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Patrocínio Paulista

Patrocínio Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 14,807 (2020 est.) in an area of 603 km2. The elevation is 743 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Notable people

 * Jorge Falleiros (1898–1924), poet, teacher and journalist

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Patrocínio Paulista


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Patrick Lalor

Patrick Joseph Lalor (21 July 1926 – 29 July 2016) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and former hurling player for Laois. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Laois–Offaly between 1961 and 1981, and a government minister on two separate occasions during the 19th Dáil. He later represented Leinster in the European Parliament from 1979 to 1994.

Hurling career
Lalor was a member of the Laois team that won the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship in 1949. The team went on to compete in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final but lost to Tipperary. Later that year he helped his club Abbeyleix to win the Laois Senior Hurling Championship. Between 1953 and 1956, Lalor was county secretary of Laois GAA.

He played football and hurling for his club and county for many years and is generally regarded as one of the most skillful hurlers to have pulled Laois jersey. This was evidenced by his selection in 1999 on the Laois Hurling Team of the Millennium.

Lalor played 70 times for Laois senior hurlers, scoring 199 points in his time with the senior team. At the time of his retirement, he was the all-time top scorer for the county and was top of the scoring charts for over 20 years. He also played five times for the senior footballers, scoring 13 points.

Political career
Lalor was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt at the 1961 general election as a Fianna Fáil TD for Laois–Offaly in the 17th Dáil. In 1965, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture. The following year, Lalor became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Transport and Power and Posts and Telegraphs. Following the 1969 election, Lalor joined the cabinet of Jack Lynch as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs. In the cabinet reshuffle that took place following the Arms Crisis in 1970, he took over the Industry and Commerce portfolio, serving in that position until the 1973 general election, when a Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition took power.

Fianna Fáil was re-elected in a landslide victory at the 1977 general election and Lalor became Government Chief Whip and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence. In 1979, he was elected to the European Parliament for the Leinster constituency and did not stand for a fifth re-election in the 1981 general election. He was re-elected to the European Parliament in 1984 and 1989, before retiring from politics in 1994. During his time as a member of the European Parliament, he was vice-chair of the parliamentary grouping the European Progressive Democrats and its successor the European Democratic Alliance. He was also a Vice-President of the European Parliament from 1982 to 1987.

Personal life
Lalor died on 29 July 2016 at the age of 90. He was survived by his four children. Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin paid tribute to Lalor saying he "had a very distinguished career and represented the people of Laois-Offaly with great pride."

title: Patrick Lalor


text:
User talk:Psyche~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 19:35, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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''Very nice haiku, but I was hoping to contact you. I wrote all of the sub headings for telepathy and harmonics- I mean neurokinetics didn't exist until two days ago, when I pulled the term from The Matrix. I wrote the game from (cough) personal experience, which I don't believe is entirely hallucinated. You're the only person who seems to grasp the concepts of quantum string while not shying from its vast potential. I want to know what you think of it. You'll find my info under neurokinetic harmonics.''
 * Sounds like original research to me. The theorizing I mean. -Psyche 18:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Psyche. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Psyche~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Psyche~enwiki


text:
Alfred Atherton

Alfred Leroy "Roy" Atherton Jr. (November 22, 1921 – October 30, 2002) was a United States Foreign Service Officer and diplomat. He served as United States Ambassador to Egypt in 1979–1983. He was a Middle East expert who helped in the negotiations that led to the 1978 Camp David peace accords between Israel and Egypt.

Early life
Atherton was born on November 22, 1921, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Alfred Leroy Atherton Sr. and Joanna Reed.

He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy. He served in the U.S. Army in Europe from 1943 to 1945. He received a B.S. in 1944 and an M.A. in 1947 from Harvard University. He received a master's degree in economics from the University of California in Berkeley.

Foreign service (1947-1961)
Atherton joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1947, and served in Stuttgart, Bonn, Damascus, and Aleppo. From 1959 to 1961, he was Iraq-Jordan desk officer, then Officer in Charge for Cyprus, in the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs at the State Department. During 1961-62 he took advanced economic studies at the University of California at Berkeley.

India (1962-1965)
From 1962 to 1965, he was economic officer in Calcutta, India.

Middle East Affairs (1965-1978)
Between 1965 and 1966, he was deputy director of the Office of Near Eastern Affairs at the State Department. In 1966 and 1967, he was Country Director for Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. From 1967 to 1970, he was Country Director for Israel and Arab-Israel Affairs. From 1970 to 1974, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. From 1974 to 1978, he was Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs.

Ambassador at large: Camp David Summit
He became an Ambassador-at-large and was a member of the U.S. negotiating team at the Camp David summit in September 1978.

The summit produced the Camp David Accords. Atherton had spent months preparing both parties for the summit.

Egypt (1979-1983)
He served as United States Ambassador to Egypt from 1979 to 1983, where he was responsible for the largest U.S. mission in the world, with a staff of 872 Americans and 500 Egyptians. After the Camp David Accord many staff were dispatched to help administer the $1.5 billion a year in military assistance. During his tenure the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated. After completing his final overseas tour he returned to Washington D.C.

Director General of the Foreign Service (1983-1985)
This was his final post prior to retiring from government service in 1985. The previous year he took on an added task heading up a fellowship program for promising future leaders from the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand to study in the United States by the name of the Harkness Fellowships, a program run by the Commonwealth Fund, a New York-based philanthropic foundation established by Anna M. Harkness.

