text:
Saint Mary's College

Saint Mary's College (in French, Collège Sainte-Marie), is the name of several colleges and schools:

Australia

 * St Mary's College, Ipswich, an all-girls Catholic school in Queensland
 * St Mary's College, Maryborough, a co-educational school in Queensland
 * St Mary's College, Toowoomba, an all-boys Christian Brothers school in Toowoomba, Queensland
 * St Mary's College, Adelaide, an all-girls Catholic school in South Australia
 * St Mary's College, Hobart, an all-girls Catholic school in Tasmania
 * St Mary's College (Seymour), a school in Victoria
 * St Mary's College, Melbourne (residential college), a residential college affiliated with the University of Melbourne in Victoria
 * St Mary's College, Melbourne (school), a co-educational school in Victoria

Canada

 * St. Mary's University College, Calgary, Alberta
 * St. Mary's College, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * the former St. Mary's College, Brockville, Ontario
 * the former Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal, Quebec

India

 * St. Mary's College, Manarcaud, Kerala
 * St. Mary's College, Thrissur, Kerala
 * St. Mary's College, Hyderabad, Telangana

Ireland

 * St Mary's College, Dublin
 * St Mary's College, Galway
 * St Mary's College, Dundalk

Jamaica

 * St. Mary's College, Jamaica, a co-educational school in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica

Japan

 * St. Mary's College (Japan)

Mauritius

 * Saint Mary's College, Mauritius, Rose-Hill
 * College Sainte-Marie (Mauritius), Quatre Bornes

New Zealand

 * St Mary's College, Auckland, an all-girls Catholic school in Ponsonby
 * St Mary's College, Wellington, an all-girls Catholic school
 * St Mary's College, Christchurch, an all-girls Catholic school, now Marian College

Pakistan

 * St Mary's College, Rawalpindi

Philippines

 * St. Mary's College of Baliuag
 * St. Mary's College of Meycauayan
 * Saint Mary's College of Borongan
 * Saint Mary's College of Quezon City

Saint Lucia

 * Saint Mary's College (Saint Lucia), an all-boys Catholic Secondary School

Sri Lanka

 * St. Mary's College, Negombo, an Catholic Boys School in Gampaha District
 * St. Mary's College, Chilaw, Catholic Secondary School in Puttalam District
 * St. Mary's College, Kegalle, an all-boys Catholic Secondary School
 * St. Mary's College, Trincomalee, school in Trincomalee

Thailand

 * Saint Mary's College Nakhon Ratchasima, Catholic School

Trinidad and Tobago

 * Saint Mary's College, Trinidad and Tobago, a Catholic Secondary School in Port of Spain, Trinidad

Secondary Education

 * St. Mary's College, Blackburn, a Roman Catholic sixth form college in Lancashire, England
 * St Mary's College, Clady, a Roman Catholic secondary school in Clady, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
 * St Mary's College, Crosby, a co-educational, formerly Irish Christian Brothers, school in Great Crosby, England
 * St Mary's College, Derry, Northern Ireland
 * St Mary's College, Hull, a Roman Catholic secondary school in Hull, Yorkshire, England
 * St Mary's College, Middlesbrough, a Roman Catholic sixth form college in Middlesbrough, England which closed in 2011
 * St Mary's College, Wallasey, a Catholic comprehensive in the Wirral, England
 * St Mary's College, Southampton, now St Mary's Independent School, a Roman Catholic school in Southampton, England

Higher Education

 * St Mary's University College, Belfast, a college of Queen's University Belfast, in Northern Ireland
 * St Mary's College, Durham, a college of Durham University
 * St Mary's College, St Andrews, a college of the University of St Andrews, Scotland
 * St Mary's University College, Twickenham, England, now St Mary's University
 * St Mary's College, Oxford, a former college of Oxford University
 * St Mary's College of Education, a former teacher training college in Newcastle upon Tyne
 * Seminaries
 * St Mary's College, Oscott, England

United States
by state
 * Saint Mary's College of California
 * St. Mary's College (Delaware), Wilmington, Delaware
 * Saint Mary's College (Indiana), Notre Dame, Indiana
 * Saint Mary's Academy and College, St. Marys, Kansas
 * University of Saint Mary, formerly Saint Mary College, Leavenworth, Kansas
 * St. Mary's College (Kentucky), Lebanon, Kentucky
 * St. Mary's College (Baltimore) now known as St. Mary's Seminary and University.
 * St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland
 * St. Mary's College (Ilchester), Ilchester, Maryland
 * Saint Mary's College (Michigan), Orchard Lake, Michigan—now a college of Madonna University
 * St. Mary's College (Minnesota), now Saint Mary's University of Minnesota
 * College of Saint Mary, Omaha, Nebraska, an all-woman's college
 * St. Mary's College (North Carolina), now Saint Mary's School, Raleigh, North Carolina
 * St. Mary's College, later Marylhurst University, Marylhurst, Oregon (defunct)
 * St. Mary's College, now part of Wyalusing Academy, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
 * St. Mary's College, now the University of Dayton

title: Saint Mary's College


text:
Kim Hill

Kim Hill may refer to:
 * Kim Hill (broadcaster) (born 1955), English-born New Zealand broadcaster
 * Kim Hill (singer) (born 1963), American Christian country singer-songwriter
 * Kim Hill (soul musician) (born 1972), American soul vocalist, formerly of the Black Eyed Peas
 * Kimberly Hill (born 1989), American volleyball player
 * Kim Hill, victim in 1978 of attempted murder by Mick Philpott
 * Kim Hill (1966–2011), daughter of American football player Fred Hill and the inspiration for the Ronald McDonald House charity

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kim Hill


text:
Formosa Cafe

The Formosa Cafe is a restaurant and bar founded in 1925 and located at 7156 Santa Monica Boulevard at the intersection with North Formosa Avenue, in West Hollywood, California.

The Formosa was founded in 1925 by 1920s prize-fighter Jimmy Bernstein. Bernstein operated his establishment initially in a Red Car trolley located just east of The United Artists studio lot. In 1945, Lem Quon went into partnership with Bernstein, taking full ownership in 1976 when Bernstein died. The restaurant remained in the family with Quon's grandson, Vince Jung, managing it. Several long-term employees worked for decades at the Formosa Cafe, including bartender Lindy Bremerton who worked there for almost 50 years, waitresses Mary Kay Moore (over 40 years), bartender Nick Pappas (over 30 years) and Catherine (Cass) Marples (over 25 years).

The restaurant has a long history of movie star and film industry patronage due to its proximity to studio lot across the street, which began as the United Artists lot and was later owned by Warner Bros. Generations of movie stars such as Humphrey Bogart, David Janssen and Clark Gable have eaten meals at The Formosa. Frank Sinatra is reputed to have spent many nights at the Formosa in the 1950s, pining over Ava Gardner.

In 1991, the restaurant was threatened with demolition when its lease expired as plans evolved for The Lot, the soon-to-be renamed Warner Hollywood studio parking lot, and what later would become the West Hollywood Gateway shopping center. Due to concerted citizen and preservationist efforts, the restaurant was preserved in its present location as a landmark. The cuisine served at Formosa is predominantly Chinese-influenced, with Beijing Chicken, Mongolian beef, wasabi mashed potatoes, bok choy and mushrooms, pork belly skewers, Formosa Caesar salad, etc. Celebrities continued to frequent the establishment throughout its history.

In 2004, the historic restaurant was dwarfed by the West Hollywood Gateway shopping mall which was built to its immediate east, occupying the entire southeast corner of Santa Monica Boulevard and North La Brea Avenue.

In 2015, the restaurant's original red-and-black 1940s interiors were gutted and a "modern" interior was installed, despite clientele who enjoyed the nostalgic ambience. After negative reactions to the change, much of the original interior was rebuilt. Less than 18 months after the gutting, just before Christmas of 2016, the Formosa Cafe closed without advance notice.

In June 2017, The Los Angeles Times announced that the café would reopen with a new operator, the 1933 Group.

As of July 2021, Formosa is open again for drinks and dining.

In popular culture
The interior and exterior of the Formosa Cafe can be seen in two key sequences in the 1997 movie L.A. Confidential, set in early 1950s Los Angeles. Other productions that have used the café include Swingers (1996), Still Breathing (1998), The Majestic (2001), and episodes of the television series Bosch, "Blood Under the Bridge", Euphoria, "A Thousand Little Trees of Blood", and Bling Empire, "What's in Anna's Shower?" (2021).

title: Formosa Cafe


text:
Template talk:Music of Australia

English, Irish and Scottish
What's the point of theses dead links? "English-Australian Music" - that is an absurd proposition. --Mdhowe 03:27, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

States
I'm tempted to remove the Australian states from this infobox. There isn't really a separation of styles of music from each area. Sure, Powderfinger is from Brisbane and Eskimo Joe is from Perth and the Superjesus are from Adelaide, but there isn't really a "South Australian" or "Victorian" style of music that could be written about. I thought I would get comments from people who created/edited this template before making changes. -- Chuq 01:55, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Go ahead -- if someone ever writes an article on one of the regions, I'm sure it will be re-added. I think there is potentially valuable info though, on local labels, prominent clubs, music of any immigrant communities localized in the area, etc... I don't really know much about Australia, though, so maybe not.  Tuf-Kat 05:54, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem, I'll take them out for now. As you said, its simple enough to add them back in later. -- Chuq 06:09, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Festivals?
How about Meredith, Slendour in the Grass, Earthcore etc? And newbie Pyramid. Maybe there's too many to list now? See Category:Australian music festivals. pfctdayelise 02:14, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * created list List of Australian music festivals - put reference to that on template Paul foord 09:20, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

