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User talk:Kris45

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 13:37, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Kris45


text: User talk:203.24.100.137

title: User talk:203.24.100.137


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User:Therem~enwiki

English speaking user residing in Seattle, Washington. --Therem 13:44, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Therem~enwiki


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Epigyne

The epigyne or epigynum is the external genital structure of female spiders. As the epigyne varies greatly in form in different species, even in closely related ones, it often provides the most distinctive characteristic for recognizing species. It consists of a small, hardened portion of the exoskeleton located on the underside of the abdomen, in front of the epigastric furrow and between the epigastric plates.

Functions
The primary function of the epigyne is to receive and direct the palpal organ of the male during copulation. The various specific forms of epigynes are correlated, in each case, with corresponding specific differences in the palpus of the male. This specialization prevents individuals of different species from mating. The epigyne covers or accompanies the openings of the spermathecae, which are pouches for receiving and retaining sperm. Frequently, the openings of the spermathecae are on the outer face of the epigyne and can be easily seen.

A secondary function of the epigyne is as an ovipositor.

Differences in form
An example of a comparatively simple epigyne is that of Pirata montanus. It consists of a nearly plain plate, with the openings of the spermathacae near the posterior lateral corners. A somewhat more complicated form is illustrated by the epigyne of Trabeops aurantiacus. In this species, the plate is depressed or furrowed longitudinally, and the depressed area is divided by a ridge-like elevation, which divides the depression into two furrows or channels, each of which leads to the opening of the spermatheca of the corresponding side. This ridge-like elevation is called the guide, as its function "seems clearly to be that of a guide to the male embolus, controlling the course of the latter and facilitating its entrance to the spermatheca." In many cases the guide extends laterally on each side at its posterior end. This is true to a slight extent in the epigyne of Trabeops, but more markedly so in that of many species of Geolycosa, where the lateral expansions often conceal the openings of the spermathecae, as in the epigyne of Geolycosa pikei.

A more complicated form of epigyne is found in spiders of the genus Araneus, where there is developed an appendage which is usually soft and flexible, and which is termed the scape or ovipositor. When there is a well-developed scape, the tip of it is usually more or less spoon-shaped. This part of the scape is termed the cochlear. The basal plate of the epigyne which bears the scape, and which forms a porch or hood that covers the opening of the oviduct is called the atriolum.

A still more complicated form of epigyne is found in some of the sheet weavers (Linyphiidae) and orb weavers (Araneidae), where the ovipositor consists of two finger-like projections: first, the more common one, the scape, which arises from the atriolum, and consequently in front of the opening of the oviduct; and second, one which arises behind the opening of the oviduct; this is termed the parmula. Each of these projections may be grooved on the side facing the oviduct, forming a tube.

title: Epigyne


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GSC bus

GSC is a bus used in many of the HP 9000 workstations and servers. The acronym has various explanations, including Gecko System Connect (Gecko being the codename of the 712 workstation), Gonzo System Connect and General System Connect.

GSC was a general 32-bit I/O bus, similar to NuBus or Sun's SBus, although it was also used as a processor bus with the PA-7100LC and PA-7300LC processors. Several variations were produced over time, the later ones running at 40 MHz:

 * GSC-1X: The original GSC bus implemented on PA-7100LC and used in the Gecko (712), Mirage (715) and Electra computers. Peak Bandwidth 142 MB/s w/DMA, 106 MB/s with PIO writes.

 * GSC+, a.k.a. "Extended GSC" or "EGSC": Enhancements added for KittyHawk/SkyHawk (U2 chip) that allow for pending transactions. GSC+ enhancements are orthogonal to the GSC-1.5X and GSC-2X enhancements.

 * GSC-1.5X: GSC-1X with an additional variable length write transaction.

 * GSC-2X: GSC-1.5X with a protocol enhancement to allow data to be sent at double the GCLK rate, with a peak bandwidth of 256 MB/s.

 * HSC: High Speed Connect.

Four types of GSC cards were produced: the GIO cards fit into the larger of the two IO card sockets in the 712 workstation. Several were produced, including a second RS-232 serial port, a serial/10BaseT combo, a second graphics card and a Token Ring card.

The 715/Mirage, 725, 735, 755, B-, C-, and J-class workstations, and the D- and R-class servers, used the so-called "EISA form factor". Many different types of card were produced, including Gigabit Ethernet, single and dual 100 Mbit Ethernet, Ultra-2 SCSI, ATM and graphics.

The K- and T-class servers both used the "3x5" form factor, although the different brackets prevent the cards being interchangeable. Fibre channel and Gigabit Ethernet cards both exist.

title: GSC bus


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Burgundian War

Burgundian War may refer to:

 * Burgundian Wars (1474-77)
 * Cologne Diocesan Feud (1473-80)
 * Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War (1407-35)

title: Burgundian War


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Brian Howard (poet)

Brian Christian de Claiborne Howard (13 March 1905 – 15 January 1958) was an English poet and later a writer for the New Statesman.

Biography
Howard was born to American parents in Hascombe, Surrey, of Protestant descent. He was a descendant of Benjamin Franklin, and brought up in London; his father, Francis Gassaway Howard, was the son of the writer Frank Gassaway, and was an associate of James Whistler.

He was educated at Eton College, where he was one of the Eton Arts Society group including Robert Byron, Harold Acton, Oliver Messel, Anthony Powell and Henry Yorke. He entered Christ Church, Oxford in 1923. He was prominent in the group later known as the Oxford Wits. He was part of the Hypocrites' Club that included Harold Acton, Lord David Cecil, L. P. Hartley and Evelyn Waugh.

At Oxford, Howard was part of the Railway Club, which included: Henry Yorke, Roy Harrod, Henry Thynne, 6th Marquess of Bath, David Plunket Greene, Harry Fox-Strangways, 7th Earl of Ilchester, Michael Parsons, 6th Earl of Rosse, John Sutro, Hugh Lygon, Harold Acton, Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne, Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross, Mark Ogilvie-Grant, and John Drury-Lowe.

It has been suggested that Howard was Waugh's model for Anthony Blanche in Brideshead Revisited. But Waugh wrote, to Lord Baldwin, "There is an aesthetic bugger who sometimes turns up in my novels under various names—that was 2/3 Brian [Howard] and 1/3 Harold Acton. People think it was all Harold, who is a much sweeter and saner man [than Howard]."

At this time he had already been published as a poet, in A. R. Orage's The New Age, and the final Sitwell Wheels anthology. He used the pseudonyms "Jasper Proude" and "Charles Orange." His verse also was in Oxford Poetry 1924. His poetry was admired and promoted by Edith Sitwell in the late 1920s.

In the late 1920s, he was a key figure among London's "Bright Young Things"—a privileged, fashionable and bohemian set of relentless party-goers, satirised in such novels as Evelyn Waugh's 1930 Vile Bodies where the character of Miles Malpractice owes something to Howard. Apart from Waugh, Howard knew this circle, including Nancy Mitford, Henry Yorke, Harold Acton, and especially Allanah Harper and Nancy Cunard. He maintained contact with both throughout his life.

In 1929, he was famously involved in the "Bruno Hat" hoax when the fashionable Hon Mr. & Mrs. Bryan Guinness promoted a spoof London art exhibition by an apparently unknown German painter Bruno Hat (impersonated by the German-speaking Tom Mitford, brother of Nancy and Diana Mitford—the latter at the time Mrs. Guinness, a socialite, arts' patron and friend of Howard, Lytton Strachey, Evelyn Waugh, Boris Anrep, Dora Carrington, John Betjeman and other artistic and literary figures—before her second marriage to British fascist leader Sir Oswald Mosley). Bruno Hat's paintings were the work of Brian Howard.

Howard is credited with coining the phrase, "Anybody over the age of 30 seen in a bus has been a failure in life", often wrongly attributed to Margaret Thatcher. According to Daily Telegraph correspondent and historian, Hugo Vickers, (writing in November 2006), the author was Brian Howard. The phrase came into wider use when used by Loelia, Duchess of Westminster, in her memoir Grace and Favour (1961).

Subsequently, he led a very active social life, tried to come to terms with his homosexuality, and published only one substantial poetry collection God Save the King (1930, Hours Press). He was active as a poet during the Spanish Civil War, but did not ultimately invest in his work with seriousness. He drank heavily and used drugs.

He had a long affair with Sandy Baird, whom he knew from Eton. Baird was killed in action in 1943 at 33-years-old.

During World War II, Howard took part in the Dunkirk evacuation and later worked for MI5 but was dismissed from the War Office in June 1942, after which he was conscripted to the Royal Air Force and given a low-level clerk's job at Bomber Command, High Wycombe. Transferred to another posting, where he referred to his commanding officer as "Colonel Cutie" (an appellation Evelyn Waugh gave his rebellious rogue Basil Seal in the novel Put Out More Flags), Howard was dismissed in December 1944, by which time he had formed a longstanding open relationship with Sam Langford, an Irishman serving in the Air Sea Rescue.

After the war, Howard drifted around Europe with Sam, continuing to write occasional articles and reviews for the New Statesman, the BBC and others, fitfully working on an uncompleted biography of the gay English writer Norman Douglas (author of the novel South Wind) and doing no substantial work. Because of drinking, drug use, and sexual indiscretions, they were expelled in turn from Monaco, France, Italy and Spain, the French authorities noting their "moralité douteuse" (dubious morality).

He suffered from bad health in the 1950s, and committed suicide by taking an overdose of sedatives after the death of his lover, Sam Langford (1926–1958), who died suddenly but naturally in Howard's bath. They were buried alongside each other at Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice.

Evelyn Waugh wrote: "I used to know Brian Howard well—a dazzling young man to my innocent eyes. In later life he became very dangerous—constantly attacking people with his fists in public places—so I kept clear of him. He was consumptive but the immediate cause of his death was a broken heart."

Marie-Jaqueline Lancaster wrote a biography of Howard. His long time friend Allanah Harper contributed useful anecdotes, but she objected to his being called a "failure" and to the emphasis on his homosexuality.

title: Brian Howard (poet)


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Epigynum (plant)

Epigynum is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It has 5 known species.

