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Real Communist Party of India

Real Communist Party of India (alt. Realist Communist Party of India) was a political party in India which existed around 1991. Most probably it was a splinter group of Revolutionary Communist Party of India. The party ran in state assembly elections in West Bengal and Assam 1991. In the constituency Santipur, West Bengal the party candidate Asim Ghosh got 54 666 votes (42,79%), but was defeated by the Indian National Congress candidate Ajoy Dey. Ghosh had the support of the Left Front.

In Assam the party candidate Hali Rabha 488 votes (0,73%) in the constituency Chaygaon and in Jonay the party candidate Ayodhya Kumar Pegu got 564 votes (0,72%).

What then happened to the party is unclear, but most probably it was reunited with Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Asim Ghosh represented Revolutionary Communist Party of India in Santipur in the assembly elections 2001).

title: Real Communist Party of India


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Paul Häberlin

Paul Häberlin (17 February 1878, Kesswil – 29 September 1960, Basel) was a Swiss philosopher who at different times in his career took the standpoint that either religion or theoretical knowledge was the answer to human problems. He always gave philosophy an important role, but religion was to him the only way man could understand his real position in existence. Häberlin made contributions to characterology and psychotherapy, and was especially successful in treating psychopathic youth and teens. Made a full professor of philosophy, psychology and pedagogics at the University of Basel.

Psychology

 * Der Leib und die Seele (1923)
 * Der Geist und die Triebe: Eine Elementarpsychologie (1924)
 * Der Charakter (1925)
 * Leitfaden der Psychologie (1937)

Pedagogy

 * Das Ziel der Erziehung (1923)
 * Möglichkeit und Grenzen der Erziehung: Eine Darstellung der pädagogischen Situation (1936)
 * Allgemeine Pädagogik (1940)

Philosophy

 * Das Gute (1926)
 * Das Geheimnis der Wirklichkeit (1927)
 * Allgemeine Ästhetik (1929)
 * Das Wunderbare (1930)
 * Das Wesen der Philosophie: Eine Einführung (1934)
 * Naturphilosophische Betrachtungen I: Einheit und Vielheit (1939)
 * Naturphilosophische Betrachtungen II: Sein und Werden (1940)
 * Der Mensch: Eine philosophische Anthropologie (1941)
 * Logik im Grundriss (1947)
 * Philosophia Perennis: Eine Zusammenfassung (1952)

Theology

 * Das Evangelium und die Theologie (1956)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Paul Häberlin


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Paisco Loveno

Paisco Loveno (Camunian: Paísc Lóe) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy.

title: Paisco Loveno


text:
Differential pulse-code modulation

Differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) is a signal encoder that uses the baseline of pulse-code modulation (PCM) but adds some functionalities based on the prediction of the samples of the signal. The input can be an analog signal or a digital signal.

If the input is a continuous-time analog signal, it needs to be sampled first so that a discrete-time signal is the input to the DPCM encoder.
 * Option 1: take the values of two consecutive samples; if they are analog samples, quantize them; calculate the difference between the first one and the next; the output is the difference.
 * Option 2: instead of taking a difference relative to a previous input sample, take the difference relative to the output of a local model of the decoder process; in this option, the difference can be quantized, which allows a good way to incorporate a controlled loss in the encoding.

Applying one of these two processes, short-term redundancy (positive correlation of nearby values) of the signal is eliminated; compression ratios on the order of 2 to 4 can be achieved if differences are subsequently entropy coded because the entropy of the difference signal is much smaller than that of the original discrete signal treated as independent samples.

DPCM was invented by C. Chapin Cutler at Bell Labs in 1950; his patent includes both methods.

Option 1: difference between two consecutive quantized samples
The encoder performs the function of differentiation; a quantizer precedes the differencing of adjacent quantized samples; the decoder is an accumulator, which if correctly initialized exactly recovers the quantized signal.

