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Talk:Purge

Purging in Wikipedia
What about "purging" a page in Wikipedia? I don't quite understand what that does, so I came here to find out...pie4all88 02:03, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You mean to purge a page from your browser's cache? Basically, to save time, when you visit most pages, your web browser keeps a copy of the page on your computer in what is called the cache, so that if you visit the page again, the browser can simply bring up the copy that's on your computer instead of having to download the page from the web again, which takes time. However, this means that if a change was made to the page on the web, the page may be out-of-date in your browser cache; to purge the cache means to empty the cache to force the browser to get a new, up-to-date copy of the page from the web.  —Lowellian (talk)   19:21, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks a lot Lowellian. I've heard that you need to purge certain pages (like the main page or its components) so that everyone will be able to see the changes...does this mean that you can explicity clear all visitor's caches (or just the page's cache) so they will see the correct page or something? pie4all88 02:47, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * See Bypass your cache for more info Petersam 05:59, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Post-Revolutionary Purge?
I couldn't find a reference to violent purges of American Tories, so I removed it. If you put it back, please reference another article. Thanks! --AllanBz 05:35, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Purges in American Revolution
Purges need not be violent though there were many acts of violence against Tories. Local Committees of Safety stripped Tories from their posts, had them arrested, and confiscated their property. After the revolution, 100,000 fled the US with half settling in Canada (United Empire Loyalists). This is roughly one in twenty-five of the pre-revolutionary population. My source is a college history textbook. I wont repost it until there is a consensus here. See also: []

The United States / Amerindians
The United States has never been a position where purges were called for -- Really? what do you call the obliteration of native americans, then? Is this not a purge because native americans were not considered human beings, or at least not members of the community, or why doesn't it count? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.217.150.34 (talk) 20:50, 18 December 2006 (UTC).
 * The latter reason. A purge involves ridding a society of its "undesirables." Amerindians belonged to nations and societies separate from the U.S. and were killed or displaced as part of an invading nation's military campaigns to seize the land for its settlers. "Ethnic cleansing" would be a better descriptor, as the treatment was applied to the indigenous in general, even those like the Cherokee who tried to integrate, not just troublesome individuals. Although many tribes are still technically separate nations, a modern-day operation might come closer to the definition of a purge since their members are full U.S. citizens. However, purges are usually conducted towards people considered a threat, and Amerindians are our most disempowered ethnic group(s) by most measures. 128.255.157.250 22:24, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * War and genocide is not "purge". Purge is when a society turns hostile onto itself, onto some of its member, generally for ideological-political reasons. It often involves elites and cleaning up of the establishment. Amerindians genocide is not a purge. Yug (talk)  14:38, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

Purge (the shop)
Purge is a UK based cruelty free shop which only sells products approved by BUAV or featured in the compassionate shopper by Naturewatch. It stocks cruelty and toxic free cosmetics, toiletries and eco cleaning products. Purge has a shop based in the West Midlands and also a website at purge the world. It's tag line is purge the world of animal testing - go cruelty free Purge has a following of people looking for cruelty free products all in one place and also the many people suffering from ailments caused by the toxic chemicals contained in many high street products. Sahar2000 (talk) 01:14, 30 April 2010 (UTC) ₵₡ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.148.85.51 (talk) 08:38, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Single source?
Tons of claims in this article that are uncited. Can we make an effort to improve that? A sentient pickle (talk) 13:04, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

Hongkong (2020) ?
I edit mainly on turkey Purges, but I see similar patterns in Hongkong right now, at a smaller scale but still decisive pace. China is doing some kind of surgical purges via security laws, SLAPP, arrests, forced disappearances against key activists, protesters, intellectuals, publishers, and representatives. Yug (talk)  14:34, 11 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Jimmy Lai, Media Mogul, Is Charged Under Hong Kong’s Security Law https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/world/asia/hongkong-jimmy-lai-national-security-law.html
 * As Hong Kong Law Goes After ‘Black Sheep,’ Fear Clouds Universities https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/07/world/asia/hong-kong-china-national-security-law-university.html
 * As China Clamps Down, Activists Flee Hong Kong for Refuge in the West https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/world/asia/hong-kong-asylum-seekers.html
 * Hong Kong opposition lawmakers all quit after four members ousted https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/11/china-pro-democracy-hong-kong-lawmakers-opposition-oust
 * Hong Kong: seven pro-democracy legislators arrested https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/01/hong-kong-seven-pro-democracy-legislators-arrested
 * Hong Kong pro-democracy lawmakers arrested over 2019 Yuen Long protests https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/26/hong-kong-pro-democracy-lawmakers-arrested-over-2019-yuen-long-protests
 * Hong Kong primaries: China declares pro-democracy polls 'illegal' https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/14/hong-kong-primaries-china-declares-pro-democracy-polls-illegal
 * Hong Kong's national security laws are designed to make the media self-censor https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/14/hong-kongs-national-security-laws-are-designed-to-make-the-media-self-censor
 * Hong Kong protester 'Grandma Wong’: I was held in mainland China for 14 months https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/18/hong-kong-protester-grandma-wong-i-was-held-in-mainland-china-for-14-months

Norway
The Legal purge in Norway:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_purge_in_Norway_after_World_War_II

Any volunteers? Kartasto (talk) 11:14, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Purge


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Hwa Chong Institution

Hwa Chong Institution (HCI) is an independent secondary educational institution in Bukit Timah, Central Region, Singapore. It was established in 2005 by the merger of The Chinese High School (1919–2004) and Hwa Chong Junior College (1974–2005).

HCI provides secondary education for boys only from Years 1 to 4, and pre-university education for both boys and girls in Years 5 and 6. Since 2005, HCI and its affiliated school Nanyang Girls' High School have offered a six-year Integrated Programme, which allows students to skip the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examinations and proceed to take the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations at the end of Year 6. Its name "Hwa Chong" ("Hua Zhong" or "华中") is an abbreviation of The Chinese High School's Chinese name, "Hua Qiao Zhong Xue" or "华侨中学".

A Ministry of Education-designated FutureSchool, HCI operates under the Special Assistance Plan (SAP) for bilingualism, and offers the Integrated Programme and the Gifted Education Programme. HCI has been a top feeder school for international students to the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge. The institution is also a member of Strategic Alliance of Global Educators, Strategic Educational Alliance of Southeast Asia and the Global Learning Alliance which involves some of the world's most innovative schools from the highest performing nations, including Australia, Canada, China, Finland, New Zealand, Singapore, Sweden, and the United States. HCI has also forged partnerships with educational institutions across five continents, including cross-border research collaboration with the Dominion High School in Virginia and Staples High School in Connecticut.

History
Previously two separate but affiliated schools — The Chinese High School and Hwa Chong Junior College – HCI was established through a merger on 1 January 2005. It was among the first batch of schools to offer the six-year Integrated Programme, which leads directly to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations at the end of the sixth year. In spite of the merger, the High School section remains boys-only. The College section remains co-educational; its Integrated Programme cohort consists of boys from Hwa Chong's High School section as well as girls from Nanyang Girls' High School.

The Chinese High School (1919–2004)

The Chinese High School was founded by Tan Kah Kee in March 1919 at Niven Road, as the Singapore Nanyang Overseas Chinese Middle School. With an enrolment of 78 pupils, it was the first Chinese institution of higher learning at that time in Southeast Asia, catering to Chinese dialect groups amongst the overseas Chinese. Six years later, the school moved to its Bukit Timah campus.

After its founding, the school offered comprehensive secondary level Chinese education. It remained funded and supported by Tan Kah Kee until shortly before World War II. In 1934, Lee Kong Chian, Tan Kah Kee's son-in-law, became the chairman of the school's board and remained in his post until 1955. During his tenure, the school faced the threat of closure several times due to financial difficulties, but managed to survive due to strong financial support from Lee and Tan. Together, they built a legacy which is currently commemorated by the school body through songs, plays, musical performances, and a heritage trail.

During the Battle of Singapore, the school's clock tower, due to its height and vantage point, served as a headquarters for the Allied defenders. Following the war, the school resumed its predominant Chinese education. In the 1950s and 1960s, during periods of civil unrest in Singapore, many students, teachers and alumni participated in or led the anti-colonial riots.

After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the school came under the purview of the Ministry of Education and was accorded the Special Assistance Plan (SAP) status in 1979. Later, in 1988, the school achieved the status of an independent school. This scheme was perceived by the ministry as successful, and was thus extended to other well-performing schools in Singapore. On 19 March 1999, the school's clock tower was gazetted as a national monument.

Hwa Chong Junior College (1974–2004)

In the late 1960s, Singapore's education system for secondary schools was in the form of a four-year programme followed by a two-year programme for pre-university education. The Chinese High School's board of directors decided to construct a junior college immediately adjacent to the school. This junior college was the second to be built in Singapore, and the first government-aided one.

Hwa Chong Junior College began lessons in 1974 under the same administration as The Chinese High School. The name "Hwa Chong" ("Hua Zhong") is an abbreviation of The Chinese High School's Chinese name, "Hua Qiao Zhong Xue", to mark the relationship between the two schools. During its initial thirteen years, Hwa Chong Junior College gradually developed into a top junior college in Singapore, with the school frequently producing high-scoring students in the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations.

Hwa Chong Junior College moved out of its campus at Bukit Timah Road in the late 1980s following the discovery of structural problems with the building to facilitate rebuilding. Students were relocated to Ngee Ann Polytechnic initially, before a temporary campus was erected in Bukit Batok. The temporary campus was utilised from 1987 to 1992, as reconstruction works proceeded at the original campus. Lessons restarted at the original campus in 1993.

After The Chinese High School was accorded independent school status in 1987, Hwa Chong Junior College followed suit in 2004, becoming the first junior college in Singapore to be granted the status of an independent school.

