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Hooding

Hooding is the placing of a hood over the entire head of a prisoner. Hooding is widely considered to be a form of torture; one legal scholar considers the hooding of prisoners to be a violation of international law, specifically the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions, which demand that persons under custody or physical control of enemy forces be treated humanely. Hooding can be dangerous to a prisoner's health and safety. It is considered to be an act of torture when its primary purpose is sensory deprivation during interrogation; it causes "disorientation, isolation, and dread." According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, hooding is used to prevent a person from seeing, to disorient them, to make them anxious, to preserve their torturer's anonymity, and to prevent the person from breathing freely.

In 1997, the United Nations Committee Against Torture had concluded that hooding constituted torture, a position it reiterated in 2004 after the committee's special rapporteur had "received information on certain methods that have been condoned and used to secure information from suspected terrorists."

Hooding is a common prelude to execution.

Modern history
In the first half of the twentieth century, hooding was rarely used. During World War II, the Gestapo used it especially in the Breendonk prison in Belgium. It became more popular after World War II as a means of "stealthy torture," since it makes public testimony more difficult; the victim can testify only with difficulty as to who did what to them. In the 1950s, hooding was used in South Africa and French Algeria; in the 1960s, in Brazil and Franco's Spain, in the 1970s, in Northern Ireland, Chile, Israel, and Argentina; and since then in a great number of countries.

In some cases, hooding was accompanied by white noise, such as in Northern Ireland; such techniques used by British troops followed up on research done in Canada under the direction of Donald O. Hebb.

Argentina
After the 1989 attack on La Tablada Regiment, during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín, the military reacted violently and again hooded prisoners; its methods were called "an immediate return to the methodology used during the dictatorship."

Honduras
Battalion 3-16, the unit of the Honduran army which carried out assassinations and tortured political opponents in the 1980s, was trained by interrogators from the CIA and from Argentina, and made up in part of graduates of the School of the Americas. Hooding was taught to Battalion 3-16 by Argentineans, who used a hood made of rubber called la capucha, which induced suffocation.

Israel
In Israel, Shin Bet, the Israeli internal security service, uses hooding systematically (more systematically than the IDF), according to reports published by Human Rights Watch, who interviewed Palestinian detainees who had been hooded for extensive periods (four to five days at a time throughout their detention). They complained about hoods being dirty, having difficulty breathing, and suffering from headaches and pain in their eyes. The object, according to Human Rights Watch, wasn't so much the inability of victims to recognize their torturers, but to increase "psychological and physical pressure." According to Amnesty International's influential report Torture in the Eighties, hooding and other forms of ill-treatment became widespread again after the resignation of Menachem Begin in 1984.

Israeli troops are accused of using hooding in prisons in for instance Tulkarm (where 23-year-old Mustafa Barakat died while in custody, most of which he spent hooded ), Ashkelon (death of 17-year-old Samir Omar) and Gaza (death of Ayman Nassar); many deaths in Israeli detention centers involved hooded prisoners, such as Husniyeh Abdel Qader, who "was held in solitary confinement with her hands cuffed behind her back and her head in a dirty bag during the first four days of her detention." In turn, Palestinian authorities in the West Bank were accused of the same practice in 1995, according to media reports and organizations such as B'Tselem.

United Kingdom and Ireland
In the United Kingdom, hooding, one of the so-called "five techniques," was used as a means of interrogation during The Troubles, the period of violent conflict in Northern Ireland from 1966 to 1998, and notably so during Operation Demetrius. In the prison Long Kesh, now known as Maze, prisoners were subjected to hooding in 1971: "throughout their days and nights of interrogation torture, their heads were kept covered by thick, coarse cloth bags." Complaints quickly led the Heath government to order troops in 1971 "not to use hoods when interrogating prisoners." On behalf of fourteen of these, the Republic of Ireland filed suit against the British government at the European Commission of Human Rights, which found in 1976 that the British had been guilty of torturing political dissidents. When, in March 1972, Direct rule was instated, the practice did not cease altogether, and at the end of 1972 the European Commission of Human Rights accepted a second case on behalf of victims of the practice. In March 1972, the Parker report had concluded that the five techniques were in fact illegal under British law; on the same day the report was published, Prime Minister Edward Heath announced in the House of Commons that the techniques "will not be used in future as an aid to interrogation."

While the practice was thus officially banned since 1972, reports of its use by British troops appeared during the Iraq War. Hooding was discovered to have been applied in 2003 and 2004 to Iraqi prisoners who were held by American troops and questioned by intelligence officers from the British Secret Intelligence Service. Baha Mousa, an Iraqi civilian, died in British custody after being hooded and beaten.

United States
Most notably in recent history, hooding occurred at the Abu Ghraib prison and at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In 2003 already, Amnesty International had reported such abuse in a memorandum sent to Paul Bremer, then the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross also protested the hooding of U.S. prisoners.

In cases of extraordinary rendition by the United States, suspects are usually hooded, apparently as part of "standard operating procedures." Sometimes, however, suspects are abused and interrogated as well. The famous photograph of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed taken not long after his capture, where he appears "dazed and glum," was taken moments after his hood was removed; he was hooded continuously throughout the first days after his arrest by commandos from the United States and Pakistan.

Resistance to hooding is a standard element of the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape training undergone by elite US military.

Uruguay
According to a 1989 report by the Servicio Paz y Justicia Uruguay, hooding was the most common form of torture practiced in military and police centers in the 1970s.

title: Hooding


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Ministry of War

Ministry of War may refer to:
 * Ministry of War (imperial China) (c. 600–1912)
 * Chinese Republic Ministry of War (1912–1946)
 * Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria) (1808–1919)
 * Ministry of War (Brazil) (1815–1999)
 * Ministry of War (Estonia) (1918–1928; 1937-1940)
 * Ministry of War (France) (1791–1947)
 * Ministry of War (Italy) (1861–1947)
 * Ministry of War (pre-modern Japan) (702–1872)
 * Ministry of War (Japan) (1872–1945)
 * Ministry of War (Peru) (1920–1987)
 * War Ministry (Portugal) (1820–1974)
 * Prussian Ministry of War (1808–1919)
 * Ministry of War of the Russian Empire (1802–1917)
 * Ministry of War of Saxony (1831–1919)
 * Ministry of War of Württemberg (1806–1919)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ministry of War


text:
Category:English Restoration plays

This category contains plays written in England between 1660 and 1700.

title: Category:English Restoration plays


text: Category:Olympic wheelchair racers for Great Britain


text:
User talk:Evie~enwiki

Browsing.. someday, I'll work up the nerve to do some revising

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Evie~enwiki


text: Category:Star clouds

title: Category:Star clouds


text:
AP Films

AP Films or APF (renamed Century 21 Productions in 1966) was a British independent film production company of the 1950s until the early 1970s. The company became internationally known for its imaginative children's action-adventure marionette television series – most significantly Thunderbirds – produced for British ITV network companies Associated-Rediffusion, Granada, ABC and ATV. At its height, the company employed more than 200 staff.

Origins

Established in 1957 by editor-director Gerry Anderson and cinematographer Arthur Provis, following the liquidation of their employer Polytechnic Films, AP Films was set up, named after the initials of Anderson and Provis. They took with them producer Reg Hill, cinematographer John Read and secretary, then known as Sylvia Thamm. Thamm would later become Anderson's second wife. The company was created with the intention of it becoming a conventional film production house.

With no commissions and funds running low, APF were approached with an offer of collaboration with children's author Roberta Leigh and her colleague Suzanne Warner to produce the puppet TV series The Adventures of Twizzle for Associated-Rediffusion. With some reluctance, the company took on the commission and the programme was such a success that it immediately led to a further collaboration with Leigh for the first series of Torchy the Battery Boy.

In 1959, Provis left the company amicably following disagreements with Anderson over future strategy. APF then went on to make its first wholly independent production of Four Feather Falls, a puppet Western created by Barry Gray who was better known for his musical contributions to the company's productions, for Granada Television. In 1960, APF made a live-action thriller feature film, Crossroads to Crime, for Anglo-Amalgamated, and a series of TV advertisements for a London travel company.

Success
Returning to filming with puppets, but with a change in direction and the adoption of a technique by which mouth movements were synchronised with recorded dialogue in a process that Anderson dubbed "Supermarionation", the company then filmed its best-known productions – a succession of futuristic science-fiction action-adventure series, all made for ATV. Supercar was made between 1960 and 1961, Fireball XL5 in 1962, Stingray in 1964 – the first British children's TV series to be filmed exclusively in colour – and Thunderbirds between 1964 and 1966. Following the completion of Fireball XL5, ATV owner Lew Grade had purchased the company, becoming managing director, with the Andersons, Hill and Read remaining as directors.

Productions
The following were made under the AP Films name.
 * The Adventures of Twizzle, 1957–1958 (Associated-Rediffusion)
 * Torchy the Battery Boy, 1960 (ABC)
 * Four Feather Falls, 1960 (Granada)
 * Crossroads to Crime, 1960 (film)
 * Supercar, 1961–1962, (ATV)
 * Fireball XL5, 1962–1963 (ATV)
 * Stingray, 1964–1965 (ATV)
 * Thunderbirds (first series), 1965–1966 (ATV)

Century 21
Following completion of the first season of Thunderbirds, AP Films was renamed Century 21 Productions to align it with its growing merchandising sister companies Century 21 Merchandising, Century 21 Toys, Century 21 Music, and Century 21 Publications. In the second half of the 1960s, the company expanded its studios, increasing the number of filming stages to seven.

