text:
Solovetsky Monastery

The Solovetsky Monastery (Солове́цкий монасты́рь, ) is a fortified monastery located on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea in northern Russia. It was one of the largest Christian citadels in northern Russia before it was converted into a Soviet prison and labor camp in 1926 to 1939, and served as a prototype for the camps of the Gulag system. The monastery has experienced several major changes and military sieges. Its most important structures date from the 16th century, when Filip Kolychev was its hegumen (comparable to an abbot).

History
The Solovetsky Monastery was founded in 1436 by the monk Zosima; however, monks Herman and Savvatiy from the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery lived on the island from 1429 to 1436, and are considered to be co-founders of the monastery. Zosima later became the first hegumen of the monastery. After Marfa Boretskaya, wife of the posadnik of Novgorod, donated her lands at Kem and Summa to the monastery in 1450, the monastery quickly enlarged its holdings, which was situated strategically on the shores of the White Sea.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the monastery extended its commercial activities, becoming an economic and political center of the White Sea region. This included saltworks (in the 1660s, it owned 54 of them), trapping, fishing, mica works, ironworks, pearl works, among others. Archmandrites of the monastery were appointed by the tsar himself and the patriarch. By the 17th century, the Solovetsky Monastery had about 350 monks, 600–700 servants, artisans and peasants. In the 1650s and 1660s, the monastery was one of the strongholds of the Old Believers of the Raskol (schism) in the Russian Orthodox Church. The Solovetsky Monastery Uprising of 1668–1676 was aimed at Patriarch Nikon's ecclesiastic reform and took on an anti-feudal nature. In 1765, the monastery became stauropegic (from the Greek stauros meaning "cross" and pegio meaning "to affirm"), i.e. it was subordinated directly to the Synod.

Together with the Sumskoy and Kemsky stockades, the Solovetsky Monastery served as an important frontier fortress with dozens of cannons and a strong garrison. In the 16th to 17th centuries, the monastery succeeded a number of times in repelling the attacks of the Livonian Order and the Swedes (in 1571, 1582 and 1611).

During the Crimean War, the Solovetsky Monastery was attacked by three British ships. After nine hours of shelling on the 6 and 7 July 1854 the vessels left with nothing.

Between the 16th and the early 20th centuries, the monastery was also a place of exile for the opponents of autocracy and official Orthodoxy and a center of Christianization in the north of Russia. The monastery also had a large library of manuscripts and books.

The monastery garden also had some exotic flora, such as the Tibetan wild roses presented to the monks by Agvan Dorzhiev, a Lama.

After the Bolshevik Revolution and Russian Civil War, the Soviet authorities closed down the monastery and incorporated many of the buildings into Solovki prison camp, one of the earliest forced-labor camps of the gulag during the 1920s and 1930s. "In the earliest years of the Soviet prison system, the Solovetsky Special Prison Camp (SLON) was home to a large group of . . . imprisoned writers." The camp main activity was logging, and when most of the surrounding area had been deforested, the camp was closed. Before the Second World War, a naval cadet school was opened on the island.

A small brotherhood of monks has re-established activities in the monastery after the collapse of communism, and it currently houses about ten monks. The monastery has also recently been extensively repaired, but remains under reconstruction. The Solovetsky Monastery is also an historical and architectural museum. It was one of the first Russian sites to have been inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Layout
The Solovetsky Monastery is located on the shores of the Prosperity Bay (бухта Благополучия) on Solovetsky Island. The monastery is surrounded by massive wall 8 to 11 meters high and 4 to 6 meters thick. The wall incorporates 7 gates and 8 towers (built in 1584–1594 by an architect named Trifon), made mainly of huge boulders up to several tonnes of weight. There are also religious buildings on the monastery's grounds with the principal structures interconnected with roofed and arched passages. They are in turn surrounded by multiple household buildings and living quarters, including a refectory (a 500 m² chamber) with the Uspensky Cathedral (built in 1552–1557), Preobrazhensky Cathedral (1556–1564), Church of Annunciation (1596–1601), stone chambers (1615), watermill (early 17th century), bell tower (1777), and Church of Nicholas (1834).

Appearances in media
In Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War, the monastery appears as a location for a possible final mission.

title: Solovetsky Monastery


text:
Talk:Mary Shelley

Converting references to SFN/Harvp, to aid in accessibility of citations
As my recent start at moving over to SFN/Harvp for the references was reverted by, I am here seeking a consensus for the change. The main argument is using such, or a similar standard is better than the plain text references, as it allows for a single click to the relevant full citation in the bibliography section, as to the current need to look for the relevant citation by just the surname alone (as none provide the date for the citation in the plain text reference). -- Cdjp1 (talk) 11:20, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I support the change. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 11:31, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm a fan of linked citations. Nikkimaria is right from a process perspective: you generally shouldn't change away from the established style without affirmative talk page consensus. As long as you're willing to fully convert to the linked style, I'm all for it. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 17:20, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

