text:
User talk:Rmhermen/Archive2

PZEV
Note that PZEV is a California administrative designation. Perhaps your remark on economies of scale should go into the SULEV page. Knowing the manufacturer's past behaviour it seems to me to be more likely that they are marketed where other states have requirements and mandates, rather than to achieve quantity production - do you have info to back up the statement? Best wishes, Leonard G. 23:50, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Both the Ford Focus SULEV and the Toyota Prius are available nationwide. Others are available in at least the 5 states with strict requirements. Actually it might be a good idea to merge these two articles since they seem to be about the same thing by different names. Rmhermen 04:12, Jun 16, 2004 (UTC)

I don't think merging is a good idea, as an important point of the PZEV designation is its effect on the EV. I did move all of the technical stuff out a newly created SULEV page. Note that there was no SULEV page, and after working up the PZEV page (including the tech stuff) I realized that PZEV is not a technology but rather an administrative designation brought forth by political and economic forces. Leonard G. 04:30, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * In others words, its just another name for SULEV. So why does it need it one article. We could discuss why California calls it something else in the SULEV article. Rmhermen 04:33, Jun 16, 2004 (UTC)

Aren't you going to move it to wikisource?WHEELER 20:34, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

PZEV is not just another name for SULEV. If you want to redirect PZEV to SULEV then SULEV should mention PZEV and how it was was used to obtain the air pollution goals originally set for the ZEV, without consideration of the various other effects attributable to BEVs, such as the energy independence available by combining BEVs with net metering PV, or the convenience of home fueling, quiet operation, etc. That seems to me to be rather off topic for SULEV, yet the importance of the historical effects of PZEV on BEVs should not be lost - that is why I created the article. Best wishes, Leonard G. 05:53, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
10,000 edits and 2 years and you're not an admin? Really? --Jiang 22:43, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * No one has ever asked. Rmhermen 22:45, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

I've nominated you. Please go to requests for adminship to accept. --Jiang 22:55, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hectares & Square Kilometers
Hi. Like you, I thought the conversion from hectares to km² (by User:Bobblewik) was not necessary. In fact, I thought that acres converted most naturally to hectares. But, then I went and looked at Manual_of_Style_(dates_and_numbers), where it says that km² is preferred for land area. And, I checked back on the history of that page --- this has been true for at least a year. So, User:Bobblewik may be correct in the conversion. -- hike395 02:46, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * However he is removing all mention of hectares -even from pages which already mention sq. km along with sq. miles. And of course, just because km² are preferred doesn't mean we can't use hectares. Rmhermen 02:54, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * I checked the line about km2 was added by Egil on March 15, 2003 with no discussion on any of the 9 talk pages of material. The only mention of hectares was a comment that we should use it when appropriate to translate acres. The MOS already allows km/h where appropriate instead of m/s. I will raise the issue on that page. Rmhermen 03:26, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Great, you did a more thorough job of checking than I did, thanks! -- hike395 10:53, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Yes, I offered a proposal about hectares that I thought was generous to those that think km² are worse. But the debate just went round in circles and nobody wanted to accept my proposal or offer a reasonably bounded counter-proposal. Strongest dissent came from the non-metric world and strongest support came from the metric world, so I weighted the opinions on metric units accordingly. In the absence of an agreement or further discussion, I decided that the issue was no longer controversial with metric readers. I agree with you that we should try to get on. All my work is targetted at improvements to Wikipedia for the benefit of the reader. If the issue is still causing concern in the metric world, I will be happy to hear if people think I should confine myself the proposal.

Pending any further agreement, for values between 1 and 1000 hectares (i.e. 10,000 m² and 10 km²), I will leave the pre-existing reference to hectares within the text. Thanks for your feedback. Trying to help. Bobblewik 14:31, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I have posted a question about consensus on the measurements debate page. Thanks. Bobblewik 15:49, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Soft drinks
Did you know that "real" companies may actually be part of larger companies? Marcus2 16:38, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Dr. Pepper/7up is part of CadburySchweppes, not Pepsi. But it is produced by the Dr. Peper/ 7 up company not Cadbury in England. Rmhermen 16:43, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)

Than why does Pepsi carry Dr. Pepper/7up drinks and no one else? Marcus2 16:47, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Pepsi purchased the overseas production rights to 7up when Cadbury purchased the company in 1995. Pepsi does not usually market Dr. Pepper which is seen as competition for its Pepsi product. In fact Pepsi test marketed Storm in the U.S. as competition to 7up. 7up products are produced in the US by a complex of company bottlers, independent bottlers, Pepsi bottlers, even some Coke bottlers -all of whom participate in the marketing schemes. Rmhermen 16:54, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)

I have never seen 7up in a Coke-style bottle. Marcus2 17:15, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC) I have only seen 7up bottles in the Pepsi style. Marcus2 17:17, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * They are all produced in 7up style bottles. Rmhermen 17:22, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)

Very good, but the 7up style bottle is identical to the Pepsi style one, as the Sprite style is identical to the Coke style. Marcus2 17:51, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually Pepsi current lemon-lime product is Sierra Mist. I had forgotten that one. I am not sure that the bottles are the same or more similar they are to Coke or generic bottles. I remember to look next time I am in the supermarket. Rmhermen 18:00, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)

Sometimes a company can have more than one type of a certain product. Good luck with your discoveries going to the supermarket. Marcus2 18:06, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Dr Pepper/7up and Pepsi are not the same company. They are two companies in competition. Pepsi does sell 7up outside of the US but that is it. Rmhermen 18:15, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)

How do you know they are in "competition"? 7up products are stored in Pepsi bottles as far as I know and are stored in Pepsi soda machines, Pepsi refrigerators, etc. I end the topic here, at least for a while and I don't care if you post another response because I have my own judgment. Marcus2 17:09, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Lunar Skyhook
For the stationary cable type of space elevator, the Lagrange points are indeed relevant. L1 and L2 are equivalent to GEO for the Earth: below there, the net force on a piece of the cable is downward, above there it's upward (outward). Check out the plot of the pseudopotential field on For the cable to stay up, the total force on the upper limb of the system must be a little greater than the total force on the lower limb. Imagine the cable being draped over a mountain pass, on a frictionless surface. So the cable has to straddle one of the L points -- it doesn't have to extend all the way down to the surface. The problem for the Moon is that the L points are very far out, I don't remember the figures, but >100,000 km, so a lunar space elevator would be much longer than one for Earth.

There are also orbiting skyhook designs, which are much shorter but need more active management and can't tap the energy of the Moon. E.g. the rotovator, a cable which spins around its mid point fast enough that when the tips are close to the surface they have little relative speed -- visualize a bicycle wheel rolling down the street and subtract the rim and all but two opposing spokes. --wwoods 20:33, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

By the way,
 * "WARNING: This page is 52 kilobytes long. Please consider condensing the page and moving the detail to another article so it is not approaching or in excess of 32KB."

You might want to wipe any discussions that are no longer active; they'll still be available via the page history.

 * No, current requested practice is not to delete anything but to move it to an archive page such as talk:Rmhermen/Archive1.

Biodiesel
Hi, I'd be more than happy for you to help merge a summary of the material I moved out to Biodiesel recipe (and later to Biodiesel production) back into the article. Its just that much of the material I moved out was first/second person and that made it innapropriate. It also had varying degrees of detail, much of it too detailed for the general biodiesel article. - Taxman 16:54, Jul 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't have much of a problem with it being moved - in fact we already moved some of it to How to make biodiesel. But I checked and think those two are fairly different. Rmhermen 17:03, Jul 2, 2004 (UTC)

Extinct peerage dignities
The list is presently incomplete—I don't believe it to be possible to make an exhaustive list of the lower peerage dignities. -- Emsworth 23:52, Jul 4, 2004 (UTC) So it wouldn't be wrong to add extinct titles to the Peerage pages then? Rmhermen 02:42, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)

You're a sysop!
I'm pleased to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now a sysop. Please read the Administrators' reading list to learn about your new privileges and responsibilities and what special tasks sysops perform. Cheers! Cecropia | Talk 00:22, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Krizevci
I noticed that Kri?evačko veliko spravi?će isn't described. The name means something like "The big happenning of Krizevci", but I'm not sure about the exact meaning of the word spravi?će, that's in the kajkavski dialect I'm not proficient in.

I think the "figurative pearl" refers to some sort of an artifact found in the church of Saint Anne, but it's possible that it's a name for something else. Greek Catholic is a known term, you can read up on it on that page, it's just spelled somewhat incorrectly on the page, I'll go fix that.

