text:
Burn the Priest

Burn the Priest is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Burn the Priest. The album was released on April 4, 1999, by Legion Records. It was the band's only release before being re-named to Lamb of God until the release of Legion: XX, and also the only album by the band to feature guitarist Abe Spear.

Epic reissue
On Mar 22, 2005, it was re-released by Epic Records. The album has been remixed by Colin Richardson, remastered by Mark Wilder and features new liner notes by original producer Steve Austin (from noisecore band Today Is the Day). The cover art was changed in order to be store friendly, but retains the original artwork in the booklet. A live video of the song "Bloodletting", taken from the Killadelphia DVD was included on an enhanced portion of the disc in QuickTime format.

The inlay of the CD case reads "Der Teufel Nennt Mich Bruder", German for "The Devil Calls Me Brother".

Burn the Priest

 * Randy Blythe – lead vocals
 * Mark Morton – lead guitar
 * Abe Spear – rhythm guitar
 * John Campbell – bass
 * Chris Adler – drums, production

Additional personnel

 * Michael Brosan – Backing vocals
 * Steve Austin – vocals on "Resurrection #9", production, engineering, mixing, and mastering
 * Remixed by Colin Richardson with Will Bartle (2005 Reissue)
 * Remastered by Mark Wilder (2005 Reissue)

title: Burn the Priest


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Local education authorities in England and Wales

Local education authorities (LEAs) were defined in England and Wales as the local councils responsible for education within their jurisdictions. The term was introduced by the Education Act 1902 which transferred education powers from school boards to existing local councils.

There have been periodic changes to the types of councils defined as local education authorities. Initially, they were the councils of counties and county boroughs. From 1974 the local education authorities were the county councils in non-metropolitan areas and the district councils in metropolitan areas. In Greater London, the ad hoc Inner London Education Authority existed from 1965 to 1990. Outer London borough councils have been LEAs since 1965 and inner London borough councils since 1990. Unitary authorities created since 1995 have all been LEAs.

The functions of LEAs have varied over time as council responsibilities for local education have changed. Since 2010, the term no longer appears in legislation, but is often used to distinguish local authorities with education functions from those without them.

Creation
The term was introduced by the Education Act 1902 (2 Edw. 7. c. 42). The legislation designated each local authority; either county council and county borough council; would set up a committee known as a local education authority (LEA). The councils took over the powers and responsibilities of the school boards and technical instruction committees in their area.

Municipal boroughs with a population of 10,000 and urban districts with a population of 20,000 were to be local education authorities in their areas for elementary education only.

In 1904 the London County Council became a local education authority, with the abolition of the London School Board. The metropolitan boroughs within London were not education authorities, although they were given the power to decide on the site for new schools in their areas, and provided the majority of members on boards of management.

The LEAs' role was further expanded with the introduction of school meals in 1906 and medical inspection in 1907.

Reform
The Education Act 1944 changed the requirements for delegation of functions from county councils to districts and boroughs. The population requirement for excepted districts became 60,000 or 7,000 pupils registered in elementary schools. The Local Government Act 1958 permitted any county district to apply for excepted district status.

In 1965 the London County Council, Middlesex County Council and the councils of the county boroughs of Croydon, East Ham and West Ham were replaced by the Greater London Council. The twenty outer London boroughs became local education authorities, while a new Inner London Education Authority, consisting of the members of the GLC elected for the twelve inner London boroughs covering the former County of London was created.

In 1974 local government outside London was completely reorganised. In the new metropolitan counties of England and Wales, metropolitan boroughs became LEAs. In the non-metropolitan counties the county councils were the education authorities.

In 1986, with the abolition of the Greater London Council, the Inner London Education Authority became directly elected. This however only lasted until 1990, when the twelve inner London boroughs assumed responsibility for education.

In 1989, under the Education Reform Act 1988, the LEAs lost responsibility for higher education, with all polytechnics and colleges of higher education becoming independent corporations.

A further wave of local government reorganisation during the 1990s led to the formation of unitary authorities in parts of England and throughout Wales, which became local education authorities.

Redefinition
The Children Act 2004 defined each local education authority as additionally a children's services authority, with responsibility for both functions held by the director of children's services.

England
The Local Education Authorities and Children’s Services Authorities (Integration of Functions) Order 2010 removed all reference to local education authorities and children's services authorities from existing legislation, replacing them with the term 'local authority'. A local authority for the purposes of the Education Act 1996 and the Children Act 2004 was defined as the county council, metropolitan district council, unitary authority, London borough council and the Common Council of the City of London. Schedule 1 of the order inserted in the Education Act 1996 a list of 'education functions' for the relevant local authorities. Despite the term becoming obsolete, 'local education authority' continues to be used to distinguish local authorities with education functions from those without them.

Wales
In Wales the councils of the counties and county boroughs are responsible for education. Since 5 May 2010, the terms local education authority and children's services authority have been repealed and replaced by the single term 'local authority' in both primary and secondary legislation.

Functions
Local education authorities had some responsibility for all state schools in their area.

 * They are responsible for distribution and monitoring of funding for the schools
 * They are responsible for co-ordination of admissions, including allocation of the number of places available at each school
 * They are the direct employers of all staff in community and VC schools
 * They have a responsibility for the educational achievement of looked-after children, i.e. children in their care
 * They have attendance and advisory rights in relation to the employment of teachers, and in relation to the dismissal of any staff
 * They are the owners of school land and premises in community schools.

Until recently, local education authorities were responsible for the funding of students in higher education (for example undergraduate courses and PGCE) whose permanent address is in their area, regardless of the place of study. Based on an assessment of individual circumstances they offer grants or access to student loans through the Student Loans Company.

Education functions
Statutory education functions for local authorities in England are as follows:
 * Making of byelaws relating to the employment of children.
 * Payment of injury benefit to or in respect of teachers.
 * Powers and duties relating to careers services
 * Duty to provide information to the Secretary of State.
 * General duty to secure that facilities for education are provided without sex discrimination.
 * Power to use a school bus to carry fare-paying passengers.
 * Duty to prepare and revise lists of rooms in school premises which candidates may use.
 * Duty to require the appropriate officer to give an opinion as to whether a child with a statement is disabled.
 * Education supervision orders.
 * Duty to secure that disabled pupils are not placed at a substantial disadvantage.
 * Duty to prepare an accessibility strategy.
 * Duty (as responsible body) to prepare an accessibility plan.
 * Duty relating to the provision of independent advocacy services
 * Duties as an “authorised body” relating to qualifications.
 * Duty to arrange assessments relating to learning difficulties.
 * Duty to implement approved proposals relating to sixth forms.
 * Duty to include certain persons on overview and scrutiny committee if it relates to education functions.
 * Powers and duties relating to education of a child in an accommodation centre.
 * Powers and duties relating to parenting orders and parenting contracts.
 * Duty to make available to the Secretary of State appropriate accommodation for enabling the Secretary of State to arrange for medical inspections in schools.

Relevant local authority
England has several tiers of local government and the relevant local authority varies. Within Greater London the 32 London borough councils and the Common Council of the City of London are the local authorities responsible for education; in the metropolitan counties it is the 36 metropolitan borough councils; and in the non-metropolitan counties it is the 21 county councils or, where there is no county council, the councils of the 62 unitary authorities. The Council of the Isles of Scilly is an education authority. There are 153 local education authorities in England.

List of local authorities responsible for education
There are currently 153 local education authorities in England. Below they are listed alphabetically by region.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Makersmark

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * List of images
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 22:26, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Makersmark


text:
List of Escheators of Munster

This is a list of the Members of Parliament appointed as Escheator of Munster, a notional 'office of profit under the crown' which was used to resign from the Irish House of Commons, and after the Union, that of the United Kingdom.

The escheator was originally responsible for the administration of escheat, a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state.

The office was formerly substantive. It was founded in 1605, when the escheatorship for Ireland was divided among the provinces of Connaught, Leinster, Munster, and Ulster.

