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Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel (Irish: An Spáinnéar Uisce) is a breed of dog that is the tallest of the spaniels.

Appearance
The Irish Water Spaniel is a sturdy, cobby dog native to Ireland. The coat, consisting of dense curls, sheds very little. (see Moult) The colour is liver/puce and has a very definite purple hue unlike the colour of any other known breed. The non-shedding characteristic of the coat means that people usually allergic to dogs might have less of an allergic reaction to Irish Water Spaniels (see hypoallergenic).

IWS have several distinguishing characteristics which place them among the more recognizable of all breeds: The topknot of long, loose curls growing down from the head which often covers the eyes; a "beard" growing at the back of the throat often accompanied by "sideburns"; and a curled, liver ("puce")-coloured coat. The most distinguishing characteristic of these dogs is the smooth "rat tail", completely free of long coat except at the base where it is covered for 2–3 inches with curls. The face is entirely smooth-coated and, unlike the poodle, should require little or no trimming to stay that way. An IWS is ruggedly built with webbed feet to aid in its powerful swimming. Altogether, the IWS presents a picture of a smart, upstanding, strongly built but not leggy dog, combining great intelligence and rugged endurance with a bold, dashing eagerness of temperament.

They are the largest of the Spaniel group. Dogs range in height from 22 to 24 inches (56–61 cm), and weigh 55 to 65 pounds (25–30 kg). As their name would imply these dogs love water.

Temperament
Like most dogs of the American Kennel Club Sporting group, the Irish Water Spaniel is essentially an active, willing and energetic companion. Because it has been bred from stock used to fetch game and return it to hand without a fuss, it has the natural instinct of wanting to please. Its keen sense of working as a team makes it a relatively easy dog to train and discipline. Because of its great intelligence and quizzical nature, it has the reputation of being the clown of the spaniel family and will do ordinary things in extraordinary ways to achieve that which is asked of it. Some individual dogs can be very wary of strangers and not every IWS can be trusted to get along with other pets. Early socialisation and training is a must.

History
The modern breed as we know it was developed in Ireland in the 1830s. It is not known from which other breeds Irish Water Spaniels were developed. The acknowledged father of the breed, Justin McCarthy from Dublin, left no breeding records. All manner of dogs have been suggested including: the Poodle, Portuguese Water Dog, Barbet, generic old water dog, the now-extinct English Water Spaniel as well as the Northern and Southern Water Spaniels, but whether Irish Water Spaniels are antecedents, descendants, or mixtures of these other breeds is a matter of some speculation. It is believed in Irish folklore to be the descendant of the Dobhar-chú.

Suitability as a pet
Irish Water Spaniels may make good family dogs, as they are usually excellent with respectful children and with other pets. They can make good guard dogs if they have been trained to do so, and will protect their human families. Not usually an aggressive dog, yet the IWS may have a deep, fierce-sounding bark.

All Irish Water Spaniels require a grooming regimen that includes maintaining healthy ears, teeth and nails. The tight double coat of the IWS sheds slightly, however many allergy sufferers have found them to be a comfortable pet with which to live. The texture of the hair prevents the coat from becoming tightly woven into fabric and upholstery and any stray hairs are easily removed as they will gather together to form "dust bunnies". The coat can be maintained by even the novice owner if a regular effort is maintained to keep it clean and free of mats. A thorough combing to the skin should take place every 1–2 weeks to promote healthy skin and to remove any objects from the coat. Scissoring will be required every 6–8 weeks to neaten and shape the coat while regular exposure to water will promote the correct "ringlets" over the body coat.

Although happy to curl up and sleep at home, regular walks and exercise are essential for a healthy, contented water spaniel. An unexercised IWS may mean a naughty, mischievous IWS. An ideal home though would be a working environment, where the dogs' minds as well as bodies are exercised. Many IWS owners work their dogs in the shooting field, in obedience tests, in agility competitions, or in the conformation show ring.

Activities
The IWS is a versatile breed and is found in all types of canine events including:
 * Championship
 * Junior Showmanship
 * Companion events
 * Obedience trial
 * Rally obedience
 * Dog agility
 * Tracking trial
 * Fly ball
 * Performance and other dog sports
 * Hunt tests
 * Field trial
 * Upland hunting
 * Dock jumping
 * Scent work / nose work

Irish Water Spaniel Club of Ireland
The Irish Water Spaniel Club of Ireland is one of the oldest dog clubs in the world, supporting and promoting one of the most distinguished and oldest breed of dog in the world. The club is registered with the Irish Kennel Club.

Irish Water Spaniel Club of America
The IWSCA is the AKC parent club for the IWS. The club exists to preserve and protect this rare breed. The Club helps educate owners and breeders and welcomes all members who share our love of this extraordinary, versatile dog. The IWSCA's commitment to the health of the Irish Water Spaniel is reflected in its endorsement of transparency in health findings in accordance with organisations such as Orthopedic Foundation of America (OFA), Canine Health Information Center (CHIC), Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF) and Canine Health Foundation.

IWSCA breeders
Most of the breeders in the IWSCA belong to the Breeders Education Committee (BEC) The BEC exists to inform and educate IWSCA breeders on issues of health, genetics and breeding practices designed to promote the ongoing health and welfare of the Irish Water Spaniel. To this end the BEC breeders have agreed to a rigorous set of recommended breeding practices such as: open information exchange, health testing in accordance with the Irish Water Spaniel CHIC protocol, collaboration with the IWSCA Health and Genetics Committee, participation in breed-specific health studies, promotion of responsible pet ownership, and responsibility for any puppy they have bred – for the life of that dog. Individual B.E.C. breeders can be found on the IWSCA website.

IWS Health Foundation
The IWS Health Foundation's aim is to serve the worldwide Irish Water Spaniel community by providing a forum for internet-based collection and circulation of information, research and educational materials relating to the health and life expectancy of the breed, and for anyone with an interest to promote research for the long-term benefit of the breed.

Health
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

title: Irish Water Spaniel


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Talk:Irish Water Spaniel

Untitled
Will add kennel club links and images later. The Dogfather 20:38, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Vulnerable Native Breed
This breed is classed in Britain as a VNB - a breed which originated in the UK but now has registration numbers with the Kennel Club of less then 300 puppies per year.

I'm a Canadian teenager on a gap year before Uni and I'm really interested in this. Would anyone like a VNB paragraph/link on this page? I can write it, but am ignorant about formatting etc. Plus, I'm trying to put together a whole collection on all 29 breeds on this list, including history and so on, using Wikipedia as one of my many sources. If you can help, or are interested at all, please contact me either on my talk page or at green_ied_dragon@hotmail.com

--The Wizard of Magicland 19:44, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Edit: Just noticed this - "It is also one of the rarest with only around 500 dogs left in the UK"; I'll move that bit to my section, which I'm working on now and hope to have up soon, as long as there are no objections?

Anecdata
From the end of the last full paragraph, I removed the following uncited, unencyclopedic, original research: "If he was swimming when young he like water if not he will walk around puddles." Mwillia9 (talk) 23:02, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Irish Water Spaniel


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Canada Life Centre

Canada Life Centre (formerly Bell MTS Place) is an indoor arena in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The arena is the home of the National Hockey League's Winnipeg Jets and their American Hockey League affiliate, the Manitoba Moose.

The arena stands on the site of the former Eaton's Winnipeg store, and is owned and operated by True North Sports & Entertainment. The 440,000 square feet (41,000 m2) building was constructed at a cost of $133.5 million CAD. It opened on November 16, 2004, as MTS Centre, replacing the since-demolished Winnipeg Arena. It has a capacity of 15,321 for hockey and 16,345 for concerts.

History
With the bankruptcy of the iconic Eaton's retailer, the famed store that was originally constructed in Winnipeg was emptied in late 2001. Various alternative uses for the building (including residential condominiums) were suggested, but ultimately the arena was deemed to be the most viable and beneficial to the city's struggling downtown by Winnipeg Mayor Glen Murray and True North. After a small, but emotional resistance to losing the Western Canadian landmark Eaton's building by some locals and the Save the Eaton's Coalition, which inspired a "group hug" of the "Big Store" by a reported 180 people in 2001, the store was demolished in 2002 to make way for the new entertainment complex.

