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Philip Reeve

Philip Reeve (born 28 February 1966) is a British author and illustrator of children's books, primarily known for the 2001 book Mortal Engines and its sequels (the 2001 to 2006 Mortal Engines Quartet). His 2007 novel, Here Lies Arthur, based on the legendary King Arthur, won the Carnegie Medal.

Biography
Born on 28 February 1966 in Brighton, Reeve studied illustration, first at Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT – now Anglia Ruskin University), where he contributed a comic strip to the Student Union magazine, and later at Brighton Polytechnic (now the University of Brighton). Before becoming an illustrator he worked at a bookshop in Brighton for several years. During his student years and for a few years afterwards he wrote for and performed in comedy sketch shows with a variety of collaborators under various group names, among them The Charles Atlas Sisters. He lives on Dartmoor with his wife Sarah and their son Sam.

With Brian Mitchell, Reeve is the author of a 1998 dystopian comic musical, The Ministry of Biscuits. "'Stop! Think before you eat that biscuit! Is it in any way fancy? If so, then you are a criminal! In Post-War London, The Ministry of Biscuits casts its sinister shadow over every tea-time and elevenses in the land. Established to 'control biscuits, and to control the idea of biscuits', it prohibits decadent sweetmeats, such as the Gypsy Cream.'" This was performed at the Pavilion Theatre, Brighton, the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford, and the 1999 Edinburgh Fringe Festival. It underwent a revival in 2005 at the Sallis Benney, Brighton, and began playing at Brighton's Lantern Theatre in November 2017. It has also toured to various other locations throughout the United Kingdom.

Reeve provided cartoons for books, including those in the Horrible Histories and Murderous Maths series. He wrote the Buster Bayliss series of books for young readers, which includes Night of the Living Veg, The Big Freeze, Day of the Hamster, and Custardfinger. He is the author and illustrator of a Dead Famous non-fiction book: Horatio Nelson and His Victory.

Reeve's first book for older readers was Mortal Engines, which won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize in age category 9–11 years and made the Whitbread Book Award shortlist. Mortal Engines is the first book in a series sometimes called the Mortal Engines Quartet (2001–2006), which includes Predator's Gold, Infernal Devices and A Darkling Plain. The books feature two young adventurers, Tom Natsworthy and Hester Shaw, living in a lawless post-apocalyptic world inhabited by moving cities. For the fourth volume, Reeve won the once-in-a-lifetime 2006 Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, judged by a panel of British children's writers.

Reeve spent more than ten years on Mortal Engines, coming up with ideas in 1989 or 1990, leading to publication in 2001. He was working on it part-time between illustration jobs, but as he became sure he could complete such a project, he cut down his illustration work and devoted more time to writing.

The 2007 novel Here Lies Arthur is an alternative version of the Arthurian legend. Reeve and Arthur won the annual Carnegie Medal from the British librarians, recognizing the year's best children's book published in the UK.

The Larklight trilogy (2006–2008) is steampunk set in outer space. The first book Larklight was being developed as a film by the Indian director Shekhar Kapur, but he is no longer involved. Reeve professes that when planning out a novel, "I see it as a film that I run in my head, and I just keep running alternative versions of it until I come up with a cut I like. The future of the film is now in the hands of the Swedish director Tomas Alfredson.

Reeve began a series of Mortal Engines prequels with Fever Crumb (Scholastic UK, 2009). The first was one of eight finalists for the 2010 Carnegie Medal. In March 2020 Reeve said he did not intend to finish or publish a fourth book in the Fever Crumb series, as too much time had passed, thereby forgoing the world of Mortal Engines.

In 2013, Reeve had his first co-authored, highly illustrated book with British-American writer-illustrator Sarah McIntyre published by Oxford University Press: Oliver and the Seawigs. This went on to win the UKLA Award. Their third book, Pugs of the Frozen North, won an Independent Bookshop Week children's book award. The pair have a contract with the same publisher for a series of four more books, beginning with The Legend of Kevin.

In 2018, Reeve praised the 2018 Mortal Engines film adaptation, saying the director, Christian Rivers, had "done a fantastic job – a huge, visually awesome action movie with perfect pace and a genuine emotional core.... There are many changes to the characters, world, and story, but it's still fundamentally the same thing." In the Reevening in March 2020, he acknowledged the film's shortcomings, but thoughts of the filmmakers liking the books led him to welcome the US-New Zealand two-hour film co-production as the best "you could hope for [in your lifetime]". On November 18, 2020, upon asked whether Mortal Engines would be rebooted for the television screens, he responded that, while that would be nice, it seemed unlikely.

Writing methods
Reeve claims not to be a methodical writer. He plans nothing at all, usually starting with an opening image, a closing image, and a few vague notions for the things that happen in between. This leads to thousands of words of rough draft material being abandoned – even entire novels, such as with Fever Crumb and Mortal Engines. However, he takes ideas from these abandoned drafts to build the final version. It usually takes him a year to move a novel from first idea to publication – six months actively writing it, the rest editing and thinking.

Young adult novels

 * Mortal Engines Universe:
 * 1) Mortal Engines Quartet, called Hungry City Chronicles in the United States:
 * 2) Mortal Engines (2001)
 * 3) Predator's Gold (2003)
 * 4) Infernal Devices (2005)
 * 5) A Darkling Plain (2006)
 * 6) *Traction City (World Book Day, 2011), a novella, rewritten in "Traction City Blues" short story
 * 7) *The Traction Codex: An Historian's Guide to the Era of Predator Cities (2012), with Jeremy Levett, guide
 * 8) *Night Flights: A Mortal Engines Collection (2018), illustrated by Ian McQue, prequel, collection of 3 short stories:
 * "Frozen Heart", "Traction City Blues", "Teeth of the Sea"
 * 1) *The Illustrated World of Mortal Engines (2018), with Jeremy Levett, guide
 * 2) Fever Crumb series, prequel:
 * 3) Fever Crumb (2009)
 * 4) A Web of Air (2010)
 * 5) Scrivener's Moon (2011)

(illustrated by David Wyatt)
 * Larklight trilogy:
 * 1) Larklight (2006)
 * 2) Starcross (2007)
 * 3) Mothstorm (2008)

 * Railhead series:
 * 1) Railhead (2015)
 * 2) Black Light Express (2016)
 * 3) Station Zero (2018)

 * Utterly Dark series:
 * Utterly Dark and the Face of the Deep (2021)
 * Utterly Dark and the Heart of the Wild (2022)
 * Utterly Dark and the Tides of Time (2023)

 * Stand-alones:
 * Here Lies Arthur (2007)
 * No Such Thing As Dragons (2009)

Short stories

 * "Doctor Who: The Roots of Evil" (2013), No. 4 from Doctor Who 50th Anniversary E-Shorts series

Children's short stories

 * "The Exeter Riddles" (2013)

Children's books
Buster Bayliss series:
 * 1) Night of the Living Veg (2002)
 * 2) The Big Freeze (2002)
 * 3) Day of the Hamster (2002)
 * 4) Custardfinger! (2003)

Goblins series (page decorations by Dave Semple)
 * 1) Goblins (2012)
 * 2) Goblins vs Dwarves (2013)
 * 3) Goblin Quest (2014)

Reeve & McIntyre Production series, published in the US as A Not-So-Impossible Tale (written together with, and illustrated by Sarah McIntyre):
 * 1) Oliver and the Seawigs (2013), published in the US as Oliver and the Sea Monkeys
 * 2) Cakes in Space (2014)
 * 3) Pugs of the Frozen North (2015)
 * 4) Jinks & O'Hare Funfair Repair (2016), published in the US as Carnival in a Fix
 * Pug-a-Doodle-Do! (2017), activity book

Roly-Poly Flying Pony series with co-author Sarah McIntyre:
 * 1) The Legend of Kevin (2018)
 * 2) Kevin's Great Escape (2019)
 * 3) Kevin and the Biscuit Bandit (2020)
 * 4) Kevin vs the Unicorns (2021)

Adventuremice series with co-author Sarah McIntyre:
 * 1) Adventuremice: Otter Chaos (2023)
 * 2) Adventuremice: Mermouse Mystery (2023)

Stand-alone:
 * The Angry Aztecs And The Incredible Incas: Two Books In One (2001), with Terry Deary, from Horrible Histories Collections series

Non-fiction

 * Horatio Nelson and His Victory (2003), history, from Dead Famous series

As illustrator

 * Awful Art (1997), by Michael Cox
 * Henry Spaloosh! (1997), by Chris d'Lacey
 * Murderous Maths series (from 1997), by Kjartan Poskitt
 * Isaac Newton and His Apple (1999), by Kjartan Poskitt
 * The Incredible Incas (2000), by Terry Deary
 * Pantsacadabra! (2006), by Kjartan Poskitt
 * Urgum the Axeman (2006), by Kjartan Poskitt
 * Borgon the Axeboy series (from 2014), by Kjartan Poskitt
 * Gawain and the Green Knight (2016), Oxford Reading Tree series, by the Pearl Poet, retold by Philip Reeve

Adaptation

 * Mortal Engines (2018), film directed by Christian Rivers, based on the novel Mortal Engines
 * Goblins (TBA), an upcoming Laika film directed by Mark Gustafson, Based on the novel Goblins

title: Philip Reeve


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title: Talk:Sapper Tab


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List of cricketers who were knighted

This is a list of cricketers who were also knighted. The list is divided into two categories: one for those (22 players) who were knighted for their services to cricket, and one for Test cricketers (8 players) who were knighted for other reasons.