How widely is this intended to be used?
For example, on Australian musician pages? I'm guessing not... Category: Australian musicians is enough instead? pfctdayelise 00:28, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Only on the genres and the timeline and samples (if they existed). And music of Australia, of course.  Tuf-Kat 05:57, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Awards
A few more awards come to mind. The new and shiny J Award, the WAMis (no article yet, AFAICT) and the Australian Music Prize. The AMP is new this year, and is intended to be Australia's equivalent of a Mercury. The winner gets $25k - big bikkies indeed. Info here (there was an article in this month's Rolling Stone, too. Kram from Spiderbait is one of folks on the steering committee). WAMIs. Not sure what their page should be. First we need West Australian Music Industry, then it looks like they call their awards WAM Song of the Year, with different genre categories... and it looks like the thing I actually thought was the WAMIs, is really Kiss My WAMi Original Contemporary Music Festival. Hmmm. pfctdayelise 12:03, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Also. The Australasian_Performing_Right_Association. Is the dead Australian Music Centre link intending to refer to the "APRA - Australian Musical Centre Classical Music Awards" (listed in the aforelinked section)? pfctdayelise 14:29, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The WAMi Awards are the West Australian Music Industry Awards (which previously had been called Kiss My WAMi) the WAMi festival is a series of music events culminating in the WAMi awards presentation. An article has been provided to cover the WAMi Awards (which includes the WAM Hall of Fame).  The West Australian Music Industry also run, seperately, the WAM Song of the Year - which an article is currently under construction.  Am looking at seperate article on the West Australian Music Industry.... Dan arndt 05:57, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Timeline
Re: our red link Timeline of trends in Australian music. Does anyone know of a similar article we can model ours on? Like, how do you format a timeline?

Also, don't know how detailed it should be (probably not very, if it's only of 'trends'), but ARIA has a "year in review" of 2005 which could be handy: 2005 Year in Review pdf

--pfctdayelise 16:19, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * See timeline of trends in music -- I don't particularly recommend that format though. There's no really good music timeline pages, AFAIK. Tuf-Kat 17:25, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Ugh, I hate lists. A list is not a timeline, it's a list! Did you know about this EasyTimeline? I just discovered it. It produces some pretty amazing looking timelines - see Category:Graphical timelines for some examples. There are some music ones, but they're classical music. Apparently it's a bit tricky to use from scratch, but once you establish a timeline, it's pretty easy to edit. I think we should use this system. This is the wordiest one I've found: Template:Timeline history of international cricket.pfctdayelise 08:03, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Cyclic Defrost
This is being removed repeatedly from the template. Thoughts, anyone? Giggy UCP 22:30, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I removed Cyclic Defrost from the media section as it is clearly not notable enough for such a prominent position. There are many, many more prominent music media sources in Australia that should be added before a tri-annual publication with a circulation of 5000. --Mdhowe 01:03, 11 July 2007 (UTC) Note - you are only taking into account the physical printrun. Mate - The electronic readership of the Cyclic Defrost website is significantly higher. Cyclic Defrost IS Australia's biggest non-dance electronic music site...and by removing it, you lose a fair bit of important cultural detail.
 * As I said before, if it's notable enough for a WP article, it's notable enough to go here. Why not add all the other publications too? Giggy  UCP 01:06, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * That's just not practical. Just about every radio station in Australia would need to be added, every street mag, every mainstream mag, every TV show. I don't understand why you are so adamant about this. --Mdhowe 01:09, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Agree with Mdhowe. This template is far too big already and overpowers many articles in which it is placed.  It really needs to be reduced IMO.   01:11, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As most of the links are sometimes irrelevant to the articles displaying the template, perhaps there needs to be several smaller templates; eg. Template:Australian music festivals, Template:Australian music media etc etc. (we already have one Template:Australian music charts) and this big one kept for the flagship articles such as Music of Australia. —Moondyne
 * I agree with Moondyne that maybe the creation of a number of smaller specfic templates or links to lists where individual articles could be sourced from would allow this template to be reduced in overall size. Also the link to Hobart doesn't appear to be relevant all the others link to music of that particular city not to the city itself - if that was the case then there should be a link to Darwin or Alice Springs as well.  Dan arndt 04:17, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the point being missed here, except by Giggy, is that Cyclic Desfrost is notable enough to have one of the highest circulations of magazines for something of its niche nature. I do believe magazines like Drum and and such ought to be included here also. The article for CD is pretty small, but as a magazine, they're actually very important to the whole electronic music industry in Australia. Quite revolutionary in etching a mark into the industry. -- linca linca  13:02, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I guess the concern is that by adding Cyclic Defrost, there would be a justifiable case to include all magazine/street press papers related to australian music - such as Drum Media, Rolling Stone (Aus), Inpress, J Mag, Zebra, X-Press Magazine (and the list is fairly large). By the way I haven't been able to track down any issues of Cyclic Defrost in any of the speciality records stores in Western Australia and my friends in Adelaide have said the same thing.  My feelings are that if we include press media it should be more national rather than localised in order to try and keep the template to a reasonable size - there is nothing to stop a separate category or list of the various magzines/papers which specifically deal with Australian music and have that linked on the template Dan arndt 03:43, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * This may be true, but of these, the only one you mention that has a page on wikipedia is Inpress. Rolling Stone Australia seems to be neglected its own age, nor is there even any content about the Australian edition on their page, but a single line that indicates that it exists and was started 35 years ago. I would be against including them all if they all had pages, but as only 2 do, it seems, it wouldn't be a terrible catastrophe. I'd say moderation would be required if we start having pages for them all start cropping up all the time. -- linca linca  06:19, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * My error about the links - there is actually three (including Cyclic Defrost) - shame that there isn't an article on the Australian edition of the Rolling Stone given its influence. Accept that at the moment there are a limited number of articles, related to Australian music press, on Wikipedia but have to question whether Cyclic Defrost has an impact nation-wide given its limited distribution.Dan arndt 01:42, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Cyclic Defrost is available in selected record shops throughout Australia, but given heavy demand on its dist run of 5000 the stock runs out quickly. It is, however, available by subscription and online. Online readership is considerably larger than print. I don't see why magazines like Rolling Stone, Oyster, Unbelievably Bad, Mess+Noise and so on shouldn't be included in the media section - they all make an important contribution to the media landscape, both as a breeding ground for new writers and a space for alternative writing (the same could be said for the street press). Fortunegrey 13 August 2007
 * Above appears to be a WP:SPA. —Moondyne 09:17, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Style?
Would this template be better as a full width navbox at the bottom of the page instead of a sidebar? At present the longer links get split up, run over, and look generally messy. Wongm (talk) 06:27, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I was just about to ask this question, then I found I already have, so am going to convert it to Template:Navbox style. Wongm (talk) 03:01, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Media
Should this be separated into separate categories (ie television, radio, press) - am currently working on a long overdue article on Rolling Stone Australia, was thinking that this should be either included in the media section or as described split into a separate category. Dan arndt (talk) 00:43, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

This is old and dead
The template doesn't even include St Jerome's Laneway Festival as one of the current national festival's and been probably the biggest touring festival of the last five years. Gibbsyspin 22:11, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Music of Australia


text:
Love, American Style

Love, American Style is an anthology comedy television series that aired on ABC from 1969 to 1974. The series was produced by Paramount Television. During the 1971–72 and 1972–73 seasons, it was a part of ABC's Friday primetime lineup that included The Brady Bunch, The Partridge Family, Room 222, and The Odd Couple. It featured some of the earliest work of future stars Diane Keaton ("Love and the Pen Pals"), Sally Struthers ("Love and the Triangle"), Albert Brooks ("Love and Operational Model"), and Harrison Ford ("Love and the Former Marriage"). Room 222 star Karen Valentine appeared in four episodes. Brady Bunch star Ann B. Davis and The Partridge Family star Dave Madden each appeared in two episodes.

History
Each episode of the show featured multiple stories of romance, usually with a comedic spin. Episodes were stand-alone, featuring various characters, stories and locations. The show often featured the same actors playing different characters in many episodes. In addition, a large, ornate brass bed was a recurring prop in many episodes.

Charles Fox's music score, featuring flutes, harp and flugelhorn set to a contemporary pop beat, provided the "love" ambiance, which tied the stories together as a multifaceted romantic comedy each week. For the first season, the theme song was performed by the Cowsills. Beginning with the second season, the same theme song was sung by the Ron Hicklin Singers, also known as the voices behind the Partridge Family (based on the Cowsills), among others, featuring brothers John and Tom Bahler (billed as the Charles Fox Singers). This second version of the theme was kept for the remainder of the series, as well as on most episodes prepared for syndication.

The title is loosely derived from a 1961 Italian comedy film called Divorzio all'italiana (Divorce, Italian Style), which received Academy Award nominations in 1962 for Best Director for Pietro Germi and for Best Actor for star Marcello Mastroianni. The film was later spoofed in 1967 by Divorce, American Style, starring Dick Van Dyke. The snowclone "(xxx), (nationality) Style" became a minor cultural catch-phrase as the 1960s progressed. The original series was also known for its 10- to 20-second blackouts between the featured segments. These were performed by a house troupe that featured future Rockford Files cast member Stuart Margolin, future Vega$ leading lady Phyllis Davis and a young character actor, James Hampton, who was known to television audiences of the era as Private Dobbs from the TV series F-Troop. These clips allowed the show to be padded to the required length without adding to the main segments. They generally consisted of risqué, burlesque-style comedy-of-manners visual jokes.

