text:
The Leopard's Spots

The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of the White Man's Burden—1865–1900 is the first novel of Thomas Dixon's Reconstruction trilogy, and was followed by The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (1905), and The Traitor: A Story of the Fall of the Invisible Empire (1907). In the novel, published in 1902, Dixon offers an account of Reconstruction in which he portrays a Reconstruction leader (and former slave driver), Northern carpetbaggers, and emancipated slaves as the villains; Ku Klux Klan members are anti-heroes. While the playbills and program for The Birth of a Nation claimed The Leopard's Spots as a source in addition to The Clansman, recent scholars do not accept this.

The first half of a passage from the Book of Jeremiah (13:23) is included on the title page: "Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?" While the full passage is about evildoers refusing to turn away from evil to good, the title conveys the idea that, as leopards could not change their spots, people of African origin could not change what Dixon, as a racist and white supremacist, viewed as inherently negative character traits.

A reply to Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe's landmark novel of 1852, Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War". It was still widely read fifty years after its publication. According to Dixon, whose contact with the work was a dramatized version, Stowe "grossly misrepresent[ed]" the American South, and he felt her sympathetic portrayal of African Americans demanded revision. So as to make it clear he is answering Stowe, he presents his version of Stowe's characters, using Stowe's character names.

Characters
===Leading characters of the story (as listed in the book) ===
 * Charles Gaston – A man who dreams of making it to the Governor's Mansion
 * Sallie Worth – A daughter of the old-fashioned South
 * Gen. Daniel Worth – Her father
 * Mrs. Worth – Sallie's mother
 * The Rev. John Durham – A preacher who threw his life away
 * Mrs. Durham – Of the Southern Army that never surrendered
 * Tom Camp – A one-legged Confederate soldier
 * Flora – Tom's little daughter
 * Simon Legree – Ex-slave driver and Reconstruction leader
 * Allan Mcleod – A scalawag
 * Hon. Everett Lowell – Member of Congress from Boston
 * Helen Lowell – His daughter
 * Miss Susan Walker – A maiden of Boston
 * Major Stuart Dameron – Chief of the Ku Klux Klan
 * Hose Norman – A dare-devil poor white man
 * Nelse – A black hero of the old régime
 * Aunt Eve – His wife – "a respectable woman."
 * Hon. Tim Sheldby – Political boss of the new era
 * Hon. Pete Sawyer – Sold seven times, got the money once
 * George Harris Jr. – An Educated Negro, son of Eliza
 * Dick – An unsolved riddle

Using names of characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin

 * Simon Legree – In Uncle Tom's Cabin; a cruel master, hateful of religion, superstitious, and determined to “break” Tom
 * Tom Camp – In Stowe's novel Tom (no last name) is a humble African-American slave and "Mr. Shelby's best hand". Dixon's Tom is a former Confederate soldier, a poor white Christian whose family is victimized by black men.
 * Hon. Tim Shelby – Political boss. In Uncle Tom's Cabin Arthur Shelby was Tom's owner, who "sold him South". His son George Shelby is also a character.
 * George Harris Jr. – An educated negro

Dramatization
A dramatization by Dixon, with the same title, was produced in New York in 1913.

title: The Leopard's Spots


text:
Talk:Hutterites

A few corrections and some additional information

 * The Owa Leute are no longer recognized as an official Dariusleut Colony (they were expelled in 1992).
 * The more conservative Hutterites number about 45,890 residents in 429 colonies (+ another 30 that are being formed now).
 * The more open Hutterian Brethren Schmiedeleut Conference [Elder Jacob Kleinsasser] numbers about 6,230 residents in 62 colonies.
 * The Christian Community [Elmendorf] numbers about 350 residents in four colonies.
 * The Christian Community [Fort Pitt] numbers about 140 residents in one colony.
 * The Bruderhof Neuleut number slightly over 2,700 residents in 23 communities.
 * There are about 90 residents in another 5 independent Altleut communities and about 680 residents in 8 small to medium-sized Neuleut groups (10 communities) who consider the Hutterites to be their spiritual ancestors.

Therefore the Altleut communities number today 52,700 residents, the Neuleut about 3,400 people. ---84.175.129.92 (talk) 18:42, 24 January 2016 (UTC) [International Communities Research Centre]
 * Is there any way you can supply references to support this? Walter Görlitz (talk) 04:03, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

You can go to cedrontech and add the population numbers of the more than 500 colonies listed (which includes>30 colonies with zero population, i.e. those that have been just started) to find out the actual numbers and population of Altleut colonies (except a few that has been expelled a long time ago). You won't find Owa becaused it seized to be a recognized Dariusleut colony 24 years ago. Of coure there are other sources as well (e.g. the homepages of several Neuleut groups, newspaper and visitor reports.84.175.130.246 (talk) 11:46, 25 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Please read WP:RS. Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:06, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

World War I abuse by U.S. Government
Hutterites were tortured by U.S. Government soliders because their faith prevented them from particpating in the WWI efforts. Members of the Huffer family were tortured in prison, when two of the brother died from the abuse, Army personel dressed the corpses in Army uniforms to the horror of their wives. This is something thta needs to be covered. http://www.hutterites.org/history/world-war-1/ Sjkoblentz (talk) 02:30, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Bruderhof Communities, sources please!

 * I think this edit was rather problematic. The reasons:
 * 1) Last paragraph was completely unsourced.
 * 2) It uses two refs. First ref is this. Even if this is an RS (I do not know), it does not say anything about Hutterites and therefore does not support the statement ("There are two other related groups..." and so on)
 * 3) Second source is this. It mentioned Bruderhof with relation to Hutterites only like this: "The Bruderhof, quasi-Hutterite Christian pacifists who hold all goods in common..." This is far cry from saying that Bruderhof is a branch of Hutterites as the title of this section implies. Actually, it is something opposite.
 * 4) We have this sourced section about the relations between Bruderhof and Hutterites. As follows from the text, (a) those are completely different organizations (although they may have relations with each other, just as any other religious organizations), and (b) they broke relations long time ago.

 * The bottom line. Please do not repeatedly insert text unsupported by references, while incorrectly claiming that it was supported . My very best wishes (talk) 16:23, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * They're present. You don't like them, but that's your issues, not Wikipedia's. Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:05, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * As requested (all from the first page of my Google search). https://cas.uab.edu/peacefulsocieties/2006/03/30/the-hutterites-and-the-bruderhof-a-relationship-explored/ https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bruderhof_Communities https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bruderhof https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-202919693/the-hutterites-and-the-bruderhof-the-relationship mirrored here https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA202919693&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00259373&p=AONE&sw=w https://sites.ualberta.ca/~german/AlbertaHistory/Hutterites.htm Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:10, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I think you only proved my point here. (a) You seem to admit that the refs used in your edit do not support the statement and therefore are you trying to provide alternative new sources. (b) All these new "refs", except the first one, are wikis and inadmissible as RS. The first ref is probably a blog post, and it tells they are different organizations, not that one is a branch of another. My very best wishes (talk) 18:22, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No, Gameo is a reliable source. Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 283. And the statement is not that they are branches of one another, a concept that belies a traditional, hierarchical church mentality, they are related in other ways. Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:45, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * You proved my point again. The only person who said it was a reliable source (link above) was you, and yes, the administrator who posted it had every reason for concern . The subsection is entitled Major branches, which obviously imply that Bruderhof is a branch of Hutterite. The are not, or at least the sources do not say it. My understanding it was founded in Germany in 1920 by Eberhard Arnold as an independent organization. My very best wishes (talk) 19:00, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No one else was worried enough about the source to comment and not a single editor commented that it wasn't reliable. This is how RSN works.
 * Also, you continue to using the wrong nomenclature to associated the two groups, clearly because you have no context for how anabaptists have evolved. Walter Görlitz (talk) 19:27, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Do you suggest to post an RfC about it? That would be strange because, obviously, no one should consider anonymous posts on wiki an RS. My very best wishes (talk) 19:43, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I can only suggest you understand anabaptists better. if you'd like to take GAMEO to RSN again, feel free to. Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:15, 3 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Two things. First, could you please self-revert or provide RS that indeed support the statements in the disputed fragment? I think it must be removed in the present state or be fixed. Second, I did not edit such subjects before, and I am not very interested in them. But there is something problematic about editing the Bruderhof related subjects in general. Hence, indeed, I would rather make a notice about the potential problem somewhere and leave this to community. If I do it (not sure yet), this will be not at RSNB because I do not see any serious problem specifically with GAMEO.My very best wishes (talk) 17:36, 4 February 2020 (UTC)

Adverb or not
Dear Mr. Görlitz, since you did not accept my grammatical explanation, let's discuss it here. What do you think is the grammatical function of "similar" in the sentence in question? For convenience, I quote it here: "Similar to the German Peasants' War, the Gasmair uprising set the stage by producing a hope for social justice."