Option 2: analysis by synthesis
The incorporation of the decoder inside the encoder allows quantization of the differences, including nonlinear quantization, in the encoder, as long as an approximate inverse quantizer is used appropriately in the receiver. When the quantizer is uniform, the decoder regenerates the differences implicitly, as in this simple diagram that Cutler showed:

title: Differential pulse-code modulation


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Category:Tungstate minerals

Tungstate minerals contain tungsten in the anion group WO42−.

title: Category:Tungstate minerals


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Paitone

Paitone (Brescian: Paitù) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

title: Paitone


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Dalit Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam

Dalit Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam (Dalit Popular Progressive Federation), political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party works for the rights of Dalits. The president of the party is Dalit Kudimagan. Dalit Kudimagan stood in the Lok Sabha elections 2004 from the constituency Madras Central and got 293 votes (0,06%). DMMK was a part of the Dalit third front in Tamil Nadu in the 2004 elections.

title: Dalit Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam


text: User talk:69.180.46.40

title: User talk:69.180.46.40


text:
Droitwich Canal

The Droitwich Canal is a synthesis of two canals in Worcestershire, England; the Droitwich Barge Canal and the Droitwich Junction Canal. The Barge Canal is a broad canal which opened in 1771 linking Droitwich Spa to the River Severn at Hawford Bottom Lock, Claines. The Droitwich Junction Canal is a narrow canal, opened in 1854, which linked Droitwich to the Worcester and Birmingham Canal. Both were built to carry salt, and were abandoned in 1939. They have been the subject of a restoration plan since 1973, and the Barge Canal was officially reopened in 2010, while the Junction Canal reopened in July 2011. Following the opening of the canal, ownership transferred to the newly created Canal and River Trust

History
Droitwich has been an important centre for the production of salt, obtained from natural brine springs, since before Roman times. In order to get the product to market, an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1662 to authorise improvements to the River Salwarpe, but the work was not completed, being abandoned in 1675. The improvements involved six locks on the river, of which five had been built when the scheme failed. Another Act of Parliament, obtained in the 1670s, authorised improvements to the Salwarpe and the River Stour, and although the promoters spent £4,000 on the scheme, another bill was put before Parliament in 1693, and a fourth attempt was made in 1703, but this was opposed by owners of the salt works. In 1747, Simon Wood again proposed making the river navigable, and in 1755 there was a scheme to construct a pipeline to carry the brine to Hawford on the River Severn, but both schemes foundered.

With salt production increasing, Droitwich Council asked James Brindley the canal engineer responsible for the Bridgewater Canal to survey a route from the town to the River Severn. This he did in 1767, and the following year an Act of Parliament was obtained to authorise the construction. This created The Company of Proprietors of the Droitwich Canal Navigation, who had powers to raise £33,400 by issuing shares, and an additional £20,000 if required. Although Brindley was officially "Inspector of the Works", he was busy building the Trent and Mersey Canal at the time, and so the contractor responsible for building the locks was sent by John Priddey, the resident engineer, to work with and be taught by Brindley. A working capital of £13,400 was raised by issuing 134 shares, mostly bought by local people, and construction started on 27 June 1768. As work proceeded, a further 66 shares were issued, raising another £6,600, and a loan of £3,500 was taken out, making the total cost of the project £23,500. The canal was constructed as a broad canal, capable of taking Severn Trows which were 14.5 ft wide and 64 ft long. Like most of Brindley's canals, it was a contour canal, following the contours as much as possible, to reduce the number of embankments and cuttings required, although there was an awkward bend near Salwarpe church, as the obvious route to the north of the building was specifically excluded by the Act. The canal was 5.7 mi long, and included eight locks, with a total fall of 56.5 ft. Because of the presence of brine springs, the water was salty, and did not support populations of fresh-water fish.

The official opening was on 12 March 1771, and the canal was a commercial success. The first dividend was paid in 1775 and by 1777 the £100 shares were trading at £160. A proposal in 1784 to link to the Stourbridge Canal caused disagreement among the shareholders, but the bill to construct the new canal and amalgamate the two companies failed. After the event, the company changed its rules on proxy voting, since it felt that some of those who had voted for amalgamation had not been shareholders, and therefore had not upheld the interests of the canal.

