text:
Talk:Nirmala Srivastava

List of references from the article
Hello again. I've just compiled a list of scholarly references used in this article and in the Sahaja Yoga article. It seems that the scholarly references are more inclined to use the honorific title. There is a variety but most often it is "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" which is often shortened to "Shri Mataji". This is interesting because the shortened version is made up of two, purely honorific names. Here is the list:

Judith Coney, Sahaja Yoga: Socializing Processes in a South Asian New Religious Movement (1999) – Sri Mataji Nirmala Devi, shortened to Sri Mataji (used most often). Only one reference to Nirmala Srivastava.

Hinduism Today - Mataji Nirmala Devi

Kakar, Sudhir (1984) Shamans, Mystics and Doctors: A Psychological Inquiry into India and Its Healing Traditions - Mata Nirmala Devi

Holiest Wars: Islamic Mahdis, Their Jihads, and Osama Bin Laden 2005 by Timothy R. Furnish & Michael Rubin - Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi

Inform brochure - Her Holiness Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi Srivastava

http://www.irelandyoga.org - Shri Mataji

Thorax International Journal of Respiratory Medicine - HH Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi

Barrett, David V. The New Believers - Shri Mataji

Claes Nobel - Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi

WIPO  - Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi Srivastava, shortened to Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi; or Shri Mataji.

Freelion (talk) 03:23, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

2011 proposed rename of article
Most of the scholarly references use a version of "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" and given her worldwide following, Nirmala Srivastava will be known even more commonly by her honorific name as time goes on. I suggest again that this article's name be changed to the more commonly used honorific name as per the exception to the general rule of not using honorifics. Freelion (talk) 00:46, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I disagree. And you need to start a new discussion, not post messages at the end of old ones. Imc (talk) 07:19, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Golly Imc, that's officious of you :) Would you care to elaborate? Willbeback, is it the discussion here you were referring to as not reflecting consensus or the discussion on the use of the rules on honorifics? Freelion (talk) 00:51, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The linked page, Naming conventions (Indic), is a proposed guideline and the relevant section is particularly disputed. Until such time as that is settled, the more relevant page is Naming conventions (people). It says "Honorifics and other titles such as "King", "Queen", "Blessed", "Mother", "Father", "Doctor", "Mister", "Mrs" etc. are not generally used to begin the titles of biographical articles, unless they are used to form the unambiguous name by which the subject is clearly best known (as in Mother Teresa, Father Damien)." Why the subject is known by several name, some including honorifics, I don't see that one is preferred unambiguously.   Will Beback    talk    00:50, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * There may be some variation in the honorific names but will you grant that it is unambiguous that Nirmala Srivasta is least known by the name she was born with? Freelion (talk) 01:04, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

 * An indirectly relevant section is Manual_of_Style_(biographies).   Will Beback    talk    01:08, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Based on that I would propose the title of the article be changed to "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" with an explanation in the first paragraph of her married name (not born with, sorry) and her more widely known honorific title. Further references to her name could be as "Nirmala Srivastava" without the honorifics... Freelion (talk) 01:33, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Her birth name, or whichever name does not include honorifics, is the one we should use. For comparison, the article on Sri Sri Ravi Shankar was recently renamed to Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader), even though it required using a disambiguator. Aside from apparent followers of Shankar, the input from Wikipedia editors strongly supported the move. See Talk:Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)/Archive_1. We can initiate a similar, formal move discussion if you like, in order to gain wider input from the community.    Will Beback    talk    02:55, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The choice of either birth name or married name can be decided per wp:COMMONNAME, but that does not extend to ignoring Naming conventions (people) and creating an excuse for using honorifics, titles and such other gibberish in article names. Otherwise every article about a doctor, nurse, sheriff, constable, politician, second-assistant-deputy-dogcatcher, mister, master, missus, miss, or what-have-you would soon have a move debate going. We have better things to do with our time. LeadSongDog come howl!  04:03, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks LeadSongDog and Will Beback, I've referred to those articles and have the following quotes which I think apply here.
 * From wp:COMMONNAME: The name used most often to refer to a person in reliable sources is generally the one that should be used as the article title, even if it is not their "real" name, and even if it appears to pass judgement on the person (as with Alfred the Great).

 * Honorifics and other titles such as "King", "Queen", "Blessed", "Mother", "Father", "Doctor", "Mister", "Mrs" etc. are not generally used to begin the titles of biographical articles, unless they are used to form the unambiguous name by which the subject is clearly best known (as in Mother Teresa, Father Damien).

 * From Naming conventions (people): The title of the article should be that which is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language reliable sources.

 * So it comes back to what I have demonstrated above - the subject is least known by her married name and more commonly known by her honorific name. Ravi Shankar is different because most people know him without the honorific title - the "Sri Sri" at the beginning was superfluous. Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi is quite different from Nirmala Srivastava but it's what she is most commonly known as and referred to by reliable sources. Freelion (talk) 01:02, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * "Shri", "Mataji", and "Devi" are all honorifics or epithets. "Devi" means "goddess". While it's fine for her followers to call her a goddess, it's not an appropriate usage for a neutral encyclopedia.
 * You have not demonstrated that "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" is the most common usage in English - you have provided citations to sources which use that or variations of it. It's arguable that "Mahatma Gandhi" is the most common name, but Wikipedia prefers to use "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi" as the name of the article. Likewise, "Shri Shri Ravi Shankar" is a commonly used variant, with followers sometimes just calling him "Shri Shri", but that's not how the Wikipedi article is titled. If you'd like to pursue this we can start a formal move discussion. Exactly which name are you proposing?   Will Beback    talk    01:21, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't mind going for the formal move discussion if you could do the honors Will Beback. I'm proposing the Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi name as the one which is most commonly known. I just looked at another reference and see that Claes Nobel also refered to her with this title. I'll add that to the list above. The name of the Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi article seems to contravene the guidelines that I have listed in my last comment. It seems cut and dry to me that Mahatma is the name most commonly in use but this seems to have been lost in discussion on that talk page. There are other articles which use the honorific title "Sri" when it is the name in common useage, e.g. Sri Ramana Maharshi. Freelion (talk) 02:13, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * FYI, that article is actually at Ramana Maharshi, with a redirect from Sri Ramana Maharshi. Likewise, redirects to this article include Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi, Mataji Nirmala Devi, Shri Mataji Nirmala Shrivastava, Mataji Nirmala Shrivastava, Nirmala Salve, and Nirmala Shrivastava.
 * I'll go ahead and start a formal move discussion with your proposed name.   Will Beback    talk    04:51, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * OK, not the best example but there are plenty of other articles out there beginning with the honorary title of Sri. Freelion (talk) 06:26, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * If so they should probably be moved. In any case, "other stuff exists" is not a good argument on Wikipedia when it comes to issues pertaining to an individual article.   Will Beback    talk    06:35, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it doesn't really matter about the name being honorary or not when it is the name by which someone is mostly known by. It's just the common name, even if it does pass judgment on the person, like "Alfred the Great". This is clearly spelt out in wp:COMMONNAME which covers exactly this type of situation - Wikipedia uses the name most commonly used by reliable sources even if the name does seem to pass judgment. The only question is which name is the subject of this article referred to the most by reliable sources. The answer is certainly not "Nirmala Srivastava", her married name. Counting the sources listed in this article (as listed above) will give us "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi", which is also the name used by her devotees. Freelion (talk) 23:58, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia has a strong bias against using honorifics in article names. That's why the article is at Jesus, instead of "Jesus Christ". Anyway, we've both made our positions clear. Let's see if uninvolved editors have any input.   Will Beback    talk    00:08, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

Alfred the Great is a red herring. It is only one of our Alfred articles, and comes under wp:PRECISE. If we had articles on other people named "Nirmala Srivastava" there might be a need for additional words to distinguish this one, but that is not the case. Even then, those words would have to follow wp:UE and the other parts of wp:Article titles, not just the wp:COMMONNAME part. Hence we could have: Nirmala Srivastava, known to her devotees as "illustrious respected mother Nirmala goddess" (Hindi:"Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi") was ... LeadSongDog come howl!  04:14, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi LeadSongDog, are you sure you're not offering us a red herring yourself? The article on Alfred the Great is called that because it is his common name, it just happens that it is also being precise. You can't get any more precise than using someone's common name when it is unique. In regards to your other suggesion, there's no harm in translating the meaning of the subject's common name but the article name itself would not need to be anglicized. Freelion (talk) 01:05, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Even Alfred the Great has been controversial. Talk:Alfred the Great/Archive 1 I count at least three discussions there. There's probably another dozen at other pages. Etc.   Will Beback    talk    01:24, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Freelion forgot to actually read wp:PRECISE and wp:UE. Otherwise, I can't understand that 01:05, 24 March post. These are not my ideas, they are the established consensus on how articles should be titled. LeadSongDog come howl!  06:08, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * wp:PRECISE and wp:UE are secondary to the case in hand. wp:PRECISE calls for Wikipedia articles to be no more precise than they have to be. Articles only need to be titled with a more precise name when it would otherwise be ambiguous, such as two people with the same name. That is not relevant in this case.

 * wp:UE is about using the English spelling of a person's name if there is one (in this case there isn't). The foreign name can be translated into English and as I've said, this is appropriate in the body of the article.

