text:
Patrick O'Donnell (Irish politician)

Patrick A. O'Donnell (21 August 1907 – 4 October 1970) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and Teachta Dála (TD) for over twenty years.

He was born on 21 August 1907 in County Meath to James F. O'Donnell, a hotelier, of Burtonport, County Donegal, and Bridget O'Donnell (née McDonnell). Raised in Burtonport, O'Donnell was educated at national schools in Meenmore and Meenamara, and at St Eunan's College in Letterkenny.

He studied for a time at University College Dublin, and qualified as a solicitor in 1930, serving his apprenticeship with a firm in Ballybofey, County Donegal. He established his own practice in Dungloe, which became one of the largest and most successful in Ireland, with extensive business throughout counties Donegal, Sligo, and Leitrim.

While Minister for Local Government, attended the St Eunan's College Golden Jubilee there in September 1956. He was a member of Donegal County Council from 1959 to 1970.

He was first elected to Dáil Éireann on 16 November 1949 for the Donegal West constituency, in a by-election caused by the death of Fianna Fáil TD Brian Brady. He was re-elected at the 1951 general election and retained his Dáil seat until his death in 1970. O'Donnell was also a member of cabinet, serving as Minister for Local Government in the Second Inter-Party Government under Taoiseach John A. Costello. He was the first Donegal deputy ever to serve in cabinet.

title: Patrick O'Donnell (Irish politician)


text:
1927 in Ireland

Events from the year 1927 in Ireland.

Incumbents

 * Governor-General: Tim Healy
 * President of the Executive Council: W. T. Cosgrave (CnaG)
 * Vice-President of the Executive Council:
 * Kevin O'Higgins (CnaG) (until 10 July 1927)
 * Ernest Blythe (CnaG) (from 14 July 1927)
 * Minister for Finance: Ernest Blythe (CnaG)
 * Chief Justice: Hugh Kennedy
 * Dáil:
 * 4th (until 20 May 1927)
 * 5th (from 23 June 1927 until 25 August 1927)
 * 6th (from 11 October 1927)

Events

 * 6 April – Dan Breen proposes a Bill in the Dáil that Article 17 of the Irish Free State Constitution be removed. President W. T. Cosgrave opposes the removal of the Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown.
 * 13 April – delegates at the annual conference of the Farmers' Party reject proposals to merge with Cumann na nGaedheal.
 * 18 April – Celtic Park in Belfast is opened. It is the first greyhound track in Ireland.
 * 20 May – the Intoxicating Liquor Act requires bars to be closed all day on Christmas Day and Good Friday.
 * 4 June – the results of the general election are a hung Dáil, with Fianna Fáil entering the Dáil for the first time and removing Cumann na nGaedheal's majority.
 * 20 June – in a radio broadcast, the leader of Fianna Fáil, Éamon de Valera, says that the results of the general election prove that the people of Ireland want to get rid of the Oath of Allegiance.
 * 29 June – a morning Solar eclipse takes place across Ireland.
 * 10 July – Kevin O'Higgins, Vice-President of the Executive Council and Minister for Justice, is assassinated by the anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army in Dublin.
 * 15 July – Constance Markievicz (née Gore-Booth) dies aged 59 in Dublin. She was an officer in the Irish Citizen Army, taking part in the Easter Rising; the first woman elected to the British House of Commons, though she did not take her seat; and the first female Irish cabinet minister.
 * 28 July – Ireland's first automatic telephone exchange is opened in Dublin.
 * 1 August – the Electricity Supply Board (ESB) is appointed as an offshoot of the Shannon Scheme.
 * 3 August – Mary Bailey becomes the first woman to pilot an aeroplane across the Irish Sea.
 * 11 August – following changes to the electoral laws Fianna Fáil Teachtaí Dála arrive at Leinster House for the first time. They take the Oath of Allegiance, dismissing it as an "empty formula".
 * 15 September – a new general election is called due to the hung Dáil; again it is very close, with Cumann na nGaedheal winning 62 seats, Fianna Fáil 57, Labour 13, the Farmers' Party 6, National League Party 2, and the Irish Worker League just one – James Larkin.
 * c. October – the Agricultural Credit Corporation is set up to encourage investment in agriculture.
 * 28 October – Cleggan Bay Disaster: A strong gale kills 45 fishermen off the coast of County Galway, leading to abandonment of the Inishkea Islands.
 * November – Ernest Bewley opens his Grafton Street café in Dublin.
 * Undated – The Industrial and Commercial Property Registration Office (re-designated the Patents Office by the Patents Act 1964) is established at 45 Merrion Square, Dublin.

Arts and literature

 * James Joyce's Pomes Penyeach is published in Paris.
 * W. B. Yeats' October Blast (including "Among School Children") and Stories of Red Hanrahan and the Secret Rose are published in the UK.

Football

 * International Games:
 * 23 April: Ireland 1–2 Italy 'B'
 * League of Ireland
 * Winners: Shamrock Rovers
 * FAI Cup
 * Winners: Drumcondra 1–1, 1–0 Brideville

Gaelic Games

 * The All-Ireland Champions are Dublin (hurling) and Kildare (football).

Golf

 * Irish Open is won by George Duncan (Scotland).

Greyhound Racing

 * 18 April: the first greyhound racing track in Ireland opens at Celtic Park (Belfast).

Births

 * 8 January – Tim Flood, hurler (died 2014)
 * 15 January – Michael Barrett, Fianna Fáil TD (died 2006)
 * 17 January - John A. Murphy, historian and senator (died 2022)
 * 20 January – John O'Connell, Labour Party TD, Cabinet Minister, Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann and MEP (died 2013).
 * 3 February – Val Doonican, popular singer (died 2015).
 * 5 February – John S. Beckett, musician, composer and conductor (died 2007).
 * 16 February – Pearse Hutchinson, poet, broadcaster and translator (born in Glasgow; died 2012).
 * 3 March – Aidan Higgins, writer.
 * 20 March – Cairbre (also known as Leo), lion mascot.
 * 24 April – Eamon Casey, Bishop of Galway, 1976–1992 (died 2017).
 * 8 July
 * Maurice Hayes, public servant, independent member of Seanad Éireann (died 2017).
 * John McAndrew, Mayo Gaelic footballer, doctor and greyhound trainer (died 2013).
 * 26 July – Danny La Rue, born Daniel Patrick Carroll, female impersonator (died 2009).
 * 2 August – Veronica Dunne, soprano (died 2021)
 * 6 August – Richard Murphy, poet.
 * 15 August – Patrick Galvin, poet and dramatist (died 2011).
 * 25 September – Gordon Wilson, peace campaigner (died 1995).
 * 9 October – Frank O'Farrell, soccer player and manager.
 * 14 October – Alf Ringstead, soccer player (died 2000).
 * 4 December – Pat Daly, soccer player.
 * Imogen Stuart, sculptor (born in Germany).

Deaths

 * 6 February – Sam Maguire, Irish Republican and Gaelic footballer (born 1877).
 * 25 February – David Baird, United States Senator from New Jersey from 1918 to 1919 (born 1839).
 * 9 March – Martin Fitzgerald, elected to Seanad in 1922 and 1925.
 * 22 April – Robert John McConnell, businessman, baronet and Lord Mayor of Belfast (born 1853).
 * 3 May – Tom Gallaher, tobacco manufacturer (born 1840).
 * 1 June – J. B. Bury, historian, classical scholar and philologist (born 1861).
 * 3 June – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, British statesman and colonial administrator (died 1927 in Ireland)
 * 10 July – Kevin O'Higgins, Minister for Justice, assassinated by the Irish Republican Army (born 1892).
 * 15 July – Constance Markievicz (née Gore-Booth), Sinn Féin and Fianna Fáil TD, member of 1st Dáil, Cabinet Minister (born 1868).
 * 22 July – Martin Morris, 2nd Baron Killanin, barrister and politician (born 1867).
 * 4 August – John Dillon, land reform agitator, Irish Home Rule activist, nationalist politician, MP and last leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party (in London) (born 1851).
 * 5 August
 * Joseph O'Mara, opera singer (born 1864).
 * Henry Prittie, 4th Baron Dunalley, peer and Lord Lieutenant of County Tipperary 1905–1922 (born 1851).
 * 3 October – Gerald Carew, 5th Baron Carew (born 1860).
 * 7 October – Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, philanthropist and businessman (born 1847).
 * 16 October – Sir Henry Robinson, 1st Baronet, civil servant (born 1857).
 * 22 November – Patrick O'Donnell, Cardinal, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland (born 1856).
 * 31 December – Dermot Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo, served in Seanad from 1922 to 1927 (born 1851).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1927 in Ireland


text:
1-Triacontanol

1-Triacontanol (n-triacontanol) is a fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O, also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. It is found in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax. Triacontanol is a growth stimulant for many plants, most notably roses, in which it rapidly increases the number of basal breaks. 1-Triacontanol is a natural plant growth regulator. It has been widely used to enhance the yield of various crops around the world, mainly in Asia. Triacontanol has been reported to increase the growth of plants by enhancing the rates of photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, the transport of nutrients in a plant and enzyme activity, reducing complex carbohydrates among many other purposes. The fatty alcohol appears to increase the physiological efficiency of plant cells and boost the potential of the cells responsible for the growth and maturity of a plant.

History
Triacontanol was first isolated in 1933 from alfalfa wax. It was identified as a saturated straight chain primary alcohol. Triacontanol is found in various plant species as a minor component of the epicuticular wax. In wheat, triacontanol is about 3-4% of the leaf wax.. The effects of triacontanol may also be seen when a chopped alfafa plant is placed in close proximity to the seedlings and various crop seeds. A substantial increase in yield and growth has been seen in different plants, such as cucumber, tomatoes, wheat, maize, lettuce, and rice.