Substantive holders

 * 1746: William Austen

Members of the Irish House of Commons

 * 1794: Marcus Beresford (St Canice)
 * 1794: Thomas Taylour, Viscount Headfort (Longford Borough)
 * 1794: Hon. John Knox (Dungannon)
 * 1795: Richard Boyle Townsend (Dingle)
 * 1795: George FitzGerald Hill (Coleraine)
 * 1795: John Richardson (Newtown Limavady)
 * 1795: Arthur O'Connor (Philipstown)
 * 1795: Sackville Hamilton (Clogher)
 * February 1795: Hon. Clotworthy Taylor (Trim)
 * 1795: Hon. Henry Wellesley (Trim)
 * 1796: George Jackson (Coleraine)
 * November 1796: Hon. Francis James Mathew (Callan)
 * c.1797: Sir James Bond, 1st Baronet (Naas)
 * 1798: William Fulk Greville (Granard)
 * 1798: Gorges Lowther (Ratoath)
 * 1798: George Ponsonby (Lismore)
 * 1798: John Lloyd (Inistioge)
 * January 1798: Thomas Pakenham Vandeleur (Granard)
 * 1799: Eyre Power Trench (Newtown Limavady)
 * 1799: Thomas Kavanagh (Kilkenny City)
 * 1799: Hon. Joseph Lysaght (Cashel)
 * 1799: Henry Alcock (Fethard)
 * 1799: William Domville Stanley Monck (Gorey)
 * 1799: Henry Osborne (Carysfort)
 * 1799: Ephraim Carroll (Bannow)
 * 1800: Charles Boyle (Charleville)
 * 1800: Hans Blackwood (Killyleagh)
 * 1800: John Francis Cradock (Midleton)
 * 1800: Theophilus Blakeney (Athenry)
 * 1800: John Bingham (Tuam)
 * 1800: Robert Crowe (Philipstown)
 * 1800: George Fulke Lyttelton (Granard)
 * 1800: Nathaniel Sneyd (Carrick)
 * 1800: Charles Silver Oliver (Kilmallock)
 * 1800: Thomas Conolly (County Londonderry)
 * 1800: Henry Coddington (Dunleer)
 * 1800: Thomas Worth Newenham (Clonmel)
 * 1800: Montague James Mathew (Ballynakill)
 * 1800: Eyre Coote (Maryborough)
 * 1800: Sir John Tydd, 1st Baronet (Fore)
 * 1800: Sir Francis Hopkins, 1st Baronet (Kilbeggan)
 * 1800: Hon. Richard Annesley (Blessington)
 * January 1800: William Moore (St Johnstown)
 * January 1800: Hon. Robert King (Boyle)
 * January 1800: Jonah Barrington (Clogher)
 * February 1800: George Crookshank (Belfast)
 * February 1800: Lorenzo Moore (Ardfert)
 * February 1800: Robert Shaw (Bannow)
 * March 1800: Sir Hercules Langrishe, 1st Baronet (Knocktopher)
 * April 1800: James Kearney (Thomastown)
 * June 1800: Edward Hoare (Banagher)
 * July 1800: Thomas Whaley (Enniscorthy)
 * August 1800: Richard Fortescue Sharkey (Dungannon)

Members of the United Kingdom House of Commons

 * February 1801: Francis Leigh (Wexford Borough)
 * February 1801: St George Daly (Galway Borough)
 * July 1801: Francis Aldborough Prittie (Carlow)
 * December 1802: Henry Parnell (Portarlington)
 * August 1803: William Handcock (Athlone)
 * June 1805: Denis Bowes Daly (Galway Borough)
 * July 1806: Owen Wynne (Sligo Borough)
 * January 1807: John Metge (Dundalk)
 * February 1808: James Fitzgerald (Ennis)
 * February 1808: William Smyth (Westmeath)
 * July 1808: Francis Nathaniel Burton (Clare)
 * April 1809: Quinton Dick (Cashel)
 * March 1811: James Daly (Galway Borough)
 * June 1811: John Claudius Beresford (County Waterford)
 * May 1812: Francis Savage (Down)
 * December 1812: John Metge (Dundalk)
 * December 1812: James Fitzgerald (Ennis)
 * May 1814: Overington Blunden (Kilkenny City)
 * July 1814: John Fish (Wexford Borough)
 * March 1815: Joshua Spencer (Sligo Borough)
 * July 1815: George Abercromby (Clackmannanshire)
 * May 1820: John McClintock (Athlone)
 * June 1820: Sir Ross Mahon, Bt. (Ennis)
 * June 1820: John Metge (Dundalk)
 * December 1830: John Doherty (Newport)

After the Acts of Union 1800, the office was retained as a sinecure, without duties, and was also used for resignation from Parliamentary seats. John Hewson was appointed to the post by letters patent in 1825, 1830, 1837, and 1838. In the latter year, however, all of the Irish escheatorships were abolished by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

title: List of Escheators of Munster


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10-8: Officers on Duty

10-8: Officers on Duty is an American police drama television series created by Louis St. Clair and Jorge Zamacona, that aired on ABC from September 28, 2003 to January 25, 2004. The title is in reference to the ten-code for "officer in service and available for calls."

Premise
Rico Amonte, a rookie deputy sheriff with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, fresh from the police academy is assigned to Senior Deputy John Barnes for his probationary period where he learns the ropes and puts his training into practice.

While he makes his share of rookie mistakes, including being responsible for having a squad car stolen, he also has a keen eye for details exemplified when he is not fooled by a "homeowner" who says he accidentally tripped his home security alarm (the man, who was actually a burglar, had a tattoo of a cross on his arm, but Amonte noticed a mezuzah on the doorpost).

While he passed his initial evaluation, the show was canceled before his final evaluation was completed.

Cast

 * Danny Nucci as Deputy Rico Amonte
 * Ernie Hudson as Senior Deputy John Henry Barnes
 * Mercedes Colon as Sheryl Torres
 * Travis Schuldt as Deputy Chase Williams
 * Scott William Winters as Senior Deputy Matt Jablonski
 * Indigo as Tisha Graves
 * Miguel Sandoval as Captain Otis Briggs

Production
10-8: Officers on Duty was created by Louis St. Clair and Jorge Zamacona, who also served as writers. The series was executive produced by Aaron Spelling and E. Duke Vincent. Several of the series' musical pieces were written and recorded by guitarist Arlen Roth.

title: 10-8: Officers on Duty


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Mario vs. Donkey Kong

Mario vs. Donkey Kong (マリオVSドンキーコング) is a 2004 puzzle-platform game developed by Nintendo Software Technology and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. The game is the spiritual successor to Donkey Kong, which was released in 1994 for the Game Boy.

The gameplay resolves around a combination of platform and puzzle elements. Players control Mario through small sets of challenge to find a key and rescue Mini-Marios from Donkey Kong.

Mario vs. Donkey Kong received positive reviews, particularly for its gameplay and graphics. It spawned a franchise of the same name with the first sequel, Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2: March of the Minis, was released on Nintendo DS in September 2006. A remake for the Nintendo Switch was released in February 2024.

Gameplay
In Mario vs. Donkey Kong, the player assumes the role of Mario, who is pursuing Donkey Kong through a toy factory in order to retrieve several stolen Mini-Mario toys. The game, a puzzle platform game, plays similarly to the Game Boy Donkey Kong game, giving Mario a vast set of different athletic moves, including a handstand, a sideways somersault, and a triple jump, all of which can be used to maneuver platforming stages in various different ways. There are several different environments, ranging from a lava environment to the classic construction site, and there are five different types; in the first, and most common, Mario has to pick up a key and take it to the locked door, and then find and pick up the Mini-Mario toy at the end of the level. The second type is where Mario must guide six Mini-Mario toys to the Toy Box, while protecting them from dangerous environments. The third type is the boss level, where Mario must fight Donkey Kong in order to proceed to the next world. The fourth type is the Plus Level, where Mario must activate one Mini-Mario in the level, which is holding a key, and take it to the door. The Plus levels are overall designed to be more difficult than the main levels. The fifth type of level is the Expert levels. The Expert levels can be accessed after beating the main worlds, and after collecting enough stars in the main and Plus levels. In the Expert levels, Mario must get the key and lead it to the door, much like the main levels, but the Expert levels are the hardest levels in the game. Getting through the door beats the level in Plus and Expert modes, rather than sending Mario to a second part.

Plot
Mario is the owner of Mario's Toy Company, a toy enterprise in which he sells a series of small wind-up toys called "Mini-Marios". After seeing a television advertisement for the Mini-Marios, Donkey Kong immediately falls in love with the toys and sets out to the toy store to get one for himself, only to find that they are sold out. Furious, Donkey Kong breaks into Mario's toy factory across the street and steals all of the Mini-Marios, prompting Mario to chase after Donkey Kong to get his toys back.

Mario travels in pursuit of Donkey Kong, rescuing the Mini-Marios and battling Donkey Kong several times along the way before retrieving all of the toys. Upon realizing that all the stolen toys are now gone, Donkey Kong kidnaps all of Mario's Toad workers and imprisons them on the tower of a big building. Mario climbs to the top of the tower, rescues the Toads, and battles Donkey Kong once more, after which Donkey Kong falls onto a truck containing a shipment of new Mini-Marios. Donkey Kong then promptly steals this set of toys as Mario pursues him once again to reclaim them.

Following another cat-and-mouse chase, Mario gets back all but six of the captured Mini-Marios, which Donkey Kong holds captive and guards with a large robot mech. Mario fights Donkey Kong one last time, destroying Donkey Kong's mech and finally getting back the rest of the toys. Upon noticing Donkey Kong upset, Mario decides to give Donkey Kong a free Mini-Mario toy. After finally getting what he has wanted all along, Donkey Kong, Mario, and the remaining Mini-Marios all rejoice together.

