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Central Railroad of New Jersey

The Central Railroad of New Jersey, also known as the Jersey Central, Jersey Central Lines or New Jersey Central, was a Class I railroad with origins in the 1830s. It was absorbed into Conrail in April 1976 along with several other prominent bankrupt railroads of the Northeastern United States.

The CNJ's main line had a major presence in New Jersey. Most of the main line is now used by the Raritan Valley Line passenger service. CNJ main line trackage in Phillipsburg, New Jersey became part of the Lehigh Line under Conrail.

19th century
The earliest railroad ancestor of the CNJ was the Elizabethtown & Somerville Railroad, incorporated in 1831 and opened from Elizabethport to Elizabeth, New Jersey in 1836. Horses gave way to steam in 1839, and the railroad was extended west, reaching Somerville at the beginning of 1842. The Somerville and Easton Railroad was incorporated in 1847 and began building westward.

In 1849, it purchased the Elizabethtown & Somerville and adopted a new name: Central Railroad Company of New Jersey. The line reached Phillipsburg, on the east bank of the Delaware River, in 1852. It was extended east across Newark Bay to Jersey City in 1864, and it gradually acquired branches to Flemington, Newark, Perth Amboy, Chester, and Wharton.

The New Jersey Southern (NJS) began construction in 1860 at Port Monmouth. The railroad worked its way southwest across lower New Jersey and reached Bayside, New Jersey, on the Delaware River west of Bridgeton, New Jersey in 1871. The NJS came under control of the CNJ in 1879. CNJ's influence briefly extended across the Delaware River in the form of the Baltimore & Delaware Bay Railroad, from Bombay Hook, Delaware, east of Townsend, to Chestertown, Maryland. That line became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) family in 1901.

CNJ's lines in Pennsylvania were built by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company as the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad (L&S). The main line was completed between Phillipsburg, New Jersey and Wilkes-Barre in 1866. A notable feature of the line was the Ashley Planes, a steep stretch of line (maximum grade was 14.65%) operated by cables driven by stationary engines, which remained in service until after World War II (WWII). CNJ leased the L&S in 1871. The line was extended to Scranton in 1888 by a subsidiary of the L&S, the Wilkes-Barre & Scranton; L&S leased the line upon completion and assigned the lease to the CNJ. The bulk of the traffic on the Pennsylvania lines was anthracite coal, much of it produced by subsidiaries of the railroad, until the Commodities Clause of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1920 forbade railroads to haul freight in which they had an interest.

From 1883 to 1887, the CNJ was leased to and operated by the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, with which it formed a New York-Philadelphia route. CNJ resumed its own management after reorganization in 1887.

The primary rolling stock repair shops were located in Elizabethport, New Jersey along Trumbull Avenue. In 1901 the original shops were razed and new, concrete shops took their place, capable of servicing 430 locomotives and 20,000 freight cars annually. With the primary freight and passenger yards at Jersey City, New Jersey opposite Manhattan, a terminal and shop site was also needed in the Communipaw neighborhood. This facility was modernized in 1914 and included two roundhouses and light repair shops.

20th century
In 1901, the Reading Company (RDG), successor to the Philadelphia & Reading, acquired control of the CNJ through purchase of a majority of its stock, and at about the same time Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O) acquired control of the RDG, gaining access to New York over RDG and CNJ rails.

In 1929, CNJ inaugurated the Blue Comet, a deluxe coach train operating twice daily between Jersey City and Atlantic City. It was painted blue from the pilot of its 4-6-2 to the rear bulkhead of its observation car, and its refurbished cars offered a level of comfort much higher than the usual day coach of the era. The train was the forerunner of the coach streamliners that blossomed nationwide in the late 1930s and the 1940s. It succumbed to automobile competition in 1941. Also in 1929 CNJ purchased a 30 percent interest in the Raritan River Railroad, a 12-mile (19 km) short line from South Amboy to New Brunswick. In 1931 it acquired total ownership of the Wharton & Northern Railroad and a partial interest in the Mount Hope Mineral Railroad from Warren Foundry & Pipe Corporation.

Following World War II, passenger traffic diminished, and was almost entirely commuter business, requiring great amounts of rolling stock for two short periods five days a week. Three-fourths of CNJ's freight traffic terminated on line; the railroad was essentially a terminal carrier, which meant little profit was made, if any. In addition, heavy taxes levied by the state of New Jersey ate up much of CNJ's revenue.

In 1946, the lines in Pennsylvania were organized as the Central Railroad of Pennsylvania (CRP) in an effort to escape taxation by the state of New Jersey. CNJ resumed its own operation of the Pennsylvania lines at the end of 1952. The CRP continued in existence as owner of the Easton & Western, four miles of track in Easton, Pennsylvania.

The merger between the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and Norfolk and Western Railway proposed in 1965 sought to counter the impending PRR merger with New York Central Railroad merger was to have included CNJ, but the bankruptcy of Penn Central Transportation Company killed that prospect. CNJ drafted elaborate plans for reorganization; they came to naught as neighboring railroads collapsed. Conrail took over freight operations of the CNJ on April 1, 1976; with passenger routes transferred to the New Jersey Department of Transportation including the present New Jersey Transit North Jersey Coast Line and Raritan Valley Line.

In 1961, the Lehigh and New England Railroad was abandoned, and CNJ acquired a few of its branches and organized them as the Lehigh and New England Railroad. In 1963, Lehigh Coal & Navigation sold its railroad properties to the RDG, but the lease to the CNJ continued.

In 1964, the state of New Jersey began subsidizing commuter service, and the tax situation changed in 1967.

In 1965, CNJ and the Lehigh Valley Railroad consolidated their lines along the Lehigh River in Pennsylvania and portions of each railroad's line were abandoned; the commercial anthracite traffic that had supported both railroads had largely disappeared. CNJ operations in Pennsylvania ended March 31, 1972.

CNJ maintained a small carfloat terminal in The Bronx. It was the site of the first successful Class 1 railroad diesel operation. Over the years CNJ maintained an extensive marine operation on New York Bay, including a steamer line to Sandy Hook.

On April 30, 1967, CNJ's last marine service, the ferry line between Manhattan and CNJ's rail terminal at Jersey City, made its last run, which was also the last day for the terminal itself; the next day CNJ passenger trains began originating and terminating at the PRR station in Newark via the Aldene Connection, where New York City passengers could transfer to either PRR or Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) trains.

In 1979, CNJ emerged from bankruptcy as Central Jersey Industries, later renamed CJI Industries. In 1986, it merged with the packaging company Triangle Industries, owned by Nelson Peltz.

Main initial corridors
CNJ had its northeastern terminus at Elizabethport, New Jersey. In 1864 CNJ extended its railroad across the bay into Bayonne, and north to the Jersey City terminus. It had used a succession of bridges over the years, the last being Newark Bay Bridge, demolished in the 1980s.

From Elizabethport, trains went to different corridors. One headed towards Elizabeth and Plainfield and points west and southwest. The second went south towards Perth Amboy and today's North Jersey Coast Line and different southern New Jersey destinations. CNJ operated several trains into Pennsylvania and other points west or south, in association with the RDG. B&O also used CNJ tracks for the final approach to Jersey City.

Portions still operated

 * Aldene-High Bridge (Main Line): New Jersey Transit (NJT) Raritan Valley Line
 * Perth Amboy-Bay Head: NJT North Jersey Coast Line
 * Elizabethport-Aldene; Elizabethport-Perth Amboy; Jersey City-Bayonne; Red Bank-Lakehurst: Conrail Shared Assets Operations
 * Lakehurst-Woodmansie: Cape May Seashore Lines
 * Winslow Junction-Vineland: Southern Railroad of New Jersey
 * Dover & Rockaway Branch (Wharton-Rockaway); High Bridge Branch (Kenvil-Flanders): Morristown & Erie Railway
 * White Haven PA - Laurel Run PA: Reading Blue Mountain and Northern -- remnant of the joint operation with the Lehigh Valley post-1965

Predecessor railroads

 * Buena Vista Railroad
 * Carteret & Sewaren Railroad
 * Carteret Extension Railroad
 * Cumberland & Maurice River Railroad
 * Cumberland & Maurice River Extension Railroad
 * Elizabeth Extension Railroad
 * Freehold & Atlantic Highlands Railroad
 * Lafayette Railroad
 * Manufacturers' Extension Railroad
 * Middle Brook Railroad
 * New Jersey Terminal Railroad
 * New Jersey Southern Railroad
 * Navesink Railroad
 * Passaic River Extension Railroad
 * Raritan North Shore Railroad
 * Sound Shore Railroad
 * Toms River Railroad
 * Toms River & Barnegat Railroad
 * Vineland Railroad
 * Vineland Branch Railway
 * West Side Connecting Railroad
 * West End Railroad

Named passenger trains
CNJ operated several named trains, most of which were interstate operations:
 * Blue Comet: Jersey City, New Jersey-Atlantic City, New Jersey
 * Bullet: Jersey City-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania via Allentown, Pennsylvania
 * Crusader: Jersey City-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (with RDG)
 * Interstate Express: Syracuse, New York-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (with the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad and RDG)
 * Mermaid: Sandy Hook, New Jersey-Scranton, Pennsylvania
 * Queen of the Valley: Jersey City-Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (with RDG)
 * Wall Street: Jersey City-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (with RDG)
 * Williamsporter: Jersey City, New Jersey-Williamsport, Pennsylvania

Several non-CNJ trains operated over CNJ trackage north of Bound Brook, New Jersey to the Jersey City terminal:
 * Capitol Limited: Jersey City, New Jersey-Chicago, Illinois (B&O)
 * National Limited: Jersey City, New Jersey-St. Louis, Missouri (B&O)
 * Royal Blue: Jersey City, New Jersey-Washington, D.C. (B&O)

Heritage units
To celebrate its 30th anniversary in 2012, Norfolk Southern painted 20 new locomotives with predecessor schemes. NS #1071, an EMD SD70ACe locomotive, was painted with the CNJ orange and blue.

