text:
Talk:Captain Thunderbolt

Comment
I was editing this page when someone added a copyright violation. The person who added the content was my father Barry Sinclair who is unfamiliar with the protocols for Wikipedia. The content is his own material as he will no doubt advise. I am sure he will work out the rules soon enough and do all the correct things. --Peacenik 12:15, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hi Peacenik. Your father will need to release this material under the GNU FDL before it can be posted on Wikipedia. He can make a statement on this talk page to that effect (but bear in mind No original research), but he should be aware that the text will be subject to editing by all and sundry. If he is happy to see this happen to what is obviously a labour of love, then encourage him to register and carry on adding to Wikipedia. Cheers. Noisy | Talk 12:42, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hi my name is Barry Sinclair, I am the copyright holder of all the material I am about to enter & have my own web page on the topic of Captain Thunderbolt, an Australian Bushranger from NSW, Australia at URL http://www4.tpg.com.au/users/barrymor/thunderbolt.html. --12.35, 2 October, 2004 (UTC)

This page appears to be rich in opinion and editorial comment, and contains a substantial amount of original research. I have marked it TotallyDisputed, but I confess I am not an expert on Thunderbolt and am unlikely to rectify the page myself. Snottygobble 02:14, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Every now and again I come back to it and do a bit more wikifying and NPOVing, so I'd welcome you spending just a few minutes working on it to make it more wiki-like. Cheers.  Noisy | Talk 10:14, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

Title of this page
I think the name of this page should be changed to Captain Thunderbolt. I added a divert from Captain Thunderbolt to this but am not sure of the protocol to get it changed.--Peacenik 08:38, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Well normally it would be quite easy, and you would just do a 'Move this page'. However, because the redirect has been edited, you will not be able to do that: you can only move a page onto its redirect if the redirect page is unedited.  This is an example where you should have used the 'Show preview' to check that your redirect worked before saving it.  What you have to do now is list the Captain Thunderbolt page on Redirects for deletion; wait for an admin to delete it; and then get on and do the page move.  Noisy | Talk 10:00, Jan 2, 2005 (UTC)

Factual errors e.g. the non-existant cathedral
I'm a decendent of John Blanch, the proprietor of Blanch's Inn.

Where is this "St Paul's Cathedral" in Armidale where Fred Ward's brother is supposed to have been married ? St Peter's Cathedral was not built until 1878 St Mary and St Joseph's Cathedral was not built until the beginning of the 20th century.
 * I notice that there is a St Paul's Presbyterian Church, but that was built in 1881. Perhaps there was an earlier church of the same name? --Peacenik 00:39, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for the correction Barry Sinclair, I have made the correction 18th Oct 2005

Rewrite
I rewrote the article bringing it into line with other convict Bio`s and provide NPOV
 * Excellent article. Well done Ghostieguide. Drew (Snottygobble | Talk) 11:07, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

The Ghost Who Walks
I wonder if anyone has ever noticed that Thunderbolt conforms to a mythic type, that of the Undying King? Think of King Arthur, Barbarossa, et al - rather than dying, the Undying King is spirited away (usually by supernatural helpers) to a land where he awaits the call to return and save his people. In more modern times the parallels are Elvis (coming soon to a supermarket near you), all those American POWs still living in the jungles of Laos (there's currently a website asking for volunteers to go rescue them), even Harold Holt (on his Russian submarine - which puts the Russians into the strange position of being the equivalent of the Lady of the Lake). If Fred had lived a few hundred years previous, he too could have become a demi-god. PiCo 09:32, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Shark Infested?
Surely it's pushing it a bit far to suggest that Sydney Harbour is shark infested in early September? Sure, it sounds good and makes the story more exciting but really you only get sharks inside the harbour in the summer months and even then the term "shark infested" is really rather sensationalist. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.12.252.12 (talk) 03:26, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Novel inspired by Captain Thunderbolt
I once read or heard that Randolph Stow's novel, Midnite: The Story of a Wild Colonial Boy, was based on the legend of Captain Thunderbolt. I am not sure how to verify this claim, or if it can be added to the Wikipedia page on Captain Thunderbolt. Any ideas that might help? Bluebellrock (talk) 07:08, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

Additions to Biography by 220.245.88.147
I am hoping that someone with adequate knowledge of the topic can take a look at this text and decide what to do with each element, rather than have it either left as is or removed en-masse. Downsize43 (talk) 23:20, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

Removal of alternative theories
Just in case anyone wants to review this wholesale removal, the subject text is below.

Downsize43 (talk) 01:46, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

a) A little known theory about Thunderbolt.
It is claimed in nearly every book about Thunderbolt that, throughout his career, he never shot at any one, including the police. However what is not so well known is the reason for this. Thunderbolt's wife, Mary Ann Bugg, by her aboriginal heritage, had a total hatred of guns due to the way so many of her people had been murdered by the white population of the time. During her time with Thunderbolt she instilled in him this same total hatred of guns and of shooting at people. Also a simple checking of history will show that all aboriginal people of the time had a complete hatred of guns because of the numbers of their people that had been shot by the whites. It is claimed that there is no reason to believe other than that Fred hated using guns especially as he had been initiated into the local Kamilaroi tribe near Gunnedah and would also have shared their hatred of guns. This may be an important factor in the subsequent chasing and death of Thunderbolt. The area at Stroud was once occupied by the Gringgai clan (Mary Ann's tribe) of the Wanaruah aboriginal people. It is known that the Wanaruah had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people.

b) What caused the beginning of the career of Thunderbolt?
In 1850 Fred's uncle, George Ward, married Charlotte Nixon in St Peter's Church of England in Armidale. In the next 4 years they had 2 children. Fred and his Uncle George were employees of Tocal Station near Patterson. In 1854 George was instructed to take a herd of cattle to the Maitland sale, despite the knowledge that the Hunter River was in flood. While crossing the river George was drowned. About 18 months later the Ward family, George's brother William (Harry), owner of nearby Lamb's Valley Station 12 miles west of Tocal, and 2 nephews, James & John Garbutt, commenced stealing horses from Tocal Station. Fred, also an employee of Tocal, was asked to assist in droving the cattle to the Windsor Sale Yards where Fred and James Garbutt were arrested. James was charged with stealing horses; however, Fred was initially charged with stealing horses but this was reduced to being in possession of stolen horses and he should have received a lesser sentence of 6 years served locally. Instead he received the full sentence of 10 years, to be served in the hated Cockatoo Island prison. The beginning of Fred Ward's "life of crime" was caused totally by the action of the management of Tocal Station, in sending his Uncle George into Maitland to a cattle sale knowing that the Hunter River was in flood, causing the devastating death of George.

c) Was Thunderbolt married?
Many authors claim that Mary Ann and Thunderbolt were not married despite this testimony shown in the article below. The problem is there seems to be no record of the marriage at Stroud, as often happened at that time. I have found several cases of well known family marriages in Stroud at the time, where there are no records of the marriage. We remember reading in the North-West Champion of December 7, 1929, that an old lady whom I knew, Mrs Dreamer, in an article entitled "The Days That Were”, claimed that she saw Thunderbolt married at Stroud. The old lady seemed to have a clear recollection of the event, and she told the story in these words, I quote:  "It was at Stroud and I was going to school at the time. Frederick Ward, that was Thunderbolt's name, was a nice looking young fellow, and the girl he married was Mary Bugg, daughter of Mr Jimmy Bugg who looked after the Australian Pastoral Company’s station at Port Stevens. There was a great to-do at the church the day the wedding was on, and we were all let out of school to see them come out of church.” At that time, Mary Ann was working in the Anglican School at Stroud, so it is certainly reasonable that the children would be given time to watch the wedding. The parish at that time was not the parish of Stroud but part of the Church of England Parish of the Australian Agricultural Company, which included the area from Wollongong to the Queensland border with the exception of Sydney. The Stroud Website clearly indicates that Thunderbolt was married in the Stroud Anglican Church.

d) Thunderbolt, the new age parent
Arguably Thunderbolt was the first Australian male to take paternity leave. A study of his crimes and personal family life shows that whenever his wife was expecting, he took up to nine months off from his bushranging career to look after his wife and family. So, out of his six-and-a-half-year career, he took nearly two years off looking after his family. According to some aborigines, much of this time was often spent with one of their communities in the Gunnedah area, where he was well hidden and protected from the police. He was, by this time, regarded as one of them. Now to the actual death.

e) The Police were warned of the presence of Thunderbolt.
On the 25th May, 1870 in the late afternoon, the Italian hawker Giovanni Cappasotti, while traveling past Thunderbolt's Rock near Uralla, was held up and relieved of £2/13/6 and some jewelery. He was sent on his way to Tamworth. However, after traveling a little over a mile, he hid his cart in the bushes near Dorrington's farm and rode back to Uralla, through the bush to the east of Thunderbolt's Rock so as not to be detected by Thunderbolt. He advised the police of the presence of Thunderbolt in the area near Blanch's Inn.