 * The existing footnote style is in line with the MLA Handbook, which is standard for academic publications in this subject area - plus unlinked citations in general are more accessible for those who are subject-matter rather than Wikipedia-editing experts, and the former are needed here. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:09, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 November 2023
Her spouse Percy Shelley was born August 4,1792. this is clearly a mix up ? 2603:8000:A700:3C6:7DC8:B4FD:EA04:DF11 (talk) 03:10, 25 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you're referring to. As far as I can tell, this article never mentions when Percy was born. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 03:19, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 May 2024
5th paragraph, "Until the 1970s", should perhaps be changed to "until the 1850's" or "For the rest of her life", since Mary died in 1853. 2600:8800:3984:8200:BD86:B1D7:2E05:E45 (talk) 23:50, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: I don't see a correlation between the time of her death and what she has been known for historically by researchers and scholars. — Sirdog (talk) 00:56, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

Lake Geneva and Frankenstein
What were the other three stories?Drsruli (talk) 22:01, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mary Shelley


text:
Talk:National Police Agency (Japan)

Report 2001:4450:46F3:500:1A4:E238:75A0:A66D (talk) 08:09, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Police Agency (Japan)


text:
Wikipedia:People by year/SQL for table

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_peopleyr;

CREATE TABLE temp_peopleyr SELECT DISTINCT cur_id AS p_id, cur_title AS p_title, '0000' AS y1, '0000' AS y2, '00' AS p_cats, '00000' AS p_age, cur_title AS p_sortkey, 0 AS p_update FROM categorylinks, cur WHERE (cl_to LIKE '%deaths' OR cl_to LIKE '%births') AND cl_from=cur_id AND cur_namespace=0 AND cur_is_redirect=0 AND cl_sortkey NOT LIKE '*%' ORDER BY cl_sortkey LIMIT 100000;

ALTER TABLE temp_peopleyr ADD PRIMARY KEY (p_id); ALTER TABLE temp_peopleyr ADD COLUMN p_categories VARCHAR(255);

 * 1) Adds years

UPDATE temp_peopleyr, categorylinks SET y1=LEFT(cl_to, 4), p_sortkey=cl_sortkey WHERE p_id=cl_from AND cl_to LIKE '%births';

UPDATE temp_peopleyr, categorylinks SET y2=LEFT(cl_to, 4), p_sortkey=cl_sortkey WHERE p_id=cl_from AND cl_to LIKE '%deaths';

UPDATE temp_peopleyr SET p_age=y2-y1;

UPDATE temp_peopleyr SET p_age=2004-y1 WHERE y2=0000;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_peoplecatcount;

CREATE TABLE temp_peoplecatcount SELECT p_id AS cc_id, Count(*) AS cc_num FROM temp_peopleyr, categorylinks WHERE p_id=cl_from AND cl_to NOT LIKE '%deaths' AND cl_to NOT LIKE '%births' AND cl_to <> 'People_stubs' AND cl_to <> 'Writer_stubs' AND cl_to <> 'Language_stubs' AND cl_to <> '1911_Britannica' AND cl_to <> 'NPOV_disputes' AND cl_to <> 'Unformatted_ice_hockey_player' AND cl_to <> 'Substubs' AND cl_to <> 'Articles_to_be_split' AND cl_to <> 'Cleanup' AND cl_to <> 'Pages_on_votes_for_deletion' AND cl_to <> 'Templates_for_deletion' AND cl_to <> 'Disambiguation' GROUP BY p_title LIMIT 1000000;
 * 1) ignore categories added through templates

UPDATE temp_peopleyr, temp_peoplecatcount SET p_cats=cc_num WHERE p_id=cc_id;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_peoplecatcount;

title: Wikipedia:People by year/SQL for table


text:
Coburg North, Victoria

Coburg North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Darebin and Merri-bek local government areas. Coburg North recorded a population of 8,327 at the 2021 census.

Although most of Coburg North is within the City of Merri-bek, a handful of properties on Elizabeth Street, Coburg North's eastern boundary, are located in the City of Darebin.

The suburb lies north of Coburg, and has the same postcode (3058). The majority of Coburg North is zoned residential, though there are some industrial pockets. The major commercial strip on Sydney Road is primarily automotive-related businesses. Merlynston has a small shopping strip with some cafes. The rest of the suburb is reliant on corner shops for everyday needs.

History
Coburg North Post Office opened on 1 August 1857 and closed in 1980.

Housing
A large number of the houses in the area have two bedrooms and are made of brick, some with a weatherboard extension. These were constructed in bulk by the Housing Commission of Victoria, and most follow a standard design and layout. The weatherboard extension appears to be standard feature on houses of this period, and can take the form of a third bedroom, extended kitchen or laundry, or a standalone shed. Some houses share a common wall as a duplex unit.

After the closure of the Kodak Factory in 2005, the land began was developed into a A$250 million 21 ha housing site for 1000 people.