A separate list shows Test cricketers who hold or have held other notable titles, including baronetcies and Indian princely titles.

Knighted for services to cricket
This section includes all administrators, coaches, cricketers, umpires and writers who were knighted for their services to the game.

Australia

 * 1) Sir Donald George Bradman AC (1908–2001), knighted in 1949 for services to cricket.

England

 * 1) Sir Francis Eden Lacey (1859–1946), the first person to be knighted (1926) for services to cricket, or indeed any sport; these included his role as the Secretary of the MCC from 1898 to 1926.
 * 2) Sir Frederick Charles Toone (1868–1930), knighted in 1929 for services to cricket.
 * 3) Sir Pelham Francis "Plum" Warner MBE (born in Trinidad; 1873–1963), knighted in 1937 for services to cricket.
 * 4) Sir John Berry "Jack" Hobbs (1882–1963), knighted in 1953 for services to cricket.
 * 5) Sir Henry Dudley Gresham "Shrimp" Leveson-Gower (1873–1954), knighted in 1953 for services to cricket.
 * 6) Sir Leonard "Len" Hutton (1916–1990), knighted in 1956 for services to cricket.
 * 7) Sir John Frederick Neville Cardus CBE (1888–1975), knighted in 1967 for services to music and cricket journalism. Did not play first-class cricket.
 * 8) Sir George Oswald Browning "Gubby" Allen CBE (born in Australia; 1902–1989), knighted for services to cricket in 1986.
 * 9) The Lord Cowdrey of Tonbridge CBE (1932–2000), knighted in 1992 for services to cricket.
 * 10) Sir Alec Victor Bedser CBE (1918–2010), knighted in 1996 for services to cricket.
 * 11) The Lord Botham OBE (born 24 November 1955), knighted in 2007 for services to charity and to cricket.
 * 12) Sir Alastair Nathan Cook CBE (born 25 December 1984), knighted in 2019 for services to cricket.
 * 13) Sir Geoffrey Boycott OBE (born 21 October 1940), knighted in 2019 for services to sport.
 * 14) Sir Andrew John Strauss OBE (born 2 March 1977), knighted in 2019 for services to sport.

New Zealand

 * 1) Sir Richard John Hadlee MBE (born 3 July 1951), knighted in 1990 for services to cricket.

West Indies

 * 1) Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (born in Barbados; 1924–1967), knighted for services to cricket in 1964.
 * 2) Sir Garfield St Aubrun "Garry" Sobers AO OCC (born in Barbados; 28 July 1936), knighted in 1975 for services to cricket.
 * 3) Sir Clyde Leopold Walcott KA GCM OBE (born in Barbados; 1926–2006), created a Knight of St. Andrew of the Order of Barbados in 1993 for services to cricket.
 * 4) Sir Everton de Courcy Weekes KCMG GCM OBE (born in Barbados; 1925–2020), in 1995 for services to cricket.
 * 5) Sir Conrad Cleophas Hunte KA, created a Knight of St. Andrew of the Order of Barbados for services to cricket in 1998.
 * 6) Sir Isaac Vivian Alexander "Viv" Richards KNH OBE, created a Knight of the Order of the National Hero in 1999 by the Antiguan government.
 * 7) Reverend Sir Wesley Winfield Hall (born in Barbados; 12 September 1937), knighted for services to cricket and the community in 2012.
 * 8) Sir Curtly Elconn Lynwall Ambrose, knighted by the Antiguan government on 28 February 2014 for services to cricket.
 * 9) Sir Anderson Montgomery Everton "Andy" Roberts, knighted by the Antiguan government on 28 February 2014 for services to cricket.
 * 10) Sir Richard Benjamin "Richie" Richardson, knighted by the Antiguan government on 28 February 2014 for services to cricket.
 * 11) Sir Charles Christopher Griffith, KA, created a Knight of St. Andrew of the Order of Barbados for services to cricket in 2017.
 * 12) Sir Clive Hubert Lloyd CBE, knighted in the 2020 New Years Honours List for services to cricket.
 * 13) Sir Cuthbert Gordon Greenidge KCMG MBE, created a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in the 2020 New Years Honours List for services to cricket and the development of sport.

Knighted for other reasons
This list only includes Test cricketers; there are many others who played cricket at a variety of other levels, from school cricket to first-class cricket.

England

 * Sir Francis Stanley Jackson GCSI GCIE KStJ (1870–1947), created Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1927, after becoming Governor of Bengal. Made a Knight of Justice of the Venerable Order of Saint John and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1932 after an assassination attempt.
 * Sir Charles Aubrey Smith CBE (1863–1948), knighted in 1944 for services to Anglo-American amity.

India

 * The Maharajkumar of Vizianagram (1905–1965), knighted in 1936 by King Edward VIII. Renounced his knighthood in 1947 after India gained independence.

New Zealand

 * Sir Jack Newman (1902–1996), created Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1977 for services to the transport industry.

Zimbabwe

 * Sir Murray Bisset (1876–1931), knighted in 1928 for services to the Commonwealth after serving as Acting Governor of Southern Rhodesia.
 * Sir William Henry Milton (born in England; 1854–1930), knighted for his service as Administrator of Mashonaland and later as Administrator of Southern Rhodesia.

West Indies

 * The Lord Constantine MBE (born in Trinidad; 1901–1971), knighted in 1962, primarily for his work as a lawyer, politician and diplomat.

Other titles

 * Bill Woodfull was offered a knighthood in 1934 for services to cricket, but turned it down, making Donald Bradman the only Australian cricketer to be knighted. He later received an OBE for services to education.
 * George Harris and Martin Hawke both inherited hereditary peerages, becoming the 4th Baron Harris and the 7th Baron Hawke respectively.
 * Learie Constantine and Colin Cowdrey both received life peerages, becoming Baron Constantine and Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge respectively.
 * David Sheppard, later Bishop of Liverpool, received a life peerage in 1997 for services to the church, becoming Baron Sheppard of Liverpool.
 * Tim O'Brien inherited his father's baronetcy, becoming Sir Tim O'Brien, 3rd Baronet, of Merrion Square and Boris-in-Ossory, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
 * Rachael Heyhoe Flint received a life peerage in 2011, becoming Baroness Heyhoe Flint, of Wolverhampton in the County of West Midlands.
 * Ian Botham received a life peerage in 2020, becoming Baron Botham, of Ravensworth in the County of North Yorkshire.
 * Five other Test cricketers had Indian princely titles:
 * Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji Jadeja, Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar (England; commonly known as "Ranji")
 * Iftikhar Ali Khan, the 8th Nawab of Pataudi (England and India; commonly known as the Nawab of Pataudi Snr)
 * his son, Mansoor Ali Khan, the 9th and last Nawab of Pataudi (India; commonly known as the Nawab of Pataudi Jnr)
 * Sir Vijayananda Gajapathi Raju, the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram (India; commonly known as "Vizzy")
 * Yadavindra Singh, the Yuvraj of Patiala (India; commonly known as the Yuvraj of Patiala, became Maharaja of Patiala in 1938 after his only Test appearance).
 * Notably, in 2005, the entire English team that played in the 2005 Ashes series were awarded MBEs for regaining the Ashes, with captain Michael Vaughan and coach Duncan Fletcher (who also played for Zimbabwe) being awarded OBEs.

title: List of cricketers who were knighted


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Hermione Gingold

Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold (9 December 1897 – 24 May 1987) was an English actress known for her sharp-tongued, eccentric character. Her signature drawling, deep voice was a result of nodules on her vocal cords she developed in the 1920s and early 1930s.

After success as a child actress, she established a stage career spanning comedy, drama, experimental theatre, and radio broadcasting. Finding her milieu in revue, she played from the 1930s to the 1950s, co-starring several times with the English actress Hermione Baddeley. Later she played formidable elders in the film and stage musicals Gigi (1958), Bell, Book and Candle (1958), The Music Man (1962), and A Little Night Music (1977).

From the early 1950s, Gingold lived and made her career mostly in the U.S. Her American stage work ranged from John Murray Anderson's Almanac (1953) to Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad (1963), the latter of which she played in London. She became a well-known guest on television talk shows. She made appearances in revues and toured in plays and musicals until an accident ended her performing career in 1977.

Early years
Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold was born in Carlton Hill, Maida Vale, London, the elder daughter of a prosperous Austrian-born Jewish stockbroker, James Gingold, and his wife, Kate Frances (née Walter). Her paternal grandparents were the Ottoman-born British subject, Moritz "Maurice" Gingold, a London stockbroker, and his Austrian-born wife, Hermine, after whom Hermione was named (Gingold mentions in her autobiography that her mother might have got 'Hermione' from Shakespeare's play The Winter's Tale, which she was reading shortly before her birth). On her father's side, she was descended from Solomon Sulzer, a synagogue cantor and Jewish liturgical composer in Vienna. James felt that religion was something children needed to decide on for themselves, and Gingold grew up with no particular religious beliefs.