Memberships, awards and affiliations

 * Director of the Harkness Fellowship Program of the Commonwealth Fund of New York
 * Director of the Una Chapman Cox Foundation

Academic career
He was a visiting professor of Middle Eastern Affairs at Hamilton College as Sol M. Linowitz Visiting professor of government (1991-1992). There, he taught a small seminar on the history and dynamics of the Arab-Israeli conflict. He also was a visiting professor at Mount Holyoke and Birmingham Southern Colleges.

Personal
He married Betty Wylie (1921–2001) from Chicago, Illinois. They had three children; Lynne, Reed and Michael.

He was a member of All Souls Unitarian Church in Washington D.C.

He died at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, on October 30, 2002 from complications related to cancer surgery. He is buried at Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington D.C. along with his wife, Betty Wylie who died on February 18, 2009.

Ancestry
His paternal ancestors had resided in Lancaster, Massachusetts having been pioneer settlers to the area. He is a direct descendant of James Atherton, who arrived in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in the 1630s. The Atherton family ancestry originated from Lancashire, England.

title: Alfred Atherton


text:
Pauliceia

Pauliceia is a municipality located in interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 7,454 (2020 est.) in an area of 374.1 km2. The elevation is 328 m.

History
The settlement Pauliceia was founded by Ezequiel Joaquim de Oliveira on June 29, 1947. The property was opened in order to locate a city on the banks of the Parana River, for future exchanges with the neighboring state of Mato Grosso (current state of Mato Grosso do Sul).

With the advent of the promulgation of the new Constitutional Charter of the State of São Paulo, which released the creation of new municipalities, especially on the border with other states, the population of the village Pauliceia managed to raise the county, supported by the Organic Law of Municipalities.

Pauliceia was elevated to district and municipality, of lands separated from Gracianópolis (current Tupi Paulista), by Law No. 233 of December 24, 1948. As council was formed with the districts of peace Pauliceia, Panorama and Santa Mercedes. By Law No. 2456 of December 30, 1953, were dismembered Pauliceia of Panorama and the districts of Santa Mercedes. Although the Law No. 233 of December 24, 1948, the municipality was Pauliceia belonging to the county of Lucélia. Was incorporated into the district of Dracena, by Law No. 2456 of December 30, 1953, implemented on 1 January 1954.

Geography
The municipality contains part of the 8885 ha Mouth of the Aguapeí Private Natural Heritage Reserve, created in 2010. On the shores of Paraná River are scenic fishing spots. In addition to the Aguapeí River.

Demographics
Census Data - 2000
 * Total population: 5,302
 * Urban: 3,934
 * Rural: 1368
 * Men: 2,755
 * Women: 2,547
 * Population density (inhabitants / km ²): 14.14
 * Infant mortality 1 year (per thousand): 17.89
 * Life expectancy (year): 70.18
 * Fertility rate (children per woman): 3.10
 * Literacy Rate: 85.52
 * Human Development Index: 0.754
 * Income: 0.670
 * Longevity: 0.753
 * Education: 0.838

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

title: Pauliceia


text:
Borjomi

Borjomi (ბორჯომი) is a resort town in south-central Georgia with a population of 11,173 (as of 2024). Located 165 km from Tbilisi, it is one of the six municipalities of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region and is situated in the northwestern part of the region in the picturesque Borjomi Gorge on the eastern edge of Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park. The town is noted for its mineral water industry (which is the number one export of Georgia), the Romanov summer palace in Likani and Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park. Borjomi mineral water is particularly well-known in Georgia as well as other countries that were part of the former Soviet Union; the bottling of mineral water is a major source of income for the area. Because of the supposed curative powers of the area's mineral springs, it is a frequent destination for people with health problems. Borjomi is also home to the most extensive ecologically-themed amusement park in the Caucasus.

History

In the Middle Ages, the area of what is now Borjomi was part of the Tori province. It was populated by a series of forts guarding the strategic crossroad of routes leading to the western, eastern, and southern provinces of Georgia. Three important forts – those of “Gogia”, “Petra”, and “Sali” – still overlook the town from nearby hills. From the 16th century into the 19th, the area belonged to the noble family of Avalishvili, but was largely depopulated as a result of Ottoman inroads.

After the Russian annexation of Georgia, the Borjomi area began to revitalize. The toponym Borjomi is first recorded in the 1810s. The town and its surroundings were placed under the Russian military authorities. Borjomi began receiving soldiers in the 1820s. Buildings and baths began going up in the 1830s. Early in the 1840s, when the Russian Viceroy of the Caucasus Yevgeny Golovin brought his daughter down to partake of the cure, he expedited the official transfer of the waters from the military to civil authorities. The viceroy Mikhail Vorontsov, fascinated by local landscape and mineral waters, made Borjomi his summer residence and refurnished it with new parks. Its warm climate, mineral water springs, and forests made Borjomi a favorite summer resort for the aristocracy, and gave it its popular name of "the pearl of Caucasus". In the 1860s, new hotels were built, and an administration for mineral waters was established. In 1871, Borjomi was bestowed upon the royal family member, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayvich, then the viceroy of the Caucasus. In the 1890s, Mikhail’s son, Nikolay, built a park and a chateau at Likani, at the western end of Borjomi. The bottled mineral waters began to be extensively exported. The town grew significantly at the expanse of Russian migrants and, in 1901, the number of ethnic Russian inhabitants (2,031) outstripped the native Georgians (1,424) for the first time.

Following the Red Army invasion of Georgia in 1921, the Soviet regime confiscated all aristocratic mansions and turned them into sanatoria, frequented by the Communist party elite. Despite significant damage caused by a flood on April 18, 1968, Borjomi continued to grow throughout the Soviet era. The post-Soviet years of political and economic crisis hindered development of the area, but it remained a popular destination for internal tourism. In the 2000s, a growing government and private investment into tourism and municipal infrastructure helped Borjomi recover from a decade of decay.