f) The two policemen chased after Thunderbolt?
Constable Mulhall was on duty, however Constable Walker was also present in plain clothes, having been ill for several days. Both policemen set after Thunderbolt. By the time Constable Mulhall reached Thunderbolt's Rock, having the faster horse, he was about 500 yards ahead of Walker. He said his gun went off and his horse turned around and bolted back to Uralla. (A police trained horse did this?) On passing Walker, it is claimed by Walker, Mulhall said, "There they are. I have exchanged shots with them. Go and get the wretches." Walker then commenced his chase of Thunderbolt, knowing that he would not be shot at. Just imagine the turmoil that must have gone through his mind when "this Thunderbolt" started shooting at him. Despite knowing it could not be the real "Thunderbolt" he continued chasing him, shooting the man he was chasing, then advising his superiors that he had shot "Thunderbolt". They advised their superiors in Sydney immediately, who advised the press. The next day the truth was discovered when they found that the body did not have the recorded markings of Fred Ward. Thus commenced the police cover-up which has continued to this day.

g) Why didn't Thunderbolt have his favorite horse, Combo?
Fred Ward used to follow the races and after the race would often take possession of the best of the horses so he could always outrun the police. At this time he had a special horse called Combo, which he had taken from Goonoo Goonoo Station south of Tamworth. On this particular day "this Thunderbolt" at Uralla did not have Combo. His own horse was exhausted. A young man, James Coghlan, was leading 3 horses which his employer had recently purchased at Scone and was taking them to Ebor. He had been leading the horses all day in an attempt to get home as quickly as possible, so the horses were totally exhausted. Not knowing this, Thunderbolt commandeered one of the horses to try it out. At that moment Walker arrived on the scene. Walker chased "Thunderbolt" for approximately 2 miles in a southwesterly direction until they reached Kentucky Creek, where Thunderbolt abandoned his exhausted horse and proceeded to cross the creek. Walker then states that he shot the horse, to the later upset of James Coghlan.

h) Now let us look at the "facts" of the killing of Thunderbolt.
According to the second statement of Constable Walker written on Sunday 29 May 1870, “…he immediately plunged his horse into the water and his horse stumbled and went underneath the water when Ward made a rush at the Constable into the water with his Revolver in his hand. The Constable fired and Ward fell forward into the water and went under and when he came up he tried to catch hold of the Constable who then struck him on the top of the head with the Revolver, the Constable rode his horse out of the water and tied him up, he then drew Ward out of the Creek and believed him to be quite dead…….. the Constable then took him out to look for the body of Ward but could not find it, returned to Blanch's………found the body at daylight." Phillip Pomeroy, in his paintings of the event in the McCrossin’s Mill Museum, Uralla, using the description by Constable Walker, shows Walker on his horse above Ward shooting down upon him. If as portrayed, and according to Walker's own statement, the bullet entering the left chest above the heart would have passed through the body, exiting at the rear of the body above the right hip. There is also the following: "Walker returned and found the body next morning about 9 o'clock." There is no direct evidence, but the more reliable secondary sources basically claim:  "When they returned next day they found that Ward had crawled a little distance into the bush, and was still alive, but he did not survive the trip back to Uralla…. when the police examined the body and clothing they found that Ward's revolver had been empty when Walker shot and clubbed him."(100 Australian Bushrangers, 1789–1901, Allan M Nixon.)  Two days after the death of Thunderbolt, Walker reenacted the shooting for a photographer, Mr Cunningham of Armidale. "Mr A Cunningham has taken several excellent photographics to illustrate the end of Thunderbolt, and other matters connected with it. Of Ward's dead horse there are two views. There are three different views of the spot on which the final struggle took place, Mr. Walker being shown supposedly in the same dress and on the same horse as he had when he came upon the W. side of the creek; the reality of the scene being added to by Mr. Smoker, of Uralla, representing, on the E. side, Ward - each with weapon levelled at his opponent. To secure a good view, Mr Cunningham took the trouble to cut down several trees. Then there are two portraits of Mr Walker, one being full length; while there are three of Thunderbolt when he was lying dead, after the post-mortem examination. One represents him with his hat off, another with his hat on, and the third is his profile." (A copy of this photo can be viewed in the Uralla Visitors Centre). Unfortunately he turned up in uniform. As a result many of the later drawings of the death of Thunderbolt shows Walker in uniform. The photo shows a different view of the shooting to the one in Walker's original statement. It shows Walker directly across the other side of the creek and several metres from Ward and just slightly above him; this, however, is more in line with Dr Spasshat's autopsy report, except for the difference in the distance between them, “…..; mark of a gunshot wound below left collar bone towards the armpit; on examination I found the aperture communicated with the lungs, both of which, right and left, had been penetrated; there was an aperture as if the exit of a ball on the right side of the chest, three inches below and two inches anterior to lower point right shoulder blade; there was a large quantity of fluid blood in cavity of pleura; the wound was just such as might have been inflicted by a pistol bullet discharged in immediate proximity to and rather above the body; I am of the opinion that the wound was the cause of death……” (In September 2003, I gave copies of all material pertaining to the death of Thunderbolt - Dr Spasshatt's autopsy report, Constable Walker’s statement, and the copy of the death photo of Thunderbolt – to Dr Godfrey Oettle, the recently retired Director of the Division of Forensic Medicine in the Department of Health of New South Wales. His finding states that, according to the details of the autopsy, Thunderbolt could only have lived a maximum of 3 minutes after being shot. Report of Dr Oettle, Former Director of the Division of Forensic Medicine in the Department of Health of New South Wales - dated December 4th, 2003  As stated to you previously, Dr. Spasshatt has defined injuries clearly and refers to only two bullet wounds, the one on the front of the chest being the entry wound and that on the right side of the chest, being the exit. He mentions that both lungs were penetrated by the bullet, that the mouth contained blood which was consistent with blood rising from the lungs into the pharynx during the terminal attempts to breathe. The blood flow to the rest of the body was diverted by that lost by the lungs' injuries, to the chest cavities and the air passages. I would expect him to lose both motor and cognitive function within about ten seconds because of the blood being lost through the lung injuries and both lungs collapsing. This figure is bourne out both by my experience of similar circumstance and by others documented in the USA. On occasion life as evidenced by occasional deep breaths can extend for about 3 minutes depending on the severity of the injuries received, but, in any case, no motor function can be expected after about the shorter figure given above and this might be very much less depending on whether the great vessels at the base of the heart were involved in the injuries, let alone the heart. However, Dr. Spasshatt mentions only the lung injuries. Lung collapse together with the injuries would be more than enough to cause sudden death and rapid lack of motor function compounded by breathing in water if the account of the incident is correct. He also makes no mention of any head injury or any other gun shot injury. I hope this answers your questions and I would be happy to hear from you should you wish to discuss it further. Godfrey Oettle This certainly does not agree with Constable Walker’s report.)

i) What happened to Thunderbolt’s body
Early on the 27th May the body of Thunderbolt was taken back to Blanch's Inn and examined by Dr Spasshatt from Armidale. It is interesting to note that although there were positive identification marks recorded in police records for the identification of Fred Ward, especially the mole and warts ("Ward is a native of Windsor, New South Wales; a laborer, 27 years of age, 5 feet 8 ¼ inches high, hazel grey eyes, mole on right wrist and two warts back of middle finger of left hand.") they were not used to identify this body as that of Fred Ward. It is also interesting that the report by Dr Spasshatt given at the inquest was not the one sent to Sydney, but the one rewritten on Sunday at the police instructions after the burial. It was carefully dated 29 May, by Dr Spasshatt, as proof of the cover up. During the next few days over 300 people viewed the body and all agreed that “It's Thunderbolt all right.” Many authors and researchers misused this statement to show “It's Fred, all right” despite the fact, at that time he was known by the general public only as “Captain Thunderbolt“ and the various other names suspected of belonging to the person, such as Fred Britten, Michael Blake, Fred Ward, William (Harry) Ward, Fred Blake, etc., were only rumours. Young Will Monckton, who had served one year of a six-year gaol sentence in Darlinghurst for being the companion of Thunderbolt, and was, by chance, returning to Armidale on Saturday, was ordered to identify the body at Uralla on Sunday, May 29, four days after the shooting. Will had been caught with Thunderbolt in the Tenterfield region 12 months earlier and gaoled. While in gaol he had heard that Thunderbolt had been shot by the police in the right knee at the top of the Moonbi’s but had escaped. At that time he knew he had been with Fred Ward aka "Thunderbolt" near Torrington, not long before he surrendered to the police, and that Fred Ward was not the “Thunderbolt” shot at Moonbi. He was taken off the carriage in Uralla to identify the body and used the scar on the right knee as positive identification that the body was that of Fred Ward. The police immediately accepted his identification and excused him from the remainder of his sentence, even though they did not have the right under the law to do this. The body was buried that Sunday afternoon in the edge of the Uralla Cemetery in unhallowed ground. After the burial the amended report was filled out by Walker to confirm the person deceased was Fred Ward aka “Captain Thunderbolt”. Constable Walker's statement given on Sunday was the one sent to Sydney, as the evidence given as part of the autopsy report, not the actual one used on Thursday, as it did not include the name Fred Ward. Thus began the official police cover up of the truth of "The Death of Thunderbolt" Present at the funeral was a very tall woman, for those days (5 feet 8 inches), dressed in a full-length black gown and a heavy black veil. A journalist stated that "after the funeral it was noted that she left without speaking to anyone"; however, it was also noted "she walked away with a very manly gait." Was this Fred saying goodbye to his Uncle Harry? This has always been held by the family as fact.

