text:
Talk:Sexual abuse/Archive 1

References needed
Removed from the article, for lack of reference:

 * In ancient China, young girls often had their feet bound in a manner that caused the big toe to stick out. The enlarged toe served as a substitute penis for the girl.  Some ancient Chinese texts describe using the big toe in sexual play, leading many researchers to conclude that the practice was abusive.  Others doubt that statement, and claim that this was a standard and accepted practice, and did not cause the negative effects associated with modern child sexual abuse.

Which ancient chinese texts? During which eras of footbinding? Which modern texts refer to this?

 * In some South Pacific island cultures, it was believed that young boys needed to swallow large amounts of semen, termed jerungdu, in order to properly mature sexually. This was accomplished by older boys receiving oral sex from the younger boys.
 * Vaguely recall reading something slightly similar to this ages ago, although I'd certainly want to see the references before seeing this included in a wikipedia article... Mathmo 11:17, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Which cultures? When?

THAT IS GROSS!

Someone has a sick mind. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sj (talk • contribs) on October 22, 2004.

 * Haha. You have to be American. It still amazes me how ppl are culturally conditioned react to things. I've read about this more than twice in my many years of reading psychology/sociology works, and I'm going to try to find a ref. --DanielCD 20:08, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's been readded into the child sexual abuse article, this time with a proper ref. --DanielCD 22:07, 17 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Errr... made my comment too soon, before I read this.... Although, when I look at the article I can't see this included anywhere or there reference. What happened to them?? Mathmo 11:25, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

From a victim of sex abuse
I am a victim of sex abuse and in 2004 I made the biggest leap in my life and wrote a reasonably detailed article on what was going through my mind and how it affected me, this could be used in the article, or just as a reference somewhere, I am new to editing wikipedia, so at the moment I edit nothing more then the talk pages. The article is here: http://www.deviantart.com/deviation/13023005/

The article apparently has helped a few new-found-friends who have suffered abuse, even completly different abuse. I think it is best being under External Links personally, should I put it there? --Kintaro 13:27, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Heck, I added it anyway, wasnt sure how to describe it, I feel biased describing my own work, so maybe someone could care to read it and maybe edit my description of the link. --Kintaro 14:09, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting personal account. But I suggest you edit it a little bit (I would have suggested you post it on some wiki, but I guess collaborative editing of personal memories would be weird :-] ), fixing obvious grammar errors, structuring it better, etc. There is nothing that a simple reread and fix things that can be done better (repeat) cycle can't fix. It has the potential to be a great article, but I think it's still an early revision. Thanks for sharing the link anyway, and I hope you will work on your article a bit more. Paranoid 16:26, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I have felt it has needed editing for some time. I may work on this in the near future. --Kintaro 07:56, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, I would be happy for others to edit it and email it to me, that would be best. I think I will fire up and edit it myself however. My grammer has been greatly improving it seems .--Kintaro 08:59, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I just completed another revision, it is now linked from the page to another location along with a PDF copy of the document. The first primary link is to a page on my forum which is hosted on my ADSL connection, but it will always contain the latest version/revision of the article.

 * Alright, regarding edits, I have set up a https://kintarolabs.sytes.net/wiki/index.php/Sexual_Abuse_From_A_Victim page on my local wiki that people can freely stroll upon and vandalise, or edit grammer, spelling, whatever you see fit, or just comment and add suggestions.

Female offenders not mentioned, sexist language
I find it very disappointing that abusers in this article are invariably refered to as "he" and that female offenders aren't even mentioned.

Whether you are of the school of thought that it's not wrong for women in their 30s and 40s to have sex with 12 year old boys (the boys are "lucky" according to some), that's not the legal defintion (despite many female pedophiles and child sexual abusers getting away with it).

What does it say when a man who abuses a boy is a pedophile and child sexual abuser, but a grown woman who abuses a boy is not?

Despite the common disbeliefs, many young girls who are abused by pedophiles don't think it's wrong until they are TOLD it is wrong. This is much the same for a boy who claims he wasn't abused because he liked it. Many accept this. But if a young girl says she wasn't abused, this is (and rightly so) unacceptable. She is not in the position to say whether she was abused. It should be no different for boys.

This double standard is sexist and dangerous.

Bias within Sexual Abuse article
The generalisations under the heading of Spousal sexual abuse are not supported by any public record or statistic. As a result, the statements do not conform with the Wikipedia Neutral Point of View Policy. Recommend deletion. DB 12:42, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree, it does seem very biased. What made me first check the talk page to see if anything had been said about that, so.... deletion. Mathmo 11:36, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Incest
This page was just edited to include incest as a non-consensual, forced behaivor. While I agree that incest deserves to be classified as a form of sexual abuse, it is often consensual and so I would argue that it belongs in its own category\bullet point.

worth mentioning
The article should mention the conflict of legal age of consent with reality, that some who are within the legal age of consent may actually be more sexually and psychologically mature than some who are older than the age of consent, and as a result a person who is older than the age of consent may be sexually abused (a.k.a taken advantage of) by another adult, yet not raped because she/he was not emotionally mature enough to say no, yet the person who performed the abuse, who took advantage of another person's weakness for their own pleasure, will get away with it. Often the person is fully aware of the other party's immaturity and insecurity and that he/she is taking advantage of someone, and uses the same techniques that other abusers use on children. It creates an unfortunate situation where a person may be sexually abused yet feel powerless and guilty about it, and where the abuser gets away with it. It highlights the ineffecacy of America's sexual education programs in teaching young people to assert their sexual rights and also the flaws of age of consent laws which don't take into consideration a person's psychological age. There has been some discussion about it, in Sweden for example, but it was argued that it would be too difficult to prove when it happens, even more difficult than rape, to prove that they took advantage, and therefore is probably not realistic to prosecute them, or that there would be a risk of innocent people being prosecuted. Nevertheless it is still a problem that should be mentioned on here as it relates to abuse, because people are abused in this way yet often feel that they themselves have done something wrong, and should be encouraged to get counseling and realize that they were in fact abused. Akseli 12:59, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Minor sexual abuse section inaccurate
The "Minor sexual abuse" section was inaccurate in several ways. It is inaccurate to say that all sexual activities with minors is sexual abuse under all state's laws. The key is whether the minor in question is Under the age of consent. Since some states set the age of consent at 16, then it is possible for a minor of 16 or 17 in those states to legally consent to sexual activities with an adult. Another problem in the section was the claim that all sexually activities involving minors are illegal since masturbation, generally considered a sexual activity, is not so far as I know illegal under any state or federal laws. Also, I corrected the fact that the section failed to mention the distinction often made between adult/preteen sexual activities (child sexual abuse) and adult/teen sexual activities (statutory rape) or that their exists a marital exemption in some states to sexual abuse laws. --Cab88 23:06, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

marriage to minors
"Another exemption under sexual abuse laws states that exists in some states applies to adults legally married to minors. Thus, said adults can legally have sexual relations with their spouses without violating the law"

wouldn't they have already violated the law by marrying a minor? I don't understand this sentence.. --Froth 03:52, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It depends. At least in the state of New Mexico, marriage to a minor is permitted so long as parental consent is given., as long as they are over the age of 16.  --Puellanivis 22:21, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

"Romeo Exclusion" and Marriage to a Minor
As a simple example of existence, in the state of New Mexico, marriage to a minor is permitted with parental consent so long as the child is over the age of 16, and no other violations of law would occur in the union (e.g. incest). By expectations of the privledge of marriage, the adult spouse would not be consider to be raping their minor spouse as long as the act was consentual.

In support of both the "Romeo Exclusion" being an exclusion to statutory rape, within the State of New Mexico, there is at least a 4 year difference allowed such as to ensure that a consentual act of sex could occur spontaneously simply because one partner comes of legal age. --Puellanivis 22:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Abuse
Template:Abuse has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. — Joie de Vivre 15:30, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Keep. There is nothing wrong with having this in an encyclopedia, and in fact, it is a very real and disturbing fact of life. Just because someone may be offended, or have been victimized in relation to the topic at hand, that does not mean it should be removed. Mzanime 02:28, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

Incest is not necessarily abuse
The definition now reads:
 * Sexual abuse (also referred to as molestation) is defined as the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person to another. The term incest is defined as sexual abuse between family members, and the euphemism "bad touch" is sometimes used to describe such abuse.(Renvoizé 1982)

