text:
Government of Maryland

The government of Maryland is conducted according to the Maryland Constitution. The United States is a federation; consequently, the government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States.

Administrative influence in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Unlike most other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's counties.

Most of the business of government is done in Annapolis, the state capital. However, some cabinet level and state officials have their offices in Baltimore. Virtually all state and county elections are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four, in which the President of the United States is not elected—this, as in other states, is intended to divide state and federal politics.

Executive branch
The constitution establishes five principal executive branch officers, as described below. Four of them are elected statewide: the governor and lieutenant governor (who are elected on the same ticket), the attorney general, and the comptroller. The fifth, the treasurer, is elected by a joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly.

Governor
As in all states, a popularly elected governor heads Maryland's executive branch. The governor's cabinet is known as the Executive Council. Like most state chief executives, the Maryland governor is elected to serve a four-year term. The governor is term limited to serve no more than two consecutive terms. The governor is elected under the plurality system. The current governor is Wes Moore.

The governor has power to veto laws passed by the state's legislature and, like most of the nation's governors, also has a line item veto, which can be used to strike certain portions of appropriations bills. The state legislature can override a veto by a three-fifths (60%) vote of the total number of members in each house. This is different from most states, which usually require a higher two-thirds (66.66%) vote to override a veto.

The appointment powers of the governor are extensive. The governor appoints almost all military and civil officers of the State subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. In addition to appointing the heads of major departments, boards, and commissions of the State government, the governor appoints certain boards and commissions in each county and the City of Baltimore, as provided for by law. The governor also commissions notaries public and appoints persons to fill vacancies in the offices of Attorney General and Comptroller (both of which are normally elected by the people) and also to fill vacant seats in the General Assembly. The governor can remove any appointed officer (except interim members of the General Assembly) for cause.

The governor is commander-in-chief of the military forces of the State, the Maryland National Guard, except when such forces are called into the national service by the President of the United States, as well as the Maryland Defense Force. In times of public emergency the Governor has certain emergency powers as defined by law.

Lieutenant governor
The Maryland Lieutenant Governor is elected on the same ticket as the state's Governor and is nominally the second highest-ranking official in the state. The position was first created by the short-lived Maryland Constitution of 1864 and functioned from 1865 to 1868 before being abolished by the state's present constitution, which was ratified in 1867. The position was re-established by Constitutional amendment in 1970, under which the Lieutenant Governor "shall have only the duties delegated to him by the Governor."

The Maryland Lieutenant Governor, currently Aruna Miller, is therefore weaker than the office in most other states which have one (several states do not have one). For instance, in many states, including Texas, the Lieutenant Governor is the President of the State's Senate and in California the Lieutenant Governor assumes all of the governor's powers when the governor is out of the state. In both of those states, as in some others, the Lieutenant Governor is elected in his or her own right, independently of the state's Governor.

In practice, Maryland's Lieutenant Governor attends cabinet meetings, chairs various task forces and commissions, represents the state at ceremonial functions and at events which the Governor cannot attend, and advises the Governor. If there is a vacancy in the office of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor becomes the Governor. A vacancy in the Lieutenant Governorship is filled by a person nominated by the Governor and confirmed by a majority vote of the General Assembly voting in joint session.

Attorney General
The Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State and is elected by the people every four years with no term limits. To run for the office a person must be a citizen of and qualified voter in Maryland and must have resided and practiced law in the state for at least ten years. The current attorney general is Anthony G. Brown.

The Attorney General has general charge, supervision and direction of the legal business of the State. The attorney general is the legal advisor and representative of the Governor, the General Assembly, the Judiciary, and the major departments, various boards, commissions, officials and institutions of State Government. The office represents the State in all cases pending in the Appellate Courts of the State, and in the United States Supreme Court and lower Federal Courts. This arrangement can lead to significant conflict when the Attorney General and Governor have strongly differing views.

Comptroller
The Comptroller is the state's chief financial officer and is also elected by the people for a four-year term. The comptroller is not term-limited. The office was established by the Maryland Constitution of 1851 due to concern about the potential for fraud and corruption in the administration of the public treasury. The constitutional duties of the office begin with the broad mandate to exercise "general superintendence of the fiscal affairs of the State", which includes collecting taxes and maintaining the general ledger. The Comptroller (or a deputy) countersigns all checks drawn by the State Treasurer upon the deposits of the State. The Comptroller also prescribes the formalities for transfer of other evidence of State debt and countersigns such papers. The current comptroller is Brooke Lierman.

In addition, the comptroller's office audits taxpayers for compliance, handles delinquent tax collection, and enforces license and unclaimed property laws. The agency publicizes forgotten bank accounts, insurance benefits and other unclaimed assets of taxpayers. Acting as Maryland's chief accountant, the comptroller pays the state's bills, maintains its books, prepares financial reports, and pays state employees.

Treasurer
The Treasurer, currently Dereck E. Davis, is the principal custodian of the State's cash deposits, money from bond sales, and other securities and collateral and directs the investments of those assets. The Treasurer is elected by a joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly, a tradition begun starting with the Maryland Constitution of 1851, which also created the Board of Public Works (see below).

Because of the close relationship with the General Assembly, the Treasurer briefs the members of the Legislature on matters concerning the State Treasury. The Treasurer is also responsible for producing an annual report to provide the Governor, the General Assembly, and the public with current information about the operations of the State Treasurer's Office.

Board of Public Works
The State Board of Public Works was first created by the Maryland Constitution of 1864 and is composed of the Governor, who chairs it, the Comptroller, and the Treasurer. The three-member board is quite powerful and there is no other state that has a similar institution. The board, which generally meets twice a month, reviews and approves capital projects, procurement contracts, and the acquisition, use, and transfer of State assets, to assure that executive decisions are made responsibly and responsively.

Other

 * The Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA) oversees food safety, consumer protection, farmering, food and fiber processing, and other businesses engaged in agricultural related operations.
 * The Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) oversees public school districts.
 * The Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) is the environmental protection agency.
 * The Maryland Department of General Services (DGS) manages, operates, and maintains state property and acts as a primary procurement agency.
 * The Maryland Department of Health oversees and regulates health-related issues.
 * The Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) oversees housing policy.
 * The Maryland Department of Labor oversees unemployment insurance, occupational and professional licensing, labor regulation, workforce training, financial regulation, and the Maryland Racing Commission.
 * The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) maintains natural resources such as state parks, public lands, state forests, state waterways, wildlife and recreation areas.
 * The Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT) oversees the Maryland Transportation Authority, Maryland Transit Administration, Maryland Port Administration, State Highway Administration, Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, and Maryland Aviation Administration.
 * The Maryland State Archives serves as the central depository for government records of permanent value.

Legislative branch

The state's legislative branch is styled as the General Assembly and consists of a 47-member Senate and a 141-member House of Delegates. It meets each year for 90 days to act on more than 2300 bills including the State's annual budget. The 426th Session began January 14, 2009 and adjourned April 13, 2009. Like the governor, members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.

The current pattern for distribution of seats began with the legislative apportionment plan of 1972 and has been revised every ten years thereafter according to the results of the decennial U.S. Census. A Constitutional amendment, the plan created 47 legislative districts, many of which cross county boundaries to delineate districts relatively equal in population. Each legislative district elects one senator and three delegates. Some of the larger districts are divided into delegate subdistricts to provide local representation to areas not large enough to constitute an entire legislative district.

The Senate is led by a President and the House by a Speaker whose respective duties and prerogatives enable them to influence the legislative process significantly. The President and the Speaker appoint the members of most committees and name their chairs and vice-chairs, except in the case of the Joint Committee on Investigation whose members elect their own officers. The President and Speaker preside over the daily sessions of their respective chambers, maintaining decorum and deciding points of order. As legislation is introduced, they assign it to a standing committee for consideration and a public hearing.

Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Maryland is the highest court in the state. In addition to being the court of last resort for the state, the Supreme Court also administers and sets rules and guidelines for the state's court system. It has original jurisdiction in only a few areas and hears most cases on appeal. Prior to 2022, the Supreme Court was named the Court of Appeals, but a 2022 constitutional amendment changed the title to its current name. The court has seven judges, one from each of the state's seven appellate judicial circuits, which are presently as follows:

 * 1st Appellate Judicial Circuit: Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico & Worcester counties
 * 2nd Appellate Judicial Circuit: Baltimore County & Harford County
 * 3rd Appellate Judicial Circuit: Allegany, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett, Howard & Washington counties
 * 4th Appellate Judicial Circuit: Prince George's County
 * 5th Appellate Judicial Circuit: Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles & St. Mary's counties
 * 6th Appellate Judicial Circuit: Baltimore
 * 7th Appellate Judicial Circuit: Montgomery County

Appellate Court
To ease the caseload of the Supreme Court, the state's second-highest court, the Appellate Court was created in 1966, following a constitutional amendment. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Appellate Court has exclusive initial appellate jurisdiction over any reviewable judgment, decree, order, or other action of a circuit court or an orphans' court, except for appeals in criminal cases in which the death penalty is imposed. Generally, it hears cases appealed from the circuit courts. Prior to 2022, the Appellate Court was named the Court of Special Appeals, but a 2022 constitutional amendment changed the title to its current name.

Judges of the Appellate Court are empowered to sit in panels of three. A hearing or rehearing of a case en banc, in which all of the Court's judges sit, may be ordered in any case by a majority of the Court's incumbent judges. The court has thirteen judges, one from each of the state's seven judicial appellate circuits and six at-large judges.

Judges on both the Supreme Court and the Appellate Court are appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate and the approval of the people, for 10 years. This system is similar to the Missouri Plan, which is used in 11 states to fill judicial appointments, in that voters get to decide whether or not to continue a judge in office. However, it is different in that the Governor's choice in whom to appoint is not limited by a Judicial Selection Commission and the State Senate must confirm the nominee before the judge takes office.

