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Lone Star Iconoclast

The Lone Star Iconoclast was founded in December 2000 in Clifton, Texas to cover the area of Crawford, Texas, reportedly as a community newspaper. Its initial publications mirrored small-town life and centered on community events. The editors quickly switched to emphasizing politics and activism in its coverage, and some believed that the only reason for the creation of the paper was the proximity of President George W. Bush.

The newspaper is published by Smith Media, Inc. The newspaper's editor-in-chief is W. Leon Smith, and its senior editors Don. M. Fisher, Nathan Diebenow and Deborah Mathews. The publication is also host to columnists Jerry Tenuto, Paul Derrick, Melinda Pillsbury-Foster, Lloyd Garver, Bartee Haile and Ned Hickson. Additionally, The Lone Star Iconoclast features investigative reporter Stephen Webster, who has penned a number of the publication's more widely read features since 2005.

In 2004, the Iconoclast endorsed John Kerry for president. In 2000, prior to the creation of the Iconoclast, another of Smith's newspapers, The Clifton Record, had endorsed Bush as perhaps becoming "a uniter, not a divider" in Washington.

The result of the 2004 editorial was a boycott of the newspaper in Crawford and other areas of Central Texas, including cancellation of most of its subscriptions and virtually all of its advertisements. The editors claimed to experience retribution in the form of threats and promises of financial ruin followed, with thousands of phone calls, letters, e-mails, and personal visits to the newspaper.

But as people from throughout the country became aware of what happened and the editorial began to be republished in newspapers throughout the world and on Internet sites, new subscriptions came in, as did several support advertisements, which have helped the newspaper survive.

The editorial "John Kerry Will Restore American Dignity" was eventually read by millions worldwide, becoming one of the most-read single editorials ever, and catapulted The Iconoclast to worldwide attention and resulted in scores of international media interviews of its publisher. The editorial uncovered the "hidden agenda" of the Bush administration and took to task the federal debt, attempts to privatize Social Security, the administration's staunch opposition to stem cell research, the President's failed handling of the aftermath of 9/11, and the lies that led to the war in Iraq.

Shortly after publication of the editorial, due to an immediate lack of local support and funding, the newspaper was transformed into an independent national publication, with emphasis on politics and stories that other members of the mainstream media often tend to ignore or dismiss as left-wing conspiracy theories, such as the dangers of depleted uranium radiation, certain attacks upon First Amendment rights (notably only ones that are restrictive to the voice of the radical left) and their perceived costs of America's War on Drugs.

In August 2005, the Iconoclast provided extensive coverage of Cindy Sheehan’s journey to Crawford to ask the president "for what noble cause" her son Casey died in Iraq. This coverage resulted in the Iconoclast staff writing a book, The Vigil — 26 Days In Crawford, Texas, which was designed to detail how a peaceful series of protests can be held and to document an event that gave life to this century's first major anti-war movement. The book was self-published; it has not been determined how many if any copies actually were sold.

In August 2006, the Iconoclast published a story titled "Under Fire! U.S. Army Intelligence Analyst Targeted For Suggesting New Independent 9/11 Investigation". The investigative piece was penned by reporter Stephen Webster, and was widely circulated among the 9/11 Truth Movement. The 9/11 Truth Movement is a conspiracy theory movement exploring possible connections between the Bush administration and the September 11, 2001 attacks. The story detailed the plight of Sergeant First Class Donald Buswell, an Army intelligence analyst and veteran of both wars in Iraq. SFC Buswell is the holder of a Purple Heart for injuries sustained in April 2004, when his convoy was hit by a rocket.

SFC Buswell, the Iconoclast revealed, had responded to a mass e-mail about the September 11, 2001 conspiracy theories. Buswell argued to the sender that there are many unanswered questions about the events of that day, and claimed he feels a new investigation is necessary. The following day, Buswell was placed under investigation by Colonel Luke S. Green, Chief of Staff of Fifth Army in Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, for "making statements disloyal to the United States."

Usually featured each week in the Iconoclast is a cover story (an interview). The contents include national, state, and local news stories, plus a wide variety of opinion columns by writers from throughout the country, plus a staff-written editorial on a current topic.

The online edition newspaper may be accessed at its website, www.lonestaricon.com. The print edition is published monthly and is available through subscriptions.

title: Lone Star Iconoclast


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Talk:Emotional intelligence

Criticism section
Shouldn't the topic on "Nancy Gibbs on emotional intelligence" be moved to the criticism section? Or, perhaps there should be a History section. here is a history with input from many of the leaders in the field. Or, here is a history from an interview with Daniel Goleman.

Article should be called Emotions and Intelligence
Emotional intelligence does not appear to be one thing, but rather it appears to be a combination of three things. Personality, General overall cognitive ability (IQ), specific socially oriented cognitive ability (Theory of mind). Coatchecker

 * Nope, the subject actually is "Emotional Intelligence" .. which in it's current form could almost be considered some type of holistic mental therapy that liberally incorporates random scientific facts to make it appear more authentic. Apparently a dynamic EQ was originally propose to be "the answer" to offset the fixed potentials of IQ to cash in on the stigmatic limelight surrounding 'The Bell Curve' (a hot topic at the time). I might go as far as to call EI a pseudoscience, but there is quite a few factual academic studies in the field. Although the peer reviewed journals in no way over glorify "emotional intelligence" in such an exaggerated manner as the New York Times bestseller that shares the same name. If anything the scholars have spent more time cleaning up the mess that Goleman made than making actual progress in this area. These views are my opinions. Anyways, the title is correct, the information does seem to be an odd amalgamation, but as one might say, "that is the nature of the beast."   74.97.109.162

Clean up
Hi, I'm trying to clean up this page.

It's the first time I've tried to clean up a wikipedia page, so have patience with me. It's just that there are a lot of areas that really need to be clarified, just on a grammatical / sentence-structure level. As someone familiar into EI, I'm also adding a bit of info here are there, although I'm trying to do this in separate entries. Chime in if there are any objections. -Kerrjac

--Ok, now I think that most of the article reads pretty well & objectively. I had edits for just about every section. Most of them were grammatical / styllistic bits (e.g., putting terms in italics rather than quotes), with a bunch of new internal links (among others, reliability, mediation, regression, confound, self-report, case study, social desirability). Most content changes were in the assessment / criticism section: For the former I rearranged the order, to take the emphasis off of the commercial scales, and also added info on the Schutte inventory; and for the latter, I further clarified the comparison to IQ, and I created a new section for criticism against Mayer. I also temporarly took out that section on neural circuits (see my note in text, I think the info doesn't below in the criticism section).

Perhaps we can take off the 'needs cleanup' tag in a few days. I think we just have to make sure that the reference section is updated with the content. We might also want to elaborate on some of the the information a bit, particularly the assessment area.

-Kerrjac

Merger proposal
Request received to merge articles: Emotional competence into Emotional intelligence; dated: September/2023. Proposer's Rationale: These articles have significant overlap. In fact, the Emotional competence article states that emotional competence is the same as emotional intelligence.. Discuss here. Sundayclose (talk) 16:52, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Support as nominator. Sundayclose (talk) 16:28, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Support These terms appear to be mostly or entirely interchangeable. ParticipantObserver (talk) 18:35, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

 * No. Emotional Intelligence is a specific academic term and is uses as such in academic research. Emotion Competence is not a term used in academic literature. Putting them in the same article will create confusion. Paulsheer (talk) 02:23, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Consider: This 2014 journal article explains: "Although the majority of studies promote the advantages of emotional intelligence, something is missing from the puzzle, and that is the concept of emotional competence. The relation between these two concepts is a symbiotic one. Emotional intelligence is a prerequisite that forms the building bricks for developing emotional competence which, in turn, leads to performance." Also this book extract states "Emotional Intelligence is the ability to; - perceive emotion, - integrate emotion to facilitate thought, - understand emotions and to - regulate emotions to promote personal growth. Emotional competence refers to one's ability to express or release one's inner feelings (emotions)." — RCraig09 (talk) 03:12, 19 September 2023 (UTC)
 * That quote is an opinion. If it were truly the concensus view, then MANY articles would use "emotional competance". Emotional intelligence is NOT defined that way. Rather, it is defined by a battery of self-report tests, usually multiple choice. If it were not defined by a test, then it could not be measured. Enotional competance has no consensus in testing. 2600:1700:4030:5E40:CDAF:64A1:2111:72F9 (talk) 03:22, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

 * No. Emotional Intelligence is quite different from Emotional Competence and the article on Emotional Competence needs revision. For example Goleman consistently confuses anger (a normal emotion) with aggression, a behaviour, and similarly grief with depression. John Talbut (talk) 16:43, 7 October 2023 (UTC) I have now revised the article to restore it it its original and different meaning.John Talbut (talk) 06:51, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

Copyediting?
This is on the list of articles needing copyediting, but there is no tag on the page. What needs doing with it? MrBauer24 (talk) 21:40, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * This page has a number of inline tags for cleanup (e.g., citation needed and ambiguous) —Ost (talk) 04:59, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Emotional intelligence


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File:40 Days & 40 Nights movie.jpg

40 Days & 40 Nights movie poster. Taken from

Fair use in 40 Days and 40 Nights
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

title: File:40 Days & 40 Nights movie.jpg


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France Antarctique

France Antarctique (formerly also spelled France antartique) was a French colony in Rio de Janeiro, in modern-day Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio. The colony quickly became a haven for Huguenots, and was ultimately destroyed by the Portuguese in 1567.

Colonization attempt
Europeans first arrived in Brazil in April 1500, when a fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral on behalf of the Portuguese crown arrived in present-day Porto Seguro, Bahia. Except for Salvador (the first Brazilian capital city) and São Vicente (the first Portuguese settlement), however, the territory still remained largely unexplored half a century later.

