text:
Acosta Bridge

The St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on a fixed span. It is named for City Councilman St. Elmo W. Acosta, who convinced voters to approve a $950,000 bond issue for the original bridge at the site. It carries a total of six lanes of SR 13 with the two-track Jacksonville Skyway in the median and sidewalks on the outside.

Prior to its replacement in 1991, the bridge, originally called St. Johns River Bridge, opened in 1921 and carried three lanes (center one reversible) on a lift bridge of similar design to the nearby Main Street Bridge but was known as the Yellow Monster, largely for its tendency to stick in the upward position. Tolls were charged until 1940, earning more than $4 million for the City of Jacksonville. At some time in 1991, the original bridge was closed to allow construction of the new one to proceed.

The Acosta Bridge was also notable due to its blue neon lights that illuminated the bridge at night. In February 2015 the Jacksonville Transportation Authority announced that the neon lights would "be off indefinitely with no return date on the books" citing a lack of funding for repairs. However, in 2019 the JTA began a $2.6 million project to replace the inoperable neon lights with LED lights. Installation is expected to be completed by summer 2020 and unlike the neon lights, the new LEDs will be able to display any color, not just blue.

North (downtown) approach
The original north approach was a T-shaped viaduct, with the bridge ending at Riverside Avenue (US 17/SR 15). Just southwest of the Acosta Bridge, Riverside Avenue passed over the adjacent Florida East Coast Railway bridge approach.

When the bridge was rebuilt, the intersection was rebuilt as a semi-directional T interchange. Direct high-speed connections were provided between the bridge and both directions on Riverside Avenue, as well as a direct ramp from the bridge to the intersection of Broad Street and Bay Street (Riverside Avenue splits into a one-way pair of Broad Street and Jefferson Street north of the bridge).

South approach
The bridge originally emptied out on Miami Road (now Prudential Drive) just west of San Marco Boulevard, with a continuation, at least southbound, to San Marco Boulevard. SR 13 went south on San Marco Boulevard, and was later changed to go east on Miami Road.

Around 1958, a system of freeways was built in Jacksonville. This system included an eastern approach for the recently opened Fuller Warren Bridge, along with the older Acosta Bridge and Main Street Bridge, carrying traffic to the Philips Highway (U.S. Route 1 (SR 5)) and Atlantic Boulevard (US 90 (SR 10)). A new approach to the Acosta Bridge was built, splitting from the old one two blocks north of Miami Road, and passing over the intersection of Miami Road and San Marco Boulevard before merging with the other bridge approaches. The old approach became southbound only, and northbound access was provided at Mary Street, two blocks north of Miami Road. A northbound exit was also provided at Mary Street for traffic coming from the south and east. No southbound entrance was provided, but the adjacent Main Street Bridge approach provided access in that direction.

When the bridge was rebuilt, the south approach was kept almost identical. The only real difference was a new northbound onramp from Museum Circle, one block north of Mary Street. The popular Diamond Head Lobster House was in its path and had to be demolished.

title: Acosta Bridge


text:
Aerfer Sagittario 2

The Aerfer Sagittario 2 (Italian for sagittarius) was a prototype all-metal single-seat lightweight fighter aircraft built in Italy by Aerfer, intended to serve as an interceptor or light tactical support aircraft. First flown in 1956, it became the first Italian aircraft to break the sound barrier in controlled flight when it reached Mach 1.1 during a dive from 13,725 m (45,000 ft).

Design and development
The Sagittario 2 was based on the earlier Sagittario, which was itself a development of the S.7 piston-engined training aircraft that went into service with the Italian Air Force in small numbers.

A small all-metal aircraft, the Sagittario 2 had its jet engine mounted in the nose, with the exhaust underneath the mid-fuselage. The wing and tail surfaces were highly-swept. The cockpit was moved forward of its position on the Sagittario's predecessors, and equipped with a bubble canopy. A tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with the nose gear retracting under the engine.

Development continued as the Ariete.

Operators

 * Italian Air Force operated two aircraft for evaluation test
 * Italian Air Force operated two aircraft for evaluation test

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aerfer Sagittario 2


text:
Education in Tasmania

The education system in Tasmania comprises the education of children from their early years, through kindergarten, primary and high school, and tertiary education in universities and vocational education and training organisations. The system is delivered by the government-run K–12 schooling system, and numerous independent schools and colleges, most of which are controlled or sponsored by religious organisations. Public education in Tasmania is managed primarily by the Department for Education, Children and Young People. The Department is responsible for all aspects of education in Tasmania including schooling, adult education, the State Library and TasTAFE, a vocational tertiary institution with many campuses around the state.

Education in Australia details a national overview of the education system.

History
The oldest tertiary institution to be founded in Australia was the theological school Christ College in Bishopsbourne, Tasmania, in 1846. Today Christ College is a residential college of the University of Tasmania, which was founded in 1890, making the university the fourth oldest in the country.

In 1868 Tasmania became the first Australian colony to introduce compulsory education. In 1885 the Tasmanian Department of Education was founded under the Education Act 1885 (Tas), the fifth Australian colony to establish a government department with specific responsibility for education and public instruction. In 1908 school fees for compulsory education were abolished, the last Australian state to do so.

Early childhood education
The Tasmanian Education Department Launching into Learning program is a free program for young children (from birth to 4 years old) and their families. It helps parents and their child get to know their local school and other families. Launching into Learning operates in all Tasmanian Government primary and district schools and Child and Family Centres.

Primary education
Whereas all other Australian states have a two-tiered system for primary and secondary education, in Tasmania a three-tiered system applies covering primary, high school for students from Years 7 to 10, and colleges for students in Years 11 and 12, and in some college, an optional Year 13. Kindergarten commences for children aged from four years old on 1 January in the year of enrolment. Children who are formally identified as gifted may be eligible to start Kindergarten early – and they must be aged at least three years and six months as of 1 January in the year in which they will start. Students begin their first year of school (preparatory) in the year the child will turn six years of age. They spend seven years in primary school before progressing to secondary education, like other states.

Secondary education
Similarly to other states, years 11 and 12 students can obtain the Tasmanian Certificate of Education (TCE) or can complete Vocational Education Training. Yet unlike other states, Tasmania has separate schools, called colleges, for the final two years. Years 7-10 are undertaken at high schools, although district schools and many nongovernment schools combine primary, high school, and college education together, depending on the needs of the school.

There has been much of criticism of this system of education as only half of Year 10 students will go on to college and complete their secondary education. Furthermore, 50% of the state is classified as functionally illiterate, and more than half of the state's teenagers fall below the national baseline for maths. Students who do not live near a college, which are all located in Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie, are frequently required to board to obtain their TCE, forcing many 16 year-olds to leave home. However, recent changes by the Tasmanian government has led to a push to make regional high schools offer TCE subjects.

Public high schools
Public high schools entirely co-educational and teach students from Years 7 to 10 or more recently Year 12. A list of these schools is located at the list of high schools in Tasmania.

Colleges (Senior High Schools)
In Tasmania, colleges are Senior High Schools that cater only for Year 11 and 12 students. There are eight colleges in Tasmania.

Non-government schools
The non-government schools in Tasmania generally have a religious affiliation, although the involvement of the sponsoring organisation varies between schools. The schools differ in the format of public schools and offer a range of year levels. A list of these schools is located at the list of non-government schools in Tasmania.

District schools
In Tasmania there are 26 district schools or district high schools. These schools are located in rural areas where primary and secondary education are taught on a single campus, usually ranging from kindergarten to Year 12 (K-12). A list of these schools is located at the list of district schools in Tasmania.

Homeschool education
Tasmania has an active Homeschooling community. Homeschool families in Tasmania must be registered with the Tasmanian Home Education Advisory Council (THEAC), which is an advisory and monitoring board which reports to the Minister for Education. In 2012 there were 660 homeschooling students registered in Tasmania, giving Tasmania the highest ratio of homeschooled students to students in traditional schools (6.4 per 1000 children) in Australia.

Tertiary education
The largest public education institution in Tasmania is the University of Tasmania, with major campuses at Newnham (in Launceston) and Sandy Bay (in Hobart), along with a north-west centre in Burnie. TasTAFE (formerly known as TAFE Tasmania) also offers Tertiary qualifications across multiple locations within Tasmania.

School terms
The academic year in Tasmania generally runs from the beginning of February until mid-December for primary and secondary schools, and for colleges exams start early in November. Tasmanian schools operate on a four-term basis. Schools are closed for the Tasmanian public holidays.

title: Education in Tasmania


text:
Farewell to Manzanar

Farewell to Manzanar is a memoir published in 1973 by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston. The book describes the experiences of Jeanne Wakatsuki and her family before, during, and following their relocation to the Manzanar internment camp due to the United States government's internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1976 starring Yuki Shimoda, Nobu McCarthy, James Saito, Pat Morita, and Mako.

Synopsis
Jeanne Wakatsuki (the book's narrator) is a Nisei (child of a Japanese immigrant). At age seven, Wakatsuki—a native-born American citizen—and her family were living on Ocean Park (near San Pedro, California). They have to move to Terminal Island, where her father, a fisherman who owned two boats, was arrested by the FBI following the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941.

Soon after, she and the rest of her family were imprisoned at Manzanar (an American internment camp), where 11,070 Americans of Japanese ancestry and their immigrant parents—who were prevented from becoming American citizens by law—were confined during the Japanese American internment during World War II. The book describes the Wakatsukis' experiences during their imprisonment and events concerning the family before and after the war.