Development
The game is an evolution of Donkey Kong Plus, a title on display at E3 2002. During the show, Plus had a feature that allowed players to design and save their own levels on the GameCube, then copy them to the Game Boy Advance using a link cable. It was essentially an updated version of Donkey Kong '94, but the game had disappeared by the following year. It was replaced with the pre-rendered graphics and gameplay additions of Mario vs. Donkey Kong. The Create-a-Level feature was removed from this version but appears in its sequel. The level editor still exists within the game's programming and can be enabled through a modification.

The game has hidden e-Reader support. Nintendo held a competition in Japan in which cards were distributed to 1,000 winning participants. Five level cards were released by CoroCoro Comic, and another card was given away at the 20th World Hobby Fair. The game can save up to 12 extra levels.

Limited re-release
Mario vs. Donkey Kong, as well as nine other Game Boy Advance games, was available to Nintendo 3DS owners who purchased their systems before the August 11, 2011, price cut via Virtual Console as part of the ambassador program. This offer was available in all territories, and only to those who became eligible in the Ambassador program (by accessing the Nintendo eShop before the date of the price-cut). Although the game was released on December 16 the same year, to Ambassador users, Nintendo never released it to the general public in paid form on Nintendo 3DS unlike the Wii U version, which was later released in 2017.

Remake
A remake of Mario vs. Donkey Kong was released on the Nintendo Switch on February 16, 2024. It features enhanced graphics and local co-op multiplayer with Toad as the second player character. Players can select between two "Play Styles", Casual and Classic. Casual removes the time limit, adds checkpoints to levels, and lets Mario take five hits before losing a life, while Classic is akin to the original game. Two new worlds have been added: Merry Mini-Land, taking place in an amusement park, and Slippery Summit, an icy mountain. These worlds also receive Plus counterparts, making for 30 new levels, and pushing the total beyond 130. After finishing the game, "Time Attack" becomes available, challenging players to beat each level as fast as they can.

Reception
Mario vs. Donkey Kong received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. GameSpot named it the best Game Boy Advance game of May 2004. It received a runner-up position in GameSpot's 2004 "Best Puzzle/Rhythm Game" award category across all platforms, losing to Katamari Damacy. In March 2007, IGN listed it as #25 in their list of the top 25 Game boy Advance games of all time, calling it "a great game that fits the Game Boy Advance's pick-up-and-play environment since players could whip out the system, solve a puzzle, and put it away for later". The game sold 1.37 million copies worldwide.

Remake
The remake for Nintendo Switch also received "generally favorable" reviews, though lower than the original.

Video Games Chronicle felt that the majority of the game is "far too easy", with the only truly satisfying challenge to be found in the Expert levels, of which the critic said there could have been more in the game. Conversely, Destructoid said that the game was surprisingly "demanding" for a 2D Mario platformer, particularly the levels in which Mario must guide Mini-Mario toys to a Toy Box.

Game Informer and GameSpot both praised the controls. The former said that "it's a blast to move from one side of the stage to another" and the latter called the movement "natural" and "intuitive". While they said that it doesn't feel as good to play as other 2D Mario platformers, they acknowledged the need to make a moveset that can facilitate complex puzzles, and concluded that "it's a very well-made middle-ground".

Digital Trends lamented the exclusion of the original's e-Reader levels, the majority of which were never made officially playable. The "Time Attack" feature was also criticized, which functionally replaces the high score system from the 2004 release; the reviewer considered it "an attempt to squeeze more replay value" out of a short game with a high price tag. Eurogamer, on the other hand, praised the amount of content, calling it a "lovely package" that "unroll[s] before you".

The remake performed well commercially, topping the UK physical video game charts. As of March 2024, the game has sold 1.12 million copies, with 210,000 sold in Japan and 910,000 internationally.

title: Mario vs. Donkey Kong


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Cleavant Derricks (songwriter)

Reverend Cleavant Derricks (May 13, 1910 in Chattanooga, Tennessee – April 14, 1977) was a pastor and choir director at a number of black Baptist churches.

He studied at Cadek Conservatory of Music in Chattanooga, A & I State University and American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville. At age 21, he directed a gospel choir of more than 100 voices in Washington, D.C. at the Vermont Avenue Baptist Church. Cleavant Derricks counted among his friends many well-known artists, one of which was Mahalia Jackson. He pastored churches throughout Tennessee at Dayton, Knoxville and Jackson; also in Beloit, Wisconsin and Washington, D.C. Mr. Derricks has many outstanding credits: pastor, church builder, choir director, poet, musician, and composer of note, having written more than 300 songs and several song books. Among his more famous songs are the much-recorded and performed "Just a Little Talk with Jesus ," "When God Dipped His Love In My Heart," "We'll Soon Be Done With Troubles and Trials," and "When He Blessed My Soul." He was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1984. He is the father of twin actor sons Cleavant Derricks and Clinton Derricks-Carroll.

title: Cleavant Derricks (songwriter)


text:
Ohio State Route 8

State Route 8 (SR 8) is a road in the U.S. state of Ohio. SR 8 stretches from the eastern junction of Interstate 76 (I-76) and I-77 in Akron to Public Square in Cleveland. It is one of nine routes to enter downtown Cleveland at Public Square. The route's first few miles are as a limited-access freeway from I-76 and I-77, heading north. The freeway section of the highway has 16 interchanges, and is cosigned with SR 59 for a short distance from Perkins Street in Akron to Front Street in Cuyahoga Falls. The freeway portion ends at I-271 in Macedonia.

Route description
SR 8 begins at an interchange with I-76 and I-77 southeast of downtown Akron. The Akron Expressway, as the freeway is known within the city limits, heads up the east side of Akron. SR 8's first interchange is the main access to the central business district and the University of Akron. Just before leaving central Akron, an interchange with Perkins Street begins a concurrency with SR 59. The road continues over the North Expressway Viaduct, which crosses over several railroads and the Little Cuyahoga River, before continuing to the north side of Akron. Between exits 3B and 4, SR 8/59 cross into Cuyahoga Falls. Those two exits connect with the same stretch of road but have different names and are on different sides of the city limit.

The freeway continues north through Cuyahoga Falls, parallel to the Cuyahoga River; the freeway crosses the river just before exit 6. SR 59 leaves the freeway at exit 6 to head east toward Kent. SR 8, which until now has been heading slightly northeast, turns north and northwest after exit 6, interchanging with Graham Road in the process. The road continues through a relatively rural area on the eastern edge of Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Exits 10, 12, 14A-B and 15 are normally only used as a connection to Hudson or Blossom Music Center and other points in the national park, as their immediate areas are sparsely populated and underdeveloped. Once it passes the Ohio Turnpike, SR 8 continues through a wooded area. The route's last exit is with I-271, after which it enters Cleveland's southeastern suburbs.

Now known as Northfield Road, SR 8 continues parallel to I-271, intersecting SR 82, SR 14, and SR 17. Following its intersection with SR 17, SR 8 enters a brief concurrency with SR 43, during which it intersects I-480. SR 43 splits off, and SR 8 continues northward before joining US 422 and turning to the west. The new road is briefly known as Chagrin Boulevard before becoming Kinsman Road. SR 8/US 422 continues to the northwest through the immediate Cleveland area; during its approach to downtown Cleveland, SR 87 joins the concurrency, followed by an interchange with I-77. For its final mile, SR 8/SR 87/US 422 picks up a concurrency of SR 14/SR 43, after which the road becomes known as Ontario Street and turns toward Public Square, the northern terminus of SR 8. SR 8's northern terminus is shared with six other roads: SR 3, SR 14, SR 43, SR 87, US 42, and US 422.

History
SR 8 was one of the original state highways in Ohio. It went from Marietta all the way to Cleveland. Over time, though, parts of the route were renumbered or reassigned, especially south of Akron. In 1926 the portion from Marietta to Newcomerstown became U.S. Route 21. The same year the section from Newcomerstown to Uhrichsville became State Route 16 and SR 8 was rerouted from the Ohio River town of Fly to Uhrichsville. In 1969, the section from Fly to Canton was renumbered to State Route 800, the portion from Canton to Akron was deleted, and the southern end of the highway was truncated at Akron, at U.S. Route 224. On August 6, 1954, the portion of the North Expressway in Akron opened from Perkins Street to Cuyahoga Falls Avenue. By 1962, it had been extended south to the Central Interchange and numbered Route 8B; it became mainline SR 8 in 1969 north of Market Street, and in its entirety by 1971. A section of freeway between Front Street (SR 59) and Graham Road in Cuyahoga Falls and Stow opened by 1972, with the connecting section opening in 1974. The freeway carried only the SR 59 designation between Tallmadge Avenue in Akron and Front Street in Cuyahoga Falls and had no posted number north of there until 1983, when the SR 8 designation was transferred to the freeway. The final section of freeway opened on May 20, 1988, reaching State Route 303.

SR 8 from Interstate 77 to Perkins Street was rebuilt from 2003 to 2005. The freeway in that stretch previously had onramps and offramps built closely together, creating the danger of weaving traffic. Several ramps were removed and service roads were built on both sides of the freeway.

