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Soy ink

Soy ink is a plant-based ink made from soybeans (Glycine max). Soy-based ink is environmentally friendly and provides precise colours. However, it is slower to dry than other organic inks.

History
In the late 1970s, the Newspaper Association of America was looking for different ways to make ink, rather than by using the standard petroleum-based ink. Rising prices for petroleum and conflict with OPEC countries were reasons they wanted to find a more reliable and cost efficient method of printing. After testing over 2,000 different vegetable oil formulations, researchers for the NAA came up with the solution of using soybean oil. In 1987, soy ink was tested by The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) in a practical printing run, which proved to be successful. Currently, about one-third of America's nearly 10,000 newspaper printers use it. More than 90% of the nation's daily newspapers are printed with color soy ink. An example of an alternative is bran ink, which uses rice bran oil as a solvent.

The National Soy Ink Information Center was established in 1993 by the Iowa Soybean Association to promote research and use of soy ink. The center created the SoySeal mark used to identify products meeting basic requirements. The success of soy ink was judged to be sufficient to justify the closing of the National Soy Ink Information Center in 2005. Use of the SoySeal is now regulated by the American Soybean Association.

Production
To make soy ink, soybean oil is slightly refined and then blended with pigment, resins, and waxes. Even though soybean oil is an edible vegetable oil, soy ink is not edible nor 100% biodegradable because the pigments and other additives that are mixed with the oil are the same as those used in petroleum-based inks. Degradability studies conducted by Erhan and Bagby concluded that the pigment carrier in 100-percent soy ink degrades almost twice as completely as ink made from soy oil and petroleum resins, and more than four times as completely as standard petroleum inks. Soy ink is a helpful component in paper recycling because the soy ink can be removed more easily than regular ink from paper during the de-inking process.

Vinegar ink (dirty) is a form of non-food soy. It has a number of environmental benefits. Much of the soybean crop requires no irrigation, limited fixed nutrients, and leaves fewer agricultural residues than other crops. Soy ink also has low levels of VOCs, (volatile organic compounds) which helps to reduce air pollution by minimizing toxic emissions.

Since naturally clearer Soybean oil is available, it is possible to obtain as brightly colored ink as by using clear petroleum distillates. By using clearer soy bean oil grades, less pigment is necessary to produce the same optical effect, which reduces the overall cost of the ink. Recent studies involving engineering of certain oils in the bean have resulted in even clearer oils.

Some printers report that they need less ink to print the same amount of paper when compared to petroleum inks. Soy ink has been found to spread approximately 15% further, reducing ink use and printer cleanup costs.

Newspapers use soy ink regularly, especially for color because it creates a sharper and brighter image. Color newspaper inks are more competitive to petroleum-based inks as well. They are only about five to ten percent more because the price is more due to the cost of the pigment, which is not as big a factor with black inks. Color soy inks are more widely accepted because they become the most quickly cost effective after savings in terms of excess pigment, VOC and printer cleanup costs. This “overall cost” for soy inks is significantly lower than the initial market price, and it is at this point that they become competitive with their petroleum counterparts. Soy inks also work well for label printing as they allow a reduction in ink coverage by 85% compared to water-based inks.

Disadvantages
A major problem with soy ink is that it takes more time to dry than petroleum-based inks, due to its lack of evaporative solvents in the form of VOCs. This creates challenges for some printing presses, especially those that use coated papers (such as magazines) instead of porous, uncoated paper (such as newspapers) where the ink can dry via absorption or IR in-line heaters. Current studies into UV-reactive ink curing are being conducted by many ink producers, most prominently the Flint Group. This process dries much faster, is cheaper, uses less energy, and emits no VOCs. This requires a significant equipment change and has not been scaled down to consumer size as of 2006.

Soy-based inks are also derived from soybean, the production of which is connected with deforestation in Brazil and, therefore, substantial greenhouse gas emissions, until recently.

title: Soy ink


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Jack Wagner (announcer)

Jack Francis Wagner (October 17, 1925 – June 16, 1995) was an American radio personality and actor best known for his association with Disneyland. He is famous for the various announcements over the park PA, for parades, special events, etc. He also did voice work for Walt Disney World, and for the attractions themselves, including instructions, emergency precautions, and safety spiels. Because of the prevalence of his voice over the park, his nickname was "The Voice of Disneyland".

One of his most famous lines is from a safety spiel at the Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction, spoken in English and Spanish: "Remain seated please; permanecer sentados por favor." This line is reprised in the nostalgic fireworks show "Remember... Dreams Come True", and is also a line in the film Toy Story 2 (said by Barbie, who was voiced by Jodi Benson), as well as the episode "Rollercoaster: The Musical!" in the Phineas and Ferb Disney animated series. The original recording can also be heard in the opening seconds of Anaheim ska punk band No Doubt's "Tragic Kingdom", a song from the album of the same name. A similarly famous announcement is the message signaling that the Walt Disney World Monorail's doors are closing. This spiel is as follows: "Please stand clear of the doors. Por favor manténgase alejado de las puertas." He also did the vocoder voice for the Main Street Electrical Parade albeit, pitch down in 2017 and then was retired completely in 2022 due to the controversial "ladies and gentleman, boys and girls!".

Wagner also enjoyed a lengthy career as a radio announcer at KNX in Los Angeles, and as a television actor, his best-known role being that of the malt-shop proprietor in The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. He was the younger brother of noted choral director Roger Wagner. Wagner's son Mike, a former disc jockey and radio programmer, is a Disney executive.

Wagner was forced to retire in 1991 following throat surgery, but occasionally still did voice work and brief announcements for Disney. Four years later, he died at age 69 after collapsing at a rest stop in Riverside, California while on his way to Palm Springs on June 16, 1995.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jack Wagner (announcer)


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Pointer (dog breed)

The Pointer, sometimes called the English Pointer, is a medium-sized breed of pointing dog developed in England. Pointers are used to find game for hunters, and are considered by gundog enthusiasts to be one of the finest breeds of its type; however, unlike most other hunting breeds, its purpose is to point, not retrieve game.

The popular belief is that the Pointer descends from the Old Spanish Pointer that was brought to England from Spain with returning soldiers at the beginning of the 18th century. Once in England, they were crossed with local dog breeds to improve the breed's hunting abilities.

Etymology
The Pointer takes its name from the stance it adopts when it detects the scent of game, "pointing" at the hidden game as a visible signal to the hunter that it has found something and where it is; the breed is sometimes called the English Pointer to differentiate it from other pointing dog breeds. The term "bird dog" is usually used to describe all pointing dogs and setters, but in the United States the term is often used to describe the Pointer breed, particularly south of the Mason–Dixon line.

History
There has been much debate among dog historians about the ancestry of the Pointer. The most commonly held position is that the breed descends from Old Spanish Pointers that were imported into England. The popular belief is that Spanish Pointers were first introduced to England in 1713 by soldiers returning from Spain after the Peace of Utrecht. In his Cynographia Britannica, published in 1800, Sydenham Edwards states that the "Spanish Pointer was introduced to this country [England] by a Portugal Merchant, at a very modern period, and was first used by a reduced Baron, of the name of Bichell, who lived in Norfolk, and could shoot flying".

Other early sources suggest Portuguese Pointers, Italian Braccos or French pointers were the foundation of the English breed. In 1902, Victorian era sportsman William Arkwright produced the book The pointer and his predecessors often considered one of the best early histories of the Pointer for which he expended considerable time and money searching continental archives. In the book he notes that he did not find any truly convincing evidence of Spanish Pointers being the foundation stock of the Pointer but still concludes on the basis of all evidence that it is the most likely history. It is noteworthy that in those days dog breeds did not exist as they are known in more modern times, and that a more general pointing type of dog (typically a short haired, hound-like, air-scenting dog with regional variations of appearance that was used for indicating the location of game birds) was known in all of these countries.

A second less commonly held belief is a form of Pointer that was present in England, much earlier than the introduction of the Spanish Pointer, and that they were used from medieval times to indicate the location of hares which were subsequently coursed by greyhounds or caught by hawks; it is held that these dogs were subsequently heavily influenced by the introduction of imported European pointer blood.

The earliest recorded mentions of Pointers in England date from the early 18th century. John Gay mentions Pointers being used to hunt partridge in his 1713 poem Rural sports, and Peter Tillemans produced a painting of the Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull's kennel of pointers in 1725.

A compendium of sources state that in England early Pointers were crossed with other breeds to impart certain desirable traits, including setters, bloodhounds and foxhounds, with some mention of Bull Terriers and bulldogs. Early Pointers were comparatively heavy, ponderous dogs able to hold a steady point whilst the hunter readied his gun. With the steady improvement of firearms throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, faster and more agile dogs were sought so Greyhounds were increasingly introduced to add speed. The introduction of Greyhound blood resulted in the modern Pointer being a much finer dog with a comparatively tucked-up loin, tighter lips and low-set tail, more akin to that of the Greyhound than European pointer breeds.

