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Companion parrot

A companion parrot is a parrot kept as a pet that interacts abundantly with its human counterpart. Generally, most species of parrot can make excellent companions, but must be carefully managed around other common pet species like dogs, cats and children as they might be hostile towards them. Species of parrots that are kept as companions include large parrots, such as amazons, greys, cockatoos, eclectus, hawk-headed parrots, and macaws; (Species include hybrids like the Catalina macaw) mid-sized birds, such as caiques, conures, quakers, cockatiels, Pionus, Poicephalus, rose-ringed parakeets, and rosellas; and many of the smaller types, including Budgies, brotogeris, parakeets, lovebirds, parrotlets and lineolated parakeets.

Some species of lories and lorikeets are kept as pets but are quite messy, and often more popular as aviary birds. Hanging parrots and fig parrots are normally kept as aviary birds and not as pets. Some species as pygmy parrots and kākāpōs, night parrots, and about half of the species of parrotlet, are not considered companion parrots due to difficult dietary requirements or unavailability.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (also known as CITES) has made the trapping and trade of all wild parrots illegal, because taking parrots from the wild has endangered or reduced some of the rarer or more valuable species. However, many parrot species are still common; some abundant parrot species may still be legally killed as crop pests in their native countries.

Maintenance
With the right home, parrots have the potential to make excellent, highly interactive, affectionate, and entertaining pets prized by their owners, but should not be considered easy care or low-maintenance pets. Tame companion parrots require daily attention and interaction with their owners, and need to be housed in a cage at least large enough to allow the bird to spread its wings and move about comfortably. Companion parrots also need to be fed a diet that includes fresh vegetables and fruits, and a smaller amount of seeds and grains; dietary requirements vary with species and activity level.

Other elements essential to a companion parrot's well-being include appropriate toys to chew up and play with; veterinary care; and social time out of the cage whenever possible—preferably on play gyms or other out-of-cage perches. The larger parrots can be expensive to care for, messy, destructive, and loud, and some individuals may exhibit some aggressive behaviors during adolescence. Like dogs, parrots require some amount of basic training and proper early socialization to mature into good companions. Their intelligence means parrots learn new behaviors—both good and bad—easily.

Many birds end up having to be rehomed because their owners did not realize the level of care required when they purchased the bird, did not understand how loud they can be, or did not understand how to properly socialize and train their bird. This is especially true for macaws and other species with dramatic, beautiful colouring, as well as cockatoos due to their intensely affectionate demeanor. These traits unfortunately make them tempting impulse purchases, leading to hundreds of macaws and cockatoos being put up for adoption.

Pellets and formulated diets
In more recent years, pellets or formulated diets have become very popular, especially in the US. They offer an advantage over a seed-based diet in that a parrot cannot pick out and eat only its favorite (usually fatty) seeds. The majority of avian veterinarians will recommend a pelleted or formulated diet, and will extensively discuss with owners what their bird should and should not eat. However, although these offer an easy alternative to other foods, they are not the best for many species. Many pellets contain artificial food dyes and preservatives that may be harmful; however there are "no-color-added" options available on the market.

Most pellets contain soy, which is not a part of a parrot's natural diet; however, the diet of wild parrots cannot be replicated in captivity. Avian veterinarians and nutritionists agree the pelleted and formulated diets are the best base diet for pet birds. Although pellets may be advertised as a "complete diet," there are dozens of species of parrots commonly kept as pets, all with varying nutritional needs. There are still many birds which develop problems such as vitamin toxicity, fatty liver disease or gout, despite being on a pelleted diet.

A common mistake made by owners feeding pellets is over-supplementing them with fresh food. As a pellet is, essentially, a supplemented grain, supplementing them even more "dilutes" the diet, making the pellets less efficient and the diet unbalanced. The best diet for a bird should be determined by an avian veterinarian.

Additional diet requirements
While a wild diet can never be replicated, it can be used as a guide for a companion parrot’s diet. One aspect that can be mimicked is the variety of foods in the diet. Parrots in the wild spend a lot of time being active, flying and searching for food. In captivity, parrots spend much less energy daily, so the bird will need less food. Because of this, foods with a high-fat content (such as fatty seeds) should be fed sparingly, since a companion parrot does not get the amount of exercise to necessitate such a high-fat diet. Adding some variety to the parrot's diet not only adds nutritional value but also enrichment for the mind.