In 2019, NJ Transit painted locomotive 4109 in a heritage scheme based on that of the CNJ GP40P.

title: Central Railroad of New Jersey


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Chea Sim

Chea Sim (ជា ស៊ីម; 15 November 1932 – 8 June 2015) was a Cambodian politician. He was President of the Cambodian People's Party from 1991 to 2015, President of the National Assembly of Cambodia from 1981 to 1998 (Vice President from June to October 1993) and President of the Senate from 1999 to 2015. His official title was Samdech Akka Moha Thomma Pothisal Chea Sim (សម្តេចអគ្គមហាធម្មពោធិ៍សាល ជា ស៊ីម).

Life and career
Chea Sim was born on 15 November 1932, in Romeas Haek, Svay Rieng Province to an ethnic Chinese family. As a young man, he partook in one of the first revolutionary movement by the communist Khmer People's Revolutionary Party (Khmer: គណបក្សប្រជាជនបដិវត្តន៍កម្ពុជា, KPRP), currently the ruling party of Cambodia. The movement which he joined was against Colonial France in the early 1950s. He later became a military commander of the communist Khmer Rouge even before it finally toppled the US-backed Lon Nol government in 1975.

Like Heng Samrin and Hun Sen, he defected in 1978 from the Khmer Rouge, which was backed by China, and fled to Vietnam to join an anti-Khmer Rouge movement known as a resistance faction groomed by Vietnam. He later held positions in the new party and People's Republic of Kampuchea government, installed and backed by Vietnam after it invaded Cambodia and ousted the Khmer Rouge in 1979. He was among the founding members of the United Front for the National Salvation of Kampuchea, the Vietnam-backed group that defeated the Khmer Rouge in 1979.

Chea Sim was considered an important figure when negotiations happened, resulting in the 1991 Paris Peace Accord, which brokered a deal supposed to end three decades of civil war and paved the way for the U.N.-organized elections in 1993. After the elections, even though the royalist FUNCINPEC party topped the polls at that time, Hun Sen insisted that it share power with his Cambodian People's Party, and four years later grabbed the sole power for his Cambodia People's Party.

From 6 April 1992 to 14 June 1993, Chea Sim served as the nation's interim leader (Chairman of the Council of State) before Cambodia became a constitutional monarchy. He also acted as Head of State on behalf of King Norodom Sihanouk for brief periods in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 2004. Sihanouk awarded Chea Sim the honorary title of Sâmdech in 1993.

After the King announced his permanent abdication on October 7, 2004, Chea Sim once again became acting Head of State. In the same year, he was escorted out of the country after refusing to sign off as acting head of state on changing the constitution, which would eventually help the CPP and the Funcinpec parties form a coalition government under the deal between Hun Sen and prince Norodom Ranariddh.

Many saw it as the first-ever public display of power struggle and infighting between Hun Sen and Chea Sim. Subsequently, Hun Sen continued his tactic of replacing Chea Sim's loyalists with his favourite candidates for important roles in the party and government. Chea Sim had led a powerful faction within the ruling CPP party which was at times at odds with Hun Sen and his supporters, but many describe Sim's role after that as little more than symbolic.

Illness and death
Chea Sim left the position of acting Head of State on 14 October 2004, when Norodom Sihamoni became king. He was absent from the 63rd anniversary celebrations of the CPP in June 2014, following years in which age and illness from high blood pressure, diabetes, and other chronic ailments forced him to back away from his roles and receive medical care in Vietnam. The Phnom Penh Post reported that Hun Sen was publicly referred to as “acting CPP president” for the first time at the anniversary event. In the months leading to his death, Chea Sim's signature continued to appear on documents passed by the Senate, of which he was president, but which was in practice presided over by his Deputy President, Say Chhum.

He died on 8 June 2015. Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia, signed a royal decree to establish a commission to organize the funeral of Chea Sim. The commission was chaired by Heng Samrin, President of the National Assembly along with three vice chairmen, including Prime Minister Hun Sen; Say Chhum, Acting President of Senate; Kong Sam Ol, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Royal Palace. Cambodia scheduled a formal mourning ceremony for Chea Sim for 19 June 2015.

Commentary
Human Rights Watch Asia Director Brad Adams described it as a "mockery of justice" that Chea Sim was able to continue being one of the rulers of the post-Khmer Rouge government without being brought to justice, as Chea Sim was accused of overseeing atrocities committed under his role as a military commander. Brad Adams also accused Chea Sim of operating "a police state" in the 1980s that arrested, imprisoned, and tortured Cambodian political activists without trial.

Minister of Information Khieu Kanharith criticized The Phnom Penh Post for publishing an article which accused Chea Sim of violating human rights under the Khmer Rouge regime. Khieu Kanharith said that in the Cambodian tradition, respect for the dead is very important during the mourning ceremony and that The Phnom Penh Post could be sued if Chea Sim's family members wished to do so.

AKP argued, in that barbaric regime, Samdech Chea Sim was just a simple local official. AKP argued Chea Sim and his family members were also victims (of the regime) as other Cambodian people. The spokesperson of the Ministry of Interior strongly rejected the comments made by Director of Asia Division for Human Rights Watch and quoted by The Phnom Penh Post.

Sam Rainsy, the leader and co-founder of the main opposition party, Cambodia National Rescue Party, and a member of Parliament (MP) for Kampong Cham since July 2014, hailed Chea Sim as a national hero and likened him to the popular late king Norodom Sihanouk who, Rainsy said, considered Chea Sim as his "little brother". Once considered as the second most powerful man in the government after Hun Sen, Chea Sim, as Rainsy said, was highly regarded for his patriotic ideals and national reconciliation after the Khmer Rouge.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chea Sim


text: User talk:80.46.35.34

title: User talk:80.46.35.34


text: User talk:64.53.208.233

title: User talk:64.53.208.233


text: User talk:64.12.116.140

title: User talk:64.12.116.140


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Talk:Paradigm/Tract

The HUMAN PARADIGM
The HUMAN PARADIGM

Consider:

The missing element in every human 'solution' is an accurate definition of the creature.

The way we define 'human' determines our view of self, others, relationships, institutions, life, and future. Important? Only the Creator who made us in His own image is qualified to define us accurately. Choose wisely... there are results. In an effort to diminish the multiple and persistent dangers and abuses which have characterized the affairs of man in his every Age, and to assist in the requisite search for human identity, it is essential to perceive and specify that distinction which naturally and most uniquely defines the human being. Because definitions rule in the minds, behaviors, and institutions of men, we can be confident that delineating and communicating that quality will assist the process of resolution and the courageous ascension to which man is called. As Americans of the 21st Century, we are obliged and privi- leged to join our forebears and participate in this continuing paradigm proclamation.

"WHAT IS MAN...?" God asks - and answers: HUMAN DEFINED: EARTH'S CHOICEMAKER by JAMES FLETCHER BAXTER (c) 2006

Many problems in human experience are the result of false and inaccurate definitions of humankind premised in man- made religions and humanistic philosophies.

Human knowledge is a fraction of the whole universe. The balance is a vast void of human ignorance. Human reason cannot fully function in such a void, thus, the intellect can rise no higher than the criteria by which it perceives and measures values.

Humanism makes man his own standard of measure. However, as with all measuring systems, a standard must be greater than the value measured. Based on preponderant ignorance and an egocentric carnal nature, humanism demotes reason to the simpleton task of excuse-making in behalf of the rule of appetites, desires, feelings, emotions, and glands.

Because man, hobbled in an ego-centric predicament, cannot invent criteria greater than himself, the humanist lacks a predictive capability. Without instinct or transcendent criteria, humanism cannot evaluate options with foresight and vision for progression and survival. Lacking foresight, man is blind to potential consequence and is unwittingly committed to mediocrity, averages, and regression - and worse. Humanism is an unworthy worship.

The void of human ignorance can easily be filled with a functional faith while not-so-patiently awaiting the foot- dragging growth of human knowledge and behavior. Faith, initiated by the Creator and revealed and validated in His Word, the Bible, brings a transcendent standard to man the choice-maker. Other philosophies and religions are man- made, humanism, and thereby lack what only the Bible has:

1.Transcendent Criteria and 2.Fulfilled Prophetic Validation.

The vision of faith in God and His Word is survival equip- ment for today and the future.

Man is earth's Choicemaker. Psalm 25:12 He is by nature and nature's God a creature of Choice - and of Criteria. Psalm 119:30,173 His unique and definitive characteristic is, and of Right ought to be, the natural foundation of his environments, institutions, and respectful relations to his fellow-man. Thus, he is oriented to a Freedom whose roots are in the Order of the universe.

At the sub-atomic level of the physical universe quantum physics indicates a multifarious gap or division in the causal chain; particles to which position cannot be assigned at all times, systems that pass from one energy state to another without manifestation in intermediate states, entities without mass, fields whose substance is as insubstantial as "a probability."

Only statistical conglomerates pay tribute to deterministic forces. Singularities do not and are therefore random, unpredictable, mutant, and in this sense, uncaused. The finest contribution inanimate reality is capable of making toward choice, without its own selective agencies, is this continuing manifestation of opportunity as the pre-condition to choice it defers to the natural action of living forms.

Biological science affirms that each level of life, single-cell to man himself, possesses attributes of sensitivity, discrimination, and selectivity, and in  the exclusive and unique nature of each diversified life form.

The survival and progression of life forms has all too often been dependent upon the ever-present undeterminative potential and appearance of one unique individual organism within the whole spectrum of a given life-form. Only the uniquely equipped individual organism is, like The Golden Wedge of Ophir, capable of traversing the causal gap to  survival and progression. Mere reproductive determinacy would have rendered life forms incapable of such potential. Only a moving universe of opportunity plus choice enables the present reality.

Each individual human being possesses a unique, highly developed, and sensitive perception of diversity. Thus aware, man is endowed with a natural capability for enact- ing internal mental and external physical selectivity. Quantitative and qualitative choice-making thus lends itself as the superior basis of an active intelligence.

Man is earth's Choicemaker. His title describes his definitive and typifying characteristic. Recall that his other features are but vehicles of experience intent on the development of perceptive awareness and the following acts of decision. Note that the products of man cannot define him for they are the fruit of the discerning choice-making process and include the cognition of self, the utility of experience, the development of value-measuring systems and language, and the acculturation of civilization.

The arts and the sciences of man, as with his habits, customs, and traditions, are the creative harvest of his perceptive and selective powers. Creativity is a choice-making process. His articles, constructs, and commodities, however marvelous to behold, deserve neither awe nor idolatry, for man, not his contrivance, is earth's own highest expression of the creative process.

Man is earth's Choicemaker. The sublime and significant act of choosing is, itself, the Archimedean fulcrum upon which man levers and redirects the forces of cause and effect to an elected level of quality and diversity. Further, it orients him toward a natural environmental opportunity, freedom, and bestows earth's title, The Choicemaker, on his singular and plural brow.

Deterministic systems, ideological symbols of abdication by man from his natural role as earth's Choicemaker, inevitably degenerate into collectivism; the negation of singularity, they become a conglomerate plural-based system of measuring human value. Blunting an awareness of diversity, blurring alternatives, and limiting the selective creative process, they are self-relegated to a passive and circular regression.

Tampering with man's selective nature endangers his survival for it would render him impotent and obsolete by denying the tools of diversity, individuality, perception, criteria, selectivity, and progress. Coercive attempts produce revulsion, for such acts are contrary to an indeterminate nature and nature's indeterminate off-spring, man the Choicemaker.

Until the oppressors discover that wisdom only just begins with a respectful acknowledgment of The Creator, The Creation, and The Choicemaker, they will be ever learning but never coming to a knowledge of the truth. The rejection of Creator-initiated standards relegates the mind of man to its own primitive, empirical, and delimited devices. It is thus that the human intellect cannot ascend and function at any level higher than the criteria by which it perceives and measures values.

Additionally, such rejection of transcendent criteria self-denies man the vision and foresight essential to decision-making for survival and progression. He is left, instead, with the redundant wreckage of expensive hind- sight, including human institutions characterized by averages, mediocrity, and regression.

Humanism, mired in the circular and mundane egocentric predicament, is ill-equipped to produce transcendent criteria. Evidenced by those who do not perceive superiority and thus find themselves beset by the shifting winds of the carnal-ego; i.e., moods, feelings, desires, appetites, etc., the mind becomes subordinate: a mere device for excuse-making and rationalizing self-justifica- tion.

The carnal-ego rejects criteria and self-discipline for such instruments are tools of the mind and the attitude. The appetites of the flesh have no need of standards for at the point of contention standards are perceived as alien, re- strictive, and inhibiting. Yet, the very survival of our physical nature itself depends upon a maintained sover- eignty of the mind and of the spirit.

It remained, therefore, to the initiative of a personal and living Creator to traverse the human horizon and fill the vast void of human ignorance with an intelli- gent and definitive faith. Man is thus afforded the prime tool of the intellect - a Transcendent Standard by which he may measure values in experience, anticipate results, and make enlightened and visionary choices.

Only the unique and superior God-man Person can deserved- ly displace the ego-person from his predicament and free the individual to measure values and choose in a more excellent way. That sublime Person was indicated in the words of the prophet Amos, "...said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel." Y'shua Mashiyach Jesus said, "If I be lifted up I will  draw all men unto myself."

As long as some choose to abdicate their personal reality and submit to the delusions of humanism, determinism, and collectivism, just so long will they be subject and re- acting only, to be tossed by every impulse emanating from others. Those who abdicate such reality may, in perfect justice, find themselves weighed in the balances of their own choosing.

That human institution which is structured on the principle, "...all men are endowed by their Creator with ...Liberty...," is a system with its roots in the natural Order of the universe. The opponents of such a system are necessarily engaged in a losing contest with nature and nature's God. Biblical principles are still today the foundation under Western Civilization and the American way of life. To the advent of a new season we commend the present generation and the "multitudes in the valley of decision."

Let us proclaim it. Behold! The Season of Generation-Choicemaker Joel 3:14 KJV

CONTEMPORARY COMMENTS "I should think that if there is one thing that man has learned about himself it is that he is a creature of  choice." Richard M. Weaver

"Man is a being capable of subduing his emotions and impulses; he can rationalize his behavior. He arranges  his wishes into a scale, he chooses; in short, he acts.  What distinguishes man from beasts is precisely that he  adjusts his behavior deliberately." Ludwig von Mises

"To make any sense of the idea of morality, it must be presumed that the human being is responsible for his  actions and responsibility cannot be understood apart  from the presumption of freedom of choice." John Chamberlain

"The advocate of liberty believes that it is complementary of the orderly laws of cause and  effect, of probability  and of chance, of which man is not completely informed.  It is complementary of them because it rests in part upon  the faith that each individual is endowed by his Creator  with the power of individual choice." Wendell J. Brown

"These examples demonstrate a basic truth -- that human  dignity is embodied in the free choice of individuals." Condoleeza Rice

"Our Founding Fathers believed that we live in an ordered universe. They believed themselves to be a part of the  universal order of things. Stated another way, they  believed in God. They believed that every man must find  his own place in a world where a place has been made for  him. They sought independence for their nation but, more  importantly, they sought freedom for individuals to think  and act for themselves. They established a republic  dedicated to one purpose above all others - the preserva-  tion of individual liberty..." Ralph W. Husted

"We have the gift of an inner liberty so far-reaching that we can choose either to accept or reject the God  who gave it to us, and it would seem to follow that the  Author of a liberty so radical wills that we should be  equally free in our relationships with other men.  Spiritual liberty logically demands conditions of outer  and social freedom for its completion." Edmund A. Opitz

"Above all I see an ability to choose the better from the worse that has made possible life's progress." Charles Lindbergh

"Freedom is the Right to Choose, the Right to create for oneself the alternatives of Choice. Without the possibil-  ity of Choice, and the exercise of Choice, a man is not  a man but a member, an instrument, a thing." Thomas Jefferson

THE QUESTION AND THE ANSWER Q: "What is man that You are mindful of him, and the son of man that You visit him?" Psalm 8:4 A: "I call heaven and earth as witnesses today against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing  and cursing; therefore choose life, that both you and  your descendants may live." Deuteronomy 30:19

Q: "Lord, what is man, that You take knowledge of him? Or the son of man, that you are mindful of him?" Psalm 144:3 A: "And if it seems evil to you to serve the Lord, choose  for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the  gods which your fathers served that were on the other  side of the river, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose  land you dwell. But as for me and my house, we will  serve the Lord." Joshua 24:15

Q: "What is man, that he could be pure? And he who is born of a woman, that he could be righteous?" Job 15:14 A: "Who is the man that fears the Lord? Him shall He teach in the way he chooses." Psalm 25:12

Q: "What is man, that You should magnify him, that You should set Your heart on him?" Job 7:17 A: "Do not envy the oppressor and choose none of his ways." Proverbs 3:31

Q: "What is man that You are mindful of him, or the son of man that You take care of him?" Hebrews 2:6 A: "I have chosen the way of truth; your judgments I have laid before me." Psalm 119:30 "Let Your hand become my help, for I have chosen Your precepts."Psalm 119:173

References: Genesis 3:3,6 Deuteronomy 11:26-28; 30:19 Job 5:23 Isaiah 7:14-15; 13:12; 61:1  Amos 7:8   Joel 3:14 Ecclesiastes 3:1-8                Psalm 119:1-176 DEDICATION

Sir Isaac Newton The greatest scientist in human history a Bible-Believing Christian an authority on the Bible's Book of Daniel committed to individual value and individual liberty

Daniel 9:25-26 Habakkuk 2:2-3  KJV  selah

"What is man...?" Earth's Choicemaker Psalm 25:12 KJV http;//www.blogger.com/profile/4744267 http://www.choicemaker.net/ Choice.maker@verizon.net

An old/new paradigm - Mr. Jefferson would agree! (There is no alternative!) + +  + "Man cannot make or invent or contrive principles. He can only discover them and he ought to look through the discovery to the Author." -- Thomas Paine 1797

title: Talk:Paradigm/Tract


text:
Talk:Max Keith

Merge with Fanta
I support merging the two articles. If he had accomplished more or was notable for more than creating Fanta then perhaps he would deserve a larger and more expansive independant article. --Sand Squid 17:59, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

But of course it dosnt matter. No action will be taken because Wikipedia admins are more interested in deleting articles than improveing them. This article has existed for almost three years and it has flown under the radar while other articles are deleted within two weeks of their creation while they are still being improved. I wonder why User: Janejellyroll or User: Chick Bowen have not deleted this one? Probably because no-one is working on it, therefore it won't garner them any attention.--Sand Squid 03:50, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

 * He is worth his own article, a very notable man. While you have a point that there is a lot of overlap with the creation of Fanta, the rest of the information about him doesn't belong in the Fanta article.  So, I don't think a merge is appropriate.  Regards, Ben Aveling 21:36, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I stand by my previous recommendation in favor of the merge. If he has accomplished more then article should be expanded. But as it stands, Fanta is his only accomplishment listed, therefore the article should be merged.--Sand Squid 22:49, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Running Cocacola in Nazi Germany was more than just inventing Fanta. If you can get your hands on a copy of Mark Pendergrast's book "For God, Country and Coca-cola" you'll see that he devotes an entire chapter to it.  Otherwise, a google search will give you a feel for some of the impact Keith had.  You are right that the article should be expanded.  But being a stub isn't grounds for deletion.  Regards, Ben Aveling 00:38, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Ok let me see... I'm just looking through my comments for the part where I advocate deletion... hmm... I don't see it. Because I did not advocate deletion. I support merging it with the Fanta article. I think it is great, fantastic even that Mark Pendergrast's book "For God, Country and Coca-cola" devotes an entire chapter to him. However, the article as it stands now does not contain enough information to support a separate article. I do not think it is appropriate to judge this article based on information in an outside source that is not referenced or cited.--Sand Squid 03:06, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Lets not merge these articles. This man was very notable and he should get his own article. If someone searches for him should they be redirected to a article about Fanta? No. YaanchSpeak! 01:36, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Did he or didn't he?
Either he joined or he didn't. The article says both!

