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Iwerne Minster

Iwerne Minster is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England. It lies on the edge of the Blackmore Vale, approximately midway between the towns of Shaftesbury and Blandford Forum. The A350 main road between those towns passes through the edge of the village, just to the west. In the 2011 Census the civil parish had a population of 978.

Toponymy
The village takes its name from the River Iwerne. "Iwerne" may have been the name of a Celtic goddess or may be a reference to yew trees growing on its banks. The "Minster" part of the name is a reference to the ownership of the settlement by Shaftesbury Abbey.

History
Evidence of prehistoric human activity in the parish consists of five round barrows on the chalk escarpment in the east, and the site of an Iron Age settlement in the southwest, near Park Farm. The settlement, which takes the form of several pits, was excavated by General Pitt-Rivers in 1897; finds included a bronze brooch and silver coins.

In the early Roman period the Iron Age site was altered with the construction of ditches and sub-rectangular pits; finds included 1st and 2nd-century samian pottery and Roman coins dating from the period between Vespasian and Commodus. In the 3rd century a building, possibly an aisled barn, was constructed on the western half of the site; it was 34 m long, 12 m wide and had flint footings 90 cm wide. More Roman coins were found here, dating from the period between Gordian I and Tacitus. Around 300 AD a substantial building was constructed on the eastern half of the site; it was 38.3 m long and 5.5 m wide and divided into four rooms, with a granary built against one external wall and a corridor or outbuildings against another. One of the rooms had plaster walls and a floor made of shale from Kimmeridge. The building was occupied for about sixty years.

In the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was recorded as Euneministre (or Euneminstre). It was in Sixpenny Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Shaftesbury Abbey.

The early settlements in the parish—Iwerne and Preston—were sited by the River Iwerne. There may have been a third settlement contemporary with these, called Hulle. Pegg's Farm in the northwest of the parish is probably a secondary settlement; it was in existence by the early 14th century, though the present buildings are mostly 18th-century.

The parish church, dedicated to St Mary, has a nave, north aisle and north transept dating from the mid-12th century, though it is probable there was a minster and clergy community here before that, as indicated by the village's name and its large size in the Domesday Book.

Iwerne Minster House was built in 1796 by the Bowyer Bower family (who had owned the village and estate of Iwerne Minster since at least 1645), on the site of their original manor. Their family crest, the Talbot, is still represented in the name of the village pub. Iwerne Minster remained in the Bowyer Bower family until 1876, when they sold the estate to George Glyn, 2nd Baron Wolverton. Wolverton had a new house built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed in 1878. A 150 acre ornamental park, including a lake, was also created. James Hainsworth Ismay, second son of Thomas Henry Ismay, bought the estate in 1908; he had a village hall, pump and shelter built, designed clothes for the village children and gave the village shops hand-painted signs, all resulting in the village having a "model" appearance. The estate was sold in 1929 and the mansion became Clayesmore School. From the 1940s until the 2000s, the school was the venue for the influential Evangelical Christian Iwerne camps.

There are 44 structures in the parish that are listed by Historic England for having particular historical or architectural interest. These include the parish church of St Mary (Grade I) and The Chantry (Grade II*). The village noticeboard was designed by Giles Gilbert Scott.

Geography
Iwerne Minster civil parish covers an area of 2865 acre at an elevation of about 52 to 190 m. From east to west the geology of the parish comprises chalk hills in the east, then upper greensand and gault, through to lower greensand around the Fontmell Brook in the northwest. About half of the parish and most of Iwerne Minster village—the area east of the A350—is in the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Measured directly, Iwerne Minster village is about 5 mi north of Blandford Forum and 5 mi south of Shaftesbury.

Governance
Iwerne Minster is in the northern part of the electoral ward called the Beacon Ward, which extends to includes Sutton Waldron, Fontmell Magna, Ashmore, Melburry Abbas & Cann, Twyford, Hartgrove, Compton Abbas, Todber, Stour Row, Stour Provost, East Orchard Shroton. The ward falls within the North Dorset parliamentary constituency and in the 2011 Census had a population of 4,818.

Demography
In the 2011 Census the civil parish had 326 dwellings, 298 households and a population of 978. 21.4% of residents were aged 65 or over (compared to 16.4% for England as a whole).

The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2001 is shown in the table below:

In literature
Virginia Woolf and her husband spent five days in Iwerne Minster in April 1926; she wrote to her friend Raymond Mortimer about how, even though the appropriation of images of rural England for patriotic purposes made her "almost ashamed of England being so English", she and her husband had nevertheless been enchanted by the Dorset landscape in spring. It is possible that the name of the fictional village Bolney Minster in Woolf's 1941 novel Between the Acts was partly inspired by Iwerne.

A pre-Norman conquest Iwerne Minster is imagined, along with neighbouring village Shroton, in Julian Rathbone's 1997 novel The Last English King.

title: Iwerne Minster


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USS Angler

USS Angler (SS-240), a Gato-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the anglerfish.

Construction and commissioning
Angler′s keel was laid down on 9 November 1942 by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 4 July 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Mary E. Drewry (née Metcalf), the wife of Congressman Patrick H. Drewry of the House Naval Affairs Committee, and commissioned at New London, Connecticut, on 1 October 1943.

World War II
Following shakedown in the New London and Newport, Rhode Island, area, Angler sailed to Key West, Florida. She arrived on 21 November and after one week of operations with the Fleet Sound School, sailed for Pearl Harbor on 27 November.

Selected to be transferred from Pearl Harbor, Angler commenced her first war patrol on 10 January 1944, her patrol to terminate at Fremantle, Australia. Angler encountered a Japanese convoy north of the Mariana Islands on 29 January, and attacked with torpedoes. She claimed to have sunk one ship and damaged two others, but postwar records confirmed only the sinking of Shuko Maru. Having developed "structural noises" which prevented silent running, Angler turned back to Midway Island for repairs, arriving on 4 February.

Angler began her second war patrol on 15 February, assigned the waters off the east coast of the Philippines in the Mindanao Sea and Sulu Sea. While she was nearing her patrol area, General Douglas MacArthur had learned that the Japanese were massacring all the civilians they could find on the island of Panay. MacArthur requested that a submarine be assigned to evacuate what was believed to be about twenty civilians from the island. The task fell to Angler, and she found 58 men, women, and children awaiting rescue. Angler took all of them on board and berthed them in the forward and after torpedo rooms. Meals were limited to two per day in an attempt to stretch the submarine's overtaxed food supply. Toward the end of the cruise, many of the passengers and crew became nauseous. The captain suspected the water supply may have been contaminated, and requested that the fresh water tanks be cleaned upon arrival at Fremantle on 9 April.

Angler sailed on 3 May for another patrol as one of eight submarines assigned to support the Operation Transom carrier strike scheduled to hit Surabaya, Java. Their job would be to sink retreating Japanese ships, to provide lifeguard services, and to guard the major passages from the Java Sea (the Sunda Strait and Lombok Strait) to the Indian Ocean lest the Japanese try to move into the Indian Ocean to attack the Allied strike force. Launched as scheduled on 17 May the strikes achieved complete surprise.

The only action of the patrol for Angler came on 20 May, when she torpedoed and sank Otori Maru. Japanese escort vessels administered a bad pounding to Angler, but she escaped damage.

The next day, nausea again gripped everyone on board Angler. The situation was reported to Fremantle, and the submarine was ordered to return at once. Things onboard Angler continued to grow worse. On 22 May, Lieutenant Commander Olsen noted in the log: "Physical condition of officers and crew is so bad that it is difficult to maintain watch, either surface or submerged. Put crew on fruit juice alone, no water. Held thorough field day in case boat is contaminated. Exercised special supervision in cooking, dishwashing." On 23 May he wrote, "Decided to run submerged as we did not have enough able-bodied people to maintain proper surface watch."

USS Flasher (SS-249) and USS Childs (AVD-1) were sent to intercept Angler and lend assistance. USS Crevalle (SS-291) also arrived and transferred a doctor to assist the ailing crewmembers. Angler finally arrived at Fremantle on 29 May. An investigation concluded that an electrician had taken a can of carbon tetrachloride on board as a cleaning agent, which was strictly forbidden. Although the illness was attributed the tetrachloride, some suspected that the fresh water tanks had not been cleaned as requested.

Angler began her fourth war patrol on 21 June. She paused to refuel alongside a barge in Exmouth Gulf on 24 June, and while maneuvering into position, hit an uncharted obstruction. Returning to Fremantle for repairs, Angler was underway again on 29 June with a new starboard propeller. She rendezvoused with Flasher and Crevalle to carry out one of the first "wolfpack" patrols of the war. The group worked the middle area of the South China Sea and along the Indochinese coast, without success. They were then ordered to move to a position off the west coast of Luzon. On 25 July, Angler and her sister ships picked up a large northbound convoy and began a series of attacks over the next few days. While Angler failed to damage any ships, the pack as a whole sank six ships for 36,000 tons. The patrol continued uneventfully until 23 August, when Angler returned to Fremantle.

On 18 September, the submarine departed on her next patrol, to operate with USS Bluegill (SS-242) in the Sulu Sea. On 14 October Angler torpedoed and sank Nanrei Maru.

At 0145 on 22 October, the men on watch on Angler's bridge were startled by voices calling out of the darkness. Repeated attempts to locate the source of the voices proved unsuccessful, but the dawn soon revealed "one of the most gruesome sights imaginable as far as you could see ..." the water literally covered with wreckage and dead Japanese, most clad in Army uniforms. Aircraft in the vicinity made it too risky to stop and investigate a lifeboat, but Angler returned at sunset. At 1806, she brought this boat alongside and counted 26 surviving men, both soldiers and naval ratings. Determining who was the senior officer of the group, the submarine retained three men for questioning, and after giving the men remaining in the boat some food, water, and a course to land, 80 nmi away, released the lifeboat. The three prisoners retained on board – Second Lieutenant Seigi Shimazu, Sergeant Sei Fuji, and Sergeant Toyonaga Nishikawa – had willingly agreed to go along with the Americans.

At 1915 on 23 October, Angler made radar contact with the main Japanese force steaming to contest the Allied invasion of Leyte. Angler tracked the task force until 0240 the following morning, and her contact reports proved of inestimable value to the American forces off Leyte. Ironically, Angler had just made the only worthwhile contact with the only worthwhile convoy of her entire patrol. Although the maneuvers to clear the convoy took her 10 nmi astern of the task force, Angler forsook the convoy of civilian ships for the military task force. On 1 November, Angler rendezvoused with USS Hardhead (SS-365), and received onboard Commander Fred E. Bakutis, a pilot from Fighting Squadron 20 (VF-20) who had been rescued by Hardhead a short time before. Angler returned to Fremantle on 9 November.