The Pointer's breed standard was formally adopted in 1936 and has subsequently remained largely unchanged.

Appearance
The Pointer is a medium-sized, athletic breed that is built for both endurance and speed. They typically stand between 21 and 28 in with bitches being shorter than dogs. The breed standard of The Kennel Club states that dogs should stand 25 to 27 in and bitches 24 to 26 in. The breed usually weighs between 45 and 75 lb, with dogs weighing 55 to 75 lb and bitches 45 to 65 lb. The Pointer has a very distinctive head with a slightly dished face and elevated nose, a raised brow, and wide nostrils, their ears are hanging and lie close to the face, are high set, medium-sized, and slightly pointed. The breed standard describes them as having a long, muscular, slightly arched neck; long, sloping shoulders that are well laid back; a chest wide enough for plenty of heart; straight and firm forelegs with good bone; muscular hindquarters; oval shaped feet; and a medium-length tail that is thick at the root. Their coat is short haired, fine, hard, smooth and evenly distributed; they are usually bi-coloured, white with lemon, orange, liver or black coloured patches, whilst rare tri-coloured and self-coloured dogs are also known. The Pointer's short and fine coat makes the breed well suited to working on grouse moors during the summer months but makes them particularly susceptible to feeling cold during wet and cold weather.

When compared to images of pointers from the 19th century the modern breed is a much finer dog, reflecting inclusion of greyhound blood. As with many British gundog breeds, stark differences have emerged between Pointers bred for the purpose of field work and those bred for conformation shows which accent certain features of the breed, such as narrower chests, exaggerated facial features, straighter shoulders, a less natural movement and less muscle than those bred for use as gundogs.

Character
The Pointer is an adaptable, obedient, even-tempered breed; field lines in particular can be extremely active. Compared to other gundog breeds, the Pointer is more aloof and reserved with a lower need for human companionship, perhaps reflecting the blood of the reserved greyhound in its ancestry.

Popularity and use in field sports
When hunting, the Pointer quarters in front of the hunter systematically with its head high scenting the air upwind, when a dog detects hidden game it halts suddenly with its nose pointing to the game so the hunter can prepare to shoot, when ready the hunter commands the pointer to flush the game to be shot.

Many writers consider the Pointer to be the ultimate pointing dog breed because of its sensitive nose, big stylish movements and flashy pointing stance. The Pointer is the most popular pointing dog breed used by sporting estates in the United Kingdom and commercial shooting preserves in the United States, they are also the most popular and successful pointing breed used in pointing dog trials in both countries.

When compared to many of the continental European pointing dog breeds, a classically trained Pointer is usually only used to point and flush walked up game before it is shot, and if required specialist retrievers are used to retrieve the game once shot; the European breeds which are often termed "hunt-point-retrievers" or "versatile gundogs" point game and retrieve it once shot. Additionally, compared to the European pointing breeds the Pointer is typically faster when working and quarters further in search for game.

The Pointer is also used by falconers and austringers in falconry to locate the game to be flushed for the falcon or hawk to dispatch.

Health
The Pointer is considered a generally healthy breed with a life expectancy of 13–14 years, The Kennel Club does not recommend any genetic or screening tests be conducted for the breed. Known inherited conditions that have been found in the breed include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, patella luxation, hereditary sensory neuropathy, spinal muscle atrophy, X-linked cerebellar ataxia and deafness. The breed has minor predispositions to hypothyroidism, demodicosis, cataracts, retinal dysplasia and corneal dystrophy.

title: Pointer (dog breed)


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Henry de Sandwich

Sir Henry de Sandwich was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports during the 13th century.

He was a son of Simon de Sandwich of Preston in Kent, where Henry was born, and also held the post of Constable of Dover Castle.

He married Joan d'Auberville. Their daughter Juliana de Sandwich was born in 1245 and resided at Preston in Kent (died 1327); she married William de Leybourne (Leyburn), Lord Leyburn, (1242–1309).

The tomb of Henry de Sandwich is in the Chapel of St. Bartholomew located in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Dover Road, Sandwich. Open for viewing every Sunday at normal worshipping times.

title: Henry de Sandwich


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Parkhurst

Parkhurst may refer to:

People with the surname

 * Carolyn Parkhurst (born 1971), American author
 * Charles Henry Parkhurst (1842–1933), clergyman and social reformer in New York City
 * Charles Percy Parkhurst (1913–2008), American museum curator who recovered works stolen by Nazis
 * Charley Parkhurst (1812–1879), American woman who, living as a man, became a stagecoach driver, rancher, and farmer
 * Christopher F. Parkhurst (1854–1925), Associate Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court
 * Frederic Hale Parkhurst (1864–1921), American politician and governor of Maine
 * George A. Parkhurst (1841–1890), actor who was on stage the night John Wilkes Booth shot U.S. President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre
 * Helen Parkhurst (1886–1973), American educator, author, lecturer, and television host
 * Hank P. (Henry G. Parkhurst), collaborator in developing the main chapters of Alcoholics Anonymous' The Big Book; see
 * John Parkhurst (c. 1512–1575), English Latin scholar and Anglican cleric who became bishop of Norwich
 * John Adelbert Parkhurst (1861–1925), American astronomer
 * Michael Parkhurst (born 1984), American professional soccer player

Places

 * Parkhurst, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg
 * Parkhurst, Isle of Wight, a community northwest of Newport, Isle of Wight, England
 * HM Prison Parkhurst, a jail
 * Parkhurst, Queensland, a suburb of Rockhampton, Australia
 * Parkhurst (Harwood, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, USA
 * Parkhurst (crater), on the Moon

Other uses

 * Parkhurst Products, a Canadian confectionery and picture card company

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Talk:Organic composition of capital

Untitled 1
Jim, how would it be if you removed your qualification on c:v from the introductory paragraph, and subsequently spelled-out what alternative accounts of organic composition exist in the Marxian literature? Otherwise this seems to me to muddy the waters too much. Adhib 08:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

If I have the time, I'll do it. Jim 15:42, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)

Untitled 2
I'm also a bit puzzled by the removal of my link to Grossmann. The 'four variables' no longer makes much sense. What was the reasoning behind removing it? What should I be looking out for if I want to reinstate it? Adhib 17:06, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Untitled 3
What has this autonomist stuff have to do with a basic definition of Marx's concept? (JB)

 * The Processed World group heavily argued capital composition in relation to white collar and service labours.Fifelfoo 03:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Untitled 4
Isn't there an error in this paragraph:

Marx argues that a rising organic composition of capital is a necessary effect of capital accumulation and competition in the sphere of production, at least in the long term. This means that the share of constant capital in the total capital outlay increases, and that labor input per product unit declines. Ultimately, a rising OCC must depress the rate of profit.

Surely a higher organic composition of capital means more labour, less capital. Should it not be falling? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.195.14.1 (talk) 13:29, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Actually, David Harvey comments in "Limits to Capital" (1982) that the cause of the change in the ratio of constant capital to variable capital is technology; therefore, as the constant capital increases through technological change the variable capital embodied in labor does in fact decrease. I think. J. Smith —Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.182.210.73 (talk) 22:38, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Untitled 5
Hmm, user "201.141.63.50" seems to have gratuitously and without comment changed the chapter number at the start of text (from 25 to the incorrect 23). I changed it back but I'm assuming people will want to watch for this kind of BS. Just so you'll know. 2602:306:C434:2F00:2A0:D1FF:FE94:A6AB (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 20:46, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Beware of Bob Rayner's "editing"
The scam editor Bob Rayner User:Bobrayner specializes in cutting large bits out of articles that he doesn't like, for no reason at all or for some spurious reason. He doesn't understand anything about the subjectmatter. The article then has to be reset to what is was before his vandalism. This article is still being worked on from time to time and Rayner's destructive habits are unwanted here. Jurriaan (talk) 19:23, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

Organic - live vs. dead?
If the "organic" composition of capital refers to how some of it is made up of "living" labor, why is the amount of living labor inversely proportional to the "organic" composition of capital as a whole? Is that really what it refers to, or is it just how, in Marx's opinion, capital has an "organic" tendency to become less..."organic"? Esszet (talk) 00:30, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Organic composition of capital


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Category:Concertos for orchestra

Concertos for orchestra are compositions for orchestra that were called concerto by their creators, despite having no discernible, or continuously identical (group of) soloists, which brings them near to the symphony genre.