You say "Not an advert." You must mean not an adverb. (I first thought you meant the English "advert" = "advertisement".) I'm asking you to explain what it is. I use the following rephrasing to argue that it is an adverb: "The Gasmair uprising, similar to the German Peasants' War, set the stage by producing a hope for social justice." This is clearly wrong. "Similar" modifies "set". If you want it to modify "uprising" you have to write something like "The Gasmair uprising, being [or, which was, or something like it] similar to the German Peasants' War, set the stage by producing a hope for social justice." Or, use a different word: "Like the German Peasants' War, the Gasmair uprising set the stage by producing a hope for social justice." Zaslav (talk) 04:57, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I have moved this discussion here as is stated in my edit notice.
 * Apologies for the typo. Yes, not an adverb as you can see {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hutterites&type=revision&diff=998283030&oldid=998194891 when I moved the phrase later in the sentence]. It never was an adverb, it was comparing the Gasmair uprising to the German Peasants' War and saying that they were similar. It does not modify "set" in any way. The stage was set in a similar way. Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:25, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

An analysis of the Hutterite Directory 2023
Dariusleut: 17,091 residents in 178 colonies (1)

Lehrerleut: 17,701 residents in 161 colonies

Schmiedeleut 1: 6,744 residents in 64 colonies (2)

Schmiedeleut 2: 15,492 residents in 132 colonies (3)

Christian Community (Elmendorf etc.): c.600 residents in 9 colonies (4)

In addition, there are 4 independent Altleut colonies with about 80 residents and more than 4,000 Neuleut in 36 communities unassociated with any Altleut group.

1: without Lamona WA (defunct)

2: including the not listed Nigerialeut, whose colony numbered 91 residents in 2022

3: including Harmony MB (no longer independent)

4: without the now defunct colony in Tasmania, but including Neuleut colonies in Austria and Paraguay

Note: The Hutterian Brethren Church (without Schmiedeleut 1) has now over 50,000 people (members and unbaptized colony residents). 2003:DE:6F20:C900:D424:F81:A95E:BFC7 (talk) 15:34, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Mention if it rhymes with hut, or hoot? Jidanni (talk) 16:24, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Hutterites


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Khrystal leight

Krystal leight was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete. Postdlf 21:01, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Khrystal leight
Autobiography by User:Bobbkehrer, does not appear to be noteworthy (5 hits, one of which is from Wikipedia). —No-One Jones (m) 17:04, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Ditto: delete, although with my good wishes. (User was honest, though: which is nice; and their cause seems to be from generous motives.) — Bill 18:14, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 20:29, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not notable at this point, and misnamed article. Nothing against the person, just not encyclopedic. Geogre 01:22, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. NeoJustin 04:28 Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Avaris

Avaris (Egyptian: ḥw.t wꜥr.t, sometimes hut-waret; Αὔαρις; Άβαρις; حوّارة) was the Hyksos capital of Egypt located at the modern site of Tell el-Dab'a in the northeastern region of the Nile Delta. As the main course of the Nile migrated eastward, its position at the hub of Egypt's delta emporia made it a major capital suitable for trade. It was occupied from about the 18th century BC until its capture by Ahmose I.

Etymology
The name in the Egyptian language of the 2nd millennium BC was probably pronounced *Ḥaʔət-Waʕrəʔ “House of the Region” and denotes the capital of an administrative division of the land (wʕr.t). Today, the name Hawara survives, referring to the site at the entrance to Faiyum. Alternatively, Clement of Alexandria referred to the name of this city as "Athyria".

Excavations

In 1885, the Swiss Édouard Naville started the first excavations in the area around Tell-el-Daba. Between 1941 and 1942, Labib Habachi, an Egyptian Egyptologist first forwarded the idea that the site could be identified with Avaris. Between 1966 and 1969 and since 1975, the site has been excavated by the Austrian Archaeological Institute. Using radar imaging technology, its scientists could identify in 2010 the outline of the city including streets, houses, a port, and a side arm of the River Nile passing through the city.

The site at Tell el-Dab'a, covering an area of about 2 square kilometers, is in ruins today, but excavations have shown that, at one point, it was a well-developed center of trade with a busy harbour catering to over 300 ships during a trading season. Artifacts excavated at a temple erected in the Hyksos period have produced goods from all over the Aegean world. The temple even has Minoan-like wall paintings that are similar to those found on Crete at the Palace of Knossos. A large mudbrick tomb has also been excavated to the west of the temple, where grave goods, such as copper swords, have been found.

History
The site was originally founded by Amenemhat I on the eastern branch of the Nile in the Delta. Its close proximity to Asia made it a popular town for Asiatic immigrants, most of whom were culturally Egyptianized, using Egyptian pottery, but also retained many aspects of their own culture, as can be seen from the various Asiatic burials including weapons of Levantine origin. One palatial district appears to have been abandoned as a result of an epidemic during the 13th dynasty.

In the 18th century BC, the Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt and set up Avaris as their capital. Kamose, the last pharaoh of the Seventeenth Dynasty, besieged Avaris but was unable to defeat the Hyksos there. A few decades later, Ahmose I captured Avaris and overran the Hyksos. Canaanite-style artifacts dated to the Tuthmosid or New Kingdom period suggest that a large part of the city's Semitic population remained in residence following its reconquest by the Egyptians.

The pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty set up a capital in Thebes and the palatial complex at Avaris was briefly abandoned, but areas such as the Temple of Seth and G6 region remained continuously occupied. It appears as well, that the site of Avaris had gone through a hiatus, dated after the time of Amenhotep II and until the late 18th dynasty.

After Ramesses II constructed the city of Pi-Ramesses roughly 2 km to the north, Avaris was superseded by Pi-Ramesses, and thus finally abandoned during the Ramesside period. Large portions of the former site of Avaris were used by the inhabitants of Pi-Ramesses as a cemetery and burial ground, and part of it was used as a major navy base, while the "Harbor of Avaris" toponym continued to be used for Avaris' harbor through the Ramesside period.

The name "Avaris" is also referred to in Papyrus Sallier I in the late 13th century BC. In addition, the 'Avaris' toponym is also known to Manetho in the 3rd century BC, quoted by Josephus in his Against Apion 1.14.

Urban chronology
Amenemhet I (12th dynasty) planned a settlement, called Hutwaret  located in the 19th Nome, circa 1930 BC. It was a small Egyptian town until about 1830 BC when it began to grow by immigration of Canaanites (Levant Middle Bronze Age IIA) By 1800 BC it was a much larger trade colony under Egyptian control. Over the next 100 years immigration increased the size of the city. Scarabs with the name "Retjenu" have been found in Avaris, also dating to the 12th Dynasty (1991-1802 BCE). At about 1780 a temple to Set was built. The Canaanites living at Avaris considered the Egyptian god Set to be the Canaanite god Hadad. Both were weather gods. Around 1700 BC a temple district to the Canaanite Asherah and the Egyptian Hathor was built in the eastern part of the city. From 1700 onward, social stratification begins and an elite arise. In 1650 the Hyksos arrive and the city grows to 250 ha. It is believed that Avaris was the largest city in the world from 1670 to 1557 BC. A large citadel was built around 1550.
 * Stratiagraphic layers M-N
 * Stratiagraphic layers G
 * Stratiagraphic layers F
 * Stratiagraphic layers E

Minoan connection

Avaris, along with Tel Kabri in Israel and Alalakh in Syria, also has a record of Minoan civilization, which is otherwise quite rare in the Levant. Manfred Bietak, an Austrian archaeologist and the excavator of Tell Dab'a, has speculated that there was close contact with the rulers of Avaris, and that the large building featuring the frescoes allowed the Minoans to have a ritual life in Egypt. French archaeologist Yves Duhoux proposed the existence of a Minoan 'colony' on an island in the Nile Delta.

title: Avaris


text:
Office of emergency management

An office of emergency management (OEM) (also known as a office of emergency services (OES), emergency management office (EMO), or emergency management agency (EMA)) is a local, municipal, tribal, state, federal/national, or international organization responsible for: planning for, responding to, and dealing with recovery efforts related to natural, manmade, technological, or otherwise hazardous disasters by planning and implementing large scale emergency response plans/procedures, coordinating emergency assets during a disaster, and providing logistical, administrative and financial support to a disaster response effort.