Route 8 from SR 303 north to Interstate 271 was converted to a full freeway without at-grade intersections between 2008 and 2011. The ramp between State Route 8 northbound and I-271 northbound opened July 24, 2009, and the opposite ramp opened on September 4. The new Turnpike interchange opened in December 2010, well ahead of the projected date of fall 2011.

An interchange was opened at Seasons Road in 2010 to serve the area near the borders of Cuyahoga Falls, Stow, and Hudson. Although the interchange was completed on January 25, 2010, it was not initially scheduled to open until one month later, on February 26, when an official ribbon-cutting could take place. Two weeks before the scheduled opening, an editorial in the Akron Beacon Journal lambasted the ribbon-cutting, calling the ceremony a mere "photo op", and questioning why a finished project should sit unused for 31 days. On February 21, the government of Stow, which had been responsible for holding the ceremony, announced the interchange would open in the morning of the next day without a ribbon-cutting.

In 2015 SR 8 was rerouted slightly in Shaker Heights due to a six-leg intersection being converted to a four-leg one.

Long-term plans for the road include a complete replacement of the North Expressway Viaduct between the Perkins Street and Glenwood Avenue exits, which is currently forecast to begin in 2023.

Interstate proposal
In January 2014, the Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Study (AMATS) metropolitan planning organization proposed to designate the section between the central interchange in Akron (at I-76/77) to Macedonia (at I-271) as Interstate 380. ODOT declined the proposal for financial reasons. The letter was resubmitted in April 2014 with support from additional local officials, including Akron mayor Don Plusquellic, but no further discussion has taken place on the proposal.

title: Ohio State Route 8


text:
Pat O'Brien's Bar

Pat O'Brien's Bar is a bar located in New Orleans, Louisiana that began operation as a legal liquor establishment on December 3, 1933, at the intersection of Royal and St. Peter streets in the French Quarter. Before that, during Prohibition the bar was known as Mr. O'Brien's Club Tipperary; the password "storm's brewin'" was required to gain entrance to the establishment. In December 1942 it moved to its present location at 718 St. Peter Street, into a historic building dating from 1791. Pat O'Brien's is home to the original flaming fountain (located in the courtyard) and the hurricane cocktail. There is also a piano bar, featuring twin "dueling" pianos where local entertainers take song requests. The dueling piano bar is thought to be the first of its kind.

O'Brien is reported to have invented the hurricane cocktail in the 1940s. The story of the drink's origin holds that, due to difficulties importing scotch during World War II, liquor salesmen forced bar owners to buy up to 50 cases of their much-more-plentiful rum in order to secure a single case of good whiskey or scotch. The barmen at Pat O'Brien's came up with an appealing recipe to reduce their bulging surplus of rum. When they decided to serve it in a hurricane glass, shaped like a hurricane lamp, the hurricane was born.

Other locations of Pat O'Brien's Bar:

 * Orlando, Florida at Universal Orlando's CityWalk
 * San Antonio, Texas

TV and film appearances

 * Trailer Park Boys Out of the Park USA S1E4 "New Orleans" they only stand outside the bar though, not actually going inside.
 * The bar was featured in a New Orleans edition of the TruTV series Impractical Jokers.
 * The bar's front sign was briefly visible in a New Orleans reference in season 5, episode 13 of Family Guy, "Bill and Peter's Bogus Journey."
 * NCIS: New Orleans, season 3, episode 5--Pride and Gregorio interview the daughter of a victim who waits tables at the bar.

title: Pat O'Brien's Bar


text:
Talk:Cleavant Derricks

Relationship
I believe these two men to be father and son, but cannot find any confirmation.KorbenDirewolf 22:37, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Cleavant Derricks (songwriter) states:
 * 'Reverend Cleavant Derricks ... was a pastor and choir director at a number of black Baptist churches. He is best known as a songwriter.
 * and the page off of the website of Cleavant Derricks (actor) states:
 * Along with his father - a Baptist Minister and gospel composer - Cleavant wrote a gospel album
 * In addition to the father of Cleavant Derricks (actor) having the same occupation as Cleavant Derricks (songwriter), they are both from Tennessee and are born 43 years apart, and have the same first and last name. I agree that they are probably father and son, though nothing explicitly states that they are. I guess it is not impossible for this to be a coincedence. Q0 12:42, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cleavant Derricks


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Talk:Province of New Hampshire

Map of territorial claims
The following off-site maps show the various claims of the original Thirteen Colonies:, , , and. If this information could be included in a map of this province's claims, it would be great. (This request was originally made by jengod, and I moved it here.) – Quadell (talk) (bounties) 16:05, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Province or Colony? what is the "subject" of this article?
The subject of the lead sentence does not match the title of this article. Which should it be? Weren't such territories of British NA called "colonies" rather than "provinces"? Hult041956 20:02, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * They both refer to the same thing, the difference being whether to use the formal or informal name, most of the colonies took on a formal Province of X name at the point that they became Crown Colonies, in New Hampshire's case in 1691 as described in the article. Kmusser 21:06, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks Kmusser. I stumbled on the article at random and was a little confused. Best regards, Hult041956 (talk) 17:07, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Massachusetts Colony or Massachusetts Bay Colony?
It would be best if titles were consistant. I assume the later is more official. Also, what towns are meant in the phrase "These towns agreed to unite in 1639 and in 1641 agreed to join the Massachusetts Colony."? Don't you mean the entire Colony? 76.218.100.214 (talk) 21:32, 6 June 2011 (UTC)
 * There was no formal colony in 1641, it was just a collection of settlements.  Magic ♪piano 14:21, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Never a province
The word "province" was never part of the official name of any of the thirteen British colonies that later formed the United States, yet nine of the titles of the thirteen articles on those colonies include "province". All nine articles should be moved and retitled. WCCasey (talk) 19:44, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I had no trouble (2 minutes Google Book search) finding reasonably scholarly sources that use the word "province" to describe the pre-statehood period of New Hampshire history. (For one prominent example, early NH historian Jeremy Belknap used it.)  It's fine to make a blanket statement like the above, but: what should the article name be changed to, and what sources support the proposed renaming?  Magic ♪piano 16:57, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

 * An early usage: 1680 commission of John Cutt: "The Com'ission constituting a President & Councell for ye Province of New Hampshire in New-England" (link)  Magic ♪piano 17:13, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

 *  Magic ♪piano, I happened to notice that the majority of this nonsense is being talked about here: Talk:Thirteen Colonies. Just thought I would let you know! Steve Lux, Jr. (talk) 21:12, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Established Religion
User:Magicpiano I am not sure if the source linked in the "Demographics" section specifically states that the church was not established, but rather that the church was not as strongly established as in, say, Massachusetts or Connecticut. The First Amendment Encyclopedia https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/801/established-churches-in-early-america for example, considers it to have had an established Congregational Church. Even if the establishment is unclear, I think that it would be reasonable to put "Congregationalist" under the colony's religion due to the predomination of that sect in the colony prior to 1776. Sorry if I did not tag you correctly I am still new to Wikipedia editing Michistory88 (talk) 01:36, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

 * It isn't really meaningful to say anything about established religion prior to the 1680 commission of John Cutt. The 1641 compact by the Piscataqua communities (Dover) mentions majority rule by freemen. Per Belknap, the early agreements for joining with Massachusetts government specifically included exceptions for the requirement of church membership for participation in civic affairs.  The Cutt commission makes no mention of specific churches, other than requiring "tolerance of protestants".  Purvis, cited in the Demographics section, says that the NH "establishment" was limited to authorizing ministerial tithes (i.e. taxation of the general population to support a specific sectarian minister).
 * What I've been able to read about the 1691 commission of Samuel Allen (have not found a reprint of it) suggests that it preferred the Church of England, but required toleration of other sects.  Magic ♪piano 11:48, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Province of New Hampshire


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Joey Harrington

John Joseph Harrington Jr. (born October 21, 1978) is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. He played college football for the Oregon Ducks, where he earned Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year as a senior, and was selected third overall by the Detroit Lions in the 2002 NFL Draft. Unable to duplicate his collegiate success, he left the Lions after four seasons. He spent his final three seasons as the primary starter for the Miami Dolphins and Atlanta Falcons and a backup with the New Orleans Saints.

Early life
Harrington was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. He graduated from Central Catholic High School in Portland, and finished his high school career with more than 4,200 yards and 50 touchdowns rushing and passing.

Harrington's grandfather and father played quarterback for the Universities of Portland and Oregon, respectively, and upon hearing of Joey's birth, legendary Oregon Ducks' coach Len Casanova jokingly sent his parents a letter-of-intent.

