text:
Goli Ameri

Goli Ameri (born September 26, 1956) is an Iranian-American businesswoman and former U.S. diplomat. She is the co-founder of StartItUp, a mobile technology platform that provides resources to aspiring entrepreneurs. She formerly served as Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Values and Diplomacy for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. Ameri ran for the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in 2004, and is a former U.S. Representative to the United Nations. She serves on the board of trustees of Freedom House, as well as on the Center for Middle East Public Policy advisory board of the RAND Corporation, a group of public and private sector leaders that provide guidance and support for RAND's Middle East research.

Early life and education
Ameri was born in Tehran, Iran. She came to the United States as a student in 1974 to attend Stanford University. There, she earned a B.A. in Communications and French Literature and, later, her M.A. in Communications. She also studied at the Sorbonne in Paris, France. She became a U.S. citizen in 1989.

Career
Ameri was founder and president of eTinium, Inc., a telecommunications consulting firm in Portland, Oregon. She is the author of over fifty market studies and wrote a bi-monthly industry analysis column for Telephony magazine. She has been quoted in such publications as The National Business Journals, The Oregonian, The Seattle Times, The San Jose Mercury News, and Internet Week and has been invited as a speaker and moderator to industry conferences worldwide. Prior to founding eTinium, Ameri was a director at U.S. Leasing, a former division of Ford Credit and Fleet Bank, in San Francisco.

She served on the steering committee of the Babson in Oregon M.B.A. program, and was a member of the Oregon Steering Committee on the Campaign for Undergraduate Education for Stanford University. She was a trustee and the Vice Chair for Development for the Catlin Gabel School, overseeing fundraising activities for the scholarship fund and teacher education. Ameri has also taught Junior Achievement classes in Oregon. She is fluent in English, French and Persian, as well as conversant in Spanish.

In October 2007, Ameri was named as one of the "100 Most Powerful Women in the Northwest" by The NW Women's Journal for her UN service and her position on the Advisory Board of the National Education for Women's Leadership program at the Hatfield School of Government at Portland State University.

Ameri received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor on May 11, 2008. The award is given annually to 100 recipients to pay tribute to the experiences and individual achievements of immigrants to the United States.

In 2012, the Carnegie Corporation of New York included Ameri in its annual list of "Immigrants: The Pride of America," which was published on July 4, 2012 in The New York Times. She also appeared in the 2012 PBS documentary "The Iranian Americans," which chronicles the history of Iranian immigrants to the United States after the 1979 revolution in Iran.

Ameri has periodically written op-eds about Iran, including in The Wall Street Journal and The Hill.

2004 campaign for Congress
In 2004, Ameri defeated small businessman Tim Phillips and software executive Jason Meshell to become the Oregon Republican Party's nominee for Oregon's 1st congressional district, in a challenge to then-three-term incumbent Democrat David Wu.

Ameri's campaign gained a great deal of attention from political insiders in Washington, D.C. because of her fast-paced fundraising skills. She was dubbed one of the National Republican Congressional Committee's "Super Six" candidates.

The contest received national attention when, late in the campaign, Wu admitted that he had been disciplined for attempted sexual assault of a female classmate while he was a student at Stanford in 1976. Ameri did not focus on the issue initially, but heavily pushed it in the closing days of her campaign. Wu won the 2004 election, but ultimately resigned in 2011 due to another sexual assault allegation.

United Nations
In 2004, Ameri was appointed by George W. Bush as one of three public members of the United States' delegation to the 61st session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, which meets annually in Geneva, Switzerland.

In the summer of 2005, President Bush appointed Ameri as the head of the United States' delegation to the United Nations General Assembly, which is headquartered in New York City. There, she worked on UN Management Reform, the creation of the UN Human Rights Council and, due to her background in the field of high-technology, on the Internet Governance Portfolio. She was sworn in by then-U.N. Ambassador John R. Bolton in September 2005 and served until the end of the session in December. She was confirmed retroactively by the United States Senate for this position on May 26, 2006.

Ameri has also spoken at events on Middle East issues, democracy promotion and UN reform nationwide, including a testimony before the United States Helsinki Commission's Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe hearing, "The Iran Crisis: A Transatlantic Response," as well as at the Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco, the World Affairs Council of Oregon, and the Conference on World Affairs at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

In cooperation with the World Affairs Council of Oregon, Ameri organized and hosted a visit by eight East Asian United Nations Ambassadors as part of a public diplomacy trip to Portland in the spring of 2007.

Assistant Secretary of State
On November 15, 2007, Ameri was nominated by President Bush to serve as Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, succeeding Dina Habib Powell and presiding over the Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. The Bureau is largely responsible for the United States government's public diplomacy efforts abroad. After a series of Senate hearings in January and February 2008, she was confirmed by the Senate for the position on March 13, 2008. Ameri was sworn in for the position on March 19, 2008.

As part of her duties, Ameri has traveled to different regions of the globe to promote cross-cultural understanding. Her first trip, in May 2008, was to the Persian Gulf, where she visited the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar to promote cultural and educational diplomacy in the region. In Dubai, Ameri met with alumni and officials of the International Visitor Leadership Program, which brings foreign participants to the United States each year to meet and confer with their professional counterparts. In addition, she met with Sheikh Hahyan bin Mubarak Al-Nahyan, UAE Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research and Chancellor of Zayed University in Abu Dhabi. In Qatar, Ameri delivered remarks at Qatar University.

In late May 2008, Ameri traveled to Brazil to review U.S. public diplomacy efforts and meet with local leaders. In the capital city of Brasilia, Ameri met with Brazilian Minister of Education Fernando Haddad and Minister Eliana Zugaib, acting head of the Cultural Section of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. While there, Ameri also announced an additional $1 million investment for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs' Fulbright Program and signed a new Fulbright Agreement with the Brazilian Foreign Ministry.

In June 2008, she traveled to Azerbaijan. During her trip, she signed an agreement on behalf of the United States with Azerbaijani Minister of Education Misir Mardanov to increase the number of Azerbaijani students studying in the United States. While in the capital city of Baku, Ameri also met with the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Mahmud Karimov and the leadership of the Academy's Manuscripts Institute, promising American help in preserving the country's ancient manuscripts. She concluded her trip with a meeting with Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev, where the two stressed the importance of American-Azerbaijani relations.

In July 2008, Ameri traveled to Indonesia to meet with educators, cultural experts, and alumni from U.S.-Indonesian exchange programs. While in the capital city of Jakarta, Ameri met with the Director General of Higher Education, Fasli Jalal, from the Ministry of National Education. Ameri also visited the American Indonesian Exchange Foundation (AMINEF) to meet with Fulbright Program alumni, board members, and staff.

Ameri appointed "The Nanny" star Fran Drescher as a United States Public Diplomacy Envoy on September 8, 2008, joining Michelle Kwan and Cal Ripken Jr. as the third celebrity appointed to this role. Drescher supports American public diplomacy efforts, including raising awareness of women's health issues, cancer awareness and patient empowerment. Drescher's first trip was to Romania, Hungary, Kosovo and Poland.

Ameri traveled to China and Vietnam as part of her duties in September 2008. In China, she met officials from the Ministry of Education. While in Vietnam, Ameri opened a new consultancy and information office of the U.S. Institute of International Education in Ho Chi Minh City.

As part of the U.S. government's Iraqi relief efforts, Ameri traveled to Baghdad, Iraq in October 2008, where she announced her bureau's Iraq Cultural Heritage Project efforts to renovate and improve the National Museum of Iraq.

Ameri's term as Assistant Secretary of State ended with the rest of the Bush Administration on January 20, 2009.

Red Cross and Red Crescent
On July 1, 2010, Ameri was appointed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies as Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Values and Diplomacy. In this position, she was tasked with increasing Red Cross and Red Crescent influence with policymakers and governments to better understand the needs of the people the organization serves worldwide. She retired from this position on July 1, 2012.

StartItUp
After her tenure at the Red Cross, Ameri co-founded StartItUp, a mobile technology platform that provides a range of resources including assessment, training, mentorship and a social network to aspiring entrepreneurs. The company has partnered with several cities in Southern California to provide mentorship and other guidance to small business owners and entrepreneurs planning to start their own businesses, including the cities of Long Beach and Bakersfield.

title: Goli Ameri


text: Category:Edgecombe County, North Carolina

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Gregg Alexander

Gregg Alexander (born Gregory Aiuto; May 4, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was the lead vocalist and frontman of the short-lived rock band New Radicals, who are best known for their 1998 single "You Get What You Give". The group disbanded after one album in 1999, with Alexander shifting focus onto production and songwriting work; he won a Grammy Award for his contributions to the 2003 single "The Game of Love" by Santana. He later co-wrote songs for the film Begin Again, including "Lost Stars", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Early life and career
Born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, Alexander was raised in a conservative Jehovah's Witness household. He received his first guitar at age 12 and taught himself to play several instruments. He and his sister, Caroline, played piano and Gregg composed songs. At age 14, he joined a band, The Circus, with his older brother, Stephen Aiuto, and classmates George Snow and John Mabarak. In 1984, they played their high school's battle of the bands, a competition that also included John Lowery (later known as John 5). At age 16, Alexander signed his first recording contract with A&M Records after playing his demo tapes for producer Rick Nowels. He released his debut album, Michigan Rain, in 1989 at age 19, to little notice. In 1992, he signed to Epic Records and released Intoxifornication, consisting largely of re-released songs from Michigan Rain, and was again ignored.

New Radicals
In 1997, Alexander formed New Radicals, a revolving-door band with no permanent members other than Alexander and his long-term collaborator Danielle Brisebois. In October 1998, they released the album Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too, which sold more than one million copies. The single "You Get What You Give" was released that autumn and was an international hit.

It was not long after New Radicals' success that Alexander became tired of the constant media attention and an exhausting touring schedule. In July 1999, "Someday We'll Know" was announced as the band's second single; several days later, Alexander announced he was disbanding New Radicals to focus on production work.

