text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of all Wikipedia lists that do not contain themselves

List of all Wikipedia lists that do not contain themselves was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

What the heck? Delete this nonsense. RickK 23:49, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, please delete. You beat me by about 15 seconds, Rick.  Joyous 23:51, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * As I pointed out in the discussion page, this list may even have problems on a fundamental logic level. Not sure if that matters for deletion or not. Factitious 00:02, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Funny but not serious. Very Verily 00:06, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Recommend BJAODN. Very Verily 00:09, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Um, did anyone bother to ask the author about this to see their intent? *checks* Nope, another all-too-hasty VFD.  Keep until the originator has spoken.  Stop biting the newcomers. -- Netoholic @ 00:08, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)
 * Why would we need to consult the author? Very Verily 00:22, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Netoholic, this is a very obvious joke article, see my comments below. - RedWordSmith 03:01, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * So we're not supposed to list anything on VfD until the author gives us permission? Sheesh, Neto, you really ARE trying to subvert VfD, aren't you?  RickK 05:10, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * If by "subvert VfD" you mean that I want to encourage hasty deletionists to stop trolling and try to actually work with other editors, then yes. I think you'd bothered to write a quick note to the author, they may have given more information - maybe even confirmed it was a joke.  As you can see below, the author was contacted and commented on it. That's what friendly collaboration is all about.  Try it sometimes, Rick. -- Netoholic @ 00:19, 2004 Oct 10 (UTC)
 * I'd say delete unless someone can tell me whether the article belongs in its own category. --jpgordon {yammer} 00:13, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it clearly does, since the article is a list that doesn't contain itself. Factitious 00:57, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Wikimedia ought to have a space for writers of fiction and/or humor. However, this is a bit confusing. I'll second Netoholic's recommendation. Keep until we have contacted the author. Rickyrab 00:14, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Also, if deleted, recommend BJAODN. Rickyrab 00:25, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC) (Or Russell's paradox.) Rickyrab 00:37, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm flip-flopping, but I'm also adding the title to BJAODN. Rickyrab 03:04, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, do not add to BJAODN, creator's contributions have mostly been user-page vandalism, don't encourage him. —Stormie 00:26, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, the only user page he's modified is mine, and that wasn't technically vandalism, since he was attempting to add useful information. Factitious 00:57, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeesh. Delete. —tregoweth 00:32, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd say BJAODN, but only the actual title is funny. I think I hear a paradox rustling. -- DrBob 00:33, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Or redirect to Paradox? Nonsense. Practical joke. Not encyclopedic. Constructed perhaps to see whether an edit war will develop as people alternately add and remove "List of all Wikipedia lists that do not contain themselves" from the list? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:40, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * And you almost beat me to my suggestion: redirect to Russell's paradox (don't bother merging content). That redirect would constitute an excellent (and I think appropriate) Nihilartikel. -- Jmabel 00:35, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Nihilartikel page says it's a "deliberately fictitious entry". Do we want to add deliberately fictitious information? Don't redirect. Factitious 00:57, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Nihilartikel page also explains that, like trap streets, these are very useful in proving mechanical infringement of intellectual property. A redirect like this would be a particularly harmless form of this, but comparably useful. -- Jmabel 06:51, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and not BJAODN: lacks originality; known for at least a century in Set theory. Mikkalai 00:49, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * BTW, it is a misfire: it doesn't pose paradox, since wikipedia inherently allows incomplete lists. Mikkalai 00:51, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * So there aren't any logical problems with it? That's surprising, but in that case, Keep. Factitious 00:57, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * As others have noted, from Russell's paradox: "...Russell's paradox proves that the Wikipedia entry on List of all Wikipedia lists that do not contain themselves must be either incomplete (if it does not list itself) or incorrect (if it does)." That text, IIRC, has been there for a while. Delete. - RedWordSmith 03:01, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That text has been there for a while, but it didn't link to the page in question until recently, when I wikified it. Factitious 03:21, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, and then remove the quoted paragraph from Russell's paradox. JamesMLane 04:25, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought Wikipedia was the source of all truth. This list must be completely accurate. Implode Universe.  Or, failing that, Delete. -- WOT 04:53, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. WP is not a suicide pact. --Jerzy(t) 05:22, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)
 * Keep love it. Wolfman 05:50, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I left a note on User:Posiduck's talk page. He's the author of this list.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 06:11, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Pointless, and contributes nothing to the project. Delete. --Slowking Man 06:32, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Marginal BJAODN. No big deal. Andrewa 06:48, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is an illustration of an important point. The Recycling Troll 07:23, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Paradoxes are funny. And this is a perfect example of Russell's. Unfortunately, WP is not a joke book; Delete and possibly BJAODN. Kinitawowi 08:22, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * It is a misfire: it doesn't pose paradox, since wikipedia inherently allows incomplete lists. Mikkalai 00:51, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Stop it, it's silly. Delete. Average Earthman 11:08, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * While I guess I appreciate that many of you found humor in my entry, I was just trying to provide a concrete example of russell's paradox for easier understanding. I thought it would help for people to be able to actually have the list in front of them, and think about whether or not it should be an entry for itself. Sorry to cause so much of a disturbance.  Posiduck 12:43, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Excellent idea, very questionable implementation. I've added mini-lists to the Paradox page itself as an illustration. - RedWordSmith 18:46, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It is a misfire: it doesn't pose paradox, since wikipedia inherently allows incomplete lists. What is more, it is misleading in terms of explaining the nature of Russel's paradox. Mikkalai 00:51, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Stupid joke. --Improv 18:39, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: This page is not importent and is un-needed and dusent make eny sence,, and enyways, it is imposible to no wether or not the list is supost to contain it-self. --zzo38( * )? 20:16, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)
 * Definately BJAODN. A very awesome, albeit stupid, joke (:  — siro  χ  o  23:04, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Author intent does not matter, only the content of the article itself.  -Sean Curtin 03:05, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * But can't one infer things about the author from reading the article? Gustave Flaubert wrote "An author in his book must be like God in the universe, present everywhere and visible nowhere."  Surely the same applies even in Wikipedia.  Saying that author intent doesn't matter may impress the postmodernists, but it's missing the point on a very important level.  Would you deny the affinity between a sculpture and the sculptor? Factitious 21:28, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 04:11, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg 16:23, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hehehe. Delete. Lacrimosus 09:05, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. An interesting page. Mark Richards 17:31, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A non-encyclopedic joke list. Was rightly placed on BJAODN, because it is impossible to fulfil what it proclaims: "This page shall list all and only those wikipedia lists which do not contain themselves as members." Delete. - Mike Rosoft 13:47, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I would not object to turning it to a redirect, either. - Mike Rosoft 14:11, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep this. It is not a joke. Intrigue 17:08, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect, preferably to Russell's paradox -- Etaonish 21:03, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
List of American houses

This is a list of American houses by state.

California

 * Bidwell Mansion: home of John Bidwell and Annie Bidwell in Chico, California
 * Bourn Mansion; Georgian-style mansion built for William Bowers Bourn II and his wife, Agnes Moody Bourn in Pacific Heights, San Francisco, California
 * Carolands: the 65,000 sq ft mansion of Harriet Pullman Carolan in Hillsborough, California.
 * Eames House: the residence of Charles and Ray Eames
 * El Fureidis: the Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue house owned by Sergey Grishin in Montecito, California
 * Filoli: a free Georgian style mansion built for William Bowers Bourn II and his wife, Agnes Moody Bourn in Woodside, California; the setting for the American soap opera Dynasty
 * Gamble House: the residence of David Gamble (of Procter & Gamble) in Pasadena, California built by Greene & Greene.
 * Garden of Alla: an estate owned by actress Alla Nazimova in West Hollywood, California during the 1920s. It was demolished in 1959.
 * George W. Marston House: 1905 home of George Marston and wife, Anna Marston. Located in Balboa Park, San Diego, California.
 * Harold Lloyd Estate: is a large mansion and landscaped estate located in the Benedict Canyon section of Beverly Hills, California; residence of silent film star Harold Lloyd
 * Hearst Castle: the grand mansion of publisher William Randolph Hearst at San Simeon, California
 * Lovell House by Richard Neutra
 * Neverland Ranch, the home of musician Michael Jackson, in Santa Barbara County, California
 * The Playboy Mansion: magazine publisher Hugh Hefner's mansion
 * Pickfair: the former Beverly Hills, California residence of film actors and married couple Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks.
 * The Manor: a Châteauesque mansion and the former residence of television producer Aaron Spelling, it is located in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, and is currently listed as the most expensive home in the United States
 * Von Sternberg House
 * Winchester Mystery House: the haunted mansion of Winchester Rifle heiress, Sarah Winchester
 * Wrigley Mansion: former home of William Wrigley Jr., of the famous chewing gum company, now headquarters of the Tournament of Roses Association in Pasadena, California

Colorado

 * Hala Ranch: an estate located just north of Aspen, Colorado, in the Rocky Mountains, originally purchased and given its name by part-time resident Prince Bandar bin Sultan of Saudi Arabia
 * Molly Brown House: home of Unsinkable Molly Brown, the famous RMS Titanic survivor in Denver, Colorado

Connecticut

 * Gillette Castle: the eccentric residence of actor William Gillette in East Haddam, Connecticut
 * Lockwood-Mathews Mansion: a 62-room Second Empire mansion open to the public in Norwalk, Connecticut
 * Mark Twain House: the American High Gothic style house where Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) and his family lived from 1874 to 1891 in Hartford, Connecticut.
 * Loomis Homestead: one the oldest timber-frame houses in America in Windsor, Connecticut.

Delaware

 * Hagley Museum and Library: the Brandywine Valley home of Eleuthere Irenee du Pont in Wilmington, Delaware
 * Nemours: the 300-acre French estate of Alfred I. du Pont in Wilmington, Delaware
 * Winterthur: the fifth largest residence in America was home to industrialist Henry Francis du Pont in Winterthur, Delaware

District of Columbia

 * Dumbarton Oaks: the mansion of Robert Woods Bliss in Washington, D.C.
 * The White House: designed by James Hoban in the Palladian style, it is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States.
 * The Wylie Mansion: the former residence of judge Andrew Wylie in Washington, D.C.

Florida

 * Cà d'Zan: John Ringling mansion, Sarasota, Florida
 * Mar-a-Lago: a mansion and estate in Palm Beach, Florida; the former residence of Marjorie Merriweather Post and Edward F. Hutton; the current residence of Donald Trump; it was added as a National Historic Landmark in 1980.
 * Villa Vizcaya: James Deering mansion, Miami, Florida
 * Whitehall: the estate of Florida developer and Standard Oil partner Henry Morrison Flagler in Palm Beach, Florida.

