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Aakash Chopra

Aakash Chopra (born 19 September 1977) is a cricket commentator, YouTuber and former cricketer who played for the Indian cricket team from 2003 to late 2004.

Chopra currently works as Hindi cricket commentator for Viacom18. He previously worked as a column writer for ESPNcricinfo.

His international cricket career consisted of 10 test matches, in which he scored 437 runs with an average of 23 per match.

In Indian domestic cricket, Chopra played for the Delhi cricket team, Himachal Pradesh cricket team and Rajasthan cricket team. He also played for the Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League.

International
Chopra made his Test debut in Ahmedabad against New Zealand in late 2003, as India sought to find an opening partner for his Delhi teammate Virender Sehwag. During the 2003-2004 second Test in Mohali, Chopra scored two half-centuries against New Zealand. On the 2003–04 tour to Australia, he frequently partnered with Virender Sehwag, including two century opening partnerships in Melbourne and Sydney. As an opening batsman, Chopra was credited with the large scores that India accumulated in that series, surpassing middle-order batsmen Rahul Dravid, V. V. S. Laxman, Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly who regularly scored centuries.

On the subsequent tour to Pakistan, Chopra scored 42 runs in the first test match wherein Virender Sehwag scored the First ever triple century for an Indian & India scored more than 600 runs in the first innings. India went on to defeat Pakistan in the first Test in Multan. However, in the second Test, the Indian batsmen scored much lower, apart from a century from Yuvraj Singh, who played in place of the injured captain Sourav Ganguly. When Ganguly returned for the final Test, Chopra was axed and Yuvraj was retained on the team.

Chopra was reintroduced as Sehwag's partner in the 2004 Border-Gavaskar Trophy after Tendulkar was injured for the First Test in Bangalore. A heavy loss saw Chopra axed for the following match in Chennai upon Tendulkar's return, with Yuvraj playing as opening batsman. Yuvraj also struggled, and Chopra was recalled for the Third Test in Nagpur. Australia won this series, the first test win in India for them in 35 years, and this resulted in Chopra being dropped from the team. Chopra was replaced by Delhi teammates Gautam Gambhir and Wasim Jaffer, who went on to partner Sehwag in Test matches. Due to his low scoring rate, Chopra was not considered for One Day Internationals.

Domestic
In September 2008, Aakash played for Delhi in the Nissar Trophy against SNGPL (the winners of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from Pakistan). Delhi scored 4 and 197, making the match a draw, but SNGPL won the trophy based on first-innings lead. After representing Delhi for a long time, Chopra joined Rajasthan as a guest player in the Ranji Plate division. Chopra helped Rajasthan to become the first Plate division team to win the Ranji Trophy, followed by another Ranji trophy win in 2010–2011 season. Chopra has won three Ranji titles in total, one with Delhi and two with Rajasthan.

IPL
Chopra played for the Kolkata Knight Riders in IPL 2008, IPL 2009, but was dropped eventually as he was deemed too slow at scoring for fast-paced T-20 cricket.

In IPL 2011, Chopra was signed by the Rajasthan Royals. In that season he scored just 53 runs with a low average of 8.83 runs across 6 innings. In 2015, he announced his retirement from all forms of cricket. Chopra is one of the few Indian cricketers who have scored over 8,000 First-Class runs.

Cricket commentary career
Chopra was a cricket commentator for Star Sports for a long time. His cricket commentary style has been described as similar to Navjot Singh Sidhu, in that he uses lots of one-liners and rhymes.

During the 2018–19 Australia vs India test series, Chopra was a commentator for 7 Network, and also commentated for Sony Ten 2.

In January 2023, Chopra left Star Sports, and joined Viacom 18 network. He voiced Hindi commentary on Sports 18 and on the Jio Cinema app during the South African Twenty20 league, SA20.

Other media
Chopra's columns regularly appear in Mid-Day and on ESPNcricinfo.

In 2009, Chopra released Beyond the Blues: A First-Class Season Like No Other, a diary of his domestic season in 2007-2008 published by HarperCollins. It received critical acclaim, and Suresh Menon of ESPNcricinfo wrote that it was "the best book written by an Indian Test cricketer". In November 2011, his second book was published by HarperCollins, and was titled Out of the Blue, about Rajasthan's victory in the Ranji Trophy. He went on to write two more books; The Insider with ESPNcricinfo in 2015 and Numbers Do Lie with Impact Index in 2017.

In May 2020, Chopra signed as a commentator with popular mobile cricket game World Cricket Championship commentate the upcoming WCC3 game. Chopra was the first commentator to become a commentator on a digital game platform.

Aakash Chopra has a YouTube channel where he uploads match reviews and previews.

title: Aakash Chopra


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Enga Province

Enga is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Enga is geographically situated in the northern region of Papua New Guinea and was separated from the adjacent Western Highlands at the time of national independence in 1975. The majority ethnic group are Engans. Approximately 500,000 people live within the province, which has one spoken language in all five of its districts. A small minority of Engans' land on the eastern side of the region remained in the Western Highlands, their territory being accessible by road from Mount Hagen but not directly from elsewhere in Enga territory.

History
Europeans—typically Australian gold prospectors—originally entered what is now Enga province from the east in the late 1920s, although the best-known exploration of Enga took place during the early 1930s when Mick Leahy and a party of men travelled from what later became Mount Hagen to the site of the future Wabag and then south through the Ambum Valley to what later became East Sepik.

On 24 May 2024, a landslide occurred affecting six villages in Maip Muritaka Rural LLG. The landslide is responsible for the death of 100 villagers in villages with a total population of 1000 people.

Culture
Engans are divided into three subgroups, the Mae, the Raiapu, and the Kyaka.

Like many other highland Papua New Guineans living west of the Daulo Pass (between Chimbu Province and Eastern Highlands Province), the traditional Engan settlement style is that of scattered homesteads dispersed throughout the landscape. Historically sweet potato was the staple food, sometimes supplemented by pork. The modern diet places an increasing emphasis on store bought rice and tinned fish and meat. Pigs remain a culturally valued item with elaborate systems of pig exchange also known as "tee" that mark social life in the province. The Raiapu practice extensive agriculture in their highland region. Sweet potatoes are the major crop, forming two-thirds of the Raiapu diet. They also raise pigs.

The Raiapu Enga believe in a variety of supernatural beings, although anthropologist Richard Feachem states that the Raiapu "derive no joy or comfort from their religious beliefs" due to the pervasively indifferent or malevolent nature of those spirits. The yalyakali, or "sky people," are fair-skinned and beautiful deities whose idyllic lives in the clouds mirror the agricultural and clan structure of the Raiapu below but lack the sadness of ordinary life. They are considered remote and unapproachable by humans. Feachem states that "the remaining spirit beings (ghosts and demons) are an aggressive and bellicose group who are mercilessly engaged in an endless cycle of revenge and mischief." The yuumi nenge, or "destructive ground force," are ghosts which cause deaths from exposure in the forest. A timongo is a spirit which leaves a human body upon death and wanders the forests as "a source of continual fear and alarm for the living," particularly the still-living members of their own immediate families, against whom they bear "bitter grievances." Also living in the wild forests, as well as caves and pools, are evil, carnivorous demons known as pututuli, which can change their shape but are often seen as being extremely tall with two-fingered claws. The Raiapu believe that human babies are occasionally switched by female demons with pututuli babies. Topoli are human sorcerers who possess secret knowledge of spells or other esoteric knowledge, and can defend against and communicate with hostile spirits. They "may be described as a healer of broken limbs, or a catcher of lost ghosts," writes Feachem.

Crime and violence
Tribal violence in Enga has been a way of life, although traditional weaponry, rules of engagement, and peace treaties kept casualties low. This norm has begun to change in the region in the 21st century, with greater use of firearms, mercenaries, and ignoring rules of engagement leading to greater loss of life. Firearms are believed to have been stolen from government armouries. Only a fifth of the 5000 Australian-made Self Loading Rifles and half of the 2000 M16's delivered to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF) from the 1970s to the 1990s were found in government armouries during an audit in 2004 and 2005. The theft and smuggling of ammunition has also led to large numbers of casualties, leading to peace treaties being more difficult to obtain. The PNGDF and the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary have found it difficult to keep order, as they are often short on weaponry and ammunition themselves.