Gingold's professional début was in 1908 when she had just turned 11. She played the herald in Herbert Beerbohm Tree's production of Pinkie and the Fairies by W. Graham Robertson, in a cast including Ellen Terry, Frederick Volpe, Marie Löhr and Viola Tree. She was promoted to the leading role of Pinkie for a provincial tour. Tree cast her as Falstaff's page, Robin, in The Merry Wives of Windsor. She attended Rosina Filippi's stage school in London. In 1911, she was cast in the original production of Where the Rainbow Ends which opened to very good reviews on 21 December 1911.

On 10 December 1912, the day after her 15th birthday, Gingold played Cassandra in William Poel's production of Troilus and Cressida at the King's Hall, Covent Garden, with Esmé Percy as Troilus and Edith Evans as Cressida. The following year she appeared in a musical production, The Marriage Market, in a small role in a cast that included Tom Walls, W H Berry, and Gertie Millar. In 1914, she played Jessica in The Merchant of Venice at the Old Vic. In 1918, Gingold married the publisher Michael Joseph, with whom she had two sons, the younger of whom, Stephen, became a pioneer of theatre in the round in Britain.

1920 to 1948
Gingold's adult stage career was slow to take off. She played Liza in If at the Ambassador's in May 1921, and the Old Woman in Ben Travers's farcical comedy The Dippers produced by Sir Charles Hawtrey at the Criterion in August 1922.

In 1926 Gingold was divorced from Joseph. Later in the same year she married the writer and lyricist Eric Maschwitz, whom she divorced in 1945. She underwent a vocal crisis in the late 1920s and early 1930s: she had hitherto described herself as "Shakespearian and soprano" but nodules on her vocal cords brought a drastic drop in pitch, about which she commented, "One morning it was Mozart and the next 'Old Man River'". The critic J. C. Trewin described her voice as "powdered glass in deep syrup". During this period she broadcast frequently for the BBC and established herself at the experimental theatre-club the Gate Theatre Studio in London, first as a serious actress and later in the genre for which she became famous, revue. According to The Times it was in Spread It Abroad (1936) a revue at another theatre, the Saville, with material by Herbert Farjeon that she found her milieu.

In the 10 years from 1938, Gingold concentrated on revues, appearing in nine productions in the West End. The first four were The Gate Revue (transferred from the Gate to the Ambassadors, 1939), Swinging the Gate (1940), Rise Above It (1941) and Sky High (1942). During this period, she and Hermione Baddeley established a stage partnership that The Times called "briskly sustained mock-rivalry". Their names were often linked for this reason, although they only ever appeared in three shows together. In June 1943, she opened in a Sweet and Low, which was revised and refreshed over a run of almost six years, first as Sweeter and Lower and then Sweetest and Lowest. In her sketches, she tended, as Alan Melville recalled, to portray "grotesque and usually unfortunate ladies of dubious age and occasionally, morals; the unhappy female painted by Picasso who found herself lumbered with an extra limb or two … the even less fortunate female who, after years of playing the cello in Palm Court orchestras, ended up bow-legged beyond belief". In a biographical sketch, Ned Sherrin wrote "Gingold became a special attraction for American soldiers and 'Thanks, Yanks' was one of her most appropriate numbers. During the astringent, name-dropping 'Sweet' series, she played 1,676 performances, before 800,000 people, negotiating 17,010 costume changes".

Postwar
Gingold's first new revue after the war was Slings and Arrows at the Comedy in 1948. She was praised, but the material was judged inferior to that of her earlier shows.

Gingold and Baddeley co-starred in a Noël Coward double bill in November 1949, presenting Fumed Oak and Fallen Angels. Reviews were poor, and Coward thought the performances crude and overdone, but the production was a box-office success, running until August the following year. She cited working in interior decoration and collecting china as her hobbies in 1951.

She appeared in cameo roles in British films, of which Sherrin singles out The Pickwick Papers (1952), in which she played the formidable schoolmistress, Miss Tompkins. Gingold became well known to BBC radio audiences in "Mrs Doom's Diary" in the weekly show Home at Eight; this was a parody of the radio soap opera Mrs Dale's Diary in the manner of the Addams Family with Gingold as Drusilla Doom and Alfred Marks as her sepulchral husband.

Between 1951 and 1969 Gingold worked mostly in the US. Her first engagement there was at the Brattle Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts in It's About Time, a revue that incorporated some of her London material. In December 1953, she opened in John Murray Anderson's Almanac which made her an instant Broadway success and for which she won the Donaldson Award in 1954. She also became a regular guest on talk shows. Her jazz cabaret album la gingold, with musical direction by Buster Davis, was released in 1956.

She continued making films, playing a London "sporting lady" in Around the World in 80 Days (1956), and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the 1958 film Gigi. In the film, she sang "I Remember It Well" with Maurice Chevalier. She said "It was my first American film, and I was very nervous." Chevalier put her at ease. "I had to sing, and I hadn't got a great voice, but with him, I felt the greatest prima donna in the world." Gingold followed this with another hit film Bell, Book and Candle, also 1958. She played the haughty Eulalie Mackecknie Shinn in The Music Man (1962), starring Robert Preston and Shirley Jones.

In October 1963, Gingold opened in Arthur Kopit's Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad, playing a monstrously possessive mother driving her son crazy. She played the role in the London production in 1965. Reviewing the latter, and noting that the first night had been greeted with cheering at the end, the critic Philip Hope-Wallace wrote:"It marks, of course, the return of Hermione Gingold, which would be cause enough for cheering. Blatant as ever, deafeningly loud, strutting like a parody of every tragedy queen, male or female, since time began, she was in splendid relishing form, her lips drawn back over fangs and her voice swooping campingly through a whole two octaves of sneer."

Last years
In 1969, she co-starred in Winter of the Witch, a film made for the Learning Corporation of America. It was based on Wende and Harry Devlin's Old Black Witch! picturebook. The film is narrated by Burgess Meredith. Gingold played a gloomy, bad witch who becomes a good witch when a young boy and his mother move into her house. She cooks magic pancakes that make people happy and the three of them turn their living room into a successful pancake parlor. The witch tells the boy that she became good because people are already scared nowadays, and that she will go on being good until everyone is happy and they need her to scare them again.

In 1972, she was among the guests in David Winters' musical television special The Special London Bridge Special, starring Tom Jones, and Jennifer O'Neill.

Gingold was a member of the original 1973 Broadway cast of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music in the role of the elderly Mme. Armfeldt. Clive Barnes wrote "Hermione Gingold is immeasurably grande dame as the almost Proustian hostess (I haven't loved her so much since she sang about the Borgia orgies 30 years ago)." When the production transferred to London in 1975, Gingold reprised the role, and later played it in the film version of the musical (1977).

At the age of 77, Gingold made her operatic début, joining the San Francisco Opera to play the spoken role of the Duchess of Crackenthorp in Donizetti's La fille du régiment in 1975. In 1977, she took over the narrator's role in Side by Side by Sondheim on Broadway. After the New York run, the show toured the U.S. In Kansas City, Gingold suffered an accident that broke her knee and dislocated her arm; these injuries brought her performing career to an end. Still, she appeared in a 1980s Goya commercial for its drink Coca Goya Colada, shaking the two cans like maracas.

Death
Gingold died from heart problems and pneumonia at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on 24 May 1987, aged 89. She is interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Legacy
Gingold's autobiography How to Grow Old Disgracefully was posthumously compiled in 1988. During her lifetime Gingold published three books of memoir and anecdotes:
 * The World Is Square (1946)
 * My Own Unaided Work (1952)
 * Sirens Should Be Seen and Not Heard (1963)

She wrote the play Abracadabra and contributed original material to the many revues in which she performed.

Gingold Theatrical Group in New York is named in her honor. Founded by David Staller in 2006, the company promotes the humanitarian ideals of activist playwright George Bernard Shaw.

Film

 * Dance Pretty Lady (1931)
 * Public Nuisance No. 1 (1936)
 * Someone at the Door (1936) - Lizzie Appleby
 * Merry Comes to Town (1937) - Ida Witherspoon
 * Meet Mr. Penny (1938) - Mrs. Wilson
 * The Butler's Dilemma (1943) - Aunt Sophie
 * The Pickwick Papers (1952) - Miss Tompkins
 * Cosh Boy (1953) - Queenie
 * Our Girl Friday (1953) - Spinster
 * Around the World in 80 Days (1956) - Sporting Lady
 * Gigi (1958) - Madame Alvarez
 * Bell, Book and Candle (1958) - Bianca de Passe
 * The Naked Edge (1961) - Lilly Harris
 * The Music Man (1962) - Eulalie Mackechnie Shinn
 * Gay Purr-ee (1962) - voice of Madame Rubens-Chatte
 * The World of Henry Orient (1964, scenes deleted)
 * I'd Rather Be Rich (1964) - Miss Grimshaw
 * Harvey Middleman, Fireman (1965) - Mrs. Koogleman
 * The Itch (1965) (short subject) - voice of Woman
 * Promise Her Anything (1966) - Mrs. Luce
 * Munster, Go Home! (1966) - Lady Effigie Munster
 * Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon (1967) - Angelica
 * Winter of the Witch (short) (1969) - the Old Witch
 * Tubby the Tuba (1975) - voice of Miss Squeek
 * A Little Night Music (1977) - Madame Armfeldt
 * Garbo Talks (1984) - Elizabeth Rennick

Television

 * The Tonight Show with Jack Paar and later Johnny Carson (frequent guest from 1958 to 1962)
 * The Merv Griffin Show with Merv Griffin (frequent guest)
 * I've Got a Secret panelist (12/8/1959, 30/12/1959, 14/1/1963)
 * What's My Line? Mystery Challenger (19/4/1959, 8/9/1963)
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1960) (Season 5 Episode 35: "The Schartz-Metterklume Method") – "Miss Hope" / Lady Charlotte
 * Beyond the Fringe (1967) (14 episodes)
 * It Takes a Thief (1968) ("Lay of the Land"; S01E15) – Duchess Christina
 * Ironside ("Check Mate and Murder") (1970) – Ernestine Mugford
 * Love, American Style (1971) – Jane (segment "Love and the Heist")
 * Banyon (1971; pilot for series) – Peggy Revere
 * Simple Gifts (1977) – Narrator (segment "The Great Frost"; voice)
 * Amy & the Angel (1982) – Pincus
 * Hotel ("Charades") (1983) – Felicity
 * How to Be a Perfect Person in Just Three Days (1983) – Miss Sandwich

title: Hermione Gingold


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World Triathlon Corporation

The World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) is a sports event promotion company owned by conglomerate Advance Publications, that produces the Ironman Triathlon, Ironman 70.3, the 5150 series of triathlon races, and other sports events.