 * However, for the title of the article, the most important rule we have is wp:COMMONNAME which specifically allows for the use of honorifics if it can be established that the subject is commonly referred to in that manor by reliable sources. Leadsongdog, could you please explain why you believe wp:COMMONNAME does not apply in this case? A clarification: Naming conventions, people is the relevant section which specifically allows for honorifics. Freelion (talk) 03:11, 28 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a link to show why we should consider that "the most important rule we have is wp:COMMONNAME"? So far as I can tell, it is just one of the criteria to apply in choosing titles, and not anything like the most important. wp:PRECISE says "Be precise, but only as precise as necessary." wp:UE links to wp:EN as the main guideline, the very first para of which says "The title of an article should generally use the version of the name of the subject which is most common in the English language, as you would find it in reliable sources (for example other encyclopedias and reference works). This makes it easy to find, and easy to compare information with other sources. Often this will be the local version, as with Madrid. Sometimes the usual English version will differ somewhat from the local form (Aragon, Venice, Normandy; Franz Josef Strauss, Victor Emmanuel III, Christopher Columbus). Rarely, as with Germany or Mount Everest, it will be completely different." Please don't cherry-pick the parts of guidelines to suit your POV, it is unbecoming. Unless you are actually prepared to argue that nearly every King, Mayor, Judge, Pope, Doctor, and Honorable Member should have their articles so titled, how can you justify this case? It is simply inconsistent. LeadSongDog come howl!  04:56, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Leadsongdog, wp:COMMONNAME is still the most relevant advice to refer to, along with Naming conventions, people when deciding whether or not to use an honorific name in the title of this article. It certainly would be more important than wp:UE and wp:EN which do not have any relevance here as explained in my last post, and further below.

 * You have not answered my question as to how the advice given at wp:COMMONNAME does not apply to this article. You have only repeated the assertion that there is a consensus against using honorifics in Wikipedia, however you have not addressed the fact that Naming conventions, people specifically allows for the use of honorifics in cases where most reliable sources use the honorific name. This exception can also apply to Indian names as stated at Naming conventions (Indic). The question is, what is the name used by most reliable sources?

 * Please refer to the list of references from the article above and you will find the most common is "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" and also "Her Honorable Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi". MOS:HONORIFIC discourages the use of "Her Honourable" so we are left with "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi". There is no reason to translate this into English for the title of the article as it has not been done by reliable sources and there is no variant English spelling; so wp:UE does not apply here. The relevant advice for Indian names is at Naming conventions (Indic) which discourages titles and honorifics but allows exceptions to individuals who are widely known by an honorific name or with a title. If you look at the reliable sources, there is no reason to leave the title of this article as the subject's married name since she is not widely known by this name. Freelion (talk) 02:36, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * It seems you are still confusing the intention of wp:COMMONNAME. Just because an honorific is commonly used with a name does not make it part of the name. Since you bring it up, I'm sure you can see at that it has remained as just a proposed guideline for several years principally because a few people are having trouble grasping this. Other parts of the proposal are essentially uncontentious, but this goes hard against established practice in the rest of WP. For the vast majority of biographic articles, the name of the article approximates the subject's legal name. COMMONNAME is principally for those who are best known by false names, such as used by actors. Please stop trying to twist it into some kind of general rule to justify inserting these honorifics and titles. LeadSongDog  come howl!  16:23, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * wp:COMMONNAME is not the general rule of naming a biography but it does provide an exception to the general rule of using a person's real full name. It says to use the name most commonly in use. Furthermore, Naming conventions, people supports the use of honorifics in the person's common name. Do you propose that we ignore these guidelines which seem specifically formulated for articles like this? You still have not explained why you believe the above two links do not apply in this case.

 * The subject is known most widely by her honorific title. The honorifics are not just used with the name but actually form the name by which she is most widely known: Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi. If you want to argue that "Devi" is also honorary because it means goddess, you might as well say that Nirmala is honorary because it means immaculate. "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" is composed with honorary words but the fact is, it is the name most commonly in use. You can call it a stage name in which case the above guidelines most definitely apply. Freelion (talk) 02:38, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

Passing?
Several IP editors added today as the last day of the subject's life. I reverted them because I cannot find any confirmation online. If it is true then kindly provide some link to an official source or news site.  Will Beback   talk    22:14, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Yes, this is correct. There is no official announcement as yet. Yogiwallah (talk) 00:54, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. My condolences. However I'm sure you can understand why we need to have a reliable source for this before adding it to the article.   Will Beback    talk    00:59, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Here's the official announcement: http://www.sahajayogablog.org/2011/02/darshan.html Yogiwallah (talk) 11:47, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the link. I've added it to the article.   Will Beback    talk    22:06, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Here's the official obituary: http://www.sahajaworldfoundation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222%3Ashri-matajis-orbituary&catid=1&Itemid=240 Yogiwallah (talk) 02:01, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Consensus is that the honorific shouldn't be used. Dpmuk (talk) 17:20, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Nirmala Srivastava → Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi — This is a courtesy posting. User:Freelion suggests moving the article per wp:COMMONNAME because he says that the proposed name is used more commonly in popular and scholarly sources than the subject's birth name. I recommend keeping the article at the birth name because the proposed name includes three honorifics or laudatory epithets, and is just one of several terms by which the subject is known. The page name has been discussed previously at Talk:Nirmala Srivastava/Archive 1.  Will Beback   talk    05:03, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Keep as is per Will Beback . Avoid honorifics in titles. --Bejnar (talk) 05:36, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

 * wp:COMMONNAME suggests titling the article as the person's name that is most commonly referred to in reliable sources and Naming conventions, people specifically allows for the use of honorifics when the subject is commonly referred to in that manor by reliable sources. Freelion (talk) 03:15, 28 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, the exception is narrower than that, it says: ''Honorifics ... are not generally used to begin the titles of biographical articles, unless they are used to form the unambiguous name by which the subject is clearly best known. I stand by my keep. --Bejnar (talk) 14:32, 28 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Have you seen the list of references above (at the end of the original move discussion, just before the 2011 heading)? The subject is most often referred to with the honorific name by reliable sources. Freelion (talk) 00:48, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Keep at brief and common name; where there are several common names, as here, we generally choose the most concise and least loaded one. Compare Arthur Conan Doyle, although Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is more common. When and if the proposed name becomes routine (as Alfred the Great is), the opposition here will have melted away. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:17, 1 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The list of references above show a majority of the use of the proposed name "Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi", as well as the shortened version, Shri Mataji. The longer version, "H.H. Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi" (Her Honourable) can have the "H.H." taken off as per MOS:HONORIFIC. How much of a majority do we need? Freelion (talk) 01:12, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

 * That was not meant to be a rhetorical question by the way. How do we ascertain the common name for the article from the list of reliable sources? See new subsection above for reference. Freelion (talk) 02:24, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Unless the reliable source actually discusses the topic of naming, honorifics, styles, titles, forms of address and so forth it won't be much use. If the writing exhibits a disregard for the distinction between these it won't be much use. Sources written from within her movement or by followers won't be much use. That should greatly shorten the search. LeadSongDog come howl!  13:40, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Leadsongdog, the reliable sources do not need to "discuss the topic of naming". You are just making up your own rules now. The reliable sources from the article are listed above in a new subsection. None of them are self published. Now please tell me - which name is used most often by the reliable sources? Freelion (talk) 09:48, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * This move has already gone past its normal discussion time. There's a back-up on page moves due to the laziness of admins. Darn them! Let's not focus on the name so much, there are many redirects and names in the text. The subject is still just recently passed. There are better ways of improving the article than fighting over the title. Do we have any new sources for the memorials?   Will Beback    talk    10:16, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Shri-Mataji-Nirmala-Devi-Lane-Cove-Sydney-Australia.JPG Nominated for speedy Deletion
I have provided a rationale (for the use of the image in this article) on the image description page. Freelion (talk) 00:34, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