Species

 * Epigynum auritum
 * Epigynum cochinchinensis
 * Epigynum graciliflorum
 * Epigynum griffithianum
 * Epigynum ridleyi

title: Epigynum (plant)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/00ber (Pokémon)

00ber (Pokémon) was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. At least 9 votes to delete. 2 votes by users not signed in were disregarded, and policy comments by other were unclear on specificity to this deletion discussion. Unanimous results unchanged either way. Postdlf 02:53, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

00ber (Pokémon)
Nothing about this term really pertains to Pokémon. Googling turns up several thousand hits, but most of them are Wikipedia and mirrors, and the others have nothing to do with Pokémon. In conclusion, this is an inaccurately portrayed non-notable term, better suited for UrbanDictionary or somesuch. Delete. Andre ( talk )A| 13:51, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - concur. The idea strikes of POV, as well. Ian Pugh 18:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * As I asked on the Talk page several days ago, why is this disambiguated at all? Delete.  RickK 21:02, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, eleminating "wikipedia" and a peice of text from the article still gives 960 pokémon hits out of 2290 hits total, so it is often a pokémon-specific term, but I don't think the word is notable enough in any context to have an entry. Delete. Cool Hand Luke (Communicate!)  08:31, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Can't we pleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeze delete everything Pokémon-related? *sigh* Bearcat 06:21, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I second that 132.205.15.4 07:07, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I third, fourth and fifth that. Aecis 16:26, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * While I'm annoyed when people ask to delete everything Pokemon related, I dont care if this page gets deleted or not. No vote. WhisperToMe 04:20, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No, we really can't. Like it or not, Pokemon was a huge pop culture phenominon (and still is with young kids) deleting all pokemon related articles would be POV. Oh and by the way. Delete--66.30.53.137 23:43, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I grok that. I'm not arguing that Pokémon itself should be deleted. I just don't think we need a separate entry for every individual pokémon and every last little piece of pokémon-related trivia. Bearcat 21:32, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Amen, amen. All fandoms with massive amounts of minor information/characters should be merged into single articles such as List of Pokemon 000-050 Star Trek characters (minor) Star Wars ships (and so on, excepting major things such as Pikachu or Kirk or the Millenium Falcon) But I suppose that's a discussion for another time. PMC 23:45, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. --Improv 15:58, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete, This is entirely non-specific to any one show/game. Even the best of gamers will call soemthing uber at some point (:  — siro  χ  o  22:32, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Siroxo - I've heard people call certain celebrities uber. Non-specific to the nth degree. Delete. PMC 01:22, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * D Being a p00r st00dent, I'd agree it's t00 00ber-00ver-00sed in n00merous c00ntexts. Chris 02:23, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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The 69 Eyes

The 69 Eyes is a Finnish rock band. It was founded in 1989 in Helsinki by vocalist Jyrki 69 (who also writes the band's lyrics), guitarists Bazie, Timo-Timo and bassist Archzie, joined in 1992 by drummer Jussi 69; the lineup never changed since then. The 69 Eyes music blends gothic rock with glam metal and rock 'n roll in a style that was dubbed "goth 'n roll".

The 69 Eyes is currently signed to EMI Finland. The band's albums are now distributed worldwide; The End Records acts as the band's official North American distributor, as Nuclear Blast Records provides distribution in Europe. Australia will be handled by AmpHead Music. All Asian and Latin American releases are handled by EMI affiliates.

History
Formed in the bars of Helsinki in the summer of 1989 by Jyrki 69, Archzie (formerly of Syyskuu), Timo-Timo, Lotto and Bazie, The 69 Eyes originally had a glam metal style and were compared to other Finnish glam metal acts such as Smack and Hanoi Rocks. The band's lineup has stayed the same since 1992 when drummer Jussi 69 replaced original drummer Lotto who had played on the band's first two 7-inch vinyl singles.

The band released their first 7-inch EP, Sugarman, in 1990, followed by another 7-inch, Barbarella, in 1991. These are the only two releases that do not feature Jussi. These releases paved the way for the band's first album, Bump 'n' Grind, released in 1992, which contained some re-recorded versions of songs from the first two EPs. This same year, the band released their final two 7-inch EPs, Juicy Lucy and High Times Low Lives.

The band's second CD, Motor City Resurrection, was released in 1994 via Japanese label 1+2 Records. It has since been re-released with eight bonus tracks worldwide. Though a compilation and not a full-length release (much like Hanoi Rocks' Self Destruction Blues), it collected the majority of the band's early material and contributions to other compilations. It was followed in 1995 by Savage Garden which featured Hanoi Rocks guitarist Andy McCoy on the track "Wild Talk". Also released during this time were two VHS tapes Motor City Resurrection and Savage Tales, available only through the band's self-run fan club (the aptly titled "Get Down to 69").

1997 saw the release of Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams, which fans generally mark as the last 69 Eyes "glam-era" album. The title track of this album was re-recorded for the Angels album 10 years later. The goth rock-infused Wasting the Dawn was released in 1999 and was considered a milestone success for the band. It was released internationally on Roadrunner Records and marked the band's major label debut. The album's hit single, the title track "Wasting the Dawn", lyrically paid tribute to The Doors' Jim Morrison and was released as a digipak CD single. Jyrki 69 developed a concept video for this track which featured longtime friend and collaborator Ville Valo posing at a snowy cemetery as the ghost of Jim Morrison. This video was released on DVD in Finland with a bonus behind-the-scenes feature and marked the band's first music DVD released in the country. Both the video and feature were later added as extras on 2003's Helsinki Vampires DVD.

In early 2000, the band began working with producer Johnny Lee Michaels in Helsinki who would helm the band's next four albums and contribute to the fifth. Spring brought the single "Gothic Girl" which spent months on the Singles Top 10 and on Finnish nation radio playlists. It became the band's first gold record. This single was a precursor to the sixth album, released in September 2000, Blessed Be, which rose to number 4 on the Finnish Album Charts and stayed in the top 10 for over a month. The album spawned four singles, the aforementioned "Gothic Girl", "Brandon Lee", "The Chair" and "Stolen Season". Videos were filmed for the first three singles. After the release of Blessed Be, the band did their first short tour in Germany which included a show at the M'era Luna Festival. Support for the tour was Norwegian rock band Zeromancer.

In 2002, the band released Paris Kills, which would be known as their breakthrough album. It stayed for weeks as number 1 in Finland and went gold in a month of its release. It has since gone platinum. In Germany, it rose to number 35 in the first week. After touring Europe and Finland for months, a sold-out show at Helsinki's famous Tavastia Club was filmed and documented in November 2002 for use in the Helsinki Vampires DVD.

At the end of 2003, The 69 Eyes signed to EMI Finland as they geared up to record Devils. The "Lost Boys" single was released in Finland at this time, paying homage to the film of the same name as anticipation for the full-length album grew. 2004 saw the release of Devils, their eighth album, to which they toured the UK in support of Wednesday 13. Once again the album was a success in their native Finland. It became the band's fourth album to reach gold status and the second to reach number one position on the Finnish Top 40 album charts. It was released in Finland in October 2004 and in October 2005 in the U.S. through 456 Entertainment.

In 2005, The 69 Eyes played nearly a hundred shows around the world in fifteen countries, from Mexico to Japan. Devils was also released in the U.S. with an alternate cover from the international release. The band filmed their video "Lost Boys" in Hollywood and the Philadelphia area, directed by MTV star Bam Margera.

In March 2006, The 69 Eyes briefly toured the U.S. for the first time with Program the Dead and Damone, performing live on Last Call with Carson Daly (episode dated 31 March 2006 ). This marked the band's first ever U.S. television appearance.

Angels, the sequel to the 2004 album Devils, was released in Europe in March 2007. It debuted at number 1 in Finland and has since gone gold. Shortly after their tour with Cradle of Filth and 3 Inches of Blood, Angels was released on 25 June 2007 in the UK. The first single from the album was "Perfect Skin" which went straight to number 1 on the Finnish singles chart. The second single was "Never Say Die". Videos were filmed for both singles and received international airplay.

The band did a summer 2007 US tour with Wednesday 13, Night Kills the Day and Fair to Midland, and supported Within Temptation on tour in the UK in November. They played 125 shows worldwide in 2007.

In 2008, the band released their first live album, titled The 69 Eyes: Hollywood Kills. It featured a complete live show recorded at the Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood in March 2006. The performance featured hits spanning the six latest albums an introduction by Bam Margera and a live cover of the Ramones' "I Just Wanna Have Something to Do". The concert was also filmed in its entirety. Five tracks from the performance were released on DVD as bonus content on the Angels/Devils box set and the entire concert was released on the Back in Blood bonus DVD.

The band began 2009 by touring in Europe as a part of Hellhounds Festival with Tiamat and Ava Inferi. In early 2009, The 69 Eyes started initial recording for their ninth studio album with producer Matt Hyde. The recording process took place in Los Angeles. It was also revealed that Johnny Lee Michaels provided post-production work in Helsinki.

The new album Back in Blood was released 28 August in Europe and 15 September in the USA. In early June 2009, Bam Margera directed the music video for the first single from the album, "Dead Girls Are Easy". The video premiered on playboy.com on 17 July 2009. The 69 Eyes also toured Australia for the first time in mid-June, playing in Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney. A tour of the United States followed in October 2009, and Jyrki 69 was featured on both Fox News' Red Eye program as well as on CNN International. In December 2009, the band debuted their newest video for the song, "Dead & Gone", via Myspace. This new video marked the band's third collaboration with Bam Margera. On 10 August, the band revealed a contest for fans to create a video for the next single, "Kiss Me Undead", and on 30 September the band posted their 14 favorite videos on their YouTube page.

In April 2010, during an interview with Sean Twisted of Renegaderadio.net, Rudi Protrudi (frontman and founder of The Fuzztones) reported he had completed work on a new song with The 69 Eyes, although further details were unavailable during that time.

On the official The 69 Eyes webpage the band's reported a European tour with Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet in March and April 2011.