On 4 December, Angler left on her sixth patrol, during which time she served a brief period of lifeguard duty. On 13 December, USS Bergall (SS-320) was fired on by a Japanese destroyer. A shell tore a large hole in Bergall's pressure hull and left the submarine unable to dive. Angler, operating in the Java Sea, received orders to proceed to Bergall's assistance, take off the crew and torpedo the ship. She found the crippled submarine on 15 December. Bergall's commanding officer, Commander John Hyde, had decided to remain in Bergall with a skeleton crew. Angler trailed Bergall to take everyone off if a Japanese attack threatened. The two submarines traveled nearly 2000 nmi, through waters mostly controlled by the enemy, and reached Exmouth Gulf safely on 20 December without seeing any Japanese airplanes or ships.

Angler resumed her patrol, but contacted no enemy shipping. She put in at Saipan briefly on 6 February 1945, then continued on to Pearl Harbor. Angler reached the West Coast of the United States on 24 February, and immediately began overhaul at the Bethlehem Steel Company yard at San Francisco, California. She was underway again on 18 May, and by 12 June was ready to begin her seventh and final war patrol. On 27 June, she made a fuel stop at Saipan then sailed to patrol the waters east of Honshū. At that stage of the war, shipping targets were few and far between, and Angler made only two contacts. One of these moved away faster than Angler could close, but the submarine developed the other into an unsuccessful torpedo attack on 25 July.

Angler did, however, conduct three shore bombardment missions during this patrol. The first - on 26 July - found her making a careful reconnaissance to locate a Japanese installation on Kinkasan Island. From a range of about 3000 - 4000 yd, Angler hurled 25 5 in rounds at a target area containing closely bunched buildings, radio towers, and a lighthouse. Although she claimed at least 20 hits, the large clouds of smoke and dust made a closer assessment of damage impossible.

Five days later, on 31 July, after an all-day close-in observation, Angler surfaced at dusk in a thick fog, off Tomakomai, on Hokkaidō, and fired 50 5 in rounds at what looked like a thickly congested factory installation. On 1 August, Angler joined USS Sea Poacher (SS-406) and USS Thornback (SS-418) in carrying out a coordinated gun action against boat sheds and boats; Angler firing 23 rounds of five-inch, 320 rounds of 40 mm and 300 rounds of 20 mm.

Post-War
Angler arrived at Midway on 9 August, and was there when hostilities ceased on 15 August. She sailed for Pearl Harbor on 26 August and paused there briefly before continuing on to the United States. The submarine transited the Panama Canal on 14 September, and called at New Orleans, Louisiana on 20 September. A month of leave and upkeep followed, and on 24 October, Angler got underway for Jacksonville, Florida. She continued on to Newport to unload her torpedoes on 2 November, and arrived at New London on 6 November. Angler sailed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire in February 1946 to begin deactivation. She returned to New London on 21 April, and was decommissioned there on 12 February.

Following her recommissioning on 2 April 1951, Angler held shakedown in the Caribbean Sea. She then began operations from her home port of New London. In October 1952, Angler was decommissioned and entered the General Dynamics Corporation yard at Groton, Connecticut, for overhaul and conversion. During the overhaul, one of her four diesel engines was removed to make room for advanced sonar equipment, part of her conversion to a "hunter-killer submarine". She was redesignated SSK-240 in February 1953.

Upon completion of overhaul, Angler was recommissioned in September 1953 and rejoined the Atlantic Fleet. Following her shakedown in the West Indies from November 1953-March 1954, she returned to New London. She then operated along the East Coast and in the West Indies for the next two years, taking part in numerous Atlantic Fleet exercises, and spent the period from January through April 1956 undergoing overhaul at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Angler made a training cruise to the West Indies, then returned to the East Coast. In October, she deployed to northern Europe and visited several ports in Britain before returning in December to New London.

Angler spent the first eight months of 1957 participating in exercises along the East Coast. On 27 September, she was underway for Europe to take part in NATO fleet exercises. She then visited Dieppe, France and the Isle of Portland, England before returning to New London. Her final operation of the year was a training cruise to Bermuda in November.

From 24 February-23 March 1958, Angler participated in Operation "Springboard," held in the West Indies and Caribbean, following those evolutions with numerous training exercises. On 3 November, Angler once again entered the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for overhaul. Repairs were completed in March 1959, and the submarine resumed her schedule of operations and exercises along the East Coast. She also rendered services to the Submarine School, New London. In 1960, the ship reverted to her original designation, SS-240.

On 24 October 1962, Angler commenced her first deployment to the 6th Fleet and conducted operations in the Mediterranean Sea. In the course of her deployment, she visited ports in Spain, Italy, France, and Greece. She returned to New London on 6 February 1963 and resumed operations with the submarine school. In 1963, Angler was redesignated AGSS-240. For the remainder of her career, the submarine continued her pattern of periodic deployments to the Caribbean and West Indies, made midshipman and Naval Reserve training cruises, and operated in conjunction with the submarine school.

Angler was decommissioned on 1 April 1968 and was assigned to the Naval Reserve training program at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On 30 June 1971, she was redesignated IXSS-240. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 December 1971. Sold to the Union Minerals and Alloys Corporation, of New York City on 1 February 1974, she was removed from naval custody on 4 March 1974 to be broken up for scrap.

Awards
Angler won six battle stars for her World War II service.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Angler


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Shaenon K. Garrity

Shaenon K. Garrity is an American webcomic creator and science-fiction author best known for her webcomics Narbonic and Skin Horse. She collaborated with various artists to write webcomics for the Modern Tales-family of webcomic subscription services in the early 2000s, and write columns for various comics journals. Since 2003, Garrity has done freelance editing for Viz Media on various manga translations.

Early life
Garrity was born in Pittsburgh in 1978. She enjoyed drawing and writing at a young age, and she began drawing comics in high school. As a youth correspondent, Garrity drew a comic strip for the kids' section of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. She studied English at Vassar College, where she ran a comic strip in the college newspaper. Once out of college, Garrity worked as a front-desk secretary at Viz Media for three years while simultaneously creating Narbonic.

Webcomics
Shaenon Garrity conceived her daily webcomic Narbonic in college, after watching the science-fiction films City of Lost Children and Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie back-to-back. She began posting her webcomic, about the evil mad scientist Helen Narbon and her minions, shortly after moving to San Francisco in July 2000. She initially advertised her webcomic to her family, friends, and her old Usenet group, and she submitted her website to major search engines. She also submitted Narbonic to the webcomic portal Keenspot, but it was rejected. Garrity had no plans to profit from her work, but she was curious how far her readership would grow. Narbonic audience grew slowly during its first year, but shot up significantly in 2001, hitting Garrity with steep bandwidth charges.

Narbonic was part of the launch line-up of Joey Manley's webcomic subscription website Modern Tales in March 2002, and it remained the most popular feature on the website until she moved it to Webcomics Nation in 2006. In the following years, Garrity began several webcomics on Manley's subscription services. When the platform Girlamatic launched, Manley and Lea Hernandez suggested she do a Narbonic spin-off featuring a child version of the character Mell, one of Helen Narbon's minions. Garrity initially collaborated with artist Vera Brosgol to write the webcomic Li'l Mell for Girlamatic, and this webcomic later had a rotating roster of artists. For the platform Graphic Smash, Garrity collaborated with artists Robert Stevenson and Roger Langridge to write More Fun, and, for Serializer, Garrity worked with Tom Hart to write TrunkTown. After the launch of Webcomics Nation, Garrity wrote Smithson, drawn by Brian Moore and Roger Langridge. Garrity became content editor for Modern Tales in 2006. She revived the long-form webcomic section of the website and worked on implementing Project Wonderful.

Garrity concluded Narbonic on December 31, 2006, and Garrity began a commentated "director's cut" of the webcomic online a few years later. During Narbonic run, Garrity was contacted by Narbonic reader Jeffrey Wells, who was writing a story that shared some elements with Garrity's webcomic. In 2008, Garrity and Wells launched the daily webcomic Skin Horse. Telling the story of a top secret government agency that handles non-humans as armed social workers, Skin Horse was the most popular webcomic on Webcomics Nation until it was moved to its own website and GoComics. The first volumes of Skin Horse were published by a San Francisco Bay Area artist group, the Couscous Comics collective. Skin Horse concluded in 2022, and the last of its twelve print volumes was published.

In 2010, Garrity brought back Li'l Mell with a new storyline, this time collaborating with artist Cameron Nielson.

Other work
Garrity began volunteering at the Cartoon Art Museum in 2000, and she continued to work there throughout her webcomic career. Shortly after being laid off by Viz Media in 2003, Garrity began doing freelance editing work for the company. She edited One Piece, YuYu Hakusho, Ultimate Muscle, Knights of the Zodiac, and Tenchi Muyo for the English-language Shonen Jump magazine, and wrote reviews for the Animerica magazine. Garrity wrote for Marvel Comics in the mid-2000s, writing the 2005–2007 Marvel Holiday Specials. She was a regular contributor for Sequential Tart, The Comics Journal, Publishers Weekly, and Anime News Network.

Handling the localization of Case Closed, Garrity became responsible for official translations of the names of new characters. Garrity intended to write the book CLAMP in America in 2011, a volume which was intended to cover the history of the popular four-member manga creation team CLAMP. However, this release was cancelled due to copyright issues.

Garrity wrote short science-fiction stories in Strange Horizons, Lightspeed, and Machine of Death. In 2013, Garrity contributed to Dark Horse Comics' CBLDF Presents Manga: Introduction, Challenges, and Best Practices.

Personal life
Garrity is married to artist and Cartoon Art Museum curator Andrew Farago, and they moved to Berkeley, California in 2009. The two had a son in 2014.

Awards
Garrity won the 2005 Friends of Lulu "Lulu of the Year" award, alongside Kazu Kibuishi. In 2005, Garrity's Narbonic won in the "Outstanding Writing" category of the Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards. During her spotlight panel at the 2022 Comic-Con International, Garrity received the Inkpot Award for Achievement in Comic Arts.