Shri Mataji was never closely associated with Rajneesh
I don't know what made the editor add this.Any ways he has rightly added that in 1970 Shri Mataji visited Rajneesh's ashram and was shocked to see him fooling people in the name of sex and Kundalini.Then she decided to start Sahaja Yoga and thereafter she never visited his ashram.It was just once by accident.And it doesn't matter what Sudhir Kakar thinks.There are many people who make different claims and you just can't possibly go on adding everyone's claim.You don't have a source which says "Nirmala Srivastava was closely associated with Rajneesh in her apprenticeship years" and I presume Sudhir Kakar too doesn't have any such source rather than just guessing and making blind claims.Even if you have a source that says "Sudhir Kakar wrote that Nirmala Srivastava was closely associated with Rajneesh in her apprenticeship years",it won't make those rumours true because it is solely based on one person's opinion which isn't true.I humbly request the editor to delete this content. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.228.154.200 (talk) 18:39, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi there, I understand your concern. The rules of Wikipedia are that everything is backed up by a published reference, see this article about the rules. Although this isn't perfect, it certainly does help provide a 'rule of law'; otherwise people could just say anything they liked. If you would like to help out, I encourage you to find some new reliable sources which back up your point of view. Freelion (talk) 02:58, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The 161 page of a Sahaja Yoga certified book called "Tenth Incarnation" reads this "the Osho fans claimed that Shri Mataji was his disciple.Of course she refuted their ridiculous charge and recounted that on the contrary she had warned him in 1970 not to destroy the innocence of the seekers."
 * Unfortunately,I do not have any internet source regarding this matter.You won't find controversies on the official Sahaja Yoga websites. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.228.208.231 (talk • contribs) 11:56, 30 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Author? Publication year? Publisher? LeadSongDog come howl!  13:14, 30 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Author is Yogi Mahajan and the publisher is NITL (the official publisher for all Sahaja Yoga books,audios,videos) You can find other details regarding the book here-
 * http://www.nitl.co.in/Public/ShoppingCart/ItemDetails.aspx??Sfxytu597nt5+M+OYF8rasXxWw5RMRSpXbXkt29KyTNQrrw5TM1gKFdZwrg06neeZKn8eAZDqpIruoO1f3vPDA==
 * According to this it hasn't been released yet. It doesn't show a publication date, and I couldn't find a library listing anywhere. It does however hint that it is only part of a biography by Mahajan. The Library of Congress lists here a 1999 biography of Nirmala by Mahajan, identified as ISBN 8120815904. Every reliable publisher (and many unreliable ones) have used ISBNs for many years. These are the best way to identify the work, and are used by booksellers worldwide. LeadSongDog come howl!  18:06, 30 August 2012 (UTC)
 * It is already available for shopping on NITL which means it has already been released.Trust me I have bought the book and read it.I have given you enough evidences.Please remove the content or at least add the content which I gave you from the book in defence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.228.53.73 (talk) 15:11, 31 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, if you have the book, why not provide full citation information, instead of forcing other people to try and figure it out? LeadSongDog come howl!  02:30, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Dear anon, please read of this link and you can supply the reference from your book. It says ISBNs are optional. Freelion (talk) 02:17, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Here is the official release of the book-http://www.sahajayogablog.org/2011/06/sahaj-gyaan-newsletter-3-new-book.html .Thank you Freelion,I will right away add the content in defence.

Why doesnt this page mention anything about Ms. Shrivastavas claims to divinity?
I dont think this page provides all the information available regarding this woman that is found in the sources of Sahaja Yoga itself. In this it matches up nicely to the actual Sahaja Yoga practice of starting off the initiate with the meditation etc. practices and once they are suggestible, only then bring up the claims of divinity at an `advanced` level. This is the same technique as used in Transcendental Meditation, except there you cant find a website outright calling the guru a god from an official group source.

http://www.adishakti.org/

http://adishakti.org/shri_mataji.htm

I will leave it to inquisitive readers to find the photograph which purports to show angels descending around a picture of `Mataji`. Once again a familiar issue with `godmen` (women?). I commend Nirmala Shrivastava for her charisma and ingenuity in pulling this off. Nevertheless, I dont wish to assert my personal view about her but only want the article to correctly reflect the actual propagated message. Neither this page nor Sahaja Yoga explains any of this. If no one brings up a substantial objection I shall make the relevant edits when logged in. There is additionally information regarding Sahaja Yoga and Ms. Shrivastava on websites from former adherents but I am not referencing such sources, nor do I believe it to be necessary to do so to present a balanced picture. 94.197.120.44 (talk) 23:43, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Nirmala Srivastava


text:
In Nacht und Eis

In Nacht und Eis (English: "In Night and Ice"), also called Der Untergang der Titanic ("The Sinking of the Titanic") and Shipwrecked in Icebergs in the US, is a 1912 German silent adventure-disaster drama film about the sinking of RMS Titanic. This is the second made, and the first surviving film about the Titanic disaster.

Plot
The film starts out with the passengers boarding at Southampton. The lives of the passengers on board the ill-fated ocean liner are depicted. On 14 April, Titanic strikes an iceberg, throwing the diners in the Café Parisien to the side. Panic strikes the passengers. The crew ready the lifeboats, despite the fact that there are not enough of them. Women and children are loaded, while the men are held back. The radio operators (who take up most of the sinking part of the film) send out an SOS. Fire blows out of the funnels during the sinking and then the boilers explode. The ship's band is repeatedly shown playing musical pieces, the titles of which are shown on captions; the hymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee" is played. As the radio room floods, the Captain calls out to the passengers, "Be British!" and finally the Captain releases the operators from their duty but both are willing to remain on the ship. As Titanic sinks, the captain saves a drowning man and takes him to a lifeboat but he refuses a spot and declares he will follow his ship, swims away and the waves close over the swimming captain, as his cap floats in the water.

Production
The film was produced by Continental-Kunstfilm of Berlin, and directed by the Romanian Mime Misu. While most of its footage was shot in a glasshouse studio in the rear courtyard of the offices at 123 Chausseestrasse, some footage was shot in Hamburg, and some was possibly done aboard the German ocean liner Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, then docked at Hamburg. The Café Parisien scenes were filmed in the vessel's Winter Garden. The Berlin Fire Department provided water to use for the sinking scenes. The filming began in May 1912, and the film premiered in August 1912. The Captain and First Officer are played by Otto Rippert and Ernst Rückert respectively.

With a running time of 35 minutes, In Nacht und Eis was three times longer than the average film of 1912. Shot in black and white, various scenes were tinted to heighten their impact, such as night scenes in dark blue and a shot of a stoker feeding a burner in red.

In one scene, a title card reads: Der kleine Milliardenerbe, welcher mit seinem Kindermädchen gerettet wurde, weil sich die ganze Familie opferte, um den Namen zu erhalten which translates to "The little inheritor of billions, who was rescued by his nanny to preserve the [family] name, since the whole family sacrificed themselves." This related to the true story of the Allison family which were traveling in First Class, whose baby Trevor escaped the Titanic with his nanny Alice, while his family perished in the sinking.

Preservation status
The film was presumed lost until February 1998, when the German film archivist Horst Lange, after seeing a newspaper article mentioning the disappearance of In Nacht und Eis, informed the paper that he possessed a print of the film, after which the Deutsche Kinemathek started working on a restoration of the film, which premiered on August 28, 1998 in Bonn. Various scenes can be seen in the documentary Beyond Titanic. The movie itself is available to view in its entirety on YouTube.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: In Nacht und Eis


text:
My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean

"My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean", or simply "My Bonnie", is a traditional Scottish folk song and Children’s song that is popular in Western culture. It is listed in Roud Folk Song Index as No. 1422. The song has been recorded by numerous artists since the beginning of the 20th century, and many parody versions also exist.

The best known recording of the song may be a rock and roll version titled "My Bonnie" by Tony Sheridan and The Beatles, recorded in the first ever commercial recording session that featured The Beatles. The resulting single is generally regarded as the Beatles' first single.

History
Although the song's origin is uncertain, its original subject could be Charles Edward Stuart ('Bonnie Prince Charlie'): after the defeat of the Prince at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and his subsequent exile, his Jacobite supporters could have sung this song or one like it in his honour; and thanks to the ambiguity of the term "Bonnie", which can refer to a woman as well as to a man, they could pretend it was a love song.

In 1881, under the duo of pseudonyms H. J. Fuller and J. T. Wood, Charles E. Pratt published sheet music for "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me". Theodore Raph, in his 1964 book American Song Treasury: 100 Favorites, writes people were requesting the song at sheet music stores in the 1870, and Pratt was convinced to publish a version of it under the pseudonyms. The song became a big hit, especially popular with college singing groups, but also for any group singing.

Another song from the English tradition titled "My Barney Lies over the Ocean" has a slightly different melody, and it is said to be an antecedent of "My Bonnie". In the liner notes for 1975 album "For Pence and Spicy Ale" where the English traditional singing group The Watersons recorded a version, the musicologist A. L. Lloyd says about "My Barney": "A stage song favoured by Irish comedians from the 1860s on. During the 1880s, apparently on American university campuses, close harmony groups remade it into the better-known—and even more preposterous—'My Bonny Lies over the Ocean'. Watersons had this from Bob Davenport who learnt it from a Frank Quinn 78."

Early recordings
Many early recordings were recorded under the title "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me", such as the recording released by the vocal group Haydn Quartet in 1901. Others with the same title include an instrumental version by The Taylor Trio (1916), and a vocal version by Alma Gluck and Orpheus Quartet (1918). The song was recorded in many different musical styles; for example, the country group The Leake County Revelers recorded a country version in 1927 with the title "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean", a big band version was recorded by Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra in 1938, and a calypso-style version by Ella Fitzgerald with Bobby Orton's Teen-Aces in 1952, released as the flip side of "Trying".

In 1919, Billy Murray released a different song titled "My Barney Lies Over the Ocean (Just the Way He Lied to Me)", where a few modified lines of "My Bonnie" was used as the chorus. It was sung from a female perspective where she suspected her significant other (the "Barney" of the title) of cheating and lying.

There have been a handful of field recordings of traditional versions. Birmingham resident Cecilia Costello was recorded singing a version by Peter Kennedy in 1951, whilst the "East Grinstead Old People's Club" of East Grinstead, Sussex, England sang a version to Ken Stubbs in 1960, which can be heard online via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website. Traditional versions of the song have also been recorded in the United States and Canada.

Lyrics
My Bonnie lies over the ocean, My Bonnie lies over the sea, My Bonnie lies over the ocean, Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

[Chorus] Bring back, bring back, Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me, to me. Bring back, bring back, Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

Oh, blow ye winds over the ocean, Oh, blow ye winds over the sea, Oh, blow ye winds over the ocean, And bring back my Bonnie to me.

[Repeat Chorus]

Last night as I lay on my pillow, Last night as I lay on my bed, Last night as I lay on my pillow, I dreamt that my Bonnie was dead.

