text:
Talk:Lizz Winstead

Untitled
Is the "offensive comment" this: ? Samrolken 09:00, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC) -- It's the "blow me" thing, yes. 69.181.199.238 (talk) 03:57, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

The second reference's link did not work, making it impossible to verify the material. It's therefore unsourced and was tossed as per the warning at the top of this page. Either way, Michelle Malkin is hardly impartial and an op-ed is not a credible news source.

Ongoing "Discussion" re: Tweets
There is a continuing disagreement by one user about the inclusion of the Oklahoma Tornado Tweet Incident in Lizz Winstead's bio. Their objection have been that the reference sources are not acceptable to them, and that this incident is not relevant in the entirety of her life. This seems to me to be an attempt to apply a very editorialized version of this bio. Is the information true? Yes. Have valid references been provided? Yes. ABLegler (talk) 20:26, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Is it biographically significant? If a neutral source were writing about her life and times in a few pages would this be one of the significant events worth including? I have no opinion on that. The material itself is a little embarrassing but it is sourced, and presented neutrally. So the only question is whether it's relevant and significant, or else whether it's ephemeral trivia. - Wikidemon (talk) 21:56, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The two provided sources are of extremely low quality. One is an MSN news aggregator that has picked up a gossip blog, and the other is the FOX News website in a short article that doesn't substantiate its "outrage" claims. Either way, ABLegler's original research of "public backlash" is unsupported. This is a clear violation of WP:BLP, and WP:BLPGOSSIP in particular. There's no evidence that this is a significant biographical event in the life of the subject. -- Scjessey (talk) 14:44, 14 June 2013 (UTC)
 * If your primary arguement is the sourcing then I suggest you stop now, because you have zero argument. I realize that you don't like the source, but they are RS's so deal with it.  Arzel (talk) 15:33, 14 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The quality of the sourcing, especially for a BLP, is absolutely atrocious. They aren't even attributed columns. Did you even look at the sources, Arzel, or did you just see "Fox News" and give it a thumbs up? -- Scjessey (talk) 17:26, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Lizz Winstead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090106004054/http://mspmag.com/features/features/112757.asp to http://www.mspmag.com/features/features/112757.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:37, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Lizz Winstead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150213185129/http://www.citypages.com/2013-05-08/news/the-life-of-lizz-winstead/ to http://www.citypages.com/2013-05-08/news/the-life-of-lizz-winstead/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100908164854/http://www.observer.com/1999/lizz-winstead-returns-and-so-does-marv to http://www.observer.com/1999/lizz-winstead-returns-and-so-does-marv
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130608172948/http://now.msn.com/lizz-winstead-tweet-deemed-offensive-to-victims-of-oklahoma-tornado to http://now.msn.com/lizz-winstead-tweet-deemed-offensive-to-victims-of-oklahoma-tornado

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:30, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Lizz Winstead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150510122125/http://www.dallasvoice.com/on-the-air-with-signorile-show-guest-host-lizz-winstead-and-a-q-of-the-day-1042404.html to http://www.dallasvoice.com/on-the-air-with-signorile-show-guest-host-lizz-winstead-and-a-q-of-the-day-1042404.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:08, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

Name
Is Lizz Winstead her actual name? The link for Mary Elizabeth Winstead is posted at the top, making me think her actual name was Elizabeth Winstead. Once verified, this should be stated in the article.AprilShowersBringMayFlowers (talk) 23:09, 15 March 2018 (UTC)AprilShowersBringMayFlowers

title: Talk:Lizz Winstead


text:
Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II

Osei Tutu II (born Nana Barima Kwaku Duah; 6 May 1950) is the 16th Asantehene, enstooled on 26 April 1999. By name, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II is in direct succession to the 17th-century founder of the Ashanti Empire, Otumfuo Osei Tutu I. He is also the Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. A Freemason, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II has served as the Grand Patron of the Grand Lodge of Ghana, the Sword Bearer of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Grand Patron of the Grand Lodge of Liberia. Otumfuo Osei Tutu II historical visit to Ga Mantse's Palace

Early life
He was born on 6 May 1950 and named Nana Barima Kwaku Duah, the third son and youngest of the five children (three sons and two daughters) of Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II, Asantehemaa (Queen-mother of the Ashanti). His father Nana Kwame Boakye-Dankwa was from Kentinkyere in Ashanti and was also the Brehyia Duke of Asante. Nana Kwame Boakye-Dankwa died on 1 January 2002, in Kumasi, Ashanti.

Otumfuo Osei Tutu was named after his paternal grandfather, Ohenenana Kwaku Duah (Nana Agari), Brahyiahene, of Kentinkyere in the Atwima district.

His siblings include Nana Ama Konadu, (Nana Konadu Yiadom III) who is the 14th Asanteheemaa, as well as the late Barima Kwabena Poku, Barima Akwasi Prempeh.

When he was about five years old, Otumfuo moved into the royal household of his uncle, Oheneba Mensah Bonsu, the Hiahene, enstooled in 1952, as early preparation for his future role.

Osei Tutu has six children. His father had other offspring from other marriages, including Yaw Boateng, Kwaku Duah, Kwabena Agyei-Bohyen, Afua Sarpong and Ama Agyemang (Kumasi, Ashanti), Fredua Agyeman Prempeh, Nana Kwasi Agyemang Prempeh and Nana Kwasi Boachie Gyambibi (Kumasi, Ashanti).

