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Bob & Rose

Bob & Rose is a British television drama, originally screened in six one-hour episodes on the ITV network in the UK in Autumn 2001. It was produced by the independent Red Production Company, and was that company's first prime-time drama for the ITV network.

Bob & Rose was the inspiration for Jules & Mimi, the fictional British television show featured in Sex and the City.

Production
The series was written by Russell T Davies, who had previously been responsible for the much-discussed Channel 4 drama Queer as Folk, another Red Production Company programme.

Bob was played by stand-up comedian and actor Alan Davies (no relation to writer Russell), who was at the time best known for his lead role in the BBC television mystery series Jonathan Creek. Rose was played by actress Lesley Sharp, who was nominated for the BAFTA and Royal Television Society Best Actress awards for the part. Although critically well-received, Bob & Rose was not a huge success in terms of audience share for ITV, and the final two episodes were relegated from prime-time to later night slots.

Plot
The story follows the life of gay school teacher Bob who is fed up with the shallowness of the gay club scene in Manchester. A romantic at heart, Bob yearns to meet the right person and settle down. After yet another unsuccessful date, he meets Rose while they are both waiting for a taxi cab. Rose is disenchanted with her down-to-earth boyfriend and is smitten with Bob but she does not initially realise he is gay. Subsequent episodes chart their on-off love affair which is bedeviled by the activities of Bob's best friend Holly. Holly (Jessica Hynes) is secretly in love with Bob and does everything she can to quietly interfere with Bob's relationships with men because she does not want to lose him. Privately she is lonely and her only social life is through Bob and the gay clubs he visits. When Rose suddenly appears on the scene, Holly sees her as a threat, stalks her and may (or may not – the plot leaves the final matter in doubt) conspire with Bob's former boyfriend Carl to split Bob and Rose up. A situation is created which suggests Bob may have had a one-night stand with Carl and Holly deliberately preys on Rose's insecurities and creates further doubts. Eventually, she outright lies to Rose.

The story also follows the attempts of Rose's mother to find a reliable boyfriend, and Bob's campaigning mother who runs a fictional gay support group called "Parents Against Homophobia" (PAH!). The series is a gentle romantic comedy with each episode managing to end at an emotional or comic climax – as when Bob follows Rose down the street after they argue in a pub. He admits that their first heterosexual sex act has confused him but he wants to do it again. Equally confused, Rose turns towards the camera and unromantically says: "Oh bollocks!" and the credits roll.

The script takes some shrewd looks at emotions and motivations but also contrasts the different atmosphere and attitudes within gay and straight UK night clubs – as in the scene where a straight man cannot get into a straight club wearing trainers but the gay men can enter their club wearing skimpy satin sports clothes. One important scene which explains Bob's disenchantment with the gay clubs comes when he is approached by an attractive man who talks only about physical acts. Bob, desperate to be regarded as an individual replies: "I’m a Capricorn".

The series has an up-beat ending which manages to resolve issues for all the main characters – even Holly eventually learns from her mistakes and blossoms into a person in her own right. Bob and Rose find happiness and Carl gets an angelic dream date.

Cast

 * Lesley Sharp as Rose Cooper
 * Alan Davies as Robert Gossage
 * Penelope Wilton as Monica Gossage, Bob's mother.
 * John Woodvine as William Gossage, Bob's father.
 * Jessica Hynes as Holly Vance, Bob's best friend.
 * Katy Cavanagh as Anita Kendrick
 * Siobhan Finneran as Marina Marquess
 * Daniel Ryan as Andy Lewis
 * Barbara Marten as Carol Cooper, Rose's mother.

Controversy
As with Queer as Folk, Bob & Rose involved homosexuality as a key theme. The storyline involves a gay man falling in love with a woman and was loosely based on events in the real life of a friend of Russell T Davies. This storyline caused an uproar among some gay rights activists who felt that the series premise made it appear as if being gay was a choice or a phase, which then generated a strong counter-reaction by bisexuals who called the criticism unfair. However, the 'Bob' character states categorically in the script that he is not bisexual saying: "I was born gay, I’ll die gay and I’ll have a gay gravestone". He says that he was attracted to Rose as a person and not as a gender choice. He says he will 'always look at men' but Rose is the only woman for him.

Home media
The entire series of six episodes was released on DVD on 15 April 2002 in the United Kingdom and on 17 February 2004 in the United States. The age certificate for the DVD in the United Kingdom is 15.

In 2020, the series was added to BritBox in the UK. This is, according to Russell T Davies, the first time the series has been made available either in rerun or streaming in the UK due to complex music licensing issues. For release on BritBox, Red Productions replaced most of the music and also edited a key scene involving the viewing of the football match.

title: Bob & Rose


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Marcel Riesz

Marcel Riesz (Riesz Marcell ; 16 November 1886 – 4 September 1969) was a Hungarian mathematician, known for work on summation methods, potential theory, and other parts of analysis, as well as number theory, partial differential equations, and Clifford algebras. He spent most of his career in Lund, Sweden.

Marcel is the younger brother of Frigyes Riesz, who was also an important mathematician and at times they worked together (see F. and M. Riesz theorem).

Biography
Marcel Riesz was born in Győr, Austria-Hungary. He was the younger brother of the mathematician Frigyes Riesz. In 1904, he won the Loránd Eötvös competition. Upon entering the Budapest University, he also studied in Göttingen, and the academic year 1910-11 he spent in Paris. Earlier, in 1908, he attended the 1908 International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome. There he met Gösta Mittag-Leffler, in three years, Mittag-Leffler would offer Riesz to come to Sweden.

Riesz obtained his PhD at Eötvös Loránd University under the supervision of Lipót Fejér. In 1911, he moved to Sweden, where from 1911 to 1925 he taught at Stockholm University.

From 1926 to 1952, he was a professor at Lund University. According to Lars Gårding, Riesz arrived in Lund as a renowned star of mathematics, and for a time his appointment may have seemed like an exile. Indeed, there was no established school of mathematics in Lund at the time. However, Riesz managed to turn the tide and make the academic atmosphere more active.

Retired from the Lund University, he spent 10 years at universities in the United States. As a visiting research professor, he worked in Maryland, Chicago, etc.

After ten years of intense work with little rest, he suffered a breakdown. Riesz returned to Lund in 1962. After a long illness, he died there in 1969.

Riesz was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1936.

Classical analysis
The work of Riesz as a student of Fejér in Budapest was devoted to trigonometric series:

 * $$ \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left\{ a_n \cos (nx) + b_n \sin(nx) \right\}.\, $$

One of his results states that if

 * $$ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{|a_n|+|b_n|}{n^2} < \infty,\, $$

and if the Fejer means of the series tend to zero, then all the coefficients an and bn are zero.

His results on summability of trigonometric series include a generalisation of Fejér's theorem to Cesàro means of arbitrary order. He also studied the summability of power and Dirichlet series, and coauthored a book on the latter with G.H. Hardy.

In 1916, he introduced the Riesz interpolation formula for trigonometric polynomials, which allowed him to give a new proof of Bernstein's inequality.

He also introduced the Riesz function Riesz(x), and showed that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the bound as x → ∞, for any ε > 0.

Together with his brother Frigyes Riesz, he proved the F. and M. Riesz theorem, which implies, in particular, that if μ is a complex measure on the unit circle such that

 * $$ \int z^n d\mu(z) = 0, n=1,2,3\cdots,\, $$

then the variation |μ| of μ and the Lebesgue measure on the circle are mutually absolutely continuous.

Functional-analytic methods
Part of the analytic work of Riesz in the 1920s used methods of functional analysis.

In the early 1920s, he worked on the moment problem, to which he introduced the operator-theoretic approach by proving the Riesz extension theorem (which predated the closely related Hahn–Banach theorem).

Later, he devised an interpolation theorem to show that the Hilbert transform is a bounded operator in Lp (1 < p < ∞). The generalisation of the interpolation theorem by his student Olaf Thorin is now known as the Riesz–Thorin theorem.

Riesz also established, independently of Andrey Kolmogorov, what is now called the Kolmogorov–Riesz compactness criterion in Lp: a subset K ⊂Lp(Rn) is precompact if and only if the following three conditions hold: (a) K is bounded;

(b) for every ε > 0 there exists R > 0 so that

 * $$ \int_{|x|>R} |f(x)|^p dx < \epsilon^p\,$$

for every f ∈ K;

(c) for every ε > 0 there exists ρ > 0 so that

 * $$ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |f(x+y)-f(x)|^p dx < \epsilon^p\,$$

for every y ∈ Rn with |y| < ρ, and every f ∈ K.

Potential theory, PDE, and Clifford algebras
After 1930, the interests of Riesz shifted to potential theory and partial differential equations. He made use of "generalised potentials", generalisations of the Riemann–Liouville integral. In particular, Riesz discovered the Riesz potential, a generalisation of the Riemann–Liouville integral to dimension higher than one.

In the 1940s and 1950s, Riesz worked on Clifford algebras. His 1958 lecture notes, the complete version of which was only published in 1993, were dubbed by the physicist David Hestenes "the midwife of the rebirth" of Clifford algebras.

