text:
Joyce Fairbairn

Joyce Fairbairn (November 6, 1939 – March 29, 2022) was a Canadian senator and was the first woman to serve as the leader of the Government in the Senate.

Early life and education
Born in Lethbridge, Alberta on November 6, 1939, Fairbairn was the daughter of Mary Elizabeth (née Young) and Lynden Eldon Fairbairn, a judge of the District Court of Alberta, lawyer, and Liberal candidate for the 1935 and 1940 federal elections in Lethbridge. She was a teenage journalist when she was a student at Lethbridge Collegiate Institute, and wrote a column entitled "Teen Chatter" in the Lethbridge Herald. She attended the University of Alberta where she earned a bachelor's degree in English and Carleton University where she earned a degree in journalism. She married Michael Charles Frederick Gillan in 1967; he died in 2002.

Political life
Fairbairn worked as a journalist in the Parliamentary Press Gallery in Ottawa before being hired as a legislative assistant to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1970. In 1981, she became Communications Coordinator in the Prime Minister's Office. On June 29, 1984, just prior to leaving office, Trudeau recommended her for appointment as a Liberal senator for Alberta, her home province. Over the years as a senator, she held a number of positions within the Liberal Party, including Vice-Chair of the National as well as the Western and Northern Liberal Caucus from 1984 to 1991, and Co-Chair of the National Campaign Committee for her party in 1991.

When the Liberals returned to power after the 1993 election, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien appointed Fairbairn to the cabinet as Government Leader in the Senate, the first female senator in the post, and Minister with Special Responsibility for Literacy. She served in cabinet until 1997, after which she took on the role as Special Advisor on Literacy to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. She also chaired the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, and the Special Senate Committee on the Anti-terrorism Act. She sat on the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry until June 2012.

Fairbairn became involved with the Paralympics movement in Canada as early as 1998. That year, to counter a funding shortfall, she spearheaded fundraising efforts to send a Canadian team to compete in the 2000 Paralympic Games in Sydney, Australia, through "Friends of the Paralympics", a group that grew and became "a strong political and fundraising voice for the Canadian Paralympic Movement". By 2000, she co-founded and chaired the Canadian Paralympic Foundation, the first official charitable foundation connected to the Canadian Paralympic Committee, to secure long-term financial support for Paralympic athletes and the committee. In recognition of her role in promoting and supporting Paralympic sports across the country, she was inducted to the Canadian Paralympic Hall of Fame as a builder in 2011.

In August 2012, Fairbairn took indefinite sick leave from the Senate due to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. It was subsequently reported that Fairbairn had been declared legally incompetent in February but had continued voting in the Senate until June. The Fairbairn case led to calls for the Senate to establish rules to address similar situations should they arise. On November 30, 2012, she tendered her resignation to the Governor General with effect from January 18, 2013.

Later life
On March 11, 2018, it was announced that the new middle school in Lethbridge, Alberta would be named after Fairbairn. It was named Senator Joyce Fairbairn Middle School, and opened in the fall of 2018.

Joyce Fairbairn died in Lethbridge on March 29, 2022, at the age of 82.

Scholastic

 * Honorary Degrees

title: Joyce Fairbairn


text:
User talk:0101CHANtk

Hi 0101CHANtk. Nice job on the Mao Dun article, and welcome to Wikipedia. A few links you might find helpful:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~ ~ ~ ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.

Some other links you might want to take a look at:

 * Manual of Style for China-related articles
 * Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * History standards for China-related articles
 * China-related topics notice board

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

-spencer195 04:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:0101CHANtk


text:
King Neptune

King Neptune may refer to:
 * Neptune (mythology), the Roman god of the sea, referred to as "King" by some
 * King Neptune (pig), a pig that was used to raise $19 million in war bonds during World War II
 * King Neptune, an officiator in a naval line-crossing ceremony
 * King Neptune (SpongeBob SquarePants), a recurring character in SpongeBob SquarePants
 * King Neptune (album), a 1979 album by Dexter Gordon
 * King Neptune (film), a 1932 animated short film in the Silly Symphonies series
 * King Neptune (statue), a large bronze statue in Virginia Beach
 * King Neptune, a large limestone sculpture at Two Rocks, Australia
 * King Neptune's Adventure, an adventure video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System

title: King Neptune


text:
Woodlawn Heights, Bronx

Woodlawn Heights, also known as Woodlawn, is a predominantly Irish-American working class neighborhood at the very north end of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It is bounded by McLean Avenue to the north (slightly north of New York City's border with the city of Yonkers in Westchester County), the Bronx River to the east, Woodlawn Cemetery to the south, and Van Cortlandt Park to the west. Woodlawn Heights remains one of the few areas in New York City that still has young Irish immigrants still arriving to the area en masse.

Woodlawn Heights is part of Bronx Community Board 12, and its ZIP Code is 10470.

Major streets

Katonah Avenue, which runs north-south through the heart of Woodlawn Heights, is a popular destination for its many Irish pubs and restaurants. In addition, there is The Emerald Isle Immigration Center, an Italian bakery, an Italian restaurant, an Irish butcher shop, Irish and Albanian barber shops, and many other types of specialty shops.

McLean Avenue, which runs east-west, is the main shopping strip for both Woodlawn Heights and the Yonkers neighborhood of McLean Heights. Its pubs and shops are considered to be some of the neighborhood's most notable fixtures, although technically it is within the city of Yonkers. McLean Avenue has many Irish pubs, a large variety of Irish and non-Irish restaurants and diners, two Irish gift shops, The Aisling Irish Community Center, an Irish butcher shop, and Italian pastry shop.

East 233rd Street is a major thoroughfare that runs east-west on the southern border of the neighborhood. It is largely known for its gas stations and Irish pubs, as well as for its bus routes and the Woodlawn station of the Metro-North Railroad.

Notable features of the neighborhood include Oneida Triangle, a memorial to residents of Woodlawn Heights who served in World War I, and Muskrat Cove, the northernmost segment of the Bronx River Greenway.

Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Woodlawn-Wakefield was 42,483, a decrease of 1,100 (2.5%) from the 43,583 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 901.76 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 47.1 PD/acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 17.6% (7,473) White, 58.3% (24,774) African American, 0.4% (169) Native American, 3.4% (1,465) Asian, 0.0% (20) Pacific Islander, 2.0% (855) from other races, and 2.0% (866) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.1% (6,861) of the population.

Historically a German neighborhood, Woodlawn Heights is now a mostly Irish American neighborhood, which also has a small but recognizable Italian-American community. This neighborhood remains one of the few communities to which young and newly arrived Irish immigrants regularly arrive en masse. The Emerald Isle Immigration Center on Katonah Avenue and the Aisling Irish Community Center on McLean Avenue are two sources for the newly arrived as well as established Irish immigrants to Woodlawn Heights and the United States. The neighborhood is sometimes informally referred to as "Little Ireland".

The entirety of Community District 12, which comprises Williamsbridge, Woodlawn Heights, Baychester, and Eastchester, had 156,542 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.0 years. This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 24% are between the ages of between 0–17, 27% between 25–44, and 26% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 13% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 12 was $48,018. In 2018, an estimated 22% of Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 57% in Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Police and crime
Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge are patrolled by the 47th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 4111 Laconia Avenue. The 47th Precinct ranked 35th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. , with a non-fatal assault rate of 82 per 100,000 people, Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge's rate of violent crimes per capita is more than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 577 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.

The 47th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 60.9% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 16 murders, 45 rapes, 461 robberies, 732 felony assaults, 300 burglaries, 758 grand larcenies, and 461 grand larcenies auto in 2022.

Fire safety
Woodlawn Heights is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 63/Ladder Co. 39/Battalion 15, located at 755 East 233rd Street.

Health
, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge than in other places citywide. In Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge, there were 102 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 24 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge has a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 8%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge is 0.0075 mg/m3, the same as the city average. Eleven percent of Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge, 30% of residents are obese, 14% are diabetic, and 39% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 24% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-eight percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge, there are 8 bodegas.

The nearest large hospitals are Montefiore Medical Center and North Central Bronx Hospital, both located in Norwood. In addition, Montefiore Medical Center's Wakefield Campus is located in Williamsbridge.

Post office and ZIP Code
Woodlawn Heights is located within the ZIP Code 10470. The United States Postal Service operates the Woodlawn Station at 4364 Katonah Avenue.

Education
Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city. While 32% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 20% have less than a high school education and 48% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge students excelling in math rose from 32% in 2000 to 48% in 2011, though reading achievement remained constant at 37% during the same time period.

Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is slightly higher than the rest of New York City. In Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge, 29% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, more than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 70% of high school students in Woodlawn Heights and Williamsbridge graduate on time, about the same as the citywide average of 75%.