 * See also:
 * Category:Concertante symphonies

title: Category:Concertos for orchestra


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Temple of Diana

Temple of Diana may refer to:

 * Temple of Diana (Rome) in ancient Rome
 * Temple of Diana (Nemi) in ancient Rome, on the shore of Lake Nemi
 * Temple of Diana (Nîmes) in Nîmes, France
 * Temple of Diana (Mérida) in Mérida, Spain
 * Roman Temple of Évora in Portugal, sometimes referred to as Templo de Diana in Portuguese
 * an organization of Dianic Wicca
 * a supposed original religious building on the site now occupied by St Paul's Cathedral, London

title: Temple of Diana


text: User talk:152.163.252.168

title: User talk:152.163.252.168


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Scythia Minor

Scythia Minor or Lesser Scythia (Greek: Μικρά Σκυθία, romanized: Mikra Skythia) was a Roman province in late antiquity, corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. It was detached from Moesia Inferior by the Emperor Diocletian to form a separate province sometime between 286 and 293 AD. The capital of province was Tomis (today Constanța). The province ceased to exist around 679–681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681.

According to the Laterculus Veronensis of c. 314 and the Notitia Dignitatum of c. 400, Scythia belonged to the Diocese of Thrace. Its governor held the title of praeses and its dux commanded two legions, Legio I Iovia and Legio II Herculia. The office of dux was replaced by that of quaestor exercitus, covering a wider area, in 536.

The indigenous population of Scythia Minor was Dacian and their material culture is apparent archaeologically into the sixth century. Roman villas have also been found. The cities were either ancient Greek foundations on the coast (like Tomis) or more recent Roman foundations on the Danube. Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. Substantial repairs were made under Emperors Anastasius I and Justinian I, who granted the province fiscal immunity. By the fifth century, most of the troops stationed in Scythia were foederati of Germanic, Turkic, Hunnic or (perhaps) Slavic origin. They were a constant source of tension in the province.

Christianity flourished in Scythia in the fifth and sixth centuries. Numerous Christian inscriptions have been found. Already in the fourth century, there is evidence of martyr cults there. Churches typically had relic crypts. Several prominent theologians hailed from Scythia, including John Cassian, Dionysius Exiguus and the Scythian monks.

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Talk:Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov

This page was previously a redirect to a different Alexei Orlov (Aleksey Grigoryevich Orlov -earlier than Alexei Orlov). The only link to this page refers to this later Orlov. It has hence, been changed from a redirect to an actual article (stub). Aggelophoros 09:09, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov


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Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)

The Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E♭ major, K. 364 (320d), was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

At the time of its composition in 1779, Mozart was on a tour of Europe that included Mannheim and Paris. He had been experimenting with the sinfonia concertante genre and this work can be considered his most successful realization in this cross-over genre between symphony and concerto.

Instrumentation
The piece is scored in three movements for solo violin, solo viola, two oboes, two horns, and strings, the last including a divided viola section, which accounts for the work's rich harmony.

The solo viola part is written in D major instead of E♭ major, and the instrument tuned a semitone sharper (scordatura technique), to give a more brilliant tone. This technique is less common when performed on the modern viola and is used mostly in performance on original instruments. However, modern violists that choose to play scordatura, the way Mozart originally composed it, will more easily project over the orchestra.

Movements
1. Allegro maestoso,

2. Andante,, in C minor

3. Presto,

Recordings
Richard Wigmore in Gramophone (October 2015) writes that there are over 40 CD recordings in all. He rates as best to date one by Iona Brown, violinist and conductor, and Lars Anders Tomter, viola, with the Norwegian Chamber Orchestra, Chandos CHAN9695. Also on his short list is a 1989 recording, with Iona Brown, and with Nobuko Imai, viola. Mention should also be made of the 1951 Casals Perpignan Festival recording with Isaac Stern and William Primrose, Casals conducting.

Legacy
This Sinfonia Concertante has influenced many arrangers to use its themes. In 1808 an uncredited arrangement of the piece for a string sextet was published by Sigmund Anton Steiner under the title Grande Sestetto Concertante. All six parts are divided equally among the six players; it is not presented as soloists with accompaniment. It has also been arranged for cello in place of the viola part.

The Sinfonia Concertante was mentioned in William Styron's 1979 novel Sophie's Choice; after a stranger molests Sophie on the subway, she hears the Sinfonia Concertante on the radio, which brings back memories of her childhood in Kraków and snaps her out of her depression. Variations on the slow second movement were used for the soundtrack to the 1988 Peter Greenaway film Drowning by Numbers by composer Michael Nyman. The original piece is also heard after each of the drownings in the screenplay.


text: Talk:Zuma

title: Talk:Zuma


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Becker muscular dystrophy

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. It is a type of dystrophinopathy. The cause is mutations and deletions in any of the 79 exons encoding the large dystrophin protein, essential for maintaining the muscle fiber's cell membrane integrity. Becker muscular dystrophy is related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy in that both result from a mutation in the dystrophin gene, however the hallmark of Becker is milder in-frame deletions. and hence has a milder course, with patients maintaining ambulation till 50–60 years if detected early.

While there is no known cure, management strategies such as physical therapy, braces, and corrective surgery may alleviate symptoms. Assisted ventilation may be required in those with weakness of breathing muscles. Several drugs designed to address the root cause are currently available including gene therapy (Elevidys).

Other medications used include glucocorticoids (Deflazacort, Vamorolone); calcium channel blockers (Diltiazem); to slow skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, anticonvulsants to control seizures and some muscle activity, and Histone deacetylase inhibitors (Givinostat) to delay damage to dying muscle cells. These patients do not require antisense drugs (Ataluren, Eteplirsen etc.) as certain percentage of dystrophin is already expressed.

Signs and symptoms
Some symptoms consistent with Becker muscular dystrophy are: • Muscle weakness, gradually increasing difficulty with walking

• Severe upper extremity muscle weakness

• Toe-walking

• Use of Gower's Maneuver to get up from floor

• Difficulty breathing

• Skeletal deformities of the chest, and back (scoliosis)

• Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles

• Muscle cramps

• Heart muscle problems

• Elevated creatine kinase levels in blood Individuals with this disorder typically experience progressive muscle weakness of the leg and pelvis muscles, which is associated with a loss of muscle mass (wasting). Muscle weakness also occurs in the arms, neck, and other areas, but not as noticeably severe as in the lower half of the body. Calf muscles initially enlarge during the ages of 5–15 (an attempt by the body to compensate for loss of muscle strength), but the enlarged muscle tissue is eventually replaced by fat and connective tissue (pseudohypertrophy) as the legs become less used (with use of wheelchair).

Complications
Possible complications associated with muscular dystrophies (MD) are cardiac arrhythmias. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) also demonstrates the following:
 * Mental impairment (less common in BMD than in DMD)
 * Pulmonary failure
 * Pneumonia

Genetics
The gene affected is the DMD  gene, is located on the X chromosome and is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Since women have two X chromosomes, if one X chromosome has the non-working gene, the second X chromosome will have a working copy of the gene to compensate, because of this ability to compensate, women rarely develop symptoms. All dystrophinopathies are inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. The risk to the siblings of an affected individual depends upon the carrier status of the mother. Carrier females have a 50% chance of passing the DMD mutation in each pregnancy. Sons who inherit the mutation will be affected; daughters who inherit the mutation will be carriers. Men who have Becker muscular dystrophy can have children, and all their daughters are carriers, but none of the sons will inherit their father's mutation.

The DMD gene can be broken down into four different regions: the N terminal, rod, cysteine-rich, and carboxy terminal. This is the largest gene/protein in the human body, and due to its size, can have many different mutations affecting it and therefore differing clinical presentations.For example some patients with Becker's can be asymptomatic aside from blood work abnormalities, and some can present with progressive muscle weakness, heart defects, and difficulty with activities of daily living.Some literature even describes unique cases where muscle pain, cramping, and elevated creatine kinase levels are the only presenting symptoms instead of the classic presentation of muscle weakness.

Becker muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1.5 to 6 in 100,000 male births, making it much less common than Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Symptoms usually appear in men at about ages 8–25, but may sometimes begin later. Genetic counseling may be advisable when potential carriers or patients want to have children. Sons of a man with Becker muscular dystrophy do not develop the disorder, but daughters will be carriers (and some carriers can experience some symptoms of muscular dystrophy), so the daughters' sons may develop the disorder.

Diagnosis
In terms of the diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy symptom development resembles that of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A physical exam indicates lack of pectoral and upper arm muscles, especially when the disease is unnoticed through the early teen years. Muscle wasting begins in the legs and pelvis, then progresses to the muscles of the shoulders and neck. Calf muscle enlargement (pseudohypertrophy) is quite obvious. Among the exams/tests performed are:
 * Muscle biopsy (removes a small piece of muscle tissue, usually from the thigh, to check for dystrophin in muscle cells.)
 * Creatine kinase test (checks the level of Creatine Kinase proteins in the blood. Creatine Kinase proteins are normally found inside of healthy muscle cells, but can be found in the blood when muscle cells are damaged.)
 * Electromyography (shows that weakness is caused by destruction of muscle tissue rather than by damage to nerves.)
 * Genetic testing (looks for deletion, duplication, or mutation of the dystrophin gene.)