Students
Riesz's doctoral students in Stockholm include Harald Cramér and Einar Carl Hille. In Lund, Riesz supervised the theses of Otto Frostman, Lars Gårding, Lars Hörmander, and Olof Thorin.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Marcel Riesz


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Talk:Troy (film)

Historical accuracy
I have changed the title of the subsection from "Historical Accuracy" to "Deviations from Homer's version of the myth" since the former is misleading; there is no "historical" accuracy for a legendary tale, just different versions of the myth. The actual events regarding the archaeological remains associated with the myths in Iliad are extremely uncertain at best. See for example - kostas
 * What that misses is the section also discusses how accurate the movie was to what life and war may have been like in the time of the Trojan war. So your new title obscures that. Perhaps those parts should be split into separate sections. Historical accuracy and "Deviations from Homer's version of the myth"
 * I feel the change is in place. I've added your explanation to the article. If enough information is gathered, you can always add an additional section. Spikeballs 19:01, May 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course the change is in place. It was changed and has not been reverted. That says nothing about whether it is correct or not. All you're doing is changing the meaning of what was there and changing the heading to go along with that. The beginning paragraph and the end paragraph about the gods could be seen as assessing the historical accuracy of the film. Well at least they used to. See this diff from only about two months ago. - Taxman 13:34, May 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean. I feel this was a natural evolution of the section, though. How about "Historical Accuracy and Comparision to other Versions" for a section title? Or something of the sort, anyway. Spikeballs 14:10, May 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Taxman what do you mean "The beginning paragraph and the end paragraph about the gods could be seen as assessing the historical accuracy of the film"? I've looked at the history and found nothing of that discusses or ever discussed anything regarding the historical accuracy of the film. You don't seriously believe that there were gods intervening in some wars at the Aegean that were taking place around 1300 bc? The difference is simply that in Homer's version of a myth (that could possibly be based on oral tradition of some events that did actually take place, of which however there is scarce archaeological evidence) the gods had a central role, while in the movie their existense in only implied. Again, look at the reference I gave above to see what I mean. - kostas

 * I changed "no historical accuracy" to "very little if any historical accuracy", since although it hasnt been conclusivley proven it is likely that the Iliad had its orgins in reality, but the degree that this is true is unknown- hence the ambiguity in the edited statement.- Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg 07:48, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

There seem to be several discrepancies between the disputed facts in this article and the mythology in the Achilles article. For example in the Achilles article it clearly says that in one version of the story Hector killed Patroclus thinking he was Achilles, in this article there was a sentence saying that he knew it wasn't Achilles when he killed him. I removed this sentence because i remember it from the Illiad, however there are several other disputed facts that I saw in some of the other greek mythology articles. I am hesitant to delete these though because I dont recall those details from the original story.

-- I took out the part about Hector's piety and non-belief in omens as being inaccurate...  In the Iliad, Hector does balk at his seer's words, when the Trojans are at the gate of Achaean's camp, the seer sees an eagle with a snake in its talons, but the snake bites and kills the eagle. Anyway, at this point Hector blows off the seer and his omen and says one of the best lines in the Iliad, "Fight for your country, that is the first and only omen!"

Deviations from Homer's version of the myth
This section makes the articles unreadable. Let's make it three-times-shorter and more to-the-point. Spikeballs 17:39, August 13, 2005 (UTC)

How about organizing them "chronologically" and/or using a side by side comparrisson between the two. I feel that would improve matters. Or it could be divided into additions, omissions, and deviations

Separate article? 129.170.202.34 21:03, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

I learned recently that Achilles and Patroclus were actually not cousins but lover.--ddebiasi/ddebiasi
 * Then you shoved the unsourced claim into the cast listing. Wrong place and wrong manner to include it in the article. Niteshift36 (talk) 15:33, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

There are so many lines in this section that read "in mythology", yet there are various sources for these myhts (most notably the Iliad, Odyssey and Aeneid of course). This should be rewritten to include these as refrences, i.e. instead of saying "in mythology..." have it read something along the lines of "in The Aeneid...". This would clarify for people not familiar with these stories, and if they wanted to look into them more, this would provide the opportunity. KurtFF8 05:09, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Another good source you might want to look at is The Oresteia, though I don't think there's anything here that needs that particular trilogy of plays. Anyway, I changed something which (basically) said patroclus and Achilles were unrelated, because they were 1st cousins once removed ;)--68.32.206.71 23:08, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

There are a lot of paragraphs beginning with 'in the movie'. I think that this section needs at least a good copy-edit.

Also, would Homer's use of the Greek pantheon be considered 'dei ex machinis'? I think at least some reference should be made to the literary device. -- Sasuke Sarutobi 22:34, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

This is obscene. The section on deviations is over 2,500 words. The entire entry on the Iliad itself is just over 3,500; the combined comparison sections for all three LotR films is sizably less. This needs some severe abridging. Which has been done. If anyone has a problem, they can say something; this isn't a place to post an essay on all the sundry differences between the Iliad and Troy, and people can read the movie synopsis and the book summary without them both being compressed into one passage.Malichai 02:24, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Biggest innacuraccy is that as far as I do remember Homer, Achiles died BEFORE Trojan horse and was not part of Troy fall. This was to do epic death while speaking to loved one (again dieing way too long) and is pure Hoolywood. That kind of kills the movie as myth to movie. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rastavox (talk • contribs) 06:38, 18 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I think I've been watching this movie (and others) possibly a bit too much. While reading Achilles (the Wikipedia page), my imagination made my own cut of the movie starring Angelina Jolie as Penthesilea (with a wink and a grin, I categorically deny that her role in Beowulf has anything to do with it.) Memnon, predictably enough, was played by Samuel L. Jackson, and Cressida was Maureen O'Brien reprising the role from her earlier experience. In the actual movie, I'm a little disappointed after reading of Asteropaeus wounding Achilles in the elbow, that they should have had one of Boagrius' spears nick him there; it would have been a fitting companion to his line for the Messenger Boy (I like to capitalize that because of how he says "That's why no one will remember your name") "I wouldn't be bothering with a shield, now would I?" It was obviously inevitable that that Nathan Jones went down early and hard; I wished he had lasted as long as he did in Fearless. But Ajax going down early at the hands of Hector really sucked. It isn't just how it differs from Iliad, but I really liked his character and Tyler Mane's portrayal. I think if directed properly (sorry, Mr. Peterson) Ajax/Tyler Mane and Odysseus/Sean Bean could have tag-teamed with an even more passionate and ruthless Achilles/Brad Pitt and made a movie just as unforgettable as the war itself, even if it would still be a dramatization of a dramatization. Featherwinglove (talk) 17:27, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

One thing that might be worth mentioning somewhere in the article is how Troy is more secular in tone than the original Iliad. In the Iliad, the gods appear as characters and influence the story's action, but the movie has none of that. Characters make reference to the gods, but there's no indication that the gods exist. There's no mention of Thetis being a nymph or a sea goddess, nor is there any reference to the golden apples or the judgment of Paris (instead we're just told that he and Helen are having an affair). Anyone else think these are points worth making? I hate to just plop it into the article if I'm the only one who thinks it's relevant. Moloch dhalgren (talk) 00:42, 5 July 2015 (UTC)
 * David Benioff talks about his decision to omit the gods from his screenplay here: http://www.screenwritersutopia.com/article/d158312f. Moloch dhalgren (talk) 01:10, 5 July 2015 (UTC)

modernization arguements?
Right now this constitutes original research. Add some citations or I will delete 129.170.202.3 08:07, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Music
Article says nothing about music in this movie (tracks? composer?). I`m interested because, in my oppinion, music is (quite often) strikingly simmilar to that from "Enemy at the Gates ", as if it is a variation of the latter: music heared during battles seems as if derived from music heared during the Red Army`s disasterous charge from the beginnning of "Enemy at Gates". Also, several tones heared often in dangerous situations or twists in "Enemy at Gates" (notably when Zaitsev finds Maj. Koning`s cigarette) is often heared in "Troy" as well (also in dangerous situations). Any other oppinions?

Veljko Stevanovich Dec. 28. 2005. 18:45 UTC+1

 * Ok, so James Horner wrote the music for both films. That explains a lot.

 * Veljko Stevanovich Jan. 1. 2006. 20:05 UTC+1

 * James Horner is known for reusing the same melodies and such for many projects. It can be either interesting or frustrating, depends on the user. –ArmadniGeneral (talk • contribs) 20:43, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That "danger theme" is always used when James Horner has no more ideas and needs to fill the scene with some music. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Surten (talk • contribs) 05:07, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Unused Score
About Yared's rejected music, the article says a bootleg copy can be found in the internet. I beg to differ. A friend of mine has a recording from a German studio, with Yared's original score. --200.76.103.98 (talk) 02:03, 1 February 2008 (UTC)Surten

Neoptolemus
Is the "side-note" about Neoptolemus really necessary? He's not in the movie, and this section seems to take the myths way too literally. Neoptolemus suffers from soap-opera-child syndrome, and I don't think it's useful to try to explain the story logically (especially not here where it's completely irrelevant). Adam Bishop 16:40, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with you. It is irrelevent mentioning about Neoptolemus as this article concentrates on the film. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  20:38, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Paris and Hellen ages
It says that Hellen must be a generation younger that Paris, but in one version, Paris sees Hellen in the eyes of Aphrodite and falls in love. This means that Hellen wasn´t a generation younger than Páris. Maybe Achilles were, but not Hellen.

Plane in film
In the film a plane is spoted I dont have a picture but when Brad Pitt decaps the statue at the temple a plane can be seen over his right shoulder so should this be added as trivia or even be added at all

 * I'm watching the film right now- pausing and rewinding... there is no plane.

-G

In fact there is no plane in the movie. I too paused and rewinded the movie a lot of time. The plane is only in a photomontage which was repeatedly posted in Internet Alaksandu 02:56, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Paragraph removed
I removed this paragraph for the "Deviations" section:

The movie Troy cast a conventially good-looking blond, blue-eyed, fair-skinned German actress in the role of Helen. In mythology, Helen was "the most beautiful woman in the world", and described by the English playwright Christopher Marlowe in Doctor Faustus as "the face that launched a thousand ships." Modern critics snidely quipped that while Helen of the film Troy could have launched 100 ships, she wasn't beautiful enough to launch 1,000.

I think this paragraph is ridiculous, opinionated, and irrelevant. First of all, this is not a difference between the film and the book. It's just someone saying that Helen isn't as beautiful in the movie as they had pictured while reading Homer's poem. Second, what's with that last line? I never read a review of this movie that stated that. It's a line that some random person made up. In any case, this paragraph has no place in this article. Period. 2Pac 23:39, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with what you said, that paragraph was stupid. Good job. :)

Yoda921 04:47, 23 January 2007 (UTC)Yoda

I agree with that, too. Spartan198 (talk) 08:36, 4 May 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

Helen's Beauty
From the changes in this page it looks like there's been a lot of discussion about how beautiful Helen was in the film as opposed to how beautiful she should be, and I think we need to accept that it's a film, she's an actress, none of the actors are really Greek and move on. It's irrelevant that she's German or blond. In particular, I'm referring to the paragraph:

"However, the movie makes a point in a key silent scene on why this Helen (and perhaps the historical one, too) was considered so beautiful. In the scene, after running away with her, Paris is escorting Helen on a chariot through Troy for the first time. Here, there are shots of dark-haired, dark-eyed, tanned-skinned women dominating the features of Troy's female population. The women all look testily on the movie's Helen, perhaps jealous of her different coloring, perhaps upset that war is coming over her."