Post-New Radicals
Since the summer of 1999, Alexander has written and produced hit songs for several artists, including Brisebois, Enrique Iglesias, Texas, Geri Halliwell, S Club 7, Melanie C, Rod Stewart, Hanson, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Mónica Naranjo, and Ronan Keating (he co-produced and co-wrote the album Destination). Alexander's composition "The Game of Love", recorded by Santana and Michelle Branch, earned him a Best Pop Collaboration prize at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards.

AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described Alexander as "the catchiest, smartest professional mainstream pop songwriter of the early 2000s."

In 2004, a new Alexander track, "A Love Like That," was released, uncredited, on the Internet. It was suspected to be a New Radicals outtake, as some of the lyrics appeared in the booklet accompanying Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too. Also in 2004, Hanson released "Lost Without Each Other," co-written by Alexander, on their album Underneath.

In 2003, he wrote four songs on Iglesias' album 7, under the pseudonym Alex Ander.

"Why Can't We Make Things Work", written by Alexander (and Rick Nowels), was released by Any Dream Will Do winner Lee Mead on his self-titled album in November 2007. In 2010, Boyzone released the single "Love Is a Hurricane," written by Alexander and Brisebois.

Alexander co-wrote and co-produced the music for the musical romance film Begin Again, along with his longtime collaborators Brisebois and Nowels, as well as Nick Lashley. Their song "Lost Stars" was nominated for an Best Original Song at the 2015 Academy Awards. On the soundtrack album, Alexander, Brisebois, Nowels and Lashley are credited under the name Cessyl Orchestra.

On November 4, 2014, Alexander appeared and performed publicly for the first time in 15 years at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards, singing "Lost Stars."

Alexander assisted with production of The Struts' album Everybody Wants and co-wrote two songs: "The Ol' Switcheroo" and "Put Your Money on Me." He also co-wrote and provided backup vocals for Spencer Ludwig's 2016 single, "Right Into U"; and co-wrote (with Lashley and Nowels) the Kaiser Chiefs' 2019 song "The Only Ones".

On January 20, 2021, New Radicals reunited for a one-off performance of "You Get What You Give" on inauguration day for President Joe Biden. Used as a rally song at Biden campaign events, the song was a favorite of Joe's son Beau Biden, who died in 2015. The song's lyrics were recited by his sister Ashley during the eulogy at his funeral. The band had rejected offers to perform over the preceding 22 years, but wanted to honor this day and honor Beau, a military veteran. Prior to their performance on inauguration day, Alexander said: "We pledged if Joe [Biden] won, we'd get together and play our little song both in memory and in honor of our new president's patriot son Beau and also with the prayer of Joe being able to bring our country together again with compassion, honesty and justice for a change."

Since 2018, Alexander has been involved in writing sessions with Phil Thornalley and his 1970's singer-songwriter inspired music project, Astral Drive. Two songs co-written by Alexander have been released: "Take Back the World" and "This Is the Place".

In January 2024, Sophie Ellis-Bextor's "Murder on the Dancefloor", co-written by Alexander, became a viral hit due to its appearance in the film Saltburn. The resurgence of the song also carried over to social network TikTok, which expanded the song's popularity. It rocketed up to #2 on the UK Singles chart, and reached #51 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. This became the biggest hit for Alexander's career since "The Game of Love" in 2003.

Albums

 * Michigan Rain (1989)
 * Intoxifornication (1992)

Singles

 * "In the Neighborhood" (1989)
 * "Smokin' in Bed" (1992)
 * "The Truth" (1992)

Others

 * "Promise Tomorrow Tonight" (1994, duet with Danielle Brisebois on her album Arrive All over You)
 * "A Love Like That" (2003, digital download)

title: Gregg Alexander


text:
Rod Eddington

Sir Roderick Ian Eddington AO FTSE (born 2 January 1950) is an Australian businessman.

He was first appointed to the board of News Corporation in 1999 and still serves on the News Corp board, as well as the board of another of Rupert Murdoch's companies, 21st Century Fox, as well as the Herald and Weekly Times in Victoria.

, Eddington is chair of Lion and serves on the board of its Japanese parent company, Kirin. He is also chair of JP Morgan's Asia-Pacific Advisory Council, chair of Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, and a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council.

He has served in other senior positions including as CEO of British Airways.

Education and career
Coming from a country area where there were no high schools, Eddington went to Perth in 1963 to attend Christ Church Grammar School. He studied engineering at the University of Western Australia and graduated with first class honours in 1972. He continued his studies at UWA and completed the degree of Master of Engineering. In 1974, Eddington was the Rhodes Scholar from Western Australia. He completed his DPhil in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford and played eight first-class cricket matches for Oxford University Cricket Club in 1975 and 1976. He was President of Vincent's Club in 1977.

Eddington joined the Swire Group in 1979, working for its subsidiary Cathay Pacific, before being appointed Managing Director in 1992. Continuing his association with the airline industry; News Limited, subsidiary of News Corporation, appointed Eddington Chairman of Ansett Australia in January 1997, four years before the airline failed. News Corp had taken control of the airline with TNT in 1979. Eddington was appointed Deputy Chairman of News Limited in September 1998. He was further promoted to the News Corporation board in September 1999.

British Airways CEO
Eddington replaced former British Airways CEO Bob Ayling on 2 May 2000. He reversed many of the policies of his predecessor in early 2001, such as the unpopular ethnic-art tailfins. He steered the company in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks on New York City and Washington D.C..

In 2003, he retired the British Airways Concorde, a move viewed as controversial. Eddington stepped down as chief executive officer of British Airways on 30 September 2005, after more than five years in the position. He then returned to Australia to take up a position as the head of the Victorian Major Events Association, succeeding Steve Vizard. Eddington was replaced by Willie Walsh in October 2005 after he had followed a six-month shadow position.

Board memberships
In February 2006, Eddington served as a non-executive board member of JPMorgan representing Australia and New Zealand.

As of 2018, he still served on the boards of News Corp and 21st Century Fox. In April 2019 he joined the board of News Corp's Herald and Weekly Times in Victoria.

Eddington was appointed to the board of Lion in March 2011, and appointed chair in March 2012. He joined the parent company's board (Kirin) in March 2020, and holds these positions.

Eddington was:
 * chair of JP Morgan's Asia-Pacific Advisory Council;
 * chair of Infrastructure Partnerships Australia;
 * a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council; and
 * President of the Australia Japan Business Cooperation Committee.

Transport Study in Britain
On 1 December 2006, Eddington published a UK government-sponsored report into the future of Britain's transport infrastructure. Known as the Eddington Transport Study, it spelled out a plan to improve road and rail networks, as a "crucial enabler of sustained productivity and competitiveness". In its conclusions, the report highlighted Britain's transport networks that provide the right connections, in the right places, to support the journeys that matter to economic performance. But roads in particular were in serious danger of becoming so congested, the economy would suffer.

At the launch of the report Eddington told journalists and transport industry representatives introducing road pricing to encourage drivers to drive less was an "economic no-brainer". There was, he said "no attractive alternative". It would cut congestion by half by 2025, and bring benefits to the British economy totalling £28b.

The report also called for a programme of improvements to existing road and rail networks, the expansion of key airports, and adoption of the general principle that travellers should pay for the external costs of the pollution and congestion their journeys cause.

Transport Study in Victoria, Australia
Eddington has since delivered a report to the Victorian Government of Australia, the East West Link Needs Assessment report, which was met with mixed reactions. Economic commentators criticised the cost-benefit ratios of Eddington's proposals, which on Eddington's own analysis were marginal at best.

Honours
Eddington is a Council member of the Royal Institution of Australia.

Eddington received a British knighthood in 2005 for services to the aviation industry.

In 2012 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "for distinguished service to business and commerce through roles with a range of national and international economic, trade, infrastructure development and transport organisations", and was also elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.

In 2015 he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun by the Japanese Government for his "contribution to strengthening the economic relations between Australia and Japan".

title: Rod Eddington


text:
Genetic genealogy

Genetic genealogy is the use of genealogical DNA tests, i.e., DNA profiling and DNA testing, in combination with traditional genealogical methods, to infer genetic relationships between individuals. This application of genetics came to be used by family historians in the 21st century, as DNA tests became affordable. The tests have been promoted by amateur groups, such as surname study groups or regional genealogical groups, as well as research projects such as the Genographic Project.

about 30 million people had been tested. As the field developed, the aims of practitioners broadened, with many seeking knowledge of their ancestry beyond the recent centuries, for which traditional pedigrees can be constructed.

History
The investigation of surnames in genetics can be said to go back to George Darwin, a son of Charles Darwin and Charles' first cousin Emma Darwin. In 1875, George Darwin used surnames to estimate the frequency of first-cousin marriages and calculated the expected incidence of marriage between people of the same surname (isonymy). He arrived at a figure of 1.5% for cousin-marriage in the population of London, higher (3%-3.5%) among the upper classes and lower (2.25%) among the general rural population.

Surname studies
A famous study in 1998 examined the lineage of descendants of Thomas Jefferson's paternal line and male lineage descendants of the freed slave Sally Hemings.

Bryan Sykes, a molecular biologist at Oxford University, tested the new methodology in general surname research. His study of the Sykes surname, published in 2000, obtained results by looking at four STR markers on the male chromosome. It pointed the way to genetics becoming a valuable assistant in the service of genealogy and history.

Direct-to-consumer DNA testing
In 2000, Family Tree DNA was the first company to provide direct-to-consumer genetic testing for genealogy research. It initially offered eleven-marker Y-chromosome STR tests and HVR1 mitochondrial DNA tests but not multi-generational genealogy tests. In 2001, GeneTree was acquired by Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF), which provided free Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) tests. GeneTree later returned to genetic testing in conjunction with its Sorenson parent company until it was acquired by Ancestry.com in 2012.

In 2007, 23andMe was the first company to offer saliva-based direct-to-consumer testing, and the first to use autosomal DNA for ancestry testing. An autosome is one of the 22 chromosomes other than the X or Y chromosomes. They are transmitted from all ancestors in recent generations and so can be used to match with other testers who may be related. Companies were later also able to use this data to estimate how much of each ethnicity a customer has. FamilyTreeDNA entered this market in 2010, followed by AncestryDNA in 2012, and the number of tests grew rapidly. By 2018 autosomal testing had become the predominant type of test, and for many companies the only test they offered.