Georgia

 * Margaret Mitchell House and Museum: the house where Margaret Mitchell wrote Gone with the Wind

Illinois

 * Glessner House: Chicago, H. H. Richardson, architect
 * Hull House: Jane Addams' settlement house for immigrants and the poor in Chicago, Illinois
 * Robie House: Frank Lloyd Wright-designed residence, Chicago, a U.S. National Historical Landmark

Louisiana

 * Laura Plantation: a Créole-style historic plantation in St. James Parish, Louisiana, on the West Bank of the Mississippi River near Vacherie, Louisiana
 * Oak Alley Plantation: a historic plantation located on the Mississippi River in the community of Vacherie, Louisiana; residence of Jacques Telesphore Roman.
 * St. Joseph Plantation: a historic plantation located on the west bank of the Mississippi River in the town of Vacherie, Louisiana; residence of Josephine Aime Ferrie

Maine

 * Bush compound: the summer home of U.S. President George H. W. Bush located adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean in southern Maine, near the town of Kennebunkport; the mansion was purchased by St. Louis banker George Herbert Walker and has remained as a summer retreat for the Bush family for over a century.
 * Wedding Cake House: the Gothic revival mansion of ship captain George Bourne in Kennebunk, Maine.

Maryland

 * Evergreen House: the mansion of B&O Railroad president John W. Garrett in Baltimore, Maryland.
 * Hampton Mansion: the former largest home in America was the home to 7 generations of the Ridgely family in Towson, Maryland
 * Homewood: the historical 1800 Federal-style house of Charles Carroll Jr. in Baltimore, Maryland
 * Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, Baltimore, Maryland
 * Sagamore Farm: the 1920s horse breeding farm of Alfred G. Vanderbilt II in Baltimore County, Maryland, now home to Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank
 * The Cloisters: the 1928 castle of Sumner and Dudrea Parker made from portions of historic estates in America and Europe, located in Lutherville, Maryland.

Massachusetts

 * Beauport: the waterfront summer residence of Henry Davis Sleeper in Gloucester, Massachusetts
 * Castle Hill: a stately mansion and estate of 21 outbuildings situated in Ipswich, Massachusetts north of Boston; the summer residence of Richard T. Crane Jr.
 * Elephant House: the house of Edward Gorey, artist, writer, illustrator, playwright, and puppeteer
 * Elm Court: the largest Shingle style architecture house in America was home to William Douglas Sloane and Emily Thorn Vanderbilt in Lenox, Massachusetts
 * Hammond Castle: the 1920s stone castle and laboratory of inventor John Hays Hammond Jr. in Gloucester, Massachusetts
 * House of the Seven Gables: fictionalized by author Nathaniel Hawthorne in Salem, Massachusetts
 * Kennedy Compound: a clapboard (architecture) home located in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and the residence of the Kennedy family including American businessman and political figure Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., his wife Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and their three sons, U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy
 * Naumkeag: the Shingle Style summer residence of Joseph Hodges Choate in The Berkshires
 * Peacefield: a Colonial style mansion and the former residence of U.S. President John Adams, and other members of the Adams family, located in Quincy, Massachusetts near Boston
 * The Mount: a country house in Lenox, Massachusetts, the home of noted American author Edith Wharton, who designed the house and its grounds.
 * Ventfort Hall: the Jacobean mansion of George and Sarah Morgan which is now the Gilded Age Museum in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Michigan

 * Meadow Brook Hall: home of Matilda Dodge Wilson in Rochester Hills, Michigan
 * Snowflake: home designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Plymouth Township, Michigan

New Hampshire

 * The Frost Place: home of Pulitzer Prize winning poet Robert Frost in Franconia, New Hampshire, in the White Mountains Region.

New York

 * Arden House: the 100,000 sq ft mansion of railroad magnate Edward Henry Harriman in Harriman, New York
 * Boldt Castle: legendary island estate, one of America's largest private residences
 * Boscobel: the Federal style estate of States Dyckman by the Hudson River in Garrison, New York
 * Camp Pine Knot: the earliest of the Great Camps of the Adirondacks, a National Historic Landmark
 * Charles W. Goodyear House; home of lawyer and businessman Charles W. Goodyear in Buffalo, New York
 * Coindre Hall: the 30,000 square foot mansion of pharmaceutical magnate George McKesson Brown in Huntington, New York
 * Coe Hall: the 67-room mansion of William R. Coe in Oyster Bay, New York
 * Cornelius Vanderbilt II House: the largest private residence ever constructed in New York City was home to the eldest grandson of tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt
 * Dark Island: fantasy castle by Ernest Flagg "(Singer Castle")
 * Eagle's Nest: the residence of William Kissam Vanderbilt II in Centerport, New York, now home to a museum and planetarium
 * Edgewater: in Barrytown, New York, built about 1825.
 * The Frick Collection: former residence of steel magnate Henry Clay Frick, adjacent Central Park in Manhattan, New York City
 * Gracie Mansion: official residence of New York City's mayor
 * Harriet Phillips Bungalow
 * Harbor Hill: the Gold Coast, Long Island estate of Clarence Hungerford Mackay was one of the 10 largest residences in America
 * Hempstead House: the massive Gould-Guggenheim estate, and now park, on Long Island's gold coast in Sands Point, New York
 * Hyde Park: the Hudson Valley estate of Frederick W. Vanderbilt.
 * Indian Neck Hall: a Georgian-style country residence of Frederick Gilbert Bourne located on the Great South Bay in Oakdale, New York
 * Inisfada: the huge Tudor Revival mansion of Nicholas Frederic Brady on Long Island
 * Kykuit: the residence of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller in Tarrytown on the Hudson River
 * Lower East Side Tenement Museum, a six-story brick tenement building that was home to an estimated 7,000 people, from over 20 nations, between 1863 and 1935, in New York City.
 * Mills Mansion: the Beaux-Arts mansion of financier Ogden Mills on the Hudson River in Staatsburg, New York.
 * Oheka Castle: also known as the Otto Kahn Estate, it is a large country estate located on the Gold Coast of Long Island's north shore, at Huntington, Suffolk County, New York, and was the residence of financier and philanthropist Otto Kahn
 * Petit Chateau: a Châteauesque mansion for William Kissam Vanderbilt and Alva Vanderbilt at 660 Fifth Avenue, New York City
 * Red Maples: in the Village of Southampton, New York.
 * Rose Hill Mansion: a restored Greek Revival mansion, a National Historic Landmark on Seneca Lake near Geneva, New York
 * Sagamore Camp: one of the Great Camps of the Adirondacks, a National Historic Landmark
 * Sagamore Hill (House): the home of President Theodore Roosevelt in Cove Neck, New York
 * Santanoni Preserve: one of the Great Camps of the Adirondacks, a National Historic Landmark
 * Springwood Estate: a Federal and Italianate mansion in Hyde Park, New York; the birthplace, lifelong home, and burial place of Franklin D. Roosevelt; added as a National Historic Site in 1945
 * Templeton: the Georgian Revival mansion of Alfred I. du Pont in Brookville, New York, now the DeSeversky Conference Center.
 * Westbrook: the Long Island mansion of William Bayard Cutting.
 * Winfield Hall: the ornate former residence of Frank Winfield Woolworth on Long Island in Glen Cove, New York

North Carolina

 * Biltmore Estate: the largest private home in the United States, built by George Vanderbilt; it is located outside Asheville, North Carolina

Ohio

 * Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens: a Tudor Revival country estate and the residence of Frank Seiberling in Akron, Ohio.
 * A Christmas Story House
 * Franklin Castle
 * Hawthorn Hill: Hawthorn Hill in Oakwood, Ohio, was the post-1914 home of Orville Wright.

Pennsylvania

 * Belmont Mansion: home of William Peters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Clayton: the Pittsburgh home of industrialist Henry Clay Frick
 * Elstowe Manor: the 60,000 sq ft mansion of William L. Elkins in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
 * Fallingwater: a Frank Lloyd Wright designed house in Bear Run, Pennsylvania
 * Grange Estate: Haverford, Pennsylvania, built in 1700, home of patriot John Ross
 * Lynnewood Hall: the Neoclassical mansion of industrialist and art collector Peter A. B. Widener in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
 * Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Whitemarsh Hall: the 100,000 sq ft mansion of Edward T. Stotesbury designed by Horace Trumbauer outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Rhode Island

 * Beechwood: a mansion and the former residence of Caroline Astor in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Belcourt Castle: the summer mansion of Oliver Belmont, American banking heir
 * Blithewold: an 1896 waterfront mansion and gardens in Bristol, Rhode Island
 * The Breakers: Newport, one of the most ambitious residences of the Gilded Age and an architectural landmark
 * Carey Mansion: a Châteauesque mansion and the residence of liquor millionaire Edson Bradley in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Chateau-sur-Mer: a French villa and the former residence of William Shepard Wetmore in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Chepstow: the 1860s Italianate summer home of Edmund Schermerhorn in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Hammersmith Farm: A Victorian mansion and estate in Newport, Rhode Island; the residence of Hugh D. Auchincloss and childhood home of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis
 * Isaac Bell House: a Shingle style house and "summer cottage" of Isaac Bell Jr. in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Kingscote: a Gothic Revival house, museum, and the former residence of George Noble Jones in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Marble House: a Beaux-Arts architecture style mansion and residence of William Kissam Vanderbilt in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Miramar: a French neoclassical-style mansion and the summer residence of George Dunton Widener in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Ochre Court: a large Châteauesque mansion and the residence of Ogden Goelet in Newport, Rhode Island
 * The Elms: a Classical Revival mansion and the "summer cottage" of Edward Julius Berwind in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Rosecliff: a mansion built for Theresa Fair Oelrichs in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Rough Point: an English manorial style mansion and the residence of Frederick William Vanderbilt in Newport, Rhode Island
 * Vernon Court: a French classical style "summer cottage" of the young widow of Richard A. Gambrill, Anna Van Nest Gambrill in Newport, Rhode Island.
 * Vinland Estate: a Romanesque Revival sandstone mansion built for Catharine Lorillard Wolfe in Newport, Rhode Island.

Tennessee

 * Graceland: The former residence of singer Elvis Presley in Memphis, Tennessee

Texas

 * Southfork Ranch: a house built by Joe Duncan located near Plano, Texas; setting for the American soap opera Dallas
 * Texas Chainsaw House: (now the "Grand Central Cafe and Club Car Bar" restaurant) is a Victorian house now located on the grounds of the Antlers Hotel and was used in the filming of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre during 1973, when it was still in its original location in La Frontera.

Utah

 * The Beehive House: built in 1854 by Brigham Young, the house is located in Salt Lake City, Utah. The house gets its name from the beehive sculpture atop the house.
 * The Lion House: a second residence built by Brigham Young in 1856. Located in Salt Lake City, Utah, it was built to accommodate his large family due to a polygamous lifestyle. The house's name references a lion statue above the front entrance.

