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Seyhan

Seyhan is a district-municipality in the Adana Province of Turkey. Its area is 444 km2, and its population is 795,012 (2022). It forms the core of the Adana urban area. Seyhan is home to 35 percent of the residents of Adana Province and almost half of the residents of the city of Adana. It is the fifth most populous metropolitan district in Turkey.

Seyhan is the first settlement area of Adana and currently the administrative, business and cultural center of the city. It includes the historical neighbourhood of Tepebağ, and the landmarks such as Büyüksaat, Ulu Camii, Ramazanoğlu Hall and Sabancı Merkez Camii. Adana Center for Arts and Culture, Sabancı Cultural Center, Seyhan Cultural Center and Metropolitan Theatre are also located in the district. The district gets its name from the river that forms the east border.

Governance
Seyhan district is administered by three levels of government; central government, provincial administration and the municipality.

Seyhan Governorship is the district branch of the central government operating under the Adana Governorship. The chief executive of the Seyhan district is the District Governor who is appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Seyhan Governorship overseas the functioning of the district directorates of the ministries.

Seyhan directorate of the Adana Province Special Administration is the district branch of the provincial administration. Seyhan district is represented with 11 members at the 61-member Adana Provincial Parliament.

Seyhan Municipality serves the entire Seyhan district and it is further divided into neighbourhoods, the smallest administrative units of the province.

Seyhan Municipality
Seyhan Municipality was incorporated in 1986 as a lower-tier municipality as Adana Municipality is upgraded to a metropolitan status. The organs of the Seyhan Municipality are the mayor, encümen (the executive committee) and the municipal council.

Mayor
Mayor is the chief executive of the municipality, presides municipal departments and chairs the municipal council. Mayoral candidates are either nominated by National Parties or run independently. The mayor is elected by first past the post voting for a 5-year term.

Oya Tekin is the mayor of Seyhan since April 2024. Tekin is currently serving his first term, and she is the first woman mayor of Seyhan and the first elected woman mayor in the Adana Province.

 * 1
 * CHP
 * Oya Tekin
 * align="right"|158,116
 * align="right"|41.51
 * align="right"|-16.33
 * 2
 * AKP
 * Erdal Hatipoğlu
 * align="right"|121,782
 * align="right"|31.97
 * align="right"|-6.36
 * 3
 * DEM Party
 * Mehmet Karakış
 * align="right"|48,091
 * align="right"|12.63
 * align="right"|
 * 4
 * İYİ
 * Akif Kemal Akay
 * align="right"|25,434
 * align="right"|6.68
 * align="right"|
 * }
 * align="right"|25,434
 * align="right"|6.68
 * align="right"|
 * }
 * }

Municipal Council
Municipal Council is the decision making organ of the Seyhan Municipality. It is responsible for approving by-laws, founding, splitting or amalgamating neighbourhoods, strategic planning, urban development planning and zoning, making investments, budgeting, loaning and controlling the mayor's activities. The chair of the council is the mayor. Mayor is assisted by two vice-chairs and two council secretaries who are elected by the council.

The 21 commissions of the council are; environment, legal, urban development, budget planning, education, culture, transportation, tariffs, health care, public relations, youth and sports, consumer protection, auditing, human rights, real estate, social services, EU and foreign affairs, tourism, disabled rights, earthquake and disasters and urban transformation. Each commission has 5 councilor members elected by the council.

Municipal Council consists of 45 members. The candidates for the councilor positions are either nominated by National Parties or run independently. The councilors are elected by the d'Hondt method, where the whole municipality is one electoral district and there is 10% threshold for a party to gain seat at the council. As with mayor, councilors are elected for a 5-year term. Left-wing and right-wing parties have a slight balance at the council. Left leaning CHP leads the council with 18 members, conservative AKP and far-right Turkish nationalist MHP have 12 members and left-wing pro-Kurdish BDP has 3 members at the council.

Neighbourhoods
Neighbourhoods (Mahalle) are administered by the muhtar and the Neighbourhood Seniors Council consisting of 4 members. Muhtar and the Senior Council are elected for 5 years at the local elections and are not affiliated with political parties. Neighbourhoods are not an incorporation therefore do not hold government status. Muhtar, although being elected by the residents, acts merely as an administrator of the district governor. Muhtar can voice neighbourhood issues to the municipal hall together with the Seniors Council.

The 96 neighbourhoods of Seyhan District are:

 * Ahmet Remzi Yüreğir
 * Akkapı
 * Alidede
 * Aydınlar
 * Bahçelievler
 * Bahçeşehir
 * Barbaros
 * Barış
 * Beşocak
 * Bey
 * Büyükçıldırım
 * Büyükdikili
 * Camuzcu
 * Çaputçu
 * Cemalpaşa
 * Çınarlı
 * Dağlıoğlu
 * Demetevler
 * Denizli
 * Dervişler
 * Dörtağaç
 * Döşeme
 * Dumlupınar
 * Emek
 * Fatih
 * Fevzipaşa
 * Gazipaşa
 * Gökçeler
 * Gölbaşı
 * Gülbahçesi
 * Gülpınar
 * Gürselpaşa
 * Hadırlı
 * Hanedan
 * Havuzlubahçe
 * Hurmalı
 * Hürriyet
 * İkibinevler
 * İsmetpaşa
 * İstiklal
 * Karakuyu
 * Karasoku
 * Karayusuflu
 * Kavaklı
 * Kayalıbağ
 * Kayışlı
 * Kocavezir
 * Köylüoğlu
 * Koyuncu
 * Koza
 * Küçükçıldırım
 * Küçükdikili
 * Kurtuluş
 * Kuruköprü
 * Kuyumcular
 * Mekan
 * Mestanzade
 * Meydan
 * Mıdık
 * Mirzaçelebi
 * Mithatpaşa
 * Mürseloğlu
 * Namıkkemal
 * Narlıca
 * Onur
 * Ova
 * Pınar
 * Reşatbey
 * Sakarya
 * Şakirpaşa
 * Salmanbeyli
 * Sarıhamzalı
 * Sarıhuğlar
 * Sarıyakup
 * Şehitduran
 * Serinevler
 * Söğütlü
 * Sucuzade
 * Sümer
 * Tellidere
 * Tepebağ
 * Türkocağı
 * Uçak
 * Ulucami
 * Yalmanlı
 * Yenibaraj
 * Yenibey
 * Yenidam
 * Yenimahalle
 * Yeşilevler
 * Yeşiloba
 * Yeşilyurt
 * Yeşilyuva
 * Yolgeçen
 * Zeytinli
 * Ziyapaşa

Neighbourhoods in the urban area
The urban neighbourhoods of Seyhan are spread into 7 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the D400 state road, railway line, Adana Metro, Şakirpaşa Airport and the little canal.

Old Town: Referring to the city of Adana before the foundation of the Republic, this zone is bordered by D400 state road on the road, Seyhan river on the west, roughly Debboy and Obalar street at the south and the Adana Şakirpaşa Airport on the west. The city was first founded in Tepebağ and then spread in three directions, thus this zone holds almost all the history of Adana. The 20 neighbourhoods of this zone are; Kayalıbağ, Tepebağ, Karasoku, Ulucamii, Türkocağı, Sarıyakup, Alidede, Beşocak, Hurmalı, Kuruköprü, Hanedan, Kocavezir, Sucuzade, Mirzaçelebi, İstiklal, Yeşilyuva, Emek, Meydan, Gülpınar and Dumlupınar.

Three boulevards: This zone is one of the fine samples of planned neighbourhoods of the Republic Era. It is locally named with the three major boulevards passing within the zone, Ziyapaşa, Atatürk and Gazipaşa. Founded north of the city, it is currently bordered by D-400 state road on the south, Seyhan river on the west, railway line on the north and metro line on the west. The metropolitan hall is located in this zone close to the intersection of Atatürk boulevard and D400 state road. It hosts the major sports venues of Adana: 5 Ocak Stadium, Atatürk Swimming Complex and Menderes Sports Hall. The most popular parks of the city, Merkez Park and the Atatürk Park, are also located here. The four neighbourhoods of this zone are; Reşatbey, Çınarlı, Cemalpaşa and Kurtuluş. The population of this zone is 39,037.

North of the railway line: Covering the area north of the railway line, west of the Seyhan river, east of the metro line and south of the Çukurova district, this zone has seen rapid growth since 1960's and has planned and unplanned sections. North-west part of this zone is known as the Hospitals area, home to Numune, Chest Diseases and the Military hospitals. The 6 neighbourhoods of this zone are Ziyapaşa, Sümer, Gazipaşa, Namık Kemal, Yenibaraj and Yeşilyurt.

North of the little canal: Mostly an unplanned residential zone, it is bordered by the little irrigation canal on the south, metro line on the east, Çukurova district on the north and roughly Öğretmenler Boulevard on the west. The 10 neighbourhoods of this zone are; Tellidere, Fatih, Pınar, 2000 Evler, Gürselpaşa, Güzelyurt, Kıyıboyu, Mavibulvar, Bahçeşehir and Yeni Mahalle

South of the little canal: This zone covers the area, little canal on the north, the metro line on the east, D400 state road on the south and Öğretmenler Boulevard on the west. It is a residential and an industrial zone and home to Adana City Hall, Adana Province Special Administration headquarters and the Adana Police headquarters (under construction). 12 neighbourhoods of the zone are; Mithatpaşa, Döşeme, Denizli, Narlıca, Ahmet Remzi Yüreğir, Sakarya, İsmetpaşa, Yeşilevler, Demetevler, Barış, Fevzipaşa and Aydınlar.