Local industry
Industry in Coburg North is concentrated in the area bounded by Gaffney Street, Sydney Road, Shorts Road and Sussex Street. A notable and major industry in the suburb used to be a factory owned by Kodak, on two sites either side of the Edgars Creek, used for photographic paper manufacture and film processing. With the popularity of digital photography, Kodak has closed the factory.

Geography
Geographical features in North Coburg include:
 * The Coburg Olympic Pool
 * Edgars Creek
 * Merlynston Creek
 * Merri Creek
 * Village Coburg Drive-In
 * Coburg Lake
 * Cash Reserve
 * Richards Reserve (where the Velodrome is)
 * Parker Reserve (Baseball Diamond) with two cricket fields next to it
 * Harold Stevens Athletics Track
 * Cox Reserve
 * Hosken Reserve
 * Sanger Reserve

Increased urban consolidation has added to 1-in-100 year flash flooding risk in Coburg North along the course of Merlynston Creek, according to the State Emergency Service (SES). The State Emergency Services says flooding has occurred along the creek path through Coburg North historically in 1891, 1916, 1934, 1954, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1989, 2003, and 2011.

Educational facilities
Coburg North has one State primary school (Coburg North Primary School), with buildings by Percy Everett, a former chief architect of the Public Works Department of Victoria (PWD). Coburg North Primary (No 4543) was built in 1937 in a restrained Art Deco mode in cream brick and is Heritage listed by Merri-bek City Council.

Other schools in Coburg North are the Australian International Academy, an Islamic school which offers primary and secondary schooling across two campuses, and Mercy College, an all girls Catholic high school.

Bus
Five bus routes service Coburg North:

 * : Coburg – Reservoir via Elizabeth Street. Operated by Ventura Bus Lines.
 * : Campbellfield Plaza Shopping Centre – Coburg via Fawkner. Operated by Broadmeadows Bus Service.
 * : Upfield station – North Coburg via Somerset Estate (Campbellfield). Operated by Broadmeadows Bus Service.
 * : Glenroy station – Coburg via Boundary Road and Sydney Road. Operated by Dysons.
 * : Macleod – Pascoe Vale station via La Trobe University. Operated by Dysons.

Cycling
Cyclists can access the Upfield Bike Path and the Merri Creek Trail, off-road bike paths that traverse Coburg North from north to south. In addition, there are marked bike paths along Boundary Road and Gaffney Street to the west of their intersections with Sydney Road. Merri-bek Council recommends a cycling route between the Upfield and Merri Creek bike paths via Gould Street and Shorts Road, and then on towards Glenroy via Pascoe Vale. This recommended route however has no infrastructure to support it. Elsewhere, there is little provision for cycling or bike routes in the suburb.

Train
Two railway stations service Coburg North: Batman and Merlynston, both located on the Upfield railway line.

Tram
Tram route travels along Sydney Road from the terminus at Bakers Road, Coburg North to Flinders Street station in the city.

title: Coburg North, Victoria


text:
Milsons Point railway station

Milsons Point railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the North Shore line, serving the Sydney suburb of Milsons Point in New South Wales, Australia. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 North Shore line services. The station is located above ground, accessible via stairs and a lift, in Milsons Point, in the North Sydney Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built by the Sydney Harbour Bridge Branch of the NSW Department of Public Works. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

History
In 1815, government architect Francis Greenway, in a report to Governor Macquarie, proposed the building of a bridge from Dawes Point at the city's edge to the northern shore. The original Milsons Point station was not in its present location, but on the edge of Sydney Harbour approximately on the site of the present northern pylon of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the North Sydney Olympic Pool. This location enabled passengers from the North Shore to transfer directly from steam trains to ferries to reach Circular Quay. It opened as the southern terminus of the North Shore railway line on 1 May 1893. when extended from its previous terminus at St Leonards (opened from Hornsby 1 January 1890). The site, squeezed between the rock cliffs and the edge of Sydney Harbour was cramped, with two side platforms, one of which was built on piles partly over the water's edge, and three tracks between, including a centre road. Immediately adjoining it to the west was the colonnaded Milsons Point ferry wharf for the ferry service to Circular Quay in the Sydney central business district and tram terminus for the North Sydney cable tramway (opened 22 May 1886) and subsequently electrified from 11 February 1900.

Concrete had been extensively used for foundations and walls since the 1890s. By 1910, reinforced concrete was in use, but not for superstructures directly supporting railway tracks. The Bellevue Street underbridge at Glebe was the first to use it for this purpose, in 1919.

