text:
Filiatra

Filiatra (Φιλιατρά), is a town and a former municipality in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 114.877 km2. Filiatra is situated near the Ionian Sea coast in western Messenia. It is located 11 km northwest of Gargalianoi, 13 km southwest of Kyparissia, 29 km northwest of Pylos and 49 km west of Kalamata. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia - Pylos) passes through the town. Filiatra was founded around the 12th and the 13th centuries. It was built near the site of the ancient city Erana. Filiatra has several schools, churches and shops. A scaled reproduction of the Eiffel Tower stands at the entrance to the village. The local soccer club is Erani Filiatra.

Subdivisions
The municipal unit Filiatra is subdivided into the following communities (2021 population in brackets):
 * Chalazoni (120)
 * Christianoupoli (244)
 * Exochiko (167)
 * Filiatra
 * Mali (46)
 * Plati (53)

The community Filiatra consists of the following settlements, besides the Filiatra town proper:
 * Agia Kyriaki
 * Agrilos
 * Kountri
 * Lagkouvardos - a beach area located near Agia Kyriaki
 * Lempestena
 * Limenari, the access from Filiatra to the sea. It is around 2 km from the town centre
 * Merolithi
 * Stomio
 * Vryses

Notable people

 * The Liberopoulos brothers:
 * Nikos Liberopoulos, soccer player
 * Sotiris Liberopoulos, soccer player
 * Nikolaos Frousos, soccer player
 * Pavlos Dionysopoulos, artist
 * Theodoros Marangos, Film Director

title: Filiatra


text:
List of football clubs in Latvia

This is a list of football clubs in Latvia as of the current 2023 season.

As of 2024, 79 teams are competing in the Latvian football league system: 10 in Virslīga, 14 in 1.līga, 16 in 2.līga, and 39 in 3.līga.

Virslīga

 * BFC Daugavpils (Daugavpils)
 * FK Auda (Ķekava)
 * FS Jelgava (Jelgava)
 * FK Liepāja (Liepāja)
 * FK Metta (Rīga)
 * FK RFS (Riga)
 * Grobiņas SC/LFS (Grobiņa)
 * FK Tukums 2000/Telms (Tukums)
 * Riga FC (Rīga)
 * Valmiera FC (Valmiera)

1. līga

 * AFA Olaine (Olaine)
 * Mārupes SC (Mārupe)
 * FK RFS-2 (Riga)
 * FK Tukums 2000-2/TSS (Tukums)
 * FK Smiltene/BJSS (Smiltene)
 * JFK Ventspils (Ventspils)
 * Rēzekne (Rēzekne)
 * JDFS Alberts (Rīga)
 * Leevon PPK (Saldus)
 * Riga FC-2 (Riga)
 * Ogre United (Ogre)
 * Skanstes SK (Riga)
 * SK Super Nova (Salaspils)
 * Valmiera FC-2 (Valmiera)

Second League West

 * FK Aliance (Riga)
 * FK Dinamo Riga (Riga)
 * FK Beitar/Riga Mariners (Riga)
 * Augšdaugavas NSS (Ilūkste)
 * FK Staiceles Bebri (Staicele)
 * JDFS Alberts-2 (Riga)
 * SK Super Nova-2 (Salaspils)
 * FC Gauja (Valmiera)

Second League East

 * JFC Viola (Jelgava)
 * FK Ķekava/Auda (Ķegums)
 * FK Limbaži (Limbaži)
 * Dienvidkurzemes SS (Grobiņa)
 * FK Salaspils (Salaspils)
 * FK Karosta (Liepāja)
 * FK Union (Riga)
 * FS Jelgava-2 (Jelgava)

Third League Centre

 * ASK Kadaga/Ostas SK (Ādaži)
 * Athletic Club Jules Verne (Riga)
 * Rīgas Futbola Skola (Riga)
 * AFA Olaine-2 (Olaine)
 * JFK Daugava/Salaspils FA (Salaspils)
 * JRFPC Upesciema Warriors (Upesciems)
 * Riga United (Riga)
 * FK RSU (Riga)
 * SK Babīte (Babīte)

Third League West

 * Bauskas BJSS/Mēmele (Bauska)
 * Kuldīgas FS/Goldingen United (Kuldīga)
 * FK Dobele Allegro (Dobele)
 * FK Iecava (Iecava)
 * FC Talsi/NSS (Talsi)
 * FK Tukums 2000-3 (Tukums)
 * Liepājas FS (Liepāja)
 * Saldus NSS/Leevon-2 (Saldus)
 * FK Kauguri (Jūrmala)

Third League North
North East North West
 * FK Cēsis (Cēsis)
 * FK Pļaviņas DM (Pļaviņas)
 * FK Valka (Valka)
 * FK Veina/Aizkraukles Novads (Aizkraukle)
 * FC Madona/BJSS (Madona)
 * Gulbenes BJSS (Gulbene)
 * Sports United/Cēsis (Cēsis)

 * Ogre United-2 (Ogre)
 * Futbola Parks Academy (Riga)
 * FK Sigulda (Sigulda)
 * FK Traktors (Riga)
 * FK Lielupe (Jūrmala)
 * FK Alberts (Salaspils)
 * FK Ādaži (Ādaži)

Third League East

 * Balvi (Balvi)
 * FK Līvāni (Līvāni)
 * FK Ludza (Ludza)
 * Preiļu BJSS (Preiļi)
 * Rēzeknes NSS/FK Saules Puikas (Rēzekne)
 * FK Kalupe (Kalupe)
 * FK Krāslava/Daugavpils-2 (Krāslava)

Defunct or inactive

 * FK Eurobaltija (Riga)
 * FC Noah Jurmala (Jūrmala)
 * FK Dinamo-Rīnuži/LASD (Riga)
 * FK Jēkabpils/JSC (Jēkabpils)
 * FK Latvijas finieris (Riga)
 * FK Ogre (Ogre)
 * FK Zibens/Zemessardze (Ilūkste)
 * JFK Saldus (Saldus)
 * Nordeka LFKA
 * SFK Varavīksne (Liepāja)
 * Skonto FC (Riga)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of football clubs in Latvia


text:
Talk:Alarums and Excursions

Untitled
Is that thing still going? It takes me back... m.e. 12:04, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

It looks like the external link is broken....

I changed it to "first magazine" instead of "one of the first fanzines." I've often heard of A&E as the first, and I've never heard a counterclaim. I added contributors who have Wikipedia pages of their own (myself among them). I added the debt my game Over the Edge owes to A&E. Jonathan Tweet 05:02, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm changing it back to "one of the first." Claiming that it's the first based on one's own knowledge without proper references just leaves too much of a chance of being wrong. -- Talono 01:14, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Reference provided. (I've only been playing since 1975 myself; used to write for TSR.) -- Orange Mike 15:17, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Is it amateur if they're making enough money off it to pay off their mortgage early? It's not amateur, you can't even sign up for the email copy for free, despite it costing next to nothing in reproduction costs.

The oldest continually published RPG magazine amateur or professional will be publishing issue 360 this august. Alarums and Excursions began as a continuation of conversations started in the Los Angeles Speculative Fiction Society’s own newsletter, and grew to become one of the leading voices in the early RPG community. Many an RPG notable has appeared in A&E, and a number got their start there.

Mrs. Gold has published A&E with the able help of her husband, Barry for all these years. They even managed to pay off their mortgage early because of A&E.

You can contact Lee at: lee.gold (at) comcast (dot) net (alter as needed to email) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.18.178.137 (talk) 23:50, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It's not a fanzine, it's an amateur press association. I don't know where the unsourced assertion that the Golds paid their mortgage off early via A&E came from. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  14:38, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

Origin of the name
I came to this article expecting to find a note about a stage direction frequently found in the plays of William Shakespeare.

Whenever there was the sudden appearance of a disturbing character into a scene, the stage direction, alarums and excursions, indicated that other characters on the stage would be aroused into a chaotic state of panic and distress.

Perhaps it would be helpful to add just a brief note to this article to indicate that the name comes from a well-known stage direction in the plays of Shakespeare, and then sending the reader to a reliable article prepared by a Shakespeare scholar who can explain more about the origin of this curious phrase.

Montana Mouse 11:14, 1 September 2010 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.163.105.245 (talk)
 * It's in there. Wikipedia is not a dictionary; that's what Wiktionary is for. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  14:34, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Please note that Montana Mouse and the IPs that have added this question are indef-blocked User:Moulton. —DoRD (talk) 15:39, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alarums and Excursions


text:
Never, Never, Land

Never, Never, Land is the second album by the British electronic music act UNKLE, released on 22 September 2003. On 24 October 2004 an expanded edition entitled Never, Never, Land Revisited was released. The original album debuted at No. 71 in Australia. It was promoted by four singles: "Eye for an Eye", "In a State", "Reign" and "Safe in Mind", which was released only as a 12" promo.