Operation
With the prospect of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal causing the profitability of the canal to suffer, the company negotiated a clause in the enabling Act for the new enterprise, that would guarantee a 5 per cent dividend on Droitwich shares. The agreement was made in March 1790, and as dividends had never been as high as 5 per cent, they started to claim the difference immediately, even though the new canal was not yet built. A claim was made every year, although the Worcester and Birmingham eventually declined to make payments, on the basis that the Droitwich was not encouraging trade sufficiently. The case went to court in 1808, and they had to pay. By November 1810, the Worcester and Birmingham took over the management of the canal, although little seems to have changed, for after an amalgamation attempt in 1821, which was abandoned when the landowner, Lord Somers, objected, the Droitwich company noted that the Worcester and Birmingham had often attempted to meddle in the management of the canal. The repeal of a tax on salt in 1822 and 1825 resulted in the company being able to pay 5 per cent dividends from the late 1820s out of revenue, and only a few claims to honour the guarantee were made subsequently.

The fortunes of the canal started to decline after 1830, when a source of brine was discovered at Stoke Prior, a village to the north east of Droitwich. Much of this was carried overland to the Worcester and Birmingham, where it was taken northwards, but tolls for its carriage on the River Severn were also negotiated so that the price of the product in Gloucester and Bristol was competitive with that using the Droitwich Canal. The coming of the railways took further trade away, although it particularly affected salt from Stoke Prior, and in order to eliminate the overland carriage of both salt and coal, an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1852 for the construction of the Droitwich Junction Canal, to connect the barge canal to Hanbury Wharf on the Worcester and Birmingham. The company who built it was in theory independent, but the intent was that the Worcester and Birmingham would lease it once it was finished, at a rate which would pay a 5 per cent dividend. They also leased the barge canal from 1853 for 21 years.

In order to make it easier to compete with the railways, the locks on the barge canal were lengthened, so that coal could be carried up the River Severn and through both canals without having to be transhipped to shorter boats. This work was completed by mid-1854, and the Junction Canal was opened in late 1854. Built as a narrow canal, suitable for boats which were 7 ft wide, it was one of the last canals to be built in the Canal Mania era. It was 1.75 mi long and included another six locks, the final one of which connected the canal to the River Salwarpe. After 160 yd on the river, the original sluice through which the barge canal was supplied with water had been converted to a wide lock, which enabled boats from the barge canal to use the river to reach a salt works situated above Chapel Bridge. The Barge Lock was 75 by, and had four sets of gates, so that it could be used whatever the level of the river. Subsidence beneath it was a problem, as it had to be rebuilt in 1875/6 and 1903, the first time to raise it by 9 ft and the second to raise it another 5 ft. The main cargo on both canals was always salt.

Decline
With their financial position worsening, the Worcester and Birmingham Canal received an offer from three railway contractors to buy the canal and the Junction Canal, to convert them into railways. The canal company accepted the offer, but when a bill was submitted to Parliament in 1866, it was defeated, as was a second attempt the following year. In September 1873, the Worcester and Birmingham Canal received an offer from the Sharpness New Docks Company to take over the canal and both Droitwich Canals. An Act of Parliament was obtained to authorise the takeover in 1874, and the new company became the Sharpness New Docks & Gloucester & Birmingham Navigation Company. They set to work improving the Worcester and Birmingham route, but soon realised that the canal was not profitable. Despite this, they dredged 73,000 tons of mud from the Droitwich Canals in 1881, and altered the upper cills of the locks in 1888-9, to give a navigable depth of 6 ft. The locks were then 77 by, and could accommodate boats of 115 tons. By 1906, the costs of maintenance on both canals exceeded the income, and they gradually decayed. Finally, an Act of Abandonment was obtained in July 1939. The last boat to use the barge canal had done so in 1916, while the Junction Canal had not seen any traffic since 1928.

Restoration
The problem of what to do with the canals was regularly debated by Droitwich Borough Council in 1963, and a campaign for their restoration was started by Max Sinclair, who suggested that restoration could be completed in under two years. The council realised the potential amenity value of the canal, and the concept was aired in the Worcester Evening News, which carried an illustrated article on 14 June 1966. A restoration group was formed in 1969, as part of a national drive by the Inland Waterways Association called Safeguarding Britain's Waterways, which led to the formation in 1973 of the Droitwich Canals Trust, a limited company with local authority support, which began to work towards the restoration of the canal. On 27–28 October 1973 The Droitwich Dig, organized by the Waterway Recovery Group, gathered together the largest number of volunteers then ever assembled at a restoration site. In 1975, the canal was one of thirteen to benefit from the Job Creation Scheme, set up by the Manpower Services Commission, which provided paid workers to work on restoration and maintenance.