Adding fresh fruit and vegetables
Fresh fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals and are an important addition to a pelleted diet. Raw fruits and vegetables are most suitable, if thoroughly rinsed before feeding them to the parrot. Canned produce has a high-salt content and also requires rinsing before serving to the bird. Cooking the produce removes some of the nutrition. Companion parrots enjoy a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, lists of which are often found on the internet.

Foods to limit or avoid
Some foods (including some fruits and vegetables) are toxic to parrots and should never be fed to them. All fruit pits and seeds, any part of an avocado, chocolate, caffeine and alcohol should never be given to parrots. Other foods are not necessarily toxic, but should only be given in a limited capacity. Two examples of this are garlic and onion. Another food to be limited is dairy products. Parrots cannot digest lactose and can have digestive problems if given too much dairy. Owners are instructed to give dairy products as a treat and only sparingly. While companion parrots can enjoy many of the foods that their human caretakers eat, foods that are too high in salt, fat or sugar can cause health problems and lead to poor diet and nutrition if given to parrots too regularly.

As pets

Parrots can be very rewarding pets to the right owners, due to their intelligence and desire to interact with people. Many parrots are very affectionate, even cuddly with trusted people, and require a lot of attention from their owners constantly. Some species have a tendency to bond to one or two people, and dislike strangers, unless they are regularly and consistently handled by different people. Properly socialized parrots can be friendly, outgoing and confident companions.

When tame, parrots may allow and appreciate petting and cuddling from their owner; however, in certain circumstances, such as petting the back and beneath the wings (in the wild, only the bird's mate will touch a parrot in this manner), the bird may misinterpret this physical contact as sexual behaviour. This may then lead to unwanted hormonal aggression, nesting behaviour and chronic egg laying in pet birds.

Most pet parrots take readily to trick training. Trick training can also help to redirect a bird's energy and prevent or correct many behavior problems. Some owners successfully use well behaved parrots as therapy animals. Some owners have trained their parrots to wear parrot harnesses (most easily accomplished with young birds) so that they can be taken to enjoy themselves outdoors in a relatively safe manner without the risk of flying away. Parrots are prey animals and even the tamest pet may fly off if spooked.

Although parrots can be messy pets—often throwing food and damaging furniture with their beaks if they can—most parrots may be potty trained to some extent and are generally odorless; however, certain species of Amazona and Pionus have a distinctive odor most owners find pleasant. Most parrot species, with some notable exceptions, are relatively good pets for most pet allergy sufferers. However, all the species of white cockatoos produce large quantities of dust from their powder down feathers, which may be problematic for people with allergies. Cockatiels, rose-breasted cockatoos, and greys also produce smaller amounts of feather dust.

Behavior
Different species (sometimes even different individuals within species) can vary greatly in temperament, noise, and talking ability. For example, Pionus parrots generally have a reserved stance, while at the other end, large cockatoos need at least several hours of attention daily. The upbringing and genetic inclination of an individual bird plays a major role in determining its disposition, regardless of species.

Many of the larger parrots are unsuitable in an apartment setting due to noise level. Although all parrots will make some noise, species that are generally less noisy include parrotlets, budgies, cockatiels, Pyrrhura conures, Pionus, caiques, greys, and usually Poicephalus. Many of the other species of conures can be loud birds. Cockatoos, and many macaws and amazon parrots can be very loud, though normally only at certain times of the day and some birds will learn to scream for attention.

Many people are initially attracted to parrots for their ability to talk, sing, and mimic noises they are exposed to. Some parrot species such as greys, eclectus, quaker parrots, male budgies, and some species of amazon parrots, macaws, and Psittacula are frequently good talkers and mimickers, although there is no guarantee that any individual parrot will talk. Many parrots learn to use words in context; for example, calling family members by name, or requesting certain food items by name. Other species are poor talkers, but popular for their affectionate or playful personalities.