Schools
The St. Barnabas parish runs St. Barnabas Elementary School, which opened in 1914 (whose principal is currently Miranda Marques). St. Barnabas High School, an all-girls school which opened in 1928 is run by principal Henry Triana. The high school has since been independent from the parish as of September 2015. In addition to the aforementioned St. Barnabas parish schools, the neighborhood is served by Judith K. Weiss School P.S. 19.

Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL)'s Woodlawn Heights branch is located at 4355 Katonah Avenue. The branch opened in 1931 and moved to its current one-story, 2500 ft2 location in 1969. The Woodlawn Heights branch contains an extensive collection of Irish books.

Community and civic organizations
Woodlawn has numerous community and civic organizations.
 * Bronx Community Board 12 holds general meetings monthly, and committee meetings ad hoc.
 * 47th Precinct Community Council comprises monthly meetings with members of community and representatives from the NYPD.
 * The Woodlawn Library Support Group meets at the Woodlawn Heights branch of the New York Public Library located at 4355 Katonah Ave, Bronx, NY 10470.
 * The Woodlawn Taxpayers & Community Association was established in 1865 and is a not-for-profit community organization that works to service the needs of the neighborhood.
 * The Woodlawn Collective is a partnership operating in Woodlawn.

Places of worship
The Roman Catholic church of St. Barnabas is the largest church in Woodlawn Heights and part of St. Barnabas parish. The parish is managed by Reverend Brendan A. Fitzgerald. The parish has weekly masses in English and Italian and some seasonal holiday masses in Irish. St. Barnabas Parish, founded in 1910, serves as a major community center for the neighborhood, which is nearly entirely Catholic, and a center of Irish culture, offering Irish language classes and an Irish Outreach program to assist Irish immigrants in finding jobs and residence in the neighborhood. In addition to the church, the parish runs an adjoining convent (currently occupied by the large and growing community of the Sisters of Life) and St. Barnabas Elementary School. St. Mark's Lutheran Church is on Saint Marks Place in Yonkers near the Van Cortlandt Park entrance.

St. Stephen's Episcopal Church is located on E. 238th Street at the corner of Vireo Avenue. It is the oldest church in Woodlawn and a member of the world-wide Anglican Communion.

Transportation
Woodlawn Heights is served by the buses operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations; by the Woodlawn station on the New York City Subway's ; and by the Woodlawn station on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line.

title: Woodlawn Heights, Bronx


text:
Mask and Wig Club

The Mask and Wig Club, a private club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1889, is a historic collegiate musical comedy troupe. Created as an alternative to the existing theatrical and dramatic outlets at the University of Pennsylvania, Mask and Wig has presented comedy, music, and dancing to the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and audiences across the country. Its credo is "Justice to the stage; credit to the University."

The club's performers, or "The Cast," put on two all-original shows each year in collaboration with the Club's own Stage Crew, Band, and Business Staff.

A number of Mask and Wig original songs were made famous on the radio by mid 20th century recording artists. "The Gypsy in My Soul," written by Clay Boland and Moe Jaffe for a 1937 show, was recorded by Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, and Ella Fitzgerald. "Daddy", written by Bobby Troup for a 1941 show, was recorded by Sammy Kaye, Glen Miller and the Andrews Sisters. Troup went on to write the jazz standard "Route 66," which was recorded by Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby (with the Andrews Sisters), and later the Rolling Stones. The first electrically recorded album ever released was Mask and Wig's "Joan of Arkansas," in April 1925.

In a September 30, 2021, press release, the club announced an initiative to remove gender as a qualification for membership, and to expand participation and membership to all genders for the first time in its 134-year history starting with the Fall 2022 recruitment cycle.

History
The Mask and Wig Club of the University of Pennsylvania was first conceived of in 1888 by a small group of undergraduates, led by Clayton Fotterall McMichael, who were interested in the stage and desired something the University did not offer: a troupe that would produce original humorous theatrical pieces. In 1889, therefore, McMichael and the other original founders sent out a call for undergraduate men to audition for the group and participate in the creation and production of its first performance.

McMichael and his peers envisioned a group that involved dressing up in frocks and performing spoofs and parodies. Because colleges at the time were open only to young gentlemen, any production was limited to an all–male cast. These organizations naturally saw burlesque, which was quite popular in that era, as the perfect genre. The overblown characterizations, loose plotting, musical interludes, and parody of high art made the style perfect for a group of young, well-educated, amateur men, especially since the drag tradition came "built-in".

Founder McMichael combed the local bookstores for a story to produce and found it in Henry Byron's The Nymphs of the Lurleyburg. A substantially altered version, "Lurline", the Club's first production, hit the boards at the Chestnut Street Opera House on June 4, 1889, for one night only. Backed financially by the ladies of Philadelphia high society, the Club enjoyed great success in its early years. With increasingly reliable audience turnout and revenue from ticket sales, the runs were extended and the Club established a fine tradition among Philadelphia's theater-going society. Moreover, the club made a very strong impression on campus and it achieved great notoriety within its first year of existence.

In 1894 the Club purchased a property at 310 South Quince Street to serve as a gathering place and rehearsal hall, the Mask and Wig Clubhouse. The building had been erected by the first African-American Lutheran congregation in America as St. Paul's Lutheran Church in 1834, but had been sold in 1839 and converted into a coachhouse and stable, and later into a dissecting room for medical students. Prominent Philadelphia architect Wilson Eyre was commissioned to remodel the building and hired the young Maxfield Parrish, who would later become one of the greatest illustrators of the 20th century, to decorate the interior. The Grille Room was decorated with caricatures of members, a tradition that continues today, with the second century of members' caricatures continued upstairs at the entrance to the auditorium. Eyre expanded the clubhouse to its present size, 1901-1903.

The Club prospered throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The middle of this century was a heady time for the Club. Mask and Wig songs were the rage of the big band orchestras, radio shows, and solo acts of the day. The likes of Frank Sinatra, Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Rosemary Clooney, and Les Brown all covered Mask and Wig tunes. Between 1952 and 1958, the club appeared four times on The Ed Sullivan Show. The 1961 production, Wry on the Rocks, introduced a satirical revue format in a cabaret atmosphere. In 1992, with Myth America, Mask and Wig returned the student–written book musical to its stage, a practice which continues to this day. Important in the show's success are the traditional high standards in the caliber of performers and excellence of the material performed. The Club's primary purpose has always been and continues to be, "Justice to the stage; credit to the University."

Immediately after the end of World War II the Mask and Wig dormitory on the residence quadrangle was used to house a U.S. Army unit assigned to quickly learn the Japanese language. Upon the completion of the study, the soldiers were to be commissioned in the U.S. Army and serve in the Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) of the Army in Japan. This army unit had classes in the University in the Egyptian Antiquities room while being scrutinized by several mummies. Classes were also held in the Wharton School of Business. Jerry Epple, a member of the Army Specialized Training Program, says he remembers to this day the stone carving of a mask and wig near the dormitory entrance.

Mask and Wig's yearly tour over spring break brings the show to alumni clubs across the nation.

Club organization
The Mask and Wig Club is unique in that it consists of both alumni and undergraduate members who have participated in the Annual Production. The Troupe consists of undergraduates who audition each fall and are selected into the various company sections (see below).

The Club produces the Annual Production and maintains and operates its own landmark theater at 310 South Quince Street (see below). The Clubhouse is a popular wedding and event venue in Philadelphia and was named "Best Party Venue" by Philadelphia Magazine in 2010.

Undergraduate sections
The Mask and Wig Club is made up of four distinct sections: the cast, the band, the crew, and the business staff.

The cast writes and performs material for productions. The band functions as a pit orchestra, playing original, self-arranged pieces for the Undergraduate Fall Show, and professionally arranged pieces for the Annual Production. The band also holds the headliner spot at the University of Pennsylvania's annual Spring Fling festival in the Quad. The crew builds elaborate, ornate, and completely original sets for Productions. The business staff is responsible for advertising and selling tickets for the Club's shows.

Free Show
Free Show is the first Mask and Wig show of the academic year. The show is held during the first week of the academic year and is free of charge to all new freshmen. The cast performs classic bits that are tried and true. Free Show serves a few purposes: it introduces the new freshmen of the University of Pennsylvania to one of Penn's oldest institutions and hopes to recruit new members by displaying what membership in the group entails. In 2018, for the first time, the Free Show was performed in collaboration with Penn's all-female musical sketch comedy troupe, Bloomers.

Undergraduate Fall Show
Each fall, the undergraduates produce their own sketch comedy show that runs for one week in a theater on Penn's campus. The upperclassmen handle all aspects of production from acting direction to choreography to musical production. A notable highlight of the show is the Second Act Opener, which consists of a medley of songs from a famous musician or group, but with parodied lyrics that often follow a Penn-centered plot. Past parodied musicians include Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Billy Joel, The Beatles, Aerosmith, Disney, and Queen.