Municipal Governments

 * City of Sacramento's Office of Emergency Management (SacOEM)
 * Houston Office of Emergency Management
 * Chicago Office of Emergency Management and Communications (OEMC)
 * Los Angeles Emergency Management Department (EMD)
 * New Orleans Office of Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness
 * New York City Emergency Management (NYCEM) (previously the New York City Office of Emergency Management)
 * Philadelphia Office of Emergency Management
 * San Diego Office of Homeland Security (OHS)

State Governments

 * Alaska Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management (Alaska DHS)
 * Arizona Department of Homeland Security (AZDOHS)
 * Arkansas Department of Emergency Management (ADEM)
 * California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (OES)
 * Connecticut Department of Emergency Management and Homeland Security (DEMHS)
 * Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM)
 * Georgia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Agency (GEMHSA)
 * Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
 * Indiana Department of Homeland Security
 * Iowa Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (IHSEMD)
 * Kansas Division of Emergency Management (KDEM)
 * Louisiana Governors Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness (GOHSEP)
 * Maryland Emergency Management Agency (MEMA)
 * Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA)
 * Massachusetts Office of Emergency Medical Services (OEMS)
 * Maine Emergency Management Agency (MEMA)
 * Minnesota Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEM)
 * Mississippi Mississippi Emergency Management Agency
 * Missouri State Emergency Management Agency
 * New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
 * New York State Emergency Management Office (SEMO)
 * North Carolina Department of Public Safety
 * Ohio Emergency Management Agency
 * Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management (OEM)
 * Oregon Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
 * Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA)
 * Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA)
 * Tennessee Emergency Management Agency (TEMA)
 * Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM)
 * Vermont Department of Public Safety
 * Virginia Department of Emergency Management (VDEM)
 * Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division
 * West Virginia West Virginia Division of Emergency Management (WVEM)
 * Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM)

Territory and Commonwealth Governments

 * 🇲🇵 northern mariana islands Emergency Management Office (CNMI EMO)
 * 🇵🇷 puerto rico Puerto Rico State Agency for Emergency and Disaster Management (AEMEAD)
 * 🇬🇺 guam Guam Homeland Security/Office of Civil Defense (GHS/OCD)

Federal Government

 * Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
 * Emergency Management Institute
 * EPA Office of Emergency Management
 * Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response Office of Emergency Management
 * Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance

Canada

 * Public Safety Canada
 * City of Toronto government Office of Emergency Management
 * British Columbia Emergency Management BC
 * Emergency Management Ontario

Caribbean

 * Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)
 * 🇦🇮 anguilla Department of Disaster Management (DDM)
 * 🇦🇬 antigua and barbuda National Office of Disaster Services (NODS)
 * 🇧🇸 bahamas Disaster Management Unit
 * 🇧🇧 barbados Department of Emergency Management
 * 🇧🇿 belize National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO)
 * undefined Department of Disaster Management
 * 🇩🇲 dominica Office of Disaster Management (ODM)
 * 🇬🇩 grenada National Disaster Management Agency (NaDMA)
 * 🇬🇾 guyana Civil Defense Commission
 * 🇭🇹 haiti Civil Protection Directorate
 * 🇯🇲 jamaica Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM)
 * 🇲🇸 montserrat Disaster Management Coordination Agency
 * undefined National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
 * 🇱🇨 saint lucia National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO)
 * 🇻🇨 saint vincent and the grenadines National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO)
 * 🇸🇷 suriname National Coordination Center For Disaster Relief (NCCR)
 * 🇹🇹 trinidad and tobago Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management (ODPM)
 * 🇹🇨 turks and caicos islands Department of Disaster Management & Emergencies

Africa

 * 🇰🇪 kenya Kenya National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC)
 * 🇸🇴 somalia Somali Disaster Management Agency

Asia

 * 🇮🇳 india National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
 * 🇰🇷 south korea National Emergency Management Agency
 * 🇵🇰 pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
 * 🇵🇭 philippines National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

Europe

 * 🇦🇱 albania General Directorate of Civil Emergencies (DEMA)
 * 🇩🇰 denmark Danish Emergency Management Agency (DEMA)
 * 🇮🇪 ireland Office of Emergency Planning (OEP)
 * 🇷🇺 russia Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM)
 * 🇬🇧 united kingdom Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS)

Oceania

 * 🇦🇺 australia Emergency Management Australia (EMA)
 * 🇦🇺 australia Emergency Management Victoria (EMV)
 * 🇮🇩 indonesia Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB)
 * 🇳🇿 new zealand National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)

Defunct Organizations

 * The Office for Emergency Management was a World War II office in the Executive Office of the United States government.
 * The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Public Health Emergency Preparedness (replaced by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response)

title: Office of emergency management


text: Category:Italian archaeologists

title: Category:Italian archaeologists


text: File:Lambda repressor binding DNA.png

title: File:Lambda repressor binding DNA.png


text:
Taut submanifold

In mathematics, a (compact) taut submanifold N of a space form M is a compact submanifold with the property that for every $$q\in M$$ the distance function

 * $$L_q:N\to\mathbf R,\qquad L_q(x) = \operatorname{dist}(x,q)^2$$

is a perfect Morse function.

If N is not compact, one needs to consider the restriction of the $$L_q$$ to any of their sublevel sets.

title: Taut submanifold


text:
User talk:165.139.156.41

August 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Mark Halliday with this edit. When removing content, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the content has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Logan Talk Contributions 19:14, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Subway (restaurant), did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you! -- jbergste (u) (t) (c) 17:34, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

September 2011
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Richmond High School (Richmond, Indiana) with this edit, did not appear to be constructive, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Hallows  AG (talk) 18:08, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. -- Ed (Edgar181) 17:53, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

October 2013
Hello, I'm Technopat. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to PRISM (surveillance program) because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Technopat (talk) 16:42, 8 October 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Hello, I'm Dennis Bratland. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Motorcycle history because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:16, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Motorcycle history, you may be blocked from editing. Jeffrd10 (talk) 18:26, 29 October 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

November 2013
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Motorcycle history, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. -- — Keithbob • Talk  • 17:24, 4 November 2013 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Charles M. Schulz, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Nat Gertler (talk) 16:43, 14 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Hello, I'm Glaisher. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Charlie Wilson (singer) because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Glaisher  [talk]  17:04, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

December 2013
Hello, I'm Epicgenius. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Tefnut because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Epicgenius (talk) 16:23, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Victoria Falls with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. DVdm (talk) 14:56, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Child sacrifice in pre-Columbian cultures, you may be blocked from editing. Epicgenius (talk) 17:36, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Mesoamerica, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Epicgenius (talk) 17:36, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2014
Hello, I'm Lugia2453. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Ohio (Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young song), because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Lugia2453 (talk) 13:08, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

Help me!
Please help me with...

165.139.156.41 (talk) 16:22, 19 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Please make sure to ask a question with the help me template! --allthefoxes (Talk) 16:35, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

September 2016
Hello, I'm Serols. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Deer hunting— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Serols (talk) 14:09, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Nuclear power plant. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. —MelbourneStar ☆ talk 13:46, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

November 2016
Hello, I'm Gilliam. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Outer space have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. – Gilliam (talk) 15:24, 18 November 2016 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

December 2019
Hello, I'm KylieTastic. An edit that you recently made to To Build a Fire seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want to practice editing, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! KylieTastic (talk) 16:47, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

January 2020
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to List of civil rights leaders has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.

Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) 14:19, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, [ report it here], remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
 * For help, take a look at the introduction.
 * The following is the log entry regarding this message: List of civil rights leaders was changed by 165.139.156.41 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.877363 on 2020-01-13T14:19:18+00:00

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Coretta Scott King, you may be blocked from editing. 78.26 (spin me / revolutions) 20:23, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from attempting to make unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been [ disallowed by an edit filter.] If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk) 18:46, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

i just got here and sadly some has been abusing this ip...
i did not do ths but someone else did and i need to know who... BUT I AM BLOCKED?!?! I AM JUST TRYING TO ADD TO THE ~BETHANY HAMILTON~ FOR MY RESEARCH!!!!!!!!!!165.139.156.41 (talk) 15:23, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

 * 165.139.156.41 (talk) 15:27, 12 March 2024 (UTC)Bethany Hamilton165.139.156.41 (talk) 15:27, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:165.139.156.41


text: Talk:Hadley Township, Michigan

title: Talk:Hadley Township, Michigan


text:
Scaliger (crater)

Scaliger is a prominent lunar impact crater in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It is attached to the northwest rim of the walled plain Milne, and the shared perimeter has reshaped the outer wall of Scaliger slightly, producing a straightened section along the southeast. To the west of Scaliger is the Lacus Solitudinis.

The outer wall of Scaliger is somewhat polygonal in shape, especially in the southern half. The rim has not been heavily eroded by subsequent impacts, in contrast to the heavily worn Milne to the southeast. The inner wall of Scaliger's rim displays terraces, and a notable outer rampart overlaying the floor of Milne. The interior floor of Scaliger is relatively flat, with a rough surface near the inner wall. Near the midpoint is a central peak, offset slightly to the east.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Scaliger.

title: Scaliger (crater)


text:
Utkal Congress

Utkal Congress was a political party in the Indian state of Odisha. It was formed in 1969 when Biju Patnaik left Indian National Congress. After the 1971 Odisha elections UC took part in the Bishwanath Das ministry in the state. In 1974 Utkal Congress merged into Pragati Legislature Party which eventually merged into Bharatiya Lok Dal.

Background
Odisha was a stronghold of Congress in immediate post independence era. However factionalism was rife. A group of Congress dissidents led by Harekrushna Mahatab split in 1967 to form Jana Congress. In 1967 general election Most of the leadership of Congress lost. In 1969 Congress split at national level forming Congress(O) and Congress(R). Biju Patnaik remained with Congress(R) which was led by Smt Indira Gandhi. However, in 1970 Rajya sabha elections the state unit proposed a different candidate to that of the central leadership. However, in the election both candidates lost. This caused Biju Patnaik led group to sever all the ties from the central leadership. Initially named as Utkal Pradesh Congress, the group ultimately chose Utkal Congress as their name with Biju Patnaik, Rabi Ray along with securing support from two former Chief Ministers of Odisha - Harekrushna Mahtab, R.N.Singh Deo (Swatantra Party) & the Samyukta Socialist Party whose state unit merged into the Utkal Congress in 1972 following the SSP's dissolution.