East of the Airport: Covering the area west and north of the Şakirpaşa Airport, south of the D400 and west of the Adana Hippodrome, it has unplanned residential areas as well as small-scale industrial sites. 5 neighbourhoods of this zone are; Şakirpaşa, Uçak, Onur, Ova and Yeşiloba,

South of the Old Town: This zone covers the area south of the old town and Şakirpaşa Airport and west of the Seyhan river. It is largely a low-income residential area of unplanned neighbourhoods filled with shanty homes. It was started being populated during the city's explosive growth in 1950's and seen further growth during the mass migration of Kurds from Southeastern Anatolia Region in 1990's during the peak of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. The unemployment rates are very high in this zone. The 12 neighbourhoods of this zone are; Mestanzade, Hürriyet, Havuzlubahçe, Bahçelievler, Dağlıoğlu, Gülbahçesi, Şehit Duran, Yenibey, Barbaros, Bey, Akkapı, Mıdık.

Neighbourhoods outside the urban area
As the city borders are expanded, the municipalities and the villages in the new limits of the city are annexed to the city. Neighbourhoods of the former municipalities and former villages then became part of the Seyhan district as neighbourhoods. There are total of 30 non-urban neighbourhoods which are located on the west and south end of Seyhan.

Karayusuflu: 9 neighbourhoods of this former municipality are; Bahçelievler, Serinevler, Kayışlı, Salmanbeyli, Dervişler, Çaputçu, Köylüoğlu, Dörtağaç, Mürseloğlu

Küçükdikili: 5 neighbourhoods of this former municipality are; Çınarlı, Dikili, Kavaklı, Mekan, Söğütlü,

Former Villages: 16 neighbourhoods that were formerly villages are; Büyük Çıldırım, Büyük Dikili, Camuzcu, Gökçeler, Gölbaşı, Karakuyu, Koyuncu, Kuyumcular, Küçük Çıldırım, Sarıhamzalı, Sarıhuğlar, Yalmanlı, Yenidam,  Yolgeçen, Zeytinli, Hadırlı,

Notable people

 * Ümit Can Batman (born 1987), professional footballer

title: Seyhan


text:
Andy Goram

Andrew Lewis Goram (13 April 1964 – 2 July 2022) was a Scottish footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Bury, Lancashire, England, he started his career with Oldham Athletic and Hibernian, but he is best remembered for playing for Rangers during the 1990s, when he earned the nickname "The Goalie". In a 2001 poll of Rangers fans, Goram was voted Rangers' greatest-ever goalkeeper.

Goram appeared in 43 international matches for Scotland and was selected for their squads at the 1986 and 1990 World Cups, UEFA Euro 1992 and UEFA Euro 1996.

After his time with Rangers, Goram played for many clubs, most notably at Motherwell and a brief loan spell at Manchester United. He also represented Scotland at cricket, and was one of only four men to play internationally for Scotland in both football and cricket.

After retirement from playing, he went on to become a goalkeeping coach at numerous Scottish clubs.

Early career
Goram began his career at West Bromwich Albion but was released as a teenager. He then joined Oldham Athletic in 1981 and spent nearly seven years with the club, making 195 Football League appearances. His performances saw him voted into the PFA Team of the Year for the English Second Division in 1986–87.

Hibernian
In 1987, he returned to Scotland, joining Hibernian for a fee of £325,000. His father had also briefly been a goalkeeper with the Edinburgh club. He made his debut for Hibs on 10 October 1987, keeping a clean sheet in a 4–0 win over Dunfermline Athletic. He served as club captain for the majority of his stay in the capital, and in 1988 achieved the unusual feat of scoring a goal in a Premier Division match, against Morton, with a long kick. He also scored again in a penalty shoot-out after a goalless draw against Clydebank in a League Cup tie in August 1989, Hibs winning 5–3. A save he made in a European tie against RFC Liège was described by Lou Macari as having "defied logic". Goram twisted in mid air to touch a header from Angelo Nijskens away for a corner kick.

In a BBC podcast, "Remembering Andy Goram", he said of his time at Hibs, "Everybody associates me with Rangers because of my time there, but I had four fantastic years with Hibs. My Dad played for Hibs and I've a great affinity for them."

Rangers
In the summer of 1991, Goram signed for Rangers in a £1 million transfer deal. He made his debut in a 6–0 win over St Johnstone on the opening day of the season. Having replaced Chris Woods, Goram found himself under scrutiny in his first few months, and was criticised for goals conceded against Hearts and Sparta Prague which some regarded as being "soft".

Goram soon settled at Ibrox and established himself by playing in all 55 of Rangers competitive games and keeping 26 clean sheets during his first season there. He helped Rangers win the 1991–92 Scottish Premier Division title. He also helped them win the Scottish Cup for the first time in several years, defeating Airdrie 2–1 in the final to clinch a league and cup double.

The following season, 1992–93, saw Rangers take part in the newly revamped UEFA Champions League. Goram played in all ten of their European fixtures that season, conceding seven goals. These games included home-and-away wins over Leeds United and an unbeaten run that saw the club narrowly miss out on a place in the final. Rangers swept to a domestic treble that season, winning their fifth-consecutive league title and defeating Aberdeen in both the League Cup and Scottish Cup finals. Goram won both the Scottish Football Writers and Scottish Professional Footballers Association player of the year awards.

Goram underwent knee surgery in the summer of 1993 and missed most of the following season whilst recovering, making ten appearances. He was placed on the transfer list by manager Walter Smith in the summer of 1994; however, he was allowed to remain at Rangers when he proved his fitness and commitment during pre-season training, and he returned as first-choice goalkeeper for season 1994–95. He continued to excel in goal for Rangers, with Celtic manager Tommy Burns lamenting in January 1996, "If anyone gets round to doing my tombstone, it will have to read: Andy Goram Broke My Heart." Goram went on to win a further three league titles, a Scottish Cup and a Scottish League Cup in his time at Rangers.

After it was reported in the press that Goram had a mild form of schizophrenia, he was greeted with the chant of "Two Andy Gorams, there's only two Andy Gorams". This chant quickly gained popularity, and became the title of a book documenting humorous football chants. Goram left Rangers at the end of season 1997–98.

Later career
Goram had brief spells at Notts County and Sheffield United before signing for Motherwell in January 1999. In 2000, he helped Motherwell to fourth place in the league.

He had a loan spell with Manchester United during their 2000–01 title run-in, playing in two games. In the summer of 2001, he had a spell on trial with Hamilton Academical, then signed for Coventry City and made seven appearances.

In July 2002, Goram signed for Queen of the South, with whom he won the Scottish Challenge Cup. This made Goram the first player to collect a full set of winners' medals from the four Scottish football competitions. A four-game return to Oldham Athletic followed, and he retired at the end of the 2003–04 season after a season-long spell at Elgin City, for whom he played five league games.

In 2010, Goram was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame.

International career
Goram's first involvement in international football was in 1983, when Howard Wilkinson named him in an England under-21 squad; however, despite his club form at Oldham, Wilkinson had doubts about his relative lack of height and instead played Alan Knight in goal. As such, Goram remained eligible to play for Scotland.

In October 1985, Scotland caretaker manager Alex Ferguson named Goram in his squad for a friendly match against East Germany at Hampden Park. He made his debut in that game on 16 October 1985, coming on in the second half as a substitute for Jim Leighton. In the run-up to the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Goram played the full 90 minutes in friendly matches against Romania and the Netherlands, keeping clean sheets in both games. He travelled to Mexico in the summer of 1986 as a member of Scotland's World Cup squad, although he was third choice behind Leighton and Alan Rough and did not play in any of Scotland's three games.

Leighton remained first-choice goalkeeper for Scotland in their qualifying campaigns for Euro 1988 and the 1990 FIFA World Cup, with Goram as his understudy. Goram played one competitive game during this time: a 1–1 home draw against Yugoslavia in October 1988 during the qualifiers for the 1990 World Cup. He did play in several friendly matches, and was in the Scotland squad that took part in the 1990 World Cup in Italy, although once again he did not actually play in games there.

After the 1990 World Cup, Goram established himself as Scotland's first-choice goalkeeper. He played in all eight of Scotland's qualifying ties for Euro 1992, helping them qualify for the finals of the tournament held in Sweden. Scotland lost in their first two group matches to the Netherlands and Germany but won their final match, against the CIS (former Soviet Union), 3–0.

Scotland failed to build on their showing at Euro 1992 in the qualifiers for the 1994 World Cup. A campaign, which included a 5–0 defeat away against Portugal in April 1993, saw Scotland slump to fourth place in their group and fail to qualify. The match against Portugal was Goram's last Scotland appearance for almost a year due to his undergoing knee surgery and a lengthy return to fitness. He returned to the side in March 1994, playing in a friendly against the Netherlands, and played in a 2–0 win away against Finland on 7 September 1994 in the opening qualifying tie for Euro 1996. Goram kept his place in the side and played in Scotland's next three qualifying ties; however, in August 1995, days before a qualifying match against Greece, Goram withdrew from the squad stating that he was not "mentally attuned" to play. Jim Leighton played against Greece and kept his place in the team for the remaining two qualifying matches, although Goram did play for the last 17 minutes of a friendly match against Sweden in between those final two ties.

Goram had a long-running rivalry with Leighton for the goalkeeping position in the Scotland team. Craig Brown controversially selected Goram ahead of his counterpart for Scotland's matches in Euro 96, despite the fact that Leighton had played in most of the qualifiers. In their final game against Switzerland, Goram was required to make several important saves, notably when he clawed away a header from Kubilay Turkyilmaz in the final ten minutes. Brown then selected Leighton for France 98 which prompted Goram to walk out of the squad completely, fifteen days before Scotland were scheduled to play Brazil in the opening game of the tournament.

Coaching career
Goram also worked as a goalkeeping coach with various clubs after retiring from playing. He took on part-time coaching duties when he returned to Motherwell in 2002. He later coached at Dundee in 2005, Airdrie United in March 2006 and then Clyde in February 2008. He left Clyde in September 2008. In January 2012, Goram helped Hamilton Academical with their goalkeeping coach crisis. In January 2014, he took up the role of goalkeeping coach in the coaching staff at Ayr United, joining up again with godson David Hutton, as he did at Clyde and Hamilton.