Early in 2012, The 69 Eyes began recording their next studio album X, which was released on 28 September 2012 across Europe and on 9 October 2012 in the United States. The first single from the album was "Red" and featured a music video. The second single was "Borderline". Both singles were available before the album was released in Europe. In February 2013, the band released the singles "Love Runs Away" and "Tonight" simultaneously via iTunes. "Tonight" was released exclusively in Finland while "Love Runs Away" was released everywhere else. Both singles included two previously unreleased tracks, "Rosary Blue" and "Dracula's Castle", the latter being the song Rudi Protrudi reported he had co-written with The 69 Eyes back in 2010.

The 69 Eyes released a double-CD compilation of their radio hit singles called The Best of Helsinki Vampires in November 2013. The compilation also included a new single, "Lost Without Love".

On 29 July 2015, the band announced that they were working on a new album with producer Johnny Lee Michaels in Helsinki. Michaels previously worked with the band on four consecutive albums (Blessed Be, Paris Kills, Devils, Angels). The new album was set to be released in early 2016. They also announced the first single "Jet Fighter Plane" to be released on 15 January 2016. The second single "Dolce Vita" was released on 8 April 2016. Both singles had music videos directed by Ville Juurikkala.

The album titled Universal Monsters was released on 22 April 2016. The third single was announced to be "Jerusalem" and was released with a music video on 13 May 2016.

On 17 April 2019, the band began their first tour in the United States since 2009, ahead of the release of their upcoming album. The tour ended on 18 May in Philadelphia, making them the last national act scheduled to play at The Trocadero prior to its closure.

On 25 May 2019, The 69 Eyes announced they were to release their twelfth studio album, West End, on Friday the 13th of September 2019 via Nuclear Blast. Jyrki 69 gave a few details about the new record, saying "I feel like this planet is on some turning point. The end of the western world is near and the question is: What is happening when the west ends..? The title has multiple meanings for us… but be assured it has definitely nothing to do with The Pet Shop Boys or London." "The track deals with the idea of Hollywood and everyone coming there to make their dreams come true, but it's very seldom that they succeed and this is something you can see there everywhere", Jyrki 69 contemplates. "It's a place that makes you desperate and I wanted to get these dark vibes into the song. But on the other hand the track is also a celebration of life – we should be excited to be here and everybody's a legend and they should realise that we should enjoy what we do instead of worry what other people think." The 69 Eyes also released a behind-the-scenes video showing the recording of the record.

In February 2022, The 69 Eyes announced that they had signed to Atomic Fire Records, and two months later, they released their first song in three years, "Drive". Later that year, the band released two more songs: "Call Me Snake" and "California", the former being inspired by John Carpenter's Escape from New York and the latter having a music video accompanying its release. Both songs were included in the Drive EP that same year.

In March 2023, the music video for the single "Death of Darkness" was released. Jyrki 69 commented, "'Death Of Darkness' is a song about love. Love leads us to the light. Very simple. It sounds like it was written some twenty-five years ago. It's melancholic goth rock like we knew it in 2001." The studio album Death of Darkness was released April 21, 2023.

Eleven months later, The 69 Eyes collaborated with American songwriter Diane Warren and released the power balled "Fade To Grey" on March 22, 2024.

Musical style
Initially, the 69 Eyes' music style was of glam metal influenced by acts such as Mötley Crüe and Hanoi Rocks. However, they began to incorporate more influence from gothic rock bands such as the Mission, the Cult, the Sisters of Mercy and the Lords of the New Church. Their sound was described as a mix of the gloominess of gothic rock with guitar-powered rock 'n' roll. Their music continued to show further influence from other rock artists such as the Doors, Elvis Presley and Billy Idol as well as vampire films and literature. The term "goth 'n roll" is used by fans to describe their style. They are often described as a dark rock band, a term which the band has embraced. In recent times, with the release of Back in Blood, they have moved back to a more guitar-based sound, although gothic imagery and lyrical themes remain forefront in their style.

The 69 Eyes lyrics are often inspired by movies, especially gothic, horror, western and mystery films such as The Lost Boys, The Crow, Only Lovers Left Alive, The Last House on the Left and The Outsiders, among many others. According to Jyrki, "half of The 69 Eyes songs are wannabe movie songs".

Members

 * Jyrki 69 (Jyrki Pekka Emil Linnankivi) – lead vocals
 * Bazie (Pasi Moilanen) – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Timo-Timo (Timo Tapio Pitkänen) – rhythm guitar
 * Archzie (Arto Väinö Ensio Ojajärvi) – bass, backing vocals
 * Jussi 69 (Jussi Heikki Tapio Vuori) – drums (1992-)

Former members

 * Lotto - drums (1989-1992)

Discography

 * Bump 'n' Grind (1992)
 * Motor City Resurrection (1994) (compilation)
 * Savage Garden (1995)
 * Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams (1997)
 * Wasting the Dawn (1999)
 * Blessed Be (2000)
 * Paris Kills (2002)
 * Devils (2004)
 * Angels (2007)
 * Back in Blood (2009)
 * X (2012)
 * Universal Monsters (2016)
 * West End (2019)
 * Death of Darkness (2023)

title: The 69 Eyes


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Henry Yorke

Henry Yorke may refer to:
 * Henry Vincent Yorke (1905–1973), English author with the pen name Henry Green
 * Henry Redhead Yorke (1772–1813), English writer and radical publicist
 * Henry Redhead Yorke (British politician) (1802–1848), British Whig politician (son of the above)
 * Henry Yorke (priest) (1803–1871), Archdeacon of Huntington
 * Henry Yorke, alias of the fictional vampire Hal Yorke in the British TV Series Being Human

title: Henry Yorke


text:
Hybrid Graphics

Hybrid Graphics Ltd., commonly referred to as Hybrid Graphics, was a graphics software technology company active from 1994 to 2007 in Helsinki, Finland. Acquired by Nvidia in 2006, Hybrid Graphics is now Nvidia Corporation's Helsinki office.

History
Until the year 2000, Hybrid was widely known for its middleware solutions for computer games. Hybrid's other business sector was image-making using 3D graphics, this operation was spun off in 2004 as Fake Graphics Ltd. The company's most important product of that time was the OpenGL based graphics library SurRender 3D (1996–2000). In 2000 Hybrid launched the dPVS (dynamic Potentially Visible Set) visibility optimization middleware that is used in many MMORPGs, including Star Wars Galaxies and EverQuest II. In 2006 the dPVS technology was acquired by Umbra Software Ltd.

Hybrid Graphics provided the first commercial implementations of the OpenGL ES and OpenVG mobile graphics APIs, and was actively involved in the development of the M3G (JSR-184) Java standard, in the context of the Khronos Group and Java Community Process, respectively. Hybrid also sponsored academic research on computer graphics, including multiple papers published in SIGGRAPH.

title: Hybrid Graphics


text:
Henry Beachell

Henry Monroe "Hank" Beachell (September 21, 1906 – December 13, 2006) was an American plant breeder. His research led to the development of hybrid rice cultivars that saved millions of people around the world from starvation.

Born in Waverly, Nebraska, Beachell and his family moved to a corn and wheat farm in western Nebraska. In 1930 he earned a bachelor's degegree in agronomy from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, where he was a member of the FarmHouse fraternity. After obtaining a Master's degree at Kansas State University, Beachell worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Texas. There, he created nine rice varieties, which eventually accounted for more than 90 percent of the U.S. long-grain rice production. He went to International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1963 after his retirement from the DOA. He created a high-yielding rice variety IR8 in 1964, based on the previous work by Peter Jennings (no relations to the US journalists). IR8 was officially released by IRRI in 1966. It dramatically increased the yields of Asian rice from 1 or 2 ton per hectare to 4 or 5 tons per hectare. It played a significant part in the Green Revolution.

Beachell has been called the most important person in rice improvement in the world. As farmers planted higher yielding rice, nutrition improved in many Asian countries, and farmers increased their incomes. Beachell was awarded a honorary doctorate from the University of Nebraska in 1972. Beachell has received many international awards, including the 1987 Japan Prize and 1996 World Food Prize. As a centenarian, Beachell consulted with RiceTec, the only commercial hybrid rice-breeding program in the U.S, up until his death.

title: Henry Beachell


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Enterotoxin

An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines. They can be chromosomally or plasmid encoded. They are heat labile (>60⁰), of low molecular weight and water-soluble. Enterotoxins are frequently cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall. They are mostly pore-forming toxins (mostly chloride pores), secreted by bacteria, that assemble to form pores in cell membranes. This causes the cells to die.

Clinical significance
Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the gastrointestinal tract, causing traveler's diarrhea and food poisoning. The action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells. These membrane pores are activated either by increased cAMP or by increased calcium ion concentration intracellularly. The pore formation has a direct effect on the osmolarity of the luminal contents of the intestines. Increased chloride permeability leads to leakage into the lumen followed by sodium and water movement. This leads to a secretory diarrhea within a few hours of ingesting enterotoxin. Several microbial organisms contain the necessary enterotoxin to create such an effect, such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.

The drug linaclotide, used to treat some forms of constipation, is based on the mechanism of enterotoxins.

Bacterial
Enterotoxins can be formed by the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and can cause Staphylococcal Food Poisoning and Bacillus cereus diarrheal disease, respectively. Staphylococcal enterotoxins and streptococcal exotoxins constitute a family of biologically and structurally related pyrogenic superantigens. 25 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), mainly produced by Staphylococcus aureus, have been identified to date and named alphabetically (SEA - SEZ). It has been suggested that staphylococci other than S. aureus can contribute to Staphylococcal Food Poisoning by forming enterotoxins. Streptococcal exotoxins are produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. These toxins share the ability to bind to the major histocompatibility complex proteins of their hosts. A more distant relative of the family is the S. aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin, which shares only a low level of sequence similarity with this group.

All of these toxins share a similar two-domain fold (N and C-terminal domains) with a long alpha-helix in the middle of the molecule, a characteristic beta-barrel known as the "oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide fold" at the N-terminal domain and a beta-grasp motif at the C-terminal domain. An example is staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Each superantigen possesses slightly different binding mode(s) when it interacts with MHC class II molecules or the T-cell receptor.