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Ruakura

Ruakura is a semi-rural suburb of Hamilton City, in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The University of Waikato is nearby.

The area lies to the east of urban Hamilton and to the west of State Highway 1B (a variant of State Highway 1 which avoids the urban area).

Ruakura Agriculture Research Centre
Waikato Agricultural College and Model Farm was set up in 1888, so that Ruakura is now synonymous with the Ruakura Agriculture Research Centre, the location of institutes such as AgResearch and Plant & Food Research. Areas of AgResearch's research at Ruakura include animal molecular biology (genomics and cloning), reproductive technologies, agricultural systems modelling, land management, dairy science, meat science, food processing technology and safety, and animal behaviour and welfare. Plant & Food Research's site in Hamilton is home to its blueberry nursery, its Bioengineering Group and its Food and Biological Chemistry laboratory. Work is also carried out on biological control agents and plant fertilizer (Ruakura solution). The Waikato region is a major contributor to New Zealand's agricultural-based economy, and Ruakura has an important role in that industry.

The Ruakura Agriculture Research Centre is on land owned by the Waikato Tainui, to whom it was returned by the Crown as part of their 1995 Waikato Raupatu Land Settlement.

The Waikato Regional Council included a majority of the land at Ruakura in the proposed Regional Policy Statement (PWRPS) as a future employment area. The Hamilton City Council Proposed District Plan gave effect to the PWRPS incorporating the Ruakura structure plan. The long-term plan for Ruakura is that it will be New Zealand's largest integrated commercial and lifestyle development anchored by a freight and logistics hub.

Demographics
Ruakura covers 9.02 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Ruakura had a population of 1,158 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 258 people (28.7%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 327 people (39.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 189 households, comprising 549 males and 612 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 20.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 132 people (11.4%) aged under 15 years, 666 (57.5%) aged 15 to 29, 312 (26.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 48 (4.1%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 61.1% European/Pākehā, 13.7% Māori, 5.4% Pacific peoples, 27.2% Asian, and 4.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 39.1, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.0% had no religion, 30.8% were Christian, 0.8% had Māori religious beliefs, 5.7% were Hindu, 2.3% were Muslim, 2.1% were Buddhist and 3.1% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 240 (23.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 51 (5.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $10,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 105 people (10.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 300 (29.2%) people were employed full-time, 174 (17.0%) were part-time, and 69 (6.7%) were unemployed.

In the 2018 census a new Ruakura area was created, covering the University and a rural area on the city fringe. It is 9.02 km2. Up to 2013 Ruakura was part of the 8.22 km2 Newstead area, which covered a similar area, but excluded the university. As shown below, the change resulted in a much larger, younger and poorer population in 2018 than previously and younger than the 37.4 years of the national average. 61.1% were European, 27.2% Asian and 13.7% Māori. Only 3 people lived in meshblock 0955300, at the Research Centre, in 2013.

Education
Tai Wananga is a co-educational state secondary school located in Ruakura. It had a roll of.

Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Toku Mapihi Maurea is a coeducational full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of. The school teaches primarily in the Māori language.

Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of

Ruakura Junction railway station
Ruakura had a railway station from 1 October 1884 to 1 January 1967 at the junction of the East Coast Main Trunk and the Cambridge Branch. The branch had its first public train on 8 October 1884. Ruakura was 8.17 km west of Eureka and 3.94 km east of Claudelands. it was 2.57 km north of Mongaonui (or Mongonui), later renamed Newstead. When the line opened, Ruakura station was described as an island in a swamp, with no road connection. In 2020 reopening as a "passenger rail Metro Station" was put forward as a COVID-19 recovery scheme, as part of a $150m scheme to relay tracks to Cambridge.

Employment area
In 2016, approval was given to create an employment area, with an inland port, served by the railway and the Hamilton Bypass. The development will cover 485 ha, including a 31 ha inland port to the west of the Research Centre. Opening was planned in 2021. In 2021, further developments for Ruakura have been planned to expand it as a residential and logistics suburb, in addition to integrating Ruakura Road into the Waikato Expressway and improving business between regions outside of Waikato. Businesses in the area include a Kmart Distribution Centre and cold storage depots.

In July 2022, the New Zealand division of Kmart announced plans to shift their Auckland distribution centre to Hamilton, with permission of the Waikato-Tainui iwi. It has since opened in September 2023, becoming the new North Island distribution centre for Kmart.

Inland port
The 9 ha, $60m, Ruakura Inland Port, joint venture of Tainui Group Holdings and Port of Tauranga, had its first trains from Tauranga and Auckland on 3 August 2023. It has two 800 m sidings (about 90 containers per train), served by 2 trains a week.

Residential areas
The 2016 Structure Plan included residential development to the north and south of the employment areas.

Greenhill Park
Greenhill Park is a medium density suburb at the north west of the development, begun in 2016, It adjoins Fairview Downs. A 110kV transmission line was undergrounded in 2020 to make way for more housing.

title: Ruakura


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Talk:Spitball

Dry spitter
I wonder if you guys know there's a pitch called the dry spitter? It's in the Mechanics of a Fastball page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.224.136.16 (talk • contribs) 21:38, 14 October 2004
 * I hadn't heard of that until now. I'll try to add a bit, but you can also feel free to add anything about it. — siro  χ  o
 * Actually, after some research into it, I think dry spitter might actually just be slang for the knuckleball. Anyone else know for sure?  — siro  χ  o

RAY CHAPMAN
In the article on the "spitball" the author indicates that the banning of such pitches was in reaction to the death of Ray Chapman. Actually I believe the rule banning the "spitball" as well as other substances and alterations was passed by MLB before the 1920 season, and Chapman was killed in August of the 1920 season. If true, the conclusion is spurious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TraderHank (talk • contribs) 19:38, 22 March 2006

Regarding the Chapman death, last year I discussed this with a local baseball guru whose dad as an MLB ump prior to WWII. His take is that after the rule was passed, mainly to stop pitchers from using copious tobacco use to darken and make the ball slick, enforcement of the rule was lax in both leagues until hapless Chapman was fatally hit by a pitch. So, his death may have played a role in putting an end to spitters. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.64.114.2 (talk • contribs) 01:29, 28 January 2007

 * More info is needed in this subject. The problem in the Chapman case was mainly that the ball was too dark. It's not so much the banning of the spitball that was prompted by Chapman's death, but more frequent substitution of a new ball. The main problem is that a baseball starts out white and gets darker, thus nullifying the effect of the batter's background screen. In cricket, the ball is dark (usually red) and the batsman's screen is white. The ball may get beat up, but it's going to stay dark, and visible. The other side effect of banning the spitball and substituting new balls more often was essentially what Cobb was complaining about, i.e. that it enabled more home run hitting. Cobb, of course, considered that a bad thing. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 13:20, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Pitchers accused of throwing a spitball
Would this section be appropriate? Of course, citations would be of the utmost importance, but this is an important part of baseball lore IMO. Citations are needed in the rest of this article anyway. TexasMathetes (talk) 05:28, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Error in regards to cricket comparison
In the introduction, it says "Preparing a spitball is distinct from ball tampering in cricket, where the use of saliva and sweat as well as the shining of one side of the ball is not only legal but an integral part of the game. The altering of the ball's state by the use of artificial substances such as sun block, dirt or degradation by fingernails or other hard substances is illegal tampering."

However, if one goes to the article on ball tampering, its says "Under Law 42, subsection 3 of the Laws of Cricket, the ball may be polished without the use of an artificial substance, may be dried with a towel if it is wet, and have mud removed from it under supervision; all other actions which alter the condition of the ball are illegal. These are usually taken to include rubbing the ball on the ground, scuffing with a fingernail or other sharp object, or tampering with the seam of the ball." That means that saliva and sweat are not legal, according to the exact wording of the law. Perhaps the comparison statement ought to be removed. 128.8.8.96 (talk) 02:42, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

No, saliva and sweat are not 'artificial substances' for the purpose of law 42 s.3. the comment accurately reflects the law and the way umpires in practise enforce it.Stagiran (talk) 02:36, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Not just spitters?
Right now the article has quite a bit about scuffing balls - maybe we should move the article to more all-encompassing, like Illegal pitches or Doctored baseballs or something? I'm not sure a separate article is warranted for scuffballs, but that would be another option. Thoughts? 99.235.223.170 (talk) 13:32, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

Alternative names-wrong
applying Vaseline or saliva =a spitball, scuffing with sandpaper or emery board =an emery ball, rubbing vigorously to create a shiny area of the ball =a shineball.

shine ball and and emery ball are not alternative names for spitball  (as is stated in the article). They are different kind of doctored balls. 213.149.51.252 (talk) 20:12, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spitball


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George Pullen Jackson

George Pullen Jackson (1874–1953) was an American educator and musicologist. He was a pioneer in the field of Southern (U.S.) hymnody. He was responsible for popularizing the term "white spirituals" to describe the "fasola" singing.

Early life
George Pullen Jackson was born in 1874 in Monson, Maine. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1902. While in college, he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He received a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1904 and a PhD in 1911 from the University of Chicago.

Career
Jackson was an Assistant Professor of German at the University of South Dakota in the 1910s. By the 1930s, he had joined the faculty at his alma mater, Vanderbilt University. He was also a music critic for the Nashville Banner, and the president and manager of the Nashville Symphony Society.

Jackson argued that Tennesseans in the Antebellum South were "far more musically active" than after the war. He added that many people used to attend singing schools, and he blamed the lack of musical training on the radio, which discouraged people from learning to sing in the postbellum era.

Additionally, Jackson argued that Negro spirituals took their origin from poor whites who sang old folk songs from England.

During the 1940s, he studied the roots of anabaptist music (Amish and Mennonite). He proposed the now generally accepted view that the original tunes used in Der Ausbund hymnal were popular medieval melodies. Der Ausbund is still used by Amish groups and has the distinction of being the hymnal with a history of the longest continual use (1564 to the present; the latest edition being published in 1999).

