text:
Elspeth Huxley

Elspeth Joscelin Huxley CBE (née Grant; 23 July 1907 – 10 January 1997) was an English writer, journalist, broadcaster, magistrate, environmentalist, farmer, and government adviser. She wrote over 40 books, including her best-known lyrical books, The Flame Trees of Thika and The Mottled Lizard, based on her youth in a coffee farm in British Kenya. Her husband, Gervas Huxley, was a grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley and a cousin of Aldous Huxley.

Early life and education
Nellie and Major Josceline Grant, Elspeth's parents, arrived in Thika in what was then British East Africa in 1912, to start a life as coffee farmers in colonial Kenya. Elspeth, aged six, arrived in December 1913, complete with governess and maid. Her upbringing was unconventional; she was "almost treated as a parcel, being passed from hand to hand". Huxley's 1959 book The Flame Trees of Thika explores how unprepared for rustic life the early British settlers really were. It was adapted into a television miniseries in 1981. Elspeth was educated at a whites-only school in Nairobi.

She left Africa in 1925, earning a degree in agriculture at Reading University in England and studying at Cornell University in upstate New York. She returned to Africa periodically.

Career
Huxley was appointed Assistant Press Officer to the Empire Marketing Board in 1929. She resigned her post in 1932 and travelled widely. Huxley started writing soon after her marriage; her first book, White Man's Country: Lord Delamere and the making of Kenya about the famous white settler, was published in 1935.

Huxley's 1939 book Red Strangers describes life among the Kikuyu of Kenya around the time of the arrival of the first European settlers. The manuscript was sent first to the publisher Macmillan, but Harold Macmillan, then working for the family firm, agreed to publish it only with considerable cuts, including a graphic description of female circumcision. Huxley refused, and the book was published by Chatto & Windus. Huxley remembered: "It was indeed a happy day for me when our future Prime Minister couldn't take clitoridectomy." The book was republished by Penguin Books in 1999 and again by Penguin Classics in 2000; Richard Dawkins played an important role in getting the book republished, and wrote a preface to the new edition.

Her final tally of 42 books included the ten works of fiction and 29 non-fiction books, as well as thousands of pamphlets and articles.

During the Second World War, Huxley was a broadcaster for the BBC.

In 1960, Huxley was appointed an independent member of the Advisory Commission for the Review of the Constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (the Monckton Commission). Although she was initially an advocate of continued colonial rule, she later called for the independence of African nations.

In the 1960s, she served as a correspondent for the National Review magazine.

Huxley was a friend of Joy Adamson, the author of Born Free, and is mentioned in the biography of Joy and George Adamson entitled The Great Safari. Huxley wrote the foreword to Joy's autobiography The Searching Spirit.

Personal life
She married Gervas Huxley, the son of doctor Henry Huxley (1865–1946) in 1931. They had one son, Charles, who was born in February 1944.

Death and legacy
Huxley died on 10 January 1997 aged 89, in a nursing home at Tetbury in Gloucestershire, England.

A collection of twelve boxes of photographs, prints, negatives, contact prints and slides is held at Bristol Archives in the British Empire and Commonwealth Collection. Most of the photographs were taken by Huxley, with the rest collected by her. The collection covers Huxley's whole career (1896-1981) and subject matter includes Kenyan safari landscapes and local people (specifically the Kikuyu people), the Mau Mau uprising, white settlers, Edwardian Mombasa, and a transcript of an oral history interview taken by the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum (Ref. 1995/076). Other collections related to Huxley can be found at the Bodleian Library and Cambridge University Library Department of Manuscripts and University Archives.

Christine S. Nicholls wrote Elspeth Huxley: A Biography, published by Harper Collins in 2002.

Honours

 * Commander of the Order of the British Empire, 1962.

Fiction

 * Murder at Government House (1937)
 * Murder on Safari (1938)
 * Death of an Aryan (U.S.:The African Poison Murders) (1939)
 * Red Strangers (1939) ISBN 0141188502
 * The Walled City (1948)
 * A Thing to Love (1954)
 * The Red Rock Wilderness (1957)
 * The Merry Hippo (U.S.: The Incident at the Merry Hippo) (1963)
 * A Man from Nowhere (1964)
 * The Prince Buys the Manor (1982)

Non-fiction

 * White Man's Country: Lord Delamere and the Making of Kenya (1935)
 * EAST AFRICA (1941)
 * Atlantic Ordeal: The Story of Mary Cornish (1941)
 * African Dilemmas (1948)
 * Settlers of Kenya (1948)
 * The Sorcerer's Apprentice: A Journey Through Africa (1948)
 * I Don't Mind If I Do (1950)
 * Four Guineas: A Journey Through West Africa (1954) - contains facts about slavery in West Africa.
 * No Easy Way: A History of the Kenyan Farmers' Association and UNGA Limited (1957)
 * The Flame Trees of Thika: Memories of an African Childhood (1959)
 * A New Earth: An Experiment in Colonialism (1960)
 * The Mottled Lizard (U.S.: On the Edge of the Rift: Memories of Kenya) (1962)
 * Back Street New Worlds: A Look at Immigrants in Britain (1964)
 * With Forks and Hope: An African Notebook (1964)
 * Brave New Victuals: An Inquiry into Modern Food Production (1965)
 * Their Shining Eldorado: A Journey Through Australia (1967)
 * Love among the Daughters (1968)
 * The Challenge of Africa (1971)
 * The Kingsleys: A Biographical Anthology (1973)
 * Livingstone and His African Journeys (1974)
 * Florence Nightingale (1975)
 * Gallipot Eyes: A Wiltshire Diary (1976)
 * Scott of the Antarctic (1978)
 * Nellie: Letters from Africa (1980)
 * Whipsnade: Captive Breeding for Survival (1981)
 * Last Days in Eden aka De Laatsten in de Hof van Eden (1984) with Hugo van Lawick
 * Out in the Midday Sun: My Kenya (1985)
 * Nine Faces of Kenya: Portrait of a Nation (1990)
 * Peter Scott: Painter and Naturalist (1993)

title: Elspeth Huxley


text:
Talk:April Fools' Day Request for Comments

Funny Ha-ha or Funny Strange?
"RFC 852 - ARPANET short blocking feature" - "I don't get it."

(More humorous RFCs collected at zvon.org, although they're not all 1 April.)

JTN 19:46, 2004 Oct 3 (UTC)

yeah, i'm pretty sure 852 is a real rfc
 * Yup, it's real. Those of us who had to work with IMPs and the 1822 family of connection protocols had to cope with all sorts of stuff like message blocking and Distant Hosts. RossPatterson 16:51, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

"RFC 4042 - UTF-9 and UTF-18 Efficient Transformation Formats of Unicode" - "I don't get it."
 * Mark Crispin is inscrutable. UTF-9 and UTF-18 have been proposed on several occasions, and 36-bit words are a traditional DEC system configuration - the "native" characterset of the PDP-10 was called "sixbit" and was packed six characters to the word.  Crispin is one of a small group of TOPS-20 enthusiasts, and has famously run it at home for many years.  I strongly suspect he arranged for this RFC to be published on 1 April 2005 as a meta-joke - he was, after all, the author of the first April 1st RFC! RossPatterson 17:42, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * RFCs are always dated by month and year, they never include the day. If you look at RFC 4040 you'll see it's dated "April 2005" - without the day.  Likewise, RFC 4043 is dated "May 2005" with no day.  There's one exception: if it's an April 1st joke, it'll be dated "1 April (year)".  So RFC 4042 is indeed an April 1st joke, and RFC 852 is not (as it's dated "April 1983" and not "1 April 1983"). — Xenoveritas 18:50, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, would that that were true. Yes, the intentionally humorous RFCs are dated "1 April yyyy" on purpose, but if you go back far enough, all RFCs had actual dates.  Once the net got large enough that RFC publication became a "process", the dates became months because authors couldn't predict the publication date.  After that, the Internet Standard Practice of "anything we do more than twice is a tradition" kicked in, and now RFCs don't have dates, even though today's RFC Editor does more than just stick the file unchanged onto a file server.
 * Short of dropping Crispin a line, we'll never know, and he's been known to carry a joke on for years with a straight face, so even that might fail. "Relaxen und vatch das blinkenlites."
 * RossPatterson 01:10, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Examples of April 1st non-humourous RFCs include 0112 (1971), 449 (1973), 777 (ICMP!) and 779 (1981), 852 (1983), 893-895, 898 and 905 (ISO TP - if only it had been a joke!) (1984), 940-941, and 943 (1985), 982-983 (1986), 999 and 1004 (1987), 1050, and 1052-1053 (1988), 1095, and 1100-1101 (1989), 1147 and 1151-1154 (1990), 1200, 1214, 1218, 1219, and 1221 (1991). After that, they all seem to be jokes. RossPatterson 06:38, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Link suggestions
An automated Wikipedia link suggester has some possible wiki link suggestions for the April_1st_RFC article, and they have been placed on this page for your convenience. Tip: Some people find it helpful if these suggestions are shown on this talk page, rather than on another page. To do this, just add to this page. — LinkBot 10:34, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * None of them look interesting. RossPatterson 06:40, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