Education
He had his elementary education in Kumasi and in 1964, went on to the Sefwi Wiawso Secondary School(SEWASS) where he obtained his 'O' Level and was taught by the late Omanhene of Sefwi Wiawso, Nana Kwadwo Aduhene II who was a cousin of Otumfuo's guardian uncle, Oheneba Mensah Bonsu, Hiahene. He also attended the Osei Kyeretwie Secondary School (OKESS). He studied accountancy studies at the erstwhile Institute of Professional Studies, which is today known as University of Professional Studies in Accra. He then enrolled at the Polytechnic of North London (now London Metropolitan University), where he earned the Diploma in Management and Administration. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university at a ceremony at the Barbican Centre on 11 January 2006.

Private sector career
Between 1981 and 1985, he was a senior consultant at the Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company in Toronto, Canada.

He returned to London in 1985 and became the Personnel Officer at the HPCC Stonebridge Bus Garage Project, in the London Borough of Brent. He then founded his own mortgage finance firm, Primoda Financial Services Limited, located on Kilburn High Road, North-West London. He returned to his native Ghana in 1989 to start a transport business, the Transpomech International (Ghana) Limited.

Asantehene (1999–present)
The Asantehene is highly revered in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Osei Tutu has frequently commented on the work of Ghanaian politicians.

He received international media attention after some of the Ashanti crown jewels were allegedly stolen from an Oslo hotel in October 2012 when he was attending a conference in the Norwegian capital.

In August 2019, he celebrated the Akwasidae with the Ghanaian community in the United Kingdom whilst on a short visit there. Dignitaries at the function included Paapa Owusu Ankomah, the Ghana High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

In February 2020, he became the first person to receive the 'Pillar of Peace Award'. This was in recognition of the effort that he put into restoring peace to the Kingdom of Dagbon which spanned nearly two decades.

He has also received the 2019 CIMG President's Special Award.

Residence
Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II resides at the Manhyia Palace in Kumasi, the capital city of Ashanti region

Role in restoring peace to the Kingdom of Dagbon
President John Agyekum Kufuor instituted the Committee of Eminent Chiefs, headed by Osei Tutu II, to intervene in the 2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis. The committee's mandate included facilitating negotiations and mediating talks between the Andani and Abudu royal families, and drawing a roadmap for the restoration of peace in the Kingdom of Dagbon. The committee presented their recommendations to the Government of Ghana on 21 November 2018. The government implemented the recommendations that included the performance of the funerals of Mahamadu IV and Yakubu II from 14 December 2018 to 18 January 2019. These were then followed by the investiture of Bukali II as substantive regent of the Kingdom of Dagbon. In December 2019, Bukali II paid a courtesy call on Otumfuo Osei Tutu at the Manhyia Palace, to express his gratitude for the role the Asante king played in the peace process.

20th Anniversary Celebration
Osei Tutu II's 20th anniversary commemoration took place on 21 April 2019, at the Dwabirem of the Manhyia Palace. This was at the grand durbar of the Akwasidaekese. Dignitaries like Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Michael Ashwin Satyandre Adhin the vice president of Suriname and Torgbui Sri, the Awomefia of the Anlo state were in attendance. Other dignitaries included Diplomats and royals from Namibia, Kuwait, Germany, China, Morocco, Latvia, Botswana and Palestine. On 19 April 2019, there was a sod cutting ceremony to launch the construction of a hostel at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. The next day the sod was cut for some other projects like the GUSS Sports Complex, Beach Soccer Park and Hospital Car Park.

25th Anniversary Celebration
In 12 May, 2024 at Dwabrim (durbar ground) of the Manhyia Palace for the grand durbar to climax the 25th anniversary of the enstoolment of the Asantehene, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. Dignitaries and Delegations from various African nations were present to grace the occasion. There were delegations from Cote d’Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Togo, Morocco and Trinidad and Tobago.

Members of various political parties in the country were also present at the event.

Destoolment of sub chiefs
In 2002, Osei Tutu destooled Ohenenana Kwaku Duah, the chief of Bonwire, for insubordination and a blatant disregard of customs in the installation and deposition of his sub chiefs. In 2009 Nana Kofi Agyei Bi III, the chief of Atwimah was destooled for fraudulent sale of land. In 2015, Nana Mensah Bonsu chief of Pakyi Number One was destooled for inciting the youth to wreak havoc in the area. In April 2018, the Atwimahene, Nana Antwi Agyei Brempong II was destooled by the Asantehene. He was found guilty of misuse of the Great Oath, flouting the monarch's decrees about land administration and several other misdeeds. He was later pardoned and reinstated. In June 2019, Osei Tutu II destooled two chiefs for various offences against the stool. Akyamfou Kwame Akowuah was dethroned for violating the Great Oath of Asanteman. Nana Ahenkro Sei Ababio III was also deposed for disregarding directives about chieftaincy and land disputes. In July 2020, the Bantamahene was summoned before the monarch on charges of land encroachment and the diversion of the Subin river without permission. He was pardoned after some of the divisional chiefs pleaded for clemency. He was ordered to reverse all action in the land encroachment and river diversion and also fined.

