text:
User talk:Yoshiah ap/Archive 2

Karaite edits
Hi Yoshiah

You wanted to know which articles I edited. They included Jew, Karaite Judaism, and Anan ben David. There is also a discussion of the changes on the Talk:Jew page. Jayjg 05:19, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Invitation for input on a dispute
I'd like to know your input, whatever it be, on an ongoing dispute involving edit wars in several articles over the association of Canaanite languages with the Hebrew language and also with Hebrew status of the Ammonites, Moabites and Edomites. You don't have to say anything; I'm just hoping you might have some wisdom on the matter. I personally don't like disputes, and I'm trying to diffuse this one as painlessly as possible. Locations of dispute: User_talk:IZAK and Requests for mediation - Gilgamesh 10:08, 7 July 2004 (UTC)

 * Oy. I've had lots of debates with IZAK. Hopefully the term I've suggested will be suitable to him. He does have a point though - reffering to Hebrew as a Caananite Language would offend many religous Jews.--Josiah 02:24, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I appreciate it, but you need to realize that I didn't know before that it would be offensive. However, the classification naming scheme cannot change when it is so widely agreed by linguists, even Jewish linguists.  Heck, Hebrew was classified a Canaanite language even before I started editing, so he can't blame me for that.  I'm a religious person, but I'm also scientific, which is one of the reasons I'm here at Wikipedia in the first place.  Anyway, thanks for looking into it. - Gilgamesh 02:36, 8 July 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey, where is this debate taking place now??--Josiah 06:10, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * NM, I found it.--Josiah 06:14, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

New user page
Hahahaha! ^_^ I like your newly formatted user page. It looks familiar. ^_^ - Gilgamesh 03:12, 8 July 2004 (UTC)

 * Holy crud that was quick. I'd barely hit the 'save page' button!--Josiah 03:13, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Eh, you're on my watchlist and I was browsing it. :P - Gilgamesh 03:16, 8 July 2004 (UTC)

Archives
How do you archive the old stuff? --Josiah 06:12, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I've never done it myself, but I assume it's just like creating any other file. When I edited my account's style sheet, I learned that Wikipedia allows user subdirectories.  In this case, maybe User:Yoshiah_ap/Archive_1 or something similar.  There, copy and paste the contents of dead discussion threads from the old article (this talk page) to the new article (the archive page).  In theory, at least. - Gilgamesh 08:30, 9 July 2004 (UTC)

Ultra-Orthodox Judaism

 * Most Non-Jews would have no idea what Haredi means, at least here in America.--Josiah 04:38, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

That's the purpose of redirects. JFW | T@lk  08:41, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh yeah... sometimes I can be a bit dense. Thanks!--Josiah 00:04, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Personal note from Gilgamesh
Your comments helped me figure out what I needed to do to restore crucial system files and allow my system to reboot successfully. Thank you! I am extremely grateful. ^_^ It'll take some time for the panic to wear off though. :P - Gilgamesh 09:51, 11 July 2004 (UTC)

 * No problemo.--Josiah 00:08, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Misspelling, which warrants its own header because I say so, so nyah! ^_^
In your profile page, you misspelled Tetragrammaton. ^_^ Also, Tetragrammaton directs to the proper article, so you don't need to use the sacred name in your document source if you don't want to. :) - [[User:Gilgamesh|Gilgamesh] 04:59, 14 July 2004 (UTC)

Fundamentalism
Hi. I'm leaving off the debate, which I don't think can ultimately do justice to the issue (like most WP controversies), but it simply wouldn't be polite not to respond to what you wrote to me.

It is true that all kinds of people use "fundamentalism" for all kinds of things today, non-scholars and academics alike. But be wary when people tell you they are using an "academic" definition for this, or any other loaded terms, because those terms then define the very debate itself. That is often highly misleading, in this case and in a great many areas, because the true debate is often about what terms to use! Which ones truly shed new light, which ones really add new meaning to our understanding of reality, and which ones oversimplify things and cloud how we read the nuances. This is especially true in the humanities.

Part of the reason I think this cannot be resolved on WP is that in a completely open project like this, anyone can quote a book or article and say, "See! Scholars DO say this." And then it becomes futile to argue about what kind of academic writing is better (even if I myself am an academic in the field). The best that can be done is the WP NPOV cliche: "Some scholars/writers/people employ term X to describe phenomenon X, while others prefer to view it terms of Y or Z." This will probably be the best possible solution available for "fundamentalism," though in reality the persistent partisan voices may void even that possibility. This is especially sad for a term which is clearly pejorative for a great many of its users (even if an "academic" definition is claimed), and also taken from a completely different setting and applied to groups of Jews who don't fit its pre-determined categories.

I think WP is a wonderful thing despite what happens for controversial issues. In the end, historically, the debates on the talk pages may be far more valuable that who "wins" inside the article itself!

Dovi 14:44, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with the last paragraph entirely :) I believe RK is starting to clarify the definition of 'fundamentalist' in some articles to avoid the confusion. Hopefully that will help.--Josiah 19:32, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, perhaps not (I suspect not). I don't think I've ever come across a more "fundamentalist" Conservative Jew than RK (and I know lots of people active in the movement).  I think his deep motivation for this whole thing is to set up "fundamentalism" as the litmus test to divide between Conservative and Orthodox Judaism.  Which is factually false, historically inaccurate, and saddest of all completely ignores the inner tensions within the rabbinic tradition which allow (or even force) these kinds of streams to arise.  Too bad.Dovi 04:04, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Which articles was this an issue on in the first place? (I forgot) I wouldn't mind making sure a clean definition of fundementalism is in place, especially since I'm labeled as 'fundamentalist' under the "clean" definition--Josiah 04:51, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The proverbial crap has hit the fan
I snapped. I totally told off IZAK... I can't believe I did it. I told him what everyone has been thinking but have been too polite to say. Now I have no idea what comes next... I still have a positive commitment towards Jewish issues, but I can't possibly recognize any credibility in IZAK anymore. I can't work with him — I won't, and I'm trying to reconcile with my role on Wikipedia. Not easy, as I really haven't told off someone else before. - Gilgamesh 06:13, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Hebrew languages
You are hereby invited to WikiProject Hebrew languages.

Some links ^_^
Here, Yoshi. ^^ Both requested links, and some links to Hebrew fonts that I have installed (that you didn't give me, so I assumed you didn't have). The two font sites are the source of most of the fonts I've found useful. ^_^

 * Free agency (Latter-day Saint)
 * Ben's Fonts
 * DanielLevy.com

- Gilgamesh 00:04, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the 411--Josiah 09:18, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Vote
See Votes for deletion/Occupation of Palestine

 * Thanks IZAK. Have an easy fast and a joyous Sukkot.--Josiah 09:19, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Linux
Hi Guys - I'm downloading the Mandrake ISO's as we speak and plan on installing them as soon as I get everything from this computer transferred to my new laptop. My interenet setting are configured externally (in a dsl modem/router). Other than that, is there anything I should have handy during setup?--Josiah 09:21, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Karaims to be merged?
Hi. See Karaims Discussion. Your view ?--BIR 06:42, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the 411--Josiah 00:49, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Vote: Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis
See Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis. Thank you and Chag Sameach. IZAK 09:49, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Requests for adminship/Sam Spade
Requests for adminship/Sam Spade

 * I'd vote, but I don't really know much about this user to make an informed vote.--Josiah 22:22, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yoshiah ap/Archive 2


text:
Boyle (crater)

Boyle is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the rugged far side of the Moon. It is adjacent to the larger crater Hess to the southeast, and lies about midway between the craters Alder to the north-northeast and Abbe to the south-southwest.

The outer rim of Boyle is nearly circular, and displays some slumping around the interior. Most of the rim is sharp-edged and displays little appearance of wear due to subsequent impacts. The southern rim, however, is overlain by a wide, irregular groove in the surface that follows a course from east to west along the rim. There is also an overlapping formation of tiny craterlets overlapping the narrow strip of terrain that joins Boyle to Hess.

The interior of the crater is relatively flat, with a long, low central ridge at the midpoint. This rise is aligned in a linear formation from southwest to northeast. There is a tiny craterlet near the eastern rim, but the interior is otherwise undistinguished.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Boyle.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Boyle (crater)


text:
Jimmy Duncan (politician)

John James Duncan Jr. (born July 21, 1947) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for TN's 2nd congressional district from 1988 to 2019. An attorney, former Criminal Court judge, and former long serving member of the Army National Guard, published author and newspaper columnist. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Early life, education, and legal career
Duncan was born in Lebanon, Tennessee, in Wilson County, Tennessee. His "paternal grandparents were small-acreage farmers in Scott County, which in 1861 left Tennessee, refusing to follow the Volunteer State into the Confederacy, and declared itself 'the Free and Independent state of Scott.'" Duncan's parents were Lois (Swisher) and John Duncan Sr., who "hitchhiked into Knoxville with five dollars in his pocket,' and after an education at the University of Tennessee was elected mayor of Knoxville and then congressman." The elder Duncan was also a co-owner of the Knoxville Smokies of the "Sally League," for which his son "was a batboy, a ball shagger, scoreboard operator, and, as a freshman at the University of Tennessee, the Smokies' public-address announcer." Duncan also worked as a grocery bagger and salesman at Sears while working his way through school. Duncan supported Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, and sent the first paycheck he earned as a bag boy at the local A&P to the Goldwater campaign.