These things are from the text added by the anonymous author, I didn't have time to read up on all of it elsewhere and fill in the details, I just made the article less unreadable... --Shallot 16:33, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

After a bit of googling, it should be all fixed now. Thanks. --Shallot 17:01, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

To Anacreon in Heaven
Sorry! I din't realize it was a song. It just looked really weird. I'll see if I can restore it. -- Merovingian ✍  Talk  13:18, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)

Adult themes and the Scooby Gang
Thank you for cutting off the accidental duplicated text. I appreciate it. Marcus2 16:34, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Surely we can find more adult themes in this show. Do we have a page about this interesting topic in general? Adult themes in Cartoons Rmhermen 16:41, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)

TV Schedules
I've added the notice "all times are Eastern and Pacific" to the four schedules I've made thus far. Feel free to edit the notice for more specificity. Mike H 17:05, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)

Casualty statistics
You asked:

What was your source for your casualty update on Casualties in the U.S.-led invasion and occupation of Iraq? Your numbers differ slightly from those of the AP. Rmhermen 05:13, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * They were mostly from http://icasualties.org/oif/. They list the name and date of death for each casualty. I think they sometimes count recent casualties from news reports before they show up in the official figures from DOD that the AP story was quoting. The discrepancies for other countries are surprising, though; I think I'll send email to inquire about them at their Contact Us link. Neow 18:34, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)

To add to the confusion CNN.com is running a headline that "Coaltion suffers 1,000 death in Iraq". We list 987. I have no idea how they got their number. Rmhermen 13:20, Jul 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * We only had 987 listed because our article hasn't had its counts updated since the morning of July 6th, and there have been 13 more coalition deaths since then. The count at http://icasualties.org/oif is currently exactly 1000. Neow 18:50, Jul 9, 2004 (UTC)

I saw that you updated the count of casualties from an AP story (and actually reduced some of the numbers), but those daily AP stories are another case of the news media using out-of-date counts from the Pentagon (see for a story that explicitly acknowledges that the Pentagon's numbers usually lag events on the ground by a few days).

I have only seen two web sites that maintain a full list of coalition casualties including each person's name, home country, date of death, and place and cause of death: the cnn.com site (which also has photos), and http://icasualties.org/oif, which I prefer to use since it is updated more frequently and often includes recent deaths that haven't been added to the CNN site yet. (Mostly, though, these two sites agree quite closely.)

Given the fact that these sites give actual names to back up their counts, if another site (or the Pentagon) quotes a smaller number (particularly for troops from countries outside the U.S. who have been listed as dead for months), it seems clear that the information on the CNN/icasualties sites is simply more complete, as it wouldn't make sense to assume that CNN could mistakenly list people as dead for months when they actually hadn't died, since their families would surely notice, and then they'd have to correct their list. Neow 22:26, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Interestingly the icasualties site while never expaining all of their sources does complain that your other source, CNN, is inconsistent and doesn't reveal all of its sources. I would rather use one source that clearly states its sources. I expect they will match up in the end (although I can't explain the foreign casualties). Rmhermen 22:52, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * That note complaining about CNN on the icasualties Methodologies page was apparently written back in July 2003 - I think at that point the CNN page was more problematic than it is now, and the icasualties people just haven't updated their Methodologies writeup. Also, while the list of sources on their front page is pretty paltry, if you actually drill down on the numbers at icasualties.org, you'll see that most of the individual names listed do have links to news stories about the relevant incidents. Neow 23:45, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)

imminent threat
Hi Rmhermen, I currently perceive an imminent threat of "childlovers"' links (List of self-identified pederasts and pedophiles, NAMBLA, Wikipedia talk:External links) and abuse of requests of comments on user conduct at wikipedia. Could you check that please? Best Get-back-world-respect 23:29, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)

date linking
I was wholly unaware of this date preference feature and its requirements. I was only removing the links because I consider them inappropriate in terms of content, but will now change this practice. Thank you. - Centrx 01:05, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Vitis vinifera
Added image from foreign language wikipedia. Is this the right one now? -- Chris 73 | Talk 15:35, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * yes Rmhermen

message in a bottle
Hello Rmhermen: i notice that you've been helping cleaning up some of my messes, so thanks. i have been trying to figure out how to post pictures, but with no success. i have gone through what the HELP has to ofer, but to no avail. Any more suggestions? All the pictures that I have in mind are my own, save one from a book published in 1917, which makes it usable, I think

Is this the sort of question I should be directing to an administrator?

I am statrting a piece on the Henry Ford Museum, [now called, I think, The Ford] as an offering

Carptrash 14:25, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

EasyTimeline
Hi Rmhermen, somehow somebody messed up, so EasyTimeline is not invoked on any Wikipedia since a few days. I tried to reach a developer with server access through wikitech two times, but too much is going on there apparantly, will try now on IRC. Erik Zachte 22:38, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Bibles
A present, something to play with Modern English Bible translations Refdoc 19:14, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

BABY K

This page was deleted on July 17, 2004 because of suspicion of copyright violations. However, the material in question was quoted and cited appropriately. The entire contribution is mine, with the obvious exception of the properly cited and referenced quotations. This contribution was based on a major essay written for a graduate course on bioethics I took at Cleveland State University. I have earlier posted a similar manuscript at http://babykcase.homestead.com/

D. John Doyle MD PhD djdoyle@hotmail.com

Addendum - July 27, 2004 It has been some time since my Baby K contribution was deleted in error because of suspicion of copyright violations. The apparent copyright violations wre actually quoted material and were properly cited and referenced. I would remind everyone that the material submitted is entirely my intellectual property. I would appreciate it if someone would send me an e-mail about what I can do to fix this problem or otherwise help with this situation. Thanks,

D. John Doyle MD PhD djdoyle@hotmail.com

Identities of hijackers
rmhermen,

I left some questions and comments for you at Talk:Abdulaziz al-Omari, Talk:Waleed al-Shehri, and Talk:Organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks respectively.

Quadell (talk) 17:55, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)

Image deletion
Hi. When deleting an image you need to click on the "del" link under the "File history" heading. Clicking on the deletion tab only deletes the image description page (Administrators' how-to guide). For example Image:Hamza al-Ghamdi.bmp, the image description page has been deleted but not the image itself. Maximus Rex 09:45, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Khaled al-Harbi
Answer on Talk:Khaled al-Harbi. Quadell (talk) 23:35, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)

Eddie Murphy and the use of "African-American"
Thanks for the heads-up. Done. Peace. deeceevoice

Ziad Jarrah
Today I vastly updated the Ziad Jarrah article, using the 9/11 Commission Report and other sources. I'm pretty sure of my facts, but my bias tends toward the conspiratorial. Could you look it over and see if anything strikes you as inaccurate or POV? Quadell (talk) 19:43, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)

EasyTimeline
EasyTimeline is back now. Cheers, Erik Zachte 16:40, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

26 Most Wanted Saudis
Sorry, I haven't seen the list. It would be useful information. By the way, much of the terrorism pages are in horrible shape. Check out 2000 millennium attack plots for instance. Quadell (talk) 16:50, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

Leucite and 1911 Encyclopedia
Hi, please see Talk:Leucite I did as you asked. Ortolan88 04:14, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Portrayed
Hmm.. I really didn't like "promoted", and it seems you really didn't like "profiled". Now portrayed is a good word, wish I'd thought of that myself. =) -- Jao 12:41, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)

Deletions
As per point four of the Wikipedia policy at Deletion_guidelines_for_administrators, please do not include in your deletion summary. It is obviously unnecessary and clutters the deletion log. Thanks. blankfaze | (беседа!)  01:00, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry I hadn't reread the deletion policy in the last week. I wondered about removing it. But since that is what comes up automatically I left it there. I just looked at the deletion log - I didn't realize that it expanded there. Rmhermen 03:35, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

National Parks List
Just a description. I thought I had marked it as a minor change. Some of the lists already have this type of notation. One list has an alpha and by state list. For someone looking for info on a state, it might help to pick them out. Robbie Giles 13:11, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

Categories
I am interested in the categories aspect of the wikipedia. Is there a specific interest group about those? How can I find out? Robbie Giles 13:11, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

Messages to anons
Thanks for pointing me to the 'Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. ' message. I know it and use it, but i'm hopelessly oldfashioned, and for that reason i sometimes like to write something more personal to people. Lady Tenar 14:03, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC) --- hi... did you mean the dates should be may 5, 2000 or 5 may, 2000 and they will display correctly? do they need to be linked to register as dates? SpookyMulder 13:31, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

People making a spectacle of themselves
Thanks for restoring the quotations to the spectacles (sic) article, as well as the careful copyedit and improvements. Some people. . . Ortolan88 14:34, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC) PS -- probably wimpy four-eyed spectacles wearers, like me. O88

WikiProject aircraft
Hi. The switch from the data tables to a text-based specifications section was the product of nearly a month of discussions amongst WikiProject aircraft participants, first on the WikiProject Aircraft talk page (see old talk archived here) and then on the external web-board currently being used for discussions that you're apparently already aware of.

Regarding the "two-for, two-against" result that can be seen on the board, since then, one of the people who voted to keep the table (me) changed sides and the other changed his opinion to "don't care". Unfortunately, the board doesn't seem to allow people to change their votes in the poll. You're the second person today to express puzzlement over the result, so we should probably post a message on the board explaining why it appears the way that it does.