History
In December, 1989, Dr. James P. Gills and David Voth acquired and purchased the Hawaii Triathlon Corporation, owner of the Ironman Brand, for $3 million from Valerie Silk. Voth was the CEO from 1989 to 1993 followed by David Yates then Lew Friedland in the CEO role. With the Ironman brand, Gills and Voth established the World Triathlon Corporation with the intention of furthering the sport of triathlon and building a multi media and global brand presence. By increasing prize money for both male and female triathletes and developing the Ironman World Series including new associated and licensed IronMan races, IronMan was launched into the mainstream of sports. Ben Fertic, formerly Vice President of Information Systems, joined WTC in 2000 and was involved in the business operations and day-to-day decision making for WTC. Fertic became CEO of WTC in 2004.

During Fertic's tenure as VP, he created Ironman Live, an online presence of Ironman Triathlon, and transformed WTC into an event production company. In 2007, WTC undertook expansion in producing Ironman events internally, with the inaugural Ironman Louisville. This followed the launch of Ironman 70.3 events in Boise, Idaho and Providence, Rhode Island.

In 2008, World Triathlon Corporation was purchased by Providence Equity Securities for $85 million. Providence Equity is a private equity firm, of whom one board member is an Ironman athlete. CEO Ben Fertic remained at the helm of the business. The following year, in early in 2009, WTC announced the acquisition of Ironman events based in the United States, from North America Sports, a company founded by Canadian Graham Fraser. Employees from North America Sports were expected to remain and manage these events, which included Ironman Coeur d'Alene, Lake Placid, Wisconsin, Florida, Arizona, Ironman 70.3 California, and Ironman 70.3 Florida.

On May 31, 2011, WTC announced that Andrew Messick, who was previously the president AEG, would become CEO of the World Triathlon Corporation. Fertic would continue in his role in serving on the Board of Directors as well as serving in a newly created president position. Messick, who is an Ironman triathlon finisher himself, helped build and direct, among other things, the Tour of California cycling event.

Dalian Wanda Group (2015–2020)
In Fall 2015, World Triathlon Corporation and the Ironman brand were acquired by Chinese conglomerate Dalian Wanda Group. Wanda Group reached an agreement to purchase 100% of equity for $650 million and the assumption of debt from former owners Providence Equity Partners. Ironman had been in the hands of Providence for seven successful years after they purchased it in 2008. A source for the Wall Street Journal estimated that the WTC is valued at roughly $900 million and represents a quadrupling of Providence's investment in the WTC.

A Wanda Group press release stated that the World Triathlon Corporation's gross revenue has risen at a compounded average growth rate of 40% for four years straight. Net profit has grown at 40% a year. Wanda Group has announced plans to bring Ironman races to China in the future, citing the events have been hosted in over 20 countries worldwide but none yet in China. This was inspired by the success of other Ironman races in Asia, like those in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan.

Dalian Wanda acquired Competitor Group (operator of the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series) in 2017; it became a subsidiary of the Ironman Group.

Advance (2020–)
On March 26, 2020, Advance Publications announced that it would acquire The Ironman group from the Dalian Wanda Group, with Orkila as a co-investor in the company. As part of the deal, Wanda would operate the events in China under a license agreement. On July 21, 2020, the sale was completed.

Event acquisitions
In addition to the North American Sports acquisition in 2009 WTC has acquired several other event management companies and races.

In February 2012 WTC purchased USM Events, owners of Australian triathlons in Geelong, Mooloolaba, and Noosa, as well as the Sydney World Triathlon Series (WTS) race. USM Events also owned and produced a full Ironman distance race in Cairns, Australia called Challenge Cairns. Challenge, a rival to the Ironman brand, did not wish to have WTC running one of the Challenge family of races. As a result, Challenge terminated its contract with USM and Challenge Cairns subsequently became Ironman Cairns. The purchase of USM Events expands WTC's Asia-Pacific triathlon market. The purchase would have placed WTC into International Triathlon Union racing with the Sydney WTS race, but government officials in New South Wales took the option of not extending an agreement to continue staging the Sydney event due to the ongoing logistical and financial investment required.

In June 2013, WTC purchased YWC Sports, a private company that organizes triathlons and endurance sport events in Denmark. YWC Sports was contracted by the Challenge Family to produce the long-distance triathlon races Challenge Copenhagen and Challenge Aarhus. However, Challenge Family CEO Felix Walchshöfer did not wish to have WTC produce a Challenge licensed event and therefore terminated YWC's agreement stating that the sale to WTC constituted a breach of contract. As a result, the Challenge Copenhagen race, which was scheduled to race in August 2013, would be rebranded as Ironman Copenhagen and 50 qualifying spots would be offered up for the 2013 Ironman World Championships. Challenge Aarhus was replaced by Ironman 70.3 Aarhus and debuted in June 2014.

In January 2016 WTC acquired Lagardère Group's endurance sports division. Lagardère was owners of ITU World Triathlon Series races in Hamburg, Abu Dhabi, Kapstadt, Leeds, and Stockholm. The acquisition also greatly expanded WTC's portfolio beyond triathlon adding several cycling events like Cyclassics Hamburg, Velothon Berlin, Velothon Wales, Velothon Copenhagen, Velothon Stockholm, Velothon Stuttgart as well as several running events like the Hamburg Marathon, Hawkes Bay International Marathon, Marathon de Bordeaux, Queenstown Marathon, Music Runs in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden and South Africa and several multisport events.

 * Cape Epic – annual mountain bike stage race held in the Western Cape, South Africa
 * Optimum Sports Events (2015) – Owners of Challenge Vichy
 * SuperFrog, Inc. (2015) – Multiple events including the Superfrog Triathlon.
 * Firstwave Events, LLC. (2015) – Big Kahuna Triathlon and Santa Cruz Half Marathon
 * Auckland Marathon (2014)
 * Lifesport Properties Inc. (2014) – Owners of the Subaru Western Triathlon Series
 * Tritlon Spain SL (2014) – Owners of Challenge Barcelona
 * Columbia Triathlon Association, Inc. (2014) – An Ironman race licensee and owners of ChesapeakeMan
 * XXtra Mile, LLC (2013) – Owners of the Danskin Triathlon Series, the events were rebranded under the IronGirl banner.
 * Sports Promotion UG (2013), Owners of Challenge Kraichgau and Challenge Rügen
 * Triangle Sports & Promotion GmbH (2010) – Owners of Ironman Austria, Ironman France, Ironman South Africa, Ironman 70.3 Austria, Ironman 70.3 Monaco, Ironman 70.3 South Africa
 * BK Sportpromotions AG (2009) – Owners of Ironman Switzerland and Ironman 70.3 Switzerland
 * Xdream Sports & Events GmbH (2009) – Owners of Ironman Germany and Ironman 70.3 Germany
 * 5430 Sports (2009) – Multiple events including the Boulder Peak Triathlon
 * IronKids (2008) – Race series owned by the Sara Lee Corporation since 1985.

Event and product licensing
WTC holds the rights to use the name "Ironman" for marketing purposes in association with contests consisting of swimming, biking, and running; which is used to license triathlon events around the world. This part is part of the licensing agreement both Marvel and WTC to not use the "Iron Man" and "Ironman" trademarks in ways that would suggest an association with the other or cause brand confusion. The first events to take on Ironman licensing include events in Canada, New Zealand and Australia, all of which formed in the 1980s. Since then, Ironman event licensing has gone global, with the creation of the Ironman 70.3 series in 2005 and the 5150 series beginning in 2011.

The WTC licenses the Ironman and Ironman Triathlon logo and other related marks to various corporations for use in their product lines. An example is the licensing to Timex Group USA of the Ironman Triathlon logo for use in the Timex Ironman watch line that includes the Timex Ironman Datalink series of GPS type watches.

LAVA magazine
In March 2010, World Triathlon Corporation announced the start of a triathlon publication called LAVA magazine. At its conception, the magazine was published by John Duke, former publisher of Triathlete Magazine and then Vice President of Global Sales and Media for WTC. LAVA built its initial subscription base from United States athletes who had entered in an Ironman branded event in 2010. The magazine produces 9 issues per year. The "Lava" name is in reference to the Hawaiian Island that the Ironman Championship is held on each year.