All Century 21's productions featured an opening ident of a field of pale concentric circles, which form a moving, off-centre tunnel against a blue background, into which flies a yellow dart which penetrates through a gap in the Century 21 logo already situated in front, at which point everything stops moving. This was accompanied by a typical Barry Gray string glissando and the caption "A Gerry Anderson Century 21 Television/Cinema Production" – the logo being part of that. This sequence was first used for the two Thunderbirds films that followed the series (Thunderbirds Are Go – premiering 12 December 1966 – and Thunderbird 6 in 1968), and two more Supermarionation series for ATV, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons (broadcast between 1967 and 1968) and Joe 90 in (1968–69).

A live-action film, Doppelgänger (a.k.a. Journey to the Far Side of the Sun) followed in 1969. That same year, Century 21 made its final puppet TV series, the rarely seen The Secret Service (which combined live action with puppetry), after which its puppet studios closed and its merchandising and publication subsidiaries contracted rapidly. Its first and only all-live action TV series, UFO (1970), proved to be its last production. Although a second series of UFO was planned, the project failed to progress beyond substantial pre-production work.

Group Three
At the start of the 1970s, on completion of their contracted tenure stemming from Lew Grade's 1962 buy-out, the Andersons and Reg Hill went on to form another company titled Group Three Productions (named after the three founders), with Gerry as chairman. Although no longer owned by Grade, the company maintained a close professional relationship with him. It produced The Protectors and the first series of Space: 1999.

Other notable people
Although most notable for its link with Gerry and Sylvia Anderson, the company features other notable figures in its history. Barry Gray composed and arranged the scores for all Anderson's independent productions up to and including the first series of Space: 1999 in 1975. Second unit director Brian Johnson would go on to become a leading special effects figure in film production in the United States. Christine Glanville, already an experienced puppeteer, joined the expanding company in the early days to supervise puppet operations, progressing into production management toward the end of Century 21's existence.

Derek Meddings joined the staff in the earliest days as a special effects assistant, painting miniatures on scenery, but ultimately became the department's director, developing significant advances in miniature effects technology. Prior to his death in 1995, he would later rise to the position of one of the foremost special effects experts in the film industry.

title: AP Films


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Median (disambiguation)

Median may refer to:

Mathematics and statistics

 * Median (statistics), in statistics, a number that separates the lowest- and highest-value halves
 * Median (geometry), in geometry, a line joining a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side
 * Median (graph theory), a vertex m(a,b,c) that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of a, b, and c
 * Median algebra, an algebraic triple product generalising the algebraic properties of the majority function
 * Median graph, undirected graph in which every three vertices a, b, and c have a unique median
 * Geometric median, a point minimizing the sum of distances to a given set of points

People

 * Median (rapper), a rapper from the U.S. city of Raleigh, North Carolina

Science and technology

 * Median (biology), an anatomical term of location, meaning at or towards the central plane of a bilaterally symmetrical organism or structure
 * Median filter, a nonlinear digital filtering technique used to reduce noise in images
 * Median nerve, a nerve in humans and other animals located in the upper limb, one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus

Other

 * Median language, the extinct Northwestern Iranian language of the Medes people
 * Median Empire or Median Kingdom, an ancient Iranian empire predating the First Persian Empire
 * Median consonant, a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue
 * Median strip, the portion of a divided roadway used to separate opposing traffic; the British equivalent is central reservation
 * Median triangle, an archaeological term referring to the area bounded by Hamadān, Malāyer and Kangāvar in Iran

title: Median (disambiguation)


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Median (geometry)

In geometry, a median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side, thus bisecting that side. Every triangle has exactly three medians, one from each vertex, and they all intersect at the triangle's centroid. In the case of isosceles and equilateral triangles, a median bisects any angle at a vertex whose two adjacent sides are equal in length. The concept of a median extends to tetrahedra.

Relation to center of mass
Each median of a triangle passes through the triangle's centroid, which is the center of mass of an infinitely thin object of uniform density coinciding with the triangle. Thus, the object would balance at the intersection point of the medians. The centroid is twice as close along any median to the side that the median intersects as it is to the vertex it emanates from.

Equal-area division
Each median divides the area of the triangle in half, hence the name, and hence a triangular object of uniform density would balance on any median. (Any other lines that divide triangle's area into two equal parts do not pass through the centroid.) The three medians divide the triangle into six smaller triangles of equal area.

Proof of equal-area property
Consider a triangle ABC. Let D be the midpoint of $$\overline{AB}$$, E be the midpoint of $$\overline{BC}$$, F be the midpoint of $$\overline{AC}$$, and O be the centroid (most commonly denoted G).

By definition, $$AD=DB, AF=FC, BE=EC $$. Thus $$[ADO]=[BDO], [AFO]=[CFO], [BEO]=[CEO],$$ and $$[ABE]=[ACE] $$, where $$[ABC]$$ represents the area of triangle $$\triangle ABC$$ ; these hold because in each case the two triangles have bases of equal length and share a common altitude from the (extended) base, and a triangle's area equals one-half its base times its height.

We have:
 * $$[ABO]=[ABE]-[BEO] $$

 * $$[ACO]=[ACE]-[CEO] $$

Thus, $$[ABO]=[ACO] $$ and $$[ADO]=[DBO], [ADO]=\frac{1}{2}[ABO]$$

Since $$[AFO]=[FCO], [AFO]= \frac{1}{2}[ACO]=\frac{1}{2}[ABO]=[ADO]$$, therefore, $$[AFO]=[FCO]=[DBO]=[ADO]$$. Using the same method, one can show that $$[AFO]=[FCO]=[DBO]=[ADO]=[BEO]=[CEO] $$.

Three congruent triangles
In 2014 Lee Sallows discovered the following theorem:
 * The medians of any triangle dissect it into six equal area smaller triangles as in the figure above where three adjacent pairs of triangles meet at the midpoints D, E and F. If the two triangles in each such pair are rotated about their common midpoint until they meet so as to share a common side, then the three new triangles formed by the union of each pair are congruent.

Formulas involving the medians' lengths
The lengths of the medians can be obtained from Apollonius' theorem as: $$m_a = \sqrt{\frac{2 b^2 + 2 c^2 - a^2}{4}}$$ $$m_b = \sqrt{\frac{2 a^2 + 2 c^2 - b^2}{4}}$$ $$m_c = \sqrt{\frac{2 a^2 + 2 b^2 - c^2}{4}}$$ where $$a, b,$$ and $$c$$ are the sides of the triangle with respective medians $$m_a, m_b,$$ and $$m_c$$ from their midpoints.

These formulas imply the relationships: $$a = \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{-m_a^2 + 2m_b^2 + 2m_c^2} = \sqrt{2(b^2+c^2)-4m_a^2} = \sqrt{\frac{b^2}{2} - c^2 + 2m_b^2} = \sqrt{\frac{c^2}{2} - b^2 + 2m_c^2}$$ $$b = \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{-m_b^2 + 2m_a^2 + 2m_c^2} = \sqrt{2(a^2+c^2)-4m_b^2} = \sqrt{\frac{a^2}{2} - c^2 + 2m_a^2} = \sqrt{\frac{c^2}{2} - a^2 + 2m_c^2}$$ $$c = \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{-m_c^2 + 2m_b^2 + 2m_a^2} = \sqrt{2(b^2+a^2)-4m_c^2} = \sqrt{\frac{b^2}{2} - a^2 + 2m_b^2} = \sqrt{\frac{a^2}{2} - b^2 + 2m_a^2}.$$

Other properties
Let ABC be a triangle, let G be its centroid, and let D, E, and F be the midpoints of BC, CA, and AB, respectively. For any point P in the plane of ABC then $$PA+PB+PC \leq 2(PD+PE+PF) + 3PG.$$

The centroid divides each median into parts in the ratio 2:1, with the centroid being twice as close to the midpoint of a side as it is to the opposite vertex.

For any triangle with sides $$a, b, c$$ and medians $$m_a, m_b, m_c,$$ $$\tfrac{3}{4}(a+b+c) < m_a + m_b + m_c < a+b+c \quad \text{ and } \quad \tfrac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right) = m_a^2 + m_b^2 + m_c^2.$$

The medians from sides of lengths $$a$$ and $$b$$ are perpendicular if and only if $$a^2 + b^2 = 5c^2.$$

The medians of a right triangle with hypotenuse $$c$$ satisfy $$m_a^2 + m_b^2 = 5m_c^2.$$

Any triangle's area T can be expressed in terms of its medians $$m_a, m_b$$, and $$m_c$$ as follows. If their semi-sum $$\left(m_a + m_b + m_c\right)/2$$ is denoted by $$\sigma$$ then $$T = \frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\sigma \left(\sigma - m_a\right)\left(\sigma - m_b\right)\left(\sigma - m_c\right)}.$$

Tetrahedron
A tetrahedron is a three-dimensional object having four triangular faces. A line segment joining a vertex of a tetrahedron with the centroid of the opposite face is called a median of the tetrahedron. There are four medians, and they are all concurrent at the centroid of the tetrahedron. As in the two-dimensional case, the centroid of the tetrahedron is the center of mass. However contrary to the two-dimensional case the centroid divides the medians not in a 2:1 ratio but in a 3:1 ratio (Commandino's theorem).

title: Median (geometry)


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User:Jengod/States from mixed families

 * Arizona: Mexican Cession + Gadsden Purchase
 * Colorado: Mexican Cession + Texas Annexation + Louisiana Purchase
 * Louisiana: Texas Annexation + Louisiana Purchase
 * Montana: Oregon Country + Louisiana Purchase
 * Minnesota: Red River Basin + State Cessions
 * New Mexico: Mexican Cession + Texas Annexation + Louisiana Purchase
 * North Dakota: Red River Basin + Louisiana Purchase
 * Wyoming: Mexican Cession + Texas Annexation + Louisiana Purchase

Mississippi, Alabama?

title: User:Jengod/States from mixed families


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Talk:United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations

"ANTIFA of Germany"
Someone added "ANTIFA of Germany" and the date "Dec 30 2020" to the list. Please add a source for this, otherwise it seems to be a fake. Also, the organization "ANTIFA of Germany" does not exist. There was an organization "Antifaschistische Aktion" in Germany, which stopped its activity almost 90 years ago. I wonder how an organization that does not exist (or does not exist anymore) ended up in the list. What organization will be added next? Judean People's Front? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:C9:EF28:CA00:7584:6C26:E0CF:EC09 (talk) 10:20, 2 January 2021 (UTC)

Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad
It seems that the state department has added another group to the list. Press release. It is also known as the al-Zarqawi network. This is not yet in the official list (linked from the bottom of http://www.state.gov/s/ct/ ). When it is, it should be placed in the article list. --ChrisRuvolo 00:47, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Updated. --ChrisRuvolo 07:15, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Foreign=Non US
This is an international encyclopaedia. We shouldn't use 'foreign' to mean 'non-US'. Shall I change this myself? jguk 23:52, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * That is the official title of the list, which is a list based on US Federal law and maintained by the US State department. I think the first paragraph makes that clear. See . An alternative might be to rename it to U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, albeit lengthy. --ChrisRuvolo 01:42, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Batasuna
I understood that Batasuna was included in the list. I guess that it is considered a part of ETA, not worthy of differentiation. --Error 01:50, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

FAC/FLC
This really looks pretty nice. I was going to suggest nominating it for WP:FLC, but it's not so much a list as an article about a list, so maybe better for WP:FAC. In any case, it needs a references section, but that should be easy enough (presumably, the State Department has a webpage or two that could be a reference). Tuf-Kat 18:19, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Category
I know several permutations of "terrorist organization" category's have been deleted form wikipedia for POV reasons, however I think adding Category:Organizations proscribed by the U.S. government might be worthwhile here. There are real consequences people/cooperations interacting with these organizations that result from their inclusion on the list. Thoughts. Dalf | Talk 02:59, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

27% is not "most"
"As of early 2006, most (27%) of the organizations on the list are Islamist groups in the Middle East". The word "most" means greater than 50%, this should be re-worded along the lines of "As of early 2006, Islamist groups in the Middle Eastern account for 27% of the list,". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.104.102.151 (talk • contribs)

 * Feel free to edit the page yourself, Wikipedia is publicly editable. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 20:14, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Kurdistan is not a country its a region
Yeah so it should be changed so that the Kurdish terror group are from 'Iraq'. You don't say the IRA are from Ireland, or ETA is from Basque. Tourskin 00:53, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It depends! If an organization is active throughout a region and does not divide itself by national boundaries, then it makes sense to describe it as coming from the region. For instance, if a group is active on all of Borneo including the parts belonging to Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei, but is not active in other parts of Malaysia and Indonesia, then it makes sense to say that group is from Borneo. --FOo 05:34, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

27%
The given list is from the 11th of October, 2005. At he introduction it is said that "as of early...". I asume it means according to the given list (or was it changed in between).

Anyway, what I don't get is the "27% of the organizations on the list are Islamist groups in the Middle East". What is the source? There are 44 organizations on the list. A 27% of 44 is 12.

Looking at the countries, there are 15 organizations from the middle east (from Egypt to Iran). But we have to exclude the non islamist ones. It is, a jewish one (14 left) and several palestinian nationalist ones (ANO, PLF, PLFP, PLFP-GC, amb maybe even the al-aqsa martirs, as they are part of al-fatah). So there are only 10 left. And this is a 23% (not a 27%).

On the other hand, if we count all the islamist groups, from anywhere in the world, it adds up to 24, what is a majority, and could be so stated. --81.38.171.93 17:57, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Wrong data
In 23 July 2006 User:Le Anh-Huy added false information about turkestan organizations that has remained. The origianl US SD list lists 42 organizations. He added 2 more. I'll remove them. About their status, check and. --81.38.171.93 18:32, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

CIRA on list?
I find it hard to believe that the Continuity Irish Republican Army is on the list, when their supporters in the USA are online at: http://irishfreedom.net/ with a PO Box address at Woodside New York?.86.42.208.131 (talk) 11:07, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Read me Kernel Saunters (talk) 12:12, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks. The CIRA is still listed here in August 2009: or here. Clearly some proscribed groups are more equal than others.86.42.254.144 (talk) 13:54, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

42/44
At this site it's only 42 but here it's 44 check it it out.User talk:Yousaf465

Regional groupings
I have to question the organization of the FTOs by geographic regions. First of all, I am unable to find these regional groupings anywhere on the State Dept website. (If the State Dept does not break these groups into regions, I would argue that this constitutes original research.) Secondly, it is debatable that some of these countries are actually in those regions. For example, Pakistan and Uzbekistan could be considered Asian countries and do not fit into the traditional definition of the Middle East.--RDavi404 (talk) 15:41, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

Delisted Groups
If there are no objections, I believe that a section for delisted organizations should be added. The State Department's |list has eight groups at the bottom that they note as once listed as FTOs, but now removed (with dates). Notable groups include the Japanese Red Army, Khmer Rouge, and the recently-delisted Mujahideen-e Khalq. It also looks like the Armed Islamic Group is off the list as well (perhaps because they effectively became the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, which in turn became al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb)?Konchevnik81 (talk) 18:21, 13 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Added. I also added three groups missing from the active list (Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid, Islamic Jihad Union, and Abdullah Azzam), and deleted the two Ulster groups as they are not on the current or delisted lists from the State Department.Konchevnik81 (talk) 21:01, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

Tables Updates
The lists seemed a little clunky, so I reformatted as sortable tables. Three groups were removed: 32 Counties (it's considered by the US to be a front for the Real IRA), Lord's Resistance Army (Kony is considered a "Specially Designated Terrorist", but his group isn't listed as an FTO, and the Party of Free Life of Kurdistan (which has US Treasury prohibitions, but again is not designated an FTO by the US State Department).Konchevnik81 (talk) 21:02, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

African National Congress
With the passing of Nelson Mandela, a lot of interest has increased around allegations of connections of him and of the ANC to terrorism.

Please refrain from adding the ANC to the tables. It is true that the ANC was considered a terrorist organization by the US government in the 1980s, and that Mandela wasn't taken off US government watchlists until 2008, but from all the sources that I can see, that does not seem to apply to the US State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, which was created in 1997, after Apartheid had ended and when the ANC was already the ruling party in South Africa.

According to|NBC, the list in question appears to be a Defense Department list, not a State Department list (State distanced itself from the "ANC are terrorists" characterization). The original 1988 list is |here, and as you can see it includes numerous organizations in addition to the ANC that never made it to the State list, including ASALA, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, and the arguably best-named terrorist group "|Alfaro Lives, Damn It!" This (and other information about pre-1997 US State Department terrorist lists) might be good in a text section ("history" or some such) but doesn't belong in the table.Konchevnik81 (talk) 16:16, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Updates
OK, I added some references for the opening sections (which are mostly just reprints of State Department FAQs). I also added some heft to the Criticism section, so that it's more than just a Chomsky quote. I also started a "controversies" section, as there have been specific controversies around MEK being taken off the list, and about Boko Haram not being added to the list until 2013. Those sections and the references provided should help to make this more than just a reprint of State Department documents.Konchevnik81 (talk) 16:43, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

Al-Qaida and Isil on list
From 2012: https://web.archive.org/web/20120412233859/http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm
 * 35. al-Qaida in Iraq (AQI)
 * 36. al-Qa’ida (AQ)
 * 37. al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
 * 38. al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (formerly GSPC)

This is why it's wrong to simply delete groups rather than tracking the changes in names with dates. There are now cnspiracy theories circulating about why Islamic State isn't on the list, when in truth it's been on the list since December 2004 under its earlier name. The next time someone tells me something is true because he read it in Wikipedia - "and it was footnoted!" - I'm going to point him to this debacle. Look at the view stats: http://stats.grok.se/en/latest90/United_States_State_Department_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations I'd guess most of those were people looking for when Islamic State was added, and finding nothing. You can use archive.org to recreate the timeline for all these groups. 71.23.178.214 (talk) 02:05, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

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Outdated template

 * I see you added the outdated tag (as of February 2020). I have updated the table to the latest FTOs list. Is there anything that needs an update? Or can we remove the template? Thanks. --MarioGom (talk) 21:03, 11 October 2020 (UTC)

May 20, 2022 delistings
The USSD delisted Basque Fatherland and Liberty, Aum Shinrikyo, Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem, Kahane Chai, and Gama’a al-Islamiyya, and the list has not been updated to reflect that. Can somebody take care of that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.90.89.69 (talk) 01:28, 13 June 2022 (UTC)


text:
Gus Zernial

Gus Edward Zernial (June 27, 1923 – January 20, 2011) was an American professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball, most notably for the Philadelphia Athletics with whom he remained when they moved west and became the Kansas City Athletics in 1955.

Nicknamed "Ozark Ike" after the popular comic strip character, Zernial was one of the most prolific power hitters of the 1950s, joining Hall of Famers Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra and Larry Doby in the American League for most home runs in the decade.

Minor leagues
Before being called up to the major leagues, Zernial played in the Pacific Coast League, the highly successful minor league circuit. In the HBO series When It Was a Game, Zernial states that he took a pay cut to come to the majors.

Major leagues
After he hit 29 homers for the White Sox in 1950, Zernial was sent to the Athletics in a trade that brought Minnie Miñoso to Chicago in 1951. That year Zernial led the league in home runs (33), runs batted in (129), extra base hits (68), and outfield assists (17). In 1952 he hit 29 homers with 100 RBIs, and in 1953 he hit 42 home runs with 108 RBIs.

Zernial was the first major leaguer to hit four home runs in the month of October during the regular season, since 1900, which he accomplished during a doubleheader on October 1, 1950. Ron Kittle would become the second player to do this in 1985.