Early French involvement with Brazil
Early expeditions of French Norman sailors to the New World have been suggested: Jean Cousin has been said to have discovered the New World in 1488, four years before Christopher Columbus, when he landed in Brazil around the mouth of the Amazon, but this remains unproven. His travels were succeeded by that of Binot Paulmier de Gonneville in 1504 onboard L'Espoir, which was properly recorded and brought back a Tupi Indian named Essomericq. Gonneville affirmed that when he visited Brazil, French traders from Saint-Malo and Dieppe had already been trading there for several years.

France continued to trade with Portugal, especially loading brazilwood (Pau-Brasil), for its use as a red dye for textiles. In 1550, in the royal entry for Henry II of France, at Rouen, about fifty men depicted naked Indians and a battle between the Tupinamba allies of the French, and the Tabajaras Indians.

Colonization

On 1 November 1555 French vice-admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon (1510–1575), a Catholic knight of the Order of Malta, who later would help the Huguenots to find a refuge against persecution, led a small fleet of two ships and 200 soldiers and colonists, and took possession of the small island of Serigipe in the Guanabara Bay, in front of present-day Rio de Janeiro, where they built a fort named Fort Coligny. The fort was named in honour of Gaspard de Coligny (then a Catholic statesman, who about a year later would become a Huguenot), an admiral who supported the expedition and would later use the colony in order to protect his Reformed co-religionists.

To the still largely undeveloped mainland village, Villegaignon gave the name of Henriville, in honour of Henry II, the King of France, who also knew of and approved the expedition, and had provided the fleet for the trip. Villegaignon secured his position by making an alliance with the Tamoio and Tupinambá Indians of the region, who were fighting the Portuguese.

1557 Calvinist arrival
Unchallenged by the Portuguese, who initially took little notice of his landing, Villegaignon endeavoured to expand the colony by calling for more colonists in 1556. He sent one of his ships, the Grande Roberge, to Honfleur, entrusted with letters to King Henry II, Gaspard de Coligny, and according to some accounts, the Protestant leader John Calvin.

After one ship was sent to France to ask for additional support, three ships were financed and prepared by the king of France and put under the command of Sieur De Bois le Comte, a nephew of Villegaignon. They were joined by 14 Calvinists from Geneva, led by Philippe de Corguilleray, including theologians Pierre Richier and Guillaume Chartrier. The new colonists, numbering around 300, included 5 young women to be wed, 10 boys to be trained as translators, as well as 14 Calvinists sent by Calvin, and also Jean de Léry, who would later write an account of the colony. They arrived in March 1557. The relief fleet was composed of:
 * The Petite Roberge, with 80 soldiers and sailors was led by Vice Admiral Sieur De Bois le Comte.
 * The Grande Roberge, with about 120 on board, captained by Sieur de Sainte-Marie dit l'Espine.
 * The Rosée, with about 90 people, led by Captain Rosée.

Doctrinal disputes arose between Villegaignon and the Calvinists, especially in relation to the Eucharist, and in October 1557 the Calvinists were banished from Coligny island as a result. They settled among the Tupinamba until January 1558, when some of them managed to return to France by ship together with Jean de Léry, and five others chose to return to Coligny island where three of them were drowned by Villegaignon for refusing to recant.

Portuguese intervention
In 1560 Mem de Sá, the new Governor-General of Brazil, received from the Portuguese government the command to expel the French. With a fleet of 26 warships and 2,000 soldiers, on 15 March 1560, he attacked and destroyed Fort Coligny within three days, but was unable to drive off their inhabitants and defenders, because they escaped to the mainland with the help of the Tupi Indians, where they continued to live and to work. Admiral Villegaignon had returned to France in 1558, disgusted with the religious tension that existed between French Protestants and Catholics, who had come also with the second group (see French Wars of Religion).

Urged by two influential Jesuit priests who had come to Brazil with Mem de Sá, named José de Anchieta and Manuel da Nóbrega, and who had played a big role in pacifying the Tamoios, Mem de Sá ordered his nephew, Estácio de Sá to assemble a new attack force. Estácio de Sá founded the city of Rio de Janeiro on 1 March 1565 and fought the Frenchmen for two more years. Helped by a military reinforcement sent by his uncle, on 20 January 1567 he imposed final defeat on the French forces and decisively expelled them from Brazil, but died a month later from wounds inflicted in the battle. Coligny's and Villegaignon's dream had lasted a mere 12 years.

Largely in response to the two attempts of France to conquer territory in Brazil (the other one was named France Équinoxiale and occupied present-day São Luís, State of Maranhão), between 1612 and 1615, the Portuguese crown decided to expand its colonization efforts in Brazil.

Other French in Brazil

In 1502, two years after the discovery of Brazil, the Portuguese king created a monopoly company to trade in brazilwood. One year later the French appeared along the coast, trading metal goods for Brazilwood. Frenchmen were often left along the coast to learn the languages and organize the next year's load. Brazilian Indians were taken to France where they, and reports of them, inspired European ideas of the state of nature and the noble savage. Portuguese and French traders fought each other and Portuguese warships were sent to drive off the French without clear success, notably in 1516.

In 1555 the French tried to settle in what is now Rio de Janeiro (above). They were driven out in 1567.

In the 1530s the 900-man João de Barros/Aires da Cunha expedition was sent to colonize the northern coast. It was wrecked on the shore and almost everyone died. After this disaster the Portuguese neglected the north coast and the French moved in, trading along the north coast and as far south as the mouth of the São Francisco River. They allied with the local Potiguar. In 1582 a Portuguese expedition destroyed five French ships on the Paraíba do Norte River but was driven off by the Potiguar. In 1612 the French tried to settle France Équinoxiale at what is now São Luís but they were driven out two years later. After a few decades the French were gone, except for French Guiana.

title: France Antarctique


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Arpwatch

arpwatch is a computer software tool for monitoring Address Resolution Protocol traffic on a computer network. It generates a log of observed pairing of IP addresses with MAC addresses along with a timestamp when the pairing appeared on the network. It also has the option of sending an email to an administrator when a pairing changes or is added.

Network administrators monitor ARP activity to detect ARP spoofing, network flip-flops, changed and new stations and address reuse.

arpwatch was developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Network Research Group, as open-source software and is released under the BSD license.

title: Arpwatch


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Redemption Song

Redemption Song
Contains not much more but the (copyrighted) song lyrics, and I don't hink there is much potential for an article here. Is there some sort of standard policy for articles about songs? -- Ferkelparade π 12:03, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 *  Delete Keep - if you remove the lyrics and the POV there's not much left. Changing my vote. There's some substance there now, but the lyrics have to go. What about including a couple of quotations from the song rather than a (bad) copy of the whole thing? Paul Tracy
 * Delete - this song does deserve an article I think, but there's nothing here worth keeping. I may rewrite it soon, but if I don't, delete. Tuf-Kat 12:20, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - if it is rewritten DCEdwards1966 12:22, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - For Fecks Sake, i've only just began it. There will be more, a hell of a lot more.  You are ever so impatient!
 * Well the article is not of to the best start possible by pasting the entire lyrics in there when there's not even any content. This gives the impression it's not gonna be much more than that. But please feel free to expand it, the VFD tag will have to stay for now until the deletion period ends. -- Solitude 13:27, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Good luck editing it. I wouldn't have thought there was an article in it. The lyrics will have to go, surely? They are copyright. And the line "Redemption Song is seen as his final Masterpiece." - regarded by whom? Paul Tracy And I don't know where the lyrics came from but they're wrong. Paul Tracy

 * Keep. Needs a bit of cleanup and NPOV. I guess the lyrics have to go, though they are all over the internet--Tomheaton 15:26, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I see the article has improved beyond expectation...change my vote to Keep. -- Ferkelparade π 20:38, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - This was VFD'd five minutes after creation. Stop biting the newcomers.  -- Netoholic @ 02:24, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)
 * Comment: I usually try not to bite the newbies too hard :P When the article popped up on recent changes, there was nothing but the (copyrighted) lyrics - we get lots of these song "articles", and they usually don't grow anything beyond that. So that's why I VfD'd it - wrongly, as i see now :P -- Ferkelparade π 09:45, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Not biting the newcomers should never encourage us to keep pages around that don't fit. What it should mean is that we should not be rude about peoples first edits and expect them to know the rules/traditions by heart as soon as they arrive. It's about attitude, not about immunity. --Improv 05:40, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, very notable song. — siro  χ  o  09:04, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)


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Campbell, Australian Capital Territory

Campbell is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Covering an area to the South East of the central business district, Campbell sits at the base of Mount Ainslie and is bounded to the south east by the Mount Pleasant Nature Reserve. At the, Campbell had a population of 6,564 people.

The suburb of Campbell is named after Robert Campbell, the owner of Duntroon station on which Campbell is now located. Many buildings built by Robert Campbell and his family are still standing around Canberra, including Blundell's Cottage, St John the Baptist Church, Reid, Duntroon House (now part of RMC Duntroon) and Yarralumla House (now Government House).

Located in Campbell are the Australian War Memorial, Royal Military College, Duntroon, the Australian Defence Force Academy, and the former corporate headquarters of the CSIRO, which is awaiting demolition and redevelopment. Also with addresses in the suburb are the 'Ainslie Village' accommodation centre for people with special needs and the Campbell Park Offices.

Schools located in the suburb include Campbell High School, Campbell Primary School and Canberra Grammar Northside Infant School.

Daley Park is a small park located on Ferdinand Street. It contains a number of large native trees and a small playground. It is named after the early Canberra settler Charles Studdy Daley.