During its first four years on ABC, Love, American Style was popular with viewers and received decent ratings, although it never ranked among the top 30 shows in the Nielsens. For a few seasons, it was part of a lineup of ABC Friday night programs that included The Brady Bunch, The Partridge Family, Room 222, and The Odd Couple.

Some of the show's segments also served as pilots for proposed television series. Many never made it beyond the pilot stage, but two resulted in a series:

 * On February 11, 1972, the show presented the animated segment "Love and the Old-Fashioned Father." This would become the pilot to a first-run syndicated animated series by Hanna-Barbera, Wait Till Your Father Gets Home, which debuted that fall.
 * Two weeks later, on February 25, 1972, the show aired a segment titled "Love and the Television Set", a story about Richie Cunningham, his family and friends. The premise and characters were later used for the 1974 television series Happy Days, and the episode would later be recognized as a de facto pilot for the series. (It had originally been produced as a pilot for New Family in Town, which was not picked up). For syndication, the segment was retitled "Love and the Happy Days." Happy Days, in turn, launched an extensive franchise of spinoffs into the 1980s.

The series was also flexible enough to include repurposed pilots that had already failed or been retooled. One first-season example was "Love and the Good Deal," which was actually the original, unaired pilot for the sitcom adaptation of the Neil Simon play and movie Barefoot in the Park, with a different cast than the series.

At the start of the 1973–1974 fall season, the ratings for Love, American Style and Room 222 had plummeted. As a result, both shows were canceled mid-season. The series received several Emmy nominations, including two for Best Comedy Series for 1969–70 and 1970–71. The show subsequently became a daytime standard on ABC from June 1971 to May 1974, and later in syndication, since it was readily edited down to a half-hour by the proper interweaving of the clips with a main segment. It effectively made nine seasons out of five. This allowed for heavy stripping.

The 1985 film Back to the Future featured an homage to the series. The cinema marquee behind Marty and Jennifer when they discuss their forthcoming camping trip reads Orgy American Style.

New versions
A decade after the show left the air, a new version aired on ABC's daytime schedule from December 23, 1985 to August 15, 1986 entitled New Love, American Style (including an updated version of the theme performed by Lou Rawls), but was canceled after only eight months because of low ratings against The Price Is Right on CBS. A third edition, starring Melissa Joan Hart among others, was shot as a pilot for the 1998–1999 television season, but was not ordered as a series. Nevertheless, ABC aired the pilot on February 20, 1999.

Nielsen ratings

 * 1969-70 - #58, 13.2 rating
 * 1970-71 - #47, 17.2 rating
 * 1971-72 - #33, 19.3 rating
 * 1972-73 - #41, 18.4 rating
 * 1973-74 - #75, 11.7 rating

Home media
On November 20, 2007, CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) released Love, American Style, Season 1 Volume 1 on DVD in Region 1. Season 1, Volume 2 on DVD was released on March 11, 2008.

title: Love, American Style


text:
Talk:Cuno Hoffmeister

Plagarism
The stub as it stands has been copied directly from astronomy.com , so may I suggest a subtle rewording or haste in translating the German piece.--Xiphon 08:59, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * There's no plagiarism involved. They copied our article, and have given us appropriate credit (and complied with the GFDL requirements) by linking back to us. - Nunh-huh 09:06, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh sorry, I was too hasty, didn't see it at the bottom there--Xiphon 09:25, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

good ref
Title: Cuno Hoffmeister, 1892-1968 Authors: Kippenhahn, R. Publication: New Directions and New Frontiers in Variable Star Research, Proceedings of IAU Colloq. 15, held in Bamberg, Germany, 31 August - 3 September, 1971. Edited by W. Strohmeier. Kleine Veroff. Remeis-Sternw. Bamberg, Bd. IX, Nr. 100, 1971., p.315 Publication Date: 00/1971 Bibliographic Code: 1971ndnf.coll..315K

Jensch, A., Kippenhahn, R., Deinzer, W., Schubart, J., Geyer, E.H., Eichhorn, M., Busch, H.: Meine Begegnung mit Cuno Hoffmeister. In: S. Marx (Hrsg.), Cuno Hoffmeister. Festschrift zum 100. Geburtstag, Leipzig 1992, S. 83-137.

Marx, S. (Hrsg.): Cuno Hoffmeister. Festschrift zum 100. Geburtstag. Leipzig, Berlin, Heidelberg: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1992. 137 S. ISBN 3-335-00282-2.

Marx, S.: Cuno Hoffmeister - Leben und Werk. Zu seinem 100. Geburtstag. Astronomie in der Schule 29 (1992) 7, 10-11.

Hoffmeister, Cuno, - Veränderliche Sterne. Unter Mitarbeit von G. Richter und W. Wenzel. Berlin, 1970,

publication list

1916
Hoffmeister had to leave school in 1916 sounds a bit odd to me as Hoffmeister was 24 years old then. Either he had to repeat classes very often (unlikely) or this refers to a higher education like university. Can anybody clarify this? --Proofreader (talk) 14:08, 13 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Or rather second chance education (zweiter Bildungsweg), i.e. high school courses for adults. That indeed would be some sort of school but maybe should be made clearer to the reader if true. --Proofreader (talk) 14:14, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cuno Hoffmeister


text:
Talk:Cuno Hoffmeister/to do

Translate the extensive German Wikipedia article.

title: Talk:Cuno Hoffmeister/to do


text:
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), also known as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), is characterized by a physiologically inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source. Unsuppressed ADH causes a physiologically inappropriate increase in solute-free water being reabsorbed by the tubules of the kidney to the venous circulation leading to hypotonic hyponatremia (a low plasma osmolality and low sodium levels).

The causes of SIADH are commonly grouped into categories including: central nervous system diseases that directly stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH, various cancers that synthesize and secrete ectopic ADH, various lung diseases, numerous drugs that may stimulate the release of ADH, enhance ADH effects, act as ADH analogues in the body, or stimulate the vasopressin receptor 2 at the kidney (the site of ADH action); or inherited mutations leading to a gain of function of the vasopressin-2 receptor (a very rare occurrence). Inappropriate antidiuresis may also be due to acute stressors such as exercise, pain, severe nausea or during the post-operative state. In 17-60% of people, the cause of inappropriate antidiuresis is never found.

ADH is derived from a preprohormone precursor that is synthesized in cells in the hypothalamus and stored in vesicles in the posterior pituitary. Appropriate ADH secretion is regulated by osmoreceptors on the hypothalamic cells that synthesize and store ADH:  plasma hypertonicity activates these receptors, ADH is released into the blood stream, the kidney increases solute-free water reabsorption and return to the circulation, and the hypertonicity is alleviated. A decrease in the effective circulating volume of blood (the volume of arterial blood effectively perfusing tissues) also stimulates an appropriate, physiologic release of ADH. Inappropriate (increased) ADH secretion causes a physiologically inappropriate water reabsorption by the kidneys. This causes the extracellular fluid (ECF) space to become hypo-osmolar, including a low sodium concentration (hyponatremia). In the intracellular space, cells swell as intracellular volume increases as water moves from an area of low solute concentration (extracellular space) to an area of high solute concentration (the cells' interior). In severe or acute hypoosmolar hyponatremia, swelling of brain cells causes various neurological abnormalities, which in severe or acute cases can result in convulsions, coma, and death. The symptoms of chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis are more vague, and may include cognitive impairment, gait abnormalities, or osteoporosis.

The main treatment of inappropriate antidiuresis is to identify and treat the underlying cause, if possible. This usually causes plasma osmolality and sodium levels to return to normal in several days. In those in which an underlying cause cannot be found, or is untreatable, treatments are targeted to alleviating correcting the hypoosmolality and hyponatremia. These include restriction of fluid intake, using salt tablets (sometimes with diuretics), urea supplements, or increasing the protein intake. The vasopressin receptor 2 blocker tolvaptan may also be used. The presence of cerebral edema, or other moderate to severe symptoms, may necessitate intravenous hypertonic saline administration with close monitoring of the serum sodium levels to avoid overcorrection.

SIADH was originally described in 1957 in two people with small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Gastro-intestinal

 * Anorexia
 * Nausea

Musculoskeletal

 * Muscle aches
 * Generalized muscle weakness

Neuro-muscular

 * Myoclonus
 * Decreased reflexes
 * Ataxia
 * Pathological reflexes
 * Tremor
 * Asterixis

Respiratory

 * Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Neurological

 * Dysarthria
 * Lethargy
 * Confusion
 * Delirium
 * Seizures
 * Coma (from brain swelling)
 * Death

Causes
Causes of SIADH include conditions that dysregulate ADH secretion in the central nervous system, tumors that secrete ADH, drugs that increase ADH secretion, among other causes. Cancer accounts for an estimated 24% of cases of SIADH, with 25% of those causes due to small cell lung cancer. Medications or drugs are responsible for 18% of cases of SIADH. This is due to a variety of mechanisms including: stimulation of ADH release (opiates, ifosfamide, vincristine, platinum-based antineoplastics and MDMA (also known as ecstasy); enhancers of ADH effect (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories); ADH analogues (desmopressin, oxytocin); and vasopressin receptor 2 activators (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), haloperidol, carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, and chlorpropamide). Of the causes of medication induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, antidepressants (especially SSRIs) are the most common culprit. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders or conditions may cause SIADH in 9% of cases, this includes subarachnoid hemorrhage (56% of CNS causes), pituitary surgery (35% of CNS causes), brain cancer, infections, stroke and head trauma. No cause of inappropriate antidiuresis is initially found in 17-60% of cases.