MyHeritage launched its testing service in 2016, allowing users to use cheek swabs to collect samples, and introduced new analysis tools in 2019: autoclusters (grouping matches visually into clusters) and family tree theories (suggesting conceivable relations between DNA matches by combining several MyHeritage trees and the Geni global family tree). Living DNA, founded in 2015, uses SNP chips to provide reports on autosomal ancestry, Y, and mtDNA ancestry.

By 2019, the combined total of customers at the four largest companies was 26 million. By August 2019, it was reported that about 30 million people had had their DNA tested for genealogical purposes.

GEDmatch said in 2018 that about half of their one million profiles were American. Due to the limited geographical distribution of DNA tests, there is inherent racism in the databases and results. The CEO of 23andME, Anne Wojcicki, said in 2020 that her company is "part of the problem." Experts in genetics and health inequities believe the inherent racism of these DNA analyses can be addressed by building diverse ethnocultural teams and encouraging Black, Indigenous and People of Color to get their DNA tested.

Genetic genealogy revolution
The publication of The Seven Daughters of Eve by Sykes in 2001, which described the seven major haplogroups of European ancestors, helped push personal ancestry testing through DNA tests into wide public notice. With the growing availability and affordability of genealogical DNA testing, genetic genealogy as a field grew rapidly. By 2003, the field of DNA testing of surnames was declared officially to have "arrived" in an article by Jobling and Tyler-Smith in Nature Reviews Genetics. The number of firms offering tests, and the number of consumers ordering them, rose dramatically. In 2018, a paper in Science Magazine estimated that a DNA genealogy search on anybody of European descent would result in a third cousin or closer match 60% of the time.

Genographic Project
The original Genographic Project was a five-year research study launched in 2005 by the National Geographic Society and IBM, in partnership with the University of Arizona and Family Tree DNA. Its goals were primarily anthropological. The project announced that by April 2010 it had sold more than 350,000 of its public participation testing kits, which test the general public for either twelve STR markers on the Y chromosome or mutations on the HVR1 region of the mtDNA.

The phase of the project in 2016 was Geno 2.0 Next Generation. As of 2018, almost one-million participants in over 140 countries had joined the project.

Typical customers and interest groups
Genetic genealogy has enabled groups of people to trace their ancestry even though they are not able to use conventional genealogical techniques. This may be because they do not know one or both of their birth parents or because conventional genealogical records have been lost, destroyed or never existed. These groups include adoptees, foundlings, Holocaust survivors, GI babies, child migrants, descendants of children from orphan trains and people with slave ancestry.

The earliest test takers were customers most often those who started with a Y-chromosome test to determine their father's paternal ancestry. These men often took part in surname projects. The first phase of the Genographic Project brought new participants into genetic genealogy. Those who tested were as likely to be interested in direct maternal heritage as their paternal. The number of those taking mtDNA tests increased. The introduction of autosomal SNP tests based on microarray chip technology changed the demographics. Women were as likely as men to test themselves.

Citizen science and ISOGG
Members of the genetic genealogy community have been credited with making useful contributions to knowledge in the field, an example of citizen science.

One of the earliest interest groups to emerge was the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG). Their stated goal is to promote DNA testing for genealogy. Members advocate the use of genetics in genealogical research and the group facilitates networking among genetic genealogists. Since 2006 ISOGG has maintained the regularly updated ISOGG Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree. ISOGG aims to keep the tree as up-to-date as possible, incorporating new SNPs. However, the tree has been described by academics as not completely academically verified, phylogenetic trees of Y chromosome haplogroups.

Direct maternal lineages
mtDNA testing involves sequencing at least part of the mitochondria. The mitochondria is transmitted from mother to child, and so can reveal information about the direct maternal line. When two individuals have matching or near mitochondria, it can be inferred that they share a common maternal-line ancestor at some point in the recent past.

Direct paternal lineages
Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) testing involves short tandem repeat (STR) and, sometimes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) testing of the Y-Chromosome, which is present only in males and only reveals information on the strict-paternal line. As with the mitochondria, close matches with individuals indicate a recent common ancestor. Because surnames in many cultures are transmitted down the paternal line, this testing is often used by surname DNA projects.

While early studies using STRs made bold claims that large numbers of men descend from prominent historical individuals (e.g. Niall of the Nine Hostages and Genghis Khan), more recent SNP studies have shown many of these to be invalid. In particular, STR mutations are now known to be largely unreliable in proving kinship, as these mutations can appear in multiple unrelated lineages by chance. SNP testing is necessary to prove a true relationship, as these mutations are considered so rare that they could only have arisen in one individual in history. In the few cases where the same SNP mutation occurs in different lineages, the accompanying SNPs ensure its recognition as a de novo mutation.

Pedigree family trees
Pedigree family trees have traditionally been prepared from recollections of individuals about their parents and grandparents. These family trees may be extended if recollections of earlier generations were preserved through oral tradition or written documents. Some genealogists regard oral tradition as myths unless confirmed with written documentation like birth certificates, marriage certificates, census reports, headstones, or notes in family bibles. Few written records are kept by illiterate populations, and many documents have been destroyed by warfare or natural disasters. DNA comparison may offer an alternative means of confirming family relationships of biological parents, but may be confused by adoption or when a mother conceals the identity of the father of her child.

While mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA matching offer the most definitive confirmation of ancestral relationships, the information from a tested individual is relevant to a decreasing fraction of their ancestors from earlier generations. Potential ambiguity must be considered when seeking confirmation from comparison of autosomal DNA. The first source of ambiguity arises from the underlying similarity of every individual's DNA sequence. Many short gene segments will be identical by coincidental recombination (Identical by State: IBS) rather than inheritance from a single ancestor (Identical by Descent: IBD). Segments of greater length offer increased confidence of a shared ancestor. A second source of ambiguity results from the random distribution of genes to each child of a parent. Only identical twins inherit exactly the same gene segments. Although a child inherits exactly half of their DNA from each parent, the percentage inherited from any given ancestor in an earlier generation (with the exception of X chromosome DNA) varies within a normal distribution around a median value of 100% divided by the number of ancestors in that generation. An individual comparing autosomal DNA with ancestors of successively earlier generations will encounter an increasing number of ancestors from whom they inherited no DNA segments of significant length. Since individuals inherit only a small portion of their DNA from each of their great-grandparents, cousins descended from the same ancestor may not inherit the same DNA segments from that ancestor. All descendants of the same parent or grandparent, and nearly all descendants of the same great-grandparent, will share gene segments of significant length; but approximately 10% of 3rd cousins, 55% of 4th cousins, 85% of 5th cousins, and more than 95% of more distant cousins will share no gene segments of significant length. Failure to share a gene segment of significant length does not disprove the shared ancestry of a distant cousin.

The best autosomal DNA method for confirming ancestry is to compare DNA with known relatives. A more complicated task is using a DNA database to identify previously unknown individuals who share DNA with the individual of interest; and then attempting to find shared ancestors with those individuals. The first problem with the latter procedure involves the relatively poor family history knowledge of most database populations. A significant percentage of individuals in many DNA databases have done DNA testing because they are uncertain of their parentage, and many who confidently identify their parents are unable or unwilling to share information about earlier generations. It may be easier to identify a shared ancestor in the fortunate situation of shared DNA between two individuals with comprehensive family trees, but finding multiple shared ancestors raises the question of from which of those ancestors was the shared segment inherited. Resolving that ambiguity typically requires finding a third individual sharing both the ancestor and the gene segment of interest.

Ancestral origins
A common component of many autosomal tests is a prediction of biogeographical origin, often called ethnicity. A company offering the test uses computer algorithms and calculations to make a prediction of what percentage of an individual's DNA comes from particular ancestral groups. A typical number of populations is at least 20. Despite this aspect of the tests being heavily promoted and advertised, many genetic genealogists have warned consumers that the results may be inaccurate, and at best are only approximate.

Modern DNA sequencing has identified various ancestral components in contemporary populations. A number of these genetic elements have West Eurasian origins. They include the following ancestral components, with their geographical hubs and main associated populations:

Human migration
Genealogical DNA testing methods have been used on a longer time scale to trace human migratory patterns. For example, they determined when the first humans came to North America and what path they followed.

For several years, researchers and laboratories from around the world sampled indigenous populations from around the globe in an effort to map historical human migration patterns. The National Geographic Society's Genographic Project aims to map historical human migration patterns by collecting and analyzing DNA samples from over 100,000 people across five continents. The DNA Clans Genetic Ancestry Analysis measures a person's precise genetic connections to indigenous ethnic groups from around the world.

Law enforcement
Law enforcement may use genetic genealogy to track down perpetrators of violent crimes such as murder or sexual assault and they may also use it to identify deceased individuals. Initially genetic genealogy sites GEDmatch and Family Tree DNA allowed their databases to be used by law enforcement and DNA technology companies to do DNA testing for violent criminal cases and genetic genealogy research at the request of law enforcement. This investigative, or forensic, genetic genealogy technique became popular after the arrest of the alleged Golden State Killer in 2018, but has received significant backlash from privacy experts. However, in May 2019 GEDmatch made their privacy rules more restrictive, thereby reducing the incentive for law enforcement agencies to use their site. Other sites such as Ancestry.com, 23andMe and MyHeritage have data policies that say that they would not allow their customer data to be used for crime solving without a warrant from law enforcement as they believed it violated users' privacy.

Books

 * Early book on adoptions, paternity and other relationship testing. Carmichael is a founder of GeneTree.
 * Survey of major populations.
 * Out of date but still worth reading.
 * Early guide for do-it-yourself genealogists.
 * Guide to the subject of family medical history and genetic diseases.
 * Names the founders of Europe's major female haplogroups Helena, Jasmine, Katrine, Tara, Velda, Xenia, and Ursula.
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
 * Out of date but still worth reading.
 * Early guide for do-it-yourself genealogists.
 * Guide to the subject of family medical history and genetic diseases.
 * Names the founders of Europe's major female haplogroups Helena, Jasmine, Katrine, Tara, Velda, Xenia, and Ursula.
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
 * Names the founders of Europe's major female haplogroups Helena, Jasmine, Katrine, Tara, Velda, Xenia, and Ursula.
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
 * "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".

title: Genetic genealogy


text:
User talk:Esb82

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Esb82


text:
Irish grid reference system

The Irish grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used for paper mapping in Ireland (both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland). The Irish grid partially overlaps the British grid, and uses a similar co-ordinate system but with a meridian more suited to its westerly location.