Ko Wakatsuki (Jeanne's father) emigrated from Japan to Honolulu, Hawaii and then to Idaho, running away with his wife and abandoning his family. Stubborn and proud, he did not cope well with his isolation: he drank and abused his family. Woody (Jeanne's brother) wants to preserve his family's honor by joining the U.S. Army. After joining (and fighting in the Pacific theater) he visits his father's Aunt Toyo, who gave his father money for the trip to Hawaii. After the visit, Woody feels a new pride in his ancestry. He becomes the man of the family, leading them early in their internment.

On the morning of December 7, 1941, Jeanne Wakatsuki says farewell to her father's sardine fleet at San Pedro Harbor. By the time the boats return, news reaches the family that the Japanese have bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Jeanne's father burns his Japanese flag and identity papers but is arrested by the FBI and beaten when taken to jail. Jeanne's mother moves the family to the Japanese ghetto on Terminal Island, and then to Boyle Heights in Los Angeles. On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 giving the military authority to relocate those posing a potential threat to national security. Americans of Japanese descent await their final destination; “their common sentiment is shikata ga nai” ("it cannot be helped”). A month later the government orders the Wakatsukis to move to the Manzanar Relocation Center, in the desert 225 miles northeast of Los Angeles.

At the camp, the Japanese Americans find cramped living conditions, badly prepared food, unfinished barracks, and dust blowing in through every crack and knothole. There is not enough warm clothing to go around; many fall ill from immunizations and poorly preserved food, and they face the indignity of non-partitioned camp toilets (which particularly upsets Jeanne's mother). The Wakatsukis stop eating together in the camp mess hall, and the family begins to disintegrate. Jeanne, virtually abandoned by her family, takes an interest in the other people in camp and studies religion with two nuns. However, after she suffers sunstroke when imagining herself a suffering saint, her father orders Jeanne to stop.

Jeanne's father is arrested and returns a year later from the Fort Lincoln Internment Camp. The family is unsure how to greet him; only Jeanne welcomes him openly. She has always admired her father (who left his samurai family in Japan to protest the declining social status of the samurai), and fondly remembers how he conducts himself—from his courtship of Jeanne's mother to his virtuoso pig-carving. Something happened, however, during his time at the detention camp (where government interrogators accused him of disloyalty and espionage); he is now in a downward emotional spiral. He becomes violent and drinks heavily, nearly striking Jeanne's mother with his cane before Kiyo (Jeanne's youngest brother) punches their father in the face.

The men's frustration eventually results in the December Riot, which breaks out after three men are arrested for beating a man suspected of helping the government. The rioters roam the camp searching for inu (both “dog” and “traitor” in Japanese). The military police try to stop the riot; in the chaos they shoot into the crowd, killing two Japanese and wounding ten others. That night, a patrol group accosts Jeanne's brother-in-law, Kaz, and his fellow workers and accuses them of sabotage. The mess-hall bells ring until noon the following day, as a memorial to the dead. Soon after, the government requires a loyalty oath to distinguish loyal Japanese from potential enemies. Opinion about whether to take the oath is divided. Answering “no” to the loyalty questions will result in deportation, but answering “yes” will result in being drafted. Jeanne's father and Woody answer “yes”, and Papa attacks a man for calling him an inu. That night Jeanne overhears her father singing the Japanese national anthem, "Kimigayo", whose lyrics speak of the endurance of stones.

After the riot, camp life calms down; the Wakatsuki family moves to a nicer barracks near a pear orchard, where Jeanne's father takes up gardening. Manzanar begins to resemble a typical American town: schools open, residents are allowed short trips outside the camp, and Jeanne's oldest brother Bill forms a dance band called the Jive Bombers. She explores the world inside the camp, trying out Japanese and American hobbies before taking up baton twirling. Jeanne returns to her religious studies and is about to be baptized when her father intervenes. She begins to distance herself from him, but the birth of a grandchild draws her parents closer together than ever.

By the end of 1944, the number of people at Manzanar dwindles; men are drafted, and families take advantage of the government's new policy of relocating families away from the west coast. Woody is drafted and, despite his father's protests, leaves in November to join the all-Nisei 442nd Combat Regiment. While in the military, Woody visits his father's family in Hiroshima. He meets Toyo, his father's aunt, and finally understands his father's pride. In December, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the internment policy is illegal and the War Department prepares to close the camps. The remaining residents, fearing the future, postpone their departure but eventually are ordered to leave. Jeanne's father decides to leave in style, buying a broken-down blue sedan to ferry his family back to Long Beach.

In Long Beach, the Wakatsukis move into public housing, Cabrillo Homes. Although they fear public hatred, they see little sign of it. On the first day of sixth grade, however, a girl in Jeanne's class is amazed at Jeanne's ability to speak English; this makes Jeanne realize that prejudice is not always open and direct. She later becomes close friends with the girl (Radine, who lives in the same housing project). The two share the same activities and tastes, but when they reach high school subtle prejudice keeps Jeanne from the social and extracurricular success available to Radine.

Jeanne retreats into herself, and nearly drops out of school; however, when her father moves the family to a berry farm in San Jose she decides to make another attempt at school life. Her homeroom nominates her queen of the school's annual spring carnival, and for the election assembly, she leaves her hair loose and wears an exotic sarong. Although the teachers try to prevent her from winning, her friend Leonard Rodriguez exposes the teachers’ plot and ensures her victory. Jeanne's father, however, is furious that she won the election by flaunting her sexuality before American boys. He forces her to take Japanese dance lessons, but she soon quits. As a compromise, Jeanne wears a conservative dress to the coronation ceremony; however, the crowd's muttering makes her realize that neither the exotic sarong nor the conservative dress represents her true self.

In April 1972, Jeanne revisits Manzanar with her husband and three children. She needs to remind herself that the camp actually existed; over the years, she began to think she imagined the whole thing. Walking through the ruins, the sounds and sights of the camp come back to her. Seeing her eleven-year-old daughter, Jeanne realizes that her life began at the camp (as her father's life ended there). She remembers him driving crazily through camp before leaving with his family, and finally understands his stubborn pride.

Distribution
The non-fiction book has become a curriculum staple in schools and universities across the United States. In an effort to educate Californians about the experiences of Japanese Americans who were confined in American internment camps during World War II, the book and the movie were distributed in 2002 as a part of a kit to approximately 8,500 public elementary and secondary schools and 1,500 public libraries in the state. The kit included study guides tailored to the book and a video teaching guide.

On October 7, 2011, the Japanese American National Museum (JANM) announced that it had negotiated the rights for the 1976 NBC-produced film directed by John Korty; it was made available for purchase from JANM.

title: Farewell to Manzanar


text:
User:Karlheg

Karl Hegbloom (karlheg AT gmail.com)

2003-2006: Science, Mathematics, and Computer Science student at Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.

2007: Full-time self-directed Computer Science student at home, and Free-lance Linux and LaTeX consultant, Park City, Utah, USA.

title: User:Karlheg


text:
Fermentation lock

A fermentation lock or fermentation airlock is a device used in beer brewing and wine making that allows carbon dioxide released during fermentation to escape the fermenter, while not allowing air to enter the fermenter, thus avoiding oxidation.

There are two main designs for the fermentation lock. These designs work when half filled with water. When the pressure of the gas inside the fermentation vessel exceeds the prevailing atmospheric pressure the gas will push its way through the water as individual bubbles into the outside air. A sanitizing solution, sulphur dioxide or alcohol is sometimes placed in the fermentation lock to prevent contamination of the beverage in case the water is inadvertently drawn into the fermenter.

This device may take the form of a tube connected to the headspace of the fermenting vessel into a tub of sanitized liquid or a simpler device mounted directly on top of the fermentation vessel.

Currently, a popular fermentation lock that mounts on top of the fermentation vessel is the three-piece fermentation lock. Other models contain three bulbous chambers allowing for a broader range of pressure equalization. These bulbous fermentation locks were generally made of hand blown glass and are nowadays often made of clear plastic.

The use of perforated rubber balloons offers an easy and inexpensive alternative to conventional airlocks: as used primarily in homebrewing, the balloon is stretched over the orifice of the fermentation vessel and, if necessary, tightened with rubber bands. The balloon is then perforated with a needle. These punctures, while not completely airtight, sufficiently protect the vessel's contents from contamination and allow the gases produced by fermentation to evacuate from the vessel as the pressure rises and the balloon inflates.

title: Fermentation lock


text:
Talk:Battambang province

Potential confusing article
I retract the suggestion for deletion as I realized that this was on the page about Battambang province and the other one was about the city proper. Nonetheless the statements below remain true.

While Googling information about Battambang province I stumbled upon this page. Not only does it provide very little information but apparently it has been defaced with false information such as a majority of the people living in this province are Thai. For an article about a Cambodian province it references a lot of Thai information too. So those have been cleaned up.

Page was moved from Batdambang to Battambang for the correct spelling squash 02:31, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

write more
gwah...why is there so little written info on cambodia?..Someone go write more on the other subjects...where are the cambodian americans???...put a photo up...there so many pages to work onIfire 06:05, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

God, whoever wrrite these articles relating to cambodia does a sloppy job. no offense but it looks terrible and has bad english written stuff.

Communes of Battambang
Are the communes really necessary to each have a page on wikipedia? Please merge all the commune articles to their respective districts and leave all necessary information such as commune name/villages in an infobox. Likewise, I'll try to do the same for the khmer wiki. Trilinguist (talk) 11:27, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Battambang Province. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100315131214/http://www.lonelyplanet.com:80/cambodia/northwestern-cambodia/wat-ek-phnom to http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cambodia/northwestern-cambodia/wat-ek-phnom
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081205070748/http://www.moc.gov.kh:80/national_data_resource/Provincial%20Resources/Battambang/Index.htm to http://www.moc.gov.kh/national_data_resource/Provincial%20Resources/Battambang/Index.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:11, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:06, 8 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Naktadambangkragnoung.jpg

title: Talk:Battambang province


text:
Tom G. Palmer

Thomas Gordon Palmer (born 1956, Bitburg-Mötsch, West Germany) is an American libertarian author and theorist, a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute and Vice President for International Programs at the Atlas Network.