Works

 * White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands: The Story of the Fasola Folk, Their Songs, Singings, and "Buckwheat Notes". University of North Carolina Press, 1933
 * Spiritual Folk-Songs of Early America: Two Hundred and Fifty Tunes and Texts with an Introduction and Notes. Augustin, 1937
 * Down-East Spirituals and Others: Three Hundred Songs Supplementary to the Author's "Spiritual Folk-Songs of Early America". Augustin, 1939
 * White and Negro Spirituals, Their Lifespan and Kinship: Tracing 200 Years of Untrammeled Song Making and Singing Among Our Country Folk, with 116 Songs as Sung by Both Races. Augustin, 1943
 * The Story of the Sacred Harp, 1844-1944. Vanderbilt University Press, 1944
 * A Directory of Sacred Harp Singers and Singing Conventions. 1945
 * American Folk Music for High School and other Choral Groups. C. C. Birchard and Co., 1947 (a collaboration with Charles Faulkner Bryan)
 * Another Sheaf of White Spirituals. University of Florida Press, 1952

title: George Pullen Jackson


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Langton Matravers

Langton Matravers is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Purbeck, in the county of Dorset in the south of England. It is situated about 2 mi west of Swanage town centre and 5 mi south-east of Corfe Castle. In the 2011 Census the civil parish had 381 households and a population of 853.

History
The name Langton stems from "long town", and is first attested in 1206, as Langeton. Matravers stems from the name of John Mautravers who owned the land there in 1281, and ultimately originates from the French "mal traverse".

The Old Malthouse was a preparatory school for boys and, more recently, girls which was founded in 1906, but closed in 2007. Two other preparatory schools Durnford School and Spyway used to be located in the village. Both Durnford and Spyway were closed earlier; Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond novels, was educated at Durnford.

On 2 November 2022, the Ordnance Survey (OS) announced that the historic triple alignment of true, magnetic and grid north had made landfall in the village.

Governance
Langton Matravers is the major part of an electoral ward called Langton. This stretches south to the English Channel and includes Worth Matravers. The total population for the ward at the 2011 Census was 1,491. For governmental purposes, it lies within the Dorset unitary authority and the South Dorset constituency of the House of Commons; until 31 January 2020, it also lay within the South West England constituency of the European Parliament. The first Langton Matravers Parish Council was elected in 1894.

Education
The village is home to St. George's Primary school which was established at the end of the 19th century.

Arts
The village is within walking distance of the Jurassic Coast. The Purbeck Folk Festival is held annually at a farm near the village.

Field studies centre
Leeson House, a Grade II listed 19th-century house, is a field studies centre located in the village, it was a pre-prep school for younger boys until the 1960s.

Museum
Langton Matravers Museum is located in St George's Close, behind the parish church of St George. The museum focuses on the quarrying industry (of Purbeck Marble and Purbeck Limestone) which has historically been important for the village. The museum occupies a former coach house, and houses approximately 25,000 artefacts.

title: Langton Matravers


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Female economic activity

Female economic activity is a common measure of gender equality in an economy. It is one of the numbers used by the UNDP in the calculation of the Human Development Index, but the numbers themselves are gathered by the International Labour Organization. It is a measure of women over the age of fifteen who are working or able to work as a percent of males. It is one of less accurate statistics gathered and is highly variable with regions and year to year within individual countries.

In general female economic activity is lowest in the Middle East and South Asia and highest in developed nations and sub-Saharan Africa. Even though, in Middle East and North Africa women at the age of 30 have more access to health and educational providers than their mothers, they still play a minor role in public, economic and political activities.

In the United States, women's involvement in the economy has shifted from the 1890s to the 1970s. Women used to work in what were called "pink collar" jobs, such as teachers, librarians, and secretaries, but now have careers involving investment like lawyers, doctors, and corporate workers. Compared to men who have always been at a constant high level of employment rates, women are now increasing their numbers in the economy. However, the growth rate is not equal for different regions, e.g. Middle East and North Africa, South and Southeast Asia still cannot compare with other regions and show the lowest rates.

Abbreviated as FEAR, it is a proportion of female population aged fifteen years and above who furnish or are  available to furnish, the supply of labor for production of goods and services in accordance with System of National Accounts (SNA).

title: Female economic activity


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Talk:Foam

[Untited]
Man, I really need help with sorting out these manufactured foams out. Can some chemical engineer or someone who has dealt with foams before please help me out? --flyhighplato 21:45, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Categorization
IT is noticed that SBR latex foam is not included in this

Wow!
Thats alot of different types of foam you got there. This article was very helpful. Keep this article on here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.204.117.176 (talk) 00:15, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

OMG!!! Its an ABDULAABLAGADA —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.204.117.176 (talk) 00:17, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Froth, Lather, Foam
Lather redirects here, but "lather" is not mentioned. The stuff on the cappuccino is froth (I would have said). How about a brief mention of these other expressions? 78.49.79.126 11:33, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Introduction
I've has a go at revising the introduction. The existing one used some very technical terms straight off. I've tried to produce a softer way in for the general reader. I've also mentioned open- and closed-cell foams, because this is an aspect of foams of everyday importance (whereas the polydisperse nature of most foams is not) and one that the reader will be able to connect to via the examples of a bath sponge and a camping mat.

The last paragraph puzzles me. It seems to imply that polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam etc are not actually foams, technically speaking. Is this correct, or is the intention that yes, they are foams, but that they are dealt with in their own articles?

Macboff (talk) 12:01, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

Speed of sound in foam
The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam#Speed_of_sound part is complete bollocks.

It does not talk about the speed of sound at all, switching immediately to a niche topic of hydrostatic power equipment engineering. Even then, the cited frequencies of 1000MHz indicate that the author has no good idea of what he is talking about.

I recommend deletion of the entire content of that section and give links to "speed of sound in composite materials" instead.

Unless objection occurs, I shall edit that section as indicated above.

The 'Foam scales and properties' tab should be removed
In my opinion, the 'Foam scales and properties' tab in the article should be removed as in my opinion it is pointless having an empty tab in the article. Xboxsponge15 (talk) 21:28, 12 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foam


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Longburton

Longburton or Long Burton is a village in Dorset, England, three miles (5 km) south of Sherborne. It is sited on a narrow outcrop of Cornbrash limestone, at the western end of Blackmore Vale. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 470.

History
Medieval records show that Longburton belonged to the See of Sarum. In 1547, the Bishop of Salisbury granted the Manors of Long Burton and Holnest to Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, the Protector. After his execution the manor was held by the Crown until it was granted to Sir Walter Raleigh. In 1594 Raleigh conveyed Long Burton and Holnest to John Fitzjames, who was already lord of the neighbouring manor of Leweston. The Fitzjames family lived at Redlynch near Bruton, Somerset. Their manors were sequestrated in 1645, but were returned at the Restoration.

To the north of the church chancel is a small chapel that was added by Leweston Fitzjames (d. 1638), who installed effigies of his parents Sir John Fitzjames (d. 1625) and Joan (d. 1602). Another monument contains similar effigies of three members of the Winston family from Standish in Gloucestershire: these are the parents and grandfather of Leweston's wife Eleanor. Eleanor's younger sister, Sarah, married John Churchill and was the grandmother of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, whose line included Sir Winston Churchill. The Christian name Winston had become a family name to commemorate Sarah Winston. Sir John Fitzjames (d. 1670), son of Leweston, and his wife Margaret Stephens are buried beneath a tablet on the floor immediately west of the church altar.

When Sir John Fitzjames Junior died in 1699, the manor passed jointly to his sisters, Grace and Catherine and ultimately was settled on Grace's husband Sir George Strode until he died in 1702. The manor then passed to his only daughter Grace Strode who subsequently married and was widowed before dying intestate in 1729. In the absence of her will the terms of her father's will of 1700 applied and matters were so complex that Parliament appointed a Commission to determine how the Strode estates should be divided between Grace's daughters. It took seventeen years before an Act of Parliament was passed to agree the apportionment of the lands between the two heirs, one of whom had since died. The dead daughter's son received her portion and Long Burton manor passed to the dowager Countess of Hertford. She died in 1754 and her estates passed to Sir Hugh Smithson, husband of her only daughter Elizabeth, and subsequently Duke of Northumberland. His family sold the manor to Anthony Chapman, who built an elegant small mansion at Long Burton, which was later owned by Mark Davis. Chapman's widow sold the manor to J.S.W. Sawbridge in 1826. Sawbridge married Sarah Frances Erle-Drax, the heiress of Charborough, and assumed her surname.

With the coming of the railway to Sherborne in the mid nineteenth century the village developed rapidly as a dormitory and most of the present housing stock was built as part of the railway boom. The village housing is mostly either seventeenth-century, late nineteenth-century or late twentieth-century.

The present parish is a tithing of the larger medieval parish of Long Burton. The name derives from burg, a fortified manor, and tun, a homestead or village. It was distinguished as Long Burton (presumably to distinguish it from the other four Burtons in Dorset) because of the length of its main street. The present form of the name as a single word seems to have arisen in the late nineteenth century. However, writing in 1980, author and Dorset resident Roland Gant insisted on using Long Burton, and commented that the village was "irritatingly often now spelled 'Longburton' on road signs, which to me changes its pronunciation in line with Warburton". The village is still recorded as Long Burton on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map of the area.

Governance
Longburton and the surrounding area is a major part of Cam Vale electoral ward which also covers the villages of Alweston, Holwell and Leigh. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,000. This ward is one of 32 that comprise the West Dorset parliamentary constituency, which is currently represented in the UK national parliament by the Conservative Chris Loder.

Geography
Longburton village is a ribbon development along the A352 road, which was the turnpike between Dorchester and Sherborne. A set of traffic lights controls the passage of vehicles between stone cottages sited close to the road.

Longburton parish covers approximately 4 sqkm, measuring approximately 3 km long north to south and about half that west to east. The neighbouring parishes are Castleton, Folke, Holnest, Leweston, and North Wootton.

The surrounding landscape is typical Dorset pasture with small fields divided by hedgerows and small patches of woodland. Away from the narrow strip of Cornbrash limestone on which the village sits, the underlying geology of the vicinity is Oxford Clay, which here results in moist and fertile soil that yields rich dairy pastures. Although the dominant industry is dairy farming, other local industries have included stone-quarrying and more recently land has been given over to orchards. In the early eighteenth century at least five attempts were made to find coal in the area; this was documented by the local vicar William Sharpe.

Demography
The population of the village rose regularly from 216 in 1801 to 339 in 1851,and then fell steadily until in 1931 it was only 241. In 1971 the inhabitants numbered 292 and during that decade increased by 44% to 420 by 1981 when a small housing estate was built on the south western edge of the village. The population has since increased slowly from 414 in 1991 to 435 in 2001 and 470 in 2011.