In October 2014, he became goalkeeping coach at Lowland League side BSC Glasgow. He returned to professional football in January 2015, when he was appointed goalkeeping coach at Dunfermline Athletic, until May 2015 when he left the position. He later had a spell at Airdrieonians as goalkeeping coach from May 2016 until October 2016, leaving the club following a spate of managerial and coaching changes.

His last club was West of Scotland Football League club Cambuslang Rangers.

Cricket
Goram was also a league cricketer, appearing as a wicket-keeper and batsman for various Oldham clubs in the Saddleworth League, including Delph & Dobcross, Moorside and East Lancashire Paper Mill in Radcliffe, Bury. Goram played for Penicuik, Kelso, West Lothian and Uddingston in Scottish cricket leagues. He represented Scotland four times: twice (1989 and 1991) in the annual first-class game against Ireland and twice (again in 1989 and 1991) in the NatWest Trophy. He was one of only four people to have played in a first-class cricket match and a full international football match for Scotland & the most recent.

A left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler, his most significant act was probably to clean bowl England Test player Richard Blakey in a NatWest Trophy game against Yorkshire in 1989. Rangers manager Walter Smith effectively ended Goram's cricket career when he ordered him to concentrate on his football career.

Goram made a cricketing comeback after ending his football career, finally playing for Freuchie Cricket Club in their centenary week matches versus Cricket Scotland President's XI, Falkland Cricket Club and Sussex Ladies. In May 2016, Goram played for a Scotland over-50s team against Lancashire over-50s.

Personal life
Goram was born on 13 April 1964 and raised in England, although he was brought up self-identifying as Scottish. He was the son of Edinburgh-born Lewis Goram, who had played professionally in goal in the 1940s and 1950s for Leith Athletic, Hibernian, Third Lanark and Bury.

Goram was accused in the late 1990s of having sympathies with Ulster loyalists during his regular visits to Belfast. His ex-wife Tracey accused him of collecting loyalist memorabilia and associating with the Ulster Volunteer Force. He denied the accusations, said that he supported the Northern Ireland peace process and threatened to sue his accusers. He was accused of associations with the loyalist Billy Wright and of wearing a black armband whilst playing against Celtic four days after Wright's murder; he said that the armband was in memory of an aunt who died four months earlier. In September 2007, Goram was assaulted at a fundraising dinner by a man who accused him of sectarianism; he condemned sectarianism and said he was "sick of being called a bigot for no reason".

On 30 May 2022, it was announced that Goram had been diagnosed with terminal oesophageal cancer and had been told he had six months to live. He died on 2 July 2022, aged 58. On 29 August 2022, the league game between Hibs and Rangers at Easter Road was preceded by a minute's applause for Goram and his picture was shown on big screens.

Honours
Rangers
 * Scottish Premier Division: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97
 * Scottish Cup: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96
 * Scottish League Cup: 1992–93, 1996–97

Queen of the South
 * Scottish Challenge Cup: 2002–03

Individual
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1986–87 Second Division
 * SFWA Footballer of the Year: 1992–93
 * SPFA Players' Player of the Year: 1992–93
 * Scottish Football Hall of Fame: 2010

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Andy Goram


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Wikipedia:Entertainment Collaboration of the week/Current

The current Entertainment Collaboration of the week is the television program MacGyver.


text:
Talk:Counter-Strike: Source

Important Changes in beta
One of the new features introduced in the beta is the multi-core rendering. I will add it as an important mention, since it makes the game more playable on any machine that has a multi-core processor. This is especially relevant to older machines. Ds1GIG (talk) 05:27, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

I don't know how to open a new article but in the history section it never states when the game was released publicly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.87.51.244 (talk) 06:33, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

System Requirements
The linux ones are just copied from windows: linux doesn't use directx. 96.255.72.75 (talk) 21:39, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out. I've just changed them to match the system requirements listed on the CS:S Steam page. The1337gamer (talk) 21:45, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

Abbreviation
While the abbreviation "CS:S" is commonly used by the community, the referenced source (http://store.steampowered.com/css) makes no mention of it. 24.14.112.248 (talk) 20:35, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

Reader feedback: Is there any character backg...
58.169.185.36 posted this comment on 2 February 2014 (view all feedback).

"Is there any character background info? if so, add plz"

We can add that too, I'll go through the wiki and research on the characters involved in the game.

GideonWanna talk? 07:35, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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CS Malvinas: Relevance, Importance, & Bias
I have just rewritten Counter-Strike: Source's sole enttry, which is currently about Counter-Strike: Malvinas. When I found this section, it was biased in favor of Britain and incorrectly, repeatedly insisted that this was a standalone game, not simply a map for CS:S.

I question the relevance & importance of this section altogether, and do not think it should have its own article. While the controversy and hacking may warrant a brief mention, they are not the extent of CS:S's modifications.

I think a solid way forward for the article (regardless of if we keep the Malvinas mention) would be to turn the "Modifications" section into "Notable Modifications" and list/describe common CS:S gamemodes such as gungame, kz, surf, jailbreak, etc and a separate mention for the game's huge mapping scene. Malvinas could be mentioned here, along with the controversy, though I am again not sure if it should remain at all.

Any guidance appreciated.

Kaceydotme (talk) 21:52, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Realized something like what I would like to do for CSS has been done for Garry's Mod: Garry's Mod Kaceydotme (talk) 04:47, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Counter-Strike: Source


text:
Matt Maiellaro

Matthew Gerard Maiellaro (born August 17, 1966) is an American filmmaker, musician and voice actor. He is the co-creator and writer of the cult animated Adult Swim shows, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Perfect Hair Forever, and the creator of 12 oz. Mouse.

Prior to his work on Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Maiellaro was a producer and writer for Space Ghost Coast to Coast since the show's inception in 1994. Maiellaro met friend and future writing partner, Dave Willis, when he came on as a staff writer in 1995. The two have since made a few short independent films together, most notably the live-action short A Day Off, which follows a Michael Myers puppet and documents what he does on his day off from murder.

In 2000, Maiellaro and Willis created a spin-off from Space Ghost Coast to Coast – Aqua Teen Hunger Force. Seven years later, Maiellaro and Willis released a full-length Aqua Teen Hunger Force feature film on April 13, 2007. His writing is characterized by surreal humour and at times, a total disregard for traditional forms of storytelling.

Early life and education
He is a native of Pensacola, Florida, and a graduate of Pensacola Catholic High School.

Career
One of Maiellaro's earliest jobs was answering viewer mail for TBS in the late 1980s, where he met future Adult Swim executive Mike Lazzo (who was a program administrator for TBS at the time). Soon after, Maiellaro worked as a production assistant and assistant director on full-length feature horror films in the early 1990s, such as Darkman, Basket Case 3: The Progeny, Children of the Corn II and Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth. Some non-horror films he worked on were Kleptomania, Ring of Steel, Mr. McCallister's Cigarette Holder and Ruby in Paradise.

Voice work
Maiellaro provides the voice of Err the Mooninite, the Cybernetic Ghost of Christmas Past from the Future, and other various roles on Aqua Teen Hunger Force, as well as various characters for the other Adult Swim shows he's involved with. When voice acting on Aqua Teen Hunger Force, he is sometimes credited as "The Amazing Voice of Matt Maiellaro". Maiellaro also provided the voice for Mouse Fitzgerald, the main protagonist in his series 12 oz. Mouse. Most of the time, his voice is modified through Autotune.

In 2006, Maiellaro had a cameo as a cricket in the English dub of the anime Ergo Proxy.

In 2007, after the release of the Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters, there was a fiasco between his company, the FBI and Boston Mayor Thomas Menino regarding the Boston Mooninite which caused panic in Boston due to their LED placard designs which made Boston Police Department believe that they were bombs. An Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode entitled "Boston" was produced to serve as the creator's response to the incident, but Turner Broadcasting and Cartoon Network executives canceled it to avoid further trouble. The episode was later leaked online in January 2015.

In 2011, Maiellaro was making Aqua Unit Patrol Squad 1 which was running into its 12th season, with season 13 being announced by him that year. The same year, he also announced that he is working on the Mad Libs movie with Appian Way Productions, but it was cancelled.

Music
Around 1999, Maiellaro and longtime friend Barry Mills formed the rock band Donnell Hubbard, whose music was later used in a few episodes of Sealab 2021 (notably the song "Fishin' Hole"). In the opening credits of Aqua Teen Hunger Force, graffiti can be seen that reads "Donnell Hubbard is a dead man".

Maiellaro also wrote the Squidbillies theme song, "Warrior Man". Mouse Fitzgerald, the protagonist from 12 oz. Mouse, can be seen playing metal guitar in several episodes, with Maiellaro providing the actual guitar riffs himself. A caricature of Maiellaro (voiced by Maiellaro) depicted as a Chinese food delivery boy holding an electric guitar appeared in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "Spacegate World". In the DVD special feature, "How To Score Big Writing For Television", he is shown with a red Stratocaster-type guitar, a Steinberger electric guitar, and a goldtop Gibson Les Paul. He has also been featured in Adult Swim promotional materials playing an Epiphone EDS-1275.

Other work
Maiellaro directed the animated music video for Year Long Disaster's 2008 single "Leda Atomica", and has performed live with the band in Atlanta, Georgia.

In 2012, Maiellaro wrote and released his first graphic novel entitled Knowbodys, which centers around a family whose seemingly mundane life isn't all it that seems because the parents have the power to police the supernatural world (i.e. werewolves and poltergeists). This is one of Maiellaro's few projects that uses a traditional, non-absurd structure of writing.

In 2022, a new film from Maiellaro entitled Pastacolypse was reported to be in the works at Bento Box Entertainment and would stream exclusively on Tubi. It was released on Tubi on May 22, 2023.

Filmography
Film Television

title: Matt Maiellaro


text:
USS Haddo (SS-255)

USS Haddo (SS-255), a Gato-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the haddo.

