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Norrköping

Norrköping is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km east of county seat Linköping and 60 km west of the Södermanland capital of Nyköping. The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.

The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish).

History
The city has medieval foundations by settlers around the Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron.

The first trace of the city's name is from 1283, when Sophia of Denmark donated her rights of salmon fishing to the Skänninge monastery. The town is estimated to have received city status in the early 14th century, although no written documents exist prior to a document from 1384. This document, signed by Albrekt of Sweden is stored in the city archive today. Köping means there was a market there, while Nörr or Norr means "north". There is a smaller town nearby named Söderköping, or "South market".

The city was the location of several battles in the ensuing centuries. As a consequence, nothing of the medieval Norrköping remains today. During the Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570), the entire southern part of Norrköping was burnt. It was rebuilt by John III of Sweden, who designed the current street pattern.

In 1618, a weapon industry was established by supervision of Gustavus Adolphus. The harbour also attracted ships due to its proximity to the industries of Finspång. In addition to the weapon industry, a large scale industry of textile was also initiated. An important benefactor was the industrial man Louis De Geer (1587–1652). At De Geer's death, Norrköping had 6,000 inhabitants and was Sweden's second largest city.

The city again burnt in 1655, and again in 1719 during the Russian Pillage of 1719-21 when the Russians burnt it to the ground. Stones from the Johannisborg castle were used to build new houses, and today only a few stones remain.

During the 18th century it was rebuilt and several industries soon got a stronghold: In the 1740s, Norrköping boasted three sugar refineries; in the 1750s the large scale influential snus industry was established. From this time stems the city churches of Saint Olof and Saint Hedvig, and several other old houses. In 1762, the first theater in Sweden outside of Stockholm was established in the city, the Egges Teater. Norrköping's importance again flourished. In 1769 the Swedish Riksdag assembled there. In 1800 King Gustav IV of Sweden was crowned in the Church of Saint Olof.

In the later 18th and early 19th Centuries, Norrköping was one of the three Swedish cities where Jews were allowed to live (see History of the Jews in Sweden).

The city again suffered fires in 1822 and 1826. Thereafter wooden houses were banned. In 1841 a ship industry was initiated as a branch of Motala Verkstad in Motala. In 1850 the industry had over 600 employees making it Sweden's largest ship industry at the time. During the remaining 19th century, the industries kept expanding. The area by the Motala Stream was developed further with the construction of a cotton refinery, and a paper mill was constructed in 1854, specializing in newspaper, and is still today exporting to customers around the world.

The industry, including textile manufacturers, also expanded into the 20th century. In 1950 a total of 54 factories had 6,600 employees in town. By 1956, however, 18 of them had been closed due to competition from countries abroad with lower wages, such as Italy and Japan. In 1970 only 10 factories and 1,200 employees remained. In that year, the renowned Holmen paper mill, with its 350 years long history, announced closure, and another 900 people were let go. To counter the effects, several governmental authorities were relocated to Norrköping from Stockholm. See also Braviken Paper Mill.

As of 2002, Norrköping is now seeing a revival, as a center of culture and education. The Norrköping symbol represents the "new" Norrköping.

Main sights
The Motala ström river flows through the city has a parade annexed. In connection to the latter is the industrial landscape where the old textile industries once were situated.

In the summer, there is a cactus plantation in Carl Johans Park. 25,000 cacti planted there every summer.

Kolmårdens Djurpark is a zoo located 30 km north of Norrköping. In connection to the large outdoor zoo, there is also Tropicariet, an aquarium, where for example snakes, crocodiles and sharks can be seen.

The archipelagos 50 km away from Norrköping are called St Anna and Gryt.

Other locations of note includes a campus of Linköping University, its own symphonic orchestra, an airport called Kungsängen with 170,000 traveling (2006), a high-tech industry park called Norrköping Science Park, and Petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age.

Climate
Norrköping had a humid continental climate (Dfb) for the reference period of 1961–1990, but it was borderline four-season oceanic (Cfb) during that period and has since more resembled the latter, with somewhat warmer temperatures year-round. In spite of it being located near the Baltic Sea, Norrköping has a relatively dry climate with precipitation levels averaging 508.2 mm between 1961 and 1990. That would in turn be very low for a marine climate, but some way above more arid climates. The humidity for most of the year combined with there being no pronounced dry season keeps the surroundings green in spite of the rain shadow effect. Winter precipitation is quite low, but often falls as snow. On August 26, 2016, Norrköping set a nationwide record for the hottest temperature in the latter parts of August with 32.7 C during a sudden and brief burst of extreme heat. The warmest temperature on record was set in July 2022 with 35.6 C.

Notable natives

 * Thecla Åhlander – stage and film actress
 * Hannes Alfvén – physicist, Nobel Prize winner
 * Joannes Olaus Alnander – 18th Century author
 * Johannes Årsjö – heavy weight champion
 * Malin Baryard – Olympic equestrian
 * Amy Diamond – singer
 * Eldkvarn – music group
 * Eva Gothlin – historian
 * Elin Grindemyr – model
 * Peter Harryson – actor, entertainer
 * Ove Kindvall - soccer player
 * Markus Krunegård – solo singer and member of Laakso
 * Laakso – music group
 * Charlotta Löfgren – poet
 * Mats Löfving – police chief
 * Fredrik Lundberg – entrepreneur
 * Herman Theodor Lundgren – entrepreneur
 * Marduk – music group
 * Moa Martinson – author
 * Ture Nerman – poet and socialist politician
 * Christoffer Nyman - professional footballer
 * Betty Olsson - suffragist and peace activist
 * Magnus Pääjärvi-Svensson – NHL hockey player
 * Slagsmålsklubben – electronic popgroup
 * Carl Swartz – former prime minister
 * Jeffery Taylor – basketball player
 * Michael B. Tretow – producer and audio engineer
 * Pernilla Wiberg – alpine skier, double Olympic gold medalist
 * 23 Till – music group

Sports

 * HC Vita Hästen (Ice hockey)
 * IFK Norrköping (Association football)
 * Norrköping Dolphins (Basketball)
 * Norrköpings KK (Swimming), who swim at the Medley Centralbadet.
 * NRK Troján (Rugby)

Speedway
 * Motorcycle speedway takes place at the Norrköping Motorstadion, the stadium hosts the speedway team Vargarna. The team participate in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship and are six times champions of Sweden, they raced at one former venue; the old Norrköping Motorstadion in Dagsbergsfältet (the site of the modern day Medley Centralbadet) from 1948 to 1963. The Dagsbergsfältet track staged a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1954.

Government agencies
As part of the Swedish government decentralisation policies of the 1960s and 1970s, a number of government agencies saw their national headquarters relocated from Stockholm to other parts of the country. A government inquiry suggested in 1970 that six such agencies should be relocated to Norrköping, with a particular focus on maritime and aviation transport and related services.

After parliamentary debate, five agencies were established in Norrköping over a period of years in the early 1970s. While reorganized, restructured and renamed, in general, the same agencies are still headquartered in Norrköping, namely:

 * Air Navigation Services of Sweden
 * Swedish Maritime Administration
 * Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
 * Swedish Migration Agency
 * Swedish Prison and Probation Service

The establishment of government agencies in Norrköping was partly understood as a response to the decline in the textile industry, which had struck Norrköping hard in the 1960s. The city needed new jobs. The relocation of government jobs, however, also meant a major shift in the structure of the city labour market. Unqualified or highly structured industrial work in the private sector was replaced by more than 1 400 qualified and independent work positions in the public sector.

At a later point, the Norrköping cluster of transport authorities was augmented by one more:

 * Swedish Transport Agency (Transportstyrelsen)

In 1997, a state university also opened a subsidiary campus in Norrköping, again, relating to the industry changes and being an important part of the government response to unemployment and labour market policy. Although not a headquarter, it is the seventh government agency stationed in Norrköping, and with more than 5 000 students on campus it is a major hub of activities in the city.

 * Linköping University, Campus Norrköping

Logistics and Infrastructure
With a deep sea harbour, a position on the Southern Main Line railway, Norrköping Airport and being the intersection of European route E4 and European route E22, Norrköping is particularly well situated for logistics related business. This is further underlined by the presence of three transport related government agencies, the national weather services and Linköping University transports and logistics research and education programmes in place.

Norrköping is highly involved in the East Link, Ostlänken, which will increase travel speed and freight capacity on the Southern Main Line. As preparation, the Kardonbanan freight feeder line from Norrköping Harbour to the Southern Main Line was inaugurated in February 2021. A new freight railway terminal and a relocation of Norrköping Central Station is currently being studied.

Norrköping is one of two Swedish cities (the other being Gothenburg) that retained its tram system after the 1967 conversion to right-hand drive, see Norrköping Tramway.

Film and Visualization
From the 1960's, the municipality film club Harlekin is hosted at the Norrköping Museum of Arts, before being established as Cnema in 2010, neighbouring Visualization Center C and Linköping University. The latter provide research in visualization and 3D technique as well as interactive experiences in an 8K 3D dome cinema.

The film collective Crazy Pictures, founded in 2008, is based in Norrköping, and has produced its two full length feature films The Unthinkable (Den Blomstertid nu kommer, 2018) and UFO Sweden in Norrköping.

Author Emelie Schepp has her crime novels centering in and around Norrköping, with Jana Berzelius of the Norrköping Public Prosecution Area Office as the main charachter. The 2024 crime drama Jana: Marked for Life based on Schepp's novel with the same name, was filmed in Norrköping.

Museums
Norrköpings konstmuseum (Norrköping Museum of Art) focusing on Swedish modernism and contemporary art. The museum building is designed by city architect Kurt von Schmalensee, situated at Kristinaplatsen next to the City Library. It was founded by a private donation in 1901, and is operated by Norrköping municipality.

Norrköpings stadsmuseum, founded in 1981, tells the history of the city with a focus on its industrial history. Situated in the old industrial quarter on the river Strömmen, the permanent expositions describes the development of Norrköping from Bronze Age to the early 17th century industrial era. The museum is also curator of numerous Bronze Age petroglyphs and ancient monuments situated in and around the city.