Characteristics
Triacontanol does not react the same way in all plant species. The effects of triacontanol various in terms of photosynthesis and the yield manipulation in plant species. The effects on C-3 plants and C-4 plants. In tomato plant (C-3 plant), the treatment of triacontanol increases the dry leaf weight and inhibited the photosynthesis by 27% in dry leaves, whereas in the maize plants no change in photosynthesis occurs whether treated by triacontanol or not. Although, the basic effect of treating seedlings of various plant species is an increase in plant growth, photosynthesis and the yield of the crops, the effects of triacontanol are not the same in every plant species. Some exhibit these symptoms while some show no response to the treatment to triacontanol. Different studies reveal that the effects of triacontanol differs with the amounts of the triacontanol used to treat the plant. A much higher dose of triacontanol could also have adverse effects on the growth of a plant. Triacontanol has been reported to increase productivity of some plants that have some therapeutic properties. In addition, the effects of triacontanol are observed in opium and morphine production.

Functionality
There are numerous corporations making synthetic triacontanol for enhancing the crop yield and pest resistance in the crops. Triacontanol improves the rate of cell division in a plant that produces larger roots and shoots. It has been shown that if triacontanol is applied during the maximized growth period of a plant in an appropriate amount, it enhances the enzymatic activity in the roots and hormone functionality increasing the overall performance of the plant. Triacontanol basically operates by enhancing the basic functionality of the plant like increasing the rate of photosynthesis and producing more sugar such as glucose. When photosynthesis operates efficiently, the plant produce more sugars and absorb more sunlight. The plant then send more sugars to the rhizosphere via the root system where the growth, respiration and nutrient exchange take place in the vicinity of the soil. Availability of more sugars lead to more respiration and nutrient exchange between the plants and the microorganisms in the soil. when the microbes receive more sugars from the plant, it increases the microbial activity in the root zone and they perform more efficiently in mining the nutrients like in the case of nitrogen fixation. These microorganisms particularly trace the nutrients essential for the soil. These nutrients are further used by the plants to build more complex nutrients and compounds essential for rapid growth and defence from certain other microbes. These complex compounds maximize the yield of the crop. Overall, despite other benefits from adequate amounts of triacontanol, the effect of enhanced photosynthesis may increase the plant outcomes.

Synthesis of triacontanol
There are several chemical pathways via which triacontanol can be artificially synthesized. One method includes an organic compound succinic anhydride and a carboxylic acid docosanoic acid that have been used to attach the different carbon chains (C4 and C22) on 2 and 5 positions of thiophene, via two acylation sequences. Later, 2-5 substituted thiophene is reacted for desulphurization using Raney Nickel. It produces triacontanoic acid which can be reduced with lithium aluminium hydride (LAH) to produce 1-triacontanol.

Another method of synthesizing triacontanol focuses on the high yield with the easily available and feasible compounds that can form triacontanol through some chemical reactions in laboratory settings. 1-octadecanol or stearyl alcohol and 1,12-dodecanediol. Using the phase transfer system the 1-octadecanol is converted to octadecanal. On the other hand, 1,12-dodecanediol goes through the phase transfer bromination and further reacted with 1-hydroxy-12-triphenylphosphonium bromide. Both the end products of the two compounds undergo Witting reaction to give the product. The resulted mixture is hydrogenated to give triacontanol.

Cacao Seedlings
Cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) shows a positive growth in terms of plant length and the leaf size when treated with triacontanol. In a study, the cocoa seedlings when receive an appropriate amount of triacontanol, led to increase in the leaf size, plant length, leaf number as well as the stem diameter of the cocoa plant. which is due to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites which alters the physiology and the biochemistry of the plants. Treating the cocoa plant with excess amount of triacontanol led to inhibition of plant growth and bearing of adverse effects on the plant physiology. The provision of triacontanol rapidly increase the morphogenetic response in the plant during the embryogenesis process. The enhanced response lead to increase in the cell division and cell growth by the growth regulators. Moreover, it also leads to increased shoots and roots of the plant. The whole process results from the formation of new growth and development proteins and new mRNA.

Rhizophora apiculata (Mangrove)
In the hypocotyl treatment of triacontanol in the mangrove plant resulted in increased root and shoot growth. The rise in the number of primary and secondary roots, the length of roots, height and the biomass resulted from triacontanol treatment. Moreover, the reduction of nitrate reductase as well as increase amount of chlorophylls in the photosystem 1 and 2 observed. However, the increase in the concentration of triacontanol resulted in the decrease of the plant growth. hence, the amount of the alcohol treatment is the driving force for the enhanced results.

Cell cultures in vitro
Triacontanol also increases the growth of a cell in vitro by increasing the cell number in the culture. It can be attributed to the increase protein formation and rapid cell division induced by triacontanol.

The growth of cell culture in vitro has been done with various plant species to observe the effects of triacontanol. Similar effects of triacontanol can be seen with a variety of plants like rice, wheat, corn, maize, cucumber, and many more.

title: 1-Triacontanol


text:
Steeple (disambiguation)

A steeple is a tall tower on a building, often topped by a spire.

Steeple may also refer to:

Types of steeple

 * Comtois steeple, a church bell tower with Imperial dome, typical of Franche-Comté, France
 * Crown steeple, a form of church steeple in which curved stone flying buttresses form the open shape of a rounded crown
 * Trinitarian steeple, a 3-point steeple typical of the province of Soule of Basque Country in France

Placenames consisting of "Steeple"

 * Steeple, County Antrim, a townland in Antrim, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
 * Steeple, Dorset, a hamlet in south Dorset, England
 * Steeple, Essex, a very small village in south Essex, England
 * Steeple (Lake District), a fell in the Lake District, England
 * The Steeple, a rocky ridge forming the northwest arm of Mount Carroll, Antarctica
 * The Steeple (Lochgoilhead), a small mountain near the village of Lochgoilhead, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Scotland

Placenames containing "Steeple"

 * Ainderby Steeple, a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England
 * Falkirk Steeple, a landmark which dominates the skyline of Falkirk, central Scotland
 * Gwern-y-Steeple, a hamlet in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales
 * Steeple Ashton, a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England
 * Steeple Aston, a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England
 * Steeple Barton, a civil parish and scattered settlement on the River Dorn in West Oxfordshire, England
 * Steeple Bumpstead, a village and civil parish near Haverhill, in Braintree district, Essex
 * Steeple Church, the western part of the historic "City Churches" building in Dundee, Scotland
 * Steeple Claydon, a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England
 * Steeple Gidding, a hamlet near the village of Hamerton, Cambridgeshire, England
 * St Andrew's Church, Steeple Gidding, a redundant but preserved Anglican church
 * Steeple Jason Island, a small island in the Falkland Islands
 * Steeple Langford, a village and civil parish on the River Wylye in Wiltshire, England
 * Steeple Langford Down, a Site of Special Scientific Interest
 * Steeple Morden, a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England
 * RAF Steeple Morden, a former Royal Air Force station
 * Steeple Peaks, a group of five summits in Antarctica
 * Steeple Point, a low ice-covered point on the west coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica
 * Steeple Point to Marsland Mouth, a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall, England
 * Steeple Rock, the largest rock of Barrett Reef by the entrance to Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
 * Steeple View, an area of Basildon, Essex, England
 * Sturton le Steeple, a village in Nottinghamshire, England
 * St Peter and St Paul's Church, Sturton-le-Steeple, a Grade II* listed Anglican parish church

People
Steeples is a surname of English origin. People with that surname include:
 * Albert Steeples (1870–1945), English cricketer
 * Dick Steeples, (1873–1946), English cricketer
 * Eddie Steeples (born 1973), American actor
 * John Steeples (1959–2019), English footballer
 * Robert Steeples (born 1989), American football player and coach

Other uses

 * STEEPLE, an extended form of PEST analysis (business environment analysis)
 * Steeple compound engine, a form of tandem compound steam engine whose name derives from its great height
 * Steeple Grange Light Railway, a heritage railway at Wirksworth, Derbyshire, England
 * Steeple sign, a radiologic sign found on a frontal neck radiograph, often diagnostic of croup
 * Steeple, a 2010 album by British psychedelic rock band Wolf People

title: Steeple (disambiguation)


text:
1926 in Ireland

Events from the year 1926 in Ireland.

Incumbents

 * Governor-General: Tim Healy
 * President of the Executive Council: W. T. Cosgrave (CnaG)
 * Vice-President of the Executive Council: Kevin O'Higgins (CnaG)
 * Minister for Finance: Ernest Blythe (CnaG)
 * Chief Justice: Hugh Kennedy
 * Dáil: 4th

Events

 * 1 January – Douglas Hyde officially opens the Irish Free State broadcasting service, 2RN (later RTÉ Radio 1), in Dublin.
 * 4 January – the country's first Aeroplane Club is formed in Dublin.
 * 19 January – the Minister for Finance, Ernest Blythe, introduces a Bill providing for the issue of silver, nickel and bronze coins for Saorstát Éireann.
 * 21 January – the Northern Ireland Minister for Agriculture meets his Free State counterpart, Patrick Hogan. The meeting paves the way for co-operation in securing better animal health for livestock.
 * 12 February – the minister for Justice, Kevin O'Higgins, appoints a Committee on Evil Literature.
 * 11 March – Éamon de Valera resigns as President of Sinn Féin at its Árd-Fheis when one of his proposals is defeated.
 * 7 April – an elderly Irishwoman, Violet Gibson, shoots the Italian Prime Minister, Benito Mussolini, in Rome.
 * 18 April – census held in both parts of Ireland. The population of the Irish Free State is 2,972,000; the population of Northern Ireland is 1,257,000.
 * 29 April – Dublin city commissioners decide to remove Nelson's Pillar from O'Connell Street. However, this decision needs the approval of the Oireachtas.
 * 16 May – at La Scala Theatre in Dublin a new political party is formed. Fianna Fáil – the Republican Party is launched by leading republicans including Éamon de Valera and Seán Lemass.
 * 20 August – the Irish pilgrimage to the battlefields of France and Flanders leaves today. Celtic crosses are to be unveiled in memory of the members of the 16th Irish Division who died during World War I.
 * 5 September – 48 people burned to death in a cinema fire at Dromcolliher, County Limerick.
 * 17 November – President W. T. Cosgrave introduces the Public Safety (Emergency Powers) Bill following the killing of two unarmed gardaí.
 * 25 November – Éamon de Valera addresses the first Fianna Fáil Árd-Fheis in Dublin.
 * The Gaeltacht – regions with a significant percentage of Irish language speakers – is officially recognised, following the report of the first Coimisiún na Gaeltachta in the Free State.