In 1915, to enable a start on the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge between Milsons Point and Dawes Point, the Government instructed the Railway Commissioners to vacate the station and a new four platform, station was constructed at the site of the boundary fence between the present-day Luna Park and Lavender Bay Sidings. This station was in operation for just seven weeks, from 30 May 1915 to 18 July 1915, as the inconvenience to passengers transferring between ferries and trains was unacceptable. Due to later overcrowding, a third platform was added on 12 December 1920 by removing the centre road track and laying a new track on inland side of the new platform 2. This station remained in use until the site was requisitioned to allow construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

It was not until 1922 that legislation was passed and acted upon, authorising the construction of a bridge. Tenders were invited in 1923 in accordance with general plans and specification prepared by Dr John Bradfield, Chief Engineer, Sydney Harbour Bridge and Railway Construction. The plans and specification provided the alternatives of a cantilever or an arch bridge. Twenty proposals were received from six different companies of various types of design. The tender of Dorman Long & Co Ltd, of Middlesbrough, England, for an arch bridge was accepted, the design being substantially in accordance with one of Dr Bradfield's proposals. The detailed design was carried out by the contractor's consulting engineer, Sir Ralph Freeman, and the fabrication and construction were under the direct charge of Mr Lawrence Ennis, a director of the firm. The design and construction of the bridge were supervised at all stages by Dr Bradfield and his staff.

Temporary station
From 27 April 1924, a new temporary station was brought into use, approximately 300 m back along the line on the site of the present Lavender Bay car sidings, just beyond the present Luna Park amusement park. It was linked to the street by stairs and three escalators, and to a new adjacent ferry wharf. The escalators at Milsons Point were the first installed in Australia, one of which was transferred to Town Hall station when the temporary station closed. The tram line was also relocated to terminate adjacent to the entrance to the new station in Glen Street. First work on the bridge commenced in 1924 with construction of the bridge approaches and the approach spans. Construction of the approach spans was undertaken concurrently with erection of the steelwork for the actual bridge structure. The building of the approaches on the north side included the construction of North Sydney Station, Milsons Point Station and a number of underbridges to carry the railway. The approaches were designed and built by the Sydney Harbour Bridge Branch of the Public Works Department and the Metropolitan Railway Construction Branch of the NSW Government Railways. The northern approaches were built using spoil from the excavation of the North Sydney station site to build a ramp up to the main bridge level. Retaining walls of concrete, built by Monier Concrete, were built along Broughton and Alfred Streets and Bradfield and Pacific Highways.

The line from Hornsby to Milsons Point was electrified from 2 August 1927.

Current station
The Milsons Point station was constructed between 1929 and 1932 as part of the northern approaches. It was initially called Kirribilli Station, but was changed to Milsons Point before its opening. By June 1931 the station platform had been completed and a portion of the platform awnings had also been erected. The railway decking had advanced as far as Milsons Point, tracks had begun to be laid and the transoms delivered for installation. By January 1932 the platforms had been covered with asphalt, the brickwork of the shops in the arcade below the station was completed as was the tiling, the laying of magnesite flooring in the station office, terrazzo flooring in the lavatories, the erection of the metal awnings at the Alfred Street and Broughton Street entrances, terracotta facing to the station and installation of gates and barriers. Trackwork was completed and ballast laid along the tracks at the same time.

On 19 March 1932, the Milsons Point station was officially opened as part of the larger bridge opening celebrations to roadway, railway and pedestrian traffic by the then Premier, Jack Lang. As part of the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and relocation of the North Shore Line to extend across the bridge into the city, a new Milsons Point station was built on the northern approach to the bridge and opened on 19 March 1932. This station was in two parts: two platforms each side of the roadway. The western platforms were connected to the North Shore line with the eastern pair used for a tramway service between Wynyard and the northern suburbs. The tramway and the associated platforms at Milsons Point were removed in 1958 as part of the conversions of lanes 7 and 8 of the Harbour Bridge to become the Cahill Expressway.

The station was upgraded and received a lift connecting the platform and underneath concourse at some point between January 1992 and September 1998.

Transport links
Busways operates six bus routes via Milsons Point station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 209: to East Lindfield
 * 269: to McMahons Point wharf
 * 286: to Denistone East (PM peak hour only)
 * 287: to Ryde (PM peak hour only)
 * View of Sydney Harbour Bridge from platform 1 of Milsons Point Station.jpg: to Epping
 * 294: to Macquarie University

CDC NSW operates one weekday peak hour bus service from Milsons Point station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 622: to Dural via Cherrybrook

Keolis Downer Northern Beaches operates five bus routes via Milsons Point station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 150X: to Manly
 * 154X: to Dee Why
 * 228: to Clifton Gardens
 * 229: to Beauty Point
 * 230: to Mosman Bay wharf

Buildings
The complex comprises platform office and shelter (1932), platform faces (1932), subway entrances (1932), concourse (1932), walls and abutments (1932), and the Burton Street Under-bridge (1932).

Platform office and platform (1932)
Platform structures include a platform office and shelter awnings over. The platform office retains timber double-hung sash windows. The island platform configuration is accessed via concrete stairs and a recently installed elevator.