Borjomi, together with Bakuriani, was named by Georgia as an applicant city for the 2014 Winter Olympics on June 22, 2005, but it was eliminated as a candidate by the International Olympic Committee on June 22, 2006.

Resort
Borjomi is a balneological and climatic resort. During the Soviet times it had the status of a union resort. According to the relief and microclimate peculiarities Borjomi has several districts, of which Likani, Papa and Plateau are particularly favorable for treatment. The main treatment of the resort is mineral water used for drinking and balneological procedures.

Other treatment factors in Borjomi are climatotherapy, mud treatment and more. The best time for climatotherapy is June–October. Medical indications: chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, alteration of substances, some diseases of the cardiovascular system. The season lasts all year.

Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park
The Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park administration, with offices, small hotel and visitors communication center are located at 23 Meskheti st, in Borjomi. The total area occupies 85,083 ha, which is more than 1% of the territory of Georgia. Borjomi-Kharagauli Protected Areas includes 6 districts – Borjomi, Kharagauli, Akhaltsikhe, Adigeni, Khashuri and Baghdati. There are administrative and visitors centers of the national park in Borjomi and Kharagauli. Borjomi Strict Nature Reserve, Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, Nedzvi Managed Reserve and Goderdzi Petrified Forest Natural Monument are the protected areas and managed by the park administration.

Hiking, horse riding, biking, snow shoes, cultural and educational tours are also available in Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park tourist route network. The network amounts to 400–2,642 meters. The routes are provided with tourist shelters, picnic spots and camping sites.

Notable people from Borjomi

 * Nikolay Abramashvili (1918–1942), Soviet Air Forces fighter ace
 * Nodar Kumaritashvili (1988–2010), one-man luger
 * Otto Smik, DFC (1922–1944), Royal Air Force fighter ace

title: Borjomi


text:
Talk:Kaylee Frye

Redirect.
I think the character and episode info should go into the main Firefly (TV series) article, and not in seperate ones. If it's decided to split it up, this one should be changed to Kaylee: see Naming conventions (common names). — Jeandré, 2004-10-18t19:36z

 * See also Votes for deletion/Boone, Bogdanov, Russell, Ai re keeping character information in the main article. — Jeandré, 2004-10-21t21:07z

 * She would have to be a bit more known in pop culture, the way Mr. Spock is, for example. I say put a redirect to the part in the Firefly article that talks about her. -Arctic.gnome 05:59, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Disagree. I believe it's more consistent, at the very least, to have every crewmember of Serenity have their own page. -b 19:29, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Strawberries
Okay, I don't think Kaylee had enough onscreen experiences with strawberries to call it a "running joke", though it might have turned into one if the series continued beyond season one. -- Masterzora 06:18, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * We fans are always looking to read more into every action, gesture, and word that occurs within a work than is necessarily put there. That's why we aren't supposed to synthesize original conclusions from the raw data. Even when the artists behind the work truly intend to set up connections, it is not for us to piece them together, especially without definitive statements from authoritative, wiki-reliable sources. The current wording of the paragraph on strawberries, in my humble opinion, skirts the line but doesn't seem to cross it. "Has shown an affinity" is appropriately vague based on the sparse evidence, but that also lands the paragraph in the category of questionably trivial information. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 01:27, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Kaylee's Age
Is it ever reveled what Kaylee's age is during the Series, or movie? I don't really think it's very important, but I think it would shed more light on her character. Avador 06:49, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * We know she's about River's age, and we know River's seventeen years old (forgot which episode). No much, but its a start.

Roswell Crash Survivor 07:25, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

How do we know they're about the same age? Don't get me wrong, I'm willing to take odds that Kaylee's not thirty years older than River, but we've got nothing to support that they're particularly close, either.JBK405 21:44, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

I thought Kaylee was between the age of 20 to 23. I know she is in her early 20's that it.

 * Speculation and personal testimony is pointless. We need reliable sources. Is there anything in the Firefly canon (not fan-produced material!) that says anything about her age? ~ Jeff Q (talk) 01:20, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I have not read it in a while but i will check the companion book for the show. If it does then i will look some where on the net for that page and put it here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.226.221.250 (talk) 22:50, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Relations with Simon
"Simon himself almost never gets mad at Kaylee, the only time being Objects in Space where Kaylee revealed River's disturbing expert use of a handgun, which placed a dark cloud over River in the eyes of the others, which in turn angered Simon, although he was able to control it.[citation needed]" Substitute "disturbingly" for "disturbing" as a minor grammatical point.Having just watched the episode, I don't see any anger in Simon's attitude to Kaylee about this revelation. I only see resignation to a further complicating factor. Simon (to my eyes) accepts that Kaylee had to reveal this information to the rest of the crew, though he'd probably have liked to have known about it before the event, because knowing about this could have altered his clinical/ psychological assessment of his sister's injuries. Slight disappointment, resignation to another complicating factor, but nothing approaching anger. A Karley (talk) 21:55, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

 * This is exactly why these analyses, driven by our need to wax eloquent abour our favorite shows, are almost never good material for Wikipedia articles. It is also a major contributing factor to the drive to eliminate character articles. We fans routinely shoot ourselves in the foot with this stuff. We simply can't help adorn these articles with our personal beliefs of what is happening inside the heads of the characters. If TV Guide, People, or some non-vanity-published book make these points, we can summarize them with appropriate citations. Otherwise, they should be removed. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 01:31, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I second Jeff Q's concern. --Knulclunk (talk) 04:14, 5 January 2008 (UTC)
 * +1 VigilancePrime (talk) 04:32, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kaylee Frye


text:
Talk:Rheumatoid factor

Where defining something of this nature, i.e., any quantifiable result of a medical test, it would be helpful to indicate the normal refenence range for the item, e.g., .

