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Avenged Sevenfold

Avenged Sevenfold (abbreviated as A7X) is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. The band's current lineup consists of vocalist M. Shadows, rhythm guitarist Zacky Vengeance, lead guitarist Synyster Gates, bassist Johnny Christ, and drummer Brooks Wackerman.

Avenged Sevenfold are known for their diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise. The band emerged with a metalcore sound on their debut album Sounding the Seventh Trumpet and largely continued this sound through their second album Waking the Fallen. The band's style had evolved by their third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a more traditional heavy metal style. The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their founding drummer, Jimmy "The Rev" Sullivan, died in 2009. Despite his death, Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of Dream Theater member Mike Portnoy, and released and toured in support of their fifth album Nightmare in 2010, which debuted atop the Billboard 200, their first number one debut.

In 2011, drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording. The band's sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Ilejay. It would feature a heavy metal and hard rock style, with it being written as a tribute to their influences. Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts. Ilejay left the band in late 2014 and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman, but the lineup change was not announced to the public until 2015. The band then surprise-released their seventh studio album The Stage in October 2016, which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. The Stage is their first conceptual album and marked another stylistic change for the band, moving towards a progressive metal sound. The band released their eighth studio album, Life Is But a Dream..., a highly experimental record, in June 2023.

To date, Avenged Sevenfold have released eight studio albums, one live album/DVD, two compilation albums and eighteen singles and have sold over 8 million albums worldwide, and their records have received numerous certification awards, including five platinum album awards from their home country's institution (RIAA). They have also created four original songs for the Call of Duty: Black Ops series, all of which were compiled together in the 2018 EP Black Reign. The band were ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time.

Formation and Sounding the Seventh Trumpet (1999–2002)
Avenged Sevenfold was formed in 1999 in Huntington Beach, California by Matt Sanders, James Sullivan, Zachary Baker and Matt Wendt. Although they are not a religious band, Sanders came up with the name as a reference to the story of Cain and Abel from the Bible, which can be found in Genesis 4:24. All four members already had experience performing in bands, with Sanders being the vocalist and Wendt the bassist for the punk band Successful Failure, Baker playing guitar in the punk bands Society Down and MPA (short for Mad Porn Action/Addiction), and Sullivan being the drummer for the ska band Suburban Legends (formerly known as Bomb Squad).

Avenged Sevenfold's first creative output was a three-song-demo recorded in October 1999 at the A-Room Studios in Orange County, California. The band played their first show at the Walnut, California City Hall on February 11, 2000. Around this time, they were asked by Sadistic Records to contribute to two compilations, so the band recorded two new songs and released them along with the previously recorded songs on a second demo. They sent this demo to the Belgian label Good Life Recordings and were subsequently signed. Afterwards, the band participated in another two compilation albums, their label's GoodLife 4 and Novocaine Records' Scrape III compilations. Around this time, Matt Wendt left for college and Justin Meacham, the previous bassist of Suburban Legends, joined Avenged Sevenfold. In late 2000, the foursome took on their initial stage names – M. Shadows, Zacky Vengeance, Justin Sane and The Rev – and recorded their debut album, Sounding the Seventh Trumpet. In early 2001, lead guitarist and old friend Synyster Gates joined the band and they re-recorded the introductory track "To End the Rapture" for the album's lead-single/EP, Warmness on the Soul, released in April 2001. Although their debut album's release was initially planned for the same month, it was pushed back multiple times and eventually released on July 24, 2001, on Good Life Recordings.

Around August 2001, Meacham attempted suicide by drinking excessive amounts of cough syrup. This event was the reason for Avenged Sevenfold to join the Take Action Tour in 2003. During Meacham's hospitalization, he remained in poor condition and had to leave the band. In an interview, lead singer M. Shadows said of Meacham that "he perma-fried his brain and was in a mental institution for a long time, and when you have someone in your band who does that, it ruins everything that's going on all around you, and it makes you want to do something to prevent it from happening to other people." His replacement was Frank Melcom, stage name Dameon Ash, who performed with the band for the following months, but does not appear on any releases.

On January 18, 2002, Avenged Sevenfold left Good Life Recordings and signed with Hopeless Records. They re-released their debut album on March 19 and also appeared on the Hopelessly Devoted To You Vol. 4 sampler in April. The band started to receive recognition, performing with bands such as Mushroomhead and Shadows Fall. They spent the year touring in support of their debut album and participated in the Vans Warped Tour. In September, Dameon Ash left Avenged Sevenfold and their current bassist Johnny Christ joined them, completing their best known line-up.

Waking the Fallen and City of Evil (2003–2005)
Having found a new bassist, the group released their second studio album titled Waking the Fallen on Hopeless Records in August 2003. The album featured a more refined and mature sound production in comparison to their previous album. The band received profiles in Billboard and The Boston Globe, and again played on the Vans Warped and Take Action tours. Shortly after the release of Waking the Fallen, Avenged Sevenfold left Hopeless Records and were officially signed to Warner Bros. Records on November 1, 2003. In 2004, Avenged Sevenfold toured again on the Vans Warped Tour and recorded a video for their song "Unholy Confessions" which went into rotation on MTV2's Headbangers Ball.

City of Evil, the band's third album and major label debut, was released on June 6, 2005, and debuted at No. 30 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling over 30,000 copies in its first week of release. It utilized a more classic metal sound than Avenged Sevenfold's previous albums, which had been grouped into the metalcore genre. The album is also notable for the absence of screamed and growled vocals; M. Shadows worked with vocal coach Ron Anderson—whose clients have included Axl Rose and Chris Cornell—for months before the album's release to achieve a sound that had "grit while still having the tone". The album received positive reviews from several magazines and websites and is credited for propelling the band into international popularity.

Avenged Sevenfold (2006–2008)
After playing Ozzfest in 2006, Avenged Sevenfold memorably beat out R&B Singers Rihanna and Chris Brown, Panic! at the Disco, Angels & Airwaves and James Blunt for the title of Best New Artist at the MTV Video Music Awards, thanks in part to their Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas-inspired song "Bat Country." They returned to the Vans Warped Tour, this time headlining and then continued on their own "Cities of Evil Tour." In addition, their lead single "Bat Country" reached No. 2 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Charts, No.6 on the Billboard Modern Rock Charts and the accompanying video made it to No. 1 on MTV's Total Request Live. Propelled by this success, the album sold well and became Avenged Sevenfold's first Gold record. It was later certified platinum in August 2009. Avenged Sevenfold was invited to join Ozzfest tour on the main stage, alongside other well known rock/heavy metal acts such as DragonForce, Lacuna Coil, Hatebreed, Disturbed and System of a Down for the first time in 2006. That same year they also completed a worldwide tour, including the US, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. After a sixteen-month promotion of City of Evil, the band announced that they were cancelling their Fall 2006 tour to record new music. In the interim, the band released their first DVD titled All Excess on July 17, 2007. All Excess, which debuted as the No. 1 DVD in the US, included live performances and backstage footage that spanned the band's eight-year career. Two tribute albums, Strung Out on Avenged Sevenfold: Bat Wings and Broken Strings and Strung Out on Avenged Sevenfold: The String Tribute were also released in October 2007.

On October 30, 2007, Avenged Sevenfold released their self-titled album, the band's fourth studio album. It debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 with over 90,000 copies sold. Two singles, "Critical Acclaim" and "Almost Easy" were released prior to the album's debut. In December 2007, an animated video was made for "A Little Piece of Heaven". Due to the song's controversial subject matter, however, Warner Brothers only released it to registered MVI users over the internet. The third single, "Afterlife" and its video was released in January 2008. Their fourth single, "Dear God", was released on June 15, 2008. Although critical reception was generally mixed the self-titled album went on to sell over 500,000 copies and was awarded "Album of the Year" at the Kerrang! Awards.

Avenged Sevenfold headlined the 2008 Taste of Chaos tour with Atreyu, Bullet for My Valentine, Blessthefall and Idiot Pilot. Footage from their last show in Long Beach was used for the band's next release, Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough, released on September 16, 2008. Its content includes live DVD from their performance at Long Beach, and a CD containing B-sides from Avenged Sevenfold, and other rarities, such as covers from Pantera's "Walk" and Iron Maiden's "Flash of the Blade".

Death of The Rev and Nightmare (2009–2011)
In January 2009, M. Shadows confirmed that the band was writing the follow-up to their self-titled fourth album within the upcoming months. They also played at Rock on the Range, from May 16–17, 2009. On April 16, they performed a version of Guns N' Roses' "It's So Easy" onstage with Slash, at the Nokia Theater in Los Angeles. On December 28, 2009, the band's drummer James "The Rev" Sullivan was found dead at his home at the age of 28. Autopsy results were inconclusive, but on June 9, 2010, the cause of death was revealed to have been an "acute polydrug intoxication due to combined effects of Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Diazepam/Nordiazepam and ethanol". In a statement by the band, they expressed their grief over the death of The Rev and later posted a message from Sullivan's family which expressed their gratitude to his fans for their support. The band members admitted in a number of interviews that they considered disbanding at this point in time. However, on February 17, 2010, Avenged Sevenfold stated that they had entered the studio, along with Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy, to drum for the album, in place of The Rev.

The single "Nightmare" was digitally released on May 18, 2010. The song was leaked on May 6, 2010, on Amazon.com, but was removed soon after. Mixing for the album had been completed in New York City, and Nightmare was finally released on July 27, 2010, in the United States. It met with mixed to positive reviews from music critics but was well received by the fans. Nightmare beat sales projections easily, debuting at number one on the Billboard 200 with sales of 163,000 units in its first week. After finishing recording, in December, Portnoy and the band posted simultaneous statements on their websites stating that he would not be their replacement for The Rev. However, Portnoy did travel with the band overseas in December 2010 for three shows in Iraq and Kuwait sponsored by the USO. They played for U.S. Soldiers at Camp Adder, Camp Beuhring, and Balad Air Base. On January 20, 2011, Avenged Sevenfold announced via Facebook that former Confide drummer Arin Ilejay would begin touring with them that year. He was not yet considered a full-time member at this point.

