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Diamond Rio

Diamond Rio is an American country music band. The band was founded in 1982 as an attraction for the Opryland USA theme park in Nashville, Tennessee, and was originally known as the Grizzly River Boys, then the Tennessee River Boys. It was founded by Matt Davenport, Danny Gregg, and Ty Herndon, the last of whom became a solo artist in the mid-1990s. After undergoing several membership changes in its initial years, the band consisted of the same six members from 1989 to 2022: Marty Roe (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Gene Johnson (mandolin, guitar, fiddle, tenor vocals), Jimmy Olander (lead guitar, banjo), Brian Prout (drums), Dan Truman (keyboards), and Dana Williams (bass guitar, baritone vocals). After Prout and Johnson both departed in 2022, they were replaced by Micah Schweinsberg and Carson McKee respectively.

After assuming the name Diamond Rio, the band was signed to Arista Nashville and debuted in 1991 with the single "Meet in the Middle", which made them the first band ever to send a debut single to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. The band charted 32 more singles between then and 2006, including four more that reached No. 1: "How Your Love Makes Me Feel" (1997), "One More Day" (2001), "Beautiful Mess" (2002), and "I Believe" (2003).

Diamond Rio has recorded nine studio albums, four Greatest Hits compilations, and an album of Christmas music. Three of the band's albums have achieved RIAA platinum certification in the United States. In addition, Diamond Rio has received four Group of the Year awards from the Country Music Association, two Top Vocal Group awards from the Academy of Country Music, and one Grammy Award. The band is known for its vocal harmonies, varied instrumentation, and near-exclusive use of only its own band members on recordings instead of session musicians. Their sound was originally defined by mainstream country, bluegrass, and rock influences, but later albums drew more influence from Christian country music and country pop.

Beginnings
In 1982, Matt Davenport and Danny Gregg founded a band at Opryland USA, a former country music-based amusement park in Nashville, Tennessee. The band was first named the Grizzly River Boys, after a new river rafting ride at the park, but quickly changed names to the Tennessee River Boys due to its members disliking the original name. Originally intended to promote the park through a one-time television special, the band proved popular enough that it became one of many regular performers there. Davenport, Gregg, and Ty Herndon alternated as lead vocalists, with Davenport also playing bass guitar and Gregg on rhythm guitar; completing the lineup were Larry Beard (lead guitar, fiddle, banjo), Mel Deal (steel guitar), Al DeLeonibus (piano), and Ed Mummert (drums). The group "swapped lead voices, told jokes, and balanced old-school country concert shtick with a contemporary sound". Herndon left the group in 1983 to compete on the talent show Star Search, and became a solo artist for Epic Records between 1995 and the early 2000s. Herndon was temporarily replaced by Anthony Crawford and then Virgil True before his role was taken over by Marty Roe, who had originally toured nationally with the Christian band Windsong, and worked in the park by doing impersonations of Larry Gatlin. Following Herndon's departure, DeLonibus and Mummert quit as well, with Dan Truman (who had previously played in Brigham Young University's Young Ambassadors ) and Jimmy "J. J." Whiteside taking their places. Beard quit shortly afterward and ultimately became a session musician, and former Mel McDaniel sideman Jimmy Olander took his place. The band, through the assistance of Bill Anderson's drummer Len "Snuffy" Miller, submitted demos to various Nashville record labels with no success.

By 1985, the Tennessee River Boys had quit working at Opryland. According to Roe, while the band enjoyed playing at the park, they also felt that their status as a theme park attraction discredited them as "real musicians" to those in the Nashville community. For the next few years, they played at small venues, such as high school auditoriums, and usually worked no more than four concerts a month. They also competed on Star Search, but were eliminated in the first round. Frustrated by the sporadic touring schedules, Whiteside quit the group and was replaced by Brian Prout, who previously performed in Hot Walker Band and Heartbreak Mountain. Around 1986, Deal and Gregg both left the group, the latter due to health complications from a serious illness he had developed as a teenager. They initially chose to operate as a quintet, with Davenport as the sole lead vocalist and Roe and Prout singing harmony; when this arrangement proved unsuccessful, they found mandolinist Gene Johnson, a former member of the bluegrass group Eddie Adcock's IInd Generation, which Olander was a fan of as a child. Johnson debuted at a concert in Clewiston, Florida, in May 1987. Also at this point, the band members supplemented their incomes with outside jobs: Johnson continued to work in carpentry, Olander and Roe mowed lawns, and Prout drove tour buses.

In 1988, the band caught the attention of Keith Stegall, a singer-songwriter who would later become known primarily for his work as Alan Jackson's record producer. Stegall produced demos for the Tennessee River Boys, but noted that Davenport could not record the lead vocal and bass parts at the same time, as they would be difficult to separate in the control room. As a result, Stegall had Roe sing a "scratch" vocal track live with the other musicians, which would then be replaced by Davenport's voice in post-production. Upon hearing Roe sing the "scratch" track, Stegall successfully convinced the other members that Roe should be the lead vocalist instead. Due to his discomfort outside the lead role and his wife's dissatisfaction with his career, Davenport quit in late 1988, becoming the last founding member to leave. The group quickly had to find a replacement, as they were scheduled to appear on the talk show Nashville Now on January 23, 1989. Alan LeBeouf, who had just left Baillie & the Boys, expressed interest in replacing Davenport but ultimately declined due to other commitments. They finally chose Dana Williams, a nephew of the bluegrass group Osborne Brothers and former sideman for Jimmy C. Newman, who had been a fan of the Tennessee River Boys since Herndon was a member.

1990: Signing with Arista Nashville
Williams officially joined before the Nashville Now appearance, but the band still did not have a record deal at this point. They continued to record demos in Prout's garage with assistance from Monty Powell, who had previously hired Roe and Olander for recording jingles, but wanted to produce commercial music. Powell was a friend of audio engineer Mike Clute, who would later become one of the band's producers, and songwriters Tim DuBois and Van Stephenson. DuBois was talking with record executive Clive Davis about creating a country music branch of Arista Records called Arista Nashville; Stephenson would later sign to the label in 1993 as a member of Blackhawk. Initially, DuBois was hesitant about signing the Tennessee River Boys, as he felt that there were too many popular bands in country music, and he was about to sign both Asleep at the Wheel and Exile. He expressed interest in signing Roe as a solo artist, but at Powell's insistence, he agreed to see the band open for George Jones at a May 1989 concert, and officially signed them to Arista Nashville in 1990. The band members also decided to choose a new name, as they thought that Tennessee River Boys sounded more suitable for a bluegrass or gospel group than a country one. Among the names they had chosen were Kilroy and T-Town Mavericks, the latter of which was rejected by Arista executives. Prout suggested Diamond Rio, after the truck manufacturing company Diamond Reo Trucks. The name had been previously rejected by another country band, Shenandoah, whose lead singer Marty Raybon (also a former member of Heartbreak Mountain) gave Prout permission to use the name even though Shenandoah "conducted business" under that name.

Shortly after the band received its record deal, the band underwent a series of misfortunes when Olander, Johnson, and Williams came down with health problems. On August 9, 1990, Johnson was injured in a carpentry accident in Arkansas a day before his 41st birthday, severely cutting his left thumb. Robert Bolin substituted for Johnson during the band's tour in Brazil with Kevin Welch and Jann Browne. On September 6, four weeks after Johnson's accident, Williams was water skiing with his family in Cookeville, Tennessee, as his boat came forward at high speed when his wife was picking him up. The propeller slashed Williams' legs, and he was rushed to a hospital for his injuries. Brian Helgos and Paul Gregg (Danny Gregg's brother, and a member of Restless Heart) substituted for Williams. Meanwhile, Olander discovered that he had a lemon-sized tumor that was pressing against his esophagus. The tumor was never successfully diagnosed, although it ultimately vanished.

1991–1992: Diamond Rio
After Olander, Williams, and Johnson had recovered, the six musicians set to work on their debut album. In doing so, Johnson soon discovered that the injuries to his hands had altered his dexterity on the mandolin, and threatened to walk away after Powell offhandedly remarked that he would have Roe dub in his own tenor harmonies instead of having Johnson sing them. The band also had commitments to finish as the Tennessee River Boys, to the point that they occasionally had to promote themselves under both names in the same day.

Arista Nashville released Diamond Rio's debut single, "Meet in the Middle", on February 6, 1991. As the lead single to their self-titled debut album, "Meet in the Middle" went on to spend two weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, making Diamond Rio the first country music group ever to send its debut single to the top of that chart. Following its release, the band performed its first official concert as Diamond Rio on May 4, 1991. They shared the bill with Wild Rose, whose membership included Prout's then-wife, Nancy Given Prout. Released three weeks later with DuBois and Powell as producers, Diamond Rio was met with positive critical reception from critics such as Allmusic, Chicago Tribune, and Entertainment Weekly, which praised the band's vocal harmonies, instrumentation, and song choices.

Four more singles were released from Diamond Rio, all reaching top 10 on the Billboard country singles charts: "Mirror, Mirror", "Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me", "Norma Jean Riley" (which was previously the B-side of "Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me"), and "Nowhere Bound", the latter two of which were co-written by Powell. Roe and Prout had found both "Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me" and "Mirror, Mirror" by attending shows at the Bluebird Cafe in Nashville, a popular spot for performances by aspiring songwriters. Truman and an employee of Arista had found "Norma Jean Riley", which was originally titled "Pretty Little Lady" until DuBois remarked that the lady in the song should have a name: "It could be 'Norma Jean Riley', anything!" Johnson spoke positively about "Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me", which was written and originally recorded by Larry Cordle, and the impact that it had on fans. He recalled a letter sent to him by a female fan who had run away from home and chose to return after hearing that song, and said that "We already didn't wanna do the drinkin' songs and stuff ... if you're gonna touch someone, touch them with something that's positive."

