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USS Tarbell

USS Tarbell (DD–142) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the first ship named for Captain Joseph Tarbell.

Tarbell was laid down on 31 December 1917 at Philadelphia by William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company. The ship was launched on 28 May 1918, sponsored by Miss Virgie Tarbell, and commissioned on 27 November 1918, Commander Halsey Powell in command.

Service history
Tarbell operated along the eastern seaboard until September 1919, when she was reassigned to the Pacific Fleet. Based at San Francisco, she served with Destroyer Division 15, of Destroyer Flotilla 5 and Destroyer Squadron 4, until late January 1920 when she joined Division 13 of the same flotilla and squadron. In February, her home yard was changed to Cavite in the Philippines, and in March, the destroyer joined the Asiatic Fleet. Tarbell served on the Asiatic Station until mid-1921, when she returned to the Pacific Fleet with her home yard at Puget Sound. She operated with the Pacific Fleet until she was decommissioned on 8 June 1922 and berthed at San Diego, California.

On 29 May 1930, Tarbell was recommissioned and assigned to Destroyer Division 11, Destroyer Squadron 10, Destroyer Squadrons, Battle Fleet. Her home port was San Diego until January 1931, when it was changed to Charleston, South Carolina. However, she remained assigned to the same administrative organization until March, when she was reassigned to Destroyer Division 3 of the Scouting Force. Sometime between July and October 1934, the destroyer changed home ports back to San Diego, but remained a part of the Scouting Force Destroyers. Late in 1936, Tarbell returned to the east coast to prepare for her second decommissioning, this time at Philadelphia.

She remained there until after war broke out in Europe in September 1939. To keep the war out of the Americas, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued two Neutrality Acts on 5 September and ordered the Navy to form a Neutrality Patrol. A month later, on 4 October 1939, Tarbell was placed back in commission at Philadelphia. She operated in the Atlantic with the Neutrality Patrol for over two years before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor jolted the United States into the war.

World War II
Tarbell's duties remained much the same after the United States entered the conflict. The destroyer continued to escort convoys and perform antisubmarine work in the northern Atlantic. She shuttled merchant ships back and forth across the ocean and operated out of the east coast ports on rescue missions to pick up survivors of torpedoed ships.

One such rescue mission occurred on 26 March 1942. A Socony tanker, SS Dixie Arrow, was torpedoed off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Tarbell's lookouts sighted her distress flares a little before 0900. The destroyer rang up full speed; and, one-half hour later, she arrived at the scene of the attack. She dropped a depth charge barrage to drive off any U-boats lurking in the vicinity and then picked up 22 survivors. After a futile search for the enemy submarine, she disembarked the survivors at Morehead City, North Carolina.

In May 1942, the destroyer began helping in the surveillance of Vichy French warships in the Caribbean Sea. To assure that those French ships were not turned over to the Germans and that, in accordance with the Panama Declaration, there be no transfer of European possessions in America to any non-American power, she was assigned a patrol area around Pointe-à-Pitre, Grand Terre Island, Guadeloupe, and her specific charge was the old training cruiser Jeanne D'Arc.

Her rescue missions continued along with observation missions. On 16 May, she rescued 24 members of the crew of SS Lammont Dupont, torpedoed four days out of New York. On the evening of 25 May, when word reached her at San Juan, Puerto Rico of a U-boat attack on the destroyer USS Blakeley (DD-150), Tarbell got underway so rapidly that two of her officers and 13 crewmen were left behind in Puerto Rico. The following day, she picked up eight wounded Blakeley crewmen at Martinique, then participated in the search for the U-boat until the afternoon of 27 May. On 2 June, Tarbell rescued 19 survivors of SS Alegrete. Two days later, the destroyer sighted survivors of the sinking of SS M.F Elliot and brought them aboard, running her tally up to 31 men rescued on that mission.

Following additional escort duty in the Caribbean and in the Gulf of Mexico, Tarbell began screening transatlantic convoys in mid-May 1943. Her first voyage was in the escort of convoy UGS-9 which was augmented by the latest development in antisubmarine warfare (ASW)—an escort carrier. The convoy reached Casablanca safely on 15 June. Tarbell returned to the United States at New York, underwent repairs, and conducted training before joining another Casablanca-bound convoy in August. Upon her return to New York, the destroyer resumed local escort work until 22 October, when she departed New York in company with USS Croatan (CVE-25), USS Lea (DD-118), and USS Upshur (DD-144) to cover the passage of another convoy. The unit steamed via Bermuda, where it was joined by USS Albemarle (AV-5), and arrived at Casablanca on 3 November. Following a short voyage to Gibraltar, Tarbell headed back across the Atlantic on 10 November. The return convoy entered New York harbor on 21 November.

The following month brought an availability, refresher training, and time spent in training prospective crews for destroyer-type warships. On 26 December, she departed Norfolk in company with USS Mission Bay (CVE-59) and Destroyer Division 61 to cover convoy UGS-28 to North Africa, from there operating as a hunter/ killer group in the vicinity of the Azores. On 31 December, Lea was severely damaged in a collision, and Tarbell took her in tow for Bermuda. On 3 January 1944, the destroyer was relieved of her towing duties by USS Cherokee (AT-66) and USS Twiggs (DD-591) and caught up with the convoy at Horta in the Azores on the 7th.

After hunting submarines along the convoy routes, Tarbell's group reached Norfolk, on 7 February, and the destroyer set out for a 10-day availability at Boston. Following that, she was assigned to the Air Force, Atlantic Fleet (AirLant) for air crew training operations off Provincetown, Massachusetts. Relieved of that duty in April, she operated for a time in the screen of USS Ranger (CV-4) and USS Kasaan Bay (CVE-69). From then until July 1945, she alternated between carrier escort duty and target ship duty with AirLant. On 20 July 1945, Tarbell was placed out of commission at Philadelphia. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 13 August 1945, and she was sold for scrapping on 30 November 1945 to the Boston Metal Salvage Company, Baltimore, Maryland.

As of 2012, no other ship in the United States Navy has borne this name.

title: USS Tarbell


text:
Meireki

Meireki (明暦) was a Japanese era name (年号) of the Edo period, after the Jōō era and before Manji era. This era's period spanned the years from April 1655 to July 1658.

The reigning emperor was Go-Sai-tennō (後西院天皇).

Change of era

 * 1655 Meireki gannen (明暦元年): The era name was changed to mark the enthronement of Emperor Go-Sai. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Jōō 4, on the 13th day of the 4th month.

The source of the new era name was:
 * From the Book of Han: "With the Nine Chapters of the Great Law, the five eras will be known" (大法九章、而五紀明歴法)
 * From the Book of the Later Han: "The Yellow Emperor began the passing of time, so that is why the character 歴 [passing of time] and 暦 [rhythmic cycle] are used together" (黄帝造歴、歴与暦同作)

Events of the Meireki era

 * 1655 (Meireki 1): The new ambassador of Korea, arrived in Japan.
 * 1655 (Meireki 1): The ex-Emperor went for the first time to Shugakuin Rikyū.
 * March 2–3, 1657 (Meireki 3, 18th-19th days of the 1st month): The city of Edo was devastated by the Great Fire of Meireki.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Meireki


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Atlantis: Milo's Return

Atlantis: Milo's Return is a 2003 American animated anthology science fiction film, made of unused TV episodes, directed by Victor Cook, Toby Shelton, and Tad Stones. It is the sequel to Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001). The film received a direct-to-video release on May 20, 2003.

Originally, Disney was developing a sequel titled Shards of Chaos, but it was abandoned once The Lost Empire was less successful than anticipated. The released sequel consists of three segments, which are "Kraken", "Spirit of the West" and "Spear of Destiny". They were originally meant to be episodes of a series that was never completed called Team Atlantis. Some additional animation was done to link the stories more closely.

Cree Summer (Kida), Corey Burton (Mole), Don Novello (Vinny), Phil Morris (Dr. Sweet), Jacqueline Obradors (Audrey), John Mahoney (Mr. Whitmore), and Florence Stanley (Mrs. Packard) all reprise their roles from the first film, with James Arnold Taylor replacing Michael J. Fox as Milo and Steve Barr replacing Jim Varney, who died before the first film finished production, as Cookie. This is Stanley's final film; she died months after production ended.

Plot
After the decline in Atlantean culture following the sinking, Kida, now queen and married to Milo Thatch (after deciding to stay in Atlantis), are using the heart of Atlantis to restore the city's former glory. Milo's comrades and Mr. Whitmore arrive in Atlantis; while their arrival is unexpected, the Atlanteans welcome their old friends back into the city. Unfortunately, they have come to inform them of a mysterious creature causing trouble on the surface. Kida suspects that the creature might be Atlantean, stirring mixed feelings about her father's decision to keep the Crystal hidden.