The tracks on the album contain audio samples from the movies The Prophecy, Jacob's Ladder, THX 1138 and The Thin Red Line. "Panic Attack" samples the beat from "She's Lost Control" and "Inside" samples the beat from "New Dawn Fades", both original songs by English post-punk band Joy Division.

Track listing

 * 1) "Back and Forth" – 0:54
 * 2) "Eye for an Eye" – 5:45
 * 3) "In a State" – 6:59
 * 4) "Safe in Mind (Please Get This Gun From Out My Face)" (featuring Josh Homme) – 6:21
 * 5) "I Need Something Stronger" (featuring Brian Eno & Jarvis Cocker) – 4:16
 * 6) "What Are You to Me?" – 6:45
 * 7) "Panic Attack" – 5:13
 * 8) "Invasion" (featuring 3D) – 5:15
 * 9) "Reign" (featuring Ian Brown and Mani) – 5:32
 * 10) "Glow" (featuring Joel Cadbury of South) – 4:19
 * 11) "Inside"– 8:20
 * 12) "Awake the Unkind" (Japanese version bonus track) – 4:35
 * 13) "Eye for an Eye Backwards" (Josh Homme & Alain Johannes Remix) (Never, Never, Land Revisited bonus track) – 6:23
 * 14) "Safe in Mind (Please Get This Gun From Out My Face)" (Chris Goss Remix) (Never, Never, Land Revisited bonus track) – 4:45

Disc two of Never, Never, Land Revisited: Inside Out

 * 1) "Blackout" – 6:50
 * 2) "Tracier" – 2:09
 * 3) "Panic Attack" (Ape Sounds Remix) – 6:08
 * 4) "Reign" (Anagram - Psychonauts Remix) – 9:44
 * 5) "In a State" (DFA Remix) – 11:59
 * 6) "Invasion" (Medway Vs Eva Coast to Coast Remix) – 8:41
 * 7) "Have You Passed through This Night?" (Remix of the track "Eye for an Eye") – 9:35
 * 8) "Glow" (Hybrid Remix) – 7:58
 * 9) "In a State" (Sasha Remix) – 11:04

Miscellaneous
Some CD versions of the album feature a hidden track in the pregap. The track can be heard by playing the beginning of track one and then using the rewind/search button to go back 0:18.

The track "Glow" was used as one of the insert songs of the 2009 film Push starring Dakota Fanning.

Samples

 * "Back and Forth"
 * The narrator/voice of the first track is Street poet Robert Alan Weiser.
 * Black Sabbath - "Changes" (only appears in early leaked versions of the album, but readily available on public websites, e.g. YouTube)
 * "Eye for an Eye"
 * The film The Prophecy (vocal sample: "Even now in heaven there were angels carrying savage weapons")
 * James Asher- "Fairground Ghost"
 * The Undisputed Truth – "Ball of Confusion"
 * The film The Thin Red Line (vocal samples: "Does it help the grass to grow? The sun to shine?", "Is this darkness in you too? Have you passed through this night?", "This great evil. Where's it come from?")
 * "Safe in Mind"
 * The film Fallen (vocal sample: "I like the night. The street. The smells. The sense of another world. Sometimes you come face to face with yourself.")
 * "I Need Something Stronger"
 * William Blake's Introduction, from Songs of Innocence and of Experience (poem, 1795)
 * The film THX 1138 (vocal sample: "what's wrong?" Nothing, really. I just, you know, i need something stronger", "Can you feel this? What is that buzzin'")
 * The film Jacob's Ladder (vocal sample: "It's just a matter of how you look at it, that's all")
 * "Panic Attack"
 * Joy Division - "She's Lost Control"
 * Richard Pinhas - "Variation III Sur Le Theme De Bene Gesserit"
 * "Reign"
 * "Scott Walker" - "Farmer in the City (Remembering Pasolini)"
 * "Inside"
 * The film Jacob's Ladder (vocal sample: "The only thing that burns in hell is the part of you that won't let go of your life…")
 * Joy Division - "New Dawn Fades"
 * "Blackout"
 * Hawkwind - "Motorhead"

title: Never, Never, Land


text:
Talk:K3 surface

Untitled
Why call this a stub? Seems to me that this is not a stub.

Charles Matthews 18:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This seems to have been edited in such a way as to slur over a point. The holonomy-type definition, as far as I can tell, is a broader one than the algebraic geometry definition. Charles Matthews 19:18, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thus physicists. Actually, this definition can't be right, if wikipedia's definition of hyperkahler manifold is correct - Sp(1) is exactly SU(2), so this definition implies every hyperkahler manifold is a K3 surface. I hope this change satisfies. Orthografer 05:46, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 09:56, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

K3 non algebraic
In the article it says that most K3 surfaces are not algebraic, shouldn't it say non-projective?  franklin  05:13, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

Language
This article should be written in ENGLISH. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.79.184.234 (talk) 21:14, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Snark won't help improve the article.--345Kai (talk) 18:51, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * In all seriousness, should we have such a prominent, non-English quotation (Andre Well) at the top-right of the article with no translation on the English Wikipedia? I recommend replacing this with an English translation. Can anybody help? Steevven1 (Talk) (Contribs) (Gallery) 00:24, 22 December 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅ Now added a translation of his quote. — Sasuke Sarutobi (push to talk) 14:39, 14 July 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Complex compact surfaces with trivial canonical bundle
It is said that the only complex compact surfaces with trivial canonical bundle are K3 or tori. I think there are primary Kodaira surfaces too. 195.221.123.15 (talk) 07:03, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:K3 surface


text: File:Unkle - never never land.jpg

title: File:Unkle - never never land.jpg


text:
Talk:Wombat

Jargon File
Found another signification in the jargon file:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/W/WOMBAT.html

May be worth adding in the future...

 * highly unlikely that i would ever be able to produce a cite, but in the late 1960's at least, the housekeeping staff in the (then exclusively male) undergraduate dormitories at the johns hopkins university were referred to as wombats.origin? who the hell knows. Toyokuni3 (talk) 03:30, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

Revert
I reverted because:

 * We cannot write "the wombat" because we are talking about three different species.
 * The changed link points to an article with a good deal less information relevant to the topic (extinction of Australian megafauna) than the previous link.
 * "Probably" is more accurate than the weasel-worded "may have". We are not talking about a faint possibility here.
 * "Dingo" is always capitalised. However, the vast majority of wombats today will never see a Dingo as they occupy areas inside the Dog Fence where Dingos are scarce. Dogs, on the other hand, are distressingly common.

Tannin 22:09, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Capital Letter In Dingo
Why is Dingo always capitalized? ~SJW

 * The assertion that dingo is always capitalised is mistaken. Fawcett5 03:54, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've never heard of that before either. Dora Nichov 01:52, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It is a standard for the common name of species. see WP:BIRD for the meat of why. - UtherSRG (talk) 04:41, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Broken links
I've removed this link as broken. -- Danny Yee 09:24, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

party girl?
An anonymous contributor added: "Also used as a pseudonym for an online party-girl."

Pseudonym is not the right word here, but can someone confirm that something like "The term "wombat" is also used to refer to online party-girls." would be correct? Danny Yee 23:19, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

There is indeed an Australian semi-obscene sexual connotation to the word "wombat", and I am happy to include it IF it is deemed appropriate, and that is a BIG "if". However, it refers exclusively to men. Old_Wombat (talk) 09:26, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

Muddle Headed Wombat
I added this comment because I noticed that the Muddle Headed Wombat page hasn't been written yet, though it was already referenced from the Australian Broadcasting Company page. I've never written a from-scratch Wiki page yet, so am slightly hesitant. Would any vombatiphile want to do it instead of me? If so, say here and I'll help with any info that I have, otherwise I'll try to do it myself. Kay Dekker 03:39, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've started a basic article at The Muddle-Headed Wombat, feel free to expand it, I have never read any of the books so I don't know what to write about it.--nixie 10:37, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Thank you! I'll start fleshing it out with details as I can. Kay Dekker 11:51, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Australian RSPCA advert
"the wombat's somewhat idyllic nature"

Idyllic? Chambers defines idyll(ic) as "1 a short poem or prose work describing a simple, pleasant, usually rural or pastoral scene. 2 a story, episode or scene suitable for such a work, eg one of happy innocence or love. 3 a work of this character in another art form, especially music. idyllic adj 1 relating to or typical of an idyll. 2 charming; picturesque."

I think that can't be what's meant. Perhaps "retiring"? Kay Dekker 10:13, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Retiring would probably be a better adjective.--nixie 10:22, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Barbara Triggs books
I've added bibliographic data for her book "Wombats", and I wonder if it's actually a first edition of the other-mentioned Triggs book? Kay Dekker 12:00, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * grin* Answered my own question! No, it isn't. "Wombats" is a kids' book; the other is for adult readers.