The beta-grasp domain has some structural similarities to the beta-grasp motif present in immunoglobulin-binding domains, ubiquitin, 2Fe-2 S ferredoxin and translation initiation factor 3 as identified by the SCOP database.

 * Clostridium difficile
 * Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium enterotoxin)
 * Vibrio cholerae (Cholera toxin)
 * Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcal enterotoxin B)
 * Yersinia enterocolitica
 * Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga toxin)

Viral
Viruses in the families Reoviridae, Caliciviridae, and Astroviridae are responsible for a huge percentage of gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Rotaviruses (of Reoviridae) have been found to contain an enterotoxin which plays a role in viral pathogenesis. NSP4, is a protein that is made during the intracellular phase of the virion's life cycle and is known to have a primary function in intracellular virion maturation. However, when NSP4 from group A Rotaviruses was purified (4 alleles tested), concentrated, and injected into a mouse model, diarrheal disease mimicking that caused by Rotavirus infection commenced. A putative mode of toxicity is that NSP4 activates a signal transduction pathway that ultimately results in an increased cellular concentration of calcium and subsequent chloride secretion from the cell. Secretion of ions from villi lining the gut alter normal osmotic pressures and prevent uptake of water, eventually causing diarrhea.

 * Rotavirus (NSP4)

title: Enterotoxin


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Mal

Mal or MAL may refer to:

Places

 * Mal (community development block), in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India
 * Mal (Vidhan Sabha constituency), an assembly constituency in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India
 * Malbazar or Mal, a town in Jalpaiguri located in North Bengal, India
 * Mal, Lucknow, a village in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India
 * Mar-a-Lago, a resort in Palm Beach, Florida

Acronyms

 * MAL (gene), a human gene that encodes myelin and lymphocyte protein
 * Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin, lectin from the tree Maackia amurensis
 * MAL Hungarian Aluminium, a Hungarian aluminum manufacturer
 * Maritime Administration of Latvia, government agency of Latvia that oversees maritime affairs
 * Median arcuate ligament, a ligament under the diaphragm on the posterior abdominal wall
 * Message Abstraction Layer, a CCSDS Spacecraft Monitor and Control standard
 * Methyl aminolevulinate, a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy for skin problems
 * Mid-America League, a short-lived independent minor baseball league
 * Military Authority Lira, another name of the Tripolitanian lira
 * Model Arab League, an educational program that simulates the activities of the Arab League
 * MonetDB Assembly Language, an assembly-like language used by the MonetDB database
 * MyAnimeList, an anime and manga social networking and social cataloging application website

People

 * Mal people, an ethnic group of Southeast Asia
 * Mal (caste), a Hindu group of India
 * Mal Muslim, a Muslim group of India and Bangladesh
 * Mal (name), a list of people with the given name or nickname
 * Mal (died 946), prince of the Drevlians
 * Mal Nicol (born 1997), Scottish television personality
 * Mal Ryder (born 1944), stage name of British singer Paul Bradley Couling
 * Suraj Mal (1707–1765), ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India
 * Suraj Mal of Nurpur, Rajput ruler (1613–1618) of Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh in India
 * Todar Mal (died 1589), finance minister of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar the Great
 * Min Aung Hlaing (born 1956), Burmese army general

Fictional characters

 * MAL (Captain Planet), Dr. Blight's evil supercomputer in the Captain Planet and the Planeteers series
 * Mal Duncan, a DC comic book character
 * Mal Reynolds, protagonist of the Firefly science-fiction franchise
 * Mal (Descendants), Maleficent's daughter in the 2015 Disney film Descendants
 * Mal, in the film Inception, played by Marion Cotillard
 * Mal, Mike's evil alternate personality and the antagonist of Total Drama All-Stars
 * Malori "Mal" Crowett, title character in the webtoon Mage & Demon Queen
 * Mal Oretsev, character in the book series Shadow and Bone and its TV adaptation

Transport

 * Malaysia Airlines
 * Malden Manor railway station, London, National Rail station code MAL
 * Malta (Amtrak station), a rail station in Montana, station code MAL
 * Malvern railway station, Melbourne

Other uses

 * Mal (surfing), the longboard style of surfboard
 * Mal language, a Mon–Khmer language of Laos and Thailand
 * Alaskan Malamute dog, nickname
 * Malaysia, UNDP and license plate country code
 * Belgian Malinois dog, nickname
 * Methallylescaline, a hallucinogenic drug
 * Mal: Live 4 to 1, an album by Mal Waldron
 * mal (unit), a Korean unit of volume
 * mål, a Norwegian units of measurement of area
 * Malayalam language, ISO 639-3 code

title: Mal


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Dzungaria

Dzungaria (from the Mongolian words, meaning 'left hand'), also known as Northern Xinjiang or Beijiang, is a geographical subregion in Northwest China that corresponds to the northern half of Xinjiang. Bound by the Altai Mountains to the north and the Tian Shan mountain range to the south, Dzungaria covers approximately 777000 km2, and borders Kazakhstan to the west and Mongolia to the east. In contexts prior to the mid-18th century Dzungar genocide, the term "Dzungaria" could cover a wider area, coterminous with the Oirat-led Dzungar Khanate.

Although Dzungaria is geographically, historically, and ethnically distinct from the Tarim Basin or Southern Xinjiang (Nanjiang), the Manchu-led Qing dynasty integrated both areas into one province, Xinjiang. Dzungaria is Xinjiang's center of heavy industry, generates most of the region's GDP, and houses its political capital Ürümqi (Oirat for 'beautiful pasture'). As such, Dzungaria continues to attract intraprovincial and interprovincial migration to its cities. In contrast to the Tarim Basin, Dzungaria is relatively well integrated with the rest of China by rail and trade links.

Background
Xinjiang has traditionally been divided into two geographically and ethnically distinct regions: Dzungaria, located north of the Tian Shan mountains; and the Tarim Basin, located south of the mountains. At the time of the Qing conquest of Xinjiang in 1759, Dzungaria was predominantly inhabited by steppe-dwelling, nomadic Tibetan-Buddhist Dzungars while the Tarim Basin was inhabited by predominantly oasis-dwelling, sedentary, Turkic Muslim farmers, now known as the Uyghurs. The Qing government was well aware of the differences between the inhabitants of the two regions, and initially ruled them as separate administrative units. However, after the Qing army's final pacification of the Tarim Basin in 1760, the Qing government began to describe Dzungaria and the Tarim Basin as one region called "Xinjiang" (lit. 'new frontier').

The Qing government officially unified Dzungaria and the Tarim Basin into one political entity called Xinjiang Province in 1884, despite protests by some officials who believed that the two regions were better off left separated. The geographic concept of Xinjiang was ultimately a construct of the Qing government; by the end of Qing rule in 1912, Xinjiang's native inhabitants had still not developed a distinct regional identity. However, the foundations for a regional identity were laid by the Qing government's 150-year-long policies of politically isolating Xinjiang from the rest of Central Asia and introducing Han and Hui settlers into the region. These policies pushed forward a cultural identity which sharply contrasted with both the rest of China and the rest of Central Asia.

History
Before the 21st century, all or part of the region has been ruled or controlled by the Xiongnu Empire, Han dynasty, Xianbei state, Rouran Khaganate, Turkic Khaganate, Tang dynasty, Uyghur Khaganate, Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate, Liao dynasty, Kara-Khitan Khanate, Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty, Chagatai Khanate, Moghulistan, Kara Del, Northern Yuan, Four Oirat, Dzungar Khanate, Qumul Khanate, Qing dynasty, the Republic of China, the Second East Turkestan Republic and since 1950, it has been under the control of the People's Republic of China.

Etymology
Dzungaria is named after the Dzungar Khanate that existed in Central Asia during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Dzungaria, or Zungharia, derives from the name of the Dzungar people, which comes from the Mongolian term Zűn Gar, or Jüün Gar (depending on the Mongolian dialect used). Zűn (or Jüün) means 'left' and Gar means 'hand'. The name originates from the notion that the Western Mongols (Oirats) were on the left-hand side when the Mongol Empire began its division into East and West Mongols. After this fragmentation, the western Mongolian nation was called Zuun Gar.

Pre-modern era

The first people to inhabit the region were Indo-European-speaking peoples such as the Tocharians in prehistory and the Jushi Kingdom in the first millennium BC.

One of the earliest mentions of the Dzungaria region occurs when the Han dynasty dispatched an explorer to investigate lands to the west, using the northernmost Silk Road trackway of about 2600 km in length, which connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an to the west over the Wushao Ling Pass to Wuwei and emerged in Kashgar.

Istämi of the Göktürks received the lands of Dzungaria as an inheritance after the death of his father in the latter half of the sixth century AD.

Dzungar power reached its height in the second half of the 17th century, when Galdan Boshugtu Khan repeatedly intervened in the affairs of the Kazakhs to the west, but it was completely destroyed by the Qing Empire about 1757–1759. It has played an important part in the history of Mongolia and the great migrations of Mongolian stems westward. Its widest limit included Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, the whole region of the Tian Shan, and the greater proportion of that part of Central Asia which extends from 35° to 50° N and from 72° to 97° E.

After 1761, its territory fell mostly to the Qing dynasty during the campaign against the Dzungars (Xinjiang and north-western Mongolia) and partly to Russian Turkestan (the earlier Kazakh state provinces of Zhetysu and Irtysh river).

Dzungaria and the Silk Road
A traveler going west from China must go either north of the Tian Shan mountains through Dzungaria or south of the mountains through the Tarim Basin. Trade usually took the south side and migrations the north. This is most likely because the Tarim leads to the Ferghana Valley and Iran, while Dzungaria leads only to the open steppe. The difficulty with the south side was the high mountains between the Tarim and Ferghana. Furthermore, the Taklamakan is too dry to support much grass, and therefore nomads when they are not robbing caravans. Its inhabitants live mostly in oases formed where rivers run out of the mountains into the desert. These are inhabited by peasants who are unwarlike and merchants who have an interest in keeping trade running smoothly. Dzungaria has a fair amount of grass, few towns to base soldiers in and no significant mountain barriers to the west. Therefore, trade went south and migrations north. Today most trade is north of the mountains (Dzungarian Gate and Khorgas in the Ili valley) to avoid the mountains west of the Tarim and because Russia is currently more developed.