Budgies, cockatiels, lovebirds, and parrotlets have been bred in captivity the longest and are popular and readily available in many color mutations; by some definitions they are domesticated. These species make up the vast majority of individual parrots kept as pets. Although small parrots are generally much easier to care for than larger species, they are still intelligent birds who need attention and interaction. Budgies have been bred as pets for over 150 years, exist in two distinct breeds (American and English), and generally have excellent pet qualities. Many new owners are surprised at how affectionate and interactive even these small parrots can be once they are tamed.

Parrots need a cage large enough to exercise in, stretch their wings, and climb if it will not be out for a good part of the day. Without exercise, parrots tend to become obese and unhealthy.

Toys (enrichment) are necessary for pet parrots. Different birds may have very different toy preferences. Toys should be sized appropriately for the bird's size and destructiveness; for example, a small plastic budgie toy could be dangerous for a large parrot that could break off and ingest a piece. Some birds may prefer wooden toys to chew up; some may prefer bells or other toys that make noise; some may prefer toys with leather strips they can untie; some may prefer a bowl of small 'foot toys' they can throw around. Some birds may destroy their toys quickly. Although commercial bird toys can be expensive, it is possible for owners to save money by making their own toys and providing other items such as cardboard, blocks of wood, pine cones, or freshly cut branches from non-toxic trees for a parrot to chew on and play with.

Parrots use their hooked beaks to help them to climb around, as well as to shell seeds and nuts. It is normal for a parrot to use its beak to explore and to get around; it is common, for example, for a parrot to rest its beak on a person's hand to steady itself as it steps up. Many parrots also like to gently beak or attempt to preen their owner's hands. However, even tame parrots can bite humans, particularly if confused or frightened, so it is wise to keep larger birds caged around small children they are not familiar with. Large parrots such as macaws and cockatoos have powerful beaks they use for crushing large nuts.

It is generally not recommended to have any large parrot on the shoulder, because it is difficult to observe the parrot there for warning signs prior to a bite, and it is also easier for a parrot to slip and bite to catch itself. A large parrot bite to the face can do severe damage and destroy the trust between owner and bird. Often bites are not intentional; for example, if the bird slips from the owner's shoulder, it is likely to try to grab the nearest thing to hold on to, which may well be an ear or part of the owner's face.

Household settings

While many parrot species do well with well-behaved children, and can be excellent family pets, they are generally not a good child's pet due to their potential lifespan and care required. Parrots require consistent daily care and attention and are also longer lived than most other companion animals. Lifespans range from around 15 years for a budgie or lovebird, to 20–30 years for a cockatiel or small conure, up to 80 to 100 years for amazons and macaws—although a more reasonable lifespan for larger parrots is estimated at 50–60 years.

Additionally, a young child could unintentionally injure a small bird such as a budgie; some parrots unaccustomed to children may find the high energy level and noise of a young child threatening and may bite. The bite strength of larger birds such as Macaws can be very dangerous and is well in excess of even a pit bull dog (375 psi compared to 275 psi). Parrots that have been raised and socialized around children from a young age typically do much better with children than parrots who are introduced to children at a later age.

Households that are suitable for pet parrots are said to be "bird-safe". Parrot owners may take steps such as refraining from the use of ceiling fans, covering mirrors and electrical wiring, avoiding open flames, removing all cookware containing Teflon (which may release fumes that are toxic to parrots when heated) and restricting the use of aerosol sprays, due to the parrot's sensitive respiratory system. To prevent their pets from suffering heavy metal toxicity, owners also ensure that their parrots are unable to chew on items such as keys and jewelry and that cages, cage equipment and parrot toys are free of zinc and lead.

Adoption
There is a small industry in breeding parrots for the pet trade. Breeders may range from small hobby breeders caring for just a pair or two to large breeding farms that may house hundreds of pairs. When chicks are small, breeders may put a specially made closed bird ring (bird band) on one of their legs with identifying characters stamped into the plastic. A closed ring would not fit over the foot of an adult parrot, so its presence proves that the bird was banded when it was a young chick.

Some breeders leave the chicks in the nest longer and thus have to use an open band on the bird's leg. However, some breeders do not band the smaller commonly bred parrots, and some owners may have their bird's band removed after purchase because of the possibility that a band might become caught on a toy or other object and cause injury (removal of a band should be done by a veterinarian or experienced person). Bands are the main method for identifying an individual bird, which is helpful if the bird is lost. Sometimes the larger and more expensive parrots are micro-chipped with a tiny security device, as well as being tagged with a leg ring.