Entrances (1932)
The Alfred Street entrance retains its 1932 decorative awning and original light fittings either side. The Broughton Street awning has been replaced (date unknown) with a modern awning that extends over the entrances to shops that face Broughton Street. Above each entrance is fixed a cartouche with "1932" written on it.

Concourse (1932)
The concourse level includes station managers office, ticket and booking offices, amenities and a series of small shop outlets on the northern side. Access is via covered subway entrance ways in Alfred and Broughton streets. The stairs and walls of the concourse are tiled in cream-coloured ceramic tiles with maroon bands as top courses. The concourse includes a number of small shop fronts used for take away and small businesses, with shops facing Broughton Street. These were included in the original 1932 layout.

Walls and abutments (1932)
The external walls and abutments are finished in rendered concrete in keeping with the overall bridge design.

Burton Street Under-bridge (1932)
The south end of the Station group area includes the Burton Street Under-bridge 4.340 km, a high arch reinforced concrete underbridge constructed as part of the northern approaches to the Sydney Harbour Bridge and a similar design as the neighbouring Fitzroy Street Underbridge 4.250 km. The northern end is defined by the Lavender Street Underbridge. This is a reinforced concrete bridge with open spandrels. It is a unique design among the Sydney Harbour Bridge approach under-bridges. These underbridges are dealt with as individual items on separate listings

Condition
The station building, platform and under-bridge are in good condition. Some small cracks are visible in the external render around both the Alfred and the Broughton Street entrances. The Milsons Point Station group is largely intact and retains a high level of integrity.

Modifications and dates

 * c. 1980s: Shop and entrance awnings replaced on Broughton Street side
 * c. 2006: Platform elevator installed.
 * N.d: Internal walls in the concourse, stairways and subway areas painted.

Further information
Historic photos of the station construction in 1932 indicate that the fasciae of the station platform shelter are original, as is the decorative awning for the Alfred Street entrance. Tiles are as specified in Bradfield's colour scheme for the city railway.

Heritage listing
As at 25 October 2010, Milsons Point station has state historical significance as an essential component of the northern approaches to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The form and detail of the subway and tunnels in particular are significant as part of the overall design and specifications for the bridge as set down by Chief Engineer JJC Bradfield. The Milsons Point station retains a number of original features and decorative elements from its original construction phase including the platform building and entrance way awning from the Alfred Street side.

Milsons Point railway station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

Milsons Point Station has state historical significance as an essential component of the northern approaches of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and as a linking station in JJC Bradfield's city railway network. The station is unusual on the NSW system for being constructed by the specially created Sydney Harbour Bridge Branch of the Department of Public Works rather than NSW Government Railways.

The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

Milsons Point Station is significant for its association with JJC Bradfield, chief engineer and designer for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and his wider Sydney Harbour Bridge and city railway network scheme.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

Milsons Point Station has aesthetic significance for its retention of the original design's decorative features such as the Alfred Street awning, Alfred Street light fittings and cream and maroon tiling on the platform access stairs. The use of reinforced concrete for the construction of the station building is an early example of this construction technique on a large scale.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The place has the potential to contribute to the local community's sense of place and can provide a connection to the local community's history.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

Milsons Point Station is the only intact station built as part of the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It retains original features of the 1932 design which have been completely removed from its sister station at North Sydney.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

Milsons Point Station is a representative externally of the Sydney Harbour Bridge architectural style and internally representative of the City Underground finishes as displayed in Museum and St James Stations.

title: Milsons Point railway station


text: File:House of Flying Daggers poster.JPG

title: File:House of Flying Daggers poster.JPG


text:
House of Flying Daggers

House of Flying Daggers is a 2004 wuxia romance film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Andy Lau, Zhang Ziyi and Takeshi Kaneshiro. Unlike other wuxia films, it is more of a love story than purely a martial arts film.

The film opened in limited release within the United States on 3 December 2004, in New York City and Los Angeles, and opened on additional screens throughout the country two weeks later. The film grossed $11,050,094 at the United States box office and then went on to significantly overperform in home video market in the United States.

The film was chosen as China's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the year 2004, but was not nominated in that category. It did receive a nomination for Best Cinematography.

Plot
In AD 859, as the Tang dynasty declines, several rebel groups are established, the largest of which is the House of Flying Daggers, based in Fengtian, who battle the corrupt government that oppresses the people. Its members use special throwing daggers that always hit their targets to steal from the rich and give to the poor, gaining the support of the locals. Two police officers, Leo (Andy Lau) and Jin (Takeshi Kaneshiro), are ordered to kill the leader of the group within ten days, a task that appears to be impossible as no one knows who the leader of the House of the Flying Daggers is.

To accomplish this, Leo arrests Mei (Zhang Ziyi), a blind dancer who is suspected of being the previous leader's daughter. Jin proceeds to assault the jail and set Mei free, pretending that he is a rebel sympathiser, an act which gains Mei's trust. As Mei and Jin travel to the Flying Dagger headquarters, Leo trails behind with reinforcements. Unfortunately, Mei and Jin fall in love.

