England, and take the oaths of allegiance and canonical obedience as defined by Canons of the Church of England.

The bishop, by the act of institution, commits to the presentee the cure of souls attached to the office to which the benefice is annexed. In cases where the bishop himself is patron of the benefice, no presentation or petition is required to be tendered by the clerk, but the bishop having satisfied himself of the sufficiency of the clerk, collates him to the benefice and office. A bishop need not personally institute or collate a clerk; he may issue a fiat to his vicar-general or to a special commissary for that purpose.

After the bishop or his commissary has instituted the presentee, he issues a mandate under seal, addressed to the archdeacon or some other neighbouring clergyman, authorizing him to induct the clerk into his benefice – in other words, to put him into legal possession of the temporalities, which is done by some outward form, and for the most part by delivery of the bell-rope to the presentee, who then tolls the church bell. This form of induction is required to give the clerk a legal title to his beneficium, although his admission to the office by institution is sufficient to vacate any other benefice which he may already possess.

A benefice is avoided or vacated
 * 1) by death;
 * 2) by resignation, if the bishop is willing to accept the resignation. (Before the introduction of the Church of England Pensions Board, by the Incumbents' Resignation Act 1871 (Amendment) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 23), any clergyman who had been an incumbent of one benefice continuously for seven years, and became incapacitated by permanent mental or bodily infirmities from fulfilling his duties, could, if the bishop thought fit, have a commission appointed to consider the fitness of his resigning; and if the commission reported in favour, he could, with the consent of the patron (or, if that is refused, with the consent of the archbishop) resign the cure of souls into the bishop's hands, and have assigned to him, out of the benefice, a retiring pension not exceeding one third of its annual value, recoverable as a debt from his successor);
 * 3) by cession, upon the clerk being instituted to another benefice or some other preferment incompatible with it;
 * 4) by deprivation and sentence of an ecclesiastical court; under the Clergy Discipline Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 32), an incumbent who has been convicted of offences against the law of bastardy, or against whom judgment has been given in a divorce or matrimonial cause, is deprived, and on being found guilty in the consistory court of immorality or ecclesiastical offences (not in respect of doctrine or ritual), he may be deprived or suspended or declared incapable of preferment;
 * 5) by act of law in consequence of simony;
 * 6) by default of the clerk in neglecting to read publicly in the church the Book of Common Prayer, and to declare his assent thereto within two months after his induction, pursuant to the Act of Uniformity 1662 (14 Cha. 2. c. 4);
 * 7) more recently, also on reaching statutory retirement age.

Pluralities Act
Dispensation, enabling a clerk to hold several ecclesiastical dignities or benefices at the same time, was transferred to the Archbishop of Canterbury by the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533, certain ecclesiastical persons having been declared by a previous statute (of 1529) to be entitled to such dispensations. The system of pluralities carried with it, as a direct consequence, systematic non-residence on the part of many incumbents, and delegation of their spiritual duties in respect of their cures of souls to assistant curates. The evils attendant on this system were found to be so great that the  (1 & 2 Vict. c. 106) was passed to abridge the holding of benefices in plurality, requiring that no person should hold under any circumstances more than two benefices and such privilege was subject to the restriction that both benefices must be within 10 mi of each other.

By the  (13 & 14 Vict. c. 98) restrictions were further narrowed so that no spiritual person could hold two benefices except the churches of such benefices within 3 mi of each other by the nearest road, and the annual value of one of such benefices did not exceed £100. By this statute the term "benefice" is defined to mean "benefice with cure of souls" and no other, and therein to comprehend all parishes, perpetual curacies, donatives, endowed public chapels, parochial chapelries and chapelries or districts belonging or reputed to belong, or annexed or reputed to be annexed, to any church or chapel.

The  (48 & 49 Vict. c. 54) superseded these and enacted that by dispensation from the Archbishop of Canterbury, two benefices can be held together, the churches of which are within 4 mi of each other, and the annual value of one of which does not exceed £200.

Current usage
A benefice or living in the Church of England describes any ecclesiastical parish or group of ecclesiastical parishes under a single stipendiary minister, as well as its related historical meaning.