Places for young parrots include breeders and specialty bird stores that ensure the chicks are healthy, well socialized with people and raised properly. Before being taken to a new home, hand-reared chicks will be fully fledged (have been allowed to learn to fly), can crack nuts and seeds for themselves, and will have been fully weaned from semisolid hand-rearing food (or fed by its parents) to an appropriate diet. Some breeders will additionally accustom their young parrots to different experiences, such as harness-training, traveling, and handling by a variety of people including children, taking advantage of this impressionable period of development.

Adult parrots that are rehomed by their owners or offered for adoption from a parrot shelter often make excellent pets after they adjust to a new home. Some of these, however, may have been neglected or abused in the past, and may do best with an experienced parrot owner. The rehoming of a companion parrot, in most cases, can be avoided by doing enough research before acquiring one and determining whether the potential buyer has a lifestyle that suits the species he/she is considering, and choosing a bird that is most compatible with the human's lifestyle. Owners should also consider potential lifespan when selecting a species, and make appropriate arrangements if the bird is likely to outlive the owner.

title: Companion parrot


text: Category:Pianists by nationality

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Pianists by nationality


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Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam

 Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam was a political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It split from Dravidar Kazhagam in 1996. The president of the party is 'Kolathur' Mani and its general secretary is 'Viduthalai' Rajendran. In August 2012, Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam split into two factions: Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam, led by Kolathur Mani and Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam, led by K. Ramakrishnan.

title: Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam


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Hanna Fahl

Hanna Fahl (born October 23, 1978, in Lidköping) is a Swedish music journalist and translator. She is also the host of P3 Pop, a radio show on P3, Sveriges Radio. She sings vocals and plays flute in Kissing Mirrors, a death-pop band from Stockholm.

Thomas "Orup" Eriksson is said to have been inspired by her when writing lyrics for the song Indiedrottning from the 2006 album Faktiskt.

title: Hanna Fahl


text: Category:1498 births

title: Category:1498 births


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The Celestine Prophecy

The Celestine Prophecy: An Adventure is a 1993 novel by James Redfield that discusses various psychological and spiritual ideas rooted in multiple ancient Eastern traditions and New Age spirituality. The main character undertakes a journey to find and understand a series of nine spiritual insights in an ancient manuscript in Peru. The book is a first-person narrative of the narrator's spiritual awakening as he goes through a transitional period of his life.

Summary
The book discusses various psychological and spiritual ideas that are rooted in many ancient Eastern traditions, such as how opening to new possibilities can help an individual establish a connection with the Divine. The main character undertakes a journey to find and understand a series of nine spiritual insights in an ancient manuscript in Peru. The book is a first-person narrative of spiritual awakening. The narrator is in a transitional period of his life and begins to notice instances of synchronicity, which is the belief that coincidences have a meaning personal to those who experience them.

The story opens with the male narrator becoming reacquainted with an old female friend, who tells him about the insights contained in a manuscript dating to 600 BC, which has been only recently translated. After this encounter leaves him curious, he decides to go to Peru. On the airplane, he meets a historian who also happens to be interested in the manuscript.

The historian explains how the world is currently undergoing an enormous shift in consciousness, elaborating on how things had been generally understood (until now) to be: 1) In the beginning, people believed the world to be governed by the forces of divinity; everything could be explained as an act of a god or gods, 2) With increasing knowledge of the world, brought about by scientific inquiry, people turned to the men and women of science for an explanation of life and their world, and 3) Since the problem of how to find meaning in the world could not be solved by science, people chose to instead focus on efforts to improve their lives materially, subduing and plundering the earth for its natural resources, with a hyper-emphasis on controlling economic conditions and market fluctuations. What was now occurring, explained the historian, was that the baseness of our current conditions had begun to infect our souls as well. We had become restless and desperate, primed for another fundamental shift in consciousness so as to bring about the creation of a new, better world.

He also discovers that powerful figures within the Peruvian government and the Catholic Church are opposed to the dissemination of the material found in the manuscript. This is dramatically illustrated when the police try to arrest and then shoot the historian after his arrival. Threats to his life forced the narrator to live nomadically, moving from town to town in search of kind-hearted people who would offer lodging in exchange for more information about the manuscript and its message.

