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Twelfth grade

Twelfth grade (also known as 12th grade, grade 12, senior year, or class 12) is the twelfth year of formal or compulsory education. It is typically the final year of secondary school and K–12 in most parts of the world. Students in twelfth grade are usually 17–18 years old. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade/year at all.

Australia
In Australia, the twelfth grade is referred to as Year 12. In New South Wales, students are usually 16 or 17 years old when they enter Year 12 and 17 or 18 years during graduation (end of year). A majority of students in Year 12 work toward getting an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank). Up until the start of 2020 the OP (Overall Position, which applies only to students in the state of Queensland) was used. Both of these allow/allowed them access to courses at university. In Western Australia, this is achieved by completing the WACE; in South Australia, this is achieved by completing the SACE; in Victoria, this is achieved by completing the VCE; in the Australian Capital Territory, this is achieved by completing the AST and in New South Wales this is achieved by completing the HSC.

In New South Wales, when completing the [HSC], students are required to satisfactorily complete at least 10 units of study in ATAR courses which must include:
 * eight units from Category A courses
 * two units of English
 * three Board Developed courses of two units or greater
 * four subjects

Some Year 12s may receive a Year 12 Jersey. Schools choose the design, colors, and writing which are printed or stitched onto the jersey. Sometimes the last two digits of the year they are graduating are printed on the back (for example, "12" for 2012 school leavers) along with a personalized nickname or surname. The front may show the school emblem and the student's name, which is occasionally stitched in.

Many schools conduct end of year "formals" (similar to a senior prom). They are held from any time between graduation from September to November. Australian private schools often conduct Year 12 Formals in January or February of Year 12 instead of an end of year formal.

Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, educational institutions offering the 11th–12th grade education are known as colleges. In the 12th grade, students study in one of the three streams: science, humanities, and business studies. After completing 12th grade, they have to sit for the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) examinations.

Belgium
In Belgium, the 12th grade is called 6de middelbaar or laatste jaar in Dutch, rhéto or 6e secondaire in French. This is the final year of secondary education. If you succeed in completing it and after a final exam, you receive a diploma. This is needed if you want to proceed to higher education.

Brazil
In Brazil, the twelfth grade is the "terceiro ano do ensino médio", meaning "third grade of high school", being the last grade of high school. It is typically attended by 17–18 years old students. During this grade, most students apply in the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, and exame vestibular, the entrance examinations to education institutions.

Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, the twelfth grade is the last year of high school. Twelfth-grade students tend to be 18 years old. After the successful completion of grade 12, students sit for state matriculation exams. The compulsory state matriculation exams are two. One of them must be in Bulgarian Language and Literature, and the other one depends on what subjects were taught during the last 2 years.

Canada
In Canada, the twelfth grade is referred to as Grade 12. Students generally enter their Grade-12 year when they are 16-or 17-years old. If they are 16-years old, they will be turning 17 by December 31 of that year; thus, students in Canada generally graduate high school at 17-or 18-years old. In many Canadian high schools, students in their Grade-12 year hold a series of fundraisers, grade-class trips, and other social events. Grade-12 Canadian students attend Graduation which usually involves an official ceremony.

Quebec is the only province that does not have Grade 12; its students finish secondary school at the equivalent of Grade 11, and then do 2 years of college before going to university. Thus, when a student is in Grade 12 in Ontario, for instance, the student in Quebec is in their first year of college.

Ontario previously had Grade 13 from 1921 to 1988, at which point it was replaced by the Ontario Academic Credit (OAC). While the Ontario Academic Credit was technically optional and not required in order to receive an Ontario Secondary School Diploma, it was required to enter university. The OAC was phased out in 2003, leaving Grade 12 as the final year of secondary education for all Ontario students.

Newfoundland and Labrador did not introduce Grade 12 until 1983.

Denmark
In Denmark, the twelfth grade is called the 3.g ("the 3rd G"), and is the third and final year of secondary school (Gymnasium). Secondary school is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory through 9th grade. Students are often 18-19 or older when they finish secondary school. This high age of graduation can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, Danish children start school at the age of 6. Secondly, it is fairly common in Denmark to take a one year-gap between the 9th grade and 1.g (the first year of secondary school) to either go to special art- or sports-oriented boarding school, called Efterskole, or to go abroad as a 10th grade exchange student. A concept similar to the Efterskole exists for secondary school graduates: Højskole. Combined with the common Danish practice of taking one or several gap-years (or Sabbaticals) between secondary school and university for working and traveling, comparatively few students attend higher education directly after Gymnasium.

Finland
The twelfth grade is the third and usually last year (a fourth-year is possible) of high school or secondary school (or Gymnasium). The students graduate from high school at around 18, with some 17 or 19. The twelfth grade is shorter than previous because the twelfth graders' lessons end in February and they go on to take their final exams shortly afterward. Compulsory education ends after the twelfth grade, and it is completely optional for a student to continue into fourth-year.

France
The equivalent grade in France is Terminale. It is the third and last year of lycée (the French equivalent to high school), whereby students must sit a test called the Baccalauréat to complete the year. French-language schools that teach the French government curriculum (i.e. are part of the AEFE network) use the same system of grades as their French counterparts. This is not compulsory, as education in France is only compulsory until students turn 16.

Germany
In Germany, students wishing to take the Abitur usually had to attend the thirteenth grade, but most states are shortening the Gymnasium (the university-bound secondary school system in Germany) from nine to eight years. The recent tendency is re-introduction of the thirteenth year, as in Bavaria.

Greece
In Greece, the twelfth (12th) grade is called the third year of lyceum school or high school or upper secondary school (Triti Lykeiou – Τρίτη Λυκείου).

Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, 12th grade is called Form 6. Form 6 students are required to take the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education, also known as HKDSE.

Hungary
In Hungary, students take a national exam called érettségi (lit. "maturity test") at the end of their 12th grade, except for certain vocational schools, where they only take a vocational exam. The érettségi exam consists of standard school subjects, everyone has to take an exam of literature and grammar, mathematics, and history, and they have to choose 2 other subjects, one of which has to be a foreign language, and, in most vocational schools, the other is a mixed test of vocational knowledge.

12th-grade students often participate in graduation ceremonies before the érettségi exam. In most schools, there is a full-day ceremony on Friday or Saturday before the exam, which is called ballagás (lit. "going away", or "exiting"). In many schools, students attend other ceremonies during their 12th grade as well. For example, many schools hold a szalagavató event (lit. "ribbon commencement") at the beginning of the school year, where 12th graders receive a ribbon or a similar emblem with the name of their high school and the beginning and closing year of their studies there, which they later wear on their coats. 12th-grade students also often visit their teachers before the final exam, traditionally in the evening, either at their home or in the school, to sing them in the street below, and say farewell. This tradition is simply called szerenád. They also often take choir rehearsals before to learn how to sing together.