College career
Harrington is a graduate of the University of Oregon, and was a three-year starter on the Oregon Ducks football team. In his senior season at Oregon, he threw for 2,415 yards and 23 touchdowns, and he finished his college career with a 25–3 record (including bowl wins against #12 Texas and #3 Colorado), 512 completions in 928 attempts (55.2%), 6,911 passing yards, 59 touchdowns, 23 interceptions, and 210 rushing yards and 18 scores on 145 carries. A business administration major with a 3.23 GPA (twice earning honors with a 3.34 GPA), Harrington's 7,121 yards of total offense rank sixth in University of Oregon history.

Harrington finished fourth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy in 2001, following a campaign for the award that included a billboard in Times Square promoting him as "Joey Heisman." He earned numerous honors, including first-team All-American, Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year, and second-team honors from The Sporting News. He was one of five finalists for the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award in 2001. EA Sports selected him for the cover of the 2003 edition of their NCAA Football video game series. Harrington was given the nickname "Captain Comeback" among fans for his ability to lead Oregon to victory in late game situations, accumulating a record of 11–2 in games in which the Ducks trailed or were tied in the fourth quarter.

Harrington's best collegiate game was arguably the 2002 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona when he threw for 350 yards and four touchdowns and helped lead the Ducks to a 38–16 victory over Colorado. Harrington was named offensive player of the game.

Harrington's worst game was arguably the 2000 Civil War game in which he passed 24–36 for 333 yards, but threw five interceptions. Three of those interceptions were by Oregon State defensive back Jake Cookus. #8 Oregon State ultimately won 23–13 over then-#6 Oregon.

Detroit Lions
Harrington was selected by the Detroit Lions with the third pick overall in the 2002 NFL Draft. Harrington took over for incumbent Mike McMahon late in the Lions' Week 1 loss against the Miami Dolphins and became the Lions' starting quarterback shortly thereafter, finishing that year with a 50.1 completion percentage, a ratio of 12 touchdowns to 16 interceptions, and a 59.9 quarterback rating; the Lions finished the season with a 3–13 record. He was named the 2002 recipient of the Detroit Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association Rookie of the Year Award.

Harrington's career in Detroit was largely unsuccessful. Front office mismanagement, woeful offensive line protection, lack of talent at other skill positions, and an erratic philosophical change in the team's identity to a conservative West Coast offense-oriented attack under head coach Steve Mariucci may have played a factor in Harrington not realizing his potential professionally, as well as his own play and lack of talent. During the 2003 season, Harrington joked that being "the quarterback of the Lions and the goalie of the Red Wings" were the hardest jobs in Detroit.

Harrington's best season as a Lion came in 2004, when he threw for 19 touchdowns and 12 interceptions. The Lions started the season with a 4–2 record, but Harrington led the team to only two more wins the rest of the season. The Lions finished 6–10 and missed the playoffs for the fifth season in a row.

On October 23, 2005, Mariucci chose to bench Harrington in favor of veteran Jeff Garcia for the team's game against the Cleveland Browns to try to provide a spark to the team's 2–3 start. The Lions won 13–10, and Garcia rushed for Detroit's only touchdown. After yet another dismal offensive performance, Mariucci declared that Garcia would remain the starter. That marked the first time since the 2002 season that Harrington did not appear in a Lions' game, breaking a string of 37 consecutive appearances. Harrington regained the starting role the week after Garcia threw a game-ending interception returned for a touchdown in overtime against Chicago. Harrington started again for Detroit on November 13, 2005, against the Arizona Cardinals, throwing for three touchdowns without an interception in the Lions' 29–21 win. Harrington was voted by Lions fans as their Offensive Player of the Year, according to the Lions' official website.

Despite his difficult times in Detroit, he remained unwaveringly optimistic. In response, sarcastic Lions' fans and beat writers, who were critical of his predictable and upbeat post-game commentary as the losses continued to mount, dubbed him "Joey Blue Skies" and "Joey Sunshine".

Miami Dolphins
After the 2005 season, Detroit signed free agents Jon Kitna and Josh McCown, and traded Harrington to the Miami Dolphins on May 12, 2006, for a fifth-round draft pick in 2007, after meeting performance stipulations in Miami (the pick was later traded to the New Orleans Saints). Harrington started the 2006 season as a backup behind new Dolphins quarterback Daunte Culpepper. During his tenure with the Lions, Harrington started 55 games and had a record of 18 wins and 37 losses.

In 2006, Harrington did not play in the Dolphins' first four games, backing up Culpepper. Culpepper injured his shoulder prior to Miami's fifth game against the New England Patriots, forcing Harrington into the starting role. Harrington lost his first three starts, before leading Miami to a 31–13 win over the previously unbeaten (7–0 at the time) Chicago Bears. Harrington followed that game with four consecutive victories. Harrington capped off this winning streak in front of a national television audience on Thanksgiving Day in Detroit with a 27–10 victory at Ford Field against his former team. Harrington passed for 3 touchdowns and 213 yards against Detroit, compiling a passer rating of 107.4, his highest single game rating for 2006. Harrington struggled after the Lions' game. Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 15, Harrington went 5-for-17 for 20 yards, throwing two interceptions. His passer rating for the game was 0.0, the minimum possible under the complex NFL formula. Harrington was pulled midway through Miami's next game against the New York Jets, replaced in the 13–10 Christmas night loss by Cleo Lemon. Harrington did not appear in Miami's Week 17 finale against the Indianapolis Colts. Overall, Harrington played in and started eleven games, leading Miami to a 5–6 record (Miami finished 6–10 for the season as a whole).

Atlanta Falcons
On April 9, 2007, Harrington agreed to a two-year, $6 million contract with the Atlanta Falcons to compete with D. J. Shockley and Chris Redman to be the backup quarterback to Michael Vick.

Harrington was elevated to starting quarterback after the suspension of Vick for the 2007 NFL season. Harrington performed well in the preseason, but after going 0–2, Atlanta signed quarterback Byron Leftwich as a possible replacement for Harrington. During the Week 3 Atlanta home opener against the division rival Carolina Panthers, Harrington completed 31-of-44 passes with two touchdowns and no interceptions for a 110.1 passer rating in a 27–20 loss. In Week 4, Harrington improved on his numbers with a 121.7 passer rating, completing 23-of-29 passes for two touchdowns with no interceptions, leading the Falcons to their first win of the 2007 season.

On March 5, 2008, the Falcons released Harrington in a salary cap move. He was re-signed by the team seven days later but was again released in August after the Falcons completed their preseason schedule.

New Orleans Saints
Harrington signed with the New Orleans Saints on September 19, 2008. He was the third-string quarterback behind Drew Brees and Mark Brunell for one game against the Denver Broncos. He was released only five days later on September 24, 2008, due to increasing injuries on the Saints roster. After the Saints' injury situation became more manageable, Harrington was re-signed on October 1, but was cut again on October 6. He once again re-signed with the Saints on October 12, 2008, as an inactive third-string quarterback.

On March 30, 2009, Harrington was re-signed to a one-year deal by the Saints. He was released by the team again on September 5, 2009.

After being cut by the Saints, Harrington would not sign with another NFL team.

Performance assessment
Harrington was first given the label of "Savior" by fans and media in Detroit - then deemed a "bust" when he did not meet high expectations. Many speculate that his premature start in the NFL, along with lack of surrounding talent, poor coaching, and questionable offensive lines have affected his performance severely. Many other quarterbacks, such as Tim Couch and David Carr, were also drafted highly and eventually lost their starting jobs.

In 2005, former quarterback Troy Aikman wrote that Harrington "can still be a really good quarterback in this league," and does not deserve the blame for what happened in Detroit: "The focus on Joey's play has given every other player a hall pass, and that's not right."

Former quarterback Phil Simms said in 2006 that Harrington got a bad rap in Detroit. "I am not a Joey Harrington basher. The quarterback can't overcome bad coaching and bad players." Former quarterback Dan Marino said that he did not believe that Harrington had the necessary pieces around him in Detroit to be successful, but that he might be OK in a different place.

When Lions head coach Steve Mariucci was fired by general manager Matt Millen, Lions cornerback Dré Bly told analyst Rich Eisen in an NFL Total Access interview that he blamed Harrington for the dismissal of Mariucci. Bly later apologized to the Lions, but not to Harrington.

Some fingers were also pointed at the Lions' management and coaching staff. Fellow Lions quarterback Jeff Garcia publicly questioned the team's front office, saying on WXYT that "You start to question whether the organization has the people in place who can go about making the proper selections." Former defensive end Howie Long said that Millen made a mistake by drafting Harrington, along with signing Garcia instead of Brad Johnson.

NFL awards

 * FedEx Air Player of the Week – Week 1, 2003

Personal life
Harrington married Emily Hatten on March 10, 2007. They have two sons, born in 2009 and 2012. Emily is a nurse practitioner, and Harrington spoke about them opening a medical clinic to serve the homeless in Portland, after he retired from football. Harrington is an accomplished jazz pianist who has occasionally performed with artists such as Jason Mraz, Blues Traveler, and Third Eye Blind. On February 1, 2008, Harrington appeared as a guest chef on a special Super Bowl episode of The Rachael Ray Show. Harrington is a distant cousin of professional golfer Pádraig Harrington and professional poker player Dan Harrington. Harrington's brother, Michael, played football at the University of Idaho, and was also a quarterback.

