text:
User talk:RJB~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:
 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 15:41, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Sam... just trying the tilde thing RJB 15:43, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

HI: Thanks for all of this RJB. You have in a well mannered way helped me out and i appreciate it. I will look into setting up a user name etc. I agree and beseech Ekklesiastic to join me in a private discussion on this issue. A neutral third party, friends of both of us has agreed to moderate. Rather than going back and forth can we leave it as I have had it for a couple of weeks and discuss this? Please. Kevin (no user yet but will get one)

RJB - I will send the above to you directly as I am not sure if you check this? Once I am a user can you copy this over to my talk page too?

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ekklesiastic"

Consistory
Dear Rei Momo,

Is there any chance you could attend the consistory of feb. 14 in order to take some nice pictures of the new cardinals? Am I correct in assuming you live in Rome? If that is the case, there are some titulair churches that urgently need to be photographed.

Best wishes, God bless you RJB (msg) 11:13, 15 gen 2015 (CET)

 * Dear RJB, I don't think to go in Rome for the Consistory of 2015, because I already was there for the episcopal ordination of father Maurizio Malvestiti, last October 2014. Maybe for next Easter Holydays.

 * Tell me wich are the churces that need pictures, that if I'll go to Rome, I'll be pleased to take. God bless you too! Rei Momo (talk) 13:34, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called RJB. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name RJB~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:34, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:RJB~enwiki


text:
Montgomery County, Ohio elections

A range of local government and legal positions are filled by regular elections in Montgomery County, Ohio.

County Board of Commissioners
Montgomery County is governed by a three-member county commission. As of October 2012, the board comprises three Democratic members: Debbie Lieberman, Judy Dodge, and Dan Foley. Former Montgomery County Sheriff Dave Vore, a Republican will challenge incumbent Dodge in November 2012. Lieberman will seek re-election against Kettering City Council member Ashley Webb.

County Prosecutor
The county prosecutor of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

County Auditor
The county auditor of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Clerk of Courts
The clerk of courts of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Sheriff
The sheriff of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Recorder
The county recorder of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Treasurer
The county treasurer of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Engineer
The county engineer of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Coroner
The coroner of Montgomery County, elected for a four-year term.

Common Pleas Court Judges
Judges of the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas are elected for four-year terms. There are currently 11 general division judges, two domestic relations division judges, one juvenile division judge, and one probate division judge.

County Court Judges
Judges of the Montgomery County, County Court are elected for four-year terms. They act as the municipal judges for cities in Montgomery County that have not created their own municipal courts.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Montgomery County, Ohio elections


text: Template:Comics-stub

title: Template:Comics-stub


text:
Category:Comics stubs

See WikiProject Comics for article co-ordination.

If a stub fits into one of the following stub types, please add the stub to that type instead.

 * Canada-comics-stub
 * Comic-strip-stub
 * Comics-char-stub
 * Comics-company-stub
 * Comics-creator-stub
 * US-comics-creator-stub
 * UK-comics-creator-stub
 * Comics-film-stub
 * DarkHorse-Comics-stub
 * DC-Comics-stub
 * Disney-comics-stub
 * FrancoBelgian-comics-stub
 * Image-Comics-stub
 * Italy-comics-stub
 * Manhua-stub
 * Manhwa-stub
 * Marvel-Comics-stub
 * Transformers-stub
 * UK-comics-stub
 * webcomic-stub

title: Category:Comics stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Subramanyam shanker

Subramanyam shanker was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 4 votes to delete. Postdlf 03:08, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Subramanyam shanker
Quite un-notable. --jpgordon {gab} 15:45, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What's courier industry? Curry industry maybe? Delete, though. — Bill 18:09, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. not notable. -R. S. Shaw 23:26, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity article. Maybe he is a delivery man. Geogre 04:40, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Entwine

Entwine was a Finnish gothic metal band from Lahti. Entwine played their last gig on 9 Nov 2019 at Lahti.

History
Entwine was originally assembled under the name Kaamos in 1995 by guitarist and vocalist Tom Mikkola, drummer Aksu Hanttu and bassist Teppo Taipale. They were originally a death metal band with harsh male vocals. In 1997 they decided to change their name to Entwine and their musical style to gothic metal/rock.

Rhythm guitarist and vocalist Panu Willman was added to the band's line-up in 1997. In December of that same year, Entwine recorded its first demo entitled Divine Infinity. In February 1998 keyboard player Riitta Heikkonen joined the band.

Entwine's debut album Treasures Within Hearts was released in September 1999. In April 2000 both Willman and Taipale left the band, with the latter being replaced by Joni Miettinen. Vocalist Mika Tauriainen was added to the band in the following month.

The band's next album Gone was released in April 2001. It received the award of "Album of the Month" from German magazine Hammer and the song "New Dawn" entered the "Finnish Single Charts" in one of the top ten positions.

Jaani Kähkönen joined the band as a live session guitarist in late 2001, but soon became a permanent member of Entwine. In early 2002 the band recorded their third album, Time of Despair, which was produced by Anssi Kippo. Entwine then toured Europe with Theatre of Tragedy and Ram-Zet to promote this release.

In 2003 Entwine recorded their fourth album, diEversity, released in March 2004. This album showed an evolution on their sound, abandoning some of the band's gothic roots and opting for a heavier style. This new style incorporated heavy, de-tuned rhythm guitars alongside more melodic vocals than in previous albums. The band's first single "Bitter Sweet" reached No. 3 on the "Finnish Single Charts" and the album itself reached No. 11 on the "Official Chart of Finland".

Entwine released in August 2005 an EP containing five tracks, entitled Sliver.

In August 2006 Entwine released their fifth album entitled Fatal Design and toured in Europe with German gothic rock band Zeraphine.

On December 8, 2006, keyboardist Riitta Heikkonen announced her departure from the band citing personal reasons. No replacement is planned.

On May 3, 2008, Entwine announced that they had begun work on their sixth studio album which was produced by Hiili Hiilesmaa (HIM, Apocalyptica, Sentenced). The album was set to be released on January 14, 2009, but was pushed back to the 28th. With the title Painstained.

A compilation album was released on June 23, 2010, with the name Rough n' Stripped.

The band announced in January 2014 that they had begun recording their seventh album. On December 22, 2014, the vocals were completed. On May 12, 2015, Entwine stated that they were in the final stages of programming, mixing and mastering the album. On June 25, 2015, the band announced on their official Facebook page that the album had been completed and was now ready for release. The album, Chaotic Nation was eventually released on 2 October 2015.

Line-up
Current members
 * Mika Tauriainen - vocals (Since 1999)
 * Tom Mikkola - guitars (Since 1995)
 * Jaani Kähkönen - guitars (Since 2001)
 * Joni Miettinen - bass guitar (Since 2000)
 * Aksu Hanttu - drums (Since 1995)

Former members
 * Teppo Taipale - bass guitar (1995–1999)
 * Panu Willman - vocals, guitars (1997–1999)
 * Riitta Heikkonen - keyboards (1997–2006)

Timeline

Albums

 * The Treasures Within Hearts (1999)
 * Gone (2001)
 * Time of Despair (2002)
 * DiEversity (2004)
 * Fatal Design (2006)
 * Painstained (2009)
 * Chaotic Nation (2015)

EPs

 * Sliver (2005)

Compilations

 * Rough n' Stripped (2010)

Singles

 * New Dawn (2000)
 * The Pit (2002)
 * Bitter Sweet (2004)
 * Surrender (2006)
 * Chameleon Halo (2006)
 * Strife (radio only single 2008)
 * Save Your Sins (2010)
 * Plastic World (2015)

Demos

 * Divine Infinity (1997)

title: Entwine


text:
Zhu Biao

Zhu Biao (10 October 1355 – 17 May 1392) was the Hongwu Emperor's eldest son and crown prince of the Ming dynasty. His early death created a crisis in the dynasty's first succession that was resolved by the successful usurpation of his brother Zhu Di as the Yongle Emperor, an act with far-reaching consequences for the future of China.

While his father completed his rebellion against the Yuan dynasty, Zhu Biao was generally kept away from the front lines and provided with the most esteemed Confucian scholars of his time as tutors. Particularly by comparison with his father or brother, Zhu Biao is remembered as being soft-hearted. The official History of Ming records him once questioning his father why so many of the ministers and generals who had aided him in forming the Ming Empire were being rewarded with death or banishment. His father replied that they were like thorns on a vine; not trusting Zhu Biao to do it himself, the Hongwu Emperor was kindly removing them before passing it on to his son.

Like his son, the Jianwen Emperor, Zhu Biao had a deep appreciation for traditional Chinese culture: he was involved in a survey of Xi'an and Luoyang as potential capitals for the dynasty when he fell ill and died in 1392 at the age of 36. He was posthumously honored with the title Crown Prince Yiwen (懿文太子) by his father and Xingzong (興宗), Emperor Xiaokang (孝康皇帝) by his son.

After his younger brother Zhu Di usurped the throne, he was posthumously demoted back to Crown Prince Yiwen. During the Southern Ming, he was again posthumously restored as Xingzong and Emperor Xiaokang.

Generation poem
After his first son, Zhu Xiongying, Zhu Biao followed the practice of including a generation name into the personal names of his other children. The names followed a generation poem:

允文、遵祖訓. 欽武、大君勝. 順道、宜逢吉. 師良、善用晟.

This poem would've governed the first character of the personal names of the next 20 emperors of China, but only the first two were officially ever used. After the usurpation of the Prince of Yan, the Jianwen Emperor was said to have died in a fire and his surviving children were killed or kept in isolation to prevent rivals from the throne, and the younger sons of Zhu Biao were also kept under house arrest or killed. But during Republic of China, the politician Wang Pixu (王丕煦) wrote a county chronicle for Laiyang, in which it was recorded that Zhu Yuntong had many descendants there through his son Zhu Wenkun (朱文坤).