 * OK, I've replaced your added link with a normal value. This is more helpful, I'd say. JFW | T@lk  22:47, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

RF is not criteria for sjogren´s disease. Jfmarchini 17:13, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

What causes increased RF
Can we say What causes increased RF, and how ? Rod57 (talk) 15:16, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Arya factor badhane ka kya Karan hai aur kaise badhta hai Mera r a factor 380 Bada Hua Hai iske liye Main Kya upchar Lun 106.66.62.194 (talk) 13:01, 5 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Arya factor badhane ka kya Karan hai aur kaise badhta hai Mera r a factor 380 Bada Hua Hai iske liye Main Kya upchar Lun 106.66.62.194 (talk) 13:03, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rheumatoid factor


text:
Two Planets

Two Planets (Auf zwei Planeten, lit. On Two Planets, 1897) is an influential science fiction novel postulating intelligent life on Mars by Kurd Lasswitz. It was first published in hardcover by Felber in two volumes in 1897; there have been many editions since, including abridgements by the author's son Erich Lasswitz (Cassianeum, 1948) and Burckhardt Kiegeland and Martin Molitor (Verlag Heinrich Scheffler, 1969). The 1948 abridgement, with "incidental parts" of the text taken from the 1969 version, was the basis of the first translation into English by Hans H. Rudnick, published in hardcover by Southern Illinois University Press in 1971. A paperback edition followed from Popular Library in 1976. The story covers topics like colonization, mutually assured destruction and clash of civilizations many generations before these topics came into politics.

Summary
A group of Arctic explorers seeking the North Pole find a Martian base there. The Martians can only operate in a polar region not because of climatic requirements, but because their spacecraft cannot withstand the rotation of the Earth at other latitudes. The aliens resemble Earth people in every respect except that they have much larger eyes, with which they can express more emotions. Their name for the inhabitants of Earth is "the small-eyed ones". Lasswitz's Martians are highly advanced, and initially peaceable; they take some of the explorers back with them to visit Mars dominated by canals. The Martian society seems to be enlightened, peaceful and highly advanced at first, but later the explorers learn about a plan to colonize Earth for farming solar power. In the following years, Mars subdues with ease every major government on Earth by force and diplomacy and promises to bring peace, education and prosperity for all. The situations start to look a lot like European colonization of third world countries before. Only parts of North America stay mostly independent for their low population density in the late 19th century. Over time, the Martian colonists become more arrogant towards the general population, which leads to uprising and atrocities from both sides with no chance of winning for the technologically inferior people from Earth, who form an organized planet-wide underground movement which operates from the shadows, steals technologies and unites the world in a final push against the Martians. In the final confrontation, both sides are faced with no way of winning the conflict as both sides have the power to annihilate the opposing infrastructure but not the opposing armies. In the end, an uneasy truce is made and honest talks start, giving Earth more freedom but still changed forever.

Mars as depicted by Lasswitz
Lasswitz hewed closely to the description by the astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli of Martian channels (canali), and even closer to that of Percival Lowell, who viewed them as actual canals engineered by intelligent beings. Lasswitz's depiction is more reflective of the views of these astronomers than those of other science fiction stories of the era dealing with the planet, including H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, Edwin Lester Arnold's Lieut. Gullivar Jones: His Vacation and Edgar Rice Burroughs's tales of Barsoom, all of which were all written in the wake of Lasswitz's book.

Literary significance
This novel was popular in the Germany of its day. Wernher von Braun and Walter Hohmann were inspired by reading it as children just as Robert H. Goddard was by reading The War of the Worlds. While there was no English translation before 1971, Everett F. Bleiler notes that it likely influenced American genre SF via Hugo Gernsback: "Hugo Gernsback would have been saturated in Lasswitz's work, and Gernsback's theoretical position of technologically based liberalism and many of his little scientific crotchets resemble ideas in Lasswitz's work."

Reception
Theodore Sturgeon, reviewing that 1971 translation for The New York Times, found Two Planets "curious and fascinating . . . full of quaint dialogue, heroism, decorous lovemaking, and gorgeous gadgetry." Bleiler noted that the translated text was severely abridged, losing 40% of the original text; although the quality of the translation was good, he characterized the abridgment as "a bad emasculation . . . This loss of detail results in a skeletization that omits important background and weakens motivations and plot connections. Lester del Rey similarly dismissed the 1971 translation as a bowdlerization" which is "bad scholarship, . . . unfair to readers [and] grossly unfair to Lasswitz." Del Rey noted that the translation was based on a 1948 abridgment prepared by the author's son, with other modifications made by the translator.

title: Two Planets


text:
Coombe

Coombe is an alternate spelling of combe, a dry valley.