ComFest
In 1999, Mask and Wig established an annual Intercollegiate Comedy Festival to showcase the talent of the nation's best collegiate sketch comedy troupes. The mission of the festival is not just to put on a hilarious show that cultivates new talent, but also to honor and showcase a well-known comedian. Each host does a stand-up routine for the audience and participates in sketches with Mask and Wig. Past college sketch troupes include:
 * Princeton Triangle Club
 * University of Maryland Sketchup
 * Yale Fifth Humour
 * Boston College Hello Shovelhead
 * Cornell University Humor Us! Sketch Comedy
 * Tufts University's Major: Undecided Sketch Comedy

Annual Production "Spring Show"
The Annual Production, colloquially known as the "Spring Show", is the theatrical centerpiece of Mask and Wig. Performed at The Mask and Wig Clubhouse, the production is an original show that runs from late January to early April. While the format of the Spring Show has evolved over the years, the show currently runs as a full "book" musical comedy, complete with singing and tap dancing.

Unlike the Fall Show, the Annual Production is professionally composed, directed, and choreographed by some of the best talents in the industry. The script, however, is written by the Club's cast.

Tour
During spring break the troupe takes their show around the country as they road trip across the United States, usually performing in areas with a high Penn alumni concentration. The trip usually includes about four to six stops. In recent years the tour has taken Wig to cities like London, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Chicago, and Toronto.

The tour is yet another one of the group's many traditions. In Mask and Wig's “heyday,” the group had its own train car that it would use to do a similar tour around the nation.

Spring Fling
The Mask and Wig Band traditionally headlines the last day of Spring Fling performances, which was historically a Saturday, at the stage in the Lower Quad. In 2018, the festival was moved to Penn Park along with the Mask and Wig performance. They generally perform an hour-long set of covers of popular music. Members of the cast generally sing with the band, along with female vocalists from other Penn performing arts groups.

Clubhouse art
Working in his studio just a few blocks away at Thirteenth and Walnut Streets, Maxfield Parrish received one of his first commissions in 1894 from Mask and Wig. This first job came as he was finishing his studies at the Pennsylvania Academy; it was for decoration of the stage proscenium and ticket window, illustration of a number of caricatures on the wall of the Grille Room, and most notably the Old King Cole mural. This was the start of his professional career; shortly after seeing the mural, the editor of “Harper's” Magazine invited Parrish to do some of their covers for which he became famous. He would continue working for the Club to finish a total of 35 caricatures and illustrate the earliest program covers.

Wilson Eyre was older and more established than Parrish when he began working on the Clubhouse, and was good friends with Parrish's father, Stephen. Eyre was the architect in charge of renovating the Club's new home and transforming it from a stable into a “Bavarian” themed Clubhouse. His first remodel in 1894 transformed the space from the stable by adding an entry hall with stairs, designing and decorating the Grille Room, and turning the second floor into a theater. Eyre designed most of the furniture in the Grille Room; three of the original tables still exist. Eyre also oversaw the second major change. The building was enlarged in 1903 by adding 10 feet to the front creating the façade that still exists there today. Eyre's original drawing of the front design, created in 1902, is shown to the right. Eyre's design has endured for over a century with few changes aside from the ongoing addition of paneling for caricatures in the Grille Room and Theater.

Clubhouse renovations
Immediately following the close of the 2007 Spring show, the clubhouse underwent an extensive renovation. In addition to bringing the building up to modern code, the club also installed an elevator and central air conditioning unit. On the morning of March 15, 2008, a fire broke out in the attic of the clubhouse, setting back the completion date indefinitely. The club had a contingency plan in case of such an emergency and was able to put on their show. "West Wing Story" played for two weekends in April 2008 at the Prince Music Theater in downtown Philadelphia, marking the first annual production to be performed at a venue other than the clubhouse since 1960. With renovations still behind schedule in 2009, the annual production "Oh, the Humanities!" was also performed at the Prince Music Theater for three weekends, selling a record number of tickets due to the large theater capacity. The clubhouse renovation was completed in the fall of 2009, allowing the club to once again return to its own stage for the 2010 Annual Production, "A Cheshire Catastrophe".

title: Mask and Wig Club


text:
User talk:0101CHANky

Hi 0101CHANky. Nice job on the Shao Piaoping article, and welcome to Wikipedia. A few links you might find helpful:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~ ~ ~ ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.

Some other links you might want to take a look at:

 * Manual of Style for China-related articles
 * Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * History standards for China-related articles
 * China-related topics notice board

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

-spencer195 04:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:0101CHANky


text:
Bricriu

Bricriu (also Briccriu, Bricne) is a hospitaller (briugu), troublemaker and poet in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.

Fled Bricrenn
The story of Fled Bricrenn ("The Feast of Bricriu") tells how he once held a lavish feast for Conchobar mac Nessa and the heroes of Ulster in his house at Dún Rudraige (modern Dundrum, County Down), but knowing his reputation the Ulstermen had to be threatened to attend. First Bricriu threatened to set the Ulster warriors at odds with each other, then to set father against son and mother against daughter, but the Ulstermen finally agreed to come when he threatened to set the two breasts of each Ulster woman beating against each other.

At the feast he promised the "champion's portion" to Cú Chulainn, then to Conall Cernach, then to Lóegaire Búadach, and the three heroes proceeded to compete for the honour. Challenges were set, some judged by Ailill and Medb of Connacht, some by Cú Roí of Munster. At every test set Cú Chulainn came out top, but neither Conall nor Lóegaire would accept the decision.

Finally Cú Roí, disguised as a giant churl, challenged each of the three to behead him, then allow him to return and behead them in return. Only Cú Chulainn passed this test, and was judged worthy of the champion's portion. (Two motifs in this story, the champion's portion and the beheading challenge, are mentioned by the Greek writer Posidonius as practices of the ancient Celts. The beheading challenge is also central to the Middle English Arthurian poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.)

Other
Bricriu followed Fergus mac Róich into exile in Connacht following the Deirdre affair. While he was a guest at Cruachan he caused a lot of trouble for Fergus and another lover of his, Flidais, which culminated at the Táin Bó Flidhais. In the Echtra Nerai, Bricriu mocks the singing of Fergus, comparing it to a bull-calf's bellowing. Fergus strikes him with 5 fidchell pieces, injuring him severely. Later, Bricriu recovered but died at Cruachan at the end of the Táin Bó Cuailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley), trampled to death by the two bulls as they fought.

Fled Bricrenn is preserved in the near-contemporary Leabhar na h-Uidhri (The Book of the Dun Cow) and in four later manuscripts.

The name of the village of Loughbrickland, near Banbridge, County Down, is thought to derive from Irish Loch Briccrend or Bricriu's Lake, where he was a chieftain and lived in the 'Watery Fort' (ringfort) overlooking the loch.

title: Bricriu


text:
Talk:Eastside, Los Angeles

The term "Eastside" as it has been used in the last 10 years is rather ethnically biased - it really means the farthest east neighborhoods in LA that have substantial populations of non-Latino whites. Still, it has become accepted in the last decade....

The only people who are really using the term are whites, I think its mostly transplanted westsiders who like Los Feliz and Griffith Park. Its still vague what communitys are a part of the eastside.

I live near the region described here, and I've never heard anyone refer to it as the Eastside, except for people who live on the Westside. And then they're not talking about just Los Feliz and Silver Lake - they're talking about everything east of La Brea. I don't think it's an accurate term, nor is it widely used, and it certainly isn't accepted by those who live here. If no one has objections in the next several days, I'll seriously alter this page - or redirect it to East LA or something. EmergentProperty 06:33, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

It has been widely used by the media since the early 1990s, so I don't think it should be deleted despite the ethnic baggage it contains - or at least originally contained. I do agree it is rather artificial. Prairie Dog

I third that. There's this artifical, inauthentic and rather transparent NPOV overlay on this article that reveals its true POV quite clearly. I think it should be redirected to East L.A. jengod 18:16, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eastside, Los Angeles


text:
User talk:0101YIPkw

Hi YIPkw. Nice job on the Wei Wei article, and welcome to Wikipedia. A few links you might find helpful:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~ ~ ~ ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.

Some other links you might want to take a look at:

 * Manual of Style for China-related articles
 * Naming conventions (Chinese)
 * History standards for China-related articles
 * China-related topics notice board

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

-spencer195 04:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:0101YIPkw


text:
Montfavet

Montfavet is a district of the city of Avignon in the Vaucluse in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.

In southern France, the district is well known for the psychiatric hospital, "Centre Hospitalier Montfavet Avignon" located Montdevergues. Sculptor Camille Claudel was a patient in this hospital for thirty years. Georges-Ernest Roux (1903-1981), a postman who lived in Avignon, founded the Universal Christian Church (now named Universal Alliance), claimed to be Jesus, and was famous under the name "Christ of Montfavet".

