text:
List of aerobatic aircraft

An aerobatic aircraft is an aerodyne (a heavier-than-air aircraft) used in aerobatics, both for flight exhibitions and aerobatic competitions.

Most fall into one of two categories, aircraft used for training and by flight demonstration teams, which are often standard trainers or fighters, and aircraft especially designed for aerobatics, usually at the expense of other attributes, such as stability, carrying passengers or endurance. Dates are of first flight.

Australia

 * Victa/AESL Airtourer (1959)

Belgium

 * Renard R.34 (1934)
 * Stampe SV.4 (1933)
 * Tipsy Nipper (Homebuilt - 1957)

Brazil

 * Embraer EMB 312 Tucano (operated by the Esquadrilha da Fumaça) (1980)
 * Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano (operated by the Esquadrilha da Fumaça) (2012)
 * Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas IPT-16 Surubim (1959)
 * Neiva Universal (operated by the Esquadrilha da Fumaça) (1966)
 * ACS-100 Sora (2008)
 * CEA-309 Mehari (2009)
 * Wega 180 (2013)
 * CEA-311 Anequim (2014)

Canada

 * Acrolite Aircraft Acrolite (Homebuilt - 1986)
 * Canadair Sabre (operated by the Golden Hawks) (1950)(Fighter)
 * Canadair CT-114 Tutor (operated by the Snowbirds) (1960)
 * Canadair CT-133 Silver Star (operated by the Red Knight) (1952)
 * de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk (1946)
 * Raven 2XS (Homebuilt - 2009)
 * Ultimate Aircraft 10 Dash (1985)
 * Ultimate 10-180 (1990s homebuilt)
 * Ultimate 10-200 (1990s homebuilt)
 * Ultimate 10-300 (1990s homebuilt Biplane)
 * Zenith CH 150 Acro Zenith (Homebuilt - 1980)

Chile

 * ENAER T-35 Pillán (1981)

China

 * Chengdu J-7 (flown by the August 1st) (1966)
 * Chengdu J-10 (flown by the August 1st) (1998)
 * Hongdu JL-8 (1990)
 * Nanchang CJ-6 (1958)
 * Shenyang J-5 (flown by the August 1st) (1956)

Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic

 * Aero L-29A Akrobat (1959)
 * Aero L-39 Albatros (operated by the Patriots Jet Team) (1968)
 * Avia BH-10 (1924)
 * Avia BH-21 (1925)
 * Avia BH-22 (1925)
 * Avia B.122 (1934)
 * Beneš-Mráz Beta-Scolar (1937)
 * Zlín Akrobat
 * Zlín Trener Master
 * Zlín Z 26 (1947)
 * Zlín Z-226
 * Zlín Z-326
 * Zlín Z-526
 * Zlín Z-50 (1975)
 * Zlín Z-242L

Denmark

 * SAI KZ II Sport (1937)
 * SAI KZ VIII (1949)

France

 * Acrobin (= Avions Robin R2160),(1976)
 * Bernard S-72 (operated by Antoine Paillard - 1930)
 * Blériot XI (first loop in Western Europe in 1913) (1909)
 * Dewoitine D.27 (operated by Marcel Doret) (1928)
 * Dyn'Aéro CR.100 (Homebuilt - 1992)
 * Dyn'Aéro R180 (Homebuilt)
 * Fouga CM.170 Magister (operated by the IAF Aerobatic Team) (1952)
 * Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr (1959)
 * Fournier RF 4 (1966)
 * Gazuit-Valladeau GV-1020 (1969)
 * Gourdou-Leseurre GL B6 & B7 (1918)
 * Morane-Saulnier G (1912)
 * Morane-Saulnier MS.180 (1929)
 * Morane-Saulnier M.S.225 (1932)
 * Morane-Saulnier MS.230 (operated by the Patrouille d'Étampes) (1929)
 * Morane-Saulnier MS.560 (1945)
 * Mudry CAP 10 (1968)
 * Mudry CAP 20 (1976)
 * Mudry CAP 21 (1979)
 * Mudry CAP 222
 * Mudry CAP 230 (1997)
 * Nieuport IV.G (first loop) (1911)
 * Nord 3202B1B (1957)
 * Peña Bilouis (Homebuilt - 1991)
 * Peña Capeña (Homebuilt - 1984)
 * Peña Dahu (Homebuilt - 1996)
 * Peña Joker (Homebuilt - 2002)
 * Piel Pinocchio II (Homebuilt - 1986)
 * Romano R.82 (1936)
 * Scintex Super Emeraude (Homebuilt - 1954)
 * Tech Aero TR 200 (Homebuilt - 1988)

France & Germany

 * Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet (operated by the Patrouille de France) (1973)

Germany

 * Akaflieg München Mü30 Schlacro (2000)
 * Albatros L 79 Kobold (1929)
 * Arado Ar 79 (1938)
 * BFW M.35 (1933)
 * Bücker Bü 131 (1934)
 * Bücker Bü 133 (flown by Alexandru Papană) (1935)
 * Dietrich DP.II (1923?)
 * Extra EA-200 (1996)
 * Extra EA-230 (1983)
 * Extra EA-300 (operated by the Royal Jordanian Falcons) (1988)
 * Fieseler F2 Tiger (1932)
 * Fieseler Fi 5 (1933)
 * Focke-Wulf S 24 (1928)
 * Focke-Wulf Fw 44 (1932)
 * Grob G 120 (1999)
 * Hirth Acrostar (1970)
 * Junkers Profly Ultima (1993)
 * Klemm Kl 35 (1935)
 * MBB 223K-1 Flamingo
 * Mylius My-103 Mistral (1998)
 * Raab-Katzenstein RK-26 (flown by Gerhard Fieseler) (1929)
 * Udet U 12 Flamingo (flown by Ernst Udet) (1925)
 * XtremeAir Sbach 300
 * XtremeAir Sbach 342

Hungary

 * Corvus Racer 540 (2010)
 * Genevation GenPro (2018)

India

 * Hunter (1982)
 * Kiran MkII (1996)
 * Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)

Italy

 * Aermacchi SF.260 (operated by the Belgian Diables Rouges) (1964)
 * Aermacchi MB-326 (operated by the Silver Falcons & the Roulettes) (1957)
 * Aermacchi MB-339 (operated by the Frecce Tricolori) (1976)
 * Breda Ba.19 (operated by the Squadriglia di Alta Acrobazia Aerea) (1928)
 * CANSA C.5 (1939)
 * CANSA C.6 (1941)
 * Caproni Ca.113 (1931)

 * Fiat CR.32 (flown by the Pattuglie Acrobatiche) (1933)
 * General Avia F.22 (1992)
 * IMAM Ro.26 (or Romeo Ro.26) (1932)
 * Magni Vale (1937)
 * New Avio C205 ultra-light operated by Walter's Bad
 * Partenavia Alpha (1972)
 * Piaggio P.148 (1951)
 * Sequoia Falco (Homebuilt - 1955)
 * Sivel SD28 (1995)
 * Terzi T30 Katana (Homebuilt - 1991)

Japan

 * Mitsubishi T-2 (1980) - Blue Impulse
 * Kawasaki T-4 (1995) - Blue Impulse
 * Fuji FA-200 Aero Subaru

New Zealand

 * PAC CT/4 Airtrainer (operated by the RNZAF Red Checkers team) (1972)

Pakistan

 * PAC MFI-17 Mushshak (1981)

Poland

 * PWS-11 (1929)
 * PWS-35 Ogar (1938)
 * PZL TS-11 Iskra (1960)
 * PZL-130 Orlik (1984)
 * RWD 10 (1933)
 * RWD 17 (1937)

Romania

 * IAR 99 Șoim (1985)
 * Yakovlev Yak-52 (Iak-52, 1977, Aerostar Bacau)

Russia/Soviet Union

 * Aviatika-900 Acrobat (1993)
 * Aeropract-Samara A-41 (2016)
 * Mikoyan MiG-29 (1977)
 * MAI Kvant (1967)
 * Nikitin NV-6 (1940)
 * Sukhoi Su-26 (1988) single-seater
 * Sukhoi Su-27 (1977)
 * Sukhoi Su-29 (1991)
 * Sukhoi Su-31 (1992)
 * Technoavia SP-91 Slava
 * Technoavia SP-95
 * Yakovlev UT-1 (1936)
 * Yakovlev Yak-11 (1946)
 * Yakovlev Yak-18 (1946)
 * Yakovlev Yak-20 (1949)
 * Yakovlev Yak-50 (1975)
 * Yakovlev Yak-52 (1976)
 * Yakovlev Yak-53 (1982)
 * Yakovlev Yak-55 (1981)
 * Yakovlev Yak-54 (1993)

South Africa

 * Slick Aircraft Slick 360 (2004)

Spain

 * CASA C-101 Aviojet(1977)

Sweden

 * Andreasson BA-4B (Homebuilt - 1966)
 * Saab 105 (operated by Team 60) (1963)

Switzerland

 * Pilatus P-3 (operated by the P3 Flyers) (1996)
 * Pilatus PC-7 (operated by the PC-7 Team) (1989)
 * Pilatus PC-9 (operated by the Blue Phoenix) (1984)
 * Pilatus PC-21 (operated by the RAAF Roulettes) (1989)

Taiwan/Republic of China

 * AIDC AT-3 Republic of China Air Force Thunder Tiger Aerobatics Team

United Kingdom

 * Armstrong Whitworth Siskin (operated by the Siskins) (1921)
 * Arrow Active (1931)
 * Auster Aiglet Trainer (1951)
 * Avro Avian (1926)
 * Avro Cadet (1931)
 * BAE Hawk (operated by the Red Arrows) (1974)
 * Cranfield A1 Eagle (1976)
 * Currie Wot (Homebuilt - 1937)
 * De Havilland Tiger Moth (1931)
 * de Havilland Sea Venom
 * de Havilland Sea Vixen (operated by Simon's Sircus) (1951)
 * FLS Sprint (1983)
 * Folland Gnat (operated by the Yellowjacks and the Red Arrows) (1955)
 * Hawker Hunter (operated by the Black Arrows) (1951)
 * Hunting Percival Jet Provost (operated by the Red Pelicans) (1954)
 * Miles Satyr (1932)
 * Slingsby T67 Firefly (1974)
 * Sopwith Scooter (1918)
 * Sopwith Swallow (1918)
 * Southern Martlet (1929)
 * Speedtwin E2E Comet 1 (1991)

United States

 * Acro Sport I (Homebuilt - 1972)
 * Acro Sport II (Homebuilt)
 * Aircraft Technologies Acro 1 (Homebuilt 1993)
 * Aircraft Technologies Atlantis (Homebuilt - 1996)
 * American Champion Citabria (1964)
 * American Champion Decathlon (1970)
 * American Champion Super Decathlon (1976)
 * Bede BD-8 (Homebuilt - 1980)
 * Beechcraft T-34 Mentor (1948)
 * Beechcraft Bonanza (1947)
 * Boeing F2B (1926)
 * Bradley BA-100 Aerobat
 * Bradley BA-200 ATAC
 * Cessna 150 Aerobat (1957)
 * Cessna 152 Aerobat (1977)
 * Christen Eagle II/Aviat Eagle II (1977)
 * Culp Special
 * Curtiss JN-4 (1915)
 * Curtiss F7C Seahawk (1927)
 * Curtiss Hawk II (1932)
 * Curtiss Gulfhawk (1923)
 * D'Apuzzo Senior Aero Sport (Homebuilt - 1962)
 * Franklin Demon-1 (Homebuilt)
 * Freiberger Ron's 1 (Homebuilt - 1971)
 * Giles G-200 (Homebuilt)
 * Giles G-202 (Homebuilt)
 * Great Lakes Sport Trainer (1929)
 * Grumman G-22 Gulfhawk II (1938)
 * Hatz Classic (Homebuilt - 1990s)
 * Howland H-2A Honey Bee (Homebuilt - 1986)
 * Keleher Lark (Homebuilt)
 * Kraft Super Fli (Homebuilt - 1974)
 * Laser 200 (Homebuilt - 1970)
 * McCarley Mini-Mac (Homebuilt - 1970)
 * Merkel Mark II (Homebuilt)
 * Monocoupe 110 Special
 * Mustang Aeronautics Midget Mustang (Homebuilt - 1948)
 * Mustang Aeronautics Mustang II (Homebuilt - 1966)
 * MX Aircraft MX2 (2002)
 * MX Aircraft MXS
 * North American P-51 Mustang (1940)
 * North American SNJ/T-6 Texan (1935)
 * Piper J-3 Cub (Flying farmer act) (1938)
 * Piper PA-18 Super Cub (1949)
 * Pitts Special (Homebuilt - 1944)
 * Pitts Model 12 (Homebuilt - 1996)
 * Rans S-9 Chaos (Homebuilt - 1986)
 * Rans S-10 Sakota (Homebuilt - 1988)
 * Rans S-16 Shekari (Homebuilt - 1994)
 * Reflex Lightning Bug (Homebuilt - 1990s)
 * Rihn DR-107 One Design (homebuilt - 1993)
 * Rihn DR-109 (homebuilt - 1990s)
 * Rose Parakeet (Homebuilt - 1931)
 * Rowley P-40F (Homebuilt replica - 1986)
 * Rud Aero RA-2 (2012)
 * Rud Aero RA-3 (2013)
 * Ryan STA (1934)
 * Shober Willie II (Homebuilt - 1971)
 * SkyDancer SD-260 (Homebuilt - 1990s)
 * Skipper Scrappy UAC-200 (Homebuilt - 1970)
 * Skyote Aeromarine Skyote (Homebuilt - 1976)
 * Sonex Aircraft SubSonex (Homebuilt - 2009)
 * Sorrell Hiperbipe (Homebuilt)
 * Spinks Akromaster (Homebuilt)
 * Sport Flight Talon Typhoon (Homebuilt - 1989)
 * Starfire Firebolt (Homebuilt)
 * Staudacher S-300 (1990)
 * Staudacher S-600 (2010)
 * Stearman Model 75 (1934)
 * Steen Skybolt (Homebuilt - 1970)
 * Stephens Akro (Homebuilt - 1967)
 * Stewart S-51D Mustang (Homebuilt - 1994)
 * Stolp Acroduster (Homebuilt)
 * Stolp Acroduster Too (Homebuilt)
 * Stolp Starduster (Homebuilt)
 * Stolp Starduster Too (Homebuilt)
 * Stolp SA-900 V-Star (Homebuilt)
 * Super Chipmunk (modified de Havilland Canada Chipmunk)
 * Terle Sportplane (Homebuilt - 1931)
 * Travel Air 2000 (1925)
 * Travel Air 3000 (1928)
 * Travel Air 4000 (1929)
 * Van's Aircraft RV-14 (Homebuilt - 2012)
 * Viper Aircraft Viperfan (Homebuilt, 1990s)
 * Velox Revolution 1 (Homebuilt)
 * Waco 10/GXE/ASO/CSO/DSO/ATO/CTO (1927)
 * Waco A series (1932)
 * Waco F series (1930)
 * Zivko Edge 540 (1993)

Yugoslavia

 * Ikarus IK-2 (1935)
 * Rogožarski SIM-XI (1938)
 * Soko G-2 Galeb (1961)
 * Soko G-4 Super Galeb (1978)

Bulgaria

 * Kometa-Standard glider (1960)

Czechoslovakia

 * Letov LF-107 Luňák glider (1948)
 * Let L-13A Blanik
 * Let L-13AC Blanik

Germany

 * Akaflieg München Mü28 glider (1983)
 * DFS Habicht glider (1936)
 * Glaser-Dirks DG-300 Acro glider (1983)
 * Glasflügel H-101 glider (1970)
 * Grob G103a Twin II glider (1980?)
 * LCF II glider (1975)
 * Schempp-Hirth Standard Austria glider (1959)
 * Schleicher ASK 21 glider (1979)
 * Vogt Lo-100 glider (1952)
 * Glasflügel H101 Salto "Glieder" (1970)

Italy

 * Bonomi BS.14 Astore glider (1935)
 * Piana Canova PC.500 glider (1937)

Poland

 * Allstar SZD-59 glider (1991)
 * Instytut Szybownictwa IS-4 Jastrząb glider (1949)
 * Marganski Swift S-1 glider (1991)
 * MDM MDM-1 Fox glider (1993)
 * SZD-C Żuraw glider (1952)
 * SZD-21 Kobuz glider (1961)
 * SZD-22 Mucha Standard glider (1958)
 * SZD-24 Foka glider (1960)
 * SZD-32 Foka 5 glider (1966)
 * SZD-50 Puchacz glider (1979)
 * Allstar SZD-59 glider (1991)
 * Allstar SZD-54 Perkoz glider (2011)

Romania

 * ICA IS-28 glider (1970)
 * ICA IS-29 glider (1970)
 * ICA IAR-35 glider (1986)

Soviet Ukraine

 * Antonov A-13 glider (1958)

South Africa

 * Celair GA-1 Celstar glider (1989)

Sweden

 * Radab Windex glider (1985)

Yugoslavia

 * SVC Mačka glider (1956)

title: List of aerobatic aircraft


text:
Dov Hoz

Dov Hoz (דב הוז, September 19, 1894 - December 29, 1940) was a leader of the Labor Zionism movement, one of the founders of the Haganah organization, and a pioneer of Israeli aviation.

Biography
Born in Orsha, Russian Empire, in 1894, Hoz immigrated to Ottoman Palestine as a child along with his family in 1906. Beginning in 1909, he was part of the group that organized guarding activity of the city of Tel-Aviv. The group included Shaul Meirov-Avigur, Eliyahu Golomb and Moshe Sharett. During World War I, Hoz volunteered for service in the Turkish army and was sentenced to death for continuing activities to secure the Jewish settlement of Palestine. He escaped death by fleeing to the south of Palestine which had just been conquered by the British.

Hoz was one of the organizers of the Jewish Legion. From 1920 to 1930, he was a member of the central Haganah committee. From 1931 to 1940, he was a member of the national Haganah command center. He went on to become one of the heads of the labor movement and a founding member of the socialist Ahdut HaAvoda party. In 1935 he was appointed vice-mayor of Tel-Aviv, and later head of the state department of the Histadrut (Labor Federation).

Hoz died in a car accident in December 1940. He was on his way to an Aviron board meeting. He was traveling with his wife Rivka (sister of Moshe Sharett, who later became Israel's second prime minister) and his daughter Tirza. Also in the car were his sister-in-law Tzvia Sharett and Aviron co-founder Yitzhak Ben-Ya'akov. They all lost their lives in the fatal accident.

Aviation
Hoz and Yitzhak Ben Ya'akov from Degania Alef were the founders of Aviron Aviation Company, for which Hoz acted as CEO. Aviron was one of a handful of aviation pioneering enterprises of the Yishuv, created with its foreseeable security needs in mind. It trained pilots and established flight lines in Mandatory Palestine and outside, while serving as cover for the budding, tiny and illegal "air force" of the Yishuv, eventually organised between 1945 and 10 November 1947 as Palmach's Palavir, and then until Independence as the Haganah's Sherut Avir.

Legacy and commemoration
One year after Hoz's death, on Hanukkah 1941, Kibbutz Dorot was established in the Negev by German Jewish refugees. They dedicated their new home to the memory of the Hoz family. (Dorot is an acronym formed by the first letters of the names Dov, Rivka and Tirza.) Many national and local institutions and streets throughout Israel have been named in memory of Dov Hoz in the years since his tragic death. Tel Aviv's former city airport, Sde Dov Airport, was also named after him.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dov Hoz


text:
Weitchpec, California

Weitchpec (Karuk: Ansáfriik; Yurok: Wechpues, Wech)  is an unincorporated community within the Yurok reservation in Humboldt County, California, United States. It is located 35 mi northeast of Eureka, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m). The ZIP Code is 95546.

Weitchpec is located in the northwestern part of the state at the confluence of the Klamath and Trinity Rivers, and the junction of State Highways 96 and 169.

History

Temporary names in the 19th century were Durkee's Ferry and Weitchpec Bar) Durkee's Ferry recalls Clark W. Durkee, who operated a ferry at the place in 1851. In 1855, a temporary Federal post called Camp Strowbridge was established at Weitchpec, it was later called Fort Wool. The settlement was first within the bounds of Trinity County, then in 1851 Klamath County and after 1874, Humboldt County. A post office operated at Weitchpec from 1858 to 1860 and from 1891 to 1962.

Today Weitchpec features a small store/gas station owned by the tribe (formerly Pierson's Grocery); the Yurok Tribal Office and Community Center; and Weitchpec Elementary School. As of 2010, evening classes were available in Weitchpec in the Yurok language.

2012 earthquake
A 5.6 earthquake with an epicenter near Weitchpec occurred on February 13, 2012.

title: Weitchpec, California


text:
Potassium perchlorate

Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer when the solid is heated at high temperature although it usually reacts very slowly in solution with reducing agents or organic substances. This colorless crystalline solid is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the more performant ammonium perchlorate.

KClO4 has a relatively low solubility in water (1.5 g in 100 mL of water at 25 °C).

Production
Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride. This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).

It can also be produced by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of potassium chlorate and potassium hydroxide, and by the reaction of perchloric acid with potassium hydroxide; however, this is not used widely due to the dangers of perchloric acid.

Another preparation involves the electrolysis of a potassium chlorate solution, causing KClO4 to form and precipitate at the anode. This procedure is complicated by the low solubility of both potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate, the latter of which may precipitate onto the electrodes and impede the current.

Oxidizing properties
KClO4 is an oxidizer in the sense that it exothermically "transfers oxygen" to combustible materials, greatly increasing their rate of combustion relative to that in air. Thus, it reacts with glucose to give carbon dioxide, water molecules and potassium chloride:

 * 3 KClO4 +  C6H12O6   →   6 CO2  +  6 H2O  +  3 KCl

The conversion of solid glucose into hot gaseous is the basis of the explosive force of this and other such mixtures. With sugar, KClO4 yields a low explosive, provided a necessary confinement. Otherwise such mixtures simply deflagrate with an intense purple flame characteristic of potassium. Flash compositions used in firecrackers usually consist of a mixture of aluminium powder and potassium perchlorate. This mixture, sometimes called flash powder, is also used in ground and air fireworks.

As an oxidizer, potassium perchlorate can be used safely in the presence of sulfur, whereas potassium chlorate cannot. The greater reactivity of chlorate is typical – perchlorates are kinetically poorer oxidants. Chlorate produces chloric acid (HClO3), which is highly unstable and can lead to premature ignition of the composition. Correspondingly, perchloric acid (HClO4) is quite stable.

For a commercial use, potassium perchlorate is mixed 50/50 with potassium nitrate to fabricate Pyrodex, a black powder substitute, and when not compressed within a muzzle loading firearm or in a cartridge, burns at a sufficiently slow rate to prevent it from being categorized with the black powder as a "low explosive", and to demote it as "flammable" material.

Debated medical use
Potassium perchlorate can be used as an antithyroid agent used to treat hyperthyroidism, usually in combination with one other medication. This application exploits the similar ionic radius and hydrophilicity of perchlorate and iodide.

The administration of known goitrogen substances can also be used as a prevention in reducing the biological uptake of iodine, (whether it is the nutritional non-radioactive iodine-127 or radioactive iodine, most commonly iodine-131 (half-life = 8.02 days), as the body cannot discern between different iodine isotopes). Perchlorate ions, a common water contaminant in the USA due to the aerospace industry, has been shown to reduce iodine uptake and thus is classified as a goitrogen. Perchlorate ion is a competitive inhibitor of the process by which iodide is actively accumulated into the thyroid follicular cells. Studies involving healthy adult volunteers determined that at levels above 7 micrograms per kilogram per day (μg/(kg·d)), perchlorate begins to temporarily inhibit the thyroid gland's ability to absorb iodine from the bloodstream ("iodide uptake inhibition", thus perchlorate is a known goitrogen). The reduction of the iodide pool by perchlorate has a dual effect – reduction of excess hormone synthesis and hyperthyroidism, on the one hand, and reduction of thyroid inhibitor synthesis and hypothyroidism on the other. Perchlorate remains very useful as a single dose application in tests measuring the discharge of radioiodide accumulated in the thyroid as a result of many different disruptions in the further metabolism of iodide in the thyroid gland.

Treatment of thyrotoxicosis (including Graves' disease) with 600-2,000 mg potassium perchlorate (430-1,400 mg perchlorate) daily for periods of several months, or longer, was once a common practice, particularly in Europe, and perchlorate use at lower doses to treat thyroid problems continues to this day. Although 400 mg of potassium perchlorate divided into four or five daily doses was used initially and found effective, higher doses were introduced when 400 mg/d was discovered not to control thyrotoxicosis in all subjects.

Current regimens for treatment of thyrotoxicosis (including Graves' disease), when a patient is exposed to additional sources of iodine, commonly include 500 mg potassium perchlorate twice per day for 18–40 days.

Prophylaxis with perchlorate-containing water at concentrations of 17 ppm, corresponding to 0.5 mg/(kg·d) intake for a person of 70 kg consuming 2 litres of water per day, was found to reduce the baseline of radioiodine uptake by 67% This is equivalent to ingesting a total of just 35 mg of perchlorate ions per day. In another related study were subjects drank just 1 litre of perchlorate-containing water per day at a concentration of 10 ppm, i.e. daily 10 mg of perchlorate ions were ingested, an average 38% reduction in the uptake of Iodine was observed.

However, when the average perchlorate absorption in perchlorate plant workers subjected to the highest exposure has been estimated as approximately 0.5 mg/(kg·d), as in the above paragraph, a 67% reduction of iodine uptake would be expected. Studies of chronically exposed workers though have thus far failed to detect any abnormalities of thyroid function, including the uptake of iodine. This may well be attributable to sufficient daily exposure, or intake, of stable iodine-127 among these workers and the short 8 hr biological half life of perchlorate in the body.

To completely block the uptake of iodine-131 (half-life = 8.02 days) by the purposeful addition of perchlorate ions to a public water supply, aiming at dosages of 0.5 mg/(kg·d), or a water concentration of 17 ppm, would therefore be grossly inadequate at truly reducing a radio-iodine uptake. Perchlorate ion concentrations in a region water supply, would need to be much higher, at least 7.15 mg/kg of body weight per day or a water concentration of 250 ppm, assuming people drink 2 liters of water per day, to be truly beneficial to the population at preventing bioaccumulation when exposed to an iodine-131 contamination, independent of the availability of iodate or iodide compounds.

The distribution of perchlorate tablets, or the addition of perchlorate to the water supply, would need to continue for 80–90 days (~10 half-life of 8.02 days) after the release of iodine-131. After this time, the radioactive iodine-131 would have decayed to less than 1/1000 of its initial activity at which time the danger from the biological uptake of iodine-131 is essentially over.

Limitations and criticisms
So, perchlorate administration could represent a possible alternative to iodide tablets distribution in case of a large-scale nuclear accident releasing important quantities of iodine-131 in the atmosphere. However, the advantages are not always clear and would depend on the extent of a hypothetical nuclear accident. As for the stable iodide intake to rapidly saturate the thyroid gland before it accumulates radioactive iodine-131, a careful cost-benefit analysis has to be first done by the nuclear safety authorities. Indeed, blocking the thyroid activity of a whole population for three months can also have negative consequences for the human health, especially for young children.

So, the decision of perchlorate, or stable iodine, administration cannot be left to the individual initiative and falls under the authority of the government in case of a major nuclear accident.

Injecting perchlorate or iodide directly in the public drinking water is also probably as restrictive as tablets distribution.

title: Potassium perchlorate


text:
Talk:Ernest Mason Satow

Untitled
The pronounciation of Satow is still a problem in this article. It states the Japanese a is short. While this is true, it is short in length, not sound as the article indicates. I have Japanese books which state the Japanese a sounds like 'father' or 'ah' (as in Ah, that's great!). Can I edit this? I am not an expert, but the pronounciation article is all wrong.221.23.238.148 (talk) 22:24, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

The external links in this should be stripped out and converted into Wikipedia content. Jpatokal 04:46, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The source of his Sorbian heritage is his biography published in Japan. According to this book, the surname Satow is Sorbian, so it is so unusual among Germans. The suffix -ow is obviously Slavic. --1523 07:41, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

I find this man very interesting. I, however fail to understand the difference in the "a" pronounced in Satoh by the Japanese and the "a" pronounced in "tomato" by the British. Could you be more clear about this pronunciation difference between the two, or educate me about the difference? Malnova 20:36, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

I think the author means to say "tomato" as pronounced by the Americans.
 * (I agree, and I'm changing the text accordingly. As it is, it makes no sense. Even worse, "short a" in discussions of American English refers to as in "cat" -- which doesn't occur at all in Japanese -- not to  as in "cart" or "father" (also called "broad 'a'"), which does occur, as in the name "Satō". -- The section name should be changed accordingly, but I don't want to break any links to it. I've seen a way to do it right but I don't remember where.
 * OED long, adj.1, def.13a, note 3: "In ordinary language ‘the long a, e, i, o, or u’ denotes that sound of the letter which is used as its alphabetical name, while ‘the short a, e, i, o, or u’ denotes the sound which the letter most commonly has in a stressed short syllable (in the notation used in this Dictionary, respectively (æ), (ɛ), (ɪ), (ɒ), (ʌ))." --Thnidu (talk) 00:11, 13 March 2008 (UTC))

This whole discussion of his name and the choice of kanjis is problematic. The author states that there is no Japanese word with the pronunciation of Satow (assumably as pronouned in the American "tomato"). But in fact this is possible, although not common in Japanese names. For example 正藤 （せいとう）or 瀬藤（せとう）would achieve the desired result.

 * I have met and spoken to one of Ernest Satow's English relations. He told me that "Satow" was pronounced with a long a. The Japanese changed this to a short a to suit themselves. That is all I was really trying to say, and I am sorry for any confusion which has resulted. Indeed the whole paragraph should probably be removed as not being very useful. --Historian (talk) 01:49, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that the sentence should be revised. If you ave going to keep the essence of it in, please could you make reference to the sound as defined in the IPA, rather than just saying "long". I wouldn't have thought it would be pronounced as the "a" in American "tomato" which is actually quite short. Also, I am fairly sure that Japanese does have a "long a" (or at least an intermediate length "a"). It may well be that the Japanese chose to make it short, though, which could be relevant, but only insofar as it affects English-speakers' choice on how to pronounce it. Muchado (talk) 03:54, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

There's no Chinese transcription of his name? Elvisrules 15:21, 23 January 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Elvisrules (talk • contribs)

Connections with other notable persons
If anyone thinks its of value a new section could be added linking to (wiki site of) other notable people he met / knew, e.g.:

William Gifford Palgrave (28th April 1881 diary entry) Edward Lear (21st Dec 1875 diary Entry) John Russell Young (22nd June 1882 diary entry) - new American minister in China .. etc Referenced from "A Diplomat in Japan Part II" Ian Ruxton (ed) ISBN 978-0-557-10457-4--Victnihon (talk) 13:27, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

Link to volume one of satow's beijing diary
http://books.google.com/books?id=V7ztUW-RXrYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rajmaan (talk) 20:00, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

Japanese wife
his wife Kane is Japanese? she was from China. please collect. Wikipedia lies? Yuriko Tanabe (talk) 08:09, 2 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I would say "cite a professionally-published mainstream academic or journalistic source for your claim," but your other posts seem to indicate that you seem to be obsessed with some ideas of racial purity that Wikipedia policy doesn't support. Ian.thomson (talk) 03:09, 6 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I think the word you're looking for is "correct", not "collect". They mean two completely different things. Regardless of that, your comments make no sense. ··· 日本穣 ·  投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 08:07, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

British policy
satow pointed out that the emperor's existence had not even been mentioned by this Chinese emperor came to Japan. please collect. and please point out the Japanese emperor's existence. Yuriko Tanabe (talk) 06:21, 3 May 2016 (UTC)
 * You can read about the current emperor here, or read about the head of the Imperial House of Japan at Emperor of Japan. Outside of that, I don't have any idea what you are talking about as your comments make no sense. ··· 日本穣 ·  投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 08:09, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090316095459/http://www.aplink.jp/synapse/4-931444-06-7.htm to http://www.aplink.jp/synapse/4-931444-06-7.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090316101926/http://www.aplink.jp/synapse/4-931444-09-1.htm to http://www.aplink.jp/synapse/4-931444-09-1.htm
 * Added tag to http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0959-2296&volume=13&issue=2
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Never married his wife?
The beginning of the family section begins with the line "Satow was never able, as a diplomat serving in Japan, to marry his Japanese common-law wife, Takeda Kane 武田兼 (1853–1932) whom he met at an unknown date." This statement has no citation or further context to clarify what it is actually trying to say. How can one not be wedded to their common-law spouse? Was it that the marriage was unrecognised by the British and/or Japanese governments? Was it that they never had a religious ceremony to officiate the wedding? If anybody can help clarify I would be quite grateful. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Canodae (talk • contribs) 17:25, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ernest Mason Satow


text:
List of Test cricket hat-tricks

In the sport of cricket, a hat-trick is an occasion where a bowler takes three wickets in consecutive deliveries, dismissing three different batsmen. As of June 2021, this feat has only been achieved 46 times in more than two thousand Test matches, the form of the sport in which national representative teams compete in matches of up to five days' duration. The first Test hat-trick was recorded on 2 January 1879, in only the third Test match to take place, by the Australian pace bowler Fred Spofforth, nicknamed "The Demon Bowler", who dismissed three English batsmen with consecutive deliveries at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The most recent hat-trick was taken by South Africa's spin bowler Keshav Maharaj against the West Indies in June 2021 at Daren Sammy Cricket Ground in Gros Islet, Saint Lucia.

A player has taken two hat-tricks in the same Test match only once. Playing for Australia against South Africa in the first match of the 1912 Triangular Tournament at Old Trafford, Manchester, England, leg spinner Jimmy Matthews took a hat-trick in South Africa's first and second innings, both taken on 28 May 1912. He completed both hat-tricks by dismissing South Africa's Tommy Ward. Only three other cricketers have taken more than one Test hat-trick: Australian off spinner Hugh Trumble (two years apart, between the same teams at the same ground), Pakistani fast bowler Wasim Akram (just over a week apart, in consecutive matches between the same teams) and English fast bowler Stuart Broad. Three players have taken a hat-trick on their Test debut: English medium pace bowler Maurice Allom in 1930, New Zealand off-spinner Peter Petherick in 1976, and Australian pace bowler Damien Fleming in 1994. Alok Kapali took the fewest total Test wickets of any player who recorded a hat-trick, taking only six wickets in his entire Test career. Australian Peter Siddle is the only bowler to take a hat-trick on his birthday, and Bangladeshi off spinner Sohag Gazi is the only player to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match.

Sri Lankan seamer Nuwan Zoysa became the first player in the history to take a hat-trick off the first three balls of a Test match. He achieved this against Zimbabwe at Harare in November 1999, dismissing Trevor Gripper, Murray Goodwin and Neil Johnson. Indian pacer Irfan Pathan is the second bowler to take a hat-trick in the first over of a Test match, against Pakistan in 2006.

Australian Merv Hughes is the only bowler to take a hat-trick where the wickets fell over three overs. This was at WACA, Perth in 1988. He took a wicket (Curtly Ambrose) with the final ball of an over. With the first ball of his next over he took the final wicket of the West Indies innings (Patrick Patterson). He then removed the opener Gordon Greenidge with the first ball of the West Indies second innings. Even more unusually, Hughes's two first-innings wickets were not consecutive, since Tim May had bowled an over himself in between Hughes's two deliveries, and took the wicket of Gus Logie.

Two other hat-tricks have taken place over two innings rather than one, both taken by West Indians against Australia—Courtney Walsh and Jermaine Lawson. Walsh's, at the Gabba in 1988, was unusual since, like Hughes' (which was in the very next Test in the series), other wickets fell between the beginning and end of the hat-trick. After dismissing Dodemaide to finish off Australia's first innings, Walsh did not open the bowling in the Australian second innings, and in fact did not bowl until Australia had already lost two wickets and were 65 for 2: then with his first two deliveries he dismissed Wood and Veletta. Lawson's hat trick was at the Kensington Oval in 2003. He removed tail-enders Lee and MacGill in successive deliveries before Australia declared their first innings (at 605–9), and then took the wicket of Langer with the first delivery of Australia's second innings. In the five-match series between a Rest of the World XI and England in 1970, a hat-trick was taken by South African Eddie Barlow in the fourth match, at Headingley (the last three of four wickets in five balls). These matches were considered to be Tests at the time, but that status was later removed.

By team
England and Australia combined have taken over half of all Test match hat-tricks to date, 25 of 46 (54.35%).

title: List of Test cricket hat-tricks


text:
List of Swarthmore College people

The following is a list of notable people associated with Swarthmore College, a private, independent liberal arts college located in the borough of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.

Since its founding in 1864, Swarthmore has graduated 156 classes of students. As of 2022, the College enrolls 1,689 students and has roughly 21,300 living alumni.

As of spring 2022, Swarthmore employs nearly 200 faculty members.

Nobel laureates
Listed chronologically by year of the award.

MacArthur Fellows
Listed chronologically by year of the grant.

List of alumni
Listed in alphabetical order by surname.

Architecture

 * Frances Halsband (1965) - FAIA, former Dean of School of Architecture at Pratt Institute
 * Margaret Helfand (1969)- FAIA (attended 1965–68)
 * Steven Izenour (1962)
 * Marianne McKenna (1972) - RIBA

Arts, film, theatre, and broadcasting

 * Joseph Altuzarra (2005) – fashion designer, winner of the 2011 CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund Award
 * Lisa Albert (1981) – television producer and writer, Mad Men, Beautiful People, Living Single, Becker, Murphy Brown, Major Dad
 * Mark Alburger (1979) – composer; founder / music director of San Francisco Composers Chamber Orchestra; music director of Goat Hall Productions; founder / editor-publisher of 21st-Century Music.
 * Peter Bart (1954) – Vice President and Editor-in-Chief of Variety
 * Al Carmines (1958) – composer of Off-Broadway musicals; pastor
 * Bruce Cratsley (1966) - American photographer specialized in still lifes, portraits of friends, and gay life in New York City
 * Marshall Curry (1992) – documentary filmmaker of Street Fight, If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front, Racing Dreams, and Point and Shoot; 2006 Oscar nominee for Documentary Feature; 2006 News & Documentary Emmy Award nominee for Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story: Long Form; 2012 Oscar nominee for Documentary Feature, Academy Award-winning short film The Neighbors' Window (2019).
 * David Dye (1972) – radio personality and host of the World Cafe
 * Michael Forster Rothbart (1994) – photojournalist
 * John Freeman (1996) – Writer, literary critic and former editor of the literary magazine Granta and executive editor at Alfred A. Knopf.
 * Steven Gilborn (1969) – Actor
 * Alexandra Grant (1994) – visual artist
 * Evan Gregory (2001) – member of The Gregory Brothers (creators of Auto-tune the News)
 * Steven Izenour (1962) – architect; co-author of Learning from Las Vegas
 * Grant S. Johnson (2014) - filmmaker
 * Nicholas Kazan (1969) – screenwriter
 * H. C. Robbins Landon (1946) – musicologist
 * Stephen Lang by Gage Skidmore.jpg, class of 1972]]Stephen Lang (1972) – Tony Award-nominated actor and playwright; star of Avatar, Gods and Generals, Gettysburg, Tombstone, and Terra Nova
 * Cynthia Ling Lee - dancer, choreographer, and dance scholar
 * Michael Lessac (1961) - theater, television, and film director and screenwriter.
 * David Linde (1982) – Executive Producer of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Y Tu Mamá También; co-founder of Focus Features; Co-Chair of Universal Studios
 * Beth Littleford (3 yrs) – former Daily Show correspondent, Comedy Central personality, and actress, Dog With a Blog
 * Dana Lyons (1982) – independent singer/songwriter
 * Richard Martin (1967) – art and fashion historian; former Curator-in-Chief of the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * François Picard (journalist) (1988 ) a dual national Franco-American journalist who hosts the English language France focused (a) current affairs talk show The Debate and (b) journalist roundtable discussion show The World This Week
 * Dawn Porter (1988) – documentary filmmaker, director of Gideon's Army, nominee for News & Documentary Emmy Award
 * Peter Schickele (1957) – composer, often under the comic pseudonym P. D. Q. Bach
 * Aaron Schwartz (1970) – actor, director and copyright lawyer in Toronto
 * Tom Snyder (1972) – founder of Soup2Nuts (formerly Tom Snyder Productions) animation studio; co-creator and Executive Producer, Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist; Executive Producer, Home Movies
 * Robert Storr (1972) – Dean of the Yale School of Art; curator; painter; critic; director of Venice Biennale 2007
 * Darko Tresnjak (1988) (1988) – Director, Artistic Director of the Old Globe Shakespeare Festival in San Diego; CA; 2014 Tony Award winner for Best Direction of a Musical, A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder
 * Cinequest 24 San Jose California (13406008694).jpg[[Kenneth Turan]] (1967) – movie reviewer, Los Angeles Times
 * Robert C. Turner (1969) – ceramic artist
 * Michael J. Weithorn (1978) – television producer and writer, The King of Queens, Family Ties, Ned & Stacey, The Goldbergs
 * Paul Williams (1969) – founder and publisher of Crawdaddy!
 * Jenny Yang – writer and comedian, majored in Political Science.
 * Michał Zadara (1999) – Polish theatre director

Business

 * Peter Cohan (1979) – President, Peter S. Cohan & Associates
 * David L. Cohen (1977) – American businessman, attorney, lobbyist, and diplomat who is (as of March 2023) the United States ambassador to Canada who previously served as (a) senior executive vice president, chief lobbyist, and the senior advisor to the CEO of Comcast Corporation and (b) chairman of the board of trustees for the University of Pennsylvania and (c) chief of staff to former Philadelphia Mayor Ed Rendell
 * John Diebold (1949) – founder of Diebold Group, Diebold, Inc., and The Diebold Institute for Public Policy
 * John D. Goldman (1971) – CEO, Richard N. Goldman & Co. Insurance Services; President, San Francisco Symphony
 * Jerome Kohlberg, Jr. (1946) – billionaire (Forbes 400 Richest in America); co-founder, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
 * Eugene M. Lang (1938) – founder of REFAC Technology Development Corporation, philanthropist
 * Nick Martin (2004) – founder and CEO of TechChange
 * Thomas B. McCabe (1915) – Chairman, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, President, Scott Paper
 * Arthur S. Obermayer (1952) – founder of the Moleculon Research Corporation; Jewish-American philanthropist.
 * Thomas Rowe Price, Jr. (1919) – founder of T. Rowe Price
 * Kate Warne (1976) – Principal, Investment Strategist, Edward Jones Investments
 * Robert Zoellick (1976) – former president of the World Bank
 * Danna Azrieli - Chairwoman of Azrieli Group

Economics

 * Dean Baker (1981) – macroeconomist; co-founder and co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research
 * Bridget Boakye – Ghanaian entrepreneur
 * Robert Cooter (1967) – scholar in law and economics, Professor at UC Berkeley School of Law
 * Andre Gunder Frank (1950) – German-American economic historian and sociologist; developer of dependency theory
 * Diana Furchtgott-Roth (1979) – former Chief Economist of the United States Department of Labor, former chief of staff of President George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute
 * Michael Greenstone (1991) – 3M Professor of Environmental Economics at MIT, director of the Hamilton Project
 * Kevin Hassett (1984) - economic adviser to four Republican presidential candidates; chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, 2017-2019
 * Pinar Karaca-Mandic (1998) – Health economist and Professor of Management at Carlson School of Management
 * Peter J. Katzenstein (1967) – Walter S. Carpenter, Jr. Professor of International Studies at Cornell University; member of the Council on Foreign Relations
 * Clark Kerr (1932) – industrial economist, first chancellor of University of California, Berkeley, twelfth president of the University of California
 * William N. Kinnard (1947) – former Director of the Institute of Urban Research; Founding Director of the Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics; leading author, lecturer, and expert on the topic of real estate valuation; his text, Income Property Valuation, published in 1971, is still considered a classic in the field
 * Arnold Kling (1975) – founder and co-editor of EconLog, a popular economics blog
 * Linda Datcher Loury (1973) – noted Social Economist and professor at Tufts University
 * Thomas Bayard McCabe (1893-1982) – Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (1948-1951)
 * Jeffrey Miron (1979) – chairman of the Department of Economics at Boston University, 1992-1998; director of undergraduate studies in the Harvard University Department of Economics, director of economic studies at the Cato Institute
 * Karen Pence (1992) - Deputy Associate Director of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors
 * William Poole (1959) – eleventh president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
 * Edward C. Prescott (1962) – winner of 2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
 * Iqbal Quadir (1982) – founder of Gonofone and GrameenPhone; founder and Director of the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT
 * Sam Schulhofer-Wohl (1998) – Senior Vice President and Director of Financial Policy of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
 * Hans Stoll (1962) – The Anne Marie and Thomas B. Walker, Jr. Professor of Finance and Director of the Financial Markets Research Center at Vanderbilt University's Owen Graduate School of Management; former president of American Finance Association
 * Peter Temin (1959) – economic historian, Elisha Gray II Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Christopher Udry (1981) – King Professor of Economics at Northwestern University; co-founder and co-director of the Global Poverty Research Lab at the Kellogg School of Management
 * E. Roy Weintraub (1964) – Professor of Economics at Duke University focusing on the history of the interconnection between mathematics and economics in the twentieth century
 * Martin Weitzman (1963) – Environmental economist and Professor of Economics at Harvard University
 * Gavin Wright (1965) – Economic historian and Professor of Economics at Stanford University

Education

 * Patrick Awuah, Jr. (1988) – founder, Ashesi University, Ghana's first liberal arts college
 * David Baltimore (1960) – President of Caltech; Nobel Prize winner
 * Nancy Y. Bekavac – first female president of Scripps College
 * Detlev W. Bronk – former president, Johns Hopkins University
 * William Boulding (born 1955), dean of the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University
 * Kimberly Wright Cassidy – President, Bryn Mawr College
 * David L. Cohen (1977) – served as chairman of the board of trustees for the University of Pennsylvania
 * Paul Courant – Provost, University of Michigan
 * Sean M. Decatur – President, Kenyon College
 * Christopher Edley, Jr. – Dean of University of California, Berkeley School of Law
 * Lara Estroff – materials scientist and professor at Cornell University
 * Neil R. Grabois – former Provost, Williams College; former president, Colgate University
 * Tori Haring-Smith – President, Washington and Jefferson College
 * Rachel Jacobs (1997) CEO of ApprenNet and social activist
 * Clark Kerr – first Chancellor, the University of California, Berkeley and 12th President, the University of California
 * Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot (1966) – Emily Hargroves Fisher Professor of Education at Harvard Graduate School of Education; Chairman of the Board, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; first African-American woman in Harvard University's history to have an endowed professorship named in her honor
 * Richard Wall Lyman – former president (7th), Stanford University
 * Christina Hull Paxson (1982)- President-elect (19th), Brown University
 * David H. Porter (1958) – former president, Skidmore College
 * Robert Prichard – former president (13th), University of Toronto
 * Lawrence Schall (1975) – President, Oglethorpe University
 * Daniel L. Schwartz (1979) – Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Education
 * Alan Valentine – former president, University of Rochester
 * Helen Magill White – first woman in the US to earn a Ph.D.
 * Phyllis Wise – Provost, University of Washington
 * Mary Schmidt Campbell – President, Spelman College

Historians

 * Margaret Lavinia Anderson – University of California, Berkeley
 * Pamela Kyle Crossley – Dartmouth College
 * Philip Curtin – Distinguished professor of African history, Johns Hopkins University
 * Jonathan Dewald – SUNY Distinguished Professor of History, State University of New York at Buffalo
 * Linda Gordon – New York University (NYU)
 * Linda Grant DePauw – George Washington University
 * Daniel Headrick - Roosevelt University
 * Pieter M. Judson – Swarthmore College
 * Thomas Laqueur – University of California, Berkeley
 * David Montgomery – Yale (emeritus)
 * John H. Morrow Jr. – University of Georgia at Athens
 * Albert Cook Myers – secretary, Pennsylvania State Historical Commission
 * William Rubinstein - Deakin University, University of Wales
 * Nayan Shah – University of California at San Diego
 * Gavin Wright – Stanford University
 * Tara Zahra – University of Chicago

Humanities and law

 * T. Alexander Aleinikoff (1974) – Dean, Georgetown University Law Center (law school)
 * Elizabeth S. Anderson (1981) – John Dewey Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies, University of Michigan
 * Adrienne Asch (1946-2013) – founding director of the Center for Ethics at Yeshiva University
 * Ellen Ash Peters (1951) – Chief Justice, Connecticut Supreme Court
 * Leo Braudy (1963) – University and Leo S. Bing Professor of English and American Literature, University of Southern California
 * Peter Berkowitz – The Tad and Dianne Taube Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution
 * Anne Pippin Burnett (class of 1946) - American classical scholar best known for her work on Greek literature, especially tragedy and the lyric poetry of the archaic and early classical periods
 * Cora Diamond – Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia
 * Frank H. Easterbrook (1970) – Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
 * Christopher Edley, Jr. (1973) – Dean, University of California, Berkeley School of Law
 * Arianna Freeman (2001) – Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Marjorie Garber – Director, the Humanities Center at Harvard University; Shakespeare scholar; cultural critic
 * Allan Gibbard – Professor of Philosophy (ethics), University of Michigan
 * Ruth Wilson Gilmore – abolitionist and prison scholar
 * Michael Hardt – Professor of Literature, Duke University; author of Empire.
 * Gilbert Harman – Professor of Philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind), Princeton University
 * Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., law professor
 * James C. Hormel (1955) – former dean, University of Chicago Law School
 * Ray Jackendoff – Professor of Linguistics – Tufts University
 * David Lewis – Professor of Philosophy (philosophical logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics), Princeton University
 * Wilma A. Lewis (1978) – former United States Attorney, District of Columbia
 * Eben Moglen (1980) – professor of law and legal history, Columbia University; general counsel and board member at the Free Software Foundation; co-author of the original GNU General Public License
 * Alexander Nehamas – Professor of Humanities and Comparative Literature (Greek philosophy, philosophy of art), Princeton University
 * Alexander Mitchell Palmer (1891) – United States Attorney General (1919–1921)
 * Barbara Partee – Emeritus Professor of Linguistics and Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Amherst
 * Jed S. Rakoff (1964) – legal scholar, judge on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 * Charles F.C. Ruff (1960) – Special Prosecutor during the Watergate scandal, defender of Anita Hill during confirmation hearings for Clarence Thomas, counsel to President Bill Clinton during the Lewinsky scandal
 * Mary M. Schroeder (1962) – Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
 * Stewart J. Schwab (1975) – Dean and Professor of Law, Cornell Law School
 * Mark D. Schwartz (1975) – attorney in private practice; former first vice president of Prudential-Bache Securities's public-finance department
 * Herbert W. Smyth (1876) – Professor of Classics whose comprehensive grammar of Ancient Greek has become a standard reference
 * Peter Unger – Professor of Philosophy (epistemology, metaphysics), New York University
 * Christina Crosby – Professor of English Literature, Professor of English, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Wesleyan University

Natural science, medicine, and engineering

 * Ted Abel – Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania.
 * Margaret Allen – first female heart transplant surgeon
 * Dave Bayer – math consultant, A Beautiful Mind
 * Christopher F. Chyba – Professor at Princeton University
 * Paul Crowell – Professor of Physics, University of Minnesota
 * Bruce T. Draine – astrophysicist; author of "Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium"; Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton
 * Sandra Moore Faber – astronomer, member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, diagnosis and repair of the Hubble Space Telescope's spherical aberration, design of the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) for the Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii
 * Sorelle Friedler (2004) – professor of computer science at Haverford College, former Assistant Director for Data and Democracy in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
 * Neil Gershenfeld – Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at MIT, director of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms
 * William H. Green - Hoyt C. Hottel Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT.
 * Frank Hastings Griffin (1910), chemist who invented Rayon.
 * Rush Holt Jr. - CEO of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
 * John J. Hopfield – Professor of Molecular Biology at Princeton University; member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society
 * Alexander Huk – Professor of Neuroscience and Director of the Center for Perceptual Systems at the University of Texas at Austin.
 * Tyler Lyson (2006) – curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science
 * Robert MacPherson (1966) – mathematician at the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University; National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics (1992); Leroy P. Steele Prize (2002, with Goresky); Heinz Hopf Prize (2009)
 * Holbrook Mann MacNeille – mathematician; professor; Scientific Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development; chief of the Fundamental Research Branch of the United States Atomic Energy Commission
 * John C. Mather – Senior Astrophysicist, Infrared Astrophysics Branch at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center; 2006 Nobel laureate in physics for his work on the cosmic microwave background
 * Rogers McVaugh – professor of botany; UNC herbarium's curator of Mexican plants; Adjunct Research Scientist of the Hunt Institute in Carnegie Mellon University; Professor Emeritus of botany in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
 * Newton Morton – population geneticist, one of the founders of the field of genetic epidemiology
 * Ted Nelson – computer visionary; coined the term "hypertext"
 * Marcella Nunez-Smith – physician, co-chair of president Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board and leader of task force on health equity
 * Frank Oski – Director of Pediatrics at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
 * G. Raymond Rettew – chemist; pioneered mass production of penicillin during World War II
 * Sally Ride – astronaut and physicist, first American woman in space, attended for three semesters
 * Nancy Roman – astronomer; one of "the inspirational women" of NASA
 * Anne Schuchat – Acting Director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
 * Maxine Frank Singer – biochemist, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington since 1988
 * Charlotte Moore Sitterly – astronomer; identified chemical elements in the sun using spectroscopy
 * Karen Strier – professor of biological anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
 * Daniel F. Styer (Ph.D. 1983) - professor of physics at Oberlin College
 * Joseph Takahashi – neuroscientist at Northwestern University; member of the National Academy of Sciences; Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator; identified key genes involved in mammalian circadian rhythms
 * Emma Vyssotsky - astronomer at the University of Virginia
 * Peter J. Weinberger – computer scientist; former head of CS Research at Bell Labs; inventor of the AWK programming language

Politics and government

 * Alice Paul (1915) by Harris & Ewing.jpg, class of 1905]]Kyle Anderson – Executive Director at Congressional Black Caucus
 * Samuel Assefa – Ethiopian Ambassador to the United States
 * Erica Barks-Ruggles – U.S. Ambassador to Rwanda
 * Paul Booth – Labor leader, executive assistant to the president of AFSCME
 * William H. Brown, Jr. – parliamentarian, the United States House of Representatives
 * Armond Budish – Democratic Minority Leader of Ohio House of Representatives
 * Dennis Cheng.jpg Dennis Cheng, class of 2001]]Dennis Cheng – national finance director of the 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton
 * David L. Cohen (1977) – American businessman, attorney, lobbyist, and diplomat who is (as of March 2023) the United States ambassador to Canada
 * Scott Cowger – Democratic state legislator from Maine
 * Peter Deutsch – Democratic member of the House of Representatives, 1993–2005; represented Florida's 20th congressional district
 * Michael Dukakis – Governor of Massachusetts; Democratic nominee in the 1988 presidential election
 * Christiana Figueres – Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (2010–2016)
 * Robert P. George – member, President's Council on Bioethics; professor, Princeton University
 * Josh Green – Governor of Hawaii (2022–present); 15th Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
 * Rush Holt Jr. – Congressman from New Jersey, 1999 - 2015
 * Kevin Hassett – chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, 2017-2019
 * Leon Henderson – administrator of the Office of Price Administration, 1941-1942
 * James Hormel – former ambassador to Luxembourg, first openly gay U.S. Ambassador
 * M. Evelyn Killen (1871–1951), President, Delaware State Woman's Christian Temperance Union
 * Eugene M. Lang – philanthropist, founder of the I Have A Dream Foundation; 1996 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
 * Thomas B. McCabe – Chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, 1948-1951, and recipient of the Medal of Merit for his government work during World War II.
 * Carl Levin – Democratic U.S. Senator from Michigan
 * Mary B. Newman – Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1953–1954 and 1957–1970
 * Alice Paul – women's suffrage leader from 1913 onwards, author of first Equal Rights Amendment proposal
 * Amos J. Peaslee – politician, author, and United States Ambassador to Australia, 1953-1956
 * Robert D. Putnam – social capital theorist, author of Bowling Alone, Harvard University professor
 * Antoinette Sayeh – Minister of Finance, Liberia
 * William C. Sproul – 27th governor of Pennsylvania
 * Chris Van Hollen – Democratic United States Senator from Maryland
 * Phil Weiser – 39th Colorado Attorney General,
 * Cathy Wilkerson – radical activist and former member of the Weather Underground, known for being present at the 1970 Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
 * James Morrison Wilson, Jr. – career diplomat; Foreign Service officer; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific; U.S. Deputy Representative for Micronesian Status Negotiations; Department of State Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs (1975–1977)
 * Carl Wittman – writer, LGBT rights activist and member of the national council of Students for a Democratic Society
 * Molly Yard – former president of the National Organization for Women
 * Miles Yu, historian, strategist, foreign policy adviser.

Psychology

 * Adele Diamond – pioneer in developmental cognitive neuroscience; professor at The University of British Columbia
 * Bird Thomas Baldwin – pioneer in child development
 * Eugene Galanter – pioneer in cognitive psychology and psychometrics; Professor Emeritus, Columbia University
 * Carol Gilligan – recipient of Grawemeyer Award; professor at New York University
 * Rachel Hare-Mustin – feminist psychologist; Parliamentarian of the American Psychological Association
 * Katharine Briggs and and her daughter Isabel Briggs-Myers.png, co-creater of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. ]]Isabel Myers – co-creator of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
 * Robert Rescorla – co-creator of the Rescorla-Wagner model; professor at University of Pennsylvania

Sports

 * Ed Ayres (1963) – ultramarathon runner; winner of JFK 50 Mile; editor and publisher of Running Times magazine
 * Robin Carpenter (2014) – professional road cyclist
 * Ben Clime – NFL player
 * Eran Ganot - college basketball head coach (University of Hawaii)
 * Dick Hall – former Major League Baseball pitcher; appeared in three World Series for the Baltimore Orioles, 1969–71
 * Ladule Lako LoSarah – international footballer for the Republic of South Sudan
 * Morgan Langley – player with the Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer
 * Lee MacPhail - President of the American League (MLB), 1973-1984
 * Tiny Maxwell – College Football Hall of Fame player and referee
 * Curly Ogden - Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Jack Ogden - Major League Baseball pitcher

Writers, journalists, and publishers

 * Eliot Asinof –writer, especially about baseball
 * Peter Bart – Vice President and Editor-in-Chief of Variety
 * Lauren Belfer – author of novel City of Light
 * Peter Biskind – author of Easy Riders, Raging Bulls
 * David G. Bradley – chair of The Atlantic Monthly and National Journal Group, Inc.
 * Ben Brantley – chief theater critic of The New York Times
 * Amy Fine Collins – author and contributor at Vanity Fair
 * Heywood Hale Broun – sportswriter and CBS Sports commentator
 * Arthur Chu – columnist and former contestant on Jeopardy!
 * Diane Di Prima – Beat generation poet
 * Kurt Eichenwald – New York Times reporter and author of books on white-collar crime (Serpent on the Rock, The Informant, Conspiracy of Fools)
 * Julie Falk (1998) – Executive Director of Bitch Media
 * Jessica Fisher – poet, translator, critic; winner of the Rome Prize and Yale Series of Younger PoetsJonathan Franzen 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG, class of 1981]]
 * Jonathan Franzen – author of The Corrections; winner of the 2001 National Book Award for Fiction
 * Daisy Fried (1989) – poet, author of My Brother is Getting Arrested Again and She Didn't Mean to Do It
 * Gregory Gibson – author of Gone Boy, Demon of the Waters, and Hubert’s Freaks
 * Justin Hall – pioneer blogger
 * Adam Haslett (1992) – author of You Are Not a Stranger Here (Pulitzer Prize finalist, National Book Award finalist, and 2002 L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award winner); stories in The New Yorker, The Nation, The Atlantic Monthly, Zoetrope All-Story, and National Public Radio’s Selected Shorts
 * Arlie Russell Hochschild, sociologist and author
 * Marni Hodgkin, children's book editor tech
 * Anick Jesdanun (1991), technology reporter, editor, and the first "internet writer" in the history of the Associated Press history
 * Josef Joffe – Editor in Chief, Die Zeit
 * John Brady Kiesling – writer, former U.S. diplomat
 * Christopher Lehmann-Haupt – journalist, book review and obit editor for New York Times
 * Cynthia Leive – Editor in Chief, Glamour
 * Helen Reimensnyder Martin (1868–1939) – novelist
 * Daniel Menaker – fiction editor, The New Yorker, and Executive Editor-in-Chief, Random House
 * James A. Michener – novelist
 * Lulu Miller – writer, artist, and science reporter for National Public Radio
 * Victor Navasky – publisher and Editorial Director of The Nation (1995–2005); Chair of Columbia Journalism Review
 * Yongsoo Park (1994) - novelist; author of the novels Boy Genius, Las Cucarachas, the essay collection The Art of Eating Bitter : a Hausfrau Dad's Journey with Kids, and the memoir Rated R Boy: Growing Up Korean in 1980s Queens
 * Drew Pearson – journalist
 * Julie Phillips - journalist, writer, biographer
 * Jon Raymond – novelist, short story writer, and co-writer of the films Old Joy and Wendy and Lucy
 * Rishi Reddi – short story writer
 * Rudy Rucker – cyberpunk novelist; winner of two Philip K. Dick Awards
 * Norman Rush – novelist, winner of the 1991 National Book Award for Mating
 * William Saletan – Chief National Correspondent for Slate.com; author of Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War
 * Jonathan Shainin (2000) – head of opinion at The Guardian
 * Anna Shechtman – journalist and crossword compiler
 * Kenneth Turan – film critic of The Los Angeles Times
 * Mark Vonnegut – physician and author, son of Kurt Vonnegut; his memoir of schizophrenia The Eden Express opens with his Swarthmore graduation
 * Nora Waln – journalist and memoirist on China and Nazi Germany
 * Micah White – creator of Occupy Wall Street
 * Mary Wiltenburg – journalist
 * Valerie Worth (d. 1994) – poet and writer; especially known for her children's poems
 * Rowan Ricardo Phillips – poet and writer; author of Living Weapon: Poems and The Circuit: A Tennis Odyssey

Presidents

 * Valerie Smith, 2015–
 * Rebecca Chopp, 2009–2014
 * Alfred H. Bloom, 1991–2009
 * David W. Fraser, 1982–1991
 * Theodore W. Friend, 1973–1982
 * Robert D. Cross, 1969–1971
 * Courtney C. Smith, 1953–1969
 * John W. Nason, 1940–1953
 * Frank Aydelotte, 1921–1940
 * Joseph Swain, 1902–1921
 * William W. Birdsall, 1898–1902
 * Charles De Garmo, 1891–1898
 * William Hyde Appleton, 1889–1891
 * Edward Hicks Magill, 1871–1889
 * Edward Parrish, 1865–1871

Current faculty

 * Alan Baker, philosophy
 * Amanda Bayer, economics
 * Theodore B. Fernald, linguistics
 * K. David Harrison, linguistics
 * Gerald Levinson, music
 * Donna Jo Napoli, linguistics
 * Ron Tarver, art and art history
 * Chinelo Okparanta, English literature
 * Theodore B. Fernald, linguistics
 * K. David Harrison, linguistics and cognitive science
 * Rodney Evans, film and media studies
 * Mark I. Wallace, religion, environmental studies
 * Aimee Johnson, mathematics and statistics

Former faculty

 * Solomon Asch, psychology
 * Nathalie Anderson, English literature
 * English-poet-W-H-Auden-142365632626.jpg[[W. H. Auden]] (poet), literature
 * Monroe Beardsley, philosophy
 * Brand Blanshard, philosophy
 * Daniel J. Boorstin, history
 * Richard Brandt, philosophy
 * Ralph Bunche - 1963 March on Washington.jpg laureate Ralph Bunche]]Ralph Bunche, political science
 * Joseph Church, music
 * Bruce Cumings, international relations
 * James Freeman, music
 * Robert Gallucci
 * Kenneth Gergen, psychology
 * Scott F. Gilbert, biology
 * Lila R. Gleitman, linguistics
 * Harold Clarke Goddard, English, Shakespeare studies
 * Frank Hastings Griffin, chemistry
 * Rush D. Holt, Jr., physics
 * Raymond F. Hopkins, political science
 * Philip Jefferson, economics
 * Jennie Keith, anthropology
 * Nannerl O. Keohane, political science
 * Robert Keohane, political science
 * Wolfgang Köhler, psychology
 * James Kurth, political science, editor of Orbis
 * Andrea Lee, English literature
 * Joseph Leidy, natural history
 * George W. Lewis, engineering
 * Kenneth Lieberthal, political science
 * James Magruder, theatre
 * Michael Marissen, music
 * Louis Massiah, black studies, film and media studies
 * Ann McNamee, music
 * Judith Moffett, English
 * Jonathan D. Moreno
 * Scott Nearing, economics
 * Harold E. Pagliaro, English
 * Frederic Pryor, economics
 * Barry Schwartz.jpg, Professor of Psychology from 1971 to 2016]]Maria L. Sanford, history
 * Barry Schwartz, psychology
 * Wolfgang F. Stolper, economics
 * Judith G. Voet, chemistry and biochemistry
 * Hans Wallach, psychology
 * Kenneth Waltz, political science
 * Clair Wilcox, economics

title: List of Swarthmore College people


text: Category:Kingdom of Dahomey

title: Category:Kingdom of Dahomey


text:
Paul Poberezny

Paul Howard Poberezny (September 14, 1921 – August 22, 2013) was an American aviator, entrepreneur, and aircraft designer. He founded the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) in 1953, and spent the greater part of his life promoting homebuilt aircraft.

Poberezny is widely considered as the first person to have popularized the tradition of aircraft homebuilding in the United States. Through his work founding EAA and the organization's annual convention in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, he had the reputation of helping inspire millions of people to get involved in grassroots aviation. Many attribute his legacy with the growth and sustainment of the US general aviation industry in the later part of the 20th century and into the early 21st. For the last two decades of his tenure as chairman of the EAA from 1989–2009, he worked closely with his son, aerobatic pilot and EAA president Tom Poberezny, to expand the organization and create several new programs within it, including an aviation education program for youth and the EAA Museum, among other initiatives.

In addition to his longtime experience as a military aviator (earning all seven types of pilot wings offered by the armed services), Poberezny was also an instructor, air show, air race and test pilot who frequently test flew his own homebuilt designs as well as various aircraft built by the EAA, such as the EAA Biplane. He flew for more than 70 years of his life in over 500 different types of aircraft, and was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1999. He also received the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy in 2002 and was ranked fourth on Flying's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, the highest-ranked living person on the list at the time of its release. Poberezny died of cancer in 2013, at the age of 91.

Early life
Paul Poberezny was the oldest of three children born to Peter Poberezny, a Ukrainian migrant born and raised in Terebovlia,   and Jettie Dowdy, who hailed from the southern United States. Born in Leavenworth County, Kansas, Paul grew up poor in a tar paper shack in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and never experienced indoor plumbing until he went to school. He became interested in aviation at an early age and built model airplanes as his first educational experience into aircraft design. He then learned how to fly and repair aircraft in high school, starting with a WACO Primary Glider and Porterfield 35 monoplane, and followed by an American Eagle biplane after high school. Having never attended college, Poberezny once described learning to fly and maintain the Eagle as the closest thing he ever had to a college education experience.

Experimental Aircraft Association
Poberezny founded the Experimental Aircraft Association out of his Hales Corners, Wisconsin home in 1953. It started as predominately an aircraft homebuilding organization in his basement, but later went on to capture all aspects of general aviation internationally. Poberezny retired as EAA President in 1989, remaining as chairman of the organization until 2009. As of 2017, the organization had approximately 200,000 members in more than 100 countries.

In 1953, the EAA released a two-page newsletter named The Experimenter (later renamed Sport Aviation). The newsletter was first published and written by Paul and his wife Audrey Poberezny along with other volunteers. The now-monthly magazine focuses on experimental homebuilding and other general aviation topics, including antique, war, and classic aircraft.

EAA's annual convention and fly-in (now known as EAA AirVenture Oshkosh) in Oshkosh, Wisconsin attracts a total attendance in excess of 600,000 people, 10,000 aircraft, and 1,000 different forums & workshops annually, making it the largest of its kind in the world. It was first held in 1953 at what is now Timmerman Field in Milwaukee, and attracted only a handful of airplanes. Towards the late '50s, the event outgrew Timmerman Field and was moved to the Rockford, Illinois Municipal Airport (now Chicago Rockford International Airport). There, attendance at the fly-in continued to grow until the Rockford airport was too small to accommodate the crowds, and so it was moved to Oshkosh's Wittman Regional Airport in 1970.

Paul's son, aerobatic world champion Tom Poberezny, was the chairman of the annual EAA AirVenture Convention from 1977 to August 2011, and was president of EAA from 1989 to September 2010. In March 2009, Paul stepped down as Chairman of EAA and his son took on these duties as well. Tom had a large impact on the expansive growth of the organization and convention over the more than two decades that he led them with his father.

The EAA spawned the creation of numerous aviation programs and activities within the organization, including a technical counselor program, flight advisor program, youth introduction-to-aviation program (the Young Eagles), National Cadet Special Activity program as part of the Civil Air Patrol (National Blue Beret), and more. In addition, AirVenture has nearly a $200 million annual economic impact on the surrounding region of Wisconsin and inspired the formation of other similar events such as Tannkosh in Germany and Sun 'n Fun in Florida, as well as similar organizations such as the Aircraft Kit Industry Association founded by pioneer homebuilder Richard VanGrunsven.

Military career
Poberezny served for 30 years in the Wisconsin Air National Guard and United States Air Force, including active duty during World War II and the Korean War. He retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and attained all seven aviation wings offered by the military: glider pilot, service pilot, rated pilot, liaison pilot, senior pilot, Army aviator, and command pilot.

Aircraft experience
Poberezny flew over 500 aircraft types, including over 170 home-built planes throughout his life. He was introduced to aviation in 1936 at the age of 16 with the gift of a donated damaged WACO Primary Glider that he rebuilt and taught himself to fly. A high school teacher owned the glider and offered to pay Poberezny to repair it. He hauled it to his father's garage, borrowed books on building/repairing airplanes, and completed the restoration soon after. A friend used his car to tow the glider into the air with Poberezny at the controls; it rose to around a hundred feet when he released the tow rope and coasted to a gentle landing in a bed of alfalfa. A year later, Poberezny soloed at age 17 in a 1935 Porterfield and soon co-owned an American Eagle biplane.

After returning home from World War II, Poberezny could not afford to buy his own aircraft, so he decided to build one himself. In 1955, he wrote a series of articles for the publication Mechanix Illustrated, where he described how an individual could buy a set of plans and build an airplane at home. In the magazine were also photos of himself fabricating the Baby Ace, an amateur-built aircraft (and the first to be marketed as a "homebuilt") that he bought the rights to for US$200 a few years prior. The articles became extremely popular and gave the concept of homebuilding worldwide acclaim.

He designed, modified, and built several home-built aircraft, and had more than 30,000 hours of flight time in his career. Aircraft that he designed and built include:
 * Acro Sport I & II
 * "Little Audrey"
 * Poberezny P-5 Pober Sport
 * Pober Jr Ace
 * Pober Pixie
 * Pober Super Ace

Poberezny made the first test flight of the EAA Biplane example Parkside Eagle in 1971, which was constructed by students of Parkside High School in Michigan.

His 1944 North American F-51D Mustang, dubbed Paul I, which he flew at air shows and air races from 1977–2003, is on display at the EAA Aviation Museum in Oshkosh.

Personal life and death
In 1996, Poberezny teamed with his daughter Bonnie, her husband Chuck Parnall, and Bill Blake to write Poberezny: The Story Begins, a recounting of the early years of Paul and Audrey, including the founding of EAA. Paul Poberezny died of cancer on August 22, 2013, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, at age 91. His estate in Oshkosh is preserved by Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co. and was opened to public tours beginning in the summer of 2017. Audrey Poberezny died on November 1, 2020, at age 95, and Tom Poberezny died on July 25, 2022, at age 75, severing the last direct link between EAA and the Poberezny family that founded it.

Awards and legacy
In 1971 Poberezny was the first recipient of the Duane and Judy Cole Award, presented to individuals that promote sport aviation. In 1978 he was named an honorary fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. In 1986 he was inducted into the Wisconsin Aviation Hall of Fame and in 1987, the National Aeronautic Association (NAA) awarded him the Elder Statesman of Aviation. In 1997 he was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame and in 1999, the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio. He received the NBAA's 2001 Award for Meritorious Service to Aviation and the 2002 Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy. In 2008 the Wisconsin Historical Society named him as a "Wisconsin History Maker", recognizing his unique contributions to the state's history. Flying Magazine ranked Poberezny at number 4 on their 2013 list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, putting him ahead of figures like Bob Hoover, Amelia Earhart, Jimmy Doolittle, and even Chuck Yeager. At the time of its release, just one month before his death, Poberezny was the highest-ranked living person on the list.

Many prominent aviation figures have praised Poberezny's legacy as being crucial to the maturation of the general aviation industry. Radio newscaster and pilot Paul Harvey said that Poberezny "militantly manned the ramparts against those who would fence off the sky", and airshow pilot Julie Clark noted Poberezny as inspiring her and "countless thousands of others to get involved in the promotion of aviation." The two brothers behind the founding of Cirrus Aircraft have also credited Poberezny and the EAA as essential to their success:

"The EAA has [been] the driving force for preserving and fostering the enthusiasm of aviation. Without the enthusiasm and passion for this industry, we would not have seen the great development of GA through the 60s and 70s and, I believe, GA may not have even survived the late 80s and 90s. Paul created an organization that allowed, fostered and promoted creativity and perseverance for aviation. EAA allowed [Alan and me] to dream of something different, and then showed us a path forward for that dream."

title: Paul Poberezny


text:
Arts Commons

Arts Commons (Formerly EPCOR Centre for the Performing Arts ) is a multi-venue arts centre in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada, located in the Olympic Plaza Cultural District.

Occupying a full city block, Arts Commons is a multi-level complex measuring over 560000 sqft. It is one of the three largest arts centres in Canada and is home to six resident companies, including Alberta Theatre Projects, Arts Commons Presents, Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, Downstage, One Yellow Rabbit, and Theatre Calgary. Approximately 200 community groups make use of Arts Commons facilities every year. In addition to a variety of performance and gathering spaces, Arts Commons also houses rehearsal halls, theatre workshops, offices, meeting rooms, a café, and visual and media arts galleries.

History
The oldest part of the city block that houses Arts Commons is the Burns Building, named after noted Calgarian Pat Burns. Construction began in April 1912 and was completed at a cost of $350,000. In the late 1970s, the demolition of the Burns Building became a possibility, because it was on land needed for the construction of the Calgary Centre for the Performing Arts. Demolition proposals were defeated by the Calgary City Council by one vote, and, along with the Calgary Public Building (built in 1930/31 at a cost of almost $2 million), the building was incorporated into the plan for the Arts Centre. In 1979, the Public Building was bought by the City of Calgary for $3.8 million and its upper floors are still occupied by City of Calgary offices.

The newly created Centre was officially opened on September 14, 1985 by the then Premier of Alberta Peter Lougheed. After a donation by EPCOR, an Edmonton, Alberta-based utilities company, the name was changed to the EPCOR CENTRE for the Performing Arts on May 1, 2001.

On December 17, 2014, at the Annual General Meeting, it was publicly announced that the performing arts centre would be rebranded as Arts Commons, the name which represents "the Arts" and which expands the organization's offerings beyond the performing arts to a wider variety of arts and genres. "Commons" is derived from the old town square concept where ideas are shared, people from all walks of life gather, and different perspectives are welcomed.

Amenities offered
Almost 400,000 people attend 1800-plus performances and events each year at the Arts Commons, including productions and presentations by the six resident companies, including Alberta Theatre Projects, Arts Commons Presents, Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, Downstage, One Yellow Rabbit, and Theatre Calgary. Such events include live theatre, dance, spoken word and readings, children's events, experimental theatre, art exhibits, public forums, weddings, training sessions, meetings, arts education activities, sporting events and competition, award ceremonies and live music concerts ranging from symphonic to jazz, to folk, blues, world, and rock.

Performance and other facilities

 * Jack Singer Concert Hall, with 1,800 seats, “the Jack” is the largest venue in the building. Suspended above the stage is a 185,000-pound laminated spruce-wood acoustical canopy, which can be raised or lowered to tune the hall according to the specific needs of each performer. Named for Jack Singer, the Concert Hall is the permanent home of the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, which employs 65 full-time musicians, and the 6,040-pipe Carthy Organ.
 * Max Bell Theatre is a 750-seat theatre and is home to Theatre Calgary.
 * Martha Cohen Theatre is a 418-seat theatre and is home to Alberta Theatre Projects (ATP).
 * Big Secret Theatre is a 190-seat theatre and is home to One Yellow Rabbit.
 * Engineered Air Theatre is used for concerts, films, plays, weddings, receptions, and galas. Can seat up to 185 theatre-style.
 * Motel Theatre is a 50-seat black box, multi-purpose venue used for plays, experimental theatre and performance art and is home to Downstage.

Activities and performances
Arts Commons Presents is the presenting arm of Arts Commons. Series presented include the BD&P World Stage, Classic Albums Live, National Geographic Live, PCL Blues, and TD Jazz. Arts Commons also offers Arts Education programs (One Day Arts School, The ConocoPhillips Hub for Inspired Learning and Artist-in-Residence). Arts Commons also houses five additional resident companies, including: Alberta Theatre Projects, Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, Downstage, One Yellow Rabbit, and Theatre Calgary, all of which program their own individual seasons within the spaces of Arts Commons. Collaboration between companies is common and the 6 companies together form the Arts Commons ecosystem.

Arts Commons also provides free events for the community, including Arts Commons Cabarets, National Indigenous Peoples Day celebrations.

Jordan Peterson Controversy
After the announcement of the University of Toronto professor Jordan Peterson giving a lecture at Arts Commons was announced, several Calgarian art groups addressed an open letter to the Arts Commons' Board of Directors on July 24, 2018. The letter demanded that the event be canceled, that they provide diversity training for their staff, and issue a public apology to the "LGBT community". It expressed the "deep shock and disappointment" that the artists and organizations signing the letter felt over Arts Commons' choice to host the speaker, who in the past has been criticized for his online and public arguments against government mandated speech laws and his opposition to Bill C-16. The letter was signed by staff of several small artist run centres, including Untitled Art Society, TRUCK Contemporary Art in Calgary, Stride Gallery, The New Gallery, other organizations such as the M:ST Performance Artist Festival Society and VOICESYYC, and over 1200 individual signatures. A responding statement written by the CEO of Arts Commons at the time, Johann Zietsman, expressed Arts Commons' support for free speech which meant, "not censoring someone because we don't agree with what they have to say." The event was not canceled and was held on July 27, 2018.

Censorship Controversy
In early September 2018, The New Gallery released a statement describing the circumstances of what it said was censorship of trans artist, Beck Gilmer-Osborne, exhibiting in a vitrine space within the Arts Commons building and Calgary +15 Network. The New Gallery's said Arts Commons had turned off the 3-channel video work being exhibited in the space because, Arts Commons said, it contained swearing and nudity that had garnered complaints from patrons. On August 29, 2018 Arts Commons sent The New Gallery a letter saying the video work would have to be edited to remove the nudity and coarse language or the artwork would be taken down. In response, on September 8, 2018, The New Gallery provided an open-letter written by the exhibiting artist, B.G-Osborne, in which Osborne stated that "rather than re-edit and censor my work to comfort certain viewers who are offended by the very banal acts of swearing and non-sexual nudity, I have decided to remove the piece from the space entirely." Osborne said it was ironic that an artwork that uses the imagery of cisgender actors playing trans characters to criticize the offensive portrayal of trans people was being criticized as offensive. Arts Commons owns the walkway and vitrine spaces but each is individually curated by a different gallery or art organization. Arts Commons programming director Jennifer Johnson said in an emailed statement to CBC that "while Arts Commons believes the piece, A Thousand Cuts, has merit, the language and images contained in the video and audio component are not a fit with our commitment to creating a public space for all."

In 2006, Arts Commons (at the time the "EPCOR CENTRE for the Performing Arts") also received criticism for censoring a transgender artist who was exhibiting in the same +15 walk way space with another of Calgary's artist run centre galleries, TRUCK Contemporary Art in Calgary. A temporary wall was installed throughout the length of the walk way that blocked the entire view of the vitrine space save for a smaller entrance that could be accessed on the opposite side of the walk way. This wall was installed without speaking to the artist, Edie Fake, or staff from TRUCK. The artwork was titled, 'Gaylord Phoenix in the Flower Temple' and depicted a cartoon of a gender-fluid man, touching his genitals (drawn as a noodle with paisley patterns).

title: Arts Commons


text:
Dinner at Eight

Dinner at Eight may refer to:

The play and its adaptations

 * Dinner at Eight (play), a 1932 Broadway play written by George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber
 * Dinner at Eight (1933 film), a 1933 adaptation
 * Dinner at Eight (1989 film), a made-for-television adaptation starring Lauren Bacall
 * Dinner at Eight (opera) by William Bolcom

Television

 * Come Home Love: Dinner at 8, a 2016 Hong Kong sitcom
 * "Dinner at Eight" (Frasier), an episode of the American sitcom Frasier
 * "Dinner at Eight" (Falcon Crest), an episode of the American soap opera Falcon Crest
 * "Dinner at Eight", an episode of the Canadian sitcom The Newsroom

Other

 * "Dinner at Eight" (song), a song by Rufus Wainwright from his album Want One
 * Dinner at Eight (album), a 1986 album by American keyboardist and composer Wayne Horvitz
 * The Lady Is a Tramp song from Babes in Arms by Rodgers and Hart

title: Dinner at Eight


text:
Talk:D.N.Angel

Split
The character section is really too long and should be split into its own article under List of D.N.Angel characters per WP:MOS-AM --Kraftlos (talk) 06:57, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The character section is pretty much most of the article!  However, when the character section is moved, this article is gonna be pretty short... Anything out there that can be put in? -- Highwind888, the Fuko Master (talk) 08:31, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

 * A short summary on the characters should be fine. If you still find the page... lacking in information, why not see other what other pages for manga discuss, like X/1999?

 * I think that all the pages on the characters should probably be merged into the compliation page as well. If people think that the main character has enough significance to stand on their own, someone should probably filter out the less... significant details and chapter-by-chapter summary entries that seem to pile up in a lot of ongoing series.  209.53.181.57 (talk) 00:17, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Agree, as well as with the IP's suggestion that the list also include a merger of all the various character articles. Its doubtful most, if any, could meet notability requirements for standing alone. -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 20:30, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The character section has now been split into its own article. At this point, the content is essentially a copy and paste from what was on the page with some dividers to sort the characters out. Please merge and redirect the other character articles as necessary.  The new character page could use some improvement as well. A22 (talk) 22:35, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Other Work
I've added in a media section to get things going, but it needs referencing and expanding. A chapter list is needed, which I can work on later if no one beats me to it, and more info is definiately needed about the video game, secondary manga series, and the drama CDs. Of course, a reception section is also good. :) I'll check the manga volumes to see if there is any production style info, and I'm almost positive there is some on the DVDs if someone wants to work on that? -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 20:54, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I think there is also a novel (it was commented in the advertisement in a volume). About conception, I think I saw a bit in one of the volumes info about the main character Daisuke but I cant add it since those volumes belong to a friend and she always forget things (If reads this, Im dead...)Tintor2 (talk) 01:46, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * LOL. I have all of the available volumes, but they are currently still packed up so would need to find their box. BTW, if the recent listings are correct, volume 12 is actually going to be released in the next few months instead of another year long wait :D -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 03:26, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I think we should get more information on the drama CDs and video game. In addition, what are the main genres for D.N.Angel? I haven't watched enough of the anime to know, though I heard that it differs from the manga. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 22:07, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * It does ver off on to a different story line midway through, but it stays in a similar genre (at least, as far as the manga releases that are out, as the anime stops around vol 9 or 10). Hmm...for specifics, good question. Magical boy isn't a recognized drama. Its definitely in the romance genre, and its heavy on drama (life-death stuggles, etc) apart from the romance. I would not really call it a comedy, though it has several comedic moments. Kaito is, of course, fitting. :) -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 22:47, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Kaitō, according to the Wikipedia article, doesn't appear to be genre. I remember the anime seemed to have alot of Romance (which bored me out of my mind! ;).

 * How's this proposal:

Comedy-drama, Fantasy, Romance

Fantasy should cover the whole concept of "magic". Thoughts? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 23:34, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * That sounds about right, except the comedy...I mean, it has some very funny moments, but mostly its dramatic, and growing seriously darker (no pun intended). Kind of like Fruits Basket in that sense. -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 23:42, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The page Drama doesn't signify that it is a genre (unless there's something I'm missing). And I thought we were only supposed to use it if the series emphasized on realism, like GTO, Suzuka, Monster, and Genshiken. Wasn't there a big discussion concerning this at WT:MOS-AM? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 23:59, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I know. It shouldn't be drama alone, I'm just not sure what other kinda of drama to do unless its romantic drama, which I suspect is the same as romance. :P -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 00:31, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, we can replace Comedy-drama with the redirect Romantic drama, in the hopes that it'll one day be an article. The box'll look like this:

Fantasy, Romantic drama

Will that work? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 02:28, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Works for me. -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 03:07, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Why are the names in the infobox different from the page title? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 21:47, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Doh, hadn't even noticed. I think they should be fixed now. -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 22:47, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, was just wondering if it was intentional. Thanks for clearing that up. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 22:50, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Similar story
Kamikaze Kaito Jeanne is a similar story about a female thief. Is there any evidence that one of these stories inspired the other? Should we mention it in the article? JRSpriggs (talk) 12:48, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Now without a reliable source. —Farix (t | c) 14:34, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:D.N.Angel