Family
Consorts and Issue:
 * Empress Xiaokang, of the Chang clan (孝康皇后 常氏; 1355–1378)
 * Zhu Xiongying, Prince Huai of Yu (虞懷王 朱雄英; 1 December 1374 – 12 June 1382), first son
 * Zhu Yuntong, Prince Dao of Wu (吳悼王 朱允熥; 29 November 1378 – 1 September 1417), third son
 * Crown Princess Yiwen, of the Lü clan (懿文皇太子妃 呂氏; 1359–1412)
 * Zhu Yunwen, the Jianwen Emperor (惠宗 朱允炆; b. 5 December 1377), second son
 * Zhu Yunjian, Prince Min of Heng (衡愍王 朱允熞; 27 July 1385 – 1402), fourth son
 * Zhu Yunxi, Prince Jian of Xu (徐簡王 朱允熙; 13 July 1391 – 3 February 1407), fifth son
 * Unknown
 * Princess Jiangdu (江都郡主), first daughter
 * Married Geng Xuan (耿璿), the first son of Geng Bingwen, in 1394
 * Princess Yilun (宜倫郡主), second daughter
 * Married Yu Li (於禮) in 1417
 * Third daughter
 * Princess Nanping (南平郡主; d. 1412), fourth daughter

title: Zhu Biao


text:
Night soil

Night soil is a historically used euphemism for human excreta collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. This material was removed from the immediate area, usually at night, by workers employed in this trade. Sometimes it could be transported out of towns and sold on as a fertilizer.

Another definition is "untreated excreta transported without water (e.g. via containers or buckets)". Night soil was produced as a result of a sanitation system in areas without sewer systems or septic tanks. In this system of waste management, human feces are collected without dilution in water.

Night soil is largely an outdated term used in historical contexts, while fecal sludge management remains an ongoing challenge, particularly in developing countries.

Collection and disposal
Feces were excreted into a container such as a chamber pot, and sometimes collected in the container with urine and other waste ("slops", hence slopping out). The excrement in the pail was often covered with ashes or earth (soil), which may have contributed to the term "night soil". Often the deposition or excretion occurred within the residence, such as in a shophouse. This system may still be used in isolated rural areas or in urban slums in developing countries. The material was collected for temporary storage and disposed of depending on local custom.

Disposal has varied through time. In urban areas, before deep drainage, a night soil collector usually arrived during the night, hence its name. The vehicle used for collection has been called a night-cart, and its operator a night-man or night-cart man.

In isolated rural areas such as in farms, the householders usually disposed of the night soil themselves.

Uses in agriculture
Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.

The use of unprocessed human feces as fertilizer is a risky practice as it may contain disease-causing pathogens. Nevertheless, in some developing nations it is still widespread. Common parasitic worm infections, such as ascariasis, in these countries are linked to night soil use in agriculture, because the helminth eggs are in feces and can thus be transmitted from one infected person to another person (fecal-oral transmission of disease).

These risks are reduced by proper fecal sludge management, e.g. via composting. The safe reduction of human excreta into compost is possible. Some municipalities create compost from the sewage sludge, but then recommend that it only be used on flower beds, not vegetable gardens.

Ancient Greece
The use of sewage as fertilizer was common in ancient Attica. The sewage system of ancient Athens collected the sewage of the city in a large reservoir and then channelled it to the Cephissus river valley for use as fertilizer.

China, Hong Kong, and Singapore
The term is known, or even infamous, among the generations that were born in parts of China or Chinatowns (depending on the development of the infrastructure) before 1960. Post-World War II Chinatown, Singapore, before the independence of Singapore, utilized night-soil collection as a primary means of waste disposal, especially as much of the infrastructure was damaged and took a long time to rebuild following the Battle of Singapore and subsequent Japanese Occupation of Singapore. Following the development of the economy and the standard of living after independence, the night soil system in Singapore is now an anecdote from the time of colonial rule when new systems developed.

The collection method is generally very manual and heavily relies on close human contact with the waste. During the Nationalist era when the Kuomintang ruled mainland China, as well as Chinatown in Singapore, the night soil collector usually arrived with spare and relatively empty honey buckets to exchange for the full honey buckets. The method of transporting the honey buckets from individual households to collection centers was very similar to delivering water supplies by an unskilled laborer, with the exception that the item being transported was not at all potable and it was being delivered from the household, rather than to the household. The collector would hang full honey buckets onto each end of a pole he carried on his shoulder and then proceeded to carry it through the streets until he reached the collection point.

Chinese has a similar euphemism for night soil collection, 倒夜香 dàoyèxiāng, which literally means "emptying nocturnal fragrance".

Japan
The reuse of feces as fertilizer was common in Japan. In the city of Edo, compost merchants gathered feces to sell to farmers. That was good additional income for apartment owners. Human excreta of rich people were sold at higher prices because their diet was better; presumably, more nutrients remained in their excreta. Various historic documents dating from the 9th century detail the disposal procedures for toilet waste.

Selling human waste products as fertilizers became much less common after World War II, both for sanitary reasons and because of the proliferation of chemical fertilizers, and less than 1% is used for night soil fertilization. The presence of the United States occupying force, by whom the use of human waste as fertilizer was seen as unhygienic and suspect, was also a contributing factor: "the Occupationaires condemned the practice, and tried to prevent their compatriots from eating vegetables and fruit from the local markets".

Mexico and Central America
Various Mesoamerican civilizations used human feces to fertilize their crops. The Aztecs, in particular, are well known for their famous chinampas, artificial islands made of mud and human waste used to grow crops that could be harvested up to seven times a year. Current research has placed the origins of chinampas in an Aztec town of Culhuacan in the year 1100 C.E. They were constructed by first fencing an area between 30 m x 2.5 m and 91 m x 9 m, using wattle. Then filled in with mud, sediment, feces and decaying vegetation. To stabilize the chinampas, trees were often planted on the corners, primarily āhuexōtl (Salix bonplandiana) or āhuēhuētl (Taxodium mucronatum). Chinampas were very common before Spanish conquest and are still found in Mexico today.

United Kingdom

In Britain during the Medieval period, it was not uncommon for human feces to be spread on farms for use as fertilizer.

A gong farmer was the term used in Tudor England for a person employed to remove human excrement from privies and cesspits. Gong farmers were only allowed to work at night and the waste they collected had to be taken outside the city or town boundaries.

The rapid industrialisation of England during the 19th century led to mass urbanisation, over-crowding, and epidemics. One response was the development of the "Rochdale system", in which the town council arranged for the collection of night soil from outhouses attached to each dwelling or group of dwellings (see pail closet). A later response was the passage of the Public Health Act 1875, which led to the creation of byelaws regarding housing, mandating one outhouse per house. These were "earth closets" (not water closets i.e. WCs) and depended on "night soil men" or "nightmen".

Australia
Before reticulated sewerage systems replaced them, major cities in Australia had a nightsoil collection system, with its own special terms. "Nightsoil" was collected from "dunnies" (outhouses/water closets) at the rear of dwellings, often accessed by "dunny lanes" (narrow laneways) by a "dunny man" (a nightsoil collector). Most inner-city areas were connected to the sewer in the early 1900s, but it was not until the 1970s that all suburban areas were sewered. [see Sheppard v Smith [2021] NSWSC 1207 at paragraphs 22 and 29]

India
People responsible for the disposal of night soil were also in India. The tradition widely persists as the law is difficult to enforce. This "manual scavenging" is now illegal in all Indian states.

The Indian government's Union Ministry for Social Justice and Empowerment stated in 2003 that 676,000 people were employed in the manual collection of human waste in India. Social organizations have estimated that up to 1.3 million Indians collect such waste. Further, workers in the collection of human waste were confined to marriage amongst themselves, thereby leading to a waste-collecting caste, which passes its profession on from generation to generation.

Employment of Manual Scavengers and Creation of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act 1993 has made manual scavenging illegal.

Japan
Modern Japan still has areas with ongoing night soil collection and disposal. The Japanese name for the "outhouse within the house" style toilet, where night soil is collected for disposal, is kumitori benjo (汲み取り便所). The proper disposal or recycling of sewage remains an important research area that is highly political.

title: Night soil


text:
User:Nofreak~enwiki

student of 'Environmental & Ressource Management' B.Sc. in Germany

title: User:Nofreak~enwiki


text:
User talk:Blackmail~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in articles will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Lupo 15:50, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Blanking articles is considered vandalism and will get you blocked from editing. Stop it. Lupo 15:51, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Blackmail. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Blackmail~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:40, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:06, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Blackmail~enwiki


text:
Talk:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Untitled
I have bought a few horses from an auction barn in Houston Texas. I know there are some illegal activities surrounding the sale of the horses but I did not find out until after I had gotten the horses home. I discovered the coggins test papers had been switched with other horses. There was one that I bought which had a Louisana coggins test paper. Two or three of the horses were misrepresented severly in order to sell them. I am a police officer and would rather stay on the right side of the law.What do I need to do to get someone to investigate the Cullen Blvd Auction Barn and specifically Mr Les Ray, who is the owner of the sale barn, and his illegal choice of business practices?
 * Not exactly the proper place to address this, but serious nonetheless. Start by contacting the state agriculture department. They will then contact the Federal authorities governing the interstate sale of animals. Bugguyak 23:41, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

You need to contact the Federal vet in TX...AKA the AVIC...Your AVIC is Dr Hillman, this is the number for the TX AVIC number: (512) 719-0700 Falsifying coggins test results is a federal offense.Onewhoknowsabit (talk) 23:26, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20041217132840/http://www.cbp.gov:80/xp/cgov/toolbox/about/history/aqi_history.xml to http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/about/history/aqi_history.xml

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text:
Andrew Weiss (musician)

Andrew Weiss is an American musician, composer, audio engineer and record producer.

Life and career
Born in Chicago, Weiss spent most of his youth growing up in central New Jersey where he later started playing bass with local bands while attending Princeton High School. In 1982 he teamed up with William Tucker (guitar) and high school buddy Sim Cain (drums) to form Regressive Aid, an instrumental new wave band that released a 4-song EP in 1983 and a 6-song LP the following year. Around this time, Weiss began his experimentations with electronic music and recording. This led to a collaboration with his friend Jeff Rusnack, partnersinWonder, and together they founded Bird'o'Pray Records, a cassette only label that featured electronic and alternative music, including the first releases by the New Hope, Pa. duo Ween.