Merger as Hwa Chong Institution (2005–present)
Following the introduction of the Integrated Programme into Singapore's education system in the early 2000s, The Chinese High School merged with Hwa Chong Junior College on 1 January 2005 to form an integrated institution, featuring a High School section and a college section. The merged institution kept the native name of The Chinese High School, and adopted "Hwa Chong Institution" as its administrative name. The college section is formally renamed as "Hwa Chong Institution (College)" In the same year, Hwa Chong International School was established under the auspices of the institution, offering independent education that leads to the International Baccalaureate Diploma.

When HCI was formed in 2005, the former Hwa Chong Junior College's principal Ang Wee Hiong became the new principal and chief executive officer of HCI, while Hon Chiew Weng, who was previously the principal of The Chinese High School, became principal of the High School Section and Deputy Chief Executive Officer of HCI.

In 2008, HCI was selected by the Ministry of Education to implement the FutureSchools@Singapore programme, one of five initial schools to do so and amongst the eventual fifteen planned. In the same year, the Hwa Chong Diploma was introduced and has been awarded to the best performing 30% of each year's graduating cohort on top of the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level certificate.

After Hon Chiew Weng succeeded Ang Wee Hiong as Principal of HCI in 2009, the role of chief executive officer was abolished. Hon stated that since HCI was a school and not a company, there was no need for a chief executive officer. Hon retired on 22 December 2017, and was succeeded by Pang Choon How, an alumnus of the school who was previously the principal of Chung Cheng High School (Main).

100th Anniversary
HCI commemorated its centenary on its founder's day, 21 March 2019.

On 21 March 2019, in commemoration of the school's centennial, a dinner dubbed the "dinner of 10,000 people" was organised and held. It was celebrated in the field before the school's iconic clock tower and the statue of Tan Kah Kee, the school's founder. The celebratory dinner entered the Singapore Book of Records as the largest school anniversary dinner, with 12,581 attendees, including Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. This was the fifth time Hwa Chong had organised such a celebratory dinner, with prior dinners in 1979, 1989, 1999 and 2009.

The same year, the school staged the Centennial Musical at the National University of Singapore Cultural Centre. The musical featured 537 participants, and was attended by alumna Sim Ann, Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of Communications and Information. The Singapore Symphony Orchestra's Tan Wee-Hsin was the conductor, while Yang Wenzhong was the director at-large with the orchestra comprising HCI students.

Uniform and attire
In the High School Section, students in Secondary 1 to Secondary 3 (inclusive) wear a white short-sleeved shirt with khaki short trousers and white socks, which must cover the ankles. The four metal buttons must be worn on the two front pockets and on both shoulders. The school collar pin should be worn on the left collar. Either white, blue or black shoes with either white or black laces must be worn. Secondary 4 students wear beige long trousers with a beige shirt, similar to the boys in the College Section. College girls wear a beige blouse and a beige skirt. The uniform for the College Section is the same as that of the former Hwa Chong Junior College, and it was designed by a Malay girl of the pioneer batch.

Discipline
Students earn demerit points for poor behaviour. Accumulated demerit points can affect final grades and eligibility for certain awards, scholarships and overseas trips. The student handbook for the High School Section states that students who commit serious offences may be punished with detention, caning, suspension, or expulsion. Only the principal or discipline master may administer caning. Students found smoking are immediately caned or suspended or both. Caning may also be given for integrity-related offences (e.g. cheating), uncivilised behaviour (e.g. defiance), and criminal offences (e.g. fighting).

Crest
The current school crest of HCI is a stylised form of the traditional Chinese character Huá (華), which is part of the school name and reflects its Chinese heritage. The crest, with a red background, also bears much similarity to a burning torch of passion.

Nanyang Girls' High School
HCI offers the six-year Integrated Programme with its affiliated school Nanyang Girls' High School (NYGH), which is known as the Hwa Chong Affiliate Programme. Under the programme, NYGH students and HCI High School students proceed to the HCI College Section for their pre-university education in Years 5 and 6, and sit for the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations at the end of Year 6. However, HCI High School and NYGH students who have not achieved a Mean Subject Grade (MSG) of 3.00 or below at the end of Year 4, or who have applied to leave the Integrated Programme, do not proceed to the HCI College Section for Years 5 and 6.

Hwa Chong Family of Schools
Under the umbrella Hwa Chong family of schools, HCI is affiliated to Hwa Chong International School (HCIS) and Hwa Chong Institution Boarding School (HCIBS). All three schools share the same prefix in their names, and are located in the same main campus. However, in spite of the multi-sharing, each school possesses its own set of facilities, though students from the different schools may access and use the facilities in other schools.

HCIS is a co-educational, private independent international school offering a six-year programme from Grade 7 (11–13 years old) to Grade 12 that leads to the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma. In the interim years, the students will sit for the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE). HCIS saw its final batch of graduating IGCSE students and the first batch of graduating IB students in 2010.

HCIBS is the institution's boarding school, accommodating HCI's international scholars. It also houses international scholars studying in other local schools such as Singapore Chinese Girls' School and Bukit Panjang Government High School. Local Singaporean boarders staying in the boarding school are participants of HCI's Integrated Boarding Programme. The boarding complex was designed by architect Kenzo Tange, consisting of seven six-storey halls providing accommodation for up to 1,000 boarders or guests.

Campus
The main campus of HCI in Bukit Timah covers 72 acres, making it one of the largest campuses in Southeast Asia. The campus land is shared among the Hwa Chong family of schools, which also include Hwa Chong International School and Hwa Chong Institution Boarding School. Also onsite is the Bukit Timah campus of the Singapore University of Social Sciences and its administrative headquarters. Despite the multi-sharing, each entity possesses its own set of facilities, marked by certain perimeters. The school also has a national monument in its campus.

Clock Tower
The 31-metre tall clock tower of the school is a national monument. It is the only school in Singapore to have a national monument in its campus. It is built in the neoclassical architectural style. It was built in 1925 by Swan & Maclaren and was funded by donations of the Chinese community. The clock tower was gazetted as a national monument in 1999. The classrooms in the building which holds the clock tower is used for special programmes.

Library
There are two libraries in the campus, the Jing Xian Library in the college section and the Kong Chian Library in the High School section respectively. The Jing Xian library was founded in 1974, and was renamed in 1983 in honour of the father of the chairman of the management committee. The Kong Chian Library officially opened as the Kuo Chuan Library in 1957, but was later renamed in honour of Lee Kong Chian in 1967.

Science Research Centre
The Science Research Centre, built in 2008, has ten purpose-built laboratories in which students experience different research disciplines outside of the usual curriculum, including labs for Robotics and Engineering, Biotechnology and Microbiology, and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. The centre provides resources to support the research and innovation programmes, serving as a central facility for student research activities.

Ong Teng Cheong SALT Centre
The Ong Teng Cheong Student Activities and Leadership Training Centre (also called the Ong Teng Cheong SALT Centre, or the SALT Centre), named in honour of alumnus Ong Teng Cheong, the fifth President of Singapore, aims to develop students holistically, particularly in arts and leadership development. Housed in it are dance studios, music rooms, and a cardiovascular and weight-training room. The centre also houses a moot parliament hall modelled on the Singapore Parliamentary Chamber. The venue is used for events such as student council meetings, co-curricular activities, lectures by guests speakers, and Model United Nations conferences such as the Hwa Chong Model ASEAN Summit and The Hague International Model United Nations conference.

Other facilities in Hwa Chong Institution include a table tennis room, street soccer courts, a judo dojo, three-storey library, a makerspace, a gymnasium, a 400-metre track, a multi-purpose hall, a multi-storey carpark, lecture theatres, general laboratories and classrooms.

Beijing Satellite Campus
In line with the school's plan to set up a Global Academy, HCI established its Beijing Satellite Campus in 2007, the first of its kind for a Singapore school. An agreement was inked with The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, in which classrooms will be leased. A total of four batches of students make their way to the campus every year, staying for up to two months. Priority is given to scholars of HCI's Bicultural Studies Programme and Humanities Programme. Students in the campus take lessons together with students from China in partner schools, carry out community involvement activities, and take field trips to cities such as Xi'an, Tianjin and Shanghai.

HCI has been quoted as saying that it is looking to opening satellite campuses in India and the United States, with the aim of establishing the two in the near future. In July 2010, it was announced that HCI would be developing a school in the Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City in Guangzhou, akin to that of its first satellite campus, following the inking of a memorandum of understanding. This would see HCI partnering a top local school for exchange and mutual learning programmes.

Xi'an Winter Campus
In addition to the Beijing Satellite Campus, the Xi'an Winter Campus was set up in 2011 with its site based in High School Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University. Students partaking in the Winter Campus programme would spend four weeks there attending lessons that are conducted in Chinese and focused on humanities subjects including history, geography, literature, socio-Economic as well as political aspects of China. This programme also provides opportunities for students who are strong in English, mathematics and the sciences, but weaker in Chinese, to better master the language and to immerse themselves in a different environment, and at the same time, appreciate Chinese culture and history.

Information
Secondary 1 (around age 13) boys first enter the High School Section and study there for four years before proceeding to the College Section, where they prepare to take the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations at the end of Year 6. The High School Section uses the Mean Subject Grade (MSG) grading system in tests and exams. The school-wide Integrated Programme offered enables students to skip the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examinations, which is typically taken by Secondary 4 students in Singapore. The Hwa Chong Diploma was introduced in 2008 and is awarded to the best performing 30% of its graduating cohort. It is awarded on top of the GCE Advanced Level certificate, and is an added qualification to university applications.