While evading the Church and Peruvian government, the narrator finds time to read from the prized manuscript that offers 'Insights' as a sequence of passages. During pursuit, the narrator experiences real-world lessons that prepare him for each Insight in advance. In the end, he returns to the United States after learning the first nine Insights, and promises to reveal a 'Tenth Insight' to his audience in a short time. 'Insights' as such, are never made explicit to the reader, but are instead paraphrased through action; made into a sequence of parables that drive the storyline. Sourcing transcription is made impossible by the narrator, claiming, "it must be the way it is for sake of brevity"; adding that even a partial translation of the Ninth 'Insight' is a lengthy twenty pages, typewritten.

In the novel, the Celestine Temple in the ruins of an ancient civilization in Peru was where the manuscript was buried. After it was found, the Incas re-habituated the abandoned cities. At some point, the ancients reached an "energy vibration level" threshold that allowed them to cross over into a reality of pure spirituality.

Influences
Redfield has acknowledged the work of Dr. Eric Berne, the developer of transactional analysis, and his 1964 bestseller Games People Play, as major influences on his work.

Publishing history, adaptations and sequels
Redfield originally self-published The Celestine Prophecy, selling 100,000 copies out of the trunk of his car before Warner Books agreed to publish it.

Christopher Franke, former member of Tangerine Dream, adapted the book into a music album in 1996.

As of May 2005, the book had sold over 5 million copies worldwide, with translations into 34 languages.

A film adaptation was released in 2006.

Redfield expanded the book's concept into a series, which he completed in three sequels:

 * The Tenth Insight: Holding the Vision (1996)
 * The Secret of Shambhala: In Search of the Eleventh Insight (1999)
 * The Twelfth Insight: The Hour of Decision (2011)

Reception and critique
The book was generally well received by readers and spent 165 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list. The Celestine Prophecy has also received some criticism, mostly from the literary community, who point out that the plot of the story is not well developed and serves only as a delivery tool for the author's ideas about spirituality. James Redfield has admitted that, even though he considers the book to be a novel, his intention was to write a parable, a story meant to illustrate a point or teach a lesson.

title: The Celestine Prophecy


text: Category:1498 deaths

title: Category:1498 deaths


text:
James Redfield

James Redfield is an American writer, lecturer, screenwriter, and film producer. He is notable for his 1993 novel The Celestine Prophecy.

Biography
Redfield grew up in a rural area near Birmingham, Alabama. He studied Eastern philosophies, including Taoism and Zen, while majoring in sociology at Auburn University. He later received a master's degree in counseling and spent more than 15 years as a therapist to abused adolescents. During this time, he was drawn into the human potential movement and turned to it for theories about intuitions and psychic phenomena that would help his clients.

In 1989, he quit his job as a therapist to write full-time, synthesizing his interest in interactive psychology, Eastern and Western philosophies, science, futurism, ecology, history, and mysticism.

When Redfield self-published The Celestine Prophecy, his first novel, in 1992, the interest from booksellers and readers led to its becoming one of the most financially successful self-published books of all time. Warner Books bought the rights and published the hard cover edition in March 1994. The book quickly climbed to the No. 1 position on the New York Times Best Seller list. According to Publishing Trends, The Celestine Prophecy was the No. 1 international bestseller of 1996 (#2 in 1995). The novel spent over 3 years on the New York Times Best Seller list. As of May 2005, The Celestine Prophecy had sold over 20 million copies worldwide and had been translated into 34 languages. In 1996, the sequel, The Tenth Insight: Holding the Vision (Warner Books), also became a bestseller. The two books spent a combined 74 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, making their author the best-selling hard cover author in the world in 1996, as cited in BP Report (January 1997).

In his non-fiction title, The Celestine Vision: Living the New Spiritual Awareness (Warner Books, 1997), Redfield explored the background of the "emerging spirituality" discussed in his novels. The Celestine series of adventure parables continued in 1999 with the publication of The Secret of Shambhala: In Search of the Eleventh Insight (Warner Books). In 2002, Redfield joined author Michael Murphy and filmmaker Sylvia Timbers in a collaborative non-fiction work entitled God and the Evolving Universe (J.P. Tarcher).