India
In India, the Twelfth Grade is the final year of higher secondary education and it is also the final year of High School in almost in all National and State Boards in India and In some State Boards in India it is the second year of Junior College. The twelfth grade is also commonly known as "Class 12" or "Plus 2". Generally Twelfth Grade which is known as "+2" originates from the term "10+2". It is also called as “Intermediate 2nd Year” (Intermediate Course), "HSC" (Higher Secondary Certificate), "SYJC" (Second Year Junior College), “2nd PUC”(2nd Year Pre- University Course) in different regions and states. Also students in Class 12 write board exams at the end of every academic year which is conducted by various National and State Boards of India in order to gain the admission for higher education in various Universities across the globe. In India, most states consisting of school educational boards like national and state boards (i.e. CBSE, CISCE, NIOS and different state boards) provide schooling till Class 12th and it is the final year of school except these states(Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Maharashtra, Bihar) where these state boards provide schooling only till Class 10th and the students have to apply to Junior Colleges or Pre-University Colleges or Else have to join High School which is affiliated to CBSE, CISCE & NIOS to complete their Class 11th and Class 12th. Students entering Class 12 are usually 16–18 years old. The CBSE and CISCE boards issue course and examination guidelines for Class 10 and 12 nationally, while the various state boards operate at the state-level.

Students participate in a party organized by the school and junior college in some regions and states known as Farewell Function, quite similar to prom, at the end of the session.

After finishing Class 12th, students usually apply for entrance examinations for entry get into these many popular Bachelor's Courses like Medicine (MBBS), Engineering (BE/BTech), Bachelor of Architecture (BArch), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Commerce (BCom), Bachelor of Arts (BA) and various other Bachelor's Courses. Entrance exams usually consist of multiple-choice-questions and are conducted at national and state levels. Additionally, some institutions hold their own entrance tests. After 3 (in some courses 4 and sometimes 5) years of Bachelor's course, they get a bachelor's degree and are eligible to pursue a master's degree or doctoral degree at 21 ( or 22) years of age.

Indonesia
In Indonesia, the twelfth grade is the third and last year of High School. High school graduates can continue their education to college or go straight to work. In the past, Indonesian students used to take a final nation-wide exam for both graduation requirements and college admissions. As per 2020, this particular national exam is no longer put to use. Instead, twelfth-graders who wish to proceed with college can take an entrance exam, while those who do not can simply not take the exam. One school year in Indonesia spans from July to June, but students in their final year usually finish school in April, letting them to prepare for the college entrance exam which is usually held in May, with acceptance letters being handed out in June.

Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, it is the sixth and final year of Secondary School, referred to as Sixth Year (for 17-18-year-olds), in which students take the Leaving Certificate Examinations. Students usually attend a dance or formal party at the end of this year before they move on to third-level education or start their adult lives: this is known as a Debs or Grad and is similar to prom in the United States.

Israel
In Israel, the twelfth grade is the Third and last year of High School. Students typically begin this grade when they are about 17 years old, and in order to graduate, they have to pass and get a Bagrut certificate.

Italy
In Italy, the twelfth grade is the fourth year of high school (which is called "Scuola Superiore" or "Scuola secondaria di secondo grado"). There are five years of high school total, sometimes grouped in different ways (2+3, 2+1+2), depending on the type of high school the student is attending. To earn a diploma, students take an exam, the Esame di Stato, in the fifth year of high school, de facto the thirteenth grade.

Kuwait
In Kuwait, the twelfth grade is the third and final year of High School. Students in Grade 12 are typically either 17 or 18 and if a student wishes to continue with higher education in Kuwait they must take the Qudrat exam. Additionally, Kuwait does have schools that provide a 13th year for students wanting to travel to the United Kingdom.

Lebanon
In Lebanon, twelfth grade is the third year of high school, also referred to as the third year of higher secondary education, the class of seniors, or the last class of the school. Students in twelfth grade in Lebanon are between the ages of 17 and 18.

Malaysia
In Malaysia, the 12th grade is also known as Form 6 in a secondary school which is further divided into Lower 6 and Upper 6. The students at this stage are 18 years old and will usually complete their schooling at 19 years old. Students generally complete their schooling at 17, or Form 5, however Form 6 is an option for students to pursue after Form 5, among other options such as matriculation, and other pre-university courses. Students who take Form 6 have to sit for the Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia (STPM) Examinations, which shares many similarities with the A-Level Examinations.

Mexico
In Mexico, the twelfth grade is the last year of high school, where students are normally aged 17–18. As in Mexico, the education is divided in "primaria" (6 years), "secundaria" (3 years) and "preparatoria" or "bachillerato" (3 years), the twelfth grade is usually called "tercero de preparatoria" (third grade of preparatory) or "Quinto y Sexto Semestre" (Fifth and Sixth Semester).

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, senior year is named by the school level. From low to high: "VMBO", "HAVO" and "VWO". VMBO is composed of four years, with 12th grade being the fourth (4th) and final year. A higher school level is the HAVO, which lasts for five years. The highest school level is VWO, which lasts for six years. So at the HAVO, students are considered senior if they are in "5th class", whereas at VWO, in "6th class" respectively. The last year mainly focuses on preparing for the final exams, after which students should be ready to go to college or university. Usually, 4th and 5th grade students are aged 16 to 17 and those who are in 6th grade usually are aged 17 to 18.

New Zealand
In New Zealand, 12th grade is known as Year 13 (New Zealand students attend 13 years of school, starting at the age of 5). Students in Year 13 are usually 17–18 years old. This is the last year of secondary school. In Year 13, students complete NCEA Level 3, which involves getting a certain number of 'credits' from different external exams and other internal assessments. Students must gain 80 achieved credits or higher (20 of which are taken from Level 2) to pass the year.

Norway
In Norway, 12th grade does not officially exist, but its equivalent is the 2nd grade of secondary school or gymnasium. This is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory until 10th grade.

Courses vary as students choose a specific program in 1st grade of secondary school or gymnasium. Examples of programs are General Studies, Media and Communication, Health and Care, Industrial work, Design and craftsmanship, economics, or agriculture. There are 12 national programs, where 9 will get the students ready for work, and 3 will prepare the students for more advanced studies. Two of the vocational programs (media and communication, and agriculture) may also prepare the students for more advanced studies if taken the third year.

Pakistan
In Pakistan, the twelfth grade is the second year of college (the first being the eleventh grade) and is equivalently called the "second year." Students who graduate from the second year are normally between 17 and 18 years old. For entrance into universities, students undergo standardized exams like ECAT, MDCAT and exams conducted by the NTS.