The local airport is built on property within Montfavet.

Notable People

 * Camille Claudel was confined in the town asylum and is buried in the town cemetery.

title: Montfavet


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Spencer195

Spencer195
Final (15/0/0) ending 04:42, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

Spencer195 has been with us since Feb 2004 and has made nearly 4000 edits, many of them formatting and maintaining China-related topics. I think the amount and type of work he does for us shows he will make a productive admin. --Jiang 04:43, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you so much for the nomination and I humbly accept. [[Image:smiley.png|15px|Smiley]] If granted admin powers, I promise to use them responsibly and neutrally, and am only interested in having them so I can more easily and powerfully benefit the project.  I love Wikipedia, and despite the fact that I think I might spend a little too much time here (read: Wikipediholic), it has benefited me greatly and I hope it will do the same for other people.  -spencer195 23:36, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Jiang
 * 2) I see no reason to oppose. --Slowking Man 05:53, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Anárion 11:37, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Productive, indeed. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 14:55, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * 5) Andre ( talk )A| 17:33, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Wolfman 06:52, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. --Lst27 21:52, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Tuf-Kat 01:20, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9)  — siro  χ  o  02:29, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Nadavspi 00:39, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) Fire Star 02:53, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Uploads nice images.  —Lowellian (talk)   07:48, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 01:28, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Netoholic @ 16:20, 2004 Oct 26 (UTC) -- Moving vote to support for his quick, calm, and polite response to my original comment. Should make a great admin.
 * 15) user:zanimum Despite a reluctancy, brought on by never hearing of him until now, I can't find any major criticism of him. Good work on the number of edits. -- user:zanimum

Oppose

Neutral

Comments
 * [moved from oppose] Unfortunate tendency to massively promote instruction creep, particularly by creating many Templates and categories for topic-stubs. Some creations, like Template:Infrog welcome3 and Template:Infrog welcome2), seem to be tests which have not been cleaned-up.  I'm not sure if this person has a grasp of the technical and practical workings of Wikipedia yet.  Also, what is the relationship with all the new users whose names begin with "0101...." (see Wei Wei and Lu Yuegang) that he leaves welcome messages for? -- Netoholic @ 23:05, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)

 * The users whose names begin with 0101 are students doing a class project for User:Fuzheado. See:  User:Fuzheado/jmsc0101.  I welcomed them because I saw them as potential recruits to the 'pedia and hoped that by welcoming them I might encourage them to stick around and contribute beyond the deadline of their project.

 * If community consensus is to tone down the instruction creep or try to make things easier to understand, I'm willing to do so. As always, if I do something wrong, anyone is welcome to bring it to my attention, revise, rework, etc.  I am always learning about Wikipedia and although I've learned a lot, I'm still eager to learn more.  I've been reading through meta to make sure I'm intimately acquainted with Wikipedia policies and to acquire a thorough understanding from a technical perspective.  I didn't see the page on instruction creep before, and now that you've brought it to my attention, I'll make sure to take it into consideration.  -spencer195 05:18, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Excellent response, and I have no further concerns – so long as you try to do something with the Infrog templates ;). -- Netoholic @ 16:20, 2004 Oct 26 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.

 * The admin feature that I would likely use most would be the rollback feature to help clear vandalism off faster. This will be used only in cases of obvious malicious vandalism and every edit will be checked before using the rollback feature.  In the case of newbie tests or scribble I will try to welcome the newbie to the 'pedia and gently steer him or her toward more productive behavior.  I will also try to help maintain VFD and might also respond to requests for protection.  As always, I will try to maintain full neutrality and not use admin powers on articles that I'm involved in.  I will most likely continue to concentrate on working on and helping maintain articles.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.

 * My largest project, and the one that I spent the most time on, was to start articles, create tables and maps, and fill in some data on the counties of the Republic of China. Most of the time I spend here is copyediting, formatting, maintaining lists, categorizing, and just generally keeping the place tidy.

 * I also copyedit and revise pinyin and Chinese characters, scan and upload old public domain photos, and comb Chinese websites for useful info and photos that are hard to find elsewhere. I started the regional method of stub classification since I thought that would make it easier for people to match their area of interest with underdeveloped areas on Wikipedia.  I've also illustrated some of the figure skating articles with photos used by permission.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A.

 * I realized that edit wars don't accomplish much except getting a page protected, gobbling up disk space, and making people mad. For the most part, I think I've managed to steer clear of edit wars and conflicts and think I've had a more enjoyable and productive experience because of it.  I don't anticipate becoming involved in many in the future because for the most part I try to make non-controversial contributions to the encyclopedia.

 * If I did make an edit that someone found objectionable, in most cases I would let that user revise or rework the edit. Other solutions would be to discuss the matter on the talk page or rely on community consensus for an opinion or solution.  Primarily, my strategy would be to avoid becoming involved in conflict in the first place.


text:
The New Danger

The New Danger is the second studio album by American rapper Mos Def, released on October 12, 2004, by Rawkus and Geffen Records. It is the follow-up to his breakthrough solo effort Black on Both Sides (1999), after which he devoted more time into his film and stage career.

Production
Production for the album was handled by Mos Def, Kanye West, 88-Keys, Minnesota, Warryn Campbell, and Psycho Les. It also features contributions from Mos Def's rock musical project Black Jack Johnson, which was named after boxing champion Jack Johnson and consists of guitarist Dr. Know, keyboardist Bernie Worrell, bassist Doug Wimbish, and drummer Will Calhoun.

Critical reception
The New Danger received generally mixed reviews from critics; it holds an aggregate score of 59 out of 100 at Metacritic. Blender called it "mushily sentimental, self-righteously indignant and constantly in your face", while AllMusic's Andy Kellman said it was "a sprawling, overambitious mess". New York magazine panned the album as "an unsatisfying muddle of protest music, black rock, and rap". In The New York Times, Kelefa Sanneh wrote that the record suffered from extended soul songs that meandered, dull rock songs, and some raps such as "The Rape Over" that were devoid of Mos Def's usual "warmth and wit". NME deemed some of the songs failed experiments but also highlighted "Boogie Man Song", "Modern Marvel", and "Champion Requiem" as more timeless material. Rolling Stone critic Tom Moon was more enthusiastic, hailing the album as an "earthy, impressively diverse" work that showcased Mos Def's abilities to "create deeply nuanced characterizations" and "broaden the hip-hop palette without sacrificing, or selling out, its core ideals". Writing for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau said while Mos Def's previous records were driven by his "verbal flow", The New Danger was more interesting musically and defined by its sonic flow, which the critic described as "a shadowy, guitar-drenched tone poem of the streets". In his ballot for the annual Pazz & Jop critics poll, he named it the 19th best album of 2004. LA Weekly included the track "Zimzallabim" in their list of "Ten Rap-Rock Songs That Are Actually Awesome".

Commercial performance
The New Danger was released by Geffen Records on October 12, 2004, in the United States and October 18 in the United Kingdom. It debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 in its first week, and by March 2014, it had sold 513,000 copies in the US. In August 2017, the album was certified gold by the RIAA, indicating sales and their equivalents—streams and track downloads—of 500,000 units in the U.S.

Track listing
Notes:	The UK Edition bonus track is also featured on his 2007 compilation album, Mos Definite.

Charts

 * Singles

Personnel

 * Mos Def - vocals, piano (track 1), drums (tracks 1 and 16), guitar, bass and percussion (track 16)
 * Black Jack Johnson - House Band (feat. Will Calhoun - drums, Doug Wimbish - bass, Dr. Know - guitar and Bernie Worrell - keyboard)
 * Raphael Saadiq - guitar and bass (track 1)
 * Minnesota - producer
 * Easy Mo Bee - producer
 * Kanye West - producer
 * Shuggie Otis - guitar
 * L Mitchellon (?) - piano, organ
 * Warryn Campbell - producer
 * Psycho Les - producer
 * 88-Keys - producer

title: The New Danger


text:
Baychester, Bronx

Baychester is a neighborhood geographically located in the northeast part of the Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries are East 222nd Street to the northeast, the New England Thruway (I-95) to the east, Gun Hill Road to the southwest, and Boston Road to the northwest. Eastchester Road is the primary thoroughfare through Baychester.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 12. Many homes are located on streets in the 201s and advancing to the 220s. While 10469 is the primary ZIP Code of Baychester, it also covers the adjacent neighborhood of Pelham Gardens, Bronx. The area is patrolled by the 47th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

Land use and terrain
Baychester is dominated by one and two family homes of various styles. The total land area is 2.61 square miles. The area is low lying and flat; some parts of the East Bronx are built on marshland and valleys. The area was formerly home to the amusement park Freedomland U.S.A., opened in 1959 and closed in 1964 on the site of what is now Co-op City. Part of the neighborhood, bounded by Boston, Eastchester, and Gun Hill Roads, is alternately referred to as Fish Bay.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 63,345 people and 23,144 housing units in the neighborhood. The population density was 24,249.08 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 27.5% White, 57.4% African American, 0.03% Native American, 2.74% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.0% of the population.