In the Iliad, Helen is referred to as 'golden', but it's not clear whether this means she's blonde, or if she's wearing a lot of gold, as the Greek women of that age did. In any case, such a loaded discussion of her 'coloring' is a bit dodgy, and I think we're better off not reading into it that much; it's not referred to at all in the film and seems unnecessary here. Unless someone can come up with a compelling argument to keep it, please remove.

Archaic Greek poet Ibycus expressly says that Helen was blond-haired (S 151 Davies)Alaksandu 02:51, 15 July 2007 (UTC))

Apart from the fact that it's just a film, blond hair can be found among us Greeks-it is nearly as frequent as red hair is in most north European countries-our percent is relatively low, however it's not negligible.

Homosexual Overtones
The comments re: Patroclus and Achilles being lovers are not exactly accurate. When the story was put on paper around 750 B.C., homosexuality as a social norm wasn't widely practiced. The fact that the Classical Greeks viewed Achilles and Patroclus as lovers reflects an interpretation shaped by the society of the day. Homosexual pairings arose around the 600s in partial response to the sweeping reorganization of the city-state. Those nuances extended to other older myths as well-- Zeus and Ganymede for instance. Achilles also states fairly clearly in the text that he loves Briesis. So yes, while the movie does not follow the true plot of the "Illiad", it's unfair to fault it because Achilles and Patroclus weren't gay. Just some thoughts.Ea10 08:53, 23 December 2006 (UTC) ea10

It's not a faithful reference, but I remember hearing once that with the greeks, it wasn't ill-viewed that a man would have a male lover, and still have a family with a wife and kids. That would explain Achilles and Patroclus' relationship.

The paragraph says that at the beginning of the movie, Achilles is shown sleeping naked with a male and a female, I have seen that section in slow motion, over and over, and I am pretty convinced that its two females he is sleeping with. Anybody else notice that? Saurabh Rahurkar 14:48, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

It's definitely two women. The Director's Cut clearly shows female anatomy. Spartan198 (talk) 08:39, 4 May 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

One thing is clear: the screenwriter David Beniof, obviously thought that Achilles and Patroclus were lovers, as he went to such great lengths to recast their relationship in a heterosexual context. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lorzu (talk • contribs) 08:24, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

Orlando Bloom and Sean Bean
Does anyone else agree that it should be mentioned somewhere in this article that this is the second time that Orlando Bloom and Sean Beanhave worked together? I would think it's very notable, considering that it was only, what, three or so years since they acted together on The Lord of the Rings, with Sean as Boromir and Orlando as Legolas. Do I have permission to add this? WickedWitchoftheWest 03:24, 04 January 2007

 * Well it's not necessarily important. In fact, it doesn't seem important at all. However it could be placed under trivia if you felt it needed to be mentioned. Just my opinion.

Yoda921 04:46, 23 January 2007 (UTC)Yoda

 * You're using the wrong word for this---"important" / "unimportant". The word you guys want is "relevance". Is Bloom and Bean having worked together 3 years ago in Jackson's Lord of the Rings relevant to this movie Troy?
 * Nope. Nothing to do with Troy. It's nothing more than a typical Wikipedian fixation with a particular actor or two. The person who said it doesn't seem important but could be placed in the trivia section: man, you completely miss the point of WP. Wikipedia is not a repository for the personal fixations and irrelevant trivia of contributors. If it has no relevance to the topic it has no place in the article. Simple, really.
 * The ironic incongruity of WP's film articles is the triumph of contributors in doing just the opposite by building up a steady mound of fluff in "Trivia" sections in each film article. Those Trivia sections are really special sections set aside for contributors who love to add irrelevant garbage. Please stop navel-gazing guys and stay on-topic. Arbo (talk)

erm, is this wiki material?
"Achilles wrestles her down and kisses her lustfully while moving his hand down her bare thigh. (He's naked himself.) Achilles and Briseis have sex."

I think the above should be changed to something a little more subtle. Seems like something you'd find on literotica.com ... not that I know anything about that sort of thing :X. --Flvg94 22:45, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Llamas in the Movie
At the start of minute 34 of the movie there is a scene in a street market where some llamas passing by can be seen. Llamas are animals natural from Peru, a country located in the east central part of South America, and by no means lived in the Midle East at the time of Achilles. Apparently this was a mistake by the movie makers due to their lack of knowledge about these animals.

LAJT

I don't think the llamas in the movie is a mistake. Maybe it's true that those animals are from Peru, but that time Troy is the richest city in the world that is why Agamemnon was so eager to conquer it. Furthermore, Troy is located near the Aegean Sea which was the center of trade at that time, and those llamas may probably brought by traders on the other side of the Aegean.

Scalpelexis23 (talk) 01:58, 2 June 2009 (UTC)scalpelexis23 June 2, 2009 10:00 AM
 * I don't think that makes sense. The Aegean Sea is a relatively small bit of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey. I doubt anyone in that part of the world was trading with South America during the Bronze Age when the Trojian War is supposed to have happened. Considering llamas have never lived outside of the Americas without being imported I'd say it's probably a plot hole. Maybe someone wasn't thinking and just wanted an exotic yet domesticated looking animal.
 * Having said all that though it's a relatively small point and probably not worth adding to the article. Danikat (talk) 08:46, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

It's definitely not worth including in the article, but I just need to add that Llamas were unknown in the old world until the arrival of the conquistadors in South America: so it's definitely a plot hole.--Life in General (Talk) 21:22, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Ajax the Greater
Why is Ajax killed in this movie? It is obviously the big man with the hammer although to my knowledge his name is never mentioned in the film, but old descriptions of the man match the actor in the film. He shouldn't be killed at Troy, does anyone know why the director decided to do so? Mallerd 19:03, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Why not? They didn't get anything else right either. Adam Bishop 19:05, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, they did manage to depict Achilles' insanity well, although that is my opinion. Mallerd 20:34, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ajax dies at Troy. He falls on his own sword, which is caused by Odysseus not himself being named as Achilles's successor. For obvious reasons, he cannot outlive Achilles only to die later - the whole drama would be spoilt. He did fight with Hector, and I agree that killing him off was a good call. He is named: Achilles speaks to him briefly. Fuzzibloke (talk) 20:44, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Ajax was killed to show the bravery of Hector and how Heroic and strong he was in battle. Ajax was a very strong fighter and they wanted to show him strong against Hector, but not as smart. (Username: Chiodos2008) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chiodos2008 (talk • contribs) 16:19, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Biased
Doesn't anyone else think this movie is at all biased toward the Greeks? It's so clear! In the sacking of the city, the Greeks are posed as barbarians, but does anyone actually know this happened? Shckleford       (24/10/2007)
 * I agree, but I don't know why. Sorry. But Agamemnon is undeniably a "bad guy" - only Odysseus and Patroclus are "good" Greeks. Fuzzibloke (talk) 20:45, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

I disagree. If it had been reversed, and the Trojans were sacking Mycenae, they'd have done pretty much the same thing to the Greek populace. It was just the way things worked back then. But, nonetheless, Wikipedia's not a forum. Spartan198 (talk) 08:44, 4 May 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

You claim that the movie is biased towards the Greeks, but why would the director and his team glorify the Trojans? They lost! Look at all the historical documentries around focusing on WW2, they are nearly all biased towards the Allies. Reason being is that they won! Also, you don't lose thousands of men in the succesful capturing of a city just to walk away after you're done, leaving the place standing and possibly able to rise to power again. Any ancient force would sack the city for wealth and honour back home. And of course, any force would look like barbarians in the process. As Spartan said, that was how things worked back then. No international media around to scrutinise their actions.  A Prodigy   ~In Pursuit of Perfection ~ 20:00, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

I think even in the comments above there's confusion--my reading is that the first writer is alleging a bias against the Greeks, not for them. In any case, I think there's a certain point of view bias in favor of the Greeks, not that there's anything wrong with that. For all the changes, the story is essentially based on the Iliad. The Iliad was a Greek epic, it naturally takes their point of view. I think what is interesting is that Homer is full of praise and admiration for Priam and especially for Hector, despite Hector's cowardice at the very end. While the Iliad is told from a Greek view point Homer has a fairly neutral view in terms of laying blame or making moral judgments on either side as a whole; morally he spends more time reflecting on the individual heros of both sides rather than 'Greeks v. Trojans'. I thought the movie did an excellent job of bringing out the moral ambiguity, especially in the director's cut. Agamemnon is practically demonized; Greeks are shown as murderous pillagers, the Trojans are given a certain nobility in defeat. That said its still undeniably, like the Iliad, centered on the Greek view, especially with the focus on Achilles as a protagonist and the admiring treatment of Odysseus. I think _Troy_ can be criticized for many thing but one of the things it did right was to reflect the Iliad's tacit neutrality.