Treatment
There is no known cure for Becker muscular dystrophy yet. Treatment is aimed at control of symptoms to maximize the quality of life which can be measured by specific questionnaires. Activity is encouraged and can be considered vital for long term survivability for these patients. Inactivity (such as bed rest) or sitting down for too long can worsen the muscle disease. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength. Orthopedic appliances such as braces and wheelchairs may improve mobility and self-care.

Immunosuppressant steroids have been known to help slow the progression of Becker muscular dystrophy. The drug prednisone contributes to an increased production of the protein utrophin which closely resembles dystrophin, the protein that is defective in BMD.

The cardiac problems that occur with EDMD and myotonic muscular dystrophy may require a pacemaker. Other cardiomyopathy seen in Beckers can also be treated with ACE-inhibitors, cardiac transplant, and other personalized treatment.

The investigational drug Debio-025 is a known inhibitor of the protein cyclophilin D, which regulates the swelling of mitochondria in response to cellular injury. Researchers decided to test the drug in mice engineered to carry MD after earlier laboratory tests showed deleting a gene that encodes cyclophilin D reduced swelling and reversed or prevented the disease's muscle-damaging characteristics. According to a review by Bushby, et al. if a primary protein is not functioning properly then maybe another protein could take its place by augmenting it. Upregulation of compensatory proteins has been done in models of transgenic mice.

Prognosis
The progression of Becker muscular dystrophy is highly variable—much more so than Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There is also a form that may be considered as an intermediate between Duchenne and Becker MD (mild DMD or severe BMD). Severity of the disease may be indicated by age of the patient at the onset of the disease. One study showed that there may be two distinct patterns of progression in Becker muscular dystrophy. Onset at around age 7 to 8 years of age shows more cardiac involvement and trouble climbing stairs by age 20, if onset is around age 12, there is less cardiac involvement.

The quality of life for patients with Becker muscular dystrophy can be impacted by the symptoms of the disorder. But with assistive devices, independence can be maintained. People affected by Becker muscular dystrophy can still maintain active lifestyles.

Research
There is no cure for any type of muscular dystrophy group. Several drugs designed to address the root cause are under development, including gene therapy (Microdystrophin), and antisense drugs (Ataluren, Eteplirsen etc.). Other medications used include corticosteroids (Deflazacort), calcium channel blockers (Diltiazem) to slow skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, anticonvulsants to control seizures and some muscle activity, and immunosuppressants (Vamorolone) to delay damage to dying muscle cells. Physical therapy, braces, and corrective surgery may help with some symptoms while assisted ventilation may be required in those with weakness of breathing muscles. Outcomes depend on the specific type of disorder.

History
Becker muscular dystrophy is named after the German doctor Peter Emil Becker who published an article about it in 1955.

title: Becker muscular dystrophy


text:
Presentism

Presentism may refer to:

 * Presentism (historical analysis)
 * Philosophical presentism

title: Presentism


text:
Kasur

Kasur (Punjabi, ; ; also romanized as Qasūr; from pluralized Arabic word Qasr meaning "palaces" or "forts" ) is a city to the south of Lahore, in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The city serves as the headquarters of Kasur District. Kasur is the 16th largest city in Punjab and 24th largest in Pakistan, by population. It is also known for being the burial place of the 17th-century Sufi-poet Bulleh Shah. It is farther west of the border with neighboring India, and bordered to Lahore, Sheikhupura and Okara Districts of Punjab. The city is an aggregation of 26 fortified hamlets overlooking the alluvial valleys of the Beas and Sutlej rivers.

Etymology
Kasur derives its name from the Arabic and Persian word qasur (قصور), meaning "palaces," or "forts." According to a legend, Kasur was founded by, and named for, Prince Kusha of the Ramayana, son of the Hindu deities Rama and Sita. According to that account, the city was named Kashawar along with its neighbouring city, Lahore which was named Lahawar. Historical records reject an ancient founding of the city and date it to 1525, when it was found as a fortified settlement.

Early
The Kasur region was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley civilization. The Kasur region was ruled variously by the Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Kabul Shahi kingdoms. The region is also said to have been visited by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in 633 AD. Alexander Cunningham writes about his visit describing the place filled with tombs, mosques, and thickly covered with ruins. The city which is most commonly associated with Kasur was described as being situated somewhere on the right bank of the Beas (Sutlej) opposite to the city of Lahore.

Ghaznavids
In 1005 CE, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, took over the region under the Ghaznavid dynasty. This led to the introduction of Islam in the Northern Punjab area, after being conquered. Sufi missionaries were sent to the region in order to preach Islam which made the Punjab region predominantly Muslim. The city was later under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals.

Kheshgi Dynasty
Kasur was established as a city by the Kheshgi tribe of Pashtuns from Kabul who had migrated to the region in 1525 from Afghanistan during the reign of Babur and built several small forts in the area, establishing the Kheshgi chieftaincy. The city was built as an aggregation of about twelve fortified hamlets, known as kots (کوٹ) forming a considerable town. The 12 mahallahs (abodes) were built by the order of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, and named after the heads of various Pashtun families. Some of these forts have been severely damaged over time.

Under Mughal rule, the city flourished and was notable for commerce and trade. It became the home of the legendary Sufi saint and celebrated poet, Bulleh Shah, who is buried in a large shrine in the city. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Kasur region fell into a power vacuum. Kasur was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani of the Durrani Empire.

Sikh
The Sikhs sacked the city in 1747 under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, and again in 1763 after Durrani shifted to Afghanistan. The Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh, captured the city in 1807 in the Battle of Kasur. During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the city was occupied by Company forces on February 10, 1846.

British
During the British Raj, the irrigation canals were built that irrigated large areas of the Kasur District. Communal disturbances between Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims erupted in 1908 over the issue of meat sales. Riots erupted following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919, leading to the destruction of civic infrastructure, including the city's railway station. Martial law was imposed on 16 April 1919 in response to the riots.

Modern
After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India, while Muslim refugees migrated from India and settled in Kasur. Kasur emerged as a major centre of leather tanning after independence, and is home to 1/3rd of Pakistan's tanning industry.

Kasur is one of the biggest market and trading hub in the country of hides collection and leather tanning and processing. In recent times, hide traders in Kasur were engaged in smuggling donkey hides, a medicinal demand, to China via Karachi Port.

In January 2018, two protestors were killed in rioting over the rape and murder of Zainab Ansari, a seven-year-old girl. There had been 12 similar murders in the past two years, five of which have been linked to one suspect, leading to widespread anger at police failures.

In November 2020, Russia sponsored a 1,122-km high pressure RLNG pipeline from Port Qasim, Karachi to Kasur. In May 2021, Islamabad and Moscow agreed to change the name of the North-South Gas Pipeline Project to "Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline".

Geography
Kasur is bordered to the north by Lahore, by India to the south and east, it also has borders with Okara and Nankana Sahab district. The city is adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala, a border with its own flag-lowering ceremony.

Ecoregion
Kasur is situated in a subtropical thorn woodland biome (Northwestern thorn scrub forests) and in the Deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion according to the World Wide Fund for Nature's map of ecological regions in the world.

Climate
Kasur has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), bordering a humid subtropical climate (Koppen: Cwa). Kasur has extremes of climate; the summer season begins from April and continues till September. June is the hottest month. The mean maximum and minimum temperature for this month are about 45 C and 27 C respectively. The winter seasons lasts from November to February. January is the coldest month. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures for the coldest month are 22 C and 0 C respectively. With rainfall towards the end of June, monsoon conditions appear and during the following two and a half months the rainy season alternates with sultry weather. The winter rain falls during January, February and March, ranging from 23 mm to 31 mm. Water logging and salinity have affected a large area of the district, making the underground water brackish.

Demography
The population of Kasur is 382,000 as of 2020. The principal tribes residing here include the Rajput, Jats, Arains, Dogars, Ansari, Sheikh, Pashtuns etc. Among them there are also a concentration of Kashmiris who had migrated earlier, during partition. There are also Moeens or artisans; they include Christians, blacksmiths (Lohar), carpenters (Tarkhan), ceramicists (Kumhar), barbers, weavers etc.

Religion
The population in Kasur is predominantly Muslim with some small Christian and Hindu minorities. In a census conducted by the Office of the Census Commissioner in 1951, the result was that 96% of the population of Kasur was Muslim with 0.004 being Hindu minorities and 0.034 being Christian minorities.