They arrive in Trondheim, Norway and discover that the mysterious problem is actually the creature known as the Kraken, which had been attacking shipping freighters and taking their cargo to a cliffside village. At first they presume it to be an ancient Atlantean war machine gone rogue (like the Leviathan from the previous film), but they discover that the town magistrate, Edgar Volgud, seems to be controlling the Kraken. They soon learn, though, that the Kraken itself is the master, having made a deal with Volgud to preserve the life of the town and Edgar's lifespan in exchange for their souls. When they blow up the Kraken, Volgud's immortality ceases and he disintegrates, while the spirit of the village is restored.

All the while, Kida is learning about the outside world and is adapting well. However, she still feels guilty, as there could still be other Atlantean war machines in the world causing problems, like the Leviathan. Their next mystery is in the Southwestern United States, involving coyote spirits opposing them. They later find a hidden city in Arizona that contains Atlantean architecture, which Kida realizes is an abandoned Atlantean colony. Unfortunately, a very sly shop owner, Ashtin Carnaby, intends to pillage the place for its valuables, but the spirits then turn him into one of them. A mysterious man named Chakashi, who is a Native American wind spirit, trusts them with the knowledge of their sanctuary and informs Kida that she can choose Atlantis' destiny.

Returning home, the adventurers discover that one of Whitmore's old competitors, Erik Hellstrom, who, after the stock market crash sank his company, went insane believing he was Odin, the Norse king of the gods, broke in at night and stole one of Whitmore's possessions, an ancient spear called the Gungnir, an artifact of Atlantean origin. When they track him down in the frigid Nordic Mountains, he presumes Milo to be the God of Mischief, Loki, and Kida to be his long lost daughter, Brünnhilde. Then, "Odin" uses the spear to cast Milo, Mole, Vinny and Audrey out of "Asgard" before kidnapping Kida and dressing her in Norse clothing. He explains that his intentions are to end the world in Ragnarok, the prophesied apocalypse told in Norse mythology. He creates a lava beast and an ice beast to destroy the world, but well-placed explosives used by Vinny distract the monsters long enough for Kida to retrieve the spear and vanquish the beasts. During these escapades, Kida comes into a greater understanding of just how powerful the Atlantean Crystal is, and that she must choose between hiding it and sharing it with the rest of mankind.

Having retrieved the spear, Kida realizes her father was wrong to hide the Crystal from mankind. She combines the Spear with the Heart Crystal and lifts Atlantis above water. Fishermen are shocked at seeing the entire city rise before them. With Atlantis above the water for the first time in over 8,000 years, Mr. Whitmore narrates that from then on, the world was a better place.

Cast
A number of the original cast returned to voice their characters, however due to budgetary reasons, Michael J. Fox did not resume his role and was replaced by James Taylor as the voice of Milo. Additionally Steven Barr took over the role of Cookie in this film after Jim Varney died during production on the first film.
 * James Taylor as Milo
 * Cree Summer as Kida
 * John Mahoney as Whitmore
 * Jacqueline Obradors as Audrey
 * Don Novello as Vinny
 * Corey Burton as Mole
 * Phil Morris as Dr. Sweet
 * Florence Stanley as Packard
 * Frank Welker as Obby / Mantell
 * Steven Barr as Cookie
 * Clancy Brown as Volgud
 * Jean Gilpin as Inger
 * Kai Larsen as Seaman
 * Bill Fagerbakke as Sven
 * Tom Wilson as Carnaby
 * Floyd Westerman as Chakashi
 * Jeff Bennett as Sam McKeane
 * Morgan Sheppard as Erik Hellstrom

Reception
Empire magazine rated it 2 out of 5, and called it "Another soulless sequel from Disney." They describe the artwork as basic and economical, the Scooby Doo style stories as vapid, and the dialogue as terribly preachy and insufferably monotonous.

Unmade episodes
The series would have featured episodes with different legends incorporated, such as Puck, the Loch Ness Monster and the Terracotta Warriors.

James Arnold Taylor, who voices Milo, said that the show would have been either 18 or 24 episodes long.

The Last
One of the episodes of Team Atlantis that was never animated featured an appearance by Demona from Gargoyles. It introduced the hunter known as Fiona Canmore, known friend to Dr. Sweet. The episode would have Demona using the Praying Gargoyle statue to bring Gargoyle statues in Paris alive to kill the local humans.

Scripts and voice recording of the episode can be seen at The Gathering conventions. Marina Sirtis reprises her role as Demona, and Fiona Canmore is voiced by Sheena Easton. Greg Weisman, who wrote the episode, planned to use the story for the Gargoyles comic book series. He said if he is unable to use the Atlantis characters, then he will use analogs for the story.

Greg has mentioned that while the episode itself is canon in the Gargoyles universe, the entire series Team Atlantis is not. In fact, the Team Atlantis interpretations of the Loch Ness Monster and Puck differ from those seen in Gargoyles (notably, the Loch Ness Monster in Gargoyles actually is a surviving plesiosaur belonging to a colony, like the common depiction).

title: Atlantis: Milo's Return


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Mary Hallock Foote

Mary Hallock Foote (1847–1938) was an American author and illustrator. She is best known for her illustrated short stories and novels portraying life in the mining communities of the turn-of-the-century American West.

Overview
Mary Hallock was born November 9, 1847, in Milton, New York, of English Quaker ancestry. A singular girl and youth, she attended the Female Collegiate Seminary in Poughkeepsie, New York, then studied art in New York City at the new Cooper Institute School of Design for Women. By her early twenties she had become established in New York City as an accomplished artist-illustrator for notable publishers there.

In 1876 Hallock married a young mining engineer, Arthur De Wint Foote, then moved cross-continent to live with him at the New Almaden mine near San Jose, California. Subsequently, as Arthur pursued his engineering career, she followed him throughout the West: to Leadville, Colorado; to Deadwood, South Dakota; then to Boise, Idaho, where Arthur originated a major irrigation project on the Boise River; then to Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; and finally to Grass Valley, California, where Arthur advanced to managing the North Star mine, and retired there.

Arthur and Mary Foote were married nearly sixty years. In the early years of their marriage she gave birth to three children: a son, Arthur Burling Foote, and two daughters, Betty and Agnes.

Career
As a student Mary Hallock Foote befriended American artist Helena de Kay Gilder. The two maintained a very close friendship throughout their lives, shared a lengthy correspondence via letter, and used each other for critiquing their work. Mary Hallock Foote also benefitted from Gilder's husband Richard Watson Gilder, who commissioned her art while he was an editor for Scribner's Monthly. It was through the Gilders that Mary Hallock Foote was also introduced to a circle of fellow artists including, Mary L. Stone, Mary Birney, Maria Oakey, and several popular writers.

After departing her beloved East with great reluctance, Mary Hallock Foote found herself inspired by the "real West" country and the varying peoples she encountered there. She soon was drawing it, and writing and telling about it. Recording her travels, Foote wrote stories for 'back-East' readers as a correspondent to The Century Magazine and other periodicals, illustrating them with wood engravings made from her drawings. She wrote several novels and is best known for her stories of place, in which she portrayed the rough, picturesque life she experienced and observed in the old West, especially that in the early mining towns.

She was one of America's best-known women illustrators in the 1870s and 1880s. She illustrated stories and novels by other authors including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Louisa May Alcott, Bret Harte, and others. Foote exhibited her work at The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.

Mary Foote gained renown as a welcoming and sophisticated hostess to dignitaries and celebrities traveling through the environs of her (successive) homesteads in the West. After 1905, when she and her husband built North Star House (also known as Foote Mansion) and made permanent settlement in Grass Valley, California, she presided for some 30 years over many historic social and civic events there.

After her death, Foote fell into obscurity. Thirty-four years after her death, historian Rodman Paul's 1972 edition of Foote's unpublished memoir, A Victorian Gentlewoman in the Far West, helped to spur renewed interest in her life and work. However, her letters—which provide what amounts to a biography of her husband as well as her own autobiography—have never been published except as brief excerpts in various areas of research.

Death and legacy
Mary Hallock Foote died June 25, 1938, at age 90. Her legacy in American history is as a stalwart of the American Old West and a teller of its stories. Her work—the numerous stories for books and periodicals, with her drawings and woodcut illustrations; the correspondence from western outposts; her novels and nonfiction—gained her notice as a skilled observer of the frontier and an accomplished writer. Her life expressed the civilizing influence of the educated eastern gentlewoman on life in the chaotic mining and "ditch" camps (irrigation-project construction camps) of the early American West and, conversely, the stimulating effect of those "old West" environs on the prepared mind, that is, one educated for illustrating and telling the story.

Controversy
Wallace Stegner's novel Angle of Repose (Pulitzer Prize, 1972) is based directly upon Mary Hallock Foote's extensive personal correspondence. Stegner used the outline of her life ostensibly with permission from members of Foote's family—on proviso that he disguise the source, which, in his judgment, he did. After publication, however, some descendants objected to "the great liberties" taken by Stegner in using Foote's story. On the opposite hand, Stegner used passages taken directly from Foote's letters and her reminiscences without providing specific credit; this resulted in controversy that still today haunts his reputation within the literary community.

Andrew Imbrie wrote an opera based upon Stegner's novel, which was performed in San Francisco in 1976. A collection of prints by Foote is on permanent exhibit at the Boise Public Library.