The magazine was started under former World Triathlon Corporation CEO Ben Fertic. Under CEO Andrew Messick, WTC sought to focus solely on the Ironman brand of races and move away from publishing. In May 2012, WTC sold LAVA to a group of investors that included LAVA publisher John Duke, Active.com's CEO Dave Alberga and president Matt Landa, as well as former hedge fund manager Matthew Michelsen. Additionally, as part of the sale, Heather Gordon became the new publisher. The sale also coincided with the end of a two-year ban that prevented LAVA from being sold on the newsstand for two years. That ban was the result of a dispute and settlement between Duke's previous employer Triathlete Magazine, its parent Competitor Group, Inc., and WTC. After the sale LAVA will receive a preferred relationship with WTC as the official publication of Ironman, which will grant the magazine unique access to Ironman consumers.

Ironman Access
On October 27, 2010, World Triathlon Corporation put out a press release announcing the creation of an athlete membership program called Ironman Access. This program was to offer advanced registration to its Ironman events before entries would be open for registration to the general public. Advance race registration for members of Ironman Access would be open one week prior to the event's general entry registration date. Members of this program would also receive a number of other benefits, such as a free subscription to its LAVA magazine and discounts at its shopironman.com website. The cost of membership into the Ironman Access program was US$1,000. However, a day later, in response to comments the WTC received via email and from comments received through Facebook, Ben Fertic, then CEO of WTC, appeared in an online video announcing that Ironman Access program would be rescinded, stating: "If you guys think we're wrong, we're wrong." As explained in the video by Fertic, the purpose of the program was to free up 2,500 to 3,000 entry slots that go unused by individuals who sign up for multiple Ironman events.

title: World Triathlon Corporation


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Allen Bestwick

Allen Bestwick (born September 24, 1961) is an American sportscaster. Known for his work covering NASCAR for NBC and ESPN, he is the lead track announcer at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and lead broadcaster for the Superstar Racing Experience racing series. He is the lead play-by-play voice for University of Connecticut women's basketball telecasts for SNY.

Early life and career
Bestwick was born in Newport, Rhode Island. His broadcasting career began at the age of 15, when he did on-air work for his high school radio station in Coventry, Rhode Island. Bestwick began announcing auto racing at age 16, when he called the action at Seekonk Speedway, where his father raced.

He then was hired by Charlie Roberts, founder of MotorNet in New Jersey, to be the radio network's Director of Affiliates and Associate Producer.

In 1985, Bestwick joined Motor Racing Network (MRN) as a race reporter and eventually became co-lead announcer with Joe Moore and Barney Hall. While still employed at MRN, Bestwick took over for Ken Squier as TBS' lead NASCAR commentator for its abbreviated schedule.

NBC Sports and Turner Sports
Bestwick joined NBC in 1999 as its lap-by-lap commentator for its lone race, the Pennzoil 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. When NBC acquired rights to the second half of the NASCAR season, Bestwick was joined by Benny Parsons and Wally Dallenbach Jr. as the network's full-time broadcast team. Bestwick also continued to work for Turner Sports, as TNT served as NBC's broadcast partner on cable.

In 2005, Bestwick and Bill Weber switched positions on the broadcast. Bestwick took Weber's position as lead pit reporter while Weber, who had substituted for Bestwick for two races in 2004 as he recuperated from a broken leg, moved to the booth. Bestwick substituted for Weber from 2005 to 2006 at Standalone Busch Series races.

Also in 2005, Bestwick made a cameo appearance as himself, being the lead announcer, in the movie Herbie: Fully Loaded. During his tenure at NBC, Bestwick also called Arena football games, as well as other minor duties.

After NBC lost rights to NASCAR following the 2006 season, Bestwick decided to leave the network after seven years. Despite TNT retaining its NASCAR rights in the new contract that was signed, Bestwick opted not to stay with them and instead signed on with ESPN.

ESPN
For 2007, Bestwick joined the NASCAR on ESPN package as lead pit reporter, as well as occasionally being race coverage host and play-by-play announcer on Nationwide Series races, and occasional NASCAR Now hosting duties. In 2008, he was moved up to full-time race coverage host and hosts a weekly Monday roundtable edition of NASCAR Now. As lead pit reporter, from 2008 to 2010, he also hosted NASCAR Countdown.

On July 20, 2011, it was announced that Bestwick would replace Marty Reid for the 17 Sprint Cup races hosted by ESPN alongside Dale Jarrett and Andy Petree. Nicole Briscoe would replace him as host of NASCAR Countdown alongside Rusty Wallace and Brad Daugherty. Bestwick replaced Marty Reid as play-by-play announcer for the Sprint Cup Series races starting at the Brickyard 400, returning him to the position for the first time since 2004. Bestwick also called the Nationwide Series for the remainder of the 2013 season after Reid was fired from ESPN.

With the end of ESPN's NASCAR coverage after the 2014 season, Bestwick became the lead announcer for ESPN's broadcasts of IndyCar races for ABC beginning in 2014, also replacing Reid. Bestwick also began to perform play-by-play duties for non-racing events, including college football.

On Halloween night in 2015, Bestwick called the Miami-Duke college football game, when Miami was down 27–24 with 6 seconds in the game and won the game on a controversial kickoff return touchdown after lateraling the ball eight times. "Taken short... lateral... they practiced that on Wednesday. Time's going to expire on the game, so this either goes or this doesn't. Ball's still alive! It's got to be a backwards lateral! Get behind it... still alive. They've got blockers, they've got blockers! They've got a lane! 40 yard line! No black shirts between the goal line! CAN YOU BELIEVE WHAT YOU JUST SAW?!?!"

On April 28, 2017, Bestwick confirmed that he was being released by ESPN after the 2017 IndyCar double-header Detroit Grand Prix and would call his last Indy 500. However, in February of 2018, ESPN announced that they would be bringing Bestwick back to call the Indy 500 in 2018.

In 2023, the Superstar Racing Experience signed a deal with ESPN to broadcast the 2023 season on their channels with Allen Bestwick returning as play by play commentator for the broadcasts.

CBS
On April 14, 2021, it was announced that Bestwick will be the playbyplay commentator for the Superstar Racing Experience (SRX) racing series for CBS starting in 2021. Bestwick also did PA work for IMS during the Month of May the same year in addition to the NASCAR-IndyCar doubleheader weekend in August.

In the summer and autumn of 2022, Bestwick was a sideline reporter during the inaugural season of the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) Team Series.

title: Allen Bestwick


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Moyra Caldecott

Moyra Caldecott (1 June 1927 – 23 May 2015) was a British author of historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction and non-fiction. Her works include Guardians of the Tall Stones and The Egyptian Sequence.

She was born in Pretoria, South Africa, and moved to London in 1951. She married Oliver Caldecott and raised three children. She had degrees in English and Philosophy and an M.A. in English Literature.

In 2000, she became one of the earliest proponents of commercial e-books when she contracted with Mushroom eBooks to re-publish most of her titles in electronic formats.

She had a reputation as a novelist who wrote as vividly about the adventures and experiences to be encountered in the inner realms of the human consciousness as she did about those in the outer physical world. To Moyra, reality was multidimensional.

In her later years she suffered from progressive aphasia. She died peacefully on 23 May 2015, aged 87.

Early life and education
Moyra was born in Pretoria, South Africa, on 1 June 1927 to Jessica Florence (Harris) and Frederick Stanley Brown. Moyra studied at Natal University, obtaining degrees in English Literature and Philosophy and a Master's in English Literature. In 1950, she moved to Cape Town and became a lecturer at the university there, where she met Oliver Caldecott, an anti-apartheid campaigner. In 1951, they moved to the UK and married in London. Once settled, she took evening classes in geology, religious studies, mythology, archaeology, Egyptian hieroglyphics and pottery. She also took up watercolour painting, pottery, batik making and the creation of stained glass.

Writing
Moyra Caldecott had written since childhood, but first gained attention as a poet. Her work was published in various poetry anthologies throughout the 1950s and '60s. She became Secretary to the acclaimed Dulwich Poetry Group in the 1960s. Plays of hers were performed on radio, but it was not until she started writing novels in her late 40s, that her career took off. She went on to see more than 30 books published.

Her best known work is the Guardians of the Tall Stones Trilogy. Set in Bronze Age Britain, it was inspired by a vivid experience she had in Dyce Stone circle in Scotland, and the world heritage site of Avebury in Wiltshire. For many years this trilogy was required reading for various tour groups visiting the sacred sites of Britain from America, and has been in print continuously since 1977.

Another well-received trilogy, about the rise, fall and rise again of the ancient Egyptian priests of Amun, focused on Akhenaten and Hatshepsut. As a result of these books, she was invited by the pop star Tina Turner to act as a personal guide to the ancient sites of Egypt – an experience that Moyra spoke of with great fondness.

Although fascinated by prehistory and the Celts, Moyra was also knowledgeable about other traditions and devoted the major portion of her life to collecting and examining myths and legends across the world. She followed Jung and Joseph Campbell in believing myths and legends are not "just" stories but actually deep and meaningful expressions of the universal and eternal in the human psyche.

Moyra Caldecott's non-fiction titles include: Crystal Legends, Myths of the Sacred Tree, Women in Celtic Myth, and Mythical Journeys, Legendary Quests.

