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Brood (comics)

The Brood are a fictional race of insectoid, parasitic, extraterrestrial beings appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, especially Uncanny X-Men. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum, they first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #155 (March 1982).

Concept and creation
According to Dave Cockrum, the Brood were originally conceived to serve as generic subordinates for the main villain of The Uncanny X-Men #155: "We had Deathbird in this particular story and Chris [Claremont] had written into the plot 'miscellaneous alien henchmen.' So I had drawn Deathbird standing in this building under construction and I just drew the most horrible looking thing I could think of next to her."

Physical characteristics
The Brood are an alien race of insectoid beings. They are a specialized race, one that has evolved to reproduce and consume any available resources. They are sadistic creatures that enjoy the suffering they intentionally cause others, especially the terror their infection causes their hosts.

Despite their resemblance to insects, the Brood have endoskeletons as well as exoskeletons. Also unlike insects, they have fanged jaws instead of mandibles. Their skulls are triangular and flat, with a birthmark (such as the battle axe which is most common in broodlings but are different for each Brood) between their large eyes. Their two front legs are actually long tentacles they can use to manipulate objects.

Due to their natural body armor and teeth, the Brood are very dangerous in combat. In addition, they have stingers that can deliver either paralyzing or killing poison.

Reproduction
The parasitic Brood reproduce asexually and therefore have no clear divisions of gender. They reproduce by forcibly implanting their eggs into other sentient organism. Each host can only support one egg. Upon hatching, the host dies as the Brood egg releases enzymes into the bloodstream to cause mutation. At the same time, the Broodling begins to psychically attack its host, taking control of its mind, absorbing its genetic material and incorporating all its knowledge and memories into the Brood. They appear to be capable of even infecting demons or someone who is possessed by a demon like Ghost Rider.

They use a hive mind to pass memory to their hosts, which also passes an individual's knowledge, given to a broodling, to the hive and back to the queen, meaning newborn brood know what any member of the race knows. Until the embryo gains the host's body the embryo can only gain temporary control of the host, often without the host noticing as the host is unaware when it loses control.

If the host possesses any genetic powers, the resultant Brood will inherit them. The persona of the host once the Brood is "born" appears to be extinguished, but in some cases, the host's will may be strong enough to survive and coexist with the Brood's. However it is implied that hosts with advanced healing ability are unable to turn, for example when an egg was implanted in Deadpool, instead of turning into a Brood, a small Brood burst out of Deadpool's body.

Brood also have the ability to morph into their host's original form, and a hybrid form with characteristics of both the host and the Brood body.

More recently the Brood had demonstrate the abily to use their hosts as pregnancy carriers instead of to physically transform them.

Civilization
The Brood have a civilization based on the typical communal insect societies, such as those of the bees and ants. The Empress is the absolute ruler, while the Queens lead individual Brood colonies and the "sleazoids" do all the work; despite their evil, they never rebel against their Queens, perhaps due to the latter's telepathic abilities. However, the Queens have no allegiance to each other. Some of the roles have proven to be flexible.

 * Empress - The Empress is the top tier of the Brood caste system and houses the entire hive mind of the species. She exercises almost total control over her progeny, including determining which Brood become Queen and which remain Warrior-Prime. There is only one Brood Empress at a time, and she is massive. She shares several physical characteristics with her offspring. She has large yellow eyes, a scaly brown hide, and a mouth full of razor-sharp teeth. However, she possesses several physical traits that distinguish her from all other Brood. While Warriors-Prime have forked skulls, the Brood Empress has two scarlet horns protruding from the top of her head, with an armor plate at their base. She also has eight whiskers, seemingly unique to her physiology. Jagged spikes protrude from every part of her body. In addition to being larger than her offspring, she also has a large ovipositor through which she lays eggs. Her relative size and degree of mobility are unknown. However, she possesses vast telepathic powers, through which she shares a mind-link with the entire Brood hive, although she cannot completely control the actions of her subordinates. When individual Brood rebel, she cannot telepathically force them to assimilate. In these scenarios, she has the renegade offspring destroyed with the help of her assassins/personal guard, the Firstborn. The Empress was one of the casualties of the Annihilation Wave which left the Brood's on the brink of extinction and with her death one of the survivor Brood Queens was selected to take her place among the hierarchy as a Brood Queen is seen among the Galactic Council, where she represents the entire Brood race and even goes by the name of Queen of the Brood.
 * Firstborn - Considered themselves as the "pure" Brood, they are the most trusted agents of the Empress, existing solely to attack and destroy. The Empress births them herself and dispatches them to quell rebellious Brood Queens and other conflicts that require only fighters. Because they are not born of hosts, they do not possess the Warrior-Prime ability to conceal their appearance by shifting into their host-forms. For this reason, they are used not to subvert and infect, but merely to destroy. The transportation they use to travel to other planets dissolves upon reaching its destination, but this poses no problem, as the Firstborn are ordered to execute themselves upon completing their missions. The Firstborn are larger than common Brood Warriors-Prime, and green instead of brown. They have six limbs: two sets of arms and one set of legs. They have a spear-tipped, prehensile tail, but unlike their Warrior-Prime sisters, they have no tentacles. They also have durable, spiked armor plating on their shoulders, fingertips, tails, elbows, forearms, knees, and, most prominently, on the crowns of their heads. They are extremely durable, disproportionately agile, and immensely strong. Unlike the Warriors-Prime, they do not have wings. However, through some other means, possibly technological, the Firstborn have the ability to teleport. Their teleportation abilities are likely restricted to relatively short distances, as the Firstborn travel over interstellar distances using other methods.
 * Brood Queens - The Queens fulfill the mental command of the Empress and can communicate with their spawn by telepathy, even across interstellar distances. Their heads and thoraxes are relatively the same size, and they have the same amount of limbs as their offspring, but their abdomens are much larger, presumably because they require the capacity to carry eggs. The Queen's tail functions as a venom-filled stinger, not an ovipositor. The Queens are capable of implanting eggs, which can be of the Warrior-Prime or Queen variety, into hosts for the Brood Hive. Sometimes, the Queen can also lay a King egg variety, but this is rarer. There are two type of Brood Queens, the small Dwarf Brood Queen, are Queens that due to their size and strength are raised among the bottom level of the Brood, and the slightly larger Brood Queens which are also known as the Great Mothers, Mother-Queens and Brood Imperiatrix. The Queens lead individual colonies, which usually encompass entire planets, they also control which of their offspring become Warriors-Prime, and which become new Queens. For example, the Great Mother from Sleazeworld implanted the Shi’ar warrior Fang with a Warrior-Prime embryo, but implanted the rest of the X-Men with Queen embryos, a discrepancy that suggests a certain amount of control on the Queen's end. More so when the Empress dies, both types of Queens can take the place of the Empress, but for such a feat, a ritual must be done which consist of finding the perfect mate and breed with him to produce the Firstborns.
 * Broodlings - As the bottom level of the Brood caste system, the Broodlings were nicknamed "sleazoids" by Kitty Pryde but are also known as Warriors-Prime or Drones, they are the most common of the Brood. They do all the labor and most of the fighting, and are organized into several different roles, among them Weaponeer, Clan-Master, Hunt-Master, Huntsmen, Tech Handlers, and Scholars. They resemble large insects and can vary in size. They generally retain the size of their hosts. Their hides are brown and covered in armored scales. Their bodies consist of three sections: a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. The forked crowns of their heads extend backward, well over the length of the thorax. Each Brood has a unique black figure on its forehead, almost like a birthmark or a fingerprint. They have large, yellow eyes on both sides of their heads, large mouths, and one row of spiky teeth on the top and bottom of the jaw. Each Brood has six limbs; two tentacles that function as forearms and two rear sets of jointed limbs. Their tentacles are dexterous enough to fire weapons and pilot ships. The Brood Warriors-Prime also have wings and fly as a primary means of travel. Their abdomens taper into a two-pronged, functional stinger. The most common method of creating a Brood is through infection of a host, and this is how all Warriors-Prime are birthed. The Brood lays its eggs at the back of the necks of its victims since everything the eggs need to gestate, including all 31 nerve segments and access to the carotid and vertebral arteries, rests at the top of the spinal column. After a Queen implants her eggs into a host, the egg splices itself to the host's nervous system and rewrites its DNA into that of Brood. Upon the egg's hatching, the host undergoes transformation into a Brood Warrior-Prime. The Warrior-Prime retains the genetic memory of its host, enabling it to access the host's personality, access any of the abilities contained in the host's genetic code, and even revert to its host body when it needs to conceal itself. It can also use a transitional form between the Brood and the host, giving it access to the best abilities from each form.
 * Brood King - This unique male Brood is a rarity and even considered a mutation in the Brood society and is created when a King egg is implanted in its host. The first known Brood King was Grand Admiral Devros of the Kree who was willingly infected by the Brood. Unlike those infected with Queen's or Drone's eggs, the Brood King cannot infect others. It's assumed that like the Empress there is only one Brood King at a time; when Devros was killed by Mar-Vell, who himself had been infect by the Queen, Mar-Vell briefly proclaimed himself the new "Brood King", but the egg was destroyed before it could fully claim him. It was later implied that the King-type egg is actually a natural response of the Brood to the experiments done 8000 years ago by the Black Judges, a secret science wing of the Kree Accusers. Understanding the Brood's volatile nature, they forcibly implanted them with a patriarchal element through a genetic engineering device which, when active, can disrupt the species' matriarchy, take control of them, and use them as weapons to disrupt rival advanced civilizations. The device is an egg-shaped artifact which must always be protected by a containment shield and under no circumstances should the device be removed from it, because inside it lays the potential for whoever controls the item to become the dominant member of the species, giving them control over the legions of Brood that exist in the universe. This leads every Brood Queen to send their swarms in pursuit of it, to prevent any loss of their power in the Brood hive-mind. The device was eventually cracked open and eaten by Broo, a young mutant Brood drone that developed intelligence and independent thought. The properties of the egg were then transferred to Broo, giving him inherent authority over every Brood hive in existence, at least for the next 5 to 10 Kree cycles before the effects wear off.