All the April Fools RFCs, plus the non-April funny RFCs, plus commentary, was published in 2007 by Peer-To-Peer. As the co-editor it would be egotistical of me to add a link to the book, but if others feel it is noteworthy I'd appreciate someone linking to it. Here it is on Amazon so you can snarf the ISBN. My co-editor is the historian Peter Salus. Thanks! -Tom Limoncelli —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.26.49 (talk) 02:26, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

william shakespere
anyone know the real author of the rfc attributed to him? Plugwash 22:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Anon! The vile knave could not foreswear his attribution, albeit well-hid:

Author's Address William Shakespeare Globe Communications London, United Kingdom Any suggestions that this, or any other work by this author, might be the work of a third party such as C. Marlow, R. Bacon, or  C. Partridge or based on a previously developed theme by   P.V. Mockapetris are completely spurious.
 * "Craig, Craig, wherefore art thou Craig Partridge? Deny thy father and refuse thy name" But at least he gave Paul Mockapetris some credit!  RossPatterson 00:29, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

2006?
Where there any joke RFCs posted for 2006? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.150.149.226 (talk • contribs) 00:33, 2 April 2006
 * Apparently not. RossPatterson 06:39, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

2007?
Anything for 2007? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.211.195.204 (talk) 01:42, 2 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Nope. RossPatterson 02:58, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * ...RFC 4824 being entirely realistic and serious, obviously. ;) JTN 11:03, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Not my fault if the RFC editor missed the deadline! :-) RossPatterson 12:01, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

What is This?
A layman such as myself could read this page from start to finish and still not know what this is all about. Could somebody perhaps provide a more descriptive opening paragraph? Cheers. Swindon LS12 (talk) 10:29, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

2008?
No one for 2008 yet? --83.177.111.37 (talk) 16:12, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Hm isn't the 2008 joke one http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5242.txt ? or are there two? --83.177.111.37 (talk) 20:05, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Broken RFC Links?
Seems all of the RFC's that are linked to are returning 404's, with the amount listed here, and elsewhere, would some regex wizard be able to relink them correctly? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.67.21.200 (talk) 05:25, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I just checked a few of them at random, and they're working fine. RossPatterson (talk) 12:37, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

2010 IETF-NG submission
http://tech.slashdot.org/story/10/04/01/156206/IETF-Drops-RFC-For-Cosmetic-Carbon-Copy discusses an IETF-NG Informational-Draft about an Internet enhancement, Cosmetic Carbon Copy. If it's appropriate, it'd be nice to add that here. (I'm a co-author on that IETF-NG document.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.140.110.121 (talk) 19:50, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Doesn't warrant an article. Should be merged => Request_for_Comments and List_of_RFCs
The contents of this article should be put in the Request for Comments article. Also List of RFCs, if not already done. April Fools' Day Request for Comments should redirect to Request for Comments. As per Notability.

137.124.161.31 (talk) 01:43, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on April Fools' Day Request for Comments. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120327234338/http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc-editor/instructions2authors.txt to https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc-editor/instructions2authors.txt

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text:
Palnatoke

Palnatoke or Palnatoki, sometimes written Palna-Toki or Palna Toki (Old Norse: Pálnatóki or Pálna-Tóki ), was a legendary Danish hero and chieftain of the island of Fyn. According to the Jómsvíkinga saga, Palnatoki founded the brotherhood of Jomsvikings and established its laws.

According to the Jómsvíkinga saga, he was the son of Palner Tokesen and his wife Ingeborg who was the daughter of the Geatish earl Ottar Jarl. Palnatoke raised king Harald Bluetooth's son Sweyn Forkbeard and was a staunch supporter of the old pagan faith. Harald Bluetooth had allowed Christian missionaries from the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen missionary in Denmark and the king himself was baptized once between 960 and 965. Palnatoke convinced Sweyn to wage war on his father. In the mid-980s, Sweyn revolted against his father and seized the throne. Harald was driven into exile and died shortly afterwards. According to some accounts, Palnatoki himself slew Harald. In addition to religious motives, he may have been taking revenge for the death of his grandfather, Jarl Ottar, who was killed when Harald invaded Götaland.

Saxo Grammaticus relates how Palnatoke (Toko) was forced by King Harald to use a single arrow to shoot an apple from his own son's head as the boy ran downhill. The legendary motif of the great archer forced to shoot an apple from his son's head appears among other Germanic nations, as the story of Egil in the Þiðrekssaga, William of Cloudesley in an English ballad, Hemming Wolf in Holstein, Puncher in an Upper Rhenish legend in Malleus Maleficarum, and most famously William Tell in Switzerland.

The name has been interpreted in two different ways. The first is as an alternate Old Norse patronymic meaning "Palni's (or Palnir's) (son) Tóki". The other is as a nickname meaning "Shaft-Toki" or "Toki the Archer".

Adaptations
Palnatoki was the subject of works by two influential Danish authors of the early nineteenth century. Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger wrote a tragedy called Palnatoke in 1809. N. F. S. Grundtvig wrote a tale called Palnatoke in 1804 and in 1809–11 a two-volume work of poetic drama, Optrin af Kæmpelivets Undergang i Nord ("Episode of the Downfall of the Fighting Life in the North"), which deals with Palnatoki and Sigurð and was intended as part of a massive poetic work projected to consist of dramatised historic episodes and retellings of sagas spanning a thousand years from the coming of Odin and "Asatru" to Scandinavia through the legends of the Völsungs and Nibelungs until the fall of the Jomsborg with Palnetoki's death, and the victory of Christianity.

title: Palnatoke


text:
Talk:Traction

All I have here so far is a set of keywords that revolve around the concept of traction.

The idea is to use it as an tool for connecting easy-to-understand direct object lesson to advance one's mathdumb

Radio station
Traction is a radio station; http://www.tractionradio.com/ Well, it's more like a music streaming platform... though I suck at writing articles... 213.64.150.116 15:12, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

I added it to the list - still need some cleanup...

wondering
how do you decide what goes first on the list with multiple pages for one word, such as this? Casemods 21:46, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Surface area does affect traction.
Hello user SurfaceArea. You made some changes diff saying that traction is not affected by surface area, but traction is affected by surface area. Here's how. The coefficient of friction (COF) is not constant across all magnitudes of normal force. The COF increases as the magnitude of normal force decreases. Increasing surface area decreases normal force, which increases the COF, which increases the maximum static friction available, which is traction. I decided not to undo your changes since some of your new information is good. I encourage you instead to go back and rework your changes, merging back in the old stuff that explained this correctly. These links mention the change of COF with normal force.          It took me a while to collect them. I hope you can use them. Good luck. -- Another Stickler (talk) 07:38, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Traction


text:
Persian berry

Persian berry, also called Avignon berry or French berry, is the fruit of the Avignon buckthorn (Rhamnus saxatilis), a species of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow (see Pinke).

title: Persian berry


text:
Kerry Zavagnin

Kerry Zavagnin (born July 2, 1974) is an American former professional soccer player who is an assistant coach with Sporting Kansas City. A defensive midfielder, he spent most of his career with Kansas City Wizards of Major League Soccer. He made 21 appearances for the United States national team.

Early career
Zavagnin went to and played soccer for Detroit Catholic Central High School.

He played his college soccer at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1992 to 1995, where he registered 22 goals and 24 assists in 76 games. Upon graduating, Zavagnin joined the Raleigh Flyers of the USISL, one of the two major outdoor second divisions in US soccer, for their 1996 season.

Professional career
Zavagnin was born in Plymouth, Michigan. After one year with the Flyers, he was drafted 21st overall with the first pick of the third round in the 1997 MLS Supplemental Draft by the Colorado Rapids. Before playing a single game for the Rapids, however, Kerry was traded to the New York/New Jersey MetroStars, in exchange for Peter Vermes. Zavagnin played 1743 minutes for the Metros in 1997 and 1998, and did not acquit himself well, playing himself out of MLS. In 1997, the MetroStars sent him on loan to the Long Island Rough Riders of the USISL.