Unknown date

 * HB Ice Cream founded.
 * Irish Sugar Manufacturing Company Limited established in Carlow as a private enterprise to process sugar beet.

Arts and literature

 * 8 February – Seán O'Casey's The Plough and the Stars (set in 1915–16) opens at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. On 11 February, the performance is marred by ugly scenes in the audience: one man strikes an actress.
 * 6 September – Lennox Robinson's play The Big House (set in 1918–23) opens at the Abbey Theatre.
 * 22 November – George Bernard Shaw, having initially refused to accept the prize money for the Nobel Prize for Literature, will now accept the money but return it to the Nobel Foundation.
 * M. J. Farrell's first novel, The Knight of Cheerful Countenance, is published.
 * W. B. Yeats' Autobiographies is published as volume 6 of his Collected Edition by Macmillan in London.

Football
Result: Italy 3-0 Ireland
 * 21 March The Republic of Ireland national football team plays Italy for the first time.

 * League of Ireland
 * Winners: Shelbourne
 * FAI Cup
 * Winners: Fordsons 3–2 Shamrock Rovers

Gaelic Games

 * The All-Ireland Champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football)

Births

 * 15 January – Tom McEllistrim, Fianna Fáil TD (died 2000).
 * 3 February – Jim Higgins, soccer player.
 * 9 February – Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach and leader of Fine Gael (died 2011).
 * 10 March – Thomas Dunne, Fine Gael TD and MEP (died 1990).
 * 24 March – Desmond Connell, Cardinal and Archbishop of Dublin (died 2017).
 * 30 March – Ray McAnally, actor (died 1989).
 * 4 April – Ronnie Masterson, actress (died 2014).
 * 23 April – J. P. Donleavy, writer (died 2017).
 * 26 April – Philomena Garvey, golfer.
 * 18 May – Sylvester Barrett, Fianna Fáil TD, Cabinet Minister and MEP (died 2002).
 * 2 June – Milo O'Shea, actor (died 2013 in the United States).
 * 21 July – Patrick Lalor, Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for Laois–Offaly, Cabinet Minister, Member of the European Parliament and Laois hurler (died 2016).
 * 1 August – Declan Costello, former Fine Gael TD, Attorney General and High Court judge (died 2011).
 * 30 August – Tom O'Donnell, Fine Gael TD and MEP (died 2020).
 * 3 November – Frank Filgas, cricketer (died 2006).
 * 9 November – Hugh Leonard, dramatist, writer and journalist (died 2009).
 * 10 November – Brian Behan, writer and trade unionist (died 2002).
 * 23 November – Peter Desmond, soccer player (died 1990).
 * 10 December – Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, writer (died 1989).
 * 18 December – Stanley Bergin, cricketer (died 1969).

Deaths

 * 18 April – Dolway Walkington, Irish national rugby union captain (born 1867).
 * 21 April – George Carew, 4th Baron Carew (born 1863).
 * 14 June – Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, peer (born 1841).
 * 22 June – Norman Garstin, artist (born 1847).
 * 19 November – Thomas Cusack, Democrat U.S. Representative from Illinois (born 1858).

title: 1926 in Ireland


text:
Talk:Australian Grand Prix

V8 Supercars 2007
After many years as a support act, the Australian Supercar championship put in a bid to have a higher priority for the 2007 race, with the possibility of being given pit garage space and thus making it a point scoring round for the Supercars. This choice was turned down by the FIA which lead to the V8 Supercars chosing to end their role as support race, leaving a gap in the support races for the Grand Prix. Many V8 fans see it as cuasing a serious indent on the turn out while the FIA and Grand Prix Teams make no notice of it.

Removed not true - http://grandprix.com.au/default.aspx?s=newsdisplay&id=101 - Official Grand Prix Corp. Press release says due to conflict of television rights.

Most Wins - Lex Davidson
The infobox lists Lex Davidson as having the most wins. Should this infobox only include details for official Formula One races? GK1 06:07, 13 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Posted on WP:F1 discussion page for wider discussion. -- DH85868993 07:32, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Regarding Bathurst Grand Prix Events
There were some Australian Grand Prix meetings held on the old Yale circuit in Bathurst, Yale was used before the Mount Panorama circuit was opened. There appears to be no mention of this in the article however unfortunately I don't have much information on these events. I will try to locate some further information and enter it as required. Virtualr84 16:29, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The Mount Panorama circuit opened in 1938 and was utilised almost immediately for the 1938 Australian Grand Prix. Archival photographs and reports of that race clearly show it to be Mount Panorama. Or you suggesting that AGP's were held at Yale prior to 1928? --Falcadore (talk) 08:03, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

1994
Who sponsored the race in 1994? The article does not say so if any one knows who sponsored it that year please fix.Pattav2 (talk) 07:20, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
 * My strong recollection is that in the absence of a naming rights sponsor, the race was "sponsored" by the South Australian state government. I think it was either called the "SA Great Australian Grand Prix" or "Sensational Adelaide Australian Grand Prix". I'll try to locate my copy of the programme to make certain. DH85868993 04:25, 1 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The programme cover indicates it was just called the "Australian Grand Prix". I don't count the word "Adelaide" as part of the name - if you look at the programme covers for the other races held in Adelaide , they all have the word "Adelaide" somewhere on the cover. I've updated the article to say there was no naming rights sponsor in 1994. DH85868993 (talk) 02:37, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Notable Grands Prix
Are there any that are not considered notable - apart from pre-'85? Basically - shouldn't the articles on the Grand Prixs themselves carry this info? --Falcadore (talk) 01:06, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I suppose all the races from 1985 onwards are notable but perhaps some are more memorable than others. Maybe the section could/should be retitled "Memorable Australian Grands Prix"? Certainly the individual race reports should contain the information which is currently in this article, so the question is whether it should be included here as well. DH85868993 (talk) 14:50, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
 * If it can be done, it might be better to have some prose which summarises the history of the event. The focus then is not so much on notable races, but on races that have affected the history of the event. The 1991 monsoon, for example - did that influence the move away from Adelaide? Does that make sense? 4u1e (talk) 19:35, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

First Formula 1 race
1987 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.164.133 (talk) 06:56, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The 1985 Australian Grand Prix was the first Formula One race. DH85868993 (talk) 01:42, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Origins section
A proposed revamp - expansion of the Origins section which really skims over the pre-F1 history of the Grand Prix, I have written a replacement section and placed it here, as its a drastic re-write I thought I'd give interested editors a preview. At this point I have not added my references, but I do have a number of texts lined up for the purpose I just wrote the terxt first.

Any comments would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. --Falcadore (talk) 02:29, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it's great. I don't have any improvements to suggest. DH85868993 (talk) 02:14, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Then up its goes. --Falcadore (talk) 12:24, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

1928 AGP
The assertion that Waite won the 1928 AGP "using the handicapped start to beat many faster, more powerful cars to the finish" is, I believe, incorrect. The 1928 chapter in "The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix" makes it pretty clear that the two races both used a mass start, albeit with the two classes separated in each race. But it was the fastest overall time set by Waite which gave him the victory. GTHO (talk) 03:16, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Adelaide GP needs major help
The part of the article about the Adelaide F1 GP is pretty bad. There's not much there, what's there is largely fluff, and the single source is dead. It already has a "needs expansion" tag, and now needs a source (or more). This was obviously a significant part of the history of the Australian GP. Can anybody help? (I'm not the right person.) HiLo48 (talk) 07:21, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

"Recent attendance" section - very POV
There is considerable controversy about how many people actually go to the GP. And from within that number, how many are not on complementary tickets and actually pay their way. (Most people I know who go get free tickets.)