Construction and commissioning
Haddo′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 21 June 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Charles F. Russell, and commissioned on 9 October 1942.

Atlantic war patrols, April – July 1943
After conducting shakedown off New England, Haddo departed New London 9 April 1943 to patrol the shipping lanes to Rosneath, Scotland. She arrived 30 April and joined Submarine Squadron 50 (Subron 50), which was assigned to patrol off Norway and Iceland and stand ready in case of a breakthrough of the German fleet from Norway. When it became clear after three patrols that targets were scarce in this region, Haddo and her sister submarines were sent back to the United States.

Fourth–sixth war patrols, November 1943 – July 1944
Haddo returned to New London 29 July 1943 and steamed via the Panama Canal to Mare Island, Calif. Assigned to the Pacific Fleet, she reached Pearl Harbor 25 November and put to sea 14 December on her fourth war patrol, in Philippine waters. The submarine made few contacts and terminated the patrol at Fremantle, Australia, 4 February 1944.

Sailing from Fremantle 29 February, Haddo embarked on her fifth war patrol in waters off Borneo, Java, and Indochina. After a disappointing attack 8 March in which two torpedoes exploded prematurely, she made an attack on a tanker and escort 14 March which produced unconfirmed results. Moving to the Indochina coast, she sank a small craft with gunfire the night of 23 March and damaged freighter Nichian Maru 29 March before returning to Fremantle 22 April 1944.

Haddo departed Fremantle 18 May 1944 to conduct her sixth war patrol in the East Indies. After suffering an air attack off Morotai 30 May, she sighted heavy smoke and proceeded to investigate. The smoke was a lure that concealed a Japanese patrol boat. After evading this one, Haddo encountered six more of the smoking lures. Haddo sank two small craft 11 June and scouted the Tawi Tawi anchorage on 14 June. Shortly thereafter she was detected by a patrol airplane and pursued for almost 10 days. Her sixth war patrol was terminated 16 July at Fremantle.

Seventh war patrol, August – October 1944
For her seventh war patrol Haddo joined a coordinated attack group with five other submarines to cruise Philippine waters. Japanese convoys ventured into the Palawan area with strong air cover during the day, but usually anchored with escort protection for the night.

Learning from USS Harder (SS-257) that a convoy had been attacked by USS Ray (SS-271) 4 days before and trailed to Paluan Bay, the submarines closed for the attack. As the convoy headed out to sea before daylight 21 August, Ray sank one transport while the escort vessels pursued Harder. At this point Haddo entered the fray, launched six torpedoes at three targets, and dived to avoid air attack. Over one hundred depth charges churned the sea, but Haddo had already sunk cargo ships Kinryu Maru and Norfolk Maru.

Next day Haddo followed Harder in for an attack on a small convoy with escorts, and Haddo succeeded in sending escort ship Sado to the bottom. Following a lone destroyer and awaiting her opportunity. Haddo was suddenly turned upon by the Japanese ship. She launched a four-torpedo spread "down the throat" of the destroyer, which veered off and headed for Manila.

Cruising off Cape Bolinao 23 August, the submarine was about to torpedo a tanker close to shore when she detected a pursuing destroyer. With four torpedoes she ripped off the warship's bow. Haddo then maneuvered to finish off her antagonist, but her last torpedo missed. Despite the efforts of two Japanese trawlers and another destroyer, Asakaze soon sank, giving Haddo another kill.

Diverting to New Guinea to refuel and rearm, Haddo continued her seventh war patrol. She sank a sampan 8 September and 21 September found a convoy and maneuvered into position ahead of it. While turning to avoid a destroyer, Haddo lost depth control, and was not able to regain it in time to effectively attack the cargo ships. She subsequently headed for Subic Bay, and lifeguard duty, but on the way detected a hospital ship (Takasago Maru) and survey ship in company. Disregarding the former, she sent the survey ship, Katsuriki, to the bottom. On 22 September, while serving on lifeguard station in Subic Bay,"Haddo" rescued Hollis Hills, a US Navy pilot shot down by antiaircraft fire. Hills was an American who joined the Royal Canadian Air Force before the United States entered the war, after which he joined the USN. Notably, while flying an RCAF P-51 Mustang over France in 1942, he had become the first P-51 pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft.

Haddo returned to Fremantle 3 October 1944. For this outstanding patrol the submarine received the Navy Unit Commendation.

Eighth and ninth war patrols, October 1944 – July 1945
Haddo returned to the waters off Manila for her eighth war patrol. Departing Fremantle 20 October she sank oiler Hishi Maru No. 2 on 9 November, Serving as lifeguard boat for aircraft, she was credited with sinking No.3 Kyoei Maru on 6 December 1944, (but postwar accounting showed the target was only damaged) before terminating her eighth war patrol at Pearl Harbor 27 December. From there she was sent to Mare Island shipyard for much-needed repairs, arriving 5 January 1945.

Haddo departed on her ninth war patrol 16 May 1945. Cruising the East China and Yellow Seas, she attacked a convoy emerging from the fog 1 July and quickly sank a small coastal defense vessel (Type D escort ship CD-72) and cargo ship, Taiun Maru No. 1. Clearing the area, she heard automatic gunfire, and soon saw a frigate bearing down hard upon her. Haddo's skipper decided not to dive and instead turned on a parallel but opposite course, and the frigate shot by with her guns blazing. Haddo suffered little damage, and was able to avoid a companion escort and finally reach deep water. That evening she sank two sailing junks and then set course for a new station off Port Arthur. She sank a trawler 3 July, survived a furious depth charge attack by patrol vessels, and proceeded to Guam arriving 16 July 1945.

Post-war
Haddo departed on her 10th and last war patrol 10 August 1945 but it was soon terminated by the surrender of Japan. She then headed for Tokyo Bay, where she witnessed the signing of the surrender on board the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) and departed for home. Touching at Hawaii, Haddo arrived at Panama 28 September and New London 6 October 1945. Decommissioning 16 February 1946, Haddo was kept in reserve until her name was stricken from the Navy List 1 August 1958. She was sold for scrap 30 April 1959 to Luria Brothers & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

In addition to the Navy Unit Commendation, Haddo received six battle stars for her World War II service. Her fifth, seventh, eighth, and ninth war patrols were designated successful.

title: USS Haddo (SS-255)


text:
Himno de Riego

The "Himno de Riego" ("Anthem of Riego") is a song dating from the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) of Spain and named in honour of Colonel Rafael del Riego, a figure in the respective uprising, which restored the liberal constitution of 1812. The lyrics were written by Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, while the music is typically attributed to José Melchor Gomis.

It was declared the national anthem of Spain in 1822, remaining so until the overthrow of the liberal government the next year in 1823, and was also one of the popular anthems used in the First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) and, with much more prominence, the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). It continued to be used by the Second Republican government in exile until it was dissolved in 1977 upon the end of the Francoist Spanish State in 1975.

History
The "Himno de Riego" was written between 31 January and 6 February 1820 in the town of Algeciras by Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, lieutenant colonel of the flying column headed by Rafael del Riego, who had previously rejected another text by Antonio Alcalá Galiano.

It was declared the official national anthem of Spain on 7 April 1822 when the Cortes Generales approved the corresponding decree, which was signed by King Fernando VII in Aranjuez two days later and finally published in the Gaceta de Madrid on 14 April. However, the liberal government was overthrown and the constitution repealed by Fernando VII in October 1823, with the Marcha Real resuming its role as the national anthem.

In the First Republic of 1873 to 1874, part of the greater 1868–1874 Sexenio Democrático achieved by the overthrow of Isabella II in the Glorious Revolution, the anthem occupied a discreet position; the most popular anthems used at this time were "La Marseillaise" and the "Himno de Garibaldi". However, by the time of the Second Republic of 1931 to 1939, the anthem had once again gained popularity to the point of becoming the primary institutional representative of the government during this period.

Contrary to popular belief, the "Himno de Riego" was never declared the official anthem of the Second Republic. According to one opinion, it can be deduced that the republicans did not consider the 1822 declaration of the song as the national anthem superseded or repealed.

Original lyrics (1820–1823)
The following is the original version used during the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823).

First short version (1931–1939)
The following is the version used during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). It consisted of verses one, three and seven of the original version, with a few minor lyrical changes.

Second short version
The following version consists of the first and last verses of the original, with a few minor lyrical changes.

Satirical lyrics
This alternative version was extremely popular amongst Spaniards, particularly in Catalonia, during the Spanish Civil War. The rudeness of the lyrics reflects the dislike of Republican Spain for the church and the monarchy. After the war, these lyrics continued to be sung by Franco's detractors and enemies.

(Spanish) Si los curas y frailes supieran, la paliza que les van a dar, subirían al coro cantando: "¡Libertad, libertad, libertad!"

(Spanish) Si los Reyes de España supieran lo poco que van a durar, a la calle saldrían gritando: "¡Libertad, libertad, libertad!"

(Catalan) La Reina vol corona? Corona li darem... que vingui a Barcelona I el coll li tallarem!$$

(Spanish) Un hombre estaba cagando, y no tenía papel, pasó el Rey Alfonso XIII ¡Y se limpió el culo con él!  If priests and monks knew; the beating they're going to receive, they'd make a chorus and sing: "Liberty, liberty, liberty!"

If the Kings of Spain knew how little they're going to last, they'd go out on the street and sing: "Liberty, liberty, liberty!"

The queen wants a crown? We'll give her a crown... Let her come to Barcelona And we'll cut her head off!

A man was pooping But had no paper. King Alfonso XIII came by So he wiped his ass with him.

$$Spanish translation of Catalan verse ¿La reina quiere corona? Corona le daremos que venga a Barcelona ¡Y el cuello le cortaremos!

