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User talk:John Wanies

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Talk:Sadruddin Aga Khan

Name correction
Should be moved to Sadruddin Aga Khan; most links in the 'pedia use that spelling (see What links here)--that is, I think, the version he preferred. I will check in family records. (My father has a Letter of Recommendation from him.) —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 06:38, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * You are correct. All official press releases from his family, the Aga Khan Development Network and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees use the spelling Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan. (See  ) I will rename the article in a few days unless there are valid objections. Cimm[talk] 16:37, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Significant Rewrite of this Article
After examining the state of this article and available sources, I decided to do a rewrite. I preserved whatever sourced information I could find from the previous version, and wrote this one based on the articles listed in the references and sources sections. I still don't think it is complete, but I believe the information is more comprehensive and accurate than before. Cimm[talk] 19:42, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Mowens35 - Thanks for your rececent edits to Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan. I noticed that you had previously been an editor. I tried to build on the foundation that you (and others) had put in place, and afterwards I was eager to see further input / editing. So I'm glad to see you've returned to the article! -- Cimm[talk] 22:08, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Death and other information
I made a couple of changes after your recent edits - most importantly adding back information about his death. I think that info is important and shouldn't be lost. Information on his social relations is still missing. There are hints in some in the sources - his nickname "Sadri" and his personal affiliations with well known personalities. Cimm[talk] 22:08, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It is the man, not his social affiliations, that are important. I'd rather more emphasis be put on his work, his career, rather than who he was friends with, etc. The family section is fine as is; we don't need to know anything about them. To emphasize them or his friends more only undercuts his career strides and importance.Mowens35 22:11, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. I noticed that you moved his death information into a section of its own. I had considered that but I think it looks stubby. Perhaps it would be better to place it back in the lead? Cimm[talk] 22:14, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the death section is fine; it doesn't belong anywhere else, in any section. Stubby, perhaps, but still accurate.Mowens35 22:16, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * We would do justice to the entire article by ensuring that it is well written, comprehensive and that it flows well. Reflecting on the fullness of his life would not "undercut" his career. After all, the entirety of his life - the influences of his family, friends, interests and perspectives - contributed to his achievements. I will leave it alone - I'd be interested in the opinions of other editors. Cimm[talk] 23:19, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Only if those friends, et cetera, can be proven to have influenced his professional career in significant, verifiable manners. It would not serve the article at all if it turned out that we were merely noting that a famous person had equally famous friends. That's a given. It's a very fine line between admiration and fan-magazine frenzy, ie highlighting details that actually have no real impact or exhibit no real illumination of the subject.Mowens35 23:22, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * We should remember that this is an article about a notable individual, not meerly his career (as impressive as it was). It is appropriate that a reader would wonder about Price Sdruddin's interests, his social affiliations, and his personal life. This is information that situates the man in his time. And I'm not refering to the fodder of gossip rags - I agree that they would do a disservice to the subject. Cimm[talk] 23:50, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

hi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.180.109.250 (talk) 14:33, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Aiming for FA status
I'd like to see if this article can be improved to the point of qualifying for FA status. Yannismarou provided some encouraging advise during the recent peer review. If the remaining blanks can be filled-in, I think the next step would be to do a general peer review to generate more interest and obtain further feedback. Then, barring any major overhauls, move for a FAC submition. Any thoughts from other editors? -- Cimm[talk] 22:08, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * i suggest expanding the section on his death and the impact it had on his society, how he was mourned, ect and perhaps the political results of loosing him. -- Alex Ov  Shaolin  19:59, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your suggestion Alex. I have expanded the section to include information about last respects, books of condolence, burial and surviving family members. I like your suggestion about the impact of his passing. Do you have any sources to suggest for this? Cimm[talk] 20:51, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Citizenship
I think someone should write the citizenship of Prince Sadruddin in the first few lines. I had some trouble finding it in the article (he's Iranian). Maybe due to his triple citizenship there can be an issue there, although I reckon it's safe to state he was Iranian. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DKTB36 (talk • contribs) 08:01, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Prince Aly Khan which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:45, 30 June 2020 (UTC)

To add to article
To add to this article: years of birth and death for Catherine. 173.88.246.138 (talk) 00:42, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sadruddin Aga Khan


text:
Talk:Medication

Comment 1
Shouldn't this article be merge with the one about drug? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.186.223.13 (talk) 20:27, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Standardization of all Drug Articles.
I propose that we start a site-wide reconstruction of all medication articles. It seems like the information that we have is very spotty, redundant, and unorganized (and I've mostly just been reading the Anti-Psychotic Articles). I'm asking seriously for an admin or other officer to promote this reformation to really improve a section with such incredible potential.

Inappropriate links
I think the addition of an external link to Mansfield-King "a premier personal care contract specialist. We provide fast, flexible and error-free contract formulating, contract manufacturing and contract packaging." is neither useful nor appropriate to this general article on medication. If there were a separate article on medication packaging, and if this company were particularly notable in that field, then the external link might be appropriate. David Ruben Talk 03:21, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Appropriate links

 * Having followed a link from the Medicine article to Iatrogenesis, which listed the article Polypharmacy; I suggest introducing a short indication about consumer drug taking outcomes, as indicated in the polypharmacy article, about multiple drug use. Drakonicon 16:02, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Drugs and brand names
Dear all,

There is a discussion about brand names on all drug articles, and the consequences of any decision are not clear. Reading many articles about drugs, it seems to me that there are different approaches about brands and names:
 * Use only the INN name in the article, and cite only the first brand name for historical reasons;
 * Use only INN name in the whole article and have a section for brands, countries and eventual generic drug availability;
 * Cite brand names near the incipit of the article, after the INN name;
 * Use only INN names removing brands;
 * (others that I didn't find in articles).

There are reasons for all of them.

My personal point of view is that brand names are important, and should be cited in a section, indicating countries and names, but only for the pure substance, e.g. Coefferalgan® is a mix of Paracetamol and Codeine, so it should not be mentioned IMO. In the whole article, I'd use just the INN name, and probably the first historical brand name.

I personally find not very clear to have different standards on drugs and medication, and a standardization should be tried.

What is your opinion about this topic? Sensei 10:24, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Not all medicines are commercial products
I have simplified the opening paragraph by moving the “legal” details to a later section. As previously written it gave the impression that all medicines are commercial products. Medicines were found in the wild long before they were produced commercially and in many parts of the world still are. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.155.140.254 (talk) 20:34, 6 April 2007 (UTC).

Medication/Medicine
In my experience routine use of the word "Medication" is limited to North America. In most English speaking parts of the world the word "Medicine" is used instead in addition to its use to denote the field of Medicine. It seems appropriate to acknowledge this in the introductory paragraph. On the first occasion I added this information someone removed it without comment. I have replaced the information and added a reference to the Medicine disambiguation page. Also see Wiki Dictionary "Medicine". —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.155.140.254 (talk) 19:14, 8 April 2007 (UTC).

Proposal for a modification of the definition
Dear all,

a french user translate the definition of this article into the french article. this was reverted as I think that the definition is not complete.

I'm proposing to complete the curent definition: "A medication is any drug taken to cure or reduce the symptoms of an illness or ongoing medical condition. Commercial medications are produced by pharmaceutical companies and are often patented. Those that are not patented are called generic drugs."

by this definition (or any more complete proposal you may wish):

"A medication, medicines or drug is any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings or animals with a view to treating or preventing disease or to making a medical diagnosis. Commercial medications are produced by pharmaceutical companies and are often patented. Copies of former patented drugs are called generic drugs."

this defintion is base on european law which says: (a) Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings; or (b) Any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings either with a view to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis.

Consolidated Directive 2001/83/EC (as amended) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use Title 1, art1, 2 (medicinal product), page13

I also change the sentence "Those that are not patented are called generic drugs" as in some part of the world (in europe for example) generic may have a different meaning (you can have not patented medicines which are not generic).

I'm waiting for your comments. --Leridant 13:04, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

A broader definition of medication
What about a historical approach of the use of substances for healing? We should also include, besides modern chemical drugs, ethnobotany, phytotherapy, homeopathy and others wich are widely used.

(Zocastro (talk) 10:24, 11 September 2008 (UTC))

Is there anything called slow posion
i herd of slow posion and saw in a movie that they will kill her slowly by 1 yera using that drug what is that exactly —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.11.51.170 (talk) 09:10, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Could be anything realy depending on the dosage and time. Most likely some Heavy Metal, Lead, Arsen, Copper f.e. are realtivly easy to get and poisen with time and time again. Or do you mean they only gave her something ONCE? Then its probably just a movies invention. Altough it could be something biological like an illness (see Cracy Cow Disease or HIV) that is deadly (at least untreated) but takes a long time to symptomize. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.81.194.79 (talk) 12:01, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

Pharmaceutical drugs
The article appears to be about drugs produced by pharmaceutical companies rather than medication in any broader sense. Perhaps the content should be at Pharmaceutical drugs. Laurel Bush (talk) 11:40, 2 February 2009 (UTC).