In 1985, Regressive Aid caught the attention of Black Flag founder/guitarist Greg Ginn who then recruited Weiss and Sim to travel to Los Angeles and form Gone, an instrumental punk/jazz power trio. In 1986 Gone recorded 3 albums for SST Records and played over 500 gigs throughout the USA touring in support of Black Flag as well as performing guerrilla type shows in record stores. The end of the year saw the demise of both Gone and Black Flag, at which point Weiss and Sim teamed up with Black Flag vocalist Henry Rollins and Washington DC guitarist Chris Haskett to form the Rollins Band. It was also around this time that Weiss began to further pursue adventures in music production and engineering, enlisting Ween and local NJ act Skunk as guinea pigs. In 1989, he produced and engineered albums for both bands which were subsequently snatched up by the Minneapolis indie label Twin Tone. Soon thereafter, he also produced a duo project with Rollins for Chrysalis Records, dubbed Wartime, on which Weiss wrote, played, and recorded all the music himself while Henry wrote the lyrics and performed the vocals.

From 1987 through 1992, Weiss toured the world and recorded 7 albums with the Rollins Band acting not only as their bassist, but writing much of the music as well. During this period he also produced four albums for Ween, two for Skunk, and participated in 3 tours and 4 albums as bassist and songwriter for the industrial all-star supergroup Pigface. In 1992, Weiss departed the Rollins Band to devote more time to Ween (as their live bassist) and Pigface projects. The years since have found him recording and playing bass with, among others, the Butthole Surfers, Chris Harford and Yoko Ono (with whom he did a world tour in 1996), while continuing his production/engineering work with Ween (six more releases), a collaboration with the premier Japanese band Boredoms (Z-Rock Hawaii), the 'P' album (featuring Johnny Depp, Gibby Haynes, Flea, Steve Jones, & others), Yoko Ono, and Akron/Family.

Weiss has also been a producer and engineer of albums for a number of Central and South American bands including six albums with Babasónicos from Argentina, four with Mexican band Liquits, and the Grammy winning 2003 album from Café Tacvba Cuatro Caminos. In 2000, Weiss started spending time in Haiti recording and performing with Port-au-Prince post-racine band RAM. Around this time he also began composing music for television and film, most notably scoring music for a multitude of shows on the Sundance Channel. Weiss' most recent work was being the bassist with Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine. Weiss is still maintaining his Zion House'o'Flesh studio in New Jersey.

title: Andrew Weiss (musician)


text:
Jaime Bergman

Jaime Bergman Boreanaz (born September 23, 1975) is an American model and actress who was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in January 1999, its 45th Anniversary issue. In addition to her magazine appearance she has appeared in several Playboy videos.

Career
Bergman was the St. Pauli Girl for 1999, the first of the Playmate national spokesmodels for the beer brand. She has also worked as a Prudential real estate agent.

From 2000 to 2002, Bergman played the character of "B. J. Cummings" in the Howard Stern Baywatch spoof, Son of the Beach. In July 2000, she appeared on the cover of Playboy and in a new nude pictorial inside to promote the show.

Personal life
Jaime Bergman was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. She married actor David Boreanaz on November 24, 2001. They have a son, Jaden Rayne (born May 1, 2002), and a daughter, born in August 2009 whose name was later changed to Bella Vita.

In 2010, Boreanaz admitted to having an extramarital affair with Rachel Uchitel, the same woman Tiger Woods was alleged to have an affair with, while he was married. At the time of Boreanaz's affair, Bergman was pregnant with Boreanaz's daughter.

For Valentine's Day 2013, she legally changed her last name to Boreanaz as a gift to her husband and children.

In 2013, Jaime, David, and their friends Melissa and Aaron Ravo started a nail polish line called Chrome Girl. The two wives run the day-to-day operations while their husbands help with the overall business.

Appearances in Playboy Special Editions

 * Playboy's Playmate Review — August 2000, pp. 4–11.
 * Playboy's Playmates in Bed — October 2000, pp. 10–13.
 * Playboy's Wet & Wild — January 2001, pp. 2–3 & 44–45.
 * Playboy's Sexy Celebrities — February 2001, pp. 48–51.
 * Playboy's Nude Playmates — April 2001, pp. 60–63.
 * Playboy's Book of Lingerie — May 2001, pp. 76–79.

title: Jaime Bergman


text:
Chris Haskett

Chris Haskett (born 1962) is an American guitarist. He was a member of the rock band Rollins Band from 1986 to 1997 and again for the band's reunion in 2006. He has also recorded or performed with David Bowie, Foetus, Pigface, The Cassandra Complex, Tool, The Joy Thieves, and others.

Biography
Haskett was born in Washington, D.C. He spent 1976–1977 in the UK where he was greatly inspired by the birth of the UK punk scene. Soon after his return to the US he was recruited into seminal D.C. band The Enzymes. Heavily inspired by such diverse influences as Sun Ra, The Art Ensemble of Chicago, The Damned and Captain Beefheart, the band existed at the fringes of what would eventually turn into Washington, D.C. hardcore. After the appearance of the Bad Brains on the scene, the band became moved to a more conventionally punk and reggae repertoire. The Enzymes recorded a number of sessions but never released any.

In 1982 he moved to Leeds to finish an undergraduate degree in Philosophy. While there he joined Dave Coleman a.k.a. Surfin Dave's surf/trash band. Originally called the Beany T's, the band was rechristened the Absent Legends. The band played a good deal in the UK and released one LP. In Search of a Decent Haircut on Crammed Discs in 1985. The Absent Legends disbanded the following year.

During a return visit to Washington, D.C. in the Summer of 1986, Haskett encountered longtime friend Henry Rollins. The two had been in regular contact since 1984 and often discussed musical collaboration. The serendipitous meeting turned into an improvised plan. Washington, D.C. bassist Bernie Wandel and Absent Legends drummer Mick Green were brought in as rhythm section and the result was the album Hot Animal Machine.

From 1987 to 1997, Haskett was the guitarist in the Rollins Band. The band racked up close to a thousand performances across the globe and were known for a high-intensity blend of raw energy and profound musicianship. In 1994 they were nominated for a Grammy and performed live at the ceremony. This incarnation broke up in 1998 after finishing their tour on the Come In and Burn album. Rollins kept the Rollins Band name with a new lineup of the band. The Rollins/Haskett/Cain/Gibbs lineup reformed briefly for the "As the World Burns" tour with Los Angeles rockers X.

Post-Rollins Band, Haskett has done multiple, mostly low-profile, projects. Throughout the 1990s he played his own instrumental compositions live with various bands. Inspired by both Sonny Sharrock and the Grateful Dead, the instrumentation was usually guitar, bass, and two drummers. 1995 saw his first solo release Language, a mixture of angular, dense, difficult acoustic guitar (some in duet with ex-Birthday Party guitarist Rowland S. Howard) and tape loops inspired by musique concrète. In 1997 he released the CD "Nonfiction" in collaboration with drummer Brandon Finley (of Dog Eat Dog). The CD was a fusion of electric jazz and the go-go music that had been the soundtrack to his Washington, D.C. teen years. 2002 saw the release of "" which showcased a more conventional approach to the electric guitar and allowed his debt to his heroes such as Zappa and Beck to show through. He reunited with Brandon Finley for 2011's Maybe Definitely " (a play on Jeff Beck's title "Definitely Maybe") and another foray into the jazz/go-go territory the two explored on "Nonfiction". In 2014, he released The Courage Born of Conflicting Terrors " in collaboration with Nick Enfield and Mirna Sodre.

Other past projects included collaborations with Reeves Gabrels at the end of the 1990s, the Preaching to the Perverted Tour with Pigface, The Cassandra Complex, Foetus ("Blow tour 2001"). He is also heard on the song "If I'm Dreaming My Life" on the David Bowie album hours....

Now resident in Australia, Haskett continues to record and tour.

Equipment
Haskett was one of the first "indie" guitarists to put Paul Reed Smith guitars in front of large audiences notably on the Rollins Band's 1991 tour on the first Lollapalooza. His customized PRS CE24's, later combined with the original appearance of the Mesa Boogie Dual Rectifier series became a staple of modern rock. More recently, his association with Paul Reed Smith resulted in a unique 9-string custom which has the lower E-A-D strings coursed for a 12-string sound but leaves the high G-B-E strings single to allow easier bends and solos.

title: Chris Haskett


text:
Harmonium (Vanessa Carlton album)

Harmonium is the second album by American pop singer-pianist Vanessa Carlton, released by A&M Records in the US on November 9, 2004. Carlton co-wrote some of the album with Stephan Jenkins, her then-boyfriend and the lead singer of Third Eye Blind, who produced the album. Harmonium debuted outside the top 20 on the US Billboard 200, and sales fell considerably short of those of Carlton's debut album, Be Not Nobody (2002). Its only single in the US, "White Houses", was not a top 40 hit; two other singles, "Private Radio" and "Who's to Say", were released only in Asia. The album wasn't as commercially successful as its predecessor, which Carlton attributed to poor promotion, and led to her departure from A&M Records in mid-2005. She toured through the US during 2004 and '05 in support of the album.

Writing
Carlton and Jenkins met and began a relationship in mid-2002, when she and rock band Third Eye Blind, of which Jenkins is lead singer, were on tour together. After seeing Carlton perform live, Jenkins entered her dressing room and expressed interest in producing her music, and according to Carlton they "decided very quickly, that we had the same vision for the album". By January 2003, Carlton had written ten songs that she intended to include on the album. "You record more, you write more. I never put a stop to my writing process," she said. Recording of the album was originally scheduled to begin with producer Daniel Lanois after the conclusion of Carlton's 2003 European concert tour, which ended in February, and she wanted Jason Falkner and Nigel Godrich to co-produce the album; she said she believed collaborators would enable her to introduce into her music "tastes and sensibilities" to which she wouldn't normally be open. She originally envisioned the album as a "solo girl" version of The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, explaining that it would involve choruses, flutes and trumpets, "and it's just real", she said. She also mentioned her desire "to establish my place with an album that's undeniably me".

Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine suggested that Carlton co-write with Jenkins after Carlton played the album's first five songs for him. Carlton said she felt trepidation about collaborating with Jenkins and that there were "moments when things got intense" between them, but because they had similar intentions for the album and Jenkins "deferred" to and was "sensitive" to her style of piano-playing and the direction in which she wanted to take the album, she "trusted him completely" and called it "a cool collaboration". Carlton credited Jenkins with helping her to withstand and protect herself from pressures the record label executives, who wanted to influence the recording process, placed on her.

Recording
Carlton began recording the album in June 2003 at Morningwood Studios (owned by Jenkins) in San Francisco, before moving to filmmaker George Lucas's Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, California. During recording, Carlton cited Jeff Buckley, PJ Harvey as additional influences on the album: "Sonically I'd like to use the same approach ... If you're going to hear strings, you're going to hear them squeak," she explained. She experimented with sounds reminiscent of the music of The Cure. Before recording began, Carlton and Jenkins conducted a series of "A-B-ing" tests to compare analog tape with Pro Tools (digital). Because they could not tell the difference, they used a mixing board that Carlton said was "similar to what a lot of the old [Led] Zeppelin tracks were mixed on, so basically we were able to get a very warm, easy-to-listen-to mix where it didn't come across as 'icy' sounding". Several instruments were tracked using analog tape, but Pro Tools was used for most of them. According to Carlton, Jenkins was "generous" with his knowledge as a producer and taught Carlton about the recording studio, helping her to "realize the way the song is enveloped is sometimes more important than the song in some ways." Carlton wrote each song with arrangements in mind and played it on the piano for Jenkins, who joined in on drums, and they began devising the arrangements. Recording was completed at The Record Plant in Los Angeles because, as Carlton put it, "When you're in the middle of a bunch of cows, the pace of things tends to slow down." The album, which took a year to record, was mixed at Olympic Studio in London, at Waystation Studio in Beverly Hills, California, and at South Beach Studios in Miami Beach, Florida by mixers including Mark "Spike" Stent and Tom Lord Alge. According to Carlton, her label "wasn't very happy" about the decisions she made during the making of the album.

Jenkins also played instruments and performed programming and mixing work on the album, and he recorded backing vocals with Carlton on several songs, including "She Floats", in which their vocals were edited to make it sound as if a forty-member choir were singing. "White Houses" was the first song Carlton and Jenkins wrote together, and Lindsey Buckingham of the band Fleetwood Mac played acoustic guitar on the track after Jenkins met Buckingham, who was recording in the same building (The Record Plant, Los Angeles), and invited him to listen to the song. Carlton said the process of Buckingham writing and recording the riff "happened very fast, and turned out amazing". Several other guest musicians worked on the album. Pharrell of the production duo The Neptunes, who were working with Good Charlotte, contributed backing vocals to "Who's to Say". Two of the three drummers on the album were Abe Laboriel Jr., who played on Be Not Nobody, and Bryan "Brain" Mantia ("She Floats"), formerly of the band Primus. Third Eye Blind guitarists Tony Fredianelli ("San Francisco") and Arion Salazar also appear, as does former Red Hot Chili Peppers member Jesse Tobias. Carlton said she wanted to record a duet with Fleetwood Mac lead singer Stevie Nicks but never got the chance; they did, however, collaborate on a song on Carlton's third album, Heroes & Thieves (2007). She said "there was nothing calculated about the collaborations [on the album], nothing corporate". A documentary, Pleased to Meet You, highlighted the process of recording the album and is included on an enhanced CD. Carlton said she thought it would "shed a lot of light the direction that I am going in and where I come from", mentioning that its working title was Pleased to Meet You: Vanessa Carlton, the New American Goth.

Composition
Carlton said the album includes darker themes than those present on Be Not Nobody. She said she was past the "diary stage" of songwriting, in which "you're kind of mostly narcissistic and dealing with yourself", and that as one grows up they "start to absorb [the] environment in a different way"; she called the album a reflection of a "different" and "more womanly" perspective of the world, as opposed to the "innocent and girlish" quality of Be Not Nobody. However, she has said that although "things get a bit heavier as you get older", she still has a "lightness of youth" and is "able to be as girlie in ways that I should be." She referred to the album as "bittersweet" rather than "just bitter" and stressed the importance of the lyrics on Harmonium compared to those on Be Not Nobody, which she said was focused more on the music: "I want the lyric to resonate as much as the chord underneath it," she said. She said that instead of an album with "one-two punch songs", she wanted to make an album that engaged people to the point that they want to listen to it repeatedly, and that they would learn something new each time. "[T]hose are the kind of albums I love and that I'll listen to for years and I'll want to listen to every single song on it," she said.

An October 2003 article in Rolling Stone magazine reported that "Private Radio" would likely be the album's lead single, and "San Francisco" the only love song. Carlton was quoted as saying there was "nothing piano recital-y" about the album, which she called "goth ... The Wicca in me has come out ... I've been able to kind of just merge the Wicca and the Eighties chick." This provoked a skeptical response from MetaFilter users, one of whom wrote "this girl needs to buy a clue." Carlton later wrote on her official internet messageboard that the article misrepresented what she was trying to say, and that her fans should ignore what is written in the press about the album until they own it.

"White Houses" describes a young woman coming of age and finding romance, and eventually losing her virginity; "I wanted to write a song that everyone could relate to, about situations that everyone faces." "Annie" is a song Carlton wrote after she met a girl suffering from leukemia while on tour. According to Carlton, "Private Radio" is "a jammin booty rockin' song" about insomnia. She had suffered from the condition for several years, but in October 2004, she said she "sleep[s] like a baby." She said "She Floats" contains "creepy sounding strings" and is about "the kind of the euphoria that someone gets when they're tortured by being dead". She has named "Who's to Say" as "one of the songs on the album I'm most proud of". She dedicated it to "anyone in a relationship that's unapproved of by their mother or government". She said she liked performing the song and that audiences at her shows connected with it. Carlton has named "Afterglow" as a favorite of hers on the album; it is about "letting go anchors of pain". "Papa", a solo vocal-and-piano piece, is not about her own father but a "different kind of daddy". The Fender Rhodes-driven "C'est la Vie" is an "angry" song and the only one on the album not to include the piano, and Carlton has said it is about the single time she was "dumped" and her inability to speak French; she said that to her, the phrase c'est la vie meant "f[uck] it", and that it helped her overcome emotional pain during the breakup. She wrote "San Francisco" in the city. "Half a Week Before the Winter" is a Goth-influenced "dark song" that Carlton intended as a metaphor for Charles Darwin's theory and the concept of "survival of the fittest": "Those beautiful animals [ unicorns] again could be a symbol for so many things, they die and they shouldn't and I think it's also part my take on the music industry and how so many beautiful things that you do get eaten by the Vampires". Carlton stated in one of her concerts that "She Floats" is about a ghost in her closet, the screaming in the song is her and her producer, Stephan Jenkins screaming. "The Wreckage", the album's closing hidden track, is about Carlton's boredom while driving and her desire to start car accidents.

She said "Morning Sting", a song that was dropped from the album, is about "emotions being so raw in the morning". She excluded it from the album because although she did not feel like it was "crappy", she wanted Harmonium to contain a certain number of songs. The album shares its name with a keyboard instrument, the harmonium, but Carlton said she adopted the word and made her own definition for it; she intended it as a portmanteau of the words harmony and pandemonium to define the approach to the recording of the album, which she described as "kind of an organized, chaotic approach where I wanted to maintain and preserve that wild abandon to creating." Carlton considered working with Be Not Nobody producer and A&M Records president Ron Fair on the album but decided not to do so, although Fair is credited as the album's co-executive producer. She said that much of Fair's "own aesthetic [and] tastes" were present in the arrangements of the songs on Be Not Nobody, in contrast to Harmonium, where "the dominant taste and aesthetic is my own". She cited the influence of live performances on Harmonium, as opposed to the "studio gloss" present on Be Not Nobody, in creating a feeling that is "a little bit rougher around the edges and a bit more comfortable in a raw form"; according to her, the tracks on Harmonium feature a lot of breathing space so that listeners don't feel there is "a million things going on... There's nothing going on that shouldn't be", and consequently, it is very "easy on the ears", organic and simple. Ron Fair himself contrasted the two albums, comparing the "more formal" Be Not Nobody to "Carlton in an elegant party dress" and Harmonium to "her in Birkenstocks and jeans". According to Carlton, because she had more knowledge of the process of recording an album and elements such as arrangements, she had more creative control over Harmonium than Be Not Nobody. She called the album "so much more sonically personal to me" and "my taste exactly. It's exactly how I would arrange everything, as opposed to someone coming in and just dressing up the songs that I wrote."

Singles
White Houses served as the album's lead, and only US single. Released on August 30, 2004 the single failed to meet the success her previous singles had. In the US, the single charted on the Billboard Hot 100 at #86, becoming her lowest peaking single to date. It is also her last single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. "White Houses" became the subject of a prank that Ashton Kutcher pulled on Carlton for the MTV television show Punk'd. During Carlton's rehearsal for a scheduled performance on The Tonight Show in November 2004, Kutcher's Punk'd crewmembers (disguised as staff from The Tonight Show) said Carlton needed to change both the bridge of the song and the line "I'm too thin" (in light of the publicity surrounding Mary-Kate Olsen's bout of anorexia nervosa). Upon realization that it was a trick, Carlton told Kutcher, "All I have to say is 'thank the fucking Lord.'" (She performed the original version of the song on The Tonight Show on November 18, 2004, and the Punk'd episode was aired in May 2005.)

The second single from the album was Private Radio. The single, only released in areas in Asia, performed poorly due to lack of promotion. Who's To Say was the third and final single, also released exclusively in Asia. The singles have been recognized mainly as promotional singles, and not official singles released from the album.