The school enrols an estimated 4,000 students, spread across the six levels, with a student-teacher ratio of 13:1. Hwa Chong Institution has produced 58 President's Scholars. The college section's Humanities Programme has a significant percentage of its students going on to study abroad at places such as the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, University of Chicago, NYU, UC Berkeley, Peking University and Tsinghua University.

Consortia and faculties
Students in the High School Section are divided into what are called consortia – a different naming convention from the typical house system. The four consortia in the school are Aphelion, iSpark, Ortus and ProEd. The iSpark consortium houses HCI's Gifted Education Programme students. The consortia work closely with one another and each has its own student council. In the College Section, faculties exist in place of the consortia. There are four faculties – Apollo, Ares, Athena and Artemis – named after Greek deities.

Special programmes
Various special programmes are offered in HCI, such as the Bicultural Studies Programme, the Art Elective Programme and the Science and Math Talent Programme. These programmes offer a degree of specialisation that is generally not possible in the standard curriculum, enabling students in the school to explore respective fields to a greater degree. Despite having similar names, the special programmes offered in the High School and College sections are different; however, most are closely associated with each other. An example would be the Humanities Programme (HP), in which the high school HP focuses on the three core humanities subjects – History, Geography and English Literature, while the college HP offers a greater variety of subjects such as China studies and economics while gearing students for university humanities programmes locally and abroad.

Special programmes offered in the school are as follows:

 * Bicultural Studies Programme (BSP)
 * Computing Talent Programme (CTP)
 * Language Elective Programme (LEP)
 * Science and Math Talent Programme (SMTP)
 * Humanities Programme (HP)
 * Art Elective Programme (AEP)
 * Malay Special Programme (MSP)
 * Research Studies
 * School-based Gifted Plus Programme
 * Gifted And Talented Education Programme (GATE)
 * Structured Integrated Programme (SIP-for students who are not faring well in their studies)

In 2008, the Centre for Scholastic Education (CSE) was set up to house all special programmes in the High School Section except for the AEP and the MSP. They are the BSP, HP and SMTP. From 2013 onwards, all students participating in Special Programmes are housed under CSE, part of the iSpark Consortium. The Integrated Programme-Special Programme (IPSP) has been abolished in the same year. CSE also used to house the now-defunct Entrepreneurship Programme. CSE is an umbrella term to describe the specialised academic programmes offered at the upper secondary level.

HCI's AEP students have consistently attained awards such as the UOB Painting of the Year Award, and scholarships from the Media Development Authority, National Arts Council, Urban Redevelopment Authority and Ministry of Education to further their studies within creative fields. All in all, the programme aspires to produce cultural leaders and entrepreneurs who will contribute to Singapore's cultural capital in the areas of fine art, design, and new media

In 2013, the Special Science and Maths Talent programme (SSMT) was introduced to the SMTP curriculum to train talented students in areas such as physics and biology. Sexuality and relationship education programmes are also conducted.

Sabbatical Programme
Under HCI's Integrated Programme, the Sabbatical Programme is offered whereby students from Secondary 1 to 4 go on one-week sabbatical courses in each term in the first semester (Terms 1 and 2). The programme is unique in allowing the majority of the school populace to put aside formal curricular lessons for a week in pursuit of their passions or interests, though some students are required to attend certain courses by their teachers' discretion. Sabbaticals offered are of a wide variety, in categories as defined by the school: Arts & Aesthetics, Chinese Studies, Humanities, English & Literature, Leadership, Technology, Science and Math, Camps and Student Exchange; they are essentially courses for students to opt for, such as beginner guitar and songwriting lessons, professional music production, Model United Nations training camps, football friendlies with other schools, etc. Also, the school requires students to use the specifically designed Online Bidding System – the i-ComP – to organise their sabbatical plans. Students who accumulate demerit points as a result of various offences are penalised in their sabbatical bidding or are recommended for corrective work order.

Co-curricular activities
HCI offers a wide variety of extra-curricular activities called co-curricular activities (CCAs) by the Ministry of Education, and this is in part due to the school's large student population and size. It offers more than 30 CCAs.

Sports

There are a number of sports CCAs offered in HCI, ranging from soccer to ten-pin bowling, and from wushu to touch rugby. The fencing, canoeing, gymnastics, judo, shooting, table tennis, and track and field teams garner nationwide achievements almost every year. HCI has won track and field championships in most divisions. The HCI track & field team used to hold and currently holds a few national records, particularly in pole vault. Other sports which have achieved significant results over the years include the basketball, canoeing, taekwondo, volleyball, water polo and wushu teams. For example, in 2010, the volleyball team won the championships in both A divisions (Boys and Girls). Nine HCI students were selected to represent Singapore in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, two of them from the championship-winning basketball team.

Uniformed groups
There are currently four uniformed groups in HCI: National Cadet Corps (Land), National Police Cadet Corps, St John Brigade, and Scouts (and Ventures & Rovers). These CCAs provide a highly structured organisation and a well-defined hierarchy. The HCI National Cadet Corps unit (HCINCC) has been awarded Gold for 15 consecutive years, winning the Best Unit Competition (BUC) in 2000. Also, HCINCC is the only Centre of Excellence in Precision Drill department amongst all NCC units in Singapore. The National Police Cadet Corps (NPCC) is currently the largest uniformed group in Singapore, and in HCI, in terms of membership. HCINPCC is also the only unit in Singapore to have achieved 25 consecutive gold awards in the annual Unit Overall Proficiency Award (UOPA), as of 2022. They have received The NPCC Golden Cane, in honour of their achievement. The St John Brigade is one of two schools awarded Gold in the Corps Achievement Award for 20 consecutive years. The Scouts uniformed group hosts the Bugle Band and Lion Dance troupe, which performs at special and commemorative events. All four uniformed groups achieved Gold in the annual national assessment. Apart from regular planned training, other activities include inter-unit competitions in bowling and captain's ball.

Performing arts

In 2010, there are eleven performing arts groups in HCI, which are the Chinese Orchestra, the String Orchestra, the Piano Ensemble, the Chinese Drama Club, the Harmonica Ensemble, the English Drama Club, the Choir, the Music And Dance Society, the Guitar Ensemble, the Band and lastly Chinese Dance. By 2023, this number has decreased to 6: Chinese Orchestra, String Orchestra, Chinese Drama, English Drama, Choir, and Band. The 2010 Singapore Youth Festival, saw the English Drama Club judged, where it attained a Silver Award. The previous year, 2009, saw the other performing arts groups being assessed; a number of awards were won, including two Golds with Honours for the Chinese Orchestra and the High School Band.

Apart from occasional performances held locally in Victoria Theatre and the school's Drama Centre, many of the performing arts groups travel overseas both for exchange and performances. Amongst them, the High School Band, the Choir, the Chinese Orchestra and the String Orchestra are notable for their international achievements. In 2010 the College Choir attained significant achievements in international competitions, the Festival of Songs in Olomouc, Czech Republic. while in 2011, the choir attained a Gold with Honours in the 2011 Singapore Youth Festival Central Judging of Choirs. The Chinese Orchestra has performed in many overseas performances in China, Malaysia and Australia, and even performed in the SYF closing ceremonies in 2005 and 2009. The Chinese Orchestra has attained Distinction for the Singapore Youth Festival Central Judging for Chinese Orchestras from 2013 to 2023, the highest available accolade, with the exception of 2019, where it gained accomplishment. It attained gold from 1993 to 2011, which was the highest award at the time the grading system was still in effect. The High School Band, which once performed in the Istana, travelled to Hawaii to attend the Pacific Basin Music Festival for the second time in 2010, attaining a gold award. The Band has also performed at the National Day Parade. The High School String Orchestra, more commonly known by the acronym "HCISO", has also travelled widely. It won first runners-up at the open category of the 2006 Gothenburg International Music Festival, and went on tour with the Australian Boys Choir to Melbourne and Johor Bahru to perform at the opening of the 7th JB Arts Festival. More recently, HCISO has achieved Distinction at the 2023 Singapore Youth Festival. Indeed, all 6 performing arts CCAs has achieved Distinction in the 2023 Singapore Youth Festival, with the exception of Choir. It was also one of the six schools, and the only school in Asia, to be invited to participate in the 2012 Los Angeles International Music Festival at the Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Leadership
HCI has nine major leadership bodies for both High School and College. The five leadership bodies in High School are: the High School Council (HSC), Green Council (GC), Values-in-Action Council (VIAC), Students' National Education Council (SNEC), and the Co-curricular Activities Council (CCAC), and four consortium councils. The College equivalent of the HSC is the Hwa Chong Students' Council (HCSC), and the College equivalent of the VIAC is the Community Involvement Programme Council (CIPC). HCI also has faculty committees for College, in place of consortium councils. Consortium councils and faculty committees represent the individual consortiums (Aphelion, iSpark, Ortus, Proed) and faculties (Ares, Apollo, Artemis, Athena).

Members of all councils in High School are selected through annual leadership camps; for College, members of the HCSC are elected via voting amongst students of the faculty candidates are from. For the College GC, CIPC and SNEC, the President, Vice-President and Attache are selected from the HCSC, while other members go through a standard selection process. For faculty committees, the Faculty Head and Vice Faculty Head are selected from the HCSC and sit as ex officio members of the HCSC Social and Relations Committee. Other members of the faculty committees, namely the Programmes, Sports and Publicity members-in-charge, are first elected by their classes. A shortlist of three students per class is then sent for an interview with faculty leaders before a faculty committee member is selected.