To make the deception more realistic, Leo and his policemen pretend to ambush the pair. Later, though, they are ambushed for real by soldiers. At a secret meeting, Leo explains that the military has gotten involved and wants Jin and Mei dead. A few days later, Jin and Mei are ambushed again in a bamboo forest and almost killed, but they are saved by the House of Flying Daggers and taken to their headquarters. At this point, Mei is revealed to have been faking her blindness and is not the actual former leader's daughter. Furthermore, she is engaged to Leo, who is revealed to be a Flying Daggers member pretending to be an officer. The Flying Daggers are not afraid of the military and are actually looking forward to an open battle. A heartbroken Leo tells Mei that he waited for her for three years since he went undercover, and asks how she could fall in love with Jin after only three days, only to be told she has her heart set on Jin.

Leo tries to attack Mei, but their superior Nia throws a dagger into Leo's back and reassigns them to new missions, separating them. Shortly after, Mei is told to execute Jin. She frees him instead but refuses to desert the House to join him. Later, Mei changes her mind and rides after Jin, but is ambushed by Leo, who casts two daggers at her. Mei manages to deflect one of them while the other pierces her and seemingly kills her. At this point, Jin discovers Leo and the two of them fight, but their skills are too evenly matched. A raging blizzard falls upon them, while the military approaches the House.

Finally, with both men badly wounded and exhausted, Leo pulls Nia's dagger out of his back and threatens to use it on Jin. Mei reappears and threatens to pull the dagger out of her breast and throw it at Leo, which would cause her to bleed to death, but Jin begs her to save herself. After several tense moments, Leo decides to pretend to throw his dagger, intending to die by Mei's dagger while sparing Jin. However, Mei attempts to use her dagger to intercept Leo's dagger in flight. The result is that neither Leo nor Jin dies, but only Mei. In the end, Leo stumbles away in guilt while Jin cries over Mei's body, singing a song praising her as a "rare beauty", the likes of which he will never see again. Whether the House won against the military is left ambiguous.

Cast

 * Andy Lau – Captain Leo
 * Zhang Ziyi – Mei (小妹)
 * Takeshi Kaneshiro – Captain Jin

Production
Anita Mui was originally cast for a major role, which was to be her final film appearance. She died of cervical cancer before any of her scenes were filmed. After her death on 30 December 2003, director Zhang Yimou decided to alter the script rather than find a replacement. The film is dedicated to her memory.

To prepare for her role, Zhang Ziyi lived for two months with a blind girl who had lost her sight at the age of 12 because of a brain tumor. Takeshi Kaneshiro injured his leg when he went horseback riding. As a result, Yimou had Kaneshiro spend two scenes sitting or kneeling down to alleviate the pain, which was stated in Yimou's audio commentary.

Most of the film was shot in Ukraine's Carpathian Mountains (the Hutsul Region National Park), such as the scenes in the snow or birch forests. The cast and production team spent 70 days on location from September to October 2003, and were largely based in Kosiv. The notable bamboo forest sequences were filmed in China. However, due to the early snowfall, the filmmakers opted to alter the script and certain sequences, rather than wait for the snow to thaw, as the leaves were still on the trees. Zhang Yimou later stated that despite the unpredictable weather forcing the alterations, he had achieved the desired effect in the scenery, and was happy with the final result.

Like its predecessor Hero, House of Flying Daggers uses wuxing colour theory, in both a deliberate and ironic manner.

Literary origins
The film features the theme of a beautiful woman who brings woe to two men. This theme is borrowed from a famous poem written by the Han dynasty poet Li Yannian (李延年):

，    .     ，     .        ..

Box office
House of Flying Daggers opened in North America on 3 December 2004 in 15 theatres. It grossed US$397,472 ($26,498 per screen) in its opening weekend. The film's total North American gross is $11,050,094. Afterwards, the film went on to earn at least 50% more in the United States home video market than at the theatrical box office.

The film made an additional $81,751,003 elsewhere in the world, bringing its total worldwide box-office gross to $92,801,097. It was also the third-highest-grossing foreign-language film in the North American market in 2004.

Critical reception
House of Flying Daggers debuted in May at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival to an enthusiastic reception. The film reportedly received a 20-minute standing ovation at its Cannes Film Festival premiere.

At film review aggregation website Metacritic, the film received an average score of 89 out of 100, based on 37 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 87%, based on reviews from 171 critics, and an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's critical consensus states: "The visual splendor of the movie makes up for the weak story". Metacritic also ranked the film at the end of the year as the fifth-best reviewed film of 2004.