Aboriginal Tribes
I'm going to change 'Aboriginal tribes' to Aboriginal communities because that is generally considered to be the correct terminology

How big are they...
it would be good to get some stats on the size/weight of these creatures... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 219.88.179.132 (talk • contribs).
 * The information you seek is already in the article. Read the whole article... - UtherSRG (talk) 11:58, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

A wombat is a marsupil.The tiny newborn grows in it's mother's pouch.The female's pouch faces backwards so that,when she digs a burrow,dirt does not get inside it.

 * This is another one of those statements that anthropomorphizes the evolutionary process -- implying that the reason it has developed this way is so that it will produce such-and-such a result. It would be better to say that, because the female's pouch faces backwards, dirt doesn't get thrown inside it when she's digging. rowley (talk) 20:33, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Popular Culture Entries
Maybe showing my age, but when I used to play MUDs, wombats were usually the most common thing found in the newbie area, allowing a character armed only with a pointy stick to gain (albeit slowly) experience points. Just wondering if this should be mentioned under the references in culture section. Sabalon 12:21, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Not sure about this, but on House M.D., hasn't Hṛouse called Dr Chase a wombat a few times?
 * This is not even remotely notable. -- Danny Yee 04:58, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, NY had the wombat as the mascot for its athletics program from 1971-1982. EatGrammar (talk) 21:10, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

Surely there should be a reference to the 'Muddle headed wombat' series of books by Ruth Park. After all, these have their own wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Muddle-Headed_Wombat - cheers, Bob Kentridge — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.167.155.202 (talk) 14:41, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Wombats as pets?
Being European, wombats are a pretty exotic species to me. So I made a Google Image search to see how they look like and found quite a lot of pictures showing people holding wombats in the arms. Does this mean that (a) quite some Australians keep them as pets, or rather (b) they like to pick up wild wombats that just happen to live in their garden and pose for a photo with them? Simon A. 18:40, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Firstly it is illegal to keep them as pets, you need a licence to keep these animals, and then mainly for rehabilitation purposes. Second like many wild animals these animals can run fast, and if you corner them the, those sharp front claws used for digging will be used to attack you, so in the wild I wouldnt touch them. Most likely they are photos of the animals in Zoos where they can be quiet tame. They like Kangaroos, Koalas etc can get use to humans handling. Enlil Ninlil 03:13, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Yeah. Wild ones can be fierce and extremely strong... Dora Nichov 14:04, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Wild wombats are very well known for killing pet dogs that have followed them into their burrows. They are quite dangerous animals, and you should never attempt to pat one in the wild. The adult is naturally agressive & will likely run at you knocking you off your feet and may also bite you. I have not had any friendly experiences with adult wild wombats. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.155.250 (talk) 18:37, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Cubic Scats??
For real? Their anus actually produces BLOCKS of feces? I MUST see a picture of this.

 * http://www.pbase.com/gehyra/image/38902120 121.44.202.33 21:20, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Crushing against tunnel roof
I suspect that this entry stems from a Douglas adams story written as a joke about Australia. Recently this story has risen in internet-viewership through StumbleUpon. I recommend that this be deleted unless someone can find a reference verifying it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.84.246.52 (talk) 08:02, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Suspect not, reference supplied. --Michael Johnson (talk) 10:10, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, the reference doesn't mention the facts as such. i've removed the probable bogus info, and the reference. - UtherSRG (talk) 02:00, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I quote The wombat is also capable of crushing attackers against the burrow roof. in the "Lifestyle" paragraph. I also came across other, less reliable sources in a google search. It is certainly a fact I use when talking about wombats, I have no reason to believe it not to be true. (if it is untrue, I really need to know) --Michael Johnson (talk) 03:57, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Checked Triggs last night and it is there too. --Michael Johnson (talk) 23:13, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Heads-up
Mentioned in Wired, landed on the front page of Google's "Wired Top Stories" widget. Ronabop (talk) 03:50, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That's 7 years old. - UtherSRG (talk) 02:01, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Diet?
Are wombats ever eaten by people or hunted? Are they legal as pets outside of Australia?
 * I too wonder what they taste like. 59.167.46.201 (talk) 12:23, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Really? With their teeth?

 * Wombats dig extensive burrow systems with rodent-like front teeth and powerful claws.

Do they really dig with their teeth? rowley (talk) 20:42, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Later... Okay, the only references I've found to wombats -- or anything -- digging with their teeth are those that look like they're merely copying from this Wikipedia article (or maybe copying from the same source as this Wikipedia article copied from?), the closest verifiable reference being that they use their teeth to bite through roots when digging (with their feet). Unless somebody has a video of a wombat (or any other marsupial or rodent) digging with its teeth, I will conclude that this is misinformation being spread from sloppy writing. In the meantime, I'm going to take the bit in my teeth (to employ an apt metaphor) and supply a wording that is more likely to be truthful. Somebody prove me wrong. rowley (talk) 21:28, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Citation needed, not so much
There's such a thing as being too cautious when requesting citations. An example is the request for citation after a list of reasons why these animals don't make good pets. They're foragers...which means they need to cover a wide territory, they're nocturnal, and they have hard-wired digging instincts. What makes it hard to understand that these are not good characteristics for domestication? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.157.176.25 (talk) 02:58, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Add to that they're quite territorial, aggressive, and solitary beasts... 220.233.46.242 (talk) 09:00, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

Wombats taking shortcuts?
"They generally move slowly, and because of this are known for taking shortcuts, but when threatened they can reach up to 40 km/h (25 mph) and maintain that speed for up to 90 seconds" Eh? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.80.65.102 (talk) 22:25, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Hi, I was about to comment on exactly that when I saw that someone beat me to it. I think what is meant by this is that if you put a fence in, and even wire it with electricity, if a wombat has decided to take a short cut through this spot it will. They're tremendous problem solvers in this regard. They'll push through logs, tunnel through rock barriers, climb earthworks, or even brave an electric fence if they've decided they're going through. This damage to farmers' fences can prove problematic as you can imagine which is wombies can end up at the wrong end of a Lee-Enfield. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.157.184.106 (talk) 14:26, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I know I'm late to the discussion here, but I'm going to remove the sentence. If we have some citations for what you're describing above (and, I have no reason to doubt what you're saying is true), we should include it. However, what you're describing doesn't constitute a "short cut". They're taking the most direct path that they are able to take based upon their intelligence, skills, etc. If a bird flies over a fence, we don't say it's taking a "short cut". Rather, it just has the means to not have to go around the fence. Seems to me that the same goes for an animal that crawl under, through, etc.JoelWhy (talk) 13:33, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

The reference mentions they can maintain that speed for 150m, which should be about 13.5 seconds at 40 km/h. There is no mention of 90 seconds.217.28.82.254 (talk) 19:35, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Plagiarism
I apologize in advance if I misunderstand Wikipedia's standards, but a significant part of the article is copied directly from the source.

"Human impact on the wombat population is now at a critical level. Wombats suffer from a disease called mange that was introduced to Australia and to wombats by human activity. Mites that cause mange lead to deep skin fissures that become flyblown and septic. This leads to a long, slow and painful death for wombats. In addition they are also being affected by a fungal lung disease for which there is currently no cure. Diseases and viruses brought in by farming activity now affect wombats. Incidents of coccidia, clostridium perfringens and tetanus amongst others ,are evident in wombats. Some people believe that the distribution of mange is so widespread that only isolated populations and those tended in sanctuaries will, in the long term survive. It is only recently that Veterinarians have begun to receive training in dealing with native animal health. Behavioural studies on wombats are few and limited in their scope. As a result wombats are misunderstood and those attempting to rear and rehabilitate injured and orphaned wombats have difficulty getting them appropriate medical attention and in helping others understand the best ways of living with wombats." http://www.wombatprotection.org.au/  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.175.32.223 (talk) 22:06, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry for having no time to look into details. A general note is that a text can be copied to or from wikipedia, i.e. it is important to look into any possible timestamps. Materialscientist (talk) 22:33, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yea, but since the source w/ the identical information is cited, I'm betting it is a copyright violation. In any case, a wombat protection society is not generally a good source for this type of information. I'll see if I can find something better to source and take out the copyrighted material.JoelWhy (talk) 22:41, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * All I wanted to say is that wikipedia texts are often verbatim copied even by respectable websites. This can be seen by timestamps, character of wikiedits (single edit or multiple rewrites of that section), and sometimes by the style of writing/formatting. Materialscientist (talk) 22:46, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * (e/c)Yep, it's a copy and paste job taken from the website. The site's content existed in February 2011 and looking back in the article, without having to go back to February, the content was added in March 2011 by which was hidden but readded back into the article by . Bidgee (talk) 22:48, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, a one-day account (Wombatwarrior) .. Materialscientist (talk) 22:54, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

I'm working on an addition to replace the text I took out. Will try to post something tomorrow (unless someone beats me to it.)JoelWhy (talk) 22:59, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Mystery disease killing off wombats
from iol scitech May 15 2012

"A mystery liver disease thought to be caused by introduced weeds is causing hairy-nosed wombats in southern Australia to go bald and die, researchers said on Tuesday. The illness, which causes the wombat to lose some or all of its fur and then starve to death, is tearing through South Australia's native southern hairy-nosed wombats, threatening entire populations.

