text:
Middlewich

Middlewich is a town in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is located 19.2 mi east of Chester, 2.9 mi east of Winsford, 5.3 mi south-east of Northwich and 4.7 mi north-west of Sandbach. The population at the 2011 Census was 13,595. Middlewich, together with Northwich and Winsford, forms part of the Central Cheshire conurbation, with an estimated 2023 population of 130,000.

Middlewich lies at the confluence of three rivers: the Dane, Croco and Wheelock. Three canals also pass through the town: the Shropshire Union, Trent & Mersey and the Wardle Canal. The town has three major roads: the A533, A54 and A530; there are also good motorway links to the nearby cities of Manchester and Liverpool. The town's population has doubled since 1970, despite a reduction in the number of manufacturing jobs in salt and textile manufacturing; this suggests that many of the new residents live in Middlewich for reasons other than local employment.

Since 1990, there have been initiatives to increase the volume of tourism into the town, through events such as the annual folk and boat festival, the Roman and Norman festivals, and regular farmers' markets.

In 2014, it was rated one of the most attractive postcode areas to live in England.

History
In the Domesday Book Middlewich is spelt "Mildestvich"; the termination wic or wyc in Old English refers to a settlement, village or dwelling. It is also supposed that "wich" or "wych" refers to a salt town, with Middlewich being the middle town between Northwich and Nantwich.

Middlewich was founded by the Romans, who gave it the name Salinae because of its surrounding salt deposits. It became one of the major Roman sites for salt production, an activity that was centred on the township of Kinderton, about a quarter of a mile north of the present-day parish church of St. Michael and All Angels. It has been suggested that pre-Roman salt production also occurred in the same area, but there is no supporting archaeological evidence. Whittaker's History of Manchester claims that the Iron Age Cornovii made Kinderton their capital, but it is more likely that the Cornovii inhabited Kinderton for its salt-making potential. There was once thought to have been a medieval castle at Kinderton, but that is now thought to have been unlikely.

Middlewich lies across the King Street fault, which roughly follows the Roman road, King Street, from Northwich to Middlewich. During their occupation the Romans built a fort at Harbutts Field, and excavations to the south of the fort have found further evidence of Roman activity  including a well and part of a preserved Roman road. An excavation in 2004, in Buckley's Field, also uncovered signs of Roman occupation.

Salt manufacture has remained the principal industry for the past 2,000 years, and it has shaped the town's history and geography. Before the Norman invasion of England in 1066, there is thought to have been one brine pit in Middlewich, between the River Croco and the current Lewin Street. In the Domesday Book the area is described as being "wasted", having been cleared by King William around 1070 as an "act of rage against his rebellious barons". Gilbert de Venables became the first Baron of Kinderton shortly after the Norman Conquest, the title being conferred by Hugh Lupus. A manor house was built to the east of the town and became the baronial seat of the Venables family. A Jacobean screen in the church of St Michael and All Angels has the carved Venables coat of arms. The title "Baron of Kinderton" is now vested in the Lord Vernon.

On 13 March 1643 the town was the scene of the first Battle of Middlewich, between the Parliamentarians, under Sir William Brereton, and the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, under Sir Thomas Aston. The second Battle of Middlewich took place on 26 December 1643, and claimed the lives of about 200 Parliamentarians, along with a number of Royalists under the command of Lord Byron.

The population of Middlewich rose during the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of this rise is attributable to a number of parishes being combined, for example parts of Newton were added to Middlewich in 1894, with Sutton having previously been added to Newton in 1892. Some will also be due to a general increase in population of the United Kingdom, and some of the increase would have been required to provide a labour force for the increased number, and scale, of salt and chemical works in the town. In the middle of the 19th century Middlewich was described as a town with principal works being the surrounding farming district, a silk factory, and the salt works in Kinderton and Newton. In 1887 the town was described as having an antique appearance, with its principal trade being salt, along with fruit and vegetables, and small silk and heavy cotton works. The town had one bank and one newspaper. By 1911 the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition mentions the existence of chemical works and the manufacture of condensed milk.

In common with the rest of the United Kingdom, Middlewich's young male population was decimated during the First World War. The cenotaph, near to the parish church, lists the names of the 136 men who died in that conflict, representing around 10% of the male population of the town aged between 15 and 45. Forty-two of Middlewich's inhabitants lost their lives in the Second World War, with a further fatality in the Korean War. The Brunner Mond salt works in Brooks Lane also erected a cenotaph in memory of the 16 men from the works killed in the First World War, and the two who died during the Second World War.

In the period between the end of the First World War until shortly after the Second World War, there was extensive housebuilding in the town; a significant number of houses were built in the King Street area to the north, the area bounded between Nantwich Road and St. Anne's Road to the west, and especially in Cledford to the south. The 1970s commenced with the building of a new road, St. Michael's Way, which allowed traffic moving from east to west through the town to bypass the main shopping street, Wheelock Street. Along with the bypass there was significant remodelling of the town centre, with the old town hall and library being demolished. This bypass successfully eased the flow of traffic away from the main shopping street, but the joining of three major roads remains a bottleneck, which will be eased by a proposed eastern bypass.

Since the early 1980s Middlewich has seen a significant quantity of new housing development, initially in the Sutton Lane and Hayhurst Avenue areas. New developments have recently been built on the sites of old salt workings to the south of the Roman Fort at Harbutt's Field, near the Norman Baron's moated manor house at Kinderton Manor, and on the site of the old railway station. One of the latest developments is on the old silk works next to the Big Lock public house. In common with other local towns such as Holmes Chapel, Northwich and Winsford, people are attracted to Middlewich because of its good road links via the M6 motorway and the relatively low price and availability of suitable building land.

Governance
Middlewich has lain within the county boundaries of Cheshire since a very early time. At the time of the Domesday survey (1086) Middlewich was in the hundred of Middlewich, but by the 14th century it had become part of the Northwich hundred, although a small part of the then large parish of Middlewich extended into the hundred of Eddisbury. Following the Local Government Act 1894, Middlewich became an urban district. In 1974, as part of the Local Government Act 1972, Middlewich Urban District was abolished and its territory passed into the borough of Congleton. Since 1 April 2009 the town has been served by Cheshire East Council. The town also has a town council, which is responsible for presiding over local issues in Middlewich and is based at Middlewich Town Hall.

Middlewich is in the parliamentary constituency of Mid Cheshire. The current MP is Andrew Cooper for the Labour Party, elected in the 2024 General Election.

Geography
Middlewich is located at 53.19194°N, -2.44306°W (53.192, −2.443), on the confluence of three rivers, the Dane, the Croco and the Wheelock. The town is approximately 2.5 mi from junction 18 of the M6 motorway. The main westward traffic route between the motorway and Winsford, and also southbound traffic to Crewe, go through the town. There are three canals in Middlewich, the Middlewich Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal, the Trent and Mersey Canal, and the Wardle Canal, the United Kingdom's shortest canal at 100 ft long.

The town sits less than 98 ft above sea level, on Upper Triassic Mercia mudstone laid down with large salt deposits as part of the Cheshire plain, a boulder clay plain separating the hills of North Wales and the Peak District of Derbyshire, formed following the retreat of ice age glaciers.

The climate is generally temperate with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean average temperature is slightly above average for the United Kingdom as is the average amount of sunshine. The average annual rainfall is slightly below the average for the UK. There are few days when snow is lying on the ground, although there are some days of air frost.