Usage
In general, neither Ireland nor Great Britain uses latitude or longitude in describing internal geographic locations. Instead grid reference systems are used for mapping.

The national grid referencing system was devised by the Ordnance Survey, and is heavily used in their survey data, and in maps (whether published by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland or commercial map producers) based on those surveys. Additionally grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources, such as guide books or government planning documents.

2001 recasting: the ITM grid
In 2001, the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland jointly implemented a new coordinate system for Ireland called Irish Transverse Mercator, or ITM, a location-specific optimisation of UTM, which runs in parallel with the existing Irish grid system. In both systems, the true origin is at 53° 30' N, 8° W — a point in Lough Ree, close to the western (Co. Roscommon) shore, whose grid reference is. The ITM system was specified so as to provide precise alignment with modern high-precision global positioning receivers.

Grid letters
The area of Ireland is divided into 25 squares, measuring 100 by, each identified by a single letter. The squares are numbered A to Z with I being omitted. Seven of the squares do not actually cover any land in Ireland: A, E, K, P, U, Y and Z.

Eastings and northings
Within each square, eastings and northings from the origin (south west corner) of the square are given numerically. For example, G0305 means 'square G, 3 km east, 5 km north'. A location can be indicated to varying resolutions numerically, usually from two digits in each coordinate (for a 1 km square) through to five (for a 1 m) square; the most common usage is the six figure grid reference, employing three digits in each coordinate to determine a 100 m square.

Coordinates may also be given relative to the origin of the entire 500 by grid (in the format easting, northing). For example, the location of the Spire of Dublin on O'Connell Street may be given as 315904, 234671 as well as O1590434671. Coordinates in this format must never be truncated, because, for example, 31590, 23467 is also a valid location.

Summary parameters of the Irish Grid coordinate system

 * Spheroid: Airy Modified,
 * Datum: 1965,
 * Map projection: Transverse Mercator
 * Latitude of Origin: 53°30'00 N
 * Longitude of Origin: 8°00'00 W
 * Scale Factor: 1.000 035
 * False Easting: 200000 m
 * False Northing: 250000 m

title: Irish grid reference system


text:
User talk:Cpcallen

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Stopping by to say Hi
Tim Nafziger here. Just thought I'd stop by and leave a message. mennonot 14:24, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cpcallen


text:
SS Henry Bacon

The Liberty ship SS Henry Bacon was the last allied ship sunk by the Luftwaffe in World War II. Twenty two crew members and seven members of the United States Navy Armed Guard lost their lives in this action. The vessel was named after Henry Bacon, the American architect who designed and built many monuments and settings for public sculpture, including the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

World War II
The Henry Bacon was one of the thirty-eight merchant ships in convoy RA 64, which departed Kola Inlet, Murmansk, North Russia bound for Loch Ewe, Gourock, Scotland on Friday, 17 February 1945. The crew complement under Captain Alfred Carini was forty-one merchant seamen and twenty-six US Navy Armed Guard. The Henry Bacon was in ballast and carrying nineteen Norwegian civilian refugees, including women and children, as passengers.

Before the convoy set sail, news had been received of a German attack on Norwegian patriots living on the island of Sørøya, in the approaches to the former German naval anchorage at Altafjord. The British Royal Navy had sent four destroyers to the scene and had rescued 500 men, women and children. These refugees were distributed among the ships of the convoy for passage to England.

On the afternoon of the Saturday, 18 February, the weather deteriorated to force 8 on the Beaufort scale, and the escort carriers were unable to operate aircraft. That night the storm intensified with winds gusting up to sixty knots (110 km/h) with a heavy sea and swell. The convoy split up and began to disperse. The storm continued through Sunday, 19 February.

On 20 February, the storm abated and the escort vessels started to round up the scattered ships. At 4 am the convoy had been detected by aircraft, and by 9 am twenty-nine of the ships were back on station with four still straggling.

Then, on 22 February, the convoy ran into one of the worst storms ever recorded in the Barents Sea. Once again the convoy began to split up and was blown apart. The weather deteriorated to Beaufort scale force 12 with winds at 70 to 90 knots and temperatures 40 below zero. During this storm, one of the main springs on the Henry Bacon's steering gear was broken, and the retaining pin was sheared. This damage caused the Henry Bacon to drop out of the convoy to effect repairs.

Fate
Around 1500 GCT on 23 February 1945, the Henry Bacon was some 50 to 60 nautical miles astern of the main convoy when she was attacked by twenty-three Junkers Ju 88 and Ju 188's torpedo bombers of Luftwaffe Group KG26, out of Bardufoss, Norway, some 250 miles (400 km) away. The Germans were on their way to attack the main convoy, and thought they could finish the lone straggler easily. The Henry Bacon was armed with eight 20 mm anti-aircraft guns, with a 5-inch (127 mm) gun aft and a 3 in (76 mm) gun forward. The ship's Naval Armed Guard gunners fought the attacking planes for over an hour, shot down five planes, damaged at least four others and managed to defend against several torpedoes by causing their detonation before they reached the ship.

At 1520 GCT, one torpedo struck the starboard side of the No.5 hold, and detonated the aft ammunition magazine. A large hole was torn in the hull. The rudder, propeller and steering engine were destroyed. The ship settled by the stern and sank within an hour. This action helped save the main convoy, as most of the German planes were forced to return to base owing to battle damage, low fuel, and low ammunition.

The Henry Bacon was abandoned at 1600 GCT at 67.38N 05.00E. Lifeboats No. 1 and No. 2 were launched safely. The No. 3 boat capsized while being lowered, and because the davits to the No. 4 boat had been damaged in the storm, this boat was also lost. Three of the four life rafts had been released prematurely and had drifted away. The two surviving lifeboats were filled to capacity with all of the Norwegian passengers and some members of the crew.

This left a number of crew members stranded aboard the Henry Bacon. When this situation became known to Chief Engineer Donald Haviland, he insisted that he would give his place in the lifeboat to a younger crew member and died with the ship. That crew member's name was Robert Tatosky. For his sacrifice, Chief Engineer Haviland was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the highest award for the men of the Merchant Marine.

The Bosun, Holcomb Lammon, collected dunnage from the deck and lashed it into a makeshift life-raft. Six Armed Guard and five merchant crew owe their lives to this raft. Lammon also died with the ship, and he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.

Aftermath
The survivors were rescued by crew members from three British destroyers, HMS Zambesi (R66), HMS Opportune (G80) and HMS Zelast. By this time the men in the water were so cold they were unable to help themselves, so the British sailors had to jump into the freezing sea with ropes tied around their waists to help them. When it was over, all of the Norwegian civilians had survived, nine Naval Armed Guard gunners, and two Navy signalmen were lost at sea. Captain Carini and fifteen fellow Merchant Marine crewmen were also lost. In 1946, Captain Carini was posthumously awarded the Krigskorset med Sverd or Norwegian War Cross with Sword. This is Norway's highest military award for gallantry and he is one of only two Americans, and 126 foreigners to have received this award.

Some of the surviving crew members from the Henry Bacon were taken first to Iceland and then to Scapa Flow. There, King Haakon VII of Norway presented them with the Norwegian War Medal, but not before they were interrogated as suspected German spies who had been planted in the water later, since no one believed that anybody could have survived two hours in the freezing waters. After being found innocent, the survivors returned to the United States on the USS Wakefield (AP-21), where they arrived at Newport News, Virginia, on 20 March 1945.

title: SS Henry Bacon


text: User talk:199.72.70.40

title: User talk:199.72.70.40


text: User talk:65.185.71.91

title: User talk:65.185.71.91


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gravity, Molecular Reaction Rates, Relativistic Fields and the Hulk: a Beginners Guide

Gravity, Molecular Reaction Rates, Relativistic Fields and the Hulk: a Beginners Guide was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 10 votes to delete, 2 votes to keep. Postdlf 22:41, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Gravity, Molecular Reaction Rates, Relativistic Fields and the Hulk: a Beginners Guide
I'd enjoy this very much, maybe, if I read it on a comics website. But it's totally unsuited for Wikipedia: totally unwikified, written in-character about the Marvel Universe -- someone, I'm afraid, does not know what Wikipedia is. I don't know of any other Wikimedia project it could be transwiki'ed to; does Wikisource accept this sort of thing? -- Antaeus Feldspar 23:16, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Is it original or confirmed as a copyvio? -- Netoholic @ 02:21, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)
 * I have no idea what evidence Lucky 6.9 had that it was a copyvio. The OP denied the charge on my talk page (apparently thinking I was the one who put the copyvio tag on) saying it was original.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 02:30, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep, no evidence of it being a copyright violation has been provided. -- Old Right 02:49, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Again, it was not nominated for VfD because it was a copyvio, or by the person who believed it was a copyvio. It was nominated for VfD because it appears to be original research about the Incredible Hulk.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:30, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Regardless of its copyright status, it's a fanfiction essay, or something of the like. It's not an article, and can hardly be turned into one. Delete. --Slowking Man 03:25, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Fiction outside of its context. Geogre 03:54, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. Fan-fic, and not notable if turned into an article abt this fan-fic. --Jerzy(t) 14:27, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)
 * Del. Fan fiction, nonsense, nonencyclopedic. Paulr 14:30, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yet more fan fiction utterly inappropriate to Wikipedia. Average Earthman 14:43, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP - Just reword the article and put something in it that mentions that it is fictional. -- Crevaner 14:45, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE Publish your fanfiction on your own blogs. Not here. -R. fiend 15:12, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Del, encourage author to move to fiction wikibook. +sj +
 * Delete. Fancruft, possibly original research. --Improv 15:32, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non encyclopedic. Jayjg 16:32, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Another one for the fan sites. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:20, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Neudorf

