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Jimbolia

Jimbolia (Zsombolya; Hatzfeld; Жомбољ; Banat Bulgarian: Džimbolj) is a town in Timiș County, Romania.

Geography
Jimbolia is located in the west of Timiș County, 39 km from Timișoara, with which it is connected by the county road 59A and the Kikinda–Jimbolia–Timișoara railway. It lies in the Banat Plain, at the contact between the Timiș Plain and the Mureș Plain. An alignment of villages marks the boundary between the two relief units: Checea–Cărpiniș–Satchinez. The average altitude of the town is 82 m. It is located at the intersection of some roads that connect Romania and Serbia, being also a rail and road border point at the frontier between the two countries.

Jimbolia's climate is characterized by average temperatures of 10.7 C and average rainfall of 570 mm per year. The vegetation consists of steppe meadows largely replaced by agricultural crops. The soils are very fertile and belong to the category of chernozems.

Medieval period
The ancient history of the town begins to be documented in 1332–1333, when a papal census of the lands of Banat for the establishment of taxes (tithe) takes place. In these papal registers, the name Chumbul appears. From the researches of Hungarian historian Samu Borovszky, it appears that originally it was a Cumano-Vlach locality, a fact proved by the existence of a Romanian parish. This Chumbul is also mentioned in Hungarian documents from 1489, which speak of the existence of the communes of Chumbul Mare ("Great Chumbul"), Chumbul Mic ("Little Chumbul") and Chumbul Intern ("Inner Chumbul"), most likely owned by the Csomboly family. The last document from this period, recorded by historian Nicolae Ilieșiu, shows that in 1520 there was a certain Mihai of Chumbul, a close man of the king. After this appearance in documents from the beginning of the Middle Ages, nothing is said about this locality in documents from the Turkish rule of Banat.

Re-establishment and colonization
The historical thread is resumed after the conquest of Banat by the Austrians, but for a period it does not appear to be inhabited. Only in 1766 was the new town born, by colonization with German population from Mainz, Trier, Sauer, Pfalz, Lorraine, and Luxembourg. It originally consisted of two separate areas, Landestreu and Hatzfeld, a little further west, but two years later the two merged under the name Hatzfeld, a name given in honor of Empress Maria Theresa's prime minister, Carl Friedrich Hatzfeldt zu Gleichen (1718–1793). The conditions to which the first settlers were subjected were particularly harsh: because of the swamps surrounding the settlement and the unsanitary conditions, 168 people died in the first year of establishment alone. A plague epidemic ensued in 1770 that killed no less than 553 people. In 1781 Hatzfeld was leased to József Csekonics, then sold to him. Later, the Csekonics family began to colonize the town with Hungarians.

Modern period
After the 1848–1849 revolution, the region became part of the Austrian Crown Land of the Serbian Voivodeship and Temeswarer Banat. Jimbolia began to develop in the second half of the 19th century, with the rise of industrialization that swept all of Banat. In 1857, the railway between Timișoara and Kikinda was completed, which also passed through Jimbolia and connected further with Szeged, being the main route from Timișoara to Budapest and Vienna. Access to this railway allowed it to develop rapidly, slowed only by the cholera epidemic of 1873, which killed more than 1,000 people. During this period, the brick factory (1864) opened, attracting agricultural workers from all over southern Banat, especially Hungarians. Thus was born the Futok district (of the "fugitives", from the name given to the Hungarians fleeing from the agricultural estates).

In 1861, Emperor Franz Joseph I decreed the renewed validity of the Hungarian state constitution (Austro-Hungarian Compromise), whereby the town once again belonged to the Hungarian part of the country, as it had before 1848. Under Hungarian administration, more and more Hungarians moved to the town, which was officially called Zsombolya from 1899.

In 1895 the Jimbolia–Ionel railway was put into use. In 1906, the railway from Jimbolia to Grabaț, Lenauheim and Lovrin was completed, built with the help of workers from Țara Moților, some of whom settled in the south of the town. At the turn of the century, Jimbolia was three-quarters German and one-quarter Hungarian, with only a few Romanians and Serbs.

Disputed by Romania and Serbia
World War I radically changed the configuration of the area within which Jimbolia played a central role. From an important town in the economy of Banat, it becomes a border town. After the withdrawal of the Serbs from Timișoara and the unification of Banat with Romania, Jimbolia remained in the provisional borders of Serbia. At the Paris Peace Conference, Prime Minister Ion I.C. Brătianu demanded the recognition of the borders of a Romania that included the whole of Banat, with the border on the lower Tisa until its discharge into the Danube and then the course of the Danube. However, the conference decided on the demarcation line that has been maintained until today, except for a rectification that took place in 1923. On 24 November 1923, Romania and Serbia concluded a protocol for a territorial exchange in Belgrade. Romania undertook to cede the communes of Pardanj, Modoš, Šurjan, Crivobara and Veliki Gaj, while Serbia ceded to Romania Beba Veche, Cherestur, Ciorda, Iam and the town of Jimbolia. The latter officially became part of Romania only in 1924.

Contemporary period
After World War II, Jimbolia entered a new stage of development in the planned economy. In 1950 it was declared a town, then the block of flats in the station area began to be built, new industries were introduced and existing ones were developed. At the same time, the irreversible process of declining German population begins, which within a few decades becomes a minority and ends with the mass exodus after the 1989 revolution.

Demographics
Jimbolia had a population of 10,808 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 3% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (72.69%), larger minorities being represented by Hungarians (10.82%), Roma (5.51%) and Germans (2.87%). For 7.29% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (62.57%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (22.98%) and Pentecostals (4.03%). For 7.39% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.

Culture
In recent years, the town is experiencing a cultural revival, benefiting from very active cultural institutions: the House of Culture, six museums, a literary café and a town library.

The most prestigious of them is the Romanian-German Cultural Foundation founded by Romanian poet Petre Stoica, with numerous national and international awards. With the main purpose of reconstituting the Romanian and German cultural and spiritual life in Banat, the foundation has in its inventory a library of 16,000 volumes in Romanian and German, some with great bibliophilic value, a collection of numismatics, philately, stamps and bookplates, important manuscripts from Romanian and German writers, paintings, engravings, and museum household objects.

Education
In the town there are five kindergartens for preschool children, a general school (1–8) where over 1,000 students study and a school group for 1,200 students.

The Technological High School in Jimbolia has theoretical and technological classes, vocational school, night courses and post-secondary courses. Following an investment from the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, the high school offers high schooling conditions, with modern laboratories of computer science, mechanics, electrical engineering, electronics, farm equipment repair and maintenance, welding and hydraulic-pneumatics.

Healthcare
Medical services are provided by five private medical offices, four private dental offices and a town hospital with a capacity of 125 beds.

Economy
From an economic point of view, the primary sector, agriculture, has a significant share. The land fund comprises 9735 ha of agricultural land, of which 97% is arable land and 3% are grasslands and hayfields.

The industrial profile of the town remains dominated by the light industry (footwear, clothing, textiles), followed by electrical and electronic engineering industries, mechanical industry and plastics industry. 58% of the active population works in the town's industry. The largest industrial companies in the town are: Vogt (electronic components), Ciocanul Prodimpex (footwear), CRH (car subassemblies), Halm (hydraulic pumps), Ani Fashion (clothing), Faulhaber (micromotors) and Kabelsysteme Hatzfeld (audio-video cables).

The tertiary sector, which covers the full range of services, has a share of 38%.

Twin towns
Jimbolia has concluded twinning or collaboration agreements with:

 * 🇷🇸 Kikinda (1992)
 * 🇭🇺 Pusztamérges (1996)
 * 🇷🇸 Novi Kneževac (collab., 2005)
 * 🇩🇪 Hatzfeld (collab., 2008)
 * 🇸🇰 Dunajská Streda (2012)
 * 🇭🇺 Csanádpalota (2015)
 * 🇭🇺 Mórahalom (2016)
 * 🇩🇪 Trebur (2017)

Notable people

 * Karl Kraushaar (1858–1938), pedagogue, journalist, non-fiction author and banker
 * Peter Jung (poet) (1887–1966), poet and publicist
 * Peter Heinrich (1890–1944), politician
 * Alexander Krischan (1921–2009), historian and bibliographer
 * Herbert-Werner Mühlroth (b. 1963), journalist and translator

title: Jimbolia


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German ethnic

German ethnic can refer to:

 * Germans
 * Volksdeutsche

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: German ethnic


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Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park

Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park (足摺宇和海国立公園) is a national park at the southwestern tip of the island of Shikoku, Japan. The park is spread over small areas on the western side of Shikoku between Ehime and Kōchi prefectures. The main feature of the park is Cape Ashizuri, the southernmost point of the island. The cape is noted for its extensive subtropical vegetation and its granite cliffs which offer views of the Pacific Ocean. Nakahama "John" Manjiro, the first Japanese to visit the United States, was born, shipwrecked, and was rescued in the vicinity of the park.

title: Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park


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Lake Towada

Lake Towada (十和田湖) is the largest crater lake in Honshū island, Japan. Located on the border between Aomori and Akita prefectures, it lies 400 meters (1,800 ft) above sea level and is 327 m (1,073 ft) deep, drained by the Oirase river. With a surface area of 61.1 km2, Towada is Japan's 12th largest lake; its bright blue color is due to its great depth. The lake is roughly circular, with two peninsulas extending from its southern shore approximately one-third into the center of the lake. The lake is a popular tourist destination.

Location
Lake Towada is located approximately 540 km northeast of Tokyo, divided between the municipalities of Towada, Aomori and  Kosaka, Akita. It forms part of the northern section of Towada-Hachimantai National Park

Geology
Lake Towada occupies the caldera of a stratovolcano still regarded as active. This volcano became active around 200,000 years ago, and through repeated eruptions and pyroclastic flows, especially 55,000 and 36,000 and 15,000 years ago, created an 11 km caldera with the proto-Lake-Towada. From approximately 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, intermittent eruptions formed a small stratovolcano within this caldera (Mount Goshikiiwa). Intermediate eruptive activity continued, and at least eight eruptions of magma occurred from 11,000 years ago to the present. The Ogurayama Lava Dome was formed approximately 7,600 years ago on the northeastern slope of the Goshikiiwa volcano. The Mikadoishi Lava Dome is estimated to have emerged between 12,000 and 2,800 years ago. The collapse of these secondary lava domes approximately 5400 years ago give the lake its distinct shape, and the inlet between its two peninsulas (called the "Nakaumi") is the remnant of a secondary caldera which erupted and collapsed.