Incidentally, the destruction of the city and murdering of the babies etc. is definitely a recorded part of the original legend, to answer the original question. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.34.62.46 (talk) 04:47, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Plot
The plot section is already way too long...people keep adding to it, seemingly only for the purpose of turning the Achilles and Briseis section into pornography. The whole section needs pruning. Adam Bishop (talk) 21:50, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

It is arguable that the w hole depiction of the Achilles and Briseis relationship in this film is offensive in itself, because it romantisizes the relationship between a potential rapist and his victim who goes on to develop Stockholm Syndrome. jessicamh — Preceding unsigned comment added by JessicaMH (talk • contribs) 18:53, 7 October 2011 (UTC) JessicaMH (talk) 11:21, 8 October 2011 (UTC)JessicaMHJessicaMH (talk) 11:21, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

I agree with you, lady, it's Stockholm Syndrome for sure.¬¬¬¬workoutsforbreakfast¬¬¬¬ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Workoutsforbreakfast (talk • contribs) 09:05, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * That is a point best left to a reception section (where we can note the countless reviews that made the same observation) or a themes section. In the plot section, we report what's on the screen and not our interpretations of those events.  If the writers/director made comments to that effect, then we could note it in the plot with a ref pointing to the source where they said such.  If the two actors mentioned that point, it would be a good item to include in a cast/casting section.  I suggest looking over the film project manual of style and WP:FILMPLOT for more information.  Millahnna (talk) 09:21, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Hey, can you point me to reviews that made the same observation about Stockholm Syndrome? I could do with reading them, e for a project of my own? This lady's reference to it's the first I've come across on the web despite typing in key words. Thanks in advance. Workoutsforbreakfast (talk) 09:45, 8 October 2011 (UTC)workoutsforbreakfastWorkoutsforbreakfast (talk) 09:45, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Sorry I don't have any links handy I just remember reading it a lot at the time of the film's release. I agree with the assessment myself, but since it wasn't a plot point that was elaborated on it would just be viewer interpretation to include it here.  I'm guessing that "troy film reviews stockholm" should turn up results.  I think a couple of the reviews I read at the time touched on the concept but without using the actual phrase, though, so it may be a bit harder to track down.  09:51, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Thank you Millahnna, for your compliment on my article on 'Briseis and Stockholm Syndrome' in 'thefword'. I wish I could use it for a seperate atricle on this site, but the copyright now belongs to 'the f word' editorial team, I believe. I'm glad you and Workouts agree with that interpretation. JessicaMH (talk)JessicaMHJessicaMH (talk) 11:34, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * If there's a wikia out there that covers the film, it might go very well there. I know some months back the film project here discussed movie wikias in connection to another issue (long film plot summaries) but I can't recall if such a site was listed.  Definitely something to look into.  Millahnna (talk) 12:17, 8 October 2011 (UTC)
 * The F word is not a reliable source and can't be used on the site, regardless of copyright. Niteshift36 (talk) 13:53, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Death of Agamemnon
Reading through the discussion page, I see that there was once a section describing how the film deviated from Greek and Latin accounts of the events of Troy. Perhaps it was too long, too bloated, I don't know. Apparently this section no longer exists.

While I don't think it's necessary or desirable to detail every single way in which the film differs from the Iliad, I think it should at least be mentioned somewhere that the death of Agamemnon was a RADICAL departure from Greek mythology. In any event it contradicts the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Oresteia, making it impossible for Agamemnon to return and be murdered, invalidating any revenge by Orestes, leaving no conclusion to the curse on the House of Atreus. You would think that would merit at least a passing mention in the article. zadignose (talk) 10:02, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Correction in the plot about Achilles weakness...
Achilles is not invulnerable in the movie, he says so himself in the beginning of the film and has no weak spot in his heel (his heel is of course as vulnerable as any other part of his body in the movie, that includes being pierced by arrows).

I replaced the original paragraph << Paris manages to find Achilles and shoots an arrow that goes straight through Achilles' fatal weakness, his heel. Crippled, he is then hit in the chest by several more arrows, but is able to remove them. Though the wound to his ankle proves decisive. >> with this one << Paris manages to find Achilles and shoots an arrow that goes straight through Achilles'heel. Crippled, he turns to face him but is hit in the chest by several more arrows, despite pleads from Briseis. Though he removes them, he is fatally wounded and unable to fight. >> . Achilles is killed by being shot 3 times in the main body, not from the one shot in his heel (which still cripples him of course)

Achilles knowledge of his death
I removed this line

"*The premise that Achilles goes to Troy knowing he will die in exchange for glory is contradicted in Book XI of the Odyssey, where the ghost of Achilles tells Odysseus "I would rather be a paid servant in a poor man's house and be above ground than king of kings among the dead."Homer. The Iliad & The Odyssey. Trans. Samuel Butler. p. 568. ISBN 9781435110434"

as, while it is true Achilles says that in the Odyssey, that is after he died, and is regretting it. In the Iliad he is aware that he will die there, but thinks that the glory he will gain is worth it. Unless someone can show me something to the contrary? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eldaran (talk • contribs) 03:09, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Can we expand "Reaction"
So far, I'm enjoying reading all of the 'talks' happening here. Just wanna pass by and say 'hi'.

-Janella E.

I'm more specifically interested in seeing the reviews of several critics, why it was a box office disappointment in the U.S., Etc. etc.

I agree. I'd like to see some of the more critical reviews of the time by critics of such a commercialised travesty of The Iliad. I thought the Achilles as played by Pitt was a real character assassination of the Achilles of Homer. I know a couple of academics claimed to take it seriously at the time, not sure how serious they were. People ignorant of The Iliad really thought that the action of the film was all according to Homer. User: Charley Kinraid 29 November 2011 —Preceding undated comment added 09:43, 29 November 2011 (UTC).

Obviously it also mutilated the Iliad, but was there another reason outside that? --Pstanton (talk) 19:01, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Not just mutilated, it's a travesty, and as this is presumably a neutral point of view, shouldn't the dismissive reviews be mentioned here as well as the accolades? Charley Kinraid (talk) 08:28, 28 January 2012 (UTC)]]

Sorry guys, I know this may  be a bore for most men, but I have to put this bluntly - I thought that the film romantisied the 'potential rape victim and potential rapist' relationship between Achilles and Briseis. It is arguable that Briseis is suffering from 'Stockholm Syndrome'. I had an article published in the women's ezine 'The F word' on that. To give a broader picture would there be any objections to my adding it somewhere in the external links? [].

I added to the synopsis that Briseis fears rape and that Achilles is violent to her at one point. User Talk: jessicamh —Preceding undated comment added 13:46, 7 October 2011 (UTC).
 * Your opinion on it doesn't belong in the article. The e-zine (aka blog) won't pass WP:RS and you can't use your own article to support your own opinion WP:SPS and WP:COI (unless you were a recognized expert in the field). Niteshift36 (talk) 14:00, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
 * *Given that the article has a section called "Accolades", I would be interested in seeing a section called "Criticism", and this sort of thematic issue, as well as perhaps some of the major deviations from the Illiad that have been previously noted but are currently missing could go there.
 * Also, though the "the f-word" website uses the term blog in the title, it appears to have an extensive editorial staff and would make a reasonable source if referenced in an area of the article where analysis and criticism is appropriate (i.e. not the plot summary). Netmouse (talk) 18:41, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, many films that have a section about multiple awards calls it "accolades", so I don't see that as being that undue. If there is criticism from a third party beyond the normal critic stuff, then it's worth discussing. I don't support the notion of having a criticism section just because we think balance demands it. I would imagine a criticism section being reliable third party sources talking about historic inaccuracies etc. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:55, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Your tone is rather abrupt!! My additions you deleted aren't based on any subjective opinions, but on facts in the film. It is made obvious Briseis fears Achilles as a rapist initially (t he fate of all War Prizes) and he is shown being violent to her. I don't see why these facts have to be glossed over? Of course, in modern terms neither Agamemnon nor Achilles had any right to her, though of course, in 'The Iliad' Homer didn't question it. The ezine in question (which isn't my personal blog) isn't used to substantiate these alerations. I merely asked if I can quote my article in an ezine as an external source, not as a form of backing up alterations. If ezines are not seen as reliable sources, so be it, though I don't understand why Wolfgang Petersen's website is in any way a reliable source!

Can I request arbitration on these matters? My complaint, you can see, is that I am accused of wanting to use my web article as verification of facts I put in the article, which I dispute. Thnak you.jessicamh
 * Have you read WP:RS or WP:SPS yet? Please read those, as they will answer most of your questions about why your article can't be used. As for the rest, the plot summary is supposed to do just that, summarize the plot. NOT interpret or analyze the plot. Nor should it included every detail from the plot.You need to read WP:NPOV. You clearly are trying to advance a point of view about how you feel the females were portrayed and how violence against women was portrayed. That is not the purpose of the article. If a reliable third party source discussed it, then it could possibly be included, as long as it was presented in a NPOV manner and was relevant to the overall article. Using your article won't work because the e-zine easily fails WP:RS. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:00, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

Actually, Niteshift, I have been trying to make the point that I wasn't using my article for that reason, but as an 'external link' of possible interest to readers. I think you are being less than perfectly civil in your abrupt manner of addressing me. What is left out in discussions is often more telling than what is depicted. jessicamh
 * Jessica, I haven't been uncivil with you at all. External links still have to be reliable and the ezine isn't. see WP:ELNO. It is also considered poor form to remove large parts of your post and rewrite pther parts after it has been responded to. It alters what people see me responding to. So far Jessica, you haven't presented any policy based argument on including what you want included. I have explained, with policy, why it doesn't belong. If you find that "abrupt", well.....that's your problem. Wikipedia functions on policy and reliable sources, not feelings. I've tried to help you by linking you to the appropriate policies, which you don't appear to have even read. Niteshift36 (talk) 20:07, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

I thought my previous post too waffling, which is why I deleted some of it, not through an undehand desire to score points. Could you explain why my putting in some words about Achilles violence to Briseis can't be included, but that 'romantic' sentence about his 'last look'  is more relevant, as no editor has deleted that as 'an opinon'? By the way, I did read the user guidlines. I didn't intend to use the ezine article as an objective source beacuse I am not quite that tautological in my arguments, it was an additional query I made originally on the lines of 'this provides such and such an analysis of the film'.JessicaMH (talk) 20:31, 7 October 2011 (UTC)jessicamhJessicaMH (talk) 20:31, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
 * See, this is a good example. Did I say you altered your post because of any underhanded anything? No. I simply imformed an inexperienced user (you) that such actions were considered poor form. But you read into what was actually said. Look at what I say, not what you think I "really" mean, ok? I haven't looked at the other recently, but what you added was what we call WP:OR.......it was your opinion (or interpretation) of what happened. Did you read WP:ELNO? Specifically #11 Links to blogs, personal web pages and most fansites, except those written by a recognized authority. (This exception for blogs, etc., controlled by recognized authorities is meant to be very limited; as a minimum standard, recognized authorities always meet Wikipedia's notability criteria for people.) The ezine, by virtue of accepting articles from users and having no apparent editorial oversite, is really a blog. And what Wolfgang Peterson's site are you talking about? Niteshift36 (talk) 21:10, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
 * *Just to agree with Niteshift36, it is considered inappropriate to go back and revise earlier comments on Talk pages, whether or not you find them cringeworthy when you re-read them later. Please don't do that.Netmouse (talk) 18:41, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Nitwatchman, where I come from it's not manners to say, 'That's your problem' to a woman. If Wicki dismisses ezines as 'unreliable sources' because they are not printed 'aka blogs' you said, Wicki itself is just a big blog, not a 'reliable source'. Lol.Workoutsforbreakfast (talk) 09:18, 8 October 2011 (UTC)workoutsforbreakfastWorkoutsforbreakfast (talk) 09:18, 8 October 2011 (UTC)
 * First off, who is Nitwatchman? If you can't be bothered to at least be close on the name of the person you are talking to, why should you be taken seriously? Second, you act like I said that right out of the gate. It was said after several exchanges in which the editor engaged in some WP:IDIDNTHEARTHAT behavior and tried to foist her incorrect analysis of what I said on me. Lastly, you need to read some policies. Wikipedia isn't a reliable source. It can't be used as a reference to itself. Like Jessica, you need to read some policies. Niteshift36 (talk) 14:05, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Re; Netmouse's comments above, some people have mentioned that they would like to expand the criticism and thematic discussion; How can this be done if some disagree? {[Charley Kinraid 20 November 2011}}