I have just moved the page to Pharmaceutical drug, and Medication is now a redirect to Drug. Laurel Bush (talk) 17:33, 2 February 2009 (UTC)>
 * In my opinion, it doesn't matter too much whether the article is titled "medication" or "pharmaceutical drug". But if it is "pharmaceutical drug", then medication should redirect to pharmaceutical drug because that is by far the most common meaning compared to the band medication (band).  The current disambiguation page could then be moved to medication (disambiguation).  ChemNerd (talk) 16:39, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

I'll go along with that, Medication as a redirect to Pharmaceutical drug, for the time being, Medication is, to my mind, a bit of a euphemism. Laurel Bush (talk) 11:03, 4 February 2009 (UTC).
 * I have moved it now. ChemNerd (talk) 21:23, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

Further thoughts I did have Medication as a redirect to Drug, until I realised there was Medication (band) to disambiguate Is it appropriate for Wikipedia articles to imply that the pharmaceutical industry has a monopoly on drug morality? The implication of monopoly on morality is apparent, to my mind, in use of medication to mean pharmaceutical drug, either as the title of an article about pharmaceutical drugs or as a redirect to that article Illicit cannabis, for example is often produced and supplied by people who seem honestly to believe that they are providing medication But, I will leave Medication as it is for now Laurel Bush (talk) 11:12, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

I am thinking now that pharmaceutical drug may just mean drug drug Is there any real difference between pharmacology and drug science or drug research and development, and does Wikipedia have two articles, Drug and Pharmaceutical drug where there should be just one? Laurel Bush (talk) 09:57, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if the two articles should be separate or not without looking at the content in more detail, but I definitely think pharmaceutical drug is a strange name for this article.--Taylornate (talk) 14:59, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

A quick look at current content of Pharmaceutical drug suggests it might be better placed at Medication where it was before I moved it in 2009 with medication defined as drug produced or used for medical or therapeutic purposes - and definition of medical and therapeutic left as far as possible to the Medicine and Therapy articles Pharmaceutical drug could then redirect to Drug Laurel Bush (talk) 16:31, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

Orphan Drugs
Under analgesics, it says various orphans such as paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants. But what is the basis for listing any of these as "orphan drugs" since they do not treat rare diseases? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.85.182.166 (talk) 19:52, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

Essential drugs
Perhaps the phramaceutical drugs found essential by the WHo may be described in more detail in the article see List of World Health Organization Essential Medicines —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.183.20 (talk) 12:12, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Links
The links to the Wikipedias in other languages redirect to the equivalent "Medicine" term in those languages, instead of "medicament". Is it supposed to be right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Draxtreme (talk • contribs) 19:38, 7 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Someone changed the interlanguage links. I agree with Draxtreme, new links don't seem right. The links were "medicament" instead of "medicine" before april 27 2010 (diffs : first change, second change and some corrections, , ). Xiglofre (talk) 20:44, 27 May 2010 (UTC).

For the central nervous system
Opioids are major drugs that effects CNS.It is missing under the topic.

Blockbuster drug
The definition given "generating more than $1 billion of revenue" is very dated. It needs to specify in what currency, and at what time period. (i.e. $1 billion in 2012 USD is a lot less value than $1 billion in 1900 USD). Zodon (talk) 06:41, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

The Greek word Pharmakea is where the word pharmacutical came from
I believe this should be added to the article. 2602:306:C518:62C0:1E75:8FF:FEBB:2125 (talk) 06:08, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

New matter on environmental effects
Hi User:Kacampbell13 - I understand you are a student and are not experienced in Wiklpedia. As I wrote in the edit note, the way things work in Wikipedia is that articles grow organically. When a section gets too long, it is split off into its own article. When that is done, a summary section, based on the lead section of the split off article, is left in the original article. It is important to pay mind to this -- if we don't -- if people just update the main article and ignore the split-off article, we end up with contradictory information in Wikipedia. So what you do, is that if you have updated information, it goes into the body of the split-off article. You then update the lead of the split-off article (if what you added is important enough to make it to the lead of that article), and then you update the "stub" in the main article. Please do that with your new matter. Thanks! Jytdog (talk) 13:12, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Repetitive line
Isn't the following line in the article, at Regulation, last line,

> Many countries, such as the United Kingdom have a third category of pharmacy medicines which can only be sold in registered pharmacies, by or under the supervision of a pharmacist.

-- simply a repetition of the following, in the previous paragraph,

> A third category, behind-the-counter medications (BTMs), is implemented in some jurisdictions. BTMs do not require a prescription, but must be kept in the dispensary, not visible to the public, and only be sold by a pharmacist or pharmacy technician.

-- so that the two need to be combined into one -- I suggest as follows,

> A third category, known in the US as behind-the-counter medications (BTMs), is implemented in some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom and France. BTMs do not require a prescription, but must only be kept in the dispensary of registered pharmacies, not visible to the public, and sold only by or under the supervision of a pharmacist or pharmacy technician.

--Kessler (talk) 15:31, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

content on generics
you have been adding content on legislation concerning generic drugs in the Costs section. That section is literally about costs. I noticed that this article doesn't have a subsection on generics. Shall we make one? We can just use the lead from the generic drugs and treat that like a WP:SPLIT. Sound ok? Jytdog (talk) 21:45, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 27 January 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Andrewa (talk) 19:44, 1 February 2018 (UTC)

Pharmaceutical drug → Medication – Medication is a more concise title than Pharmaceutical drug. It is far more common than the current title. 50.200.165.226 (talk) 21:04, 27 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Support As common name. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 11:42, 31 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Closing comment: This has been a long discussion! I've moved the previous talk page to Talk:Medication/archive to preserve some of it that would otherwise be overwritten. Andrewa (talk) 19:47, 1 February 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Added sentence
I added a sentence about pharmaceutical monopolies. Feel free to remove. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChiaO (talk • contribs)

Added Internal Link
Added internal link to "Access to medicines" article ChiaO (talk)

Usage
This section quotes some statistics for elderly people but makes no statement about a conclusion. I would propose deleting this section unless something is added to make use of the statistics. VernonF (talk) 20:02, 27 July 2019 (UTC) VernonF

Types of Medicine Section
Something needs to be done about the "Types of Medicine" section and it's numerous subsections. Should it be removed as it is a near duplication of the "Major drug groups" template that is at the bottom of the article? Penguinmlle (talk) 21:56, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Medication


text:
Zubir Said

Zubir Said  (22 July 1907 – 16 November 1987) was a Singaporean composer most notable for composing the national anthem of his country, "Majulah Singapura" – "Onward Singapore".

A self-taught musician, Zubir also worked as a score arranger and songwriter for Cathay Organisation's Keris Film Productions for 12 years, composing numerous songs for the company's Malay Singaporean films. He is believed to have written up to 1,500 songs, with less than 10% of them ever recorded.

Early years

The eldest child in a family of three boys and five girls, Zubir was born on 22 July 1907 in Bukittinggi (formerly known as Fort de Kock) in the Minangkabau highlands of West Sumatra, Indonesia. His mother died when he was seven years old. He attended a Dutch school but had no interest in academic studies. His involvement with music started when he was introduced to the Solfa music system by a teacher. A primary-school classmate subsequently taught him how to make and play a flute, and in middle school, he learned to play the guitar and drums from fellow students and the keroncong group he was involved in.

Move to Singapore
In 1928 at the age of 21, Zubir went to Singapore to make a living as a musician, taking up the suggestion of a sailor friend who had described the island as a place of "glittering lights, seller [coffee with milk] and butter". This was done in the face of objections from his village chieftain father, Mohamad Said bin Sanang, who believed music to be against religion. Zubir's first job was as a musician with City Opera, a bangsawan or Malay opera troupe based in Tanjong Pagar. He became the troupe's bandleader. Thereafter, in 1936, he joined the recording company His Master's Voice. Zubir went to Java to marry Tarminah Kario Wikromo, a keroncong singer, in 1938; they returned to Zubir's home town of Bukittinggi in 1941 just before the outbreak of World War II.

Coming back to Singapore in 1947, Zubir worked as a part-time photographer with the Utusan Melayu newspaper while composing and performing music and songs. In 1949 he took up the post of orchestra conductor at Shaw Brothers' Malay Film Production, and in 1952 he joined Cathay-Keris Film Productions as a score arranger and songwriter for the company's Malay films, including Sumpah Pontianak (Blood of Pontianak, 1958) and Chuchu Datuk Merah (Grandchildren of Datuk Merah, 1963). In 1957, he received his first public recognition when his songs were performed at the Victoria Theatre.

"Majulah Singapura"
Singapore, then a British colony, had been conferred city status by a royal charter from King George VI in 1951. In 1958, the City Council of Singapore approached Zubir to compose a song for the city to be titled "Majulah Singapura", which was a motto to be displayed in the Victoria Theatre after its renovation. Zubir's song, "Majulah Singapura" ("Onward Singapore"), was first performed by the Singapore Chamber Ensemble during the grand finale of a concert staged in the Victoria Theatre on 6 September 1958 to celebrate its official reopening. When Singapore attained self-government in 1959, the Government felt that a national anthem was needed to unite the different races in Singapore.