Philippines
In the Philippines, Grade 12 is the final year of Senior High School and High School curriculum under the new K–12 that was first implemented on April 24, 2012, as part of the curriculum's 9-year implementation process from May 20, 2008 to June 5, 2017. It is also the last year of high school, and the basic and compulsory education in the country before graduates choose to enter tertiary education (e.g. college or university, which are both used interchangeably), entrepreneurship, or employment. Students are usually 17–18 years old.

As a result of incomplete transition after World War II, the K–10 system was used for 72 years from May 28, 1945 until the implementation of K–12 curriculum on Grade 6 on June 5, 2017, which consisted of one-year non-compulsory preschool education, six-year compulsory elementary education and four-year compulsory high school education. Stage also had a different numbering system and students graduated at 4th Year (Ika-apat na Taon). The historic 4th Year is equivalent to Form 4 in neighboring Malaysia, tenth grade in North America, and Year Eleven in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, with the term was used until June 1, 2015, when it changed to Grade 10 due to the implementation process of K–12.

The last school year to fully use the 1945–2017, or K–10 system, was SY 2011–2012. Kindergarten was made obligatory, which served as a requirement for the implementation of K–12 and process of phasing out the K–10 on April 24, 2012, and part of the K–12's 9-year implementation process. The other grades are still the same as before (Grade 1 to Fourth Year), while the last to use this system is SY 2016–2017. By the said school year, Grade 6 is the only grade that is still under the 1945 K–10 system, while the rest are now under K–12.

Subjects on Grade 12 are enrolled on a semestral basis as in Grade 11. Afterwards, Grade 12 students will take the last National Achievement Test called the Basic Education Exit Assessment, although this is not a requirement for graduation or college enrollment. Finally, graduation rites are held, being the next grade to do so after Grade 6 for elementary school graduates.

Students also start at the young age of 16–17 years old more often in female than male students.

Portugal
In Portugal, the 12th grade is considered the last year of compulsory education and the last year of high school. Students choose 5 out of a wide range of subjects, with physical education being mandatory. Out of the other four, two of them are the subjects that will be evaluated in their final exams or national exams (exams national), one must be considered a branch of either of the two subjects that have been already evaluated in the 11th grade national exams, and the last can be a broadening of an already studied subject or a whole new one. The obligatory subjects (submitted to Nacional exams) depend on the field the student chose to study in the 10th grade: arts; science and technologies (best known as science); socioeconomic sciences (economy); humanistic and linguistic sciences (humanities) or a professional/technical course. Even inside a field, you can opt between specifics (subjects, whose exam is compulsory to a certain college course application), depending on what the student intends to study in college and on which university they plan to attend.

South Africa
In South Africa, Grade 12 is the final year of high school. It is more commonly referred to as matric, which is itself short for matriculation. (See Matriculation in South Africa).

At the end of Grade 12, students are said to be matriculated. This also refers to the minimum requirement for progressing to University. On average, Grade 12 students start the year at 17 and turn 18 within the time leading up to matriculation.

Spain
The closest equivalent to twelfth grade in Spain is the second year of Bachillerato, usually a preparation for college.

Sweden
In Sweden, the twelfth grade does not officially exist, but its equivalent is the 2nd grade of secondary school or gymnasium. This is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory until 9th grade.

Courses vary as students choose a specific program in 1st grade of secondary school or gymnasium. Examples of programs are Nature and Science, Humanities, Arts, Economics, Health and care, Industry. There are 18 national programs, where 12 of them will get the students ready for work, and 6 will prepare the students for more advanced studies.

Students graduate at 18 or 19.

Turkey
In Turkey, 12th grade is the last year of high school and compulsory education. In June, students who are interested to go to college take a test named Temel Yeterlilik Testi (TYT)(Basic Sufficiency Test). In this exam, students have to answer 120 questions (40 Turkish, 30 Maths, 10 Geometry, 5 History, 5 Geography, 5 Philosophy, 5 Religious Knowledge, 6 Biology, 7 Physics, 7 Chemistry) in 165 minutes. Students, if they didn't receive any Religious Knowledge courses will instead have to answer another set of 5 Philosophy questions. One day after this test, most students will take the Alan Yeterlilik Testi (AYT) (Branch Sufficiency Test).This exam also has different sessions for different branches, which include Mathematics, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Turkish Literature, History, Geography, Philosophy, Religious Knowledge. The Test takes 180 minutes. It is not compulsory to take all of the subjects. Foreign Languages Test is separate to the Branch Sufficiency Test. Students usually are at the age of 18 at the end of the year.

England and Wales
In England and Wales, "Year 13" (or "upper Sixth") is the last year of A-Level certifications which are completed to finalize a student's last academic year. Students are usually 16–17 in Year 12 and 17–18 in Year 13. While the school leaving age in the rest of the UK is 16 years old, in 2015 education in England became compulsory until the age of 18. After this age, students can leave education if they choose without necessarily completing year 13. Between the ages of 16 and 18, students can either continue in full-time education (for example, at a sixth form college); start an apprenticeship or traineeship; or spend a minimum of 20 hours per week working or volunteering while in part-time education or training. Any education after the age of 18 is then referred to as higher education.

Scotland
In Scotland, this is the sixth year (or S6). Sufficiently good marks in 5th year may be adequate for entry into higher education. 'Highers' are the entry qualifications to university which can be sat in S5, S6 or college, with Advanced Highers equivalent to year one of university.

Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, there are 7 years of secondary education, culminating in Lower Sixth and Upper Sixth, usually for the purpose of sitting AS and A Level examinations.

United States

The twelfth grade is the twelfth school year after kindergarten. It is also the last year of compulsory secondary education, or high school. Students are often 17–18 years old, and on rarer occasions, can be 19 years old or older. Many states have a maximum age which free education can be offered, usually but not always age 21. Twelfth graders are referred to as Seniors.

Many students consider the twelfth grade, also known as the senior year of high school, a year to relax and prepare for the transition out of their old lives into college/university or the workplace. Others take advantage of the opportunity to complete additional higher-level courses, such as Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate, to earn credits for college/university.

Traditions associated with senior year
In the United States and some other countries, there is a graduation event near to the end of the school year (typically in May or June) more formally referred to as commencement, where seniors formally graduate from high school and receive their diplomas.

In many schools, seniors sit for formal senior portraits at the beginning of the school year or the summer prior to their senior year. These portraits are used in the upcoming graduating class's yearbook. The senior portraits in the yearbook are usually bigger than the ones typically used for lower grades. Many modern yearbooks are in full color.

There is a formal dance for this year's students, called senior prom. Some schools hold a combined prom for juniors and seniors, while others segregate the two grades into separate dances.