Next to Norrköpings stadsmuseum, the Museum of Work (Arbetets museum) is located in iconic building Strykjärnet, a former weaving mill operated by Holmens Bruk until 1962. The museum documents work and everyday life by collecting personal stories about people's professional lives. Since 2009, the museum also houses the EWK – Center for Political Illustration Art, based on the work of satirist Ewert Karlsson. The museum is operated by a charity established by national trade union centers LO and TCO, two popular education organizations and the consumer cooperative KF.

Ståhl Collection opened in october 2020, and hosts the private collection of local housing magnate Mikael Ståhl. The museum is located in the old industrial area of Norrköping city centre, and mainly features paintings and sculptures, from the 1950's to contemporary works. Ståhl commenced his collection in 1981. The museum is privately held and operated.

Music
The Norrköping Symphony Orchestra (Norrköpings symfoniorkester, SON) is a professional symphony orchestra, consisting of 85 musicians and based at the concert hall De Geerhallen, in the city center.

Theatre
Norrköping has a long theatre and revue tradition, with East Gothland Theatre, opened in 1908, being Sweden's biggest regional theatre.

Egges Theatre hosting the first Scandinavian performance of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet in 1776.

Arbisteatern, dating from 1865, takes its name from Norrköpings Arbetareförenings teater, meaning The theatre of Norrköping's worker society. A 2016 Swedish drama/documentary, Sextemplet (Sex Temple), tells the story of Arbisteatern as a burlesque stage in the 2010's.

title: Norrköping


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Category:Old World monkeys

The list of Old World monkeys articles should be checked for other articles not listed here.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Old World monkeys


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Motala

Motala is a locality and the seat of Motala Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 29,823 inhabitants (41,956 in the entire municipality) in 2010. It is the third largest city of Östergötland, following Linköping and Norrköping. Motala is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Vättern and is regarded as the main centre of both the Göta Canal and the surrounding lake region.

History

Motala Church dates from the 13th century. For several centuries, Motala remained a small village, mainly regarded as a stopping post on the road to the nearby town of Vadstena, one of the cultural centres of medieval Sweden. However, King Gustav Vasa had a manor house built at Motala and later Queen Kristina had a summer residence built at the spa resort of Medevi, 20 km north of the town.

When the Göta Canal was built in the early 19th century, Motala became an important town for the trade on the canal. The builder of the canal, Baltzar von Platen, has his grave beside it. The town received the minor privilege status of köping in 1823, while full city rights were granted as of April 1, 1881. With the Swedish municipal reform of 1971, Motala became the seat of Motala Municipality.

Motala Verkstad is an engineering company specialising in bridge and railway construction equipment. In the 1870 science fiction novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas by Jules Verne, the prow of the submarine Nautilus was built at Motala Verkstad. Later major Swedish industrial manufacturers such as Electrolux and Luxor had their main factories built in the city.

In 1963, Tetra Pak installed the first Tetra Brik packaging machine in Motala.

Climate
Motala has a temperate climate. Lake Vättern provides Motala with slightly cooler summers and milder winters compared to areas of inner Östergötland (±0.5 - 0.9 C-change compared to the nearby city of Linköping ). The warmest month is July with an average daily mean temperature at 16.4 C, and an average daytime temperature at 21.6 C. The coldest month is February with an average daily mean at -3.3 C, and an average daytime temperature at +0.1 C. Record temperatures between 1961 and 1990, as registered by Motala Kraftverk weather station, reaches from -26.3 C in February 1985 to 32.6 C in August 1975. The most recent data is from Swedish Armed Forces' weather station located approximately 30 km north-east of the city centre. Its inland position renders greater diurnal temperature difference. In addition the geographic location makes seasonal lag is less visible compared to station located near Vättern. Motala generally experiences much rainfall, with the wettest month being August with an average of 71 mm of rain. The driest month is March, with an average of 29 mm of rain.

Longwave radio
Another important episode of Motala history began in 1927, when the Swedish national Motala longwave transmitter station was built. The town marks the middle of a straight line between Sweden's two biggest cities, Stockholm and Gothenburg. Radio programs were transferred from studios in Stockholm to Motala by telephone wire. The call was "Stockholm-Motala". The transmitter operated on 191 kHz until 1962, when the transmissions were moved to Orlunda. Since 1991 there have been no longwave transmissions at all by the Swedish Broadcasting Company, but the Motala transmitter, which is a museum today, sometimes makes low power transmissions which may only be received in the Motala area.

At Ervasteby, near Motala, there is a 332 m tall guyed mast, used for FM- and TV-broadcasting.

Some years before the broadcasting station was established the Luxor company was founded in Motala. Luxor soon became one of the largest radio and later television manufacturers in Sweden. In the 1980s Luxor started producing their own line of computers, like the ABC 80. In 1985 Luxor was acquired by Nokia, and eventually production moved elsewhere.

Main sights
For sights surrounding Motala, see Motala Municipality.
 * The Motala Motor Museum (site) contains cars and many hundreds of other period pieces, including motorbikes, racing cars, radios, record players, tools, and many, many, other objects from the first 70 or so years of the 20th century.
 * The Swedish Broadcasting Museum with the twin radio towers.
 * The Göta Canal with locks.
 * The old Motala Works with museums and exhibitions in historical buildings.
 * Motala Church, dating back to the 13th Century.
 * Motala Museum at Charlottenborg Castle.
 * Varamon beach.
 * Baltzar Von Platen's gravesite, located along the Göta Canal

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Motala:

 * BK Zeros (football)
 * IFK Motala (bandy)
 * Motala AIF (football)
 * Piraterna (speedway), who race at the Motala Arena
 * Motala Segelsällskap

Archaeogenetics
A November 2015 genetic study published in Nature included an analysis of six hunter-gatherers buried at Motala between ca. 6000 BC and 5700 BC. Of the four males surveyed, three carried the paternal haplogroup I2a1 or various subclades of it, while the other carried I2c. With regards to mtDNA, four individuals carried subclades of U5a, while two carried U2e1.

Notable people

 * Alexander Bard, musician and political activist
 * Torbjörn Caspersson (1910–1997), cytogeneticist
 * Sophia Isberg (1819–1875), artist
 * Helena Kallenbäck, actress
 * Hanna Lindblad, musical artist and singer
 * Andreas Norlén, politician and Speaker of the Riksdag since 2018
 * Ilmar Reepalu, politician
 * Åsa Regnér, politician
 * Agnes Sandström (1887–1985), Titanic survivor
 * Lars Stjernkvist, politician
 * Fredrik Virtanen, journalist
 * Baltzar von Platen (1766–1829), statesman and founder of Göta Kanal
 * Owe Wiktorin, Swedish Air Force officer, previous Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces

title: Motala


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Mjölby

Mjölby is a city and the seat of Mjölby Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 12,245 inhabitants in 2010.

Mjölby is located by the rivulet Svartån. The name Mjölby is derived from Mölloby, which comes from mylna or mölna, meaning 'mill'. Due to the rapids of Svartån and the fertile soils of the surrounding plains, Mjölby is a natural place for a mill.

During the Dacke War in 1542–1543 Mjölby was the northernmost point reached by the rebels from Småland.

Main attractions

 * Skogsjöområdets Naturreservat (Nature reserve and camping)
 * Mjölby Hembygdsförening Donationsmedel (Park and garden)
 * Runestones of Högby (Historical landmark)
 * Örbackens kalkkärr (National reserve)
 * Galleria kvarnen (Shopping mall)
 * Stadsparken (Park)
 * Potatisrondellen (A potato roundabout)

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Mjölby:

 * Mjölby AI FF
 * Mjölby HC
 * Mjölby Södra IF
 * Mjölby Allmänna Ryttarsällskap
 * Mjölby Ridklubb
 * Mjölby IBK (Black bears)

Twinnings

 * 🇫🇮 Hankasalmi, Finland

title: Mjölby


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Boxholm

Boxholm (,, traditionally also , ) is a locality and the seat of Boxholm Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 3,194 inhabitants in 2010.

Economy
Steel production company Ovako has a production site in Boxholm with approximately 200 employees.

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Boxholm:

 * Boxholms IF

title: Boxholm


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Leinefelde-Worbis

Leinefelde-Worbis is a town in the district of Eichsfeld, in northwestern Thuringia, Germany. The town was formed on March 16, 2004, from the former independent towns Leinefelde and Worbis along with the municipalities of Breitenbach and Wintzingerode. In July 2018 the former municipality of Hundeshagen, and in January 2019 Kallmerode was merged into Leinefelde-Worbis. The population before the amalgamation was 14,387 for Leinefelde, 5,541 for Worbis, 1,021 for Breitenbach and 614 for Wintzingerode. The 10 parts of Leinefelde-Worbis are Leinefelde, Worbis, Breitenbach, Kirchohmfeld, Birkungen, Beuren, Hundeshagen, Kaltohmfeld, Wintzingrode, Kallmerode and Breitenholz.

Transport
Leinefelde station is located on the Halle–Hann. Münden and the Gotha–Leinefelde railways.

Bear sanctuary
Since 1997 Worbis has become known for its bear sanctuary, the Alternativer Bärenpark Worbis, which is operated by the German animal welfare organisation Stiftung für Bären – Wildtier- und Artenschutz.

Museums

The Borderland Museum Eichsfeld, a Cold War history museum located only a few miles away from Leinefelde-Worbis, presents different topics of the history of the German division and the GDR on an area of 1,000 squaremetres. The exhibition is displayed in both German and English.

People
Leinefelde is the birthplace of Johann Carl Fuhlrott, the discoverer of Neanderthal man. It is also the birthplace of Johannes Krause, who determined the Denisovan are a distinct line of homo distinct from modern humans and Neanderthals. Fuhlrott and Krause, born nearly 180 years apart, were also professors at the University of Tübingen.