Director's Cut Run Time
I'm confused about the run time of the director's cut, some say it's 196 minutes, but the article of the ultimate collector's edition in amazon.com says it is actually 201 minutes. Are these two different versions of the film? Scalpelexis23 (talk) 03:27, 1 June 2009 (UTC)scalpelexis23 June 01, 2009 11:30 AM —Preceding unsigned comment added by Scalpelexis23 (talk • contribs) 03:17, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Expand "Cast"
The "Cast" section is so lame. I think we should expand it by adding the history of each actors on how they got the role and their reactions being included in the cast, and not just a plain table like:

Brad Pitt         Achilles Eric Bana         Hector

These list are pretty awkward that the readers already know it, and thus expecting for more useful information. Aside from the actors, we could also add brief information of the character themselves like:

Achilles - Son of Peleus of Phytia and Thetis. King of the Myrmidons and considered the greatest warrior of his time. (Correction: Achilles was not a King; his father, Peleus, was still alive and indeed outlived him). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.8.159.78 (talk) 12:34, 4 December 2009 (UTC) Hector - Prince of Troy and the eldest son of King Priam. He is the brother of Paris and the husband of Andromache.

121.96.60.141 (talk) 08:43, 1 June 2009 (UTC)scalpelexis23 June 01, 2009 4:37 PM

Article split: Troy: Differences between the movie and the mythos
Does this article really need to be separate from this one? It looks to me like the person who did the split did it unilaterally, without consulting anyone, and WP:SIZE certainly does not justify it at this point. --  Blanchardb - Me•MyEars•MyMouth - timed 01:59, 5 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, that person does not seem to be willing to discuss, so I undid everything and initiated Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Troy: Differences between the movie and the mythos. --  Blanchardb - Me•MyEars•MyMouth - timed 02:26, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

ireally like this movie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.251.79.119 (talk) 03:04, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

What's a "mytho"? Norum 15:32, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Priam's Death
Contrary to what is asserted in the Main Differences Between Myth and Film section, Priam does not actually die in the Iliad, which ends with the return of Hector's body to the Trojans. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.29.143.86 (talk) 23:14, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Priam does not die in the Iliad, but the Iliad only covered a period of less than a year of the whole war. The film covers it from start to finish. Priam does indeed die when Troy is sacked, as the film depicts. However, he is not killed by Agamemnon, as in the film, but by Achilles' son Neoptolemus (not depicted in the film). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.8.159.78 (talk) 12:30, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

Differences between the Myth and Film
Look, for the people that decided to move this section because it had no "references" why don't you go and site the Illiad articles of Wikipedia and that'll be good enough.--Valkyrie Red (talk) 02:27, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Because Wikpedia is not a reliable source and 2) even if it were, me comparing the movie to a reliable sources and saying "these are the differences" would be original research - analysis based on MY observations and 3) a mere list of the differences does nothing to help the reader understand the topic of this article, the movie Troy. We would need a source describing how the non-mythical death of character X at this point in the script helped increase the emotional tension of the film, or the director stating that he didn't have so-and-so die as he does in the myth because he promised the actor a bigger part or hypothetically 50 years from now a researcher finds that a common cultural belief about Achilles/Odyseus/The Trojan war can be traced back to its first appearance in this film or the film being banned in a certain country because the non-mythical portrayal of X in the film shows their cultural hero in a bad light or something along these lines.
 * Find third party sources that make these claims about the movie if you think they are important to the article. MM 207.69.137.25 (talk) 21:55, 2 May 2010 (UTC)
 * You must have missed point 1) and point 2). Wikipedia is not a reliable source and a wikipedia editor making comparisons is original research. MM207.69.137.27 (talk) 23:55, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Than why has it been done for other articles?173.95.138.76 (talk) 21:44, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

Stax IGN Script Review
WhisperToMe (talk) 20:20, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
 * "The Stax Report: Script Review of Troy." IGN. November 14, 2002.

What of Briseis?
Was not Breis, like Cassandra not only a prietess of Apollo but had the power of clarivoyance? Was she not violated in the same manner as Cassandra by Aganemnon? If both these women were so "graced" with the same fateful circumstance, why is it that Bresis does not have the power to see the future therby knowing the fate of Troy and Achilles (Yes, achilles does know his future. Still....). Is there some reference in the Illiad of Homer, the Orestes I Trilogy (Aganemnon, or any other classic greek work that resolves this questions? And did Briesis indeed survive the the sack of troy and escaped with Anaeas Special:Contributions/talk) 19:10, 6 March 2011 (UTC)Veryverser
 * Where in the movie did it suggest Breseis was clarivoyant? And who in the movie was Cassandra? Niteshift36 (talk) 22:59, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

No, no, no, sir. Not your synoposis. I put the question whether or not she was in Homer's epic. What I was referencing was Asclyus' play Aganemnon, juxtaposing Cassandra with Breseis; They both were high priestesses of the diety. (Did they infact knew each other, or were related, since royalty was a sole qualifyer forthe devotion?) And alleged that as long as they kept their virginity, were enpowered with future vision. This led me to ponder whether "Homer" was remissed editiorially on this fact. -if Breisis was clarivoyant, prior ot Troys's invasion can it be assumed that she knew of the impending invasion, calamity, and for that matter Paris' betrayal of both his countrymen and Greece; or did the "gods" prevented this second sight? -We knew that the caveat in the legend of Cassandra was that when she was raped by Aganemnon, Apollo cursed her with the knowlege that anyone who she warned of coming doom would not believe her. (In this-once again-I see a commonality with Greek, Persian, and Hebrew legends (Noah and the Flood, for example). Please pay attention. Only good works can come from this. -When she was accosted by Achilles did the same fate fall on Breisis? Or did it matter, since Achilles already knew he would die at Troy, and that it was his own choice. And too, since the protracted war was at a stalemate, could Breseis have forecasted Odysseus' plan to break it? Perhaps you should stop being defensive, sir, and learn to appreciate other people's insight and contribution as a help to the ongoing disscussion. If you but took a wise breath before making this statement, you would obviously see the opportunity AND possibility for new, and fresh expanded prose and stage treatment on what may be an intriging anamoly in Homer's epic. Since both Asychlus and Homer were allegedly centuries apart, and undertanding that the latter was the true pas "Cassandra" of of his time, warning of the diaster of war and scocio-ecomonic disintergration of Athens and the rest of Greek civilization as it stood then with him and his comtempoaries, you would be relieved that yet another question was raised that might unveil furhter mysteries. Isn't that what great drama and poetry is all about? Now, pardon me. I must check my local newspaper and web to see if there are any oritorios of Handel, and possibly Ascylus' great "PROMETHEUS BOUND" performing locally. 69.126.238.184 (talk) 15:02, 8 March 2011 (UTC)Veryverser

Troy = Troyans or Trojans?
The English title of the movie, as well as the name of the place itself, is Troy. It spells with a "j" in number of other languages. Now, my questions is, if the place is called "Troy" in English, shouldn't the residents be referred to as Troyans, instead of Trojans as it is shown throughout the movie? Norum 03:41, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Well that would be logical, but that is not how language works. Troyans, in any case, are from central Bulgaria. --Luftschiffritter5 1 (talk) 03:53, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

Aeneas did NOT found Rome
The article states here that Aeneas eventually founds Rome, however this is not accurate: Aeneas migrates to Latium and founds Lavinium, also on the River Tiber. Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, matrilineal descendants of Aeneas through Rhea Silvia (their father was the Roman god Mars). Some Romans, such as the gens Julia, could claim patrilineal descent also: they were Alban nobles (see Alba Longa) who were incorporated into the Roman people some time after the founding of the city.

I do not want to remove the details on Aeneas, because they are useful for those viewers unfamiliar with the legend who may not realize the significance of Paris handing him the sword (When I first saw the film I personally thought Paris was just handing the sword to some random nobody so he wouldn't have to worry about dying shamefully with it). How, though, should it be reformed?--Luftschiffritter5 1 (talk) 03:53, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

Critical reception
Having only the negative review from Ebert is a bit one-sided. Is there a way we can add in a positive review accordingly with WP:UNDUE? Greedo 8  00:49, 28 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Troy (film). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100124063338/http://www.moviemusicuk.us:80/troygycd.htm to http://www.moviemusicuk.us/troygycd.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:28, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Grammar correction?
I'm a little confused about the line: "In order to keep their spirits up, he gives Briseis to the Greek soldiers for their amusement." Does anyone think this would read better as "In order to keep his soldiers' spirits up, he gives Briseis to them for their amusement?"72.239.133.237 (talk) 13:06, 16 February 2017 (UTC)

Another review
Found in the Honolulu Advertiser http://web.archive.org/web/20040613181328/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/May/14/en/en18a.html

Might be a good source WhisperToMe (talk) 17:26, 15 May 2021 (UTC)

Whitewashing?
Months ago, this article was given citations about criticism toward the film for whitewashing and absence of greek actors in favor of white actors. Why were these passages removed? H.AFI.17 (talk) 15:55, 5 June 2022 (UTC)H.AFI.17H.AFI.17 (talk) 15:55, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Troy (film)


text:
Maymunah bint al-Harith

Maymunah bint al-Harith al-Hilaliyyah (مَيْمُونَة ٱبْنَت ٱلْحَارِث ٱلْهِلَالِيَّة; c. 594–671), was the eleventh and final wife of Muhammad. Her original name was Barrah (بَرَّة), which Muhammad changed it to Maymunah, meaning "good tidings", as his marriage to her marked the first time in seven years when he could enter his hometown of Mecca from Medina.