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 6,564 people in Campbell. 70.5% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 3.9%. 77.7% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 48.9%, Catholic 17.8% and Anglican 8.3%.

Geology
Most of Campbell is dominated by the lowest layer of the Ainslie Volcanics, a grey dacite and other erupted particles such as agglomerate and tuff. In the north is grey quartz andesite, a higher layer of the Ainslie Volcanics. In the north east is cream rhyolite from the highest layer of the Ainslie Volcanics. The Ainslie Volcanics were formed in the Silurian period. A layer of the Tertiary age pebbly gravels is around Anzac Parade, left over from when the Molonglo river was at a higher level.

title: Campbell, Australian Capital Territory


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File:Reign of Fire movie.jpg

Reign of Fire movie poster

Fair use in Reign of Fire (film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Reign of Fire movie.jpg


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Season to Risk

Season to Risk are an American noise rock/alternative rock band hailing from Kansas City, Missouri, United States.

History
Season to Risk formed in late 1989 from Kansas City, Missouri punk bands Nine Lives and Curious George, who played together at the Outhouse, a Kansas hardcore venue. Although Season to Risk have had several line-up changes, two founding members have remained constant: Steve Tulipana (lead vocals, guitar) and Duane Trower (lead guitar, keyboards, and vocals). Drummer David Silver joined the band in 1994. Billy Smith (bass) and Wade Williamson (rhythm guitar and keyboards) joined in 1999, both coming from the band Dirtnap.

Founding bass player Paul Malinowski played from 1989 - 1995, until he left to join the Kansas City band Shiner. He was replaced on bass in 1995 by Josh Newton, who also plays guitar in Shiner.

The band's genre-bending sound has been defined as post-rock, post-hardcore, math rock, and indie rock. Their constantly changing music has challenged audiences and the record labels they have worked with, with one CMJ reviewer calling it "metal for recovering indie rockers".

The band were signed to Columbia Records / Sony, who released their first two albums, during the early 90s post-Nirvana alternative rock frenzy. They performed in the nightclub scene in the 1994 film Strange Days, living in a trailer on set in Hollywood for a week.

The master tapes for the band's first two albums were destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire, along with an estimated 150,000 other master tapes.

Recording sessions
The self-titled debut Season To Risk (1993) features the underground hits "Snakes" and "Mine Eyes", with a cover designed by Frank Kozik, and was released on Columbia/Sony. The band wanted a darker sound that reflected their live performance, and recorded In A Perfect World (1995) with Martin Bisi (Sonic Youth, Foetus, Swans). The album had a cover designed by Derek Hess. Men Are Monkeys, Robots Win (1998) was produced in their own studio Trainwreck Recording, and released on Thick Records. The Shattering (2001) was produced by Bill Stevenson and Jason Livermore, released on Descendents' label Owned and Operated Records. "1-800-MELTDOWN", a collection of B-sides, covers, and experimental music was released in 2021. Both Hess and Kozik produced limited-edition silkscreen posters of their cover art.

Still based in Kansas City, the band tours occasionally and plays regionally, including shows with No Means No (2006), Helmet (2009), Iron Rite Mangle / Moly McGuire (2012), the Medicine Theory (2016), Descendents (2017, 2021), Cheer Accident (2022). Singer Steve Tulipana is the owner/operator of two venues in KCMO, the RecordBar and MiniBar. In 2018, Season to Risk began releasing a remaster series on their Bandcamp page and toured, playing SxSW South By Southwest and Valley of the Vapors fest, sharing the stage with side project band Sie Lieben Maschinen. In 2019, the band toured the midwest, playing shows at Riot Fest in Chicago and with Porcupine in Minneapolis, supporting a new vinyl release of the album ”The Shattering”, remastered for vinyl by Jason Livermore at Blasting Room studio, Ft. Collins, CO, on limited-edition orange vinyl.

In 2020, Season to Risk released their seminal 1998 album ”Men Are Monkeys. Robots Win.“ remastered by Duane Trower at his studio, Weights and Measures Soundlab, on limited-edition green vinyl. A 2020 tour was postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Their website stated: "Ironically, mentions of the album title are often incorrectly flagged as hate speech by the algorithm on many platforms. Robot wins."

The band released a collection of singles, B-sides including covers of Bauhaus, The Go-Go's, Killdozer, and others in 2021 titled 1-800-MELTDOWN. Season to Risk began recording new music with Duane Trower at his studio Weights and Measures Soundlab in 2022.

Members

 * Steve Tulipana - Vocals, guitar, synthesizer (1989-present)
 * Duane Trower - Guitar, backup vocals, synthesizer, engineering (1989-present)
 * David Silver - Drums, synth oscillator, metal (1994-present)
 * Billy Smith - Bass, backup vocals, guitar, synthesizer (1999-present)
 * Wade Williamson - Guitar, synths, keyboard (1999-present)

Former members

 * Paul Malinowski - Bass (1989-1995)
 * Josh Newton - Bass (1995-1998)
 * Jason Gerken - Drums on "Perfect World" (1994)
 * Tim Dow - Drums (live 1990, 1992, 1994)
 * Chris Metcalf - Drums (live 2003-2009)
 * Chad Sabin - Drums (live 1992-1994)
 * Peter Murray - Drums on "eponymous"(1991-1992)
 * Chris Sharp - Bass (live 1999)
 * Loren Chambers - Drums (early demos)
 * Frank Garymartin - Drums (live 1994)
 * Mike Myers - Drums (live 2002)
 * Jerry Bayton - Drums (live 1990)

Studio albums

 * Season to Risk (Columbia Records, 1993)
 * In a Perfect World (Columbia Records, 1995)
 * Men are Monkeys, Robots Win (Thick Records, 1998)
 * The Shattering (Owned & Operated Records, 2001)
 * 1-800-Meltdown (self-published, 2021)

Singles and EPs

 * Mine Eyes/Snakes (Red Decibel/Columbia Records, 1992)
 * Biter/Oil (Red Decibel/Columbia Records, 1992)
 * Undone (AFFA Records, 1996)
 * Beestings and Poison Eggs /w Starkweather(Supermodel Records, 1998)
 * Ace of Space (-ismist Recordings, 1999)

title: Season to Risk


text:
Talk:Anamorphic projection

Presumable copyvio from

http://bridge.skyline.net/features/angel.html

Charles Matthews 12:07, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

new stub
Tried a de novo search for info on "anamorphic projection", looks like the term is also used for other things such as cinema and video. New stub looks nothing like the original (alleged) copyvio in subject content or wording, only mentions anamorphic art almost as a footnote. Should the original site which contained the previous "anamorphic projection" article be added to the "external links" section? --66.102.74.57 20:40, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Copyright violation deleted and replaced with new stub. --Michael Snow 17:27, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anamorphic projection


text:
The Oval Portrait

"The Oval Portrait" is a horror short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, involving the disturbing circumstances of a portrait in a château. It is one of his shortest stories, filling only two pages in its initial publication in 1842.

Plot summary
The tale begins with an injured narrator (the story offers no further explanation of his impairment) seeking refuge in an abandoned mansion in the Apennines. The narrator spends his time admiring the paintings that decorate the strangely shaped room and perusing a volume, found upon a pillow, that describes them.

Upon moving the candle closer to the book, the narrator immediately discovers a before-unnoticed painting depicting the head and shoulders of a young girl. The picture inexplicably enthralls the narrator "for an hour perhaps". After steady reflection, he realizes that the painting's "absolute life-likeliness" of expression is the captivating feature. The narrator eagerly consults the book for an explanation of the picture. The remainder of the story henceforth is a quote from this book – a story within a story.

The book describes a tragic story involving a young maiden of "the rarest beauty". She loved and wedded an eccentric painter who cared more about his work than anything else in the world, including his wife. The painter eventually asked his wife to sit for him, and she obediently consented, sitting "meekly for many weeks" in his turret chamber. The painter worked so diligently at his task that he did not recognize his wife's fading health, as she, being a loving wife, continually "smiled on and still on, uncomplainingly". As the painter neared the end of his work, he let no one enter the turret chamber and rarely took his eyes off the canvas, even to watch his wife. After many weeks had passed, he finally finished his work. As he looked at the completed image, however, he felt appalled, as he exclaimed, "This is indeed itself!" Thereafter, he turned suddenly to regard his bride and discovered that she had died.

Analysis
The central idea of the story resides in the confusing relationship between art and life. In "The Oval Portrait", art and the addiction to it are ultimately depicted as killers, responsible for the young bride's death. In this context, one can synonymously equate art with death, whereas the relationship between art and life is consequently considered as a rivalry. It takes Poe's theory that poetry as art is the rhythmical creation of beauty, and that the most poetical topic in the world is the death of a beautiful woman (see "The Philosophy of Composition").

Publication history
"The Oval Portrait" was first published as a longer version titled "Life in Death" in Graham's Magazine in 1842. "Life in Death" included a few introductory paragraphs explaining how the narrator had been wounded, and that he had eaten opium to relieve the pain. Poe probably excised this introduction because it was not particularly relevant, and it also gave the impression that the story was nothing more than a hallucination. The shorter version, renamed "The Oval Portrait", was published in the April 26, 1845 edition of the Broadway Journal.

Critical reception and impact
The story inspired elements in the 1891 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Five years before the novel's publication, Wilde had praised Poe's rhythmical expression. In Wilde's novel, the portrait gradually reveals the evil of its subject rather than that of its artist.

A similar plot is also used in Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1843 tale "The Birth-Mark".

There are similar elements in "The Fall of the House of Usher", such as a painter, his lover/model in a remote setting and especially their obsessions about inanimate objects that are living (the house in "The Fall of the House of Usher" and the painting in "The Oval Portrait"). In 1928, a French film-maker, Jean Epstein, filmed La Chute de la Maison Usher which combined both stories. Artist Richard Corben combined them in his 2012 adaptation after adapting each on their own.