The arena officially opened on November 16, 2004, replacing the aging Winnipeg Arena, which had been in operation since 1955. In recognizing Eaton's history, red bricks were incorporated into the design of the arena façade, evoking the memory of their store that had once graced Portage Avenue. An original store window and Tyndall stone surround is mounted in the arena concourse to house a collection of Eaton's memorabilia. In addition, two war memorials were incorporated into the building. The Timothy Eaton statue that was once a main feature of the store is also housed on the concourse of the arena, one floor directly above where it stood on the ground floor of the original Eaton's building.

Originally known as the "True North Centre" during its planning and construction stages, it was named MTS Centre as part of a naming rights agreement with Manitoba Telecom Services (MTS). It was renamed Bell MTS Place on May 30, 2017 following Bell Canada's acquisition of MTS. On June 15, 2021, True North announced that the naming rights had been sold to Winnipeg-based Canada Life Assurance Company under a 10-year agreement, renaming it Canada Life Centre. It is often nicknamed "The Phone Booth", due to its naming rights having previously held by telecom companies.

American Hockey League
The AHL's Manitoba Moose were the arena's first tenant, from its opening in 2004 to 2011. The team relocated to St. John's prior to the 2011–12 AHL season to make way for the arrival of the Winnipeg Jets. The Moose returned to the MTS Centre for the 2015–16 season, making the arena the first (together with the SAP Center at San Jose) to be home to both an NHL team and its AHL affiliate. Only the lower bowl, which has a capacity of 8,812, is used for the majority of Moose home games.

The arena hosted the AHL All-Star Classic on February 1, 2006, in which Team Canada defeated Team PlanetUSA, 9-4.

National Hockey League
From 1972 to 1996, the original Winnipeg Jets played home games out of the now-demolished Winnipeg Arena. Facing mounting financial troubles, the franchise relocated to Arizona after the 1995–96 NHL season and became the Phoenix Coyotes. In 2024, that franchise moved again, this time to Salt Lake City, Utah.

The idea of Winnipeg one day returning to the NHL gained momentum after the MTS Centre opened. David Thomson and Mark Chipman were floated as potential owners of an NHL team, although many questions were raised about the MTS Centre's potential suitability as an NHL venue. The arena's capacity was well below that of the next-smallest NHL arena at that time, the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, which sat 16,170 but lacked modern design elements. Chipman stated that the arena's current size was sufficient for an NHL team due to the unique economics of the local market.

Prior to receiving an NHL team, the MTS Centre hosted several NHL preseason games. The first was held on September 17, 2006 between the Edmonton Oilers and the Phoenix Coyotes (the former Winnipeg Jets) in front of a sold-out crowd, which the Oilers won 5–0. The NHL exhibition game became an annual event for the MTS Centre, concluding in September 2010 when the defending Stanley Cup champions, the Chicago Blackhawks, led by captain and Winnipeg-born Jonathan Toews, played the Tampa Bay Lightning in front of a crowd of 14,092. '

On May 19, 2011, The Globe and Mail reported that Mark Chipman and True North were finalizing the purchase of the Atlanta Thrashers, with the intent of moving the team to Winnipeg. Chipman and True North had also floated a proposal to return the Coyotes to Winnipeg though this was declined in favor to keeping it in Phoenix. Twelve days later, True North chairman Mark Chipman, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman, and Premier of Manitoba Greg Selinger held a press conference at the MTS Centre to announce the deal, which was formally approved by the NHL Board of Governors three weeks later. As part of the transition to the NHL, the arena went through some minor renovations to bring it in line with the league's standards, including construction of additional press boxes, shuttered lighting, flexible rink glass, and an upgraded ice refrigeration system.

As part of a partnership to subsidize the mortgage of MTS Centre in the wake of the Jets' return, the province reached a 20-year agreement with True North granting it up to $4 million in gaming revenue per-year from designated video lottery terminals downtown. These VLTs would initially be located at the Tavern United sports bar next door to MTS Centre, with the option for True North to construct its own lounge at the nearby Cityplace mall. True North would open a Shark Club sports bar and gaming centre at Cityplace in 2013.

Further improvements were made over the next few years, including concourse improvements, installation of a new HD scoreboard, and the replacement of metal rails with plexiglass to eliminate obstructed views around the arena. A total of 278 premium seats were added to the upper level in 2015, slightly increasing the arena's capacity.

With a capacity of just over 15,300 for NHL games, Canada Life Centre is currently the smallest permanent arena in the NHL.

Western Hockey League
In May 2023, the Winnipeg Ice of junior hockey's Western Hockey League announced that for the WHL Championship Series that month, they would play all home games downtown at the larger Canada Life Centre instead of their usual home, the 1600-capacity Wayne Fleming Arena. Previously, the Brandon Wheat Kings played select games at the arena due to scheduling conflicts with the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair.

International
Canada Life Centre co-hosted the 2007 IIHF Women's World Championship with Selkirk, which was won by Canada. Other international matches hosted at the arena included 2005 World Junior Championship pretournament games, the fifth game of the 2007 Super Series between Canada and Russia, and the medal round of the 2011 World U-17 Hockey Challenge.

Curling
Canada Life Centre hosted the 2008 Tim Hortons Brier. From 2005 through 2010 (barring the 2007–08 edition that was held in Quebec City), the arena hosted the Grand Slam of Curling's Canadian Open.

Combat sports
On June 15, 2013, the arena hosted UFC 161.

In professional wrestling, it hosted a broadcast of WWE Raw on February 24, 2020, which was ultimately the final non-hockey event to be held at the arena before the implementation of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. WWE SmackDown was broadcast from Canada Life Centre on September 30, 2022, as part of WWE's first shows in Canada since the beginning of the pandemic.

On March 15, 2023, All Elite Wrestling (AEW) hosted a live broadcast of Dynamite and a taping of Rampage at Canada Life Centre, in its second-ever Canadian show. Prior to the event, AEW performer Chris Jericho—a long-time resident of Winnipeg—was honoured by Mayor of Winnipeg Scott Gillingham and Premier of Manitoba Heather Stefanson with a portion of Winnipeg’s Wordsworth Way being renamed Chris Jericho Way, and a Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal.

title: Canada Life Centre


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Talk:Lists of Irish kings

Untitled
The information in the article is already duplicated, although this article has links and general more superior in terms of detail provided Djegan 20:40, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps this article should become essentially a disambiguation page to point to List of High Kings of Ireland and to King of Ireland. Those articles look to me to be in better shape generally, and are more specific and accurate 'stylings' of the relevant titles. I don't think there's much extra here, and what there is (the Jacobite Pretenders, a discourse on the Nine Years Year) is rather tangential. Alai 03:10, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I've 'merged' this as far as seems logical, so I'm going to remove the tags, and leave the 'residual' kings, and the pointers to the other articles. If anyone else feels the need to rearrange some more, feel free... Alai 04:23, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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Buttwil

Buttwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

The village is 2 km west of Muri.

History
Buttwil is first mentioned in 1160 as Butwile. From its founding the Benedictine Muri Abbey possessed extensive real estate in the village. With the conquest of Aargau in 1415, the high court right, which had been held by the Habsburgs, went to the Swiss Confederation. The low court right remained at the Abbey.

The chapel of St. James was built in 1666 and was a chapel of ease in the Muri parish.

This former farming village showed a steady population decline around 1950. This was followed by a sharp increase since 1970, due to the virtually fog-free area and the short commutes on the train to Zürich and Lucerne. Since 1984, there has been a bus connection to Muri.

Geography
Buttwil has an area,, of 4.52 km2. Of this area, 2.92 km2 or 64.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.03 km2 or 22.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.56 km2 or 12.4% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.5%. Out of the forested land, 21.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 38.7% is used for growing crops and 22.6% is pastures, while 3.3% is used for orchards or vine crops.

The municipality is located in the Muri district on the eastern edge of the Lindenberg. It consists of the village of Buttwil.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules an Escallop Argent.

Demographics
Buttwil has a population of  , 5.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 5.9%. Most of the population speaks German (95.6%), with French being second most common ( 0.7%) and Italian being third ( 0.6%).