[Repeat chorus]

The winds have blown over the ocean, The winds have blown over the sea, The winds have blown over the ocean, And brought back my Bonnie to me.

[Repeat chorus]

Variations and parodies
The structure and tune of the song made it a suitable vehicle for parody, and numerous variations and parodies of the song have been created over the years. Some of these may be sung as children songs, and many have become common campfire song for organizations such as the Boy Scouts. These campfire versions are occasionally accompanied by interactive movements, such as sitting down or standing up every time a word that begins with the letter "b" is sung. Two examples are given below, the first may be sung as additional verses or variations for the song, the second a song titled "Oh God, How the Money Rolls In" sung to the tune of "My Bonnie":

Last night as I lay on my pillow, Last night as I lay on my bed, I stuck my feet out of the window, In the morning the neighbors were dead.
 * My Bonnie (variations)

Bring back, bring back, oh bring back my neighbor to me, to me Bring back, bring back, oh bring back my neighbor to me

My Bonnie leaned over the gas tank, The height of its contents to see, I lighted a match to assist her, O Bring back my Bonnie to me.

Bring back, bring back, oh bring back my Bonnie to me, to me Bring back, bring back, oh bring back my Bonnie to me.

My breakfast lies over the ocean, My luncheon lies over the rail. My supper lies in a commotion. Won't somebody bring me a pail?

Please bring, please bring, oh please bring a pail to me, to me. Please bring, please bring, oh please bring a pail to me.

My mother makes beer in the bathtub, My father makes synthetic gin, My sister makes fudge for a quarter, My God, how the money rolls in.
 * My God, How The Money Rolls In

[chorus] Rolls in, rolls in, my God, how the money rolls in, rolls in, Rolls in, rolls in, my God, how the money rolls in.

My mother, she drowned in the bathtub, My father, he died from his gin, My sister she choked on her chocolate, My God, what a jam I am in.

[Repeat chorus]

I tried making beer in the bathtub, I tried making synthetic gin, I tried making fudge for a living, Now look at the shape that I'm in.

[Repeat chorus]

Another variant popular in the Scouting movement goes under titles such as "My Father's a Lavatory Cleaner", "Shine Your Buttons with Brasso", and "Sweet Violets". Its history is unknown, but the references to the cleaning material Brasso, its price of three ha'pence (three halfpennies), and its availability from Woolworths, suggest a possible origin in English music hall, or among British or ANZAC troops, in the early 20th century. It is Roud folk song index no. 10232.

Tony Sheridan and the Beatles
A rock n' roll arrangement of the song was recorded by Tony Sheridan and the Beatles. It was titled "My Bonnie", and subtitled "Mein Herz ist bei dir nur" ("My Heart is with You Only") in its German language version. The band was credited as the Beat Brothers in its original release; their name was changed because the German producer wanted to avoid association with the similar sounding German slang "pidels" (pronounced "peedles" meaning "little willies"), and the "Beat Brothers" was thought more understandable to the German audience.

Recording
Tony Sheridan and the Beatles (with Pete Best on drums) were signed by bandleader Bert Kaempfert to Polydor, and they recorded a number of songs including "My Bonnie" in their first recording session on 22 June 1961 at the Friedrich-Ebert-Halle in Hamburg, West Germany. These songs were the Beatles' first commercial recordings. Kaempfert produced the song, assisted by sound engineer Karl Hinze. "My Bonnie" was said to have been chosen because it was a song known to the Germans.

Tony Sheridan sang lead on the song, starting with a slow Elvis Presley style introduction. The Beatles were the backing band; Paul McCartney provided vocal harmony and shouts, Best on drums provided a constant "2-and, 4" beat on the faster part of the song, and George Harrison on guitar notably on the bridge. This is how Sheridan describes his arrangement of the song: "The [slow] introduction was in A, now we did a very innovative thing, we went in to C to Rock and roll." He described their preparation for their recording session of My Bonnie, in these words: ""Paul, I knew he was a natural bass player, so I said to Paul, "Can you do the second part of my solo? Can you play just C and nothing else? The low C? You just need to stay on the same note". And he did. If you listen to My Bonnie, in the second part of the solo, you will hear Paul doing exactly that, which shows he was a great bass player. He still is.""

Personnel

 * Tony Sheridan - lead vocals, guitar solo
 * John Lennon - rhythm guitar
 * Paul McCartney - harmony and backing vocals, bass
 * George Harrison - lead guitar
 * Pete Best - drums

Release and response
"My Bonnie" was first released as a single in October 1961 in West Germany, with "The Saints (When the Saints Go Marching In)" its B-side. According to McCartney in 1962, it reached top 5 on the German hit parade.

The single is said to have been instrumental in bringing the Beatles to the attention of Brian Epstein (even though Epstein was likely to have been aware of the group before then), when a customer requested the record at his music store NEMS in Liverpool. Epstein subsequently went to see the Beatles at The Cavern Club and became their manager. Brian Epstein placed a large order of the single for NEMS, which persuaded the German label to release the single on 5 January 1962 in the UK, this time credited to Tony Sheridan and the Beatles. However, it did not chart in the UK in 1962, but charted in 1963 at No. 48 after the Beatles became popular. In July 1963, Polydor released "My Bonnie" as an EP in the UK in order to capitalise on the success of the Beatles. The single was also released in the United States during the Beatlemania, this time around with the Beatles credited as the lead artist, and it reached the No. 26 spot on the Billboard chart.

John Lennon later expressed dislike for the Beatles' recording with Sheridan, as he said: "It's just Tony Sheridan singing, with us banging in the background. It's terrible. It could be anybody." George Harrison, however, was enthusiastic about the initial release of their recording, and said that he "didn't stop playing it for days". For a short while the band performed the song in shows, with Lennon taking over on lead vocals.

Both "My Bonnie" and "The Saints" were included on Sheridan's My Bonnie album. Sheridan's first version of "Sweet Georgia Brown" was also recorded with the Beatles and issued on an E.P. in 1962. This was the third and last song with the Beatles to be credited to the Beat Brothers. When the Beatles gained fame, all eight recordings made by the Beatles in Hamburg in 1961 and 1962 were compiled on the German album The Beatles' First! in 1964 and issued elsewhere in subsequent years. "My Bonnie", along with "Ain't She Sweet" and "Cry for a Shadow", was placed on Anthology 1 in 1995.

Other versions

 * Duane Eddy and the Rebels recorded an instrumental version titled "Bonnie Come Back", which reached No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 15 in Canada, and No. 12 on the UK chart in 1960.
 * Ray Charles released a R&B version titled "My Bonnie" in 1958. It was included in his 1959 album What I Say.
 * Pete Seeger sang a song titled "My Children Are Seven in Number" based on the tune of "My Bonnie" to promote the labour movement and show solidarity with striking workers. The song was included in his 1956 album American Industrial Ballads as well as other compilations.
 * "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean" was recorded by the American quintet Bounding Main and released on their 2011 album Kraken Up.

In modern culture

 * The Fleischer brothers filmed this song in DeForest Phonofilm, part of their Song Car-Tunes series, released 15 September 1925, and notable as the first film to use the "follow the bouncing ball" technique.
 * My Bunny Lies Over The Sea, a short Bugs Bunny cartoon film whose title parodies the song, was released by Warner Brothers in 1948.
 * On December 20, 2011, JibJab released a video about the year 2011 in review with a song called "2011, Buh-Bye", to the tune of the title song.
 * In 2012 Hollie Steel starred and sang "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean" in the 55 minute musical docudrama, Children on the Titanic available on Amazon Video and on YouTube.
 * Refugees aboard the Dunera ship "learned from their British warders" this song's tune and, in response to maltreatment, including to their luggage, they composed and sang "regularly on board the ship": "My luggage went into the ocean, My luggage went into the sea, My luggage was thrown in the ocean, Oh, bring back my luggage to me!"

title: My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean


text:
Bobby Bare

Robert Joseph Bare Sr. (born April 7, 1935) is an American country singer and songwriter, best known for the songs "Marie Laveau", "Detroit City" and "500 Miles Away from Home". He is the father of Bobby Bare Jr., also a musician.

Early career
Bare was born in Ironton, Ohio. In the 1950s, he repeatedly tried and failed to sell his songs. He finally got a record deal, with Capitol Records, and recorded a few unsuccessful rock and roll singles. Just before he was drafted into the United States Army, he wrote a song called "The All American Boy" and did a demo for his friend, Bill Parsons, to learn how to record. Instead of using Parsons' later version, the record company, Fraternity Records, decided to go with Bare's original demo. The record reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, but Fraternity erroneously credited Bill Parsons on the label. The same track, with the same billing error, peaked at No. 22 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1959. In 1965, an album of older recorded material, Tender Years (JM-6026), was released on the Hilltop label. That same year, the material was repackaged by Sears and released under the title Bobby In Song (SPS-115). These albums are not usually included in Bare's published discographies.