It decided that the City Council's song, which was already popular, would serve this purpose. After some revisions were made to the song, it was adopted by the Legislative Assembly on 11 November 1959, and on 30 November the Singapore State Arms and Flag and National Anthem Ordinance 1959 was passed. This statute regulated the use and display of the State Arms and State Flag and the performance of the National Anthem. "Majulah Singapura" was presented to the nation on 3 December at the launch of "Loyalty Week", replacing the colonial anthem "God Save the Queen". After Singapore's full independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965, "Majulah Singapura" was formally adopted as the Republic's national anthem. In a 1984 oral history interview, to sum up his philosophy when composing the anthem, Zubir cited the Bahasa Indonesia proverb "Di mana bumi dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung" ("You should hold up the sky of the land where you live").

Later years
In 1962, Zubir's songs for the movie Dang Anom won an award at the ninth Asian Film Festival in Seoul, South Korea.

He also gave music lessons, and often had other music artists visiting him to talk about music and asking for advice. His third and youngest daughter Puan Sri Dr. Rohana Zubir, a retired lecturer with the University of Malaya, recalled how the family home in Singapore was always filled with music. He was the heart of the conversation, very enthused and willing to share pearls of wisdom so that others could benefit from his work. This generosity extended to other areas of his life. He helped his own family in Sumatra and families in Singapore he had "adopted", sending them medicine and other items with what little he could afford, even though his own family was not well off at the time.

He was content with money earned from those lessons and his film compositions; affirming that he was never driven by money although essential for his own and family's survival, rather he valued honesty and sincerity in his work and placed importance on purity and originality, whether in his music, lyrics or style of singing. He continued working for Cathay-Keris Film Productions until he retired in 1964, composing numerous songs for Malay films. Some sources reported that he also stopped composing songs for Cathay out of objection to its management's decision to cut production costs by borrowing existing music to be used for dubbing onto the background music of some films at the time.

Zubir died at the age of 80 on 16 November 1987 at Joo Chiat Place in Singapore, survived by four daughters and a son. At the time of his death, Zubir left S$20,000 to his name. In 1990, his life and passion as a musician were documented in a book titled Zubir Said: His Songs, and in 2004 a S$69,000 bronze bust of a bespectacled Zubir was installed in Gallery 6 of the Malay Heritage Centre which pays tribute to icons in Singaporean Malay arts and culture.

Awards and honours
Zubir receives dozens of awards and honours from in and outside of Singapore for his massive contributions to the Malay world in songs and music and to Singapore. Some of his awards and honours were not in the list below. In recognition of his contributions to the State, Zubir was conferred the Sijil Kemuliaan (Certificate of Honour) on 16 March 1963 and the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (Public Service Star) in the same year. In 1971, he received the Jasawan Seni (cultural medallion) award from eight Malay cultural organisations, and the Asean Cultural and Communications Award in 1987. He also received a Certificate of Commendation from the Amalgamated Union of Public Employees (AUPE) for composing the AUPE song. In 1995, Zubir was posthumously given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Composers and Authors Society of Singapore (COMPASS).

On 8 May 2009, the Acting Minister for Information, Communications and the Arts, Lui Tuck Yew, announced that the address of the permanent campus for the School of the Arts (SOTA) near The Cathay will be 1 Zubir Said Drive, in honour of the late composer.

Music
Zubir is estimated to have written about 1,500 songs, including those written for Cathay-Keris Film Productions' Malay films in the 1950s and 1960s; less than 10% of these songs were recorded. His compositions throughout his filmography were heavily influenced by Minangkabau music, his past involvement with the bangsawan scene as well as influences of Indian classical music and Malay irama asli. However, with the decline of Malay cinema in Singapore, he is primarily remembered by Singaporeans for several patriotic compositions: its national anthem, "Majulah Singapura" ("Onward Singapore"), and "Semoga Bahagia" ("May You Achieve Happiness"), a song aimed at primary-school students often sung in schools for Children's Dayon 1 October plus during the Singapore Youth Festival.

He had also submitted three song compositions to the Malayan – later Malaysian – Government for consideration for their national anthem in 1956. However, the committee eventually decided upon selecting a traditional folk song (based upon the French songwriter Pierre-Jean de Béranger's "La Rosalie") to what would eventually became Malaysia's own "Negaraku".

On 22 August 2007, Zubir's family signed an agreement with Universal Music in Malaysia for the latter to manage his works while the copyright in the songs remains with his family. The idea to do so came after his daughter Dr. Rohana met Sandy Monteiro, senior ASEAN vice-president of the Universal Music Publishing Group in 2005 through Monteiro's wife, who was a good friend of hers. Dr. Rohana was reported as saying: "It is time to hand over the songs in order to revive them two decades after my father's passing. I hope to ensure that his songs continue to live in the hearts of young artists in Malaysia."

Works

 * (in Malay).

Books

 * (in Malay).

title: Zubir Said


text:
User talk:GNAA Zeikfried

stop making racist comments, or you will be blocked from editing. stop messing with the votes for deletion pages, or you will be blocked from editing for that, too. RickK

do it again and i'll block you. RickK 06:56, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:GNAA Zeikfried


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dave's Aqua Lounge

Dave's Aqua Lounge
Delete. Obvious advert—I already deleted the phone # and address from the text. If only we could speedy delete ads... Postdlf 06:50, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - Advertising -- Chris 73 Talk 07:19, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If the Tampa Bay area does not have publications for local entertainment listings, this would be a good time to start one. --Ianb 08:59, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, insignificant. - TB 11:51, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert for non-notable bar.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:40, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as the blatant attempt and horrendous result of advertising this is. I pray this guy doesn't try and write his own radio copy for the good of Tampa Bay. - Lucky 6.9 00:29, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP This is not an attempt at advertising. This is a blues bar that has been around for 40 years and deserves some recognition. perhaps the entry can be reworded as to not sound like an advertisement. Perhaps if you ever left the house instead of playing on your computer you would see that there is culture out there.
 * The above comment was made by anonymous 24.164.15.236 | contributions who has so far only edited pages related to this article and Votes for deletion/Skinny Dougan, which got several sock-puppet votes. I vote Delete, since this is an obvious advert. jni 10:53, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - Thuresson 10:55, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sorry Dave, you can't do that. Advert, insignificant. --Improv 16:37, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP for the second time. My name is not Dave! Obviously I cannot beat you, but I will NOT join the likes of you. DAMN you people are about the most closed minded I have ever encountered. Nothing but a bunch of halfwits. Go on and live in your cyber world I'm gonna go out and live.
 * You really know how to sway people to your side. Postdlf 22:45, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * ...not. BTW, I'm going out to have a bit of real fun.  Or at least half-fun.  What more can a poor half-wit do besides suggest to our new playmate that he tries to establish notability instead of trying to write a free ad and sling insults?  I can think of several bars and pubs that have been around for forty-plus years and none of them have an article. - Lucky 6.9 04:10, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I live in Tampa Bay and I've never heard of this place. What are you doing, Dave? Luigi30 20:08, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Glauconite

Glauconite is an iron potassium phyllosilicate (mica group) mineral of characteristic green color which is very friable and has very low weathering resistance.

It crystallizes with a monoclinic geometry. Its name is derived from the Greek glaucos meaning 'bluish green', referring to the common blue-green color of the mineral; its sheen (mica glimmer) and blue-green color. Its color ranges from olive green, black green to bluish green, and yellowish on exposed surfaces due to oxidation. In the Mohs scale it has a hardness of 2, roughly the same as gypsum. The relative specific gravity range is 2.4–2.95. It is normally found as dark green rounded concretions with the dimensions of a sand grain. It can be confused with chlorite (also of green color) or with a clay mineral. Glauconite has the chemical formula (K,Na)(Fe,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2.

Glauconite particles are one of the main components of greensand, glauconitic siltstone and glauconitic sandstone. Glauconite has been called a marl in an old and broad sense of that word. Thus references to "greensand marl" sometimes refer specifically to glauconite. The Glauconitic Marl formation is named after it, and there is a glauconitic sandstone formation in the Mannville Group of Western Canada.

Occurrence
At the broadest level, glauconite is an authigenic mineral and forms exclusively in marine settings. It is commonly associated with low-oxygen conditions.

Normally, glauconite is considered a diagnostic mineral indicative of continental shelf marine depositional environments with slow rates of accumulation and gradational boundaries. For instance, it appears in Jurassic/lower Cretaceous deposits of greensand, so-called after the coloration caused by glauconite, its presence gradually lessening further landward. It can also be found in sand or clay formations, or in impure limestones and in chalk. It develops as a consequence of diagenetic alteration of sedimentary deposits at the surface, bio-chemical reduction and subsequent mineralogical changes affecting iron-bearing micas such as biotite, and is also influenced by the decaying process of organic matter degraded by bacteria in marine animal shells. In these cases, the organic matter creates the reducing environment needed to form glauconite within otherwise oxygenated sediment. Glauconite deposits are commonly found in nearshore sands, open oceans and shallow seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. Glauconite remains absent in fresh-water lakes, but is noted in shelf sediments of the western Black Sea. The wide distribution of these sandy deposits was first made known by naturalists on board the fifth HMS Challenger, in the expedition of 1872–1876.

Uses
Glauconite has long been used in Europe as a green pigment for artistic oil paint under the name green earth. One example is its use in Russian "icon paintings", another widespread use was for underpainting of human flesh in medieval painting. It is also found as mineral pigment in wall paintings from the ancient Roman Gaul.