Hydrology
According to the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, the water renewal cycle of Lake Towada is approximately 8.5 years. The catchment area of the lake covers an area of 129 km2. The lake area is fed by around seventy rivers, half of which are intermittent. The Oirase River, which drains towards the Pacific ocean, is the only outlet.

History
The name of the lake is believed to derive from the Ainu word to watara (ト ワタラ), literally meaning "rocky lake".

According to a legendary account, the Yamata general Sakanoue Tamuramaro visited Lake Towada during one of his expeditions north to conquer the Emishi tribes and built a small Shinto shrine on the eastern shore of the Nakayama peninsula in 807 AD dedicated to Yamato Takeru. The mountain continued to erupt well into the historical period, with the last recorded eruption occurring in 915 AD in the Nakaumi caldera, devastating the surrounding area with pyroclastic flows and lahars and covering most of the Tōhoku region of Japan with volcanic ash, leading to crop failures, climate change, and famines.

During the Heian and Kamakura Period, the area was a wilderness and a place of prayer and training for Yamabushi, including worship of Suijin, the kami of water, as being associated with the azure dragon, legendary guardian of the lake, hence the other name of the sanctuary: Towadasan Seiryū daigongen.

The area around Lake Towada remained largely wilderness until towards the end of the Edo period, when the Nambu clan of Morioka Domain attempted large-scale land reclamation projects at Sanbongihara (modern Towada) using the Oirase River for irrigation. In 1903, largely through the efforts of Wainai Sadayuki, princess trout were introduced into Lake Towada. The lake now also has rainbow trout, cherry salmon, carp, Carassius, and Japanese eel. The surrounding forests are temperate-deciduous and are primarily Erman’s birch and Siebold’s beech.

The lake was selected by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun as one of the Eight Scenic Views of Japan in 1927. In 1936, the lake and surrounding areas became part of Towada-Hachimantai National Park.

In 1953, in order to popularize the lake and the park, a sculpture of two women titled "The Maiden Statue" by Kōtarō Takamura was dedicated at the lakeshore as part of the park's 15th anniversary celebration. It was the last work by that sculptor.

A wartime Tachikawa Ki-54 aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force which crashed in 1943 was found at the bottom of Lake Towada on 13 August 2010. It was recovered on 5 September 2012 and has been placed on display.

Activities
The lake's symbol, the Otome-no-Zo statue, is located in the central area of Yasumiya. From there excursion boats arrive and depart. In Utarube, visitors can canoe or camp.

title: Lake Towada


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File talk:STmaximin-Solitude.jpg

I much prefer the old picture. The new one is darker and many details are lost. --Martin.komunide.com 13:27, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: File talk:STmaximin-Solitude.jpg


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Category:Iranian mathematicians

See also the list of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars, and the list of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers.

title: Category:Iranian mathematicians


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title: Category:Iranian people by occupation


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File:Lake-towada.jpg

Lake Towada, Aomori, Japan

User:Richard W.M. Jones (me) took the picture, and hereby release it under the GFDL.

title: File:Lake-towada.jpg


text: Category:Arab geographers

title: Category:Arab geographers


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Pașcani

Pașcani is a city in Iași County in the Western Moldavia region of Romania, on the Siret river. , it has a population of 30,766. Five villages are administered by the city: Blăgești, Boșteni, Gâstești, Lunca, and Sodomeni.

The city derived its name from the estate of the boyar Oană Pașca. It is the city where Mihail Sadoveanu's novel The Place Where Nothing Happened takes place. An important local site is the Church of the Holy Archangels.

Pașcani is a key node in the Căile Ferate Române rail network; its train station serves the CFR main lines 500 and 600.

Natives

 * Octavian Nemescu (1940–2020), composer
 * Visarion Puiu (1879–1964), metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church
 * Neculai Rățoi (1939–2016), politician who served as the mayor of Pașcani from 1981 to 2008
 * Mihail Sadoveanu (1880–1961), novelist, short story writer, journalist, and political figure, who served as acting head of state in 1947–1948 and 1958
 * Vasile Vasilenco (1926–1977), literary critic

title: Pașcani


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Oirase River

The Oirase River (奥入瀬川) is a river located in eastern Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.

The Oirase River is the only river that drains Lake Towada, a large caldera lake that lies on the border of Aomori and Akita Prefectures. The river flows in a generally eastern direction, through the municipalities of Towada, Rokunohe, Oirase, and Hachinohe before exiting into the Pacific Ocean. The upper reaches of the river form a scenic gorge with numerous rapids and waterfalls, and is one of the major tourist attractions of the Towada-Hachimantai National Park. The lower reaches of the river are used extensively for irrigation.

In 1996 the sound of flowing water at the Oirase River was selected by the Ministry of the Environment as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.

title: Oirase River


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Bruce Grove railway station

Bruce Grove is a London Overground station on the Lea Valley lines located in central Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey, north London. It is 6 mi down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Seven Sisters and White Hart Lane. Its three-letter station code is BCV and it is in Travelcard zone 3.

History
Bruce Grove was originally a stop on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway and opened on 22 July 1872. Today it is on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines and sees four trains per hour to Liverpool Street and two to either Cheshunt or Enfield Town. The station is not far from Bruce Castle and takes its name from a road forming part of the A10.

In the early 1980s several changes were made to the appearance of the station. The wooden covered staircases to both platforms were replaced by open-air concrete staircases. The London-bound platform roof was shortened and the waiting rooms boarded up. The northbound roof opposite (which was identical) was completely removed and a small shelter built of brick was installed in its place. This shelter lasted for nearly 20 years before it was demolished and a new roof, built in the style of the original, although much shorter, was constructed giving the illusion of original authenticity to the station. Haringey council funded the work and the station is considered a site of historic interest in the locality.

In May 2015 the station and all services that call there transferred from Abellio Greater Anglia to become part of the London Overground network. In November 2015 a major facelift for the station was announced.

In 2023 restoration work on the disused waiting rooms was completed, creating a new waiting room and a community space.

Services
All services at Bruce Grove are operated by London Overground using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 4 tph to London Liverpool Street
 * 2 tph to Cheshunt
 * 2 tph to Enfield Town

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours.

Connections
London Buses routes 123, 149, 243, 259, 279, 318, 341, 349, 476 and W4 and night routes N279 serve the station.

title: Bruce Grove railway station


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Samajwadi Jan Parishad

Samajwadi Jana Parishad (translation: "Socialist People's Council"), is a political party in India.

Foundation
The party was founded in 1995 by late Kishen Pattanayak and many grassroot level political organisations who believed in creating an alternative political culture. Active members of the party cannot have any association with foreign funded NGOs. The ideology of the party is based upon the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, Ram Manohar Lohiya, Jayaprakash Narayan, Ambedkar and Vinoba Bhave. It is active in 15 states. It believes that Globalisation is a counter-revolution phase and hence associates itself with anti-globalisation struggles.

It has involved in many historic struggles in various parts of India such as Mehdiganj, Mau (UP), Betul, Kesla (MP), Niyamgiri, Jagjitsinghpur-POSCO (Odisha), Jalpaiguri (North Bengal), Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) etc...

This was the only party to have protested and almost barged into the Commonwealth Games Office at Central Delhi protesting against the huge spending by the Govt.

The party is very close to many popular people's movements. It is a founding member of the National Alliance of People's Movements N A P M.

Party structure
In the 11th national council held at Jateswar, Alipurduar (West Bengal) on 29,30 April & 1 May 2017. the following are elected as its new office bearers.
 * President: Lingaraj Azad
 * Vice Presidents:
 * Adv Kamal Bannerjee
 * Adv Joshy Jacob
 * General Secretary: Aflatoon (Uttar Pradesh)
 * Organizing Secretary: Ranjit Kr Roy (West Bengal)
 * Secretaries: Phagh Ram (Madhya Pradesh), Prof Mahesh Vikram (UP), Tara Jadhav (Maharashtra), Atul Kumar (Delhi)
 * Treasurer: Dr. Chandra Bhusan Choudhary (Jharkhand)

Electoral records
It has been participating and contesting in general elections, but has not won any seats in the Rajyasabha or Loksabha or state assembly elections.

Madhya Pradesh - 2003
The party took part in Madhya Pradesh elections, with four candidates:
 * Mangal Sing for Ghora Dongri
 * Fagram - Itarsi
 * Shamim Modi - Harda
 * Ajay Khare - Rewa

Maharashtra - 2004
Sayeed Kasam Sayeed Jamruddin	 192-Gangapur

title: Samajwadi Jan Parishad


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title: Category:1400s deaths


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Category:Medieval historians

Historians who were active in the Middle Ages. For modern scholars of the Middle Ages, see Category:Medievalists.

title: Category:Medieval historians


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Mioveni

Mioveni is a town in Argeș County, Romania, approximately 15 km north-east of Pitești. , it had a population of 29,317. The town administers four villages: Clucereasa, Colibași, Făgetu, and Racovița.

History
Mioveni was first mentioned in a written record in 1485. It developed much in the 1970s after the construction of the Automobile Dacia manufacturing plant, inaugurated in 1968. There is also a Nuclear Research Institute, that builds components and materials for the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, and a high security prison.

It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program. Prior to April 1989, when it was declared a town, the place was a commune under the name of Colibași. In 1996, the historic name of Mioveni was revived, although the old village had been completely razed under the Communist regime in order to make way for new urban construction.

Economy
Automobile Dacia is headquartered in the town. The company's single plant here has a production capacity of 350,000 vehicles per year.