Harrington was the guest on the February 2, 2008, episode NPR's Wait, Wait...Don't Tell Me!, as a guest during the 'Not My Job' segment.

Harrington and his family moved back to Portland after his release from the Saints in September 2009. He is spending more time with his wife and family, and the numerous charities in which he is involved. He co-owned the Pearl Tavern, a restaurant in Portland's Pearl District, which opened in 2016 and closed in 2018. He is known by friends and family as “Dis kid, Harrington.”

On July 31, 2011, Harrington was struck by an SUV while riding his bicycle in Portland, Oregon. Harrington suffered a broken collarbone and a punctured lung and fractured his first two ribs below his collarbone and also got six staples in his head behind his right ear due to the accident.

Broadcasting
In 2009, Harrington worked as an NFL and college football commentator for Fox Sports Radio. In 2010, he served as a color analyst for Oregon Ducks football games on Oregon Sports Network. Currently, Harrington is a college football analyst for Fox College Football on FX and Fox. He is also a general assignment reporter with KGW Television on a part-time basis in Portland, Oregon.

Philanthropy
Harrington established the Harrington Family Foundation in 2003 as a nonprofit organization with the goal of supporting youth education and activities as well as other miscellaneous benefits. Harrington's parents, John and Valerie Harrington, run the foundation.

The foundation began with a portion of Joey's signing bonus with the Detroit Lions. It raises further money by selling memorabilia items and booking events. After being given the New York Times Square "Joey Heisman" billboard by the former Oregon Ducks Athletic Director Bill Moos, he proceeded to cut it up and sell the pieces for charity. All the proceeds from the sales went toward scholarships for the University of Oregon.

title: Joey Harrington


text:
Radiation Safety Officer

In the United States, the person within an organization responsible for the safe use of radiation and radioactive materials as well as regulatory compliance. An organization licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to use radioactive materials must designate a Radiation Safety Officer in writing.

Responsibility
The Radiation Safety Officer is responsible for recommending or approving corrective actions, identifying radiation safety problems, initiating action, and ensuring compliance with regulations.

The Radiation Safety Officer (hereafter referred to as the RSO) is also responsible for assisting the Radiation Safety Committee in the performance of its duties and serving as its secretary.

Duties

 * Annual review of the radiation safety program for adherence to ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) concepts.
 * Quarterly review of occupational exposures. The RSO will review at least quarterly external radiation exposures of authorized users and workers to determine that their exposures are ALARA.
 * Quarterly review of records of radiation level surveys. The RSO will review radiation levels in unrestricted and restricted areas to determine that they were at ALARA levels during the previous quarter.

Educational Responsibility
 * The RSO will schedule briefings and educational sessions to inform workers of ALARA programs.
 * The RSO will ensure that authorized users, workers, and ancillary personnel who may be exposed to radiation will be instructed in the ALARA philosophy and informed that the management, the Radiation Safety Committee, and the RSO are committed to implementing the ALARA concept.

Establishment of investigational levels in order to monitor individual occupational external radiation exposures
 * An institution must establish Investigational Levels for occupational external radiation exposure which, when exceeded, will initiate review or an investigation into the over exposure of the worker or authorized user.

title: Radiation Safety Officer


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Witchaven

Witchaven (usually pronounced ) is a dark fantasy first-person shooter video game developed by Capstone Software and published by Intracorp Entertainment in 1995. Its sword-and-sorcery themed story tasks the knight Grondoval with a quest to seek out and destroy a lair of witches in their titular fortress, fighting hordes of hostile monsters along the way. Witchaven features action role-playing elements such as leveling, as well as an emphasis on melee combat. Its code was based upon an early version of the nascent Build engine. The game received overall mixed reviews, such as praise for its atmosphere and gory combat, but criticism for some aspects of gameplay. It was followed by a sequel titled Witchaven II: Blood Vengeance in 1996.

Gameplay
Although the game is considered a first-person shooter (FPS), the game has several role-playing video game (RPG) elements, including character progression by acquiring experience points (EXP) (gained by defeating enemies and finding gold) and level advancement with an increasing number of hit points, damage modifiers and weapons proficiency, and access to more powerful spells at higher levels. The game also has a focus on close-quarters combat, requiring more tactical thinking, unlike the standard run-and-gun gameplay of most first-person shooters at the time. As a result, Computer Gaming World classified it as an action role-playing game, albeit an unconventional one, while The CRPG Book Project maintained that it "is not a full-fledged RPG - it's a first-person shooter (or rather, hack & slasher) with RPG elements." The game is similar to many FPS games of its era in that the player must look for color-coded keys to open closed doors. There are also options to adjust the game's difficulty and gore levels.

There are eleven weapons in Witchaven, each with a different attack range and other characteristics: bare fists, a dagger, a short sword, a morning star, a broadsword, a battle axe, a bow and arrows, throwing axes, a pike axe, a two-handed longsword and a halberd. With the exceptions of the fists, weapons will break down with repeated use and replacements must be found in order to continue fighting. The player can also find different types of armor (only one of which may be worn at a time), each with various values of starting armor points, number of armor points that are subtracted with each hit, and chance of deflecting the attack completely. There is also a shield that acts as additional armor with a chance to deflect an attack entirely, while helmets add armor points and also double the damage the player inflicts for a while.

There are several types of scroll-based spells which can be cast by the player, such as the Fireball, Fly, Freeze, Scare, Unlock, and Nuke invocations. The player can drink various potions for restoring health, curing poison status, or gaining supernatural strength (increased damage), invincibility or invisibility for a half minute. Other items are the ankh symbol that gives the player the maximum number of 250 health points, a crystal staff that gives the maximum number of 300 armor points, magic amulets activating invisibility or scare magic for one minute, horns that enable the player to steal the enemies' health points, various magic rings providing different types of protection such as fire resistance, and scepters enabling the player character to walk on either water or lava.

The enemies the player must contend with include goblins, ogres, imps, skeletons, willow wisps and fire drakes. Some of them are prone to fighting against other types of enemies (for instance, rival goblin tribes will attack each other if put in close proximity). Treasure chests can contain wealth or traps. Illwhyrin the witch is the only boss of the game but she appears repeatedly through the game, teleporting away when losing, until the final battle at the 25th level where she can summon monsters; the game ends with her death.

The game also offers a LAN-based deathmatch-style multiplayer mode, with 10 additional multiplayer-only maps. It was made available for up to 16 players, as the first 3D game to feature that many players simultaneously.

Plot
In Witchaven, the player is cast in the role of Grondoval, a hardy knight in service of his homeland Stazhia, been chosen by his master, Lord Verkapheron, for a mission to rid the world of the threat posed by the evil Illwhyrin. In her lair, known as the realm of Witchaven and hidden in a massive subterranean maze under the forbidding Isle of Char, Illwhyrin performs sinister rituals seeking to lift a dimensional barrier, known as the Veil, that separates the game's universe from the chaotic Nether Reaches. If she succeeds, she might access unlimited dark powers to draw upon and gather a vast horde of demonic minions to use as armies for conquest. Grondoval arrives at Char by boat, armed only with a dagger. He needs to fight his way through the hordes of monsters dwelling in a labyrinth of dark caves and dungeons so he can reach Illwhyrin's inner sanctum in time and put an end to her before it is too late.

Development
Witchaven was adapted from Wyrm Works' 1992 tabletop role-playing game supplement Witchaven created by Mike Pitts, who is credited for "original story and maps" in the video game. The concept "violent, first-person action game set in a fantasy universe ruled by a coven of evil witches who must be eradicated from their lairs" was created after the team attended Gen Con '93. The development began in 1994, following the completion of Operation Body Count. At first, the protagonist character was said to be split into two classes for the player to choose: spellcaster or warrior, and an early design called for the player to choose a class and a gender (these features were later seemingly abandoned in favor of a predefined male hero character capable of using both weapons and spells). An early version of the game's story, which was featured in early promotional materials, involved three witches "older than time itself". One advertisement also mentions how "it is rumored that deep beneath dwells the volcano a powerful demon, giving the witches enormous power in return for human sacrifice."

Along with William Shatner's TekWar, also made by Capstone Software in 1995, Witchaven was one of the first games released to use the Build engine, which did not yet allow sloped ceilings and floors, a feature that 3D Realms added later in 1995. The games used a blue-screen technology during the production. Generic enemies are actually clay-made models, first photographed at every angle, then turned into computer sprites; Illwhyrin was played by the game's product manager Judy Melby. In-game weapon models were also created by using digitization, based on the weapons provided by the BlackSword Armoury Inc. Some of the grotesque stoneworks were based on photographs in Stephen King's book Nightmares in the Sky. The game's intro sequence was created by Shadows in Darkness (then known as "Animation Factory") as their first work. Witchaven Official Strategy Guide published by Brady Games features original artwork and behind-the-scenes with the game's creators.