Fertilizers
Glauconite, a major component of greensand, is a common source of potassium (K+) in plant fertilizers and is also used to adjust soil pH. It is used for soil conditioning in both organic and non-organic farming, whether as an unprocessed material (mixed in adequate proportions) or as a feedstock in the synthesis of commercial fertilizer powders. In Brazil, greensand refers to a fertilizer produced from a glauconitic siltstone unit belonging to the Serra da Saudade Formation, Bambuí Group, of Neoproterozoic/Ediacaran age. The outcrops occur in the Serra da Saudade ridge, in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais state. It is a silty-clayed sedimentary rock, laminated, bluish-green, composed of glauconite (40-80%), potassium feldspar (10-15%), quartz (10-60%), muscovite (5%) and minor quantities of biotite (2%), goethite (<1%), titanium and manganese oxides (<1%), barium phosphate and rare-earth element phosphates (<1%).

Enriched levels of potash have K2O grades between 8 and 12%, thickness up to 50 m and are associated to the glauconitic levels, dark-green in color. Glauconite is authigenic and highly mature. The high concentration of this mineral is related to a depositional environment with a low sedimentation rate. The glauconitic siltstone has resulted from a high-level flooding event in the Bambuí Basin. The sedimentary provenance is from supracrustal felsic elements in a continental margin environment with acid magmatic arc (foreland basin).

title: Glauconite


text:
Ronald Cerritos

Ronald Osvaldo Cerritos Flores (born January 3, 1975) is a Salvadoran former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Cerritos was once the all-time leader in assists of the Major League Soccer team, the San Jose Earthquakes, with 47. He has since been surpassed by Shea Salinas and the current leader, Cristian Espinoza.

Club career
Cerritos has spent the bulk of his career playing in MLS, being signed by the league on March 21, 1997, and allocated to the San Jose Clash. While with San Jose he achieved great success, being named in the MLS Best XI in his first year with the club. In the offseason after 2001, however, Cerritos was traded to the Dallas Burn for Ariel Graziani. He never was able to settle in Dallas, having trouble earning a starting spot, and struggling with injuries.

After a year and a half at Dallas, during which he scored seven goals, Cerritos was traded to D.C. United for Ali Curtis and a first-round pick in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft. Cerritos again was largely unproductive in D.C. and was cut midway through the 2004 season because his performances were not justifying his large salary, and returned to play for Alianza in his native El Salvador. After the season with Alianza he returned to MLS and his original team, with San Jose acquiring him from DC for a draft pick. During his returning season, Cerritos scored an additional 6 goals. He is 2nd on San Jose's all-time scoring list, with 61 goals and also has the honor of having the most assists, with 47. Shortly after his return to the Earthquakes, however, Cerritos was moved to Houston for the 2006 season along with his teammates. Despite his success with San Jose his resulting stint with the Houston Dynamo was short-lived, as he was released in August 2006.

He was later signed by San Salvador F.C. on a two-year deal and became an outstanding performer week in and week out, soon being recalled to the El Salvador national team to participate in the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the United States.

In November 2007, Cerritos signed a two-year contract with expansion Real Maryland FC USL Second Division. He played fifteen games, scoring two goals, but was released by the team after their 6–0 loss to the Richmond Kickers, a game in which he did not play. On July 31, 2008, Cerritos signed with the Carolina RailHawks of the USL First Division. He finished the season with the RailHawks, but was not signed by the team for the 2009 season.

At half time of the match between the San Jose Earthquakes and Chicago Fire on September 29, 2010, Cerritos became the second player inducted into the San Jose Earthquakes Hall of Fame.

International career
Cerritos has been a mainstay in the El Salvador national team, having made over 60 appearances. He made his debut for the national team against the USA on 5 December 1993 and scored his first goal for El Salvador in a 3–2 victory over Trinidad and Tobago on January 10, 1996, in a 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup match.

On March 5, 2000, in a FIFA World Cup qualification match against Belize, Cerritos scored El Salvador's 400th goal in all senior international matches.

International goals

 * Scores and results list El Salvador's goal tally first.

Personal life
Cerritos is Married to Brenda Cerritos, Cerritos son, Alexis Cerritos, is also a professional footballer who plays for the El Salvador national football team.

In his spare time, Cerritos enjoys playing cards and playing basketball with his friends. He enjoys spending time with his two sons. He currently lives Maryland.

He now has his own Soccer Club named Cerritos Soccer Academy, youth kids from 5–19 years old.

Honors
San Jose Earthquakes
 * MLS Cup: 2001

Individual
 * MLS 50/50 Club
 * MLS All-Star: 1997, 1999
 * MLS Best XI: 1997
 * MLS Fair Play Award: 2005
 * Inducted to San Jose Earthquakes Hall of Fame: 2010

title: Ronald Cerritos


text:
Burnt Pine

Burnt Pine (Norf'k: Ban Pain ) is the largest town on Norfolk Island, an Australian external territory located in the Pacific Ocean between New Caledonia and New Zealand. It is the main commercial hub of the island, and travel from one side of the island to another generally involves passing through Burnt Pine as the island's sole thoroughfare runs through the town's centre.

Geography
The town is located on a roughly east–west-aligned ridge of volcanic soils, about 100 m above sea level. The headwaters of Cascade Creek and Broken Bridge Creek (northern side) and Watermill Creek (southern side) flow from just below the ridge.

History
In 1795, First Fleeter Andrew Goodwin was granted a prime sixty-acre lot (lot 64) on Middlegate and Queen Elizabeth Roads Norfolk Island, where he lived with his wife Lydia (Letitia) Munro and his children until 1802. A map of 1844 labels the area 'Sheep Station', and a 1904 map shows the area as large rural holdings. The impetus for founding the town came in 1942 during the Pacific War, when construction of a military aerodrome began (now the Norfolk Island Airport). This involved the destruction of the convict-planted Pine Avenue for the east–west runway. Between 1943 and 1944, the Army produced the Burnt Pine News, the first eponymous use of the place name. By the end of the war, a number of shops and a new hospital had been built around the intersection of Taylors Road and Grassy Road (the original location of the name Burnt Pine), and in 1946, Rawson Hall was built in Taylors Road. Regular commercial air services from 1946 onwards brought a gradual increase in tourism, and Burnt Pine was well placed on the airport edge for siting new guest houses and shops, such as Holloway's 'Sample Rooms', a tea shop that operated on a rise in Taylors Road known as Holloways Hill. A new hospital was built in 1952 on the Grassy Road corner. The expansion of the town matched the growth of the tourism industry. Development spread eastwards along Taylors Road: Prentice's duty-free shop opened on Taylors Road in 1953, as did the 'Leeside' store near the New Cascade Road corner. The tourist boom started in the mid-1960s, and as the town spread, the name Burnt Pine followed and now refers to the whole urbanised area.

Urban layout
The town has a ribbon development form strung along Taylors Road, with its boundaries marked by cattle grids on Taylors Road, New Cascade Road, Grassy Road, Douglas Drive and Ferny Lane. Central Taylors Road around the intersection with New Cascade Road forms the town's High Street or CBD and contains its major infrastructure. Shops, cafes, offices, service clubs, several tourist resort complexes and a few residential properties line both sides of the street. The Bicentennial Complex on Taylors Road contains the main public buildings (Visitor Centre, Post Office, Customs & Immigration Offices and Liquor Bond Store), Rawson Hall and the Lions Park sports grounds and oval. Other public buildings are the Norfolk Island Hospital on Grassy Road and the Norfolk Telecom Offices on New Cascade Road. There are no real side streets or blocks below the ridge. Taylors Road merges into Douglas Drive and the Norfolk Island Airport marking the western edge of the town. The town's buildings mainly date from the 1970s and 1980s and are mainly single storied, sitting low in the landscape.

Population
Census population figures are not available for the various districts of Norfolk Island. The population of Burnt Pine was estimated to be $180$ in 2007.

Municipal governance
There is no level of municipal governance in Norfolk Island, and the town has no formal boundaries. The Chamber of Commerce provides an avenue for involvement by business people in lobbying the Territory government for improved facilities and maintenance of public spaces. The town has no distinctive emblems or heraldry.

Nearby towns and hamlets
Kingston, the capital of Norfolk Island and main landing place, is about 3 km to the south. Middlegate, the site of Norfolk Island Central School, is a hamlet on the eastern fringe of Burnt Pine. Middlegate's main street is Queen Elizabeth Avenue, running from Taylors Road to the Middlegate Crossroads. The school is located at the crossroads, as is the Bounty Folk Museum, formerly Uncle Joe Jenkins General Store. Several tourist resorts have a Queen Elizabeth Avenue address whereas the main public space is the Queen Victoria Gardens. Cascade, the secondary landing place, with no buildings other than a pier and weighbridge and the ruins of an old whaling station, is about 2 km to the north of the town.