Electoral history
Biju Patnaik resigned from Congress(R) on 6 April 1970. Following that he along with his colleagues Nilamani Routray formed the state based party in the model of DMK. This fledgling party Fought its first election soon after in 1971 General elections. It secured 24% votes and 32 seats. It formed a coalition with Swatantra Party and formed a government under leadership Bishwanath Das. This government did not last for long and few of the Utkal Congress members wanted to go back to Congress(I) (Congress(R) had named itself Congress (I) at this point). So a Congress(I) government under the leadership of Nandini Satpathy formed. However this government did not last long either. There was an election in 1974 to Odisha legislature. Utkal Congress formed a coalition with Swatatantra party and a group of Congress (I) members led by Harekrushna Mahtab called Pragati Legislature party. In the election Utkal Congress slightly increased it tally to 35 seats. However Congress won the majority. At the end of 1974 all the constituents of Pragati Legislature party merged with Charan Singh led Bharatiya Lok Dal.

title: Utkal Congress


text:
Treia

Treia is a town and comune in the province of Macerata in the central Marche (Italy). It is 7 km north of Pollenza, 12 km west of Macerata, and 18 km north-northeast of Tolentino.

Geography
The site of the abandoned Roman municipium of Trea is situated in the middle valley of the River Potenza, some 30 km from the Adriatic shore. The town was located on a dominant plateau, 1 km north-west of present-day Treia, and just 3 km east of Monte Pitino, in an agrarian area around the church and convent of SS. Crocifisso.

Remains
The only remaining visible ruins are two small sections of the former city walls, partly incorporated in a now abandoned farm house. Since the 16th century many isolated finds as well as epigraphic monuments concerning Trea have been discovered in the general area. The first major excavations by Fortunato Benigni in the late 18th century determined the town’s approximate location and revealed parts of its walls, a basilica and a sanctuary with possible thermal building, located under the convent of SS. Crocifisso.

History
Treia is said to have been founded by the Sabine people in 380 BCE. Although the precise origin of the site remains unknown, its location on an elevated plateau near the Picene hilltop site of Monte Pitino could indicate that it was already a pre-Roman center. It became a Roman municipium shortly after 49 BC and it is possible that its circuit wall was erected around that time.

The Roman town flourished between the reigns of Augustus and Antoninus Pius, as indicated by the large collection of funerary monuments, statuary and epigraphic evidence.

Large Egyptian religious statues of the Roman period have been found and are kept in the town's museum: they are unique in the Marche.

The later phases of Trea are less well documented and the last epigraphic evidence dates from the 4th century AD. However, according to some archaeological finds from early excavations and surveys, later habitation in Trea, at least until the 7th century AD, can be assumed.

It is imaginable that during the Early Middle Ages the remaining habitation was restructured in connection with a modest early Christian sanctuary for the plebs, here to be located at the site of SS. Crocifisso. Although this sanctuary is only found in documents from the mid-12th century onwards, many early medieval spolia used in the later church of SS. Crocifisso indicate the presence of a much earlier phase. Around AD 1000 the population probably moved towards the more easily defensible hill-site of Montecchio (later called Treia) and the original town site remained practically deserted.

The town sided with the Pope in the temporal struggles of central Italy, and was besieged several times, and in particular in 1239 by Enzio, son and vicar of Frederick II and again in 1263 by Conrad of Antioch, who was captured at the nearby battle of Vallesacco, and held for several months in town in a small prison (now in use as a caffé).

Montecchio eventually became part of the Papal States, and in 1790 Pope Pius VI rewarded it for its faithfulness by raising it to the official rank of "city", at the same time renaming it by its Roman name of Treia.

Treia's most famous native was the archaeologist and art critic Luigi Lanzi.

Archaeology
From 2000 onwards the Potenza Valley Survey Project, a project of Ghent University directed by Frank Vermeulen, attempts to map all buried structures of the ancient town. The survey methodology involves a series of aerial photography operations, large-scale geophysical prospections and intensive artefact surveys and studies. Due to all this new information it is now possible to map most parts of the town’s infrastructure in detail. Roman Trea was situated along an important byroad of the via Flaminia, which connected Rome directly to the harbour city Ancona, via most of the Potenza Valley. Around this road a street-side settlement developed gradually into a real town during the Late Republic. The town wall delimiting the main urban area has an irregular oval shape, which agrees well with the general topographic configuration of the hilly plateau. The total enclosed area is only about 11 ha but possibly extramural habitation areas existed, particularly on the eastern and western sides. The street grid, individuating insulae of different size, is organized parallel with and perpendicular to a central decumanus maximus. Centrally the main road is interrupted by the monumental forum complex. The open rectangular square, is bordered by porticoes, tabernae and a series of public buildings. Centrally on the eastern side stood a rectangular building identified as the main podium temple. On and near the short west side of the forum stood a basilica, and possibly a curia. The planned forum was probably constructed in late Republican and early Imperial times. The remnants of another temple, discovered under the bell tower of the sanctuary of SS. Crocifisso and partly excavated by the University of Macerata in the 1980s, can be considered as an Egyptian sanctuary for Isis and Serapis. The discovery of a marble head of Serapis and a number of smaller Egyptian statuettes, as well as the second century AD inscription that mentions the temple of the “Domina” (the goddess Isis), can lead to the interpretation that this foreign cult was practiced here.

Religious buildings

 * Treia Cathedral (SS. Annunziata): medieval brick Duomo
 * Santuario del SS. Crocefisso: a large early 20th‑century church complex
 * San Filippo Neri: Baroque church
 * Santa Chiara: late-Baroque/early-Neoclassic church
 * San Michele
 * San Francesco
 * San Lorenzo
 * Santa Maria del Suffragio
 * Monastero della Visitazione

Secular buildings

 * Palazzo Municipale: 17th‑century Town Hall (includes a collection of Renaissance and classical paintings that may be visited on request
 * Villa Spada or Villa "La Quiete": work of the neoclassical architect Giuseppe Valadier (now in ruins)
 * Museum of the town's history, inaugurated in 2004.
 * Georgic Academy
 * Archaeological Museum
 * Municipal Theatre

title: Treia


text:
United Nations Service Medal Korea

The United Nations Service Medal Korea (UNSMK) is an international military decoration established by the United Nations on December 12, 1950 as the United Nations Service Medal. The decoration was the first international award ever created by the United Nations and recognized the multi-national defense forces which participated in the Korean War.

Criteria
The United Nations Service Medal (Korea) is awarded to any military service member, of an Armed Force allied with South Korea, who participated in the defense of South Korea from North Korea between June 27th 1950 and July 27th 1954 for a minimum of 30 days. The military forces of the Netherlands are awarded the medal for service to January 1, 1955, while the armed forces of Thailand and Sweden grant the award to July 27, 1955.

International Red Cross personnel engaged for service during the war with any United Nations relief team in Korea were not eligible for the medal.

The ultimate award authority of the United Nations Service Medal is United Nations Commander-in-Chief of military forces in Korea. Most countries consider the United Nations Service Medal an automatic decoration, if some other Korean service award was bestowed, and generally award the medal without requesting permission through United Nations channels. For instance, in the United States Armed Forces, any service member awarded the Korean Service Medal is automatically granted the United Nations Service Medal.

Medal name
On November 22, 1961, the United Nations officially changed the name of the United Nations Service Medal to the United Nations Service Medal Korea. This was as a prelude to the creation of many subsequent United Nations medals which are awarded for various operations around the world.

The United States and some other countries continue to refer to the medal as the United Nations Service Medal in an effort to maintain consistency with past military files referring to the medal by its original name.

Description
The UN Korea Medal is a 36mm wide circular medal of bronze alloy. The obverse depicts the 'World-in-a Wreath' emblem of the United Nations. The reverse has the inscription: FOR SERVICE IN DEFENCE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Each participating country has the text in the most appropriate language, and the inscription may be in any one of the following languages: The medal hangs from a claw attachment on a straight bar suspension. Each medal is worn with a medal bar bearing the inscription KOREA in the same language as the reverse inscription. The medal's ribbon made up of 17 equal stripes of United Nations blue (Bluebird 67117) and white, 9 blue and 8 white, each 5/64 in wide, with the exception of the Turkish medals that were usually worn with a dark red, single colour ribbon, as the standard pale blue and white were too similar to the Flag of Greece, considered as a rival country.
 * Amharic, awarded to personnel from the Ethiopian Empire, 5.650 medals issued
 * Dutch, 5.800 medals issued
 * English, awarded to personnel from Australia, Canada (english-speaking), Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Sweden, United Kingdom, Union of South Africa and United States of America, 2.760.000 medals issued
 * French, awarded to personnel from Belgium, Canada (french-speaking), France and Luxembourg, 16.900 medals awarded
 * Greek, 9.000 medals issued
 * Italian, 135 medals issued
 * Korean, 1.225.000 medals issued
 * Spanish, awarded to personnel from Colombia, 1.300 medals issued
 * Thai, 10.650 medals issued
 * Turkish, 33.700 medals issued
 * An unknown number of an unofficial copy with inscriptions in Tagalog were produced in the Philippines for local veterans.

title: United Nations Service Medal Korea


text:
File:Imperial Examination.JPG

Retrieved from Yahoo Photo Search http://hk.imagesearch.yahoo.com/search/hk_image?p=%ac%ec%c1%7c&act=&o_p=1&b=1 on 20 October 2004

title: File:Imperial Examination.JPG


text:
Talk:Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 12 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kphelps1991.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:40, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6ENwov200?url=http://wilderness.nps.gov/document/WildernessAct.pdf to http://wilderness.nps.gov/document/WildernessAct.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:39, 8 July 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Writing 2
— Assignment last updated by MikayelHun04 (talk) 19:59, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arctic National Wildlife Refuge


text:
John H. Kinzie

John Harris Kinzie (July 7, 1803 – June 19, 1865) was a prominent figure in Chicago politics during the 19th century. He served as the president of the Board of Trustees of Chicago when it was still a town and thrice unsuccessfully ran for Chicago's mayoralty once it was incorporated as a city.