The source for the most recent event describes the number as "estimated". No mention of who did the estimating, and how. It also mention a much smaller estimate from opponents of the race, but that figure didn't make it into the article. Three of the figures for previous years don't even have sources. By just listing the figure claimed by those who want the race to continue, we are taking the side of the promoters and fans, and ignoring other views. Not a good look for Wikipedia. HiLo48 (talk) 17:11, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Then remove all the estimates and just add the official attendnace figure. Simple. --Falcadore (talk) 21:48, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
 * That would take some restructuring to have it make sense, but I'll give it a go. HiLo48 (talk) 11:18, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Deleting everything isn't "having a go" mind you. --Falcadore (talk) 13:10, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I started looking at how much wasn't "estimated", and was from objective sources, and sourced at all, and all that was left was all that I left. How can what you have now reverted it to be justified? HiLo48 (talk) 01:29, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm concerned about your own POV issues on this subject. First of all this is a list of attendances, it does not state paying attendance, just attendance. I should also point out that if someone goes to the Grand Prix for example on a free corporate ticket it is only free to the attendee, someone else has paid for the ticket on their behalf so they are in fact still paid attendee.
 * Secondly, I'm concerned you are setting an unrealistically high standard. We are not taking the sides of the promotors and fans. Sporting events all over Australia are issued by promotors. You doubt one, you doubt at least in theory, them all. Do you suggest deleting every crowd attendance figure in Wikipedia, or just certain ones.
 * Also as an at least partially govertment-funded event, those crowd figures do have to be justified. You deleted one figure published by a respectable newspaper without providing any alternative figures when all you have to do to satisfy Wikipedia is to add an asterisk or an (estimated) or similar. By deleting many of these figures it would seem you a pushing a point of view of your own.
 * Additionally, I did suggest replacing figures with official figures. Did you even attempt that? --Falcadore (talk) 12:23, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
 * If there's rubbish there, it shouldn't be there. So it should be deleted on sight. FInding reliable figures would be a good thing, but is hardly my job alone. And, figures such as AFL attendances are audited. Thay are reliably precise. They do not included tens of thousands of compllimentary tickests. GP figures are not audited. This IS a controvesial issue. We should not be including "claimed" figures from the promoters unless we describe them as just that and highlight the doubt and controversy. Yes, I do have a POV. The promoters are there to make money, not to tell the truth. Their figures are not reliable. HiLo48 (talk) 21:38, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
 * No other Australian sport outisde of the AFL audits its figures, so the point still stands. If there is "rubbish" it needs to be justified. Someone saying a crowd is 'estimated' is not proof of falsehood. --Falcadore (talk) 21:40, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Hey Guys, Sorry 4 opening a can of worms. Anyways, I see that the 04,06 and 07 aust stad refs were left behind in HiLo48's edit. I assume he/she thinks they are unbiased/reliable(whatever) sources. I couldn't be bothered re-referencing sources 4 the other years where the crowd numbers were the same from both sources. This is the link 4 the 04-08, 10, 12 years, http://www.austadiums.com/sport/results.php?sid=8. I don't know how they obtain their numbers but there it is. Personally the Aust TV and radio ratings is my biggest concern where 5000 people represent the nation but that's not this pg. The figures in aust stad are not exact but close enough, just like every other australian sport (except AFL as you say). It gives readers an idea whether the crowd is up or down and the approxiamte amount of people that attend yr to yr. If you're super-keen just put an asterisk 4 the whole section cos it's all an educated estimate I guess. But then you would have to put an asterisk next to a shitload more pages on wiki. Hope I didn't offend you in this post(as i'm new to wiki).Offfspring227 (talk) 07:02, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080722071648/http://www.adelaidereview.com.au/archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1111107077&archive=1112321192&start_from=&ucat=2& to http://www.adelaidereview.com.au/archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1111107077&archive=1112321192&start_from=&ucat=2&
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041026084258/http://cars.grandprix.com.au:80/ to http://cars.grandprix.com.au/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120130082615/http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=131565 to http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=131565
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150214053114/http://www.austadiums.com/sport/event.php?eventid=15251 to http://www.austadiums.com/sport/event.php?eventid=15251
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050521040237/http://www.f1db.com:80/f1/page/Fosters_Australian_Grand_Prix_2005 to http://www.f1db.com/f1/page/Fosters_Australian_Grand_Prix_2005

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Most Constructor Wins
The Introduction mentions McLaren with 12 wins, but the info box lists both Ferrari and McLaren with 12 wins. There seems like a conflict here, but I do not know the true stats. SquashEngineer (talk) 20:14, 30 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The infobox is correct. I have updated the introduction accordingly. Thanks for pointing out the discrepancy. DH85868993 (talk) 10:33, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

Okay.
Johnsmith2116 As I said earlier, we follow WP:F1 in maintaining the pages related to Formula One. Might not be the same as tennis, I ask you to respect that. Admanny (talk) 23:17, 11 March 2019 (UTC)

One of the repeat winners redirects to an unrelated article.
Les Murphy gets linked to an unrelated article, I don't know how to fix it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:74CE:3800:4833:9486:D6A0:659E (talk) 22:43, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I've changed the Les Murphy link to Les Murphy (racing driver). SSSB (talk) 23:01, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

Photo question
Was wondering what some others think about File:2017 Australian GP security team.jpg being used in Australian Grand Prix ? It doesn't seem to be really adding much encyclopedically to the article per WP:IUP in my opinion, and there's no corresponding content about Maurice Novoa or security guards in general anywhere that I can see in the article. Perhaps there's something I'm missing and others feel differently. -- Marchjuly (talk) 03:58, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Photo of Melbourne Grand Prix published in The Latina Australian Times newspaper. Australianblackbelt (talk)
 * I wasn't questioning the source of the photo or its copyright status. I'm only asking for opinions on how this image is encyclopedically relevant to the article. Per WP:IUP, "The purpose of an image is to increase readers' understanding of the article's subject matter, usually by directly depicting people, things, activities, and concepts described in the article. The relevant aspect of the image should be clear and central." You added the file to the article so perhaps you can clarify how it increases the readers' understanding of any of the content contained in the article. -- Marchjuly (talk) 07:17, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't see how this photo is useful at all. 5225C (talk • contributions) 07:23, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I had considered reverting this addition but didn't get around to it. In any case, I agree it isn't really suitable, especially in context and with the caption (Maurice Novoa has no noteworthy connection to the Grand Prix as far as I can tell). If there were some discussion of security and/or miscellaneous organisation of the event then maybe a photo of security would be appropriate, but I don't think it is suitable as is. A7V2 (talk) 08:17, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with 5225C and A7V2, this has no value. SSSB (talk) 09:30, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Remove, it in no way helps the reader understand the topic and is only of tangental relevance. Adds zero encyclopaedic value. It appears to have only been inserted as part of a promotion campaign for this Maurice Novoa that is currently underway. Canterbury Tail talk 17:48, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I've removed it. Canterbury Tail talk 13:05, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Australian Grand Prix
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Australian Grand Prix's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Mitchell 2022": From 2022 Australian Grand Prix:  From 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 16:41, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * It was the first one. I've updated the article. Thanks AnomieBOT. DH85868993 (talk) 08:58, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose merging Australian Grand Prix F3 Support Race into Australian Grand Prix. I don't believe the topic is independtly notably, unfortunately, but it can probably be included in this article with a section about support races. TartarTorte 14:06, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed, merge it. There's no Melbourne F2 round article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.164.64.246 (talk) 14:37, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Australian F2 never raced in Melbourne. This is Australian Formula 3, not FIA Formula 3. --Falcadore (talk) 03:00, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Support The support itself does not appear to be notable enough to have its own article. Grahaml35 (talk) 18:15, 23 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose such a merge. Completely unwarranted to give such details about such a minor event (if even it can be described as "an event" rather than two (edit: non-championship) rounds of a particular championship). This should instead be deleted, or perhaps changed in scope to cover the FIA Formula 3 Championship. I will shortly place a PROD on 2007 Australian Grand Prix F3 Support Race as it is completely non-notable. A7V2 (talk) 06:54, 6 February 2024 (UTC) edited A7V2 (talk) 07:00, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose there is no precedent for merging support races into Grand Prix articles. You might merge it into Albert Park Circuit. --Falcadore (talk) 03:00, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Comment: This article's opening sentence explains it is about the event. The event consists of many competitions, one being the Formula 1 Grand Prix race. The hatnote (and other leading sentences) says the article is about the race, fair to assume F1. These have clear definitions in the FIA ISC, so no reason to be confusing and maybe this is why different editors have opposing views. Consider agreeing on the identity of this article first as notability of the support race is a second conversation. Perhaps, this is a widespread issue in racing as similar discussion was held recently at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Motorsport.
 * Rally Wonk (talk) 16:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Comment - I think the best course of action given the current mess here, would be to take Australian Grand Prix F3 Support Race to AfD where a more clear consensus on what should be done should be formed. That would of course not preclude it being merged here or elsewhere. A7V2 (talk) 06:58, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Proposed removal of Formula 3 section
The formula 3 section recently added as a result of the above "discussion" is completely out of place, and has no references apart from one that refers to a separate championship. It should be removed. Also note that the above discussion was closed not based on what was brought up, but instead by the closer's admission based on a vote. A7V2 (talk) 23:16, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

 * The merged secion has some additional citations. It was a support race for the AGP in 2006 and 2007. If you are absolutely set on deleting content -I'd recommend you look at improving the content for 2007 Australian Grand Prix F3 Support Race by potentially merging this info to make a 2006 & 2007 page. TRL (talk) 00:48, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I rather suggest you accept the content is not notable and let the content be deleted. Your closure of the above discussion was a completely unacceptable reading of the discussion and hence why it was reverted. Tvx1 14:23, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
 * There could be a section for support races, if necessary media coverage and content were provided. What was part of the deleted article looks simply not enough.Rpo.castro (talk) 19:43, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Y'all do what you want! I disagree with the complete delete of the section - it is inappropriate. If you disagree with the merge... put it all back to the original configuration... don't just delete it! That action is more harmful than the merge itself. My read on the closure of over five months of discussion about the merge was 3-2 vote support for merge.
 * By blatantly deleting the content you are inhibiting this discussion and the merge... You shouldn't delete and not finish the undo... TRL (talk) 02:54, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Oh, and BTW @Tvx1 where were you in the vote of the merge discussion? You have not provided input there, yet you revert the actions? This does not make sense... TRL (talk) 03:14, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * What relevance is the 3-2 "vote", when this was a discussion and not a vote? That's not how consensus works. As for your suggestion that the original article should be restored, with that I agree, and will do so shortly. It is my opinion, however, that this issue would be best settled at AfD. A7V2 (talk) 06:52, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I've returned to see if a consensus was formed on this but nothing happened. I wonder if anybody who believes the article is only about the F1 race has thoughts on also removing the Economic impact section as this is the impact of the event, not the F1 race. Rally Wonk (talk) 11:55, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Making the article about the event instead of the race doesn't make the F3 support race a notable part of it. --Falcadore (talk) 18:28, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Australian Grand Prix


text:
USS Shad (SS-235)

USS Shad (SS-235), a Gato-class submarine, was the first submarine and second vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the shad, a fish of the herring family, common along coasts of the United States.