1952 Cusco Cathedral bell dedication ceremony
Che Guevara claims that, when the famous bell of the Cusco Cathedral in Peru was rededicated at the expense of the Francoist Spanish government after a 1950 earthquake, the bell was made to play the Spanish national anthem, which then erroneously played the Himno de Riego, to the consternation of attending Spanish officials.

1968 European championship controversy
On October 1, 1967, during the qualifying stage for the European championship in Prague, the "Himno de Riego" was performed by mistake instead of the then official anthem of Spain "Marcha Real".

2003 Davis Cup controversy
At the 2003 Davis Cup finals held in Australia, James Morrison performed "Himno de Riego" instead of Spain's current national anthem, the "Marcha Real" (Royal March). Australian tennis officials claimed there was an error on the CD provided to the musician, but Spanish sport authorities still issued an official protest.

title: Himno de Riego


text:
Trisha Noble

Patricia Ann Ruth Noble (3 February 1944 – 23 January 2021) was an Australian singer and actress. Initially performing as Patsy Ann Noble, she was a teenage pop singer in the early 1960s, with regular appearances on the Australian music and variety television series Bandstand. In November 1961, she released her biggest hit single, "Good Looking Boy", which reached the Top 10 in Melbourne and Top 20 in Sydney. At the 1961 Logie Awards, she won the Best Female Singer of the Year award from TV Week. By 1962, she had transferred to the United Kingdom and continued her singing career by releasing singles there.

In 1965, Noble started her television acting career, and by 1967, she was using Trisha Noble as her stage name. By the 1970s, she had relocated to the United States and had guest roles on various television series including The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Columbo, Baretta, McMillan & Wife, The Rockford Files, and Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. In 1983, Noble returned to Australia where she expanded into a career as a theatrical actress.

In 2005, Noble had a minor role in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith as Jobal Naberrie, the mother of lead character Padmé Amidala, and thus the maternal grandmother of characters Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa.

Early life and family
Patricia "Trisha" Ann Ruth Noble was born on 3 February 1944 in Marrickville and grew up in Sydney, Australia. Her father was Clarence Lancelot "Buster" Noble (1 March 1913 – 15 July 1990), a comedian and singer; her mother was Helen De Paul (born Helen McGoulrick, 1921–2007), an entertainer, singer, dancer, and comedian on the Tivoli circuit. During World War II, Buster served as a sergeant in the Waratahs Entertainment Unit in the AIF from November 1942 to January 1946. Noble has a younger sister, Amanda. In 1950, Noble appeared onstage with her parents and had her own radio programme. By age 14, she was qualified to teach ballet.

Music career
Noble rose to fame as a teenage singing star in the 1960s under the name Patsy Ann Noble. Her singing career was encouraged by Brian Henderson, the compere of the Australian version of Bandstand, where she made regular appearances. She was signed to the Australian HMV Records and released her first single "Like I'm in Love" / "I Love You So Much It Hurts" in November 1960. She became good friends with a young Peter Allen, who had formed the successful Allen Brothers with Chris Bell, and released one of his compositions "Busy Lips" in January 1961. However, it was not until Johnny Devlin, a New Zealand singer-songwriter, handed her the lyrics of "Good Looking Boy" in November 1961 that she had her first Top 10 hit in Melbourne. "Good Looking Boy" was also top 20 in Sydney, but did not chart internationally. It was released in the United Kingdom, but did not reach the Top 100.

Noble won the 'Best Female Singer of the Year' Logie Award for 1961, presented by TV Week. By December 1962, Patsy Ann had scored herself two No. 1 and four Top 10 singles in Australia. In 1962, she travelled to London where she was given a two-year contract with Columbia Records. There, she released many "girl group"-sounding pop songs including "Sour Grapes" (February 1963), "I'm Nobody's Baby" (1963), and "Accidents Will Happen" (1963), but received little commercial success – although she continued to score hits between 1963 and 1965 in Australia. In 1963, she appeared in the British musical film Live It Up! (with music produced by Joe Meek), although only in a singing role. In June 1965, Noble released "He Who Rides a Tiger" which peaked at No. 21 on the British Top 30, and No. 15 on Australia's Top 40.

During the 1960s, Noble released six albums in Australia and one in England, the most popular being The Blonde Bombshell (1961) which received an award for most outstanding vocal performance on an album.

Acting career
In the second half of the 1960s, she turned to acting and made her dramatic screen debut in a 1965 BBC television production entitled The Snowball, and soon found herself appearing on other television series, including the 1966 Danger Man episode "Not So Jolly Roger" (in which her recording "He Who Rides a Tiger" was featured), Callan (1970, "The Same Trick Twice") with Edward Woodward, and films such as Death Is a Woman (1966), in which Noble had a lead role as the femme fatale), and Carry On Camping (1969).

After 1967, Noble had changed her name to Trisha Noble in order to distance herself from her years as a teen singer. She relocated to the United States beginning in 1971 and appeared in films and television series. She guest-starred on Buck Rogers in the 25th Century as Sabrina, a superhuman thief in the episode "Cruise Ship to the Stars". In a guest appearance on The Mary Tyler Moore Show in 1976, she played a female reporter who tries to seduce Ted Baxter (Ted Knight) during the episode "Ted's Temptation". She also appeared in Up Pompeii! (series 1) as high priestess of the Vestal Virgins.

In 1975, Noble appeared in the Columbo episode "Playback", in which she meets the murderer (played by Oskar Werner) in an art gallery wearing a low-cut dress. She was cast by the director who had spotted her in a party wearing the same dress. In 1976–77, she had the ongoing role of Yvonne Holland on the soap opera Executive Suite, and appeared in the 1977 television miniseries The Rhinemann Exchange and Testimony of Two Men. In 1979, she featured on The Rockford Files as Odette Lependieu in the two-part episode "Never Send a Boy King To Do a Man's Job".

In 1980, Noble played the role of heiress Phyllis Morley in the mystery comedy film The Private Eyes starring Tim Conway and Don Knotts. Another ongoing role was as Detective Rosie Johnson on the police drama Strike Force (starring Robert Stack) on ABC in 1981–82. She also appeared in Season 4 of Hart to Hart as Laela.

Soon after Strike Force was cancelled, Noble returned to Australia in 1983 with her son Patrick because her father, Buster, was seriously ill. She re-established a career there as a theatrical actress. In 1986, she appeared in the television miniseries Body Business. In 2002, Noble filmed a small role as Padmé Amidala's mother (and thus the maternal grandmother of Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa), Jobal Naberrie, in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones which was cut from the final film – but included on the DVD release. Noble briefly reprised the role in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith in 2005. She continued to perform on the live stage and, as of 2007, appeared with the new National Music Theatre Company, Kookaburra, in their premiere season of Pippin as Berthe at the Sydney Theatre.

Death
Noble died on 23 January 2021, at the age of 76, after what was described as an 18-month battle with mesothelioma.

Discography
Note that all recordings are credited to Patsy Ann Noble, the name she used from start of her singing career.

Albums

 * Just for You (1962)
 * Hits and Rarities – The Story of Patsy Ann Noble (1997)

EP
Il Est Là Le Garçon

Label: Columbia – ESRF 1506, Présence Mondiale – ESRF 1506

Format: Vinyl, 7", EP

Country: France

Released: 1964

Tracklist
 * A1 Il Est Là Le Garçon (Heartbreak Avenue)
 * A2 Tout Ce Que Je Souhaite (Accidents Will Happen)
 * B1 C'est Drôle Les Rêves (The Proud Boy)
 * B2 Ça Pourrait Changer (Don't You Ever Change Your Mind)

Singles

 * "Like I’m in Love" (Walker & Lynn)/"I Love You So Much It Hurts" (Tillman). Recorded with orchestra under direction of Bob Young. Sydney, November 1960.
 * "Busy Lips" (Peter Allen, Chris Bell of The Allen Brothers). Recorded with The Delltones and orchestra directed by Bob Young. Sydney, January 1961.
 * "It's Always the Way" (Johnny Devlin)
 * "A Guy Who Can Mend a Broken Heart" (Lucky Starr)
 * "Good Looking Boy" (Johnny Devlin) 24 November 1961
 * "I’m Not Supposed to Know" (Johnny Ashcroft, Lorna Barry, Noel Balfour). Recorded with orchestra directed by Geoff Harvey. Sydney, 1962
 * "Oh, My Little Baby Darling (I Love You)" (Joe Halford, Jay Justin)
 * "Don’t Love and Run" (Chet Clark)
 * "I’ll Be Thinking of You" (Lorna Barry, Noel Balfour)
 * "Once in a Lifetime" (Johnny Devlin)
 * "When You Find Your True Love" (Joe Halford, Ray Swinfield)
 * "Johnny One Note" (Rodgers and Hart). Recorded with accompaniments arranged & conducted by Geoff Harvey. Sydney, 1962
 * "Moon River" (Henry Mancini)
 * "I'm Beginning to See the Light" (James, Ellington, Hodges, George)
 * "I Fall to Pieces" (Hank Cochran, Harlan Howard)
 * "Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen)
 * "Mama" (Cesare Andrea Bixio, Bruno Cherubini, Harold Barlow, Phil Brito)
 * "Put on a Happy Face" (Strouse, Adams)
 * "Johnny Sings a Love Song" (Joe Halford, Geoff Harvey)
 * "Hey, Look Me Over" (Leigh, Coleman)
 * "It Might as Well Be Spring" (Rodgers, Hammerstein)
 * "Misty" (Erroll Garner, Johnny Burke)
 * "Don’t You Ever Change Your Mind" (Bob Barrett). Recorded with Martin Slavin & His Orchestra. London, February 1963
 * "Heartbreak Avenue" (Barratt, Dutch) April 1963
 * "Sour Grapes" (Batchelor, Roberts)
 * "I’m Nobody's Baby" – Columbia DB7008, DO4364. Recorded with Martin Slavin & His Orchestra. London, 1963
 * "Accidents Will Happen" – Columbia DB7088. b/w He Tells Me With His Eyes
 * "I Did Nothing Wrong" – Columbia DB7258, DO4475. Recorded with orchestra arranged and conducted by Ivor Raymonde. London, 1963
 * "I Was Only Foolin' Myself" (Bob Barratt). Recorded with orchestra arranged and conducted by Martin Slavin. London, 1963
 * "Ordinary Love" (Slavin-Gail-Rose). Recorded with orchestra arranged and conducted by Norrie Paramor. London, 1963
 * "It's Better to Cry Today"
 * "Don’t Tell Him I Told You"
 * "He Who Rides a Tiger"
 * "Live for life" (as Trisha Noble)

title: Trisha Noble


text: User talk:206.223.103.254

title: User talk:206.223.103.254


text:
User talk:209.130.203.190

Nomination of Premeditated murder for deletion
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Nomination of Persephone (The Matrix) for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Second American Revolution