Diamond Rio was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping one million copies in the United States. In addition, the band won the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Group for 1992, an award they would receive again in 1993, 1994, and 1997. They were also nominated for Top New Vocal Duet or Group by the same association in 1992. A cut from the album, the instrumental "Poultry Promenade", gave the band its first Grammy Award nomination.

1992–1995: Close to the Edge and Love a Little Stronger
Close to the Edge, the group's second album, was released in 1992. Certified gold by the RIAA for U.S. shipments of 500,000 copies, the album produced the Top 5 country hits "In a Week or Two" and "Oh Me, Oh My, Sweet Baby", the latter of which was originally recorded by George Strait on his 1989 album Beyond the Blue Neon. The next singles, "This Romeo Ain't Got Julie Yet" and "Sawmill Road", both failed to reach top 10. Roe considered Close to the Edge a weaker album than their debut because the band only had one month to pick the songs for it; in a 1994 interview with New Country magazine, he stated: "There aren't ten great songs out there for everybody, certainly not that you could find in a 30-day period of time." Olander was also critical of the novelty factor of "This Romeo Ain't Got Julie Yet", which he co-wrote, saying that it was "by far not my favorite Diamond Rio recording – but that's at the time when I'm thinkin', 'Oh, this is easy, let's write this. It's kinda cute.'" Brian Mansfield of Allmusic was also critical of the song, but described the rest of the album with favor, saying that its "strongest material emphasizes the virtues of God, family and honest living – traditional stuff, no doubt influenced by the members' bluegrass background", while Jack Hurst of the Chicago Tribune thought that "In a Week or Two" and "Sawmill Road", "which is about the diverse trails some rural schoolmates follow in adulthood", were the strongest tracks.

In 1994, the band released its third album, Love a Little Stronger. The album was recorded on a more relaxed schedule than the previous album; as a result, they did not have a single on the charts for three months after "Sawmill Road" fell off the charts. For this album, Clute joined DuBois and Powell as co-producer, a role that he has held on all of the band's subsequent releases. The title track (co-written by Billy Crittenden, later a member of the vocal group 4 Runner), reached a peak of No. 2 on the Billboard country singles charts, and No. 1 on the country singles chart published by Radio & Records. It was followed by the No. 9 hit "Night Is Fallin' in My Heart", originally recorded by J. P. Pennington in 1991. Next were the Top 20 hits "Bubba Hyde" and "Finish What We Started". Because the band had taken a longer period of time to choose songs for Love a Little Stronger, they considered it a superior album to its predecessor; Mansfield shared a similar opinion in his review of the album, stating that "Spurred by the relatively lackluster performance of Close to the Edge ... Diamond Rio explored the musical possibilities of its talents rather than digging for easy commercial success." Bob Cannon of New Country was more mixed, saying that "the production on Love a Little Stronger is so sparkling clean it could've been recorded in an operating room." This album also earned the band its second platinum certification.

1996–1999: IV, Greatest Hits, and Unbelievable
IV, Diamond Rio's fourth album, was released in 1996. It was the "first country release recorded entirely on a digital console"; specifically, a Fairlight console which recorded the album directly to a hard drive. Produced by DuBois, Clute, and the band itself, it was also their first album not to have Powell as a co-producer. According to DuBois, Powell left this role on good terms, as he "saw a need to go in a certain direction, and the guys saw a need to go in a different direction." Roe thought that the album benefited from a new label policy that allowed label personnel to respond more quickly to pitches from songwriters. He recalled to Billboard that the label's head of artists and repertoire (A&R) recommended the lead single "Walkin' Away" while co-writer Craig Wiseman (who co-wrote "Bubba Hyde") was still recording its demo, and the band was able to record the song in the same day that the demo was completed. "Walkin' Away" peaked at No. 2 on the country charts in early 1996. Three more singles were released from the album: the top 10 hits "That's What I Get for Lovin' You" and "Holdin'" (also written by Wiseman), with the top 20 "It's All in Your Head", co-written by Van Stephenson, in between. The music video for "It's All in Your Head" featured Martin Sheen and Ramon Estevez, the former playing the part of a snake handling preacher.

A year after IV, Diamond Rio released its first Greatest Hits package, which included eleven of the singles from their first four albums, plus the album cut "She Misses Him on Sunday the Most" from IV and two new songs: "How Your Love Makes Me Feel" and "Imagine That". "How Your Love Makes Me Feel" became the band's second No 1 on Hot Country Songs, as well as their longest-lasting at three weeks, making it the biggest chart hit for any country group that year. "Imagine That", co-written by Bryan White, reached Top 5 by early 1998. Greatest Hits became the band's third platinum album.

Diamond Rio was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry in April 1998, becoming the first band in fourteen years to be inducted. Later in the year, the band released its fifth studio album, Unbelievable. Contributing songwriters to the album included Paul Williams, former NRBQ member Al Anderson, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, and Huey Lewis. The lead single was the ballad "You're Gone", which reached top 5 on the country charts. After it was the title track, which peaked at No. 2 on the country charts and became the band's first entry on the Billboard Hot 100, where it reached No. 36. The third and final single was "I Know How the River Feels", originally recorded on Herndon's 1996 album Living in a Moment and later released as a single by McAlyster in 2000. Diamond Rio's rendition peaked at 33 on the country charts, their lowest chart peak at the time.

In 1998, Prout began dating Mary Bono, the widow of singer and politician Sonny Bono. The two became engaged but later ended their relationship in 2001. On December 28 of the same year, Prout married singer-songwriter Stephanie Bentley, best known for co-writing Faith Hill's 1999 single "Breathe".

2000–2002: One More Day
Diamond Rio released its twenty-third official chart single, "Stuff", in May 2000. The song was originally intended to be the title track to their sixth studio album, which would have been released on August 22 of the same year, but according to Truman, "Certain radio stations, for some reason, didn't want to play 'Stuff'." As a result, "Stuff" was withdrawn after peaking at number 36 on the country charts, and the album was delayed until February 2001. Following this song's failure, the band released "One More Day" later in 2000. The song was written by Steven Dale Jones and Bobby Tomberlin, the same two writers who wrote "She Misses Him on Sunday the Most". "One More Day" went on to spend two non-consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the country charts, with the album, by this point re-titled One More Day, having its release date moved up to February 6, 2001. The song also peaked at No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100, in addition to reaching top 10 on the Adult Contemporary charts (the band's first appearance on that chart). Regarding the song's popularity among fans who have used the song to cope with personal losses, Prout said, "Actually, 'One More Day' was recorded as a love song. Then one of Oklahoma State's basketball team's plane went down, then in early 2001 we lost Dale [Earnhardt] in Daytona, and then of course, 9/11 came after that. And every event of that year, the song took on a different meaning to different people ... We hear quite often in e-mails and people talking to us in shows. If you're asking how it makes us feel? Pretty darn special ... to know that you had that impact on someone's life and helped in a tough time of healing and hope."

The third and fourth singles from One More Day were less successful: "Sweet Summer" made Top 20, while "That's Just That" failed to make Top 40. The album featured a guest vocal from Chely Wright on "I'm Trying", making for the band's first ever duet with another artist on one of their own albums. It also included a cover of "Hearts Against the Wind", originally recorded by J. D. Souther and Linda Ronstadt for the Urban Cowboy soundtrack. Chris Neal of Country Weekly thought that the album showed a greater musical variety than its predecessors, specifically noting the "spoken-word verses" of "Here I Go Fallin'", the "Hearts Against the Wind" cover, and the Wright duet as standout tracks. Rick Cohoon of Allmusic cited the album's singles and the Wright duet as the album's best tracks, adding that "If any flaw can be found here it would be the band's choice not to experiment with new sound, but then again, why tamper with a good thing?"

Starting in 2001, the other members had noticed that Roe was having difficulty maintaining proper pitch in concert. Although they did not want to confront him about it for fear of "bruis[ing] his ego", they eventually convinced Roe of his problems by listening to concert recordings together. Roe also consulted unsuccessfully with vocal coaches and throat doctors at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The band attempted to cover up Roe's problems by removing certain songs from concert set lists, lowering the key on others, having Truman sometimes take the lead vocal, and using pitch correction software, but even these did not fully correct the issues. Finally, they consulted vocal coach Diane Sheets, a friend of Johnson's son-in-law. She determined that Roe was over-compensating for a small degree of hearing loss typical of musicians who have performed live for long periods of time, thus tightening muscles in his throat and diaphragm and causing him to lose pitch. Although Roe was initially "cynical" toward Sheets's coaching, she was ultimately successful in restoring his voice.