In May 2023, Nana Kwame Owusu Agyeman, the Chief of Antoa was destooled for violating customary procedures by instating his nephew as a Caretaker Chief while he lives. In June, the Chief of Kwaso, Nana Nketia Boampong II was destooled after being found guilty of defrauding and multiple sale of lands. In August 2023, the Chief of Adumoa in the Afigya Kwabre District, Nana Osei Tiri Ababio, was destooled for multiple land-related sales and violating customary procedures by not adhering to Otumfuo's directives. The Chief of Bekwai-Abodom, Nana Saforo Koto was also destooled for selling unauthorised lands to illegal miners and violation of customary rites by neglecting his traditional duties, and the chief of Abuontem, Nana Kwaku Duah III, was destooled for illegal sale of land. In December, Nana Baffour Adugyemfuo Kumani, the Chief of Kwapra in Suame Municipality was destooled for engaging in the double sale of lands and violating the Great Oath.

In January 2024, Nana Ama Serwaa Nyarko, the queen mother of Offinso was destooled over her gross insubordination.

Commitment to environmental protection and conservation
In July 2019, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II announced his devotion to protect the water bodies of the Asante Kingdom. This would involve the planting of 2.5 million trees around Lake Bosomtwe and would cover 400 hectares. This would aid in improving the ecosystem, cushion climate change and enhance environmental awareness among the communities around the lake. The tree planting initiative is a collaboration between the Oheneba Poku Foundation and Manhyia Palace. The Forestry Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Water Resources Commission, the Ghana Tourism Authority, UNESCO, the District Assemblies of Bosome-Freho and Bosumtwe, and the Lake Bosomtwe Community Resources Management Areas (CREMA), which is an NGO are the other stakeholders.

Otumfuo Lottery Game
The Asantehene has joined forces with the National Lottery Authority (NLA) and is preparing to launch the Otumfuo Lottery Game. This is a fundraising initiative to support the Otumfuo Charity Foundation. In May 2019, a working committee that composed of members of the National Lottery Authority (NLA), the State Enterprise Commission (SEC) and the Asante state's governance team, presented a report to the monarch for approval. The National Association of Private Lotto Operators and Agents in Ghana expressed their preparedness to embrace the game so its objective would be achieved.

British Museum keynote address
On 19 July 2024, Osei Tutu delivered a keynote address at the British Museum in London on the theme "Asante Culture and Heritage" to mark his silver jubilee as Asantehene.

Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation (OOTIIF)
The Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation was officially launched in April 2009. It was established to enable the monarch serve his people in two of his main focus areas: education and health. In line with this, the "Otumfuo Educational Fund" was established in 1999 for the enhancement of education for Ghanaians and the Serwah Ampem AIDS Foundation for children who had HIV/AIDS or were affected by it. The Educational fund had by April 2019, supported 301,980 students with scholarships and other forms of support. This number is made up of 25,756 students who received full scholarships and 276,224 others who received one form of financial support or the other. By October 2019, more than 600 teachers had been recognized in the foundation's teacher awards programme. This was to show appreciation to teachers who were working in poverty stricken areas and had no access to electricity, telephones, potable water and other basic amenities. Many teachers refuse to be posted to these areas due to the impoverished conditions of living. The awards are in the forms of money, laptops, refrigerators and scholarships up to PhD level studies.

In October 2017, Global Communities partnered with the Foundation to start up the Youth Inclusive Entrepreneurial Development Initiative for Employment (YIEDIE) project. The initiative was for five years and aimed at creating opportunities in the construction industry, to benefit economically disadvantaged youth. Global Communities, a non-profit organization with a global reach, works with communities to create sustainable changes that improve the lives and livelihoods of the less privileged. The implementation of this project was in conjunction with the Mastercard Foundation. The project operates in Ghana's five largest cities: Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ashaiman, and Tema and will provide opportunities for at least 23,700 youth, between ages 17–24, who earn less than $2 per day.

In November 2017, 4,946 children from eight districts in the Ashanti, Ahafo, Bono and Bono East Regions (Sekyere North, Bekwai Municipality, Atwima Mponua, Bibaini-Anwhiaso-Bekwai, Bosomtwe, Offinso Municipality, New Edubaise and Goaso district) were given free computer training. This was done by a collaboration between Otumfuo-Agroecom Mobile Library Project (OAMLP), which is a subsidiary of the Otumfuo Charity Foundation, and Agroecom Ghana Ltd, a cocoa buying company. This initiative is in line with its aim to bridge the gap in learning conditions between the urban and less privileged communities and instill reading and the use of ICT in pupils at the basic level.

In January 2019, an agreement was entered into by the Foundation and Young Educators Foundation who are the organizers of the '' Spelling Bee" competition. This was geared towards making the literary programmes of the Young Educators Foundation available to less privileged communities and public schools in the Ashanti Region. This would give 100 students the opportunity to benefit from the programme every year.

In May 2020, junior high school students in Kumasi received more than 2000 books and dictionaries. Among the communities that benefited from this gesture were Bohyen, Aduato, Adumanu, Ampabame and South Suntreso. This was aimed at keeping students academically active while schools were closed to control the spread of COVID-19.

In June 2020, the Foundation donated books to about 750 Junior High School students from 11 basic schools in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. This was to facilitate the excellent performance of the students, especially in the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE).

In July 2020, AngloGold Ashanti teamed up with the Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation and the Obuasi Municipal and East Educational Directorates to roll out a Live Radio and Distance Learning Programme in Obuasi. This was to ensure continuation in learning, even though schools had been closed down to control COVID-19. The Foundation was supported by the mine with an amount of 150,000 Ghana Cedis (GH₵) for the purchase and distribution of 10,000 copies of Readers and Workbooks to Junior High School Students in the catchment area.