Zernial and Al Zarilla teamed up in April 1951 to become the only players whose last names started with "Z" to play together in the same outfield. Zernial and Zarilla played left and right field, respectively, as part of a White Sox outfield unit in four games before Zernial was traded to the Philadelphia A's at the end of April.

Sal Maglie, former star pitcher for the New York Giants, wrote that Zernial had a "pretty big" strike zone, due to his stand-up posture when he was at the plate.

Career overview
An aggressive fielder, Zernial twice (1949 and 1954) broke his collarbone while making diving catches. He finished his career in Detroit, primarily as a pinch hitter, hitting .323 with 10 home runs in his new role.

Zernial was a career .265 hitter (1093-for-4131) with 237 home runs, 776 RBI, 572 runs, 159 doubles, 22 triples, 15 stolen bases and 383 bases on balls in 1234 games.

Zernial is featured in one of the most unusual baseball cards of all time. His 1952 Topps card shows Zernial holding a bat that has six baseballs attached to it. This photo recognized that he had tied an American League record by hitting six home runs in three consecutive games from May 13–16, 1951. The day after the picture was taken, he hit his seventh home run in a fourth consecutive game.

Zernial has the third most home runs of all time among players whose last name begins with the letter Z. His 237 are third only to Todd Zeile who finished his career with 253 and Ryan Zimmerman who finished his career with 284.

Zernial was the first player to hit three home runs in the final game of a season, a record equalled by Dick Allen in 1968 and Evan Longoria and Dan Johnson in 2012.

In a postscript to his acclaim noted above as the "new DiMaggio", Zernial figured, coincidentally, in Joe DiMaggio meeting his legendary future wife Marilyn Monroe. The "handsome" young Zernial was chosen to pose with rising star Monroe in a movie-studio publicity shot. DiMaggio was so struck by Marilyn in the photo, as well as so envious of Zernial's opportunity, that he asked the rival outfielder how to reach Marilyn.

Later honors
When the Oakland Athletics played the Philadelphia Phillies for the first time in interleague play in June 2003 at Veterans Stadium, the Phillies invited former Philadelphia A's Eddie Joost and Zernial to the games and recognized them prior to the first game.

Death
Zernial was diagnosed with cancer in 1990. He died on January 20, 2011, from complications related to congestive heart failure.

title: Gus Zernial


text: Category:Olympic wheelchair racers for France


text:
Mondsee (town)

Mondsee is a town in the Vöcklabruck district in the Austrian state of Upper Austria located on the shore of the lake Mondsee. The town is home to the medieval Mondsee Abbey, whose cloister church was used for the site of the wedding in The Sound of Music.

The town is also known for the SKGLB railway museum and for prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements at Mondsee, which are part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

One of its past sons is Alexander Strähuber (1814–1882), the history painter and book illustrator, and from 1865 to 1882 professor at the Munich Royal Academy of Fine Arts.

Neighbouring municipalities

 * Unterach am Attersee
 * Tiefgraben
 * Innerschwand
 * Sankt Lorenz

title: Mondsee (town)


text: User talk:64.42.155.148

title: User talk:64.42.155.148


text: Category:Olympic wheelchair racers for Mexico


text:
Talk:Natsume Atari

from VfD:

Software company? [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 00:54, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * D If known good article must should more write well. Chris 01:33, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No vote. Natsume is a video game company. It hasn't published any huge hits, but its Harvest Moon games are cult classics. This has the potential to be a keepable article, if someone wants to clean it up; if not, delete it, because sometimes an article like this is worse than no article at all, in my opinion. Garrett Albright 03:47, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a real video game company, and it's published a few noteworthy games. If I recall correctly, Harvest Moon got some press back when it first came out. Also, I rewrote the entry to be NPOV and a bit more informative. Harvest Moon itself probably deserves at least a small entry, too.
 * I notice now that Harvest Moon already has an entry. Even more definitely keep. (That, and I forgot to sign). Modargo 08:05, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable company. My brother owns a Harvest Moon game. Could do with serious expansion though. It barley escapes the substub label. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 12:08, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Doesn't remotely fulfil any of the criteria for deletion.  (actually an important games publisher.)--Tomheaton 16:16, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Yes, it needs expansion... but, hey, they developed the Harvest Moon games. seems notable - 'Natsume game' gets about 71,500 hits on Google. --Sparky the Seventh Chaos 16:39, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It indeed needs an expansion, but it IS a notable company. Nadavspi 19:20, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Radman1 14:58, 18 Oct 2004 (PST)
 * KEEP! How about Googling these things before trying to delete them? Natsume's an important company in the games industry. Andre ( talk )A| 14:43, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Natsume is definitely a notable video game company. Take for example the classic Pocky & Rocky for the SNES. You should really Google or check for example Gamefaqs before trying to delete articles. The article should of course be expanded, though. Zelda 20:33, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Needs distinction between Natsume Inc. and Natsume Co., Ltd
this article refers to Natsume Inc. (USA) as a subsidiary of Natsume Co., Ltd (Japan, now Natsume Atari) and treats them pretty much as the same entity, but they currently aren't, and apparently haven't been for quite some time:

Interview with Natsume Inc. CEO Hiro Maekawa

"Natsume Inc. acts independently of Natsume Co. Ltd. There is a relationship between both companies but Natsume Inc. is not a subsidiary of Natsume Co. Ltd. Natsume Inc. is free to develop and license titles from any partners we see fit. Thus, all decision making starts and ends with the office in the U.S."

I recall reading somewhere that Natsume Inc was founded as a subsidiary of Natsume Co., Ltd but they became independent sometime in the mid-90s, but I can't find the source of this - but at a guess it's probably the 1994 date Maekawa took over the company or the 1995 date it was "re-organised" as per Maekawa's interview. 82.11.93.218 (talk) 22:30, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
 * It's best to cover the split as a section within this article until there is enough reliable, secondary source coverage to write a separate article about whichever would split off. czar  22:03, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

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Split the US company into its own article?
This article is basically trying to cover two completely separate game companies, and the fact that their names are so similar and that they've changed their names as well just adds to the confusion, splitting it into 2 articles would be better in my opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.37.33.132 (talk) 08:14, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree that the article should be split. These companies were once directly related, but it's been nearly 25 years since that stopped being true. The fact that both are still around as independent entities suggests they're deserving of their own separate articles. Damnedfan1234 (talk) 20:23, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Natsume Atari


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ez2Find

Ez2Find
Another search engine. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 00:55, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * D Not really an advert, but certainly not notable enough otherwise. Chris 01:32, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikipedia is not a web guide. There isn't enough of a reason in the article for the world to need its discussion.  Has it made the news somehow?  Has it done something unique?  From the article, it just looks like another search engine. Geogre 17:21, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Couldn't even be bothered to include a link to the search engine's page. Delete.  RickK 23:12, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Search engine no one knows about. jni 08:28, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Search engine. anthony (see warning) 21:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ez2Find


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flrrd

Flrrd
A neologism. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 00:55, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, for crying out.... Okay. If this said something like "a humorous mistyping of "flees"" before it was speedied, then I know where this came from—not the specific person, but I can probably find out and give them a little talking-to.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:07, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Original content was: "Flrrd, often pronounced flerd, means to flee desperately. It originated as a typo in the College Roomies from Hell community and has spread to other online communities. According to the originator, a person only known as "Tchernobyl", his hand shifted while typing the word flees, thus creating this now commonly-used term."
 * You go, Gwalla. Geogre 22:41, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flrrd


text: Category:Olympic wheelchair racers for Canada


text:
Bloody Roar

Bloody Roar (ブラッディロア) is a series of fighting games created by Hudson Soft and developed together with Eighting. The series has been published by multiple companies including Activision, Konami, SCEA, and Virgin Interactive. Konami holds the rights to the franchise after Hudson Soft was absorbed into the former company in 2012.

The series began in 1997 under the name Beastorizer. The game incorporates anthropomorphism as its main gameplay feature and theme, where the playable characters are Zoanthropes (the name comes from the clinical term, 'zoanthropy', which is similar to lycanthropy), humans who have the ability to transform into half-human, half-animal creatures (anthropomorphic animals). This form is called a beast form, and Zoanthropes are capable of switching between their human and beast forms. The game would appear under the name "Bloody Roar" when it was ported to the PlayStation in 1998, which would become the permanent title for the series thereafter.

Gameplay
Bloody Roar has kept somewhat the same controls over the series. A button each for both punch and kick, the beast (transform/attack) button, and a fourth button that has been either a throw button, a block button, an evade button (introduced for some characters in Bloody Roar 4), or a rave button (an early version of Hyper Beast form in the original Bloody Roar only).

Bloody Roar is a 3D fighting game series in the same vein as Dead or Alive, Soulcalibur, Tekken, and Virtua Fighter. Although some characters have remained mostly identical throughout all five games, others have changed vastly. For example, Yūgo has a new moveset with many different moves in Extreme/Primal Fury and 4 compared to his original in previous games, but Bakuryū has stayed almost the same apart from a few extra moves which are relevant to the games' evolution over time.

Characters in Bloody Roar have standard moves and command moves. Standard moves are combination style moves from fighting games such as Tekken, where the player must press different buttons to create "combos", sometimes pressing the directional pad in one of eight directions at the same time. Command moves are special moves that require a rolling technique with the directional pad while inputting certain commands, like Street Fighter. Each character has fourteen "suggested" combination techniques listed in the manuals for each game, most of these can vary in many different ways, allowing around forty to seventy combination techniques with each character. Every character also has at least eight command moves, which can be incorporated into cancel points for standard moves or combos. There are around twenty to forty cancel points in each character's combo palette. These cancel points, when utilized with command moves, can then be cancelled once more, allowing the player to begin a new strategy with adequate timing. As well as this, the combat system has two types of dodging techniques: a heavy and light block that spans over three parts of the body, instead of the typical two in most fighting games; and "Scratch" techniques, which can break guards from dead angles and is a series of command counters, throws, and vanishing attacks. Bloody Roar 4, the latest game in the series, may be the most complex one with the largest fighter roster of eighteen characters, and the ability to earn more moves by earning experience in "Career Mode".