Avenged Sevenfold performed at the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals on June 3–5, 2011 alongside other bands such as Alter Bridge, System of a Down, and In Flames. In April 2011, the band headlined the Golden God Awards held by Metal Hammer. The same night the band won three awards for "Best Vocalist" (M. Shadows), "Epiphone Best Guitarist(s)" (Synyster Gates and Zacky Vengeance), and "Affliction's Album of The Year" for Nightmare, while Mike Portnoy won the award for "Drum Workshop's Best Drummer" for his work on the album.

Avenged Sevenfold headlined the 2011 Uproar Festival with supporting acts Three Days Grace, Seether, Bullet for My Valentine, Escape the Fate, among others. In November and December 2011, the band went on their "Buried Alive" tour with supporting acts Hollywood Undead, Asking Alexandria, and Black Veil Brides.

Hail to the King and Waking the Fallen: Resurrected (2012–2014)
On April 11, 2012, Avenged Sevenfold won the award for "Best Live Band" and "Most Dedicated Fans" at the Revolver Golden Gods awards. The band toured through Asia into April and early May, and played at the Orion Music + More, Festival on June 23 and 24 in Atlantic City, New Jersey alongside Metallica and Cage the Elephant among many others.

On September 24, 2012, Avenged Sevenfold released a new song, titled "Carry On"; it was featured in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops II. On November 15, 2012, vocalist M. Shadows said that the band had been working on a new album since the recording of "Carry On" in August 2012. The band began recording material for the album in January 2013. The band then started streaming snippets of the album in May 2013 on their new radio app. There, Arin Ilejay was confirmed as an official band member and replacement of deceased The Rev. M. Shadows said that the album would sound more blues rock-influenced and more like classic rock/metal like Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin.

The band was confirmed to play at the 2013 Rock in Rio festival on September 22, 2013. On May 24, 2013, the band have announced dates for their European tour with Five Finger Death Punch and Device serving as their support bands.

The album, entitled Hail to the King, was released on August 23, 2013. This is the first Avenged Sevenfold album without any musical contributions from late drummer, The Rev. The album's lead single and title track was released on July 15, 2013. Hail to the King charted as No. 1 on the US Billboard 200, the UK albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts, and was commercially and critically acclaimed. The band headlined Monster Energy's Welcome to Rockville two-day music festival in Jacksonville, Florida, April 26–27, 2014, joined by more than 25 rock acts, such as Motörhead, Rob Zombie, Chevelle, Korn, Staind, Alter Bridge, The Cult, Five Finger Death Punch, Volbeat, Black Label Society, and Seether. On June 13, the band headlined the Friday night of Download Festival 2014. The band also headlined the Mayhem Festival 2014 with Korn, Asking Alexandria, and Trivium.

In March 2014, vocalist M. Shadows revealed in an interview with Loudwire that the band had plans in the works to put something out for the overdue 10th anniversary of Waking the Fallen. Waking the Fallen: Resurrected was released August 25, 2014. The reissue charted No. 10 on the US Billboard 200.

Drummer change and The Stage (2015–2017)
In October 2014, M. Shadows confirmed that the band would begin writing their seventh album during mid-2015.

In July 2015 the band announced on their website that they would part ways with drummer Arin Ilejay, due to "creative differences". In October 2015, the band announced on their website that they had been working with a new drummer for over a year, making sure that it was a good fit before making sudden changes. On October 21, in an interview with Kerrang! magazine, guitarist Zacky Vengeance revealed that the band had been working on the new album for the past couple of months and that a couple of songs had already been completely written. On November 4, 2015, the band announced that Brooks Wackerman would replace Arin Ilejay as the drummer for Avenged Sevenfold. In an interview with Kerrang! magazine on December 3, guitarist Zacky Vengeance said that the new album went in all sorts of aggressive and melodic directions and described it as very "aggro".

On January 14, 2016, Billboard reported that Avenged Sevenfold had been sued by Warner Bros. for trying to leave the label. The band later released a statement clarifying that they wanted to leave because a majority of the executives who helped sign the band to Warner Bros were no longer at the label. They also revealed that the band was going to be entering the studio to record their new album very soon, intending to release it later in 2016. On March 31, the band posted a teaser of their upcoming album on their website.

On August 18, 2016, the band performed a free live show for 1500 people in Minnesota, marking it the first live performance with new drummer Brooks Wackerman. The band was announced as support for Metallica with Volbeat in the U.S. Bank Stadium on August 20, 2016, making it the first ever rock show in the stadium. The band was announced as a headliner of Monster Energy Rock Allegiance 2016, along with Alice in Chains, Slayer, The Offspring, Breaking Benjamin and others. Avenged Sevenfold also performed on "Louder Than Life" festival as headliners on October 1, with Slipknot, Slayer, Disturbed, Korn and other artists. On June 21, the band announced a U.S. Fall tour with Volbeat, Killswitch Engage, and Avatar. The band also announced a UK tour for January 2017 with Disturbed and In Flames. Avenged Sevenfold was announced as a headliner of 2016 edition of Knotfest Mexico. The band also announced the European Tour for February and March 2017 along with Disturbed and Chevelle.

On October 3, 2016, the band's logo Deathbat started appearing as a projection in London. After that, Deathbat also started appearing in Berlin, Toronto and Paris, indicating a release of the new album. On October 12, Chris Jericho posted an Instagram photo of the Deathbat logo with a date 12/9/16 underneath it. He then revealed the supposed title of the album, Voltaic Oceans, It was later revealed that the new album would actually be called The Stage, a concept album about artificial intelligence, which was released on October 28, 2016, via Capitol Records. The album was released to generally favorable reviews, and the band decided to make a unique stage production for it, hiring Cirque du Soleil directors for its making.

Avenged Sevenfold was announced as the main support act on Metallica's WorldWired 2017 stadium summer tour in the US and Canada, alongside Volbeat and Gojira. The band also announced a series of 2017 US headlining summer shows of The Stage World Tour, with Volbeat, Motionless in White, and A Day to Remember as special guests across various dates. On December 22, 2017, the band released a deluxe edition of The Stage that included one new original track, six cover songs, and four live tracks from their European tour earlier that year.

In a December 2017 interview with Billboard, M. Shadows revealed that the band are planning "a big US summer 2018 tour", and that the band would start working on the follow-up to The Stage in late 2018. End of the World tour with Prophets of Rage was later announced for summer 2018. The band was also announced as one of the headliners of 2018's Rock on the Range and Download Festival, in addition to appearing at Hellfest, Graspop Metal Meeting, Rock am Ring and Rock im Park the same year. Due to a blood blister forming in M. Shadows' throat, the band cancelled remaining dates from their summer tour with Prophets of Rage.

Avenged Sevenfold was nominated at 60th Annual Grammy Awards in "Best Rock Song" category for The Stage.

The band released a single titled "Mad Hatter" in September 2018, which was made specifically for the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops 4. It would later be a part of the Black Reign EP released later that month, which comprises all four of the songs Avenged Sevenfold made for the Call of Duty franchise.

Life Is But a Dream... (2018–present)
In a December 2017 interview with Billboard, M. Shadows revealed that the band are planning "a big US summer 2018 tour", and that the band would start working on the follow-up to The Stage in late 2018. Bassist Johnny Christ in a May 2018 interview confirmed that the band is currently getting ideas and writing in their own studios to start the next record in September or October 2018.

In September 2018, Synyster Gates revealed in an interview with Loudwire that the band has started working on their eighth studio album, saying "It's still early on, but we're working on a bunch of stuff". In March 2019, Zacky Vengeance stated the band would take the rest of the year off tour to concentrate on the upcoming album, saying the band is really focused on the new material. In January 2020, Avenged Sevenfold released "Set Me Free", an unreleased song recorded during the Hail to the King recording sessions. They also announced that the song would be included in a remastered re-release of Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough, released on March 6. A limited edition clear vinyl of Diamonds in the Rough was also released.

On March 14, 2023, after several days of teaser videos, the band released the first single, "Nobody", along with a music video. At the same time, they officially announced that their eighth studio album, Life Is But a Dream..., was set for release on June 2, 2023 while also revealed the album cover and the track list.

Musical style and influences
Members of Avenged Sevenfold cite In Flames, Metallica, Iron Maiden, Megadeth, Slayer, Mr. Bungle, Elton John, Leonard Cohen, At the Gates, Helloween, Dream Theater, Pennywise, NOFX, Pantera, Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses, The Beatles, Anthrax, Testament, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, and the Rolling Stones as influences.

Avenged Sevenfold's musical style has consistently evolved throughout the duration of the band's career. As a result, the band has been categorized under several genres of heavy and extreme music, primarily heavy metal, alternative metal,    hard rock,  and progressive metal (most notably in their album The Stage). The band's initial style in their first two albums has been primarily categorized as metalcore. The band's debut album Sounding the Seventh Trumpet, while consisting almost entirely of a hardcore or metalcore sound, has several deviations from this genre, most notably in "Warmness on the Soul", which is a piano ballad. On Waking the Fallen, the band displayed a metalcore style once more, but added more clean singing and leaned a bit more towards metal and bit less close to hardcore. In the band's DVD All Excess, producer Andrew Murdock explained this transition: "When I met the band after Sounding the Seventh Trumpet had come out before they had recorded Waking the Fallen, M. Shadows said to me 'This record is screaming. The record we want to make is going to be half-screaming half-singing. I don't want to scream anymore. And the record after that is going to be all singing'."

On Avenged Sevenfold's third album City of Evil, the band chose to outright abandon the metalcore genre, creating a sound consistent with hard rock, heavy metal, and progressive metal. Avenged Sevenfold's self-titled album experiments with an even wider array of musical genres than that from City of Evil, most notably in "Dear God", which shows a country style and "A Little Piece of Heaven", which is circled within the influence of Broadway show tunes, using primarily brass instruments and stringed orchestra to take over most of the role of the lead and rhythm guitar. Nightmare contains further deviations, including a piano ballad called "Fiction", progressive metal-oriented track "Save Me" and a heavy metal sound with extreme vocals and heavier instrumentation on "God Hates Us". The band's sixth studio album Hail to the King shows more of a classic metal sound and a riff-oriented approach. On their seventh album The Stage, the band explores further into progressive metal, blending it with elements of thrash metal. Their eighth album, Life Is But a Dream... shows the band taking on more of an avant-garde metal sound.