Senior skip day (also known as senior ditch day) is a day during which the seniors do not attend school and skip all their classes. This event/tradition is often not recognized by school administrations and teachers. In some areas it is countered with an officially recognized senior day off, or by allowing graduating seniors to skip their final exams. This official senior day can also be used to sponsor a senior field trip or senior class trip where the class would, for example, go to a theme park, a lake, a resort, the beach, or some other vacation-type activity. Following graduation, many seniors go on senior week, where they spend a week at the beach with their friends.

In some schools, Seniors receive a class ring at the beginning of their senior year. A senior prank is another common tradition in which the class may contribute towards a practical joke on the school, administration, or local community. A related tradition is the senior class raising or contributing money for equipment or other things to the school as a token of gratitude and respect for the school's support of the seniors. A similar project could involve the outside local community as well.

title: Twelfth grade


text: Category:German physicists

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:German physicists


text:
WMU

WMU may refer to:

 * Western Michigan University
 * Wildlife Management Unit, the areas into which Pennsylvania's wilderness area are divided into.
 * Woman's Missionary Union
 * World Maritime University
 * Wing Management Utilities for Civil Air Patrol
 * Hryvnia-equivalent Webmoney

title: WMU


text: Category:Indian physicists

title: Category:Indian physicists


text: Category:Indian scientists

title: Category:Indian scientists


text:
User talk:Gumby~enwiki

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gumby. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gumby~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:11, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:31, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gumby~enwiki


text: Category:Indian people by occupation

title: Category:Indian people by occupation


text:
Taieri River

The Taieri River (a misspelling of the original Māori name Taiari ) is the fourth-longest river in New Zealand and is in Otago in the South Island. Rising in the Lammerlaw Range, it initially flows north, then east around the Rock and Pillar range before turning southeast, reaching the sea 30 km south of Dunedin.

The upper reaches meander in a series of convoluted loops across a floodplain above Paerau, close to the aptly named locality of Serpentine; the river has created many small oxbow lakes in this area, some of which have been converted into water meadows. From here the river runs through two small hydroelectric power stations before reaching Patearoa in The Maniototo. The Taieri then arcs through almost 180 degrees, entering a broad glacial valley (the Strath-Taieri) surrounded by rugged hill ranges. Immediately downstream the river has cut a steep-sided declivity, the Taieri Gorge. This is known for the Taieri Gorge Railway, which follows a route into Central Otago through it. In the Taieri's lower reaches there is a broad floodplain (the Taieri Plains) containing much of Otago's most fertile farmland. The river then flows through the lower Taieri Gorge to the Pacific Ocean at Taieri Mouth. Taieri Island lies in the Pacific Ocean several hundred metres from the mouth of the river.

The Taieri is 288 km long, of which the last 20 km are navigable. Despite its length the Taieri has a minimal amount of water volume compared to other New Zealand rivers with its average discharge being around 35 m3/s. Towns along the river include Middlemarch, Outram, Allanton, Mosgiel, Henley, and Taieri Mouth. Its major tributary is the Waipori River, which meets the Taieri near Henley on the Taieri Plains. Google Maps erroneously shows the stretch of the river from the confluence to the mouth as Waipori River. The official correct name is shown on the New Zealand government's official NZ Topo Map.

However, while Taieri is the official name of the river, this name is known to be a misspelling of the Te Reo Māori word Taiari, meaning spring tide or shining water.

title: Taieri River


text:
Grade 8

Grade 8 may refer to:

Education

 * Eighth grade, the eighth year of education in some countries
 * Grade 8, the highest level of ABRSMit is the first year of high school and first year of teenage.

Science

 * "Grade 8", a song by Ed Sheeran from his debut album, +
 * Grade 8 (band), a former nu metal band from Los Angeles
 * Grade 8 (album), the band's self-titled album

title: Grade 8


text: Category:Serbian physicists

title: Category:Serbian physicists


text: Category:Dutch physicists

title: Category:Dutch physicists


text:
Wikipedia talk:UK Wikipedians' notice board/Complete to do list

Definite articles at the beginning of a page name
(Moved from main article space):
 * Apropos institutions, can we have a policy about whether have have a prepended The or not. e.g. Institution of Structural Engineers versus The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland - which is right. The IStructE website calls the Institution The Institution of Structural Engineers
 * I don't know what the naming convention is, but I would imagine whatever the organisation is officially registered as would be the correct nme. All organisations should be officially registered with someone; failing that whatever they put on their headed paper. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 23:06, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This strikes me as more properly taking place in Naming_Conventions, but for what it's worth I'd be inclined to follow what seems to be the practice in written encyclopaedias and telephone directories and to disregard 'the' for indexing purposes. This has the major advantage of preventing a massive group if entries under 'the' in an alphabetical list. Arguably this is less important in Wikipedia but I'd say its a convention we needn't disregard, and anyway, there's nothing to stop someone who feels strongly from making redirect pages with 'The' on them; or indeed without. Naturenet 12:23, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

James MacMillan (musician)

 * Article on James MacMillan now created. It's nowhere near comprehensive - please help expand... Cal T 01:01, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Section
Where would Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II go? Mike H 20:17, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * Under stubs? -- Francs2000 | Talk 22:46, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Biography requests

 * I've added Gordon Burn to the requests list because the lesser-known Gordon Burns (the "Krypton Factor" presenter, who might be better classified as a television presenter) is also in the British journalists section, and is apt to be confused with him.
 * Philip Cross 21:16, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Newspaper editors
An item in The Guardian's media column of Friday January 19 itemizes those national newspaper editors who do not have an article on Wikipedia. I have added them ro the list under 'Writers and journalists'. Who's Who will feature them, so we ought to as well. Philip Cross 11:20, 24 January 2007 (UTC)


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Ashley Blue

Oriana Small, known professionally as Ashley Blue, is an American pornographic actress. She is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame, has hosted her own Vivid Radio show and written for Hustler magazine. In 2011, she published a memoir of her career in the adult entertainment industry, titled Girlvert: A Porno Memoir.

Career
Blue has appeared in over 300 adult films and directed 17 adult film features. Her performances include the Girlvert series, which she appeared in under contract with JM Productions. She ended her contract in 2007. Blue won the AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year in 2004 and the AVN Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2005.

She has co-hosted Playboy TV’s Night Calls Hotline, hosted her own Vivid Radio show, and written for Hustler magazine. She was featured in Inside the Porn Actors Studio: Ashley Blue (2006), an episode of Howard Stern's TV series Howard Stern on Demand. She also did voice acting for the cartoon Three Thug Mice. In 2011, Blue and other pornographic film actresses modeled for a series of paintings by Swedish artist Karl Backman. She was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2013 and XRCO Hall of Fame in 2021.