Demography
At the 2001 UK census, the Middlewich wards of Cledford and Kinderton had a total population of 13,101. Middlewich's population is relatively young; the proportion of children (aged 0–15) is 3% higher than the national average. Households are larger than average, consistent with a younger population, with an average of 2.51 people per household, compared to the national average of 2.36. Approximately 25% are single person households, compared to 30% nationally; the majority (almost 85%) of Middlewich's housing stock is owner-occupied.

Three-quarters of the 9,500 people between the ages of 16 and 74 are classed as "economically active", that is, either in full or part-time employment, or full-time students. Unemployment runs at around 2.2%, compared to 3.4% nationally. Eighty-seven percent of households own at least one car, primarily used for travel to and from work; nearly 77% of residents travel to work by car, 10% work from home, and the remainder use public transport, walk, or cycle.

At the 2001 census, 16.3% of the population of Middlewich either did not answer the question about religion, or stated that they had no religion. The breakdown for Congleton showed that 99.3% of those that replied, and did not state that they had no religion, were Christian; the figures for Middlewich will be broadly similar.

Economy
Middlewich has a traditional high street, with small shops on Wheelock Street and Lewin Street. There are also five supermarkets, Tesco, Lidl, Tesco Express and Morrisons. Historically the major employers have been the salt industry and agriculture. Salt is still manufactured at British Salt, which employs around 125 people. The close proximity to the M6 motorway has led to the creation of a large distribution and business park, with companies such as Tesco and ERF locating to the site. Approximately 300 people are employed at the Ideal Standard factory, which since 1937 has been making vitreous china sanitaryware.

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in Cheshire, and Congleton East Council has recognised the importance of Middlewich's canals in its attempts to promote tourism in the borough. Visitors to the 2003 Middlewich Folk and Boat Festival were estimated to have spent £2.3 million in the town over the two days of the festival.

Power for the town is provided from the National Grid for electricity, and National Grid Gas plc for natural gas. Fresh water supply and foul water collection is by United Utilities.

Culture and community
A highly regarded folk and boat festival has been run in the town every year since 1990, except for 2001 when it was cancelled because of a foot and mouth epidemic. It was also cancelled in 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic. During the three-day festival (which takes place over a long weekend) folk artists play at a number of locations in the town, and it is estimated to bring in an extra 30,000 visitors to the town during the festival period, along with 400 narrowboats.

In addition to this annual event there have been a number of ad-hoc events, including the Middlewich Roman Festival in 2001. This Roman Festival led to a Heritage lottery fund grant which allowed the construction of a Roman theatre at the Bull Ring near to St Michaels and All Angels church. Since its construction this has regularly been used for other purposes, such as an open-air music stage and an ice-rink. Following the Roman festival in 2001, further Roman festivals were held in 2003 and 2007. Tim Strickland, a consultant archaeologist, was awarded a MBE for services to archaeology for his work in organising the Roman Middlewich Project. In 2005 a Norman Festival was put on in the town, and there are plans for an Industrial Festival. A series of arts and music events "@ the Bull Ring" was started in 2006.

The local newspapers are the Middlewich Guardian and Middlewich Chronicle. A radio station, Cheshire FM, was launched in 2007, covering the mid-Cheshire area including Middlewich – this closed in 2012. In 2013 a new local radio station was launched, Mid-Cheshire Radio covering Middlewich and the nearby towns of Northwich and Winsford. The library, in Lewin Street, was built in the 1970s to replace the old library which was demolished to build St Michael's Way. It has examples of finds from Middlewich's Roman past on display. Fountain Fields on Queen Street is a traditional town park, with a number of facilities including a bowling green. It has been owned by the council since 1926.

Middlewich has had a football club since at least 1902. The current club, Middlewich Town, was formed in 1998, and plays in the Mid-Cheshire League. Middlewich also has a cricket club on Croxton Lane. There is a leisure centre which shares facilities with the high school. Middlewich is one of two large towns in the former borough of Congleton without a public swimming pool, in spite of the various initiatives that have been started to provide one.

Middlewich's hospital is Leighton Hospital near Crewe, part of the Mid Cheshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust. Primary care services are provided by the Central and Eastern Cheshire Primary Care Trust. GP services are provided by two medical practices. There are two dental practices.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Stoke, Signal 1, Greatest Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshire and Silk Radio. The town's local newspapers are the Middlewich Guardian and Chester Chronicle.

Landmarks and religious sites
The principal landmark in Middlewich is the Anglican parish church of St Michael and All Angels, parts of which date back to the 12th century, although the majority was built during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. There was a general remodelling of the church during the 19th century, which included removing the whitewash from its interior to reveal the sandstone appearance seen today. The church was the site of fierce fighting in the first and second Battles of Middlewich during the English Civil War.

Other landmarks include: the Roman Theatre built on the Bull Ring on the site of the old town hall and library; and the town bridge, opened in 1931 as a replacement for an earlier bridge. Middlewich has a town cemetery with a twin chapel dating from 1859 by Bellamy & Hardy; it contains the Commonwealth war graves of 21 British service personnel, 17 from World War I and 4 from World War II. The Victoria technical school and library, which was opened in 1897, is a red brick and red terracotta building, "with a cupola but otherwise vaguely in the Loire style". Since 1900, the building on Lewin Street has been used as offices by the Town Council. One mile north of the town centre along King Street lies Ravenscroft Hall, which dates from 1837.

There are places of worship for five Christian denominations within the town: Church of England, Methodist, United Reformed Church, Catholic and Pentecostal. There are no places of worship for non-Christian faiths.

Middlewich Methodist Church was built in 2000 in Booth Lane, replacing the earlier chapel in Lewin Street. Middlewich United Reformed Church ([//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Middlewich_-_URC.jpg Image]) was founded in 1797, with the current church (the second on this site) in Queen Street being built in 1870, and completed in 1871. The church celebrated its bicentenary in 1997 with the publication of a history of the church, Two Hundred Years (not out).

Catholic masses were held in a cottage near the cemetery from 1848 until the building of the first Catholic church in the town in Wych House Lane in 1864. This church was enlarged to include the first Catholic school in the town in 1869. The church was later replaced by the modern St Mary's Catholic Church on New King Street ([//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Middlewich_-_St_Marys.jpg Image]) in 1890, with the stone cross from the church on Wych House Lane being kept within the porch of the new church.

Middlewich Community Church ([//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Middlewich_-_Middlewich_Community_Church.jpg Image]) is a relatively new Pentecostal church located in the former social club for the Brunner Mond works in Brooks Lane.

Transport

Middlewich lies on the A533 road linking it to Northwich and Runcorn in the north, and Sandbach to the south, the A54 linking it to Chester and Winsford to the west and Holmes Chapel and Buxton to the east, and A530 linking it to Crewe and Nantwich to the south.

Middlewich lies on a railway branch line between Sandbach and Northwich, but Middlewich railway station—opened in 1868 and closed to passenger traffic in 1959—has been demolished. The branch line is still used by freight trains. The closest railway station is at Winsford, 2.3 mi away. Efforts to get the line reopened to passenger traffic and have a new station built have been on going for nearly 30 years. In 2018, a request from the government to create an outline business case was announced. The request is being handled by Cheshire East Council in conjunction with Cheshire West and Chester Council and the Cheshire and Warrington Local Enterprise Partnership and will consider the cost and benefits of reopening the line and building new stations at Middlewich and Gadbrook Park.

Following a petition in 1766, the Trent and Mersey Canal was diverted from its original course to provide transport to the town, and now links with a branch of the Shropshire Union Canal. The link between the two canals, which was opened in 1833, is actually a third canal known as the Wardle Canal; at about 100 ft in length, it is the shortest canal in the United Kingdom.

Middlewich is 19 mi from Manchester Airport, the busiest airport in the UK outside London, and 26 mi from Liverpool John Lennon Airport.

Buses
Middlewich has three bus routes, Monday to Saturday only, operated by Arriva North West and D&G.

Education
There were three schools in Middlewich in the mid-19th century: the British School in Newton Bank; the National School in Cow Lane (Brooks Lane); and the Grammar School, close to the site of the largest Tesco store. A Church of England school was erected in Lewin Street in 1854 and extended in 1871. It soon became known as the National School, with the result that the earlier school was demolished. The later National School was itself demolished in the 1980s and is the site of the Salinae Day Care Centre, opened in 1995. At the turn of the 20th century two new schools were built: St Mary's Catholic school, whose keystone was laid in 1899 by Col. France-Hayhurst, and the secondary school, opened by France-Hayhurst in 1906. At the start of the 21st century there were seven schools in Middlewich: one infant, one junior, four primary schools and one secondary school. Cledford Primary School tends to accept students from the South of the town. It has now amalgamated with Cledford Infant And Nursery School. It is also in federation with Gainsborugh Primary School. Middlewich Primary School caters for children from the older, northern, part of the town, whilst St Mary's Catholic Primary School receives Catholic children from the town. Work began on the original buildings for the secondary school, Middlewich High School, in 1906, with later additions improving the teaching areas and providing a sports hall which could also be used by the wider community. The school opened on 1 November 1906. In 2007 it was ranked 34 out of 50 by GCSE results for schools in Cheshire in the 2007 league tables. Byley Primary School and Wimboldsley Community Primary School serve children from outside the immediate bounds of the town.

Notable residents
Notable residents include the theologians John Hulse (1708–1790) who founded the Hulsean lectures at Cambridge University, and Theophilus Lindsey (1723 OS – 1808) who inspired the Feathers Tavern Petition against clerical subscription to the Thirty-Nine Articles, and so helped start one of the most profound debates within the Church of England in the 18th century. Elizabeth Ashbridge (1713–55), an 18th-century Quaker minister, was born in the town, as was William Benbow (1787–1864), a nonconformist preacher, pamphleteer and publisher. He was a prominent figure of the Reform Movement for widening the franchise.

The France-Hayhurst family were local landowners responsible for the development of the model village at Bostock, and Charles Frederick Lawrence (1873–1940) was a local antiquarian who documented much of the early history of Middlewich, and also discovered a Neolithic stone celt whilst digging in the town. John Wright Oakes (1820–1887) born at Sproston House, was a landscape painter who exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy. Craig McDean (born 1964) is a British fashion photographer who was born in the town and is now based in New York City.

James Hargreaves (1834–1915) was a chemist and inventor, who, along with Thomas Bird, developed a process for the electrolysis of brine using asbestos diaphragms. In 1899, he became director of the newly opened General Electrolytic Alkali Company at Middlewich.

Jack Wilkinson (1931–1996), also born in the town, was an English footballer for eight years who scored 81 goals in 158 league games.

title: Middlewich


text: Wikipedia:UK Wikipedians' notice board/to do

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Tinker Air Force Base

Tinker Air Force Base is a major United States Air Force base, with tenant U.S. Navy and other Department of Defense missions, located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, adjacent to Del City and Midwest City.

The base, originally known as the Midwest Air Depot, is named in honor of Oklahoma native Major General Clarence L. Tinker, the first Native American major general.

Tinker is the headquarters of the Air Force Materiel Command's (AFMC) Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center (OC-ALC), which is the worldwide manager for a wide range of aircraft, engines, missiles, software and avionics and accessories components. The commander of Air Force Sustainment Center (AFSC) is Lieutenant General Stacey T. Hawkins and the commander of the OC-ALC is Brigadier General Brian R. Moore. The host unit at Tinker is the 72nd Air Base Wing (72 ABW) which provides services and support for the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center and its tenant organizations. The Wing and Installation Commander of Tinker Air Force Base is Colonel Abigail L. W. Ruscetta.

History
Tinker Air Force Base is named in honor of Major General Clarence L. Tinker. An Osage from Pawhuska, Oklahoma, he received his wings in 1921. He was a graduate of Wentworth Military Academy who went on to become the first major general of Native American descent in U.S. Army history.

In 1926 he was awarded the Soldier's Medal for returning to his blazing aircraft to rescue a fellow officer. On 7 June 1942, he led a flight of B-24 Liberators on a long-range strike against Japanese forces on Wake Island during World War II. Tinker was killed when his aircraft presumably crashed into the sea. At the time of his death, Tinker was commander of the Hawaii-based Seventh Air Force.

The base was originally called Midwest Air Depot and was renamed to honor Tinker. The creation of the base in Oklahoma City was in large part due to lobbying efforts by Stanley Draper.

Several of the base's access gates are named in honor of persons with historic ties to the base or to Oklahoma. On 9 May 1997, base officials placed the following names:
 * Tinker Gate (former Gate 1), located on the north side, opens onto Air Depot Boulevard. It was named for Tinker
 * Eaker Gate (former Gate 2) opens onto F Avenue. It was named for General Ira C. Eaker, commander of the US Eighth Air Force in Europe during World War II
 * Turnbull Gate, at the intersection of Perimeter Road and A Avenue. It was named for Colonel William Turnbull, the first Tinker Air Logistics Center Commander (1942)
 * Hruskocy Gate (pronounced ruh-sko-see, former Gate 7), on Industrial Boulevard at the NE portion of base. It was named for Brigadier General Thomas C. Hruskocy, the OC-ALC chief of Maintenance Resource Management and Material Management Resource divisions at Tinker (1985–1988)
 * Hope Gate, on SE 59th Street. It was named for Colonel John W. Hope, the first commander of the Ground Electronics-Engineering Installation Agency (GEEIA)
 * Gott Gate (former Gate 34), on the south end of Air Depot Boulevard. It was named for 1st Lieutenant Donald J. Gott, posthumous Medal of Honor recipient in World War II.
 * Vance Gate (former Gate 40), on the west side of base off Sooner Road. It was named Lieutenant Colonel Leon R. Vance Jr, posthumous Medal of Honor recipient in World War II.

In May 1997 the Base named the gates along Douglas Boulevard after aircraft that had been maintained at Tinker:
 * Lancer Gate, named for the Rockwell B-1 Lancer
 * Liberator Gate, named for the Consolidated B-24 Liberator
 * Marauder Gate, named for the Martin B-26 Marauder

The base has more than 26,000 military and civilian employees and is the largest single-site employer in the state of Oklahoma. The installation covers approx. 9 sqmi and has 760 buildings with a building floor space of over 15200000 sqft. The base is bounded by I-40 on the north and I-240 on the south.

With the City of Oklahoma City and Oklahoma County owning several square miles of land adjacent to the base, Tinker is one of the few military bases in a major metropolitan area with sufficient room for expansion. Furthermore, Tinker is located in a community that supports expansion; Oklahoma County voters approved a 2008 measure to purchase the former General Motors Oklahoma City Assembly plant (located adjacent to the base) and lease it to Tinker for future expansion. Now known as Building 9001, the former GM plant houses many shops moved from the main maintenance building, 3001.