Circuit Courts

Circuit Courts are the highest common law and equity courts of record exercising original jurisdiction within Maryland. Each has full common law and equity powers and jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases within its county or counties, and all the additional powers and jurisdiction conferred by the Maryland Constitution and by law, except where jurisdiction has been limited or conferred exclusively upon another tribunal by law. The Circuit Courts are trial courts of general jurisdiction. Their jurisdiction is very broad but generally covers major civil cases and more serious criminal matters. Circuit Courts also may decide appeals from the District Court and certain administrative agencies. Cases can be heard by a jury when the amount in controversy is over $15,000. Juries are limited to the Circuit Courts.

The state is divided into eight judicial circuits, which are presently as follows:

 * 1st Judicial Circuit (7 judges): Dorchester (1 judge), Somerset (1 judge), Wicomico (3 judges) & Worcester (2 judges) counties
 * 2nd Judicial Circuit (7 judges): Caroline (1 judge), Cecil (3 judges), Kent (1 judge), Queen Anne's(1 judge) & Talbot (1 judge) counties
 * 3rd Judicial Circuit (21 judges): Baltimore County (16 judges) & Harford County (5 judges)
 * 4th Judicial Circuit (7 judges): Allegany (2 judges), Garrett (1 judge) & Washington (4 judges) counties
 * 5th Judicial Circuit (18 judges): Anne Arundel (10 judges), Carroll (3 judges) & Howard (5 judges) counties
 * 6th Judicial Circuit (24 judges): Frederick (4 judges) & Montgomery (20 judges) counties
 * 7th Judicial Circuit (32 judges): Calvert (2 judges), Charles (4 judges), Prince George's (23 judges) & St Mary's (3 judges) counties
 * 8th Judicial Circuit (30 judges): Baltimore

Unlike other state courts, the Circuit Court has no chief judge. Instead, eight circuit administrative judges perform administrative duties in each of their respective circuits. Each Circuit Court judge is appointed by the Governor (without Senate confirmation) for the  temporary position until the next election. The judge's name is placed on the ballot in the first general election once they qualify and pay the standard filing fee for the vacancy the judge was appointed to fill. The judge may be opposed formally by one or more qualified members of the bar, with the successful candidate that the people have elected  to a fifteen-year term.

District Court
The Maryland District Court has jurisdiction in minor civil and criminal matters, and in virtually all violations of the Motor Vehicle Law. Created by a constitutional amendment in 1970, the court began operating in July 1971. It replaced the justices of the peace, the county trial magistrates, the People's Courts (in certain counties), and various minor courts. With statewide jurisdiction, the Court functions in every county and Baltimore.

The exclusive jurisdiction of the District Court generally includes all landlord and tenant cases; replevin actions; motor vehicle violations; and criminal cases if the penalty is less than three years imprisonment or does not exceed a fine of $2,500, or both. The District Court has concurrent jurisdiction in misdemeanors and certain enumerated felonies, but has little equity jurisdiction. Small claims (civil cases involving amounts not exceeding $5,000) also come under the jurisdiction of the District Court. In civil cases involving amounts over $5,000 (but not exceeding $25,000), the District Court has concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit courts. Since the District Court provides no juries, a person entitled to and electing a jury trial must proceed to the Circuit Court. However, appeals from the District Court can be heard de novo in the Circuit Court.

District Court judges are appointed by the Governor to ten-year terms, subject to Senate confirmation. Unlike other judges in the state, they do not stand for election. As of October 2003, some 105 judges, including the Chief Judge, who is designated by the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, serve on the Court. As the District Court's administrative head, its Chief Judge appoints administrative judges for each of the twelve districts, subject to the approval of the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court. Administered centrally, the District Court of Maryland is funded totally by the State.

The District Court of Maryland is divided into twelve geographical districts as follows:

 * District 1 (26 judges): Baltimore
 * District 2 (5 judges): Dorchester (1 judge), Somerset (1 judge), Wicomico (2 judges) & Worcester (1 judge) counties
 * District 3 (6 judges): Caroline (1 judge), Cecil (2 judges), Kent (1 judge), Queen Anne's (1 judge) & Talbot (1 judge) counties
 * District 4 (4 judges): Calvert (1 judge), Charles (2 judges) & St. Mary's (1 judge) counties
 * District 5 (13 judges): Prince George's County
 * District 6 (11 judges): Montgomery County
 * District 7 (8 judges): Anne Arundel County
 * District 8 (13 judges): Baltimore County
 * District 9 (4 judges): Harford County
 * District 10 (7 judges): Carroll (2 judges) & Howard (5 judges) counties
 * District 11 (5 judges): Frederick (3 judges) & Washington (2 judges) counties
 * District 12 (3 judges): Allegany (2 judges) & Garrett (1 judge) counties

Local government
At the local level, Maryland is notable among U.S. states for having a relatively small number of local governments. There are three forms of county government available to the state's counties. Note that the independent city of Baltimore is typically considered to be on par with the counties; it is reckoned as a county-equivalent for census purposes. Including Baltimore, there are 157 incorporated cities in Maryland.

Commissioner counties
In 1827, the General Assembly authorized elected boards of county commissioners for each county Under the state constitution, the General Assembly retains full authority to legislate for a commissioner county. County commissioners have no authority to act in local matters without the express prior consent of the General Assembly. In the areas where they do have authority to legislate, that authority is narrowly construed; it is limited to areas authorized by the General Assembly, enabling legislation, or public local laws. The Constitution adopted in 1867 kept the power to pass public local laws vested in the General Assembly, which gave a lot of control over county government to county delegations in the General Assembly. As a result of this, the General Assembly spends considerable time dealing with local issues, ordinances, and expenditures.

Currently, six counties are run by commissioners. They are: Calvert, Carroll, Garrett, St. Mary's, Somerset, and Washington Counties.

In 2010, the voters of Cecil County adopted a resolution to become a charter county and subsequently elected Tari Moore as the first county executive.

Charter counties
Due partly to the large amount of time spent by the state legislature on local matters, the Maryland Constitution was amended in 1915 to allow counties the option of operating under a charter form of government, with substantial home rule power. To adopt this form of government, the voters of the county must approve the charter which their charter board drafts.

Charter counties are governed by an elected county council with power to legislate on almost all local matters. Their authority is fairly broadly construed, though the regulation of elections and the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages is reserved to the General Assembly. The General Assembly also retains considerable authority over taxation, except in Baltimore and Montgomery counties. Some counties which operate under charters have a separately-elected county executive while others vest executive functions along with legislative functions in the county council.

Currently, eleven counties, including the most populous ones, operate under the charter form of government. They are: Anne Arundel (1964), Baltimore (1956), Cecil (2012), Dorchester (2002), Frederick (2014), Harford (1972), Howard (1968), Montgomery (1948), Prince George's (1970), Talbot (1973), and Wicomico (1964) Counties. Baltimore also operates under a charter.

Code Home Rule counties
Due to the reluctance of many counties to adopt a charter form of government, despite wanting a measure of home rule, the Maryland Constitution was again amended in 1966 to create a third class of county government, the "code home rule" status. If two thirds of a county's commissioners adopt a resolution that the county become a code county and a majority of the voters approve of the resolution, the county becomes a code county. In a code county, the county commissioners have home-rule powers, and may enact legislation in the areas of the "express powers" of the charter counties. In addition, the commissioners retain all the powers of commissioners in commissioner counties. However, code counties have stricter limits on indebtedness than charter counties. The General Assembly can only legislate for the code counties as a class.

"'Express Powers' include franchises, appointment and compensation of county officers, merit system, pensions, group health benefits and joint pooling agreements, tax collections, campground and RVs, publishing and audits, claim proof, competitive bidding and bonds, records, health measures, road maintenance and engineering, prisoner compensation, county police, hearings, plumbing and zoning permits, residential land development, building code, licensing, parks and recreation, refuse collection and disposal. (with various exceptions)"

Currently, six counties operate as code counties: Allegany, Caroline, Charles, Kent, Queen Anne's, and Worcester Counties.

Maryland and the national government

Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, on April 28, 1788. Maryland elects two United States Senators and eight members of the United States House of Representatives. The state is served by the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland (with two divisions, sitting in Baltimore and Greenbelt) and federal appeals from the state go to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, Virginia.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Government of Maryland


text:
Radio Newyork International

Radio Newyork International was the name of a pirate radio station which broadcast from a ship anchored in international waters off Long Beach, New York, United States in 1987 and 1988. The history of Radio Newyork International (RNI) is linked with the Falling Star Network and other New York City area pirate radio stations. The owner of RNI, Allan Weiner, is currently the licensee of WBCQ shortwave in Monticello, Maine.

John Ford and Allan Weiner
Allan Weiner of Monticello, Maine, United States, who had been a resident of Yonkers, New York, was a radio engineer who had operated both a licensed radio station and unlicensed transmitters. Eventually his radio license was revoked due to his unlicensed activities. Weiner was also familiar with the new Radio Caroline ship operation and he paid a visit to the ship in an attempt to install a shortwave service. During this visit he met John Hungerford, a US citizen who was a disc jockey on board the vessel under the name of John Ford. As a result of this meeting, Weiner, Ford and other associates decided to replicate Radio Caroline as Radio Newyork International from a ship to be anchored in international waters off Long Beach, Long Island, New York.

Lichfield I
In 1987 Weiner and his associates came into possession of a vessel still legally registered as Lichfield I and owned by the Lichfield Shipping and Trading Company of Panama. This Japanese-built oceangoing fishing ship had originally suffered engine failure off the US coast, and it had been seized by US Customs when illegal drugs were found on board. Over a United States holiday period this vessel was sold to Frank Ganter (an associate of Weiner) for $100 using the amended name of Litchfield I, even though the vessel was still registered in Panama to its original owners under its correct name. Through this strange paper trail the vessel eventually came into the physical possession of Weiner, who renamed it yet again as Sarah after his ex-wife. Weiner then asked Hungerford to register this vessel under the name of Sarah with Honduran Consulate officials in New York. This registration was later considered to be fraudulent, and the Honduran officials deleted their registration.