Avenged Sevenfold has been criticized for "not being metal enough". In response to this, vocalist M. Shadows said: "we play music for the sake of music, not so that we can be labeled a metal band. That's like telling us we aren't punk enough. Who cares?" Avenged Sevenfold is one of the notable acts of the new wave of American heavy metal.

Band members
Current members
 * M. Shadows (Matthew Sanders) – lead vocals, keyboards (1999–present), additional guitars (2000, 2016)
 * Zacky Vengeance (Zachary Baker) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1999–present) ; lead guitar (1999–2001)
 * Synyster Gates (Brian Haner Jr.) – lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2001–present) ; co-lead vocals (2013–present)
 * Johnny Christ (Jonathan Seward) – bass, backing vocals (2002–present)
 * Brooks Wackerman – drums (2015–present)

Former members

 * The Rev (James "Jimmy" Sullivan) – drums, backing vocals, piano (1999–2009; died 2009) ; co-lead vocals (2007–2009)
 * Matt Wendt – bass (1999–2000)
 * Justin Sane (Justin Meacham) – bass, piano (2000–2001)
 * Dameon Ash – bass (2001–2002)
 * Arin Ilejay – drums (2013–2015; session and touring 2011–2013)

Former session and touring musicians
 * Mike Portnoy – drums (2010)

Timeline

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Sounding the Seventh Trumpet (2001)
 * Waking the Fallen (2003)
 * City of Evil (2005)
 * Avenged Sevenfold (2007)
 * Nightmare (2010)
 * Hail to the King (2013)
 * The Stage (2016)
 * Life Is But a Dream... (2023)

title: Avenged Sevenfold


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Talk:Muirhead's inequality

If anyone knows anything about this inequality's eponym, could they edit the first sentence to read as follows?

 * In mathematics, Muirhead's inequality, named after XXXXXXXXXXX (1842 - 1768 or whatever), generalizes the inequality of ETC., ETC., ...

Michael Hardy 21:04, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I added the name and link. The extended bio is from the link at bottom left, a scanned obituary.Alice (talk) 22:24, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

No biography of Muirhead ?
So a great inequality ( helps to solve almost any olympiad inequality ), but not a single page about its author on Wikipedia ?? I think he deserves at least a little biography ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.206.97.192 (talk) 15:26, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

"Kiran Kedlaya's guide to solving inequalities" link has moved
"Kiran Kedlaya's guide to solving inequalities" link in the references has moved here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/articles/files/KedlayaInequalities.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrews00 (talk • contribs) 17:22, 9 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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I have just modified one external link on Muirhead's inequality. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120616201842/http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Resources/Papers/KedlayaInequalities.pdf to http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Resources/Papers/KedlayaInequalities.pdf

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Suggest a rewrite
I think this page could do with restructuring. All that stuff at the beginning about the a-mean and doubly stochastic matrices is irrelevant to readers who are interested in understanding and proving the standard form of Muirhead's inequality. I suggest that this content is moved to section near the end of the article.

See for example these links (the top ones on Google) - none of which mention doubly stochastic matrices. https://brilliant.org/wiki/muirhead-inequality/ https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Muirhead%27s_Inequality http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MuirheadsTheorem.html

I would make the change myself but have tried similar things in the past and been shouted at by Wikipedians.

Blitzer99 (talk) 14:39, 31 January 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Muirhead's inequality


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Sadus

Sadus is an American thrash metal band from Antioch, California, active from 1985 to 2015, and reunited in 2017. Originally a quartet, the band's sound fuses thrash metal with death metal, featuring highly technical musicianship. They are known for the unique death growl of vocalist Darren Travis, and bassist Steve Di Giorgio. During their career, Sadus has released six studio albums, one compilation album and four demos, and had two lineup changes, with the band continuing without replacing any of the departed members.

Formation, early albums and split with Rob Moore (1985–1993)
Sadus was formed in 1985 by vocalist Darren Travis, guitarist Rob Moore, bassist Steve Di Giorgio and drummer Jon Allen. A year later, the band would release their demo tape D.T.P. (Death to Posers). These sessions led directly to the inclusion of two tracks on the 1987 Raging Death compilation album. Quick to capitalize on this achievement Sadus stuck their hands in their pockets to self finance the debut album pulling in Metal Church guitarist John Marshall as producer. The pace of progress was quickened as a deal with label Roadrunner Records was secured resulting in a further album Swallowed in Black and touring with the likes of Sepultura and Obituary.

Sadus was put on hold for 1991 as Di Giorgio opted to assist Death for their Human album. With this added exposure Roadrunner re-released the Illusions debut retitled Chemical Exposure as Sadus regrouped for a summer American tour opening for Morbid Angel. Although a further album for Roadrunner, 1992's A Vision of Misery, resulted in a European headline tour, Sadus found itself labelless upon their return. Further setbacks occurred when Di Giorgio was enticed back to Death for the Individual Thought Patterns album and a subsequent year-long bout of touring. Di Giorgio was to return for club shows with Sadus but before any momentum could be gained Moore bailed out.

Sadus as a trio, Elements of Anger and hiatus (1993–2005)
Instead of replacing Moore, Sadus continued as a trio crafting the Scott Burns produced Elements of Anger in 1997. The in demand Di Giorgio, along with drummer Jon Allen, also operated a side project Dragonheart (later Dragonlord) with former Vicious Rumours and present day Testament guitarist Steve Smyth and his fellow Testament six-stringer Eric Peterson. Di Giorgio teamed up with Iced Earth in late 2000. News during the summer of 2002 would reveal that frontman Darren Travis and bassist Steve Di Giorgio were embarking on another all star union billed as Suicide Shift. The project allied the Sadus pairing with Testament vocalist Chuck Billy as well as drummer Per Moller Jensen of The Haunted and guest guitar from the much travelled, Death and Cancer guitarist James Murphy. The Hammerheart label would put the band's original Death To Posers 1986 demo onto CD in 2003, adding a brace of cuts from a 1988 session, Certain Death, as a bonus.

Sadus announced they were to partner up with fellow thrash veterans Nasty Savage and high-profile Finnish act Finntroll for European mainland dates in December. However, just days after the official press release confirming these shows the band withdrew as drummer Jon Allen's commitments to his 11-year-old daughter, who had just undergone open heart surgery, took precedence.

Despite Steve Di Giorgio commitments in 2004 to Testament, the band did increase activity that year. In April the group toured Europe, taking in shows in Greece, Italy, Sweden and appearing at Norway's Inferno Metal Festival in Oslo. Di Giorgio then took time out to record with Artension then hit the European festival circuit with Testament. Gigs in August marked a first for Sadus as they toured Chile alongside Torturer whilst on South American dates. New Sadus material would be laid down throughout September and October before Di Giorgio joined the ranks of Sebastian Bach's band for further European touring in December. The bassist would also be announced as a contributor to recordings for Norwegian act Scariot in early 2005.

Out for Blood and another hiatus (2006–2016)
Sadus, together with producer Brage Finstad, entered Trident Studios in Pacheco, California to record their fifth album for a late summer 2006 release via Mascot Records. In March 2006 Jon Allen manned the drum kit for live work with Testament. That same month found Di Giorgio involving himself in a studio collaboration with singer Björn Strid, of Soilwork, Terror 2000 and Coldseed, Glen Alvelais from Forbidden, Testament and LD/50 and Jeremy Colson of the Steve Vai band, Marty Friedman, Michael Schenker, Apartment 26, Dali'S Dilemma and LD/50 repute.

On November 18 the band appeared at the Monterrey Metal Fest event at the Auditorio Coca-Cola in Mexico alongside Blind Guardian, Cathedral, U.D.O., Edguy, Obituary, Deicide, Leaves' Eyes, Bludgeon, Vainglory, Hydrogyn and Joe Stump's Reign of Terror. Sadus was announced as teaming up with Destruction, Hirax and Municipal Waste for a North American tour throughout January and February 2007. However, the group dropped off these dates as new year broke. Sadus lined up the South American 'Fuera Por Sangre' dates hitting Venezuela, Ecuador and Colombia in April prior to supporting Obituary in Mexico during May. In 2009 Sadus veterans Jon Allen and Steve Di Giorgio were noted as founder members of Futures End. Di Giorgio rejoined Testament in 2014 and played on their 2016 album Brotherhood of the Snake.

Reunion (2017–present)
On August 20, 2017, Darren Travis confirmed via Facebook that Sadus would be releasing new material. In October of that year, Travis posted two videos from the studio teasing new music from the band. Former bassist Steve Di Giorgio was not part of the reunion. In November 2017, Travis told Blabbermouth.net: "I have been working on new material for quite sometime with drummer Jon Allen in his personal studio in Texas. I am going to record again in Trident Studios in the next few weeks for two/three new tracks. Guitars and voice. Teasers will be posted on Facebook via YouTube links. Then full songs soon."

On November 18, 2022, Sadus announced that they had signed a deal with Nuclear Blast Records for the 2023 release of their new album, and on the same day, they released their first song in 16 years called "It's the Sickness". The band's sixth studio album, and their first in 17 years, The Shadow Inside was released on November 17, 2023.

Studio albums

 * Illusions (1988) (Chemical Exposure on the CD and cassette editions)
 * Swallowed in Black (1990)
 * A Vision of Misery (1992)
 * Elements of Anger (1997)
 * Out for Blood (2006)
 * The Shadow Inside (2023)

Compilations

 * Chronicles of Chaos (1997)

Demos

 * D.T.P. (1986) (originally released as a demo, reissued as a studio album with Certain Death in 2003)
 * Certain Death (1987)
 * The Wake of Severity (1989)
 * Red Demo (1994)

Splits

 * Raging Death (1987) (split release with bands Lethal Presence, Xecutioner who would later change their name to Obituary, Betrayel, and R.A.V.A.G.E. who would later change their name to Atheist)

Band members

 * Current lineup
 * Darren Travis – lead vocals, guitar (1985–2015, 2017–present), bass (2017–present)
 * Jon Allen – drums (1985–2015, 2017–present)

 * Former
 * Steve Di Giorgio – bass, backing vocals (1985–2015)
 * Rob Moore – guitar (1985–1993)

title: Sadus


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Port Isaac

Port Isaac (Porthysek) is a small fishing village on the Atlantic coast of north Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom. The nearest towns are Wadebridge and Camelford, each ten miles (16 km) away. A nearby hamlet, Port Gaverne, is sometimes considered to be part of Port Isaac. The meaning of the village's Cornish name, Porthysek, is "corn port", indicating a trade in corn from the arable inland district.