But when you look at the definition of incest it does not include the use of force. Here in Germany we have a brother and sister who are parents of common children before the Supreme Court fighting for their right to consensual incest. How can we fix this paragraph? It isn't right the other way around, either: "Sexual abuse between family members is called incest" would be equally wrong since incest requires some sort of intercourse not just verbal molestation. Did Renvoizé coin the term "bad touch" for incest or for sexual abuse or their common denominator? Why is it a euphemism? Sounds pretty bad to me: Roman Czyborra 09:56, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Difference?
What's the difference between rape and molestation? TwistedRed (talk) 03:55, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The article lists rape as only one of several kinds of molestation/sexual abuse. However, based upon the way this articles introduces the definition of sexual abuse, it would seem to only be describing rape. I think this may need to be worked out to make this article more consistant, either by expanding the original definition, or not including these other forms.
 * I believe the reason this confusion exists is because the introduction is largely drawn from the word 'molestation' which has a more specific use, whereas 'sexual abuse' is a more broad term. Molestation refers to bothering people with things they do not want ('molest' sounds a lot like a worse form of 'pester' to me, I dunno) often seen in terms of the person's reactions to someone's behaviours, whereas sexual abuse is a more neutral and objective sort of reference which refers to morality in terms of sexual conduct. You can see this specifically be removing the prefix and looking at abuse which is probably a very interpretable sort of word.
 * It is perhaps not the best to have had these articles merged. I believe it is possible to use the word 'molest' similar to the word accost whereas even though it generally is used in reference to sexual situations, it can have asexual uses too, and an article should address all of these meanings rather than only identify the most popular one. It is fine to identify the most popular one the most prominently, but not to exclusion.
 * For example, one of the three forms of sexual abuse mentioned is "The use of a position of trust for sexual purposes". However, this would not always fit within the context of 'forcing unwanted sexual acts' as the article describes. Society commonly refers to abusing positions as trust as sexual abuse and still frequently disdains it (especially in the case of men doing it) even when it is not forced, and when it is wanted. Tyciol (talk) 00:26, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Picture question
Where are all the pictures? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.234.232.90 (talk) 15:44, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Undue focus?
Currently the section regarding sexual abuse of children/minors is larger than the introductory paragraph explaining the true meaning of the term. Not only that, but it's supposed to be a mere summary of a different article being redirected to. I think either this needs to be cut down a little bit or else we need to build this article bigger so that it's not overpowred by this subsection. Tyciol (talk) 07:30, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Expansion of this article is a good idea; there is a lot of information that can be added and references on this topic are plentiful. The child sexual abuse section is appropriate in length for a section linked to a main article and should not be reduced. --Jack-A-Roe (talk) 16:22, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

where are the pics —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.5.216.204 (talk) 16:10, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

Another Section
Would a section for occupational/academic sexual misconduct be appropriate? I am referring to for instance a college professor using their position to gain sexual favors from students, or a boss doing the same with employees.Legitimus (talk) 18:05, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

The Detuh
She was killed by a hitman named Jordan Mays —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.39.19.61 (talk) 14:44, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Added to the see also list.

 * False allegation of child sexual abuse. Godtadet (talk) 08:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Mild Sexual Abuse
Did you, as a child have parents who insisted you kiss/hug them, or that you kiss/hug them or your grandparents? And when you protested you were told that "It's no big deal." or "you're overeacting." Would this be a form of sexual abuse? This happened to me The snare (talk) 20:29, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

Positions of Power
The article added here as evidence to the sexual abuse by the Muslim clerics in Pakistan is baseless and quoting a Telegraph article which does not even exist and I think it was added just to increase the list or may be to include another major religion or even may be putting all religions under the same roof. Well, whatever the case is the reference is unauthentic itself and from a website explicitly targeting other faiths so how can it complement another article. There has never been cases reported in Pakistan, I have lived there for 21 years, of such nature and even if it would have happened ten t would have been an act of an individual not instigated by the power relinquished by the Islamic rules and regulations, it is not like it is practiced widely or even more than may be once a million years. I appeal here that Islam should be removed from this list immediately and if the case is still to be remained a better reference should be acquired. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Otherangle (talk • contribs) 23:00, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

What if there's consent?
For example, incest is passed off as sexual abuse when on it on, it may or may not be consensual. As far as I'm concerned, sexual abuse is involuntary, and is no excuse for excessive morality. --68.7.110.80 (talk) 01:06, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Many forms of sexual abuse contain what I term an "illusion of consent" or "false consent" wherein the victim complies with the actions, but there is some element behind it that compromises that person's ability to truely consent to what is happening to them. Such is the case with children (who do not understand what is happening and so cannot consent) and cases where the abuser is in a position of power over that person (where the person is essentially blackmailed into playing along).  Incest is not always sexual abuse per se, in that it can occur between two adults, though statisticlly this almost always occurs between people who were separated for most of their childhood and never formed a familial bond, and/or in cases of people with several mental illness.  In the context of this article, "incest" is primarily used to refer to the abuse of a child though.Legitimus (talk) 11:59, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

 * That's the problem - the notion that children do not understand what is happening is an unfortunate blanket statement that ruins it for those with legitimate consent. However, I can concede that your "illusion of consent"/"false consent" can be applied to anybody who happens to be lacking in intelligence, regardless of age.  Even I acknowledged that the context of the article's mention of incest as being with a child, but I can see how the abuse isn't always so, not that statistics would count those non-abuse accounts.--160.227.21.253 (talk) 18:53, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Footnote #4
I'm not sure where do i post this. I was trying to find for a complaint button without success, thus I choose to write it here, hoping someone would take this into concern. The footnote # 4 on this article leads to a very disturbing website that promotes hatred againts Islam. Also, the website contains list of other blogs which are more extreme than the website itself. I have nothing againts the particular article that was meant to be inserted in the footnote though, but i do see alot of biased and hate comments posted below the article in that website,for example a comment suggesting an ethnic cleansing of Muslims. Links attached to the websites suggest these kind of page names :Burning the Koran for freedom, Creeping Sharia,Islamo nazism, Stop Islamisation of Europe, Why Islam is not a religion of peace, etc. I agree you can't stop people from spreading lies, and you can't stop them from reading lies too. But being an unbiased and neutral org Wikipedia is itself, it should not the least participate in linking people into hate promoting websites like these.Articles in Wikipedia should refer to reliable sources as it says in the guidelines for editors but what I see here, it's exposing the readers to a source which contains more personal opinions than generally accepted knowledge. I strongly suggest Christians and people from other religions to check on the rest of the footnotes too so they can voice out if they link to misleading websites as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aryazadeh (talk • contribs) 20:39, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This is the right place to discuss article changes. However, Wikipedia is not in the business of censoring content for the reasons you describe. With that said, the source is a blog, which is generally frowned upon. If you can find another source, ideally a news article from a prominent paper, or even a blog with more notability, it would serve as a great replacement. And by the way, welcome to wikipedia! Jess talk|edits 21:53, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Your concerns are absolutely correct--that site is a blog, which fail WP:RS in almost all cases. As such, I have removed the reference. Without a valid reference, I went ahead and removed Islam from the list, as this is such a serious allegation that we need at least one valid source. If anyone has a reliable source to support abuse in Islam, they may re-add with citation, of course. If you ever see a blog being used as a reliable source, please feel free to remove the source, and consider removing the information as well, especially if it is contentious. Qwyrxian (talk) 22:06, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Qwyrxian, I (very sloppily) undid most of your change. I left out the source being discussed here, since it really is out of place, but the other content seems appropriate. Sex abuse issues with Islam seem to be popping up all the time, and given that we have at least one QS stating as much, that should be left in with a CN tag until we can find a suitable replacement. The Jehova's Witnesses have a whole article devoted to sex abuse cases as well, which is already linked. That seems to be well sourced, so if you'd like to pull in something from that article to this one, that would be ok - though not technically necessary. Also, as a sidenote, you removed my edit in an edit conflict when replying. I undid that for you, but it's just something to look out for :) All the best, Jess talk|edits 23:32, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * (ec)Apologies, as I didn't mean to delete your comment--there must have been some sort of edit conflict (I was rushing to finish that before getting ready for work). While I think Mann_jess was wrong to reinsert Islam without a valid reference, I guess it can stay in for a while to see if someone can reference it. Of course, we are always allowed to delete any unsourced info, and the burden to find the source lies on those who want to include the info, so if anyone else wants to delete it now they are more than welcome to do so.
 * (ec)Also, I must disagree with what you (Mann_jess) say about blogs. There is almost no such thing as a "blog with more notability."  Per WP:SPS, there are really only 3 situations in which blogs are acceptable sources: when they are giving information about the subjection (in which case there are a whole bunch of special criteria such as a lack of undue self-promotion), when the "blog" isn't really a blog but actually an article in an reliable online newspaper that has editorial control that just uses the word "blog" to sound modern (often because they allow reader comments), or when the writer of the blog is a verified expert in the field (in which case you must be absolutely certain of the identity of the writer and must be able to prove the person meets the status of expert, and even then it would be a case-by-case basis).  The only possible reason I could imagine to use a blog as a reference for this piece of information would be if there was a well known scholar (university professor, etc.) who was well-known as an expert on the practical aspects of one or more Islamic sects (i.e., not an Islamic religious scholar/Quranic expert, but an expert in the social and political nature of Islam).  But in that case, since this is a general sentence, why not cite the reliable works for which the expert is known?
 * (ec--responding to your 23:32 comment): I agree with the re-addition of the JW--I should have noticed the wikilink to the page on their abuses. I still strongly disagree with the re-addition of Islam, but that's because, in general, I think that information should be sourced before adding, not added in the hope/expectation a source will turn up later (i.e., I'm an immediatist). Furthermore, I think that when we're alleging something like sexual abuse, we need to be extra sure to have a strong, reliable source first.  But, of course, others have different editing philosophies, so I figure it can stay in, at least for now. Qwyrxian (talk) 23:46, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Qwyrxian, as you said, there are cases where a blog is acceptable as a reliable source. There are, indeed, blogs which do have notability and a reputation for checking facts which we use elsewhere on the site. I agree that in this case a blog isn't ideal, and it should be a simple matter of google searching to find a worthy replacement from a newspaper or book. I would agree with you that the content should be removed until such a time, except that we had a QS in its place up until today. CN tags are there to be used for a reason, and I think this is a good one - it gives our editors a chance to find a suitable replacement without negatively impacting the article content in the interim. There's no need to rush these things, and if we don't have an editor step up and provide a source in a reasonable time, it should be removed. Jess talk|edits 03:03, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Removal of victims advocacy link
I removed the Canadian sexual abuse victim's advocacy link, because I believe that link is in clear violation of WP:EL. The nutshell summary of WP:EL reads, "External links in an article can be helpful to the reader, but they should be kept minimal, meritable, and directly relevant to the article." Per this, the standard for inclusion on external links is quite high. Take a look at WP:ELYES and WP:ELMAYBE. This link definitely doesn't meet any of the WP:ELYES guidelines. There is no indication on that site that it is a particularly reliable source; rather, per it's About page, "SexAssault.ca is a Canadian victims advocacy website founded by Philanthropist Mark Zinck." There is no info provided to give any reason to believe that the site creators have any particular knowledge or expertise in the field, or that the information is in any way reliable. As such, I don't believe it is appropriate to include that link. Qwyrxian (talk) 07:08, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Picture of sexually abused child
I just joined Wikipedia so I don't have the authority to make changes to this topic yet, but perhaps I can persuade someone else to? I think the picture of the sexually abused child should be removed because: 1. The child has not provided permission for his/her picture to be used on Wikipedia. 2. The picture is exploitative of the child and should have never been taken or published in the first place. Just because the child is anonymous and the individual is likely no longer alive today doesn't mean it's ok to use his/her photo. Imagine if we posted a picture of a child who was sexually abused last year? Laws would prevent this. 3. The picture serves absolutely no purpose in enhancing the information about the topic except to affect the reader's emotions. Surely we can feel emotional about the horrors of child sexual abuse without looking at a photo. 4. The picture also serves to perpetuate harmful stereotypes that "this is what an abused child looks like"- listless and battered. The face of child sexual abuse is not obvious and it is diverse. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joy3482 (talk • contribs) 18:26, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely right and I have removed the picture. I had not looked at this article in several years and had I noticed it before I would have removed it sooner.  I don't know what the back story is with that photo but some tosser kept trying to insert it into other articles too.Legitimus (talk) 20:36, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Or not. Seems some other user accused me of censorship, though had he read the talk page he would see it was nothing of the sort. Well, whoever has a serious argument in favor of keeping the image, please post.Legitimus (talk) 23:51, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how I feel about the picture being included. But I can understand the "this is what an abused child looks like - listless and battered" opposition. Flyer22 (talk) 20:27, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Do you know where this picture is from? I am not even clear what I am looking at other than a child who looks physically ill.  My concern is that someone just took a random photo of a sick child and added a description, which is all kinds of wrong.
 * But also, this is a subject that should never have a face assigned to it. It doesn't illustrate anything about the subject.  None of my textbooks contain any photos about sexual abuse other than pictures of perpetrators, or clean smiling family photos of well-known victims.Legitimus (talk) 19:15, 30 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Through sheer exposure, I have long ago stopped having much emotional reaction to such cases at all. (Imagine the difference between a regular person seeing a car accident victim versus a surgeon who long ago developed the "skin" needed to remain objective and focused on treatment.  I still don't believe that the photo belongs, however, simply because the photo does not reasonably depict the actual issue.  The great, great majority of victims are visually indistingishable from children who are not sexually abused.  What is visible is the (non-sexual) violence, such as this victim shows.  I have therefore re-removed the pic.— James Cantor (talk) 19:37, 30 July 2011 (UTC)
 * No, Legitimus, I don't know where the picture is from. And I understand your concern about someone having been deceptive with the description. I agree with you and James on why the picture should be excluded. Flyer22 (talk) 00:00, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Also, I think the child in that photo is deceased. Flyer22 (talk) 00:01, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