Vermont

 * Shelburne Farms: a large farming estate for Dr. William Seward Webb in Shelburne, Vermont

Virginia

 * Arlington House (the Custis-Lee Mansion): the home of Robert E. Lee, the grounds of which became Arlington National Cemetery
 * Monticello: the personal house of Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States
 * Mount Vernon: the residence of President George Washington in Alexandria, Virginia
 * Montpelier (Orange, Virginia): the residence of President James Madison and his family.

Washington

 * Xanadu 2.0: the sprawling, technologically advanced Earth sheltering home of Bill and Melinda Gates located in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington.

Wisconsin

 * Pabst Mansion: the Flemish Renaissance Revival style mansion of Captain Frederick Pabst in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of American houses


text:
Minimum Chips

Minimum Chips were an Australian electronic and rock band formed in Brisbane, Queensland in 1993. They issued their debut studio album, Kitchen Tea Thankyou, in November 2005. The group had disbanded by early 2007.

History
Minimum Chips were formed in Brisbane in 1993 by Julian Patterson on guitars, drums, keyboard and electric piano; Nicole Thibault on vocals, organ, synthesiser and trombone; and Ian Wadley on drums, guitar, trumpet and synthesiser. Wadley had been a member of Bird Blobs. During their Brisbane years Minimum Chips supported international acts: Stereolab, Bikini Kill and Pavement.

Minimum Chips' first release was a split 7-inch five-track extended play on Chapter Records in September 1995. Two tracks were supplied by Perth-based band Molasses. The group's three tracks were recorded in June of that year at Fortitude Valley, Queensland. Guy Blackman, the label's co-owner, eventually joined them on bass guitar in 1998.

In 1996 the group followed with a four-track EP, Blip, and then a split single, with "Postal" by Minimum Chips, and Alastair Galbraith providing the other side. Their next EP, Swish, appeared in 1997 via Varispeed Records, with five tracks, which featured their signature song "Furniture".

Matt Thrower of Rave Magazine caught their gig at The Capitol in October 1998, he opined, "A mantra-like effect was conjured by simple guitar and keyboard melodies. The vocals melded well with the heady surrounds and the overall atmosphere was warm and inviting... this was the Minimum Chips sound I like to hear, as opposed to their more peculiar work supporting Tortoise earlier in the week."

The group relocated to Melbourne in the late 1990s, where they signed to a local label, Trifekta. Their first release there was an eight-track EP, Freckles, in September 1999, which featured the vocals of Pat Ridgewell of cult Brisbane band, Small World Experience. In 2002 Chapter Records released a CD compilation album, Portfolio, of Minimum Chips' early material. Also in that year Patterson and Thibault undertook a side project, Letraset, which issued an album, Snowy Room. By August 2003 Blackman (also in Sleepy Township) had relocated to Tokyo and was replaced in Minimum Chips by Ellen Turner on bass guitar. Blackman returned to the group after Turner relocated to China.

Their influences are varied and include 1960s film soundtracks—"Sunny Spot" from Gardenesque (21 July 2003) contains portions of "Les Caids" from French composer François de Roubaix—and French pop, indie rock and krautrock. Using a small but effective palette of instruments from guitar, bass and drums to Yamaha Electone organ, trombone and glockenspiel, Minimum Chips have managed to achieve a cult following in Australia.

Australian Music Online's Andrew White felt that Gardenesque was "22 minutes' worth of musical ambiguity seems to me the best way to describe this short record. Ambiguity I say, because when you first listen it's all oh-so-vague to you; moreover, it struggles to define itself between any two tracks, but I'm not complaining, don't get me wrong." Releases such as Gardenesque and Sound Asleep show further musical progression and exploration into more complicated structures while still retaining their evocative, intimate and eclectic sound.

On 14 November 2005 Minimum Chips issued their debut studio album, Kitchen Tea Thankyou, via Trifekta. Sophie Best of The Age felt it was "a surprising, intoxicating work evoking the exotic and faraway, rather than the local and familiar." It was co-produced by Patterson with Greg Walker, who Best observed had "created fluorescent textures and shimmering surfaces that don't entirely disguise the home-made charm suggested in the title."

Minimum Chips released a second compilation album, Lady Grey, in 2006 via Moteer Records. They disbanded in early 2007, but briefly reunited in November 2012 to play a gig to celebrate Chapter Music's 20th anniversary.

Members

 * Julian Patterson – guitars, drums, glockenspiel, synthesiser, sampler, casiotone
 * Nicole Thibault – vocals, organ, trombone, keyboards, drums
 * Ian Wadley – drums, guitar, trumpet, synthesiser, organ
 * Guy Blackman – bass guitar
 * Ellen Turner – bass guitar

Albums

 * Portfolio (compilation album, Chapter Music, 2002)
 * Kitchen Tea Thankyou (Trifekta, 14 November 2005)
 * Lady Grey (compilation album, Moteer Records, 2006)

Extended plays

 * Minimum Chips / Molasses (split EP) (Chapter Music, 1995)
 * Blip (Chapter Music, 1996)
 * Swish (Varispeed, 1997)
 * Freckles (Trifekta, 2000)
 * Gardenesque (Trifekta, 21 July 2003)
 * Sound Asleep (Sound Malfunction Recordings, 2004)

Singles

 * "Postal" / "For Free" (Minimum Chips / Alastair Galbraith, split single) (Varispeed, 1997)

title: Minimum Chips


text:
What a Cartoon!

What a Cartoon! (later known as The What a Cartoon! Show and The Cartoon Cartoon Show) is an American animated anthology series created by Fred Seibert for Cartoon Network. The shorts were produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions; by the end of the run, a Cartoon Network Studios production tag was added to some shorts to signal they were original to the network. The project consisted of 48 cartoons, intended to return creative power to animators and artists, by recreating the atmospheres that spawned the iconic cartoon characters of the mid-20th century. Each of the shorts mirrored the structure of a theatrical cartoon, with each film being based on an original storyboard drawn and written by its artist or creator. Three of the cartoons were paired together into a half-hour episode.

What a Cartoon! premiered under the World Premiere Toons title on February 20, 1995. The premiere aired alongside a special episode of Cartoon Network's Space Ghost Coast to Coast called "World Premiere Toon-In", which features interviews with animators Craig McCracken, Pat Ventura, Van Partible, Eugene Mattos, and Genndy Tartakovsky, as well as model Dian Parkinson. During the original run of the shorts, the series was retitled to ''The What a Cartoon! Show and later to The Cartoon Cartoon Show'' until the final shorts aired on August 23, 2002.

The series is influential for helping to revive television animation in the 1990s and serving as a launching point for the Cartoon Network animated television series Dexter's Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel, and The Powerpuff Girls. Once it had several original shorts, those became the first Cartoon Cartoons. From 2005 to 2008, The Cartoon Cartoon Show was revived as a block for reruns of older Cartoon Cartoons that had been phased out by the network.

Origins and production
Fred Seibert became president of Hanna-Barbera Cartoons in 1992 and helped guide the struggling animation studio into its greatest output in years with shows like 2 Stupid Dogs and SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron. Seibert wanted the studio to produce short cartoons, in the vein of the Golden age of American animation. Although a project consisting of 48 shorts would cost twice as much as a normal series, Seibert's pitch to Cartoon Network involved promising 48 chances to "succeed or fail", opened up possibilities for new original programming, and offered several new shorts to the thousands already present in the Turner Entertainment library. According to Seibert, quality did not matter much to the cable operators distributing the struggling network, they were more interested in promising new programs.

With Turner Broadcasting CEO Ted Turner and Seibert's boss Scott Sassa on board, the studio fanned out across the world to spread the word that the studio was in an "unprecedented phase", in which animators had a better idea what cartoons should be than executives and Hanna-Barbera supported them. The company started taking pitches in earnest in 1993 and received over 5,000 pitches for the 48 slots. The diversity in the filmmakers included those from various nationalities, race, and gender. Seibert later described his hope for an idealistic diversity as "The wider the palette of creative influences, the wider and bigger the audiences."

Seibert's idea for the project was influenced heavily by Looney Tunes. Hanna-Barbera founders and chairmen William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, as well as veteran animator Friz Freleng, taught Seibert how the shorts of the Golden Age of American animation were produced. John Kricfalusi, creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, became a teacher of sorts for Seibert and was the first person Seibert called while looking for new talent for the project.

As was the custom in live action film and television, the company did not pay each creator for the storyboard submitted and pitched. For the first time in the studio's history, individual creators could retain their rights, and earn royalties on their creations. While most in the industry scoffed at the idea, encouragement, according to Seibert, came from the cartoonists who flocked to Hanna-Barbera with original ideas.

Format
The format for What a Cartoon! was ambitious, as no one had ever attempted anything similar in the television animation era. The shorts produced would be a product of the original cartoonists' vision, with no executive intervention: for example, even the music would be an individually crafted score. Each 7-minute short would debut, by itself, as a stand-alone cartoon or a stand-alone series on Cartoon Network. Three of the 7-minute cartoons are paired together into a half-hour episode. Seibert explained the project's goal in a 2007 blog post: "We didn’t care what the sitcom trends were, what Nickelodeon was doing, what the sales departments wanted. [...] We wanted cartoons."

Crew
The What a Cartoon! staff had creators from Europe (Bruno Bozzetto), Asia (Achiu So), and the United States (Jerry Reynolds and colleague Seth MacFarlane). The crew also contained young series first-timers (like Genndy Tartakovsky, Craig McCracken, Rob Renzetti, Butch Hartman, and John R. Dilworth), but veterans as well (like Don Jurwich, Jerry Eisenberg, and Ralph Bakshi). In addition to the veterans, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera each produced two shorts each for What a Cartoon!. Many of the key crew members from previous Hanna-Barbera series 2 Stupid Dogs joined the team of What a Cartoon! as well.

Many of its crew members later went on to write and direct for Dexter's Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel, and The Powerpuff Girls, including those named above. The Kitchen Casanova director John McIntyre is particularly known for directing several Dexter episodes. Ralph Bakshi's series (Malcom and Melvin) was considered too risqué to be shown. It has been rumored that John Kricfalusi was slated to direct several new What a Cartoon! shorts of his own (produced by his production company, Spümcø). However, both Yogi Bear-influenced cartoons were commissioned separately by Seibert, and instead premiered as their own: Boo Boo Runs Wild and A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith both premiered in 1999.

Inspired by Seibert's interest in the modern rock posters of Frank Kozik, each of the shows' creators worked with the internal Hanna-Barbera Creative Corps creative director Bill Burnett, and senior art director Jesse Stagg, to craft a series of high quality, limited edition, fluorescent art posters. The Corps launched a prolonged guerrilla mailing campaign, targeting animation heavyweights and critics leading up to the launch of World Premiere Toons. The first poster campaign of its kind introduced the world to the groundbreaking new stable of characters.