Technology
The Brood, like most alien species, possess advanced technology, however due to their nature it's unknown if they developed it themselves or assimilated it for their own benefit. These include:
 * Interstellar warships: despite using the Acanti, the Brood also use actual ships, however with a mixture of organic and inorganic material.
 * Energy-based weapons
 * Psi-scream weapons: gun-like devices that attacks the minds of targets with subconscious fears and hatreds.
 * Inhibitor field: used to prevent telepaths from using their powers.
 * Nanotechnology
 * Teleportation

Fictional species biography

The Brood are the Main Universe's first natural predators, spawned on a dark galaxy prior to the emergence of Galactus from his incubator. Their planet of origin is unknown, but such is their relentless evil, legend holds that the Brood originated not through natural evolution, but in otherworldly sorcery from a different universe from which they escaped, with hopes of satisfying their insatiable hunger after its collapsing. They were eventually found and captured by the Kree Empire, along with other hive species, so they could weaponize them and use them against rival empires. The Supreme Intelligence approved of the idea, stating that they could be used against the Shi'ar Empire, although, he sees that it'll take millions of years to create a large enough army to fully be unleashed as a weapon against their enemies.

In the next eight million years of experimentation the Black Judges deemed the Brood a major success and were unleashed on the Shi'ar Galaxy where the Brood found certain large space-dwelling creatures that they decided to prey to use as living starships to infest neighboring star systems and initiating an intergalactic campaign to build a fearsome empire. These space-dwelling creatures included the whale-like Acanti, and the shark-like Starsharks.

The Brood use a virus that effectively lobotomizes these creatures, the Slaver Virus as it is known is a powerful force that dismantles the cores of reasoning within the target's brain causing the sources of self-awareness and the conscious mind to simple shut down, turning the creatures into faithful zombies. Then they use bionics to control them. The Brood hollow out part of the creatures (by eating them) and use the space created to live in, like termites eating a tree. This eventually kills the living ships, requiring them to capture new ones. One of the Acanti they captured was of unusual size (its rib cage alone was the size of a mountain range.) They used it as their main base, and, when it died and crashed onto a planet, used it as their main city. The corpse was so large, it took centuries just to rot halfway. However, predators from the planet they landed on infested the area of the dead Acanti's brain, so the Brood avoided it.

Years later, Kree warrior Mar-Vell, has been ordered to make contact with the stranded Grand Admiral Devros on a planet in the Absolom Sector, a region known to be infested with Brood, Mar-Vell's team, which includes the medic Una and Colonel Yon-Rogg, was ambushed by Brood warriors after landing on the planet and taken prisoner by the Brood-infected Devros. The colony's Brood Queen impregnates each captive with Brood embryos, but Mar-Vell and Una manage to escape, destroy both leaders of the Brood colony, and ridding themselves of their infections using Una's modified omni-wave projector which had been designed to eliminate Brood embryos. After rescuing Colonel Yon-Rogg, the trio escape the planet and are rescued by the Shi'ar royal Deathbird.

Deathbird later allies with The Brood to gain their help deposing her sister Lilandra Neramani as ruler of their empire. As a reward for their help, Deathbird gives the Brood Lilandra, the X-Men, and the powerless Carol Danvers, along with Fang of the Imperial Guard, to use as hosts. The Brood infect the entire party, except for Danvers, who they perform experiments on because of her half-human/half-Kree genes. Wolverine's adamantium skeleton allowed his healing ability to purge him of the embryo, and he helps the others escape. He is unable to save Fang, who becomes a Brood warrior before they leave.

The Brood Queen orders her forces to find them, until she is contacted by the Queen embryo that is implanted in Cyclops. It explains that the X-Men are returning to Broodworld. Resigned to their dooms, the heroes help the Acanti race recover the racial Soul, a supernatural force that must be passed from one Acanti leader ("The Prophet-Singer") to the next. The Soul is located in a crystalline part of the dead Acanti Prophet-Singer's brain.

The Queen goes with her minions, and battles the X-Men, turning them into Brood warriors. The Prophet-Singer Soul is almost infected by the evil of the aliens, and Wolverine tries to mercy-kill his friends and the Queen but they are saved when Danvers, now a mighty being called Binary (due to experimentation), arrives and releases the Soul. Before it goes to its next host, the racial Soul cures the X-Men and Lilandra, and turns the Queen into a crystal statue. It also causes the Broodworld to explode, but the X-Men and their allies escape. Some of the Brood also manage to escape before the planet explodes. The new Prophet-Singer then leads the Acanti to safety in deep space. Returning to Earth with the Starjammers, the X-Men defeat and detain the Brood Queen infecting Charles Xavier in the first Earth-based confrontation with the Brood. The advanced medical facilities at the Starjammers' disposal are able to transfer the consciousness of Xavier from the Brood Queen's body to a new cloned body, enabling Xavier to walk again.

A Brood-filled starshark later crashes on Earth, leading to the infection of several nearby humans by the Brood. One of the victims is allowed to live as a human assistant, but when he leads the aliens to some mutants, the Brood infect him and the mutants as well. It is revealed that the Brood can morph into the host's form or a hybrid of the two forms. In the course of the battle, an Earth woman named Hannah Connover is infected with a queen, though this problem would not develop until later.

Another branch of the Brood manage to land on Earth and infect more mutants, along with the Louisiana Assassins Guild of which X-Man Gambit is a member. The X-Men kill most of the infected people. They and Ghost Rider manage to rescue many of the Brood's other uninfected prisoners, only to have the "Spirit of Vengeance" become infected himself. Psylocke manages to separate Ghost Rider from the Brood host before it could kill Danny Ketch, the current host of the Ghost Rider, and he and the X-Men saved New Orleans.

Hannah Connover, previously infected with a Queen, soon begins to demonstrate attributes of Brood. She uses her new-found "healing" powers to become a faith healer and cure many people with her reverend husband, but secretly her Brood nature causes her to infect many people with embryos. Across the Galaxy, on the "true" Brood Homeworld, the Brood Empress sends her "firstborn" Imperial Assassins to kill Hannah for going against the Empress' wishes. Unable to stop future waves of Assassins from coming, the X-Man, Iceman, freezes Connover, putting her in suspended animation and causing the current firstborn to kill themselves, as in their minds the mission was accomplished. Connover is assumed to still be in suspended animation with her Queen host in the custody of the X-Men.

During the Contest of Champions II, the Brood with the help of the Badoon abduct several heroes and pose as a benevolent species willing to give the heroes access to advanced technology after competing against each other in a series of contests. However, in reality, the Brood intend to use Rogue, infested with a Brood Queen, to absorb the powers of the contest winners and become unstoppable. Fortunately, Iron Man realizes that the Brood are drugging food to amplify aggression- relying on his armor's own life-support systems to prevent him succumbing to the 'infection'- and is able to uncover the plot.

Although the Queen had already absorbed the powers and skills of the various contest winners- in the form of Captain America, Thor, the Hulk, Spider-Man, Jean Grey and the Scarlet Witch-, the remaining heroes managed to defeat her. The Brood Queen was extracted from Rogue with the aid of Carol Danvers, who forced the Brood Queen to flee by threatening to kill Rogue. After confirming that Rogue was cured, the heroes returned home.