The age distribution,, in Buttwil is; 138 children or 11.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 188 teenagers or 16.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 108 people or 9.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 145 people or 12.4% are between 30 and 39, 229 people or 19.5% are between 40 and 49, and 171 people or 14.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 121 people or 10.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 50 people or 4.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 20 people or 1.7% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 2 people or 0.2% who are 90 and older.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.58 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m2 as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 73.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 22 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 125 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 231 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 391 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.8 persons per household. there were 268 single family homes (or 56.9% of the total) out of a total of 471 homes and apartments. There were a total of 0 empty apartments for a 0.0% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 8.6 new units per 1000 residents.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 36.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (21.8%), the SP (13.6%) and the FDP (9.7%).

The historical population is given in the following table:

Economy
, Buttwil had an unemployment rate of 1.39%. , there were 39 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 47 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 14 businesses in this sector. 119 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 31 businesses in this sector.

there were 574 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 456 or about 79.4% of the residents worked outside Buttwil while 86 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 204 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 8.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.4% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 618 or 55.9% were Roman Catholic, while 332 or 30.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.

Education
In Buttwil about 82% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population, there are 128 students attending primary school in the municipality.

title: Buttwil


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Sarah Lennox

Sarah Lennox may refer to:

 * Lady Sarah Lennox (1745–1826), daughter of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, love of George III
 * Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond (1706–1751), daughter of William Cadogan, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline

title: Sarah Lennox


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Talk:Lactase

This entry looks bad and misleading. "humens" is misspelled badly
This entry looks bad. "humens" is misspelled badly, the entry claims "most humans are lactose intolerant" which is misleading. FruitSalad4225 (talk)

 * Well spelling is to be corrected not complained about (there is an edit button for a reason!), and I don't see what is misleading about most humans being lactose intolerant, please explain?

--BerserkerBen 03:35, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Because most humans are not lactose intolerant.

FruitSalad4225 (talk) 23:42, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Is 70% not a majority?

Roy Lewis (talk) 20:27, 19 May 2020 (UTC)

Units of measure
Labels on lactase bottles often differ to make comparison difficult. Here's a first stab at a table, which should eventually be posted to the main article.
 * 375 mg = 5,250 FCC units
 * 200 LAC = ???
 * 1 Lac. U. = 1 ALU = 1 FCC unit.

It is more difficult to give an exact equivalence between milligrams (mg) and FCC units, but 125 mg should be sufficient as several companies list it as equal to 1750 FCC units.

-- Quest out of UK shows 2000 ALU per 200mg tablet of Lactase enzyme. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.220.239.226 (talk) 17:51, 27 September 2020 (UTC)

β-galactosidase
I think sufficient detail should be placed to explain why β-galactosidase and lactase are not one in the same, as can be see we already had people making that confusion. It should be well explained that lactase is part of the family of β-galactosidase, that lactase is specific to lactose while other β-galactosidases is specific to one or many other galactosides. --BerserkerBen 19:18, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I created the β-galactosidase page so that if people are confused they can follow the link. All that needs to be said on this page is that Lactase is a type of β-galactosidase. Bensaccount 19:22, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think a link is enough to answer the confusion, I have seen the mistake made enough (on the internet in general) to make me believe it is warranted to explain that in detail, perhaps it could be stated as:

 * “Lactase is a beta galacticidase that can hydrolysis the beta 1,4 ether bridge of lactose”

 * and

 * “A common mistake is the assumption that all beta galacticidase enzymes are lactase enzymes, this is untrue as other beta galacticidases have substrates other then lactose.”

 * --BerserkerBen 20:24, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * BerserkerBen, this is what you got initially

'''Lactase is a member of the β-galactosidase family of enzyme: enzymes that hydrolysis β 1,4 bonded attachments off of galactose. Lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) is involved in the hydrolysis of lactose in to constituent galactose and glucose monomers. Not all β-galactosidase hydrolysis lactose, but those that can quilify as lactase enzymes.'''

If someone makes a wrong assumptiion it is their mistake not yours, at least i don't make such an assumption. You have done the right thing by creating the β-galactosidase family page, if they don't know what β-galactosidase is they can just follow the link - you don't have to explain it for them in every article that's about the members of this family. So this part of the text is unnecesary:

"Lactase is a member of the β-galactosidase family of enzyme: enzymes that hydrolysis β 1,4 bonded attachments off of galactose. Lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) is involved in the hydrolysis of lactose in to constituent galactose and glucose monomers. Not all β-galactosidase hydrolysis lactose, but those that can quilify as lactase enzymes."

Then you are left with two sentences that can be merged:

"Lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) , is a member of the β-galactosidase family of enzyme: enzymes that hydrolysis β 1,4 bonded attachments off of galactose. Lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) is involved in , catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose in to constituent galactose and glucose monomers. Not all β-galactosidase hydrolysis lactose, but those that can quilify as lactase enzymes."

By the way, would you like to join our team? -- Boris 21:53, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * ok (?) I was speaking of the issue of the common confusion of lactase as all beta galacticidases, which I think is only a issue with lactase, I think that issue should be mentioned as it is relavent to lactase, if anyone wants to suggest how to do that please state so simply, by the way I'm not Bensaccount, just encase you didn't know. Previously (upthere) I made a suggested solution do you think its is viable?

 * I think saying it is a member of the β-galactosidase is sufficient to clear up this confusion. Bensaccount 23:56, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

I don't, we don't need to explain the diffrence between beta galacticidase and lactase, but we do need ot explain that the missconception exist, and until you people talk out argeement with me in here instead of editing first I will fight it. Now as I stated before here is the solution I propose, state if you argee/disargee or what you want changed:

“Lactase is a beta galacticidase that can hydrolysis the beta 1,4 ether bridge of lactose”

and

“A common mistake is the assumption that all beta galacticidase enzymes are lactase enzymes, this is untrue as other beta galacticidases have substrates other then lactose.”--BerserkerBen 02:23, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

This article provides an encyclopedia type of info, which means that there should not be any text that tries to clear up any misconception that the reader might have, but even if you insist so much this case has to go to the β-galactosidase because if you put it here, then you have to put it in all the articles about all those β-galactosidase that some people might think are lactases too, so we gonna end up with the same text in several articles, instead of being in just one place - now how does that make sence to you? So i strongly preffer to have either mine, Bensaccount or your first variant in the article. And then why do you keep writing "galacticidase"? Your variant though needs some fixing - when an enzyme has only one substrate it is more proper to say "it catalyzes this reaction" instead of "it can catalyze...", can is not used when you talk about the default function of a protein, especially when it takes place most of the time, it just doesn't "sound" right, and i'm not talking as some grammar pro, it's that i have read probably a half a dozen different biochemistry books and hundreds of articles and the authors don't say it that way, can sounds better when its used to describe an optional function, anyway that's up to you. Then you have this "beta 1,4 ether bridge" - this is not an ehter bond (bridge is very un-pro, so i won't let you use it), it is a glycoside bond, these are two different type of bonds, and although some authors might find them equivalent, they are not. -- Boris 09:44, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you have any links to prove that this is a "common mistake"? Because i don't think it is, well at least i don't remember me or any of my colleagues having this problem while we were taking our biochemistry class. When you say "but we do need ot explain that the missconception exist", by "we" you mean yourself only, everyone on Wikipedia or who? For me it seems that we includes you only and noone else so far, and definately does not include me and at least one more guy, Bensaccount, because we, which in this case is me and Bensaccount, don't think that this explanation needs to take place here.
 * We have many articles on the site which address myths and miconceptions related to their topic, don't believe me then just search for "misconceptions". Yes I can find many examples of the error on the internet:

http://www.drugs.com/pdr/LACTASE__BETA_D_GALACTOSIDASE_.html LACTASE (BETA-D-GALACTOSIDASE) http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/worksheets/scotland/milk.htm “lactase (ß galactosidase)” http://www.science-projects.com/LactaseTeacher.htm “β-galactosidase is also known as lactase” http://www.science-projects.com/LacInhibSetUp.htm “lactase, or β-galactosidase.” http://www.worthington-biochem.com/BG/default.html "Beta-galactosidase (Lactase)" Now I have a flight to catch so I'll be quick and get back to you later. Look I'm sorry to tell you this but wikipedia is meant for the general public (everyone), so misconception made by laymen need to be address to correct them. Now I have no problem with fixing grammatical, spelling, technical what ever errors, go crazy, but I will not stand for not address the problem I perceive, all I ask for is a sentence or two that addresses the fact the lactase is not beta-galactosidase, that lactase is specific to a reaction and only beta-galactosidases that can hydrolyses lactose can be called “lactase”. You can rewrite it in whatever why that you find is correct as long as you state the same premise. Now if you want this described under beta-galactosidases I’m fine with that to, just say you agree and we can be done with this. Now I’m very frustrated here, I thought we could discuss this agree upon a conclusion and then edit up the solution, but you people want to edit first and tell me to now that is just rude and makes a edit war mess in the history archives.--BerserkerBen 18:14, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