2002–2007: Completely, Can't You Tell, and Greatest Hits II
In 2002, Diamond Rio released its seventh studio album, Completely. The band originally conceived it as a double album, featuring traditional country on one disc and more pop-oriented country on the other, but according to Prout, this concept did not fully materialize because "country music has blinders on as far as what's acceptable – and what isn't", although Olander and Williams noted that the idea allowed them "more leeway in choosing songs". In addition to earning a gold certification, it produced two consecutive No. 1 singles in "Beautiful Mess" and "I Believe", the latter being the band's last single to top Hot Country Songs. Third single "Wrinkles" made Top 20, while the last single, "We All Fall Down" (also written by Steven Dale Jones), failed to reach top 40. Two of the album's tracks were previously recorded by other artists: "Make Sure You've Got It All", written by Bill Anderson and Steve Wariner, was originally recorded on Collin Raye's 1998 album The Walls Came Down, and "If You'd Like Some Lovin'" by its co-writer, David Ball, on his 1996 album Starlite Lounge.

Rick Cohoon of Allmusic praised the album for its musical variety, saying, "With artists as well anchored in the business as Diamond Rio, the musical quality is a given. The real challenge is outdoing yourself and coming up with fresh concepts. The selections on this album seem to be the fruition of that search for musical renewal". He cited "Beautiful Mess" and "I Believe" as standout tracks. Ray Waddell of Billboard also thought that the singles were among the best tracks on the album, while highlighting the instrumental track "Rural Philharmonic" (which Olander had originally intended to record for a solo album ) as an example of the band's strong musicianship. Chrissie Dickinson of the Chicago Tribune was less favorable, commending the "masterful musicianship" and Roe's "light vocal timbre", while criticizing the song selections as "mostly a paint-by-numbers trip around the musical block, from the predictable power balladry of 'I Believe' to the saccharine sentiments of 'We All Fall Down.'"

A seventh album, tentatively titled Can't You Tell, was recorded in 2003, but it was cancelled after its first two singles – the title track and "One Believer" – both failed to make Top 40 upon their releases in late 2004 and early 2005 respectively. Diamond Rio's second Greatest Hits package, Greatest Hits II, was released in 2006. Like their first Greatest Hits album, this compilation included several new songs as well as the band's greatest hits; one of these new songs, "God Only Cries", was released as a single, peaking at No. 30. Shortly after the album's release, Diamond Rio parted ways with Arista Nashville.

2007–present: New record label, The Reason, and I Made It
On August 31, 2007, Diamond Rio signed with Word Records, a Christian music label based in Nashville. Their first album for Word was a Christmas album entitled A Diamond Rio Christmas: The Star Still Shines, which they recorded in Olander's basement studio. Roe said in an interview with CMT that "we just didn't try to copy anybody else. We tried to make up our own arrangements." The group released its first contemporary Christian album, The Reason, on September 22, 2009. It earned the band three Dove Award nominations: Song of the Year for "God Is There", Country Song of the Year for the title track, and Country Album of the Year.

In 2014, Olander told The Arizona Republic that the group was no longer signed to Word Records and planned to release new material independently. "I will say that I was proud of the material, but maybe it's not the best version of Diamond Rio," Olander told the publication. "We were kind of in a no-man's land. We didn't fit in with country radio and we didn't fit with Christian radio. It was something that wasn't fully realized." The band began releasing records independently, starting with a live album in 2014 and following in 2015 with the studio album I Made It.

Prout and Johnson both retired from the band in 2022. Micah Schweinsberg filled in on drums, and Carson McKee on harmony vocals, mandolin, and fiddle, for a series of concerts in 2022. Said tour, focused on songs from their 2007 Christmas album, was the band's first since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Schweinsberg and McKee both became official members of the band in mid-2023, making McKee the band's first female member. The first single following their addition to the lineup, an instrumental called "The Kick", was released soon after.

Outside contributions
Diamond Rio has been featured on several projects featuring multiple country artists, including three tribute albums released between 1993 and 1994. The first was a cover of the Eagles' 1975 hit "Lyin' Eyes" for Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles, an album released in late 1993 via Giant Records which featured various country musicians covering that band's songs. Diamond Rio had originally wanted to record the song for Love a Little Stronger, but DuBois rejected the idea because he felt that they were not yet well-established enough to record a cover song on one of their own albums. The second was Keith Whitley: A Tribute Album, to which they contributed a cover of Keith Whitley's 1986 hit "Ten Feet Away", and the third was a cover of Merle Haggard's "Workin' Man Blues" for a tribute album entitled Mama's Hungry Eyes: A Tribute to Merle Haggard. This rendition, which featured guest appearances from Lee Roy Parnell and Steve Wariner (both of whom were also signed to Arista Nashville at the time), was credited to "Jed Zeppelin". The song peaked at No. 48 on the Billboard country charts from unsolicited airplay, and was made into a music video. In 1996, the band covered "Beauty and the Beast" for the multi-artist compilation The Best of Country Sing the Best of Disney and contributed the original song "Christmas Spirit" (which Powell and Roe co-wrote) to Star of Wonder: Country Christmas Collection, a Christmas album featuring various artists on Arista Nashville's roster. A year later, Diamond Rio contributed a recording of the gospel standard "Walkin' in Jerusalem" to a compilation entitled Peace in the Valley: A Country Music Journey Through Gospel Music. Diamond Rio and Collin Raye also sang backing vocals on Kenny Rogers' 2000 single "He Will, She Knows". In 2002, the band was featured on country parodist Cledus T. Judd's "Man of Constant Borrow", a parody of "Man of Constant Sorrow" on his album Cledus Envy. Jerrod Niemann's late-2017 album This Ride features Diamond Rio on the song "I Ain't All There".

Some of the individual members have also contributed to songs by other artists. Roe sang duet vocals with then-labelmate Pam Tillis on "Love Is Only Human", a cut from her 1992 album Homeward Looking Angel. Olander was featured along with bluegrass musicians Carl Jackson and Mark O'Connor on the track "Hap Towne Breakdowne" from Steve Wariner's 1996 instrumental album No More Mr. Nice Guy. He also co-wrote Kenny Chesney's 2001 single "I Lost It", Marshall Dyllon's 2001 single "You", and the track "The Night Before (Life Goes On)" from Carrie Underwood's 2005 debut album Some Hearts. Truman co-wrote Shane Minor's 1999 single "Ordinary Love"; Minor would later co-write the band's hit "Beautiful Mess". In 2003, Truman and songwriter Jason Deere co-founded the Nashville Tribute Band, which has recorded three albums for missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, of which Truman is a member. Roe, Johnson, and Williams sang backing vocals on Josh Turner's 2006 single "Me and God" (from the album Your Man), which also featured a guest vocal from bluegrass musician Ralph Stanley.

Musical stylings
In the country music industry particularly, record producers hire mostly session musicians to record tracks for an album for both solo artists and bands, as opposed to rock bands who record their own instrumental and vocal tracks on their albums. Diamond Rio has been one of few self-contained country bands to have followed the practice of each member playing their own instruments and singing their own vocals on all their albums themselves, without any additional input from outside musicians. The sole exception has been the inclusion of string sections on some of their later work, starting with "I Know How the River Feels" and continuing through certain tracks on One More Day and Completely. According to Prout, other labels had rejected the band prior to their signing with Arista Nashville due to the band members' insistence that they play all their own instruments.

Their early music blended neotraditionalist country with occasional traces of country rock, primarily in the song's prominent rhythm sections. A bluegrass influence has also been shown, primarily in the three-part harmonies among Roe (lead), Williams (baritone), and Johnson (tenor). Bluegrass influences are also shown in the band's prominent use of the mandolin, as well as in the instrumentals featured on many of their earlier albums. The band's later material has tended towards pop-oriented ballads, such as "I Believe" and "One More Day" – songs which received critical acclaim for their often religious-themed messages, but were considered departures from the more traditional material of their first four albums.

Another trademark of Diamond Rio's sound is the custom-built B-Bender guitar played by Olander. He refers to this instrument as the "Taxicaster" because of its yellow body and black-and-white checkered pickguard, which give it the coloration of a taxicab.

Awards
Diamond Rio received the Academy of Country Music's award for Top Vocal Group in 1991 and 1992. In 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1997, they also received the Country Music Association's award for Vocal Group of the Year (an award for which they received fifteen total nominations, more than any other country music group). In addition, Diamond Rio has received thirteen Grammy Award nominations. In 2010 they received three nominations for the GMA Dove Awards, and on April 22 won the award for Country Album of the Year. In 2011, they received their first Grammy Award in the Grammy Award for Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel Album category for The Reason.

Members

 * Current members
 * Dan Truman – (born August 29, 1956; piano, keyboards) (1983–present)
 * Marty Roe – (born December 28, 1960; lead vocals, rhythm guitar) (1984–present)
 * Jimmy Olander – (born August 26, 1961; lead guitar, banjo) (1985–present)
 * Dana Williams – (born May 22, 1961; bass guitar, baritone vocals) (1989–present)
 * Carson McKee – mandolin, fiddle, tenor vocals (2022–present)
 * Micah Schweinsberg– drums (2022–present)

 * Former members
 * Larry Beard – lead guitar, fiddle, banjo (1982–1985)
 * Al DeLeonibus – piano (1982–1983)
 * Matt Davenport – bass guitar, lead vocals (1982–1988)
 * Danny Gregg – rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1982–1986)
 * Ty Herndon – vocals (1982–1983)
 * Ed Mummert – drums (1982–1983)
 * Jimmy "J. J." Whiteside – drums (1983–1985)
 * Anthony Crawford – vocals (1983)
 * Virgil True – vocals (1984)
 * Brian Prout - drums (1985–2022)
 * Gene Johnson – mandolin, fiddle, tenor vocals (1987–2022)

Discography

 * Diamond Rio (1991)
 * Close to the Edge (1992)
 * Love a Little Stronger (1994)
 * IV (1996)
 * Unbelievable (1998)
 * One More Day (2001)
 * Completely (2002)
 * A Diamond Rio Christmas: The Star Still Shines (2007)
 * The Reason (2009)
 * I Made It (2015)

Billboard number-one hits

 * "Meet in the Middle" (2 weeks, 1991)
 * "How Your Love Makes Me Feel" (3 weeks, 1997)
 * "One More Day" (2 weeks, 2000-2001)
 * "Beautiful Mess" (2 weeks, 2002)
 * "I Believe" (2 weeks, 2002-2003)

title: Diamond Rio


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Whatever (Aimee Mann album)

Whatever is the first solo album by the American singer-songwriter Aimee Mann, released in 1993.