Is this really needed?
"Bad Touch" redirects here. For the song, see The Bad Touch.- I've heard young children use that terminology. I've heard Adults use that terminology to young children.It just seems rather mocking to have it here. Is there an actual need for it? I just have the mental picture of a bloodhound gang fan having a herp derp moment upon finding this page as opposed to the opposite.24.115.19.178 (talk) 05:12, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

So is the article saying all parents are sexual abusers? It certainly implies to state that.

Bulletpoint lacks sufficient detail.
"Saying sexually suggestive statements towards a child (child molestation)." I'm sorry is this saying that saying sexually suggestive statements to, towards, or at a child is Child molestation? I mean if so wouldn't the Character that Julia Roberts plays in the Stepmom be committing Child molestation while talking to her future stepdaughter. Roberts tells her future stepdaughter to insult a boy at school who previously humiliated her, telling him that she doesn't waste her time with "losers who don't even know what snowblowing is." That's just a rather tame and innocent example. further more and honestly as written it seems more like sexual harassment tan anything else as it is written.24.115.19.178 (talk) 05:23, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 1 June 2012
"ISLAM (CITATION NEEDED)" SHOULD BE DELETED THERE IS NO PROOF OF THIS.

Ismi2u (talk) 06:09, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
 * there is not currently a cite, this is true, but cases are very easy to find. I'm sure someone will add a cite eventually. (If this were a person I would delete it, but as a religion it's not as if it can be "slandered", and Islam is all grown up now with over a billion followers, it's a big boy and can look after itself) Egg   Centri  c  14:32, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Actually, it's been marked as needing a citation since January 2011. That's plenty of time for someone to have added it, and WP:V clearly says that information which has been challenged should be removed at some point. Every single other religion either has a citation or is a link to a specific page about sex scandal in the church. We can't keep just one religion there uncited indefinitely under the presumption that it will some day be verified. Of course, anyone who wishes to verify it and re-add it is more than welcome to do so. Qwyrxian (talk) 03:44, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

Small issue with child sexual abuse section
I have a small issue with the statement that "child sexual abuse also occurs when an adult indecently exposes their genitalia to a child,...". Because the definition indecent exposure can cover just about any form of public nudity in some places, this statement is way too broad. In the U.S. and in many other countries it is not legally child sexual abuse to expose your genitals to a child in the context of say nudist activities, a nude protest march, mom or dad being nude around their kids in the privacy of their own home, etc. Now if you intentionally expose yourself for the specific purpose show your genitals to a child then that can considered sexual abuse but merely being nude around a child is not legally sexual abuse (please correct me if anyone aware of any state cases that contradict that statement). I'm not aware of any credible expert on the issue of child sexual abuse who argues that child being exposed to the genitals of an adult is automatically sexual abuse in and of itself. yes, some people do argue that taking a child to nudist resort or beach or a parent being naked around their child is sexual abuse in and of itself but they represent a minority. I'm not sure how best to correct this but I do feel it should be reworded to be clear that merely being nude around a child is not sexual abuse in and of itself. --Cab88 (talk) 09:09, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with the principle of what you are saying.  It's the goal of the "exposer" and not the nudity per se that makes it abusive or not.  I think it just needs to be rephrased in a way that makes this more clear.Legitimus (talk) 12:20, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I found a much better way of phrasing it in the Child sexual abuse article which I copied over to this the CSA section in this article. It now properly differentiates between abusive exposure of the genitals to a child (i.e. for sexual gratification vs non-abusive (i.e. nudism, familial nakedness, accidental exposure). --Cab88 (talk) 19:05, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Boy Scouts of America
There is a dispute on Boy Scouts of America about the inclusion of material about sexual abuse. I'm hoping the editors here would be familiar with the subject and be able to help us settle the dispute. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 05:42, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The dispute is settled, and you lost. Votestacking won't work.   Belch fire - TALK  06:24, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Since I'm closely following WP:CANVAS, I made my original remarks as neutral as possible. Unfortunately, Belchfire and Arthur Rubin don't want more editors to see what's going on, so they're doing their best to discourage you from looking at the article and deciding for yourselves. I suggest that you don't let them control you. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 07:55, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You were the one who wanted to hide comments. If Belchfire is incorrect, it reflects on him, rather than on you.  However, my impression is not that the matter was undecided there, but that consensus was against you.  Bringing in other opinions might find consensus for a different option, but almost certainly not the one you would prefer.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 08:20, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Nowhere in WP:CONSENSUS does it say that what the editors paying attention to an article on a given day decide is binding upon Wikipedia. Quite the contrary, the more distinct editors involved, the more meaningful a consensus. That's why there are various mechanisms for bringing in more editors, the most simple of which is the notice I posted above.
 * Belchfire's goal was to preserve a fake consensus formed out of a bloc of conservatives acting together in violation of Wikipedia policy. As a result, I hatted his attempt to derail the editing process with a clear label to inform people of what they would see inside. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 17:32, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * See WP:VOTESTACK, a sub-section of WP:CANVAS:"Votestacking is an attempt to sway consensus by selectively notifying editors who have or are thought to have a predetermined point of view or opinion (which may be determined, among other ways, from a userpage notice, such as a userbox, or from user categorization), and thus encouraging them to participate in the discussion."
 * You have several options available to you for attracting neutral editors to participate in a discussion, but you didn't elect to use them. Instead, you have selected this Talk page to post a plea for help because you perceive that editors found here are likely to support your losing argument.  This is an attempt to craft a specific outcome.  It's votestacking.

 * In addition, because the notice you posted here is in no way related to the article "Sexual abuse", the notice is disruptive, and should probably be removed on those grounds.