From 2004 to 2022, the village served as the backdrop to the ITV television series Doc Martin. It also is home to the sea-shanty singing group Fisherman's Friends.

History
The origins of Port Isaac are likely Celtic and the development of the town can be roughly divided into three phases. Through the Middle Ages and up to the coming of the railways, Port Isaac was a thriving port serving the area inland. During the Tudor period the harbour was dredged, a good illustration of its importance. Once goods from locations further inland were better served by the North Cornwall Railway, the economy of the port relied on pilchard fishing, probably a centuries-old industry. However the pilchard shoals began to decline, and after World War I tourism became the mainstay of the economy.

Port
Port Isaac's pier was constructed during the reign of Henry VIII. A 1937 history said, "...Tudor pier and breakwater have now yielded to a strong new sea-wall balanced by an arm on the opposite side of the cove, and we do not doubt that the fishermen sleep more soundly in their beds on stormy nights." The village centre dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, from a time when its prosperity was tied to local coastal freight and fishing. Apart from the corn that gave the town its name, the port handled cargoes of coal, wood, stone, ores, limestone, salt, pottery and heavy goods which were conveyed along its narrow streets. Small coastal sailing vessels were built below Roscarrock Hill.

The pilchard fishery began here before the 16th century and in 1850 there were 49 registered fishing boats and four fish cellars. Fishermen still work from the Platt, landing their catches of fish, crab and lobsters. The historic core of the village was designated a Conservation Area in 1971 and North Cornwall District Council reviewed this in 2008 with the endorsement of a detailed Port Isaac Conservation Area Appraisal document and a related Conservation Area Management Plan. The village has around 90 listed buildings (all Grade II).

Lifeboat
A Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat station was opened at Port Isaac in 1869. The Richard and Sarah was kept in a boat house on Fore Street, from where it had to be taken through the narrow streets of the village on a carriage to be launched. A new lifeboat station was built in 1927 next to the beach but this closed in 1933. An Inshore Lifeboat has been stationed at Port Isaac from 1967. Since 1993 it has been kept in the lifeboat station built in 1927; the original lifeboat station is now a shop. Port Isaac's lifeboat has been the D-class Copeland Bell since 2009.

Transport
The first link from Port Isaac to the railways was started by John Prout, who ran a service to Bodmin Road station, more than 10 mi distant, from 1861. The railways came much closer when the North Cornwall Railway opened the section from Delabole to Wadebridge in 1895, which included a station at Port Isaac Road 4 mi from the village. Produce from the area, including fish, flowers and fruit, was transported through the steep and narrow lanes to the station, with 150 tons of fish being transported by cart for onward shipment in 1897.

The horse-drawn connection to the railway was replaced by a motor bus in 1920, and when this service was taken over by the Southern National Omnibus Company in 1930, Prouts merged the passenger service into the freight cartage service that they ran for the Southern Railway. The Okehampton to Wadebridge railway line closed in 1966. Due to the sparsely populated area, ticket sales were always low: 4,500 annually in 1928, dropping to less than 2,000 in 1936; freight dropped in a similar way over the same period.

The village was served by Western Greyhound's 584 bus service from Wadebridge to Camelford, which ran five times daily in each direction, except for Sundays. A summer Sunday service provided up to four return journeys.

In 1997, FirstGroup route 96 provided five buses each way, between Wadebridge and Bude.

Newquay Cornwall Airport, located in Newquay, is the closest airport to the village.

In 2016, a local taxi service – Port Isaac Shuttle Service – was asked to change the way that it displayed its name after Cornwall Council deemed it offended good taste.

Recreation and tourism
Port Isaac is located on the South West Coast Path, and apart from people walking the 630 mi long National Trail there are shorter walks in the area using this path as part of their route.

There is an alley in Port Isaac, known as Temple Bar, that is particularly narrow. In the 1978 edition of Guinness Book of Records, it was dubbed the world's narrowest thoroughfare. Locals refer to it as Squeeze-ee-belly Alley.

Places of worship
The church of St Peter was built as a chapel-of-ease in the parish of St Endellion in 1882–84; Port Isaac became a separate parish in 1913, though more recently it has returned to St Endellion parish. The church is built of granite and stone and the style adopted was Early English.

The village has had three Nonconformist places of worship: the oldest was a Quaker meeting house, 1806; from 1832 it was used by the Baptists but was converted to a dwelling house in 1871. The United Methodist chapel (1846) and the Wesleyan Methodist chapel are both now closed. The nearest Roman Catholic church is in Tintagel.

Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, were held in Port Isaac at the football field.

Notable people

 * Edmund Henry Hambly (1914 in Port Isaac – 1985) a British orthopaedic surgeon, politician and promoter of the Cornish language
 * Fisherman's Friends (active 1995–present), a male a cappella group who sing sea shanties

Film location
Locations in and around the village have been used for a number of films and television series, including:
 * Poldark (1975–77), a BBC television series, used locations in the area.
 * Tarry-Dan Tarry-Dan Scarey Old Spooky Man (1978), BBC supernatural play.
 * The Nightmare Man (1981), BBC drama serial, filmed in and around the village – which doubled for a Scottish island.
 * Oscar and Lucinda (1997), film.
 * Saving Grace (2000), a comedy film, was filmed in and around the village.
 * DIY SOS (2001), featured the village hall being decorated.
 * Doc Martin (2004–2022), ITV series, ten series filmed in the port (using the fictional name of "Portwenn"; also used in the Sky Pictures movies Doc Martin and Doc Martin and the Legend of the Cloutie under its true name "Port Isaac").
 * The Shell Seekers (2006), a television production with Vanessa Redgrave, where the village was used as the backdrop and many scenes were shot in the main street.
 * Fisherman’s Friends (2019), a film about the shanty-singing band of the same name and its sequel Fisherman's Friends: One and All (2022).

title: Port Isaac


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User talk:Rage379

I hope you can give us some positive and non-insulting contributions soon! Robin Patterson 21:10, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rage379


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Control Denied

Control Denied was a progressive metal band formed by death metal musician and Death founder Chuck Schuldiner.

Background
Schuldiner had spoken about the possibility of ending Death and forming a more melodic band after he returned from Europe following the 1992 tour, as he was fed up with it, though he decided that he did not want to "get off track" with Death and instead put the idea "on hold". Schuldiner mentioned the general idea of teaming up with a Rob Halford-esque singer in a September 1993 interview with Guitar School and expanded on it in a Terrorizer interview with Borivoj Krgin that same year, explaining that it would allow him to do "things that ... can't be totally expressed through this band". He would discuss the idea further in multiple 1995 interviews, including Guitar World, the Italian magazine Metal Shock and the Dutch magazine Watt mentioning Ronnie James Dio as another example of the type of singer he would like to partner with. He had already started working on Control Denied riffs by the time Death was touring in Japan for the album Symbolic, which took place in September 1995. Death drummer Gene Hoglan has stated that after the Symbolic tour, Schuldiner broke up Death as he was displeased with the record label.

Formation
B.C Richards joined the band in 1995 as vocalist, though he temporarily left the same year to focus on Wicked Ways. Schuldiner attempted to get Andy LaRocque as a lead guitarist, but the lack of a label hindered it. Drummer Chris Williams also joined around this time; Williams recruited Shannon Hamm on guitar and Scott Clendenin on bass. By 1996, Richards had rejoined; the following year he had left the band again, while Clendenin was replaced by Brian Benson. The name of the album at the time was The Moment of Clarity; other tracks from the album included What If and Cut Down to Size. Psycho Scream guitarist Jim Dofka had sent Schuldiner demo material and was interested in joining Control Denied alongside his bandmate, singer Tim Aymar. However, Schuldiner had already selected Hamm as the guitarist. After a brief audition and demo, Aymar was chosen as the new singer, while Rob Halford of Judas Priest was also in the running. Earlier, Warrel Dane of Nevermore was almost selected as the singer, though the scheduling did not work out as Dane was dedicated to Nevermore and didn't have the time. Williams left the band as he couldn't "hang around waiting" any longer and went on to join another band, which led to Richard Christy joining the band as his replacement.

The Fragile Art of Existence
Schuldiner signed with the record label Nuclear Blast in 1997, though the label required that another Death album be released before a Control Denied album could be issued. This led to the release of Death's The Sound of Perseverance in 1998. Though Clendenin was expected to be on the debut Control Denied album and it was announced in early April that the recording was completed by the TSOP lineup (with the addition of Aymar), Schuldiner let the bassist go later in April and brought on DiGiorgio. The band's debut album, The Fragile Art of Existence, was released in 1999. The Fragile Art of Existence was reissued in October 2010 by Relapse Records in a 2-disc standard format, with one hour of bonus material, and a 3-disc deluxe version, with two hours of bonus material.

When Man and Machine Collide
A second album (which was recorded at Morrisound with Jim Morris under the initial title of "When Hate Strikes Down", but which was later tentatively titled When Man and Machine Collide), was partly recorded in November 2000 after Schuldiner had signed with Hammerheart Records. According to an interview with Hamm originally done in the Tampa Metal Music Examiner, Schuldiner and Christy had completed their tracks, while Hamm recorded three of his tracks before the funds were diverted to pay for Schuldiner's medical bills. The death of Schuldiner in 2001 put the recordings on hold. Remaining band members had expressed a wish to complete and release the material. However, there existed a longstanding legal dispute over the rights of the material with Hammerheart Records, further postponing the completion and release of the album.

Schuldiner's mother, Jane, affirmed in January 2003 that the album would be released. Hammerheart indicated in a 2003 press release that it would release the "incomplete recordings", to which Schuldiner responded that it would be "sacrilege." Schuldiner initially announced in March 2004 that they would be uploaded and made available for free download. The following month, she indicated that rather than release the rehearsal tracks, the entire completed album should be released instead. Part of these incomplete recordings were released without authorization on the Zero Tolerance album, which was announced as the title by Karmageddon Media in March 2004. Schuldiner estate lawyer and Death manager Eric Greif settled all matters with the label by 2009, allowing for the possibility of completing the album.