Fighting emerged after the 2022 Papua New Guinean general election, with thousands being displaced from their homes. This fighting then continued with different tribes ambushing others in a myriad of disputes, leading to villages being abandoned. Many inhabitants have been displaced to the capital of Wabag in order to escape the fighting. In February 2024, 69 people were killed in a massacre in Akom, 30 minutes from the capital, the worst loss of life since the Bougainville conflict of the 1980s and 1990s. Prime Minister James Marape called it an act of domestic terrorism and stated that they would seek help from Australia to support policing and security in the region.

Districts and LLGs
The province has six districts, and each district has one or more Local Level Government (LLG) areas. For census purposes, the LLG areas are subdivided into wards and those into census units.

Provincial leaders
The province was governed by a decentralised provincial administration, headed by a Premier, from 1978 to 1995. Following reforms taking effect that year, the national government reassumed some powers, and the role of Premier was replaced by a position of Governor, to be held by the winner of the province-wide seat in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea.

Members of the National Parliament
The province and each district is represented by a Member of the National Parliament. There is one provincial electorate and each district is an open electorate.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Enga Province


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First Taiwan Strait Crisis

The First Taiwan Strait Crisis (also known as the Formosa Crisis, the 1954–1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Offshore Islands Crisis, the Quemoy-Matsu Crisis, and the 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis) was a brief armed conflict between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. The conflict focused on several groups of islands in the Taiwan Strait that were held by the ROC but were located only a few miles from mainland China.

The crisis began when the PRC initiated heavy bombardment on the ROC-held island of Kinmen (Quemoy) in September 1954. Shelling was subsequently extended to the Matsu and Tachen (Dachen) islands. In response, the United States and the ROC agreed to the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty in December 1954. In January 1955, the PRC seized the Yijiangshan Islands. Later that month, the Formosa Resolution was approved by both houses of the U.S. Congress, authorizing President Dwight D. Eisenhower to defend the ROC and its possessions. The U.S. Navy then assisted the Nationalists in evacuating from the Tachen Islands.

The crisis de-escalated in April 1955 after Premier Zhou Enlai articulated the PRC's intention to negotiate with the United States at the Bandung Conference, and in May 1955 the People's Liberation Army ceased shelling Kinmen and Matsu. Ambassadorial-level discussions between China and the U.S. began in Geneva in August 1955. The fundamental issues of the conflict remained unresolved, which led to a new crisis three years later.

Background
The United States recognized Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist (Kuomintang) government as the sole legitimate government for all of China. On January 5, 1950, United States President Harry S. Truman issued a statement that the United States would not become involved in "the civil conflict in China" and would not provide military aid or advice to the Nationalist forces on Taiwan.

As the Korean War broke out, the United States resumed military aid to the ROC and sent the US Navy's Seventh Fleet into the Taiwan Strait.

On 27 June 1950, Truman issued the following statement:

"The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war. It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security. In these circumstances the occupation of Formosa by Communist forces would be a direct threat to the security of the Pacific area and to United States forces performing their lawful and necessary functions in that area.

Accordingly, I have ordered the 7th Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa. As a corollary of this action, I am calling upon the Chinese Government on Formosa to cease all air and sea operations against the mainland. The 7th Fleet will see that this is done. The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United Nations."

President Truman later ordered John Foster Dulles, the Foreign Policy Advisor to U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson, to carry out his decision on "neutralizing" Taiwan in drafting the Treaty of San Francisco of 1951 (the peace treaty with Japan), which excluded the participation of both the ROC and the PRC. Each self-claimed legitimate government of China was excluded from the treaty because the question of China's legitimate government remained unresolved after World War II and the Chinese Civil War, and this was considered an intractable sticking point in otherwise comprehensive and multilaterally beneficial peace negotiations.

Japan ceded control of Taiwan in the treaty but did not specify a recipient for Taiwan's sovereignty. This situation has been used by supporters of Taiwan independence to argue for their position that the sovereignty status of Taiwan was undetermined, despite the Japanese having already agreed to return Taiwan to Republic of China through their Instrument of Surrender signed at end of the War. According to the author George H. Kerr, a supporter of Taiwanese independence, in his book Formosa Betrayed, the political status of Taiwan was under the trust of the Allied Powers (against Japan). It would be the responsibility of the United Nations if this could not be resolved in near future as designed in the peace treaty.

The ROC Nationalist Government (now based in Taiwan) maintained as its goal the recovery of control of mainland China, and this required a resumption of the military confrontation with the Red Chinese. Truman and his advisors regarded that goal as unrealizable, but regret over losing China to international communism was quite prominent in public opinion at the time, and the Truman Administration was criticized by anticommunists for preventing any attempt by Chiang Kai-shek's forces to liberate mainland China.

Truman, a member of the Democratic Party, did not run for reelection in the presidential election of 1952, even though he was eligible to do so. This election was won by the Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, a General from World War II.

On 2 February 1953, the new president lifted the Seventh Fleet's blockade in order to fulfill demands by anticommunists to "unleash Chiang Kai-shek" on mainland China, hence the Kuomintang regime strengthened its Closed Port Policy of the aerial and naval blockade on foreign vessels on Chinese coast and the high seas, whereas the privacy activities intensified in the summer 1953 after Joseph Stalin's death and the Korean Armistice Agreement till summed up to 141 interference incidents as per the Royal Navy escort reports.

The CIA briefing on 13 July 1954 for the White House and NSC indicated the shipping insurance increasement across the South China Sea after the Tuapse Incident on 23 June, and certain international liners being deterred midway at Singapore, or had to change plans. The PLA Air Force moved in the Hainan Island to clear another transport route through Yulin and Huangpu ports, but accidentally shot down a Douglas DC-4 (VR-HEU) airliner of the Cathay Pacific Airways with 10 deaths on 23 July, then 2 US aircraft carriers, Hornet and Philippine Sea arrived for a rescue mission on 26 July and shot down 2 PLAAF Lavochkin La-11 fighters. On 2 August, Commander of PLA in the Central Military Commission (CMC), Peng Dehuai convened an executive meeting to establish the tactical command on the East China Military Region as per CMC chairman Mao Zedong's directive to open another front from the north.

The conflict
In August 1954, the Nationalists placed 58,000 troops on Kinmen and 15,000 troops on Matsu. The ROC began building defensive structures and the PRC began shelling ROC installations on Kinmen. Zhou Enlai, PRC premier responded with a declaration on 11 August 1954, that Taiwan must be "liberated." He dispatched the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to the area, and it began shelling both Kinmen and the Matsu Islands.

Despite warnings from the U.S. against any attacks on the Republic of China, five days before the signing of the Manila pact, the PLA unleashed a heavy artillery bombardment of Kinmen on September 3, during which two American military advisers were killed. Mao Zedong sought to avoid United States involvement in the conflict and gave repeated orders that the PLA should avoid engaging with the American forces off the coast. In November, the PLA bombed the Tachen Islands. This renewed Cold War fears of Communist expansion in Asia at a time when the PRC was not recognized by the United States Department of State. Chiang Kai-shek's government was supported by the United States because the ROC was part of the United States' policy of containment of communism which stretched from a devastated South Korea to an increasingly divided Southeast Asia.

The PLA initially planned to attack the Yijiangshan Islands in late 1954, but delayed the attack while American forces were conducting military exercises in that area. On 18 January 1955, the PLA seized the islands. Fighting continued on nearby islands off the coast of Zhejiang, as well as around Kinmen and the Matsu Islands in Fujian. On 29 January 1955, the Formosa Resolution was approved by both houses of the U.S. Congress authorizing Eisenhower to use U.S. forces to defend the ROC and its possessions in the Taiwan Strait against armed attack. The U.S. Navy then assisted the Nationalists in evacuating their forces from the Tachen Islands.

During the crisis, Eisenhower threatened to use nuclear weapons against PRC military targets in Fujian. On 12 September 1954, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended the use of nuclear weapons against mainland China. On 2 December 1954, the United States and the ROC agreed to the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, which did not apply to islands along the Chinese mainland. This treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate on 9 February 1955. In February 1955, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warned the U.S. against using nuclear weapons, but in March, U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles stated publicly that the U.S. was seriously considering a nuclear strike. In response, the NATO foreign ministers warned at a meeting of the alliance against such action. In late March, U.S. Admiral Robert B. Carney said that Eisenhower is planning "to destroy Red China's military potential."