In March 2021, the name of the foundation was changed to Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation(OOTIIF). This come about as a result of the Otumfuo Education Fund, the Serwaa Ampem Foundation for Children and the Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation being merged into one charity with a new board of trustees and management. The new board was constituted of Nana Prof. Oheneba Boachie-Adjei Woahene II as the chair and Sir Samuel Esson Jonah, Dr. Kwaku Mensa-Bonsu, Mrs. Margaret Boateng Sekyere, Dr. Kwame Bawuah-Edusei, Rev. Akua Ofori-Boateng, Mr. Andrew Asamoah, Nana Akuoku Boateng and Mrs. Mariam Agyeman Gyasi Jawhary.

Personal life
Osei Tutu II has two children and is married to Julia Osei Tutu.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II


text:
Revolt of 1173–1174

The Revolt of 1173–1174 was a rebellion against King Henry II of England by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their rebel supporters. The revolt ended in failure after eighteen months; Henry's rebellious family members had to resign themselves to his continuing rule and were reconciled to him.

Background

King Henry II had been ruling England, Normandy, and Anjou since 1154, while his wife Queen Eleanor ruled the vast territory of Aquitaine since 1137. In 1173 Henry had four legitimate sons (from oldest to youngest): Henry, called the "Young King", Richard (later called "the Lionheart"), Geoffrey, and John ("Lackland"), all of whom stood to inherit some or all of these possessions. Henry also had an illegitimate son, Geoffrey, born probably before the eldest of the legitimate children.

By this time, Henry the Young King was 18 years old and praised for his good looks and charm. He had been long-married to the daughter of Louis VII of France, the former husband of Eleanor (Henry the Young King's mother). Henry the Young King kept a large and glamorous retinue but was constrained by his lack of resources: "he had many knights but he had no means to give rewards and gifts to the knights". The young Henry was therefore anxious to take control of some of his ancestral inheritances to rule in his own right.

The immediate practical cause of the rebellion was Henry II's decision to bequeath three castles, which were within the realm of the Young King's inheritance, to his youngest son, John, as part of the arrangements for John's marriage to the daughter of the Count of Maurienne. At this, Henry the Young King was encouraged to rebel by many aristocrats who saw potential profit and gain in a power transition. His mother Eleanor had been feuding with her husband, and she joined the cause as did many others upset by Henry's possible involvement in the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170, which had left Henry alienated throughout Christendom.

In March 1173 Henry the Young King withdrew to the court of his father-in-law, Louis, in France and was soon followed by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey. Eleanor tried to join them but was stopped by Henry II on the way and held in captivity. The Young King and his French mentor created a wide alliance against Henry II by promising land and revenues in England and Anjou to the Counts of Flanders, Boulogne, and Blois; William the Lion, King of the Scots, would have Northumberland. In effect, the Young King would seize his inheritance by breaking it apart.

The revolt

Hostilities began in April when the Counts of Flanders and Boulogne invaded Normandy from the east, the King of France and young Henry from the south, while the Bretons attacked from the west. Each of the assaults ended with failure: the Count of Boulogne was killed, Louis was defeated and kicked out of Normandy, and the Bretons were routed with great loss of life and treasure. William the Lion's attacks in the north of England were also a failure. Negotiations were opened with the rebels in Normandy between father Henry II and son young Henry, to no avail.

The Earl of Leicester, a supporter of young Henry who had been in Normandy and was chief of the aristocratic rebels, took up the charge next. He raised an army of Flemish mercenaries and crossed from Normandy back to England to join the other rebel barons there, principally Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. The Earl of Leicester was intercepted by the English forces returning from the north in Scotland, led by Richard de Luci, and was completely defeated at Fornham. Henry II's barons supposedly said to him, "It is a bad year for your enemies."

In the spring of 1174 the rebellion continued. David, Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William the Lion, moved back south to attempt the conquest of northern England and took up the leadership of the rebel barons. William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby and one of the rebels, burned the royal burgh of Nottingham while Hugh Bigod likewise torched Norwich.

Henry II, who had been in Normandy fighting his enemies, landed in England on 8 July. His first act was to do penance for the death of Thomas Becket, who was murdered by some of Henry's knights three years earlier and had already been canonized as a saint. The day following the ceremony at Canterbury, on 13 July, in a seeming act of divine providence for Henry II, William the Lion and many of his supporters were surprised and captured at the Battle of Alnwick by a small band of loyalists. In the aftermath Henry II was able to sweep up the opposition, marching through each rebel stronghold to receive their surrenders. With England taken care of, Henry returned to Normandy and set about a settlement with his enemies, and on 30 September "King Henry, the king's son, and his brothers, returned to their father and to his service, as their lord".

Aftermath
The revolt lasted eighteen months, played out across a large area from southern Scotland to Brittany. At least twenty castles in England were recorded as demolished on the orders of the king. Many towns were destroyed and many people were killed. Blame was placed on young Henry's advisors, the rebel barons, who manipulated the inexperienced and rash princes for their own dreams of gain. William Marshal, who was loyal to young Henry during the revolt, said "cursed be the day when the traitors schemed to embroil the father and the son".

title: Revolt of 1173–1174


text:
Jack Pardee

John Perry Pardee (April 19, 1936 – April 1, 2013) was an American professional football player and head coach. He played as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). As a coach, he is the only head coach to helm a team in college football, the NFL, the United States Football League (USFL), the World Football League (WFL), and the Canadian Football League (CFL). Pardee was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1986.