Early life
Kinzie was born in Sandwich, Ontario, the eldest son of John Kinzie, one of Chicago's first permanent settlers. Kinzie arrived in Chicago with his parents when he was one year old.

The Kinzie family moved to Detroit, Michigan following the Battle of Fort Dearborn, living there for several years. However, the family returned to Chicago in 1816.

Life and career
From 1818 until 1823, Kinzie worked for the American Fur Company. He spent some time working for the governor of the Michigan Territory in the 1820s and became an Indian subagent at Fort Winnebago until he returned to Chicago in 1833.

In 1831, Kinzie was appointed by governor as the inaugural Cook County Sheriff.

In 1833, Kinzie signed the 1833 Treaty of Chicago as a witness. It became a controversy how much the Kinzie family financially benefited from the terms treaty, given their connection to George Bryan Porter, who had been one of the treaty's government-appointed negotiators.

On August 11, 1834, Kinzie became the second president of the Board of Trustees of the Town of Chicago.

On May 2, 1837 Kinzie ran against William Butler Ogden for mayor when Chicago became a city and lost. He subsequently made two more unsuccessful runs for mayor in 1845 and 1847.

In partnership with George W. Dole, Kinzie built the city's first steamboat.

In 1857 Kinzie was voted president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters.

Kinzie served as U.S. Army paymaster for Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois troops in the Civil War

Death and legacy
Kinzie died suddenly while on a railroad train on June 21, 1865.

John H. Kinzie Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois is named after him.

The house he and his wife resided in for a short period at the end of his time as an Indian sub-agent, now known as the Old Indian Agency House, in Portage, Wisconsin, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Family
Kinzie's father was John Kinzie and his mother was Eleanor Lytle McKillip Kinzie.

Kinzie himself was married to historian and author Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie. Together they had seven children. Three of their children died in either their infancy or youth, these being Alexander Wolcott (1833–1839), Julian Magill (born 1843, died at age six weeks), and Francis William (1844–1850, died of cholera). Four of their children survived into adulthood, these being Eleanor Lytle (1835–1917), John Harris Jr. (1838–1862), Capt. Arthur Magill (1841–1902), and George Herbert (1846–1890)

Kinzie's daughter Eleanor Lytle married William Washington Gordon II (the son of Savannah, Georgia mayor William Washington Gordon) with whom she had six children (including Juliette Gordon Low, founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA).

One of Kinzie's sons died fighting for the Union in the Civil War, two others were taken prisoner by Confederate forces but survived. His son-in-law William Washington Gordon II was an officer in the Confederate Army, fighting first under J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry before becoming a captain in Mercer's Brigade and eventually falling wounded during the Battle of Lovejoy's Station.

title: John H. Kinzie


text:
KlingStubbins

KlingStubbins was an architectural, engineering, interior, and planning firm headquartered in Philadelphia, with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; San Francisco; Washington, D.C.; and Beijing. In 1982, the Franklin Institute awarded Vincent G. Kling the Frank P. Brown Medal.

Firm history
KlingStubbins was formed through the merger of two offices in 2007. The first, The Kling-Lindquist Partnership, Inc., was founded by Vincent Kling (1916–2013) in 1946, and grew to become the largest firm in Philadelphia. One of the most recognizable buildings designed by Kling is the Bell Atlantic Tower, which was completed in 1991 and remains among the tallest buildings in Philadelphia. Kling also collaborated with Philadelphia city planner Edmund Bacon.

The Stubbins Associates was founded by Hugh Stubbins, FAIA, in 1949 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hugh Stubbins had designed several of the world's most noted skyscrapers, including the Citicorp Center in New York City, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston headquarters in Boston, and the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan. Kling became affiliated with The Stubbins Associates in 2003, and the two officially merged on January 1, 2007. The company grew to include engineering, interior design, landscape architecture, and several branch offices in other cities.

Michael Paul Smith, later founder of the popular Elgin Park miniature imaginary village, worked for the company as model maker in the 1970s.

In 2011, KlingStubbins was acquired by Jacobs Engineering Group and operates as part of their Global Buildings sector.

Notable designs

 * Campbell's Employee Center, Camden, New Jersey, 2010
 * Autodesk AEC Headquarters, Waltham, Massachusetts, 2008
 * AT&T Headquarters Basking Ridge, New Jersey (1971-1974)
 * United States Postal Service Processing & Distribution Center, Philadelphia, 2006
 * Merck Research Laboratories Boston, 2005
 * University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Research Complex I, Aurora, Colorado, 2005
 * The Venetian Resort, Las Vegas, USA, 2003
 * Wyeth Headquarters Phase II, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
 * Bell Atlantic Tower, Philadelphia, 1991
 * Penn Center, Philadelphia, 1950s
 * GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical R&D Headquarters Complex, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
 * Dow Jones & Company Corporate Office Facility, Princeton, New Jersey
 * SAP AG America Corporate Headquarters, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania
 * International Monetary Fund Headquarters (Phases I, 2 and 3), Washington, DC 1971–1999
 * Congress Hall, Berlin
 * Yokohama Landmark Tower, Yokohama, Japan
 * Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
 * Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia
 * Citigroup Center, New York City
 * North Shore High School, Glen Head, New York
 * Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, California
 * One Cleveland Center, Cleveland
 * Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
 * PacWest Center, Portland, Oregon
 * Salesforce Tower, Indianapolis
 * Nashville City Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Publications
Both The Stubbins Associates and Kling-Lindquist have published several architectural monographs. Their first combined volume, KlingStubbins: Palimpsest, was published in 2009 by Images Publishing. Drawing on several years of in-house research on laboratory design, KlingStubbins published a design reference book, Sustainable Design of Research Laboratories: Planning, Design, and Operation, through Wiley in 2010, which examines inter-disciplinary design strategies for sustainable design and energy efficiency in the design and operation of research laboratories.

Project delivery innovation
With their Autodesk Headquarters in Waltham, MA, KlingStubbins became the first architectural firm in New England to employ an Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) model. As opposed to traditional project delivery methods in which a project owner employs an architect/engineering team for design services and a contractor team for building services on separate contracts, IPD requires the owner, architect, and builder to sign a shared contract, expediting the design/building process and sharing both liability and profits among the three parties. The project garnered international recognition for the design but also for the novelty of its project structure, which resulted in a significantly faster project schedule, no legal disputes among the various parties, and no change orders on the construction site.

Honors and awards

 * Autodesk AEC Headquarters, Waltham, MA, USA, 2008
 * Kling elected into the National Academy of Design, 1964

title: KlingStubbins


text:
Joliot (crater)

Joliot is a large lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just past the eastern limb. At this location it lies in a region of the surface that comes into sight during a favorable libration, although at such times it is viewed from the side. Thus viewing this crater in detail must be done from orbit.

The crater lies at the northern fringes of the lava-flooded region of the surface associated with Mare Marginis to the south. The crater Lomonosov is located just to the east-northeast, and Lyapunov is attached to the western rim. Also attached to the northwest rim, and thus adjacent to Lyapunov, is the crater Rayleigh. Southwest of Joliet is Hubble and farther to the south lies Al-Biruni.

The outer rim of Joliet is worn and somewhat disintegrated, particularly in the northern and southern sections where the outer wall consists of little more than irregular ridges and craterlets. The rim is somewhat more intact to the east, and particularly so in the west where it has been buttressed by adjacent crater formations.

Within the outer rim, the interior floor has been flooded in the past by basaltic lava, leaving a relatively flattened surface that has a lower albedo than the surrounding terrain and so appears darker. Parts of the floor have been coated in ray material from the fresh crater Giordano Bruno to the northeast.

The lava-covered floor contains several ghost-crater remnants, with the largest being an elongated formation to the west of the midpoint. At the midpoint of the floor is a central peak formation.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Joliot.

title: Joliot (crater)


text:
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

Jayaatu Khan (Mongolian: Заяат хаан ; Jayaγatu qaγan; ), born Tugh Temür (Mongolian: Төвтөмөр ; ), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wenzong of Yuan (16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the 12th Khagan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire.

He first ruled from 16 October 1328 to 26 February 1329 before abdicating in favour of his brother Kusala (Emperor Mingzong), and again ruled from 8 September 1329 to 2 September 1332 after Kusala's death.

Thanks to his father's loyal partisans, Tugh Temür did restore the line of Khayishan (Emperor Wuzong) to the throne but persecuted his eldest brother Kusala's family, and later expressed remorse for what he had done to him. His name means "Blessed/lucky Khan".