Hope this helps. Cheers --Rlandmann 05:12, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I guess what's most significant to me is that the people who contributed to the discussion are the people who are reasonably active in contributing aircraft articles, ie. those who are most closely affected by the change. No disrespect intended, but I keep a fairly close eye on new aircraft pages, and I don't remember the last one that I saw from you. Please don't take that the wrong way!

 * From experience using the new format, I can personally say that it takes me significantly less time and effort to work with the text specifications. I was probably the most outspoken opponent of making this change, but now I'm very glad we did.

 * Although I was the one who actually implemented the change, it was far from my decision. It wasn't my idea, and I argued long and loud against it. It was a group decision, so it's probably more appropriate to express any dissatisfaction with it at the WikiProject Aircraft forum or, if you're more comfortable with it, on the talk page.

 * Finally, let's not forget that the data tables were also implemented by a similar decision by WikiProject aircraft members. This decision has at least as much legitimacy, to me at least. Enjoy your break! --Rlandmann 14:13, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I see that you're rather rabidly in favor of the table format, but before you go making decisions for other projects, please take a look at some of the reasoning and discussion that has and is going on at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Aircraft. Also, there is a separate poll on the forum you so distrust which suggests at least 4 users favor text over the table, and 0 votes out of five suggesting a return to the data table. Adding your vote against, that brings the vote to 5:1 in favor of plain text. -eric 22:58, Aug 18, 2004 (UTC)

Unit 731 protected
FYI, I've protected Unit 731 and moved the disputed text/photo to the talk page. Feel free to discuss there. Thanks. Fuzheado | Talk 02:04, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Talk:The Brighter Day
Responded. Mike H 00:21, Aug 28, 2004 (UTC)

I'm inclined to randomly Vfd
While as a good citizen I must respect an etiquette that was reached by consensus, I would like to know how you would react to obviously unjustified VfD postings on articles you work on. Am I over-reacting? Would you be content to wait five days? And if after five days some other user VfD'd the page? Or the same user renewed it?

Will you back me up the next time someone tries calls a baseless vote? Or do you maintain that going through the VfD process, regardless of the merit of the charge, serves the good of wiki?

--LegCircus 03:02, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

I have the copyright
yeah I have the copyright, let me know if you have any further problems

I have the copyright 'cause I wrote the article

--LegCircus 15:26, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

ACORN
I posted the message as you suggested. Will you do me a favor and format the ACORN article so that the message you suggested is as it should be? Like, I don't know, should there be a box around it? Should it be at top or bottom? It's at bottom as stands.

--LegCircus 16:07, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

World Tourism Rankings
I noticed you changed the ,s to .s in the table for World Tourism Rankings. FYI - the commas are correct under British punctuation rules, so changing them is sort of like changing British spelling to American, which is generally frowned upon unless the topic calls for one form or another. I didn't change it back - just thought I'd mention it. - DavidWBrooks 21:11, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The Manual of Style says use periods. See [. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 21:14, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * How right you are - I stand corrected. (Actually I'm sitting, but I'm still corrected) - DavidWBrooks 01:24, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

U.S. state pages
What with the main infobox being properly styles - the state trivia info box seemed a bit out of place - so I making them into lists when I come across them. They all have different sets of data as well - so it'd be tough to make a nice template. ed g2s •  talk  23:03, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * These tables appear on almost every state page and are all formatted differently - with different title etc. They're too wide to float right - so they have to take up a certain amount of space anyway. The UL's just style nicer with the rest of the page and I'd consider it to be more of a list than tabular data. ed g2s  •  talk  23:16, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the advice
Apologies for not including the band name at the beginning of my ConstruKction of Light entry - am a bit of a newbie around here, and although I've done my best to read the help pages etc, there's still a lot to take in.

So all advice and criticism is much appreciated!

Sugar beet
re; 'I reverted your change to sugar cane -sugar beets is the plural of sugar beet, at least in the American Midwest. Rmhermen 13:06, Sep 11, 2004'

Well, obviously there may be a language issue there. But it is a crop we are talking about, not individual plants (isn't it?). The word for a crop is usually inherently plural. Note that the article is called sugar beet. In Britain, beets is an acceptable word, but only for a collection of individual plants (as in 'he's just pulled up those beets'); the crop is beet. The article now says 'an amount of sugar beets'; if it is a plural it would be 'a number of sugar beets'. cf. 'an amount of money' against 'a number of coins'. Imc 14:42, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * "more than 6 times the amount of sugar beets produced" sounds corect to me. "more than 6 times the amount of sugar beet produced" would be wrong. The amounts it is comparing are ton of sugar beets versus tons of sugar cane which is odd - it should probably compare sugar produced from those sources as the extraction rates are not equivalent. Rmhermen 15:04, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

North america
Rmhermen, why did you return the text "occupation of North America" to the American Indian page? This page (and the paragraph in question) deals with Indians in South America just as well. Gadykozma 16:23, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Good point; however, your term "European invasion" seemed POV. Rmhermen 23:25, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

I don't see what's POV about it: they were Europeans, and they invaded. However, if you don't like it, how about "European occupation"? Gadykozma 00:33, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

EV Fans
Why tone down my Ford/Norwegian comment - they often give mealy mouthed explanations of why they could not release to U.S. drivers but this is so bald faced that they simply can't cover it up or justify it. I can see why they would want to hide it, however, and am wondering why anyone would help them. Please justify your edit - here, or move this and your answer to the EV talk page. I will watch. Thanks, Leonard G. 05:28, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The text still says that Ford destroyed the cars which is exactly like GM did with its cars after ending its California/Arizona program which you oddly did not mention. I note that there is no article for the Think City, perhaps you could write one. Rmhermen 13:40, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * My point was that Ford had a bona fide offer of both complete indemnification and removal offshore - something that Ford did not have for their Ranger EV (I leased and drove one for four years, BTW, and ran it on home generated PV power). Similar considerations apply to GM. They simply did not feel they could make money of the maintenance tail associated with the batteries (everything else is much longer lived then on an ICE vehicle) and did not want to direct any effort to moving the vehicles out of a specialty niche. Honda also terminated their program with extreme prejudice. There remain only a few Ford Ranger EVs with lead-acid batteries, which were sold (for about $20k), and some Toyota RAV4 EVs, which have not been terminated although no longer sold (I saw one on the road last week). I would have bought one but had the Ranger on lease at the time.

 * It looks like the next generation of commercial EVs suitable for boulevards (not NEVs) will come from China and possibly Japan, sometime in the next five years. Zap claims to be working on a US version of a Chinese vehicle but they are not responding to either e-mails or telephone calls, even though promoted on their web site - that does not look good for the short term. -- Leonard G. 15:05, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

False precision in metric conversions?
I haven't changed the metric length and flow figures you added to Au Sable River (Michigan), hoping for what is plausible, that you really did come up with metric measurements rather than converting from imperial ones. If my hope is correct, IMO it would be valuable to cite the source on the talk page, to avoid the suspicion that your figures are not part of WP's history of unwarranted precision in derived measurements. Matter of fact, i'll ask you directly, did you calculate the 225 figure? If you did, the article should say "approximately 140 miles (over 200 km)". (If you found 225 in a reliable source, i would defend cutting a corner by ignoring the possibility of 139.498 to 139.500, and writing "225 km (140 miles)".) --Jerzy(t) 14:04, 2004 Sep 16 (UTC)
 * I am sure the figures were in Imperial although I can't find the source right now. However I would defend using 140 miles (225 km) -rounding to quarters or tens is very common and doesn't necessarily imply precision. So maybe approximately 140 miles (about 225 km) which is much closer than "over 200 km" which underestimates the length by over 10% before taking into account the approximation. Rmhermen 23:16, Sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

Sedna Planitia
I noticed you created Sedna Planitia with a stub notice. Is there really anything more that can be said about Sedna Planitia? -- SS 04:51, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * We could say how large it is, where on Venus it is, how it compares to other regions. Rmhermen 05:25, Sep 17, 2004 (UTC)

History of Greenland
If you feel the graphic is a copyvio, feel free to delete it - or better yet, make Wikipedia our own version. :) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 04:51, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I removed the image. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 05:17, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The Henry Ford
I saw this was listed on your User page, so I wanted to let you know that I've created an article for it. What a wonderful place, eh? Would welcome any additions or copyedits you want to make. -- Netoholic @ 06:11, 2004 Sep 17 (UTC)
 * You even did the redirects. Good start. Rmhermen 12:22, Sep 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I have to give some credit to your photos though. Very nice.  -- Netoholic @ 13:52, 2004 Sep 17 (UTC)

Ageing
Oops. Guess I don't know all the British spelling variants yet :P I appreciate the notice. Sarge Baldy 15:34, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rmhermen/Archive2


text:
Talk:Marching percussion

Untitled
I started this article to explain the instruments themselves. However, I can easily see this article being expanded to talk about techniques and how marching percussion relates to inclusive activities. (i.e., drum corps, marching bands, WGI drumlines, PASIC drumlines, NBA drumlines, etc.)

Please feel free to add any content you think is relevant!

