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Tiptree

Tiptree is a village and civil parish in the English county of Essex, situated 10 mi south-west of Colchester and around 50 mi north-east of London. Surrounding villages include Messing, Tolleshunt Knights, Tolleshunt Major, Layer Marney, Inworth, Birch, Great Braxted, Great Totham and Little Totham.

The placename 'Tiptree' is first attested in a charter of circa 1225, where it appears as Typpetre. The name means "Tippa's tree".

The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 9,152. The village has been expanding rapidly for several years with large numbers of new houses and estates being built, though it stills retains the title of being a village. The 'village' status was the subject of a local referendum in 1999 but residents and secondary school pupils rejected town status. Tiptree is amongst the contenders for the title of 'largest village in England'.

Tiptree has four primary schools: St Luke's Church of England Primary school, Milldene Primary School, Tiptree Heath Primary School and Baynard's Primary School. Thurstable School provides secondary and sixth form education. Messing Maypole Mill, a Grade II* listed tower mill, and the preserves company Wilkin & Sons, whose products use the village name as part of their brand, are located in the village.

Tiptree is within the City of Colchester and is administered by Tiptree Parish Council, Colchester City Council and Essex County Council. It is within the Parliamentary constituency of Witham.

Tiptree was the site of the Tiptree sneeze, an event that occurred on 22 February 2014 at a concert by the London Central Fellowship Band at St. Luke's Parish Church where a trombonist sneezed into his trombone while playing. A video of the event was posted to YouTube and went viral in 2014.

Nature reserves
Tiptree Heath lies to the south of Tiptree. The 25-hectare heath is the largest surviving fragment of heathland in Essex and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Historically the area was a focal point for smugglers, who used the secluded water inlets of Tollesbury, Salcott cum Virley and Mersea, and often hid their contraband within the overgrown heathland. Species found on the heath include Cross-leaved Heather (Erica tetralix), Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) and Ling or Common Heather (Calluna). To help maintain the heath, Dexter cattle are grazed there during the summer and a herd of hardy Exmoor ponies throughout the year. Tiptree Parish Field is a Local Nature Reserve.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward had a population of 7,583 at the 2011 Census.

Economy
Tiptree is an internationally recognised brand of preserves manufactured in the village by Wilkin & Sons. The business was founded by the Wilkins, a local farming family in 1885. The company employs 220 full-time staff and has a turnover which exceeded £24 million in 2008.

Tiptree is the home of JobServe, the world's first online recruitment service, based on the Tower Business Park. They now employ around 100 local people. Started in 1993, the company has grown significantly and in 2006 the company processed in excess of 9 million job applications. The village is the head office of Underwoods Motor Group with both Ford and Vauxhall franchises. On the outskirts of Tiptree is Perrywood Garden Centre and Nurseries.

Religion
Within the Church of England, the village is part of the United Benefice of Tolleshunt Knights with Tiptree and Great Braxted. The parish church is Saint Luke's, located on Church Road, next to St Lukes CofE Primary School. The church celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2006.

Alongside the parish church, there are three other churches in the village, Kingsland Church, Tiptree United Reformed Church, and St John Houghton, a Roman Catholic church.

In nearby village of Tolleshunt Knights is the oldest and largest Orthodox Christian Monastery in Western Europe, the Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St. John the Baptist. It was founded by Elder Sophrony, an Athos trained monk from Russia, in 1959. He has been recently canonized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Transport
From about 1904 until 1951 the village was served by the Kelvedon and Tollesbury Light Railway (locally known as the Crab and Winkle Line). It was an early victim of the mid-20th century cutbacks to the British Rail network and Tiptree railway station closed in 1951. The nearest operational railway station is Kelvedon on the main Norwich to London Liverpool Street line.

Today, the village is bisected by the B1022 Colchester to Maldon road, and the B1023 Kelvedon to Tollesbury road. Tiptree is also close to the main A12 trunk road which passes through Essex. Bus services link the village to surrounding towns.

Climate
In East Anglia, the warmest time of the year is July and August, when maximum temperatures average around 21 °C (70 °F). The coolest time of the year is January and February, when minimum temperatures average around 1 °C (34 °F). East Anglia's average annual rainfall is about 605 millimetres, with October to January being the wettest months.

Notable residents
Notable residents have included:

 * John Joseph Mechi (1802-1880), silversmith, banker, inventor and Alderman of the City of London; owned, and died at, Tiptree Hall.

title: Tiptree


text: User talk:66.201.149.241

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Soko Islands

The Soko Islands are a group of islands in Hong Kong. The group consists of Tai A Chau, Siu A Chau and several smaller nearby islands, in the southwesternmost waters of the territory, to the southwest of Lantau Island.

An older name for this island group was "Sok Kwu Kwan To" (Fishing Net Islands).

The islands are mainly composed of granite and a band of rhyodacite. Waters of the island group are brackish due to being in the Pearl River estuary.

Islands
The islands of the group are:

 * Cheung Muk Tau
 * Ko Pai
 * Lung Shuen Pai
 * Ma Chau
 * Shek Chau
 * Siu A Chau
 * Tai A Chau
 * Tau Lo Chau
 * Wan Hau Chau
 * Yuen Chau
 * Yuen Kong Chau

History
Now uninhabited, the islands formerly accommodated a refugee camp for Vietnamese boat people. Vietnamese detention centres were established in Hong Kong following waves of Vietnamese fleeing after the fall of Saigon in 1975. The Tai A Chau Detention Centre (IN59) was closed in September 1996.

In 2016, CLP Power proposed the islands as site for a terminal to receive liquefied natural gas (LNG) for use in electricity generation. This proposal is opposed by local environmental groups because the surrounding waters are an important habitat for various marine species, particularly the rare Chinese white dolphin.

In February 2020, OceansAsia reported finding 70 face masks washed up on one beach of the islands. The same beach was examined the following November, and OceansAsia volunteers reported collecting 54 more masks.

Conservation
The soft shore beach of Siu A Chau can attract green turtles and the islands were proposed to be a protected marine park.

The South Lantau Marine Park was designated as a marine park in June 2022. It encompasses the Soko Islands and an area between Siu A Chau and Tai A Chau. The stated aim of the marine park is to help conserve the Chinese white dolphins and finless Porpoises.

Education
The Soko Islands are in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 97. Within the school net are three aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) on Cheung Chau; no government schools are in this net.

title: Soko Islands


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Musselburgh

Musselburgh (Musselburrae; Baile nam Feusgan) is the largest settlement in East Lothian, Scotland, on the coast of the Firth of Forth, 5 mi east of Edinburgh city centre. It has a population of.

History
The name Musselburgh is Old English in origin, with mussel referring to the shellfish. The burgh element appears to derive from burh, in the same way as Edinburgh, before the introduction of formal burghs by David I. Its earliest Anglic name was Eskmuthe (Eskmouth) for its location at the mouth of the River Esk.

Musselburgh was first settled by the Romans in the years following their invasion of Scotland in AD 80. They built a fort a little inland from the mouth of the River Esk, at Inveresk.

They bridged the Esk downstream from the fort, and thus established the line of the main eastern approach to Scotland's capital for most of the next 2,000 years. The bridge built by the Romans outlasted them by many centuries. It was rebuilt on the original Roman foundations some time before 1300, and in 1597 it was rebuilt again, this time with a third arch added on the east side of the river. The Old Bridge is also known as the Roman Bridge and remains in use today by pedestrians. To its north is the New Bridge, designed by John Rennie the Elder and built in 1806. This in turn was considerably widened in 1925.

Musselburgh was made a burgh of barony c.1315 and a burgh of regality in 1562. The town attempted to become a royal burgh in 1632 but this was prevented by opposition from Edinburgh burgesses. Although Edinburgh is now known to have been a burgh by 1125, Musselburgh's antiquity is reflected in the Scots-language traditional rhyme:

Musselburgh was a burgh When Edinburgh was nane, And Musselburgh will be a burgh When Edinburgh's gane.

Musselburgh is known as "The Honest Toun", and celebrates this by the annual election of the Honest Lad and Lass. The town motto "Honestas dates back to 1332, when the Regent of Scotland, Randolph, Earl of Moray, died in the burgh after a long illness during which he was devotedly cared for by the townsfolk. His successor offered to reward the people for their loyalty but they declined, saying they were only doing their duty. The new regent, the Earl of Mar, was impressed and said they were a set of honest men, hence "Honest Toun".

Archaeological excavations by Headland Archaeology between 2003–04, as part of work to renew the water mains, found that the Medieval town was concentrated on the High Street and that occupation in the North High Street area and Fisherrow only dates to the 16th century or later. The early town was centred on the eastern side of the river Esk.

Stoneyhill House dates from the mid 18th century. The estate of Stoneyhill was formerly owned by Sir William Sharp and later passed to the Earl of Wemyss.

The town and its population grew considerably throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, with major local authority and private housing developments on both the eastern and western outskirts.

The Battle of Pinkie, part of the Rough Wooing between Scotland and England, was fought south of Musselburgh in 1547.

Town Council
Prior to the local government reforms of 1975, Musselburgh was a small burgh within the county of Midlothian. As such, it elected a town council responsible for a number of areas of local governance, including housing, lighting and street cleaning and drainage. Midlothian County Council was responsible for other areas, including education. The town council met at the Musselburgh Tolbooth and later, for a short period before its abolition, at the Brunton Hall. The town's civic head and chairman of the council was the provost and there were three bailies and a treasurer.

After the local government reforms of 1975, Musselburgh was transferred to the East Lothian district of the new Lothian region, and subsequently became part of the East Lothian unitary council area in 1996.