Also in 2011, Blue published her memoir of nearly ten years working in the adult entertainment industry (using her JM Productions moniker "Girlvert"). Publishers Weekly called the book "fiercely honest," writing that Small "quickly became known for her gung-ho attitude and amazing endurance" and that despite pitfalls of the industry and "degradations too numerous to name", she "remains proud of her work, going so far as to call some of it 'performance art.

Personal life
In 2003, Blue sued ex-boyfriend and fellow former adult film star Trent Tesoro on an episode of Judge Mathis. , she lives in Los Angeles with her husband, photographer Dave Naz.

Publications

 * (2015). In
 * (2015). In

Awards

 * 2003 XRCO Award for Cream Dream
 * 2004 AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year
 * 2004 AVN Award for Best All-Girl Sex Scene (Video) – The Violation of Jessica Darlin (with Jessica Darlin, Brandi Lyons, Lana Moore, Hollie Stevens, Crystal Ray, & Flick Shagwell)
 * 2004 XRCO Award for Female Performer of the Year
 * 2004 Adam Film World Guide Award for Best Actress (Video) – Girlvert 4
 * 2005 AVN Award for Best Supporting Actress (Video) – Adore
 * 2005 AVN Award for Best All-Girl Sex Scene (Video) – The Violation of Audrey Hollander (with Audrey Hollander, Gia Paloma, Tyla Wynn, Brodi, & Kelly Kline)
 * 2005 XRCO Award for Best Girl/Girl Scene – The Violation of Audrey Hollander (with Audrey Hollander, Gia Paloma, Tyla Wynn, Brodi, & Kelly Kline)
 * 2005 Adam Film World Guide Award for Female Performer of the Year
 * 2007 AVN Award for Most Outrageous Sex Scene – Girlvert 11 (with Amber Wild & Steven French)
 * 2013 AVN Hall of Fame
 * 2021 XRCO Hall of Fame

title: Ashley Blue


text:
NMU

NMU or nmu may refer to:

Education

 * Northern Michigan University, a public university in Marquette, Michigan, US
 * Nelson Mandela University, a public university in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
 * National Mining University of Ukraine, now Dnipro University of Technology
 * Nishtar Medical University, in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
 * North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India

Labor organizations

 * National Maritime Union, a former American labor union
 * National Miners' Union (1928–35), American affiliate of the Red International of Labour Unions

Other uses

 * N-Nitroso-N-methylurea, an alkylating agent
 * Neuromedin U (NmU or NMU), a neuropeptide
 * Maidu language (ISO 639: nmu)

title: NMU


text: Category:Russian physicists

title: Category:Russian physicists


text:
Battle of Elasa

The Battle of Elasa was fought in April 160 BCE during the Maccabean Revolt between Judean rebels led by Judas Maccabeus (Judah Maccabee) and an army of the Seleucid Empire under the command of Bacchides. The battle resulted in the triumph of the Greek Syrian forces, the defeat of the Maccabees, and the death of Judas Maccabeus.

The leadership of the Maccabees passed to Judas's brother Jonathan Apphus (Yonatan), who continued to fight against Bacchides for the remainder of 160 BCE. The Seleucids largely triumphed; control of the cities was restored to them, including Jerusalem, hostages of important Jewish families were taken, and Greek-aligned garrisons were placed around Judea. Despite this setback, unrest continued in the countryside. The Hasmonean sons of Mattathias continued to oppose the government in the following eight years, and eventually succeeded in gaining allies both among Seleucid rulers and the Romans that would allow for autonomy. Judas's brother Simon Thassi established an independent Hasmonean kingdom in 142–141 BCE, fulfilling the goal of the Maccabees.

Background
In 160 BCE, Seleucid King Demetrius I went on campaign in the east to fight the rebellious Timarchus. He left his general Bacchides as a governor of the western part of the empire. Bacchides led an army into Judea on a second expedition, having visited the province earlier in late 162 / early 161 BCE. The Seleucid army carried out a massacre of Jews in the Galilee and marched south to Judea after. This tactic would force Judas to respond in open battle, lest his reputation be damaged by inaction and Alcimus's faction gain strength by claiming he was better positioned to protect the people from future killings. Bacchides then took a route toward Jerusalem that likely surprised the Maccabees: the arduous route through Mount Beth El, which required climbing an arid mesa. The Seleucids, possibly with an element of surprise, approached "Berea" next to set up their camp. Berea may be a corruption of Beera/Birra (modern Al-Bireh) and was just south of Beth El. A mere kilometer (.6 miles) away, Judas and a Maccabee army camped at Elasa.

Bacchides' army is recorded as 20,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry. The size of the rebel army facing them is disputed; 1 Maccabees implausibly claims that Judas's army at Elasa was tiny, with 3,000 men of which only 800 (1 Maccabees) or 1,000 (Josephus) would actually fight. Historians suspect the true numbers were larger, possibly as many as 22,000 soldiers as a high estimate, and the author downplayed their strength in an attempt to explain the defeat.

The battle
The Maccabees and the Seleucids fought on the plateau between Elasa and Berea. While the terrain there was not perfectly flat, its slope is still open and gentle enough to allow satisfactory use of phalanx tactics, which likely favored the experienced Seleucid heavy infantry. The Seleucids deployed with cavalry on their flanks, a heavy infantry phalanx in the center, and skirmishers including archers and slingers in front. Bacchides himself commanded from the elite cavalry on the right flank, as was custom in Hellenistic armies. Judas opted to attack the right flank of the Seleucid army hoping to kill the commander, similar to the victory over Nicanor at the Battle of Adasa; the loss of a commander could rattle the entire army. The elite horsemen on the right retreated from the Jewish advance, and the rebels pursued, possibly as far as Baal-hazor (modern Tall Asur) at the foot of the Judaean Mountains. The battle is described as lasting from "morning until evening", suggesting that the pursuit by Judas's force after Bacchides may have lasted some time. This retreat may have been a tactic from Bacchides, however, to feign weakness and draw the Maccabees in where they could be surrounded and defeated, their own retreat cut off. Regardless of whether it was intentional or not, the Seleucids regained their formation and trapped the rebel army with their own left flank of cavalry, which circled around to cut off Judas's escape. Judas was eventually killed and the remaining Judeans fled.

Despite the loss, the rebels were somehow able to recover Judas's body afterward, unlike Eleazar's body after his death. 1 Maccabees reports that Judas's brothers Jonathan and Simon accomplished the deed; Josephus reports it was thanks to an agreement with Bacchides afterward. 1 Maccabees, keeping with its theme of connecting the Hasmoneans to figures from earlier Jewish scripture, concludes with a lament for Judas quoting King David's lament over the death of King Saul: "How the mighty have fallen!"