 * First let me say that i DO NOT WANT to be part of any edit war. Now back to lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that has a very high substrate specificity for lactose, and even if it can hydrolyzes some other substrates, lactose is it's primary (if not only) substrate. All the lactases that we know (human, rat, rabbit, bovine, etc.) form the lactase family of enzymes. The lasctase family is a subfamily of the beta-galactosidase family of enzymes, which means that any lactase enzyme is a beta-galactosidase as well. There are beta-galactosidase enzymes, that belong to their own subfamilies, that can hydrolize lactose among other substrates but this doesn't make them lactases, it is not correct to called them lactases at all. Now if some people call these enzymes lactases too, according to the links you have provided, that is their problem. Keep in mind that there is an enzyme called beta-galactosidase (it has its own gene, it is regulated in a specific way, etc) - it is an enzyme entity or an enzyme species if you want. This enzyme is A beta-galactosidase - it belongs to the beta-galactosidase family of enzymes. (Lactase) = (a beta-galactosidase) - Yes. (Lactase) = (beta-galactosidase) - No. I guess that is where all the confusion comes. -- Boris 15:24, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Misconceptions, be it "their problem" is what an encyclopedia is trying to alleviate, so it is our problem. Yes Lactase equals "a beta-galactosidase", Lactase does not equal "beta-galactosidase", I'm glad you finally recognized the source of the misconception. Now I want to dispel that misconception, I agree with you that it would be better place on the beta-galactosidase article, briefly saying something like, lactase is a subfamily of beta-galactosidase that is sometimes confused as an alternate name, etc. Now if you object why?

1. Not all β-galactosidase hydrolysis lactose, but those that can quilify as lactase enzymes. - that is uncorrect. 2. Bacterial and Archaea lactase lack a membrane binding domain and free float around the cell, these also tend to be more general beta-galactosidase that will cleave more then just lactose. - since these enzymes aren't lactases but they can hydrolyze lactose, this one should go to the "lactose" article or to their respective subfamily articles. And finaly i would like if the text in section "Industrial use" is checked, by someone who's familiar with the industrial hydrolyzis of lactose (i'm not), to make sure that the enzymes that are mentioned are true lactases and not enzymes with lactase activity - "lactase" and "enzyme that can hydrolize lactose" aren't the same thing. If any of them is a true lactase, that text can stay here, if not it should go someplace else. -- Boris 01:30, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * If you want to clarify for the readers that lactase is a subfamily of beta-galactosidase that is sometimes confused as an alternate name, etc., it is fine with me, whether you want to have it here in this article or in the "beta-galactosidase" article, or in both, at this point it doesn't matter to me. What i don't like is the presence of these sentences in the "Lactase" article:
 * Go right ahead and change those to your liking, none of those I have an issue with. --BerserkerBen 02:47, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

"Most humans". Hilarious.
Lactose intolerance figures can't be determined through simple genetics.

Lactose intolerance and lactase deficiency are not synonyms. Lactose intolerance is defined by the adverse symptoms that accompany a lactase deficient individual's consumption of lactose. Not all lactase deficient individuals ever have such symptoms, and thus not all lactase deficient individuals are lactose intolerant. Even if only 1/3 don't, the impressive propagandistic "75% of the world is lactose intolerant" straight-out-of-the-ass figure becomes 50%.

Lactose intolernace figures can't necessarily be determined through a simple survey or cursory diagnosis, especially in 3rd world countries.

Lactose intolerance is not the same thing as intolerance to cow milk, so any study you cite has to be able to positively differentiate them. Difficult, considering the symtoms are the same. Simple intolerance to cow milk is an allergy, totally unrelated to lactase abundance. Even if only 1/3 of those assumed to be lactose intolerant are actually intolerant to cow milk, the still passably impressive propagandistic 50% derived above becomes 33%.

If what the statistic means to say is that up to 75% of people are likely to develop lactose intolerance in their lifetimes, we have to ask what ages they are likely to develop it at. Is it really scientifically rigorous to say that a person who develops lactose intolerance on their death bed at age 84 should contribute to the statistic before that time?

Perhaps it means that up to 75% of people are at "significantly greater risk" towards contracting lactose intolerance? In which case, for the sake of perspective, please provide carcingen statistics in the same vein, so people can clearly see how utterly meaningless that really is.

Using similar vague terminology as that which is used to come up with the 75% figure, practically everyone in the world "has" cancer. --76.209.58.121 10:29, 27 February 2007 (UTC

Ummm... Most people ARE lactose intolerant. Try drinking an amount of milk proportional to what infants consume on a daily basis. Chance are pretty good you're gonna get diarrhea. Go on, try it. I dare you. What's "hilarious" is your overexcited response to a broad, generic statement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.3.139.40 (talk) 03:09, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

"Approximately 65 percent of the human population has a reduced ability to digest lactose after infancy." see https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lactose-intolerance#statistics — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jphighwater (talk • contribs) 23:32, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

In addition to the above responses which correctly reply that most human adults (and all other adult mammals) are lactose intolerant, the original comment about common cow milk intolerance being an allergy (IgE mediated) is wrong, and evinces a confusion about the mechanisms involved in allergies and lactose intolerance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:589:0:4B51:40F6:84D:6C36:E97F (talk) 19:13, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

Lactase as a dietary aid
The article does not mention lactase in pill form (such as LactAid) that can be taken with a meal. Do these pills work? That is, in the stomach does lactase survive digestion long enough to do its job? Lactase is normally used commercially to break down lactose before the food item is eaten. An explanation of this would be helpful. --Una Smith (talk) 18:54, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * A bit late of a response, but apparently the type of lactase used is resistant to stomach acid/enzyme degradation (Lange Gastrointestinal Physiology, 2e, Ch.15)Myoglobin (talk) 22:50, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 17:41, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Again confusing infos about EC number and CAS number.....
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&N4=G3665|SIGMA&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO|BRAND_KEY&F=SPEC

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&N4=G5160|SIGMA&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO|BRAND_KEY&F=SPEC

http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/2/1/108.html

http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+3.2.1.108

which one should I believe in???--124.78.211.208 (talk) 05:57, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The confusion here is that there are two types of EC numbers. The number most relevant to this article is the Enzyme Commission number which is .  The second number, 232-864-1, refers to the European Commission system for coding chemicals, see EC-No. All the links that you have provided above point to the same CAS registry number . Boghog2 (talk) 04:42, 30 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Concerning food safety and EC numbers, Enzyme Commission number is not directly related to food safety, whereas the European Commission number function does relate to safety. Hence adding a what tag to an Enzyme Commission number with the justification that it has to do with food safety makes no sense. Boghog2 (talk) 05:05, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

As this is so unfinished can I make a comment. In Germany Lactase is available in tablet form and has a strength number - the usual is 9000u. This means nothing to me, whether a strength for Lactase is relevant or not i have no idea. In the UK it's a health shop product and some are printed 3000 FCC but there's no way for a consumer to understand what that means. I am very intolerant of Lactose, even the tiniest amount (from a high fat product) causes symptoms so understanding what to buy, in what strength is important. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 5.67.226.44 (talk) 09:15, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Lactaid redirects to this page
Lactaid redirects to this page but it is not mentioned by this page. It would be useful to either provide a brief mention or restore the original page, since this seems like a notable pharmaceutical product to me. Dcoetzee 10:57, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I see no need to mention any specific brand. For anyone who tries to look up any specific brand, it is entirely appropriate that it redirect here.  DrHow (talk) 20:40, 5 April 2016 (UTC)