Family
Her father was Al-Harith ibn Hazn from the Hilali tribe of Mecca. Her mother was Hind bint Awf from the Himyari tribe in Yemen. Her full sister was Lubaba the Elder. Her paternal half-sisters were Layla (Lubaba the Younger), Huzayla and Azza. Her maternal half-siblings were Mahmiyah ibn Jaz'i al-Zubaydi, Asma bint Umays (a wife of Abu Bakr), Salma bint Umays (a wife of Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib) and Awn ibn Umays. Ibn Kathir also mentions a tradition that Zaynab bint Khuzayma (a wife of Muhammad) was another maternal half-sister.

Marriage
Maymunah was first married to Abu Ruhm ibn Abd al-Uzza who later died. Not much is known about him. In 629, Muhammad married her in a place known as Sarif, about 10 mi from Mecca, just after the Lesser Pilgrimage. She was in her late 30s when she married him. Maymuna lived with Muhammad for three years until his death in 632.

Death
Maymuna is believed to have died in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, 51 AH; January 671 CE. Her death date is debated however. According to Al-Tabari: "Maymuna died in the year 61 AH (680–681 CE) during the caliphate of Yazid I. She was the last of the wives of the Prophet to die, and her age was then 80 or 81." However, Al-Tabari asserts elsewhere that Umm Salama outlived Maymuna.

Ibn Hajar also cites a tradition implying that Maymuna predeceased Aisha: "We stood on the walls of Medina, looking out … [Aisha said]: 'By Allah! Maymuna is no more! She has gone, and you are left free to do whatever you like. She was the most pious of all of us and the most devoted to her relatives.'"

title: Maymunah bint al-Harith


text: Category:Henderson County, Texas

title: Category:Henderson County, Texas


text:
Zagłoba coat of arms

Zagłoba is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several noble families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
It originally comes from the city of Plock, Masovia in central Poland. Bearers of this coat of arms took part in January Uprising and Polish-Soviet War.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include: Władysław Smoleński (1851–1926), professor of history at Warsaw University.

title: Zagłoba coat of arms


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Cattistock

Cattistock is a village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, sited in the upper reaches of the Frome Valley, 8 mi northwest of the county town Dorchester. The Dorset poet William Barnes called it "elbow-streeted Cattstock", a comment on the less-than-linear village street. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 509.

Parish church
A church was built here in the 12th century by the monks of Milton Abbey, though this structure has not survived. The current church, dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, was rebuilt in the 19th century by architects Sir George Gilbert Scott and his son George Gilbert Scott Junior. The Perpendicular-styled tower was the work of the latter, and has led to the church being dubbed the 'Cathedral of the Frome Valley'; he was also responsible for the porch, north aisle and vestry. A carillon of 35 bells was installed in the new tower a few years after its construction. This was the first carillon to be introduced to England and attracted hundreds of visitors to the valley, though the bells were destroyed by a fire in the tower on 15 September 1940. The fire also destroyed the very large clock, which previously almost spanned the width of the tower. In 1972 the Pevsner guide to Dorset architecture said that "for the mid- to late-nineteenth century, this is the masterpiece amongst Dorset churches". The church is a Grade I Listed Building.

Chantmarle
Nearly 1.75 mi north of the village is Chantmarle, a house dating from the 15th century, with additions in the 16th, 17th and 19th centuries. It received its name – which means "song of the blackbird" in Norman French – from the Chauntmerles family, who lived on the site in the early 13th century. In 1910 Inigo Thomas designed new end wings and a terraced garden with ponds. In the late 20th century Chantmarle was used as a centre for police training. It then became a Christian retreat and wedding reception venue, but is now once more a private home.

Cattistock Hunt
The Cattistock Hunt is a foxhound pack established by a parson at Cattistock Lodge in the mid 18th century. It was given the name 'The True Blue'.

The Hunt has been affiliated with all UK naval vessels named HMS Cattistock, including the latest to bear the name, HMS Cattistock (M31).

The village also has a close relationship with those named ships too and has hosted the ships' crews on many occasions.

An ensign and emblem shield of HMS Cattistock - a blue cornflower, the symbol of the Hunt's colours and a wildflower local to the area - is displayed in the village church.

Food festival
Cattistock hosts a Dorset knob throwing event and the Frome Valley Food Festival every year on the first Sunday in May.

title: Cattistock


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Zerwikaptur coat of arms

Zerwikaptur is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several gentry families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

A legend about the origination of the coat of arms is used in the novel With Fire and Sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz, whereby a character Longinus Podbipięta managed to cut off the heads of three knights bearing the goat's head on their arms with a single swing of his huge sword. Therefore he named his sword "Zerwikaptur", literally meaning "coif-snapper", and later got the coat of arms of this name. In fact, Zerwikaptur originated well before the times of the novel.

title: Zerwikaptur coat of arms


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Edward Tennant (poet)

Lieutenant Edward Wyndham Tennant (1 July 1897 – 22 September 1916) was a British war poet killed during the Battle of the Somme.

Early life
He was the son of Edward Tennant, who became Lord Glenconner in 1911, and Pamela Wyndham, a writer, and later wife of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon. His younger brothers were the eccentric Stephen Tennant and David Tennant, the founder of the Gargoyle Club.

Born at Stockton House, Stockton, Wiltshire, which his father had just leased from Major-General A. G. Yeatman-Biggs, Tennant was educated at Winchester College. At the age of seventeen he left school and joined the Grenadier Guards in the early weeks of the World War I.

Tennant was known to friends and family as 'Bim', but the origin of this nickname is unknown. It has been suggested that he was engaged before his death to Nancy Cunard, but a reliable source, Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner, responded in a letter to a question on this point and stated that the suggestion was incorrect; Lois Gordon, Nancy Cunard's biographer, in her extensive research, never came across any hint of such an alliance either.

Death and memorial
Tennant is buried at Guillemont in France in the Guillemont Road Cemetery, close to the remains of his friend and relative Raymond Asquith (eldest son of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith), who was killed the week before. The inscription on his gravestone reads: KILLED IN ACTION IN HIS TWENTIETH YEAR.

A memorial to Tennant, sculpted by Allan G. Wyon, was erected in Salisbury Cathedral. There are two inscriptions on the memorial, one above the low-relief portrait of Tennant, and one below.

The upper inscription reads: "When things were at their worst he would go up and down in the trenches cheering the men, when danger was greatest his smile was loveliest."

The inscription below the portrait has the following wording: "In proud and unfading memory of EDWARD WYNDHAM TENNANT 4th Batt. Grenadier Guards, eldest son of Lord and Lady Glenconner, who passed to the fuller life in the battle of the Somme 22nd September 1916 Aged 19 years. He gave his earthly life to such matter as he set great store by: the honour of his country and his home."

Works

 * Verses by A Child (private printing, 1909)
 * Worple Flit and other poems (printed posthumously, 1916)

title: Edward Tennant (poet)


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Fledg'ling Records

Fledg'ling Records is a British independent record label founded in 1991. The label has re-released some albums previously issued by Hokey Pokey Records which was also run by the Fledg'ling founder—David Suff. David Suff having been half of the team running the Richard Thompson fanzine—"Hokey Pokey" (named after a Richard and Linda Thompson LP). Both record labels specialise in classic and new British folk and folk-rock. Fledg'ling is based in London.

Their first release was Alright Jack by Home Service in 1991 (FLY 001). Indeed, no other records can be traced on the label until another album by Home Service "Wild Life" in 1995. Many of the early releases feature contributions by Graeme Taylor. The graphic artist David Suff is the only publicly acknowledged name to be associated with the label.

They are funded or supported by enthusiasts of this kind of music - Richard Thompson and Davey Graham. The most acclaimed releases by Fledg'ling have been boxed sets of Sandy Denny, Shirley Collins and Ralph McTell, and three albums by Helen Watson (Somersault (1997), Doffing (1999) and Lifesize (2002)).

In 2016, Dom Flemons played alongside the British guitarist Martin Simpson, to jointly record the Fledg'ling Records album, A Selection of Ever Popular Favourites.

title: Fledg'ling Records


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Aksak coat of arms

Aksak is a Polish coat of arms of Tatar origin. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
Kasper Okińczyc was granted with a noble title by King Jan III Sobieski in 1683, after the Battle of Vienna, together with an estate called Luzinky. He was given also the command over the garrison of the city of Mścisław (modern Mstislav, Belarus), close to the border with Muscovy

The name of the coat of arms stems from Okińczyc's personal nickname, possibly a Turkish language word aksak meaning lame. Possibly Okińczyc received a wound during the battle and started using the term as his nickname and later as a name of the symbol of his family.

Blazon
The blazon exists also with a heart pierced by an arrow, with blood drops.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:

 * Okińczyc family

title: Aksak coat of arms


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Caundle Marsh

Caundle Marsh is a village and civil parish in northwest Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale, 4 mi southeast of Sherborne. The parish includes the hamlet of Tut Hill and the Dorset County Council estimate that in 2013 the population of the parish was 70.

History
The parish was within the hundred of Sherborne until the disuse of the hundred in stages in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The parish church of Saints Peter and Paul was completed in 1857.

title: Caundle Marsh


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Clara, County Offaly

Clara is a town on the River Brosna in County Offaly, Ireland. It is the 10th largest town in the midlands of Ireland. The town had a population of 3,403 as of the 2022 census.

Clara's local services include churches, schools,   a branch of the Laois & Offaly Education and Training Board, a library, doctor's surgery, medical centre, pharmacies, health centre, family resource centre, shops, post office, credit union, hair and beauty salons, barbers, garages, pubs, eateries, a playground, public swimming pool, pitch and putt club, GAA club, and Clara Bog Visitor Centre. There is a Garda (police) station and fire station in the town, while the Midlands Regional Hospital is located approximately eleven kilometres away in Tullamore.

Geography
Clara is situated in the north of County Offaly near the border with County Westmeath, on the regional road R420 some 12 kilometres northwest of Tullamore. Clara Bog is located approximately 2.5 kilometres to the southeast of Clara town. Situated on a plain (Clóirtheach meaning plain or level place), the town is in reality an urban centre surrounded by a series of mini-villages. The town is connected to the River Shannon by one of its tributaries, the River Brosna. Clara is the modern name of what was previously known as the Barony of Kilcoursey and Parish of Kilbride. The earliest known map of Clara dates from the Ordnance Survey of 1838.

Early history
While the town as we know it today was established by Quakers in the mid-18th century, there is evidence of community habitation for some time. Situated on the Esker Riada, the ancient thoroughfare which connected the east and west coasts of Ireland, numerous ring forts are to be found in the countryside surrounding the town suggesting that the early settlement may have been a staging post for travellers. Just outside the town in Kilbride, the remnants of a 12th-century monastery testify to the existence of a religious presence. According to tradition this monastery was founded by St Brigid of Kildare (d.c 525 AD) and is linked by an ancient road to Durrow Abbey founded by St Colm Cille (St Columba). St Brigid's original monastery, founded shortly after her religious profession – her first foundation, would have been constructed in wood and consisted of a number of buildings surrounding a central church. These buildings were replaced by stone structures in the 12th century. The original parish was named after St Brigid: Kilbride (from Cill Bhride: the Church of Brigid). The ruins of an ancient church are to be found not far from the monastery at the foot of a hill (Chapel Hill) and this may have been the original parish church.

Development and industrialisation
Politically the family which had dominion over the area was the Sinnach O'Catharniagh (Fox O'Carney) clan; they were referred to as the Muinter Tadgain (people of Tadgain). The O'Catharniagh were princes of Teffia (an area in County Westmeath). The ruins of their castle, Lehinch Castle, are to be found on a hill in Kilcoursey, less than a mile from the town centre. The McAuley family are also associated with the Barony of Kilcoursey. Mass rocks are also to be found in the hills outside the town, having provided secret places for Catholics to worship during the persecution which followed the Reformation.

The Fox family owned much of the district up until the 1650s. Following the involvement of the Chieftain, Hubert Fox in a rebellion in the 1640s – he was defending Catholic interests against the Puritan Oliver Cromwell who came to Ireland to suppress uprisings against English rule. Ironically, in 1599, Fox's father, also Hubert, had signed an agreement of "surrender and regrant" with the English crown to avoid the complete destruction of his estates following the Nine Years' War: the lands were returned to Fox senior in recognition of his fealty. Hubert junior, however, was not so inclined, preferring to stand by the family's traditional allegiance. Cromwell proved victorious and Fox lost his lands which were given to Samuel Rust, a Cromwellian soldier. He, in turn, sold the district to two families – the Armstrongs and the Bagots. The Armstrongs settled in the town and would eventually establish industries, including a linen factory. Andrew Armstrong (1727–1802) built the neo-classical Clara House on the west side of the town in the 1770s. One member of the Armstrong family, John Armstrong, uncle of Andrew, was Governor of Menorca and author of a history of the island in 1752. Andrew Armstrong died in 1802 and the estates were sold to the Cox family.

In 1825, the Goodbody family moved to Clara from Mountmellick and introduced industry into the town, trading under the name of J & L F Goodbody. Buying flour mills at Erry and Charlestown, they developed the river Brosna and used it to harness power for their factories. In 1864 the Goodbodys started a jute factory at Clashawaun. The jute was imported from India and the resulting bags were exported worldwide. In the last decades of the 20th century, the factories declined and the last Goodbody factory closed in 1984. The family had provided the people of Clara with employment in a number of areas: factory work, domestic service and farming. Other industries in the town included flour mills, distilleries, a brewery, manufacturers of tobacco, soap, candles, and clothes together with food processing companies.

At the end of the 19th century and for much of the 20th century, the town's prosperity led to a number of building projects. There are several stately houses in the town and surrounding countryside as the various members of the Goodbody family set up their households. Thanks to Catholic Emancipation in 1829 a more prominent Catholic church was built on the outskirts of the town in Charlestown, but this proved too small and in the 1880s the parish, now St Brigid's Parish, built a neo-gothic church in the centre of the town on one side of the main square: a relic of St Brigid is preserved in the church. To cater for the needs of the townspeople, two religious orders founded communities and schools: the Franciscan Brothers arrived in 1821 and the Sisters of Mercy some years later. Other religious buildings in the town consist of St Brigid's parish church for the Church of Ireland community (Anglican Communion) looking down over the fair green and the Friends' Meeting Hall (Quaker) which is no longer in use. As the town prospered so did social life, and a number of cultural and sporting associations were founded in the town.

Death of Father Niall Molloy
Father Niall Molloy (14 April 1933 - 8 July 1985) was a Catholic priest who was killed in mysterious circumstances in Kilcoursey House in Clara, County Offaly, the home of Richard and Therese Flynn. When the Garda Síochána arrived, they found that there were signs of violence in Flynn's bedroom and that there was a large bloodstain on the carpet. The priest died the day after the wedding of the Flynns' daughter Maureen. Flynn was charged with manslaughter and with actual bodily harm, but the judge at his trial, a family friend, directed the jury to give a 'not guilty' verdict. In 2011, a medical examination of brain tissue kept after the original post-mortem revealed that there was a high probability that the priest was alive up to six hours after the initial attack and therefore may have lived if medical help had been summoned. Molloy was parish priest of Castlecoote, County Roscommon at the time of his death.

Transport
Clara railway station opened on 3 October 1859, and located beside Railway View Housing Estate. It is on the main Dublin to Ballina / Westport / Galway railway line. Clara was once a railway junction, with a branch to Streamstown on the now disused Athlone–Mullingar link. There was also a railway junction west of Clara serving the Banagher branch line. Clara is also served by the M6 Dublin/Galway motorway with junction 6 less than 5 minutes drive from the town centre. In 2008 there was a proposal for a small regional airport in the area, which later fell through

Sport
Clara's local GAA club is involved in Gaelic football and hurling from under 8 to senior level. Clara also has a soccer club and an athletic club. The town has two swimming pools, a pitch and putt club, and a powerlifting club. A golf driving range is located in the town also with the Esker Hills golf club located just outside the town. There is a local equestrian centre and sports centre also.

Special Area of Conservation
Two kilometres from the town centre lies Clara Bog, a raised bog which contains rare flora. It was considered for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Clara Bog visitor centre is located beside the town's library. A bog boardwalk (Accessible from Ballinough, off Tullamore road) is very popular with local walkers but is virtually unknown to visitors. The boardwalk allows walkers to safely cross the surface of the bog. A much shorter, but more accessible bog boardwalk is also located 2 km from Clara on the main Rahan road.

Notable people

 * Sam Clyne, Vincentian priest and president of St Pat's, Drumcondra
 * Brian Cowen, Taoiseach from 2008 to 2011.
 * Brigid of Kildare, patron saint of the parish of Clara. The local Catholic church preserves a relic of the saint.
 * Shane Lowry, professional golfer who won the 2009 Irish Open (as an amateur) and the 2019 Open Championship.
 * Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), conducted some of his radiotelegraphy experiments in Clara.
 * Vivian Mercier, literary historian.
 * Declan Recks, television and film director.
 * Placidus Timmons, OSF, Irish Catholic Franciscan missionary.

title: Clara, County Offaly


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Boreyko coat of arms

Boreyko is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
The symbol of a swastika was also popular with the nobility. Prior to Christianity, this sign was painted on the shields of knights. According to chronicles, prince Oleg who in the 9th century with his Rus Vikings had captured Constantinople, had nailed his shield to the cities gates, which had a large red Swastika painted on it. The noble house of Boreyko from Ruthenia also had swastikas as their coat of arms. The family had reached its greatness in the 14th and 15th centuries and their crest can be seen in many heraldry books produced at that time. The origin of the family is tracked back to the eastern regions of today's Ukraine. During several centuries the Boreyko noble families united against the Tsar Kingdom of Russia.

Blazon
On silver shield figure at swastika form, which vertical pillar on ends twince broken. Crown over helmet, by Samuel Orgelbrand.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include: Borejko, Boreyko, Boyko, Borejka, Borzym, Radzichowski, Radziechowski.

During the Second World War families by these surnames living in the Polish–Lithuanian regions changed them in order to avoid persecution by the Soviet and/or Nazi authorities.

Alternative surnames : Bouejko, Bolejko, Borym, Radzikowski, etc.

 * Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski painter and photographer
 * Andrey Boreyko conductor

title: Boreyko coat of arms


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Internal sin

Internal sin, in Christianity, is the idea that sin may be committed not only by outward deeds but also by the inner activity of the mind, quite apart from any external manifestation. Thought crimes were as old as heresy, but the Reformation's alarms received new emphasis at the Council of Trent (Session XIV, chapter. v). The session, while reiterating that all mortal sins must be confessed, singled out the unspoken ones that "sometimes more grievously wound the soul and are more dangerous than sins which are openly committed".

Three kinds of internal sin are usually distinguished by Catholics:
 * delectatio morosa, the pleasure taken in a sinful thought or imagination even without desiring it;
 * gaudium, dwelling with complacency on sins already committed;
 * desiderium, the desire for what is sinful.

Biblical quotes

 * Matthew 5:28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
 * Romans 6:12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires.

title: Internal sin


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Brzuska coat of arms

Brzuska is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by the Brzuska family from the Ruthenian Voivodeship.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:

title: Brzuska coat of arms


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Gaudium

Gaudium, the Latin word for joy, may refer to:

 * Gaudium et spes, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, from the Second Vatican Council
 * An internal sin, the dwelling with complacency on sins already committed
 * 8061 Gaudium, a minor planet

title: Gaudium


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Chalbury

Chalbury is a village in the English county of Dorset. It lies on the southern edge of Cranborne Chase within the East Dorset administrative district of the county, four miles north of Wimborne Minster and four miles west of Verwood. The village is sited on Chalbury Hill, the view from which has been described as "one of the most fascinating in the county". The Dorset broadcaster Ralph Wightman wrote of the hill and its view:
 * "Here there is a hill which is only three hundred feet high but which manages to give a wonderful view over woodland, heath, fertile chalk and the distant Isle of Wight. This feeling of immense space seen from relatively small hills is a blessed peculiarity of Dorset."