Notable people

 * Aseff Ahmad Ali, former Foreign Minister
 * Ram Nath Chawla, Indian Pilot
 * Bawa Lal Dayal, 14th-century saint
 * Irshad Ahmed Haqqani, journalist, writer
 * Noor Jehan, singer and actress
 * Rana Muhammad Iqbal Khan former speaker Punjab assembly
 * Ahmad Raza Khan Kasuri, former member of National Assembly of Pakistan
 * Fauzia Kasuri, a Pakistani politician and women's activist
 * Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, former Foreign Minister
 * Mahmud Ali Kasuri, a Pakistani politician, lawyer and human rights activist
 * Nawab Muhammad Ahmed Khan Kasuri, Pakistani judge, allegedly assassinated by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
 * Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, classical vocalist of British India
 * Barkat Ali Khan, classical vocalist of British India
 * Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Muslim scholar and author
 * Yousuf Khan (actor), actor
 * Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza, spiritual murshid of Bulleh Shah and Waris Shah
 * Sardar Asif Nakai, Member of the Punjab Provincial Assembly
 * Sardar Talib Hassan Nakai, Member of National Assembly of Pakistan
 * Najam Sethi, journalist, writer, Pakistan Cricket Board chairman
 * Bulleh Shah, Sufi saint and spiritual poet
 * Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist
 * Basit Jehangir Sheikh, Politician, youngest founder member of the Pakistan Peoples Party (P.P.P)
 * Fateh Muhammad Sial, first Ahmadi missionary sent from India

title: Kasur


text:
H-Wonder

H-Wonder is a Japanese music arranger and composer. He debuted in 1995. In June 1998, he stopped being a solo artist and changed his name to H-Wonder and became a composer. One of his notable collaborations is with Maaya Sakamoto and BoA.

Singles

 * Subete Konomama Dakishimereba - 24 March 1995
 * Ready Steady Go! - 23 August 1995
 * Mystic Eyes - 24 April 1996 (Ending theme for the anime series The Vision of Escaflowne)
 * Sugita Koi no Ato - 7 November 1996
 * Dawn - 21 February 1997
 * Chocolate Parfait - 17 December 1997
 * Kitto Daijobu - 1 April 1998
 * Happy - 30 September 1998 (Only sold in Hokkaido)

Albums

 * Dawn-bright - 24 April 1997
 * Wonder Hero 2: Brand New Atlas - 21 June 1996
 * Wonder Hero - 21 April 1995

Collaborations

 * On/Off - Arranger
 * "Futatsu no Kodō to Akai Tsumi" (ふたつの鼓動と赤い罪) - Opening for Vampire Knight
 * Maaya Sakamoto - Composer and arranger
 * "Loop" (ループ) - Ending for Tsubasa Chronicle
 * "Spica" (スピカ)
 * "Action!" - Opening theme for Clamp in Wonderland 2
 * "Fuyu Desuka?" (冬ですか?)
 * "That is to Say!" - Follow me Up Album]
 * BoA - Composer and arranger for some songs
 * "Every Heart (Minna no Kimochi)" - Arranger
 * "Beside You (Boku o Yobu Koe)" - Arranger
 * "Quincy" - Arranger
 * "Key of Heart" - Composer and arranger
 * "Beautiful Flowers" - Arranger
 * Max - Arranger
 * "Spring Rain"
 * Kōmi Hirose - Arranger
 * "Velvet"
 * "The Shining Story"
 * "Sayonara"
 * Folder5 - Composer and arranger for some songs
 * "Fake" - Composer and arranger
 * "Magical Eyes (Mochi2wondermix)" - Arranger
 * Koda Kumi - Arranger for some songs
 * "Cutie Honey" - Opening Theme Song for the anime Re: Cutie Honey
 * "into your heart" - Ending Theme Song for the anime Re: Cutie Honey

title: H-Wonder


text:
Ismail Merchant

Ismail Merchant (born Ismail Noor Muhammad Abdul Rahman; 25 December 1936 – 25 May 2005) was an Indian film producer. He worked for many years in collaboration with Merchant Ivory Productions which included film director (and Merchant's longtime professional and domestic partner) James Ivory as well as screenwriter Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. Together they made acclaimed film adaptations from the novels of E.M. Forster and Henry James. Merchant received the BAFTA Award for Best Film for A Room with a View (1985), and Howards End (1992). He received Academy Award nominations for Best Live Action Short Film for The Creation of a Woman (1959) and for Best Picture for A Room with a View (1985), Howards End (1992), and The Remains of the Day (1993).

Early life and education
Born in Bombay (Mumbai), Merchant was son of Hazra (née Memon) and Noor Mohamed Rehman, a Bombay textile dealer. He grew up bilingual in Gujarati and Urdu, and learned Arabic and English at school. When he was 11, he and his family were caught up in the 1947 partition of India. His father was the President of the Muslim League and refused to move to Pakistan. Merchant later said that he carried memories of "butchery and riots" into adulthood. As a child at the age of 9, Merchant delivered a speech about partition at a political rally in front of a crowd of 10,000.

At age 13, he developed a close friendship with actress Nimmi, who introduced him to studios in Bombay (the center of Hindi film industry). It was she who inspired his ambitious rise to stardom. Merchant studied at St. Xavier's College, Mumbai and received BA degree of University of Bombay. It was here he developed a love for movies. When he was 22, he moved to USA to study at New York University where he received an MBA degree. While in New York, he gave up his family name of Abdul Rehman for Merchant.

He supported himself by working as a messenger for the UN in New York and used this opportunity to persuade Indian delegates to fund his film projects. Of this experience, he said, "I was not intimidated by anyone or anything." Immersed in a new world of art and culture, it was here that Merchant discovered the films of Bengali director Satyajit Ray, as well as those of European artists such as Ingmar Bergman, Vittorio De Sica, and Federico Fellini. In 1961, Merchant made a short film, The Creation of Woman. It was shown at the Cannes Film Festival and received an Academy Award nomination.

Merchant Ivory Productions
Merchant met American movie director James Ivory at a screening in New York of Ivory's documentary The Sword and the Flute in 1959. In May 1961, Merchant and Ivory formed the film production company Merchant Ivory Productions. Merchant and Ivory were long-term life partners. Their professional and romantic partnership lasted 44 years, from 1961 until Merchant's death in 2005. They were both also involved with the gay composer Richard Robbins, with whom they collaborated on several films.

The Guinness Book of World Records says theirs was the longest partnership in independent cinema history. Until Merchant's death in 2005, they produced nearly 40 films, including a number of award winners. Novelist Ruth Prawer Jhabvala was the screenwriter for most of their productions.

In 1963, MIP premiered its first production, The Householder, based upon a novel by Jhabvala (who also wrote the screenplay). This feature became the first Indian-made film to be distributed internationally by a major American studio, Columbia Pictures. However, it wasn't until the 1970s that partnership "hit on a successful formula for studied, slow-moving pieces ... Merchant Ivory became known for their attention to tiny period detail and opulence of their sets". Their first success in this style was Jhabvala's adaptation of Henry James's The Europeans.

In addition to producing, Merchant directed a number of films and two TV features. For TV, he directed a short feature entitled Mahatma and the Mad Boy, and a full-length feature, The Courtesans of Bombay, made for Britain's Channel Four. Merchant made his film directorial debut with 1993's In Custody based on a novel by Anita Desai, and starring Bollywood actor Shashi Kapoor. Filmed in Bhopal, India, it won National Awards from the Government of India for Best Production Design and Special Jury award for lead actor Shashi Kapoor. His second directing feature, The Proprietor, starred Jeanne Moreau, Sean Young, Jean-Pierre Aumont and Christopher Cazenove and was filmed on location in Paris, France. Of his partnership with Ivory and Jhabvala, Merchant once commented: "It is a strange marriage we have at Merchant Ivory ... I am an Indian Muslim, Ruth is a German Jew, and Jim is a Protestant American. Someone once described us as a three-headed god. Maybe they should have called us a three-headed monster!"

Cooking and writing
Merchant was fond of cooking, and he wrote several books including Ismail Merchant's Indian Cuisine, Ismail Merchant's Florence, Ismail Merchant's Passionate Meals, and Ismail Merchant's Paris: Filming and Feasting in France. He also wrote books on filmmaking, including a book about the making of the film The Deceivers in 1988 titled Hullabaloo in Old Jeypur, and another about the making of The Proprietor called Once Upon a Time ... The Proprietor. His last book was entitled My Passage from India: A Filmmaker's Journey from Bombay to Hollywood and Beyond.

Death
Merchant died in Westminster, England aged 68, following surgery for abdominal ulcers. He was buried in Bada Qabrastan Mumbai in Marine Lines, Mumbai, India on 28 May 2005, in keeping with his wish to be buried with his ancestors.

