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PC Zone

PC Zone, founded in 1993, was the first magazine dedicated to games for IBM-compatible personal computers to be published in the United Kingdom. Earlier PC magazines such as PC Leisure, PC Format and PC Plus had covered games but only as part of a wider remit. The precursor to PC Zone was the award-winning multiformat title Zero.

The magazine was published by Dennis Publishing Ltd. until 2004, when it was acquired by Future plc along with Computer And Video Games for £2.5m.

In July 2010, it was announced by Future plc that PC Zone was to close. The last issue of PC Zone went on sale 2 September 2010.

First issue
PC Zone was first published by Dennis Publishing in April 1993 and cost £3.95. Billed as the first UK magazine dedicated exclusively to PC games, it was sold with two accompanying floppy disks carrying game demonstrations. The first editor was Paul Lakin.

The magazine was split into four sections: Reviews, Blueprints, Features, and Regulars. Among the first titles to be reviewed were Dune II, Lemmings 2, and Stunt Island. The Blueprints section involved previews of new games and Features consisted of an article written about a specific area of gaming interest, such as gaming audio.

Regulars included a news bulletin, competitions and a Buyer's Guide which featured recommended games.

Evolution
In its original incarnation, PC Zone recognised that its audience consisted largely of males in their late twenties and older, and adopted a tone suited to that audience. This was in contrast to contemporary multiformat and console magazines aimed at children and teenagers. During this period, the PC was not yet widely recognised as a games platform in the UK, an attitude PC Zone arguably helped to change by championing a succession of notable games such as Star Control II, Star Wars: X-Wing, Ultima Underworld and Doom.

By 1995, under the initial editorship of John Davison and then later Jeremy Wells (promoted from deputy editor with Davison moving on as publisher for the title), the magazine adopted a tone which heavily referenced lad culture, which had been made fashionable by magazines such as FHM, Loaded and Dennis Publishing stablemate Maxim. This period was marked by several moderately controversial episodes, including the accidental inclusion of a pornographic Doom modification on a cover-mounted CD-ROM, an article about the infamously bug-ridden Frontier 2: First Encounters illustrated with a large photograph of a piece of excrement wrapped with a bow, a joystick group test which featured a model dressed as a nun (testing each joystick for “phallusicity”), and a one-page comic by regular contributor Charlie Brooker, graphically depicting animal cruelty (originally intended as a comment on the violence against animals frequently portrayed in the Tomb Raider games) which resulted in the offending issue being withdrawn from W H Smith newsagents.

Towards the end of the decade, during the editorship of long time contributor Chris Anderson, the magazine underwent another redesign and a stricter scoring methodology was introduced. For a twelve-month period, it was rare for a game to score above 90%, although this was later relaxed, resulting in controversial 94% and higher scores for Black & White, Unreal II and others. It was around this time that the magazine retired the long-running Mr Cursor column, a series of humorous, quasi-autobiographical anecdotes written by a thinly-disguised Duncan MacDonald, originally intended to be a counterpoint to the jargon-heavy nature of much of the rest of the editorial.

Anderson was succeeded by Dave Woods. Most of the regular recurring features used in the current version of the magazine were introduced during this period, and Woods' final contribution was the redesign which marked the handover of the title to Future plc and the editorship to Jamie Sefton.

DVD Zone
Each issue of PC Zone came with a DVD-ROM containing game demos, videos, mods, drivers, freeware software and patches among other things. The DVD Zone sleeve would occasionally have unique codes which gave readers access to game betas, trials, and in-game content, among other things.

Later format
A new format of PC Zone was introduced in October 2005 for issue #159. By issue #220, the magazine cost £5.99 and included several regular features including Supertest, where reviewers discussed which game is best in its genre (later audio only); Steve Hill's NeverQuest, which followed the often unsuccessful attempts of Hill's venture into MMORPGs; Developer's Commentary, in which developers looked back on their recently released titles; Retro Zone, with a focus on a different retro platform emulated on PC each month; How To..., a guide with 8 tips for a recently released game and a Buyer's Guide, in which top games were listed, divided into 9 genres. The Buyer's Guide was developed from an indexed list of every game reviewed in the publication, along with closing comments. When the longevity of the magazine made this completely impractical it was pared down to just the best from each genre, becoming shorter with each redesign.

As of issue #220, the leaders in each genre are:

 * Shooters: Half-Life 2 (inc. Episodes) : 97% / 91% / 82%
 * Strategy: Empire: Total War : 94%
 * Action/Adventure: Grand Theft Auto IV : 91%
 * MMOs: World of Warcraft : 95%
 * Sport: Football Manager 2010 : 88%
 * Simulation: X3: Reunion : 92%
 * RPGs: The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion : 95%
 * Driving/Racing: GTR 2 : 92%
 * Oddball: Spore : 95%

The oldest game in the Buyer's Guide was Deus Ex, reviewed issue #93 and given 94%.

Review system
PC Zone prided itself on its reviews scoring system, which was based on the idea that 50% was an average grade. As a result, many publishers accused the magazine of being too harsh. Games that scored 75-89% were given a Recommended Award; games that scored 90% or more were given a Classic Award. Very few games, perhaps only ten a year, received the latter distinction. Games scoring under 20% were given the PC Zone Dump award (Previously the PC Zone Pants).

As a combined result of its honest scoring system and its age, PC Zone managed to acquire many UK and world print exclusives in terms of news, previews and reviews. PC Zone contained world exclusive previews for Half-Life 2, Doom 3, and Deus Ex, the first of which achieved a near-record score of 97%, a ranking it shared with three other games: Quake II, Alone in the Dark 2 and the relatively unknown flight simulator EF2000.

The lowest scoring game ever was The Compelling Adventures of A.Gent, which garnered a score of 2%, as they stated it had "...gone straight to budget because there's no way it could live as a full-priced game." The lowest scoring non-game release was Page 3 Calendar & Screensaver, which managed to score in the negatives at -10%.

Staff
The last editor was Steve Hogarty, who left in July 2010, and was not replaced. He took over from Ali Wood, who left in December 2009. Previous editor Will Porter replaced Jamie Sefton in March 2008, who in turn was the replacement for Dave Woods after the magazine's redesign at the end of 2005. Steve Spence edited the hardware section until it was taken over by Philip Wand (who also wrote Dear Wandy, a monthly section featuring technical questions from readers which started out as Dear Wazza under Warren Christmas) at the end of 2004. There were discussion forums on the official PC Zone website, as well as on Philip Wand's own Dear Wandy site. There, members could request technical assistance and discuss gaming in general.

Pavel Barter contributed a regular investigative feature titled Special Report, which focused on various aspects of the games industry at large, as well as notable gaming figures and the specifics of the development process.

Dan Marshall contributed a regular column titled How to Make a Game which detailed the development of his first game, Gibbage. Gibbage then received the “Indiezone Game of the Month” award with 71% when it was reviewed. Marshall left, but wrote freelance reviews for the magazine.

Other regular freelance writers included Jon 'Log' Blyth, Ed Zitron, Steve Hill, Martin Korda, Rhianna Pratchett, Richie Shoemaker, Daniel Emery, Paul Presley and David McCandless.

TV presenter and newspaper contributor Charlie Brooker was also a regular during the 1990s, reviewing games, and contributing humorous pieces such as “Sick Notes” and the “Cybertwats”.

title: PC Zone


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United We Stand America

United We Stand America was the name selected by Texas businessman H. Ross Perot for his citizen action organization after his 1992 independent political campaign for President of the United States. Perot's 19% showing in the 1992 election was sufficient to entitle him to federal matching funds for the 1996 campaign. After the campaign, Perot announced, on January 11, 1993, the formation of a non-profit watchdog organization named United We Stand America (UWSA).

History
In the early 1990s, many people were talking about forming a new political party. These discussions centered around populist themes. The eventual result of the movement that followed was United We Stand America, followed by the Reform Party, and in some states the Independence Party. The early history of UWSA revolved around establishment of chapters in all 50 states and citizen activism against the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The organization also supported Ross Perot's fiscally conservative and socially liberal platform.