In the adjacent neighborhood of Co-op City, which is sometimes considered a part of Baychester, the population is 43,752. Baychester was once predominantly white (non-Hispanic), but is now predominantly West Indian. The median income for a household in the neighborhood was $42,102. About 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line.

The entirety of Community District 12, which comprises Baychester and Williamsbridge, had 156,542 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.0 years. This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 24% are between the ages of between 0–17, 27% between 25–44, and 26% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 13% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 12 was $48,018. In 2018, an estimated 22% of Baychester and Williamsbridge residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 57% in Baychester and Williamsbridge, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Baychester and Williamsbridge are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Police and crime
Baychester and Williamsbridge are patrolled by the 47th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 4111 Laconia Avenue. The 47th Precinct ranked 35th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. , with a non-fatal assault rate of 82 per 100,000 people, Baychester and Williamsbridge's rate of violent crimes per capita is more than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 577 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.

The 47th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 60.9% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 16 murders, 45 rapes, 461 robberies, 732 felony assaults, 300 burglaries, 758 grand larcenies, and 461 grand larcenies auto in 2022.

Fire safety
Baychester is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 38/Ladder Co. 51 fire station at 3446 Eastchester Road.

Health
, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Baychester and Williamsbridge than in other places citywide. In Baychester and Williamsbridge, there were 102 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 24 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Baychester and Williamsbridge has a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 8%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Baychester and Williamsbridge is 0.0075 mg/m3, the same as the city average. Eleven percent of Baychester and Williamsbridge residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Baychester and Williamsbridge, 30% of residents are obese, 14% are diabetic, and 39% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 24% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-eight percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Baychester and Williamsbridge, there are 8 bodegas.

The nearest large hospitals are Calvary Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center's Jack D. Weiler Hospital, and NYC Health + Hospitals/Jacobi in Morris Park. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine campus is also located in Morris Park. In addition, Montefiore Medical Center's Wakefield Campus is located in Williamsbridge.

Post offices and ZIP Code
Baychester is located within ZIP Code 10469. The United States Postal Service operates two post offices nearby: the Hillside Station at 3482 Boston Road and the Baychester Station at 1525 East Gun Hill Road.

Education
Baychester and Williamsbridge generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city. While 32% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 20% have less than a high school education and 48% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Baychester and Williamsbridge students excelling in math rose from 32% in 2000 to 48% in 2011, though reading achievement remained constant at 37% during the same time period.

Baychester and Williamsbridge's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is slightly higher than the rest of New York City. In Baychester and Williamsbridge, 29% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, more than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 70% of high school students in Baychester and Williamsbridge graduate on time, about the same as the citywide average of 75%.

Schools

 * P.S. 76 - Bennington Elementary School located at 900 Adee Avenue
 * P.S. 78 - Anne Hutchinson Elementary School located at 1400 Needham Avenue
 * P.S. 87 - located at 1935 Bussing Avenue, Bronx, NY 10466 - Baychester/Wakefield area.
 * P.S. 89 - Williamsbridge Elementary School located at 980 Mace Avenue
 * P.S. 97 - located at 1375 Mace Avenue
 * P.S. 121 - The Throop School located at 2750 Throop Avenue
 * P.S. 169 - Baychester Academy located at 3500 Edson Ave
 * M.S. 144 - Michelangelo Middle School located at 2545 Gunther Avenue
 * Bronxwood Preparatory Academy - located on east 228th Street and Bronxwood Avenue
 * Christopher Columbus High School (Bronx) - located at 925 Astor Avenue
 * Harry S. Truman High School (Bronx) - located in the Co-op City neighborhood.
 * Evander Childs Educational Campus - located in the Williamsbridge neighborhood.

 * Private
 * Lavelle School for the Blind

Libraries
The New York Public Library (NYPL)'s Eastchester branch is located at 1385 East Gun Hill Road. It has operated since 1950 and moved to its current one-story, 7500 ft2 location in 1985. In addition, the NYPL's Baychester branch is located at 2049 Asch Loop North in Co-op City. The one-story branch building opened in 1973 and was renovated in 2003.

Transportation
The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Baychester:
 * to Co-op City or Bedford Park (via Allerton Avenue)
 * to Co-op City or Fordham Center (via Gun Hill Road)
 * to Co-op City or Pelham Parkway station (via Boston Road)
 * to Woodlawn or Westchester Square – East Tremont Avenue station (via Eastchester Road)
 * to Co-op City or 205th Street station (via Gun Hill Road)
 * to Midtown Manhattan (via Fifth/Madison Avenues and Eastchester Road/Morris Park Avenue)

Baychester is also served by the following Bee-Line Bus System routes to Westchester County, New York:
 * BL60: to White Plains, New York or Fordham Center (via Boston Road)
 * BL61: to Port Chester, Mamaroneck and Larchmont, New York or Fordham Center (via Boston Road)
 * BL62: to White Plains, New York (Express-Rush Hour Only Service [White Plains in the morning, Fordham in the evening]) or Fordham Center (via Boston Road)

The following New York City Subway stations serve Baychester:
 * Baychester Avenue
 * Gun Hill Road

title: Baychester, Bronx


text: File:38 Special - A Wild-Eyed Xmas Night.jpg


text: Talk:A Wild-Eyed Christmas Night

title: Talk:A Wild-Eyed Christmas Night


text:
Talk:High priest

High Priestess
High Priestess vs. High Priest When I click on High-Priestess the website directs to High-Priest. We all know what High-Priest is, we know male-dominancy and it is enough. I want to learn about High-Priestess. Can someone remade the High-Priestess page again, please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.214.115.116 (talk) 04:35, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Comparisons have fairly little merit
I fear such comparisons have fairly little merit on the whole, simply mapping the function of a high priest in one religion against another fairly high position in another is likely to do little for enlightenment and much for misunderstanding. The role of such a person varies as much between different religeons as the names do, and it could cause confusion to attempt to consisely map it out like this with no further information.

For Christianity specifically, as that is the religion I am the most familiar, even though popes etc. could be considered to have the same leadership powers of a high priest, most Christians, catholic or otherwise would be loath to classify anyone, bar Aaron, Melchisideck or Christ himself as a high priest. This is because a high priest in Christian (and I presume at least pre-Talmud jewish also) beliefs, a priest is someone who can enter the holy of holies and communicate with god, worship him, and ask for forgiveness on behalf of the people. However in Christianity, attributing this role to an individual is this is seen as at least slightly heretical since one may already do such things directly through Christ himself.

I rewrote the paragraph on Christianity so it would not be "a high priest is" but rather "a high priest could sometimes be compared to" (I also removed the confusion between Catholicism and Christianity as a whole). I suspect some of the other religions (most specifically islam) will need similar modification. user:scarlet

Tarot High Priestess card
I was searching for the Tarot High Priestess card and was redirected to high priest which does not have a High Priestess link — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.155.221.230 (talk) 20:05, 2006 August 21 (UTC)

High Priestess vs. High Priest
I think it is arbitrary and offensive that High Priestess redirects to this page, where all the links about High Priestesses are relegated to the bottom of the list. I think that this page should be split into separate disambiguation pages for High Priest and High Priestess to avoid giving priority to the masculine page. Does anyone else have strong feelings about this? - AdelaMae (talk - contribs) 00:23, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

De-disambiguation
I propose to de-disambiguate this page. It is not really disambiguating anything, since all of the offices identified as types of high priests are merely different types of the same class of thing. bd2412 T 23:00, 23 October 2010 (UTC) That for the most part is due to translation. We may call vastly different positions high priest in English simply because that is how we decided to translate them that way. Also there seems to be a big difference between the idea of one wielding political (as in being higher than other priests in rank) or spiritual power (they wield a high holy authority.) An also there are titles that are completely symbolic or allegorical. PeRshGo (talk) 23:12, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Where are the facts pertaining to the presence or absence of high priestesses? Please assist.
I came here from Lady-in-waiting, and was surprised to find nothing here about historical nor modern high priestesses, with the only fictional one that I saw being the tarot card. (I skimmed in disbelief.)