Career at RCA Victor (1962–1970)
Bare's big break in country music came when Chet Atkins signed him to RCA Victor. His debut single for the label was 1962's "Shame On Me". Follow-up "Detroit City" reached No. 6 Country, No. 16 Hot 100, and in 1964 earned him a Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. Then a surge of hits followed, including "500 Miles Away from Home" (based on a traditional folk ballad written by Hedy West as "500 Miles") and Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds". In 1965 he received two further Grammy nominations for Best Country & Western Vocal Performance and Best Country & Western single for the latter song. In 1966, he received a yet another Grammy Nomination for Best Country & Western Male Vocal Performance for his song "Talk Me Some Sense". He also recorded two duet albums with Skeeter Davis and recorded six tracks as a trio with Norma Jean and Liz Anderson, which produced a major hit with "The Game of Triangles", a wife-husband-other woman drama that hit No. 5 on the Billboard chart and earned the trio a Grammy nomination. In 1968, he recorded an album with a group from England called The Hillsiders. In 1969, he had a Top 5 hit with Tom T. Hall's "(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn".

Career at Mercury (1970–1972)
Bare moved to Mercury Records in 1970 and immediately scored a Top 3 hit with "How I Got To Memphis", and also had two Top 10 hits with early Kris Kristofferson compositions, "Come Sundown" and "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends" (both 1971). He also scored a #12 hit in 1972 with a version of Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show's pop hit "Sylvia's Mother", written by Shel Silverstein.

Return to RCA (1973–1977)
Bare returned to RCA in 1973, after two years at Mercury. and scored once more with Billy Joe Shaver's "Ride Me Down Easy", which nearly made the Top 10.

Bare started to release novelty songs recorded live with selected audiences. One such song, "Marie Laveau", topped the country chart in 1974; the song was Bare's only #1 hit. It was co-written by his friends Silverstein and Baxter Taylor, who received a BMI Award for the song in 1975.

In 1977, Bare released an entire album of songs by songwriter Bob McDill called Me and McDill, which contained the popular hit "Look Who I'm Cheatin' On Tonight."

Silverstein penned other songs for Bare including a Grammy-nominated hit, "Daddy What If", which he recorded with his five-year-old son, Bobby Bare Jr. The song was an immediate success as well, not only reaching No. 2 on the country charts, but nearly reaching the Top 40 on the pop charts. Bare's album, Sings Lullabys, Legends and Lies, became his most commercially successful album, finding him a new audience with pop radio once again playing his songs and also gaining a new following with college kids. These songs, all 14 written or co-written by Shel Silverstein, however, would become Bare's last Top 10 hits. In 1975 Bare recorded a children's album with his family, mainly of Silverstein songs, called Singin' in the Kitchen. It was nominated in Best Group category in Grammy Awards.

His biggest hits during this time included "Alimony" (1975), "The Winner" (1976), and "Drop Kick Me, Jesus (Through The Goalposts Of Life)" (an unusual Christian-football waltz, and a 1976 Grammy nominee for Best Country Song). In 1977 he recorded "Redneck Hippie Romance" and "Vegas" (a duet with his wife Jeannie).

Career at Columbia (1978–1983)
Bare signed with Columbia Records and continued to have hits like "Sleep Tight Good Night Man", which barely cracked the Top 10 in 1978, alongside continuing to score critical acclaim with his releases Bare and Sleeper Wherever I Fall. In 1979, he started off Rosanne Cash's career in a big way by being her duet partner on the Top 20 hit "No Memories Hangin' Round". In 1980, he almost cracked the Top 10 with "Numbers", which came from his album Down and Dirty. On that album, Bare started to experiment with Southern rock, which continued with his following album, Drunk and Crazy (1980). The next year, Bare returned to his country roots with his Rodney Crowell-produced album As Is, featuring the single "New Cut Road". Bare was still doing well chartwise into the early 1980s. In 1983, his duet with Lacy J. Dalton, "It's A Dirty Job", hit the Top 30. His last trip into the Top 30 came that summer with the novelty song "The Jogger". He also released "Used Cars", the theme song from the film of the same name.

Film career
Bare was also given an opportunity to star in movies. He acted in a Western with Troy Donahue, A Distant Trumpet, and had a memorable scene being branded for desertion, and a few episodes of the TV series No Time for Sergeants. He turned his back on Hollywood to pursue his country career.

Later country career (1983–present)
From 1983 to 1988, Bare hosted Bobby Bare and Friends on The Nashville Network which featured him interviewing songwriters who sang their hit songs on the show.

In 1985, Bare signed with EMI America Records where he scored three low-charting singles.

In 1998, he formed the band Old Dogs, with Jerry Reed, Mel Tillis and Waylon Jennings. As of 2023 he is the last surviving member of the group.

In 2005, he released his first new album in two decades, The Moon Was Blue, produced by his son Bobby Bare Jr., who is also a musician. He continues to tour today.

In 2012, Bare performed a duet of the song "I'd Fight The World" on the Jamey Johnson album Living for a Song: A Tribute to Hank Cochran.

On April 10, 2013, the CMA announced that Bare would be a 2013 inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Other 2013 Inductees include Cowboy Jack Clement and Kenny Rogers.

After being inducted in the 1960s but gradually drifting away, Bare was reinstated as a member of the Grand Ole Opry on April 7, 2018, by Garth Brooks.

Eurovision 2012
In January and February 2012, Bare joined up with Petter Øien at the 2012 Melodi Grand Prix to compete for Norway's entry to the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in May. His song "Things Change" got through to the Norwegian final where Øien and Bare finished third.

Filmography

 * A Distant Trumpet (1964) ... Pvt. Cranshaw
 * Bobbie Jo and the Outlaw (1976) ... Singer

Other sources

 * Vinicur, Dale. (1998). "Bobby Bare". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 28–29.
 * Bobby Bare Sr. Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (2017)

title: Bobby Bare


text:
Sphecidae

The Sphecidae are a cosmopolitan family of wasps of the suborder Apocrita that includes sand wasps, mud daubers, and other thread-waisted wasps.

The name Sphecidae was formerly given to a much larger grouping of wasps. This was found to be paraphyletic, so most of the old subfamilies have been moved to the Crabronidae.

Biology
The biology of the Sphecidae, even under the restricted definition, is still fairly diverse; some sceliphrines even display rudimentary forms of sociality, and some sphecines rear multiple larvae in a single large brood cell. Many nest in pre-existing cavities, or dig simple burrows in the soil, but some species construct free-standing nests of mud and even (in one genus) resin. All are predatory and parasitoidal, but the type of prey ranges from spiders to various dictyopterans, orthopteroids and larvae of either Lepidoptera or other Hymenoptera; the vast majority practice mass provisioning, providing all the prey items prior to laying the egg.

Phylogeny
This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann et al., 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined. These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae."

Family Sphecidae (sensu stricto)

The old digger wasp family Sphecidae (sensu lato) was paraphyletic and has been broken up. Only the following subfamilies remain in the new family Sphecidae (sensu stricto) which is a monophyletic clade.

Subfamily Ammophilinae
 * Ammophila W. Kirby, 1798
 * Eremnophila Menke, 1964
 * Eremochares Gribodo, 1883
 * Hoplammophila de Beaumont, 1960
 * Parapsammophila Taschenberg, 1869
 * Podalonia Fernald, 1927

Subfamily Chloriontinae
 * Chlorion Latreille, 1802

Subfamily Sceliphrinae
 * Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843
 * Dynatus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845
 * †Hoplisidia Cockerell, 1906
 * Penepodium Menke, 1976
 * Podium Fabricius, 1804
 * †Protosceliphron Antropov, 2014
 * Sceliphron Klug, 1801
 * Trigonopsis Perty, 1833

Subfamily Sphecinae
 * Chilosphex Menke, 1976
 * Isodontia Patton, 1880
 * Palmodes Kohl, 1890
 * Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827
 * Sphex Linnaeus, 1758
 * Stangeella Menke, 1962

Both of the historical definitions of the Sphecidae (a conservative one, where all the sphecoid wasps other than ampulicids and heterogynaids were in a single large family, and a more refined one, where the seven large sphecid subfamilies were each elevated to family rank) have recently been shown to be paraphyletic, and the most recent classification is closer to the refined scheme; there are now seven families in addition to the Sphecidae and Crabronidae, all of which were formerly placed within Sphecidae.

Family Crabronidae
All the other digger wasp taxa that were formerly included in Sphecidae (sensu lato) were placed in the family Crabronidae, which was itself paraphyletic, and recent classifications have split Crabronidae into a number of smaller families, mostly formerly treated as subfamilies.

title: Sphecidae


text:
Category:English Heritage

 * English Heritage Trust (est. 2015) — the registered heritage conservation charity that owns &/or manages.

title: Category:English Heritage


text:
Sphecinae

The Sphecinae is a subfamily of the digger wasp family Sphecidae.