Architecture
The parish church is dedicated to Saint James the Great. It was originally a chapelry of Sherborne Minster. Most of it was built in the fifteenth century although the square tower was built local of rubble with freestone dressings about two hundred years earlier. The tower's upper storey has a crenellated parapet which was added as part of the main fifteenth-century development. The tower holds six bells with the tenor tuned to G#. Local superstition had it that if the tenor bell sounded dull someone in the parish would die within the week.

West Hall is a Grade I listed Elizabethan manor house to the north of the village. It was owned by the Hymerford and Moleyn families, and later by the 17th century MP Thomas Chafe. In the 20th century, the house was used by the Royal Army Medical Corps.

The seventeenth-century houses in the village are traditional two-storeyed Dorset cottages, and some retain their thatched roofs. After the Second World War some bungalows were built in the heart of the village. Burton House, just north of the church, is a modern building incorporating a mixture of decorations and structural elements of different periods from all over Dorset. Set apart from the village is Leweston Farm, which may have been the old Long Burton manor house. The farm also has a late seventeenth-century five-bay barn.

Two substantial buildings mark the southern extent of the village on opposite sides of the road. The Methodist chapel built in 1878 stands to the East and the now disused Temperance Hall built in 1907 stands to the West.

Records in Dorset County Records Office, Dorchester
The Longburton parish registers begin in 1589 (marriages and burials) or 1590 (baptisms). The latter continue without gaps to 1865. Marriages are likewise complete to 1842, except for the one year 1812. Burials are missing for 1797–1601 and 1804, and have not been deposited after 1812. There are banns for 1824–45 and 1869–1940. There is a printed copy of the register to 1812, while typescripts are available for the whole register for 1813–1837, burials being extended to 1865. Churchwardens' accounts cover a remarkable span from 1634 to 1897 with just two short gaps. Accounts for the Overseers of the Poor survive for 1681–1759; there are six settlement orders, nine removal orders and one bastardy order.

A court book of the Manors of Long Burton and Holnest survives for 1523 to 1609. There are deeds for various properties from 1705 onwards in the archive D/FFO in the County Record Office. One dated 1702/3 relates to property in Long Burton, Little Burton and Leweston.

The tithe map of 1843–4 has an attached apportionment. Another map of 1768 shows lands in Long Burton and Holnest. A facsimile record of land given for a school by J.S.W.S. Erle-Drax, Lord of the Manor, has also been deposited. The school records include log-books for 1872–1900 and 1920–1949 and an attendance register for 1853–1887. Minutes and accounts of the Longburton parish council are deposited for 1894 to 1935.

Notable residents
The most notable resident of Longburton was Reverend Charles Herbert Mayo, the antiquarian who was vicar of Longburton from 1872 to 1912. More prosaically, in 1664 the probate inventory of the late Henry Gumbleton, village blacksmith was valued at £18-13-08.

title: Longburton


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Gusto Records

Gusto Records is a Nashville, Tennessee-based record company that specializes in reissuing and licensing recordings.

The catalogues that Gusto owns include King Records (except for recordings by James Brown), Starday, Scepter (except for recordings by Dionne Warwick, and the pre-RCA recordings of The Guess Who), Wand (except for recordings by The Kingsmen) Musicor, Chart (except for recordings by Lynn Anderson, whose catalog is owned by Sony Music Entertainment, and a few other artists who bought their own masters), Federal, Audio Lab, Ovation, Step One, Atteiram, and others. Gusto is believed to maintain one of the largest independently owned collection of record masters.

History
Gusto was founded in 1973 by Gayron "Moe" Lytle and songwriter Tommy Hill, who owned the Stop Records label. Tommy Hill operated the business while Moe was still in St. Louis. In 1974, Moe Lytle moved to Nashville and bought Tommy Hill's interest in the company, along with the Stop Records label shortly thereafter. It acquired Starday-King Records from Tennessee Recording & Publishing, which was owned by Freddy Bienstock, Hal Neely, Jerry Leiber, and Mike Stoller in 1975. In the late-1970s, Gusto purchased the Chart and Ovation catalogs. Gusto acquired the Musicor, Scepter, and Wand catalogues from the bankrupt Springboard International Records in 1984, along with many masters that were recorded by Springboard itself. Gusto also acquired Little Darlin' Records and a large classical catalog in the same purchase. The Indigo and Audiograph masters were added in the 1980s. The company’s most recent acquisitions were the Mel Street masters, the Step One master catalog, and the Atteiram masters, which included a large bluegrass catalog.

Gusto owns the longest-operating recording studio in Nashville. Known as Starday-King Sound Studios, it opened in 1952 and was used until 2000 for transferring some of the older style masters to other formats and some new recordings.

Gusto first signed artist Red Sovine in 1974. Moe Lytle was a fan of Sovine's and has claimed that one of the main reasons he purchased the Starday/King masters was so that he could own and market the Red Sovine catalog. The first huge hit recorded and distributed by Gusto Records was Red Sovine's single "Teddy Bear", which was released in 1976 using the Starday label and rose to No. 1 on the charts in seven weeks, which was the fastest rise to the No. 1 position for any country music 45-rpm record released before or since (the Beatles did it on the pop chart in two weeks with "I Want to Hold Your Hand"). The song rose to No. 40 on the pop chart. Most recently, Gusto Records released new material recorded by Porter Wagoner in the five years prior to his death.

Gusto Records does its own licensing, both master licensing and sync licensing, under the name Gusto Music Licensing.

"Louie Louie" controversy
Among the master recordings Gusto acquired in the purchase of the Scepter/Wand catalog were those of the 1960s garage band the Kingsmen, including "Louie Louie". In 1993, group members brought legal action against Gusto to have the Wand recordings returned, alleging they had not been paid royalties since 1968. On November 9, 1998, in a story that made national headlines, the Kingsmen were awarded ownership of their Wand recordings.

title: Gusto Records


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Dan Kuykendall

Dan Heflin Kuykendall (July 9, 1924 – June 12, 2008) was an American politician and businessman who served as a United States Representative from Tennessee's 8th and 9th congressional districts from 1967 until 1975. A member of the Republican Party, Kuykendall was the first Republican to be elected in the 8th district since 1920 and was the first to be elected in the 9th district since 1872.

Early life and education
Dan Heflin Kuykendall was born in Cherokee, Texas, on July 9, 1924. During World War II he served as a B-29 pilot from 1942 to 1945. In 1947 he graduated Texas A&M University and moved to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1955 through employment with Procter & Gamble as an executive. On July 6, 1951, he married Jacqueline Meyer and would later have four children with her.

Early politics
During the 1956 presidential election he volunteered for Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidential campaign and during the 1960 presidential election he volunteered for Richard Nixon's presidential campaign. In 1962 he managed former city councilman Ed Davis' campaign for Congress in the 9th Congressional district and Davis came within only 1,200 votes of defeating 22-year incumbent Clifford Davis. From 1963 to 1964, he served as a co-chairman of the Shelby County Republican Party, which was returning to prominence after years of irrelevance. During the 1964 Republican presidential primaries he supported Senator Barry Goldwater.

In July 1963 he stated that he was interested in challenging Senator Albert Gore, Sr. in Tennessee's 1964 Senate election and on September 6, 1963, the directors of the Republican Association of Memphis and Shelby County adopted a resolution urging Kuykendall to run for Senate either against Gore or to fill the vacancy created by Senator Estes Kefauver's death. On February 6, 1964, he announced that he would seek the Republican nomination to run in the Senate election against Gore and would officially announce his candidacy on April 7. Despite Gore having won in 1958 in a landslide with 79.00% of the vote against the Republican 19.01%, Kuykendall received 46.38% of the vote to Gore's 53.62% and in the simultaneous special election Howard Baker received 47.41% of the vote to Ross Bass's 52.14% with both Democrats benefiting from the coattail effect of President Lyndon Johnson winning Tennessee with 55.50% of the vote.

House of Representatives
On March 12, 1966, he stated that he had no political plans outside the Ninth Congressional district, on April 26 he announced that he would challenge incumbent Representative George W. Grider, and on May 25 he formally announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the district. He won the Republican nomination without opposition and in the general election he narrowly defeated Grider with 52.16% of the vote.

He easily won reelection in the 1968 and 1970 elections by over 25% both times. During the 1968 presidential election he supported Richard Nixon and stated that "a vote for Wallace is a vote for Humphrey".

After the 1970 census Tennessee lost a congressional district and the General Assembly moved Kuykendall to the 8th congressional district with Republican areas in his former district being replaced with Democratic areas. He won reelection in 1972 elections against black pastor J. O. Patterson Jr., but by only 11.25%.

Kuykendall established himself as one of the House's most conservative members and was known for being long-winded to the point of what many felt was verbosity, and as a consequence was given the derisive nickname "The Tennessee Talking Horse". During his tenure he served on the Interstate and Foreign Committee and Subcommittee on Aeronautics and Transportation and in 1971 he cosponsored an attempt to impeach Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, but nothing came of it and Douglas retired in 1975.

Watergate
During the Watergate scandal and the ensuing impeachment process he defended President Richard Nixon. He blamed "nonpoliticians" for Watergate by placing blame onto people such as Attorney General John N. Mitchell, stated that those who supported impeachment were trying to lynch Nixon, and he agreed with Nixon's decision to dismiss special prosecutor Archibald Cox. When the House decided to investigate the case for impeachment on October 23, 1973, Kuykendall came to the House floor with a noose and warned the other members against using lynch law tactics. However, on August 5, 1974, he stated that he would reexamine his position on impeachment due to Nixon having refused to hand over evidence to the House and stated that he would support impeachment shortly before Nixon's resignation.

Following Vice President Spiro Agnew's resignation the House voted on House Minority Leader Gerald Ford's confirmation as vice president to President Nixon and all House Republicans vote in unanimity including Kuykendall. When the House voted on former New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's confirmation as vice president to President Gerald Ford, he was one of 153 Republicans to vote for him.

In 1974, the Democrats nominated state Representative Harold Ford, a young member of a prominent black funeral-directing family in Memphis whose political involvement dated to the days of E. H. Crump. Ford staged a tremendous get-out-the-vote campaign in the Memphis black community. He also received the support of many whites angered by Kuykendall's continued support of Nixon in the midst of Watergate. On election night, it looked like Kuykendall had managed to hold onto the seat by a razor-thin margin. However, Ford's supporters found eight ballot boxes purported to have been in the dumpster of the then all-white Shelby County Election Commission. When those ballots were counted, it was enough for Ford to unseat Kuykendall by only 744 votes—one of the closest races of the 1974 cycle. Since then, Republicans have never come close to retaking the Memphis-area district. The district was renumbered the 9th District again in the 1980s round of redistricting, as Tennessee regained a House seat due to its population now growing at a rate above, rather than below, the national average. At that time, it was drawn as a majority-black district, and Republicans have lost interest in the seat.