A list of common causes is below: • Central nervous system-related causes

• * Infections

• ** Meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, rocky mountain spotted fever, AIDS

• * Perinatal asphyxia

• * Mass / bleed

• ** Trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, cavernous sinus thrombosis

• * Hydrocephalus

• * Guillain–Barré syndrome

• * Acute porphyria (acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, variegate porphyria)

• * Multiple system atrophy

• * Multiple sclerosis

• Cancers

• * Carcinomas

• ** Lung cancers (small-cell lung cancer, mesothelioma)

• ** Gastrointestinal cancers (stomach, duodenum, pancreas)

• ** Genitourinary cancers (bladder, urethral, prostate, endometrial)

• * Lymphoma

• * Sarcomas (Ewing's sarcoma)

• Pulmonary causes

• * Infection

• ** Pneumonia

• ** Lung abscess

• * Asthma

• * Cystic fibrosis

• Drugs

• * Chlorpropamide

• * Clofibrate

• * Phenothiazine

• * Ifosfamide

• * Cyclophosphamide

• * Carbamazepine

• * Oxcarbazepine

• * Valproic acid

• * Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, a class of antidepressants)

• * 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly called Ecstasy. SIADH due to taking ecstasy was cited as a factor in the deaths of Anna Wood and Leah Betts)

• * Oxytocin

• * Vincristine

• * Morphine

• * Amitriptyline

• Transient causes

• * Endurance exercise

• * General anesthesia

• Hereditary causes

• Sarcoidosis

Pathophysiology
Normally there are homeostatic processes in the body which maintain the concentration of body solutes within a narrow range, both inside and outside cells. The process occurs as follows: in some hypothalamic cells there are osmoreceptors which respond to hyperosmolality in body fluids by signalling the posterior pituitary gland to secrete ADH. This keeps serum sodium concentration - a proxy for solute concentration - at normal levels, prevents hypernatremia and turns off the osmoreceptors. Specifically, when the serum sodium rises above 142 mEq/L, ADH secretion is maximal (and thirst is stimulated as well); when it is below 135 mEq/L, there is no secretion. ADH activates V2 receptors on the basolateral membrane of principal cells in the renal collecting duct, initiating a cyclic AMP-dependent process that culminates in increased production of water channels (aquaporin 2), and their insertion into the cells’ luminal membranes.

Excessive ADH causes an inappropriate increase in the reabsorption in the kidneys of solute-free water ("free water"): excess water moves from the distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) and collecting tubules of the nephrons - via activation of aquaporins, the site of the ADH receptors - back into the circulation. This has two consequences. First, in the extracellular fluid (ECF) space, there is a dilution of blood solutes, causing hypoosmolality, including a low sodium concentration - hyponatremia. [There is no expansion of the ECF volume because as it attempts to expand, aldosterone is suppressed and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is stimulated: both of these hormones cause isotonic ECF fluid to be excreted by the kidneys sufficient to keep ECF volume at a normal level.] Also, virtually simultaneously to these ECF events, the intracellular space (ICF) volume expands. This is because the osmolality of the ECF is (transiently) less than that of the ICF; and since water is readily permeable to cell membranes, solute-free water moves from the ECF to the ICF compartment by osmosis: all cells swell. Swelling of brain cells - cerebral edema - causes various neurological abnormalities which in acute and/or severe cases can result in convulsions, coma, and death.

The normal function of ADH on the kidneys is to control the amount of water reabsorbed by kidney nephrons. ADH acts in the distal portion of the renal tubule (Distal Convoluted Tubule) as well as on the collecting duct and causes the retention of water, but not solute. Hence, ADH activity effectively dilutes the blood (decreasing the concentrations of solutes such as sodium), causing hyponatremia; this is compounded by the fact that the body responds to water retention by decreasing aldosterone, thus allowing even more sodium wasting. For this reason, a high urinary sodium excretion will be seen.

The abnormalities underlying type D syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion concern individuals where vasopressin release and response are normal but where abnormal renal expression and translocation of aquaporin 2, or both are found.

It has been suggested that this is due to abnormalities in the secretion of secretin in the brain and that "Secretin as a neurosecretory hormone from the posterior pituitary, therefore, could be the long-sought vasopressin independent mechanism to solve the riddle that has puzzled clinicians and physiologists for decades." There are no abnormalities in total body sodium metabolism. Hyponatremia and inappropriately concentrated urine (UOsm >100 mOsm/L) are seen

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory findings of low serum osmolality and low serum sodium.

Urinalysis reveals a highly concentrated urine with a high fractional excretion of sodium (high sodium urine content compared to the serum sodium). A suspected diagnosis is based on a serum sodium under 138. A confirmed diagnosis has seven elements: 1) a decreased effective serum osmolality - <275 mOsm/kg of water; 2) urinary sodium concentration high - over 40 mEq/L with adequate dietary salt intake; 3) no recent diuretic usage; 4) no signs of ECF volume depletion or excess; 5) no signs of decreased arterial blood volume - cirrhosis, nephrosis, or congestive heart failure; 6) normal adrenal and thyroid function; and 7) no evidence of hyperglycemia (diabetes mellitus), hypertriglyceridemia, or hyperproteinia (myeloma).

There are nine supplemental features: 1) a low BUN; 2) a low uric acid; 3) a normal creatinine; 4) failure to correct hyponatremia with IV normal saline; 5) successful correction of hyponatremia with fluid restriction; 6) a fractional sodium excretion >1%; 7) a fractional urea excretion >55%; 8) an abnormal water load test; and 9) an elevated plasma AVP.

Differential diagnosis
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the posterior pituitary for a number of physiologic reasons. The majority of people with hyponatremia, other than those with excessive water intake (polydipsia) or renal salt wasting, will have elevated ADH as the cause of their hyponatremia. However, not every person with hyponatremia and elevated ADH has SIADH. One approach to a diagnosis is to divide ADH release into appropriate (not SIADH) or inappropriate (SIADH).

Appropriate ADH release can be a result of hypovolemia, a so-called non-osmotic trigger of ADH release. This may be true hypovolemia, as a result of dehydration with fluid losses replaced by free water. It can also be perceived hypovolemia, as in the conditions of congestive heart failure (CHF) and cirrhosis in which the kidneys perceive a lack of intravascular volume. The hyponatremia caused by appropriate ADH release (from the kidneys' perspective) in both CHF and cirrhosis have been shown to be an independent poor prognostic indicator of mortality.

Appropriate ADH release can also be a result of non-osmotic triggers. Symptoms such as nausea/vomiting and pain are significant causes of ADH release. The combination of osmotic and non-osmotic triggers of ADH release can adequately explain the hyponatremia in the majority of people who are hospitalized with acute illness and are found to have mild to moderate hyponatremia. SIADH is less common than appropriate release of ADH. While it should be considered in a differential, other causes should be considered as well.

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) also presents with hyponatremia, there are signs of dehydration for which reason the management is diametrically opposed to SIADH. Importantly CSWS can be associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) which may require fluid supplementation rather than restriction to prevent brain damage.

Most cases of hyponatremia in children are caused by appropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone rather than SIADH or another cause.

Treatment
Managing SIADH depends on whether symptoms are present, the severity of the hyponatremia, and the duration. Management of SIADH includes:
 * Treating the underlying cause when possible.
 * Mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia is treated with adequate solute intake (including salt and protein) and fluid restriction with fluids (from all sources) restricted to 1-1.5 liters of fluid per day. Long-term fluid restriction may maintain the person in a symptom-free state as well as correcting the hyponatremia, but efficacy is limited by difficulties in patient adherence.
 * Moderate or severe hyponatremia, or hyponatremia with severe symptoms is treated by raising the serum sodium level by 1-2 mmol per liter per hour for the first few hours with a goal of raising levels less than 8-10 mmol per liter in the first 24 hours and 18 mmol per liter in the first 48 hours. Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause central pontine myelinolysis (also known as osmotic demyelination). Sodium correction should be no greater than 10 mEq/L/day, with a correction no greater than 8 mEq/L/day in those at high risk of osmotic demyelination. If overcorrection does occur, a 5% dextrose in water infusion may be given to temporarily lower sodium levels. total of 8 mmol per liter during the first day with the use of furosemide and replacing sodium and potassium losses with 0.9% saline.
 * For people with severe symptoms (severe confusion, convulsions, or coma) hypertonic saline (3%) 1–2 ml/kg IV in 3–4 h may be given.

Medications

 * Demeclocycline can be used in chronic situations when fluid restrictions are difficult to maintain; demeclocycline is the most potent inhibitor of Vasopressin (ADH/AVP) action. However, demeclocycline has a 2–3 day delay in onset with extensive side effect profile, including skin photosensitivity, and nephrotoxicity.
 * Urea: oral daily ingestion has shown favorable long-term results with protective effects in myelinosis and brain damage. Limitations noted to be undesirable taste and is contraindicated in people with cirrhosis to avoid initiation or potentiation of hepatic encephalopathy.
 * Conivaptan – an antagonist of both V1A and V2 vasopressin receptors.
 * Tolvaptan – an antagonist of the vasopressin receptor 2.

Epidemiology
40% of all hospitalized adults aged 65 and older have hyponatremia, with an estimated 25-40% of those cases being due to inappropriate antidiuresis. The incidence of SIADH rises with increasing age with residents of nursing homes being at highest risk.