It contains the following genera:

 * Chilosphex Menke in R. Bohart and Menke, 1976
 * Isodontia Patton, 1880
 * Palmodes Kohl, 1890
 * Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827
 * Sphex Linnaeus, 1758
 * Stangeella Menke, 1962

title: Sphecinae


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vincent Pastore

Vincent Pastore
This is from the child who keeps on putting up substubs on everything having to do with the movie mentioned. He's already added Tom King, actor again, after it was deleted; I put it up for speedy just now. We should consider blocking this person; I've reported him on Vandalism_in_progress. — Bill 23:29, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: not the right IP range for the B-Movie Bandit, but someone like it, no doubt. Substub that tells nothing and establishes no notability whatever. Geogre 00:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep the excellent rewrite, and kudos to Nevalalee for saving the article. We should all work so hard. Geogre 04:47, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 02:36, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That user is also known as User:mickeyblueeyes, User:Thealakdsfj, and User:Ajjjj. See the history.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 06:57, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as all the non-famous actors of that movie. andy 10:14, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a lousy substub, but Vincent Pastore is a notable actor with over sixty credits on imdb.com. Most notably, he had a major recurring role on The Sopranos (as Salvatore 'Big Pussy' Bonpensiero). Article needs work, but I'd be glad to add to it later today. Nevalalee 16:54, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you manage to turn it to a real article, I'll change to a "Keep" vote. The problem with this user and the B-Movie Bandit is that they're littering.  What they do is worse than an absence in the opinion of many (me, included), because they occupy the name with misleading information that, simply, does not inform.  Many, if not most, can be turned to good account, but project time is being directed/demanded by someone (or something) away from the interests and knowledge of Wikipedians.  It would be far better, so say many of us, to have nothing and then await a sane and considerate author than to have uninformative bubbles that give readers and users the idea that we're a place for random playtime. Geogre 17:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've turned this into what I think should be a passable stub. Nevalalee 00:18, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Article seems good now. Keep. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 00:25, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep current version is a fine stub Jxan3000 10:04, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and stop deletion trolls. anthony (see warning) 16:25, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Occupied Palestinian Territories

N.B.: OT discussions moved
As this page has grown large and a lot of talk has gone OT from the VfD vote over to the political motives behind previous edit histories of the parties involved, I decided to move the things over to the corresponding people talk pages, inserting relevant pointers here and back-pointers there. Hopefully this will calm the things down. If you think I was being too bold, please respond on my user talk page, rather than re-heat this page with another round of POV-based and political-accusations-laden discussions.

Thanks for your understanding... BACbKA 22:11, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Why move discussion to scattered user pages when this article has an empty discussion page right here? Makes no sense whatsoever to me. HistoryBuffEr 23:10, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)

 * I will leave you a message on your talk page :) BACbKA 23:33, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I replied there too. HistoryBuffEr 23:53, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)


text:
BATON

BATON is a Type 1 block cipher in use since at least 1995 by the United States government to secure classified information.

While the BATON algorithm itself is secret (as is the case with all algorithms in the NSA's Suite A), the public PKCS#11 standard includes some general information about how it is used. It has a 320-bit key and uses a 128-bit block in most modes, and also supports a 96-bit electronic codebook mode. 160 bits of the key are checksum material. It supports a "shuffle" mode of operation, like the NSA cipher JUNIPER. It may use up to 192 bits as an initialization vector, regardless of the block size.

In response to a Senate question about encrypted video links, the NSA said that BATON could be used for encryption at speeds higher than those possible with Skipjack.

Usage
BATON is used in a variety of products and standards:
 * APCO Project 25 (Public standard for land mobile radio) (Algorithm IDs 01 and 41)
 * PKCS#11 (Public standard for encryption tokens)
 * CDSA/CSSM (Another public standard)
 * HAIPE-IS (NSA's version of IPsec)
 * FNBDT (Advanced flexible voice security protocol)
 * Thales Datacryptor 2000 (a British network-encryption box)
 * SecNet-11 (a crypto-secure 802.11b PC Card, based on the Sierra chip)
 * Fortezza Plus (a PC Card product, used in the STE)
 * SafeXcel-3340 (a HAIPIS network-encryption box)
 * Numerous embeddable encryption modules: AIM, CYPRIS, MYK-85, Sierra (microchip), etc.

title: BATON


text:
Khami

Khami (also written as Khame, Kame, or Kami) is a ruined city located 22 km west of Bulawayo, in Zimbabwe. It was once the capital of the Kingdom of Butua of the Torwa dynasty. It is now a national monument and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.

Context
The settlement that we see today was a development of the architectural form that emerged at Great Zimbabwe in the 13th century AD and a local Leopard's Kopje culture that built platforms of rough walling on which houses would be constructed. Khami marks an innovation that recognised the environment in which was built. The area around Khami, being riverine, is hot and had problems with malaria. The stone found at Khami (laminar granite) was different from the ones found in other areas of Zimbabwe (biotite). With a mixture of dolerite, this stone was harder to quarry and produced shapeless building stone. It can be estimated that over 60% of the stone produced at these quarries would not be of building quality. The building blocks thus needed to be shaped, but even then the stones were not suitable for building free-standing dry stone walls. The builders thus made an innovation and produced retaining walls instead. Secondly, building platforms made the houses cooler than those in the open areas below. It also eliminated the problem of malaria for the lucky royals who stayed in the built-up areas. The walls are gravity retaining walls built without mortar. Unlike at Great Zimbabwe, some of the walls at Khami have foundations built with huge blocks which would have been lifted by at least four people. Excavations have revealed well-planned buildings especially at the Hill Complex, which was occupied by the king. The complex was first built up by creating terraces of rough walling. These stable walls were then covered up by quality walling of dressed stone blocks. Each terrace was highly decorated with either a checkerboard pattern, herringbone, or a cord pattern. The terraces leaned inwards so that gravity would not cause collapses. The terraces that were created by leaning inwards had wooden poles probably for the guards to hold on to as they walked along the high and steep walls.

History
Khami was the capital of the Torwa dynasty for about 200 years from around 1450 and appears to have been founded at the time of the disappearance of the state at Great Zimbabwe. After that (the traditional date is 1683), it was conquered by Changamire Dombo who led an army of Rozvi rebels from the Mwenemutapa ("Monomotapa") State. Excavations seem to show that the site was not occupied after these Rozvi took over. The Rozvi made another Khami phase site, Danamombe (Dhlo-Dhlo), their new capital. In the 1830s Nguni speaking Ndebele raiders displaced them from Khami and many of the other sites they had established.

The site of Khami reveals seven built-up areas occupied by the royal family with open areas in the valley occupied by the commoners. The complex comprises circular, sometimes terraced, artificial platforms encased by dry stone walls. The beautifully decorated 6m-high by 68m-long retaining wall of the precipice platform bears a checkerboard design along its entire length. The platforms, rising 2–7m above the ground, carried dhaka (clay) huts and courtyards where those of lower status lived. The remnants of cattle kraals and huts for ordinary people can be seen below the Hill Complex. The ruins include a royal enclosure or Hill Complex, which had to be on higher ground than other buildings, stone walls and hut platforms, and also a Christian cross believed to have been placed by a contemporary missionary. There are also ruins on the eastern side of the Khami River. Other platforms are believed to have been cattle kraals and a retaining wall with a chequered pattern. Recent excavations (2000–2006) have revealed that the walls of the western parts of the Hill Complex were all decorated in chequer, herringbone, cord, as well as variegated stone blocks.

Conservation
In the early 2000s, the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe launched a conservation and recording programme whose purpose was to focus on preserving and restoring the stone walls. To date,the notable achievements are the stabilization and restoration of terrace walls on the Main, Cross and North platforms. Between 2000 and 2007, volunteers from the C.H.A.M association participated in a restoration effort.

title: Khami


text:
World Food Summit

World Food Summits are convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

1974 World Food Conference
The first food summit, the "World Food Conference", took place in Rome in 1974.

1996 World Summit on Food Security
The World Food Summit took place in Rome, Italy between 13 and 17 November 1996. This resulted in the adoption of the Rome Declaration on World Food Security in which member states stated to "pledge our political will and our common and national commitment to achieving food security for all and to an ongoing effort to eradicate hunger in all countries, with an immediate view to reducing the number of undernourished people to half their present level no later than 2015."

2002 World Food Summit
In June 2002, at the World Food Summit in Rome, Member Nations adopted the Declaration of the World Food Summit: five years later, calling for the establishment of an intergovernmental working group to prepare a set of guidelines on the implementation of the right to food. This resulted in the drafting of the Right to Food Guidelines.

2009 World Summit on Food Security
The World Summit on Food Security took place in Rome, Italy, between 16 and 18 November 2009. The decision to convene the summit was taken by the FAO Council, at the proposal of FAO Director-General Jacques Diouf. Sixty Heads of State and Government attended the summit. Countries unanimously adopted a declaration pledging renewed commitment to eradicate hunger from the earth at the earliest possible date.

2021 World Food Summit
The 2021 World Food Summit will take place in New York City, United States, from 23 September 2021. The announcement to convene the Summit in New York was made by United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on World Food Day Oct. 16, 2020. The aim of the summit is to deliver progress on all 17 of the SDGs through a food systems approach.

title: World Food Summit


text: Category:Victoria, British Columbia

title: Category:Victoria, British Columbia


text:
User talk:Osmosys

Hello Osmosys, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. If you need editing help, visit How to edit a page. For format questions, visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Barneyboo 23:35, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

File:Enneagram 1.gif listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Enneagram 1.gif, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 10:20, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Osmosys


text:
Talk:Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MadDale16. Peer reviewers: MadDale16.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposed Changes
Inter-American Court of Human Rights The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it makes up the human rights protection system of the Organization of American States (OAS), which serves to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms in the Americas. The Court rules on whether a State has violated an individual's human rights, rather than if individuals are guilty of human rights violations.[1]

Composition[edit] As stipulated by Chapter VIII of the Convention, the Court consists of seven judges from the Organization's member states. The court consists of seven judges, held to the highest moral judgement who have a high competency in human rights law.[1] These judges are elected to six-year terms by the OAS General Assembly; each judge may be reelected for an additional six-year term.