Sports
Its football team, CS Mioveni (formerly Dacia Mioveni) has played four seasons in the Romanian first league: in 2007–08, 2011–12, 2021–22 and 2022–23. They also reached the semifinals of the 2007–08 Romanian Cup.

Stadionul Orășenesc (which opened in 2000) is the home ground for the Mioveni team.

Natives

 * Andrei Panait

Twin cities
Planned partner city relations:
 * 🇭🇺 Nagyvázsony – Hungary
 * Probištip – North Macedonia
 * 🇭🇺 Kiskunlacháza – Hungary
 * 🇭🇺 Tököl – Hungary
 * 🇱🇹 Kaunas – Lithuania

title: Mioveni


text: Category:972 deaths

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User:Evgeni Sergeev

Here is a page I made for my father: Nik Sergeev's wood sculpture.

Pages touched
In 2004 expanded an article on tidal power, using information from research for a large first year project.

title: User:Evgeni Sergeev


text: Category:920s births

title: Category:920s births


text: Category:920s deaths

title: Category:920s deaths


text: Category:German historians

title: Category:German historians


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Is There Something I Should Know?

"Is There Something I Should Know?" is the eighth single by English new wave band Duran Duran, released on 14 March 1983.

The song was released as a stand-alone single and became the band's first UK number one record. It debuted in the number one position on the UK Singles Chart on 26 March 1983. The single also had great success in America, where it was released in late May. The song reached number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 on 6 August 1983 and sold more than a million copies.

Background
"Is There Something I Should Know?" was recorded at Tony Visconti’s Good Earth Studios in Soho, London with producer Ian Little, who was recommended to the group by Roxy Music’s Phil Manzanera. Eventually, the song would undergo several rounds of mixing due to a lack of compression on the drums as Little asserted: one mix was done at Good Earth, one at Eel Pie Studios, one at The Gallery and one at The Power Station in New York with Bob Clearmountain. Keyboardist Nick Rhodes remembered being present most of the night during the mix with Clearmountain and leaving the next day thinking the band had something special on their hands. But upon reflection some days later, it was decided that despite being what they considered a "beautiful mix", it was a little too soft for the sound they were trying to achieve for the record. So the final mix would be done with producer Alex Sadkin (who'd be brought in to produce the band's next album alongside Little, Seven and the Ragged Tiger) and Phil Thornalley at RAK Studios, London, who replaced the drums with samples triggered via AMS delay units.

Although generally regarded as a stand-alone single, it was added to the 1983 US re-issue of the band's 1981 debut album, Duran Duran.

The singles from the Duran Duran album did not receive much airplay in the United States on the album's first release; both the band and the New Romantic fashion style were unknown, and very few British bands were able to break into American radio at that time. However, by the end of 1982, the band's Rio album was rapidly climbing the American charts, fueled by saturation airplay of various Duran Duran videos on MTV. The band and their label, Capitol/EMI, decided to re-release the debut album in the United States with the inclusion of this newly recorded single.

Because of the time limitations of vinyl records, the inclusion of "Is There Something I Should Know?" required the omission of the album track "To the Shore" on the reissue. "To the Shore" was reinstated on later compact disc pressings.

"Is There Something I Should Know?" was the opening song on Duran Duran's set list for the 1983/84 Seven and the Ragged Tiger tour—as well as the charity concert at Villa Park in 1983.

In its contemporary review of the song, Cash Box praised "the upbeat arrangement, clear production and lustrous vocals." David Hepworth of Smash Hits just noticed that producer change lead to "more pronounced rock group sound" and expressed displeasure with impossibility to do something "with an overly-strained chorus." In a retrospective review of the song, AllMusic journalist Donald A. Guarisco wrote that the lyrics "deal with a difficult romantic relationship in rather obtuse terms." Guarisco highlighted what he described as "odd turns of phrase" in the lyrics, such as: "and fiery demons all dance when you walk through that door/Don't say you're easy on me 'cause you're about as easy as a nuclear war."

Although Guarisco questioned the lyrics, he praised the melody in the song. He wrote: "The melody of 'Is There Something I Should Know?' is one of Duran Duran's catchiest, matching twisty verse melodies full of ear-catching hooks with a harmonized chorus."

According to Nick Rhodes, the pulsing keyboard sound is from a Roland Jupiter-8 synth, while the Prophet-5 was used for a small melodic part.

Music video
The video for "Is There Something I Should Know?" featured colour clips of the band members, in blue shirts with tucked-in white ties, interspersed with surreal images in black-and-white. The video made a point of marking the transition between the first three albums, featuring clips from several earlier Duran Duran videos. This included "My Own Way"—presented on the Duran Duran video album but never released to MTV.

The video was directed by Russell Mulcahy, and was one of the most popular videos of 1983 on MTV. The video is longer as there are verses that were edited out of the original 45 release, that subsequently made it to album, tape and CD. The DVD Greatest Hits has the long version video

When asked if there was anything about their videos they'd like to change, drummer Roger Taylor commented, "The only part of a video I would change is the end of 'Is There Something I Should Know?' where I am singing to the camera. I look very uncomfortable doing this and cringe every time I see it to this day."

B-sides, bonus tracks and remixes
The B-side to "Is There Something I Should Know?" in the UK is the instrumental "Faith in This Colour". An "alternate slow mix" of "Faith in This Colour" was used on the 7" single, some pressings of which included brief unauthorized sound samples from the movie Star Wars—these were promptly withdrawn when copyright concerns were raised, although on the "alternate slow mix" from the singles box set, the scene, in which Obi-Wan leaves to disable the tractor beam, can clearly be heard in the last minute.

The mainly instrumental "Monster mix" of "Is There Something I Should Know?" was completed by producers Ian Little and Alex Sadkin and Phil Thornalley at RAK studio One.

In the US, the song "Careless Memories" was used as the B-side.

7": EMI / EMI 5371 United Kingdom

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" – 4:11
 * 2) "Faith in This Colour" (alternate slow mix) – 4:06

12": EMI / 12 EMI 5371 United Kingdom

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Monster mix) – 6:43
 * 2) "Faith in This Colour" – 4:06

7": Capitol / B-5233 United States

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" – 4:07
 * 2) "Careless Memories" – 3:53
 * Track 2 is the album version.

12": Capitol / 8551 United States

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Monster mix) – 6:40
 * 2) "Faith in This Colour" – 4:05

12": EMI / EMI Electrola 1C K062-65-106Z Germany

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Monster mix) – 6:43
 * 2) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (short mix) – 4:06
 * 3) "Faith in This Colour" – 4:04
 * Track 2 "short mix" is the single version.

CD: Part of Singles Box Set 1981–1985

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" – 4:11
 * 2) "Faith in This Colour" – 4:05
 * 3) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Monster mix) – 6:40
 * 4) "Faith in This Colour" (alternate slow mix) – 4:05
 * "Monster mix" remixed by Alex Sadkin, Ian Little and Phil Thornalley.

Covers, samples and media references
The band Sugar Ray took elements from the video and featured them in a segment of the music video for their single "When It's Over".

Cover versions of the song have been recorded by the Mr. T Experience, Harvey Danger and Allstars, the last of which took the song back into the UK charts at #12 in September 2001 as a double-A-side with their own track "Things That Go Bump in the Night".

The second episode of the sixth season of the cartoon series The Venture Bros., entitled "Maybe No Go", follows Billy Quizboy and Pete White retrieving the rubber ball prop used in the music video from their archenemy, a collector of pop culture memorabillia.

The line "you're about as easy as a nuclear war" was the inspiration for the Duran Duran song "Yo Bad Azizi", included as a B-side to the "Serious" single released seven years later.

CD

 * 1) "Things That Go Bump in the Night"
 * 2) "Is There Something I Should Know?"
 * 3) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Almighty mix)
 * 4) "Things That Go Bump in the Night" (video)

Cassette

 * 1) "Things That Go Bump in the Night"
 * 2) "Is There Something I Should Know?"
 * 3) "That Crazy Thing That We Call Love"

12" vinyl

 * 1) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Mothership mix)
 * 2) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (Almighty mix)
 * 3) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (K Boys club mix)
 * 4) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (radio edit)
 * 5) "Things That Go Bump in the Night" (Xenomania mix)
 * 6) "Things That Go Bump in the Night" (radio edit)

Promo CD

 * 1) "Things That Go Bump in the Night" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Is There Something I Should Know?" (radio edit)

Year-end charts
As of October 2021 "Is There Something I Should Know?" is the eleventh most streamed Duran Duran song in the UK.

Personnel
Duran Duran
 * Simon Le Bon – vocals, harmonica
 * Nick Rhodes – keyboards
 * John Taylor – bass guitar
 * Roger Taylor – drums
 * Andy Taylor – guitar, vocals

Technical
 * Ian Little – producer
 * Alex Sadkin – mixer
 * Phil Thornalley – mix engineer
 * Mike Nocito – mix assistant engineer

title: Is There Something I Should Know?


text:
James Clarence Mangan

James Clarence Mangan, born James Mangan (Séamus Ó Mangáin; 1 May 1803 – 20 June 1849), was an Irish poet. He freely translated works from German, Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and Irish, with his translations of Goethe gaining special interest. Starting around 1840, and with increasing frequency after the Great Famine began, he wrote patriotic poems, such as A Vision of Connaught in the Thirteenth Century. Mangan was troubled, eccentric, and an alcoholic. He died early from cholera, amid the continuing dire conditions of the Famine. After his death, Mangan was hailed as Ireland's first national poet and admired by writers such as James Joyce and William Butler Yeats.

Early life
Mangan was born at Fishamble Street, Dublin, the son of James Mangan, a former hedge school teacher and native of Shanagolden, County Limerick, and Catherine Smith from Kiltale, County Meath. After marrying Smith, James Mangan took over a grocery business in Dublin owned by the Smith family, eventually becoming bankrupt as a result.