Lance Tait's 2002 play The Oval Portrait is based on Poe's tale. Laura Grace Pattillo wrote in The Edgar Allan Poe Review (2006),

"[Tait] takes Poe’s narrative and intriguingly transforms it into a dialogue between the Model and the Portrait. The mood of the piece is a bit different from the original Poe work, and it is unclear at the end whether the Model will actually die (literally or figuratively) as in Poe's tale but Tait is to be commended for creating dialogue that makes Poe’s tale come alive beyond the narrative limitations of the original prose."

title: The Oval Portrait


text:
Harry's Bar (Venice)

Harry's Bar is a restaurant located at Calle Vallaresso 1323, Venice, Italy, owned by Cipriani S.A.

History
Harry's Bar was opened in 1931 by Giuseppe Cipriani. According to the company's history, Harry Pickering, a rich young American, had been frequenting the Hotel Europa in Venice, where Cipriani was a bartender. When Pickering suddenly stopped coming to the hotel bar, Cipriani asked him why. Pickering explained that he was broke because his family found out his drinking habits and cut him off financially, and Cipriani lent him 10,000 lire (then about $500 US [$7,839 in 2015 dollars]). Two years later, Pickering returned to the hotel bar, ordered a drink, and gave Cipriani 50,000 lire in return. "Mr. Cipriani, thank you", he said, according to the Cipriani website. "Here's the money. And to show you my appreciation, here's 40,000 more, enough to open a bar. We will call it Harry's Bar."

The Italian Ministry for Cultural Affairs declared it a national landmark in 2001.

Patrons
Harry's Bar has long been frequented by famous people, and it was a favourite of Ernest Hemingway. Other notable customers have included Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini, inventor Guglielmo Marconi, Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Jimmy Stewart, Maria Callas, Richard Halliburton, Truman Capote, Orson Welles, Baron Philippe de Rothschild, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Princess Aspasia of Greece, Aristotle Onassis, Barbara Hutton, Peggy Guggenheim, Tareq Salahi, George Clooney, Joe DiMaggio, and Woody Allen.

The bar was also briefly mentioned in the second and subsequent editions of Evelyn Waugh's novel Brideshead Revisited (in the first edition Waugh simply called the bar "the English bar") as a frequent haunt of principal characters Charles Ryder and Sebastian Flyte during their time in Venice. The mention is anachronistic as their visit takes place in 1923.

Food and drink
Harry's Bar is home of the Bellini and Carpaccio.

Harry's Bar is also famous for its dry martini, which is served in a small glass without a stem. Their dry martinis are very dry, apparently with the ratio of 10 parts gin to 1 part vermouth. This is an adaptation of the Montgomery Martini, which is 15 parts gin to 1 part dry vermouth. The Montgomery is named after British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, who liked to have a 15 to 1 ratio of his own troops against enemy troops on the battlefield.

Harry's Bar serves classic Italian dishes. Its prices are relatively high (40,000 lire (€20) for a bowl of minestrone, in 2001).

Expansion
Harry's Bar is today "the anchor to a global brand, positioned around the Cipriani name." In New York City, the Ciprianis run the restaurants Harry Cipriani, Cipriani 42nd Street, and DownTown, a travel company, and a catering company. Buenos Aires is home to three more outlets. In Venice, the Ciprianis also own Harry's Dolci. The Cipriani brand also includes lines of pastas, sauces, olive oils, coffee, books, and kitchenware.

In 2007 the Ciprianis pleaded guilty to tax evasion in the United States. In 2012, with debts of over €6m, the bar was sold to Luxembourg-based investment group Blue Skye.

Reception
Anthony Bourdain said of Harry's, "You get a pretty good plate of food—and the Bellinis are just fine. They just cost a fuck of a lot. But they do treat you courteously and it is Venice out the window—and everything's expensive anyway."

title: Harry's Bar (Venice)


text: User talk:212.219.7.20

title: User talk:212.219.7.20


text:
Talk:Bellini

Amending 'Rome' to 'Italy' in the Bellini cocktail write-up. The cocktail is said to be an invention of Harry's Bar in Venice.

Shouldn't the slang part be part of Wikidictionary and not here? Dennypayne 21:17, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bellini


text: File:Catch Me If You Can 2002 movie.jpg

title: File:Catch Me If You Can 2002 movie.jpg


text:
Newton's rings

Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces, typically a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. It is named after Isaac Newton, who investigated the effect in 1666. When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as a series of concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact between the two surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric ring pattern of rainbow colors because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces.

History
The phenomenon was first described by Robert Hooke in his 1665 book Micrographia. Its name derives from the mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton, who studied the phenomenon in 1666 while sequestered at home in Lincolnshire in the time of the Great Plague that had shut down Trinity College, Cambridge. He recorded his observations in an essay entitled "Of Colours". The phenomenon became a source of dispute between Newton, who favored a corpuscular nature of light, and Hooke, who favored a wave-like nature of light. Newton did not publish his analysis until after Hooke's death, as part of his treatise "Opticks" published in 1704.

Theory

The pattern is created by placing a very slightly convex curved glass on an optical flat glass. The two pieces of glass make contact only at the center. At other points there is a slight air gap between the two surfaces, increasing with radial distance from the center, as shown in Fig. 3.

Consider monochromatic (single color) light incident from the top that reflects from both the bottom surface of the top lens and the top surface of the optical flat below it. The light passes through the glass lens until it comes to the glass-to-air boundary, where the transmitted light goes from a higher refractive index (n) value to a lower n value. The transmitted light passes through this boundary with no phase change. The reflected light undergoing internal reflection (about 4% of the total) also has no phase change. The light that is transmitted into the air travels a distance, t, before it is reflected at the flat surface below. Reflection at this air-to-glass boundary causes a half-cycle (180°) phase shift because the air has a lower refractive index than the glass. The reflected light at the lower surface returns a distance of (again) t and passes back into the lens. The additional path length is equal to twice the gap between the surfaces. The two reflected rays will interfere according to the total phase change caused by the extra path length 2t and by the half-cycle phase change induced in reflection at the flat surface. When the distance 2t is zero (lens touching optical flat) the waves interfere destructively, hence the central region of the pattern is dark, as shown in Fig. 2.

A similar analysis for illumination of the device from below instead of from above shows that in this case the central portion of the pattern is bright, not dark, as shown in Fig. 1. When the light is not monochromatic, the radial position of the fringe pattern has a "rainbow" appearance, as shown in Fig. 5.

Constructive interference
(Fig. 4a): In areas where the path length difference between the two rays is equal to an odd multiple of half a wavelength (λ/2) of the light waves, the reflected waves will be in phase, so the "troughs" and "peaks" of the waves coincide. Therefore, the waves will reinforce (add) and the resulting reflected light intensity will be greater. As a result, a bright area will be observed there.

Destructive interference
(Fig. 4b): At other locations, where the path length difference is equal to an even multiple of a half-wavelength, the reflected waves will be 180° out of phase, so a "trough" of one wave coincides with a "peak" of the other wave. Therefore, the waves will cancel (subtract) and the resulting light intensity will be weaker or zero. As a result, a dark area will be observed there. Because of the 180° phase reversal due to reflection of the bottom ray, the center where the two pieces touch is dark.

This interference results in a pattern of bright and dark lines or bands called "interference fringes" being observed on the surface. These are similar to contour lines on maps, revealing differences in the thickness of the air gap. The gap between the surfaces is constant along a fringe. The path length difference between two adjacent bright or dark fringes is one wavelength λ of the light, so the difference in the gap between the surfaces is one-half wavelength. Since the wavelength of light is so small, this technique can measure very small departures from flatness. For example, the wavelength of red light is about 700 nm, so using red light the difference in height between two fringes is half that, or 350 nm, about $1/100$ the diameter of a human hair. Since the gap between the glasses increases radially from the center, the interference fringes form concentric rings. For glass surfaces that are not axially symmetric, the fringes will not be rings but will have other shapes.

Quantitative Relationships

For illumination from above, with a dark center, the radius of the Nth bright ring is given by $$ r_N= \left[\lambda R \left(N - {1 \over 2}\right)\right]^{1/2}, $$ where N is the bright-ring number, R is the radius of curvature of the glass lens the light is passing through, and λ is the wavelength of the light. The above formula is also applicable for dark rings for the ring pattern obtained by transmitted light.

Given the radial distance of a bright ring, r, and a radius of curvature of the lens, R, the air gap between the glass surfaces, t, is given to a good approximation by

$$t = {r^2 \over 2R}, $$

where the effect of viewing the pattern at an angle oblique to the incident rays is ignored.

Thin-film interference
The phenomenon of Newton's rings is explained on the same basis as thin-film interference, including effects such as "rainbows" seen in thin films of oil on water or in soap bubbles. The difference is that here the "thin film" is a thin layer of air.

title: Newton's rings


text:
Directorate for State Security (Yugoslavia)

The State Security Service, also known by its original name as the Directorate for State Security, was the secret police organization of Communist Yugoslavia. It was at all times best known by the acronym UDBA, which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian language: "Uprava državne bezbednosti" ("Directorate for State Security"). The acronyms SDB (Serbian) or SDS (Croatian) were used officially after the organization was renamed into "State Security Service". In its latter decades it was composed of eight semi-independent secret police organizations—one for each of the six Yugoslav federal republics and two for the autonomous provinces—coordinated by the central federal headquarters in the capital of Belgrade.

Although it operated with more restraint than secret police agencies in the communist states  of Eastern Europe, the UDBA was a feared tool of control. It is alleged that the UDBA was responsible for the "eliminations" of thousands of enemies of the state within Yugoslavia and internationally (estimates about 200 assassinations and kidnappings). Eliminations vary from those of World War II Ustaše Croat leaders Vjekoslav Luburić in Spain, to Croatian emigrant writer Bruno Bušić and Bosnian emigrant writer Dragiša Kašiković, although war criminals have to be distinguished from those assassinated only for dissent or political reasons.

With the breakup of Yugoslavia, the breakaway republics went on to form their own secret police agencies, while the Serbian State Security Directorate kept its UDBA-like name.

Name
From its founding in 1946, the secret police organization originally held the name "Directorate for State Security". In Yugoslavia the predominant administrative language on the federal level was the Serbo-Croatian language, and more specifically the Serbian variant thereof: therein the name was Uprava državne bezbednosti ("Управа државне безбедности" in the coequal Cyrillic script). From this was derived the acronym "UDB", or, less formally and accurately: "UDBA". "UDBA" (pronounced as a single word and not an acronym), was the most common colloquial name for the organization throughout its history.

After 20 years, in 1966, with the political downfall of its hardliner chief, Aleksandar Ranković, the organization was renamed to the "State Security Service", which (in the Serbian variant of Serbo-Croatian) is Služba državne bezbednosti (Служба државне безбедности), with the corresponding acronym SDB. Even though that would be its name for the remaining 28 years of Yugoslavia's existence, it never stopped being mainly known as "(the) UDBA". Even after it was (at least formally) decentralized in 1967 into 8 semi-independent organizations each answering to an individual federal entity.

Functions
UDBA formed a major part of the Yugoslav intelligence services from 1946 to 1991, and was primarily responsible for internal state security. After 1946 the UDBA underwent numerous security and intelligence changes due to topical issues at that time, including: fighting gangs; protection of the economy; Cominform/Informbiro; and bureaucratic aspirations. In 1945 and 1946, for instance, the UDBA was organized into districts. In 1950, when the administrative-territorial units were abolished as authorities, the UDBA was reorganized again. During this period the intelligence and security activities concentrated less on intelligence and more on internal security. There was an emphasis on collectivism, brotherhood, social harmony, loyalty, and tolerance towards those with different views. Deviation from this set of values became an immediate issue for security services.

Later, the use of force was mitigated and when the process of "decentralization of people's power" began, intelligence and security services underwent further reorganization in order to decentralise power and increase effectiveness. At the plenum of the Central Committee in July 1966, the political leadership accused the SDB of hindering reforms towards self-administration. As a result, the SDB was decentralized, its personnel reduced (especially on the federal level) and control commissions established. New regulations were issued, strengthening the independent initiative of the state security services of the six Yugoslav republics and the autonomous provinces. The SDB was deprived of executive functions and entrusted with identifying and preventing hostile activities. The Act on Internal Affairs and the Decree on Organization of State Internal Affairs Secretariat regulated the intelligence security authority as the prerogative of the State Security Directorate within the Ministry of the Interior. The following reorganization addressed issues relating to the competence of the federation (state security, cross-border traffic, foreign citizens, passports, introduction and dissemination of foreign press, and federal citizenship).

Structure
Intelligence and security activity was organized in the following manner:

 * After OZNA (Одељење заштите народа / Odeljenje zaštite naroda) (En:Department for the People's Protection) was abolished, intelligence activity was divided among various federal ministries: the Federal Ministry of the Interior by the State Security Administration, and the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Service for Research and Documentation (SID) which collected foreign political information; military-defense intelligence was handled by the GS 2nd Department - KOS (Kontraobaveštajna služba / Контраобавештајна служба / Counterintelligence Service) of Yugoslav People's Army.
 * SDB in the republics was not autonomous, but was tied to the federal service which co-ordinated the work and issued instructions.
 * State security was regulated by secret legislation (secret Official Gazette), which prescribed the use of special operations. The SDB performed house searches, covert interceptions inside the premises, telecommunications interception, covert surveillance of people, and covert interception of letters and other consignments.
 * Of primary interest to the SDB was domestic security; identifying and obstructing activities of the "domestic enemy" (i.e. the "bourgeois rightwing", clericalists, members of the Cominform, nationalists, and separatists). Intelligence work abroad was deemed less important and was under federal control.
 * The SDB was a "political police", answerable to the party organization from which it received its guidelines and to which it reported. The SDB was so deeply rooted in the political system that one of its tasks was the preparation of "Political Security Assessments"; that is, assessments on literally all spheres of life.
 * During its activity, the SDB enjoyed a wide range of power, including classical police powers (identifications, interrogations, and arrests).
 * The SDB organization was constantly changing and making improvements, but it remained tied to the central unit in republic capitals and smaller working groups in the field. All information and data flowed into the central unit in the capitals and sent on from there to the users. Field groups had working contacts with the local authorities, but did not answer to them.

1946–1986 period
One of the first successful actions of UDBA was operation Gvardijan, that denied Božidar Kavran the chance to infiltrate ex-Ustasha groups in order to start an uprising against Yugoslavia, eventually capturing Kavran himself.

From 1963 to 1974, security intelligence services dealt with a series of domestic and foreign political events. At home, there were political confrontations both before and after the Brioni Plenum (1966), liberal flareups and massive leftist student demonstrations in Belgrade in 1968, Hrvatsko proljeće (Croatian Spring) or "MASPOK" (mass movement) in Croatia in 1971, a nationalist incursion of the Bugojno group in the Raduša area (1972), and a revival of nationalism in Yugoslav republics. The most significant event abroad was the invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops of Czechoslovakia in 1968.

These were the circumstances at the time the first act on internal affairs of the individual republics was adopted in 1967. According to this act, internal affairs were handled directly by the municipal administrative bodies and the secretariats of internal affairs of each republic or by their provincial bodies. This was the first time since 1945 that republics gained control and greater influence over their individual security organs and intelligence security services.

The State Security Service (SDB) was defined by law as a professional service within the Republic Secretariat of Internal Affairs (RSUP). Naturally, most of its competence remained within federal institutions, as prescribed by the Act on Handling Internal Affairs Under Competence of Federal Administrative Bodies (1971), which determined that the federal secretariat of internal affairs would coordinate the work of the SDB in the republics and provinces. Further steps were taken with the transformation of the state administration, adoption of the Federal Act on State Administration (1978), and the Republic Act (1978). The newly adopted act on internal affairs tasked the Republic Secretariat of Internal Affairs (RSUP) with state security issues, which then became RSUP issues and were no longer given special handling "at the RSUP". This resolution remained in force until the 1991 modifications of the act on internal affairs.

Post–1986 period
The role of intelligence and security changed after 1986, when a different mentality reigned within the Party and the processes of democratization were initiated. Intelligence security agencies came under attack, and many people started publicly writing about and criticizing the SDB. The party organization was abolished in the SDB and the first attempts to introduce parliamentary control began.

The first democratic multi party elections in 1990, which enhanced the process of democratization, reverberated within the Federal Secretariat of Internal Affairs (SSUP) and Federal State Security Service (SSDB), which were fighting to maintain control over the individual SDBs in the republics, which became increasingly disunited. They were still legally connected to the federal bodies, but were becoming aware that they operated and worked in their particular republic. Some professional cadres, especially those in the "domestic field" (dealing with the "bourgeois right wing", clericalists, and student movements) began leaving the service. Conflict was increasing, and SDB archives were being systematically destroyed. In its search for new roles, the SDBs also began to limit information they were sending to the SSDB. They ultimately restricted their information to foreign intelligence services.

Along with the weakening of the SSDB position, attempts were made by the Yugoslav People's Army Security Service or KOS to strengthen its own strongholds in the different republics and in the individual SDBs. The attempts failed because they depended upon cadres of other nationalities still employed in the SDBs but who had no access to data bases and had no decision-making power due to their "Yugoslav" orientation.

Recently released files contain information on one million citizens of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia and other former Yugoslav republics, whose files the UDBA in Slovenia kept records. In 2003 and 2010, it was possible to see the names of the UDBA agents in Slovenia, some of whom are still active in the Slovenian Military and the Ministry of Interior, at the website udba.net. The government of Slovenia promptly demanded the removal of pages from the website, so they are currently not accessible.


text:
Talk:Adam Smith University

Old top of discussion
Diploma mill? //u p p l a n d 12:22, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Liberian accreditation "under investigation"
For the moment, I removed the line, following "...act of the Liberian legislature," "This is currently under investigation." It's a bit incomplete without specifying who is doing the investigating. Samaritan 05:17, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

NPOV tag
I propose removing the tag. I admit that it causes me confusion when this tag is added to an article when there isn't any discussion on the talk page. So here is a chance to discuss. Regards, TallMagic (talk) 15:34, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

 * The article is heavily negative and is not written using a natural tone. In fact, it still reads very much like a "hit piece". So the tag should remain until these problems are corrected. —Farix (t | c) 20:51, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
 * If there are positive things to say (and they can be said with proper sourcing), then go ahead and say them. NPOV doesn't require an equal balance between good and bad -- it requires that the article reflect the balance of what the sources have to say about the subject.  Nomoskedasticity (talk) 20:57, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

I did a search of the News Archive on Google and only found the statement by the University of Mysore's Vice-Chancellor. Which I added to the article. There's more information in Bears' Guide on ASU but all of that information is really already included in the article from other sources. Regarding more information from reliable sources that might be positive, I don't think there's anything except the ASU website. Since what can be used from self published sources is so restricted, I don't think there's much more information that can be harvested from there either. So the bottom line is that about all we have to work with is already sourced in the article. It's true that it is heavily negative. On the other hand, it's also true that the Adolf Hitler article is heavily negative and I think that article adheres to wp:NPOV. TallMagic (talk) 21:29, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Come to think of it, it was mentioned in Bears' Guide that Donald Grunewald had a Ph.D. from Harvard. I didn't think that was really very relevant so didn't add it but I would be happy to add that if anyone else thought it would improve the article. TallMagic (talk) 21:33, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I think it would only be relevant in an article on Grunewald himself. Nomoskedasticity (talk) 12:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