Playing career
As a teenager, Pardee moved to Christoval, Texas, where he excelled as a member of the six-man football team. He was an All-America Fullback at Texas A&M University and a two-time All-Pro with the Los Angeles Rams (1963) and the Washington Redskins (1971). He was one of the few six-man players to ever make it to the NFL, and his knowledge of that wide-open game would serve him well as a coach.

Pardee was one of the famed Junction Boys, the 1954 Texas A&M preseason camp held in Junction, Texas, by football coach Paul "Bear" Bryant. He was part of the 35 left from the approximately 100 players who went to Junction. After completing college at Texas A&M, Pardee was selected with the 1st pick of the second round (14th overall) in the 1957 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams as a linebacker. Pardee played for the Rams from 1957 to 1970, sitting out the 1965 season to treat a malignant melanoma in his left arm.

Pardee was traded from the Rams to the Redskins in a multi-player deal during the first round of the 1971 NFL Draft on January 28, 1971. He ended his playing career after two seasons with the Redskins at the end of the 1972 NFL season.

WFL
When the World Football League started in 1974, Pardee got his first head coaching job with the Washington Ambassadors. The team later relocated to Norfolk, Virginia as the Virginia Ambassadors before finally moving to their third and final home in Orlando as the Florida Blazers. The Blazers made it to the 1974 World Bowl and lost by one point to the Birmingham Americans. Pardee's regular-season coaching record in 1974 with the Blazers was 14–6, and 2–1 in the 1974 WFL Playoffs and World Bowl. This was all the more remarkable considering that the Blazers went unpaid for the last three months of the season. Some of the Blazers players relocated to San Antonio as the Wings for the 1975 season, and Pardee also moved on, signing on as head coach of the Chicago Bears for the 1975 season.

First stint as a Head Coach in the NFL
In 1975, Pardee was hired by the Chicago Bears as head coach. He spent the next three years there, leading Chicago to their first playoff berth in 14 years in 1977, before moving on to the Washington Redskins. In 1979, he led the Redskins to within one game of making the playoffs, but in the season's final week, they squandered a 13-point lead to the eventual NFC East champions Dallas Cowboys and missed the playoffs. He was fired after going 6-10 in 1980. In 1981, he was hired as assistant head coach in charge of defense for the San Diego Chargers.

USFL
In 1984, Pardee returned to his native Texas by becoming the head coach of the Houston Gamblers. The Gamblers played spring football in the United States Football League. The Gamblers had one of the most potent offenses in pro football, the run and shoot offense, with Jim Kelly as quarterback. The Gamblers merged with the New Jersey Generals in 1986, and Pardee was named head coach. With Kelly and Doug Flutie both vying for the role of starting quarterback, and Herschel Walker in the backfield, the Generals were poised to dominate the USFL, but the league folded prior to the 1986 season.

NCAA
Pardee returned to Houston in 1987 as head coach at the University of Houston. During his three-year stint, the Cougars, using the same offense he coached in the USFL, produced the first-ever African American quarterback to win the Heisman Trophy, Andre Ware. His team also became the first major college team in NCAA history to have over 1,000 total offensive yards in a single game, racking up 1,021 yards while beating SMU, 95–21.

Not long after Pardee's arrival, however, Houston was slapped with crippling NCAA sanctions due to numerous major violations under his predecessor, Bill Yeoman. Among them, the Cougars were banned from bowl games in 1989 and 1990 and kicked off live television in 1989. As a result, most of the nation never got a chance to see the Cougars set numerous offensive records during the 1989 season.

Second stint as a Head Coach in the NFL
In 1990, Pardee packed up the run and shoot offense and moved across town, and back to the NFL, by joining the Houston Oilers. He spent five years coaching a team which made the playoffs each of his first four years there, led by Hall of Fame quarterback Warren Moon. In 1991, the Oilers won their first division title since 1967 in the American Football League. It was during his time with the Oilers that Pardee fell victim to NFL notoriety during the 1992 season, when in that season's playoffs, the Oilers surrendered a 35-3 third quarter lead to the Buffalo Bills, losing in overtime to the eventual conference champions 41-38.

The Oilers won another division title in 1993 on the strength of winning their last 11 games despite their season being wracked with turmoil on and off the field. However, after losing in the second round of the playoffs, owner Bud Adams made good on a threat to hold a fire sale if they did not make the Super Bowl. The highest-profile loss was Moon, who was traded to the Minnesota Vikings. Without Moon, the Oilers were a rudderless team. Pardee was fired following a 1-9 start to the 1994 season, and was replaced by defensive coordinator Jeff Fisher.

CFL comes to America
He continued his coaching career in the Canadian Football League. In 1995, he was named head coach of the CFL Expansion Team, the Birmingham Barracudas. Canadian football is more wide-open than American football, with a field that has an additional 10 yards added to each endzone, as well as a 55 yardline and wider field. Birmingham owner Art Williams thought Pardee's roots in the six-man game made him a natural fit. The "Cudas" were part of a failed experiment to expand the CFL into the United States. With Matt Dunigan at quarterback, Birmingham made the playoffs, but lost in the first round. However, due to dreadful attendance late in the season and the league's refusal to approve the team's proposed relocation to Shreveport, Louisiana, for 1996, the 'Cudas were shuttered at the end of the season along with the CFL's other American teams.

Return to coaching
In December 2007, Pardee, then 71, was contacted by athletic director Dave Maggard about the vacant head coaching job at the University of Houston. Signaling interest, he made it as far as a finalist for the position, but the school moved forward with Oklahoma co-offensive coordinator Kevin Sumlin.