Unlike the commissioners of the Inter-American Commission, judges are not required to recuse themselves from hearing cases involving their home countries; however no member state may have more than one representative judge serving on the Court at any time. In the event a member state is party to a case as a defendant does not have a representative judge sitting on the Court, the member state is entitled to appoint a judge to the court ad hoc for the case. Recent policy changes state, when serving on the court, judges are expected to act as individuals, not representing their state. They must be OAS member states’ nationals; however, they do not need to be individuals of a state that has ratified the American Convention or accepted jurisdiction of the Court. Judges are required to recuse themselves from cases involving their home country. States parties are no longer permitted to name a judge ad hoc to their case if a sitting judge is not from their country. If a judge is a national of one of the State Parties to the case, the State Parties can only designate a judge ad hoc if there are inter-state complaints.[1] In order to be nominated as a judge, one must be a national of a member state of OAS, a jurist, have the ‘highest moral authority’, have high competency of human rights law, have ‘the qualifications required for the exercise of the highest judicial functions in conformity with the law of the state of which they are nationals or of the state that proposes them as candidates’. [2]

'Highest Moral Authority' is loosely defined by the ACHR as never having never been convicted of a crime, suspended or expelled from the legal profession, or dismissed from public office.[2]

Judges are elected by State Parties to the Convention from a list of nominated candidates. Each State Party may nominate up to three candidates, but if nominating three, at least one of the three must be a national of a state other than the nominating state. The Secretary General of the OAS organizes the candidates alphabetically and forwards it to the State Parties. The election consists of a secret ballot, requiring an absolute majority of the State Parties to the Convention. Those who receive the most votes are elected.

After the Convention came into force on 18 July 1978, the first election of judges took place on 22 May 1979. The new Court first convened on 29 June 1979 at the Organization of American States Headquarters in Washington, D.C., United States.

Criticisms[edit] The Court's behaviour has also been criticized. Among other issues, some authors have criticized the politization of the Court. Furthermore, the process of nomination and election is a subject of criticism. It is not a transparent or accountable process at both the National and International levels. There is a push for the OAS to create an independent group in charge of evaluating candidates. Another independent group in charge of overseeing the national processes and ranking the candidates that is separate from OAS is a proposed initiative by scholars to address these criticisms. These would ensure that all candidates have been through two reviews on the National and International level before being able to be elected.[2]

Fair representation when it comes to candidates is also a point of contempt. Scholars have stated that State Parties should strive for equal representation in terms of geographic sub-regions, different ethnic and cultural groups, and female and male judges; however, this should be done without straying from the high standards and qualifications required for candidates.[2]

"Highest Moral Authority", a requirement for nomination, is often criticized because its vagueness. The necessary qualifications are not clearly defined and vary from country to country. The minimum age ranges from none to 45 years old and the number of years of experience ranges from 10-15 years and only Paraguay requires candidates to have a PhD.[2]

Some of the latest criticisms come from Peru and Venezuela.Venezuela subsequently withdrew from the system after President Hugo Chavez declared the court's decision to rule Venezuela guilty of holding a prisoner in "inhumane" jail conditions.[3] Up to then, Trinidad and Tobago had been the only state to withdraw. Peru tried to do so, but did not follow the appropriate procedure. The last of these criticisms is directed against the Court's decision in the case of the Mapiripán Massacre declaring that some people were murdered with the consent of the Colombian state, a few of whom were subsequently found alive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MadDale16 (talk • contribs) 21:59, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
hi im a law student and am interested to learn about the major movements and progresses that the inter-american court has made in the americas if any....if any one could help me out i would appreciate itand also the weaknesses of this judicial system

- Article needs at least some updating and fact-checking before posting: Trinidad and Tobago renounced both the Convention and the jurisdiction of the court in 1998. There may be other inaccuracies - Suggest a clean-up of article, by original authors if poss.

Notable cases
I would add another case : "In Almonacid v. Chile (2006), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights announced that all judges must review domestic laws for conformity to the ACHR. If there is a conflict, the Court held, the domestic law cannot be applied." (source: ).Bancki (talk) 20:16, 11 November 2015 (UTC)

The relevant paragraphs stating the primacy of the ACHR to be upheld by domestic courts (p. 54-55):

 * "123. The above mentioned legislative obligation established by Article 2 of the Convention [= obligation to annul all legislation which is in violation of the Convention] is also aimed at facilitating the work of the Judiciary so that the law enforcement authority may have a clear option in order to solve a particular case.

 * However, when the Legislative Power fails to set aside and / or adopts laws which are contrary to the American Convention, the Judiciary is bound to honor the obligation to respect rights as stated in Article 1(1) of the said Convention, and consequently, it must refrain from enforcing any laws contrary to such Convention.

 * The observance by State agents or officials of a law which violates the Convention gives rise to the international liability of such State, as contemplated in International Human Rights Law, in the sense that every State is internationally responsible for the acts or omissions of any of its powers or bodies for the violation of internationally protected rights, pursuant to Article 1(1) of the American Convention.

 * 124. The Court is aware that domestic judges and courts are bound to respect the rule of law, and therefore, they are bound to apply the provisions in force within the legal system. But when a State has ratified an international treaty such as the American Convention, its judges, as part of the State, are also bound by such Convention. This forces them to see that all the effects of the provisions embodied in the Convention are not adversely affected by the enforcement of laws which are contrary to its purpose and that have not had any legal effects since their inception.

 * In other words, the Judiciary must exercise a sort of “conventionality control” between the domestic legal provisions which are applied to specific cases and the American Convention on Human Rights. To perform this task, the Judiciary has to take into account not only the treaty, but also the interpretation thereof made by the Inter-American Court, which is the ultimate interpreter of the American Convention."Bancki (talk) 13:51, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Venezuela?
A significant development, but we need sources. Have both govts signed up? Do they accept blanket jurisdiction? (I.e., should VZ be burgundy or coral on the map?) — kwami (talk) 20:10, 15 August 2019 (UTC)

ICC reference(s)
The ICC is not a human rights court, but an international criminal law court. It is, therefore, not of "wider scope" as stated in the lead, it operates in a different plane. Both institutions cannot so easily compared. I have removed this reference in the past, but my edit was reverted. I will remove it again, altogether, as I think it has no place in the lead, but I am posting here first to give anyone the possibility of persuading me otherwise.

In addition, I do not understand why the ICC would feature in the membership table. It would arguably be more relevant to compare acceptance of the jurisdiction of quasi-jurisdictional bodies (such as the United Nations Human Rights Committee). Pugliese23 (talk) 04:48, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Nations of the Caribbean Community and others in Latin America have been debating on the merits of the need to be in one, or the other, or if there's even a need to be in both hence the chart due to the politics surrounding the IACtHR and ICCt. Trinidad and Tobago decided it was going to pledge its support to the ICCt instead of the IACtHR and other states in CARICOM are making a similar decisions on their standing with IACtHR or just leaving it up to the ICCt. The USA and Canada do not subscribe to the IACtHR either so it doesn't pertain to all of the Americas only Latin America and the Caribbean. CaribDigita (talk) 05:06, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the prompt response. A few issues:
 * (1) Do you have any sources on this? Concretely, do you have any sources on any state in the Americas debating the merits to remain a state party to the American Convention in relation to their membership to the Rome Statute? I have not been aware of such debates, but would find them interesting.
 * (2) In any event, that does not change the fact that the ICC is not of "wider scope", but a completely different institution doing a rather different kind of thing; namely, prosecuting individuals. Pugliese23 (talk) 17:45, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Many of the media sources with their integrated talk-back features seem to have somewhat broken links since they've updated their website's designs. The push to shelve the OAS was mainly via the alternative to the OAS known as the Alternative Bolivarian Alliance of the Americas (ALBA). Even while some states have moved ahead to attempt withdrawal like: Venezuela, Nicaragua, etc. (I believe it was Bolivia too?). The interesting part is while these states have contemplated leaving the OAS system, these states still are moving to ratify the ICC Court. (dates here)

It was also under PM. Basdeo Panday who decided to unsign T&T from the IACHR over their refusal to waive T&T's right to carry out death penalty for murderers. CaribDigita (talk) 06:42, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Don’t Leave Me This Way: Regulating Treaty Withdrawal in the Inter-American Human Rights System
 * Can The Hague Bring Justice to Venezuela?
 *
 * The Legal Implications of Trinidad & Tobago's Withdrawal from the American Convention onHuman Rights
 * Parting ways or lashing back? Withdrawals, backlash and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

I/A COURT H.R. composition as january 2023
Can someone add the new composition information to the article? Vinirgon (talk) 21:12, 5 January 2023 (UTC)


text: File:216 Squadron RAF.jpg

title: File:216 Squadron RAF.jpg


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Karman

Karman or Kármán is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Harvey Karman (20th century), inventor of the Karman cannula
 * Janice Karman (born 1954), American film producer, record producer, singer, and voice artist
 * József Kármán (1769–1795), sentimentalist Hungarian author
 * Tawakkol Karman (born 1979), Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist

title: Karman


text:
Category:Delaware maps

This category contains a repository of maps of Delaware.

title: Category:Delaware maps


text: User talk:203.23.253.159

title: User talk:203.23.253.159


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Museum of the City of New York

The Museum of the City of New York (MCNY) is a history and art museum in Manhattan, New York City, New York. It was founded by Henry Collins Brown, in 1923 to preserve and present the history of New York City, and its people. It is located at 1220–1227 Fifth Avenue between East 103rd to 104th Streets, across from Central Park on Manhattan's Upper East Side, at the northern end of the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue.