Selected works

 * Led-Horse Claim: A Romance of a Mining Camp (1883)
 * In Exile and Other Stories (1894)
 * Coeur d'Alene (1894)
 * The Prodigal (1900)
 * The Desert and the Sown (1902)
 * A Touch of Sun and Other Stories (1903)
 * Royal Americans (1910)
 * The Valley Road (1915)
 * The Ground Swell (1919)
 * A Victorian Gentlewoman in the Far West The Reminiscences of Mary Hallock Foote, edited by Rodman W. Paul, ISBN 0-87328-057-1 (1972)
 * The Idaho Stories and Far-West Illustrations of Mary Hallock Foote, edited by Barbara Cragg, Dennis M. Walsh, and Mary Ellen Walsh. (1988)
 * The Little Fig-Tree Stories (1899)
 * The Desert and the Town (1902)
 * The Last Assembly Ball (1889)
 * A California Mining Camp (1878)
 * A Sea-Port on the Pacific (1878)
 * The Eleventh Hour (1906)
 * Pilgrims to Mecca (1899)
 * How the Pump Stopped at Morning Watch (1899)
 * A Diligence Journey in Mexico (1881)
 * From Morelia to Mexico City on Horseback (1882)
 * The Borrowed Shift (1898)

title: Mary Hallock Foote


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DFT matrix

In applied mathematics, a DFT matrix is an expression of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as a transformation matrix, which can be applied to a signal through matrix multiplication.

Definition
An N-point DFT is expressed as the multiplication $$X = W x$$, where $$x$$ is the original input signal, $$W$$ is the N-by-N square DFT matrix, and $$X$$ is the DFT of the signal.

The transformation matrix $$W$$ can be defined as $$W = \left(\frac{\omega^{jk}}\right)_{j,k=0,\ldots,N-1} $$, or equivalently:

W = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \begin{bmatrix} 1&1&1&1&\cdots &1 \\ 1&\omega&\omega^2&\omega^3&\cdots&\omega^{N-1} \\ 1&\omega^2&\omega^4&\omega^6&\cdots&\omega^{2(N-1)}\\ 1&\omega^3&\omega^6&\omega^9&\cdots&\omega^{3(N-1)}\\ \vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\ 1&\omega^{N-1}&\omega^{2(N-1)}&\omega^{3(N-1)}&\cdots&\omega^{(N-1)(N-1)} \end{bmatrix} $$,

where $$\omega = e^{-2\pi i/N}$$ is a primitive Nth root of unity in which $$i^2=-1$$. We can avoid writing large exponents for $$\omega$$ using the fact that for any exponent $$x$$ we have the identity $$\omega^{x} = \omega^{x \bmod N}.$$ This is the Vandermonde matrix for the roots of unity, up to the normalization factor. Note that the normalization factor in front of the sum ( $$1/\sqrt{N}$$ ) and the sign of the exponent in ω are merely conventions, and differ in some treatments. All of the following discussion applies regardless of the convention, with at most minor adjustments. The only important thing is that the forward and inverse transforms have opposite-sign exponents, and that the product of their normalization factors be 1/N. However, the $$1/\sqrt{N}$$ choice here makes the resulting DFT matrix unitary, which is convenient in many circumstances.

Fast Fourier transform algorithms utilize the symmetries of the matrix to reduce the time of multiplying a vector by this matrix, from the usual $$O(N^2)$$. Similar techniques can be applied for multiplications by matrices such as Hadamard matrix and the Walsh matrix.

Two-point
The two-point DFT is a simple case, in which the first entry is the DC (sum) and the second entry is the AC (difference).

 * $$W=

\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix} $$

The first row performs the sum, and the second row performs the difference.

The factor of $$1/\sqrt{2}$$ is to make the transform unitary (see below).

Four-point
The four-point clockwise DFT matrix is as follows:

W = \frac{1}{\sqrt{4}} \begin{bmatrix} \omega^0 & \omega^0  &\omega^0  &\omega^0 \\ \omega^0 & \omega^1  &\omega^2  &\omega^3  \\ \omega^0 & \omega^2  &\omega^4  &\omega^6  \\ \omega^0 & \omega^3  &\omega^6  &\omega^9  \\ \end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{4}} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 &  1 &  1\\ 1 & -i & -1 &  i\\ 1 & -1 & 1 & -1\\ 1 &  i & -1 & -i\end{bmatrix} $$ where $$\omega = e^{-\frac{2 \pi i}{4}} = -i$$.

Eight-point
The first non-trivial integer power of two case is for eight points:

 * $$W= \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}

\begin{bmatrix} \omega^0 & \omega^0  &\omega^0  &\omega^0  &\omega^0  &\omega^0  &\omega^0  & \omega^0 \\ \omega^0 & \omega^1  &\omega^2  &\omega^3  &\omega^4  &\omega^5  &\omega^6  & \omega^7 \\ \omega^0 & \omega^2  &\omega^4  &\omega^6  &\omega^8  &\omega^{10}  &\omega^{12}  & \omega^{14} \\ \omega^0 & \omega^3  &\omega^6  &\omega^9  &\omega^{12}  &\omega^{15}  &\omega^{18}  & \omega^{21} \\ \omega^0 & \omega^4  &\omega^8  &\omega^{12}  &\omega^{16}  &\omega^{20}  &\omega^{24}  & \omega^{28} \\ \omega^0 & \omega^5  &\omega^{10}  &\omega^{15}  &\omega^{20}  &\omega^{25}  &\omega^{30}  & \omega^{35} \\ \omega^0 & \omega^6  &\omega^{12}  &\omega^{18}  &\omega^{24}  &\omega^{30}  &\omega^{36}  & \omega^{42} \\ \omega^0 & \omega^7  &\omega^{14}  &\omega^{21}  &\omega^{28}  &\omega^{35}  &\omega^{42}  & \omega^{49} \\ \end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} \begin{bmatrix} 1 &1         &1   &1         &1   &1         &1   &1         \\ 1  &\omega    &-i  &-i\omega  &-1  &-\omega   &i   &i\omega   \\ 1 &-i        &-1  &i         &1   &-i        &-1  &i         \\ 1 &-i\omega  &i   &\omega    &-1  &i\omega   &-i  &-\omega   \\ 1 &-1        &1   &-1        &1   &-1        &1   &-1        \\ 1  &-\omega   &-i  &i\omega   &-1  &\omega    &i   &-i\omega  \\ 1 &i         &-1  &-i        &1   &i         &-1  &-i        \\ 1 &i\omega   &i   &-\omega   &-1  &-i\omega  &-i  &\omega    \\ \end{bmatrix} $$

where

 * $$\omega = e^{-\frac{2 \pi i}{8}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}$$

(Note that $$\omega^{8 + n} = \omega^{n}$$.)

Evaluating for the value of $$\omega$$, gives:

$$ W=\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\				1 & \frac{1-i}{\sqrt2} & -i & \frac{-1-i}{\sqrt2} & -1 & \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt2} & i & \frac{1+i}{\sqrt2} \\ 1 & -i & -1 & i & 1 & -i & -1 & i \\ 1 & \frac{-1-i}{\sqrt2} & i & \frac{1-i}{\sqrt2} & -1 & \frac{1+i}{\sqrt2} & -i & \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt2} \\ 1 & -1 & 1 & -1 & 1 & -1 & 1 & -1 \\				1 & \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt2} & -i & \frac{1+i}{\sqrt2} & -1 & \frac{1-i}{\sqrt2} & i & \frac{-1-i}{\sqrt2} \\ 1 & i & -1 & -i & 1 & i & -1 & -i \\ 1 & \frac{1+i}{\sqrt2} & i & \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt2} &-1 & \frac{-1-i}{\sqrt2} & -i & \frac{1-i}{\sqrt2} \\ \end{bmatrix} $$

The following image depicts the DFT as a matrix multiplication, with elements of the matrix depicted by samples of complex exponentials:

The real part (cosine wave) is denoted by a solid line, and the imaginary part (sine wave) by a dashed line.

The top row is all ones (scaled by $$1/\sqrt{8}$$ for unitarity), so it "measures" the DC component in the input signal. The next row is eight samples of negative one cycle of a complex exponential, i.e., a signal with a fractional frequency of −1/8, so it "measures" how much "strength" there is at fractional frequency +1/8 in the signal. Recall that a matched filter compares the signal with a time reversed version of whatever we're looking for, so when we're looking for fracfreq. 1/8 we compare with fracfreq. −1/8 so that is why this row is a negative frequency. The next row is negative two cycles of a complex exponential, sampled in eight places, so it has a fractional frequency of −1/4, and thus "measures" the extent to which the signal has a fractional frequency of +1/4.