Neudorf (German for "new village") may refer to:

Austria

 * Neudorf bei Staatz, in the district of Mistelbach, Lower Austria
 * Wiener Neudorf, in the district of Mödling, Lower Austria
 * Neudorf bei Parndorf, in Burgenland
 * Neudorf bei Passail, in Styria

Canada

 * Neudorf, Saskatchewan, a town located in the south east corner of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan

Czechia

 * Nová Ves (Louny District), German name Neudorf, a village and municipality in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region
 * Nová Ves (Sokolov District), German name Neudorf, a village and municipality in Sokolov District in the Karlovy Vary Region
 * Převýšov, German name Neudorf, a village and municipality located about 4 km west of Chlumec nad Cidlinou

France

 * Neudorf (Strasbourg), a district in the south of Strasbourg
 * Neudorf, German name of Village-Neuf, a municipality in the Haut-Rhin department

Germany

 * Neudorf (Wächtersbach), a village on the Kinzig in Wächtersbach, Hesse
 * Neudorf, Saxony-Anhalt, a town in the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt
 * Neudorf, Sehmatal, a district of the municipality Sehmatal in Saxony, Germany
 * Neudorf, a locality of Amorbach in northern Bavaria
 * Neudorf, a locality of Pegnitz in northern Bavaria
 * Graben-Neudorf, a town in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg
 * Neudorf-Bornstein, a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein
 * Kreba-Neudorf, a district of the municipality Kreba in eastern Saxony
 * Neudorf/Spree, a district of the municipality Malschwitz in eastern Saxony
 * Neudorf, a village of the municipality Neschwitz in eastern Saxony
 * Neudorf, a village of the municipality Königswartha in eastern Saxony
 * Neudorf, a district of the municipality Zeithain in eastern Saxony

Luxembourg

 * Neudorf-Weimershof, a neighbourhood within the city of Luxembourg

Poland

 * Ciecierzyn, Opole Voivodeship, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Byczyna, Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship
 * Łozice, Koszalin County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Grudziądz County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Gmina Golub-Dobrzyń, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Golub-Dobrzyń, Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Gmina Pleszew, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pleszew, Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Iława County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iława, Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeshi
 * Nowa Wieś, Kartuzy County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeshi
 * Nowa Wieś, Kościan County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śmigiel, Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś Kłodzka, a village in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship formerly known as Neudorf
 * Nowa Wieś Kwidzyńska, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś Legnicka, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Legnickie Pole, Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś Lubińska, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Polkowice, Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Międzyrzecz County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bledzew, Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship
 * Nowinki, Nowy Dwór Gdański County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Dwór Gdański, Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś Oleska, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzów Śląski, Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś Prudnicka, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała, Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Wągrowiec County, German name Neudorf, a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wągrowiec, Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
 * Nowa Wieś, Wschowa County, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wschowa, Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship
 * Polska Nowa Wieś, former German name Polnisch Neudorf
 * Prosinko, German name Neudorf, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Siemiradz, Lubusz Voivodeship, former German name Neudorf, a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebiel, Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship

New Zealand

 * Neudorf, a former German settlement in Tasman District

Romania

 * Neudorf, Arad (Temesújfalu), a village in Zăbrani Commune, Arad County
 * Ohaba, German name Neudorf, a commune located in Alba County
 * Certeze, German name Neudorf, Satu Mare County
 * Neudorf, the German name for Ciceu-Corabia village, Ciceu-Mihăiești Commune, Bistriţa-Năsăud County
 * Neudorf, the German name for Nou Săsesc village, Laslea Commune, Sibiu County
 * Neudorf, the German name for Nou village, Roșia, Sibiu Commune, Sibiu County

Russia

 * Noidorf (Нойдорф), industrial and business park in the special economic zone in Strelna near Saint Petersburg

Serbia

 * Neudorf, the former name of the village currently named Bačko Novo Selo

Slovenia

 * Nova Vas, Preddvor, German name Neudorf, in the Upper Carniola region
 * Nova Vas pri Mokricah, German name Neudorf, in the Municipality of Brežice
 * Nova Vas, Ivančna Gorica, German name Neudorf, a village in the hills south of Višnja Gora in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica
 * Zavrh, Litija, German name Neudorf, a settlement north of Dole in the Municipality of Litija

Switzerland

 * Neudorf, Lucerne, in the Canton of Lucerne

Ukraine

 * Nove Selo, Drohobych Raion, named Neudorf from 1783 to 1938

People with the surname

 * Darryl Neudorf (born 1964), Canadian musician, record producer and audio engineer
 * Nathan Neudorf (fl. from 2019), Canadian politician from Alberta
 * Tara (von Neudorf) (born 1974), Romanian artist

title: Neudorf


text:
Ayn Rand Institute

The Ayn Rand Institute: The Center for the Advancement of Objectivism, commonly known as the Ayn Rand Institute (ARI), is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit think tank in Santa Ana, California, that promotes Objectivism, the philosophy developed by Ayn Rand. The organization was established in 1985, three years after Rand's death, by businessman Ed Snider and Leonard Peikoff, Rand's legal heir.

Ideas promoted by the Ayn Rand Institute include atheism, capitalism, libertarianism and individual rights. The ARI has supported the American Tea Party movement and opposed the United States' wars against Afghanistan and Iraq. A critic of government spending, the organization took a federal loan of between $350,000 and $1 million in 2020 under the Paycheck Protection Program.

The institute's stated goal is to "create a culture whose guiding principles are reason, rational self-interest, individualism and laissez-faire capitalism." ARI has several educational and outreach programs, which include providing intellectuals for public appearances, supporting Objectivist campus clubs, supplying Rand's writings to schools and professors, assisting overseas Objectivist institutions, organizing annual conferences and running the Objectivist Academic Center.

History
Peikoff, her legal heir, was convinced to found the Ayn Rand Institute after businessman Ed Snider organized a meeting of possible financial supporters in New York in the fall of 1983. Peikoff then agreed to be the first chairman of the organization's board of directors.

In 1983, a group of Objectivists, including George Reisman, organized the Jefferson School of Philosophy, Economics and Politics. The Jefferson School held a two-week-long conference at the University of California, San Diego later that year, a conference which continued to occur every two years and is the predecessor of ARI's current annual Objectivist Conference.

ARI began operations on February 1, 1985, three years after Rand's death, in Marina del Rey, California. The first board of directors included Snider and psychologist Edith Packer. Snider was also one of the founding donors for the organization along with educational entrepreneur Carl Barney. Its first executive director was Michael Berliner, who was previously the chairman of the Department of Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education at California State University, Northridge. ARI also established a board of governors, which initially included Harry Binswanger, Robert Hessen, Edwin Locke, Arthur Mode, George Reisman, Jay Snider, and Mary Ann Sures, with Peter Schwartz as its chairman. M. Northrup Buechner and George Walsh joined the board of advisors shortly thereafter.

ARI's first two projects were aimed at students. One was developing a network of college clubs to study Objectivism. The other was a college scholarship contest for high-school students based on writing an essay about Rand's novel The Fountainhead. Later, additional essay contests were added based on Anthem, We the Living and Atlas Shrugged. In 1988, ARI began publishing Impact, a newsletter for contributors.

In 1989, a philosophical dispute resulted in ARI ending its association with philosopher David Kelley. Some members of the board of advisors agreed with Kelley and also left, including George Walsh. Kelley subsequently founded his own competing institute now known as The Atlas Society, which remains critical of ARI's stance on strict loyalty to Rand's principles.

In 1994, ARI launched the Objectivist Graduate Center, which offered both distance-learning and in-person courses.

In January 2000, Berliner retired as executive director, replaced by Yaron Brook, then an assistant professor of finance at Santa Clara University. Onkar Ghate began working for ARI later that year and ARI launched the Objectivist Academic Center.

In 2002, ARI moved from Marina del Rey to larger offices in Irvine, California. In 2003, ARI launched the Anthem Fellowship for the Study of Objectivism, a fellowship that financially supports universities who have Objectivist professors.

Charity Navigator, which rates charitable and educational organizations to inform potential donors, gives ARI two out of four stars in 2020. , ARI's board of directors consists of Brook; Tsfany; Harry Binswanger, philosopher and long-time associate of Rand; Tara Smith, professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin; and John Allison, board member and former CEO of the Cato Institute and former CEO of BB&T.; Larry Salzman of the Pacific Legal Foundation; Tim Blum, a Chicago real-estate developer; Robert Mayhew, professor of philosophy at Seton Hall University; Jim Brown, CFA; Onkar Ghate, Chief Philosophy Officer of the institute.

Peikoff retains a cooperative and influential relationship with ARI. In 2006, he remarked that he approved of the work ARI has done and in November 2010 that the executive director "has done a splendid job". Peikoff was a featured speaker at the 2007 and 2010 Objectivist Conferences. In August 2010, he demanded a change to ARI's board of directors, resulting in the resignation of John McCaskey.

A central goal for ARI throughout the 2010s has been to spread Objectivism globally. ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Center Israel in 2012, the Ayn Rand Institute Europe in 2015 and the Ayn Rand Center Japan in 2017. Each of these organizations are separate legal entities from the United States-based ARI, but they are all affiliated with ARI.

In January 2017, ARI announced Jim Brown as its CEO, succeeding Yaron Brook as its operational executive. In June 2018, Tal Tsfany, co-founder of the Ayn Rand Center Israel, took over as the president and CEO of ARI.

In 2020, ARI received a Paycheck Protection Program loan of between $350K and $1 million,  which Binswanger and Ghate described as "partial restitution for government-inflicted losses". The decision was criticized due to the incongruity of some organizations previously opposed to federal spending receiving the funds during the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic impact on small businesses.

Programs
ARI runs a variety of programs, many of which are aimed at students. It sends free books to schools, sponsors student essay contests and campus clubs and offers financial assistance to students applying to graduate school. It also has an online bookstore, offers internships for current and recently graduated college students and provides speakers for public lectures and media appearances.