At the April 1955 Bandung Conference, China articulated its Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and Premier Zhou Enlai publicly stated, "[T]he Chinese people do not want to have a war with the United States. The Chinese government is willing to sit down to discuss the question of relaxing tension in the Far East, and especially the question of relaxing tension in the Taiwan area." A month later, Mao likewise told Indonesian Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo that all problems, including the status of Taiwan, could be resolved through negotiation. The crisis de-escalated, and the United States and China began ambassadorial-level discussions in Geneva on August 1, 1955. Two years of negotiations with the United States followed, and covered many issues, although no agreement was reached on the primary issue, Taiwan.

Aftermath
Some scholars hypothesized the PRC backed down in the face of American nuclear brinksmanship and in light of the lack of willingness by the Soviet Union to threaten nuclear retaliation for an attack on the PRC. Others see the case as an example of effective application of extended deterrence by the United States. On 1 May the PLA temporarily ceased shelling Kinmen and Matsu. The fundamental issues of the conflict remained unresolved, however, and both sides subsequently built up their military forces on their respective sides of the Taiwan Strait leading to a new crisis three years later.

Eisenhower's threats to use nuclear weapons during the crisis prompted Mao to begin China's nuclear program. The first of China's nuclear weapons tests took place in 1964 and its first successful hydrogen bomb test occurred in 1967.

title: First Taiwan Strait Crisis


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The Wind (Warren Zevon album)

The Wind is the twelfth and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon. The album was released on August 26, 2003, by Artemis Records. Zevon began recording the album shortly after he was diagnosed with inoperable pleural mesothelioma (a cancer of the lining of the lung), and it was released just two weeks before his death on September 7, 2003. The album was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album, and "Disorder in the House", performed by Zevon with Bruce Springsteen, won the Grammy for Best Rock Vocal Performance (Group or Duo). Songs from the album were nominated for an additional three Grammys.

Recording and release
Upon learning of his cancer diagnosis, Zevon became determined to record a final studio album. His record label gave him a large budget to record, and he got assistance from several high-profile musicians and friends. Zevon was inspired to include a Bob Dylan cover after Dylan performed several of his songs in concert in 2002.

Critical reception
The record was regarded by Robert Christgau as "one of those nearness-of-death albums", along with Mississippi John Hurt's Last Sessions (1972), Bob Dylan's Time Out of Mind (1997), Neil Young's Prairie Wind (2005), and Johnny Cash's American VI: Ain't No Grave (2010).

Personnel
Adapted credits from the liner notes of The Wind.

 * "Dirty Life and Times"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals and acoustic guitar
 * Ry Cooder – guitar
 * Jorge Calderón – bass guitar
 * Don Henley – drums
 * Billy Bob Thornton – backing vocals
 * Dwight Yoakam – backing vocals

 * "Disorder in the House"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Jorge Calderón – bass guitar, acoustic guitar and percussion
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * Bruce Springsteen – electric guitar and backing vocals

 * "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Jorge Calderón – backing vocals, bass
 * Brad Davis – electric guitar and backing vocals
 * Steve Gorman – drums
 * Randy Mitchell – slide guitar and backing vocals
 * Tommy Shaw – 12-string acoustic guitar and backing vocals
 * Billy Bob Thornton – backing vocals
 * John Waite – backing vocals

 * "Numb as a Statue"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals and piano
 * Jorge Calderón – bass guitar, maracas and backing vocals
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * David Lindley – lap steel guitar

 * "She's Too Good for Me"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals and acoustic guitar
 * Jorge Calderon – bass guitar
 * Luis Conte – drums and percussion
 * Don Henley – backing vocals
 * Timothy B. Schmit – backing vocals

 * "Prison Grove"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Ry Cooder – slide guitar
 * David Lindley – electric saz and backing vocals
 * Jorge Calderon – electric guitar and backing vocals
 * Reggie Hamilton – upright bass
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * Jordan Zevon – backing vocals
 * Bruce Springsteen – backing vocals
 * Jackson Browne – backing vocals
 * Billy Bob Thornton – backing vocals
 * T Bone Burnett – backing vocals

 * "El Amor de Mi Vida"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Jorge Calderón – Spanish-language vocals
 * Luis Conte – bongos
 * Reggie Hamilton – upright bass
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * James Raymond – piano

 * "The Rest of the Night"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals and electric guitar
 * Mike Campbell – electric guitar
 * Jorge Calderón – bass guitar and electric guitar
 * Luis Conte – drums and percussion
 * Tom Petty – backing vocals

 * "Please Stay"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals and keyboard
 * Gil Bernal – saxophone
 * Jorge Calderón – bass guitar
 * Luis Conte – drums and percussion
 * Emmylou Harris – backing vocals

 * "Rub Me Raw"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Jorge Calderón – electric guitar and bass guitar
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * Joe Walsh – slide guitar

 * "Keep Me in Your Heart"
 * Warren Zevon – vocals
 * Jorge Calderón – acoustic guitar, bass guitar and tres
 * Jim Keltner – drums

 * Technical personnel
 * Bridgette Barr – executive Record producer
 * Hugh Brown – art direction
 * Jorge Calderón – production
 * Steve Churchyard – engineering
 * Greg Hayes – engineering
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * James Mitchell – engineering
 * Matthew Rolston – cover photo
 * Noah Scot Snyder – engineering, mixing, production
 * Joe West – engineering
 * Jordan Zevon – executive production
 * Warren Zevon – production

Awards
Grammy Awards

Grammy Award Nominations

title: The Wind (Warren Zevon album)


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Talk:The Wind (Warren Zevon album)

External Link / Professional Review suggestion
As an editor at Crawdaddy!, and to comply with COI guidelines, I am not posting the link to this new article looking back at Warren Zevon's The Wind. However, I would like to recommend it on its merits, and hope that an editor will find the time to examine the piece and—if he or she sees fit—post it as an external link, or, alternately, to the professional reviews section. I appreciate your time. Crawdaddy! (favorable) Mike harkin (talk) 22:59, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Personnel on the album
I have no way to prove it, which is why I haven't edited it, but I would swear on my decades of obsessing over Bruce Springsteen that he also did vocals on "Prison Grove"... Can someone look into this? It's got that tell-tale sound of his voice in the chorus. It's just a minor edit, but it might call into question the accuracy of the source. ~Jai —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.81.101.181 (talk) 02:00, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

new section
After hearing "Keep Me In Your Heart" in last night's House finale, I've created an "appearances in other media" section, as that song alone has appeared at least 3 times in high profile movies and TV shows. I double-checked the 3 titles I added (to confirm my memory of this song appearing in them), and I'm sure this and other songs from the album have appeared in other movies and TV shows, so I figured it was noteworthy enough to create the section. 50.72.166.225 (talk) 22:36, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
 * It's trivia and its use should be covered in reliable sources, not listed just because it was used in a couple shows or films. -- Star cheers peaks news lost wars Talk to me 20:38, 24 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Most song/album articles indicate if they've appeared in other media. It speaks to the relevance of the music. For example, the article for The Rolling Stones' "Gimme Shelter" contains an extensive section on that song's litany of appearances in movie and TV. What is your justification for removing the section other than you personally deeming it trivial? 50.72.166.225 (talk) 00:51, 15 April 2013 (UTC)

Sources to use
Just using this as a scratchpad for fixing up this article: I'll be back shortly. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 19:23, 27 July 2013 (UTC)
 * http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-08-24/news/0308230270_1_artemis-records-warren-zevon-jorge-calderon
 * http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1477937/singer-warren-zevon-dies-at-56.jhtml
 * http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/warren-zevon-reconsider-me-the-love-songs/706
 * http://www.salon.com/2003/08/26/zevon_2/
 * http://observer.com/2003/08/zevons-the-wind-amazing-testament-to-souls-honesty/
 * http://www.billboard.com/artist/277842/warren-zevon
 * http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/01/1062383506453.html
 * http://www.villagevoice.com/2003-09-09/news/warren-zevon-1947-2003/full/
 * http://www.stylusmagazine.com/review.php?ID=1464
 * http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/zevonwarren-wind2/
 * http://www.avclub.com/articles/warren-zevon-the-wind,11822/
 * http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2003/sep/12/popandrock.shopping7
 * http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/z/warren_zevon/
 * http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Warren+Zevon
 * http://www.discogs.com/Warren-Zevon-The-Wind/release/806865
 * http://www.avclub.com/articles/death-be-not-unproductive-21-inspired-creative-wor,89313/
 * http://www.metacritic.com/music/the-wind/warren-zevon
 * http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1416117
 * http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/music_box/2003/08/hasten_down_the_wind.html
 * http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-wind-mw0000039633

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title: Talk:The Wind (Warren Zevon album)


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Atorox Award

The Atorox Award (Finnish: Atorox-palkinto, Swedish: Atoroxpriset) is the oldest science fiction literature award in Finland. It is given annually to the best science fiction short story. The name "Atorox" comes from the works of Aarne Haapakoski (1904–1961), who was one of the first science fiction writers in Finland. The award is given by the Turku Science Fiction Society but the winner is selected by representatives of the entire Finnish fandom. It has been awarded annually since 1983. Johanna Sinisalo has been given the Atorox Award seven times, more times than any other writer.