In November 1993, Perot and Vice-president Al Gore conducted a nationally televised debate about NAFTA on Larry King Live, which had been the highest rated CNN program until the Republican presidential debate in September 2015.

UWSA remained active under Perot's leadership until late 1995 when the paid staff was moved to a new organization dubbed "Citizens for the Reform Party" which actively campaigned to petition the Reform Party on to the ballot in all 50 states for the 1996 presidential election. The name of Perot's organization conflicted with that of a United Way-type LGBT advocacy group that had already copyrighted the name 'United We Stand'.

The Independent Movement and Founding of the Reform Party
The movement to the political center ignited and began taking shape in one form or another all around the country in 1992. In Minnesota, the Independence Party was formed in 1992 by supporters of Ross Perot, and fielded Dean Barkley that year as a candidate for a seat in the US House of Representatives. Other supporters led by Don Dow, State Director, and Victoria Staten, Assistant State Director and Ross Perot's spokesperson on NAFTA, worked as part of United We Stand America, and some eventually found their way to the Independence Party after the elections. In later years, the party began to field candidates in races of other states. In 1995 the Independence Party of Minnesota became affiliated with the national Reform Party and renamed itself the Reform Party of Minnesota. This is the same group that led the effort to elect Jesse Ventura, one of three independent governors in recent years. In 1995 Angus King was elected Governor of Maine. King's election as an independent was not unprecedented in Maine politics; independent James B. Longley had been elected twenty years earlier. Though a member of the Republican Party during his time in Congress, Lowell Weicker left the Republican Party, and in 1991 he became one of the few independents to be elected as a state governor.

The Reform Party, founded in 1995 with ballot access in all 50 states, nominated Ross Perot for President after a convention battle between Perot and Richard Lamm, former governor of Colorado. Perot's running mate in 1996 was Pat Choate, a well-known author, economist and professor. The future of the Reform Party was somewhat clouded by the 1996 election results when the Perot/Choate ticket received only 9% of the overall vote. Since many states require a minimum of 10% to retain ballot access, the ability of the party to field candidates without the time and expense of petition drives was limited. However, based on the 1996 results, the party retained the ability to earn federal matching funds in the 2000 Presidential election - a fact that was not lost on Pat Buchanan. The battle for control of the Reform Party between many of the founding members and Buchanan's weakened the Reform Party to the extent that it has diminished as a factor in U.S. politics in the years since the 2000 election.

United We Stand America no longer exists today. Archives of material from the original organization can be found at http://www.uwsa.com/books/Uwsabook.html, but the original group founded by Ross Perot ceased to be active after the independents organized, and with the formation of the Reform Party in 1995.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: United We Stand America


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Talk:R. I. T. Alles

VfD discussion
R I T Alles was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP

Vanity page, apparently. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 16:42, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep & wikify. It sure looks like vanity, but his name passes the Google test.   — Frecklefoot | Talk 18:49, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. My thesis advisor gets more Google hits than this guy. Principals of non-notable schools must meet high bars to be notable; nothing in the article indicates that this is the case. jni 06:31, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, the article is rubbish, to be blunt - the first two lines repeat each other, the last makes an unsubstantiated claim. If you look him up on Google, however, you can find a reference to him being a former State Secretary of Education in Sri Lanka. I mean, come on, isn't that the first thing you should say about the man? I shall now rewrite the wretched thing myself. Average Earthman 10:45, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. State Secretary of Education is a country-level position, which makes him notable. --Improv 19:11, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but marginally. We can send it to Clean Up even in present form, but, you know, we're going to have a devil of a time getting stuff.  Geogre 13:37, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

End archived discussion -- Graham ☺ | Talk 00:12, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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title: Talk:R. I. T. Alles


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Discount rate

Discount rate may refer to:
 * Social discount rate (of consumption), the rate at which the weight given to future consumption decreases in economic models
 * Pure time preference, or utility discount rate, the rate at which the weight given to future utility decreases in economic models
 * Annual effective discount rate, an alternative measure of interest rates to the standard Annual Percentage Rate
 * Bank rate, the rate of interest a central bank charges on its loans to commercial banks
 * Discount yield, a rate used in calculating cash flows
 * Fees and other charges associated with merchant accounts.

title: Discount rate


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Renato Carosone

Renato Carosone (born Renato Carusone; 3 January 1920 – 20 May 2001) was an Italian musician.

He was a prominent figure in the Italian music scene in the second half of the 20th century. He was also a modern performer of the so-called canzone napoletana, a traditional music genre from Naples. His biggest successes were: "'O sarracino/Caravan petrol", "Tu vuò fà l'americano", "Maruzzella" and "Pigliate na' pastiglia".

Carosone was one of the first post-war Italian artists (the other one being Domenico Modugno) who sold records and toured in the United States without singing in English.

Beginnings
Carosone was born on 3 January 1920 in Naples, in Vico dei Tornieri, near Piazza del Mercato, to Antonio and Carolina Daino, the first of two other brothers, Olga and Ottavio. His father, who worked in the box office at Teatro Mercadante, encouraged him to pursue music. At 14, he wrote "Triki-trak", his first composition for piano, and in 1935, he was hired by an opera dei pupi puppet theater to play music to the battles of Count Roland and Renaud. Subsequently, he worked at E. A. Mario's publishing house teaching new songs to singers. He studied piano and composition at the Naples Conservatory under Alberto Curci, and obtained his diploma in 1937, when he was just 17.

A few months later he signed a contract with comedian Aldo Russo to perform as a band leader in Italian East Africa. The troup landed in Massawa, Eritrea, to work in a restaurant-theatre frequented by Italian workers. The act failed and after less than a week, Aldo Russo decided to dissolve the group and return to Naples. Carosone, however, decided to remain in East Africa, and he moved on to Asmara in the Eritrean highlands, playing piano in an orchestra at the Circolo Italia. There he met and fell in love with Venetian dancer Italia Levidi, known as Lita. The two married in Massawa on 2 January 1938. Carosone adopted her son Giuseppe, known as Pino, born to Lita five years before the wedding. Shortly thereafter, Carosone moved to Addis Ababa (now part of Ethiopia), where he spent a few months as conductor at the White Eagle. In June 1940, at the outbreak of World War II, he was called up and sent to the front in Italian Somaliland.

Following the surrender of the last regular Italian forces in the region in November 1941, Carasone returned to British-occupied Asmara, where his cousin Antonio was director of the Odeon Theatre. Carasone became the musical director of the theater and the adjoining nightclub. He was a prominent figure of the local music scene, performing a combination of big-band music, Neapolitan songs and Eritrean percussive elements.

Carosone worked at the Odeon Club in Asmara, where he become a prominent figure of the local music scene, building his musical experience with a combination of big-band music (including American dance pieces, such as "Night and Day", "Begin the Beguine", "Blue Moon" and "Tea for Two"), Neapolitan songs and Eritrean percussive elements.

In July 1946, after the end of the war in Europe, he returned to Italy, to Brindisi, with his wife and son. Partially due to his long tenure abroad and inactivity caused by the war, Carosone was discovered to be virtually unknown in his home country. He started his career afresh, playing piano for small dance-hall bands. These new performances were strongly influenced by the new rhythms and music styles he had encountered during his ten years in East Africa and caught the attention of local promoters.

Success
In 1949 Carosone was asked to put together a band for a club's opening night. After some auditions, he signed the Dutch guitarist Peter van Houten and the Neapolitan drummer Gegè Di Giacomo and formed the Trio Carosone. The trio would later become a quartet with the addition of the Hungarian romani musician Elek Bacsik on bass, guitar and violin.

During the 1950s Carosone became more and more popular, his orchestra was in great demand both in Italy and abroad, and record sales were soaring high.

His song "Torero", entered the pop charts in the United States in the summer of 1958 where it peaked at #18, making it his only Top 20 hit song for his one-hit wonder in the United States. "Torero" was translated into twelve languages and covered by almost thirty artists in the United States alone, including versions by The Andrews Sisters, Connie Francis and The King Brothers. In 1957 Carosone and his band embarked on an American tour, kicking off in Cuba. This tour concluded with a triumphant performance at the prestigious Carnegie Hall in New York City.