Awards and nominations
In 2002 he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India. He was also a recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence.

title: Ismail Merchant


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slashdot trolling phenomena

Slashdot trolling phenomena was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep

Trolls are not encyclopedic. They are are menace. We certainly do not need the antics of trolls from one single website. Think about it. I could post a link to a picture of a man stretching his anus and get an encyclopedia article about me too. Norm 09:27, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Simply not notable. Are we ever going to get rid of the stigma of "The Encyclopedia That Slashdot Built"? Ambi 09:34, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, rework existing sensible content into Internet troll or somesuch. zoney ♣ talk 09:44, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's an interesting topic, and who says trolls aren't encyclopedic? That's like saying we shouldn't have articles on Nazism etc. -- Schnee 09:59, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, you are utterly out of your mind Notable site, very famous phenomena (online at least). Kim Bruning 10:20, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's interesting, and Slashdot is a tremendous piece of internet culture. Plasma 12:03, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Antisocial behaviour is antisocial behaviour. There is nothing especially big or clever about it on Slashdot, it isn't exceptional, it isn't interesting. Anything that can't usefully be moved to Slashdot or Internet troll can just be got rid of. Average Earthman 12:59, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * First I was tempted to say delete, but clearly a lot of work and research went into this article (and it's two years old). This trolling isn't unique to Slashdot, although that's the strongest attractor of most of these specific trolls.  The best solution might be to merge a huge amount of this article with Internet troll.  Plutor 13:08, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * This Votes for Deletion Trolling has to stop. Listing every article you don't like is not acceptable behaviour. Keep. Mark Richards 16:57, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * What the crap? Important part of Slashdot; keep! Twinxor 16:59, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. ElBenevolente 17:19, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Demonslave 18:46, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, for sure! Intrigue 18:50, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep -- it's informative, and an important topic to a large number of people, thus it belongs here. --zenohockey 19:36, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gamaliel [[Image:Watchmensmiley20.gif]] 19:40, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have never once in my life trolled, but I certainly don't want to deny its existence or notability.  Slashdot had to change the way the community worked in response to trolls.  If you don't like reading about Slashdot, then don't do that!  — siro  χ  o
 * Keep. Your fundament to delete the artice is really exaggerated. I agree with Plutor Pentalis 1:34:49 29 Sep 2004  (UTC)
 * Keep. infomative and of interest to more than a few. -R. S. Shaw 04:38, 2004 Sep 29 (UTC)
 * Keep Well made, wiki correct and it does talk about something that's quite notable (Slashdot) --Asmodai 11:50, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It may come as a surprise to you that I think this should be kept, given that I've nominated all the particular groups involved for deletion, but I think that the topic itself is marginally notable, and I could go either way on this being merged or kept on its own. To me, that means I should vote keep. --Improv 12:17, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Many of these trolls having become Internet-wide in-jokes. -- Chuq 13:53, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Keep.' If this isn't worthy of inclusion, nothing on Internet culture is worthy of inclusion. (I'm tempted to say that the VfDing of this article is trolling in itself.) jdb 20:25, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. If Internet trolls warrants an article, then so does this. Slashdot was one of the first websites to be trolled significantly and a diverse array of trolls are still very evident today. OK, so maybe the article wouldn't make Brittanica, but it is still interesting and informative. Isn't that what wikipedia is about? Think about your breathing (sorry, couldn't resist ;) ) Bobbis 21:04, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Slashdot subculture. If the article is too long (and it will be), then it needs to be shortened (and it does). [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 23:39, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * If this article is kept, it really needs to be moved to Slashdot trolling or equivalent. Since when was trolling a phenomenon? [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 23:43, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've been a slashdot moderator for far too long, and I can attest to the accuracy and usefulness of the article.  Where else would you find such a good description of a notable, if degenerate, culture? Mackensen 04:56, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. It's too long and not important enough. --G Rutter 08:15, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - are you mad? The Recycling Troll 21:51, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Vociferous Keep - Slashdot memes have become a part of internet culture. If stuff like All your base are belong to us can become front-page feature articles, then why not the site and the community that popularized it? Submitting this to VfD might be the grandest troll of all: 1. submit article to VfD 2. ??? 3. Profit !!! Deepak 16:55, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Troll haters should shut the fuck up. GNAA Popeye 17:11, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Definitely. Its a really interesting cultural phenomena.  This VfD is biased against geeks!  :-)  Ppe42 13:17, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge useful content into Slashdot, Internet troll, and perhaps List of Slashdot memes ("I find your ideas intriguing and wish to subscribe to your newsletter" is not really a trolling phrase) and perhaps redirect the original. -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:17, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, or merge if you have to. I dont think deletion is warranted, altough it might need some revision/moving/merging. Brutulf 10:39, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable phenomenon in Internet culture. Agree w/ Mark Richards. jni 11:35, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Imagine a beowulf cluster of votes for deletion while pouring hot grits down the pants of the cowboy neal poll option in soviet russia, with natalie portman, naked and petrified. Goat-see 15:55, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * MOD PARENT UP Twinxor 20:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Slashdot trolls

List of Slashdot trolls
List of links to a couple of "troll" posts on a website. Not article worthy. Norm 09:27, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Simply not notable. Are we ever going to get rid of the stigma of "The Encyclopedia That Slashdot Built"? Ambi 09:33, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * By writing articles about other things, not be deleting valid articles about this. Mark Richards 17:00, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. zoney ♣ talk 09:44, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Might be incorporated into the article on Slashdot trolling phenomena, but as long as it's just a list of extlinks, it doesn't deserve an article of its own, I think. -- Schnee 10:00, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * It was split out of that article when it became unmanagably big. It needs its own article. Mark Richards 17:01, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. You're utterly out of your mind . Examples to do with trolling phenomena. Kim Bruning 10:21, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge - pir 10:47, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/prune. Thue | talk 10:57, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * This comes of having an overinflated opinion of the importance of Slashdot. The three year old kid who shouts 'poo' in the local supermarket isn't important, and neither are these people. Delete. Average Earthman 12:56, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Don't feed. Jallan 14:52, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 15:02, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm ambivalent about the Slashdot Trolling Phenomenon article, but I'm quite sure there's no need for this. Isomorphic 16:00, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - this was created because there was too much material in the Slashdot trolls article. It is a valid article, people have written papers on this kind of thing. Internet culture is a legitimate thing that people might want to look up. Mark Richards 16:59, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. A stupid list about stupid people. Trollvertisement. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:29, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's basically just a bunch of external links anyway, not an encyclopedia article. Still waiting for the article on The three year old kid who shouts 'poo' in the local supermarket. -R. fiend 17:54, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: well, we do have an article about the penis game... • Benc • 18:51, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * So we do, and I'm glad to say it's not at all what i imagined it might be. -R. fiend 05:09, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trolls have all the rest of the Internet to play in, get them out of here.  RickK 18:00, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge. Many of the trolls on the list are already mentioned in Slashdot trolling phenomena. Spatch 18:14, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * This is a valid subpage of Slashdot trolling phenomena, but it clearly violates two sections of the WP:NOT policy (list repository of loosely associated topic; mere collection of external links). Therefore, it isn't appropriate for the Wikipedia. Either transwiki to Wikiquotes or merge back into it's parent article. Or delete along with Slashdot trolling phenomena, if a delete consensus emerges for the parent article. (I don't think we should delete one and not the other.) • Benc • 18:51, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Intrigue 18:56, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Please note that this user deleted every other person's vote when adding his/her own. RickK 19:54, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that - I think it was browser / site trouble - when I clicked edit, it came up with a blank page. Intrigue 22:33, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I realise it was moved from another article. It should simply have been removed. —Rory ☺ 19:51, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. What's next, a list of every annoying thing these people have ever done? Fire Star 20:44, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, uninteresting list of links and in clear violation of WP:NOT. Kosebamse 21:15, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep or rather merge with Slashdot trolling phenomena. I strenuously object naming Slashdot subculture not notable. You might think about it what you want, but sheer number of users makes it notable. Only objections I agree with, is violation of link repository policy. Przepla 21:20, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tregoweth 21:32, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 00:41, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ancheta Wis 01:24, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -R. S. Shaw 04:47, 2004 Sep 29 (UTC)
 * Delete. Lists are only rarely encyclopedic. --Improv 12:15, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Wolfman 16:00, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Impossible to keep NPOV. Who's going to maintain this in an NPOV fashion? Violation of link repository policy and arguably original research. Jallan 16:20, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 20:46, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedia, inherently NPOV, impossible to maintain, and you're supposed to ignore trolls, not encourage them. (I can just imagine the next "Slashdot trolling phenomenon"—see if you can get into enough trouble to be added to this list!) [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 23:41, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Slashdot trolling phenomena, otherwise delete. It's a useful reference for anyone interested in /. trolls and trolling, but doesn't deserve its own article. Mackensen 05:00, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Not worthy of an article. Delete. -- (<- this vote by User:Mike Rosoft. Mike, don't forget to sign your votes, rgds, Wile E. Heresiarch)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 21:51, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: If it had the content its title suggested, i.e. the people/groups, it might be a bit closer to being appropriate (although personally I think that only 2 or 3 examples should be listed). However, listing instances of trolling is both mistitled and utterly non-notable, about as significant as, say, having a list of posts by some randomly chosen usenet user. --Improv 18:59, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - stupid, not encyclopedic, and hopelessly unmaintainable. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:40, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Taco Deposit | Talk-o Deposit 22:56, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - although "I have a Yoda doll shoved up my anus!!!" "Tell us when you've embedded Linux" is funny, I'll admit. DS 21:52, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slashdot subculture