Ideas promoted
ARI promotes Objectivism, the philosophy developed by Ayn Rand. ARI sponsors writers and speakers who apply Objectivism to contemporary issues, including philosophy, politics and art.

Since Objectivism advocates atheism, ARI promotes the separation of church and state and its writers argue that the religious right poses a threat to individual rights. They have argued against displaying religious symbols such as the Ten Commandments in government facilities and against faith-based initiatives. ARI intellectuals argue that religion is incompatible with American ideals and opposes the teaching of "intelligent design" in public schools.

ARI is strongly supportive of free speech and opposes all forms of censorship, including laws that ban obscenity and hate speech. In response to the Muhammad cartoons controversy, ARI started a Free Speech Campaign in 2006. Steve Simpson, formerly director of legal studies at ARI, has argued that campaign finance is a free speech issue and that laws that limit it are a violation of the First Amendment. Accordingly, Simpson and ARI strongly supports Citizens United.

ARI holds that the motivation for Islamic terrorism comes from their religiosity, not poverty or a reaction to Western policies. They have urged that the United States use overwhelming, retaliatory force to "end states who sponsor terrorism", using whatever means are necessary to end the threat. In his article "End States Who Sponsor Terrorism", which was published as a full page ad in The New York Times, Peikoff wrote: "The choice today is mass death in the United States or mass death in the terrorist nations. Our Commander-In-Chief must decide whether it is his duty to save Americans or the governments who conspire to kill them." Although some at ARI initially supported the invasion of Iraq, it has criticized how the Iraq War was handled. Since October 2, 2001, ARI has held that Iran should be the primary target in the war against "Islamic totalitarianism".

ARI is generally supportive of Israel. Of Zionism, Yaron Brook writes: "Zionism fused a valid concern – self-preservation amid a storm of hostility – with a toxic premise – ethnically based collectivism and religion." ARI is highly critical of environmentalism and animal rights, arguing that they are destructive to human well-being. ARI is also highly critical of diversity and affirmative action programs as well as multiculturalism, arguing that they are based on racist premises that ignore the commonality of a shared humanity. ARI supports women's right to choose abortion, voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide.

ARI denounces neoconservatism in general. For example, C. Bradley Thompson wrote an article entitled "The Decline and Fall of American Conservatism", which was later turned with Yaron Brook into a book called Neoconservatism: An Obituary for an Idea.

Programs and activism
In October 2012, ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Center Israel (ARCI) to promote Objectivism in Israel and the Middle East. Its current director is Boaz Arad. In 2016, ARCI launched the Atlas Award for the Best Israeli Start-up, presented annually at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Judges for the award include Yaron Brook and Shlomo Kalish. Moovit was the first recipient of the award in 2016 and Zebra Medical Vision won the award in 2017.

The Jewish Chronicle and the Jerusalem Post described ARI as a right-wing organization.

In April 2015, ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Institute Europe to promote Objectivism in Europe. The current chairman of ARI Europe is Lars Seir Christensen, CEO and co-founder of Saxo Bank. In February 2017, ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Center Japan. ARI has also helped guide the independent Spain-based Objetivismo Internacional, which seeks to spread Objectivism in the Spanish-speaking world.

The Atlas Award
The stated goal of the Ayn Rand Institute Atlas Award is to encourage entrepreneurship. The institute states it is awarded to honour the most innovative entrepreneur who through wealth building and life enhancing enterprise ambition uses their technological developments to make the "world a better place" which reflects the essence of Ayn Rand's philosophy connecting these values "to one of the best parts of the Israeli economy". CEO of Moovit Nir Erez, the recipient of the award in 2016, sought to distance himself from controversial politics surrounding the Institute and award, stating “We are purely trying to focus on transportation and moving, not on political issues. On the contrary, we would like to be as apolitical as possible.”

Recipients include:
 * 2016 Moovit

title: Ayn Rand Institute


text: User talk:67.160.181.167

title: User talk:67.160.181.167


text:
Category talk:Applied mathematics

In both Category:Mathematics and Category:Academic disciplines
I added this category to Category:Academic disciplines because several major disciplines were buried so deeply (in this inside of the huge category of math). I think that this does basically belong in both categories, so its ok to break the rule in this case. — siro χ  o  23:19, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC) Is there anyway they can go more in depth and give examples. Aviator28 (talk) 00:08, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Applied mathematics


text:
Schielo

Schielo is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 August 2009, it is part of the town of Harzgerode. Basket weaving was common until in the early 20th century logging took over. Today agriculture, a number of small businesses, a caring home specialising in residential and nursing dementia care, as well as tourism related activities dominate the area.

Location
Schielo lies to the east of Harzgerode, to the north of Königerode and the B242 Cross-Harz-Highway and to the west of Molmerswende.

Hiking
While Schielo is outside the area of the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system, it is only three kilometers from the E11 european long distance path which runs from Ballenstedt to Wippra through the neighboring villages of Molmerswende and Steinbrücken. From Schielo, local trails lead to Anhalt Castle and Falkenstein Castle.

Notable people

 * Karl Blossfeldt (June 13, 1865 – December 9, 1932), photographer, born in Schielo.

title: Schielo


text: User talk:69.81.78.67

title: User talk:69.81.78.67


text:
The Greatest Songs Ever Written (By Us)

The Greatest Songs Ever Written (By Us) is a greatest hits compilation album released on November 9, 2004 by NOFX consisting of previously released songs that have been cleaned up and restored using a more recent technology. Some songs were even re-mixed for the compilation.

Track listing
All songs written by Fat Mike.
 * 1) "Dinosaurs Will Die" (Pump Up the Valuum)
 * 2) "Linoleum" (Punk in Drublic)
 * 3) "Bob" (White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean)
 * 4) "The Separation of Church and Skate" (The War on Errorism)
 * 5) "Murder the Government" (So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes)
 * 6) "Bleeding Heart Disease" (Heavy Petting Zoo)
 * 7) "Bottles to the Ground" (Pump Up The Valuum)
 * 8) "180 Degrees" (So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes)
 * 9) "Party Enema" (Surfer EP)
 * 10) "What's the Matter With Kids Today" (Heavy Petting Zoo)
 * 11) "Reeko" (Punk in Drublic)
 * 12) "Stickin In My Eye" (White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean)
 * 13) "All Outta Angst" (So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes)
 * 14) "Leave It Alone" (Punk in Drublic)
 * 15) "Green Corn" (Ribbed)
 * 16) "The Longest Line" (The Longest Line EP)
 * 17) "Thank God It's Monday" (Pump Up The Valuum)
 * 18) "The Idiots Are Taking Over" (The War On Errorism)
 * 19) "Don't Call Me White" (Punk in Drublic)
 * 20) "Day To Daze" (S&M Airlines)
 * 21) "Soul Doubt" (White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean)
 * 22) "Philthy Phil Philanthropist" (Heavy Petting Zoo)
 * 23) "Shut Up Already" (Liberal Animation)
 * 24) "It's My Job to Keep Punk Rock Elite" (So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes)
 * 25) "Franco Un-American" (The War On Errorism)
 * 26) "Kill All The White Man" (The Longest Line EP)
 * 27) "Wore Out The Soles Of My Party Boots" (previously unreleased)

Personnel

 * Fat Mike – bass, vocals, keyboards
 * El Hefe – guitar, trumpet, vocals (tracks 1–14, 16-19 and 21–22, 24–27)
 * Eric Melvin – guitar, vocals
 * Erik Sandin – drums, percussion
 * Steve Kidwiller – guitar, vocals (tracks 15 and 20)
 * Dave Casillas – guitar (track 23)
 * Bryan Wynacht – cover pool photography

title: The Greatest Songs Ever Written (By Us)


text: Category:Districts of Suriname

title: Category:Districts of Suriname


text: Talk:The Greatest Songs Ever Written (By Us)


text:
Richard Thorpe

Richard Thorpe (born Rollo Smolt Thorpe; February 24, 1896 – May 1, 1991) was an American film director best known for his long career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

His obituary called him "a capable and versatile director willing to take on any assignment the studio handed him." He said "I just take them on as they come."

Thorpe also said "I'm happy to do any kind of picture. If there's a good script I think any director can make a good picture. Actually if it says in the script what you do, I don't see why anybody can't make it."

One associate said "“He was a company man, a very pleasant, good-looking, nice, well-behaved guy who took pride in being efficient like some businessman would take pride in the way he ran his bank.”

His two favorite films were Night Must Fall (1937) and Two Girls and a Sailor (1944). "They were new and different experiences," said Thorpe.

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Thorpe has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6101 Hollywood Blvd. In 2003 a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars in Palm Springs, California was dedicated to him and his son Jerry.

Biography
Born Rollo Smolt Thorpe in Hutchinson, Kansas, Richard Thorpe began his entertainment career performing in vaudeville and onstage. In 1921 he began in motion pictures as an actor and directed his first silent film in 1923. He went on to direct more than one hundred and eighty films.

He worked frequently at the Poverty Row studio Chesterfield Pictures during the 1930s.

MGM
Thorpe later estimated he "did 72 Westerns, four comedies, 12 serials and 36 independent productions before coming to Metro."

The first full-length motion picture he directed for MGM was Last of the Pagans (1935) starring Ray Mala. Thorpe was assigned to Tarzan Escapes which was a huge success as was Night Must Fall.

The Wizard of Oz
Thorpe is known as the original director of The Wizard of Oz (1939). He was fired after two weeks of shooting because it was felt that his scenes did not have the right air of fantasy about them. Thorpe notoriously gave Judy Garland a blonde wig and cutesy "baby-doll" makeup that made her look like a girl in her late teens rather than an innocent Kansas farm girl of about 13. Both makeup and wig were discarded at the suggestion of George Cukor, who was brought in temporarily. Stills from Thorpe's work on the film survive today. Further, it is understood that bits of his filmed footage of Toto escaping from the Wicked Witch's castle are featured in the film, albeit uncredited.

Thorpe was going to direct Kim with Mickey Rooney but the movie was cancelled.

Two Girls and a Sailor would be the first of eleven films Joe Pasternak would make with producer Joe Pasternak. The film was a big hit and helped make a star of Van Johnson.