Outreach programmes
HCI organises academic competitions and conferences, both for its students and external participants. The school organises the Asia Pacific Mathematical Olympiad for Primary Schools (APMOPS) and the Singapore Mathematical Olympiad for Primary Schools (SMOPS). The International Science Youth Forum (ISYF) is hosted at HCI and co-organised by Nanyang Technological University, Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS), bringing students from across Asia-Pacific together to network and dialogue, with Nobel laureates coming down to share their experiences in the scientific field; a record five Nobel laureates were involved in 2010. Hwa Chong annually hosts the Asia-Pacific Young Leaders Summit (HCAPYLS) which brings students all across the world to discuss global issues in summit dialogues. The school also annually hosts the Asian Youth Chinese Forum (AYCF), in conjunction with the school's Bicultural Studies Program (BSP), as well the Student Leaders' Convention (SLC).

Hwa Chong also hosts various Model United Nations events such as Hwa Chong Model ASEAN Summit (HCMAS), and Hwa Chong Conflict Resolution and Inquiry (HCCRI).

2020 Singaporean general election
In 2020, an email from the school administration advising students not to discuss matters regarding the 2020 Singaporean general election sparked controversy and debate. It was sent on the school's Integrated e-Message Board to College Section students, advising them to avoid posting anything related to the general election on social media platforms associated with the school, as well as the students' own social media accounts. A screenshot of the message was leaked and circulated online, stirring debate on topics such as free speech, political opinions and whether youths should be free to engage in political discussions.

The incident led to a backlash in which a group of alumni, led by filmmaker Anthony Chen, sent a letter to the school administration to express their disappointment. HCI defended its advice to students in a statement saying, "Our intention is not to silence students' voices, nor to curb their interest in national issues. Instead, we encourage our students to engage actively in discussions and even debates on national issues, in a safe environment." The school refused to comment if disciplinary action had been taken against students who had raised concerns.

Homophobic sex education
On 13 July 2022, a school counsellor at the institution gave a talk to secondary 4 students using false content that many deemed to be homophobic. According to reports, amongst the content shown to students was "What are LBGT so proud of?" followed by a list: "58% of homosexuals have problems with intestinal worms", "23% of children with lesbian parents have been sexually abused", "78% of homosexuals have STDs" and "1 in 15 homosexuals is a pedophile". Photos of the presentation quickly went viral and was reported by local press and by rights groups in Singapore.

Following the backlash, Hwa Chong released a statement saying that the presentation was based on the individual staff's personal perspectives and not of the school or MOE. The school also promised a review of the processes. The school initially suspended the counsellor from giving further sexuality education presentations. On 2 August 2022, however, Minister for Education Chan Chun Sing revealed in a written reply to a question in Parliament that the school had suspended the counsellor from all duties, pending further investigations.

Organizations like Pinkdot have condemned the message and Hwa Chong's response to the incident, saying, "To chalk this incident up to the actions of one rogue counsellor ignores systemic issues of inadequate sexuality education.".

Notable alumni
HCI and its predecessor schools, The Chinese High School and Hwa Chong Junior College, have a wide alumni base extending to various sectors and industries in Singapore and other countries. One of the schools alumnus is Pang Choon How, the current principal of the school. Its best-known alumnus is probably Ong Teng Cheong, the fifth President of Singapore, who graduated from The Chinese High School in 1955.

Other prominent alumni include politicians such as Grace Fu, Ng Chee Meng, Lee Yi Shyan, Sim Ann and Sam Tan, as well as Singapore Armed Forces top brass such as Ng Yat Chung, Ng Chee Khern, Hoo Cher Mou, Ng Chee Peng, Goh Si Hou and Kelvin Khong.

HCI's more notable alumni in business and finance include TikTok chief executive officer Shou Zi Chew, Hyflux founder Olivia Lum, Trafigura Asia chief executive officer Tan Chin Hwee, Novena Holdings founder Toh Soon Huat, and United Overseas Bank chairman Wee Cho Yaw.

In the arts and media, there are also notable HCI alumni such as The Straits Times editor Warren Fernandez, musicians Liang Wern Fook and Eric Moo, and artist Tan Swie Hian. South Korean band PENTAGON's Yang Hong-seok was also a student at Hwa Chong International School.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hwa Chong Institution


text:
User:Adam Carr/RK ban

The banned user "Mr. Natural Health", and other users Simonides, and Raul654, along with Zero, have succeeded in banning me from Wikipedia for four months. They had absolutely no reason to do so, but they did it out of sheer hatred and malice.

I find their behaviour dishonest, shocking and unjustified. A few weeks ago Jimbo wrote and said that I am not going to be banned, and that I was just being hysterical. Yet Raul654 told me that Jimbo had authoried this ban. Someone was clearly lying, and I am sure that it was Raul who was not being honest.

Ironically, this uncalled for ban occurs on the heels of a long discussion, in which most of us recognized that several troublemakers were pushing away long-time Wikipedia contributors, and allowing trolls to run wild. Apparently, the clique who banned me is trying to make certain that the trolls run the asylum. Now Mr. Natural Health, Simonides and their sock-puppets can do huge amounts of damage yet again.

Consider the following seven facts. Has anyone EVER been banned from Wikipedia for such a huge amount of time in such cases? NEVER. Not once. There is clearly a lynch mob that hates me, lead by Mr. Natural Health and Simonides, two anti-Semites, one of whom even publicly admitted to being a Nazi. (Yet he wasn't banned for that, but I have been banned for complaining about their harassment.)

Facts about this case.

1* I am not involved in any flame wars. So why the ban?

2* I am not involved in any revert wars or edit wars. So why the ban?

3* The supposed problems are in articles in which the articles HAVE ALREADY BEEN RESOLVED, long ago! So why the ban?

4* I repeatedly take week-long (or longer) Wiki-breaks (like the last 10 days) to let things cool down and allow other people to have their say without any problem. So why the ban?

5* I have taken many contentious articles OFF of my Watchlist, and simply let others do what they want, rather then engage in multiple arguments. So why the ban?

6* I have asked for and successfully used mediation when necessary. So why the ban?

7* I have been successfully working with a large group of others on potentially acrimonious articles, without revert wars, and with great progress being made on many articles. So why the ban?

Folks, this is a clear abuse of the system by a small group of people who hate me. And it won't go unnoticed by the trolls, or Wikipedia haters.

Robert (RK)

A small group of people banned me for no reason. In response, on the official Wiki-En list, Fred Bauder made this incoherent personal attack:

> But just today on Talk:Holocaust denial examined > you made the following edit: > ":::HistoryBuffEr, you are clearly makin anti-Semitic > and ad homenim attacks towards Jay, and you are pushing > a Nazi agenda. Your edits will be reverted. > RK 17:58, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)"

> Now, you may be right. I don't follow the edits in this > area, but still a personal attack. I would have banned > you long ago, but played no role in the arbitration > case. May I suggest you take what happened as a lesson > and learn from it and when you come back take a lighter > attitude and have some fun instead of the constant > uproar.

I am shocked by Fred's lies and condoning of anti-Semitic personal attacks. HistoryBuffEr has repeatedly been filling Wikipedia with multiple ad homenim anti-Semitic attacks, all of which use anti-Semitic terminology straight from Jew-Watch, a Nazi website. In response, MANY Wikipedia users have condemned this person for his outrageous behaviour, and it now looks like he may be banned.

Yet out of all the people who have been condemning his anti-Semitic attacks, Fred Bauder picks on me alone, and dishonestly pretends that I am somehow attacking people? Huh?

As far as I can tell, Fred Bauder thinks that it is Ok to come onto Wikipedia, harasss people, revert pages, create flame wars, and use racist hatespeech. And no ban. But when multiple people object to such behaviour, Fred uses this as a reason to ban me? And then says that I should have "fun" with this kind of Jew-baiting?

This is precisely the kind of anti-Jewish rhetoric that I was complaining about last year. No one on this list ever bans people for racist hatespeech, even when they admit to being a Nazi (like Mr. Natural Health), or even when they use Neo-Nazi JewWatch tactics, like HistoryBuffEr. Yet objecting to this gross abuse someone is grounds for a ban?

Is obecting to wife-beating worse than beating one's wife?

It is no wonder that Wikipedia is getting a bad rep, and this latest incident will only convince the world at large that Wikipedia doesn't work, and is controlled by hateful extremists. Fred's outrageous blame-the-Jew-victim mentality is an example of Wikipedia at its utter worst.

Robert (RK)

title: User:Adam Carr/RK ban


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sultanpunk

Sultanpunk
Three hits on google, two from the page of the guy who coined the term, and the other a proclamation about that site's existence. Personally I find it kind of interesting but there doesn't seem to be any sort of notability whatsoever. Sarge Baldy 02:06, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. 3 Google hits: isn't this a speedy candidate? You know, I have, on occasion, made up my own words, but I don't go around adding them to Wikipedia. This whole situation is sultanpunkulicious. Let's just Geogreify this one, with extreme prejudicity. func(talk) 02:23, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I would have speedily deleted it but it doesn't seem to meet a single criteria. Sarge Baldy 02:25, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * I was actually just looking for a good excuse to make up words.... ;-) func(talk) 02:34, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete- as much as I enjoy the field of Fakeworditology, this is just not worthy. Barneyboo 02:42, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete that sucker. Kill it!  KILL! Erm, yeah.  Tim McCormack 04:08, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Delete. utcursch 11:54, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I'm a verb!  I'm a verb!  Help, I'm a cop!  Help, I'm a cop!  (Neologism of no standing.) Geogre 13:55, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * In truth, to "Geogreify" should mean to come up with a brilliant policy that gets voted down, (and for all the wrong reasons) :( func(talk) 23:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I'm very concerned that most Wikipedia members here are not actually researching the claims proposed by the submitter of each VfD and just taking what they writeup at face value.  This is evident based on many of the candidates I've reviewed today and their slanted nature.  Clearly, this is not one of those instances; I've voted for Delete.  Radman1 14:50, 18 Oct 2004 (PST)


text:
List of Sorbs

At about a population of 60,000 (30,000 of which speak Sorbian), the Sorbs are the smallest Slavic-speaking group in Europe.