The following summarizes how the 8-point DFT works, row by row, in terms of fractional frequency:

 * 0     measures how much DC is in the signal
 * −1/8  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +1/8
 * −1/4  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +1/4
 * −3/8  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +3/8
 * −1/2  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +1/2
 * −5/8  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +5/8
 * −3/4  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +3/4
 * −7/8  measures how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of +7/8

Equivalently the last row can be said to have a fractional frequency of +1/8 and thus measure how much of the signal has a fractional frequency of −1/8. In this way, it could be said that the top rows of the matrix "measure" positive frequency content in the signal and the bottom rows measure negative frequency component in the signal.

Unitary transform
The DFT is (or can be, through appropriate selection of scaling) a unitary transform, i.e., one that preserves energy. The appropriate choice of scaling to achieve unitarity is $$1/\sqrt{N}$$, so that the energy in the physical domain will be the same as the energy in the Fourier domain, i.e., to satisfy Parseval's theorem. (Other, non-unitary, scalings, are also commonly used for computational convenience; e.g., the convolution theorem takes on a slightly simpler form with the scaling shown in the discrete Fourier transform article.)

Other properties
For other properties of the DFT matrix, including its eigenvalues, connection to convolutions, applications, and so on, see the discrete Fourier transform article.

A limiting case: The Fourier operator
The notion of a Fourier transform is readily generalized. One such formal generalization of the N-point DFT can be imagined by taking N arbitrarily large. In the limit, the rigorous mathematical machinery treats such linear operators as so-called integral transforms. In this case, if we make a very large matrix with complex exponentials in the rows (i.e., cosine real parts and sine imaginary parts), and increase the resolution without bound, we approach the kernel of the Fredholm integral equation of the 2nd kind, namely the Fourier operator that defines the continuous Fourier transform. A rectangular portion of this continuous Fourier operator can be displayed as an image, analogous to the DFT matrix, as shown at right, where greyscale pixel value denotes numerical quantity.

title: DFT matrix


text:
Villavicencio

Villavicencio is a city and municipality in Colombia. The capital of Meta Department, it was founded on April 6, 1840. The municipality had a population of 531,275 in 2018. The city is located at 4°08'N, 73°40'W, 75 km (about 45 mi) southeast of the Colombian capital city of Bogotá (DC) by the Guatiquía River. It is the most important commercial center in the Llanos Orientales (Eastern plains) of Colombia.

Villavicencio has a hot and very wet climate, with average daily temperatures ranging from 21 to 30 °C and an annual rainfall of around 4500 mm. It is affectionately called "Villavo" la bella. Villavicencio lies on the great Colombian-Venezuelan plain called the Llanos, situated to the east of the Andes mountains. Villavicencio is also called "La Puerta al Llano", or "The Gateway to the Plains", due to its location on the historical path from the Colombian interior to the vast savannas that lie between the Andes range and the Amazon rainforest.

Villavicencio's proximity to huge mountains and great plains make the city an example of Colombia's geodiversity. Because it is located in the foothills of the Andes, the morning and evening breezes cool the city, which is very hot for most of the day.

History
The German Conquistador Nikolaus Federmann reached the altiplano of Bogotá in 1536 by approaching it from the plains of Venezuela, a large unsettled area that is formed by the Orinoco basin. However, the vast area of these plains remained unexplored and uncolonized for the next 300 years. Colombia was settled along the mountainous folds of the Magdalena and Cauca valleys, and its commerce with the outside world was oriented towards the Caribbean Sea, thus, because of its mountainous barriers, the extreme heat, and inhospitable climate, the Llanos remained forgotten and unsettled for many decades.

The Llaneros, the inhabitants of the plains, are fierce horsemen who first fought for the Spanish royalists and then for the Venezuelan and Colombian rebels during the War of Independence. During independence, they crossed the Cordillera Oriental with Simón Bolívar, and surprised the royalist army on the plains of Boyaca on the 6th of August, 1819, which cleared the way for the taking of an abandoned Santa Fe de Bogotá the next week.

In the 1840s, some farmers from Caqueza, a town on the eastern folds of Bogotá, started the modest settlement of Gramalote, which would officially become the parish of Villavicencio in 1855. The parish was named for Antonio Villavicencio, a patriot in the Colombian war of independence. Vaccines, a mule road, and the availability of vast areas of free land, drove new colonizers to continue the settlement of Villavicencio. As the roads improved the access to the Llanos, the farmers could send their produce and cattle to the markets of Bogotá.

In 1948, large landowners expelled many farmers out of their lands across the country, explained in part by the momentum of the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, a popular Liberal politician. The Llaneros resisted by driving the army out of population centers. The guerrillas never took Villavicencio, but they brought the fighting to the military base of Apiay. As the fighting between the government and the Llanero guerrillas was out of control, a military coup in June 1953, took Gustavo Rojas Pinilla to power who immediately negotiated a cease fire and amnesty for the insurgents.

1948–present
Villavicencio has grown from a small settlement of no more than 20 people in the 1850s to a settlement of over 500,000 inhabitants in 2018. A new road of bridges and tunnels has shortened the driving time to Bogotá from two or three hours, depending on the season of the year, to one and half hours to move the oil, cattle, and agricultural products faster.

Geography
The city is located in the Orinoquia region, where the Oriental Plains begin. Most of the city's land is flat ground draining away from the Andes. The Guatiquia borders the city to the north and east. Caqueza and Chipaque are located northwest of Villavicencio. A true portal to the Llanos, the roads south of Villavicencio lead to Acacias and San Martin, the first historical town of the Llanos, which was an early Jesuit settlement. East of Villavo they point towards Apiay, Puerto Lopez and the fluvial port of Orocue on the Meta river, a strong affluent of the Orinoco.

Hydrography
Villavicencio, capital of the Department of Meta, lies on the slopes of the Eastern Cordillera a few blocks from the mighty Guatiquía River, surrounded by streams and creeks such as the Parrado and Gramalote, the Ocoa to the east and the Negro and Guayuriba rivers to the south. Among the main tributaries that irrigate the jurisdiction of Villavicencio are the Guatiquía, Guayuriba, Negro and Ocoa rivers.

Climate
Villavicencio has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af). The climate is hot and sometimes humid, though its proximity to the foothills of the Oriental Andes brings mild breezes to the city at nightfall. Average temperature is 25.6 C. Although January is almost dry enough for tropical monsoon (Am) classification, the other eleven months all receive over 130 mm of rain, and for eight months from April to November monthly rainfall consistently exceeds 400 mm.

Economy
In recent years the city has achieved an economic development strengthened by the trade sector, thanks to the dynamics generated by the roads that channel to the interior and the center of the country the agricultural and agro-industrial industry of the Llano, as well as the products entering the region from different parts of Colombia. Construction activity is very important. Gas and oil exploitation in the Apiay field are part of the region's mining activity. Cattle, agriculture, and the exportation of crude oil fuel the Villavicencio economy. Imports from the surrounding area include coffee, bananas, and rice.

La Vanguardia Airport serves Villavicencio with flights to the rest of Colombia on four airlines, including Colombian major airlines Avianca and Latam Colombia.

Villavicencio continues to be the main collection and supply center for the municipalities of Villavicencio and the municipalities of the Colombian Orinoco region, as well as the main oil and gas-producing municipality; however, most of the jobs are being generated in commercial and service activities, that is, in non-productive and non-tradable sectors. Large constructions, roads, financial resources, and tourism revolve around these commercial dynamics and services. This means that the department's contribution to the National GDP is less than 2%, a figure that has been maintained over the last 49 years, that is, from 1960 to 2009.

Education
The city of Villavicencio has a network of public and private institutions that provide and guarantee the right to education at the primary, secondary, technical, and higher education levels. As the hub city of the Eastern Plains, Villavicencio is the main urban university center of the region to which young people from neighboring departments come.
 * University of the Llanos is a public university located within Villavicencio. Other higher education institutions include Cooperative University of Colombia, Saint Thomas Aquinas University, Saint Martin University, Uniminuto, UAN.
 * Universidad Santo Tomás Offers presential programs, and more than 22 programs in open and distance mode (VUAD), among which are: International Business, Agricultural Business Administration, Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Psychology, Law and Public Accounting. It has High-Quality Institutional Accreditation Res. 01456/29/01/2016.
 * Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia: The Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia is an institution of Higher Education founded in 1958, socially owned, which by its origin and organization belongs to the Solidarity Economy sector. It has branches in other cities of the country.
 * Unimeta: It has 14 undergraduate programs, 25 specializations, 23 diploma courses, and several extension courses.
 * Minuto de Dios University offers the following degree programs and free courses: Social Communication-Journalism, Business Administration, Computer Technology, Graphic Communication Technology, among free courses in Basic Computer Science and Basic Programming.

Sports
The city has a football (soccer) team, the Llaneros fútbol club, which plays in Colombia's second division.

The Colombian Football Federation announced that Villavicencio was to have been one of the venue cities to host the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup, however it was replaced by Medellín.