Personal life
Pardee was married for 50 years to Phyllis Lane Perryman and had five children and 12 grandchildren. Pardee's youngest son, Ted, is the color commentator for the Houston Cougars football radio broadcasts.

In November 2012, Pardee was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and it was reported by his family that he only had six to nine more months to live, The cancer spread to other organs and Pardee moved to a Denver hospice.

Pardee died April 1, 2013. The family has established a memorial scholarship fund in Pardee's name at the University of Houston. He was survived by his wife Phyllis, five children, and 12 grandchildren. His grandson Payton Pardee is currently Tight Ends Coach at Texas A & M University-Commerce after playing Wide Receiver at the University of Houston. Jack's youngest grandson, Luke Pardee is currently a Quarterback at Texas Christian University,

title: Jack Pardee


text:
Category:Close-in weapon systems

A Close-in weapon system is a short-range point defense system.

title: Category:Close-in weapon systems


text:
Talk:Bioacoustics

Untitled
"Bioacoustics is the study of how animals, use sound for communication and echolocation." Does bioacoustics not also include the way animals use sound to monitor their environment generally, i.e. topics such as predator/prey detection and sound localization outside of echolocation? --Chinasaur 09:18, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * They do, fish do as well. Should be added.

 * I'd like to note that I can hear bats sounds as they fly using sonar to find bugs. It's a high frequency. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.169.65.6 (talk) 02:11, 13 June 2007

 * No you don't. You probably hear their social calls, with significantly lower frequency than that used for echolocation. Back to topic, I don't think using sonar for estimating fish biomass falls under bioacoustics and should be removed from this article. A complete rewrite would also be nice, but that's another matter. --Yerpo 09:51, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The article deserves its 'cleanup' banner, so I agree it could do with a rewrite. Re biomass estimation, I believe this falls well within the scope of bioacoustics.  I've just revised the definition to make it clear why.  See if you agree with me. Thunderbird2 15:48, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Makes sense, but a source would be nice (my field is insect bioacoustics, so I haven't heard of this usage). --Yerpo 09:09, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * OK. I'll add something over the weekend. Thunderbird2 15:42, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added a couple of references and tidied up the structure slightly, but there are still big gaps (there's nothing at all under the heading "terrestrial bioacoustics". Is that the correct term?) Thunderbird2 12:45, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks OK now. As for the structure, I'd reorganize the whole thing. First of all, I think that animal sounds could be put in a separate article, only an overview with the link would remain here to illustrate the scope of bioacoustics. I'm preparing a text on "methods in bioacoustics", and underwater bioacoustics as it stands now could be placed somewhere within that. Give me a couple of days, I'll see what I can do. BTW, the references in the text on Biomass estimation don't make much sense because they aren't written in full at the bottom. Could you look into that? And I found some strange text here. Looks like a WP article on SONAR with the added section on underwater bioacoustics and some random popular words between. Don't know what to make out of it. --Yerpo 18:07, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I fixed the references. Some of the material you refer to could go to whale song, or to articles on each individual whale.  But there is also a need for material on whale hearing and fish (many species make sounds and some have sharp hearing too).  Finally, there should be something on characterisation of living organisms.  The idea is to look at a sonar echo (as with biomass estimation) and work out what kind of animal it must have reflected from. (light doesn't travel far in water so you have to make do with sound instead).  I would call this acoustical oceanography. If you're looking for a good general purpose page on the subject I recommend Discovery of Sound in the Sea. There are also some useful links in underwater acoustics. Thunderbird2 20:01, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Some of the material I refer to is already in the Whale song article, I see. With references that make no sense I meant this paragraph (and the one after that):
 * Vertical, or down-looking sonar has become increasingly important to the assessment of marine fish, anadromous and land-locked salmonids (Thorne 1971, 1979; Burczynski and Johnson 1986; Mulligan and Kieser 1986; Levy et al. 1991; Yule 1992; Parkinson et al. 1994; Beauchamp et al. 1997; Wanzenbock et al. 2003), and lake and reservoir fishes (Thorne 1983; Brandt et al. 1991; Degan and Wilson 1995; Vondracek and Degan 1995; Schael et al. 1995; Cyterski et al. 2003; Taylor et al. 2005).
 * The characterisation of living organisms could be mentioned in a single sentence and the link pointing at the relevant article. There's no need to have everything in more than one article, IMO. --Yerpo 06:45, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * oh, those ones. I put that section here while tidying up the sonar page, as it didn't seem to belong there, but I am not familiar with the references.  I checked the page history to see where they came from originally.  They were added (to sonar) by Bmcclure on 6 May 2006. I agree it makes no sense to duplicate things, but try not to lose anything either.  I look forward to seeing the results of your efforts. Thunderbird2 09:50, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Note (respectfully): Bioacoustics applies to animal-generated acoustics and not to the use of sonar generated by humans for detection and assessment of "fish", per the intro in BIOACOUSTICS "In underwater acoustics and fisheries acoustics the term is also used to mean the effect of plants and animals on sound propagated underwater, usually in reference to the use of sonar technology for biomass estimation". Having worked in hydroacoustics for fish detection (and substrate classification, and bathymetry, and submerged vegetation assessment for 20+ years) - almost never heard anyone apply 'bioacoustics' - 'hydroacoustics' is the most common terminology used for underwater habitat and fish assessment. Bmcclure 22 December 2008  —Preceding undated comment was added at 21:45, 22 December 2008 (UTC).