The term dates from the grant of benefices by bishops to clerks in holy orders as a reward for extraordinary services. The holder of a benefice owns the "freehold" of the post (the church and the parsonage house) for life.

Such a life freehold is now subject to certain constraints. To comply with European Regulations on atypical workers, the parson's freehold is being phased out in favour of new conditions of service called "common tenure".

title: Benefice


text:
On Our Way Up

On Our Way Up is one of several unauthorized releases of an early Doobie Brothers demo recorded in 1970. Other unauthorized releases of some or all of the tracks on this recording include Runaround Ways, Introducing The Doobie Brothers, Still Smokin'  and Excitement, among other titles. The covers of the releases commonly show pictures of later Doobie Brothers lineups, including members that don't appear on the recording.

Track listing

 * 1) "By Yourself" (Patrick Simmons) – 2:48
 * 2) "Make It Easy" (Tom Johnston) – 2:54
 * 3) "Quicksilver Princess" (Johnston) – 2:18
 * 4) "Blue Jay" (Johnston) – 4:42
 * 5) "Coke Can Changes" (Johnston) – 3:24
 * 6) "Runaround Ways" (Simmons) – 2:45
 * 7) "Pauper's Diary" (Johnston) – 3:24
 * 8) "I'll Keep on Givin'" (Johnston) – 3:27
 * 9) "Excitement" (Johnston) – 4:00
 * 10) "Song to J.C." (Simmons) – 2:29
 * 11) "Another Way" (Johnston) – 2:54
 * 12) "On Our Way Up" (Johnston, Simmons) – 3:39
 * 13) "Tilted Park Crud Hunchery" (Johnston, Simmons) – 7:57

A later recording of "Blue Jay" (in a modified version) appears on the 1999 box set Long Train Runnin'. The melody & chord changes for "I'll Keep On Givin'" were later reworked on "Another Park, Another Sunday" (from What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits). None of the remaining songs on this collection appear on any official Doobie Brothers release in any form. Some CD releases of the demos erroneously swap the titles of "Song to J.C." and "Another Way." "Tilted Park Crud Hunchery" is unique in that it includes a short lead vocal by bassist Dave Shogren.

Personnel

 * Tom Johnston - guitar, vocals
 * Patrick Simmons - guitar, vocals
 * Dave Shogren - bass, vocals
 * John Hartman - drums

title: On Our Way Up


text:
Marion G. Romney

Marion George Romney (September 19, 1897 – May 20, 1988) was an apostle and a member of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Early life
Romney was born in Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, to expatriated parents, George S. Romney and Terressa Artemesia Romney ( Redd).

His father, George Romney, was the uncle of Michigan governor George W. Romney, who was born in nearby Colonia Dublan. Marion Romney is the first cousin, once removed of Utah Senator and former presidential candidate Mitt Romney. Terressa Redd was the daughter of Lemuel Hardison Redd and Sariah Louisa Chamberlain. Terressa and George married in 1894 in Colonia Juárez.

Romney was the second of ten children. His younger sister, Lurlene Romney Cheney, later converted to Catholicism and entered a religious order as Sister Mary Catherine, a Carmelite nun at the Carmel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Holladay, Utah.

Romney studied at Academia Juárez until his family left Mexico in 1912, when violence from the ongoing Mexican revolution spread to their region. He lived with them for the remainder of his youth in California and Idaho. In 1917, the Romneys moved to Rexburg, Idaho, where his father became principal of Ricks Academy. Romney graduated valedictorian of Ricks high school in 1918.

From 1920 to 1923, Romney served as an LDS Church missionary in Australia. After returning, he worked in construction in Salt Lake City for his uncle, Gaskell Romney (father of George W. Romney).

Higher education and family
Romney studied at Brigham Young University (BYU) for a year. While there, he renewed his acquaintance with Ida Jensen, a former teacher at Ricks and then a post-graduate candidate at BYU. Romney and Jensen married September 12, 1924, in the Salt Lake Temple, officiated by Joseph Fielding Smith.