j) Where was Fred’s horse, Combo?
On the Saturday after the death of Thunderbolt (28 May) two young policemen were at the races in Glen Innes and saw Combo tethered there. Hiding, they watched the horse for some time until they saw a man, whom they personally identified as “Thunderbolt”, appear and quickly mount the horse before they could stop him. He left the area in a southeasterly direction towards Wards Mistake. He went over the steep cliff into the gorge area. Being inexperienced horsemen the young policemen were not able to follow him. On returning to Armidale they submitted their report of the day's activities to their commanding officer, only to be told that “Thunderbolt” had been shot 3 days previously. To justify what they had been doing during the day, they insisted on filing their report. I have been told the report has been seen in the police archives in Sydney as recently as several years ago, however the police have not permitted me to view it.

k) What happened to this “Thunderbolt”
In the Ebor area where he was heading, lived his mother Sarah Ann (Ward) Edwards, my great-great-grandmother. I believe he went to his mother's home. If you go out to Hernani and talk to the families of the oldest residents in the area they will all tell you that "Great Aunty or Great Grandma danced with Thunderbolt at the weekly Saturday night dances for 6 weeks after 'the death of Thunderbolt'." It is my belief that during those 6 weeks Fred used his day times to call on all his caves and hiding places in the area at Lansdowne near Taree, Barrington, Moonbi, Uralla, Black Mountain, Torrington, and Boonoo Boonoo, near Tenterfield and several other caves and rescue his “earnings”. It has been reported as being as much as 20,000 pounds, about $1,000,000 in today's money. Despite people searching the area of his caves for the last 140 years, all that has been reported as having been found is one bottle containing about 20 pounds in a cave west of Singelton. I believe that at the end of the 6 weeks Fred, with his mother Sarah Ann Shepherd (her real married name, as she does not appear to have married my Grandfather Edwards) as a companion, went to Morpeth on the Hunter River near Newcastle, then by boat to San Francisco. An 1871 American state census shows that a Frederick Ward (file #SC 289) and a Sarah Shepherd (file #SC 319) both arrived in America in late 1870. This seems to be an amazing coincidence. Sarah Shepherd (my great-great grandmother's correct married name) was the mother of Fred Ward. According to our family records she disappeared at about the same time as Thunderbolt's death, yet her mother, Sophia Ward's death certificate in 1874 shows Sarah as still being alive. It is my belief that these are our Fred Ward & his mother, Sarah, who went to America in late 1870 and then moved on to Canada. When the gold petered out in California they moved to Alberta, Canada where Fred stayed until the end of the gold rush there in the late 1800s, then moved to live out his life in Ottawa, Canada, dying in the early 1900s.

l) The burial of Fred Ward in Canada
Two days before her death old Granny Walker asked her daughter if she remembered a visitor coming to "Rosedale" one night and said, "I promised to tell you someday who he was. It was Thunderbolt the bushranger... and if every thing went off right with him, he is now in Canada." The next piece of evidence... was supplied by a Mr (Charles) White, a cousin of Fred Ward's, in 1886, and it came to light through Aubrey Spencer's father making the accidental acquaintance of White at Narrabri West a few years after the stranger's visit to Rosedale. Naturally enough on one occasion their conversation turned to bushrangers, and speaking of Thunderbolt, Matthew Spencer remarked that he had known him very well, and regarded him as a fine fellow, and one who had been driven to bushranging. Fred Ward had actually worked for him in his youth. White replied, "Since you have such an opinion of Thunderbolt, it might interest you to know that he is my cousin. I'll show you something." He went into the house and returned a few minutes later with a letter, the top and bottom of which were turned down, so that the address, date and signature were all concealed. "Do you know that handwriting?" he asked. "Know it anywhere," declared Matthew Spencer. "It's poor old Fred Ward's." "It is," White confirmed, and he flattened out the sheet of paper; the signature was unmistakable, "Fred Ward"... the date proved to be less than six months old. It must, therefore, have been written some sixteen years after Thunderbolt had been officially declared dead. Moreover, the address showed the letter to have come from Canada, and in this detail confirmed the independent statement of Old Mrs Walker on her death bed, and, incidentally, of my father's belief that Ward had gone to some place in North America. (from 'The Early History of Moree and Adjacent Districts' Article No. 22, Moree Public Library) A story told by Mr R S Spencer (quoted from the “Western Stock & Station Journal in the ‘Uralla Times’, 4/9/1969  The letter was written in Canada, the date January 21, 1892. The signature was one word – Fred. After a careful examination of the document, my father remarked, “But, good God, man, it can’t be true?”   “Yes, Mr Spencer,” said White. "It’s quite true.”   (…) During my visit to Canada in 1937 my enquiries at Ottawa resulted in the production of further evidence to support the claim I have advanced herein. I was informed that in Ottawa Cemetery an Australian named Frederick Ward lies buried.   Is it the grave of Thunderbolt, however, no-one has been able to locate this grave in any Ottawa cemetery. To me, the irresistible conclusion, drawn from the foregoing evidence, is “Yes”.

m) Who then is buried in Uralla Cemetery?
It has always been the belief of the family that the person buried at Uralla is Fred's uncle William (aka Harry). By the late 1860s things started to get "too hot" for Harry in the Maitland area and he came to join Fred, mainly operating in the southern area around Uralla. I believe he was the "Thunderbolt" shot by the police at Moonbi in early 1869. On the death of William's mother Sophia in 1874, her death certificate shows both Fred & William ("Harry") as being deceased. Fred is naturally shown because of his death certificate, however there is no death certificate in Australia for William (aka Harry) Ward despite a thorough search of all states BDM registers by myself and other direct family members. I believe the death certificate for Fred is in fact the death certificate for Harry. Recently talking to a local Aboriginal elder from Gunnedah I was told that it was "their knowledge that it was not Fred Ward buried here in Uralla in unhallowed ground." As he was married "to one of them", Mary Ann (an aboriginal girl) and had lived with them in the bush for several years, they regarded him as "family". If it had been Fred buried in unhallowed ground they would have dug him up and buried him in their local secret burial ground. She was very emphatic that it was not Fred Ward buried in Uralla. They normally don't talk about such things to us "whiteys", however she was in total agreement with what I had said especially regarding who was in the grave. As a further confirmation of this story I received this information in the last week of October, 2003. "But one last thing - the local Aboriginal community claim Captain Thunderbolt as one of their own, a fellow Aboriginal. This could have been true in traditional Aboriginal culture where a person of any ethnic background who goes through the initiation ordeals was considered a member of the tribe! This was true when we lived with an Aboriginal tribe (the Miruwung in the Kimberlies in the 1970s)."

year of birth
text of article was modified in several edits to change 1836 to 1833. A reference cited at the bottom mentions 1836 with uncertainty here. The category is 1836. Would anyone object to changing the text back to 1836 as the year of birth? 69.126.127.193 (talk) 03:33, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The Australian Dictionary of Biography (http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A060379b.htm) has the year of birth as 1835, just to throw another snake in the ring. Downsize43 (talk) 11:31, 18 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The article now claims 1833, 1835 and 1836. If it's uncertain, let's just say so. Pburka (talk) 16:26, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

New Captain Thunderbolt book and claims
I recently picked up a copy of the book "Thunderbolt, Scourge of the Ranges", by G. James Hamilton with Barry Sinclair, and was initially intrigued. However I found it to be highly opinionated and driven by an agenda of its own. I also found it to be poorly written, very difficult to read and therefore quickly put it back down again. My advice is to treat this material very cautiously. Msiminski (talk) 13:14, 29 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Heavy reliance on a single book and a website by the same author
This article appears to rely almost entirely on a single book by Baxter and a website which appears to have been written by the same author (Baxter). Time permitting, a larger diversity of references should be sought. IntoCaves (talk) 03:34, 28 December 2020 (UTC) In answer to the unsigned comment above. I have been researching Fred Ward alias "Captain Thunderbolt" for about 12 months now and have read the majority of so called factual books about the bushranger and his life. I have also tracked down many of the original goal and court documents. I have found Carol Baxter's book to be the most factual and based on original documentation, such as police records, goal records, court documents and affidavit statements presented in court. Baxters book "Captain Thunderbolt and his lady" is an account backed up by the most impressive list of references, far outweighing the short list of often unsubstantiated and hearsay which the other books rely on. You can find many of the references and actual documentation on the books listed on the web page found at. I will state for the record, that I have absolutely NO affiliation with baxter nor the publishers, nor am I an acquaintance of Baxter. IntoCaves (talk) 03:34, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

William Monckton
He may not in true terms have been a Gentleman but he did assist my Great Grandfather when he stumbled onto Thunderbolts camp. He took him in and kept him safe from an abusive step father. 1.144.107.68 (talk) 08:20, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

English
Present tens  it have forms                           1.present simple tens        2.present continous         3.present perfect            4.present perfect continous  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.186.78.37 (talk) 21:26, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

Photograph - Hat Added?
It seems worth noting that the full sized, original version of the image used in this article (visible here at the NSW State Library site) does not include the hat, which appears to have been edited onto the image at some later time. Is there a reason to use the modified image rather than the original? Maondoza (talk) 22:56, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

Captain Thunderbolts wife was my great great great grandmotherX
Mary Ann Bugg was my great great grandmother Seassed (talk) 05:49, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Captain Thunderbolt


text:
Laurence Oliphant (author)

Laurence Oliphant (3 August 1829 – 23 December 1888), a Member of Parliament, was a South African-born British author, traveller, diplomat, British intelligence agent, Christian mystic, and Christian Zionist. His best known book in his lifetime was a satirical novel, Piccadilly (1870). More heed has gone since to his plan for Jewish farming communities in the Holy Land, The Land of Gilead. Oliphant was a UK Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs.