A mixed team of X-Men and Fantastic Four was formed to investigate what happened to the NASA space station Simulacra, only to discover that it had been taken over by the Brood scouting party, leading the way to Earth for the Brood armies. After battling them, they left the station leaving the infected crew members alive despite the desires of Wolverine and Emma Frost to kill them due to the interference of the Invisible Woman. Soon a Brood invasion arrived at New York City. The X-Men and Fantastic Four defended the city from the Brood despite facing overwhelming odds. Using an enhanced Cerebro, Emma Frost projected a telepathic hallucination of the Phoenix and Galactus appearing in the city, which caused the Brood to panic and recall their forces to the dozens of Acanti ships after which they fled Earth.

It was also revealed that at some point in the dawn of civilization during the year 2610 BC, a spaceship filled with Brood crash landed in Egypt, marking the end of the second great dynasty due to the massive damage they've done. They went as far as turning a Pharaoh into one of their own and it also would have been the very end of days if not for Imhotep and a group of soldiers, among them En Sabah Nur, who were able to successfully fend off the invasion. Imhotep himself killed the Queen.

The Brood return to Earth in the Ms. Marvel series and battle Carol Danvers, who as Binary played a key role in their earlier defeat. Strangely enough, none of the Brood present recognize who she is, possibly because of her inability to fully access her cosmic powers, which also changed her physical appearance. The Brood are also stalked and summarily exterminated by the alien hunter called Cru, with whom Ms. Marvel also came into violent contact.

It later turned out that there had been escape pods from the Acanti, and the other one had the Brood Queen who had landed on Monster Island. Cru itself was back on Earth, having regenerated and was searching the Brood Queen. Ms. Marvel, seeing her as a threat, fought Cru again and in the process merged part of their minds temporarily making them unable to use their powers and therefore vulnerable to the Brood. The Brood Queen had established a nest on the island and infected the Moloids with their eggs. Ms. Marvel then discovered that the Brood Queen who ruled over the Brood of Sleazeworld had survived and now had a crystalline form. Upon arriving on the island, Operation: Lightning Storm strike team and Wonder Man battled the Brood, while Cru and Ms. Marvel having regained the ability to use their powers fought the Brood Queen. In the process Cru was killed, after which the Brood Queen was taken into space by Ms. Marvel who destroyed her with a nuclear weapon.

During the invasion of Annihilus and his Annihilation Wave, the Brood were decimated, and the species is now on the brink of extinction.

Some Brood appear in the arena of planet Saakar in the Planet Hulk storyline of The Incredible Hulk, one of them even becoming a main character. A Brood referred to as "No-Name", who becomes a genetic queen because their race is becoming rarer, becomes the lover of insect king Miek and also appears in World War Hulk. When it is discovered that Miek was the one who let the Hulk's shuttle explode, No-Name and Hulk attack Miek. Near the end of the War the "Earth Hive", the shared consciousness of every insect on Earth, use Humbug as a Trojan Horse to deal a crippling blow to No-Name, rendering her infertile and poisoning the last generation of hivelings, growing in Humbug's body. No-Name is a rarity among the Brood, as she learned to feel compassion for other living beings.

The Brood reappeared once again in the pages of Astonishing X-Men, however these Brood are revealed to be actual genetically grown hybrids created by a geneticist known only as Kaga who started growing and redesigning them with missing data about post M-Day work on Henry McCoy's research computers.

In the 2011 "Meanwhile" storyline Astonishing X-Men, S.W.O.R.D. scientists successfully find a way to remove a Brood embryo from a human host, but not before the Brood they are studying escape and attack, prompting a botched rescue mission led by Abigail Brand and another rescue mission led by the X-Men.

Given the chance to lower the Brood's numbers further, they discovered that the Annihilation event had caused the interstellar ecosystem to destabilize, since the Brood, dangerous as they are, served as natural predators for even worse species. These remaining species are now breeding out of control and present a greater threat than the Brood ever did. With no other choice, the X-Men act to prevent the Brood extinction. According to Bishop, there would be a race of benevolent Brood in the future, prompting the X-Men to willingly serve as Brood hosts, so that they could instill them with the same compassion felt by No-Name. After being connected with the hive-mind, the X-Men learned of a nearby Brood who was born with the ability to feel compassion, making him the Brood equivalent of a mutant. While such Brood are typically destroyed upon hatching by their kind, this one was permitted to live due to the Brood's dwindling numbers. After rescuing the Brood mutant and defeating the Brood in battle and allowing them to escape, the X-Men had their Brood embryos removed, to be raised aboard the Peak, with the Brood mutant acting as their mentor.

The 2012 X-Men subseries Wolverine and the X-Men featured a Broodling as a student at Wolverine's Jean Grey School for Higher Learning. Nicknamed "Broo" by Oya, the Broodling was a mutant, and both intelligent and non-violent able to wear clothing and glasses (which he felt made him look less frightening). Broo expressed a desire to join the Nova Corps. In a possible future timeline seen by Deathlok, Broo was a member of the X-Men alongside Oya, Quentin Quire, and Kid Gladiator.

During the Age of Ultron storyline, it is revealed that while in a hidden S.H.I.E.L.D. substation decades in the past, the future-Wolverine released and was infected by a less menacing Brood. When he cut the embryo out of his body, the Brood Collective responded to the attack by altering the physical structure of all future Brood to the form it is now known for.

During the Infinity storyline, a Brood Queen appeared as a member of the Galactic Council where she represents the Brood race, which indicates that the Brood Empress was apparently one of the casualties of the Annihilation Wave. She later made a deal with J'son, the former Emperor of the Spartoi Empire which consisted in J'son surrendered the planet Spartax to the Brood, and in exchange, J'son would acquire one planet for every ten worlds they conquered ever since.

In Spider-Man and the X-Men, the Brood made a pact with the Symbiotes but ended up being betrayed and possessed until Spider-Man, with the help of the X-Men and S.W.O.R.D managed to defeat them.

During The Black Vortex storyline, the deal between the Brood Queen and J'son is discover as the Brood began their takeover of Spartax and use the entire planet as hosts. The plot is foiled once Kitty Pryde is cosmically powered by The Black Vortex and banishes the Brood from the planet.

Later the Galactic Council manipulated Thanos into attacking the Earth so he could make way for them to raze the planet, the Queen of the Brood was killed by Angela before she and the other leaders of the Galactic Council could begin their attack.

Dario Agger and Roxxon Energy Corporation managed to obtain some Brood. Using some parasites on some wolves, Agger and one of his scientists sent them to track down Weapon H. When Weapon H slayed them, Dario Agger had Brood Drones, Brood-infected Space Sharks, and a Brood-infected human riding an Acanti into attacking Weapon H. After the Brood Drones and Brood-Space Sharks are slain and the Acanti is knocked out, the Brood-infected human states to Weapon H that Roxxon wants to hire him. Weapon H stated that those who claim to help people will kill them anyway and has the Brood-infected human carry a message to Roxxon to leave him alone.

Later a Brood Queen came to Earth to find the perfect host so she can initiate the process to become the new Brood Empress. Her attempts at targeting astronauts were thwarted by the discovery that J. Jonah Jameson is the perfect host but Frank Castle was able to interfere.

When the New Mutants returned from a space adventure with a mysterious egg which turned out to be extremely valuable to rival alien nation-states of the Kree and the Shi'ar, as well as the Brood, as shown by the Kree and Shi'ar fighting over its location and the Brood invading Earth to get it back. The X-Men beat them back while Broo and his colleagues studied the egg and learn that it actually was the King Egg, a superweapon developed by Kree scientists thousands of years before the modern Marvel Universe on the Kree capital world of Hala, to foster the Brood race and instill a patriarchal element that, when activated, could turn the entire Brood species into a controllable army. This would allow the Kree to set the deadly predators against rival intergalactic powers and consume them.

This leads every Brood Queen to send their swarms in pursuit of it, to prevent any loss of their power in the Brood hive-mind. The Brood initially attacked Earth, but a small team of X-Men including Cyclops, Jean Grey, Havok, Vulcan and Broo was able to get the King Egg off of Earth and lead the aliens off-planet. The Brood followed after them, with the X-Men eventually ending up alongside the Starjammers and members of the Shi'Ar Imperial Guard. After crash-landing on an abandoned planet, it initially looks like the assembled heroes are going to be overwhelmed and wiped out by the sheer magnitude of Brood attacking them. As the various factions of the Brood descended upon the X-Men in a massive battle, the Brood suddenly stopped in place. But just as the Brood surround them, to everyone's surprise, the Brood halt their attack when Broo eats the King Egg. This enhances Broo's biology, increasing his pheromone output to the point where even the Brood Queens become subservient of him. For all intents and purposes, eating the egg turned Broo into the Brood King.