This is a list of notable Sorbs.

Historical

 * Czimislav (839–840) – 9th-century King of the Sorbs
 * Jakub Bart-Ćišinski (1856–1909) – Poet, writer, playwright, and translator
 * Jan Kilian (1811–1884) – Pastor and leader of the Sorbian colony in Texas
 * Korla Awgust Kocor (1822–1904) – Composer and conductor
 * Ludwig Leichhardt (1813–1848) – Explorer and naturalist
 * Jan Arnošt Smoler (1816–1884) – Philologist and writer
 * Handrij Zejler (1804–1872) – Writer, pastor, and national activist
 * Pavle Jurišić Šturm, born Paulus Eugen Sturm (1848–1922) – General in the Serbian Army

Contemporary

 * Jurij Brězan (1916–2006) – Writer, novelist, and author of children's books
 * Martha Israel (1905–c. 1967) – member of the Volkskammer
 * Jurij Koch (b. 1936) – Writer, editor, and reporter
 * John Symank (1935–2002) – Head coach for Northern Arizona University and the University of Texas at Arlington football teams, defensive back in the NFL, and player for the University of Florida
 * Mato Kosyk (1853–1940) – Poet and minister
 * Baldur von Schirach (1907-1974) – Nazi German politician and convicted war criminal
 * Kito Lorenc (1938–2017) – Writer, lyric poet, and translator
 * Kurt Krjeńc (1907–1978) – East German politician and Chairman of Domowina
 * Marie Simon (1824–1877) – nurse
 * Erwin Strittmatter (1912–1994)
 * Stanislaw Tillich (b. 1959)
 * Mina Witkojc (1893–1975)
 * Carolina Eyck (b. 1987)
 * Peter Schowtka (1945–2022) – member of the Landtag of Saxony
 * Eva Ursula Lange (1928–2020) – painter, illustrator, graphic designer, and ceramist
 * Margot Robbie (b. 1988), Barbie and Australian actress of Scottish, German and Sorb heritage.

title: List of Sorbs


text:
Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs

The Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs (Sanctuaire des martyrs canadiens), commonly known as the Martyrs' Shrine, is a Roman Catholic church in Midland, Ontario, Canada, which is consecrated to the memory of the Canadian Martyrs, six Jesuit Martyrs and two lay persons from the mission of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons. It is one of six national shrines in Canada, including, among others, Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.

History
In 1907, Dennis O'Connor, Archbishop of Toronto, consecrated a small chapel at Waubaushene, near the site where Sts. Jean de Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant were martyred. In 1925, Fr. John M. Filion, provincial superior of Jesuits in Canada, decided to pursue the construction of a larger church closer to the mission. He bought the Standin farm in Midland, across the road from Sainte-Marie.

Construction began that year, using some materials from the Waubaushene church and others donated by lumber companies in Northern Ontario. Pews, stained glass windows, Stations of the Cross and an altar were donated by churches in London and Toronto. The interior, shaped like an overturned canoe, was designed and built by Ildège Bourrie. Construction on the shrine was completed by the winter of 1925, and the shrine was formally consecrated on June 25, 1926 by Cardinal William Henry O'Connell of Boston, Massachusetts. The shrine houses the bones of St. Jean de Brébeuf, St. Gabriel Lalemant, and St. Charles Garnier. Due to cold temperature conditions, the shrine is closed in autumn and winter, because it was built without any insulation. During that period, the reliquaries are taken out of the church.

The martyrs were subsequently canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1930. Pope John Paul II visited the Martyrs' Shrine in September 1984, and prayed over the skull of Brébeuf.

title: Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs


text:
Andranik Eskandarian

Andranik Eskandarian (Armenian: Անդրանիկ Իսքանտարեան,, born 31 December 1951) is an Iranian former footballer. He played as a defender for the F.C. Ararat Tehran, Taj SC and New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League.

He won the Iranian league in 1975 and reached the second place in 1974. Further he won the Hazfi Cup in 1977. He played six years for Taj SC. Taj's fans called him Barbed Wire.

Eskandarian was a member of the Iranian team winning the Asia Cup 1976 in Tehran and reaching the quarterfinals of the Olympic Tournament in Montreal in 1976. He also played for Iran in the 1978 World Cup, the country's first appearance in the tournament. He infamously was the first member of Iran's team to score in the World Cup: an own-goal in a match against Scotland that his teammate later tied, 1-1. The game was still considered a success for Iran, including Eskandarian's play as a defender against Kenny Dalglish and Joe Jordan, and an embarrassment for Scotland.

Soon after that, he moved to America to play for the highest-profile team in the country, the New York Cosmos, beginning in the 1979 season. After the Cosmos folded in 1984, Eskandarian played for the New York Express during its half-season in the Major Indoor Soccer League. From 1989 through 1990, he played for the New Jersey Eagles of the American Soccer League.

Personal
Andranik Eskandarian was born on 31 December 1951 in Tehran in an Armenian family. He is the father of former Major League Soccer player Alecko Eskandarian. Eskandarian became a United States citizen in 1984 and now owns and operates two sporting goods stores in New Jersey.

Club

 * Taj
 * Iranian Football League: 1974–75
 * Hazfi Cup: 1976–77

 * New York Cosmos
 * North American Soccer League: 1978, 1980, 1982

National

 * Iran
 * AFC Asian Cup: 1976

title: Andranik Eskandarian


text:
Accrington Pals

The Accrington Pals, officially the 11th (Service) Battalion (Accrington), East Lancashire Regiment, was a pals battalion of Kitchener's Army raised in and around the town of Accrington during the First World War.

History
Recruiting was initiated by the mayor of Accrington following Lord Kitchener's call for volunteers, and it took only ten days to raise a complete battalion. The battalion's nickname is somewhat misleading since of the four 250-strong companies that made up the original battalion, only one was actually composed of men from Accrington. The rest volunteered from other nearby East Lancashire towns such as Burnley, Blackburn, and Chorley. The men from Chorley, who formed Y Company, were known as the Chorley Pals. The men from Burnley, who formed Z Company, were known as the Burnley Pals.

The Accrington Pals joined the 94th Brigade of the 31st Division, a "pals" division containing many North Country pals battalions. With the 31st Division. The division was initially deployed to Egypt in early 1916 to defend the Suez Canal from the threat of the Ottoman Empire  The troopship carrying the Accrington Pals was narrowly missed by a torpedo, a fortunate miss because the ship also carried sixty tons of lyddite explosive.

The Accrington Pals next moved to France, where they first saw action in the Battle of the Somme. On the first day on the Somme, on 1 July 1916, the 31st Division was to attack the village of Serre-lès-Puisieux and form a defensive flank for the rest of the British advance. The 31st Division's attack on Serre was a complete failure although some of the Accrington Pals made it as far as the village where they were killed or captured. One of the battalion's signallers, observing from the rear, reported:

 * "We were able to see our comrades move forward in an attempt to cross No Man's Land, only to be mown down like meadow grass. I felt sick at the sight of the carnage and remember weeping."

Approximately 700 men from the Accrington Pals went into action on 1 July; 585 men became casualties, 235 killed and 350 wounded in about half an hour. The battalion's commander, Lieutenant-Colonel A. W. Rickman, was among the wounded. A rumour spread around Accrington that only seven men had survived from the battalion, and an angry crowd surrounded the mayor's house and demanded information.

The Accrington Pals were effectively wiped out in a matter of minutes on the first day on the Somme. The battalion was brought back up to strength and served for the remainder of the war, moving to the 92nd Brigade of the 31st Division in February 1918.

12th (Reserve) Battalion
The 12th (Reserve) Battalion, East Lancashire Regimen, was formed on 14 May 1915 at Chadderton Camp, Oldham, from the depot companies of 11th Battalion. This was a local reserve battalion, that is, a reserve battalion for the locally raised (pals) battalion intended to provide trained reinforcements for its parent unit. In the autumn of 1915 it was at Prees Heath Camp in the 17th Reserve Brigade.

On 1 September 1916, it transferred to the Training Reserve (TR) as the 75th Training Reserve Battalion in 17th Reserve Brigade. It was redesignated as the 233rd (Infantry) Battalion, TR, (for those who had completed basic training) on 9 July 1917, and on 23 July it joined 205th Bde of 68th Division at Herringfleet in Suffolk. On 1 November 1917 it was transferred to the King's (Liverpool Regiment) as 52nd (Graduated) Bn. Later it moved to Lowestoft, and in the spring of 1918 it was at Saxmundham. In June 1918 it moved to Henham Park, where it remained for the rest of the war. After the war it was converted into a service battalion on 8 February 1919 and sent to join the British Army of the Rhine, where it served in 14th Bde of the Lancashire Division until October 1919. It was disbanded in Germany on 13 February 1920.

Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. One member of the battalion won the award. Second Lieutenant Basil Arthur Horsfall, 1st Battalion attached to the 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment, won the award on 21 March 1918, between Moyenneville and Ablainzevelle, France. The award was posthumous.

Legacy
A song telling their story was written and recorded by English folk singer and comedian Mike Harding. A play based on the unit, The Accrington Pals, was also later written by Peter Whelan.

Memorial
A memorial to the battalion stands in the Sheffield Memorial Park in France. Built from Accrington brick and dedicated in 1991, the memorial stands close to the location of the trench line from which the Accrington Pals advanced on the first day of the Somme.

title: Accrington Pals


text:
Offshore Festival

The Offshore Festival was a camp-out rock and alternative music festival held during Easter at a farm near Torquay, Victoria, Australia from the late 1990s to 2001. It was run by the same organisers as the Falls Festival, held at nearby Lorne on New Year's Eve. It interlinked with the Rip Curl Pro surfing event, held at nearby Bells Beach and festival ticketholders had free admission to the surfing event.