Carosone was then signed by Capitol Records, which released his first two albums: Honeymoon in Rome (1957) and Renato Carosone! (1959). He then moved to Pathé and recorded Blue Italian Skies (1958). His fourth studio album, Carnevale Carosone (1960) was released by Parlophone.

Retirement
At the height of his career, Carosone announced his retirement from music in 1960. He felt that the advent of Rock and roll had the consequence of making his swing, big-band sound no longer popular: "I'd rather retire now on the crest of the wave, than being tormented later by the idea of rock and roll wiping away all that I have achieved in so many years of hard work". His decision to retire caused an uproar. Some observers even suspected obscure underworld threats. Away from the spotlight, Carosone turned to other interests, mainly painting. In 2007 the Castel Sant'Angelo Museum in Rome organized a large exhibition of his work.

Comeback
On 9 August 1975 Carosone made his comeback in a televised concert. He then resumed his musical career with live concerts, performances at the Sanremo Music Festival and TV appearances until the late 1990s.

Repertoire
The majority of Carosone's songs were the result of his long and fruitful collaboration with the lyricist Nicola Salerno, who used the pseudonym Nisa. "'O suspiro", "Torero", "Tu vuò fà l'americano", "Mambo Italiano", "Pigliate 'na pastiglia" and "'O sarracino/Caravan petrol" were among their greatest hits.

A few famous songs not co-written by Nisa were "...E la barca tornò sola" (a parody of a song performed by Gino Latilla at Sanremo Music Festival in 1954); "Tre numeri al lotto"; "Maruzzella" (dedicated to his wife); and "'O russo e 'a rossa"

Death
Carosone died on 20 May 2001 at the age of 81 in Rome, Italy.

Discography

 * Honeymoon in Rome (1958)
 * Blue Italian Skies (1958)
 * Renato Carosone (1959)
 * Carnevale Carosone (1960)
 * Pianofortissimamente Carosone (1975)
 * Sempre (1982)
 * Nu' canzoncella doce doce (1982)

title: Renato Carosone


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User talk:BSveen

Glad you now have an account, welcome aboard. Do check out the tutorial if you haven't already; don't hesitate to ask me (or pretty much anyone) if you have questions. Do you know about watchlists? Probably the biggest advantage to you of having an account is to "watch" pages, which means you can easily get a report on what articles you care about have changes. And, again, welcome! -- Jmabel 16:45, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

Your state demographics edits
Could you please go back to the articles you've edited and take the link to http://quickfacts.census.gov OUT of the text? External links belong in the External Links section, not inline in the article's text. Welcome to Wikipedia. RickK 06:42, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)

Nice edits at Texas demographics
I like the NPOV edits you made by rewording the text on the Texas page in the demographic section. I've been thinking about doing it myself but have never gotten around to it; in part out of being preoccupied with other subjects and in part out of being from East Texas and generally being resigned to the state being represented in that manner. (Thanks for pointing out that the state is actually part of the South and actually has Black people in it.) Thanks for the wonderful edit and welcome to wikipedia!. - JCarriker Talk 07:52, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)

Islamophobia edit
The picture you added to Islamophobia is of a Muslim extremist, and therefore doesn't belong in the article. The caption "Muslim extremists often exacerbate anti-Muslim sentiments, such as this recent Muslim demonstration in Berlin" is, well, let's say POV. Also, please reserve the "minor edit" checkbox for very small edits like fixing a typo or a link. Ashibaka tlk 20:11, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Why did you distort my edit re comparison of Islamophobia with racism? If military conquest alone would destroy Islam, why wasn't Islam in Algeria destroyed by French colonial rule?  Even the Spanish Inquisition failed to produce sincere conversions from Muslims (though they did with Jews) - the Spanish monarchy was ultimately forced to expel or exterminate the 'Moriscos'. GCarty 09:25, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Got your reply, but how can I be an Islamist when I'm not even Muslim?! Anyway, in the first paragraph I was mainly concerned with toning down language. I also mentioned how the Crusades were a reaction to the initial Islamic conquests.  It only makes sense to call my change of "attacks against Westerners" to "attacks against Israelis and Westerners" biased if you are equate the defence of Israel with the defence of the West itself.

 * About the paragraph I added suggesting that Islam could be destroyed only by genocide (and which you distorted in one of your own edits) - can you name any countries where de-Islamization by forced conversion (as opposed to ethnic cleansing or genocide) has been successful? I know of none... GCarty 11:52, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Norwegian languaged papers or organisations
Hello Bert! Is there left some Norwegian languaged papers in the USA? Or organisations with Norwegian languaged netpage? If a Swedish-American father and a Norwegian-American mother get a child, is the child then both Swedish and Norwegian or how is it counted? Jakro64 14:11, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Regarding whether or not Arlington is the smallest
Arlington is not smaller than Bristol County, RI according to this link which gives Bristol's size as 24.68 square miles or this link where the size is rounded to 24.7 square miles. It is also not hard to find reliable sites which confirm the size of Kalawao at around 13 square miles. If you look carefully at the links you gave for each of these places showing much larger numbers, you will see that the larger areas you mention include offshore water, so that the actual land areas are about the numbers I give above. These smaller numbers are consistent with the sizes given in printed World Almanacs. Is landsize not what we would normally compare? The sites you give where people have said that Arlington is the smallest county in the country do not seem to be so careful. It is possible to find all sorts of misinformation. For example, Snapple in its "real" facts (#146) claims that New York County, NY is the smallest in the country. As an Arlingtonian I love to see superlatives about the county getting their due mention, but it seems misleading to make a claim that Arlington is the smallest in area (though not in land size) without further explanation. Simply saying that Arlington is one of the smallest counties in the country is accurate without going into a long, confusing explanation.

Servais

 * Calling Arlington "the smallest self-governing county in the United States" is, to my mind, an improvement over just calling it "the smallest". However, I think the rationale should be explained in a footnote, so that anyone reading it can understand exactly what is meant.  This is especially true with respect to Bristol County, RI, which appears to be self governing and in many standard sources is shown having a smaller area than Arlington.  The justification for not counting Kalawao is pretty straight forward, if it is not self governing.  I could go with the above characterization for Arlington, though I wonder about the wisdom of not counting land under federal jurisdiction.  Might there be other counties with very large amounts of land in National Parks, Forests, Reserves, or Indian Reservations which when deducted would leave an even smaller area than Arlington, VA has?  I am not so much concerned that people will doubt the veracity of a verifiable, qualified claim, but whether they will wonder why anyone is so concerned to try to claim a unique status.

 * Servais 00:52, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Non-European majorities
Bsveen wrote: «What saddens me is that this convsersation we are having might be totally meaningless in, e.g., 100 years. By that time there are projected to be non-European majorities in many of the countries we are discussing, isn't that correct (Sweden especially, I hear)? So what will it mean to 'be a Norwegian' in the year 2100 AD? Due to immigration, will the concept of "being Norwegian" be totally meaningless by that time, beyond an empty expression of one's citizenship? What's even more troubling for me is that many in Scandinavia (and across Europe) keep quiet about these things because they don't want people to think they are racists. But in my view, there is nothing racist about wishing for the survival of your people and your nation.»