Funding came from various sources. These included £200,000 from Wychavon District Council in 1980, which funded work in Vines Park, including a mooring basin, while a new swing bridge was funded by an award from Shell. The following year, the Manpower Services Commission provided 15 workers with a budget of £19,000 for materials. The section of the barge canal through Vines Park was opened in October 1986, enabling the Trust's trip-boat to provide longer trips. An engineering feasibility study was carried out in 1994, which concluded that restoration was certainly possible, and would bring with it economic benefits to the region. It was presented to a packed meeting, at which the problems of passing beneath the A449 at Hawford and of ensuring an adequate water supply were identified. The scheme had the support of the local authorities, who were keen to identify sources of funding, without which the restoration was unlikely to be completed.

In 2002, British Waterways held their Unlocked and Unlimited conference, which identified that completion of the Droitwich scheme would require some £9.5 million. Two years later, the Heritage Lottery Fund awarded £4.6 million for the project, with other funding provided by Advantage West Midlands and the local councils. As part of this, British Waterways took over the lease of the canals from the Canal Trust. A Planning Application for the restoration was submitted by British Waterways on behalf of the Droitwich Canals Restoration Partnership in April 2007, by which time a total of £10.5 million had been promised, some of which was dependent on match funding, and the Restoration Partnership needed to raise £1 million in order to release the other funding.

The project was planned to take two years, with both of the Droitwich Canals completely restored and reopened in 2009. Although the majority of the 7 mi length of the canals was still in existence, a 550 yd stretch between the M5 motorway and Hanbury Locks had to be completely rebuilt. The existing culvert for the Body Brook has been used to allow the canal to pass under the motorway.

The Barge Canal and the Junction Canal have been connected together by canalising a 600 yd stretch of the River Salwarpe through the centre of Droitwich. The course of the river has been made wider and deeper, and a weir has been constructed adjacent to the new lock 7, to maintain the water levels. In order to minimise the mixing of canal water with river water, a pipeline has been built under the towpath, running from just above lock 7 to just below the Barge Lock. The river improvements were to be partially funded by a Section 106 agreement, as part of a housing development along the river bank, but the withdrawal of the developer from the scheme resulted in delays, which put back the full opening of the canal. The Droitwich Barge Canal opened officially on 11 September 2010, and the whole canal was completed by mid-2011, with the official opening held on 1 July.

title: Droitwich Canal


text:
George S. Griggs

George S. Griggs (1805-1870) was a pioneer master mechanic in the earliest days of railroading in the United States.

Griggs, like other mechanics of his age, learned the art of machining at Locks and Canals Machine Shop. In 1834 the Boston and Providence (B&P) railroad hired Griggs as their master mechanic, where he spent the remainder of his career.

1845 saw Griggs building his first locomotive, a 4-4-0 named Norfolk, at the railroad shops where he worked in Roxbury. Griggs oversaw the construction of nearly twenty more locomotives that used designs and technology from Norfolk.

While employed at the railroad, Griggs filed several patents of his own design for items as varied as brake systems, driving wheels, and the firebrick arch. His designs were so successful that the B&P continued building locomotives to his designs for a few years after his death in 1870.

title: George S. Griggs


text:
Talk:Province of Hejaz

Should this and Hejaz be merged? Or at least cross-linked? —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 22:52, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Province of Hejaz


text:
Bread machine

A bread making machine or breadmaker is a home appliance for baking bread. It consists of a bread pan (or "tin"), at the bottom of which are one or more built-in paddles, mounted in the center of a small special-purpose oven. The machine is usually controlled by a built-in computer using settings input via a control panel. Most bread machines have different cycles for different kinds of dough—including white bread, whole grain, European-style (sometimes labelled "French"), and dough-only (for pizza dough and shaped loaves to be baked in a conventional oven). Many also have a timer to allow the bread machine to function without operator input, and some high-end models allow the user to program a custom cycle.

History
Although bread machines for mass production had been previously made for industrial use, the first self-contained breadmaker for household use was released in Japan in 1986 by the Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (now Panasonic) based on research by project engineers and software developer Ikuko Tanaka, who trained with the head baker at Osaka International Hotel to learn how to optimally knead bread; this machine had special ribs inside it.