Duncan graduated from Holston High School in Knoxville, Tennessee. He completed his college course work at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1969 with a Bachelor of Journalism degree and subsequently received a Juris Doctor degree from George Washington University Law School in Washington, D.C. in 1973 and was admitted to the bar that same year. He also served in the Army National Guard from 1970 to 1987. He was an attorney in private practice until he became a state court judge for the Criminal Court in Knox County, Tennessee following an appointment by Lamar Alexander. Hee served as Criminal Court judge from 1981 to 1988.

Duncan also served in the Army National Guard from 1970 to 1987, obtaining the ultimate rank of captain.

Elections
Duncan's father, John Sr., who had represented the Knoxville, Tennessee based 2nd District since 1965, died in June 1988. Jimmy Duncan won the Republican nomination to succeed him. He ran in and won two elections on November 8, 1988. The first election being a special election for the balance of his father's 12th term, followed by a regular election for a full two-year term following his father's term. He was re-elected every two years from then until his retirement from a district that had been held continuously by Republicans (or their antecedents) since 1859, and by a Duncan since his father was first elected in 1964.

He won reelection fourteen times (1990-2016), generally garnering above 70% of the total vote each time. He never faced a serious or well-funded challenge for reelection, and was reelected without major-party opposition in four consecutive elections (1994 through 2000). For four the general elections from 1990 to 2000 Duncan's primary challenger came from an independent candidate or a member of the Libertarian Party. On the occasions he did face major-party opposition, he only dropped below 70% of the vote twice, during the special and regular elections in 1988, while surpassing the 80% threshold 5 times and once exceeding 90% of the total vote.

In 2017, he announced he would not seek re-election in the 2018 election for Tennessee's 2nd District, and would instead retire. His eventual replacement Tim Burchett, who was the Knox County, Tennessee Mayor at the time announced his intention to run for the seat shortly thereafter.

Electoral history
!Year !Winning candidate !Party !Votes !Pct !Opponent !Party !Votes !Pct
 * colspan=13 |U.S. House, Tennessee' 2nd Congressional District (General Election)
 * colspan=13 |U.S. House, Tennessee' 2nd Congressional District (General Election)
 * 1988
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 99,631
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 56.23%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Dudley W. Taylor
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 77,540
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 43.76%
 * 1990
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 62,797
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 80.57%
 * Peter Herbert
 * Independent
 * 15,127
 * 19.41%
 * 1992
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 148,377
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 72.24%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Troy Goodale
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 52,887
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 25.75%
 * 1994
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 128,937
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 90.49%
 * Various
 * Independent
 * 13,545
 * 9.51%
 * 1996
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 150,953
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 70.68%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Stephen Smith
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 61,020
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 28.57%
 * 1998
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 90,860
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 88.64%
 * Various
 * Independent
 * 11,642
 * 11.36%
 * 2000
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 187,154
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 89.34%
 * Kevin J. Rowland
 * Libertarian
 * 22,304
 * 10.65%
 * 2002
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 146,887
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 78.98%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| John Greene
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 37,035
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 19.91%
 * 2004
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 215,795
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 79.07%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| John Greene
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 52,155
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 19.11%
 * 2006
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 157,095
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 77.72%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| John Greene
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 45,025
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 22.28%
 * 2008
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 227,128
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 78.12%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Bob Scott
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 63,639
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 21.89%
 * 2010
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 141,796
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 81.78%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Dave Hancock
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 25,400
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 14.65%
 * 2012
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 196,894
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 74.44%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Troy Goodale
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 54,522
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 20.61%
 * 2014
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 120,883
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 77.44%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Bob Scott
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 37,621
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 24.10%
 * 2016
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 212,455
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 75.65%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Stuart Starr
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 68,401
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 24.35%
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 77.44%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Bob Scott
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 37,621
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 24.10%
 * 2016
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| Jimmy Duncan
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"|Republican
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 212,455
 * style="background:#ffb3b3;"| 75.65%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| Stuart Starr
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"|Democratic
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 68,401
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 24.35%
 * style="background:#b3d9ff;"| 24.35%

Tenure
Duncan voted against authorizing the 2003 War in Iraq based on opposition to what he believed to be an unnecessary foreign involvement. He also opposed and voted against a June 2006 House declaration in support of the war. He was one of the most conservative Republicans to do so. Duncan later remarked that the Iraq War vote had been

"[The War in Iraq was] a tough one for me. I have a very conservative Republican district. My Uncle Joe is one of the most respected judges in Tennessee: when I get in a really serious bind I go to him for advice. I had breakfast with him and my two closest friends and all three told me that I had to vote for the war. It's the only time in my life that I've ever gone against my Uncle Joe's advice. When I pushed that button to vote against the war back in 2002, I thought I might be ending my political career."

Duncan was among only six Republicans to vote against funding for the Iraq War on May 24, 2007. Duncan voted, along with three other Republicans, to withdraw U.S. troops from Iraq by April 2008 on July 12, 2007.

On March 10, 2010, Duncan again joined three other Republicans in voting for the removal of troops from Afghanistan. Duncan and Ron Paul were the only members of Congress to vote for the removal of troops from Afghanistan and against all recent bailout and stimulus bills.

He has criticized neoconservatism and supports a non-interventionist foreign policy.

Duncan was a member of the Liberty Caucus, a group of libertarian-minded congressional Republicans. Other members included Walter B. Jones of North Carolina, Roscoe Bartlett of Maryland, Scott Garrett of New Jersey, and Jeff Flake of Arizona. A former neighbor of his district, Zach Wamp of the 3rd district, also belonged to the group during his tenure in the House.

Duncan voted against the Wall Street bailout. In a column he explained his vote stating he "thought it would be better in the long run not to adopt the socialist approach." The American Conservative Union gave Duncan a 96% score for his voting record in 2013, higher than any other federal Representative in Congress from Tennessee.

The Family Research Council has rated Duncan as a 92% or above since 2002 and the NRA Political Victory Fund has rated him in equally positive terms. In 2012, Duncan received the number one spot in the 435-member House in the National Taxpayers Union's (NTU) annual ranking of Congress, earning him the "Taxpayer Hero" award.

Duncan is a frequent contributor to Chronicles and The American Conservative, both magazines associated with the paleoconservative movement. He has also contributed to numerous trade publications and Capitol Hill newspapers. Duncan has also voiced public support for returning the gold standard.

In April 2016, Duncan endorsed Donald Trump for the Republican presidential nomination.

On 5 January 2017, he was one of only four Republicans to oppose the House's resolution 11 condemning the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334.

Controversies
In February 2017, Duncan refused to hold any town halls in his district after the election of then recently inaugurated President Donald Trump. Duncan said that he preferred one-on-one meetings rather than town halls, adding that he was not willing to give a platform to "extremists, kooks and radicals."

Misuse of campaign funds
Duncan was accused of misuse of campaign funds for using them to pay his son almost $300,000 over the course of five years, for work not done or for fees that were too high. Duncan denied the charges.

However his son, John Duncan III (R) a Knox County Trustee, pled guilty to a felony charge of official misconduct for handing out bonuses to his own staff for training they had not received. Duncan III resigned from office and was given one year of probation. His charges are now expunged.

Retirement from Congress
On July 31, 2017, Duncan announced that he would not run for reelection in 2018, citing to spend more time with his family.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure (Vice Chairman)
 * Subcommittee on Aviation (Former Chairman)
 * Subcommittee on Highways and Transit (Former Chairman)
 * Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines and Hazardous Materials
 * United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
 * Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets
 * Subcommittee on National Security

Caucus memberships

 * Congressional Friends of Scotland Caucus (Founding Co-chairman)
 * Congressional Immigration Reform Caucus
 * Liberty Caucus
 * United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
 * Sportsmen's Caucus
 * Veterinary Medicine Caucus
 * Congressional Constitution Caucus
 * Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus
 * U.S.-Japan Caucus

Post Congressional Career
Following his retirement from the U.S. House of Representatives Duncan published a book about his life and career titled "From Batboy to Congressman." He also is a regular columnist for a newspaper in Knoxville.

Personal life
Duncan and his wife Lynn ( Hawkins) were married in 1978. They have four children, including former Knox County Trustee John Duncan III, and eight grandchildren. Lynn died in August 2021. He married Vickie Dowling in May 2022.

He is also the brother of Tennessee State Senator Becky Duncan Massey. After retiring from Congress, Duncan relocated from his home in Knoxville to Bean Station in neighboring Grainger County.

title: Jimmy Duncan (politician)


text:
Derby Canal

The Derby Canal ran 14 mi from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Swarkestone to Derby and Little Eaton, and to the Erewash Canal at Sandiacre, in Derbyshire, England. The canal was authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1793 and was fully completed in 1796. It featured a level crossing of the River Derwent in the centre of Derby. An early tramroad, known as the Little Eaton Gangway, linked Little Eaton to coal mines at Denby. The canal's main cargo was coal, and it was relatively successful until the arrival of the railways in 1840. It gradually declined, with the gangway closing in 1908 and the Little Eaton Branch in 1935. Early attempts at restoration were thwarted by the closure of the whole canal in 1964. Since 1994, there has been an active campaign for restoration spearheaded by the Derby and Sandiacre Canal Trust and Society. Loss of the Derwent crossing due to development has resulted in an innovative engineering solution called the Derby Arm being proposed, as a way of transferring boats across the river.