Modern era
After the Dzungar genocide, the Qing subsequently began to repopulate the area with Han and Hui people from China Proper.

The population in the 21st century consists of Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Mongols, Uyghurs and Han Chinese. Since 1953, northern Xinjiang has attracted skilled workers from all over China—who have mostly been Han Chinese—to work on water conservation and industrial projects, especially the Karamay oil fields. Intraprovincial migration has mostly been directed towards Dzungaria also, with immigrants from the poor Uyghur areas of southern Xinjiang flooding to the provincial capital of Ürümqi to find work.

As a political or geographical term, Dzungaria has practically disappeared from the map; but the range of mountains stretching north-east along the southern frontier of the Zhetysu, as the district to the southeast of Lake Balkhash preserves the name of Dzungarian Alatau. It also gave name to Djungarian hamsters.

Geography

Wheat, barley, oats, and sugar beets are grown, and cattle, sheep, and horses are raised in Dzungaria. The fields are irrigated with melted snow from the permanently white-capped mountains. Dzungaria has deposits of coal, gold, and iron, as well as large oil fields.

Dzungarian Basin
The core of Dzungaria is the triangular Dzungarian Basin, also known as Junggar Basin, with its central Gurbantünggüt Desert. It is bounded by the Tarbagatai Mountains to the northwest, the Altai Mountains to the northeast, and the Tian Shan mountains to the south. The three corners are relatively open. The northern corner is the valley of the upper Irtysh River. The western corner is the Dzungarian Gate, a historically important gateway between Dzungaria and the Kazakh Steppe; presently, a highway and a railway (opened in 1990) run through it, connecting China with Kazakhstan. The eastern corner of the basin leads to Gansu and the rest of China. In the south, an easy pass leads from Ürümqi to the Turfan Depression. In the southwest, the tall Borohoro Mountains branch of the Tian Shan separates the basin from the upper Ili River.

The basin is similar to the larger Tarim Basin on the southern side of the Tian Shan Range. Only a gap in the mountains to the north allows moist air masses to provide the basin lands with enough moisture to remain semi-desert rather than becoming a true desert like most of the Tarim Basin and allows a thin layer of vegetation to grow. This is enough to sustain populations of wild camels, jerboas, and other wild species.

The Dzungarian Basin is a structural basin with thick sequences of Paleozoic-Pleistocene rocks with large estimated oil reserves. The Gurbantunggut Desert, China's second largest, is in the center of the basin.

The Dzungarian basin does not have a single catchment center. The northernmost section of Dzungaria is part of the basin of the Irtysh River, which ultimately drains into the Arctic Ocean. The rest of the region is split into a number of endorheic basins. In particular, south of the Irtysh, the Ulungur River ends up in the (presently) endorheic Lake Ulungur. The Southwestern part of the Dzungarian basin drains into the Aibi Lake. In the west-central part of the region, streams flow into (or toward) a group of endorheic lakes that include Lake Manas and Lake Ailik. During the region's geological past, a much larger lake (the "Old Manas Lake") was located in the area of today's Manas Lake; it was fed not only by the streams that presently flow toward it but also by the Irtysh and Ulungur, which too were flowing toward the Old Manas Lake at the time.

The cold climate of nearby Siberia influences the climate of the Dzungarian Basin, making the temperature colder—as low as -4 °F—and providing more precipitation, ranging from 3 to 10 in, compared to the warmer, drier basins to the south. Runoff from the surrounding mountains into the basin supplies several lakes. The ecologically rich habitats traditionally included meadows, marshlands, and rivers. However, most of the land is now used for agriculture.

It is a largely steppe and semi-desert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan (ancient Mount Imeon) in the south and the Altai in the north. Geologically it is an extension of the Paleozoic Kazakhstan Block and was once part of an independent continent before the Altai mountains formed in the late Paleozoic. It does not contain the abundant minerals of Kazakhstan and may have been a pre-existing continental block before the Kazakhstan Block was formed.

Ürümqi, Yining and Karamai are the main cities; other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas.

Ecology
Dzungaria is home to a semi-desert steppe ecoregion known as the Dzungarian Basin semi-desert. The vegetation consists mostly of low scrub of Anabasis brevifolia. Taller shrublands of saxaul bush (Haloxylon ammodendron) and Ephedra przewalskii can be found near the margins of the basin. Streams descending from the Tian Shan and Altai ranges support stands of poplar (Populus diversifolia) together with Nitraria roborovsky, N. sibirica, Neotrinia splendens, tamarisk (Tamarix sibirimosissima), and willow (Salix ledebouriana).

The northeastern portion of the Dzungarian Basin semi-desert lies within Great Gobi National Park, and is home to herds of Onagers (Equus hemionus), goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) and Wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus).

The basin was one of the last habitats of Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii), also known as Dzungarian horse, which was once extinct in the wild, though it has since been reintroduced in areas of Mongolia and China.

Paleontology
Dzungaria and its derivatives are used to name a number of pre-historic animals, hailing from the rocky outcrops located in the Dzungar Basin:
 * Dsungaripterus weii (pterosaur)
 * Junggarsuchus sloani (crocodylomorph)

A notable find, in February 2006, is the oldest tyrannosaur fossil unearthed by a team of scientists from George Washington University who were conducting a study in the Dzungarian Basin. The species, named Guanlong, lived 160 million years ago, more than 90 million years before the famed Tyrannosaurus rex.

title: Dzungaria


text:
Talk:Colostrum

Which immunoglobulins?
Possible correction needed: I believe that in humans, the only immunoglobulins in colostrum are IgG, IgA, and IgM (as per http://classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Motherneonate/immunoglobulintransport.html). Can anyone confirm which antibodies are in fact transmitted in the colostrum? Yes, IgG (Type I and II), IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Odd Loaf (talk • contribs) 01:55, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

From the French article
French article translation via systran: The colostrum is the name given to the milk secreted by the mammals females at the end of the gestation and in the first days (3࠴) according to parturition. Of yellowish color, it is very rich in essential proteins and antibodies with the immunization of the new-born baby and low in sugars. The types of antibodies met in the colostrum depend on the infectious agents to which the mother was exposed lasting her existance, either naturally, or by vaccination. The new-born baby is able to absorb the antibodies in the first times after the birth, as long as the permeability of the intestinal cells makes it possible to let pass these large molecules. Thereafter the antibodies are destroyed during the processius digestion. This transmission cannot be done during gestation because the placenta is impermeable with the antibodies. The new-born babies nourished with the centre are immunized thus better than those nourished with the feeding-bottle. In the bovine breeding, one holds the name of colostrum to the product of the first draft. That collected then until the 4e day is a milk of transition whose composition approaches gradually that of the unskimmed milk. The colostrum of cow is very rich in proteins (14 % instead of 3,2 % in milk on average), in antibody (6 %), vitamin A and biogenic salts. It is also fattier (6,7 % instead of 3,2 %). Marketed milk should not contain traces of colostrum. The antibodies contained in the colostrum are generally specific to each species. However preparations containing of the bovine colostrum are sold like dietetic supplements with the virtues miracle in particular to resist ageing. --ZayZayEM 13:58, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I removed a pretty sizable chunk of newly added material:
 * (The milk of each mammal contains different components in different ratios according to what is best suited for that mammal's digestive system and unique needs...why protein, which is easily and quickly digested by humans, is responsible for the soft curds in a breastfed baby's stools. Cow's milk (and infant formula) is about 80 percent casein protein, which is good for calves' multi-stomach digestive system, but harder for human babies to digest. In early lactation, the ratio of whey protein to casein protein in human milk is about 90:10. By six weeks it is about 80:20; by six months, 60:40.(Breastfeeding Answer Book, p 21))

Most of this doesn't concern colostrum; it is describing breast milk in general. Joyous | Talk 20:27, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Big wad of matter added by 84.233.149.230
Much of this page (as it is on 23 October 2006) was added on 26 September 2006 by User:84.233.149.230. Anthony Appleyard 12:11, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

"Colostrum is high in carbohydrates, protein and antibodies, and low in fat, which human newborns may find difficult to digest."

This is incorrect. Colostrum is easy to digest and that is why it is produced as the first milk.

Bear in mind that there is a societal bias against breastfeeding and this can affect information given on the subject.

Edgedance 12:33, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you are misreading the statement. It's not saying colostrum is difficult to digest. It is stating that newborns may find fats difficult to digest, and colostrum is low in fat. Joyous! | Talk 14:12, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

OK, I "misread" this too, and why I came to discuss it. I think it needs re-wording. The comma after carbohydrates and after fat are acting as brackets.

This source says that human colostrum has less carbohydrate than milk, which would be consistent with bovine colostrum (check the labels for milk and colostrum from Organic Pastures products). -- maurile, 9 September 2007 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.52.152.225 (talk) 17:50, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Colostrum
You have a lot of information on the human colostrum but what about the ruminant colostrum?

In the ruminants the colostrum is important to get all the anti-bodies and the micro-organisms for the rumen to start to develop. Without this first milk after the first few hours of being born the animal will not survive.