 * I will leave your self-serving misinterpretation of WP:CONSENSUS for another time, being satisfied for now to merely observe the humor in that you believe a consensus to be binding when it agrees with you, and meaningless when it does not.  Belch fire - TALK  17:50, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You're both absurdly violating Wikipedia policies and guidelines. Still is asking for help from editors of a potentially related article, and started out with an apparently  neutral request.  However, he falsely claims there was not a previous consensus, and he hid Belchfire's efforts to point that out.  Belchfire was falsely accusing him of canvassing, but correctly accusing him of an WP:OTHERPARENT violation.
 * If there is a relationship between this article and the Boy Scouts article, Still's first comment here was reasonable. His followup comments were not.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 18:01, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * If you read WP:OTHERPARENT, you'll find that it specifically applies to noticeboards and administrators. You really have to read policy, not just the titles of links. Belchfire was wrong on both of these issues, and wrong to try to disrupt my neutral call for more editors. If you read the rest of WP:CONSENSUS, you'll find that it talks about what's happening here and fully supports my actions:
 * Neutral, informative messages to Wikipedia noticeboards, WikiProjects, or editors are permitted; but actions that could reasonably be interpreted as an attempt to "stuff the ballot box" or otherwise compromise the consensus-building process are considered disruptive editing.
 * It also says, in as many words:
 * Consensus among a limited group of editors, at one place and time, cannot override community consensus on a wider scale.
 * This directly refutes your claims about the value of a previous consensus. Do me a favor; don't pretend to be some expert on policy. You keep making obvious mistakes and saying things that aren't true. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 18:17, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * While I respect Arthur's knowledge of policy, I'm not convinced he got it right this time. Your actions bring to mind a question: why not post a RfC?   Belch fire - TALK  18:22, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * If you want to escalate to an RfC, you're welcome to. I prefer to start small. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 18:30, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * That's rich. RfC is hardly "escalation", but it is neutral, and that's why it doesn't interest you.  And you've had no difficulty "escalating" in the past, have you?  The problem is that you know full well you are 0-3 in "escalations" lately, so now you're looking to put your thumb on the scale.  If RfC doesn't appeal to you, why not go to DRN?

 * And again I remind, this Talk page is not intended for this purpose.   Belch fire - TALK  18:45, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

It doesn't seem that you understand what escalation is. Regardless, an RfC would be fine, since it's bringing in more editors. We could try DRN, but it's basically worthless. Unless we luck out and get one of the few volunteers who goes beyond the limits of the process, they'll just count heads and pretend that a consensus is a vote. Fortunately, a DRN is not binding, so I would not be bound by it.

This talk page is intended to discuss the sexual abuse article and to bring up peripheral matters, such as what to do about sexual abuse content in other articles, with Boy Scouts of America being a good example. Still-24-45-42-125 (talk) 21:08, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * No, in fact, it is not. This page exists for exactly one purpose: discussing improvements to the Sexual abuse article. Any discussions of other pages must go somewhere else. Period. It was acceptable to notify this page of the other discussion (as Still... pointed out, maybe someone here has expertise that would be valuable there), but that is all. I expect that this conversation is now done. Qwyrxian (talk) 01:35, 9 August 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 11 September 2012
I think that people need to know facts about stuff they don't feel comfortable enough to talk about. That's why people come to this website to add stuff they know so other people can learn knew things. Please change this page so it is more discriptive

Surferchick022 (talk) 01:43, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
 * You make a valid point and a valiant plea. Unfortunately the nature of an edit request requires that you say something more direct as in change A (showing the current wording) to B ( showing the proposed new wording) I hope you'll join our editing community and soon be making these edits yourself. I posted some information on your talk page that may be helpful as you begin. Good luck. 76 Strat String da Broke da (talk) 01:50, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

Edit request for hatnote
Can someone add a hat note to indicate that Bad Touch redicts here, for the song see The Bad Touch? Thanks. I forgot my password. 72.95.180.63 (talk) 03:15, 11 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done I just fixed the redirect. — Bility (talk) 16:25, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 24 July 2013

 * ❌ One reference from Andrea Dworkin isn't going to cut it for adding something like that to the lede paragraph. OhNo itsJamie Talk 00:27, 25 July 2013 (UTC)

"Leave me alone you dirty cuckold"
Does this image really help the article? It's a rather realistic drawing of a child being molested, and might be rather triggering for some. This is real armour (talk) 04:35, 19 March 2015 (UTC)
 * It is difficult to say, so I will lay the variables out for consideration.
 * On the one hand, Wikipedia is not censored, and the potential for a image to be "triggering" is considered inadequate grounds for removal. Triggering is highly subjective and can just as easily occur with stimuli that are completely neutral in the general sense.  Furthermore, in this particular instance it is fallacious to assume the image would trigger and the text would not.
 * On the other hand, there are questions of WP:PERTINENCE with this image. While it seems laypeople like to put images in articles, from a professional standpoint it's not required nor even particularly necessary with many subjects, including this one.  Furthermore, Martin van Maële drew these images to be erotic and it would not be a great leap to infer he was a pedophile from that.  I would prefer to give such works as little recognition as possible.Legitimus (talk) 12:52, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

 * For documentation on this talk page, this is the image in question (and where it was placed in the article). In addition to what Legitimus stated above, there is also the WP:Offensive material guideline, which states, "[O]ffensive words and offensive images should not be included unless they are treated in an encyclopedic manner. Material that would be considered vulgar or obscene by typical Wikipedia readers should be used if and only if its omission would cause the article to be less informative, relevant, or accurate, and no equally suitable alternative is available." It also has a note beside "typical Wikipedia readers" to clarify what it means by that. Like Legitimus, I would not mind removing the image in question. Flyer22 (talk) 19:07, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 September 2016
Please add "1in6, based in the U.S., is one of the leading organizations dedicated to helping men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences. The non-profit provides information & resources related to the issue, specifically for male survivors and those who care about them.  The organization is named after the statistic, which indicates the percentage of men in the United States who have experienced some form of sexual abuse before age 18.  To address the growing need for support groups dedicated to male survivors, 1in6 & RAINN jointly created a weekly online peer support group, facilitated by a professional counselor.  It's a chat-based resource available to male survivors all over the world." because 1) male survivors need to know where they can find support, 2) the statistic (most well-researched) needs to be discussed as a means of creating awareness & fighting through the isolation and shame often associated with this issue, and 3) 1in6 is a leading organization, backed by decades of research and knowledge from top-tier clinical psychologists. Thank you.

Andrewplangdon (talk) 00:30, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: (1) request is not clearly stated in the "change X to Y" format and (2) we have no article on 1in6. Establish the notability of the group first (WP:WTAF).  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 19:23, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

Latest additions
Proxima Centauri, regarding this, this and this, the solution is not to re-add the material. Yes, I see that you changed it after re-adding it, but the text is still problematic. For one, we should not be directly talking to our readers, and/or giving them medical advice. See WP:Medical disclaimer and WP:MEDMOS. Two, big blockquotes can be a WP:COPYVIO concern. And three, we should be using quality sources per WP:MEDRS. I might go ahead and ask WP:Med to weigh in on this. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 14:55, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Queried them here. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 15:03, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Proxima Centauri, the following is fine, but it should be sourced: "Sex abuse is one of the most common forms of abuse in nursing homes. Sex abuse is any type of non consensual sex. If a nursing home fails to do proper background checks on an employee who subsequently abuses residents, the home can be liable for negligence. When nursing homes fail to supervise staff or train staff to recognize signs of abuse the home can also be liable for negligence." Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 15:06, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

I made the reference clearer. Proxima Centauri (talk) 16:07, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

 * concur w/ Flyer22 Reborn on --Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 20:07, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Proxima Centauri, like I stated on my talk page, problems are still there. And I'd rather you learn to fix them instead of me going in and cleaning up the text and/or adding better sources.

 * Diannaa, do you mind weighing in on this matter, regarding the copyvio concerns? Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 04:34, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
 * We should not be giving advice, especially medical advice. Even if it's presented as advice coming from the Alzheimer's Society or some other outside source, advice should never be given. Framing it as a quotation does not make it okay to add this stuff either. A statement (properly sourced) that sex abuse is common in nursing homes is appropriate. The Alzheimer's Society website is not a very good source for this. What you need is something that qualifies under WP:MEDRS. I have removed three paragraphs of advice from the article. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk) 20:51, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Diannaa. You explain copyvio matters much better than I do and that's why I pinged you. That you cleaned up the article is a bonus, but my lazy self should have simply taken the bullet and did it myself. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 23:44, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

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Usually
The word 'usually' appears twice in this article but I do not see it quoted in any sources. I am concerned about original research here, is this derived from some synonym? ScratchMarshall (talk) 06:43, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

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Possible Articles To Add To Page
Sears, H.A., Byers, E.S., & Price, E.L. (2007). The co-occurrence of adolescent boys’ and girls’ use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 487-504.

Foshee, V.A. (1996). Gender differences in adolescent dating abuse prevalence, types and injuries. Health Education Research, 11(3), 275-286.

Stets, J.E. & Pirog-Good, M.A. (1989). Patterns of physical and sexual abuse for men and women in dating relationships: A descriptive analysis. Journal of Family Violence 4(1), 63-76.

Poitras, M. & Lavoie, F. (1995). A study of the prevalence of sexual coercion in adolescent heterosexual dating relationships in a Quebec sample. Violence and Victims 10(4), 299-313.

Wingood, G.M., DiClemente, R.J., & Raj, A. (2000). Adverse consequences of intimate partner abuse among women in non-urban domestic violence shelters. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19(4), 270-275.

Brousseau, M.M., Hebert, M., & Bergeron, S. (2012). Sexual coercion with mixed-sex couples: The roles of sexual motives, revictimization, and reperpetration. Journal of Sex Research, 49(6), 533-546.