Sports facilities

 * 1) Estadio Manuel Calle Lombana
 * 2) Estadio La Esperanza
 * 3) Coliseo Álvaro Mesa Amaya
 * 4) Coliseo La Grama
 * 5) COFREM

Tourism
Villavicencio's tourism activity has been the result of progress in commercial activity and services; in other words, its growth depends on commercial dynamics, the services provided, and the efforts of municipal and departmental administrations. Tourism is carried out in both urban and rural areas (corregimientos) and has grown in both sectors. Due to the growing interest in tourism in the region, the highways have been modernized and improved, shortening the driving time and distance to the capital Bogotá. As a result, Villavicencio and other adjacent municipalities (Acacías, Cubarral, Cumaral, Restrepo, Puerto Lopéz, Puerto Gaitán, Cáqueza) are growing in popularity as tourist destinations. In preparation to meet this demand, tourism development plans and strategies are implemented by the departmental and municipal governments, as well as the Cotelco branch. In relation to physical infrastructure, the city has an acceptable hotel inventory, as well as agro-tourism properties.

Monuments

 * Cristo Rey: This cultural heritage site is located on El Redentor hill, with a height of approximately 30 meters and with the figure of Christ the King, which with his arms outstretched to the sides and looking at the city, symbolizes protection, a cry for peace in times of violence that the territory lived in the 50s.

 * Los Ocarros Biopark: Located on the road leading to Restrepo and Cumaral, around the lake formed by the waters of the Vanguardia stream and as a gateway to the nature reserve of the same name. It is the only zoological institution in the country dedicated exclusively to the preservation of regional natural wealth, which brings together the biodiversity of fauna, flora, and ecosystems of the Colombian Orinoco region. Exclusively flora and fauna of the region, highlighting the serpentarium, the giant armadillos or ocarros, the Orinoco caiman, and the spectacled bear.

Festival
Villavicencio is the capital of the Llanos Orientales and celebrates its anniversary every April 6 to pay tribute to its history and culture. This is an event where the city attracts much more tourism as artistic events such as concerts, parades, fairs, as well as sports competitions and fireworks are held. All activities are free and all are welcome to attend.

Concurso mundial de la Mujer Vaquera Occurring annually in Las Malocas Park, participants demonstrate their skills in llano work and rodeo, and where llanera music is also performed by top musicians of this Colombian-Venezuelan genre. This event is in March, Women's Month and lasts three days, it is dedicated to exalting the skills of the llanera women and also summons other sportswomen from other countries. The llanera women compete in different events such as milking, agility and dexterity in horse riding, saddling, and rein handling.

International Joropo Tournament (Villavicencio):

The International Joropo Tournament is the most important cultural and artistic event in the region of Meta. It is held in the first week of July and lasts 5 days. As part of this event, the anniversary of the department is also celebrated. Highlights of the event include the international joropo beauty pageant, competitions such as voice passage, contrapunteo, best artist, best maraquero, best harpist, unpublished voice and unpublished song. The so-called Joropódromo is held in the streets of Villavicencio where more than 3,000 couples gather to dance the joropo dance, a traditional dance of the region.

The periodistas Park
It was previously named Infantilpark. It is a landmark of the foundation of the city, which occurred around 1842. The park is surrounded by a group of colorful houses from the 19th century, by restaurant and cafes and by trees that lavish shadow and freshness.

The Hacha Park
The actual name of this central park is Jose Eustacio Rivera, but people in Villavicencio call it Hacha Park because of the monument that presides it. The place pays tribute to the author of The Vortex, while the ax refers to the early settlers that used this tool to open the trails in Meta and change the land.

Los Centauros Plaza
It is located in the center of Villavicencio and surrounded by leafy trees, is a pleasant walking area. It takes its name from the sculpture made by the artist Patricia Vilduvieso and Luis Enrique Ballen. The art piece pays a tribute to the plains cowboys who is totally assimilated with his horse.

Culture
Villavicencio shares the condition of land of immigrants with the region of the Eastern Plains of Colombia; from its foundation to the present, people from the interior of the country and the coasts have sought and found in the city the conditions and the receptivity to establish themselves; At the same time, they have contributed to forge a mestizo culture in which, nevertheless, they struggle to impose a stronger relationship with the region, a bond of identity with the llanera culture. Mamona, coleo, cockfighting, joropo, dance, legends, myth, the renewed and popularized use of the poncho, among others are currently struggling not to disappear before the thrust of urban or modern life. Folklore is made up of the traditional customs of the people.

Gastronomy
In Villavicencio the typical dishes are in turn representative of the gastronomy of the Eastern Plains.

Carne a la Llanera (mamona or veal)
Veal roasted in wood and marinated only with salt and beer. It is served with cassava, potatoes, and plantains; optionally it is accompanied by a stew or sauce based on chili and a beer or lemonade based on panela. In the city, there is a wide variety of restaurants and grills that offer several typical dishes of the region. This dish is also known as Mamona or Ternera a la Llanera, due to the fact that it uses veal, which is slaughtered when the cow is still suckling. This is the most representative dish of the Llanos region, in such a way that it can be found in other parts of the country. The citizen who is living in Villavicencio is used to cook of meat during festivals and parties. It is common for Villavicences to eat this kind of meat in Joropodromo, at birthday parties, meetings.

Arepas and breads
Rice arepas, rice bread, cassava bread, corn and corn wrapped, tungos, fish dish, three-phase sancocho, pâté broth, minced soup, pajarilla broth.

Rice bread
The rice bread is a snack made with rice and curd which is currently carrying a special safeguard plan before the Ministry of Culture of Colombia and also through the Association of bread producers and marketers of Rice Meta ( ASPAMET) with the help of the Chamber of Commerce of Villavicencio, are promoting the product to aspire to have a designation of origin before the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce of Colombia, rice bread is an important link in the cuisine of Villavicencio, currently is the municipality where this food is sold the most locally, nationally and internationally, the most traditional bakery and former rice bread producer is Rosquipan since 1990.

Drinks
Guarulo, Masato, Lemonade with panela, Guarapo de Piña and the coffee cerrero. In addition to the typical liquors such as Aguardiente Llanero and Ron San Martín Añejo.

Notable people

 * Cato Manuel Lizaraso Ekrene, film director
 * Carolina Gaitán, Colombian television actress
 * William Pulido, former professional cyclist
 * Óscar Ruiz, former football referee and lawyer
 * Nathalia Sánchez, gymnast

title: Villavicencio


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Anglia knight

The Anglia knight is a sterling silver trophy commissioned by William III of the Netherlands in 1850 for the Falcon Club, a society that met once a year to compete in horse races, falconry and other sports. The trophy weighs over 700 troy ounces (22 kg, 48 lbs) and is modelled on the statue of Richard I outside the Palace of Westminster, but was intended to represent the Black Prince.

Arguably its most famous use was as the symbol of Anglia Television, the ITV station for the East of England, from launch in 1959 until 1988. Shortly before the station's launch, its chairman, Lord Townshend, had spotted the trophy at the Bond Street jewellers, Asprey, and purchased it almost on impulse; Asprey subsequently added the "Anglia" pennon to the lance.

The silver statue was Anglia's original ident. At the end, the camera zoomed in on the pennon which showed the station's name. An arrangement by Malcolm Sargent, of Handel's Water Music was played over the film. The logo became so closely identified with the station that when Anglia produced a book to mark its fortieth anniversary in 1999, it was entitled A Knight On The Box. With the introduction of colour television on ITV in November 1969 (although not in the Anglia region until October 1970), the ident was remade with constant lighting, and the knight rotating on a turntable – a longer version of the ident was used at the start of the day's transmission until the mid 1980s.

On 21 March 1988, the knight was replaced by a new identity. It made brief reappearances in 1999 and 2009 to celebrate Anglia's 40th and 50th anniversaries.

The trophy is usually displayed at ITV Anglia reception at Anglia House in Norwich. It was on loan to the Museum of Norwich at the Bridewell until 5 October 2019 as part of an exhibition celebrating life in Norwich in 1959.

The logo for Anglian Home Improvements also depicts a knight on horseback.

title: Anglia knight


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First United Indonesia Cabinet

The First United Indonesia Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu I), formerly the United Indonesia Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu), was the official name of the presidential cabinet of Indonesia, led by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono during his first period in office from 2004 until 2009. It consisted of ministers, secretaries and an attorney general. They were sworn in on 21 October 2004 for a term of office until 2009. The cabinet was reshuffled twice, on 7 December 2005 and 9 May 2007.