The festival reached its peak in 2000, when it sold a capacity of 20,000 tickets. The organizers moved the event to the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds (home of the Big Day Out) the following year.

Artist lineups
Over the years, the Offshore Festival featured a large range of artists including Blink 182, Silverchair, Tool, Rollins Band, NOFX, Pennywise,  L7, Primus, Cosmic Psychos, The Living End, Ben Harper and the Innocent Criminals, The Wailers Band and more.

1995
Silverchair

1997
Friday 28 March Snout The Living End The Mark of Cain Blink 182 Saturday 29 March Def FX Grinspoon Sunday 30 March The Sloths Silverchair Tool

1998
Friday 10 April Michael Franti & Spearhead Pre Shrunk Stereophonics The Avalanches The Living End The Mavis's Violetine Saturday 11 April Everclear Front End Loader Moler MxPx No Fun at All Painters and Dockers Sandpit Snout The Superjesus

Sunday 12 April Good Riddance L7 Mr Blonde Primus Sick of It All The Cruel Sea The Tea Party The Wailers Band Tomorrow People

1999
Friday 2 April 28 Days 99 Reasons Why Area-7 Beaverloop Cosmic Psychos Custard Gerling Guttermouth John Abrahams Moler Pollyanna Reel Big Fish Shihad Sonic Animation The Celibate Rifles The Cruel Sea The Fauves Saturday 3 April Something for Kate Blink 182

Sunday 4 April Ben Harper and the Innocent Criminals Regurgitator The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion

2000
Friday 21 April 28 Days Grinspoon Ozomatli

Saturday 22 April Area-7 Michael Franti & Spearhead NOFX Pennywise Royal Crown Revue Testeagles

Sunday 23 April Primus Rollins Band The Living End

2001
Friday 13 April Augie March Ben Harper Bomfunk MC's Fatboy Slim Frankenbok H-Block 101 Machine Gun Fellatio Resin Dogs Superheist You Am I

Sonic Jihad

title: Offshore Festival


text:
Kingsley College Australia

Kingsley College was until 2008 a Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia school of theology located in Melbourne, Australia.

Its student body had always been largely non-Wesleyan Methodist, and without the students from other Christian denominations the school probably could not have survived as long as it did.

History
The college was founded by President of the Australian Wesleyan Methodist Conference and editor of the Australian Wesleyan Kingsley Ridgway in 1948, and was (despite being in Melbourne) until 2008 a member institute of the Sydney College of Divinity.

It was originally known as the Wesleyan Methodist Bible College of Australia; but in 1973 its name was changed to honour its founder upon his retirement. It was funded initially from donations made by Wesleyan Methodist church members in North America, reported by Ridgway as being "in the neighbourhood of one dollar (six shillings) per member over the whole connexion". Its first principal was professor Leo G. Cox, an American who was elected Conference President in 1948 after Ridgway.

In January 2008 it merged with Tabor Victoria, with the majority of its staff and faculty and the whole of its library transferred to Tabor, with its original building and property scheduled to be sold. What was left of Kingsley provided only Methodist ministerial training under the umbrella of Tabor, with the tertiary education moving to Tabor.

title: Kingsley College Australia


text:
User talk:Kweh!

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:12, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Teehee. Ten points :) Lacrimosus 01:56, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Nomination of Kingsley College Australia for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Kingsley College Australia is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kingsley College Australia until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. TarnishedPathtalk 03:03, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kweh!


text:
User talk:Revenge

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:12, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Hottest 100 '97
Hi there, it looks like we began to write the article at the exact same time - when I started editing, no article existed. I overwrote the article with my version, as I had copy and pasted the format from another one so it would look more consistent. I noticed there were a few differences, so I'll go through and correct anything that my save stuffed up. -- Chuq 04:32, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC) Revenge 05:10, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Damn, that's annoying, all that work wasted. But yes you are right, you were using the better format so keep your version. :)

Meetup in March
I see that you are listed as a participant in the WikiProject Melbourne. If you are a Melbourne resident I would appreciate your views on the suggested Meetup in March. Please give some indication of your interest, or otherwise, in the idea. Even a simple "No thanks" with your user name would be welcome and assist in assessing the level of support for a meetup. Thank you.. Cuddy Wifter 06:30, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Revenge


text:
William James Stewart

William James Stewart (February 13, 1889 – September 28, 1969) was a Canadian politician. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada. Stewart also owned and operated the Bates and Dodds Funeral Home on Queen Street West in Toronto.

Early life
He was born in Toronto and first worked as an office boy at a bicycle shop. His education largely consisted of evening courses taken at Shaw Business School in Toronto.

Mayor of Toronto
Stewart was alderman for Ward 5 in Toronto from 1924 to 1931. He defeated former mayor Sam McBride, who was attempting to return to office, in the 1931 mayoral election and served as Mayor of Toronto from 1931 until 1934. Stewart was the first mayor to use regular radio broadcasts to keep Toronto citizens informed. He also pushed for the restoration of Fort York, which was re-opened in 1934. He entered provincial politics in 1936 when he ran for the leadership of the Ontario Conservative Party. He came in third place behind Earl Rowe and George Drew. He was elected in a by-election on October 5, 1938, as Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Parkdale in Toronto's west end.

Stewart also owned and operated the Bates And Dodds Funeral Home at 931 Queen Street West at Strachan Avenue

Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Following the 1943 election that brought George Drew's Tories to power, Stewart became Speaker of the legislature, a difficult task as the Progressive Conservatives (as they were known by then) had only a minority government. He was reappointed Speaker following the 1945 election until he suddenly resigned in March 1947 to become a backbench Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP). Farquhar Oliver, leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, introduced a motion that the assembly refuse to accept the resignation of Stewart but this motion was ruled out of order.

Backbencher and committee member
Stewart became a backbencher and went on to serve on various committees, serving as Chairman of the Select Committee on Reform Institutions from 1953 to 1955. Stewart served until 1948 when he lost to CCF candidate Lloyd Fell. He regained his seat in the 1951 provincial election. He remained a member of the legislature until the 1959 election when his Parkdale seat was won by a Liberal and he left politics.

Life after politics
He served briefly as a member of the Ontario Parole Board in 1960 but found the position too strenuous. Stewart was named chairman of the Toronto Historical Board the following year. He died in Toronto eight years later.

The Stewart Building on College Street bears his name.

Family Connection
Stewart is the uncle of former Toronto Fire Services Chief William Albert Stewart and brother to Thomas Beamish Stewart.

title: William James Stewart


text:
Cobalt Flux Pad

The Cobalt Flux Pad is a polycarbonate plastic and metal dance pad that is used with console dance games such as Dance Dance Revolution. It is designed and manufactured by the Salt Lake City-based company Cobalt Flux. It was cited as a popular DDR controller and was also distributed to various institutions.

Features
Fundamentally, the Cobalt Flux Pad is similar to most dance pad designs. Instead of the typical four arrow plus corners panel layout as is common in soft dance pads, there are nine usable foot panels (center, left, right, up, down, and corners).

Internally, the Cobalt Flux Pad is unique among typical hard/metal dance pad designs. Official Dance Dance Revolution arcade machine dance pads contain a hollow area beneath each panel with small sensor switches. The Cobalt Flux design contains no hollow areas. Sensor contact is achieved by the flexing of layers of lexan panels and metal plates on a solid wood base.

The Cobalt Flux Pad itself connects to a "control box", which contains the start and select buttons for the dance controller. The connection to the control box uses a 15-pin serial connector which hangs out of the top of the pad as a dongle. This control box also handles the wiring needed for different gaming console connectors, which lead off of the control box. The control box is removable.

Cobalt Flux have provided two modification kits for their dance platforms. One kit version adds raised black textured panels to the corner panels, and more closely mimics the feel of the arcade platforms.

In 2009 Cobalt Flux launched a system called Blufit which is an eight-mat wireless multiplayer system with their own proprietary dance software, Streetfeet. Eight of these would link together into a 64-player system. Other active or fitness games could be played on it using either the dance pad as a controller, or other input peripherals.

Compatibility
The pad is compatible with both DDR style games (using four arrows), and Pump It Up simulators (using five buttons). However, official Pump It Up compatibility requires a separate control box, and the corner square panels are smaller than their rectangular equivalents in Pump It Up. It is also compatible with the existing eight arrow Dance UK game

The original control box shipped with Cobalt Flux pads was designed to work only with the PlayStation 2; many home players wanted to use the pad with an Xbox or PC, but running this control box through converters for standard PS2 controllers usually caused an unacceptable amount of latency during play. Cobalt Flux has since released a new control box with built-in connectivity for PS2, Xbox, and the PC.

There is also a special Pump It Up version of the control box that enables the center sensor and properly maps all buttons in order to play Pump It Up without issue. This version connects to PS2 only.

Additional versions
In 2005, Cobalt Flux began to offer more durable dance platform variations with extended warranties and additional features like monitor mounts. These were installed at schools, fitness centers, and other institutions, and had identifying decals and black trim to distinguish them from the residential pads.

These commercial versions are intended to be fixed in place and also have shock absorbing material included to lessen joint strain. The heaviest duty commercial mat is built to US military specification and has a four-year warranty. School platforms have handles as these tend to be set up and packed away.

Reception
Wired magazine described the Cobalt Flux Pad as "pricey", criticizing it as sliding on uncarpeted surfaces, and making "quite the racket" when used. They also cited the necessity for Xbox players to use an adapter as a downside. However, they praised its sturdiness and the ability to link them together. PSM2 magazine also called it a "very expensive pad", as well as "solid" and "surprisingly cool-looking". They ultimately described it as "easily the highest-quality pad we tested" and "wonderfully responsive", noting that it came with non-skid sticky pads.