The article Second American Revolution has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Non-notable topic that maybe—maybe—deserves a sentence in the main American Revolution article"

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 02:28, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of Second American Revolution for deletion
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Nomination of Persephone (The Matrix) for deletion
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text:
Tintype

A tintype, also known as a melanotype or ferrotype, is a photograph made by creating a direct positive on a thin sheet of metal, colloquially called 'tin' (though not actually tin-coated), coated with a dark lacquer or enamel and used as the support for the photographic emulsion. It was introduced in 1853 by Adolphe Alexandre Martin in Paris, like the daguerreotype was fourteen years before by Daguerre. The daguerreotype was established and most popular by now, though the primary competition for the tintype would have been the ambrotype, that shared the same collodion process, but on a glass support instead of metal. Both found unequivocal, if not exclusive, acceptance in North America. Tintypes enjoyed their widest use during the 1860s and 1870s, but lesser use of the medium persisted into 1930s and it has been revived as a novelty and fine art form in the 21st century. It has been described as the first "truly democratic" medium for mass portraiture.

Tintypes were particularly used for portraits. They were at first usually made in a formal photographic studio, like daguerreotypes and other early types of photographs. At the time though the process like the professional were called specifically ferrotype and ferrotypist respectively (not photograph|er). Later on tintypes were most commonly made by ferrotypists working in booths, tents, or the open air at fairs and carnivals, as well as by itinerant sidewalk photographers (with carts or wagons). Because the lacquered iron support was resilient and later did not need drying, a tintype could be developed and fixed and handed to the customer only a few minutes after the picture had been taken.

The tintype saw the Civil War come and go, documenting the individual soldier and horrific battle scenes. It captured scenes from the Wild West as it was easy to produce by itinerant photographers working out of covered wagons. They captured farming families in front of their new home (house portraits), emerging towns as well as the frontier landscape, for which large plates were used.

It began losing artistic and commercial ground to higher quality albumen prints on paper in the mid-1860s, yet survived for well over another half century, living mostly as a carnival novelty. The tintype's immediate predecessor, the ambrotype, was done by the same process of using a sheet of glass as the support. The glass was either of a dark color or provided with a black backing so that, as with a tintype, the underexposed negative image in the emulsion appeared as a positive. Tintypes were sturdy and did not require mounting in a protective hard case like ambrotypes and daguerreotypes.

Technical details
There are two historic tintype processes: wet and dry. In the wet process, a collodion emulsion containing suspended silver halide crystals had to be formed on the plate just before it was exposed in the camera while still wet. Chemical treatment then reduced the crystals to microscopic particles of metallic silver in proportion to the intensity and duration of their exposure to light, resulting in a visible positive image. The later prefabricated, hence more convenient dry process was similar but used a gelatin emulsion which could be exposed in the camera dry.

In both processes, a very underexposed negative image was produced in the emulsion. Its densest areas, corresponding to the lightest parts of the subject, appeared gray by reflected light. The areas with the least amount of silver, corresponding to the darkest areas of the subject, were essentially transparent and appeared black when seen against the dark background provided by the lacquer. The image as a whole therefore appeared to be a dull-toned positive. This ability to employ underexposed images allowed shorter exposure times to be used, a great advantage in portraiture.

To obtain as light-toned an image as possible, potassium cyanide was normally employed as the photographic fixer. It was perhaps the most acutely hazardous of all the several highly toxic chemicals originally used in this and many other early photographic processes. To overcome the uniqueness of each picture multi-lensed cameras and single-lens cameras with a movable back holding the plate were invented. Three men from Boston are to name here. John Roberts first made use of multiple lenses, mounting as many as 32 of them on one camera. A twelve-lensed camera for example, developed in 1858, made a dozen 3/4 x so-called "gem" portraits with one exposure. A patent for a movable plate holder was registered by Albert S. Southworth in 1855. In 1860 both methods were combined in patents by Simon Wing, who promoted these cameras successfully and tried to enforce licensing, but failed with the Supreme Court ruling his patents invalid due to their use prior to his patents. Portrait sizes ranged from gem-size to 11 x. From about 1865 to 1910, the most popular size, called "Bon-ton", ranged from 2+3/8 x to 4 x.

Each tintype is usually a camera original, so the image is usually a mirror image, reversed left to right from reality. Sometimes the camera was fitted with a mirror or right-angle prism so that the result would be right-reading.

History
The process was first described by Adolphe-Alexandre Martin in France in 1853. In 1856 it was patented by Hamilton Smith in the United States and by William Kloen in the United Kingdom. It was first called melainotype, then ferrotype by V. M. Griswold of Ohio, a rival manufacturer of the iron plates, then finally tintype.

Ambrotype as a precursor
The ambrotype was the first use of the wet-plate collodion process as a positive image. Such collodion glass positives had been invented by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851. Although it is a widely held belief James Ambrose Cutting might have named the process after himself, in actuality, "ambrotype" was first coined by Marcus Aurelius Root, a well known daguerreotypist, in his gallery as documented in the 1864 book The Camera and the Pencil.

The tintype was essentially a variant of the ambrotype, replacing the latter's glass plate with a thin sheet of japanned iron (hence ferro). Ambrotypes often exhibit some flaking of their black back coating, cracking or detachment of the image-bearing emulsion layer, or other deterioration, but the image layer on a tintype has proven to be typically very durable, although the iron support might oxidize at its corners.

Success of the tintype
Compared to their most important predecessor, the daguerreotype, tintypes were not only very inexpensive, they were also relatively easy and quick to make. A photographer could prepare, expose, develop and varnish a tintype plate and have it ready for the customer in a few minutes. Although early tintypes were sometimes mounted in protective ornamental cases, like daguerreotypes and ambrotypes, uncased tintypes in simple paper mats were popular from the beginning. They were often transferred into the precut openings provided in book-like photograph albums like the later prints on cardboard.

One or more hardy, lightweight, thin tintypes could be carried conveniently in a jacket pocket. They became very popular in the United States during the American Civil War. Although prints on paper (see cartes de visite and cabinet cards) soon displaced them as the most common type of photograph, the tintype process continued to enjoy considerable use throughout the 19th century and beyond, especially for casual portraiture by novelty and street photographers. In contrast to the considerable amount of manuels, books and articles in journals on the different photographic processes, they were seldomly treating the ferrotype. Whereas Edward M. Estabrooke stated in his almost unique extensive monograph The Ferrotype and How to Make It, published in 1872, that the amount of ferrotypes taken would probably surmount the production of all other techniques combined. His book and the introduction of low cost variants known as "Gem ferrotypes" and the invention of the photo booth in 1888, helped to sustain the tintype's longevity.

Contemporary usage
John Coffer, as profiled in a 2006 New York Times article, travels by horse-drawn wagon creating tintypes.

In 2013, California Air National Guard member and artist Ed Drew took the first tintypes in a war zone since the Civil War, when he photographed Air Force pilots serving in the Afghan War.

The contemporary photographer Victoria Will created a series of tintypes of Hollywood stars at the 2014 and 2015 Sundance Film Festivals, including portraits of Anne Hathaway, Nick Cave, and Ewan McGregor. The portraits were later published as a book.

Organisations such as the penumbra foundation still continue to use this technique, offering tintype photography sessions. Their work has been featured in the New York Times.

Gallery
Different utilizations and genres of ferrotype and their settings, arranged chronologically.

title: Tintype


text: User talk:80.58.19.107

title: User talk:80.58.19.107


text:
Monrad Wallgren

Monrad Charles Wallgren (April 17, 1891 – September 18, 1961) was an American politician who served as the 13th governor of Washington from 1945 to 1949, as well as representing that state in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

Wallgren, of Swedish descent, was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1891. His family moved to Texas in 1894 and then to Everett, Washington in 1901. He attended public schools and business college in Everett, graduating from the Washington State School of Optometry in Spokane, Washington in 1914. He worked in retail jewelry and optometry from 1915 to 1932, as well as serving in the Washington National Guard from 1917 to 1919 and 1921 to 1922. He was an outstanding player of carom billiards.

In 1932, Wallgren ran for election to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat. He defeated incumbent Republican Albert Johnson, and took office in the 73rd United States Congress on March 4, 1933. Near the end of his fourth term in 1940, Wallgren ran for United States Senate to replace fellow Democrat Lewis B. Schwellenbach, who was retiring to accept a judicial nomination. Wallgren won the election, and was also appointed to finish the rest of Schwellenbach's term. He took office on December 19, 1940.

While Wallgren served portions of two different terms (the end of Schwellenbach's and the one that Wallgren was elected to), he served less than 6 years in the Senate. In 1944, he successfully ran for Governor of Washington against incumbent Republican Arthur B. Langlie, resigning from the Senate on January 9, 1945 to serve as governor from then until 1949. He was defeated for re-election as governor by Langlie in 1948, and was nominated by President Harry Truman as the chairman of the National Security Resources Board. That nomination was later withdrawn, and Wallgren served on the Federal Power Commission in 1950 and 1951. He then retired from public service.