Winners
Source:
 * 1983 Antti Oikarinen, "Jumalten vuori"
 * 1984 Eija Elo, "Napoleonin vaihtoviikot"
 * 1985 Pekka Virtanen, "Perinne",
 * 1986 Johanna Sinisalo, "Suklaalaput"
 * 1987 Kimmo Saneri, "Ollin oppivuodet, Aapelin alkuasetelmat"
 * 1988 S. Albert Kivinen, "Keskiyön mato Ikaalisissa"
 * 1989 Johanna Sinisalo, "Hanna"
 * 1990 Ari Tervonen, "Matkalla nurinkäännettyyn avaruuteen"
 * 1991 Johanna Sinisalo, "Punatähti"
 * 1992 Risto Isomäki, "Puu"
 * 1993 Johanna Sinisalo, "Kharonin lautta"
 * 1994 Johanna Sinisalo, "Me vakuutamme sinut"
 * 1995 Atro Lahtela, "Poimu (2 piste 2 viiva 2 piste 8)"
 * 1996 Eeva-Liisa Tenhunen, "Ursa Amanda"
 * 1997 Johanna Sinisalo, "Tango merellä"
 * 1998 Pasi Jääskeläinen, "Missä junat kääntyvät"
 * 1999 Pasi Jääskeläinen, "Pinnan alla Toiseus piilee"
 * 2000 Pasi Jääskeläinen, "Oi niitä aikoja: elämäni kirjastonhoitajattaren kanssa"
 * 2001 Johanna Sinisalo, "Lentävä hollantilainen"
 * 2002 A.C. Ross, "Sokeat näkevät unia"
 * 2003 Tero Niemi and Anne Salminen, "Ja jumala kutoi mattoja omista hiuksistaan"
 * 2004 Anne Leinonen, "Valkeita lankoja"
 * 2005 Tero Niemi and Anne Salminen, "Matka Reformaan"
 * 2006 Jenny Kangasvuo, "Kaikessa lihassa on tahto"
 * 2007 Anne Leinonen, "Toisinkainen"
 * 2008 Susi Vaasjoki, "Taruntekijä"
 * 2009 Mari Saario, "Kenkänaula"
 * 2010 Heikki Nevala, "Koneesta sinä olet syntyvä"
 * 2011 Anne Leinonen, "Nahat"
 * 2012 Pasi Ilmari Jääskeläinen, "Kirje Lethelle"
 * 2013 Anni Nupponen, "Joka ratasta pyörittää"
 * 2014 Jussi Katajala, "Mare Nostrum"
 * 2015 Maiju Ihalainen, "Terrakotta"
 * 2016 Magdalena Hai, "Kaunis Ululian"
 * 2017 Maiju Ihalainen, "Itkevän taivaan temppeli"
 * 2018 Jenny Kangasvuo, "Musta otsa"
 * 2019 Janos Honkonen, "Sadan vuoden huuto"
 * 2020 Reetta Vuokko-Syrjänen, "Emma Halmin vaihtoehdot kuolemalle"
 * 2021 Reetta Vuokko-Syrjänen, "Neljäs porsas"
 * 2022 Maarit Leijon, "Mustarastas"

title: Atorox Award


text: Talk:Lake Katrine, New York

title: Talk:Lake Katrine, New York


text:
Te Waewae Bay

Te Waewae Bay is the westernmost of three large bays lying on the Foveaux Strait coast of Southland, New Zealand, the others being Oreti Beach and Toetoes Bay. Twenty-seven kilometres in length, the western end of the bay is mountainous, with the southern terminus of the Southern Alps and Fiordland National Park.

Its Māori name reflects the southern chief (rangatira), Te Waewae who resided in the bay for large periods of time.

The small farming town of Orepuki is situated on the cliffs at the eastern end of the bay and the timber town of Tuatapere and Port Craig is located seven kilometres north of the bay, on the banks of the Waiau River, which has its outflow in the bay.

The bay, lining from Sand Hill Point to Pahia Point, is declared as a marine mammal sanctuary and hosts an important habitat for New Zealand fur seals, the endemic Hector's dolphins and one of major winter breeding grounds for southern right whales on mainland coasts. Other species can be seen within the areas, from time to time, include such as humpback whales, orcas, Hooker's sea lions, and leopard seals. Sea Shepherd is conducting annual patrolling named the "Operation Pahu" (Pahu stands for Hector's Dolphins in Māori).

Surrounding lands, both coastal and terrestrial, are home to little blue penguins and Fiordland crested penguins, 25 species of native birds, and the endangered New Zealand long-tailed bats

title: Te Waewae Bay


text:
Strata title

Strata title is a form of ownership and housing tenure devised for multi-level apartment blocks and horizontal subdivisions with shared areas. The word "strata" refers to apartments being on different levels.

Strata title was first introduced in 1961 in the state of New South Wales, Australia, to better cope with the legal ownership of apartment blocks. Previously, the only adequate method of dividing ownership was company title, which had a number of defects, such as the difficulty of instituting mortgages. This term also applies to house-type strata title units in Australia.

Other countries that have adopted the Australian system (or a similar variant) of apartment ownership include: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates. Other countries have legislation based on similar principles but with different definitions and using different mechanisms in their administration.

Strata title schemes are composed of individual lots and common property. Lots are either apartments, garages or storerooms and each is shown on the title as being owned by a lot owner. Common property is defined as everything else on the parcel of land that is not comprised in a lot, such as common stairwells, driveways, roofs, gardens and so on.

In New Zealand
In New Zealand, strata title, commonly called a unit title, is created by the Unit Titles Act 2010. There are 145,000 unit title dwellings in New Zealand.

A unit title can be either a stratum in freehold, where the owners own the underlying land, or stratum in leasehold, where another person owns the land and the body corporate pays rent to that person. As New Zealand uses the Torrens System of indefeasible titles, the title for a unit title has a title for the principal unit, showing the legal description of the principal unit and any accessory units and any legal document registered against those units (called an interest); a Supplementary Record Sheet, showing the rules of the body corporate, its registered address and any interests registered against the underlying land; and the survey plan, which shows the boundaries of the units and the common property.

A person purchasing a unit title purchases a principal unit, which is designed as a place of business or residence; any accessory units included in the title for the principal unit, such as car parks and storage lockers; and a beneficial interest in the common property, such as corridors, air ducts, building structure and entry ways; and membership in the body corporate, which is composed of all unit owners and which legally owns the common property.

Creation of a unit title is a type of subdivision and so requires the approval of the relevant territorial authority under the Resource Management Act 1991, as well as under the Unit Titles Act 2010. A unit plan must be deposited with Land Information New Zealand and new titles issue in respect of each principal unit.

The body corporate is responsible for maintaining the common property and the structure of the building (if this duty is delegated by the owners), and for insuring the common property and the building structure. The body corporate can set rules governing the use of the common property (for example, an owner who causes damage must repair it) and the units (for example, no keeping pets or making noise after a certain time), and for the regulation of the body corporate. These rules must be registered and non-registered rules do not have legal effect. The operations of the body corporate are paid for by levies on all owners. Levies are assigned based on the ownership interest or utility interest of the particular unit. An ownership interest is based on the value of the unit, while a utility interest is either the ownership interest or a proportion that is fair and equitable having regard to the costs and benefits of the unit.

The owners in the unit title development must meet yearly to approve the levies, the financial statements, long term maintenance plan and fund (if any), approve changes to the body corporate rules (if any), and the appointment of the body corporate chairman and committee (if any). The body corporate can delegate most of their duties to the committee of the owners. The body corporate can also enter into service agreements in respect of the administration of the body corporate, usually to a specialist body corporate management firm, and building maintenance, including appointing a building manager. These service agreements must be permitted under the body corporate rules.

A body corporate must have a long term maintenance plan, which provides for maintenance of the common property for at least ten years and an estimate of the costs. The long term maintenance plan is then paid for by the long term maintenance fund, which must be separate from the body corporate general operating fund. However, a body corporate can elect not to have a Long Term Maintenance Fund.

Disputes under the Unit Titles Act are heard in the Tenancy Tribunal.

title: Strata title


text:
Checkwriter

A checkwriter may refer to:

Occupation
A person who physically writes a check or cheque. The check writer is also known as the "payor", "signer", "maker", the drawer, or the "account holder". The signer or presenter of the check, or person who prints and authorizes the check.

In U.S. law, in Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code, codified in most U.S. State statutes, a check is an order (as opposed to a promise) to pay a fixed amount of money, according to §3-104(a).

§3-104(f) specifies that

"Check" means (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft, payable on demand and drawn on a bank; or (ii) a cashier's check or teller's check.

An instrument may be a check even though it is described on its face by another term, such as 'money order.'

Such an order is issued by the drawer.

§3-103(a)(3) specifies that

"Drawer" means a person who signs or is identified in a draft as a person ordering payment.

Machine

A check writer (also known as a "ribbon writer", "check signer", "check protector" or "check embosser"), is a physical device for protecting a check from unauthorized alteration of either the amount or the authorizing signature.

Devices of this type that use various technologies are also known as check protectors, check punches, and check perforators. A check punch punches holes in the shapes of numerals. A check perforator punches small round holes that form numerals.

A check writer, or ribbon writer, leaves a numerical or written value impression in the payment amount field of a check that is very difficult to alter. This is accomplished by the machine applying downward force on the check and leaving very small inked shreds in the paper.

The first check protector was introduced in 1870. The best known check protectors in the early 1900s had the brand name Protectograph (the Todd Company, Rochester, NY). Other well known manufacturers in the industry were F & E Hedman and the Paymaster Company (both out of Chicago, IL).

The person preparing a check positions the check in the check writer so its print-heads are centered over the field on the check where the amount of the check would otherwise be written out in words. Using a series of levers or buttons on the checkwriter's control panel, the operator enters the monetary amount of the check. This amount is then printed onto the check by the operator pulling a lever on the side of the unit (or by pressing a button on electric units). This brings the print-heads down upon a wide inked (usually multicolor) ribbon through which they print the selected amount on the check, with a prefix and suffix to prevent a fraudster from adding extra digits. Entering $6,762.64, for example, will produce text reading "TheSum6762dol's64cts".

There is a series of (usually) horizontal indentations on a pressure bar brought up underneath the check during this process, which matches similar indentations on the print-heads. This embosses the numeric amount through the paper of the check form, strongly discouraging any attempt to alter or raise this amount.

Because physical check writers and ribbon writers are now considered antique, businesses that still need this check protection technology such as a business, or organization which regularly prepares remittances by issuing high-amount checks can use a physical check writing device. Financial institutions regularly use them to prepare cashier's checks, and they are also used by issuers of money orders such as the United States Postal Service. Newer versions are electronic, but many are still made by Paymaster.

Software
Online Check Writer is a cloud-based check printing software. This online application facilitates Check printing of any bank, on any blank Check paper using any printer. The company claims they are integrated with QuickBooks and 16000+ Banks and Financial Institutions. The main advantage of the application is it's easy to detect Fraudulent Checks.

CheckWriter is business software used to accept payments from customers, patients, members or subscribers. Unlike a physical device, the software facilitates check draft demand draft technology, and Check 21 Act regulations to emulate the check writer.

The software prints a physical draft of a customer's checks that a business can then deposit into any U.S. bank the same day. The software has been in circulation since 1996 and operates on a Microsoft Windows PC platform.

Uses for CheckWriter software include bill payment acceptance by phone for insurance companies, hospitals, collections agencies, medical professionals, utilities, loan providers, telemarketers, and almost any other industry that needs to take check payments from customers.

The company claims CheckWriter as their trademark since 1996 in the software industry, according to their publications, prosecution history, and public record.

title: Checkwriter


text: File:Warren Zevon - Life'll Kill Ya.jpg

title: File:Warren Zevon - Life'll Kill Ya.jpg


text:
Talk:Interlaced scanning

The text of this article can be found verbatim at these URLs: http://www.atis.org/tg2k/_interlaced_scanning.html and http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/interlaced%20scanning. I am unsure wether this text is from a standard specification that is part of the public domain, so I haven't flagged it for copyvio, but someone should look into this. --Phils 06:48, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's the text of Federal Standard 1037C which is PD, not copyvio, I think. Key45 22:53, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * and I rewrote it a bit while I merged, I hope that fixes any concerns Key45 23:07, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interlaced scanning


text:
User:Hackwrench

Legal name: Robert Claypool Birthdate: November 29, 1976 11/29/1976 Currently residing in Camby, Indiana, USA.

hackwrench@hotmail.com hackwrench1@gmail.com http://hackwrench.tripod.com

Born and grew up in the United States.

Subpage Editorial stance

Tom Bearden Link:

http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/

Link to a negative stance towards Wikipedia that I intend to address:

http://www.aetherometry.com/antiwikipedia/awp_index.html

Test to extend the area for a Firefox bug. 319732

New Castle, Indiana

title: User:Hackwrench


text:
Toetoes Bay

Toetoes Bay is the easternmost of three large bays lying on the Foveaux Strait coast of Southland, New Zealand, the others being Te Waewae Bay and Oreti Beach. The 240 km Mataura River drains to sea at Toetoes Bay, first passing through the Toetoes Harbour estuary. Thirty kilometres (20 miles) in length, the bay is the southern end of the Awarua Plain, an area of swampy land stretching inland for about fifteen kilometres (10 miles). The eastern end of the bay is close to Slope Point, the South Island's southernmost point, and the western end of the Catlins.

Tiwai Point, with its aluminium smelter, is located on a peninsula at the western end of the bay, on the edge of Bluff harbour. Waituna Lagoon is located halfway along the bay, and towards the eastern end the Mataura River has its outflow into the Foveaux Strait.

The bay gets its name from a 19th-century Māori chief, Toitoi. Whalers named the Waituna Lagoon "Toetoe's Place" and the name was later given to the bay.

title: Toetoes Bay


text:
User:Somebody in the WWW

This is Somebody's user page. Nothing much to see here.

Contributions

 * My contributions (to make a page soon)

title: User:Somebody in the WWW


text:
User talk:Somebody in the WWW

Leave me a new message here

Archives: User talk:Somebody in the WWW/Archive1 User talk:Somebody in the WWW/Archive2

Thank you very much
Thank you very for fixing my mistake on Action Bus i know you are from Canberra. Allso please dont tell me THIS INFORMATION. I know what im doing in here.

there NO need to tell me this Information this information is ""no need to remove content.""

Please dont go it again..

I want make same mistake again and you better fix soon

You need to Do is Just revert with no comment Bye —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.148.180.50 (talk) 04:41, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Thank you very much for warning me again 2
I want to test out information on Action Bus Information

Can you fix my mistake again with out any comment Please.

If you do it I will promise I wont Edit Again on action bus Information.

That a promise good Bye —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.148.180.50 (talk) 05:08, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

RE Three Revert Rule
I dont need to warm me about the Three Revert Rule

I know about this information rule Three Revert Rule

thank for you warning me again mate. allso Please dont Banned me I just want try some thing about on action bus information page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonnymore2008 (talk • contribs) 05:16, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Railway Photos
Thanks for your help - Richmond Line photos are fantastic; Hunter Car interior is appreciated too, as is Wondabyne photo. We'll need to get a better one of Warnervale at some stage but that's fine for the moment. JRG 04:13, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Re your edit to Campbelltown station - South Line trains don't go past Campbelltown (my edit summary was wrong). Only Airport & East Hills Line trains do (even though they travel on the Main South). I've undone the edit. JRG (talk) 09:34, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Line diagrams
Have you tried this piece of software (Spoorstrip.exe) for making line diagrams. (needs Windows though). It is kind of flaky and don't support huge diagrams, but in conjunction with a plain text editor it makes things easier. Wongm (talk) 09:37, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Apologies
Sorry about removing your edit! wasnt linked when I did so and looked to me to be fairly obvious vandalism Epistemos (talk) 01:48, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

WP Computing
Greetings. You are receiving this note as you are a member of this WikiProject. Currently there is not much of activity in the project and I am hoping to revive the project with your help. I have made a few changes to the project page Diff. You are welcome to make suggestions of improvement / changes in the design. I have also make a proposal to AutoTagg articles with WikiProject Computing for the descendant wikiprojects articles also. Please express your opinion here --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 12:58, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Perth-Bunbury Highway
Usually a good idea to propose such a change on the talk page - there is plenty of evidence that the road will be entitled "Perth-Bunbury Highway" upon its opening, and that it is presently known by that name. Some press releases do say "Perth to Bunbury highway" purely in descriptive terms, but no other road anywhere in Western Australia uses that form. However, we did have the Beechboro-Gosnells Highway within Perth (now known as Tonkin Highway), Northam-York Road, Geraldton-Mount Magnet Road (I have a photo in my collection showing this name in full on a road sign) and numerous others especially in rural areas. Orderinchaos 12:57, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

St Michael's Grammar School
Lol, great catch on the Kermit picture! --Jh12 (talk) 12:05, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Adelaide Rail
Hi, you wont have to worry about undoing anything ive added to these again, i'm over that haha. Since ive now been on here a while im learning etc. Thanks LukeNE (talk) 11:03, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Bridgewater railway line, Adelaide
"how could TransAdelaide have run to Balhannah in 2002" - Good question! I assumed that they had a converted-to-standard-gauge passenger setup, (on reflection, extremely unlikely), or that they had "hired" bits of the Overland / Ghan / Indian Pacific / whatever. Now that you've asked your question, I'm curious to see the answer!! Thanks for asking it. Cheers, Pdfpdf (talk) 10:20, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:S121Blacktown.jpg
File:S121Blacktown.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:S121Blacktown.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 11:32, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:AnthonyCallea-Highpoint.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:AnthonyCallea-Highpoint.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

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Replaceable fair use File:4Dpic.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:4Dpic.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

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Non-free rationale for File:Metcard-handyhints.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Metcard-handyhints.gif. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. J Milburn (talk) 09:48, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Metcard-bus-validator.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Metcard-bus-validator.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 23:54, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Other events of 1889 listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Other events of 1889. Since you had some involvement with the Other events of 1889 redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Steel1943 (talk) 03:48, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Salads Plus listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Salads Plus. Since you had some involvement with the Salads Plus redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so.  Taylor Trescott  - my talk + my edits 17:01, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

Fair Use in Australia discussion
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Proposed deletion of File:BlackwoodNight.jpg

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Proposed deletion of File:Telstratowerentry.jpg

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Proposed deletion of File:Swanhillxing.jpg

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Orphaned non-free image File:Neopets-homepage.jpg
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title: User talk:Somebody in the WWW


text:
User talk:Takashi912~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Takashi912. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Takashi912~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:58, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:27, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Takashi912~enwiki


text:
User talk:Hackwrench

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Hi, I see you have found the Ochlocracy page. It looks a little botched. Mr. Tudoreanu doesn't agree with the occurences of the word. We are still discussing it. So, you might find that he will revert it back. Welcome aboard. WHEELER 18:26, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Faster than light
Your article titled "faster than light travel" has been deleted because it wasn't an article at all. Here is the text: ''If you absorb light from all sides, is there no limit to the "speed" you can go? After all, there is no light to clock you. User:hackwrenchRobert Claypool''

You might want to ask this question at the reference desk. Joyous 00:15, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

Some more is at Talk:Faster than light travel. JRM 00:38, 2005 Mar 30 (UTC)

Joseph newman
Besides being wrongly capitalised, this article has little content that would be of use to those wanting to know about this person. I suggest you change the tone of it to make it into an encyclopedia article, otherwise it is liable to be deleted. Deb 17:13, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

War on emotion
It's possible that this article violates the no original research policy. At any rate, it's currently up for deletion, so if you feel it should be kept, you might want to get involved in the discussion there. Friday (talk) 17:10, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Your action of removing content from the emotion page and putting it on a new war on emotion page was inappropriate. The funny thing is that I agree with you that this content represented a limited POV, but we can arrive at that result better through intelligent discussion than through rash provocative deletions and postings. I'd appreciate if you'd take a deep breath and cool your own emotions down a bit before making changes to articles. sallison 20:45, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Hackwrench. I just saw your recent changes to the War on emotion page. I'm very happy to see that you have steered away from what originally seemed like a personal attack on another author and more towards a theme that may (or may not) be accepted as an important theme/idea by others. My initial concern has abated. Many thanks for your efforts in this regard, it is commendable. Best wishes, sallison 08:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Mediation
Hello Hackwrench... I'm Redwolf24 and I am the chair of the mediation committee. I regret to inform you that we are swamped with cases, and every mediator on our committee is busy. However there's good news. WP:TINMC is a mediation alternative. If you're interested in mediation still, file there. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:19, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Mediation on The Andy Griffith Show dispute
Hi there! As a member of the Mediation Cabal, I've taken care of mediation of the issues regarding The Andy Griffith Show. I've already filled myself in the details, but before proceeding, I'd like everyone interested to offer me a (very) brief view of the core dipute before proceeding. Any suggestions and thoughts will be heeded. Regards and hugs,  Sh ' a ' uri   smile!  23:54, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Pseudoscience
Hey, just letting you know that requests for renaming categories should be listed on WP:CfD rather than WP:RM. --Qviri 17:30, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * And when you lose a renaming vote you shouldn't go ahead and create your preferred category anyway. CalJW 20:58, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

For future visitors to this page, I created the category in addition to the category that lost the vote to rename, not to replace it so CalJW's statement is out of line. Hackwrench 17:32, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Comments on RfAr
I saw you made a few comments on my Arb Com statement. I will repsond to those in a couple of days (going somewhere now), but could you please collect them together and make a statement on your own? This is just how it is done on RfAr, otherwise the statements will be very hard to read. -- H eptor  talk 15:45, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, inserting comments within other people's statements on RfAr is prohibited. I have removed Hackwrench's comments (again, noting that Ryan Delaney already did so and Hackwrench reinstated them).  Hackwrench, you are hereby warned not to do this again.  If you continue to disregard the Arbitration Committee's rules on this matter, you may find yourself blocked.   You may add a section of your own to the request for arbitration if you feel you have something to say that the Committee needs to hear. Kelly Martin (talk) 17:16, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Where is the prohibition notice? When Ryan Delaney did it. i had nothing to go on to tell me it was anything more than his personal preference, but now that two people have weiged in I have to give it more credencs. Also I don't see what purpose the prohibition serves. Hackwrench 17:28, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * "This is not a page for discussion, and Arbitrators may summarily remove or refactor discussion without comment." It says so right on top of the Requests for Arbitration page; has for a very long time.  The RfAr page and all subpages thereof are subject to the exclusive authority of the Arbitration Committee.  And since I am an Arbitrator, you had better well give my comment credence, as I have the unquestioned authority to remove discussion from the page at any time.  The purpose of this rule is to make Requests for Arbitration easier to comprehend by the Arbitration Committee, and to reduce the tendency of fights to break out on or within Arbitration pages.  Kelly Martin (talk) 17:58, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Arbitration policy
Arbitration policy was hammered out by the arbitrators during a long process. Please leave it alone. Fred Bauder 20:31, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * You are welcome to make comments on the talk page Fred Bauder 20:57, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Please answer in detail
Why is it fair the 2-letter combinations get their special dis-ambiguation template but letter-number combinations don't?? (Please answer with detail.) Georgia guy 23:27, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

But why?? I see no reason that, if 2-letter combinations are allowed to have their own template, letter-number combinations cannot. How are they different?? Georgia guy 00:34, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Snud change?
Do you know Snud and why the hell did you change a bunch of shit on there I'm this guys cousin!

-- Because it is bound for deletion if serious changes aren't made to the entry to make it read more encyclopedic. Hackwrench 03:46, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Halting problem
Regarding whether "trouble" contains unreachable code: In most languages and systems it is quite easy to put obviously unreachable code in a valid program. But as described above, you can reach the conclusion without ever having to consider how thoroughly the system excludes unreachable code. Gazpacho 08:37, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * If "halt" has a constant result, then it can't be a solution to the halting problem because some programs halt and some don't.
 * If "halt" is not constant, then nothing in "trouble" is a priori unreachable, because the only branch depends on external input.

I've rewritten the proof sketch in an attempt to clear up the confusion. Gazpacho 21:45, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Page protection
Hi Hackwrench,

I semi-protected both your user and user talk pages last night because of a persistent vandal using several IP addresses. When you're back here editing again let me (or another admin) know so we can unprotect, especially the talk page, if you wish. Cheers, Antandrus (talk) 16:00, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

How to add composer to show template?
How do I add the composer to the Andy Griffith show template?Dogru144 00:16, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Internet Channel
I redirected the article back. The content is adequately covered in the article, is pretty much a duplicate of the article, and a version of Opera for the Wii is really not notable. Nevermind. - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:42, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Would you please work on your English? I said nevermind. So basically, you are complaining for NOTHING. Stop being disruptive. - A Link to the Past (talk) 03:20, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * No, it'd fit more in "Nevermind, I changed my mind after looking at other Opera pages, and you need to stop being a bad Wikipedian". Arrogance doesn't become you, especially when you have nothing to be arrogant about.
 * Grow up, kid. - A Link to the Past (talk) 05:01, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Not to a huge jerk, A Link to the Past but you have a history of disruptive edits! --Jonathan Williams 05:06, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Such as calling someone a "sinner" and telling another Wikipedian that they broke a nonexistent policy.
 * Oh, wait, that's someone else involved in this discussion. - A Link to the Past (talk) 05:12, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It'd be keen if you could stop disrupting Wikipedia, thanks. - A Link to the Past (talk) 13:06, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Apology
While I still feel that most of the Wii Channels do not warrant their own articles at this time, I should have conducted myself. However, in the future, I will not "bother" to discuss all merges, merely those that I don't think will be controversial (and will check discussions to make sure there weren't move discussions already). But if I do merge a seemingly uncontroversial article, I will not edit war in a situation where someone unmerges it, but rather, discuss it. I also apologize for any insults, rudeness, or sarcasm. - A Link to the Past (talk) 20:00, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I intended to include insults, sarcasm, and general rudeness, but I must have been too focused on the initial apology. - A Link to the Past (talk) 20:55, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * What? I said I apologized for MY rudeness. What point is there in even continuing this? - A Link to the Past (talk) 21:06, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * ...Okay? See, that is a disruptive act - by intentionally not accepting an apology, you unnecessarily create conflict and that disrupts Wikipedia by forcing both editors to not want to edit Wikipedia with each other. There is nothing in this universe that I can or will do to end this discussion on a good note besides apologize. So if you do not wish to accept it, stop sending messages. I still give it, and do not care if you accept it. As any further messages from you attempting to continue the conflict serve no purpose other than to continue it, they will be removed. - A Link to the Past (talk) 21:24, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Frank Grimes
The problem is that all merge discussions resulted in the idea being shot down. The only action that remains is to AfD it. - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:16, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Discussions have resulted in "no merge", the mergeto tag was removed per those discussions. There's really only one possible option left. - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:56, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman
An article that you have been involved in editing, The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman. Thank you. --BJBot (talk) 21:08, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of The American Enterprise for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The American Enterprise is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/The American Enterprise until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Herp Derp (talk) 22:54, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

April 2017
Your recent editing history at Neuro-linguistic programming shows that you are currently engaged in an edit war. To resolve the content dispute, please do not revert or change the edits of others when you are reverted. Instead of reverting, please use the talk page to work toward making a version that represents consensus among editors. The best practice at this stage is to discuss, not edit-war. See BRD for how this is done. If discussions reach an impasse, you can then post a request for help at a relevant noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, you may wish to request temporary page protection.

Being involved in an edit war can result in your being blocked from editing—especially if you violate the three-revert rule, which states that an editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page within a 24-hour period. Undoing another editor's work—whether in whole or in part, whether involving the same or different material each time—counts as a revert. Also keep in mind that while violating the three-revert rule often leads to a block, you can still be blocked for edit warring—even if you don't violate the three-revert rule—should your behavior indicate that you intend to continue reverting repeatedly.

You might want to read up on this Snowded TALK 03:47, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Hypertime for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Hypertime is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Hypertime until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Shooterwalker (talk) 19:30, 29 June 2020 (UTC)

DYK for Hypertime
— Maile (talk) 00:02, 8 August 2020 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Hackwrench


text:
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis

The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). In this conflict, the PRC shelled the islands of Kinmen (Quemoy) and the Matsu Islands along the east coast of mainland China (in the Taiwan Strait) in an attempt to take control of Taiwan from the Chinese Nationalist Party, also known as the Kuomintang (KMT), and to probe the extent of the United States' defense of Taiwan's territory. A naval battle also took place around Dongding Island when the ROC Navy repelled an attempted amphibious landing by the PRC Navy.

Then U.S. Secretary of State Christian Herter reportedly described the conflict as the "first serious nuclear crisis".

Overview

The conflict was a continuation of the Chinese Civil War and First Taiwan Strait Crisis. The Republic of China (ROC) had begun to build military installations on the island of Kinmen (Quemoy) and the Matsu archipelago. The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) began firing artillery at both Kinmen and some of the nearby Matsu islands.

On 24 and 25 August 1958 Chinese Communist and Chinese Nationalist forces clashed in the vicinity of Dongding Island, which the Nationalist troops controlled. The action was seen as an attempt by the communists to land on the island. This was the only naval and amphibious landing action during the crisis. The communist forces were repelled from taking the island. The action has also been seen as an attempt to draw Nationalist forces away from other areas.

"{…}on the 24th two night naval engagements took place near Quemoy. The clashes resulted from a Chinese Communist attempt at landing on the small island of Tung-Ting in the Quemoy complex. The first attack involved four Chinese Communist gunboats and six small landing craft while the second involved five Chinese Communist gunboats and thirty motorized junks. According to the GRC Ministry of National Defense, several enemy ships were sunk and the attack was driven off by seven Chinese Nationalist Patrol craft. The GRC lost one LSM (landing craft, mechanized) and had one LST (landing ship, tank) damaged. Prior to September 3, when they were advised of U. S. escort plans, the Nationalists made five attempts to land an LST with troop replacements and several ships. These efforts were turned back by Chinese Communist PT boats and artillery fire."

In the days after shelling began, the American Joint Chiefs of Staff had determined to defend the islands even if the defense necessitated a nuclear response. Throughout the following weeks as the crisis continued to unfold, contingency plans were developed as it became clear that the critical issue was supplying Kinmen. In a meeting on 2 September, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles met with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other top officials to formulate an ongoing American strategy. The group determined that the use of nuclear weapons would ultimately be necessary for the defense of Kinmen, but that the United States should initially limit itself to using conventional forces. Throughout the crisis, coordination between American policymakers and military commanders was hampered by communication delays of days at a time, but by September American officials had authorized naval escorts to accompany ROC convoys up to 3 miles off Kinmen and begun to supply the ROC with advanced weapons. The Chinese Communists considered the escorts a violation of the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China. On 19 September, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev sent a letter warning that the American actions threatened world war, claiming that the Soviet Union would be forced to honor its commitments to the territorial integrity of Communist China. The letter was rejected by the American government.

The Eisenhower Administration responded to the request for aid from the ROC according to its obligations in the ROC-United States mutual defense treaty that had been ratified in 1954. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the reinforcement of the U.S. Navy Seventh Fleet in the area, and he ordered American naval vessels to help the Nationalist Chinese government to protect the supply lines to the islands. In addition, the U.S. Air Force deployed F-100D Super Sabres, F-101C Voodoos, F-104A Starfighters, and B-57B Canberras to Taiwan to demonstrate support for Taiwan. The F-104s were disassembled and airlifted to Taiwan in C-124 Globemaster II transport aircraft, marking the first time such a method was used to move fighter aircraft over a long distance.

By 11 September, the artillery crisis was overall stabilized (even though numerous rounds of artillery would still be fired by Communist China almost daily for the next two months or so) because U.S. Navy warships started to escort ROC convoys to Kinmen, breaking the previous artillery blockade due to constant PRC artillery shells that prevented any air or naval relief for Kinmen. The PRC did not want to risk war with the United States so they refrained from firing on any convoys if they observed U.S. Navy ships. The biggest issues in the crisis after September 11 were the air battles and the success or failure of the naval convoys relieving the Kinmen garrison.

Landing units with LVTs from the ROC Marine Corps spent the next few months delivering supplies to the Kinmen Islands, starting from 10 September. Despite continued artillery fire from the PRC, the Marines were able to keep the islands supplied. For this action, the ROC Marines were later awarded a presidential banner from Chiang Kai-shek.

Also, under a secret effort called "Operation Black Magic", the U.S. Navy modified some of the F-86 Sabre fighters of the Nationalist Chinese Air Force with its newly developed early AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. These missiles gave the Nationalist Chinese pilots a decisive edge over the Chinese Communists' Soviet-made MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighters in the skies over the Matsu Islands and the Taiwan Strait. The Nationalist Chinese pilots used the Sidewinder missiles to score numerous kills on People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) MiG aircraft. The operation suffered blowback when one missile lodged in a MiG-17 without exploding, to be removed after landing and reverse-engineered into the Soviet K-13.

The US Army's contribution reinforced the strategic air defense capability of the Republic of China. A provisional Nike missile battalion was organized at Fort Bliss, TX, and sent via USMTS USS General J. C. Breckinridge (AP-176) to Nationalist China. The 2nd Missile Battalion was augmented with detachments of signal, ordnance and engineers, totaling some 704 personnel. In addition, American ambassador Everett Drumwright advocated for a preemptive strike against PRC positions.

Twelve long-range 203 mm M115 howitzer artillery pieces and numerous 155 mm howitzers were transferred from the U.S. Marine Corps to the Army of the Nationalist China. These were sent west to Kinmen Island to gain superiority in the artillery duel back and forth over the straits there.

Soon, the Soviet Union dispatched its foreign minister, Andrei Gromyko, to Beijing to discuss the actions of the PLA and the PLAAF, with advice of caution to the Communist Chinese.

On 24 September 1958 the Sidewinder missile was used for the first time in air-to-air combat as 32 Republic of China F-86s clashed with 100 PLAAF MiGs in a series of aerial engagements. 25 MiGs were shot down by Sidewinders, the first "kills" to be scored by air-to-air missiles in combat. In October more dogfights between ROC and PRC fighter jets occurred and the total airplane casualties during the crisis was 31 PRC MiGs shot down and 2 ROC F-86s shot down.

Soon, the People's Republic of China was faced with a stalemate, as the PLA's artillerymen had run out of artillery shells. The Communist Chinese government announced a unilateral ceasefire on 6 October 1958. However, on 20 October the PLA resumed artillery fire on Kinmen because a U.S. Navy warship had breached the PRC-declared 3 nautical miles exclusive zone from the coast of China that they claimed was a stipulation for their unilateral ceasefire agreement. Another more likely reason for the resumption of the PRC artillery bombardment was U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles had arrived in Taipei to discuss the situation with the ROC government. The overall crisis finished by December 1958 when both the PRC and ROC troops settled into their eccentric alternating odd and even days firing period that lasted until 1979 when the United States and the PRC established diplomatic relations. Because both armies knew exactly what day, what time, and which areas would be attacked by artillery shells (military bases and artillery positions) the PRC and ROC troops were safe from harm due to hiding in bunkers thanks to this gentleman's agreement.

U.S. Marine Corps Marine Air Group 11 stationed at NAS Atsugi, Japan, was sent to Taiwan in March 1960 and landed at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and moved via trucks to Pingtung Air Base about 25 mi north of Kaohsiung. They remained there, conducting air operations from the WWII Japanese air strip until sometime in late April 1960 when they returned to Atsugi, Japan. They were joined at Pingtung by a reinforced rifle company from the Ninth Marines based on Okinawa.

Intermittently shelling until 1979
"On 25 October [the Chinese Communists] … declared that they would not fire on even-numbered days … if there were no American escort." This allowed Taiwan to resupply their military units on those islands on those days. Afterwards, both sides continued to bombard each other with shells containing propaganda leaflets on alternate days of the week. This strange informal arrangement continued until the normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Communist People's Republic of China in 1979. The timed shelling created little damage and casualties; it was mainly aimed at military compounds and artillery pieces. Sometimes during tense diplomatic moments PRC forces would revert to August/September 1958 levels of bombardment, temporarily breaking the normally scheduled non-lethal propaganda artillery shelling. One of these occasions happened in June 1960, when President Eisenhower visited Taipei. During Eisenhower's visit PRC forces fired over 100,000 artillery rounds onto Kinmen within a few days, killing 7 ROC soldiers and wounding 59, while 6 civilians perished and 15 were injured. ROC soldiers withheld their fire until after Eisenhower left Taipei. After his visit they retaliated by firing thousands of artillery rounds of their own onto mainland China from Kinmen. The PRC bombardment damaged 200 homes, five schools and a hospital on Kinmen, showing that during the 20-year period of mostly propaganda leaflets being fired by both sides it was still a very dangerous combat zone until 1979.

The crisis subsided and returned to status quo ante bellum on 2 December when the U.S. Navy secretly and quietly removed their extra warships from the Taiwan Strait and the ROC Navy resumed unilateral combat and escort duties.

On 23 August 2019, the sixty-first anniversary of the beginning of the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, President Tsai Ing-wen visited the Taiwushan martyrs' shrine (太武山忠烈祠) where she placed flowers and offered incense.

During the crisis, American leadership risked the alienation of the American public, relations with key allies such as France and Japan, and even nuclear war. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles argued that while the status quo result was a victory, the American government could not permit such a situation to arise again. Other than the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis from 1995 to 1996 there has been no crisis involving the United States since 1958 in the Taiwan Strait.

title: Second Taiwan Strait Crisis


text:
SPP-1 underwater pistol

The SPP-1 underwater pistol was made in the Soviet Union for use by Soviet frogmen as an underwater firearm. It was developed in the late 1960s and accepted for use in 1975. Under water, ordinary-shaped bullets are inaccurate and very short-range. As a result, this pistol fires a round-based 4.5 mm caliber steel dart about 115 mm long, weighing 12.8 g, which has longer range and more penetrating power than speargun spears. The complete cartridge is 145 mm long and weighs 17.5 g.

Design
The SPP-1 has four barrels, each containing one cartridge. Its ammunition comes as a magazine of four cartridges which is inserted into the pistol's breech.

Its barrel is not rifled; the fired projectile is kept in line by hydrodynamic effects. As a result, it is somewhat inaccurate when fired out of water.

A double-action firing mechanism fires one cartridge sequentially for each pull of the trigger. When all four cartridges are spent, the gun can be reloaded above or below water.

The SPP-1M pistol is essentially the same as the SPP-1, with the following differences:
 * It has an extra spring above the sear to improve the trigger pull.
 * Its trigger guard is larger to accommodate diving gloves.

The weapon was designed by Vladimir Simonov, the cartridge by Pyotr Sazonov and Oleg Kravchenko. Simonov also designed the APS amphibious rifle.

Performance
Depth reduces range because the higher pressure closes the cavity sooner. Once the projectile is no longer supercavitating, hydrodynamic drag increases greatly, and the projectile becomes unstable.

Lethal range is defined as the range from which it can easily penetrate a padded underwater suit or a 5 mm thick glass faceplate.

It is manufactured by TOZ (Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod/ Тульский Оружейный Завод) Tula Arms Plant, and exported by Rosoboronexport, the state agency for Russia's export and import of defense-related products.

Users

 * Georgia -In limited use with special operations forces.
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * Soviet Union
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia

Variants
The SPP-1M has been copied by Iran.

title: SPP-1 underwater pistol