It was during the brief period when the fraudulent Honduran entry had been created that this Panamanian ship, which lacked a working engine, was transformed into the home of Radio Newyork International by Weiner and Hungerford. While the station was actually called Radio New York International, the name contraction gave Weiner the opportunity to use of the old Radio Northsea International jingles and thus call their station RNI. The ship station had several transmitters and a studio on board, and it was towed to its location off Long Island by Frank Ganter using his tugboat the M/V Munzer. It was Ganter who had obtained the vessel from the U.S. Government officials and then sold it to Weiner for $30,000.

When broadcasting began the RNI signals were picked up over half of the United States; the first song they aired, fittingly, was "Come on Down to My Boat" by the 1960s band Every Mother's Son. Unfortunately, federal authorities did just that a few days later: they raided the Sarah and arrested Weiner, crew member Ivan Rothstein of Brooklyn, NY, and a reporter from The Village Voice. The trio were brought back to shore, and the station's broadcasting equipment was rendered unusable. Soon after, the Honduran Consulate nullified the ship registration when it was brought to their attention that the ship was not functioning as a commercial fishing vessel as its registrants had indicated.

Sealand
A federal court case began with a promise by Weiner that he would not broadcast again until the case against him had been heard in court. Weiner then traveled to England to visit a pirate radio convention in Blackpool, England and he was introduced to Michael Bates whose father (Roy Bates) had fought with personnel from Radio Caroline in the 1960s to take physical control of a sea fort which had been the World War II HM Fort Roughs. As a squatter on this disused installation Bates eventually declared it to be a sovereign country in its own right, Sealand. Weiner concluded an agreement with Michael Bates by selling the ship that he called Sarah (the real Lichfield I) to a British company organized by Bates at the address of his London accountant. In return Weiner claimed that Bates had reregistered the Sarah in the principality of Sealand.

Second US action
In 1988 the Sarah was towed from Boston back to its original anchorage off Long Island and began broadcasting once more. Weiner did not stay aboard this time due to court restrictions. Capt. Josh Hayl and another crew member, Reggie Boles manned the vessel. It was again stopped within days under threat of a new boarding by US authorities. The Sarah remained at its mooring for another twelve weeks, Capt. Josh Hayl waiting for orders to resume broadcasting from Weiner, however shore side legal proceedings could not prevent intervention from the United States Coast Guard.

Court cases
Beginning in late 1988, Weiner attempted to get a shortwave broadcasting license for a station which eventually became WBCQ at Monticello, Maine. At about the same time Weiner also entered into a contract to sell the entire radio ship to other buyers. In 1990 Weiner attended FCC Administrative Court hearings concerning both his application for a license and his previous land based and offshore illegal activities.

In preparation for these extensive court hearings the United States asked the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), about the bogus registration of the Sarah with the entity that Roy Bates had called Sealand. At about the same time Weiner's federal court case for illegal broadcasting was also underway. As a part of his defense in that case his attorney cited Radio Caroline as an example of why offshore radio broadcasting was a legal enterprise. At the time of that hearing the new Radio Caroline ship was the host to three broadcasting services: one in the English language, another in the Dutch language and a third on a shortwave service started some time after Weiner's visit to the ship.

The shortwave service called World Mission Radio (WMR), advertised on air that its mailing address was in California, United States. On August 19, 1989, the Netherlands and British Radio Regulatory Authorities carried out a joint raid upon the Radio Caroline ship and destroyed or confiscated much of the broadcasting equipment. The authorities claimed that the unlicensed WMR shortwave service on 6215 kHz was causing interference to maritime communications.

During the 1990 Administrative Court hearings, all of these same matters were discussed once more and on the record. James Murphy, an investigator for the Office of Official Solicitor acting on behalf of the DTI who was involved in the raid on Radio Caroline to silence WMR, was also asked to provide a statement for the court about Sealand. Murphy performed a sworn document made under the laws of both the UK and the USA. In this document he stated that he was an Investigator for the office of the Official Solicitor acting on behalf of the Secretary of State for the DTI. He stated that he had personally carried out an investigation into the alleged Principality of Sealand and he further reported that it was neither a state nor an entity capable of registering ships. The court accepted this finding. At the conclusion of the hearing the Court denied Weiner his license but suggested that if he stayed out of trouble that he could reapply. Weiner appealed this decision and a year later the decision was upheld against him once again.

HavenCo and Ryan Lackey
Roy Bates never attempted to challenge the UK government over its findings for the United States court case and neither did he attempt to intervene in that case or file a brief of his own. Because the case was not known to the general public it was not known to US citizen Ryan Lackey when Roy Bates entered into a contract with him to establish the HavenCo internet project on Rough Tower which Bates called Sealand. However, it was because this case eventually came to his attention following his own discovery of the controversial claims made by Bates about the state that he claimed to have established, which then caused Ryan Lackey to leave the project.

Baskir and government raid
While his US court cases were ongoing, Weiner proceeded to try to sell the bogus Sarah to a consortium led by Genie Baskir of Virginia. The reason for the sale and attempted purchase was that Weiner had assured the US courts that he would not attempt to use the ship for offshore broadcasting, while Baskir had plans of her own. The first of these was to use the vessel as the home of Radio Tiananmen to be operated by Chinese students in the United States, and then as the base of ship board studios linked to WWCR in Tennessee for a British company registered in England by Paul Byford as World Wide Community Radio (London), Ltd., and Radlon (Sales), Ltd.

Although Baskir paid Weiner several thousand dollars for the ship and she paid additional funds to the private harbor in Boston where the vessel was berthed, Weiner could not produce a valid paper trail to show that he was the lawful owner of a ship called Sarah. Baskir and her associates then became engaged in a costly process of discovery involving authorities in the UK, USA and Panama, in an attempt to discover who legally owned the vessel. Although Panama eventually confirmed that the vessel was still legally registered by that government as Lichfield I for the ship's true original owners and Lloyd's Registry of Shipping confirmed this information, further legal questions were generated about how the ship had passed from the hands of the US government into the physical possession of Ganter who had then sold the ship to Weiner.

It was during this period of expensive investigation that Weiner entered into a sidebar arrangement with a subsidiary company of MGM, who then blew it up as part of the final scenes in their film Blown Away. Before this event had taken place, Weiner transferred the radio broadcasting equipment, including the radio tower to yet another ship which he called Fury. Weiner and another associate intended to use this new vessel to broadcast once more under the call sign of RNI. When details of the MGM transaction and the Fury transfer became known to Baskir, she promptly assisted the Federal Communications Commission attorney's to cause the arrest of the Fury, which FCC officials claimed had made a test transmission while still in US waters. The raid instigated by Baskir terminated in the arrest of the Fury and all of its transmission equipment. The case history of this matter drew to a close with Baskir having lost her funds and the FCC taking possession of all of the broadcasting equipment and destroying it. As a form of trade-off, the FCC attorney then transferred to Baskir the entire US government case file about the long history of Weiner's interaction with the FCC, which included the story of the Sarah and Sealand. Meanwhile, the legal entanglements caused by Weiner and Bates over the bogus Sealand registry created a further financial drain on Baskir's UK partner Paul Byford and to date the civil legal issues surrounding the Baskir-Byford loss have never been settled.

Further attempts
Although Weiner made further attempts to use ships to restart Radio Newyork International, these plans did not succeed. For a time he contracted with licensed US shortwave station WWCR in Tennessee to carry Radio Newyork International as a paid program. In 1990 and 1991, there were also RNI programs carried on WRNO and Radio for Peace International.

WBCQ
Eventually Allan Weiner did secure a shortwave broadcasting license of his own and today Radio Newyork International is one of many programs heard on Sunday evenings over WBCQ located in Monticello, Maine, USA.

title: Radio Newyork International


text:
Talk:Andrea Yates

Ruling overturned
This article says the ruling was overturned? Was she released?--Anon.
 * No - she will get a new trial before a different jury. She can re-assert the insanity defense. Since the jury at the first trial voted against the death penalty the prosecution cannot go for it at the new trial. Ellsworth 01:14, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Pedantic--The original diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder in the DSM IV psychology manual is simply the name of the disorder (ex., major depression). The second and following diagnoses add the term "recurring" (ex. major depression, recurring). I think perhaps my clumsy use of punctuation created some confusion to the intention, as I agree with you that the sentence seems confusing. Do you think a comma after "recurring" might make the sentence more clear? 23 Oct 2004

"She was suffering from a severe case of psychotic depression, recurring after having had her last baby." This is unclear. Is a case the same as an incident/episode? If so, perhaps the sentence should read, "She had suffered from psychotic depression, and was experiencing a recurrence after having had her last baby" ThePedanticPrick 22:55, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Who said the Father created an environment which contributed to these events?