The game's three-level demo version included features that differed from the full version. The demo version only included five weapons to wield and only six spells. Instead of a potion that cured poison, the demo version used an armor potion that increased armor value. Similarly, the fire resistance potion was replaced with a fire walk potion. The demo version's story told of a group of "Death Magic" practicing witches and their plan to activate the volcano of Char that has been dormant for two centuries, causing it to erupt and threaten the surrounding areas, and the yet-unnamed "brave Stazhian" hero's quest was to break this curse by vanquishing them. Although the story changed before the game's release, the sequel still mentions an eruption of the Char's volcano and speaks about the destruction of plural "witches in their wretched lair" while telling the game's backstory; similarly, the official website includes the phrase the "Witches of Char" in its description of the game.

Reception
Witchaven was met with a mixed critical reception. Nevertheless, the sales have been satisfactory enough to create a sequel.

PC Zone% gave Witchaven a score of 88/100 and recommended it as "packed with lots of spells and potions to play with, the usual network/modem options, triggers and traps, impressive graphical effects - and if you're looking for gore you've found it. Sick, twisted and violent - we like it." Lim Choon Wee of New Straits Times wrote "I love Witchaven," especially praising the game's "bewitching" graphics. Polish magazines Gambler and Top Secret gave it their overall review scores of 90% and 29/40, respectively. In Germany, Power Play gave it two scores of 71% each for both single-player and multiplayer modes, while PC Player scored it a 74%. Other positive reception included a 79 from Spain's Micromanía and a 90% from Slovenia's Svet Kompjutera.

On the other hand, Petra Schlunk of Computer Gaming World described the game "less than spellbounding" despite the "eye-popping gore and a few cosmetic RPG elements" and very disappointing for its lack of real gameplay immersion, concluding it to be "just another" Doom clone. According to Jim Varner of GameSpot, "Witchaven is certainly not a bad game, but it's not that great either," as "in-your-face combat is novel at first, but after a few hours of play, you'll be praying for a BFG-9000."

Legacy
In a direct sequel titled Witchaven II: Blood Vengeance, released in 1996, Grondoval's enemy is the slain witch's vindictive sister. The gameplay of Witchaven II is based on its predecessor, the only differences being in some additional weapon selection and enemy variance. A third game in the series was briefly considered, possibly to keep with the original game's ending text premise of Grondoval eventually becoming a king, but Intracorp bankrupted and Capstone was shut down before any work on it started. The game was scheduled to be made after Corridor 8, which was never finished. Around 2006, a former Capstone programmer Les Bird released the source code of Witchaven and Witchaven II; the derived EGwhaven patches were included in the game's Steam and GOG.com re-releases. The game is supported by the BuildGDX source port, as well as JFWitchaven.

In addition, a black metal band Witchaven took its name from the series, and Techland's video game Hellraid was described as a spiritual successor to Witchaven and Hexen.

title: Witchaven


text:
Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour

Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, PC (bef. 23 February 1607/8 – 28 December 1694) was a Peer of England during the 17th century, and the most famous of the Lords Arundell of Wardour. He served as Lord Privy Seal and Lord High Steward, and was appointed to the Privy Council. During the Popish Plot he suffered a long period of imprisonment, although he was never brought to trial.

Early life
He was baptised on 23 February 1607/8 at St Andrew, Holborn, London. On the death of his father, who had been mortally wounded at the Battle of Stratton, on 19 May 1643 he succeeded to his estates and to his titles, which included that of Count of the Holy Roman Empire. Throughout his life a devoted Roman Catholic, he fought like his father on the side of Charles I in the First English Civil War. In May 1643 the parliamentarians wrested his ancestral home Wardour Castle, in Wiltshire, from his mother Lady Blanche Arundell who was defending it. In the following September Arundell laid siege to the castle and its new occupiers and fought in the re-taking from the rebels. By springing a mine and ruining the building, he finally dislodged the enemy under General Edmund Ludlow in March 1644, partly destroying it to prevent it being used as a fortress.

Career
On 13 May 1652 he acted as one of the seconds of his brother-in-law Colonel Henry Compton, in a duel with George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos. Compton was killed, and a warrant was issued by the council of state to arrest Arundell with others who had taken part. On 17 May 1653, he was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to be burned in the hand. In that year Arundell appears to have petitioned Oliver Cromwell for pardon, and in 1656 to have received permission to take refuge in France. At the Restoration of Charles II, Arundell, on paying £35,000, was confirmed in all his family estates, many of which had been sold by the Commonwealth to Humphrey Weld. He regained possession of Wardour, but never had the money to properly rebuild it. On 7 March 1663 he was nominated and held the office of Master of the Horse to the Queen-Mother, Henrietta Maria.

In January 1669 he was summoned by Charles II of England, with other Roman Catholic peers, to a secret council, and was commissioned to proceed to France to inform Louis XIV of the English king's desire to be reconciled to Roman Catholicism, and of his want of ready money. In June 1669 Arundell returned with Louis's assent to the secret Treaty of Dover with Charles, which was signed in the following year.

Popish Plot
In 1678 Titus Oates and his associates announced that Arundell was a chief mover in the Popish Plot against Charles II, which they professed to have discovered; it was a complete fabrication. According to the evidence of these informers, attempts had been made by the Catholics of England, in league with Louis XIV, to raise an army of 50,000, which was to be placed under the command of Lord Arundell, William Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, and John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse. Some of the witnesses asserted that the Pope had issued a commission to Arundell to be Lord Chancellor as soon as the present ministers had been removed, and that Arundell had for many years been actively employed in arranging the details of the plot. Between October 1678 and February 1684 he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, along with other "Popish" peers, on the accusation of Titus Oates.

The charges were patently absurd: among other unlikely accusations, Arundell was alleged to have conspired with his fellow Catholic peer, William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (who was executed in 1680 for his supposed part in the Plot), although it was common knowledge that following a bitter quarrel they had not spoken to each other for some 25 years. Far from having any motive to kill the King, both were well aware of how much they had gained from his policy of religious tolerance. As Stafford sensibly remarked, simple self-interest dictated that the Catholic peerage should remain loyal to Charles ll, who in his later years was an all but open Catholic himself, whereby: "we have no interest but to be quiet". Arundell was friendly with Lord Belasyse, who like Arundell suffered a term of imprisonment as a supposed Plotter, and with the civil servant Edward Colman, an ardent Catholic who was executed for his supposed part in the Plot in December 1678, but there is no reason to think that there was anything sinister about these friendships. During his imprisonment in 1679, Arundell wrote five short religious poems, published in a single folio sheet in 1679, and reissued in A Collection of Eighty-six Loyal Poems in 1685.

Later years
After the death of Charles II, his successor, James II, admitted Arundell, although he was a Roman Catholic, to the Privy Council (PC), to which he was admitted on 17 July/August 1686, and appointed him Keeper of the Privy Seal or Lord Privy Seal in place of Lord Clarendon on 11 March 1686/87, office he held. By royal dispensation, he was relieved of the necessity of taking the customary oaths on accepting office. In the following June Arundell presented an address to the King on behalf of the Roman Catholics, thanking him for the Declaration of Indulgence; uncharacteristically, he strongly opposed the admission of the Jesuit Edward Petre to the privy council. He received, on 24 June 1687, a bounty of £250 from the king for secret service. In 1688 he was one of the five Lords to whom King James II committed the administration of his affairs.

After the deposition of King James II, Arundell retired to his house at Breamore, Hampshire, and took no further part in public life. He died at Breamore on 28 December 1694, at the age of eighty-eight. He was buried with his ancestors at Tisbury, Wiltshire. He was a noted gambler and sportsman, and kept at Breamore a celebrated pack of hounds, which became the property of the Earl of Castlehaven, and subsequently of Hugo Meynell. From them, the Quorn Hunt's pack is descended.

Family
He was the only son of Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour, by his wife, Blanche Somerset, daughter of Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester and his wife Elizabeth Hastings; Blanche was noted for her staunch defence of Wardour Castle during the Civil War.

He married Cicely Compton (c. 1610 – 24 March 1675/76), daughter of the Hon. Sir Henry Compton, Knt., of Brambletye, Sussex, invested as a Knight of the Order of the Bath (KB) on 25 July 1603, and his first wife Lady Cicely Sackville, and widow of Sir John Fermor. She was a granddaughter of Sir Henry Compton, 1st Baron Compton and of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset through her mother (herself a half-sister of Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset and Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset). Her stepmother was Mary Browne, daughter of Sir George Browne, also a widow, of Thomas Paston, of Thorpe, Surrey.