Post-House career
As is the case with many former members of Congress, Kuykendall stayed in the Washington, D.C., area and lived for many years in Bethesda, Maryland. In 2002, Kuykendall returned to the region and lived in Germantown, a suburb of Memphis.

Kuykendall died on June 12, 2008, after a long illness at age 83.

title: Dan Kuykendall


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Lytchett Matravers

Lytchett Matravers is a large village and civil parish in Dorset, England. The 2011 census recorded the parish as having 1,439 households and a population of 3,424.

History
The name comes from the Brittonic litchet meaning "grey wood" and the Norman surname "Maltravers." Until the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 a Danish lord called Tholf held the manor of Lytchett. An alternative derivation of the name Lytchett is from the word lynchet or linchet, which is an earth terrace found on the side of a hill. Lynchets are a feature of ancient field systems of the British Isles. Such terraces were visible in Garden Wood above the Church and Manor in the 1970's.

After the conquest William I granted the manor to Hugh Maltravers, who was still the feudal overlord when the Domesday Book of 1086 recorded Lytchett Matravers as part of Cogdean Hundred in 1086.

The Maltravers family held the village for about 300 years, until the Black Death reduced the population in the second half of the 14th century. The surviving villagers deserted the original village, sited around the church and manor house, and resettled further up the hill.

The remaining female heir to the title 'in abeyance', Eleanor Maltravers, inherited the title on the death of her sister, Joan, in or after 1376. She married John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel on 17 February 1359.

The estate was later bought from the Arundels by the Trenchard family, who demolished the former manor house and built a new one that incorporated, amongst other facilities, a ballroom and a tower. When the Trenchard family foundered in 1829, the manor passed to the Dillon family who added the name Trenchard to their own. However, the newly titled Dillon-Trenchards chose not to occupy the newer manor house. The Dillon-Trenchards left Lytchett Matravers in the latter part of the 20th century.

Lytchett Matravers has developed over the 20th century from a settlement of mostly scattered cottages with large curtilages to a village with a moderately high housing density. In the 1920s and 1930s there was some ribbon development on the main access road. This continued into the 1950s with the addition of small scale infill housing behind. Since the 1970s development has mainly been through housing estates. In the 1960s and early 1970s many of the original cob and thatch cottages were either demolished or greatly altered, but there are still 13 thatched cottages in the village, some of which retain their original curtilage. Recently some modern developments have included a smattering of thatched houses in an acknowledgement of the local vernacular architecture.

Governance
There is a Lytchett Matravers and Upton electoral ward for Dorset Council. It is larger than the parish, extending westward towards Bulbury. The 2011 Census recorded the ward's population as 3,747.

Geography
The village is on higher ground in a landscape of small valleys, open fields and woods about 5 mi northwest of Poole and a similar distance north of Wareham. The elevation gives views from many parts of the village to Poole Harbour and the Purbeck hills. The village is in the Green Belt of the South East Dorset conurbation. To the northeast are the plantations of Henbury and Stoney Down and to the south the woods of Lytchett Heath.

The village is on what until 150 years ago was the main road between Poole and Dorchester. There is some through traffic through the village between the main A350 and A35.

Religion

The parish church of St Mary the Virgin is 1/4 mi northwest of the modern village, on the former site of the village deserted in the 14th century. The church's west tower is 13th-century, the chancel is 14th-century and the rest of the church was rebuilt in about 1500. It is a Grade I listed building. The west tower has six bells, the oldest of which was cast in about 1400.

Near the middle of the village is a Methodist church, which is a member of Poole Bay Methodist Circuit.

Amenities
Lytchett Matravers has two pubs: the Chequers Inn and the Rose and Crown.

The village has a primary school. It was enlarged and relocated in 1990 and draws pupils from outside its catchment area. Secondary education is provided by Lytchett Minster Secondary School which is about 2 mi from the village.

The village hall was built in 1972, to replace the ailing Victory Hall. It has views over Poole Harbour. A small parish council office is attached.

The youth centre is just off the west end of the High Street and is derelict. The village has a children's play area, recreation ground, basketball court, a skateboarding area and a scout hut for the 1st Lytchett Matravers Scouts.

The Lion Hall and more recently the British Legion have been demolished to make way for new housing estates.

Economy
A small number of businesses run in or from the village. Most of those of working age however, commute elsewhere in Dorset for their work, chiefly to Poole and Bournemouth.

Sport and recreation
There is a cricket club in the village. For children there are Beavers, Cubs, Brownies, Scouts, Guides, an Army Cadet Force Detachment and a Youth Parish Council.

Lytchett Matravers Detachment (The Rifles), Dorset Army Cadet Force, is located opposite the Chequers Inn. The current centre was opened in September 1995, and is to this day home to a successful ACF unit.

The monthly Parish Magazine includes articles on the activities of 12 clubs and societies in the village.

For many years, the village has held a traditional carnival in June.

Twinning
The village is twinned with the French village of Les Pieux, 1+1/4 mi from Cherbourg.

title: Lytchett Matravers


text:
Cuprate

Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. They can be broadly categorized into two main types:

1. Inorganic cuprates: These compounds have a general formula of XYCu_{m}O_{n}. Some of them are non-stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties. An example of an inorganic cuprate is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) ([CuCl4](2-)), an anionic coordination complex that features a copper atom in an oxidation state of +2, surrounded by four chloride ions.

2. Organic cuprates: These are organocopper compounds, some of which having a general formula of [CuR2]−, where copper is in an oxidation state of +1, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds, characterized by copper bonded to organic groups, are frequently used in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion [Cu(CH3)2]-.

One of the most studied cuprates is YBa2Cu3O7, a high-temperature superconducting material. This oxide cuprate has been the subject of extensive research due to its ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively high temperatures.

The term 'cuprate' originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. It is primarily used in the context of oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds, reflecting the diverse roles of copper in chemistry. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.

Oxide cuprates
One of the simplest oxide-based cuprates is potassium cuprate(III) KCuO2. This species can be viewed as the K+ salt of the polyanion [CuO2−]_{n}. As such the material is classified as an oxide cuprate. This dark blue diamagnetic solid is produced by heating potassium peroxide and copper(II) oxide in an atmosphere of oxygen:
 * K2O2 + 2 CuO → 2 KCuO2

Other cuprates(III) of alkali metals are known; in addition, the structures of KCuO2 (potassium cuprate(III)), RbCuO2 (rubidium cuprate(III)) and CsCuO2 (caesium cuprate(III)) have been determined as well.

KCuO2 was discovered first in 1952 by V. K. Wahl and W. Klemm, they synthesized this compound by heating copper(II) oxide and potassium superoxide in an atmosphere of oxygen.
 * 2 KO2 + 2 CuO → KCuO2 + O2

It can also be synthesized by heating potassium superoxide and copper powder:

 * KO2 + Cu → KCuO2

KCuO2 reacts with the air fairly slowly. It starts to decompose at 760 K and its color changes from blue to pale green at 975 K. Its melting point is 1025 K.

RbCuO2 (blue-black) and CsCuO2 (black) can be prepared by reaction of rubidium oxide and caesium oxide with copper(II) oxide powders, at 675 K and 655 K in oxygen atmosphere, respectively. Either of them reacts with the air fast, unlike KCuO2.

In fact, KCuO2 is a non-stoichiometric compound, so the more exact formula is KCuO_{x} and x is very close to 2. This causes the formation of defects in the crystal structure, and this leads to the tendency of this compound to be reduced.

Sodium cuprate(III) NaCuO2 can be produced by using hypochlorites or hypobromites to oxidize copper hydroxide under alkaline and low temperature conditions.

 * 2 NaOH + CuSO4 → Cu(OH)2↓
 * Cu(OH)2 + 2 NaOH + NaClO → 2 NaCuO2 + NaCl + H2O

Cuprates(III) are not stable in water, and they can oxidize water as well.

 * 4 CuO2− + 2 H2O → 4 CuO + O2↑ + 4 OH−

Sodium cuprate(III) is reddish-brown, but turns black gradually as it decomposes to copper(II) oxide. In order to prevent decomposition, it must be prepared at low temperature in the absence of light.

Coordination complexes
Copper forms many anionic coordination complexes with negatively charged ligands such as cyanide, hydroxide, and halides, as well as alkyls and aryls.

Copper(I)
Cuprates containing copper(I) tend to be colorless, reflecting their d10 configuration. Structures range from linear 2-coordinate, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral molecular geometry. Examples include linear [CuCl2]− and trigonal planar [CuCl3](2−). Cyanide gives analogous complexes but also the trianionic tetracyanocuprate(I), [Cu(CN)4](3−). Dicyanocuprate(I), [Cu(CN)2]−, exists in both molecular or polymeric motifs, depending on the countercation.

Copper(II)
Cuprates containing copper(II) include trichlorocuprate(II), [CuCl3]−, which is dimeric, and square-planar tetrachlorocuprate(II), [CuCl4](2−), and pentachlorocuprate(II), [CuCl5](3−). 3-Coordinate chlorocuprate(II) complexes are rare.

Tetrachlorocuprate(II) complexes tend to adopt flattened tetrahedral geometry with orange colors.

Sodium tetrahydroxycuprate(II) (Na2[Cu(OH)4]) is an example of a homoleptic (all ligands being the same) hydroxide complex.
 * Cu(OH)2 + 2 NaOH → Na2[Cu(OH)4]

Copper(III) and copper(IV)
Hexafluorocuprate(III) [CuF6](3−) and hexafluorocuprate(IV) [CuF6](2−) are rare examples of copper(III) and copper(IV) complexes. They are strong oxidizing agents.