It may also refer to:

Australia

 * Coombe, South Australia, a locality in the Coorong District Council

England

 * Coombe, Buckinghamshire
 * Coombe, Camborne, Cornwall
 * Coombe, Gwennap, Cornwall (near Redruth)
 * Coombe, Kea, Cornwall (near Truro)
 * Coombe, Liskeard, Cornwall
 * Coombe Junction Halt railway station
 * Coombe, Morwenstow, Cornwall (near Bude)
 * Coombe, St Stephen-in-Brannel, Cornwall (near St Austell)
 * Coombe, East Devon, Devon (near Sidmouth)
 * Coombe, Mid Devon, Devon (near Tiverton)
 * Coombe, Teignmouth, Teignbridge, Devon
 * Coombe, Dorset (in Whitchurch Canonicorum)
 * Coombe, Gloucestershire
 * Coombe, Hampshire
 * Coombe, Kent
 * Coombe, Croydon, London
 * Coombe, Kingston upon Thames, London
 * Coombe, Crewkerne, Somerset
 * Coombe, Taunton, Somerset
 * Coombe, Donhead St. Mary, Wiltshire
 * Coombe, Enford, Wiltshire
 * Coombe Bissett, Wiltshire
 * Coombe Dingle, Bristol
 * Combe Fields, Warwickshire
 * Coombe Abbey, former country house, now a hotel
 * Coombe Country Park, the former grounds of the house
 * Coombe Hill Canal, Vale of Gloucester
 * Coombe Keynes, Dorset

Ireland

 * The Coombe, Dublin, a historic street in Dublin

United States

 * Coombe Historic District, Felton, Kent County, Delaware

People

 * Dorothy Coombe (1896–1982), Australian trade unionist
 * E. H. Coombe (1858–1917), South Australian newspaper editor and politician
 * Robert Coombe, American chemist and educator
 * Rosemary J. Coombe, Canadian anthropologist and lawyer
 * Roy R. Coombe (1924-2016), American newspaper editor, businessman, and politician
 * Thomas Coombe (1873–1959), Australian businessman

Other uses

 * Coombe Hall (1871–1932), Scottish footballer who played for Blackburn Rovers
 * Coombe Cellars, a public house in south Devon, England
 * Coombe Boys' School, a secondary school, New Malden, London, England
 * Coombe Clipless Pedal, a type of bicycle pedal
 * Coombe Dean School, a specialist secondary school in Plymouth, Devon, England
 * Coombe Girls' School, an all-female secondary school in New Malden, South-West London, England
 * Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
 * Coombe Wood, a garden in the London Borough of Croydon, England

title: Coombe


text: Category:Towns on the Isle of Wight

title: Category:Towns on the Isle of Wight


text:
Paulistânia

Paulistânia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 1,834 (2020 est.) in an area of 257 km2. The elevation is 645 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Paulistânia


text:
William H. Sullivan

William Healy Sullivan (October 12, 1922 – October 11, 2013) was an American Foreign Service career officer who served as ambassador to Laos from 1964 to 1969, the Philippines from 1973 to 1977, and Iran from 1977 to 1979.

Early life and career
Sullivan was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, and graduated from Brown University as salutatorian and Class Orator of the class of 1943. His senior address was on America's duty to "aid in repairing not only the damage suffered by our Allies, but also that sustained by our enemies." After graduation, he entered the Navy and served as a gunnery officer on a destroyer, the USS Hambleton. The Hambleton escorted North Atlantic convoys, and served off North Africa and Italy before participating in the D-Day invasion of Normandy and the invasion of Okinawa. He had the senior watch on the Hambleton when it entered Yokohama harbor for the Japanese surrender.

After obtaining a joint graduate degree from Harvard University and the Fletcher School at Tufts University under the GI Bill, Sullivan joined the Foreign Service and was posted to Bangkok, Thailand. His subsequent assignments were to Calcutta, India, Tokyo, Japan, Naples and Rome, Italy, and The Hague, Netherlands.

"His habit of speaking his mind with force and candor grated on more than one superior, and for years he languished in the lower grades. Then, in the Kennedy administration, he was assigned to the office of W. Averell Harriman, the Assistant Secretary for the Far East. Harriman, no admirer of blandness, immediately recognized his abilities."

Sullivan served as Harriman's deputy at Geneva negotiations about the future of Laos in 1961 and during the Cuban Missile Crisis. When the Vietnam War heated up, he served briefly as deputy chief of mission to the U.S. Embassy in Saigon.

His nephew is former United States Deputy Secretary of State and former United States Ambassador to Russia John Sullivan.

Ambassador to Laos
In 1964, Sullivan began his tenure as Ambassador to Laos. Pursuant to an order by President John F. Kennedy, all U.S. military operations in Laos were under the direct supervision of the Ambassador. As Ambassador to Laos during Project 404, and he also personally directed the bombing of the Ho Chi Minh trail. This civilian control and the restriction on military operations rankled the military.

He was also involved in Lima Site 85 in Laos: "...Major Richard Secord, who was responsible for the security of Lima Site 85, was concerned about the safety of the unarmed U.S. Air Force technicians working there dressed as civilians. He requested Green Berets be assigned as on-site security. Sullivan turned down the request, repeatedly insisting the "civilian personnel" at Lima Site 85 should not be armed, but Secord decided to equip the technicians with weapons. M16 rifles, fragmentation grenades, concussion grenades, and other small arms were then brought in. Secord said that given the site's meager defenses, he felt the site could not be held against a serious assault. Secord's fears were justified, as USAF reconnaissance aircraft regularly flying over northeastern Laos in 1967 revealed that the paved roads constructed by the North Vietnamese were obviously approaching Phou Pha Thi. Road construction activities were observed along Routes 6 and 19, which connected Dien Bien Phu in North Vietnam with Phou Pha Thi and Nam Bac in Laos. Realizing the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) would try to destroy the installation, Secord advised the U.S. Embassy in Vientiane to evacuate all U.S. personnel. However, high-ranking U.S. officials insisted that Lima Site 85 should operate as long as possible, as it helped save the lives of U.S. pilots every day it remained operational.