Bergen, R.K. & Bukovec, P. (2006). Men and intimate partner rape: Characteristics of men who sexually abuse their partner. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(10), 1375-1384

Maxwell, C.D., Robinson, A.L., & Post, L.A. (2003). The nature and predictors of sexual victimization and offending among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(6). 465-477. Caregan25 (talk) 04:26, 1 August 2018 (UTC)Christine Regan
 * Caregan25, I reverted you per WP:MEDRS, WP:Undue weight and formatting issues. For health material, make sure that you adhere to WP:MEDRS. Adhering to WP:MEDRS for example, means generally avoiding primary sources. See WP:Primary. Also, a number of topics in this article have their own articles. So only summaries should be covered here in those cases; see WP:Summary style. I'm not sure if any of your content was a copyright violation, but keep WP:Copyvio in mind. If you reply here, there is no need to WP:Ping me since this article/talk page is on my watchlist. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 23:08, 16 August 2018 (UTC)

Gay
Homosexual, or attracted to his/her own gender. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:646:8480:49F0:95D7:B2AA:579:A9CF (talk) 03:56, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Um science standards not met.
No first hand statistics. Also directly plagiarizes form sourses. On a personal note this article claims 78% of abuse is by men without any explanation of how this info was gathered. Additionally even if more men are charged or/and convicted, this does not necessarily indicate more abuse but rather a scued perception the importance/affects on the abused based on gender. I would like to see an accusation verses conviction ratio. In order to make the claim that men do more abusing this ratio must be consistent from accusation to investigation to charge and finally to conviction. Dcpacho (talk) 10:30, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 January 2021
Add a section for vulnurable people and talk about the higher raates of sexual assault towards women of color, trans people, particularly trans women, as well as the high rate of sexual assault from straight people towards bisexual and pansexual people. 47.195.225.100 (talk) 16:49, 26 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 17:12, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 February 2021
Section Other animals, "Main article: Sexual coercion" should link to Sexual coercion among animals. 151.177.57.31 (talk) 18:48, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

Done. Thanks for your suggestion. Dimadick (talk) 19:31, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

Subheadings read as racist comment - could someone please change this?
Could someone with editing skills please remedy the following:

The subheading of 'Minorities' is directly followed by the subheading of 'Other animals'.

There is clear potential for this to be read as implying that 'minorities' are 'animals'. I checked through the whole article and cannot see mention of any animal prior to the 'Other animals' section - possibly such a reference was removed in an edit. Hopefully so.

Also, I noted a number of other issues with the 'Minorities' section. I will try to flag these up sometime in the near future. If anyone else can help it would be much appreciated.

Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by PenfoldBrown (talk • contribs) 06:30, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
 * You make a good point. I've moved "minorities" into the section where different groups are discussed. - Bilby (talk) 06:42, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

Cheers PenfoldBrown (talk) 08:28, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

Informal edit request: No mention of Groping?
No mention here of groping (a page which has only 8 interlanguage links, but is currently highly topical in the UK)? I feel it should at least be listed under ==See also==. 86.140.161.188 (talk) 10:03, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

sexual abuse
the act of Sexuall force to a minor.this has to stop .break the silence. Pls contact Childline if you are or saw a victim.thank you 168.167.247.27 (talk) 22:17, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 March 2023
I suggest you should change the phrase “ by a woman's husband or ex-husband” to “ by one’s partner or ex-partner”, due to the fact that spousal sexual abuse can happen to anyone of any gender. Slasher husband (talk) 20:50, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. M.Bitton (talk) 00:12, 24 March 2023 (UTC)

N v e
What is the meaning of drug abuse among student — Preceding unsigned comment added by 105.112.224.6 (talk) 05:15, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Child On Child Sexual Abuse
Child Are Abused By Family Member 2607:FB91:145A:1985:A9C3:48FF:F672:9A51 (talk) 18:03, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 September 2023
Can the picture be removed? I don't think including a graphic illustration of sexual assault is ok.

I haven't included the picture here due to the subject matter. There is only one picture.

Thanks PenfoldBrown (talk) 05:53, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ – I'll provide a more detailed explanation of why, however. While Wikipedia is not censored and images will not be removed purely because they may be objectionable, the image in question does not provide additional information or add additional relevancy to the article. I have therefore removed the image per MOS:OMIMG. Tollens (talk) 06:36, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sexual abuse/Archive 1


text:
User:Chadofborg

"To be free, one must give up a little part of oneself." --Hedwig Schmitt

For the record, I am also 65.119.255.162 and 66.47.84.194.

Among other things, I am interested in:

 * Philosophy, particularly ethics
 * Religion (philosophy thereof)
 * Science and Science fiction
 * Religion, especially the history of Christianity
 * Isaiah Berlin
 * Madonna
 * Voodoo
 * Graffiti
 * Homelessness
 * Addiction
 * North Carolina, New York, Louisiana, Costa Rica, and Haiti
 * English
 * Spanish

My webpage is http://www.oocities.com/chadofborg.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Chadofborg


text: File:Star Wars Galaxies Box Art.jpg

title: File:Star Wars Galaxies Box Art.jpg


text:
Sostratus of Cnidus

Sostratus of Cnidus (Σώστρατος ὁ Κνίδος; born 3rd century BC) was a Greek architect and engineer. He is said to have designed the lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (c. 280 BC), on the island of Pharos off Alexandria, Egypt. This claim is disputed.

Strabo writes that the lighthouse was dedicated and presumably funded by Sostratus, a friend of Egypt's ruler, Ptolemy. Pliny says that Sostratus was the architect and that Ptolemy graciously allowed him to "sign" the monument.

title: Sostratus of Cnidus


text:
General Motors C platform

The C platform, or C-body, name has been used twice by General Motors for its full-size car platform.
 * 1925-1984 GM C platform (RWD)
 * 1985-1996 GM C platform (FWD)

title: General Motors C platform


text:
Talk:Ivan Frederick

Pleaded guilty
I think Wikipedia should have an article for the concept of pleading guilty. Since this often involves some bargain, so the prosecutor won't ask for a higher sentence. A Wikipedia user outside of the US may be mistaken into believing that the convicted person actually partook in a crime, such as a conspiracy, while this might not have been the case. As here there was no criminal conspiracy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GigaGerard (talk • contribs) 19:09, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

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Keep image?

 * I've removed the lead photo for the time being. from MOS:IMAGELEAD - Lead images should be natural and appropriate representations of the topic; they should not only illustrate the topic specifically, but also be the type of image used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic.  w umbolo   ^^^  16:28, 27 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ivan Frederick


text:
User:Miranche

commons en hr meta mw sh

Fascist bias on Croatian Wikipedia
My meta user page.

Ongoing discussions:
 * hr:Wikipedija:Kafić
 * User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive 143
 * Requests for comment/Fascism on Croatian Wikipedia
 * Talk:Croatian Wikipedia
 * User talk:Timbouctou

MediaWiki Extensions
Several years ago I've started work on a MediaWiki Extensions. Please visit my user page at MediaWiki for the details.

Misc
A section for the Homo sapiens page: User:Miranche/Science and mathematics

Source for Adriana: Jutarnji.hr

See Category:Barnstar award templates

Graffiti from not-so-random users
Whoever knows more about me can add a word or two...

Please contribute!
I will edit :) Brilliant, formerly most inteligent Yugoslavian, now a member of Wiki team - team for mathematical analysis of Wikipedia :P

hello dear! me started work on wiki;) bits and pieces for now but I'm gaining momentum... and a word or two 'bout you: mathematician doing social science is always a bit fishy but you're OK;)) seriously now - miranche is a great guy... --Boszko2 11:28, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

hr:User:Miranche sh:User:Miranche

title: User:Miranche


text:
Janes

Janes is an English patronymic family name. Its root is believed to be from the possessive of the given name Jan (see Jayne), John or Ian. In England, the name appears to have its densest roots in Bedfordshire and Gloucestershire as well as a few in the East End of London though migration has spread it across the country and the English-speaking world. There are two coats of arms associated with Janeses, one Gloucester-based and the other Kent-based. Janes is an uncommon given name.

Equivalents exist in other languages, most often in pronunciation rather than spelling:
 * Eanes
 * Ianes
 * Iōannēs (Greek)
 * Janeš (Czech)

Notable people with the surname Janes

 * Alfred Janes (1911–1999), Welsh artist
 * Clara Janés (born 1940), Spanish poet, writer and translator
 * Christine Janes (née Truman, born 1941), English tennis player
 * Dominic Janes (born 1994), American actor
 * Gordon Janes (1918–1985) accountant, business manager and politician in Newfoundland
 * Henry Fisk Janes (1792–1879), American politician
 * Jimmy Janes (1947–2020), American comics artist and storyboard artist
 * J. Robert Janes (born 1935), Canadian author
 * Lorenzo Janes (1801–1873), American lawyer, judge, businessman, and territorial legislator
 * Martha Waldron Janes (1832–?), American minister, suffragist, columnist
 * Paul Janes (1912–1987), German footballer
 * Phil Janes (born 1958), science fiction comedy writer
 * Richard Janes (born 1978), English actor, film and theatre director
 * Rodney B. Janes (1892–1973), New York state senator

title: Janes


text:
General Motors E platform

The General Motors E platform or E-body was the automobile platform designation used for a number of personal luxury cars produced from 1963 to 2002. Notably, early E-bodies were produced in both front wheel drive and rear wheel drive configurations, and were the first front wheel drive automobiles produced in the United States since 1937. The initial front-wheel drive E-platform power plant was referred to as the Unitized Power Package (UPP).