The second Shad was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard (in Kittery, Maine) on 24 October 1941. She was launched on 15 April 1942 (sponsored by Miss Priscilla Alden Dudley), and commissioned on 12 June 1942, with Lieutenant Commander Edgar J. MacGregor III (United States Naval Academy class of 1930) in command.

Atlantic war patrols
Following shakedown off the New England coast, Shad departed on a special patrol as a unit of Submarine Squadron (SubRon) 50 to a point off the coast of Mehdiya, French Morocco, to conduct reconnaissance in preparation for Operation Torch, the Allied occupation of North Africa. Upon completion, she sailed to Roseneath, Scotland, for repairs and further training.

Shad's second war patrol was conducted in the Bay of Biscay and Spanish coastal waters with other units of SubRon 50 under British command. Although most of the vessels she sighted were neutral Spanish ships, the submarine sank an enemy trawler, a barge, and severely damaged a destroyer escort before she returned to Roseneath for refit on 12 February 1943.

With refitting completed, Shad departed Scotland for her third war patrol on 7 March, again heading for the Bay of Biscay. During this mission, the submarine damaged the blockade runner Pietro Orseolo, before returning to Scotland on 12 April.

Shad's fourth patrol, conducted in Norwegian waters, and fifth war patrol, conducted en route back to the United States, were uneventful.

Sixth war patrol
Following repairs in New London, the submarine was transferred to the Pacific front. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 7 September, Shad underwent two weeks of voyage repairs and then departed on 28 September, for her sixth war patrol, and her first against the Japanese. This patrol was also the first American wolfpack, comprising Shad, USS Cero (SS-225), and USS Grayback (SS-208), commanded from Cero by Captain Charles Momsen.

Just before dawn on 22 October, Shad attacked a convoy of two cruisers and three escorts. After firing 10 torpedoes, she was forced to head for deeper water to evade the depth charging that followed. Although no positive evidence of any sinkings was found, a two-square mile 2 sqmi oil slick confirmed the damage done by the submarine. Shortly after midnight on 27 October, Shad sighted another enemy convoy and moved in for the kill. Although she did not sink any of the enemy ships, the submarine damaged three transports and a freighter before she was forced to leave the vicinity by an escorting destroyer. Shad then returned via Midway Atoll to Pearl Harbor, where she terminated her sixth patrol before sailing for the West Coast for overhaul at San Francisco.

Seventh war patrol, August – October 1944
After returning to Pearl Harbor on 11 May 1944, Shad underwent further repair work and training before departing on 12 August for her seventh war patrol, which she conducted in waters surrounding the Japanese home islands. While off Honshū on 30 August, the submarine attacked a heavily laden freighter escorted by two small patrol craft. Although evidence of one hit was noticed, exact results were unknown due to a severe counterattack that forced the submarine to leave the area, giving the freighter a chance to escape. On 16 September, Shad fired four torpedoes, damaging a large transport. Following this attack, the submarine endured two hours of steady depth charging.

On 19 September, Shad torpedoed and sank escort ship Ioshima, and as expected, was forced to endure another lengthy depth charging. On 22 September, Shad narrowly escaped destruction by maneuvering around two torpedoes, probably fired by an enemy submarine. One passed just under her bow and the other about 20 yd ahead. After a typhoon-racked passage from the patrol area, Shad terminated her seventh patrol at Midway on 1 October.

Eighth and ninth war patrols
Shad spent her eighth war patrol as a unit of a coordinated attack group with USS Redfish (SS-395) and USS Thresher (SS-200), in the area off the northeast coast of Formosa and in the East China Sea. Other than a few inconsequential contacts with small enemy vessels, the patrol was uneventful, and the submarine returned to Pearl Harbor on 5 January 1945.

Following repair work and recuperation for the crew, Shad departed Pearl Harbor on 31 January for her ninth war patrol. She refueled at Saipan on 12 February and then departed with USS Peto (SS-265) and Thresher for another wolfpack to patrol the Luzon Strait. During this patrol, the Shad attempted three attacks but all were thwarted. Twice the coming of dawn forced her to dive to evade enemy aircraft, and once patrolling escort ships forced her to leave the vicinity of an anticipated victim. On 5 March, Shad again was on the receiving end of an enemy torpedo attack, with three torpedoes passing just ahead of her bow. After this unproductive patrol, the submarine arrived at Apra Harbor, Guam, on 30 March.

Tenth war patrol, August – October 1944
On her tenth war patrol, Shad operated as part of yet another coordinated attack group with USS Balao (SS-285), USS Dragonet (SS-293), and USS Spikefish (SS-404), this time in the Yellow and East China Seas. On the night of 17 May, the submarine contacted a large freighter and two escorts. Shad fired three torpedoes and quickly got out of range. One torpedo hit forward on the freighter Chosan Maru, blowing her bow completely off, and the target settled quickly to the bottom. The escorts gave chase, but Shad escaped and resumed patrol.

On 7 June, Shad destroyed a small junk by gunfire, and later in the day, attacked and sank the 1,370-ton cargo ship, Azusa Maru. With her torpedo store depleted, the submarine returned to Midway.

Eleventh war patrol and postwar service
On 11 July, Shad departed Midway on her 11th and final war patrol, consisting of lifeguard duty off Marcus Island. On 15 August, she received word of the cessation of hostilities and returned to Midway on 22 August. Upon completion of repairs, she returned to the United States, arriving at New Orleans, Louisiana, on 20 September.

Following the war, Shad was decommissioned and placed "in service, in reserve" and assigned to the Naval Reserve Training Center at Salem Maritime National Historic Site, within the 1st Naval District, to train naval reservists. The submarine continued in that duty until she was struck from the Navy List on 1 April 1960 and sold for scrap to Luria Brothers, Inc., of Kearney, New Jersey.

Shad earned six battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Shad (SS-235)


text:
Talk:Austrian Grand Prix

Races 1965-69
I'm quite sure the sportscar races held in 1965-69 were called Austrian Grand Prix. For example see the program covers. Also the 1970 race was called the 8th Austrian Grand Prix (not the 3rd as the article currently says, but I will soon change) according to a citation in it:. 1969 was the 7th Austrian Grand Prix. I will add these to the list of winners soon. A7V2 (talk) 02:12, 31 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I should also add that these races are listed in the "Guiness Guide to International Motor Racing". A7V2 (talk) 02:13, 31 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Austrian Grand Prix


text:
Steeple, Dorset

Steeple is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the civil parish of Steeple with Tyneham, in the Purbeck district of the English county of Dorset. It is situated 8 mi west of the coastal resort town of Swanage at the foot of Ridgeway Hill. In 2013 the estimated population of the civil parish was 60. The civil parish was abolished on 1 April 2014 and merged with Tyneham to form Steeple with Tyneham.

The Gerrard  family  of Longhide were the principal  landowners here from the   fourteenth  to the sixteenth century; the  lands then passed by inheritance to the Napier family.

The ancient Norman church of Steeple, dedicated to St Michael and All Angels, lacks a steeple. It has a coat of arms engraved in stone in the porch and another painted in scarlet of the roof interior that is precisely the same as George Washington's coat of arms, showing stars and stripes.

The Washington arms is quartered with those of the squires of Steeple village, the Lawrence family, who are allied with the Washingtons by the marriage of one of its sons, Edmund Lawrence, to Agnes de Wessington in 1390.

The flag of the US capital hangs inside the church, presented on 25 July 1977 by Walter E Washington, Mayor of Washington DC from 2 January 1975 - 2 January 1979

On the highest local point of the nearby Purbeck Ridge is an 18th-century folly built by the former owner of Creech Grange and known as Grange Arch. Today it is a Grade II listed building owned by the National Trust.

title: Steeple, Dorset


text:
1925 in Ireland

Events from the year 1925 in Ireland.