Organic cuprates

Cuprates have a role in organic synthesis. They are invariably Cu(I), although Cu(II) or even Cu(III) intermediates are invoked in some chemical reactions. Organic cuprates often have the idealized formulas [CuR2]− and [CuR3](2−), both of which contain copper in an oxidation state of +1, where R is an alkyl or aryl. These reagents find use as nucleophilic alkylating reagents.

title: Cuprate


text:
Network programming

Network programming may refer to one of several things:

 * Computer network programming
 * Scheduling broadcast programs

title: Network programming


text:
Federal Records

Federal Records was an American record label founded in 1950 as a subsidiary of Syd Nathan's King Records and based in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was run by famed record producer Ralph Bass and was mainly devoted to Rhythm & Blues releases. The company also released hillbilly and rockabilly recordings from 1951 onward, e.g., "Rockin' and Rollin" by Ramblin' Tommy Scott on Federal 10003. Singles were published on both 45 and 78 rpm speed formats.

Federal issued such classics as The Dominoes' "Sixty Minute Man", and "Have Mercy Baby" as well as Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' "Work with Me, Annie" which was opposed immediately by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) but went on to be an enormous hit.

James Brown was touring with The Famous Flames when they were signed to Federal in 1956. The group's first Federal single, "Please, Please, Please," was a regional hit and eventually sold a million copies.

Between 1962 and 1965 Freddie King, one of the three Blues "kings" (Freddie, B.B. and Albert), released a series of albums, mostly instrumentals, for Federal.

Johnny "Guitar" Watson was another artist on Federal Records.

title: Federal Records


text:
Vincent Pastore

Vincent Pastore (born July 14, 1946) is an American actor. Often cast as a mafioso, he is best known for his portrayal of Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero on the HBO series The Sopranos.

Early life
Pastore was born on July 14, 1946, to an Italian-American family in the Bronx, New York City, and grew up in New Rochelle, New York. Following his graduation from high school, he enlisted as a sailor in the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War and then attended Pace University for three years, before eventually going into the acting industry after befriending Matt Dillon and Kevin Dillon. On June 3, 2015, during an appearance on Good Day New York, Pastore said he was in the club business for close to 30 years, and got into acting in his forties.

Acting
Pastore has made a career of portraying Italian-American gangsters in film and television. He began with small parts in the 1990s, in films such as Goodfellas and Carlito's Way. In Goodfellas, he is briefly seen rolling a coat rack through the kitchen of The Bamboo Lounge and is credited as "Vinny Pastore" playing "Man with Coat Rack". In Carlito's Way, he portrays one of the friends of the Italian man that dances with Gail, whom Kleinfeld insults. He is listed in the credits as "Vinny Pastore" playing "Copa Wiseguy."

Pastore got a bigger role in the comedy/crime film The Jerky Boys: The Movie (1995) as Tony Scarboni, one of the three gangsters and Lazarro's (played by Alan Arkin) clients. In the 1996 HBO television movie Gotti, Pastore played the character of Angelo Ruggiero, alongside future Sopranos cast members Tony Sirico, Frank Vincent and Dominic Chianese.

In 1999, Pastore got his biggest role in The Sopranos, where he played the character Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero.

In addition to The Sopranos, he has appeared in Mickey Blue Eyes, Flodders in America, Two Family House (with The Sopranos cast mates Michael Rispoli, Kathrine Narducci, Matt Servitto, Michele Santopietro and Sharon Angela), Under Hellgate Bridge, Riding in Cars with Boys, Witness to the Mob, Deuces Wild, Made, Mafia!, The Hurricane, Serving Sara, American Cousins, A Tale of Two Pizzas, This Thing of Ours, Remedy, Shark Tale, Bachelor Party Vegas, The Family, Once Upon a Time in Brooklyn, Money Train, A Brooklyn State of Mind, The Deli, The Last Don II, Johnny Slade's Greatest Hits and Guy Ritchie's Revolver. He served as associate producer of the film Doughboys.

Pastore's other television credits include Grounded for Life, character Vinnie Fellachio in Son of the Beach, Law & Order (various roles from 1992 to 1996), the soap opera One Life to Live, host of Repo-Men/Stealing for a Living, Ed, Queens Supreme, Vegas, Everybody Hates Chris, The Making of the Mob: New York, Blue Bloods, The Making of the Mob: Chicago, and an uncredited voice role in the television program Aqua Teen Hunger Force as Terry.

In 2007, Pastore starred in the independent feature film P.J.: A Journey of the Heart. In 2008, he joined the cast of General Hospital as Maximus Giambetti, father of two characters on the show. He once again plays a mobster. He had roles in 2008's College Road Trip and Our Last Days As Children. He also starred in the 2008 film Dough Boys.

In 2009, Pastore starred in Pavaline Studio's debut short film, Alienated. In 2010, he starred in the award-winning indie mob-comedy Pizza With Bullets. Pastore played Mayor Avenoso in the 2012 indie feature Surviving Family. He appears in the 2013 film I'm in Love with a Church Girl.

In 2014, he appeared in the Broadway musical Bullets Over Broadway as Nick Valenti.

Reality shows
Pastore lost 29 lbs on the fourth season of the VH1 reality show Celebrity Fit Club which ran from August 6 to October 1, 2006.

On February 20, 2007, ABC announced that Pastore would participate in the fourth season of the American version of the competitive dance series Dancing with the Stars. He withdrew from the competition after only one week. Pastore said that he found the necessary training and preparation too physically demanding. John Ratzenberger took his place in the competition.

Pastore was featured as a contestant on the January 2008 edition of Celebrity Apprentice. In the second week, he participated in raising $52,286 by selling hot dogs on a Manhattan street for The Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Research. In a task of selling Broadway show tickets, with Pastore as project manager, he led his team to raise $33,300 for charity. In the fifth week, he got into a faked, blow-out conflict with the project manager of the task, Piers Morgan, in order to see if he could get the women to let him on their team to spy on them. The episode had played out like an episode of The Sopranos with Pastore switching allegiances multiple times.

Pastore was deliberately "ratted out" to the women by Morgan in the end, to make Pastore look bad to the women. While Pastore and the men then lost their task, before Trump even lifted a finger to fire anyone that week, Pastore resigned from the show and Trump eventually accepted Pastore's resignation after trying to convince him to stay. The show ended with a sequence based on the series finale of The Sopranos, ending abruptly before Pastore could give the customary end-of-show interview in the cab. Week 6 episode begins with Pastore meeting his ex-wife Nancy in a restaurant and presenting her the check he received for being project manager for $50,000, in memory of her husband, Mitchell Burke's memorial fund with the Lustgarden Foundation.

On July 1, 2008, Pastore appeared on NBC's new show, Celebrity Family Feud, as part of a family team trying to win $50,000 for their favorite charity. He first competed, with his friends and family, against the cast of The Girls Next Door. Then Pastore's team made it to the finals against Kathie Lee Gifford's family, but did not win. However, Pastore and his team picked up a $10,000 consolation prize for their charity, which is researching a cure for pancreatic cancer.

On April 8, 2011, Pastore and a business partner appeared on Shark Tank for an investment in "Broccoli Wad", a product that holds money. All the "Sharks" wanted out, and Barbara Corcoran said that "this is one of the dumbest things I've ever seen on this show". She later had the idea of putting Pastore's face and name on the box, and labeling it "Vinnie's Wad". She offered $50,000 for a 40% stake in the company, and would give half of her ownership to Pastore in exchange for his name and face on the packaging; Pastore and his partner agreed. A year later, Pastore made an appearance on an episode of truTV's World's Smartest Inventions after his commercial for "The Broccoli Wad" aired on the show.

As of July 10, 2011 he appeared on the VH1 Marc Cronin-produced reality show Famous Food. In the show, contestants are assigned the task of opening a restaurant on the Sunset Strip.

He appeared with Joseph R. Gannascoli on Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back on January 21, 2020.

Radio and podcast
Pastore previously hosted The Wiseguy Show on Sirius Satellite Radio on the now defunct Raw Dog channel 104. Described as a "weekly three-hour celebration of Italian-American culture." Produced by Sopranos co-star Steven Van Zandt, it currently airs on Wednesdays from 6pm-9pm ET. He has also had stints as a radio host on the New Rochelle, New York station WVOX in 2004 and 2012, with guest appearances in-between.

In September 2020, Pastore started a podcast with Goumba Johnny called Fuhgeddaboudit with Vinny Pastore.

Vincent Pastore's Italian Sauce
In 2019, Pastore launched a tomato sauce business under the name of Vincent Pastore's Italian Sauce. The sauce is made with San Marzano tomatoes, is non-GMO and has no added sugar.

Personal life
Pastore is divorced. He was previously married to Nancy Berke with whom he has a daughter, Renee. He befriended Berke's subsequent husband and donated the winnings from his stint on The Apprentice to a charity in his name. He currently lives on City Island. In 2014, Pastore was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

title: Vincent Pastore


text:
Maiden Newton

Maiden Newton is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in south-west England. It lies within the Dorset Council administrative area, about 9 mi north-west of the county town, Dorchester.

Geography
The village is sited on Upper Greensand at the confluence of the River Frome with its tributary of equivalent size, the Hooke. Both these rivers have cut valleys into the surrounding chalk hills of the Dorset Downs. The A356 main road passes through the village. In the 2011 census the parish—which does not include the adjacent settlements of Frome Vauchurch and Tollerford— had a population of 1,119.

History
In 1086 in the Domesday Book, Maiden Newton was recorded as Newetone; it had 26 households, 7 ploughlands, 18 acre of meadow and 2 mills. It was in Tollerford Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Waleran the Hunter. Maiden Newton was the basis for the village of Chalk-Newton, South Wessex, in many of the works of Thomas Hardy. In the vicinity of the village is evidence of Roman occupation and early British settlements. The parish church of St Mary contains much Norman work, with additions from the 14th and 15th centuries. The shaft of the Village Cross is 15th century and is Grade II* listed. There is also the shaft of a Medieval cross in the churchyard which is a scheduled monument. Maiden Newton is also home to one of the country's oldest fire engines, restored and in full working order, the fire engine house built for it in 1842-3 is a grade II listed building.

Maiden Newton is in an electoral ward with the same name, which also contains much of the surrounding countryside including the villages of West Compton, Toller Fratrum, Toller Porcorum and Hooke. The population of this ward was 2,081 at the 2011 census.

Transport
The village is served by Maiden Newton railway station on the Heart of Wessex Line. There was also a railway line from Maiden Newton to Bridport which opened in 1857 and was extended to West Bay in 1884. The Bridport branch line was recommended for closure in the Beeching Report of 1963. By the time the line closed in 1975 it was the last remaining branch line in Dorset. Work is underway to turn the line into a footpath and cycle track.