Lazytiger 19:44, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

To the page moderator or anyone reading this
This page (or a new one liked to this one) needs a history of the development of the modern harness. From sling, to whatever came next, to hadley harnesses, and XL harnesses, and then to Randall May, and all the different changes we have seen in his creations. Please hook it up!!! (cuz that's about all i know) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.148.111.215 (talk) 23:05, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not an instructional guide
As I read this article I keep seeing suggestions and instructions on how to better perform in a marching percussion ensemble. I think somebody needs to clean this article up, because it looks more like an instructional guide for a beginning marching drummer rather than an article simply explaining what marching percussion is, how it differs from other forms of percussion, where it originated, and how it has developed since. 66.27.19.166 (talk) 00:24, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Be on the lookout for edits by Pbdrum, linking articles to his lesson page. Rosedaddy (talk) 18:23, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree - I believe this page should focus more on the instruments and the history and development of those instruments. In addition to comments on technique, I feel there's a lot of procedure here on how things are done. It's a bit too detailed for an encyclopedic article. The edits I'm going to attempt are going to be kind of quick-and-dirty. Bdleaf (talk) 20:48, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

 * --and, also, limited to just the snare section to reflect what I believe will probably be more manageable in terms of eventually improving the quality of the article. Bdleaf (talk) 20:50, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

Question on "Degrees of ability"
First para of this article ends, "Most degrees of ability come from a Drumline not only to play well, but to play well fast and at a low height." What does this mangled sentence mean? I take it be trying to say, "The most difficult aspect of drumline performing is playing fast, well, and pianissimo." Is that a good change please? JacquesDelaguerre (talk) 04:12, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Merge Drumline into this?
Personally, I think there is (or could be) plenty of duplicate info between Drumline and this article. It seems to me that we could put a sentence in this article reading something like, "A musical ensemble consisting solely of marching percussion is called a drumline." Then that article could be reappropriated for the movie.

This article is also very modern drum corps centric. I feel that information should be added about things like marching timpani, pipe drums, and single tenors (used by traditional marching bands and pipe bands). If I get the chance to do some research, I'll write them myself.

– flamuraiTM 02:19, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

I wasn't aware that there is a Drumline article. Yes, it would make sense if they were combined. One should be a redirect to the other. Of course, I'm biased and think that this should be the article and Drumline should be the redirect. ;) Marching Percussion sounds encyclopedic; Drumline is more of a lingo thing (and is it one word or two?).   Anyway, I just wanted to get some basic info out there about marching percussion.  I don't have any particular end in mind, so your suggestions are welcome additions.

Lazytiger 13:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

We've discussed merging this article with the Drumline article, but it's never happened. Do we want to do it or not? I think we ought to turn Drumline into a redirect to here and then expand the article so that it's more than just about the instruments. I created the article, but it seems clear to me now that there's much more that can and should be discussed about marching percussion. After all, it's not a marching percussion instruments article.

I would do it myself, but I'm not sure I know the truly proper way of combining articles in Wikipedia. It seems like something strange has happened already. What's with the "This article or section should include material from ." message at the top?

Lazytiger 20:16, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

marching band review
I requested a peer review on the Marching band article. I figure everybody watching this page is probably watching that one, but if you can help, it's much appreciated. Thanks. Fsiler 09:07, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Revert war in cymbal section
The list of DCI cymbal lines that keeps getting deleted and added back needs to stop. The list does not belong here. First, this is not a DCI marching percussion article, and having a list covering DCI corps amounts to special treatment. (There are other issues with the article as well that focus on DCI perhaps more than they should.) Second, the list is poorly written with glaring typos and bad formatting. Whoever keeps adding it back obviously just likes stirring up crap rather than really contributing to the article. Third, no other section has such a list of what certain groups have or use, therefore defying what should be a goal of every article—striving for an evenness of informational depth. Fourth, as has been stated before, the list amounts to advertising for Zildijan and Sabian. This is unacceptable for a Wikipedia article.—Lazytiger 13:38, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

you have some problems...
 * You're going to have to come up with a better justification than that.—Lazytiger 02:50, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Dude, you have to be the first person i have ever met that has gotten this bent out of shape over something. you marched blue stars... you know what dci and drum corps is... didnt the blue stars ever teach you to relax, or did you practice on all free days like a loon?

 * It seems to me that you're getting equally "bent out of shape" over this issue, otherwise you would let the list go. I have justified my reasoning for removing the list above; you have not justified keeping it at all, instead resorting to irrelevant personal attacks.—Lazytiger 12:42, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I support Lazytiger's opinion on this issue. His reasons are perfectly valid and I would like to ask you to please stop inserting the disputed section. Please also refrain from personally attacking other users. Mr Bound 14:51, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

you guys are funny!

 * one thing everyone is overlooking is that the picture at the top is of an XL snare carrier. so saying the words zildjian and sabian are advertising but putting a picture of a product up isnt? please...
 * The fact that it advertises for Zildjian and Sabian is not what really bothers me. What bothers me most is that it has typos and bad formatting and no one who keeps adding back has any interest in fixing it.  This has become a purely childish, spiteful revert war.  If someone (not me, I don't want the list at all) bothered to fix it up to look nice, I wouldn't keep deleting it.  However, I'd also like someone to justify why the list is needed at all.  No other section has (or needs) one.  I've asked for justification repeatedly and gotten nothing but childishness in response.—Lazytiger 21:37, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, when I added the picture of the XL harness at the top, I envisioned having pictures of people playing each instrument for each section. That has never materialized, and I do feel that the picture at the top in its current context is tacky.  Feel free to delete it if it bothers you.  Or even better, add some appropriate pictures.—Lazytiger 21:42, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I should be working on getting appropriate pictures for this article. Mr Bound 04:04, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I have found some pictures I'd like to use; I'm waiting on permission from the sources. I specifically picked neutral pictures—no corps are identifiable from the photos, as they are not in uniform (although shirts would have been nice, but those pictures are hard to come by!).—Lazytiger 04:28, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Front Ensemble
By both the discussions that have taken place both here and at the drumline article, as well as the defition provided in this article regarding what it intends to address ("Marching percussion instruments are specially designed to be played while moving...") it seems that the Front Ensemble section does not belong in this article. I'm changing it to a section on mallet percussion that briefly mentions (and links) the front ensemble instead of the other way around. --Littledrummrboy 17:17, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Bass drum
I think the bulk of this section should be merged into the Bass_drum section. If no one objects I may work on it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bikinibomb (talk • contribs) 01:40, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Worldvide view?
This article seems to exclusively deal with American traditions - a more international take on the subject is preferable, which of course would ideally include both European and other (non-Western) traditions as well. Considering that, it may make sense to keep the drumline article, since that idea mainly is an American tradition (very rare in Europe, and when it exists it is seen as more of a novelty.) Also, the article is quite bulky, it may need some wikification. What do you others think about this? 85.229.103.178 (talk) 07:31, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

Photos
I don't, but if someone reading this has access to some of these instruments and could snap a few photos, I think it would really help this article. Originalname37  (Talk?)  18:18, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Updated – Merge Drumline into this?
The last discussion was over a decade and a half ago. These two articles are just too similar in my opinion. They both go over the same instruments, one being slightly focused on musical roles (drumline) and the other on the actual instrument (marching percussion). I think these two articles (and possibly Front ensemble) could be combined. If not then the drumline should depart from simply listing instruments to discussing the actual development of the ensemble. What do you guys think? Why? I Ask (talk) 15:01, 2 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Add info links for discussion. GenQuest  "Talk to Me" 10:28, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Add info links for discussion. GenQuest  "Talk to Me" 10:28, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Add info links for discussion. GenQuest  "Talk to Me" 10:28, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Marching percussion


text:
Mark Hyman (commentator)

Mark E. Hyman is an American political commentator and former television executive. He was vice president for corporate relations for Sinclair Broadcast Group, the largest chain of local television stations in the United States, until 2005. Hyman became a visible presence during local news broadcasts over Sinclair's stations, many of which aired on The Point—a controversial daily televised commentary presented by Hyman. In 2010, Hyman's commentaries returned to select Sinclair-owned stations under the title Behind the Headlines with Mark Hyman.

Biography
Hyman is a 1981 graduate of the United States Naval Academy and was a captain in the United States Navy Reserve. He was a vice president and spokesman of Sinclair Broadcast Group and until 2000 was its lobbyist in Washington, D.C.

The Point
Beginning in 2001, he created conservative one-minute editorial segments called, The Point that were broadcast on many of the group's 62 stations, at the end of local news programs.

The program became known for its political commentary. Hyman gave his opinions on topics such as perceived liberal bias in media, rise of agnosticism in America, and terrorism. During the 2004 US presidential election period he favored incumbent George W. Bush, and criticized Democratic opponent John Kerry. Sinclair Broadcast supported the US-led war in Iraq, and Hyman went to Iraq with a Sinclair news crew to find positive stories to counteract negative media coverage.

On November 2, 2006, after more than five years and 2,000 daily commentaries, Hyman announced he planned to drop his daily commentary at the end of the month, citing a desire to spend more time with his four children. The final The Point commentary aired on November 30.