Incumbents

 * Governor-General: Tim Healy
 * President of the Executive Council: W. T. Cosgrave (CnaG)
 * Vice-President of the Executive Council: Kevin O'Higgins (CnaG)
 * Minister for Finance: Ernest Blythe (CnaG)
 * Chief Justice: Hugh Kennedy
 * Dáil: 4th

Events

 * 11 February – in the Dáil a resolution is passed making it illegal for any citizen to secure a divorce with the right to remarry in the State.
 * 10 March – the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, James Craig, announces the impending dissolution of the parliament. He says the election will be fought on the Boundary Commission issue.
 * 16 March – at a meeting of the Irish Boundary Commission in County Down witnesses from Newry and Kilkeel support being included in the Irish Free State.
 * 2 April – the Dublin Metropolitan Police merges with the Civic Guard under a new Act. The new organisation will be known as the Garda Síochána.
 * 3 April – the Dáil accepts the government's motion on the Shannon Power Scheme. Siemens-Schuckert will be the contractors.
 * 26 May – the Shannon Electricity Bill is passed in Dáil Éireann. £5.2 million is needed to finance the scheme.
 * 1 July – it is announced that Alexander Hull & Co., building contractors, are to re-build the General Post Office, Dublin at a cost of £50,000.
 * 9 July – in Dublin, Oonagh Keogh becomes the first female member of a stock exchange in the world.
 * 5 August – Annie Walsh becomes the last woman to be executed in Ireland; she had murdered her husband.
 * 7 November – The Morning Post, a Conservative London newspaper, publishes a leaked report of the Irish Boundary Commission's (limited) proposals for altering the border between the Free State and Northern Ireland, which are contrary to the Free State's view; publication effectively ends the work of the commission.
 * 3 December – a settlement on the boundary question between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland is presented in London. Controversially, there is no change to the border, in exchange for the Free State's liability for service of the U.K. public debt in respect of war pensions being dropped. The agreement is approved during this month by the U.K. and Free State legislatures.
 * Tuam workhouse becomes the Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home, a Magdalene asylum.

Arts and literature

 * 6 March – establishment of An Gúm as part of the Department of Education by Ernest Blythe, Minister for Finance, to promote publications in Irish.
 * Ernest Blythe, Minister for Finance, arranges an annual government subsidy of £850 for the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, making it the first state-supported theatre in the Anglophone world.
 * George Bernard Shaw is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
 * Peadar O'Donnell's first novel, Storm, is published.
 * Liam O'Flaherty's novel The Informer, set in Dublin in the aftermath of the Civil War, is published and wins the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in fiction.

Football

 * League of Ireland
 * Winners: Shamrock Rovers
 * FAI Cup
 * Winners: Shamrock Rovers 2–1 Shelbourne

Gaelic Games

 * The All-Ireland Champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Galway (football)

Yachting

 * First Fastnet Race

Births

 * 3 January – Maureen Potter, singer, actress and comedian (died 2004).
 * 25 January – Willie John Daly, Cork hurler.
 * 1 May – Edmund Fitzgibbon, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warri in Nigeria (died 2010).
 * 17 May – Michael Herbert, Fianna Fáil TD and MEP (died 2006).
 * 27 May – Martin O'Toole, Fianna Fáil TD and senator (died 2013).
 * 2 June – Mick Ryan, Tipperary hurler (died 2007).
 * 3 June – Tom Scannell, soccer player (died 1993).
 * 16 June – Ian Anderson, President of the Legislative Council (Isle of Man) (died 2005).
 * 16 July – Joe Lynch, actor (died 2001).
 * 20 July – Martin Molony, jockey (died 2017).
 * 26 August – Thomas Finnegan, Roman Catholic Bishop of Killala, 1987–2002 (died 2011).
 * 28 August – Robin Lawler, soccer player (died 1981).
 * 1 September – Michael J. Cleary, Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Banjul, Gambia (died 2020).
 * 3 September – Maureen Haughey, née Lemass, wife of Charles Haughey (died 2017).
 * 4 September – Nick O'Donnell, Kilkenny and Wexford hurler (died 1988).
 * 15 September – Jerry Cronin, Fianna Fáil TD, Cabinet Minister and MEP (died 1990).
 * 16 September – Charles Haughey, Taoiseach and leader of Fianna Fáil (died 2006).
 * 1 October – Brendan O'Dowda, tenor singer (died 2002).
 * 18 October
 * George Colley, Fianna Fáil TD, holder of six Ministerial posts including Tánaiste (died 1983).
 * Jimmy Reardon, Olympic sprinter (died 2019).
 * 30 October – Reg Ryan, soccer player (died 1997).
 * 26 November – Ciarán Mac Mathúna, broadcaster and music collector (died 2009).
 * 22 December – Lewis Glucksman, businessman, philanthropist, patron of the Lewis Glucksman Gallery at UCC (died 2006).

Deaths

 * 17 February – George Sigerson, surgeon and writer, member of the 1922 Seanad.
 * 7 June – Matt Talbot, manual labourer and ascetic (born 1856).
 * 22 June – Matthew Gibney, priest, in 1880 in Australia, tended the seemingly seriously wounded Ned Kelly, heard his confession and gave him the last rites (born 1835).
 * 27 October – Darrell Figgis, writer, Sinn Féin activist and independent politician (born 1882).
 * 28 October – George W. Joy, painter (born 1844).
 * 4 November – Paddy Hannan, gold prospector whose discovery in 1893 near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia set off a gold rush (born 1840).
 * 6 November – Eglantyne Louisa Jebb, social reformer (born 1845).
 * c. November – Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald, literary biographer, drama critic and sculptor (born 1834).

title: 1925 in Ireland


text:
Kronen Zeitung

The Kronen Zeitung, commonly known as the Krone, is Austria's largest newspaper. It is known for being Eurosceptic.

History
The first issue of the Kronen Zeitung appeared on 2 January 1900. Gustav Davis, a former army officer, was the founder. The name referred to the monthly subscription price of one crown (it did not refer to the monarchic crown), recently made possible after the abolition of bureaucratic duties on newspapers (Zeitungsstempelgebühr) on 31 December 1899. The monthly subscription price of one crown was maintained until December 1912.

The newspaper struggled in its first three years until the 10 June 1903 regicide of King Aleksandar Obrenović in the neighbouring Kingdom of Serbia, which the paper reported on extensively and made it achieve enormous popularity. The paper also became well known for its featured novels and other innovations, such as games for readers. By 1906 the newspaper had sold 100,000 copies. Franz Lehár composed a waltz for the newspaper for their 10,000th issue. After the Anschluß of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, all media had to undergo the Gleichschaltung, which meant losing all editorial independence. The war took a further toll and on 31 August 1944 the paper had to shut down.

Rebirth of the Krone
In 1959, the journalist and previous editor-in-chief of the Kurier newspaper Hans Dichand bought the rights to the Krone name. He refounded the newspaper as the Neue Kronen Zeitung. This remains the official name, but the newspaper refers to itself as the Kronen Zeitung. First released on 11 April 1959, it soon became Austria's most influential tabloid newspaper, but also the most controversial. At the beginning of the 1960s the journalist Fritz Molden wanted to buy the paper, but, according to Dichand, the Creditanstalt bank would not give him the necessary credit.

The circumstances concerning the purchase of the Kronen by Dichand are shrouded in mystery. The highly influential Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) politician Franz Olah, then vice-president of the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB), brought Dichand into contact with the German businessman Ferdinand Karpik, who wanted to buy a share of 50%. Marketing strategist Kurt Falk became Dichand's right-hand man, and the Krone developed into one of the most widely read Austrian newspapers.

In the middle of the 1960s, the ÖGB suddenly raised ownership claims on the Krone. They claimed that the former vice-president Franz Olah misused the trade union's funds for the purchase of the newspaper, using the German investor as a stooge. The newspaper responded with a smear campaign against the SPÖ, which was considered the first successful campaign by the newspaper. A court case followed between the newspaper and the trade union federation which lasted many years. The ÖGB finally settled with an 11 million Schillings compensation deal, and Kurt Falk took over the 50% from Ferdinand Karpik.

Kurt Falk himself left the newspaper after a long fight with Dichand in the 1980s. He sold his shares to the German WAZ media group, which is said to have close connections to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1989 Hans Mahr, an advisor to Dichand since 1983, took over as manager.

Methods used by the newspaper
It became apparent soon after the re-establishment of the Krone that the newspaper used unorthodox methods against the competition.
 * Kurt Falk is considered the inventor of the so-called "Sonntagsstandln", which are plastic bags with little money boxes installed on poles on the streets and pavements, containing the Sunday edition (on Sundays, most shops are closed in Austria). This idea, which was derided by the competition in the beginning, quickly caught on and is very popular today.
 * In 1963, Kurt Falk came to a mutual agreement with the competitor at that time Kleines Volksblatt that both papers would change from a small format to broadsheet. The Kleines Volksblatt kept their end of the bargain and changed their format, but the Kronen Zeitung kept their original small format and thereby won 40,000 new readers. When the Kleines Volksblatt subsequently folded, the Krone could not resist poking fun at them for having changed their format in the first place.
 * In 1970, Falk and Dichand bought the tabloid Express, shutting it down after the acquisition.
 * After one of the most important printing houses of Austria, the Pressehaus in Vienna, was sold in 1972 to the BAWAG bank (which in turn had close connections to the social-democratic ÖGB union), the Krone threatened to build its own printing house and thus forced the BAWAG to sell the whole deal to the Krone.
 * In 1995, the Krone sued the Viennese city newspaper Falter for several million Schillings for allegedly having violated the competition laws because of a gaming action. The Falter only barely escaped financial ruin. It is suspected that the Krone tried to shut down the Falter because of its critical reporting of the Krone. In the Austrian National Council, the Green politician Karl Öllinger called the case an attack on press-freedom.
 * After broadcasting the critical documentary Kronen Zeitung - Tag für Tag ein Boulevardstück  (Kronen Zeitung - Day by day a boulevard play) by the Franco-German TV station Arte, the Krone eliminated the station from their TV page. Austrian National Television, the ORF probably decided not to show the documentary in order to avoid conflict. However, when in 2005 the private Austrian TV station ATV+ showed the documentary, no further action was taken from part of the Krone.
 * In late 2012, the newspaper was accused of manipulating imagery to create a false story on Middle Eastern politics. The newspaper took a photo of a Muslim family walking on a European street, and superimposed it on a battle-wrecked background, supposedly Syria. The paper gave no indication that the photo was altered and was an exemplar; rather, they offered it as genuine document of the situation. Reddit analyzed the photo, and determined it was not authentic. The paper gave no significant guarantees that this would not happen again.