 * I am very glad you take up this topic, because it seems it is politically uncorrect to touch this at all. Since I am also a genealogist this is of great interest to me. White Norwegians have probably only lived in Norway (of today) for a few thousand years, but during all centuries there have been migrations and ethnic mixings. Therefore there are blond, redhaired, darkhaired, blue-eyed, green-eyed and brown-eyed Norwegians. Still there are several Sami enclaves in South and Middle Norway which tells that white Norwegians have taken over these territories from the Samis who populated the area earlier. If you look to Finland the Ethnic Finns who are a Nordic people speaking a Ugric-Finnic language (as the Samis), took over the present Finland, but assimilated with the "Samis" and therefore took over their language and to some extent also their culture. (Finns are somehow different from neighbouring Swedes and Norwegians concerning culture and behaviour.) Because ethnic Norwegian women wish to get less children the number of ethnic Norwegians will decrease dramatically. Until 2100 not so much will change, but already about 30% of Oslo's population are inhabitated by ethnic non-Europeans. (Most ethnic non-Europeans are living in Oslo.) Therefore in order to let the Norwegian culture survive the Norwegian authorities are now stressing very much to teach immigrants Norwegian language and culture. The same is happening in Denmark and Germany (where islami services are suggested to be kept in German language). I think it was a Norwegian and Pakistani tragedy in the early 1970s to invite to Norway guestworkers from remote places of the world as Pakistan. But done is done. Now we need to repair the damages. In the coming years we will get many more immigrants from Russia, the Baltic countries and Poland. This will maybe help to keep the country European. Many Norwegians oppose also the EU membership because it forces us to give up many achievments as strict quality controls, regulations which is resulting in the highest living standard in the world. Norwegians are following laws very strictly, most other Europeans are not. The result is that in Norway we are obeying most EU laws much more than people in e.g. Germany and Austria. The Norwegian immigration authorities are now much more strictly concerning immigrations from non-European countries, and I think this will help to reduce crime and ethnic conflicts as we can see them in multi-ethnic countries like the USA.

 * But there are bigger problems in our society as tobacco smoking and fatness. In Norway it is now prohibited to smoke in any restaurant or other public building and soon maybe Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola will be banned. I hear that 60% of all Americans are suffering from fatness.

 * Maybe all this can help us to understand why the Etruscan civilization disappeared..? Jakro64 10:12, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You’re right that nearly 2/3rds of American adults are overweight, and it is a big concern for the American people. One reason why Americans are so fat these days is because of the way that American cities are layed out. Many people live far away from their place of work, from restaurants, from stores, from movie theaters, etc. so they must drive their car, or ride the subway, or ride the bus everywhere. This results in the people getting much, much less exercise than they normally would if they walked place to place. I am lucky to live in an area where I can walk almost anywhere I need to go, so I get much more ‘normal’ exercise in my everyday routine than others do, plus I do not waste so much money on gasoline and other automobile expenses, which is certainly a bonus.

 * From my own experiences living in a diverse area here in the diverse USA, I would offer this advice to the people of Europe who are currently embarking upon the great experiments of multi-racialism and multi-culturalism:

 * It is impossible for a truly ‘multicultural’ society to work. Multiculturalism means the splintering of society into camps avoidant (or openly hostile) to one another, increased crime, and other problems. And even more dangerous are multiculturalism's long-term potential problems -- multiculturalism will quite probably mean Balkanization at best, Rwanda at worst.

 * Although multi-cultural societies will inherently have serious problems, it is possible for multi-racial societies to work, as long as the different races or ethnic groups in the society are not divided from each other by culture. For this reason, it is definitely very important that Norway pursue its program of assimilation that you described. Although a safer program would be to stop immigration, re-patriate immigrants, and get Norwegian women to have more children to solve any potential labor problems and make immigration unnecessary. (I suppose it is easy to say this, but difficult--maybe impossible--to actually do it; e.g. how could any government "bribe women to have more children"? Is that possible? Probably not).

 * I wish more people in Europe would realize these things, realize the perils of multi-culturalism.

 * You mentioned that the current situation in the West resembles what happened to the Etruscan people. I am not so familiar with what happened to the Etruscan civilization, I thought that they fell simply because they were absorbed/conquered by the stronger Romans? I suppose there must be more to it than that though; could you explain or elaborate on what you meant by this:
 * “Maybe all this can help us to understand why the Etruscan civilization disappeared..?” This is something that is very interesting to me. I have also heard people compare the fall of Rome to what is currently happening to the West, you may have heard this as well.

 * --B Sveen, December 5 2004

Thanks, brother!
Hey, thanks for your endorsement in the admin 'election campaign' I'm running these days! (An extremely inexpensive 'campaign', I might add :-) -- totally self financed.) --Wernher 17:43, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I presume you've "won" by now (it was never a contest since everyone approved)... so good luck !  -BSveen 03:27, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Baptism in Luther's Discovery of Grace
Bert, thanks for the addition of baptism to the Luther article, but it is not accurate for these reasons:

 * Luther's sacramental theology was still very catholic at this time. At first he had not worked out the mechanics of how God gives us the righteousness of Christ. This he does not fully get right until 1520 and the three great treatises, specifically the Babylonan Captivity

 * Luther saw baptism as only one means of grace -- the Lord's Supper and the hearing of God's Word are also ways God gives His grace, instills and strengthens faith and gives the forgiveness of sins, life and salvation. The way the article now reads, it suggests only baptism does these things.

I'd like to suggest we revert the language and insert a little paragraph on the 1520 treatises. Is this OK with you? Bob --CTSWyneken 03:53, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, I didn't write that, an anonymous user did. So I would agree by all means to the revert. - BSveen 04:00, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks! I'll do that! --CTSWyneken 14:10, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Utah demographics edits
I noticed your edits on the demographics section of the Utah article. Can you explain why you made some of the changes you did? If I'm not mistaken, the original numbers were from the census, and it looks like you've changed some numbers in the section on religious denominations. For example, originally it showed Episcopalian 3%, Baptist 2%, and other Christian denominations 2%; you changed it to 12% Protestant. You also changed Non-religious from 17% to 9% and added a 1% Other Religions category. What is your source for these numbers and this recategorization? By the way, your disambiguation of the ethnic category links was nice—thanks for that bit of work. Alanyst 04:07, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Actually, it is against US law for the government to ask the people about their religion, so the Census Bureau does not collect information on religion. I was the one who added that religious data several weeks ago (it is from surveys that universities and such have conducted), and now I have compiled even better religious data for the states, so I am replacing all the state edits I made with the better, more straightforward numbers. --BSveen 04:11, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Good to know, and I stand corrected on my assumption about the numbers being from the census. That said, can you add a reference in the article to the source of your data?  I think it would be helpful to know in case anyone asserts at some future time that the numbers are incorrect.  (That wouldn't be me; I have no reason to disbelieve your figures.)  Thanks! Alanyst 04:17, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The data is compiled from Adherents.com. The original source is Kosmin, B. & S. Lachman. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; Harmony Books: New York; pg. 88-93. Religious Composition of State Populations. Self-identification of religious loyalty, phone survey w/ 113,000 people; by City U. of New York.

 * On Adherents.com's state pages (for example, New York's page), there is a long list of figures & sources for the religious makeup of the states. I copied down all the entries for all the states which quoted 'Kosmin' as the source. This Kosmin data is the best and most comprehensive around.

 * I added the source to the Utah article, let me know what you think. (the source is in external links section) - BSveen 04:30, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks great! Nice work. Alanyst 05:03, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

One question about your changes to the Utah demographics. (Now that I look back over most of them, I see my mistakes; thanks for correcting them!) I think that we should include * 4.2% Other races, so that people have an idea about the racial makeup of Utah. Some people might interpret it as being even more minimally diverse than it is, and assume that those mentioned races are the only races living in Utah! Other races simply clarifies the fact that there are more unmentioned races living here. --Iamunknown 15:46, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * 'Other races' usually just means non-white Hispanics, and since a 'Hispanic' category is already included, I thought that using the Other races figure would be redundant and confusing. But if you think it should be there, you can re-add it if you feel so inclined (you may already have, I'm not sure); I have no strong objections to re-adding it. --BSveen 02:36, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Right. I see where you're coming from, so I won't change it now.  (I was planning on it, but wanted to talk to you for I reverted your changes.)  Thanks! --Iamunknown 09:12, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Norman Borlaug
I've nominated the Norman Borlaug article as the next Collaboration of the Week, as the article is pretty short considering that he saved a billion lives. Please vote for it at: Collaboration_of_the_Week -- brian0918 ™  23:48, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