A decade later the machines had become popular in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. While not viable for commercial use due to the fixed loaf shape and the limited duty cycle, bread machines are suitable for home use, producing their best results when dealing with kneaded doughs.

Use and features
To create a loaf of bread, ingredients are measured into the bread pan in a specified order (usually liquids first, with solid ingredients layered on top) and the pan is then placed in the breadmaker. The order of ingredients is important because the instant yeast used in bread machines is activated by contact with water, so the yeast and the water must be kept apart until the program starts.

The machine takes a few hours to make a loaf of bread. The ingredients are first rested and brought up to optimal temperature. The ingredients are then turned into a dough by stirring with a paddle. The dough is then proofed using temperature control and then baked.

Once the bread has been baked, the pan is removed from the breadmaker. The shape of the finished loaf is often considered unusual, with many early bread machines producing a vertically oriented, square or cylindrical loaf very different from commercial breads; however, more recent units generally have a more traditional-appearing horizontal pan. Some bread machines use the standard rectangle shape using two paddles. One Zojirushi model has a heating element in the lid to brown the crust.

Bread machine recipes are often somewhat smaller than standard bread recipes, and are sometimes standardized based on the capacity of the machine's pan; most common in the United States market are 1.5 lb/700 g units, and the majority of recipes are written for that capacity; however, 2 lb/900 g units are not uncommon. Packaged bread mixes are available, specifically designed for breadmakers, containing premeasured ingredients including flour and yeast, as well as flavorings and occasionally dough conditioners. Only water usually needs to be added. Bread machines generally do not deal well with non-wheat flours, so any recipe that requires a substantial addition of a grain such as rye or corn that lacks gluten will prove difficult at best in a bread machine, as will any dough with unusually large amounts of liquid (such as ciabatta).

Generally, homemade bread goes stale faster than bread from a commercial baker because the former does not include preservatives. However, it is possible (though a bit more difficult) to use a natural leaven or a pre-ferment in breadmaker dough recipes if the starter is sufficiently fast to rise. Sourdough contains a symbiotic culture of yeast and Lactobacteria; the yeast provides some flavor as well as carbon dioxide to provide lift, while lactic acid produced by sourdough's lactobacteria greatly preserves bread, as well as affecting its flavor, while pre-ferments provide some of the same benefits as a sourdough culture with the greater predictability of domesticated baker's yeast.

Breadmakers are often equipped with a timer to control when the breadmaking begins. This allows them, for example, to be loaded in the evening but only begin baking early in the morning, to produce a freshly baked loaf for breakfast. They can also be set only to make dough, for instance to be used to make pizza. Some can also be set to make other things besides bread, such as jam, pasta dough, udon or mochi, a kind of Japanese rice cake. One of the most recent innovations is the facility to add nuts and fruit during the kneading process automatically from a tray.

Traditionally, breadmakers take between three and four hours to bake a loaf. However recently "fast bake" modes have become common additions, many of which are able to produce a loaf in under an hour.

Some breadmakers sold in the 1990s had vertical pans, some horizontal. Today, the vast majority available retail make horizontal loaves. For that reason, they produce a smaller, shorter loaf than their predecessors. It is more difficult to mix a long, horizontal loaf because the ends are distant from the mixer-paddle and gravity does not assist the distribution of the dough. Some machines attempt a better kneading by using two paddles, one at each end. The vertical loaf machine may require a higher powered motor, because the entire mass of the dough-ball is on the paddle as it kneads the dough against the nearby sides of the loaf pan.

title: Bread machine


text:
Talk:Hejaz

Untitled
Should this and Province of Hejaz be merged? Or at least cross-linked? —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 22:51, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Emmadecter.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:16, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

northwest of Saudi Arabia?
From a map, I get the assumption that Hejaz is actually in west of Saudi Arabia, not its northwest (try to find Jeddah and Makkah). Should I correct? roozbeh 13:39, Jan 8, 2005 (UTC)

I don't think that Hejaz should be merged with, or put under Saudi Arabia or Western Saudi Arabian Provinces, because it is a historical entity, and it would be more confusing becuase the modern Saudi western provinces do not reflect the borders of the Hijaz in say, 1924. It's just a personal preference though... Adil June 27th, 2006 (BST)