"I've Had It" is one of the songs featured in Nick Hornby's book 31 Songs. The album, with special note for the song "4th of July", was included by Elvis Costello in his "Costello's 500" list for Vanity Fair. It has also been included in the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die list.

Reception
Whatever received mostly positive reviews from critics. Most praised her sense of melody and the wordplay of her lyrics, exemplified by Entertainment Weekly in "hooky songs" and "evocative lyrics". The Los Angeles Times reflected this by saying she "mixes words like a master, catching lifetimes of ache and Angst" in her songs while the Chicago Tribune compared her to Elvis Costello. Rolling Stone cited her music as "sunny, surreal melodies" with "razor-sharp lyrics". The Independent's Andy Gill highly recommended the album, concluding that "it's the tension between Mann's disarmingly direct, conversational lyric style and the complexity of her musical design that gives Whatever its peculiar charge." On the other hand, Robert Christgau only cited "Mr. Harris" as a "choice cut", finding nothing else to say about it.

The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die and in Pitchfork's "150 Best Albums of the 1990s."

Commercial performance
As of February 2001, combined sales for two releases of Whatever stood at 170,000 copies sold in United States.

Original release
All tracks by Aimee Mann, except where noted.
 * 1) "I Should've Known" – 4:53
 * 2) "Fifty Years After the Fair" – 3:46
 * 3) "4th of July" – 3:21
 * 4) "Could've Been Anyone" (Lyrics by Mann, Music by Mann, Jules Shear, Marty Willson-Piper) – 4:23
 * 5) "Put Me on Top" – 3:28
 * 6) "Stupid Thing" (Mann, Jon Brion) – 4:27
 * 7) "Say Anything" (Mann, Jon Brion) – 4:57
 * 8) "Jacob Marley's Chain" – 3:01
 * 9) "Mr. Harris" – 4:05
 * 10) "I Could Hurt You Now" – 4:17
 * 11) "I Know There's a Word" (Mann, Jon Brion) – 3:16
 * 12) "I've Had It" – 4:42
 * 13) "Way Back When" – 4:05
 * 14) "Nothing" – 0:09

Whatever – An Exclusive Collection
In 1994, BMG Records in Germany released a limited edition Whatever – An Exclusive Collection. This featured a second CD containing previously released B-sides. The cover of the CD was unchanged, there just being a sticker announcing the bonus material. It appears that Aimee was unaware of this release until it was mentioned in the message forum at her website in 2004, her management calling it a bootleg before it being confirmed as an official release.

Contents of the second disc:
 * 1) "Jimmy Hoffa Jokes"
 * 2) "4th of July" (live for Virgin 1215)
 * 3) "Say Anything" (acoustic)
 * 4) "Baby Blue"
 * 5) "Truth on My Side" (demo, 1989)
 * 6) "Fifty Years After the Fair" (demo, 1989)
 * 7) "Put on Some Speed" (demo, 1989)
 * 8) "Stupid Thing" (live)
 * 9) "The Other End (Of the Telescope)" (live)

Personnel

 * Aimee Mann – vocals (all songs), electric guitar (1), bass (1–3, 5, 6, 10, 11), Dixie cup (1), acoustic guitar (3, 13), pump organ (4), Mellotron (5), percussion (7), lo-fi acoustic guitar (10), nylon-string guitar (12)
 * Michael Hausman – drums (3, 10, 13), percussion (4), orchestral percussion (8), bass drum (12), tongue drum (12), congas (12), cymbals (12)
 * Jim Keltner – drums (2, 5, 6)
 * Milt Sutton – drums (7)
 * Jon Brion – drums (1, 4, 11), bass (1, 4, 7, 13), electric guitar (1, 2, 5–7, 10, 12, 13), pump organ (1, 6, 8), Mellotron (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10), Chamberlain (1, 4, 6, 8), vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 13), Optigan (2, 4, 6, 12, 13), glockenspiel (2, 4, 10), tambourine (2, 10), vibraphone (3, 4), guitar (4), piano (4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13), harmonium (6, 8), acoustic guitar (7), acoustic bass (8), kazoo (8), woodwind arrangement (9), Hammond organ (10, 13), Indian harmonium (10), bass harmonica (10, 12), keyboards (11), cottage organ (12), B-3 organ (12), Wurlitzer organ (12), celesta (12), tack piano (12), piccolo flute (12), bottles (12), turtle guitar (13), toy piano (13), marimba (13), pipes (13)
 * Buddy Judge – vocals (1, 10–13), acoustic guitar (5, 6, 8, 11, 13), hi-fi acoustic guitar (10), bottles (12), pipes (13)
 * Todd Nelson – intro guitar (1)
 * Randy Brion – euphonium (9), trombone (13)
 * Mike Breaux – oboe (9), bassoon (12)
 * Roger McGuinn – 12-string electric guitar (2), vocals (2)
 * David Coleman – electric cello (10)
 * The Sid Sharp Strings - Sid Sharp (9, 11), Joy Lyle (9, 11), Harry Shirinian (9, 11), Harry Shultz (9, 11)
 * Jimmie Haskell - string arrangement (9)

title: Whatever (Aimee Mann album)


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Zaghadia

Zhagadia (also spelled Jhagadia) is a taluka in Bharuch district in the state of Gujarat, India. Zhagadia is located 2 mi south of the southern bank of the Narmada River. It is southeast of the historic town ShuklaThirth, where Chanakya apparently lived until he returned to Pataliputra (now Patna). The economy of Zhagadia is dependent on industrial area (GIDC) and the fertile land where bananas, sugar cane, cotton, wheat, sorghum, and other vegetables and fruits are grown and exported. Trade to the interior villages, local government offices, and Seva Rural Hospital and local businesses provide most of the employment.

In Zhagadia is the town Bhalod, on the Narmada riverbank, across from another town, Koral. Bhalod is known for farming bananas, cotton, and sugar cane, although it suffers from a high rate of emigration, primarily to the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Africa. The town has cultural activities, such as the three-day program of Gangadashahara. During this period, many Brahmins from various parts of Gujarat and elsewhere travel to Bhalod to be "blessed" by their "holy River" Narmada", in celebration of the 'birth' of the "holy River" Ganges. Bhalod has a number of temples, including Ramnath Mahadev, Mokshnath Mahadev, Datatrey, Ranchhodnathji & Gayatri Mata.

Industries
Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation has developed a megaindustrial estate in Zhagadia. Companies there include: Abbott Laboratories, Saint-Gobain, PepsiCo, United Phosphorus, Gulbrandsen Technologies, Kohler, S. Kumar, Century Textile and Industries, Aarti Industries Limited, BEC Fertilizers Limited, Welspun, Brakes India and Agrotech (an affiliate of ConAgra).

Education
For students too young for high school, the public schools are divided into male and female schools. Zaghadia has an all-female primary and middle school and an all-male primary and middle school. Two high schools serve the local population. The oldest high school is Diwan Dhanji Shah High School, which was founded in 1942 by Diwan of Rajpipla's King, a group of concerned citizens in response to the lack of public education in the remote region. The result of their efforts, at least in part, was that the strength of the education program in the 1950s and 1960s was noted throughout Gujarat.

A private school, Manav School, also exists in Zaghadia.

Tourism
Places to visit include: Jain Daherasar, Kabirvad, Gayatri Mandir, Dholi Reservoir, and Hanuman Temple. Trips to banana farms and a ride in bullock cart in fields are popular experiences.

Gumandev, an old temple of the Hindu god Hanuman, is a holy place for Hindus in Bharuch, 3 km from Zhagadia.

title: Zaghadia


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Palawan (island)

Palawan is the largest island of the province of Palawan in the Philippines and fifth-largest by area and tenth-most populous island of the country, with a total population of 994,101 as of 2020 census. The northwest coast of the island is along the Palawan Passage in the eastern South China Sea, while the southeast coast forms part of the northern limit of the Sulu Sea. Much of the island remains traditional and is considered by some as under-developed. Abundant wildlife, jungle mountains, and some white sandy beaches attract many tourists, as well as international companies looking for development opportunities.

One city and 12 out of the 23 municipalities of the Province of Palawan are on this island. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, one of seven operating units of the Bureau of Corrections, is located on the island.

Geography
The entire length of the island forms a mountain range, with a peak altitude of 2086 m at Mount Mantalingajan. Other significant peaks include Mount Gantung (1788 m) in Batazara and Victoria Peak (1726 m) in Narra. Cagayancillo is far to the east of the island, while Dumaran Island and the more distant Cuyo Archipelago are to the northeast, with Linapacan and Busuanga Island nearby in the north-northeast. The archipelago of Kalayaan Municipality is west of Palawan, while Balabac Municipality is south of the island's western edge.