 * The article suggests two sources: Andrea's psychiatrist, Dr. Eileen Starbranch, testified that she urged the couple not to get pregnant again to avert certain future psychotic depression, but the procreative plan taught by the Yates' preacher, Michael Peter Woroniecki, a doctrine to which Rusty Yates subscribed, insisted she should continue to have "as many children as nature allows". I'm guessing it's in the trial docs. Source? Jake b 07:10, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Postpartum Psychosis
I came to find out while researching Yates as a case study for the disorder that the psychiatric witnesses (both for the defense and prosecution) asserted diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, not a postpartum disorder, this was a diagnosis made during one of her prior hospitalizations. I don't have my source handy, but the main page should reflect that this wasn't the basis of her insanity plea. Certainly the case is important to the discussion of postpartum psychosis, but it isn't considered to be anything close to definitive. Jgrant 22:52, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

If you research a little further, you will find in her medical history that postpartum illness helped precipitated her schizophrenia/schizo-affective disorder, as well as some of the other stress factors in her life, such as her father dying at the onset of another postpartum set in. These episodes were triggered by her pregnancies with greater intensity after each birth. It wasn't a severe problem in the begining, and faded away with a little will power on her behalf (She "blew them off.") But during the latter births the swings were much more severe, until finally Andrea is having to compensate for her mental imbalances on a persistent basis--5 years after having her last child. This is why the doctors say her postpartum illness "precipitated" her schizophrenia. So to say Andrea didn't have postpartum illness because she has schizophrenia is misleading. (Vandalism removed from my entry) Thomas Anderson 19:03, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, well, I am sure you will be all in favour of executing mentally handicapped children as well, right? Brilliant. If you have a heart attack while driving and crash into another vehicle, killing the occupants, but you survive, you should then be charged with driving while impaired? I mean, you killed them and were driving when you should not have been, correct? Illness is illness, mental or physical. She was NOT in control of her actions. If you think that she won't suffer for the rest of her life because of what she did, well, straight up, you're a complete moron. But there is a reason why it is called "Not Guilty By Reason Of Insanity" - she's not guilty, and the only reason she was convicted in the first place was because an "expert" lied. --CokeBear 18:05, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

I don't know who added the unkind remark after my comment, it certainly wasn't me. You were reacting to vandalism. I'm happy with the insanity verdict and the fact Andrea is now getting better treatment than she was in jail. Thomas Anderson 19:03, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Innocent
Jury just found her innocent. Saw it on a live feed from ABC News.Casual Karma 17:10, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

It is also on the ABC News Site, if you want proof or something. Casual Karma 17:12, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Not innocent - they found her not guilty by reason of insanity, meaning she was not in control of her actions and could not tell right from wrong at the time. She still did it, but the circumstances meant that doing it was not something that she was criminally responsible for.--CokeBear 18:07, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

I am pretty sure the judge worded it: "Not guilty, by reason of mental insanity" Casual Karma 02:52, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

but that doesn't mean she's innocent. she did the crime, but she's not found guilty by way of insanity. 71.235.167.82 05:08, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Interlanguage links
I could not locate where the interwikis on the page are, but they are not related to the Andrea Yates case at all. They should be removed. GilliamJF 22:49, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Long view?
Can we get a slightly longer view on this person? Obviously, their life is ruined, but I think that a little more factual background would help. Then a strict chronology of the crime. The all the legal proceedings. Also: I think we can keep the "why?" to just a few sentences — nobody is making any credible arguments against the main impression as to "why" this happened so let us keep that brief: primariliy insanity, just like the jury said, and the Woroniecki can be mentioned as contributing (but note hat Woroniecki is not charged with anything, so keep it very brief). And the long, speculative psychological analysis is not helpful. Just the facts, please. -- 75.26.6.152 01:28, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Cleaned up
There: the article is now kinda boring and depressing, but at least it sticks to the facts. -- 75.26.6.170 00:56, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Categories, American Murderers
Please keep in mind that not only is Andrea not a "serial killer," but she is also not a "murderer." She was not convicted of murder. She was ruled insane by a Texas Court, and the killings were psychiatrically described as "altruistic filicides."

A person who is found to have accidentally killed someone in an auto accident is guilty of manslaughter, not murder. A doctor who accidentally kills a patient due to his negligence is not guilty of murder, but malpractice and perhaps criminal negligence. A woman who kills her children while in the throes of a psychotic episode and is found insane is not guilty of ANYTHING--that includes murder.

So please do not categorize Andrea Yates as a murderer when she has not been convicted of the crime. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.84.69.183 (talk) 13:39, 19 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Well, technically she has been convicted of murder (a judgment that stood for nearly three years). Regardless, I have to say that the vast majority of human beings would disagree with your assertion that A woman who kills her children while in the throes of a psychotic episode and is found insane is not guilty of ANYTHING.  I think most reasonable people would agree that there is quite a difference between 'legally responsible' and 'guilty'.  Certainly she is guilty of killing her children, which makes her a 'killer' at the very least.  I'd certainly imagine that there are very few people out there who don't consider her a murderer, regardless of what twelve Texans (ok, make that twelve more Texans) decided she should be held 'legally responsible' for.  What makes 'murder' different from 'manslaughter' or 'criminally negligent homicide' is intent.  Whether she was in "the throes of a psychotic episode" or not, Andrea Yates' actions were the sole and direct cause of her children's deaths, and those actions were inarguably intentional.  -Grammaticus Repairo 07:51, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That is your point of view. If she was found to be legally not guilty, then she was found not guilty.  (The prior guilty verdict is a nullity, having been reversed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which hardly reverses on "technicalities" and in this case, it's not a technicality; it's fairly severe prosecutorial misconduct.)  --Nlu (talk) 11:51, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, my post does represent my point of view. However, I was responding to another user's 'point of view' assertion that "A woman who kills her children while in the throes of a psychotic episode and is found insane is not guilty of ANYTHING".

 * That's not a point of view. It's a legal, documented fact. Wake up, guy.72.84.76.249 09:13, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * This statement comes across something like "the woman might as well be a saint since she was found not to be responsible for her actions."

 * No one in the post said she became a saint as a result of her verdict, but you wanting her in a list of murderers when she is not guilty of such is demonizing the unfortunate, sick woman.72.84.76.249 09:13, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Also please note that although I did not use the term "technicality" in reference to the overturning of her conviction as you implied, I hardly think that "severe prosecutorial misconduct" is a fair assessment of the situation, but that is also my opinion and is really neither here nor there.

 * My point was that keeping her out of the wikipedia "Murderers" category (particularly the "Murderers of Children" category) just because it was decided that she was not legally culpable for the killings (in a second trial after having already been convicted once) does not seem reasonable to me. She was hardly 'cleared' of wrongdoing, regardless of the end result of her legal battles.

 * She certainly was cleared of murder, without anyone denying that she killed her kids, and finding resolution in a "second" trial because the first was defective by rule of higher Texas Courts does not diminish that fact. She is now in category Parents that have killed their children which is suitably more appropriate. Anyone who still can't see the difference between the words murderer and killer has either not received enough verbal training to discern the difference or desires to vandalize Wikipedia with assertions that imply she is still guilty of murder when she is not.71.251.184.149 02:38, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I feel that keeping her off such lists is not in the best interests of the wiki community in general. In fact, I would expect that most users would be surprised not to find her on a list of child murderers.  If someone wants the specifics about a person appearing on the list, including details surrounding their legal situations, they will click on the link to read more.  According to the title paragraph of "Category: American murderers", the list already includes people "generally believed by...law enforcement authorities to have been guilty of murder" AS WELL AS some "convicted, but generally believed not guilty, or improperly convicted".  With this in mind, it hardly seems unreasonable to me that Yates be included on the list.  Unless, of course, wiki has a "Category: Legally insane American killers".  But again, that's just my opinion.

 * Incidentally, thanks for restoring my original post, even if you disagree. Cheers! -Grammaticus Repairo 07:06, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Question
I have a question i am taking ap psych course in high school we are on chapter of psychotic illness. I wanted to know if she has depression and that's her illness but then she knew what she did and to be considered legaly insane you have to while commiting a crime have no knowledge about your actions but dpressed people do. i have to write a paper about her for my psych class and i don't know but to me it seems like her defense is just like the "Twinke defense" used. really appreciate input --Missionimpossible 03:50, 21 April 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Missionimpossible (talk • contribs) 03:30, 21 April 2007 (UTC).

Dr. Michael Welner
Can someone with editing skill please assess the placement, purpose and POV of the Welner material and sources? It seems like someone who believes Andrea is still guilty inserted it, someone very pro-Welner, (egad, could it be one of his staff?). Even a source from the Park Dietz website was eliminated, making the motives of this edit even more suspect. Some of the text doesn't appear to fit in the places it was inserted and makes the article appear awkward. Maybe it can be moved elsewhere. Thomas Anderson 02:06, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Yates suffers from schizoaffective disorder--the extreme manic/psychotic end of the bipolar spectrum. I read somewhere a few years ago that they finally got it right and got her on the correct meds. I know hindsight is 20/20, but honestly, this is practically a textbook case from the start.

Category needed
Would someone who knows how to do this, create a category called "Filicidal Parents" or something to that effect and place it in the category section of this article? There are many psychotic women who have killed their children who have not been convicted of murder and are being treated for mental illness. It is grossly POV and factually wrong to classify Andrea Yates as a "child murderer," when she was not convicted of the crime. She certainly killed her children, but that would classify her as a "child killer," which is technically called filicide and is the legally suitable term to describe her actions. 72.84.69.183 18:28, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * A user has fixed this. Thank you.71.251.184.149 20:34, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Responsibility section
This section documents the many faceted face of blame in the tragedy with excellent secondary sources. If NPOV is an issue, then either discuss how it can be improved, or improve the way the content is documented so that its presentation is more encyclopedic. Wholesale deletion of a significant measure of content without discussion or specific, valid cause is vandalism.72.64.53.169 08:04, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

I disagree, it's stupid. No one has been found criminally or civilly liable. A discussion of moral responsibility is not in the purview of an encyclopedia.

Even if we must have such a list, why is Andrea Yates named last? If it were in alphabetical order Russell Yates should be last on the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.212.0.190 (talk) 18:16, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The referenced documentation suggests blame in this tragedy was a major component of the news reports surrounding the story. It is therefore very relevant and encyclopedic to include this facet of the story without bias. The entry order is irrelavent.72.64.34.105 (talk) 11:13, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Account of Medical Events Leading Up To Crime
I'm not qualified to do so, but believe the section addressing Ms. Yate's medical treatment prior to her final release from inpatient care requires serious editing. The statements regarding the increases and decreases in her prescribed medications are not cited, nor is there any indication that Dr. Saeed's decisions were never implicated in Yates' final decline. Additionally, the article seems from POV to give credence to independent pharmaceutical research done by Rusty Yates. Yates is neither a physchiatrist nor a pharmacologist, and to imply that his work is equal or superior in weight to that of a medical doctor is dangerous. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.44.36.212 (talk) 16:08, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Regarding latest status
I tried looking at all the other available links to find out about -- what exactly her 'treatment' at this facility is. Does anyone know what is going on with her recently? This crime has had many different explanations so it is hard to really stay with my original opinion. Thank you very much for your help! Kelly —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.175.218.144 (talk) 19:06, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Drug component of filicides reinserted
Even though I disagree with the allegations that Andrea's medications were responsible for her suicidal and homicidal ideations (although being removed from the medication haldol most likely was why her psychosis reemerged), these were allegations of the case documented by reliable media, as a result of Rusty Yates' campaign to blame the tragedy on something other than his (my opinion) "blind baby factory agenda." All views documented in the major media, including his, have a place in the debate* on who is responsible for why his children are dead, even if they are easily refuted.