Other media
Bloody Roar was adapted into a manga drawn and written by Maruyama Tomowo. It was originally published in Monthly Shōnen Jump. A few themes were used from the games, but the scenarios and characters in Maruyama's version were completely new, although a few of his characters looked similar to the characters from the games. The main stars of the manga were a lone wolf zoanthrope named Fang and a rabbit girl zoanthrope named Mashiro. Their adventures had them fighting out-of-control zoanthropes and trying to stop an evil creature from being released by a gathering of talismans. The manga was released in two volumes during 2001.

Concept artwork and illustrations for the first three games were drawn by artist Naochika Morishita (known under the pseudonym CARAMEL MAMA), and he also created the art used for the in-game cutscenes in 2 and 3.

For their 2000 single "My Console", the Italian eurodance group Eiffel 65 included Bloody Roar along with several other popular PlayStation titles in the song's lyrics.

Yūgo appears as a playable character in the 2003 crossover fighting game DreamMix TV World Fighters.

title: Bloody Roar


text:
Journey to the Far Side of the Sun

Journey to the Far Side of the Sun (also known as Doppelgänger) is a 1969 British science fiction film directed by Robert Parrish and starring Roy Thinnes, Ian Hendry, Lynn Loring, Loni von Friedl and Patrick Wymark. It was written by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and Donald James, and produced by the Andersons for Century 21.

Set in the year 2069, the film concerns a joint European-NASA mission to investigate a newly discovered planet which lies directly opposite Earth on the far side of the Sun. The mission ends in disaster and the death of one of the astronauts, following which his colleague realises that the planet is a mirror image of Earth in every detail, with a parallel and duplicate timeline.

The film was the first major live-action production by the Andersons, known for their puppet television programmes such as Thunderbirds. Having originally conceived the story as a television play, they were encouraged by their employer Lew Grade to pitch the project as a feature film to Jay Kanter of Universal Pictures. Though underwhelmed by the script, Kanter greenlit the film after the Andersons hired Parrish as director. The film was shot between July and October 1968 at Pinewood Studios and on location in England and Portugal. As filming progressed, the working relationship between Parrish and the Andersons became strained. Meanwhile, creative disagreements between Gerry Anderson and business partner John Read, the director of photography, led to Read's resignation from Century 21. In an effort to distinguish the film from their puppet productions, the Andersons wrote adult themes into the script, although cuts were required for the film to be awarded an A certificate by the British Board of Film Censors.

The film premiered in August 1969 in the United States and October 1969 in the United Kingdom. It performed poorly at the box office during its initial theatrical run but has since garnered a cult following. The film has received mixed reviews from critics; while the special effects and production design have been praised, some commentators have judged the parallel Earth premise to be clichéd and uninspired. Various plot devices and imagery have been viewed as pastiches of other science fiction films, such as 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Several members of the cast went on to appear in UFO, the Andersons' first live-action TV series, which also re-used many of the film's props.

Plot
In 2069, the European Space Exploration Council's (EUROSEC) Sun Probe discovers a planet in the same orbital path as Earth on the far side of the Sun. The findings are transmitted to a power in the East by double agent Dr Hassler. Tracing the messages to Hassler's laboratory, Security Chief Mark Neuman corners the scientist and kills him.

EUROSEC director Jason Webb convinces NASA representative David Poulson that the West must send a crewed mission to the planet before Hassler's allies in the East. NASA astronaut Colonel Glenn Ross and EUROSEC astrophysicist Dr John Kane are assigned to the mission. After undergoing training at the EUROSEC Space Centre in Portugal, Ross and Kane blast off in the spacecraft Phoenix. They are put into an artificial hibernation for the outbound journey, with "Heart-Lung-Kidney" machines maintaining their vital functions. Three weeks later, Phoenix reaches the planet and Ross and Kane are revived. Scans for life prove inconclusive, so the astronauts decide to make a surface landing in their auxiliary craft, Dove. During its descent, Dove is damaged in a thunderstorm and crashes in a mountain range, seriously injuring Kane. The astronauts are picked up by a human rescue team, who tell Ross they have landed near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It appears that Ross and Kane have returned to Earth, and they are flown back to the Space Centre.

Neuman and EUROSEC official Lise Hartman question Ross, who denies that he aborted the mission. Later, Kane dies of his injuries. Ross discovers that people are now driving on the wrong side of the road and that he can no longer read printed text because it is all backwards. He comes to the realisation that he is indeed on the unknown planet, a Counter-Earth where every detail is a mirror image of his Earth. Ross's wife Sharon refuses to accept his claims, but Webb is convinced when Ross demonstrates his ease in reading reflected text and Kane's post mortem examination reveals that his internal organs are on the "wrong" side of his body. Ross theorises that the two Earths are parallel and that his counterpart from this world is experiencing similar events on his Earth. Webb proposes that Ross retrieve the flight recorder from the orbiting Phoenix and return home.

EUROSEC builds a new Dove designed to be compatible with the reversed technologies of Phoenix. Modifications include reverse-polarisation of the electrical circuits. Ross blasts off in the spacecraft, which he has named Doppelganger, and attempts to dock with Phoenix. However, the electrical systems malfunction, crippling the spacecraft, causing it to fall back towards the Space Centre. EUROSEC are unable to correct the fault and Doppelganger crashes into a parked spacecraft, killing Ross and starting a chain reaction that destroys much of the Space Centre. All records of Ross's presence on the Counter-Earth are lost in the disaster.

Years later, former EUROSEC director Jason Webb, now confined to a wheelchair and in a much diminished mental state, is admitted to a nursing home. He sees his reflection in a mirror. He rolls forward quickly, trying to touch his doppelganger, but crashes into the mirror and dies.

Credited

 * Roy Thinnes as Colonel Glenn Ross
 * Ian Hendry as Dr John Kane
 * Patrick Wymark as Jason Webb
 * Lynn Loring as Sharon Ross
 * Loni von Friedl as Lise Hartman
 * Franco De Rosa as Paulo Landi
 * George Sewell as Mark Neuman
 * Ed Bishop as David Poulson
 * Philip Madoc as Dr Pontini
 * Vladek Sheybal as Dr Beauville
 * George Mikell as Dr Bernhardt Brisson
 * Herbert Lom as Dr Kurt Hassler

Uncredited

 * Keith Alexander as Launch Controller
 * Edward Cast as Security Vaults Sergeant
 * Peter Burton as Medical Technician
 * Anthony Chinn as Air-Sea Rescue Crew Member
 * Nicholas Courtney as Medical Technician
 * Arnold Diamond as Clavel (Paris delegate)
 * Cy Grant as Dr Gordon
 * Constantine Gregory as Launch Control Technician
 * Annette Kerr as Nurse
 * Martin King as Dove Service Technician
 * Basil Moss as Assistant Doctor
 * Norma Ronald as Pam Kirby
 * John Stone as London Delegate
 * Jeremy Wilkin as Launch Control Technician

Production
In 1967, producer Jay Kanter arrived in London to set up a European office for Universal Pictures. Kanter was open to funding promising film ideas, so Lew Grade, the Andersons' employer and financial backer, set up a meeting for Gerry Anderson to pitch a story about a hypothetical "mirror" Earth. On the inspiration for the film, Anderson said: "I thought, rather naively, what if there was another planet on the other side of the Sun, orbiting at exactly the same speed and the same size as Earth? That idea then developed into the planet being a replicated Earth and that's how it ended up, a mirrored planet".

The earliest version of the script was written by Tony Williamson. At one point it ran to 194 pages, enough for a three-hour film. The Andersons had conceived the story as a one-hour drama for Associated Television, but Sylvia thought the premise "too good for a television play" and suggested making it as a feature film instead. John Read, the Andersons' business partner, proposed the title "Doppelgänger". According to Gerry, the term "means 'a copy of oneself', and the legend goes that if you meet your doppelganger, it is the point of your death. Following that legend, clearly, I had to steer the film so that I could end it illustrating the meaning of that word". Responding to claims that the tone was overly "dark", Anderson said that he wanted the film to have an interesting premise.

Kanter was dissatisfied with the Williamson script, so the Andersons' began to re-write it themselves and brought in Donald James as a co-writer to improve the characterisation. The revisions included substantial changes to the parts set on the mirror Earth, essentially causing the characters of Ross and Kane to switch roles. In the original script, Ross was blinded in the Dove crash, while Kane survived but was declared insane. A structural defect in Doppelganger caused it to burn up in the atmosphere with Kane inside, and the film ended with Kane's wife, the Rosses and Webb attending his funeral.

Despite James's efforts, Kanter remained unenthusiastic. However, he agreed to finance the film provided that the Andersons chose a "bankable" director who met with his approval. Gerry's first choice was David Lane, who had directed Century 21's puppet films Thunderbirds Are Go (1966) and Thunderbird 6 (1968), but Kanter wanted an experienced mainstream director. After weeks of searching, in June 1968 the Andersons hired Robert Parrish, who had co-directed Casino Royale (1967). According to Gerry, Parrish "told us he loved the script and said it would be an honour to work with us. Jay Kanter gave Bob the thumbs up and we were in business". Anderson said that while the negative critical response to Casino Royale raised questions about Parrish's ability, Doppelgänger could not have been made without him: "It wasn't a question of, 'Will we get on with him?' or, 'Is he the right man?' He was a name director, so we signed him up immediately".