Worbis is the birthplace of Bernard Quaritch (1819-1899), the London second-hand bookseller and publisher, and of Barbara Saß-Viehweger (born 1943), a German politician, lawyer and civil law notary.

title: Leinefelde-Worbis


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Cloyne

Cloyne is a village located to the southeast of Midleton in eastern County Cork. It is also a see city of the Anglican (Church of Ireland) Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, while also giving its name to a Roman Catholic diocese. St Colman's Cathedral in Cloyne is a cathedral church of the Church of Ireland while the Pro Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne, Cobh Cathedral of Saint Colman, overlooks Cork Harbour. Cloyne is within the Cork East Dáil constituency.

History
The first evidence of settlement in Cloyne is a 4000-year-old portal dolmen that lies to the West of the town. The bishopric of Cloyne was founded by St. Colman Mac Léníne, (530–606 A.D.) as his principal monastery in the sixth century. The origin legend Conall Corc and the Corco Loígde claims that the land for the foundation of the monastery was not given by the local king, but by Coirpre mac Crimthainn (d. c. 580 A.D.), who was king of Munster from the Eóganacht Glendamnach:
 * Coirpre mac Crimthainn it was who gave Cloyne to God and to Colman mac Colcon who is also called Mac Lénéne and Aired Cechtraige and Cell Náile. Because of this they [the Eoganacht Glendamnach] are entitled to secular rule.

The Danes plundered Cloyne in 822, 824 and again in 885 when, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, the Abbot and Prior of the monastery were killed. The Annals of Inisfallen mention that in 978 A.D. the people of Ossory plundered Cloyne and that in 1088 A.D. Diarmait Ua Briain devastated it. Cloyne was recognised as a diocese at the Synod of Kells in 1152. The only major action of the Irish War of Independence in Cloyne was on 4 May 1920 when Irish Republican Army volunteers of the Fourth Battalion attacked the local Royal Irish Constabulary barracks. The volunteers at first failed to gain entry but succeed in setting fire to the building, which resulted in the entire surrender of the garrison. The prisoners had their hands tied before being ordered to march the road to Midleton while the flying column made their escape.

Climate and geography
Cloyne is situated approximately 7.6 kilometres from the major town of Midleton. The town is located at the bottom of a valley and is surrounded by large hills to the North and South as well as the Celtic Sea to the East and Cork Harbour to the West.

Being only 2 miles (3.2 km) from Cork harbour and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the open ocean, Cloyne has a mild climate with few extremes of temperature. The highest recorded temperature was 31.1 °C (88.0 °F), on 3 August 1995 and the lowest was −7.1 °C (19.2 °F), recorded on 2 January 1979 and also on 13 January 1987.

The climate of Cloyne is mild all year round, with an average of only six days of frost each year. Snow is almost unknown, with notable exceptions in March 1993, January 2010, and Storm Emma in March 2018. 2010 was also one of the frostiest years recorded for the Cloyne area, with 62 days recording an air frost, over 10 times the average.

Rainfall averages around 1041 mm (41.5 in) per annum, with the wettest weather usually occurring between October and January. The driest year ever recorded was in 1975 when 583.7 mm fell, while the wettest was in 2009 with 1433.4 mm.

Places of interest
Cloyne has a round tower which is the town's symbol. The tower dates back to about 560 A.D. when St. Colman founded his monastery. In 1749 a lightning strike caused some damage to the top of the tower. There is also ruins of a Norman watchtower on a hill overlooking the town. The Church of Ireland in Cloyne, St. Colman's Cathedral, was first founded in 1250 AD. The local Roman Catholic church, St. Colmans, was built in 1815 and celebrates Mass every day of the week.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census, people of Irish ethnicity make up 86.2% of the population with mostly Polish and British people making up the rest. In terms of religion, 87% of Cloyne's population are Roman Catholic, 7% belong to other religions (e.g. Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, Islam) and 6% state no religion. 601 persons could speak the Irish language and 71 people could speak Polish.

Economy
The land around Cloyne is rich and fertile, being mainly of limestone base. This makes it suitable for agriculture, with many acres of wheat and barley harvested each year. The underlying limestone rock also gives rise to a network of caves under and to the south of the town. Cloyne Cave, which is the biggest in County Cork, is estimated to be up to 7 km long. A section of the main street collapsed into the caves during the 20th century. The cave is accessible from the grounds of Cloyne House on Rock Street. (Permission must be sought from the owner as these are private grounds). The town has a number of pubs and small shops in the centre of town while there is also a Thai and traditional Irish restaurant in the town.

Notable people

 * George Berkeley (1685–1753), the Anglo-Irish philosopher, was the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne from 1734 until his retirement in 1752. There is a monument to him in the north transept of Cloyne Cathedral. One year after arriving in Cloyne, he wrote The Querist, the first of three volumes containing questions on the social and economic problems of Ireland. He was known in Cloyne as a dedicated pastor as well as a scholar, who personally ministered to the sick and destitute of the parish.
 * Nicholas Joseph Clayton (1840–1916), a Victorian-era architect based in Texas, was born in Cloyne. He moved, with his widowed mother, to the United States in the 1840s and eventually to Galveston, Texas. The historic district of Galveston features a number of Clayton's buildings that have survived the ravages of storms and fires through the years.
 * Cynthia Longfield (1896–1991), an entomologist and explorer, was born and lived in Cloyne up until her death in 1991. She also served as a driver in the Royal Army Service Corps during World War I, and is buried in Cloyne Cathedral.
 * Sir John Madden (1844–1918), a judge and politician in Australia, was born in Cloyne. He emigrated to Australia with his family in 1857 and served as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria before his death in 1918.
 * Christy Ring (1920–1979), the noted Cork hurler, was born and grew up in Cloyne where he learned to hurl before joining Glen Rovers in Cork city. He is buried in Cloyne and is also commemorated locally by a statue.
 * Several modern-day hurlers with the Cork senior hurling team, including Dónal Óg Cusack (b.1977), Diarmuid "The Rock" O'Sullivan (b.1978) and his brother Paudie O'Sullivan (b.1988), are from Cloyne.

Education
The local primary school is St. Colman's National School.

Sport
Cloyne GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club. They play in the traditional kit of red and black stripes. The club has two grounds known locally as the "old" and "new" pitches.

Churchvilla FC is the local soccer club. The club was formed in 1968 and has since grown to 150 players in both juvenile and senior teams.

title: Cloyne


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Talk:Dr. Michael M. Krop Senior High School

Untitled
For an October 2004 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Dr. Michael M. Krop High School

BEFFSTEW school article scoring system
User:Dpbsmith proposed the following scoring system. I will work on getting a perfect 10.--AAAAA 16:00, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * After reading it in detail, I believe I can only gain the "E" point. School is too new to have an "F" (notable alumni) and I have not seen a "G" (national media story) yet.  So I guess I will settle for an 8 score.--AAAAA 16:03, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

BEEFSTEW Basic Education Evaluation Form and Standardized Test for Evaluating Worthiness

For use on articles on high schools, particularly those listed on VfD. This scoring system represents my personal opinion and nothing more. I will be using it in future in order to make sure that my own evaluations of high school articles are as objective and consistent as possible

Each "yes" answer counts one point.

A) Is the article more than two sentences long? B) Does the article contain at least one coherent paragraph of text (other than list items)? C) Is the article more than 2000 bytes long? D) Does the article contain at least three facts that are not on the following list:
 * The school's name, address, telephone number, website.
 * The school's current enrollment
 * The name of the school's principal.
 * The school district to which it belong.
 * The school colors, school mascot, and name of one athletic team.

E) Does the article include a photograph of the school? F) Does the article list at least one alumnus notable enough to be the subject of a Wikipedia article? G) Does the article mention a regional or national news story that mentions the school? (Not descriptions of athletic events in local media) H) Besides F and G, does the article make a serious effort to establish the school's notability and describe some distinct things about it that distinguish it from other schools? I) Would an alumnus of the school, reading the article, be pleased at how knowledgeable the article was? J) Could a teacher learn anything relevant to a job search by reading this article?

Scoring examples:

Stone Valley Middle School is a public Middle School located in Alamo, CA. Contact information: 3001 Miranda Avenue

Alamo, CA 94507 Phone: (925) 552-5640 Principal: Shaun McElroy Website: Stone Valley Middle School Homepage

 * Score 1 (item A)

Early version of Dr. Michael H. Krop High School
 * Score 3 (items A, B, D)

Improved version of Dr. Michael H. Krop High School
 * Score 7 (items A, B, C, D, H, I, J)

Montgomery Bell Academy Montgomery Bell Academy
 * '''Score 8 (items A, B, C, D, G ("Dead Poets Society"), H, I, J)

Moanalua High School
 * '''Score 9 (items A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J)

6.5 GPA?
Maybe add a GPA explanation for those of us only familiar with a 4 point system. Posiduck 12:39, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Changes that should be made...
Some of this article includes a lot of non-important information, as well as a lot of information that would need to be updated frequently, etc. Since AAAAA knows more about this school than anyone, I'll just list the suggestions here and let him incorporate them as he sees fit. These items are listed in the order they occur in the article:
 * Formatting/style issues:

 * You need to wikify a lot of the links, such as dates and organizations (American Red Cross, etc.).
 * Will do.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Done.--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Too many words are capitalized, such as "Orthodontist", "Magnet school".
 * Will work on it.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Done, at least what I noticed. Anybody else that finds something that needs to be correctedt, please do--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * TOC occurs too late, should probably occur right after the first line
 * Sorry for my ignorance, but what's TOC?--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Wanders close to POV with the paragraph starting "Every year students from ..."
 * How would you change it?--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Headings have too many capitalized letters in them as well
 * Will work on it.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Sometimes the school is called "Michael Crop" -- this should be "Krop"
 * Did not notice. Will work on it.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Corrected.--AAAAA 00:49, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * For each of the awards and achievements there doesn't need to be a subheading -- most of this stuff can probably be put in paragraphs.
 * Probably, but when I started adding them piece by piece they did not look cluttered.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Notability issues:
 * % of students with free/reduced price lunch is not important
 * Will delete.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Deleted.--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * % of students who were absent is not important
 * Will delete.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Deleted--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Achievements & awards is WAY too big. People winning large national awards should be mentioned.  Teams that win should be mentioned, but mentioning each name of the "Florida Forensic League Varsity State Champion Team" is just too much.  A student who got 10th place in a local math competition isn't notable.  Valedictorians and salutatorians aren't notable.  A student who got a scholarship (unless it was from like Intel talent search or some other VERY large and notable competition) shouldn't be mentioned.
 * Will work on it. Before I started adding them, some of the DELETE votes suggested I add any type of achievements or awards to make the article more "notable".  I guess I overextended.--AAAAA 00:26, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I will leave it like this for now, but will invite some students to comment/modify.--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The article is a bit bloated, but if you make the above changes it should be nice, concise, and appropriate. For example of a very notable high school on a national level see DuPont Manual Magnet High School.  It's a short article, but it's good.  I didn't go there, but I know that it's famous.CryptoDerk 23:46, Sep 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * You are right. But I think it's easier to work "down" on a bloated article than to work "up" when the article is stilly a "baby" with not much info.  Also, I am counting on other people to improve/modify/delete.
 * Will keep working on it. I guess the article will improve even more in the next 30 days.--AAAAA 00:41, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Cleanup
This article is quite extensive, but it contains a good deal of non-notable material, such as names of individual students, small awards that individual students or faculty won, etc. My changes have repeatedly been reverted, so I'm trying to open up discussion here. See WP:PJSCH for suggestions on school articles. Cheers. --BaronLarf 13:26, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't normally follow this article but came across it in another place. I think taking it back to what is suggested in WikiProject Schools and dropping most of the other headings would be a good place to start the cleanup.  Then for the data that is left someone needs to ask are the events and the people really notable?  If not delete.     Vegaswikian 18:25, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that "notability" is a subjective term, and the supposed lack of it should not be used to "destroy" this or any other article. I believe that an article on a high school should contain information for "related" readers and "casual" readers.  For the casual reader, a lot of information might not be "notable" or relevant, but for the "related" reader (student, ex-student, parent, teacher or anybody that knows the school or has some special interest on it), it can and should contain more specific information about achievements & awards, top students, etc.  Of course, with time, as more information accumulates, it could be slowly condensed leaving only the most important facts.  It took a lot of time to put together all the bits and pieces of information.  I don't think the article deserves to have wholesale changes done to it.  It is so difficult and time consuming to create and so easy to delete mountains of data with one click...--AAAAA 04:49, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * To add a little more on the thought...The idea is that a prospective parent can quickly see the boundaries of attendance to know if he/she can get his child in this school; a prospective student can quickly see something interesting in a particular sport or field; ex-students can check who was the valedictorian in xxxx year, etc, etc. What might not be interesting for some people, can be interesting for others.--AAAAA 04:55, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I think it needs to be rewritten using the info already in the article. It reads like an unorganized essay... and it tends to ramble. Also, its introduction is a mess, and its first setence is a horrible introductory sentence! PRueda29 20:08, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * "Clean-up" should not be a "Destroy-up". If you read the discussion that took place when the article was going to be deleted, you would see that the information removed by User:PRueda29 was actually the one that SAVED the article from deletion.

Recently? Need to be a bit more specific.
"The Miami-Dade and Broward School districts have recently decided to allow students living near Krop and in Broward County to optionally cross over into the district and attend Krop if they wish, though this only affects students in the immediate area surrounding the school."

"Top Students" section and other NN sections
Four times now other editors or myself have attempted to remove the top students section as being non-notable, a privacy violation and part of WP:NOT an indiscriminate collection of information. These sections should be removed along with large non-notable portions of other sections, including: "Achievements & awards", "News archive", and the staff list under "The Lightning Strike Newspaper". Similarly, when gems such as "The cremony included" are found in the article, it is difficult to claim that cleanup is not necessary. Finally, please consider WP:OWN with regards to this article. — Scm83x hook 'em 23:06, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I have removed most of the nonsense vanity from the article; I fully support what Scm83x says above about WP:NOT, and will revert any re-addition of information about individuals' achievements. If this information were written in individual articles for the students, they would be deleted without complaint, and so writing about them in the school article is an attempt to exploit a loophole. See Adrian Khoo for a similar example. As for all the internal school cruft, look at this edit to see that this junk isn't acceptable in any school article, but unfortunately is quite common. Thanks. Harr o 5 23:21, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I have restored the News Archive part, which I think should stay as a whole. Feel free to replace all names you find there with "a student" or something like that, to elminate what you call vanity.--AAAAA 03:22, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

Attendance boundary
WhisperToMe (talk) 05:34, 30 March 2012 (UTC) :( WhisperToMe (talk) 23:00, 3 January 2016 (UTC)
 * http://74.53.27.98/~mkhscom/Activities%20Files/D078.91.pdf

Haitian name
WhisperToMe (talk) 22:44, 3 January 2016 (UTC)
 * From: http://news.dadeschools.net/releases/rls12/cr_rls/357_krop.html - "Lekòl Segondè Dtè. Michael M. Krop"

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text:
Landskrona

Landskrona is a town in Scania, Sweden. Located on the shores of the Öresund, it occupies a natural port, which has lent the town at first military and subsequent commercial significance. Ferries operate from Landskrona to the island of Ven, and for many years there was also a connection to Copenhagen. Landskrona is part of the Øresund region.

It is the seat of Landskrona Municipality. Landskrona is also the name of a district in Landskrona Municipality which is slightly smaller than the urban area.

History

The city of Landskrona is usually claimed to have been founded in 1413 by the King of Denmark, Eric of Pomerania, as a trading city intended to compete with Danish towns under the control of the Hanseatic League. There is, however, evidence found in the Danish National Archive, which mention the town by the name "Landzcrone" already in 1405.

The site occupies one of a few natural harbours in Scania, which at that time was part of Denmark. At the time of foundation, the site held a fishing settlement named Sønder Sæby. The original name of the officially founded town was Landszcrone, which changed to Landskrone sometime before 1450.

A Carmelite monastery was founded in 1410, English merchants were granted the privileges in a royal charter in 1412, and the town itself was chartered in 1413. The monastery was closed by King Christian III after the reformation, but survives in the name of the street "Karmelitergatan".

Construction of Landskrona Citadel started in the 1540s under the orders of Christian III. The castle was completed in 1559, and consisted of a fortress with a surrounding wall and moat. A huge system of moats was constructed around the castle over the centuries; parts of four of the moats survive. Sweden's second, and oldest surviving, allotment area is located in the northern part of the citadel.

The town supported the king Christian II in 1525, and opposed the Reformation in Denmark (1535); in both cases it found itself on the losing side. The reformist king Christian III of Denmark opted not to retaliate against the town, and instead founded a castle to protect the harbour. The castle, built where the monastery had been situated until the Reformation, was completed by 1559.

After Scania was ceded to the Swedish Crown in 1658, the good harbour and strong fort motivated plans to make Landskrona a commercial center of the acquired territory, with extraordinary privileges for foreign trade. The castle was reinforced by bastions, and the area inside the moats extended to 400x400 meters. The castle was considered the strongest and most modern in Scandinavia, but was temporarily lost to the Danes after a comparably short siege lasting from July 8 to August 2, 1676. The commandant, Colonel Hieronymus Lindeberg, was consequently sentenced to death for high treason. During the Danish reconquest in 1676–1679, Landskrona Citadel constituted a mobilisation centre for formal enlistment of pro-Danish guerrilla fighters.

In 1753 the Swedish military commander feared that the tower of Sancti Johannis Baptistae church could be a threat to the citadel and demanded the demolition of the church. Even though the cornerstone of the new Sofia Albertina Church was laid the following year, it was not inaugurated until 1788, and was finally completed in 1812. Unusually for a church that is not a diocesan seat, the new church was built with two towers, possibly in compensation for its much larger medieval predecessor.

Landskrona's military importance declined after the 18th century. The continued Swedish–Danish wars led to Karlskrona replacing Landskrona as a naval base, as it is located at a safer distance from Denmark. Although the fortifications at Landskrona were expanded considerably between 1747 and 1788, they were condemned in 1822, whereafter the garrison was abolished in 1869. The last military regiment, Skånska Husarregimentet, K5 was renamed and moved from Landskrona to Uppsala in 1926. Today the walls and moats of the fortifications of Landskrona Citadel are a recreational area and the castle holds a museum. On the northern side, an allotment-garden area of cottages was founded in the final years of the 19th century, and is today the oldest of its kind in Sweden. The military's large exercise field became a public heath, today called "Exercisfältet" or "Exan".

The town grew quickly after the industrial revolution and the subsequent urbanization. During the First World War, a large shipyard, Öresundsvarvet, was constructed. In the mid-1970s the shipyard employed more than 3,500 people, in a town with only 30,000 inhabitants. The shipyard was closed down in stages from the late 1970s, finally closing in 1983.

On 14 May 1919 the Swedish engineer and flight pioneer Enoch Thulin, who lived and worked in Landskrona, died when he crashed his own airplane at the Södra Fäladen fields. His funeral service was held in Sofia Albertina Church.

Between 1930 and 1939 the Saxtorp TT-races were held just south of the town. The races attracted up to 160,000 attendees and are considered the largest sporting events by crowd size ever held in Sweden.

Townscape
The town's centre and buildings along the entrance streets generally consist of buildings with between two and seven floors. As a fortified town, stone houses were preferred instead of wooden houses, so the city boasts few examples of traditional Danish and Scanian half-timbered houses. Apart from the Citadel and Sofia Albertina Church, other notable 19th-century or older buildings are "Rådhuset", the Town Hall, Landskrona museum, the old railway station building and the theatre.