Professional life
Palmer earned his B.A. in liberal arts from St. John's College, his M.A. in philosophy from The Catholic University of America, and his doctorate in political science from Oxford University. At Oxford, Palmer was an H. B. Earhart Fellow at Hertford College and the President of the Oxford Hayek Society.

Palmer has been active in the promotion of libertarian and classical liberal ideas and policies since the early 1970s. He has been editor of several publications, including Dollars & Sense (the newspaper of the National Taxpayers Union), Update, and the Humane Studies Review, and has published articles in such newspapers and magazines as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, the Spectator of London, National Review, Slate, Ethics, and the Cato Journal.

He teaches political economy and legal and constitutional history for the Institute for Humane Studies the Institute of Economic Studies Europe. He also works with such organizations as Liberty Fund, and the Council on Public Policy, He blogs at his own website and at Cato@Liberty and is a contributor to the Independent Gay Forum. Palmer is the director of Cato University, a summer seminar sponsored by the Cato Institute.

Palmer is a Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute, where he was previously also Vice President for International Programs and director of its Center for the Promotion of Human Rights. He remains director of Cato University. On January 1, 2009, the center's programs were shifted to the Atlas Economic Research Foundation and the Atlas Global Initiative for Free Trade, Peace, and Prosperity. Palmer is Executive Vice President of the Atlas Network and General Director of its Global Initiative, which has since expanded its programs. The Atlas Economic Research Foundation was founded by Antony Fisher, the moving force behind Britain's classical liberal Institute of Economic Affairs.

Involvement in Eastern Europe
Before joining the Cato Institute, he was a vice president of the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University. During the late 1980s and the very early 1990s, he worked with the Institute for Humane Studies and other organizations to spread classical liberal/libertarian ideas in Eastern Europe. He traveled throughout the region to hold seminars and smuggled books, cash, photocopiers, and fax machines from an office in Vienna, Austria. He arranged for translation and publication into a variety of central and eastern European languages of textbooks in economics and law, as well as seminal works by Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and other thinkers in the libertarian and liberal traditions. He remains active in the region as a speaker at various conferences and seminars, like Liberty Seminars in Slovenia.

Involvement in the Middle East
Palmer is currently attempting to duplicate in the Middle East some of the work he did in Eastern Europe. He has commissioned translation into Middle Eastern languages (Arabic, Kurdish, Persian, and Azeri) and publication of works by Frederic Bastiat, F. A. Hayek, James Madison, and other libertarian influences, and has published essays in Middle Eastern languages on such topics as "Challenges of Democratization" and "Religion and the Law." In April 2005 Palmer addressed members of the Iraqi parliament in the parliamentary assembly hall on constitutionalism and has written on Iraq. He has also promoted the creation of a libertarian web site, lampofliberty.org, where it is available in Arabic, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, and Persian; and started an Arabic publishing venture. He continues to lecture in the Middle East and works closely with Arabic and Persian bloggers. He has been actively involved in campaigning for free speech rights in the Middle East, notably with the campaign to free Abdelkareem Nabil Soliman, through articles in the Washington Post, the Daily Star of Lebanon, and other activities.

Palmer opposed the invasion of Iraq before it happened and criticized its conduct afterwards.

Works
Palmer has published essays on the philosophy of individual rights (e.g., in an essay from Individual Rights Reconsidered, edited by Tibor Machan (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2001), a substantive response to G. A. Cohen's attack on property rights, several responses to the theories of Cass Sunstein and Stephen Holmes, and essays on multicultural politics, on globalization, on globalization and personal and cultural identity, and on libertarian political philosophy.     Palmer also published an extensive bibliographical essay on libertarianism in The Libertarian Reader, edited by David Boaz. He has published law review articles  on intellectual property that have garnered substantial attention within the legal and technological community for his general critique of patents and copyrights and his suggestions of contractual and technological solutions to the problems for which intellectual property rights are usually proposed as solutions.

Palmer also currently publishes a popular blog Tom G. Palmer's Blog. In 2009, many of his essays and op-eds were published as Realizing Freedom: Libertarian Theory, History, and Practice and a 2nd expanded edition of the book was published later as well. He served as editor for The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors Won't Tell You, which was published in 2011 and featured essays from Nobel Prize winners Mario Vargas Llosa and Vernon L. Smith, Whole Foods Market CEO and founder John Mackey, and scholars from around the world. After the Welfare State: Politicians Stole Your Future, You Can Get It Back, published in 2012, was another book for which he served as editor and also contributed essays. Over 150,000 copies of After The Welfare State was distributed by Students for Liberty to student groups for free. In 2013, Why Liberty: Your Life, Your Choices, Your Future was published, which featured Dr. Palmer as editor and contributor. Palmer is also the editor of Peace, Love & Liberty, a book published in 2014 that features selected writings from Radley Balko, Steven Pinker, Jeffrey Miron, and others.

Political activities
Palmer's political activities include being a founding member and national secretary of the Committee Against Registration and the Draft (1979–81), president of the Oxford Civil Liberties Society (1993–94), and manager or communications director for several political campaigns. He was a plaintiff in Parker v. District of Columbia, a successful lawsuit in Washington, D.C. to secure the right to own a handgun in one's home, based on the text of the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The case had particular personal significance for him, in that he once survived an attempted assault because he was armed with a handgun. Palmer believes that his attackers were motivated by anti-gay animus; he is openly gay.

Published books

 * Why Liberty: Your Life, Your Choices, Your Future
 * Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors Won't Tell You
 * After the Welfare State: Politicians Stole Your Future, You Can Get It Back
 * Peace, Love & Liberty

About Palmer

 * Biography of Tom Palmer, Cato Institute
 * Curriculum Vitae
 * Institute for Humane Studies biography and publications
 * TomGPalmer.com, Tom Palmer's personal weblog
 * "In Arabic, 'Internet' Means 'Freedom'" – Jonathan Rauch on Palmer's work in Arab world

title: Tom G. Palmer


text:
User:Vagalec

Vladimir Vysotsky is an outstanding Russian poet of the 60ties whose popularity can be compared with that of Bob Dylan in the USA Here is an article written by the great poet's father which throws light on some facts from the poet's life.