Population
As of the mid-2016 estimate, Musselburgh has a population of. At the 2011 census, the population was 19,159 and 93% of residents were born in the United Kingdom.

Religion
At the 2011 Census, 52% of Musselburgh residents stated they belonged to a religion, with 51% being Christians, and there are several churches catering to different denominations.

Church of Scotland
There are three Church of Scotland ecclesiastical parishes in Musselburgh, each with its own church, however discussions are currently underway regarding the future of these three churches and possible amalgamation:

 * North Esk
 * St. Andrew's High
 * St. Michael's, Inveresk

Roman Catholicism
There is one Roman Catholic congregation which worships at Our Lady of Loretto and St Michael Catholic Church.

Scottish Episcopal Church
There is one Scottish Episcopal congregation which worships at St Peter's Church.

Other Churches

 * Harbour Church
 * Hope Church
 * Musselburgh Baptist Church
 * Musselburgh Congregational Church

Education
Schools include Loretto School, a private boarding school, and Musselburgh Grammar School, the local large comprehensive that is one of the oldest grammar schools in the country, dating from 1608. Primary schools include: Campie Primary School, Musselburgh Burgh Primary School, Stoneyhill Primary School, Pinkie St Peter's Primary School, Loretto RC Primary School and Loretto Nippers (private). Early learning locations (ages 3–5) include The Burgh, Stoneyhill, Loretto RC, and St. Ninian's. There are also several private nurseries for pre school aged children.

Edinburgh's Queen Margaret University has relocated all its schools from Edinburgh to Musselburgh. Her Majesty The Queen officially opened the QMU campus in July 2008.

Railway
Musselburgh is served by two railway stations. Musselburgh railway station is in the west of the town adjacent to Queen Margaret University and has regular ScotRail services from Edinburgh Waverley to North Berwick. It is a relatively new station, having opened in 1988. The other station serving the town is Wallyford railway station to the east of the town in the village of Wallyford, which opened in 1994.

The town's original station was close to the town centre at the end of a short branch from Newhailes Junction. Passenger services from there ceased in 1964, and the line closed to all traffic in the early 1970s. The former railway line is now a road bypassing the Fisherrow area of the town. There was also a station at Fisherrow.

Bus
The town is served by Lothian Buses, East Coast Buses and Prentice Coaches Ltd.

Roads
The A1 by-passes the town and meets the A720 Edinburgh City Bypass at the edge of the town before continuing to Edinburgh city centre. The A199 goes through the High Street to Edinburgh in the west and to Dunbar to the east. This was originally the A1 until the town's bypass was built in the mid-1980s.

Sport
The Musselburgh Silver Arrow is reputed to be the oldest sporting trophy in United Kingdom, and is competed for annually by the Royal Company of Archers. It dates back to at least 1603.

Musselburgh is home to both Musselburgh Racecourse and Musselburgh Links golf course. The links, a former venue of golf's Open Championship, have recently been acknowledged as the oldest continuously played golf course in the world. Musselburgh Athletic F.C. are the town's football team, competing in the East of Scotland League at their Olivebank Park ground in the west of the town. Musselburgh also boast some of the best grassroots teams for young players, such as the Musselburgh Windsor and the Musselburgh Youngstars. Musselburgh RFC play in the Scottish Premiership at Stoneyhill.

The Musselburgh Roads Cycling Club was formed in January 1936 by a breakaway group of 16 from the Musselburgh Clarion. After forming an alliance with other clubs during the war, the MRCC reformed again in its own right in January 1945. The club has a long and successful history of competitive cycling. Notable riders include: Jock Allison, who in 1945 won the British Best All Rounder title and is to date still the only Scottish club rider to do so; Janet Sutherland, who dominated Scottish woman's cycling in 1951–4; and Sandy Gilchrist, who in 1977 won 5 individual and 4 team Scottish Championships. Many other riders from the club have won national championships or have been selected to compete at world championship level or the Commonwealth Games. Today, club members take part in track racing, road racing, time trials, cyclo cross and mountain biking. Their base is at the Tolbooth in the High Street.

There is also a locally run darts league, the Musselburgh and District Darts League, comprising an A and B league, each containing eight teams. Many players from this league represent the Lothian team at county level.

In Musselburgh there is also an amateur swimming club called Musselburgh Amateur Swimming Club. The club is home to the Musselburgh Marlins and trains at Musselburgh Sports Centre. The members of the club vary in ages from 6 all the way up to adults. The club is very inclusive in the community and was first established in 1886 and in its current format in 1994 where they trained at Loretto Swimming Pool which is now closed.

The East Lothian Seagulls of the Scottish Floorball League are based in Musselburgh and train and play matches at the sports centre at Queen Margaret University.

Notable people

 * Acting
 * James Martin, best known for his role as Eric in Still Game. Although originally from Glasgow, he has lived in East Lothian since 1974.
 * Medicine
 * David Macbeth Moir, physician and writer
 * Military
 * John Grieve, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Writers and artists
 * Alexander Carrick, sculptor
 * Margaret Oliphant, novelist and historical writer, who usually wrote as Mrs Oliphant
 * Sports
 * Gary Anderson, darts player
 * Alistair Brown, footballer
 * Billy Brown, football coach
 * John Clark, footballer
 * Jason Holt, footballer
 * Willie Jamieson, footballer
 * Jim Jefferies, football manager
 * John McGlynn, football manager
 * Michael McKenna, footballer
 * Paul McLean, footballer
 * Bill McPhillips, footballer
 * Kenny Miller, footballer
 * Alan Morgan, footballer
 * Ross Muir, professional snooker player
 * Scott Murray, rugby union player
 * Yvonne Murray, athlete
 * Colin Nish, footballer
 * Willie Ormond, footballer and manager
 * Kirsten Reilly, footballer
 * Kris Renton, footballer
 * George Walker, footballer
 * John White, footballer
 * Various
 * Callum Beattie, singer-songwriter
 * Rhona Cameron, comedian
 * Kirsten Imrie, professional model and former Page Three girl

Areas
Fisherrow, Inveresk, Levenhall Links, Pinkie, Stoneyhill, Clayknowes, Denholm, Stoneybank, Queen Margaret University Student Village, Monktonhall, Pinkie Braes

Twin towns
Musselburgh is twinned with: "Champigny was already twinned with Rosignano, so a three-way link was considered advantageous."
 * Champigny-sur-Marne (France)
 * Rosignano Marittimo (Italy)

title: Musselburgh


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Ome, Lombardy

Ome (Brescian: Óme) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

title: Ome, Lombardy


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Kellett Island

Kellett Island is a former island of Victoria Harbour, off East Point in Hong Kong. It is now connected to Hong Kong Island at Causeway Bay following land reclamation in 1969.

It is located in Wan Chai District.

Facilities
The main buildings of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club are located on the former Kellett Island. The former island and the reclaimed land form the western boundary of the Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter. The southern entrance to the Cross-Harbour Tunnel is located on the Island.

History
The island was ceded to Britain together with Hong Kong Island. A small fort was built on it in 1841 for the protection of the eastern section of Victoria Harbour, and a battery with three cannons was added in 1854. The island was renamed in the 1860s (some sources mention 1842) after the naval officer Sir Henry Kellett. Kellett Bay and Mount Kellett were also named after him. After Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain in 1860, the defense position of Kellett Island declined in importance, and it was used by British armed forces for ammunition and gunpowder storage.

The island remained for the use of the Navy until 1938, when the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, formerly located in North Point, moved to Kellett Island. The clubhouse was built in 1939 on the foundations of the old Naval Powder Magazine. The new premises were formally opened on 26 October 1940 by the then Acting Governor, Lieutenant General Sir E. F. Norton.

After the fall of Hong Kong in 1941, occupying Japanese forces kept military supplies there, including fuel, gunpowder, artillery and ammunition. After the War, the Yacht Club was reopened there on 17 September 1945.

A causeway completed in 1952 was built to give access to the island by means other than water. Following reclamation work in the 1960s and the completion of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel in 1972, Kellett Island was connected to Causeway Bay and its original outline disappeared, although the name remained.

In October 1991, a pottery jar containing large quantity of Chinese copper coins was discovered at the island by the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club. The coins were dated to Sui, Tang and Song dynasties (589–1279). The coins and the pottery jar were then handed over by the club to the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

title: Kellett Island


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Template:Memory Alpha

 * [ ] at Memory Alpha

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Border trade

Border trade, in general, refers to the flow of goods and services across the border between different jurisdictions. In this sense, border trade is a part of the normal trade that flows through the ordinary export/import legal and logistical frameworks of nations and smaller jurisdictions. However border trade specifically refers to the increase in trade in areas where crossing borders is relatively easy and where products are significantly less expensive on one side of the border than the other – often because of significant variations in taxation levels on goods. Common items involved in border trade include alcohol, tobacco, medication, recreational drugs, automobiles, automotive fuel, groceries, furniture and clothing.

As well as border trade across land or sea borders, air travel with a low-cost carrier can be worthwhile for an international trip for the same purpose, although baggage restrictions can limit the effective savings to those for small high-value goods.

Where border trade is done for tax evasion, it forms part of the underground economy of both jurisdictions.

Europe
Typical examples of this are the borders between Ukraine and Russia, between Norway and Denmark/Sweden/Finland/Russia/Estonia and between Denmark and Germany//Switzerland. For instance, the excise tax on alcohol is lower in Estonia than in Finland and much lower than in Sweden, thus it is common to buy large volumes of alcohol when returning from Estonia: there are shops in the Tallinn harbour that cater specifically to tourists. In Finland, the best-selling Alko shop in proportion to local population is on the border to Norway, since even if the alcohol tax is high in Finland, it is lower than the one in Norway (and was lowered in order to decrease border trade with Estonia).

Border trading exists between Lithuania and Poland, as buying food is cheaper in Poland than in Lithuania.

Border trading exists between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland; during the Global Financial Crisis, when the Euro rose against the British pound, so many from the Republic visited Newry—with lines of traffic four miles long—that the phenomenon became known as the "Newry effect". One in four households in the Republic in counties as far as Galway, four hours away from the border, shopped for groceries in Northern Ireland. Petrol is cheaper in the Republic, and groceries, furniture and clothing are cheaper in Northern Ireland.

Between the United Kingdom and France/Belgium, the booze cruise is a trip made specifically, or at least largely, to purchase cheaper alcohol and tobacco, and also goods offering different rates of VAT: laundry detergent, perhaps surprisingly, is a common purchase. Similarly, there is an important number of French purchasers buying tobacco and alcohol in Spanish border towns such as Le Perthus. In Spain, these products are a third cheaper than in France. During summer, around 70,000 visitors cross the Spanish border daily to buy such products, occasioning severe traffic jams. Nearby Andorra, with a low VAT (4%), is also extremely popular with French customers residing in the area.

There is a significant amount of border trade in marijuana between the Netherlands, where cannabis is essentially legal, and surrounding countries such as Belgium, Germany, and France.

A more legal example of the Netherlands is the Limburg province, where citizens occasionally take trips to Germany and Belgium to buy commodities like: medicinal products, handcrafted furniture, fresh produce, alcoholic beverages or home appliances for lower prices due to the VAT. This is very easy as there are no border controls due to the Schengen Agreement. It is fully legal to buy products for their own need over the border in the EU, if VAT is paid when purchasing, except from some low-VAT areas.

Residents of Switzerland and Liechtenstein who are non-EU residents can purchase many items in nearby Germany from anything from two to seven times the price they would pay for the same products in their own countries. Austria is also somewhat cheaper than Switzerland. Residents of Switzerland usually qualify for a tax refund on purchases made in all of the surrounding EU countries making cross border shopping even more attractive, particularly in Germany where there is no minimum-purchase requirement for claiming the tax back.

North America
Cross-border shopping between three countries in Canada, Mexico, and the United States has been robust. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has reduced barriers and tariffs, facilitating cross-border trade. Each day 2008, $2 billion of cross-border trade was conducted between Canada and the United States alone. Consumers take part in cross-border trading to broaden their product selection, gain access to a larger market place, or take advantage of currency volatility. Online commerce has taken on a more prominent role in recent years and gives consumers a convenient platform for cross-border shopping. However, additional border costs such as duties, brokerage and shipping are not always disclosed up front or even known to the retailer, leading to a situation where the final cost of an item can greatly exceed expectations. Dedicated cross-border shopping solutions such as Canada Post's Borderfree program existed to mitigate these problems with varied success. In the end, caution is necessary to determine the final cost of goods before purchase.

The consumer import of prescription drugs from Canada and Mexico into the United States can provide a large cost savings for the patient, and is sometimes even facilitated by insurance companies, and the quality of medicine in Canada is comparable to that in the United States

During the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020, the US–Canada and US–Mexico borders were closed to non-essential traffic, leaving merchants who normally catered to cross-border shoppers stranded with no access to their customers. Exclaves such as Point Roberts, Washington, were particularly hard hit. Specific business categories, such as parcel shops, tourism, fuel and dairy incurred severe losses in many border communities; both US–Canada and US–Mexico trade incurred multi-billion dollar impacts.

Between U.S. states and across city and county boundaries within states
Although not crossing a national boundary, residents of one state may often travel across a state line in order to shop for a variety of goods. In some cases, a larger city or metro area in one state may draw a population in from another state or people may travel outside of city limits to surrounding areas with lower taxes. In other cases, residents may cross boundaries to take advantage of more friendly legislation regarding restricted products, such as alcohol, tobacco, fireworks, firearms, gambling, etc. For example, a New York City resident may engage in illicit cigarette trade by purchasing products in a nearby state with lower taxes and re-selling them illegally in New York. Furthermore, states which have legalized recreational marijuana may experience a high-amount of out-of-state customers.

South America
Historically, trade between the Colombian-Venezuelan border consisted primarily of Colombian residents traveling to Venezuelan border towns to purchase fuel derived from Venezuelan oil and other items that were cheaper to obtain there. However, due to the crisis in Venezuela that began in 2013 and worsened in 2017, thousands of Venezuelan residents began to travel to Colombian border towns to mostly purchase basic necessity goods. This has also brought with it the appearance of a black market and smuggling throughout the entire Colombian-Venezuelan border space, in addition to some restrictions that have been imposed, such as the closure of the Venezuelan border with Colombia by Nicolás Maduro in August 2015.

In the Chilean border towns, it is common for Chilean residents to go to make purchases in the stores of their neighboring countries, as well as to purchase medical exams and other health services at a lower cost. Notable cases are the commercial relationship between Arica and Tacna, on the Chilean-Peruvian border. Likewise, despite the ruggedness of the relief when having to cross the Andes mountain range along the Argentinean-Chilean border, there is a high flow of trans-Andean buyers, being a notable case that of Chileans near the city of Mendoza. More to south, a similar situation occurs between the cities of Punta Arenas and Río Gallegos.

Asia
Many Singaporeans also travel to Johor Bahru in Malaysia or Batam in Indonesia, to take advantage of price differences and differing product availability. The Singaporean government has a law that requires a car leaving Singapore to have the fuel tank filled by at least 75 percent, to prevent it from being filled with fuel from outside Singapore.

Shenzhen, on the border of mainland China with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, also benefits from border trade.

title: Border trade


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Ninepin Group

The Ninepin Group or Kwo Chau Islands  is a group of 29 islands in the easternmost waters of Hong Kong. The Ninepin Group falls under the jurisdiction of Sai Kung District of Hong Kong.

Islands
The islands of the group include:

 * East Ninepin Island (Tung Kwo Chau; 東果洲)
 * Lung Shuen Pai (龍船排) or Fo Siu Pai (火燒排)
 * Tuen Chau Chai (短洲仔)
 * Tuen Chau Mei (短洲尾)
 * Shue Long Chau (蕃莨洲) or Kong Tau Pai (光頭排)
 * North Ninepin Island (Pak Kwo Chau; 北果洲)
 * Hok Tsai Pai (殼仔排)
 * Ngan Peng Keng
 * Ngan Peng Tau
 * North Ninepin Island (北果洲)
 * Sai Chau Mei (細洲尾)
 * Tuen Keng
 * South Ninepin Island (Nam Kwo Chau; 南果洲)
 * Tai Chau (大洲) - where the Kwo Chau Wan (果洲灣) beach is located
 * Tai Chau Mei (大洲尾)
 * Ta Long Pai (打浪排)
 * Lai Chi Pai (荔枝排)

Geography
The Ninepin Group features hexagonal vertical rhyolite columns, the volcanic rock resulting from a volcanic eruption near Sai Kung about 140 million years ago. Ninepin Group is extremely eroded due to the heavy tides that wash against the islands every day. It features several sea caves as a result of erosion. For a long time, the Ninepin Group was devoid of human presence. However, there is a temple dedicated to Tin Hau, located on South Ninepin Island for any fishermen who landed on the island.

Conservation
The Ninepin Group Special Area covers 53.1 hectares and was designated in 2011. It consists of the islands that make up the Ninepin Group. The geology of the area is characterised by volcanic rocks of the Cretaceous period.

Transportation
Because no one lives on Ninepin Group, there is no public transportation to the islands. One must rent a boat in order to reach the Ninepin Group.

title: Ninepin Group


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Longwood, Bronx

Longwood is a mixed-use neighborhood in the southeast Bronx in New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are East 167th Street to the north, the Bronx River and the Bruckner Expressway to east, East 149th Street to the south, and Saint Anns Avenue to the west. Southern Boulevard is the primary thoroughfare through Longwood.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 2, and its ZIP Codes include 10455 and 10459. The neighborhood is served by the New York City Police Department's 41st Precinct. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. The local subway, the, operates along Southern Boulevard.

History

The Bronx initially began to urbanize with the construction of a streetcar network. Eventually, the expansion of the elevated and subterranean rapid transit lines from Manhattan rapidly accelerated development. Solid rows of 5 and 6 story, walk-up and larger elevator, apartment buildings were built to the sidewalk and dominated the landscape of Upper Manhattan, the West Bronx and in walking proximity of the elevated lines in the East Bronx. Commercial corridors quickly developed in close proximity to rapid transit stations and primary thoroughfares. Early in this construction boom, Longwood was one of the most dense and developed Bronx neighborhoods. For much of the first half of the 20th century, the Bronx was overall home to a predominantly middle-class population of European and Jewish descent hailing from diverse nationalities, including immigrants directly from the corresponding countries of varying socioeconomic statuses.

Beginning in the 1950s, the older, more developed parts of the Bronx experienced a socioeconomic shift due to a number of factors. The construction of the Cross Bronx Expressway displaced thousands and physically divided communities, Co-op City in the northeast Bronx offered modern amenities and spacious apartments, and suburban communities outside New York City became more appealing with their auto-centric lifestyle. As people with financial means began to leave, impoverished people often replaced them. White flight and abandonment only accelerated over time. By the late 1970s, many buildings in the greater South Bronx had been burnt out in an epidemic wave of arson. Scammers realized they could manipulate the system and collect insurance money after more lucrative tenants had fled. The area was severely run down as the community became increasingly disfranchised. At this time, crime reached such a level that the 41st Precinct building at 1086 Simpson Street became known by the police as "Fort Apache".

The wave of arson eventually ended with the help of community groups such as Banana Kelly CIA, Inc. and SEBCO (South East Bronx Community Organization), who worked to bring recognition and protect the remaining apartment buildings in the greater South Bronx. What was left was a wasteland of abandoned buildings, vacant lots, filthy streets and a severe lack of even basic commercial amenities. During this period of time, the neighborhood was dealt another blow as violent crime hit historic highs during the crack epidemic. The police seemed to be fighting a losing battle as many young men in New York City were killed on the streets over drug turf. The greater South Bronx was one of the hardest hit areas, with a largely poor population which lacked local jobs, many began to turn to the lucrative drug trade.

Some of the first federal funding in decades for new investment began in 1986 under the Ed Koch administration. In blighted neighborhoods across the city, various housing experiments were attempted. The NYCHA was one of the first agencies to create and renovate residential units in Longwood, the city soon followed up with independent, locally driven developments. This construction resulted in escalating reinvestment in these communities Continuing into the mid-1990s, local and federal governments invested over $550 million in new subsidized residential housing and the expansion of businesses and commerce. This period saw the construction of the South Bronx headquarters of the Police Athletic League of New York City and the relocation of the 41st Precinct of the NYPD from Simpson Street to Longwood Avenue. In addition, investments were made to the Banana Kelly High School, and to several small and large businesses. This investment has only increased exponentially since that time. A vast number of new housing and commercial units have been constructed on formally vacant lots, with more planned. A community once dominated by blight and disinvestment, is now towered over by modern apartment buildings, renovated pre-war structures, and rows of attached row houses. Social problems persist due to a significant percentage of the population living in poverty. Crime, for instance, has declined versus historic highs in the 1990s, but remains significantly above average for New York City. Nonetheless, the neighborhood remains a symbol of social and economic improvement.

Demographics
The neighborhood predominantly consists of Latin Americans (Longwood has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in New York City) but includes a small yet diverse mix of races, ethnic groups, religious affiliations, sexual orientations, and national origins. Like most neighborhoods in New York City, the vast majority of households are renter occupied. Almost half of the population lives below the federal poverty line and receives public assistance (AFDC, Home Relief, Supplemental Security Income, and Medicaid). This community was once part of New York's 16th congressional district, the poorest such district in the United States. After redistricting, it is now part of New York's 15th congressional district and no longer the poorest district in the United States. There is significant income diversity on a block by block basis.

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Longwood was 26,196, an increase of 3,114 (13.5%) from the 23,082 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 246.55 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 106.3 PD/acre.

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.5% (382) White, 22.4% (5,866) African American, 0.1% (32) Native American, 0.5% (135) Asian, 0.0% (9) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (78) from other races, and 0.6% (163) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 74.6% (19,531) of the population.

The entirety of Community District 2, which comprises Longwood and Hunts Point, had 56,144 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 78.9 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 28% are between the ages of between 0–17, 29% between 25–44, and 21% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 10% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2, including Melrose and Mott Haven, was $20,966. In 2018, an estimated 29% of Longwood and Hunts Point residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (12%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 58% in Longwood and Hunts Point, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Longwood and Hunts Point are gentrifying.

Land use and terrain
Longwood is dominated by pre-war, 5- and 6-story apartment buildings. Starting in the 1990s, a construction boom has resulted in a number of modern apartment buildings and row houses. Much of the original housing stock was structurally damaged by arson and eventually razed by the city between mid and late 1980s.

The total land area is roughly 0.5 mi2. The terrain is somewhat hilly.

Southern Boulevard Business Improvement District
Southern Boulevard is a long-standing, mixed-use district. The Southern Boulevard Business Improvement District, formed in 2008, sits between the two points of closest proximity for the IRT Pelham and White Plains Road Lines. Other primary thoroughfares contain amenities like supermarkets, pharmacies, barbershops, hair salons, fast food, bodegas, and cheap shops.

The Crossings
The Crossings is a two-level 40000 sqft mall at the intersection of Hunts Point Avenue and Bruckner Boulevard. Initially, the project included a residential component, but was quickly scrapped, much to the dismay of the community.

Longwood Historic District
The landmarked Longwood Historic District is located south of Longwood Avenue along Beck, Kelly, Dawson Streets and Hewitt Place. The district largely consists of semi-detached row houses, most of which were designed by one architect, Warren C. Dickerson.

Low-income public housing projects
There are four NYCHA developments located in Longwood.
 * 1) West Farms Square Rehab; four rehabilitated tenement buildings, 6 stories tall
 * 2) East 165th Street-Bryant Avenue; five buildings, 3 stories tall
 * 3) Longfellow Avenue Rehab; two 5-story rehabilitated tenement buildings
 * 4) Stebbins Avenue-Hewitt Place; two 3-story buildings

Media
In 2006, an online news outlet The Hunts Point Express began reporting on Hunts Point and Longwood. It is written by students at Hunter College, edited by journalism professor Bernard L. Stein, and also appears in a print edition that is available for free at community centers, clinics, and stores throughout the neighborhood.

Police and crime
Longwood and Hunts Point are patrolled by the 41st Precinct of the NYPD, located at 1035 Longwood Avenue. The 41st Precinct ranked 67th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. , with a non-fatal assault rate of 151 per 100,000 people, Longwood and Hunts Point's rate of violent crimes per capita is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 1,036 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.

The 41st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 65% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 5 murders, 31 rapes, 303 robberies, 426 felony assaults, 159 burglaries, 399 grand larcenies, and 231 grand larcenies auto in 2022.

The 41st Precinct was located at 1086 Simpson Street until 1993. During the 1960s, crime reached such a level that the Simpson Street building became known by the police as "Fort Apache", as was later immortalized in a 1981 movie named for it. The Simpson Street building currently houses the Bronx Detectives Bureau.

Fire safety
Longwood contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 73/Ladder Co. 42, at 655 Prospect Avenue.

Health
, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Longwood and Hunts Point than in other places citywide. In Longwood and Hunts Point, there were 101 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 36.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Longwood and Hunts Point has a relatively high population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 14%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Longwood and Hunts Point is 0.0085 mg/m3, more than the city average. Fifteen percent of Longwood and Hunts Point residents are smokers, which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Longwood and Hunts Point, 42% of residents are obese, 20% are diabetic, and 38% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 26% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 72% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Longwood and Hunts Point, there are 20 bodegas.

The nearest hospital is NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln in Melrose.

Post office and ZIP Codes
Longwood is covered by multiple ZIP Codes. The area north of Longwood Avenue is part of 10459 and the area south of Longwood Avenue is part of 10455. Though there are no post offices located in Longwood's borders, the United States Postal Service operates the Hunts Point Station at 800 Manida Street in Hunts Point.

Education
Longwood and Hunts Point generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city. While 16% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 41% have less than a high school education and 43% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Longwood and Hunts Point students excelling in math rose from 24% in 2000 to 26% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 28% to 32% during the same time period.

Longwood and Hunts Point's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. In Longwood and Hunts Point, 35% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, higher than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 58% of high school students in Longwood and Hunts Point graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools
Public:
 * PS 62: Inocencio Casanova (Leggett Avenue and Fox Street)
 * PS 75: School of Research and Discovery (Faile Street and Bruckner Boulevard)
 * PS 130: Abram Stevens Hewitt (East 156th Street and Prospect Avenue)
 * PS 150: Charles James Fox (East 167th Street and Fox Street)
 * PS 333: The Museum School (East 163rd Street and Rev. James A. Polite Avenue)
 * PS 335: The Academy of the Arts (East 163rd Street and Rev. James A. Polite Avenue)
 * MS 302: Luisa Dessus Cruz (Kelly Street and Avenue St. John)
 * Bronx Regional High School (East 165th Street and Rev. James A. Polite Avenue)
 * South Bronx Classical Charter School (Westchester Avenue and Fox Street)
 * Bronx Lighthouse Charter School/Bronx Lighthouse College Preparatory Academy
 * Bronx Studio School for Writers and Artists
 * Banana Kelly High School
 * Girls Prep Bronx Elementary (Kelly St.)
 * Longwood Preparatory Academy (Formerly Banana Kelly High School)
 * Success Academy Bronx Middle School (BXMS)

Parochial:
 * St. Athanasius School

Libraries
The New York Public Library operates two branches near Longwood. The Woodstock branch, a two-story Carnegie library building opened in 1914, is located at 761 East 160th Street. The Hunts Point branch, a two-story Carnegie library building opened in 1929, is located at 877 Southern Boulevard. The Hunts Point library, designed by Carrère and Hastings in the Italian Renaissance style, was the last Carnegie library built for the New York Public Library system and is a New York City designated landmark.

Transportation
The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Longwood:
 * to Westchester Square or Third Avenue–149th Street  (via Westchester Avenue)
 * to Westchester Square or Simpson Street  (via Westchester Avenue and Metropolitan Oval)
 * to Co-op City and Bay Plaza Shopping Center (via Bruckner Blvd, and Story Avenue)
 * and Bx6 SBS: to Hunts Point or Riverside Drive, Manhattan (via 161st and 163rd Streets)
 * to Fordham Plaza or Port Morris (via Prospect and Crotona Avenues)
 * to New York Botanical Garden or Riverbank State Park (via 149th Street and Southern Boulevard)
 * to Clason Point (via Rosedale Avenue)
 * to Crotona Park East or George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal (via 167th Street)
 * to Prospect Avenue or Hunts Point (via Longwood Avenue and Tiffany Street)

The following New York City Subway stations serve Longwood:
 * Whitlock Avenue
 * Simpson Street
 * Intervale Avenue
 * Hunts Point Avenue
 * Prospect Avenue
 * Longwood Avenue
 * East 149th Street
 * Jackson Avenue

Notable natives

 * Colin Powell lived on both Kelly Street and Fox Street, and attended Morris High School.

title: Longwood, Bronx


text:
Talk:John Duncan Sr.