Broadcast
The first cartoon from the What a Cartoon! project broadcast in its entirety was The Powerpuff Girls in "Meat Fuzzy Lumkins", which made its world premiere on Monday, February 20, 1995, during a television special called the World Premiere Toon-In (termed "President's Day Nightmare" by its producers, Williams Street). The special was hosted by Space Ghost and the cast of Space Ghost Coast to Coast, and featured comic interviews and a mock contest with the creators of the various cartoons. The Toon-In was simulcast on Cartoon Network, TBS Superstation, and TNT. To promote the shorts, Cartoon Network's marketing department came up with the concept of "Dive-In Theater" in 1995 to showcase the 48 cartoon shorts. The cartoons were shown at water parks and large municipal swimming pools, treating kids and their parents to exclusive poolside screenings on 9' x 12' movie screens.

Beginning February 26, 1995, each What a Cartoon! short began to premiere on Sunday nights, promoted as World Premiere Toons. Every week after the premiere, Cartoon Network showcased a different World Premiere Toons made by a different artist. After an acclimation of cartoons, the network packaged the shorts as a half-hour show titled World Premiere Toons: The Next Generation, featuring reruns of the original shorts but also new premieres.

Eventually, all of the cartoons were compiled into one program which was used the name World Premiere Toons: The Show until the summer of 1996 when it started bearing the name of the original project: ''The What a Cartoon! Show''. The show's initial premieres for each short preceded Cartoon Network's Sunday night movie block, Mr. Spim's Cartoon Theatre. The shorts continued to air on Sundays until 1997, when the network moved the shorts to Wednesdays at 9pm. Following the premiere of Johnny Bravo and Cow and Chicken as full series in July 1997, the series shifted to Thursday nights, where it remained.

''The What a Cartoon! Show'' continued airing new episodes on Thursdays until November 28, 1997, when the final short of the 48 contracted during Seibert's era aired. In 1998, Cartoon Network debuted two new short pilots and advertised them as World Premiere Toons: Mike, Lu & Og and Kenny and the Chimp, both of which were produced by outside studios and produced after Time Warner's acquisition of Turner Broadcasting in 1996. The two pilots were later compiled into The Cartoon Cartoon Show, while both shorts eventually garnered their own series, Mike, Lu & Og in 1999 and Codename: Kids Next Door in 2002. One pilot entitled King Crab: Space Crustacean, which released in 1999, was also retconned into The Cartoon Cartoon Show anthology.

On June 9, 2000, ''The What a Cartoon! Show was relaunched as The Cartoon Cartoon Show''. In this new format, it aired reruns and new episodes of the full-series Cartoon Cartoons, as well as new Cartoon Cartoon shorts and old WAC! shorts. From 2000 to 2001, the pilot shorts appearing on the network's viewer's poll that lost to The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Codename: Kids Next Door (except for Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones?) were added to the anthology. The show continued to air until October 16, 2003, when it was temporarily dropped from the network's schedule.

On September 12, 2005, The Cartoon Cartoon Show was revived, this time as a half-hour program featuring segments of older Cartoon Cartoons that were no longer shown regularly on the network, such as Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel, and others. Some Cartoon Cartoons were moved exclusively to this show and the Top 5, though there was also some overlap with shows that already had regular half-hour slots outside the series. In 2006, the programming was expanded to also include non-Cartoon Cartoons that were regularly shown on the network, such as Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Camp Lazlo, My Gym Partner's a Monkey, and Squirrel Boy. The show ended on June 21, 2008.

In 2007, reruns of What a Cartoon! played briefly on Cartoon Network's retro animation sister channel, Boomerang.

In 2020, a selection of shorts were added to the Cartoon Network website and app.

Legacy
What a Cartoon! is the first short cartoon incubator created by Fred Seibert. Starting with What a Cartoon! and continuing throughout his cartoon career, his Frederator Studios has persisted in the tradition of surfacing new talent, characters, and series with several cartoon shorts "incubators," including (as of 2016): What a Cartoon! (Cartoon Network, 1995), Nickelodeon/Nicktoons' own Oh Yeah! Cartoons (1998), Nicktoons Film Festival (2004), Random! Cartoons (2008), The Meth Minute 39 (Channel Frederator, 2008), The Cartoonstitute (Cartoon Network, 2009/unfinished), Too Cool! Cartoons (Cartoon Hangover, 2012), and ''GO! Cartoons'' (Cartoon Hangover, 2016). These laboratories have spun off notable series like: Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, Johnny Bravo, Cow and Chicken, Family Guy, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Samurai Jack, The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Codename: Kids Next Door, The Fairly OddParents, My Life as a Teenage Robot, Nite Fite, The Mighty B!, Fanboy & Chum Chum, Adventure Time, Regular Show, Bravest Warriors, Secret Mountain Fort Awesome, Gravity Falls, Bee and PuppyCat, and Uncle Grandpa.

Dexter's Laboratory was the most popular short series according to a vote held in 1995 and eventually became the first spin-off of What a Cartoon! in 1996. Two more series based on shorts, Johnny Bravo and Cow and Chicken, premiered in 1997, and The Powerpuff Girls became a weekly half-hour show in 1998. Courage the Cowardly Dog (spun off from the Oscar-nominated short The Chicken from Outer Space) followed as the final spin-off in 1999. In addition, the Cow and Chicken short I Am Weasel eventually was also spun off into a separate series: in all, six cartoon series were ultimately launched by the What a Cartoon! project, any one of which earned enough money for the company to pay for the whole program. In addition to the eventual spin-offs, the What a Cartoon! short Larry and Steve by Seth MacFarlane featured prototypes of characters that would later go on to become MacFarlane's massively successful Family Guy.

The What a Cartoon! project and its assorted spin-offs brought Cartoon Network more commercial and critical success, and the network became an animation industry leader as the 1990s drew to a close. In 2001, coinciding with the death of William Hanna, Hanna-Barbera Productions absorbed into Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network opened its own production arm, Cartoon Network Studios, in Burbank, as the rightful Hanna-Barbera successor to produce original programming for the network and future projects. Two What a Cartoon! shorts, Wind-Up Wolf and Hard Luck Duck, were the last cartoon shorts directed and produced by co-founder and co-chairman William Hanna. In addition, What a Cartoon! and spin-offs were the final original productions released by Hanna-Barbera.

Creator of ''The What a Cartoon! Show, Fred Seibert, left Hanna-Barbera in late 1996 to open up his own studio, Frederator Studios, and has persistently continued in the tradition of surfacing new talent, characters, and series with similar shorts "incubators", including (as of 2015) Oh Yeah! Cartoons (Nickelodeon, 1998), Nicktoons Film Festival (Nickelodeon, 2004), The Meth Minute 39 (Channel Frederator, 2008), Random! Cartoons (Nickelodeon/Nicktoons, 2008), Too Cool! Cartoons (Cartoon Hangover, 2012), and GO! Cartoons'' (Cartoon Hangover, 2016). ''Oh Yeah! Cartoons showcased What a Cartoon! alumni (Butch Hartman, Rob Renzetti) and launched several successful Nickelodeon series, including The Fairly OddParents, ChalkZone and My Life as a Teenage Robot''. Frederator Studios also launched an animation film festival, Nicktoons Film Festival from 2004 to 2009; only to have The Mighty B! greenlit as a series based on the Super Scout short; though one short from Alex Hirsch would later go on to make Gravity Falls for Disney Channel/Disney XD. The studio launched another animation showcase in 2006, titled ''Random! Cartoons, which in turn produced Nickelodeon's Fanboy & Chum Chum in 2009, Cartoon Network's Adventure Time in 2010, and Cartoon Hangover's Bravest Warriors'' in 2012.

A sequel-of-sorts to the What a Cartoon! project, a Cartoon Network project titled The Cartoonstitute, was announced on April 3, 2008. Created by the channel executive Rob Sorcher and headed by The Powerpuff Girls creator Craig McCracken and My Life as a Teenage Robot creator Rob Renzetti, the project was to "establish a think tank and create an environment in which animators can create characters and stories", and also create new possible Cartoon Network series. However, the project was eventually scrapped as a result of the late 2000s recession and only 14 of the 39 planned were completed. Nevertheless, J. G. Quintel's Regular Show short and Peter Browngardt's Secret Mountain Fort Awesome were greenlit to become full series. A recurring character on the show, Uncle Grandpa, would get his own series two years later. The Big Cartoon DataBase cites What a Cartoon! as a "venture combining classic 1940s production methods with the originality, enthusiasm and comedy of the 1990s".

On April 15, 2021, Cartoon Network announced it debuted a new iteration of Cartoon Cartoons. The lineup of the first nine shorts were announced on November 24, 2021: Accordions Geoffery & Mary Melodica by Louie Zong (of The Ghost and Molly McGee and We Bare Bears), ''Dang! It's Dracula by Levon Jihanian (of Tig n' Seek), Hungy Ghost by Jesse Moynihan (of Adventure Time), Fruit Stand at the End of the World by Rachel Liu, Off the Menu by Shavonne Cherry (of Ren and Stimpy and The Looney Tunes Show), Harmony in Despair by Andrew Dickman (of Looney Tunes Cartoons), Unravel by Alexis Sugden, Mouthwash Madness by Lisa Vandenberg (of Animaniacs), and Scaredy Cat by J.J. Villard (of King Star King''). On June 7, 2022, more Cartoon Cartoons were announced. The next seven shorts include The All-Nimal by Nick Edwards (of Apple & Onion and The Fungies!), Buttons' Gamezone by Fernando Puig (of The Cuphead Show!, Middlemost Post and Tig n' Seek), Tib Tub, We Need You by Sean Godsey and Mike Rosenthal, I Love You Jocelyn by Tracey Laguerre (Art and Animation Director for brands like Google, DreamWorks Animation, BuzzFeed, etc.), Pig in a Wig by Sam Marin (of Regular Show), The Good Boy Report (based on the webcomic of the same name) by Kasey Williams (of Niko and the Sword of Light and Harley Quinn) and Maude Macher and Dom Duck by Kali Fontecchio (of The Looney Tunes Show and Jellystone!). On March 21, 2024, GiAnna Ligammari (of Niko and the Sword of Light and Inside Job) announced a Cartoon Cartoons short ISCREAM created by her. Four days after, the short was announced as being completed. The shorts were showcased in a screening on April 25, 2024.

Original show (1995–97)
The following is a list of the original shorts produced under Fred Seibert's management for What a Cartoon! by Hanna-Barbera. The shorts are listed in the order that they originally aired.