History
Through medullary lesioning in animals, Jungmann and Meyer from Germany induced polyuria and increased urinary salt excretion in 1913. Water intake restriction did not stop the polyuria, and salt continued to be excreted in the urine despite. .In 1936, McCance defined the consequences of salt depletion in normal human. Patients with extra-renal salt losses complicated by hyponatremia were found to be common-place, and consistent with McCance's description, they excreted urine virtually free of sodium. .In 1950, Sims et al, published their work that suggest observed relation between hyponatremia and pulmonary tuberculosis. Their work suggested that a primary reduction in cellular osmolarity may be the initiating factor in the development of this new syndrome, (later called SIADH). The increased excretion of sodium at subnormal concentrations of this ion in the serum might represent an attempt to reduce extracellular tonicity to conform with a reduced cellular osmolarity. An eosinopenia response to epinephrine and the ability to reduce the excretion of sodium on a regime free of salt aids in differentiating this syndrome from Addison's disease. .Almost a century after the pioneering work of Claude Bernard (1813-1878) in animals, Peters et al, in 1950, reported three patients seen at Yale New Haven Hospital with hyponatremia associated with varying cerebral pathologies and severe dehydration. In each patient, urine sodium losses persisted despite hyponatremia and a high-salt diet. All three patients were unable to prevent urinary sodium loss despite low serum sodium levels and no evidence of extrarenal sodium loss. Their hyponatremia responded to salt therapy. They postulated that this provided evidence of an extra-pituitary cerebral structure mediating normal sodium metabolism but were unsure of its location or mechanism of action. A subsequent paper from the group at Yale attributed hyponatremia in neurologic disease to SIADH. .In 1952, Welt et al, described another six patients with cerebral lesions exhibiting severe clinical dehydration, hyponatremia, a negative sodium balance, but no potassium retention. All responded to sodium chloride administration but administering aldosterone precursor 11-deoxycorticosterone did not reverse renal sodium loss. The authors felt neither pituitary nor adrenal insufficiency was involved, but that direct neural control of renal proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium was disrupted. .In 1953, Leaf et al, demonstrated that exogenous administration of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin resulted in hyponatremia and a natriuresis dependent on water retention and weight gain. This was not “salt wasting”; it was a physiologic response to an expanded intravascular volume. Vasopressin-ADH administration to normal humans was shown to result in water retention and urinary loss of electrolytes (primarily sodium) in other studies at the time. William Schwartz (1922–2009) attended Duke University after serving in the US Army in World War II. He observed that sulfanilamide increased excretion of sodium in patients with heart failure. This observation was the basis for the discovery and development of modern diuretic drugs. Frederic Bartter (1914–1983) worked on hormones affecting the kidney that led to the discovery of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in 1957 and Bartter syndrome in 1963. Schwartz-Bartter syndrome is named after these two scientists. The first reports of hyponatremia and renal sodium loss corrected by fluid restriction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were published by Bartter. At that time, no direct measurement of vasopressin was done. .In sammary, the condition was first described at separate institutions by William Schwartz and Frederic Bartter in two people with lung cancer. Criteria were developed by Schwartz and Bartter in 1967 and have remained unchanged since then.

Society and culture
The condition is occasionally referred to by the names of the authors of the first report: Schwartz-Bartter syndrome. Because not all people with this syndrome have elevated levels of vasopressin, the term "syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis" (SIAD) has been proposed as a more accurate description of this condition.


text:
Debbie Allen

Deborah Kaye Allen (born January 16, 1950) is an American actress, dancer, choreographer, singer, director, producer, and a former member of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities. She has been nominated 20 times for an Emmy Award (winning five), and two Tony Awards. She has won a Golden Globe Award, and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991.

Allen is best known for her work in the musical-drama television series Fame (1982–1987), where she portrayed dance teacher Lydia Grant, and served as the series' principal choreographer. For this role in 1983, she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography and was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Allen later began working as director and producer, most notably producing and directing 83 of 144 episodes of NBC comedy series A Different World (1988–1993). She returned to acting playing the leading role in the NBC sitcom In the House from 1995 to 1996, and in 2011, began playing Dr. Catherine Avery in the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy also serving as an executive producer/director. She has directed more than 50 television and film productions.

In 2001, Allen opened the Debbie Allen Dance Academy in Los Angeles, where she currently teaches young dancers. She also taught choreography to former Los Angeles Lakers dancer-turned-singer, Paula Abdul. She is the younger sister of actress/director/singer Phylicia Rashad.

Early life
Allen was born in Houston, Texas, the third child of orthodontist Andrew Arthur Allen and Pulitzer Prize-nominated artist, poet, playwright, scholar, and publisher, Vivian (née Ayers) Allen. She earned a B.A. degree in classical Greek literature, speech, and theater from Howard University and studied acting at HB Studio in New York City. She was a member of Chi Delta Mu Health Professional Fraternity. She holds honoris causa doctorates from Howard University and the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.

Challenges
Debbie Allen auditioned at the Houston Ballet Academy at the age of twelve but was denied admission. After another chance, she was admitted a year later by a Russian instructor who accidentally saw her perform in a show. Once recruiters from the academy became aware of the situation, they allowed her to stay because they recognized her talent. While at the academy, she trained under Suzelle Poole.

Her experience at the Houston Ballet Academy is not the only time Allen was refused. When she was sixteen, she had a successful audition for the North Carolina School of the Arts and was given an opportunity to demonstrate dance techniques to other prospective students applying to the institution. However, she was refused admission and was told her body was not suited to ballet. After numerous rejections, she decided to focus on her academic studies and was on her way to the start of her acting career.

1970–1981: Early works
Allen began her career appearing on Broadway theatre. Allen had her Broadway debut in the chorus of Purlie in 1970. She later created the role of Beneatha in the Tony Award-winning musical Raisin (1973), and appeared in Truckload, and Ain't Misbehavin'. In 1980, she received critical attention for her performance as Anita in the Broadway revival of West Side Story which earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and won her a Drama Desk Award.

In 1976, Allen made her television debut appearing in the CBS sitcom Good Times in a memorable 2-part episode titled "J.J.'s Fiancée" as J.J.'s drug-addicted fiancée, Diana. The following year, she went to star in the NBC variety show 3 Girls 3. Allen later was selected to appear in the 1979 miniseries Roots: The Next Generations by Alex Haley where she plays the wife of Haley. Also, that year, she made her big screen debut appearing in a supporting role in the comedy film The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh. In 1981, she had the important role of Sarah in the movie version of the best-selling novel Ragtime, a role that earned Audra McDonald a Tony Award for in the Broadway musical.

1982–1987: Fame
In the film Fame (1980), Allen played the role of Lydia Grant. Though the film role was relatively small role, Lydia became a central figure in the television adaptation, which ran from 1982 to 1987. During the opening montage of each episode, Grant told her students: "You've got big dreams? You want fame? Well, fame costs. And right here is where you start paying ... in sweat." Allen was nominated for the Emmy Award for Best Actress four times during the show's run. She is the only actress to have appeared in all three screen incarnations of Fame, playing Lydia Grant in both the 1980 film and 1982 television series and playing the school principal in the 2009 remake. Allen was also lead choreographer for the film and television series, winning two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography and one Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. She became the first Black woman to win a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Television Series—Musical or Comedy.

In 1986, Allen received a second Tony Award nomination, at that time for Best Actress in a Musical, for her performance in the title role of Bob Fosse's Sweet Charity. Also that year, she had a supporting role in the comedy-drama film Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling directed, produced by and starring Richard Pryor.

1988–present
After Fame, Allen focused on working off-camera and as a choreographer. She choreographed the 1988 Broadway adaptation of Stephen King's “Carrie.” Carrie was a collaboration with her fellow “Fame” alumni Michael Gore, Dean Pitchford, and Gene Anthony Ray. The show opened to mixed reviews and closed after only 16 previews and 5 performances.

In an article from the Museum of Broadcast Communications, The Hollywood Reporter commented on Allen's impact as the producer-director of the television series, A Different World. The show dealt with the lives of students at the fictional historically black college, Hillman. The show ran for six seasons on NBC. The Hollywood Reporter is quoted as stating that when Debbie Allen became the producer (and usually director) of A Different World after the first season, she transformed it "from a bland Cosby spin-off into a lively, socially responsible, ensemble situation comedy." She directed a total of 83 episodes.

Allen has released two solo albums, Sweet Charity (1986) and Special Look (1989), which also produced several singles. Also that year, she directed musical film Polly. She later directed crime drama film Out-of-Sync (1995) as well as a number of television films. She choreographed The Academy Awards Show for ten years, six of which were consecutive. In 1995, Allen directed the voice cast and lent her voice to the children's animated series C Bear and Jamal for Film Roman and Fox Kids. That same year, she starred in the NBC sitcom In the House which ran for five seasons. She co-produced the 1997 Steven Spielberg historical drama film Amistad receiving a Producers Guild of America Award.

In 2001, Allen founded the Debbie Allen Dance Academy, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. Since 2007, Allen has participated as a judge and mentor for the U.S. version of So You Think You Can Dance. During Season 4, she stepped aside as a judge at the end of Vegas week to avoid perception of bias, since one of her former dancers, Will, had made it to the top 20.

In 2008, Allen directed the all-African-American Broadway production of Tennessee Williams' Pulitzer Prize-winning drama Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, starring stage veterans James Earl Jones (Big Daddy), her sister Phylicia Rashad (Big Mama) and Anika Noni Rose (Maggie the Cat), as well as film actor Terrence Howard, who made his Broadway debut as Brick. The production, with some roles recast, had a limited run (2009 – April 2010) in London. She also directed and starred in the 2001 play and its television adaptation The Old Settler.