 * Neither did I, but the two sources cited apparently use the term for biomass assessment as well. Do you have access to those books to verify? If they don't, or if they've been misquoted, then I would fully support moving the related content to the article on hydroacoustics. --Yerpo (talk) 07:44, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I feel the wording is justified by the use of "bioacoustics" by Medwin H. & Clay C.S. (1998). In their book they use this term to mean sound scattered by fish and zooplankton (I see no mention in that book of the sounds made by fish). (See p348 ff). I don’t have Simmonds J. & MacLennan D. (2005) to hand, but I think they use the word in much the same way.  The article would be incomplete if it did not mention this use. Thunderbird2 (talk) 13:48, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Bioacoustics. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060822192437/http://blb.biosci.ohio-state.edu:80/ to http://blb.biosci.ohio-state.edu/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:53, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bioacoustics


text:
Charles Chiniquy

Charles Paschal Telesphore Chiniquy (30 July 1809 – 16 January 1899) was a Canadian socio-political activist and former Catholic priest who left the Catholic Church and converted to Protestant Christianity, becoming a Presbyterian Evangelical minister. He rode the lecture circuit in the United States denouncing the Catholic Church. His themes were that Catholicism was Pagan, that Catholics worshipped the Virgin Mary, and that its theology was anti-Christian.

Chiniquy founded the St. Anne Colony, a village located in Kankakee County, Illinois in 1851. Fifty Years in the Church of Rome, an extensive autobiographical account of his life and thoughts as a priest in the Catholic Church, was written by Chiniquy and published in 1886. He warned of plots by the Vatican to take control of the United States by importing Catholic immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and France, and suggested that the Vatican was behind the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

Biography
Chiniquy was born in 1809 to a French-Canadian family in the village of Kamouraska, Quebec. He lost his father at an early age and was adopted by his uncle. As a young man, Chiniquy studied to become a Catholic priest at the Petit Seminaire (Little Seminary) in Nicolet, Quebec. He was ordained in 1833; after his ordination, he served his church in Quebec. During the 1840s, he led a campaign throughout Quebec against the consumption of alcohol and drunkenness.

Later he immigrated to Illinois in the United States. In 1855, Chiniquy was sued by a prominent Catholic layman named Peter Spink in Kankakee, Illinois. After the fall court term, Spink applied for a change of venue to the court in Urbana, Illinois. Chiniquy hired the then-lawyer Abraham Lincoln, the future 16th President of the United States, to defend him. The spring court action in Urbana was the highest profile libel suit in Lincoln's career. The case was ended in the fall court session by agreement.

Chiniquy clashed with the Bishop of Chicago, Anthony O'Regan, over the bishop's treatment of Catholics in the city, particularly French Canadians. He declared that O'Regan was secretly backing Spink's suit against him. Chiniquy said that in 1856, O'Regan had threatened him with excommunication if he did not go to a new location where the bishop wanted to assign him. Several months later, The New York Times published a pastoral letter from O'Regan in which he stated that he had suspended Chiniquy. Since Chiniquy had continued his normal duties as a priest, the bishop excommunicated him by his letter; he vigorously disputed that he had been excommunicated, saying publicly that the bishop was mistaken. Chiniquy left the Catholic Church in 1858, and subsequently converted to Protestant Christianity, becoming a Presbyterian Evangelical minister in 1860.

He asserted that Catholicism was Pagan, that Catholics worshipped the Virgin Mary, and that its theology was anti-Christian. He warned of plots by the Vatican to take control of the United States by importing Catholic immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and France. This was at a time of high immigration rates from those countries, in response to social and political upheaval (the Great Famine in Ireland and revolutions in Germany and France). Chiniquy claimed that he was falsely accused by his superiors (and that Abraham Lincoln had come to his rescue), that the American Civil War was a plot against the United States of America by the Vatican, and that the Vatican was behind the Confederate cause, and the assassination of U.S. President Lincoln, and that Lincoln's assassins were faithful Catholics ultimately serving Pope Pius IX.

After leaving the Catholic Church, Chiniquy dedicated his life to preach and evangelize among his fellow French Canadians, as well as other people in Canada and the United States, in order to convert them from Catholicism to Protestant Christianity. He wrote a number of books and tracts expressing his criticism and views on the alleged errors in the faith and practices of the Catholic Church. His two most influential literary works are the autobiography Fifty Years in The Church of Rome and the polemical treatise The Priest, The Woman, and The Confessional. These books raised concerns in the United States about the influence of the Catholic Church. According to one Canadian biographer, Chiniquy is Canada's best-selling author of all time. He joined the Orange Order and said of it: "I always found them staunch and true. I consider it a great honour to be an Orangeman. Every time I go on my knees I pray that God may bless them and make them as numerous and bright as the stars of the heaven above." When Chiniquy visited Hobart in 1879, a riot occurred when hundreds of Catholic opponents forced their way into the lecture hall. The meeting was abandoned and more than five hundred law enforcement personnel were employed for the next meeting, with thousands of protestors outside the building.

Chiniquy died in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on January 16, 1899.

To this day, some of Chiniquy's works are still promoted among Protestant Christians and Sola scriptura believers. One of his most well-known modern day followers was the American Fundamentalist cartoonist and comic book writer Jack Chick, notable for being the creator of the "Chick tracts"; he also published a comic-form adaptation of Chiniquy's autobiography Fifty Years in The Church of Rome, titled "The Big Betrayal". Chick strongly relied on Chiniquy's claims and books for writing his own anti-Catholic tracts.