 * I agree with Adil. Wikipedia has many comparable examples like this; for example, there are separate articles on Palestine (the historical region), the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority (modern political entities), and the Palestinian territories (a modern subdivision of historic Palestine). QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 22:43, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Hijaz or Hejaz?
"Hijaz" turns up more often than "Hejaz" on Google, so maybe the article should be called "Hijaz"? Right now I am merging the article on Hejazi script into Hijazi. Cvereb (talk) 23:27, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * hejaz +saudi arabia gets more ghits than hijaz +saudi arabia. Hijaz is the transcription based on standard Arabic phonology but Hejaz appears to be the English name of the city. —Wiki Wikardo 09:21, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Flag of Ottoman Empire
The flag given in the page is not a flag of Ottoman Empire. So, it should be modified.Egeymi (talk) 11:28, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * There is an article on the Ottoman flag, where various option are shown, including the one used here.-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 17:21, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The flag given in the page Ottoman flag states "it is the last flag of the Ottoman Empire from 1844 to 1923 was adopted with the Tanzimat reforms as the first official Ottoman national flag". However, the Ottoman period of Hejaz begins in 1517. So I think the flag of that period should be used on the Hejaz page. Thanks for your interest, anyway. Egeymi (talk) 18:09, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

On the coast or not?
The Hejaz article says Tihamah is to the west of Hejaz, and the Tihamah page shows Tihamah as a narrow coastal strip.

However, the map on the Hejaz page looks as if the territory of Hejaz goes to the coast.

It seems to me that the map on the Hijaz page needs clarification.

Nat (talk) 16:33, 6 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I also find this confusing. Is Hejaz and Tihamah the same? At least get the impression that there is an overlap. Hejaz seems to go a bit further into the land and not covering the southern coast, but the map is really very confusing. --Oddeivind (talk) 07:31, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * , Hijaz means several different things. It's a range of mountains, it's an administrative region (which is what this page is about), it was a kingdom, and so on. The range of mountains is separated from the Red Sea by the Tihamah, a coastal strip of varying width. The geographical region includes that strip, and so reaches the coast. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:52, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks for the info. --Oddeivind (talk) 09:53, 14 January 2017 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Hejaz
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Hejaz's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "hawarey": From Caravan raids: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic. English version here From Expedition of Qatan: Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here  From Expedition of Al Raji: Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here From Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma): Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here

Reference named "Mubarakpuri p. 147": From Muhajirun: Mubarakpuri, Sealed Nectar, P 147

From Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid: Mubarakpuri, When the Moon Split, p. 147.

Reference named "Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127":

From List of expeditions of Muhammad: Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. (online)

From Muhajirun: Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127

From Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid: Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar (Free Version), p. 127.

Reference named "Haykal 1976":

From Al Kudr Invasion:

From Invasion of Buwat:

From Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa:

From Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais:

From Caravan raids:

From Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa:

From Invasion of Banu Qurayza:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 12:07, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

Unnecessary duplication
There is a section :

"In modern Saudi Arabia "Due to the presence of two holy cities in Hejaz, the region went under numerous empires throughout its modern history. Hijaz was later at the centre of the Caliphate, before its capital was moved to Damascus. The region was then under the control of regional powers such as Egypt and the Ottoman Empire through much of its later history, after which the Hejaz had a brief period of political independence in the early 20th century."

- this seems to largely duplicate the previous sections. I will try to move anything that needs keeping. -- Beardo (talk) 23:55, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Biased edits by users who do not agree with the Islamic point-of-view
I have noticed a biased edit by someone who disagrees with the Islamic POV of this being the Desert of Paran, or its region. The purpose of this article is not necessarily to disagree with the Islamic POV, or indeed, the non-Islamic POV of what exactly the Desert of Paran refers to, so if anyone disagrees with it, then that person should keep it to himself or herself, and not vandalize this page, or other pages, to reflect his or her POV. Leo1pard (talk) 13:40, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Hejaz. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131115051640/http://www.relooney.info/SI_Milken-Arabia/0-Important_14.pdf to http://www.relooney.info/SI_Milken-Arabia/0-Important_14.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch4s4.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150415152209/http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/sultanbrunei.htm to http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/sultanbrunei.htm