Cabinet lineup
Lineup of the United Indonesia Cabinet when it was created (21 October 2004), the first reshuffle (7 December 2005), and the second reshuffle (9 May 2007):

{| class="wikitable" border="1" ! rowspan=2 | Position || colspan=3 | Effective ! 21 October 2004 || Reshuffle I: 7 December 2005 || Reshuffle II: 9 May 2007
 * - bgcolor=LightGrey
 * - bgcolor=LightGrey
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |

Coordinating ministers

 * Coordinating Minister for Legal, Political and Security Affairs
 * colspan=3|Widodo A. S.
 * Coordinating Minister for the Economy
 * Aburizal Bakrie
 * bgcolor=LightYellow | Boediono
 * |Boediono Sri Mulyani (acting)
 * Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare
 * Alwi Shihab
 * bgcolor=LightYellow colspan=2| Aburizal Bakrie
 * State Secretary Minister
 * colspan=2|Yusril Ihza Mahendra
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Hatta Rajasa
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |
 * colspan=2|Yusril Ihza Mahendra
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Hatta Rajasa
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |

Departmental ministers

 * Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * colspan=3|Hassan Wirajuda
 * Minister of Home Affairs
 * colspan=2|M. Ma'ruf
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Mardiyanto (29-08-2007)
 * Minister of Defense
 * colspan=3|Juwono Sudarsono
 * Minister of Law and Human Rights
 * colspan=2|Hamid Awaluddin
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Andi Mattalata
 * Minister of Trade
 * colspan=3|Mari Elka Pangestu
 * Minister of Industry
 * Andung Nitimihardja
 * bgcolor=LightYellow colspan=2 | Fahmi Idris
 * Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
 * colspan=3|Purnomo Yusgiantoro
 * Minister of Finance
 * Jusuf Anwar
 * bgcolor=LightYellow colspan=2| Sri Mulyani
 * Minister of Forestry
 * colspan=3|M. S. Kaban
 * Minister of Agriculture
 * colspan=3|Anton Apriantono
 * Minister of Health
 * colspan=3| Siti Fadilah Supari
 * Minister of Public Works
 * colspan=3|Djoko Kirmanto
 * Minister of Social Services
 * colspan=3|Bachtiar Chamsyah
 * Minister of National Education
 * Minister of Agriculture
 * colspan=3|Anton Apriantono
 * Minister of Health
 * colspan=3| Siti Fadilah Supari
 * Minister of Public Works
 * colspan=3|Djoko Kirmanto
 * Minister of Social Services
 * colspan=3|Bachtiar Chamsyah
 * Minister of National Education
 * Minister of Social Services
 * colspan=3|Bachtiar Chamsyah
 * Minister of National Education
 * Minister of National Education
 * Minister of National Education

 * colspan=3|Bambang Sudibyo
 * Minister of Religious Affairs
 * colspan=3|M. Maftuh Basyuni
 * Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
 * colspan=3|Freddy Numberi
 * Minister of Transportation
 * colspan=2|Hatta Rajasa
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Jusman Syafii Djamal
 * Minister of Labor and Transmigration
 * Fahmi Idris
 * bgcolor=LightYellow colspan=2| Erman Suparno
 * Minister of Culture and Tourism
 * colspan=3|Jero Wacik
 * Minister of Communication and Information
 * colspan=2|Sofyan Djalil
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Mohammad Nuh
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |
 * Minister of Communication and Information
 * colspan=2|Sofyan Djalil
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Mohammad Nuh
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |
 * colspan=4 |

State ministers
of the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)
 * State Minister for Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises
 * colspan=3|Suryadharma Ali
 * State Minister of Environment (Indonesia)|State Minister of Environment
 * colspan=3|Rachmat Witoelar
 * State Minister for Research and Technology
 * colspan=3| Kusmayanto Kadiman
 * State Minister for State Apparatus Utilization
 * colspan=3|Taufik Effendy
 * State Minister for Women's Empowerment
 * colspan=3|Meuthia Hatta Swasono
 * State Minister for Acceleration of Development in Underdeveloped Regions
 * colspan=2|Saifullah Yusuf
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Mohammad Lukman Edy
 * State Minister for Youth and Sports Affairs
 * colspan=3|Adhyaksa Dault
 * State Minister for State Enterprises
 * colspan=2|Sugiharto
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Sofyan Djalil
 * State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson
 * State Minister for Youth and Sports Affairs
 * colspan=3|Adhyaksa Dault
 * State Minister for State Enterprises
 * colspan=2|Sugiharto
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Sofyan Djalil
 * State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Sofyan Djalil
 * State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson
 * State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson
 * Sri Mulyani
 * bgcolor=LightYellow colspan=2| Paskah Suzetta
 * State Minister for Public Housing
 * colspan=3|Muhammad Yusuf Asy'ari
 * - bgcolor=MintCream
 * colspan=4 |
 * colspan=4 |

Non-ministerial posts

 * Attorney General
 * colspan=2|Abdul Rahman Saleh
 * bgcolor=LightGreen | Hendarman Supandji
 * Cabinet Secretary
 * colspan=3|Sudi Silalahi
 * Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces
 * Air Chief Marshal Djoko Suyanto
 * Air Chief Marshal Djoko Suyanto
 * General Djoko Santoso
 * Chief of the Indonesian National Police
 * General Sutanto
 * General Sutanto
 * General Bambang Hendarso Danuri
 * Governor of the Bank of Indonesia
 * Burhanuddin Abdullah
 * Burhanuddin Abdullah
 * BoedionoDarmin Nasution (acting)
 * }
 * Governor of the Bank of Indonesia
 * Burhanuddin Abdullah
 * Burhanuddin Abdullah
 * BoedionoDarmin Nasution (acting)
 * }

Reshuffles
The first reshuffle, announced on 7 December 2007 resulted in the following changes:

 * {| class="wikitable" border="1"

 * - valign=top
 * width=30% |
 * Three new ministers:
 * Boediono (Coordinating Minister for the Economy)
 * Paskah Suzetta (State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson of the National Development Planning Agency)
 * Erman Soeparno (Minister of Labor and Transmigration)
 * width=30% |
 * Three ministers that were rotated to a different office:
 * Aburizal Bakrie (Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare, previously Coordinating Minister for the Economy)
 * Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Minister of Finance, previously State Minister for National Development Planning and Chairperson of the National Development Planning Agency)
 * Fahmi Idris (Minister of Industry, previously Minister of Labor and Transmigration)
 * width=30% |
 * Three ministers that were relieved from the cabinet:
 * Jusuf Anwar (Minister of Finance)
 * Andung Nitimihardja (Minister of Industry)
 * Alwi Shihab (Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare)
 * }

The second reshuffle, announced on 7 May 2007, changed some of ministers of the cabinet. The changes are:

 * {| class="wikitable" border="1"

 * - valign=top
 * width=30% |
 * Five new ministers:
 * Andi Mattalata (Minister of Law and Human Rights)
 * Mohammad Lukman Edy (State Minister for Acceleration of Development in Backwards Regions)
 * Jusman Syafii Djamal (Minister of Transportation)
 * Mohammad Nuh (Minister of Information and Communication)
 * Hendarman Supandji (Attorney General)
 * width=30% |
 * Two ministers that were rotated to a different office:
 * Hatta Rajasa (State Secretary, previously Minister of Transportation)
 * Sofyan Djalil (State Minister of State Enterprises, previously Minister of Information and Communication)
 * width=30% |
 * Five ministers that were relieved from the cabinet:
 * Hamid Awaluddin (Minister of Law and Human Rights)
 * Soegiharto (State Minister of State Enterprises)
 * Yusril Ihza Mahendra (State Secretary)
 * Saifullah Yusuf (State Minister for Acceleration of Development in Backwards Regions)
 * Abdul Rahman Saleh (Attorney General)
 * }

Later changes

 * Boediono was replaced by Sri Mulyani Indrawati as Coordinating Minister for Economics due to Boediono's appointment for the Governor of the Bank of Indonesia in May 2008.
 * Maj. Gen. (ret.) Mardiyanto replaced Lt. Gen. (ret.) M. Ma'ruf as Minister of Interior Affairs in August 2007 after Ma'ruf suffered a stroke and heart attack in March.

title: First United Indonesia Cabinet


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Squalicorax

Squalicorax, commonly known as the crow shark, is a genus of extinct lamniform shark known to have lived during the Cretaceous period. The genus had a global distribution in the Late Cretaceous epoch. Multiple species within this genus are considered to be wastebasket taxon due to morphological similarities in the teeth.

Etymology
The name Squalicorax is derived from the Latin squalus for shark and the Greek κόραξ, "korax" for raven.

Description
Squalicorax was a medium-sized shark, typically measuring about 1.8 - 3 m long. The largest specimen of S. pristodontus, SDSM 47683, was signigicantly larger, measuring up to 4.8 m long.

Their bodies were similar to the modern gray reef sharks, but the shape of the teeth is strikingly similar to that of a tiger shark. The teeth are numerous, relatively small, with a curved crown and serrated, up to 2.5 – 3 cm in height. Large numbers of fossil teeth have been found in Europe, North Africa, and North America. Squalicorax is one of three Cretaceous lamniformes to garner serrations along with Pseudocorax and Galeocorax.

Squalicorax was a coastal predator, but also scavenged as evidenced by a Squalicorax tooth found embedded in the metatarsal (foot) bone of a terrestrial hadrosaurid dinosaur that most likely died on land and ended up in the water. Other food sources included turtles, mosasaurs, ichthyodectids, and other bony fishes and sea creatures. Tooth marks from this shark have also been found on the bones of Pteranodon, but whether the shark actively snatched such large pterosaurs out of the air, attacked them as they dove after prey, or was simply scavenging is not known.