Romney next studied at the University of Utah, receiving a bachelor's degree in political science and history in 1926. Romney studied law at the University of Utah, but did not complete course work there. He passed the Utah bar exam in 1929.

Romney and his wife had three children together; two died in infancy. Their son, George Jensen Romney, survived to adulthood. They also adopted a child, Richard Jensen Romney. George served an LDS Church mission. In April 1983, he delivered a General Conference sermon written by his father. Ida Romney died in 1979 at age 88.

Church service and politics
Romney first worked for the post office, and later became an assistant prosecuting attorney in Salt Lake City. In 1934, he successfully campaigned for the Utah House of Representatives as a Democrat. While campaigning, he was called as an LDS Church bishop by stake president Bryant S. Hinckley. After his election, his bishop ordination was delayed until after the legislature's term in April 1935, with him seeking and serving only one term. While in the legislature, Romney helped author Utah's liquor control law.

General authority
Romney's 47 years as a general authority of the LDS Church began as one of the first five Assistants to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles called to the new position in 1941. In 1951, he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve. In 1960, Romney helped develop the home teaching program of the LDS Church.

In 1961, Romney was appointed area supervisor for the LDS Church in Mexico. Although he had lived his first fifteen years in Mexico, it was in the mainly American Mormon colonies, and he knew very little Spanish. Assisted by Eduardo Balderas in learning Spanish, Romney supervised the church's growth in Mexico for the next eleven years. He oversaw construction of many meetinghouses in Mexico, along with organization of the first Spanish-language stakes in Mexico.

Romney became Second Counselor to church president Harold B. Lee in 1972.

Following Lee's death the following year, Spencer W. Kimball became the church president and he retained Romney as the Second Counselor. As the First Presidency, Kimball, Tanner, and Romney announced the 1978 Revelation on Priesthood, canonized as "Official Declaration 2" in the Doctrine and Covenants.

When Kimball, Tanner, and Romney all aged and developed health problems at similar rates, Gordon B. Hinckley was added as an additional counselor in 1981. Upon Tanner's death in 1982, Romney became First Counselor and Hinckley the Second Counselor, though Romney was relatively inactive in his position due to poor health. When Kimball died in 1985, press reports indicated that Romney had not been seen in public for many months.

Ezra Taft Benson, who had been President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, then became the church president and named Hinckley as First Counselor, with Thomas S. Monson as Second Counselor. Romney, as the apostle with the second-longest seniority in the church, became the quorum president. However, "because President Romney’s health [kept] him from taking an active part in Church administration," Howard W. Hunter, the next in seniority, served as acting president.

Romney died from natural causes at his home in Salt Lake City at age 90. He served 47 years as a church general authority. Funeral services were held in the Salt Lake Tabernacle on May 23, 1988, presided over by Benson. Romney was buried at Wasatch Lawn Memorial Park in Salt Lake City, beside his wife, approximately 10 years after her death. The Deseret News Church Almanac remembered him as a "renowned Church Welfare pioneer and Book of Mormon scholar".

title: Marion G. Romney


text:
Marc Alexander

Marc Alexander is a New Zealand politician. He was elected to Parliament as a list MP for the United Future New Zealand party in 2002, and stood unsuccessfully as the National Party candidate for Wigram in 2008.

Public activities
Before entering politics, Alexander was a restaurateur in Christchurch, and also co-hosted a cooking program on local television. He authored "From a Grasshut to the Beehive (2005)" – a politically incorrect cookbook. He was also a spokesperson for the Sensible Sentencing Trust, a group which lobbies for reforms in the criminal justice system. He was then their Crime Prevention spokesperson. After the 2005 general election, Alexander left the United Future Party, where many thought his atheistic, libertarian views clashed with the social conservatism of the majority (not to mention the willingness of the Party to support a Labour-led government). Although he voted against both the Prostitution Reform Act and the Civil Union Act (two pieces of legislation strongly opposed by Christian groups), he claims he did so due to concerns over the effects of the legislation as written, rather than any ideological opposition.