In 1961, Wallgren died of complications resulting from a traffic accident.

title: Monrad Wallgren


text:
Craig Levein

Craig William Levein (born 22 October 1964) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who is currently the manager of Scottish Premiership club St Johnstone.

During his playing career he played for Cowdenbeath and Heart of Midlothian, making over 300 league appearances for Hearts until he was forced to retire due to injury. He also won 16 caps for Scotland and was part of their 1990 FIFA World Cup squad.

After retiring as a player Levein became a manager, working at club level for Cowdenbeath, Heart of Midlothian, Leicester City, Raith Rovers and Dundee United. Levein was appointed Scotland manager in 2009, but he left this position after the team failed to win any of its first four matches in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification. He returned to Hearts in 2014 as director of football, then served as their manager from August 2017 to October 2019. After a spell advising Brechin City, Levein was appointed St Johnstone manager in November 2023.

Early career
Levein was born in Dunfermline and attended Inverkeithing High School, where he was in the football team alongside another future Scottish international footballer, Gordon Durie. He was a supporter of Raith Rovers. His early football career saw him turn out for Dalgety Bay, Leven Royals and Inverkeithing under-16s. At the age of 15, however, he gave up football for a year, only resuming when his brother, who played for junior club Lochore Welfare invited him to training there. Levein subsequently signed for Lochore and after trials with several senior clubs he finally joined Cowdenbeath in 1981. He quickly established himself in the first team and soon became a target for larger clubs.

Hearts
In 1983, he moved to Heart of Midlothian for a fee of £40,000 and soon found himself a regular place in their first team. Levein won the SPFA Young Player of the Year award in 1985 and 1986, becoming the first player to retain the title. In the latter season Hearts chased a league and cup double. Two goals in the last 10 minutes of the season by Albert Kidd gave Hearts their first league defeat in 31 games, which handed the league title to Celtic. Levein missed that game through illness. He returned to the Hearts team the following week in the 1986 Scottish Cup Final, which Hearts lost 3–0 to Aberdeen.

1986 brought further woe for the young Levein when he picked up a serious knee injury in a reserve team game against Hibernian. The injury was to change his life. He had a recurrence of the injury in 1988 when he collapsed unchallenged in a game against Rangers and spent a second year out of the game.

It was not just injuries that kept Levein from playing during his time at Hearts: he was given a 12-game ban after punching, and breaking the nose of, Hearts teammate Graeme Hogg during a pre-season friendly against Raith Rovers.

Levein was forced to retire from playing in 1997, due to another serious knee injury. He made 401 appearances for Hearts.

Scotland
He made his Scotland debut in March 1990, a 1–0 win against reigning world champions, Argentina, at Hampden Park and played well enough to earn a place in Scotland's 1990 World Cup squad. Levein won 16 caps for the Scotland national team.

Coaching and managerial career
After being forced into retirement as a player, Levein had coaching positions at Hearts and at Livingston. In November 1997 he was appointed as manager of Cowdenbeath and turned a struggling team into one that could challenge for promotion. Cowdenbeath were promoted in 2001, but Levein had left in December 2000 to take over as manager at Hearts.

Hearts manager
His time in charge of Hearts was successful, where he guided them to third place in the SPL in two successive seasons and thus into European competition. He was the first manager to take Hearts into Europe in successive seasons since the 1960s.

Leicester City
His impressive record in Scotland caught the attention of Leicester City, who appointed Levein as manager on 29 October 2004. However, after a poor start to the 2005–06 season, which left the club third from bottom in the Championship relegation zone, he was sacked as manager on 25 January 2006.

Raith Rovers
Levein was appointed as manager of his boyhood heroes, Scottish Second Division club Raith Rovers, on 5 September 2006, on a non-contract basis. However, after Dundee United parted company with Craig Brewster, Levein left his non-contract role at Raith Rovers to take up the job at Tannadice.

Dundee United
He was unveiled to the press on 30 October 2006. Levein guided United to four successive home victories, earning him 'Manager of the Month' for November 2006, later repeating the award in March 2007 and again in October 2007. On 21 January 2008 he was appointed Director of Football at the club, giving him a seat on the Board of Directors in addition to his existing managerial responsibilities. In August 2008, he was fined £5000 by the SFA for accusing a referee (Mike McCurry) of bias after a game against Rangers.

During his tenure, United regularly finished in the top half of the Scottish Premier League. The club reached the 2008 Scottish League Cup Final, which United led twice before losing to Rangers on a penalty shootout. Levein signed a new contract with United in December 2008, but he left the job in December 2009 to become Scotland national football team manager. United went on to win the 2009–10 Scottish Cup under his successor Peter Houston, who had been Levein's assistant. Levein overhauled the club's youth system, which subsequently brought through players such as Ryan Gauld and John Souttar.

Scotland manager
On 23 December 2009, Levein left Dundee United to become the new Scotland manager. He agreed to a $5 1/2$-year deal. Scotland won 1–0 in his first match in charge, a friendly against the Czech Republic, with the goal coming from Celtic captain Scott Brown. However, his second game in charge would not be as successful, with Scotland going down 3–0 to Sweden on 12 August 2010. This was also followed by a disappointing 0–0 draw with Lithuania and an unconvincing 2–1 victory over Liechtenstein in the first two Euro 2012 qualifying matches.

Levein dropped in-form striker Kenny Miller and played an ultra-defensive 4–6–0 against Czech Republic in their third game. The match ended in a 1–0 defeat, with Levein attracting criticism for his negative tactics. Levein later said that he had adopted the formation after seeing Russian club Rubin Kazan achieve a good result against FC Barcelona with that approach. He also conceded that he perhaps should not have done this without knowing the players well, early in his tenure as manager.

In the following game, against World and European champions Spain, Levein adopted a more conventional 4–5–1 formation with Miller in attack. Scotland lost 2–3 despite coming back from 0–2 down to draw level at 2–2. Scotland then beat Faroe Islands 3–0 in a friendly where Levein gave seven debuts due to 9 withdrawals from the initial squad. Scotland won the first two matches of the 2011 Nations Cup with ease, beating Northern Ireland 3–0 and Wales 3–1. The Scots lost 1–0 to the Republic of Ireland in their third game, meaning that the Republic won the tournament.

In order to reach the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-offs, Scotland realistically needed to beat the Czech Republic in their next qualifier. The match ended in a 2–2 draw, after two late controversial penalty kick decisions by Dutch referee Kevin Blom both went against Scotland. 1–0 wins in the next two qualifiers against Lithuania and Liechtenstein kept their chances mathematically alive, but a 3–1 defeat by Spain coupled with the Czech Republic winning in Lithuania eliminated Scotland.

For the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Scotland were drawn into UEFA qualifying Group A with Belgium, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Wales. Preparations started with a 1–1 draw in Slovenia, but the team suffered a 5–1 defeat by the United States in May. Scotland bounced back with a 3–1 friendly win against Australia in August. Levein attracted criticism for selecting Ian Black for that match, despite him playing in the fourth-tier Scottish Third Division. Levein had previously said that it would be "very difficult" for any player to go from playing in the Third Division to an international match, and had left out Lee Wallace for that reason. Black received a mixed reception when he appeared as a late substitute, with some sections of the crowd booing him.

Levein stated his belief that Scotland were capable of winning all of their qualifying games, but the first two matches ended in home draws against Serbia and Macedonia. Levein was again criticised for adopting negative tactics. Levein then recalled Steven Fletcher and Kris Commons, but Scotland fell to two away defeats against Wales and Belgium, which left the Scots bottom of Group A with only 2 points from 4 games. He was relieved of his duties on 5 November 2012, following talks with the Scottish Football Association.

Return to Hearts
Levein returned to Hearts in May 2014, as he was appointed director of football by new owner Ann Budge. In that role, Levein oversaw the appointments of Robbie Neilson and Ian Cathro as head coach of Hearts. Four weeks after Cathro was sacked in August 2017, Levein was appointed first team manager. He signed a three-year contract as manager, while also continuing as director of football.

Levein was sacked as Hearts manager and director of football on 31 October 2019, although he was retained in an advisory role until May 2020.

Brechin City
During the 2020–21 season Levein worked for BBC Scotland as a pundit. He joined Brechin City as an advisor to their board of directors in June 2021, shortly after their relegation to the Highland League.

St Johnstone
Levein returned to management in November 2023 with St Johnstone.

Player

 * Hearts
 * Scottish Cup runner-up: 1985–86
 * Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year: 1985, 1986

Manager

 * Dundee United
 * SPL Manager of the Month: November 2006, March 2007, October 2007, November 2009
 * Scottish League Cup runner-up: 2007–08

 * Hearts
 * SPL Manager of the Month: December 2001, April 2003
 * Scottish Premiership Manager of the Month: August 2018
 * Scottish Cup runner-up: 2018–19

title: Craig Levein


text: User talk:63.230.254.195

title: User talk:63.230.254.195


text: User talk:198.168.48.22

title: User talk:198.168.48.22


text: User talk:81.96.64.184

title: User talk:81.96.64.184


text: Category:Towns in Tyne and Wear

title: Category:Towns in Tyne and Wear


text:
Nebari

Nebari may refer to:
 * In bonsai aesthetics, the surface roots flaring from the base of a tree
 * The fictional Nebari alien race from the Farscape universe

title: Nebari


text:
Talk:Verdun, Quebec

Earlier comments
Verdun is located in the heart of confusion. Criminals, miscreants and hard-core gangsters like Al Capone, Baby Face Casey, Usher and Li'l Tabbetha have the place on lock-down--trafficking drugs, exploiting under-aged sluts and doing graffitis all about the walls. Hide your wallets upon the approach--evil, devilish sinners infest the grounds. Poopy hound house diamonds show that furious wives eat so much asparagus that in time theyre own fetus' will turn to a burnt mush of troy. --198.168.48.22 17:45, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Answers.com
why is this page identical to the verdun page on answers.com? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.68.21.51 (talk • contribs)
 * Answers.com is a mirror of Wikipedia. It would be more correct to say that the Answers.com page is identical to the Wikipedia page! --NeoNerd 13:37, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move