Tugh Temür sponsored many cultural activities, wrote poetry, painted, and read Chinese classical texts. Examples of his quite competent poetry and calligraphy have survived. He mandated and closely monitored the compilation called "The Imperial Dynasty's grand institutions for managing the world"; through this textual production, he proclaimed his reign as new beginning, which took stock of the administrative practices and rules of the past and looked forward to a fresh chapter in Yuan dynastic governance. But his reign was brief, and his administration was in the hands of powerful ministers, such as El Temür of the Qipchaq and Bayan of the Merkid who had helped him to win the succession struggle in 1328.

Early life
He was the second son of Khayishan (Külüg Khan or Emperor Wuzong) and a Tangut woman, and a younger brother of Kuśala. When his father Khayishan suddenly died and his younger brother Ayurbarwada inherited the Yuan throne in 1311, he and his brother were removed from the central government by his grandmother Dagi and other Khunggirad faction members including Temüder since they were not mothered by Khunggirad khatuns. After Ayurbarwada's son Shidibala ascended the throne in 1320, Tugh Temür was banished to Hainan. When Shidibala was assassinated and Yesün Temür took over as the new ruler, conditions improved for Tugh Temür. He was given the title of Prince of Huai and relocated to Jiankang (modern-day Nanjing) and then to Jiangling. By this time he already showed a wide range of scholarly and artistic interests and had surrounded himself with many distinguished Chinese literati and artists. As the persecuted sons of Khayishan Külüg Khan, Tugh Temür and Kusala still enjoyed a measure of sympathy among the Borjigin princes and, more importantly, the lingering loyalty of some of their father's followers who had survived various political purges.

Civil war
The death of Yesün Temür Khan in Shangdu in 1328 gave Khayishan's line an opportunity to surface. But it was mainly due to El Temür's political ingenuity, whose Qipchaq family reached its zenith under Khayishan. He activated a conspiracy in the capital Khanbaliq (Dadu, modern Beijing) to overthrow the court at Shangdu. He and his entourages enjoyed enormous geographical and economic advantages over the loyalists of Yesun Temur. Tugh Temür was recalled to Khanbaliq by El Temür since his more influential brother Kuśala stayed in far-away Central Asia. He was installed as the new ruler in Khanbaliq in September while Yesün Temür's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support from Yesün Temür's favourite retainer Dawlat Shah.

Ragibagh's forces broke through the Great Wall at several points, and penetrated as far as the outskirts of Khanbaliq. El Temür, however, was able to turn the tide quickly in his favour. The restorationists from Manchuria (Liaodong) and eastern Mongolia launched a surprise attack on the loyalists. Their army under the command of Bukha Temur and Orlug Temur, descendants of Genghis Khan's brothers, surrounded Shangdu on 14 November, at a time most of the loyalists were involved on the Great Wall front. The loyalists in Shangdu surrendered on the very next day, and Dawlat Shah and most of the leading loyalists were taken prisoner and later executed. Ragibagh was reported to be missing. With the surrender of Shangdu, the way to restoring Khayishan's imperial line was cleared, although the loyalists elsewhere continued the fighting until 1332.

Regicide and purge
At the same time, however, his elder brother Khutughtu Khan Kusala gathered support from princes and generals in Mongolia and Chagatai Khanate and entered Karakorum with the overwhelming military presence. Realizing disadvantages, Tugh Temür declared abdication and summoned his brother. Accompanied by the Chagatai ruler Eljigidey, Kusala in response enthroned himself on 27 February 1329 north of Karakorum. El Temür brought the imperial seal to Kuśala in Mongolia and announced Dadu's intent to welcome him, and Tugh Temür was made heir apparent. According to an oral tradition, Kusala's retainers treated him discourteously when he came to the camp of Kusala, thus making him both fearful and angry. But Kusala thanked El Temür and appointed him grand councillor of the right wing of the Secretariat with the title of Darqan taishi. Kuśala had proceeded to appoint his own loyal followers to important posts in the Secretariat, the Bureau of Military Affairs, and the Censorate.

On his way to Dadu, on 26 August, Kuśala met with Tugh Temür in Ongghuchad near Shangdu. Only 4 days after a banquet with Tugh Temür, he suddenly died, or was supposedly killed with poison by El Temür who feared losing power to princes and officers of Chaghadayid Khanate and Mongolia who followed Kuśala. Tugh Temür was restored to the throne on 8 September 1329. His conspiracy and victory over the loyalists and the death of Kusala eliminated the power of the steppe candidates from Mongolia.

Tugh Temür's administration carried out a bloody purge against its enemies. Not only leading supporters of Yesün Temür's successor Raghibagh were executed and exiled, but their properties were confiscated. Tugh Temür denied posthumous names of Yesün Temür and Raghibagh, and destroyed the chamber in the imperial shrine which contained the tablet of Yesün Temür's father Gammala. El Temür purged pro-Kuśala officers and brought power to warlords.

Efforts to win recognition
Because Tugh Temür's accession was so transparently illegitimate, it was more important for his regime than for any previous reign to rely on liberal enfeoffments and generous awards to rally support from the nobility and officialdom. During his four-year reign, twenty-four princely titles were handed out, nine of which were of the first rank. Of these nine first-rank princes, seven were not even Kublai Khan's descendants. Not only were the imperial grants restored in 1329, but all the properties confiscated from the Shangdu loyalists also were given to princes and officials who had made contributions to the restoration; in all, 125 individual properties are estimated to have changed hands.

Action was also taken to win recognition from the other Mongol khanates to be accepted as their nominal suzerain. Tugh Temür sent three princes with lavish gifts to the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate and the Ilkhanate. And he also sent Muqali's descendant Naimantai to Eljigidey, who strongly supported Kusala, to give the royal seal and gifts in order to mollify his anger. However, Tugh Temür made regarding success, and saw favourable responses. Thus Tugh Temür was able to re-establish suzerainty over the Mongol world for himself and to maintain a close relationship with the three western khanates.

Administration and court life
The four-year reign of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür was dominated by El Temur and Bayan of the Merkid. As the persons who had been chiefly responsible for making the restoration possible, they acquired a measure of power and honour that had never before been attained by any official in the Yuan. They built their own power bases in the bureaucracy and the military, and their role overshadowed Tugh Temür. Tugh Temür honoured his father's former ministers and gave them honorific titles, and restored the honours of Sanpo and Toghto who had been persecuted by Ayurbarwada. The participants in the restoration were given most of the positions of importance in his administration. A few of the Muslims held posts in provinces, however, they did not have any position in the central government.

In the latter part of 1330 the Emperor went in person to perform the great sacrifice to the sky, which was done by deputy. This was followed by a general amnesty, and by the proclamation of his young son Aratnadara as heir apparent in January 1331. Tugh Temür's consort Budashiri, having a grudge against Babusha, the widow of Kusala, had her assassinated by a eunuch. Then she sent Kusala's son Toghon Temür in exile to Korea to secure her son's succession; but Aratnadara died one month after his designation as heir. This sudden death of his son completely upset Tugh Temür's plan for succession. Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür caused his another son, Gunadara (Kulatana), to live with El Temur and recognize him as his father, and changed his name to El Tegus.

Because a budget deficit of the government drastically increased, and reached 2.3 million ding of paper currency in 1330 alone, Tugh Temür's court attempted to curtail its spending on such items as imperial grants, Buddhist sacrifices, and palace expenses. With those measures, they could keep the budget deficit within manageable figure, and had sufficient grain reserves at its disposal.

Prince Tugel Rebellion
The added costs of the war against the loyalists and the suppression of the revolts by the ethnic minorities, and natural disasters heavily taxed resources of Tugh Temür's government. The war in Yunnan continued with doubtful success, but the Imperial general Aratnashiri having collected an army of 100,000 men, defeated the Lolos and other mountaineers, and killed two of their chiefs. He seems to have quelled the rebellion and pacified Yunnan and Sichuan. Lo yu, one of the rebel chiefs in Yunnan, had escaped to the mountains; he collected a body of his people, and, dividing them into sixty small parties, overran the country of Chunyuen, where they committed frightful devastation. A force marched against them and Tugh Temür's army stormed their chief stronghold. Three sons and two brothers of Prince Tugel were made prisoners, while a third brother drowned himself rather than fall into the hands of the imperial army. Tugel's partisans gave up their cause in March 1332. This campaigns costed 630,000 ding of paper currency. Tugh Temür, who preferred luxury life, hardly deigned to show any interest in this distant campaign. The conduct of the Emperor caused much discontent, and Yelu Timur, son of Ananda who attempted to take the throne in 1307, in conjunction with the heads of the Lama religion in China, formed a plot to displace him; but this was discovered, and they were duly punished.

Academy, arts and learning
Tugh Temür had a good knowledge of the Chinese language and history and was also a creditable poet, calligrapher, and painter. With his actual power greatly circumscribed by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution. Posing as a cultivated sovereign of the Yuan, Tugh Temür adopted many measures honouring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. In 1330, he awarded laudatory titles to several past Confucian sages and masters, and himself performed the suburban offerings to Heaven, and thus became the first Yuan emperor to perform in person this important traditional Chinese state observance. To promote Confucian morality, the court each year honoured many men and women who were known for their filial piety and chastity.