Initially the animals were thought to have mange, but it became so widespread and severe - with shiny, healthy skin revealed beneath - that autopsies were carried out to determine what was causing the illness. University of Adelaide researcher Wayne Boardman said the non-native toxic potato weed appeared to be affecting the wombats' livers, triggering a reaction with ultraviolet light that caused them to lose their fur. Boardman said it was unclear why the herbivorous wombat had suddenly taken to eating the noxious weed but a shortage of their usual grasses and alternative foods due to prolonged local drought could be to blame." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.107.240.36 (talk) 18:13, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

Burrow Flap method for treating mange in womats
Hello In Victoria and NSW volunteers are treating wild wombats in their habitat...Using camera's to find the affected wombats burrow, then placing a burrow flap across the entrance with 5-3 ml of cydectin...some wombats in the late stages can be treated with the pole and scoop method, this only works until the wombat feels better, then the burrow flap comes into use... The Mange Management Group has a website that anyone can visit and use our experience... This is a very good method for the wombat and the volunteer caring for it, after the initial finding of the burrow the volunteer only has to return weekly for 8 weeks then fortnightly for four treatments.... Please is you are concerned get onto this website and see the results, if the wombats in Tasmania are that easy to approach, the pole treatment would be applicable.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.170.249.190 (talk) 00:16, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Name for a group of wombats
The article says that a group of wombats is a wisdom and cites a fact in an unsourced natgeo page. This strikes me as an odd factoid that could be easily be posted around the internet with circular sourcing. I searched scholar.google.com and found nothing mentioning a group of wombats being a wisdom, but a variety of sources calling a group of them a mob or colony. I'm not sure what to about this, if anything, since a "wisdom of wombats" has been cited enough that it's nearly become true if it wasn't already. Does anyone have any more input?Bobrm2k3 (talk) 16:17, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I couldn't find any dictionary entry for this as well. The natgeo link is now broken and there is now a second link added to a book called "A Compendium of Collective Nouns". I'm unsure where that book got its source from or if it is just something the author Woop Studios came up with.
 * This should probably be deleted, along with both sources. Ikalvarado (talk) 06:28, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Considered vermin in 1906 - but until when???
The article says they were declared to be vermin in 1906, but makes no mention of WHEN this ceased - are they still vermin? Surely not. http://www.ozarkwild.org/manuals/WombatNotes.pdf suggests "1960's" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.1.57.224 (talk) 20:58, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Typo
I believe the last phrase, instead of rabbit roof fences should be rabbit-proof fences

This is from footnote 32, http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=4898.

I don't really know what I'm doing, so I'm not sure how to change it myself. I don't even know if I'm doing THIS right. Virago2 (talk) 08:19, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

 * ✅. Posting to the talkpage definitely not wrong! CMD (talk) 08:32, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

Notable wombats
Patrick the wombat (https://wildlifepark.com.au/wildlife/patrick-the-wombat/) got quite a lot of media attention the last few years, for being the worlds oldest living and heaviest wombat. However, he has since passed away. Should a list of Patrick and other "famous" wombats be added somewhere at the page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oherik (talk • contribs) 11:42, 4 December 2017 (UTC)

Mukupirna
Can a confirmed user add something like the following to the Evolution and taxonomy section - In 2020 fossils of Mukupirna, meaning big bones was found. This is thought to be the ancestor of all living wombats and the koala. 2A00:23C6:3B82:8500:2168:3CD4:D868:3F67 (talk) 17:52, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

Oct 22nd
I don't know how official this is but Oct 22 is apparently Wombat awareness day. Perhaps this can be mentioned in the conservation section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.93.239.143 (talk) 18:44, 22 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 October 2021
The term common wombat needs to be removed. That term is inaccurate, due to mange ravishing our wombats and recent bushfires. These animals are no longer common. The correct name for the 'common wombat' is bare-nosed wombat. 220.244.100.171 (talk) 14:27, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌ Common wombat is one of three names for the Vombatus Ursinus species; per WP:COMMONNAME, we used the name that's most frequently used/recognizable. OhNo itsJamie Talk 14:45, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

Nobel Prize in Physics
What a foolish reference. The "Ig Nobel Prize" is NOT the Nobel Prize. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.109.251.113 (talk) 13:30, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

Missing conservation status
as per title — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.88.225.225 (talk) 22:26, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Conservation status applies to a single species. This article covers three species so the status is not relevant.- gadfium 22:57, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

Contradictory Information
In the conservation section it says:

Conservation All species of wombats are protected in every Australian state.[45] The northern hairy-nosed wombat is an endangered species.[46] The biggest threats the species faces are its small population size, predation by wild dogs, competition for food because of overgrazing by cattle and sheep, and disease.[46][47] The only known wild populations of this species exist in two locations in Queensland, the Epping Forest National Park, and a smaller colony being established by translocating wombats to the Richard Underwood Nature Refuge at Yarran Downs.[46] This second colony is being created through the Xstrata reintroduction project, which is being funded by Xstrata, a Swiss global mining company.[48] The wombat population in the Epping Forest National Park has been increasing since a predator-proof fence was erected in the park.[46] According to the latest census, taken in 2013, the park is home to 196 of these endangered wombats, with numbers at the two locations expected to have increased to 230 by late 2015.[46] Despite its name, the common wombat is no longer common, and it has been officially a protected animal in New South Wales since 1970.[49] However, in eastern Victoria, they are not protected, and they are considered by some to be pests, especially due to the damage they cause to rabbit-proof fences.[46][50]

I believe the they _are_ protected and the later text should be changed.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.5.182.228 (talk • contribs) 07:08, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wombat


text:
CUSIP

A CUSIP is a nine-character numeric or alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. All CUSIP identifiers are fungible, which means that a unique CUSIP identifier for each individual security stays the same, regardless of the exchange where the shares were purchased or venue on which the shares were traded. CUSIP was adopted as an American national standard by the Accredited Standards Committee X9 and is designated ANSI X9.6. CUSIP was re-approved as an ANSI standard in December 2020. The acronym derives from Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures.

The CUSIP system is owned by the American Bankers Association (ABA) and is operated by FactSet Research Systems Inc. The operating body, CUSIP Global Services (CGS), also serves as the national numbering agency (NNA) for North America, and the CUSIP serves as the National Securities Identification Number (NSIN) for products issued from both the United States and Canada. In its role as the NNA, CUSIP Global Services (CGS) also assigns all US-based ISINs.

History
The origins of the CUSIP system go back to 1964, when the financial markets were dealing with what was known as the securities settlement paper crunch on Wall Street. At that time, increased trading volumes of equity securities, which were settled by the exchange of paper stock certificates, caused a backlog in clearing and settlement activities. In fact, stock markets had to close early on some days just to allow back-office processing to keep pace. To address the challenge, the New York Clearing House Association approached the ABA to develop a more efficient system for the trading, clearing, and settlement of securities trades by uniquely identifying all current and future securities. Their work was unveiled four years later, in December 1968, with the first publication of the CUSIP directory.

Over the ensuing years, a growing number of market authorities and regulators came to recognize the value of the CUSIP system and embrace its usage. With sustained reinvestment from the operators of the CUSIP system, CUSIP coverage has steadily grown over the years. It now includes following asset classes: government, municipal, and international securities (through the CUSIP International Numbering System, or CINS); initial public offerings (IPOs); preferred stock; funds, certificates of deposit; syndicated loans; and US and Canadian listed options. The CGS databased contains issuer and issue-level identifiers, plus standardized descriptive data, for more than 62 million financial instruments and entities. CGS is also the designation numbering agency responsible for assigning the ISIN in over 35 countries.

CUSIP operates with insight and guidance from the industry-appointed CUSIP Board of Trustees, made up of senior-level operations and data executives from major banks and other financial institutions.

Antitrust review
In November 2009, the European Commission charged S&P Capital IQ with abusing its position as the sole provider of ISIN codes for U.S. securities by requiring European financial firms (in the European Economic Area) and data vendors to pay licensing fees for their use. The European Commission described the behavior as unfair pricing, noting that in cases such as clearing or regulatory compliance, there are no acceptable alternatives.

In its formal statement of objections, the European Commission alleged that S&P Capital IQ was abusing its position by requiring financial services companies and information service providers to pay license fees for the use of U.S. ISINs. The European Commission claimed that comparable agencies elsewhere in the world either do not charge fees at all, or do so on the basis of distribution cost, rather than usage.

While strongly disagreeing with the European Commission, CGS/S&P Capital IQ offered to create a low-cost, low-value feed of certain US ISINs for use by market participants in the European Economic Area. A formal agreement was reached on November 15, 2011.