Some time later, the X-Men got a distress call from deep space and find that the galaxy’s Brood problem is not as solved as they’d thought! When the X-Men’s close friend Broo became the Brood King, he gained the ability to control the savage alien race he was both a part of and so different from. Now he is experiencing his own nightmare scenario, the Brood are killing his friends, and there is nothing he can do to stop it! Rogue Brood factions have begun running wild. It was soon revealed that Nightmare is the force behind the recent Brood expansion, using his abilities to usurp control of the race whenever Broo is asleep, and he's doing this specifically to take revenge on the X-Men for Jean Grey's earlier victory over him, while the new Brood Empress, unhappy with the fact Broo had control of the entire Brood, used this opportunity to break free of him. The Empress also blames the Kree for creating the King Egg that gave Broo control over her race, and has a convoluted scheme to convert superheroes into Brood to use them as an army against the Kree; the part-Kree Captain Marvel is particularly key to this plot. However the plan backfired when the Empress killed Binary, enraging Carol to the point she created a black hole which killed not only the Empress but her loyal Brood too.

Known Brood
The following characters are either Brood and/or were turned into Brood:

 * Assassin – A Brood that was spawned from an Assassin's Guild member.
 * Blake – A servant of Roxxon Energy Corporation who was infected by the Brood parasite to help apprehend Weapon H. The Brood-infected human named Blake appeared in a cage with Roxxon's Man-Thing in a Roxxon facility until they were freed by Weapon H. After it was revealed that Roxxon had opened a portal to Weirdworld, Blake and Roxxon's Man-Thing took their leave as Dr. Ella Sterling suggests he seek out Doctor Strange to remove the Brood parasite from him. When the Skrullduggers emerge from the portal and start attacking the nearby humans, Blake and Man-Thing assist Weapon H into fighting the Skrullduggers until it was discovered that the Skrullduggers are shapeshifters. Blake and Man-Thing are sent to keep more Skrullduggers from emerging from the portal. When Weapon H and Dario later check up on them, it was discovered that they had some help in defeating the Skrullduggers from Korg. While commenting that he will need to come up with a codename, his condition to helping Dario deal with the Skrullduggers is $10,000,000.00 and being restored to normal. He even asked Man-Thing if he has a human form to which he doesn't get an answer to. As Weapon H leads the mission to Weirdworld, they are attacked by a tribe of blue-skinned humanoids called the Inaku who blame them for breaking the Earth and allowing the Skrullduggers to take their queen.
 * Blindside – A Brood Mutant that can teleport. He was killed by Storm.
 * Brickbat – A Brood Mutant with super-strength. He was killed when Havok collapsed a building where a support beam impaled him.
 * Broo – A Brood born a mutant when held in the Pandora's Box Space Station.
 * Broodskrulls – A group of Brood and Skrull Hybrids.
 * Buchanan Mitty – Former Entymologist turned Brood.
 * Deadpal – A small Brood born from Deadpool's body after a failed transformation.
 * Devros – A former Kree turned Brood.
 * Dive-Bomber – A Brood Mutant that can fly with the wings on its back. He was killed by Havok.
 * Dzilòs – A Brood killed by Wolverine.
 * Empress Brood –
 * Fang – An Imperial Guard turned Brood.
 * Haeg'Rill – One of the Brood who allied with Deathbird.
 * Hannah Conover – A known Brood Queen who is married to William Conover.
 * Harry Palmer – A human paramedic-turned-Brood who is the leader of the Brood Mutants where he infected different Mutants. He was killed by Wolverine.
 * Josey Thomas – A human paramedic-turned-Brood who is Harry Palmer's partner in the Brood Mutants. She is later killed by the Empress Brood.
 * Kam'N'Ehar – One of the Brood who allied with Deathbird.
 * Karl Lykos Brood clone – A clone with mixture from both Sauron and Brood DNA, created by Kaga to join his army to annihilate the X-Men.
 * Khasekhemwy Khasekhemui – A Pharaoh and ruler of Egypt's Upper and Lower Kingdoms during the Second Dynasty who was infected by the Brood. He and the Brood with him were killed by a coalition that were led by Imhotep.
 * Krakoa Brood clone – A clone with a mixture from both Krakoa and Brood DNA, created by Kaga to join his army to annihilate the X-Men.
 * Lockup – A Brood Mutant with a paralyzing touch. He was killed when Havok collapsed a stage on him and Spitball.
 * Nassis – A former Shi'ar student turned Brood.
 * No-Name – A Brood Queen that is a member of the Warbound.
 * Queen of the Brood – An unnamed Brood Queen who is a member of the Galactic Council.
 * Skur'kll – One of the Brood who allied with Deathbird.
 * Spitball – Robert Delgado was a lawyer from Denver whose mutant powers allow him to spit out hot plasma balls. He was among the mutants that were turned into Brood by Harry Palmer. During the fight with the X-Men, Spitball was killed when Havok collapsed a stage on him and Lockup.
 * T'Crilēē – A hunt-master which contacted a Shi'ar vessel.
 * Temptress – A Brood Mutant with pheromones that enable her to enslave anyone to her control. While having ensnared Psylocke and Rogue under her control, Temptress was killed by Wolverine.
 * Tension – A Brood Mutant who can extend his arms to constrict anyone. After attacking Reverend William Conover, Tension was killed by Havok.
 * Tuurgid – A former Frost Giant turned Brood.
 * Whiphand – A Brood Mutant who can transform his arms into long bands of energy that can disrupt the neuro-functions of anyone. He was killed by Colossus who snapped his neck.
 * Xzax – A Brood mercenary who is a member of Dracula's New Frightful Four. He was killed when Deadpool slammed him into a moving truck.
 * Zen-Pram – A former Kree turned Brood.

Age of Apocalypse
In the Age of Apocalypse timeline, without the X-Men to aid them, part of the Shi'ar Imperium was consumed by the Brood, who infected its populace with Brood implants, including the still-captive Christopher Summers. Escaping to Earth, Summers fought to control his Brood implant, but was captured by Mister Sinister. Sinister turned him over to the Dark Beast, who then proceeded to experiment on him for years. Summers eventually escaped, and began infecting other humans (Including the AoA version of Joseph "Robbie" Robertson, as well as friends of Misty Knight and Colleen Wing). Ultimately, Corsair transformed into a Brood Queen and attempted to kill Alex but was killed by his son Cyclops. The Summers brothers cremated their father and indirectly deprived Sinister of the chance to carry out further tests on Brood DNA.

Amalgam Comics
In Amalgam Comics, the Brood is combined with Brother Blood to form Brother Brood, and with the Cult of Blood to form the Cult of Brood. The Brood appear alongside Brother Brood, but are presented as supernatural rather than extraterrestrial.

Bishop's timeline
According to the time-traveling X-Man Bishop there are benign factions of Brood in the future. It is speculated that these "good" Brood are originated from Hannah Connover.

JLA/Avengers
In JLA/Avengers, the Brood have a brief cameo scene, where they are seen attacking Mongul and apparently invading Warworld as the two universes begin to come together.

WildC.A.T.s/X-Men
In WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Silver Age, alien hybrids of the Brood and Daemonites are created by Mister Sinister.

Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel universe, the Brood appeared as a Danger Room training exercise during the Tempest arc of Ultimate X-Men. The Brood are later revealed to be creatures native to the mindscape, where the Shadow King dwells.

X-Men: The End
In X-Men: The End, taking place in a possible future, the Brood hatch a plan with Lilandra (possessed by Cassandra Nova). Nova plans to solidify her rule over Shi'ar space by smuggling an other-dimensional pure-Brood queen from an alternate universe. This realm is one where the X-Men failed to ever fight the Brood, they are described as 'pure'. This Brood Queen is implanted in Lilandra's sister, Deathbird.

Marvel 2099
During the attack of insanity brought by Psiclone, the androgynous harlot Cash imagined the Brood between the races of extraterrestrials who swarmed the streets of Transverse City.

X-Men '92
In the comic book series of X-Men '92, which is set in the X-Men animated series' universe, a cadre of Mutant Brood called X-Brood (composed of Hardside, Fastskin, Phader, Sharpwing and Openmind) were tracked down by the Shi'ar, until they were saved by the X-Men.

Earth X
In Earth X, while telling to Isaac Christians of the Dire Wraiths exiled by the Spaceknights in Limbo, Kyle Richmond mentions the Brood, when wondering why the invasion attempts were always done by shapeshifting races as the Skrulls, the Impossible Men or the Brood.

Marvel Zombies: Resurrection
In Marvel Zombies: Resurrection, the infection that has transformed most of Earth's heroes into zombie-like beings is revealed to be the result of a Brood infesting Galactus, which allowed the Brood to achieve a new state of being and expand their resources even further.

Heroes Reborn (2021)
In the 2021 "Heroes Reborn" comic, the Brood were responsible for infecting the Imperial Guard who were allied with Hyperion.