To prevent the Chinese from following Mongolian and hence un-Confucian customs, the government decreed in 1330 that men who took their widowed stepmothers or sister-in-law as wives, in violation of their own community's customs, would be punished. In the meantime, to encourage the Mongols and the Muslims to follow the Chinese customs, the officials of these two ethnic groups were allowed in 1329 to observe the Chinese custom of three years of mourning for deceased parents. He supported Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism. He supervised the construction of the Stupa of Master Zhaozhou in the Buddhist Bailin Temple.

His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was his founding of the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature, first established in the spring of 1329, and was designed to undertake "a number of tasks relating to the transmission of Confucian high culture to the Mongolian imperial establishment". These tasks included the elucidation of the Confucian classics and Chinese history to the emperor; the education of the scions of high-ranking notables and the younger members of the kesig; the collection, collation, and compilation of books; and the appraisal and classifications of the paintings and calligraphic works in the imperial collection. Of the 113 officials successively serving in the academy, there were many distinguished Chinese literati, and the best Mongolian and Muslim scholars of Chinese learning of the time. Concentrating so many talents in one governmental organ to perform various literary, artistic, and educational activities was unprecedented not only in the Yuan dynasty but also in Chinese history.

The academy was responsible for compiling and publishing a number of books. But its most important achievement was its compilation of a vast institutional compendium named Jingshi Dadian (, "Grand canon for governing the world"). The purpose of bringing together and systematizing all important Yuan official documents and laws in this work according to the pattern of Huiyao (, "Comprehensive essentials of institutions") of the Tang and Song dynasties was apparently to demonstrate that Yuan rule was as perfect as that of earlier Chinese dynasties. Started in May 1330, this ambitious project was completed in thirteen months. It later provided the basis for the various treatises of the Yuanshi (History of Yuan), which was compiled at the beginning of the Ming dynasty.

Later life
Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, whose despotic rule clearly marked the decline of the empire, the actual impact of the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature on the government as a whole was limited. El Temür eventually seized control of the academy in early 1332, just six months before the death of Tugh Temür. The academy had come to an end after Tugh Temür's death. Although El Tegüs was still alive, on his deathbed Tugh Temür expressed remorse for what he had done to his elder brother, Kusala, and his intention to pass the throne to Toghon Temür. After Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür died on 2 September 1332, Kuśala's second son Rinchinbal was installed by El Temür only at the age of six because Toghon Temür was far away from the central government.

Family

 * Parents:
 * Külüg, Wuzong (武宗 曲律汗; 4 August 1281 – 27 January 1311)
 * Concubine, of the Tanguts (妃子)
 * Wives and children:
 * Budashiri (卜答失里; c. 1305 – c. 1340) of the Khongirad clan, first cousin
 * Aradnadara (阿剌忒纳答剌; d. 22 February 1332), first son
 * El Tegüs (燕帖古思; c. 1329 – 9 August 1340, second son
 * Taipingna (太平讷), third son

title: Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür


text:
User talk:Jashiin

Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:08, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

Six years now, - miss you! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:11, 27 May 2020 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:John-Cage-time-brackets.png
Thanks for uploading File:John-Cage-time-brackets.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 19:02, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Cage-widow-excerpt.ogg

The file File:Cage-widow-excerpt.ogg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Insufficiently supported by critical commentary, or easily conveyed in text. Content heard in snippet not contextually significant to the composer."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.

''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:00, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Gould-bwv846-prelude.ogg

The file File:Gould-bwv846-prelude.ogg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Content heard in sample insufficiently supported by critical commentary or easily conveyed in text. Not contextually significant to Glenn Gould."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.

''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:01, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

File:Gould-hwv426-4.ogg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Gould-hwv426-4.ogg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you.

Also:
 * File:Gould-mozart-330.ogg
 * File:Gould-bwv1080-5.ogg

''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:00, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of List of Puddle Lane books

The article List of Puddle Lane books has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "WP:NOTDATABASE. Topic is discussed (briefly, but still in more depth than on this list) at Puddle Lane. No redirect required (unusual search term, no incoming links aside from Puddle Lane and Lists of books)."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. asilvering (talk) 18:13, 25 January 2024 (UTC)

Nomination of List of Puddle Lane books for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of Puddle Lane books is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of Puddle Lane books until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. asilvering (talk) 20:19, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jashiin


text:
Milne (crater)

Milne is a large lunar crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon, named after the British mathematician and astrophysicist Edward Arthur Milne. It lies to the northeast of the Mare Australe, and southeast of Lacus Solitudinis.

The formation has been heavily eroded and reshaped by a long history of impacts, leaving a low, irregular ridge line around most of the perimeter. The southern portion of the wall has been obliterated by impacts, and this area is now overlain by the craters Milne M and Milne N. Milne N has a ray system and is mapped as part of the Copernican System.

Although the interior floor is relatively flat, it has been marred by many impacts in the surface. The most prominent of these is the satellite crater Milne K, which is located just to the south of the midpoint. Overlapping the southern rim of K is the smaller Milne L. In the northeast part of the floor is an unusual tight formation of 10–12 small impacts that almost resembles a cluster of grapes.

The crater floor is somewhat irregular in the northwestern part, where the prominent crater Scaliger intrudes into the outer rim, leaving ejecta across the floor. Other nearby craters include Alden to the north, Parkhurst to the west, Schaeberle to the northeast, and Bjerknes to the south. Farther to the northeast is the walled plain Fermi and the impressive Tsiolkovskiy.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Milne.

title: Milne (crater)


text: User talk:219.93.174.102

title: User talk:219.93.174.102


text:
Andy McNab

Steven Billy Mitchell (born 28 December 1959), usually known by the pseudonym and pen-name of Andy McNab, is a novelist and former Special Air Service soldier.

He came into public prominence in 1993 when he published a book entitled Bravo Two Zero containing an account of a military mission which he led with the Special Air Service (SAS) during the Gulf War, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. He had previously been awarded the Military Medal in 1979 for gallantry in action whilst serving with the Royal Green Jackets in Northern Ireland.

He has published a number of other novels and two autobiographies in addition to Bravo Two Zero. He has also published a book on psychopathy entitled The Good Psychopath's Guide to Success, claiming that he exhibits many psychopathic traits.

Early life
McNab was born on 28 December 1959. He did not do well in school, and eventually attended nine schools in seven years. After dropping out of school McNab worked at various odd jobs, usually for friends and relatives, and was involved in petty criminality, finally being arrested for burglary in 1976. Partly inspired by his brother's time in the army, he wanted to join the British Army. He failed the entry test for training as an army pilot, but enlisted with the Royal Green Jackets at the age of sixteen after being released from juvenile detention.

When McNab joined the army he was found to have the reading age of an eleven-year-old. Shortly before his seventeenth birthday he read his first book, entitled Janet and John. Speaking in 2019, McNab recalled how "I can vividly remember the sense of pride and achievement I felt. It was meant for primary school children but I didn’t care ... From then on I read anything and everything I could get my hands on."

Military career
He was posted to Kent for his basic training, and boxed for his regimental team. After basic training, he was posted to the Rifle Depot in Winchester. In 1977 he spent time in Gibraltar as part of his first operational posting, while with 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets.

From December 1977 to June 1978, he was posted to South Armagh, Northern Ireland, as part of the British Army's Operation Banner. In 1978 and 1979, he returned to Armagh as a newly promoted Lance Corporal, and claimed to have killed for the first time during a firefight with the Provisional Irish Republican Army. McNab wrote of the incident: "I remember vividly the first time I had to kill someone to stay alive. I was a 19-year-old soldier in Keady, South Armagh, and my patrol stumbled across six IRA soldiers, preparing for an ambush. When the shooting started, they were just 20 metres away from my patrol. I was scared, very scared." He was awarded the Military Medal for this incident. However, security sources later reported that the person McNab shot was only wounded and died as a result of injuries from a separate shootout later that day.

In 1982, after six years' service with the Royal Green Jackets (RGJ), and having been promoted to the rank of sergeant, he applied for transfer into the Special Air Service Regiment, which was approved by the RGJ. After failing his first attempt at United Kingdom Special Forces Selection, he passed in 1984, and was attached to the SAS, with which he remained for the rest of his career in the British Army. During his 10 years with "Air Troop", B Squadron, 22 SAS Regiment, he served with Al Slater, Frank Collins and Charles "Nish" Bruce. Writing in The Daily Telegraph in November 2008, McNab describes Bruce as "one of my heroes."

McNab worked on both covert and overt operations including counter terrorism and drug operations in the Middle East and Far East, South and Central America and Northern Ireland. McNab trained as a specialist in counter terrorism, prime target elimination, demolitions, weapons, tactics, covert surveillance roles and information gathering in hostile environments, and VIP protection. He worked on cooperative operations with police forces, prison services, anti-drug forces and Western-backed guerrilla movements as well as on conventional special operations. In Northern Ireland, he spent two years working as an undercover operator with 14 Intelligence Company, going on to become an instructor.

During the Gulf War, McNab commanded an eight-man SAS patrol, designated Bravo Two Zero, that was given the task of destroying underground communication links between Baghdad and north-west Iraq and with tracking Scud missile movements in the region. The patrol was dropped into Iraq on 22 January 1991, but was soon compromised, following which it attempted an escape on foot towards Syria, the closest coalition country.