Since leaving the United Future Party, Alexander has been an involved member of the National Party in Christchurch. He served as Policy Chairman for Wigram, and also edited the Canterbury/Westland policy newsletter 'Thinking National'. He was selected as the National Party candidate for Wigram in the 2008 general election, and was placed 61st on the party's list. At this time he resigned his position with Sensible Sentencing, since the Trust's rules require all spokespeople to be politically unaligned.

Alexander writes "Marc My Words", an occasional political column, for the online New Zealand news website Scoop and has a daily political opinion spot on Coromandel FM called 'Marc My Word'. He lives in Christchurch with his wife Angelika Frank-Alexander and son.

In June 2019 Alexander became the leader of the New NZ Party, founded by David Moffett.

title: Marc Alexander


text:
My Dog Skip (film)

My Dog Skip is a 2000 American comedy-drama film, directed by Jay Russell and starring Frankie Muniz, Diane Lane, Luke Wilson, and Kevin Bacon, with narration by Harry Connick Jr. Based on the autobiographical book of the same name, the film tells the story of 9-year-old Willie Morris as he is given a Smooth Fox Terrier for his birthday and how the dog fundamentally changes several aspects of his life. My Dog Skip was released on January 12, 2000, by Warner Bros. and received generally positive reviews from critics. The film grossed $35.8 million on a $7 million budget.

Plot
Willie Morris looks back on the early 1940s and how it was colored by his dearly beloved dog, a Smooth Fox Terrier whom he had named Skip. Willie is a lonely boy with a gruff, proud father, Jack, a Spanish Civil War veteran, and a charismatic, talkative mother, Ellen, a housewife, but he is an only child with few friends. His one companion is a man who lives next door, Dink Jenkins, who is the local sports hero in Mississippi. However, when Dink is drafted to go to war, Ellen decides to buy Willie a dog, against Jack's wishes, in order that he should have some company.

Willie and Skip became firm friends very quickly. However, Willie gets bullied at school by Big Boy Wilkinson, Henjie Henick, and Spit McGee, until Dink sends him a German helmet and belt from the front line. The other boys demand he play ball in order to win back his belongings, while Skip leaps in to help him. That same day, the three boys talk Willie into spending the night in a graveyard, where they claim a witch is buried. If he stays there, he gets to join their gang and also keep the ball Dink signed for them; otherwise, he has to give them his German helmet. Willie stays at the graveyard for a number of hours until he hears two moonshiners, Millard and Junior, who are loading crates into a crypt. Skip jumps on Millard until Junior comes at him with a spade. Willie slingshots Junior with an acorn and attempts to escape the graveyard with Skip, but they are soon captured by Junior. He threatens to kill Skip unless Willie stays before sunrise. After the two guys leave, the three boys return and accept Willie into their group as a reward.

Skip, having always been a friendly dog, is known by everyone in the town. Skip leads Willie through the best parts of his life- his early days. Thanks to Skip, Willie now has three friends and a girlfriend, Rivers. Skip is there for him when Dink gets home, shell-shocked and a drunkard since dishonorably discharged from the Army, presumably for desertion. However, when Willie's first ball game comes along, Skip and Willie have their first falling out. Dink agrees to come along but does not bother because, since the war, he has found competitions do not interest him anymore. Skip, wanting to cheer Willie up, runs onto the field and sits, wagging his tail, refusing to leave. Angry and embarrassed by his poor performance at the game, causing his team to lose, Willie publicly hits Skip across the muzzle, and he disappears without a trace.

Unbeknownst to Willie, Skip has returned to the crypt and has been accidentally shut in the grave where moonshine is being stored. As Willie searches in the graveyard, he hears Skip's bark and runs to save him, but Junior knocks the dog unconscious with the spade. Dink arrives and manages to eject the two moonshiners. As Willie and Dink's families gather in solemnity in the vet's waiting room, Skip nearly dies from his injuries in Willie's arms, but the dog awakens, licking Willie's hands and face.

Willie explains about his friendship with Skip that he had been an only child and Skip was an only dog. When Willie leaves to go to Oxford University in the 1950s, Skip remains with Jack and Ellen, sleeping in Willie's old room, and then dies on Willie's bed. Having succumbed to arthritis, he is then buried under the elm tree by Jack and Ellen, with Jack telling Willie of Skip's death via a transatlantic call.