E-bodies were re-engineered to a smaller size in 1979, gaining a relationship to the FWD K-platform used in the Cadillac Seville. Later, the cars were made smaller still with the 1986 redesign, along with the K-body. Most 1986–1993 E-bodies were produced at GM's high-tech Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant, with the Buick Reatta being built at the Lansing Craft Centre—then known as the Reatta Craft Centre. GM used the E-body designation until the Cadillac Eldorado ceased production in 2002.

The E-body was used as the basis for the V-body Cadillac Allanté luxury coupes. It also provided the front end of the GMC Motorhome and the Jetway 707 limousine.

This body shell designation was used for the following vehicles:

 * 1963–1976 Buick Riviera (RWD)
 * 1979–1985 Buick Riviera (FWD, longitudinal engine)
 * 1986–1993 Buick Riviera (FWD, transverse engine)
 * 1988–1991 Buick Reatta (FWD, transverse engine, shortened chassis)
 * 1967–1985 Cadillac Eldorado (FWD, longitudinal engine)
 * 1986–2002 Cadillac Eldorado (FWD, transverse engine)
 * 1966–1985 Oldsmobile Toronado (FWD, longitudinal engine)
 * 1986–1992 Oldsmobile Toronado (FWD, transverse engine)

title: General Motors E platform


text:
Turf (disambiguation)

Turf may refer to:

General

 * Grass, either natural or artificial, including:
 * Sod, the surface layer of ground consisting of a mat of grass and grass roots, sometimes used as a construction material
 * Lawn, an area of grass maintained for decorative or recreational use
 * Peat, used for fuel

Sports

 * Sports turf, grass surface for race tracks and athletic fields
 * Golf course turf and other manicured sporting greens
 * Horse racing, a colloquialism, but also a race held on a track surfaced with sports turf
 * Turf Club (disambiguation), various racing institutions

Places

 * Turf Hotel, a public house at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham, Wales
 * Turf Moor, a football stadium in Burnley, Lancashire, England
 * Turf Paradise Race Course, in Phoenix, Arizona, US
 * Turf Tavern, a public house in Oxford, England

Other uses

 * Turf (video game), a location based real-time game for smartphones
 * TURF analysis (total unduplicated reach and frequency), a statistical method
 * Turf (Image Comics), a comic book from Image Comics written by Jonathan Ross, with art by Tommy Lee Edwards
 * Turf (cigarette), a 1950s East German brand
 * "Turf", a storyline in Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight

title: Turf (disambiguation)


text:
Trevor Manuel

Trevor Andrew Manuel (born 31 January 1956) is a retired South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist who served in the cabinet of South Africa between 1994 and 2014. He was the Minister of Finance from 1996 to 2009 under three successive presidents. He was also the first post-apartheid Minister of Trade and Industry from 1994 to 1996 and later the Minister in the Presidency for the National Planning Commission from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 2012.

Born and raised in Cape Town, Manuel trained as a construction technician but was a full-time political activist from 1981, initially as the general secretary of the Cape Areas Housing Action Committee. Between 1983 and 1990, he was the regional secretary of the United Democratic Front and a member of the front's national executive. During the negotiations to end apartheid, he worked at Shell House as the head of the ANC's internal department of economic planning from 1991 to 1994.

Elected to the National Assembly in the first post-apartheid elections of April 1994, Manuel was also appointed as the Minister of Trade and Industry in Nelson Mandela's Government of National Unity. During his two years in that portfolio, he championed South Africa's post-apartheid economic liberalisation. He became Mandela's Minister of Finance in a cabinet reshuffle in April 1996 and remained in that office for the next 13 years, serving throughout the terms of Presidents Thabo Mbeki and Kgalema Motlanthe. He presided over sustained economic growth in South Africa, which admirers credited partly to the market-friendly Growth, Employment and Redistribution policy of the National Treasury. Though his critics in the Tripartite Alliance derided him as neoliberal, others described him as a pragmatist.

After the April 2009 general election, Manuel was retained in President Jacob Zuma's cabinet as Minister in the Presidency for the National Planning Commission. He oversaw the establishment of the commission, becoming its inaugural chairperson, and presided over the drafting of the National Development Plan 2030, which was adopted in 2012. He announced his retirement from politics ahead of the May 2014 general election. Since 2017, he has been the chairperson of Old Mutual Emerging Markets.

Early life and education
Born on 31 January 1956, Manuel grew up in Kensington, a suburb of Cape Town. His parents were Philma van Söhnen, a garment worker, and Abraham James Manuel, who worked for the Cape Town City Council until he died when Manuel was 13. According to Manuel's "family legend", his great-grandparents were a Portuguese immigrant and a Khoekhoe woman; Manuel was classified as Coloured under apartheid.

He attended Windermere Primary School in Kensington and then Harold Cressy High School in District Six. He later said that "politics came to me" when his primary school class was halved by the implementation of the Bantu Education Act, and he was active in local civic organisations as a teenager. He also briefly joined the youth wing of the Labour Party in 1969, at the encouragement of his father, but dropped out due to "peer pressure at school" and due to his own disagreement with the party's decision to participate in the Coloured Representative Council. After matriculating, he completed a tertiary diploma in civil and structural engineering at the Peninsula Technikon.

Anti-apartheid activism
From 1974 to 1981, Manuel worked as a construction technician while maintaining his involvement in civic and anti-apartheid activism. He was initially attracted by the politics of the Black Consciousness Movement, but in 1979 he travelled to Botswana to join the exiled African National Congress (ANC), in his words hoping to become "a revolutionary with a big beard and a big gun". The ANC turned him back to Cape Town, where in 1981 he became a full-time activist as the founding general secretary of the influential Cape Areas Housing Action Committee.

United Democratic Front
In 1983, Manuel was a founding member of the Western Cape branch of the United Democratic Front (UDF), a popular front against apartheid. In the same year, he was elected as the UDF's regional secretary and as a member of its national executive committee; he held both positions until 1990. In 1996, Mark Gevisser described him as having been a "solid workhorse of the UDF"; in Gevisser's description: "He's the one who, in the rough-and-tumble world of Cape Flats politics, once even punched out current Western Cape Nat MEC Peter Marais at a public meeting; the long-haired biker who used to cruise around in tight Lee jeans, studded shoes and leather jacket. He's the one who used to lead the klaberjas sessions in Victor Verster prison... he was a rough-hewn United Democratic Front street-activist."Because of his political activities, Manuel spent a cumulative 35 months in police detention between 1985 and 1990. He was detained for the first time on 22 October 1985, held under the Internal Security Act, and released a month later under a stringent banning order. On the next occasion, he was held at Victor Verster without trial for almost two years, from August 1986 to July 1988, then rearrested from September 1988 to February 1989. Again released on a banning order, he was arrested once again in August 1989, and held for two months, after he contravened the order by speaking at a press conference in Athlone. Also during this period in 1989, Manuel returned briefly to the private sector as a policy manager for the Mobil Foundation in Cape Town.

African National Congress
In February 1990, the apartheid government unbanned the ANC to facilitate negotiations to end apartheid, and Manuel was appointed as the party's deputy coordinator in the Western Cape while legal party structures were established. He was elected as the regional branch's publicity secretary when the first regional party conference was held. However, he was soon promoted: the national ANC held its first conference inside South Africa in Durban in July 1991 and Manuel was elected to the party's top executive organ, the National Executive Committee; by number of votes received, he was ranked 19th of the committee's 50 members, receiving support across 64 per cent of all ballots cast. He was also elected to the ANC National Working Committee.

In the aftermath of the conference, he was recruited full-time to the ANC's headquarters at Shell House, where he was head of the party's nascent department of economic planning. He worked closely with Tito Mboweni, who took responsibility for trade and industrial policy while Manuel focused on fiscal policy. Because of his lack of experience in economics, Manuel's appointment received a dubious reaction from the press, from his friends, and from Manuel himself. Manuel later said that he thought he had been chosen for the department because he was ideologically "agnostic" on questions of policy; in the description of his UDF colleague, Cheryl Carolus, he "had a remarkable ability to listen, to figure out what he needed to achieve, and then to go for it without ideological baggage. He was thorough and conservative, always the voice of reason." In addition, Mark Gevisser considered Manuel a protégé of Thabo Mbeki and noted that Manuel was politically successful in the ANC because he was "one of the few people comfortable in both the ex-UDF nexus around Cyril Ramaphosa – his natural home – and the exile nexus around Mbeki".

He remained the ANC's head of economic planning until the 1994 general election. According to Gevisser, during this period, Manuel "played a critical role in guiding the ANC away from its traditional adherence to centralised planning and towards the market economy it was to espouse".

Minister of Trade and Industry: 1994–1996
In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in April 1994, Manuel stood as a candidate for the ANC and was elected to the National Assembly, the lower house of the new South African Parliament. He was also appointed as Minister of Trade and Industry in the Government of National Unity under President Nelson Mandela. He said that his priorities would include aligning trade policy and industrial strategy; seizing opportunities "to open up our domestic market to international competition", thus reversing the isolation of the apartheid era; and encouraging long-term investments in human and other capital. He also announced in December 1994 that he would seek to strengthen competition policy to reduce barriers to entry and eliminate monopolistic collusion.

According to observers, his greatest achievement "was to take a department whose sole raison d'être [under apartheid] was to stifle competition, and make it the vanguard of a 'liberalised' market economy", among other things by embracing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and reducing tariffs and other protectionist measures. However, his support for liberalisation made him unpopular with trade unions, including the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union and other members of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu), the ANC's Tripartite Alliance partner.