After The Point
Hyman continues to offer his conservative opinions in print and online for American Spectator magazine. Hyman's editorials returned to select Sinclair-owned stations in a dozen TV markets under the title Behind the Headlines with Mark Hyman in December 2010.

Hyman retired from Behind the Headlines in 2018, due to brain tumor that was later found to be non-cancerous.

He authored a book about various scandals in American history, published in October 2019: Washington Babylon: From George Washington to Donald Trump, Scandals that Rocked the Nation.

title: Mark Hyman (commentator)


text:
James Aloysius Hickey

James Aloysius Hickey (October 11, 1920 – October 24, 2004) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Washington from 1980 to 2000, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1988. Hickey previously served as Bishop of Cleveland from 1974 to 1980.

Hickey presided over a significant expansion of social services for the poor and sick in the Washington region by the Archdiocese of Washington. He was also a strong critic of American foreign policy in Nicaragua and El Salvador, and an advocate for nuclear disarmament.

Early life
James Hickey was born on October 11, 1920, in Midland, Michigan, to James and Agnes (née Ryan) Hickey; he had an older sister, Marie. James Hickey was a dentist who, during the Great Depression, treated patients who could not pay for their dental care. At age 13, James Hickey entered St. Joseph Minor Seminary in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He graduated as valedictorian from Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit in 1942. While in the seminary, Hickey helped provide pastoral care to migrant workers. He then attended The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

Priesthood
Hickey was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Saginaw by Bishop William Murphy on June 15, 1946. He then served as an associate pastor at St. Joseph's Parish in Saginaw, Michigan until 1947. Hickey went to Rome in 1947 to further his studies. He earned a Doctor of Canon Law degree from the Pontifical Lateran University in 1950, and a Doctor of Theology degree from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) in 1951.

After returning to Michigan, he served as secretary to Bishop Stephen Woznicki from 1951 to 1966. He was also the founding rector of St. Paul Seminary. From 1962 to 1965, Hickey attended the Second Vatican Council in Rome as a peritus for Bishop Woznicki. Hickey was raised to the rank of domestic prelate of his holiness on October 31, 1963.

Auxiliary Bishop of Saginaw
On February 18, 1967, Hickey was appointed as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Saginaw and titular bishop of Taraqua by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on April 14 1957, from Archbishop John Dearden, with Bishops Woznicki and Stephen Leven serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of St. Mary. Hickey selected as his episcopal motto: Veritatem In Caritate, meaning, "Truth in Charity" (Ephesians 4:15).

Hickey served as chairman of priestly formation within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) from 1968 to 1969. In March 1969, he became rector of the Pontifical North American College in Rome, where he would oversee the formation of American seminarians for the next five years.

Bishop of Cleveland
Hickey was named the eighth bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland on May 31, 1974 by Paul VI. Replacing Bishop Clarence Issenmann, he was installed on July 16 1974. During his tenure in Cleveland, Hickey was a advocate of racial unity and became active in justice issues involving El Salvador. In 1980, he traveled to El Salvador to attend the funeral of Archbishop Óscar Romero. Sister Dorothy Kazel and Jean Donovan, two women whom Hickey had commissioned to serve as missionaries in El Salvador, were later murdered there; he kept their photographs on the wall of his private chapel for the rest of his life.

Archbishop of Washington
Pope John Paul II appointed Hickey as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Washington on June 17, 1980. During the 1980's, Hickey lobbied members of the United States Congress to stop sending aid to the Contra insurgents in Nicaragua. He also pushed his fellow American bishops to take strong stands against increased military spending and in favor of nuclear disarmament. Hickey was one of the first American bishops to address the issue of sexual abuse by clergy, which would become a nationwide scandal in 2002.

During the Salvadoran Civil War, Hickey opposed the Reagan administration's support for the military government of El Salvador. In 1981, Hickey told the US House Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs: "Our position is to oppose military aid and intervention from all outside powers." He feared a Communist takeover in El Salvador but opposed sending military assistance, believing such weapons would strengthen repressive elements in security forces. In 1983, Hickey was dispatched by John Paul II on an apostolic visitation to investigate liturgical abuses in the Archdiocese of Seattle, then led by Archbishop Raymond Hunthausen. Commenting on the visitation, Hickey said, "It wasn't easy, you know."

Cardinal
John Paul II created Hickey as cardinal priest of Santa Maria Madre del Redentore a Tor Bella Monaca in the consistory of June 28, 1988. At that point, Hickey was one of thirteen Americans in the College of Cardinals. That same year, Hickey was invited to lead a retreat for the pope and his household. Within the USCCB, Hickey served as chairman of the Committee on Doctrine (1979–81), of the Committee on Human Values (1984–1987), and of the Committee on the Pontifical North American College (1989–1991; 1994–1997).

Hickey's tenure in Washington D.C. oversaw a significant expansion of Catholic Charities, which became the region's largest private social service agency. He also established:

 * The Archdiocesan Health Care Network
 * The Archdiocesan Legal Network, which provides pro bono care for the region's low income residents
 * Birthing and Care, which provides pre-natal, delivery and post-natal medical care to women in financial need
 * Faith in the City, an initiative to revitalize inner-city Catholic schools
 * Victory Housing, which develops assisted and independent living for senior citizens

In conjunction with Mother Teresa, Hickey also founded a Washington convent of the Missionaries of Charity for the care of the homeless and terminally ill. He once declared, "'We serve the homeless not because they are Catholic, but because we are Catholic. If we don't care for the sick, educate the young, care for the homeless, then we cannot call ourselves the church of Jesus Christ.'"Hickey resigned as archbishop on November 21, 2000, after twenty years of service.

Views
In addition to his social activism, Hickey was known for his orthodox views regarding Catholic doctrine.

LBGT ministries
Hickey ordered New Ways Ministry, an unauthorized ministry for LGBT Catholics, to stop any operations on archdiocese property in the early 1980's. He also forced Georgetown University to stop DignityUSA, a national LBGT ministry organization, from celebrating Mass on campus in 1987.

Liturgical abuses
Hickey complained about liturgical abuses at Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown, even sending then auxiliary bishop William E. Lori to investigate the Jesuit-run parish.

Contraception and abortion
Hickey halted archdiocesan funding for a crisis pregnancy center in College Park, Maryland, after it declined to stop dispensing contraceptives.

Dissident clergy
As chancellor of The Catholic University of America, Hickey handled the ouster of theologian Charles Curran from the university's faculty in 1987. Curran had dissented from the church position on contraceptives In 1989, Hickey excommunicated African-American priest George Stallings, a one-time protégé, after Stallings formed the unauthorized Imani Temple African-American Catholic Congregation.

HIV/AIDS
Hickey and Rev. Michael Peterson, a gay psychiatrist dying from AIDS on whom Hickey had relied for advice in treating pedophile priests, wrote a joint letter in 1987 to the American bishops acknowledging Peterson's diagnosis; Hickey wrote, "'Father Peterson's illness reminds us in a personal way of the terrible human tragedy of AIDS in our midst. His suffering challenges us to reach out with renewed conviction and compassion to those with AIDS and their families and friends.'"

Capital punishment
In early 2000, following on the Pope's calls for Catholics to oppose capital punishment, Hickey appealed to Maryland Governor Parris Glendening to commute the death sentence of Eugene Colvin-El.

Labor
While Archbishop of Washington, Hickey ordered all large scale building projects in the archdiocese to be union jobs.

Death
Hickey died at the Jeanne Jugan Home of the Little Sisters of the Poor in Washington, D.C., at age 84. Following a funeral Mass at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, he was buried in St. Francis Chapel at St. Matthew's Cathedral. When asked by The Washington Post in 1989 what he would like people to say about him after his death, Hickey replied, "'First, I'd like them to say that he was always loyal to his Church. Second, that he was a friend to Catholic education. And third, if they don't want to say the first two, at least I hope they would chisel on the stone, 'He served the poor.''"According to a 2020 Vatican report, Hickey failed to act on credible accusations of sexual abuse against then-Cardinal Theodore McCarrick and continued to offer his support and endorsement to McCarrick. While this assertion assumes the reader never read the 461-page document in which no such accusations were made, any reference to Hickey's supposed support was the following, "He (McCarrick) welcomed prominent prelates to the new Diocese, including Archbishop Laghi,124 Archbishop James A. Hickey,125 Sebastiano Cardinal Baggio,126 and Joseph Cardinal Bernardin ...While the Nunciature has been aware of these accusations, the Nuncio has affirmed that they have been investigated and not substantiated, and is basically convinced that they are not really credible. Nevertheless, this Dicastery would note that, in his letter of April 4, 1994, while Cardinal James Hickey mentions that [McCarrick] should be presumed innocent, he wrote: “All this does not completely eliminate the possibility of some wrongdoing; my counsel is to proceed very slowly and cautiously”

title: James Aloysius Hickey


text:
Kōji Morimoto

Kōji Morimoto (森本晃司) is a Japanese anime director. Some of his works include being an animator in the Akira film; shorts in Robot Carnival, Short Peace, and The Animatrix; and key animation in anime such as Kiki's Delivery Service, City Hunter, and Fist of the North Star. He is the co-founder of Studio 4°C. He has hosted the independent creative team 'phy' since 2009.