The novel was the basis for a 2006 film of the same name. Redfield produced, co-writing the screenplay with Barnet Bain and Dan Gordon.

James and Salle Redfield are the founders of the Global Prayer Project, a bi-weekly webcast which offers guided prayer and meditation.

Redfield's newest offering, The Twelfth Insight: The Hour of Decision, was published by Grand Central Publishing in February 2011.

Awards
In October 1997, Redfield was awarded the Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Senate at the XXIII Pio Manzu International Conference in Rimini, Italy. In the spring of 2000, Redfield joined Millard Fuller, founder of Habitat For Humanity, as the two recipients of Humanitarian of the Year honors from their alma mater, Auburn University. Two months later, he received another Humanitarian of the Year award from the International New Thought Alliance.

title: James Redfield


text: Category:1526 deaths

title: Category:1526 deaths


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Sea Ferret

The Sea Ferret was a submarine-launched aerial reconnaissance drone under development by the United States Navy, designed to be launched from within a Sub-Harpoon missile canister and controlled by a submerged submarine to provide covert surveillance, weapons targeting, choke point interdiction, and battle damage assessment.

While its primary mission was reconnaissance, Sea Ferret was a weapon, carrying a nine-kilogram (20 lb) warhead, capable of destroying smaller targets like command centers and surface-to-air missile launchers.

Sea Ferret was under development by Northrop Grumman Corporation since 1991, and was successfully demonstrated onboard Asheville (SSN-758).

General characteristics

 * Weight: 145 lb (66 kg)
 * Length: 75 in (1.9 m) long
 * Range: 370 nautical miles (685 km)
 * Loiter: 2 hours
 * Speed: 300 knots (550 km/h) maximum, 80 knots (148 km/h) minimum
 * Warhead: 20 lb (9 kg)

title: Sea Ferret


text:
USS Asheville (SSN-758)

USS Asheville (SSN-758), is a Los Angeles-class submarine nuclear powered fast attack submarine. She is the fourth vessel of the United States Navy to be named for Asheville, North Carolina. The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia on 26 November 1984 and her keel was laid down on 9 January 1987. She was launched on 24 February 1990, sponsored by Mrs. Dorothy Helms, and commissioned on 28 September 1991.

Asheville was fitted with a developmental Advanced Mine Detection System (AMDS) high-frequency active sonar array with transmitters and receivers in the sail and in a disc-shaped chin sonar dome beneath the hull at the bow. The system is used for target detection, mine avoidance, and bottom navigation. After a highly successful testing period the system was removed during overhaul in 2003.

1990s
In December 1996, Asheville served as a trials platform for the Northrop Grumman Sea Ferret reconnaissance drone. After Asheville simulated an underwater launch, a Cessna 206 test aircraft flew over the area of operations with the Sea Ferret attached to its underside. Technicians aboard Asheville transmitted commands to the Sea Ferret, which were received and responded to by the Cessna pilot. Control of the drone was then passed back and forth among the Asheville team, USMC First Force RECON, and a United States Army Aviation team, with all three teams continuing to receive a continuous flow of sensor data.

In August 1998 Asheville returned from a six-month Western Pacific Deployment (WESTPAC). After a 30-day stand down, she entered an extended maintenance period at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard remaining there until the beginning 1999. Almost immediately after the maintenance period Asheville began a work-up for another six-month deployment to the Western Pacific. This work-up included various underway periods, for weekly operations.

At the end of May 1999, Asheville conducted two family day cruises. The first left Pearl Harbor and steamed to Lahaina, Maui. Asheville anchored a mile off the Maui coast for five days. She returned to Pearl Harbor, at the end of the week, with the second group of family members aboard.

In July 1999, she deployed to the Eastern Pacific (EASTPAC) for two months, continuing work-ups with the USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74) Carrier Strike Group (CSG). During this deployment, she visited San Diego, CA, Esquimalt and Victoria, British Columbia, and Ketchikan, Alaska. While conducting sound testing off the coast of Ketchikan, Asheville was suspended at a depth of 400 feet, and held in position by four mooring buoys above. During this 36-hour period, the crew made phone calls with a line rigged though an electrical fitting. After the testing, the boat surfaced. Some of the crew members swam in the 50-degree waters of Behm Canal.