St. Anne Colony
Chiniquy, then a Catholic priest, left Canada in the wake of a series of scandals. He was offered a fresh start by James Oliver Van de Velde, Bishop of Chicago, after Ignace Bourget, Bishop of Montreal, asked him to leave in 1851. Chiniquy founded and settled in St. Anne Colony, a village located in Kankakee County, Illinois in 1851. Chiniquy was suspended on 19 August 1856, for public insubordination by Bishop Anthony O'Regan, Van de Velde's successor in Chicago. Because he continued to celebrate Mass and administer the other sacraments, he was excommunicated on 3 September 1856. About two years later, on 3 August 1858, O'Regan's successor, Bishop James Duggan, formally and publicly reconfirmed Chiniquy's excommunication in St. Anne.

Chiniquy had definitively left the Catholic Church in 1858, and subsequently converted to Protestant Christianity in 1860. Along with many followers, he joined the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA). He was admitted as a Presbyterian minister on 1 February 1860. Within two years, Chiniquy, in trouble with the Presbytery of Chicago over his administration of charity funds and a college, according to Elizabeth Ann Kerr McDougall in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, sought a new connection in order to avoid an expensive presbytery trial. The college is identified in the Seventh Biennial Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Illinois as Saviour's College, founded in 1860; it is listed neither in Universities and Colleges nor Academies and Seminaries of various grades and courses, but in the Theological Seminaries and Church Schools class of institutions. The report states it "is designed to supply the educational wants of the colony brought by Father Chiniquy from Canada to this State, and to prepare men who will be fitted to preach the gospel in the regions whence he came." The report also quotes a description of the school, attributed to correspondence from a Montreal newspaper, unnamed in the report, that people, also unnamed in the report, "examined the day school or college, as the people there delight to call it" and wrote that it had five classes, ranging from students learning the alphabet to students learning the "intricacies of French and English grammar, composition, and the other studies of the school, besides the elements of Algebra, Latin, and Greek."

Alexander F. Kemp was chairman of the Synod of the Canada Presbyterian Church committee that examined Chiniquy's application for admission as a minister. According to Kemp, Chiniquy was involved in both presbytery and civil court proceedings connected with the administration of charitable funds and with what Kemp described as an educational institute. The Presbytery of Chicago charged him with un-ministerial and un-Christian conduct; Chiniquy was expected to answer these charges before the presbytery. At that stage of the proceedings, he and his congregation resolved to separate from the Presbytery of Chicago and the Old School (PCUSA), and to request recognition from the Canada Presbyterian Church. The Presbytery of Chicago charged Chiniquy with misrepresenting that a real college was in operation in St. Anne. After conducting an inquiry, Kemp suggested that Chiniquy and his congregation be admitted into the Canada Presbyterian Church.

In St. Anne, a religious society was incorporated in the state that was named the "Christian Catholic Church at St. Anne". It was classified as a Protestant religious association. Two years later, when it joined the PCUSA in 1860, it took the name of "First Presbyterian Church of St. Anne".

Archives
There is a Charles Chiniquy fonds at Library and Archives Canada. The archival reference number is R7160.

title: Charles Chiniquy


text:
Bernold of Constance

Bernold of Constance (c. 1054–Schaffhausen, September 16, 1100) was a chronicler and writer of tracts, and a defender of the Church reforms of Pope Gregory VII.

Life
He was educated at Constance under the renowned teacher Bernard of Constance. He attended the Lenten Synod of Rome, in 1079, at which Berengarius of Tours retracted his errors. Remaining in Italy till 1084, he likely attended the Council of Piacenza, on the proceedings of which he is the main authority. From his writings comes the well known statement that ambassadors of the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I appeared at Piacenza to drum support for the military campaigns against the Seljuq Turks. This possibly led to the First Crusade, the matter however remains unclear.

Once more at Constance, he attended the ordination of bishop Gebhard and was ordained priest himself by the papal legate. In 1086 he went with Bishop Gebhard as counsellors to Herman, contender for the Imperial crown, at the Battle of Pleichfeld. About the same time, he entered first the Benedictine Abbey of St Blasien in the Black Forest and then, in 1091, the Abbey of All Saints nearby in Schaffhausen, where he died.

Works
He wrote seventeen surviving tracts which are mostly apologetics for the pope's policy, defences of papal supremacy or vindications of men who advocated or enforced it in Germany. Chief among these are: De prohibendâ sacerdotum incontinentiâ (against married clergy); De damnatione schismaticorum and Apologeticus super excommunicationem Gregorii VII (justifying excommunication of schismatics and of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his partisans).

Of broader interest is Bernold's chronicle, Chronicon, the latter part of which is a terse record of contemporary events by a knowing and intelligent observer in the extreme Papal camp. The chronicle covers the years AD 1054-1000, with the earlier years being composed of brief summaries until the AD 1070’s, the remaining yearly annals are much longer and expansive. The chronicle mostly focuses on Papal court politics and the rivalry with the German clergy/nobility. Important current events like warfare, famines and deaths of public figures are also briefly recounted.

Bernold was the author of Micrologus de ecclesiasticis observationibus (c. 1085), a lengthy commentary on the papal liturgy that became an important medieval liturgical treatise. Thanks to him, the German church was provided with a fairly common sacramentary throughout the Empire. The form of the mass given in Micrologus was established for Hungary, too, about 1100, by order of the local bishops.

title: Bernold of Constance