Format
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code. The first six characters are known as the base (or CUSIP-6), and uniquely identify the issuer. Issuer codes are assigned alphabetically from a series that includes deliberately built-in gaps for future expansion. The 7th and 8th digit identify the exact issue. The 9th digit is a checksum (some clearing bodies ignore or truncate the last digit). The last three characters of the issuer code can be letters, in order to provide more room for expansion.

Issuer numbers 990 to 999 and 99A to 99Z in each group of 1,000 numbers are reserved for internal use. This permits a user to assign an issuer number to any issuer which might be relevant to his holdings but which does not qualify for coverage under the CUSIP numbering system. Other issuer numbers (990000 to 999999 and 99000A to 99999Z) are also reserved for the user so that they may be assigned to non-security assets or to number miscellaneous internal assets.

The 7th and 8th digit identify the exact issue, the format being dependent on the type of security. In general, numbers are used for equities and letters are used for fixed income. For discount commercial paper, the first issue character is generated by taking the letter code of the maturity month and the second issue character is the day of the maturity date, with letters used for numbers over 9. The first security issued by any particular issuer is numbered "10". Newer issues are numbered by adding ten to the last used number up to 80, at which point the next issue is "88" and then goes down by tens. The issue number "01" is used to label all options on equities from that issuer.

Fixed income issues are labeled using a similar fashion, but due to there being so many of them they use letters instead of digits. The first issue is labeled "AA", the next "A2", then "2A" and onto "A3". To avoid confusion, the letters I and O are not used since they might be mistaken for the digits 1 and 0.

CUSIP also reserves the special characters '*', '@' and '#' for use with private placement numbers (PPNs) used by the insurance industry.

The 9th digit is an automatically generated check digit using the "Modulus 10 Double Add Double" technique based on the Luhn algorithm. To calculate the check digit every second digit is multiplied by two. Letters are converted to numbers based on their ordinal position in the alphabet, starting with A equal to 10.

TBA CUSIP format
There is a special assignment of CUSIP numbers for TBA Security. Working with the MBSCC, CUSIP Global Services (CGS) developed a specialized identification scheme for TBA (To Be Announced) mortgage-backed securities.

TBA CUSIPs incorporate, within the identifier itself, a security’s mortgage type (Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac), coupon, maturity and settlement month.

TBA Algorithm:
 * Position 1–2: Product Code (e.g., single-family mortgage, ARM, Balloon, etc.)
 * Position 3: Type of Mortgage (Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac)
 * Position 4–6: Coupon
 * Position 7: Maturity
 * Position 8: Settlement Month
 * Position 9: Check Digit
 * The exact values for each position are available in a spreadsheet called the TBA Grid.

Check digit lookup table
The values below are summed for the first 8 characters, then reduced to 1 digit by $$modulo(10 - modulo(sum, 10), 10)$$:

Check digit pseudocode
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit is input: cusip, an 8-character CUSIP. sum := 0 for 0 ≤ i < 8 do c := the ith character of cusip if c is a digit then v := numeric value of the digit c else if c is a letter then p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...) v := p + 9 else if c = "*" then v := 36 else if c = "@" then v := 37 else if c = "#" then v := 38 end if if i is not even then v := v × 2 end if sum := sum + int(v div 10) + v mod 10 repeat return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10

Examples

 * Apple Inc.: 037833100
 * Cisco Systems: 17275R102
 * Google Inc.: 38259P508
 * Microsoft Corporation: 594918104
 * Oracle Corporation: 68389X105
 * 3½% Treasury Gilt 2068: EJ7125481

title: CUSIP


text:
Henry Scadding

Henry Scadding (July 29, 1813 – May 6, 1901) was a Canadian writer and Anglican clergyman.

Life and career
Scadding was born at Dunkeswell in Devon, England, and he immigrated to York, Upper Canada (now Toronto, Ontario) in 1821 with his parents, John Scadding and Melicent Triggs. He was educated at Upper Canada College and then attended St. John's College at Cambridge University in Cambridge, England, from which he graduated in 1837.

Scadding was the first boy enrolled at Upper Canada College and now has a Day Boy House named after him there, called Scadding's. In 1838, he was appointed to a tutorship at Upper Canada College and was ordained a priest of the Church of England. On August 14, 1841, he married Harriet Eugenia Baldwin (d. 1843) and they had one daughter, Henrietta Millicent Scadding (June 1, 1842 – 1926).

In 1847, Scadding became the rector of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Toronto, a post he held until 1875. He was also a canon of St. James' Cathedral in Toronto.

Scadding wrote many books, including the Memorial of the Reverend William Honywood Riply (1849), Shakespeare the Seer—the Interpreter (1864), Truth's Resurrection (1865), Christian Pantheism (1865), Toronto of Old (1873), The Four Decades of York, Upper Canada (1884) and A History of the Old French Fort at Toronto (1887). In his writings, Scadding was principally interested in history and religious themes.

He also edited the Canadian Journal of Science, Literature, and History from 1868 to 1878. Scadding was a co-founder and the first president of the York Pioneers, a Toronto-based historical society that preserved Scadding Cabin, which had been built by his father in the early days of the town of York.

title: Henry Scadding


text:
Blanchard Ryan

Susan Blanchard Ryan is an American actress. After working in MTV and taking other minor parts on television and independent film, she starred in the 2003 film Open Water, for which she won the 2004 Saturn Award for Best Actress. She has since starred in the films The Brooklyn Heist and It's Complicated.

Early life
Ryan was born in Boston, Massachusetts and was raised in Andover. Her mother Brenda is a French teacher, and her father Ron Ryan was president of the National Hockey League's Philadelphia Flyers and former coach and general manager of the Hartford Whalers. Ryan is an avid ice hockey fan. She graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a Bachelor of Arts in political philosophy.

Career
After graduating from college, Ryan worked at MTV in its special-effects department. She began acting in commercials while studying acting and improvisation in New York City. As an other actor named Susan Ryan was already registered with the Screen Actors Guild, Ryan instead used her middle name. In 2000, she appeared in an episode of Sex and the City. She appeared in the Broken Lizard films Super Troopers and Beerfest, as well as Big Helium Dog and several independent films. Ryan's most notable film role was in the 2003 film Open Water, for which she won the 2004 Saturn Award for Best Actress. Despite the film's success, she appeared in only one film in the next five years. She appeared in four films in 2008 and two in 2009, including Under New Management and It's Complicated.

title: Blanchard Ryan


text:
User:Eleland

<eleland/talkedits> GMT, 29  July 2024

title: User:Eleland


text: Category:American opera singers

title: Category:American opera singers


text: Category:Opera singers by nationality

title: Category:Opera singers by nationality


text: Category:American people by occupation

title: Category:American people by occupation


text:
List of Mazda vehicles

This is a list of Mazda motor vehicle models. Mazda had used a number of different marques in the Japan market, including Autozam, Eunos, and Efini, although they have been phased out. In the early 1990s Mazda almost created a luxury marque, Amati, to challenge Acura, Infiniti, and Lexus in North America, but this never happened, leaving the near-luxury Millenia to the Mazda brand. Many Mazda vehicles have been rebadged and sold with the Ford brand during the alliance of both companies. Most are noted in the pages of individual vehicles.

Previous sports models of Mazda's regular vehicles go by the Mazdaspeed name. Mazdaspeed is Mazda's in-house race and street car tuning arm and is highly involved in both amateur and professional motorsports.

Current production vehicles
This is the current Mazda automobile listing internationally.

Former production vehicles

 * 1931–1959 Mazda-Go three-wheel truck
 * 1959–1969 K360 three-wheel truck
 * 1960–1966 R360 kei car sedan
 * 1961–2006 B Series pickup truck
 * 1964–2003 Familia compact car
 * 1966–1991 Luce luxury car
 * 1967–1996 Cosmo sports car
 * 1970–2002 Capella mid-size car
 * 1970–1973 Pathfinder XV-1 off-road truck
 * 1971-1991 Mazda Savanna sports car
 * 1972–1997 Parkway minibus
 * 1973–1997 929 full-size car
 * 1978–2002 RX-7 sports car
 * 1978–2003 626, export version of the Mazda Capella
 * 1988–1992 Persona mid-size car
 * 1988–2002 121 compact car
 * 1988–1997 MX-6 coupé
 * 1988–2016 MPV/Mazda8 minivan
 * 1990–1998 Sentia luxury car
 * 1990–1998 MX-3 coupé
 * 1990–1998 Revue subcompact car
 * 1991–1994 Navajo SUV
 * 1991–1997 Cronos, rebadged Mazda Capella
 * 1992–1999 Xedos 6/Eunos 500 luxury car
 * 1992–1997 ɛ̃fini MS-8 luxury car
 * 1992–1994 AZ-1 kei sports car
 * 1993–1997 Lantis/323F compact car
 * 1993–2002 Millenia luxury car
 * 1994–2018 Familia Wagon/Van subcompact station wagon
 * 1996–2019 Demio subcompact car
 * 1998–2014 AZ-Offroad SUV
 * 1999–2018 Premacy/Mazda5 small minivan
 * 2001–2011 Tribute SUV
 * 2002–2008 Spiano kei car
 * 2003–2012 RX-8 sports car
 * 2003 RX-8 Hydrogen RE bi-fuel sports car
 * 2004–2015 Verisa subcompact car
 * 2007–2012 CX-7 crossover SUV
 * 2008–2018 Biante minivan
 * 2013–2017 VX-1 mini MPV
 * 2016–2024 CX-4 crossover