On December 4, 2010, Aymar released a statement saying that plans were being made to record and release the album, stating that Jim Morris of Morrisound Studios (with whom Chuck Schuldiner recorded several albums during his career) had been in contact with Greif to begin planning and booking studio time to record the remaining parts of When Man and Machine Collide. Plans were cut short by a break-in at Morrisound in the spring of 2011 that saw much of their equipment stolen, pushing back the completion of the album. An exploratory meeting between producer Jim Morris and guitarist Shannon Hamm was held in December 2012. Greif stated in October 2016 that the recordings would not be completed.

Discography

 * 1996 demo (1996)
 * 1997 demo (1997)
 * 1999 demo (1999)
 * The Fragile Art of Existence (1999)
 * Unreleased Themes from Control Denied (bootleg) (2004)
 * The Fragile Art of Existence (reissue, two formats) (2010)

Members
Final lineup
 * Chuck Schuldiner – guitars (1995–2001), vocals (1996–1997, 1999); died 2001
 * Steve Di Giorgio – bass (1999–2001)
 * Shannon Hamm – guitars (1996–2001)
 * Tim Aymar – vocals (1997–2001); died 2023
 * Richard Christy – drums (1997–2001)

Former members
 * B.C. Richards – vocals (1995), 1996
 * Brian Benson - bass (1997)
 * Chris Williams – drums (1996–1997); died 2000
 * Scott Clendenin – bass (1996–1997, 1999) ; died 2015

title: Control Denied


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Wadebridge

Wadebridge (Ponswad ) is a town and civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town straddles the River Camel 5 mi upstream from Padstow. The permanent population was 6,222 in the census of 2001, increasing to 7,900 in the 2011 census. There are two electoral wards in the town (East and West). Their total population is 8,272.

Originally known as Wade, it was a dangerous fording point across the river until a bridge was built here in the 15th century, after which the name changed to its present form. The bridge was strategically important during the English Civil War, and Oliver Cromwell went there to take it. Since then, it has been widened twice and refurbished in 1991.

Wadebridge was served by a railway station between 1834 and 1967; part of the line now forms the Camel Trail, a recreational route for walkers, cyclists and horse riders. The town used to be a road traffic bottleneck on the A39 road until it was bypassed in 1991, and the main shopping street, Molesworth Street, is now pedestrianised.

The town has a secondary school where several notable sports-people were educated. The Royal Cornwall Show is a three-day agricultural show held at the nearby Royal Cornwall Showground every June, and the 5-day Cornwall Folk Festival takes place around the August Bank Holiday.

Early history
The initial settlement of Wade (the name of Wadebridge before the bridge was built) came about due to a ford in the River Camel (Camel probably meaning "crooked one" ). The early crossing had a chapel on each side of the river, "King's" chapel on the north side and "St Michael's" on the south side. People would pray for a safe crossing at one of the chapels before wading across at low tide, once they had made it the other side they would give thanks to God in the other chapel. In 1312, a licence was granted for a market at Wade by Edward II who also granted two fairs annually; on the feast of Saint Vitalis and at Michaelmas. Wade was part of the parish of St Breock and the river separated it from the neighbouring parish of Egloshayle.

At some time the ford was supplemented by a ferry until the Reverend Thomas Lovibond (the vicar of Egloshayle) became distressed at the number of humans and animals that died during the crossing of the River Camel so he planned the building of a bridge which was completed in 1468. Wade then became known as Wadebridge. When John Leland travelled through Cornwall in the early 16th century he wrote that the piers were resting on packs of wool. Begun in 1468 and completed in 1485, the bridge was traditionally known as the "Bridge on Wool" because it was reputedly built on wool sacks. In fact, however, it has been proven to be founded directly on the underlying bedrock.

The bridge was a strategic position in the English Civil War as in 1646 Oliver Cromwell came with 500 Dragoons and 1,000 horsemen to take the bridge. When the bridge was first completed tolls were charged for its maintenance. In 1853, it was widened from 3 to 5 m. A second widening took place in 1952 and then in 1963 it was again widened taking it to 12 m.

Railway
The Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway from Wadebridge to Wenfordbridge with branch lines to Bodmin and Ruthernbridge was built at a cost of £35,000 following a study commissioned in 1831 by local landowner Sir William Molesworth of Pencarrow. The line was intended to carry sand from the Camel Estuary to inland farms for use as fertiliser. It was opened on 30 September 1834 with the locomotive Camel pulling a train load of 400 passengers (one of the first railways in Britain to carry passengers). When the company ordered its second locomotive it came with a name plate already affixed. It had been named the Elephant as the makers had failed to realise that the first engine had been named after the river and not an animal.

The last passenger train left Wadebridge railway station in 1967 following railway cutbacks. The old railway trackbed is now the Camel Trail, and the Bodmin and Wenford Railway heritage railway runs on part of the route.

Quays
Wadebridge was the highest navigable town on the River Camel providing the main trade route before the building of the railway, and coasters would bring goods from Bristol and coal from South Wales. Timber was also imported from the Baltic, while stone from inland was sent to destination throughout England. The first locomotives used on the railway were also imported through the quay, being manufactured by Neath Abbey Ironworks, and the railway initially linked with river traffic well having been designed to distribute sand from the river to the local farms via a "sand dock" constructed upstream of the bridge at the point where the Treguddick Brook (Polmorla Brook) flows into the River Camel. This commodity, brought up from Padstow in barges, had previously been taken as far as Michaelstow and Blisland using pack animals.

In 1843 apart from the dock for the barges bringing sand for onward movement there was another dock capable of holding 5 vessels and construction of a breakwater was considered, while in 1880 there were quays on both sides of the river below the bridge with that on the west bank being served by the railway although the "sand dock" had been filled in by 1895. In the 1900s vessels such as the M.V. Florence brought cargos including slag (for fertiliser), grain and coal, and flour was also a regular cargo brought from Ranks at Avonmouth. However, in the 1950s the river silted badly so that the ketch Agnes was possibly the last vessel to bring cargo to Wadebridge when she was recorded there in 1955.

Eddystone Road
In 1877, after cracks appeared in the rock on which the Eddystone Lighthouse was positioned, a new lighthouse was commissioned from James Nicholas Douglass. Granite quarried from De Lank quarry was brought down to Wadebridge where stonemasons dovetailed each segment of stone not only to each other but also to the courses above and below. As each layer was completed and checked to fit with the layer above, it was sent out to the Eddystone rocks by sea. The lighthouse was completed in 1882. This resulted in the road where the masons worked being called Eddystone Road.

World War I
During World War I Wadebridge was home to refugees from the Netherlands and Belgium. In order to support them, a property in Park Street was converted into a Calvinist chapel.

World War II
Despite the rural nature of the area and the lack of military installations, during World War II there was a single recorded air raid when three bombs were dropped on the hill above Fernleigh Road. Residents report hearing the bombs whistling as they fell and landed in a field above the nearest houses. There were no casualties and only minor damage.

21st century
In 2003, the Perch Garage murders occurred outside the town on the A39 road (Atlantic Highway).

Government
Wadebridge is in the constituency of North Cornwall which is currently held by the Conservative MP Scott Mann. The main offices of the former North Cornwall District Council were at Trenant Road in the town. Wadebridge Town Council is based at Wadebridge Town Hall which was officially opened by Sir Paul Molesworth as the Molesworth Hall and Exchange on 23 May 1988.

Historically Wadebridge was part of St Columb Rural District Council until the creation of Wadebridge Urban District Council in April 1898.

Geography
The town straddles the River Camel, 5 mi upstream from Padstow; the town centre being on the west bank of the river.

On St. Swithin's day 1965, there was a flood in Wadebridge town centre after five and a half inches of rain fell in four and a half hours around high tide. The Swan Hotel on The Platt was flooded to a depth of one and a half feet.

Transport
For many years, Wadebridge was a traffic-congested town, through which the route of the A39 trunk road passed; however, in 1991, the Wadebridge bypass was opened, together with the Egloshayle bypass, enabling the two settlements to regain much of their former charm. The main shopping street in Wadebridge (Molesworth Street) has subsequently been pedestrianised through construction of an inner link road, allowing traffic-free shopping.

Local bus services are operated by Go Cornwall Bus and Kernow, with routes to Boscastle, Bude, Launceston, Padstow and Truro.

Wadebridge no longer has its own national railway station, since its closure in 1967. The nearest is now Bodmin Parkway, on the Cornish Main Line, which is served by services to Plymouth, Cardiff, London Paddington and Penzance.

Culture and community
The Molesworth Arms is one of the oldest Inns in Wadebridge. Previously known as The Fox, The King's Arms and The Fountain, this coaching Inn got its current name in 1817.

Since 2014 the first of the annual events in and around Wadebridge has been the MayPlay festival, a weekend of free children's activities.

The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Show is held at the Royal Cornwall Showground, 1+1/2 mi west of Wadebridge over three days in early June each year. The show began in 1793 at Bodmin and was then held every year in East and West Cornwall alternately until 1960 when it came to its present site. The showground, run by the Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association, is used for many different functions from Scout Jamborees to point-to-point horse racing.

The Big Lunch, organised by the local chamber of commerce, is a free street party in the pedestrianised part of Molesworth St in the centre of Wadebridge, where around 500–750 people get together to share food, chat, and enjoy music and other entertainment. The idea grew out of a project by the Eden Project, and was started by a former local councillor, Harriet Wild. In 2012 it also served as a celebration of the Queen's Jubilee.

Later in June, the Wadebridge Lions organise a Beer Festival, with brews from across Cornwall, and plenty of live music.

July sees the Rock Oyster Festival on fields just outside the town on the Camel River. Oysters are, of course, on the menu, along with bands from the local area, the South West and further afield.

Wadebridge Carnival is held annually in August, with a Carnival Queen and there is the Eglos Craft Fayre at Egloshayle Church.