After he left Laos, Sullivan returned to Washington to coordinate the U.S. participation in the Paris Peace Talks. Thereafter, he was appointed Ambassador to the Philippines. South Vietnam fell while he was in the Philippines, and Sullivan orchestrated the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people through that nation. He was able to convince President Marcos to permit the fleeing South Vietnamese navy to land, despite a demand from the new Communist Vietnamese government for its return, by arguing that the ships were in fact U.S. property after the fall of the South Vietnamese government, as a result of the terms of their sale to that state.

Ambassador to Iran
Sullivan next served as Ambassador to Iran, arriving just before President Jimmy Carter's visit to the Iran in December 1977. In the 1970s, America had extremely close military and economic links with Iran.

As demonstrations increased in scale, Sullivan came into conflict with National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski over a resolution that would be acceptable to American interests. Sullivan felt that compromise with the demonstrators and the Ayatollah Khomeini was necessary, while Brzezinski favored strong, unconditional support for the Shah of Iran and Iranian Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar. Although Brzezinski got his way, the demonstrators prevailed. On November 9, 1978, Sullivan cabled Washington that it might be necessary to consider policy options if the military proved unable to assure the shah's continuance in power and the shah should depart from Iran. This telegram, titled Thinking the Unthinkable, highlighted a major shift in support of the shah's position in Iran. Previous information had suggested that the shah would be able to make it through the demonstrations and last at least another decade. In the telegram, Sullivan comments on how total support for the shah has become increasingly unlikely and that options not considered relevant to the Carter administration may had to be taken in order to preserve the United States' interests in the region. The telegram would make its way to Jimmy Carter, who in response concluded that Sullivan may not be capable of saving the shah's regime and considered firing him. In January 1979, the White House instructed Sullivan to inform the shah that the U.S. government felt he should leave the country.

On February 1, 1979, the exiled Khomeini returned to Tehran. Days later, with Tehran in revolution and all organs of state essentially nonexistent, Under Secretary of State David D. Newsom called from the White House Situation Room with a question for Sullivan: "The National Security Advisor (Brzezinski) has asked for your view of the possibility of a coup d'état by the Iranian military to take over from the Bakhtiar government, which is clearly faltering."

Sullivan allegedly replied, "Tell Brzezinski to fuck off."

"That's not a very helpful comment," Newsom noted.

"You want it translated into Polish?" Sullivan hung up.

On February 14, 1979, the U.S. Embassy in Teheran was overrun by several different armed groups. The Embassy staff was briefly taken hostage, but later released to the caretaker Iranian government. This crisis, which predated the larger Iran Hostage Crisis by nine months, became sarcastically known as the "St. Valentine's Day Open House" owing to the date on which it occurred.

Sullivan wrote in his autobiography: "I had recommended that we accept the fact that a revolution was in progress and seek to use our not inconsiderable influence to steer its success toward its more moderate protagonists." This view, however, was not shared by Washington, and Sullivan was recalled in March 1979. Shortly after, on April 1, 1979, Iran officially became an Islamic Republic.

After Sullivan left Iran, the Embassy drew down to a skeleton staff, under the direction of Chargé d'Affaires Bruce Laingen, who later became one of 52 Americans held hostage by militant Iranian students.

He headed the American Assembly at Columbia University, which had been briefly headed by General Dwight Eisenhower before he was elected President, from 1979 to 1986. In 1981, Sullivan published Mission to Iran, a memoir of his time as ambassador. His autobiography, Obbligato: Notes on a Foreign Service Career, was published in 1984.

Later career
He later served on the boards of the Lincoln Center, the International Center, and the U.S.–Vietnam Trade Council.

In 1988 he received an overture to begin steps towards U.S.–Vietnam normalization from his former North Vietnamese negotiations counterpart Nguyen Co Thach, who had become Vietnam's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. Sullivan first traveled back to Vietnam in May 1989 to meet with Minister Thach, founded the U.S.–Vietnam Trade Council, and from then continued to work on steps towards the normalization.

Following retirement, he lived a quiet life in Cuernavaca, Mexico, and later, Washington, D.C.

Sullivan died on October 11, 2013, one day before his 91st birthday. He is survived by four children and six grandchildren.

title: William H. Sullivan


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Combe (disambiguation)

A combe can refer either to a steep, narrow valley, or to a small valley or large hollow on the side of a hill.

Combe may also refer to:

English place names

 * Combe, Berkshire
 * Combe, Buckfastleigh, Devon
 * Combe, Yealmpton, Devon
 * Combe, Herefordshire
 * Combe, Oxfordshire
 * Combe, Somerset

Cumbria

 * Black Combe

Devon

 * Combe Fishacre
 * Combe Martin
 * Combe Pafford
 * Combe Raleigh
 * Ilfracombe
 * Chambercombe
 * Woolacombe
 * Slewton Combe
 * In Torquay, Devon
 * Ellacombe, Devon
 * Babbacombe
 * Maidencombe

Dorset

 * Combe Almer

Hereford

 * Combe Moor

Oxford

 * Combe Longa, Oxfordshire

Somerset

 * Combe Down
 * Combe Florey
 * Combe Hay
 * Combe St Nicholas
 * Combe Throop/Templecombe
 * Monkton Combe