Biography
Born in Wakayama, Japan, he graduated from the Osaka Designers' college in 1979 and a couple of years later joined the studio Annapuru as an animator for the TV series Tomorrow's Joe. While working there, he saw some animation by Takashi Nakamura in Gold Lightan, an otherwise standard mecha TV series by a rival studio. He was impressed, and it inspired him to quit his job and become a freelance animator.

Morimoto often collaborated with Nakamura, most notably in Katsuhiro Otomo’s "The Order to Stop Construction" segment of the anthology film Neo-Tokyo. This opened many doors for him, from working as animation director on Otomo's landmark feature Akira and a chance to direct a short for the Robot Carnival anthology. Around this time he founded Studio 4°C with producer Eiko Tanaka and fellow animator Yoshiharu Sato.

Since then, Morimoto has focused almost exclusively on his directing work. His work became increasingly unusual with time. This is best represented by the concert scenes in Macross Plus and his short film Noiseman Sound Insect.

Aside from a small cult following, his films have been ignored outside Japan. This has begun to change in recent years, with his artwork being featured in Takashi Murakami's Superflat exhibitions worldwide, the Anime Proto Cut exhibition, and was invited by The Wachowskis to direct "Beyond", a segment of The Animatrix. He is currently working on Sachiko, his second feature-length film.

Film

 * Robot Carnival – "Franken's Gears" (1987)
 * Akira (animator, 1988)
 * Fly! Peek the Whale (とべ!くじらのピーク) (1991)
 * Nine Love Stories – "Hero" (1991)
 * Open the door (トビラを開けて) (1995)
 * Memories – "Magnetic Rose" (1995)
 * Noiseman Sound Insect (1997)
 * Eternal Family (1997)
 * Dimension Loop (2001)
 * The Animatrix – "Beyond" (2003)
 * Digital Juice – "The Saloon in the Air" (2003)
 * Mind Game (2004)
 * Genius Party Beyond – "Dimension Bomb" (2008)
 * Short Peace (2013) – opening sequence
 * A Better Tomorrow (2013) (Director HIKARI) – LEXUS SHORT FILMS Animation’s Part
 * 25 Anniversary Magic: The Gathering Exhibition (2018) "φ(Phy)"

TV

 * Italian game (2016) "Lupin the III" Opening Animation
 * 18if　 (2016)– Episode#10 "α Dream Dimension"
 * Rinishii!! Ekoda Chan (2019) – Episode　#12

Music video

 * KEN ISHII – "EXTRA" (1996)
 * The Bluetones – "4-Day Weekend" (1998)
 * Glay – "Survival" (サバイバル) (1999)
 * Hikaru Utada – "You Make Me Want To Be A Man" (2005)
 * Hikaru Utada – "Passion" (2005)

title: Kōji Morimoto


text:
Joseph Bramah

Joseph Bramah (13 April 1748 – 9 December 1814) was an English inventor and locksmith. He is best known for having improved the flush toilet and inventing the hydraulic press. Along with William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong, he can be considered one of the two fathers of hydraulic engineering.

Early life
Joseph Bramah was the second son in the family of Joseph Bramma (note the different spelling of the surname), a farmer, and his wife, Mary Denton. He was educated at the local school in Silkstone in South Yorkshire, and on leaving school he was apprenticed to a local carpenter. On completing his apprenticeship he moved to London, where he started work as a cabinet-maker. In 1783 he married Mary Lawton of Mapplewell, near Barnsley, and the couple set up home in London. They subsequently had a daughter and four sons. The couple lived first at 124 Piccadilly, but later moved to Eaton Street, Pimlico.

Improved water closet
In London, Bramah worked for a Mr Allen, installing water closets (toilets) which were designed to a patent obtained by Alexander Cumming in 1775. He found that the current model being installed in London houses had a tendency to freeze in cold weather. Although it was Allen who improved the design by replacing the usual slide valve with a hinged flap that sealed the bottom of the bowl, Bramah obtained the patent for it in 1778, and began making toilets at a workshop in Denmark Street, St Giles.

Bramah Locks company
After attending some lectures on technical aspects of locks, Bramah designed a lock of his own, receiving a patent for it in 1784. In the same year he started the Bramah Locks company at 124 Piccadilly, which is today based in Fitzrovia, London and Romford, Essex.

The locks produced by his company were famed for their resistance to lock picking and tampering, and the company famously had a "Challenge Lock" displayed in the window of their London shop from 1790 mounted on a board containing the inscription:

The artist who can make an instrument that will pick or open this lock shall receive 200 guineas the moment it is produced. The challenge stood for over 67 years until, at the Great Exhibition of 1851, the American locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs was able to open the lock and, following some argument about the circumstances under which he had opened it, was awarded the prize. Hobbs' attempt required some 51 hours, spread over 16 days.

The Challenge Lock is in the Science Museum in London. An examination of the lock shows that it has been rebuilt since Hobbs picked it. Originally it had 18 iron slides and 1 central spring; it now has 13 steel slides, each with its own spring.

Bramah received a second patent for a lock design in 1798.

Machine tools
Partly due to the precision requirements of his locks, Bramah spent much time developing machine tools to assist manufacturing processes. He relied heavily on the expertise of Henry Maudslay whom he employed in his workshop from the age of 18. Between them they created a number of innovative machines that made the production of Bramah's locks more efficient, and were applicable to other fields of manufacture.

Just before Bramah died, his workshops also employed Joseph Clement who among other things made several contributions in the field of lathe design.

Hydraulic press
Bramah's most important invention was the hydraulic press. The hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle, that pressure change throughout a closed system is constant. The press had two cylinders and pistons of different cross-sectional areas. If a force was exerted on the smaller piston, this would be translated into a larger force on the larger piston. The difference in the two forces would be proportional to the difference in area of the two pistons. In effect the cylinders act in a similar way that a lever is used to increase the force exerted. Bramah was granted a patent for his hydraulic press in 1795.

Bramah's hydraulic press had many industrial applications and still does today. At the time Bramah was bringing his concepts to fruition, the field of hydraulic engineering was an almost unknown science. Bramah and William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong were the two pioneers in the field.

The hydraulic press is still known as the Bramah Press after its inventor.

Other inventions
Bramah was a very prolific inventor, though not all of his inventions were as important as his hydraulic press. They included: a beer engine (1797), a planing machine (1802), a paper-making machine (1805), a machine for automatically printing bank notes with sequential serial numbers (1806), and a machine for making quill pen nibs (1809). He also patented the first extrusion process for making lead pipes and also machinery for making gun stocks (Patent No. 2652). His greatest contribution to engineering was his insistence on quality control. He realised that for engines to succeed, they would have to be machined to a much better standard than was the practice. He taught the Cornish engineer Arthur Woolf to machine engines to a close tolerance. This enabled Cornish engines to run with high-pressure steam, vastly increasing their output. Woolf became the leading Cornish steam engineer and his designs were adopted by all the engine designers of the day. The 15-HP engines of Watt and others of circa 1800 gave way to 450-HP engines by 1835. Bramah can be viewed as a founding father in industrial quality control.

Death and legacy
One of Bramah's last inventions was a hydrostatic press capable of uprooting trees. This was put to work at Holt Forest in Hampshire. While superintending this work Bramah caught a cold, which developed into pneumonia. He died at Holt Forest on 9 December 1814. He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary's, Paddington.

The Brazilian Brahma beer brand is named for him. In 2006, a pub in Barnsley town centre was opened named the Joseph Bramah in his memory.

Patents
Bramah was a prolific inventor, and obtained 18 patents for his designs between 1778 and 1812.

 * 1778
 * Flushing toilet (Pat. No. 1177)

 * 21 August 1784
 * Bramah lock (Pat. No. 1430)

 * 9 May 1785
 * Beer pump

 * 1785
 * Hydrostatical machine and boiler, propelling vessels, carriages, etc. (Pat. No. 1478)

 * 1790
 * Rotary engines (with Thomas Dickinson) (Pat. No. 1720)

 * 1793
 * Fire engines (Pat. No. 1948)
 * Beer engines and brewing (Pat. No. 2196)

 * 1795
 * Hydraulic press (Pat. No. 2045)

 * 1796
 * First Pumper Fire Truck

 * 1798
 * Locks (Pat. No. 2232)

 * 1802
 * A planing machine for making gun stocks (Pat. No. 2652)

 * 1805
 * Improvements to paper manufacture and printing (Pat. No. 2840)

 * 1806
 * Printing and numbering of banknotes (Pat. No. 2957)
 * Improvements to paper manufacture and printing (Pat. No. 2977)

 * 1809
 * Pens (Pat. No. 3260)
 * Carriages (Pat. No. 3270)

 * 1812
 * Public water mains and high-pressure hydraulic mains (Pat. No. 3611)
 * Carriages (Pat. No. 3616)

title: Joseph Bramah


text:
Akhil Bharatiya Sena

Akhil Bharatiya Sena (lit. All India Army) is a political party founded in 1997 in Mumbai, Maharashtra by Arun Gawli (alias 'Daddy'). Gawli had earlier been close to the Shiv Sena supremo, Bal Thackeray, but in 1996 a bloody feud surged between them when Arun Gawli mercilessly slew several Sena party legislators and party workers. Gawli then formed a separate party.