your article link
You probably won't care much about my saying this, but the "Europe will have an Islamic majority by the end of this century" article is complete bogus. No scientist would make naive extrapolations of population trends to the year 2099: world population growth will probably curb around the 2050s and any prediction beyond that, let alone predictions about migration patterns, are highly non-trivial. This "prediction" was very obviously made in bad faith to stir irrational fears and has nothing to do with "science" (but I imagine your link has a similar purpose). I'm not denying Europe has a problem with North African immigrants, though, but it's just one among several problematic groups, and restrictive legislation will kick in long before any group gets anywhere near the 50% mark. dab (ᛏ) 21:25, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, no, the prediction wasn't made "in bad faith" to "stir up fears", you act like it was some fringe extremist who made this up out of thin air (it was not). And the reason I provide the link to anyone willing to read it is to alert people of the imminent danger to Europe from the islamic menace, there is nothing wrong with or malevolent about that, about wanting to save Europe from catastrophe and from islam. (Actually I am shocked that you find something wrong with my desire to do what I can to save Europe from disaster/Islam!) I am very deeply sad to say this, but it seems to me that many (not most, but many) of you Europeans have lost your will to survive as a culture, as a people, as a civilization, etc. and would sooner attack those trying to help than deal with the problem. Yes indeed, I'm afraid that Europe's present attitudes do not bode well at all for her future. BSveen 11:19, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * BSveen, please notice that the link seems to be broken. The news story on that specific web address has apparently changed. Anyway, I strongly agree with most of your thoughts, but at the same time things are (IMO) changing here in Europe these days. Government policies are gradually getting more responsible, (this link show what descent immigration policies in my country Denmark has done during the last few years: ) and most of the common people who has to live with the influence of Islam, already know what all this is about: Stereotek 19:05, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you Stereotek for letting me know about the broken link. I have replaced that link on my userpage with several others, which are probably even better. And I am glad to hear that things are gettting better in Europe. I am aware that the Danish People's Party in your country is one of the parties that has common sense on this matter, and I am very glad that they have had some success in the elections. Unfortunately, due to the tyranny of political correctness, many other such political parties elsewhere in Europe are cast aside and demonized as extremists or fascists. (I suppose that according to political correctness, all Europeans should celebrate Islam taking over and destroying Europe!) Thanks again for letting me know about the broken link and for the interesting links you provided, and good luck to you. BSveen 21:44, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Upper Midwest AIRUM.GIF marked for deletion
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Image source
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Also: --Ellmist 04:54, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)
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Votes_for_deletion/Islamofascism
Howdy,

You might want to take a look at Islamofascism and its related VfD. The usual POV pushers, are trying to to suppress views/articles that they find offensive. See what you think about all this.

Klonimus 01:56, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Even if the article doesn't get deleted, the Islamists will have won, as they seem to have fought hard and successfully "watered-down" the article to a great extent, unfortunately. Speaking of Islamists, it really says a lot that the one who nominated that article for deletion goes by the username "Islamist"! BSveen 21:05, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

[[Image:Pacificstates.GIF]]
Please add a licence - Thanks Scriberius 14:07, 2005 May 20 (UTC)

I need your help
I need some help with the Landless Workers' Movement article. I am asking your help because I think that you know English very well and I don't want the article biased. Unfortunaly some articles about revolutionary left movements get very biased. --Carlosar 29 June 2005 03:55 (UTC)

I respect you
Would you like to enjoin me on a parlay via MSN Messenger? I already know two people from Norway and can communicate with them alright.

User categorization
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--skraz (talk) 15:03, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:John updike.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:John updike.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging
Greetings. From the description and use of Image:US Northern states.GIF, it appears you intended this media to be freely available. I took the liberty of applying a GFDL-presumed tag. Could you confirm this at by replacing my edit with GFDL-self? Regards, Dethomas 21:25, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Religion Demographics
I see that you have provided a number of the religion demographics for U.S. states, and one of your earlier discussions on this page indicates that you attempted to extract the statistics from a Adherents.com by finding the 1990 statistics they cited from Kosmin's 1993 book. There is a more recent survey (Kosmin 2001) at http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_studies/aris.pdf that gives numbers in a more usable format. The numbers agree roughly with the ones you posted for many states, with the exception that the "other" category seems to be several time larger than the numbers you used. Since the pdf file could be considered the primary source, perhaps all the state demographics figures should be updated with the more recent numbers.

It would also be useful to add a citation link to all the demographics. There are a number of times that people have edited the numbers for some state, and it has led to arguments with respect to justifying the change (or reverting the change) in the absence of a reference source. -- JimIrwin 20:59, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Comment
Hi, BSveen. I'm currenlty having some trouble with one editor who claims that if the SPLC and similar groups call the Council of Conservative Citizens "racist," then it's a fact and should be treated as such. My offered compromise and subsequent attempts at civil discussion have so far been unsuccessful, and I wonder if you could [weigh in]. Thanks. --Alsayid 18:56, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Irish History
You seem like you have a lot a knowledge with respect Irish history so maybe you would like to comment on the historic basis of this term here Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-12-02 IRA 'Volunteer' usage —The preceding unsigned comment was added by DownDaRoad (talk • contribs) 00:34, 8 December 2006 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:ArleneDahl1.jpg
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello BSveen! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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 * 1) Sandra Bowden -

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:BSveen
User:BSveen, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:BSveen and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:BSveen during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Awesome Aasim 23:48, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:BSveen


text:
Crosspool

Crosspool is a suburb of the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, located 2.5 mi west of the city centre. The suburb falls within the Crookes ward of the City of Sheffield. It is a middle class residential area in an elevated position above the Porter and Rivelin valleys and stands at around 200 m above sea level. Crosspool is situated on the A57 road (Manchester Road) and is the last suburb on that road before the city boundary and open countryside is reached. In 2011 Crosspool had a population of 6,703.

History
The area of Crosspool is a fairly recent creation and, unlike some Sheffield suburbs, does not have any ancient history as a village stretching back over the centuries. W. Fairbank's “Map of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York” published in 1795 shows it as a thinly populated unnamed area sprinkled with a few buildings. From the early centuries AD the Long Causeway ancient track passed through the area; this originated in Roman times as a highway connecting the forts at Templeborough and Buxton and continued in later centuries as a packhorse route.

Throughout medieval times the area was part of a deer hunting park known as Hallamshire Chase. This was an area of thousands of acres set aside for the Lords of Hallamshire after the Norman conquest of England. Lydgate Hall was one of the earliest substantial buildings in the area as it existed in the early 1700s although it was substantially altered and extended in the early 19th century. It was the home of the steel magnate Horatio Bright (1827–1905) for the last 30 years of his life. The Hall was eventually demolished in the 1930s being replaced by housing on Lydgate Hall Crescent.

Although there was never a Crosspool village, the area was strategically placed as two roads left Sheffield through the area and there was a toll gate as well as inns and a blacksmiths to serve the traveller. The main industry in the 18th and 19th century was farming although there was also extensive quarrying. The presence of several natural pools gave the area its name in the 1800s as travellers on the turnpike roads were said to have “crossed the pools” when they had passed through the neighbourhood and the name of Crosspool developed. The A57 road was built in 1820, and tolls were phased out in 1884, but housing development in the area was delayed because of Crosspool's elevated position, which developers thought would deter people from settling in the area.

Housing development eventually started in the 1880s but full-scale building did not take place until after the First World War. In 1913 Crosspool became the first area of Sheffield to receive a public transport service by bus as the Sheffield Tramway did not extend to the suburb. Crosspool suffered some bomb damage during the Second World War when bombs were dropped on Den Bank, Shore Lane, Sandygate Road and Ringstead Crescent.

Demographics
Crosspool is a suburb with vague boundaries; it merges with the adjacent neighbourhoods of Crookes, Fulwood and Ranmoor and has sub-districts within it such as Tapton Hill, Sandygate and Hallam Head. It has a total population of 7,070 residents in a 2006/7 NHS Neighbourhood Profile, just 1.3% of the population of the City of Sheffield. Other statistics bear out Crosspool's status as a middle class area with almost 87% of residents being owner-occupiers of their houses compared to the Sheffield average of 60.2%. Almost 80% of Crosspool's housing is either detached or semi-detached, again well above the average. 93.1% of Year 11 school pupils go on to further education compared to the Sheffield average of 86.8% while 38.5% of Crosspool's adults have been educated to degree level in contrast to the Sheffield average of 18.8%.