Surrey

 * Combe Common

Wiltshire

 * Castle Combe

Other uses

 * Combe (surname)
 * Combe (Middle-earth), a fictional village in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings
 * Combe (mythology), name of a character in Greek mythology
 * Kombe people, an ethnic group from Equatorial Guinea
 * Kombe language, spoken by the Combe ethnic group from Equatorial Guinea
 * Combe (business), the company that gave the world Odor Eaters, Clearasil, Lanacane
 * "Combe" (poem), a poem by Patti Smith from her 1978 book Babel (book)
 * Combe Magna, the fictional home of John Willoughby of Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen, in Somersetshire

title: Combe (disambiguation)


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Paulo de Faria

Paulo de Faria is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city has a population of 8,959 inhabitants and an area of 738.4 km². Paulo de Faria belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1938.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Ecological estate
The ecological estate founded under the decree 17,724 (June 23, 1981) is a stational floral park and covers an area of 435 ha (4.35 km²). Situated by the Grande River (near Água Vermelha), characterizes several hills with the elevations around 400 to 495 m. The flowers features jatobá among others.

title: Paulo de Faria


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Anderston

Anderston (Anderstoun, Baile Aindrea ) is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is on the north bank of the River Clyde and forms the south western edge of the city centre. Established as a village of handloom weavers in the early 18th century, Anderston was an independent burgh of barony from 1824 until it was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1846.

The district is served by Anderston railway station. It is bordered by Charing Cross to the north, Blythswood Hill to the east and Finnieston to the west.

Foundation of Anderston
The land on which the present day district of Anderston stands was once known as the Bishop's Forest. These lands, situated to the west of medieval Glasgow, were granted to the Bishop of Glasgow by King James II of Scotland in 1450. The lands of Stobcross, which occupied part of this area, were the property of the Anderson family from the mid-16th century, and here they built their mansion, Stobcross House. Tradition has it that the name came from a wooden cross or ‘stob’ which marked the spot. Stobcross House was demolished in 1875 to make way for Queen's Dock.

Anderston was originally an unproductive section of the Stobcross Estate which was feued out for weavers' cottages in 1725 by James Anderson of Stobcross House. It was named Anderson Town in his honour, later becoming Anderston. The fledgling village of Anderston began close to Gushet Farm, which became Anderston Cross and today is the site of the Kingston Bridge which carries the M8 motorway over the River Clyde. Ownership of the village changed in 1735 when it was taken over by John Orr. In those days Anderston had bleachfields down by the river and Main Street consisted of weavers' cottages along both sides. As business and trade increased so did the size of Anderston. Finnieston, a nearby village was established in 1768 by Matthew Orr, named for the Rev. John Finnie, the Orr family tutor and Finnieston weavers were allowed to become members of Anderston's weavers society from 1774. From its origins as a weavers' village, the area became an industrial centre with the growth of Glasgow's cotton industry and other industries including glassmaking and pottery.

By 1794, the population of the village of Anderston was around 3,900. In the countryside surrounding the village there were many country estates such as Hydepark and Lancefield. These would later be commemorated in the street names of Anderston as the area expanded and became urbanised in the 19th century. The eastern boundary of Anderston was for many years marked by Royalty Stones number 208 and 209, on the north and south sides of the present Argyle Street. The Blythswood Burn had originally flowed through the site, and had marked the eastern boundary of the Stobcross lands. The Royalty Stones stood on the site from around 1782 until they were removed during the comprehensive development which took place in the area in the 1960s and 1970s.

By the late 18th century, Anderston was a thriving community, with its population employed mostly in weaving and related industries such as bleaching, dyeing and printing. Other industries were also thriving by this period, such as the Delftfield Pottery (established 1748), the Anderston Brewery (1760s) and the Verreville Glassworks (1776). The area's first church, the Anderston Relief Church in Heddle Place, was erected in 1770.

The area of Anderston now known as Cranstonhill was known in ancient times as Drumother Hill. It became corrupted to Drumover Hill, the reason for this being a myth that it was the place where vagabonds were escorted to, to the tune of the "Rogues' March", when they were drummed out of town. Alexander Peden prophesied in the 17th century that this hill would one day be the site of the 'Cross of Glasgow.' At that time, the hill stood in open countryside a few miles from the Burgh of Glasgow.

19th century
In the early 19th century, Henry Houldsworth, a cotton mill owner, established a spinning mill on Cheapside Street which was steam powered. In 1809, the Cranstonhill reservoir was built which supplied the village with a direct source of water from the River Clyde. The town was made a Burgh of Barony in 1824 when Anderston's population stood at around 10,000, The first Town Council was elected, with Henry Houldsworth being chosen as the first Provost of Anderston. The council also included three Bailies, eleven councillors and a Treasurer. The Burgh motto was the Latin Alter Alterius Auxilio Veget, which roughly translates as 'the one flourishes by the help of the other.' However, Anderston's status as an independent Burgh would not last long. In 1846 it was incorporated into the City of Glasgow. The last Provost of Anderston was Henry Houldsworth's son, John.

During the rest of the 19th century, the area continued to grow and new industries developed, such as shipbuilding, iron-founding, tool manufacturing and engineering. The close proximity to the docks on the River Clyde meant that Anderston also became an ideal place for the establishment of whisky bonds, grain stores and timber yards. This period also saw the establishment of the famous Cranstonhill (established 1865) and Bilsland Bakeries (1882). Thomas Lipton opened his first shop in Stobcross Street in 1871.

The increase of industry in the area brought a large number of people from the Scottish Lowlands. There was also a large Irish immigrant population moving to the area and by 1831 about a quarter of Anderston's population were Irish. The rapid development of industry in the area also led to a demand for working class housing, and most of the Anderston area was built in the late 19th century, comprising the solid stone tenement buildings which are synonymous with Glasgow. This was also the period when many of Anderston's churches were built to serve the growing community. These included St Mark's Lancefield (1850), St Patrick's RC Church (1850) Anderston Parish Church (1865).