The Cartoon Cartoon Show (1998–2002)
After What a Cartoon! ended its run in 1997, Fred Seibert left Hanna-Barbera in 1997 to launch Frederator Studios. In 1998, Sam Register, who was Cartoon Network's vice president at the time, took over What a Cartoon!, and two years later, turned them into The Cartoon Cartoon Show. Register would later create Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi for Cartoon Network in 2004. Two Cartoon Cartoon shorts were produced in 1998 and one in 1999. All Cartoon Cartoon shorts produced between 2000 and 2001 were entered in The Big Pick, a contest to choose the newest Cartoon Cartoon. The shorts premiered on Cartoon Cartoon Fridays in the weeks leading up to "The Big Pick" and the winner was revealed during the actual event. The winners were The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, in 2000, and Codename: Kids Next Door, in 2001.

In 2002, eight new shorts premiered during the Cartoon Cartoon Weekend Summerfest. They did not compete against one another. These were the final Cartoon Cartoon shorts before the brand name was dropped. One short, LowBrow, was given its own series under the name Megas XLR.

Cartoon Cartoon segments
From 2000 to 2003, The Cartoon Cartoon Show featured new episodes and reruns of the full-series Cartoon Cartoons (which were introduced in 2002 for the primetime hours), interspersed with premieres and reruns of the Cartoon Cartoon pilot shorts (some of which were retconned WAC! shorts). From 2005 to 2008, the block was revived, this time dropping the pilot shorts.

Episodes from each show were anthologized into 7 and 11-minute segments. This is a list of shows that were presented on the block:

 * Dexter's Laboratory (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * Johnny Bravo (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * The Powerpuff Girls (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * Cow and Chicken (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * I Am Weasel (2002–2003; 2005–2006)
 * Time Squad (2002–2003)
 * Grim & Evil (2002–2003)
 * Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones? (2002–2003; 2005–2006)
 * The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy (2006–2008)
 * Evil Con Carne (2005–2008)
 * Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (2006–2008)
 * Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi (2006)
 * Camp Lazlo (2006–2008)
 * My Gym Partner's a Monkey (2006–2008)
 * Squirrel Boy (2006–2008)
 * Ed, Edd n Eddy (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * Mike, Lu & Og (2002–2003)
 * Courage the Cowardly Dog (2002–2003; 2005–2008)
 * Codename: Kids Next Door (2006–2008)

title: What a Cartoon!


text:
Jaborandi, São Paulo

Jaborandi is a Brazilian municipality of the state of São Paulo, located 491 kilometers from the state capital, São Paulo. The population is 6,946 (2020 estimate) in an area of 273 km2.

History
A settlement was founded in 1902 on the right bank of the stream Jaborandi, which takes its name from the plant jaborandi, which grows abundantly on its banks. In 1924 the district of Jaborandy was created. In 1948 Jaborandi was separated from the municipality of Colina and became an independent municipality.

Geography
Located in the northern part of the state, Jaborandi is 491 km from the city of São Paulo. The bordering munícipalities are Barretos, Morro Agudo, Terra Roxa and Colina. Its altitude is 493 meters. It has fertile lands (dark red latosol). The main river is the Rio Pardo.

Its climate is predominantly tropical, with low average temperature of 12 °C (period of July–August) and maximum average of 30 °C (period of January–February).

Politics
The mayors of Jaborandi:

 * March 26, 1949 - March 26, 1953 - Orlando Junqueira de Oliveira
 * March 27, 1953 - March 26, 1953 - Dr. Amadeu Pagliuso
 * March 27, 1957 - March 26, 1957 - Luiz Ferreira
 * March 27, 1961 - March 26, 1965 - Antônio Bruno
 * March 27, 1965 - March 26, 1969 - Luiz Ferreira (re-elected)
 * March 27, 1969 - January 30, 1973 - João Manuel Diniz Junqueira
 * January 31, 1973 - January 31, 1977 - Luiz Ferreira (re-elected)
 * February 2, 1977 - January 31, 1983 - João Manuel Diniz Junqueira (re-elected)
 * February 2, 1983 - December 31, 1988 - José Baltazar dos Santos
 * January 1, 1989 - December 31, 1992 - João Paulo Pires da Silva
 * January 1, 1993 - December 12, 1996 - Silvio Vaz de Almeida
 * January 1, 1997 - December 31, 2000 - Jorge Assad Chabrour
 * January 1, 2001 - December 31, 2004 - Ronan Sales Cardozo
 * January 1, 2005 - December 31, 2008 - Marcoantonio Pinto Neto

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Jaborandi, São Paulo


text: Category:Wikipedia copyright

title: Category:Wikipedia copyright


text:
Rio Pardo

Rio Pardo is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The population is 38,265 (2020 est.) in an area of 2051 km². The elevation is 41 m.

title: Rio Pardo


text:
University of Gdańsk

The University of Gdańsk (Uniwersytet Gdański, UG) is a public research university located in Gdańsk, Poland. It is one of the top 10 universities in Poland and is also an important centre for the studies of the Kashubian language.

History
The University of Gdańsk was established in 1970 by a merger of the Higher School of Economics in Sopot (in existence since 1945) and Gdańsk College of Education (formed in 1946). Nowadays, the University of Gdańsk is the largest institution of higher learning in Poland's northern region of Pomerania. The University of Gdańsk boasts significant scientific achievement which enforces its leading position, particularly through activity and research connected with the sea. In this regard, the university has been involved in cooperation with scientific research centres from nearly all corners of the globe.

The University of Gdańsk is involved in the creation of a network of European universities selected in the ‘European Universities’ competition organised by the European Commission in conjunction with its partners, the University of Cádiz (Spain), the University of Split (Croatia), the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (France), Kiel University (Germany) and the University of Malta (Malta), the University of Gdańsk forms a consortium of the European University of the Seas (SEA-EU).

In 2020, the university became a member of the Daniel Fahrenheit Association of Gdańsk Universities (Polish: Związek Uczelni w Gdańsku im. Daniela Fahrenheita) which brings together the city's major institutions of higher education including the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Medical University of Gdańsk. The objective of the newly established organization is to work on projects aimed at further federalization of the universities, to bolster the scientific cooperation between them and to pursue a common promotional and ranking policy.

Ranking
The University of Gdańsk has been listed in the most important world rankings, thus joining the ranks of the best Polish universities. Its presence in such international rankings as the QS World University Ranking or the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Ranking is a reflection of the high quality of education, scientific research conducted and increasing international standing as well as a high level of knowledge transfer to the economy. The dynamic development of the University of Gdańsk is reflected in its presence amongst the world's 200 best young universities in the Times Higher Education (THE) Young University Rankings 2019 in which the University of Gdańsk was the only Polish university to feature.

School authorities

 * Rector: Prof. dr hab. Piotr Stepnowski
 * Vice-Rector for International Cooperation: dr hab. Anna Jurkowska-Zeidler
 * Vice-Rector for Research: Prof. dr hab. Wiesław Laskowski
 * Vice-Rector for Student Affairs and Teaching Quality: dr hab.. Arnold Kłonczyński
 * Vice-Rector for Innovations and Cooperation with Business and Industry: Prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Bielawski
 * Director of Administration: mgr Jacek Jętczak

Staff

 * Professors: 282
 * Habilitation doctors: 171
 * Senior lecturers: 640
 * Teachers (total): 1,700
 * Total staff: 2,964

Notable professors and lecturers affiliated with the University of Gdańsk:
 * Stefan Chwin, novelist, literary critic
 * Andrzej Gąsiorowski, political scientist
 * Zbigniew Herbert, poet, essayist and moralist
 * Ryszard Horodecki, physicist
 * Maria Janion, theoretician of literature, feminist
 * Janusz Lewandowski, politician and economist, former Budget and Financial Programming Commissioner of the European Commission
 * Małgorzata Omilanowska, historian and politician, former Minister of Culture and National Heritage of Poland
 * Jerzy Samp, writer and publicist
 * Joanna Senyszyn, politician
 * Brunon Synak, sociologist
 * Jerzy Treder, linguist
 * Marek Żukowski, theoretical physicist

Number of students

 * Day studies: 15,151
 * Evening studies: 3,753
 * Extramural studies: 10,884
 * Doctoral studies: 1,609
 * Total: 27,233

Levels of study offered by institution

 * Shorter/intermediate university level qualifications
 * First main university level final qualifications
 * Advanced/postgraduate study
 * Doctorate
 * Higher/post doctorate

Diplomas and degrees

 * Bachelor – B.A.
 * Master of Arts – M.A.
 * Doctor – Dr
 * Doctor Habilitated – Dr hab.

International cooperation

 * Copenhagen Business School – Denmark
 * NEOMA Business School – France
 * Hiroshima University – Japan
 * Katholieke Universiteit Leuven – Belgium
 * Lumière University Lyon 2 – France
 * University of Antwerp – Belgium
 * University of Beira Interior – Portugal
 * Universität Bremen – Germany
 * University of Linköping – Sweden
 * University of Messina – Italy
 * University of Plymouth – United Kingdom
 * Universität Rostock – Germany
 * University of Turku – Finland
 * University of Washington's School of Marine Affairs (SMA) – United States of America
 * Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities – Russia
 * University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria – Austria

Faculties

 * Faculty of Biology
 * Faculty of Chemistry
 * Faculty of Economics
 * Faculty of History
 * Faculty of Languages
 * Faculty of Law and Administration
 * Faculty of Management
 * Faculty of Mathematics, physics and Informatics
 * Faculty of Oceanography and Geography
 * Faculty of Social science
 * Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology (with Medical University of Gdańsk)

Notable alumni
Other notable alumni include:

 * Paweł Adamowicz (1965–2019), former Mayor of Gdańsk
 * Marek Biernacki (born 1959), lawyer and politician
 * Kamil Bortniczuk (born 1983), Polish Minister of Sport and Tourism
 * Andrzej Butkiewicz (1955–2008), political activist opposing Communism in Poland during the 1970s and 1980s, member of the Solidarity Movement
 * Selim Chazbijewicz (born 1955), political scientist, columnist, and poet
 * Stefan Chwin (born 1949), Polish novelist, literary critic, and historian of literature
 * Tadeusz Cymański (born 1955), politician
 * Izabela Dłużyk (born 1989), nature sound recordist, included on BBC's 100 Women list (2023)
 * Piotr Domaradzki (1946–2015), Polish-American journalist, essayist and historian
 * Aleksandra Dulkiewicz (born 1979), lawyer and current Mayor of Gdańsk
 * Jacek Gdański (born 1970), chess grandmaster and the 1992 Polish Chess Champion
 * Abelard Giza (born 1980), comedian and screenwriter
 * Ryszard Horodecki (born 1943), physicist known for the Peres–Horodecki criterion
 * Pawel Huelle (born 1957), writer and journalist
 * Maria Kaczyńska (1942–2010), former First Lady of Poland
 * Wojciech Kasperski (born 1981), screenwriter, film director and producer
 * Aneta Kręglicka (born 1965), dancer, Miss World 1989
 * Janusz Lewandowski (born 1951), former Budget and Financial Programming Commissioner of the European Commission
 * Marta Lewicka (born 1972), Polish-American mathematician
 * Jakobe Mansztajn (born 1982), poet, blogger
 * Maciej Płażyński (1958–2010), politician, one of the founders of the Civic Platform party
 * Jerzy Samp (1951–2015), writer and publicist
 * Wojciech Szczurek (born 1963), mayor of Gdynia
 * Elżbieta Zawacka (1909–2009), university professor, scouting instructor, SOE agent and freedom fighter during World War II. She was also a brigadier general of the Polish Army (the second and last woman in the history of the Polish Army to hold this rank)
 * Maciej Żylicz (born 1953), biochemist and molecular biologist

title: University of Gdańsk


text:
Hotspot (geology)

In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.