Much of the town's central parts, and buildings along the entrance roads are characterized by the work of the former town architects Fredrik Sundbärg 1901–1913 and Frans Ekelund 1913–1949. Sundberg created a number of monumental buildings such as the old water tower, the school Tuppaskolan, the power station, a hot bathhouse (demolished in the 1970s), and two large blocks of flats intended for the working class, Falken and Gripen. Ekelund, who was a believer in the Garden city movement, reserved areas for people to build customised homes, typically smaller houses with cellars and two floors.

Ralph Erskine created the row house area called Esperanza (Spanish for hope) around 1970. The new water tower came into operation the same year.

Around the Town Hall Square, all but one building was built before functionalist architecture became popular. Some older buildings were demolished in the mid-20th century. Falcks hörna, a block-corner building with a rather unusual appearance, was demolished in the middle of the night in 1971 amid protests.

A now-defunct water tower in town was built in 1904 after drawings from the then city architect Fredrik Sundbärg and has a height of 65,9 meters. The Water Tower was taken out of use in 1975 and in 1992 parts of the building was converted into rental estate.

Harbour

A natural deep harbour has existed here since before the history of the town. It's mentioned in the Danish historical work Saxo Grammaticus from around 1200 The port is based on a natural chute in the sandy sea floor, despite the lack of any nearby debouching river. Since the 18th century, the harbour has been protected by the artificial island Gråen. In the 1960s it had a total quay length of around 3 km As of 2017 its usable quay length has been greatly reduced, with a tally of approximately 1250 meters of remaining quay, and its activity has been low for decades.

The former car ferries to Copenhagen-Tuborg departed from the Nyhamn port, in the northern end. At a common map, it looks like the harbour has two inlets. But the waters immediately south of the harbor are extremely shallow. The northernmost part of Lundåkrabukten, the bay between Landskrona and Barsebäck, is not just shallow, but also largely free of stronger currents. During cold winter periods, Sea ice can then be formed here, much faster than at most other places in Øresund.

History of the Øresund traffic
For many years, Landskrona was serviced by car ferries and other ships to and from Copenhagen. From 1951 to 1980 did the SL ferries operate the route between Port of Tuborg in northern Copenhagen and Landskrona. During a larger part of that period, also the Viking Bådene   operated smaller passenger ships between the Inner Harbour of the Port of Copenhagen and Landskrona. They were owned in Denmark, but from around 1970 they were purchased by the Swedish Centrumlinjen but kept their name. The 1973 energy crisis eventually caused the end of this shipping line.

Between 1980 and 1984 different kind of ships and shipping lines offered at least summer time traffic to Copenhagen. And From 1985 Scarlett Line was formed, and once again sailed to Port of Tuborg. From the spring of 1991 did Danish Vognmandsruten A/S merge with Scarlett Line, maintained the established name and began to sail every hour. The new shipping line mainly was intended to live on transport of lorries. In the autumn of 1993 Vognmandsruten A/S went bankrupt and this put an end to the car and lorry ferry traffic from Landskrona.

However, hydrofoil speedboats Flygbåtarna AB, which previously only had served passenger traffic in the southern part of Øresund, between Malmö and Copenhagen, now began to operate also from both Landskrona as well as from Helsingborg. Not until March 2002, almost two years after the inauguration of the Øresund Bridge did Flygbåtarna AB threw in the towel.

Allotments
Landskrona is well known for having several allotment areas in and around the city centre. The first allotment area in Sweden was located in Malmö; however, it has long been gone since. The allotments located between the inner and outer moats of the Landskrona Citadel area make up the oldest allotment area in Sweden currently in use to date and are therefor of historic significance. There are currently around 1400 allotments in total located in Landskrona and its periphery, distributed over 6 allotment areas.

Copenhagen Airport influence
Aircraft approaching the nearby Copenhagen Airport to land on Runway 22L pass over the northern part of the town, where they make a sharp right turn towards the south to intercept the localiser around Barsebäck. Most landings at Copenhagen take place at Runway 22L. At the busiest times this can lead to consecutive aircraft passing over Landskrona with less than a minute's gap between them.

Demographics
From the late Middle Ages to the Industrial revolution, the town's population was fairly stable at around 2,000. Between 1860 and 1918 it grew to a little below 20,000. But from around 1919 until the mid-1970s, Landskrona just grew to some 30,000 inhabitants. Due to the closing of Öresundsvarvet shipyard (only a fraction of its close to 4000 employees work at the "new" renovation shipyard with the same name) and of other heavy industries, the population instead began to fall. Around 1985–1995 Landskrona's population were approximately some 25,000. Thanks to the general immigration (both from upper Sweden and from other countries) to western Scania and the Øresund coast, and due to the new railway station (opened in 2001), the town's population has again grown, and has once again exceeded 30,000 inhabitants, which equals the situation in the early 1970s. The town had 32,229 inhabitants in 2015.

Landskrona was also relatively larger a century ago compared with today. After World War I the town was among the 15 largest in the country. But no longer holds that position. Between approx. 1880 and 1920 was the town transformed from a military town to a town with much heavy industry within many sectors. The Öresundsvarvet shipyard, which opened in 1917, became the largest employer (with close to 4000 employees in the early 1970s). But the industry was not limited to shipbuilding, and a sugar refinery, several textile industries, fertilizers and other chemical plants, as well as a spectrum of various manufacturing industries, grew up. But after the First World War, the town stopped growing as fast as many other Swedish towns did. And the very last military regiment moved to Hässleholm in 1924. Between the mid-1920s and mid-1970s the town grew from approx. 20,000 inhabitants to 30,000. And after the Swedish municipality reforms reached its end point, in 1974, the municipality counted around 38,000 inhabitants.

Landskrona has traditionally been seen as a working-class city, with a strong focus on heavy industry. In the 21st century, development has instead tended towards a labour market with services in contemporary industrial production along with a general range of tertiary sector jobs, which has attracted more residents to the city.

Culture
Landskrona Konsthall opened in 1963 in the park attached to Landskrona Citadell. In the surrounding parkland there are sculptures by twenty artists.

Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd, was a Swedish painter and sculptor. He lived in Landskrona at the end of his life and died of pneumonia at Landskrona Hospital, on 3 May 2016, aged 81. He was a professor of painting at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm from 1965 until 1969. In 1974, he was a guest professor at Minneapolis School of Art in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1986 he was awarded the Prince Eugen Medal for painting. Reuterswärd is known for his sculpture showing a revolver tied in a knot, called Non violence, which is exhibited outside the United Nations headquarters in New York City.

British artist Ian Berry, who makes artwork from denim jeans, lived in Landskrona between 2010-2015 and made some of his artwork based on Landskrona and the Oresund Region.

Sports
The Landskrona BoIS football club was formed through a merger of two older clubs in 1915. "BoIS" was one of the twelve original football clubs in Sweden's premier football league, Allsvenskan. , Landskrona BoIS play in Sweden's second-tier league, Superettan. They are based at the Landskrona IP stadium.

Between 1930 and 1939 the annual Saxtorp TT-races motorcycle events saw crowds of up to 160,000. Saxtorp is located some 10–15 km south-east of the town centre.

Transport

The island of Ven can be reached through a regular ferry connection. The ships used for this transport usually depart 9 times a day. Extended service is also available during July and August.

The town's first railway station opened in 1863 and was located a short walk from Rådhustorget, the City Hall Square. In the 1920s was Landskrona station the western terminal of three railway lines. To Eslöv, Kävlinge (from which some trains continued to Lund and Malmö) and to Billesholm. It's notable that during the 1860 to 1940 construction of the Swedish railway network, no railway was built to the nearby city of Helsingborg. The line to Billesholm was short-lived and closed before the 1960s. During the mid-1970s the Swedish National Railways, SJ, was considering closing all local train service in the south. But along with other towns and cities in the former Malmöhus län, Landskrona participated in forming a new local railway system, which got the very Scanian name Pågatåg. This new railway system, which opened in a minor scale in 1983, was the first of its kind in Sweden, outside the Stockholm area. In connection with the construction of the Øresund Bridge, another train system was introduced, called the Øresundståg. They are Inter-regional trains as well as international ones, and link Denmark and Sweden together via railways. For Landskrona this meant that there was a call for a new location for the station, in order to avoid both the terminal type station, and provide better routing for northbound traffic. After political discussions it was decided to build a new dual track high speed railway between Helsingborg and Lund, as a part of a planned West Coast Railway between Copenhagen and Gothenborg. As Landskrona is located between Helsingborg and Lund, Landskrona was included in the planning for the new railway. But, as the new railway just "touched" the town's eastern end, there was a need for a new station in that area. The new Landskrona Station, which opened in January 2001, allowed for a greater range of train operations compared to the old terminal station that accommodated southbound trains only. Today, all local Pågatågen trains and inter-regional Øresundståg trains stop at the new station, which gives the new station a weekday service frequency of 4-6 trains per hour in each direction.

A trolleybus shuttle service, the "Station Shuttle", was introduced in September 2003, and links the new station with the city centre and the ferry terminal in the harbour. This service is the shortest trolleybus route currently operating in the world.

The new services meant that, as of 2017, Copenhagen Airport can be reached in 50 minutes and central Copenhagen in 65 minutes. It's also possible to reach Copenhagen by northbound trains to Helsingborg and then by the HH ferry route make a 20-minute sea travel to Helsingør, and from there take another train to Copenhagen. Although the (initially) northbound route to central Copenhagen includes two changes, the Danish Capital is normally reached in less than 90 minutes.

Notable people
• King Erik VII of Pomerania

• Janet Ågren, Actress

• Olle Anderberg, Wrestler

• Andreas Augustsson, Swedish Footballer

• Ewa Aulin, Actress

• Ian Berry, British Artist lived in Landskrona 2010-2015

• The Bristles

• Tycho Brahe, Danish Astronomer and Alchemist

• Rudolf Cederström, Naval Commander

• Richard Dahl, High Jumper

• Frans Ekelund, City Architect from 1913–49

• Gabriella Fagundez, Swedish Swimmer

• Edvin Fältström, Wrestler

• Emil Fick, Fencer

• Emilush, rapper and reggae artist

• Allvar Gullstrand, Ophthalmology

• Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden 6 June 1654 – 13 February 1660

• Marcus Johansson (ice hockey, born 1990)

• Martin Johansson (ice hockey, born 1987)

• Sonny Johansson, Legendary Footballer, representing Landskrona BoIS 1968-1984 and who scored 310 times for the club.