Origin
Although the River Derwent had been used for transport from the Trent since ancient times, it was winding and shallow in many places, silting frequently. The right to use it for navigation was conferred upon the citizens of Derby by King John in 1204. The engineer George Sorocold was involved with plans for improvements, although it is uncertain whether he was involved in the actual work. Plans had been first proposed in 1664, and bills had been presented to Parliament in 1696 and 1698. In 1703, Sorocold attended Parliament to give evidence for a scheme which involved four new cuts, with weirs and locks, on a 10 mi stretch of the river. The bill failed, but the map for a similar scheme presented in 1717 was said to be drawn by Sorocold. This became the Derwent Navigation Act in 1720, and the work enabled boats to reach Derby in January 1721, but it was still difficult to navigate in periods of flood or dry weather. Indeed the Trent itself was little better.

In 1770, James Brindley had brought the Trent and Mersey Canal to the Trent near Shardlow. He proposed a canal from Swarkestone through Derby to join the Chesterfield Canal, but he was resisted by the Derwent Navigation and the Trent Navigation companies, and the matter was not raised again until 1791. Two schemes were then proposed by rival groups, one from Swarkestone to Derby, and the other from Derby to the Trent and Mersey Canal at Shardlow. By August 1792, the first scheme had grown to include a branch to Smithy House near Denby, another to Newhall and Swadlincote, and a third to Cheadle in Staffordshire, following a route through Sudbury and Uttoxeter. When Benjamin Outram was asked to carry out surveys later that year, it had been reduced to a more sensible size, and he estimated that the construction of a broad canal from Swarkestone to Smithy Houses, with a branch from Derby to the Erewash Canal at Sandiacre, including the purchase of the Derwent Navigation Company, would cost £60,000 .

The costs of the length from Derby to Denby would account for a third of this, and the plan included an aqueduct across the River Derwent at Derby, costing £8,160. Initially Outram suggested a narrow canal as an alternative. William Jessop was asked to give his opinion and he suggested a tramway from Little Eaton to Denby. This, the Derby Canal Railway, but known locally, as the Little Eaton Gangway, was therefore one of the first to be publicly subscribed, and would save the construction of six locks.

Outram also proposed to save some £4000 by dispensing with the aqueduct and, instead, building a weir to raise the river level to form a basin adjacent to the Morledge, with locks connecting it to each branch of the canal. A bridge would carry the towpath across the basin. A small aqueduct would still be needed to cross the mill race on the west side of the Holmes.

Construction

The Bill was passed by Parliament in 1793 by a narrow majority in the face of strong opposition from the Trent and Mersey Canal and the Erewash Canal owners who had a scheme of their own.

Work commenced with the Little Eaton branch and the gangway, followed by the Sandiacre line. This began with a small basin under what is now St. Alkmund's Way, proceeding eastwards following a line south of the Nottingham Road. A short branch from the basin led via Phoenix lock to the river above a weir at St. Mary's Bridge, which gave access to the Darley Abbey mills. These were located some 1.2 mi upstream from the bridge. By 1904, the river was only used for the first 0.35 mi, up to the Great Northern Railway bridge, according to Bradshaw's Guide.

The Sandiacre line followed the course of the old Nottingham Road with two locks near Borrowash, then level through Draycott and Breaston, and descending through two locks to Sandiacre Junction with the Erewash Canal, a distance of 9 mi. The Little Eaton line branched northwards at the boundary of the racecourse, passing to the east of Chester Green, parallel to and east of the present day railway. The canal from Derby to Little Eaton was opened on 11 May 1795, the first load of coal from Denby being distributed to the poor of Derby. The Sandiacre line was opened on 30 May 1795.

Work then began on the crossing of the Derwent, followed by the line out to Swarkestone. From the small weir mentioned above a canal led through what is now Darwin Place to the Derwent Basin above the weir in the river which still exists behind the Council House, downstream of the Exeter Bridge. A timber causeway was built on trestles for use as the towpath. The weir also contained a culvert which transferred water between two branches, for a distance of about 0.25 mi.

From the basin the canal fell into a lock before crossing the mill race (which still runs beside Bass's Recreation Ground) by way of the cast-iron aqueduct arriving at Gandy's Wharf roughly where the Cockpit island is now.

It followed the line of the mill race before passing behind what became the Locomotive Works (now Pride Park), before turning sharply southwards towards Chellaston descending through Shelton and Fullen's locks. It joined the Trent and Mersey Canal at Swarkestone Junction, a distance of 5.5 mi from Derby. A short extension led on to the River Trent just upstream from Swarkestone Bridge. The route from Derby to Swarkestone was opened on 30 June 1796.

History
The Little Eaton gangway was built using cast iron plates, initially weighing 28 lb per yard (13.9 kg/m) although this was increased to 40 lb per yard (19.8 kg/m) for plates made after 1804. By 1825, there were nine passing places on the single-track line, which carried 2-ton waggons. Each waggon carried a box of coal, with a load of between 1.65 and 1.87 tons, which was transferred to a barge at Little Eaton wharf by a crane. From Smithy Houses, several private lines served the Denby Main colliery and other mines in the locality. Further extensions were made in the 1820s, by which time there were around 6 mi of tramroad.

The Holmes Aqueduct proved to be extremely troublesome. Aqueducts up to that time had been made of stone, but several short arches would have been necessary, causing obstruction to the flow of the stream. The 44 ft single-span cast iron structure that Outram devised, and completed in 1796, was the first of its kind, as it was completed a few weeks earlier than Longdon-on-Tern Aqueduct, the structure by Thomas Telford at Longdon-on-Tern on the Shrewsbury Canal.

In 1802 there was a partial failure, probably due to the sides bowing and transferring too much weight to the base where they joined to the deck. After remedial work it failed again in 1812 and was reinforced with timber baulks. Although plans were prepared for replacement in stone, it survived until 1930, when the bottom plates were replaced by a wooden base, which was sealed by puddling.

In 1817 the link between the River Trent and the Trent and Mersey Canal was closed because of its lack of financial success. Maintenance charges had exceeded revenue since 1812, as it was little used because the Trent and Mersey canal charged compensation tolls at extortionate rates for boats using the link. Twenty years later it was dry. In 1838 the canal was diverted away from the River Derwent at Borrowash to allow construction of the Midland Counties Railway line between Derby and Long Eaton. This diversion included building a new Borrowash Top Lock.

The canal was relatively successful before the arrival of railways. Traffic figures are scarce, but in 1798, 28,571 tons of coal were recorded, of which 40 per cent came from the Little Eaton gangway. By 1803 this had risen to 50,374 tons, with 55 per cent from the gangway. Rather than it just supplying Derby, the company encouraged through trade on the canal, and this contributed to its profitability. Regular dividends were paid to shareholders from 1811, although some had been paid in previous years. Initially, they were close to the 5 per cent promised by the original Act, but reached 12 per cent in 1839. Although this exceeded the amount specified by the Act, it was justified as covering years where the 5 per cent had not been made. Traffic figures for February and March 1839 indicate that the Little Eaton line carried 13,332 tons, the Sandiacre line carried 15,725 tons, and 9,773 tons were carried on the Swarkestone line. This would suggest that the total for the year was around 200,000 tons.

Decline
In 1830 the company considered building a locomotive line from Derby to Smithy Houses, and two years later looked at the possibility of a locomotive line from Derby to Little Eaton. The first was surveyed by an engineer called Stephenson, presumed to be George Stephenson, but no further action was taken. Toll reductions were made from 1834, in an attempt to stay competitive, but by 1840 there were three main line railways in Derby. By 1845, tolls on the Little Eaton line were less than half what they had been five years earlier. The Derby and Gainsborough Company wanted to buy the Little Eaton line in 1846, and were quoted £30,000, as were the Midland Railway in 1847. Instead, they built a parallel line to Ripley, which opened in 1855.

Receipts fell from £8,180 to £2,556 between 1838 and 1868, and dividends for the same period fell from 10.5 per cent to 4 per cent. An attempt was made in 1872 to sell the whole canal to the Midland Railway for £90,000, without success, and a similar offer to the London and North Western Railway also failed. Traffic suffered further decline when Butterley Tunnel on the neighbouring Cromford Canal had to be closed. The Little Eaton gangway was closed in 1908, ten years after the action was first considered, and the Little Eaton branch followed on 4 July 1935, when the company obtained a warrant for its closure. Attempts to close the Sandiacre line in 1937 were thwarted by objections from Imperial Chemical Industries. Commercial traffic on the remainder of the canal ceased in 1945. In 1964 the canal company gained permission to close the rest of the canal. Over the next three decades, areas of the canal were built on while others were allowed to decay.

Restoration
In view of proposals to abandon the canal, B. A. Mallender, who lived in the locality, asked the fledgling Inland Waterways Association to help mount a campaign for its revival in 1947. The author Tom Rolt made a series of cruises on threatened waterways at this time, but could not obtain permission to navigate the Derby Canal. Rolt took his case to the Ministry of Transport, seeking to invoke the conditions of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 25), but was told that they would not sanction an inspection of the canal, because the company had intimated that they were preparing to restore the waterway. In 1956 a local committee was formed to campaign for restoration. By 1961, Derby Council were actively promoting the infilling of the canal, and so the Inland Waterways Association together with the Derby Canal Restoration Committee wrote to the Derby Evening Telegraph, calling for the canal's restoration. Although the council refused to comment, the letter, which was published on 1 February 1961, caused considerable local debate, and a protest cruise was organised on the Erewash Canal, with the Derby Canal entrance lock as the destination. The Times national newspaper carried details of the event, and a subsequent meeting held on 27 May called for a public enquiry into how best to restore the canal for commercial and amenity use. Despite the campaigns, the company obtained a warrant to abandon the whole canal in 1964.