Geology
The geology of Palawan is, in many ways, unlike other parts of the Philippines. The crust of northeast Palawan was derived from the southeast edge of the continental crust of China, part of the Eurasian Plate. It is the exposed portion of a microcontinent that drifted southward with the opening of the South China Sea. This microcontinent also forms the shallow water north of Palawan in the Reed Bank-Dangerous Ground area of the southern South China Sea. Some of the oldest rocks of the Philippines are found in northeast Palawan (Permian-Carboniferous age). Southwest Palawan exposes primarily ophiolitic material (rocks derived from uplifted oceanic crust and mantle). This 34 Myr old (latest Eocene-earliest Oligocene) ophiolite appears to have been thrust upon the continental crust as well as the older, Cretaceous ophiolitic and sedimentary units. The transition from "oceanic" ophiolite in the southwest to "continental"-type rocks in the northeast occurs in the area of central Palawan around Ulugan Bay and the Sabang area. In the southern coasts of Ulugan Bay and Sabang Beach, are several exposures showing that the Palawan ophiolite has been thrust on to the continent-derived clastic rocks ("Sabang thrust").

The Palawan Trough is an area of deeper water adjacent to the north coast of Palawan in the South China Sea. The Palawan Trough is thought to exist due to downbending of the continental crust due to the weight of the ophiolite thrust sheet.

Further north, around the Malampaya Sound area and up to the El Nido area, one finds older (Triassic-Jurassic) deep marine chert and limestone. The limestone forms spectacular karst terrain. These units are part of the microcontinent ("North Palawan Block") although they are deep marine rocks marginal to the continental crust. They were accreted to the Chinese continental crust in the Mesozoic at a time when an Andean-type subduction zone existed in southeast China.

Intruding these rocks in central Palawan (Cleopatra's Needle area) and northern Palawan (Mount Capoas or Kapoas area) are young granite bodies (true granite to granodiorite). The Kapoas intrusion is of Miocene age (13-15 million years old based on zircon and monazite U-Pb dating). In the Taytay area of northern Palawan, a young basaltic cinder cone is another manifestation of young magmatic activity. The granitic magmatism and basaltic magmatism are both expressions of what has been identified as a widespread post-South China Sea spreading magmatism that has affected many areas around the South China Sea.

Tectonically, Palawan with the Calamian Islands, is considered to be a north-east extension of the Sunda Plate, in collision with the Philippine Mobile Belt at Mindoro.

Flora and fauna
Unlike most of the country, Palawan is biogeographically part of Sundaland, with a fauna and flora related to that found in Borneo.

Prehistory
Two articulated phalanx bones of a tiger, besides another phalanx piece, were found amidst an assemblage of other animal bones and stone tools in Ille Cave near the village of New Ibajay. The other animal fossils were ascribed to macaques, deer, bearded pigs, small mammals, lizards, snakes and turtles. From the stone tools, besides the evidence for cuts on the bones, and the use of fire, it would appear that early humans had accumulated the bones. Additionally, the condition of the tiger subfossils, dated to approximately 12,000 to 9,000 years ago, differed from other fossils in the assemblage, dated to the Upper Paleolithic. The tiger subfossils showed longitudinal fracture of the cortical bone due to weathering, which suggests that they had post-mortem been exposed to light and air. Tiger parts were commonly used as amulets in South and Southeast Asia, so it may be that the tiger parts were imported from elsewhere, as is the case with tiger canine teeth, which were found in Ambangan sites dating to the 10th to 12th centuries in Butuan, Mindanao. On the other hand, the proximity of Borneo and Palawan also makes it likely that the tiger had colonized Palawan from Borneo before the Early Holocene.

Using the work of Von den Driesch, all chosen anatomical features of appendicular elements' anatomical features which were chosen, besides molars, were measured to distinguish between taxa that had close relationships, and see morphometric changes over ages, though not for pigs or deer. For the latter two, cranial and mandibular elements, besides teeth of deer from Ille Cave were compared with samples of the Philippine brown deer (Cervus mariannus), Calamian hog deer (Axis calamianensis), and Visayan spotted deer (Cervus alfredi), and thus two taxa of deer have been identified from the fossils: Axis and Cervus. Remains of pigs were compared with the Eurasian (Sus scrofa) and Palawanese wild boar (Sus ahoenobarbus). It is known that the Eurasian wild boar was imported as a domesticate to the islands from mainland Southeast Asia to the islands during the Terminal Holocene.

Throughout deposits of the Terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene and Terminal Pleistocene at Ille Cave, elements of deer skeletons are regular, gradually becoming less before vanishing in the Terminal Holocene. One 'large' and one 'small' taxon can be easily differentiated by the significant change in size observed in the postcranial elements and dentition. From comparisons of the mesial-distal and labio-lingual measurements of individual fossil teeth and mandibular toothrows with those of surviving deer taxa in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian islands, it appears that the Calamian hog deer is most plausible candidate for the small taxon. The hog deer exists in forest edges and open grassland habitats on the islands of Culion and Busuanga, which during the Pleistocene were part of the landmass of Greater Palawan, but not on Palawan itself nowadays. As for the 'large' taxon of deer found in the Palawanese fossils, the Philippine brown deer from Luzon appears to be closely matched to them, from dental biometric comparisons which are similar between the latter and extant members of the genus Cervus or Rusa, particularly the Philippine brown deer (C. mariannus) and spotted deer (C. alfredi). However, the Philippine brown deer shows significant variation across its range, with populations on Mindanao Island being smaller than those of Luzon. Thus, it is possible that the overlap between the Luzonese brown deer and the archaeological material is coincidental, and that the fossils could belonged to another species of Cervus that had occurred in Palawan, with the taxonomic classification being unresolved. The Philippine brown deer from Luzon appears to be closely matched to the 'large' taxon of deer found in the Palawanese fossils, from dental biometric comparisons which are similar between the latter and extant members of the genus Cervus or Rusa, particularly the Philippine brown deer (C. mariannus) and spotted deer (C. alfredi). However, the Philippine brown deer shows significant variation across its range, with populations on Mindanao Island being smaller than those of Luzon. Thus, it is possible that the overlap between the Luzonese brown deer and the archaeological material is coincidental, and that the fossils could belonged to another species of Cervus that had occurred in Palawan, with the taxonomic classification being unresolved. Otherwise, members of the genus Cervus are no longer seen in the region of Palawan.

History
In April 2013, a fishing vessel loaded with illegally poached animals ran aground on a coral atoll off the coast of Palawan Island.

In May 2014, armed forces chief of staff General Emmanuel T. Bautista said that Oyster Bay may be developed into a naval base with United States Navy support.

title: Palawan (island)


text: Category:Nine Inch Nails

title: Category:Nine Inch Nails


text: Category:Nine Inch Nails songs

title: Category:Nine Inch Nails songs


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Amalienborg

Amalienborg is the official residence for the Danish royal family and is located in Copenhagen. Frederick VIII's palace complex has four identical Classical façades, effectively four palaces, with Rococo interiors, laid around an octagonal courtyard (Amalienborg Slotsplads). At the centre is a large equestrian statue of Frederick V. Amalienborg was originally built for four noble families, but after Christiansborg Palace burned in 1794 the royal family bought the palaces and moved in. Over the years various monarchs and their families have lived there, including today's King Frederik X and Queen Mary.

The first palaces on the site
The Frederiksstaden district was built on the former grounds of two other palaces. The first palace was called Sophie Amalienborg. It was built by Queen Sophie Amalie, consort to Frederick III, on part of the land which her father-in-law Christian IV had acquired outside of Copenhagen's old walled city, now known as the Indre By district, in the early 17th century when he had been king. Other parts of the land were used for Rosenborg Castle, Nyboder, and the new Eastern fortified wall around the old city.

It included a garden, a replacement for the "Queen's Garden" which had been located beyond the city's western gate Vesterport, an area today known as Vesterbro, and which had been destroyed under siege from Sweden in 1659.

Work on the garden began in 1664, and the castle was built from 1669 to 1673. The King died in 1670, and the Queen Dowager lived there until her death on February 20, 1685.

Four years later on April 15, 1689, Sophie Amalie's son Christian V celebrated his forty-fourth birthday at the palace with the presentation of a German opera, perhaps the first opera presentation in Denmark, in a specially-built temporary theatre. The presentation was a great success, and it was repeated a few days later on April 19. However, immediately after the start of the second performance a stage decoration caught fire, causing the theatre and the palace to burn to the ground, and about 180 people died.

The King planned to rebuild the palace, whose church, Royal Household and garden buildings were still intact. Ole Rømer headed the preparatory work for the rebuilding of Amalienborg in the early 1690s. In 1694, the King negotiated a deal with the Swedish building master Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, who spent some time in Copenhagen that summer reviewing the property. His drawing and model were completed in 1697. The King, however, found the plans too ambitious and instead began tearing down the existing buildings that same year, with the reclaimed building materials used to build a new Garrison Church.

The second Amalienborg was built by Frederick IV at the beginning of his reign. The second Amalienborg consisted of a summerhouse, a central pavilion with orangeries, and arcades on both side of the pavilion. On one side of the buildings was a French-style garden, and on the other side were military drill grounds. The pavilion had a dining room on the groundfloor. On the upper floor was a salon with a view out to the harbour, the garden and the drill grounds.