It's not true that we're just keeping this article gender-neutral, because if so, each instance of "high priest" would imply a possible "high priestess" unless otherwise specified, and that's not the way it is written. For the high priestesses' equal treatment's sake, either represent them here, or reinvent the current redirect. However, that's more than my life will allow me to do, so thanks in advance to anyone who can help! --Geekdiva (talk) 10:41, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on High priest. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130101114546/http://www.johneagleton.com/blog/12-general/314-neal-boortzs-commencement-speech to http://www.johneagleton.com/blog/12-general/314-neal-boortzs-commencement-speech

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:52, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:High priest


text:
User talk:Gowithitkb

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Gowithitkb


text:
George Fenneman

George Watt Fenneman (November 10, 1919 – May 29, 1997) was an American radio and television announcer. Fenneman is best remembered as the show announcer and straight man on Groucho Marx's You Bet Your Life. Marx, said of Fenneman in 1976, "There never was a comedian who was any good unless he had a good straight man, and George was straight on all four sides". Fenneman, born in Peking (Beijing), China, died from respiratory failure in Los Angeles, California, on May 29, 1997, at the age of 77.

Early life
Fenneman was born in Peking (now Beijing), China, the only child of Edgar Warfield and Jessico "Jessie" (née Watt) Fenneman. He was an infant when his parents moved to San Francisco, California, where he grew up. Fenneman's father was a certified public accountant and worked in the import-export business. His mother was an author and a minister of the Divine Art of Living. When Fenneman was eight, he wrote and starred in his own drama before his neighborhood friends in the basement of his home. Fenneman grew up in San Francisco's West Portal district.

Education
Fenneman graduated from San Francisco Polytechnic High School. In 1942 he graduated from San Francisco State College with a B.A. in Speech and Drama.

Military service
Poor eyesight and asthma prevented Fenneman from military action in World War II. Fenneman became a broadcast correspondent for the U.S. Office of War Information, where he met Jack Webb, a fellow staff announcer who would later hire him for Webb's Dragnet radio and TV series. Fenneman's work in the Army included announcing the wartime service show Sound Off!.

In the early part of World War II, he and college classmate Bob Sweeney formed a stand-up comedy team and entertained troops at military bases.

Radio
In 1941, Fenneman was hired by KSFO (AM) radio for $35 per week. He immediately found himself hosting the show Lunch at the Top of the Mark. The 22-year-old Fenneman's first interview that day was the actor Boris Karloff. In 1942, Fenneman took a job as a radio announcer and actor at KGO (AM), increasing his salary to $55 per week. His first acting role on the station was the early California bandit Joaquin Murrieta in the production Golden Days.

Returning to broadcasting in 1946 following World War II, he moved to Los Angeles. "I figured if you're going to be in this business, you've got to be in southern California". In 1948, the George Fenneman Show was heard weekdays at 4:00 p.m. on KECA (AM) radio in Los Angeles. Fenneman was reported to be "one of the better radio voices". In 1948, Fenneman was an announcer for the Abbott and Costello radio show. He became the announcer on the Coca-Cola Victory Parade of Spotlight Bands, heard on over 168 radio stations on the NBC Blue Network.

You Bet Your Life
Fenneman is best remembered as the announcer and good-natured sidekick for Groucho Marx's comedy/quiz show You Bet Your Life. He won the audition as the radio show's announcer in 1947. Fenneman stayed with the show when it moved to television in 1950, on NBC where it remained for 11 years. Fenneman was known as "Groucho Marx's man Friday, who helps him on Wednesdays (on radio) and Thursdays (on TV)".

Fenneman's mellifluous voice, clean-cut good looks, and gentlemanly manner provided the ideal foil for Marx's zany antics and bawdy ad libs.

Robert "Bob" Dwan, director of You Bet Your Life said 'He had a naturally good voice". One day, Fenneman met Dwan at Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles during his lunch hour. Dwan told Fenneman to immediately go to a studio where auditions were being held for a new Groucho Marx program. Dwan said Fenneman's demeanor made him the perfect straight man for the show. Initially hired for $55 per week, Fenneman's salary reportedly grew to "more than $50,000 per year".

Dwan said "He was the perfect foil for Groucho. We didn't pick him for that reason, however. We picked him because he was very bright, someone who could keep track of the quiz score and do the math on the spot. George's main principle was that he didn't tell the jokes, no matter how good a reply he might have. He knew what his role was, and he was, above all, a gentleman". Fenneman got the job, and was paid $55 a week to start. Groucho frequently encouraged contestants to bet odd amounts, making the arithmetic difficult to keep straight on the fly during a live show. Dwan said "Groucho had a tendency to get them (the show's contestants) to bet odd amounts, like $17.36. So George had a bit of a task". Fenneman said he was " a spring-board of interplay" between him and Marx. "I was the foil for a lot of his wit. It was sheer trauma for me. I showed up every night and prayed".

Fenneman was a resilient target of Marx's frequent mispronunciations of his name ("Feminine") and other light-hearted teasing. "Groucho called Fenneman the male Margaret Dumont", according to Frank Ferrante, who portrayed Marx onstage in Groucho: A Life in Revue. "George took it as the highest praise. Groucho called him the perfect straight man".

Fenneman said "I was the gentleman, the nice fellow. Older ladies who would watch the show would see me as their son. Oh, the letters they used to write, castigating mean old Groucho for being cruel to that nice young man".

When a young female contestant referred to Fenneman as "Mr. Fidderman", Marx ordered Fenneman onstage and accused him of leading a "double life". On one episode Fenneman was suspended in a harness as a substitute for the show's stuffed duck that was dropped from overhead with a $100 payoff in its beak when a contestant said the secret word during every episode. Fenneman's wife said "Everyone had told Groucho 47 times before the show, 'Don't touch him', so George came down, and Groucho immediately came over and pushed him; and he turned upside down. He was absolutely terrified".

Fenneman said of working with Marx, "I can't impress on you too much what it meant to be working with a legend. I was 30 years old and working with this man who was 60 at the time, who'd been the biggest star of all the media".

Success in reruns
It was customary practice, established in radio, for a successful network series to take the summer months off and return in the fall. A summer-replacement series, usually a musical or comedy half-hour, would fill the established time slot for 13 weeks until the parent program returned. You Bet Your Life was the first network TV series to continue into the summer months, with reruns of some of the previous season's better episodes. To inform the public that these summer broadcasts were repeats and not new programs, the summer show was titled The Best of Groucho.

After You Bet Your Life ended its network run in 1961, NBC's syndication department prepared new versions of the 1950s shows, with all mentions of the original sponsor removed or cropped out of the picture. Because the reruns had already been established as The Best of Groucho, the syndicated version took that title, and was very successful.

Gradually the show fell out of fashion, as faster-paced game shows videotaped in color forced the old, leisurely black-and-white show off the air. The show remained a memory until 1975, when Groucho Marx accepted a huge shipment of old film prints from an NBC warehouse. Producer John Guedel, anxious to see if there was still a market for the show, sold it on a trial basis to a local station for less than $50 for each night. The show became an instant success, prompting Guedel to send the reruns into syndication almost immediately.

George Fenneman remained friends with Marx until the latter's death in 1977. During that year, Fenneman recalled he was walking a frail Groucho Marx back to his bed during one of his last visits and Marx quietly whispered "Fenneman, you always were a lousy dancer".

The Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis Show
Fenneman also announced the Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis Comedy Show, sponsored by Chesterfield cigarettes. Fenneman said Martin and Lewis would shower him with sheet music or cut off his tie while he was on camera selling cigarettes. On one episode, Fenneman spoofed himself. During a parody of You Bet Your Life, on the broadcast of October 14, 1952, "Groucho Martin" (Dean Martin) asks Fenneman to remind listeners about how "the other couple" is doing. Fenneman said "The sponsor and the sponsor's wife are way ahead with eighteen million dollars".

Game show host
Fenneman also hosted many game shows: in 1953, Your Claim To Fame, a panel quiz show sponsored by the Regal Amber Brewing Company of San Francisco, Anybody Can Play in 1958 with Dolores Reed, The Perfect Husband, Who In The World and Your Surprise Package in 1961. Fenneman hosted an un-aired pilot episode of Take My Advice, an NBC game show where a celebrity panel offered advice to contestants about how to handle personal problems. In 1966 he hosted two pilot episodes for Crossword, a game show that would be renamed The Cross-Wits in 1975 and aired with Jack Clark as host.

Commercial production company
Fenneman formed the "George Fenneman Productions (Ltd.)" commercial production company in 1962. His first client was the Douglas Fir Plywood Association. He also created commercials for the Paper Mate pen company.

He was the commercial spokesman for Lipton Tea during much of the 1960s, and in that role appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show when The Beatles made their second U.S. TV appearance on February 16, 1964. The entire episode (including commercials) had been taped at Miami Beach, Florida's Hotel Deauville prior to broadcast.

Fenneman also recorded commercials for Philip Morris. From 1978 to the end of his life in 1995, Fenneman was both the public relations spokesperson and commercial announcer for the Los Angeles, California Home Savings & Loan.

Television show host
In 1963, he hosted an ABC television program called Your Funny, Funny Films, a precursor to America's Funniest Home Videos. He was also host of a highly regarded KCET-TV program, On Campus.