THIS IS WHAT OUR SON WAS LIKE

by S.V. Vysotsky

Translayed by Alec Vagapov

Vladimir Vysotsky has left a big creative heritage, and there have already been attempts to analyze it both in the press and in books written on him. Obviously, this is only the beginning, for further investigation and attempts to understand Vysotsky's creative work are yet to come. As his father, I should like to dwell on some moment's in my son's life which throw light on his personality, disposition and, in the final analysis, on his works. The biography of a person, including his creative biography, begins at home, in his family, because one's personal life tends to be interwoven with one's closest relatives, and each family lives in accordance with its own rules and laws. Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow on January 25th, 1938. In his early childhood he lived with my first wife Nina. What were those years like? Well, as it was the case with other children of the prewar period it was life in communal flats with many neighbors and quite unsophisticated toys. Then the was the war time. Vladimir and his mother lived in immigration for two years, and though I did send them my officer's data still they were quite hard up. So Vladimir's early childhood was not very happy. I would like to say a few words about my pedigree because Vladimir had some traits of his relatives. His grandfather Vladimir Vysotsky was an educated man, in fact, he had higher education in three fields : economy, chemistry and law. His grandmother Darya was a medical employee and for many years worked as a cosmetologist. She was an ardent theatergoer and was particularly fond of the Russian Theatre of Drama in Kiev where she would not miss a single new play. She was very happy about her grandson choosing the path of an actor and going to the theatrical studio at Moscow Academic Theatre of Drama. She liked Vladimir's songs and the way he performed them. When he visited Kiev on a tour with his Taganka Theatre he would always invite his grandmother to see the performance. She was proud of her grandson. Vladimir inherited my disposition and gait and also my voice : when talking on the phone even our closest friends and relatives could not tell his voice from mine. When I was young I learned to play the piano, though I did not go beyond the basic skills. I liked singing and my favorite songs were those of Vertinsky and Dunayevsky as well as some other popular songs. In the film «The Place of Meeting Cannot Be Changed» Vladimir sang one of Vertinsky's songs precisely the way I do it, and later he asked me if I had recognized myself. I said I had. I come from Kiev. I studied at Moscow Technical School of Communication where I took a course of military training. Upon graduation I got the rank of a junior lieutenant, and in March 1941 I was drafted for military service. I went through the war from the first to the last day taking part in the defense of Moscow, the liberation of Donbass, and Lvov, as well as the seizure of Berlin and went as far as Prague. I have 28 orders and medals of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia; I am an honorary citizen of the Czechoslovak city of Kladno. After the war I graduated from The Military Academy of Communication, served in signal troops and retired in the rank of a colonel. From 1971 to 1988 I worked at an enterprise of the Ministry of Communication. I am a pensioner now. The war separated me from my son for four years. We met in June, 1945 in Moscow. I arrived along with the 1st Ukrainian Front under the command of Lelushenko, when we prepared for the military parade in Moscow. It was at that time when I presented Vladimir with my major's shoulder loops. Later he described this occasion in his poem called «The Ballad of My Childhood». Nina and I could not get on somehow, and when we separated we decided that our son would stay with me. Vladimir came to stay with me in January 1947, and my second wife Yevgenia became Vladimir's second mother for many years to come. They had much in common and like each other which made me really happy. I served in the city of Eberswald, Germany. I would be away from home for weeks on end to participate in exercises, field training and so on. It was Yevgenia who took care of Vladimir and brought him up. She indulged him yielding to his whims and desires. Once, for example, he told her he wanted a military uniform just like his father's, with box calf boots. Yevgenia went in search of a shoe maker until she found one. When the jackboots were ready Vladimir put them next to mine, comparing, and seeing that they were absolutely identical he was elated. He willingly had his picture taken at the photographer's. I still keep that picture. In those days Vladimir began to show his character. Yevgenia recalled how one day I went hare hunting and when he saw the hare I had killed Vladimir asked her : «Why did daddy do that?» On another occasion Yevgenia put a strip of chamois fur in Vladimir's boots for comfort and warmth but he would not wear them. «They pinch here, they are too tight there, my toes are burning... » - he kept complaining. In the end we had to give the boots to a boy from the neighborhood. Did Vladimir differ from other children ? No, except that he was fidgety and daring and thus he was the leader in games and mischievous tricks. He would come home with his knees grazed and his face sooty. Obviously, he had played a game of war. The burnt eyebrows and soot on his face showed that there had been a grenade or cartridge explosion. Vladimir learnt to swim early. He would swim several times across the river Finow which had not yet been cleared of shells and mines. I wanted him to learn to play the piano, and we hired a tutor to teach him. The tutor said Vladimir had a perfect ear for music. But the street seemed to be more attractive to him, and so Yevgenia resorted to a trick : she, too, started learning to play the piano, as if challenging Vladimir. He showed generosity and kindness from early childhood. I remember buying him a bicycle, he did some riding, and after a while he gave it, as a gift, to a German boy, and this is how he explained it to me: «You are alive, daddy, whereas he hasn't got a father». What could I say to that ? He had retained this generosity for the rest of his life. When he was grown up and traveled around the country or abroad he would bring plenty of gifts to friends and relatives, and if he was lacking for a gift for someone he would give away what he had bought for himself. He liked to please people and make them happy. His friends remember him to be not only generous but also affectionate and even tender. He respected elderly people and was a loyal friend, a tactful and a well brought up man. It was Yevgenia's contribution who had developed those remarkable traits in him. Vladimir could not stand injustice and indifference, he would stick up for a weakling when he saw one being hurt. He would often come home with shadows under the eyes for that reason. Once he was resting in the country house in the village of Plyuta on the Dnieper together with Vitaly, the son of Yevegina's niece. The boy fell ill and had a high temperature. There was a couple in the neighborhood, both were doctors, and Yevgenia asked them for help. They refused to examine Vitaly because they said they were in the country-house to rest and not to work. Vladimir took revenge on them. When they sat down to have tea by the open window Vladimir climbed the tree opposite the house and started bawling like Tarzan....     Vladimir was fond of books from his childhood. He would read in the day time and at night under the cover of the blanket, using a flashlight. He liked to retell what he had read and had a brilliant memory. He would learn a poem by heart after reading it once, and it took him an hour or so to memorize a long epic in verse. At school he did well but his success was not stable. I am telling about his childhood in detail because it was at this time that he developed his world outlook and understanding of life which in some way or other told on his poetry. He has many songs about the war-time. It is interesting because war participants thought the author of the songs to be one of them, as if he had participated in the war together with them going to attacks and shooting down planes. How did Vladimir come to know the life of war participants, their daily routine, with deep penetration into the heroism and tragedy of the war ? He himself said that the topic was prompted not only by his imagination but also by stories told by war participants. Who were they, all those people ? I think that my brother Alexey, a lieutenant-colonel, aroused interest in the war time events. He has seven awards including three Red Banner Orders. When they met Vladimir would not step away from «uncle Lyosha» for a minute. In Germany and in Moscow my friends often visited us at our home and Vladimir would listen to our conversations intently, then he would turn to «uncle Lyosha», «uncle Fedya» and «uncle Sasha» asking questions. To Nikolai Skomorokhov, Air Marshal, Hero of the Soviet Union, Vladimir dedicated his «Ballad Of the Killed Pilot». The stories of colonel-general Leonid Sapkov, and Alexander Borisov and colonel Nikolai Sernov also found reflection in Vladimir's songs. Late in the sixties he even visited lieutenant-general Fyodor Bondarenko ( who died in an air-crash in 1973 ) in the city of Arkhangelsk. He performed in the House of Officers before the personnel of the garrison and their families. My conversations with my son about the war had, I think, also left traces in his mind. We returned from Germany in October 1949. Vladimir went to School 186, which was near the place we lived in, and namely Bolshoy Karetny Lane. We had one room in a communal flat and later one more room was added. I got an appointment in Kiev where I stayed until November 1953. Yevgenia had taken care of Vladimir all this time and when she visited me in Kiev he would stay in Moscow with her mother and her niece. During the summer holidays he would come to rest with us in our country house near Kiev and together with Yevgenia and her relatives he would spend the summer under Baku and also in the city of Adler on the Black Sea coast. Besides, he would stay in the family of my brother Alexey in Gaitchin and Mukatchevo, the Ukraine. He would also go for a rest in a winter camp in the suburbs of Moscow. Vladimir spent his green years in Bolshoy Karetny Lane. Here he went to school from the 5th to the 10th forms and got to know «the life of the yard» and saw many characters of his would be songs, the early ones in particular:

Where are your 17 years? In Bolshoy Karetny. Where are your 17 troubles? In Bolshoy Karetny. And where is your black pistol? In Bolshoy Karetny...

The pistol mentioned in the song is my captured «Walter» which had the barrel filled up with lead Vladimir found it at home and used it when playing war games until Yevgenia who was afraid of trouble threw the pistol away. Vladimir always remembered Bolshoy Karetny Lane. When he and his mother moved to a new flat he still would frequent Bolshoy Karetny to drop in at our place and to see us and his friends, his former schoolmates and classmates living in the vicinity, around Samotek Square After 1960 when we moved to Kirov Street Volodya visited Bolshoy Karetny as before and it was there in Levon Katcheryan's flat that Vladimir made friends with Vasily Shukshin and Andrey Tarkovsky. ...    In an improvised questionnaire there was a question about his favorite place in his favorite city, to which Vladimir's answered: Samotek Square, Moscow. Vladimir first showed craving for poetry writing when he was at high school in Moscow. The things that stimulated him to writing songs, I think, were his natural gift and love of books. The range of his interests was really wide. He read historical novels and Russian and foreign classics. When he was in the tenth form at school he attended a drama circle at The House of Teachers lead by actor V. I. Bogomolov, of Moscow Academic Theatre of Drama, who noticed Vladimir's gift for acting. We did not think that Vladimir would be an actor. We wanted him to be an engineer, and under our influence, probably, he went to Moscow Institute of Construction. He studied the first half of the academic year, passed the examination but left the Institute, to our regret. It was clear later that we had failed to see what was going on in his heart. Vladimir chose his way himself entering the school of actors at Moscow Academic Theatre of Drama. He had a dream and was determined to make it come true:

I have the proper face and height Thanks to my parents I get along with people I never push them round Nor did I bow and scrape I kept my head I didn't care I lived the way I lived Giving a helping hand to my head.