Intro should be about stuff breaking down lactose first
The stuff about breaking down lactose should be first, not the stuff about humans. 192.12.88.228 (talk) 21:52, 23 April 2014 (UTC)

Optimum Temperature
On March 3rd 2010 the page was edited so that the optimum temperature was set to 25 degrees Celcius. I cannot find support for this claim in the referenced publications, and already asked the corresponding user who edited the article for clarification. If you find the time, please check the referenced paper and, if possible, hint me at where the temperature optimum of 25 degrees Celcius is mentioned in it. Thank you C-Otto (talk) 22:00, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

 * According to Brenda, the temperature optimum for human lactase is 20 °C, but for a mutant enzyme. The rat lactase optimum is listed at 25 while the E. coli optimum is claimed to be 37 °C.  Finally the referenced publication  didn't do a careful temperature dependence study, so their claim of 37 °C is suspect.  That is why I included the word "about".  We need a better reference.  This looks promising, but unfortunately Google books doesn't display all the pages (at least pages 84–85 are not displayed in my view) and I don't have access to a hard copy of the book. Boghog (talk) 11:58, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

lactase measuring unit
what is the lactase measuring unit 62.31.165.168 (talk) 10:36, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lactase


text:
Nordic Semiconductor

Nordic Semiconductor ASA (formerly known as Nordic VLSI) was founded in 1983 and is a Norwegian fabless technology company with its headquarters in Trondheim, Norway. The company specializes in designing ultra-low-power wireless communication semiconductors and supporting software for engineers developing and manufacturing Internet of Things (IoT) products.

The company's primary SoC and SiP hardware products support wireless technologies, protocols, and standards like Bluetooth LE and BLE mesh, Wi-Fi, Thread, Zigbee, Matter, LTE-M and NB-IoT, KNX IoT, as well as the 5G standard technology DECT NR+ and 2.4  GHz ISM band communication. nRF Connect SDK (software development kit) integrates Zephyr RTOS and lets developers build size-optimized software.

End-user applications and products include consumer electronics; wireless headphones and LE audio gear; wireless mobile phone accessories ("Appcessories"); wireless gamepad, mouse, and keyboard; intelligent sports equipment; wireless medical and healthcare; remote control; wireless voice-audio applications (e.g., voice over IP); security; wireless navigation hardware; and toys. In addition, industrial and commercial IoT applications include health, asset tracking, metering (gas/water/electricity), smart home and building automation.

Nordic Semiconductor has been ISO 9001 certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) since 1996, and the certificate was upgraded to ISO 9001-2000 in 2001. In 1996, Nordic Semiconductor was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange's SME list.

History

Nordic Semiconductor was initially founded in 1983 as Nordic VLSI (NVLSI) in Trondheim, Norway by four post-graduates from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Initially, the company focused on the design of mixed-signal application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) within the Nordic region. In 1996, the firm went public on the Norwegian stock exchange, where it still trades.

In 1998, NVLSI released its first wireless standard products in the 433 MHz ISM band. In 2003 NVLSI was renamed Nordic Semiconductor, often known as Nordic Semi, to reflect the company's focus on ultra-low-power wireless devices. The same year saw the release of Nordic Semiconductor's first wireless devices at 2.4 GHz. Since 2003, Nordic Semiconductor has maintained a clear focus on wireless products for the 2.4 GHz band and has seen its devices used in a wide range of branded consumer electronic products.

Nordic Semiconductor products support short-range low-power wireless through Bluetooth LE, Thread, Zigbee, and proprietary 2.4 GHz protocols; and low-power cellular IoT through LTE-M and NB-IoT.

2012 saw the release of the third generation of ultra-low-power wireless products. This family of products is named the nRF51 series, and incorporates the ARM Cortex-M series microcontrollers at their core.

In 2015 Nordic Semiconductor introduced new 2.4 GHz ISM band SoC series, the nRF52 Series with ARM Cortex-M4 as their core.

In January 2018, Nordic Semiconductor introduced its first cellular product, the nRF91 series. With the nRF9160 system in a package (SiP), the company expanded from Bluetooth LE and short-range radio applications into cellular network solutions. The main focus is on cellular IoT by supporting LTE-M and NB-IoT.

In November 2019, Nordic Semiconductor introduced a flagship SoC containing dual-core ARM Cortex-M33 processors and a multi-protocol radio stack (NFC/BLE/BLE mesh/Zigbee/Thread/others), the nRF53 series.

In 2022, Nordic Semiconductor unveiled a low-power, dual-band Wi-Fi 6 companion chip, the nRF70 Series. ICs compatible with the nRF7002 include the nRF52 and nRF53 Bluetooth SoCs and the nRF91 cellular SiP, although Nordic claims that the device can also be used with non-Nordic host devices.

In August 2023, it was announced Nordic Semiconductor had entered into an agreement to acquire the IP portfolio of San Diego-headquartered artificial intelligence and machine learning company, Atlazo.

In October 2023, Nordic Semiconductor announced the second product, nRF54L Series, in its fourth generation of Bluetooth® Low Energy Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) family, the nRF54.

In December 2023, Nordic Semiconductor announced that after 22 years at the helm, Sven-Torre will step down from the role of CEO. He will be replaced by Vegard Woollan, the co-inventor of the AVR microcontroller architecture.

Products
Nordic Semiconductor designs and produces SoC, SiP, and connectivity solutions for the ISM bands at 5 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 868/915 MHz bands. The products operate on low power, enabling wireless and IoT applications to use little battery and run on harvested energy.

Current products include SoCs incorporating the ARM Cortex-M0, ARM Cortex-M4 and ARM Cortex-M33 microcontroller cores.

Popular products include the nRF24L01+ and the nRF24LE1, both using the lightweight and proprietary "Enhanced ShockBurst" protocol stack in 2.4 GHz ISM band. The nRF24L01+ is a simple transceiver with some logic to implement the protocol stack and is connected to a microcontroller via an SPI bus, while the nRF24LE1 can be seen as an nRF24L01 and a microcontroller in the same chip.'

nRF91 Series SiP
The nRF9160 SiP expanded Nordic Semiconductor's lineup from mainly focusing on Bluetooth LE and other short range wireless protocol SoCs into the realm of connected devices using the cellular network for internet connectivity. The series offers LTE-M and NB-IoT connectivity.

nRF70 Series
A Wi-Fi companion IC is designed to provide Wi-Fi connectivity and functionality to existing Nordic products. Unlike other Nordic solutions, the first product, nRF7002, is strictly for connectivity.

nRF54 Series SoC
The nRF54 Series SoC makes it possible to reduce BOM, replacing external components through a highly integrated SoC with multiple ARM_Cortex-M processors running up to 320 MHz in conjunction with RISC-V coprocessors. nRF54H20 touts efficient processing, ultra-low power radio, and minimal sleep currents, multiprotocol radio with 10 dBm TX power, -100 dBm RX sensitivity for Bluetooth LE and -104 dBm for 802.15.4., PSA Level 3 certification, secure boot, secure firmware update, secure storage, and protection against physical attacks. In EEMBC ULPMark-CM benchmarking, configured for maximum processing efficiency, the nRF54H20 scores 170 with 515 CoreMark. Configured for maximum processing performance, the nRF54H20 scores 132 with 1290 CoreMark. Compared to the nRF54H Series' GlobalFoundries 22FDX® (22 nm) process, nRF54L Series features a new hardware architecture fabricated using TSMC’s 22ULL® (22 nm) process technology.

nRF53 Series SoC
The nRF5340 SoC is the world's first dual-core ARM Cortex-M33 SoC (128MHz + 64MHz), released in 2020. This is Nordic's new generation of wireless SoCs with a separate processor core to handle connectivity, thus freeing up resources for handling more demanding applications on the main processor's core without compromising on the connectivity.

nRF52 Series SoCs
The nRF52 Series SoCs was the second short-range wireless SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor, building on their experience developing the nRF51 Series. The nRF52 series, especially the nRF52840 and nRF52833, is very successful and exists in millions of popular consumer devices in the world today, among them wireless mice, keyboards and audio devices. The popularity of Nordic's nRF52 series allows Nordic Semiconductor to maintain a 40% worldwide market share in the Bluetooth LE segment.