Early life
Laurence Oliphant was born in Cape Town, Cape Colony, the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793–1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry, and his wife Maria. At the time of his son's birth Sir Anthony was Attorney General of the Cape Colony, but he was soon appointed Chief Justice in Ceylon. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, where his father purchased a home called Alcove in Captains Gardens, subsequently known as Maha Nuge Gardens. Sir Anthony and his son have been credited with bringing tea to Ceylon and growing 30 tea plants brought over from China on the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya. In 1848 and 1849, he and his parents toured Europe. In 1851, he accompanied Jung Bahadur from Colombo to Nepal, which provided the material for his first book, A Journey to Katmandu (1852). Oliphant returned to Ceylon and from there went to England to study law. Oliphant left his legal studies to travel in Russia. The outcome of that tour was his book The Russian Shores of the Black Sea (1853).

Oliphant's parents were Christian Zionists.

Diplomatic and utopian pursuits
Between 1853 and 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin during the negotiation of the Canada Reciprocity Treaty in Washington, and companion to the Duke of Newcastle on a visit to the Circassian coast during the Crimean War.

In 1861, Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan under Minister Plenipotentiary (later Sir) Rutherford Alcock. He arrived in Edo at the end of June, but on the evening of 5 July, a night-time attack was made on the legation by xenophobic ronin. His pistols having been locked in their travelling box, Oliphant rushed out with a hunting whip, and was attacked by a ronin with a heavy two-handed sword. A beam, invisible in the darkness, interfered with the blows, but Oliphant was severely wounded and sent on board ship to recover. He had to return to England after a visit to Tsushima Island, where he discovered a Russian force occupying a secluded bay and obtained its withdrawal. The attack on the legation left him with permanent damage to one of his hands.

He was sent to Poland in 1863 as a British observer to report on the January Uprising.

Oliphant returned to England, resigned from the Diplomatic Service and was elected to Parliament in 1865 for Stirling Burghs. While he did not show any conspicuous parliamentary ability, he was made a great success by his novel Piccadilly: A Fragment of Contemporary Biography (1870). Oliphant's later novels include Altiora Peto (1883) and Masollam: A Problem of the Period (1886).

He then became connected to the spiritualist prophet Thomas Lake Harris, who, in about 1861, had organised a small Christian utopian community, the Brotherhood of the New Life, which was settled in Brocton, New York, on Lake Erie, and he subsequently moved to Santa Rosa, California.

After initially being refused permission to join Harris in 1867, he was eventually allowed to join his community, and Oliphant caused a scandal by leaving Parliament in 1868 to follow Harris to Brocton. He lived there for several years engaged in what Harris termed the 'Use', manual labour aimed at forwarding his utopian vision. Members of the community were allowed to return to the outside world from time to time to earn money for the community. After three years, Oliphant worked as correspondent for The Times during the Franco-German War, and afterwards spent several years in Paris in the service of the paper. There he met, through his mother, his future wife, Alice le Strange. They married at St George's, Hanover Square, London, on 8 June 1872. In 1873, Oliphant went back to Brocton with his wife and mother.

Later, he and his mother had a falling out with Harris and demanded their money back, which had allegedly been derived mainly from the sale of Lady Maris Oliphant's jewels. That forced Harris to sell the Brocton colony, and his remaining disciples moved to their new colony in Santa Rosa, California.

In 1876 Oliphant returned to England while his wife, Alice, chose to remain with the Brotherhood of the New Life in Brocton.

By 1878 Oliphant, caught up in a wave of Western concern that Russia intended to conquer the Middle East, devised a "Plan for Gilead" under which Britain would plant a Jewish agricultural colony "in the northern and more fertile half of Palestine" and enlisted the approval of Prime Minister Disraeli, a supporter of Zionism; Foreign Minister Salisbury, the Prince of Wales; and the novelist George Eliot. Oliphant, credentialed by the British government, set sail in 1879 to investigate conditions for establishing a Jewish agricultural settlement in Palestine. Oliphant would later come to see Jewish agricultural settlements as a means of alleviating Jewish suffering in Eastern Europe.

In May 1879, Oliphant was in Constantinople petitioning the Sublime Porte for permission to establish a Jewish agricultural colony in the Holy Land and settling large numbers of Jews there (this was prior to the first wave of Jewish settlement by Zionists in 1882). He did not see it as an impossible task in view of the large numbers of Christian believers in the United States and England who supported that plan. With financial support from Christadelphians and others in Britain, Oliphant amassed sufficient funding to purchase land and settle Jewish refugees in the Galilee.

While awaiting an appointment with the Sublime Porte, Oliphant traveled to Romania to discuss his proposed agricultural settlements with the Jewish communities there.

The long-awaited meeting with the Sublime Porte finally took place in April 1880, and was a complete failure; Oliphant and his plan were dismissed. In the opinion of Henry Layard, British Ambassador to the Sublime Porte at the time of Oliphant's visit, the effort failed because Oliphant spoke about how the return of the Jews to Palestine would bring the second coming of Jesus – language and ideas that the Sultan found uncongenial.

When a wave of pogroms swept the Russian Empire in 1881, most notably the Kiev pogrom, charitable funds were raised in London under the aegis of the Mansion House Committee, a group created for the purpose. When the committee announced that the funds would be used to help the Jewish refugees resettle in America, Oliphant published an article in The Times on February 15, 1881, asserting that Jews who chose to settle in Palestine would have their religion safeguarded; his article met with such enthusiasm among Polish and Russian Jews that the Mansion House Committee appointed him commissioner to Galicia. Oliphant and his wife, Alice, who had reunited in 1882, traveled to Vienna and Galicia, meeting with representatives of Eastern Jews and promising that "as soon as your Christian sympathizers in England are convinced the Jews fleeing from Russia can settle with safety in the land of their ancestors, then they will contribute thousands, I may well say, hundreds of thousands of pounds to promote this great object."

Oliphant had by this point become something of a celebrity among Jews in Eastern Europe. He was spoken of as "another Cyrus" and a "saviour". His settlement plans were published by the early Zionist newspaper Hamagid, written up by Peretz Smolenskin in Ha-Shaḥar, and Moses Lilienblum expressed the hope that Oliphant would be "the Messiah for Israel." According to historian Nathan Michael Gelber, "you could find in the houses of poor Jews a picture of Oliphant. It would be hung right next to the pictures of the great philanthropists Moses Montefiore and Baron Hirsch."

Despite the fact that the Sublime Porte had given no permission for the building of Jewish agricultural settlements, in May 1882 the Oliphants began a journey to Palestine, traveling through Budapest to Moldave, where they paused to meet Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov Friedman whom Oliphant understood to be "the leader of world Jewry", hoping to persuade him to raise sufficient funds to purchase Palestine from the Ottoman Emperor.

The Oliphants settled in Palestine, dividing their time between a house in the German Colony in Haifa, and another in the Druze village of Daliyat al-Karmel on Mount Carmel. Oliphant's secretary Naftali Herz Imber, author of the Israeli national anthem, Hatikva, lived with them. In the Holy Land, they were in touch with the Jewish pioneers of the First Aliyah, donating 1,000 roubles to the founding settlers of Yesud HaMa'ala. He is regarded as having been "central" to "the establishment and survival" of Rosh Pinna and Zikhron Ya'akov.

Esoteric writings
Laurence and his wife Alice collaborated on a work of esoteric Christianity, which was published in 1885 as Sympneumata, or Evolutionary Forces Now Active in Man. Influenced by the American mystic Thomas Lake Harris as well as spiritualists Anna Kingsford and Edward Maitland, Sympneumata is founded on an interpretation of the Fall whereby the human soul was originally androgynous but became divided into male and female counterparts upon being encased in physical bodies. In Sympneumata the Oliphants emphasise the need to locate ones physical and spiritual counterparts through a breathing practice, with the aim of unlocking the androgyne within through 'vibratory' motion.