Critical reception
Harmonium received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Slant Magazine stated, "From the rollicking piano arpeggios to the classically-influenced melodies, it's impossible not to invoke Tori Amos when discussing Carlton's songwriting, particularly in the last stretch of the album. And where Amos loses herself in abstract loopiness, Carlton often gets caught up in pretty but ambiguous metaphors (see the dreamlike imagery of unicorns and vampires in "Half A Week Before The Winter" and the "dandelions blowing in the wind" of the orchestral "She Floats"). But it just so happens that these are some of the most musically interesting songs on the album, the latter climaxing with a spectacular choir of voices and screams that wouldn't sound out of place on Björk's Medúlla. And while there may not be as many immediate hooks as there were on her debut, she does deliver a bit of pop perfection on the stylish "Afterglow" and the slick "Private Radio," which unleashes one soaring hook after another. It's intelligent ear candy for those who don't mind a sugar rush." Elysa Gardner of USA Today also praised the album, commenting, "Carlton's second CD is that rare coming-of-age project that feels neither corny nor calculated. Enlisting Third Eye Blind frontman Stephan Jenkins as producer and sometime co-writer, the 24-year-old unveils songs that seem sharper and more intimate than those on her debut, yet still retain sweetness. The single, White Houses, and Who's to Say capture the dewy wonder and confusion of young love, while Private Radio and Half a Week Before the Winter reject navel-gazing in favor of a crisply moody intensity. Few artists of Carlton's generation could make growing pains sound this convincing or endearing." Steven Erlewine from Allmusic also gave the album a good review, stating "Carlton's songs often read like diary entries, dealing with familiar adolescent themes as love and longing, and they sound even smaller when delivered in her thin but appealing girlish voice, but they gain stature when married to their cinematic arrangements, driven by her insistent, circular piano and dressed by light layers of strings, guitars, and vocal overdubs. Where her debut, Be Not Nobody, could sound endearingly awkward, Harmonium is confident and somber, a conscious attempt to be serious and mature that nevertheless still sounds adolescent, largely due to her earnest lyrics and overly ambitious music. Carlton seems to equate seriousness with a lack of hooks, either in the music or the production, so there's nothing as immediate or memorable as "A Thousand Miles," which means there's nothing to lead a listener into the world she sketches on the album—only those already won over by the entirety of her debut will have the patience to dig deeply into this insular album. That's not to say that this is a difficult album, or even a challenging one—it's merely a transitional one, with some good ideas and some good songs that don't quite gel as a full record, even if Jenkins gives the album a cohesive sound. Ultimately, Carlton is so intent on being serious, so intent on crafting her songs and sound, that she winds up with an album that's admirable but for its intent, but not its achievement."

However, many critics had mixed feelings about the album. Stylus Magazine reviewed the album, saying "The first half of the record is primarily a happy ordeal. “Annie”, a song about a fan dying of an unnamed disease, even reaches ecstatic moments via its energetic backing track of Carlton's Glassian circular piano loops and verses that reveals that, yes, indeed Stephen Jenkins (Third Eye Blind, boyfriend) is the co-producer of this record. By which it's meant to say that they plod in a very enjoyable way. The clincher of this side of the record, however, is “San Francisco” which sees Carlton revealing that she's attained her “utopia” and that it's a “we’re” instead of “I’m” that's back in the city. Even the saddest moment, musically, on the first side reveals Carlton as finally “free” to do as she pleases, with the “wind at her back”. It's on this second side, where things get interesting, that the major problem with the album begins to cut into the enjoyment of the disc however. Carlton's lyrics, as noted above, tend to veer towards the diary entry style that has come to define many of her contemporaries. Unfortunately, this doesn't help in cases where less is more—as on the aforementioned “Papa” and “The Wreckage”. It's only when Carlton wordlessly moans in “The Wreckage” that the horror of which she speaks comes out. Needless to say, the last verse is an extraneous recapitulation, which could have been better served as a fade-out."

Chart performance
Harmonium debuted at #33 on the US Billboard 200 with 36,000 copies sold in its first week, before falling out of the top 40 in its second. By the end of 2004 it had sold less than 108,000 copies in the US, and it remained on the chart for just seven non-consecutive weeks. According to Nielsen SoundScan in February 2006, the album had sold 179,000 copies, an amount that compared unfavorably with the platinum sales of Carlton's debut album Be Not Nobody, which reached the top five in the US. Explaining Carlton's "predictable plunge" with Harmonium, the New York Daily News indicated the release date was partially responsible for the album's underperformance, and emphasized the low radio play for "White Houses": "Every holiday season, some acts wind up with nothing but a lump of coal... more importantly, radio found no hits on Carlton's sophomore CD". Slant magazine, also attributing the album's low sales to the failure of "White Houses", alleged a lack of promotion by A&M Records: "Whether ["White Houses"] wasn't promoted adequately or audiences just didn't connect with the more mature, narrative style of the song, the label decided to let the album languish on store shelves with little support". The album was released on October 21 in Japan, and peaked at #52 on the Oricon album chart, where Be Not Nobody had reached the top 20; it stayed on the chart for six weeks. In Taiwan, the album debuted at #10 on the international albums chart the same week that "Private Radio", which was released as a single there, reached the top ten on the singles chart.

Promotion
Ron Fair noted that the approach taken to marketing Carlton was different from those for other pop singers such as Lindsay Lohan, Hilary Duff and Ashlee Simpson, who he described as "prominent media and television stars [whose] music is an extension of their overall image", as opposed to Carlton, who he called "a singer/songwriter in the classic sense". He cited the significance of the success of "A Thousand Miles" (2002), Carlton's debut single, in determining how to promote the album. Chris Richards, a Borders Group music buyer, said that a follow-up record from an artist who had a "huge" hit debut single was a "challenge", but that the album "retains the same qualities of the first. She is one of the pure-hearted girls, very squeaky clean and parent-approved". MTV News wrote that because she was no longer grouped with fellow young female singer-songwriter-instrumentalists Avril Lavigne and Michelle Branch, Carlton had a challenge "to balance her artistic credibility with a fanbase built upon TRL appeal." Carlton described herself as alternative to the popular mainstream hip hop and pop artists, such as Jessica Simpson and her sister, Ashlee. According to Ron Fair, a key element in the promotion of the album was radio airplay for "White Houses", which was released to radio in late August 2004. Its airplay slowly increased afterwards, and it did not enter the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 until October, peaking at 86 in early November. In early October, Carlton opened for alternative rock band The Calling on their short tour of Brazil, and a performance she recorded for Sessions@AOL was aired over the Internet. Later that month, Carlton travelled to Japan to promote the album there.

To support the album, Carlton embarked on a North American concert tour, which began on October 21 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and concluded on November 21 in Portland, Oregon; her opening act was pop rock band Low Millions. She said the tour would be "just me and the piano" and "totally stripped down, like an in-your-living room-type of feeling, that type of intimacy." She recorded a cover of the Kai Winding song "Time Is on My Side" (1963) for a Time Warner digital video recorders commercial, which also served as promotion for Harmonium and received heavy rotation on U.S. television during early 2005. The newspaper Metroland wrote, "we tend to think time is most definitely not on her side — how else to explain the near-universal apathy to the release of [Harmonium]?" Harmonium was not re-issued to include the song. Carlton was quoted in a March 2005 interview with Fly Magazine as saying it was "difficult" for someone like her, a singer-songwriter who played the piano, to "reach a lot of people", but that "depending on what happens with the second single, I think it will do really well. I hope the record goes gold and all those things." A second tour, with Cary Brothers and Ari Hest as support acts for many of the shows, ran from March 9 (in Atlanta, Georgia) to April 30 (in Plattsburgh, New York). In April and May 2005, songs from Harmonium were featured on the WB teen soap operas Charmed and One Tree Hill, and Carlton participated in an exclusive performance with Ryan Cabrera.

During summer 2005, Carlton supported rock singer Stevie Nicks on her Gold Dust U.S. tour. Nicks said she was glad to give Carlton the opportunity to perform in front of a large, caring and loving audience, particularly because the poor state of the music industry meant that artists such as her weren't "nurtured ... I really respect her. I'll be damned if I'll let her go by the wayside. She is one of the great ones. She won't quit." In October Carlton embarked on solo dates in the U.S., including one at Dartmouth College, where The Dartmouth wrote that Carlton "sought sympathy not only as the girl suffering in her song but also as the artist disappointed with her apparent lack of popularity." Carlton rejoined Nicks on her ten-date tour of Australia and New Zealand in February and March 2006. Carlton said she was suffering from the lack of promotion the label gave to the album because of her non-conformist attitude, but that she felt she made the right decision with regards to gaining press attention and credibility that she wanted to maintain throughout her career so she could attract loyal fans. "That's really important to me," she said.

Controversies and censorship
MTV censored, and later banned, the single's music video because of a lyric in the song that refers to sexual intercourse. Carlton said it was hypocritical for MTV because "All that is on MTV is sex. They are selling it all the time with sexy hip-hop videos with girls in their bras and panties doing their booty dance. But an eloquent statement about it from a female point of view..." After the conclusion of the Harmonium tour, A&M Records sent Carlton into the recording studio because they didn't feel that there was a potential follow-up single on the album. During her studio time, in which she wrote songs with Linda Perry and The Matrix, she had what she called a "revelation" about leaving the label to find another record deal.

In May, Carlton wrote to her fans on her official website that because "shortsighted (nonmusical bastards)" at the label did not believe the album would sell well if given promotion, there would be no second single released in the US. "[I] worked my ass off promoting Harmonium in the ways that [I] could control, but you can't sell records to someone in the middle of [I]ndiana without a little help," she wrote. By the following month, Carlton had separated from A&M Records. Carlton explained the situation in an interview with Express in 2007:

Actually, I was given an ultimatum – basically like a slap on the wrist, like, "You shouldn't have made Harmonium; you should have done everything we said." Meanwhile, it wasn't supported by them, so of course I was doomed to begin with on that project. They pulled the plug on my record and then said, "See, it didn't work. You have to now reaudition [and] submit your songs as you write them. You have to do everything that we say." So what's the point of having an aesthetic and being an artist if you're just some kind of puppet for a team of people that don't necessarily know their own aesthetic? There was no other choice for me but to leave.

Weeks before the announcement, PopMatters magazine wrote, "One has to wonder how long it will be before we hear the inevitable "the industry ate me up" stories from Vanessa Carlton. Perhaps when this record fails to outsell her debut and A&M drops her?" The Herald & Review said that Carlton "[became] another one of the new millennium's poster children for what happens when music labels are taken over by accountants and artist development is abandoned."