Operational history
In 1940 the War Department was considering the central United States as a location for a supply and maintenance depot. Oklahoma City leaders offered a 480 acre site and acquired an option for 960 acre additional land. On 8 April 1941, the order was officially signed awarding the depot to Oklahoma City. The Midwest Air Depot was formally activated later in 1941.

The depot was the site of a Douglas Aircraft factory producing approximately half of the C-47 Skytrains used in World War II. The site also produced a number of A-20 Havocs. Production ceased in 1945.

The first successful tornado forecast in history was issued on 25 March 1948 from Tinker, about three hours before a tornado hit the southeast corner of the base. A granite marker in the Heritage Airpark on the base commemorates the event.

On September 29, 1957 Buddy Holly and The Crickets recorded "An Empty Cup", "Rock Me My Baby", "You've Got Love", and "Maybe Baby" in the Tinker Air Force Base Officer's Club.

The base hosted the Space Shuttle Columbia and its carrier 747 on April 27, 1981, after its first mission (STS-1) during its journey back to Cape Canaveral. Oklahoma governor George Nigh, Oklahoma City mayor Patience Latting and Apollo 10 Commander Tom Stafford were there to greet the crew. The visiting personnel included Deke Slayton, who traveled beside the craft in a T-38 chase plane. An estimated 100,000 people were allowed to enter the base and take pictures. On 14 November 1984, a massive fire that burned for two days destroyed or damaged over 700000 sqft in the Air Logistics Center, Building 3001. The resulting repairs cost $63.5 million.

During much of the 1990s, Tinker was home to the Automated Weather Network switching facility, which consolidated all U.S. military weather data worldwide. Originally located at Carswell Air Force Base, this unit was later moved to an Air Force Weather Agency facility at Offutt Air Force Base.

In May 1992, Tinker became home to the Navy's "Take Charge and Move Out" (TACAMO) wing, which provides maintenance, security, operations, administration, training and logistic support for the Navy's E-6B Mercury aircraft fleet. TACAMO was the first Navy Air Wing fully integrated on an Air Force base, carrying out a Navy mission in joint operations.

On 3 May 1999, a deadly tornado caused extensive damage to the northwest corner of the base and surrounding communities. For many days afterwards, Tinker personnel helped by providing shelters, search and rescue, and clean-up efforts.

The Oklahoma Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul Technology Center (MROTC), a public-private partnership, was started in 2003. MROTC is managed by Battelle Oklahoma and owned by Oklahoma Industries Authority (OIA), a public trust housed in the offices of the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce. The first hangars were completed in 2007. Tinker celebrated the 30-year anniversary of the E-3 Sentry from 29 June to 1 July 2007. Past and present airmen were invited to swap stories and learn about the latest upgrades.

On 13 May 2008, Oklahoma County voters voted in favor of $71.5 million in general obligation bonds, the majority of which has been used to purchase the former General Motors Oklahoma City Assembly plant which is located on the southwest section of the base, next to the runway. A 50-year lease-purchase agreement was executed in September 2008 between Oklahoma County and the Air Force, covering the 3.8 million square foot (353,000 m2) facility and surrounding acreage. Oklahoma County officials paid $55 million to buy the plant from General Motors, which is now called the Tinker Aerospace Complex.

From 2008 to 2015, the Oklahoma Air National Guard's 137th Air Refueling Wing also assumed an aerial refueling mission in accordance with the 2005 BRAC Recommendations. The then-137th Airlift Wing (ANG) relocated from Will Rogers Air National Guard Base to Tinker AFB, was redesignated as an air refueling wing, and associated with the 507 ARW while its C-130H aircraft were redistributed to other ANG airlift wings. In 2015, the 137th ended its associate relationship with the 507th, was redesignated as the 137th Special Operations Wing (137 SOW), and returned to Will Rogers ANGB, where it operates the MC-12 Liberty aircraft, operationally gained by Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC).

In 2015, it was announced that the Tinker was in the running for a squadron of the new KC-46A Pegasus. In October, it was announced that the base would not be receiving the plane, which instead was given to the 916th Air Refueling Wing at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. Tinker was also in competition with Westover Air Reserve Base and Grissom Air Reserve Base for the plane.

25 March 1948 Tornadoes

Two large tornadoes struck Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, damaging or destroying a large number of aircraft including at least two Douglas C-54 Skymasters, a Douglas C-47 Skytrain, and many Boeing B-29 Superfortresses stored from World War II. In the first storm, "54 aircraft were destroyed, including 17 C-54 transports valued at $500,000 apiece. Also destroyed were 15 P-47 fighters and two B-29 bombers. About 50 other planes were damaged and about 100 vehicles were damaged or destroyed." In the second tornado, "84 planes were hit, 35 of which were destroyed. These included 18 B-29s, 8 P-47s, 20 B-17s, and 3 C-47s. Hangars and other buildings were destroyed." Other types destroyed included Beechcraft AT-11s and Fairchild PT-19s and PT-26 Cornells. Damage from the second tornado was estimated at $6,100,000. Total damages for both storms was estimated at $16,350,000.

Major commands

 * Air Service Comd, 1 March 1942 – 17 July 1944
 * AAF Materiel and Services, 17 July 1944 – 31 August 1944
 * AAF Technical Service Comd, 31 August 1944 – 1 July 1945
 * Air Technical Service Comd, 1 July 1945 – 9 March 1946
 * Air Materiel Comd, 9 March 1946 – 1 April 1961
 * Air Force Logistics Command, 1 April 1961 – 1 July 1992
 * Air Force Materiel Command, 1 July 1992 – present

Base operating units

 * OCAD (Oklahoma City Air Depot) Liaison Staff, 1 March 1942 – 15 February 1943
 * 497th Base HQ and Base HQ Sq, 15 February 1943 – 1 April 1944
 * 4136th AAF Base Unit, 1 April 1944 – 26 September 1947
 * 4136th AF Base Unit, 26 September 1947 – 28 August 1948
 * 2919th Area Supply Gp, 28 August 1948 – 15 March 1951
 * 2944th Depot Training Wg, 15 March 1951 – 15 July 1953
 * 2854th Air Base Wg, 15 July 1953 – 16 October 1964
 * 2854th Air Base Gp, 16 October 1964 – 1 October 1994
 * 72 Air Base Wing, 1 October 1994 – present

Major units assigned

 * OK City Air Depot 1 March 1942 – 3 January 1955
 * 323rd Bomb Group 9 September 1947 – 17 March 1951
 * 456th Bomb Group 26 September 1947 – 17 March 1951
 * 323rd Bomb Wing 27 June 1949 – 28 March 1951
 * 506th Strategic Fighter Wing 20 March 1955 – 1 April 1959
 * 1707 Air Transport Wing 1 June 1959 – 8 January 1966
 * 443rd Military Airlift Wing 8 January 1966 – 5 May 1969

Role and operations
Tinker AFB is home to major Department of Defense, Air Force and Navy units with national defense missions.

Air Force and related entities
The Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex is the largest air logistics center in the Air Force Materiel Command. It provides depot maintenance, product support, services and supply chain management, and information support for 31 weapon systems, 10 commands, 93 Air Force bases and 46 foreign nations. It is the contracting office for the Air Force's Contract Field Teams program.

The Air Logistics Complex includes the 76 Aircraft Maintenance Group, the 76 Propulsion Maintenance Group, the 76 Commodities Maintenance Group, the 76 Software Engineering Group and the 76 Maintenance Support Group. Combined, these groups provide depot-level maintenance, repair and overhaul of KC-135, B-52, E-3, E-6, and B-1 aircraft, as well as engines, components, support equipment, and associated software for the US Air Force and US Navy.

The 72nd Air Base Wing is a multi-unit, multi-mission wing that includes base services and support for the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center, associate organizations, dependents, and retirees.

The 38th Cyberspace Engineering Group, Air Force Space Command, has worldwide responsibility for engineering, installation, and interoperability of all communications and electronic facilities for the Air Force.

Oklahoma Wing Civil Air Patrol Headquarters is located at the base ops building and provides state-level support to the 17 units across the state. The Flying Castle Composite Squadron is a Civil Air Patrol squadron that is composed of cadet and senior members that meet Tuesday evenings.

The 552nd Air Control Wing flies Air Combat Command's E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft. The E-3's radar and other sensors provide deep-look surveillance, warning, interception control and airborne battle management. The 552 ACW encompasses 3 groups: 552nd Operations Group, 552nd Maintenance Group and 552nd Air Control Group.

The 507th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is one of two Air Force Reserve flying units in the state of Oklahoma and administratively reports to Fourth Air Force (4 AF). The wing operates twelve KC-135R "Stratotanker" air refueling aircraft at Tinker and is operationally gained by Air Mobility Command (AMC). As an associate unit, the 507 ARW also operates the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) British Aerospace 125-800 aircraft (ex-USAF C-29A) in the aviation standards and navigational aid inspection mission.

Navy and other defense agencies
The United States Navy's Strategic Communications Wing One consists of three squadrons and a wing staff, and employs over 1,300 active-duty sailors and 100 contractors to provide maintenance, security, operations, administration, training and logistic support for the E-6 Mercury aircraft fleet. The E-6B Mercury enables the president of the United States and the Secretary of Defense to directly contact submarines, bombers and missile silos enforcing the country's national security through nuclear deterrence. The wing also operates alert facilities for E-6B aircraft at Travis AFB, California and Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland.

Defense Mega Center Oklahoma City is the local branch of the Defense Information Systems Agency. The Mega center operates computer systems for the base and serves 110 other bases in 46 states.

Tinker has on-base several offices of the Defense Logistics Agency, the agency that provides supplies to the military services and supports their acquisition and transportation of repair parts and other materials.

 * DLA Aviation has two offices at Tinker Air Force Base, DLA Aviation Customer Operations commanded by COL Rex Adee, USAF, and DLA Strategic Acquisitions at Tinker AFB, under Frances Evans, acting director, DLR Procurement Operations.
 * DLA Distribution Oklahoma City provides the receipt, storage, issue, inspection and shipment of material, including material quality control, preservation and packaging, inventory, transportation functions and pick up and delivery services in support of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center, other tenants at Tinker Air Force Base, and other global customers. Support to the Air Logistics Center is primarily for programmed depot maintenance for aircraft and engines. The majority of the items shipped from Oklahoma City are destined for "customers" on base including the 552nd Air Control Wing, the U.S. Navy Strategic Communications Wing One, the 507th Air Refueling Wing and the 3rd Combat Communications Group.
 * DLA Document Services provides a full portfolio of document services including traditional offset printing, on-demand printing, and online document services. DLA Document Services locations in Oklahoma include Fort Sill in Lawton, Oklahoma, the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant, and Tinker AFB.

Public/private partnerships
Community support for Tinker can be seen by the establishment of two public/private partnerships that support base operations by using local dollars to make available additional facilities for base use. While these partnerships are technically separate facilities, Tinker's security perimeter is extended around these facilities.

Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Technology Center (MROTC)
The first of the public/private partnerships is The Oklahoma Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Technology Center (MROTC), managed by Battelle Oklahoma, owned by Oklahoma Industries Authority (OIA), and partners with the Department of Defense to provide a national center for technical solutions to aging commercial and military aircraft. The MROTC is a 370 acre MRO facility, on the southeast side of Tinker AFB, sharing runways and security with the base. The MROTC complex is planned as a major military and commercial aircraft facility with 17 hangars and more than one million square feet of related industrial space and education and training facilities. The facility currently houses three hangars, one leased by Boeing (designed to accommodate Boeing 767-400 class aircraft), a second hangar for 767 for lease, and a third hangar designed to accommodate Boeing 707-300 class aircraft.

Building 9001 (Tinker Aerospace Complex)
The second of the public-private partnerships is Building 9001, originally known as the Tinker Aerospace Complex housed in the former General Motors Oklahoma City Assembly Plant located west of the runway on the south side of the base, north of I-240. A 50-year lease-purchase agreement was executed in September 2008 between Oklahoma County and the Air Force, covering the 2.5 million square foot (353,000 m2) facility and 407 acre. Previously, the largest single building at the base was Building 3001 at 1300000 sqft. Tinker has leased about 4/5 of the facility and will host some current 76th Maintenance Wing operations as well as other Department of Defense missions, including work on the C-17 engines, joint strike fighter engines and core work on the new KC-46 tanker. Work being transferred to the complex is currently being done at 69 separate facilities on base, many of which are World War II-era temporary buildings located in runway clear zones. Burlington Northern Santa Fe provides a rail spur into the complex.

In 2014 Oklahoma County agreed to issue $10 million in bonds to help finance the purchase of a 156 acre BNSF Railway marshaling yard, just north of the TAC building.

In addition to providing space for the work of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center, the Tinker Aerospace Complex can also be used to house public/private business partnerships. Currently, there are three programs. The Cooperative Research and Development Partnership has the objective of advancing science and technology to meet Air Force requirements and transferring technology into the commercial marketplace (CRADA, governed by Title 15 USC 3710a). Public-Private Partnerships, or statutory partnering, is where the government acts as a seller to private industry in either a direct sales agreement, Workshare Partnering Agreement, or a Facilities Use Agreement (governed by Title 10 USC 2474). Finally, the Enhanced Use Lease requires Congressional approval and full fair market value rent for underutilized Air Force assets(governed by 10 USC 2667).

Based units
Flying and notable non-flying units based at Tinker Air Force Base.

Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Tinker, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.

United States Air Force
Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)
 * 72nd Air Base Wing (Host wing)
 * Headquarters 72nd Air Base Wing
 * 72nd Communications Directorate
 * 72nd Civil Engineering Directorate
 * 72nd Operations Support Squadron
 * 72nd Comptroller Squadron
 * 72nd Medical Group
 * 72nd Medical Support Squadron
 * 72nd Healthcare Operations Squadron
 * 72nd Operational Medical Readiness Squadron
 * 72nd Mission Support Group
 * 72nd Force Support Squadron
 * 72nd Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 72nd Security Forces Squadron
 * Headquarters Air Force Sustainment Center
 * 448th Supply Chain Management Wing
 * Headquarters 448th Supply Chain Management Wing
 * 848th Supply Chain Management Group
 * 421st Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 422nd Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 423rd Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 424th Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 948th Supply Chain Management Group
 * 420th Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 429th Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 430th Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * 431st Supply Chain Management Squadron
 * Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex
 * Aerospace Sustainment Directorate
 * 76th Aircraft Maintenance Group
 * Engineering Branch
 * Quality Assurance Office
 * Production Operations Branch
 * 564th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 565th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 566th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 567th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 568th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 569th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 76th Commodities Maintenance Group
 * Engineering Branch
 * Quality Assurance Office
 * Production Operations Branch
 * 550th Commodities Maintenance Squadron
 * 551st Commodities Maintenance Squadron
 * 552nd Commodities Maintenance Squadron
 * 553rd Commodities Maintenance Squadron
 * 76th Propulsion Maintenance Group
 * Engineering Branch
 * Quality Assurance Office
 * Production Operations Office
 * 544th Propulsion Maintenance Squadron
 * 546th Propulsion Maintenance Squadron
 * 547th Propulsion Maintenance Squadron
 * 548th Propulsion Maintenance Squadron
 * 76th Software Engineering Group
 * Engineering Branch
 * Production Operations Branch
 * 555th Software Engineering Squadron
 * 556th Software Engineering Squadron
 * 557th Software Engineering Squadron
 * 558th Software Engineering Squadron
 * 559th Software Engineering Squadron
 * 76th Maintenance Support Group
 * Engineering Branch
 * Production Operations Branch
 * Production Support
 * 76th Maintenance Support Squadron
 * 776th Maintenance Support Squadron
 * Air Force Life Cycle Management Center
 * Detachment 11 (GSU)
 * Propulsion Directorate (GSU)
 * Propulsion Sustainment Division
 * Propulsion Integration Division
 * Digital Directorate
 * E-3 AWACS Division (GSU)
 * Bombers Directorate
 * B-1 Lancer Division (GSU)
 * B-52 Stratofortress Division (GSU)
 * Mobility & Training Aircraft Directorate
 * Legacy Tanker Division (GSU)
 * Presidential & Executive Airlift Directorate
 * Commercial Derivative Aircraft Division (GSU)

Air Combat Command (ACC)
 * Fifteenth Air Force
 * 552nd Air Control Wing
 * Headquarters 552nd Air Control Wing
 * 552nd Air Control Group
 * 552nd Air Control Networks Squadron
 * 752nd Operations Support Squadron
 * 552nd Operations Group
 * 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron – E-3B/C/G Sentry
 * 963rd Airborne Air Control Squadron – E-3G Sentry
 * 964th Airborne Air Control Squadron – E-3G Sentry
 * 965th Airborne Air Control Squadron – E-3G Sentry
 * 552nd Maintenance Group
 * 552nd Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 552nd Maintenance Squadron
 * 552nd Maintenance Operations Flight
 * 552nd Training Group
 * 552nd Training Squadron
 * 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron - E-3G Sentry
 * Sixteenth Air Force
 * 688th Cyberspace Wing
 * 38th Cyberspace Engineering Installation Group (GSU)
 * 38th Engineering Squadron
 * 38th Operations Support Squadron

Air Force Field Operating Agencies
 * Air Force Flight Standards Agency
 * Flight Operations and Policy Standards Directorate
 * Flight Directives Division
 * Safety of Navigation Division
 * Navigation Systems Division
 * Advanced Instrument School
 * Airfield Operations Directorate
 * ATCALS Maintenance Directorate
 * Plans and Readiness Directorate
 * Cyber Operations Directorate
 * Sustainment Directorate
 * Programs and Requirements Directorate

Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
 * Fourth Air Force
 * 507th Air Refueling Wing
 * Headquarters 507th Air Refueling Wing
 * 507th Medical Squadron
 * 507th Operations Group
 * 465th Air Refueling Squadron – KC-135R Stratotanker
 * 507th Operations Support Squadron
 * 507th Maintenance Group
 * 507th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 507th Maintenance Squadron
 * 507th Mission Support Group
 * 72nd Aerial Port Squadron
 * 507th Civil Engineer Squadron
 * 507th Communications Flight
 * 507th Force Support Squadron
 * 507th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 507th Security Forces Squadron
 * Tenth Air Force
 * 513th Air Control Group
 * 513th Operations Support Flight
 * 513th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 513th Maintenance Squadron
 * 970th Airborne Air Control Squadron – E-3G Sentry
 * 960th Cyberspace Wing
 * 860th Cyberspace Operations Group
 * 35th Combat Communications Squadron (GSU)

Civil Air Patrol (CAP)
 * Southwest Region
 * Oklahoma Wing
 * Oklahoma Wing HQ Staff Squadron (OK-001)
 * Flying Castle Composite Squadron (OK-008)

United States Navy
Commander, Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR)

 * Strategic Communications Wing ONE
 * Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron THREE (VQ-3) – E-6B Mercury
 * Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron FOUR (VQ-4) – E-6B Mercury
 * Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron SEVEN (VQ-7) – E-6B Mercury
 * TACAMO Weapons School

Commander, Navy Reserve Forces Command (COMNAVRESFOR)
 * Navy Reserve Center - Oklahoma City

Base housing
There is on-base housing that is managed by a private company.

Residents on Tinker AFB are zoned to Mid-Del School District. The zoned schools are Tinker Elementary School, Jarmen Junior High School, and Midwest City High School.

Other sources

 * Much of this text in an early version of this article was taken from pages on the Tinker Air Force Base Website, which as a work of the U.S. Government is presumed to be a public domain resource. That information was supplemented by:
 * Mueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6
 * Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
 * Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.

title: Tinker Air Force Base


text:
Bornhagen

Bornhagen is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany, located at the foot of the ruins of Hanstein Castle. The town district Rimbach is positioned directly south of the castle citadel at an elevation of 370 m. Bornhagen is located 22 km south of Göttingen, 85 km northwest of the state capital Erfurt and 270 km southwest of Berlin. It is the westernmost settlement in Thuringia but does not contain the westernmost point which is 75 km south near Geisa.

Hanstein Castle was mentioned for the first time in official documents in the 9th century in Corvey Monastery, and is considered one of the largest castle ruins in central Germany. In the Middle Ages, the castle served as a prison. During the Thirty Years' War, it was partly destroyed by Swedish troops, after which it was no longer inhabited on a regular basis. Reconstruction work was begun on the castle in 1985 with the support of the local heritage society. The three-wing altar from the former castle chapel can be viewed in the Catholic Church in Rimbach. Bornhagen is also a popular tourist destination

Bornhagen contains a full-scale replica of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe.

title: Bornhagen


text:
User:Ford

O.T. Ford
Generalist in world studies, based in Los Angeles, but originally from West Lafayette, in Hoosierland. Particular interest in recent history, geography, language and symbols, and the nature and practice of dominion. Proponent of transcendent rationalism, and its corollary, stewardship.

Primary locations of my work: O.T. Ford — essays and commentaries Earth as it is — research on the state of the world

And a personal page: Of The Ford

One of my specialties here at Wikipedia is drastically increasing the length of a talk page: 2004, Kosovo, Stalin, John Paul II.

See: Proposals, at the moment dealing with honorifics and titles.

Leading frustrations
Administrator abuse. — This frustration trumps all others. There is little if any point in editing here when self-important editors with special powers violate written policies that are meant to govern the use of these special powers. Perhaps worse than that is the broad support such abuse receives from the community. This is incredibly shortsighted; those who cheer abuse when it happens to those they do not like have no defense when they are the victims of abuse themselves.

Biased edits. — I agree with the sentiments of some that calling a thing by its proper name is important — dictatorship, rule, oppression, murder. That is much of the point of the above pages, particularly Earth as it is. I am happy to deal in controversy elsewhere; but Wikipedia, with its open format, is not the place. We have all agreed to produce something that is dry and factual; we should do only that. Of course, this bias is most frustrating when it involves calling a thing what it is not, and is accompanied by accusations that a neutral position is biased.

“Settled” matters. — Policies which are subject to change are taken as divine fiat; agreements reached between a handful of editors at some indeterminate time in the past are taken as constitutional law. While I am called upon to justify my editing practices several times a fortnight (see 2004 and Kosovo), other editors are allowed to resist any change with reference to a discussion with a few or even one other editor a year or two in the past as the last word on any given issue. And such “settled” or “established” policies are held to trump even the policy of neutrality.

Adulation of “superiors”. — Religious figures, royalty and nobility, and other holdovers of pre-modern times are subjects that some editors are clearly incapable of treating factually and neutrally. Styles and titles that are assumed by self-important individuals, or disingenuously “granted” them by their supporters, or bestowed by presumptuous governments, are perhaps matters of fact that can be noted; but they cannot be used if the encyclopedia is to remain neutral. John Paul II and Tenzin Gyatso are not “holy”, Elizabeth Windsor is not “majestic”, and those who insist that to call them so is not an endorsement of these claims are dupes. Naturally, there is a lingering fascination with the pre-modern culture of nobility, and there is no shortage of fanboys here who treat the persistence of the nobility as a terrific game; but between such neo-romantics, fame-addled celebrity worshippers, and the pious devotees of religions and patriotisms of various kinds, the encyclopedia is a testament to inequality, where the egalitarian idea is treated as unacceptable bias.

Page ownership. — Some rather-important pages are treated like personal property by single editors. The most significant instance of this I have seen involved an editor who resisted any change not of its own doing on conservative grounds (id est, “this wording has stood the test of time”), and then summarily substituted a radically-different version while we were still discussing a new version that I had placed on the talk page for consideration.

Gratifying vanity or commercial interest of subjects. —  While self-identification is worth taking into account, when self-identification becomes self-promotion we are not in any way obligated to follow suit. If we do so, we abandon the policies of neutrality and common usage and actually engage in advertising. This includes the practice of writing brand names in all caps, which companies support because it calls attention to their brands. This also includes the non-standard and utterly-ridiculous practice of considering the definite article as part of the name of something to the extent that it should be included in an article’s title and capitalized in the middle of a sentence. All the arguments for this practice would likewise support silliness like “graduated from the presitigious The George Washington University”, and will lead to this eventually, if they have not already.

Same thing in Wiktionary Same thing in Wikibooks Same thing in Wikinews Same thing in Commons Same thing on the metasite.

title: User:Ford


text:
William Canton

William Canton (27 October 1845 – 2 May 1926) was a British poet, journalist and writer, now best known for his contributions to children's literature. These include his series of three books, beginning with The Invisible Playmate, written for his daughter Winifred Vida (1891-1901). The book was read by the late nineteenth century English novelist George Gissing on New Year's Eve 1895. In his lifetime Canton was known for his use of recent archeological evidence of prehistory in his poetry.

Life
William Canton was born at Chusan in China on 27 October 1845, to a Catholic family of civil servants. His childhood was spent mostly in Jamaica. He studied for the priesthood at Douai School and later in Paris, but eventually abandoned the priesthood as a vocation to become a teacher and writer. He later left the Roman Catholic Church to become a Protestant. He worked as a journalist in London and Glasgow, where he became editor of the Glasgow Weekly Herald and later a leader-writer for the Glasgow Herald.

He married Emma Moore in 1874, and they had one daughter, who died in 1877. Emma died in 1880, and he remarried to Annie Elizabeth Taylor in 1882. They had a son and a daughter together.

In 1891 Canton moved to London, where he worked for the religious book and magazine publisher W. Isbister, later being appointed as editor of the Sunday Review and the Sunday Magazine. He also contributed articles and poems to Good Words.

In 1901 Canton's daughter Winifred died suddenly at the age of 10. He resigned from Isbister and took up the offer to write the official history of the Bible Society, which he hoped would comfort him. The nine volume history took five years to complete. He also published literature about Winifred: The Invisible Playmate, recollections of his daughter, W.V.: Her Book and Rhymes About a Little Woman.

Canton completed his history in 1910, after which he devoted himself to children's literature and historical works, including The Bible and the Anglo-Saxon People (1914) The Bible Story (1915).

He died at his home in Hendon on 2 May 1926.

Poetry
Canton's early poetry was highly regarded in his lifetime for its attempt to represent in verse recent scientific theories, especially Darwinism, which he addressed in his poem Through the Ages (1879). Thomas Huxley supported Canton's attempts to introduce scientific terminology into verse. The Sanskritist Max Müller also praised Canton's works, writing that "I look upon them as equal to Matthew Arnold's poems, and having been an old friend and sincere admirer of Arnold, I could give no higher praise". Walter Pater, wrote to Canton that he gave expression to "primeval, pre-adamite, or pre-historic subjects...you have certainly made their poetic side your own".

Canton's later work was more religious in emphasis, but his output almost ceased after the death of his daughter. In 1913 Canton began a new religious poem The Mask of Veronica, but it was unfinished at his death.

Works

 * A Lost Epic and other poems (1887)
 * The fairy princess, and other poems
 * The Invisible Playmate: A Story of the Unseen (1894)
 * W. V. Her Book (1896)
 * W. V's Golden Legend (1898)
 * A Child's Book of Saints 1907 (1898)
 * Children's sayings : edited with a digression on the small people (1900)
 * In memory of W. V. (1901)
 * The Comrades (1902) poems
 * A history of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 5 vols (1904-1910).
 * The Bible and the Anglo-Saxon People (1914)
 * Poems (1927, Harrap)
 * A Child's Book of Warriors (1912) illustrated by Herbert Cole

title: William Canton


text:
List of mayors of Jacksonville, Florida

The mayor of Jacksonville is the chief executive for the city of Jacksonville, Florida. Jacksonville currently utilizes the strong mayor form of government in which the mayor currently has significant powers compared to the Jacksonville City Council. Ever since the land consolidation of Jacksonville as early as the late 19th century with the rest of Duval County, Florida, and further consolidation around 1968; the mayor is considered the administrator over the entire county. The incumbent is Donna Deegan, who was elected in the 2023 election.

History
The first mayor of Jacksonville, William J. Mills, was elected in 1832. A new city charter in 1841 changed the titled to "Intendant" until 1859 when it was changed back to mayor. The information on mayors of Jacksonville from 1832 to 1848 is limited, mostly due to the Great Fire of 1901 which destroyed some of the city's records. Most of the information available today was taken from newspapers published during the period.

There was no election for mayor in 1840, nor during the Civil War in 1862, 1863, and 1864. During the Reconstruction era, mayoral elections resumed but the position had no real power, with the city being administered by the United States Military. There was no set amount of time in which one person can stay as mayor.

On May 31, 1887, the city instituted a new charter, annexing several suburbs, including LaVilla, Springfield, Riverside, Brooklyn, East Jacksonville, and Fairfield. The mayor's term of office was also increased from one year to two. The mayor serving at the time, John Quincy Burbridge, had been elected on April 8 of that year, but the new charter required a new election to be held. On December 13, 1887, another election was held and Charles Bristol Smith, a Republican, won with support from members of the city's large African American community. After this, local Democrats petitioned the Florida State Legislature to change the city charter once again in an effort to curb Republican and black participation in local politics. The result was that direct election of mayors in the city was abolished from 1889 until 1893. Mayors during this period were elected by the city council, who were appointed by the governor of Florida.

The city's charter changed several times over the next several decades, and additional areas were annexed, expanding the city limits. The biggest change to local government, however, was the Jacksonville Consolidation, which took effect on October 1, 1968. In this measure, the Duval County and City of Jacksonville governments were consolidated, expanding the city limits to include almost the entire county. Mayor Hans Tanzler had just taken office on June 23, 1967; however, consolidation meant that he would have to run again for the office of mayor for the newly consolidated city government. Tanzler was re-elected and took office on March 1, 1968. Since that time mayors have been elected every four years. Voters in 1991 approved a two-term limit for Duval constitutional officers.

Mayors of Jacksonville, Florida
The following is a list of mayors of Jacksonville:

Pre-Civil War mayors revived
There were no elections held in 1862, 1863, and 1864.

title: List of mayors of Jacksonville, Florida


text:
User:KeyStroke/Subpage 1

Career Summary
Data Analyst with extensive experience constructing both Logical data models and Physical data models, and databases, for On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems; and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems (Data Marts and Data Warehouses), which, most recently, have been implemented in Oracle. Experience also includes being solely responsible for assuring data quality and data integrity across more than 90 distributed Oracle instances, and coding of an in-house built Data Movement (ETL) capability. Hands on experience also includes more than 6 years coding PL/SQL triggers, procedures, packages and functions in Oracle and optimization of SQL statements.

Experience
Transamerica Insurance, Kansas City, MO Data Analyst 8/2003-Present

Achieved acceptance of the use of client-server technologies to convert life insurance policy administration data from existing IMS database, based mainframe system to the latest available version of the corporate policy administration system. Among the technologies being used are: PowerCenter (by Informatica), Oracle 9i, stored PL/SQL procedures and functions, and SQL-Loader.

Instituted data quality profiling against data from existing policy administration system to bring greater visibility to data integrity problems and incompatibilities between the source and target policy administration systems. Technologies utilized were: DFPowerStudio from Dataflux and ad-hoc SQL statements in Oracle.

Provided project management functions for Data Administration group, including managing Data Management sub-tasks within project plan, establishing commitments to project schedule on behalf of Data Management and monitoring progress to schedule of activities of other members of Data Management, including: other Data Analysts, DBAs and Informatica PowerCenter consultants.

Evaluated responses to ‘Requests for Information’ on centralized Metadata Repository. Compiled evaluations to produce recommendation on acquisition of Metadata Repository.

Provided expert guidance on SQL optimization and PL/SQL stored procedures, triggers, and functions to development group implementing a new re-insurance administration system. Designed and Implemented a data-mart for the re-insurance administration system which formed the basis for display of data via the web to partner insurance companies.

Sprint PCS, Overland Park, KS Data Analyst III 10/2001-3/2003

Perform Project Lead functions. Provide initial estimates and estimate-to-complete.

Participate in multiple, concurrent, multi-week group data modeling efforts (for various development projects) resulting in both Logical and Physical data models, which were subsequently implemented in an Oracle database. Analyze business functions of the company to identify the data entities, relationships, and attributes required for automated systems. Interview Sources to determine Data Requirements. Particular attention provided to building an integrated, cohesive, single data model resolving the data integrity issues between three, previously implemented, applications.

Provide coaching and mentoring of junior Data Analysts in Data Modeling techniques.

Record logical data model in Power Designer (v.9.5) tool. Generate physical data model from logical. Prepare and publish Data Requirements Specification Documents. Generate DDL from Power Designer and prepare DDL for turnover to DBA.

Design, code, and unit test, PL/SQL functions, triggers, and stored procedures to maintain data integrity within and between systems (ETL). Coach and mentor developers in optimization of SQL statements. Investigate data quality using data mining methods and ad-hoc SQL.

Augment existing Data Mart structures with new data requirements. Provide consultation on most effective way to achieve data movement (ETL) between OLTP system and Data Mart.

Reverse Engineer physical data models from Oracle databases using Power Designer.

Open Systems Group, Dallas, TX Sr. IT Specialist 3/2000-9/2001

Client: Sprint Long Distance (May 2001 to Sep 2001)

Central Data Management Point-of-contact for the development of user-friendly front-end object oriented software, which allows translations and routing specifications to be populated into more than 150 telecommunications switches. This effort was undertaken as a joint effort between Sprint PCS and Sprint Long Distance. Provide project planning and resource coordination for Data Management personnel on project. Provide estimates and manage action items for Data Management involvement on project. Facilitate group data modeling sessions. Conduct Technical Quality Assurance reviews. Convert Logical Data model to physical data model, making necessary compromises to optimize for implementation into Oracle. Generate DDL. Collaborate with DBAs from Sprint PCS and Sprint LD to implement DDL into Oracle development environment.

Client: Bell Helicopter/Textron (May 2000 to Dec 2000)

Central contributor to the efforts at Bell Helicopter to synergistically integrate existing legacy data with commercially available, industry standard software utilizing a normalized Enterprise Database implemented on a client-server platform in an Oracle database. This effort allowed Bell Helicopter to provide greater visibility to their existing data resources while leveraging those data resources to reduce the ramp-up time for implementing commercially available off-the-shelf software (COTS). This effort also had the direct benefit of reducing Bell Helicopters dependence on out-of-date legacy systems and databases while increasing opportunity for data reuse and improving data quality. This effort has laid the foundation for future efforts at Bell Helicopter including e-Commerce and Data Warehousing.

Koch Industries Inc, Wichita, KS Sr. Data Analyst/Replication Administrator 2/1996-3/2000

Create a small, quickly developed, Data Mart in Oracle, which housed 4 fact tables accessed via 13 dimension tables and containing over one million rows in the largest fact table. (Case tool used: Power Designer).

Provide recommendations on data modeling techniques to the Information Warehouse team. Provide expert advice in SQL and PL/SQL tuning to Information Warehouse team.

Provide the data modeling, database design, production rollout planning, and implementation for data structure changes to an Oracle database in support of the OLTP system. This was undertaken in support of major version enhancement to the ERP system tailored for Koch use. (CASE tool used: ERWin)

Manage and maintain the daily replication process. This replication process maintains the data integrity between 77 geographically dispersed, yet structurally identical, Oracle databases throughout the 48 contiguous US states. Utilizing knowledge of SQL and PL/SQL coding techniques, redesign the procedural symmetric replication in response to changing data distribution needs in support of version 2.1 of Point.Man.

Provide SQL coding expertise to other developers on the OLTP project. Create PL-SQL triggers, stored procedures and packages used to enhance and support the ERP system. Determine the set of Oracle database instances needed to support the development and production needs of Koch Materials Co. Respond to various ad-hoc requests for information from the ERP system by constructing SQL-Plus scripts to create reports.

Sprint, Irving, TX Data Analyst IV 7/1989-2/1996

Along with the fundamental functions performed by a Data Analyst I distinguished myself by also performing these activities:
 * Perform Project Lead and Business Requirements Analyst functions.
 * Initiate and participate in an effort to create a company-wide standard data modeling technique.
 * Provided Facilitated leadership for group data modeling efforts.

Tools used: ENFIN, Bachman, ADW, IEW, IEF, IEX, and PROKIT

Boeing, Wichita, KS Data Management Technical Lead 10/1984-6/1989

Along with the fundamental functions performed by a Data Analyst I distinguished myself by also performing these activities:
 * Facilitate data modeling sessions in a multi-week group effort.
 * Manage data dictionary system and dictionary contents.
 * Prepare and publish Data Requirements Specification Documents.
 * Provide consulting to DBAs on the most appropriate compromises to data structures during database design
 * Conduct training sessions in the IDEF-1 Data Modeling technique
 * Participate in efforts to define and expand data modeling technique used by Air Force

Tools used: EXCELLERATOR

title: User:KeyStroke/Subpage 1


text:
Burgwalde

Burgwalde is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany, part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg.

title: Burgwalde