Aftermath
The Seleucids had reasserted their authority in Jerusalem and the other major cities of Judea. Judas's brother Jonathan Apphus (Hebrew: Yonatan) became the new leader of the Maccabees, and continued to skirmish against Bacchides's troops. These skirmishes do not appear to have accomplished much; Bacchides fortified the major cities of Judea and took hostages from prominent Jewish families as a guarantee of cooperation. Bacchides is recorded as garrisoning fortresses in Jericho, Emmaus, Beth-horon, Bethel, Timnath, Pharathon, and Tephon. The largest concentration of Greek troops remained at the Acra citadel in Jeruslalem, Beth-zur, and Gazara.

The Hasmonean family suffered another loss when Judas and Jonathan's brother John Gaddi, sent to negotiate with the Nabateans who had cooperated with the Maccabees in earlier years of the struggle, was killed by the sons of Jambri, a family that had turned hostile to the Hasmoneans. Bacchides and Jonathan eventually came to a peace deal, but the Maccabees were reduced to where they had started the revolt in 167 BCE: as a guerilla movement based in the countryside. Bacchides returned to Syria in late 160 BCE. Jonathan and his allies later attacked a wedding held by a member of Jambri's family, killing many of the attendees, to avenge the loss of his brother John.

Analysis
Israeli historian Bezalel Bar-Kochva believes that the Judeans would have had equal numbers to the Seleucids in this battle, that Bacchides' retreat was feigned in order to lure Judah into a vulnerable position, and that the Seleucid phalanx managed to best the Judean phalanx in a full-scale battle. Bar-Kochva's argument is that the author of 1 Maccabees admired Judas greatly, and thus gave Judas an excuse for losing the battle by dramatically downplaying the number of soldiers. However, Bar-Kocvha believes the sources when they say that Judas was a superb military commander, and a superb military commander would not have suicidally charged an army outnumbered 20:1 in open terrain. Additionally, the Jewish force performs a fairly complicated maneuver and pursuit in the battle, which is unlikely to have worked had they been so outnumbered. To Bar-Kochva, it is more likely that the battle was "fair" with similar numbers on each side, and the course of the battle simply went to the Seleucid's favor. More generally, if the dating of the Battle of Adasa to 161 BC is accurate, then Judas would have had an entire year to rebuild his army with no recorded outside interference. (If Adasa is seen as happening in 160 BC, then a small Jewish army size makes somewhat more sense.) Bar-Kochva also cites other battles of the Seleucid army in places other than Judea where the Seleucids were adapt at using stratagems such as feigned retreats to lure their enemies into difficult positions, as well as other battles in uneven terrain that the Seleucid phalanx acquitted itself well in. Finally, while very little is described of the composition of the Judean army by 1 Maccabees, various "slips of the pen" suggest that the Jews themselves had their own cavalry and phalanxes; Jewish cavalry would be particularly important in chasing retreating Seleucid cavalry as is described at Elasa, as a long chase with solely infantry would be doomed to fail. In the same way, if the battle at Elasa was long and hard-fought, this indicates the Jews had their own heavy infantry phalanxes which fought the Seleucid center: a clash of light infantry and a phalanx would end much faster and more decisively.

1 Maccabees records a poetic lament for Judas as he sees his army slipping away. As with Judas's other pre-battle speeches and prayers in the book, this is best seen as a free composition by the author, not an actual transcription of Judas's words, in the style of Hellenistic historians to invent such dialogue to be more literary. One part of the speech also seemingly does not match Judas's other actions: "Far be it from us to do such a thing as to flee from them. If our time has come, let us die bravely for our kindred, and leave no cause to question our honor." However, Judas fled from lost battles and declined to fight unwinnable battles earlier in the Revolt, such as retreating to the safe hills rather than command the siege of Jerusalem after the defeat at the Battle of Beth Zechariah, or not interfering with Bacchides' first expedition at all. Judas appeared to be more interested in practical victory than honor.

The Seleucid army is described as having slingers among its vanguard. This is unusual but not considered implausible. The sling was not generally a style that Syrian Greeks themselves trained in, but locals from Coele-Syria did (including the Judeans themselves) if used as auxiliaries, as could mercenaries from various nearby regions — the adjoining territory of Rhodes was particularly renowned for their slingers.

title: Battle of Elasa


text: Category:Russian people by occupation

title: Category:Russian people by occupation


text:
Social Justice in the Liberal State

Social Justice in the Liberal State is a book written by Bruce A. Ackerman. The book is an essay in political philosophy, a "new view" of the theoretical foundations of liberalism that will "challenge us to clarify our own implicit notions of liberal democracy." Ackerman addresses the positive case for a liberalism that glorifies neither the state bureaucracy nor the private market. References to the sphere of relations among states are few, but the breadth of the attack on the fundamental issues of man and society is impressive. To Ackerman, liberalism is a kind of structured conversation in which verbal negotiation among those with differing visions of the good life is an alternative to the exercise of naked power. Ackerman has mounted a profound challenge to contract thinking. It works, crudely, on the idea that the premises of a course of contract reasoning can be manipulated so as to yield (more or less) any conclusion that the theorist has some antecedent interest in producing. The social contract is the contract which would be confirmed by the entire population, under ideal conditions, after perfect and complete consideration. Ackerman has offered a suggestion for determining whether any persons among a genetically diverse group are genetically disadvantaged. His suggestion is that to be genetically undominated, a person must possess a set of abilities that permit him to pursue some life purpose that some persons have, with as much facility as any other person is able to pursue that life purpose. He asserts that every person has a right to be genetically undominated. The privatization of religious convictions is also strongly defended. Ackerman argues for a maximal separation doctrine in that religion does not have an appropriate place in the public realm of a liberal democracy. The book also briefly suggests "responsive lotteries", prototypes of lottery voting as a way to decide issues but leaves the question hanging in the air by inviting others to devote more serious thought to lottery voting.

title: Social Justice in the Liberal State


text:
Talk:Mystery fiction

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2020 and 15 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Naruwitch.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:44, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

mystery
This article is redundant: should be merged with detective fiction, perhaps under the title "Mystery and Detective Fiction." What do you say? Bds yahoo 23:08, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * This belongs more at WP:VFD than on Speedy Deletion. I'll put it there shortly. ugen64 03:48, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. 68.1.181.54 03:57, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Votes for deletion

 * This article was on votes for deletion, the consensus was to keep it. See the archived discussion for further details.