Family
Her husband, Oliver Z. S. Caldecott, son of South African artists Harry Stratford Caldecott and Florence Josephine Zerffi, was a fierce and outspoken opponent of apartheid. He fled South Africa during a crackdown on the movement and moved to London, where he continued his political campaigning. He became first an editor for Readers Union and later Chief Editor of Fiction at Penguin Books during the 1960s. After the death of Sir Allen Lane, Caldecott left Penguin to start his own publishing house, Wildwood House, in the 1970s. Throughout his publishing career, he also painted and exhibited widely.

In 1987, with Oliver's health failing, the Caldecotts moved to Bath, a city whose Romano-British heritage Moyra wrote about in two of her novels, The Winged Man (1993) and The Waters of Sul (1997). She was also a founder member of the (now dormant) Bladud Society, dedicated to raising awareness of Bath's Celtic heritage, and in her later years she liked to perform her visionary poetry at local open mic events in the city.

She was made an honorary bard of Bath in 2005 and a memoir of her life, Multi-Dimensional Life, was published on her 80th birthday by the Bath-based firm Mushroom Books.

Children
Stratford Caldecott (26 November 1953 – 17 July 2014) was an author, editor, publisher, and blogger. His books include Radiance of Being, Beauty for Truth's Sake, All Things Made New, and Not as the World Gives.

Julian Caldecott (born 2 August 1956) is an author, ecologist and blogger. His books include Hunting and Wildlife Management in Sarawak, Designing Conservation Projects, Water: The Causes, Costs and Future of a Global Crisis, Aid Performance and Climate Change, and (as co-editor) World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation.

Rachel Caldecott (born 1 August 1960) is a novelist, craftswoman, illustrator, human rights activist and blogger. Her books include Lodève – A Fast Guide to its History, The Panopticon Experiment (Book One of the Siklus Series), and the humorous memoir Blown Out of Proportion: Misadventures of a Glassblower in France.

Fiction

 * Child of the Dark Star (a future fantasy novel). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-899142-23-1
 * The Winged Man (the legendary King Bladud, Britain c.500 BC). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-330-2
 * The Waters of Sul (set in Aquae Sulis in Roman Britain c.72 AD). Paperback. ISBN 978-1-84319-547-4
 * The Silver Vortex (sequel to Guardians of the Tall Stones). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-318-3
 * Hatshepsut: Daughter of Amun (the story of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-263-2
 * Akhenaten: Son of the Sun (the story of the pharaoh Akhenaten). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-899142-25-8
 * Tutankhamun and the Daughter of Ra (the story of the wife of Tutankhamun). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-266-7
 * The Ghost of Akhenaten (the sequel to the Egyptian sequence). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-024-9
 * The Green Lady and the King of Shadows. Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-450-7
 * The Lily and the Bull (set in Bronze Age Crete). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-270-5
 * The Tower and the Emerald (a romantic fantasy set in Dark Ages Britain). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-271-3
 * Three Celtic Tales (three tales from the Mabinogion). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-548-1
 * Etheldreda (life of the Anglo Saxon saint of Ely, 7th century AD). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-269-1
 * Weapons of the Wolfhound (teenage novel about Vikings set in the Hebrides and Iceland). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-268-3
 * The Eye of Callanish (the sequel to Weapons of the Wolfhound). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 1-84319-120-2
 * The Tall Stones (the first of the Guardians of the Tall Stones sequence)(1977, Popular Library). ISBN 0-445-04365-2
 * The Temple of the Sun (the second of the Guardians of the Tall Stones sequence)
 * Shadow on the Stones (the third of the Guardians of the Tall Stones sequence)
 * Adventures by Leaf Light (stories for little children). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-551-1

Myths and legends

 * Twins of the Tylwyth Teg (retells a tale from Celtic folklore)
 * Taliesin and Avagddu (retells a tale from the Mabinogion)
 * Bran, Son of Llyr (retells a tale from the Mabinogion)
 * Three Celtic Tales (collected edition of the three stories above) Paperback and eBook ISBN 978-1-84319-548-1
 * The Green Lady and the King of Shadows (Glastonbury legends) Paperback and eBook ISBN 978-1-84319-450-7
 * Crystal Legends (the lore and legend of crystals and crystal healing) Paperback and eBook ISBN 978-1-84319-326-5
 * Women in Celtic Myth (tales of extraordinary women from the ancient Celtic tradition)
 * Myths of the Sacred Tree (tree myths and legends from around the world)
 * Mythical Journeys: Legendary Quests (the spiritual search - traditional stories from world mythology). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-523-8

Poetry

 * The Breathless Pause (a selection of poems). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-552-8

Autobiography

 * Multi-Dimensional Life (a writer's life and inspiration). Paperback and eBook. ISBN 978-1-84319-549-8

title: Moyra Caldecott


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Talk:Amphibolite (1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica)

This is based on the amphibolite entry from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica'', now a public domain work. There are some pros and cons to using a one-hundred year old reference. An important aspect for non-professionals is, technical articles like this at the turn of the century were written to be meaningful without advanced equipment which the average person will not have. The text for the original article was obtained from the Gutenberg Project file for Vol.I. The archaic abbreviation for et cetera - &c - was replaced with the current 'etc', Wikipedia terms were formatted, the leading word was made HTML-bold, and HTML quotes were attached. 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica Amphibolite entry follows''

Above was a preamble to the main article, moved here Lumos3 19:22, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Balboa Stadium

Balboa Stadium is an outdoor stadium in San Diego, California, located adjacent to San Diego High School. The stadium primarily hosts local football and soccer games. Owned by the City of San Diego, it is leased to the San Diego Unified School District.

Constructed in 1914, Balboa Stadium hosted the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1961 to 1966. It also hosted the San Diego State Aztecs football team from 1921 to 1935. The stadium hosted the Harbor Bowl from 1947 until its cancellation in 1949.

Due to seismic safety concerns, the stadium was demolished in the 1970s and a smaller venue with a 3,000-seat capacity was built, opening in 1978. Most of the stadium's distinguishing architectural features were removed.

Earlier uses
The original stadium was built in 1914 as part of the 1915 Panama–California Exposition, also in Balboa Park, with a capacity of 15,000. It was designed by the Quayle Brothers architectural firm and originally called City Stadium. On May 31, 1915, the stadium was dedicated and around 20,000 people came to watch track and field events. Since 1915, it has been the home field of the San Diego High School Cavers athletic teams.

Auto racing took place on a quarter-mile dirt track in Balboa Stadium from about 1937 through July 4, 1961, when the racing stopped so the facility could be used for pro football. Balboa Stadium was one of the hotbeds of midget racing starting in about 1937 until the early 1950s (except for the war years). When interest in midget racing started waning, jalopies became popular. The San Diego Racing Association was formed in 1953 and started sanctioning the racing. By 1958, the San Diego Racing Assn had transformed from a jalopy association to a sleeker modified sportsman (the forerunners of today's super modifieds). Jalopy champions of the SDRA at Balboa included Glen Hoagland (1953), Jim Wood (1954), Jack Krogh (1955), Harris Mills (1956), Don Ray (1957), and Mondo Iavelli (1958). Don Thomas (1957) was the inaugural modified champion with Art Pratt being a three time titlest (1958 - 1959 - 1960). Rip Erikson took the honors in the 1961 season that was split between Balboa Stadium and Cajon Speedway. Also holding events at Balboa Stadium during the 1950s were occasional visits by the URA midgets and the NASCAR Pacific Coast Late Models. During the 1950s it was not unusual for more than 10,000 fans to attend a weekly show at Balboa.

The stadium also hosted local amateur and professional baseball contests in the period prior to the establishment of the Pacific Coast League Padres in 1936. Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Ty Cobb, and Satchel Paige played in Balboa Stadium.

College football's Harbor Bowl was held there from 1947 to 1949. The San Diego East-West Christmas Classic was held there in 1921 and 1922. From 1952 through 1955, the stadium hosted the Poinsettia Bowl, contested between armed services football teams.

The stadium has been the site of famous races in track and field. In 1965, high-schooler Jim Ryun from Kansas beat world-record holder and reigning 1500 m Olympic champion Peter Snell of New Zealand in a mile race in 3:55.3 on June 27, an American high school record that stood for 42 years. A year later, Tim Danielson from San Diego area Chula Vista High School ran 3:59.4 in the same stadium to become only the second high school runner to run a sub-4:00 mile. Only three high school runners have managed to break that barrier since (Marty Liquori in 1967, Alan Webb in 2001, and Lukas Verzbicas in 2011). Fifty years after Ryun first broke the 4 minute mile, the stadium hosted a "Festival of Miles" featuring a return of Ryun.

The first two major meets of the developing age division of Masters athletics were held in Balboa Stadium, July 19–20, 1968, and July 3–6, 1969.

During the mid to late 1950s, a huge musical production, The California Story, was put on in Balboa Stadium as part of the Fiesta del Pacifico celebration. The extravaganza featured a cast of 1,300 people, including a symphony orchestra and a 150-voice choir. Performances were directed by Meredith Willson, who also contributed music and lyrics. The production followed the history of California from the arrival of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1540 through the early 20th century. It was billed as "the biggest non-movie spectacle ever produced anywhere."

San Diego Chargers
To accommodate the American Football League's Chargers, which moved from Los Angeles, the seating capacity was increased from 23,000 to 34,000 by adding an upper deck in May 1961. It was their home for six years, through the 1966 season.