Mangan described his father as having "a princely soul but no prudence", and attributed his family's bankruptcy to his father's suspect business speculations and tendency to throw expensive parties. Thanks to poor record keeping, inconsistent biographies, and his own semi-fictional and sensationalized autobiographical accounts, Mangan's early years are the subject of much speculation. However, despite the popular image of Mangan as a long-suffering, poor poet, there is reason to believe that his early years were spent in relative middle-class comfort.

He was educated at a Jesuit school where he learned Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian. He attended three schools before the age of fifteen. Obliged to find a job in order to support his family, for seven years he was a scrivener's clerk and for three years earned meagre wages in an attorney's office, and was later an employee of the Ordnance Survey and an assistant in the library of Trinity College, Dublin.

Literary career
Mangan's first verses were published in 1818. From 1820 he adopted the middle name Clarence. In 1830 he began producing translations – generally free interpretations rather than strict transliterations – from German, a language he had taught himself. Of interest are his translations of Goethe. From 1834 his contributions began appearing in the Dublin University Magazine. In 1840 he began producing translations from Turkish poetry, Persian poetry, Arabic poetry, and Irish poetry. He was also known for literary hoaxes; some of his "translations" are in fact works of his own, like Twenty Golden Years Ago, attributed to a certain Selber. His connection with The Dublin University Magazine was terminated because his habits rendered him incapable of regular application.

He was friends with the patriotic journalists Thomas Davis, and John Mitchel, who would write his biography. His poems were published in their newspaper The Nation. Mangan was for a time paid a fixed salary, but, as on former occasions, these relations were broken off, though he continued to send verses to "The Nation" even after he had cast in his lot with Mitchel, who in 1848 began to issue The United Irishman.

Although his early poetry was often apolitical, after the Famine he began writing patriotic poems, including influential works such as Dark Rosaleen, a translation of Róisín Dubh and A Vision of Connaught in the Thirteenth Century.

His best-known poems include Dark Rosaleen, Siberia, Nameless One, A Vision of Connaught in the Thirteenth Century, The Funerals, To the Ruins of Donegal Castle, Pleasant Prospects for the Land-eaters and Woman of Three Cows. He wrote a brief autobiography, on the advice of his friend Charles Patrick Meehan, which ends mid-sentence. This must have been written in the last months of his life, since he mentions his narrative poem of the Italian Gasparo Bandollo, which was published in the Dublin University Magazine in May 1849.

Mangan was a lonely and often difficult man who suffered from mood swings, depression and irrational fears, and became a heavy drinker and opium user. There are many descriptions of his personal appearance at this time, all of them dwelling on his spare figure, his tight blue cloak, his witch's hat, and his inevitable umbrella. He was described by the artist William Frederick Wakeman as frequently wearing "a huge pair of green spectacles", padded shirts to hide his malnourished figure, and a hat which "resembled those which broomstick-riding witches are usually represented with". In 1849, weakened by poverty, alcoholism and malnutrition, he succumbed to cholera aged only 46. He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

Style
Mangan's poetry fits into a variety of literary traditions. Most obviously, and frequently, his work is read alongside such nationalist political authors as John Mitchel, as they appeared in The Nation, The Vindicator and the United Irishman newspapers; or as a manifestation of the 19th-century Irish Cultural Revival. It is hard not to acknowledge Mangan's debts to such translators and collectors of traditional Irish poetry as Samuel Ferguson and James Hardiman; many of Mangan's poems, for instance Dark Roseleen, appear to be adaptations of earlier translations rather than original translations.

Mangan is also frequently read as a Romantic poet. In particular, he is compared to Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas De Quincey, largely thanks to his rumoured opium addiction and tendency to place his writing within the frame of a vision or dream.

More recently, critics have begun to read Mangan's work as a precursor to modernist and postmodernist experimental writing. His playful literary hoaxes and fake translations (which he called "reverse plagiarism") have been seen as a precursor to the works of Flann O'Brien.

Reception and legacy
During his life and immediately after, Mangan's legacy was co-opted by Irish nationalism, primarily thanks to John Mitchel's biography of Mangan, which stressed that Mangan was "a rebel with his whole heart and soul against the whole British spirit". Naturally, this helped to propel Mangan's legacy as Ireland's first national poet, and to lead later Irish writers to look back at his work.

James Joyce wrote two essays on Mangan, the first in 1902 and the second in 1907 and also used his name in his works, for instance in Araby in Dubliners. Joyce wrote that in Mangan's poetry "images interweave [their] soft, luminous scarves and words ring like brilliant mail, and whether the song is of Ireland or of Istambol it has the same refrain, a prayer that peace may come again to her who has lost peace, the moonwhite pearl of his soul". Joyce also described Mangan as "a prototype for a would-be-nation", but stressed that he was ultimately a "feeble figure" that fell short of such promise.

WB Yeats considered Mangan one of the best Irish poets, along with Thomas Davis and Samuel Ferguson, writing "To the soul of Clarence Mangan was tied the burning ribbon of Genius."

Among the contemporary Irish writers he has influenced are Thomas Kinsella; Michael Smith; James McCabe, who wrote a sensationally discovered continuation of Mangan's autobiography that appeared in the Dublin journal Metre in 2001, but was later revealed – in a Mangan-style hoax – to be written by McCabe rather than Mangan; and David Wheatley, author of a sonnet sequence on Mangan. He is also cited by songwriter Shane MacGowan as an inspiration for both his work and his lifestyle. McGowan's song "The Snake with Eyes of Garnet" features Mangan as a character: Last night as I lay dreaming My way across the sea James Mangan brought me comfort With laudanum and poitin… A 1979 novel by Northern Irish/Canadian novelist Brian Moore, The Mangan Inheritance, tells the story of (fictional) young American James Mangan traveling to Ireland to find whether he is descended from the poet.

While Mangan still is not held in the same esteem by critics as Joyce or Yeats, more recent literary criticism has begun to seriously consider his work. Largely, this can be attributed to the publication of David Lloyd's Nationalism and Minor Literature: James Clarence Mangan and the Emergence of Irish Cultural Nationalism in 1987. Lloyd's work was the first to seriously attempt to untangle Mangan the man from the nationalist poet fostered by John Mitchel.

Private papers of Mangan are held in the National Library of Ireland, the Royal Irish Academy, and the archives of Trinity College, Dublin.

title: James Clarence Mangan


text:
Talk:Victory Arch

Hands of Victory
"Cast in Iraq, they are partly composed of metal from guns and tanks of Iraqi soldiers killed in the Iran-Iraq war." Iraqi or Iranian? Just wanted to make sure, as I thought using the equipment of ones own casualties for a monument is a little backwards, though still understandable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.241.134.229 (talk) 02:20, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Bullet holes in helmets?
I heard a programme on BBC radio yesterday which had someone (an American soldier, I think) saying that most of the Iranian helmets had a single bullet hole in them, caused when the solder (a POW) was executed, reportedly by Saddam personally. I can't find any mention of this here, or anywhere else. If it's true (not just black propaganda or febrile imaginings) and we can find some reference to that effect, mentioning this would make an important improvement to this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.152.16.135 (talk • contribs)

 * A few of the helmets do have what appear to be bullet holes in them. I would say from my observations yesterday that the majority of the helmets do not appear to have holes in them. I spent probably about an hour there and even climbed up into one of the hands, with the assistance of one of the local national children. Doc Duffy

I have made a few changes to the article, attempting to refine the technical details of the sculpture. The blades, for example, are cast in stainless steel, not bronze, and it is only the blades that are composed of metals from the weapons of Iraqi casualties in the Iran-Iraq war. I have also changed the fact about the bullet holes in the helmets, nothing I have read has indicated that each and every helmet is pierced by a bullet, but indeed, many have. For these clarifications, I am referring to the book, "The Monument: Art, Vulgarity and Responsibility in Iraq" by Samir al-Khalil, who's real name is Kanan Makiya. -NLK 12:46 November 4, 2006

 * Sadam Hussein always claimed that the bullet holes in the helmets were caused by gunfire during the actual war. Scholars have always doubted the veracity of Hussein's claims, but the notion of bullet holes is an integral part of Hussein's narrative about the war and Iraq's victory, and a key element of the monument's symbolism. The monument was always intended to be a testament to victory, and also designed to immortalise Saddam Hussein himself as a strong and powerful leader. The monument is aggressive in its symbolism - and that is the whole point of it! (Why else are the helmets even included as an element in the sculpture?) References to bullet holes, inevitably qualified as a "claim" by the then Iraqi leader, are not difficult to find in the scholarly literature (see, for example, Amatzia Baram's Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq, 1968-89, Springer, 1991, p.81 OR Weschler, L., Calamities of Exile: Three Nonfiction Novellas, University of Chicago Press, 1998, p. 44) AND/OR in reputable newspaper articles, (see for instance, Kirk Semple, "Iraq Confronts Hussein Legacy Cast in Bronze," 8 April, 2007, Online:)

 * Obviously, based on the preceding comments, there are some concerns about offfending political sensitivities. However, this does not necessarily mean that references to bullet holes need to be written out of the story altogether. Instead, they can be presented as qualified statements, in the same way that scholars qualify their writing, by simply presenting the information as part of the monument's "narrative." This effectively distances both the editor, and Wikipedia from the comments, and should mollify any objections from political interest groups.

 * I am not a fan of deleting content without doing a few basic checks. It may not be factual that EVERY helmet has a hole, but it is a FACT that Hussein promulgated the idea that the helmets were pierced by bullets. Any attempt to write references to bullet holes out of this article, effectively undermine the intended symbolism inherent in the monument, and therefore diminishes the monument's significance, not just to local Iraqi's, but also to the art community across the world.

Iraq's victory in the Iran Iraq war
Hello there,

I think the way it is written in the article is quite biased. The results of the Iran-Iraq war have more been a return to the status quo between the parties than anything else. Iranians consider to have successfully resisted an invasion backed by Western and Arab countries while Iraqis think they caused more damage than they got.

Thus, to bring neutrality back, I suggest to put either "commemorate Iran-Irak war" or "commemorate what Iraqis consider as a victory in Iran-Irak war". I personnally prefer the neutrality of the first proposition.