Casting
Leading the cast was Roy Thinnes as Colonel Glenn Ross of NASA. Thinnes was cast on the basis of his starring role in The Invaders and his resemblance to Paul Newman. In the Andersons' script, Ross's first name was Stewart and he was the first person on Mars. In a 2008 interview, Thinnes said of the film: "I thought [it] was an interesting premise, although now we know that there isn't another planet on the other side of the Sun, through our space exploration and telescopic abilities. But at that time it was conceivable, and it could have been scary". To reflect the script's characterisation of Ross as a heavy smoker, Thinnes went through numerous packets of cigarettes over the course of the production, to the detriment of his health. In September 1969, The Age reported that the actor would demand a non-smoking clause for his next film: "He smokes about two packets a day, but the perpetual lighting up of new cigarettes for continuity purposes was too much".

Ian Hendry was cast as Dr John Kane, a British astrophysicist and head of the Phoenix project. In his biography, Anderson recalled that Hendry "was always drinking" and was visibly intoxicated during the filming of the Dove crash sequence: "... he was pissed as a newt, and it was as much as he could do to stagger away. Despite all that, it looked exactly as it was supposed to on screen." In the original script, Kane's first name was Philip and he had a wife called Susan. Scenes deleted from the finished film showed the character pursuing a romance with EUROSEC official Lise Hartman, played by Loni von Friedl, whom the Andersons cast in Berlin.

Ross's wife Sharon was played by Lynn Loring. The role had first gone to either Gayle Hunnicutt or Tisha Sterling, but the original actress quit early in the production after falling ill. This led to the casting of Loring, Thinnes' then wife and a star of TV series The F.B.I. An earlier version of the script had the character appear in a nude scene, written into the film to distinguish it from the Andersons' previous productions. In a 1968 interview in the Daily Mail, Gerry expressed a desire to change the public's perception of Century 21, saying that his company had been "typecast as makers of children's films". On rumours that the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) would give the film an X certificate for mature content, he stated that it was Century 21's desire to "work with live artists doing subjects unsuitable for children". The finished film replaced the nude scene with milder shots showing Sharon stepping into and out of a shower. A subplot concerns the Rosses' attempts to conceive a child and Glenn's discovery that Sharon has been taking birth control pills. The original script described Sharon as the daughter of a United States senator and had her begin an affair with EUROSEC public relations officer Carlo Monetti. In the finished film, this character, played by Franco De Rosa, is renamed Paulo Landi and appears only briefly; the affair is implied in one scene but not explored further. In a deleted scene, Glenn finds Paolo and Sharon in bed together at the Rosses' villa and throws them both into a swimming pool.

Patrick Wymark played Jason Webb, the director of EUROSEC. Wymark was cast for his performance as antiheroic businessman John Wilder in the TV dramas The Plane Makers and The Power Game, which were liked by the Andersons. Publicity material described the character as "John Wilder (2069 model)". According to Gerry, Wymark's heavy drinking caused him to slur his lines: in one scene, the actor "had to list these explanations ... and on take after take he couldn't remember that 'two' followed 'one'. We had to do it over and over again". Anderson's biographers, Simon Archer and Marcus Hearn, consider Wymark's portrayal of Webb to be the film's standout performance. The original script described Webb as a former Minister of Technology who is romantically involved with his secretary, Pam Kirby (Norma Ronald, who had played Wilder's secretary in The Plane Makers and The Power Game). This subplot was one of several that were cut to avoid an X certificate.

The supporting cast included George Sewell, Philip Madoc and Ed Bishop, who respectively played EUROSEC operations chief Mark Neuman (Mark Hallam in the original script), Dr Pontini, and NASA representative David Poulson. Sewell and Madoc had both appeared in The Power Game. Poulson was to have been played by Peter Dyneley, but the producers thought that he bore a strong resemblance to Wymark and re-cast the role, concerned that scenes with Dyneley and Wymark would cause audiences to confuse the characters of Poulson and Webb.

Filming

Filming began on 1 July 1968 at Pinewood Studios and ended on 16 October. The exterior of the EUROSEC Headquarters was represented by Neptune House in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire (now part of BBC Elstree Centre), while Heatherden Hall appeared as the old Jason Webb's nursing home. In September, the crew travelled to Albufeira in Portugal for location shooting. Shortly after their arrival, Marcelo Caetano succeeded the incapacitated António de Oliveira Salazar as Prime Minister of Portugal. Parrish was concerned that this political instability might hold up the shoot, so reduced the filming schedule from one month to two weeks.

To create an illusion of a mirror Earth, the crew reversed the film negatives using a process called "flop-over". This technique spared the production considerable time and money building specially "reversed" props and sets and organising road closures to film cars driving on the "wrong" side of the road. However, it meant that scenes set on the Counter-Earth required careful planning and rehearsal with the cast and crew. It also resulted in a number of continuity errors: for example, the "Heart-Lung-Kidney" machines aboard Phoenix are first shown connected to Ross and Kane's left wrists, then their right.

The crew had difficulty creating a scene in which the EUROSEC board hold an international videoconference on high-resolution viewing monitors. Due to the high cost of colour TV at the time of production and the need to avoid black and white to reflect the film's futuristic setting, instead of using real viewing monitors the crew cut screen-sized gaps in a wall and positioned the actors playing the conference delegates behind them. Silver paper was added to reflect the studio lights and simulate a high-resolution image, with altered eyelines creating the illusion that each delegate is looking into a camera. Archer and Hearn praise this scene as an example of how Anderson "proved once again that his productions were ahead of their time".

As filming progressed, Anderson and Parrish came into conflict. Anderson said that Kanter was brought in more than once to mediate between them: "[Sylvia and I] both knew how important the picture was to our careers, and we both desperately wanted to be in the big time". At one point, Parrish refused to film a number of scenes, saying that he would only end up deleting them. According to Anderson, when he reminded Parrish of his contractual obligations, the director loudly announced to the cast and crew: "Hell, you heard the producer. If I don't shoot these scenes which I don't really want, don't need and will cut out anyway, I'll be in breach of contract. So what we'll do is shoot those scenes next!" In his biography, Anderson stated that his one regret about the film "[was] that I hired Bob Parrish in the first place". Sylvia described Parrish's direction as "uninspired. We had a lot of trouble getting what we wanted from him".

Parrish also clashed with Thinnes over the actor's refusal to have his hair cut a certain way for the scenes set on the Counter-Earth. Thinnes, whose hair had already been repeatedly styled, later decided that this was merely Parrish's way of asserting authority, having received a letter from a friend warning him that Thinnes could be difficult to work with. Gerry Anderson said that his own relationship with Thinnes was awkward, but that he liked the actor's performance.

Other scenes led to disagreements within Century 21. For a scene depicting Lise Hartman (Loni von Friedl) taking a shower, cinematographer John Read did the lighting in silhouette as instructed by Parrish. Gerry Anderson, who had intended the scene to show Friedl nude, demanded a reshoot, insisting that Read honour his obligations not only to Parrish as director, but also to the producers. According to Sylvia, "Gerry was very keen to show that he was part of the 'Swinging Sixties' and felt that seeing a detailed nude shot – as he visualised it – was more 'with it' than the more subdued version".

Another dispute arose when Read filmed shots of the Phoenix spacecraft model using a hand-held camera. In his biography, Anderson recalled: "I knew enough about space travel to know that in a vacuum a spacecraft will travel as straight as a die ... [Parrish] told me that people were not familiar with space travel and therefore they would expect to see this kind of movement". Read refused to reshoot the scenes, stating that Parrish's instructions took precedence over Anderson's. He resigned from both the production and Century 21 at the request of the Andersons and Reg Hill, his fellow company directors. Anderson elaborated: "Clearly, John was in a difficult position. I do now understand how he must have felt, but in my heart I feel he couldn't play a double role".

Design and effects

The film's special effects were produced at Century 21 Studios on the Slough Trading Estate under the direction of Derek Meddings. More than 200 effects shots were filmed. The design of the Phoenix spacecraft was based on the Saturn V rocket. During filming, the 6 ft scale model unexpectedly caught fire and had to be completely rebuilt. For realism, the launch sequence was shot in the studios' car park against the actual sky.

Century 21 built a full-sized Dove module prop in Slough. However, it could not be used for the film due to an agreement between Pinewood Studios and the National Association of Theatrical Television and Kine Employees, which stated that all Pinewood film props were to be made in-house. The prop was destroyed, and although the Pinewood carpenters built a replacement, Anderson considered it inferior to the original.

Meddings also oversaw the construction of several futuristic land vehicles operated by EUROSEC. These included three six-wheeled utility vehicles, which were built from Mini Moke chassis by a Feltham-based company, and three cars modelled on Ford Zephyr Zodiacs. Fitted with dummy gull-wing doors, the adapted Fords were constructed by Alan Mann Racing under the supervision of Len Bailey.

Commenting on the film's effects, Martin Anderson of Den of Geek describes the Phoenix command module as "beautifully ergonomic without losing too much NASA-ness" and the Dove lander as "a beautiful fusion of JPL gloss with classic lines". He regards the Phoenix launch as Meddings' finest work prior to Moonraker (1979). Archer and Hearn describe the sequence as "one of the most spectacular" of its kind produced by Century 21.

Music and titles
Composer Barry Gray, who wrote the music for all of Century 21's productions, said that his score for this film was his favourite. The score was recorded over three studio sessions held between 27 and 29 March 1969. The first session used a 55-member orchestra, the second 44, and the third 28. The sequence showing Ross and Kane's journey to the Counter-Earth was accompanied by a piece titled "Sleeping Astronauts", featuring an ondes Martenot played by French ondiste Sylvette Allart. Archer and Hearn describe this piece as "one of the most enchanting" ever written by Gray, adding that the soundtrack as a whole evoked a "traditional Hollywood feel" which contrasted with the film's futuristic setting.