The A356 passes through the village as does National Cycle Network Route 26.

Three long distance footpaths the Macmillan Way and the Wessex Ridgeway pass through the Village as does the shorter Frome Valley Trail.

title: Maiden Newton


text:
Talk:Four-corner method

Only Traditional Chinese
I believe this input method only applies to Traditional Chinese. Simplified Chinese characters are written differently hence the resulting code will be all wrong. For that reason, Simpified Chinese text is not native to this article and should be removed. Kowloonese 21:51, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I have seen a few old Xinhua Zidian versions use this system instead of the radical system. The dictionary was in simplified Chinese. So i have to say, they did apply the method to simplified chinese.
 * I think this method is very rarely used now both in Input Method and general categorization. --Voidvector 19:59, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't doubt such dictionary exists. But I'd like to find out when you use the Four corner method in your dictionary, do you look up by the traditional writing then it shows you the entry written in Simplified characters?  Or can you use the method to look up the Simplified writing?

 * If latter, I bet your dictionary was a direct translation from the original traditional character version but the publisher didn't remove the inappropriate index. Kowloonese 21:13, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * That, I have no clue. I don't own such dictionary. I will check when I encounter one next time. --空向 19:01, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

Software
Where can i find software for the four corner method (i.e. for windows)? thank you, --Abdull 16:29, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Poem
What does the given poem say? --Abdull 19:07, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * From what I can tell, the English description of the codes is the translation of the poem, just as is given in the next section. Vanisaac (talk) 09:21, 12 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I parleyed my extremely mediocre skills at reading Chinese characters into an in-line "translation" of each poem, and rearranged those sections, because it really was a mess. Vanisaac (talk) 10:02, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Headings
At the moment, this article could do with some more headings. It currently seems rather disorganized, especially to someone like me, who just wants (for now, at least) to know how the system works. Setokaiba✌≝ 23:20, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
The first sentence depends on the reader knowing what encoding is, so that word should be better defined, even as it is linked to its own article. Hires an editor 22:14, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Expert help
''The Four Corner Method was extremely popular in government education circles until pronunciation-based systems, using the Mandarin phonetic symbols (the Guoyu Luomazi was thought to be too radical and difficult) in the GR phonetic chart's (labial-to-velar) "bo-po-mo-fo" order, became fashionable in the mid 1930s. It was used to promote spoken language unification. ''

I don't know what the above paragraph means. I simplified the sentence down to what is currently there, but I don't know that that's correct. Hires an editor 20:52, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not an expert, but the meaning seems plain to me:
 * The Four Corner Method was extremly popular in government education circles until pronunciation-based systems became fashionable in the mid 1930s to promote spoken language unification. These systems used the Mandarin phonetic symbols in the bo-po-mo-fo order that was also found in the GR's phonetic chart. The Gwoyeu Romatzyh itself was considered to radical and too difficult for use.

 * In particular, I believe your assertion that The Four Corner Method was [used] to promote spoken language unification [...] is wrong, seeing as said method does not concern itself with pronunciation at all.
 * 10:09, 22 July 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.105.114.223 (talk)

Also, I'd like to know what is different about the revisions. How are they different from each other? Why did they get revised?

Computer input with Four corner method
This is a technical question: Is this system used in any computer applications and if so, does it make use of the numeric keypad like the CKC Chinese Input System? --A12n 12:11, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Corner order?
What's the order for the corners?

1 2 3 4

Or is it something else entirely? 71.198.127.97 06:35, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * You got it right. — kwami (talk) 16:51, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

bad External Link
The first External Link seems to have gone bad

G. Robert Shiplett 16:51, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Four-corner method


text:
Frank Pellegrino (actor)

Frank Joseph Pellegrino (May 19, 1944 – January 31, 2017) was an American actor.

Early life and education
Born in East Harlem on May 19, 1944, to father Frank, a truck driver, and mother, Ida (née Puccillo), a seamstress, Pellegrino graduated from Oceanside High School and Pace College (now Pace University).

Career
Pellegrino has often acted in law and gangster-themed film and television productions. He was a member of an early 1960s singing group called the Holidaes. Notable acting roles include Johnny Dio in Goodfellas, assorted appearances on Dick Wolf's Law & Order, and FBI Chief Frank Cubitoso on The Sopranos.

He played a Federal Agent in Gotti with Assante.

Pellegrino was a co-owner of the restaurant Rao's in New York City. Books written by Pellegrino include Rao's Cookbook, Rao's Recipes from the Neighborhood and Rao's on the Grill. He also produced the CD An Evening at Rao's, featuring music from Rao's jukebox.

Death
Pellegrino died from lung cancer on January 31, 2017, in Manhattan. He was 72.

title: Frank Pellegrino (actor)


text:
Deluxe Records

Deluxe Records is the record label of German hip-hop artist Samy Deluxe.

History
After Hamburg label Eimsbush went bankrupt in 2003, Dynamite Deluxe member Samy Deluxe founded a new label within the same year called Deluxe Records. At first, it was part of Capitol Records which is owned by EMI. The first artists besides Samy Deluxe himself were the rap group Headliners and rapper Illo. To make them known and to help distributing mixtapes and merchandise, Samy founded the branch Hamburgs Finest. Starting off on the internet, Hamburgs Finest Mixtape Vol. 4 - So Deluxe So Glorious was the first mixtape to retail. 2005 compilation album Deluxe Records - Let's Go, together with the Let's-Go-Tour, helped introducing the label to further audience.

In 2006, five other artists signed contracts with Deluxe Records. They were Munich rapper Ali A$, Ruhr Area artists Manuellsen and Snaga & Pillath as well as Cologne rapper Blade.

On February 12, 2007, an internet show called Deluxe Zoom started broadcasting live performances and backstage footage of the label's artists. The episodes appeared at irregular intervals and today, no more episodes will be produced.

In July 2007, Deluxe Records broke away from Capitol Records/ EMI and is now an independent label distributed over Groove Attack. Solely Same Deluxe's albums will be released over Capitol Records. In December 2007, rapper TUA, formerly signed on Royal Bunker, joined Deluxe Records. On March 14, 2008, Snaga & Pillath broke up with Deluxe Records due to misunderstandings relating to business. Manuellsen also left the label in 2008. Illo, who quit his rap career, and Blade also followed in the same year.

As of now, Deluxe Records consists of Samy Deluxe, Ali A$ and TUA. In December 2008, they released a sampler with the title Liebling, ich habe das Label geschrumpft. It is translated Honey, I Shrunk the Label, which obviously is a parody of the motion picture Honey, I Shrunk the Kids due to the cut of signed artists on the label.

Singles

 * 2005: Samy Deluxe - Let's Go
 * 2006: Headliners - Sag ihnen Bescheid
 * 2006: Manuellsen - Meine Zeit/True Story ("My Time/")
 * 2006: Manuellsen - Dear Christin
 * 2007: Snaga & Pillath - R.U.H.R.P.O.T.T. (feat. Manuellsen)
 * 2007: Illo - Sie ist... (feat. Emory) ("She is...")
 * 2007: Illo - Oh mein Gott (feat. Emory) ("Oh My God")
 * 2007: Snaga & Pillath - Einen Tag (feat. Manuellsen)
 * 2007: Manuellsen - Vor-Bye
 * 2008: Tua - Inzwischen (EP)
 * 2008: Sugon Sia - More Than 2 Cocks inz de Mouf
 * 2008: Ali As - Ich bin ein Star, holt mich hier raus

title: Deluxe Records


text: File:Sick of it All Blood, Sweat & No Tears.jpg


text:
Bethlehem Records

Bethlehem Records was an American jazz independent record label, founded by Gus Wildi in 1953.

History
Bethlehem is remembered for its jazz releases from the 1950s. Producers included Creed Taylor and Teddy Charles. Bethlehem released the first albums recorded by singers Chris Connor (the dual releases Chris Connor Sings Lullabys for Lovers and Chris Connor Sings Lullabys of Birdland) in 1954, Nina Simone (Little Girl Blue) in 1958, and singer/actress Julie London. Julie London recorded four songs that were released on the EP Julie London, and they were later added to the compilation LP Bethlehem's Girlfriends in 1955, which also featured Chris Connor and Carmen McRae. Bethlehem recorded the debut album by Marilyn Moore and the album Somebody Loves Me by Jerri Winters, in addition to many modern jazz musicians including Howard McGhee, Herbie Nichols, Pat Moran McCoy, and Oscar Pettiford.

In 1958, Bethlehem began a distributing deal with King Records. In 1962, Bethlehem Records was sold and absorbed by King Records. After Syd Nathan died in 1968, King was acquired by Starday Records and relaunched as Starday and King Records. It was purchased in 1970 by Lin Broadcasting and in 1972 by Tennessee Recording & Publishing, until acquired by Gusto Records in 1974. At that time, Bethlehem was purchased by the Cayre brothers' Salsoul Records, who initially intended to release its back catalog for inexpensive 8-track tapes in the 1970s. By 1993, the Bethlehem name was revived as Bethlehem Music Company, although Salsoul is often used as an imprint. The Verse Music Group obtained its licensing in 2010. In 2015 BMG acquired the catalog of Verse Music, including the Bethlehem label.

During 2013–2014, Verse and Naxos reissued the 1950s catalogue on LP, CD, and digital download. This included music by Art Blakey, Chris Connor, Paula Castle, John Coltrane, Dexter Gordon, Nina Simone, Mel Tormé, and Zoot Sims.

Selected acquisitions
In 1956, Period Records sold its jazz LP catalog (10 disks) to Bethlehem. Production of all its jazz recordings was supervised by Leonard Feather. Several of the Period recordings had been previously released by Jazztone for mail-order club release.

BCP 1000 Series
The BCP 1000 Series of 10 inch LP records commenced in September 1954 and ran until July 1955 when the label switched to 12 in LP releases.

BCP 12-Inch "Deluxe" Series
The BCP "Deluxe" Series of 12 inch LP records commenced in 1955 and ran until 1960. Early releases consisted of reissues of 10 inch albums from the BCP 1000 Series.

In the move to create the BCP 6000 series in the fall of 1956, Bethlehem removed three original recordings from the deluxe series and replaced them with later recordings. These are noted in the table with both releases shown.

5000 series
The 5000 series of 12 inch LP records commenced in 1957 but only released six albums.

6000 series
The 6000 series of 12 inch LP records commenced in 1956 and ran until 1964.

title: Bethlehem Records