The Cornwall Folk Festival, one of the UK's longest-running folk festivals started in 1972, now runs for fives days around the August Bank Holiday. The focus is on contemporary folk music, bluegrass music, Americana (music), celtic music and acoustic music, with the likes of Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee Gretchen Peters, Scotland's Eddi Reader MBE and Dougie Maclean OBE, The Unthanks, Martin Carthy MBE and Irish singer Cara Dillon rubbing shoulders with Cornish and bands. The "musician's musician" Wiz Jones and father of the Lakeman clan (Seth Lakeman, Sam Lakeman and Sean Lakeman) Geoff Lakeman are the festival's patrons. The festival was featured in the German travel documentary Wunderschön in Spring 2023.

Depending on the tides, the Camel River Festival is held around August or September. The main attraction is a set of raft races on the river, with bar, food, stalls and more live music.

In October, The Bikelights procession through the town centre showcases decorated bicycles and involves many youngsters.

In November the Prime Stock Show and the Garden Produce Association and Chrysanthemum Show are held.

A footbridge called the Challenge Bridge links the Egloshayle playing fields to the Jubilee fields on the other side of the river. The bridge was constructed in 1991 by Anneka Rice and her team for the TV series "Challenge Anneka". Locally, the bridge is known as Anneka's Bridge, but its real name is the Bailey Bridge.

The newspaper is a local edition of the weekly Cornish Guardian.

The town is twinned with Langueux (Langaeg) in Brittany, France.

In April 2013 Wadebridge was short-listed as one of Britain's top eco-towns and is home to Wadebridge Renewable Energy Network a grass roots enterprise aiming to make the town the first solar powered and renewable energy powered town in the UK.

Wadebridge and District Museum opened in 2007 and moved to their current location on Chapel Lane in 2013.

Demographics
The town has two primary schools which have academy status, Wadebridge Primary Academy which OfSTED graded as a ‘GOOD’ school in November 2012 and St. Breock Primary School. There is also a secondary school, Wadebridge School.

There are two health care practices: the Wadebridge and Camel Estuary Practice and the Bridge Medical Centre. There has been a group practice in Wadebridge since the early 20th century; many of the early doctors had their surgeries operating from their homes.

In the 1901 census the population of Wadebridge was 3470, while in 2001 the population was 6222.

Cornish wrestling
Wadebridge has been a centre for Cornish wrestling for centuries. Places used for Cornish wrestling tournaments include:
 * Bodieve Park, including the Interceltic games in 1965 and 1967.
 * Cricket Ground, including the Interceltic games in 2006 and 2008.
 * Gonvena Manor House.
 * Old Bowling Green, Trevanson Street.

Wadebridge hosted the Interceltic games in 1965, 1967, 2006, 2008 and 2010.

Football
Wadebridge is home to sporting clubs including Wadebridge Town Football Club who play at Bodieve park, Wadebridge Camels, who play at the Molesworth Field in Egloshayle, and Wadebridge Cricket Club, whose main ground has been in Egloshayle Park since the 1950s. The town has a leisure centre with a programme of sports and pursuits including Cornish wrestling.

Other
The Camel estuary offers a range of water sports, including sailing, water skiing, windsurfing, surfing and kite surfing. Golf courses close by include Trevose and Saint Enodoc and St Kew.

Notable people
The gentleman scientist and surgeon Sir Goldsworthy Gurney, who invented the Bude-Light, lived in Wadebridge from 1814 to 1820. A street (Goldsworthy Way) has been named after him. Francis Hurdon (1834–1914), a prominent figure in Canadian politics, was educated in the town.

In media, Michael White, journalist, associate editor and former political editor of The Guardian was born here in 1945. Andrew Ridgeley, member of the pop music duo, Wham! and his partner Keren Woodward, from the group Bananarama, lived in a converted farmhouse near the town.

Sergeant Steven Roberts, the first soldier to die in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, was born in Wadebridge.

In sport, Olly Barkley, the England rugby union international player, was raised in the town, as was Michaela Breeze, the Commonwealth weightlifting champion. Both were educated at Wadebridge School, as was Annabel Vernon, the 2007 World Rowing Champion Women's Quad Sculls.

title: Wadebridge


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Larry Evans (chess player)

Larry Melvyn Evans (March 22, 1932 – November 15, 2010) was an American chess player, author, and journalist who received the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM) in 1957. He won or shared the U.S. Chess Championship five times and the U.S. Open Chess Championship four times. He wrote a long-running syndicated chess column and wrote or co-wrote more than twenty books on chess.

Early years
Evans was born on March 22, 1932, in Manhattan, the son of Bella (Shotl) and Harry Evans. His family was Jewish. He learned much about the game by playing for ten cents an hour on 42nd Street in New York City, quickly becoming a rising star. At age 14, he tied for 4th–5th place in the Marshall Chess Club championship. The next year he won it outright, becoming the youngest Marshall champion at that time. He also finished equal second in the U.S. Junior Championship, which led to an article in the September 1947 issue of Chess Review. At 16, he played in the 1948 U.S. Chess Championship, his first, tying for eighth place at 11½–7½. Evans tied with Arthur Bisguier for first place in the U.S. Junior Chess Championship of 1949. By age 18, he had won a New York State championship as well as a gold medal in the Dubrovnik 1950 Chess Olympiad. In the latter, his 90% score (eight wins and two draws) on sixth board tied with Rabar of Yugoslavia for the best result of the entire Olympiad.

U.S. champion
In 1951, Evans first won the U.S. Championship, ahead of Samuel Reshevsky, who had tied for 3rd–4th in the 1948 World Championship match-tournament. Evans won his second championship the following year by winning a title match against Herman Steiner. He won the national championship three additional times: in 1961–62, 1967–68, and 1980, the last in a tie with Walter Browne and Larry Christiansen.

Grandmaster
FIDE awarded Evans the titles of International Master (1952) and International Grandmaster (1957). In 1956 the U.S. State Department appointed him a "chess ambassador".

Evans performed well in many U.S. events during the 1960s and 1970s, but his trips abroad to international tournaments were infrequent and less successful. He won the U.S. Open Chess Championship in 1951, 1952, 1954 (he tied with Arturo Pomar but won the title on the tie-break) and tied with Walter Browne in 1971. He also won the first Lone Pine tournament in 1971.

Olympiad successes
Evans represented the U.S. in eight Chess Olympiads over a period of twenty-six years, winning gold (1950), silver (1958), and bronze (1976) medals for his play, and participating in team gold (1976) and silver (1966) medals.

Best international results
Evans' best results on foreign soil included two wins at the Canadian Open Chess Championship, 1956 in Montreal, and 1966 in Kingston, Ontario. He tied for first–second in the 1975 Portimão, Portugal International and for second–third with World Champion Tigran Petrosian, behind Jan Hein Donner, in Venice, 1967. However, Evans' first, and what ultimately proved to be his only, chance in the World Chess Championship cycle ended with a disappointing 14th place (10/23) in the 1964 Amsterdam Interzonal.

At his peak in October 1968 he was rated 2631 by the United States Chess Federation.

Working with Bobby Fischer
He never entered the world championship cycle again, and concentrated his efforts on assisting his fellow American Bobby Fischer in his quest for the world title. He was Fischer's second for the Candidates matches leading up to the World Chess Championship 1972 against Boris Spassky, though not for the championship match itself, after a disagreement with Fischer.

He also wrote the introductions to Fischer's My 60 Memorable Games (1969) and urged Fischer to publish when he had initially been reluctant to do so.

Chess journalism
Evans had always been interested in writing as well as playing. By the age of 18, he had already published David Bronstein's Best Games of Chess, 1944–1949 and the Vienna International Tournament, 1922. His book New Ideas in Chess was published in 1958, and was reprinted in 2011. He wrote or co-wrote more than twenty books on chess.

He wrote the tenth edition of the important openings treatise Modern Chess Openings (1965), co-authored with editor Walter Korn. Some of Evans's other books are Modern Chess Brilliancies (1970), What's The Best Move (1973), and Test Your Chess I.Q. (2001).

Evans began his career in chess journalism during the 1960s, helping to found the American Chess Quarterly, which ran from 1961 to 1965. He was an editor of Chess Digest during the 1960s and 1970s. For over thirty years, until 2006, he wrote a question-and-answer column for Chess Life, the official publication of the United States Chess Federation (USCF), and has also written for Chess Life Online. His weekly chess column, Evans on Chess, has appeared in more than fifty separate newspapers throughout the United States. He also wrote a column for the World Chess Network.

Evans also commentated on some of the most important matches for Time magazine and ABC's Wide World of Sports, including the 1972 Fischer versus Spassky match, the 1993 PCA world title battle between Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short, and the Braingames world chess championship match between Vladimir Kramnik and Kasparov in 2000.

Evans also contributed a large amount of tutorial and other content to the Chessmaster computer game series, most notably an endgame quiz and annotations of classic chess games. He was inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame in 1994.

Criticism of writings
Larry Evans was a prolific author, with many who both liked and disliked his works.

Noted chess author and trainer International Master John L. Watson made the following observations on Evans's books and columns: "huge bias"; "long histories of ignoring and distorting evidence" and "Evans' absurd arguments".

By contrast, chess author and International Master Anthony Saidy noted that Evans brought to his journalism a "taste for intriguing chess", his personal experience at "the summit of US chess", and "sharp opinions" regarding the politics of chess, which contributed to his "spicy, concise columns".

Author and USCF National Master Bruce Pandolfini described Larry Evans's New Ideas in Chess as influential and a "first-rate chess book".

Leading chess historian Edward Winter, however, has noted numerous factual errors in Evans' work as well as several examples of possible plagiarism.

On page 175 of Evans' book, Modern Chess Brilliancies, he claims Lodewijk Prins adjourned a clearly lost position against Cuban master Quesada and was lucky enough when the latter died of a heart attack the "next day". Prins noted that he had actually resigned the position, as is proven by the tournament crosstables showing it as a loss for him, and that Quesada played three more games in the tournament before dying five days after the game against Prins. While Evans acknowledged the error, he defended it with "you must admit it makes a good story."

Death
On November 15, 2010, Evans died in Reno, Nevada, from complications following gallbladder surgery.