Edge magazine called the pads "excellent" and "a health club alternative to step aerobics", citing their use in a linked setup by Scandinavian company Positive Gaming at ATEI 2006. Skrolli magazine described the pad as one of the best on the market for home use, but also noted some downsides, such as the propensity for debris to get caught inside the mechanism and cause errors in step recognition.

title: Cobalt Flux Pad


text:
Trifekta

Trifekta is the name of a now defunct Australia based independent record label, based in Fitzroy, Victoria. It was started in 1997 by Tom Larnach-Jones (Shock Records), Tim Everest and Paul 'Presser' Towner (Gerling).

The first release for the label was debut release for The Avalanches, a limited edition 7" single entitled "Rock City". This was followed by another limited edition 7" single, this time Gerling's "Bachelor Pad" single. Towner returned to Sydney and not long after this, Everest left the label in the hands of Larnach-Jones, so that he could focus on his fashion label Schwipe.

Artists
Bands released on the Trifekta label include:
 * The Crayon Fields
 * Deerhoof
 * Magnolia Electric Co.
 * Minimum Chips
 * Mountains in the Sky
 * Preston School of Industry
 * Xiu Xiu
 * Architecture in Helsinki
 * Art of Fighting
 * The Avalanches
 * The Decemberists
 * Dynomite D
 * Gerling
 * Gersey
 * The Go-Betweens
 * Life Without Buildings
 * Motor Vehicle Sundown
 * Ninetynine
 * Sodastream
 * Songs: Ohia
 * Superchunk
 * Ukiyo-e
 * Via Tania
 * Your Wedding Night

title: Trifekta


text:
User talk:Jrobinson5

Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Welcome to Wikipedia. You may have been editing from a dynamic IP, which explains why you got the message in error. Now that you have a username, you will not get this messages anymore. My apologies, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Candy apples and donuts
Welcome to Wikipedia. No need to thank people for their contributions; we all work together. Note that I moved "Candy Apple" to "Candy apple" (lower case "A" on "apple") because the convention is to only capitalize the first word if the subject isn't a name.

Also, thanks for the image on donut but I flagged it as a possible copyright issue at Copyright problems and will let the experts there resolve.

Again, welcome! Samw 04:40, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Image:Tv_illustration.PNG
Did you make this image yourself? Please provide source- and copyright info. - Mgm|(talk) 17:24, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:How candy apples are made.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:How candy apples are made.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

Your submission at Articles for creation
 You recently made a submission to Articles for Creation. Your article has been reviewed and because some issues were found, it could not be accepted in its current form; it is now located at Wikipedia&. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. Feel free to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved. (You can do this by adding the text to the top of the article.) Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Nathan2055talk-review 20:22, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Bar Rescue

A tag has been placed on Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Bar Rescue, requesting that it be deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which articles can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may be soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
 * It is a rejected submission at Articles for creation, and it has not been edited in over a year. (See section G13 of the criteria for speedy deletion.)

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Northamerica1000(talk) 10:26, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jrobinson5


text:
Rap rock

Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Characteristics
AllMusic characterized rap rock songs as rock songs in which the vocals were rapped rather than sung. AllMusic also states that the rhythms of rap rock are rooted in those of hip hop, with more funk influences than normal hard rock. Session player Eddie Martinez, who created the guitar parts for hip hop group Run-DMC's rap rock song "Rock Box", recognized that "a rap-rock song needn't feature a new change in the chorus; rather, it's a spot where the guitarist can just solo over the same riff that drives the verses."

Rap rock is often conflated with rap metal, but while the two styles may appear to have minute differences, AllMusic says that rap rock has "organic, integrated" hip hop elements, while rap metal features "big, lurching beats and heavy, heavy riffs" and has a tendency to sound "as if the riffs were merely overdubbed over scratching and beat box beats." AllMusic says that old school rap rock had more in common with "hardcore punk or artsy post-punk with breakbeats" than with metal.

Old school rap rock (1980s to mid-90s)
Early hip hop DJs utilized breaks from rock records, such as Billy Squier's "the Big Beat", the Monkees' "Mary, Mary" and Steve Miller Band's "Take the Money and Run", in order to "flaunt their vinyl guile". Impressed by post-punk band Public Image Ltd.'s incorporation of dub elements into their music, hip hop artist Afrika Bambaataa collaborated with the band's singer John Lydon on the single "World Destruction". The post-punk and new wave scenes also saw the early rap rock recordings "The Magnificent Seven" and "This is Radio Clash" by the Clash, influenced by Grandmaster Flash and the Sugarhill Gang, and the new-wave rap song "Rapture" by Blondie. Although the Cold Crush Brothers' "Punk Rock Rap" did not see much success and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five would wind up being jeered opening for the Clash, Run-DMC saw a crossover audience with their rap rock sound, helping gain rock fans' acceptance of hip hop. Subsequently, Public Enemy would further unite hip hop and punk rock audiences, "with their rough, hard-hitting boom-bap sound resonating with both black kids in the inner cities and white kids in the suburbs". Public Enemy brought a punk rock attitude to hip hop; frontman Chuck D cited punk band the Clash's triple album Sandinista! as a release that made him take notice of hip hop. Another link between hip hop and punk rock was producer Rick Rubin, who split his time between working with hip hop artists Run-DMC and Beastie Boys, and punk-influenced bands like Slayer and the Cult.

Although hip hop music would gain popularity in the 1980s, many dismissed it as either bring a fad, or as a marginal art form which appealed only to urban African Americans. However, a rap rock collaboration between Run-DMC and the rock band Aerosmith helped diminish such biases. The 1986 single "Walk This Way", a remake of Aerosmith's 1975 rock song, helped bring hip hop into popularity with a mainstream white audience. It was the first Billboard top ten rap rock success played on radio. The music video signaled "both a literal and metaphoric merging of hard rock and rap"; the recording revitalized Aerosmith's career. The same year that Run-DMC released "Walk This Way", Beastie Boys released their debut album, Licensed to Ill, "a head-banging party album that enjoyed multi-platinum sales". According to CNN, the album "essentially invented rap-rock", as demonstrated by songs like "Rhymin' and Stealin'", which was built around samples from Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin and the Clash, "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)" and "No Sleep till Brooklyn", which featured guitar playing by Slayer's Kerry King. Also that year, rap rock band Urban Dance Squad formed, and according to AllMusic writer Heather Phares, the band's "mix of rock, rap, funk, ska, folk, hip-hop, and soul signaled the trend toward genre-bending that prevailed in '90s music." Public Enemy's 1988 album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back contained a song which sampled Slayer, and in 1991, the hip hop group would re-record their song "Bring the Noise" with the metal band Anthrax, a collaboration Spin deemed to be a weak retread of the "Walk This Way" collaboration. The 1990s saw rap rock achieving mainstream success. Faith No More reached a large audience with their 1990 hit "Epic", in which the band's singer, Mike Patton, mixed singing and rapping. Rage Against the Machine also saw success with rap rock music influenced by political hip hop. According to the BBC, 1990s hip hop artists like Ice Cube, DMX and Onyx displayed the punk rock sensibilities of hip hop. This period also saw Beastie Boys reinventing themselves by distancing themselves from the frat boy image they portrayed on their Licensed to Ill album; harkening back to the group's roots in hardcore punk, Beastie Boys began playing live instruments again on their 1992 album Check Your Head, a "groundbreaking record that captured suburban skateboard culture with a goofy melding of rap, rock, funk, and thrash" and this album, along with their follow-up, Ill Communication, demonstrated that rock, hip hop and jazz could coexist on a single album. However, the genre had developed a bad aesthetic reputation, owing to "a series of ill-advised, record-company driven projects" which included the soundtrack album to the film Judgment Night (1993), which featured rock artists collaborating with rappers on every track, the results of which Slate described as being "lumpy and uneven" in its fusion of rap with grunge and metal; Slate wrote, "the subsequent corporate rap rock of the '90s followed the blander, more conservative examples of fusion to be found on Judgment Night." In the book ''Is Hip Hop Dead? The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most Wanted Music'', author Mickey Hess identifies Kid Rock as connecting hip hop music to rap rock, due to the musician having started out as a hip hop artist, before shifting his style from sample-based hip hop to guitar-driven alternative rock that fused hip hop beats, boasting and fashion with hard rock guitar and Southern rock attitude, influenced by classic rock and country music. After releasing "two albums of pure Beastie Boys worship", including his first rap rock album, The Polyfuze Method (1993), Kid Rock began to explore his Southern rock influences on Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp (1996), and Devil Without a Cause (1998) "extended the lineage of rap-rock" with an album that sold over 14 million copies, and helped to "ignite the rap-rock genre".