I think it is quite normal for such a non-traditional entity to be discussed heavily. A few years back, I was interested in finding out about the alledged Liberian accreditation of ASU and wrote directly to Dr. Grunewald. He provided me with several documents which I forwarded to Liberian officials in 2007 for comment. I actually received an email response confirming validity of such documents. So IMO, ASU's Liberian accreditation might indeed have been valid until the end of 2007; however, it has been closed afterwards with no current approval in Liberia. But many sources even dispute validity of this former accreditation without putting forward evidence against. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.138.39.59 (talk) 15:56, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Regarding your experience with getting some kind of verification from Liberian officials, please reference St Regis University. The people running SRU and its sister diploma mills were put in jail for bribing Liberian officials to back up their diploma mill. In other words, I wouldn't put any stock in claims made regarding an unaacredited insitution and Liberian officials. TallMagic (talk) 19:00, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Thank you for your comment! Actually, the sources in Liberia confirming the validity of ASU's accreditation/recognition documents were the current authorities who have - as a next step - closed down the same ASU and others for not fulfilling current/new standards. The same authorities have denied Concordia College and University's claim of Liberian accreditation. I think it is not fair to hold all authorities of a whole country custody for what only a few have done wrong in the St. Regis issue. It seems like there have been massive changes in Liberia with growing reliability etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.138.39.52 (talk) 14:30, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Adam Smith University


text:
Rover SD1

The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the Jaguar-Rover-Triumph division), and finally the Austin Rover division of British Leyland from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title.

In "SD1", the "SD" refers to "Specialist Division" and "1" is the first car to come from the in-house design team.

The SD1 was the final Rover-badged vehicle to be produced at Solihull. Future Rover models would be built at the former British Motor Corporation factories at Longbridge and Cowley.

Background
In 1971, Rover, at that time a part of the British Leyland (BL) group, began developing a new car to replace both the Rover P6 and the Triumph 2000/2500. The designers of both Triumph and Rover submitted proposals for the new car known as the Triumph Puma and Rover P10 respectively, of which the latter was chosen. David Bache was to head the design team, inspired by exotic machinery such as the Ferrari Daytona and 365 GTC/4, and the late 1960s design study by Pininfarina for the BMC 1800, which also guided the design of the Citroën CX. Spen King was responsible for the engineering. The two had previously collaborated on the Range Rover. The project was first code-named RT1 (for Rover Triumph Number 1) but then soon changed to SD1 (for Specialist Division Number 1) as Rover and Triumph were put in the new "Specialist Division" of British Leyland.

Design
The new car was designed with simplicity of manufacture in mind in contrast to the P6, the design of which was rather complicated in areas such as the De Dion-type rear suspension. The SD1 used a well-known live rear axle instead. This different approach was chosen because surveys showed that although the automotive press was impressed by sophisticated and revolutionary designs the general buying public was not unless the results were good. However, with the live rear axle came another retrograde step – the car was fitted with drum brakes at the rear.

Rover's plans to use a new 2.2-litre DOHC 16-valve Slant-Four engine with Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection were soon abandoned as BL management ruled that substantially redesigned versions of Triumph's six-cylinder engine were to power the car instead. The Rover V8 engine was fitted in the engine bay. The three-speed automatic gearbox was the BorgWarner 65 model.

The dashboard of the SD1 features an air vent, unusually, directly facing the passenger. The display binnacle sits on top of the dashboard in front of the driver to aid production in left-hand drive markets, since it avoided the expense of producing two different dashboard mouldings for LHD and RHD versions. The air vent doubles as a passage for the steering-wheel column, and the "podular" display binnacle can be easily fitted on top of the dashboard on either the left or right-hand side of the car. This concept was not entirely new; it had also been used on the Range Rover and was used again on the Mk.1 Austin Metro, both of which were also designed by David Bache. The interior of the Series 1 was notable for its lack of wood embellishment in comparison to previous Rover saloons, with an extensive use instead of modern soft-feel plastics, and a new "skeletal" version of the Rover badge would appear on the bonnet - Bache was keen that the SD1 should make use of the latest industrial design trends and be a clean break from the past.

An estate body had been envisaged, but it did not get beyond the prototype stage. Two similarly specified estates have survived, and are exhibited at the Heritage Motor Centre and the Haynes International Motor Museum respectively. One was used by BL chairman Sir Michael Edwardes as personal transport in the late 1970s. The two cars as befit prototypes differ in the detail of and around the tailgate. One car has a recessed tailgate, while the other has a clamshell arrangement, where the whole tailgate is visible when closed.

The SD1 was intended to be produced in a state-of-the-art extension to Rover's historic Solihull factory alongside the TR7. It was largely funded by the British government, who had bailed BL out from bankruptcy in 1975. Unfortunately, this did nothing to improve the patchy build quality that then plagued all of British Leyland. That, along with quick-wearing interior materials and poor detailing ensured that initial enthusiasm soon turned to disappointment.

Series 1 (1976-82)
This car was launched on its home market in June 1976 in hatchback/fastback form only, as the V8-engined Rover 3500: SOHC 2.3 L and 2.6 L sixes followed in November 1977, when the Rover P6 and Triumph 2000 were finally discontinued. Although there was no four-cylinder version of the SD1 at this point, British Leyland produced 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 versions of the smaller Princess in order to compete with the entry-level versions of the Ford Granada, as well as more expensive versions of the Ford Cortina.

The car was warmly received by the press and even received the European Car of the Year award for 1977. Its launch on the European mainland coincided with its appearance at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1977, some three months after the Car of the Year announcement. Dealers had no left-hand drive cars for sale, however, since production had been blocked by a tool makers' strike affecting several British Leyland plants and a "bodyshell dispute" at the company's Castle Bromwich plant. Closer to home, the car and its design team received The Midlander of the Year Award for 1976, because they had between them done most in the year to increase the prestige of the (English) Midlands region.

Poor construction quality was apparent even in the company's press department fleet. The British magazine Motor published a road test of an automatic 3500 in January 1977, and while keen to highlight the Rover's general excellence, they also reported that the test car suffered from poor door seals, with daylight visible from inside past the rear door window frame's edge on the left side of the car, and a curious steering vibration at speed which might (or might not) have resulted from the car's front wheels not having been correctly balanced. Disappointment was recorded that the ventilation outlet directly in front of the driver appeared to be blocked, delivering barely a breeze even when fully open; the writer had encountered this problem on one other Rover 3500, although he had also driven other cars of the same type with an abundant output of fresh air through the vent in question. Nevertheless, in March 1977, Britain's Autocar was able to publish an article by Raymond Mays – a famous racing driver and team manager during (in particular) the 1930s, 1950s and 1960s – in which Mays explained why, after driving it for 12,000 miles, he considered his Rover 3500 was "the best car he [had] ever had", both for its many qualities as a driver's car and for its excellent fuel economy even when driven hard. Similar ventilation problems persisted until 1980 and were reported in tests of the V8-S version.

Another area of concern was flaking paint on early models, forcing British Leyland to spend a lot of money on repainting cars.

In television shows John Steed in The New Avengers and George Cowley in The Professionals both used yellow Rover 3500 models.

Cosmetic tweaks and range expansion
Between 1976 and 1981 there were some very minor updates to the car including new badging (front and rear) and chrome backed door mirrors - the traditional-style Rover Longship emblem returned for the 1981 model year, thus replacing the 'skeletal' version, although the latter continued to be used on the hubcaps, and indeed a variant of this Rover logo was later used as a hubcap emblem on both the later SD3 Rover 200 and Rover 800 models as late as 1989. 1979 also saw the introduction of the then range-topping V8-S model with no mechanical alterations, available in a rather bright metallic "Triton" green amongst others with either gold or silver-painted alloy wheels depending on the body color. Interior specification included air-conditioning, thick luxurious carpets, velour seats and a headlamp wash/wipe system. This now very rare model was replaced in late 1980 with the Vanden Plas (VP) model, which came with a leather interior as standard.

North American market models
In 1980 Rover obtained US type approval for the SD1 and re-entered the American market after a ten-year absence. The car was only made available as a single variant, using a modified version of the V8 engine and badged simply as "Rover 3500". The equipment and trim levels were similar to that of the UK market's then top-of-the-range V8-S model. The main differences were a smaller steering wheel, the manually operated sunroof being a cost option and rear passenger head restraints were not available at all. Small Union Jack badges were fixed to the lower section of each front wing, just ahead of the doors, to promote the car's British origins. Canadian market cars had V8 badges instead of the Union Jack.

The five-speed manual gearbox was supplied as standard, with the three-speed automatic version being a cost option.

US safety legislation (that first applied to the Citroën DS) demanded that the headlamp arrangement exclude the front glass panels. Also larger, heavier bumpers were required, increasing the overall length to 191 in.

American emissions regulations necessitated replacing the carburetors with Lucas' L-Jetronic fuel injection system, using dual catalytic converters, using a modified exhaust manifold and adding antismog equipment. The engine's compression ratio was modified to 8.13:1.

Beginning in the 1980 model year, the American version of the 3532 cc V8 used in the Triumph TR8 produced 133 hp with carburetors, except in California where it produced 137 hp with fuel injection.

Beginning in June 1980, the American version of the Rover 3500 produced 148 hp with fuel injection, while the European version of the Rover SD1 produced 155 hp with carburetors.

For the 1981 model year, both the Rover 3500 and Triumph TR8 produced 148 hp with fuel injection, and 1981 would be the last year for both models in the United States.

Fuel injection for the 3532 cc V8 Rover engine was first introduced in the Triumph TR8 (137 hp) intended for California, and then introduced in the Rover 3500 (148 hp) later in the year when it was launched in America.

Fuel injection for the Rover V8 was introduced in Europe, along with other modifications such as having a hotter camshaft, when the 1982 Rover SD1 Vitesse was launched with 192 hp.

strike: [Publicity material claimed it was capable of reaching 148 hp (SAE) at 5100 rpm but the car as sold actually peaked at 133 hp (at 5000 rpm). ]

Since August 1978, a carbureted engine, with antismog equipment, had already been on sale in Australia with 102 kW. Beginning in the 1981 model year, Australia received a version of the fuel injected federalized engine with 106 kW.

Despite the necessary modifications, Rover chose not to set up an assembly plant in the US but built and shipped the cars from the Solihull factory.

The SD1 gained positive reviews in the American press and was competitively priced against rivals such as the BMW 5 Series and corresponding Mercedes-Benzes. Nevertheless, the car achieved just 480 sales between its launch in June 1980 and the end of that year. The whole of 1981 attracted 774 sales, although most of these cars had actually been built and stockpiled the previous year. Rover ceased the supply of American market SD1s at the end of 1981, although unsold cars remained available from dealers well into the following year.

Reasons for the commercial failure of the SD1 in the US are open to speculation. The weak value of the American dollar against European currencies at the time rendered imports relatively expensive in comparison to a home-built product. A significant rise in oil prices during 1979 led to many motorists opting for more fuel-efficient cars. Public awareness of the SD1 may have been low as the dealership network across America was small, while Rover's expenditure on the aforementioned modifications, testing, and approval for the US market left limited budget for publicity and advertising. (To save money the official press launch was combined with that of the Triumph TR8.)

Production shift
Major restructuring of BL following the Ryder Report resulted in the SD1 production line being moved to the former Morris plant in Cowley in 1981. The Solihull plant was turned over to produce Land Rover models, following on from that marque's separation from Rover in 1978. The hugely expensive extension to Solihull, which had been built specifically for the SD1 and Triumph TR7, was mothballed, and was finally brought back into use in 1997 for the Land Rover Freelander and in 2016 for the Jaguar XE and F-PACE.

1981 also saw the beginning of "Project XX" – a venture between BL and Honda for a new executive car expected to replace the SD1, although it was not anticipated for production until the mid-1980s. Project XX ultimately emerged as the Rover 800 Series in 1986 and would be the replacement for the SD1.

Series 2 (1982-1986)
Early in 1982, Rover unveiled the Cowley-built, facelifted line to the public (although the final Series 1s were also built at Cowley). These cars benefited mostly from small cosmetic changes on the exterior as well as a quite extensively redesigned interior. The biggest interior change was to the instrument binnacle, which was made both flatter and longer than the original, with the ancillary gauges and digital clock moved out of the driver's line of sight almost over the centre of the dashboard, whilst the dials themselves followed modern practice being under a glass hood instead of being deeply recessed as before. Wood trim on both the dashboard and the door cards were included after criticism that the original interior looked downmarket. Car spotters can distinguish the two series by the headlights, which were chrome-rimmed and flush fitting on the Series 2, recessed on the Series 1, the deeper rear window, now fitted with a rear wash wipe, and the new plastic wrap around bumpers which replaced the three-piece rubber and stainless steel ones. Other details, which are not as easy to assign include the full-width rear badge strip under the tail lights, engine size badges on front wings, and a range of new wheel trims and alloy wheels. The automatic gearbox was now a French built GM Turbo-Hydramatic 180 model ( TH180 ), still offering three speeds but better ratios. The electric window switch pack moved from the centre console to the driver's door (and is well remembered for lacking edge finishing trim around the recesses), and a fully automatic choke appeared – eliminating the manual choke lever which had a tendency to break.

Further range expansion
1982 was also the year when SD1 buyers could finally opt for a four-cylinder engine since the two-litre BL O-Series engine of the Morris Ital was now fitted to the car, now called the Rover 2000 - marking the first time an engine from the Austin-Morris division of BL would appear in a Rover. The engine was particularly aimed at company car fleets where its size enabled it to beat a taxation threshold. This broadened the SD1 range and made it more affordable to potential buyers, giving British Leyland an all-round rival to the Ford Granada, which had always featured a four-cylinder version, although unlike the SD1 or earlier P6 had never been available with a V8 engine. The Rover 2000 was not particularly fast, with a continental magazine stating that the most one could say was that it was faster than diesel and turbodiesel cars in the same class.

Another four-cylinder engine became available in the 90 bhp Rover 2400 SD Turbo. This was the only diesel-engined SD1, utilising the HR492 motor from Italian VM Motori also used in the Range Rover Turbo D model, chosen for its petrol-like smoothness. BL had intended for a diesel version of the Rover V8 engine to be used in the SD1 (as well as other models) but the problematic development programme was cancelled in 1983 in favour of engines bought-in from outside manufacturers.

Vitesse
The flagship model was created when Rover introduced a 190 bhp fuel-injected version of its V8. Applying technologies pioneered in the US and Australian markets (where strict emissions regulations meant the inclusion of high compression carburetted engines was not feasible) the new derivative was originally only available in the Vitesse model, but from 1984 onwards it was also offered in the luxury Vanden Plas range, badged as the Vanden Plas EFi. To meet the demands of the luxury executive car market, where automatic transmission tended to be preferred, Rover first offered an auto as an option in the Vitesse, but later withdrew the option and lured the customers to the plush Vanden Plas EFi instead which had all the standard comforts of the Vitesse, such as electric mirrors, windows and locks, a trip computer, headlight washers, an adjustable steering column and a four-speaker stereo (something special at that time). Additionally, it added as standard leather seats (velour cloth was a no-cost option), an electrically operated sunroof (available on all models) and cruise control; the only option being air-conditioning.

The SD1 twin-plenum Vitesse was produced as a homologation special to aid the model's performance for the 1986 European Touring Car Championship season, and featured a new twin, side-entry throttle plenum fuel injection system. Although Rover quoted no power increase in their brochures, power output was actually increased to somewhere between 210 to 220 brake horse power as reported in the motoring press at the time. Rover 'hid' the power increase as they couldn't afford to re-homologate the engine for their touring car racing programme. The 'plug-was-pulled' early and out of a planned production run of 500 cars somewhere between 200 and 250 are known to have been produced.

End Of Production
The SD1 continued until the launch of its successor, the Rover 800 Series, in July 1986. the third product of the British Leyland/Austin Rover venture with Honda, which had been in development since 1981 as "Project XX" and also formed the basis of the Honda Legend.

Despite production ending in 1986, stocks of new SD1s remained available well into 1987, with the latest civilian spec examples were registered under the "E" registration prefix, with some stockpiled police specifications being registered even later, the fastback version of the 800 arrived in 1988. The Rover V8 engine remained in volume production and continued to be used in Land Rover products until 2003.

List of model names
The car was never marketed as the "SD1". The models produced (throughout the life of the range, not all at once) were usually named according to their engine size.
 * Rover 2000
 * Rover 2300
 * Rover 2400 SD Turbo
 * Rover 2600
 * Rover 3500
 * Rover 2000 S
 * Rover 2300 S
 * Rover 2400 SD Turbo S
 * Rover 2600 S
 * Rover 3500 S
 * Rover V8-S
 * Rover 2000 SE
 * Rover 2300 SE
 * Rover 2400 SD Turbo SE
 * Rover 2600 SE
 * Rover 3500 SE
 * Rover Vitesse
 * Rover 2000 Vanden Plas
 * Rover 2300 Vanden Plas
 * Rover 2400 SD Turbo Vanden Plas
 * Rover 2600 Vanden Plas
 * Rover 3500 Vanden Plas
 * Rover 3500 Vanden Plas EFi

The initial June 1976 launch was for the 3500 only. A little over a year later the 2300 and 2600 were added; the V8-S was a short-lived model introduced later (remembered for its headlamp wipers, gold alloys and the option of bright metallic "Triton" green paint), and dropped before the first mild facelift, after which the range was 2300, 2300 S, 2600 S, 3500 SE and 3500 Vanden Plas. The 2000 appeared at the time of the major facelift, with 2400 SD-Turbo, 2600 SE, 2600 Vanden Plas, Vitesse and 3500 Vanden Plas EFi appearing at various times afterwards. At the very end of the life of the car the range was briefly reduced to 2300, 2600 Vanden Plas, and Vitesse (now with a flush chin spoiler, deleted front fog lights, 190 bhp and deleted side graphics)

Foreign production: the Standard 2000
After its replacement by the Rover 800 series in the UK in 1986, the SD1 emerged in India as the "Standard 2000". From 1985 to 1988, it was assembled at the now-defunct Standard factory in Madras (renamed Chennai in 1996). However, the Indian version of the SD1 – powered by an elderly 2.0 L engine with only 83 hp, and with raised suspension – was a failure since the under-powered engine did not justify the high price. Standard ceased car manufacture soon after.

The factory was secured after production ceased with Rimmer Brothers acquiring the entire stock of unused parts for resale in the UK. This has meant that a number of parts which had not been available for some time could again be bought new.