The nRF52833 SoC features a 64 MHz ARM Cortex-M4. This SoC supports an extended temperature range of -40˚C to 105˚C. The SoC has a 1:4 RAM to Flash storage ratio (128 KB : 512 KB). Being a wireless-focused chip, the nRF52833 is equipped with an output power of +8 dBm.

nRF51 Series SoCs
The nRF51 Series SoCs was the first short-range wireless SoC series from Nordic Semiconductor; it was superseded by the nRF52 Series SoCs.

Power management (nPM)
Dedicated Power Management ICs (PMIC) can achieve better performance and efficiency, and handle higher load capacities than smaller manufacturing processes and internal regulators. nPM Series supports power management, battery charging, and state-of-charge prediction using integrated battery current, voltage, and temperature measurements for precision estimation.

Range extenders (nRF21)
The transmit (TX) output power and the receiver sensitivity directly influence the link budget of a connection. An RF front-end module (FEM) increases the range at which two wireless devices can communicate while enhancing link robustness. nRF21540 RF FEM can boost wireless range up to 10x.

Cloud services
nRF Cloud is a platform for IoT cloud services for the nRF Series of wireless devices, including location services and Firmware Over-The-Air (FOTA).

Development software
nRF Connect SDK is a software development kit for the nRF Series of wireless devices.

Wireless technologies and protocols
Nordic Semiconductor provides hardware and software for several wireless technologies and protocols.

 * Cellular IoT (LTE-M/NB-IoT)
 * Internet of Things (IoT) devices use existing cellular networks, such as those used for mobile phones, to communicate over long distances and through walls and other barriers with greater flexibility and coverage than other wireless communication technologies.
 * DECT NR+
 * DECT Next Generation is an evolution of the DECT standard that allows any company or organization to build its own private 5G network and run and optimize as they wish.
 * Wi-Fi
 * By maximizing Wi-Fi’s low-power potential, Wi-Fi can be introduced in applications such as sensor networks, smart speakers, security cameras, home appliances, robot vacuums, and more.
 * Bluetooth Low Energy
 * Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed for use with low-power devices.
 * Bluetooth LE Audio
 * A new Bluetooth audio standard designed to reduce power consumption and improve the performance and functionality of Bluetooth audio devices such as wireless headphones and speakers.
 * Bluetooth Direction Finding
 * Bluetooth Mesh
 * Matter for smart home applications
 * Matter uses Thread, Wi-Fi, Ethernet and Bluetooth LE to make it possible for developers to create secure and interoperable products for the major smart home ecosystems.
 * Thread
 * Zigbee
 * ANT+
 * 2.4 GHz proprietary
 * Amazon Sidewalk
 * Apple Find My network

Industry associations
Nordic Semiconductor is a member of the ANT+ Alliance, Bluetooth Special Interest Group, KNX Association, Thread Group, Connectivity Standards Alliance, Wi-Fi Alliance, GSMA, and the Zephyr Project.

Nordic Semiconductor has announced a collaboration with Qualcomm, NXP, Bosch and Infineon, to launch a joint company focused on RISC-V.

Clones
Some clones of Nordic Semiconductor's chips can be found on the market, such as the SI24R1 and the BK2421. They often demonstrate inferior receiver sensitivity and higher power consumption, although they may add additional features such as higher maximal transmission power.

Locations
Nordic Semiconductor is headquartered in Trondheim, Norway. R&D offices are located in Portland (US), Krakow and Wrocław (Poland), Oulu, Espoo, Tampere and Turku (Finland), Hyderabad (India), Bristol and Hertfordshire (UK), Stockholm and Lund (Sweden), and in Oslo and Trondheim (Norway). Technical support or sales offices are located in Oslo (Norway), San Diego (US), Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong (China), Taipei (Taiwan), Manila (the Philippines), Yokohama (Japan), Seoul (South Korea), Düsseldorf (Germany), Eindhoven (the Netherlands) and London (UK).

title: Nordic Semiconductor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bruere

Bruere was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete.

Bruere
I know I just corrected this article (wuz browsing the Dead-end pages), but finally shouldn't this be a delete? It's just a genealogical dump. — Bill 20:48, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Definitely delete: non-encyclopedic nothingness. Geogre 05:00, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic text dump. jni 07:48, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. for reasons above. --Ianb 23:08, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. We're not a family tree. --Improv 16:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bruere


text:
Talk:Greenhythe (Greenhithe)

Move?

 * This article should probably be moved to Greenhithe and possibly Greenhythe could redirect there. This page could then be deleted as it doesnt follow wiki naming conventions. MRSC 20:50, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This article has now been histmerged to Greenhithe. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 11:10, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greenhythe (Greenhithe)


text: Category:Live Oak County, Texas

title: Category:Live Oak County, Texas


text: Template:Chemical agents sidebar

title: Template:Chemical agents sidebar


text:
Talk:Bolesławiec

One more revert and I lock this page. Pakaran. 20:53, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

People
The people from section are in bullet form but the death isn't. I think it is a good idea to include it all but maybe the section title could be something different so it could reasonably include it all? Any ideas on where to go with this? Dreambeaver (talk) 22:32, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

Silesian name ?
Silesian language is spoken in Upper Silesia, a long way from Bolesławiec.Xx236 (talk) 10:11, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bolesławiec


text:
Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Semyonov (Семёнов) is a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, notable for being a major center for traditional handcrafts such as Khokhloma wood painting and matryoshka dolls. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 24,473.

Geography
The town is situated in an area of lowland bogs and forests, about 100 km northeast of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. The Kerzhenets River flows through the town. The surrounding area includes most of the Kerzhenets Nature Reserve, a federal-level strict ecological reserve, established for the protection and scientific study of the local ecology of the region.

History
Rachmaninov may have born there. Poles are buried there to do with the Katyn massacre of 1940. Nazi Germany was there from some of 1941 to a bit of 1944.

It was established in the beginning of the 17th century as a settlement of Old Believers. According to an Old Believer legend, the Old Believer settlement in the area was spurred by the existence of the ancient Olenevsky Skete (today, the village of Bolshoye Olenevo, some 24 km southeast from Semyonov), which had supposedly been founded in the 15th century by some of Venerable Macarius's monks to commemorate their leader's Miracle of the Moose that took place at that site, and later joined the Raskol.

The first documented mention of Semyonov was in 1644; it was referred to as Semyonov's hamlet, later as Semyonovo village, and from 1779 as the uyezd town of Semyonov.

From the beginning of the 19th to the early 20th century, it was a center for Old Believers movement and the only place to produce Old Believers' religious items such as lestovka prayer beads.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with 1 work settlement and 190 rural localities, incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Semyonov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Semyonov is incorporated as Semyonov Urban Okrug.

Economy and crafts

Since 1918 Khokhloma wood painting became a major craft in Semyonov. In 1960, Semyonov was organized as a factory named Khokhlomskaya rospis ("Хохломская роспись", Russian for "Khokhloma painting").

This factory specialized in the production of hand-painted wooden items (ranging from tableware to toys and furniture) with unique style, and also matryoshka dolls, marketed as souvenir items. The factory offers tours around the various stages of production and visitors can see craftspeople making and painting the items in traditional Russian styles.

Transportation
Semyonov is located on the Nizhny Novgorod-Kotelnich railway, which is part of one of the main routes used by trains traveling from Moscow to the Urals and Siberia. The town is served by electric commuter trains, connecting it to Nizhny Novgorod in just over an hour.

title: Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast


text:
Jared Harris

Jared Francis Harris (born 24 August 1961) is a British actor. His roles include Lane Pryce in the drama series Mad Men (2009–2012), for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series; King George VI in the historical drama series The Crown (2016–2017); and Valery Legasov in the miniseries Chernobyl (2019), for which he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

Harris also had roles as David Robert Jones in the science fiction series Fringe (2008–2012), Anderson Dawes on the science fiction series The Expanse (2015–2017) and Captain Francis Crozier in the series The Terror (2018). He is also known for his significant supporting roles in films such as Mr. Deeds (2002), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), Lincoln (2012), Allied (2016), Hari Seldon, a leading character in the science fiction series Foundation (2021), and as John in Reawakening (2024).