With the changed economic climate of the 1990s and the success of other restoration schemes, a feasibility study was carried out in 1994. It included detailed plans for restoration, and concluded that the cost for reinstating the 14 mi main line would be £17.3 million. To make progress, a company called the Derby and Sandiacre Canal Trust was formed, with volunteer input managed by the Derby and Sandiacre Canal Society. In early 1996, construction of the Derby Bypass threatened to sever the line at Swarkestone, although the Department of Transport suggested that a navigable culvert could be provided if the Canal Society paid for it. In 2000, Derby Council assisted the canal trust in applying for a £3.2 million grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, to create a linear park by restoring the canal from Spondon to Sandiacre, while the canal was identified as one of several projects which British Waterways thought they could assist, at its annual general meeting held in 2001.

By mid-2003, the canal trust has succeeded in getting the whole route of the canal protected by inclusion in the local council structure plans. By this time, the estimated cost of restoration had risen to £34 million, but they launched a major initiative to raise the funding over a 10-year period. Grants from the Derbyshire City Partnership received from 2008 enabled the Trust Development Group to begin the process of applying for outline planning permission for reinstatement. The route of the canal passes through three local council regions, and so separate applications had to be made to Derby City Council, Erewash Borough Council and South Derbyshire District Council. All three applications had been approved by 24 August 2011, paving the way for actual reinstatement to begin, subject to the necessary funding being available. The restoration plans do not include reinstatement of a level crossing of the River Derwent. The site of the original crossing has been lost to development, and there would be issues with water supply and flood risk associated with a crossing on the level. An innovative solution has been suggested in the form of the Derby Arm, which would transport a caisson containing water and a boat in a semi-circular arc from one side of the river to the other. Its design is similar to a medieval trebuchet.

Plans for the restoration were threatened in 2013 when the route of High Speed 2, a high-speed rail link from London to Birmingham, Manchester and York, were published. This envisaged an East Midlands Hub station at Toton, which would have destroyed part of the canal route, but revised plans were published on 15 November 2016, with the station moved to avoid the canal. The chairman of the Derby and Sandiacre Canal Trust, Chris Madge, was still concerned that a tramway to link the station to Derby would impinge upon the canal, but was hopeful that the canal in this area could be reopened before tramway construction began, and that the plans for the tramway would therefore have to accommodate the canal.

The canal today
From Swarkestone the line of the canal can be followed into Derby as far as Wilmorton although the only recognisable canal features are the chambers of Fullen's and Shelton Locks and the bridges under Chellaston Road (pictured) and London Road. Route 6 of the National Cycle Network (NCN 6) follows this part of the canal.

Although traces of the canal through Derby city centre remained until well into the twentieth century (the ice factory on what was the Cockpit island drew its water from the canal), it has all been covered by development, mainly the inner ring road and Pride Parkway. New building at Pride Park has obliterated all traces of the canal in that area.

The weir built across the river to form the Derwent Basin still exists behind the Council House, downstream of the Exeter Bridge, and the timber causeway on trestles, which was used as the towpath, remained until 1959. The Holmes Aqueduct was removed in 1971, and after a period in storage at a council depot, was sold for scrap.

The remains of the towpath are visible at a bridge under the railway immediately north of Derby railway station. An unused span of the railway bridge over Old Nottingham Road once crossed the canal. Steel girders set into the kerb edge of Old Nottingham Road near its junction with Stores Road are the remains of a bridge over the Little Eaton line. The Little Eaton line and the gangway have also disappeared, apart from the Wharf Building at Little Eaton, in the present day trading estate, and a couple of bridges. The clock house is a grade II listed structure, built for the canal's agent at the junction between the canal and the Little Eaton gangway. It is an L-shaped building, constructed of red bricks with a tiled roof in about 1795.

The A52 Brian Clough Way was built upon the canal between the Pentagon and Spondon. From Spondon the line can be traced to Sandiacre. NCN 6 uses the canal route between Borrowash and Breaston. One of the few original bridges is situated between the A6005 Derby Road and the railway at Borrowash. It is constructed of red brick with stone dressings, and is grade II listed. The lock-keepers cottage at Sandiacre Lock also dates from around the time of the opening of the canal, and although it has additional windows added in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most of it is original.

title: Derby Canal


text: Category:1540 deaths

title: Category:1540 deaths


text:
Claude Brinegar

Claude Stout Brinegar (December 16, 1926 – March 13, 2009) was the third United States Secretary of Transportation, serving from February 2, 1973, to February 1, 1975. Holding a PhD from Stanford University in economic research, Brinegar had previously been an oil company executive. Brinegar was Secretary of Transportation during the 1973 oil crisis.

Early life and education
Claude Brinegar was born Claude Rawles Stout on December 16, 1926, to Lyle Rawles Stout and Claude Leroy Stout in Rockport, California, a small lumber town on the coast, 25 miles north of Fort Bragg. After her husband abandoned her and her toddler, Lyle Stout got a teaching job on an Indian reservation. Following her marriage, in 1932, to Butler Brinegar, the boy had a disjointed education, attending a different school each year as his stepfather moved around Northern California for jobs with the Works Progress Administration and other agencies. He legally took his stepfather's last name in 1951. He served in the United States Army, 1945–47, then attended Stanford University, where he received a B.A. in Economics with Great Distinction (1950), an M.S. in Mathematics and Statistics (1951), and a Ph.D. in economic research (1953). He was also elected to Phi Beta Kappa. While pursuing his Ph.D., Mr. Brinegar was a research assistant with the Food Research Institute in Stanford, California, and an Economic Consultant to the Emporium-Capwell Corporation in San Francisco, California.

Brinegar joined the Union Oil Company (later called Unocal Corporation) in 1953 as an economic analyst and held several positions in economics, planning and research until 1965, when he was elected vice president for corporate planning. In October 1965, Union Oil and the Pure Oil Company merged. Brinegar was appointed president of Pure Oil and remained in that position when Pure became Union 76. He was also elected senior vice president of the firm and a member of Union Oil's board of directors and executive committee.

Political life
Brinegar was nominated to the post of United States Secretary of Transportation by Richard Nixon. Dr. Brinegar was the third person to take the post of Secretary of Transportation and followed John A. Volpe, a former governor in Massachusetts. Brinegar had never held political office before taking this post, but cited his education and experience as a consumer as credentials that made him suitable for the job. He was quoted “I've flown a million miles in the last seven years, and I've sat on the Harbor Freeway for hours in traffic jams”, implying that his firsthand knowledge of the issues regarding transportation would help him find effective solutions. He also served under Gerald Ford, but when Ford announced he intended to seek the presidency, Brinegar resigned and returned to an executive position at Union Oil. In 1980–81, Brinegar was on Ronald Reagan's transition team.

1973 oil crisis
Brinegar was Secretary of Transportation during the Arab oil embargo in 1973 and was tasked with mitigating the crisis during this period. He passed the Emergency Highway Conservation Act with president Nixon which set a speed limit of 55 miles an hour on all highways in order to reduce oil usage. During this time Brinegar also promoted carpooling nationwide in order to help reduce oil usage. Another of Brinegar's chief legislative accomplishments was the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, which allocated federal funds for states to improve and maintain their highways.

Death
Brinegar died of natural causes aged 82 at a retirement home in Palo Alto, California, on March 13, 2009. He is survived by his wife, three children, and four grandchildren.

title: Claude Brinegar


text:
Montour Railroad

The Montour Railroad was a short line railroad company operating passenger and freight service in southwestern Pennsylvania. At its height in the 1930s, the railroad served 27 mines transporting nearly seven million tons of coal annually in Allegheny and Washington Counties.

History
The Montour Railroad Company was chartered in 1877 as a wholly owed subsidiary of the Imperial Coal Company. The first segment constructed extended from the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad line at Montour Junction, near Coraopolis, Pennsylvania to the Imperial Coal Company mines at Imperial, Pennsylvania. In 1901 the Pittsburgh Coal Company assumed control of the railroad. A major expansion was undertaken in 1912 to reach new coal mines and factories. By 1914 the railroad reached the town of West Mifflin, Pennsylvania on the Monongahela River. The Montour Railroad became an important feeder line and eventually all five major railroads in the southwestern Pennsylvania market were linked to the Montour Railroad. In 1946 the Pittsburgh Coal Company sold the Montour Railroad to the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad (a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad), who operated it jointly. A 5 mi branch served Moon Run, this segment being operated until 1936. The P&LE acquired sole control of the Montour Railroad in 1975. The railroad's engine houses and shops were at Montour Junction, near the Ohio River at Coraopolis, Pennsylvania. The Montour Railroad had passenger service in its early years from 15 stations along its route, but passenger service was discontinued in 1927. By the 1950s most of the coal mines the Montour serviced had been worked out and the Montour began a slow decline. The Montour Railroad was down to just 23 mi of track between Montour Junction and Gilmore Junction when operations ceased in 1984 with the closing of the Westland Coal mine, the Montour’s last remaining major customer. In the 1990s large portions of the right of way were acquired by the Montour Trail Council in a rails-to-trails program.

In 1944 Montour reported 159 million ton-miles of revenue freight; at the end of that year it operated 50 mi of road and 84 mi of track.

Westland Branch
The Westland Branch was opened in 1928 to serve Westland Mine #1. Later, Westland Mine #2 was opened, and the Montour was extended to serve it. Westland #1 closed in 1981. The #2 mine was the last operating mine served by the Montour, finally closing in 1983, and demolished in 1985. In December 2010 MarkWest Energy announced plans to lease the Westland Branch right of way from the Montour Trail Council for 30 years. The branch was redeveloped as a combination trail and railroad operated by the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway to serve MarkWest's Westland natural gas processing plant. Construction was completed and the branch began operation in August 2012.