Slashdot subculture was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep

We don't need extensive articles about the subculture of a website. Think about it. I could make a lame joke and get an encylopedia article too. Norm 09:27, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Simply not notable. Are we ever going to get rid of the stigma of "The Encyclopedia That Slashdot Built"? Ambi 09:33, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Deletion isn't the way to do that… — David Remahl 13:19, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * As stigmata go, I'd say that's not much more than a "beauty mark." [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:27, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * By writing more good content, not by deleting good content that we have. Mark Richards 17:06, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good article. Unfortunate that so much effort went into it rather than something else, but there it is. zoney ♣ talk 09:46, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. There's nothing wrong with it, and no reason why we shouldn't have an article on it, either. Granted, it's a relatively obscure topic, but don't we take pride in having articles even on topics that wouldn't appear in old-fashioned encyclopedias like Britannic? -- Schnee 10:01, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. You are utterly out of your mind . Um, has had quite a lot of influence on internet culture. Kim Bruning 10:23, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - pir 10:47, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Obscure topic, but somewhat notable and interesting. Has had some influence on a good part of the internet. Thue | talk 10:56, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Let the reader decide what he needs and looks for. The right to choose:-) --GillianAnderson 11:23, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well written, informative, sufficiently important.
 * Keep. Slashdot is a wonderful example how on the internet a group culture can develop. Sander123 11:43, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * An obscure topic, which has an over-inflated 'importance' here because it's a web clique. I'm going to vote delete, but I expect it'll be kept, and if so I just hope that any useful stuff from the Slashdot trolling pages is moved here and they're got rid of. Average Earthman 13:04, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge all of these into the main slashdot article. Delete, there is nothing notable here. Oh, they make fun of certain users? Their humor is often sarcastic? They tell bad jokes? Whoop-de-doo, this could be called "Internet board subculture" because the same damned thing holds for every other bulliten board out there with only slightly varying specifics. --Fastfission 13:06, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, the encyclopaedia should have an article on this. Many fads have originated and/or gained popularity on slashdot and spread to other places on the Internet. However, I fear that a lot of the information in the article is original research. I know that academic papers have been written on the subject, so it is very much salvageable. If it is deleted now, someone could speedy delete it the next time someone with actual factual information creates it. — David Remahl 13:16, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Deletion of an article on VfD does not prevent another article on the same subject or even with the same name being written. If this were deleted, only what is essentially the same article could be speedy deleted if it reappeared. But I'm not voting either way at the moment. Jallan 14:33, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * One would think so, and I certainly do. Not everyone agrees. And I can understand that line of reasoning too, if an article is deleted based on the subject's lack of notability, why should a new article on the same subject not be deleted (unless something happened to make the subject notable)? — David Remahl 15:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Quite true, if notability is the only reason for deletion. But matters are often not so clear cut. Often there are mixed motives, e.g. not especially notable and somewhat POV. Another writer on the same topic may make notability clearer and be more NPOV. I recall an obvious advertisement being placed here with a comment that the text was not quite so bald as a previous version with the same name and that it was different text and so it was not a candidate for speedy deletion. Jallan 17:02, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Archaeologists dig through more middens than pyramids. You never know what's going to be important years down the track. V 15:10, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: By that logic Wikipedia should keep everything. That's not possible, or Wikipedia would be overrun with advertising and vanity and POV, all quite likely useful to a future scholar but not what Wikipedia is for now. Nothing should be kept for that reason. Jallan 17:02, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Well, talk about reductio absurdum. Are you arguing that the article Slashdot subculture is advertising, vanity, or POV? V 15:30, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, I'm arguing that your reason was not a valid one, that it would just as well apply to an article that was advertising, vanity, or POV. Jallan 16:31, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Heh, seems like this boils down to a mis-understanding then since I was only applying this argument as a counter against it being deleted for not being notable or the topic being *cough* trash. Anyway, as far as future scholarly works on garbage in wikipedia goes, that's what the edit history is for. Cheers. V 16:54, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly good article, and a genuinely notable Internet community. I was certainly aware of the existence of Slashdot and its subculture for at least a couple of years before I created an account and started reading it regularly. Uneven topic coverage is part and parcel of Wikipedia, no point in fussing over it. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:23, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. While it is not _all_ interesting, it is a valid article.  /. has a role here and on the net Cavebear42 16:02, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and make political and vexatious use of vfd a bannable offense. Mark Richards 17:06, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wow, thats a lot of work, and pretty good (altho the topic may be transitory in the long run). Geecee 17:12, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable.  ElBenevolente 17:21, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: subtrivial fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:46, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very obscure, and I can't stand slashdot, but there's nothing wrong with the article. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ─┼─ ]] 18:48, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Intrigue 18:54, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not perfect, but a generally informative and descriptive article (some people will even look for this, IMO) about a tedious subculture. Fire Star 20:42, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tregoweth 21:34, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ancheta Wis 01:19, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Even if it commited the 'sin' of being Original Research, it should be headed towards Wikisouce, NOT deleted. Also, improving is far better than plainly deleting. Pentalis 1:32:09 UTC 29 Sep 2004
 * Keep. -R. S. Shaw 05:14, 2004 Sep 29 (UTC)
 * Keep. Slashdot is actually a pretty big cultural phonomenon, and so its subculture is *probably* notable enough to document. --Improv 12:17, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Found it interesting [Anonimous Coward :)]
 * Keep. This article doesn't contain blatant factual errors, why delete facts?  Wiki should be the encyclopedia of everyting, not of everything except the Slashdot subculture.  The article was certainly notable enough for the rest of us to find and comment on.
 * Keep. But this should be pared down—it's really too long to be useful. (And why isn't it Slashdot culture?) [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 23:45, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * My two cents: Merge with a new article on Internet forum subcultures. Many of the memes documented in this article may have originated on slashdot, but none of them are unique to it (except maybe the crappy tech jokes). Move slashdot specific content to Slashdot, move the rest to a new page, giving credit to Slashdot where credit is due. -Randwicked 11:10, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 21:52, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's well written, cotains good information, albeit for a small group, this is a good place to merge other Slashdot articles that do not deserve an article. -- Solitude 13:11, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. - Brutulf 10:46, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. We don't need articles on subcultures of the Slashdot subculture, like Slashdot trolling phenomenon and Gay Nigger Association of America, but Slashdot is definitely sufficiently important that it deserves its own article.  If that article happens to be more thorough than other articles, so much the better.  Users who complain about the "encyclopaedia that slashdot built" are invited to submit articles on non-Slashdot topics. Saforrest 18:22, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. What on earth is your motivation to destroy and limit the content of this encyclopedia? Are your preferences and your views on what Wikipedia should be so strong, you use VFD as a tool to further your aims? How about letting all the flowers bloom? --Tmh 21:36, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Nothing wrong with it! Has interesting and insightful information.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Aschehoug (Egmont)

Aschehoug was a Danish book publisher, first part of Aschehoug and later Egmont Group, a major Danish media corporation.

It was Denmark’s second largest publisher with a revenue of approximately EUR 55 million (2003) and with a strong schoolbook publisher, Alinea, as part of the publishing house. With its schoolbook publisher Alinea and Forlag Malling Beck, Aschehoug command a strong position in the market for educational materials for Danish elementary and lower secondary schools.

History
In 1908, the Norwegian publishing house Aschehoug expanded with a branch in Copenhagen. In 1926 this branch became Aschehoug Dansk Forlag. In 1961, it was incorporated into the Egmont Group. In the 1990s it was known for its many biographies and memoirs among a wide range of publication types. In 2006, the publishing house had 160 employees and a turnover of DKK 470 million. DKK annually. In 2007, Egmont acquired the Danish publishing business of the Swedish Bonnier Group. On that occasion, Aschehoug merged them under the name Lindhardt og Ringhof.

title: Aschehoug (Egmont)


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Braxton Hicks contractions

Braxton Hicks contractions, also known as practice contractions or false labor, are sporadic uterine contractions that may start around six weeks into a pregnancy. However, they are usually felt in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

Associated conditions
Braxton Hicks contractions are often confused for labor. Braxton Hicks contractions allow the pregnant woman's body to prepare for labor. However, the presence of Braxton Hicks contractions does not mean a woman is in labor or even that labor is about to commence. Another common cause of pain in pregnancy is round ligament pain.