Books

 * New Ideas in Chess (1958). Pitman. ISBN 0-486-28305-4 (1984 Dover edition). Revised edition in 2011, Cardoza Publishing, ISBN 978-1-58042-274-1.
 * Modern Chess Openings (1965). 10th edition, revised by Larry Evans, edited by Walter Korn. Pitman Publishing.
 * Chess Catechism (1970). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-20491-2
 * Modern Chess Brilliancies (1970). Fireside Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-22420-4.
 * Chess World Championship 1972 (1973) (with Ken Smith). Chess Digest Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21547-7.
 * Evans on Chess (1974). Cornerstone Library.
 * What's the Best Move? (1995). ISBN 0-671-51159-9.
 * The 10 Most Common Chess Mistakes  (1998). ISBN 1-58042-009-5.
 * How Good Is Your Chess? (2004). ISBN 1-58042-126-1.
 * This Crazy World of Chess (2007). Cardoza Publishing. ISBN 1-58042-218-7.
 * Vienna 1922 (2011). Russell Enterprises, Inc.; Reprint edition. ISBN 1-93649-002-1.

Notable games
This game, against future grandmaster Abe Yanofsky, was Evans's first victory against a noted player:

1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.Nf3 Bg4 5.h3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3 dxe5 7.dxe5 e6 8.a3 Nc6 9.Bb5 Qd7 10.c4 Nde7 11.0-0 Qd4 12.Bg5 a6 13.Bxe7 axb5 14.Bxf8 Rxf8 15.cxb5 Nxe5 16.Qe2 0-0-0 17.Nc3 Ng6 18.Rad1 Qe5 19.Qc2 Rxd1 20.Rxd1 Rd8 21.Rc1 Nf4 22.Kh1 Qh5 24.Kh2 Rd3 25.f3 (see diagram) 25...Rxf3 26.Rd1 Nxh3! 27.gxf3 Nf2+ 28.Kg3 Qh3+ 29.Kf4 Qh2+ 30.Ke3
 * Daniel Yanofsky vs. Evans, U.S. Open 1947; Alekhine Defence (ECO B05)

In his book Modern Chess Brilliances, Evans listed four of his own wins:
 * Evans vs. Berger, 1964
 * Evans vs. Blackstone, 1965
 * Evans vs. Zuckerman, 1967 U.S. Championship
 * Koehler vs. Evans, 1968 U.S. National Open

title: Larry Evans (chess player)


text:
Charleswood, Winnipeg

Charleswood is a residential community and neighbourhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is located in the South-West of the city and is bordered by the neighbourhoods Tuxedo to the East, Fort Whyte to the South, and the Rural Municipality of Headingley on the West. Its boundaries are Roblin and the Assiniboine River to the north, Shaftesbury Boulevard on the East, Wilkes Avenue to the South and the Perimeter Highway to the West.

The region was originally known for "the Passage," a ford across the Assiniboine River and was an important route for indigenous and Metis traders and settlers. In the 1869, the area was ceded by the Hudson's Bay Company to Canada and became a site for European settlement. Charleswood was incorporated as a Rural Municipality in 1913 and remained an independent municipality until it joined with the City of Winnipeg in 1972. Since the 1930s, Charleswood has been known as "The Suburb Beautiful."

Charleswood is part of the city ward of Charleswood - Tuxedo - Westwood; and is part of the provincial electoral district of Roblin (replacing the former electoral district of Charleswood). It is also served by the Pembina Trails School Division.

Etymology
The origin of the name "Charleswood" is unclear, as it has at least two possibilities: it may have been named for Charles Kelly, who served on the first municipal council; or it is a combination of the Parish name "St. Charles" and the dense woodland that encompassed the area. Charleswood was briefly named Kelheau after Kelly.

History
Indigenous peoples have inhabited the region that is now Charleswood for at least 3,000 years. The area is home to a natural ford known as "the Passage". This was a part of the Assiniboine River that was shallow enough for people and animals to cross safely. The ford was used by bison for thousands of years. By the 19th century, it had become the main crossing for Indigenous and Métis traders, Red River Settlers travelling to Pembina, and independent traders looking to bypass the Hudson's Bay Company at the Forks. This attracted Métis and later Red River Settlers, and was the site of Kuypers’ farm

When the Hudson's Bay Company ceded Rupert's Land to the Dominion of Canada in 1869, the regions south of the Assiniboine River were incorporated for further European settlement as the Rural Municipality of Assiniboia. This new R.M. combined the Parishes of Headingley, St. Charles, St. James and a portion of St. Boniface. In 1899, a highway, now Roblin Boulevard, was surveyed along the south side of the Assiniboine River

Patrick H. Kelly (1847–1940) is widely regarded as the founder of what is now Charleswood. He was a farmer and municipal official who moved from Perth County, Ontario, in 1906 and settled in the then-Rural Municipality of Assiniboia, taking over 500 acres of land. He built a general store in 1907; was key in establishing the community's first post office; and was instrumental in developing the community's school. He also convinced the Winnipeg Electric Railway Company to extend the street railway so that the community had a connection with the City of Winnipeg.

Kelly eventually came to persuade residents of the community to apply for the creation of Charleswood as a separate municipality. Kelly was successful and the Rural Municipality of Charleswood was incorporated on 15 February 1913. The municipality was formed from parts of the R.M. of Assiniboia and Parishes of Headingley and St. Charles, while excluding territories held by the Town of Tuxedo and the City of Winnipeg. The first four meetings of the new municipal council were held in a room in his store.

During the 1910s, the area was marketed as "Rydal", a prospective residential locale by the developers of Tuxedo. There was little housing in Charleswood before 1920 and only limited growth between 1920 and 1946. The local economy at the time was chiefly agricultural with dairy and poultry farms, market gardens, and mink ranchers. Following World War II, it became popular with European immigrants who wanted to avoid living too close to the centre of Winnipeg. Development of the area increased, and new houses were constructed in the Roblin Park, Marlton, and Varsity View neighbourhoods. A ferry service was in operation in the region as late as 1958, and a trail leading to the ford was visible until fairly recently. The area experienced particularly strong growth in the 1970s, with at least 7,500 homes built during that decade.

In 1972, the Rural Municipality of Charleswood was among several municipalities that amalgamated into the City of Winnipeg. With Headingley seceding in 1992, the former municipalities on the north and south sides of the Assiniboine River—Charleswood and St. James-Assiniboia, respectively—were reunited as the Assiniboia Community. In 1995, the Charleswood Bridge opened over the Assiniboine River, physically connecting the two communities.

Points of Interest
The Assiniboine Forest is a 700 acre forest in Charleswood and hosts 18 km of walking paths, which connect to Assiniboine Park and to the Harte Trail. The Harte Trail is a 6.5 km multi-use trail that follows an old railway, and forms a part of the Trans Canada Trail

There are two designated historical structures in Charleswood. Located in Caron Park, Caron House is one of the last remaining original farmhouses in Charleswood. Odd Fellows Home is a building originally built as a home for elderly members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and their spouses, as well as orphanage for children of deceased members. Charleswood's former Municipal Hall has also been converted to the Charleswood Community Museum.

Sports
Charleswood is home to the Charleswood Hawks hockey team playing out of the MMJHL. It is also home to the Charleswood Curling Club, home club of 6 time provincial, 2 times national, and 1996 world curling champion Jeff Stoughton.

Education
Charleswood is served by Ward 1 of the Pembina Trails School Division.

It has 9 elementary schools: Pacific Junction School, Royal School, École Charleswood School, École Dieppe, Beaumont School, Beaverlodge School, Westdale School, Westgrove School and River West Park School. It has one secondary school, École secondaire Oak Park High School.

Charleswood is host to the Canadian Mennonite University main campus, which includes the former Manitoba School for the Deaf.

Transportation
Charleswood is served by the 98, 95, 78, 67, 66, 65 and 18 Winnipeg Transit buses.

Crime
Charleswood has very low crime rates. The table below shows the crime rates of various crimes in each of the Charleswood neighbourhoods. The crime data spans 5 years from the year 2017 to the year 2021. The rates are crimes per 100,000 residents per year.

Notable People

 * Brian Bowman, Winnipeg Mayor 2014 - 2022
 * William (Bill) Ralph Clement (June 3, 1948 - May 3, 2010), Winnipeg City Council 1983 - 2010, Winnipeg Deputy Mayor 1993

title: Charleswood, Winnipeg


text: Category:Goliad County, Texas

title: Category:Goliad County, Texas


text:
Disembowelment (band)

Disembowelment, often styled as diSEMBOWELMENT, were an Australian death-doom band that formed in November 1989 featuring Renato Gallina on guitar and vocals, and Paul Mazziotta on drums. In early 1991 Jason Kells joined on lead guitar and at the end of that year the group's line-up was completed by Matthew Skarajew on bass guitar. In 1992 they issued an extended play, Dusk, on Relapse Records and followed with a studio album, Transcendence into the Peripheral, in 1993. They disbanded shortly thereafter – never having performed live. AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia described them as "[s]till revered in underground circles as doom-grind pioneers ... [their works] remain genre classics".

History
Disembowelment formed in Melbourne in November 1989 from the demise of a two-piece grind band Bacteria, featuring Renato Gallina on guitar and vocals, and Paul Mazziotta on drums. With the help of Dean Ruprich from Melbourne death/grind band Necrotomy providing session bass guitar, the band released its first demo, "Mourning September" in September 1990. Disembowelment played a very slow form of doom – with occasional bursts of great speed – that relied equally on the atmospheric effects of droning guitars and constant riffing. The band was known for its atmospheric chanting, slow riffs and spiritual dark elements present in their symphonic, heavily distorted style. They are often credited with spawning the funeral doom movement that developed years later.

In 1991, Jason Kells joined the band on lead guitar. The song "Extracted Nails" was recorded in April 1991 at Double Tea Studios for a compilation on the German label Mangled Beyond Recognition, released the following year. The compilation featured Therion, God Macabre, Rottrevore, Cadaver, Crematory, Pan.Thy.Monium, Cenotaph, and Hydr Hydr. On 3–4 August 1991, the band went back to Double Tea studios to record their second demo, "Deep Sensory Perception into Aural Fate". This recording marked a big step forward in the maturity of the songwriting, performance and overall production. The demo sparked the interest of Relapse Records, who signed them up and released the demo as the Dusk extended play in 1992. It was an edited version of the demo which omitted the linking piece of music between the two tracks. It included the first recorded version of "Cerulean Transience of all My Imagined Shores", a third track not featured on the earlier demo.