During this period, in December 1994, the ANC's 49th National Conference elected Manuel to his second term as a member of the party's National Executive Committee. By number of votes received, he was ranked 17th of the 60 members elected to the committee.

Minister of Finance: 1996–2009
On 28 March 1996, President Mandela announced that Chris Liebenberg had resigned as the Minister of Finance and would be replaced by Manuel, with Gill Marcus as his deputy. He took office on 4 April. Manuel noted that his appointment was "something different" for the business community: describing himself, he acknowledged, "he's young, he's black, he's uppity, he's given other people shit." Despite this uncertain start, he was retained in the ministry in the first and second cabinets of Mandela's successor, President Thabo Mbeki; according to the New York Times, Mbeki's decision to keep him on was "widely applauded by the business community".

Economic policy
At the time of his appointment to the ministry, Manuel said that he was a Keynesian and did not believe that "fiscal discipline is an end in itself". However, he later acknowledged that, when he took office in 1996, debt reduction was one of the government's major priorities, as debt servicing costs were the largest budget item. According to Manuel, macroeconomic reforms were the necessary solution, because South Africa wanted to avoid becoming a "client state of anybody" and therefore to avoid heavy borrowing from the Bretton Woods institutions. Soon into his tenure, on 14 June 1996, he announced the government's new Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) programme, which was viewed as its critics as a marked rightward shift from the Reconstruction and Development Programme; GEAR targeted the reduction of the budget deficit to three per cent, more rapid tariff reductions, constraints on the public sector wage bill, and other so-called market-friendly measures. South Africa recorded its first-ever budget surplus in the 2006/2007 financial year, and economic growth in South Africa was generally very strong throughout Manuel's tenure. His economic management won the approval of the opposition Democratic Alliance. However, leftist elements of the Tripartite Alliance vilified GEAR – and Manuel – as part of the neoliberal "1996 class project". Even those broadly complimentary of Manuel's tenure as Minister of Finance noted that his ministry had failed to address structural economic problems, particularly poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Responding to this complaint in April 2014, Manuel said: No, I don't think finance ministers can take responsibility for all of those things... You see, one of the misplaced issues regarding economic discourse in this country is that there's this belief that macroeconomics is everything. Economists would use their own arcane language and say macro-economic stability is a necessary but not a sufficient condition. You need a series of structural policies that are not macro. And those are out of the purview of any minister of finance. Long regarded as a pragmatist, Manuel said in 2013 that he still had little technical knowledge of economics, but "I knew that if I set this thing up where people can come with the numbers, and I ask the questions based on life experience and understanding and broad political objectives, then it will work." He was also commended for his prominent international profile; among other positions, he was Ban Ki-Moon's special envoy for development finance and the chairperson of a committee established by the International Monetary Fund to consider organisational and governance reform of the fund.

ANC National Executive Committee
During his tenure as Finance Minister, Manuel remained a popular member of the ANC National Executive Committee. He was re-elected ranked seventh in December 1997 and ranked first in December 2002. At the December 2007 elective congress, the 52nd National Conference in Polokwane, he was one of only a handful of Mbeki's cabinet who was re-elected, in Manuel's case ranked 57th of 80. At the same conference, Mbeki was deposed as ANC president by his deputy, Jacob Zuma, intensifying severe divisions in the party. Richard Calland said that, amid uncertainty about the consequences of the upset, "the anxiety is distilled into one question: Will Zuma keep Trevor Manuel as minister of finance?"

Resignation and re-appointment
On 20 September 2008, Mbeki announced that he would resign as President of South Africa at the request of the ANC. On 23 September, his office announced that Manuel was among the 13 cabinet ministers who had submitted their own resignations in response. The rand declined in value by more than 2.5 per cent, the largest decline in four years. However, markets recovered when, less than an hour later, Manuel's spokesperson announced that he would be willing to continue to serve under Mbeki's successor. The spokesperson said that Manuel had "felt duty-bound" to resign, and he later explained that "I wanted whoever was going to take over to make his or her own decision as to who will be finance minister." Kgalema Motlanthe was elected as president on 25 September and he retained Manuel as Finance Minister in his cabinet.

The aftermath of Mbeki's resignation also saw the formation of an ANC breakaway, the Congress of the People (COPE), by Mbeki's supporters. Over a decade later, former COPE spokesperson and journalist JJ Tabane alleged that Manuel had been "in the background" during COPE's formation; Manuel strongly denied any involvement and threatened to sue Tabane for defamation.

Later controversies
After Manuel departed the Ministry of Finance in 2009, it became a target of political attacks which sometimes implicated Manuel. In August 2015, the Business Day published a document which implicated Manuel in an elaborate conspiracy codenamed Project Spider Web, apparently hatched during the post-apartheid transition with the aim of maintaining the influence of the white establishment over the National Treasury and South African economic policy. The document, of unknown origin but purporting to be a leaked intelligence report, had been circulating in government circles and claimed that other conspirators included Maria Ramos, Manuel's wife and his former director-general in the Treasury, as well as several other senior Treasury officials. The National Treasury said the document was "baseless and vexatious" and "appears calculated to sow seeds of suspicion and may be motivated by an unexplainable desire to undermine and destabilise the institution [the Treasury]". No evidence was ever provided to support the claims and no formal investigation was launched. The business press viewed the report as part of a smear campaign and an attempt to weaken the Treasury to facilitate its capture by business interests.

In October 2016, the Citizen reported, based on access to a leaked document, that Manuel had approved a R100-million modernisation contract that had been awarded at the South African Revenue Service (SARS) without a proper bidding process.

In August 2017, Manuel and his one-time Deputy Finance Minister, Jabu Moleketi, were questioned by the Hawks in their investigation into the activities of the so-called SARS rogue unit, an elite investigative unit that was alleged to have spied on politicians and citizens. Manuel was finance minister at the time that the investigative unit was established by Pravin Gordhan, then the SARS Commissioner and later Manuel's politically embattled successor as finance minister. The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) accused Manuel of complicity in the "rogue unit", though the allegations, strongly denied by Manuel, were considered by media as another part of the attempt to delegitimise the Treasury and facilitate state capture.

Minister in the Presidency: 2009–2014
After the April 2009 general election, Motlanthe was succeeded as president by Jacob Zuma, who appointed Manuel to his cabinet as one of two Ministers in the Presidency. While Collins Chabane would be responsible for performance monitoring, evaluation, and administration, Manuel would be responsible for long-term strategic planning through the new National Planning Commission, the establishment of which was also announced during Zuma's cabinet announcement.

Manuel's appointment to the new portfolio was generally welcomed. However, early in his tenure, opposition parties criticised him for using R1.2 million in public money to purchase a luxury BMW as a ministerial vehicle. Manuel later conceded that the purchase was "an error of judgement".

National Development Plan
Manuel's ministry published a green paper on national strategic planning in September 2009. Cosatu called for it to be withdrawn, with Zwelinzima Vavi warning that Manuel would become a de facto "imperial" prime minister and would marginalise other ministries and the Tripartite Alliance. In particular, Cosatu was concerned that Manuel's wide-ranging portfolio trenched on the authority of the Minister of Economic Development, former trade unionist Ebrahim Patel, who it held should be responsible for long-term economic planning.

Nonetheless, when President Zuma announced the composition of the inaugural 24-member National Planning Commission on 30 April 2010, Manuel was appointed as chairperson, with businessman Cyril Ramaphosa as his deputy. The commission published a draft National Development Plan for public consultation in November 2011, and the final plan was adopted by Parliament in August 2012 and by cabinet the following month. In the remaining eighteen months of the legislative term, Manuel oversaw the government's preparations to implement the plan. During this period, he was also a member of the Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations, chaired by Pascal Lamy.

Spat with Jimmy Manyi
On 2 March 2011, Manuel published an open letter to Jimmy Manyi, the head of the Government Communication and Information System, accusing Manyi of being "a racist in the mould of H. F. Verwoerd". The letter was a response to Manyi's suggestion that, in order to avoid being negatively affected by proposed changes to employment equity laws, Coloured people should "spread" through the provinces of South Africa to address "this over-concentration of coloureds in the Western Cape". Manuel's letter to Manyi received international media attention for its ferocity,  and other ANC leaders supported Manuel, with Kader Asmal urging that, "Minister Manuel deserves the support and praise of all right-thinking South Africans. The choice facing us is very clear: do we stand behind the humane and generous values of Minister Manuel, or do we, by staying silent, lend our support to the mischievous and dangerous notions of Mr Manyi."

However, the ANC Youth League professed itself "disturbed" by Manuel's letter, saying, "We now do not know who Trevor Manuel represents, because his remarks falls squarely into the political agenda of right-wing political forces opposed to the ANC". Manuel's letter also drew a sharp response from Paul Ngobeni, who, writing in the Sunday Independent, called for Manuel to be fired. Ngobeni accused Manuel of being "a gangster of the worst kind", of acting as though he was "the king of Coloured people", and of seeking to undermine President Zuma and his cabinet through his "cowardly, unwarranted and racist attacks on Manyi".

Retirement
Manuel concluded his 21-year tenure on the ANC National Executive Committee in December 2012, when he declined a nomination to stand for re-election at the ANC's upcoming 53rd National Conference. His announcement immediately sparked speculation that he intended to retreat from public life.

In March 2014, when Parliament closed for recess ahead of that year's general election, Manuel announced his retirement from politics. He told the house that, "At some point serving leadership must give way so that new blood, fired up with life-changing ideas, can take society to a higher level of development". His decision was linked to his reduced political influence under the Zuma administration, and the Mail & Guardian concluded that he had retired "partly because he realised that, in Zuma, he did not have the kind of political backing required to implement the National Development Plan".

Later career
After leaving Parliament, Manuel took up various pursuits in business. On 1 October 2014, he was appointed as senior adviser to the global Rothschild Group and as deputy chairman of its South African subsidiary; in March 2017, he succeeded Bruce Hemphill as chairman of Old Mutual Emerging Markets. He also held non-executive directorships elsewhere.

Meanwhile, Manuel retained his public profile, including as a critic of President Zuma. In April 2016, in an interview with Soweto TV, he said that it would be "in all of our interests that the president actually steps aside", and he was critical of Zuma's administration during his testimony to the Zondo Commission in February 2019. Speaking on Radio 702 in May 2022, Manuel said that he had allowed his ANC membership to lapse, reflecting that in retrospect "the magic, the stance of moral leadership that had shaped the ANC throughout my youth was gone" after the party's Polokwane conference.

However, Manuel returned to public service in advisory capacities after Zuma was succeeded as president by Cyril Ramaphosa, Manuel's former deputy at the National Planning Commission. In February 2019, Finance Minister Tito Mboweni appointed Manuel to chair the panel tasked with appointing a new SARS commissioner. The EFF alleged in a statement that Manuel presided over a "nepotistic" and "corrupt" process, remarks later found to be defamatory by the Pretoria High Court. In April 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Manuel as one of his four investment envoys, and, two years later, now in his capacity as Chairperson of the African Union, Ramaphosa appointed Manuel as one of four special envoys tasked with securing international aid for Africa's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the latter occasion, the EFF called for the African continent to reject Manuel's appointment, calling him a "puppet" of "white monopoly capital".

Personal life
In 1985, Manuel married Lynne Matthews, with whom he had three sons. They separated in 2001, beginning divorce proceedings that were finalised in 2007. At the time, Manuel was rumoured to have had an extramarital affair with Maria Ramos, the director-general in his ministry. He married Ramos on 27 December 2008 in Franschhoek.

Selected honours
The World Economic Forum selected Manuel as a Global Leader for Tomorrow in 1994, and he was Euromoney 's African Finance Minister of the Year in 1997. In May 2008, he was appointed as the inaugural chancellor of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, which had recently absorbed his own alma mater, the Peninsula Technikon. He served two terms as chancellor, a largely ceremonial position, before he was succeeded by Thandi Modise in 2017.

title: Trevor Manuel


text:
File:Barenaked Ladies - Maybe You Should Drive.jpg

Cover for the album "Maybe You Should Drive" by Barenaked Ladies


text:
Alexander Dennis

Alexander Dennis is a British bus manufacturing company based in Larbert, Scotland. The largest bus and coach manufacturer in the United Kingdom with a 50% market share in 2019, it has manufacturing plants and partnerships in Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa and the United States.

TransBus - the precursor of Alexander Dennis
Mayflower Corporation acquired Scottish bus-makers, Walter Alexander, in August 1995 and English bus-makers, Dennis Group, in October 1998. In 2000, Mayflower and Henlys Group merged their British bus-making operations into a 70:30 joint venture with Alexander, Dennis and Henlys' Plaxton merged to form TransBus International. The factories concerned employed 3,300 staff in seven places in England (Anston, Guildford, Scarborough and Wigan), Scotland (Falkirk) and Northern Ireland (Belfast).

Plaxton's Scarborough operations was planned to close on 3 May 2001 with the loss of 700 jobs blamed on the fall in tourism after the foot and mouth epidemic broke out. Minibus production was moved to the former Walter Alexander factory at Falkirk. However, the Scarborough factory did not close altogether, for 200 staff returned to work after the summer break.

Mayflower was valued at £700 million in 1999. By March 2004, that stock market valuation had fallen to £22 million. The following month Mayflower was placed in administration, amid accusations of four years of falsifying crucial company records as to customers' payments to HSBC, counting the same income twice. One outcome was that certain members of the Dennis pension fund would receive only 40 per cent of their pensions, though others would continue to receive their full entitlement. TransBus was also placed in administration.

TransBus Plaxton was sold to in a management buyout to Brian Davidson and Mike Keane with the support of a private equity group.

Formation of Alexander Dennis

A group of Scottish investors, Noble Grossart, David Murray, Brian Souter and Ann Gloag, purchased the business from administrator Deloitte in May 2004.

The former Alexander Belfast plant was not included in the deal and closed. Alexander Dennis ultimately inherited a number of plants from TransBus: the former Alexander factories in Falkirk, Scotland; the Dennis factory in Guildford and later the former Plaxton factories in Anston and Scarborough. The former Northern Counties factory in Wigan closed in January 2005.

Dennis Group had produced a range of both bus and coach chassis and bodies as well as fire engines. Included among its range of chassis were the Dennis Dart and Dennis Trident. They also produced export variants for service in Hong Kong, Singapore and other locations. Plaxton made coaches, as well as the President double decker body (built on Trident, DAF DB250 and Volvo B7TL chassis) and the single decker Pointer body, built on the Dart chassis.

In May 2007, Alexander Dennis purchased Plaxton, thus reuniting the two former TransBus businesses.

In October 2008, Alexander Dennis signed a deal with ElDorado National to assemble the Enviro500 for the United States market. In 2011, Alexander Dennis entered an agreement with Kiwi Bus Builders to assemble its products for the New Zealand market.

In May 2012, NFI Group and Alexander Dennis announced a new joint-venture to design and manufacture medium-duty low-floor bus (or midi bus) for the North American market. New Flyer would handle production and marketing, and Alexander Dennis would handle the engineering and testing. The joint venture was dissolved in 2017. In June 2012, Alexander Dennis acquired Australian bodybuilder Custom Coaches. However, in May 2014, Custom Coaches was placed into administration and later sold to a consortium headed by its former owner.

In 2015 Alexander Dennis established an assembly plant in Vaughan, Ontario for orders to Metrolinx. In October 2015, Alexander Dennis signed a deal with BYD to body electric buses. From 2021, Alexander Dennis will build its own electric chassis.

NFI Group era
In May 2019, Alexander Dennis was sold to NFI Group, in a deal worth £320 million. Souter Investments retain an interest, taking shares in NFI Group as part of the transaction. The two companies had been engaged in a joint venture from 2012 until 2017.

In August 2020, Alexander Dennis announced plans to cut 650 jobs from its UK manufacturing sites including Falkirk, Scarborough and Guildford, citing a demand drop due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Bus chassis production moved from Guildford to Falkirk.

June 2021 saw Alexander Dennis open a base in Ballymena, Northern Ireland, which was described by local media as "boosting economic growth".

In July 2021, Alexander Dennis announced plans for construction of a new staff office complex and museum in Farnborough, Hampshire named Trident House. The centre was expected to be completed in early 2022. Alexander Dennis also entered a business partnership with Australian electric bus supplier Nexport to assemble electric city buses locally, with Australian manufacturing expected to begin in early 2022.

In April 2022, Alexander Dennis commenced trials of an autonomous Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC working with Stagecoach Group, as part of a two-week pilot. Two months later in June, the company formally opened its Trident House complex, while at the same time, launched a refresh of its brand identity.

After building a batch of Enviro400FCEV buses in a pilot scheme at the site in 2022, Alexander Dennis announced it would expand its Larbert headquarters by converting on-site warehouse space to bus manufacturing facilities. Production of the second-generation Alexander Dennis Enviro400EV is planned to begin at Larbert from August 2023, taking the company's manufacturing footprint in the United Kingdom to three sites.

Current
Complete buses Bus Bodies
 * Enviro200MMC (2015–present)
 * Enviro400MMC (2014–present)
 * Enviro500MMC (2012–present)
 * Enviro400 City (2015–present)

Future

 * Enviro 100EV
 * Enviro 400EV
 * Enviro 500EV

Discontinued
Bus bodies Complete buses (or chassis/body only) Bus chassis Coach chassis
 * Pointer (2001–2007, originally made by Plaxton, replaced by Enviro200 Dart)
 * ALX300 (2001-2007, originally Alexander, replaced by Enviro300)
 * ALX400 (2001-2006, originally Alexander, replaced by Enviro400)
 * President (2001-2005, originally Plaxton, replaced by Enviro400)
 * Enviro200/200H (TransBus, 2003–2007)
 * Enviro200 Dart (2006–2017, Enviro200H hybrid 2008–2011)
 * Enviro300 (2001–2015)
 * Enviro350H (2010-2013)
 * Enviro400 (2005–2018)
 * Enviro500 (2002–2014)
 * Dart SLF
 * Trident 2
 * Javelin
 * R-Series

Fire engine (Chassis and crew cab)
Fire engine vehicles were built by Dennis Group and sold under the Dennis Fire brand until 2007. The bodywork on a majority of the later chassis were built by a neighbouring company, John Dennis Coachbuilders Limited.

Discontinued

 * Sabre
 * Rapier
 * Dagger
 * RS/SS
 * DS
 * DFS

title: Alexander Dennis


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The Megalithic European

The Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe (2004) is Julian Cope's second book on historic sites, this time looking at continental Europe and Ireland. Like its predecessor—The Modern Antiquarian—the book is split into a shorter, discursive introduction with the bulk of the text being a gazetteer of sites. As with The Modern Antiquarian, sites are listed alphabetically within their sections.

title: The Megalithic European