The title sequence, set inside Dr Hassler's laboratory, was accompanied by a spy theme. This was inspired by the character's undercover activities, which he performs using an artificial eye containing a micro-camera. Archer and Hearn regard this as a stylistic imitation of James Bond films.

Release

The finished film failed to impress Universal or UK distributors The Rank Organisation. Rank delayed the film's release by over a year. On 26 March 1969, the BBFC passed the film with an A certificate, which allowed children under 11 to see the film provided that they were accompanied by a parent or guardian. To secure this rating, cuts to shots of contraceptive pills were required. Rank enquired whether the film could be cut further to secure a U certificate, removing the need for parental supervision; the BBFC rejected the idea, stating that this would cause the film to lose all narrative sense.

The film was distributed by Rank in Europe and Universal in the US and Australia. While Rank kept the original title, Universal, which judged that non-Europeans would be less familiar with the term "doppelganger", renamed the film "Journey to the Far Side of the Sun" – the title by which it is now more commonly known. Simon Archer and Stan Nicholls argue that while this title provides a clearer explanation of the plot, it lacks the "intrigue and even poetic quality of Doppelgänger".

After premiering in the US on 27 August 1969, the film had its UK debut on 8 October at the Odeon Cinema on Kensington High Street. It went on general release on 26 October, paired with Death of a Gunfighter to create a double feature. The film ran for less than a week in Odeon venues. A second round of US screenings began in Detroit on 1 November. Overall, the film performed poorly at the box office.

Two original 35 mm prints of the film are known to exist. One is kept by the British Film Institute; the other by Fanderson, the official Anderson fan club. While original prints give top billing to Ian Hendry, Universal's Journey to the... format credits Thinnes first. Some British prints feature an alternative version of the final scene with a short voice-over from Ross, repeating a line of dialogue the character says to Webb earlier in the film: "Jason, we were right. There are definitely two identical planets."

The film had its British TV premiere on 7 December 1974 on Granada Television. Some TV broadcasts of the film have shown an incorrectly flopped picture. This originated from a mistake made in the 1980s when an original print was being transferred to videotape: a telecine operator who was unfamiliar with the film believed that the Counter-Earth scenes had been flopped in error, so made a second flop to reverse it. This de-flopped picture, which became the standard for all TV showings, makes it appear that the Ross of the Counter-Earth has landed on the "normal" Earth.

Home media
Previously available on LaserDisc, the film was released on Region 1 DVD in 1998 and both Region 1 and 2 DVD (digitally remastered) in 2008. Prior to the 2008 release, the BBFC re-classified the film PG for "mild violence and language".

Blu-ray versions followed in 2015. The US Blu-ray release was by Universal Entertainment. The Australian release by Madman Entertainment features a transfer of Fanderson's original film print, an exclusive audio commentary by Gerry Anderson, and a double-sided sleeve, which enables the Blu-ray case to be stored under either of the film's titles.

Reception
Since its original release, the film has had a mixed response from critics. Simon Archer and Stan Nicholls consider it a cult film. The film has a 40% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Contemporary reviews
Rating the film "poor", The Monthly Film Bulletin described the theme as "more abstruse" than that a of a typical science fiction feature. It added: "the intricacies are insufficiently clarified, and Robert Parrish's direction is so leaden-footed, that despite the explosive finale the film as a whole is simply dull." The film was also negatively received by the Daily Mirror, which called it "corny", as well as by David Robinson of The Financial Times, Derek Malcolm of The Guardian and Margaret Hinxman of The Sunday Telegraph. Writing for The Times, critic John Russell Taylor praised it as "quite ingenious" but suggested that the title and pre-release publicity gave away too much of the plot.

In the US, Howard Thompson of The New York Times wrote that the film "never really gets off the ground" and "remains a little too civilised and restrained for its own good." He praised the "crispness" of certain dialogue, along with the visual style and Parrish's direction, but argued that the story deserved "a larger movie, at least one with more stratospheric sweep and suspense". Judith Crist of New York magazine described Journey to the Far Side of the Sun as "a science fiction film that comes up with a fascinating premise three-quarters of the way along and does nothing with it." She commended the film for being "nicely gadget-ridden", as well as raising questions about the conflict between science and politics, but criticised the editing. Variety magazine considered the plot confusing, equating the Dove crash to the quality of the writing: "Astronauts take a pill to induce a three-week sleep during their flight. Thereafter the script falls to pieces in as many parts as their craft."

While The Miami News and the Montreal Gazette regarded the film as better than average for its genre, The Pittsburgh Press dismissed it as "a churned out science fiction yarn ... Let's hope there's only one movie like this one", and ranked it among the worst films of the year. The Gazette added that while the film gets worse towards the end, "until then it's a reasonably diverting futuristic melodrama." A review in the Southeast Missourian stated that "in today's space terminology [the film] almost rates as science – and pure reportage through film. Still, it evolves as a fascinating motion-picture entertainment." In 1975, Jeff Rovin called Journey to the Far Side of the Sun "confusing but colourful" and praised its "superb" effects.

Retrospective reviews
Gary Gerani, co-writer of Pumpkinhead, ranks Journey to the Far Side of the Sun 81st in his book Top 100 Sci-Fi Movies, calling the film "enigmatic" and a "fine example of speculative fantasy in the late '60s". He praises Thinnes' and Wymark's performances, as well as the characterisation, the film's secondary themes (such as adultery, infertility and corruption) and the "Fourth of July-style" special effects. Sylvia Anderson suggested that American audiences, who were less familiar with Century 21's puppet productions than their British counterparts, were more enthusiastic about the film. She explained: "It was all too easy to compare our real actors with our puppet characters and descriptions such as 'wooden', 'expressionless', 'no strings attached' and 'puppet-like' were cheap shots some of the UK critics could not resist ... Typecasting is the lazy man's friend, and boy, were we typecast in Britain". In 1992, she said of the film: "I saw it on TV a couple of years ago and I was very pleased with it. I thought it came over quite well". To Chris Bentley, the film is a "stylish and thought-provoking science fiction thriller".

TV Guide magazine gives the film two stars out of four, calling it a "strange little film" with an "overwritten script". Glenn Erickson of DVD Talk considers Journey to the Far Side of the Sun a "good" film but writes that it "takes an okay premise but does next to nothing with it. We see 100 minutes of bad drama and good special effects, and then the script opts for frustration and meaningless mystery". He criticises the cinematography, comparing it to that of Thunderbirds in the sense that the characters "stand and talk a lot", while defining the script as "at least 60 per cent hardware-talk and exposition ... How people move about – airplane, parachute, centrifuge – is more important than what they're doing". In a review for Den of Geek, Martin Anderson praises the direction and effects but states that the film's "robust and prosaic" dialogue sits "ill-at-ease with the metaphysical ponderings". He criticises some of the editing, noting that many of the effects shots have "that 'Hornby' factor, slowing up the narrative unnecessarily". He rates the film three stars out of five, summing it up as "an interesting journey with many rewards".

The Film4 website gives the film two-and-a-half stars out of five, summing it up as "an occasionally interesting failure". The review praises the effects and costume design but judges the subplots about Hassler's treachery and the Rosses' marital problems to be unnecessary distractions from the main story. It also questions the originality of the premise and the depth of the writing: "Anderson's has to be the cheapest alternate Earth ever. Whereas audiences might expect a world where the Roman Empire never fell or the Nazis won World War II, here the shocking discovery is that people write backwards. That's it". A similar view is expressed by Gary Westfahl, who describes the setting as "the most boring and unimaginative alien world imaginable".

Interpretation

Archer and Nicholls suggest as possible causes of the film's box office failure its "quirky, offbeat nature" and waning public interest in space exploration after Apollo 11. The topic of the Moon landing dominated a contemporary review in the Milwaukee Journal, which found similarities in the plot of Journey to the Far Side of the Sun: "... the spacemen find a few bugs in their 'LM' and crash on the planet. And do they ever have their hands full in getting back to Earth!" Suggesting that the performances are hampered by an excess of technical dialogue, the review concluded: "... the makers of this space exploiter may get lots of mileage at the box office, but Neil, Buzz and Mike did it better on TV."

It has also been suggested that 2001: A Space Odyssey and Planet of the Apes, both released the year before, set a high standard for Journey to the Far Side of the Sun and other films to follow. Erickson argues that Journey to the Far Side of the Sun is inferior to 2001 for presenting a "working future" that is still dominated by commercialism. Comparing the visual style to that of 2001, he notes similar use of "psychedelic" images and close-ups of human eyes but calls such imitation "fluff without any deeper meaning". Film4's review describes the final scene featuring the elderly Webb as "hell-bent on recreating the enigmatic finale of 2001 by using a mirror, a wheelchair and a tartan blanket." Rovin argues that the effects "[occasionally] outshine" 2001's", adding that it "attempts to kindle a profundity similar to that of [2001] in its abstract philosophising about the dichotomy of dual worlds, but fails with a combination of meat-and-potatoes science fiction and quasi-profound themes." He argues that Journey to the Far Side of the Sun is "neither a kid's film nor a cult film" but rules that "the elements that comprise the finished effort are more than individually successful."

Martin Anderson compares Journey to the Far Side of the Sun to other science fiction films like Solaris, identifying a "lyrical" tone to the dialogue. However, he concedes that the film "doesn't bear comparison with Kubrick or Tarkovsky", the directors of 2001 and Solaris. Douglas Pratt and the Institute of Contemporary Arts compare the film to "The Parallel", an episode of The Twilight Zone which sees an astronaut returning to Earth only to find it mysteriously changed, and realising that he has ended up in a parallel universe. S. T. Joshi likens the film's theme of duplication to the premise of Invasion of the Body Snatchers, in which a race of extraterrestrials called the Pod People abduct humans and replace them with alien doubles.