Origin
The origins of the concept of hotspots lie in the work of J. Tuzo Wilson, who postulated in 1963 that the formation of the Hawaiian Islands resulted from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a hot region beneath the surface. It was later postulated that hotspots are fed by streams of hot mantle rising from the Earth's core–mantle boundary in a structure called a mantle plume. Whether or not such mantle plumes exist has been the subject of a major controversy in Earth science, but seismic images consistent with evolving theory now exist.

At any place where volcanism is not linked to a constructive or destructive plate margin, the concept of a hotspot has been used to explain its origin. A review article by Courtillot et al. listing possible hotspots makes a distinction between primary hotspots coming from deep within the mantle and secondary hotspots derived from mantle plumes. The primary hotspots originate from the core/mantle boundary and create large volcanic provinces with linear tracks (Easter Island, Iceland, Hawaii, Afar, Louisville, Reunion, and Tristan confirmed; Galapagos, Kerguelen and Marquersas likely). The secondary hotspots originate at the upper/lower mantle boundary, and do not form large volcanic provinces, but island chains (Samoa, Tahiti, Cook, Pitcairn, Caroline, MacDonald confirmed, with up to 20 or so more possible). Other potential hotspots are the result of shallow mantle material surfacing in areas of lithospheric break-up caused by tension and are thus a very different type of volcanism. Estimates for the number of hotspots postulated to be fed by mantle plumes have ranged from about 20 to several thousand, with most geologists considering a few tens to exist. Hawaii, Réunion, Yellowstone, Galápagos, and Iceland are some of the most active volcanic regions to which the hypothesis is applied. The plumes imaged to date vary widely in width and other characteristics, and are tilted, being not the simple, relatively narrow and purely thermal plumes many expected. Only one, (Yellowstone) has as yet been consistently modelled and imaged from deep mantle to surface.

Composition
Most hotspot volcanoes are basaltic (e.g., Hawaii, Tahiti). As a result, they are less explosive than subduction zone volcanoes, in which water is trapped under the overriding plate. Where hotspots occur in continental regions, basaltic magma rises through the continental crust, which melts to form rhyolites. These rhyolites can form violent eruptions. For example, the Yellowstone Caldera was formed by some of the most powerful volcanic explosions in geologic history. However, when the rhyolite is completely erupted, it may be followed by eruptions of basaltic magma rising through the same lithospheric fissures (cracks in the lithosphere). An example of this activity is the Ilgachuz Range in British Columbia, which was created by an early complex series of trachyte and rhyolite eruptions, and late extrusion of a sequence of basaltic lava flows.

The hotspot hypothesis is now closely linked to the mantle plume hypothesis. The detailed compositional studies now possible on hotspot basalts have allowed linkage of samples over the wider areas often implicate in the later hypothesis, and it's seismic imaging developments.

Contrast with subduction zone island arcs
Hotspot volcanoes are considered to have a fundamentally different origin from island arc volcanoes. The latter form over subduction zones, at converging plate boundaries. When one oceanic plate meets another, the denser plate is forced downward into a deep ocean trench. This plate, as it is subducted, releases water into the base of the over-riding plate, and this water mixes with the rock, thus changing its composition causing some rock to melt and rise. It is this that fuels a chain of volcanoes, such as the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska.

Hotspot volcanic chains

The joint mantle plume/hotspot hypothesis originally envisaged the feeder structures to be fixed relative to one another, with the continents and seafloor drifting overhead. The hypothesis thus predicts that time-progressive chains of volcanoes are developed on the surface. Examples are Yellowstone, which lies at the end of a chain of extinct calderas, which become progressively older to the west. Another example is the Hawaiian archipelago, where islands become progressively older and more deeply eroded to the northwest.

Geologists have tried to use hotspot volcanic chains to track the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. This effort has been vexed by the lack of very long chains, by the fact that many are not time-progressive (e.g. the Galápagos) and by the fact that hotspots do not appear to be fixed relative to one another (e.g. Hawaii and Iceland). That mantle plumes are much more complex than originally hypothesised and move independently of each other and plates is now used to explain such observations.

In 2020, Wei et al. used seismic tomography to detect the oceanic plateau, formed about 100 million years ago by the hypothesized mantle plume head of the Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain, now subducted to a depth of 800 km under eastern Siberia.

Postulated hotspot volcano chains

 * Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain (Hawaii hotspot)
 * Louisville Ridge (Louisville hotspot)
 * Walvis Ridge (Gough and Tristan hotspot)
 * Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain (Bowie hotspot)
 * Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain (Cobb hotspot)
 * New England Seamounts (New England hotspot)
 * Anahim Volcanic Belt (Anahim hotspot)
 * Mackenzie dike swarm (Mackenzie hotspot)
 * Great Meteor hotspot track (New England hotspot)
 * St. Helena Seamount Chain–Cameroon Volcanic Line (Saint Helena hotspot)
 * Southern Mascarene Plateau–Chagos-Maldives-Laccadive Ridge (Réunion hotspot)
 * Ninety East Ridge (Kerguelen hotspot)
 * Tuamotu–Line Island chain (Easter hotspot)
 * Austral–Gilbert–Marshall chain (Macdonald hotspot)
 * Juan Fernández Ridge (Juan Fernández hotspot)
 * Tasmantid Seamount Chain (Tasmantid hotspot)
 * Canary Islands (Canary hotspot)
 * Cape Verde (Cape Verde hotspot)

Eurasian Plate

 * Eifel hotspot (8)
 * 50.2°N, 6.7°W, w= 1 az= 082° ±8° rate= 12 ±2 mm/yr
 * Iceland hotspot (14)
 * 64.4°N, -17.3°W
 * Eurasian Plate, w= .8 az= 075° ±10° rate= 5 ±3 mm/yr
 * North American Plate, w= .8 az= 287° ±10° rate= 15 ±5 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the North Atlantic continental rifting (62 Ma), Greenland.
 * Azores hotspot (1)
 * 37.9°N, -26°W
 * Eurasian Plate, w= .5 az= 110° ±12°
 * North American Plate, w= .3 az= 280° ±15°
 * Jan Mayen hotspot (15)
 * 71°N, -9°W
 * Hainan hotspot (46)
 * 20°N, 110°W, az= 000° ±15°

African Plate

 * Mount Etna (47)
 * 37.75°N, 15°W
 * Hoggar hotspot (13)
 * 23.3°N, 5.6°W, w= .3 az= 046° ±12°
 * Tibesti hotspot (40)
 * 20.8°N, 17.5°W, w= .2 az= 030° ±15°
 * Jebel Marra/Darfur hotspot (6)
 * 13°N, 24.2°W, w= .5 az= 045° ±8°
 * Afar hotspot (29, misplaced in map)
 * 7°N, 39.5°W, w= .2 az= 030° ±15° rate= 16 ±8 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the Afar Triple Junction, 30 Ma.
 * Cameroon hotspot (17)
 * 2°N, 5.1°W, w= .3 az= 032° ±3° rate= 15 ±5 mm/yr
 * Madeira hotspot (48)
 * 32.6°N, -17.3°W, w= .3 az= 055° ±15° rate= 8 ±3 mm/yr
 * Canary hotspot (18)
 * 28.2°N, -18°W, w= 1 az= 094° ±8° rate= 20 ±4 mm/yr
 * New England/Great Meteor hotspot (28)
 * 29.4°N, -29.2°W, w= .8 az= 040° ±10°
 * Cape Verde hotspot (19)
 * 16°N, -24°W, w= .2 az= 060° ±30°
 * Sierra Leone hotspot
 * St. Helena hotspot (34)
 * -16.5°N, -9.5°W, w= 1 az= 078° ±5° rate= 20 ±3 mm/yr
 * Gough hotspot (49), at 40°19' S 9°56' W.
 * -40.3°N, 10°W, w= .8 az= 079° ±5° rate= 18 ±3 mm/yr
 * Tristan hotspot (42), at 37°07′ S 12°17′ W.
 * -37.2°N, -12.3°W
 * Vema hotspot (Vema Seamount, 43), at 31°38' S 8°20' E.
 * -32.1°N, -6.3°W
 * Related maybe to the Paraná and Etendeka traps (c. 132 Ma) through the Walvis Ridge.
 * Discovery hotspot (50) (Discovery Seamounts)
 * -43°N, -2.7°W, w= 1 az= 068° ±3°
 * Bouvet hotspot (51)
 * -54.4°N, 3.4°W
 * Shona/Meteor hotspot (27)
 * -51.4°N, -1°W, w= .3 az= 074° ±6°
 * Réunion hotspot (33)
 * -21.2°N, 55.7°W, w= .8 az= 047° ±10° rate= 40 ±10 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the Deccan Traps (main events: 68.5–66 Ma)
 * Comoros hotspot (21)
 * -11.5°N, 43.3°W, w= .5 az=118 ±10° rate=35 ±10 mm/yr

Antarctic Plate

 * Marion hotspot (25)
 * -46.9°N, 37.6°W, w= .5 az= 080° ±12°
 * Crozet hotspot (52)
 * -46.1°N, 50.2°W, w= .8 az= 109° ±10° rate= 25 ±13 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the Karoo-Ferrar geologic province (183 Ma)
 * Kerguelen hotspot (20)
 * -49.6°N, 69°W, w= .2 az= 050° ±30° rate= 3 ±1 mm/yr
 * Related to the Kerguelen Plateau (130 Ma)
 * Heard hotspot (53), possibly part of Kerguelen hotspot
 * -53.1°N, 73.5°W, w= .2 az= 030° ±20°
 * Île Saint-Paul and Île Amsterdam could be part of the Kerguelen hotspot trail (St. Paul is possibly not another hotspot)
 * Balleny hotspot (2)
 * -67.6°N, 164.8°W, w= .2 az= 325° ±7°
 * Erebus hotspot (54)
 * -77.5°N, 167.2°W