Notable sites in Burnt Pine and Middlegate

 * Burnt Pine
 * Norfolk Island Bowling Club 1939
 * Rawson Hall 1946
 * South Pacific Hotel
 * Lions Park sports grounds and grandstand 1974
 * The Bicentennial Complex 1988
 * Bounty Square and ship monument 2000
 * Middlegate
 * Bounty Folk Museum 1980
 * Governor's Lodge Resort 1998
 * Fletcher's Mutiny Cyclorama 2002
 * Queen Victoria Gardens 2009

title: Burnt Pine


text:
Inger Miller

Inger Miller (born June 12, 1972) is a retired American track and field sprinter who competed in the 100 metres and 200 m. She is the daughter of Lennox Miller, an Olympic double 100m medallist from Jamaica.

She attended John Muir High School in Pasadena, California and later the University of Southern California. Miller was a Tournament of Roses Princess in the 1990 court. During her professional career she was a member of HSI.

She originally won the bronze medal in the 60 meters at the 1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships, but she tested positive for excessive caffeine after the race. Her results from the tournament were nullified and she received a public warning.

She was 1999 World 200 m champion; 1999 World Champs 100 m silver medalist; 1996 Olympic 4 × 100 m relay gold medalist; 4 × 100 m relay gold medalist at 1997 World Champs; 2003 World Outdoor 4 × 100 m silver medalist.

Together with Jill Hawkins, Miller started Miller-Hawkins Productions, a full-service event coordinating company. The company currently operates out of offices in Altadena.

As of 2019 Miller was working as a flight attendant.

title: Inger Miller


text:
Talk:Joycelyn Elders

Untitled
Much of this article text is taken from the external link provided (at surgeongeneral.gov). Is this a copyvio? - Furrykef 06:53, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

unless otherwise indicated, info from .gov sites is public domain. RickK 06:55, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

Ah, right. Sorry. - Furrykef 21:11, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Quotes added on 8-1-06
These quotes look like possible libel to me, I'm going to remove them from the main page until someone can provide legitimate citations. --Breenius 04:56, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * "I've heard Eric Clapner - I think it's a wonderful thing that Eric Clapner the musician is putting on this event...I like Eric Clapner!" (referring to Eric Clapton)
 * "We can decide that we've got to keep the guns out of the hands of our children. We can make safer weapons. We can make safer bullets."
 * "Our Medicaid system had to be developed by a white, male, slave owner!" (Medicaid was created on July 30, 1965, over a hundred years after the abolishment of slavery)
 * "Sex with a child does not a pedophile make - it doesn't make the child a pedophile!"

The Eric Clapner quote is rather famous and was played repeatedly on the Rush Limbaugh show.

The "safer bullets, safer guns" quote was from a speech Elders gave at the National Press Club while she was sitting Surgeon General.

Here is the quote on Medicaid: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=990CE4DB163AF935A15751C0A962958260

The "pedophile" quote was not Elders. The quote is "Sexual contact with a child does not a pedophile make," and it comes from a book by Judith Levine entitled "Harmful To Minors: The Perils of Protecting Children From Sex." Elders wrote the foreword for this book and was confronted about it on the May 29, 2002 episode of the MSNBC show "Alan Keyes is Making Sense." Elders writing the foreword was interpreted to have endorsed the book's contents and was given the opportunity on the program to defend herself. The transcript can be found here: http://www.renewamerica.us/show/transcripts/02_05_29akims.htm

Also, December 7, 1993: During a speech at the National Press Club, US Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders says, "I do feel that we would markedly reduce our crime rate if drugs were legalized, but I don't know all the ramifications of this... I do feel that we need to do some studies. In some of the countries that have legalized drugs, they certainly have shown that there has been a reduction in their crime rate and that there has been no increase in the drug use rate."

She got into quite a bit of trouble over that one.

"Encouraging masturbation"
It is a distortion to say that she "encourag[ed] masturbation among young people", and it is an insult to her career to say that she was "most famous" for one little remark. Some very innocent and entirely proper comments were fanned up by ultra-right-wing wankers into the fictitious idea that she wanted to have mandatory group masturbation in high-school health classes, and wishy-washy Clinton caved in to the nonsense and demanded her resignation. I think she should have told him to fire her ass. Shorne 07:49, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree, except I do think it is, unfortunately, what she is best known for by the general public. That is indeed an insult to career, but it is not our job as Wikipedians to judge that in the article itself. I don't contest the edits you made, though, just pointing out that she probably is indeed most remembered for her ill-received remark. (Oddly enough, though, my political science teacher in college told this story, but somehow distorted "masturbation" into "anal sex". I watched his lectures through video tape, so I only met him twice, I think, so I wasn't there to correct him. I still regret not having sent him an e-mail of correction.) - Furrykef 22:25, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You're probably right. I'm not trying to distort the facts. I do feel that "encouraging masturbation" is an exaggeration, at least in the case of that one remark, which was a lot tamer than it was made out to be. It's probably safe, and NPOV, to say that her outspoken comments on a variety of health-related issues attracted a lot of attention. Shorne 00:26, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Understood, and I agree. - Furrykef 03:00, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Is there a good way to find out what exactly Clinton said in his letter asking her to resign? I find the request for resignation over this "incident" to be much more shocking than the event itself (which was, after all, a direct answer to a direct question)

her last name
I just noticed, in this article, her name changes from Minnie Jocelyn Lee to Minnie Jocelyn Elders, with no explanation.

It might seem trivial, but did she ever marry anyone, at what time did this happen, and did his last name happen to be Elders?71.19.38.228 00:56, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Grammar Issue Within Quotation
"The number of Down’s Syndrome infants in Washington state in 1976 was 64% lower than it would have been without legal abortion." The correct term for the aforementioned syndrome is "Down Syndrome" not "Down's." Is this a misquotation or an error of Elder's?

A more important question to ask is "what does such a statement prove?"

There are also fewer scientists, medical doctors, lawyers, teachers, and engineers as a result of legal abortion.

Assuming that Elders made the statement, with or without the incorrect apostrophe, it may be appropriate to expand the article at this point to demonstrate her apparent lack of logical reasoning ability.

John Paul Parks (talk) 13:48, 22 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Down Syndrome is commonly called Down's in the UK and other countries. In all, it was probably a misquote from over thirty years ago.  And at any rate, it's not factually inaccurate.  In the UK between 1989 and now, the abortion rate after a DS diagnosis has remained constant at 92%.  Anyway, someone else called shenanigans and removed that unreferenced quote.  98.225.230.65 (talk) 09:43, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Burntsauce deletions of quotes
Quotes have been here for sometime, but it looks like Burntsauce think they needed to BE deleted. I think he(she) wants than moved (No feedback on this page for a major change). But rather move than continues to delete them. With out them Bill Clinton's actions are not clear Telecine Guy 23:07, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Quotes belong on Wikiquote. There is a reason for this, as quote sections like these (which are just lists of quotes) provide nothing in the way of encyclopedic context.  If you want a specific quote to remain I highly advise you integrate it into the article with proper context or you will soon find it removed again.  Burntsauce 20:12, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I highly suggest that you leave well enough alone, and remove the God complex from your brawny shoulders. The quotes add a sense of humanism and personal connection to this very brief article regarding Joycelyn as a person. 24.251.84.221 08:06, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

 * If someone's going to undo the work done in compiling these quotes, they had better cite a guideline or policy that says that the quotes are a no-no. Leadwind (talk) 01:19, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Quotes
"We know that more than 70 to 80% of women masturbate, and 90% of men masturbate, and the rest lie."
 * "How do you get rid of the trash? It's out there in society, it's going on every day...You can educate children an awful lot easier than you can get rid of the trash." - (LA Times interview)
 * "We must stop this love affair with the fetus." - Austin, Texas Jan. 21, 1994
 * "The number of Down’s Syndrome infants in Washington state in 1976 was 64% lower than it would have been without legal abortion."
 * "Education, education, education. The only way we are going to get around [AIDS] is with education. We have no vaccine, we have no magic drug. All we've got is education."
 * "As long as I was in Washington I never met anybody that I thought was good enough, who knew enough, or who loved enough to make sexual decisions for anybody else."
 * “Condoms will break, but I can sure you that vows of abstinence will break more easily than condoms.”

75.47.159.254 stop deleting stuff you don't like, if you want to make up your own stuff go to Conservapedia. Christian fundamentalists should know that by now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by PrivateCitizen999999999 (talk • contribs) 11:30, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

lead
I summarized the article in the lead, which is what you're supposed to do. The lead should be able to stand alone as a concise summary of the article. Sometimes people just delete summaries in leads because they're redundant, but that's exactly what a lead should be: a redundant summary. Please see WP:LEAD, and next time you see an anemic lead, build it up. Leadwind (talk) 01:21, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Frame Up?
The article contains the following quotation,

"On December 15, 1993, around one week after making these comments, charges were filed against her son Kevin, for selling cocaine in an incident involving undercover officers, 4 months prior. Elders believes the incident was a frame-up and the timing of the charges was designed to embarrass her and the president."

It has been almost six years. Was Kevin found guilty of selling cocaine? If he was, then his arrest was no "frame up," but merely the proper exercise of law enforcement authority. We need follow up information here.

John Paul Parks (talk) 13:45, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

I found an article in TIME magazine which provides additional information, and I added a comment and citation.

John Paul Parks (talk) 14:03, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

I also found the published decision of the Arkansas Supreme Court on the Kevin Elders case, and I have added that information as well.