Production
Principal photography took place in Canton and Yazoo City, Mississippi, from May 10 to June 23, 1998. The author of the book, Willie Morris, suffered from a heart attack right after the film was completed in 1999. Morris saw a preliminary screening of the film in New York and praised it as "an absolute classic." Morris died a couple of days later and never saw the final version. The film is dedicated to his memory.

Release
The film was theatrically released on January 12, 2000, by Warner Bros. in 5 theaters. It expanded to 2,331 theaters on March 3, 2000. It was released on DVD, VHS, VCD, and Blu-ray from July 11, 2000, to 2006 by Warner Home Video.

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 73% from 82 critics. The site's consensus states: "Critics say My Dog Skip is cute, wholesome entertainment for the family. It's especially designed to appeal to your sentiment, but you might find yourself choking up just the same." Metacritic gave the film a score of 61 based on 26 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews." Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars.

The film opened at number 52 at the US box office with a gross of $62,633 in its opening five days. On its wide release, it moved up to number three at the US box office, with a gross of $5.9 million. It ended up grossing $34 million in the United States and Canada and $35.8 million worldwide, recouping its $7 million budget. It was also Warner Bros.'s first family film to be a success since Space Jam in 1996. The film was ranked at number four of Variety "dollar for dollar" most profitable films of the year 2000.

The movie remained in Variety Top Ten video sales charts for five months after its video release.

My Dog Skip won the Broadcast Film Critics Award for "Best Family Film" for the year 2000, the Silver Medal Giffoni Film Festival Award, the Best Cast Young Star Awards, the Silver Angel Awards winner, the ArkTrust Genesis Award, and the Christopher Award for Best Family Film.

Awards

 * Angel Awards 2001

 * Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2001

 * Christopher Awards 2000

 * Giffoni Film Festival 2000

 * Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards 2000

 * YoungStar Awards 2000

 * Young Artist Awards 2001

Soundtrack

 * "Tuxedo Junction" - Performed by Gene Krupa and His Orchestra
 * "Ration Blues" - Performed by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five
 * "Old Yazoo" - Performed by The Boswell Sisters
 * "I'm Beginning to See the Light" - Performed by Harry James
 * "Hot Time in the Town of Berlin" - Performed by The Andrews Sisters
 * "Lullaby of Broadway" - Performed by Richard Himber & His Orchestra
 * "Chasing Shadows" - Performed by Louis Prima
 * "Moonlight Promenade" - Performed by William Ross
 * "Starlight Serenade" - Performed by William Ross
 * "The Round Up Prelude" - Performed by William Ross
 * "Hop-Along" - Performed by William Ross
 * "200 Bright" - Performed by William Ross
 * "Washington in the New" - Performed by William Ross

title: My Dog Skip (film)


text:
New York Public Interest Research Group

The New York Public Interest Research Group (NYPIRG) is a New York statewide student-directed, non-partisan, not for profit political organization. It has existed since 1973. Its current executive director is Blair Horner and its founding director was Donald K. Ross.

NYPIRG is directed by a student-run and student-elected Board of Directors. Any issue that NYPIRG works on, or stance it takes, must be approved by its student board of directors. Damien Andrade, student of Brooklyn College, is the current chairperson of NYPIRG's Board of Directors. NYPIRG is one of the largest of the Public Interest Research Groups, which were inspired by Ralph Nader in the 1970s, and operate at the state level. After leaving Columbia University, former U.S. President Barack Obama worked at NYPIRG at its City College Chapter.

NYPIRG works on a variety of socioeconomic issues such as college affordability, consumer protection, sustainable energy, government accountability, hunger & homelessness, public transportation in New York City, and voter rights.

Infrastructure
NYPIRG has an office in lower Manhattan, New York City, and a legislative office located in Albany. NYPIRG also operates in dozens of campus and regional offices statewide.