At the end of 1991, Matthew Skarajew (ex-Sanctum, lead guitar) had joined the group on bass guitar and they recorded "Cerulean Transience of all My Imagined Shores" the following year. Initially as full time bass guitarist for his early sessions, later he added guitar work (acoustic and melodic). In 1993 Disembowelment released their debut studio album, Transcendence into the Peripheral, which featured a slowly executed drumming style, accompanied by death metal vocals, chants and passages of dark ambience. Disembowelment split up after the album's release. Prior to breaking up, they had mentioned the possibility of a one-off live show that "would be an event, a unique concert". However it never eventuated. At the time they had rehearsed and prepared five cover versions for a potential EP. "Slaughtered Remains" (cover of a Necrovore track) was a demo track which appeared in 2005 on a bonus disc of the limited release of Disembowelment compilation. This featured Mazziotta on drums, Skarajew on guitars and Gallina layered a new vocal track onto it 3 years later.

Allmusic's Eduardo Rivadavia described Disembowelment as "[s]till revered in underground circles as doom-grind pioneers ... [their works] remain genre classics". Justin Donnelly of Metal Forge declared they were "the legendary unground [sic] Australian doom/grindcore/ambient act" and "often referred to as merely a doom band, the sort of music ... is actually far more than eclectic and broad sounding than simply labelling them to one particular genre".

Gallina and Skarajew continued working together in the ethno ambient act, Trial of the Bow, which Skarajew had initiated during his time in Disembowelment. The group released an EP, Ornamentation, and an album, Rite of Passage, to critical approval, notably Rolling Stone and Wired Magazine. Trial of the Bow was licensed to Rykodisc soon after. From 2004 Skarajew and Mazziotta formed a grind band, Pulgar. In October 2005 Disembowelment's catalogue was re-released as a double and limited edition triple CD, Disembowelment by Relapse Records. Two different limited edition vinyl box sets were later released. A related band, d.USK, formed in 2010 with original Disembowelment members Skarajew and Mazziotta and played some their former group's material as a live band. In late 2011 d.USK split and re-emerged under the name Inverloch, which plays a different form of death/doom than Disembowelment and d.USK.

In 2019 Renato revisited the track "Nightside of Eden" gifting it to the forum Doom-Metal.com. The track was released alongside a statement and digital download links for both WAV and mp3 formats. ""In 2019, Renato Gallina, the founder behind Australian death/doom band, Disembowelment, felt a powerful urge to re-visit the track, Nightside of Eden, which was featured on their one and only album, 'Transcendence into The Peripheral'. Gallina was always incredibly dissatisfied with this version and stated that it 'was the weakest and most regretful moment on the album'. Almost 3 decades later, the track has been re-contextualised and is finally true to how it was originally meant to sound.""

2020 saw the limited repressing of "Transcendence into the Peripheral" and the release of "Dusk / Deep Sensory Procession into Aural Fate" under Relapse Records, which combined Disembowelment's only EP and a remaster of their second demo.

Discography

 * Mourning September (Demo, 1990)
 * Deep Sensory Procession into Aural Fate (Demo, 1991)
 * Dusk (EP, 1992)
 * Transcendence into the Peripheral (studio, 1993)
 * Disembowelment (2×CD/3×CD compilation, 2005)
 * Dusk / Deep Sensory Procession into Aural Fate (2xLP Compilation, 2020)

title: Disembowelment (band)


text:
Anti-Fascist Military Organisation

Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa (Polish for Anti-Fascist Military Organisation), AOB, was an underground organization formed in 1942 in the Ghetto in Białystok by former officers of the Polish Land Forces. It took part in the Białystok Ghetto uprising.

Its tasks included organisation of escape routes for the people incarcerated in the Ghetto as well as gathering arms and equipment for the future fight against the Germans. Since February 1943 it carried over many attacks on German authorities and armed forces operating in the Ghetto. On August 15, 1943, the AOB members started an ill-fated struggle against the liquidation of the Ghetto, which is known as the Białystok Ghetto Uprising.

title: Anti-Fascist Military Organisation


text:
AOB

AOB may refer to:

 * Accessory olfactory bulb, the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb
 * Ace of Base, a Swedish pop group
 * ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
 * Angle of bank, in aviation
 * Angle On the Bow, a variable in nautical rangekeeping
 * open bite, in dentistry
 * Antioxidant of bamboo leaves
 * Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa
 * Assignment of Benefits, medical terminology
 * Any Other Business, an agenda item for free miscellaneous points
 * Austin O'Brien Catholic High School, a Catholic Senior High School in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 * Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, a type of Nitrifying bacteria

AoB may refer to:

 * Array of Bytes

aob may refer to:

 * Abom language, a nearly extinct language spoken in Papua New Guinea (ISO 639-3 code)

title: AOB


text:
Talk:Belgian

Should this page be a redirect to Belgium?
I sincerely think it shouldn't. Otherwise it could be very difficult for someone looking for the topic "Belgian (horse)" to find it. While someone looking for Belgian (citizen) will always find its way to Belgium thanks to the disambig page. To my humble opinion. --Edcolins 21:23, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * We have a set policy for dealing with these situations. Paris does not disambig to Paris, Ontario. St. Petersburg goes straight to the one in Russia, with a separate page pointing to St. Petersburg, Florida.  In general a term needs to refer to an alternate meaning 20% of the time to justify a disambig page.  Otherwise it just gets pointed to from a line on the top of the main article. - SimonP 21:35, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * This policy does not apply to this case, since there is no proper article on Belgian, the citizen of Belgium, but rather a redirect to Belgium's article. Specifically, the "Primary topic" disambiguation policy does not apply to Belgian while it does apply to Belgium (disambiguation)/Belgium. Again, someone looking for Belgian, the horse, would have no way to even find the article he is looking for if there would be no disambiguation page for Belgian. He would have to go from Belgium to Belgium (disambiguation) to eventually find the article. --Edcolins 21:57, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

There are no proper article at St. Petersburg, Toronto, or many other articles with separate disambig pages. The standard rules apply to these and to Belgian. - SimonP 22:03, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

Some more examples: All then disambig based on their redirects - SimonP 22:10, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * ALU -> Arithmetic and logical unit
 * Dreadnought -> Battleship
 * Postal service -> Mail
 * Okay... but with the intro in Belgium linking to the horse (in conformance with your examples). That's a fair solution. It is not what you had done initially though ;) . I think we have a deal now... --Edcolins 22:21, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

Requested move 25 December 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. There is a rough consensus that there is no primary topic and as such the disambiguation page should be at the base title. (closed by non-admin page mover) Lennart97 (talk) 14:30, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

Belgian (disambiguation) → Belgian – Belgian is currently a redirect to Belgians, a page that explains Belgian people. But this redirect is ambiguous and it could mean many other things like Belgian language, something related to Belgium, etc. I think the current Belgian (disambiguation) should be moved to Belgian so that pages will be disambiguated on that page, at the same time eliminating the redirect of Belgian, which is not unique to Belgian people. Dragoniez (talk) 05:41, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support Belgian horse gets 3,653 views compared with 5,814 for Belgians and some other alternatives get more[].  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 10:33, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Retarget DAB page to Belgium giving "Belgian" or "Belgians" are demonyms for the country named Belgium. I oppose the page move, but retarget to correct page feels reasonable. 125.167.59.84 (talk) 14:19, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I oppose your idea for the reasons I already provided. "Belgian" isn't unique to one concept. -- Dragoniez (talk) 00:59, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per nomination, per Crouch, Swale and per WP:CONSISTENT — Afghan, Albanian, Algerian, Andorran, Angolan, Antiguan, Armenian, Austrian, Azerbaijani, Bahamian, Bahraini, Barbadian, Belarusian, Belizean, Bolivian, Bosnian, Brazilian, Bruneian, Bulgarian or Cambodian, to name but twenty — are all dab pages that do not use the parenthetical qualifier "(disambiguation)", therefore confirming that WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS to an extremely high degree, with Belgian (disambiguation) being an exception. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 04:53, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Disambiguation has been notified of this discussion. — Shibboleth ink  (♔ ♕) 17:31, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Support. There is no primary topic here. Rreagan007 (talk) 21:46, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This page is a disambiguation page and should keep its title per MOS:DABPAGENAME. Belgian can keep redirecting to Belgians as it is its primary topic per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Hosortyr (talk) 01:04, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * No offense but your comment makes me wonder if you know that a DAB page doesn't need to have a "disambiguation" qualifier in the title. -- Dragoniez (talk) 05:28, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comment. I'm not offensed. I based my comment on what I read in MOS:DABPAGENAME. "If there is already a primary topic, "(disambiguation)" should be added to the title of the disambiguation page". In this case, the Belgian people is clearly the primary topic. Moreover, as a reader, the "(disambiguation)" qualifer allowed me to quickly understand it's a DAB page. Hosortyr (talk) 16:05, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * If you think that there is a primary topic/redirect that's fine. But the "(disambiguation)" title disambiguator isn't used on disambiguation pages that have no primary topic/redirect. Rreagan007 (talk) 17:46, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * See WP:DABNAME and WP:MALPLACED, the other uses come up in the search box so if someone is clicking on the title with no "(disambiguation)" as opposed to one of the other uses its probably because they've not wanted on of the other uses rathan than thinking this page is one of them.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:50, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. Post-close comment: any help with disambiguating the 1500+ incoming links is appreciated. Lennart97 (talk) 14:34, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support (pretty uncontroversial) per nom; Crouch, Swale; Roman Spinner. Llew Mawr (talk) 00:12, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per Roman Spinner and others. User:力 (powera, π,  ν ) 19:32, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Belgian


text:
Skåre, Sweden

Skåre is a locality situated in Karlstad Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 5,402 inhabitants in 2010. The town grew up around the railway station which was an important transshipment point: goods transported on the Klarälven River were here transferred to rail for onward conveyance, and vice versa.

title: Skåre, Sweden