Thorpe made a number of films with Esther Williams, starting with Thrill of a Romance. She recalled, "He was nothing if not efficient, and I soon began to wonder if he hadn’t missed his calling as an accountant. He was cranky, especially in the morning, until he’d downed a pot of coffee; it was wise to keep your distance. Dick didn’t like people who were too cheerful, which meant that he took an instant dislike to me." Williams says Thorpe constantly bullied and berated her during filming although she says he stopped it after she left the set crying.

Williams says that while making Fiesta Thorpe "he was in a worse mood... than he’d been before. He hated Mexico; he hated bullfighting, and above all he hated Ricardo Montalban, who was at least as cheerful as I was." She did not want to make This Time for Keeps with Thorpe but the studio insisted.

Thorpe later said the only film he turned down at MGM was The Black Hand. “I didn’t think I could handle Gene Kelly because he had been a director. And after an hour and a half, Schary said, ‘Well, you go ahead and do it.’ So I went ahead and did it.”

Epics
At MGM, he teamed up with producer Pandro S. Berman, with whom he made Ivanhoe (1952). This was a huge commercial success (earning a DGA nomination for Thorpe) and led to a series of experensive epics produced by Berman, including The Prisoner of Zenda (1952), Knights of the Round Table (1953), All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953) and The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955). Pandro Berman later called Thorpe "the most efficient director I ever knew in terms of things technical. The beauty of Thorpe was that if you had a script he liked, he just shot it."

Joan Fontaine, who starred in Ivanhoe later wrote "I found that director Thorpe cared more about the performance of the horses than the actors."

According to James Mason, when making The Prisoner of Zenda star Stewart Granger asked to do a second take. Thorpe refused, saying "You can’t improve things to an extent that represents value at the box office. In my experience I have found that if you print the first take which has a reasonable tempo and in which all the actors say their lines in a way that’s completely intelligible then there is no point in retaking it." Granger confirmed " If you remembered the lines and got through the scene, Richard would print it. He didn’t believe in ten or fifteen takes in order to catch some subtle difference only appreciated by the director. I loved working like this and that’s the reason the film was made in such an incredibly short time."

Thorpe was noted for working quickly and efficiently—skills he had learned in the 1930s while working for low-budget Chesterfield Pictures. Freddie Young said "Dick Thorpe was the favorite director at MGM because he always finished on schedule. He made a point of it. The studio kept giving him a shorter and shorter schedule, but he always beat it." Young described Thorpe's "special method for working fast": "On Ivanhoe he'd start with a long shot and keep filming until one of the actors fluffed. 'Cut!' Then he'd move the camera to a closer set-up. 'Come on, let's go. Action!' And shoot on until the next hold-up. 'Move in closer still. Continue!' And so on until we finished up with just two big heads filling the screen. In other words, the close-ups in the finished film were quite arbitrary, depending on the pure chance of the interruptions in shooting on that particular day. Thorpe never reshot anything. That's how he beat the schedule. For a cameraman it was boring as hell."

Between the various camera angles, Thorpe shot enough footage to patch together into a completed sequence.

Thorpe also directed The Girl Who Had Everything (1951) with Elizabeth Taylor, and two musicals with Edmund Purdom, The Student Prince (1954) and Athena (1954). Student Prince had originally meant to star Mario Lanza.

Thorpe made two unsuccessful films Tip on a Dead Jockey and Ten Thousand Bedrooms, Dean Martin's first film after breaking up with Jerry Lewis. It was a flop but Jailhouse Rock, produced by Berman, with Elvis Presley was a huge hit.

Later career
Warwick Films borrowed Thorpe to make Killers of Kilimanjaro (1959) filmed in Britain and Kenya. He then made The House of the Seven Hawks (1959) with Taylor in Europe.

Thorpe directed an epic in Yugoslavia with Orson Welles, The Tartars then a popular romantic comedy The Honeymoon Machine (1961). That featured the team of Jim Hutton and Paula Prentiss who were also in The Horizontal Lieutenant (1962). Prentiss was also in Follow the Boys (1963) shot in France. Thorpe was reunited with Elvis Presley for Fun in Acapulco (1963) at Paramount.

Thorpe made some films in Europe including The Truth About Spring (1965) with John and Hayley Mills. At Universal he directed That Funny Feeling (1965) with Sandra Dee and Bobby Darin.

After directing The Last Challenge in 1967, he retired from the film industry.

Personal life and death
He married Belva. They had a son, Jerry Thorpe (1925–2018). In 1959 a judge granted a divorce to his wife Belva on the grounds of cruelty.

Thorpe died in Palm Springs, California on May 1, 1991, at Palm Springs Health Care Nursing facility of complications of old age.

Critical appraisal
According to Scott Eyman Thorpe "was hardly ever anything but a by-the-numbers director, albeit a busy one: sixty-six films for MGM in thirty years. Metro tended to use Thorpe for maintenance work on ongoing series — four Tarzan films, two Lassies, a late Thin Man, a dozen musicals for Joe Pasternak, but never one for Arthur Freed. But he lasted longer than anybody at the studio, directing his last MGM film in 1967."

Another writer said "Thorpe had a reputation as an actor’s director and as a good technician who rarely wasted film, earning him the nickname “One-take Thorpe.”

Christopher Challis called him "a product of the old studio system [who] had become a director by faithfully adhering to the script with which he was presented. A sad, dour man, his life was dedicated to producing, without innovation, a verbatim representation on film of the approved script, which he felt duty-bound to complete on time and, if possible, under budget."

Selected filmography
As director

 * Rough Ridin' (1924)
 * Battling Buddy (1924)
 * Bringin' Home the Bacon (1924)
 * Thundering Romance (1924)
 * Rarin' to Go (1924)
 * The Desert Demon (1925)
 * Double Action Daniels (1925)
 * A Streak of Luck (1925)
 * Galloping On (1925)
 * The Saddle Cyclone (1925)
 * Gold and Grit (1925)
 * On the Go (1925)
 * Fast Fightin' (1925)
 * Double Daring (1926)
 * The Bandit Buster (1926)
 * The Bonanza Buckaroo (1926)
 * College Days (1926)
 * The Dangerous Dub (1926)
 * The Twin Triggers (1926)
 * Deuce High (1926)
 * The Fighting Cheat (1926)
 * Twisted Triggers (1926)
 * Rawhide (1926)
 * Between Dangers (1927)
 * Tearin' Into Trouble (1927)
 * Skedaddle Gold (1927)
 * The Cyclone Cowboy (1927)
 * Pals in Peril (1927)
 * White Pebbles (1927)
 * The Interferin' Gent (1927)
 * The Ridin' Rowdy (1927)
 * The Desert of the Lost (1927)
 * Roarin' Broncs (1927)
 * The First Night (1927)
 * The Meddlin' Stranger (1927)
 * Ride 'em High (1927)
 * The Galloping Gobs (1927)
 * The Obligin' Buckaroo (1927)
 * Soda Water Cowboy (1927)
 * The Cowboy Cavalier (1928)
 * The Ballyhoo Buster (1928)
 * The Flyin' Buckaroo (1928)
 * Saddle Mates (1928)
 * The Valley of Hunted Men (1928)
 * Desperate Courage (1928)
 * Vultures of the Sea (1928)
 * The Vanishing West (1928)
 * The Fatal Warning (1929)
 * Border Romance (1929)
 * The King of the Kongo (1929)
 * The Utah Kid (1930)
 * The Thoroughbred (1930)
 * The Dude Wrangler (1930)
 * Under Montana Skies (1930)
 * Wings of Adventure (1930)
 * The Lady from Nowhere (1931)
 * The Lawless Woman (1931)
 * Forgotten Women (1931)
 * Slightly Married (1932)
 * Murder at Dawn (1932)
 * The Secrets of Wu Sin (1932)
 * Women Won't Tell (1932)
 * Cross-Examination (1932)
 * Forbidden Company (1932)
 * The King Murder (1932)
 * Escapade (1932)
 * Forgotten (1933)
 * Notorious but Nice (1933)
 * Love Is Dangerous (1933)
 * Green Eyes (1934)
 * Secret of the Chateau (1934)
 * The Quitter (1934)
 * Cheating Cheaters (1934) with Fay Wray
 * Last of the Pagans (1935)
 * Strange Wives (1935)
 * Tarzan Escapes (1936) with Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan
 * Night Must Fall (1937) with Robert Montgomery and Rosalind Russell
 * Dangerous Number (1937) with Ann Sothern and Robert Young
 * Man-Proof (1938) with Myrna Loy, Franchot Tone, Rosalind Russell, and Walter Pidgeon
 * The Toy Wife (1938) with Luise Rainer and Melvyn Douglas
 * Love Is a Headache (1938) with Franchot Tone
 * The Crowd Roars (1938) with Robert Taylor, Edward Arnold, Frank Morgan, and Maureen O'Sullivan
 * The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939) with Mickey Rooney, Walter Connolly, and William Frawley
 * 20 Mule Team (1940) with Wallace Beery
 * Wyoming (1940) with Wallace Beery
 * The Earl of Chicago (1940) with Robert Montgomery
 * Barnacle Bill (1941) with Wallace Beery
 * The Bad Man (1941) with Wallace Beery, Lionel Barrymore, Laraine Day, and Ronald Reagan
 * Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942) with Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan
 * White Cargo (1942) with Hedy Lamarr as Tondelayo
 * Above Suspicion (1943) with Joan Crawford and Fred MacMurray
 * Two Girls and a Sailor (1944) with Van Johnson and June Allyson
 * The Thin Man Goes Home (1945) with William Powell and Myrna Loy
 * Thrill of a Romance (1945) with Esther Williams
 * Her Highness and the Bellboy (1945) with Hedy Lamarr and Robert Walker
 * Fiesta (1947) with Esther Williams and Ricardo Montalbán
 * This Time for Keeps (1947) with Esther Williams and Jimmy Durante
 * On an Island with You (1948) with Esther Williams, Peter Lawford, and Jimmy Durante
 * A Date with Judy (1948) with Wallace Beery, Jane Powell, and Elizabeth Taylor
 * Malaya (1949) with Spencer Tracy and James Stewart
 * Big Jack (1949) with Wallace Beery, Richard Conte, Marjorie Main, and Edward Arnold
 * Challenge to Lassie (1949) with Donald Crisp and Alan Napier
 * Black Hand (1950) with Gene Kelly
 * Three Little Words (1950) with Fred Astaire and Red Skelton
 * The Great Caruso (1951) with Mario Lanza and Ann Blyth
 * The Unknown Man (1951) with Walter Pidgeon
 * Vengeance Valley (1951) with Burt Lancaster
 * Carbine Williams (1952) with James Stewart
 * Ivanhoe (1952) with Robert Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor, and Joan Fontaine
 * The Prisoner of Zenda (1952) with Stewart Granger, Deborah Kerr, and James Mason
 * The Girl Who Had Everything (1953) with Elizabeth Taylor, Fernando Lamas, and William Powell
 * Knights of the Round Table (1953) with Robert Taylor and Ava Gardner
 * All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953) with Robert Taylor and Stewart Granger
 * Athena (1954) with Jane Powell and Debbie Reynolds
 * The Student Prince (1954), based on the famous operetta, with Ann Blyth, Edmund Purdom, and the singing voice of Mario Lanza.
 * The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955) with Robert Taylor and Robert Morley
 * Tip on a Dead Jockey (1957) with Robert Taylor and Dorothy Malone
 * Ten Thousand Bedrooms (1957) with Dean Martin (Martin's first non-Martin and Lewis movie)
 * Jailhouse Rock (1957) with Elvis Presley
 * Killers of Kilimanjaro (1959) with Robert Taylor and Anthony Newley
 * The House of the Seven Hawks (1959) with Robert Taylor
 * The Honeymoon Machine (1961) with Steve McQueen
 * The Tartars (Italian, 1961) with Orson Welles and Victor Mature
 * The Horizontal Lieutenant (1962) with Jim Hutton and Paula Prentiss
 * Follow the Boys (1963) with Paula Prentiss
 * Fun in Acapulco (1963) with Elvis Presley and Ursula Andress
 * The Golden Head (1964) with George Sanders and Buddy Hackett
 * The Truth About Spring (1964) with Hayley Mills
 * That Funny Feeling (1965) with Sandra Dee, Bobby Darin, and Donald O'Connor
 * The Last Challenge (1967) with Glenn Ford and Angie Dickinson
 * The Scorpio Letters (1967, TV film) with Alex Cord and Shirley Eaton