Development of Frederiksstaden by Frederick V
Amalienborg is the centrepiece of Frederiksstaden, a district that was launched by King Frederick V to commemorate in 1748 the tercentenary of the Oldenburg family's ascent to the throne of Denmark, and in 1749 the tercentenary of the coronation of Christian I of Denmark. This development is generally thought to have been the brainchild of Danish Ambassador Plenipotentiary in Paris, Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von Bernstorff. Heading the project was Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke, one of the most powerful and influential men in the country, with Nicolai Eigtved as royal architect and supervisor.

The project consisted of four identical mansions, built to house four distinguished families of nobility from the royal circles, placed around an octagonal square. These mansions (now called Palaces) form the modern palace of Amalienborg, albeit much modified over the years.

As a royal residence
When the Royal Family found themselves homeless after the Christiansborg Palace fire of 1794, the palaces were empty for long periods throughout the year, with the exception of the Brockdorff Palace, which housed the Naval Academy. The noblemen who owned them were willing to part with their mansions for promotion and money, and the Moltke and Schack Palaces were acquired in the course of a few days. Since that date successive royal family members have lived at Amalienborg as a royal residence and kings have lent their names to the four palaces; Christian VII's Palace, Christian VIII's Palace, Frederik VIII's Palace and Christian IX's Palace.

A colonnade, designed by royal architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff, was added in 1794–1795 to connect the recently occupied King's palace, Moltke Palace, with that of the Crown Prince, Schack's Palace.

On the morning of 9 April 1940, the day of the German invasion of Denmark during World War II, Amalienborg palace was the site of an hour-long firefight between the Danish Royal Life Guards and the 2nd Battalion of 308th Infantry Regiment of the German 198th Infantry Division. The firefight ended after Christian X of Denmark called for a ceasefire to spare his country from destruction.

The four palaces
According to Eigtved's master plans for Frederikstad and the Amalienborg Palaces, the four palaces surrounding the plaza were conceived of as town mansions for the families of chosen nobility. Their exteriors were identical, but interiors differed. The site on which the aristocrats could build was given to them free of charge, and they were further exempted from taxes and duties. The only conditions were that the palaces should comply exactly to the Frederikstad architectural specifications, and that they should be built within a specified time framework.

Building of the palaces on the western side of the square started in 1750. When Eigtved died in 1754 the two western palaces had been completed. The work on the other palaces was continued by Eigtved's colleague and rival, Lauritz de Thurah strictly according to Eigtved's plans. The palaces were completed in 1760.

The four palaces are:
 * Christian VII's Palace, originally known as Moltke's Palace
 * Christian VIII's Palace, originally known as Levetzau's Palace
 * Frederik VIII's Palace, originally known as Brockdorff's Palace
 * Christian IX's Palace, originally known as Schack's Palace

Currently, only the palaces of Christian VII and Christian VIII are open to the public.

Christian VII's Palace
Christian VII's Palace is also known as Moltke's Palace, and was originally built for Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke. It is the southwestern palace, and has been since 1885 used to accommodate and entertain prominent guests, for receptions, and for ceremonial purposes.

Moltke's Palace was erected in 1750–54 by the best craftsmen and artists of their day under the supervision of Eigtved. It was the most expensive of the four palaces at the time it was built, and had the most extravagant interiors. Its Great Hall (Riddersalen) featured woodcarvings (boiserie) by Louis August le Clerc, paintings by François Boucher and stucco by Giovanni Battista Fossati, and is acknowledged widely as perhaps the finest Danish Rococo interior.

The mansion formally opened on 30 March 1754, the King's thirtieth birthday. Due to Eigtved's death a few months later, final work such as the Banqueting Hall, was completed by Nicolas-Henri Jardin.

Immediately after the Christiansborg Palace fire in February 1794 and two years after the death of the original owner, the royal family, headed by the King Christian VII, purchased the first of the four palaces to be sold to the royal family, and commissioned Caspar Frederik Harsdorff to turn it into a royal residence. They occupied the new residence December 1794.

After Christian VII's death in 1808, Frederick VI used the palace for his Royal Household. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs used parts of the palace from 1852 to 1885. For short periods of time in the intervening years the palace has housed various members of the royal family while restoration took place on their respective palaces. In 1971–1975 a small kindergarten was established at the palace, and later a schoolroom, for Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim.

After 200 years the façade, decorated by German sculptor Johann Christoph Petzold, was severely damaged, causing parts of Amalienborg Place to be closed to prevent injury. In 1982, exterior and interior restoration began that completed in early 1996, Copenhagen's year as European Capital of Culture. In 1999, Europa Nostra, an international preservation organisation, acknowledged the restoration with by presenting a medal.

The palace is occasionally open to the general public for tours.

Christian VIII's Palace
Christian VIII's Palace, also known as Levetzau's Palace, is the northwestern palace and was originally built for Privy Councillor Count Christian Frederik Levetzau in 1750–60. Queen Margrethe II's grandson Count Felix currently lives in an apartment in the palace. Prince Joachim and Princess Marie, who reside permanently in France, have also had an apartment made available to them in the palace when they perform engagements in Denmark.

After Eigtved's death in 1754, royal architect Lauritz de Thurah carried out supervision of the building's construction according to Eigtved's plans.

The palace was sold by the entailed estate of Restrup, which had been established in 1756 by Levertzau, the late owner. The family set one condition when they sold the building— that the Count's coat of arms should never be removed from the building. It can still be seen beside that of the monarch's.

The King's half-brother Frederik bought the palace in 1794, and painter and architect Nikolai Abildgaard modernized the interiors in the new French Empire style. The palace was named Christian VIII's Palace after his son, Christian Frederik, who grew up in the palace, took over the building in 1805 upon the death of his father, and would become king in 1839.

Christian VIII died in 1848, and the Queen Dowager, Caroline Amalie, died in 1881. From 1885 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs used parts of the palace, but moved in 1898 when the palace became the residence of Crown Prince Christian (X) and Princess Alexandrine. After the death of Christian X the Palace was placed at the disposal of Prince Knud, the Heir Presumptive.

The palace was the home of Crown Prince Frederik until his marriage in 2004. From 2018 to 2019, Queen Margrethe II's eldest grandchild Prince Nikolai lived in an apartment in the palace.

Today, there is little left of the remaining rococo interior; much of the interior reflects the changing taste and style of its residents over the years.

In the 1980s the palace was restored as residence for the Crown Prince, storage facilities for the Queen's Reference Library and a museum for the Royal House of Glücksborg. The museum features private royal apartments from 1863 to 1947 including original fittings and furnishings. Tours are sometimes held of the rooms on the piano nobile.

Frederik VIII's Palace
Frederik VIII's Palace, also known as Brockdorff's Palace, is the northeastern palace. It has been the home of King Frederik X and Queen Mary since their marriage.

It was originally built for Count Joachim Brockdorff in the 1750s. Brockdorff died in 1763, and Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke acquired the palace. Moltke sold it two years later to King Frederick V.

From 1767 it housed the Royal Danish Military Academy, also known as the Army Cadet Academy (Landkadetakademi). In 1788 naval cadets replaced the army cadets until the academy moved to another location in 1827.

The following year the palace was prepared to house King Christian VIII's son, Frederik VII, who ascended the throne in 1848, and his bride, Princess Vilhelmine. Architect Jørgen Hansen Koch successfully and thoroughly refurbished the palace in French Empire style in 1827–28.

After the marriage was dissolved in 1837, various members of the royal family lived in the palace. In 1869, it became the home of Frederik VIII. In 1934, it became the home of King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid. The latter lived there until her death in 2000. From 2006 to 2010 the palace underwent major renovation to accommodate the then Crown Prince couple.

Christian IX's Palace
Christian IX's Palace is the southeastern palace, and is also known as Schack's Palace. It has been the home of Queen Margrethe II since 1967.

Building work was commenced in 1750 by Eigtved, and was supervised first by architect Christian Josef Zuber and later by Philip de Lange.

It was originally commissioned by Privy Councillor Severin Løvenskjold, but in 1754 he had to give up due to economic difficulties. The project was taken over by Countess Anna Sophie Schack née Rantzau and her step-grandson Hans Schack, 4th Count of Schackenborg. A fire shortly after the change of ownership delayed completion by a couple of years.

On 7 January 1757 Hans Schack married Countess Ulrikke Auguste Vilhelmine Moltke, daughter of Adam Gottlob Moltke, and as his son-in-law had use of the best artists and craftsmen to complete the interiors.

In 1794, the palace was taken over from private residence by the Prince regent, then Crown Prince Frederick, and his wife, Crown Princess Marie. He died in 1839, and she in 1852. The palace was used after her death by, among others, the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

It was later the home of Christian IX until his death in 1906. The home remained untouched afterwards until 1948. In 1967, the palace was restored for the then successor to the throne, Princess Margrethe and her husband Prince Henrik. She succeeded to the throne at the age of 31 as Margrethe II in 1972.

Royal Guard
Amalienborg is guarded day and night by Royal Life Guards (Den Kongelige Livgarde). Their full dress uniform is fairly similar to that of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army: a scarlet tunic, blue trousers, and a navy bearskin cap. The guard march from Rosenborg Castle at 11.30 am daily through the streets of Copenhagen and execute the changing of the guard in front of Amalienborg at noon. In addition, post replacement is conducted every two hours.