Preservation
In 2019, the Montour Railroad's SW9 locomotive #82 was acquired by the Age of Steam Roundhouse from the Flats Industrial Railroad, restored to its original condition, and painted into Montour colors. Later, Montour 84, another SW9, received the same treatment.

title: Montour Railroad


text:
Takpa people

The Takpa is a sub-group of the Monpa people, while the southern sub-group is identified as the Tshangla. Monpas of the Takpa group are found in Tawang and Dirang of Arunachal Pradesh, Cuona of Tibet as well as Trashigang in Bhutan.

title: Takpa people


text:
Up Against the Wall Motherfucker

Up Against the Wall Motherfucker, often shortened as The Motherfuckers or UAW/MF, was a Dadaist and Situationist anarchist affinity group based in New York City. This "street gang with analysis" was famous for its Lower East Side direct action.

History
The Motherfuckers grew out of a Dada-influenced art group called Black Mask with some additional people involved with the anti-Vietnam War Angry Arts week, held in January 1967. Formed in 1966 by Ben Morea, a painter of Catalan origins, and the poet Dan Georgakas, Black Mask produced a broadside of the same name and declared that revolutionary art should be "an integral part of life, as in primitive society, and not an appendage to wealth". In May 1968, Black Mask changed its name and went underground. Their new name, Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers, came from a poem by Amiri Baraka. Abbie Hoffman characterized them as "the middle-class nightmare... an anti-media phenomenon simply because their name could not be printed".

 * 1967 – Forced their way into The Pentagon during an anti-war protest.
 * 1967 – Flung blood, eggs and stones at U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk who was attending a Foreign Policy Association event in New York.
 * January, 1968 – "Assassinated" poet Kenneth Koch (using blanks).
 * February, 1968 - Dumped uncollected refuse from the Lower East Side into the fountain at Lincoln Center on the opening night of a gala "bourgeois cultural event" during a NYC garbage strike (an event documented in the Newsreel film Garbage).
 * 1968 – Organized and produced free concert nights in the Fillmore East after successfully demanding that owner Bill Graham give the community the venue for a series of weekly free concerts. These "Free Nights" were short-lived as the combined forces of NY City Hall, the police, and Graham terminated the arrangement.
 * December 12, 1968 - Created a ruckus at the Boston Tea Party: after the MC5 opened for the Velvet Underground one of the Motherfuckers got on stage and started haranguing the audience, directing them to "...burn this place down and take to the streets...". This got "The Five" banned from the venue.
 * December 18, 1968 - Rioted at an MC5 show at the Fillmore East. Some "beat (Graham) with a chain and broke his nose". This got the Detroit band banned from all venues controlled by Graham and his friends.
 * Cut the fences at Woodstock, allowing thousands to enter for free.

Associations
Valerie Solanas, a radical feminist and would-be assassin of Andy Warhol, was friends with Morea and associated with the Motherfuckers. In the film I Shot Andy Warhol, the gun used in her attack is alleged to have been taken from Morea.

When Morea was asked in a 2005 interview by John McMillian of The New York Press how he had been able to rationalize supporting Solanas, Morea replied, "Rationalize? I didn't rationalize anything. I loved Valerie and I loathed Andy Warhol, so that's all there was to it." He then added "I mean, I didn't want to shoot him." He then added: "Andy Warhol ruined art."

Prior to becoming the Motherfuckers, the Situationist International accepted Morea's group as its New York chapter.

Influence as a slogan
The phrase was taken from the poem, "Black People!" by Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones): "The magic words are: Up against the wall, mother fucker, this is a stick up!" This, in turn, was a reference to a phrase "supposedly barked by Newark cops to Negroes under custody." The poem had appeared in The New York Times in 1968 and Mark Rudd, an organizer for Columbia University's Students for a Democratic Society, provocatively quoted the line in an open letter to the university president.

Most of the lyrics for the 1969 song "We Can Be Together", by the acid rock band Jefferson Airplane, were taken virtually word-for-word from a leaflet written by Motherfucker John Sundstrom, and published as "The Outlaw Page" in the East Village Other. The lyrics read in part, "We are all outlaws in the eyes of America. In order to survive we steal, cheat, lie, forge, fuck, hide, and deal... Everything you say we are, we are... Up Against the Wall, Motherfucker!" The song marked the first use of the word "fuck" on U.S. television, when the group played it uncensored on The Dick Cavett Show on August 19, 1969. This song also helped popularize the phrase as a counterculture rallying cry, over and beyond the immediate impact of the anarchist group.

At various times, the line became popular among several groups that came out of the sixties, from Black Panthers to feminists and even "rednecks." In 1968, David Peel and the Lower East Side included the song "Up against the Wall, Motherfucker" on their album entitled Have a Marijuana. In the 1970s, Texas country singer-songwriter Ray Wylie Hubbard adapted the famous phrase for a song he wrote entitled "Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother". The phrase was also used as a song title on the album Penance Soiree by the Icarus Line.

The line was famously shouted by Patty Hearst during the robbery of Hibernia Bank in San Francisco.

Simulation game
In 1969, Columbia University history major Jim Dunnigan, who would later found Simulation Publications, Inc., published a simulation game in the March 11, 1969 edition of the Columbia Spectator named Up Against the Wall, Motherfucker! The game was based on recent disturbances at Columbia University and allowed the players to play either as protestors or administration with victory determined by winning over various stakeholder groups.

title: Up Against the Wall Motherfucker


text: User:Cpcallen

title: User:Cpcallen


text:
Von Kármán (lunar crater)

Von Kármán is a large lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. The crater is about 186 km in diameter and lies within an immense impact crater known as the South Pole–Aitken basin of roughly 2500 km in diameter and 13 km deep. Von Kármán is the site of the first soft-landing on the lunar far side by the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft on 3 January 2019.

Name
The crater is named after Hungarian-American aeronautical engineer Theodore von Kármán.

Overview
The northern third of this formation is overlain by the rim and outer rampart of the walled plain Leibnitz, forming a deep indentation in the formation. The remainder of the outer wall is roughly circular in shape, although it is irregular and heavily worn by subsequent impacts.

The interior of Von Kármán has been subjected to flooding by lava flows after the original crater formed, leaving the southern portion of the floor nearly flat. This surface has a lower albedo than the surrounding terrain, and is nearly as dark as the interior of Leibnitz. There is a central peak at the location where the midpoint of the original Von Kármán was formed, which joins with the rougher surface in the northern part of the crater.

In addition to Leibnitz to the north, the crater Oresme is located to the west-northwest, and Finsen lies to the northeast on the edge of Leibnitz's rim. Nearly attached to the southeast rim is the unusual figure-eight-shaped formation Von Kármán L. Directly to the east of this is the crater Alder.

Prior to formal naming in 1970 by the IAU, the crater was known as Crater 434.

Exploration and cotton seeds sprouting
On 3 January 2019, the Chinese spacecraft Chang'e 4 landed inside the crater Von Kármán, becoming the first spacecraft to soft-land on the far side of the Moon. The site holds symbolic meaning and scientific value as Theodore von Kármán (1881–1963) was the PhD advisor of Qian Xuesen, the founder of the Chinese space program.

Chang'e 4 took cotton seeds on its mission, and on 15 January 2019, China announced that cotton seeds had sprouted, the first "truly otherworldly plant in history".

On 4 February 2019 the IAU approved the name of the landing site as Statio Tianhe. The central peak of Von Kármán, to the northwest of the landing site, was named Mons Tai. Three small craters were also named: Hegu is south of the landing site, Zhinyu is to the west, and Tianjin is to the northeast.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Von Kármán.

title: Von Kármán (lunar crater)


text:
Theodore Roosevelt III

Theodore Roosevelt IV (June 14, 1914 – May 2, 2001), also known as Theodore III, was an American banker, government official, and veteran of World War II. He was a grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt through his father, Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt III. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a "Jr." name suffix.

Early life
Roosevelt was born on June 14, 1914, in New York City. He was the second born and the last surviving of four children to Theodore Jr. and Eleanor Butler Alexander. Theodore had an older sister, Grace Green Roosevelt, who married William McMillan, and two younger brothers, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt III and Quentin Roosevelt II. Following his father, Ted, and paternal grandfather, T. R., Theodore went to Groton School and graduated from Harvard in 1936, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding Theatricals and the Owl Club. While at Harvard, Roosevelt played for the Harvard Crimson men's soccer team, and was named a second-team All American in 1934.

When his grandfather, President Theodore "T. R." Roosevelt Jr., died in 1919, his father took on the "Junior" last name suffix. As a result, he was known as Theodore III, rather than Theodore IV. As an Oyster Bay Roosevelt, Ted was a descendant of the Schuyler family. His maternal grandparents are Henry Addison Alexander and Grace Green.

Career
After graduating from Harvard, Roosevelt worked for the DuPont company from 1936 to 1941.

Service in World War II
Following the Roosevelt tradition of military service during times of national emergency, during World War II, Roosevelt volunteered as a Navy pilot, serving as a flag lieutenant (i.e. an aide to an admiral) in the Pacific theater. For his service as a naval aviator, Theodore was awarded the Air Medal. He was promoted to lieutenant on April 1, 1944, and left the Navy as a lieutenant commander.

Post-war life
Upon his return from the Pacific Theater, Theodore joined the Philadelphia brokerage firm of Montgomery, Scott, becoming a partner in 1952. Appointed by Governor James Duff, Ted served as Secretary of Commerce of Pennsylvania from 1949 to 1951.