On January 14, 1964, Fenneman hosted the half-hour special, Here Comes a Star. During the special, Fenneman led the audience on a tour of the then brand new Hanna-Barbera Animation Studio on Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood, California. Fenneman interviewed Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera as they readied their newest cartoon show The Magilla Gorilla Show. The show featured story artists, layout men, animators, inkers and painters putting together the first Magilla Gorilla cartoon. The show ended with the completed premiere episode of the cartoon.

In 1974, Fenneman co-hosted Talk About Pictures, an Emmy Award-winning program created by Life magazine photographer Leigh Wiener. The show featured a wide-ranging cross-section of photographers and photography collectors including Ansel Adams, Alfred Eisenstaedt and Graham Nash. 130 episodes were broadcast on NBC's Los Angeles affiliate KNBC. The show won a local Emmy award in 1974.

Announcing career
Fenneman was the announcer for a number of radio shows, including Pete Kelly's Blues, The Orson Welles Show, The Eddie Albert Show and The Hedda Hopper Show. He was also an announcer on television shows as well, including The Life of Riley, The Jim Nabors Hour and The Donny & Marie Show. He was also an announcer on the radio program Go Navy! The Navy Swings. Fenneman described the show as "a labor of love".

Fenneman also narrated many commercial and industrial films including work for Lockheed Aviation and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

Dragnet
Fenneman was one of a pair of announcers on Dragnet. He shared narration duties with Hal Gibney on radio and the original 1951 Dragnet television series, and then with John Stephenson when Dragnet returned to TV in 1967. It was Fenneman's voice which announced, "The story you are about to see is true. The names have been changed to protect the innocent", while Stephenson would be heard at the end of the episode describing the court trials and verdicts.

On radio, Fenneman also provided the intro to the finale (and last commercial): "On (date), trial was held in Department (number), Superior Court of the State of California. In a moment, the results of that trial. Now, here is our star, Jack Webb, for (sponsor)".

(Webb frequently took the cue with "Thank you, George" or "Thank you, George Fenneman," as Fenneman was not identified in the show's credits, which were read by Gibney and ended with "Hal Gibney speaking".)

Gunsmoke
He was the principal commercial announcer for the radio version of Gunsmoke, and frequently introduced "Matt Dillon" (William Conrad) after the episode to extoll the virtues of L&M or Chesterfield cigarettes.

The Simpsons
Fenneman narrated The Simpsons season 5 episode "Marge on the Lam" broadcast on November 4, 1993. The episode's closing sequence is a reference to Dragnet. Fenneman recorded the episode's ending in a Dragnet-style summation of the three principal characters' fate.

Residual income from announcing
Fenneman purchased a 10 percent interest in the You Bet Your Life production company. "I had a good lawyer" Fenneman said. "Instead of the usual residuals, I get a percentage of the gross revenues (from You Bet Your Life)". Fenneman also received residual payments for Dragnet. "Every time you see the show and hear me say 'The story you are about to see is true. Only the names have been changed to protect the innocent', I get a paycheck. A small one, but they add up".

Spurious credits
Oft-repeated statements that Fenneman is the voice of the US Naval Observatory Master Clock or the National Institute of Standards and Technology's radio station WWV are untrue. Those announcements were actually performed by Fred Covington (1928–1993).

Radio actor
Fenneman played Buzz, the co-pilot on the radio show I Fly Anything, a radio adventure drama, broadcast on ABC from November 29, 1950, until July 19, 1951.

Film and television actor
He appeared on screen in the 1951 film The Thing from Another World as "Dr. Redding", Fenneman was a neighbor of The Thing from Another World's director, Christian Nyby. A spontaneous on-set script revision convinced Fenneman his future was not in movie acting. Producer Howard Hawks took a long scientific speech away from Robert O. Cornthwaite's character Dr. Carrington, preferring to give exposition to a minor character (Fenneman). The scene was "the most difficult to shoot" in the science fiction film. Fellow cast member Kenneth Tobey said "George didn't even know what he was talking about, and it took him thirty takes to get through the speech". As a radio performer accustomed to reading from a script and not used to quick memorization, Fenneman stumbled over the technical gobbledegook ("We have the time of arrival on the seismograph..."), resulting in multiple takes of the scene. In the final film, viewers can see the other actors trying not to smile as Fenneman spouts the lines.

In the 1950s, he made appearances in serialized science and nature themed segments on The Mickey Mouse Club, including a February 1957 appearance as Dr. Bill Richards, who undertakes a difficult expedition into the wilderness in The Secret Of Mystery Lake.

Fenneman portrayed Randy Rambo in The Tom Ewell Show episode "The Prying Eye," broadcast on March 28, 1961. On October 20, 1966, he appeared as a newsman in "The Yegg Foes of Gotham", episode 48 of the Batman TV show.

In 1967 Fenneman appeared in the film adaptation of the Broadway show How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying as himself. In the film, he portrayed the host of a new television show who is introduced as "George Fenneman". He is credited at the end as "TV Announcer".

Personal life
Fenneman married his college sweetheart, Margaret "Peggy" Jane Clifford in 1943. They had three children. He died from respiratory failure at his home in Los Angeles, California, on May 29, 1997, at the age of 77. Fenneman's body was cremated, and the location of ashes is unknown.

Awards

 * 1981 — Hollywood Walk of Fame, 1500 Vine Street (location)
 * 1974 — National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles Chapter, Regional "Emmy" Award, Information Series - Talk About Pictures.
 * 1956 — Best Announcer, Television Critics of the United States, Motion Picture Daily and Fame magazines
 * 1955 — Best Announcer, Television Critics of the United States, Motion Picture Daily and Fame magazines
 * 1954 — Best Announcer, Television Critics of the United States, Motion Picture Daily and Fame magazines
 * 1953 — Best Announcer, Television Critics of the United States, Motion Picture Daily and Fame magazines
 * 1951 — Best Announcer, Television Critics of the United States, Motion Picture Daily and Fame magazines

title: George Fenneman


text:
Netherland (novel)

Netherland (2008) is a novel by Joseph O'Neill. It concerns the life of a Dutchman living in New York in the wake of the September 11 attacks who takes up cricket and starts playing at the Staten Island Cricket Club.

Plot summary
Netherland opens on protagonist Hans van den Broek, a Dutch financial analyst living in London with his English wife Rachel, but quickly flashes back to the years Hans spent in New York City before and in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. At the beginning of the novel, Hans is preparing to return to Manhattan for the funeral of estranged friend Chuck Ramkissoon, who becomes the central figure of the novel. Chuck, a Trinidadian immigrant, guides Hans into and through the world of The Staten Island Cricket Club, most of whose members are also of West Indian or South Asian descent. Chuck is a charismatic idealist, running multiple (occasionally illegitimate) businesses, and making big, optimistic plans for the future. While Hans is swept along by Chuck’s magnetic ardor for the American dream, Rachel moves back to London under the pretense of safety for their young son and ideological indignation over the American fixation on economic oppression. Though Rachel is a markedly less likeable character than Chuck, Hans eventually, inevitably follows her back to London. He loses touch with his Trinidadian friend who is discovered, years later, simply a body, handcuffed and disposed of in the Gowanus Canal.

Publication and reviews
The writing of Netherland occupied O'Neill for seven years. When it was finished, O'Neill had great trouble in finding an agent. The book was turned down by every major US publisher, until it was accepted by Pantheon Books, a division of Random House. Chief executive Sonny Mehta was a cricket fan, and after reading Netherland, wrote a strong personal recommendation to booksellers.

Netherland was published in May 2008 and was featured on the cover of the New York Times Book Review where senior editor Dwight Garner called it "the wittiest, angriest, most exacting and most desolate work of fiction we've yet had about life in New York and London after the World Trade Center fell". Later that year, the book was included in the New York Times Book Review list of "10 Best Books of 2008" as chosen by the paper's editors.

According to Book Marks, the book received "rave" reviews based on 9 critic reviews with 6 being "rave" and 2 being "positive" and 1 being "mixed". James Wood, writing in The New Yorker, called it "one of the most remarkable postcolonial books I have ever read". He wrote that it has been "consistently misread as a 9/11 novel, which stints what is most remarkable about it: that it is a postcolonial re-writing of The Great Gatsby." In an interview with the author published at the end of the Harper Perennial paperback edition, Joseph O'Neill remarks, "Clearly Netherland is having some sort of conversation with The Great Gatsby—saying goodbye to it perhaps, and to some of the notions associated with that wonderful book."

Awards and nominations
In the weeks leading up the announcement of the 2008 Man Booker Prize, Netherland was spoken of by some literary pundits as being the favourite to win. However, on 9 September 2008, the Booker nominee shortlist was announced and the novel, surprisingly at least for some critics at the New York Times, failed to make the list. The book was also nominated for the Warwick Prize for Writing (2008/9) and made it to the long list of that prize announced in November 2008.