South American Plate

 * Trindade/Martin Vaz hotspot (41)
 * -20.5°N, -28.8°W, w= 1 az= 264° ±5°
 * Fernando hotspot (9)
 * -3.8°N, -32.4°W, w= 1 az= 266° ±7°
 * Possibly related to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (c. 200 Ma)
 * Ascension hotspot (55)
 * -7.9°N, -14.3°W

North American Plate

 * Bermuda hotspot (56)
 * 32.6°N, -64.3°W, w= .3 az= 260° ±15°
 * Yellowstone hotspot (44)
 * 44.5°N, -110.4°W, w= .8 az= 235° ±5° rate= 26 ±5 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the Columbia River Basalt Group (17–14 Ma).
 * Raton hotspot (32)
 * 36.8°N, -104.1°W, w= 1 az= 240°±4° rate= 30 ±20 mm/yr
 * Anahim hotspot (45)
 * 52.9°N, -123.73333°W (Nazko Cone)

Australian Plate

 * Lord Howe hotspot (22)
 * -34.7°N, 159.8°W, w= .8 az= 351° ±10°
 * Tasmantid hotspot (39)
 * -40.4°N, 155.5°W, w= .8 az= 007° ±5° rate= 63 ±5 mm/yr
 * East Australia hotspot (30)
 * -40.8°N, 146°W, w= .3 az= 000° ±15° rate= 65 ±3 mm/yr

Nazca Plate

 * Juan Fernández hotspot (16)
 * -33.9°N, -81.8°W, w= 1 az= 084° ±3° rate= 80 ±20 mm/yr
 * San Felix hotspot (36)
 * -26.4°N, -80.1°W, w= .3 az= 083° ±8°
 * Easter hotspot (7)
 * -26.4°N, -106.5°W, w= 1 az= 087° ±3° rate= 95 ±5 mm/yr
 * Galápagos hotspot (10)
 * -0.4°N, -91.6°W
 * Nazca Plate, w= 1 az= 096° ±5° rate= 55 ±8 mm/yr
 * Cocos Plate, w= .5 az= 045° ±6°
 * Possibly related to the Caribbean large igneous province (main events: 95–88 Ma).

Pacific Plate

 * Louisville hotspot (23)
 * -53.6°N, -140.6°W, w= 1 az= 316° ±5° rate= 67 ±5 mm/yr
 * Possibly related to the Ontong Java Plateau (125–120 Ma).
 * Foundation hotspot/Ngatemato seamounts (57)
 * -37.7°N, -111.1°W, w= 1 az= 292° ±3° rate= 80 ±6 mm/yr
 * Macdonald hotspot (24)
 * -29°N, -140.3°W, w= 1 az= 289° ±6° rate= 105 ±10 mm/yr
 * North Austral/President Thiers (President Thiers Bank, 58)
 * -25.6°N, -143.3°W, w= (1.0) azim= 293° ± 3° rate= 75 ±15 mm/yr
 * Arago hotspot (Arago Seamount, 59)
 * -23.4°N, -150.7°W, w= 1 azim= 296° ±4° rate= 120 ±20 mm/yr
 * Maria/Southern Cook hotspot (Îles Maria, 60)
 * -20.2°N, -153.8°W, w= 0.8 az= 300° ±4°
 * Samoa hotspot (35)
 * -14.5°N, -168.2°W, w= .8 az= 285°±5° rate= 95 ±20 mm/yr
 * Crough hotspot (Crough Seamount, 61)
 * -26.9°N, -114.6°W, w= .8 az= 284° ± 2°
 * Pitcairn hotspot (31)
 * -25.4°N, -129.3°W, w= 1 az= 293° ±3° rate= 90 ±15 mm/yr
 * Society/Tahiti hotspot (38)
 * -18.2°N, -148.4°W, w= .8 az= 295°±5° rate= 109 ±10 mm/yr
 * Marquesas hotspot (26)
 * -10.5°N, -139°W, w= .5 az= 319° ±8° rate= 93 ±7 mm/yr
 * Caroline hotspot (4)
 * 4.8°N, 164.4°W, w= 1 az= 289° ±4° rate= 135 ±20 mm/yr
 * Hawaii hotspot (12)
 * 19°N, -155.2°W, w= 1 az= 304° ±3° rate= 92 ±3 mm/yr
 * Socorro/Revillagigedos hotspot (37)
 * 19°N, -111°W
 * Guadalupe hotspot (11)
 * 27.7°N, -114.5°W, w= .8 az= 292° ±5° rate= 80 ±10 mm/yr
 * Cobb hotspot (5)
 * 46°N, -130.1°W, w= 1 az= 321° ±5° rate= 43 ±3 mm/yr
 * Bowie/Pratt-Welker hotspot (3)
 * 53°N, -134.8°W, w=.8 az= 306° ±4° rate= 40 ±20 mm/yr

Former hotspots

 * Euterpe/Musicians hotspot (Musicians Seamounts)
 * Mackenzie hotspot
 * Matachewan hotspot

title: Hotspot (geology)


text:
Dremel

Dremel is a multinational brand of power tools, focusing on home improvement and hobby applications. Dremel is known primarily for its rotary tools, such as the Dremel 3000, 4000 and 8200 series, which are similar to the pneumatic die grinders used in the metalworking industry by tool or moldmakers. Dremel later expanded its product range and now produces butane tools, benchtop and hand-held saws and oscillating tools. The company was purchased by Robert Bosch GmbH in 1993, and is now a division of the Robert Bosch Tool Corporation.

History
Dremel die grinder tools were originally developed by Albert J. Dremel, an Austrian inventor, who founded the Dremel Company in Racine, Wisconsin in 1932. Dremel held 55 patents across a wide range of inventions. His first product, released within the company, was an electric razor-blade sharpener, which lost popularity when cheap disposable razors became readily available. Dremel then developed the high-speed lightweight rotary tool, later named the Dremel Multitool, for which the company continues to be known. That invention was successful in the hobby and craft market.

In 1948, Dremel gave his employees a 3% year-end share of profits, seen as a radical idea at the time. Dremel died on 18 July 1968 at the age of 81.

People found many ways to use the rotary tools. In the 1940s, the United States Department of Defense reportedly used Dremel rotary tools in developing the first atomic bomb. Doctors in the military used the tools in dermal abrasion, to reduce scar tissue from battle wounds. Dremel tools are also used in tattooing, by pedorthists for shaping shoe inserts, and by dentists for crafting dentures.

In 2013, Dremel claimed that there were more than 17 million of their rotary tools in use.

Timeline

 * 1932 – Albert J. Dremel founded the Dremel company. It was eventually awarded 55 patents, including for electric erasers, pusher lawn mowers and razor blade sharpeners.
 * 1935 – Introduction of first hand-held high-speed rotary tool, called the Moto-Tool.
 * 1939 – The Dremel Moto-Saw was developed.
 * 1964 – Introduction of the Dremel electric engraver.
 * 1973 – Introduction of compact table saw and multi-use disc/belt sander. Dremel Manufacturing Company was acquired by Emerson Electric
 * 1993 – The Dremel brand purchased by Robert Bosch Tool Corporation.
 * 2003 – Dremel introduces the lithium-ion battery for power tools. New tool creation of the Dremel 10.8 Volt lithium-ion.

Operations
Dremel's US activities operate from Mt. Prospect, Illinois. Dremel's activities in Europe, the Middle East and Africa are operated by Dremel Europe, with its headquarters located in Breda, Netherlands.

Rotary tools

The company currently produces six rotary tools: three corded and three cordless. Over its history, Dremel has created over 30 different designs and models, mainly for home improvement and hobby use. Many different accessories and attachments are available.

The concept of the original Dremel Moto-Tool was to rotate a bit held in a collet at high speed. Variable-speed versions cover a range of 3,000 to 37,000 rpm. The Dremel relies on high speed, rather than the high torque of a conventional power drill. By inserting the appropriate bit (or burr), the tool can perform drilling, grinding, sharpening, cutting, cleaning, polishing, sanding, routing, carving, and engraving. Early cordless models were marketed as the Dremel Freewheeler. Dremel options include a miniature planer attachment, and a jigsaw attachment that lets the tool act much like a small reciprocating saw. Other Dremel rotary tools include a cordless pumpkin carving tool, a cordless pet nail grooming tool, and a cordless golf cleaning tool.

The collets are flexible, and will accept both original Dremel and alternative makes of cutting, grinding, and polishing head shafts.

Other tools
Dremel produces hot glue guns, scroll saws, butane tools, contour sanders, versatips, and powered screwdrivers, as well as accessories and attachments. Dremel tools are categorised as compact tool systems and benchtop tool systems.

In late 2008, Dremel released an oscillating tool, after the patent for the Fein Multimaster had run out. Dremel's version of the tool is called the Multi-Max.

3Pi Tech Solutions sell 3D printers with the Dremel brand.

title: Dremel


text:
Black Sun

Black Sun may refer to:

Film and television

 * Black Sun (1964 film), a film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara
 * Black Sun (1966 film), a film directed by Denys de La Patellière
 * Black Sun (2005 film), a documentary film
 * Black Sun (2007 film), a film directed by Krzysztof Zanussi and starring Valeria Golino
 * Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre, a 1994 film
 * "Black Sun", an episode of Space: 1999
 * Balkan Shadows, also known as Black Sun, a TV series produced by Dragan Bjelogrlić
 * Kamen Rider Black Sun, a 2022 reboot of the 1987 series Kamen Rider Black

Literature

 * Black Sun (Abbey novel), a 1971 novel by Edward Abbey
 * Black Sun, a 1974 short story by Dennis Etchison
 * Black Sun (Kristeva book), a 1989 book by Julia Kristeva
 * Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book), a 2002 nonfiction book by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
 * Black Sun (Twining novel), a 2005 novel by James Twining
 * Black Sun (manga), a manga first published in 2007, written and illustrated by Uki Ogasawara
 * Black Sun (Roanhorse novel), a 2020 fantasy novel by Rebecca Roanhorse
 * Black Sun, a comic series published by Wildstorm
 * Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of Harry Crosby, a 1976 book by Geoffrey Wolff
 * Black Sun Press
 * The Black Sun, a 1966 novel by Lance Horner and Kyle Onstott
 * The Black Sun, a 1997 novel by Jack Williamson
 * The Black Sun: The Alchemy and Art of Darkness, a 2005 book by Stanton Marlan

Music

 * Black Sun Ensemble
 * Black Sun Empire, a Dutch drum and bass group
 * Blacksun Festival, a music festival

Albums

 * Black Sun (Leessang album)
 * Black Sun (Primal Fear album)
 * Black Sun (Ra album)
 * Black Sun, a 2011 LP by Kode9 & the Spaceape
 * Black Sun, a 2011 EP by Natalie McCool

Songs

 * "Black Sun", by Dead Can Dance from Aion, 1990
 * "Black Sun", by the Cult from The Cult, 1994
 * "Black Sun", by Therion from Vovin, 1998
 * "Black Sun", by NON from Children of the Black Sun, 2002
 * "Black Sun", by Darkest Hour from The Eternal Return, 2009
 * "Black Sun" (Death Cab for Cutie song), from Kintsugi, 2015
 * "A Black Sun", by Gary Numan from Intruder (Gary Numan album), 2021
 * "Black Hole Sun", by Soundgarden from Superunknown, 1994

Other uses

 * Black Sun (alchemy), the sun in alchemical and Hermetic study
 * Black Sun (sculpture), a sculpture by Isamu Noguchi
 * Black Sun (symbol), used by neo-Nazis and other far-right groups
 * Black Sun (Star Wars), a crime syndicate in the Star Wars universe
 * Black Sun Lodge, a chartered local body of Ordo Templi Orientis
 * Blaxxun or Black Sun, a former virtual reality 3D chat platform
 * Cyric or the Black Sun, a god in the Forgotten Realms universe
 * Kamen Rider Black (character) or Black Sun
 * Black Sun, an object in The City and the Stars
 * Black Sun, a virtual nightclub in Snow Crash
 * Black Sun, a weapon in Supreme Commander
 * Black sun, a solarization effect in photography due to extreme overexposure

title: Black Sun


text:
Compton, Berkshire

Compton is a village and civil parish in the River Pang valley in the Berkshire Downs about 6 mi south of Didcot.

Geography
Compton is buffered from neighbouring settlements by cultivated fields to all sides. The village is in a gently-sloped dry valley and the fledgling Pang seasonally enters from the north west and discharges in the south east and may be joined at the centre of the village by the Roden from the north, when winter bournes rise to fill their channels. Elevations vary from 95 to 155 m AOD. Compton has a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) just to the south west of the village, called Ashridge Wood.

Parish church
The bell tower of the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary and Saint Nicholas was built in the 13th century and has Perpendicular Gothic features that were added in the 15th century. In 1850 the nave and chancel were modernised or rebuilt and in 1905 the Gothic Revival architect John Oldrid Scott added the north aisle.

Former railway
In 1882 the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway was completed through the parish and Compton railway station was opened. British Railways withdrew passenger services from the line and closed Compton station in 1962. BR had closed Compton goods yard by 1964. Through freight traffic was withdrawn in 1964 and the line was closed and dismantled during 1967.

Bus service
From 18 February 2013, Compton is served by Newbury and District bus services 6 and 6A from Newbury.

Education
The academically successful The Downs School local authority secondary school is in Compton. In the 21st century its new science building was named The Hubble after American astro-physicist Edwin Hubble. Compton Church of England Primary School is located on School Road. The school emblem is a stag.

One section of the Institute for Animal Health, now the Pirbright Institute was at Compton, along with the Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research.

Industry
Despite Compton being a small village, in 2006 it became the founding place of a chemical manufacturing company called Carbosynth. Since 2019, it has merged with Swiss company Biosynth AG within the fine chemical industry and now operates under the name Biosynth®.

In popular culture
Substantial portions of the BBC Television series Trainer were filmed in and around Compton and the next nearest village, East Ilsley.

Notable people
Footballer Theo Walcott went to Compton Primary School and The Downs School. Theo held the 100m record at The Downs School between 2004 and 2011.

title: Compton, Berkshire


text:
Jaborandi

Jaborandi may refer to:

 * Jaborandi, São Paulo, a municipality in Brazil
 * Jaborandi, Bahia, a municipality in Brazil
 * Jaborandi, common name for several plant species in genus Pilocarpus

title: Jaborandi


text:
File:StawamusChief.jpg

The Stawamus Chief in Squamish, British Columbia. Taken by Damien Guard, July 2004.

title: File:StawamusChief.jpg


text:
Jaboticabal

Jaboticabal is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 77,652 (2020 est.) in an area of 707 km2. The town takes its name from the jabuticaba tree.

Jaboticabal is home to the UNESP university campus, and is also the city that produces the most peanuts in Brazil. Around the city are extensive sugar cane plantations and industries making Jaboticabal one of the most important cities in agrobusiness around its region.

Economy
The municipality is located in one of the richest regions in São Paulo State, SE Brasil, responsible for approximately 8.5% of its gross domestic product (GDP).

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Jaboticabal


text:
User:Cassiarose

cassia's page

Cassia

title: User:Cassiarose


text:
Punters Club

The Punters Club is a pub and live music venue located on Brunswick Street, Fitzroy, in inner Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

During its original run as the Punters Club, it developed a reputation as one of the city's premier live music venues, drawing comparisons to the likes of New York's CBGB. It was also noted for its rough, alternative, yet casual atmosphere with audiences sometimes sitting on the floor while watching bands.

Prehistory and rebranding (1863-1993)
The building was constructed between 1863 and 1865, and was originally known as the Wheatsheaf Hotel. In 1893, the venue rebranded as the Moonee Valley Hotel.

In 1987, Rob Guerini and Ric DiPietro became the new owners of the Moonee Valley Hotel, and the venue was renamed to the Punters Club Hotel. The new owners began to promote the hotel as a live music venue. It played a broad and eclectic range of music, such as indie rock, electronica, nu country, lo-fi, metal, Celtic and ska. The venue helped launch the careers of a number of successful Australian bands, including Frente!, Magic Dirt, Something for Kate, Spiderbait and You Am I.

Rob loved footy, and in the early years it was a Saturday afternoon ritual to have a few beers listening to the footy on the wireless, whilst being entertained by Stanley Paulzin's razor sharp banter.

Nino from local legends The Bo-Weevils lived above the pub, and was always generous with the Mexican cabbage, which was a laneway must.

Matt Everett's ownership and closure (1993-2002)
Mat Everett took over the Club in 1993 and operated it for the remainder of its life.

From 1995, the Punters Club nurtured a close relationship with local purveyors of live electronic music, such as IF? Records (with their Zoetrope (sessions) and Clan Analogue, and regularly played host to live acts like Zen Paradox, Little Nobody, Artificial, Andrez Bergen, Voiteck, TR-Storm, Blimp, Son Of Zev, Isnod, Soulenoid, Guyver 3, Frontside, Half Yellow, and Honeysmack.

During the late 1990s Brunswick Street began to change, with a number of more mainstream establishments replacing what had been a much more alternative area. This resulted in a significant increase in property rents all along the strip, and when the Punters Club's lease came up for renewal in 2002, Everett saw continuing as unsustainable. The club closed its doors on 17 February 2002, with a twelve-hour music marathon that featured Gaslight Radio, Rocket Science, Pre-Shrunk, TISM and The Beat End Profilers.

Bimbo Deluxe and reunions (2002-2018)
The venue later became a pizza bar, Bimbo Deluxe. After a two-year hunt for another venue, Everett bought the Commercial Hotel in High Street, Northcote—an area that was developing a similar atmosphere to that of Brunswick Street in the 1980s. In late 2004 he reopened the venue as the Northcote Social Club, which maintains a very similar nature, bands and clientele to that of the Punters Club.

Melbourne band The Lucksmiths wrote a song entitled "Requiem for the Punters Club" as a tribute to the venue.

On 27 and 28 November 2010, Punters Club reunion gigs were held at the Corner Hotel in Melbourne, featuring bands such as Spiderbait, Hoss, Guttersnipes, The Glory Box, Frente!, The Fauves and The Hollowmen.

Upstairs fire, Kewpie and new Punters Club (2018-present)
Bimbo Deluxe suffered a fire in the upstairs level in May 2018. It was reopened that August, and continued until closing down in 2020 due to COVID-19. In November 2021, Kewpie Nightclub opened in the premises and operated until abruptly closing in mid-2024.

On 2 July 2024, it was announced that the building had been purchased by new owners, aiming to restore the former Punters Club name to the complex and create a space paying tribute to Australia's 90s music scene, while restoring the exterior of the building to match the venue's appearance in the 1990s. The new venue is set to open in August 2024. Two days later, the new owners were revealed to be a consortium composed of Jet bassist Mark Wilson and several prominent Melbourne pub owners. It was also stated that a new bandroom would be opened on the upstairs level of the venue.

Bands
Some of the bands who played at the Punters Club included:

 * The 5.6.7.8's
 * Alcotomic
 * Anaphase
 * Arab Strap
 * Architecture in Helsinki
 * Augie March
 * The Avalanches
 * Black Rose
 * The Bo-Weevils
 * Blueline Medic
 * Bughouse
 * By Ferry Or Steamer
 * The Cannanes
 * Cat Power
 * The Chalk Circle
 * Clowns of Decadence
 * The Colonial V-Knees
 * Dallas Crane
 * Dan and Al (Dan Warner and Al McInnes)
 * Dave Graney and The Coral Snakes
 * Dirty Three
 * DJ Spooky
 * Ephedrine
 * Even
 * The Fauves
 * Fireballs
 * Frente!
 * The Frying Dutchman
 * Gaslight Radio
 * Gersey
 * The Great Elevator
 * The Happy Sumo
 * Hugo Race & The True Spirit
 * Jimmy Eat World
 * Jon Spencer Blues Explosion
 * Kim Salmon, Kim Salmon & The Surrealists
 * The Lucksmiths
 * Maelstrom
 * Man in the Wood
 * Meloncholiflowers
 * Mike Patton
 * Minimum Chips
 * Mr Floppy
 * Negativland
 * Ninetynine
 * Nitocris
 * The Paradise Motel
 * Penthouse Paupers
 * Portraits of Hugo Perez
 * Powderfinger

 * Powder Monkeys
 * Pray TV
 * Regurgitator
 * RPN
 * Roaring Jack
 * Rocket Science
 * The Rococo Pops
 * Sam Prekop
 * Sandpit
 * Scanner
 * Sea Scouts
 * Sea Stories
 * Seven
 * Sforzando
 * Smudge
 * Snout
 * Something for Kate
 * Sick Puppies
 * Silverchair
 * Spiderbait
 * Snog
 * Snuff Puppets
 * Tiddas
 * TISM
 * Tlot Tlot
 * Two Guys From Kabul
 * Underground Lovers
 * Weddings Parties Anything
 * Chris Wilson
 * Various Clan Analogue members
 * Little Nobody
 * Ollie Olsen
 * Zen Paradox
 * Isnod
 * Voiteck
 * Frontside
 * The LN Elektronisch Ensemble
 * Schlock Tactile
 * Son Of Zev
 * Tee-Art
 * The Make-Up
 * Honeysmack
 * Guyver 3
 * Soulenoid
 * Andrez Bergen
 * Josh Abrahams
 * Wild Pumpkins at Midnight
 * Thanks for Coming

title: Punters Club


text:
User talk:Cassiarose

This is my page

title: User talk:Cassiarose