58.168.168.203 23:55, 5 November 2007 (UTC)Swooper

 * The article remains very skewed toward human colostrum, 2 years later. Time to tag it expand. --Una Smith (talk) 16:56, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 16:30, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Removal of unsorted links
I removed the list of unsorted links (seen here), because they are very different in scope, and needs to be connected with a related statement in the article before being reinserted. As to beneficial effects, it is the adult ones that were related to in the section above, and, as far as I can see, there is limited evidence. In contrast, many of the dumped links were to studies of infant colostrum distribution, where there is a larger collection of beneficial evidence. Mikael Häggström (talk) 12:12, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

Colostrum for Gaining Weight
Regarding the "Adult Consumption" section: what about using Colostrum to gain weight (such as for those who are skinny)? Some natural doctors/nutritionists put their thin patients on bovine Colostrum for weight-gain, but I guess the effectiveness of doing that would have to also be mentioned. (I have no idea if it works or not. It's hard enough to find mention of Colostrum being used for weight-gain on the net)-- [ Dario D. ]  09:10, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Colostrum would be an exceptionally expensive source of calories. --Una Smith (talk) 20:32, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

Colostrum article may be POV/promotional
See discussion at WikiProject Medicine. Neurotip (talk) 15:31, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

 * It needs a reorganization, with separate sections on human, bovine, and equine colostrum. The equine situation is kind of unique because unlike cattle breeders, the majority of horse breeders (so called "backyard" breeders) produce only one foal at a time.  So the market problems and demand for community networks are similar for human and horse colostrum.  In the bovine section, put human consumption of bovine colostrum.  In the human section, add a subsection about milk banking in NICUs and collective milk banks.  --Una Smith (talk) 00:55, 18 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The section on human consumption is aggressively promotional, which could be an indicatation that the views expressed are controversial. If so, the opposing arguments should be presented.Yoodge (talk) 06:11, 18 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I have removed some uncited promotional text and dubious sources. Do negative studies or opposing arguments exist? If they do feel free to add them to the article.-- Literature geek |  T@1k?  06:40, 18 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Removed some more remaining problematic wording. Do you think that there are any remaing significant issues in that section that need resolved? If not then you can remove the tag/banner. :)-- Literature geek |  T@1k?  09:47, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Whilst most points are referenced, the overall effect is really poor. Major claims of effectiveness or treatment are being made (or infered), when in fact only a few old studies exist. The article seriously lacks the secondary (vs primary study) sources needed per WP:MEDRS to establish that an effect been confirmed in subsequent studies, been shown to be clinically useful, or establish any role in mainstream treatments (i.e. was effect sufficient, or other reasons why not been routinely established). I've tidied up the references giving fuller citation details and PubMed links to the abstract (or full articles), and toned down the WP:Peacocking somewhat - but still most of this remains in research cloud cuckoo land as far as general established clinical practice goes. David Ruben Talk 01:15, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Just, what??
"Thus, supplementation with bovine colostrum (20 g/d) in combination with exercise training for 8 wk may increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women"

Bone free? wk? WHAT? Somebody fix this — Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.237.239.57 (talk) 02:48, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

Nothing needs to be fixed. Lean Body Mass is the weight of the body minus the fat content. BFLBM is the weight of the body minus the bone and fat content. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xray88 (talk • contribs) 18:31, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

Citation Needed
This assertion that cow's milk is harmful for human consumption lacks support, and is out of place in any case.

The assertion: "Bovine colostrum and its components are as harmful for human consumption as other bovine lactic secretions"

John Hasler jhasler@newsguy.com 184.158.8.179 (talk) 00:56, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

Update citations needed
The article cites papers older than 20 years but refers to those in the main text with words like "now, recently" and such. Fepu80 (talk) 16:19, 22 May 2021 (UTC)
 * See MOS:DATED and feel free to update the article accordingly. S0091 (talk) 16:23, 22 May 2021 (UTC)

Companion animals?
There is an uncited section about "companion animals", which is a very vague term and seems out of place. Why not just say 'other animals' or 'pets'? As far as I can tell, it doesn't make a difference whether the animal is a companion/pet or not. Is this section trying to imply that pets need to be fed colostrum by their owners? I just don't understand the purpose of this section... Pythagimedes (talk) 02:17, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

Molozyvo is not a dish
Molozyvo (ukr. молозиво) means colostrum, not cheese made from colostrum. Cheese made from colostrum is called "сир із молозиву" (cheese from colostrum). 212.34.119.70 (talk) 21:28, 10 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colostrum


text:
Talk:Burgundian Wars

Untitled
Yes, I know that this article resides at a plural. However, in this case, I'm pretty sure that this is correct. At least in German, these events are known by the term Burgunderkriege, which is plural, too. Google searches for the French phrases "guerres de bourgogne" or "guerre de bourgogne" yield 554 and 112 hits, respectively. Google searches for the German phrases yield similar results. Encarta also has its article under the heading "Burgunderkriege" (they don't appear to have an English article on these events). Lupo 13:59, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Removed "see also" section because it contained links to entries already mentioned in the text of the article (anonymous user IP 130.89 domain).

Infobox image
The image that's in the infobox is from the Battle of Laupen, although the Burgundians also fought in that battle, it was more than 100 years before the Burgundian Wars... So I think it should be removed or replaced. Stuntelaar (talk) 20:36, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burgundian Wars


text:
Road Rash 3D

Road Rash 3D is a racing video game developed and published by Electronic Arts exclusively for the PlayStation.

Gameplay
The game plays similarly to previous games developed in the Road Rash series, which involves the player racing their motorcycle against other motorcyclists. Gameplay favors an arcade-like style, with little emphasis on realism. While racing, the player has the option of punching, or using weapons to attack other opponents, to slow down their progress. The ultimate goal is to place first in the race in order to earn money to upgrade the player's motorcycle. Conversely, the worst scenarios are to finish last, which does not earn money, or be stopped by police officers, which actually loses money. Despite sharing many characteristics with past games in the series, Road Rash 3D puts a stronger emphasis on the racing aspect of the game, and less on combat.

The individual courses for the game are pieced together from a larger system of interconnected grids of roads. Courses may overlap common segments of other tracks, but often have different start or end points, or have the player turning down alternate routes. While the player can opt to take the wrong route, taking them very far typically results in hitting "invisible walls" that restrict further movement in the given direction.

Music
Thanks to a licensing agreement with Atlantic Records, the game featured music from bands such as Sugar Ray, Kid Rock, CIV, The Mermen, Full on the Mouth, and The Tea Party. Sugar Ray contributed three songs, "Speed Home California", "Tap, Twist, Snap" and "Mean Machine", as well as short track "The Club".

Development
The biker animations were created using motion capture, with the motion capture actors perched on motorcycle mock-ups.

A PC version with LAN enabled multiplayer and support for force feedback joysticks was planned, but never released.

Reception
Road Rash 3D received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. The most common complaint was that the game failed to live up to the prior games in the series on the Sega Genesis and 3DO, especially that it lacked a two-player multiplayer mode. Edge highlighted the game's network of interconnecting roads, "impressive" 3D engine, and track design, but criticized the execution of combat moves for being unresponsive and impractical, saying that they require precise timing and a significant degree of luck. GamePro noted that despite having some flaws in the gameplay, they considered it a worthy installment in the series.

In a mixed review, GameSpot criticized the game for its graphical glitches, and for the fact that the game reduced the actual combat aspect of the gameplay that the series had been known for in prior iterations. IGN complained that despite two to three years of development time, that the game managed to control worse, and play slower, than the series' last release on the 3DO. AllGame echoed these sentiments, questioning the game's slow pace, graphical glitches, and overall lower quality than the prior game for the 3DO. GameRevolution referred to it as "one of the worst motorcycle games...ever" and summarized that the game did not come close to its predecessors regarding its gameplay. Next Generation was generally critical to gameplay and graphics and gave it a score 2 stars out of 5.

Road Rash 3D won the "Outstanding Achievement in Sound and Music" award at AIAS' 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards and was a finalist for "8th Annual GamePro Readers' Choice Awards" for "Best Racing Game of The Year", but lost to Gran Turismo.

Response and legacy
The game's lack of multiplayer and lack of emphasis on combat was frequently cited as a shortcoming of the game by critics. Electronic Arts representatives defended the lack of multiplayer, stating that the feature was impossible due to the way game data was streamed from the game disc. Such concerns were addressed in subsequent future releases. A year later, on September 27, 1999, Road Rash 64 was released. While it was initially thought to be a simple port of the game for the Nintendo 64, the end product turned out to be a major reworking of the game, putting a greater emphasis on combat, and including several multiplayer modes with support to up to four players. Additionally, the next game in the series, Road Rash: Jailbreak, especially focused gameplay on a two player cooperative mode where a second player can join in on a motorcycle's side car.

title: Road Rash 3D


text:
The Keene Sentinel

The Keene Sentinel is an independently owned daily newspaper published in Keene, New Hampshire. It currently publishes six days a week.

The Sentinel is the fifth oldest continuously published newspaper in the United States, having operated under the Sentinel name since its founding, by John Prentiss, in March 1799 as the New Hampshire Sentinel. It was preceded in Keene by a number of much shorter ventures. including The New Hampshire Recorder, The Cheshire Advertiser, The Columbian Informer, and The Rising Sun.

History
On March 23, 1799, first issue of the New Hampshire Sentinel, a weekly paper was published by the owner, John Prentiss. He was just 21 years old when he began the paper. The newspaper would stay under the Prentiss family guidance until 1954.

From 1799 through 1847, John Prentiss published the weekly himself, until 1819, when his brother joined him for a period of two years. His son, John William Prentiss worked with him from 1828 until leaving in 1834, however, he returned in 1838 and they named their enterprise, J & J.W. Prentiss.

In 1847, John Prentiss retired and his son, John William Prentiss hired Albert Godfrey as a partner. John William retired in 1850, due to poor health. Godfrey, George S. Woodward and Samuel Woodward took ownership of the paper until 1856, when Samuel Woodward sold his ownership to Thomas Hale and Thomas C. Rand, with the stipulation that they merge American News with the Keene Sentinel, Woodward having ownership of American.

During the period between 1865 and 1872, there were some questions about ownership of the Sentinel and Clement J. Woodward purchased the holdings of O.I. French and George Ticknor, sometime around 1860. A large interest in the paper had been purchased by George Ticknor, who edited it until his death in 1866.

In 1880, the founders grandson, William H. Prentiss, became part owner and worked as city editor. In 1893, they incorporated, and Bertram Ellis, William Prentiss, Thomas Rand and Samuel Woodward became stockholders. In 1897, the Sentinel became a member of the Associated Press. Rand and Ellis sold their shares in 1912 and 1918, respectively.