In 1956 while attending the drama studio he got acquainted with Izya Zhukova who was in her third year i.e. 2 years ahead of him, and in 1960 when she graduated from the studio they got married. They lived a friendly life but as they worked in different cities they separated. At the end of 1961, during the shooting of the film «713 Requests Landing» Vladimir met the would be mother of his two sons, Ludmila Abramova,. whom he officially married in 1965. Yevgenia and I treated Iza and Ludmila well and did all we could to help them set up a stable family. Now after so many years we still maintain good relationship. Vladimir was a man of purpose, self-critical and exceedingly diligent, working at full stretch, so to say. As I mentioned before, he had a brilliant memory which helped him in his studies and in his poetical and theatrical activities. At times I compared him with myself because serving in the army is energy consuming particularly during the war and field exercises. But now I think that the weight of cares on his shoulders could not be compared in the same breath with mine. Vladimir would often sleep four hours a day writing songs mostly at night because in the day time he had to rehearse at the theatre, act in films and perform on stage. He was seriously interested in art and had a big collection of reproductions of famous artists. Working on the part he was to play he always tried to precise reproduction of the image. When preparing for acting he took a course of horse-riding at the Moscow race-track. He had also mastered the basics of karate, went in for boxing and fencing so that he could do without a stunt man during the film shooting and give realistic characters in his poetry. In his childhood Vladimir's was not quite healthy. The doctors had diagnosed the case as cardiac murmur... And although he was taken off the books at the age of 16 the doctors asked him to take care and avoid unnecessary emotional disturbance. But could he, Vladimir Vysotsky, hide himself in trenches ? He was always the first to throw himself on the parapet and rush to the attack against the bullets of apathy, inertness, swagger and bureaucracy... He fought these evils by means of poetry and by acting in films and on stage. He has the song called «He Hasn't Returned From the Fighting». And indeed, he hasn't returned ... I went through the war from beginning to end and I saw a lot in my life, and I can say that the son was more courageous than the father. He was braver and more steadfast than many others. Why ? Because many of us, including myself, saw the shortcomings and injustice in the society and the arrogance of people, often high rank officials, but did not speak out. If we did speak it was only among ourselves, at table or in corridors. But Vladimir was brave enough to tell the world about it. At the top of his voice. He never showed off and thought courage and honesty to be the most important things in his poetical and theatrical activity. He was a real patriot. I liked Vladimir's songs. But I was alarmed for his life because telling the truth was not popular in those days. After 1970 when Marina Vladi would leave Moscow and Vladimir would stay alone at home he and his colleagues from Theatre On Taganka, people like Vsevolod Abdulov, Valery Zolotukhin, Veniamin Smekhov and others would come to see us at our place in Kirov Street to relax, and have supper after the hard day. Yevgenia and I liked these visits, we would listen to their discussions and talks about life on stage and sometimes we would hear new songs that Vladimir would sing. The song called «The Ballad of the Abandoned Ship», for instance, was first performed at our home. When Marina would arrive in Moscow they would come to see us, they even lived with us at one time when their flat in Maly Gruzinsky Street was being decorated. Vladimir was very considerate of his parents, particularly when someone was not feeling well. I remember being operated on once, and while the operation was under way Vladimir stayed in hospital. And it was not until the operation was over that he called Yevgenia on the phone. When I came round after the operation I saw Vladimir and the doctor by my side. I asked Vladimir when the operation would start to which he said smiling : «Daddy, you've missed the boat, everything is fine, you must sleep now». Vladimir had managed to see the world. He had visited many European countries as well as the USA, Canada and Mexico ( which he liked best ); he had even been to Tahiti. Naturally, he had to talk to Western reporters who tried to find a hint in his words about «oppression» in the Soviet Union. And although Vladimir did have an occasion to reprove the officials who decided whether or not his poems should be published and his records be released yet he was always beyond the intrigues. He always spoke highly about his homeland. When visiting even most exotic countries he would always miss home and friends. It can be vividly seen in his poems and songs. The result of his short and uneasy life and hard work is in his literary heritage... When we were preparing the release of the first anthology of his songs called «THE NERVE» we had counted 600 pieces. Maybe, there are more of them. ( I have given my son's remaining manuscripts to the Central Archive of Literature and Art in Moscow, it s there that Vladimir Vysotsky's archive is kept now ). Time cannot heal our grief. What consoles me is the fact that Vladimir Vysotsky is now officially recognized and that people love him. His books are widely published, his records released and there are many books with reminiscences about him. It is a pity that the sudden tragic death of Yevgenia whom Vladimir loved so much did not allow her to see and read all these compositions...    I am glad that Vladimir has two fine grown up sons. They, too, are men of art. Arcady, the elder son, has graduated from the Institute of Cinematography, and Nikita, the younger one, has followed in his father's footsteps : he has graduated from the Theatrical Studio of Moscow Academic Theatre and is now working at a theatre. They have children : Arcady has a nine year old daughter, Natasha by name, and a six year old son, Vladimir. Nikita has a son, Simon, who is 4 years old. And I firmly believe that they all will be worthy of Vladimir, their father and grandfather. So the life goes on...

Here are some of Vysotsky's poems

The common graves

Translated by Alec Vagapov

They don't put up crosses on communal graves, And widows don't come to shed tears; But flowers are laid and eternal flames Will never be quenched, it appears.

The earth that was shaking and heaving of late With granite and marble is plated. There isn't a single separate fate, All fates are in one integrated.

We see in the flame our burning tank, A house on fire and smoulder, The burning Smolensk and the burning Reichstag, The burning heart of a soldier.

The tearful widows don't visit the place, To give and receive the blessing. They don't put up crosses on communal graves But does it make less distressing?

He hasn't returned from the fighting

Translated from the Russian by Alec Vagapov

Why has everything changed? Life goes on as it should...          There's the sky over us, blue as ever, As before there's the air, the water, the wood...          But he's lost in the fighting for ever.

The informer

translated from the Russian by Alec vagapov

In our gang no strangers we would let. And so one day - God damn - I took my chances - I brought the man along with me and said "He's one of us, now let us charge the glasses".

He kept us company and seemed to be content, We welcomed him like a good friend, or brother, However, he betrayed us in the end. It was my fault, do not blame any other.

I don't recall the trial, what a plight! And then there was the barrack, cold as grave, and It seemed to me it was a pitch-black night, And it was not a dream, it was apparent.

I will reserve myself and I'll revive; He thinks that he will never ever see me, He was too fast to bury me alive, He was mistaken, boys, believe me.

The day will come, the night will not last long, I'll ask you when atonement is around: "It was my fault, I brought the man along,          Give him to me, and I will have it out".

I do not understand who was right, who was wrong In disputes that we had, rather biting. It was not until now that I started to long For the one who did not come from fighting.

He'd be awkwardly silent, he'd sing out of tune, And his absence of mind was exciting, He would not let me sleep, sitting up by the moon...          but last night he did not come from fighting.

I'm destitute now, and I've just touched the ground, It occurred to me : I'd been beside him...          And I felt as if I had my fire blown out when he didn't return from the fighting.

Like a prisoner from jail, spring has broken away. By mistake I addressed him now, shouting : "Got a lighter, old man?" - but what could he say?- If last night he did not come from fighting.

In the dugout we had room enough to get by, And for both of us time would be sliding...          But now he is gone, and I think it was I           Who did not come alive from the fighting.

* * *          Translated from the Russian by Alec Vagapov

I was fond of nasty tricks and women, And at changing them I didn't draw the line. There were stories about my demeanor And the numerous love-affairs of mine.

Way down south near the sea - I mean it - I was walking once along the road, And I encountered one of those women That in my life I came upon a lot.

She was kind, a very generous creature, And as open-hearted as could be, She was nicely shaped, and had fine features, While I didn't have a coin about me.

What she wanted were little presents, Such as brandy, golden rings, perfume. In return she'd grant the little pleasure Of her dubious service, I presume.

"If it comes to that, I'll give you, honey,          The most precious thing I have," she said. "I agree,- I said,- to pay ye a hundred,          Otherwise, I'll pool it with my friend."

Women are like very angry horses, Bit between their teeth, they'll wheeze and chafe...          I might've got her wrong, she was ferocious, Made her farewell and left.

Later on the passions had calmed down. She turned up, her anger shaken off. My impression was that now she found The price I'd offered suitable enough.

title: User:Vagalec


text:
Chatelaine (magazine)

Chatelaine is an English-language Canadian women's magazine which covers topics from food, style and home décor to politics, health and relationships. Chatelaine and its French-language version, Châtelaine, are published by St. Joseph Communications.

Chatelaine was first published in March 1928 by Maclean Publishing. From 1957 to 1977, Chatelaine's editor was Doris Anderson, under whose tenure the magazine covered women's issues, including the rise of feminism as a social phenomenon. Other recent editors include Mildred Istona, Rona Maynard and Lianne George. The current editor is Maureen Halushak.

In 2014, Chatelaine ranked first in Canada as the largest magazine with a total circulation of 534,294 copies. Chatelaine is now the fourth largest magazine in Canada with a circulation of 257,000 according to AAM June 2017. Due to falling print ad revenues and a declining circulation, Chatelaine reduced its publication frequency from 12 to 6 times a year in 2017. Other Rogers Media publications, which held an interest in Chatelaine at the time, also reduced their publication frequency or became digital-only publications.

Founding
First published in March 1928, Chatelaine was created by the Maclean Hunter Publishing Company as a means to reach a different demographic than its other publications, Maclean's and the Financial Post. Maclean Hunter Publishing Company solicited ideas from Canadian women to choose a name for the magazine, offering a $1000 prize for the winning entry. The contest drew 75,000 entries. A rancher's wife from Eburne, British Columbia won with her suggestion of "The Chatelaine." The title refers to the ring of keys which housewives long ago would use to get into every part of the house. Anne Elizabeth Wilson was appointed as the first editor of the magazine. She quit in 1929 when she married her fiancee, Victor Paulovich Blochin.

1920s and 1930s
The first issue of Chatelaine was published the same month that Emily Murphy presented the Persons Case to the Supreme Court, a major turning point in Canadian women's history. In December 1929, Murphy wrote an article for Chatelaine entitled "Now That Women Are Persons, What's Ahead?" Along with providing advice on style, cooking, homemaking, and child-rearing, Chatelaine published editorials from influential female thinkers. In 1928 and 1929, article topics included panic over the rising divorce rate, "Wages and Wives" (April 1929), and the high maternal mortality rate in rural Canada (July 1928).

The economic hardships of the Great Depression changed the tone of Chatelaine. During the 1930s, the magazine became less political. Popular parts of the magazine included monthly budget meal plans and romantic fiction. There was a rise in male-authored articles, including "Men Don't Want Clever Wives," and "What Did Your Husband Give Up For Marriage?"(August 1938).

The magazine encouraged participation from readers, offering a prize of $25 to the best letter written in response to one of their articles. In October 1938, Edith Hunter of Calgary won the $25 for her letter in response to "What Did Your Husband Give Up For Marriage?" contesting the article. Chatelaine tried to maintain its position as a voice for Canadian women, and included a few political articles with a feminist edge such as "When Women Enter Public Life?" (September 1938), and "Why I Had a Civil Marriage" (March 1935).

World War II
The editor of the magazine from 1929 to 1952 was Byrne Hope Sanders. Sanders took some time off from the magazine during World War II after being seconded to Ottawa. She was made a Companion of the Order of Canada for her work as head of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board, where she implemented food rationing and set up a consumer council of women.

During the Second World War, Chatelaine published cover images of young women in uniform, working on farms, and contributing to the war effort. After the war, as husbands returned home from overseas, the magazine immediately switched to images of ultra-femininity and articles on being a wife. There was a sharp increase in articles about motherhood and family life. Editorials such as "Don't Delay Parenthood" (May 1946) were suitable companions to the "Baby Boom" period.

1957–1977
After five years under editor John Clare (editor 1952–1957), feminist Doris Anderson took over the position in 1957 and held the position until 1977. Under Anderson, Chatelaine began publishing controversial content about subjects including sex and women's rights.