Golden age rap rock (late 1990s)
The late 1990s has been cited as rap rock's "golden age". Separate from rap rock, but developing popularity around the same time in the late 1990s, was nu metal, which would ultimately be conflated with rap rock, although the two genres did not have much in common. However, the Woodstock '99 festival and the band Limp Bizkit would wind up linking, as well as shifting critical opinion of both genres from the acclaim they'd initially received to near-universal disdain. The band's frontman, Fred Durst, grew up with hip hop music, and Limp Bizkit would have a stronger connection to rap rock than any previous artist in nu metal, including having former House of Pain turntablist DJ Lethal as part of their line-up. The release of Limp Bizkit's 1999 album Significant Other was pinpointed as a breakthrough for rap rock. Selling more than more than 7 million copies, and featuring the hit single "Nookie" as well as a guest appearance by Wu-Tang Clan rapper Method Man, Significant Other demonstrated the commercial viability of rap rock by "drawing from Rage's metallic aggression and the Beastie Boys' skateboard-slacker attitude". However, Limp Bizkit's performance at Woodstock '99 was linked to festival violence. The festival featured performances by multiple rap rock artists, including Limp Bizkit, Kid Rock, Insane Clown Posse and Rage Against the Machine, all of which were considered the "breakout stars" of the festival. However, despite these performances being well received, Limp Bizkit's performance was subject to national controversy as violence and vandalism occurred during and after the band's performance; this included fans tearing plywood from the walls during a performance of their song "Break Stuff". Durst stated during the concert, "Don't let anybody get hurt. But I don't think you should mellow out. That's what Alanis Morissette had you motherfuckers do. If someone falls, pick 'em up." Durst said during a performance of the band's hit song "Nookie", "We already let all the negative energy out. Its time to reach down and bring that positive energy to this motherfucker. Its time to let yourself go right now, 'cause there are no motherfuckin' rules out there." Eyewitnesses also reported a crowd-surfing woman being pulled down into the crowd and assaulted in the mosh pit during Limp Bizkit's set. Widely blamed for inciting the crowd to violence, Durst later stated in an interview, "I didn't see anybody getting hurt. You don't see that. When you're looking out on a sea of people and the stage is 20 ft in the air and you're performing, and you're feeling your music, how do they expect us to see something bad going on?" Former Limp Bizkit manager Peter Katsis defended Durst in an interview for Netflix's 2022 documentary on the festival, claiming that "pointing the finger at Fred is about the last thing anybody should do. There really isn't a way to control 300,000 people. The best thing he could do is put on the best show possible, and that's what he did.". Their third album, Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 1,054,511 copies in its first week of being released, with 400,000 of those copies being sold in the album's first day of release making it the largest first-week sales debut for a rock album in the United States.

Crazy Town was met with more ire from metal purists than any other rap rock band due to looking more like a hip hop crew than a metal band. Crazy Town's music and image reflected the band members' background in the underground hip hop scene in Los Angeles, anticipating nu metal. Their lyrics reflected "one of the most dynamic and volatile sociocultural environments on the planet [...] where the urban squalor of the South Central district exists just minutes away from the glitz of Beverly Hills." Rapper KRS-One recorded a guest appearance for the band's debut album The Gift of Game. Although Crazy Town were best known for having a rap metal sound, their biggest hit, "Butterfly", was "decidedly hip-hop". "Butterfly" would be the only Hot 100 hit by a rap rock act. According to Vulture, the 1990s were capped off by the short-lived late-90s sitcom Shasta McNasty, which encapsulated numerous 1990s trends in its depiction of a fictional rap rock band, brought the genre to primetime.

Further developments (2000s to 2020s)
The style of crunk developed by Lil Jon was categorized as a "southern rap take on punk, which prioritised uncomfortably loud horns and repetitive screams." Linkin Park debuted in 2000 with their album Hybrid Theory and would continue to be the most visible rap rock group of the 21st century, going as far as to collaborate with rapper Jay-Z on the 2004 release Collision Course. Subsequently, Kid Rock and Linkin Park's styles changed, with Kid Rock having shifted to a country rock sound. Hollywood Undead was seen as a revival of the rap rock sound, although they considered themselves a rock band with hip hop influences, rather than a rap rock band. HotNewHipHop said that Kid Cudi blurred the lines between genres with his album Man on the Moon II (2010), which contained collaborations with indie rock artists St. Vincent and HAIM, and would deliver further into rock on his albums WZRD (2012) and Speedin' Bullet 2 Heaven (2015). The publication suggested that the negative reception to the latter two albums, as well as Lil Wayne's Rebirth (2010), were "glaring examples of the music media immediately shutting down Black artists for stepping outside of the confines of what is deemed as 'Black music.'" The publication also said that Lil Wayne's use of autotune on the album and its "raw rock attitude" would prove "to be highly influential on the next generation of rap rockstars." By 2011, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that rap rock "seemed [...] dead". However, that year saw the release of several acclaimed rap rock projects, including Wugazi, a mashup mixtape in which raps by Wu-Tang Clan were paired with instrumentals by the band Fugazi, and the rap rock mixtape Exmilitary by the band Death Grips, which "[coupled] contemporary avant-rock techniques with underground rap sonics"; while some of the mixtape's samples and influences were more mainstream, such as a sample of a David Bowie song, most of the mixtape's samples came from American underground bands like Black Flag and Minutemen. Twenty One Pilots, composed the rap rock songs "Stressed Out" and "Heathens", which both peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2016.

In 2017, Pitchfork wrote, "if, at some point, you made a name for yourself through combining rap and rock, chances are you either distance yourself vigorously from such efforts now or have learned to adjust to life as a walking joke." In 2018, conversely, The A.V. Club wrote that "rap-rock as we once knew it as dead", while HotNewHipHop said that the genre showed "no signs of stopping". The late 2010s saw the emergence of female rap rock artists such as Princess Nokia, Rico Nasty and Bali Baby, diverging from the typically male-dominated rap rock acts of the past.

In 2020, NME writer Kyann-Sian Williams reported a resurgence in rap rock, which fans dubbed "glock rock" due to the unfavorable reputation of rap rock. Williams cited as representatives of glock rock, Lil Uzi Vert, a punk rock-influenced rapper who identified as a "rockstar" and cited Marilyn Manson as their all-time favorite musical artist, Machine Gun Kelly, a rapper influenced by emo and pop punk, City Morgue, a group that "mixed thrash metal with pulsating 808s", as well as Trippie Redd, Post Malone, Clever and The Kid LAROI. Also emerging in this period was Oxymorrons, a rap rock group described as being "too rock for hip-hop [and] too hip-hop for rock"; Kerrang! writer Sophie K. described them as "a talented rock band who are able to properly rap with authenticity as well, seamlessly switching between clean vocals, electronics, fuzzy guitars and angsty rap vocals". 2020 saw many rappers dominating the rock charts.

title: Rap rock


text:
Liberty Grove

Liberty Grove may be:

Places

 * Australia
 * Liberty Grove, New South Wales, a suburb in Sydney, Australia

 * United States
 * Liberty Grove, Alabama
 * Liberty Grove, Maryland
 * Liberty Grove, Tennessee
 * Liberty Grove, Dallas County, Texas
 * Liberty Grove, Delta County, Texas
 * Liberty Grove, Wisconsin, town

title: Liberty Grove


text:
Robert Macaulay

Robert William Macaulay (May 25, 1921 – August 17, 2010) was a Canadian politician.

Background
Macaulay was born in Toronto in 1921 to Hazel and Leopold Macaulay. His father served as an MPP and a cabinet minister in the government of George Henry in the 1930s. He attended Upper Canada College before enlisting in the army during World War II where he served with the 48th Highlanders. After the war, he studied at the University of Toronto and graduated with a degree in law from Osgoode Hall. He was called to the bar in 1948 and worked in the field for over 50 years. He and his wife Joy raised two children.

Politics
Macaulay was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for the Toronto riding of Riverdale in the 1951 Ontario election. He was re-elected three times and served for 13 years.

In 1958, Premier of Ontario Leslie Frost appointed him to the cabinet as minister without portfolio with responsibilities in the Treasury Board. He was also appointed as a vice-chairman of Ontario Hydro. In 1959, he was promoted to the new position of Minister of Energy Resources.

When Frost retired, Macaulay ran to succeed him in the 1961 Progressive Conservative leadership convention finishing third on the fifth ballot. The victor, John Robarts, made Macaulay his Minister of Economics and Development. Macaulay retained his seat in the 1963 Ontario election, but he resigned from cabinet shortly afterwards citing health reasons. He remained in the legislature until May 1964 when he resigned his seat and returned to private life.

title: Robert Macaulay


text:
Lime Ridge

Lime Ridge or Limeridge may refer to:

Canada

 * Lime Ridge Mall, Hamilton, Ontario
 * Limeridge Road (Hamilton, Ontario)

Settlements

 * Lime Ridge, Pennsylvania
 * Lime Ridge, Wisconsin

Geographic features

 * A prominent foothill ridge of Mount Diablo in California
 * An anticline in Utah forming part of the Monument Upwarp

title: Lime Ridge


text:
Little Compton

Little Compton may refer to:

 * Little Compton, Missouri, United States
 * Little Compton, Rhode Island, United States
 * Little Compton, Warwickshire, United Kingdom

title: Little Compton


text:
User talk:Aatje

Welcome
I'm glad you decided to get a username. It's great to see a former vandal turn into a useful contributor! Just remember Wikipedia's policies. --Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You can write about whatever you want - there's space for everything in the Wikipedia. Get to work on some brilliant prose! Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:31, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * p.s. Sign your posts on talk pages with ~ (four tildes) so it gives the time and a link to your user page. (it's common practice)
 * You're welcome. Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:48, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aatje


text:
User talk:YoungWhanKhil

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:YoungWhanKhil


text:
User talk:Richardsonke

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:26, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

ITN Credit
-- Ks0stm (T•C•G•E) 19:30, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Richardsonke


text:
User talk:Firebird365

User:Firebird365
I've added the "" template to your user page (User:Firebird365), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy).

Please note that the purpose of a user page is not as a personal homepage or used as a general webhosting service, but as a way for active editors of Wikipedia to introduce themselves to other editors. If you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues here or on my user talk page. You may remove the deletion notice, and the page will not be deleted for the moment, but note that it may still be sent to Miscellany for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Calton | Talk 14:40, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Firebird365


text:
Fossil Mountain (Wyoming)

Fossil Mountain (10921 ft) is located in the Teton Range, within the Jedediah Smith Wilderness of Caribou-Targhee National Forest, U.S. state of Wyoming.

title: Fossil Mountain (Wyoming)


text: User talk:68.97.46.163

title: User talk:68.97.46.163


text: User talk:12.214.49.95

title: User talk:12.214.49.95


text: Category:Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago