text:
Shall We Dance? (2004 film)

Shall We Dance? is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Peter Chelsom and starring Richard Gere, Jennifer Lopez, and Susan Sarandon. It is a remake of the 1996 Japanese film of the same name.

Plot
John Clark is a lawyer with a charming wife, Beverly, and a loving family, who nevertheless feels that something is missing as he makes his way every day through the city. Each evening on his commute home through Chicago, John sees a beautiful woman staring with a lost expression through the window of a dance studio. Haunted by her gaze, John impulsively jumps off the train one night, and signs up for ballroom dancing lessons, hoping to meet her.

At first, it seems like a mistake. His teacher turns out not to be the woman in the window, Paulina, but the studio's older namesake, Miss Mitzi, and John proves to be just as clumsy as his equally clueless classmates Chic and Vern on the dance-floor. Even worse, when he does meet Paulina, she icily tells John she hopes he has come to the studio to seriously study dance and not to look for a date. But, as his lessons continue, John falls in love with dancing.

Keeping his new obsession from his family and co-workers, John feverishly trains for Chicago's biggest dance competition. His friendship with Paulina blossoms, as his enthusiasm rekindles her own lost passion for dance. But the more time John spends away from home, the more his wife Beverly becomes suspicious. She hires a private investigator to find out what John is doing, but when she finds out the truth, she chooses to discontinue the investigation and not invade her husband's privacy.

John is partnered with Bobbie for the competition, although his friend Link steps in to do the Latin dances. Link and Bobbie do well in the Latin dances, and while John and Bobbie's waltz goes well, John hears his wife and daughter in the crowd during the quickstep, and is distracted by trying to find them. He and Bobbie fall and are disqualified, and John and Beverly argue in the parking garage. John quits dancing, to everyone's dismay.

Paulina, having been inspired by John to take up competing again, is leaving to go to Europe, and is having a going-away party at the dance studio. She sends John an invitation, but he is not convinced to go until his wife leaves out a pair of dancing shoes that she bought him. He goes and meets Beverly at work, convinces her that while he loves dancing, he still loves her just as much, and he teaches her to dance. They go to the party, and John and Paulina have one last dance before she leaves.

The end scene shows everyone afterwards: Link and Bobbie are now together; Chic, who was actually gay, dances at a club with his partner; Miss Mitzi finds a new partner, and they are happy together; John and Beverly are happier than before and dance in the kitchen; Vern, newly married to his fiancée, dances with her at their wedding; the private investigator that Beverly hired, Devine, starts up dance lessons; and Paulina, with a new partner, competes at the Blackpool Dance Festival, the competition that she had lost the year before.

Soundtrack

 * 1) "Sway" - The Pussycat Dolls
 * 2) "Santa Maria" (Del Buen Ayre) - Gotan Project
 * 3) "Happy Feet" - John Altman
 * 4) "España cañí" - John Altman
 * 5) "I Wanna (Shall We Dance)" - Gizelle D'Cole
 * 6) "Perfidia" - John Altman
 * 7) "Under The Bridges Of Paris" - John Altman
 * 8) "Moon River" - John Altman
 * 9) "Andalucia" - John Altman
 * 10) "The Book Of Love" - Peter Gabriel
 * 11) "The L Train" - Gabriel Yared
 * 12) "I Could Have Danced All Night" - Jamie Cullum
 * 13) "Wonderland" - Rachel Fuller
 * 14) "Shall We Dance?" - Gotan Project
 * 15) "Let's Dance" - Mýa

Box office
The film debuted on October 15, 2004, grossing $11,783,467 in its opening weekend, placing fourth at the North American box office. Despite its 27% decline in gross earnings, it rose to the third spot the following week. The film ran for 133 days, grossing $57,890,460 in the United States and $112,238,000 internationally, for a worldwide total of $170,128,460.

Reception
Shall We Dance? received a 47% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 158 critics. The consensus states: "The cast is warmly appealing, but with the loss of cultural context and addition of big-name celebrities, this American version loses the nuances of the original." Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, stating "I enjoyed the Japanese version so much I invited it to my Overlooked Film Festival a few years ago, but this remake offers pleasures of its own."

Title
The original Japanese film had a question mark in its title, and the publicity poster for this film also includes it. However, the actual film titles on the US film appear as simply "Shall We Dance", leading to some online sources, including IMDb, referring to it without showing the question mark. The inclusion of the question mark serves to distinguish these two films from the 1937 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers film Shall We Dance.

title: Shall We Dance? (2004 film)


text:
Talk:Jacobaea vulgaris

Scottish origin
hi MPF,

My source for teh scottish origin was http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/SE/Senecio%20jacobaea.htm which generally I found a reliable source.

What source do you have for removing it? TeunSpaans 19:04, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

On second thoughts, I tend to agree that it does sound unlikely. TeunSpaans 19:14, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Height of Tansy Ragwort
I changed the maximum height of Tansy Ragwort to 2 meters. I am the manager of a noxious weed control program on the west coast of Canada and we commonly find plants growing to 2+ meters in height. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.194.58.93 (talk • contribs)

 * I can support this also for the UK. I am the Research manager for Ragwort-UK ltd and have frequently recorded plants over 2m tall growing in fertile land with good water supply.  These are not rare strains of ragwort, any plant can reach these proportions if given the right conditions.  These giants typically have ca 12 major stems originating from the crown and the total seed production has been estimated to be in excess of 2 million seeds for the whole plant. -- DerekSmith

 * I have removed the following paragraph.
 * Since 1996, the population of Ragwort in the UK has substantially increased due to Wolf-Sheep Predation Dynamics and 1988 success of Ragwort's only major predator, the Cinnabar Moth.
 * The population of ragwort has continued to grow since the early nineties and is now becoming a problem for animals. Ragwort is highly toxic to animals. Usually horses are able to discriminate the ragwort, see Poisonous effects. Horses have eaten it in hay, or ironically after it has been cut down after trying to protect the horses.
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by Neilj (talk • contribs)

 * There is someone who is trying to promote the idea that the cinnabar moth has undergone a population crash in the UK and that consequently a plague of ragwort has ensued as it supports the sale of the moths as a biological control. It has got repeated many times as a result of a marketing campaign. However, as any competent British entomologist ( insect specialist) will tell you, this is not so. The moth has remained common and whilst in common with most British moths a decline in numbers can be shown statistically there is no known correlation with any increase generally in the ragwort population.
 * Ragwort has not increased either. There is no plague. The remainder of the paragraph simply repeats information that is better covered elsewhere in the article, therefore I deleted it.
 * -- Neilj

 * Neilj, you have a contradiction. In one sentence you state that there is no decline in Cinnabar numbers, yet in the next sentence you state that the Cinnabar along with all other British moths is in in decline.  Your contradiction destroys the validity of your argument.
 * You then go on to state that ragwort is not on the increase, yet you offer no proof of your opinion. I on the other hand have factual audit data which I am prepared to provide to the Wikepedia admins to prove that ragwort is significantly on the increase in land where its presence is not being managed.
 * -- DerekSmith —Preceding unsigned comment added by DerekSmith (talk • contribs) 15:41, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Too many red links!
Self-explanatory. Bibliomaniac15 00:51, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * removed a link ragwortfacts, cause that link is have to many unproven suggestions, ans the website forget to look at the primary literature where th WHO report points. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Falka (talk • contribs) 10:12, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the other changes introduced by that last group of edits sound very POV and tend to promote the individual's business more than I think is acceptable. I also notice Googling around that a commercial website run by the same editor contains the same statement that Neilj removed from the article before as a central marketing theme. I am relatively new to this editing business as I think as we have some obviously  expert naturalists (looking at the names) that I will leave it to you people to handle for now but we need some better sources for one or two things in the article particularly toxicity.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by LadyGlanville (talk • contribs) 13:34, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, I removed the worst statements about the PAs and poisoning, and will take a better look at it to explain how the PAs work. I had a closer look at the website I removed and I saw a lot of speculations with no scientific evidence. Maybe somebody can put the old version back? Falka 16:39, 20 September 2007 (UTC)Falka

 * I must disagree with the edits by Falka. You removed 'highly' toxic.  The who stated that 15ppb/kg/day caused VOD -- a generally fatal condition from 15ppb/kg/day is regarded as highly toxic.  You removed the advice that horses will eat live seadling ragwort despite the fact that there is documented evidence that this occurs whenever seedling ragwort is present in equine grazing -- horses cannot taste seedling ragwort and graze it with the grass.  If you wish to remove this then please offer proof that this is not the case to counter the documented proof that it is.  Yes Ragwort-Uk is a commercial operation but the url you deleted is to an information only site and makes no sales claims at all.  Furthermore the site makes statements based heavily on the WHO document EHC80 already cited.  Finally, you claim that there is no increase in ragwort distribution.  Please publish your data to prove this.  Ragwort-UK do annual surveys and have data to support the claims that ragwort continues to claim more land each year and increase its density each year in areas that are not under rigorous ragwort control management.  The WHO make clear warning of the dangers of allowing PA rich plants to proliferate.  Ragwort proliferation is an issue of public safety and the onus of disproving the WHO position is upon you to disprove their position which is clearly stated in EHC 80
 * There remain further errors in the section on toxity. I will correct these in line with the facts published by the WHO in EHC80
 * DerekSmith Research Manager  Ragwort-UK Ltd  —Preceding unsigned comment added by DerekSmith (talk • contribs) 22:54, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Derek Smit I have to disagree with you, the website I removed is not objective. I miss scientific evidence about that skin absorption you suggest on that website. Maybe you can proof that with scientifical literature. It is not nescesary to scare people. Then you point to eating seedlings. All the scientific literature describes when horses eat fresh ragwort it is rare or they are forced to eat it cause they are starving. ( European Food Safety Authority. 2007. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain on a  request from the European Commission related to Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as undesirable substances in animal  feed. The EFSA Journal 447: 1-51. Cosyns, E. 2004. Ungulate seed dispersal. Aspects of endozoochory in a semi-natural landscape. Institute of  Nature Conservation, Brussels). And a lot more literature.But although every bite of Ragwort may cause liver cells to die, this doesn’t mean that eating a bite of Ragwort once in a while has a lasting effect on an animal’s health. This is because, up to a certain extent, healthy liver cells take over the function of damaged liver cells
 * You can compare it more or less with drinking a glass of beer once in a while. Drinking alcohol kills liver cells, but if you don’t regularly drink large amounts of alcohol, it won’t have a lasting impact on your health. Look at this webpage there are many sources and explanation. http://www.ragwort.jakobskruiskruid.com/Myths%20and%20Facts/Ragwort%20poisoning%20How%20does%20it%20work.html If you really understand how PAs work you have to know that. Yes it is true PAs are poisonous to human, but you forget to point at the primary literature of the WHO report that tells about the circumstances and how it can happen. In the meanwhile there is a law in Europe about herbal medication and PAs. Ragwort is not a hazard for public safety in Europe. European Food Safety Authority. 2007. Then you claim that ragwort is cultivated by Ragwort-UK Ltd.
 * Falka 14:26, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Falka, thank you for trying to understand this situation and explaining to me your understanding and giving me the source of that understanding.  Sadly, both you and your quoted source are in complete disagreement with the findings of the dozen or so Professors and Doctors who undertook a full review of literature and data from around the world in the preparation of the report "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids"  Environmental Health Criteria 80 1988 -- ISBN 92 4 154280 2  This report was commisioned by the World Health Organisation, The United Nations Environment Programme and the International Labour Organisation.  I hope that you would agree that a document promoted by the WHO carries far greater credibility than the website you have proposed we believe, particularly when the information contained on that site is so at odds with the data presented in the WHO report.
 * The WHO report is 345 pages of concentrated scientific information, (with the exception of a few pages of Summary and Recommendations written for understanding by non chemists/medical professional). It is obvious from your comments that you have either not taken the somewhat significant amount of time necessary to read this reference work or you have not understood what you have read.  This to a degree is understandable as to digest this work requires a significant contribution of time and at least a moderate grounding in chemistry and biological reactions.
 * You state that you "miss scientific evidence about that skin absorption you suggest on that website". Yes you clearly did.  If you care to read section 4 METABOLISM, sub section 4.1.1 Absorption -- you will see that a number of studies are reported and that skin absorption is demonstrated.  On the basis of this evidence, for our Operational Risk Assessment for employees working with ragwort, we have been advised by the Health & Safety Executive to take all parts of the ragwort plant to be hazardous and to treat skin adsorption and inhalation as major occupational safety issues along with accidental ingestion.
 * Another aspect of your reply which indicates that you have not read or perhaps more importantly, not understood the EHC 80 report is your (and the authors of jakobskruiskruid website) fictional perception of the mode of action of PAs. PAs are not toxic !! PAs are enzymatically converted into pyrrolic derivatives which are highly reactive and hepatotoxic.  Could I suggest that you read carefully section 4 for the facts as the WHO states them.
 * One important distinction which you should easily note is that ragwort poisoning is not in any way like the damage caused to the liver by drinking of alcohol. The pyrrolic derivatives are persistent and cause repeated and continuous destruction of hepatocytes.  A single ingestion can lead to continued liver destruction and eventually lead to death 18 to 24 months after the ingestion.  Please read this document (EHC 80).  You may not like what you read but it is important that you do not support and regurgitate misinformation when health and lives are at risk, particularly when the facts have been carefully validated and published by the WHO for your education.
 * DerekSmith 08:46, 24 September 2007 (UTC)DerekSmith —Preceding unsigned comment added by DerekSmith (talk • contribs) 17:07, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Derek Smith I still disagree with you. Maybe maybe you didn t read  the references I gave you before, it is really recent and written by the scientific panel of the EU. This report goes a lot more information about health hazards for animals and people. They studied a lot of literature, even the sources from the WHO report. We know that Pas are not toxic in their N Oxide, we explain that on the website also. The website is written and advised by specialists. I know the WHO report very well,and  that is why I disagree with you  You point to 4 METABOLISM, sub section 4.1.1 Absorption. In that section the WHO report refers to Brauchli J., J. Luthy, U. Zweifel & C. Schlatter. 1982. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Symphytum officinale L. and their percutaneous absorption in rats. Experientia (Basel) 38: 1085-1087. We studied these primary papers.
 * These scientists state that toxicological research on rats has proved that the pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the roots of comfrey (Symphytum officinale, Borganinaceae) can be absorbed through the skin. However, the amount of absorbed pyrrolizidine alkaloids appears to be much lower than when they where administered orally. The amount of pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in the urine of the rats was 20 to 50 times less than was measured when it was given orally. As long as the plant has not been eaten the pyrrolizidine alkaloids are in a N-oxide form and are not poisonous. When the plant is eaten they are transformed, mostly in the small intestine, into free alkaloids that are poisonous and that will damage the liver. The treatise of Brauchli and colleagues (1984) states that pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are absorbed through the skin are rarely, if ever, transformed into free alkaloids. Through our research about the sources of the reports on the danger of touching ragwort, we conclude that there is no substantial evidence that there is a health risk for people. The amount of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that might be absorbed through the skin is very low and there is no proof that these alkaloids are being changed into a toxic form. Then the WHO report section 5.1.1  Metabolic basis of toxicity
 * Direct application of these alkaloids to the skin does not cause local toxic effects (Schoental et al., 1954), nor do cytotoxic effects occur at sites of injection.
 * About the reactive pyrroles You state A single ingestion can lead to continued liver destruction and eventually lead to death 18 to 24 months after the ingestion. It is true Pas can have a cumulative effect, according to the literature, a diet consisting of 1-2% Ragwort can be lethal in time ( Molyneux et al, Goeger et al) The more recent link I gave you before Tells about ingestion   PAs are eliminated very rapidly. In a study conducted by Williams et al. (2002), the elimination half-life for riddelliine in rats and mice was 4.2 and about 3 hours, respectively. Riddelliine-Noxide was eliminated more slowly, with half-life’s ranging from 7 to 12 hours in rats (male versus female) and 15 to 29 hours in mice (male versus female). In a study, conducted by Eastman et al. (1982) on the kinetics of senecionine and seneciphylline in lactating mice, 89h% and 84 % of the administered doses of senecionine and seneciphylline were eliminated 16 hours after their administration.

The main route of elimination is via the urine, mainly in the form of the parent alkaloid and a small amount in the form of the corresponding N-oxide. A smaller fraction is eliminated in the bile. The bile contains mostly reactive pyrroles and their associated products (Estep et al., 1991). A small portion of senecionine and seneciphylline was found to be eliminated via the respiratory tract (McLean, 1970; Eastman, 1982; Estep et al., 1991) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) represent a large group of chemically diverse plant metabolites that share essentially the four necine bases platynecine, retronecine, heliotridine and otonecine. Most of the naturally occurring PAs are esters or N-oxides of these necine bases and more than 6000 plants have been identified as potential sources of PAs,
 * And about the liver some interesting stuff to read there is some about the time and doses from eating, it is not one bite and when animals stop ingesting it is possible to recover.
 * Czaja, M. 1998. Liver growth and repair. Chapman en Hall London. ISBN 0412 71260
 * Craig, A. M., E. G. Pearson, C. Meyer & J. A. Schmitz. 1991. Serum liver enzyme and histopathologic changes in calves with chronic and chronic-delayed Senecio jacobaea toxicosis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52: 1969-1978
 * Gardner, D. R., M. S. Thorne, R. J. Molyneux, J. A. Pfister & A. A. Seawrigh. 2006. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio madagascariensis from Australia and Hawaii and assessment of possible livestock poisoning. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34: 736-744
 * Lessard, P., W. D. Wilson, H. J. Olander, Q. R. Rogers, & V. E. Mendel. 1986. Clinicopathologic study of horses surviving pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Senecio vulgaris) toxicosis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 47: 1776-1780.
 * Molyneux R. J., Johnson, A. E.& L. D. Stuart. 1988. Delayed manifestation of Senecio-induced pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis in cattle: case reports. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 30: 201-205.
 * Goeger, D. E., P. R. Cheeke, J. A. Schmitz & D. R. Buhler. 1982. Toxicity of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) to goats. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43: 252-254.
 * De Lanux-Van Gorder, V. 2000. Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario. Can. Vet. J. 41: 409-410.
 * Enough for now I think. Falka 06:12, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Falca, before I respond to your considerable response, could I please confirm that I have read the correct reference which you say was written by the scientific panel for the EU. The link I followed in your text led me to a site called ragwort.jakobskruiskruid.com  and claims to have been authored by By: Esther Hegt and Pieter B. Pelser (Miami University - Botany department, Oxford, Ohio, USA)

Are you claiming that these authors are the scientific panel for the EU? or have I read the wrong site?

DerekSmith —Preceding unsigned comment added by DerekSmith (talk • contribs) 19:05, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Derek Smith I think you mix things. The site I mentioned is written by experts. Indeed Esther Hegt( that is me) and Pieter Pelser and there are a lot of other advisors to. Each webpage give a list of referense of the studied literature. All the names of the experts are called on that website under the page authors and advisors.
 * The scienitific panel of the EU report is written by other scientists, (I some know personally from advices they gave me) is this one ( European Food Safety Authority. 2007. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Commission related to Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as undesirable substances in animal feed. The EFSA Journal 447
 * Falka 19:20, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you Esther for clarifying your position for me. It is always important to be sure of our understanding and our facts when communicating with someone who is using a second language.
 * You are working with a number of false understandings which are in conflict with the facts published by the WHO in EHC 80. If you will permit me, it will be my pleasure to assist you to understand the information published within that report.  None of the information I have quoted is mine, nor is it in any way my opinion, I am simply quoting the facts reported within the EHC 80 by the 13 internationally reputed scientists who prepared it and the WHO who have ratified and published it.
 * The first thing you must understand is that Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids are not toxins, they are precursor toxins and only become toxins when metabolised by liver enzymes into "pyrrolic dehydro-alkaloids which are reactive alkylating agents" (EHC 80 1.3). From this you must understand that PAs are not toxic in any stage within the body, neither during ingestion, nor during skin absorption, nor inhalation, nor excretion.  They pass unreacted around the body in the blood stream and do no harm and the great majority of PAs are excreted harmlessly in the animals urine, or if it is lactating, into its milk.  This is why in section 5.1 of EHC 80, it is stated that "Direct application of these alkaloids to the skin does not cause local toxic effects".  The important word in this sentence is 'local'.  The PAs do not cause local poisoning because PAs are not poisonous.  It is not until they have passed into the bloodstream and thus into the liver that they are metabolised into cytotoxic pyrrolic derivatives.  Poisoning then happens in the liver -- not at the local point of absorption of the non toxic PA.  I hope you see now how you have confused the meaning of the statement in 5.1.
 * Second, you must realise that according to the WHO, PAs are metabolised into toxic pyrrolic derivatives in the liver, not in the small intestine as you have claimed earlier. This is very clearly stated in the first para section 1.3 of EHC 80 vis - "The toxic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids are due to activation in the liver".  The highly reactive derivatives (toxins) then rapidly attack the the nearest cells i.e. the liver cells.  The metabolising enzymes are not present in any other tissues, therefore only the liver, rich in the mixed function oxidases, is capable of converting the PAs and the liver is the primary organ suffering the cytotoxic attack.
 * Third, you must understand the difference between long term repeated ingestion and persistent toxification in order to understand why ragwort poisoning is not like alcohol (from which the liver can recover). You stated that you understood that repeated ingestion of small amounts [as little as 0.015mg/kg/day] of PAs can lead to liver disease - this is correct.  However, one dose of PAs can form derivatives which continue to damage the liver for many months.  The cytotoxic derivatives are not flushed out of the system as the unmetabolised PAs are.  The derivatives are persistent and continue to destroy liver cells without any further ingestion of PAs.  Please carefully study section 7 Effects on Man, particularly Fig. 12 P 180 EHC 80 and you will see that death can follow months or years after exposure has ceased, from either VOD or cirrhosis.
 * I hope that you are now starting to understand the reality of ragwort poisoning as published and endorsed by the WHO. I am sure that sufficient detail has now been discussed such that a layperson will understand the situation and that the Wikepedia Moderators will be able to make a fully informed decision should the issue come to require moderator intervention.
 * DerekSmith 08:46, 24 September 2007 (UTC)DerekSmith

 * I have removed the edits performed by user DerekSmith. I believe that they go beyond what is acceptable. Mr Smith has a strong conflict of interest and he has both inserted a website link and test that promote that interest even mentioning his company name whilst doing so. Mr Smith's business depends on the public believing that Ragwort is highly toxic so that they will buy his product.
 * It is also the case that his business's primary website is selling Cinnabar moths using a story which has been explained to be false above, and which I as a bug person concur with. There are many other errors on the sites and the site linked to could even be legally dangerous to Wikipedia. I would caution us all to be aware of conflicts of interest which may affect our judgement.
 * One specific comment I would deal with this is about the persistance of toxins. I believe the WHO report has been tendentiously used to argue a case and that that in the argument above too much emphasis has been laid on items that refer to other plants not ragwort where there is a danger that does not exist in ragwort and that the report has not been read in its entirety and that a biased conclusion has been drawn. For example the toxins DO NOT persist

"To summarize, the available evidence suggests that ingested    toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids are rapidly metabolized and that the     excretion of unchanged alkaloid and of most metabolites is also     rapid.  Thus, within a few hours, only a relatively small     proportion of the dose remains in the body, much of this in the     form of metabolites bound to tissue constituents.  It appears     improbable that a significant amount of unchanged alkaloid will     remain in the body after the first day."

 * Sorry I forgot to sign the above comment LadyGlanville

 * I agree very much. Those edits do go against the conflict of interest policies and the commercial point of view

pushing isn't acceptable on Wikipedia. The justifications posted above are very tendentious and has just been shown very easily refuted. I also agree about the cinnabar moths. If you tell an entomologist that there is a plague of ragwort because cinnabar moths nearly vanished, they laugh. ( No intention to offend but it is that strange an idea.) Neilj

 * if the toxins persist it is a piece of cake to proove a ragwort poisoning.
 * A single disgestion leading to death sounds like witchcraft. Derek Smit you tell this "PAs are metabolised into toxic pyrrolic derivatives in the liver, not in the small intestine as you have claimed earlier " I suggest you read carefully this page http://www.ragwort.jakobskruiskruid.com/Myths%20and%20Facts/Pyrrolizidine%20alkaloid%20metabolism.html references (Chojkier, M. 2003. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Journal of Hepatology 39: 437-446) .and (Fu, P. P., Q. Xia, G. Lin & M. W. Chou. 2004. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - Genotoxicity, metabolism enzymes, metabolic activation, and mechanisms. Drug Metabolism Reviews 36: 1-55). You can see the metabolism start in the intestines. Because these intermediate molecules are quickly transferred into other molecules, they cannot be found in samples taken from an animal. Only the presence of dehydro-PAs can be shown. Although these dehydro-PAs are more stable than the molecules that are formed in the process in which N-oxides are transferred into dehydro-PA's, they can also react with a lot of other molecules. When an animal stops ingesting ragwort this molecule is also not traceble.
 * Falka 19:22, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

the correct scientifical name
The correct name is Jacobaea vulgaris I don't know how to change it correct in Wiki. The primary source for the new name Pelser, P. B., Gravendeel, B. & van der Meijden, R., (2002). Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based on plastid and nrDNA sequences. Am.J.Bot. 89(6): 929-939 Pelser, P.B., Veldkamp, J.-F. & van der Meijden, R., (2006). New combinations in Jacobaea Mill. (Asteraceae - Senecioneae). Compositae Newsletter 44: 1-11. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Falka (talk • contribs) 21:30, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. Jenks24 (talk) 15:25, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

Jacobaea vulgaris → Senecio jacobaea – This plant is generally known scientifically as Senecio jacobaea, including in the most up-to-date and widely used European flora by Clive Stace. I can't find any up-to-date use of the name currently used in the article (Jacobaea vulgaris). Richard New Forest (talk) 10:02, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
 * USDA GRIN has is as Jacobaea vulgaris. The Plant List has both names as accepted, and Tropicos agrees with you. This is quite strange, all of these databases are very good. GRIN specifies that they are homotypic synonyms, and IPNI says that Linnaeus' Senecio name has been replaced by the Jacobaea name.
 * So in short, the databases are no help.
 * Scholarly articles are also divided, e.g., here and here.
 * Wikipedia follows other authorities, it doesn't make up its own mind. I think, therefore, that it is best to leave the status quo, that it is premature to change without a clear consensus from these experts. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 21:26, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Scientific names
I went to check the relative commonness of Jacobaea vulgaris vs Senecio jacobaea in Google's ngram viewer, and found that the former doesn't get any hits (which is surprising, because if one performs a regular Google Books search for it, it does get hits). -sche (talk) 18:55, 11 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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reference dump

External links modified (January 2018)
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Reason why the website ‘Ragwort Facts’ is not a reliable source of evidence
The website ‘Ragwort Facts’ claims to give ‘A UK Scientific Perspective’ on ragwort in the UK. However, the website does not observe proper scientific standards of objectivity. The author of the website, Neil Jones, claims to be a ‘scientifically minded person who loves reason and the study of scientific learning’ but gives no evidence of his scientific qualifications. The ‘Ragwort Facts’ website has not been independently reviewed or refereed therefore its scientific credibility rests entirely on the reputation and scientific credibility of the author, which, in this case, cannot be established. Even a cursory reading shows that the website is highly partisan and devoted to arguments that tend to represent ragwort as relatively benign and harmless to animals. Two examples will suffice:

First. The author claims that The British Horse Society falsely claimed in a 2014 survey that "ragwort is extremely toxic to horses." His argument is that “There is a definition that is used by scientists to identify substances that are "extremely toxic" and it is defined as something where 5 miligrams per a kilogram of body weight or less is lethal. There are one million milligrams in a kilogram so we can say that something that is "extremely toxic" is a substance where 5 millionths of the animal's weight (or less) being ingested is likely to kill it. The reality is that the lethal dose is much closer to 5 percent of the body weight. This is 5 parts in a hundred. This means that the British Horse Society is over estimating the toxicity of ragwort by around the order of ten thousand times!” This is an unscientific argument because the BHS is referring to fresh or dried ragwort whereas, presumably, the scientific definition of toxicity refers to the actual toxins contained in the ragwort, pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The BHS statement is based on a common language definition of toxicity and refers to actual plant consumption by animals whereas the scientific definition of toxicity is based on extracted and purified pyrrolizidine alkaloids. This argument confounds a comparison of the toxic effects of whole plant material with the toxic effects of the purified alkaloid toxin solely to make the spurious claim that the BHS over-estimates the toxicity of ragwort by around the order of ten thousand times. This is a deliberate attempt to mislead and is clearly intended to give the false impression that the toxicity of ragwort is somehow ten thousand times less serious than is generally thought.

Second. The author claims that ‘Ragwort poses no risk to dogs’ and says that dogs do not eat ragwort. This claim is false as all dogs will eat a certain amount of green plant material from time to time, including ragwort (personal observation). The toxic component of ragwort is highly toxic to all mammals, including dogs, therefore, under appropriate circumstances, ragwort can be a serious risk to companion animals. There appears to be little information in the scientific literature about the toxicity of ragwort in dogs but the Dogs Trust list of poisonous plants states that ragwort: ‘Causes kidney failure and liver damage which is irreversible. Minute doses fatal, often wrongly diagnosed’ (i). The known susceptibility of dogs to poisons generally and the likely lack of any natural protective mechanisms against plant toxins is supportive of the Dogs Trust therefore, the claim that ‘Ragwort poses no risk to dogs’ is both irresponsible and dangerous.

Conclusion The ‘Ragwort Facts’ website, far from presenting an objective scientific perspective on ragwort, presents a highly partisan views by a committed entomologist. As illustrated by the two examples, the website gives a highly subjective and misleading view of the evidence and deliberately downplays the dangers of ragwort to livestock and other animals. This website contains much misinformation and is not suitable to be referenced by Wikipedia as a source of objective scientific information. https://www.cdts.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/POISONOUS-SUBSTANCES.pdf NameArbitrary (talk) 11:05, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

 * This looks as a rant to me, I looked at ragwort facts and the evidence is clear, the sources are named, so everybody can look if the statements are true, there are peer reviewed published sources on ragwort facts website. There isn't peer reviewed literature abut poisonous for dogs. Dogs don't eat hay and have a different dieet. The PDF sheet as you have  added is not peer reviewed literature. It is only a rant, stop with that. Falka (talk) 07:52, 4 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The ‘Ragworts Facts’ site does not present objective scientific arguments and is very far from ‘clear’. It views ragwort from an entomological point of view and uses ‘evidence’ in an extremely selective and cavalier fashion, which certainly would not pass an authoritative scientific review.
 * It makes statements like:
 * FALSE . This claim was made by the British Horse Society in a survey in 2014. It over estimates the toxicity of ragwort by around TEN THOUSAND TIMES! See Ragwort is not extremely toxic
 * This is absurd and is not made OK by saying that ‘everybody can look if the statements are true’.
 * ‘Dogs don't eat hay’ and ‘Ragwort is as dangerous to dogs as it is to dolphins’ (see Ragworts Facts) are absurd statements. Dogs and other companion animals frequently eat green plant material and there are many, many cases of companion animal poisonings each year due to ingesting poisonous plants. Unfortunately, it is often extremely difficult to identify the source of a plant poison.
 * The PDF information sheet that I added was produced by the Dogs Trust which is one of the oldest and biggest and most highly respected dog charities in the world with a large professional staff including veterinarians. If you choose to regard this as a ‘rant’ that is your concern but I prefer to regard it as the informed view of an organization with access to direct up-to-date information about animal poisoning. NameArbitrary (talk) 10:55, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

User:FalkaThe claim that ragwort is toxic to dogs is basically correct. After all, it is poisonous to all animal species, including humans. The question is whether a dog can ingest enough plant material to become acutely ill. I don't know any examples of that either. It also seems unlikely to me because PAs are not fast-acting toxins, unlike many other toxic plant compounds that act directly on the nervous system, heart or intestines. Unless a dog eats whole ragwort plants (and doesn't vomit them right away), the chance of poisoning is estimated to be low. There is no need the remove the link Ragwort Facts, it looks like a personal vendetta because there is also a contact email adres on the website ragwort facts. Don't use wikipidea for vendetta's User:Falka — Preceding undated comment added 08:20, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Jacobaea vulgaris


text:
Talk:Interstate and Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association

When did they change their name? Mydotnet 19:07, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

Sometime after 1952 and before 1960. I don't have any of the records of the intervening years. - Rlvaughn 02:13, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Hand strike

from VfD:

Before I spend a lot of time fixing the many problems with this orphan/dead-end article (needs move to lowercase title, numerous misspellings, no wikilinks, needs intro before first header, etc.), I want to find out if anyone actually considers it an encylopedic topic--especially considering what would link here? We don't have fist or fist strike articles, and I don't see anyone searching for the title--is an article that will likely never be found worth having? Niteowlneils 19:07, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * PS Another Wikipedian has added Wikilinks, so it is no longer a dead-end page. All the other issues remain. Niteowlneils 19:09, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It is an issue addressed by many different martial arts, but this limited article doesn't address the subject from that perspective. For instance, nei chia practitioners perform the motions described in this article with quite different mechanics. Also, the name isn't that good, IMO. It is something which should be covered more completely in a general sparring article (which I've been considering, actually). See kumite. With those factors in mind, I'll vote to delete . Fire Star 20:35, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge/move, but don't delete.-PlasmaDragon
 * Keep. Seems like a valid topic and the article doesn't look so bad.  If a better title can be found then rename it.  If there are errors then correct them.--Tomheaton 21:47, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Possibly move to a better title. Needs NPOVification (current article seems to advocate the approach of a single martial art).   — Gwalla | Talk 21:45, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Scratch that. Just found strike (attack). Merge and redirect to strike (attack), which needs this sort of expansion. Still needs to be less POV though.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:47, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to strike (attack), like Gwalla said. jni 13:42, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to strike (attack), this is a change of my above vote. When I get time I'll clean it up a bit. Fire Star 17:04, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Hand strike


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ifconfig

Ifconfig
Another man page. --jpgordon {gab} 19:08, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC) man 8 ifconfig
 * Delete. Speedy delete, even. ~leif 22:44, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete: I wasn't sure if it was a /man page or not -- not being a real Linux geek and not wanting to step on the toes of the computer article folk.  I couldn't see what the article offered that a man page wouldn't, but mine's a weak delete. It's in coherent English, though, and is about a thing, so it wasn't a speedy candidate.  Geogre 01:49, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * D Computer references are nice, but WP isn't one. Now there's an idea ... Chris 01:53, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Wikipedia is not your local manpages. --Improv 06:08, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not even nearly as notable as ls and its friends. jni 13:39, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup if not a copyvio. If copyvio delete without prejudice. anthony (see warning) 17:05, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Um, I am somewhat displeased right now, so I'll just deposit a placeholder

Kim Bruning 22:40, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * IFconfig and its man pages are originally BSD licenced, they are free to use for all who wish to do so, the licence is compatible with the GFDL.
 * Ifconfig is a key component of the original implementation of the internet, and is still used today.
 * The version I have is GPLed. Which version is BSD licensed, and is it with or without the advertising clause (the advertising clause is non-free and incompatible with the GFDL)?  Is there an intent to keep the copyright notice, or will we be ignoring this requirement?  Do we have a copy of the text which was BSD licensed so it can be confirmed that nothing was added which wasn't released under the BSD licensed version? anthony (see warning) 23:11, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * later BSD versions are advertising-clause free, however no matter, if you have a GPLed one, that will do. (the original BSD man page is more something for wikisource anyway). The page might be better written in a encyclopedic manner even so. But definately definately no delete today. Kim Bruning 23:17, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * GPL will not do, as it is not GFDL compatible. I know about later BSD versions, but was this released under the later versions or the newer ones?  And is there an intention to include the copyright notice?  Rewrite in an encyclopedic manner on the temp page or delete. anthony (see warning) 00:09, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * GFDL and GPL not compatible? That would be exceedingly strange indeed. It would be impossible to write GFDLed manuals for GPL software (which is the raison d'etre of the GFDL) if that was the case. Could you point out any references for this? Can you point out references that also state why they are (deliberately?) incompatible? Kim Bruning 00:32, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * GPL and GFDL being compatible has nothing to do with whether or not a manual for GPL software can be GFDL. Here's a reference: .  "Beyond its non-free status, the GFDL has additional serious practical problems:  It's GPL-incompatible in both directions. This means that you can't legally extract text from a GFDL'ed manual and put it into integrated help strings in a GPL'ed program. And you can't extract code or comments from a GPL'ed program and put it into a GFDL'ed manual. (Without getting explicit permission to relicense from every copyright-holding contributor, that is.)" anthony (see warning) 02:34, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The GFDL document itself has commentary text actually encouraging the GPLing of contents, and using GPLed text in the corpus of a GFDLed text. I don't know who Nathanael Nerode is, so I can't put a value to his comments. Have we discussed this with Eben Moglen, or has he made any statements about it other than those in the comments in the GFDL?
 * Have you discussed it with Eben Moglen, or are you just going to ignore my references without providing references of your own? anthony (see warning) 12:52, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm specifically referring to the text of a document that has already come up, Namely, the GFDL, commentary: "How to use this License for your documents", (last paragraph) at . But it's a tad tricky I'll warrent. Has any discussion on this matter already cropped up on wikipedia that you're aware of? Else probably it would be a good idea to bring it up at village pump or so, and make contact with Eben Moglen, eh? I'll look into it some more later. :-) Kim Bruning 13:50, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. That in no way implies that the GPL and GFDL are compatible.  It's saying that you should dual license code under the GPL and the GFDL.  Feel free to bring it up on the pump or with Eben Moglen, but you will get the same answer.  The GPL and GFDL are not compatible.  It might be possible to make limited aggregation of GPL and GFDL works, but that's not what we're talking about here, we're talking about taking a GPLed text and calling it a GFDLed text.  There is nothing in the GPL which allows that. anthony (see warning) 14:17, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, no, not explicitly, but both law and code sometimes depend on side effects to get their work done. It was almost certainly not the intent of the writers of that man page that it would be banned from use on wikipedia, though you claim it might be an unintended side effect. I don't see any proof for that either way so far, but even if true, there's several ways to solve it for now. If what you are saying is true, then we should certainly have a bit of a talk with Eben Moglen, and listen to his reccomendations as to how to proceed in situations like this. Kim Bruning 14:33, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you want to contact the authors and ask them to license the man page under the GFDL, then please do so. But until then, we shouldn't be calling things GFDL just because we think the authors probably wouldn't mind GFDLing it.  And by far the easiest way to solve the problem is to write an encyclopedic stub (or full article) on the temp page without copying/pasting it from a copyrighted source without permission.  I don't think we need to talk to Eben Moglen to do that.  As for the intent that the man page "be banned from use on wikipedia", that is the effect of copyright law.  Just about everything that is written is copyrighted automatically and banned from use on wikipedia without permission.  The GPL gives permission to use the text on Wikipedia, but it doesn't give permission to license the text under the GFDL, and at the bottom of every page is the statement that all text is licensed under the GFDL. anthony (see warning) 17:02, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * We need to talk with Eben Moglen because it can't be the intent that GPL and GFDL are incompatible. We can certianly solve this particular problem using some alternate route, but we've bumped into a situation that he should be aware of. Don't you think? It's a bug report ;-) Kim Bruning 17:47, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Chrismukkah

Chrismukkah is a pop-culture portmanteau neologism referring to the merging of the holidays of Christianity's Christmas and Judaism's Hanukkah. It first arose in the German-speaking countries within middle-class Jews of the 19th century. After World War II, Chrismukkah became particularly popular in the United States, but is also celebrated in other countries.

The term was popularized beginning in December 2003 by the TV drama The O.C., wherein character Seth Cohen creates the holiday to signify his upbringing in an interfaith household with a Jewish father and Protestant mother. The holiday can also be adopted by all-Jewish households who celebrate Christmas as a secular holiday.

History
The proximity of the beginning of the Hanukkah festival on the 25th of Kislev (end of November/December) to Christmas led to the so-called "December Dilemma" for Jewish families living in societies that were largely Christian. The history of an informal merger between Hanukkah and Christmas dates back to 19th century Germany and Austria. In German it is called Weihnukka, a combination of the words "Weihnachten" (Christmas) and "Hanukkah".

In the 19th century, Christmas had established itself in the German-speaking countries as a festival in which, in addition to the spiritual significance, values such as family and charity were in the foreground. Christmas customs such as the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations, gifts or Christmas dinner were perceived more as a seasonal than a strictly Christian tradition. The proximity of the beginning of the Hanukkah festival to Christmas and the adoption of various traditions such as a decorated tree or gifts led to a mixture of traditions that were referred to as Weihnukka at the time. Modern Jewish families in particular adopted elements of the Christmas tradition in the Hanukkah festival. For example, Hanukkah gifts or money became common in the 19th century. Many families from the assimilated German-Jewish bourgeoisie celebrated Christmas directly as a purely secular winter festival. The first historically documented Christmas tree was erected in Vienna in 1814 by the Jewish socialite Fanny von Arnstein, who had brought this custom from Berlin. The founder of Zionism Theodor Herzl also celebrated Christmas or at least allowed a tree to be set up in his house for his children and suggested the name "Hanukkah Tree". Common elements of this secular Christmas festival and its influence on the Hanukkah festival among Jews were a Hanukkah tree or Hanukkah bush as a counterpart to the Christmas tree, the Hanukkah Man, who, as a counterpart to Santa Claus, brought the presents for the children, or the Hanukkah calendar with eight flaps.

After the Shoah and the associated near-extinction of Jewish life in central Europe, cultural life increasingly shifted to the United States. Here it became common to celebrate both festivals due to interfaith marriages between Jews and Christians and the associated wish of both partners to maintain their respective festivals and customs. The so-called “December dilemma” arose in Jewish families, namely the desire to add something similar to the popular festival of Christmas with its traditions, celebrations and gifts. Gifts for the Hanukkah festival in particular were to enhance this festival and contrast Christmas with something of equal emotional value.

In the 1990s, the popular sitcom Friends often portrayed Jewish characters Rachel, Ross and Monica celebrating Christmas with their Christian friends, signifying many contemporary American Jewish households who celebrate Christmas in the strictly secular sense.

Chrismukkah was named for the first time, and prominently featured, in the FOX television program The O.C. (2003–2007). Show creator Josh Schwartz used the holiday (which the writers almost named "Hanimas" ) to depict, he later said,

"[M]y experience as a Jewish kid from the East Coast coming to USC ... and being surrounded by all these kids from Newport Beach who were water-polo players, and these very blonde girls who only wanted to date them. I felt very much like an outsider. Even trying to talk about Hanukkah with some of them was like coming from an alien planet and talking about life there. The show is really about outsiders: Ryan was the most obvious outsider, as was Seth. The idea of a mixed [half-Jewish, half-Christian] family in Newport would also contribute to the Cohen outsider-family status. That part of their identity was always very important. Seth coined a holiday that would both celebrate and underline his outsider status in Newport. That led us to Chrismukkah."

On The O.C., as a way to merge his parents' two faiths, Seth Cohen claims to have "created the greatest superholiday known to mankind" when he was six years old. The series included annual Chrismukkah episodes for every season of its run. Particulars of when exactly the holiday was celebrated were not given; Seth simply said in the first season's Chrismukkah episode that it was "eight days of presents, followed by one day of many presents," with a stress on the word "many" (this was repeated in the second season's Chrismukkah episode by Seth's new brother Ryan, with an added "many"). The only references to how it was celebrated, other than the family displaying both a Christmas tree and a Hanukkah menorah, was that the Cohens spent Christmas Day itself at home eating Chinese takeout and watching movies like It's a Wonderful Life and Fiddler on the Roof on TV (as opposed to going out for Chinese food and seeing a movie, as many American Jews have done for years). Chrismukkah later received mention in the television series Grey's Anatomy.

In 2004, Chrismukkah.com was launched by Ron and Michelle Gompertz, a Jewish-Christian intermarried couple in Bozeman, Montana. Their website took the fictional O.C. Chrismukkah and brought it into reality, selling humorous Chrismukkah greeting cards and dispensing detailed mythology about the fictional holiday. The Chrismukkah.com website was widely credited with popularizing Chrismukkah to a non-television watching audience. Chrismukkah.com stirred up controversy in the Fall of 2004 when the New York Catholic League issued a national press release opposing Chrismukkah. Further, The Catholic League and the New York Board of Rabbis, in a joint statement, condemned Chrismukkah as "insulting" to Jews and Christians.

In December 2004, Chrismukkah was listed in Time magazine as one of the buzzwords of the year. It was also reported in a Scottish newspaper, that Chrismukkah had been added to the authoritative "Chambers" dictionary. In 2005, Chrismukkah.com founder Ron Gompertz authored a humorous book of Chrismukkah recipes called ''Chrismukkah! The Merry Mish-Mash Holiday Cookbook. Gompertz's follow-up book, entitled Chrismukkah – Everything You Need to Know to Celebrate the Hybrid Holiday'' (published by Stewart, Tabori and Chang) was released in October 2006. A rival book by Gersh Kuntzman, Chrismukkah: The Official Guide to the World's Best-Loved Holiday (Sasquatch Press), came out at around the same time. In "A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to Be Jewish,"(Rutgers University Press, 2013) author Rabbi Joshua Eli Plaut, Ph.D discusses Chrismukkah and the creation of Festivus and other hybrid holidays among Jews in America during December. In 2006 USA Today described Chrismukkah as "[t]he newest faux holiday that companies are using to make a buck this season". Chrismukkah is also celebrated as an ironic, alternative holiday, much like the Seinfeld-derived "Festivus".

The Jewish Museum Berlin held a special exhibition about Weihnukka in 2005.

Exact coincidence of Hanukkah with Christmas
In 2005, the sunset of December 25 coincided with 25 Kislev, the first night of Hanukkah, making Christmas Day and the beginning of Hanukkah the same day. This will not happen again until 2024. In 2016, the sunset of December 24 coincided with 25 Kislev, the first day of Hanukkah, making Christmas Eve and the beginning of Hanukkah the same day. This will not happen again until 2027.

Similar holidays
A similarly named holiday called Christmanukkah was featured in The Strangerhood. Unlike Chrismukkah, Christmanukkah is twenty days long (twelve days of Christmas and another eight for Hanukkah), and all of the days are spent receiving gifts and eating until passing out. Pants and pumpkin cider are considered a traditional gift.

Hannumass was created by Boyz II Men singer Wanya Morris and his wife. Referenced in ABC's A Very Boy Band Holiday.

Similar neologisms such as Chrismahanukwanzakah and HanuKwanzMas blend Christmas, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa.

title: Chrismukkah


text:
Ocauçu

Ocauçu is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 4,291 (2020 est.) in an area of 300 km2. The elevation is 551 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Ocauçu


text:
Batcombe, Dorset

Batcombe is a small straggling village and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated 12 mi north-west of Dorchester below the northern scarp slope of the Dorset Downs. The name Batcombe derives from the Old English Bata, a man's name, and cumb, meaning valley. In 1201 it was known as Batecumbe. The local travel links are located 3 mi from the village to Chetnole railway station and 31 mi to Bournemouth International Airport. The main road running through the village is Stile Way. Dorset County Council's 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the civil parish was 120. The civil parish is served by High Stoy Parish Council, which also covers Hermitage and Hilfield parishes.

Parish church
The church of St Mary Magdalene is on an ancient site. There has probably been a church there from the 11th century. The current building comprises a chancel, nave and 15th-century tower. The interior contains a font that has a Norman column (made from Ham Hill stone) with a cube-shaped limestone basin (probably made from Portesham stone); the basin is probably older than the column. The church interior also contains an elaborate stone screen, which is also made from Ham Hill stone.

Cross-in-Hand
Above the village rises Batcombe Down and, further east, Gore Hill, near the top of which is a small stone pillar known as the Cross-in-Hand (or Cross and Hand). The pillar, a Grade II listed structure and a Scheduled Ancient Monument, is a little over 1 m in height and may date from before the Norman Conquest, as do other shafts such as the Pillar of Eliseg. At one time there may have been a hand carved on one face, but nothing is visible today, though the pillar has acquired stories about images of a ghostly hand being seen grasping a bowl at its top. Thomas Hardy used the pillar in his novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles, in a scene in which Alec d'Urberville instructs Tess to "put your hand upon that stone hand, and swear that you will never tempt me—by your charms or ways." The pillar also features in Hardy's poem "The Lost Pyx".

Manor house
The Minterne family was for a long time the Lords of the Manor and Newlands Farm was the manor house between the 16th and 18th centuries. The front roadside wall of the farmhouse has an ashlar hamstone archway dating from 1622.

Folklore
The parish church is the subject of one of Dorset's more curious tales, in which the local squire—who was known as 'Conjuring Minterne'—once rode his horse off Batcombe Hill and knocked off one of the pinnacles on the tower. He dabbled in magic and was regarded with a great deal of fear and superstition locally. After setting off to ride over steep Batcombe Hill one day, he suddenly remembered he had left his magic book open on the table, where his servants might find it. To save going back by the road, he turned his horse round and spurred it to attempt a massive leap over the church, knocking off the pinnacle as he soared clear over the tower. The fearful villagers were afraid that they might offend the devil by repairing the damage, so for a hundred years they left it alone. When it was repaired, they repaired it at a crooked angle. It is said that Minterne vowed that he would be buried neither in nor out of the church, so he was buried half in and half out of the Minterne Chapel. Much of the church was rebuilt by John Hicks in 1864, which resulted in the loss of the Minterne chapel. The memorial tablets were repositioned on the north side of the tower.

A "conjurer" used to be an important character in a Dorset village, and was generally of good reputation. He was supposed to be gifted with supernatural power, which he exercised for good, and by his incantations and ceremonies he cured many sicknesses.

title: Batcombe, Dorset


text:
Olímpia

Olímpia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,130 inhabitants. The city has a total area of 802.6 km2.

History
The oldest archaeological evidence in the territory dates back to the centuries 9th or 10th. In the early 1990s, workers of construction found four funerary urns containing bones, bead necklaces, and pots inside, which was later linked to the Tupi, and Macro Je people. Although it is known that Latin America was inhabited by nomadic tribes, this is actually the oldest evidence of human presence in the area prior to European colonization.

In the 19th century, the foundation of Olimpia (formerly knows as Fazenda Olhos d'Água, and then, Vila Olímpia) is related to the coffee industry during the Empire of Brazil, when plantation owners meet the demand of labor.

With the exhaustion of the gold mines, people abandoned their previous sites in search of a better one. The new settlers focus on the unexplored areas to dedicate themselves to agriculture and cattle raising.

The first reports indicate that a farmer named Antônio Joaquim dos Santos was the first settler to establish a farm in the 19th century. He named his property as  Fazenda Olhos D'Água  (Portuguese for  Water holes farm  ) due to the amount of water springs in the area.

The increasing numbers of migrant colonials settling in the area and the need for a collectivized farming led the local community the decision to create the village. In 1903, the landowners invitated the English immigrants Robert John Reid, and William Leatherbarrow, to separate the lands and establish the city.

The town was elevated to a district of Barretos on December 18, 1906, and named as "Vila Olímpia" in honor to Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira, who was the daughter of Antônio Olímpio Rodrigues Vieira. Vieira was one of the founders of the city.

Nowadays, a range of buildings reveal the timeline of Olimpia 's history and were declared historical landmarks, such as the old railway station, and the first hospital of the city Beneficiência Portuguesa.

The city was separated from Barretos on December 7, 1917.

In July 2014, it was approved by the São Paulo State Legislative Assembly, a bill that turned Olímpia into a Touristic Municipality.

Toponym
The name of the city comes from Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira, daughter of one of the men who founded the city.

Economy
The service sector is the largest employer. Trade and Services accounted 65.5%, followed by the Industry representing 26% and the primary sector accounting 8.2% of the GDP.

Thermas dos Laranjais
Olimpia is home to Thermas dos Laranjais water park, one of the most visited water parks in the world. The park was opened in 1987 and is home to the largest complex of thrilling waterslides in Brazil occupying an area of 358.797 sq. yd. (300 km2).

It boasts more than 55 attractions. These include waterslides, surfing facilities, pools, rivers, and family-friendly offerings.

According to Themed Entertainment Association (TEA), by 2019 the park received 1.8 million visitors.

Culture
Olímpia is known as The capital of Folklore promoting every year the National Folklore Festival of Olimpia, when Brazilian folklore groups meet themselves to perform on stage their local dances ranging from Gaucho tradition groups to Amazonian dances.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Sports
The city is home to Olímpia Futebol Clube.

Transportation

 * SP-322 - Rodovia Armando de Salles Oliveira
 * SP-425 - Rodovia Assis Chateaubriand

title: Olímpia


text:
Talk:Gray Television

Copy-and-paste move
This was copy-and-paste moved from Grey Television. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 19:14, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Modification of television station ownership table
The table listing the stations must be modified to look like the one that is present on the List of stations owned or operated by Sinclair Broadcast Group. J4lambert (talk) 17:12, 2 January 2019 (UTC)

Split the station listing to a separate page?
Could we split the Gray's station listing table to a separate page? The listing is taking up the majority of the main page, as its footprint is just as vast as Sinclair & Nexstar, and they have their own separate station listing pages (Sinclair, Nexstar). Csworldwide1 (talk) 13:38, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed - split for length. Plus it makes it hard to add Circle network, which is close to being notable. I added it here as the redirect was to this article, but with out some thing like moving the stations to its own page moving it to Ryman/Opry article. --Spshu (talk) 16:26, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree- it makes sense to treat Gray the same as Sinclair and Nexstar.Cxristopher (talk) 15:54, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Circle

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

 * Why isn't Circle TV is on its own article page, instead of a redirect page? Csworldwide1 (talk) 22:56, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Against. Because, the network doesn't meet WP:Notability: "...gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time..." means that (just a couple of) major news outlets that don't routinely cover music and TV need to cover the subject. I just have either music or TV news sources. Spshu (talk) 20:51, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Someone may want to consider making a separate article for Circle, complete with all the available affiliates throughout the county, and those affiliates' broadcast network association. Johnsmith2116 (talk) 10:52, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Read above about considering making a separate article for Circle. Spshu (talk) 13:33, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * It is plenty notable with plenty of sources. It is a music TV channel, it is going to be mostly Music and TV sources. Both Heartland (TV network) and The Country Network exist with far less. Mo2010 (talk) 18:45, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * That many just mean that those channels may not be notable either (WP:OTHER) - perhaps we need a "List of country music channels" article. Number of sources is not the only factor but what type. Spshu (talk) 18:56, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If we are going by the standard you are putting up Antenna TV, Cozi TV, Decades (TV network) and most of the Digital broadcast television networks are not notable becouse the sources for most all of them are industry publications. So perhaps we need a "List of digital broadcast television networks" if that is the standard we are keeping to. Mo2010 (talk) 19:12, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Here are two major news outlets that aren't specifically music/TV related that have covered Circle:
 * https://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/2019/12/12/circle-tv-craig-morgan-orpy-live-bluebird-cafe-sessions-network/4407838002/
 * https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/grand-ole-opry-coming-television-150046460.html
 * PlnOTA (talk) 05:51, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Tennessean is a regional (mostly the state) paper and the yahoo article is from Southern Living magazine. Thus I would not consider them major outlets like NY or LA Times, CNN, etc. Spshu (talk) 21:07, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You might not consider them major outlets, but they do meet WP:GNG and WP:RS. Also, "significant coverage" doesn't mean covered by multiple different "major outlets", it means that the topic is discussed at at least one source, ie: more than just a passing mention as part of another article.PlnOTA (talk) 23:59, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Support split Yeah its a new network but it already has more affiliates than some of the other secondary OTA networks. Right now Gray Television is acting as 2-for-1 deal and the entire section on Circle meets WP:V. Industry sources are fine as long as they are reliable. Circle also has sources from USA Today, Rolling Stone and reliable local news sources. WP:N also says "...and are not outside the scope of Wikipedia. We consider evidence from reliable and independent sources to gauge this attention." Instead of looking at the "In a nutshell" as a reason to decline one should look at WP:GNG and a standalone article for Circle meets significant coverage, reliable, sources and independent of the subject (in this case Circle, Gray Television and Opry Entertainment Group, Inc.). Circle also meets WP:NRV and WP:NOTTEMPORARY. The only thing an article about Circle has against it is the short time it has been on air. However given the fact it has established affiliations with almost 50% of the United States (via an antenna), has a streaming counterpart (Circle All Access), and the section is not dependent on primary sources it does meet all other aspects of WP:N with flying colors and also meets WP:V which means it can survive on its own.   Alucard 16  ❯❯❯ chat?    12:01, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * WP:V only covers what is allow in a notable article. I am basic referencing GNG in indicating the nutshell, ie. significate covarage and at large. USA Today itself doesn't have an article, but that is a Tennessean article which is a part of (host on) the USA Today Network website. If it did then I would change my position. Rolling Stone is the only major at large source. Spshu (talk) 21:07, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Support/Addendum: I overhauled the article with supportable content to meet the grounds for split mentioned, in order to strengthen the article content, less than two weeks prior to this post; although, the original upload of the revised information on Circle with the additional references occurred during the prior split attempt, requiring reupload to the Gray article once "Circle (TV network)"—which was converted from a redirect into an article by another user as I was developing the redraft, if not shortly before then, when Circle appeared to also be included as a sub-section in the Gray Television article—was reverted to a redirect. I would argue that most network articles do fit all cited guideline criteria, as long as a reasonable amount of adequate sourcing from press releases and reliable (fairly to strongly) secondary reporting (via television websites, newspapers/news websites, etc.) is included. TVTonightOKC (talk) 15:33, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You weakened it. Adding press releases and making history into background (ie. related activities not completely about the subject) all those source would not be count toward notability as not having to do directly with Circle. Press releases are very weak in reliability given - (WP:QS) have an apparent conflict of interest, WP:SELFPUBLISH, WP:ABOUTSELF - thus would not strength notability. Spshu (talk) 21:07, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I would argue that press releases are valid forms of citations that buttress the information from secondary sources. Also, the "history" section was already written as "background" beforehand; Ryman Hospitality's prior efforts in country music-focused television provide insight into its decision to venture into this network. The section was weakened through the removal of the content, and format changes that reintroduced grammatical issues were not needed. TVTonightOKC (talk) 15:43, 23 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Press release are not valid for notability else I could write a bunch of press releases and make myself notable. There are expressly (Template:Primary sources) template warning against using press releases and the like excessively. Secondary sources are the gold standard on WP, unless there is a pertinent fact left out of them, buttressing them with press releases diminish the article. The background information was move to the section's lead not removed and has nothing to do with its notability. Thus labeling history as background would disqualify the sources there in as notability sources since they are not about the network. Spshu (talk) 20:57, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Strong support. Note though that the network's vague name might make it more difficult to hunt down reliable sources than it otherwise would be. The provided sources, including major regional newspapers and trade publications, establish enough notability to warrant a standalone article; setting the bar any higher would make such a threshold impossibly high. Plus, given the high number of affiliates (in the dozens), continuing to redirect the network's name to another article might cause substantial confusion—since it is not Gray Television's network alone, but a joint venture. J. Myrle Fuller (talk) 23:04, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Inflating the number of media outlets covering doesn't make that true. There are 1 major regional newspaper (Tennessean) and 1 major (Rolling Stone) about the subject. Trade publications are not the world at large, thus don't count as they will give them routine coverage. I didn't set the standard, you will need to have argue to get them changed. Number of affiliates and the fact that it is a joint venture are not factors in determining notability. If that was the case then the Premier Program Service, a network joint venture of MCA and Paramount back in 1991 would thus qualify (even against WP:NOTTEMPORARY as has two paper of records, NY Times and LA Times, have articles on the possible network. I will request a closure (RfC) since JMyrleFuller has assumed a vote is consensus, I don't think enough responded. Spshu (talk) 15:04, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Quincy Media might Merged into Gray Television
Merger proposal == I propose to merge Quincy Media into Peyton dodeon (talk) 18:16, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
 * The discussion is at Talk:Quincy_Media. – NJD-DE (talk) 21:25, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
 * The result of the discussion was to not merge. – NJD-DE (talk) 15:16, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

Donor info
I added donor info to the lead. Viriditas (talk) 21:42, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

Requested move 19 July 2024
Gray Television → Gray Media – New trade name per official website and this press release Mvcg66b3r (talk) 14:33, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Oppose without ANY prejudice to later discussion:
 * Looking at the votes that Sammi Brie and Nathan Obral made, they do make some good points like how the legal name is still Gray Television.
 * Also, I was looking at Gray Television's website, and some of the things STILL mention Gray Television. So yea, this is too quick of a move.
 * Also, originally, my vote was support over the website, but now it's a oppose. mer764KCTV5 /  Cospaw the Wolfo  (He/Him | t • c) 23:25, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Actually, strike down Nathan Obral's name, he didn't vote.  mer764KCTV5 /  Cospaw the Wolfo  (He/Him | t • c) 23:27, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

"Gray Media, or Gray, is a multimedia company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, formally known as Gray Television, Inc."
 * Oppose, no prejudice to later discussion Further down, the standard company disclaimer reads;

It's merely a front-facing brand and the legal company name remains Gray Television, with no change to the stock ticker symbol either. There's no grounds to rename at this time.  Nate  • ( chatter ) 20:00, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose without prejudice to later renomination It's too soon. It looks like the replacement of "Gray Television" with "Gray Media" in most applications by the company came on July 1. WP:NAMECHANGES suggests we need to wait for reliable sources to use the name in the regular course of action. I anticipate that will happen soon, even before the end of the year. Sammi Brie  (she/her • t • c) 20:42, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Agreed, Sammi; I do agree they'll be switching to Gray Media for all uses down the line, but we should wait for the legal name to change with the proper authorities.  Nate  • ( chatter ) 21:22, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gray Television


text:
Óleo

Óleo (Portuguese for "oil") is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 2,471 (2020 est.) in an area of 198 km2. The elevation is 682 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Óleo


text:
Monterey Regional Airport

Monterey Regional Airport is three miles (5 km) southeast of Monterey, in Monterey County, California, United States. It was created in 1936 and was known as the Monterey Peninsula Airport until the board of directors renamed it on September 14, 2011.

The airport is owned by the municipalities that make up the Monterey Peninsula Airport District. It is a public entity and its five-member board of directors is publicly elected.

The airport has its origins with flights from the polo field of the Hotel Del Monte in 1910. In 1941, local communities formed the Monterey Peninsula Airport District and acquired land to build an airport. World War II intervened, and the U.S. Navy leased the land, opening Naval Auxiliary Air Station Monterey on May 23, 1943. The Navy remained at the airport until 1972.

Runways
The airport covers 496 acre and has two runways:
 * 10R/28L: 7,175 x asphalt
 * 10L/28R: 3,503 x asphalt

Passenger
As of April 2024, Allegiant Air and American Airlines are the only airlines serving Monterey with mainline jets such as the Airbus A319. Allegiant planned to fly Boeing 757-200s nonstop to Honolulu starting in November 2012; however, this Hawaii service never started and was subsequently permanently cancelled. Avelo Airlines also planned Boeing 737-800 service to Burbank beginning in September 2021; however, this service was also cancelled temporarily before it launched.

Historical airline service
In 1933 Pacific Seaboard Air Lines scheduled passenger flights on single engine Bellanca CH-300s, two daily round trips Los Angeles - Santa Barbara - Santa Maria - San Luis Obispo - Paso Robles - Monterey - Salinas - San Jose - San Francisco. Pacific Seaboard later moved its operation to the eastern U.S., was renamed Chicago and Southern Air Lines, and become a domestic and international airline that in 1953 was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines.

Past jet service

 * United Airlines mainline flights served Monterey from the 1930s until 2001. In 1966 United Convair 340s flew nonstop to San Francisco (SFO) and direct to Los Angeles (LAX) via Santa Barbara. In 1969 all United flights at Monterey were operated with Boeing 727-100s and Boeing 737-200s nonstop to Los Angeles and San Francisco. United later operated Douglas DC-8s, Boeing 727-200s, 757-200s and Airbus A320s to Monterey; the United DC-8 and 757 were the largest passenger aircraft ever scheduled to MRY. In 1979-81 United B727-100s flew nonstop to Chicago and Denver. In 1942 United Douglas DC-3s flew to Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Barbara.
 * Pacific Air Lines: Boeing 727-100s. Pacific operated the first jets from Monterey in 1966, nonstop 727s to San Francisco and direct 727s to Los Angeles via Santa Barbara. The longest runway was then 5,000 feet.
 * Hughes Airwest (formerly Air West): Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s. In 1968 predecessor Air West Boeing 727-100s (formerly flown by Pacific Air Lines) flew nonstop to Los Angeles and direct to Las Vegas.
 * Air California (predecessor of AirCal): Boeing 737-200s
 * Pacific Express: BAC One-Elevens
 * Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA): Boeing 727-100s and 727-200s in the late 1970s followed by BAe 146-200s in the late 1980s
 * USAir (predecessor of US Airways): BAe 146-200s (formerly operated by Pacific Southwest Airlines)
 * WestAir (operating as United Express): BAe 146-200s
 * America West Express (operated by Mesa Airlines): Canadair CRJ200s
 * ExpressJet (operating independently): Embraer ERJ-145s

According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), in late 1978 four airlines were operating daily nonstop jet service on the short hop from San Francisco International Airport (SFO) including Air California with Boeing 737-200s, Hughes Airwest with McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s, Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) with Boeing 727-200s, and United Airlines with Boeing 737-200s. This same OAG also lists nonstop 737 jet service operated by United and nonstop 727 jet service operated by Pacific Southwest from the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), nonstop 737 service operated by Air California from Ontario, CA (ONT), Orange County, CA (SNA) and Sacramento (SMF) as well as direct, no change of plane 737 jet service operated by United from Denver (DEN), Reno (RNO) and Salt Lake City (SLC) and also direct one stop 737 service operated by Air California and direct one stop 727 service operated by Pacific Southwest from San Diego (SAN).

Before starting 727 service, Pacific Air Lines served Monterey with Martin 4-0-4s followed by Fairchild F-27s. Predecessor Southwest Airways began serving Monterey in the late 1940s with Douglas DC-3s. Pacific Air Lines merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines in 1968 to form Air West which was renamed Hughes Airwest in 1970 after its acquisition by Howard Hughes.

Golden Gate Airlines
Golden Gate Airlines was based in Monterey and served over 20 cities, primarily in California and also in Colorado, Idaho, Nevada and Utah. This regional air carrier operated a fleet of turboprop aircraft including Convair 580s, Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners, Fokker F27s, de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7s and Aerospatiale N 262s (Nord 262); their March 1, 1980 timetable claims over a thousand flights were being operated weekly. The airline ceased operations circa 1981 after an unsuccessful merger with Swift Aire Lines which was based in San Luis Obispo, CA. In 1980-81 Golden Gate flew nonstop from Monterey to Fresno, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Barbara and Reno.

Regional and commuter airline service
Several other regional and commuter air carriers served Monterey in the 1980s and 1990s, primarily to Los Angeles and/or San Francisco. These included Apollo Airways and successor Pacific Coast Airlines, Mid Pacific Air operating as Reno Air Express (to San Jose), Sierra Expressway (to Oakland), SkyWest Airlines initially operating as Delta Connection and later as United Express, StatesWest Airlines operating as USAir Express, WestAir Commuter Airlines initially operating independently and later as United Express, and Wings West initially operating independently and later as American Eagle Airlines. Turboprops operated by these carriers included the Beechcraft 99, Beechcraft 1900C, BAe Jetstream 31, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia, Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner, Handley Page Jetstream, Saab 340, Short 330 and Short 360.

Mesa Airlines and SkyWest both operating as American Eagle and SkyWest also operating as United Express continue to serve Monterey with regional jet flights. Mesa Air operates Canadair CRJ-900s and SkyWest operates Canadair CRJ-200s and CRJ-700s. Horizon Air operating on behalf of Alaska Airlines serves the airport with Bombardier Q400s, the largest and fastest member of the de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8 family.

Ground transportation
The airport is located along Olmstead Road just north of Highway 68 (Salinas Hwy). Highway 1 can be reached to the northwest via Highway 68. The airport provides both short-term and long-term parking facilities. Also, a premium parking lot is located directly in front of the terminal.

Monterey–Salinas Transit is the public ground transit organization that serves the airport. Taxi services for the airport are regulated by the Monterey County Regional Taxi Authority. The ridesharing services Lyft and Uber are also permitted to operate at the airport.

Accidents and incidents
On June 14, 1964 at about 7:35 pm a Piper PA-28 (tail number N5384W) hit trees in Monterey, killing the 34-year-old student pilot. The investigation into the fatal accident revealed that the pilot misjudged his altitude, flying too low and under the influence of alcohol. The crash also caused the Piper to catch fire.

On August 17, 1968 at about 12:36 pm, a Cessna 210 (tail number N9676T) stalled while landing at the Monterey Peninsula Airport. During the landing, the 48-year-old pilot suffered a heart attack, which caused his Cessna to stall. The Cessna was destroyed upon impact. The pilot had about 5,743 flight hours of experience.

On July 26, 1979 at about 9:43 pm a Cessna 320A (tail number N3005R) crashed during its final approach to Monterey. The 62-year-old pilot used improper Instrument Flight Rules operations. The pilot had about 3,621 flight hours.

On August 23, 1984 at about 8:51 pm a Cessna 320C (tail number N7AE) departed from Monterey under Special Visual Flight Rules with a 58-year-old pilot and four passengers. At about 8:55 pm Air Traffic Control advised N7AE to turn left to avoid rising terrain. The Cessna was unable to avoid the terrain, crashed, and caught fire; all aboard died. The investigation revealed that the pilot made poor decisions and did not follow instructions from Air Traffic Control. The pilot had about 2,041 hours of flight experience.

On July 27, 1985 a Piper PA-28-235 (tail number N15548) took off from Monterey to practice holding patterns over Monterey Bay. About 12 minutes into the flight, the 60-year-old pilot radioed Air Traffic Control, "Mayday, rough engine." The Piper disappeared from Air Traffic Control's radar at about 1300 feet. Later the United States Coast Guard discovered pieces of the Piper in the ocean. The investigation revealed that the pilot used improper procedures. The pilot had about 1,923 hours of flight experience.

On July 24, 1987 a Piper PA-32R-301T (tail number N82793) was cleared for an Instrument Landing System approach when the 39-year-old pilot decided to conduct a go around procedure. About 30 seconds after initiating the procedure, the pilot radioed Air Traffic Control, "Seven niner three, in trouble." Sixteen seconds later another transmission is broadcast, "I have, I have an emergency back here." The Piper was seen making a 400-foot descent below assigned altitude and disappeared into Monterey Bay. A boater reported seeing the Piper "dive out" of a cloud and crash into the water. The investigation revealed that the pilot experienced spatial disorientation and lacked instrument flying time. The pilot had about 528 hours of flight experience.

On September 8, 1987 at about 5:50 pm, a Beechcraft 95 (tail number N845B), being flown by a 31-year-old student pilot, was conducting multi-engine training at Monterey. The pilot started practicing Instrument Landing System approaches. During an approach for a landing, the Beechcraft crashed into the ground. The investigation revealed that there was inadequate supervision during the training exercise. The pilot and student pilot were killed.

On June 24, 1992 a Cessna 421B (tail number N628RJ), the 40-year-old pilot and two passengers took off from Monterey. About three minutes after takeoff the Cessna collided with a hill about three miles east of the airport. The investigation revealed that ground fog and overconfidence in the pilot caused the accident. All three were killed. The pilot had about 75 hours of flight experience.

On August 7, 1997 at about 8:00 pm a Grumman American AA-5 (tail number N6086L) took off from Monterey. The Grumman was later found 18 miles south of the airport. It had crashed into the mountains which caused the Grumman to catch fire. The 31-year-old pilot had about 4,000 hours of flight experience.

On October 12, 1997 at about 5:28 pm a Rutan Long-EZ (tail number N555JD) being flown by musician and performer John Denver crashed into Monterey Bay near Pacific Grove. After taking off from Monterey the Long-EZ started its climb then descended into the bay. The investigation revealed that the collision was caused by the fuel valve selector being in an improper position. Inadequate flight planning also contributed to the collision. John Denver had about 2,750 hours of flight experience and was fatally injured in this accident.

On July 13, 2021, at around 10:42 am, a Cessna 421C (tail number N678SW), piloted by Mary Ellen Carlin crashed into a suburban residential area killing the pilot, passenger and a pet. Investigators found that the Cessna 421C diverged from its flight plan, resulting in a crash less than five minutes after departure.

title: Monterey Regional Airport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gooble

Gooble
The creator of Buddhala strikes back (deletion of Buddhala asked four days ago, see at Votes_for_deletion/Buddhala), but now uses AOL IP addresses, hence gets harder to spot. Again a spurious entry with some humour. --French Tourist 19:15, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Fire Star 20:28, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Ds Patent nonsense if ever I saw it. Chris 01:15, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted by me. Pure and obvious joke.  The carbohydrate potato reference kind of tells us the age range of our little pet monkey.  Fogeys like me don't think of Atkins first. Geogre 01:53, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gooble


text:
Onda Verde

Onda Verde (Portuguese for "green wave") is a municipality in the northern part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 4,422 (2020 est.) in an area of 242.3 km². The city belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Onda Verde


text:
Beer Hackett

Beer Hackett is a small village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, situated 3 mi southwest of Sherborne and 5 mi southeast of Yeovil. The civil parish includes the small settlement of Knighton to the east. Dorset County Council's 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the civil parish is 100.

Beer Hackett was not recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. The nave and west tower of the parish church were originally built in the early 15th century, though the whole building was radically restored in the 19th century.

title: Beer Hackett


text:
Oriente, São Paulo

Oriente (Portuguese for "east") is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 6,542 (2020 est.) in an area of 219 km². The elevation is 604 m.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1944.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

Notable people

 * Marcos Roberto Silveira Reis, football player

title: Oriente, São Paulo


text:
Po'e

Po‘e or poke is a Polynesian pudding usually eaten as a dessert.

Etymology
The Tahitian word po'e is derived from the proto-Polynesian root poke which means "to mix", "to knead". It is still called poke in all Polynesian languages except in the Tahitian language and in the Austral language on the island of Raivavae where the glottal stop (written as an apostrophe ') has replaced the voiceless velar stop (k).

Preparation
Traditionally po'e was made by cooking and mashing bananas into a smooth consistency and mixing together with arrowroot flour. The mixture was wrapped in banana leaves and baked in an earth oven until set into a pudding-like consistency, cut into smaller pieces and served together with coconut cream. Modern versions of the recipe replace bananas with other fruits such as papaya, mango or squash and using cassava or corn starch as the thickening agent.

title: Po'e