Track listing

 * Standard edition
 * 1) "White Houses" (Vanessa Carlton, Stephan Jenkins) – 3:45
 * 2) "Who's to Say" (Carlton, Jenkins) – 4:51
 * 3) "Annie" (Carlton, Jenkins) – 4:48
 * 4) "San Francisco" (Carlton) – 4:12
 * 5) "Afterglow" (Carlton) – 3:56
 * 6) "Private Radio" (Carlton, Jenkins) – 2:59
 * 7) "Half a Week Before the Winter" (Carlton) – 3:27
 * 8) "C'est La Vie" (Carlton) – 2:34
 * 9) "Papa" (Carlton) – 2:39
 * 10) "She Floats" (Carlton) – 5:00
 * 11) "Where the Streets Have No Name" (Bono, U2) – 5:37 (Bonus track for Japan, UK and 2023 digital rerelease)
 * 12) "The Wreckage" (Carlton) (Hidden track) – 2:17

 * DVD (Japan)
 * 1) Pleased to Meet You – 24:42
 * 2) "White Houses" (Dance rehearsal) – 3:34
 * 3) Duet – 1:24
 * 4) Extended footage – 8:19

Personnel

 * Vanessa Carlton – vocals, backing vocals (tracks 1–4, 8), piano (tracks 1–7, 9–11), keyboards (tracks 3, 7), Fender Rhodes (track 8), choir (track 10)
 * Stephan Jenkins – backing vocals (tracks 1–4, 8), percussion (tracks 1–2, 5), organ, electric guitar (track 4), programming, keyboards (track 6), drums (tracks 7–8, 10), mixing (tracks 9–10), choir (track 10)
 * Mark "Spike" Stent (Olympic Studio, London) – mixing (tracks 1–2, 6)
 * Arion Salazar – bass guitar (tracks 1–6, 8, 10), electric guitar (tracks 1–2, 6)
 * Lindsey Buckingham – acoustic guitar (track 1)
 * Jesse Tobias – electric guitar (tracks 1, 4–6), additional electric guitar (track 2), guitar (track 3, 10), mandolin (track 5)
 * Abe Laboriel Jr. – drums (tracks 1–6)
 * Ron Fair – string arranger and conductor (tracks 1–2, 4–6, 10)
 * Pharrell – backing vocals (track 2)
 * Louis Conte – percussion (track 2)
 * Dave Way (Waystation Studio, Beverly Hills, California) – mixing (track 4)
 * Lior Goldenberg – mixing assistant (track 4)
 * Tony Fredianelli – electric guitar (track 4)
 * Tom Lord Alge (South Beach Studios, Miami Beach, Florida) – mixing (tracks 5, 7)
 * Fernio Hernandez – mixing assistant (tracks 5, 7)
 * Sean Beresford – programming (track 6), mixing (track 11)
 * Jerry Hey – trumpet (track 7)
 * Gayle Levant – harp (track 7)
 * Jason Carmer – mixing (track 8)
 * Jun Ishizeki – mixing (tracks 9–10)
 * Brain – drums (track 10)
 * Endre Granat, Bruce Dukov, Natalie Leggett, Charlie Bisharat, Jackie Brand, Julie Gigante, Robin Olson, Mario DeLeon, Alan Grunfeld, Josefina Vergara, Roberto Cani, Phillip Levy, Songa Lee, Sara Parkins, Lily Ho Chen, Sid Page, Tammy Hatwan, Armen Garabedian, Sarah Thornblade, Berj Garabedian, Anatoly Rosinsky, Eun-Mee Ahn, Tiffany Hue, Joel Derouin, Franklyn D'Antonio – violin
 * Brian Dembow, Simon Oswell, Vicki Miskolczy, Marlow Fisher, Sam Formicola, Danny Seidenberg, Matt Funes, Roland Kato, Kazi Pitelka – viola
 * Steve Erdody, David Low, Cecilia Tsan, Larry Corbett, Suzie Katayama, Armen Ksajikian – cello
 * Nico Abondolo, Mike Valerio, Oscar Hidalgo – additional bass
 * Gerry Rotella – flute
 * Tom Boyd – oboe
 * Emily Bernstein – clarinet

 * Producer: Stephan Jenkins
 * Executive producers: Vanessa Carlton, Ron Fair
 * Engineer: Sean Beresford
 * Additional engineering: Jun Ishizeki, Lior Goldenberg, Tony Espinoza
 * Strings recording: Frank Wolf, Tal Herzberg
 * A&R: Ron Fair
 * Assistant engineers: Judy Kirschner, Dann Thompson (Skywalker Sound); Jun Ishizeki (The Record Plant); Scott Brannan (Mourningwood Studio)
 * Art direction: Vanessa Carlton, Drew FitzGerald
 * Illustrations: Drew FitzGerald
 * Font designer: Vanessa Carlton
 * Hair: Sarra 'Na
 * Makeup: Heather Currie
 * Styling: Arianna Tunney, Alyssa Leal
 * Photography: Sheryl Nields
 * Management: Arthur Spivak, Stuart Sobol, Deborah Klein
 * Legal representation: Tim Mandelbaum

title: Harmonium (Vanessa Carlton album)


text:
Manciano

Manciano is a town and comune in the southern part of the province of Grosseto, Tuscany, central Italy. It has a population of about 7,200.

Manciano is 18 km southwest of Pitigliano and 40 km northeast of Orbetello.

History
Manciano was once a fairly important market town for the area of the Albegna and Fiora valleys, with a stronghold already recorded in the twelfth century. A brief occupation by Siena (1419–55) left the town an imposing fortress built around 1424.

Frazioni
The municipality is formed by the municipal seat of Manciano and the villages (frazioni) of:
 * Marsiliana
 * Montemerano
 * Poderi di Montemerano
 * Poggio Capanne
 * Poggio Murella
 * San Martino sul Fiora
 * Saturnia.

Main sights
The most important site in the comune is Saturnia, an old Etruscan town with medieval walls, remains of a Roman road, and best known for its thermal springs dating to the Roman period and still in use today. The comune is further known to students of Late Antiquity as the place where the famous silver platter of Ardabur Aspar, consul in 434, was found (in the Fosso Castione, a creek near Marsiliana).

The densely built town centre of the frazione Montemerano, crowned by its leaning tower of San Lorenzo, is contained within its ancient walls. Montemerano became a power center of the signori dei Baschi, who dominated the comune. The thirteenth-century church is dedicated to San Lorenzo; frescoes remain on its walls, and a polyptych by the Sienese painter Sano di Pietro. At a short distance, in open countryside, there is the church of Madonna del Castuzzo.

title: Manciano


text:
Jil Sander

Heidemarie Jiline "Jil" Sander (b. 27 November 1943) is a German minimalist fashion designer and the founder of the Jil Sander fashion house.

Early life and education
Heidemarie Jiline Sander was born in Wesselburen, Germany on 27 November 1943.

Sander studied at Krefeld School of Textiles (class of 1963) and was a foreign exchange student at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1963 to 1964. After her stint in UCLA, she moved on to New York as a magazine fashion writer. At age 21, she came back to Hamburg to join her younger and older siblings after their father died unexpectedly at the age of 52.

Jil Sander fashion house

Sander founded her own fashion house Jil Sander in Rotherbaum, Hamburg, Germany in 1968 with her mother's sewing machine. Her first collection was for Hoechst, a chemical company, using their trevira fabric. In 1973, she launched a collection under her own brand name.

She overcame a poorly received first Jil Sander Paris collection shown at the Plaza Athénée in 1975 and listed her company on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange at the end of the 1980s. She subsequently flourished through the 1980s and 1990s, and soon achieved an international following, thanks to retailers like Linda Dresner, who for a time had a Sander boutique on New York's Park Avenue, and Joan Burstein of Browns in London. In 1995, the Jil Sander group reported $114 million in sales.

Prada
In 1999, Prada Group bought a 75% share in her company. Sander remained creative designer and became chairwoman in the new joint venture. Six months later, in January 2000, Sander unexpectedly resigned abruptly as chairwoman and shortly thereafter as chief designer after confrontations with Prada's CEO, Patrizio Bertelli. Nearly all the design and production staff left after her departure. For 2001, the Jil Sander Group reported a net loss of $9.4 million, its first ever. The brand lost 26 million euros (about $30.4 million) in 2002 on flat sales, in part because of the costs of adding retail stores in London and in New York.

Sander returned to the company as head designer and partner in a surprise decision in May 2003, after her noncompete clause had expired. Officially, Bertelli "approached Ms. Sander and began negotiating a truce". Bertelli had, with regard to Sander's departure in 2000, boldly stated before: "A brand as strong as Jil Sander doesn't need to rely on the name of a designer". She was rehired under a six-year consulting contract and also received an undisclosed stake in the company and a seat on Prada's strategic committee.

In November 2004, Sander terminated cooperation with Prada for good and resigned from her post again after insurmountable differences with Mr. Bertelli. Prada announced in an official statement that "the decision by Patrizio Bertelli [...] and Ms. Sander to end her involvement in the company was amicable." She withdrew from her involvement in her namesake brand. She continued her contributions and work at Uniqlo. The white stucco building in Hamburg that was once the Jil Sander showroom was re-proportioned by the New York architect Michael Gabellini. She returned to her brand in February 2012, only days after the then creative director, Raf Simons, was released from his position. Sander left the brand again in October 2013.

Uniqlo
On 17 March 2009, Sander announced the creation of her own fashion consultancy. The new company's first client was Fast Retailing of Japan with its Uniqlo label for whom Sander oversaw the design of womenswear and menswear collections called +J. The first collection for the 200910 autumn–winter season was launched worldwide on 1 October 2009 consisting of "about 40 pieces for men and 100 for women, including coats, jackets, knitwear, T-shirts and accessories" featuring the Minimalist aesthetic and demure colors typical of Jil Sander.

The second line of +J designed for spring and summer wear, was launched on 23 December 2009 throughout Asia including Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and China and on 7 January 2010 in the London stores. It is to be launched in Uniqlo's sole US store in New York city on 14 January 2010. This collection will see more retail drops during the Spring and Summer seasons. Following a successful run of three years, Sander and Uniqlo's parent company, Fast Retailing, announced that the partnership agreement will not be renewed at the end of 2011, thus marking the end of +J. The last collection from the collaborative label was for the Fall/Winter 2011 season. The split between the parties is said to have been mutual.