In 2000s and 2010s, Allen directed television shows, including 44 episodes of All of Us, as well as Girlfriends, Everybody Hates Chris, How to Get Away with Murder, Empire, Scandal and Jane the Virgin. In 2011, she joined the cast of ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy playing the role of Dr. Catherine Fox. As of the 12th season, she served as an executive producer. In 2020, she directed the musical film Christmas on the Square starring Dolly Parton for Netflix.

Awards and honors

 * Allen has held the Outstanding Choreography Emmy Award record for most wins and most nominations.
 * Allen was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001 as a member of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities.
 * For her contributions to the television industry, Debbie Allen was honored in 1991 with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6904 Hollywood Boulevard in the center of Hollywood directly opposite the Dolby Theatre at Hollywood & Highland Center.
 * Allen was presented with the George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement, at the 1992 UCLA Spring Sing.
 * Three-time Emmy Award winner for Choreography for the series Fame and The Motown 25th Anniversary Special.
 * 10 Image Awards as a director, actress, choreographer, and producer for Fame, A Different World, Motown 25, The Academy Awards, The Debbie Allen Special and Amistad.
 * On February 4, 2009, Debbie Allen was honored for her contributions to dance and was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Nia Peeples at The Carnival: Choreographer's Ball 10th anniversary show.
 * Allen was awarded an honorary doctorate from the North Carolina School of the Arts, as well as from her alma mater, Howard University.
 * 2020 Kennedy Center Honoree
 * On September 19, 2021, Allen received the Television Academy's 2021 Governors Award at the 73rd Primetime Emmy Awards.

Personal life
Allen is married to former NBA player Norm Nixon; the couple has three children: dancer Vivian Nichole Nixon (who played Kalimba in the Broadway production of Hot Feet) basketball player Norman Ellard Nixon Jr. (Wofford College & Southern University), and DeVaughn Nixon. Allen was previously married to Win Wilford from 1975 to 1983. She is the sister of actress/director/singer Phylicia Rashad (she guest starred in an episode of The Cosby Show & Rashad in an episode of In the House and also Greys Anatomy), Tex Allen (Andrew Arthur Allen III, born 1945), a jazz composer, and Hugh W. Allen, a real estate banker, who appeared on three episodes of A Different World as Quincy Tolleson.

Writer

 * Movement magazine, regular columnist since 2006
 * Dancing in the Wings paperback, by Debbie Allen (Author), Kadir Nelson (Illustrator)

Discography

 * Special Look (1989)

title: Debbie Allen


text:
Talk:The Cat Empire

Name and logo
'' The band's name was created by Felix Riebl's younger brother, Max, and its distinctive cat's eye icon was created by Ian McGill, Ollie McGill's father. ''

Untitled
Hey, I'm pretty sure I remember reading somewhere that Max Riebl was the one who drew Pablo (the cat eye) and called him Cat Empire and that was how it all came about. I have no idea where I read it though. -Char
 * created - wouldn't coined be more apposite? Was the band's name derived from the lead singer's first name? Albatross2147 05:51, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

'They are Also known for Unusualy kind treatment of Their Fans, doing things like sending out Personaly messaged and autographed Postcards to members of Their Volunteer Promotional Teams(Nicknamed the "Street Team") across Australia.'

Isn't this a little personal?
 * *snort* 'nicknamed the street team'... yeah, like every promo team for every band in the world... riana 09:46, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

There seems to be some overlap between here and The Cat Empire (album) -- Chuq 02:00, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Could also put in something about Oli and Harry being members of The Conglomerate (http://www.theconglomerate.com.au/) - Fry

triple j
i haven't listened to any other station in about 5 years, but the hottest 100 poll surely cannot be called 'one of the biggest music polls in the world'. i would delete this, but i'll wait to see if someone can correct me. riana 09:46, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It's by far the most significant music poll in Australia. Where it figures in the world I don't know, maybe you can find out? Stevage 16:57, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Screw it, I'll leave it. It definitely is the biggest poll in Australia, and I suppose that oughta be good enough for the rest of the world =) riana 14:57, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed the comment, It is a point of view, and unnecessary. Ghostieguide 07:21, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It actually IS one of the biggest, if not THE biggest, music poll in the world. I'll try to find some stat that shows this. -- Chuq 08:06, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

9 piece band?
Aren't they better described as a 6 piece band with 3 recurring guest musicians? It's just weird to say they're a nice piece band made up of the following six members...Stevage 20:22, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

The band's website's FAQ says "with six members in the band..." FAQ Page, so I would think that it's better to describe them as Stevage suggests.

Also, while I do not claim to be a complete Cat Empire guru, I always thought they came from Melbourne. What's the deal with Cootamundra? Is this in fact where the band originated? Their FAQ page would seem to suggest they come from Melbourne, but it doesn't specifically say it, so I'm happy to believe that they came from elsewhere, if there's any proof for it. Is there? --Byron Vickers 09:00, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Okay, no-one objected to those suggestions, so I'm going to go ahead and do it. Besides, I'm pretty sure that the reason for its current condition lies behind this edit. The same IP address also did this one, which is similar, albeit slightly more humorous. In light of this, I think it's fine for me to change it back. If anyone has reason for it to be otherwise, do it by all means, but please explain why here. --Byron Vickers 10:50, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Twoshoes.jpg
Image:Twoshoes.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:48, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cat Empire.png
Image:Cat Empire.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 13:50, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Felix Riebl
I'm new to this article, but I came across something strange that may or may not be intentional. Any link for Felix Riebl in this or any other article, as well as being typed in the search box, directs to The Cat Empire and not to Riebl's individual article. If he doesn't have an individual article(which would seem strange to me seeing that background singer Ollie McGill and drummer Will Hull Brown have their own pages), that's fine, but I wish there was one. :( If any Felix Riebl article exists, someone please fix this. Thanks, sorry if I wasted anyone's time. Hyuugamoto (talk) 01:42, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

 * 6 years later... but note WP:NMUSIC which indicates that a stand-alone biography on Felix Riebl is not justified unless he has sufficient solo activity to warrant this. Until there is significantly more sourced content available to support a stand-alone Felix Riebl article, it should redirect here. Dl2000 (talk) 16:42, 1 March 2014 (UTC)
 * linking back here is generally problematic. the word should not be wikilinked in this article. -- TRPoD aka The Red Pen of Doom  16:53, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

logo
can someone explain how their logo was developed and when? --74.179.116.216 (talk) 12:46, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

Recent edits
I've recently added information to this article, including a number of references, and removed some material (especially from last prose section) even though it had references: some were fan blogs speculating about the Cinema album.

I believe the article still has problems. Two main ones are:
 * 1) Guest musicians list: is this really necessary? It seems to be over-kill. I've adjusted its formatting into two columns but it is still difficult to read.
 * 2) Other releases, Bootlegs, and Live website releases: shouldn't only official releases be listed? Again, this seems to be over-kill.

I've left these in the article as I would like another opinion on whether they should remain.shaidar cuebiyar (talk) 14:48, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't think the majority of the guest musician section is necessary at all, especially since most of it is unsourced (please revert me if you disagree). I'm not going to just remove it all, because I'm not familiar enough with the subject to say what parts are notable not (in particular the Empire Horns, Strings, and Dancers).
 * I have created The Cat Empire discography and moved the bulk of the information over there. I'm not sure about the info on extraneous releases—I think it's fine for now, as it isn't as obviously petty (to me) now that it is off on it's own page.
 * Nice work, this article is looking much better. —Akrabbimtalk 14:09, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

New Charity Album?
Not sure whether it is needed here or not, but The Cat Empire recently released a Charity Album 'Asylum' consisting of unreleased tracks from The Cat Empire as well as side projects and solo releases. A website for the album has been set up at http://www.tunesforchange.org/. Anyone think this might be worth adding here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.169.72.57 (talk) 10:29, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

Cite Errors
I am not good at Wikipedia citations, but I have noticed that in the references section there are cite errors listed in bold red font. Might be worthwhile to fix it. It could be only my browser (Chrome) rendering the page incorrectly, but I'd doubt it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.169.72.57 (talk) 10:37, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Pictures
There are some pictures from 2011 at the wrong place. --Fan-vom-Wiki (talk) 20:33, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Cat Empire


text:
Spirit Caravan

Spirit Caravan was an American doom metal / stoner rock band featuring guitarist and vocalist Scott "Wino" Weinrich.

Biography
Scott "Wino" Weinrich formed Spirit Caravan after the breakup of The Obsessed. The remainder of the band consisted of Dave Sherman (formerly of Wretched) on bass and vocals; and Gary Isom (formerly of Unorthodox) on drums. Weinrich credits them for encouraging him to join the band and become active musically again, after he had abandoned his music career. The band was originally entitled Shine, and they released a demo and 7" under this name. They were forced to change to the band's name when another band of the same name threatened legal action. They changed their name to Spirit Caravan, after an Obsessed song. The band had a lyrical emphasis on spirituality (though not necessarily religion) and global politics. The band split up in 2002 but have reunited for US tour dates and European festival appearances in 2014.

After the band's demise, Weinrich joined Place of Skulls and founded The Hidden Hand. After The Hidden Hand's demise in 2007, Weinrich rejoined the reactivated Saint Vitus. Sherman went on to found the band Earthride. Isom joined Internal Void, Pentagram, Valkyrie and Nitroseed.

Their song "Dove-Tongued Aggressor" was featured on the soundtrack for the 2005 video game Tony Hawk's American Wasteland.

Numerous songs by Spirit Caravan were also recorded as songs for The Obsessed. "Kill Ugly Naked" from Jug Fulla Sun appears on various demos and live recordings along with the "Incarnate" compilation. "Fear's Machine" from Jug Fulla Sun was originally written for the Obsessed and appears on the "Incarnate" compilation. "Melancholy Grey" from Jug Fulla Sun was written in the same sessions as 1994's "The Church Within" and appears on the 2013 reissue of that album. "Higher Power" from Dreamwheel appears on the Obsessed's 1982 demo. "Spirit Caravan" from Elusive Truth appears on "Incarnate". "Lifer City" from Elusive Truth appears on various demos and the unreleased Obsessed LP sent to Metal Blade.

Former Obsessed drummer Ed Gulli joined Spirit Caravan on drums for the Maryland Doom Fest in June 2015. He was replaced in 2016 by drummer Brian Costantino.

Wino announced in 2016 that Spirit Caravan would become the new lineup of The Obsessed.

Members

 * Scott "Wino" Weinrich – guitar and vocals (1996–2002, 2014–present)
 * Brian Costantino – drums (2016–present)

Former members

 * Gary Isom – drums (1996–2002)
 * Ed Gulli – drums (2015)
 * Dave Sherman - bass and vocals (1996–2002, 2014–2022); died 2022

Live musicians

 * Henry Vasquez from Blood of the Sun and Saint Vitus – drums (2014)

Albums

 * Jug Fulla Sun CD (1999 Tolotta Records)
 * Elusive Truth CD/LP (2001 Tolotta Records)

EPs

 * "Lost Sun Dance" 7" (as Shine) (1998 Tolotta Records)
 * Dreamwheel CDEP/10"EP (1999 MeteorCity Records)
 * "Darkness and Longing" 7" split with Sixty Watt Shaman (1999 Tee Pee Records)
 * "So Mortal Be" 7" (2002 Tolotta Records)

Compilations

 * The Last Embrace 2xCD/2xLP (2004 MeteorCity Records)

Compilation appearances

 * "Lost Sun Dance" (as Shine) on Stoned Revolution – The Ultimate Trip CD/2LP (1998 Drunken Maria Records)
 * "Powertime" (as Shine) on Metal Injection CD (1998 Bad Posture Records)
 * "The Departure" on Rise 13 CD (1999 Rise Above Records)
 * "Wicked World" on Sucking the 70's 2CD (2002 Small Stone Records)
 * "Dove-Tongued Aggressor", "No Hope Goat Farm", and "Re-Alignment/Higher Power" on ...And Back to Earth Again 3CD (2007 MeteorCity Records)

title: Spirit Caravan


text:
Santa Anita metro station

Santa Anita is a station on the Mexico City Metro. Located in Mexico City's Iztacalco borough, the station is the current terminal of Line 4.

General information
The station logo depicts a man sailing a canoe. This is because in the early 20th century, in the area where the station now stands, was the Santa Anita canal – a place used for chinampa-based agriculture. Today the canal has long since vanished, but the name Santa Anita is still used by the surrounding neighborhood.

Metro Line 4 was originally projected to end in the Villa Coapa neighborhood, in the southern borough of Coyoacán. Since the inauguration of Line B, however, no more lines have been constructed or extended, so Metro Santa Anita – and other stations, such as Metro Barranca del Muerto – officially remain provisional terminals. Metro Santa Anita is the least busy station on the Mexico City Metro, with only 621,867 passenger boardings in 2008.

Santa Anita was originally to be named "Plutarco E. Calles", in honor of President Plutarco Elías Calles, according to early plans for Line 4.

Line 4

 * Avenida Congreso de la Unión between Canal Nacional street and Viaducto Miguel Alemán, Colonia Santa Anita

Line 8

 * East: Avenida Coyuya and Viaducto Miguel Alemán, Colonia Santa Anita
 * West: Avenida Coyuya and Viaducto Miguel Alemán, Colonia Santa Anita

title: Santa Anita metro station


text:
Silicon Knights

Silicon Knights was a Canadian video game developer. Founded in 1992 by Denis Dyack, the company was headquartered in St. Catharines, Ontario. They started developing for computers such as the Atari ST and IBM PC compatibles. After 1996, they moved to console titles.

Dyack left Silicon Knights to form a new game studio, Precursor Games, after the loss of a court case against Epic Games over the game engine Unreal Engine 3. Epic Games won the case and a counter-suit for $4.45 million on grounds of copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and breach of contract. Following the case, Silicon Knights filed for bankruptcy on May 16, 2014.

Released
Silicon Knights' first games were real-time strategy/action hybrids for computers. Silicon Knights' last PC game, Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain was published in 1996. Since that time, Silicon Knights moved from creating PC games to console titles. In 2000, Silicon Knights was signed by Nintendo to create games exclusively for its consoles, during which time it produced Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem. Together with Nintendo, Silicon Knights worked with Konami to create Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes. In 2004, the company ended exclusivity with Nintendo. In 2005, it partnered with publisher Microsoft Game Studios for Too Human, though Nintendo still owned stock in the company. In 2008, the company released Too Human, which was published by Microsoft for the Xbox 360. The final game developed by the company, X-Men: Destiny, was released on September 2011 for multiple console platforms.

Canceled
Canceled games included Silent Hill: The Box (later known as just The Box and The Ritualyst), Too Human 2 (Too Human: Rise of the Giants), Too Human 3, Eternal Darkness 2, and the little-known projects Siren in the Maelstrom, The Sandman and King's Quest (not to be confused with the Sierra series).

Founding of Eight
Silicon Knights was a strong proponent of collaboration with academia and was a key player in the formation of Eight. Eight: The Hamilton Institute for Interactive Digital Media is a collaboration between Silicon Knights, McMaster University, the Art Gallery of Hamilton (AGH) and Mohawk College to create a novel academic and research model around interactive digital media and will help pioneer and shape cutting-edge advances in the interactive entertainment arena.

Lawsuit with Epic Games
On July 19, 2007, Silicon Knights sued Epic Games for failure to "provide a working game engine", causing the Ontario-based game developer to "experience considerable losses." The suit alleged that Epic Games was "sabotaging" Unreal Engine 3 licensees. Epic's licensing document stated that a working version of the engine would be available within six months of the Xbox 360 developer kits being released. Silicon Knights claimed that Epic not only missed this deadline, but that when a working version of the engine was eventually released, the documentation was insufficient. The game studio also claimed Epic had withheld vital improvements to the game engine, claiming they were "game specific", while also using licensing fees to fund development of its own titles rather than the engine itself.

In August 2007, Epic Games counter-sued Silicon Knights, alleging the studio was aware when it signed on that certain features of Unreal Engine 3 were still in development and that components would continue to be developed and added as Epic completed work on Gears of War. Therefore, in a statement, Epic said that "SK knew when it committed to the licensing agreement that Unreal Engine 3 may not meet its requirements and may not be modified to meet them." Additionally, the counter-suit claimed that Silicon Knights had "made unauthorized use of Epic's Licensed Technology" and had "infringed and otherwise violated Epic's intellectual property rights, including Epic's copyrighted works, trade secrets, know how and confidential information" by incorporating Unreal Engine 3 code into its own engine. Furthermore, Epic claimed the Canadian developer broke the contract by employing this derivative work in an internal title and a second game with Sega, a partnership for which it never received a license fee.

On May 30, 2012, Epic Games prevailed against Silicon Knights' lawsuit, and won its counter-suit for $4.45 million on grounds of copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and breach of contract, an injury award that was later doubled due to prejudgment interest, attorneys' fees and costs. Consistent with Epic's counterclaims, the presiding judge, James C. Dever III, stated that Silicon Knights had "deliberately and repeatedly copied thousands of lines of Epic Games' copyrighted code, and then attempted to conceal its wrongdoing by removing Epic Games' copyright notices and by disguising Epic Games' copyrighted code as Silicon Knights' own." Evidence against Silicon Knights was "overwhelming", said Dever, as it not only copied functional code but also "non-functional, internal comments Epic Games' programmers had left for themselves."

As a result, on November 7, 2012, Silicon Knights was directed by the court to destroy all game code derived from Unreal Engine 3 and all information from licensee-restricted areas of Epic's Unreal Engine documentation website, and to permit Epic Games access to the company's servers and other devices to ensure these items had been removed. In addition, the studio was instructed to recall and destroy all unsold retail copies of games built with Unreal Engine 3 code, including Too Human, X-Men Destiny, The Sandman, The Box/Ritualyst, and Siren in the Maelstrom (the latter three titles were projects never released, or even officially announced).

Talking to IGN in 2019, Dyack expressed regrets over the lawsuit not just because of the loss but also the fact he underestimated the amount of time it took to settle the litigation. Had he known then, Dyack said he would have reconsidered pursuing the lawsuit.

Provincial
In February 2008, Silicon Knights was granted $500,000 by the Ontario Media Development Corporation (OMDC) through its Video Game Prototype Initiative. Using this funding, they were to create a prototype for a "third-person action/psychological thriller".

Federal
In April 2010, it was announced that the company would receive nearly $4 million through the Canadian government's Community Adjustment Fund. The purpose of the loan was to allow the hiring of 65 new staff members, who would be working on a new game targeting multiple platforms. The game was estimated to take two to five years to complete.