Untitled
I suggest that the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is in error in the case of John Duncan, Sr. While it says that he went to law school at the Cumberland College in Williamsburg, Ky., I find this to be unlikely for two reasons. Firstly, I do not think that this institution had a law school in 1947. However, the Cumberland College in Lebanon, Tenn. (now Cumberland University) did at that time, and John Duncan, Jr.'s bio in the same work says that he was born in Lebanon, Tenn., in 1947. While this is hardly conclusive proof (so far I have resisted the temptation to edit this article further on that basis) I would love it if someone with genuine knowledge in this area would do so.

 * I have decided to go on and buck the "Bioguide" on this one. There is almost no way that John Duncan, Sr. was going to college at the Cumberland College in Williamsburg, Kentucky and that his son just happened to be born, at the same time, in Lebanon, Tennessee, home of the "other" Cumberland College.  I am changing the article on the assumption that the compiler of the "bioguide" biography on John, Sr., just assumed which Cumberland College was meant and assumed wrong; I feel that the article on John, Jr. is less likely to have gotten his place of birth wrong.

Rlquall 21:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Army service
It is unclear from the references, particularly the ones from the 1950s and 1960s, if Duncan was a special agent as a soldier in the United States Army or as a civilian working for the Department of the Army. A good reference that delineates that would be helpful to clear that up, either one that specifically says his rank in the army, or says he was a civil servant. The July 26, 1953 article "New State Legion Commander, Active in Civic Work, Disavows Political Interest" from The Knoxville News-Sentinel says, "The Army's special agents didn't have ranks like regular soldiers. Mr. Duncan was in the same pay grade as a master sergeant, however." This could mean he was a General Schedule civilian member of the Department of the Army. Semper Fi! FieldMarine (talk) 15:22, 9 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Duncan Sr.


text:
List of radio stations in Mississippi

The following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Mississippi, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats.

Defunct

 * WAKK
 * WCBI
 * WCMR-FM
 * WCSA
 * WEPA
 * WETX
 * WGRM
 * WGRM-FM
 * WHLV
 * WHSY (1230 AM)
 * WIGG
 * WILU-LP
 * WJNS
 * WKOR
 * WKOZ
 * WKXG
 * WLGD
 * WMLC
 * WMOX
 * WNBN
 * WOKJ
 * WQBC
 * WQMA
 * WQST
 * WSAO
 * WSWG
 * WXAB
 * WZRX

title: List of radio stations in Mississippi


text: User talk:81.86.190.210

title: User talk:81.86.190.210


text:
Kowloon Rock

Kowloon Rock is an island in the middle of Kowloon Bay in Hong Kong, near the runway of the former Kai Tak Airport. Administratively, it is part of Kowloon City District.

The island is three metres by two. The rock has no vegetation, as it is a rock. An isolated danger daymark is installed to alert passing vessels.

The island is now sheltered in the To Kwa Wan typhoon shelter by a dyke across the bay.

title: Kowloon Rock


text:
Ono San Pietro

Ono San Pietro (Camunian: Dò) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is located in the Camonica valley, above the right bank of the river Oglio, and at the foot of Mt. Concarena. Neighbouring communes are Capo di Ponte, Cerveno, Ceto and Paisco Loveno.

title: Ono San Pietro


text:
Typhoon shelter

A typhoon shelter is a shelter for fishing boats during typhoons. These facilities are often found in Hong Kong.

Structure
In its usual form, a typhoon shelter is in the form of a bay or a cove, with a narrow opening for access, as most of the opening to the seas is blocked by a man-made breakwater.

Usage
A typhoon shelter, as its name suggests, is used by small to medium ships as a shelter against gale-force winds and rough seas during a typhoon strike. It is also used to moor yachts (the shelter in Causeway Bay in Hong Kong is often used for that purpose) and some typhoon shelters have wharves for cargo.

Life in typhoon shelters
Before the 1990s, there was a fairly large population living on boats in typhoon shelters. Many of them were the descendants of fishermen or boat people. They developed a distinct culture that is different from the mainstream cultures found in Hong Kong. The culture is, by many definitions, a fully developed one, with its own language, wedding rituals and other things such as food, songs and superstitions.

The life and culture of the descendants of these fishermen has often been glamourised, and effectively hid the truth of the extreme poverty that existed among these people. Since they often had to go out to sea to fish, the children of a fisherman's family often did not go to school. This created the need for "floating schools", operated by religious organisations, to educate children living in typhoon shelters. Also, as the catch was variable income was not steady.

Finally, as it is impossible to establish proper plumbing and garbage collection services among these boats, sanitary conditions in typhoon shelters during the time there were many people living there were less than desirable.

Typhoon shelter crab
Typhoon shelter crab, a dish served in many Hong Kong Chinese restaurants, is believed to have originated from the typhoon shelters. It is commonly prepared with crab meat, garlic, scallion, red chili and black beans.

Typhoon shelter prawn
Besides typhoon shelter crab, which is very well known throughout the world, the typhoon shelter style is also often cooked with prawn, especially giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) or mantis prawn (Mantis shrimp). The method of cooking is similar to cooking typhoon shelter crab, where prawns are deep fried in aromatic oil, stir-fried with garlic, ginger, shallots, dried chili and black bean.

Present
Hong Kong's status as a fishing city continues to decline; the descendants of the fishermen have moved onshore, and the so-called "Typhoon Shelter" culture is rapidly being lost. The function of typhoon shelters remains unchanged, however, and their existence is still vital to Hong Kong.

Some restaurants serving typhoon shelter-style cuisine have moved to shops onshore.

title: Typhoon shelter


text:
Dominic Armato

Dominic Armato (born November 18, 1976) is an American voice actor, journalist and food critic. He is best known for his work on LucasArts games. His most famous role is the voice of the pirate Guybrush Threepwood in the Monkey Island series.

Career
Armato was a fan of the 1990s adventure games by LucasArts, such as the first two Monkey Island games. He joked with a friend that his ideal role would be to voice the Monkey Island protagonist, the pirate Guybrush Threepwood. Two months later, he was cast as Guybrush for The Curse of Monkey Island (1997). He has reprised the role for each of the sequels, plus the special editions of the first two games, and has also voiced characters in six Star Wars games and two Metal Gear games.

After ending his active voice-acting career in the early 2000s (with brief appearances in games), Armato has worked in the dining industry. Until 2015, Armato wrote a food-oriented blog, Skillet Doux. He was employed by The Arizona Republic as a food critic and journalist from 2015–2020.

title: Dominic Armato


text:
Orzinuovi

Orzinuovi (Brescian: I Urs Nöf) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy.

History
It was founded in 1193 by statute of the comune of Brescia, as a boundary fortress with the name of "Orci Novi". Its history thenceforth closely follows that of Brescia, sharing the Venetian dominion from 1466 until Venice's demise in 1797. It became part of Napoleon's Italian states until 1815, when it became part of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, as part of the Austrian Empire. This continued until the Second Italian Independence War. From 1860 it has been part of the Italy/Kingdom of Italy.

In the 2010s, Orzinuovi was involved in an illicit traffic of solid toxic waste treatment which concerns the bordering municipalities.

Frazioni

 * Coniolo (Eastern Lombard: Cuniöl)
 * Barco
 * Pudiano
 * Ovanengo
 * Rossa

title: Orzinuovi


text:
Template talk:Memoryalpha article

Notes on using the and  templates
Template:memoryalpha article is for placing a link in the "External links" section of articles here that have a corresponding article at the Memory Alpha wiki, when the article there has a different title than the article here (at wikipedia). If the articles on both sites have the same title, and it seems very unlikely that either will be moved to a new title, it is ok to use Template:memoryalpha instead (which makes use of the  and  variables, and thus will result in 404ed links if the page is ever moved). Typical syntax for Template:Memoryalpha article is:

Which (currently) produces:
 * ==External link==
 * Display Name article at Memory Alpha, a Star Trek wiki

You can look at Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Memoryalpha and Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Memoryalpha_article for more examples of each.

I am breaking wiki etiquette and posting this text above other people's discussion, because I think this usage information should be at the top of the page. See the discussion below for reasons why these templates should be used. ~leif ☺ (talk) 22:23, May 22, 2005 (UTC)

Previous discussion
Inspired by Template:wikiquote, Template:imdb title, etc, I figured we need a consistent way to link to Memory Alpha articles. I intend to use this template in "External links", like this:

==External link==

*

But I'll probably just put it on a few articles for now, until there is some feedback. Another option would be to make it like the Wikiquote/Wiktionary templates, and have it render it's own box... I think that might not be appropriate for a non-Wikimedia source though. ~leif ☺ (talk) 20:35, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

See also Template:Memoryalpha article for linking to other articles. ~leif ☺ (talk) 00:11, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I really don't like this. I don't think it follows the KISS principle, and it devotes far too much energy to a non-Wikimedia project.  I like MemoryAlpha, but this template is more complex than just making a normal external link.  Please don't expand this for now, because it will cause a lot of re-work if we have to un-do the template additions.  This really isn't how we should be using templates at all.  A template makes it easy to make a consistent change to text on a large number of articles - the key words being "change" and "consistent".  How often do you expect this text to change, and why is is so important that the links be perfectly consistent?  -- Netoholic @ 10:54, 2004 Oct 31 (UTC)
 * Sorry for not replying sooner! I think that using these templates is preferable to using simple hyperlinks because this creates an easy-to-detect explicit connection between two databases that could potentially be used in a JOIN operation at some point in the future. Also (and this is actually less important to me but will probably make more sense to most people) if Memory Alpha's domain name or URL scheme were to change (again), it will be easy to update these templates. As for helping a non-wikimedia project; I think these links primarily benefit wikipedia readers and re-users by giving them more/better information. There are a lot of subjects that Memory Alpha covers in much more detail than the stubs at wikipedia do (though in some cases the opposite is true). I really don't care if this doesn't follow the "KISS principle", as I'm pretty sure that most people editing Star Trek articles in the wiki can figure out how to put two values in a template.
 * Are there still any objections to this? ~leif ☺ (talk) 22:23, May 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I personally think it's good and in fact was trying to copy something like this for Template:Hrwiki, but because there is presently a rather simplified-and-unanimous "delete it" vote regarding my template on Templates_for_deletion I thought I'd mark it for a deletion vote to spur the Trekkies (er, Trekkers?) into helping articulate a formal policy, since you're probably ready to argue for it and I could use your support in an intelligent debate. At minimum, I'd like a result of the discussion to be a policy page describing how this balance of information is to be managed for the Interwiki overall.  Sorry to disrupt your work, in any case, and I hope it comes out to a favorable result...  User:metaeducation
 * The problem that I just noticed with One (Star Trek) is that the template breaks if the article names differ between the memoryalpha wiki and WP. Rl 08:06, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that I have now replaced the manual hyperlink on One (Star Trek) with a Template:Memoryalpha article link. ~leif ☺ (talk) 22:23, May 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think this is a great template; as a prolific contributer to MA, as well as frequently working on WP, I think this is an excellent link between the two. May I propose some small formatting changes for it (since I'm barging in here anyways)?

 *

Memory Alpha has more about this subject:
 * — THOR 17:04, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not an expert in HTML, so your Help is appreciated ;-) I use it for now, hopefully no browsers cause problems. --Memory 21:33, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

New Version
Wups, sorry, i created a new one: Template:Memory Alpha without knowledge of this one. But I think there is no problem, it has the same function as this one, but more like the nice Template:Wikibooks e.g. :-) --Memory 01:14, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I see that your new template has been deleted, and you've updated Template:Memoryalpha to use the wikimedia box style. It looks good on some articles, but kind of funny in places where it's the sole external link. If this change is going to stay, Template:Memoryalpha article should be updated to match it. ~leif ☺ (talk) 22:23, May 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Updating Memoryalpha article is what I want, but I would run some tests with it before. I had no time for this up to now. --Memory 21:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Wikibooks is a sister project to Wikipedia. Thus it gets a flashy box. Memory Alpha is not. Thus it gets the same treatment as Wikitravel gets at template:Wikitravel. --mav 14:25, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Why is Memory Alpha not a sister projekt? Only because someone doesn't announced it as one? That's no argument. It is one, that's obvious. Sarek

 * Sister projects are official. You can't just claim to be one. For one, Memory Alpha is run by other people, who have no responsibility to Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wiki. .. itself. -- Ec5618 17:20, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * There are a lot of Wiki... which are not run by the ...pedia people, but as long as they use the Wiki software and principles, they are Wikis like all others. Sarek

 * On the main page, there is a short list of Wiki Sister Projects. An outside Wiki shouldn't assume it can add itself to Wikipedia as a sister project. And there is no way of knowing whether the people running an outside wiki are adhering to the wiki principles. as such, they should seek official recognition as aSuster project before creating templates like this.
 * As a side note, Sarek, you are signing your posts with Sarek, which does not lead to your user page. Please consider creating an account, and please sign using the customary four tildes. -- Ec5618 16:50, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

Ok, you can stop the discussion, I'm going to develop a different template for my indication. --Memory 13:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Please do not create two versions of a template to fulfill the same purpose. What you should do is create a stunningly beautiful template in your userspace, then show it to the people here to convince them. Radiant_* 07:20, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

TFD
This template was nominated for deletion, but consensus was to keep. See Templates_for_deletion/Log/Not_deleted/June_2005. Radiant_* 07:20, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

External link
This should show the external link icon, but simply changing to an external link fails it because of spaces in the URL. --SPUI (talk - don't use sorted stub templates! ) 02:25, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It should to work now - Use instead of  for the page title with underscores instead of spaces. -- grm_wnr  Esc  02:34, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Aha - thanks. --SPUI (talk - don't use sorted stub templates! ) 02:48, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Right, our little conflict seems to go nicely under this heading, SPUI. So, I want to use the interwiki format to link to Memory Alpha (I'm no trekkie, btw). This is in line with external link templates such as Template:Wikitravel, Template:Wikicities, Template:Gameinfo, Template:Meatball, Template:MusicBrainz wiki and others. (you get the picture, I hope)

You seem to think that this solution, which doesn't produce the external link icon, is somehow misleading to users. I ask why that is. This external link template, as all others, needs to be placed in the "External links" section of an article. That seems an obvious indicator enough for users to know they are leaving this wiki. If they weren't, the link would have to be placed under "See also".

I hope we can reach a resolve here. If you still disagree, you should take this to some higher-level policy page and argue that _every_ external link, relative to en.wp, should have the icon. --Azertus 15:19, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Being a little (but not very emotionally) involved here, I'll just say that I see little reason to treat an external link different just because it's a wiki. The interwiki map is a great tool for usual wikis running in thread mode (like our talk pages do), but it's unencyclopedic and against the spirit of NPOV to treat these links differently in articles, and we're talking about a template anyway so the ease of editing doesn't matter. However, I think this should be so for every external link, and squabbling over this template is useless - the discussion should be held on the guideline level, at Wikipedia talk:External links. -- grm_wnr Esc  16:46, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Except that this is the way it's always been (with the MemoryAlpha: style) and that format is used on a number of pages that do not link to this template. Perhaps we should just leave things as they are? Rondack 07:03, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

"the" star trek wiki?
Ok, this is minor, but the tag says Memory Alpha is "the" star trek wiki. "the"? I doubt Memory Alpha is the only star trek wiki, and even if it is, saying "the" makes it seem like it's the best, which violates Wikipedia's NPOV Policy. I have changed the template to read "a" star trek wiki. If you have any arguments, tell me. --Ashfire908 18:33, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Why are we edit warring
Would someone like to explain the objections to this for me? So far I've heard "It's undiscussed," which is silly because one should be bold in updating pages and thus prior discussion is not grounds for reversion, and "it doesn't need to be a box," which is equally strange, as templates masked as plaintext are actively frowned upon. Does anyone actually have a good reason for edit warring this one? Phil Sandifer 20:04, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikia is a 'for profit' 'child of Jimbo', and the "official" sister projects are 'not for profit'. AFAIK, there has long been, and I think should continue to be, a bright line between the two. Sohelpme 00:47, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Memoryalpha article


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Joseph Blowick

Joseph Blowick (13 March 1903 – 12 August 1970) was an Irish Clann na Talmhan politician who served as Minister for Lands from 1948 to 1951 and 1954 to 1957 and Leader of Clann na Talmhan from 1944 to 1965. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo South constituency from 1943 to 1965.

Family
Blowick was born in Belcarra, County Mayo, on 13 March 1903, the son of John Blowick (a farmer) and Honoria "Norah" (née Madden) Blowick. He had two sisters, and four brothers, three of whom became priests: Stephen Blowick, John Blowick and Peter Blowick.

He attended the local national school and later worked on his father's large farm, going on to inherit it, as his other brothers were all in Holy orders.

In January 1956, aged 53, Blowick married nineteen-year-old Teresa O'Malley of Castleburke, County Mayo. They had four sons and three daughters.

Political career
Blowock's first political office was as a member of Mayo County Council.

He was first elected to Dáil Éireann in 1943 as a Clann na Talmhan TD for Mayo South, one of ten seats the party took across the state and one of the two seats in County Mayo. He succeeded Michael Donnellan as leader of the party in 1944.

The party's representation dropped to seven seats after the 1948 general election but it was strong enough to be part of a coalition arrangement and Blowick was appointed to the Cabinet in the two Inter-Party governments (1948–1951, 1954–1957), serving under John A. Costello as Minister for Lands on both occasions.

Blowick was re-elected to the Dáil at every election until 1965 when he retired from politics.

He died on 12 August 1970 in a Dublin hospital, leaving an estate valued at £9,771.

title: Joseph Blowick


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Fyodor Kuritsyn

Feodor or Fyodor Vasilyevich Kuritsyn (Фёдор Васильевич Курицын; died after 1500) was a Russian statesman, philosopher and poet.

Biography
As a government official and diplomat, Kuritsyn exerted great influence on the Russian foreign policy during the reign of Ivan III of Russia. In 1482, he was sent to the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus to conclude an anti-Polish alliance. In 1494, Kuritsyn was sent to Lithuania for the same purpose. He took part in many negotiations with foreign statesmen in Moscow.

In 1485, Kuritsyn created a club, which later would be considered heretical. He was against monasteries and monasticism, expressed ideas about freedom of human will ("autocracy of the soul"), which he would interpret in a much broader sense than it was allowed by the Orthodox theology.

Kuritsyn's name was last mentioned in 1500, when Ivan III gradually changed his attitude towards heretics thanks to hegumen Joseph Volotsky, who had been Kuritsyn's staunch opponent. The tsar's leniency gave way to persecution, which would put an end to activities of Kuritsyn's club. Ivan III, however, spared Kuritsyn due to Volotsky's obvious exaggerations in his accusations.

Works
Kuritsyn authored numerous literary works, of which two survive to this day—a philosophical poem titled The Laodicean Missive, as well as the poetic novel The Legend of the Voijevoda Dracula.

title: Fyodor Kuritsyn


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Category:Dice

Articles about or directly relating to dice.

title: Category:Dice


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East Point, Hong Kong

East Point was a spit on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It extended from East Point Hill, i.e. Lee Garden towards Kellett Island and marked the eastern limits of the early City of Victoria. The piece of land separated Causeway Bay in the east and Wong Nai Chung in the west. Streams and muds from Tai Hang and Wong Nai Chung (now buried beneath Canal Road as a subterranean river) shaped the spit.

Geography
Two sides of the spit were reclaimed over a hundred years. The first stage was in the mid-19th century. The east of the cape was reclaimed to the edge of Victoria Park and the west to Hennessy Road. The second stage was between World War I and World War II. Its west was reclaimed to Gloucester Road. The shape of the cape was mostly lost. For the construction of Cross-Harbour Tunnel, further reclamation extended the land to Kellett Island and the cape was completely buried.

Physically, the Causeway Bay station of the MTR and World Trade Centre are built on the body of East Point. Windsor House and Paterson Street fall on its first stage reclamation. The above two areas were referred to as 'East Point', while to its west was Bowrington.

Large scale reclamations make the geographic feature and division less obvious. Causeway Bay originally referred to the circular tung lo-shaped bay. It also referred to the east shore of the bay, i.e. the present-day area in Tin Hau station. It gradually replaced East Point as the name of that area.

History
Having briefly named "Matheson's Point", much of the land of East Point was historically in the hands of Jardine Matheson, which had their original Hong Kong godowns and offices there, near Gloucester Road and Cannon Street. Swire once had a sugar refinery in Sugar Street.

Present features
East Point is one of Hong Kong's major shopping districts. It includes the 13-storey Japanese-style department store Sogo, as well as shopping centres such as Times Square and Hysan Place. There are also smaller malls such as World Trade Centre, Windsor House, Hang Lung Centre, Fashion Island, Fashion Walk, Lee Garden One and Lee Garden Two. Causeway Bay is one of the most crowded and central areas in Hong Kong. The area contains many trendy shops carrying both locally made and imported fashion and products from around the world. As such, it is a popular social spot for young people. Many shops are open until after midnight.

Notable hotels in East Point include The Excelsior (demolished) and Regal Hong Kong Hotel. Several boutique hotels have opened recently including Mira Moon Hotel on Jaffe Road.

For years, Jardine Matheson has fired a shot off the Noonday Gun at noon every day at East Point, by Victoria Harbour, slightly eastward of the former Kellett Island. The gunshots have served as time signals for many generations of old inhabitants of Hong Kong. This tradition still continues today. This is the "Noonday Gun" mentioned in the Noël Coward song "Mad Dogs and Englishmen".

Legacy
The name East Point is still found in East Point Road and East Point Centre.

title: East Point, Hong Kong


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Judas goat

A Judas goat is a trained goat used in general animal herding. The Judas goat is trained to associate with sheep or cattle, leading them to a specific destination. In stockyards, a Judas goat will lead sheep to slaughter while its own life is spared. Judas goats are also used to lead other animals to specific pens and onto trucks. They have fallen out of use in recent times, but can still be found in various smaller slaughterhouses in some parts of the world, as well as conservation projects.

Cattle herders may use a Judas steer to serve the same purpose as a Judas goat. The technique, and the term, originated from cattle drives in the United States in the 1800s.

The term is a reference to Judas Iscariot, an apostle of Jesus Christ who betrayed Jesus according to the New Testament.

Goats tracking feral goats
The phrase has also been used to describe a goat that is used to find feral goats that are targeted for eradication. The Judas goat is usually sterilised, outfitted with a transmitter, painted in red, and then released. The goat then finds the remaining herds of feral goats, allowing hunters to exterminate them. The podcast Radiolab dedicated a portion of its episode on the Galápagos Islands to how feral goats affected the environment on the islands and how Judas goats were used to help return the islands to nature. This technique is now used to target other invasive species, such as camels in Australia, pigs in America, rats in Mexico, and raccoon dogs in Europe.

Goat eradication on San Clemente Island
Endemic species on San Clemente Island have been degraded by feral goats since 1875. Under the administration of the United States Navy, a program of intensive eradication between 1972 and 1989 eliminated 28,000 goats on the island. Some feral goats were able to find cover in the rugged terrain and eradication efforts were hindered by frequent naval bombardment operations. Between 1989 and 1991, a dozen radio-collared Judas goats were used on the island to locate the remaining feral goats. 263 goats were killed.

Project Isabela in the Galápagos Islands
Project Isabela was a goat extermination initiative in the Galápagos Islands that started in 1997 and ended in 2006. Approximately 140,000 goats were living in the wild on the islands and threatening the local ecosystem. Goats were killed by gunmen in helicopters and on foot. Judas goats were used to lure the remaining goats to their death. The project cost 6 million dollars.

title: Judas goat


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Talk:Operation Days of Penitence Fatalities

See also Votes_for_deletion/Operation_Days_of_Penitence_Fatalities

totallydisputed
Facts: no references to any incident are included in the article. not possible to verify any information as currently presented. please see talk pages on Violence against Israelis for level of citation required.
 * This appears to be the sole source for the list of Palestinian casualties. If we attribute it properly, and mention the other figures (there's some discrepancy between the various counts, right?) that should take care of that. —No-One Jones (m) 20:54, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * al-Mezan is not reliable. User:MathKnight has documented instances of al-Mezan reporting inaccurately with corrections.
 * al-Mezan lists itself as a human rights organization. Unlike the ACLU, al-Mezan appears to limit its definition of "human" (in human rights) to "palestinian arabs". Furthermore al-Mezan fails to differentiate between combatants and non-combatants...an important distinction as shown by the Malm%E9dy massacre.  Soldiers, once captured, many not be killed arbitrarily as they are no longer combantants.  Combatants may be killed, even in their sleep.  al-Mezan does not address this issue.
 * The article does not list all the Israeli dead and/or wounded.
 * The article detail(s/ed) damaged Arab property but not damaged Israeli property. Lance6Wins 20:42, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

POV: fails to differentiate between militants/fighters/terrorists killed while fighting/terrorizing, unarmed persons killed.
 * How is that POV? The article just lists the casualties (on both sides, note, unlike certain pages I could name) without saying either "this person was innocent" or "that person deserved it". It also notes than many of them were "armed and engaged in violence". —No-One Jones (m) 20:54, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I have done some work to de-POV it. However some POV remains.  One example is the two large tables dedicated to the Arab dead, without any tables for the Israeli dead. Another example, here is material on Palestinian casualties but non on Israeli casualties. Lance6Wins 13:45, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The article give the impression that all those killed were civilian, which is not true. The majority of dead were militants - not innocent people,so it is hard to call the killing of terrorists an atrocity. We must notommit the fact that at least 87 of the dead were militants.

OK, this ridiculous article made it through VfD. Now. Will somebody please justify the numbers? Where are they coming from? Is the source neutral? If they can't be proven, I see no point in keeping them here. RickK 22:12, Oct 31, 2004 (UTC)

 * The numbers themselves are disputed by various sources, including the Associated Press and Reuters; see Operation Days of Penitence for more detail. The numbers used here are the maximal ones, given by the al-Mezan center, an organization with a strong anti-Israel political bias. Jayjg 23:43, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Exactly what I thought. RickK 23:57, Oct 31, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I know it is hard to believe; a human rights organization based in the largest Palestinian refugee camp, that was just attacked by the IDF, might just have a political bias against Israel. That doesn't mean their data in this case is inaccurate. Al-Mezan neither supports the Israeli claims that they are all or mostly terrorists nor does al-Mezan claim that they are all or mostly civilians. They simply report the facts. Who got killed, how old, and where they lived. It is the most accurate and comprehensive data available. And it is NPOV because it doesn't try to make claims beyond those facts. --Alberuni 00:31, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * They allege these people have been killed, and that they were killed by Israel. Their political bias would impact their view of the latter in particular. Jayjg 15:34, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Yes, allegedly,
We do not accept at face value Israeli claims for their reasons for attacking the refugee camps. We do not accept Israeli claims that all or most of their victims were "terrorists." I am willing to accept that Israelis do not believe the Al-Mezan Center's documentation. That's why all their data are attributed to them.--Alberuni 00:20, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Who is "we"? Your opinion isn't the issue here; do outside sources dispute that this is the reason? Jayjg 15:38, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Look above about 4 paragraphs at your own quote of 23:43, 31 Oct 2004: "The numbers themselves are disputed by various sources, including the Associated Press and Reuters" --Alberuni 19:47, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Who is questioning the neutrality of Al Mezan Center?
Oh, that's right. Dore Gold and NGO Monitor! According to Jayjg, we don't have to cite all this detail because any reader can go to Al Mezan Center for Human Rights and find links that take them back to Dore Gold eventually. Jayjg, what do you think? Is unsourced questioning of Al-Mezan Center's neutrality in this article acceptable? --Alberuni 01:03, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * NGO Monitor questions the neutrality of the Al Mezan Center, and gives its documented reasons. I don't know how Dore Gold feels about it, we have no information on that.  And it doesn't matter what I think about the Al Mezan Center, since we're not interested in original research. Jayjg