In the BrihanMumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) elections 2002 the ABS candidate Sunil Ghate defeated the Sena candidate in Gawli's home turf. Ghate is today the sole ABS corporator in BMC.

In the Lok Sabha elections 2004 Gawli got 92,210 votes (26.5%) in the constituency Mumbai South Central.

In the Maharashtra state assembly elections later the same year ABS launched 20 candidates. One (Gawli) got elected.

The trade union wing of ABS is called Akhil Bharatiya Kamgar Sena.

In 2007 BMC elections (Mumbai city council) ABS won 2 seat. His daughter Geeta Gawali won and became corporator on ABS ticket. In 2009 ABS supported Congress party and its candidate Milind Deora on Mumbai South. In 2010 Arun Gawali and all his candidates lost the election for (vidhan sabha) Maharashtra Assembly election. In 2017 new candidate Santosh (Henry) Alfred DSaoza joined Akhil Bhartiya Sena from Ward No 209. However, he lost the election and he is now Byculla Taluka Adhyaksha.

Currently, Gawali is lodged in jail.

title: Akhil Bharatiya Sena


text:
Wonderful World (Eva Cassidy album)

Wonderful World is a compilation album by American singer Eva Cassidy, released in 2004, eight years after her death in 1996. (see 2004 in music).

Track listing

 * 1) "What a Wonderful World" (Bob Thiele, David Weiss) – 4:20
 * 2) "Kathy's Song" (Paul Simon) – 2:45
 * 3) "Say Goodbye" (Steven Digman, Andrew Hernandez) – 3:56
 * 4) "Anniversary Song" (Steven Digman) – 2:51
 * 5) "How Can I Keep from Singing?" (Traditional) – 4:27
 * 6) "You Take My Breath Away" (Claire Hamill) – 5:40
 * 7) "Drowning in the Sea of Love" (Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff) – 4:18
 * 8) "Penny to My Name" (Roger Henderson) – 3:39
 * 9) "You've Changed" (Bill Carey, Carl Fischer) – 4:47
 * 10) "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" (Paul Anka) – 3:13
 * 11) "Waly Waly" (Traditional) – 4:39

Personnel

 * Eva Cassidy – acoustic guitar, guitar, vocals
 * Chris Biondo – bass, electric guitar
 * Chuck Brown – background vocals
 * Laura Byrne – flute
 * Mark Carson – piano
 * Dan Cassidy – violin
 * Steve Digman – guitar
 * Carolene Evans – strings
 * Mark Tufty Evans – strings, cello
 * Anthony Flowers – Hammond organ
 * Keith Grimes – acoustic guitar, guitar, electric guitar
 * Ian Lawther – bagpipes
 * Edgardo Malaga Jr. – strings
 * Raice McLeod – drums
 * Zan McLeod – bouzouki, guitar, mandolin
 * Joanne Opgenorth – strings
 * Uri Wassertzug – strings
 * Lenny Williams – organ, piano, keyboards

Production

 * Producers: Eva Cassidy, Chris Biondo, Lenny Williams
 * Mastering: Robert Vosgien
 * Arranger: Eva Cassidy
 * Drum Programming: Chris Biondo
 * Compilation: Bill Straw
 * Sequencing: Bill Straw
 * Design: Eileen White
 * Photography: Chris Biondo, Elaine Stonebraker
 * Liner Notes: Kevin Howlett

title: Wonderful World (Eva Cassidy album)


text:
Polypharmacy

Polypharmacy (polypragmasia) is an umbrella term to describe the simultaneous use of multiple medicines by a patient for their conditions. The term polypharmacy is often defined as regularly taking five or more medicines but there is no standard definition and the term has also been used in the context of when a person is prescribed 2 or more medications at the same time. Polypharmacy may be the consequence of having multiple long-term conditions, also known as multimorbidity and is more common in people who are older. In some cases, an excessive number of medications at the same time is worrisome, especially for people who are older with many chronic health conditions, because this increases the risk of an adverse event in that population. In many cases, polypharmacy cannot be avoided, but 'appropriate polypharmacy' practices are encouraged to decrease the risk of adverse effects. Appropriate polypharmacy is defined as the practice of prescribing for a person who has multiple conditions or complex health needs by ensuring that medications prescribed are optimized and follow 'best evidence' practices.

The prevalence of polypharmacy is estimated to be between 10% and 90% depending on the definition used, the age group studied, and the geographic location. Polypharmacy continues to grow in importance because of aging populations. Many countries are experiencing a fast growth of the older population, 65 years and older. This growth is a result of the baby-boomer generation getting older and an increased life expectancy as a result of ongoing improvement in health care services worldwide. About 21% of adults with intellectual disability are also exposed to polypharmacy. The level of polypharmacy has been increasing in the past decades. Research in the USA shows that the percentage of patients greater than 65 years-old using more than 5 medications increased from 24% to 39% between 1999 and 2012. Similarly, research in the UK found that the number of older people taking 5 plus medication had quadrupled from 12% to nearly 50% between 1994 and 2011.

Polypharmacy is not necessarily ill-advised, but in many instances can lead to negative outcomes or poor treatment effectiveness, often being more harmful than helpful or presenting too much risk for too little benefit. Therefore, health professionals consider it a situation that requires monitoring and review to validate whether all of the medications are still necessary. Concerns about polypharmacy include increased adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, prescribing cascade, and higher costs. A prescribing cascade occurs when a person is prescribed a drug and experiences an adverse drug effect that is misinterpreted as a new medical condition, so the patient is prescribed another drug. Polypharmacy also increases the burden of medication taking particularly in older people and is associated with medication non-adherence.

Polypharmacy is often associated with a decreased quality of life, including decreased mobility and cognition. Patient factors that influence the number of medications a patient is prescribed include a high number of chronic conditions requiring a complex drug regimen. Other systemic factors that impact the number of medications a patient is prescribed include a patient having multiple prescribers and multiple pharmacies that may not communicate.

Whether or not the advantages of polypharmacy (over taking single medications or monotherapy) outweigh the disadvantages or risks depends upon the particular combination and diagnosis involved in any given case. The use of multiple drugs, even in fairly straightforward illnesses, is not an indicator of poor treatment and is not necessarily overmedication. Moreover, it is well accepted in pharmacology that it is impossible to accurately predict the side effects or clinical effects of a combination of drugs without studying that particular combination of drugs in test subjects. Knowledge of the pharmacologic profiles of the individual drugs in question does not assure accurate prediction of the side effects of combinations of those drugs; and effects also vary among individuals because of genome-specific pharmacokinetics. Therefore, deciding whether and how to reduce a list of medications (deprescribe) is often not simple and requires the experience and judgment of a practicing clinician, as the clinician must weigh the pros and cons of keeping the patient on the medication. However, such thoughtful and wise review is an ideal that too often does not happen, owing to problems such as poorly handled care transitions (poor continuity of care, usually because of siloed information), overworked physicians and other clinical staff, and interventionism.

Appropriate medical uses
While polypharmacy is typically regarded as undesirable, prescription of multiple medications can be appropriate and therapeutically beneficial in some circumstances. “Appropriate polypharmacy” is described as prescribing for complex or multiple conditions in such a way that necessary medicines are used based on the best available evidence at the time to preserve safety and well-being. Polypharmacy is clinically indicated in some chronic conditions, for example in diabetes mellitus, but should be discontinued when evidence of benefit from the prescribed drugs no longer outweighs potential for harm (described below in Contraindications).

Often certain medications can interact with others in a positive way specifically intended when prescribed together, to achieve a greater effect than any of the single agents alone. This is particularly prominent in the field of anesthesia and pain management – where atypical agents such as antiepileptics, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, NMDA antagonists, and other medications are combined with more typical analgesics such as opioids, prostaglandin inhibitors, NSAIDS and others. This practice of pain management drug synergy is known as an analgesia sparing effect.

Examples

 * A legitimate treatment regimen in the first year after a myocardial infarction may include: a statin, an ACE inhibitor, a beta-blocker, aspirin, paracetamol and an antidepressant.
 * In anesthesia (particularly IV anesthesia and general anesthesia) multiple agents are almost always required – including hypnotics or analgesic inducing/maintenance agents such as midazolam or propofol, usually an opioid analgesic such as morphine or fentanyl, a paralytic such as vecuronium, and in inhaled general anesthesia generally a halogenated ether anesthetic such as sevoflurane or desflurane.