Concept cars

 * Mazda Activehicle (1999)
 * Mazda Arata (2024)
 * Mazda AZ550 (1989)
 * Mazda BU-X (1995)
 * Mazda Chantez EV (1972)
 * Mazda CU-X (1995)
 * Mazda CVS (1974)
 * Mazda Deep Orange 3 (2013)
 * Mazda EX-005 (1970)
 * Mazda Furai (2008)
 * Mazda Gissya (1991)
 * Mazda Hakaze Concept (2007)
 * Mazda Hazumi (2014)
 * Mazda HR-X (1991)
 * Mazda HR-X 2 (1993)
 * Mazda Ibuki (2003)
 * Mazda Iconic SP (2023)
 * Mazda Kaan
 * Mazda Kabura (2006)
 * Mazda Kai (2017)
 * Mazda Kazamai (2008)
 * Mazda Kiyora (2008)
 * Mazda Koeru (2015)
 * Mazda Kusabi (2003)
 * Mazda Le Mans Prototype (1983)
 * Mazda LM55 Vision Gran Turismo (2014)
 * Mazda London Taxi (1993)
 * Mazda Miata Mono-Posto (1999)
 * Mazda Minagi (2011)
 * Mazda MS-X (1997)
 * Mazda MV-X (1997)
 * Mazda MX-02 (1983)
 * Mazda MX-03 (1985)

 * Mazda MX-04 (1987)
 * Mazda MX-5 Superlight (2009)
 * Mazda MX-81 (1981)
 * Mazda MX-Crossport (2005)
 * Mazda MX-Flexa (2004)
 * Mazda MX-Micro Sport (2004)
 * Mazda MX Sport Tourer (2001)
 * Mazda MX Sportif (2003)
 * Mazda Nagare (2006)
 * Mazda Neospace (1999)
 * Mazda Nextourer (1999)
 * Mazda Pair (1987)
 * Mazda RX-01 (1995)
 * Mazda RX 87 (1967)
 * Mazda RX-500 (1970)
 * Mazda RX-510 (1971)
 * Mazda RX-Evolv (1999)
 * Mazda RX-Vision (2015)
 * Mazda Ryuga (2007)
 * Mazda Sassou (2005)
 * Mazda Secret Hideout (2001)
 * Mazda Senku (2005)
 * Mazda Shinari (2010)
 * Mazda SU-V (1995)
 * Mazda SW-X (1999)
 * Mazda Taiki (2007)
 * Mazda Takeri (2011)
 * Mazda TD-R (1989)
 * Mazda Vision Coupe (2017)
 * Mazda Washu (2003)

Amati (cancelled)

 * Amati 300 (Eunos 500)
 * Amati 500 (Mazda Millenia)
 * Amati 1000 (Mazda Sentia)

Autozam

 * 1990–1994 Autozam Carol keicar (Suzuki Alto)
 * 1990–1994 Autozam Revue subcompact car (Mazda 121)
 * 1990–1994 Autozam Scrum microvan (Suzuki Carry)
 * 1991–1994 Autozam AZ-3 coupe (Mazda MX-3)
 * 1992–1993 Autozam Clef sedan (Mazda Capella)
 * 1992–1994 Autozam AZ-1 mid-engine sports car

ɛ̃fini

 * 1990–1997 ɛ̃fini MPV (Mazda MPV)
 * 1991–1993 ɛ̃fini MS-6 (Mazda Cronos)
 * 1992–1997 ɛ̃fini MS-8
 * 1991–1993 ɛ̃fini MS-9 (Mazda 929)
 * 1991–1996 ɛ̃fini RX-7 (Mazda RX-7)

Eunos

 * 1989 Eunos 100 (Mazda Familia BG platform)
 * 1989 Eunos 300 (Mazda Persona MA platform)
 * 1992–1993 Eunos 500 (Mazda Xedos 6 CA platform)
 * 1993–1996 Eunos 800 (Mazda Millenia TA platform)
 * 1990 Eunos Cargo (SS platform)
 * 1990–1991 Eunos Cosmo (Mazda Cosmo JC platform)
 * 1991–1993 Eunos Presso/Eunos 30X (Mazda MX-3 EC platform)
 * 1989–1996 Eunos Roadster (Mazda MX-5 NA platform)

Xedos

 * 1993–1999 Xedos 6 (Eunos 500)
 * 1993–2002 Xedos 9 (Mazda Millenia)

title: List of Mazda vehicles


text:
Israel Vibration

Israel Vibration are a reggae harmony group, originating from Kingston, Jamaica. Lascelle "Wiss" Bulgin, Albert "Apple Gabriel" Craig, and Cecil "Skelly" Spence all contracted childhood polio, and went on to be a Jamaican roots reggae group in the 1970s. The trio initially met as children at a rehabilitation center.

History
Bulgin (born 1955), Craig (1955–2020), and Spence (1952–2022) first met as children at the Mona Rehabilitation Clinic, all polio patients in the epidemic that spread through Jamaica in the 1950s. Several years later they formed Israel Vibration. Craig attended the Alpha Boys School but ran away at the age of fourteen, living on the streets. Spence was a member of the band Hot Lickers, appearing on Jamaican television with the group at the age of twelve. He also played in the Jamaican wheelchair basketball team but was forced out in 1969 after adopting the Rastafarian faith, something which the three had in common when they were later reunited.

Spence and Craig got together in Kingston and sought out Bulgin, who at the time was working as a tailor. They formed a vocal group, initially adopting the name Israel Vibration Israel Vibrates, soon becoming simply Israel Vibration. They survived on money earned singing in the streets for several years, and in 1975 attempted to launch a recording career at Channel One Studios, but the track they recorded there ("Bad Intention") was not released.

Funding for their first album came in the form of a grant from the Twelve Tribes of Israel branch of Rastafarai after Hugh Booth, a member of the Twelve Tribes, had overheard the three men singing in a wooded area outside Kingston. Apple and Wiss were living in the area, which they had converted into a home. Recorded at the Treasure Isle studio in 1976, their debut release was the single "Why Worry", released on the Twelve Tribes label late that year. The single was successful enough for the group to be offered support slots at shows by artists such as Dennis Brown, Inner Circle, and Bob Marley.

They then began working with producer Tommy Cowan, releasing "The Same Song" (on which they were backed by members of Inner Circle) on his Top Ranking label in 1977, and an album of the same name followed in 1978. The album, and its dub counterpart, Israel Tafari (aka Same Song Dub) were a success internationally, leading to a deal with EMI label Harvest to reissue the album in the UK, the label also releasing a second album, Unconquered People in 1980.

For their third album, Why You So Craven (the title track aimed at their former producer Cowan), they worked with Henry "Junjo" Lawes but disagreements meant that they left the album unfinished, with Lawes getting The Tamlins to complete it.

The group relocated to New York in 1982 to seek professional health care, and escape the growing dancehall movement in Jamaica, but struggled to break through there and they split up. They each attempted to launch solo careers, with Bulgin releasing the Mr Sunshine album in 1985, but by 1987 they decided to relaunch Israel Vibration. Having all been turned down when they approached Gary "Dr. Dread" Himmelfarb, founder of RAS Records, during their solo period, they received a positive response when they approached him as a group. They were flown to Washington, D.C., to record a new album at the Lion and Fox Recording Studios in College Park, Maryland, backed by the Roots Radics. Strength of my Life was the group's fourth album. The band stayed with RAS into the 21st century, releasing more than a dozen albums for the label.

In 1997, Apple Gabriel left the group to pursue a solo career, releasing the album Another Moses in 1999. Skelly and Wiss continue to record albums and tour the world as Israel Vibration, backed by longtime associates Roots Radics. In December 2014 they were reportedly recording a new album set for release in early 2015. The new album, entitled "Play It Real" was released on 31 March 2015 via Utopia. On March 23, 2020, Albert "Apple Gabriel" co-founder and former member of the group died due to 'compilation sickness', earlier reports indicated that Albert was not well for quite some time, this was supposedly due to some of the polio infections left in his body. On a Facebook post on March 7, 2020, he had indicated that he had had a stroke. He died on March 23, 2020. On August 26, 2022, Cecil "Skelly" Spence died of lung cancer.