 * If the consensus was to keep this page isn't it time to remove the deletion banner? Martha1958 22:57, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

-

History Section
What, no mention of Sherlock Holmes? I assure you, the popularity of mystery stories is not entirely because of the actions of the Hardy Boys.Phoenix Song 02:47, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Inaccurate?
Most noticeably, the summary for this article seems to be incorrect. The summary claims "Mystery fiction is a distinct subgenre of detective fiction ... [but] it does not require a crime to have occurred." The article for detective fiction claims that "Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction," and crime fiction obviously requires a crime to have occurred. For mystery fiction to be a subgenre of detective fiction, it must also be a subgenre of crime fiction, which this article's summary rules out.

I would contend that mystery fiction is not a subgenre of detective fiction at all. More likely, detective fiction descends from both crime fiction and mystery fiction, since detective fictions involve both crime and mystery. If this is true, then the remainder of the article is likely incomplete, since it mostly covers novels that do not fit under the smaller umbrella of detective fiction. AbsoluteFlatness 02:52, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree--this makes absolutely no sense whatsoever. Unfortunately, I'm not well-informed enough to rewrite it competently. --Wintersweet 05:08, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

I believe that one main point must be the distinction between the AE and BE definition of mystery. In the United States mystery is used as some kind of 'overall' term, but not in Europe (crime fiction).

I don't know about British usage, but I think that in the US, "mystery" is the broadest term. I am presently having a debate with another mystery fan about whether or not there is a difference between "mystery" and "detective fiction" (although we both agree that "mystery" is NOT a subdivision. Our debate is whether or not virtually all mysteries are detective fiction, since someone has to solve the mystery.  Do amateurs like Miss Marple qualify as detectives, since they acquire a reputation as a sleuth?   Do protagonists who are not professionals and appear in only one story (as in most Dick Francis novels) qualify as a detective?  Some appear to feel that detective fiction necessarily involves a crime, whereas I would agree that not all mysteries involve crimes.  Beth Root earoot@yahoo.com

The above criticism (in the first two comments) of the wording of the text - before I corrected - is well taken. Mystery fiction is an umbrella for a genre that encompasses detective fiction, not vice versa. I'm primarily a science fiction writer (who writes sf/mysteries), and a former President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Some of our members also wrote mysteries, and I have a pretty good knowledge of the field. Regarding Miss Marple, etc: in detective fiction, there are amateur detectives, police procedurals, private eyes, etc.  PaulLev 06:51, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

external link section spam
All external links except for "Mystery Writers of America", "A Guide to Classic Mystery and Detection" and "Crime Fiction" seems rather book mail-order spam and advertising to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.57.41.145 (talk • contribs) 18:26, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

The first mystery novel?
Wikipedia's page on William Godwin states the his book Things as They Are or The Adventures of Caleb Williams is considered to be the first true mystery novel. It predates Poe's work by some four decades. Well? —Morganfitzp 13:57, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Mary Roberts Rinehart should be mentioned in the history
You might want to include the different types of mysteries, such as locked room mysteries. Also, you failed to mention Mary Roberts Rinehart, but she had a big part in the history of mystery fiction. Her first mystery novel, The Circular Staircase, was published in 1908. She was a very successful mystery author and set the stage for Agatha Christie's success in the 1920's. Contact if he is still active, Allen J Hubin, probably the most knowledgable recent reviewer and critic--SHAMON 18:39, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

merger
Since this article is on almost the same subject as crime_fiction it should be merged with that one. -Catneven 10:49, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Well, I don't know if it needs to be merged, but something needs to be changed. It might be a US vs. British usage issue; I'm not sure. For example, 99% of what I would write about mystery fiction (which is THE genre name as far as I'm concerned--and, I think, American libraries and bookstores agree) is listed under either crime_fiction or detective_fiction. Maybe all three need to be merged, but I don't know what the final page would be called, since obviously people disagree on the subject. --Wintersweet 19:38, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that "crime fiction" differs from "detective fiction" in that not all crime fiction contains a detective, but all detective fiction contains a crime. For instance, the novels of Donald Westlake writing as Richard Stark are about crime but contain no characters who aren't criminals -- therefore they are crime fiction but not detective fiction.  And "mystery fiction" must contain a mystery, per se -- therefore the inverted detective story qualifies as both detective fiction and crime fiction but not mystery fiction.  I think the overarching article would be "crime fiction" because I cannot think of any detective fiction and/or mystery fiction that doesn't contain a crime of some sort... but I think crime fiction would contain novels like Crime and Punishment that most people don't think of as belonging to the category we're discussing.  I have some reference books, not at my hand at the moment, that may shed some light on this and will report back. I certainly agree this article needs work, wherever the information within it ends up.  Accounting4Taste 20:00, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * As a Brit, I'd agree with Wintersweet that there is a UK/US difference in terminolgy here. In my experience UK bookshops and libraries now normally categorise this kind of book as "crime fiction", although people in general more often call it "detective fiction".  My understanding of the UK usage is that "detective fiction" was the normal term in the early years of the genre, but "crime fiction" came into use when critics began to treat the genre as "serious" writing after the Second World War.  Once the "crime fiction" category came into use, other (non-detective) fiction about crime was naturally also included in it, so the "crime fiction" category is broader than "detective fiction".  As far as I know, "mystery fiction" is not really used as a category in the UK;  however the term mystery is used to describe particular books.  I've always assumed (possibly wrongly) that the US category of "mystery fiction" is pretty much the same as the UK category of "detective fiction", but I'm not sure how the use of "crime fiction" compares between the two, or what the situation is in other English speaking parts of the world.  Eleanor Y 15:22, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Mystery fiction, on the one hand, and Crime fiction/Detective fiction, on the other, have existed as separate genre names for too long to be mixed now. And they are not exactly the same thing - a mystery novel is based on a mystery, and a detective/crime novel is based on a crime. The whole mood and enjoyment is different. A crime is something that happens every day; a mystery is something that captures the imagination. What would The Da Vinci Code  be without the mystery in it? Definitely not an international(!) bestseller. Also, encyclopedias, as reference books, are supposed to branch out. The great thing about wikipedia is that I could check first the crime fiction article, then the detective fiction article, and then the mystery fiction article. Please don't stop me from enjoying Wikipedia!

move to mystery?
Shouldn't this just be moved to mystery? MahangaTalk 01:56, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