Her early tenure at the magazine saw it transformed from a traditional women's publication into one that addressed challenging issues, including legal abortion in specific circumstances (1959), an exposé on child abuse (1960), a critique of Canadian divorce laws (1961) and a call for equal pay for women (1962). The writers she employed included June Callwood, Barbara Frum, Adrienne Clarkson, and Michele Landsberg.

In 1963, Anderson considered publishing an excerpt of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique. Anderson turned down the excerpt, claiming that the magazine had already covered the material Friedan wrote about. This anecdote is often used to distinguish Anderson and her publication as ahead of its time. Anderson later said that she regretted missing out on what she called "the scoop of the century."

Anderson pursued and was passed over for the position of editor in chief of Maclean's magazine three times in just over two years: first for Peter Gzowski, then for former managing editor Phil Sykes and finally for Peter C. Newman. It would not be until 2016, more than 45 years later, that a female editor would be appointed to helm Maclean's, the country's oldest active magazine (launched in 1905).

Promoting the role of women in politics under her direction, Chatelaine identified 50 women who had potential as parliamentarians and put 12 of them – including Member of Parliament Flora MacDonald who referred to it in an interview at Anderson's passing[4] – on the cover. For much of her life, she supported greater representation of women in Parliament. In 1974, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for her contributions to publishing and to public affairs. She left the magazine in 1977.

1977–2004
Mildred Istona was editor in chief from 1977 until 1994. Rona Maynard was editor in chief from 1994 until 2004. Under Maynard, the magazine became more personal, often dealing with the struggles, stories and needs of everyday women. Lee Simpson was the first female publisher of Chatelaine in 1988. Donna Clark was Publisher from 1998 until 2004. Clark led a re-launch of Chatelaine that cost more than $2 million in March 1999.

2004–2008
Kim Pittaway succeeded Maynard in 2004 as Chatelaine's editor in chief. Maynard chose Pittaway to replace her with help from publisher Donna Clark. Pittaway joined Chatelaine in 1997 as a freelance editor, and in 1999 started writing her monthly column "Broadside". In 2001, she joined the magazine full-time as managing editor. Pittaway departed the magazine after 15 months as editor in chief due to conflicts with the Publisher. Kerry Mitchell was publisher of Chatelaine at that time. Mitchell was publisher of Chatelaine and vice-president of Rogers Consumer Publishing from 2004 until 2009.

Beth Hitchcock was named interim editor of Chatelaine for 5 months in 2005–2006.

Sara Angel spent 14 months in the position of editor in chief of Chatelaine from May 2006 – July 2007. Angel looked to infuse "more opinion, more entertainment and more ideas" into Chatelaine to bring back previous editor Doris Anderson's feminist voice. The publication had 4.5 million readers at the time, according to the Print Measurement Bureau.

Maryam Sanati was named editor in chief of Chatelaine February 2008. Sanati had been deputy editor of Chatelaine for more than 18 months. Her role as editor in chief was announced on the eve of the media brand's 80th anniversary celebration. The magazine unveiled a new look with its May 2018 issue.

In 2008, the magazine would be recognized as the second-most influential magazine in Canada – just ahead of Maclean's.

2009–2014
Ken Whyte assumed the role of publisher of Chatelaine October 2009 until 2011 when he was named President of Rogers Publishing.

Jane Francisco was named editor in chief November 2009, making her the magazine's fifth editor in less than six years. Between 2004 and 2010, Chatelaine had lost nearly 850,000 readers from total yearly readership. Under Francisco's tenure, Chatelaine celebrated its 85 anniversary in 2013 with a special June double issue with four flip covers.

Tara Tucker was named Publisher in January 2012. Chatelaine released a new logo and a new brand campaign.

In the second half of 2012, Chatelaine was No. 1 for the first time in the magazine's history in paid circulation, and single copy sales were up 8%.

In the past, the magazine has named a Woman of the Year, honouring a Canadian woman for her achievements in the previous year. Honorees have included Prime Minister Kim Campbell, athlete Chantal Petitclerc, pop singer k.d. lang, and "Jane Doe", a Toronto woman who waged a successful court battle against the Toronto Police Service after alleging that in 1986 the police force had failed to issue warnings about Paul Callow, who subsequently raped her.

In 2013, Francisco and Tucker launched several multichannel initiatives including a two-hour weekly radio program, television edition and various licensing agreements – even a highly successful fitness app which reached #1 in 18 countries in health & fitness category. Chatelaine launched the Chatelaine Show 14 August 2012 on CityLine on CityTV. The Chatelaine Edition became a regular feature on CityTV in 2013.

In July 2013, Rogers Media launched Chatelaine Radio, a two-hour weekly lifestyle radio program. The program, hosted by a local personality in each market but with common health, food and fashion features contributed by the magazine's editors, initially premiered on four Rogers Radio stations, CHFI-FM in Toronto, CHFM-FM in Calgary and CHYM-FM and CIKZ-FM in Kitchener-Waterloo.

Francisco left to run Good Housekeeping in the US in 2013. Karine Ewart was named editor in chief January 2014.

2015–2018
Lianne George was named editor in chief in June 2015. George had been the magazine's editorial director since 2014. By 2017 circulation had fallen from the largest in Canada the fourth largest. In 2017, Rogers Media reduced the number of print editions from twelve times a year to six.

2019-present
Maureen Halushak was named editor in January 2019.

On 20 March 2019, Rogers announced a deal to sell the magazine to St. Joseph Communications.

title: Chatelaine (magazine)


text:
Villa Emo

Villa Emo is one of the many creations conceived by Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. It is a patrician villa located in the Veneto region of northern Italy, near the village of Fanzolo di Vedelago, in the Province of Treviso. The patron of this villa was Leonardo Emo and remained in the hands of the Emo family until it was sold in 2004. Since 1996, it has been conserved as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".

History
Andrea Palladio's architectural fame is considered to have come from the many villas he designed. The building of Villa Emo was the culmination of a long-lasting project of the patrician Emo family of the Republic of Venice to develop its estates at Fanzolo. In 1509, which saw the defeat of Venice in the War of the League of Cambrai, the estate on which the villa was to be built was bought from the Barbarigo family. Leonardo di Giovannia Emo was a well-known Venetian aristocrat. He was born in 1538 and inherited the Fanzolo estate in 1549. This property was dedicated to the agricultural activities from which the family prospered. The Emo family's central interest was at first in the cultivation of their newly acquired land. Not until two generations had passed did Leonardo Emo commission Palladio to build a new villa in Fanzolo.

Historians do not have firm chronology of dates on the design, construction, or the commencement of the new building: the years 1555 or 1558 is estimated to have been when the building was designed, while the construction was thought to have been undertaken between 1558 and 1561. There is no evidence showing that the villa was built by 1549: however, it has been documented to have been built by 1561. The 1560s saw the interior decoration added and the consecration of the chapel in the west barchesse in 1567. The date of completion is put at 1565; a document which attests to the marriage of Leonardo di Alvise with Cornelia Grimani has lasted from that year.

Partial alterations were made to the Villa Emo in 1744 by Francesco Muttoni. Arches within both wings that were close to the central build were sealed off and additional residential areas were created. The ceilings were altered in 1937–1940. The villa and its surrounding estate were purchased in 2004 by an institution and further restorations were made. Since 1996, it has been conserved as part of the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".

The villa is at the centre of an extensive area that bears centuriation, or land divisions, and extends northward. The landscape of Fanzolo has a continuous history since Roman times and it has been suggested that the layout of the villa reflects the straight lines of the Roman roads.

Architecture
Villa Emo was a product of Palladio's later period of architecture. It is one of the most accomplished of the Palladian Villas, showing the benefit of 20 years of Palladio's experience in domestic architecture. It has been praised for the simple mathematical relationships expressed in its proportions, both in the elevation and the dimensions of the rooms.

Palladio used mathematics to create the ideal villa. These “harmonic proportions” were a formulation of Palladio's design theory. He thought that the beauty of architecture was not in the use of orders and ornamentation, but in architecture devoid of ornamentation, which could still be a delight to the eye if aesthetically pleasing portions were incorporated.

In 1570, Palladio published a plan of the villa in his treatise I quattro libri dell'architettura. Unlike some of the other plans he included in this work, the one of Villa Emo corresponds nearly exactly to what was built. His classical architecture has stood the test of time and designers still look to Palladio for inspiration.

The layout of the villa and its estate is strategically placed along the pre-existing Roman grid plan. There is a long rectangular axis that runs across the estate in a north–south direction. The agricultural crop fields and tree groves were laid out and arranged along the long axis, as was the villa.

The outer appearance of the Villa Emo is marked by a simple treatment of the body of the building, whose structure is determined by a geometrical rhythm. The construction consists of brick-work with a plaster finish, visible wooden beams seen in the spaces of the piano nobile, and coffered ceilings like that within the loggia. The central structure is an almost square residential area. The living quarters are raised above ground-level, as are all of Palladio's other villas.

Instead of the usual staircase going up to the main front door, the building has a ramp with a gentle slope that is as wide as the pronaos. This reveals the agricultural tradition of this complex. The ramp, an innovation in Palladian villas, was necessary for transportation to the granaries by wheelbarrows loaded with food products and other goods. The wide ramp leads to the loggia which takes the form of a column portico crowned by a gable – a temple front which Palladio applied to secular buildings. As in the case with the Villa Badoer, the loggia does not stand out from the core of the building as an entrance hall, but is retracted into it. The emphasis of simplicity extends to the column order of the loggia, for which Palladio chose the plain Tuscan order. Plain windows embellish the piano nobile as well as the attic.