For many years, he was president of the Competitive Enterprise System, Inc., a nonprofit organization that promoted free markets in the United States. Roosevelt was a trustee of the Theodore Roosevelt Association (TRA) for many years and a generous supporter of the organization. In recent years, he attended TRA Police Awards ceremonies in Boston and Philadelphia as well as TRA annual meetings in Boston and Norfolk, VA. He was an honorary plank owner in the USS Theodore Roosevelt, and a strong supporter of the efforts to preserve the Pine Knot site in Virginia, his grandparents' presidential retreat.

Personal life
On February 3, 1940, Roosevelt married Anne Mason Babcock (December 3, 1917 — January 29, 2001), daughter of George Wheeler Babcock (May 12, 1879 — November 21, 1950) and Anne Mason Bonnycastle Robinson (January 10, 1886 — February 4, 1923). They had one son, Theodore Roosevelt IV (born 1942).

Roosevelt died on May 2, 2001, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. He and his wife are buried near Somesville, Maine.

title: Theodore Roosevelt III


text:
Category talk:Anaheim Angels players

Suggestion: Since there are categories for "Los Angeles Angels players", "California Angels players", and "Anaheim Angels players", I believe each category should be restricted to those who played for the team under each separate name. For the Anaheim category, only those who played for the team from 1997 on, when the franchise took the Anaheim name, should be included. Dale Arnett 15:39, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * And now, of course, it should be restricted to those who played in Anaheim from only 1997–2004. —Cleared as filed. 22:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Anaheim Angels players


text:
DMHC

DMHC can refer to:

 * California Department of Managed Health Care State of California government agency, United States.
 * Dickinson Mental Health Center in Pennsylvania, United States
 * Detroit Medical Health Connection in Michigan, United States

title: DMHC


text:
Sineus and Truvor

Sineus and Truvor (Синеус и Трувор) were the brothers of Rurik, a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who is traditionally considered to be the founder of the Rurik dynasty. According to the Primary Chronicle, the brothers were invited by East Slavic and Finnic tribes to reign in northern Russia in 862. Sineus established himself at Beloozero and Truvor at Izborsk. After they died, Rurik consolidated their territories into his own.

Description
According to the Primary Chronicle, compiled in c. 1113, a group of Varangian Rus' were invited to rule over the local East Slavic and Finnic tribes after they began fighting each other. Rurik, the oldest of the brothers, established himself in Novgorod, while Sineus established himself at Beloozero, on the shores of Lake Beloye, and Truvor at Izborsk, although archaeological findings have also suggested that his residence was in Pskov. Truvor and Sineus died shortly after the establishment of their territories, and Rurik consolidated these lands into his own territory, thus laying the foundations for the state of Kievan Rus'.

According to popular 20th-century scholarly interpretation (summarized in the textbook by Katsva and Yurganov), the phrase "Rurik, Sineus, en Truvor" should be read "Rurik, sine hus, en tro(gna) vär(ingar)" (Rurik, his house/relatives, and true companions). However modern linguistical expertise shows that "sine hus" and "thru varing" contradict basic morphology and syntax of known old Scandinavian dialects, and could never be translated as "our faithful" and "his households". On the other hand, historians of the 19th century (A. Kunik, N. Belyaev, et al.) had already found common old Scandinavian names such as Signjótr (also Sveinn?) and Þórvar[ð]r, which could fit well with "Sineus" and "Truvor" by Nestor's transcription.

title: Sineus and Truvor


text:
Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax

The Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, also known as the Beth Israel Synagogue Cemetery, is a Jewish cemetery located on west side of Windsor Street at the intersection of Connaught Avenue beside Fairview Cemetery in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It has been the burial ground of the congregation of the Beth Israel Synagogue of Halifax since 1893.

History
The Baron De Hirsch Hebrew Benevolent Society, named for the philanthropist, Baron Maurice de Hirsch (1831–1896), of Munich, sought to acquire land on the outskirts of Halifax for a local cemetery. The Culvie Farm property was purchased for that purpose on 20 June 1893, and the land was consecrated on 30 July 1893. Some changes to the boundaries of the cemetery were negotiated with the city in the 1950s due to the city's need to realign Windsor Street. The city provided additional property, but some original memorial walls had to be disassembled and moved. The new wall was dedicated on 30 September 1968. An anonymous donor since 2004 has funded renovations and expansion.

RMS Titanic
Of the 209 bodies recovered after the sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912, 150 were buried in Halifax cemeteries. Ten victims were buried at Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, eight of whom unidentified. The others were the Titanic's saloon steward Frederick William Wormald and passenger Michel Navratil, Sr. While the intent was for Jewish victims to be buried in the cemetery based on initial body identification, it later turned out that the only two identified victims from Titanic in the cemetery were not Jewish. Wormald was Church of England and Navratil, who had boarded the ship under the name "Louis M. Hoffman", was Catholic.

The cemetery also contains a Commonwealth war grave of a Canadian soldier of World War I.

title: Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax


text:
Dan Evans (baseball)

Daniel P. Evans (born January 27, 1960) is an American professional baseball executive. Within Major League Baseball, Evans was most recently a scout for the Toronto Blue Jays. He is currently a member of the Baseball Prospectus Advisory Board, serves on the board of directors for the Society of American Baseball Research (SABR) and is President of SABR's Rocky Mountain Chapter. Evans attended Lane Technical High School on Chicago's North Side and DePaul University.

He started in baseball as an intern with the Chicago White Sox while a junior at DePaul University and was eventually promoted to assistant general manager. After almost 20 years, Evans resigned from the White Sox following the 2000 season. During his tenure, he was responsible for drafting or acquiring future Hall of Famer Frank Thomas, Tom Seaver, Robin Ventura, Paul Konerko, and Bo Jackson, among others. Evans then became the executive vice president and general manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2001 to 2004 during which they ended a seven-year postseason drought. Among the players drafted under Evans were all-stars Matt Kemp and Russell Martin. While Dodgers' GM, Evans promoted the first Taiwanese player (Chin-Feng Chen) to the Major Leagues. Evans was later responsible for the Pacific Rim Operations of the Toronto Blue Jays and also scouted Major League and minor league players.

He was Commissioner of the Northern League of Professional Baseball in 2013, which folded before playing games due to the league's ownership issues. Evans authored a column "108 Stitches" for Baseball Prospectus before working for the Blue Jays. In 2013, he also became an instructor for the online sports-career training school Sports Management Worldwide. Dan teaches the "Baseball GM and Scouting" course with Hank Jones and speaks annually at the SMWW Baseball Career Conference.

Evans' Twitter account, @DanEvans108, was honored as a "Top 100 Must-Follow Sports Business Twitter Account of 2014" by Forbes and has also been named among the "Top 50 Baseball Related Twitter Accounts" by Baseball America.

Evans was born in Chicago, Illinois. He has two daughters and lives in Boulder, Colorado.

title: Dan Evans (baseball)


text:
Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy

Christianity and Hellenistic philosophies experienced complex interactions during the first to the fourth centuries.

As Christianity spread throughout the Hellenic world, an increasing number of church leaders were educated in Greek philosophy. The dominant philosophical traditions of the Greco-Roman world then were Stoicism, Platonism, Epicureanism, and, to a lesser extent, the skeptic traditions of Pyrrhonism and Academic Skepticism. Stoicism and, particularly, Platonism were readily culturally approprieted into Christian ethics and Christian theology.

Historic development
Christian engagement with Hellenistic philosophy is reported in the New Testament in Acts 17:18 describing the Apostle Paul's discussions with Epicurean and Stoic philosophers. Christian assimilation of Hellenistic philosophy was anticipated by Philo and other Greek-speaking Alexandrian Jews. Philo's blend of Judaism, Platonism, and Stoicism strongly influenced Christian Alexandrian writers such as Origen and Clement of Alexandria, as well as, in the Latin world, Ambrose of Milan.

Clement of Alexandria, demonstrated Greek thought in writing, ""Philosophy has been given to the Greeks as their own kind of Covenant, their foundation for the philosophy of Christ ... the philosophy of the Greeks ... contains the basic elements of that genuine and perfect knowledge which is higher than human ... even upon those spiritual objects." (Stromata 6. 8)"

The Church historian Eusebius suggested in his Praeparatio Evangelica that Greek philosophy, although in his view derivative, was concordant with Hebrew notions. Augustine of Hippo, who ultimately systematized Christian philosophy, wrote in the 4th and early 5th century, "But when I read those books of the Platonists I was taught by them to seek incorporeal truth, so I saw your 'invisible things, understood by the things that are made' (Confessions 7. 20)."

John Burnet (1892) noted
 * The Neoplatonists were quite justified in regarding themselves as the spiritual heirs of Pythagoras; and, in their hands, philosophy ceased to exist as such, and became theology. And this tendency was at work all along; hardly a single Greek philosopher was wholly uninfluenced by it. In later days, Apollonios of Tyana showed in practice what this sort of thing must ultimately lead to. The theurgy and thaumaturgy of the late Greek schools were only the fruit of the seed sown by the generation which immediately preceded the Persian War.

Conception of God
Commentary from Sir William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870, p. 620).
 * One, or unity, is the essence of number, or absolute number. As absolute number it is the origin of all numbers, and so of all things. (According to another passage of Aristotle, Met. xii. 6. p. 1080, b. 7. number is produced) This original unity they also termed God (Ritter, Gesch. der FML vol. i. p. 389). These propositions, however, would, taken alone, give but a very partial idea of the Pythagorean system. A most important part is played in it by the ideas of limit, and the unlimited. They are, in fact, the fundamental ideas of the whole. One of the first declarations in the work of Philolaus was, that all things in the universe result from a combination of the unlimited and the limiting; for if all things had been unlimited, nothing could have been the object of cognizance.