Television

 * A heavily altered version of the Brood called the Colony appears in X-Men: The Animated Series. These versions are reptilian, possess metallic armor, and can transform others into their species by infecting them.
 * The Brood make a cameo appearance in the Avengers Assemble episode "Mojoworld".
 * A member of the Brood makes a cameo appearance in the M.O.D.O.K. episode "Beware What from Portal Comes!".

Video games

 * A Brood Queen appears as a boss in X-Men (1994).
 * The Brood appear in X-Men: Mutant Apocalypse.
 * A species based on the Brood called the Cerci appear in X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse. They are genetically engineered, insectoid creatures with animal-like intelligence.
 * The Brood appear in Marvel Heroes.
 * Brood appears as a card in Marvel Snap.

Collectibles

 * One of the Marvel Milestone statues features Marc Silvestri's Brood-infected Wolverine cover for Uncanny X-Men #234.
 * Brood Queen is one of the "build a figure" toys in the Marvel Legends series.
 * Broodling toys have been produced by Toy Biz (winged, for their X-Men line) and Marvel Select Toys (unwinged and based on Fang's transformation, in a two pack with a Skrull warrior).

title: Brood (comics)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zahcahrum

Zahcahrum
Also other articles by the same author (Divine & Holy Power Angels, Divine Power Angels). I can't work out if it's fancruft, cultcruft or plain old ramblings. - TB 15:38, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh my! This looks like something out of a cheesy fantasy novel, but it could just be that the author forgot to wear his tinfoil hat that day... Delete. Fire Star 15:59, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete Dsmdgold 16:54, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Names of the angels aren't Hebrew, whatever they are. I suppose we could keep because Wikipedia is not paper and somebody might find it interesting and someone might add to this article to make it intelligible and I've seen great articles grow from garbage. Did I mess any keep arguments? Jallan 17:39, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Unless somebody can contextualize this. I have a funny feeling it's from an anime series; those names looks suspiciously like the sort found attached to anime fantasy characters.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:19, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. They do, don't they? Diaborus, especially, looks like diabolic with a faux-Latin ending and then run through Japanese. That said, I don't recognize it as such (and, I'm sorry to say, I probably would if it really were). No, this sounds more like someone's personal fiction. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 22:40, 2004 Sep 30 (UTC)

 * "Zakarum" is the god of some minor enemies in the computer game "Diablo II." Maybe that's the source of this...?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Haham hanuka

Nomination of Teagan Presley for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Teagan Presley is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Teagan Presley until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Spartaz Humbug! 21:03, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User:Haham hanuka


text: Category:Abjad writing systems

title: Category:Abjad writing systems


text:
Talk:Brood (comics)

Uncategorized
This article needs the appropiate category links. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.213.237.60 (talk • contribs) 15:42, 30 September 2004

Fair use rationale for Image:MSMARV003.jpg
Image:MSMARV003.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 00:51, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 15:56, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:59, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Pastiche
Is "pastiche" the most aposite word, for this thing's relationship with Aliens? I think "ripoff" or "photocopy" or perhaps "brass neck / balls" might be a better term. Srsly. If anyone gave a shit, this'd be a Disney vs Fox copyright shitstorm. Good job nobody actually reads those comics.

188.29.165.105 (talk) 16:31, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Brood (comics)


text:
Tilly-la-Campagne

Tilly-la-Campagne is a former commune in the Calvados department and Normandy region of north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Castine-en-Plaine.

title: Tilly-la-Campagne


text:
Volcano tectonic earthquake

A volcano tectonic earthquake or volcano earthquake is caused by the movement of magma beneath the surface of the Earth. The movement results in pressure changes where the rock around the magma has a change in stress. At some point, this stress can cause the rock to break or move. This seismic activity is used by scientists to monitor volcanoes. The earthquakes may also be related to dike intrusion and/or occur as earthquake swarms. Usually they are characterised by high seismic frequency and lack the pattern of a main shock followed by a decaying aftershock distribution of fault related tectonic earthquakes.

Cause of volcano tectonic earthquakes
One possible scenario resulting in a possible volcano tectonic earthquake occurs in tectonic subduction zones. The compression of plates at these subduction zones forces the magma beneath them to move. Magma can not move through the newly compressed crust as easily. This means it tends to pool in magma chambers beneath the surface and between the converging tectonic plates. Many of the famous and most well known volcanoes are of this type, including those of the Ring of Fire. As the plates move, magma underground may be forced in and out of these chambers and form intrusions into surrounding crust. This movement is capable of causing the unstable rocks around it to cave in or shift. The movement of this magma as described, causes measurable seismic activity. Where plates diverge such as at mid-ocean ridges the magma also can move into storage chambers and form intrusions again causing shifts in the rocks around them that can be detected as earthquakes. This is separate from earthquakes directly related to faults. However it is known than tectonic earthquake triggering has occurred with some volcanic eruptions, and there may be other associations of these in place and time with some eruptions, which could cause confusion because of the similar terminology.

Scientists monitoring volcanoes have noticed that magma movement may lead to earthquake swarms depending on the movement of magma and the interaction with rock beneath the ground. Additionally, the volatility of volcanoes and the accompanying earthquakes has been shown to be linked to dike induced stress and the interaction this causes between the magma, rock, and wall of the chamber.

Importance

Volcano tectonic seismicity is an important tool as it may predict the eruptions of volcanoes. Seismic activity occurs as a precursor to most large eruptions. Rarely, because of complex interactions, it may appear to settle just before an eruption. Such tectonic events can predict eruptions in long-dormant volcanoes and the size of the magma pocket. Some notable examples of eruptions preceded by volcano tectonic earthquakes include ones at Nevado del Ruiz (1985), Pinatubo (1991), Unzen (1990), and Cotopaxi (2002). Quakes with volcano-tectonic characteristics accompany magmatic intrusions in near real time.

Use in monitoring volcanoes
Nearly every recorded volcanic eruption has been preceded by some form of earthquake activity beneath or near the volcano. This does not mean that always this activity will give sufficient warning of an eruption. However, for individual volcanoes, the relationship between earthquakes and magma movement or possible eruptions has resulted in approximately 200 of the world's volcanoes being seismically monitored. The recording of several years of background seismic data has allowed classification of volcanic earthquakes. These earthquakes tend to occur in swarms as opposed to mainshock–aftershock sequences, have smaller maximum sizes than tectonic structure earthquakes, have similar waveform patterns, increase in number before eruptions, and occur near or beneath the site of the eruption. Volcano tectonic earthquake seismicity typically originates lateral to the site of the volcanic eruption to come, at tectonic fault structures a few kilometres away. Such earthquakes have a large non-double couple component to their focal mechanism.

Other types of seismic activity monitored in relation to volcanoes and their eruptions are long period seismic waves (caused by sudden sporadic movement of magma that had previously not been moving due to a blockage), and harmonic tremor (indicating steady magma movement).

title: Volcano tectonic earthquake


text:
Tilly-sur-Seulles

Tilly-sur-Seulles (, literally Tilly on Seulles) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Events
Each year, the international motocross takes place.

title: Tilly-sur-Seulles


text:
Solar zenith angle

The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction. It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane. At solar noon, the zenith angle is at a minimum and is equal to latitude minus solar declination angle. This is the basis by which ancient mariners navigated the oceans. Solar zenith angle is normally used in combination with the solar azimuth angle to determine the position of the Sun as observed from a given location on the surface of the Earth.

Formula
$$ \cos \theta_s = \sin \alpha_s = \sin \Phi \sin \delta + \cos \Phi \cos \delta \cos h$$

where
 * $$\theta_s$$ is the solar zenith angle
 * $$\alpha_s$$ is the solar altitude angle, $$\alpha_s = 90^\circ - \theta_s$$
 * $$h$$ is the hour angle, in the local solar time.
 * $$\delta$$ is the current declination of the Sun
 * $$\Phi$$ is the local latitude.

Derivation of the formula using the subsolar point and vector analysis
While the formula can be derived by applying the cosine law to the zenith-pole-Sun spherical triangle, the spherical trigonometry is a relatively esoteric subject.

By introducing the coordinates of the subsolar point and using vector analysis, the formula can be obtained straightforward without incurring the use of spherical trigonometry.

In the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) geocentric Cartesian coordinate system, let $$(\phi_{s}, \lambda_{s})$$ and $$(\phi_{o}, \lambda_{o})$$ be the latitudes and longitudes, or coordinates, of the subsolar point and the observer's point, then the upward-pointing unit vectors at the two points, $$\mathbf{S}$$ and $$\mathbf{V}_{oz}$$, are

$$\mathbf{S}=\cos\phi_{s}\cos\lambda_{s}{\mathbf i}+\cos\phi_{s}\sin\lambda_{s}{\mathbf j}+\sin\phi_{s}{\mathbf k},$$ $$\mathbf{V}_{oz}=\cos\phi_{o}\cos\lambda_{o}{\mathbf i}+\cos\phi_{o}\sin\lambda_{o}{\mathbf j}+\sin\phi_{o}{\mathbf k}.$$

where $${\mathbf i}$$, $${\mathbf j}$$ and $${\mathbf k}$$ are the basis vectors in the ECEF coordinate system.