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Page views
Leo1pard (talk) 18:01, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Al Saud are the descended of Najad tribesmen.
Al Saud are of Najd tribes and follower of Imam Wahhabi (R). Hijazian are the tribes of prophet ismail (As) and subsequently the tribes of quarish. They follow sunniism. Al Saud should accomosate original macca tribes in ruling hajaz as well as Macca and Madina. Shafiqur Mazumdar (talk) 06:28, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

in line 3 from bottom the word be read as accommodate in stead of original. Shafiqur Mazumdar (talk) 06:34, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Arafat and Muzdalifah
I've been to the area myself, and I can tell you that the top photo is of Arafat with An-Namirah Mosque in the background, not Muzdalifah with Al-Mash‘ar Al-Ḥarām (ٱلْـمَـشْـعَــر الْـحَـرَام). Leo1pard (talk) 05:17, 7 October 2018 (UTC)

Map
I am wondering what is the source of the map shown on this article? It looks a little too specific, but I couldn't find where it came from. Jun221 (talk) 00:34, 7 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hejaz


text:
Palazzolo sull'Oglio

Palazzolo sull'Oglio (Brescian and Bergamasque: Palasöl; locally Palahöl) is a city and comune in the Province of Brescia, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is located south of Lake Iseo, bordering the Province of Bergamo, and has a population of 20,208. It is the fifth largest city in the Province, after Brescia, Desenzano del Garda, Montichiari and Lumezzane.

History
The town was founded on the banks of the river Oglio. The first references to the name "Palazzolo" date to 830 AD. Palazzolo was a fundamental industrial centre of Italy at the end of the 19th century (Marzoli, Lanfranchi, Italcementi, Ferrari) and the city was known as the small Italian Manchester. On 24 August 1954, the town was celebrated as a city with a presidential decree. The Tower of the People, the symbol of the city, was built between 1813 and 1830 and today is the highest round tower in Italy, 85 metres high and 7 metres of statue on top. The Roman bridge, in the city centre, is the oldest building of Palazzolo, dating back to the 4th century.

Main sights

 * The Tower of the People (Torre del Popolo).
 * The Castle.
 * The Roman Bridge.
 * The Ancient Pieve (Antica Pieve).
 * The cathedral (Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta).
 * The three Kupfer villas (Le ville Kupfer).

Transport
From Palazzolo, it is very easy to get to the main cities and towns throughout Italy. The train station is not far from the centre and operates on the Bergamo–Brescia railway. Milan and Venice can be reached by train changing in Bergamo or in Brescia. The A4 motorway, an important Italian route, has an exit called Palazzolo, which is actually in the north of the town. The nearest International Airport is Orio al Serio International Airport, just 15 minutes by car.

Sports
Founded in 1913, the football association for the town is Associazione Calcio Palazzolo (Palazzolo Football Association). They play in the local stadium, Stadio Comunale, which holds up to 4,500 people.

People

 * Durante Duranti, cardinal and bishop (16th century)
 * Paolo Gorini, scientist
 * Maurizio Belpietro, journalist and television presenter
 * Luisa Corna, singer and TV presenter
 * Irene Fargo, singer

title: Palazzolo sull'Oglio


text:
Vladimir Bakarić

Vladimir Bakarić (8 March 1912 – 16 January 1983) was a Yugoslav and Croatian communist revolutionary and a politician.

Political career
Bakarić helped to organise the partisan resistance in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. From 1948 to 1969, he was the chairman of the League of Communists of Croatia and as such was a close collaborator of President Josip Broz Tito. Even after stepping down from the top post in communist hierarchy in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, he retained much influence and was even considered to be the most influential politician in Croatia.

From 1964 to 1974, he was a member of the Council of the Federation, and since 1974 he has been a member of the Presidency of the SFRY, where he served as vice president from May 15, 1975, to May 15, 1976, and was re-elected to that position in May 1982.

Together with Edvard Kardelj, he belonged to the more liberal wing of the Yugoslav political elite and was known for his statement on the need to "federate the federation" (federiranje federacije), a reference to the struggle between Yugoslav unitarists, who advocated giving more powers to the central government, and federalists, who wanted to shift power to the republics. However, Bakarić was usually extremely careful in his public pronouncements on policy and wary of radical statements.

title: Vladimir Bakarić