It was not until the fusion of Platonic and Aristotelian theology with Christianity that the concepts of strict omnipotence, omniscience, or benevolence became commonplace. The Platonic Theory of Forms had an enormous influence on Hellenic Christian views of God. In those philosophies, Forms were the ideals of every object in the physical world, and objects in the physical world were merely shadows of those perfect forms. Platonic philosophers were able to theorize about the forms by looking at objects in the material world, and imagining what the "Perfect" tree, or "Perfect" man would be. The Aristotelian view of God grew from these Platonic roots, arguing that God was the Infinite, or the Unmoved mover.

Hellenic Christians and their medieval successors then applied this Form-based philosophy to the Christian God. Philosophers took all the things that they considered good, Power, Love, Knowledge and Size, and posited that God was "infinite" in all these respects. They then concluded that God was omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent and omnibenevolent. Since God was perfect, any change would make him less than perfect, so they asserted that God was unchanging, or immutable.

Anselm of Canterbury, a priest, monk, and philosopher defined God as the "Being than which no greater can be conceived." Almost 200 years later, Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologiae, article 3, wrote succinctly: "By 'God', however, we mean some infinite good".

With the establishment of the formal church, the development of creeds and formal theology, this view of God as Omni-Everything became nearly universal in the Christian World.

Ontological argument
Anselm of Canterbury composed the ontological argument for the existence of God, which he believed to be irrefutable. In essence, he argued that because God is, by definition, the being than which no greater can be conceived, and it is more perfect to exist than not to exist, God must exist. Conceiving God not to exist would be not conceiving God at all, as it would conceive a being less than perfect, which would not be God. Therefore, the argument proceeded, God could not be conceived not to exist.

The ontological argument is a defining example of the fusion of Hebrew and Greek thought. Philosophical realism was the dominant philosophical school of Anselm's day, and stemmed from Platonism. It held, in contrast to Nominalism, that things such as "green" and "big" were known as universals, which had a real existence in an abstract realm, as described by Plato. Accordingly, if a concept could be formed in the human mind, then it had a real existence in the abstract realm of the universals, apart from his imagination. In essence, if God could be imagined, God existed.

The ontological argument reflected the classical concept of "perfections". Size, intelligence, beauty, power, benevolence, and so forth: all the qualities are called perfections. What is more intelligent is more perfect as regards intelligence, what is more beautiful is more perfect as regards beauty, and so forth. Because existence was more perfect than non-existence and God was, by definition, perfect, God existed by definition.

The Platonic concepts of realism, perfection and a god that defined as infinite thus became incorporated into Christian medieval philosophy.


text:
File:NWN showdown.jpg

Summary

 * Description: A screenshot from the computer role-playing game Neverwinter Nights (2002). The Elven warrior/rogue player character is in a desperate showdown with Morag, the Queen of the Old Ones, in her majesty's Inner Sanctum. The colorful light show in the foreground is due to the spell just cast by the Queen. (The head and left leg of the player character is just visible in the midst, next to the stone statue.) There is a blade barrier covering the gap between the two stone walls, preventing access.
 * Image Width: 364
 * Image Height: 273
 * Usage: For use on the Neverwinter Nights page.

title: File:NWN showdown.jpg


text:
Talk:Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax

earlier comments
Baron de Hirsch cemetery was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made below rather than here so that this is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS, tied between keep and merge and redirect

Jewish cemetery in Halifax. It's small claim to fame is that is has some Titanic victims. Wyllium 15:47, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * Keep. Valid topic, just needs more love and affection. jengod 18:15, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Lost VfD. Needs cleanup, Keep. Cool Hand Luke  05:10, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge into appropriate Halifax (which one?) - Skysmith 07:54, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Definitely worth keeping, could expand. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 08:23, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Worth keeping this snippet of info somewhere, probably in a merged article with the Halifax, Nova Scotia page. Average Earthman 08:58, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect, concur with AverageEarthman --Improv 15:44, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Difficult case. I think a real article on the cemetary could be written, but this level of information at present is too poor.  Listing on Clean Up is inappropriate, since what's really needed is an expert editor.  Therefore, I suppose the best thing is merge and redirect to a section of Halifax, Nova Scotia.  An expert editor would be welcome, but such a person would either break out or bulk up that section, so we don't lose. Geogre 18:36, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep if expanded and wikified, otherwise merge into Halifax, Nova Scotia. RickK 19:32, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Rick's suggestion. Keep if improved or merge. Gamaliel 22:02, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep — siro  χ  o  01:15, Oct 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful article & significant topic. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:10, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and let it organically expand. [[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 15:55, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Halifax, Nova Scotia.   — Gwalla | Talk 23:16, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Steve  22:41, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

End archived discussion -- Graham ☺ | Talk 13:08, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120226142120/http://www.jewishhalifax.com/cemetery/index.html to http://www.jewishhalifax.com/cemetery/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120226142120/http://www.jewishhalifax.com/cemetery/index.html to http://www.jewishhalifax.com/cemetery/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/19991023113336/http://www.euronet.nl/users/keesree/dead.htm to http://www.euronet.nl/users/keesree/dead.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.hadassah.org/news/content/per_hadassah/archive/2004/04_OCT/traveler.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:26, 27 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120206113049/http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=1241 to http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=1241

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:17, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Old Custom House, Montreal which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 04:04, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

number of Titanic victims
The article says, quote, "Ten victims were buried at Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, eight of whom unidentified. The others were the Titanic's saloon steward Frederick William Wormald, passenger Michel Navratil and Leopold Weisz." The math is wrong....8 unidentified plus 3 "others" equals eleven victims, not 10. Elsquared (talk) 02:25, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, Halifax


text:
Mieres

Mieres is a municipality of Asturias, northern Spain, with approximately 38,000 inhabitants. The municipality of Mieres is made up of the capital, Mieres del Camino and the villages of Baíña, Figaredo, Cenera, Loredo, La Peña, La Rebollada, Santullano, Santa Rosa, Seana, Ujo, Urbiés, Valdecuna, Santa Cruz, Ablaña, Turón, Gallegos, Bustiello.

History
Mieres is the heart of the coal mining industry in Spain. The topography of Mieres is mountainous with the greatest population centers being located in the valley along the banks of the Caudal River (Río Caudal) valley in the center of Asturias. Before the Spanish Industrial Restructuring Mieres was one of the industrial backbones of Asturias, and hosted 70000 inhabitants in the 1960s. Today Mieres shelters a campus of the University of Oviedo and different museums in relation with the industrial heritage.

The municipality of Mieres is served by bus routes and the regional rail lines Renfe Feve and Renfe Cercanias, connected with Oviedo, Gijón, León and Langreo.

Festivals
Mieres’ most popular and important festival St. John's Bonfire (La Foguera de San Juan) occurs every June 24's eve, and is highlighted by a huge bonfire, cultural events, dancing, outdoor concerts, fireworks, al fresco dining and drinking. Another important festival is the Folixa na Primavera in April (Spring Fiesta), which includes dance and music performances from the nine European Celtic regions, food, drink and especially cider, (sidra).

Parishes

There are fifteen parishes:
 * Baíña
 * Figaredo
 * Gallegos
 * Loredo
 * Mieres del Camino
 * La Peña
 * La Rebollada
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santa Rosa
 * Santullano
 * Turón
 * Urbiés
 * Ujo
 * Seana
 * Valdecuna

Notable residents

 * Roma Gallardo, YouTuber
 * Juan Carlos Ablanedo, footballer
 * José Andrés, chef
 * Vital Aza, author and playwright
 * María Luisa García, chef, author of the bestselling cookbook of Asturian cuisine in history
 * Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, saint
 * Jenny, singer and representative of Andorra in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006
 * Víctor Manuel, singer and songwriter
 * Nacho Martínez, actor
 * Federico Montoro, poet
 * Xaviel Vilareyo, author

Twin towns

 * 🇨🇿 Karviná, Czech Republic
 * 🇨🇺 San Miguel del Padrón, Cuba
 * 🇪🇭 Amgala, Western Sahara
 * 🇧🇪 Herstal, Belgium

title: Mieres


text:
Gana

The word  (Sanskrit: गण) in Sanskrit and Pali means "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, category, series, or class". It can also be used to refer to a "body of attendants" and can refer to "a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims". The word "gana" can also refer to councils or assemblies convened to discuss matters of religion or other topics.

In Hinduism, the s are attendants of Shiva and live on Mount Kailash. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva; the deity's title is or, meaning, "lord or leader of the ".

Vedas
The term gana is employed in the Rigveda in reference to the Maruts: "anu krāmema dhītibhiḥ""Let us wait with sacred praises and holy rites upon your several strength, and separate troop, and individual company."

Mahabharata
Chapter 108 of the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata describes a discussion between Yudhishthira and Bhishma regarding the strength of the ganas, how they defend themselves from disunion, the subjugation of their enemies, and forging friendships. Bhishma's answers to these questions are recorded in the form of shlokas (verses) from 16 – 32 of the chapter.

Shiva Purana
In the Shiva Purana, after Ganesha's life was restored by Shiva, he was crowned as the leader of the ganas by the gods.

Cilappatikaram
The Cilappatikaram, one of the five great epics in Tamil by Ilango Adigal, describes the prescribed offering for eighteen kind of ganas.