• Armand Krajnc, WBO middle weight champion.

• Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish Writer and Nobel prize for children's literature

• Oscar Ljung, actor

• Max Lundgren, Swedish Children's Writer

• Siw Malmkvist, Swedish Singer

• Helmer Mörner, Equestrian

• Gustaf Nilsson (wrestler)

• Rolf K. Nilsson Member of Rikstag

• Jonas Olsson, Footballer, Sweden and West Brom

• Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd, Artist

• Amanda Röntgen-Maier, Violinist and composer

• Torsten Schmidt (officer)

• Mattias Sjögren, Swedish Ice Hockey Player

• Jesper Svenbro, Swedish Poet

• Svenska Akademien (musikgrupp), reggae band

• Enoch Thulin, Swedish Aircraft Pioneer

• Torkild Strandberg, Swedish Politician

title: Landskrona


text: User talk:68.161.149.236

title: User talk:68.161.149.236


text:
Coachford

Coachford is a village in County Cork, Ireland. It is located on the north side of the River Lee. The village is located in the civil parish of Magourney. Coachford is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-West.

Coachford owes its name to once being a crossing point over a stream for horse-drawn coaches, and this stream continues to flow beneath the village to the present day. The Lee was flooded for a hydroelectric power plant and farmland including many houses was flooded by the newly formed lake. Coachford is located around a crossroads where the R618 and R619 regional roads intersect. Mallow is 20 mi north of the village, Macroom is 9 mi west, Cork City is 15 mi east and Bandon is 20 mi south.

History
Coachford does not feature on the 1811 Grand Jury Map of Cork, but is mentioned in the Freeman's Journal, dated 10 January 1822, and the area and its environs were known as "Magourney". The village developed rapidly during the Famine (when it was a centre of relief within the mid Cork area) and subsequently. By 1888, the Cork & Muskerry Light Railway had a terminus at Coachford, adding to local business, accessibility and vibrancy. By the end of the 19th-century, the village also had a creamery, complimenting its agricultural hinterland.

By the 1950s, a Vocational School was established, known today as Coachford College (sometimes referred to as Coachford Community College). The 2011-15 Aghabullogue-Coachford-Rylane Community Council commissioned URS consultants to draw up a "Village Design Statement" (VDS) for the three villages in 2012.

Deaths during the War of Independence and Civil War
Mrs. Mary (or Maria) Lindsay, Leemount House, Coachford, an elderly widow, was executed by the IRA (along with her driver, James Clarke), on 9 March 1921. Attempting to prevent bloodshed she, along with a Roman Catholic priest, tried to persuade members of the IRA against a planned ambush. The IRA ignored them and she then warned the British Army of a planned ambush in nearby Dripsey, for which six IRA volunteers were later executed. She and her driver were shot and her home, Leemount House, burned down, after the British authorities refused to commute the executions of the six IRA volunteers. A character ("Lady Fitzhugh") based on Mrs. Lindsay was played by Dame Sybil Thorndike in the 1959 film, Shake Hands with the Devil, which starred James Cagney, Don Murray and Michael Redgrave. An IRA man named Frank Busteed later claimed credit for the killings and for burning down Mrs. Lindsay's home.

Near Rooves Bridge is a monument to Captain Tadhg Kennefick of the Irish Republican Army, who was killed during the Irish Civil War by the Free State Army. On his way home to his mother's funeral, he was stopped at a checkpoint where Free State soldiers tied him to the back of a truck near a hamlet called Peake and dragged him a distance of four miles (6 km) to the bridge where he was shot by soldiers and his body dumped in a ditch. Local people who witnessed this recovered his body. A monument now stands on the site where his body was recovered.

Sites
Close to Coachford is Mullinhassig Waterfall. It is about 3 mi west of Coachford just off the Macroom Road. About 1 mi south of Coachford on the road to Bandon is Rooves Bridge, constructed over the River Lee in the 1950s to replace the old bridge which was submerged due to the building of the hydroelectric dam at Inniscarra about 6 mi down river. Rooves Bridge is the longest bridge spanning the River Lee.

Sport and community
The village is the home of Aghabullogue GAA, best known for capturing Cork's first hurling All-Ireland title in 1890 when they defeated Castlebridge, Wexford in the final.

A local amateur drama group, the Coachford Players, was established in 1987 and performs a full-length play each year.

The village is also home to a tennis club, soccer club, a pub, and a Centra.

Education
The village and its environs are served by Coachford National School and Coachford College. The latter is a co-educational secondary school which, as of 2017, had an enrollment of over 610 students. An extension was completed in 2002 and provided the college with a sports hall. In October 2020, funding was allocated for the extension and refurbishment of facilities at Coachford College.

Transport
Coachford was formerly connected by railway to Cork City with a narrow gauge railway, opened in 1888 by the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway. The line was closed in 1934 by the GSR. Coachford railway station opened on 19 March 1888, but finally closed on 31 December 1934.

title: Coachford


text:
Comanche Moon

Comanche Moon (1997) is a Western novel by American writer Larry McMurtry. It is the fourth and final book he published in the Lonesome Dove series. In terms of chronology, it is the second installment of the narrative. A Comanche Moon in Texas history was a full moon in autumn which permitted Comanche warriors to ride by night journeying southward to raid Mexico for livestock and captives.

The novel was adapted as a three-part television miniseries of the same name, first aired in January 2008.

Plot introduction
In this bridge novel between McMurtry's Dead Man's Walk and Lonesome Dove, Woodrow Call and Gus McCrae are in their middle years, still serving as respected Texas Rangers.

Plot summary
Texas Governor Elisha Pease sends a small troop of Texas Rangers, under the leadership of Captain Inish Scull, to the Llano Estacado in pursuit of Kicking Wolf, a celebrated Comanche horse thief. The Comanche steals Scull's horse Hector and takes it to the Sierra Perdida as a gift for Mexican bandit Ahumado. Scull promotes McCrae and Call to captains and orders them to lead the Ranger troop back to Austin. He sets off on foot after Kicking Wolf and his horse, accompanied only by Famous Shoes, a Kickapoo tracker.

Ahumado captures Kicking Wolf and his companion, Three Birds. The latter man leaps off a cliff to avoid Ahumado's plans for his death. Scull finds Kicking Wolf being dragged by the horse, and cuts the Comanche's bonds. Kicking Wolf survives to return to his tribe. Scull is captured by Ahumado, and placed in a cage for a slow death.

Having returned to Austin, McCrae learns that his beloved Clara Forsythe intends to marry his rival, horse trader Bob Allen. Call learns that his lover, Maggie Tilton, is pregnant with his child. Governor Pease sends Call and McCrae out with a typically small Ranger troop to rescue Captain Scull. While they are on this mission, Comanche chief Buffalo Hump takes his warriors on the warpath. They attack Austin. Prepared by Call, Maggie hides under a smokehouse and escapes their notice. The Rangers turn back to Austin as soon as they hear of the raid there.

Scull handles the cage so well that Ahumado has him taken down, and inflicts more pain. Ahumado sends word to Austin that he will return Scull for a ransom of one thousand cattle. Governor Pease sends the Rangers out again, to collect the cattle and exchange the herd for Scull. The Rangers go to Lonesome Dove in search of cattleman Captain King. Realizing they won't be able to collect that many cattle nor persuade King to sell them, Call and McCrae try to rescue Scull on their own terms. Bitten by a venomous spider, Ahumado goes South to die. Call and McCrae find Scull going insane in a pit, but they rescue him in time for his nearly total recovery. Scull returns to Austin and later becomes a general with the Union army.

Meanwhile, Buffalo Hump banishes his half-Mexican son Blue Duck. Blue Duck goes East and acquires wealth and notoriety as the leader of a gang of bandits. The novel moves more quickly, covering the period leading up to the sequel, Lonesome Dove. Maggie gives birth to Call's son Newt, but Call refuses to acknowledge the boy. Maggie goes to work at the general store, and Jake Spoon moves in with her. The Civil War takes most of the soldiers away from the frontier, enabling the Comanche to push back the white settlers. After the Civil War, Call and McCrae are sent in pursuit of Blue Duck and his band of renegades. Buffalo Hump has gone off to die. When Blue Duck learns of this he pursues his father. The Rangers attack his band, but Blue Duck has already left. He finds his father at his chosen place of death and kills him there. Maggie dies while the Rangers are on this expedition.

Characters

 * Woodrow Call — Texas Ranger
 * Gus McCrae — Texas Ranger
 * Clara Allen — Gus's former lover, a storekeeper's daughter
 * Maggie Tilton — Woodrow's lover
 * Inish Scull — Captain, Texas Ranger
 * Inez Scull — wife of Inish Scull
 * Long Bill Coleman — Texas Ranger
 * Jake Spoon — Texas Ranger
 * Pea Eye Parker — Texas Ranger
 * Josh Deets — Texas Ranger
 * Famous Shoes — the Rangers' Kickapoo tracker
 * Buffalo Hump — Comanche war-chief
 * Kicking Wolf — Comanche horse thief
 * Blue Duck — son of Buffalo Hump
 * Ahumado — Mexican bandit and murderer
 * Goyeto — Ahumado's henchman and skinner (humans, not animals)
 * Tana — member of Buffalo Hump's tribe

Miniseries
A television adaptation of the novel first aired on CBS January 13, January 15, and January 16, 2008. It features actors Karl Urban as Woodrow F. Call, Steve Zahn as Augustus McCrae, Val Kilmer as Inish Scull (often given top billing), Elizabeth Banks as Maggie, Wes Studi as Buffalo Hump, Adam Beach as Blue Duck, and Jake Busey as Tudwal. Other stars include Linda Cardellini as Clara Forsythe, Rachel Griffiths as Inez Scull, and James Rebhorn as Elisha Pease.

title: Comanche Moon


text:
Courtmacsherry

Courtmacsherry, often referred to by locals as Courtmac, is a seaside village in County Cork, on the southwest coast of Ireland. It is about 30 miles southwest of Cork, and 15–20 minutes drive east from the town of Clonakilty. The village consists of a single long street on the southern shore of Courtmacsherry Bay, with thick woods on rising ground behind. The woods (planted by the Earl of Shannon in the late 18th century) continue beyond the village eastwards to the open sea, ending at Wood Point. Between the village and "The Point" the trees run right to the water's edge and there are several natural bathing coves along the way.