Description of selected species

The following are the best studied American species for which relatively complete skeletons are described:
 * Squalicorax falcatus (Agassiz, 1843) – is a medium-sized shark with a broad snout and relatively small teeth. Its length reached almost 3 m. It lived during the Cenomanian to early Santonian (Campanian). Complete skeletons are known from sediments of the Western Inland Sea of the Cretaceous in Kansas, South Dakota, and Wyoming, all in the USA. The teeth are also found in France, the Czech Republic, Canada, and Morocco. Given the small teeth, this species is considered a hunter of small prey. However, teeth marks on the bones of marine reptiles are evidence that these shark also fed on carrion. The body shape and structure of the trunk placoid scales indicate the ability to swim quickly. A fully articulated 1.9-m long fossil skeleton of Squalicorax falcatus has been found in Kansas, evidence of its presence in the Western Interior Seaway.
 * Squalicorax kaupi (Agassiz, 1843) is from the late Santonian to the late Maastrichtian of North America, New Zealand, Japan, Africa, Europe, Kazakhstan, Jordan. and other places. It was slightly larger than the preceding species, of which it was probably an ancestor.
 * Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843) is the largest species, exceeding 3 m in length. From the size of its largest known teeth, it can be estimated that S. pristodontus grew to 4.8 m in length. It lived during the late Campanian to early Maastrichtian of North America, France, the Netherlands, Egypt, Morocco, and Madagascar. The relatively complete remains (vertebrae and fragments of jaws) have been found in marine sediments in North America. It is the species with the largest teeth, these teeth being loosely spaced and relatively very large in comparison with other species. In this genus of sharks, studies have shown no precise correlation between the size of the teeth and the length of the body. They could eat relatively large prey and carrion.
 * Squalicorax volgensis - the oldest species of the genus, from the Early Cretaceous of the Volga – has been described by L. Glickman et al. in 1971. The teeth of this species had virtually no serration. They are known from the Albian to the Turonian Age in Eastern and Western Europe, as well as Texas.

The world's largest and most complete semiarticulated fossil of Squalicorax was found in 2014 in stores of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre in Morden, Manitoba, in Canada, where it is now displayed. It measures more than 3 m in length.

title: Squalicorax


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Democracy 21

Democracy 21 is a non-profit organization in the United States that aims to combat the influence of private money in politics by enacting campaign finance reform. It was founded in 1997 by longtime activist Fred Wertheimer. The organization supports stricter campaign finance limits and regulations and opposes the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. FEC.

title: Democracy 21


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Ngawang Namgyal

Ngawang Namgyal (1594–1651), known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan Buddhist Drukpa Kagyu school Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. He was later granted the honorific title Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits") (alternate spellings include Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel). In addition to unifying the various warring fiefdoms for the first time in the 1630s, he also sought to create a distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate from the Tibetan culture from which it was derived.

Birth and enthronement at Ralung
Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was born at Ralung Monastery, Tibet as the son of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage-holder Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (, 1567–1619), and  Sönam Pelgyi Butri, daughter of the local king of Kyishö  in Tibet. On his father's side, Ngawang Namgyal descended from the family line of Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211), the founder of the Drukpa Lineage.

In his youth, Ngawang Namgyal was enthroned as the eighteenth Drukpa or throne-holder and "hereditary prince" of the traditional Drukpa seat and estate of Ralung, and recognized there as the immediate reincarnation of the fourth Drukchen, the "Omniscient" Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (, 1527–1592).

His recognition and enthronement at Ralung as the Drukpa incarnation was opposed by Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, an influential student of Drukpa Pema Karpo who promoted the recognition of a rival candidate—Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, an illegitimate son of the Chongje king (Chongje Depa), Ngawang Sönam Dragpa—as the Gyalwang Drukpa incarnation. Lhatsewa and supporters of the Chongje king conducted an enthronement ceremony of Pagsam Wangpo as the incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo and Gyalwang Drukpa at Tashi Thongmen monastery. The Chongje king then persuaded the king of Tsang (or Depa Tsangpa), one the most powerful local kings in Tibet and patron of the rival Karma Kagyu sect, to support the recognition of Pagsam Wangpo as Gyalwang Drukpa and incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo. By 1612, the Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, had gained control over the Tibetan regions of Ü and Tsang.

For a time, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal continued to live at the main Drukpa seat of Ralung, as—irrespective of who was entitled to be considered as the true incarnation of Kunkhyen Pema Karpo—Ngawang Namgyal was the main Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder and legitimate throne-holder at Ralung Monastery, the traditional seat of the Drukpa Lineage.

From Tibet to Bhutan
However, following a misunderstanding Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his party had with an important Karma Kagyu lama, Pawo Tsugla Gyatsho (1568–1630), the Tsang Desi demanded that compensation be paid, and that the sacred religious relics of Ralung—such as the Rangjung Kharsapani—should be surrendered to him so they could be given to the rival Gyalwang Drukpa incarnate, Gyalwa Pagsam Wangpo.

The Tsang Desi prepared to send covert armed guards to arrest Zhabdrung Rinpoche and enforce his demands. In 1616, facing arrest and following visions (in which it is said that the chief guardian deities of Bhutan offered him a home), Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left Tibet to establish a new base in western Bhutan through Gasa Dzongkhag, founding Cheri Monastery at the head of Thimphu valley.

In 1629, he built Simtokha Dzong at the entrance to Thimphu valley; from this dzong, he could exert control over traffic between the powerful Paro valley to the west and Trongsa valley to the east.

Unification of Bhutan
Zhabdrung Rinpoche consolidated control over western Bhutan, subduing rivals belonging to the Lhapa, a branch of the Drikung Kagyu sect, which had built some of the original dzongs in Bhutan, including Punakha Dzong in 1637–1638. The Drukpa Kagyu, the Lhapa Kagyu, and the Nenyingpa had all controlled parts of western Bhutan since the twelfth century. Later, Zhabdrung Rinpoche would conquer and unify all of Bhutan, but would allow the ancient, Nyingma sect to continue in central and eastern Bhutan (today the Nyingmapa comprise approximately thirty percent of Bhutan's monks, even though they are privately funded while the Southern Drukpa Kagyu is supported as the established state religion of Bhutan).

In 1627, the first European visitors to Bhutan—the Portuguese Jesuits Estevao Cacella and João Cabral—found the Zhabdrung to be a compassionate and intelligent host, of high energy and fond of art and writing. In keeping with his position as a high lama, he was also meditative, and had just completed a three-year, silent retreat. The Zhabdrung was proud to have the Jesuits as guests of his court, and was reluctant to grant them permission to leave—offering to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds—but they pressed on to Tibet in search of the apostate church said to be isolated in the heart of central Asia (see Nestorian Stele).

Dual system of government
The Zhabdrung also established Bhutan's distinctive dual system of government under the Tsa Yig legal code, by which control of the country was shared between a spiritual leader (the Je Khenpo) to preside over the religious institutions, and an administrative leader (the Druk Desi) as head of secular affairs, a policy which exists, in modified form, to this day.

Relations with Ladakh
Sengge Namgyal, who ruled Ladakh from 1616 to 1623 and 1624 to 1642, was a devotee of the Ralung lineage of the Drukpa school. Like Bhutan, Ladakh then had differences with the new Gaden Photrang government of Tibet established by the fifth Dalai Lama, which attempted to annex Ladakh.

An invitation was sent to Bhutan requesting that Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal become the state priest; as the Zhabdrung was occupied confronting an invasion from Tibet and consolidating the new Bhutanese state, he sent Choje Mukzinpa as his representative to the court of Ladakh. Several religious estates were offered to the Bhutanese in present-day Ladakh, Zangskar, and western Tibet (Ngari Korsum [mga' ris bskor gsum]), which was then part of Ladakh. One of them, Stakna Monastery or "Tiger's Nose," established by Choje Mukzinpa, became the main seat of the Southern Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Ladakh; this monastery still preserves artifacts and documents related to Bhutan, some of them said to have been gifted by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.

Death
Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal died in 1651, and power effectively passed to the penlops (local governors), instead of to a successor Zhabdrung. In order to forestall a dynastic struggle and a return to warlordism, the governors conspired to keep the death of the Zhabdrung secret for fifty-four years; during this time, they issued orders in his name, explaining that he was on an extended, silent retreat.

The anniversary of the death of the Zhabdrung is modernly celebrated as a Bhutanese national holiday, falling on the third month, tenth day of the Bhutanese calendar.

title: Ngawang Namgyal


text:
Talk:Pollard's p − 1 algorithm

[Untitled]
a^(p-1) = 1 mod (p) for a in U*(Z/nZ) is meaningless and is not the correct statement of fermat's little theorem. I don't think you really understand the meaning of the notation. For starters mod is an equivalence relation on Z and

a^(p-1) = 1 mod (p) means

[a^(p-1) -1] / p = 0

But when you say that a is in U*(Z/nZ) then what does it mean to divide an element of U*(Z/nZ) by the integer p?

Fermat's little theorem does say that for all a!

a^(p-1) = 1 mod (p)

I don't know what you're trying to say ,but it's not fermat's little theorem and it's mathematically ungramatical.