Campus program
The focus of NYPIRG's program is the campus chapters. Campus chapters exist at schools in the State University of New York (SUNY) City University of New York (CUNY), and two private colleges (Pratt Institute and Syracuse University). The chapters are funded by activity fees which are voted on by students, and/or determined by student governments.

Chapter locations

 * Binghamton University
 * Borough of Manhattan Community College
 * Bronx Community College
 * Brooklyn College
 * Buffalo State College
 * City College of New York
 * SUNY Cortland
 * Hunter College
 * Nassau Community College
 * SUNY New Paltz
 * New York City College of Technology
 * Pratt Institute
 * SUNY Purchase
 * Queens College
 * Queensborough Community College
 * College of Staten Island
 * Syracuse University - SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

title: New York Public Interest Research Group


text:
Divided Highway

Divided Highway is a compilation album by American rock band The Doobie Brothers, released in 2003. (See 2003 in music.) All tracks are taken from the albums Cycles (1989) and Brotherhood (1991).

Track listing

 * 1) "Divided Highway" (Fox, Peterik, Simmons) – 3:51
 * 2) "The Doctor" (Johnston, Midnight, Schwartz) – 3:46
 * 3) "South of the Border" (Johnston) – 4:20
 * 4) "Tonight I'm Coming Through (The Border)" (LaKind, McDonald) – 4:27
 * 5) "Rollin' On" (Johnston) – 4:10
 * 6) "Dangerous" (Simmons) – 5:03
 * 7) "Take Me to the Highway" (Fedele, Midnight, Okerman, Simmons) – 3:16
 * 8) "Our Love" (Williams) – 4:28
 * 9) "This Train I'm On" (Ockerman, Simmons) – 3:51
 * 10) "Too High a Price" (Heron, Lakind, Zeke Zirngiebel) – 4:11
 * 11) "Is Love Enough" (Richmond, Williams) – 4:38
 * 12) "Showdown" (Johnston) – 4:14
 * 13) "Something You Said" (Gorrie, Lunn) – 4:45
 * 14) "Need a Little Taste of Love" (M. Isley, E. Isley, R. Isley, O. Isley, C. Jasper) – 4:01

title: Divided Highway


text:
User talk:Stephenls

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Stephenls


text:
Shane Ardern

Philip Shane Ardern (born 26 January 1960) is a New Zealand politician. He is a member of the National Party and represented the electorate of Taranaki-King Country from 1998 to 2014.

Early years
Ardern is the son of Noel and Olive Ardern. He was born and raised in Ōpunake, and attended Opunake High School. Before entering politics, he was a dairy farmer, and many of his political activities have been on behalf of the farming community. He is a more conservative cousin of former New Zealand Prime Minister and Labour MP Jacinda Ardern.

Member of Parliament
Ardern first became a member of parliament due to the Taranaki-King Country by-election of 1998, which resulted from the retirement from politics of former Prime Minister Jim Bolger. He held that seat from 1998 to 2014.

Ardern became one of the driving forces behind the legislation that enabled the setting up of the dairy company Fonterra in 2001. He came to nationwide attention in late 2003 when he drove a tractor up the front steps of Parliament House as part of a protest against a proposed agricultural emissions research levy, nicknamed the "flatulence" or "fart tax"; the police investigated him for dangerous conduct and charged him with disorderly conduct. From 2008 until his retirement from parliament in 2014 he served as chairman of the parliamentary Primary Production Select Committee. In late 2013 bloggers and media speculatively named Ardern as one of the National Party MPs likely to retire due to a perceived need for rejuvenation of the National Party parliamentary caucus.

Retirement
Ardern announced he was stepping down from his seat in December 2013 and that he would remain an MP until the end of the 50th New Zealand Parliament. Since retiring from Parliament, Ardern has returned to his Central North Island farms, having been succeeded in the Taranki-King Country seat by Barbara Kuriger. Ardern has also begun advocating again at the grassroots levels for the Taranaki farming communities that supply Fonterra having been noted at several post-election forums held by the dairy industry.

title: Shane Ardern


text: User talk:203.23.236.66

title: User talk:203.23.236.66


text:
Live at Wolf Trap

Live at Wolf Trap is the third live album by US rock band The Doobie Brothers, released in 2004.

Wolf Trap is a National Park in Virginia, where the band performed live on July 25.

In addition to the CD, a DVD was released featuring, in addition to the CD setlist, "People Gotta Love Again", "Spirit", "Nobody", "Neal's Fandango", "Takin' It to the Streets" and "Without You", interviews, a photo gallery and other bonus features.

The album was also released as a double LP vinyl set, same tracklist as the CD version.

The album revived a handful of tracks the Doobies had not released live versions of before from Tom Johnston's original stint with the band. The set also included a cover of the rock and roll standard "Little Bitty Pretty One".

The album contains the final recordings of drummer and vocalist Keith Knudsen, who died shortly after its release.

CD track listing

 * 1) "Rockin' Down the Highway" (Johnston) - 3:30
 * 2) "Jesus Is Just Alright" (Arthur Reid Reynolds) - 5:05
 * 3) "Dangerous" (Simmons) - 5:10
 * 4) "Another Park, Another Sunday" (Johnston) - 4:40
 * 5) "Steamer Lane" (instrumental) (Simmons) - 3:51
 * 6) "South City Midnight Lady" (Simmons) - 6:18
 * 7) "Snake Man" (Johnston) - 2:40
 * 8) "Five Corners" (McFee, Simmons) - 1:57
 * 9) "Rainy Day Crossroad Blues" (Johnston) - 4:58
 * 10) "Clear as the Driven Snow" (Simmons) - 5:47
 * 11) "Don't Start Me Talkin'" (Sonny Boy Williamson) - 7:55
 * 12) "Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) - 3:45
 * 13) "Little Bitty Pretty One" (Byrd) - 4:03
 * 14) "Black Water" (Simmons) - 4:43
 * 15) "Long Train Runnin'" (Johnston) - 6:09
 * 16) "China Grove" (Johnston) - 3:22
 * 17) "Listen to the Music" (Johnston) - 5:40

DVD

 * 1) "Rockin' Down the Highway" (Johnston)
 * 2) "Jesus Is Just Alright" (A. Reynolds)
 * 3) "Dangerous" (Simmons)
 * 4) "Another Park, Another Sunday" (Johnston)
 * 5) "People Gotta Love Again" (Johnston)
 * 6) "Spirit" (Johnston)
 * 7) "Steamer Lane" (instrumental) (Simmons)
 * 8) "South City Midnight Lady" (Simmons)
 * 9) "Snake Man" (Johnston)
 * 10) "Nobody" (Johnston)
 * 11) "Five Corners" (McFee/Simmons)
 * 12) "Rainy Day Crossroad Blues" (Johnston)
 * 13) "Clear as the Driven Snow" (Simmons)
 * 14) "Neal's Fandango" (Simmons)
 * 15) "Takin' It to the Streets" (McDonald)
 * 16) "Don't Start Me Talkin'" (Sonny Boy Williamson)
 * 17) "Take Me In Your Arms (Rock Me)" (Holland-Dozier-Holland)
 * 18) "Little Bitty Pretty One" (Byrd)
 * 19) "Black Water" (Simmons)
 * 20) "Long Train Runnin'" (Johnston)
 * 21) "China Grove" (Johnston)
 * 22) "Without You" (Johnston/Simmons/Porter/Hartman/Hossack)
 * 23) "Listen to the Music" (Johnston)

Personnel
The Doobie Brothers
 * Tom Johnston - guitars, vocals
 * John McFee - guitars, dobro, pedal steel guitar, harmonica, violin, mandolin, vocals
 * Patrick Simmons - guitars, banjo, vocals
 * Michael Hossack - drums, percussion
 * Keith Knudsen - drums, percussion, vocals

Additional personnel
 * Guy Allison - keyboards, vocals, background vocals
 * Skylark - bass, background vocals
 * M. B. Gordy - percussion
 * Marvin McFadden - trumpet
 * Mic Gillette - trombone, trumpet
 * Marc Russo - saxophone, horn arrangements

title: Live at Wolf Trap