History
Around the time of the Norman invasion of Ireland the major townships in the area were those now known as Timoleague, Lislee, Barryroe and Dunworly. Among the Norman settlers were the De Barrys and the Hodnetts; the former built a castle at Timoleague, and the latter settled in Lislee. The Barrys flourished and gave their name to Barryroe, Rathbarry, etc., whereas the Hodnetts "degenerated into mere Irish", one branch changing their name to MacSeafraidh (son of Geoffrey), subsequently anglicised to MacSherry or McSharry. Although Barrys and Hodnetts still live in the district, there are no MacSherrys.

One, Patrick MacSeafraidh from County Antrim, a descendant of a Courtmacsherry Hodnett, emigrated to America in 1745 and founded McSherrystown in Adams County, Pennsylvania.

Climate
Courtmacsherry is the mildest place in Ireland, with a mean annual temperature of 11o. The climate zone is Cfb, temperate maritime.

Economy and amenities
The village's main industry consists of commercial and charter angling. A moderately sized tourist industry exists during the summer months. There are several beaches nearby, namely Dunworley Strand, Moloney Strand, Broadstrand and Blind Strand. The village has a hotel and a caravan park, catering mainly for visitors from Cork. About half of this new housing is owner-occupied, the remainder being rented to visitors.

There are several bars and pubs in and around the village. Courtmacsherry is an angling center, and known for its many record catches. There is also a festival at the end of July - the beginning of August. It also hosts a horse race meeting on the strand each year.

Lifeboat
The first of Courtmacsherry's lifeboats was established in 1825 - one of the first to be founded in Ireland. This original lifeboat, however, reportedly deteriorated into an unusable condition, and Courtmacsherry was without an official vessel until February 1867, when the City of Dublin was placed in service. This, however, supposedly didn't stop the "Coastguardsmen and boatmen" from " rescuing by means of their own open boats the crews of wrecked vessels". A boathouse was also constructed this same year. Since then, nine (9) different boats have been placed in service at the Courtmacsherry Lifeboat station, with the Val Adnams, a a Shannon Class lifeboat, currently in service. Courtmacsherry harbours a lifeboat station (formerly based at nearby Barry's Point) and its volunteer crews have performed many rescues. The most famous was in May 1915 when the lifeboat of the day (the Ketzia Gwilt) rescued survivors of the RMS Lusitania sinking. Lifeboatmen involved on that day included Tim Keohane (father of Antarctic explorer Patsy Keohane), John Murphy, and his son Jerry.

In January 2009, ultimately unsuccessful efforts were made by Courtmacsherry Lifeboat to save an 18-meter (59 ft) fin whale which was stranded at Kilbrittain, opposite Courtmacsherry. The whale's remains were preserved and are displayed in Kilbrittain.

Transport
Courtmacsherry railway station on the Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Extension Light Railway opened on 23 April 1891, closed for passenger traffic on 24 February 1947 and for goods traffic on 10 March 1947, finally closing altogether on 1 April 1961. The line had three locomotives, Slaney, St. Molaga and Argadeen.

Notable people

 * Patrick Keohane (1879–1950), member of Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition Antarctic expedition of 1910–1913
 * Robert Gookin (died 1666/7), Anglo-Irish captain in the English Parliamentary army in Ireland

title: Courtmacsherry


text:
Gothenburg Municipality

Gothenburg Municipality (Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Gothenburg.

When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the City of Gothenburg, founded and chartered in 1621, became a city municipality with an elected city council (stadsfullmäktige). Its territory has since then been added through amalgamations in 1868, 1906, 1922, 1931, 1945, 1948, 1967 and 1974. The local government reform of 1971 made the city a unitary municipality, like all others in the country. The municipality prefers, however, to style itself Göteborgs stad (City of Göteborg ), whenever legally possible.

In March 2018 it was reported that the municipality and municipality-owned companies had 236 employees working with public relations (Swedish: kommunikation), more than Stockholm, to a cost of 400 000 SEK daily or 151 million SEK annually.

Localities
The major part of the Gothenburg urban area (Göteborgs tätort) is situated within the municipality, but there are also some other localities as well as rural areas.
 * Billdal (part of)
 * Donsö
 * Hjuvik
 * Nolvik
 * Olofstorp
 * Styrsö
 * Torslanda
 * Vrångö

Boroughs
In 1990 the municipality was subdivided into 21 stadsdelsnämnder (district boards), sometimes translated to boroughs, which they really are not. In 2009 the two district boards of Frölunda and Högsbo were joined. It has been decided that from the start of 2011 many more will be joined leaving 10 new district boards.

The boards carry responsibility for primary school, social, leisure, and cultural services within their respective areas. In the election of 1998 three boroughs (Askim, Torslanda and Älvsborg) held local referendums on forming their own municipalities, but their petitions were rejected by the government of Sweden.

Boroughs: • Askim

• Angered

• Backa

• Bergsjön

• Biskopsgården

• Centrum

• Frölunda-Högsbo

• Härlanda

• Kortedala

• Kärra-Rödbo

• Linnéstaden

• Lundby

• Majorna

• Styrsö

• Torslanda

• Tuve-Säve

• Tynnered

• Älvsborg

• Örgryte

Politics and government
The municipality has a municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige), consisting of 81 members, elected for four years. The municipal assembly meets in the Bourse, a building located on Gustaf Adolfs torg. There are nine political parties represented in the council elected in 2022:

After the 2022 election it was clear that the governing Alliance could not rule any longer with them winning only 27 seats in the chamber. Soon after the election the Centre Party announced they were starting negotiations with the Social Democrats (S), Left Party (V) and the Green Party (MP) about forming a majority coalition that could rule the city for the next four years. These negotiations broke down but S, V and MP could still take the power despite being a minority with only 40 out of 81 seats since C continues to refuse cooperation with the Sweden Democrats (SD).

There were ten political parties represented in the council elected in 2018:

Following the 2018 municipal elections, neither traditional coalition of parties (the Alliance and the Red-Greens) was able to obtain a majority in the municipal assembly. The newly formed Democrats party, whose primary campaign promise is to stop the construction of the West Link, obtained 14 seats in the assembly, making it the second-largest party. The Green Party and the Left Party announced on 6 November that they would draft their own municipal budget together, along with Feminist Initiative - thus abandoning their traditional cooperation with the Social Democrats. This has been recognized as the three parties forming a local political alliance which has been referred to as the Red-green-pink coalition. As a result of this the Alliance were able to take the power in Gothenburg for the first time in nearly 30 years.

The municipal executive committee (kommunstyrelsen) has 13 members, representing the six parties from the two major political coalitions who have seats in the assembly.

The chairwoman of the municipal assembly is Åse-Lill Törnquist (MP) and the chairman of the municipal executive committee (sometimes titled mayor) is Axel Josefson from the Moderate Party.

List of mayors

 * Sören Mannheimer, (Social Democrats) 1985-1988
 * Göran Johansson, (Social Democrats) 1988–1991
 * Johnny Magnusson (Moderate Party), 1991–1994
 * Göran Johansson (Social Democrats), 1994–2009
 * Anneli Hulthén (Social Democrats), 2009–2016
 * Ann-Sofie Hermansson (Social Democrats), 2016–2018
 * Axel Josefson (Moderate Party), 2018–2022
 * Jonas Attenius (Social Democrats), 2022–

International cooperation

 * Twin towns:
 * 🇳🇴 Bergen, Norway
 * 🇫🇮 Turku, Finland
 * Aarhus, Denmark
 * Partner cities:
 * Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
 * 🇷🇸 Novi Sad, Serbia
 * 🇫🇷 Lyon, France

The cooperation with the South African Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (established in 1998) is a partnership fostering development of common fields of interest such as solid waste management, public libraries, sport and tourism. Gothenburg had signed an agreement with Shanghai in 1986 which was upgraded in 2003 to include exchanges in culture, economics, trade and sport. However, the agreement was allowed to lapse in 2020.

 * Sister cities:
 * 🇺🇸 Chicago, United States (since 1987)
 * 🇵🇱 Kraków, Poland
 * 🇪🇪 Tallinn, Estonia
 * 🇩🇪 Rostock, Germany
 * Regional:
 * 🇳🇴 Oslo, Norway

title: Gothenburg Municipality


text:
Älvsbyn

Älvsbyn (translating to "the river village") is a locality and the seat of Älvsbyn Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden with 4,967 inhabitants in 2010. It is known as "The Pearl of Norrbotten".

Älvsbyn has a railway station that is served by trains running between Boden and Stockholm along the Swedish east coast. It has a youth hostel with a small recreational park, including a swimming pool.

Climate
Älvsbyn is as its name suggest located right on the Pite River. Being in a relatively deep valley by Swedish standards, the location is prone to temperature inversion. As a result, diurnal temperature variation is usually high and winter nights can be extremely cold and average near the coldest among Swedish municipal seats. Under the Köppen system, Älvsbyn has a subarctic climate with four pronounced seasons. The inland location warms summer up compared to coastal areas nearby, whereas winters are highly variable depending on wind patterns.

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Älvsbyn:

 * Älvsby IF

title: Älvsbyn


text:
Malmö Municipality

Malmö Municipality (Malmö kommun), or City of Malmö (Malmö stad), is a Swedish municipality in Skåne County, the southernmost of the counties of Sweden (and conterminous with the historical province (landskap) of Scania). The central city is Malmö. The municipality is part of Metropolitan Malmö and constitutes its own constituency in parliamentary elections in Sweden.