Requested move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Verdun, Quebec. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 20:48, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Support. I second the motion. MTLskyline (talk) 18:37, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The city with the same name in France
Is this city named after the one in France? If so, it should be included in the article. Bourquie (talk) 08:19, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

 * As is mentioned in the article, it's not named for Verdun in northeastern France, but for Saverdun in southwestern France, where its founder was from. - Montréalais (talk) 15:39, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Note on writing "île des Sœurs"
Note that the French name of Nuns' Island is written differently depending on whether you are talking about the island or the district. The island is called "île des Sœurs" and the district is called "L'Île-des-Sœurs", with article, capital, and hyphens. "Île-des-Sœurs" is not correct for either the island or the district. - Montréalais (talk) 15:39, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Streets or Avenues
We in Verdun refer to Verdun Avenue and Church Avenue not Streets. It is also Lasalle Boulevard. 2600:6C65:7E3F:A1AA:5804:577E:7859:5403 (talk) 19:49, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Verdun, Quebec


text:
Wikipedia talk:U.S. Northern wikipedians' notice board/USNCOTW

Could we just change this to U.S. colloboration of the week. I'm really not sure the Northeastern U.S. needs to be separated out, and I think there's a lot more to focus on if we extend the reach of this COTW...

jengod 17:48, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * No. America is a very big country, and the South is unique enough to have its own. I mean, I don't think the North has had folklore and the like. Mike H 10:45, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Northern?
Judging by the map, this should be northeastern. States not included on the map: Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota and Michigan have boundaries that reach farther north than Maine. Culturally, if this is to include North v. South (i.e. Civil War), then it should include the Upper Midwest states. D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 00:21, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Scope
I see that Falphin's rejuvenation of this page has set it unambiguously to include both the Midwest and the Northeast, being the somewhat archaic Civil War definition of "the North". Should these stay together? I'm not sure myself, mainly because I am reluctant to spread this too thin.--Pharos 19:44, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe they stay together until a midwest section is created. I was using the Northern United States definition the previous was Northeastern United States. While in time if the North and South are successful I would support removing the Mid-Western States and creating a new Mid-West COTW but I believe we should wait to see if the two work first. Falphin 21:05, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds reasonable to me. Let's just focus on getting a few articles written... +sj  +  10:55, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Return of the North!
I think the History of Ohio is doing alright atm; we should at least turn over the COTW, whether or not lots of people manage to work on it. +sj +  10:55, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Beer & brewery notability criteria discusion document
A discussion document has been opened up. WikiProject Beer/Notability Criteria. Please put in your views either on the main page or on the attached talk page. SilkTork 17:56, 12 July 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Tintype

The ferrotype, also called the melainotype or tintype, was America's first major contribution to the art of photography. It superceded the ambrotype by the end of the Civil War and went on to become 19th-Century America's favorite quick picture.

It was made the same way as the ambrotype, except that a thin piece of black enameled, or japanned, iron was used in place of glass. Like the ambrotype, the image is reversed.

Ferrotypes were made from thumbnail size to as large as 11" x 14". With the introduction of multi-lensed cameras with sliding backs in the early 1860's, the more typical small sizes were made in volume. These were usually mounted in card mounts of the then popular cart-de-viste size. Made on a metal plate and with a varnished surface, ferrotypes have proven very durable.

Although their popularity waned in the early 20th century, there were street vendors still selling portraits un til th 1950's.

Tintype
The name the world knows it by is tintype. It was first called a melainotype, then ferrotype (by a rival manufacturer of the iron plates used), but the world knows them as tintypes (William Welling, Photography in America, Page 117).--Persianhistory2008 09:09, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

Naomi Rosenblum's 'A World History of Photography' (3rd edition), New York, London, Paris: Abbeville Press, 1997 states that the tintype was invented in 1853 in France, not in 1856 in America. Wikipedia's page on tintypes obviously needs to be reviewed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.54.4.23 (talk) 22:54, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Image composition
The article currently states "the image, in gelatin-silver emulsion on the varnished surface,".

Is this correct? Surely it's a collodion-based process, not gelatine, and the varnish is over the image? Sorry, I can't check/correct myself since my reference books are boxed. MarkMLl (talk) 08:15, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

No it is not correct. Tintypes used the wet plate collodion process on an iron plate covered with some black stuff. Ambrotypes were simply glass collodion negatives mounted in a frame against a black background.

Article needs to be compressed and all the claims as to one process superceding another is irrelevant. Especially as people are producing tintypes today. RPSM (talk) 23:54, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Example
Why is not Billy the Kids tintype picture used as an example of tintype photos? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Billykid.jpg --Bjs5005 (talk) 10:23, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

reference
http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/tintype.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by RPSM (talk • contribs) 16:29, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

The wet plate collodion process
The wet plate collodion process produces: 1) wet plate glass negatives that are printed to make paper prints 2) as the collodion wet plate negative looks positive against a black background, mounting the collodion negative against a black background prduced an ambrotype 3) tintypes were the same as ambrotypes except that the support was metal with a black asphalt layer. They are not all different processes; they are one and the same process. RPSM (talk) 20:13, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Image question
I am curious as to whether the tintype of the infant is a memorial image, i.e. made of a recently deceased infant? The baby seems to be very flaccid, eyes closed, and memorial photos were very common, especially of someone who had never been photographed in life; hence the question. See: Post-mortem photography 207.69.137.27 (talk) 00:45, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Memorial images are common but i don't think they were in the african american community at that time, it's the first one i've seen. Is the child in fact dead? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.26.72.143 (talk) 20:30, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

 * That baby looked very dead. Perhaps the image could be removed? Or maybe I'm just being too sensitive. Cloak'  01:23, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

Tin?
The article is clear that there is no tin used in the process, but less clear why the name "tintype" is used. I presume it's derived from the use of the iron plate, which is sometimes referred to as "tin" (for example, in tin can, tinware and tinsmith) from the early use of tin coatings as rust protection (tinplate). It would be nice to have a referenced mention of the source of the name in the article, though. -- 71.35.100.68 (talk) 19:42, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

Camera Images are Not Reversed Left-to-Right
At the end of the Technical Details section, the article says "Each tintype is usually a camera original, so the image is usually a mirror image, reversed left to right from reality. Sometimes the camera was fitted with a mirror or right-angle prism so that the end result would be right-reading." This isn't true; a lens produces an upside-down image but not an image reversed left-to-right. A camera original image, as from Polaroid cameras (and in fact most cameras sold) simply has to be turned 180 degrees, e.g., right-sid-up. A reversed image is one that has seen an odd number of mirror (including prism backplane mirror) reflections. A camera original in which the image is focused by the lens with not reflections is not reversed.

I can understand the error because waist-level viewers see an image that is reversed left-to-right, which use a ground glass or other focusing medium. Light from the lens is reflected by a reflex mirror onto a horizontal viewing/focusing screen, and the mirror is flipped up to actually take the photographs.

An SLR [|roof pentaprism] is designed to again reverse the image left-to-right by arranging for three reflections between the focusing screen and the horizontal eye level view/focus eyepiece.

Rather than simply delete the last paragraph of the Technical Details section, I would like to understand better what the author was conveying so that I could correct the paragraph and capture the intended meaning. -motorfingers- 02:30, 28 May 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Motorfingers (talk • contribs)

Not so. Tintype images ARE mirror images. See literature generally. As an example see (terrible image but it contains some writing that is reversed). The Polaroid analogy is wrong as you peel off the polaroid positive and look at it from the other side. Davidnugget (talk) 14:14, 11 December 2019 (UTC)

Removed 'Ferrotyping'
Because it has nothing at all to do with the tintype, or the ferrotype, I have removed the following section, which could instead be a link with a disclaimer, since the distinction does need to be made.

"Ferrotyping" Ferrotyping is a still current, finishing treatment applied to ordinary photographic prints made on glossy photographic paper to bring out its reflective properties. Newly processed, still-wet photographic prints and enlargements that have been made on glossy-type paper are squeegeed onto a polished metal plate called a ferrotyping plate. When they dry and split off due to slight shrinkage, they retain a highly reflective gloss. This is not an image-forming technique, despite the name being the same as for the old process. Jamesmcardle(talk) 00:32, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

American Gem
Tiny headshots in the form of tintypes were merchandised, with albums in which to collect them, as a cheap alternative to cartes de visite under the name 'American Gem' even here in Australia - detail on that could be added here. Jamesmcardle(talk) 00:40, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Rating
This article is still pretty undeveloped - I can't see why it is rated 'C'. The tintype has become a bit of a rage amongst a new generation of photographers...it seems for its 'grungy' qualities, so a better treatment of the topic and better accuracy is warranted given the resulting 5,500 pageviews in 30 days. Jamesmcardle(talk) 00:44, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tintype


text:
User:Hi332211-

I AM EVIL!!!!!

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JOIN MY VANDELIZING CLUB!!!!!

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title: User:Hi332211-


text:
Frederic C. Williams

Sir Frederic Calland Williams, (26 June 1911 – 11 August 1977), known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology.

Education
Williams was born in Romiley, Stockport, and educated at Stockport Grammar School. He gained a scholarship to study engineering at the University of Manchester where he was awarded Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees. He was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1936 for research carried out as a postgraduate student of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Research and career
Working at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), Williams was a substantial contributor during World War II to the development of radar.

In 1946 he was appointed as head of the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Manchester. There, with Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, he built the first electronic stored-program digital computer, the Manchester Baby.

Williams is also recognised for his invention of the Williams tube, an early memory device. He supervised the research of his PhD students Richard Grimsdale and Tom Kilburn.

Awards and honours
Williams was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1950. His nomination reads

Personal life
Williams died in Manchester in 1977, aged 66.

title: Frederic C. Williams


text:
User talk:Samantha Morrison

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Samantha Morrison