Buildings and landmarks
Present day Crosspool is centred on the area around the junction of Manchester Road, Sandygate Road and Lydgate Lane where there is a selection of shops, food takeaways and a post office which since 2004 has been located inside a SPAR store. The Crosspool Tavern, a public house, is also in this area. Other public houses in Crosspool are “The Sportsman” at Stephen Hill and “The Plough” at Sandygate. Another pub, the "Hallamshire Hotel" on Lydgate Lane was demolished in the summer of 2011 and has been replaced by four houses, two apartments and a detached garage block. There are four schools in Crosspool for different age groups. Tapton School on Darwin Lane has over 1600 pupils between 11 and 18 years old and is a specialist college for science and the arts. The Lower School of King Edward VII School is also located on Darwin Lane and was known as Crosspool Secondary Modern School until 1969. Lydgate Junior School is situated on Manchester Road and has around 480 pupils between the ages of 7 and 11. While Lydgate Infant School on Lydgate Lane has just over 300 pupils, it is housed in a Grade II listed building dating from 1896, built by William John Hale.

Tapton Hall, a Grade II listed building is situated on Shore Lane, it was built in 1855 and has been the home of the industrialist Edward Vickers and the snuff mill owner George Wilson; today it is a conference and banqueting centre which is licensed to conduct weddings. Another Grade II listed structure is The Towers, a Scottish Baronial fantasy on Sandygate Road.

The main churches in Crosspool are the Church of St. Columba and Stephen Hill Methodist Church, both of which are located on Manchester Road near the centre of the suburb. Because of the pressure from housing developers present day Crosspool has been left with very few open spaces for recreation with the small park/play area on the north side of Lydgate Lane being created on re-claimed land when an extensive quarry was filled in the first half of the 20th century. A prominent landmark, also on Lydgate Lane, is the Crosspool transmitter, officially known as the Tapton Hill transmitting station, which stands on the site of a covered reservoir and is well seen from many parts of Sheffield. The 57-metre-high mast takes advantage of Crosspool's elevated position to provide TV pictures and radio signals for Sheffield by the “line of sight” method. The privately run Claremont Hospital is situated at 401 Sandygate Road.

Sport
Hallam F.C., the second oldest football club in the world has its home ground in Crosspool at Sandygate Road, which is the oldest football ground in the world. Crosspool hosts the start and finish of the Hallam Chase, a 3.25 miles (5.25 km) race starting at Hallam cricket ground, going on a very hilly route to Stannington church and then returning to the ground. The route has almost 250 metres of ascending and is run every year on Whit Tuesday. The race, which is organised by the local athletics club, the Hallamshire Harriers, started in 1863. Sebastian Coe, the Olympic Games gold medal winning middle distance runner, was brought up in Crosspool, attending Tapton School and being a member of Hallamshire Harriers.

Community
The community has a vibrant local community, which co-ordinates itself through a community forum established in 2003. Reports of open meeting minutes, together with items of local interest, letters and adverts are published in the quarterly 'Crosspool Clarion' magazine, delivered to over 2,500 local households, and also on the crosspool.info website. Many events and village activities are held in Crosspool. Every year since 2003 a summer fayre has been held in July, along with car boot sales in June and September. A Festival was first organised in 2010, going on to become an annual event.

title: Crosspool


text:
Elizabeth Proctor

Elizabeth Proctor (née Bassett; 1650 – after 1703) was convicted of witchcraft in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. She was the wife of John Proctor, who was convicted and executed.

Her execution sentence was postponed because she was pregnant. In 1693 the new governor, Sir William Phips, freed 153 prisoners, including Elizabeth. The widow Proctor remarried in 1699, to Daniel Richards. In 1703 she and her late husband John Proctor were granted a reversal of attainder by the Massachusetts legislature.

Early life
Elizabeth was born in 1650 in Lynn, Massachusetts, and was the daughter of Capt. William Bassett Sr. and Sarah Burt. As an adult she weighed 155 pounds. She married John Proctor on April 1, 1674 in Salem, Massachusetts.

Elizabeth's grandmother was Ann (Holland) Bassett Burt, a Quaker and a midwife. The Puritans felt there was something "witchlike" about Quakers. Since Ann was not a doctor, but was successful at caring for those who were ill, some felt she could only have these skills if she were a witch. She was charged with witchcraft in 1669. One of those who testified against Ann was Phillip Read, a doctor. These accusations left a taint in the memories of residents and may have contributed to Elizabeth's persecution nearly 30 years later.

Accusations of witchcraft
In early March 1692, the Proctors' servant, Mary Warren, began to have fits, saying she saw the spectre (ghost) of Giles Corey. John Proctor was dismissive of her claims (as he was of all the accusations) and made her work harder; he felt that witchcraft should be suspected of the bewitched girls themselves and not of the respectable women of the village. His negative reactions to the girls' accusations may have caused Elizabeth to become one of the next to be accused of practicing witchcraft.

On March 26, 1692, Mercy Lewis made the first accusations that Elizabeth's spectre was tormenting her. William Rayment, of nearby Beverly, Massachusetts, mentioned he had heard a rumor that Elizabeth Proctor would be questioned in court the next day. Appearing to go into a trance, one of the girls cried, "There's Goody Proctor! Old Witch! I'll have her hung." When onlookers expressed doubt, claiming that the Proctor family was well regarded in the community, the girl promptly came out of her trance and told them it was all for "sport".

On March 29, 1692, Abigail Williams and Mercy Lewis again said they were being tormented by Elizabeth's spectre. A few days later, Abigail complained that Elizabeth was pinching her and tearing at her bowels, and said she saw Elizabeth's spectre as well as John's. In April 1692, 31 men from Ipswich, Massachusetts, filed a petition attesting to the upstanding character of John and Elizabeth and denying that they had ever seen anything that would indicate either of the couple were witches.

In May 1692, a similar petition was filed on behalf of John and Elizabeth, containing signatures of 20 men and women, including several of the wealthiest landowners of Topsfield, Massachusetts and Salem Village. The petition questioned the validity of spectral evidence, testified to the Christian lives that John and Elizabeth had led, said that they "were ever ready to help such as stood in need of their help", and that the petitioners had no reason to believe the couple were witches.

On June 2, 1692, a male doctor and several women completed a physical examination of Elizabeth and several of the other accused. They looked for birth defects, moles or other markings, which were widely believed at the time to be a sign that the person was a witch; the examiners found no such marks.

On August 2, 1692, the court met in Salem to discuss the fate of John, Elizabeth and several others. At some point during this time, John wrote his will, but he did not include Elizabeth. Some believe this is because he assumed she would be executed along with him. In spite of the petitions and testimonies from friends, both John and Elizabeth were found guilty, and were sentenced to death on August 5, 1692. Elizabeth, who was pregnant at the time, was granted a stay of execution until after the birth of the baby. John tried to postpone his execution, but failed. On August 19, 1692, John was executed. Elizabeth remained in jail. Action was eventually taken on the petition that John had filed to save his life and that of Elizabeth, but it was too late for him.

Release
In January 1693, several hundred people were still in prison awaiting trial. On January 27, while imprisoned, Elizabeth gave birth to a son, whom she named John Proctor III after her husband. Elizabeth was not executed as the court had ordered for unknown reasons.

In May 1693, the girls began to accuse Lady Mary Phips, wife of the Governor of Massachusetts Sir William Phips. The Governor then ordered the remaining 153 prisoners to be set free. Elizabeth was among this general release of prisoners. Before she was released, her family was required to pay her prison fees. At this time, families were required to pay for their family members' room and board while in jail, as well as the cost of their executions.

Accusations against other Proctor family members
In 1692, 141 complaints were filed. Of those, 12 were against relatives or extended members of the Proctor family. John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse were convicted, and John and Rebecca were executed.

 * 1) John Proctor, husband of Elizabeth Bassett aka Elizabeth Proctor and the father of Benjamin, William, and Sarah Proctor.
 * 2) Elizabeth Bassett Proctor, third wife of John Proctor.
 * 3) Benjamin Proctor, son of John Proctor and his first wife Martha Giddens.
 * 4) William Proctor, son of John Proctor and his third wife, Elizabeth Bassett Proctor.
 * 5) Mary Bassett DeRich was the sister of Elizabeth Bassett Proctor.