Zavagnin joined the Lehigh Valley Steam of the A-League for the 1999 season. After one season in the A-League, Zavagnin returned to MLS after being drafted 30th overall in the 2000 MLS SuperDraft by the Kansas City Wizards. Zavagnin quickly established himself with the Wizards, playing 2743 minutes at midfield for a team that would both go on to win the MLS Cup, and was one of the best defensive teams in the league's history. Zavagnin remained an important contributor to the Wizards for the next six years, playing a quiet defensive role, and establishing himself as one of the better, though also one of the least recognized, midfielders in the league.

In 2004, Zavagnin began to be recognized among the league's elite. He won a lot of praise for running the Wizards midfield, and was named to the MLS Best XI. In eight years in the league, Zavagnin scored five goals and added 20 assists in regular season play.

Zavagnin received 21 caps for the U.S. national team, making his debut October 25, 2000, against US arch-rival Mexico.

In August, 2008, Zavagnin announced that he would retire at the end of the season.

Career statistics
As of July 25

Honors
Kansas City Wizards
 * MLS Cup: 2000
 * Supporters' Shield: 2000
 * U.S. Open Cup: 2004

Individual
 * MLS Best XI: 2004
 * Major League Soccer All-Star Game: 2004
 * Sporting Legend: Class of 2016

title: Kerry Zavagnin


text:
User:MacGyverMagic/Contributions/Jun-Sep

June 3, 2004

 * Paper Computer Game - edited layout.
 * Walter Grimshaw - added Category:Chess to article.

July 8, 2004

 * Net flux - wikified and suggested incorporation in membrane

September 14, 2004
--> Check User:213.152.33.154 for similar contributions.
 * MV Ancylus - wikified, removed dic def style.
 * Tintin (character) - tightened text, cut repetitive words and clauses.

September 16, 2004

 * A-amylase - copyedit for non-encyclopedic language, wikified and stub notice added.

September 21, 2004
Some minor work, some anonymous due to forgetting to login.
 * Vademecum - wikified reference
 * Nick Toons and Cmp - substub notice added
 * ODRL - added substub notice and did some formatting
 * Submitted Bathing for cleanup (notice also added in article)
 * isotonic - some bolding done.
 * Kindergarten Cop - copyedited/wikified/NPOV'ed
 * Survivor: Vanuatu - added headings and moved paragraph
 * Scream 2 - added headings and rearranged some text

September 23, 2004
Still needs expansion and fact checking.
 * Area 51 - added Tomb Raider reference under Pop Culture heading.
 * Mu Dong - tightened text, added stub notice, category, and some formatting.
 * Dcinside - copyedited for non-encyclopedic language and formatted
 * Added Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 as an upcoming event at Wikipedia's Current Events Page. (November 20 - Lillehammer, Norway)
 * Expanded text about I dream in the S Club 8 article and added Category:Popular music artists.
 * Minor edits in Alex Rider.
 * Added category:Entrepeneur to Donald Trump.
 * Copyedited Nui Gong

September 24, 2004

 * Ultimax - rewritten given info in wikistyle, added to categories.
 * Kumite - headings, wikification and category added.
 * Goodnight Mr Tom - made article out of substub.
 * Upsala Nya Tidning - created sub-stub from contextless oneliner/wikified.
 * Panzers - added sub-stub notice and cat.
 * Ensiferum - formatted and wikified.
 * Infant mortality in the 20th century - wikified, added stub notice.
 * Automatic Summarization - copyedited, formatted.
 * Science driver - wikified, minor rewording.
 * Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine - formatted sub-stubbed.
 * Changed my signature to [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 13:48, Sep 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Added following news item to Current events:
 * Scientists announce that they have deciphered the complete DNA sequence of Legionella pneumophila, one of the bacteria that causes Legionnaires' Disease. (BBC)

September 25, 2004

 * Rapilly - added sub-stub notice. Needs expansion with French info.
 * Legionellosis - added yesterday's news info to article.

September 26, 2004

 * Cuvette - small copyedit.
 * Pat Metheny - moved external links to bottom of the page.

September 27, 2004
(Most from Wikipedia Cleanup)
 * Stringfellow Barr - added category, formatted and wikified.
 * Mike May - rearranged text, added substub notice, reference to Guardian article and son's name.
 * Football (soccer) - minor wikification.
 * Francis Bacon - moved line on his death to end of life section.
 * 28 days later - added IMDB link.
 * Capping inversion - added substub notice.
 * Ultras - complete overhaul.
 * William von Eggers Doering - wikified, reworded and added substub notice.
 * Added Westeinde, Amsterdam in the Netherlands to the List of famous cemetaries.
 * Verodiano award - formatted, reworded, wikified, added stub notice.
 * Vicky Brago-Mitchell - made heading and named links.
 * Glossodynia - reworded, formatted.

September 28, 2004

 * Organizational behaviour - formatted.
 * Caropi - formatted (later submitted for speedy deletion).

September 29, 2004
Patrolled Cleanup and Special:Newpages and submitted several articles for speedy deletion.
 * The Black Seeds - wikified instruments.
 * Sukkur - copyedited, wikified. Requested split.
 * Dhabawallah - created page on Indian lunch carrier. (submitted to DYK) --is duplicate of dabbawala (September 30, 2004)
 * Stan Alves - cleaned, and added stub notice.
 * Juggernaut (comics) - copyedited.
 * Katherine Tynan - added heading, wikified.
 * Ehud Segev - moved to proper page formatted, and substubbed. (submitted to Cleanup)
 * Lion man - added category and wikification.
 * Dallas Observer - wikified and added 2 categories.
 * Inventor added nl-link and changed category to "science occupations".
 * Hirudotherapy - formatted and tagged.
 * Cheetos - wikified cheese.


text:
Jason LaRue

Michael Jason LaRue (born March 19, 1974) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who played for the Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Royals and St. Louis Cardinals.

Biography
A native of Bulverde, Texas, after being selected in the fifth round of the 1995 Major League Baseball Draft out of Dallas Baptist University, LaRue debuted with Cincinnati on June 15, 1999, and became Cincinnati's starting catcher in 2001. 2005 was his best overall season with 14 HR, 60 RBI, and .260 batting average.

LaRue agreed to a two-year, $9.1 million contract with the Cincinnati Reds on December 20, 2005. On November 20, 2006, LaRue was traded to the Kansas City Royals for a player to be named later. Since a player could not be agreed upon, the Royals opted to send the Reds cash considerations in the amount of one dollar.

On Mother's Day, May 14, 2006, LaRue was one of more than 50 hitters who brandished a pink bat to benefit the Breast Cancer Foundation. He was also one of a handful of players to hit a home run with a pink bat.

On November 19, 2007, he signed a one-year contract with the St. Louis Cardinals as the backup to Yadier Molina. During the season, he was used primarily for his defensive ability as his hitting stats had dwindled. LaRue re-signed with the Cardinals following the 2008 season for one year.

LaRue returned to the Cardinals for 2010, his third season with the team. On August 10, 2010, he suffered a concussion caused by a kick to the head by the Cincinnati Reds' Johnny Cueto, during a bench-clearing brawl. On August 19, LaRue was placed on the 60-day disabled list, ending his season.

The concussion was initially thought to be slight, but LaRue experienced severe post-concussion symptoms. On September 18, LaRue announced his retirement from Major League Baseball. He told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that his symptoms were so severe that he'd been ordered to go back to his home in San Antonio, where he lived during the offseason because he was in no condition to be left alone. He could not drive or cook for himself for a time, could not watch television or even ride in a car as a passenger with his eyes open. He'd suffered close to 20 concussions dating to his days as a high school football and baseball player, and doctors told him that as a catcher he was vulnerable to a concussion that was at least as severe as the one he'd suffered in the brawl.

LaRue was known throughout his career to be a defensive specialist. In 2001, he led the major leagues with a 61% caught-stealing percentage, and he has a career 39% caught-stealing percentage.

Personal
LaRue lives in Blanco, Texas, with his wife Heather, and three sons: Tyler, Dylan, and Brayden. He has a brother, Shaun LaRue and two sisters, Tricia Maynard and Brooke Albert.

title: Jason LaRue


text:
Fructooligosaccharide

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) also sometimes called oligofructose or oligofructan, are oligosaccharide fructans, used as an alternative sweetener. FOS exhibits sweetness levels between 30 and 50 percent of sugar in commercially prepared syrups. It occurs naturally, and its commercial use emerged in the 1980s in response to demand for healthier and calorie-reduced foods.

Chemistry
Two different classes of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) mixtures are produced commercially, based on inulin degradation or transfructosylation processes.