Three of the eight were killed, and four captured (including McNab) after three days on the run; one member, Chris Ryan, escaped. The captured men were held for six weeks before being released on 5 March. By that time, McNab was suffering from nerve damage to both hands, a dislocated shoulder, kidney and liver damage, and hepatitis B. After six months of medical treatment he was back on active service.

Awarded both the Distinguished Conduct Medal and Military Medal during his military career, McNab claims to have been the British Army's most highly decorated serving soldier when he left the SAS in February 1993.

Post-military career
McNab assumed his pseudonym while writing Bravo Two Zero. When he appeared on television to promote his books or to act as a special services expert, his face was shadowed to prevent identification. According to the book The Big Breach, by Richard Tomlinson, a renegade MI6 spy, McNab was part of a special training team after the Iraq War, training MI6 recruits in sabotage and guerrilla warfare techniques.

Due to the extremely sensitive nature of his work while serving with the SAS, McNab is bound by contract to submit his writings to the Ministry of Defence for review.

After leaving the Army, McNab developed and maintained a specialist training course for news crews, journalists and members of non-governmental organisations working in hostile environments. He spent time in Hollywood as a technical weapons adviser and trainer on Michael Mann's film Heat. He was also the technical adviser on the 2005 crime film Dirty.

In February 2007, McNab returned to Iraq for seven days as The Sun newspaper's security adviser with 2nd Battalion, The Rifles.

McNab has written about his experiences in the SAS in three best-selling books, Bravo Two Zero (1993), Immediate Action (1995), and Seven Troop (2008). Bravo Two Zero sold over 1.7 million copies, with Immediate Action selling 1.4 million in the UK. It has been published in 17 countries and translated into 16 languages. The CD spoken word version of Bravo Two Zero, narrated by McNab, sold over 60,000 copies and earned a silver disc. A BBC film of Bravo Two Zero, starring Sean Bean, was shown on prime time BBC One television in 1999 and released on DVD in 2000. Immediate Action, McNab's autobiography, spent 18 weeks at the top of the best-seller lists following the lifting of an ex-parte injunction granted to the Ministry of Defence in September 1995.

The veracity of McNab's first book, Bravo Two Zero, has been questioned by Michael Asher, an explorer, Arabist and former SAS reservist, who visited Iraq with a Channel 4 film crew, and interviewed many eyewitnesses. Asher concluded that much of what McNab wrote was a fabrication, and that there was no evidence that the Bravo Two Zero patrol accounted for a single enemy casualty. Moreover, McNab's account and that of his comrade Chris Ryan are contradictory on many points. This has been corroborated by Peter Ratcliffe, who was regimental sergeant major of 22 SAS Regiment during the Gulf War, who stated that, in a debriefing to the entire Regiment, recorded on video, none of the patrol members mentioned contacts with large numbers of enemies or any of the other extraordinary incidents included in the books. Asher's conclusion was that the book's claim to be "the true story of an SAS patrol in action" was a fraud.

McNab now lives in New York City with his fifth wife. He is a director of military service recruitment, mentoring and Foundation organisation, ForceSelect.

In August 2014, McNab was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.

In the 2017 Birthday Honours, McNab was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to literacy and charity. The award recognised his charity work with The Reading Agency promoting literacy, particularly in young adults and prisoners. The award was gazetted under the name "Andrew McNab".

Fiction writing
McNab is the author of a number of action thrillers written with the help of a ghostwriter.

The Nick Stone Missions are a successful series based on an ex-SAS soldier working on deniable operations for British intelligence. The series draws extensively on McNab's experiences and knowledge of Special Forces soldiering. The Boy Soldier Series was written with the co-operation of Robert Rigby and follows a boy named Danny Watts and his grandfather Fergus, apparently a rogue ex-SAS soldier.

McNab has also written books for Quick Reads, a charity that supports World Book day. BBC raw words offers exclusive audio versions of the latest Quick Reads by Andy McNab, Last Night Another Soldier (2010), read by Rupert Degas. Other fiction books include Audio Stories, Men at War series, Battlefield 3, Tom Buckingham series, and two young adult series: Dropzone Stories and The New Recruit series.

McNab worked with DICE serving as the game's consultant on military tactics for Battlefield 3. He penned a tie-in novel called Battlefield 3: The Russian, which follows the story of a Spetsnaz GRU commando Dmitri "Dima" Mayakovsky and his involvement against the PLR (People's Liberation & Resistance), an Iranian paramilitary insurgent group, as well as his connection to the antagonist. The novel was released on 25 October 2011.

Film work
After his work on the Miramax film Heat, Miramax acquired the film rights to the first four of McNab's novels, and as of 2011 Echelon was in production, based on the book Firewall (2000). McNab is to co-produce and co-write the script and also act as technical adviser. In 2014, Luke Evans was cast as Tom Buckingham in Red Notice with Nick Love as director. McNab is to consult as technical adviser and have a role in production as well.

Other work
McNab took part in E4's Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack on 13 January 2008.

The Mobcast e-book platform he co-founded with Tony Lynch was sold to Tesco for £4.5 million; McNab's share was £1 million.

Non-fiction

 * Bravo Two Zero (1993)
 * Immediate Action (1995)
 * Seven Troop (2008)
 * Spoken From The Front (2009)
 * Spoken From The Front 2 (2011)
 * The Good Psychopath's Guide to Success (2014 – co-writer Dr. Kevin Dutton)
 * Sorted!: The Good Psychopath's Guide to Bossing Your Life (The Good Psychopath 2) (2015)
 * The Hunt (2022)

Fiction
Nick Stone Missions
 * 1) Remote Control (17 February 1998)
 * 2) Crisis Four (22 August 2000)
 * 3) Firewall (5 October 2000)
 * 4) Last Light (1 October 2001)
 * 5) Liberation Day (1 October 2002)
 * 6) Dark Winter (3 November 2003)
 * 7) Deep Black (1 November 2004)
 * 8) Aggressor (1 November 2005)
 * 9) Recoil (6 November 2006)
 * 10) Crossfire (12 November 2007)
 * 11) Brute Force (3 November 2008)
 * 12) Exit Wound (5 November 2009)
 * 13) Zero Hour (25 November 2010)
 * 14) Dead Centre (15 September 2011)
 * 15) Silencer (24 October 2013)
 * 16) For Valour (23 October 2014)
 * 17) Detonator (22 October 2015)
 * 18) Cold Blood (20 October 2016)
 * 19) Line Of Fire (20 October 2017)
 * 20) Down to the Wire (November 2022)

Boy Soldier Series (written with Robert Rigby)
 * 1) Boy Soldier (US title Traitor, 5 May 2005)
 * 2) Payback (6 October 2005)
 * 3) Avenger (4 May 2006)
 * 4) Meltdown (3 May 2007)

Quick Reads project
 * 1) The Grey Man (8 May 2006)
 * 2) Last Night Another Soldier (4 May 2010)
 * 3) Today Everything Changes (31 January 2013)
 * 4) On The Rock (4 February 2016)

Audio Stories
 * 1) Iraq Ambush (May 2007)
 * 2) Royal Kidnap (June 2007)
 * 3) Roadside Bomb (September 2007)
 * 4) Sniper (TBA ?)

Dropzone Series (Young Adult)
 * 1) Dropzone Bk. 1 (February 2010)
 * 2) Dropzone Bk. 2 – Terminal Velocity (March 2011)

Men at War Series (written with Kym Jordan)
 * 1) War Torn (13 May 2010)
 * 2) Battle Lines (19 July 2012)

Battlefield 3
 * 1) Battlefield 3: The Russian (October 2011)

Tom Buckingham Series
 * 1) Red Notice (25 October 2012)
 * 2) Fortress (22 May 2014)
 * 3) State Of Emergency (21 May 2015)

Nathan Pike Series
 * 1) Shadow State (05 January 2023)

The New Recruit – Liam Scott series (Young Adult)
 * 1) The New Recruit (20 December 2012)
 * 2) The New Patrol (30 January 2014)
 * 3) The New Enemy (15 January 2015)

Street Soldier – Sean Harker (Young Adult)
 * 1) Street Soldier (11 August 2016)
 * 2) Silent Weapon (10 August 2017)

Television

 * Andy McNab's Tour of Duty

title: Andy McNab


text:
Goddard (crater)

Goddard is a lunar impact crater that is located along the eastern limb of the Moon, and so is visible from the edge from Earth. It is best viewed during favorable librations when the orientation of the Moon brings it further into sight. The crater is located in the Mare Marginis, to the northeast of the prominent crater Neper. Ibn Yunus, a crater remnant, is attached to the southeastern rim and is partly overlaid by Goddard. To the northeast is Al-Biruni.

The rim of Goddard has nearly been destroyed along the southern edge, and the interior floor is connected to the surrounding mare through gaps in this section of the wall. The remainder of the rim is significantly eroded and worn, leaving only a ring of rugged ground surrounding the inner floor.

The floor of the crater has been resurfaced in the past by lava floods, leaving the interior nearly flat and featureless. There is no central peak, and only a few tiny craterlets mark the surface. The most prominent of these is a matched pair of small craterlets in the south-southwest part of the floor.

This feature is named after the pioneering rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Goddard.

title: Goddard (crater)