John Paul Parks (talk) 14:17, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Joycelyn Elders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100628225644/http://www.phs.umn.edu/education/elders/bio/home.html to http://www.phs.umn.edu/education/elders/bio/home.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/19970707185751/http://www.monitor.net/monitor/10-30-95/kevinelders.html to http://www.monitor.net/monitor/10-30-95/kevinelders.html

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title: Talk:Joycelyn Elders


text: File:The Eagles - One of These Nights.jpg


text:
Tiu Keng Leng station

Tiu Keng Leng station is an MTR station located in Tiu Keng Leng. The station features cross-platform interchange between the and the, and serves as the eastern terminus of the Kwun Tong line and the western terminus of the Tseung Kwan O line for LOHAS Park shuttle. It is located between Tseung Kwan O and Yau Tong stations on the Tseung Kwan O line, and proceeds to Yau Tong station on the Kwun Tong line. It is the only station on the Kwun Tong line located in the New Territories. The livery of the station is yellow-green.

The station is situated next to the developments of Kin Ming Estate and Choi Ming Court. Its main entrance is located on Chui Ling Road. There is a public transport area outside the station for interchange to ground-level transport.

History
Tiu Keng Leng station was built under the Tseung Kwan O Extension contract 602, which was awarded in 1999 to the Paul Y-CREC Joint Venture. The station opened on Sunday, 18 August 2002, the day the new Tseung Kwan O line fully opened for service.

Public toilets and a babycare room opened within the paid area on 20 February 2019 as part of an MTR initiative to install such facilities at interchange stations.

Station layout

Passengers from Tseung Kwan O who wish to travel to other destinations in Kowloon can ride the Tseung Kwan O line to Tiu Keng Leng, where they can interchange at the opposite platform for the Kwun Tong line.

Passengers on the Kwun Tong line can ride on the line to the Tiu Keng Leng terminus where they can alight and walk over to the opposite platform to change to Tseung Kwan O line trains for Po Lam or LOHAS Park.

Entrances and exits

 * A1: Public transport interchange
 * A2: Hong Kong Design Institute, Immigration Headquarters
 * B: Metro Town, Le Point, Caritas Institute of Higher Education

title: Tiu Keng Leng station


text:
User talk:Theman353

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

don't vandalize wikipedia articles. RickK 07:00, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Theman353


text:
Talk:Minister without portfolio

Possible article move
Should this article, perhaps, be moved simply to "minister without portfolio" (as opposed to the capitalised "Minister without Portfolio")? While it seems that it's a formal term in the United Kingdom, some other countries use it as a simple descriptive term. I'm not particularly familiar with the usage in other countries, but in early New Zealand politics, there were frequently "ministers without portfolio", but I don't think it was never an official title, and thus was never capitalised. I would prefer having the article refer to ministers without portfolio as a general category, while mentioning that some countries make it an official term. It's not important, though. -- Vardion 07:01, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The list of British ones should definitely stay capitalised. As you say, it's an official title in the UK. I would be surprised if this wasn't the case in other countries too. Even if it isn't an official title, it's likely to be formal. Minister for Women is not an official title, as no legislation has been passed to bring such an office into existence, but it is capitalised. Similarly, we have Prime Minister of Australia even though that is not an official title.

Deputy Prime Minister
The article says "The sinecure positions of Lord Privy Seal and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster can also be used for equivalent effect." Would it be appropriate to add Deputy Prime Minister to this list? DavidFarmbrough 12:17, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Definition and responsibilities
This article needs a cleanup and a clear definition. Would this minister be in the cabinet? How does this role come about? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.165.95.5 (talk) 13:09, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Ireland
I removed this, uncited and contradicts what I've replaced it with:
 * This provision has rarely been used and when so only for short periods before being assigned in charge of a Department of State.
 * Eamonn Duggan (1922)
 * Fionán Lynch (1922)
 * Erskine H. Childers (1959)
 * Michael O'Kennedy (1972-1973)
 * Martin O'Donoghue (1977)

The first two listed predate the 1939 Act in any case. jnestorius(talk) 23:24, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

Lacks clarity
In Canada, and I believe in the UK, the Government is defined as those who can introduce a money bill. So: can a Minister without portfolio introduce a money bill, or are they in cabinet but not the government?

The Bear —Preceding unsigned comment added by Envirobear (talk • contribs) 15:30, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Correction
Spencer Horatio Walpole was a Conservative; just because he had Whig forebears did not make him one. Moreover, if the government of Derby and Disraeli (1866-8) wasn't a Conservative one, then I'd be very much surprised, and this fact would not only fly in the face of interpretation of history, but also historical fact! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.57.195 (talk) 19:27, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Sinecure
My definition of "sinecure" would be a named post that doesn't have arduous duties, whereas a Minister Without Portfolio is someone (generally of cabinet rank) who is given a job to do and thus has significant duties, but doesn't have a specifically named post within the existing framework of government (ie the extant list of government departments). I'm posting this as a critique of the article summary, which in any case appears to be without citations.Silas Maxfield (talk) 19:30, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Boris Johnson and Lord Feldman
DO NOT PUT THEM THERE. Boris and Lord Feldman are not Ministers without Portfolio, they are not even ministers or any other member of the government. Boris and Feldman are allowed to attend the political cabinet which includes the chief of staff, senior advisers etc. but they are NOT ministers and it is factually incorrect (a downright lie) to include it on the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cindy's Cafe (talk • contribs) 04:14, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

Double Standards Fallacy
There is no valid reason the UK should have such pedant showmanship under its heading, while every other applicable sovereign is not afforded equal treatment. Either neuter the UK so they are equal to the rest of us, or give everyone else an equal dose of the psychosis, sans UK, macropenilephilia, so we can be ego-inflated too. 72.67.29.199 (talk) 11:01, 13 December 2015 (UTC)

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Cabinet Secretary Without portfolio
Hon. Cleophas Wakhungu Malala - Secretary General UDA and a Cabinet Secretary Without portfolio in the current Kenyan Kenya Kwanza government.￼ 154.159.237.31 (talk) 13:21, 19 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minister without portfolio


text:
Pocket (military)

A pocket is a group of combat forces that have been isolated by opposing forces from their logistical base and other friendly forces. In mobile warfare, such as blitzkrieg, salients were more likely to be cut off into pockets, which became the focus of battles of annihilation.

The term pocket carries connotations that the encirclement was not intentionally allowed by the encircled forces, as it may have been when defending a fortified position, which is usually called a siege. That is a similar distinction to that made between a skirmish and pitched battle.

Soviet military doctrine
Soviet military doctrine distinguishes several sizes of encirclement:

 * Cauldron or kettle (котёл; ): a very large, strategic-level concentration of trapped enemy forces
 * Sack (мешок; ): an operational-level trapped enemy force
 * Nest (гнездо; ): a tactical-level trapped enemy force

The significance of these terms are reflected by the conception of what can be expected in combat in encirclement operations. A cauldron is expected to be "boiling" with combat activity, the large enemy forces still quite able to offer "hot" resistance in the initial stages of encirclement, and so are to be contained, but not engaged directly. A sack in Soviet experience was often created as a result of operational breakthroughs, and was sometimes as unexpected for the Soviet command as for the enemy. This encirclement, sometimes of an entity of unknown size, tended to move for some time after the initial encirclement due to inherently dynamic nature of operational warfare. By contrast a nest was a reference to a tactical, well-defined and contained encirclement of enemy troops that was seen as a fragile construct of enemy troops unsupported by its parent formation (the use of the word nest is similar to the more familiar English expression machine gun nest).

Kessel
In German the word Kessel (cognate with kettle) is commonly used to refer to an encircled military force, and a Kesselschlacht ("cauldron battle") refers to a pincer movement. The common tactic which would leave a Kessel is referred to as Keil und Kessel (Keil meaning "wedge"). Kessel is a loanword in English texts about World War II. Another use of Kessel is Kessel fever, the panic and hopelessness felt by any troops who were surrounded with little or no chance of escape.

'Kettling' is also used to refer to a police tactic in which police surround groups of protesters to contain their activities.

Cerco
In Spanish the word Cerco (literally a fence or siege) is commonly used to refer to an encircling military force. Cercos were particularly common in the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay (1932–1935) and encirclement battles were decisive for the outcome of the war. In the Campo Vía pocket 7,500 Bolivians were taken prisoner out of an initial combat force of 10,000. Other cercos of the war include the battle of Campo Grande and the battle of Cañada Strongest.

Motti
Motti is Finnish military slang for a totally encircled enemy unit. The tactic of encircling is called motitus, literally meaning the formation of an isolated block or "motti", but in effect meaning an entrapment or envelopment.

The word means "mug" in many Finnish dialects; an alternate translation refers to a cubic meter of firewood, a relatively small area in which an encircled enemy could be "cut down" like trees. motti is thus related to kessel. A motti in military tactics therefore means the formation of "bite sized" enemy units which are easier to contain and deal with.