 * Note*: While Wiki articles are not places for debate, in this particular story, there was a debate documented in the major media over who shared responsibility for the Yates killings : the minister, insurance protocols, hospitals, doctors, Russell etc.

My observation is that Andrea was not on Effexor when she had her first postpartum delusion in 1994 (5 years before going on Effexor and 7 years before the killings) of getting a knife and seeing Noah, her first born, being bloodily stabbed to death. She wasn't on it when she overdosed on her father's Trazadone in July, 1999, either. Therefore, the whole idea that a drug and not mental illness was responsible for Andrea's actions to me is ridiculous. I agree with Parnham that Andrea's actions were driven by delusions resulting from an extensive period of mental illness, and not the result of a severe adverse medical event. The citation from the July 2006 article in the Houston Chronicle I added to the AY BLP recently shows that Andrea continued be administered Effexor for years after her incarceration without adverse effects.

I don't have any malice towards -Legitimus for deleting the poorly sourced drug material in this BLP, as these are the wiki rules. The reason for the citation failures is Rusty had removed his website yatescase.org, and I had mistakenly cited the wrong article while simultaneously sourcing several facts some time ago, so I apologize for the mistake and the consequential confusion. Those citations have now been repaired and the drug component information has been reeinserted. 72.64.46.160 (talk) 22:28, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Homeschooling-related murders
Shouldn't there be a Category on here for Homeschooling-related Murders? I mean, there have been enough of them to warrant it.. --Ragemanchoo (talk) 05:32, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Brother
Doesn't Andrea also have a brother named Andrew? I could have sworn I saw it in a news article... ★ Dasani ★ 03:51, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, she has a brother named Andrew. You can search this article: http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0501/16/lkl.01.html Andrea's father name is Andrew according to the Andrea Yates Bio in Wikipedia.71.251.177.120 (talk) 10:25, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * So her brother and father have the same name? Sorry, the source is kinda confusing. ★ Dasani ★ 08:32, 8 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Here is a quote from the linked article: "B. KENNEDY: I usually take mom about every two weeks. I sometimes alternate with my other brother, Andrew." The wiki bio names Andre's father Andrew, so yes, they both have the same name "Andrew."72.64.37.58 (talk) 19:30, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

How to fix a heading
The heading that uses the word responsibility really makes this article seem like a debate over who is responsible, and not a report on that debate. I'm trying to figure out how to fix this, any suggestions? I'm thinking retitle it to something like 'the debate over responsiblity', and include a short intro para indicating that the following are various allegations that were made over who exactly is responsible for this tragedy. Thoughts, anyone? Eaglizard (talk) 19:27, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Source
Here is a Chronicle article about relations between Rusty Yates and Andrea's family: "As Yates ordered to prison, her family takes aim at husband." Houston Chronicle. March 18, 2002. WhisperToMe (talk) 22:58, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Note on Recent Edits
I have edited any paragraphs in this article that refer to Michael Woroniecki to reflect the recently updated article on Woroniecki. Please see the Discussion Page related to that article for further information. JoshuaWoroniecki (talk) 17:12, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Joshua Woroniecki is the son of Michael Peter Woroniecki. His rewrite edits to Andrea Yates regarding the influence of the preacher is clearly biased. The article in Andrea Yates referring to his father was carefully sourced with reliable materials. If you go to the Michael Peter and Rachel Woroniecki article at apologeticsindex.org you will discover that Joshua has been waging a major battle on the internet trying to silence dissent at various cult sites and trying to remove legitimate news articles and videos about his father while simultaneously posting their own propaganda at YouTube and their own personal site and blog. Because this motive is clear, it should also be clear what his motive is at Wikipedia. Please, if there is an administrator who could intervene, perhaps the two articles can be repaired to reflect the documented story the media put forth about his father in total, not just the materials where his father speaks out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.253.57.157 (talk) 08:18, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

Encyclopedic content must be verifiable?
How is this statement verifiable?

"Her condition may have been brought on by the extremist sermons of Michael Peter Woroniecki, the preacher who sold them their bus."

That may be a true statement, but so is this: "Her condition may have been brought on by the full moon." And this: "Her condition may have been brought on by evil spirits".

An acceptable statement might be "Individual X thought that her condition had been brought on by the extremist sermons ..." with a reference to an article quoting individual X saying this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.219.49.14 (talk) 16:33, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

How about the fact that when asked why Andrea killed her children, Andrea quoted what Michael Woroniecki preached to her? The Michael Worniecki tract, "A Modern Jezebel", clearly states that [sic] "it is better that children of such a one die before reaching the age of accountability." Citation: http://womensspace.wordpress.com/2007/01/15/the-quiverfull-movement-hate-speech-and-discrimination-against-women-as-women/

This article even contains a scan of the original tract.

Perhaps the word "condition" implies "mental well-being" in that sentence a little too much for you.

How about we change that sentence to:

"Her religious justification for killing her children came directly from the teachings of Michael Peter Woroniecki."

I'm confident even Michael would agree, as he states as much in his tracts. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.252.232.125 (talk) 14:38, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

not "succumbed"
I found:

>In July 1999, she succumbed to a nervous breakdown

Could someone come up with a replacement for "succumbed"? "succumbed" could be interpreted as "died". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.45 (talk) 19:24, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Why 'allegedly' ?
The children died, the woman admitted to having done it, and she's never denied it since. Regardless of her mental state, it's pretty much accepted even by law that she drowned her children. So can 'allegedly' go away?

Steve Rapaport (talk) 20:12, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

Quiverfull
I am removing the references to "Quiverfull" here. For a full explanation see Talk:Quiverfull. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 18:17, 29 May 2015 (UTC).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Andrea Yates. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101023060706/http://library.thinkquest.org:80/04oct/00803/Yates_Frameset.htm to http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00803/Yates_Frameset.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070902232526/http://www.chron.com:80/disp/story.mpl/special/drownings/1268306.html to http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/drownings/1268306.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:34, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 one external links on Andrea Yates. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080207145347/http://www.medsafe.govt.nz:80/Profs/Datasheet/s/Serenacetaboralsolninj.htm to http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/s/Serenacetaboralsolninj.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080529181600/http://gargoyle.arcadia.edu/psychology/blustein/neuro/Lecture_Notes/Psychopharmacology_II_Lecture_Notes.pdf to http://gargoyle.arcadia.edu/psychology/blustein/neuro/Lecture_Notes/Psychopharmacology_II_Lecture_Notes.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080511124450/http://www.transcripts.tv:80/primetime-live.cfm to http://www.transcripts.tv/primetime-live.cfm
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/67zO5Xee2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.duke.edu%2Fjournals%2Fdjglp%2Fdownloads%2Fgen10p61.pdf to http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/djglp/downloads/gen10p61.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070518100820/http://www.crimelibrary.com:80/notorious_murders/women/andrea_yates/ to http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/women/andrea_yates/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070630105513/http://www.forensicpanel.com/yates.ppt to http://www.forensicpanel.com/yates.ppt

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:41, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

Re: "Medical community" sub-heading
This section has a quotation that is unattributed and appears to be a mashup of at least two different quotes.

The quotation in question begins: "The real question to me is: How could she have been so ill and the medical community not diagnose her, not treat her, and obviously not protect our family from her..."

In the article, Rusty is quoted as saying, "The real question to me is: How could she have been so ill and the medical community not diagnose her, not treat her, and obviously not protect our family from her."

However, the quotation as presented here then proceeds to talk about Rusty in the third-person, indicating that there is at least one other source for it. (Subject Matter Expert Supreme (talk) 18:06, 7 May 2018 (UTC))

 * The first part of the quote "The real question…" is present in the source and attributed to Rusty Yates. The "Rusty testifies…" portion is what I didn't readily see in the cited Time article. —C.Fred (talk) 18:06, 7 May 2018 (UTC)

How old?
Something is wrong with age calculation. I see, at this writing, "July 2, 1964 (age 55)"; she should have turned 56 by now. Carlm0404 (talk) 16:48, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

I found I could add "|df=yes" to get age 56, but is there some reason it is not there? Carlm0404 (talk) 17:05, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Current status
Anyone has any update on the current status? We now have 2021; the article seems to have had most activity up to 2006 and from then declined sort of. Is she still in a mental health institution? 2A02:8388:1602:6D80:C080:419D:679D:C9F8 (talk) 04:26, 22 April 2021 (UTC)

Is this worthy?
https://people.com/crime/andrea-yates-who-drowned-kids-in-bathtub-in-2001-annually-declines-release-from-mental-hospital/ this recent article by People. MichaelFansz (talk) 16:09, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andrea Yates


text:
Sex (disambiguation)

Sex is the biological distinction of an organism between male and female.