Early life
Harris was born on 24 August 1961 in Hammersmith, London, the second of three sons of Irish actor Richard Harris and his first wife, Welsh actress Elizabeth Rees-Williams (1936–2022). His younger brother is actor Jamie Harris, his older brother is director Damian Harris and his maternal grandfather was politician David Rees-Williams, 1st Baron Ogmore.

Education
Harris was educated at Ladycross School, a former preparatory boarding independent school in the coastal town of Seaford in East Sussex, as were his brothers Jamie and Damian. He says, "They were famous for discipline, with cold showers every morning", and that "You were never known by your first name there. You were either called by your number, or your last name. Since there were three of us, Damian was 'Harris Ma' for major. I was 'Harris Mi' for minor, and Jamie was 'Harris Minimus,' being the youngest and the smallest". He then attended Downside School, a Catholic boarding independent school in the village of Stratton-on-the-Fosse (near the market town of Shepton Mallet) in Somerset, in South West England. He went on to Duke University in the U.S., graduating in 1984 with a BFA in drama, then returned to England to train as an actor at the Central School of Speech and Drama, graduating in 1989.

1983–2008
Harris began his film career directing Darkmoor (1983), an unfinished feature-length film for Duke University's Freewater Films. His first film appearance as an actor was in The Rachel Papers (1989). He took minor roles in films such as the western romance Far and Away (1992), the historical epic The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and the crime drama Natural Born Killers (1994). He took the role of Benmont Tench in Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man (1995). He portrayed the role of the aged Will Robinson in the 1998 movie adaptation of the television series Lost in Space. That same year he portrayed Vladimir in the controversial black comedy drama film Happiness (1998), written and directed by Todd Solondz. He portrayed Kenneth Branagh's character's doppelgänger in How to Kill Your Neighbor's Dog (2000).

Other notable roles include Andy Warhol in I Shot Andy Warhol, John Lennon in the television movie Two of Us (2000) and King Henry VIII in the 2003 BBC film adaptation of the novel The Other Boleyn Girl. Harris portrayed Dr. Charles Ashford in Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004). He portrayed the gruff Captain Anderson in the BBC2 adaptation of To the Ends of the Earth; Mac McGrath in the movie Mr. Deeds; Eamon Quinn on the FX series The Riches; and David Robert Jones on Fringe.

2009–2017
He gained widespread fame for his portrayal of Lane Pryce in the AMC period drama series Mad Men from 2009 until 2012. The show focuses on the lives of Ad Men in New York City during the 1960s. He first appeared in season three where he arrives as a British newcomer to Sterling Cooper, and later becomes a partner of the new agency Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce. Paul MacInnes of The Guardian wrote of Lane Pryce, "For much of his three season tenure on the show, Lane has seemed like the archetypal Englishman...He was polite, courteous, dry-witted, stingy. He was also apparently logical and keenly stoic, keeping calm and carrying on when Sterling Cooper broke up and its successor nearly went under." Harris received critical acclaim for his final appearance in the episode "Commissions and Fees" as well as a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, losing to Aaron Paul for Breaking Bad in 2012. He returned to the series to direct the 11th episode of season 7, which aired in 2015.

He portrayed Ulysses S. Grant in Steven Spielberg's acclaimed historical drama film Lincoln (2012).

His portrayal of King George VI in the first season of The Crown received praise from critic Matt Zoller Seitz, who stated that despite the series' large ensemble, "Harris still manages to communicate the character’s understated sensitivity and awareness of his circumscribed role in England’s drama so poignantly that one can’t help being moved by the performance". He received nominations for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series.

2018–present
He portrayed Captain Francis Crozier in the 2018 series The Terror, based on the Dan Simmons novel of the same name that provided a fictional account of the fate of Franklin's lost expedition. In November 2018, Harris was one of the first recipients of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society's Louie Kamookak Medal, awarded "for making Canada's geography better known to Canadians and to the world", for his portrayal of Captain Crozier. Harris said that he was "gratified" that the series inspired curiosity about the real expedition, remarking, "It’s sort of fitting that history will recall that it was the RCGS that first recognized The Terror, and that we as the recipients walked in the footsteps of Louie Kamookak."

In 2019, Harris portrayed Valery Legasov in the acclaimed miniseries Chernobyl, which revolves around the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 and the cleanup efforts that followed. For that role he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. The series was produced by HBO in the United States and Sky UK in the United Kingdom.

In March 2019, Harris joined Jared Leto in Sony's Spider-Man spinoff Morbius. He plays the developer of psychohistory Hari Seldon in the Foundation television series produced for Apple TV+ which premiered in September 2021. In March 2021, Harris was announced to have joined the cast of the biographical drama film Rothko, directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson.

In 2024, he played the father of a returning missing child in the British psychological thriller film Reawakening, alongside Erin Doherty and Juliet Stevenson.

Personal life
Harris married Jacqueline Goldenberg in 1989 and they divorced three years later. On 16 July 2005, Harris married actress Emilia Fox, the daughter of actors Edward Fox and Joanna David, and filed for divorce in January 2009; the divorce was finalised in June 2010.

In April 2009, Harris met Allegra Riggio, a lighting designer and television host, at a comedy club where a mutual friend was performing. They married on 9 November 2013. Harris resides in Los Angeles.

title: Jared Harris


text:
Talk:Chris Keeler/Votes for deletion

Chris Keeler was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP AS REDIRECT to Christine Keeler. 2 votes to delete original content, 1 to keep as redirect to different article; no objections voiced to redirection. Postdlf 03:38, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Chris Keeler
This too brought to you by Dead-end pages. Googling "chris keeler" rugby australian just returns a few porno sites. — Bill 20:55, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - schoolboy rugby player - possible add when he plays for Australia or at least for a Super 12 side. Capitalistroadster 06:15, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * DR Kill this article, replace with redirect to Christine Keeler. Chris 00:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * In fact, nothing links here, so I've done just that. Chris 01:05, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Talk:Chris Keeler/Votes for deletion


text:
Muri District

Muri District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with the administrative capital of Muri. It covers the central and southern part of Freiamt and has a population of (as of ).

Geography
The Muri district has an area,, of 138.96 km2. Of this area, 95.6 km2 or 68.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 26.76 km2 or 19.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 13.62 km2 or 9.8% is settled (buildings or roads).

Coat of arms
The blazon of the district coat of arms is Gules a Wall in fess embattled Argent masoned Sable..

Demographics
The Muri district has a population of. , 13.2% of the population are foreign nationals.

Economy
there were 15,053 workers who lived in the district. Of these, 10,391 or about 69.0% of the residents worked outside the Muri district while 4,675 people commuted into the district for work. There were a total of 9,337 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the district.

Religion
From the, 18,897 or 66.9% were Roman Catholic, while 4,960 or 17.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 18 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.

Education
Of the school age population, there are 2,724 students attending primary school, there are 935 students attending secondary school, there are 569 students attending tertiary or university level schooling, and there are 14 students who are seeking a job after school in the municipality.

Mergers
The following changes to the district's municipalities have occurred since 2000:

 * On 1 January 2012 the municipality of Benzenschwil merged into Merenschwand.

title: Muri District


text:
Harinder Takhar

Harinder Jeet Singh Takhar (born c. 1951) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2018 who represented the ridings of Mississauga Centre and Mississauga—Erindale. He served in the cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne.

Background
Takhar was born to a Sikh family in the Indian state of Punjab, with a background in farming and civil service work. He moved to Canada in 1974, and arrived in Mississauga, Ontario in 1977. He obtained a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree in economics and political science and recently added Kellogg Schlich's EMBA degree to his FCPA and FCMA designations.

He has been certified as a CMA. He has taught CMA and CGA-accredited courses at Sheridan College for thirteen years. Takhar held senior financial positions with AGRA Industries Limited, Linear Technology Inc./Gennum Corporation, and Timex Canada Inc. He also served as an Associate Director and Chief Financial Officer of Peel Dtsricy School Board from 1994 to 2003. In addition, he also served as the president and chief executive officer of the Chalmers Group of Companies until his election to the Ontario legislature.