Their children were:
 * 1) Thomas Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Wardour, b. 1633, d. 10 Feb 1711/12 He became the fourth Lord Arundell of Wardour, and was in the retinue of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine on his visit to Pope Innocent XI as James II's ambassador.
 * 2) Hon. Henry Arundell. A settlement for the marriage between him and Mary Scrope was made on 10 February 1675. They had no issue.
 * 3) Hon. Cicely Arundell, d. 1717, a nun at Rouen, Caux, France. She entered the order of Poor Clares of Rouen in 1662, and died at Rouen on 13 June 1717, at the age of eighty-two.


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Battle of Lwów (1675)

Battle of Lwów or Battle of Lesienice or Battle of Lviv refers to a battle between the armies of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire that took place near the city of Lwów (Lviv, western Ukraine) on August 24, 1675.

Before the battle
In the early summer of 1675 the Ottoman forces of Ibrahim Şişman (Abraham the Fat) crossed the Polish border into Podolia and started its rapid march towards Lwów along the banks of the Dniester. The army numbered some 20,000 men and was composed of Ottoman infantry and cavalry with significant Crimean Tatar detachments. The Polish king John III Sobieski decided to concentrate his troops in and around Lwów and face the assaulting Muslim army after more reinforcements arrived. The Ottoman commander was notified of the concentration and moved his army to Lwow.

Sobieski decided to split his forces. A unit of 180 infantrymen, 200 light cavalry and several cannons was placed in the easternmost of the ravines leading to the road to Lwów. Most of the heavy cavalry were placed on the road itself, directly behind the valleys and the plain. The left flank of his forces was guarded by 200 Hussars stationed in the village of Zboiska, while the rest of the light cavalry and infantry guarded all other approaches towards the city in case the Ottomans outflanked the defenders and attacked the city from other directions. The remaining taborites and civilians were ordered to group on the hills surrounding the plains. They were given spare lances of the Hussars in order to give the impression that the number of Polish troops was much higher.

Battle
The Ottomans advance along the route exactly as Sobieski predicted. Convinced that a large group of Hussars were hiding in the woods on the hills, Ibrahim Shyshman ordered a strong group of cavalry to reach the road through one of the ravines. They were stopped by the Polish infantry and then pushed back by a counter-attack of light cavalry. At the same time, Sobieski ordered all troops guarding other approaches towards the city to join the main forces located along the road.

The 1700-strong group of Polish hussars was joined by three banners (300 men) of Lithuanian light cavalry under hetman Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł. Sobieski ordered the cavalry group to advance through the unguarded western gorge. The ravine was relatively narrow and the Ottomans could not outflank the Polish and Lithuanian cavalry while on the move.

The battle was soon over with Sobieski personally leading. The Pole's pursuit of the Ottoman cavalry lasted until the dusk.

Aftermath
Sobieski liberates the rest of Poland, and returns to Kraków for his coronation.

The Battle of Lwow is commemorated on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw, with the inscription "LWOW 24 VIII 1675".

title: Battle of Lwów (1675)


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Talk:Flash mob computing

FlashMob is technically incorrect English. For an encyclopedia entry I think "flash mob computing" is the general descriptive term. "FlashMob" is more like a brand name or token, it would be used to describe a product or event, such as "FlashMob I", while "flash mob computer" would describe it in general.Stbalbach 22:47, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I think that the name FlashMob describes the event example "Lets set up a FlashMob" in turn they are setting up a FlashMob Super Computer. I used Flash Mob Computing because if you look at just FlashMob it has nothing to do with computers Kylehamilton 05:49, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I don't see what's so special about this "flash mob" event. Similar events took place earlier, e.g. this one: http://www.linux-magazin.de/Artikel/ausgabe/1999/02/Cluster/cluster.html (sorry only german) and if I'm not mistaken, ClusterKnoppix has been around since 2003.

title: Talk:Flash mob computing


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Paul Flechsig

Paul Emil Flechsig (29 June 1847, Zwickau, Kingdom of Saxony – 22 July 1929, Leipzig) was a German neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist. He is mainly remembered today for his research of myelinogenesis.

Biography
Born in Zwickau, he received his education at the University of Leipzig and in 1884 became professor of psychiatry there. In 1882, he became director of the Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology at Leipzig. He made personal investigations of the European systems for the treatment of the insane, on which he was a recognized authority. He spent over fifty years of his medical career at Leipzig.

Although Flechsig contributed much in his study of neurological disorders, he is mainly remembered today for his research of myelinogenesis. Among his students were Emil Kraepelin and Oskar Vogt (mentor to Korbinian Brodmann). Flechsig was the treating psychiatrist for Daniel Paul Schreber, whose memoir inspired Sigmund Freud to publish a detailed analysis of the case in 1911. Flechsig's work has still not been rediscovered widely but his map was reprinted and discussed in Fuster's "Cortex and Mind".

Myelinogenesis is a technique he pioneered in which he studied brains of the late term fetus and newborn by staining for myelin. Between about two months before and after birth, most of the cerebral cortex becomes myelinated. The order in which this happens appears to reflect the evolutionary order of mammals from less to more complex. He derived a map of the cerebral cortex divided not by histology (as Korbinian Brodmann did) but by order of myelination.

Flechsig divided the cortical regions into: The last area of the human cerebral cortex to myelinate is the Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex. (Flechsig #45, Brodmann areas 9 & 46). This region continues to develop in adolescence and adulthood it is related to executive function and working memory.
 * 1) an early myelinating primitive zone, which includes the motor cortex and the visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex;
 * 2) a field bordering the primitive zone that myelinates next;
 * 3) a late-myelinating zone, which he called “association”.

In a 1927 review in the Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA) of his last monograph one finds the following:

"Flechsig, the 80 year old neuro-anatomist, is one of the few great scientists that furthered greatly the knowledge of the finer anatomy of the brain. He is the chief exponent of that phase of neuro-anatomy which deals mainly with distribution and the course of nerve fibers, their formation into systems, and their mutual relationship. His great service to science was his so-called method. This is based the fact that the time at which various systems of fibers making up the brain become covered with myelin varies.	For instance, the sensory root fibers become myelinated before the motor; the upper branch of the vestibular nerve becomes myelinated before the lower. Therefore, by studying the fiber systems in embryos of various ages it became possible for Flechsig and his pupils not only to establish new systems of central nerve fibers but also to correct many mistakes. Flechsig was so enthusiastic about his method that he utilized it with some success in establishing what he called association centers which he believed are the seats of psychic activity. Because of Flechsig's high position in science, his clinic and laboratory were visited by many famous scientists, of whom he briefly speaks in the first part of the booklet where he gives a brief sketch of his life. Of the visitors he mentions Woodrow Wilson and his daughter ("one" Professor Wilson who introduced himself as president of "Princetown" University). The purpose of the visit was to ask Flechsig to "recommend him a neurologist for Princeton University." Some high German officials urged Flechsig, during the peace proceedings at Versailles, at the close of the World War, to utilize his acquaintance with Wilson and ask him for easier peace terms for Germany. Generally this little book is a brief summary of the advances made by Flechsig and his school in the field of brain anatomy during an unusually fruitful period of activity covering fifty- five years."

The "Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research" at the University of Leipzig is an institution established in 1974 in tribute to Flechsig. The institute's scientific emphases is on cellular and molecular aspects of neurodegenerative diseases and glial reactions in the brain and the retina.

Flechsig's fasciculus or Flechsig's tract is a neurological structure which conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum.

title: Paul Flechsig


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Siege of Sevastopol

Siege of Sevastopol may refer to:

 * Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), during the Crimean War
 * Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942), during the Second World War
 * Siege of Sevastopol (panorama), a 1904 painted panorama by Franz Roubaud

title: Siege of Sevastopol


text:
Battle of Lwów

Battle of Lwów or Battle of Lemberg may refer to:

 * Battle of Lwów (1675), a battle in which Ottoman armies were defeated by Poles under John III Sobieski
 * Battle of Lwów (1694), a battle in which Ottoman armies were defeated by Hussars under hetman Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
 * Storming of Lemberg (1704), an assault by which Lwów was captured and looted by Sweden during the Great Northern War
 * Battle of Lemberg (1914) of Battle of Galicia, a battle in which Lemberg was captured by Russia at the outbreak of World War I
 * Battle of Lemberg (1915), a battle in which Lviv was recaptured by Austria-Hungary; included the 4th Division
 * Battle of Lemberg (1918), urban fighting between local Polish inhabitants and the forces of West Ukrainian People's Republic
 * Battle of Lwów (1920), fights of several weeks' duration at the outskirts of the city between the Polish Army and the Red Army during the Polish–Bolshevik War
 * Battle of Lwów (1939), a siege of Lwów by Germany during the Invasion of Poland of 1939 at the outbreak of World War II; capitulated to the Soviet Union
 * Battle of Lwów (1941), an engagement which saw the city fall to the Germans in 1941
 * Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive, a 1944 offensive by the Soviet Union against Germany
 * Lwów Uprising, a 1944 battle in which the city was captured by the Polish Home Army and the Soviet Union during World War II

title: Battle of Lwów