Studio albums

 * The Same Song (1978), Top Ranking
 * Unconquered People (1979), Harvest
 * Why You So Craven (1981), Volcano
 * Strength of My Life (1988), RAS
 * Praises (1990), RAS
 * Dub Vibration: Israel Vibration in Dub (1990), RAS
 * Forever (1991), RAS
 * IV (1993), RAS
 * I.V.D.U.B. (1994), RAS
 * On the Rock (1995), RAS
 * Dub the Rock (1995), RAS
 * Israel Dub (1996), RAS
 * Free to Move (1996), RAS
 * Ras Portraits (1997), RAS
 * Pay the Piper (1999), RAS
 * Jericho (2000), RAS
 * Power of the Trinity (2002)
 * Dub Combo (2001), RAS
 * Fighting Soldiers (2003)
 * Cool and Calm (2005)
 * Stamina (2007), Mediacom
 * Reggae Knights (2010), Mediacom
 * Play It Real (2015), Utopia

Live albums
Living truth (1999)
 * Israel Vibration & The Gladiators Live at Reggae Sunsplash (1982)
 * Vibes Alive (1992), RAS
 * Live Again! (1997), RAS
 * Live & Jammin (2003), Nocturne

title: Israel Vibration


text: Category:French archaeologists

title: Category:French archaeologists


text:
Category:AIM (software) clients

Client software for AOL Instant Messenger

title: Category:AIM (software) clients


text:
SILC

SILC can refer to:

 * SILC (protocol) (Secure Internet Live Conferencing), a protocol that provides secure conferencing services over the Internet
 * Silicom Connectivity Solutions (NASDAQ: SILC), one of the RAD Group Companies
 * Solomon Islands Labour Corps, a World War II organization of native Solomon Islanders who served in the allied war effort
 * Stress-induced leakage current, an increase in the gate leakage current of a MOSFET, due to defects
 * Sydney Institute of Language and Commerce, a college in Shanghai University
 * The summer language program at the American International School-Salzburg
 * SILC, Swedish International Liberal Center

title: SILC


text:
Talk:Truecolor

I'm curious as to what hardware, specifically, utilizes the extra byte in 32-bit truecolor for the implementation of transparency. I've always been under the impression that 32-bit depth in the context of graphic display is exactly the same as 24-bit depth, with the extra byte purely for padding. An actual pixel (on the monitor) cannot be partially transparent, so if the extra byte is used for this purpose, it would have to be a capability of the video card.

Now, this is distinct from 32-bit image files (such as PNG), which clearly (no pun intended) may have an 8-bit alpha channel; this, of course, can be used to layer images and achieve transparency; however, the current article implies that GUI effects involving transparency somehow take advantage of the extra byte. Is this true? Do newer video cards utilize the extra 8 bits? -- Wapcaplet 19:06, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Well, when an operating system draws something such as a menu, it usually has an off-screen bitmap for it. If the *offscreen* bitmap is 32bit, you can use the extra byte for the transparency of the menu as you copy it to the screen. As far as i'm aware, if the screen is also 32bit, the graphics card can accelerate translucent blitting of the bitmap for you, otherwise the CPU has to do it. On the actual screen bitmap, the extra bytes are ignored. -- Lumpbucket

image
whilst that image in its origial form may have contained every color in the 24 bit RGB space, it was totally mangled to the point of being basically meaningless by the scaling process, also the image description page has no infomation on how the colors are laid out. Therefore imo placed directly it mislead more than it added any usefull information and even as a media: link to the proper image its value would be minor at best. Plugwash 02:01, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Description added in the image description page. Maybe you will reconsider your position. Marc Mongenet 22:50, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the info but my original comment still stands. That image only shows anything at all when displayed at actual size. scaling it down just destroys it effectively turning it into a red/green fade with a fixed or meaninglessly patterened (depending on the exact scale factor) blue component. Its simply not feasible to show off every color in the 8*8*8 space in a reasonable sized image and even when you do look at the full sized image many of the colors are indistinguishable to the human eye anyway.

I get the feeling that sometimes wikipedia suffers from a desire to get at least one image into every article even where that image isn't really very informative or is even misleading. Plugwash 00:46, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * You're right, it's a bad illustration. It's more of a curiosity. Marc Mongenet 23:01, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Terminological origins
I believe that this particular term (as a runtogetherword)originates with the X Window System. X servers may implement multiple color models, called "visuals", which are given a type. This article describes the models known to X as TrueColor and DirectColor. (The difference between the two is that DirectColor visuals send each color component through an application-defined mapping before displaying. This is analogous to StaticColor versus PseudoColor, where the color map in the former is fixed and in the latter can be changed.)  In any event, that would put the origin some time between 1984 and 1987 if correct. Does anyone have a citation antedating 1987? 121a0012 04:21, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Useful demonstration images
For anyone who wishes to enhance the article visually, there's a series of image I've uploaded to the Commons:

 * Image:Park-TruColor-24BPP.png (24-bit truecolour reference image)
 * Image:Park-HiColor-16BPP.png (16-bit highcolour version)
 * Image:Park-HiColor-15BPP.png (15-bit highcolour version)

The thing is, I don't know how to incorporate it into the articles, because 1) I don't know how to fit the images, even as thumbnails, without wreaking havoc on the page layout, and 2) when presented as thumbnails, the scaling resamples the images, thereby rendering them useless for the colour depth demonstration unless the reader follows the links to the full-sized images. --Shlomi Tal ☜ 20:32, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Color Question
Hey, I realize that this is not exactly the forum for this question, but I am looking for a relatively obscure answer that no one has been able to help me with so far. I'm trying to make stimulus for a psych experiment using CIE space, so I made it in photoshop with LAB color, a CIE space, but I can't save it as anything but a Tiff which most other applications won't load. I can save it as an 8-bit LAB color tiff, which will sort-of load, or a 16-bit RGB color .PNG file, which will load. The problem is that the two look very different, and I dont know which is closer to the true 16-bit LAB color. Any ideas? thanks and sorry for posting a somewhat irrelevant question here.

color depth of the eye
"The human eye is popularly believed to be capable of discriminating between as many as 10 million colors."

Uhm, what is this rubbish?? It is unsourced and uses weasel words. And, furthermore, my eye, which is hardly very sensitive, can definitely see more colors than 24-bit color allows. 4.242.147.168 23:15, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added the reference that's in the Color article to this one. 63.163.61.3 20:11, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Truecolor is the color
Where did this information come from? I think that what the text is describing is a chunky graphics mode. There is probably a correlation between the widespread introduction of chunky graphics modes and the development of video hardware that can handle millions of colours rather than thousands, but I don't think the word 'truecolor' is usually applied to chunky modes. - Richard Cavell (talk) 10:50, 13 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Former Amigaian? Anyway, chunky and planar graphics refers to how the bits making up a pixel is stored; not how the colors are represented. IOW, chunky graphics can use both indexed and direct color modes. As for True Color, www.poynton.com says:
 * True colour is the provision of three separate components for additive red, green and blue reproduction. True colour systems often provide eight bits for each of the three components, so true colour is sometimes referred to as 24-bit colour.
 * Not quite what either section describes, go figure.--Anss123 (talk) 15:08, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Truecolor


text:
User:Bigevildan/monobook.css

a { background: Yellow }

title: User:Bigevildan/monobook.css


text:
Storge

Storge, or familial love, refers to natural or instinctual affection, such as the love of a parent towards offspring and vice versa.

In social psychology, another term for love between good friends is philia.

Extent
Storge is a wide-ranging force which can apply between family members, friends, pets and their owners, companions or colleagues; it can also blend with and help underpin other types of ties such as passionate love or friendship.

Thus "storge" may function as a general term to characterize the love between exceptional friends, and their desire to care compassionately for one another.

Storge love
Sometimes the term is used to refer to the love between married partners who are committed and plan to have a long relationship together, particularly as a fundamental relational foundation after initial infatuation (limerence).

Another interpretation for storge is to be used to describe a sexual relationship between two people that gradually grew out of a friendship —storgic lovers sometimes cannot pinpoint the moment that friendship turned to love. Storgic lovers are friends first; the friendship and the storge can endure even beyond the breakup of the sexual relationship. They want their significant others to also be their best friends, and will choose their mates based on similar goals and interests—homogamy. Storgic lovers place much importance on commitment, and find that their motivation to avoid committing infidelity is to preserve the trust between the two partners. Children and marriage are seen as legitimate long-term aims for their bond, while passionate sexual intensity is of lesser importance than in other love styles.

Advantages
The advantages of storgic love may be how much storgic lovers love their own families and understand each other. In addition, two people who are deeply devoted to one another can feel the intimacy that they share.

title: Storge


text:
USS Hake

USS Hake (SS/AGSS-256) was a Gato-class submarine of the United States Navy that served during World War II.

Construction and commissioning
Hake′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut. She was launched 17 July 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Martha Richards Fletcher, wife of Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, and commissioned 30 October 1942.