The central building of the villa is framed by two symmetrical long, lower colonnaded wings, or barchesses, which originally housed agricultural facilities, like granaries, cellars, and other service areas. This was a working villa like Villa Badoer and a number of the other designs by Palladio. Both wings end with tall dovecotes which are structures that house nesting holes for domesticated pigeons. An arcade on the wings face the garden, consisting of columns that have rectangular blocks for the bases and capitols. The west barchesse also contains a chapel. The barchesses merge with the central residence, forming one architectural unit. This typological format of a villa-farm was invented by Palladio and can be found at Villa Barbaro and Villa Baroer.

Palladio emphasises the usefulness of the lay-out in his treatise. He points out that the grain stores and work areas could be reached under cover, which was particularly important. Also, it was necessary for the Villa Emo's size to correspond to the returns obtained by good management. These returns must in fact have been considerable, for the side-wings of the building are unusually long, a visible symbol of prosperity. The Emo family introduced the cultivation of maize on their estate (and the plant, still new in Europe, is depicted in one of Zelotti's frescoes). In contrast to the traditional cultivation of millet, considerably higher returns could be obtained from the maize. It is not clear if the long walk, made of large square paving-stones, which leads to the front of the house, served a practical purpose. It seems to be a fifteenth-century threshing floor. However, Palladio advised that threshing should not be carried out near a house.

Frescoes
The exterior is simple, bare of any decoration. In contrast, the interior is richly decorated with frescoes by the Veronese painter Giovanni Battista Zelotti, who also worked on Villa Foscari and other Palladian villas. The main series of frescoes in the villa is grouped in an area with scenes featuring Venus, the goddess of love. Zelotti appears to have completed the work on the frescoes by 1566.

In the loggia, the frescoes have representations of Callisto, Jupiter, Jupiter in the Guise of Diana, and Callisto transformed into a Bear by Juno. The Great Room is filled with frescoes that were placed between Corinthian columns that rise from high pedestals. The events in the frescoes concentrate on humanistic ideals and Roman history alluding to marital virtues. Exemplary scenes include Virtue portrayed in a scene from the life of Scipio Africanus. On the left wall is the scene of Scipio returning the girl betrothed to Allucius and the right wall a scene showing The Killing of Virginia. The sides of these frescoes have false niches that consist of monochrome figures: Jupiter holding a torch, Juno and the Peacock, Neptune with the Dolphin, and Cybele with the Lioness. These figures allude to the four natural elements (fire, air, water, earth). Side panels contain enormous prisoners emerging from the false architectural framework. On the south wall of the great hall toward the vestibule is a false broken pediment that appears above a real entrance arch. A fresco of two female figures, Prudence with the Mirror and Peace with an Olive Branch, can be seen. The North wall at the center of the upper part of the building contains the crest of the Emo Family. It is carved and gilt wood, surrounded by trompe-l'œil cornices and festoons.

To the left of the central chamber is the Hall of Hercules. It contains episodes referring mainly to the mythological hero. The intent was to emphasize the victory of virtue and reason over vice. The frescoes are inserted in a framework of false ionic columns. The east wall contains scenes of Hercules embracing Dejanira, Hercules throwing Lica into the sea, and The Fame of Hercules at the center. The west wall is Hercules at the Stake, placed within false arches. On the south wall is a panel above the doorway that depicts a Noli me Tangere (“Touch Me Not”) scene.

To the right of the central chamber is the Hall of Venus. This hall contains episodes that refer to the Goddess of Love. On the west wall within false arches are the scenes of Venus detering Adonis from Hunting and Venus aiding the Wounded Adonis. The east wall fresco shows Venus wounded by Love. On the south wall is a panel above the doorway that shows Penitent St. Jerome.

The Abstinence of Scipio appears frequently in cycles of frescoes for Venetian villas. For example, the Villa la Porto Colleoni in Thiene and Villa Cordellina in Montecchio Maggiore, built nearly 200 years later, also use this image, fostering ideals which, had in the 15th and 16th centuries, resulted from the renewed discussion of the depravity of town life, in contrast to the tranquility, abundance, and freedom of artistic thought associated with rural existence. Hence, another room in the villa is called the Room of the Arts, featuring frescoes with allegories of individual arts, such as astronomy, poetry or music. Within the many frescoes are depictions of different flowers and fruit, including corn, only recently introduced into the Po Valley. Many of the frescoes are presented within false architecture, like columns, arches and architectural framework.

Media
In the 1990s Villa Emo was featured in Guide to Historic Homes: In Search of Palladio, Bob Vila's three-part six-hour production for A&E Network.

The 2002 movie Ripley's Game used the Villa Emo as a location.

title: Villa Emo


text:
Grapevine, California

Grapevine is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States, at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley. The small village is directly adjacent to Interstate 5 and consists mainly of gas stations, motels an other travelers roadside services. At an elevation of 1499 feet, the community is located at the foot of a grade known as the Grapevine that lies in Grapevine Canyon through the Tejon Pass.

Etymology
The village and grade are named for the canyon the trail passed through, after the wild grapes that grow along the original road. Its Spanish name is La Cañada de las Uvas, that is, Grapevine Ravine.

Geography
The ZIP Code is 93243, and the community is inside area code 661. A post office operated at Grapevine from 1923 to 1960. The community of Wheeler Ridge lies three miles north of Grapevine on Interstate 5, with Lebec nine miles south.

Before the road was straightened and widened during 1933–34 by the three-lane Ridge Route Alternate (US 99), the Grapevine was infamous for its high accident rate. There are escape ramps branching off both sides of the downward part of the road for heavy trucks whose brakes fail on this five mile long, 6% grade, 1600-foot ascent - and now straight - grade.

The Grapevine is subject to severe weather and closure to traffic in winter. The stretch of I-5 through the Grapevine and the Tejon Pass is sometimes closed by the California Highway Patrol, generally because of the icy conditions combined with the steep grade of the pass, and the high volume of traffic during the winter holidays. Occasionally, heavy rains will cause mud and rockslides, closing the freeway. The Highway Patrol is also concerned, especially with the large number of big-rigs that pass through, that just one accident in the icy or snowy conditions might force traffic to slow down or come to a complete stop, leaving hundreds of vehicles stalled at once. Whenever there is such a closure, traffic must either wait for it to reopen, or endure a slow multi-hour detour.

Landmark
The top of the Grapevine is registered as California Historical Landmark #283, where Don Pedro Fages passed through in 1772 during his explorations through California.

Future development
The Tejon Ranch Company is planning further development in the area, which it identified as at "the northern base of the Interstate 5 grapevine, starting at the foothills in the southernmost portion of the San Joaquin Valley, extending parallel to the Tejon Ranch Commerce Center along I-5". A company spokesman said the development would result in 12,000 to 14,000 homes and 5.1 million square feet of commercial development. In addition, the company has identified seven thousand additional acres for a development to be called Grapevine North.

Additional reading

 * Paul Duginski, "The Grapevine Is the Heart of California's Freeway System; It's Also Vulnerable," Los Angeles Times, December 28, 2019

title: Grapevine, California


text:
Aerfer Ariete

The Aerfer Ariete (Italian for Ram or Aries) was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Italy in 1958. It was a refined derivative of the Aerfer Sagittario 2, and was an attempt to bring that aircraft up to a standard where it could be mass-produced as a viable combat aircraft.

Retaining most of the Sagittario 2's layout with a nose intake and ventral exhaust for the main Derwent engine, the Ariete added a Rolls-Royce Soar RS.2 auxiliary turbojet engine to provide additional power for climbing and sprinting. This used a dorsal, retractable intake with its exhaust at the tail.

No production ensued; a proposed version with a de Havilland Spectre rocket engine instead of the auxiliary turbojet, the Aerfer Leone (Lion or Leo), was abandoned before a prototype could be built.

Operators

 * Italian Air Force operated two aircraft for evaluation test
 * Italian Air Force operated two aircraft for evaluation test

title: Aerfer Ariete


text:
1969 Manitoba general election

The 1969 Manitoba general election was held on June 25, 1969 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was a watershed moment in the province's political history. The social-democratic New Democratic Party emerged for the first time as the largest party in the legislature, winning 28 out of 57 seats. The governing Progressive Conservative Party fell to 22, and the once-dominant Liberal Party fell to an historical low of five. The Social Credit Party won one seat, and there was also one Independent elected.

Although the NDP had risen from third place to only one seat short of a majority, it was not clear what form the government would take in the days immediately following the election. There were negotiations among the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives to form a minority coalition government, supported by the Social Credit and Independent members; under this scenario, former Liberal leader Gildas Molgat would have become Premier. These plans came to nothing when Liberal MLA Laurent Desjardins announced that he would sit as a "Liberal Democrat" supporting the NDP, allowing the NDP to form government by one seat. Edward Schreyer became the province's first social democratic Premier shortly thereafter.

The Manitoba NDP had a total election budget of $45,000. Although very small by modern standards, this was the most the party had ever spent up to this time.

The Liberals had managed to remain as the Official Opposition for a decade after losing power in 1959. However, this would be the start of almost 20 years in the political wilderness; the party would not come close to governing again until winning opposition status in 1988.