Netherland won the 2009 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, and the 2009 Kerry Group Irish Fiction Award.

On 12 April 2010, Netherland was announced as one of the eight novels on the shortlist for the International Dublin Literary Award.

Translations
The punning title is untranslatable into Dutch, and the Dutch translation takes the title Laagland ("Lowland") rather than the more literal but ambiguous Nederland.

title: Netherland (novel)


text:
Bingen

Bingen may refer to:

Places

 * Bingen am Rhein, Germany, a town
 * Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof, a railway station
 * Bingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a municipality
 * Bingen Forest, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 * Bingen, Washington, United States, a city
 * Bingen Cirque, a cirque (type of valley) in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica

People

 * Bingen (surname)
 * Bingen Fernández (born 1972), Spanish former professional road bicycle racer
 * Bingen Zupiria, 21st century Spanish politician

Other uses

 * Bingen (horse) (1893-1913), an American racehorse
 * Bingen Technical University of Applied Sciences, Bingen am Rhein

title: Bingen


text:
Sigismondo d'India

Sigismondo d'India (c. 1582 – before 19 April 1629) was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was one of the most accomplished contemporaries of Monteverdi, and wrote music in many of the same forms as the more famous composer.

Life
D'India was probably born in Palermo, Sicily in 1582, though details of his life are lacking until around 1600. During the first decade of the 17th century he probably traveled widely in Italy, meeting composers, acquiring patrons at various aristocratic courts, and absorbing the musical styles at each locale. This was a time of transition in music history, as the polyphonic style of the late Renaissance was giving way to the widely diverse practices of the early Baroque, and d'India seems to have acquired an unusually broad grasp of the total stylistic practice in Italy: the expressive madrigal style of Marenzio, the grand polychoral work of the Venetian School, the conservative polyphonic tradition of the Roman School, the attempts to recover the music of the ancient world in monody and its larger vehicle, the newly developing opera, as well as the mannered, emotionally intense chromatic style of Carlo Gesualdo in Naples. D'India is known to have been in Florence, the birthplace of opera, as well as Mantua, where Monteverdi was working. In Naples he probably met Gesualdo, and by 1610 he was in Parma and Piacenza. The next year, 1611, he was hired by Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, to direct music in Turin, where he remained until 1623; these were the most productive years of his life, during which he amalgamated the disparate types of music he had heard and absorbed during the years 1600–1610 into a unified style.

After leaving Turin – apparently forced out by malicious gossip – he traveled around Italy for five months before settling for a time at the D'Este court in Modena (October 1623 to April 1624), and then moved to Rome; he seems to have died in Modena, although details on the end of his life are as sparse as they were for its beginning. A record exists of his being granted an appointment in Bavaria at the court of Maximilian I, although there is no evidence he went there; he may have died first.

Works
D'India's output consisted of music in most of the vocal forms of the time, including monodies, madrigals, and motets. His monodies, the most numerous and significant portion of his work, were of many types: arias, both through-composed and strophic, variations over ground basses, laments, madrigals in the monodic style, and others.

Stylistically, d'India's music has features in common with Monteverdi's music of the same period: expressive chromaticism, dissonances with unusual resolutions, and a keen sense of drama. Indeed, some of the longer monodies are effectively operatic scenes, though d'India did not write anything specifically called an "opera."

His polyphonic madrigals often borrow textural ideas from Gesualdo, especially in juxtaposing slow, intensely chromatic music with light, almost delirious diatonic passages; in this regard d'India was one of Gesualdo's few successors (until the 20th century). Some of d'India's later music is unusual in showing aspects of the influence of almost all of the contemporary composers in Italy within a single piece.

Publications:

 * Il primo libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1606)
 * Libro secondo de madrigali a 5 voci (1611)
 * Il terzo libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1615)
 * Il quarto libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1616)
 * Il quinto libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1616)
 * Il sesto libro de madrigali a 5 voci (unknown, presumed lost)
 * Settimo libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1624; no copies of the Alto part are known to exist)
 * Ottavo libro de madrigali a 5 voci (1624)
 * Villanelle alla napolitana, a 3 voci, libro primo (1608)
 * Libro Secondo delle Villanesse alla napolitana a 3,4, et 5 voci (1612)
 * Le Musiche e Balli a 4 voci (1621)
 * Le Musiche di Sigismondo D'India nobile palermitano da cantar solo (1609)
 * Le Musiche a 2 voci di Sigismondo D'India (1615)
 * Le Musiche del sig. Sigismondo D'India (1618)
 * Le Musiche del Cavalier Sigismondo D'India a 1 et 2 voci, libro quarto (1621)
 * Le Musiche del Cavalier Sigismondo D'India, libro quinto (1623)
 * Novi concentus ecclesiastici, 1610 [2–3vv)
 * Liber secundus sacrorum concentuum, 1610 (3–6vv)
 * Liber primus motectorum, 1627 (4–5vv, bc)

Sources and further reading

 * Bukofzer, Manfred, Music in the Baroque Era. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1947. ISBN 0-393-09745-5
 * Reese, Gustave. 1959. Music in the Renaissance, revised edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 0-393-09530-4

title: Sigismondo d'India


text:
Green Monster (automobile)

The Green Monster was the name of several vehicles built by Art Arfons and his half-brother Walt Arfons. These ranged from dragsters to a turbojet-powered car that briefly held the land speed record three times during 1964 and 1965.

The land speed record Green Monster set the absolute record three times during the close competition of 1964 and 1965. It was powered by a General Electric J79 taken from an F-104 Starfighter. The jet engine had a four-stage afterburner.

Early dragsters
The first Green Monster appeared in 1952. It was a three-wheeled dragster powered by an Oldsmobile six-cylinder engine and painted with left-over green tractor paint. The name was applied on the car's first outing by the track announcer, Ed Piasczik (Paskey), who laughingly said, "Okay folks, here it comes: The Green Monster", and it stuck to all Arfons' creations. The car only reached 85 mph, 20 mph short of the fastest car, but by 1953, Green Monster 2, a 20 ft long six wheeled car powered by an Allison V12 aircraft engine, was hitting 100 mph in the quarter mile.

Green Monster 2 was painted by Arfons' mother to resemble the World War II Curtiss P-40 Flying Tigers fighter airplane, with an open mouth showing large teeth. The top speed of the car was estimated at 270 mph, and it could reach 140 mph in nine to ten seconds from a standing start. Running on passenger car tires required four wheels on the rear drive axle to withstand the power. At the first World Series of Drag Racing at Lawrenceville, Illinois, it clocked the highest top speed at 132.35 mph, and eventually a world record of 145.16 mph.

The later cars had various paint schemes where green was not necessarily the dominant color. The six-wheeled Green Monster 6 became the first dragster to break 150 mph in the quarter mile. Green Monster 11, Art Arfons' favorite, hit 191 mph to beat Don Garlits.

Arfons used an Allison V1710 in several Green Monsters.

Land speed racing
The Arfons brothers split up, and each became interested in land speed racing.

The most famous Green Monster was powered by a surplus F-104 Starfighter General Electric J79 jet engine, producing 17500 lbf static thrust with four-stage afterburner, which Arfons purchased from a scrap dealer for $600 and rebuilt himself, over the objections of General Electric and the government, and despite all manuals for the engine being classified top secret.

The engine had been scrapped because of damage caused by ingesting a bolt. Arfons removed 60 blades out of approximately 1000 in the engine, removing broken blades and their counterparts at 180 degrees or the pair at +/-120 degrees to maintain balance. He tested it by tying it to trees in his garden, which drew complaints from his neighbors.

This car, painted in red and blue, set the land speed record three times during the close competition of 1964 and 1965 with averages of 434, in the flying mile (despite blowing a tire on the last record run). It competed against Wingfoot Express (built by his brother Walt, who could not pilot the car himself, having suffered a stroke) and Craig Breedlove's Spirit of America – Sonic 1, which eventually set the record at 600.601 mph.

In 1966, Arfons returned once again to the Bonneville Salt Flats but reached an average speed of only 554.017 mph. On run number seven at 8:03 a.m. on November 17, Arfons crashed his vehicle travelling 610 mph when a wheel bearing seized. He subsequently built another Green Monster land speed record car but sold it to California rancher Slick Gardner without driving it.

Later vehicles
In view of his wife's concern over the risk involved in land speed record racing, Arfons instead turned his talents to turbine-powered tractor pulling with great success, fielding a series of Green Monster tractor pullers with his son and daughter.

However, in 1989, Arfons returned to Bonneville with Green Monster 27, an 1800 lb, 22 ft long two-wheeler. The car left the ground at 350 mph, and Arfons rebuilt it into a less radical four-wheeled vehicle for 1990 but could manage only 177 ,. In 1991, he tried again, but once again, he had to give up on handling problems.

title: Green Monster (automobile)