By the close of the 19th century shipping and associated industries had taken over the area and spread to fill the parkland beside the Clyde and the area was densely populated and characterised by back-street workshops and closely packed tenements.

20th century

Throughout the first half of the 20th century, even though it had been a part of Glasgow since 1846, Anderston remained in many respects like a large village within a city. There was a strong sense of local identity (which still survives to this day), with the area being well-served and self-contained in regard to shops, cinemas and places of employment. Like many other similar areas of Glasgow, relatives and friends tended to live locally (often in the same building), and everyone knew everyone else in the area, to a large extent. But this situation would change in the post-war era.

Several buildings in Anderston on Finnieston Street, Hill Street, Hydepark Street and Lancefield Street were destroyed during air raids in May 1941.

After the Second World War, there was a determination by national and local government that something had to be done about the bad housing and overcrowding of the inner city areas which existed in most of the major cities in Britain. The Bruce Report of 1945 led to the concept of 'Comprehensive Development' which meant the total demolition of areas of sub standard housing and slums in the city, so that new, planned communities could be built on the cleared ground. In total, 20 Comprehensive Development Areas were designated in Glasgow, with one of them comprising a large part of Anderston.

Although Anderston's housing problems were no worse than many other areas of Glasgow, Anderston was made an area for priority treatment as the need to improve Glasgow's road network had led to the plans for building a motorway through the city. The route of this motorway was to go through Anderston Cross, the traditional heart of the community, and the plan for the comprehensive development of the area was approved in 1961. The new Anderston would therefore be divided into three zones; a Commercial Zone devoted to office space and commerce on the eastern fringe of the city centre, and bordered on the west by the new ring road, a Residential Zone consisting of new housing estates to the immediate east and an Industrial Zone to the south east.

The work on the road network and the demolition of housing progressed throughout the 1960s. By the following decade, the new Anderston bore little resemblance to the old area. The high density housing and streets full of tenements had been swept away, and most of the residents had been rehoused in places such as Knightswood, Easterhouse, Cumbernauld, Drumchapel and East Kilbride. In 1951, the population had stood at 31,902; by 1971, it had dropped to 9,265 as a result of redevelopment.

There were two major fires in Anderston in the 1960s. The first occurred in March 1960 on Cheapside Street when a whisky bond caught fire and exploded. The explosion occurred over an hour after the initial fire and caused part of the building to collapse on top of three fire engines and trapped firemen beneath rubble. Fourteen firemen and five salvage corps workers were killed. The second fire occurred in November 1968 in a factory on James Watt Street. The fire trapped twenty-two workers who could not get through the windows which were barred.

Many of the tenement blocks in the area were demolished in the 1970s to make way for the M8 motorway and Kingston Bridge and Anderston Cross was replaced by the Anderston Centre. The idea was not a success, and by the 1980s the centre's many covered underpasses and service roads had become a notorious red light district, with prostitution a major activity in both Anderston and neighbouring Blythswood Hill in the evening.

21st century
However, with the exponential growth of Glasgow's flourishing new financial district, by the turn of the 21st century, Anderston's fortunes seemed to be improving. New ultra-modern office developments, international hotels and new residential buildings have sprung up, which have improved the look and reputation of the area markedly. After original plans to demolish them, the three tower blocks of the Anderston Centre were saved in favour of refurbishment, after they transferred to the Glasgow West Housing Association.

As of 2010 the blocks were being externally reclad to match the design of private developments going up adjacent. In 2011, work began on demolishing much of the original 1960s housing estate to the east of the motorway, including the Shaftesbury tower, and restoring portions of the original street plan including Argyle Street. The development, by Sanctuary Scotland, received multiple awards and also features a statue of Charles Rennie Mackintosh (designed by Andy Scott) as its centrepiece.

Education
Anderston Primary School (1973), a non-denominational state school, is located on Port Street in Anderston.

St Patrick's Roman Catholic Primary School (1962) is situated on Perth Street in Anderston. It opened in 1962.

Sports teams
The area is home to football team Anderston Athletic who play in the Glasgow Colleges FA - Division 2.

List of the Provosts of Anderston

 * Henry Houldsworth 1824–32
 * Angus McAlpine 1832–33
 * Patrick McNaught 1833–35
 * James Turnbull 1835–37
 * Henry Houldsworth 1837–39
 * James Jarvie 1839–42
 * John Miller 1842–43
 * John Houldsworth 1843–46

Notable people

 * Sir Billy Connolly (born 1942) – comedian, musician and actor
 * Daniel Cottier (1838–1891) – artist and designer
 * Arthur Henderson (1863–1935) – former Leader of the Labour Party, Home Secretary, Foreign Secretary and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
 * Peter Keenan (1928–2000) – British, European and British Empire boxing champion
 * Johann Lamont (born 1957) – former leader of the Scottish Labour Party and Member of the Scottish Parliament
 * Sir Thomas Lipton (1848-1931) – businessman, entrepreneur and yachtsman
 * Roddy McMillan (1923-1979) – actor and playwright
 * Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn (1945–2018) – former Labour Member of Parliament (MP) and Speaker of the House of Commons
 * Alex Mosson (born 1940) – former Labour councillor and Lord Provost of Glasgow
 * Tony Roper (born 1941) – actor, comedian, playwright and writer
 * Eddi Reader (born 1959) – singer/songwriter

title: Anderston