Phil Hall of Film Threat wrote: "Quite simply, House of Flying Daggers is a film that sets several new standards for production and entertainment values. It is a wild riot of color, music, passion, action, mystery, pure old-fashioned thrills, and even dancing. With an endless supply of imagination and a kinetic force of nature in its amazing star Zhang Ziyi, House of Flying Daggers cuts all other films to shreds." Desson Thomas of The Washington Post praised the director Zhang Yimou's use of color in the film as "simply the best in the world", and described the film as: "the slow-motion trajectory of a small bean, hurled from a police captain's hand, is a spectacular thing. It's a stunning, moving image, like a hummingbird caught in action." While Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times praised the film by stating: "House of Flying Daggers finds the great Chinese director at his most romantic in this thrilling martial arts epic that involves a conflict between love and duty carried out to its fullest expression."

A. O. Scott of The New York Times described the film as: "A gorgeous entertainment, a feast of blood, passion, and silk brocade." The review also stated: "House of Flying Daggers for all its fire and beauty, may leave you a bit cold in the end." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film four out of four stars and states: "Forget about the plot, the characters, the intrigue, which are all splendid in House of Flying Daggers, and focus just on the visuals", and Ebert also states: "the film is so good to look at and listen to that, as with some operas, the story is almost beside the point, serving primarily to get us from one spectacular scene to another." House of Flying Daggers was placed at number 93 on Slant's best films of the 2000s. and ranked number 77 in Empire's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.

Home media
In the United Kingdom, the film was watched by 1.7 million viewers on Channel 4 in 2007, making it the year's most-watched foreign-language film on British television. It was later watched by 600,000 viewers on Channel 4 in 2009, again making it the year's most-watched foreign-language film on Channel 4. Combined, the film drew a million UK viewership on Channel 4 in 2007 and 2009.

Accolades

 * Won
 * Boston Film Critics
 * Best Cinematography (Zhao Xiaoding)
 * Best Director (Yimou Zhang)
 * Best Foreign Language Film (China/Hong Kong)
 * Los Angeles Film Critics
 * Best Foreign Language Film (China/Hong Kong)
 * Motion Picture Sound Editors
 * Best Sound Editing in Foreign Features
 * National Board of Review
 * Outstanding Production Design
 * National Society of Film Critics
 * Best Director (Yimou Zhang)
 * Best Cinematography (Zhao Xiaoding)
 * Satellite Awards
 * Best Cinematography (Zhao Xiaoding)
 * Best Visual Effects

 * Nominations
 * 24th Hong Kong Film Awards
 * Best Asian Film
 * Academy Awards
 * Best Cinematography (Zhao Xiaoding)
 * Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films
 * Best Actress (Zhang Ziyi)
 * Best Costumes (Emi Wada)
 * Best Director (Zhang Yimou)
 * Best Fantasy Film
 * BAFTA Awards
 * Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects (Angie Lam, Andy Brown, Kirsty Millar, and Luke Hetherington)
 * Best Cinematography (Zhao Xiaoding)
 * Best Costume Design (Emi Wada)
 * Best Editing (Long Cheng)
 * Best Film not in the English Language (William Kong and Zhang Yimou)
 * Best Make Up/Hair (Lee-na Kwan, Xiaohai Yang and Siu-Mui Chau)
 * Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Zhang Ziyi)
 * Best Production Design (Huo Tingxiao)
 * Best Sound (Tao Jing and Roger Savage)
 * Golden Eagle Awards
 * Best Foreign Language Film
 * London Film Critics Circle
 * Film of the Year
 * Director of the Year (Zhang Yimou)
 * Foreign language film of the year
 * Satellite Awards
 * Best Art Direction/Production Design (Zhong Han)
 * Best Costume Design (Emi Wada)
 * Best Film Editing (Long Cheng)
 * Best Motion Picture – Foreign Film (China)
 * Best Sound (Editing and Mixing) (Jing Tao)
 * Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
 * Best Foreign-Language Film
 * Online Film Critics Society Awards
 * Best Cinematography (Xiaoding Zhao)
 * Best Editing (Long Cheng)
 * Best Foreign Language Film (China)
 * European Film Awards
 * Best Non-European Film – Prix Screen International

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was produced and created by Shigeru Umebayashi, featuring vocals by Zhang Ziyi and Kathleen Battle. It was released in Hong Kong on 15 July 2004 by the film's production company and distributor Edko Films. The US version was released by Sony Music Entertainment on 7 December 2004.

 * 1) "Opening Title" – 0:58
 * 2) "Beauty Song" (佳人曲) – 2:32 (Zhang Ziyi)
 * 3) "The Echo Game" – 1:17
 * 4) The Peonyhouse – 1:22
 * 5) "Battle in the Forest" – 3:26
 * 6) "Taking Her Hand" – 1:14
 * 7) "Leo's Eyes" – 1:51
 * 8) "Lovers-Flower Garden" – 2:19
 * 9) "No Way Out" – 3:59
 * 10) "Lovers" – 1:54
 * 11) "Farewell No. 1" – 2:42
 * 12) "Bamboo Forest" – 2:36
 * 13) "Ambush in Ten Directions" (十面埋伏) – 2:01
 * 14) "Leo's Theme" – 2:36
 * 15) "Mei and Leo" – 3:06
 * 16) "The House of Flying Daggers" – 1:27
 * 17) "Lovers-Mei and Jin" – 4:21
 * 18) "Farewell No. 2" – 2:49
 * 19) "Until The End " – 2:55
 * 20) "Title Song Lovers" – 4:12 (Kathleen Battle)