Takhar received the 2001 Community Service Award from the Society of Management Accountants of Ontario for "demonstrating selflessness and kindness for the benefit of society." He lives with his wife Balwinder and their two daughters in Mississauga.

Politics
Takhar ran in the 2003 provincial election as the Liberal candidate in the riding of Mississauga Centre. He defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent Rob Sampson by 2,620 votes. He ran again in 2007 in the redistributed riding of Mississauga—Erindale defeating PC candidate David Brown by 6,638 votes. He was re-elected in 2011. While it was initially reported that he intended to retire, he changed his mind about running and was re-elected in June 2014.

He was appointed Minister of Transportation on October 23, 2003, by Premier Dalton McGuinty. He is the first Indian-Canadian to hold a cabinet post in Ontario. In October 2007 he was appointed as a Minister of Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

In September 2008, Takhar was reappointed to a slightly revised cabinet post of Minister of Small Business and Consumer Services. In June 2009, Takhar's moved to the positions of Minister of Government Services.

He resigned from Cabinet in 2012 to stand as a candidate in the 2013 Liberal leadership convention to choose McGuinty's successor. Takhar ran a very focused campaign, put forward very innovative policies, and surprised everyone with the number of delegates he could secure to support his leadership bid. After the first round, he withdrew to endorse Sandra Pupatello, who went on to lose to Kathleen Wynne.

On February 11, 2013, Wynne reappointed Takhar to Minister of Government Services. Also, it made him the Management Board Chair. On May 8, 2013, he resigned from Cabinet after being hospitalized after he lost his mother.

He remained in the legislature as MPP until he decided not to seek reelection in June 2018. He currently serves as the Chairman/CEO of Chalmers Group of Companies based in Mississauga. He previously served as the Chairman of United Way of Peel and Chair of the Board of Credit Valley Hospital. He was also the founding member and president of the International Punjabi Chamber of Commerce. Takhar frequently appears on radio programs to express his views regarding political and economic issues and is a highly respected member of the South Asian community.

title: Harinder Takhar


text:
Category talk:Wikipedia collaborations

Good idea
Good idea, Oberiko (you thought of this, right?). This is very cool. pie4all88 20:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Wikipedia collaborations


text:
Talk:Berdyans'k

Berdyansk should be moved to Berdyans'k, but WP gives an error message. This page must be deleted before we can do the move. —Michael Z. 20:59, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC)

title: Talk:Berdyans'k


text: Category:Llano County, Texas

title: Category:Llano County, Texas


text:
Bünzen

Bünzen may refer to the following places:

 * in Switzerland
 * Bünzen, Aargau, in the Canton of Aargau

 * in Germany
 * Bünzen, Germany, a locality of Aukrug, Schleswig-Holstein

title: Bünzen


text:
User talk:FlorinI

Hi! I'm Florin. I live in Bucharest, Romania. Bună! Sunt Florin. Locuiesc în Bucure&, România.

Speedy deletion nomination of BucureÅŸti

A tag has been placed on BucureÅŸti, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to have no meaningful content or history, and the text is unsalvageably incoherent. If the page you created was a test, please use the sandbox for any other experiments you would like to do.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. - TheChampionMan1234 11:25, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:FlorinI


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Colobium sindonis

Colobium sindonis
Another deadender. The colobium sindonis (which exists) is a coronation shift, not a pillow; the Latin means nothing remotely like "bottom rest". The entry is patent nonsense; I'd insert the right info, except it's at best a Wiktionary entry. — Bill 21:02, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd say do exactly what you suggest (: — siro  χ  o  23:27, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * You're on; I'll wait about three/four more days and if nobody minds — I've put this on my watchlist — I'll write up the squib myself. — Bill 22:11, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Coombe, Kea

Coombe (Komm) is a village in Kea parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The village lies beside the River Fal approximately 2+1/2 mi south of Truro at.

Coombe lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

title: Coombe, Kea


text:
Talk:Athens, Georgia

Politics of Athens
I think it may be a good idea to add some information on the political environment in Athens. From what a quick google search, I found a couple different sources (AJC, Athens Politics Nerd, and Red and Black) commenting on the state of political affairs in ACC. I would say that these sources are trustworthy enough to add some overarching summary/analysis. --IanVG (talk) 13:37, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

Athens Sister Cities
Can someone look into whether Athens, Georgia is actually a sister city of Bucharest, Romania? On the Bucharest page, it lists multiple cities including Atlanta, Georgia and Athens, Greece. I think there's been a mix up because Athens, Georgia is not listed on the Bucharest page. Nrl103 (talk) 21:39, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Athens, Georgia


text:
Talk:Battle of Valmy

Untitled
napoleon was involved tooo

Seems highly unlikely. According to the brief summary of his early career in Chandler's "Campaigns of Napoleon" he spent the first half of September 1792 in Paris,arranging to be promoted to/ confirmed as both regular captain of artillery and lieutenant colonel of volunteers (his basic problem being that as a regular captain he should have been with his regiment at Valence, but his lieutenant colonelcy of volunteers was with the Ajaccio volunteers in Corsica). Chandler says he left Paris on Sept 17 heading for Corsica, which he reached in mid-October. If he had been at Valmy, I think he would not have hidden the fact later on in his career (and he would seem to have already had enough on his plate trying to be in 2 places at once)

Carlyle says Louis Phillipe was present as a serving officer on the French side (he certainly was serving under Dumouriez at the time, and was present at the Battle of Jemappes in November 1792)

Goethe was present and wrote a book on 'The Campaign in France' By his own account, when asked by some of Brunswick's soldiers after the battle what he thought it all meant he replied

"From this place and this time commences a new era in world history and you can all say that you were present at its birth"

Possibly the actual battle was superfluous ; Dumouriez had already won the campaign in the sense that disease and mud had put Brunswick into an untenable position. Short of the French army coming over to Brunswick en masse, or otherwise melting away, he would probably have had to retreat any way. But Valmy made sure of that; it also showed that faced with foreigners attempting to restore their King the French were more interested in repelling the invaders than in restoring the monarchy.

Could someone elaborate on why this is a turning point in the histroy of the world?

Intro: The Battle of __ was a battle
Instead of going back and forth on the intro, I thought I would just post comments. Basically, I think it is silly to have intro statements that basically say The Battle of X was a battle near X.. I suspect that most readers will realize that something named the Battle of X was in fact a military engagement, (although some explanation may be required when introducing the Battle of the Sexes or the Battle of the Network Stars. I think the current version says that the battle was an engagement, but I suspect that most readers already suspected that.

If you want to say that The BoV was imortant just say that. If you want to say that The BoV saved the French Revolution then say that. You don't have to add unnecessary redundancy to say the BoV was an important battle or the BoV was the battle that saved the French Revolution. And none of this is changed by saying that a battle is an engagement, or a conflict, or a melee, or a clash, although with less than 1000 casualties it might be more correct to say that The BoV was an indecisive skermish. The Gomm 01:34, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Need help
its just a small thing but i would like to know what way the duke turned when he turned to attack Dumouriez. its not really that important but it would make my assignment look better--58.166.146.211 (talk) 07:59, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite 1/11
A RefImprove template was placed on this article recently, and as I was working on gathering the sources I realized that most of this article had been copied or closely paraphrased from the 1910 Encyclopædia Britannica. Consequently, I've rewritten the article mostly from scratch. SteveStrummer (talk) 02:46, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Nice rewrite, particularly the referencing. I believe it's quite enough for the article to meet the criterion for B-class. It's not very long, but I believe it turns this into a strength, since it actually summarizes the most relevant aspects and consequences of the battle. There aren't that many decent articles out there that manage to do a good job without getting mired in minutiae.
 * Well done!
 * Peter Isotalo 18:08, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Valmy


text:
National Government (1935–1937)

The National Government of 1935–1937 was formed by Stanley Baldwin on his reappointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by King George V, following the resignation of Ramsay MacDonald in June 1935.

As a National Government it contained members of the Conservative Party, Liberal Nationals and National Labour, as well as a number of individuals who belonged to no political party. The Government oversaw the Edward VIII abdication crisis and three monarchs in 1936. In May 1937, Baldwin resigned and was replaced as Prime Minister by Neville Chamberlain.

List of ministers
Members of the Cabinet are in bold face.

title: National Government (1935–1937)