The village has a population of 140 (2001). Journalist Mary Frances Billington was born at Chalbury in 1862, while her father was the rector at All Saints' Church.

Governance
In the UK national parliament, Chalbury is within the North Dorset parliamentary constituency.

After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Chalbury is part of the Stour and Allen Vale ward which elects 1 member to Dorset Council.

title: Chalbury


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Deszpot coat of arms

Deszpot is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:

title: Deszpot coat of arms


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Druck coat of arms

Druck is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several Szlachta (noble) families under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
The Druck coat of arms goes back to ancient times. It was the coat of arms of the Princely House of Drucki and its successors.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:
 * Demetriusz I Starszy

title: Druck coat of arms


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Giejsz coat of arms

Giejsz is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families.

title: Giejsz coat of arms


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Naryn Castle, Meybod

The Naryn Castle (In Persian: نارین قلعه) or Narin Castle is a mud-adobe fort or castle in the town of Meybod, Iran. Built some 2,000 to 6,000 years ago, it has four towers and stands 40 meters (130 ft) high and contained a plumbing system.

Naryn (or Narenj) Castle is common language for Mehrjerd Castle.

Architecture
The ruins of the structure stands 40 meters (130 ft) high from its base. Although built between 2,000 to 6,000 years ago, it contains what seems to be a type of plumbing system (made out of a kind of mortar called sarooj) which was built into its massive walls. Peculiarly similar in design to Ali Qapu palace of Isfahan, it has a terrace high on top of the structure whose circulation is provided by two helical stairwells (whose walls have caved in, making it inaccessible). The structure also has a large underground chamber (now filled by rubble), was possibly used as a prison. Four towers surround the entire compound, and a large gate furnishes access to a large courtyard.

This building has been built as an old fortress with three different floors, each for a different class of society.

Structures like Naryn Castle constituted the government stronghold in some of the older (pre-Islamic) towns of central Iran. Some of these castles incorporate mud bricks of the Medes period and of the Achaemenid and Sassanid dynasties.

Some believe that the Narin castles are descendants of ancient Zoroastrian fire-temples; some of the castles in Narin and Meybod, in Yazd province, are also called nareng castles (orange castles), possibly by folk etymology.

Current conditions
The castle at Meybod is currently under study but has not been faring very well. The structure seems to have been affected by numerous earthquakes throughout the ages.

title: Naryn Castle, Meybod


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Chaldon Herring

Chaldon Herring or East Chaldon is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, about 8 mi south-east of the county town of Dorchester. It is sited 2 mi from the coast in the chalk hills of the South Dorset Downs. The highest point in the area is Chaldon Hill about 1.5 mi to the south, overlooking the sea. In the 2011 census the civil parish had 59 households and a population of 140.

In 1086 in the Domesday Book, Chaldon Herring was recorded as Calvedone and, together with West Chaldon, appears in three entries.

The Herring family were landowners for a long period (as early as 1166 until at least 1372), so the village and parish appended their family name to the placename. Elizabeth Herring, daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring, was the great grandmother of John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford; the Herringham arms are displayed in the second grand quarter of Bedford's coat of arms.

Chaldon Herring is notable for being the home of Llewelyn Powys and his wife, Alyse Gregory. In 1925 the couple moved to Dorset: firstly to the Coastguard Cottages on White Nothe and then to the nearby farmhouse Chydyok, where his two sisters, the poet and novelist, Philippa Powys, and the artist, Gertrude Powys, occupied the adjacent cottage. Various other writers and artists lived in the village at different times. These include the sisters Elizabeth Muntz, a sculptor and author, and Hope Muntz, a historian, who wrote The Golden Warrior; novelists Sylvia Townsend Warner and David Garnett; the poets Valentine Ackland and Gamel Woolsey; and the sculptor Stephen Tomlin.

The novelist Theodore "T. F." Powys, older brother of Llewelyn, lived in Chaldon from 1904 until 1940, when he moved to Mappowder because of the war. Chaldon Herring was the inspiration for the fictitious village of Folly Down in his novel Mr Weston's Good Wine and other works. It was at Theodore Powys's house that novelist Sylvia Townsend Warner first met the poet Valentine Ackland. Warner's diaries record that the two women lived together in Frome Vauchurch from 1930 until Valentine's death in 1969; she died there on 1 May 1978.

Just north of the village are four prehistoric bowl barrows. The Five Marys, a group of round barrows, are on a ridge farther north with two more bowl barrows. These are all scheduled monuments.

The parish church is St. Nicholas. There is a restaurant-pub, The Sailor's Return, and B. & B. accommodation. The newest shop is in Winfrith Newburgh, a mile away. The village has 18 listed buildings, all at Grade II.

title: Chaldon Herring


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Geysztor coat of arms

Geysztor or Gieysztor is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several Szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
Name goes back to the year 1582 and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There are two branches of the family. One is spelled Geysztor (in the south), the other Gieysztor (in the north). The schism occurred about two hundred years later (when the family started feuding).

Blazon
The Red field (warrior or martyr; military strength and magnanimity) means that the forefather was elevated to dukedom in battle (a blue background would have meant for administrative excellence).

Stars represent celestial goodness; noble person; excellence.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:
 * Aleksander Gieysztor

title: Geysztor coat of arms


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Maria al-Qibtiyya

' (ماریة بنت شمعون), better known as ' or  (مارية القبطية), or Maria the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was given to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628 by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Sasanian occupation as slaves. She spent the rest of her life in Medina and had a son, Ibrahim with Muhammad. The son died as an infant and she died almost five years later.

Al-Maqrizi says that she was a native of Hebenu (ⲡⲙⲁⲛϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ, Alábastrōn pólis, الخفن), a village located near Antinoöpolis.

Biography
In the Islamic year 6 AH (627 – 628 CE), Muhammad is said to have had letters written to the great rulers of the Middle East, proclaiming the continuation of the monotheistic faith with its final messages and inviting the rulers to join. The purported texts of some of the letters are found in Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings. Tabari writes that a deputation was sent to an Egyptian governor named as al-Muqawqis. Maria was a slave who was offered as a gift of goodwill to Muhammad in reply to his envoys inviting the governor of Alexandria to Islam. Muhammad emancipated her after the birth of her son.

Tabari recounts the story of Maria's arrival from Egypt: "In this year Hātib b. Abi Balta'ah came back from al-Muqawqis bringing Māriyah and her sister Sīrīn, his female mule Duldul, his donkey Ya'fūr, and sets of garments. With the two women al-Muqawqis had sent a eunuch, and the latter stayed with them. Hātib had invited them to become Muslims before he arrived with them, and Māriyah and her sister did so. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of Allah be upon Him, lodged them with Umm Sulaym bt. Milhān. Māriyah was beautiful. The prophet sent her sister Sīrīn to Hassān b. Thābit and she bore him 'Abd al-Rahmān b. Hassān." The death of Ibrahim caused Muhammad to weep.

Status as a wife or concubine
Muhammad's earliest biographers, Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa’d, and al-Tabari, mentioned Mariyah as Muhammad's concubine in their sirah.

Ibn Kathir is quoted to have said:

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya is another scholar and biographer of Muhammad who writes a sirah called Zad al-Ma'ad where he mentioned Mariyah as a slave girl.

Like Rayhana bint Zayd, there is some debate between historians and scholars as to whether Mariyah ever became Muhammad's wife or remained a concubine. An indication that she was a concubine is that when she bore her son to Muhammad, she was set free.

"Ibn ‘Abbas said: When Maria gave birth to Ibrahim the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, ‘Her son has set her free.’"There is also strong evidence that there was no living quarter for her in the proximity of the Prophet's Mosque. Only the wives of Muhammad had their quarters adjacent to one another in the proximity of his mosque at Medina. Maria was made to reside permanently in an orchard, some three kilometers from the mosque. Evidence that suggests she was a concubine is in the narration:

"Anas said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had a female-slave (amat) with whom he had intercourse, but ‘Aishah and Hafsah would not leave him alone until he said that she was forbidden for him. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: “O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.’ until the end of the Verse.”"

The ‘female-slave’ referred to in this narration was Maria, the Copt, as specified in a hadith attributed to Umar and classified as sahih by Ibn Kathir, which names her Umm Ibrahim (the mother of Ibrahim).

In a report from Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Urwah b. al-Zubair concerning the same incident, Muhammad said to Hafsa:

"I make you witness that I my concubine (surriyyati) is now forbidden unto me."

Some Islamic scholars point to a different Asbāb al-nuzūl (circumstance of revelation) for the above incident, saying it was only caused by Muhammad drinking honey, as narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhammed's wife Aisha:

"The Prophet (ﷺ) used to stay (for a period) in the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh (one of the wives of the Prophet ) and he used to drink honey in her house. Hafsa bint Umar and I decided that when the Prophet (ﷺ) entered upon either of us, she would say, 'I smell in you the bad smell of Maghafir (a bad smelling raisin). Have you eaten Maghafir?' When he entered upon one of us, she said that to him. He replied (to her), 'No, but I have drunk honey in the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh, and I will never drink it again.'"

Al-Tabari lists Maria as both one of Muhammad's wives and his slave, perhaps using "wife" in the sense of one whom Muhammad slept with and who mothered his child.

"Mariyah the Copt was presented to the Messenger of God, given to him by al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Alexandria, and she gave birth to the Messenger of God’s son Ibrahim. These were the Messenger of God's wifes."

"The Prophet admired Umm Ibrahim ['Mother of Ibrahim,' Mariyah’s title], who was fair-skinned and beautiful. He lodged her in al-‘Aliyah, at the property nowadays called of Umm Ibrahim. He used to visit her there and ordered her to veil herself, [but] he had intercourse with her by virtue of her being his property..."

One hadith attributed to Mus‘ab b. ‘Abdullah al-Zubairi states that the two were married, though another rendering of the hadith by Mus‘ab's nephew Zubair b. al-Bakkar makes no mention of marriage.

title: Maria al-Qibtiyya