Appearance, layout
The Krone appears daily, in colour, containing approximately 80 pages. The paper is published in tabloid format (similar to A4 paper size). The editions vary from state to state, except for the state of Vorarlberg, which does not have its own version.

Structure and owners
The editor-in-chief was Christoph Dichand, son of the founder and publisher Hans Dichand. His appointment led to a power struggle between the Dichand family and the WAZ, a German media group that holds 50% of Kronen Zeitung. The WAZ also partly owns Kurier, another daily. Hans Dichand owns the remaining 50% of the paper.

Acting editor-in-chief chosen by the WAZ is Michael Kuhn, publisher of the Mediaprint newspaper printing company.

In 2018 the real estate and retail company Signa Holding bought company shares of the newspaper.

Characteristics

 * A characteristic of the crown is its large number of commentary columns. The most important Krone columnists are and were Günther Nenning († May 14, 2006), Michael Jeannée (post from Jeannée), Norman Schenz (Adabei), Wolf Martin (rhymed in the wind; † April 12, 2012), Robert Löffler (Telemax; † December 27, 2016), Ernst Trost (what's behind it; † July 24, 2015), Claus Pándi, Richard Nimmerrichter (Staberl, until 2001), Kurt Krenn, the old bishop of St. Pölten ( † January 25, 2014) and the Archbishop of Vienna Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, who writes the "Thoughts on the Sunday Gospel" every week. The publisher Hans Dichand († June 17, 2010) himself wrote irregular comments on topics that seemed important to him personally, sometimes on the front page under the pseudonym cato.
 * A characteristic of the Krone is its relatively short article length (maximum: 1,600 characters).
 * The newspaper organises regular campaigns and, at the same time, starts or supports referendums on issues such as animal protection, protests against the Czech nuclear power station Temelín, or the purchase of fighter jets by the Austrian government. One of the most successful campaigns of the newspaper was against the construction of a hydro-electric power plant at Hainburg an der Donau in the 1980s.
 * In line with this pronounced anti-technology stance, matters of basic or applied science are ignored unless they are represented as dangerous in a vague but broad fashion (as is evident in the paper's strong bias against all forms of genetic engineering) or as having a bizarre dimension.
 * A particularly important part of the reporting in the Kronen Zeitung concerns the area of society and events. According to resort manager Norman Schenz, this is characterized as "We no longer just write about an event, we tell stories".

Nudity
The Krone features the picture of a topless or semi-naked woman "Girl des Tages" or "Girl of the day", usually on page three, five or seven.

The power of the Krone
With about three million readers out of Austria's total population of approximately nine million, the Krone has nearly two times as many readers as its strongest competitor, the Kleine Zeitung (12.4% share of all readers).

Nevertheless, certain regional differences between eastern and western Austria exist which affect the newspaper. In eastern states (such as Burgenland) it has almost a 60% share of the market, but in western states such as the Tyrol and Vorarlberg the Krone has barely penetrated the market. While in Vorarlberg the Krone is totally insignificant, in Tyrol it has been able to make some gains. Local newspapers there, such as the Tiroler Tageszeitung, now fear for their positions. In response, the Tiroler Tageszeitung created its own tabloid in 2004, called Die Neue.

Circulation
Kronen Zeitung was the seventh largest newspaper worldwide and the largest European newspaper with a circulation of 1,075,000 copies in the late 1980s. It was the best-selling Austrian newspaper in 1993 with a circulation of 1.1 million copies. In the period of 1995-96 the daily had a circulation of 1,075,000 copies. Kronen Zeitung was the sixth best selling European newspaper with a circulation of 1,084,000 copies in 1999.

In 2000 Kronen Zeitung was the seventh best-selling newspapers in Europe with a circulation of 1,052,000 copies. In 2001 it was the fifth best selling European newspaper and the most read newspaper in Austria with a circulation of 1,035,000 copies. The paper had a circulation of 1,018,000 copies in 2002, making it the best selling newspaper in the country. In 2005 its circulation was 850,000 copies. Its 2007 circulation was 961,000 copies. Next year the circulation of Kronen Zeitung was 881,000 copies, making it the best-selling paper in Austria. It had a circulation of 929,000 copies in 2010 and 818,859 copies in 2011. The 2012 circulation of the paper was 800,000 copies, reaching 40% of the Austrian readers. Its circulation was 820,000 copies in 2013.

Publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint
In the 1990s the Krone, together with the second-strongest newspaper Kurier, founded the publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint, which took over the print, marketing, and sales of the two newspapers. Many observers at that point already spoke of a monopoly. In 2000, the most successful Austrian magazine group, the NEWS media company, which owns the magazines NEWS, Profil, E-Media, Format and Trend, merged with Mediaprint. Since then the majority of printed media in Austria in effect comes from the same company.

Focused interference in Austrian politics
Kronen Zeitung was the supporter of Kurt Waldheim in the presidential election in 1986. Many Austrian intellectuals hold the Kronen Zeitung responsible for the gains of the far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ) in the 1999 elections, claiming its journalism is selective to an unacceptable degree.

However, until 2007 the effect of the Kronen Zeitung on Austrian politics, though regarded as extremely strong, had ultimately been indirect. In 2008 a new policy became apparent when the paper orchestrated a focused (and successful) campaign for the replacement of chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer as the head of the SPÖ by Werner Faymann, a decade-long close friend of Hans Dichand.

On 27 June 2008 while the change of the guard at the top of the SPÖ was still ongoing, the paper published an open letter by Faymann (co-signed by Gusenbauer) to Dichand in which the politicians announced that the party would make Austrian acceptance of EU decisions in "important matters" (such as a rephrasing of the EU Treaty or the admission of Turkey as a new member) contingent on the outcome of an Austrian popular referendum on such matters. This amounted to a U-turn in socialist policy, and constituted an adoption of a long-term central demand of the Kronen-Zeitung. In the campaign for the snap elections of 28 September 2008 which were to a large part precipitated by this action, the Kronen-Zeitung openly and massively campaigned for Faymann as the next chancellor.

However, in the campaign for the June 2009 European parliament elections the Kronen-Zeitung threw its entire weight behind Hans-Peter Martin, a populist ex-member of the SPÖ's European parliamentary faction. Although it is impossible to quantify the exact contribution of the support of Kronen Zeitung for Hans-Peter Martin's List to the 17.9% of the Austrian votes it secured in these elections, this figure is an approximate indicator for the newspaper's political muscle. According to a post-vote poll by the agency Gfk Austria, 70% of Hans-Peter Martin's List voters at that election were readers of the Kronen Zeitung, and 29% of all Kronen Zeitung readers actually voted for him.

It played a part in the Ibiza Affair, when it was reported that the Austria's former Vice Chancellor Heinz-Christian Strache has shown intention to take over the Krone and use it to spread message from FPÖ.

title: Kronen Zeitung


text:
User talk:Plbosman

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Matthew Ryan (musician)

Matthew Ryan (born November 7, 1971) is an American musician, singer and songwriter, born in Chester, Pennsylvania and inspired by such artists as U2, The Replacements, and Leonard Cohen. He logged several years in a series of bands before signing with A&M Records as a solo artist in 1996. No Depression magazine has described him as "Equal parts Springsteen, Westerberg and Ryan Adams, Ryan is a powerhouse of a storyteller for almost two decades. A forefather of the Alt-country scene, Ryan has yet to receive as much commercial success as some of his contemporaries." Ryan is known for his "hushed rasp, with words catching like vows destined to be broken – one of modern music's most potent whispers."

Ryan has released 18 solo albums to date, and two collaborations: one with Neilson Hubbard in the band Strays Don't Sleep, and the other with ambient/post-rock band Hammock. His music has been featured in One Tree Hill, Ash Wednesday, Dawson's Creek, The 24th Day, The Unit, and House. His most recent album, The Future was Beautiful, was released in November 2019.

1997 - May Day
After attending Valley Forge High School, Matthew Ryan arrived on the music scene on September 23, 1997 with May Day, produced by David Ricketts (Sheryl Crow, Meredith Brooks) and released on A&M Records. Drawing on such influences like John Cougar Mellencamp, Ryan showed a lot of potential on his debut album. Allmusic concluded, "The native of Chester, PA (near Philadelphia) was 25 at the time, but this is such a mature, emotionally honest effort that one got the impression he'd done more living than usual during his 25 years. Ryan's voice is rough and has a very lived-in quality that proves most appropriate on such tales of loss, disappointment, and hurt as "Watch Your Step," "Chrome," and "Lights of the Commodore Barry." There isn't a lot of hope or optimism here; Ryan obviously didn't hesitate to let some of his darker feelings flow when he went into the studio to record this album, which is as pessimistic as it is soulful, moving and personal." A video was made for "Guilty". The album is considered a classic of the genre.

2000 - East Autumn Grin
The followup album East Autumn Grin was released on August 15, 2000 via A&M Records. It was recorded at Kingsway Studio in New Orleans (with additional sessions in both Nashville and Oxnard, California) and was co-produced with Trina Shoemaker (known for her work with Sheryl Crow and Giant Sand). Ryan was joined by Soul Asylum's Dave Pirner, who contributed trumpet on "Ballad Of A Limping Man"; former Concrete Blonde frontwoman Johnette Napolitano, who sang on "Sunk" and "The World Is On Fire”; Slow River/Rykodisc artist Josh Rouse, who tracked backing vocals on "I Hear A Symphony”; and David Ricketts, formerly of David & David, who played keyboards, guitar and piano at Teatro in Oxnard, California, and at the Sound Emporium in Nashville. Ryan says of East Autumn Grin, "Not only did I want to create a collection of great recordings, but equally, a collection of great moments."