Atlantic war patrols, April – July 1943
Hake departed for shakedown off New London soon after commissioning and after bringing crew and equipment up to fighting efficiency began her first war patrol from New London 8 April 1943. Her mission on this patrol was to search out and destroy German submarines in the North Atlantic, but no contacts were gained and she arrived Helensburgh, Scotland, to terminate the patrol 29 April. She departed for her second patrol, off the Azores and again on antisubmarine patrol, 27 May 1943 and after encountering few submarines returned to New London 17 July.

Third and fourth war patrols, December 1943 – April 1944
Newly assigned to the Pacific, Hake departed New London 25 August 1943 for San Diego, via the Panama Canal. After a training period off the California coast, she sailed for the western Pacific 6 December. Hake armed at Pearl Harbor and departed for her third war patrol 27 December 1943. She sighted the transport Nigitsu Maru en route to Japan 11 January 1944 and after a day-long chase to gain position sank her the next day. The submarine then continued to her cruising grounds off the Philippine Islands, patrolling off Luzon and later moving south to Mindanao.

The night of 26 January she attacked a tanker, damaged her, and in turn suffered considerable damage from depth charge attacks before making her escape. Hake next encountered three ships with two escorts 1 February. With the three targets in a line of bearing after a perfect approach, the submarine launched a spread of six torpedoes, sinking two of the three, Tacoma Maru, and Nanka Maru. The attack achieved complete surprise and Hake was not attacked by the screening vessels. She then departed for Fremantle, Australia, terminating the patrol there 20 February 1944.

Hake's fourth war patrol was spent in the South China Sea near Singapore, following departure from Fremantle 18 March 1944. She encountered her first target 27 March off southwest Borneo, and it was a submariner's dream: an unescorted tanker. Two torpedoes sent the ship, Yamamizu Maru, to the bottom. After an attack on convoy Hi-55 during the night of 1 April in which Hake damaged several ships, she battled escorts and searched for more transports until 30 April, when she arrived at Fremantle.

Fifth and sixth war patrols, May – September 1944
For her fifth war patrol, commencing 23 May, Hake was assigned the area southwest of Mindanao. Her duty was to attack shipping and to act as a picket to alert American forces to the approach of the Japanese fleet, which was expected to sortie from Tawi Tawi to the Mariana Islands. Sighting destroyer Kazagumo 8 June, the sub closed for the attack and succeeded in sinking her adversary, but fierce attacks prevented her from sinking any of the accompanying destroyers. Hake also succeeded in sinking two transports during this patrol. Cargo ship Kinshu Maru was sunk 17 June after four hits, and a heavily laden troop transport was sunk 3 days later at the entrance to Davao Gulf. She returned to Fremantle 11 July 1944. During this patrol, Hake was the witness to the loss of USS Harder (SS-257).

Hake returned to her patrol area off the Philippines, departing 5 August. During this, her sixth war patrol, she attacked another destroyer, damaging it, but made few additional contacts because of extremely heavy air and surface patrolling by Japanese forces. She arrived at Fremantle Harbor 24 September 1944.

Seventh, eighth, and ninth war patrols, October 1944 – August 1945
Departing 20 October for her seventh war patrol, Hake encountered few contacts in her patrol area. Operating with USS Hardhead (SS-365) and the ill-fated USS Growler (SS-215), which was lost on the patrol, Hake spent a harrowing 16 hours 7 – 8 November, counting nearly 150 depth charges and sustaining considerable damage.

On 19 November Hake torpedoed Japanese light cruiser Isuzu west of Corregidor, damaging her rudder.

Hake was subsequently sent on a special mission off Panay Island, where she rendezvoused with Filipino guerrillas to bring on board 29 U.S. aviators shot down in recent air attacks. Her valuable cargo safe, Hake returned to Australia, arriving Fremantle 16 December.

Hake departed Fremantle for her eighth war patrol 12 January 1945. After searching the South China Sea (now almost denuded of targets) for almost a month, she headed for San Francisco, arriving 13 March. After overhaul she departed San Francisco some 2 months later and began her ninth war patrol in the Pacific 20 July 1945. Hake acted as lifeguard ship for the air strikes against Japan, and after the surrender had the distinction of being 1 of 12 submarines to witness the historic ceremonies on board the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) in Tokyo Bay.

Post-war service
Following the signing, Hake started on the long trek back to New London, via the Panama Canal. She decommissioned at New London 13 July 1946, entered the reserve fleet, and was taken out of reserve 15 October 1956 to serve as a Reserve Training Ship for 4th Naval District at Philadelphia, Pa. Her classification was changed to AGSS-256, auxiliary submarine, 6 November 1962. She continued to serve out of commission as a training ship for reservists at Philadelphia until she was struck from the Navy List 1 March 1967 to be sold.

Hake received seven battle stars for her service in World War II.

title: USS Hake


text:
Suuret suomalaiset

Suuret suomalaiset (Great Finns) was a 2004 television show broadcast in Finland by Yle (the Finnish Broadcasting Company), which determined the 100 greatest Finns of all time according to the opinions of its viewers. The viewers were able to vote during a programme which lasted from October to December 2004. The show was a Finnish spin-off of the BBC's programme Great Britons.

The winner
During the final stage of voting, people had the chance to vote for the following three leading candidates: Risto Ryti, C.G.E. Mannerheim and Urho Kekkonen. The winner was baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, a war hero, Marshal of Finland, and president.

Top Ten

 * 1) C.G.E. Mannerheim (1867–1951) (President of Finland, 1944–1946, and Marshal of Finland)
 * 2) Risto Ryti (1889–1956) (President of Finland, 1940–1944)
 * 3) Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986) (President of Finland, 1956–1982)
 * 4) Adolf Ehrnrooth (1905–2004) (infantry general, a figurehead for the Finnish veteran community)
 * 5) Tarja Halonen (1943–) (first female President of Finland, 2000–2012)
 * 6) Arvo Ylppö (1887–1992) (famed pediatrician)
 * 7) Mikael Agricola (1510–1557) (Protestant reformer and creator of literary Finnish language)
 * 8) Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) (world-famous composer of romantic music)
 * 9) Aleksis Kivi (1834–1872) (national author)
 * 10) Elias Lönnrot (1802–1884) (anthropologist)

Facetious voting and speculation on manipulated results
Everybody in the top ten can be regarded as "serious" candidates, but right after those first ten are a number of candidates that have probably been selected in a more humorous sense. Positions 11–14 are held by:
 * Position 11, Matti Nykänen (1963–2019) – A four-time Olympic gold medalist who is also known for his later ill-fated careers as a singer and a stripper. He is a person loved dearly by the Finnish sensationalist press.
 * Position 12, Väinö Myllyrinne (1909–1963) – The tallest Finnish person ever. In the Finnish language, the words "great", "tall" and "big" can all be expressed with the word "suuri", which is used in the name of the program. Thus, voting for Myllyrinne was a kind of joke.
 * Position 13, Ville Valo (1976–) – The vocalist of the famous Finnish alternative rock band HIM.
 * Position 14, Lalli – A mythical and possibly apocryphal figure who, according to a medieval legend, killed Bishop Henry in Finland in 1156.

After the results were published, much speculation started on the issue of whether Yle had manipulated the results to keep facetious candidates out of the top ten. Yle has condemned the accusations but has refused to publish the number of votes that candidates below top ten received.

The person most conspicuously not appearing on the list is the international diplomat and former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari, who has been a perennial favourite in Finland for the Nobel Peace Prize, and was finally awarded it in 2008.

Advocates
In broadcast order:
 * 1) Jari Tervo, (1959–) author, humorist and TV personality from the show Uutisvuoto (Have I Got News For You); for Arvo Ylppö
 * 2) Paula Lehtomäki, (1972–) current Minister for Foreign Trade and Development (Kesk.); for Urho Kekkonen
 * 3) Pirkko Saisio, (1949–) Finlandia-winning author; for Mikael Agricola
 * 4) Kaari Utrio, (1942–) author and feminist; for Tarja Halonen
 * 5) Jukka Virtanen, author, director and actor; for Aleksis Kivi
 * 6) Lasse Lehtinen, (1947–) author, Member of the European Parliament (PES); for Risto Ryti
 * 7) Sari Kaasinen, musician in the traditional music band Värttinä; for Elias Lönnrot
 * 8) Arto Nyberg, (1966–) journalist, TV personality, host of the talk show Arto Nyberg; for Adolf Ehrnrooth
 * 9) Pekka Kuusisto, (1976–) musician, composer, prize-winning violin player; for Jean Sibelius
 * 10) Riitta Uosukainen, (1942–) veteran politician (Kok.), first female Speaker of the Parliament of Finland; for C. G. E. Mannerheim

Other editions
Other countries have produced similar shows; see Greatest Britons spin-offs

title: Suuret suomalaiset


text:
Category:Greatest Nationals

This is list of the programmes or the copycat versions of the programme 100 Greatest Britons. 100 Worst Britons and Os Piores Portugueses are parodies of the show.

title: Category:Greatest Nationals