When the monarch is in residence, the King's Guard (Kongevagt) also march alongside the changing of the guard at noon, accompanied by a band that plays traditional military marches. The Guard Lieutenant (Løjtnantsvagt) is always alerted when King Frederik or another member of the royal family is in residence. There are three types of watches: King's Watch, Lieutenant Watch and Palace Watch. A King's Watch is when His Majesty the King takes up residence in Christian IX's Palace. A Lieutenant Watch is when Prince Joachim, or Princess Benedikte, takes the place as regent, when the monarch is unable to. A Palace Watch is when no member of the royal family is in the palace, and it is the smallest one.

Equestrian statue

The equestrian statue of King Frederik V was commissioned by Moltke, as Director for the Danish Asiatic Company, and it was made by French sculptor Jacques Saly. Work began in 1753, and the foundation stone was laid in place in 1760 at the 100-year celebration of political absolutism in Denmark. The statue was finally unveiled in 1771, five years after King Frederik V's death in 1766.

Amaliehaven

The Amalie Garden (Amaliehaven) is located between the waterfront and Amalienborg Slotsplads. Established in 1983, it was a gift from the A.P. Møller and Chastine McKinney Møller Foundation to the citizens of Copenhagen. The two-level garden was designed by Belgian architect Jean Delogne. It features marble sculptures and a central fountain designed by Italian Arnaldo Pomodoro. It is owned jointly by the Danish state and the municipality of Copenhagen, and maintained by the Palaces and Properties Agency.

Axis alignments
The short axis on which Amalienborg lies, Frederiksgade (English: "Frederik's Street"), has been much discussed due to construction the building of the Copenhagen Opera House in 2001–04.

Aligned on the short axis are:
 * Frederik's Church (Danish: Frederikskirke), commonly known as The Marble Church (Danish: Marmorkirken).
 * Amalienborg
 * Copenhagen Opera House

The long axis on which Amalienborg lies is Amaliegade (English: "Amalie Street").

title: Amalienborg


text:
Goyang Zaicro FC

Goyang Zaicro FC was a South Korean professional football team based in Goyang. The club competed in the K League Challenge between 2013 and 2016. They played their home games at Goyang Stadium.

The club traces its origins to Immanuel FC, a Christian football club founded in 1983. The team previously played in Iksan and Gimpo before moving to Ansan.

History
Immanuel FC, the predecessor of Goyang Zaicro FC, was founded in 1983. In 1985, Immanuel FC and Hallelujah FC decided to join to create a unified Christian football club. As a result, Immanuel FC became Hallelujah's reserve team. After the 1985 season, Hallelujah FC left the professional ranks in order to concentrate their financial efforts on missionary work.

The two clubs separated after one year. Immanuel FC participated in many tournaments as an amateur football club. They even competed with Hallelujah FC in 1991.

In 1992, Immanuel FC suffered from a lack of funds. Therefore, E-Land took over the team and renamed it E-Land Puma FC. From 1992 to 1998, they won the three championships in some tournaments.

At the start of 1998, the Asian economic crisis affected the club's parent group E-Land, necessitating the release of the club, which became amateur again as Immanuel FC. The club brought in some footballers for Hallelujah FC and changed their name to Hallelujah FC. in 1999. This Hallelujah FC founded in 1999 is the official starting point of Goyang Hi FC history by K League. In 2003 the team moved to Iksan and joined the Korea National League, finishing a creditable third after the First Stage, but were prevented from competing in the Second Stage after protests by radical Won Buddhists led to the club being barred from playing in Iksan. The club moved to Gimpo, where they enjoyed their most successful season in the National League in 2006, completing the Second Stage at the summit of the league, before being defeated in the Championship Play-off. The club moved again, this time to Ansan, in 2007, enjoying another successful campaign in 2008, a season which saw them reach the final of the National League Championship, where they were defeated on penalties, before evolving into Ansan 'H' FC for the 2012 National League season. In September 2012, it was confirmed that the team would be moving to Goyang City for the 2013 season, and will change its name to Goyang Hi FC.

On 18 January 2016, the club name officially changed to Goyang Zaicro FC for the 2016 season due to sponsorship reasons. The club was disbanded after the 2016 season.

Club Naming History
Predecessor
 * 1983–1984: Immanuel FC
 * 1985: Hallelujah FC (reserve team)
 * 1986–1992: Immanuel FC
 * 1992–1998: E-Land Puma FC
 * 1998: Immanuel FC

Refounded
 * 1999–2002: Hallelujah FC
 * 2003: Iksan Hallelujah FC
 * 2004–2006: Gimpo Hallelujah FC
 * 2007–2011: Ansan Hallelujah FC
 * 2012: Ansan H FC
 * 2013–2015: Goyang Hi FC
 * 2016: Goyang Zaicro FC

League

 * National League
 * Runners-up (1): 2006

Cups

 * National Football Championship
 * Winners (1): 2006
 * Runners-up (1): 2002

Worldwide competitions

 * Queen's Cup
 * Winners (1): 2009

title: Goyang Zaicro FC


text:
ORION (research and education network)

The Ontario Research and Innovation Optical Network (ORION) is a high-speed optical research and education network in Ontario, Canada. It connects virtually all of Ontario's research and education institutions including every university, most colleges, several teaching hospitals, public research facilities and several school boards to one another and to the global grid of R&E networks using optical fibre.

History
ORION was founded in 2001 (then as The Optical Regional Advanced Network of Ontario, or ORANO) with the support of the Ontario Government. ORION is a self-sustaining not-for-profit organization kickstarted by the Ontario Government under Premier Harris.

ORION is owned and operated by a not-for-profit corporation governed by a board of directors, which includes representatives from the fields of education, research and business. ORION was initially funded by the Government of Ontario with additional funding from CANARIE, as well as private and public sector organizations and institutions. ORION is a self-sustaining organization, generating revenue from its connected institutions through user access fees and over network-based services.

In April 2023, GTAnet merged with ORION.

Network

The network spans 6000 km and connects 28 communities throughout Ontario. Almost 100 organizations and special projects connect to ORION directly, including 21 universities, 22 colleges, 34 school boards representing 2 million students, 13 teaching hospitals and medical research centres, and other research and educational and public library facilities.

ORION connects to research and education networks elsewhere in Canada and internationally through the national CANARIE network, which exchanges with ORION at the Toronto Internet Exchange.

THINK Conference
ORION hosts the annual THINK Conference and bestows the annual ORION Leadership Awards, to recognize individuals and groups who have led and championed the use of advanced and collaborative technologies to support research, education, innovation and discovery here at home in Ontario or on the global stage.

title: ORION (research and education network)


text:
Talk:Jiang Qing

Untitled
There is a lot of revealing information on Jiang Qing and the Gang of Four and Mao's death in The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician, a memoir by Dr. Li Zhisui published 1994. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.47.228.216 (talk) 14:35, 20 June 2013 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Aaedwar.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:14, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
This article does not even state the charge against Jiang Qing. Shorne 03:42, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Encyclopedia Britannica says that she was Mao's third wife; is the current article correct in saying that she was his fourth wife?

Yes! On page 7 Jung Chang quotes Mao (The Unknown Story): 'When I was 14, my parents married me to a girl of 20. But I never lived with her...I do not consider her my wife...' Gather the confusion is of this origin. But indeed it was an actual marriage.

""" "Comment" Jung Chang's book "The Unknown Story" is not a work to rely on, it has been research by a large number of experts in this area and they all agreed on the many faults of the book. She is not a historian. Unfortunately I do not at the moment have the source for this except a leading sinologist telling me this face to face. Will return with facts. """
 * There are accurate accounts suggesting Mao did have an arranged marriage when he was still working as a farmer. The marriage did not formally take place, but is considered as one that had. [[User:Colipon|Colipon+(T)]] 23:02, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

If it wasn't legally recognized why are we writing "fourth wife" all over her wiki page? It contradicts Mao Zedong's page where it says she was his 3rd wife. Someone needs to fix it because it looks dumb and makes wikipedia look bad. Unless there is undeniable fact showing its his fourth wife she should be called 3rd. If we choose not to do that than change Mao's page too so its not so contradictory. Please, figure this out its really confusing for those of us just passing by and reading it.

此篇文章可能尚存错误. 最后一段说道江青在1991年保外就医，在释放后自杀，但是现实说法是江青是在1991年5月14日保外就医的过程中在公寓用毛巾上吊自杀的. The last sentence sais Jiang released for medical reasons in 1991, then release. But maybe the truth isn't it. Many articles said that Jiang suicided herself on May 14, 1991, in her apartment in the time of medical with a towel.--Flsxx 01:23, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wait, why is she listed as a "polygamist?"

Suicide
Note that the entry under Jiang Qing states that she committed suicide, but the entry under Gang of Four says that she "supposedly" committed suicide. Given the nature of the Chinese government I think it unlikely we have good information about her death, but shouldn't the two have similar language? Suggest something along the lines of "according to the government, she committed suicide", rather than getting into the implications behind "supposedly" or the presumed factuality of "she committed suicide". 70.107.171.204 (talk) 11:14, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Photograph Caption?
Shouldn't the first photo have a caption? When was it taken? Where? - Speaker for the Dead 15:40, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Real Name??
So what was her real original name? Lǐ Shūméng? Lĭ Jìnhái? Lĭ Yúnhè?