title: House of Flying Daggers


text:
Talk:The Private Life of Henry VIII

Untitled
The Private Life of Henry the VIII is without a doubt one of the funniest movies I have ever seen. The movie is listed as a drama, so i'm not sure if it was made to be funny or just appears that way. I found the movie do be ridiculous, with many random pointless scenes done with over acting and silliness by King Henry. Many long pauses and much of the dialouge sounded like gibberish. I found this to be one of the funniest movies I have ever seen and would love to see this movie played on the sci-fi program Mystery Science Theater, which is a program where old movies are made fun of with added dialogue. I recommend this movie to anyone with a good sense of humor. -nate

Stub class, still missing cast section, needs developed and segregated plot & two other sections. SkierRMH 18:03, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Chicken eating
Am I right in thinking the association of eating chicken with the bare hands with Henry VIII (people saying things like "Don't worry about the knife and fork, I'll just eat it like Henry VIII") dates from this film? I wonder how that could be established or disproved. Perhaps someone can find an earlier reference. --Hugh7 (talk) 09:36, 18 October 2017 (UTC)

"Historical film"??

 * No way. This is a "pseudohistorical film", amusing but in no way genuinely historical. Whether ignoring Catherine of Aragon to breaking the fourth wall at the end of the film, this movie is not "historical". Revisionist, perhaps. Quis separabit?  15:53, 26 July 2015 (UTC)

Copyright status
I have deleted the link to the illicit hosting of this British film on Internet Archive. Director Alexander Korda did not die until 1956, so UK copyright subsists until the end of 2026. As a non-US film still under copyright in its country of origin on 1 January 1996, it is protected in the US for 95 years after publication, so to the end of 2028. Nick Cooper (talk) 22:11, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Note however that the following is stated on the Internet Movie Date Base:

 * "The failure of the original copyright holder to renew the film's copyright resulted in it falling into public domain, meaning that virtually anyone could duplicate and sell a VHS/DVD copy of the film. Therefore, many of the versions of this film available on the market are either severely (and usually badly) edited and/or of extremely poor quality, having been duped from second- or third-generation (or more) copies of the film." As stated on IMDb, there are indeed several DVDs of the movie on sale from different companies who have taken advantage of the film's 'public domain' status. Philipson55 (talk) 18:24, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

 * So what? The US copyright in the film was restored under GATT and it is now protected until the end of 2028. It is no longer public domain in the United States, and any copies produced after the restoration are illegal bootlegs, notwithstanding the fact that those produced before restoration were legitimate at the time. Any ongoing hosting by Internet Archive of the film is similarly a breach of the restored copyright. Nick Cooper (talk) 18:30, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:The Private Life of Henry VIII


text:
Talk:Address space

Repurposing
This shouldn't be just a redirect to IP address, should it? What about memory address spaces in computing? Keenanpepper 07:29, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * (This is now a real article. -- Beland 21:42, 28 November 2006 (UTC))

Harvard architecture
Someone asked in an HTML comment:
 * Is 3 storage areas merely a type of Harvard architecture, or does "Harvard" imply exactly 2 storage areas ?

 * Having separate address spaces for instruction and data memory is what (in my opinion) defines the Harvard architecture. Assuming that there is only one instruction memory address space (I can't think of a reason to have more than one), that still leaves the door open for more than one data address space.  This is common on digital signal processors, particularly thosed tuned to a specific purpose.  For example, a hypothetical DSP highly optimized for FFTs might benefit from four data address spaces, real sample data, imaginary sample data, real twiddle factors and imaginary twiddle factors.  So, my vote would be to call anything with one or more data address spaces distinct from the instruction address space Harvard.--GrahamDavies 13:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Harvard: flat or not?
This address space article currently claims:

 * Unfortunately, many early computers did not support a flat memory model -- in particular, Harvard architecture machines force program storage to be completely separate from data storage.

However, the (current version of) the flat memory model article contradicts that, saying that it is possible to have a Harvard architecture with a flat memory model, as long as it avoids segmentation and bank switching. I see that earlier versions of the "flat memory model" article say that Harvard architecture is by definition not a flat memory model.

Can we resolve this contradiction? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 04:46, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Diagram
Added links to two diagram from commons illustrating LBA addressing and Virtual Memory Mapping. Removed reqdiagram tag, although a diagram about IP addressing would probably be good too. Egmason (talk) 02:41, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I used that tag instead of starting a discussion here. My intention was to request/make a diagram about the abstract concept, not (prompt somebody) to search some stuff at the Commons. Certainly, I will remove these when true diagrams were made. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 04:43, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Address space