The red brick with marble trim museum was built in 1929–30 and was designed by Joseph H. Freedlander in the neo-Georgian style, with statues of Alexander Hamilton and DeWitt Clinton by sculptor Adolph Alexander Weinman facing Central Park from niches in the facade.

The museum is a private non-profit organization which receives government support as a member of New York City's Cultural Institutions Group. Its other sources of income are endowments, admission fees, and contributions.

History
The museum was originally located in Gracie Mansion, where available space was limited. One of its first major exhibits was "Old New York", presented in the American Fine Arts Building on West 57th Street in 1926. The success of the project led to a search for a new, permanent headquarters for the museum. A design competition was held between five invited architects, and the Colonial Revival design by Freedlander was selected. The city donated a site on Fifth Avenue, and funds for construction of the museum building were raised by public subscription. The original plans for the museum's building were scaled back as a result of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, nevertheless, the building was dedicated on January 11, 1932.

On January 24, 1967, the museum building was designated a New York City landmark.

In 1982, the museum received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York."

Proposed move
In 2000, the administration of mayor Rudy Giuliani told the museum that it could relocate to the historic Tweed Courthouse near City Hall in Lower Manhattan. El Museo del Barrio would then have moved across the street to occupy the current Museum of the City of New York building. This decision was overturned by the incoming administration of Michael Bloomberg, which decided to use the Courthouse as the headquarters for the new New York City Department of Education, causing MCNY's then-director Robert R. McDonald to tender his resignation. McDonald was replaced in 2002 by Susan Henshaw Jones, who was at the time the president of the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C.

There was also an attempt to merge the museum with the New-York Historical Society, which did not come to fruition, and the museum was passed over for space at the World Trade Center site.

Expansion
The museum's former director, Susan Henshaw Jones, recommitted MCNY to its East Harlem neighborhood by planning an extension to the museum. The groundbreaking for this extension, which included renovation of existing gallery space, as well as a new pavilion, took place on August 2, 2006, and it was completed in February 2008 with a ribbon cutting later that same year.

The pavilion gallery, designed by the Polshek Partnership, is 3000 sqft glass addition, which has two levels for which to display artifacts. The original 1932 Georgian Revival building was also restored during this project, as well as additions including a vault for the museum's silver collection, a research room and a room for the handling of artifacts. The total costs for the first phase of refurbishments came to $28 million.

In late 2011, the museum temporarily took over operation of the South Street Seaport Museum which reopened in January 2012.

Collection
The museum's collection of over 1.5 million items – which is particularly strong in objects dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries – include paintings, drawings, prints, including over 3000 by Currier and Ives, and photographs featuring New York City and its residents, as well as costumes, decorative objects and furniture, antique toys– the museum was the first in the United States to establish a curatorial department for toys – ship models, rare books and manuscripts, marine and military collections, police and fire collections, and a theater collection which documents the golden age of Broadway theater. There are also dioramas about the city's history as well as its physical environment.

Among the rare items in the museum's collection is a chair that once belonged to Sarah Rapelje, daughter of Joris Jansen Rapelje of Nieuw Amsterdam, and said to be the first child born in New York State of European parentage. The chair was donated by her Brinckerhoff descendants.

The museum is known for its comprehensive collection of photographic images, which includes works by noted photographers Percy Byron, Jacob Riis and Berenice Abbott, as well as many Depression-era Federal Art Project photographs. The collection also includes still photography by film director Stanley Kubrick.

MCNY was also the longtime home to recreations of two furnished rooms from the house of John D. Rockefeller, donated by the Rockefeller family. In 2008, the museum disposed of the rooms, donating one to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the other to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Notable as well is a model of New Amsterdam based on the Castello Plan of 1660.

Notable exhibitions

From October 2004 through July 2009, Perform was the only permanent exhibition in New York City focused on theater in New York. It included objects ranging from Bill "Bojangles" Robinson's tap shoes to advertising materials from Avenue Q.

Until September 15, 2019, the exhibition "In the Dugout with Jackie Robinson: An Intimate Portrait of a Baseball Legend" was on display. In honor of the centennial of Robinson's birth, the exhibition featured memorabilia, rare footage, and published magazines of the Robinson family.

In February 2020, the exhibit "City/Game: Basketball in New York" opened. The exhibit explored the history of basketball in New York City, including players like Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Bob Douglass.

title: Museum of the City of New York


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Children killed in Arab-Israeli conflict

Children killed in Arab-Israeli conflict
An article created to appeal to emotion. I recommend deletion, or at best move to the Memorial Wiki, if one has been created yet. RickK 23:39, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)

Subject surely covered elsewhere; merge if need be. (And as is, it's inherently POV.) — Bill 23:43, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC
 * delete Are we going to list EVERY child killed in the conflict? Joyous 00:04, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * delete Wikipedia is not a memorial to the dead. Wyllium 00:23, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Delete: We can't verify it, we can't be complete, and we can't avoid serving POV by maintaining the list. The cause doesn't enter into it. Geogre 00:44, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - same reasons as above - analogous to Sep11 victims, etc. ugen64 01:20, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, we have that list too, but it should probably be deleted. Delete this. Not encyclopedic.--Improv 02:37, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. A list of Children killed in World War II wouldn't be encyclopedic, and neither is this.  As RickK says, move to a memorial wiki if one exists.   —Triskaideka 04:42, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or move to a Wiki memorial. Average Earthman 08:46, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Badly titled. Should be Palestinian children allegedly shot by IDF according to Al-Jazeera and The Guardian.  Delete.  Terrapin 15:11, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Not encyclopedic. Wikipedia is not Amnesty International. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 12:08, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, unless we're going to delete all the blasted IPC casualty lists (which I think we ought to). —No-One Jones (m) 06:52, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * BTW there's at least one such list elsewhere which could be used as a source. —No-One Jones (m) 06:53, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. anthony (see warning) 16:26, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * "Delete"? Do my eyes deceive me? :-) —No-One Jones (m) 16:30, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Andrew Coyne

James Andrew Coyne (born December 23, 1960) is a Canadian columnist with The Globe and Mail and a member of the At Issue panel on CBC's The National. Previously, he has been national editor for Maclean's and a columnist with National Post.

Early life and education
Coyne was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Hope Meribeth Cameron (née Stobie) and James Elliott Coyne, who was governor of the Bank of Canada from 1955 to 1961. His paternal great-grandfather was historian and lawyer James Henry Coyne. His sister is actress Susan Coyne. He is also the cousin of constitutional lawyer Deborah Coyne, who is the mother of Pierre Trudeau's youngest child.

Coyne graduated from Kelvin High School in Winnipeg. Coyne studied at the University of Manitoba where he became the editor of The Manitoban student newspaper. He also spent two years reporting for the Winnipeg Sun. In 1981, Coyne transferred to the University of Toronto's Trinity College, where his classmates included Jim Balsillie, Malcolm Gladwell, Tony Clement, Nigel Wright, Patricia Pearson, Atom Egoyan, and author and political strategist John Duffy. He received a BA in economics and history from Trinity. Coyne then went to the London School of Economics, where he received his master's degree in economics.

Career
After a six-year period as a Financial Post columnist from 1985 to 1991, Coyne joined The Globe and Mail's editorial board. There, Coyne won two consecutive National Newspaper Awards for his work. He had a regular column in the Globe between 1994 and 1996, when he joined Southam News (later CanWest News Service) as a nationally syndicated columnist.

Coyne became a columnist with the National Post – the successor to the Financial Post – when it launched in 1998. Coyne left the Post in 2007 to work at Maclean's.

Coyne left Maclean's in 2011 to return to the Post as a columnist. In December 2014, he was appointed to the position of Editorials and Comment Editor. After years of writing a weekly Saturday column, Coyne's contribution was absent from the edition published just prior to the 2015 Canadian federal election, because the column he wanted to submit called for a vote against the Conservative Party of Canada while the Post's editorial board had endorsed the Conservatives. While Coyne was the head of the editorial board, the decision to endorse the Conservatives was made by the newspaper's publisher Paul Godfrey. On election day, Coyne announced that as a result of the paper refusing to run his election column, he was resigning as the Post's editorial page and comment editor but would remain as a columnist.

Coyne has also been published in The Wall Street Journal, National Review, Saturday Night, the now-defunct Canadian edition of Time, and other publications. Coyne has also written for the conservative magazine The Next City.

Coyne has been a longtime member of the At Issue panel on CBC's The National, where he appeared as early as 2012 in the day of Peter Mansbridge. His role on the panel hosted by CBC Chief Political Correspondent Rosemary Barton has made him a household name appearing every Thursday evening alongside panelists Chantal Hébert and Althia Raj.

In November 2019, Coyne announced that he would henceforth be employed by The Globe and Mail.

Coyne is a proponent of the Century Initiative, a proposal spearheaded by Dominic Barton to increase Canada's population to 100 million by 2100. He admits that this lofty goal might not increase Canada's standard of living. Nevertheless he supports it because it is ambitious and might result in more global clout for his home country.

Scholastic

 * Honorary degrees

title: Andrew Coyne