The narrative of this in the Early Years part is completely confusing. 208.87.248.162 (talk) 00:50, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * There is no "real name". Jiang Qing's situation is very complicated. The closest thing she has to a "real name" is Jiang Qing itself. Read the section on "names" and you will probably get a better idea. Colipon+ (Talk) 00:05, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Death of Mao
The section on the death of Mao could really use some citations, as it makes a number of declarations about her suspicious behavior there. It's possible this is accurate, but it sounds suspiciously like after-the-fact maligning of Jiang Qing by Maoist editors. 162.84.185.225 (talk) 19:40, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

 * The first four paragraphs of this section closely parallel mentions of Jiang Ching in the description of Mao's death in The Private Life of Chairman Mao by Li Zhisui. Someday I may add the relevant citations, but it's a pretty low priority for me at the moment.--Wikimedes (talk) 01:16, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Education
Is it ever stated why Jiang was able to attend school while most girls her age were not? Until about 1920s, you did not send your daughter to school if you lived in China (the schools were all occupied by young boys and later men in high schools and universities). She was born in 1914. Thanks in advance. 75.5.5.83 (talk) 23:20, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The "Names" section even states, "Many females in that time period did not receive formal education or given names". I am assuming her parents were wealthy and open-minded enough to support it. 75.5.5.83 (talk) 23:21, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

Fukuda Cemetery
It is quite strange that the Japanese translation of the cemetery is used in this article instead of its original Chinese name (Futian), even though it seems the cemetery has nothing to do with Japan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nzlittlesheep (talk • contribs) 15:00, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

"Hooking someone"?

 * After arriving in Yan'an, Jiang began to think seriously about "hooking someone". After several affairs, Jiang began seriously plotting the seduction of Mao Zedong, clapping ostentatiously at his lectures and inviting herself into his cave. Soon after Mao and Jiang became acquainted, Zhou Enlai discovered Mao having an affair in the wilderness with Jiang, but exercised discretion.

Is there another, more reliable source for this? The current source is written about a book that is written about the supposed "facts" about Jiang Qing. Do we have any, perhaps, first-hand accounts of the personal lives of Jiang Qing and Mao Zedong? ZhangYuu (talk) 20:43, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
 * The source is one of the more standard sources available in English for Jiang, and the phrase "hooking someone" was quoted in that source. Most of this article is unsourced, so this section, if anything, raises the standard of the article, even if the source relies partially on anecdote.  If facts from the source need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, I do not believe that the quoted section's depiction of Jiang is contrary to other reports of her character, or how she is generally viewed by Chinese historians.Ferox Seneca (talk) 23:17, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I cannot believe an article that pretends to be neutral can use such language and use as a serious source a book called " THE WHITE— -BONED DEMON". Is this for real? This should be removed or completely rewritten until a more credible source is found, as it is now it goes out of its way to demonize Jiang Qing.
 * There are many books with eye-catching and seemingly derogatory titles, yet they meet Wikipedia's reliable source standards and are otherwise cited by historians. For example, books discussing cult leader Jim Jones include titles like Seductive Poison, Our Father Who Art in Hell, and The Broken God. Likewise, Ross Terrill's biography of Jiang Qing is one of the main sources of Jiang's life in English; being subtitled "The White-Boned Demon" doesn't change that. --Ismail (talk) 03:15, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Did or didn't Li Na, Jiang and Mao's daughter, go insane?
It is asserted in the article that Li Na (the only daughter of Jiang and Mao) was forced to divorce her husband, and as a result went insane. The source is a New York Times review of a 1984 biography of Jiang. However, this information is nowhere to be found in Li Na's article. In fact, it seems (from the article) that she has lived quite a productive life, and is currently a member of the PCC.

So, which source is to be trusted? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.255.2.77 (talk) 16:29, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

 * The sources in Li Na's biography look like they are all Chinese-language PRC sources. Chinese government publications (like the People's Daily) are all self-published sources, and are not reliable when discussing the history of the PRC. Non-government PRC sources are censored from writing too much about the Cultural Revolution, so they are generally not reliable sources of information for this period, either. Li Na's biography is very short, and doesn't discuss the period of Li's life during the Cultural Revolution, when Jiang would have victimized Li.

 * If you think that a New York Times book review is too tertiary to be reliable, I could look up the information in the actual biography and improve the relevant citation. I could probably improve Li's article.Ferox Seneca (talk) 23:47, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Specious claims and Bad sources for them
Hi. Wanted to post this here for discussion, if that is needed but the obvious reason why I deleted certain parts was because what jumped out was that these parts read as a propaganda partisan piece, and no wonder when I looked at the sole source used to make it being a partisan and non-reliable source: Boxun News Network! If those claims are true then they must be made with reliable sources, academic sources by China specialists. Thus, deleting them is a must per WP policies. So, please don't restore it unless you can explain why this source can possibly be deemed reliable or appropriate. Lets make WP look good, and encyclopedic!24.5.69.164 (talk) 22:12, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

And for those who are not familiar with Boxun, its a dissident press akin to a tabloid style publication. Boxun's policy is that anyone is free to submit news to their website, which means that many of these stories are contributed anonymously and are unverifiable. This source absolutely has no place being used as a reference to support controversial claims, esp. sensationalistic ones about alleged planned murders, etc. 24.5.69.164 (talk) 22:19, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't know much about Boxun, but I accept your criticism of it. I agree that, if the article detailing the circumstances of Sun Weishi's imprisonment and death were anonymous or from an obscure author, the source would be spurious, unreliable, and should be removed. I believe that the information should be restored because the article is an excerpt from a book written by a reliable author, Zhang Langlang.

 * Zhang is a China-educated Chinese historian who later worked as a professor in Germany. He isn't well-known, but his accounts of the Cultural Revolution have been examined and taken at face-value by numerous reliable and academic sources. Many of the sources that mention him aren't available on the internet, but I was able to find a few: here, here, and here. If you have access to JSTOR, you can find numerous academic articles on him, his work, and his writing here. Zhang's account of how Jiang targeted Sun for her personal relationship with Jiang and Zhou is very similar to other, alternatively sourced accounts of how Jiang targeted her personal "enemies" during this period (some of which are included in this article). Because of the way Jiang targeted Sun in this account is consistent with her other activities during the Cultural Revolution, I do not believe that Zhang's account should be considered controversial.Ferox Seneca (talk) 01:17, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

 * That sounds reasonable to me, but can you verify the credentials of Zhang? Everything I found only lists him as a dissident writer, who studied poetry. Also, I would expect to see his claims substantiated in some way, or at least repeated by other verified scholars on the question. I was unable to find that either. This story, as far as I have been able to find has only been claimed by Zhang Langlang. Because it alleges a rather serious offense, and should be regarded as requiring substantiation. 24.5.69.164 (talk) 01:42, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Getting information on both Sun Weishi and Zhang Langlang is difficult, because they are both fairly obscure characters, and because most of the information about them isn't freely available online (in English). I know only a few sources that discuss Sun in English: she has a short biography that confirms much of Zhang's details in this book, but that section isn't available online. This book describes how Jiang hated both Zhou and Sun, but the section on Sun's death has been cut from the version available online. This book says clearly that "Sun Weishi was tortured to death... by Jiang Qing". Because other reliable sources agree that Jiang hated Sun, partially for her relationship with Zhou Enlai, and that Jiang had Sun arrested and tortured to death in 1968, Zhang's account is standard. Zhang's account is cited here because it is the most available account I can find that goes into the most detail.

 * Zhang himself is pretty obscure, I think moreso for me because most of his historical writing has been exclusively in Chinese. Page two of this document describes Zhang as an "art historian", but he has published some historical books that don't seem strictly related to art history: here, here, and here. I agree that Boxun in general is probably unreliable, but I think that there is enough information available to confirm that Zhang himself is a reliable source, and that his account of Sun's death is standard.Ferox Seneca (talk) 17:49, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

Opera
Didn't she write several operas ? Is that notable ? Eregli bob (talk) 07:27, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Please find sources and add the information that you believe is notable to the article.Ferox Seneca (talk) 05:45, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

"Major player" but "stayed essentially on the sidelines"
The text offers this assessment of her political career during the last decade of Mao's life and the height of the Cultural Revolution: "Although a prominent member of the Central Cultural Revolution Group and a major player in Chinese politics from 1966 to 1976, she essentially remained on the sidelines.[1]" Mind explaining how it is possible for someone at the same time to be a "major player" and "remain on the sidelines"? Since "sidelines" is a sports metaphor, imagine the problem here in these terms, a dialogue between A and B. A asks B: so was C a major player in last night's game (analogous to the political scene in China from 1966-1976). A: Yes, but (equivalent to the "although" in the article-????) he essentially stayed on the sidelines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.48.228.89 (talk) 05:56, 28 January 2014 (UTC)

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Citations urgently needed
A large number of sections and information stated in this wiki is unreferenced. I have added tags to that effect. Can someone please provide (reliable) sources for them? Else it reads more like a potboiler plot (albeit an interesting one) rather than a serious wiki of a person who was extremely influential in China's recent past. Thanks a lot. Notthebestusername (talk) 03:52, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:22, 29 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Jiang Qing 1976.jpg

Her status in current China
It would be good to know how she is regarded by the current Chinese in power? And also, as well, by the common people? Alcmaeonid (talk) 06:04, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: HIST 4048 Women and Gender in Modern China
— Assignment last updated by Physical12138 (talk) 03:36, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jiang Qing