title: Richard Thorpe


text:
Straßberg, Saxony-Anhalt

Straßberg is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 August 2009, it is part of the town Harzgerode. Straßberg is located in southeastern part of the Harz mountains, 20 km south of Quedlinburg, 22 km northeast of Nordhausen and 23 km northwest of Sangerhausen.

History
Straßberg was mentioned for the first time in the chronicle for the district of Sangerhausen in 1194 as Strazberc.

From 1400, mining became the main livelihood for the villagers of Straßberg. Today, they preserve its mining history and look after their history and conserve the village for those seeking relaxation the past. Even agriculture flourishes despite the rather difficult natural environment.

On 1 August 2009, the municipality of Straßberg agreed with the towns of Güntersberge and Harzgerode as well as the villages of Dankerode, Königerode, Schielo and Siptenfelde to be incorporated into the new borough of Harzgerode.

Museums

Straßberg bears witness today to the historic silver and fluorspar mines, old shafts, sinkholes (Pingen) and technical facilities:
 * Glasebach Pit Mining Museum (Grube Glasebach Bergwerksmuseum)

Buildings

 * The village church was built in the first third of the 18th century to plans by the Stolberg master builder, Johann Friedrich Penther. Inside is a splendid pulpit altar (Kanzelaltar).
 * Below the village at the confluence of the Glasebach and the Selke is the Bärloch Mill (Bärlochsmühle).
 * Rinke Mill (Rinkemühle)

title: Straßberg, Saxony-Anhalt


text:
Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac

Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac is a 1997 American television miniseries which is a continuation of the 1979–1993 prime time soap opera Knots Landing and takes place four years after the series ended. Directed by Bill Corcoran, the four-hour miniseries was originally broadcast in two parts on CBS on May 7 and 9, 1997.

The miniseries reunites cast members William Devane, Kevin Dobson, Michele Lee, Donna Mills, Ted Shackelford, Joan Van Ark, Michelle Phillips and Stacy Galina in starring roles. It also includes cameo appearances by cast members Tonya Crowe, Brian Austin Green, Kim Lankford, Claudia Lonow, Patrick Petersen and Nicollette Sheridan.

Part One
The mini-series opens up with Paige Matheson (Nicollette Sheridan) ending her longstanding relationship with Greg Sumner (William Devane), as she wants to have a baby but he doesn't. Meanwhile, recently unemployed factory workers turn to Mack MacKenzie (Kevin Dobson) for help in suing Sumner for wrongful termination. When Sumner bought the factory from Gary Ewing (Ted Shackelford), he fired everyone regardless of the written agreement he signed promising not to close the factory. The agreement, however, is in a box somewhere in the Ewing warehouse. Back at the Seaview Circle cul-de-sac, Valene (Joan Van Ark) throws Mack and Karen (Michele Lee) a party for their 15th wedding anniversary. Many of the past and present residents of Knots Landing are there, including Karen's grown children Diana (Claudia Lonow) and Michael (Patrick Petersen), as is former neighbor Ginger Ward (Kim Lankford). Karen's conniving ex sister-in-law and neighbor Abby Fairgate (Donna Mills) is also present, as well as Abby's two grown children, Olivia (Tonya Crowe) and Brian (Brian Austin Green). During the party, Abby announces to Karen and Val that she will be moving to Malibu, California, but the joy is short-lived when the IRS freezes all of her assets for failure to pay over $1 million in back taxes. Abby then convinces Greg Sumner to pay her $1 million to steal the agreement from Gary's company warehouse. As she is homeless, she persuades Mack and Karen to allow her to stay with them and gets a job working at Karen and Gary's construction company so that she can find the agreement Sumner needs.

Meanwhile, Greg is surprised when Anne Matheson-Sumner (Michelle Phillips) returns after four years in Paris. Mack and Karen are approached by Meg (Francesca Marie Smith), their 12-year-old adopted daughter, who asks for the truth about the identity of her biological father. Mack will never reveal the answer and chooses to lie to Meg again. Valene, who has written a best-selling book called "Hostage" about her year-long kidnapping four years earlier, has been contracted by a major film studio to adapt the book into a screenplay. The studio assign Clay McKinney (Michael Woods), a once promising writer whose career was plagued by his alcoholism, to be her writing partner. Meanwhile, Gary gets an unexpected visit from Kate Whittaker (Stacy Galina), Greg Sumner's niece with whom he had a relationship some years earlier. Kate tells Gary that she was pregnant when she left Knots Landing four years earlier and that Gary is the father of her daughter, Molly (Jessica D. Stone). Clay's drinking and persistent advances towards Valene begins to compromise their working relationship. After a studio party in which Clay takes credit for Valene's work, the two argue. Later at Clay's house, he makes a drunken pass at Valene but she pushes him away and he falls down. Without looking back, Valene leaves and goes home, but the following morning, Clay's body is found floating face down in his swimming pool.

Part Two
Val and Gary learn that Clay McKinney has been found dead. Because Val was the last person to see Clay alive, the police question her about an earring they found near Clay's pool. Val denies that the earring is hers and refuses to tell Gary what happened that night. Concerned about her secrecy, Gary accuses Val of having an affair with Clay. Greg Sumner decides to settle the lawsuit brought against him by Mack and the unemployed workers. This now means the deal with Abby to steal the agreement is off and now she is out the $1 million. However, this news comes too late because Abby already hired her friend Robert Simons (John Laughlin) to break into the Ewing warehouse that night. When she goes to call off the deal, Abby finds the warehouse in flames after Robert accidentally killed a security guard (George Lugg) and then set fire to the warehouse to cover his tracks. Mack is going through a mid-life crisis but refuses to open up to Karen and moves out of their house.

Meanwhile, after Meg accidentally finds out that Greg Sumner is her father, she absconds from school and goes to visit him. Greg explains why he allowed Karen and Mack to adopt her after her real mother, Laura (Constance McCashin), died when Meg was still an infant. He plays her a videotape that Laura made for her before her death. Abby, now broke and desperate for money to pay her back taxes, begins to snoop around Greg's private business affairs, determined to find something she can use for blackmail. To her surprise, Sumner puts her in charge of an operation in Thailand which will make her rich.

Valene decides to tell Gary and the police what really happened at Clay's house the night before he was found dead, and they accept her explanation. Back at the cul-de-sac, Karen and Mack have resolved their differences. Karen's son Michael and his fiance Laurie (Dawn Cody) visit to announce they are expecting their first child. Abby cattily snickers that Karen is going to be a grandmother, but her glee is short-lived when Abby's son Brian arrives with his girlfriend Kate and announce they are also expecting a baby, which means Abby is to be a grandmother too. Gary and Valene can hardly control their laughter.

Production
Following the ratings success of the Dallas reunion movie J.R. Returns in 1996, Warner Bros. Television opted to make a reunion movie for Knots Landing which had ended its 14-year run in 1993. The miniseries was filmed in early 1997, with external filming taking place at the series' signature cul-de-sac location in the Granada Hills district of Los Angeles.

Key castmember Nicollette Sheridan (Paige Matheson) initially declined to appear, but later agreed to an uncredited cameo appearance. The video tape of Laura Avery-Sumner's message to her family (recorded before her death ten years earlier) was not shown but was heard, though the audio was rerecorded with another actress's voice as Constance McCashin, who played Laura in the original series, refused to let the original clip she filmed in 1987 be used.

Reception
Television critic Tony Scott wrote in his review for Variety: "Most reliable characterization is by William Devane as wearying but wily Greg Sumner, now married to snooty Anne (Michelle Phillips), whose purpose seems mostly decorative. But Donna Mills, as lovely, layabout Abby Fairgate, gets to display most of the program’s excesses."

title: Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac