text:
Ver.di

Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (Verdi (stylized as ver.di; [ˈvɛʁdiː]); English: United Services Trade Union) is a German trade union based in Berlin, Germany. It was established on 19 March 2001 as the result of a merger of five individual unions and is a member of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB). With around 1.9 million members, Verdi is the second largest German trade union after IG Metall. It currently employs around 3000 members of staff in Germany and has an annual income of approximately 454 million Euros obtained from membership subscriptions. The trade union is divided into 10 federal state districts and five divisions and is managed by a National Executive Board (Bundesvorstand) with nine members. Frank Bsirske was the chairman of Verdi from its founding in 2001 until September 2019, when Frank Werneke was elected.

Establishment
Verdi was established in March 2001 as the result of a merger of five individual unions, all of which, other than the DAG, had previously belonged to the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB):

 * German Salaried Employees' Union (DAG)
 * German Postal Union (DPG)
 * Trade, Banking and Insurance Union (HBV)
 * Media Union (IG Medien)
 * Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (ÖTV)

The oldest forerunner of Verdi was the Association of German Printers (Verband der Deutschen Buchdrucker), which was founded in 1866.

Discussions on closer cooperation between German trade unions had already been conducted back in the 1990s. These negotiations not only involved the future founding partners of Verdi, but also the former TRANSNET (GdED), the Education and Science Workers' Union (GEW) and the Food, Beverages and Catering Union (NGG).

On 4 October 1997, the chairmen of the DAG, DPG, GEW, HBV, IG Medien and ÖTV signed the "Hamburg Declaration", in which they supported the reorganisation of the representation of trade union interests in the service sector. This resulted in the establishment of a steering committee that worked in close cooperation with the executive committees of the trade unions involved to develop the key aspects of the fusion and the structure of the future large trade union.

After the GEW had left the merger process, the heads of the DAG, DPG, HBV, IG Medien and ÖTV agreed on the merger in the German city of Magdeburg in June 1999. In autumn of the same year, they opened a joint office in Berlin and in November 1999, the delegates of the five unions held extraordinary union conferences at which they agreed to establish a transitional organisation (GO-ver.di).

The representatives of the unions involved viewed the merger as a historic step, claiming that it would bring an end to the "rivalry among unions" in the service sector. Other observers criticised the merger, with IG Metall in particular expressing its concerns that the size of Verdi may cause it to make the DGB "explode". Critics also feared that the new trade union may force its way into the original areas of responsibility of the industrial unions. The German pilots' association Vereinigung Cockpit even used the planned merger as an opportunity to end its existing cooperation with the DAG.

In spring 2000, the merger project was brought to a temporary halt after the DAG and HBV adopted different positions on Saturday work at banks. The negotiations on the new Verdi Statute were a particular cause for conflict, so much so that they even resulted in temporary warnings that the major union may fail. Some of the ÖTV rank and file believed that the new trade union did not sufficiently consider their interests and observers believed that the ÖTV may be divided by the Verdi decision. Against this background, IG Medien even went as far as to suggest a merger without the ÖTV if necessary.

In November 2000, the delegates from the DAG, DPG, HBV and IG Medien nevertheless voted in favour of the establishment of Verdi with majorities of between and 78 and 99 percent. The positive outcome of the ÖTV was the weakest with a majority of just 65 percent. Herbert Mai therefore decided not to stand for re-election as the union's Chairman. His elected successor, Frank Bsirske, was also in favour of the merger and announced that he additionally planned to run for the role of Verdi Chairman.

The final step towards the establishment of Verdi involved the merger congresses of the five member unions, which took place between 16 and 18 March 2001 and resolved to dissolve the unions with majorities of between 80 and 91 percent. At the subsequent founding congress of Verdi, which was held between 19 and 21 March 2001, the establishment of the trade union was formally completed and Verdi's first National Executive Board was elected.

In the same month, Verdi concluded its first collective agreement with Deutsche Lufthansa. A short time later, Verdi was officially accepted into the DGB.

Organisational structure
Verdi's highest body is its National Congress (Bundeskongress), which convenes once every four years to stipulate the basic principles of the union policy and to elect and formally approve the actions of the National Executive Board and the Trade Union Council (Gewerkschaftsrat). The trade union itself is divided up into different levels, divisions and groups of individuals. The divisions and groups of individuals have their own organs and committees on a local, district, state and national level. This matrix system was already a controversial decision back when Verdi was founded and problems concerning the management of the trade union continued to be brought to the forefront after its establishment. The matrix system is designed to not only represent the organisation Verdi as a whole, but also the interests of the individual professions of its members. The equal treatment of men and women in all organisational units is stipulated in the Verdi Statute and has been a central topic of the trade union ever since it was first established.

The Trade Union Council and National Executive Board
Between the National Congresses, the Trade Union Council represents Verdi's highest body. The council is composed of representatives from the federal state districts, the divisions and the groups of women, young people and senior citizens. The Trade Union Council monitors compliance with the Verdi Statute, approves the union's annual budget and year-end accounts and supervises the National Executive Board.

The National Executive Board is responsible for all activities that are not restricted to the National Congress or the Trade Union Council as stipulated in the Verdi Statute. It is responsible for running Verdi's business activities and represents the trade union on an internal and external level. The National Executive Board is composed of a chairman, the Division Managers and up to five further members. The Board currently has nine members.

Federal state districts, districts and local levels
Verdi's smallest regional units are its local districts, which can be formed if several divisions exist on a regional level. These local districts are designed to support and simplify cooperation between members. The next level up from the local level is the union's districts throughout Germany, which are in turn subordinate to the federal state districts. These federal state districts decide on the regional structures and dimensions of the districts in mutual agreement, while the federal state districts themselves are set up by the Trade Union Council. Verdi currently has ten federal state districts:

 * Baden-Württemberg
 * Bavaria
 * Berlin-Brandenburg
 * Hamburg
 * Hesse
 * Lower Saxony / Bremen
 * North (Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania)
 * North Rhine-Westphalia
 * Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland
 * Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia

Divisions and groups of individuals
Verdi's divisions are oriented towards the industries and sectors of its members and are responsible for the "tasks involved in the subject-specific representation of member and company-related interests". The divisions determine their own inner structures and have their own statutes, which must be approved by the Trade Union Council. Verdi currently has five divisions (Fachbereiche), formerly 13 divisions:

 * A: Financial Services, Communications and Technology, Culture, Utilities and Disposal
 * B: Public and Private Services, Social Insurance and Traffic
 * C: Health, Social Services, Eduacation and Science
 * D: Trade
 * E: Postal Services, Shipping Companies and Logistics

Specialist groups and specialist commissions can be formed within the individual divisions to particularly support and promote the specific interests of individual professions.

Alongside the divisions, the Verdi Statute also stipulates that so-called groups of individuals be established on a district, state and national level. Verdi currently has a total of eight groups of individuals:

 * Young People
 * Senior Citizens
 * Workers
 * Civil Servants
 * Masters, Technicians and Engineers
 * Freelance Collaborators and Personally Self-Employed, Freelance or Employee-Like Individuals
 * Unemployed Individuals and
 * Migrants

The tasks, structure and membership of each group of individuals is regulated by guidelines that are passed by the Trade Union Council based on proposals made by different committees.

Membership numbers and structure
Verdi's total number of members decreased from 2.81 to 2.04 million between 2001 and 2014. One of the reasons behind this decrease is the union's competition with rival trade unions such as the physicians' union Marburger Bund and the pilots' association Vereinigung Cockpit. According to observers, Verdi is "comparatively good" at recruiting new members but is limited in its success when it comes to establishing loyalty among its members on a long-term basis. In fact, the battle against decreasing interest among employees and women in particular was already an issue even before the merger of the five individual unions in 2001. In 2003, member numbers dropped so low that Verdi was forced to let some of its own staff go. This was, however, also due to the fact that many structures were duplicated in the Verdi administration after the merger. In 2007, the National Congress instructed the executive board to take measures to stop or even reverse the dwindling member numbers. This led to the initiation of the "Chance 2011" (Opportunity 2011) campaign, which was continued in a similar form under the title of "Perspektive 2015" (Prospects for 2015) in 2012. As a result, Verdi representatives were able to refer to an "end to dwindling member numbers" in 2015, at least with regard to Germany's new federal states (from the former GDR). Today, it represents 200,000 employees in state and publicly listed banks alone.

Verdi has been running a member network that is open to Verdi members only since December 2008. Alongside member information and online services, the network enables members to get in touch and exchange expertise and experiences in forums. In 2012, a working platform for committees, special interest groups, shop stewards and other individuals actively involved in the running of Verdi was added to the member network. The members of this platform can use it to hold discussions in closed groups, chat and provide information.

Collective bargaining policy
Verdi is committed to using collective agreements to secure and shape working conditions for employees. In the past, Verdi argued for maintaining collective agreement unity on several occasions, claiming that it supported the assertiveness of staff and the acceptance of collective bargaining. Verdi rejected all attempts to change employees' right to strike and announced that it planned to take action against corresponding statutory limitations, even by taking cases to the German Federal Constitutional Court. Within the scope of its collective bargaining policy, Verdi particularly focuses on achieving equality between men and women. Gender mainstreaming additionally plays a role when it comes to the composition of the trade union's own executive board. Another objective of Verdi's collective bargaining policy is to bring wages and pensions in Germany's old and new federal states into line.

Verdi's collective bargaining policy has above all attracted widespread media attention due to labour disputes in the public service. In 2006, the members of the trade union accepted a new collective agreement for the Public Service of the German Federal States after having previously gone on strike over a period of three months. The Marburger Bund chose to reject the result of the negotiations at the time, leading the media to report that it was "on a collision course" with Verdi. The collective bargaining association between the two trade unions had already been dissolved in the previous year. In 2007, Verdi and the German Civil Service Federation (DBB) launched an advertising campaign costing three million Euros with the motto of "Genug gespart" (Enough saved). The aim of the campaign was to drawn more attention to the work carried out by the public service in the run-up to new collective agreement negotiations. After a wave of warning strikes and several rounds of negotiations, the parties called for conciliation in March 2008. Although this failed, Verdi ultimately agreed on a new collective agreement with the German Federal Government, the German federal states and local authorities. The trade union achieved a wage increase of eight percent, which some observers labelled a heavy burden for the public budgets. Verdi attracted a total of 50,000 new members during the trade dispute. It later managed to repeat that success in similar negotiations in 2018, with an agreement which provides for a cumulative 7.5 per cent increase in salaries over a period of 30 months and includes top-ups and extra payments designed to make the public sector a more attractive employer.

Notably, Verdi held a series of strikes at Deutsche Post in 2015 in a dispute over pay and plans for a new parcel division. Those walkouts, one of which lasted four weeks, cost the firm 100 million euros at the time.

In 2023, airports in the major German cities of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg all announced that no flights would depart from the airport on 13 March due to a strike for security staff organized by Verdi over a dispute in pay.

Educational services

Verdi runs a number of educational centres throughout Germany, all of which aim to support the exchange of experiences and expertise between its members. These services are particularly, but not exclusively, aimed at active works councils. The educational centres are also used as venues for job-related and general further education programmes on a wide variety of different topics. Verdi currently runs educational centres in Berlin, Bielefeld, Brannenburg, Gladenbach, Mosbach, Naumburg (Hesse), Saalfeld, Undeloh and Walsrode. It closed its site in Hörste at the end of 2015 and the building is now being used as a home for refugees.

Alongside the educational centres specified above, there are also a number of independent ver.di educational institutes that were taken over from the former German Union of Salaried Employees (DAG) in several federal states.

ver.di Bildung + Beratung, known as ver.di b+b for short, is Verdi's educational institution that operates throughout Germany. It is responsible for running seminars for statutory special interest groups, namely works council, staff council and Youth and Trainees Council (JAV) members, as well as members of representative bodies for disabled employees and employee representation committees. ver.di b+b has been examined and certified by the independent institute for "Learner-Oriented Quality Testing in Further Education and Training" (Lernerorientierte Qualitätstestierung in der Weiterbildung).
 * ver.di Bildung + Beratung Gemeinnützige GmbH

ver.di b+b also works as a book publishing house and publishes guidebooks, work guides and legal commentaries.

The company's head office is based in the German city of Düsseldorf. ver.di b+b is represented in 25 locations throughout Germany.

Its subsidiary "Rat.geber GmbH" advises boards and committees and runs the public bookshop at Verdi's administrative headquarters in Berlin.

International memberships
Verdi is a member of multiple global union federations such as the UNI Global Union, the International Transport Workers' Federation, the International Graphical Federation, the International Federation of Journalists and the Public Services International and several European trade union federations, namely EPSU. It is also a member of the European Movement Germany (EBD) and a partner of the Tax Justice Network.

Publications
Verdi publishes a multitude of different magazines for its members. All members receive the magazine "Verdi Publik" for free eight times a year. Other Verdi publications include the media policy magazine "M – Menschen Machen Medien" (M – People Make Media), which, like the publications "Druck + Papier" (Printing + Paper) and "Kunst + Kultur" (Art + Culture), is published by the National Executive Board and the Media, Art and Industry division.

Criticism
Ever since Verdi was first founded, its complex organisational structure has repeatedly been the subject of criticism: In as early as 2001, for example, the German daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel warned readers about the threat of "losses and inefficiency due to friction". The Sunday newspaper Welt am Sonntag also reported on "frictions and budget disputes" within the trade union. The daily newspaper Die Tageszeitung claimed that Verdi's matrix model was "so complicated" that even full-time Verdi employees "had a hard time" explaining it. The weekly news magazine Stern also reported on Verdi, stating that its divisions, state associations and districts "worked against each other more than with one another". On top of these media reports, Verdi's organisation structure also received criticism from within its own ranks time and time again, so much so that a response to this criticism was factored into the "Perspektive 2015" initiative.

Critics also accused Verdi of taking a strong stand in favour of employee rights and fair wages in public but not aiming to achieve these goals on an internal level. One example was the canteen at Verdi's headquarters in Berlin, which was operated by the international catering company Sodexo. As is typical of the industry, Sodexo does not conclude industrial collective agreements but instead uses collective agreements on a company level. According to information presented by the Neue Ruhr Zeitung newspaper, the wages of employees at the German Employee Academy (DAA), which is closely linked to Verdi, were below the rate that Verdi had negotiated with rivals such as the charitable organisations Arbeiterwohlfahrt or Diakonie. Verdi's actions during strikes are also constantly the subject of criticism, with some reports claiming that in individual cases, employees have been forced to strike, which the trade union denied. Critics have also labelled several strikes organised by Verdi as out of proportion.

Presidents

 * 2001: Frank Bsirske
 * 2019: Frank Werneke

title: Ver.di


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Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

Santa Maria delle Grazie ("Holy Mary of Grace") is a church and Dominican convent in Milan, northern Italy, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The convent contains the mural of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, which is in the refectory.

History

Duke of Milan Francesco I Sforza ordered the construction of a Dominican convent and church at the site of a prior chapel dedicated to the Marian devotion of St Mary of the Graces. The main architect, Guiniforte Solari, designed the convent (the Gothic nave), which was completed by 1469. Construction of the church took decades. Duke Ludovico Sforza decided to have the church serve as the Sforza family burial site, and rebuilt the cloister and the apse, both completed after 1490. Ludovico's wife Beatrice was buried in the church in 1497.

The design of the apse of the church has been attributed to Donato Bramante, as his name is inscribed in a piece of marble in the church vaults delivered in 1494. However, some dispute that he worked on the church at all. According to one source, in 1492–1497 Bramante worked on the crossing and the dome as well the transept apses and the coir with apse; this source also attributes a plan and section of the building to Bramante. Some documents mention the name Amadeo, likely Giovanni Antonio Amadeo. There are similarities between this church and Amadeo's design for Santa Maria alla Fontana.

In 1543, the Titian altarpiece depicting Christ receiving the crown of thorns was installed in the Chapel of the Holy Crown, located on the right of the nave. The painting, looted by French troops in 1797, is now in the Louvre. This chapel is frescoed with Stories of the Passion by Gaudenzio Ferrari. In the small cloister adjacent to the tribune near the door that leads to the sacristy is a fresco by Bramantino. The church also contained frescoes depicting the Resurrection and Passion by Bernardo Zenale.

Composer and cellist Giovanni Perroni served as maestro di cappella at the cathedral from 1718–1720.

World War II
During World War II, on the night of 15 August 1943, an allied aerial bombardment hit the church and the convent. Much of the refectory was destroyed, but some walls survived, including the one that holds The Last Supper, which had been sand-bagged in order to protect it. Some preservation works are done to maintain it for the future. Previously distorted by attempts at restoration carried out over the centuries, Leonardo’s original painting has now emerged as a result of the work begun in 1978 and completed in 1999. This involved addressing complex problems as regards not only the painting itself but also the environment of the refectory in order to protect the work from the dust, fumes and humidity identified as the primary causes of its constant deterioration. It is believed that the current and future preservation works will keep the painting safe for many centuries to come.

Contemporary
Nowadays the Sacrestia vecchia, or the Old Sacristy, designed and constructed by Donato Bramante, is the seat of a Dominican Cultural Centre (Centro Culturale alle Grazie), in which the brethren organize and host conferences on various themes pertaining to spirituality, philosophy, art, literature and sociology, in addition to musical concerts and artistic exhibitions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan


text:
Erratum

An erratum or corrigendum (: errata, corrigenda) (comes from errata corrige) is a correction of a published text. As a general rule, publishers issue an erratum for a production error (i.e., an error introduced during the publishing process) and a corrigendum for an author's error. It is usually bound into the back of a book, but for a single error a slip of paper detailing a corrigendum may be bound in before or after the page on which the error appears. An erratum may also be issued shortly after its original text is published.

Etymology
Corrigendum is the gerundive form of the Latin compound verb corrigo -rexi -rectum (from the verb rego, "to make straight, rule", plus the preposition cum, "with"), "to correct", and thus signifies "(those things) which must be corrected" and in its single form Corrigendum it means "(that thing) which must be corrected".

Errata sheets
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, "Errata, lists of errors and their corrections, may take the form of loose, inserted sheets or bound-in pages. An errata sheet is definitely not a usual part of a book. It should never be supplied to correct simple typographical errors (which may be rectified in a later printing) or to insert additions to, or revisions of, the printed text (which should wait for the next edition of the book). It is a device to be used only in extreme cases where errors severe enough to cause misunderstanding are detected too late to correct in the normal way but before the finished book is distributed. Then the errors may be listed with their locations and their corrections on a sheet that is tipped in, either before or after the book is bound, or laid in loose, usually inside the front cover of the book. (Tipping and inserting must be done by hand, thus adding considerably to the cost of the book.)"

Errata associated with integrated circuits
Design errors and mistakes in a microprocessor's hardwired logic may also be documented and described as errata. One well-publicized example is Intel's "FDIV" erratum in early Pentium processors, known as the Pentium FDIV bug. This gave incorrect answers to a floating-point division instruction (FDIV) for a small set of numbers, due to an incorrect lookup table inside the Pentium chip.

Similarly, design errors in peripheral devices, such as disk controllers and video display units, can result in abnormal operation under certain conditions.

title: Erratum


text:
Philip Webb

Philip Speakman Webb (12 January 1831 – 17 April 1915) was a British architect and designer sometimes called the Father of Arts and Crafts Architecture. His use of vernacular architecture demonstrated his commitment to "the art of common building." William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriel Rossetti were his business partners and he designed many notable buildings including one for Morris. He co-founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings.

Biography

Born in Oxford, Webb studied at Aynho in Northamptonshire and was then articled to firms of builder-architects in Wolverhampton and Reading, Berkshire. He then moved to London where he eventually became a junior assistant to the architect George Edmund Street. While there he met William Morris in 1856 and then started his own practice in 1858. He is particularly noted as the designer of the Red House at Bexleyheath, south-east London in 1859 for William Morris, and – towards the end of his career – the house Standen (near East Grinstead in West Sussex). These were among several works in his favoured niche: country houses. A Greater London Council blue plaque commemorates both Webb and Morris at the Red House.

William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriel Rossetti were three of his partners in the interior decorating and furnishing business, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., later to become Morris & Co.

Webb and Morris formed an important part of the Arts and Crafts movement, and founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in 1877. With Morris, Webb wrote the SPAB Manifesto, one of the key documents in the history of building conservation. He attended over 700 SPAB Committee meetings as well as undertaking numerous site visits. Webb also joined Morris's revolutionary Socialist League, becoming its treasurer.

George Howard of Naworth Castle near Brampton in Cumbria was an able artist and friend of the Pre-Raphaelites, and a keen patron of Philip Webb. Webb had built two houses for his Naworth Castle Estate: Four Gables and Green Lane House, as well as his London house at 1 Palace Green. Much financial help was offered by Charles Howard MP (George Howard's father) towards building a new church in Brampton on condition that he chose the architect. Webb's plan for St Martin's Church is quite unlike most other Victorian churches, with the body of the church being almost square. It is the only church designed by Webb, and contains an exquisite set of stained glass windows designed by Burne-Jones, and executed in the William Morris studio.

His friendship with the family of Sir Thomas Hugh Bell, a leading ironfounder of Middlesbrough, led to three commissions: Rounton Grange (demolished in 1953), Red Barns House in 1868, in which Gertrude Bell lived as a child, and the Bell Brothers office building in Middlesbrough (his only commercial development; later to be the Dorman Long offices). An additional commission in the Cleveland area was Briarmead, completed in 1883, located north of Greatham village, near Hartlepool. The adjoining St Francis Cottage was completed by W.F. Linton (Middlesbrough) in 1895 in the style of Webb.

In 1901 Philip Webb retired to the country and ceased practising. He continued to be an influence on the "school of rational builders" surrounding William Lethaby, and Ernest Gimson and his community of architect-craftsmen based at Sapperton in Gloucestershire. Between 1902 and 1903, Webb contributed to the design and manufacture of the University of Birmingham's ceremonial mace.

Projects

 * Red House, Bexleyheath, (1859)
 * Sandroyd, now Benfleet Hall, Cobham, Surrey (1860)
 * Cranmer Hall wing, Fakenham (c.1860) and Coach House (1860)
 * 91-101 Worship St, London EC2 (1862)
 * Arisaig House, Highland (1863, rebuilt 1937)
 * All Saints' and St Richard's Church of England Primary School, Old Heathfield, East Sussex, (Formerly Heathfield Church of England Primary School) (1864)
 * 1 Palace Green, London (1868)
 * Red Barns House, Redcar (1868)
 * 19 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London (1868)
 * The West House, 35 Glebe Place, Chelsea, London (1868–69) for George Price Boyce
 * Joldwynds, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey (1874) Demolished 1930 and replaced with a Modernist house by Oliver Hill. Some ancillary buildings by Webb remain and are listed.
 * Smeaton Manor, Yorkshire (1878)
 * Four Gables, Green Lane House, Brampton, Cumbria
 * St Martin's Church, Brampton (1878)
 * Conyhurst, Surrey for Mary Ewart (1885)
 * Clouds House, Wiltshire (1886)
 * Naworth Castle, Cumbria
 * Standen, West Sussex (1892–94)
 * Bell & Co Ltd (offices), Zetland Rd, Middlesbrough (1891)
 * Rounton Grange, near Middlesbrough (for Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell) – subsequently destroyed in 1953
 * Forthampton Court, Forthampton, Gloucestershire (1889–92)
 * Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire (1874–77)

title: Philip Webb


text:
Brickell station

Brickell station is a Metrorail rapid transit station in Miami, Florida, serving the system's Green and Orange Lines. One of the core stations of Miami's public transport network, it serves the financial district of Brickell. Combined, the Metrorail and Metromover station complex at Brickell sees roughly 8,430 boardings each weekday, making it the system's second-busiest station.

Location
The Brickell station is located in the median of SW 1st Avenue at its intersection with SW 11th Street in the central Miami neighborhood of Brickell. Excluding nearby Metromover stations, it is the closest rail stop to attractions such as Brickell Key, Mary Brickell Village, Brickell Avenue and Simpson Park.

Transit-oriented development
Like other rail stations in Miami's central business district, Brickell has been the focal point for significant transit-oriented development (TOD), particularly in the real estate boom of the 2000s and 2010s. New developments such as Axis at Brickell Village, Infinity at Brickell and Plaza on Brickell are all within a short distance of the station, as are numerous other residential and commercial projects. Once considered a failed example of TOD, and referred to as only "transit-adjacent development", over the past few years Brickell (Metromover) ridership has risen from approximately fifth place to as high as second place for some months in 2015 and 2016. Metrorail ridership growth at this station also outpaced most other stations, and by June 2016, it was the second highest ridership station on the Metrorail as well amid heavy losses at some stations, namely Dadeland South and Dadeland North.

History
One of the original Metrorail stations, Brickell opened along with the initial stretch of the system from Dadeland South to Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre, then called "Overtown." The Metromover station opened ten years later on May 26, 1994.

It featured as a level in the videogame Hotline Miami.

Station layout
The Metrorail station and Metromover station are located next to each other and are connected by an overhang. The Metrorail station can hold up to six cars and has a canopy covering most of the platform. The Metromover platform can hold up to two Metromover cars and is completely covered.

title: Brickell station


text:
User talk:0101TSANGlm

Hello, "0101TSANGlm" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
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 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with Catapult 04:06, 13 February 2006 (UTC), which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.. -- Infrogmation 13:12, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:0101TSANGlm


text:
User talk:Drawde

Hello, "Drawde" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. -- Infrogmation 13:14, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

title: User talk:Drawde


text:
Talk:Tourism in Albania

Neutrality
The article seems to contain the viewpoints of both sides of the issue. Thus, I propose to remove the banner. Thanks.Shikuesi3 (talk) 22:48, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

Infobox
Infobox person which is in this page is misleading because it is not a page about a person.--Zygimantus (talk) 17:37, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

Scandinavian
please change ((Scandinavian)) to ((Scandinavia))n
 * Yes check.svg Done Melmann 14:29, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

Open the page for edits or update informations
Open edit 79.98.112.5 (talk) 21:37, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Open Edit, there are a lot of new information should be added here containing source so please consider opening editting page. Illyrianzz (talk) 12:17, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The protection was done by User:EdJohnston in December 2016. After such a long time, they might want to consider allowing new editors and IPs to edit the article. Ktrimi991 (talk) 14:26, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 28 September 2023
In 2022, 13 million visitors have come to Albania, of which 7.5 million are foreign citizens. The data for the full year come from the Institute of Statistics, which includes December, when 965 thousand people visited the country. (There are so many new information adding statistichs of arrivals, also albania has new motto, this is old slogan.) Illyrianzz (talk) 22:01, 28 September 2023 (UTC) There are so many new information adding statistichs of arrivals, also albania has new motto, this is old slogan.
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. M.Bitton (talk) 09:48, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 23 March 2024
Foreign tourist arrivals to Albania rose to over 10.1 million in 2023. 2A02:85F:FC80:4CF9:4129:176F:C66C:AD91 (talk) 11:48, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Liu1126 (talk) 18:09, 23 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tourism in Albania


text:
User talk:Colmmack

ClockworkTroll 13:17, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Colmmack


text:
User talk:AscendantOat

ClockworkTroll 13:17, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:AscendantOat


text:
User talk:Habanero~enwiki

ClockworkTroll 13:19, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Habanero~enwiki


text:
User talk:Rnd~enwiki

ClockworkTroll 13:19, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Rnd~enwiki


text:
User talk:Peter Eedy

ClockworkTroll 13:19, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Squash vandal
The vandal seems to have stopped now, but if it occurs again in future you can get a quick response by filing a report at Administrator intervention against vandalism, or WP:AIV for short (I am not an admin). Oldelpaso 10:13, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

St. Joseph's Nudgee College
Hi Peter Eedy! You recently removed a section from the St. Joseph's Nudgee College article referring to it as unencyclopedic and it was an 'allegation'. Can you please explain your actions? It appears as vandalism as the section meets WP:CS and WP:NOTABLE. Please either reply on my talk page or yours as soon as possible. Cheers  JRA _ Westy Qld2  Talk 04:13, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Hello JRA

The section referred to a person who "accused" and then added the assertion that four others had suicided. The other matter noted that "a report ... stated". All items had the appearance of allegations (yet to be proven?).

I concede that these are horrendous allegations, but just didn't see their relevance in an encyclopaedic entry about a school.

I add that have nothing whatsoever to do with the Nudgee College -- I was just following some links about GPS sport.

As for your suggestion of vandalism, if you care to visit my other contributions to Wikipedia you will see that I am a considered contributor

Regards (and good luck with your baseball)

Peter Peter Eedy (talk) 11:43, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Hey Pete! I think you've slightly missed the point on the controversy section, it is not there to demean the school, it is simply there because it was an allegation made in the news that meets WP:NOTABLE, therefore doesn't even technically have to be true as long as it is covered by a 3rd party source. An example of this would be conspiracy theories (moon landing, aliens etc), because they are covered by 3rd party sources, they are notable enough to be mentioned. Many high profile schools have some type of link to a controversy section, one you may be familiar with because it is in the Brisbane area is Anglican Church Grammar School.

 * Also I did not accuse you of vandalism, merely stated it appears to be vandalism, as I have many highly risk vandalism pages on my watchlist and it is not uncommon to have defamatory unreferenced material put on some of these pages, or whole sections removed because it helps represent a NPOV. I am in no way connected with St. Joseph's Nudgee College (or any school in Brisbane for that matter), so I help maintain a NPOV on these GPS articles that often peacock each other to self-promote the schools.
 * I hope I have cleared up any confusion. Cheers  JRA _ Westy Qld2  Talk 12:57, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks JRA.

 * I concede that the item may well meet Wikipedia criteria, but I still don't see much merit in its inclusion (at least in that form, as I will explain).

 * When I first read it, my reaction was that it appeared more like tabloid journalism than the quality of information I would expect to find in a reference encyclopaedia (as well as appearing somewhat vindictive). I have now read the Churchie section and note that those allegations were actually proven. Notwithstanding this, I arrived at a similar view as I did with the Nudgee section: is this what I expect to find in an encyclopaedia?

 * I suggest that a more appropriate approach would be along the lines of "The school was the subject of some controversy in 2008, with allegations of past sexual abuse (etc.)", together with links to the source material.

 * I trust you will accommodate my 'old fart' view of life!

 * Regards

 * Peter Peter Eedy (talk) 03:32, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

Fair cool, I shall edit accordingly  JRA _ Westy Qld2  Talk 11:37, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Hello JRA -- I really had in mind significantly less information than you have provided in your recent edit, then relying on the referenced newspaper articles to flesh out the story (for those who really need to know more!).

 * I stand by my original assertion that this degree of detail is not appropriate in an encyclopaedia, notwithstanding Wikipedia policies. However, I don't wish to continue to argue the merits of this matter if you feel so strongly about your approach.

 * Regards

 * Peter Peter Eedy (talk) 11:10, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Newmarket SFC
Cheers for comments, happy to oblige to be honest I have an interest in football everywhere it’s played. I thought the Australian football categories needed a bit of a tidy up and came across article while categorising similar. Djln --Djln (talk) 12:11, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

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Lead section History of association football (soccer) in Brisbane, Queensland
I removed the Overview heading because it was actually a good lead section. The article is quite detailed and informative but the headings are too long. You probably want to look at becoming familiar with B class criteria to help progress the article. I find the more different articles you edit, the more you interact with other editors and the more you learn about improving articles. Keep up the good work. - Shiftchange (talk) 12:06, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Also see MOS:UNLINKYEARS. Years are generally not wikilinked. - Shiftchange (talk) 09:53, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

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Orphaned non-free image File:Bardon Latrobe Logo.gif
 Thanks for uploading File:Bardon Latrobe Logo.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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 * Hello Ankit Maity - I have uploaded this image with a link to a new article I have created here User:Peter Eedy/Bardon Latrobe Junior Soccer Club - this article has been submitted and is pending review Regards Peter Eedy (talk) 07:33, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
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Your submission at Articles for creation
 Bardon Latrobe Junior Soccer Club, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! Bryce ( talk  |  contribs ) 07:28, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
 * You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. Note that because you are a logged-in user, you can create articles yourself, and don't have to post a request. However, you are more than welcome to continue submitting work to Articles for Creation.
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Trove citations - the easy way
I notice you are using Trove citations to the digitised newspapers (which is great) but it looks like you are adding them the "hard way". If you are looking at anything in Trove, you should see somewhere on the screen a "Cite" button (top left area of screen on the newspaper articles). Click on Cite and then (if necessary) scroll down to the bottom of the pop-up box where you will see a pre-formatted Wikipedia citation. Copy it and then click on where you want the citation in the Wikipedia article (assuming you are already in edit mode) and then click the "open book with red bookmark" in your Wikipedia-edit toolbar and then paste in the pre-formatted citation and then click Insert. It is a much faster and easier way to create a Trove citation. It is not just the newspapers in Trove that have these pre-formatted citations but also Trove's books, photos, etc all have these Wikipedia citations (the position of the Cite button varies but it's always there somewhere). Just to demonstrate I replaced the first Trove citation in Bardon Latrobe FC with a pre-formatted one (I'm not suggesting you should replace the existing ones), see this difference report. Any questions, please ask. Kerry (talk) 01:12, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

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A kitten for you!

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 * File now linked to article History of soccer in Brisbane, Queensland Peter Eedy (talk) 22:11, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

 * ==Orphaned non-free image File:Budapest Grovely.jpg==

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title: User talk:Peter Eedy


text:
User talk:Esengulov

ClockworkTroll 13:20, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Esengulov


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Category:Airports of Brunei

Category:Airports of Brunei
Brunei only has 2 airports, so only 2 things will ever be in this category, and only one has an article anyway. Do we really need a category for 2 items? Luigi30 13:21, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) Keep. NeoJustin 23:19 Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Size of categories are NOT valid reasons to delete! This has been discussed before countless times. This vote is in the wrong place anyway. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 13:27, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. — siro  χ  o  20:56, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: because of the number of airports, Category:Airports is subcategorised by country. --Rlandmann 10:41, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Newton OS

Newton OS is a discontinued operating system for the Apple Newton PDAs produced by Apple Computer, Inc. between 1993 and 1997. It was written entirely in C++ and trimmed to be low power consuming and use the available memory efficiently. Many applications were pre-installed in the ROM of the Newton (making for quick start-up) to save on RAM and flash memory storage for user applications.

Features
Newton OS features many interface elements that the Macintosh system software didn't have at the time, such as drawers and the "poof" animation. An animation similar to this is found in Mac OS X, and parts of the Newton's handwriting recognition system have been implemented as Inkwell in Mac OS X.

 * Sound responsive — Clicking menus and icons makes a sound; this feature was later introduced in Mac OS 8.
 * Icons - Similar to the Macintosh Desktop metaphor, Newton OS uses icons to open applications.
 * Tabbed documents — Similar to tabbed browsing in today's browsers and Apple's At Ease interface, documents titles appear in a small tab at the top right hand of the screen.
 * Screen rotation — In Newton 2.0, the screen can be rotated to be used for drawing or word processing.
 * File documents — Notes and Drawings can be categorized. E.g. Fun, Business, Personal, etc.
 * Print documents — Documents on the Newton can be printed.
 * Send documents — Documents can be sent to another Newton via Infrared technology or sent using the Internet by E-Mail, or faxed.
 * Menus — Similar to menus seen in Mac OS, but menu titles are instead presented at the bottom of the screen in small rectangles, making them similar to buttons with attached "pop-up" menus.

Many features of the Newton are best appreciated in the context of the history of Pen computing.

Software
Shortly after the Newton PDA's release in 1993, developers were not paying much attention to the new Newton OS API and were still more interested in developing for the Macintosh and Windows platforms. It was not until two years later that developers saw a potential market available to them in creating software for Newton OS. Several programs were made by third-party developers, including software to enhance the disappointing hand writing recognition technology of Newton OS 1.x.

The basic software that came with Newton OS:

 * Works — A program for drawing and word processing, with typical capabilities such as: rulers, margins, page breaks, formatting, printing, spell checking and find & replace tools.
 * Notes — Used for checklists, as well as both drawing and writing in the same program either with a newton keyboard or a stylus pen.
 * Dates — Calendar program where you can schedule appointments and other special events.
 * Names — Program for storing extensive contacts information in a flexible format.
 * Formulas — Program that offers metric conversions, currency conversions, loan and mortgage calculators, etc.
 * Calculator — A basic calculator with square root, percentage, MR, M+ and M− functions additional to the basic functions found on a calculator.
 * Clock — A small floating window type application, known as a desktop accessory on the Macintosh. The Newton clock also includes features for an alarm, minute timer and the date.
 * Book Reader — Support for displaying electronic books is built in.

Handwriting recognition
The Newton uses the CalliGrapher word-based handwriting recognition engine developed by ParaGraph International Inc, led by former Soviet scientist Stepan Pachikov.

The earliest versions had weaknesses that resulted in bad publicity and reviews. However, with the release of Newton PDAs based upon version 2.0 of the OS, the handwriting recognition substantially improved, partially being a product of ParaGraph and an Apple-created recognizer pair: Apple's Rosetta and Mondello. Newton's handwriting recognition, particularly the print recognizer, has been considered by many reviewers, testers, and users to be the best in the industry, even 10 years after it was introduced. HWR accuracy:
 * See comments in Wired's Apple Newton Just Won't Drop (four years later)
 * See text under "Handwriting Recognition" in Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0
 * See "Opportunity Squandered" in Pen Computing's Why did Apple kill the Newton?
 * See comments under "Software" in MacTech's MessagePad 2000 review
 * Comments by Pen Computing's editor
 * See user testing results discussed in part 6 of this A.I. Magazine article on Newton HWR
 * MessagePad 2000 review at Small Dog Electronics
 * See comments under "Note-taking" in MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society"
 * What's Right With The Newton: HWR
 * Assessment by Apple developer
 * Prof. Warden's MessagePad 130 review It was developed by Apple's Advanced Technology Group, and was described in 2012 as "the world's first genuinely usable handwriting recognition system".

The Newton can recognize hand-printed text, cursive, or a mix of the two, and can also accept free-hand "Sketches", "Shapes", and "ink text". Text can also be entered by tapping with the stylus on a small on-screen pop-up QWERTY keyboard. With "Shapes", Newton can recognize that the user was attempting to draw a circle, a line, a polygon, etc., and it cleans them up into "perfect" vector representations (with modifiable control points and defined vertices) of what the user is attempting to draw. "Shapes" and "Sketches" can be scaled or deformed once drawn. "Ink text" captures the user's free-hand writing but allows it to be treated somewhat like recognized text when manipulating for later editing purposes ("ink text" supported word wrap, could be formatted to be bold, italic, etc.). At any time a user can also direct the Newton to recognize selected "ink text" and turn it into recognized text (deferred recognition). A Newton Note document (or the notes attached to each contact in Names and each calendar event) can contain any mix of interleaved text, ink text, Shapes, and Sketches.

NewtonScript
Newton OS runs applications written in C++, along with an interpreted, user-friendly language called NewtonScript. These applications are stored in packages.

Additional resources & information

 * NewtonTalk discussion email list
 * Einstein: a Newton emulator
 * CalliGrapher handwriting recognition software
 * Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing
 * Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing

Reviews

 * MacTech's review of MessagePad 2000
 * MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society"
 * Prof. Wittmann's collection of Newton & MessagePad reviews
 * CNET compares a MessagePad to a Samsung Q1 UMPC

title: Newton OS


text:
God's Playground

God's Playground: A History of Poland is a history book in two volumes written by Norman Davies, covering a 1000-year history of Poland. Volume 1: The origins to 1795, and Volume 2: 1795 to the present first appeared as the Oxford Clarendon Press publication in 1981 and have since been reprinted in multiple times, and translated into Polish as Boże igrzysko : Historia Polski by Elżbieta Tabakowska (2 volumes in 1, with 1183 pages by Znak Publishers of Kraków). Davies was inspired to the title by Jan Kochanowski's 1580s poem Boże igrzysko ("Mankind: Bauble of the Gods").

The book, which most editions split into two volumes, has received favourable reviews in the international press, and is considered by many historians and other scholars to be one of the best English-language books on the subject of the history of Poland. The author received several Polish honours.

Selected editions

 * English:
 * God's Playground, Columbia University Press, 1979
 * God's Playground, Oxford University Press, 1981, ISBN 0-19-822555-5 (vol. 1), ISBN 0-19-822592-X (vol. 2)
 * God's Playground, Columbia University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-231-05350-9 (vol. 1) and ISBN 0-231-05352-5 (vol. 2)
 * God's Playground, Columbia University Press, 1983
 * God's Playground, Oxford University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-19-821944-X (vol. 2)
 * God's Playground, Columbia University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-231-05351-7 (vol.1), ISBN 0-231-05353-3 (vol. 2)
 * God's Playground, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-925339-0 (vol. 1) and ISBN 0-19-925340-4 (vol. 2)
 * God's Playground, Columbia University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-231-12817-7 (vol. 1), ISBN 0-231-12819-3 (vol. 2)
 * Polish:
 * Boże igrzysko, bibuła edition in the 1980s
 * Boże igrzysko, ZNAK 1989, ISBN 83-7006-052-8
 * Boże igrzysko, ZNAK 1994, ISBN 83-7006-331-4
 * Boże igrzysko, ZNAK 1999
 * Boże igrzysko, ZNAK 2006, ISBN 83-240-0654-0

title: God's Playground


text:
User talk:Hairy

ClockworkTroll 13:26, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hairy


text: User talk:203.116.59.23

title: User talk:203.116.59.23


text:
User talk:ErvinNemeth

ClockworkTroll 13:31, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:ErvinNemeth


text:
Talk:Castlevania

Nomenclature
I can't beleive this is being brought up again but it's high time to retire the "Devil's Castle" translation and reinstate the "Demon Castle" translation for 悪魔城. The reason being is that the "Devil's Castle" translation is actually a translation of Teufelsschloss, which is German. By that logic, the series would be "悪魔の城ドラキュラ" which does mean "Devil's Castle Dracula". However, a lot of materials suggest otherwise, including the back of the Vampire Killer box ("Dracula's Satanic Castle"), the English text for the New Generation manual, which is a direct Engrish translation of the original Vampire Killer manual, labelling it as "Demonic Castle of Dracula", and recently in Konami's Pixel Puzzle Collection app for Android and iOS, which also uses "Demonic Castle", all three of which are translations of 悪魔城. Being a member of several Castlevania communities, we have come to the agreement that "Devil's Castle" is a bad translation, and that one of the reasons to use it is to differentiate with Knightmare, which also uses "Demon Castle" as a translation although spelled as "魔城".--Tailikku (talk) 16:10, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * More evidence towards the Demon Castle translation, compiled by members of the Castlevania Dungeon.

 * Aria of Sorrow flat out says "Demon Castle War" in reference to the 1999 war
 * Portrait of Ruin uses "Demonic Castle" in the manual
 * Order of Ecclesia uses "Demon Fortress" in the term list
 * Official translation of the Harmony of Despair tagline calls it "Demon Castle"
 * Konami's official website uses "Horror action in the Demon Castle" as tagline for the MSX2 port of the original, also known as Vampire Killer.

--Tailikku (talk) 06:11, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

Circle of the Moon Canon?
Is this a mistake or was it announced BrendanEicher (talk) 15:02, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

Anniversary Collection
I think that re-releases like the Anniversary Collection should get some mention.

KilluaX3 (talk) 20:29, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Castlevania