Buddhaghosa
The Buddhaghosa mentions the palaces of the ganadeva-puttas ("Ganadevaputtānañ ca vimānāni") among those seen by King Nemi as Mātali led him through the world of the devas. This term seems to be absent in the corresponding jātaka. It is possible that these deities are associated with the ganas of Hinduism.

title: Gana


text:
Talk:Sallins

Actually, I am not so sure about the station being closed. I think it may have just been redeveloped and part of the Kildare Arrow project (i.e. much more service and switch from intercity to commuter). I think I recollect intercity trains stopping there in the 1980s. Am I wrong? I'll see if Johnson's railway atlas can shed any light. zoney ♣ talk 15:49, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC) Yep. I was wrong! :-) zoney ♣ talk 16:19, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sallins. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120217095720/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census to http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:47, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sallins


text:
User:0101CHANlf

Hi Chan,

Yes, I did the rearrangement, I did it because it would be more organized that way, and as Li just left a msg for us that we should cancel subheadings to avoid overlapping, so i thought thats the best that can be done. Dont you think its more coherent this way? Anyway, its great you remind that the more important part should be posted first, so please just rearrange it again, thanks. 0101WONGlh

title: User:0101CHANlf


text:
Theodore Roosevelt IV

Theodore Roosevelt V (born November 27, 1942), also called Theodore IV, is an American investment banker and managing director at Barclays Investment Bank. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Economic Club of New York, and the Foreign Policy Association, and serves on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization. Roosevelt is also a prominent conservationist. His name suffix varies since his great-grandfather, President Theodore Roosevelt, was a son of Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a "Jr." name suffix.

Early years
Theodore Roosevelt V was born on November 27, 1942. He is the only son of Theodore Roosevelt IV (1914–2001) and Anne Mason Babcock (1917–2001). Roosevelt earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1965. At Harvard, he was a member of the Porcellian Club. In 1972, Roosevelt earned an MBA from the Harvard Business School, where he was a member of the HBS Rugby Club.

Roosevelt is a great-grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt. As an Oyster Bay Roosevelt, and through his ancestor Cornelius Van Schaack Jr., he is a descendant of the Schuyler family. His maternal grandparents were George Wheeler Babcock (1879—1950) and Anne Mason Bonnycastle Robinson (1886—1923).

Career
After college, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve on June 16, 1965, and served as a U.S. Navy officer with Underwater Demolition Team 11 (BUD/S Class 36). After completing BUDS he served for two years in Vietnam with the Navy SEALs. He remained in the Naval Reserve after leaving active duty and was promoted to lieutenant commander on April 1, 1974.

He would later then go onto serving in the U.S. State Department as a foreign service officer in Washington, D.C. and the Upper Volta.

Public service
Roosevelt is Chair of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, a Trustee of the Alliance for Climate Protection, a member of the Governing Council of The Wilderness Society (United States), and a Trustee for the American Museum of Natural History, the World Resources Institute, and The Cultural Institutions Retirement System. He is also a Counselor for the China–U.S. Center for Sustainable Development. He sits on the Advisory Council of the nonpartisan anti-corruption organization Represent.Us, where he served as a consultant in the crafting of the American Anti-Corruption Act.

At the Republican Convention in 2000, Roosevelt delivered an address on the environment. He gave the keynote speech at the National Governors Association Annual Meeting in 2001 as well as the keynote address at the Governors Conference on Climate Change in April 2008 sponsored by Yale University. Most recently, he spoke at the Conference of Parties Climate Summit in December 2009 in Copenhagen sponsored by the European Union Parliament.

On April 18, 2016, the day before the New York Republican primary, Roosevelt endorsed Ohio Governor John Kasich for president of the United States.

Roosevelt suggested on Twitter that Donald Trump was the "loser" following a report in The Atlantic that Trump chose not to visit an American military cemetery in France, with Trump allegedly saying "Why should I go to that cemetery? It's filled with losers."

Personal life
In 1970, Roosevelt married Constance Lane Rogers. They have one son, Theodore Roosevelt VI.

title: Theodore Roosevelt IV


text:
Matthias Siejkowski

Maciej Siejkowski (born 12 December 1967) is a Polish/German rower. He formerly held the world record for 2000 m on an indoor rower, which he first set in a time of 5:39.7 at the World Indoor Rowing Championship in 1997, and later reset with a time of 5:37.0 in Warsaw, Poland on 1 December 2001 in Warsaw, Poland.

Siejkowski is the last man to officially hold the record for 2500 m on an indoor rower with a time of 7:10.7, which he set in 1992 in a race in Germany. In 1996, the World Indoor Rowing Championship changing the official distance of record from 2500 m to 2000 m. This brought the event in line with the on the water distance of record. As a result, records for the 2500 m distance are no longer maintained.

He is now a member of "AZS Politechnika Wrocław" rowing club.

title: Matthias Siejkowski


text: User talk:Alec eiffel

title: User talk:Alec eiffel


text:
User talk:Korin

JFW | T@lk  15:57, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Korin


text:
Talk:Be Not Nobody

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Be Not Nobody. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060323011059/http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/ to http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:01, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Be Not Nobody. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070107073850/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=34 to http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=34

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:09, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Be Not Nobody


text:
Hua Shang Daily

Hua Shang Daily, also known as China Commercial Daily, was a patriotic newspaper for united front led by Liao Chengzhi and Fan Changjiang and published in Hong Kong since 8 April 1941. Due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, it was stopped publishing in that year. After the Japanese surrender, Hua Shang Daily was restored publishing on 4 January 1946 and became a democratic publication. The newspaper supported democratic movement and opposed to the dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek.

On 15 October 1949, Hua Shang Daily published an article titled Goodbye, my dearest readers! on the front page and then the publication was stopped. The company was moved to Guangzhou and published another newspaper called Nanfang Daily.

This newspaper has nothing to do with Chinese Business View, a Shaanxi newspaper of the same Chinese name and is also sometimes translated as Hua Shang Daily.

title: Hua Shang Daily


text:
User:Szczels

User WPLondon

I'm seeded five Wikipedia pages:

Kennington Park & the related George Tinworth & Catchy Shubby Cricket

Recently seeded Brixton Artists Collective, Theory of Communicative Action Scratch Orchestra

I'm not a historian, although I do have a doctorate in cultural studies. I just lived in the area of Kennington Park for years and gradually came to uncover many interesting facts which are not at all obvious to the casual user of the park and kept an active Flickr photo blog about a year in Kennington Park (mainly 2006).

I have a YouTube channel.

The Wikipedia page on Catchy Shubby may have been erased by annoying racists but my video doc is here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnOTGbOybIk&t=67s

I have now extracted the summary of Habermas' Theory fo Communicative Action from my doctoral thesis at RCA London and added it The_Theory_of_Communicative_Action and something about him and Bourdieu (since erased! see discussion on Talk:Jürgen_Habermas page) Szczels (talk) 11:37, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Added a summary of Schells Unconquerable World Szczels (talk) 11:51, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Szczels 11:17, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC) Szczels 16:30, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) Szczels 13:44, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

I am currently keeping a Flickr blog of Thornton Heath, Surrey. A suburb between Croydon and London. http://www.flickr.com/photos/stefan-szczelkun/sets/72157600393876443/

an trying to find time and encouragement to keep up my Active Archive DVD publishing project Szczels (talk) 19:28, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

Completed a 3 year project 'Agit Disco' with publication of collectively authored book from Mute. http://www.metamute.org/shop/mute-books/agit-disco

2012 Just added a draft summary of  Jacques Rancière's Proletarian Nights : the workers dream in Nineteenth Century France . Szczels (talk) Szczels (talk) 16:00, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

2018 Got back into self publishing: http://stefan-szczelkun.blogspot.com/2018/04/buy-one-of-my-paperback-books-direct.html Szczels (talk) 17:11, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

2020 Just updated my password!! Szczels (talk) 12:13, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

title: User:Szczels


text: User talk:216.185.69.97

title: User talk:216.185.69.97


text:
Imperial, Pennsylvania

Imperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 2,722 at the 2020 census. The CDP is located in North Fayette and Findlay Townships, and geographically close to Pittsburgh International Airport.

History
Imperial was established as a mining town circa 1879 by the Imperial Coal Company. It sits along Montour Run on land that had been the farm of Robert Wilson. Known at first as Montour City, the town soon took the name of the coal company, with a post office under the name Imperial opening in 1880. The town and nearby mines were served by the Montour Railroad. The community was formerly part of the Imperial-Enlow CDP before splitting into two separate CDPs. In 2020, Amazon opened a large fulfillment center complex in Imperial off of Pennsylvania Route 576.

Geography
Imperial is located at 40.45361°N, -80.24972°W (40.4536 N, 80.2498 W). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, all land.

In terms of road access to Imperial, U.S. Route 30 passes through the middle of the township, with U.S. Route 22 and Interstate 376 providing expressway access to roads in Imperial. Additionally, the partially completed Pennsylvania Route 576 has an exit serving Imperial.

Demographics
As of the 2010 U.S. census, the population was 2,541, of whom 94 had been born outside of the United States, and 173 were veterans. a total of 85.9% of the population had a high school education or higher. The median age was 40.9 years. The median household income was $56,439. 6.3% of the population were below the poverty level.

Education
Children in Imperial are served by the West Allegheny School District. The current schools serving the community are:
 * Wilson Elementary School – grades K-5
 * West Allegheny Middle School – grades 6-8
 * West Allegheny Senior High School – grades 9-12

title: Imperial, Pennsylvania


text: File:Vanessa Carlton - Be Not Nobody.jpg