Now the cosine of the solar zenith angle, $$\theta_{s}$$, is simply the dot product of the above two vectors

$$\cos\theta_{s} = \mathbf{S}\cdot\mathbf{V}_{oz} = \sin\phi_{o}\sin\phi_{s} + \cos\phi_{o}\cos\phi_{s}\cos(\lambda_{s}-\lambda_{o}).$$

Note that $$\phi_{s}$$ is the same as $$\delta$$, the declination of the Sun, and $$\lambda_{s}-\lambda_{o}$$ is equivalent to $$-h$$, where $$h$$ is the hour angle defined earlier. So the above format is mathematically identical to the one given earlier.

Additionally, Ref. also derived the formula for solar azimuth angle in a similar fashion without using spherical trigonometry.

Minimum and Maximum

At any given location on any given day, the solar zenith angle, $$\theta_{s}$$, reaches its minimum, $$\theta_\text{min}$$, at local solar noon when the hour angle $$h = 0$$, or $$\lambda_{s}-\lambda_{o}=0$$, namely, $$\cos\theta_\text{min} = \cos(|\phi_{o}-\phi_{s}|)$$, or $$\theta_\text{min} = |\phi_{o}-\phi_{s}|$$. If $$\theta_\text{min} > 90^{\circ}$$, it is polar night.

And at any given location on any given day, the solar zenith angle, $$\theta_{s}$$, reaches its maximum, $$\theta_\text{max}$$, at local midnight when the hour angle $$h = -180^{\circ}$$, or $$\lambda_{s}-\lambda_{o}=-180^{\circ}$$, namely, $$\cos\theta_\text{max} = \cos(180^{\circ}-|\phi_{o}+\phi_{s}|)$$, or $$\theta_\text{max} = 180^{\circ}-|\phi_{o}+\phi_{s}|$$. If $$\theta_\text{max} < 90^{\circ}$$, it is polar day.

Caveats
The calculated values are approximations due to the distinction between common/geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude. However, the two values differ by less than 12 minutes of arc, which is less than the apparent angular radius of the sun.

The formula also neglects the effect of atmospheric refraction.

Sunrise/Sunset
Sunset and sunrise occur (approximately) when the zenith angle is 90°, where the hour angle h0 satisfies $$\cos h_0 = -\tan \Phi \tan \delta.$$

Precise times of sunset and sunrise occur when the upper limb of the Sun appears, as refracted by the atmosphere, to be on the horizon.

Albedo
A weighted daily average zenith angle, used in computing the local albedo of the Earth, is given by $$\overline{\cos \theta_s} = \frac{\displaystyle \int_{-h_0}^{h_0} Q \cos \theta_s \, \text{d}h}{\displaystyle \int_{-h_0}^{h_0} Q \, \text{d}h}$$ where Q is the instantaneous irradiance.

Summary of special angles
For example, the solar elevation angle is :
 * 90° if you are on the equator, a day of equinox, at a solar hour of twelve
 * near 0° at the sunset or at the sunrise
 * between −90° and 0° during the night (midnight)

An exact calculation is given in position of the Sun. Other approximations exist elsewhere.

title: Solar zenith angle


text:
Tordouet

Tordouet is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.

title: Tordouet


text:
User talk:Hawstom/Archive1

Hi Tom, I'm glad I could help. Welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some useful links for you;

 * How to edit a page
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump.

Angela 22:46, 3 Sep 2003 (UTC)

---

moved your comments
I moved your comments you put on my talk page about the Mormon-"Controversies" articles to Eloquence's talk page where that discussion is taking place. B 21:04, Dec 11, 2003 (UTC)

Book of Mormon controversies
Sorry, you won't get sensible replies out of me at 4 in the morning. :) I've had a look at the discussions now but I got slightly confused, particularly as they are spread out all over the place, and on Eloquence's talk page he says he will make a proposal on the talk page, but I can't actually find it. Does it exist yet? If not, it may be best to wait to see what it is before disputing it.

Have you read the Mother Teresa talk page? I think that may give you some insight to where he is coming from regarding the moving of controversial stuff to separate pages. I can see his point, but I'm not yet convinced that it applies in the same way to Mormon controversies page as it did to MT.

I'm wondering if part of the issue is just the title. Could it be changed to reflect a particular topic it is discussing, rather than needing the word controversy in it? This might help Eloquence see it isn't an NPOV issue, and/ or stop it being an NPOV issue. Angela. 20:52, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi. Thanks for your note re:layout. We don't use H1 =blah= headings as section headings. They should be H2 ==blah== instead. Look at Guide to Layout. I'm not interested in the content of the article - I was trying to get the article to conform to house style. Secretlondon 14:17, Dec 13, 2003 (UTC)

Or maybe Authenticity of the Book of Mormon? Angela. 21:46, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I wouldn't say it doesn't belong at all. I'm not sure, but anyway, you won't stop people wanting that page, so a way to keep it NPOV will be easier than just suggesting it doesn't exist at all. Angela. 20:52, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

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Missing Links
I've noticed that the four or five people who regularly contribute to Mormonism pages have the tendency to leave Wiki links in for pages/concepts that we feel need to be addressed, but fail to create the page that the link points to.

I propose that we clean this up. I've compiled a list of pages that need to be added or unlinked. Going forward, if you add in a link for a page that you intend to create, please create a stub page and fill in the basic info or bullet outline of what you feel it should cover and then include it on the List of articles about Mormonism so we can all contribute and finish the pages quicker.

I’ve included a reference page for each subject/blank page, however, I found at least two or three similar Wiki links (or reference pages) that point to the same subject/blank page for most of the links. Visorstuff 22:31, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the deletions of extraneous links - you do a fine job editing. We all have the tendancy to bite off more than we can chew in one setting, but it is getting better. I was just shocked to see the ratios of how many we have compared to other topics. Wow. Keep up the good work. Visorstuff 00:34, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Sandy
IMO, the talk should be left intact; it will go into an archive if the page fills up, and will help explain why you did the edits you did, perhaps long after your edit has been obscured by others' big and little changes to the article.

(Hopefully that does not make it feel futile to you: it's only by edits that get changed that we keep the thing advancing. [smile]) --Jerzy 22:49, 2004 Feb 4 (UTC)

Purported cults.
Greetings Hawstom,

The Purported cults page is there, but for some reason the direct to it is case sensitive. If the "c" in "cult" is lower case, then you should find it. I'll let you decide if it is NPOV or not, but the introduction paragraph asks for a balanced aproach.

Regards, F.S.

Well, its a few minutes later, and while I've had problems with case sensitivity on some Wikipedia articles before, I was taken to Purported cults with both upper and lower case c just now. Good luck!

Fire Star 03:07, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your kind words. Mkmcconn 06:24, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

beneficial
Thank you for your frank interaction on the page that describes the controversy, Mormonism and Christianity. It has been honest, stimulating and informative, without being unduly defensive; which it seems to me is the stuff of which good working partnerships is made, and the furnace from which sound wikipedia articles are forged. Mkmcconn 18:46, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the fix on the Reformed Egyptian page. Good NPOV. Ddama

Template:Cults
Hello Hawstom, I hope you can vote to keep the Template:Cults on Vote for deletion of media wiki Cults The reason I ask you is because you have contributed to purported cults. Thanks in advance. The wikimedia cults will refer to all articles that are essential to understand cults. I think these are Cult of personality, Propaganda, Fundamentalism , Guru Shepherding, Communal reinforcement. It will be added as a footer to all the articles that deal primarily with cults i.e. Cult, Purported cults, Christian countercult movement , Anti-cult movement , Exit counseling , Thought reform , Deprogramming , Mind control & Brainwashing The difference between a See also list is that the wikimedia cults refers to essential articles. The See also list will also refer to side issues. It will not be placed as a footer under individual groups because of POV issues. Andries 18:58, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hi! Thanks for the edit. BTW, I think you're a Mormon (I recently had a conversation with a Mormon missionary) Can you help me find my geneological records? I can't find the names "Florentino Cu" and "Edward Sy Cu" in the www.familysearch.org website. Can you help me out?

Talk:Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Reply, 6 weeksoverdue, in context at Talk:Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints --Jerzy(t) 03:42, 2004 Mar 27 (UTC)

-

I agreed with your request and moved the image of the TOCOLDS to the COLDS page from the Mormon page. I don't think I would have minded at all if you'd done it. :) PhiloVivero 09:19, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

LDS miscellaneous topics
Hi there!