FOS can be produced by degradation of inulin, or polyfructose, a polymer of D -fructose residues linked by β(2→1) bonds with a terminal α(1→2) linked D -glucose. The degree of polymerization of inulin ranges from 10 to 60. Inulin can be degraded enzymatically or chemically to a mixture of oligosaccharides with the general structure Glu–Frun (abbrev. GFn) and Frum (Fm), with n and m ranging from 1 to 7. This process also occurs to some extent in nature, and these oligosaccharides can be found in a large number of plants, especially in Jerusalem artichoke, chicory and the blue agave plant. The main components of commercial products are kestose (GF2), nystose (GF3), fructosylnystose (GF4), bifurcose (GF3), inulobiose (F2), inulotriose (F3), and inulotetraose (F4).

The second class of FOS is prepared by the transfructosylation action of a β-fructosidase of Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus  on sucrose. The resulting mixture has the general formula of GFn, with n ranging from 1 to 5. Contrary to the inulin-derived FOS, not only is there β(1→2) binding but other linkages do occur, however, in limited numbers.

Because of the configuration of their glycosidic bonds, fructooligosaccharides resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes. In the colon they are fermented by anaerobic bacteria. In other words, they have a lower caloric value, while contributing to the dietary fiber fraction of the diet. Fructooligosaccharides are more soluble than inulins and are, therefore, sometimes used as an additive to yogurt and other (dairy) products. Fructooligosaccharides are used specially in combination with high-intensity artificial sweeteners, whose sweetness profile and aftertaste it improves.

Food sources
FOS is extracted from the blue agave plant as well as fruits and vegetables such as bananas, onions, chicory root, garlic, asparagus, jícama, and leeks. Some grains and cereals, such as wheat and barley, also contain FOS. The Jerusalem artichoke and its relative yacón together with the blue agave plant have been found to have the highest concentrations of FOS of cultured plants.

Health benefits
FOS has been a popular sweetener in Japan and Korea for many years, even before 1990, when the Japanese government installed a "Functionalized Food Study Committee" of 22 experts to start to regulate "special nutrition foods or functional foods" that contain the categories of fortified foods (e.g., vitamin-fortified wheat flour), and is now becoming increasingly popular in Western cultures for its prebiotic effects. FOS serves as a substrate for microflora in the large intestine, increasing the overall gastrointestinal tract health. It has also been proposed as a supplement for treating yeast infections.

Several studies have found that FOS and inulin promote calcium absorption in both the animal and the human gut. The intestinal microflora in the lower gut can ferment FOS, which results in a reduced pH. Calcium is more soluble in acid, and, therefore, more of it comes out of food and is available to move from the gut into the bloodstream.

FOS can be considered a small dietary fibre with (like all types of fibre) low caloric value. The fermentation of FOS results in the production of gases and short chain fatty acids. The latter provide some energy to the body.

Side-effects
All inulin-type prebiotics, including FOS, are generally thought to stimulate the growth of Bifidobacteria species. Bifidobacteria are considered beneficial bacteria. This effect has not been uniformly found in all studies, either for bifidobacteria or for other gut organisms. FOS are also fermented by numerous bacterial species in the intestine, including Klebsiella, E. coli and many Clostridium species, which can be pathogenic in the gut. These species are responsible mainly for the gas formation (hydrogen and carbon dioxide), which results after ingestion of FOS. Studies have shown that up to 20 grams/day is well tolerated.

US FDA regulation
FOS is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

NZ FSANZ regulation
The Food Safety Authority warned parents of babies that a major European baby-formula brand made in New Zealand does not comply with local regulations (because it contains fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)), and urged them to stop using it.

EU regulation
FOS use has been approved in the European Union; allowing addition of FOS in restricted amounts to baby formula (for babies up to 6 months) and follow-on formula (for babies between 6 and 12 months). Infant and follow-on formula products containing FOS have been sold in the EU since 1999.

Canadian regulations
FOS is currently not approved for use in baby formula.

title: Fructooligosaccharide


text:
User talk:Jdonaldson

Hi, I thought your aditions to William Kent were fantstic, however it needs to be incorporated into the original article, or else the original deleted and yours replace it, as your offering is more informative. I would be happy to edit it, but I feel this is probably your subject and you may have a lot more to write, its impossible to get to 'in-depth' so please wade in and sort it. If you don't its possible somebody who knows less will, which would be a pity. If you need any advice just hit my talk page - Giano 19:59, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jdonaldson


text:
WPZE

WPZE (102.5 FM) is a commercial Christian radio station licensed to Mableton, Georgia, and serving Metro Georgia. It is owned by Urban One and airs an urban gospel radio format. Studios and offices are at Centennial Tower in Downtown Atlanta.

The effective radiated power (ERP) is 3,000 watts, making it a Class A FM station. The transmitter is in Southwest Atlanta, off Fairburn Road SW, near I-285.

New Mableton Broadcasting Corp.
The station is the result of Docket 80-90, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) plan to allow more stations on the air by reducing the required spacings. During the mid-1980s, it was decided that one of these new stations would be assigned to the west-northwest side of metro Atlanta. Several applicants requested the new allotment be assigned to one of four cities: Mableton, Lithia Springs, Douglasville, and Forest Park. The frequency already belonged to WGHR in Marietta, the student radio station at what is now Southern Polytechnic State University. However the forced downgrade to second-class status left the class D station vulnerable. It applied for the new allotment and to have it reserved to Marietta and as noncommercial but the FCC refused this, leaving WGHR with no chance of upgrading. The remaining contenders applied in 1988, and had a lengthy battle in court. After many years of legal wrangling over the frequency, the station came on the air in 2001, forcing WGHR at SPSU to move to 100.7, and then off the air completely due to WWWQ's move-in on 100.5.

The station on 102.5 was assigned the call sign WAWE on November 24, 1997 during its construction permit. The New Mableton Broadcasting Corporation had the FCC's permission to construct the station.

WAMJ "Grown Folks Radio"
On June 27, 2001, the station was then assigned the call letters WAMJ just before it went on the air. The call sign was moved from 107.5 FM, which then upgraded to a Class C3 station and took on the call sign WJZZ-FM, adopting a Smooth Jazz format. The Urban AC format from then-"Majic 107.5", which originated three years before, came along also, although the "Majic" nickname was never used throughout WAMJ's tenure on 102.5, and took on a more oldies approach to R&B. (Competitor WALR did this same tactic in 2003, but only because WFOX (now WSRV) was an experimental urban station for a few years.)

In April 2004, Radio One acquired the New Mableton Broadcast Corporation for approximately $35 million. Radio One operated 102.5 FM under a local marketing agreement (LMA) beginning in August 2001. Radio One then completed this acquisition during the fourth quarter of 2004, under the name ROA Licenses (Radio One Atlanta Licenses), which also owned WJZZ-FM, WPZE, and WHTA.

In October 2005, the station changed format to Urban Adult Contemporary with the addition of current R&B and soul songs, but moved back to an older playlist several months later. The station was branded as "Grown Folks Radio." When attempts to secure broadcasting rights to the popular syndicated Tom Joyner Morning Show failed, WAMJ began carrying The Steve Harvey Show in the mornings. It also carried syndicated talk programming including Al Sharpton program and Michael Baisden during the midday and afternoon hours. Evenings and weekends remained dedicated to music.

WPZE "Praise 102.5"
WPZE originated its current format in 2001 on 97.5 FM. On February 16, 2009, "Praise 97.5" and the WPZE call letters moved to 102.5 FM; in turn, the urban AC format moved to 107.5 FM. On the same date, 97.5 FM changed to a simulcast of 107.5 FM, using the call sign WUMJ. At this time, the WAMJ call sign was returned to 107.5 FM (formerly WJZZ-FM) to reunite with the "Majic" branding.

On May 8, 2017, Radio One changed its name to Urban One, to reflect its involvement in many forms of media including radio.

title: WPZE


text:
Pelzer

Pelzer (German, meaning "furrier") is an occupational surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Dave Pelzer, author
 * Jacques Pelzer (1924–1994), Belgian musician
 * Richard B. Pelzer, author
 * Teresa Pelzer (1825–1852), noblewoman buried in the Cerasi Chapel

title: Pelzer


text:
Talk:Michael Ammar

Need of reinforcememts
hey. list of ammar's publications including dates and publishers. and some more background and bakcup for why we shoudl think he is aparently suchs a big deal for the stubbie writeer... Tiksustoo 23:17, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

information which needs to be sourced
Ammar was born in Logan, West Virginia, and is the youngest of four children.

His interest in magic began when he read a comic book and noticed an advertisement which read "500 tricks for 25 cents!". Ammar sent his quarter and received a catalog. He began ordering tricks and practicing. Before long, he had a full magic show, complete with doves and a teenage assistant. The community, small as it was, supported him and booked him for local shows for schools and birthdays.

While in college at West Virginia University, Ammar developed friendships with others involved in magic. He began to publish his ideas in the early 1980s, and performed for Johnny Carson, as well as at the Magic Castle.

In 1983, Ammar entered the FISM magic competition and was awarded the Gold Medal for Close-Up Magic. In doing so, he became the second American in the history of the competition to do so.

After winning at FISM, Ammar traveled west and became friends with the great Dai Vernon who became Ammar's mentor throughout the following years.

He has produced over forty video titles, also books and magazines. In 1999 The Magic Magazine named him one of 100 most influential magicians of the century.

Michael Ammar was the 2008 special guest at Sorcerers Safari Magic Camp.

Okip (formerly Ikip) 18:18, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Advertisement
"recognized worldwide as one of the greatest living magicians" - really? What a claim.

Just where are the sources to support this claim? There is one tiny link to his own university alumni site which in the first place isn't even working and which, moreover, is not exactly what I'd consider "worldwide recognition".

This broken link is also the only "source" to support most of the other stuff in the article. Which makes it what it is: pure advertisement. --93.212.236.116 (talk) 14:55, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Michael Ammar


text:
Bad Boys II

Bad Boys II is a 2003 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, and sequel to the 1995 film Bad Boys, in addition to the second film in the Bad Boys film series. Martin Lawrence, Will Smith, Theresa Randle, and Joe Pantoliano reprise their roles from the previous film. New cast members include Jordi Mollà, Gabrielle Union, and Peter Stormare. The film follows detectives Marcus Burnett and Mike Lowrey investigating the flow of illegal drugs going into Miami.

Bad Boys II was released on July 18, 2003. It received generally negative reviews from critics, with the Rotten Tomatoes consensus describing it as "two and a half hours of explosions and witless banter"; however, it performed well commercially, grossing $273 million worldwide, becoming the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2003. Two sequels, Bad Boys for Life and Bad Boys: Ride or Die, were released in 2020 and 2024, respectively.

Plot
Eight years after taking down Fouchet, Miami PD detectives Mike Lowrey and Marcus Burnett are investigating drug trafficking of ecstasy in Miami. They infiltrate a Klan meeting, only to discover that they are buyers, not distributors. After a radio malfunction leads to a delayed arrival of the Miami Police's Tactical Narcotics Team (TNT), Mike and Marcus end up in a shootout with the Klansmen. Marcus inadvertently sustains a gunshot wound to the buttocks from Mike.

These antics reinforce Marcus' doubt about whether he should remain partners with Mike, who secretly dates Syd, Marcus' younger sister. Unbeknownst to both Marcus and Mike, Syd is working undercover for the DEA as a money launderer to a branch of the Russian mafia operating in Miami's drug trade. They are distributors working with drug lord Hector Juan Carlos "Johnny" Tapia.

After laundering a large sum of money, Syd is intercepted by a Haitian Zoe Pound gang while she is transporting the money. Mike and Marcus, working on a tip from an informant, had been following the Haitians. This leads to an extensive gun battle and car chase through Miami and across the MacArthur Causeway, resulting in significant collateral damage. Mike and Marcus are reprimanded by Captain Howard, who is further miffed to find out the DEA is running an investigation in the city without consulting him first.

Mike and Marcus track down the Haitians, interrogate the leader, and learn from one of their video cameras that Tapia is using a local mortuary as a front for his operations. To gain more intel, the officers pose as pest exterminators responding to a rat infestation at Tapia's Miami residence. Meanwhile, Tapia begins a mixed business-personal relationship with Syd, wherein he intends for her to launder all the money for his operation.

Later, Mike and Marcus infiltrate Tapia's mortuary. Inside, they discover that Tapia is using cadavers and coffins to smuggle drugs and money in and out of the country. The evidence is sufficient for Captain Howard to authorize a raid on both Tapia's residence and the mortuary, in collaboration with the DEA and the U.S. Coast Guard.

Nearly all of Tapia's drug supply and money are confiscated in the raid, though Tapia flees to Cuba with Syd as a hostage, having found out about her being a DEA agent during the raid on Tapia's home, before he could be apprehended.

Tapia uses Syd as a bargaining chip, demanding the return of his money in 48 hours. Mike and Marcus form a black-ops team with agents from the DEA, TNT, and Captain Howard's contacts from the CIA to rescue Syd. The team is inserted by the Coast Guard a few miles off the coast of Cuba, where they rendezvous with fellow officer Vargas’s brother, Tito, who is head of the local Alpha 66 underground resistance there. He assists the teams with weapons, a tunnel network, and an accurate mapping of Tapia's new mansion.

The team raids Tapia's mansion, rescues Syd, and leaves a large explosive device that demolishes the mansion upon the team's exfiltration. Marcus, Mike, Syd, and Tito steal a yellow Hummer H2 as they escape from Cuban military forces.

Tapia survives and pursues the group, ultimately ending up outside of Guantanamo Bay. Not recognized as U.S. citizens, the Navy personnel on the base shoot at both Mike and Marcus as well as Tapia's vehicles, prompting them to stop just as they enter a live minefield. Marcus kills Tapia while the latter holds Mike at gunpoint. Tapia's body falls backward onto a mine, which obliterates his corpse.

Mike, Marcus, and Syd celebrate at a barbecue in Marcus' backyard with his family; Marcus has decided to remain partners with Mike.

Development and writing
In August 1995, The Los Angeles Times reported that Producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson were planning to make a sequel to Bad Boys, with filming set to begin in 1996.

Writer/Director Tom Dey had re-written a previous draft, and was set to make his directorial debut on the film.

By 1997, plans were scrapped after Sony executives were dissatisfied with the script.

Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris turned down an offer to direct the film.

Cormac and Marianne Wibberley were asked by an executive at Jerry Bruckheimer Films to come in with a idea for the sequel, the duo wrote a first draft, pitched it, and Bruckheimer liked it.

In March 2002, it was reported that Ron Shelton was rewriting the script.

Jerry Stahl was hired and did a rewrite on Shelton's script, initially brought on board for a week-long rewrite of the script, he wound up staying on for several weeks, Stahl would later claim that only snippets of his dialogue remain in the film.

John Lee Hancock was then hired by the studio and Bruckheimer to do a rewrite, Bay initially balked at Bruckheimer's choice of Hancock, skeptical that the writer was right for an action movie, as Bruckheimer recalled: "I reminded Michael that John was a director himself, so he knows a director’s problems and how to solve them". Hancock was tasked with making the script less simplistic, in addition to adding subplots, and more conflict, giving each protagonist a secret. Hancock left after three weeks to start production on The Alamo.

Judd Apatow was hired to do a rewrite on the script, with assistance from Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, according to Rogen, him and Goldberg were broke, so Apatow gave them a bit of money to help him on the script, they ended up contributing a few gags.

After Apatow's rewrite, Brian Koppelman and David Levien were brought in towards the end of shooting to do punch up work on the characters, they worked on the script for a week.

Other writers, such as Ron Bass, Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, Larry Ferguson, George Gallo, Tony Gilroy, Dan Gordon, Brian Helgeland, Gregory Allen Howard, Todd Robinson, and Marshall Todd were brought in at various points throughout the developmental process to either write their own draft, or rewrite the script.

The final screenplay would be credited to Ron Shelton and Jerry Stahl, with story credit going to Shelton and the Wibberleys.

Filming
Principal photography took place between July and December 2002, mostly in Miami. The eastbound lanes for MacArthur Causeway were shut down in early August 2002 to allow filming. Filming also occupied one side of Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, while 2 Fast 2 Furious was shot on the other side around the same time.

Box office
Bad Boys II was a financial success. For its opening weekend, the film generated $46.5 million, making it the fourth-highest opening weekend for an R-rated film, behind The Matrix Reloaded, Hannibal and 8 Mile. It managed to beat out Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl to reach the number one spot. Although Bad Boys II dropped into third place behind the latter film and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over with a 52.6% decline, it still made $22 million while keeping above Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life and Seabiscuit. In the UK, it made $10 million, making it the country's second-highest-grossing film released in October 2003, behind Finding Nemo. The film made $138 million North America and $135 million in other territories, totaling $273 million worldwide against a budget of $130 million, almost twice the gross of the original film, and was the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2003.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Bad Boys II holds an approval rating 24% based on 186 reviews, with an average rating of 4.1/10. The site's critical consensus states, "Two and a half hours of explosions and witless banter." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, same as the first film.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one out of a possible four stars, especially offended by one scene involving a teenage boy and the use of the N-Word, saying, "The needless cruelty of this scene took me out of the movie and into the minds of its makers. What were they thinking? Have they so lost touch with human nature that they think audiences will like this scene?" On an episode of At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, film critic Richard Roeper named Bad Boys II the worst film of 2003.

James Berardinelli of ReelViews was even more negative about the film, rating it half a star out of four and stating: "Bad Boys II isn't just bad - it's a catastrophic violation of every aspect of cinema that I as a film critic hold dear."

Among the more positive reviews was Seattle Post-Intelligencer critic Ellen A. Kim, who wrote that the film was "mindlessly fun... If you like this type of movie, that is." The film was also praised by a few critics and viewers for its deftly handled action sequences and visual effects.

Accolades
At the 2004 MTV Movie Awards, the film was nominated for "Best Action Sequence" for the inter-coastal freeway pursuit and "Best On-Screen Team", but lost to The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and 50 First Dates, respectively.

Bad Boys II was nominated at the 2nd Annual Visual Effects Society Awards (VES) for "Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Motion Picture".

At the 2003 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film won the award for Worst Sequel. It was also nominated for Most Intrusive Musical Score, but lost to Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle.

Controversy
In retrospect there has been criticism of director Michael Bay for the then 15 year old Megan Fox in a scene at a strip club as a dancer, covered in water and portrayed suggestively, Megan Fox in an interview had criticised Michael Bay for this ““At 15! I was in 10th grade. That’s kind of a microcosm of how Bay’s mind works” in an interview, later on this caught some media attention and criticism

Later on Fox commented on the situation “when it comes to my direct experiences with Michael, and Steven (Spielberg) for that matter, I was never assaulted or preyed upon in what I felt was a sexual manner. I’m thankful to all of you who are brave enough to speak out and I’m grateful to all of you who are taking it upon yourselves to support, uplift, and bring comfort to those who have been harmed by a violent and toxic societal paradigm.”

Video game
A video game version of the film, known as Bad Boys: Miami Takedown in North America, was released in 2004 on the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube and Windows. Originally planned for release in late 2003 (to tie in with the film's DVD release), the game was pushed back several months. The game failed to deliver any sort of sales or critical acclaim due to poor development; it was given low ratings from many game websites.

Sequel
In June 2008, Bay stated that he may direct Bad Boys III, but that the greatest obstacle to the potential sequel would be the cost, as he and Will Smith demand some of the highest salaries in the film industry. By August 2009, Columbia Pictures had hired Peter Craig to write the script for Bad Boys III. In February 2011, Martin Lawrence reiterated that the film was in development. In June 2014, Bruckheimer announced that screenwriter David Guggenheim was working on the storyline for the sequel. Two months later, Lawrence said a script had been written and parts had been cast. By June 2015, director Joe Carnahan was in early talks to write and possibly direct the film. Two months later, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that Bad Boys III would be released on February 17, 2017, and that additional sequel, Bad Boys IV, is scheduled for release on July 3, 2019. On March 5, 2016, the film was pushed to June 2, 2017. Producers planned to begin production in early 2017. On August 11, 2016, the film was pushed back once again to January 12, 2018, to avoid box office competition with the upcoming DC Comics film Wonder Woman, and retitled Bad Boys for Life. Lawrence revealed on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that filming may start in March 2017. On February 6, 2017, it was announced that the film's release date has been delayed for the third time, to November 9, 2018. On March 7, 2017, Carnahan left the movie due to scheduling conflicts. In August 2017, Sony removed the third film from their release schedule and later in the month Lawrence said the film would not be happening.

In February 2018, it was reported that a sequel film was again being planned and will be directed by Belgian directors Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah, after development on Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F stalled, with Martin Lawrence and Will Smith reprising their roles. Joe Pantoliano also reprised his role as Captain Howard. Filming began in January 2019.

Television series
In October 2017, a spin-off television series centered on Gabrielle Union's character, was announced to be in development by Brandon Margolis and Brandon Sonnier. Later that month NBC ordered the pilot episode of the series. By March 2018, Jessica Alba was cast as the co-star with Gabrielle Union. In addition to Union, John Salley will also reprise his role as Fletcher, a computer hacker who helps Mike and Marcus in the film series. The following month, the title of the series was revealed as LA's Finest, with Jerry Bruckheimer serving as executive producer for the series. Later that month, NBC passed on the pilot, and the show was shopped around to other networks. NBC's boss, Bob Greenblatt, said: “These are all tough calls. We did have an embarrassment of riches. And when we laid out the schedule and the calendar all season...it was a show that didn’t fit in the grand scheme of it.”

That same month, it was revealed that Sony Pictures Television, was negotiating with Charter Communications about picking up the series. By June 2018, Canada's Bell Media picked it up for 13 episodes. Charter gave its series order on June 26, intent on making it Spectrum's first original series.

Home media
Bad Boys II was released on VHS and DVD on December 9, 2003 by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment. A Blu-ray release followed on November 10, 2015. Bad Boys II was included in a two film collection that includes the first film which was released on Ultra HD Blu-ray on September 4, 2018.

title: Bad Boys II


text:
Himachal Kranti Party

Himachal Kranti Party (Himalayan Revolution Party), a political party in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. HKP was formed after the 1998 state assembly elections, when two Himachal Vikas Congress members of the assembly, Mansa Ram and Prakash Chaudhary, split to form HKP. HKP merged with Bharatiya Janata Party in 1999.

A party with the same name contested the 1993 state assembly elections.

title: Himachal Kranti Party


text:
David Testo

David Testo (born August 7, 1981) is an American retired soccer player who, after his playing career ended in 2011, became the first male American professional player of that sport to come out as gay. Testo played professionally from 2003 to 2011, including two years in with the Columbus Crew from 2004 to 2005. He began his career with the Richmond Kickers, and also played for the Vancouver Whitecaps and Montreal Impact before he was released by the Impact in 2011. He played collegiately for South Carolina and North Carolina.

College
After a standout prep career at Asheville, North Carolina's TC Roberson High School, where he was named the North Carolina state player of the year in 1998, Testo played his first and second years of college soccer at the University of South Carolina, where he registered six goals and 11 assists in 33 games. After his sophomore season, Testo moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he emerged as a major force, helping lead the Tar Heels to an NCAA Championship his junior season. Testo was named to the All-ACC second team both his seasons at UNC, after scoring 11 goals and six assists as a junior, and seven goals and nine assists as a senior.

Professional
Upon graduating from college, Testo went undrafted in the 2003 MLS SuperDraft despite his experience with the youth U.S. national teams. Testo signed with the Richmond Kickers, with whom he made an immediate impact, playing in 28 games and scoring six goals. For his performance, Testo was named the A-League's 2003 Rookie of the Year.

After his performance in the A-League, he joined the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer. Due to many injuries, Testo was sidelined; however, he received more action in 2005. After ending that season with a goal and multiple assists, Testo was released. He then signed with the Vancouver Whitecaps.

He was named Newcomer of the Year and was second in team scoring (seven goals, seven assists) behind Joey Gjertsen (13 goals, seven assists) while playing both as a striker and in his preferred midfield positions equally well. Testo assisted on both Whitecaps goals scored in the final five minutes of OT in the USL semifinal match on September 24 when the Caps defeated Montreal 2–0 to earn a spot in the USL championship game against Rochester on September 30.

The Whitecaps became the first team in USL history to win a championship game on the road as they withstood a fifteen-minute all-out attack by the Rhinos to start the game and then dominated their hosts to win 3–0 before 10,000 partisan and rain-soaked fans. The 'Caps scored 11 goals and only surrendered one (on a free kick) in five playoff games and one OT period. Vancouver's second goal in this game was a result of Testo's pass to Gjertsen who one-timed it to a charging Tony Donatelli; Tony held on for an interminable two seconds before powering it home to the back of the net. Testo earned an assist on the final goal with a pass to Matondo who scored easily to end all doubt. Testo started celebrating by running into the stands to hug his mother who had come up from North Carolina to join a small but vocal contingent of Whitecaps supporters.

Testo was traded to the Montreal Impact on July 26, 2007, along with Joey Gjertsen for Alen Marcina, and Zé Roberto. He recorded his first goal for Montreal on August 1, 2007, against Carolina Railhawks. During the 2008 USL season Testo played in 20 matches for the Impact, and scored one goal against Miami FC on July 18, 2008. In the 2008 Canadian Championship he appeared in all four matches for the Impact, and scored a goal in 2–0 victory over the Vancouver Whitecaps. He helped the Impact qualify for the first time for the CONCACAF Champions League by winning the Canadian Championship. During the club's playoff run Testo scored in the quarterfinal match against Portland Timbers.

During the 2009 USL season Testo contributed by helping the Impact clinch a playoff spot under new head coach Marc Dos Santos. He recorded his first playoff goal in the quarterfinal match against Charleston Battery. The match resulted in 2–1 victory for the Impact, and allowing the Impact to advance to the finals by winning their second match on aggregate. Montreal would advance on to the finals where their opponents would end up being the Vancouver Whitecaps, thus marking the first time in USL history where the final match would consist of two Canadian clubs. In the final Testo helped the Impact win the series 6–3 on aggregate. The victory gave the Impact their third USL Championship and also the victory marked Testo's second USL Championship. On October 6, 2009, Testo received the Giuseppe-Saputo Trophy, presented to the Impact's Most Valuable Player during the team's 2009 awards banquet. On November 30, 2009, Testo signed a new two-year deal with the club.

Testo was released by Montreal on October 12, 2011.

In 2019, he appeared in Standing on the Line, a documentary film about homophobia in sports by Paul-Émile d'Entremont.

Personal life
In an interview on French Canadian public broadcaster Radio Canada that was aired on November 10, 2011, Testo announced he was gay and that his family, friends, teammates, and team management were aware of his sexuality. Testo became the first American professional soccer player to come out as gay.

Testo is a member of the advisory board for You Can Play, a campaign dedicated to fighting homophobia in sports.

Honors
Vancouver Whitecaps
 * USL First Division Championship: 2006

Montreal Impact
 * USL First Division Championship: 2009
 * Voyageurs Cup: 2007, 2008

title: David Testo


text:
Pemberton

Pemberton may refer to:

People

 * Pemberton (surname)

Places
Pemberton is the name of several places:

Australia

 * Pemberton, Queensland, a neighbourhood in Windemere in the Bundaberg Region
 * Pemberton, Western Australia

Canada

 * Pemberton, British Columbia
 * Pemberton Valley, a name for the valley along the Lillooet River in British Columbia that includes the community
 * Pemberton Volcanic Belt

United Kingdom

 * Pemberton, Greater Manchester, a residential area of Wigan
 * Pemberton (ward), an electoral ward of the Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council
 * Pemberton, Carmarthenshire

United States

 * Pemberton, Minnesota
 * Pemberton, New Jersey
 * Pemberton, Ohio
 * Pemberton Heights, New Jersey
 * Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts
 * Pemberton Point, Hull, Massachusetts
 * Pemberton Township, New Jersey

title: Pemberton


text:
Nippon Ichi Software

Nippon Ichi Software, Inc. (株式会社日本一ソフトウェア) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher. The company was founded in 1991 and has developed several role-playing video games, most notably the Disgaea and Marl Kingdom series. Its mascot is the penguin-like Disgaea character Prinny.

NIS America, a localization and global publishing branch of the company, was founded in 2003. It originally focused solely on the North American market until being expanded to include Europe and other regions in 2007 and has also published anime.

History
Nippon Ichi Software was founded in September 1991 in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, as an entertainment software company. It was relocated and reincorporated on July 12, 1993. The company has made several acquisitions, mergers, and forming new subsidiaries. In the early 2010s, the company formed Nippon Ichi Software Asia Pte. Ltd and Nippon Ichi Software Vietnam Co., Ltd. In 2016, NIS merged with System Prisma Corporation and acquired developer FOG Inc. In 2012, the company was awarded the Guinness World Record for being the company that released the most strategy RPGs.

The company has developed a number of traditional role-playing video games. Many characters from previous games make their way into later games as secret characters, even though their respective games may not be directly connected. Their flagship franchise, Disgaea, takes place in the same universe.

Nippon Ichi Indie Spirits
Nippon Ichi Indie Spirits, a label under which the company localises non-Japanese indie games for the Japanese market, was formed on December 28, 2016. The label's first games, Nidhogg, Back to Bed, and Emily Wants to Play, were released in February 2017. All games that are published through this program are only released digitally.

NIS America
NIS America, a localization and global publishing branch of Nippon Ichi Software, was founded on December 24, 2003. Based in Santa Ana, California, it originally focused solely on the North American market until being expanded to include Europe and other regions in 2007. The branch was the result of the company's wish to focus on international publication of their works in the United States, given the increased popularity of their games outside of Japan. Prior to 2003, NIS games were released in English by contracted publishers. Some of the company's more well-known releases include entries in the Atelier, Ys, and Trails series, among others.

Personnel
Takehito Harada (原田 たけひと) is a chief executive officer of Studio ToOefuf and video game artist employed by Nippon Ichi whose art has been featured in video games such as Disgaea, Phantom Brave, Makai Kingdom, and Fate/Grand Order. His art style has been described as "crazy and bizarre" and features everything from demon children, to freaky pigs in royal clothing. His signature character, Pleinair, has appeared in Disgaea and Phantom Brave.

title: Nippon Ichi Software


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Bringing Down the House

Bringing Down the House may refer to:

 * Bringing Down the House (book), a 2003 book by Ben Mezrich
 * Bringing Down the House (film), a 2003 American comedy
 * Bringing Down the House (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the film
 * "Bringing Down the House" (The Apprentice), an episode of the U.S. version of The Apprentice
 * "Bringing Down the House", an episode of Supa Strikas
 * Bringing Down the House, a 2009 NZWPW New Zealand Tag Team Championship event

title: Bringing Down the House


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Lemovii

The Lemovii were a Germanic tribe, only once named by Tacitus in the late 1st century. He noted that they lived near the Rugii and Goths and that they had short swords and round shields.

The Oksywie culture is associated with parts of the Rugii and Lemovii. Also, the Plöwen group (Plöwener Gruppe) of the Uecker-Randow region is associated with the Lemovii.

The archaeological Dębczyn group might comprise the remnants of the Lemovii, probably identical with Widsith's Glommas, who are believed to have been the neighbors of the Rugii, a tribe dwelling at the Baltic Sea coast in today's Pomerania region before the migration period. Both "Lemovii" and "Glommas" translate to "the barking". Germanic sagas report a battle on the isle of Hiddensee between king Hetel (Hethin, Heodin of the Glommas) and Rugian king Hagen, following the abduction of Hagen's daughter Hilde by Hetel. Yet, there are also other hypotheses about the location of the Lemovii, and that their identification as Glommas, though probable, is not certain.

The Lemovii have also been equated with Jordanes' Turcilingi, together with the Rugii with Ptolemy's Rhoutikleioi, also with Ptolemy's Leuonoi and with the Leonas of the Widsith.

title: Lemovii


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Jack Jewsbury

Jack Jewsbury (born April 13, 1981) is a retired American soccer player who played primarily as a midfielder. Upon his retirement in 2016, Jewsbury was one of ten players to have appeared in more than 350 matches in Major League Soccer.

Youth and college
Jewsbury was born in Joplin, Missouri. He attended Kickapoo High School in Springfield, Missouri, where he scored a state record 59 goals in his senior season and 124 goals in his four-year high school career. He was named First-team All-Midwest Region, All-State, All-District, All-Ozark Conference and conference Player of the Year as a senior, and was a three-time All-District and All-State selection, before having his #21 jersey retired.

Jewsbury played five years of college soccer at Saint Louis University, finishing his career tied for tenth on the school's all-time scoring list with 101 points. Jewsbury was twice named first team All-Conference USA, winning the Conference Player of the Year award as a sophomore. During his college years, he also played with Kansas City Brass in the Premier Development League.

Kansas City Wizards
Jewsbury was drafted 43rd overall in the 2003 MLS SuperDraft by the Kansas City Wizards, and signed to a developmental contract. As a rookie, Jewsbury struggled for playing time, appearing for only 61 minutes all season. In July and August 2003, the Wizards sent Jewsbury on loan to the Syracuse Salty Dogs of the USL A-League. In his second year, however, Jewsbury played much more, becoming a significant utility player for the Wizards. That year he helped the club capture the 2004 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup and the Western Conference title. He continued to progress with the club and soon became a very influential player for Kansas City. In eight years with the club, the central midfielder would appear in 195 league matches and score 14 goals.

Portland Timbers
Jewsbury was traded to the Portland Timbers for allocation money on March 1, 2011. Jewsbury was given the captain's armband, becoming the expansion side's first captain in MLS. Jewsbury was named to the 2011 MLS All-Star Game, finishing the season with career highs in both goals and assists. In the 2012 season, Jewsbury scored the winning goal as Portland defeated the Vancouver Whitecaps to win the Cascadia Cup trophy. As his playing time declined, Jewsbury was named "club captain" as other players took over the role of on-field captain. Jewsbury appeared in all of the Timbers' playoff games during his tenure with the club, including the Timbers' victory in MLS Cup 2015.

Retirement
Jewsbury announced his retirement in September 2016, during the annual "Stand Together" community outreach banquet hosted by the Timbers and the Portland Thorns. Several players, including long-time teammate Darlington Nagbe, expressed their appreciation of Jewsbury.

After retiring, Jewsbury was hired by the Timbers in a non-playing capacity as Director of Business Development.

Club

 * Kansas City Wizards
 * Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup (1): 2004
 * Western Conference (playoffs) (1): 2004

 * Portland Timbers
 * MLS Cup (1): 2015
 * Western Conference (playoffs) (1): 2015
 * Western Conference (regular season) (1): 2013

Individual

 * MLS All-Star: 2011

title: Jack Jewsbury


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Stanley Lombardo

Stanley F. "Stan" Lombardo (alias Hae Kwang; born June 19, 1943) is an American Classicist, and former professor of Classics at the University of Kansas.

He is best known for his translations of the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Aeneid (published by the Hackett Publishing Company). The style of his translations is a more vernacular one, emphasizing conversational English rather than the formal tone of some older American English translations of classical verse. Lombardo designs his translations to be performed orally, as they were in ancient Greece. He also performs the poems, and has recorded them as audio books. In performance he also likes to play the drums, much like Ezra Pound.

Biography
Of Italian ancestry, Lombardo is a native of New Orleans. He has a BA from Loyola University in New Orleans, an MA from Tulane University, and a PhD from the University of Texas (1976). In 1976 he joined the faculty at the University of Kansas, where he served as department chair for fifteen years and taught Greek and Latin at all levels, as well as general courses on Greek literature and culture. He was appointed University of Kansas Honors Program director in 2004.

Lombardo is a Zen master in the Kwan Um School of Zen. Along with his wife, Judith Roitman, who is a retired professor of mathematics at the University of Kansas and a published poet, he was a founding member of the Kansas Zen Center.

Audiobooks and Abridgements

 * The Essential Homer (2000) Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87220-540-6
 * The Essential Iliad (2000) Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87220-542-0
 * Iliad (2006) (Audiobook) Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-08-7
 * Odyssey (2006) (Audiobook) Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-06-3
 * The Essential Iliad (2006) (Audiobook) Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-12-4
 * The Essential Homer (2006) (Audiobook) Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-10-0
 * The Essential Aeneid (2006) Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87220-791-2
 * The Essential Odyssey (2007) Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87220-899-5
 * The Essential Metamorphoses (2011) Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-60384-624-0

title: Stanley Lombardo


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Wenceslas Square

Wenceslas Square (Czech:, colloquially Václavák ) is one of the main city squares and the centre of the business and cultural communities in the New Town of Prague, Czech Republic. Many historical events occurred there, and it is a traditional setting for demonstrations, celebrations, and other public gatherings. It is also the place with the busiest pedestrian traffic in the whole country. The square is named after Saint Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is part of the historic centre of Prague, a World Heritage Site.

Formerly known as Koňský trh (Horse Market), for its periodic accommodation of horse markets during the Middle Ages, it was renamed Svatováclavské náměstí (English: Saint Wenceslas square) in 1848 on the proposal of Karel Havlíček Borovský.

Features

Less a square than a boulevard, Wenceslas Square has the shape of a very long (750 m, total area 45,000 m2) rectangle, in a northwest–southeast direction. The street slopes upward to the southeast side. At that end, the street is dominated by the grand neoclassical Czech National Museum. The northwest end runs up against the border between the New Town and the Old Town.

History
In 1348, Bohemian King Charles IV founded the New Town of Prague. The plan included several open areas for markets, of which the second largest was the Koňský trh, or Horse Market (the largest was the Charles Square). At the southeastern end of the market was the Horse Gate, one of the gates in the walls of the New Town.

The Statue of Saint Wenceslas formerly stood in the middle of Wenceslas Square, near Grandhotel Evropa, it was moved to Vyšehrad in 1879. During the Czech National Revival movement in the Czech lands of Austria-Hungary in the 19th century, a more noble name for the street was requested. At this time the square was renamed and new Statue of Saint Wenceslas was built in 1912.

On 28 October 1918, Alois Jirásek read the Czechoslovak declaration of independence in front of the Saint Wenceslas statue.

During the 1938 May Crisis, the square was the site of massive demonstrations against Nazi Germany's demands for the Sudetenland and the appeasement policies of the First Czechoslovak Republic's allies the United Kingdom and France. Under the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Nazi occupation force used the street for mass demonstrations. During the Prague Uprising in 1945, a few buildings near the National Museum were destroyed. They were later replaced by department stores.

On 16 January 1969, student Jan Palach set himself on fire in Wenceslas Square to protest the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.

On 28 March 1969, the Czechoslovak national ice hockey team defeated the USSR team for the second time in that year's Ice Hockey World Championships. As the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was still under Soviet occupation, the victory induced great celebrations. An estimated 150,000 people gathered on Wenceslas Square, and skirmishes with police developed. A group of provocateurs then attacked the Prague office of the Soviet airline Aeroflot, located on the street. The vandalism served as a pretext for reprisals and the period of so-called normalization.

In 1989, during the Velvet Revolution, large demonstrations (with hundreds of thousands of people or more) were held here.

Wenceslas Square is lined by hotels, offices, retail stores, currency exchange booths and fast-food joints. Many strip clubs also operate around Wenceslas Square. Wenceslas Square is also a popular place to spend the New Year's celebrations, another popular option are terraces near the river. The Christmas markets (Vánoční trhy) are held here every year from early December to the first week of January.

Reconstruction
A reconstruction of the Wenceslas Square has been underway since 2020. The lower part was completed in 2023. Construction of the new upper part (from Vodičkova street) is to begin in June 2024. It will include wider sidewalks, tram tracks, bicycle paths, new alleys and reduction of the space dedicated to motor traffic. Full completion is scheduled for summer 2027. The expected cost is 1.24 billion Czech crowns.

Art and architecture

The two obvious landmarks of Wenceslas Square are at the southeast, uphill end: the 1885–1891 National Museum Building, designed by Czech architect Josef Schulz, and the statue of Wenceslas.

Other significant buildings on the square include:
 * Antonin Pfeiffer and Matěj Blecha's "Palác Koruna" office building and shopping center, #1–2, 1912–1914, with architectural sculpture by Vojtěch Sucharda
 * Ludvík Kysela's "Lindt Building", No. 4, an early work of architectural constructivism
 * the BAŤA shoe store, No. 6, 1929
 * Matěj Blecha and Emil Králíček's "Adam Pharmacy", No. 8, 1911–1913
 * Jan Kotěra's "Peterka Building", No. 12, 1899–1900
 * Pavel Janák's "Hotel Juliš", No. 22, 1926
 * Alois Dryák's "Hotel Evropa", #25–27, 1872, 1905 redesign, with architectural sculptor Ladislav Šaloun
 * Antonin Wiehl's "Wiehl House", No. 34, 1896
 * the "Melantrich Building", No. 36, 1914, where Alexander Dubček and Václav Havel appeared together on its balcony in November 1989, a major event of the Velvet Revolution
 * "Hotel Adria", No 26, reconstruction in 1912, in 1918 sold to František Tichý, Burian's Theatre (1925–1928)

Transport
The Prague Metro's line A runs underneath Wenceslas Square, and the Metro's two busiest stations, Muzeum (lines A and C) and Můstek (lines A and B), have entrances on the street. Currently trams only cut across the square. Tram tracks running the length of the square were removed in 1980; a proposal to reintroduce the tram line has been approved, with construction beginning in 2024. Most of the street is open to automobile traffic, but the northwestern end has been pedestrianised since 2012.

Literary references

 * A tavern in the square, the Golden Goose, is mentioned in Franz Kafka's Amerika, as the place where the Manageress previously worked.
 * Wenceslas Square is the name of a theatrical play by Larry Shue, which is set in Prague.
 * Wenceslas Square is the name of a story written by Arthur Phillips, which takes place in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic at the end of the Cold War. The story was published in the compendium Wild East: Stories from the Last Frontier, and featured in episode 337 of the WBEZ radio show This American Life.
 * "Wenceslas Square" featured in Marc Adnitt's short film "You Want Christmas?" in December 2008.

title: Wenceslas Square