Cheers, Keizer

I agree, and I will insert some sort of clarification. What's with the spelling of Iraq as "Irak"? Is this linguistic variation? If so, I am curious as to what language it is derived... -NLK

Sorry, I muddle sometimes between the French spelling "Irak" and the English one :) Keizer

move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Victory Arch. Sources and consensus are pointing there. Regards, MacMedtalk stalk  22:17, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

Hands of Victory → Arc of Triumph, Baghdad — Relisted. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:53, 23 February 2011 (UTC) Official name in Arabic is "قوس النصر"، which is easily translated to Arc of Triumph. Check article for references. R a f y  talk 03:24, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment WP:Use English; but what is the common usage in English? 64.229.101.183 (talk) 04:50, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * "Hands of Victory" seems to slightly have the upper hand here. But again this name was popularised after the American invasion apparently by some bloggers. The official name in Arabic is "قوس النصر" and it can be found in official publications. R a f y  talk 11:35, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Dear Rafy. I have reverted your changes of the name in the article. Your webproof is in arabic. Please supply proof in English. I have been in Iraq before and when you talk to Iraquis they call them the Hands of Victory as well. I'm against the name change and move. --Shorty23sin (talk) 03:17, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Please refer to WP:NOENG before making any personal judgements about non-english sources. Removal of referenced paragraphs might be considered vandalism. I was born and raised in Iraq and I assure that I have never heard of the term "Hands of Victory". The structure is very commonly known as "قوس النصر".
 * The NY times used another term (Victory Arch) derived from Arabic here. --R a f y  talk 07:42, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * You have to provide the english translation for the original foreign language source. I have not seen your english translation. --Shorty23sin (talk) 09:48, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Check the discussion bellow for English sources. The website refered to is the official website of the Governorate of Baghdad. Unfortunately they don't have an English version. but you can use google translate to check the claim yourself. R a f y  talk 20:06, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose. We should follow English usage, not (translated) Arabic usage. Rafy says (above) that "Hands of Victory" is most common in English; that means we should use it. Ucucha 19:15, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * It looks like I spoke too soon. A google search with different possible combinations of "arch of victory", "victory arch" or "arch of triumph" yelds 158,000 results. While "hands of victory" shows merely 14,700 results. A similar search in google books shows similar results. I see no reason in keeping the current title. R a f y  talk 22:00, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Raw Google numbers are all but meaningless. The Google Books results for "Arch of Victory" and "Hands of Victory" are to a large extent about other structures. In any case, your numbers don't support the name "Arc of Triumph". Ucucha 22:14, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * search in google books in combination with "iraq" yields 255 vs. 89 in favour of "arch of victory" or "victory arch". R a f y  talk 22:28, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * In that case, moving to "Victory Arch" seems reasonable. Ucucha 22:36, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Support move to "Victory Arch". My Google Books searches indicate that that is the more widely-used term, although "Hands of Victory" is gaining in popularity. Perhaps in a few years, it will be acceptable to return to this title, but for now, "Victory Arch" is preferable. Dohn joe (talk) 20:05, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support move to Victory Arch This seems to be the correct translation according to sources. walk victor falktalk 07:54, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Elaborate on debate
The debate about whether to keep the arch intact needs to be spelled out. What were the arguments in favor and against? 98.210.208.107 (talk) 19:09, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Who was the designer? Who is Adil Kamil?
I can find no record anywhere of an Iraqi sculptor by the name of Adil Kamil who the article claims was the sculptor who designed the monument.

It is fairly clear that Saddam Hussein came up with the design concept, but the article claims that a mystery man, Adil Kamil, was charged with the task of converting the concept into drawings. However, one of the books that is actually quoted in the article, Samir Al-Khalil and Kanan Makiya's The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, specifically states that the original designer was Khaled al-Rahal, who died before he could complete the work. The project was then turned over to Mohammed Ghani Hikmat who completed it. (see pp 1-2)

Other publications that also attribute Khaled Rahal and Mohammed Ghani include:

 * Jonathan Bloom and Sheila S. Blair (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Oxford University Press, 2009

 * Malcolm Miles, Iain Borden and Tim Hall, The City Cultures Reader,Psychology Press, 2000, p. 104

 * Maruska Svasek, The Anthropology Art and Cultural Production: Histories, Themes, Perspectives, Pluto Press, 2007, p. 74

 * Design Book Review, Issues 21-24, 1991, p.7

In newspaper/ magazine articles, Ghani is generally credited with complegting this work. So, where did Adil Kamil come from????????????? Can anyone out there enlighten me?? BronHiggs (talk) 12:35, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

Update
Well, it has only been one day since I posted the preceding comment about a glaring error in the article. But in spite of the short notice, and in the absence of any discussion, I have begun cleaning up the article. The error has been present since the article was started back in 2003. That means that it has been there for 15 years, and I notice that mirror sites and blogs which tend to quote Wikipedia, have perpetuated the mistake, so that the Internet is now replete with misinformation. It's time that the article was corrected. BronHiggs (talk) 21:52, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

Postscript
After a bit more searching, I have found one reference to one Adil Kamil who was an Abassynian novelist, active in the 1940s. This cannot be the same Adil Kamil, who was incorrectly cited as the sculptor of this monument, in the Wikipedia article. This misinformation has remained in the article for 15 years, and has proliferated across the Internet due to the sheer volume of sources that cut and paste from Wikipedia. The actual designer of the monument was Khalid (or Khaled) al-Rahal who died in 1986, after which the monument was completed by Mohammed Ghani Hikmat. In case, there is any doubt, here are a few more references that credit the al-Rahal/Ghani team with the project's design and construction:

 * Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., The Monument: Art and Vulgarity in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, IB Taurus, 2004, p. 1 (one of the authors, Kanan Makiya, is the son of Iraqi sculptor, Mohammed Makiya, who was a contemporary of al-Rahal)

 * Floyd, T. E.,, "Hikmet, Mohammed Ghani (1929–2011)" in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism, Routledge, 2016, DOI: 10.4324/9781135000356-REM830-1 doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM830-1 Online:

 * Brown, B.A. and Feldman, M.H. (eds), Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, Walter de Gruyter, 2014 p.20

 * Weschler, L. Calamities of Exile: Three Nonfiction Novellas, University of Chicago Press, 1998, p. 44

 * Marozzi, J., Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood, Penguin UK, 2014 [E-book edition], n.p. [not paginated]

 * Michalski, S., Public Monuments: Art in Political Bondage 1870-1997, Reaktion Books, 1998 p. 198

This search only consists of books/articles available via Google Books, and does not include books published before 1980 - there are plenty of journal articles, etc published in the 60s an 70s that also cite the al-Rahal/ Ghani team, but I have not itemised these. Nor does it include books from an actual library search (I wonder if anyone actually goes to the Library any more?) BronHiggs (talk) 05:45, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:41, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * 100IQD1991back.jpg

Documentation of Additional Media added
I have added Video Footage of Iraqi Army Parades at the Monument I have also added a construction Image during 1986-1989 — Preceding unsigned comment added by PreserveOurHistory (talk • contribs) 14:49, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Victory Arch


text:
Bun'an

Bun'an (文安) was a Japanese era name (年号) after Kakitsu and before Hotoku. This period spanned the years from February 1444 through July 1449. The reigning emperor was Go-Hanazono-tennō (後花園天皇).

Change of era

 * 1444 Bun'an gannen (文安元年): The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kakitsu 4.

Events of the Bun'an era

 * 1444 (Bun'an 1, 1st month): Yoshinari made his first visit to Kanrei Hatakeyama Motokuni; and on this occasion, all the avenues along the route to and from the meeting were highly guarded.
 * 1444 (Bun'an 1, 4th month): The inhabitants of the eastern part of the capital and the western part of the capital each demanded exclusive rights to sell the dregs remaining from sake brewing. Crowds gathered at the Shinto shrine, Kitano Tenman-gū. Kanrei Motokuni sent troops to arrest the troublemakers, but they all escaped after having reduced the temple and much of western Kyoto to cinders.
 * 1444 (Bun'an 1, 8th month): One of the Three Sacred Treasures was found after it had been missing for several months. The Sacred Jewel had been stolen in Kakitsu 3, on the 23rd day of the 9th month. Intruders in the palace had managed to steal all of the Sacred Treasures – the mirror, the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard found the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the location of the jewel remained unknown until the 8th month of Bun'an gannen.
 * 1445 (Bun'an 2, 11th month): The kampaku Nijō Mochimoto died at age 48. Konoe Fusatsugu and Ichijō Kaneyoshi became the two primary contenders for this newly vacated position. The emperor sought Kanrei Motokuni's counsel before naming Fusatsugu to be the new kampaku. The dainagon Fujiwara Tokifusa becomes naidaijin.
 * 1445 (Bun'an 2, 11th month): Hosokawa Katsumoto was named kanrei at the age of 12.
 * 1446 (Bun'an 3, 11th month): The kampaku Fusatsugu asked the emperor to relieve him of his position as sadaijin. The udaijin Takakasa Fusahira succeeded Fusatsugu as sadaijin; and the dainagon Nijō Mochimichi became udaijin.
 * 1446 (Bun'an 3, 11th month): The shōgun received a patent from the emperor by which he learned that his name of "Yoshinari" had received Imperial approval.
 * 1447 (Bun'an 4, 11th month): Yoshinari exercised regularly to improve the accuracy of his archery, and his arrows began to hit the center of the target sometimes.
 * 1448 (Bun'an 5, i2nd month): The emperor moved in procession to visit his father; and the entire route was guarded by the troops of Hosokawa Katsumoto.

title: Bun'an


text:
Category:Byzantine historians

This category is for historians who were nationals of the Byzantine Empire.

title: Category:Byzantine historians


text:
User:Semolina Pilchard

Manifesto
I'm on a life mission to help the world spin more efficiently. Therefore we will..embark on not one or 17; but 23!!~@ Semolina Pilchard originated from the Beatles song "I Am The Walrus". Many people have tried to find the true meaning behind this name, but it is actually quite simple. Semolina is a type of pudding that John Lennon was forced to eat as a child, and Pilchard is a type of sardine that was usually fed to cats. Semolina may also refer to seedless and usually high quality marijuana. (Actually I think you meant sensimilla {without seeds [SP]}. Nice try, though.)