Thanks for leaving me a message. I'm sorry for not replying quickly because I didn't notice the message right away.

Geneology

I wasn't able to find the names of my deceased relatives in the well-known geneology websites, including the one you offered. Anyway, I did find the name "Florentino Cu" (grandfather) at a geneology site (I forgot the site) but then I knoticed there was a fee, unlike other sites. Also, are geneology search engines compatible with Chinese characters? Do you think ancestral records from the People's Republic of China are readily available?

Freemasonry

Since you're a Mormon and you are familiar with Mormon research and theology, are you well acquainted with the (alleged) link between Freemasonry and Mormonism? (I'm very inquisitive about this matter but please it is not my intention to offend you) Over the last months, I have encountered some information over the similarities of Masonic rituals or culture with that of Mormonism: such that perfectionist tendencies, racial segregation, temple architecture and terminology, parallel theologies,etc. And maybe also Joseph Smith's membership in that organization. Could you give me some comments or ideas concerning this matter?

Thanks for your time...

Kenneth

 * Kenneth - your comments are over-generalized and over-simplified - even in a historical perspective - and from a cultural standpoint. Yes, there are similarities, which are not unusual - may want to spend some time reading Temple and Cosmos by Hugh Nibley if you are really interested in this topic. Gives similarities between temple worship of latter-day saints and masons, and other ancient religious rites. Very enlightening, and worth a trip to your library. Also, see Endowment_(Mormonism) -Visorstuff 01:07, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Kenneth, I don't know all that much about Freemasonry. I do know that Joseph Smith was quite impressed with Freemasonry and reported that he thought there were many truths in its rites.  Joseph Smith was for a time quite enthustiastic about Freemasonry, and ascended rapidly within the organization.  I think Joseph Smith would have been very comfortable with the idea that the temple endowment resembled the ceremonies of Freemasonry.  Tom 04:21, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

About Heaven, please explain why you removed and why you are not sure. Then, I have a question. In Nontrinitarian, Latter Day Saints are labeled as nontrinitarians, is this right? I think LDS believe Trinity differed from Catholic and Protestant. K.M. 13:49, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your answer about Trinity. K.M. 07:17, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Geneology in China
Geneology in China Do you think thh Church, under its FamilySearch Family History Library, contains geneological records from the present People's Republic of China? Is the website compatible with Chinese characters in its search engine? Kennethduncan 05:09, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)Kenneth

K.M. and a warning
I have not an offensive intention, but I think this information is worthy to share with you. I know K.M. in Japanese version of Wikipedia, where his violation of NPOV policy and his mysterous inclination to hide his own sources occured trobules. We have suspected his contributions were merely copies of Jehowah's Wittnesses printed matters, and just recently we have found our suspicions were regretfully right. K.M. didn't want to explain us why he did so and even now he claims those contributions has totally come from his own brain. and he is troubled with reverting others' comments on note pages. He has been therefore banned from Japanese Wikipedia. Besides all the troubles, I think it is better for us to notice K.M.'s contribution is under a strong suspicion of submittion copyrighted work without permission. His recent contributions in English version, they focus on the same field we has been involved in troubles in Japanese version. KIZU 10:35, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC)

About Heaven, I don't want to do edit war. So, please explain what you think about it's NPOV. And, about Japanese Wikipedia, KIZU and I occurred edit war there, but I don't want to do so in English Wikipedia. Please be cool to discuss. Thank you for your advise. K.M. 03:55, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Joseph Smith article
Hello,

I think I got the First Vision importance text right this time. :)

--- Eric (www.wadhome.org)

Jesus
Hi, I responded to your concern on the article talk page: I believe NPOV in the Jesus article is provided by a multitude of sections, each of which provides a different set of views. I removed what I took to be a secular historical speculation out of the section on Christian views, only because it didn't seem to be identified as a Christian view (I think secular/critical historians are well-represented in a later section). I may have misunderstood you though; perhaps you are saying many Christians believe that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier. Even if many individual Christians do believe this, I don't think it belongs in a section on Christian views -- we don't claim to represent every individual point of view, but rather established points of view of scholars and religious (in this case) movements. If there is an established Church or Christian movement that indeed believes that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier, please put that back in the section. However, I ask you not simply to revert. Please put it back in the section, but also with an attribution (which Christians believe this). Thanks, Slrubenstein

Mormonism and Christianity
As per your note on my talk page, I'm opening a discussion on the Talk:Mormonism and Christianity page regarding the introduction. COGDEN 05:00, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Here's a link to an early source. Not much indication that folk magic was a real issue for those folks. Why mention it in that context if it wasn't a core issue? Tom 20:20, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Tom, I've opened a semi-private experiment at User:Mkmcconn/Scratchpad, that may be of interest to you. It's something I started to do some time ago, and dropped because I didn't know where to go from where I stopped. You and others can respond if you want, on the Talk of that page. Mkmcconn — 19:16, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

User Page
Are you sure that quote on your profile "Our Heavenly Father is more liberal in his views and boundless in his mercies than we are willing to believe or receive." is by Joseph Smith? I remember Jeffrey R. Holland saying almost exactly the same thing in the April (or maybe October) 2003 General Conference. You might want to check that out. Cookiecaper 17:07, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Compromise in intro
Regarding your September 7, 2004 edit to the intro of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints... I think I can live with your new wording as a reasonable compromise. I assume you think so too. As I said on my own Talk page today, I can see now that saying "it claims" was probably a poor choice of words on my part.

One thing that sometimes frustrates me about Wikipedia is that you and I and half a dozen other editors can work hard to hammer out a fair, NPOV way to talk about something, all be happy, and then six months later someone new will come along and undo all that work, tilting it back one way or the other. Can't really blame them, and I don't really think every new user should be required to read a year or more worth of Talk pages before editing an article (though that might help)... don't know what the general solution is. Anyway, I'm glad we seem to be in agreement with this edit at least. Wesley 16:28, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks, my friend, for your very kind words. You are very generous. :)) ---Rednblu 17:40, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

from wrp103
You're welcome, although I've made a number of edits, so I'm not sure which one(s) you meant. ;^)

(Is this really the way to communicate in wiki? Is this the same as messages?  I'm fairly new to wiki, and I'm not that comfortable with how to communicate with people.

wrp103 (Bill Pringle) - Talk 18:29, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

It just seems awkward since all messages are global and mixed together with all the other messages to you. For example, will this edit trigger a "new message" for you, or do I have to go through your "Leave me a message" link? (Which I lifted for my user page ... thanks!) wrp103 (Bill Pringle) - Talk 20:42, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Cool! I hadn't thought of diff. That makes life so much easier.

It took me a while to get the signature right. I didn't realize that links to the page show up as bold instead of a link, so I kept thinking I was doing something wrong until I tried it on my home page and noticed the other link wasn't there. wrp103 (Bill Pringle) - Talk 01:24, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hawstom/Archive1


text:
Denver, Illinois

Denver is a small unincorporated community located in rural Harmony Township in Hancock County in the U.S. state of Illinois, about eight miles south of Carthage and about 30 miles northeast of Quincy.

History
Denver was laid out in 1863, and named after Denver, Colorado. A post office was established at Denver in 1863, and remained in operation until 1976.

Geography
Denver is at latitude 40°17'26" north and longitude 91°06'25" west. The ZIP code is 62321 (for Carthage) and the FIPS place code is 19473. The elevation is 672 feet above sea level.

title: Denver, Illinois


text:
Le Torquesne

Le Torquesne is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Le Torquesne


text:
Andrew Young (poet, born 1885)

Andrew John Young (29 April 1885 – 25 November 1971) was a Scottish poet and clergyman, although recognition of his poetry was slow to develop.

Life
Andrew Young was born to the stationmaster of Elgin in Scotland in 1885. Two years later his father moved to Edinburgh, where young Andrew attended the Royal High School and later took an arts degree at the University of Edinburgh. The disappearance of his brother David in discreditable circumstances in 1907 so affected him that he gave up his intention to become a barrister and instead studied theology at the local New College. Old habits died hard, however, and his first collection of poems, Songs of Night, a work of Swinburnean aestheticism, was published in 1910 at his father's expense - pillar of the presbytery though he was.

Ordained into the United Free Church of Scotland in 1912, Young was appointed two years later to his first ministry in the village of Temple, Midlothian, and married Janet Green, who was lecturing in English at a teacher training college in Glasgow. Thereafter she devoted her energies to looking after their two children, Anthony (1915–1987) and Alison (1922–2001), and making it possible for her husband to pursue his literary career.

After the hiatus of war service, Young's next appointment took him to Sussex where in 1920 he became the minister of the Presbyterian Church at Hove. In that year too Boaz and Ruth, his next collection was published, shortly followed by several more. The style was now that of the Georgian poets, among whom he had many friends. In 1939 he applied for admission to the Anglican ministry and in 1941 became Vicar of the rural parish of Stonegate in East Sussex. In 1959 he was enabled to retire and moved to Yapton, where he had become a canon of the nearby Chichester Cathedral.

Later writing
Young came to reject his former style upon achieving the honed and focused nature poetry of Winter Harvest (1933) and the four later collections that he called his canon. Earlier poems were now 'quarried' and rewritten in his new style. The change was signalled by signing these poems as Andrew Young, rather than A.J.Young as formerly, and it was only from the publication of the 1960 Collected Poems that editors began to use selections from the earlier work again. His new manner was characterised by sharp observation and the movement of the poetry towards a striking final image, as in the short "Essex Salt-Marsh".
 * Now the tide’s task is done,
 * Marsh runnels turn and chuckling run
 * Or come to a standstill,
 * The level ground for them a breathless hill.

 * And as they run or faint
 * Through mud that takes the sunset’s paint,
 * The gullies they have worn
 * Shine as with purple grapes and golden corn.

There were several musical settings of his poetry, including the incidental music composed by Imogen Holst for his play Nicodemus (1937). "Christmas Day" from his collection Speak to the Earth (1939) also proved popular with composers and was set by Mervyn Roberts (1947), Robin Milford (1949), Neil Butterworth (1954), and Elizabeth Poston (1967).

The work of his later years included the two long religious poems of Out of the World and Back (1958), highly regarded at the time, and several prose works dealing with botany and the landscape. His literary reputation was being fostered in these years by Leonard Clark, who made selections and collections of his poetry between 1959 and 1974. Thereafter his daughter, who had married the poet Edward Lowbury, continued the work.

Recognition of Young's writing came slowly. The Royal Society of Literature awarded him the Benson Medal in 1939 and gave him an honorary fellowship in 1951. In that year too he received an honorary degree from the University of Edinburgh and, in the following year, was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry.

Works

 * Songs of Night (1910)
 * Boaz and Ruth (1920)
 * The death of Eli (1921)
 * Thirty One Poems (1922)
 * The Cuckoo Clock (1922)
 * The Adversary (1923) - verse plays
 * The Bird Cage (1926)
 * The New Shepherd (1931)
 * Winter Harvest (1933)
 * The White Blackbird (1935)
 * Collected Poems (1936, Cape)
 * Nicodemus (1937) - verse play
 * Speak to the Earth (1939)
 * A Prospect of Flowers (1944) - prose
 * The Green Man (1947)
 * A Retrospect of Flowers (1950) - prose
 * Collected Poems (1950, Cape)
 * Into Hades (1952)
 * A Prospect of Britain (1956) - prose
 * Out of the World and Back: into Hades, & A Travller in Time: two poems (1958)
 * Quiet as Moss: 36 Poems (1959, 1967) - selection by Leonard Clark
 * Collected Poems (1960, Hart-Davis)
 * The Poet and the Landscape (1962) - prose
 * Burning as Light: 37 poems (1967) - selection by Leonard Clark
 * The New Poly-Olbion (1967) - prose poems

 * Posthumous publications

 * The Poetic Jesus (SPCK, London 1972) - prose
 * Complete Poems (Secker & Warburg, London 1974)
 * Andrew Young : remembrance and homage (Tidal Press, Maine, 1978) - small selection
 * Parables (Keepsake Press, Richmond 1985) - mini-sermons
 * The Thirteenth Key (Protean Publishing Company, Birmingham 1985) - fiction
 * Poetical Works (Secker & Warburg, London 1985)
 * Crystal and Flint (Snake River Press, Brighton 1991) - selection
 * Selected Poems (Carcanet, Manchester 1998)

title: Andrew Young (poet, born 1885)


text:
Torteval-Quesnay

Torteval-Quesnay is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Aurseulles.

title: Torteval-Quesnay


text:
Talk:History of Belarus

Few more questions
First:

into the multi-ethnic Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia, with its capital initially in Horodno, later in Navahradak (now in western Belarus) and finally in Vilnia.

When did Grand Duchy of Lithuania became only Ruthenia and Samogitia? Did not missed - Lithuania?

Horodno as a capital Grand Duchy of Lithuania? When? If you writing capitals of Grand Duchy of Lithuania write all of them – Trakai Kernavė Voruta ; not only which you like!

Second:

''Initially mostly Ruthenian and Orthodox, with time most of them became polonized. This was especially true for major magnate families (Sapieha and Radziwiłł clans being the most notable)''

Do you really think that Radziwiłł family represents Orthodox? Family started from Trakai (Lithuania) and later developed into 3 branches – Biržai–Dubingiai (Protestant branch), Olyka and Nieswiez  (catholic branch); and a branch which died out very soon - Goniadz–Medele  (catholic branch)

M.K.

Pov removed
I've removed two highly pov sections from the paragraph "Republic of Belarus. Communist economy in a political democracy." Most of the section read like a paranoid crusade to dismiss certain views on Belarus, and like a massive defense of Lukashenko. The phrases I've removed are: A ecis  No running, shouting or piddling in the shallow end 18:53, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * "...radical right wingers use to call Belarus "the last dictatorship in Europe", a propaganda cliche used against left wing governments by private owned enterprises lobbying for its appropiation of public owned state controlled resources." (the reference for this claim is a news forum btw, which doesn't meet our external link guidelines.
 * "...representative of frustrated capitalist interests in privatization of public enterprises. Under Lukashenko Belarus has seen economical prosperity with continuity of state control of the economy ("communism"). Eighty percent of the economy of Belarus remains under state control, just as it was in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus. This is irritating to right-wingers, such as many in "the West" who fear that the example of Belarus demonstrates viability of communism in comparison to Russia´s experience with privatization and subsequent corruption and stealing of public resources."

Expanding this?
Hi folks. This article looks in dire need of re-writing and expanding, to me. What are the current hotspots here? Yury Tarasievich 11:59, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Belarusian Soviet Republic and West Belarus
The same number of lines described language limitations in Poland and mass extermination in Soviet Belarus. POV.Xx236 08:18, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

including practically all its intellectual elite
So the intelectual elite murdered in 1937 died for the second time? Xx236 08:22, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Polish population often collaborated with German occupation administration.
The same "Belarus population often collaborated with German occupation administration". Xx236 08:37, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in the Second World War
False, Belarus had more population after the war than before it.Xx236 08:44, 20 June 2007 (UTC). If 'after the war' means 40 years after -- this makes sense... the whole article on belarus seems to be written by non-natives, and has lots of false statements...

Ethnos
The word 'ethnos' is pretentious use of Greek, needless, and is not good English. Is the phrase 'ethnic group' not politically correct enough already? And what is wrong with 'the Belarussian people'? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.185.167.243 (talk) 13:50, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

1812
Szlachta (gentry) joined Napoleon's army - not mentioned here. (be-tarsk) Беларуская шляхта ў часе вайны 1812 году падтрымала Напалеона,Xx236 (talk) 14:29, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
 * References, please. It is a known fact that Polish nobility hoped for liberation from Russia by Napoleon. There is no such thing as "Belarusian szlachta". Nobility is national concept, not ethnic. Nationalistic be-tarsk is poor source for historical facts, since it is skewed into exaggeration of Belarusian glory. - üser:Altenmann >t 16:11, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Nobility is national concept, not ethnic. - any sources? What about Konstanty Kalinowski? Members of gentry joined nationalistic anti-Polish movements, see Romer family, Andrey Sheptytsky. Four brothers were Lithuanian, Polish and Belarus (two Iwanowski-s, Tadas Ivanauskas, Ivanoŭski). The main division in Belarus was religious (Roman Catholic against Orthodox) rather than national.Xx236 (talk) 08:13, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

The usage of Belarusian language
Which Belarusian language 1920-1939? There existed at least two dialects, not mentioning West Polesian microlanguage. In another words - the Polish government didn't support unification of Belarusian language, was it oblidged to do it? Does Lithuanian government support unification of Polish language in Lithuania today, in the EU?Xx236 (talk) 08:21, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

Piasecki ?
The page is about History of Belarus. The Piasecki paragraph should be rewritten or removed.Xx236 (talk) 10:21, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

the Nazis attempted to establish
But they established in 1943.Xx236 (talk) 10:40, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

POV
This article presents Belarus POV. History of minorities (Poles, Jews) should be described.Xx236 (talk) 08:12, 17 February 2016 (UTC) The article lacks references since 2012.Xx236 (talk) 08:13, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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"independent feudal consolidation"
I have no idea what this means. Or is supposed to mean. Srnec (talk) 00:37, 13 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Belarus


text: Category:Unincorporated communities in Illinois


text:
Tortisambert

Tortisambert is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

title: Tortisambert