In December 1885, Alice became ill and died on 2 January 1886. Oliphant, also stricken, was too weak to attend her funeral. Oliphant was persuaded that after Alice's death he was in much closer contact with her than when she was still alive, and believed that she inspired him to write Scientific Religion: Or, Higher Possibilities of Life and Practice Through the Operation of Natural Forces, which was published in November 1887.

Final years
In 1888, Oliphant traveled to the United States and married his second wife, Rosamond, a granddaughter of Robert Owen in Malvern. The couple planned to return to Haifa, but Oliphant took sick at York House, Twickenham, England, and died there on 23 December 1888. His obituary in The Times said of him, "Seldom has there been a more romantic or amply filled career; never, perhaps, a stranger or more apparently contradictory personality."

Legacy
In 2000 Alice Oliphant's watercolours showing Haifa as it was in the late 19th century were shown in a special exhibition entitled "The Drawing Room of Lady Oliphant" at the Israeli National Maritime Museum. Paintings by Alice's sister, Jamesina Waller made during her visit to the Holy Land were also on display. The Jerusalem Post's art critic, Angela Levine, deemed Lady Alice's watercolours, "charming but amateurish."

In 2003, Ticho House in Jerusalem mounted an exhibit of the Holy Land paintings of Alice Oliphant and her sister Jesamine Waller.

Books

 * A Journey to Kathmandu (the Capital of Napaul), with The Camp of Jung Bahadoor; including A Sketch of the Nepaulese Ambassador at Home  is a travelogue written in 1852. The book describes the cultural condition of Nepal, however the book is not considered of scientific value. Oliphant then a 21-year-old son of colonial of Colombo joined the team of Jang Bahadur Rana who was returning to Nepal from England with his two younger brothers, Jagat Shamsher and Dhir Shamsher. The team had a stop at Ceylon in December 1850 from where Oliphant accompanied. The book is under public domain since 6 Jul 2005.
 * Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan in the Years 1857, '58, '59 (1860)
 * Piccadilly: A Fragment of Contemporary Biography (1870)
 * Altiora Peto (1883)
 * Sympneumata, or Evolutionary Forces Now Active in Man (1885)
 * Haifa or Life in Modern Palestine (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1976 [1885]). Illustrated with watercolors by Lady Alice Oliphant.
 * Masollam: A Problem of the Period (1886)
 * Scientific Religion: Or, Higher Possibilities of Life and Practice Through the Operation of Natural Forces (1887)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Laurence Oliphant (author)


text:
Adolf Lindenbaum

Adolf Lindenbaum (12 June 1904 – August 1941) was a Polish-Jewish logician and mathematician best known for Lindenbaum's lemma and Lindenbaum–Tarski algebras.

Life
He was born and brought up in Warsaw. He earned a Ph.D. in 1928 under Wacław Sierpiński and habilitated at the University of Warsaw in 1934. He published works on mathematical logic, set theory, cardinal and ordinal arithmetic, the axiom of choice, the continuum hypothesis, theory of functions, measure theory, point-set topology, geometry and real analysis. He served as an assistant professor at the University of Warsaw from 1935 until the outbreak of war in September 1939. He was Alfred Tarski's closest collaborator of the inter-war period. Around the end of October or beginning of November 1935 he married Janina Hosiasson, a fellow logician of the Lwow–Warsaw school. He and his wife were adherents of logical empiricism, participated in and contributed to the international unity of science movement, and were members of the original Vienna Circle. Sometime before the middle of August 1941 he and his sister Stefanja were shot to death in Naujoji Vilnia (Nowa Wilejka), 7 km east of Vilnius, by the occupying German forces or Lithuanian collaborators.

title: Adolf Lindenbaum


text:
Carolina Nairne

Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne (16 August 1766 – 26 October 1845) – also known as Carolina Baroness Nairn in the peerage of Scotland and Baroness Keith in that of the United Kingdom – was a Scottish songwriter. Many of her songs, such as, "Will ye no' come back again?", "Charlie is my Darling", "The Rowan Tree" and "Wi' a Hundred Pipers' remain popular today, almost two hundred years after they were written. One of her songs, "Caller Herrin'", was sung at the 2021 commemoration of the 1881 Eyemouth disaster. She usually set her words to traditional Scottish folk melodies, but sometimes contributed her own music.

Carolina Nairne and her contemporary Robert Burns were influenced by the Jacobite heritage in their establishment of a distinct Scottish identity, through what they both called national song. Perhaps in the belief that her work would not be taken seriously if it were known that she was a woman, Nairne went to considerable lengths to conceal her identity (even from her husband) when submitting her work for publication. Early on she called herself Mrs Bogan of Bogan, but feeling that gave too much away she often attributed her songs to the gender-neutral B.B., S.M., or "Unknown".

Although both working in the same genre of what might today be called traditional Scottish folksongs, Nairne and Burns display rather different attitudes in their compositions. Nairne tends to focus on an earlier romanticised version of the Scottish way of life, tinged with sadness for what is gone forever, whereas Burns displays an optimism about a better future to come.

Life and antecedents
Carolina Oliphant was born at the Auld Hoose, Gask, Perthshire (her father's ancestral family home) on 16 August 1766. She was the fourth child of the three sons and four daughters of Laurence Oliphant (1724–1792), laird of Gask, and his wife Margaret Robertson (1739–1774); her mother was the eldest daughter of Duncan Robertson of Struan, the chief of Clan Donnachie, which fought on the Jacobite side in the uprisings of 1715 and '45. Her father was also a staunch Jacobite, and she was given the name Carolina in memory of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

Following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1745 the Oliphant family – along with the Robertsons and the Nairnes – was accused of high treason, exiled to France, and their estates seized. The exiles remained in France for nineteen years, during which time Carolina's parents were married at Versailles, in 1755. The government eventually allowed the family's kinsmen to buy back part of the Gask estate, and the couple returned to Scotland two years before Carolina's birth. Her parents were cousins, both grandchildren of Lord Nairne, who had commanded the second line of the Jacobite army at the Battle of Prestonpans in 1745. Although he was sentenced to death the following year, he managed to escape to France, where he remained in exile until his death in 1770.

The upbringing of Carolina and her siblings reflected their father's Jacobite allegiance, and their everyday lives were filled with reminders that he considered the Stewarts to be the rightful heirs to the throne. A governess was employed to ensure that the girls had a 'full education including music and art', and that they did not speak in a broad Scots dialect, as their father considered it unladylike. General tuition was provided by a local minister – the children's prayer books had the Hanoverian sovereign's names obscured by those of the Stewarts – and music and dance teachers were also engaged. Delicate as a child, Carolina gradually developed into a genteel young woman, much admired by fashionable families; she was well educated, able to paint and an accomplished musician familiar with traditional songs.

As a teenager, Carolina was betrothed to William Murray Nairne, another of Lord Nairne's grandchildren, who became the 5th Lord Nairne in 1824. Born in Ireland to a Jacobite family from Perthshire whose lands had also been forfeited, he regularly visited Gask. It was only after he was promoted to the position of assistant inspector-general at a Scottish barracks that the pair were married on 2 June 1806. The couple settled in Edinburgh, where their only son, also named William Murray Nairne (1808–1837), was born two years later. He was a sickly child and, following her husband's death in 1830, Lady Nairne lived with her son in Ireland and on the continent. The change in climate was not as beneficial to his health as had been hoped; he died in Brussels in December 1837. Nairne returned to Gask in 1843, but following a stroke her health deteriorated; she died on 26 October 1845 and was buried in the family chapel.

Songwriting
Nairne began writing songs shortly after her father's death in 1792. She was a contemporary of the best-known Scottish songwriter and poet Robert Burns. Although the two never met, together they forged a national song for Scotland, that in the words of Dianne Dugaw, Professor of English and Folklore at the University of Oregon, "lies somewhere between folk-song and art-song." For both, Jacobite history was a powerful influence. Nairne could read music and played the harpsichord, which allowed her to contribute some of her own tunes. Three tunes she almost certainly wrote are those to "Will Ye No Come Back Again", "The Rowan Tree", and "The Auld House", as no earlier printed versions have been found.

What was probably her first composition – The Pleughman (ploughman) – may have been a tribute to Burns. Just like him, Nairne's songs were at first circulated by being performed, but her interest in Scottish music and song brought her into contact with Robert Purdie, an Edinburgh publisher. Purdie was gathering together "a collection of the national airs, with words suited for refined circles" to which Nairne contributed a significant number of original songs, all without attribution to her. The collection was published in six volumes as The Scottish Minstrel from 1821 to 1824, with music edited by Robert Archibald Smith.

The bulk of Nairne's more than 80 songs have Jacobitism as their backdrop, perhaps unsurprising given her family background and upbringing. Examples of the best known of such works include "Wha'll be King but Charlie?" "Charlie is my darling", "The Hundred Pipers", "He's owre the Hills", and "Will ye no' come back again?". In part she wrote such songs as a tribute to the mid-18th century struggles of her parents and grandparents, but the Jacobite influence in her work runs deep. In "The Laird o' Cockpen", for instance, Nairne echoes the Jacobite distaste for the Whiggish displays and manners of the nouveau riche in post-Union Scotland, as does the evocative "Caller Herrin'".

Most of Nairne's songs were written before her marriage in 1806. She completed her last – "Would Ye Be Young Again?" – at the age of 75, adding a note in the manuscript that perhaps reveals much of her attitude to life: "The thirst of the dying wretch in the desert is nothing to the pining for voices which have ceased forever!" Indeed, her songs often focus on grief, on what can be no more, and romanticise a traditional way of Scottish life. Her contemporary Burns, on the other hand, had an eye on a global future – "a brotherhood of working people 'the warld o'er' that's 'comin yet.

Anonymity
Nairne concealed her achievements as a songwriter throughout her life; they only became public on the posthumous publication of "Lays from Strathearn" (1846). She took pleasure in the popularity of her songs, and may have been concerned that this could be jeopardised if it became public knowledge that she was a woman. It also explains why she soon switched from Mrs Bogan of Bogan to the gender-neutral BB when submitting her contributions to The Scottish Minstrel, and even disguised her handwriting. On one occasion, pressed by her publisher Purdie who wanted to meet his best contributor, she appeared disguised as an elderly gentlewoman from the country. She succeeded in persuading Purdie that she was merely a conduit for the songs she gathered from simple countryfolk, and not their author. But the entire editorial committee of the Minstrel – all of them female – was aware of her identity for instance, as were her sister, nieces and grandniece. On the other hand, she shared her secret with very few men, not even her husband; as she wrote to a friend in the 1820s "I have not told even Nairne lest he blab".

Consideration for her husband may have been another of Nairne's motives for maintaining her anonymity. Despite his Jacobite family background he had served with the British Army since his youth, and it might have caused him some professional embarrassment if it had become widely known that his wife was writing songs in honour of the Jacobite rebels of the previous century. Somewhat testifying against that view however is that she maintained her secrecy for fifteen years after his death.

Recognition
The name Nairne was adopted for a crater on the planet Mercury by the International Astronomical Union in 2022.

title: Carolina Nairne


text:
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Wing On House

Wing On House is a commercial building located at No. 71 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong.

History
Upon its completion in 1967, it was Hong Kong's tallest commercial building, with 31 storeys. It held that distinction until 1971, when it was surpassed by Pearl City Mansion.

Name
It is named after Wing On, a department stores and insurance conglomerate with a history dating back more than 100 years. Two other buildings along Des Voeux Road Central are also named after Wing On: Wing On Centre in Sheung Wan and Wing On Life Building in Central.

Features
Each floor occupies around 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2).

The building currently houses the Hong Kong Branch of Public Bank Berhad, The Law Society of Hong Kong, BOC Group Life Insurance and the local Consulate of Ghana as well as offices of Hang Seng Bank, whose old and new headquarters are next to Wing On House.

title: Wing On House


text:
Talk:Doug Anthony All Stars

Untitled comments
Found this by the way, might be useful - http://www.oocities.com/tangawarra/daas.html I've emailed the address on the site, and it unfortunately bounces :( -- Chuq 12:29, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Does anyone know what the real Doug Anthony's reaction to the group was. I seem to remember he was pretty sportung about them but has anyone got something more substantial? Albatross2147 01:16, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

When did DAAS start out? the second paragraph could benefit from the inclusion of a year when they started.

 * The caption on the picture of Paul hosting "Good News Week" is incorrect. The show aired on ABC from 1996 to 1999, then was taken up by channel 10 in 2001. When is this photo from? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.169.190.88 (talk) 17:00, 31 August 2009 (UTC)

Band Split
I am surprised to see in this article that there is mostly no information on the Bands Break up (which is the reason I came to see this page). Is there not much know about it? I can vagly remember something about 2 of the guys having a problem with each other and unable to work with each other anymore. MattyC3350 (talk) 06:49, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * When they appear in public (most notably at the "For Holly" fundraiser, there was talk of a hostile breakup, but with these guys, who can really tell truth from fiction? DermottBanana (talk) 23:34, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * From the reading I've done, I gather the situation was that Paul and Richard wanted to be UK-based but Tim had a young family in Australia so that wasn't practical for him. The other two felt like they'd done everything they wanted to do in Australia, and they'd been together for ten years at that point, so it made sense for them to split.  There's always some speculation in the media of acrimony, but the boys have repeatedly said there's no hostility between them and they're still mates. -Shoemoney2night (talk) 05:38, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

The band break up is not shrouded in mystery anymore. Tim was struggling physically with the demands due to an illness he had be suffering from since he was in his teens. It wasn't persistend enough to be diagnosed when he was young, but eventually he was told he had MS. Why it was kept a secret for so long it anybodies guess, but watching Tim's interviews in 2011, I would say it was a combination of not wanting any pity, and how it may affect any future career in the industry. He stated in one of the interviews that television executives are paranoid, so when trying to pitch a show where the lead has MS was not going to be problematic. It was amazing how everyone kept quiet on the split. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.195.131.16 (talk) 11:52, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

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Paul Livingstone (Flacco) has been around since 1992, not just 2014
As followers of DAAS would know, Flacco has been a part of the Doug Anthony All Stars since 1992, when they created DAAS Kapital, and Flacco was the performer, who often introduced the band and would do performance pieces in a Mr Bean style visual comedy way. While he didn't sing or play an instrument, he was definitely a part of the group. It is only since 2014 that he has begun to replace Richard Fidler's role, as well as still doing his own role, but he is definitely a long-term member of the group. I think that we should fix this in the article. Mister Sneeze A Lot (talk) 12:33, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Doug Anthony All Stars


text:
Juniper (disambiguation)

The juniper (Juniperus) is a type of shrub and tree in the cypress family.

Juniper may also refer to:

Canada

 * Juniper, New Brunswick, a hamlet
 * Juniper Lake (Nova Scotia), several lakes in Nova Scotia
 * Juniper Island, Ontario

England

 * Juniper, Northumberland, a hamlet

United States

 * Juniper, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * Juniper Cove, a cove within Salem, Massachusetts
 * Fort Juniper, a fort that existed from 1775 in Salem, Massachusetts
 * Juniper, a place in Munising Township, Michigan
 * Juniper Springs, Nevada, also called Juniper, a former mining camp
 * Juniper Island (Lake Champlain), Vermont
 * Juniper Lake (Lassen Peak), Lassen Volcanic National Park, California
 * Juniper Springs, a natural spring in Ocala National Forest, Florida
 * Juniper Swamp, Middle Village, Queens, New York City, filled in c. 1915

Arts and entertainment

 * Junior Juniper, a Marvel Comics character
 * Juniper (band), an Irish rock band (1991–1998)
 * The Junipers, an English psychedelic pop band (2000–2013)
 * Juniper (film), a 2021 New Zealand comedy-drama
 * Juniper, a young adult novel by Monica Furlong

Businesses

 * Juniper Networks, a networking equipment company based in Sunnyvale, California, United States
 * Juniper Bank, a former credit card issuer based in Delaware, United States
 * Juniper Publishers, a publisher of academic journals based in Hyderabad, India

Maritime vessels

 * HMT Juniper (T123), a Second World War Royal Navy minesweeping trawler
 * USS Juniper (1864), a Union Navy steamer during the American Civil War
 * Juniper-class USCG seagoing buoy tender
 * USCGC Juniper (WLB-201), a United States Coast Guard buoy tender
 * Juniper (trimaran), a trimaran sailboat designed by Chris White Designs and sailed around the world by Henk de Velde

People and fictional characters

 * Juniper (friar) (died 1258), one of the original followers of Saint Francis of Assisi
 * Juniper (given name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters with the name or variants thereof
 * Robert Juniper (1929–2012), Australian artist
 * Tony Juniper (born 1960), British environmentalist and author
 * Junlper (stylized as JUNlPER, with a lowercase L), Twitter shitposter suspended in October 2023

Other uses

 * Alstom Coradia Juniper, a family of trains used on the British railway network
 * Juniper Airport, a private airport near Juniper, New Brunswick, Canada
 * Operation Juniper, an Indian operation during the 2017 China–India border standoff
 * Juniper, a codename for the AMD/ATI R800 graphic processor
 * Juniper, a codename for Tesla Model Y refresh for year 2024

title: Juniper (disambiguation)


text:
A Summons to Memphis

A Summons to Memphis is a 1986 novel by Peter Taylor that won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1987. It is the recollection of Phillip Carver, a middle aged editor from New York City, who is summoned back to Memphis by his two conniving unmarried sisters to help them prevent the marriage of their elderly father to a younger woman.

Plot summary
As the story unfolds, Phillip reflects on the major incidents in the life of his once well-to-do family, which was forced to leave Nashville during the time of the Great Depression after the older Mr. Carver, a distinguished lawyer, lost a great deal of money in failed investments with his then-friend and business associate Lewis Shackleford. Though this happened when the four Carver children were still in their teens, they recall the event as a great betrayal, and the resulting move had a major impact on them and continues to affect their abilities to build stable relationships and function as adults. Their lives were further dominated by their father as he ended romantic relationships for his children if he disapproved of them for any reason.

Ultimately, the oldest Carver son joined the army and died in World War II. Neither Phillip nor his sisters ever married. His sisters maintain an odd continued adolescence well into their fifties, dressing as though they were still attractive teenagers. Phillip moves to New York and lives with a younger woman whom he will never marry. The "summons" to Memphis in the book's title refers to several events, but chiefly a call by Phillip's sisters to return and help them block their then-octogenarian father from remarrying after the death of their mother.

The book is a rumination on the responsibilities of parents, friendships between men, the relationship between the "old" and "new" south, the nature of revenge and the possibility of forgiveness.

Awards and nominations

 * Won Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1987.
 * Finalist for National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction in 1986.

title: A Summons to Memphis


text:
Cuala Press

The Cuala Press was an Irish private press set up in 1908 by Elizabeth Yeats with support from her brother William Butler Yeats that played an important role in the Celtic Revival of the early 20th century. Originally Dun Emer Press, from 1908 until the late 1940s it functioned as Cuala Press, publicising the works of such writers as Yeats, Lady Gregory, Colum, Synge, and Gogarty.

Origins
At the suggestion of Emery Walker, Elizabeth Yeats trained as a printer at the Women's Printing Society in London. In 1902, Elizabeth Yeats and her sister Lily joined their friend Evelyn Gleeson in the establishment of a craft studio near Dublin which they named Dun Emer. Dun Emer became a focus of the burgeoning Irish Arts and Crafts Movement, specialising in printing, embroidery, and rug and tapestry-making. Elizabeth ran the printing operation, and Lily managed the needlework department.

In 1904, the operation was reorganised into two parts, the Dun Emer Guild run by Gleeson and Dun Emer Industries under the direction of the Yeats sisters, and in 1908 the groups separated completely. Gleeson retained the Dun Emer name, and the Yeats sisters established Cuala Industries at nearby Churchtown, which ran the Cuala Press and an embroidery workshop. The sisters' cousin Ruth Pollexfen served as an apprentice to Lily and gave embroidery lessons at the workshop. Cuala (or Cualu) was the name of the Gaelic territory covering south Dublin before the Norman conquest of Ireland.

Operations
It was intended that the new press would produce work by writers associated with the Irish Literary Revival. They ended up publishing over 70 titles in total, including 48 by W. B. Yeats. The press closed in 1946.

The Cuala was unusual in that it was the only Arts and Crafts press to be run and staffed by women and the only one that published new work rather than established classics. In addition to Yeats, Cuala published works by Ezra Pound, Jack B. Yeats, Padraic Colum, Robin Flower, Elizabeth Bowen, Oliver St John Gogarty, Lady Gregory, Douglas Hyde, Lionel Johnson, Patrick Kavanagh, Louis MacNeice, John Masefield, Frank O'Connor, John Millington Synge, John Butler Yeats, Rabindranath Tagore and others.

After Elizabeth Yeats died in 1940, the work of the press was carried on by two of her long-time assistants, Esther Ryan and Mollie Gill under the management of Georgie Hyde-Lees. The final Cuala title was Stranger in Aran by Elizabeth Rivers, which was published on 31 July 1946.

In 1969 the press was taken up by W. B. Yeats' children, Michael and Anne Yeats, with Liam Miller. Some titles were run in the 1970s, and archives are still held by the press.

Books published by the press

 * Poetry & Ireland: Essays by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1908.
 * Poems & Translations by J. M. Synge, Cuala Press, 1909.
 * The Green Helmet: And Other Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1910.
 * Deirdre of the Sorrows: A Play by J. M. Synge, Cuala Press, 1910.
 * Synge and the Ireland of his Time by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1911.
 * Selections from the Writings of Lord Dunsany by Baron Dunsany, Cuala Press, 1912
 * Poems Written in Discouragement by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1913
 * A Woman's Reliquary by Edward Dowden, Cuala Press, 1913.
 * A Selection from the Love Poetry of W. B. Yeats by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1913.
 * Responsibilities: Poems and a Play by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1914.
 * The Post Office: A Play by Rabindranath Tagore, Cuala Press, 1914.
 * The Hour Glass by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1914.
 * John M. Synge: A Few Personal Recollections with Biographical Notes by John Masefield, Cuala Press, 1915.
 * Reveries over Childhood and Youth by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1915.
 * Certain Noble Plays of Japan by Ernest Fenollosa, edited by Ezra Pound, Cuala Press, 1916.
 * Passages from the Letters of John Butler Yeats by John Butler Yeats, edited by Ezra Pound, Cuala Press, 1917.
 * Wild Swans at Coole: Other Verses and a Play in Verse by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1917.
 * Kiltartan Poetry Book by Lady Gregory, Cuala Press, 1918.
 * Two Plays for Dances by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1919.
 * Further Letters of John Butler Yeats: Selected by Lennox Robinson, Cuala Press, 1920.
 * Michael Robartes and the Dancer by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1920.
 * Four Years by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1921.
 * Seven Poems and a Fragment by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1922.
 * An Offering of Swans by Oliver St. John Gogarty, Cuala Press, 1923.
 * Early Memories: Some Chapters of Autobiography by John Butler Yeats, Cuala Press, 1923.
 * The Cat and the Moon and Certain Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1924.
 * The Bounty of Sweden: A Meditation, and a Lecture Delivered before the Royal Swedish Academy and Certain Notes by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1925.
 * Love's Bitter-Sweet: Translations from the Irish Poets of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries by Robin Flower, Cuala Press, 1925.
 * Estrangement: Being Some Fifty Thoughts from a Diary kept by William Butler Yeats in the Year Nineteen Hundred and Nine by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1926.
 * Poems by Thomas Parnell by Thomas Parnell, edited by Lennox Robinson, Cuala Press, 1927.
 * October Blast by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1927.
 * A Little Anthology of Modern Irish Verse edited by Lennox Robinson, Cuala Press, 1928.
 * The Death of Synge: And Other Passages from an Old Diary by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1928.
 * A Packet for Ezra Pound by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1928.
 * Lyrics and Satires from Tom Moore by Thomas Moore, edited by Seán O'Faoláin, Cuala Press, 1929.
 * Wild Apples by Oliver St. John Gogarty, Cuala Press, 1930.
 * Coole by Lady Gregory, Cuala Press, 1931.
 * Stories of Michael Robartes and his Friends: An Extract from a Record Made by his Pupils: And a Play in Prose by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1931.
 * Words for Music Perhaps and Other Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1932.
 * The Wild Bird's Nest: Poems from the Irish  by Frank O'Connor, Cuala Press, 1932.
 * Arable Holdings by F.R. Higgins, Cuala Press, 1933.
 * A Pilgrimage in the West by Mario Rossi, Cuala Press, 1933.
 * The King of the Great Clock Tower, Commentaries and Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1934.
 * The Words upon the Window Pane: A Play in One Act, with Notes upon the Play and its Subject by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1934.
 * Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, Cuala Press, 1935.
 * Dramatis Personae by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1935.
 * Broadsides: a collection of old and new songs, 1935. / Songs by W. B. Yeats, James Stephens, F. R. Higgins, Frank O'Connor, Lynn Doyle, Bryan Guiness, Padraic Colum; illustrations by Jack B. Yeats [and others]; music by Arthur Duff. Cuala Press 1935.
 * Some Passages from the Letters of AE to W. B. Yeats by George William Russell, Cuala Press, 1936.
 * Broadsides: A Collection of New Irish and English Songs, 1935 edited by Dorothy Wellesley and W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1937.
 * Lords and Commons translations from the Irish by Frank O'Connor, Cuala Press, 1938.
 * New Poems by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1938.
 * On the Boiler by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1939.
 * Last Poems and Two Plays by W. B. Yeats, Cuala Press, 1939.
 * Elbow Room by Oliver St. John Gogarty, Cuala Press, 1939.
 * If I Were Four-And-Twenty.  Yeats, W. B. (1940)
 * Some Memories Of W.B.Yeats. Masefield, John. (1940).
 * The Last Ditch.  Macneice, Louis.(1941)
 * Yeats, W.B. Florence Farr, Bernard Shaw And W.B. Yeats.. Edited By Clifford Bax
 * Three Tales O'Connor, Frank. (1941).
 * Veterans And Other Poems.  MacDonagh, Donagh. (1941).
 * Seven Winters  Bowen, Elizabeth. (1942)
 * The Great Hunger.  Kavanagh, Patrick. (1942
 * A Picture Book O’Connor, Frank. . Illustrated By Elizabeth Rivers (1943)
 * La La Noo.  Yeats, Jack B (1943)
 * Pages From A Diary Written In Nineteen Hundred And Thirty.  Yeats, William Butler.  (1944)
 * Selected Poems Ap Gwilym, Dafydd.  Translated By Nigel Heseltine, With A Preface By Frank O’Connor (1944)
 * The Love Story Of Thomas Davis Told In The Letters Of Annie Hutton.  Davis, Thomas.Edited With An Introduction By Joseph Hone; (1945)
 * Stranger in Aran Elizabeth Rivers. (1946)

title: Cuala Press


text:
Net D

Net 10, net 15, net 30 and net 60 (often hyphenated "net-" and/or followed by "days", e.g., "net 10 days") are payment terms for trade credit, which specify that the net amount (the total outstanding on the invoice) is expected to be paid in full by the buyer within 10, 15, 30 or 60 days of the date when the goods are dispatched or the service is completed. Net 30 or net 60 terms are often coupled with a credit for early payment.

The word net in this sense means "total after all discounts". It originally derives from the Latin nitere (to shine) and nitidus (elegant, trim), and more recently from the French net (sharp, neat, clean).

Examples

 * The notation "net 30" indicates that full payment is expected within 30 days. If a $1000 invoice has the terms "net 30", the buyer must pay the full $1000 within 30 days.
 * The notation "2% 10, net 30" indicates that a 2% discount can be taken by the buyer only if payment is received in full within 10 days of the date of the invoice, and that full payment is expected within 30 days, For example, if a $1000 invoice has the terms, "2% 10, net 30", the buyer can take a 2% discount ($1000 x .02 = $20) and make a payment of $980 within 10 days or pay the full $1000 within 30 days.

Usage
Net 30 is a term that most business and municipalities (federal, state, and local) use in the United States. Net 10 and net 15 are widely used as well, especially for contractors and service-oriented businesses (as opposed to those that deal with tangible goods). Net 60 is not used as frequently due to its longer payment term.

Legally speaking, net 30 means that buyer will pay seller in full on or before the 30th calendar day (including weekends and holidays) of when the goods were dispatched by the seller or the services were fully provided. Transit time is included when counting the days, i.e. a purchase in transit for 7 days before receipt has just 23 additional days until payment is due to the seller. Net 30 payment terms typically have an interest penalty for not meeting these terms and they begin accruing on the 31st day after dispatch. The same happens with net 60, but 60 days are given for payment, interest penalties begin on the 61st day and thus a purchase in transit for 7 days has now 53 days until payment is due to the seller.

In certain markets such as the United Kingdom, a construction such as "net 30, end of the month" or "Net Monthly Account" indicates that payment in full is expected by the end of the month following the month of the invoice.

title: Net D


text:
Rail Bhawan

Rail Bhawan is the headquarters of the Indian Railways. It is located at Raisina Road, New Delhi, near the Sansad Bhavan (Parliament House).

The office of Minister of Railways Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw and Minister of State, Railways Shri Suresh C. Angadi is in the Rail Bhavan, along with the Railway Board, comprising 7 members headed by Chairman Railway Board, Smt. Jaya Varma Sinha.

title: Rail Bhawan


text:
Dun Emer Press

The Dun Emer Press (fl. 1902–1908) was an Irish private press founded in 1902 by Evelyn Gleeson, Elizabeth Yeats and her brother William Butler Yeats, part of the Celtic Revival. It was named after the legendary Emer and evolved into the Cuala Press.

History
In 1902, Elizabeth and her sister Lily Yeats joined Evelyn Gleeson in establishing a craft studio at Dundrum, near Dublin, called Dun Emer. This specialized in printing and other crafts, with Elizabeth Yeats in charge of the printing press. While living in London, Elizabeth Yeats had been part of the circle of William Morris, and had been inspired by his printing work. Gleeson offered the Yeats sisters her large house in Dundrum, in which a crafts group providing training and work for young women, in the fields of bookbinding, printing, weaving, and embroidery, could live and work. Bookbinding workshops were a later addition to the studio. The sisters' cousin Ruth Pollexfen served as Lily's apprentice in the embroidery section.

The Dun Emer studio and press were named after Emer, daughter of Forgall Monach, wife of the hero Cúchulainn in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, a figure famous for her artistic skills as well as her beauty. The title-page device of the Dun Emer Press was designed by Elinor Monsell and shows Emer standing underneath a tree. Monsell also created the symbol of the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, which depicts Maeve with a wolfhound. The focus of the Press was on publishing literary work by Irish authors, and Elizabeth and Lily Yeats's younger brother, the artist Jack Butler Yeats, did much of the illustration work.

In 1904, the Dun Emer crafts studio was organized into two parts, the Dun Emer Guild under Gleeson and Dun Emer Industries under the Yeats sisters.

The Dun Emer Press produced limited editions of books, printed by hand in the manner of William Morris's Kelmscott Press. The texts it published were written or selected by W. B. Yeats, who was the press's literary editor and who also subsidized its operations, which lacked profitability. In its prospectus issued early in 1903, the press boasted of "a good eighteenth century fount of type" and "paper made of linen rags and without bleaching chemicals".

As well as books, the Press also printed broadsheets designed by Jack Yeats, and hand-coloured greeting cards. In 1908, after the Press had produced eleven literary titles, the different elements of the Dun Emer studio separated completely, with Gleeson retaining the Dun Emer name. The Yeats sisters left Dundrum and took the new name Cuala for their operations, Elizabeth establishing the Cuala Press at Churchtown, Dublin.

List of books published by the press

 * W. B. Yeats, In the Seven Woods: being poems of the Irish heroic age (The Dun Emer press, 1903)
 * George William Russell, The Nuts of Knowledge, lyrical poems old and new (The Dun Emer press, 1903)
 * Douglas Hyde, The Love Songs of Connacht, being the fourth chapter of the songs of Connacht, collected and translated by Douglas Hyde (Dun Emer press, 1904)
 * W. B. Yeats, Stories of Red Hanrahan (The Dun Emer press, 1904)
 * Lionel Pigot Johnson, Twenty one poems written by Lionel Johnson, selected by William Butler Yeats (The Dun Emer Press, 1904)
 * William Kirkpatrick Magee, Some Essays and Passages by John Eglinton, selected by William Butler Yeats (Dun Emer Press, 1905)
 * William Allingham, Sixteen poems, by William Allingham, Selected by William Butler Yeats (The Dun Emer press, 1905)
 * Lady Gregory, A Book of Saints and Wonders put down here by Lady Gregory according to the old writings and memory of the people of Ireland (The Dun Emer Press, 1906)
 * George William Russell, By Still Waters; lyrical poems old and new by A. E. (The Dun Emer Press, 1906)
 * Katharine Tynan, Twenty one poems; selected by W. B. Yeats (Dun Emer press, 1907)
 * W. B. Yeats, Discoveries; a volume of essays by William Butler Yeats (Dun Emer press, 1907)

title: Dun Emer Press


text:
Talk:Molson Bank

Untitled
Glad to see an article for this. Once I get a digital camera (Soon! Hopefully!) I should have a picture for here - there's a BMO branch in Uptown Waterloo, Ontario with the old MOLSONS BANK plinth still at the top. Radagast 12:42, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * It is done! Radagast 02:58, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Molson Bank


text:
Palace on Wheels

The Palace on Wheels is India's first luxury tourist train launched by the Indian Railways in joint collaboration with Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC) to promote tourism in Rajasthan. The train was launched in 1982. The train has been renamed as Heritage Palace on Wheels.

The train service was renovated and relaunched in August 2009 with a new decor, itinerary and cuisine.

History
The concept of the Palace on Wheels was derived from the royal background of the coaches, which were originally meant to be the personal railway coaches of the erstwhile rulers of the princely states of Rajputana, Baroda, the Nizam of Hyderabad and mainly the Governor-General of India.

Due to changes in the rail gauges over the years, after the launch of the first train in 1982, the second train was built in 1991 and the third train was built in 1995.

The train halted operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed operations in 2022 and was flagged off by Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot at Gandhinagar Railway Station on 8 October 2022. The Chief Minister announced that modern furnishings and additional amenities have been added to the train and the government has accorded an industry status to the sector while setting aside ₹1,000 crore in the 2022-23 budget to promote tourism. Before the stop in operations due to the pandemic, the train ran continuously from 1982 to 2020.

A petition was filed by Worldwide Rail Journeys Pvt Ltd. to allow 18 foreign passengers to travel on the train while operations were halted due to the pandemic since they had deposited an amount of ₹15 lakh towards their booking. The Delhi High Court gave a judgement to allow these foreigners to board the train.

Facilities
The train has 14 coaches with 41 cabins and can accommodate 82 tourists. Each coach is named after former Rajput states and matches the aesthetics and interiors of the royal past: Alwar, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Bundi, Dholpur, Dungargarh, Jaisalmer, Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jodhpur, Kishangarh, Kota, Sirohi and Udaipur. Each coach has three cabins (named chambers or saloons by the company) with luxury amenities and Wi-Fi internet. The train has two restaurants, The Mahārāja and The Mahārāni, with a Rajasthani ambience serving continental and Chinese cuisine, one bar-cum-lounge, 14 saloons and a spa.

It has on-board postal, banking and laundry services.

Route
The train runs from September through April and has a 7 nights & 8 days itinerary. It departs from New Delhi (Day 1), and covers Jaipur (Day 2), Sawai Madhopur and Chittaurgarh (Day 3), Udaipur (Day 4), Jaisalmer (Day 5), Jodhpur (Day 6), Bharatpur and Agra (Day 7), return to New Delhi (Day 8).

title: Palace on Wheels