Semolina Pilchard is the nickname that John Lennon gave to Detective Sergeant [Norman Pilcher] Head of Scotland Yard drugs squad unit.

A second Opinion
I'm almost fearful to post this. It's all about how modern drugs cause mind expansion and creativity which Furthur progresses the evolution of mankind. OK, everyone knows of the story about how the "traditional Victorian" French did not approve of Eiffel's "modern" tower built for The Exposition Universally of 1889 which was a World's Fair held in Paris, France from 6 May to 31 October 1889. Now on to the meaning of Semolina Pilchard. Semolina Pilchard is code for the recipe of LSD. To make LSD one must combine lystricic acid with the alkaline diethylamide. Lysric acid is derived from ergot that grows on rye and Semolina and diethylamide is derived from Triethylamine( A fish byproduct ). Triethylamine is what makes fish smell fishy. So one takes the rot of Semolina and infuse it with the stench of pilchard and you now have LSD. I even had an old hippie make the correlation of Jesus at The sermon on the mount who gave out an endless supply of Bread & fish; but he was probably as crazy as the Spanish who named the native American cactus "San Pedro". Saint Peter The keeper of heavens gate. Just sayin..By Left wing Nut

Guiding Lights

 * Accuracy
 * Precision
 * Accessibility
 * Good grammar.
 * //politics.guardin.co.uk/foi/story/0,9061,1540150,00.html

Semolina Pilchard is said to be a detective that arrested John Paul and Brian Epstein for marijuana possession Please note, some errors in the above:

sinsemilla is high quality marijuana made from unfertilized female plants. Semolina is a high quality(high fiber, adds texture) wheat flower.Also note that ergot is a fungus that only grows on rye flower and again semolina is a high quality wheat used mainly in pasta.

pilchard was not the officer's name and paul and brian were not arrested.

It's lysergic acid, not lystricic or lysric or any of the other misspellings. Diethylamine, which is used to produce LSD, is not derived from triethylamine, and simply mixing the acid with diethylamine will not produce LSD. One might convert the free acid to the acyl chloride by treating it with thionyl chloride. Reacting the acyl chloride with diethylamine would then produce the diethylamide. Please, if you don't understand chemistry, don't use chemical terminology and nomenclature.

The new book about Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones ("Brian Jones: The Making of the Rolling Stones" by Paul Trynka) details several arrests by officer Pilcher. Pilcher was later censured by British authorities for abusing power, false arrest and other offenses.

title: User:Semolina Pilchard


text: Category:1083 births

title: Category:1083 births


text:
Talk:Intellectual

Non Thread
I feel lists of intellectuals are arbitary and should not be included.

 * The list is of public intellectuals; it is rather easier to judge who belongs on a list such as that, at least for recent times. Of course the current list could easily be improved. Should no examples of intellectuals be mentioned? Charles Matthews 14:11, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

On this issue: someone wrote

 * The following list is extremely biased to the far-left.

Well, it might be biased to the left. Do we need to 'balance' the list? To add a discussion of why self-identified intellectuals have often been on the left? To amplify the discussion as to why 'intellectual' was (in the wake of the Dreyfus affair) a derogatory term applied to the left from the right? To give up on listing intellectuals in this way? To start identifying conservative intellectuals who would agree to the term?

Charles Matthews 09:54, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The list has gone - and the article is better for that. Charles Matthews 21:59, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This explanation of intellectualism committed the common fallacy that the use of the mind is naturally antagonistic to the use of the heart. In fact, intellectualism is not the same as attempting to be a robot-- the term merely refers a lifestyle dedicated to knowledge, learning and critical thinking. Thus, the antonym to intellectual is ignorant.

Anti-intellectualism
This explanation of intellectualism committed the common fallacy that the use of the mind is naturally antagonistic to the use of the heart. In fact, intellectualism is not the same as attempting to be a robot-- the term merely refers a lifestyle dedicated to knowledge, learning and critical thinking.

Definitions
I have problem with the definition. An intellectual is by definition a belligerent person --a point seriously missed here. The intellectual use his education/intelligence to challenge and ultimately combat the dogmas, ideas and descriptions put forward by others (others, who might not be intellectual, but educated and intelligent). This also make the definition of the anti-intellectual slightly more complicated than portrayed here --portrayed as an ignorant. Anti-intellectualism should be understood as a political -ism, an anti-elitist and neo-liberal movement that challenge the intellectual left. Anti-intellectualism is an intelligent/educated reaction against, as the anti-intellectual believes, the delusional ideas constructed by the left. Was Ronald Reagan an Intellectual?

This definition is terrible: "An intellectual is a person who primarily uses intelligence in either a professional or an individual capacity." By that definition, *I* am an intellectual. And I'm just a lawyer who helps my company fire people. But I don't think "belligerent" is a necessary prerequisite. Again, I'm belligerent. Socrates, however, was not, and I'd advance him as perhaps the archetypal intellectual. What made Socrates-- and other intellectuals-- challenging was not that he made a point of combating other's ideas. That's just being a jerk. Rather, an intellectual is habitually, incessantly, and ruthlessly inquisitive. Someone who is always asking questions in a world that prefers settled answers will be perceived as belligerent and challenging. "An intellectual is interested in everything-- and nothing else." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.68.128.90 (talk) 15:00, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

Intellectuals do more than study society. They also study the material world. The definition is biased toward humanities and the social science without recognizing the greater intellectualism of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, etc. Eyes down, human. (talk) 17:15, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

Certainly in my socio-cultural sphere, (privileged and academic with most having achieved doctorates and higher in their field) where most people would meet the definition as stated, the term ‘intellectual’ has a negative or derogatory nuance, implying that someone is more interested in ‘looking/sounding’ insightful without necessarily contributing to a change in the status quo: intellectuals talk rather than do, and are more interested in gaming the discussion than in any practical outcomes. This isn’t anti-intellectualism - huge value is placed on education, independent thought, careful research, and critical thinking - but it identifies the term with posturing. 20040302 (talk) 09:36, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

Belletrist
Should the word 'belletrist' be included under the section "Men of Letters"? I see that the Cyril Connolly entry in wikipedia links to this page as "man of letters", but in Wikiquote he's a "belletrist", which seems to be a synonym.

 * I think belles lettres is effectively limited to the writing of literary criticism (biography, history) in an essayistic style. It's not ridiculous for him, but a rather dated concept in general. Charles Matthews 22:36, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Intellectual is also an adjective, and that's its first meaning in American English - why no mention?
When you run a search in "Google" for "intellectual," the Wikipedia suggestion pops up first, stating only that it is a noun (a person). But intellectual also refers to and is widely used as an adjective. It may even have been the first meaning of the word in classical English. Outside of upper brow writing and publications, it will mostly be used as an adjective. Calling someone an intellectual, I think, went out of fashion to some degree when Adlai Stevenson lost. I really like Bennett Cerf, mind you ... I just think the article needs to consider modern usage.

This is Merriam-Webster:

Main Entry: 1in·tel·lec·tu·al Pronunciation: "in-t&l-'ek-ch&-w&l, -ch&l, -shw&l Function: adjective 1 a : of or relating to the intellect or its use b : developed or chiefly guided by the intellect rather than by emotion or experience : RATIONAL c : requiring use of the intellect 2 a : given to study, reflection, and speculation b : engaged in activity requiring the creative use of the intellect - in·tel·lec·tu·al·i·ty /-"ek-ch&-'wa-l&-tE/ noun - in·tel·lec·tu·al·ly /-'ek-ch&-w&-lE, -ch&-lE, -shw&-lE/ adverb - in·tel·lec·tu·al·ness /-'ek-ch&-w&l-n&s, -ch&l-, -shw&l-/ noun

Main Entry: 2intellectual Function: noun 1 plural, archaic : intellectual powers 2 : an intellectual person Noirdame 18:30, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, this isn't Wiktionary and we aren't responsible for every part of speech. The default is that article titles are nouns. Charles Matthews 20:19, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Elitisism
Is criticism of intellectualism as an elitistic thing a point of interest? don't really know much about it, sorry. But I hope you get my point. Ehjort 20:00, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure the argument applies to intellectualism itself, but certainly could be applied to academia and other such social organizations. It would definetly be an interesting addition :) --Resaebiunne 06:22, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I might add "Intellectual as a derogatory term" to this, eg. "those damn commie intellectuals". The word has come to mean in certain circles "liberal" (in the american political non-libertarianist sense), "progressive" (also as a derogatory term), and "humanist" (also as a derogatory term).  You probably detect my cynicism at the mere concept of criticising intellectualism (did I just invent a word there, or does it exist?), but I've heard the term used in a derogatory manner, so maybe we should give "conservatwattipeida" some credit and add a "criticism of intellectuals" section.  Free speech, after all.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.68.95.79 (talk) 23:28, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

I believe the idea that the label "intellectual" is an elitist term comes from the label itself. It suggests that there are people who do not "[use] intelligence and critical or analytical reasoning", if I may cite the current wording on the wiki page. It's almost like calling all people who have not been blessed with this prestigious label as stupid. All humans use intellectual thought processes, despite how we may view one another's ideologies and points of view, yet this article currently implies otherwise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.101.13.240 (talk) 03:26, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Under the Heading "Academics and Public Intellectuals"
Just curious, it states: "In some contexts, especially journalistic speech, intellectual refers to academics, generally in the humanities, especially philosophy, who speak about various issues of social or political import. These are so-called public intellectuals — in effect communicators."