In 1923, when William H. Prentiss died, he and Samuel Woodward had equal shares in the company. His wife, inherited the shares. In 1930, they built a brick building located at 60 West Street, where they published the Keene Evening Sentinel, a daily newspaper; the first issue was published on May 21, 1930. In 1935, on the passing of Mrs. William H. Prentiss, her ownership passed on to her son, John W. Prentiss, great-grandson of founder, John Prentiss. In 1927, Woodward died, his shares passing to his son, Paul, and John Prentiss becoming president. In 1945, Paul Woodward sold his shares to John E. Coffin. Coffin and Prentiss co-owned the Sentinel until Prentiss died in 1953.

In October, 1954, James D. Ewing, his wife Ruth, and business partner, Walter Paine, purchased the Sentinel, from Coffin, and the Prentiss family. In 1957, the daily New Hampshire Sentinel, was merged with the daily Keene Evening Sentinel. Later, Paine sold his interest in the paper to the Ewings. They ran The Keene Sentinel, (named The Keene Sentinel, from 1972 to present) until retiring, in 1993, selling the paper to their nephew, Thomas (Tom) Ewing. Thomas Ewing still retains ownership of the Sentinel.

Awards

 * At the 2009 New England Associated Press News Executives Association, the Sentinel won more awards for photography, design and news writing than any other newspaper. The Sentinel won 19 awards, including eight first-place honors. The Sentinel has repeatedly won awards from state and regional press associations, including 12 awards from the N.H. press association in 2014.

Former editorial writer Guy MacMillin won the Allan B. Rogers Award for the best local editorial in New England by newspapers of any size.

Under the leadership of James Ewing, the Keene Sentinel received the following awards.

 * 1961 the paper received honorable mention in the Svellon Brown Awards, for meritorious and distinguished service to its public, by the New England Newspaper and Press Association.
 * 1987 Yankee Quill Award, Society of Professional Journalists, for outstanding contributions to New England journalism.
 * New Hampshire Award from the New Hampshire Press Association.

Current operations
The daily operation includes the online service SentinelSource and commercial printing operations. As of 2004, it had a paid circulation of about 14,000.

In May 2024, the newspaper sent out a memo to staff announcing it will switch to postal delivery, resulting in 11 independent carriers losing their jobs.

The Sentinel covers the city of Keene, and 30 towns in Cheshire County (Alstead, Chesterfield, Dublin, Fitzwilliam, Gilsum, Harrisville, Hinsdale, Jaffrey, Marlborough, Marlow, Nelson, Richmond, Rindge, Roxbury, Stoddard, Sullivan, Surry, Swanzey, Troy, Walpole, Westmoreland, and Winchester), Hillsborough County (Antrim, Bennington, Francestown, Greenfield, Hancock, and Peterborough) and Sullivan County (Acworth, Charlestown, and Langdon).

Prices
The Keene Sentinel prices are: $2.00 daily, and $2.75 for the “Weekend Edition”.

title: The Keene Sentinel


text:
Riane Eisler

Riane Tennenhaus Eisler (born July 22, 1931) is an Austrian-born American systems scientist, futurist, attorney, and author who writes about the effect of gender and family politics historically on societies, and vice versa. She is best known for her 1987 book, The Chalice and the Blade, in which she coined the terms "partnership" and "dominator".

She has written and been interviewed in over 500 articles. Her work is covered in publications ranging from Scientific American, Behavioral Science, Futures, Political Psychology, The Christian Science Monitor, Challenge, and UNESCO Courier to Brain and Mind, Human Rights Quarterly, International Journal of Women's Studies, and World Encyclopedia of Peace, as well as chapters for books published by trade and university presses (e.g., Cambridge, Stanford, and Oxford University).

Eisler pioneered the expansion of human rights theory and action to include the majority of humanity: women and children.

Her research provides a new perspective on our past, present, and possibilities for the future, including a new social and political agenda for building a more humane and environmentally sustainable world.

Her newest works draw from social and biological science, especially neuroscience, showing the interconnection between childhood/families, gender, economics, and story/language as cornerstones of either partnership-oriented or domination-oriented social systems.

Eisler’s multi-disciplinary whole-systems analysis highlights how traditions of domination underlie current crises, as well as how to move to a more equitable, sustainable, and caring world.

Life
Eisler was born in Vienna in 1931 before her family fled from the Nazis in 1939 to Cuba. She and her parents lived in a slum in Havana for seven years, after which they emigrated to the United States, to Miami, New York, and Chicago before finally settling in Los Angeles.

Eisler has degrees in sociology and law from the University of California. She is an attorney, legal scholar, systems scientist, and author. She has published thirteen books, including one memoir, The Gate, published in 2000. Her first book, published in 1977, was Dissolution: No-Fault Divorce, Marriage, and the Future of Women. Her second book, published in 1979, was on the Equal Rights Amendment.

Drawing on ten years of multidisciplinary research, in her third book The Chalice and the Blade (originally published in 1987) she coined the terms "partnership" and "dominator" to describe two underlying forms of society. These forms transcend conventional social categories like right/left, religious/secular, Eastern/Western, capitalist/socialist, etc.

Partnership-oriented societies are characterized by peace, equity, gender equality, sustainability, and caring. Dominator-oriented societies are characterized by sexism and other forms of in-group versus out-group rankings such as racism and anti-Semitism, as well as chronic war, ecological destruction, and unsustainability.

Eisler's research references the work of archaeologists Marija Gimbutas and Ian Hodder, anthropologists Douglas Fry, and many others. It shows that for millennia most human societies were built on a partnership-oriented structure. This meant society supported the human capacity to give, nurture, and sustain life. Caregiving was held in the highest regard. Shared responsibility and caring were the gold standard. According to archaeology, the fall into domination occurred between five to ten thousand years ago. This was a drop in the evolutionary bucket, as Eisler notes.

The Chalice and the Blade has sold over 500,000 copies and been translated into around 30 languages.

Eisler's research indicates that the switch from partnership to domination led to a shift from in-group versus out-group attitudes. Group hierarchy and relationships were now based on factors such as sex, race, and other differences. Violence was ultimately the basis for maintaining these hierarchies, and was built into the system.

The “conquest of nature,” massive inequality, and devaluing the work of caring for people started to become common practice. The work of caring for our natural life-support systems was also undervalued, taken for granted, and removed from the money economy. Metrics illustrating this imbalance can be seen in Australian studies on the economic value of the unpaid care economy.

Domination systems normalize violence - from abusive authoritarian families, to the promotion of violence in modern politics, to destructive warfare between nations. Violence became a means to maintain power-over others as a social norm.

Eisler is currently the editor-in-chief of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies at the University of Minnesota. She is a keynote speaker at conferences worldwide. She also heads the Center for Partnership Systems - a vast resource library of research that can empower anyone in creating a more partnership-oriented world.

The Center for Partnership Systems
In 1987, in partnership with her late husband David Elliot Loye, Eisler founded The Center for Partnership Studies, which was later renamed The Center for Partnership Systems. The organization is "dedicated to research, education, and building tools to construct economic and social systems that support human beings and the planet that sustains us."

As of 2024, the Center acts as a digital hub of resources, tools, connections, and community designed to empower and educate people involved in the #PartnershipMovement worldwide.

The Power of Partnership podcast hosted by Cherri Jacobs Pruitt, and introduced by Dr. Eisler, brings you the voices of people who are applying the Partnership ethos to the roots of our most pressing challenges.

Recent Podcasts & Interviews
The Great Simplification #116 - Riane Eisler & Nate Hagens "Domination and Partnership in Society"

People-Powered Planet Podcast (Nov 2023) Riane Eisler & Melanie Bennett "Barbie & Ken - in Partnership?"

Scientific American - How Family Trauma Perpetuates Authoritarian Societies

Influence
Nobel Peace Laureate, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, called Eisler's book The Real Wealth of Nations “a template for the better world we have been so urgently seeking”, adding “this brilliant book shows how we can build economic systems that meet both our material and spiritual needs.”

Jennifer Siebel Newsom, who uses the title “first partner of California", wrote of Eisler’s book Nurturing Our Humanity “In a world that feels ever more dangerous, divided, and out of balance, Nurturing Our Humanity outlines the roadmap for a world that leads with partnership – where empathy, care, and community are valued above all, and each can fulfill our full human potential.”

Ashley Montagu called Eisler's book The Chalice and the Blade “The most important book since Darwin’s Origin of Species."

Gloria Steinem called her book Sacred Pleasure “Eisler’s most stunning, far-reaching, and practical gift – both to readers and to a world that must change or perish.”

The children’s troubadour Raffi, called Eisler's book on education, Tomorrow’s Children “a pathway toward a child-honoring society.”

Marianne Williamson called Eisler's book The Power of Partnership “Stunning…the map to a world that works for all of us.”

Philosopher Terence McKenna referenced Eisler's work throughout his writings and talks, including in The Archaic Revival. In 1988, Eisler and McKenna gave a talk entitled Man And Woman At The End Of History together in Ojai CA, Mill Valley.

Eisler's term dominator culture has been used by writers ranging from bell hooks to Tao Lin.

Her work is taught in high schools, universities, and corporate learning environments, and has influenced people worldwide.