Extended family

 * 1) Thomas Farrar Sr., father-in-law of Elizabeth (Hood) Farrar, sister of Sarah Hood aka Sarah Bassett
 * 2) Elizabeth Hutchinson, wife of Isaac Hart whose sister, Deborah Hart, was married to Benjamin Proctor, brother of John Proctor.
 * 3) Elizabeth Proctor, daughter of John Proctor and Elizabeth Thorndike Proctor, married Thomas Very in 1681. His sister, Elizabeth Very was the second wife of John Nurse, the eldest son of Francis and Rebecca (née Towne) Nurse.
 * 4) Rebecca Nurse, sister of Mary Eastey and Sarah Cloyce.
 * 5) Mary Eastey, sister of Rebecca Nurse and Sarah Cloyce.
 * 6) Sarah Cloyce, sister of Rebecca Nurse and Mary Eastey.
 * 7) Esther Elwell (née Dutch), aka Hester Elwell — wed to Samuel Elwell, brother of Thomas Elwell; sister-in-law to Sarah Bassett Elwell, another of Elizabeth Bassett Proctor's sisters.

Related accuser
One other family member was drawn into the Trials, joining the accusers: 16-year-old John DeRich, son of the imprisoned Bassett, and her husband, Michel DeRich, who had recently died.

Trial aftermath
Though Elizabeth was free, the ordeal was not over for her. As she had been convicted, in the eyes of the law she was a dead person, separated from society. Although the law stated that possessions would be seized when someone was convicted, the Proctors' possessions were confiscated long before their trials. Elizabeth could not claim any of John's property. She could not regain her dowry, because legally, she no longer existed. Elizabeth petitioned the General Court for reversal of attainder to restore her legal rights. No action was taken by the government for seven years, although it was already widely accepted that innocent people had been wrongly convicted.

On April 19, 1697, the probate court ordered Elizabeth's step-children to return to her the dowry as she was "now restored to benefit of law". In June 1696 Elizabeth filed an appeal to contest her husband's will. She testified in court that in that "sad time of darkness before my said husband was executed it is evident somebody had contrived a will and brought it to him to sign, wherein his whole estate is disposed of". The will had already been granted probate and assets distributed and she stated that her step-children "will not suffer me to have one penny of the estate, neither upon the account of my husband's contract with me before marriage nor yet upon the account of the dower which, as I humbly conceive, doth belong or ought to belong to me by law, for they say that I am dead in the law".

The public demanded that the courts apologize, and a written apology was issued on March 18, 1702. In July 1703, an address was made to the General Court requesting the petitions from the families be granted. Finally, action was taken to obtain the reversal of attainder for Elizabeth. The Massachusetts House of Representatives passed a bill that year formally disallowing spectral evidence, but reversing attainder only for those who had filed petitions, which applied only to John and Elizabeth Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse.

On March 2, 1703, 21 spouses and children of those condemned, as well as three women who were convicted but not executed, including Elizabeth, filed petitions before any action was taken on Elizabeth's appeal for reversal of attainder. They requested that "something may be publicly done to take off infamy from the names". Two more petitions were filed in June 1703. These included requests from eleven ministers to reconsider the convictions and restore the good names of the citizens. The Massachusetts House of Representatives finally passed a bill disallowing spectral evidence. However, they only gave reversal of attainder for those who had filed petitions.

In 1705 another petition was filed requesting a more equitable settlement for those wrongly accused. In May 1709, 22 people who had been convicted of witchcraft, or whose parents had been convicted of witchcraft, presented the General Court with a petition to take action on the 1705 proposal demanding both a reversal of attainder and compensation for financial losses. In May 1710 the legislature appointed a committee to hear the petitions. After many delays, on 17 October 1711 the General Court passed a bill reversing the judgment against the people listed in the 1709 petition and Governor Joseph Dudley signed the bill into law. There were still an additional seven people who had been convicted, but had not signed the petition. There was no reversal of attainder for them. The bill read as follows:

"Province of Massachusetts Bay Anno Regni, Anna Reginae Decimo.

An act to remove the attainders of George Burroughs and others for Witchcraft.

Forasmuch as in the year of Our Lord, one thousand six hundred and ninety-two several towns within the Province were infested with a horrible witchcraft or possession of devils. And at a special court of Oyer and Termina holden at Salem in the county of Essex in the same year 1692, George Burroughs of Wells, John Proctor, George Jacobs, John Williard, Giles Corey and Martha his wife, Rebecca Nurse and Sarah Good, all of Salem aforesaid; Elizabeth How of Ipswich; mary Easty, Sarah Wilde and Abigail Hobbs all of Topsfield; Samuel Wardwell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner, Ann Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post and Mary Lacey, all of Andover; Mary Bradbury of Salisbury, and Dorcas Hoar of Beverly, were severally indicated, convicted and attainted of witchcraft, and some of them put to death, others lying still under the like sentence of the said court and liable to have the same executed upon them.

The influence and energy of the evil spirit so great at that time acting in and upon those who were the principal accusers and witnesses proceeding so far as to cause a prosecution to be had of persons of known and good reputation which caused a great dissatisfaction and a stop to be put thereunto until their majesties pleasure should be known therein; and upon a representation thereof accordingly made, her late Majesty, Queen Mary, the Second of Blessed Memory, by Her royal letter given at her court at Whitehall the fifteenth of April 1693, was graciously pleased to approve the care and circumspection therein; and to will and require that in all proceedings against persons accused for witchcraft, or being possessed by the Devil, the greatest moderation and all due circumspection be used so far as the same may be without impediment to the ordinary course of justice.

And some of the principal accusers and witnesses in those dark and severe prosecutions have since discovered themselves to be persons of profligate and vicious conversation. Upon the humble petition and suite of several of said persons and of the children of others of them whose parents were executed.

Be it declared and enacted by His Excellency, the Governor, Council and Representatives authority of the same, That the several convictions, in General Court assembled, and by the judgements and attainders against the said George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacobs, John Williard, Giles Core [sic], Martha Core, Rebecca Nurse, Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, Mary Easty, Sarah Wild, Abagail [sic] Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abagail [sic] Faulkner, Anne Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury, Dorcas Hoar, and any of them be and are hereby reversed made and declared to be null and void to all intents, constitutionalism and purposes whatsoever as if no such convictions, judgements and attainders had ever been had or given, and that no penalties or forfeitures of goods or chattels be by the said judgements and attainders or either of them had or incurred. Any law, usage or custom to the contrary notwithstanding. And that no sheriff, constable, goaler [sic] or other officer shall be liable to any prosecution in the law for anything they then legally did in the execution of their respective offices.

Made and passed by the Great and General Court or Assembly of Her Majestys Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, held at Boston the 17th day of Oct. 1711"

The 22 people in the 1709 petition were awarded the sum of £578-12-0 to be divided among the survivors and relatives of those accused. However, reversal of attainder and monies were only awarded to the accused and their heirs who had asked for it. £150 were awarded to "John Proctor and wife", but Elizabeth's name was not specifically mentioned. Thorndike Proctor received money for his family's suffering. His older brother Benjamin objected as he had been the one responsible for taking care of his siblings during this time. The court took no action, leaving it up to the family to determine how to divide the funds. Most of the accounts were settled within a year. The award to the Proctor family was $1500, much more money from the Massachusetts General Court than most families of accused witches, a possible indicator of the wealth of the families involved.

Thorndike Proctor purchased the Groton Farm from the Downing family of London, England, following the hanging of his father. The farm was renamed Downing Farm. Thorndike subsequently sold nearly half of Downing Farm to his half-brother Benjamin. Eight generations of Proctors resided on the Downing farm, until 1851.

By 1957, not all the condemned had been exonerated. Descendants of those falsely accused demanded the General Court clear the names of their family members. In 1957 an act was passed pronouncing the innocence of those accused; however, it only listed Ann Pudeator by name and the others as "certain other persons", still failing to include all names of those convicted. They also included a resolution prohibiting further lawsuits based on old court proceedings.