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title: Talk:Max Keith


text: User talk:64.86.79.4

title: User talk:64.86.79.4


text: User talk:81.213.220.192

title: User talk:81.213.220.192


text:
Leroy Van Dyke

Leroy Frank Van Dyke (born October 4, 1929) is an American country music and honky-tonk singer and guitarist, best known for his hits "The Auctioneer" (1956) and "Walk on By" (1961).

Biography
Van Dyke was born in Mora, Missouri. He lived in Spencer, Wisconsin, and graduated from the University of Missouri majoring in agricultural journalism. He was catapulted into country music fame in 1956 with his composition "The Auctioneer", co-written with Buddy Black, which sold over 2.5 million records. He wrote the song about the life of his cousin, National Auctioneers Association Hall of Famer Ray Sims, also a Missourian. Van Dyke had the lead role of a budding country music performer in the 1967 movie What Am I Bid? in which Sims played himself as an auctioneer.

In his 50 years-plus career, Van Dyke has recorded more than 500 songs, dozens of them making the charts. His record of "Walk on By" (1961) was named by Billboard magazine in 1994 as the biggest country single of all time, based on sales, plays, and weeks in the charts. It stayed at number one in the U.S. country chart for 19 weeks, and in all, charted for 42 weeks, reaching number five on the pop listings. It sold more than 1.5 million copies.

Other Van Dyke hits were "If a Woman Answers", "Black Cloud", "Big Man in a Big House", "Anne of a Thousand Days", "Happy to Be Unhappy", "Night People", "Be a Good Girl", "Dim Dark Corner", "Five Steps Away", "How Long Must You Keep Me a Secret", "Afraid of a Heartache", "Big Wide Wonderful World of Country Music", "Birmingham", "Just a State of Mind", "Mr. Professor", "My World Is Caving In", "The Other Boys Are Talking", "Poor Guy", "Roses from a Stranger", "Texas Tea", "Who’s Gonna Run the Truck Stop in Tuba City When I’m Gone", "Wrong Side of the Tracks", "Your Daughter Cried All Night", "Your Money", and "The Life You Offered Me".

In the UK Singles Chart Van Dyke had two hits: "Walk on By" reached number five in February 1962, and "Big Man in a Big House" made number 34 in May that year.

He was a cast member in the late 1950s on Ozark Jubilee, and was co-host, with Bill Mack, of the Southern Baptist Radio/TV Commission-produced Country Crossroads radio show for 10 years, and was joined by a third co-host Jerry Clower. It became the most widely syndicated radio show in country music history.

Van Dyke continues a performance schedule, traveling from his office/home complex on his 1,000-acre (4 km2) ranch in west-central Missouri near Sedalia, Missouri. He is a member of the National Auctioneers Association Hall of Fame, is active in many music industry organizations, and as a sideline, raises premium quality Arabian mules. All aspects of Leroy Van Dyke Enterprises are managed by his wife Gladys, a former legal secretary and court reporter. Their son Ben plays lead guitar in all Van Dyke performances. Van Dyke is also a Korean War veteran.

Awards
In 1967, Leroy Van Dyke was awarded the Founding President's Award (formerly Connie B. Gay Award) from the Country Music Association.

title: Leroy Van Dyke


text:
Withdean Stadium

Withdean Stadium is an athletics stadium in Withdean, a suburb of Brighton. It was constructed in 1930. It was the home track of Olympic athlete Steve Ovett. Between 1999 and 2011 it was the home ground of football team Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.

History
The site was opened as a lawn tennis club venue in 1936, having been used as playing fields before this. The centre court had seating for 2,000 and was used for the Davis Cup match between Great Britain and New Zealand in the spring of 1939. Later developments included a zoo and miniature railway.

In 1955 the then mayor of Brighton, Walter Dudeney, opened Brighton Sports Arena as a new athletics arena hosting various sporting activities and events. The arena was upgraded over the years, with lighting added and additional squash courts. In 1980 Steve Ovett opened an all-weather running track, and was resurfaced in 1997. In 1999 it became the temporary home of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.

Use by Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.
The club's original stadium, the Goldstone Ground, had been sold for commercial redevelopment in 1997. This resulted in the team playing their home matches for two seasons at Gillingham's Priestfield Stadium, over 70 mi from Brighton, before moving to Withdean Stadium. The only other local option for Albion had been to play at Sussex CCC's County Cricket Ground, Hove. Withdean Stadium was voted the fourth worst football stadium in the UK by The Observer in 2004. The temporary nature of the stadium was obvious - the stadium was primarily used for athletics; there was a single permanent stand along the north side, while the other stands were assembled from scaffolding, some of which also served as temporary seating at the Open Championship golf tournament. The largest was the South Stand, running the entire length of the pitch. The east end of the pitch contained two medium-sized and one small stand. One of the larger stands here was designated as the family stand. The West Stand was the designated away stand. Changing and hospitality facilities were provided with portable cabins placed haphazardly around the site, and there was very limited on-site car parking.

There was considerable opposition in the local neighbourhood to allowing the football club to use the stadium. After some unique concessions were made, the club was allowed to move into Withdean in 1999. Amplified music was banned during football matches (except for the traditional "Sussex by the Sea"), and matchday parking restrictions were imposed within a one-mile radius of the ground. After a year, the music restrictions were eased, but the parking limitations continued in force. The price of each match ticket also included a public transport voucher allowing free bus or rail travel throughout the Brighton and Hove area on match day.

For Albion's match against Sheffield United on 2 October 2004 the stadium was temporarily renamed Palookaville as it hosted the launch party for Fatboy Slim's album of the same name. The album was released on Skint Records, then the club's shirt sponsor, and for that match the team wore shirts bearing the name Palookaville instead of Skint. The name Palookaville was also considered humorously appropriate by fans because it reflected the inadequacy of the club's temporary home.

Additional seating was added at the East and West Ends of the ground in November 2005. The club played their last game at Withdean on Saturday 30 April 2011 against Huddersfield Town.

Since the club has moved out, the temporary seating and other structures have been removed with only the original North Stand remaining, with seating for around 1,300.

Withdean Sports Complex
Today the Stadium is part of the Withdean Sports Complex leisure centre owned by Brighton and Hove City Council and operated by Freedom Leisure. Facilities include squash and tennis courts, a gym and rock climbing wall.

title: Withdean Stadium


text:
Category:House of Burgesses

This category contains articles on the Virginia House of Burgesses and its members.

title: Category:House of Burgesses


text:
Falmer Stadium

Falmer Stadium, known for sponsorship purposes as the American Express Stadium and more commonly referred to as the Amex, is a football stadium in Brighton and Hove, East Sussex. With a capacity of 31,876, it is the second largest stadium in all of South East England, and the 31st largest stadium in the United Kingdom. The largest in South East England is St. Mary's Stadium (Southampton) with about 800 seats more.

It serves as the home of Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion, and was handed over from the developers to the club on 31 May 2011. The first competitive game played at the stadium was the 2010–11 season final of the Sussex Senior Cup between Brighton and Eastbourne Borough on 16 July 2011. The first league game was against Doncaster Rovers, who were also the opponents in the last game played at Brighton's former stadium, the Goldstone Ground, 14 years earlier.

Falmer Stadium hosted Premier League football for the first time in August 2017, following Albion's promotion at the end of the 2016–17 season.

Falmer Stadium hosted European football for the first time on 21 September 2023 when Brighton played against AEK in the UEFA Europa League.

The stadium was designed to allow hosting for other sports and events. It hosted some matches from the 2015 Rugby World Cup and the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. It will also host some 2025 Rugby World Cup fixtures.

Plans
The plans were initiated by Brighton & Hove Albion after the club's previous home, the Goldstone Ground, was sold by the club's former board (consisting of Greg Stanley, Bill Archer and David Bellotti) to developers in 1995 with no new home arranged.

When the club was evicted at the end of the 1996–1997 season, it groundshared for two seasons at Gillingham's Priestfield Stadium, 74 miles away by road, in Kent.

Two years later, the club returned to Brighton as tenants of Withdean Stadium, which was upgraded to Football League capacity requirements and later expanded when Brighton reached Division One (now the EFL Championship) in 2002 following two successive promotions.

The site at Falmer was identified during the 1998–99 season and it was hoped that the stadium would be ready in the early to mid-2000s. However, subsequent delays in gaining planning permission meant that the club had to wait until August 2011 before being able to play their home games there – more than a decade after the stadium was first proposed.

Planning permission
Planning permission was given by the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove City Council in June 2002, with the intention of the stadium being ready for the 2005–06 season. The plans for the stadium were opposed by neighbouring Lewes District Council and local residents. While the stadium lies completely within Brighton and Hove, part of the north-east of the site is in Lewes. Bennett's Field, as it is known, was initially used for parking, but has been abandoned since 2021.

Further complications were due to both vacant fields, and the campus of the adjacent University of Sussex, being included in the South Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, although outside the National Park. This led to the designation of the stadium plans being the subject of a separate planning inquiry by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.

John Prescott, then Deputy Prime Minister, approved the plans on 28 October 2005. However, Lewes District Council immediately mounted a new legal challenge to the stadium plan. In April 2006, Prescott admitted that he had given his approval based on the misconception that only a small part of the stadium site lay on the Lewes side, and withdrew it.

Hazel Blears, the Secretary of State responsible for planning, re-affirmed the approval on 25 July 2007. Her decision went against the advice of planning inspectors. Lewes District Council, Falmer Parish Council and the South Downs Joint Committee (the three main opponents) announced shortly afterwards that they would not mount a High Court challenge. On 4 September 2007, the deadline for appealing the new grant of permission expired and the club received full permission to proceed.

Construction
On 27 November 2008, the Buckingham Group signed the construction contract for the new stadium and began preparation work on the site on 17 December. The stadium is set three storeys down into the ground. 138,000 cubic metres of chalk was excavated during its construction, which was put on the field on the south side of Village Way. This has been estimated to prevent 22,000 lorry trips taking the chalk to off-site landfill.

Construction at the site started on 17 December 2008 and finished in May 2011. The stadium was designed with scope for expansion, and plans were put in place to increase the capacity.

The stadium was designed by London-based architects, KSS. The stadium capacity has been expanded, with an extra seating tier being installed above the East Stand (Family stand), which increases the capacity to over 30,000 seats. The deal with American Express Europe, Brighton and Hove's biggest private-sector employer, confirming the stadium's naming rights was announced on 22 June 2010.

Opening
The stadium officially opened on 30 July 2011, hosting a friendly match against then-Brighton manager Gus Poyet's old club Tottenham Hotspur, the home-side narrowly losing 3–2. The first competitive match had been held on 16 July 2011, when Brighton's development squad beat Eastbourne Borough 2-0 in the Sussex Senior Cup final, with Gary Hart scoring the first goal. The first competitive first team fixture was held on 6 August 2011, when Brighton beat Doncaster Rovers 2–1, after being 1–0 down.

The stadium set its first record attendance with 21,897 against Liverpool. They were also the first away team to win a competitive match at the stadium, beating Brighton 2–1 in a League Cup tie in September 2011. The stadium witnessed its first league defeat in its history when rival side Crystal Palace came from behind to win 3-1.

In use
On 2 January 2012, Brighton & Hove Albion submitted an application to Brighton and Hove City council to increase the stadium capacity by a further 8,000 seats as well as to add additional corporate boxes, new television facilities and a luxury suite. This was granted unanimously by Brighton & Hove City Council's planning committee on 25 April 2012. The stadium was expanded to 27,250 by the start of the 2012–13 season, 27,750 by December 2012 and stood at 30,750 by the end of the 2012–13 season.

A new record attendance was set on 15 December 2012 when 26,684 saw Brighton draw 0–0 with Nottingham Forest. This record attendance was broken on 26 January 2013, when 27,113 attended a 3-2 defeat against Arsenal in the fourth round of the FA Cup Less than two months later and the record was broken again; this time 28,499 people watched Brighton beat Crystal Palace 3–0 on 17 March 2013. This record was broken once again on 4 May 2013, on the last league game of the season against Wolverhampton Wanderers, 30,003 attended the game. This figure was beaten on 25 January 2015, when Arsenal visited in the FA Cup fourth round to once again win 3–2, in front of an attendance of 30,278. Another new attendance record of 30,292 came on 2 May 2016, when Derby County visited in the last home game of the 2015–16 season. A few weeks later this record was broken again when Brighton and Hove Albion played Sheffield Wednesday in the second leg of the play-offs. The record was broken once again on 24 September 2017 when 30,468 attended Brighton's 1–0 win over Newcastle United. The current record of 31,746 was set at a Premier League match against Chelsea on 29 October 2022. Falmer Stadium hosted European football for the first time on 21 September 2023 when Brighton played against AEK in the UEFA Europa League.

On 25 March 2013, the stadium hosted England's under-21s international friendly against Austria's under-21s.

In December 2018, it was announced that the stadium would be one of the venues for the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 tournament.

The stadium uses hawks to scare away seagulls and pigeons.

UEFA Women's Euro 2022
The stadium was one of the 10 venues used to host matches at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. It was used to host Group A matches, which had the hosts England, and a quarter-final, which also involved England.

2015 Rugby World Cup
The stadium hosted two Pool B matches in the 2015 Rugby World Cup, labelled as the Brighton Community Stadium. The first match was between South Africa and Japan on 19 September 2015 where with 29,290 in attendance, Japan caused one of the biggest upsets in Rugby World Cup history by beating twice winners South Africa 34–32. The other match was between Samoa and United States with Samoa winning 25–16 with 29,178 in attendance. Before them, as a trial run pre-World Cup, the stadium hosted the England U20s vs France U20s match in the final round of the 2015 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.

In 2019, a film was produced telling the story of the match between Japan and South Africa, called The Brighton Miracle.

2025 Rugby World Cup
In August 2023, the stadium was confirmed as one of eight host venues for the 2025 Rugby World Cup. During the tournament, it will be known as the Brighton and Hove Albion Stadium.

Layout
The West Stand is a three-tiered stand, which holds 11,833 fans, including 14 luxury boxes. The East Stand (including the Family Stand and the premium fans' 1901 Club) holds 13,654 fans, with 10% reserved for away fans during cup games. The North Stand has 2,688 seats. The South Stand, is for visiting away supporters which contains 2,575 seats.

As well as football matches, the stadium is also designed for other sports such as rugby and hockey, and music concerts, conferences and exhibitions. The stadium's drinking outlets offer real ales from two local breweries, Harvey's and Dark Star, both of which supported the club's appeal for a new stadium at Falmer, along with special guest beers from breweries local to the away teams.

The stadium also incorporates a banqueting and conference facility, a nursery school/crèche, 720 square metres of teaching space for the University of Brighton, 1,200 square metres of office space for the University of Sussex, the club shop for tickets and merchandise and above it the 200 capacity bar/lounge named Dick's Bar after the club's life president, Dick Knight.

Transport
The stadium is close to the A27 Brighton by-pass, linking it northbound to the A23 and M23 motorway towards London and southbound to the A270 and the city centre. Falmer railway station is next to the stadium; it is a nine-minute journey from Brighton railway station and seven minutes from Lewes railway station, both of which are served by trains from London. The site also includes: a new link road from the A270 skirting the southern edge of Stanmer Park to the Sussex campus; a new high capacity footbridge over the railway at Falmer station; a transport interchange/coach park to the south of the stadium across Village Way; a 1,000-space car park at Brighton Aldridge Community Academy; alterations to the A27/A270 road junction, including a new flyover; a combined footpath/cycleway; a 150-space car park for club officials, players and disabled drivers; 220 cycle spaces.

Awards
In May 2012, the stadium won the New Venue Award at the Stadium Business Awards.

title: Falmer Stadium


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tim "Warpaint/Eater X" Janus

Tim "Warpaint/Eater X" Janus was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

 * Delete -- obvious vanity page. --Neschek 17:40, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If it's not a criteria for biographies, it should be: "No one gives a crap if you (or your friend) are 'cool.'" Delete. Mike H 18:02, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. What a pile of utter... words fail me (well, polite ones, anyway). Average Earthman 18:33, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, surely this could have been speedied. Deb
 * delete, preferably speedily. Text looks like it was written by his garrulous garbage can. --Ianb 20:36, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity + nonsense.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:24, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speed deleted as patent nonsense. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:28, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Kate/Solicitation

Ohio state code, TITLE XVII CORPORATIONS - PARTNERSHIPS CHAPTER 1716

§ 1716.05.
 * (K) (1) "Solicit" or "solicitation" means to request or a request directly or indirectly for money, property, financial assistance, or any other thing of value on the plea or representation that such money, property, financial assistance, or other thing of value or a portion of it will be used for a charitable purpose or will benefit a charitable organization. "Solicit" or "solicitation" includes but is not limited to the following methods of requesting or securing the promise, pledge, or grant of money, property, financial assistance, or any other thing of value:
 * (a) Any oral or written request;
 * (b) Making any announcement to the press, on radio or television, by telephone or telegraph, or by any other communication device concerning an appeal or campaign by or for any charitable organization or for any charitable purpose;
 * (c) Distributing, circulating, posting, or publishing any handbill, written advertisement, or other publication that directly or by implication seeks to obtain any contribution;
 * (d) Selling or offering or attempting to sell any advertisement, advertising space, book, card, tag, coupon, chance, device, magazine, membership, merchandise, subscription, sponsorship, flower, ticket, admission, candy, cookies, or other tangible item, or any right of any description in connection with which an appeal is made for any charitable organization or charitable purpose, or when the name of any charitable organization is used or referred to in any such appeal as an inducement or reason for making the sale, or when in connection with the sale or offer or attempt to sell, any statement is made that all or part of the proceeds from the sale will be used for any charitable purpose or will benefit any charitable organization.
 * (2) A solicitation is considered as having taken place for purposes of division (K)(1) of this section whether or not the person making the solicitation receives any contribution. A solicitation does not occur when a person applies for a grant or an award to the government or to an organization that is exempt from federal income taxation under section 501(a) and described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.

§ 1703.03. License required.
 * No foreign corporation not excepted from sections 1703.01 to 1703.31 of the Revised Code, shall transact business in this state unless it holds an unexpired and uncanceled license to do so issued by the secretary of state. To procure such a license, a foreign corporation shall file an application, pay a filing fee, and comply with all other requirements of law respecting the maintenance of the license as provided in those sections.

§ 1716.02. Charitable organizations to file annual registration statement; fees.
 * (A) Every charitable organization, except those exempted under section 1716.03 of the Revised Code, that intends to solicit contributions in this state by any means or have contributions solicited in this state on its behalf by any other person, charitable organization, commercial co-venturer, or professional solicitor, or that participates in a charitable sales promotion, prior to engaging in any of these activities and annually thereafter, shall file a registration statement with the attorney general upon a form prescribed by the attorney general. Each chapter, branch, or affiliate of a charitable organization that is required to file a registration statement under this section either shall file a separate registration statement or report the necessary information to its parent charitable organization that then shall file a consolidated registration statement. The annual registration statement shall be refiled on or before the fifteenth day of the fifth calendar month after the close of each fiscal year in which the charitable organization solicited in this state, or by the date of any applicable extension of the federal filing date, whichever is later. No charitable organization that is required to register under this chapter prior to registration, shall solicit contributions in this state by any means, have contributions solicited in this state on its behalf by any other person, charitable organization, commercial co-venturer, or professional solicitor, or participate in a charitable sales promotion.

title: User:Kate/Solicitation


text:
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda

Alonso Álvarez de Pineda (1494–1520) was a Spanish conquistador and cartographer who was the first to prove the insularity of the Gulf of Mexico by sailing around its coast. In doing so he created the first map to depict what is now Texas and parts of the Gulf Coast of the United States.

Life
In Aldeacentenera, Spain, in 1494, he led several expeditions in 1519 to map the westernmost coastlines of the Gulf of Mexico, from the Yucatán Peninsula to the Pánuco River, and also explored parts of Florida, which at the time was believed to be an island. Antón de Alaminos' explorations had eliminated the western areas as being the site of the passage, leaving the land between the Pánuco River and Florida to be mapped. An expedition was organized to chart the remainder of the Gulf. Francisco de Garay, Governor of the Colony of Santiago, outfitted three ships with two hundred and seventy soldiers and placed them under the command of Álvarez de Pineda, who left Santiago in early 1520 and sailed west to follow the northern coastline of the Gulf. At the western tip of southern Florida, he attempted to sail east, but the winds were not on his side, somehow he did anchor off Villa Rica de la Veracruz shortly after Hernán Cortés had departed. Cortés returned on hearing of Álvarez de Pineda's arrival. Álvarez de Pineda wished to establish a boundary between the lands he was claiming for Garay and those that Cortés had already claimed; Cortés was unwilling to bargain, and Álvarez de Pineda left to retrace his route northward.

Shortly thereafter, he sailed up a river he named Las Palmas, where he spent over 40 days repairing his ships. The Las Palmas was most likely the Pánuco River near present-day Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Álvarez de Pineda was subsequently killed in a battle with the native Huastec people at the Pánuco River. Garay later sent two expeditions under Diego Camargo and Miguel Díez de Aux to find him, but they were unsuccessful, finding only his burned ships. Pineda's map did make it back to Governor Garay.

The expedition established the remainder of the boundaries of the Gulf of Mexico while disproving the idea of a sea passage to Asia. It also verified that Florida was a peninsula instead of an island. Álvarez de Pineda became the first European to see the coastal areas of what is now western Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, lands he called "Amichel". He also sailed upriver on the Mississippi River, being credited with the discovery of this river. His map is the first known document of Texas history and was the first map of the Gulf Coast region of the United States. It is stored at the Archivo General de Indias in Sevilla (Spain).

title: Alonso Álvarez de Pineda


text:
Talk:Chunichi Dragons

Famous Stars mostly foreign?
Why are the famous past stars mostly Dragons now, is said that their pitchers are number one in 12 teams.

because I have no idea what it means. Anyone care to interpret it? — Braaropolis | Talk 17:42, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It could possibly be stating that the Dragons have the best pitching in Japanese baseball. I won't revert to the possible intent as I am not sure what the original author meant. - Plexust 00:41, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Meaning of 中日
What does "中日" mean? "Mid-day?" Is it the name of a sponsor, like "ロッテ" and "日本ハム" and such? Garrett Albright 10:05, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It means middle of japan —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 210.2.211.234 (talk • contribs).

中日新聞 (Chunichi Shinbun) is a newspaper. 220.27.238.238 14:10, 10 October 2006 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 220.27.238.238 (talk • contribs).

Old Logo
I can't speak for the cartoonish mascot, but the Dragons no longer use the cursive-script Los Angeles Dodgers-esque "Dragons" logo. I don't see it on the Japanese page but I see it on TV all the time, it's blocky with a C linked to the D. How do we get the new one? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Feitclub (talk • contribs).

Tom Selleck
I'm removing Tom Selleck from the "Former Famous Stars" section. My best guess is 1) Tom Selleck is an actual american baseball player who just happens to be linked to the American actor. 2) This is a joke by someone who's seen Mr Baseball (1992). Or 3) Someone took Mr Baseball (1992) a little too seriously.

Please prove me wrong, because I'd love to know if Tom Selleck actually played professional baseball in Japan. Zukkie44 (talk) 22:04, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

I'm curious if it's worth noting the movie on this article, seeing as how central the team is to the story. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.90.245.240 (talk) 04:07, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

The Great Update
I have started updating the player roster, player pages and I will be looking to update as much of the history as I get my hands on it. My Japanese language ability is pretty good so I will also draw information from the jawiki pages where I can. I'll be aiming to take care of the page for the foreseeable future, at least through the 2016 NPB season. I'm looking to overhaul a lot of this page when I get time.

My plan at present is to insert more history from the recent era (2007 onwards) and then hopefully work backwards. I'll also be looking to add sections like cultural influence, maybe famous fans (if I can find that information), as well as info pages on former managers, legends, etc. Tackling this on my own will take some time, so bare with me as things get slowly updated. Cynikles (talk) 03:04, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

MLB heavy?
I know I'm the only one really editing this page atm, but I get the feeling that this page is a little skewed toward an American perspective and needs a bit more neutrality. I'm considering removing the uniform explanation from the introduction and put it into it's own section and I'm also considering deleting the "MLB Players" section as it isn't all that useful, complete and again seems to show a skew toward MLB audiences. Thoughts?Cynikles (talk) 03:26, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

Popular Culture
I don't think it's official but whenever I've asked about Clementine's hat from The Walking Dead, the answer I've received has been that it's a version of a Chunichi Dragon's hat. Should that be included in the popular culture section? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.40.100.248 (talk) 13:38, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

UNIFORM
I'm a Japanese Chunichi fan! The Chunichi uniforms for away games are wrong! 2400:4151:C741:3200:BF:D118:F5EC:6306 (talk) 13:07, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chunichi Dragons


text: Category:Italian songwriters

title: Category:Italian songwriters


text:
Fort Dunree

Fort Dunree ( or Dún Fhraoigh meaning "Fort of Heather") is a coastal defence fortification located on the west side of the Inishowen peninsula, County Donegal, Ireland.

History
The fort is located on a rocky promontory accessed over a natural fissure. Originally built as part of a series of fortifications defending Lough Swilly during the Napoleonic Wars, located opposite Knockalla Fort on the other side of the lough.

The fort was neglected after the peace of 1815. In 1874 it was armed with seven 24 Pounder guns.

It was remodelled in 1895 to have 2 x 4.7 inch (120 mm) QF guns below, and later 12-pounder (5 kg) QF and 2 x 6 inch (152 mm) guns in an upper land battery. The top of a hill overlooking the site was walled in to form a redoubt. Both 6-inch guns were operational during the First World War.

Treaty port
On 6 December 1921, the Anglo Irish Treaty was concluded. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State which happened on 6 December 1922. The Treaty included provisions by which the British would retain sovereignty over three strategically important ports known as the Treaty ports, one of which being described in the Treaty as:

"Lough Swilly (d) Harbour defences to remain in charge of British care and maintenance parties."

Accordingly, even after the establishment of the Irish Free State, the Royal Navy continued to maintain its presence at Fort Dunree. Fort Dunree remained under British sovereignty until 3 October 1938 when, pursuant to the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement of 25 April 1938, the territory was ceded to Ireland. On 4 October 1938, The Times reported on the handover of Lough Swilly at Fort Dunree on 3 October 1938 as follows:

"FORTS HANDED OVER TO EIRE - Britain's last forts in Eire, those on the gale-swept Lough Swilly at Dunree and Leenan, were surrendered to the Eire Defence Forces yesterday. The ceremony at Dunree was witnessed by only a dozen spectators. The Union Jack, was hauled down by two Royal Artillery N.C.O.s and the Eire green, white, and orange flag was run up by two N.C.O.s of the Coastal Artillery Defence Force. The ceremony was brought forward from October 26, the date originally fixed under the Anglo-Irish Pact, on account of the international situation. When the British troops left last evening en route for Shoeburyness, their new headquarters, they were given a cordial send off. By a coincidence Sergeant O'Flynn, of the Royal Artillery, who hauled down the Union Jack, and Sergeant McLaughlin, of the Eire force, who hoisted the tricolour, are brothers-in-law."

Two brothers in-law, one hauling down a Union Jack and the other hauling up an Irish tricolour was indeed a poignant end to the long history of British military presence in the territory of the Irish state. It was also the last time sovereignty over any territory was ceded to Ireland.

The guns at the Fort were manned by the Irish Army until decommissioned following the Second World War. Fort Dunree was used by the Irish Army for training until 1990.

Preservation
The fort is now a military museum with detailed exhibitions, many restored guns such as BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun and an old military camp. There are also displays about the area birds, marine life and coastal vegetation.

Other facilities include a gift shop, auditorium, café and trail walks.

title: Fort Dunree


text:
Quasidihedral group

In mathematics, the quasi-dihedral groups, also called semi-dihedral groups, are certain non-abelian groups of order a power of 2. For every positive integer n greater than or equal to 4, there are exactly four isomorphism classes of non-abelian groups of order 2n which have a cyclic subgroup of index 2. Two are well known, the generalized quaternion group and the dihedral group. One of the remaining two groups is often considered particularly important, since it is an example of a 2-group of maximal nilpotency class. In Bertram Huppert's text Endliche Gruppen, this group is called a "Quasidiedergruppe". In Daniel Gorenstein's text, Finite Groups, this group is called the "semidihedral group". Dummit and Foote refer to it as the "quasidihedral group"; we adopt that name in this article. All give the same presentation for this group:

 * $$\langle r,s \mid r^{2^{n-1}} = s^2 = 1,\ srs = r^{2^{n-2}-1}\rangle\,\!$$.

The other non-abelian 2-group with cyclic subgroup of index 2 is not given a special name in either text, but referred to as just G or Mm(2). When this group has order 16, Dummit and Foote refer to this group as the "modular group of order 16", as its lattice of subgroups is modular. In this article this group will be called the modular maximal-cyclic group of order $$2^n$$. Its presentation is:

 * $$\langle r,s \mid r^{2^{n-1}} = s^2 = 1,\ srs = r^{2^{n-2}+1}\rangle\,\!$$.

Both these two groups and the dihedral group are semidirect products of a cyclic group  of order 2n−1 with a cyclic group  of order 2. Such a non-abelian semidirect product is uniquely determined by an element of order 2 in the group of units of the ring $$\mathbb{Z}/2^{n-1}\mathbb{Z}$$ and there are precisely three such elements, $$2^{n-1}-1$$, $$2^{n-2}-1$$, and $$2^{n-2}+1$$, corresponding to the dihedral group, the quasidihedral, and the modular maximal-cyclic group.

The generalized quaternion group, the dihedral group, and the quasidihedral group of order 2n all have nilpotency class n − 1, and are the only isomorphism classes of groups of order 2n with nilpotency class n − 1. The groups of order pn and nilpotency class n − 1 were the beginning of the classification of all p-groups via coclass. The modular maximal-cyclic group of order 2n always has nilpotency class 2. This makes the modular maximal-cyclic group less interesting, since most groups of order pn for large n have nilpotency class 2 and have proven difficult to understand directly.

The generalized quaternion, the dihedral, and the quasidihedral group are the only 2-groups whose derived subgroup has index 4. The Alperin–Brauer–Gorenstein theorem classifies the simple groups, and to a degree the finite groups, with quasidihedral Sylow 2-subgroups.

Examples
The Sylow 2-subgroups of the following groups are quasidihedral:
 * PSL3(Fq) for q ≡ 3 mod 4,
 * PSU3(Fq) for q ≡ 1 mod 4,
 * the Mathieu group M11,
 * GL2(Fq) for q ≡ 3 mod 4.

title: Quasidihedral group


text:
Lenan Head Fort

Lenan Head Fort, Lough Swilly, Inishowen, County Donegal was built in 1895, initially with three 9.2 inch Breech Loading (BL) guns. Following recommendations of the Owen Committee in 1905, it was refitted in 1911 with two newer Mark X 9.2 inch models. Both guns were operational during the First World War.

Treaty port
On 6 December 1921, the Anglo Irish Treaty was concluded. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State which happened on 6 December 1922. The Treaty included provisions by which the British would retain sovereignty over three strategically important ports known as the Treaty ports. This included a number of coastal artillery defences, including the Defences of Lough Swilly, which were retained by the British Government on a Care and maintenance basis.

All of the defences were fully transferred to the Republic of Ireland in 1938, with the last Royal Artillery personnel leaving on 10 October that year. The battery was manned by the Irish Army in the Second World War. The Irish coast artillery service was disbanded in 1952. The battery was disarmed and the guns scrapped in the 1950s.

An unusual British fortified site, because it was started so late, it includes concrete caponiers in an extensive ditch system that climbs the hill to the headland.

Publications

 * Col K W Maurice-Jones, 1959. The History of Coast Artillery in the British Army, Royal Artillery Institution, London

title: Lenan Head Fort


text:
User:Flammifer

My name is Emile Kroeger.

I'm French, used to study in China, now work at Ubisoft.

Articles created

 * Glossary of probability and statistics
 * Sam Hinton
 * Statistical randomness
 * A few concerning the Jehovah's Witnesses and similar groups :
 * Bible Students (with renames and moving, now mainly in Associated Bible Students.
 * Jehovah's Witnesses splinter groups
 * International Bible Students Association
 * Paul S. L. Johnson
 * Bible Student movement
 * Cord Meyer
 * Name and Shame
 * German mysticism
 * Friends of God
 * Rulman Merswin
 * The Friend of God from the Oberland
 * Jaques of London
 * Segregate (taxonomy)
 * Co-adaptation
 * Cross and Crown
 * Batiniyya
 * Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi
 * Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi
 * In the Barmakids (I didn't create that one, but expanded it)
 * Nava Vihara
 * Khalid ibn Barmak
 * Yahya ibn Khalid
 * Ja'far ibn Yahya Of Aladdin fame! :)

Significant contributions

 * Eugenics
 * Mumia Abu-Jamal
 * Randomness
 * Complexity
 * Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi

Meta stuff

 * Template:Brainstorming
 * Recruiting Editors Brainstorming
 * User:Flammifer/Wikiproject New member recruitment

Random junk
In addition to the usual wikipedia policies, I consider that the occasion of adding a link to a "far-away" article topic a good criteria for inclusion :-)

For some reason I've been drawn to the cluster of pages around Charles Taze Russell and the Jehovah's Witnesses. I'm not even sure of why, I have no particular link to them. I guess it's just a form of historical research, with some pretty interesting POV navigation at hand (it involves quite a few groups who'd like to present a different presentation of themselves and others, as well as their common history). I should probably try to redirect my efforts in another direction for a change.

(More than you probably ever want to know about me)

fr:Utilisateur:Flammifer eo:Vikipediisto:Flammifer

title: User:Flammifer


text: Category:Italian film score composers

title: Category:Italian film score composers


text:
Ned's Point Fort

Ned's Point Fort is one of several Napoleonic batteries built along the shores of Lough Swilly in county Donegal, to defend the north west of Ireland. It was part of a scheme to fortify Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle against French Invasion during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It is situated on Ned's Point, near the once important naval town of Buncrana, and its current form largely dates to works completed between 1812 and 1813. It comprised a rectangular blockhouse mounting two guns and a supporting battery mounting four guns. The fort is surrounded by a ditch.

After the end of the Napoleonic Wars the defences were neglected and not updated. In 1874, the fort was armed with two 5.5-inch Howitzers in the tower and four 24 Pounder smooth bore guns in the main battery.

It was remodeled in the 1890s as a battery with two 6-inch guns on hydropneumatic mountings. This included a central underground magazine complex and the height of the tower or blockhouse was also reduced. In addition two practice batteries were constructed for six 64 Pounder guns and four 5-inch Breech Loading (BL) guns. In 1905 it was recommended by the Owen Committee that the fort be disarmed. This was completed by 1907, and no armament was listed at the fort in a report dated to 1913.

The fort remains substantially intact, along with the practice batteries. Parts of the site were restored by Buncrana Town Council in the 1990s, and subject to some additional restoration as of 2012. While there are a number of walking routes in the area, the fort itself is not open to the public.

title: Ned's Point Fort


text:
Arlene Dahl

Arlene Carol Dahl (August 11, 1925 – November 29, 2021) was an American actress active in films from the late 1940s.

She was also an author and entrepreneur. She founded two companies, Arlene Dahl Enterprises and Dahlia, a fragrance company.

Born in Minnesota to parents of Norwegian descent, Dahl started her acting career in musicals before transitioning to film, where she gained significant roles in MGM productions such as My Wild Irish Rose (1947) and The Bride Goes Wild (1948). Dahl also starred in adventure films, notably Caribbean Gold (1952) and Desert Legion (1953).

Despite her acting success, Dahl faced financial challenges, declaring bankruptcy in 1981. She then entered the field of astrology, writing a syndicated column and operating a premium phoneline company. She also wrote numerous books on beauty and astrology.

In her personal life, Dahl had six husbands, including actors Lex Barker and Fernando Lamas, and was the mother to three children, the eldest of whom is actor Lorenzo Lamas. She lived between New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida, until her death in 2021.

Early life
Dahl was born on August 11, 1925, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Idelle and Rudolph Dahl, a Ford Motor dealer and executive. Her parents were both of Norwegian descent. She cited her year of birth as 1928, although her birth record (1925-43442, available through the Minnesota Historical Society) shows she was born on August 11, 1925. An August 13, 2014, article in the New York Social Diary by David Patrick Columbia, titled "Losses and Gains", references her 89th birthday celebration with her husband, children, and family.

As a child, Dahl took elocution and dancing lessons and was active in theatrical events at Margaret Fuller Elementary School, Ramsey Junior High School, and Washburn Senior High School. After graduating from high school, she held such jobs as performing in a local drama group and briefly working as a model for department stores. Dahl's mother was involved in local amateur theatre. Dahl briefly attended the University of Minnesota.

Early career
A year after graduation from high school, Dahl lived in Chicago, where she worked as a buyer for Marshall and Brown. She then traveled to New York and worked as a model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency, where she successfully auditioned for a part in the musical Mr. Strauss Goes to Boston in 1945. This led to her gaining the lead in another play, Questionable Ladies, which was seen by a talent scout from Hollywood.

Dahl had an uncredited bit part in Life with Father (1947). She was promoted to leading lady in My Wild Irish Rose (1947) with Dennis Morgan, a big hit that led to an offer from MGM for a long-term contract.

MGM
Dahl began working for MGM to play a supporting role in her first film, The Bride Goes Wild (1948), starring Van Johnson and June Allyson. She remained there to play the female lead in the Red Skelton comedy A Southern Yankee (1948).

Eagle-Lion hired her to star as the female lead in Reign of Terror (1949). Then at MGM, she acted opposite Van Johnson in Scene of the Crime (1949); Robert Taylor in Ambush (1950); Joel McCrea in The Outriders (1950); Fred Astaire and Skelton in Three Little Words (1950), playing Eileen Percy; and Skelton again in Watch the Birdie (1950). Except for The Outriders, all these movies were profitable for MGM.

MGM gave Dahl the lead in several B movies, such as Inside Straight (1951) and No Questions Asked (1951), both of which flopped.

Adventure films
Dahl was hired by Pine-Thomas Productions to a multi-picture contract. She was cast in Caribbean Gold (1952), a swashbuckler starring John Payne.

She went to Universal-International to co-star with Alan Ladd in a French Foreign Legion story, Desert Legion (1953); then Pine-Thomas used her again in Jamaica Run (1953) and Sangaree (1953). The latter starred Fernando Lamas, whom Dahl would marry.

She supported Bob Hope in the comedy Here Come the Girls (1953). Dahl and Lamas reunited on The Diamond Queen (1953) at Warner Bros.

In 1953, Dahl played Roxanne on stage in a short-lived revival of Cyrano de Bergerac opposite Jose Ferrer.

Dahl played the ambitious Carol Talbot in Woman's World (1954) at Fox, and she was Rock Hudson's leading lady in Universal's adventure war film Bengal Brigade (1954).

She began writing a syndicated beauty column in 1952, and opened Arlene Dahl Enterprises in 1954, marketing cosmetics and designer lingerie.

Dahl began appearing on television, including episodes of Lux Video Theatre (including a 1954 adaptation of Casablanca, wherein she played Ilsa) and The Ford Television Theatre.

Dahl was both a mystery guest (April 25, 1954) and a panelist on the CBS game show What's My Line?. In 1953, she hosted ABC's anthology series The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse.

John Payne and Dahl were reunited in a film noir, Slightly Scarlet (1956), alongside Rhonda Fleming, another red-haired star.

Dahl made some films in England for Columbia: Wicked as They Come (1956) and Fortune Is a Woman (1957). In 1957, she sued Columbia for $1 million, saying the film's advertisements for Wicked as They Come were "lewd" and "degraded" her. A judge threw out the suit.

Dahl hosted the short-lived television series Opening Night (1958) and had the female lead in the adventure movie Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959), opposite James Mason and Pat Boone. She was injured on set making the latter, but it turned out to be one of her most successful films.

1960s
In 1960, she appeared in the TV series Riverboat in the role of Lucy Belle in the episode "That Taylor Affair". The same year, she married Texas oilman Christian Holmes and announced her retirement from acting. The marriage did not last, but Dahl increasingly diversified her work to become a lecturer and beauty consultant while she continued acting.

She had a supporting role in Kisses for My President (1964) and appeared in Land Raiders (1969), The Pleasure Pit (1969), and the French film Du blé en liasses. She also appeared on TV in Burke's Law and Theatre of Stars.

Her focus by now was on business. After closing her company in 1967, she began serving as vice president at the ad agency Kenyon and Eckhardt that same year. In a 1969 interview, she said her old films were "such an embarrassment".

1970s
Dahl also returned to Broadway in the early 1970s, replacing Lauren Bacall in the role of Margo Channing in Applause.

On television, she had a role on the soap opera One Life to Live and guest-starred on Love, American Style, Jigsaw John, Fantasy Island, and The Love Boat. She also made a TV movie, The Deadly Dream (1971). "I like acting," she said in 1978, "but I had better like business better or I'll lose my shirt."

1980s and 1990s
In 1981, Dahl declared personal bankruptcy, with liabilities of almost $1 million and assets of only $623,970. Her chief creditor was the U.S. Small Business Administration, which guaranteed a $450,000 loan for her as an executive in a cosmetic firm. She had lost $163,000 from burglaries of jewelry and furs from her Manhattan apartment, and she earned only $11,367 in 1980 and $10,517 in 1979.

Dahl appeared on ABC's soap opera One Life to Live from 1981 to 1984 as Lucinda Schenck Wilson. The character was planned as a short-term role (she guest-starred from late 1981 to early 1982 and in late 1982), but Dahl later was offered a one-year contract to appear on the series from September 1983 to October 1984. In 1988 she starred in the film A Place to Hide.

Her last feature film role, which followed a hiatus of more than two decades, was in Night of the Warrior (1991). It co-starred her son Lorenzo Lamas.

She entered the field of astrology in the 1980s, writing a syndicated column and later operating a premium phoneline company. Dahl wrote more than two dozen books on the topics of beauty and astrology.

Dahl guest-starred on episodes of shows starring her son, Renegade and Air America.

Business ventures
In 1951, Dahl began writing for a tri-weekly beauty column for Let's Be Beautiful, a newspaper owned by Chicago Tribune founder Robert McCormick.

In the mid-1950s, Dahl founded Arlene Dahl Enterprises, selling lingerie, nightgowns, pajamas and cosmetics. She invented the Dahl Beauty Cap, a knitted sleeping cap for women.

Dahl began working at Sears Roebuck as director of beauty products in 1970, earning nearly $750,000 annually, but she left in 1975 to found a short-lived fragrance company, Dahlia.

Personal life
Dahl had six husbands:

 * 1) Actor Lex Barker. They met in the early 1950s, wed on April 16, 1951, and divorced the following year (Barker later married Lana Turner).
 * 2) Actor Fernando Lamas. They married in 1954. In 1958, Dahl and Lamas had their only child, Lorenzo Lamas. Shortly after giving birth to Lorenzo, Dahl slowed and eventually ended her career as an actress, although she still appeared in films and on television occasionally. Dahl and Lamas divorced in 1960.
 * 3) Heir to the Fleischmann yeast fortune and oilman Christian R. Holmes. They married on October 15, 1960, and had one child, Dahl's only daughter, Christina Carole Holmes. She and Holmes were divorced November 29, 1963.
 * 4) Russian wine writer and entrepreneur Alexis Lichine. They were married from 1964 to 1969.
 * 5) TV producer-cum-yacht broker Rounsevelle W. "Skip" Schaum. They were married from 1969 to 1976. Her second son, Rounsevelle Andreas Schaum, was born during this marriage.
 * 6) Packaging designer Marc Rosen. They were married from 1984 until her death. She divided her time between New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida.

She has nine grandchildren (including AJ Lamas and Shayne Lamas) and two great-grandchildren.

She died in her Manhattan apartment on November 29, 2021, at the age of 96.

title: Arlene Dahl


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Groupe des six

The category is inaccurate, as even the members of Les Six would protest against it I can't see how others may be added to the "group". Hyacinth 17:51, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Cosmopolis XXI

Cosmopolis XXI was a late 2000s Russian concept launch vehicle billed as a space tourism vehicle, similar to Mojave Aerospace's Tier One program. Designed and built by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, it would use the M-55X launch aircraft (derived from Myasishchev M-55), and the proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform.

The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital tourist spaceplane based on the C-21 design. The plane was being developed by Space Adventures with the Russian Federal Space Agency and was intended to carry 3 passengers. It is to be air-launched by carrier aircraft from a Space Adventures spaceport. Space Adventures abandoned the Explorer project in 2010 because "it got too expensive." It is unclear if Russia continues its development.

title: Cosmopolis XXI


text: Category:Italian opera singers

title: Category:Italian opera singers


text: Talk:Rick Rossovich

title: Talk:Rick Rossovich


text:
Jennifer Paige

Jennifer Paige ( Scoggins) (born September 3, 1973) is an American singer best known for her international number-one pop hit "Crush" (1998), as well as other charted songs including "Sober" (1999) and "Always You" (1999), from her debut album, Jennifer Paige.

Debut single
Jennifer's career as a Billboard 100 pop singer began with her first single, "Crush". The song, written by Andy Goldmark, Mark Mueller and Cosgrove & Clark was initially played by KIIS-FM in Los Angeles in April 1998 and went on to be the most-requested song on the radio station that summer. It ultimately became a Top 3 Billboard chart hit in the U.S., logged 17 weeks in Billboard magazine's Top 10. "Crush" also topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom.

Debut album
Her debut album, Jennifer Paige, was released in August 1998, and consisted of guitar-driven mid-tempo songs such as "Questions", "Between You and Me", "Get to Me", and "Just to Have You". Critics took notice of her voice, and Billboard magazine declared that "Paige succeeds in the nearly impossible task of oozing smouldering sensuality without resorting to typical groans and moans; instead, she uses her notably flexible vocal range to convey the emotion of the tune. As a result, she breathes a refreshing intensity into the song."

The lead single, "Crush", was a hit, and was followed by two other singles, "Sober" and "Always You", the latter reaching #6 on the Billboard Dance Chart.

In the summer of 2000, Paige recorded a new song for the soundtrack of the film Autumn in New York, called "Beautiful".

Positively Somewhere
Paige toured the world, sang at the Vatican (though Pope John Paul II was not present), and performed at the World Music Awards. Her second album, Positively Somewhere, was anchored by the single "These Days", and was released in September 2001 in United States. It was not noticed until its European and Asian release in the summer of 2002, due to bad timing and a lack of promotion by her American label.

The European release launched a modest hit, "Stranded". The single made an instant impact on radio in countries such as Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Scandinavia. Positively Somewhere cracked the Top 10 in Japan and both singles became radio hits across Asia.

Flowers: The Jennifer Paige Hits Collection
In 2003, Edel released Flowers: The Jennifer Paige Hits Collection as a result of her parting ways with her record label. In October of the same year, Paige admitted she was no longer with either Hollywood Records or Edel Records. Paige continued writing for other artists, and compiling songs for a new studio effort. In April 2006, "The Calling", was chosen by Lifetime Television for their made-for-TV movie, Augusta, Gone, based on the book of the same name. The song was written by Paige and co-writer/producer Chris Landon of Loudnoize Entertainment.

In 2015, she released Is It Ever Enough on her YouTube channel. In the same time, she launched a fundraising campaign to produce her upcoming album Starflower through Kickstarter. In December 2016, her song Let Me Love You, was included in the compilation Nashville Indie Spotlight 2017. The album was released on March 31, 2017, while the lead single The Devil's in the Details was released on February 17, 2017.

Influences
Paige has said that she has been influenced by singers such as Annie Lennox, Mariah Carey, Sade, George Michael and Etta James.

Awards and nominations
{| class=wikitable ! Year !! Awards !! Work !! Category !! Result !! Ref.
 * 1999
 * RSH Gold Awards
 * Herself
 * Best Newcomer
 * Won
 * Won

EPs

 * Holiday (2012)

Compilations

 * Flowers (The Hits Collection) (2003)

Filmography

 * 1999: Tumbleweeds
 * 2002: The Country Bears

title: Jennifer Paige


text: User talk:24.189.198.40

title: User talk:24.189.198.40


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Tim "Warpaint/Eater X" Janus

I don't think you should delete it. It captures the essence of who he is as an eater and a person.

Hey, don't get me wrong. I was amused. Still needs a delete though. --Neschek 18:03, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Glen Gould

Glen Gould (born June 6, 1971) is an Indigenous Canadian actor, director and producer of Miꞌkmaq and Italian descent. Between 2016 and 2020, he played the role of detective Jerry Commanda on the television series Cardinal.

Career
Gould began performing professionally in Tomson Highway's theatrical troupe, Native Earth Performing Arts (to which Billy Merasty had referred him), and in Theatre New Brunswick; however, his career went on hiatus in 1992 when his parents were killed in a car accident.

Gould resumed performing in 1994, and has subsequently appeared in many Canadian television programs, including Cashing In, Blackstone, North of 60, Cardinal and Tribal, and films, including The Colony, File Under Miscellaneous, Rhymes for Young Ghouls, North Mountain, Monkey Beach, Girl and Bones of Crows.

In 2011, Gould won the Outstanding Performance Award at the Atlantic Film Festival for his role in the film Charlie Zone.

Family
Gould's uncle was Donald Marshall Jr., whose wrongful conviction for murder occurred the day before Gould's birth: Gould's pregnant mother was so shocked by the verdict that she went into labour with him. His first acting role was a minor part in the 1989 film adaptation of Michael Harris's 1986 book Justice Denied, which explored the events leading to Marshall's conviction.

Gould's grandfather was Donald Marshall Sr. His daughter is actress Na'ku'set Gould.

title: Glen Gould


text:
User:Babbage/SudanProject

Sudan Project
Moved to: WikiProject_Sudan

title: User:Babbage/SudanProject


text: User talk:63.241.8.52

title: User talk:63.241.8.52