Balboa Stadium witnessed the Chargers' glory years in the American Football League, which featured such players as John Hadl, Lance Alworth, Jack Kemp, Keith Lincoln, and Ernie Ladd, and hosted the 1961, 1963, and 1965 AFL championship games (1W, 2L), as well as the 1961, 1962, and 1963 AFL All-Star games. In their six seasons here, head coach Sid Gillman's club had a home record of .690, winning four Western Division titles and one league crown (1963).

In 1967, the Chargers left Balboa for the new San Diego Stadium (later known by multiple other names) in Mission Valley, where the club's glory slowed and the titles stopped (although they did win several AFC Western Division titles) until they won the AFC championship in 1994; the Chargers returned to Los Angeles in 2017.

Concerts
The stadium was used for popular music concerts and other public gatherings through the 1960s and 1970s. On August 28, 1965, The Beatles performed at the stadium during their second North American tour. The Doors' concert at Balboa with Ike & Tina Turner on October 26, 1969 was canceled by the city council due to Jim Morrison's arrest for indecent exposure earlier that year.

Notable musicians and signers who have performed at the stadium include Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, The Doobie Brothers, Linda Ronstadt, The Eagles, Led Zeppelin, Peter Frampton, Yes, Jethro Tull, Robin Trower, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, Steely Dan, Chicago, Jefferson Airplane, Santana and Fleetwood Mac.

Notable events
On September 19, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson spoke in front of over 50,000 people in Balboa Stadium in support of the creation of the League of Nations. This was the first presidential speech to use an electronic voice amplification system. This system was invented by Edwin S. Pridham and Peter L. Jensen. They called their invention the "Magnavox" ("Great Voice") moving coil device. The two would go on to found the Magnavox company.

On September 21, 1927, Charles Lindbergh visited San Diego, where the Spirit of St. Louis was built by Ryan Aeronautical, and was greeted with a hero's welcome at the stadium. With over 60,000 in attendance (10,000 more than President Wilson) he performed a low-level fly over at 100 feet, dipping his aircraft's wings and circling the stadium 8 times. He landed and was then paraded through the city to the stadium where the crowd had to be held back by 650 U.S. Marines.

On December 7, 1941, a Navy vs. Marines football game was interrupted at halftime by news of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The game was never finished.

The stadium was also the site of the first match of the NASL Final 1968.

On March 24, 1976, the San Diego Jaws played the Pelé led New York Cosmos in front of 18,128 people to a 1–1 draw.

Modern stadium
The original stadium was demolished in the 1970s due to concerns about its stability during an earthquake, and was rebuilt in 1978 with a much smaller seating capacity than when it housed the Chargers. Most of its distinguishing architectural features were removed. The remaining seating is made up of simple concrete bleachers, which also form the walls of the canyon the field is built in.

San Diego's largest and oldest running club, the San Diego Track Club also calls Balboa Stadium its home. It is used by San Diego High School for local high school sporting and other events. During the 1990s and the 2000s, it was also used as the home field (for football only) by St. Augustine High School and San Diego City College.

Balboa Stadium is the site of the annual "Stand Down" program, an outreach to provide services to needy and homeless military veterans, sponsored by the Veterans Village of San Diego.

An article in the San Diego Union-Tribune on November 27, 2006, highlighted the stadium's state of disrepair. Artificial turf installed in 2001 was torn and rippling, and the track surrounding the field had dangerous depressions thought to be able to cause injury to runners. Both the turf and the track have since been completely renovated.

title: Balboa Stadium


text:
Talk:List of Palestinian militant groups

This article should be a common page to discuss and define the various militant palestinian groups and their ideologies.

moved
this article was expanded by me to include disparate information on different militant groups scattered across articles, then all the information was moved to Palestinian_terrorism. The merge consolidates information that was partly duplicated across pages, and often unevenly augmented by wikipedians. The new page probably also gets more traffic; a better home for the comprehensive list we are creating for those interested in Palestinian groups.--81.154.236.221 19:50, 5 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:Berks County, Pennsylvania

Articles and categories related to Berks County, Pennsylvania

title: Category:Berks County, Pennsylvania


text:
Category:Puerto Rican tennis players

This category lists tennis players with Wikipedia articles who have notably represented Puerto Rico. Note that articles are sub-categorized by whether a player has done so in male or female competition, and also by particular notable competitions.

title: Category:Puerto Rican tennis players


text:
User talk:Woohoo5241

Hello, "Woohoo5241" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. P.S.: Please be sure to list the sources of images you upload. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 19:28, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
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 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
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 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

Heavy metal
Hi Woohoo, I have reverted your changes at heavy metal music because they are not really in keeping with our NPOV policy. Let me know if you have any questions about why. Tuf-Kat 14:10, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Nirvana-bio tile.jpg
Who is the copyright owner of the image and what is your source? Thuresson 20:11, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:633152182.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:633152182.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Also, we need an explanation of why you consider the image to be in the public domain. The presence of a web address on the image suggests that the copyright is probably owned by that website. Thanks! Angr (talk • contribs) 19:59, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Marciano.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Marciano.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 08:58, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:RayCombs.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:RayCombs.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 00:59, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Famfeud.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:Famfeud.jpeg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:47, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

O hai thar
I herd u lyk mudkipz, is dis troo? SnoopJeDi (talk) 22:12, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:RD25143.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:RD25143.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 20:18, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Wikimedia Commons
Thank you for uploading images/media to Wikipedia! There is, however, another Wikimedia Foundation project called Wikimedia Commons, a central media repository for all free media. In the future, please consider creating an account and uploading your media there instead. That way, all of the other language Wikipedias can use them too, as well as our many sister projects. This will also allow our visitors to search for, view and use our media in one central location. If you wish to move previous uploads to Commons, see Moving images to the Commons (you may view images you have previously uploaded by going to your user contributions on the left and choosing the 'image' namespace from the drop down box). Please note that non-free content, such as images claimed as fair use, cannot be uploaded to the Wikimedia Commons. Help us spread the word about Commons by informing other users, and please continue uploading!--OsamaK 20:24, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

June 2008
Please do not remove speedy deletion notices from pages you have created yourself. Please use the template on the page instead if you disagree with the deletion. Vianello (talk) 20:58, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages by deliberately introducing incorrect information, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Vianello (talk) 21:02, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Well, ah...
Although the context makes me leery of sarcasm, I'll just err on the side of civility here. You're welcome! - Vianello (talk) 04:59, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Well then. I admit I'm puzzled as to what you'd be thanking me for if not sarcastically, but hey. Not like it hurts anything either way! - Vianello (talk) 05:08, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

You ain't banning anybody.
To paraphrase Kahn in Star Trek II...

You are in a position to ban nothing.

Rock has been all over Raw for the last 2 months, feuding with "Mr. Raw" himself John Cena, and has a whole year's worth of marketing and promotion building his match at Mania.

Rock's as big a part of Raw as anybody.

Vjmlhds 14:56, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

The Rock isn't on the WWE roster on WWE.com (though he is featured on the new Raw opening that has been updated to reflect the draft).

Heck the Rock isn't even on Raw's roster here on Wiki...he's in the Legends section.

Look before you leap.

Vjmlhds 14:09, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

March 2022
 You have been blocked indefinitely from editing for abusing multiple accounts. Note that multiple accounts are allowed, but not for illegitimate reasons, and any contributions made while evading blocks or bans may be reverted or deleted. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page:. Girth Summit  (blether) 12:22, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Woohoo5241


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Rick Benjamin (announcer)

Rick Benjamin (born October 22, 1952, in Danbury, Connecticut) is a motorsports journalist. He was Speed Channel's voice of the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series, and was the voice of Champ Car racing for HDNet from 2004 until the end of the final season of Champ Car in 2007.

Benjamin was a local news reporter from 1976 until 1996, being a television anchorman and managing editor for markets as diverse as Knoxville, Tennessee (where his youngest son's birth was announced on-air); KSAT-TV in San Antonio, Texas; the Nebraska Television Network in Kearney, Nebraska; KWQC in the Quad Cities of Iowa and Illinois; Toledo, Ohio; and Roanoke, Virginia. He was also the news director for Waterbury, CT's WATR.

Benjamin also did work for Mizlou Television Network for their NASCAR coverage, and for SportsChannel in 1990 when they aired Busch Grand National races, using the pseudonym Ron Williams.

When The Nashville Network bought 50% of Ken Squier and Fred Rheinstein's World Sports Enterprises, and shifted production of TNN's popular RaceDay from Patterson International to the network's own in-house operation, located inside the industrial park of Lowe's Motor Speedway, Benjamin was named anchor of the network's RaceDay in 1995, anchoring the show until MTV shut down the entire CBS Charlotte operation in November 2000.

Benjamin is responsible for the "rebranding" of CART into Champ Cars, as during the CART-IRL dispute, Benjamin began using the term "Champ Car," an old term used in USAC during the Marlboro Championship Trail, to refer to the CART formula in 1997, on RaceDay after the rival Indy Racing League switched to a normally aspirated formula. The show used the term, which CART began using in 1998 after Federal Express took over sponsorship of the series from PPG Industries, and the new "Champ Car" term was a reference to the FedEx Championship Series. Since 2004, he has been the lead announcer for the series, which has gone out on Spike TV, CBS, NBC, Speed Channel & in 2007 returning to the networks of ESPN & ABC for the first time since 2001.