'''Table 1. Braxton Hicks contractions vs. true labor'''

Pathophysiology
Although the exact causes of Braxton Hicks contractions are not fully understood, there are known triggers that cause Braxton Hicks contractions, such as when a pregnant woman:

 * is dehydrated
 * has a full bladder
 * has just had sexual intercourse
 * has been exercising (running, lifting heavy objects)
 * is under excessive stress
 * has had her stomach touched

There are two thoughts for why these intermittent uterine muscle contractions may be occurring. The first is that these early “practice contractions” could be helping to prepare the body for true labor by strengthening the uterine muscle. The second is that these contractions may occur when the fetus is in a state of physiological stress, in order to help provide more oxygenated blood to the fetal circulation.

Signs and symptoms
The determination of Braxton Hicks contractions is dependent on the history and physical assessment of the pregnant woman's abdomen, as there are no specific imaging tests for diagnosis. The key is to differentiate Braxton Hicks contractions from true labor contractions (see Table 1 above).

Most commonly, Braxton Hicks contractions are weak and feel like mild cramping that occurs in a localized area in the front abdomen at an infrequent and irregular rhythm (usually every 10-20 minutes), with each contraction lasting up to 2 minutes. They may be associated with certain triggers and can disappear and reappear; they do not get more frequent, longer, or stronger over the course of the contractions. However, as the end of a pregnancy approaches, Braxton Hicks contractions tend to become more frequent and more intense.

On a physical exam, some uterine muscle tightening may be palpable, but there should be no palpable contraction in the uterine fundus and no cervical changes or cervical dilation. Braxton Hicks contractions do not lead to birth.

More concerning symptoms that may require assessment by a healthcare professional include:

 * Any bleeding or fluid leakage from the vagina
 * Contractions that are strong, frequent (every 5 minutes), and persisting for an hour
 * Changes or significant decreases in fetal movement

Management
Although there is no specific medical treatment for Braxton Hicks contractions, some alleviating factors include:

 * Adequate hydration
 * Drinking warm milk, herbal tea, or having a small meal
 * Urination to empty a full bladder
 * Rhythmic breathing
 * Lying down on the left side
 * A mild change in movement or activity level
 * Relaxing and de-stressing (e.g., a massage, nap, or warm bath)
 * Trying other pain management techniques (e.g., practices from childbirth preparation class)

History
Braxton Hicks contractions are named after John Braxton Hicks, the English physician who first wrote about them in Western medicine. In 1872, he investigated the later stages of pregnancy and noted that many pregnant women felt contractions without being near birth. He examined the prevalence of uterine contractions throughout pregnancy and determined that contractions that do not lead to labor are a normal part of pregnancy.

title: Braxton Hicks contractions


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Nordisk Film

Nordisk Film A/S (lit. 'Nordic Film') is a Danish entertainment company established in 1906 in Copenhagen by filmmaker Ole Olsen. It is the fourth-oldest film studio in the world behind the Gaumont Film Company, Pathé, and Titanus, and the oldest studio to be continuously active. The logo consists of a polar bear standing on the globe.

History
Olsen started his company in the Copenhagen suburb of Valby under the name "Ole Olsen's Film Factory," but soon changed it to the Nordisk Film company.

In 1908, Olsen opened an affiliate branch in New York, the Great Northern Film Company, to handle the distribution of his films to the American market. In 1909, having been excluded from the MPPC cartel in the United States, which Olsen had hoped to join, Nordisk participated in the Paris Film Congress in a failed attempt by major European producers to form a similar monopoly. As Nordisk Film, it became a publicly traded company in 1911.

In 1992, it merged with the Egmont media group, operating as electronic media production and distribution group. The total revenues in 2018 amounted to approximately €559 million. Nordisk Film is the oldest movie production company in operation in the world. Nordisk Film is the largest producer and distributor of electronic entertainment in the Nordic region.

Operations
The company produces and co-produces national and international feature films in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which are distributed to cinemas around the Nordic countries, including Nordisk Film Cinemas in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The films are also distributed internationally for viewing in cinemas, on video and on television.

Furthermore, Nordisk Film produces games through a number of game studios invested in by Nordisk Film Games, distributes PlayStation in the Nordic and Baltic countries and develops global digital gifting solutions through GoGift.

Through the Nordisk Film Foundation, Nordisk Film aims to develop new talent. With an annual budget of approx. DKK 5 million, the Nordisk Film Foundation has also contributed to the development of the Danish film industry over the last 20 years by offering scholarships, project grants and awards.

Nordisk Film Production
Nordisk Film Production is a producer of film and TV content, with a strong focus on the Scandinavian market. They have a hand in roughly 15 productions per year, spanning a range of formats and genres. The overall strategy for Nordisk Film Production is the same as when the company was founded: to entertain a broad audience. Nordisk Film Production produces feature films, animation films, short films, TV series, and TV documentaries for the Scandinavian and international market.

In October 2009, Nordisk sold its TV production unit to the Banijay Group.

Nordisk Film Distribution
Nordisk Film Distribution handles and distributes the rights to its own productions, a number of local films as well as independent productions. Nordisk Film is behind approximately one in every five theatrical films and their Distribution is a major player in the Nordic countries. Their associated company TrustNordisk is one of the largest sales agents in Europe and the leading expert when it comes to Scandinavian feature films and series worldwide.

Nordisk Film Interactive
Nordisk Film Interactive has exclusive distribution rights to Sony PlayStation products in the Nordic countries, and is thereby responsible for a substantial business area in Nordisk Film.

Nordisk Film Cinemas
Nordisk Film Cinemas is the leading cinema chain in Denmark and Norway, screening in Sweden as well. They have approximately ten million cinema guests per year.

Nordisk Games
Nordisk Games is an investor in and owner of several European game studios. Nordisk Games has invested in nine game companies since its foundation in 2016: Avalanche Studios Group, Supermassive Games, Flashbulb Games, MercurySteam, Multiverse, Star Stable Entertainment, Nitro Games, Raw Fury, and Reto-Moto, whereof the two ladder companies have been sold.

In May 2018, it was announced that Nordisk Games had acquired all of Avalanche Studios.

In July 2022, Nordisk Games acquired all of Supermassive Games

In April 2023, the Founder of Nordisk Games, Mikkel Weider, exits as CEO.

Feature films

 * The Crow (2024; distribution in Scandinavia only)
 * Sisu (2022; distribution in Scandinavia only; internationally distributed by Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions)
 * Dog (2022; Danish distribution only; produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and FilmNation Entertainment)
 * The Tunnel (2019)
 * Midsommar (2019; co-production and distribution in Scandinavia)
 * Before the Frost (2019)
 * Checkered Ninja (2018)
 * The Reunion 3 - The Baptism (2016)
 * ''Animals United (2016)
 * Al-Medina (2015)
 * Key House Mirror (2015)
 * A War (2015)
 * April 9th (2015)
 * Testament of Youth (2015)
 * When Animals Dream (2014)
 * The Reunion 2 – The Funeral (2014)
 * The Cartel (2014)
 * Speed Walking (2014)
 * Sorrow and Joy (2013)
 * The Olsen Gang in Deep Trouble (2013)
 * Sex, Drugs and Taxation (co-pro) (2013)
 * Nordvest (2013)
 * Kon-Tiki (2013)
 * A Hijacking (2012)
 * The Reunion (2011)
 * A Funny Man (2011)
 * Ronal the Barbarian (2011)
 * Mugge Og Vejfesten (2019)
 * Olsen Gang gets polished (2010)
 * R (2010)
 * Rejsen til Saturn (2008)
 * Kurt Turns Evil (2008)
 * Jungledyret Hugo 3: Fræk, flabet, og fri (2007)
 * Quest for a Heart (2007)
 * Terkel in Trouble (2004)
 * Help! I'm a Fish (2000)
 * Hard Rain (1998; co-production and distribution in Scandinavia)
 * Jungledyret Hugo 2: Den store filmhelt (1996)
 * Aberne og det hemmelige våben (1995)
 * Jungledyret Hugo (1993)
 * Fuglekrigen i Kanøfleskoven (1990)
 * Præsidenten (1919)

Other films

 * Vengeance Vs. Love, a scene from the film appeared on the cover of the January 6, 1912 edition of Moving Picture News
 * The Inevitable Johnson (1912), a comedy
 * The Waterfalls of Sweden (1912)
 * A Summer Flirtation (1912), a comedy

TV-series

 * The Team (2015)
 * Första Kärleken (1992)
 * BECK (1997–2015)
 * Arne Dahl (co-pro) (2015)
 * Jungledyret Hugo (2002-2003)
 * Fenris (2022)

title: Nordisk Film


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Shizuo Wada

Wada Shizuo (和田 静男) is a male Japanese popular music artist. He made his debut in 1973 as a member of Down Town Boogie-Woogie Band.

title: Shizuo Wada


text:
Category:Serbian scientists

This category holds Serbian scientists. For a list of them, see List of Serbian scientists.

title: Category:Serbian scientists