Comments on Eisler’s keynotes:

“I wanted to make sure you appreciate the remarkable impact you had on the entire leadership team at Case Western Reserve University when you gave that inspirational keynote address to our deans, vice presidents, and senior faculty. Your talk sent more reverberations through our community than any speaker we'd ever had.” Edward M. Hundert, M.D., President, Case Western Reserve University, 2002-2006

"Riane Eisler spoke to the hearts and the heads of the top women at Microsoft. She was compelling not only in her compassion and humanity, but even more so with her strong logic and sense of urgency. She is a wonderful, inspiring speaker!" Alex Loeb, Former Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Corporation

Awards
Among Eisler’s many awards are:

 * 2022 Centers for Compassion, Humanitarian Award
 * Honorary member, Club of Budapest (other honorary members include Mikhail Gorbachev)
 * 2017 Visionary Award, Feminist Press
 * 2014 Pioneer Award, Institute for Women’s Leadership
 * 2009 Distinguished Peace Leadership Award, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (earlier awarded to the Dalai Lama)
 * 2008 Honorary Ph.D. degree, Saybrook Institute
 * 2008 Included in the award-winning Great Peacemakers book and online course
 * 2005 Honorary Ph.D. degree, Case Western Reserve University
 * 2000 Ethics Award, Foundation for Ethics and Meaning
 * 1996 Humanist Pioneer Award
 * 1996 Alice Paul ERA Education Award
 * 1992 Shaler Adams Foundation award for work on Women's Rights as Human Rights
 * 1990 National Women's Conference Committee Torchbearer's Award
 * 1987 Congressional Award for Outstanding Contribution
 * Monterey Distinguished Community Leader
 * Phi Beta Kappa

Selected bibliography

 * 1977 — Dissolution: No-Fault Divorce, Marriage, and the Future of Women. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 1583480293
 * 1979 — The Equal Rights Handbook: What ERA Means to Your Life, Your Rights, and the Future. Avon. ISBN 1583480250
 * 1987 – The Chalice and The Blade: Our History, Our Future. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0062502891
 * 1990 — The Partnership Way: New Tools for Living and Learning, Healing Our Families, and Our World. San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 0062502905
 * 1995 – Sacred Pleasure: Sex, Myth, and the Politics of the Body. San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 0062502832
 * 2000 — Tomorrow's Children: A Blueprint for Partnership Education in the 21st Century. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBC 0813390400
 * 2000 — The Gate. iUniverse. ISBN 0595001858
 * 2002 — The Power of Partnership: Seven Relationships that Will Change Your Life. New World Library. ISBN 1577311787
 * 2007 — The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economy. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 1576753883
 * 2019 — Nurturing Our Humanity: How Domination and Partnership Shape Our Brains, Lives, and Future. with Douglas P. Fry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0190935723
 * 2023 - Fog Busters: Eyes of Care, a children's' story with Victoria Friedman. ISBN 1958921556

title: Riane Eisler


text:
Talk:Ceylon, Minnesota

Untitled
To Whom It May Concern,

I am just curious. How in the world did the small Minnesote Town of Ceylon City get that name in the first place?

I would be most grateful if someone could explain its brief history. I wonder if it has any relation to the country Ceylon, now Sri Lanka?

Cheers,

S.DeSilva

I grew up in Ceylon, MN as we were always told that when a name was being chosen for the town, someone on the "committee" was in the grocery store and saw a package of Ceylon Tea from the island nation now known as Sri Lanka. I have no idea if this is true, but it was the story we were told in school.

S. Maras —Preceding unsigned comment added by Croooow71 (talk • contribs) 16:57, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 11:12, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ceylon, Minnesota


text:
Bernd Mayländer

Bernd Mayländer (born 29 May 1971 in Waiblingen) is a German racing driver and current Formula One safety car driver.

Racing career
Bernd started his career in karting sport at the end of the 1980s. In the following years he made his way to the Formula Ford, the Porsche Carrera Cup and the original DTM. In 2000, he won the 24 Hours Nürburgring in a Porsche 911 GT3-R. When the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) series was resumed in 2000, he drove for Mercedes-Benz. He raced for Mercedes in DTM from 2001 to 2004, having won one race at Hockenheimring in 2001.

Safety car driver in Formula One

Mayländer is the safety car driver for all Formula One races. He has driven the Formula One safety car since 2000 with very few exceptions, such as the 2001 Canadian Grand Prix, when he was injured and was replaced by Marcel Fässler and the 2002 United States Grand Prix when he was replaced by Irish racing driver Damien Faulkner.

As of 2018, Mayländer had led over 700 laps in Formula One during his career.

Other
In May 2005, he was one of six Mercedes-Benz drivers taking part in a record drive. Three stock E320 CDI cars drove 100,000 mi in 30 days around the clock, which resulted in an average speed of 139.7 mph.

Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft/Masters results
† Driver did not finish, but was classified as he completed 90% of the winner's race distance. 1 - Shanghai was a non-championship round.

Complete International Touring Car Championship
† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

title: Bernd Mayländer


text: Talk:Bernd Mayländer

title: Talk:Bernd Mayländer


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Norm

Norm
Vote here (13/7/1) ending 14:10, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Self nominating for adminship. I deal with a lot of vandalism and speedy deletion candidates and admin privileges will help me deal with it quicker. I have been a regular contributor since March 2004 and have almost 4000 edits. I'd also like to apologize up front now for the vandalism I did in April and May as pointed out by User:Gazwim. If you opposed, please reconcider as I have been good for over five months. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]]

Support
 * 1) Well-qualified. —No-One Jones (m) 14:15, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Good edits! I have seen Norm take care of a vandalism spree and trust he won't misuse admin powers. (btw: would've fixed the vote link but got an edit conflict ;-)) Anárion 14:18, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 14:45, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) I'm sold. Skyler 15:22, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Michael Snow 17:43, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Of course. --Lst27 20:21, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) And I haven't heard of you? Hmm. Ok. Whatever. ;) -- Grunt   ҈  23:47, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC)
 * Go, Norm, go. JFW | T@lk  23:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) ℛ yan!  |  Talk  16:43, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Certainly. --Slowking Man 05:42, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Fight the vandals. Jayjg 17:39, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Wary support. Reformed vandal, but seems to be doing a good deal of vandal-fighting of his own, so, I guess it is canceled out.  Andre  ( talk )A| 18:07, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Support. Though I do wish he'd stop his anti slashdot campaign. Gadykozma 23:34, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Norm a.k.a Krik is anti-Renault and has made many POV edits. He also vandalized the Renault article several times with my name and french profanities. . I say this as someone who knows him outside of Wikipedia. He also likes vandalizing logged out a lot. When you support Norm, you are supporting a vandal. Gazwim 20:14, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC).
 * 2) Self-admitted vandal, below -- gee, he was a vandal five months ago, but he's "learned a lot about how vandalism is dealt with" due to the vandalism he did in his earlier days? I see no remorse, no suggestion that the vandalism was inappropriate; simply "I've since made many good edits". That's all well and fine, but I'm pretty sure we don't want someone with the impulses of a vandal to have anything other than plain-old-editor status. --jpgordon{gab} 23:07, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Cannot support someone who was a vandal only five months ago and who is now self-nominated for adminship. -- —Lowellian (talk)   07:57, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) What jpgordon and Lowellian said. --fvw 13:01, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)
 * 5) I would support, except for the fact that you only admitted to your past once someone else brought it up. The clincher for me opposing is that the edits happened during the time frame you used to support your bid. Shane King 14:06, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) I can spend time putting my thoughts into words, but Jpgordon already read my mind. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 15:01, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Have to agree with Lowellian and jpgordon .... —Neuropedia 15:07, 2004 Oct 25 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) Withdrawing my vote from support to neutral. My support was lukewarm in the first place, and some of the arguments offered by oppsing voters has led me to reconsider, though not to the degree that I outright oppose. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 20:49, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments Response to vandalism in my early days

I've noticed a lot of concern about my vandalism in my earlier days, which is understandable due to the problems vandals cause. So I have decided write here my response. In March I was recommended to get an account after doing many good edits anonymously. After a while I recommended Wikipedia to some of my friends, including User:Gazwim. I was still relativley new to editing pages. It was then in late early April/May that I did the stated edits as a "joke". I thought it was quite funny, but soon I found the edits reverted and a warning on my talk page. It feels really bad that something I've done five months ago can still have a stigma today, even after thousands of edits including fighting a lot vandalism. I deeply regret said edits especially as it is digging into all my good work I've done here.

I am nowadays totally committed to fighting vandalism when I come across it and that is why I have cautiously nominated myself after several months of editing. If I am made an admin it will make it easier to fight it. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 14:07, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Other commments

UninvitedCompany, even after reading the rather dubious Remove personal attacks I still can't see how removing the sole oppose vote was within your rights, nor could I find the promised rationale at Talk:Gazwin. Gadykozma 16:16, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * User talk:Gazwim is probably what you want. —No-One Jones (m) 16:19, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes. Sorry for the broken link in the comment.  I encouraged the perpetrator to add a more appropriate vote.  Should he decline to do so, you could yourself,  if you do feel strongly yourself that the community, the project, fairness, transparency, etc., are all best served by so doing.  uc 18:46, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Since this doesn't really have to do with Norm, I answered here. Gadykozma 19:00, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'm prepared to support, but I'd like some sort of explanation regarding the single oppose vote as well as who User:Krik is.  Andre  ( talk )A| 21:09, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I second that thought. Skyler 21:43, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Krik is Norm's old user name. User:Gazwim has previously vandalized Norm's user page: . This was after claiming to be "his friend": . I would also like to see Norm's comment on this. Anárion 23:12, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I kind of expected something like this from Gazwim. The edits he refered to are from my early days when I was not so familiar with Wikipedia policy. He has had a "grudge" against my account on Wikipedia since I did those edits for a "joke". I have made many good contributions on Renault and although I personally don't like Renault, I try to avoid POV. It should be worth noting that Gazwim has vandalized Renault as well . No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 23:43, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Please note that I don't care what Gazwim did, as he is not up for adminship. Would it be correct to say that in the past you have vandalized Renault? This doesn't mean I still won't support, but I'd like to get this straight.  Andre  ( talk )A| 17:47, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * It is correct that I did those edits. But they were several months ago (April/May). I learnt a lot about how vandalism is dealt with due to vandalism I did in my earlier days and have since have made many good edits as well as revert a lot of vandalism. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 00:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Vandalism and speedy deletion candiates mainly as explained in my nomination request.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. I have many proud moments. Such as Quick index, which I originally adapted from an Italian Wikipedia page. A screenshot of it appeared on a BBC news article about Wikipedia. I did a lot of work adding category links to various UK places, roads and other topics. I created Browse by category to improve the category system on Wikipedia. I have contributed many pictures as well and uploaded many from other language Wikipedias. I don't have a particular article I am proud of but I do have several favourites that I keep in my watchlist and improve from time to time.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. In my eariler days I got almost got into an edit war over spatial file manager arguing whether Windows 95's file manager was spatial or not. Sometimes I find VFD discussions a bit hot so I try to avoid voting in controversial ones. A while ago some vandal targeted my user page and pages I edited.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Norm


text: User:Alterego/Alterego/HTML for MBTI

title: User:Alterego/Alterego/HTML for MBTI