Benjamin was one of the first on-air personalities at Speed when it was launched as SpeedVision in 1996. He is a former SpeedNews anchor.

Benjamin is also frequently a backup news anchor at Charlotte radio station WBT, where he has some duties with the Carolina Panthers pre and post game shows, and has used his experience in the news media to form Visioncast, where his group teaches drivers, crewmen, and corporate representatives to face the media.

Benjamin formerly co-hosted Tradin' Paint with Danny "Chocolate" Myers on Sirius Satellite Radio's NASCAR channel 90. He was succeeded by Jim Noble.

Benjamin also appeared in the movie Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, starring Will Ferrell.

title: Rick Benjamin (announcer)


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The Common Man

The Common Man is a cartoon character created by Indian author and cartoonist R. K. Laxman. For over a half of a century, the Common Man has represented the hopes, aspirations, troubles and perhaps even foibles of the average Indian, through a daily comic strip, You Said It in The Times of India. The comic was started in 1951.

When Laxman began to draw cartoons in The Times of India, he attempted to represent different states and cultures in India. In the rush to meet deadlines, he began to draw fewer and fewer background characters, until finally he found only one remaining—the now-familiar Common Man. The Common Man generally acts as a silent witness to all the action in the comic. According to anthropologist Ritu Gairola Khanduri, "Clad in a dhoti and a plaid jacket, the puzzled Common Man is no dupe: his sharp observations miss no detail of the political circus."

Other depictions

 * The Common Man featured in a commemorative postage stamp released by the Indian Postal Service on the 150th anniversary of the Times of India in 1988. It became one of the most recognised feature on The Times of India the largest-circulation English language daily broadsheet newspaper in the world.
 * On 24 October 2015, Google featured the Common Man on a Google Doodle to honour R. K. Laxman on the occasion of his 94th birthday.
 * The Common Man was the mascot for the low budget airline Air Deccan.
 * The character was adapted into the Indian television series Wagle Ki Duniya on DD National and R K Laxman Ki Duniya on SAB TV.
 * Salman Rushdie, who grew up in Bombay on a daily fare of Laxman's pocket cartoons, mentions the Common Man in two of his books—his 1995 novel The Moor's Last Sigh and his 2012 autobiography, Joseph Anton.

Statues

 * An 8.2 feet high bronze statue of "The Common Man" has been erected at the Symbiosis Institute, Pune in front of its Vishwabhavan building. The Common Man has a wisp of white hair that is perpetually standing, leaving him with a bewildered look.
 * A statue of The Common Man, created by the sculptor Suresh Sakpal, was installed in 2007 along the sea face on Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan road, Worli seaface, Mumbai.
 * A statue of The Common Man is erected at the entrance of R. K. Laxman Museum at Balewadi, Pune.

title: The Common Man


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Vegetarian nutrition

Vegetarian nutrition is the set of health-related challenges and advantages of vegetarian diets.

Appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful and nutritionally adequate for all stages of the human life cycle, including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. However, vegetarian diets deficient in vitamin B12 or calories may compromise children's health and development. The UK National Health Service recommends that vegetarian diets should also follow the general recommendations for healthy diets, such as low fat, salt and sugar intakes and 5 fruits or vegetables a day. Qatar's public health ministry states, "One cannot be a healthy vegetarian by going to a fast food restaurant and ordering french fries and soda!".

Vegetarian diets tend to be rich in carbohydrates, omega-6 fatty acids, dietary fibre, carotenoids, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium and magnesium. They are possibly low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein.

Protein

Despite the long-standing, widespread belief that vegetarians must consume grains and beans within a short time to make a complete protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids that must be supplied through diet, this has never been substantiated by research. The protein-combining theory was brought to popular attention after being promoted in Frances Moore Lappé's 1971 bestselling book Diet for a Small Planet. In later editions of the book, starting in 1981, Lappé withdrew her contention that protein combining is necessary.

Plant foods rich in protein include soy beans and soy products such as tofu, veggie burgers, and soy milk; other legumes; nuts and seeds; and cereal grains.

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be extremely serious and lead to megaloblastic anemia, nerve degeneration and irreversible neurological damage.

Vegetarians may get vitamin B12 from eggs and dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.); for some, this is adequate, while others may still remain B12-deficient. More broadly, according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, even the form of vitamin B12 sourced from animal products is protein-bound and not as easily digested as supplements, especially as people age, and therefore B12 supplementation is recommended for everyone over the age of 50. Pregnant and lactating vegetarian mothersand breastfed infants if the vegetarian mother's diet is not supplementedshould also use supplements, whether B12-pills, B12-injections, or B12-fortified foods, if they don't get adequate vitamin B12 from animal products like eggs or dairy.

Generally, humans need 2.4 to 3 micrograms of vitamin B12 each day. There are cases to suggest that vegetarians and vegans who are not taking vitamin B12 supplements or food fortified with B12 do not consume sufficient servings of B12 and have abnormally low blood concentrations of vitamin B12. This is because, unless fortified, plant foods do not contain reliable amounts of active vitamin B12.

It is essential, therefore, that vegetarians consume adequate amounts of dietary supplements or foods that have been fortified with B12, such as vegetable stock, veggie burger mixes, textured vegetable protein, soy milks, vegetable and sunflower margarines, and breakfast cereals. B12 used in these foods or supplements is typically grown from vegan sources (such as bacteria). Soybeans and barley seeds from plants grown in soils amended either with cow dung (which is rich in B12) or with pure B12 had a higher B12 content than those grown without this supplementation.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Vegetarian diets can be low in omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs). Major vegetarian O3FA sources include algae, hempseeds and hempseed oil, walnuts, flaxseeds and flaxseed oil, olive oil, canola oil, avocado, and chia seeds.

A potential problem is that vegetarian diets lacking eggs or generous amounts of edible seaweed generally lack a direct source of long-chain O3FAs such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Vegetarian diets may also have a high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to O3FAs, which inhibits the conversion of short-chain fatty acids such as alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA), which is found in most vegetarian O3FA sources, to EPA and DHA. Short-term supplemental ALA has been shown to increase EPA levels but not DHA levels, suggesting poor conversion of the intermediary EPA to DHA. To remedy this, DHA and EPA supplements derived from microalgae are available.

A 2022 review found that microalgal oil supplementation is consistent in increasing DHA and EPA levels, whilst high dose flaxseed or echium seed oil supplements provide no increase despite significant increases in ALA levels.

Calcium
In general, lacto-ovo-vegetarians have a relatively high intake of calcium that meet or exceed calcium recommendations.

A 2022 review found no significant difference in calcium intake between vegetarians and omnivores. Vegetarians can obtain calcium from dairy products, calcium-fortified plant milks, almonds, figs, oranges, calcium-set tofu as well as low-oxalate vegetables such as bok choy, kale and turnip greens.

Compared with omnivores, vegetarians tend to have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) but not a higher fracture rate.

Iron
Vegetarians are more likely to have lower iron stores compared with non-vegetarians and have a higher risk of iron deficiency anemia. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians that overly rely on dairy consumption may lead to an elevated calcium intake which can affect iron absorption.

The recommended iron intake for vegetarians is 180% that of nonvegetarians due to the bioavailability of non-heme iron. Although a lower percentage of non-heme iron is absorbed by the body, greater total amounts of non-heme iron are concentrated in many non-meat sources of iron, and therefore breakfast cereals, eggs, nuts, seeds, and legumes (including soy foods, peas, beans, chickpeas, and lentils) are significant sources of iron, and a well-planned vegetarian diet should not lead to iron deficiency.

Non-heme iron is more sensitive to both inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption: Vitamin C is an iron absorption enhancer; the main inhibitors for most people are phytates (e.g. legumes and cereal grains), but other inhibitors include tannins (from tea and wine), calcium, and polyphenols.

Iron is an integral part in the chemical structure of many proteins and enzymes, which maintain good health. In humans, iron is an essential component of proteins involved in the transport of oxygen of red blood cells. Iron also helps regulate cell growth and cellular differentiation.

Zinc
A 2013 review found that zinc intake and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in populations that follow vegetarian diets compared with non-vegetarians.

Phytates in many whole grains, and dietary fiber in many plant foods may interfere with zinc absorption, and marginal zinc intake has poorly understood effects. Vegetarians may need more than the US Recommended Daily Allowance of 15 mg of zinc each day to compensate if their diet is high in phytates. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, edible seaweed, fortified breakfast cereals, soy products, nuts, peas, and seeds.

Iodine
One study reported a "potential danger of [iodine] (I) deficiency disorders due to strict forms of vegetarian nutrition, especially when fruits and vegetables grown in soils with low [iodine] levels are ingested." Iodine, however, is usually supplied by iodized salt and other sources in first world countries. Other significant vegetarian sources of iodine include edible seaweed and bread made with dough conditioners.

Health effects
Evidence suggests that vegetarian diets have beneficial effects on blood lipids and that vegetarians have a reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

title: Vegetarian nutrition


text:
Category:Italian tennis players

This category lists tennis players with Wikipedia articles who have notably represented Italy. Note that articles are sub-categorized by whether a player has done so in male or female competition, and also by particular notable competitions.

title: Category:Italian tennis players


text: Category:Olympic tennis players for Italy