A specific novel
There was a link to a specific mystery novel (The Big Bow Mystery by Israel Zangwill which I've moved to the locked room mystery article because it said that I believe it is more appropriate there -- it seems as though the links for this article should all have to do with the topic of mysteries in general and not to a specific novel. Besides, the same link is available through the Israel Zangwill article. Accounting4Taste 03:06, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Mystery does not mean 'crime fiction'
Try limit the references to crime and detective fiction. It makes it seem like that's all mystery fiction is. They've already got their own articles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.94.235.86 (talk) 20:46, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Requested move
Casting vote let the plain name be the disambig page Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:38, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Mystery (fiction) → Mystery — Mystery currently redirects here, therefore this article has already been recognized as the primary target for the term "Mystery". As such, the qualifier "(fiction)" is unnecessary. —Neelix (talk) 00:05, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Comment I think the dab page should be in the primary location instead. 76.66.192.206 (talk) 05:35, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Support as nominator - The vast majority of incoming links to Mystery refer to the concept in fiction. Mystery (fiction) is justly recognized as the primary article. Neelix (talk) 14:34, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Looks like a good number of the incoming links are TV and film related and should be to Mystery film instead of Mystery (fiction). I'm not convinced that there is in fact a primary use here.  The history of Mystery shows a slow battle between having Mystery point to the dab page and Mystery (fiction).  So unless there is clear and convincing evidence that there is a primary use, the proposed move should not happen and the dab page should be moved to Mystery. Vegaswikian (talk) 22:45, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Comment - In the title of the Mystery film article, the term "mystery" refers to the concept in fiction as expressed in the Mystery (fiction) article; if Mystery film is the strongest contender against Mystery (fiction) for primacy, it is readily apparant that Mystery (fiction) is the primary article. Neelix (talk) 19:48, 31 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose and concur with Vegaswikian that the dab page should be moved to Mystery. Propaniac (talk) 18:04, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

Narrowness of scope
The current page implies mystery stories are always about a crime being investigated by a detective. However, to my knowledge, a mystery is any story which presents one or more mysteries at the start, gives clues to solve this mystery throughout the story, then solves this mystery at the end of the story, regardless of whether a crime was involved in a mystery. Dictionary.com agrees with me:

 * a novel, short story, play, or film whose plot involves a crime or other event that remains puzzlingly unsettled until the very end

I'm not well versed in literature, so I can't give any literature examples, but for example the visual novel Ever17 features a story where the mysteries are 'why did this incident occur?' and 'why are there impossible differences between the stories in the different playthroughs?', lots of hints are given throughout the entire game and the entire thing isn't solved until the final playthrough. Surely this would count as a mystery, even though no crime is committed during the entire story? VDZ (talk) 13:06, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

WorldCat Genres
Maximilianklein (talk) 23:41, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

The difference between fact and theory
"as people began to read over time, they became more individualistic in their thinking. As people became more individualistic in their thinking, they developed a respect for human reason and the ability to solve problems."

The above statement is a theory, not a fact, and should not be stated as a fact. I don't even know where to begin with how problematic this theory is. For the purpose of this article I think we need to stick with measurable facts i.e. when the first mystery fiction was published, when and where mystery fiction became popular. And leave hypothesizing about why for the scholars. Or have a section listing theories of why it is popular. But as it stands the above quote is entirely inappropriate. Sheherazahde (talk) 00:26, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Early example of a mystery?
Greetings:

I read the Penguin editions of Jane Austen's novels, purchased years ago. Penguin Books always have interesting and detailed "Introduction" sections written by various experts in the field of literature and the subject in particular. I believe it is in the "Introduction" to Emma where I read that the sub-plot involving Jane Fairfax and the piano she received as a gift, from an unknown benefactor, was a very early example of a mystery, if not the first example, found in a novel. The townsfolk, especially Emma, were keen to know who the giver was and tried to deduce the givers identity. Austen incorporates clues into the novel so that readers can also work at deduction.

Does anyone have any information on the status of the novel, Emma, as an early example of a mystery? Thank you for your help, Wordreader (talk) 02:29, 24 November 2019 (UTC)

Classifications and Categories
The section "Classification" should be more in-line with. Perhaps some of this article should be in a new Mystery literature article instead of a redirect here. StrayBolt (talk) 21:18, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

Mystery (genre)
I've never heard anybody say "mystery fiction." It's just "Mystery!." I'd like to rename this page "Mystery (genre)" but I see that's already a redirect page. Does this mean that somebody has strong opinions about this? If so, please share them.--Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 16:10, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Using the template just to make sure. --Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 04:53, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 17 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Withdrawn  (t · c)  buidhe  09:42, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

Mystery fiction → Mystery (genre) – Most people just call it "Mystery"; "Mystery fiction" is a term only used by librarians. Not that big a deal -- I'll probably drop the idea if anybody disagrees. Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 04:53, 17 April 2021 (UTC) —Relisting. Vaticidalprophet 09:31, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose the article only covers fiction. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:38, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Please read the first sentence of the article. --Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 05:50, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I did. In ictu oculi (talk) 11:47, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose This article covers the mystery genre in literature/novels/fiction. Mystery is also a genre of film (see Mystery film), so the target page name is too broad. Some1 (talk) 20:38, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * OK, I'm gonna drop this proposal. As a participant, I can't close the discussion, so will somebody who's not involved do it please? —Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 21:04, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Secondary issue: and  oppose this proposal because they consider "Mystery (genre)" inaccurate. Obviously, I don't agree, but if I did I would want to change Mystery (genre) so that it redirects somewhere else. —Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 01:26, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree that "Mystery (genre)" should redirect somewhere else and not to this article (since there's also Mystery film). What about redirecting Mystery (genre) to Mystery? Do you have any other ideas? Some1 (talk) 01:45, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * That makes sense. Though there are currently a number of links targeting the Mystery (genre) redirect. I just fixed about 10 of them to point to either the fiction or film target, but there are still 27 more mainspace links at Special:WhatLinksHere/Mystery_(genre) which are all in reference to television series. That makes me think that perhaps the scope of Mystery film should be enlarged to include television (like Drama (film and television)). Alternatively, perhaps we could have a broad concept article at Mystery (genre) that encompasses fiction, TV, movies, and whatever other marginal media (e.g. podcasts, comic books, video games, etc.). Colin M (talk) 01:38, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Paranormal
I want to find out about the show and paranormal witness TV show and it was called a visitor 2001:1970:4802:0:0:0:0:38C3 (talk) 02:42, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Information Literacy and Scholarly Discourse
— Assignment last updated by Bmitch18 (talk) 04:43, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mystery fiction


text:
Grade 1 (disambiguation)

Grade 1 may refer to:
 * First grade, the first school year of primary education.
 * A Grade 1 Graded stakes race horse race
 * Grade One (TV series), a 2014 Chinese TV variety show
 * Grade 1 listed building, UK heritage designation

title: Grade 1 (disambiguation)


text:
Grade 2

Grade 2 may refer to:

 * Grade 2, the second year of primary education.
 * Grade 2 horse races, the second tier in worldwide horse racing.
 * Grade 2, the English punk band.

Grade II may refer to:
 * Grade II listed buildings that are of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them.
 * Grade II monoplane, a single-seat aircraft constructed by Hans Grade in 1909.

Grade II* may refer to:
 * Grade II* listed buildings that are particularly important and of more than special interest.

title: Grade 2