When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863, the Old City of Malmö was made one of the country's 88 city municipalities and the first city council was elected. The municipal territory has been augmented through mergers in 1911, 1915, 1931, 1935, 1952, 1967 and finally in 1971.

The landscape of the municipality is one of Sweden's most urbanized. For a long time, the municipality was one of Sweden's most important industrial municipalities, but this era is over. Major sectors are instead trade and business services, but above all the public sector.

After the formation of the municipality in 1971, the population was declining, but the trend reversed in the early 2000s and has continued to rise since then. The municipality is a stronghold of the Social Democrats, who have been in power since 1994. For the 2018-2022 term, they govern in coalition with the Liberals.

Administrative history
The municipal area corresponds to the parishes of Bunkeflo, Fosie, Glostorp, Husie, Hyllie, Lockarp, Oxie, Södra Sallerurp, Tygelsjö, Västra Klagstorp and Västra Skrävlinge. In these parishes, rural municipalities with corresponding names were formed during the 1862 municipal reform. The area also included the city of Malmö, which formed a city municipality in 1863.

Limhamn's municipal community was established on June 7, 1901 and was dissolved in 1906 when Limhamn's borough was formed from Hyllie county municipality and part of Fosie county municipality. The borough became part of the City of Malmö in 1915. Sofielund municipal community was established on February 21, 1896 in Västra Skrävlinge county municipality which in 1911 became part of the City of Malmö. Fosie municipal community was established on May 30, 1919 and was dissolved in 1931 when Fosie county municipality became part of the City of Malmö. In 1935 Husie county municipality was incorporated into the City of Malmö.

Geography
The municipality is located in the southwestern part of the province of Skåne with the Öresund in the west. Malmö municipality borders Burlöv municipality and Staffanstorp municipality to the north, Svedala municipality to the east and Vellinge municipality to the south. The municipality has a sea border in the north with Kävlinge municipality and Lomma municipality. On the other side of Öresund, Malmö Municipality borders Dragør Municipality, Tårnby Municipality and Copenhagen Municipality in the Capital Region of Denmark on the island of Zealand, to which it is connected by the Öresund Bridge.

Topography and hydrography
The municipal area is one of Sweden's most urbanized landscapes. There is not much left of the original wet meadows south of the town. These have been shaped by being used as grazing land for centuries. The coast has changed significantly since the beginning of the 20th century with the filling of the limestone quarry in Klagshamn. Today it is a peninsula with rich flora and fauna. The beach between the white overburden of the waste mountain Lernacken and the landfill Spillepengen in the north is entirely urban, with the exception of smaller areas used for recreation, swimming and boating, and hiking areas. At Oxie there is a more undulating landscape where sorted sediments form hills which are partly covered with cultivated clay and fertile moraine.

Nature conservation
In 2022 there were three nature reserves in Malmö municipality - Bunkeflo strandängar, Foteviksområdet and Limhamns kalkbrott (Limhamn limestone quarry).

The municipality's first nature reserve, Bunkeflo Strandängar, was established in 2006 and is a reserve managed by the municipality. This includes 300 different plants including some unique and rare species such as Iris spuria (blue flag), Odontites litoralis and Artemisia maritima (sea wormwood). The next reserve, Limhamns kalkbrott, was established in 2010 and is also managed by Malmö municipality. Access to the area, which is home to 2000 different species, requires a guide.

The Fotevik area was created in 2011 and is also classified as a Natura 2000 site. The area is the most important Swedish site for the very rare subspecies of Dunlin, Calidris alpina schinzii. In addition, the rare amphibians European green toad and Natterjack toad are found. The rare moth Morris's wainscot (Chortodes morrisii) can be found in areas with reeds.

Administrative subdivision
From 2016, the municipality is divided into 19 districts:

Localities
As of 2015, there were six urban areas (tätort or locality) and six smaller settlements (småorter) in the municipality.

The localities are listed in the table according to the size of the population in 2018. Note that a small part of Malmö (Arlöv) is situated in Burlöv Municipality.

Governance and politics
The municipality of Malmö has traditionally been governed by the Social Democrats since the introduction of universal suffrage in 1919, with the exception of two terms in 1985-1988 (the 1985 municipal elections broke a 66-year Social Democratic hold on power) and 1991-1994 when bourgeois coalitions ruled.

The municipal legislative body of the municipality is the 61-member municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige), elected by proportional representation for a four-year term. The assembly appoints the municipality's main governing bodies, the 11-member executive committee (kommunstyrelsen) and the 8 governing commissioners. The executive committee and the commissioners are headed by a municipal commissioner (kommunstyrelsens ordförande) or "mayor". The mayor is Katrin Stjernfeldt Jammeh of the Social Democratic Party.

There are seven political parties represented in the council elected in 2022: Social Democratic Party (20 seats), Moderate Party (13), Sweden Democrats (10), Left Party (9), Liberals (3), Green Party (4) and Centre Party (2).

Twin towns — Sister cities
, Malmö has town twinning treaties or treaties of co-operation signed with 10 cities. Of these, cooperation is closest with Newcastle and Tallinn. The complete list of cities is the following (twinning year in parentheses):

• 🇫🇮 Vaasa (1940)

• Tangshan (1987)

• 🇧🇬 Varna (1987)

• 🇦🇺 Port Adelaide (1988)

• 🇮🇹 Florence (1989)

• 🇪🇪 Tallinn (1989)

• 🇵🇱 Szczecin (1990)

• 🇩🇪 Stralsund (1991)

• 🇮🇹 Province of Chieti co-operation treaty signed in 2001

• Newcastle co-operation treaty signed in 2003

title: Malmö Municipality


text:
Dromod

Dromod or Drumod is a village in County Leitrim, Ireland. Dromod is a fishing village beside Bofin and Boderg, which are threaded by the River Shannon. Built along the River Shannon, this is a Tidy Towns winner with a modern harbour that is frequently used by cruiser traffic. A water feature in the centre of the village, entitled 'The Weeping Tree', and was made by a local craftsman from a piece of bog oak which was found nearby.

Demographics
Between 2006 and 2022, the population of Dromod increased from 210 to 753, an increase of 258.6%.

Dromod railway station
The village has a station on the Dublin-Sligo railway line connecting Sligo and Dublin Connolly long the mainline. Dromod railway station opened on 3 December 1862 and remains in operation, despite closing for goods services on 3 November 1975. Dromod also had a railway station on the narrow gauge Cavan and Leitrim Railway. It opened on 24 October 1887 and finally closed on 1 April 1959. A short section of narrow gauge line has been reopened at the station as part of preservation efforts.

History
In Gaelic Ireland the place was called "Dromode mac Shanley" in recognition of the dominant Mac Shanly sept of Muintir Eolais. The town is mentioned once in the Irish Annals- "".

An Iron works was established at Dromod c. 1693. Pig iron brought to Dromod Finery forge was used to produce an malleable iron product, for transportation to Dublin and Limerick. The operation was closed down in the 1790s, due to an exhaustion of forests locally.

Through at least the 19th and 20th century, seven annual fairs were held at Dromod- 1 January, 28 March (or 29th), 15 May, 26 June (or 29th), 14 August, 10 October (or 11th), and 11 December.

Between 2000 and 2007, during the Celtic Tiger period, the village grew and several new housing estates and buildings were built in the area. Dromod was classified, by the Central Statistics Office, as a census town for the first time in the 2006 census. At that time it had a population of 210 people. By the 2022 census, the population had grown to 753 people.

The N4 national road, which previously ran through the village, was routed around Dromod and neighbouring Roosky with the opening of the N4 Dromod Roosky Bypass in December 2007.

People

 * John McDonald, a 19th-century poet, lived near Dromod

title: Dromod


text: User talk:83.208.55.37

title: User talk:83.208.55.37


text:
Saint Joseph's Prairie Church

Saint Joseph's Prairie Church is a former Catholic parish of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The parish was located in Washington Township, Dubuque County, Iowa - which is about ten miles south of Dubuque.

In 1843, Father T.J. Donaghoe and five Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (B.V.M.) were invited to move to the Dubuque area by Bishop Mathias Loras. They moved from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a wooded area in nearby Table Mound Township. A chapel and a convent were built on the land. The Sisters remained in the area until their original convent was destroyed by fire. At that point the Sisters moved north to Dubuque.

After the death of Fr. Donaghoe in 1869, Bishop Hennessy of Dubuque sent Father Monaghan to establish the St. Joseph's Prairie parish. Matthew Powers, who was an area farmer, donated land for the church and cemetery. The church was built by 1875 for $4,000. A bell was added to the church, it had the distinction of being the largest bell in the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The bell weighed 5,247 pounds. For many years the bell stood in a tower at the north side of the church building. Eventually the bell was placed on a concrete platform on the church grounds. In 1894 the rectory was built for $1,500.

One of the more famous pastors of St. Joseph's was Raymond Ettledorf, who as an archbishop served as Apostolic Delegate to New Zealand, as a pro-Nuncio to Ethiopia, and as an Official of State at the Vatican.

In 1952, nearby Holy Family parish had been put under the supervision of the Archdiocese after having been the responsibility of the New Melleray Abbey for many years. St. Joseph's Prairie and Holy Family were affiliated, and shared pastors from then until the closing of the parish.

In 1989, it was decided to place the church on oratory status. The rectory was sold at this point. Most of the families were transferred over to Holy Family parish. The parish still owned the church building and grounds. For the next five years regular Sunday Masses were not celebrated at the church, but the church building could still be used on special occasions - such as weddings and funerals. In 1994, it was finally decided to permanently close the church. One last Mass was held at the old church building.

A decree was issued relegating the church to Profane Use - or that it was no longer a church building. The building was sold to the family that had purchased the rectory. The building has since been converted into a storage shed. The bell has since been moved from its location just north of the church, south to the church cemetery.

title: Saint Joseph's Prairie Church