 * I was asking you your editing opinion about including unsourced attribution of disputed neutrality in the article, not your personal opinions about Al Mezan. --Alberuni 02:25, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Um, I didn't give any personal opinions about Al Mezan. What point are you trying to make or question are you trying to ask? Jayjg

Death Figures
As stated in Operation Days of Penitence
 * According to the Associated Press, at least 109 Palestinians were killed (including 18 minors): "Since Israel launched the offensive Sept. 29, after a deadly rocket attack on the southern Israeli border town Sderot, at least 109 Palestinians have been killed and hundreds wounded. Dozens of civilians, including 18 minors, died in the offensive. Five Israelis, including two preschoolers killed in the Sderot attack, also died."
 * According to Reuters, Palestinian medics states that at least 104 Palestinians were killed "Palestinian medics said Israeli forces killed at least 62 militants and 42 other Palestinians believed to be civilians. Gunmen killed three Israelis in north Gaza and a Thai farm worker in a retaliation raid."
 * According to Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights, 133 Palestinians (including 31 children) were killed. The Al-Mezan Center reports that 550 Palestinians, including 169 children, have been killed or injured during the Israeli offensive. Names, ages, and addresses of each Palestinian fatality, militants and civilians, are available on the website, though not combat status (militant or civilian). (Al Mezan Center for Human Rights).
 * Property damage: About 77 homes have been completely destroyed, hundreds more have been damaged, and an area of 610 dunams of farmland have been cleared. In addition, numerous public facilities, including police and security posts, schools, mosques and kindergartens have been damaged or destroyed. (Al Mezan Center for Human Rights)
 * The Israel Defence Forces reported killing 130 Palestinians, the vast majority of them combatants. (Haaretz)
 * According to Haaretz, 129 Palestinians were killed in the operation, 42 of whom were civilians and 87 were combatants: 68 from Hamas and Islamic Jihad and 19 from the Fatah associated al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees. (Haaretz)

Characterizing those who dispute Al Mezan's totals as "Israeli sources" would be false, of course, since Associated Press, Reuters, and Palestinian medics are not "Israeli sources". Jayjg 02:19, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The AP is not disputing Al Mezan totals, they just have inconsistent results, based on compiled sources including IDF reports most likely. Te only people who dispute Al Mezan are Israelis, as far as I know (IDF and NGO Monitor) - well not including RickK, but he doesn't count. We're talking about 'officially' disputed, not 'Wikipedia disputed'. --Alberuni 02:29, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I don't count, huh? If you'll provide valid figures, I'll stop bothering you. But you need to justify these numbers. RickK 23:28, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * The Reuters source says the numbers come from Palestinian medics, not the IDF; I don't know why you consistently ignore this source. Also, the AP's numbers are considerably lower than the IDF's numbers, so I don't understand why you imagine they come from the IDF. Jayjg 23:33, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Allegedly
If you're going to stick the word "allegedly" in front of the some claims, then you'll need to stick them in front of all claims. Jayjg 02:22, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I did. Reportedly, allegedly, claimed. I think it is quite NPOV. --Alberuni 02:23, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Not in front of all claims. I've put them back in now. Jayjg 15:41, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

We do not accept IDF claims that 67 or 87 or 107 fatalities were militants
We are not asserting any specific number are militant or civilian. We are just listing fatalities as reported by Al Mezan. Period. readers can go to the Al Mezan page to see what NGO Monitor thinks of them. . We have no confidence in the IDF assertions. How do they know who they killed? They killed dozens of children. Surely their idea of "militant" or "terrorist" is off the mark. We are not trying to cloud the picture by saying Haaretz reports 129 but AP reports at least 100 and Reuters reports 112. We are just reporting Al Mezan data because it is most comprehensive and richest data source with ages, names, and places of residence. We are attributing it to Al Mezan and people can check Al Mezan article if they need more info about the source. --Alberuni 02:39, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Please read the article closely. These are not IDF claims, but many claims from many sources, including Palestinian ones.  The Al Mezan claims provide no more "confidence" than any other sources. Jayjg 03:15, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes actually the Al Mezan list documents names, ages and residence locations of all recorded fatalities, a level of detail that no other source provides to my knowledge. The conflicting claims are not disputes of Al Mezan as you pointed out in your last edit to Israeli terrorism:

"who is "disputing" them? Please bring a reference to a group which "disputes" them. The sources simply differ.".--Alberuni 04:21, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Al Mazen write names of terrorists as well, while not pointing out that they were combatants. Making the impression that a Hamas Qassam launcher operators is an "innocent civilian" is, to put it straight, is a lie. MathKnight 16:17, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Where do you get the impression that the names are names of civilians? No one said they were all civilians. They were all fatalities and that's all that is reported. --Alberuni 18:48, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * They were all fatalities, indeed. But writing a name of a terrorist (such as Bashir Dabash, Islamic Jihad) near a name of a civilian - is misleading. The average person can't sort them out. Haaretz and under sources report how many of those killed were combatants, and therefore they report must be mentioned. MathKnight 19:27, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * There is nothing misleading about it. They were all fatalities and that is all that the article claims. You even agree. Haaretz reports what the IDF tells them. They do not report names most of the time. It's not exactly an unbiased source. You seem to accept those reports as facts. The sources don't agree on Israeli allegations of "terrorist", "combatant" or "militant". Therefore, those attributions are deleted. That doesn't mean they were all civilians and it doesn't mean they were all militants. It just means they were fatalities. --Alberuni 19:44, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * You are wrong. Haaretz is a left wing paper, who is considered to be very critical against Israel and considered very pro-Palestinian by Israelis. If you had bothered to read, Haaretz stated that the numbers are a result of its independent counting (note also that the IDF figures appear seperately). Haaretz publishes list of names of all Palestinian killed each month (for example: in November 1, they published the names of all Palestinians killed in October). Unlike Al Mazen, Haaretz also state the reason of death and whether the dead was a militant.
 * Now, the other sources agree with Haaretz count and also report that about third of the deads were civilian, while the rest where militants. A guy who shoots rockets against Israelis cannot use the civilian immunity. Since 87 out of the 130 were militants, the article must mention it. MathKnight 20:17, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't understand your point here. There are difference accounts of the casualties; I haven't seen any sources "disputing" any of the accounts.  NPOV requires that the different sources simply be provided. The differences aren't huge, it's not like any source is claiming under 100 casualties or over 135.  Small honest differences of opinion can exist amongst people about these things.  Jayjg 15:25, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you talking to me? I'm disputing the Al Mezan numbers as non-neutral.  RickK 08:07, Nov 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * You don't count. Your complaints can't be inserted into an encyclopedia article. Is there a person or group who can be cited, a published account of a dispute with Al Mezan's accounting? --Alberuni 18:48, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

In addition, numerous public facilities, including police and security posts, schools, mosques and kindergartens were damaged or destroyed.
I think the statement "In addition, numerous public facilities, including police and security posts, schools, mosques and kindergartens were damaged or destroyed." in the Property section needs to be qualified. But frankly, property damage is not a "fatality", and doesn't belong here at all, especially when it is already in the Operation Days of Penitence article. Jayjg 17:05, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree, property damage is not a fatality. Delete it. It's just more unfortunate collateral damage incurred while Israel takes the measures necessary to defend itself. Too bad for the victims but the Jewish state comes first, right Jay? Good thing you caught that. --Alberuni 17:38, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I think it's about time this was merged into the timeline at Operation Days of Penitence. Thoughts? ~Asarlaí 12:25, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Support Given that the articles are influenced by 'recentism' and this operation is not notable, there is certainly no legitimacy to a separate article. --Shuki (talk) 22:41, 30 March 2010 (UTC)


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Coupar Angus

Coupar Angus (Gaelic: Cupar Aonghais) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies on the River Isla in the broad and fertile Valley of Strathmore, 4 mi south of Blairgowrie. The A94 road from Perth to Forfar runs through the town, and it had a station on the Midland Junction line until 1967.

The town formerly straddled the border between Angus and Perthshire, but it has lain wholly within Perthshire since 1891. It retains the name "Coupar Angus", however, which serves to distinguish it from Cupar in Fife.

History
The six-storey Tolbooth was built in 1762, funded by public subscription.

In the Middle Ages the Cistercian Coupar Angus Abbey was one of Scotland's most important monasteries, founded by Malcolm IV (1153–65) in the 1160s. Of the abbey, only architectural fragments, preserved in the 19th-century parish church (which is probably on the site of the monastic church), or built into houses and walls throughout the town, survive, along with part of one of its gatehouses.

Coupar Angus Town Hall was commissioned to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria and completed in 1887.

Several Polish units were stationed in and around Coupar Angus during the Second World War.

The Scottish Fold breed of cat originated in or near Coupar Angus.

Sport
Coupar Angus is home to the junior football club Coupar Angus F.C. and also Coupar Angus Amateur Football Club.

Buses
Stagecoach East Scotland operate services 57/57A and 59 via Coupar Angus which go to Dundee, Blairgowrie and Perth. The services each run hourly.

Notable people

 * William Nairne Clark (1804–1854), born locally and one of the two protagonists that fought the first recorded duel in Western Australia.
 * Alan Gilzean (1938-2018), locally-born former professional footballer from the 1960s and 1970s.
 * Sir Robert Gillespie Reid (1842–1908), railway contractor.
 * James Stirton (1833-1917), locally-born physician and leading expert on mosses and lichen.
 * Jock Sutherland (1889-1948), locally-born coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers 1946–1947.
 * Major-General Douglas Wimberley (1896-1983), commander of the 51st (Highland) Division in the Second World War.

title: Coupar Angus