Provincial
In July 2011, Silicon Knights was awarded $2.5 million to be distributed over five years in provincial funding to improve its technology, create new products and become a self-publishing company. The investment would supposedly have allowed the company to improve its technology, hire 80 new people while keeping 97 current jobs and allow the company to become "self sustaining." As of November 2011, Silicon Knights had not received any of this funding.

Filing for bankruptcy
On May 16, 2014, following the loss of the court case, Silicon Knights filed for bankruptcy and a Certificate of Appointment was issued by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, with Collins Barrow Toronto Limited being appointed as Trustee in Bankruptcy.

title: Silicon Knights


text:
Category:Nintendo people

People affiliated or previously affiliated with Nintendo.

title: Category:Nintendo people


text: Category:Criminology

title: Category:Criminology


text:
Category:Patrol boats

This is the category of patrol boats.

title: Category:Patrol boats


text:
Category:Scattering

This category is for scattering studied in particle physics.

For light scattering, see category: Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics).

title: Category:Scattering


text:
Sátoraljaújhely

Sátoraljaújhely (archaic Neustadt am Zeltberg ; Nové Mesto pod Šiatrom; איהעל, or אוהעלי) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary along the Slovak border. It is 82 km east from the county capital Miskolc.

History
Sátor-alja (meaning "under the tent", referring to the tent-shaped mountain nearby) was a settlement from the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin until it was destroyed during the First Mongol invasion of Hungary. It was rebuilt in the 13th century, although there was disagreement among the citizens concerning the name: some wanted to keep the original name, and some wanted to rename it új hely ("new place"). Sátoraljaújhely was granted town status in 1261 by King Stephen V, and a castle was also built around that time.

Sátoraljaújhely has often played an important role in the region's history: revolts against Habsburg rule began there in the 17th and 18th centuries. After the Revolution of 1848, Sátoraljaújhely developed rapidly owing to its location close to important trade routes leading to Poland, Ruthenia, and Transylvania. The town's light industry led to it becoming the capital of the comitatus (county) of Zemplén in the 17th century.

Sátoraljaújhely has always been an important town in culture. Ferenc Kazinczy, one of the reformers of the Hungarian language, lived here in the 18th century. At the turn of the 20th century the town was home to a small but important Jewish community: some 4,500 of the town's 13,000 residents were Jewish. The community counted among its members Moses Teitelbaum and Michael Heilprin.

Under the Treaty of Trianon, Hungary lost its northern territories. The border was set at the Ronyva stream, splitting the city into two parts. One-fifth of the population and one-fourth of the territory of the town became part of Czechoslovakia. The newly created village got the name of Slovenské Nové Mesto ("Slovak new town") in Slovak; Szlovákújhely ("Slovak new town") or Kisújhely ("Little new town") in Hungarian. Two railway lines and the industrial zone were lost to Hungary. The town's industry was being rebuilt during the interwar period, but the outbreak of World War II disrupted this development. Nazi repression, continuous bombing after 1943, the killing of most of its Jewish population (most were forcibly sent to Auschwitz) and finally the Soviet occupation left the town in a very poor condition.

During the reorganisation of administration in 1950, the former comitatus of Zemplén became part of the united Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, and Sátoraljaújhely lost its county capital status.

Sátoraljaújhely was rebuilt again and is today a national ski centre and tourism destination.

Jewish history
Historically, Újhely (Sátoraljaújhely) belonged to the county of Zemplin. Documents show that in 1734 Jews were living at Sátoraljaújhely and that they were allowed to acquire real estate. It is evident that the community was then increasing; for 10 years later the Jews possessed a school which in 1829 received a bequest of 260,000 florins from Martin Raphael Kästenbaum, and which was thenceforth known by his name.

The oldest tombstone bears date of 1760, although the ḥebra ḳaddisha, with which was connected to a hospital, was not established until 1772, its founder being an itinerant rabbi named Naphtali Hirsch. The first ḥebrabook has a drawing on its title-page representing the last rites.

A synagogue was built at Sátoraljaújhely in 1790; and when it was demolished in 1887, to be replaced by a new house of worship, it was found to have 8 subterranean chambers, which probably served as safe hiding rooms from local antisemitic pogroms. The oldest document of the community is dated 1831, during the rabbinate of Moses Teitelbaum, of whom the story is told that Lajos Kossuth, afterward leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, when suffering from an infantile sickness, was brought to him, and that the rabbi blessed the child and, referring to the word "ḳosheṭ" in Psalm lx. 6 (A. V. 4), prophesied his future greatness. Teitelbaum died in 1841, and was succeeded by his grandson Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum, who in about year 1848 went to Gorlice.

Jeremiah Löw was then appointed rabbi of Ujhely. Löw, who was one of the leaders of the Orthodox party, was succeeded by the chief rabbi, Koloman Weisz, and the preacher Isidor Goldberger. Michael Heilprin, who acted as secretary to Minister Bertalan Szemere in 1848, was, prior to the Revolution, a teacher in the Jewish school of Ujhely.

The Jews of the city in 1905 numbered 4,500 out of a total population of 13,000.

Tourist sights

 * Historical downtown (with an atmosphere of 19th-century towns)
 * Main Church and Comitatus Fountain at the town square
 * Wine Church, the only known church in Hungary not owned by any denomination, as it was used to store wine in past centuries.
 * Ferenc Kazinczy Mausoleum
 * Ferenc Kazinczy Museum
 * Waldbott-villa
 * Baroque town hall, a Renaissance building of the former Zemplén comitatus where Ferenc Kazinczy worked.
 * Former Financial Palace, a mark of the town's great economic importance in the 19th and the early 20th century.
 * Abandoned synagogue cemetery - Sátoraljaújhely was once home to Hungary's second-largest Jewish community.
 * Tomb of Rabbi Moses Teitelbaum
 * Chairlift

Notable people

 * Gyula Andrássy, prime minister
 * Lillian Cahn, co-founder of Coach, Inc. and Coach handbag designer
 * Ferenc Kazinczy, writer
 * Lajos Kossuth, governor
 * Angelo Heilprin, naturalist
 * Moshe Teitelbaum, famous rebbe
 * Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (I), rebbe
 * Katalin Vad, pornographic actress
 * Benjamin Wolf Löw, rabbi
 * Lou Lenart, American-Israeli fighter pilot, film producer, and basketball team manager
 * rebbes of the Ujhel-Siget, Ujhel (Teitelbaum family of Galician origin)

Nationalities

 * Hungarian 90.91%
 * Romani 6.37%
 * Slovak 1.21%
 * German 0.96%
 * Other 0.55%

Twin towns – sister cities
Sátoraljaújhely is twinned with:
 * 🇵🇱 Krosno, Poland (2006)

 * 🇵🇱 Opole Lubelskie, Poland (2003)
 * 🇷🇴 Sărățeni, Romania
 * 🇬🇷 Sindos, Greece (2000)
 * Waadhoeke, Netherlands (1991)

title: Sátoraljaújhely


text:
User talk:Vanvlitp

Hi Vanvlitp, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

-- T.P.K. 02:15, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Please tag image
Please tag Image:RedOakTreeTrunk.JPG. To do that, edit the image description page and add the text " " to it. — David Remahl 19:04, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Very beautiful image, btw! — David Remahl 19:38, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vanvlitp


text: File:Abbamovieposter.jpg

title: File:Abbamovieposter.jpg


text:
Sabine Ulibarrí

Sabine Reyes Ulibarrí (September 21, 1919 – January 4, 2003) was an American poet. He was also a teacher, a writer, a critic, and a statesman. Ulibarrí was born in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico.

Sabine Ulibarrí served in World War II with the U.S. Army Air Forces. He was decorated for his valor during the war with two medals, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal. After the war he continued his studies at the University of New Mexico where he received his Master's in Spanish. After teaching for a few years at UNM he enrolled in the University of California, Los Angeles where he worked on his doctorate in Spanish literature. After receiving his doctorate in 1958 from UCLA he returned to the University of New Mexico and taught Spanish and Spanish-American literature until he retired in 1982.

Sabine Ulibarri is known widely for his use of language when crafting his stories, and the use of details of rural New Mexican Spanish and Native American life. His stories are considered some of the earliest roots in modern Hispano Literature taking shape both in Spanish and English. His books, Mi Abuela Fumaba Puros (My Grandmother Smoked Cigars)' and 'Mi Caballo Mago (My Wonder Horse)' and 'Tierra Amarilla: and other stories' are considered by many native New Mexican writers as quintessential examples of modern Hispanic literature and have inspired countless young Hispanics to become writers and educators.

Some argue that Sabine Ulibarri—alongside Rudolfo Anaya – was one of the great thinkers of modern Hispanic literature who was grounded in what would be termed the 'old ways.' He was able to recollect for younger Hispanos a sense of place and enlighten them with stories of the difficulties of living in Tierra Amarilla, a town which became famous during the Tierra Amarilla Court House raid. It is not known if any of Ulibarri's family or friends were involved in such contentious moments in New Mexican history. Sabine Ulibarri could be credited with highlighting the struggle of traditional values versus modern American law and policies such as 'manifest destiny' and how these concepts began eroding more than 500 years of agricultural and spiritual-based traditional lifestyles of northern New Mexico. He framed the conflict eloquently in his prose without ever digressing into political dissertation.

The University of New Mexico named the Sabine Ulibarrí Spanish as a Heritage Language (SUSHL) Program for him. María Dolores Gonzales, a colleague of Ulibarrí's in the Spanish department at UNM, ran the program for 12 years and expanded it.

title: Sabine Ulibarrí


text: Talk:Debate

title: Talk:Debate