I think clarification needs be made that intellectualism does not imply academic rigour, nor is implicitly linked to academia, but back to my original intent, why the emphasis on humanities and philosophy? I don't think there is much to be gained here by pointing out that "some contexts, especially journalistic speech" are more inclined towards intellectualism, let alone relegated to the humanities or philosophy. Perhaps a better choice of wording is needed to point out these are the classical roots of intellectualism. --Resaebiunne 06:22, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

European intellectuals
"European intellectuals, such as Johan Norberg, on the other hand tend to criticise bloated welfare systems and demand more libertarian politics." Really? I don't think so... I'm European, and the intellegentsia have a reputation for leftism. In Britain, for example, 90% of academics vote for the Labour or Liberal Democratic parties (and many of the rest for the Greens). The general trend among European academics and indeed the entire professional middle class is very much pro the welfare state. --Phileosophian 11:29, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree with that. The rubber-stamping of all American intellectuals as Leftist and all European intellectuals as Rightist seems to be a rather narrow view of intellectual diversity in both the United States and the European Union. This view is of course, unbecoming of an encyclopedia. Dr. Wikipedian 14:46, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Definition
I really liked the definition at the beginning of the article. "An intellectual is a person who uses his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas." The definition of an intellectual as a person who deals in ideas is very apt and fits the general use of the term very well. However, I still feel something is missing. Namely the preference for dealing with ideas, that he deals with ideas by choice, by preferrence, because it is a fundamental aspect of his basic psychological makeup.

If we were to force Homer Simpson to use his intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas and he naturally hated it and tried to shrink from his duty as much as he could, would he be an intellectual? In my opinion: no. He might have intellectual duties and an intellectual job (and would seriously suck at both) but he wouldn't be an intellectual. Nor is a person who has the inclination to be an intellectual but lacks the opportunity or capacity for intellectual activity an intellectual. He would be a potential intellectual, or a wannabe, no more. To me the term intellectual implies both actual intellectual activity and some preferrence for such activities.

Literati as a Style of Bonsai
Literati also refers to a particular style of Bonsai growing, whereby the tree represents a sole survivor of a copse, or a lone, rugged, aged and weathered tree, with a tall upright or slanting trunk, and the majority of leaf-bearing branches near the crown of the tree. Should this be included in the article? Anon 63.70.91.229 17:02, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

man of letters
I could be wrong about this, but isn't that term referring to "the letters" after a scholars name, like the various degrees and professional certifications and things? The article says the term refers to a man who can read or "knows letters." hehe.. huh?SecretaryNotSure —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 09:42, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

large amounts of Original Research should go?
There is quite a large amount of original research in this article. The start is rather encyclopedic, but after a few sections it starts to read like someone's Thesis. Could this article perhaps be cleaned up? AllGloryToTheHypnotoad (talk) 19:43, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Women and Public Intellectual Life needs cleaning up
there needs to be some serious cleanup in this section. I tried to correct some bias that was present there which suggested obstacles of woman as absolute, objective truth when such a topic to begin with is questionable. There is plenty of confusion still. The section with Goodhart is unclear, it seems his views are elaborated but it immediately becomes confusing - due to the writing style - whether the views are actually faithful to Goodhart's own or whether they are being interpreted by the editor. Injecting "Goodhart claims" or something of the sort may clarify it. More grammatical cleanup is needed in the entire section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.60.39.200 (talk) 08:47, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

This article overlooks one possible group of intellectuals
... Internet commentators. For example, should Richard Stallman be considered an intellectual for his essays about Free Software? Dave Winer? Doc Searls & his Clue Train Manifesto? And then there is the question whether regular contributors to Wikipedia should be considered intellectuals -- or only those who contribute to policy pages like no original research? (Yes, I am ducking & running. I'll check on this conversation much, much later.) -- llywrch (talk) 22:33, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal
There seems no need for a separate article at Public intellectual, and was previously a redirect from there to here. PamD (talk) 23:40, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

 * You are absolutely right. Public intellectual contains exactly two sentences (56 words), and all the content is also here. Also, it hasn't changed much since it was created in 2004, and, yes, it was originally a REDIRECT to here. It's a stub that's not needed, unless it gets expended order's of magnitude. Here is the article's content:
 * "A public intellectual is is, a writer, academic, speaker or mass media personality who is an expert in a particular field and regularly and visibly addresses matters of broad interest in the media. Some examples of prominent American public intellectuals of the 20th century include: John Kenneth Galbraith, Milton Friedman, Noam Chomsky, and Robert Heilbroner."
 * It's only citation is Encarta so it fails WP:V and WP:RS. Time to change to a REDIRECT. The lede sentence of the Public intellectual life section could be reworked slightly, or the section retitled "Public Intellectual". — Becksguy (talk) 04:17, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Support merge-as-bare-redirect. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 19:31, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Given the lack of opposition, I've merged-as-bare-redirect. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 05:54, 19 September 2009 (UTC)

Jewish intellectual movements
It would be interesting if there could be an entry on Jewish intellectual movements. I'm not saying this in a negative or discriminatory way, but it is an established historical fact that intellectuals have played and continue to play an important role in the overall Jewish culture. There are also other important intellectual movements that are mostly piloted by Gentiles, but that also have had a significant minority of secular Jews within them. ADM (talk) 04:40, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Relationship with academia
I'm aware that edits by non-registered Wikipedians are often not taken very seriously, so I feel a need to justify the paragraphs I just removed from the "relationships with academia" section.

The statement "Occasionally, the public intellectual takes controversial matters of the day — evolution, religion, global warming, genetic modification — to the fore of public debate, proposing answers to public questions deemed unanswerable, thus acting upon moral imperatives greater than private, professional (career) considerations." is not very well written, even if it is an accurate summary of "Clarke 2003". It is not made clear who is deeming controversies "unanswerable" (and if it were, it would almost certainly be a matter of opinion, not fit for an encyclopedia). It is also completely unencyclopedic to state that anybody engaging in any kind of debate is "acting on moral imperatives greater than [whatever] considerations." It is not for an encyclopedia to speculate or comment on motives to this extent.

I have a feeling that the people who put this kind of thing in are tempted to simply re-edit the entry to reflect that this is Clarke's position on the matter, and not Wikipedia's. This would certainly solve the problem of neutrality, but I do not think this entry is the best place for the discussion that I removed--- the cataloguing of various points of view from various academics on the issues related to the boundary between "academic" and "intellectual." It is not clear to what extent the information reported in this section, that I removed, represents any kind of systematic survey of the points of view on this subject, or whether it is just a collection of various statements on the subject that somebody had run across at one time or another. The academic discussions on this topic are probably ongoing and endless, and I can see no reason for a Wikipedia entry to retain some fragments of this that people have come across.

Incidentally, as a plea to registered Wikiholics everywhere, many of the entries on Wikipedia related to academia or intellectuals have sections consisting mainly of citation-riddled accounts of varying perspectives on something with no evident plan or focus. The result reads to outsiders like notes on a lecture that we didn't attend. People could "be brave" and remove or repurpose this sort of thing wherever possible. 75.167.205.191 (talk) 23:46, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Intellectual
The paragraph Intellectual says that "‘Intellectual’ can denote four types of persons:" Below that it mentions the "four types of persons". I see no source for the assertion that "intellectual" can denote "four types of persons". If this is unsourced perhaps it should be deleted? Bus stop (talk) 12:57, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Literati
Literati isn't always a journalistic 'term of abuse'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.198.3 (talk) 01:51, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I have removed the sentence, as it was unsourced and no English dictionary seems to support its claim. --Saddhiyama (talk) 08:13, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Lede Rewrite
Per request, recomposed the lede and the other flagged §. The principal assertion which may have just gotten some pushback, is that the intellectual is a specific variety of the intelligent. Opening this thread for refutation of that which SFAICT is an essential premise of the article's current content. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 19:20, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

Is this serious?
"Whereas intellectuals, particularly in politics and the social sciences, and social liberals and democratic socialists ordinarily support and engage in democratic principles such as, freedom, equality, justice, human rights, social welfare, the environment and political and social improvement, both domestically and internationally, most conservatives, including Margaret Thatcher, are interested in upholding security and elitism." Is whatever cubicle dwelling super-genius that wrote this third rate work of auto-fellatio fucking with everyone? How the hell did this article end up being the stupidest one on here?

Under heading of "Man of letters"
The paragraph starts well, but ends in confusion. The evolution of the salon in France is worthy of discussion, but is not meaningfully treated here, and the contrast with the Old West saloon is bizarre. I can't see why it is included, save for the cognate name: one was established for the development of the artistic and intellectual life; the other was an inn, and is not relevant to the article. Why the author saw fit to divert onto the respective genders of the hosts is anybody's guess.

Ché (talk) 16:10, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

The Intellectual Rule Book
There is a Tamil book entitled 'the intellectual rule book". It would be useful to everyone if someone translates it into english — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.231.100.110 (talk) 15:02, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

Literatus
I am intrigued that the term Literatus redirects here. I was looking for the medieval term referring to someone being "able to read and write in Latin" / fully literate in Latin, and was perplexed that the redirect is to here although the article seems to begin in the modern period. Is this an omission that needs to be added, or should the Literatus concept be split out from here? I'm happy to add it, but I am not at all clear whether this article is designed to refer to the Enlightenment/post-Enlightenment intellectual only. EmyP (talk) 21:18, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Lede Tagging
Agree, should be reverted back to my original opening that was there at the time of my redact when I placed the image of Barzun. Lycurgus (talk) 05:55, 11 December 2014 (UTC)

Original research
I plan to remove the following original research from the lede: Hence, for the educated man and woman, participating in the public-sphere is a social function that dates from the Græco–Latin Classical era:
 * "I am a man; I reckon nothing human to be foreign to me. (Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto.)"