 * First of all Fermat's little theorem isn't stated in its verbatim form for a reason. However it's a short hop from FLT to the statement in the article, and the statement in the article is correct.

 * The notation YOU are using isn't standard, although you may think it correct. a^(p-1) = 1 mod (p) is not valid notation. To indicate the equivalence you need to use ≡ (note: three lines) and (mod p) (note: parentheses surrounding the whole thing).  To indicate a computation you would simply use = (note: two lines) and mod p (note: no parentheses).

 * Lastly, Fermat's little theorem doesn't say that for all a that "a^(p-1) = 1 mod (p)", there is a condition that a has to be coprime to p. For instance, if you picked a and p to be the same value then the equation is wrong (as I mentioned in the summary when I reverted your change before).  CryptoDerk 01:45, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Well it doesn't really matter, say whatever you like. Nobody is going to rely on this entry for anything.

Prime factors?
"It is possible that all the prime factors of n are divisible by small primes, at which point the Pollard p-1 algorithm gives you n again."

If a prime factor is divisible by a small prime.... how is it a prime factor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.97.22.119 (talk) 23:53, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the mistake is between P being a prime factor and P-1 being divisible by a small prime. The quoted statement is an error. It needs to be worded differently. Robomojo (talk) 09:14, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

One large factor variant
In what way does FFT help? Can it be used to accelerate the process of searching over many primes or only for asymptotically fast multiplication? If it's the latter, it should be stated that this is only effective for very large N. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.55.200.20 (talk) 14:58, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Basically, only the fact that if you choose a second bound, B2, such that a single factor of N is between B1 and B2 and all other below B1, then there is a memory-intensive algorithm that could do the factoring. Everything else in the article is very unclear. Aeris-chan (talk) 20:27, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

Not entirely sure, but this page seems to be pointing out only powers of primes. While x^2 is a power of x many algorithms actually perform x^p-1 or some other variable exponent, which is costly.

Consider, the following which contains a powermod for each multiplication

Then there is this variant, which performs only a few multiplications instead of powering, which at best can be done with repeated squaring.

While the first version may find small primes faster, the second is more efficient for large primes. Especially if you are using O(n^2) multiplication and division.

In any case once you are dealing with primes this large, its probably time to switch to another algorithm.

Alexander Higgins —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.46.132.117 (talk) 09:23, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Base concepts
This section shows the basic formula as a^K(p-1) (left-hand side)... but then does nothing but reference x in explanation. I read this as x is a, but making that assumption is out of my league. Either one of things should probably happen: a) the forumla should reflect x, b) x should change to the proper variable, or c) an explanation of an x that is implicit and transcendent of the equation should be explained (I don't think that's what's going on here to be clear). I am definitely not qualified to make this change. 2601:204:C001:27E0:0:0:0:480 (talk) 03:57, 2 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pollard's p − 1 algorithm


text:
User talk:Mackinaw

/archive1

Proposed deletion of Westmount Rugby Club

The article Westmount Rugby Club has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * no indication of WP:notability. No WP:reliable sources. Contradictory claim to be oldest active club in North America is not backed up with reliable sources.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. noq (talk) 07:41, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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File:Plesiosaurs-mosasaur.jpg needs authorship information
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"Tropcial rainforests" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Tropcial rainforests. Since you had some involvement with the Tropcial rainforests redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. CycloneYoris talk! 17:20, 21 November 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Nora Young

The article Nora Young has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Does not meet WP:GNG. The only sources I could find were trivial mentions of Nora Young and some student media that doesn't count toward notability WP:RSSM."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. TipsyElephant (talk) 18:44, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Nora Young for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Nora Young is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Nora Young until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. TipsyElephant (talk) 19:32, 3 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mackinaw


text:
Keian

Keian (慶安) was a Japanese era name (年号) after Shōhō and before Jōō. This period spanned the years from February 1648 through September 1652. The reigning emperor was Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).

Change of era

 * 1648 Keian gannen (慶安元年): The new era name was created in response to criticism that Shōhō was too closely related to Shōbō (焼亡, meaning "death by burning"). The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Shōhō 5, on the 5th day of the 2nd month.

The new era name was drawn from the Chinese classic, The I Ching: "At the end happiness, joy of quiet righteousness, answer the world unlimited" (乃終有慶、安貞之吉、応地無疆):

Events of the Keian era

 * April 1, 1649 (Keian 2, 20th day of the 2nd month): There was a major earthquake in Edo.
 * 1651 (Keian 4): Keian Uprising. Plans by well-organized rōnin to attack several Tokugawa strongholds simultaneously were timely discovered. The attempt plan to overthrow the Edo Bakufu by Marubashi Chūya and Yui Shōsetsu was thwarted.
 * 1652 (Keian 5, 5th month): Nihon Ōdai Ichiran is first published in Kyoto under the patronage of the tairō Sakai Tadakatsu, daimyō of the Obama Domain of Wakasa Province.

title: Keian


text: User talk:66.146.42.194

title: User talk:66.146.42.194


text:
Pigeon Creek

Pigeon Creek may refer to:

 * Pigeon Creek, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Pigeon Creek, a creek running from Princeton, Indiana to the Ohio River in Evansville
 * Pigeon Creek, a stream in Texas and Dent counties of southern Missouri
 * Pigeon Creek, a stream in Ripley County, Missouri
 * Pigeon Creek, the main tributary of the Tug Fork River in Mingo County, West Virginia
 * Pigeon Creek, a tidal inlet on San Salvador Island, The Bahamas

title: Pigeon Creek


text:
Division of Aston

The Division of Aston is an Australian Federal Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. The division is located in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, coextensive with the City of Knox local government area. The suburbs in the division include Bayswater, Boronia, Ferntree Gully, Knoxfield, Rowville, Scoresby, The Basin, Wantirna and Wantirna South; and parts of Lysterfield, Sassafras and Upper Ferntree Gully.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

History
The division was created in 1984 and is named after Tilly Aston, a blind writer and teacher who helped found the Library of the Victorian Association of Braille Writers in 1894.

The current for Aston is Mary Doyle of the Australian Labor Party, elected on 1 April 2023 in the 2023 Aston by-election.

A typical "mortgage belt" seat, it was held by the Labor Party until 1990, but was from then until 2023 it was held by the Liberal Party. At the 2022 Australian federal election it was the Liberal Party’s safest seat in metropolitan Melbourne. However, the seat became marginal at that election, with the Liberals experiencing a 11.64% drop in their primary vote and a 7.32% drop in their two-party vote. The very next year, the Australian Labor Party regained the seat from the Liberal Party following the 2023 by-election.

Aston has one of the biggest Chinese-Australian communities in Victoria, with more than 22,500 Chinese residents, or about 14 per cent of the electorate's population.

Election results
{{legend|#0047AB|Liberal}} {{legend|#DE3533|Labor}} {{legend|#00A651|Greens}} {{legend|#FFCD00|Australian Democrats}} {{legend|#FFED00|Palmer United/United Australia Party}} {{legend|#888888|Independent}}

title: Division of Aston


text:
User talk:Brownt

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title: User talk:Brownt


text:
Shōhō

Shōhō (正保) was a Japanese era name (年号) after Kan'ei and before Keian. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648. The reigning emperor was Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).

Change of era

 * 1644 Shōhō gannen (正保元年): The era name was changed to Shōhō to mark the enthronement of the new emperor Go-Kōmyō. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kan'ei 21, on the 16th day of the 12th month.

Events of the Shōhō era

 * 1644 (Shōhō 1): The third major map of Japan was ordered by the Tokugawa Shogunate—the first having been completed in Keichō 10—at a scale of 1:432,000 (based on maps of the provinces drawn to a scale of 1:21,600).
 * May 18, 1645 (Shōhō 2, 23rd day of the 4th month): The Shōgun was elevated the court role of Middle Counselor (中納言).
 * June 13, 1645 (Shōhō 2, 19th day of the 5th month): Death of Miyamoto Musashi.
 * December 1645 (Shōhō 3): Death of Takuan Sōhō, a leading figure in the Zen reform movement.
 * January 18, 1646 (Shōhō 2, 2nd day of the 12th month): Death of Hosokawa Tadaoki.
 * May 11, 1646 (Shōhō 3, 26th day of the 3rd month): Death of Yagyū Munenori.
 * 1648 (Shōhō 6): The shogunate issues a legal code governing the lives of commoners in Edo.

title: Shōhō


text:
User talk:Fisto~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 01:34, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Fisto~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chazz Thompson-King

Chazz Thompson-King was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 7 votes to delete. Postdlf 14:08, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Chazz Thompson-King
I fail to see how this person is in any way notable. Indrian 01:38, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * delete. jericho4.0 02:35, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity/joke of a very predictable sort. Geogre 03:57, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Hoax by someone who doesn't know Turkish. — Bill 11:41, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Rumors on a royal descendence could be notable... no vote...[[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:14, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Zero Google hits. Delete vanity. Bearcat 23:51, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Inky 00:59, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Ta bu shi da yu 11:45, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.