In 1992, the Danvers Tercentennial Committee persuaded the Massachusetts House of Representatives to issue a resolution honoring "the courage and steadfastness of these condemned persons who adhered to truth when the legal, clerical, and political institutions failed them". While the document did list the names of all those not previously granted reversal of attainder, it only noted that these individuals were "worthy of remembrance and commemoration".

After efforts by, among others, Representatives J. Michael Ruane and Paul Tirone, and Salem schoolteacher, Paula Keene, when it was finally signed on October 31, 2001, by Governor Jane Swift, more than 300 years later, all were finally proclaimed innocent.

The Crucible
In the 1953 play The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Abigail Williams, mistress to John Proctor, secretly pierces her abdomen deeply with a needle, then pretends that it is the doing of a witch. She falsely accuses Proctor's wife, Elizabeth Proctor, of having pierced the abdomen of a witch's "poppet" doll with a needle in order to torment her, and accuses her of witchcraft. After this event, many in the community find other reasons to suspect Elizabeth Proctor.

title: Elizabeth Proctor


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LOST (game)

LOST (game) was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

About a game that has yet to be fully released. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 16:49, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. Game is notable in some circles, and this is a valid stub. Darksun 18:20, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's not notable, it hasn't been released, and its article is very poorly written, reading like an advert. --Improv 19:18, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to say very weak keep, since its likely that this will be more notable eventually. — siro  χ  o  23:35, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a fortune teller. If/when it gets released and becomes notable, a new article can be written. Alexa hasn't heard of the game's Website, www.lost.no (probably because it has no content besides a couple links and 'coming soon' type message), and the creator's site gets "Traffic Rank for infernalstudios.com: 3,510,454". Niteowlneils 02:26, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert for unreleased product.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:59, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * keep but rewrite completely. Or mark as a non-neutral stub for now. If "there is a lot of information already available", that should be found, summarised, wikified and used to expand the article beyond stub status.
 * Delete. From Niteowlneils comments, this does not appear to be coming out of a major software studio, so it will rely on it being very good to achieve any notability, and that is by no means guaranteed. Average Earthman 10:59, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It does not exist yet, and it's not Fallout 3 or Half Life 2 or something. I.e. it's not one of those games notable for not having been released.  When it is released and attracts hordes of fans, we'll need an article on it, but not now, not as a press release. Geogre 13:39, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 04:08, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Mosler Automotive

Mosler Automotive was an American sports car manufacturer headquartered in Riviera Beach, Florida. It was founded in 1985 by Warren Mosler as Consulier Industries, and manufactured the Consulier GTP, which was later rebranded and updated as the Mosler Intruder/Raptor when the company spun off its automotive division as Mosler Automotive.

The company produced the MT900R racer and the street-legal MT900S, as well as several unique project vehicles, until its demise in June 2013 and all assets were acquired by Rossion Automotive. Additional manufacturing facilities were based in St Ives, Cambridgeshire, England. Filmmaker George Lucas was the first to take delivery of the MT900S.

Consulier Industries
In 1985, Warren Mosler started a company called Consulier Industries and introduced the Consulier GTP, a 2200 lb. mid-engined car powered by a mid-mounted turbocharged Chrysler 2.2 L engine producing 190 hp. The chassis was a fiberglass-and-foam monocoque.

Mosler automotive spin off
In 1993, Consulier Industries spun off its automotive division as Mosler Automotive. The newly named Mosler Automotive introduced the Intruder, a rebodied Consulier with a new 300 hp GM LT1 engine. This car raced at the 24 hours of Nelson Ledges for two consecutive years, winning both years – unfortunately, the Intruder was also banned after its dominating 1993-4 performances. In 1996, an Intruder modified by Lingenfelter Performance Engineering to yield 450 hp won Car and Driver's One Lap of America. It too was banned after three victories.

In 1997 the Intruder was given a V-shaped windshield that reduced drag, and renamed the Raptor, once again winning the 1997 One Lap of America. It also went on to win the 1999 One Lap. The Raptor entered in the 1997 One Lap weighed 2773 lb (1,258 kg) and had 443 hp (330 kW) from a Lingenfelter modified 6.3 L V8 engine.

In 2001, an all-new Mosler debuted – the Mosler MT900. This carbon-fiber chassis, rear wheel drive sports car was designed by using Siemens advanced design software, and used a 350 hp (261 kW), mid-mounted GM LS1 engine. An early prototype MT900S, despite being 390 pounds (177 kg) heavier and having 65 hp (49 kW) less power than the production version could achieve a 0-60 mph time of 3.5 seconds, and a quarter-mile time of 12 seconds flat. Since then, the MT900 has undergone several revisions to become the 2005 MT900S, which has 435 hp (324 kW) from its Corvette Z06-derived LS-6 V8, powering a 2,500 lb (1136 kg) car (without fuel). A Photon variant was available which added a Hewland transmission, thinwall subframes, BBS magnesium wheels, titanium springs, and carbon fiber seats and bodywork, reducing the car's mass to 1,980 lb (900 kg). Motor Trend with its guest hot shoe, Le Mans winner Justin Bell, behind the wheel reported a 0-60 time of 3.1 seconds, a standing quarter-mile time of 11.72 seconds and a standing mile time of 30.4 seconds. In addition to breaking acceleration records, Motor Trend also reported 60-0 braking in 100 feet, braking from 100-0 in 275 feet and the ultimate test, 0-100-0 in 10.98 seconds, breaking the 11.15 second record previously held by the McLaren F1 LM. It was discovered after the Motor Trend test that the Mosler MT900 test car had a faulty O2 sensor and was very down on power.

Introduced concurrently was the MT900R, a race prepared version of the MT900. In 2003, the MT900R won the GTS Division of the Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona. In Europe, the MT900R has successfully raced and won in the British GT Championship, FIA GT Tourist Trophy races, International Open GT Championship, Britcar Championship, Spanish GT Championship as well as selected races in other series. In 2008, The Mosler Dutch Supercar Challenge, an MT900R only race series ran its inaugural event at the famed Nürburgring F1 track.

Mosler also produced several one-off project vehicles, including a six-wheel custom Jeep that uses many GM components (dubbed the J-10 Sport) and the TwinStar, a Cadillac Eldorado boasting twin Northstar V-8s.

Models

 * Consulier GTP
 * Intruder
 * Raptor
 * J-10 Sport
 * TwinStar
 * MT900
 * MT900R
 * MT900S
 * MT900S Photon
 * Mosler GT300
 * Mosler GT600
 * Mosler Land Shark

title: Mosler Automotive


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Bernard Darnton

Bernard Darnton (born 18 December 1972 in Leicester, United Kingdom) is a former leader of Libertarianz, a libertarian political party in New Zealand.

Involvement in the Libertarianz party
In the party's list for the 1999 election, Darnton had been ranked fourth. In the party list announced for the 2002 election, however, Darnton was ranked twentieth, although the list itself was not submitted by the appropriate deadline. Darnton became leader in mid-2004, replacing Russell Watkins, and remained in the position until the 2008 election. In 2004, Darnton unsuccessfully stood for election in the Wellington Regional Council's Wellington constituency. For the 2005 and 2008 General Elections, Darnton headed the Libertarianz party list and was the electorate candidate for.

Darnton v Clark
On 29 June 2006, Bernard Darnton filed proceedings in the High Court, suing Helen Clark for allegedly misappropriating public funds to pay for the Labour Party's pledge cards during the 2005 election. Some commentators labelled the lawsuit a stunt, although it received some media coverage as concern about the "pledge card" funding grew.

On Sunday 10 September 2006, the lawsuit was the subject of a front-page story in The Sunday Star-Times newspaper. The Labour party promptly accused the Libertarianz party of being part of a conspiracy with the National party, alleging that the small party could not afford to bring such a case to court.

In October 2006, after the Auditor-General released a report declaring that the misappropriation of funds was illegal, Labour and other political parties immediately announced that they would pay back the money. On 17 and 18 October, a majority, including the Labour Party, passed a law through Parliament to 'retrospectively validate' the spending, making it legal, which is required under the Public Finance Act 1989. In the circumstances, however, it also effectively makes the misspending immune from court proceedings.

In response, the Libertarianz party declared 18 October 2006 to be "Banana Republic Day", and issued press releases.

title: Bernard Darnton