Sex or SEX may also refer to:

Biology and behaviour

 * Animal sexual behaviour
 * Copulation (zoology)
 * Group sex
 * Human female sexuality
 * Human male sexuality
 * Human sexual activity
 * Non-penetrative sex, or sexual outercourse
 * Sex drive, a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity
 * Sexual intercourse, also called copulation or coitus
 * Transgender sexuality
 * Gender, the distinction between male and female or masculinity and femininity within an individual's gender identity
 * Sex–gender distinction
 * Human sexuality
 * Mating types, a distinction of gametes, whether in anisogamous or isogamous species
 * Sexing, the act of discerning the sex of an animal
 * Sexual reproduction, a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, associated with the generation of new individuals, by means of meiosis and fertilization
 * Genetic recombination, the process of mixing genetic traits solely, occurring both in organisms with sexual or asexual reproduction

Film and television

 * Sex (1920 film), a film by Fred Niblo
 * Sex (2024 film), a Norwegian film by Dag Johan Haugerud
 * "Sex" (Brass Eye), a 1997 television episode
 * "Sex" (Kath & Kim episode)
 * Sex (TV series), an Australian television series
 * Sex: The Annabel Chong Story, a 1999 documentary film

Literature

 * Sex (book), a 1992 book by Madonna and Steven Meisel
 * Sex (play), a 1926 play by Mae West

Music

 * SEX, pseudonym of American rapper Young Thug

Albums

 * Sex (Elli Kokkinou album), 2005
 * Sex (The Necks album), 1989
 * Sex (The 1975 EP), 2012
 * Sex (Tila Tequila EP), 2007
 * Sex, by Telex, 1981
 * Sex (Vintage album), 2009

Songs

 * "Sex" (The 1975 song), 2012
 * "Sex" (Cheat Codes and Kris Kross Amsterdam song), 2016
 * "S.E.X." (Lyfe Jennings song), 2006
 * "Sex" (Lenny Kravitz song), 2014
 * "Sex" (Mötley Crüe song), 2012
 * "Sex (I'm a ...)", by Berlin, 1983
 * "Sex", by Oomph! from Sperm, 1994
 * "Sex", by Eden from I Think You Think Too Much of Me, 2016
 * "SEX", by Frank Zappa from The Man from Utopia, 1983
 * "S.E.X.", by Nickelback from Dark Horse, 2008
 * "Sex", by Rammstein from the untitled Rammstein album, 2019
 * "Sexual" (song), by Neiked featuring Dyo, 2016
 * "Sexual", by Die Toten Hosen from Love, Peace & Money, 1994
 * "Sexual (Li Da Di)", by Amber from Amber, 1999
 * "Sexual", by Nick Jonas from Spaceman, 2021

Other uses

 * Australian Sex Party, a former political party in Australia
 * Seax, a knife used by ancient Germanic peoples
 * Sextans or Sex, a constellation
 * Sex (boutique), in London
 * SEX (computing), an assembly language mnemonic
 * Sodium ethyl xanthate, or SEX, a chemical compound used in the mining industry
 * Sex-, the Latin prefix meaning 6
 * Sex Peak, a mountain in Montana, United States

title: Sex (disambiguation)


text:
DBA (airline)

DBA Luftfahrtgesellschaft mbH, founded as Delta Air and formerly branded as Deutsche BA, was a German low-cost airline headquartered on the grounds of Munich Airport in a building within the municipality of Hallbergmoos, Bavaria, Germany. It operated scheduled domestic and international services and also operated charter flights for tour operators in Europe and North Africa.

It was acquired by Air Berlin in August 2006 when operating as dba, but continued to operate independently, marketed as Air Berlin (powered by dba) until being dissolved by its parent company Air Berlin on 30 November 2008.

Foundation by British Airways
Deutsche BA was established in 1992, when British Airways (BA) acquired a 49% stake in the Friedrichshafen-based regional airline Delta Air. BA acquired the remaining shares in 1997.

When Carl Michel became CEO, the fleet was streamlined to consist entirely of 18 Boeing 737-300 aircraft, dropping secondary routes including those services operated with Saab 2000 as well as other turboprop aircraft types and focusing on internal German routes, feeder services to London–Gatwick and links to other oneworld partners, notably Iberia and Finnair.

Rod Eddington replaced Bob Ayling as British Airways Chief Executive in May 2000, starting major reviews of the airline's operations. First indications of a BA review of its German arm came in 2001 at which time Deutsche BA had amassed losses of over £15m. On 3 May 2002 EasyJet announced that it intended to pursue a purchase of former BA subsidiary Go. EasyJet followed with an announcement on 8 May 2002 that it had signed an exclusive agreement with British Airways giving it the option to purchase Deutsche BA. EasyJet had until 31 March 2003, or with an extension until 3 July 2003, to purchase the airline. During this time Deutsche BA would remain fully under BA control. However, EasyJet had several commitments: send three managers to the German operation, contribute £3m for capital expenditure and pay BA £366,000 per month until it exercised its option. In March 2003 EasyJet announced it had abandoned its plans to acquire Deutsche BA, citing the economic climate and employment laws in Germany.

First sale and planned mergers
In June 2003, BA announced plans to sell Deutsche BA to Intro Verwaltungsgesellschaft for a token sum of 1 Euro. In addition BA would invest £25m into the airline and guarantee its fleet of 16 Boeing 737s for a year. In return BA would receive 25% of any profits or proceeds from a sale until June 2006. It was rebranded as dba.

In March 2005 dba announced its intention to acquire rival airline Germania Express (gexx) which would create Germany's third largest airline after Lufthansa and Air Berlin. The gexx brand was phased out on the former airline's services, along with its Fokker 100 aircraft which dba has assumed the lease of. dba submitted a binding bid for ailing Greek national airline Olympic Airlines in April 2005, but later withdrew that bid.

In the fiscal year ending 31 March 2005, dba announced its first profit since creation in 1992, of 'between €1m and €2m on sales of around €265m. 3 million passengers flew on dba aircraft in the year ending March 2005. The airline was owned by Intro Verwaltungsgesellschaft (80%) and Martin Gauss and Peter Wojahn (20%), and had 660 employees (at January 2005).

On 17 February 2006, dba announced the purchase of 60% of LTU. Hans-Rudolf Wöhrl, the majority owner of dba, planned to link the operations of LTU and dba, with dba flying inside Germany and LTU serving international destinations. It would allow LTU to increase its longhaul services by providing feeder services to Munich and Düsseldorf. LTU managing director Jürgen Marbach took a 24% stake in the carrier.

Sale to Air Berlin
In February 2006 Lutz Helmig acquired a 25.1% stake in the airline through the Aton company. On August 17, 2006, it was announced that Air Berlin had acquired 100% of the shares in dba. The two airlines would operate under their current identities, with dba continuing to operate as an independent company under the Air Berlin umbrella, but in future would be marketed as Air Berlin ("powered by dba"). It had 700 employees (at March 2007).

On 6 September 2006, the German Federal Cartel Office cleared the acquisition of 100% of the shares of dba by Air Berlin without restrictions to allow finalisation of the takeover. The winter 2006 flight schedules were harmonised and a joint schedule will be in place for the summer 2007 season.

On 30 November 2008 the parent company Air Berlin dissolved the company dba and fully integrated its planes into the Air Berlin fleet.

Fleet
When branded as Deutsche BA, the airline operated the following aircraft types in a livery similar to British Airways:

 * Boeing 737-300
 * Boeing 737-400
 * Dornier 228
 * Fokker 100
 * Saab 2000
 * Saab 340A

title: DBA (airline)


text:
Category:Railway guns

Railway guns are large artillery pieces, usually naval guns, mounted on rail tracks for mobility on land. See the railway gun article for more detail.

title: Category:Railway guns


text:
Palazzolo

Palazzolo may refer to:

Places in Italy

 * Palazzolo (Rome), a hill in Rome
 * Palazzolo sull'Oglio, a comune in the Province of Brescia
 * Palazzolo Acreide, a comune in the Province of Siracusa
 * Palazzolo Vercellese, a comune in the Province of Vercelli
 * Palazzolo dello Stella, a comune in the Province of Udine
 * Palazzolo, a frazione of Sona in the Province of Verona
 * Palazzolo, a frazione of Fossato di Vico in the Province of Perugia
 * Palazzolo, a frazione of Incisa in Val d'Arno in the Province of Florence
 * Palazzolo, a quarter of Paderno Dugnano in the Province of Milan

Other uses

 * Palazzolo (surname), a surname (and a list of people with the name)

title: Palazzolo


text:
Fat (EP)

The Fat EP is an EP by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1981 through New Alliance Records. It was the band's first recording with singer Milo Aukerman and established their presence in the southern California hardcore punk movement, with short, aggressive songs that represented a shift in style from their previous new wave and surf sound. The EP was re-released in later years as part of several compilation albums.

Background
The Descendents' initial recording lineup of guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo, and drummer Bill Stevenson released the band's 1979 debut single "Ride the Wild" / "It's a Hectic World", with a sound that blended Devo-like new wave and Dick Dale-style surf music. Stevenson sold copies of the single to fellow students at Mira Costa High School, attracting the attention of classmate Milo Aukerman, who began attending the band's practices regularly. Aukerman soon became the band's lead singer after jumping in to sing with them at practice.

The addition of Aukerman and the consumption of large amounts of coffee led the band to write shorter, faster and more aggressive songs in a hardcore punk style. Stevenson attributed the change partly to the band's invention of the "Bonus Cup": "We took ⅓ of a cup of instant coffee grounds, added some hot water, threw in about 5 spoonfuls of sugar, and proceeded to play 10 second songs. The Bonus Cup became a part of everyday Descendents life". "Caffeine makes you hyper", said Lombardo, "In general, it makes you want to play faster." Aukerman later recalled: "We started drinking too much coffee; 'cause of that and the addition of me, the music became very quick and all about bursts of energy. It's interesting: we started very melodic, then moved to hardcore, but melded the two at a certain point and became melodic hardcore".

Another factor influencing the band's style was the concept of "All", invented by Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion during a late-night fishing trip on Stevenson's boat, the Orca. According to Aukerman: "While drinking all this coffee in the midst of catching mackerel they came up with the concept of All — doing the utmost, achieving the utmost. The more they got into it the more it turned into their own religion; it's partly humor, but it's also an outlook on how to conduct your life: to not settle for some, to always go for All". Stevenson described the concept of "All" as "the total extent", and recalled that "the quest for All became the main catalyst of the band, and we adopted this omni-ambitious way of life, for better and for better". He and McCuistion quickly wrote several very short songs that would later be recorded by the Descendents:

Pat insisted that we quit writing "stupid girl songs", and start writing about things that really matter — like food and fishing. So he and I wrote "Weinerschnitzel", "All", and "No, All!" in a fit of Allular frustration. The songs were only seconds long, but that was all the time we needed to make the point. We temporarily put aside all of our so-called "girl songs" and recorded the Fat EP. This is the only record we ever made without a single love song on it.