+J returned to Uniqlo's store shelves and online shop for a Fall/Winter 2014 and Spring/Summer 2015 "best of" collection, featuring selected previously designed pieces by the partnership.

Jil Sander worked with Uniqlo again in the 2020 autumn–winter season with collections for men and women.

In 2021 the control of the Jil Sanders brand passes to the Italian fashion holding OTB Group.

Recognition
Sander was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz by the Federal Republic of Germany for her achievements in the fashion industry.

She was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013. Sander has been described as the "Queen of Less".

title: Jil Sander


text:
Lagerfeld

Lagerfeld is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Cardinal Lagerfield, a character in the video game Resonance of Fate
 * Karl Lagerfeld (1933–2019), German fashion designer, artist and photographer
 * Otto Lagerfeld (1881–1967), German businessman
 * Steven Lagerfeld, editor of The Wilson Quarterly

title: Lagerfeld


text:
Gaultier

Gaultier may refer to:

People

 * Grégory Gaultier (born 1982), French squash player
 * Bon Gaultier, British writer
 * Denis Gaultier (1597 or 1602/3–1672), French lutenist and composer
 * Ennemond Gaultier (c.1575–1651), French lutenist and composer
 * Jacques Gaultier (c.1600–1652), French lutenist
 * Jean-Jacques Gaultier (born 1963), member of the National Assembly of France
 * Jean Paul Gaultier (born 1952), French fashion designer
 * Jules de Gaultier (1858–1942), French philosopher
 * Pierre Gaultier (c. 1599–1681), French scholar, lutenist and composer
 * Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (1685–1749), French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer
 * Walter of Pontoise (c.1030–c.1099), French saint, also known as Gaultier
 * Léon Gaultier (1915–1997), French collaborator
 * Léonard Gaultier (1561–1641), French engraver

Other uses

 * Gaultier (barony), a barony in County Waterford, Republic of Ireland
 * Gaultier GAA, a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Dunmore East, County Waterford, Ireland

title: Gaultier


text: User talk:81.152.102.48

title: User talk:81.152.102.48


text:
Art (play)

'Art' is a French-language play by Yasmina Reza that premiered in 1994 at Comédie des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The play subsequently ran in London in 1996 and on Broadway in 1998.

Productions
The play premiered on 28 October 1994 at the Comédie des Champs-Élysées in Paris. Directed by Patrice Kerbrat, it starred Pierre Vaneck, Fabrice Luchini and Pierre Arditi. From 1997-98, Vaneck was joined by Jean-Louis Trintignant and Jean Rochefort.

The English-language adaptation, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Matthew Warchus, opened in London's West End on 15 October 1996 at Wyndham's Theatre (moving to the Whitehall Theatre in October 2001). The play initially starred Albert Finney, Tom Courtenay and Ken Stott; other actors who appeared during the run included Henry Goodman, Roger Allam, Stacey Keach, George Wendt, David Dukes, Paul Freeman, Edward Woodward, Peter Egan, Art Malik, John Fortune, Ken Campbell, Warren Mitchell, Nigel Havers, Roger Lloyd-Pack and Barry Foster. Produced by David Pugh and Sean Connery, the show ran for over six years, closing on 3 January 2003. The final West End cast comprised Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and Mark Gatiss (aka The League of Gentlemen).

Art played on Broadway at New York City's Royale Theatre from 12 February 1998 to 8 August 1999, again directed by Warchus and produced by Pugh and Connery, plus Joan Cullman. The original cast featured Alan Alda, Victor Garber and Alfred Molina; the latter was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play. Art won the Tony for Best Play and ran for 600 performances. Among the actors who took over in the production were Brian Cox, Henry Goodman, David Haig, Buck Henry, Judd Hirsch, John DeLancie, Joe Morton, Wayne Knight, George Segal and George Wendt.

From December 2016 to February 2017, the play, directed once again by Matthew Warchus, was revived at London's Old Vic theatre in order to celebrate its 20th anniversary, starring Rufus Sewell, Tim Key and Paul Ritter. It then toured the UK from February 2018, starring Nigel Havers, Denis Lawson and Stephen Tompkinson.

In May 2024, Rialto Productions staged the play as part of the Brighton Fringe Festival, receiving a 'Must See' rating.

Overview
The comedy, which raises questions about art and friendship, concerns three long-time friends, Serge, Marc, and Yvan. Serge, indulging his penchant for modern art, buys a large, expensive, completely white painting. Marc is horrified, and their relationship suffers considerable strain as a result of their differing opinions about what constitutes "art". Yvan, caught in the middle of the conflict, tries to please and mollify both of them.

The play is not divided into acts and scenes in the traditional manner, but it does nevertheless fall into sections (numbered 1–17 by Pigeat). Some of these are dialogues between two characters, several are monologues where one of the characters addresses the audience directly, and one is a conversation among all three. At the beginning and end of the play, and for most of the scenes set in Serge's flat, the large white painting is on prominent display.

Plot

Set in Paris, the play revolves around three friends—Serge, Marc and Yvan—who find their previously solid 15-year friendship on shaky ground when Serge buys an expensive painting. The canvas is white, with several fine white lines.

Marc, appalled to hear that Serge had paid two hundred thousand francs, scornfully describes it as "a piece of white shit". Serge argues that the painting, created by a reputable artist, is worth its hefty price, but Marc remains unconvinced.

Serge and Marc confide in Yvan about their disagreement. Yvan, who is engaged but conflicted over his forthcoming wedding, remains neutral and attempts to smooth things over. To Serge, Yvan comments politely on the painting but admits that he does not grasp the essence of it. To Marc, Yvan laughs at the painting's price but suggests that the work is not quite meaningless. Yvan's vacillations only fuel the disagreement as his friends criticize his timid neutrality.

Several nights later the three meet for dinner, and an all-out argument rapidly develops with each using the painting as an excuse to criticise the others over perceived failures. Marc attacks Yvan for never expressing any substantial opinions, and for being an "arse-licker" in the ongoing conflict between his fiancée, his in-laws, and his mother. Marc and Serge argue that Yvan should call off the marriage, to which Yvan responds with lame excuses. Serge criticizes Marc's unwillingness to accept that his friends’ opinions differ from his own; and he reveals that he has for some time despised Marc's girlfriend.

Marc finally admits that his true resentment is not the painting itself but the uncharacteristic independence of thought that the purchase reveals in Serge. He recalls that Serge used to share his own views on arts and culture, and he feels abandoned now that Serge has developed his own, modern taste. Marc says that friends must always influence each other, but Serge finds that view to be possessive and controlling. Yvan, at last defending himself, sobbingly explains that he tries to be tolerant and agreeable because he values companionship over dominance: their friendship is his only sanctuary in his burdensome life.

After Yvan's outburst, the friends calm down. The argument wordlessly settles as Serge allows Marc to deface the painting using a blue felt-tip pen. Marc draws a person skiing along one of the white lines on the painting. Serge and Marc agree to attempt to rebuild their friendship, and they begin by washing the pen marks off the painting. Marc asks Serge whether he had known that the ink was washable; Serge replies that he had not. But he had indeed known that, and feels troubled about his lie. Marc concludes by describing his own interpretation of the painting: it is of a man who moves across the canvas and disappears.

Awards

 * April 1995 Molière Award for Best Commercial Production
 * 1997 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy
 * May 1998 New York Drama Critics' Circle – Best Play
 * 1998 Tony Award for Best Play
 * 1998 Drama Desk Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play (Molina)
 * November 1998 Evening Standard Award for Best Comedy

Nominations

 * 1997 Olivier Award for Best Actor, Ken Stott
 * 1997 Olivier Award for Best Director (Warchus)
 * 1997 Olivier Award Best for Set Designer (Mark Thompson)
 * 1997 Olivier Award for Best Lighting Designer (Hugh Vanstone)
 * 1998 Tony Award Best Actor in Play (Molina)
 * 1998 Tony Award Best Direction of a Play (Warchus)
 * 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding New Play

title: Art (play)


text:
Papilla

Papilla (Latin, 'nipple') or papillae may refer to:

In animals

 * Papilla (fish anatomy), in the mouth of fish
 * Basilar papilla, a sensory organ of lizards, amphibians and fish
 * Dental papilla, in a developing tooth
 * Dermal papillae, part of the skin structure
 * Major duodenal papilla, in the duodenum
 * Minor duodenal papilla, in the duodenum
 * Genital papilla, a feature of the external genitalia of some animals
 * Mammary papilla or nipple, a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast
 * Interdental papilla, part of the gums
 * Lacrimal papilla, on the bottom eyelid
 * Lingual papillae, small structures on the upper surface of the tongue
 * Renal papilla, part of the kidney
 * Tumor papilla, consisting of tumor cells surrounding a fibrovascular core

In plants and fungi

 * Papilla (mycology), a nipple-shaped protrusion in the center of the cap
 * Stigmatic papilla, part of the stigma (botany)

title: Papilla


text:
George R. Stewart

George Rippey Stewart Jr. (May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American historian, toponymist, novelist, and a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley. His 1959 book, Pickett's Charge, a detailed history of the final attack at the Battle of Gettysburg, was termed "essential for an understanding of the Battle of Gettysburg". His 1949 post-apocalyptic novel Earth Abides won the first International Fantasy Award in 1951.

Early life and university career
Stewart was born in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, to engineer George Rippey Stewart Sr., who designed gasworks and electric railways and later became a citrus "rancher" in Southern California, and Ella Wilson Stewart. The younger Stewart earned a bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1917, an MA from the University of California, Berkeley, and his Ph.D. in English literature from Columbia University in 1922. He accepted a job with the English department at Berkeley in 1923. After his father died, he stopped using the "Jr." with his name.

Stewart was a founding member of the American Name Society in 1956–57. He once served as an expert witness in a murder trial as a specialist in family names. His best-known academic work is Names On The Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States (1945; reprinted, New York Review Books, 2008). He wrote three other books on names: A Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names (1970), Names On The Globe (1975), and American Given Names (1979). His scholarly works concerning the poetic meter of ballads (published using the name George R. Stewart, Jr.), beginning with his 1922 Ph.D. dissertation at Columbia, remain important.