Riding results
Party key:
 * PC: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
 * L: Manitoba Liberal Party
 * NDP: New Democratic Party of Manitoba
 * SC: Manitoba Social Credit Party
 * Comm: Communist Party of Canada - Manitoba
 * Ind: Independent

Arthur:
 * (incumbent)J. Douglas Watt (PC) 3133
 * John McRae (L) 1375
 * Raymond Jones (NDP) 980

Assiniboia:
 * (incumbent)Stephen Patrick (L) 2355
 * Bill Docking (PC) 2329
 * Curtis Nordman (NDP) 1466

Brandon East:
 * Leonard Evans (NDP) 3035
 * Emily Lyons (PC) 1962
 * Don Martin (L) 1194

Brandon West:
 * Edward McGill (PC) 2814
 * James M. Skinner (NDP) 2310
 * Terry Penton (L) 1796

Burrows:
 * (incumbent)Ben Hanuschak (NDP) 3418
 * Wasyl Michael Swystun (PC) 1317
 * Olga E. Lewicki (L) 751
 * Andrew Bileski (Comm) 323

Charleswood:
 * Arthur Moug (PC) 3401
 * Duncan Edmonds (L) 2361
 * John C. Hilgenga (NDP) 1325

Churchill:
 * Gordon Beard (Ind) 1151
 * Walter Perepeluk (L) 971
 * Andre Champagne (PC) 913
 * Wilf Hudson (NDP) 822

Crescentwood:
 * Cy Gonick (NDP) 2689
 * (incumbent)Gurney Evans (PC) 2416
 * Francis Creighton Muldoon (L) 1422

Dauphin:
 * Peter Burtniak (NDP) 2933
 * (incumbent)Stewart McLean (PC) 2892
 * Robert E. Sheldon (L) 620

Elmwood:
 * (incumbent)Russell Doern (NDP) 3803
 * Alan George Gardiner (PC) 1526
 * John Kozoriz (L) 1053

Emerson:
 * Gabriel Girard (PC) 2467
 * (incumbent)John Tanchak (L) 2014
 * Stephen Zaretski (NDP) 695
 * Jacob Wall (SC) 237

Flin Flon:
 * Thomas Barrow (NDP) 2045
 * (incumbent)Charles H. Witney (PC) 1675
 * Francis Jobin (L) 1276

Fort Garry:
 * Bud Sherman (PC) 3570
 * G. Grant Cosby (NDP) 2063
 * Richard Alan Wankling (L) 1936

Fort Rouge:
 * Inez Trueman (PC) 2750
 * Una Decter (NDP) 2446
 * Jane Sayler Heffelfinger (L) 1941

Gimli:
 * John Gottfried (NDP) 2159
 * Eric Stefanson (PC) 1936
 * Walter Griffin (L) 1663

Gladstone:
 * James Ferguson (PC) 3000
 * (incumbent)Nelson Shoemaker (L) 2583
 * Mary McIntosh (NDP) 1064

Inkster:
 * (incumbent)Sidney Green (NDP) 4001
 * Robert Armstrong (PC) 989
 * Gurzon Harvey (L) 661

Kildonan:
 * (incumbent)Peter Fox (NDP) 4589
 * Don Mills (PC) 1876
 * John Gugulyn (L) 851

Lac Du Bonnet:
 * (incumbent)Samuel Uskiw (NDP) 4060
 * (incumbent)Fred Klym (PC) 1267
 * Al Tymko (L) 806

Lakeside:
 * (incumbent)Harry Enns (PC) 2532
 * Robert Bend (L) 2190

Logan:
 * William Jenkins (NDP) 3029
 * Samuel Minuk (PC) 871
 * Howard Ferguson (L) 679

Minnedosa:
 * (incumbent)Walter Weir (PC) 3525
 * Emile Roy Shellborn (NDP) 1713
 * Donald McNabb (L) 1028

Osborne:
 * Ian Turnbull (NDP) 3188
 * (incumbent)Obie Baizley (PC) 2565
 * Win Loewen (L) 965

Pembina:
 * George Henderson (PC) 2823
 * Kenneth John Draper (L) 1815
 * David Harms (SC) 521
 * Edith Alsop (NDP) 336

Portage la Prairie:
 * (incumbent)Gordon Johnston (L) 2451
 * Harvey Carmichael (PC) 2440
 * Sidney Coulthard (NDP) 1049

Radisson:
 * Harry Shafransky (NDP) 3707
 * Edward Joseph Albert Kotowich (L) 2284
 * Moreen Henderson (PC) 1054

Rhineland:
 * (incumbent)Jacob Froese (SC) 1981
 * Henry Hildebrand (PC) 1853
 * Willo Sterritt Forrester (L) 782
 * Jacob W. Heinrichs (NDP) 181

Riel:
 * (incumbent)Donald Craik (PC) 3125
 * James Edward Buchanan (NDP) 3096
 * Raymond Spence (L) 1423

River Heights:
 * (incumbent)Sidney Spivak (PC) 4623
 * Mark Danzker (L) 1573
 * Jack Silverberg (NDP) 1051

Roblin:
 * (incumbent)J. Wally McKenzie (PC) 2579
 * (incumbent)Mike Kawchuk (NDP) 2448
 * J.R. Mitchell (L) 516

Rock Lake:
 * (incumbent)Henry Einarson (PC) 3064
 * Remi Engelbert DePape (L) 1818
 * Timothy Leonard (NDP) 763

Rossmere:
 * Edward Schreyer (NDP) 4089
 * David Wilfred Pekary (PC) 1746
 * Vern Breckman (L) 631
 * Stanley Copp (Ind) 238

Rupertsland:
 * Jean Allard (NDP) 1366
 * S. P. Berthelette (L) 1142
 * Paul Burelle (PC) 1026

St. Boniface:
 * (incumbent)Laurent Desjardins (L) 4210
 * Kamil Michael Gajdosik (NDP) 2656
 * Maurice J. Arpin (PC) 1110

St. George:
 * Bill Uruski (NDP) 2284
 * (incumbent)Elman Guttormson (L) 1886
 * Joseph Schwartz (PC) 1169

St. James:
 * Al Mackling (NDP) 3642
 * (incumbent)Douglas Stanes (PC) 2676
 * Peter Moss (L) 1404

St. Johns:
 * (incumbent)Saul Cherniack (NDP) 3642
 * Joe Rozmus (PC) 1014
 * George Strewchuk (L) 736

St. Matthews:
 * Wally Johannson (NDP) 2974
 * (incumbent)Robert Steen (PC) 2217
 * Rudy Peters (L) 1119

Ste. Rose:
 * (incumbent)Gildas Molgat (L) 2247
 * Heinz Marohn (PC) 1198
 * Leon Hoefer (NDP) 754
 * Norma Oswald (SC) 313

Selkirk:
 * Howard Pawley (NDP) 3374
 * Robert Stefan Oliver (PC) 2054
 * George S. Sigurdson (L) 835
 * Thomas Norquay (Ind) 57

Seven Oaks:
 * (incumbent)Saul Miller (NDP) 4203
 * Daniel Abraham Yanofsky (PC) 1505
 * Evelyne Rosborough (L) 813

Souris-Killarney:
 * (incumbent)Malcolm Earl McKellar (PC) 3053
 * (incumbent)Edward Dow (L) 1982
 * Wayne Williams (NDP) 892

Springfield:
 * Rene Toupin (NDP) 2724
 * George Mulder (PC) 1551
 * Hector Bahuaud (L) 807

Sturgeon Creek:
 * Frank Johnston (PC) 2781
 * Robert Megill Chipman (L) 2251
 * Stanley J. Carter (NDP) 1251
 * William John Turner (Ind) 336
 * James Farrell (Ind) 238

Swan River:
 * (incumbent)James Bilton (PC) 1920
 * Alex Filuk (NDP) 1757
 * Jerry Webb (SC) 1252
 * Gordon Beaumont (L) 766

The Pas:
 * Ron McBryde (NDP) 1556
 * (incumbent)John Carroll (PC) 1361
 * Calvert D. Gibson (L) 963

Thompson:
 * (incumbent)Joseph Borowski (NDP) 2436
 * Thomas Farrell (PC) 1500
 * Maurice Desjardins (L) 843

Transcona:
 * (incumbent)Russ Paulley (NDP) 4614
 * Thelma Jean Opseth Call (L) 1488
 * Kenn Gunn-Walberg (PC) 1052

Virden:
 * (incumbent)Morris McGregor (PC) 2161
 * (incumbent)Earl Dawson (L) 1571
 * Ralph Rowan (NDP) 1531

Wellington:
 * (incumbent)Philip Petursson (NDP) 3260
 * William McGarva (PC) 1522
 * Thomas Bernes(L) 1035

Winnipeg Centre:
 * Bud Boyce (NDP) 2398
 * (incumbent)James Cowan (PC) 1451
 * Joseph Wapemoose (L) 822

Wolseley:
 * (incumbent)Leonard Claydon (PC) 2360
 * Hans J. Wittich (NDP) 1743
 * Paul N. Duval (L) 1391

Post-election changes
Jack Hardy (St. Vital, PC) resigned his seat. A by-election was called for April 5, 1971.

Ste. Rose (res. Gildas Molgat, October 7, 1970), April 5, 1971:
 * Aime Adam (NDP) 2785
 * Fred Werbiski (L) 2118
 * John Borcher (PC) 1792

Minnedosa (res. Walter Weir, September 1971), November 16, 1971:
 * Dave Blake (PC) 3532
 * Emil Shellborn (NDP) 2348
 * Hugh Stephenson (L) 1129

Laurent Desjardins formally joined the NDP in 1971.

Wolseley (dec. Leonard Claydon, 1971), June 16, 1972:
 * Israel Asper (L) 3530
 * Ernie J. Enns (PC) 2271
 * Vic Schroeder (NDP) 2174
 * William Hawryluk (Ind) 45

Jean Allard left the NDP to sit as an Independent on April 7, 1972. Joseph Borowski left the NDP caucus on June 25, 1972.

Churchill (dec. Gordon Beard, November 12, 1972)

title: 1969 Manitoba general election