Of these songs, "Weinerschnitzel" was used on the Fat EP while "All" and "No, All!" were later recorded for the 1987 album All. "I just decided to not write normal songs", recalled Stevenson. I Like Food' and 'Weinerschnitzel', I thought that was the way of the future, like 'yeah, these songs are more cool than normal songs.

Recording, themes, and releases
The Fat EP was recorded in March 1981 at Music Lab studios in Hollywood with producer Spot, and was released later that year by New Alliance Records. "Weinerschnitzel", titled after the fast-food chain, is the shortest song on the EP at 10 seconds, with Lombardo playing the role of the restaurant's counterman while Aukerman shouts his food order at him. The 16-second "I Like Food" also takes food as its topic, with Aukerman shouting out the names of various foodstuffs. Several other songs about food were written, but did not make it onto the EP. "We were never organized enough to have concepts", recalled Stevenson in 2013. "The fact of the matter is that I was 250 pounds and obsessed with chili burgers and stuff. And Frank was a little overweight at the time, too. So we were embracing our gluttony". "Mr. Bass" tells the story of a bass being caught during a fishing trip on board the Orca and being mounted on the fisherman's wall. Navetta drew the illustrations for the front and back cover of the EP.

Following its initial release on New Alliance, the EP was reissued in several versions and as part of compilation albums over the next 10 years. In 1985, New Alliance re-released it as part of the Bonus Fat compilation, pairing it with the tracks from "Ride the Wild" / "It's a Hectic World" and "Global Probing" from a New Alliance/SST Records compilation titled Chunks. In 1987, New Alliance was sold to SST, who re-released Bonus Fat on EP, cassette and compact disc. In 1988, it was paired with the band's debut album Milo Goes to College as Two Things at Once. "My Dad Sucks", "I Like Food", and "Weinerschnitzel" were also included on the 1991 career retrospective Somery.

Reception
Music journalist and culture critic Greil Marcus used the Fat EP as the introduction to his "Food Fight: Real Life Rock Top Ten 1981", remarking that "if a more perfect disc has appeared this year, I haven't heard it". Rock critic Robert Christgau called it a "punk classic", praising the short, fast songs and calling "Weinerschnitzel" "their masterpiece, eleven seconds of dialogue augmented by two guitar blams. All of the fifty or so listeners I've subjected to it have had the same basic response: 'Play it again, willya? Ned Raggett of AllMusic gave the EP 3 stars out of 5, calling it "quick, immediate, goofy, fun" and "a hyperspeed trashing of modern youth Kultur circa 1981".

Cover versions
In the decades since its release, several artists have recorded cover versions of songs from the Fat EP. For the Descendents tribute album Homage: Lots of Bands Doing Descendents' Songs (1995), Squatweiler with Asteroid Wilhanna covered "I Like Food" while Drew covered "Hey Hey". Manic Hispanic recorded a parody version of "Weinerschnitzel", titled "Alberto's", for their album The Recline of Mexican Civilization (2001). Taking Back Sunday covered "I Like Food" on the Tony Hawk's American Wasteland soundtrack (2005). Less Than Jake referenced "Weinerschnitzel" on their song "Channel 4" from TV/EP (2010).

Personnel

 * Band
 * Milo Aukerman – vocals
 * Tony Lombardo – bass guitar
 * Frank Navetta – guitar, cover illustrations
 * Bill Stevenson – drums

 * Production
 * Spot – producer, engineer

title: Fat (EP)


text: User talk:68.14.164.108

title: User talk:68.14.164.108


text:
User talk:Pheel

$$\ M=\ {mRT \over pV}$$ $$\ M_1=\ {0,17 \cdot 8,31 \cdot 292,5 \over 102,5 \cdot 0,14} = \,\approx28,8$$

$$\ Q=\ mc\Delta T$$ $$\ Q=\ 50 \cdot 0,00418 \cdot (22-1) = 4,389$$ $$\ Q=\ 50 \cdot 0,00418 \cdot (22+1) = 4,807$$

$$\ Q/mol=\ {4,389 \over 0,05+0,000125} \approx87,56$$ $$\ Q/mol=\ {4,807 \over 0,05-0,000125} \approx96,38$$

$$\ Q/mol=\ {Q \over n}$$

title: User talk:Pheel


text:
Man Mohan Adhikari

Man Mohan Adhikari (Magi) (मन मोहन अधिकारी; 9 June 1920 – 26 April 1999) was the 31st Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He is the first communist Prime Minister in Nepal and one of the first communist politician in the world to be democratically elected as a head of government.

Family and early life
Born in Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal, he spent his childhood in Biratnagar. His family was a landowner Brahmin family from Eastern Nepal. He was sent to Varanasi to study in 1938. While studying for his B.Sc. in 1942, Adhikari took part in the Quit India movement and he was arrested by the British colonial authorities and jailed along with other politicians.

Life
During his stay in India, Adhikari became involved in the communist movement, joining the Communist Party of India. He returned to Biratnagar and worked in the chemical industry where, in March 1947, he took part in the Biratnagar jute mill strike and was arrested and taken to Kathmandu via land route along with Girija Prasad Koirala and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala.

He took part in the founding of the Communist Party of Nepal in 1949. In 1957/58 Man Mohan Adhikari participated in the first democratically held Parliamentary Elections in Nepal only halfheartedly, since he was keen on broadening his organization, while he had already become a key figure in the Communist Movement in the country. In 1959, the then elected government, led by Prime Minister B.P. Koirala was sacked and the elected Parliament was dissolved by King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva citing several reasons. Man Mohan, who was then in his home town of Biratnagar, Morang was arrested and lodged in jail by Koshi Zonal Commissioner Damodar Shumshere JB Rana. While he was in custody, the then democratically elected leader of Dharan Municipality Yagya Prasad Acharya, Secretary of the then Nepal Communist Party Sunsari District Committee was entrusted by Man Mohan Adhikari to negotiate with the government authority for the release of communist leaders and cadres from detention in Sunsari and Morang districts. Acharya had several rounds of parleys with communist leaders Mohan Adhikari, Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya, Radha Prasad Ghimire and others inside the jail and Zonal Commissioner Rana and Chief Administrator of Morang District Jeevan Lal Satyal. Adhikari, was a democratic persona, so he was of the opinion that all leaders and cadres who were democratically elected in public positions such as municipal councils, should continue their jobs for maintaining continued contacts with their constituencies, instead of playing an opposition role and going to jail. This policy of Man Mohan was a key move for the re-invigoration and expansion of the communist party in Eastern Nepal.

As per the instruction of leader Adhikari, a public statement pledging support to the Constructive Leadership of the King was issued and several leaders of the then Nepal Communist Party under custody in Sunsari and Morang districts were freed. After release from the jail Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Radha Parsad Ghimire (who was released after few months), Shailendra was given an audience by the King in Kathmandu, and entrusted an assignment to galvanize support for the political action taken by the King recently, who later was made the Assistant Home Affairs Minister of the country by King Mahendra. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Adhikari asserted that the war was an Indian aggression against Pakistan.

In November 1994, elections were held following a dissolution of parliament. Despite Congress securing a higher popular vote than the UML, the latter secured 88 seats to the former's 83. Neither party was successful in forming a coalition to hold a majority of the 205 seats. After failed coalition negotiations, however, Adhikari became Prime Minister of a minority government, acquiring the support of the National Democratic Party and the Sadbhavana Party.

In June 1995, the National Democratic Party and the Sadbhavana Party (who helped the UML form a minority government in November 1994) supported the Nepali Congress's call for a vote of no-confidence in Adhikari's government in a special session of the House of Representatives. Adhikari attempted to dissolve parliament and call elections in an attempt to replicate the circumstances under which he assumed office in 1994. But a Supreme Court challenge led by Congress saw this move deemed unconstitutional and the parliament was restored. The vote of no-confidence proceeded successfully. Elections in 1995 saw Adhikari's government voted out of office.

Adhikari was one of the few democratically elected communist party members in the world to serve as head of the government.

Health and death
Adhikari suffered from asthma for four decades and went to China for four years to seek treatment after contracting tuberculosis.

On 19 April 1999, he suffered a heart attack during an election rally in the village of Gothatar and fell into a coma. He was declared brain dead on 22 April with no hope of recovery. He died four days later. He was survived by his wife and two children.

title: Man Mohan Adhikari


text:
I Don't Want to Grow Up

I Don't Want to Grow Up is the second studio album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1985 through New Alliance Records. It marked the end of a two-year hiatus for the band, during which singer Milo Aukerman had attended college and drummer Bill Stevenson had joined Black Flag. I Don't Want to Grow Up was the first of two albums the Descendents recorded with guitarist Ray Cooper, and their last with original bassist Tony Lombardo, who quit the group because he did not want to go on tour. Though recorded quickly and without much rehearsal time, I Don't Want to Grow Up received positive reviews from critics, who praised its catchy songs, strong melodies, and pop-influenced love songs.

Background
The Descendents' first full-length album, Milo Goes to College (1982), had been so named because singer Milo Aukerman was departing the band to attend college; he enrolled at El Camino College for one year, then attended the University of California, San Diego from 1983 to 1985, where he studied biology. In his absence, the band—guitarist Frank Navetta, drummer Bill Stevenson, and bassist Tony Lombardo—recruited Ray Cooper as singer and continued performing locally for a time during 1982 and 1983. Cooper preferred playing guitar to singing, however, and the band would occasionally perform with Aukerman as a quintet during his return visits to Los Angeles.