Works
As an author, Stewart's output was at once diverse, original, and important. Ordeal by Hunger, Pickett's Charge, and other works are examinations of American history, but are unusual for their concern with the interaction of human beings with their physical and social environments.

His greatest achievement as a novelist, Earth Abides, has somewhat the same perspective, but in the context of a destruction of civilization, in which everything formerly taken for granted about civilization and the situation of human beings in their environment can no longer be assumed. This radically altered circumstance permitted Stewart to examine issues rarely examined by other novelists.

East Of Giants is historical fiction. Man, An Autobiography is one of the very few works of speculative anthropology, in which he attempts to deduce how major developments of prehistorical civilization must have happened, and also offers a wealth of original and interesting insights into the character of early civilization. Good Lives provides a series of biographical sketches with the purpose of determining what it is that makes for a good life, having much in common with, say, Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Not So Rich As You Think (1968) was a prescient early essay in environmentalism (Rachel Carson's Silent Spring had been published only a few years earlier, in 1962, and had a more specific emphasis).

Storm (1941) uses an immense storm as its protagonist, an extraordinary departure in itself, and again describes the consequences for human beings of this large-scale environmental disruption. Other works, such as Names On The Land and American Ways of Life offer other unique insights.

Years of the City is flawed somewhat by relatively poor characterization, but is among his most ambitious books thematically, as it is concerned with the factors that result in the development and decay of civilizations – a topic only someone as well-versed in history as Stewart could discuss successfully. A number of trends in contemporary America can be recognized as being among those resulting in decay. Indeed, in a sense, The Years of the City is even more prescient than, say, Orwell's 1984.

Considered together, this body of work addresses topics found elsewhere mainly in authors like Arnold J. Toynbee, Ariel Durant, and Carroll Quigley, but in a more accessible form. Achievements of this nature might have earned Stewart a lasting reputation as one of America's greatest writers and men of letters. However, his work was not known well during his lifetime, and is now almost forgotten. Earth Abides was re-issued in 2020 with an introduction by Kim Stanley Robinson.

He is known presently primarily for his only science fiction novel Earth Abides (1949), a post-apocalyptic novel, for which he won the inaugural International Fantasy Award for fiction in 1951. It was dramatized by the radio program Escape and served as an inspiration for Stephen King's The Stand, as King has stated. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction terms it "one of the finest of all Post-Holocaust/Ruined Earth novels".

His 1941 novel Storm, featuring as its protagonist a Pacific storm named "Maria," which inspired Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe to write the song "They Call the Wind Maria" for their 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon.

Storm was dramatized as A Storm Called Maria on the November 2, 1959, episode of ABC's anthology television series Walt Disney Presents. Co-produced by Ken Nelson Productions, it blended newsreel footage of several different storms to represent the mega-storm of the novel and traced the storm from its origins in Japan to the coast of California. The cast included non-actors, among them the dam superintendent George Kritsky, the telephone lineman Walt Bowen, and the highway superintendent Leo Quinn.

Another novel, Fire (1948), and a historical work, Ordeal By Hunger (1936), also evoked environmental catastrophes.

Audio

 * OTR Network Library: Escape: "Earth Abides", parts one and two
 * Two short radio episodes from Storm (1941): "Valley Rain" and "Final Success". California Legacy Project.

title: George R. Stewart


text: User talk:162.78.70.217

title: User talk:162.78.70.217


text:
User talk:Atterlep

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
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 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
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 * Village pump
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 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 16:05, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Atterlep


text: User talk:Moogle10000

title: User talk:Moogle10000


text:
File:Hayseed Dixie - A Hillbilly Tribute to AC-DC.jpg

Summary
Cover for the album "A Hillbilly Tribute to AC/DC" by Hayseed Dixie


text:
Craig Cash

Craig Cash (born 11 September 1960) is an English comedian, actor, voice actor, director and BAFTA award-winning writer and producer. His best known works are in the television shows The Royle Family, The Fast Show, The Mrs Merton Show, Early Doors, Sunshine and most recently The Café, Rovers and After Hours. Cash took over from his Royle Family co-star Caroline Aherne as the narrator of Channel 4's Gogglebox after her death in 2016.

Cash won two BAFTA Television awards for his work on The Royle Family.

Career
Cash's father worked as a joiner and he grew up in Stockport. He rose to prominence in the late 1980s/early 1990s as a music radio DJ on south Manchester station KFM, where he worked with Caroline Aherne who had previously developed an Irish nun character, Sister Mary Immaculate. During this period he was also the manager of the band That Uncertain Feeling. In 1999 Cash performed uncredited duties as script editor on That Peter Kay Thing, a fact only revealed in 2004 when he moderated the DVD commentary.

As an actor Cash is best known for playing slightly dim-witted and affable working class northern men, particularly Dave Best in the BBC sitcom The Royle Family, which he co-wrote with Caroline Aherne.

He has also written for The Fast Show and for Aherne on The Mrs Merton Show. With Phil Mealey he wrote the BBC sitcom Early Doors. They went on to write the drama Sunshine, filmed in Marple, and first broadcast on BBC One in 2008. They founded the independent production company Jelly Legs, which produced later The Royle Family specials, "The New Sofa" and "The Golden Egg Cup", as well as Sunshine.

In 2011 Cash directed all six episodes of The Café, a show written by and starring his Royle Family co-star Ralf Little. From November 2013, Cash narrated the Channel 4 reality show Gogglebox when regular narrator Caroline Aherne was unavailable, and took on the role permanently when Aherne died in July 2016. In 2015 he directed and executive produced the Sky 1 comedy-drama After Hours, starring Jaime Winstone and Ardal O'Hanlon and written by John Osborne and Molly Naylor.

From 2013 to 2017, Cash narrated adverts for sofa company Sofaworks (and its successor Sofology) which featured a three-toed sloth named Neal.

Cash won two BAFTA Television Awards for Best Situation Comedy his work on the Royle Family in 2000 and 2007.

Personal life
Cash currently lives in Mellor, Greater Manchester. He is married to Stephanie Davies and the couple have two sons, Harry and Billy, who appeared in the episode of The Royle Family entitled "The Queen of Sheba". He is a lifelong supporter of Manchester City but also follows Stockport County.

title: Craig Cash


text:
Talk:Give-away shop

Translations
Hi. I'd like to see some more translations of "give-away shop". Could you please add them to Wiktionary? Thanks. G-u-a-k-@ 16:14, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Buchman quote
Isn't the quote "There is enough in the world for everyone's need, but not enough for everyone's greed." by Frank Buchman, from Remaking the World? shinyblue 16:27, 5 Nov 2004 (PST)

Finance
I'm not familiar with the Low Countries variant discussed here. How are these shops financed? If they are run as charities, how do the differ from charity shops? If run as for-profit enterprises, what is their source of profit? The article IMHO needs to explain this. --Tkinias 23:20, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * There is no profit! And yes, the article should explain this. The shops are ran by volunteers... G-u-a-k-@ 01:21, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Craigslist ref
Reference to the online website for giving away free stuff (craigs list) might be a good idea.
 * That could be nice yes. Guaka 13:39, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Merge with Free store, anarchism template
I merged this article with free store. I hope someone else can finish the merging a bit more.

I'm not sure about the template though. I feel inclined to remove it, but I first want to know what you think about that. Guaka 13:39, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the Anarchism part should be removed. People use Freecycle for example, but they are not anarchists. Having an anarchist label would tend to put people off starting or using them. 80.3.40.110 13:45, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

I also agree that the anarchist sidebar should be removed(DrakeLuvenstein (talk) 17:31, 11 October 2008 (UTC))

The sidebar doesn't mean "this topic is owned by anarchists", but rather "if you liked this article, you may be interested in...". I don't have any strong objection to its removal, but you might consider the less obtrusive footer anarchism instead of anarchism sidebar. the skomorokh 17:37, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Does anyone else feel that this article should be named FreeStore, not give-away shop. I have been working at a freestore for the past 4 years, and it was always called the freestore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.103.175.171 (talk) 02:03, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

Leiden not first free shop
i removed this sentence: because its uncited and not true - who can say when the first free shop was? i know there were freeshops in the 1980s in the netherlands, at the very least Mujinga (talk) 20:04, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The first give-away shop was opened in Leiden (Netherlands), by members of the anarchist Eurodusnie Collective.
 * Free shops have been around since the 1960s at least; see Diggers. -Etoile ✩ (talk) 04:58, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Dubious tag
There is no single anarchist movement, and it is quite unclear which anarchist movement this concept is alleged to have originated from. Indeed, the concept given is strongly disagree with by mainstream American anarchism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.162.35.80 (talk) 02:29, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree with you that there is no single anarchist movement, and identifying which one originated the free shop concept would be impossible. However, I disagree that it is "disagreed with" by "mainstream" American anarchism (which is who, exactly?), as the Diggers were a community anarchist group that opened multiple free shops in the 1960s in Haight-Ashbury. -Etoile ✩ (talk) 05:00, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Give-away shop


text:
Armilustrium

In ancient Roman religion, the Armilustrium was a festival in honor of Mars, the god of war, celebrated on October 19. On this day the weapons of the soldiers were ritually purified and stored for winter. The army would be assembled and reviewed in the Circus Maximus, garlanded with flowers. The trumpets (tubae) would be played as part of the purification rites. The Romans gathered with their arms and armour on the Aventine Hill, and held a procession with torches and sacrificial animals. The dancing priests of Mars known as the Salii may also have taken part in the ceremony.

Festivals associated with Mars were mainly held in March, Latin Martius, the month that was named after him, and in October, to begin and end the military campaigning season. These festivals were the Equirria, the sacral chariot races held on February 27 and March 14, and on October 15 with the sacrifice of the October Horse; the Agonium Martiale on March 17; the Quinquatrus, another ritual for purifying weapons before the military campaigning season, on March 19; and following the Armilustrium, the Tubilustrium, "Purification of the Trumpets," on October 23.

Armilustrium also refers to a large open space on the Aventine Hill where the festival was held.

title: Armilustrium