2001 - Concussion
After being dropped by Interscope Records, Ryan started working on demo material with David Henry. The material was stark and bare. Concussion was recorded and mixed in eight days with Richard McLaurin. It was released in 2001 on Nashville, Tennessee label WaxySilver, and features a duet with Lucinda Williams. Ryan was asked by actor/director Edward Burns to contribute a song to his film Ash Wednesday; "Be Thou My Vision" was used for the closing credits of the film. Ryan opened tours for Kasey Chambers and Lucinda Williams for much of 2001, along with his own headlining shows.

2002 was a quiet period for Ryan, who eventually released two collections of Stereo-Pak demo recordings, Dissent from the Living Room and Hopeless to Hopeful. These were made available on CDR through Ryan's website.

2003 - Regret Over the Wires
Ryan started recording again in February 2003, and Regret Over the Wires was released in late 2003 by Hybrid Recordings. In April, Concussion was released in the UK and Europe through One Little Indian Records. This included a UK tour with labelmate Jeff Klein. On September 9, 2003, One Little Indian Records also released Happiness in the UK and Europe only, a collection of songs taken from Ryan's self-distributed collections Dissent from the Living Room and Hopeless to Hopeful. He made another self-distributed release in December entitled These Are Field Recordings, a two-disc collection of live recordings and early tracks.

2006 - From a Late Night High Rise
In 2006 Ryan completed recording for another solo album called From a Late Night Highrise. It is a collection of songs inspired by the death of a friend and the sentencing of Ryan's brother to 30 years in prison. The album featured band members from Strays Don't Sleep, and was self-produced with Neilson Hubbard. It was released on December 5, 2006 through 2minutes59 and iTunes, and Ryan embarked on a US tour with Tim Easton in February 2007. From a Late Night Highrise was met with the strongest wave of critical support Ryan has received to date. It was praised as "A must-hear, have-to-own epic of an album that should be required listening for every songwriter—and music lover—in the world."

2012 - In The Dusk of Everything
In the early winter of 2011 Ryan started writing for his next album after moving from Nashville, Tennessee to a town just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (the state where he was born!). In The Dusk of Everything was recorded and mixed between April and July 2012, and released on October 30, 2012. He made the record with the help of David Ricketts, the producer of his first album, May Day.

Discography

 * May Day (1997, A&M Records)
 * East Autumn Grin (2000, A&M Records)
 * Concussion (2001, Waxy Silver Records; 2003, One Little Indian)
 * Regret Over the Wires (2003, Hybrid Recordings)
 * From a Late Night High Rise (2006, 259 Records (00:02:59))
 * Matthew Ryan vs. The Silver State (2008, 259 Records (00:02:59) & One Little Indian)
 * Dear Lover (2009, The Dear Future Collective)
 * Dear Lover (The Acoustic Version) (2010, The Dear Future Collective)
 * I Recall Standing As Though Nothing Could Fall (2011, The Dear Future Collective)
 * In The Dusk of Everything (2012, Plastic Violin)
 * Boxers (2014, Produced by Kevin Salem)
 * Hustle Up Starlings (2016, Produced by Brian Fallon from The Gaslight Anthem)
 * Starlings Unadorned (2018)
 * On Our Death Day b/w And It's Such A Drag (2019, Need To Know)
 * Current Events (2020, Hearts & Smarts)
 * Life Is Beautiful (EP, 2020, Hearts & Smarts)

title: Matthew Ryan (musician)


text:
1924 in Ireland

Events from the year 1924 in Ireland.

Incumbents

 * Governor-General: Tim Healy
 * President of the Executive Council: W. T. Cosgrave (CnaG)
 * Vice-President of the Executive Council: Kevin O'Higgins (CnaG)
 * Minister for Finance: Ernest Blythe (CnaG)
 * Chief Justice: Hugh Kennedy (from 24 June 1924)
 * Dáil: 4th

Events

 * 15 January – the last internee at Kilmainham Gaol, Ernie O'Malley, is transferred to St. Bricin's Military Hospital.
 * 7–18 March – Irish Army Mutiny over demobilisation within the National Army, led by Liam Tobin's Irish Republican Army Organisation. The outcome affirms subservience of the military to the civilian government.
 * 20 April – Sinn Féin commemorates the anniversary of the events of the 1916 Easter Rising.
 * 24 April – no agreement is reached at the Boundary Conference in London. The Irish Boundary Commission is now set up to examine the border between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland.
 * 5 May – Dublin Corporation officially renames Sackville Street to O'Connell Street.
 * 6 May – James Craig refuses to nominate a Northern Ireland representative to the Boundary Commission.
 * 30 May – a new licensing Bill is introduced by the Minister for Justice, Kevin O'Higgins. Bars are allowed open between 9am and 10pm and the sale of alcohol is limited to those over the age of 18.
 * 5 June – in an austerity budget, the Minister for Finance, the only Northern Ireland Protestant to serve on a Republic of Ireland cabinet, Ernest Blythe brings in the Old Age Pensions Act 1924, which cuts the old age pension by 10%, from 10/= to 9/= (ten shillings then being around £181 in 2014); an action still remembered with bitterness in Ireland.
 * 3 July – the Minister for Education, Eoin MacNeill, announces that the teaching of Irish is to be made compulsory in all schools.
 * 2–18 August – Tailteann Games are held in Dublin.
 * 18 August – Ireland's first rodeo opens at Croke Park.
 * 1 October – Defence Forces established, incorporating the National Army.
 * 24 October – Éamon de Valera is arrested at Newry Town Hall after defying an order preventing him from speaking in Northern Ireland.
 * 7 November – the President of the Executive Council, W. T. Cosgrave, announces an amnesty for criminal acts committed during the Civil War in connection with the attempt to overthrow the lawfully established government.
 * 19 November – Cardinal Michael Logue, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, dies, having held office since 1887, and is succeeded by Patrick O'Donnell.
 * Urney Chocolates moves to the disused WW1-era RAF airfield of Tallaght Aerodrome in the then-rural suburb of Tallaght, Dublin. The site had been handed over to the Irish Air Service in May 1922.
 * Urney Chocolates moves to the disused WW1-era RAF airfield of Tallaght Aerodrome in the then-rural suburb of Tallaght, Dublin. The site had been handed over to the Irish Air Service in May 1922.

Arts and literature

 * 3 March – Seán O'Casey's drama Juno and the Paycock opens at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.
 * May – in the Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, Jack Butler Yeats wins a silver medal for painting for Swimming (The Liffey Swim).
 * Daniel Corkery publishes the study of 18th century Irish poetry The Hidden Ireland.
 * George Moore publishes the novel Peronnik the Fool.
 * Liam O'Flaherty publishes his short story collection Spring Sowing.
 * W. B. Yeats publishes the drama The Cat and the Moon, and Certain Poems.
 * Eileen Gray begins work with Jean Badovici on their vacation home E-1027 at Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in the south of France.
 * Mainie Jellett and Evie Hone stage an exhibition of their abstract art in Dublin.

Football

 * League of Ireland
 * Winners: Bohemians
 * FAI Cup
 * Winners: Athlone Town 1–0 Fordsons (played on 17 March at Dalymount Park, Dublin)

Gaelic Games

 * The All-Ireland Champions are Dublin (hurling) and Kerry (Gaelic football)

Births

 * January – Rena Dardis, publisher.
 * 14 January – Francis Gerard Brooks, Bishop of Dromore (1976–1979; died 2010).
 * 25 January – Tomás Mac Giolla, TD and leader of the Workers' Party (died 2010).
 * 28 January – Sonny Hool, cricketer (died 1988).
 * 8 March – Sean McClory, actor (died 2003).
 * 13 March – Myrtle Allen, chef (died 2018).
 * 26 May – Sheelagh Murnaghan, only Ulster Liberal Party Member of Parliament at Stormont (died 1993).
 * 30 May – Tom Leonard, Fianna Fáil TD (died 2004).
 * 26 June – Dermot Ryan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin (died 1985).
 * 14 July – Mick Kennefick, Cork hurler (died 1982).
 * 3 August – Jim Gibbons, Fianna Fáil TD, Member of the European Parliament and Cabinet Minister (died 1997).
 * 14 August – Maeve Hillery, anaesthetist and wife of the 6th President of Ireland, Patrick Hillery.
 * 21 August – David Marcus, writer (died 2009).
 * 7 September – Donal Creed, Fine Gael TD and MEP (died 2017).
 * 5 October – Kieron Moore, actor (died 2007).
 * 29 October – Tom Clancy, singer.
 * 21 December – Christy O'Connor Snr, golfer (died 2016).
 * Approximate date – George Redmond, Assistant City and County Manager in Dublin, accused of corruption (died 2016).

Deaths

 * 29 March – Charles Villiers Stanford, composer (born 1852).
 * 18 May – James Bernard, 4th Earl of Bandon, Deputy Lieutenant in Ireland (born 1850).
 * 26 May – Victor Herbert, composer, cellist and conductor (born 1859).
 * 5 June – William Hare, 3rd Earl of Listowel, peer and Liberal politician (born 1833).
 * 6 June – William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, shipbuilder and businessman (born 1847 in Canada; died at sea).
 * 20 June – James Nowlan, President of the Gaelic Athletic Association (1901–1921) (born 1855).
 * 12 December – William Carrigan, Canon of the Diocese of Ossory and historian (born 1860).
 * Full date unknown – Anne Marjorie Robinson, miniature painter (born 1858).

title: 1924 in Ireland