This tactic of envelopment was used extensively by the Finnish forces in the Winter War and the Continuation War to good effect. It was especially effective against some of the mechanized units of the Soviet Army, which were effectively restricted to the long and narrow forest roads with virtually no way other than forwards or backwards. Once committed to a road, the Soviet troops effectively were trapped. Unlike the mechanized units of the Soviets, the Finnish troops could move quickly through the forests on skis and break columns of armoured Soviet units into smaller chunks (e.g., by felling trees along the road). Once the large column was split up into smaller armoured units, the Finnish forces attacking from within the forest could strike the weakened column. The smaller pockets of enemy troops could then be dealt with individually by concentrating forces on all sides against the entrapped unit.

A motitus is therefore a double envelopment manoeuvre, using the ability of light troops to travel over rough ground to encircle enemy troops on a road. Heavily outnumbered but mobile forces could easily immobilize an enemy many times more numerous.

By cutting the enemy columns or units into smaller groups and then encircling them with light and mobile forces, such as ski-troops during winter, a smaller force can overwhelm a much larger force. If the encircled enemy unit was too strong, or if attacking it would have entailed an unacceptably high cost, e.g., because of a lack of heavy equipment, the motti was usually left to "stew" until it ran out of food, fuel, supplies, and ammunition and was weakened enough to be eliminated. Some of the larger mottis held out until the end of the war because they were resupplied by air. Being trapped, however, these units were not available for battle operations.

The largest motti battles in the Winter War occurred at the Battle of Suomussalmi. Three Finnish regiments enveloped and destroyed two Soviet divisions as well as a tank brigade trapped on a road.

In World War II

 * In the winter of 1939–1940, Finnish troops encircled in a series of coordinated assaults approx. 50,000 Red army soldiers in the Battle of Suomussalmi with Soviet casualties exceeding over 30,000, while Finnish casualties stayed relatively low, approx. 1,000 soldiers (estimates vary). Escaping Red army soldiers abandoned hundreds of weapons and vehicles which were later used by the Finnish forces.
 * From June to December 1941, during Operation Barbarossa,
 * Almost the entire Soviet Western Front of over 420,000 was encircled and destroyed by the German Army Group Centre in the Battle of Bialystok-Minsk.
 * Later, 310,000 Soviet troops were captured in a pocket at Smolensk when isolated by the Panzer forces of Generals Heinz Guderian and Hermann Hoth on August 5, 1941.
 * During the Siege of Odessa, German and Romanian forces encircled and captured tens of thousands of Soviet troops.
 * At the end, most of the Soviet Southwestern Front (about 700,000 soldiers) was encircled in the First Battle of Kiev.
 * During the Battle of Moscow, over one million Soviet troops were encircled and destroyed in the opening phase, with 600,000–700,000 of them becoming prisoners, and the rest being killed.
 * In the winter of 1942, 100,000 German Wehrmacht troops were encircled in the Demyansk Pocket in northwestern Russia, but were relieved the following spring.
 * In the winter of 1942, 5,500 German troops were encircled by the Soviets in the Kholm Pocket.
 * In the spring of 1942, 277,000 Soviet troops engaged in an offensive thrust were encircled during the German counterattack in the Second Battle of Kharkov.
 * In November 1942, during the Battle of Stalingrad, nearly all of the German Sixth Army of over 250,000 men was encircled and destroyed in Operation Uranus. The Italian Army in Russia and the Hungarian Second Army were similarly eliminated during Operation Little Saturn.
 * In late 1942 and early 1943, some 50,000 German 3rd Panzer Army troops were, under much higher losses, encircled and annihilated by the Soviets in the Velikiye Luki Pocket.
 * In early 1944 the German 8th Army was encircled in the Korsun Pocket; though could eventually break out with both sides suffering heavy losses.
 * In March 1944 the 1st Panzer Army was trapped by the Soviets in the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket (or Hube's Pocket), but was able to inflict high losses and broke out.
 * In May 1944, nearly half the German and Romanian garrison in the Crimean Peninsula were captured during the Crimean Offensive, primarily in Sevastopol.
 * In June and July 1944, over 350,000–500,000 German troops were killed, wounded, or captured during Operation Bagration in modern Belarus.
 * In August 1944, over 300,000 German and Romanian troops were overrun in the second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive in modern Romania.
 * In August 1944, following the D-Day landings, the German 7th Army was trapped in the Falaise pocket.
 * Also in September 1944, during the Battle of Arnhem, a reinforced British Airborne division was trapped in a pocket the Germans called the Hexenkessel (lit. 'witches' cauldron'), suffering over 8,000 casualties.
 * In 1944, thousands of German troops were encircled by a Canadian Army force in the Breskens Pocket during the Battle of the Scheldt.
 * In winter of 1944–1945, a large number of German Army Group Courland troops was isolated in the Courland Pocket in northwestern Latvia until the end of the war.
 * In the same winter German troops were encircled in the Memel pocket; however, they eventually were evacuated by sea.
 * Also during the winter of 1944–1945, nearly 300,000 German troops were overrun in the Vistula–Oder Offensive in modern Poland.
 * In 1944–1945, 180,000 German and Hungarian troops were isolated by Soviet troops in the Siege of Budapest.
 * In 1945 the German 9th Army was destroyed in the Battle of Halbe.
 * In 1945, 325,000 German Army Group B troops were isolated and captured by advancing Twelfth United States Army Group in the Ruhr Pocket.
 * In April and May 1945, over 85,000 German troops were encircled and destroyed in the Battle of Berlin and collapse of Nazi Germany.
 * Finally in August 1945, over 700,000 Japanese and Manchurian troops were encircled over a broad area during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.

Other pockets

 * The Hornet's Nest during the Battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War, where two Union divisions were surrounded, cut off from the rest of the army, and held out against ferocious Confederate attacks for six hours before surrendering.
 * Campo Vía in the Chaco War.
 * In the Yugoslav Wars the Medak Pocket was a Serb-populated area in Croatia that was invaded by Croatians in September 1993.
 * In the war in Donbas, Ukrainian troops were encircled at Ilovaisk in August 2014, suffering heavy material and human losses. Eight years later, following the escalated invasion by Russia in eastern and southern Ukraine starting February 24, in September 2022 the Armed Forces of Ukraine mounted a lightning counteroffensive, followed by the retaking of Lyman (Rus.: Liman), an established base and railway hub for the Russian occupiers, in a "cauldron/kettle"-scale encirclement operation.
 * During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian and DPR forces surrounded the city of Mariupol, trapping thousands of Ukrainian troops. Rather than surrender, the encircled troops continued fighting for over two months in what became the Siege of Mariupol, with heavy casualties inflicted on both sides.

title: Pocket (military)


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User:Imrahil

Soon a profile will be edited here...

title: User:Imrahil


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Louis Buvelot

Louis Buvelot (3 March 1814 – 30 May 1888), born Abram-Louis Buvelot, was a Swiss landscape painter who lived 17 years in Brazil, and following 5 years back in Switzerland, stayed 23 years in Australia, where he influenced the Heidelberg School of painters.

Early life
Buvelot was born in Morges, Vaud, Switzerland, second son of François Simeon Buvelot, postal official, and his wife Jeanne-Louise née Heizer, a school teacher. Louis Buvelot (who disliked his first name and never used it) worked under Marc-Louis Arland at Lausanne, and from around 1834 continued his studies at Paris with Camille Flers, a well-known landscape painter of the day. After a few months there he migrated to Bahia, Brazil where he worked on his uncle's coffee plantation. In October 1840 Buvelot moved to Rio de Janeiro and attracted the notice of the emperor Dom Pedro II, who bought some of his pictures and decorated him with the Order of the Rose. In November 1843 Buvelot married Marie-Félicité, née Lalouette (born 1816). Buvelot returned to Switzerland in 1852 and in 1856 was awarded a silver medal for a picture exhibited at Bern. Buvelot having lived in a warm country and finding the cold of Switzerland trying to his health left his family in La Chaux-de-Fonds and sailed from Liverpool bound for Melbourne, Australia in 1864 accompanied by Caroline-Julie Beguin, a teacher.

Career in Australia
Arriving in Melbourne in February 1865, Buvelot was in business as a photographer in Bourke Street for a year but soon resumed his painting. He lived for some years in Latrobe Street East, and then moved to George Street, Fitzroy. His new wife, Caroline-Julie Beguin, helped by teaching French, and presently he began to find buyers for his pictures, of whom James Smith was one of the earliest. In 1869 the trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria bought two of his pictures, and in 1870 paid £131 for the Waterpool at Coleraine. In 1873, 1880 and 1884 he was awarded gold medals at exhibitions held in Melbourne, and he also received a silver medal at the Philadelphia exhibition of 1876. His reputation became established, his only interest was his work, and he went on steadily painting until his death on 30 May 1888.

Buvelot died at his home on George St, Fitzroy. He was buried at the Boroondara Cemetery, where a large monument was erected in his memory.

Legacy
Buvelot's widow, also an artist, died in 1902, there were no children. In July 1888 a memorial exhibition of his work was held at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, and one of the galleries in that building was subsequently named after him.

Buvelot is best known for his great contribution to Australian art. His works, mostly oil landscapes, are quite well regarded, but perhaps his impact was even greater as a tutor of several members of the Heidelberg School, including Arthur Streeton, who named Buvelot's 1866 painting Summer Evening Near Templestowe the "first fine landscape painted in Victoria".