Stevenson also joined Black Flag in early 1983, intending to be in both bands simultaneously. "I'm the Descendents' drummer", he said at the time. "I'm permanently in both bands. Other than that, I'm a nice person." He spent most of January–May 1983 on the road with Black Flag, touring the United States and Europe. With this experience, he desired to take the Descendents on tour as well: "I got a taste of touring in Black Flag," he later recalled, "and I wanted to take that and spread it laterally to what the Descendents would or could do." However, he encountered resistance from Navetta and Lombardo: "Bill kind of sat down with me and Frank and said something to the effect of we were at a point where we needed to grow by going on the road", Lombardo later said. "Frank said no, and I had to say no also, so he said he had to leave the band and we were both kind of bummed out. I don't think Frank even believed him at first. That was a bad scenario." Stevenson soon found Black Flag's touring and recording schedule too busy to allow time for the Descendents. "I got in over my head", Stevenson later said. "When I joined [Black] Flag I had every intention of doing both bands but it was physically impossible. Flag had all this stuff in progress, so I put Descendents on hold."

With the Descendents effectively on hiatus, Navetta, Lombardo, and Cooper tried to start a new band, the Ascendants, but only played one show. Navetta ultimately quit the band by setting all of his musical equipment on fire and moving to Oregon, where he became a full-time fisherman. Stevenson remained in Black Flag, with whom he recorded five studio albums, a live album, and two EPs, and toured consistently from March through December 1984. According to Aukerman, the idea to record a new Descendents album originated in March 1985 during the recording of Black Flag's Loose Nut album:

"Bill was recording with Black Flag and he invited me up to do backing vocals for Loose Nut. He pulled me aside and he's like 'Hey, I got these songs, but they're not Black Flag songs, they're really more Descendents songs', and I said 'Let me hear them.' It was just an instrumental track and he sang over it and sang 'Silly Girl' to me and I was like 'Wow!' He said 'I can't do these in Black Flag.' I said 'Well, maybe we should do them!'"

By April 1985 Stevenson had left Black Flag and he, Aukerman, Lombardo, and Cooper reconvened as the Descendents to record the band's second album.

Writing
In addition to the songs Stevenson had written, the other band members made songwriting contributions to the album. Although Frank Navetta had left the band, one song he had written lyrics for, "Rockstar", was used for the album. Cooper's sole writing credit is on lyrics to the lead track, "Descendents", which are attributed to the entire band. Descendents' was written by Ray and I about Bill leaving the band", said Lombardo. The song opens with the lyrics "Just because we've gone away / Here's a message from me and Ray / We're not gonna let the music die / Join us if you've got the energy".

Lombardo contributed the album's title track, which expressed his desire for individuality: "I would write a song like 'I Don't Want to Grow Up' like, 'I don't want to grow up because I don't want to be like certain adults that were negatively influencing the world, he recalled in 2013, "not just 'I want to be a kid and live like a kid.' I don't want to grow up to be like you."

Aukerman's lyrics to "Pervert" dealt with his conflicting feelings about his libido: "['Pervert'] is about how I like to have sex, but sometimes I like it so much that I think I'm perverted", he said in a mid-1980s interview. "Sometimes I want to have sex so much that I think I'm a pervert, so that's why I wrote the song. Even though sex is the healthiest thing in the world, the most natural thing, sometimes for some strange reason my psyche tells me that I should be a pervert for wanting to have it so much."

Recording
The band learned the new material and recorded the album within a two-week period, leaving little time to rehearse the songs. In addition to the time constraint, they had lost the rehearsal space they had shared with Black Flag, and until the first day of recording were unable to practice with all of their equipment plugged in. As a result, the songs had much more of a pop sound on the album than they did when the band performed them live. "We could've put a lot more practice time into it," said Aukerman during the album's supporting tours, "but I think that the songs themselves are just really good songs. We play them all better now."

I Don't Want to Grow Up was recorded in April 1985 at Music Lab studios in Hollywood with producer and engineer David Tarling, who had worked with Stevenson on the recording and production of Black Flag's Loose Nut (1985), The Process of Weeding Out (1985), and In My Head (1985). "He was really fond of those 1980s production trappings, and the record is polluted and corrupted with them", Stevenson later reflected, complaining that "[It] sounds like all weird, reverby, crazy '80s shit." He also recalled that at one point Tarling passed out, leading Stevenson to take over the recording controls: "[He] was having some kind of problems or something, and he was drinking a lot, and he got so drunk while we were recording that he passed out. So I basically kinda rolled his chair out of the way and rolled my chair in place of it, and then lo and behold, Bill Stevenson is an engineer! And of course that record sounds terrible! I fucked it up good and well, but that's how I started learning. So it was basically a DIY kinda thing."

Release and touring
Like Milo Goes to College, I Don't Want to Grow Up was released as an LP record through New Alliance Records, an independent record label run by D. Boon and Mike Watt of the San Pedro-based punk band the Minutemen, who were contemporaries of the Descendents. Stevenson prepared a tour to support the album, but Lombardo declined due to his personal and professional commitments, thus quitting the band. Stevenson later regretting not being more accommodating:

"Grow Up was coming out and it's like 'Hey, this is gonna come out and we need to go play shows. We can't just stay here.' I probably wasn't thinking about the wholeness of the lineup and the friendships there as much as just thinking about 'well, I want the band to do more.' I may have inadvertently trampled a few innocent victims in the path [...] Looking back on it, I should have been more sensitive to Tony's time limitations and maybe tried to limit the touring to if he had a week or two off. That would have been the compassionate thing to do as a band of friends, but I think I was too hell-bent on charging it and going for it. The band was just too good to be 'Let's practice four days a week and do two shows a month.' We were just too good of a band for that to be the end of our story."

Lombardo was replaced in the band's lineup by Doug Carrion, who had attended Mira Costa High School with Aukerman and Stevenson and was playing in a band called Anti. "I get this weird note on my door," recalled Carrion, "and it's like 'Hey, this is Bill. I'm thinking about doing the Descendents again. Tony can't do it, so I want to know if you want to give it a swing.' So we practiced getting me brought up to speed and then, right as school was ready to stop, Milo jumped in the van and we started doing shows." The Descendents undertook three tours of the United States between April 1985 and March 1986 to support I Don't Want to Grow Up. The band's first performance outside of California was June 21, 1985, at CBGB in New York City. Their first tour then began in Phoenix, Arizona on July 18 and took the band east through the Southern United States, north to the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, west through the Midwestern United States, then through Colorado, Utah, and Idaho to Seattle before heading south along the West Coast of the United States, ending September 14 in San Diego; covering 27 states with a total of 43 shows in 42 cities. Carrion later recalled of the experience:

"That first tour was probably one of the most difficult tours and the funnest tour at the same time. The hard part was we were traveling in this horrible, horrible, beat-up '71 Ford Econoline van in the dead of summer with no air conditioning. You're laying on this plywood loft and the sun's sweltering on the ceiling. You stay at sketchy houses in sketchy neighborhoods with sketchy people. There's a show on Friday and Saturday, and then you're just wandering the states wondering what to do. 'Holy smokes, there's a show in Seattle and we're in El Paso. How many days do we have to get there? Nine. What are we gonna do for nine days?' Funny, crazy, and everybody was kind of dedicated to having about as much fun as could happen in a 24-hour period."

The second tour was more sporadic and localized, with 15 shows in California, Arizona, and Nevada between September 19 and December 15. The Descendents played the 9:30 Club in Washington, D.C., on December 20 before starting their third tour in Phoenix, Arizona the following day. This tour followed a similar route to the first, going through the Southwestern and Southern states before turning north to Pennsylvania; then crossing into Canada for three shows in Ontario, the band's first outside the United States; then through the Midwestern states; ending March 1 in Salt Lake City; covering 20 states and Ontario with a total of 39 shows in 39 cities.

In 1987 New Alliance was sold to SST Records, who re-released I Don't Want to Grow Up on LP, cassette, and compact disc.

Reception
Ned Raggett of Allmusic gave I Don't Want to Grow Up four stars out of five, saying that "When the four want to be straight up and perfectly poppy, they can and do with smashing success, with surprisingly mature, emotional lyrics and playing that doesn't rely on all-speed all the time." Rock critic Robert Christgau gave the album a B+ rating, saying "They 'don't even know how to sing', they excoriate themselves as perverts for wanting sex, and when they fall in love they try to write Beatles songs. Chances are you'll find them awkward, but I'm tremendously encouraged that they can fall in love at all. Anyway, their Beatles songs are pretty catchy." In a 2004 biography of the band, Jenny Eliscu of Rolling Stone commented that the album "featured the most singable tunes the band had ever written. 'Good Good Things', 'In Love This Way', and 'Can't Go Back' were positively sunny by Descendents standards; the Beach Boys-gone-punk vibe was an obvious precursor to Weezer. The real advance was their ability to give strong melodies to thrash songs: 'My World' and 'Silly Girl' border on heavy metal but leave out the goofy excess and include way more self-pity."

According to Finn McKenty, the band and the album was a major influence on what would be known as pop punk in the 1990s and 2000s, mainly due to the band's "fairly normal" image and upbeat songs with lyrics about growing up, going to school/college, falling in love, breaking up, rather than something political, aggressive, violent or anti-social—themes that were prevalent in the punk rock and hardcore music at the time.

Cover versions
In the decades since its release, several artists have recorded cover versions of songs from I Don't Want to Grow Up for other releases, including:
 * "I Don't Want to Grow Up" by Pkids and by Bobby Birdman
 * "Pervert" by The Bouncing Souls
 * "Can't Go Back" by Poole and by the Tijuana Panthers
 * "Silly Girl" by Bunnygrunt
 * "Christmas Vacation" by Soccer and by +44
 * "Good Good Things" by Dunebuggy, EdselColleen Green and Drain
 * "Ace" by Thrush Hermit
 * "Pep Talk" by Parasites

Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.

Band
 * Milo Aukerman – vocals
 * Tony Lombardo – bass
 * Ray Cooper – guitars
 * Bill Stevenson – drums

Production
 * David Tarling – production, engineering
 * Bill Stevenson – production
 * John Golden – mastering

title: I Don't Want to Grow Up