It's not enough to cite the quote; to include it, we would have to cite the specific idea that the quote is talking about intellectuals and bears on the nature of intellectual life in republican Rome.—Neil P. Quinn (talk) 22:11, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

The source citation is supported by the text. Read the play. Disagreement does not equal what you claim. 50.9.48.58 (talk) 17:51, 24 February 2015 (UTC)
 * A reply

Whole premise of the article is wrong!
The initial definition, and hence the premise of the whole article, seems seriously wrong - an 'intellectual' is not specific to politics/sociology. An intellectual is a person of high intellect in any field - including the sciences, the humanities & the arts. See for example this dictionary definition: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=define:intellectual&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gws_rd=cr&ei=yNe0VdKTMY2N7Ab327SoDg

For example, Wittgenstein was undoubtedly an intellectual, but had nothing to do with politics. The sources cited (refs 1 & 2) are a book called 'Intellectuals in politics' - the clue is in the title that this is not about intellectuals in general - and Foreign Policy magazine, which similarly is about politics.

I'm not sure what best to do about an error that pervades an entire article, but for now I've added the 'dubious' tag to the intro.

I also have doubts about the multiple references to books written in other languages - as e.g. the French term 'intellectuel' may or may not exactly correspond to the English word 'intellectual'. Certainly they can't be cited as evidence of the meaning of the English word 'intellectual', any more than the French word 'tramway' (meaning 'tram') can be cited as evidence that a tramway has wheels not rails.

Incidentally the use of multiple grandiose block quotations in the intro is rather pretentious; some of them are barely relevant. Ben Finn (talk) 13:25, 26 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks to for his (characteristically) useful edits to the section on "Intellectuals in the (so-called) East.

 * Thanks also for removing the "Essay-like" tag. It does not hit the nail on the head. But the presence of sources does not change the essay-like conception of the article and the meandering execution, of which "Intellectuals in the East" is a good example.

 * Is there some better tag that will warn the unwary reader of this issue?ch (talk) 17:05, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

Bertrand Russell on World War I
"As such, the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) advised the British government against national rearmament in the years before the First World War (1914–1918), while Imperial Germany prepared for war. Yet, the post-war intellectual reputation of Bertrand Russell remained almost immaculate, and his opinions respected by the general public.[53]" I am far from an expert, but wasn't WWI started because a lot of people (especially Imperial Germany) were excessively paranoid and arming for an inevitable war that their overarming and overallying basically brought about? If not, fair enough (I am again not well read on this), but if so, it seems a bit unfair to paint Russell as out of touch when he was suggesting defusing the very sort of thing that eventually led to the start of the war. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.7.196.193 (talk) 22:34, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

 * A reply:

I agree, but the quotation is from the right wing, and the big-picture facts are avoided to score points for anti-intellectualism.

50.9.48.58 (talk) 19:25, 31 October 2015 (UTC)

Singular They
I suppose the use of "singular they" is becoming an edit of particular contention because it falls within the article "intellectual" and thus has more staying power with an audience as to its appropriate use in the English language. I can only point to this page (https://www.quora.com/What-is-Wikipedias-stance-on-using-singular-they-in-articles), assert that my position is that using "he or she" in the introductory sentence exposes a deficiency in the English language right off the bat, and hopefully request that the person or persons in disagreement come forth on this talk page to explain his or her or their rationale for his or her or their adherence to the avoidance of singular they in a wikipedia article. --Bod (talk) 16:28, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

Neoliberalism gone wild
Who made everyone that criticized intellectuals "neoliberals?" Austrians (which oppose the concept of neoliberalism and find it an inchoate epithet) and the libertarian-leaning such as Milton Friedman cannot be subsumed under such a general and vague classification. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.74.25 (talk) 16:48, 7 May 2017 (UTC)

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Citations and Missing Information
It looks like several of these citations, particularly 36 and 37 have a footnote, but no preceding citation or bibliography entry to actually provide full data for looking up a reference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChittyinHistory (talk • contribs) 17:24, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Misorganization
The two sections Definitions and Terms and Endeavors were badly named and badly arranged. Definitions was an interesting historical analysis of the way the word has been used, not an actual set of definitions about the word. The title was therefore misleading, so I have defined it as Historical Definitions. The section Terms and Endeavors was a fairly concrete attempt to define the word Intellectual. It goes about this by drawing distinctions and establishing the way the word is used. It is therefore much closer to a Definition so I have re-titled it that (though I am less satisfied with that title than Historical Definitions.

Furthermore, the two sections were out of order. The newly titled Definition is far more general, and therefore should come first. The background information of Historical Definitions belongs second.

I am totally dissatisfied with the first sentence:

"An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems, and gain authority as public intellectuals."

which gives a pretty strict definition of the Public Intellectual and not Intellectual in general. It also has a problem with subject-verb agreement in what looks like a later addendum (the last clause). I am not sure how to rephrase it, especially considering I do not have the two cited sources available to check against.

Help would be appreciated with this. Malan88 (talk) 13:18, 21 December 2018 (UTC)

Definition confuses intellectual with social activist
The definition in the lead is misleading and the sort of thing to come from a project in which students in a class are required to edit Wikipedia.

The trouble starts with "engages ... the reality of society, and proposes solutions for the normative problems of society, and thus gains authority as a public intellectual ".

This is an attempted (and wrong) definition of "public intellectual", not "intellectual" which is the actual topic of article. It also confuses intellectual with social activist.

The lead continues: "the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting or producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values."

This too is a definition of social activist, not intellectual (who may or may not "participate in politics").

Finally the lead gets to a reasonable definition, which would be fine if all preceding material were deleted: "As a descriptive term of person, personality, and profession, the word intellectual identifies three traits: Educated; erudition for developing theories; Productive; creates cultural capital in the fields of philosophy, literary criticism, and sociology, law, medicine, and science, etc.; and Artistic; creates art in literature, music, painting, sculpture, etc."

This is approximately correct, but musicians, painters and sculptors have not generally been considered to be "intellectuals".

The lead and article need an overhaul. 73.89.25.252 (talk) 16:39, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Older versions of the lead are more reasonable, e.g. this from a few months ago
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intellectual&oldid=959711764
 * which does not confuse with social activism and does define "public intellectual" as a distinct concept. 73.89.25.252 (talk) 00:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

major rework and cleanup
I just reworked much of the article's sections on the historical use of the term and cleaned up some of the problems with the article. I don't know why it was in such a poor shape (bad referencing, repetitions, unsourced passages etc) and there are many issues remaining, I will continue to work on them.

Added:
 * A better etymology section and an overview of the historical uses of the term
 * moved a section with historic uses of the term out of the etymology section

Changed:
 * Removed massive TLDR footnotes with no purpose
 * cleanup of a lot of repetition wrt the Dreyfuss affair
 * cleanup of the intelligentsia section
 * cleanup of the section on public intellectuals

Needs to be done:
 * Fix unsourced statements, there are a lot of them in almost all sections. I added the maintanence tag too
 * Fix many of the references, there are so many poor book citations like "McLennan, 2004" (references and sources need to be merged)
 * Deal with the criticism section: right now it's just a list of polemics, they would need to be worked into the article.

Thoughts on this are appreciated. --Mvbaron (talk) 10:05, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

What about McCarthyism?
Under the heading "Persecution of Intellectuals", I expected some words on Senator Joseph McCarthy's witchunts. Someone should look into it. Sooku (talk) 02:09, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intellectual


text: Category:1083 deaths

title: Category:1083 deaths


text: Category:1080s deaths

title: Category:1080s deaths


text: Category:1080s births

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text:
Anne Manning (novelist)

Anne Manning (17 February 1807 – 14 September 1879) was an English novelist. Born in London, she was an active writer, having 51 works to her credit. Though her writings were antiquated in style, they were considered to have some literary charm and a delicate historical imagination. Her best known novel features the young wife of the poet John Milton.

Background and life
Manning initially produced two books of non-fiction, followed by her first fictional work, Village Belles (first published in 1833, though some modern sources mistakenly say 1838). Her best known works were initially printed as serials in Sharpe's Magazine and later published in book form. She is best known for The Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell, afterwards Mistress Milton, which first appeared anonymously in 1849 and was later just referred to as Mary Powell. It is derived from the story of the young wife of John Milton. She is also known for The Household of Sir Thomas More, a picture of More's home life in the form of a diary written by his daughter Margaret.

Mary Powell was so popular that her subsequent works simply identified Manning as "The Author of Mary Powell," otherwise remaining anonymous. A number of sources subsequently attributed the pseudonym of "Mary Powell" to Hannah Mary Rathbone, whose The Diary of Lady Willoughby (1844) was similar in style to Manning, and erroneously suggested that Manning had at some point married and become Mrs. Rathbone. Manning and Rathbone both released a number of works which used Caslon Old Face font, to add a visual element to the notion that their works were actual diaries of long ago persons.

Manning never married, and was considered a chronic invalid, living for many years at Reigate Hill in Surrey until her mother died, and then at a sister's house near Tunbridge Wells, where she died in 1879.

Although inexpensive reprints of Mary Powell and The Household of Sir Thomas More were published into the 1930s, Manning's archaic style has long since fallen out of favor.

Selected bibliography
Manning wrote over 50 books. They include:

 * A Sister's Gift (1826, non-fiction)
 * Stories from the History of Italy (1831, non-fiction)
 * Village Belles (1833, first novel)
 * The Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell, afterwards Mistress Milton (1849)
 * The Household of Sir Thomas More (1852)
 * The Colloquies of Edward Osborne (1852) (regarding Edward Osborne)
 * Cherry & Violet (1853)
 * ''The Adventures of Caliph Haroun Alraschid (1855)
 * The Old Chelsea Bun-House (1855) (in reference to the Chelsea Bun House)
 * The Good Old Times (1857)
 * Deborah's Diary (1858) (a sequel to Mary Powell, in the voice of Milton and Powell's daughter)
 * The Ladies of Bever Hollow (1858)
 * The Year Nine. A Tale of the Tyrol (1858)
 * Poplar House Academy (1859)
 * A Noble Purpose Nobly Won (1862)
 * The Duchess of Trajetto (1863)
 * Meadowleigh: A Tale of English Country Life (1863)
 * An Interrupted Wedding (1864)
 * The Lincolnshire Tragedy: Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, Mistress Anne Askew (1866) (about Anne Askew)
 * Jacques Bonneval, or the Days of the Dragonnades (1867)

title: Anne Manning (novelist)