His enthusiasm for plein air painting (that is, painting directly in the open air) was a key characteristic of those artists' work.

Collections

 * National Gallery of Victoria, NGV also holds and his bust by Bertram Mackennal and a portrait in oils by J. C. Waite
 * Art Gallery of New South Wales
 * Art Gallery of Western Australia
 * Art Gallery of Ballarat
 * Geelong Gallery
 * Castlemaine Art Museum
 * Tate Gallery in London

title: Louis Buvelot


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User:Sean Kelly

Hi. I do some math, some statistics, and some software engineering. I graduated in 2017 from the University of Maryland with a Ph.D. in mathematics. My dissertation was on the adelic differential graded algebra for surfaces. I also graduated in 2004 from Reed College. My thesis was on solutions to Diophantine cubic equations over the p-adic numbers. I'm originally from Portland, Oregon.

title: User:Sean Kelly


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User talk:E4sd

Please do not add commercial links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. • Benc • 07:12, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:E4sd


text:
Henry Hellyer

Henry Hellyer (1790 – c. 1 September 1832) was an English surveyor and architect who was one of the first explorers to visit the rugged interior of the north west of Tasmania, Australia and made the most comprehensive maps of the area up to that time.

Life
Henry Hellyer was descended from Hellyers living in the area of Portsmouth in England. Nothing is known about his early life or where he was trained as an architect and surveyor, but it seems that the family were able to afford to educate their children well. His older brother William Varlo Hellyer was a lawyer in London and Secretary of the Royal Institution in 1841. A copy of a letter written by Henry in 1830 to William Varlo's Hellyer's wife, Mary Vuliamy was deposited by a Canadian descendant of William and Mary in the Hellyer Regional Library in Burnie, Tasmania. Henry himself had no direct descendants.

When the Van Diemen's Land Company was formed in 1825 he was one of the first officers to sign on, as a surveyor (later Chief Surveyor) and Chief Architect. His achievements in Tasmania are well documented, and the Court of Directors of the VDL Co in London noted his resignation (March 1832) as follows: "Mr Hellyer, whose valuable services have been so great and whose name is so well known both to the Colonial Government and at home, by his unwearied exertions for the company, by his personal privation and risk in exploring the country, and by the admirable maps and plans which have been exhibited, has been recently appointed to an important situation under the Surveyor-General of the Colony".

There are no portraits of Henry Hellyer. However, for the sesquicentenary of the town of Burnie in 1977, a portrait was created by local artist Casey McGrath from descriptions, and used as the basis for 200 silver medallions and 4,000 anodised aluminium ones that were given to school children in the area. A special issue of the local newspaper provided a detailed account of his life.

Work in Tasmania
Henry Hellyer explored most of North Western Tasmania for his employer, the Van Diemen's Land Company (VDL Co), and wrote extensive journals and reports which are held in various archives. His best known journey was with Richard Frederick Isaac Cutts, from Circular Head to St Valentines Peak and back, in February 1827.

Overall, it seems clear that Henry Hellyer accepted the VDL Co view that their royal charter from King George IV made the Aboriginal people of North West Tasmania trespassers on company land. In August 1830, while building a footbridge over the River Wey, his camp at Weybridge was visited by George Augustus Robinson and the "friendly mission" whose intent was to investigate claims of killings, including the Cape Grim massacre by VDL Co employees, and to remove all Aboriginal people from their land and relocate them to an offshore island. The party that visited Hellyer's camp included Truganini and her husband Woorady. Hellyer told Robinson of a stock-keeper who claimed to have killed 19 Aboriginal people with a swivel-gun and later wrote to his sister-in-law about Robinson's visit, saying, "I hope he will do some good, for at present a man's life is not safe if he stirs out without arms, but I have hitherto been lucky enough to escape." This probably refers to an incident on 25 January 1829 which he described in a report as "...a narrow escape, the natives having set fire to a thicket which we were struggling to get through. We rushed through the flames... We saw the natives with fire and tried to shoot them, but although not ten yards off they all escaped..."

In 1831 he became the first European to reach the summit of Cradle Mountain. In the same year, he began the design of the residence, Highfield House, for the Chief Agent of the VDL Co, but he did not live to see it built. He committed suicide on the night of 1/2 September 1832, leaving a note which is held in the Tasmanian Archives.

Hellyer travelled extensively along the north of the island. Parts of his journey have been recorded by Brian J Rollins, who followed precisely parts of this journey. His article, "Henry Hellyer, esquire, 1790/1832: Van Diemen's Land Company surveyor: in his footsteps." was published in 1988 by Australian Surveyor.

Suicide
Hellyer suicided on 9 September 1832, his incoherent suicide note ending with the following line:

Alas my mother, in agony I fly to my saviour.

His suicide was the inspiration for a 1998 play. Most theories about the suicide are speculation, except for a thorough investigation involving the well-validated technique of LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). An analysis of his diaries from the day he left England, suggests he was suffering from ever-increasing depression. An alternative view has been advanced that he may have suffered from bipolar disorder. Baddeley, Daniel and Pennebaker's analysis suggests that his final extreme distress could have been occasioned by gossip circulated about illegal sexual relationships with convict associates. There was no concrete evidence available at the time for this. It is more likely that this gossip was malicious and intended to blacken his name. There could well have been some envy at Stanley (the base for the Van Diemen's Land Company) that Hellyer could look forward to a government appointment. As a devout Christian, he would have been devastated by this. A further suggestion is that he may have suffered from gelotophobia, an inability to deal with what he perceived as bullying, even if this was in fact merely thoughtless teasing.

A further LIWC analysis of the internal inquiry conducted into his suicide, on behalf of the Van Diemen's Land Company, suggests there was a whitewash by those who might have been seen as involved in negative behaviour towards Hellyer.

Gwyneth Daniel's detailed exposition of these and other points can be seen in ''Utmost Extrication. Why Henry Hellyer Shot Himself''.

Despite the evidence concerning depression, in a letter to his sister-in-law in 1830 he wrote that he had been in excellent health ever since arriving in the Colony, "...except for two or three short attacks occasioned by over-exertion and fatigue after some of my long excursions in the bush". There is no hint of what these "attacks" may have been, but there is no doubt that his explorations were marked by extraordinary energy and copious note-taking on everything that took his interest, from cicadas, through "young centipedes white as snow" to land-crab chimneys. He is often described as a visionary. The Chief agent of the VDL Co wrote of him, "He is exceedingly chimerical in all his ideas... He would have mansions where I would have cottages", and elsewhere, "...he may he said to look upon everything with a painter's eye and upon his own discoveries in particular with an affection which is blind to all faults".

If Henry Hellyer was prone to "attacks" of depression after periods of over-exertion and fatigue, the winter of 1832 provided an occasion. He wrote: "...The snow is so deep that we are completely hemmed in by it. It forms such hard lumps on my overalls... that I was completely fettered by it and in the greatest pain imaginable. One hour of this weather would kill any man if he were stuck fast and remained inactive. The poor dogs were literally plated with coats of mail formed by the ice on their hair, but they traveled better than we could, as the crust would support them...".

Legacy
Although Henry Hellyer had no descendants, his younger brother Thomas Hellyer (1801–41) migrated to New Zealand with his son William (1821–1885) by way of Hobart Town, Tasmania, where Thomas married his second wife on 11 June 1832. Henry Hellyer had by then advised the Court of Directors of the VDL Co that he would be leaving their service at the end of his contract, to accept an appointment with the Surveyor-General in Hobart Town, a highly coveted position that might have generated some envy among his colleagues. It is not known if the brothers had plans to work together, if they met, or if Henry Hellyer attended the wedding. He could have done so, since the VDL Co operated a cutter that made the trip regularly for mail and supplies, but his name is not listed amongst the witnesses.

Henry's nephew William Hellyer migrated from New Zealand to New South Wales about 1838, and became a solicitor and was a member of the NSW Parliament for one day in 1861. Many Australian Hellyers are descended from William, whose son Thomas Henry Hellyer (1840–1889) was a member of the NSW Parliament from 1883 to 84.

Places named by or after Henry Hellyer

 * Arthur River: Aboriginal name Tunganrick, renamed by Hellyer 1827, but it was already recorded as the Arthur River in 1824
 * Dipwood Marsh and Dipwood Range: 1827
 * Emu River: 13 February 1827
 * Hampshire Hills
 * Hellyer River and Hellyer Gorge: Aboriginal name Kar.ne.ket.tel.lay; renamed as "Don" by Hellyer, 16 February 1827; later renamed after him
 * Saint Valentine's Peak: Aboriginal name Natone, renamed by Hellyer 14/15 February 1827
 * Surrey Hills: February 1827

Other

 * Fossil trilobite (Nepea hellyeri)
 * Centipe (Lamcytes hellyeri)
 * Minerals: Hellyerite, the Hellyer Deposit and the Hellyer Mine
 * Hellyer College and the Hellyer Regional Library in Burnie, Tasmania
 * Hellyers Road Distillery

title: Henry Hellyer


text:
Sleeper hold

A sleeper hold may refer to:
 * A type of chokehold
 * A pre-MMA term for a version of the rear naked choke used in professional wrestling matches
 * A travel pillow invented by Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu instructor Rener Gracie

title: Sleeper hold