Legacy
Despite the film's failure, Grade gave the Andersons further commissions with live actors. The first of these was the TV series UFO, which began airing in 1970. Journey to the Far Side of the Sun is considered a precursor to UFO and has also been described as a "trial run" for the follow-up series, Space: 1999. Most of the cast went on to appear in UFO, notably Ed Bishop as the protagonist Colonel Ed Straker and George Sewell as his deputy, Colonel Alec Freeman. Many of the film's costumes, shooting locations and musical tracks were also re-used, along with props including the Phoenix and Dove miniatures and the EUROSEC ground vehicles. Neptune House appeared as the exterior of Harlington-Straker Film Studios, where SHADO, the organisation headed by Straker, is based. The recycled music included the tracks "Sleeping Astronauts" and "Strange Planet", the latter accompanying the series' end credits. Additionally, UFO's opening titles imitated the teleprinter shots which formed the basis of the film's title sequence.

A retrospective by IGN argues that the presentation of politics and economics in Journey to the Far Side of the Sun goes against the conventions of 1960s science fiction. This is reflected in UFO, whose characters "were constantly having to deal with the pressures of having to show progress under the scrutiny of accountants and elected officials, much the same way NASA was starting to in the US". On the links between the film and UFO, Martin Anderson makes another connection to Kubrick: "... the most interesting common ground between the two projects remains the bleak ending(s) and the slight flirtation with the acid-induced imagery and mind fucks of 2001".

title: Journey to the Far Side of the Sun


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Sonny Sandoval

Paul Joshua "Sonny" Sandoval (born May 16, 1974) is an American musician, rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the co-founder and lead vocalist of nu metal band P.O.D.

Biography
Sandoval was born in San Diego, California. to a Chamorro-Hawaiian mother and a Mexican-Italian father. He grew up in the Otay Mesa neighborhood of South San Diego which was a Chicano barrio. When he was eighteen, Sandoval's mother was diagnosed with leukemia. During her illness, Sandoval was greatly influenced by his mother's faith as a devout Christian. He pursued a career as an MC and later joined the band Enoch, a group started by Wuv Bernardo, Gabe Portillo and Marcos Curiel, which, with the addition of Sandoval, later became P.O.D. (initialism for "Payable On Death"). Sandoval states his musical roots as reggae, rock, and rap, all of which are apparent in P.O.D.

P.O.D.
Sandoval is best known as co-founder and the lead vocalist of the metal band P.O.D. Over the course of their career, the band has received three Grammy Award nominations, contributed to numerous motion picture soundtracks and toured internationally. They have sold over 12 million records worldwide. With their third studio album, The Fundamental Elements of Southtown, P.O.D. achieved their initial mainstream success; the album was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2000.

The Whosoevers
Since 2008, Sandoval has been part of an outreach group, The Whosoevers, with Ryan Ries, Lacey Sturm, of Flyleaf, and Brian Welch, guitarist for the nu metal band Korn.

Other work
Sandoval appeared in Project 86's self-titled album in the song "Six Sirens". In 2004, he contributed to two tracks on Anastacia's self titled album, "Seasons Change" and "I Do". He has been named number 63 in Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time in 2006.

In 2009, Sandoval appeared on Tribal Seeds' new album The Harvest, in the song "Warning". In 2010, Sandoval appeared on War of Ages' fourth album release Eternal, in the song "Eternal". In 2010, Sandoval appeared on Lecrae's fourth album release Rehab, in the song "Children of the Light". In 2011, Sandoval appeared on Dominic Balli's single, "American Dream". In 2012, Sandoval appeared on For Today's fourth album release Immortal, in the song "The Only Name". Also in 2013, Sandoval appeared on the track "Something Better" released on Flyleaf's EP Who We Are. He appeared on Islander's album, Violence & Destruction on the track, "Criminals".

Family
He and his wife Shannon married in 1996, and have two daughters, Nevaeh and Marley, and a son, Justice. Sandoval is widely credited with the sudden popularity of the name Nevaeh, which, as he revealed on MTV Cribs, is "heaven" spelled backwards.

Appearance
For most of P.O.D.'s career, Sandoval was well known for his dreadlocks (which, by the release of the video for "Going in Blind", reached his waist), but since the release of P.O.D.'s seventh studio album, When Angels & Serpents Dance, he has cut them off.

P.O.D.

 * Snuff the Punk (1994)
 * Brown (1996)
 * The Fundamental Elements of Southtown (1999)
 * Satellite (2001)
 * Payable on Death (2003)
 * Testify (2006)
 * When Angels & Serpents Dance (2008)
 * Murdered Love (2012)
 * SoCal Sessions (2014)
 * The Awakening (2015)
 * Circles (2018)
 * Veritas (2024)

Guest appearances

 * "Six Sirens" by Project 86 on the album ''Project 86 (1998)
 * "America" by Santana (with P.O.D.) on the album Shaman (2002)
 * "Seasons Change" & "I Do" by Anastacia on the album, Anastacia (2004)
 * "Let It Go" by Kirk Franklin, with TobyMac on the album, Hero (2005)
 * "Warning" by Tribal Seeds on their album, The Harvest (2009)
 * "Eternal" by War of Ages on their album, Eternal (2010)
 * "Children of the Light" by Lecrae on his album, Rehab (2010)
 * "American Dream" by Dominic Balli on his album, American Dream (Dominic Balli album) (2011)
 * "The Only Name" by For Today on their album, Immortal (2012)
 * "Something Better" Flyleaf on their EP, Who We Are (2013)
 * "Criminals" by Islander on their album, Violence & Destruction (2014)
 * "Chasing the Horizon" by Noize MC (2019)
 * "They Don't Like It" by Fire from the Gods (2019)
 * "Secrets" by Written By Wolves (2019)
 * "Magic Eyes" by Nights Like Thieves (2020)
 * "All or Nothing" by Ill Niño (2021)
 * "Nemesis" by Manafest (2022)
 * “Lights, Camera, Action” by Islander (2022)
 * "Attitude" by H.R. on his album "Let Luv Lead (The Way)" (2023)

title: Sonny Sandoval


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Category:Mountaineering

 * Mountaineering concerns the ascent of mountains of various stature, using various types and amounts of mountaineering equipment; includes all types of mountaineering such as alpine climbing and expedition climbing

title: Category:Mountaineering


text:
Greater long-tailed hamster

The greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) is a rodent native to Siberia, the Korean Peninsula, and China. It is the only member of the genus Tscherskia.

Taxonomy
The genetic diversity of Tscherskia triton has a positive correlation to population density when using microsatellite markers.

Conservation
Climate change and human activity have had an influence on the genetic variation of this species.

Behavior
Male greater long-tailed hamsters exhibit high aggression during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Female greater long-tailed hamsters mainly show aggression during the non-breeding season.

title: Greater long-tailed hamster


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Danke Schoen

"Danke Schoen" is a pop song of German origin. Bert Kaempfert, who composed the melody, recorded it as an instrumental, in 1959 and later in 1962, under the title "Candlelight Cafe". Kurt Schwabach wrote the German lyrics. The words "danke schoen" themselves translate to English as "Thank you very much". The song gained international fame in 1963 when singer Wayne Newton recorded an American version, with English lyrics by Milt Gabler. The song achieved renewed popularity when it was featured in the 1986 American comedy film Ferris Bueller's Day Off, lip-synced by the main character, Ferris Bueller (Matthew Broderick).

Newton's version
Wayne Newton's first version was released when he was 21 years old. The song was originally intended for singer Bobby Darin as a follow-up to his hit single "18 Yellow Roses" in the spring of 1963, but after seeing Newton perform at the Copacabana, Darin decided to give the song to Newton and transposed the key of the recording to fit Newton's voice. It has been featured in many television commercials and motion pictures, such as Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Meet the Parents, Matchstick Men, Vegas Vacation, Fools Rush In as well as the French-American comedy Crime Spree. In 2015 it was used in a television commercial for Bank of America, and in 2017 in a trailer for the video game Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus. In 2016 the song was used in a series of commercials for Australian insurer AAMI. The Newton version peaked at No. 13 on Billboard's pop chart, and No. 3 on its easy listening chart. In the song, Newton pronounces the words as "dunke shane", rather than "danke schön", and it has been postulated that this is a regional accent variation that may have been prevalent in communities of German immigrants to the USA.

Personnel
According to the AFM contract sheet, the following musicians appeared at the recording session.

 * Jimmie Haskell - session leader, arrangements
 * Leon Russell
 * Jimmy Bond
 * Hal Blaine
 * Carol Kaye
 * Glen Campbell
 * Tommy Tedesco
 * Louis Blackburn
 * Kenneth Shroyer
 * Roy Caton
 * Virgil Evans
 * Donald “Ritchie” Frost
 * Emil Richards
 * Tibor Zelig
 * Jerome Reisler
 * Harold Dicterow
 * William Kurasch

title: Danke Schoen


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Ōshima Subprefecture (Tokyo)

Ōshima Subprefecture (大島支庁) is a subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It is administered by the Bureau Of General Affairs of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

It includes the following towns and villages on the Izu Islands:

 * Ōshima (town on Izu Ōshima)
 * Toshima (village on Toshima)
 * Niijima (village on Niijima and Shikinejima)
 * Kōzushima (village on Kōzushima)

It covers 141.82 square km and 13,825 people.

History

 * 1900: Founded as Ōshima Island Government Office.
 * 1920: The island halls of Toshima, Niijima (including Shikinejima), Kōzushima, Miyakejima, and Mikurajima were abolished. The island government office takes control of these islands. The branch offices on Miyakejima and Niijima were founded.
 * 1926: Changed to Ōshima Subprefecture.
 * 1943: Miyakejima Branch Office was split as Miyake Subprefecture.

title: Ōshima Subprefecture (Tokyo)


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User talk:Jawil

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

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title: User talk:Jawil