Special populations
People who are at greatest risk for negative polypharmacy consequences include elderly people, people with psychiatric conditions, patients with intellectual or developmental disabilities, people taking five or more drugs at the same time, those with multiple physicians and pharmacies, people who have been recently hospitalized, people who have concurrent comorbidities, people who live in rural communities, people with inadequate access to education, and those with impaired vision or dexterity. Marginalized populations may have a greater degrees of polypharmacy, which can occur more frequently in younger age groups.

It is not uncommon for people who are dependent or addicted to substances to enter or remain in a state of polypharmacy misuse. About 84% of prescription drug misusers reported using multiple drugs. Note, however, that the term polypharmacy and its variants generally refer to legal drug use as-prescribed, even when used in a negative or critical context.

Measures can be taken to limit polypharmacy to its truly legitimate and appropriate needs. This is an emerging area of research, frequently called deprescribing. Reducing the number of medications, as part of a clinical review, can be an effective healthcare intervention. Clinical pharmacists can perform drug therapy reviews and teach physicians and their patients about drug safety and polypharmacy, as well as collaborating with physicians and patients to correct polypharmacy problems. Similar programs are likely to reduce the potentially deleterious consequences of polypharmacy such as adverse drug events, non-adherence, hospital admissions, drug-drug interactions, geriatric syndromes, and mortality. Such programs hinge upon patients and doctors informing pharmacists of other medications being prescribed, as well as herbal, over-the-counter substances and supplements that occasionally interfere with prescription-only medication. Staff at residential aged care facilities have a range of views and attitudes towards polypharmacy that, in some cases, may contribute to an increase in medication use.

Risks of polypharmacy
The risk of polypharmacy increases with age, although there is some evidence that it may decrease slightly after age 90 years. Poorer health is a strong predictor of polypharmacy at any age, although it is unclear whether the polypharmacy causes the poorer health or if polypharmacy is used because of the poorer health. It appears possible that the risk factors for polypharmacy may be different for younger and middle-aged people compared to older people.

The use of polypharmacy is correlated to the use of potentially inappropriate medications. Potentially inappropriate medications are generally taken to mean those that have been agreed upon by expert consensus, such as by the Beers Criteria. These medications are generally inappropriate for older adults because the risks outweigh the benefits. Examples of these include urinary anticholinergics used to treat incontinence; the associated risks, with anticholinergics, include constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, impaired cognition, and falls. Many older people living in long term care facilities experience polypharmacy, and under-prescribing of potentially indicated medicines and use of high risk medicines can also occur. Medicine use rises from 6.0 ± 3.8 regular medicines on average when people enter long term care to 8.9 ± 4.1 regular medicines after two years.

Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of falls in elderly people. Certain medications are well known to be associated with the risk of falls, including cardiovascular and psychoactive medications. There is some evidence that the risk of falls increases cumulatively with the number of medications. Although often not practical to achieve, withdrawing all medicines associated with falls risk can halve an individual's risk of future falls.

Every medication has potential adverse side-effects. With every drug added, there is an additive risk of side-effects. Also, some medications have interactions with other substances, including foods, other medications, and herbal supplements. 15% of older adults are potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction. Older adults are at a higher risk for a drug-drug interaction due to the increased number of medications prescribed and metabolic changes that occur with aging. When a new drug is prescribed, the risk of interactions increases exponentially. Doctors and pharmacists aim to avoid prescribing medications that interact; often, adjustments in the dose of medications need to be made to avoid interactions. For example, warfarin interacts with many medications and supplements that can cause it to lose its effect.

Pill burden
Pill burden is the number of pills (tablets or capsules, the most common dosage forms) that a person takes on a regular basis, along with all associated efforts that increase with that number - like storing, organizing, consuming, and understanding the various medications in one's regimen. The use of individual medications is growing faster than pill burden. A recent study found that older adults in long term care are taking an average of 14 to 15 tablets every day.

Poor medical adherence is a common challenge among individuals who have increased pill burden and are subject to polypharmacy. It also increases the possibility of adverse medication reactions (side effects) and drug-drug interactions. High pill burden has also been associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, medication errors, and increased costs for both the pharmaceuticals themselves and for the treatment of adverse events. Finally, pill burden is a source of dissatisfaction for many patients and family carers.

High pill burden was commonly associated with antiretroviral drug regimens to control HIV, and is also seen in other patient populations. For instance, adults with multiple common chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, lymphedema, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, and clinical depression may be prescribed more than a dozen different medications daily. The combination of multiple drugs has been associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events.

Reducing pill burden is recognized as a way to improve medication compliance, also referred to as adherence. This is done through "deprescribing", where the risks and benefits are weighed when considering whether to continue a medication. This includes drugs such as bisphosphonates (for osteoporosis), which are often taken indefinitely although there is only evidence to use it for five to ten years. Patient educational programs, reminder messages, medication packaging, and the use of memory tricks has also been seen to improve adherence and reduce pill burden in several countries. These include associating medications with mealtimes, recording the dosage on the box, storing the medication in a special place, leaving it in plain sight in the living room, or putting the prescription sheet on the refrigerator. The development of applications has also shown some benefit in this regard. The use of a polypill regimen, such as combination pill for HIV treatment, as opposed to a multi-pill regimen, also alleviates pill burden and increases adherence.

The selection of long-acting active ingredients over short-acting ones may also reduce pill burden. For instance, ACE inhibitors are used in the management of hypertension. Both captopril and lisinopril are examples of ACE inhibitors. However, lisinopril is dosed once a day, whereas captopril may be dosed 2-3 times a day. Assuming that there are no contraindications or potential for drug interactions, using lisinopril instead of captopril may be an appropriate way to limit pill burden.

Interventions
The most common intervention to help people who are struggling with polypharmacy is deprescribing. Deprescribing can be confused with medication simplification, which does not attempt to reduce the number of medicines but rather reduce the number of dose forms and administration times. Deprescribing refers to reducing the number of medications that a person is prescribed and includes the identification and discontinuance of medications when the benefit no longer outweighs the harm. In elderly patients, this can commonly be done as a patient becomes more frail and treatment focus needs to shift from preventative to palliative. Deprescribing is feasible and effective in many settings including residential care, communities and hospitals. This preventative measure should be considered for anyone who exhibits one of the following: (1) a new symptom or adverse event arises, (2) when the person develops an end-stage disease, (3) if the combination of drugs is risky, or (4) if stopping the drug does not alter the disease trajectory.

Several tools exist to help physicians decide when to deprescribe and what medications can be added to a pharmaceutical regimen. The Beers Criteria and the STOPP/START criteria help identify medications that have the highest risk of adverse drug events (ADE) and drug-drug interactions. The Medication appropriateness tool for comorbid health conditions during dementia (MATCH-D) is the only tool available specifically for people with dementia, and also cautions against polypharmacy and complex medication regimens.

Barriers faced by both physicians and people taking the medications have made it challenging to apply deprescribing strategies in practice. For physicians, these include fear of consequences of deprescribing, the prescriber's own confidence in their skills and knowledge to deprescribe, reluctance to alter medications that are prescribed by specialists, the feasibility of deprescribing, lack of access to all of patients' clinical notes, and the complexity of having multiple providers. For patients who are prescribed or require the medication, barriers include attitudes or beliefs about the medications, inability to communicate with physicians, fears and uncertainties surrounding deprescribing, and influence of physicians, family, and the media. Barriers can include other health professionals or carers, such as in residential care, believing that the medicines are required.

In people with multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) and polypharmacy deprescribing represents a complex challenge as clinical guidelines are usually developed for single conditions. In these cases tools and guidelines like the Beers Criteria and STOPP/START could be used safely by clinicians but not all patients might benefit from stopping their medication. There is a need for clarity about how much clinicians can do beyond the guidelines and the responsibility they need to take could help them prescribing and deprescribing for complex cases. Further factors that can help clinicians tailor their decisions to the individual are: access to detailed data on the people in their care (including their backgrounds and personal medical goals), discussing plans to stop a medicine already when it is first prescribed, and a good relationship that involves mutual trust and regular discussions on progress. Furthermore, longer appointments for prescribing and deprescribing would allow time explain the process of deprescribing, explore related concerns, and support making the right decisions.

The effectiveness of specific interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy such as pharmaceutical care and computerised decision support is unclear. This is due to low quality of current evidence surrounding these interventions. High quality evidence is needed to make any conclusions about the effects of such interventions in any environment, including in care homes. Deprescribing is not influenced by whether medicines are prescribed through a paper-based or an electronic system. Deprescribing rounds has been proposed as a potentially successful methodology in reducing polypharmacy. Sharing of positive outcomes from physicians who have implemented deprescribing, increased communication between all practitioners involved in patient care, higher compensation for time spent deprescribing, and clear deprescribing guidelines can help enable the practice of deprescribing. Despite the difficulties, a recent blinded study of deprescribing reported that participants used an average of two fewer medicines each after 12 months showing again that deprescribing is feasible.

title: Polypharmacy


text: Talk:Wonderful World (Eva Cassidy album)