Motorsport
The Rover SD1 saw considerable success in Group A touring car racing in the mid-1980s. Among its major successes were:
 * Steve Soper and René Metge won the 1983 RAC Tourist Trophy driving a Rover Vitesse
 * Andy Rouse won the 1984 British Saloon Car Championship driving a Rover Vitesse.
 * Jeff Allam and Armin Hahne won the Group A class and finished 12th outright at the 1984 Bathurst 1000 in a Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR) Rover Vitesse.
 * Tom Walkinshaw and Win Percy won six rounds (Monza, Vallelunga, Donington, Silverstone, Nogaro and Jarama) of the 1985 European Touring Car Championship driving a TWR Rover Vitesse.
 * TWR Rovers won five rounds (Monza, Donington, Anderstorp, Zeltweg and Silverstone) of the 1986 FIA Touring Car Championship.
 * Kurt Thiim won the 1986 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft driving a Rover Vitesse.

In touring car racing, the 3.5 L Rover V8 engine produced approximately 340 bhp by 1986.

The SD1 also saw use as a rally car in 1984 and 1985, contesting the British Rally Championship in the hands of Tony Pond. Pond won the Group A category of the 1985 championship, but the car was retired at the end of the season in favour of the Group B MG Metro 6R4.

In 2022 David Coxon, Captain of Test Card F led his team to IOE Victory, the highest honor in 24 Hours of LeMons Endurance Racing Series.

Police use
Rover SD1s fitted with V8 engines were highly popular with many police forces in the United Kingdom, with forces across England, Scotland and Wales operating SD1s extensively throughout the 1970s and 1980s, primarily for use on traffic police duties on major roads and motorways. Police specification SD1s had the speedometer moved to the centre of the dashboard for visibility from both the driver and passenger seats, had painted trim on the front bumpers replaced with matt black, and received uprated four-piston front brakes and an automatic transmission. As was the case with civilian SD1s, police specification SD1s tended to suffer from build quality issues, with some forces opting to retire their fleet of SD1s early and purchasing Ford Granadas and Vauxhall Senators to replace them. Near the end of the SD1's production, some unsold Vanden Plas 2300 and 2600 SD1s were painted white and fitted out to police specification.

West Midlands Police, whose area of operations covered Rover's Castle Bromwich, Longbridge and Solihull factories, was the first police force in the United Kingdom to operate an SD1 in service, with a demonstrator Series 1 example being loaned to the force in 1976 for service on the M5 and M6 motorways. The Metropolitan Police, meanwhile, were a major operator of police specification SD1s, with the force's first SD1s to enter service in 1978 introducing their 'jam sandwich' livery. On 8 May 1987, a pair of Metropolitan Police SD1s made an emergency 27-mile drive through heavy central London traffic from Junction 7 of the M11 motorway to deliver a liver for transplant at the Cromwell Hospital in South Kensington within 34 minutes, with onboard video recorded from the backup SD1 later broadcast on Police Stop! and Police Camera Action! as 'The Liver Run'. Grampian Police were unique in taking delivery a single SD1 Vitesse model equipped with a manual transmission in 1984, intended for stopping speeding high-performance vehicles on the Stonehaven Bypass that had been bought by oil industry businesspeople in nearby Aberdeen; this SD1 has since been restored and donated to the Grampian Transport Museum.

Other operators of Series 1 SD1s included police forces in Avon and Somerset, Central Scotland, Cheshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lothian and Borders, the Thames Valley, Warwickshire and West Yorkshire. Operators of the Series 2 SD1, meanwhile, included police forces in Avon & Somerset, Central Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Kent, Lancashire, South Wales, South Yorkshire, Sussex, the Thames Valley and West Yorkshire.

title: Rover SD1


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title: User talk:K2pts


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Hárslevelű

Hárslevelű (in Hungarian), also called Lipovina (in Slovak), Frunza de tei (in Romanian), Lindenblättriger (in German) and Feuille de Tilleul (in French) is a grape variety from the Pontian Balcanica branch of Vitis vinifera.

The name refers to the "lime (tree) leaf" in each of these languages. The grape is native to the Carpathian Basin and is planted in several Hungarian wine regions, but most prominently in the tiny wine region of Somló, and especially in Tokaj-Hegyalja, where it is blended with Furmint to produce Tokaji Aszú and other dessert wines. The grape is also planted in the Slovakian wine region of Tokaj where it is used to produce similar wines. Vinified as a pure varietal dry wine, Hárslevelű is capable of yielding a dense, full-bodied, green-gold wine with an intense aroma of spice, pollen and elderflowers. Hárslevelű is also planted in South Africa.

Synonyms
Hárslevelű is also known under the synonyms Budai Goher, Feuille de Tilleul, Frunza de Tei, Frunze de Tei, Gars Levelyu, Garsh Levelyu, Garsleveliu, Garsz Levelju, Gorsh Levelyu, Hachat Lovelin, Harch Levelu, Harchlevelu, Hars Levelu, Hars Levelü, Hárs Levelű, Hars Levelyu, Harslevele, Hárslevele, Harst Leveliu, Harzevelu, Hosszúnyelű Fehér, Kerekes, Kereklevelű, Lämmerschwanz, Lämmerschwanz, Weisser, Lidenblättriger, Lindenblätrige, Lindenblättrige, Lindenblättriger, Lindenblütrige, Lindener, Lipolist, Lipolist Biyali, Lipovina, Musztafer, Nöthab, Tarpai, Tokai, Tokay, and Vörös.

July 24 - International Lipovina Day

title: Hárslevelű


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Harry Revel

Harry Revel ( Glaser; 21 December 1905 – 3 November 1958) was a British-born American composer, mostly of musical theatre, working with various lyricists, notably Mack Gordon. He is also seen as a pioneer of "space age pop".

Early life and career
Revel was born Harry Glaser in London, England. He was the son of Russian emigrants of Jewish heritage, Jacob Glaser and his wife, from Schrunden in Latvia, who had settled in England. Harry was the second born of four children. His older brother William Revel was a dancer, his younger sister Rene was a singer, and his youngest brother Sam was a concierge in London who later became a travel agent in the United States. They took the last name "Revel" to honor the French soldier of that name who helped them to flee Europe.

Harry Revel learned piano as a child, and studied at the Guildhall School of Music in London. He left around 1922 to go to Paris, where he joined a so-called Hawaiian Band, and toured Europe. He also had his first song, "Oriental Eyes", published in Italy. He then joined a dance band, the New York Jazz Band, and while touring with the group in Berlin was commissioned to write the music for an operetta, Was Frauen Traumen. Its success led to further commissions in Paris, Vienna and London.

Musical theatre and films
After returning to England, he decided in 1928 to move to New York City and become a professional songwriter. There, he teamed up with lyricist Mack Gordon to work on Broadway, writing songs for Ziegfeld Follies of 1931, Fast and Furious, Everybody's Welcome and Smiling Faces. Among their songs was the popular "Underneath the Harlem Moon" (1932), which was recorded by several jazz performers.

He and Gordon moved to Hollywood in 1932 and signed as a team for Paramount Pictures. There, Revel wrote scores for the films Sitting Pretty, Broadway Through a Keyhole, We're Not Dressing, She Loves Me Not, Shoot the Works, College Rhythm, Love in Bloom, Paris in the Spring, Stolen Harmony, Two for Tonight, and Collegiate. In 1936, they moved to Twentieth Century Fox, and continued to have success with films including Stowaway, Poor Little Rich Girl, Ali Baba Goes to Town, Wake Up and Live, You Can't Have Everything, Head Over Heels, and Love Finds Andy Hardy. In 1934, he appeared in Hollywood Rhythm, a short film purporting to show the songwriting team of Gordon and Revel brainstorming the score for College Rhythm.

Revel's partnership with Mack Gordon ended in 1939. Revel remained a British citizen; on two occasions, he and his brother Billy Revel were found guilty of entering the United States with false passports, and were fined. During World War II, Revel organized variety shows for the USO, and continued to write music for films. He was nominated for an Academy Award in 1942 for "There's a Breeze on Lake Louise", from The Mayor of 44th Street, written with Mort Greene; and again for "Remember Me to Carolina", from Minstrel Man, written with Paul Francis Webster. The latter score was nominated for an Academy Award, a first for low-budget studio Producers Releasing Corporation. He also wrote the score for the 1945 Broadway musical Are You With It?, with lyrics by Arnold Horwitt.

Space age pop
In the late 1940s, Revel became interested in using the theremin to create electronic mood music, which he termed "therapeutical music". He worked with arranger and conductor Les Baxter and theremin player Samuel Hoffman to create the 1947 album Music Out of the Moon, released by Capitol Records, and Perfume Set to Music on RCA Victor the following year. In 1950, he wrote the music for Music for Peace of Mind, again with Hoffman but this time with Billy May's orchestra; and in 1955 released Harry Revel's Music from Out of Space, with the Stuart Phillips orchestra and chorus, rather than theremin. Revel has subsequently been seen as a pioneer of "space age pop".

Later activities and death
Revel set up his own publishing company, Realm Music Inc., in the 1950s, and continued to compose until his death.

He died from a cerebral hemorrhage in New York City in 1958, aged 52. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970.

Musical productions

 * Blues in the Night [Musical, Revue] Featuring songs by Harry Revel June 2, 1982 – July 18, 1982
 * Music Out of the Moon Themes by Harry Revel 1947
 * Are You With It? [Musical] Music by Harry Revel November 10, 1945 – June 29, 1946
 * Smiling Faces [Original, Musical, Comedy] Music by Harry Revel August 30, 1932 – September 24, 1932
 * Marching By [Musical] Music by Harry Revel March 3, 1932 – [unknown]
 * Fast and Furious [Musical, Revue] Music mostly by Harry Revel September 15, 1931 – [unknown]
 * Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 [Musical, Revue] Music by Harry Revel July 1, 1931 – November 21, 1931

title: Harry Revel