Asheville returned to Pearl Harbor, at the end of August, 1999 and conducted a six-week upkeep period. At the end of October 1999, she returned to San Diego for three weeks where she completed final work-ups with the John C. Stennis CSG, including staged attacks on the ship. Asheville was the only ship in the Carrier Group that was not successfully boarded or attacked. Another part of this final work up included Naval Special Warfare, off the coast of California, when Asheville launched a BGM-109 Tomahawk Cruise Missile. After the launch, an F-14 Tomcat pilot took control of the missile. The missile flew to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, California, hitting the target perfectly. Asheville returned to Pearl Harbor at the end of November, 1999. She completed a six-week upkeep period, and made final preparations for her forthcoming deployment.

2000s
On 11 January 2000, Asheville departed Pearl Harbor for a six-month WESTPAC Deployment. She was part of the John C. Stennis CSG. This Group included the carrier John C. Stennis, guided missile cruisers USS Lake Champlain (CG-57) and USS Port Royal (CG-73), destroyer USS Elliot (DD-967), guided missile destroyer USS Russell (DDG-59), amphibious warfare ships USS Denver (LPD-9) and USS Pearl Harbor (LSD-52), guided missile frigate USS Thach (FFG-43), fast combat support ship USNS Bridge (T-AOE-10), and sister submarine USS Jefferson City (SSN-759). Asheville arrived in Yokosuka, Japan on 27 January 2000, in time for the crew to watch Super Bowl XXXIV. She departed Yokosuka, on 3 February, and arrived in Hong Kong on 8 February, sailing into Victoria Harbour along with the entire John C. Stennis Carrier Group. She was tied up alongside Lake Champlain for electric power. Asheville left Hong Kong on 12 February, and arrived in Singapore, on 17 February. On 21 February, she departed Singapore, and arrived in Manama, Bahrain on 7 March 2000. During this time Asheville completed a mission vital to National Security, the details of which remain classified. She left Bahrain that night after loading stores and became the first submarine to participate in Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO). On 18 March 2000 Asheville arrived in the free port of Jebel Ali, United Arab Emirates. On 23 March, she left Jebel Ali and returned to Manama, Bahrain on 28 March.

Asheville departed Bahrain on 3 April to head back to the Pacific, turning over Carrier Group responsibilities to Jefferson City. Prior to leaving the area, Asheville completed a second, National Security mission. While in transit to a port call in Australia, the crew received word that three sailors from the command ship USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) had assaulted a taxi driver in Cebu, Philippines. In an effort to smooth tensions with the Philippine Government, Asheville was directed to make way for Subic Bay, Philippines. Prior to pulling into Subic Bay, the captain took Asheville to a location a few miles south of the Equator for crew members to become Shellbacks. The next day while steaming north, Asheville stopped off the coast of Borneo where the captain allowed a swim call. On 28 April 2000, Asheville pulled into Subic Bay, and became the second U.S. Navy submarine to port in Subic Bay Freeport in four years. While there, Asheville sailors assisted in renovating a school, and conducted a VIP tour and cruise for top members of the Philippine government. The day was cut short due to a suspected coup attempt, with the emergence of Abu Sayyaf. Asheville returned to port, returning the VIP's and taking on crew members previously left ashore.

Asheville departed Subic Bay on 3 May, returning to Yokosuka, Japan, on 8 May to complete an upkeep period. On 15 May, she departed Yokosuka, Japan to complete a third, National Security mission. On 15 June 2000, Asheville arrived in Sasebo, Japan, and tied up alongside the submarine tender USS Frank Cable (AS-40) for weapons exchange. After an eight-day stay in Sasebo, she departed for home on 22 June. On the way home, Asheville conducted an Operational Reactor Safeguard Examination (ORSE). The ORSE team was brought on board 1 July. After a night of successful "Drilling and Spilling", the ORSE Board gave Asheville a high score. She returned to Pearl Harbor in time for Fourth of July celebrations, to the sound of the submarine and surface ship whistles, on 2 July. During this deployment, Asheville reported to; COMSUBRON III, COMSUBGRU 7, CTF-74, CTF-54, as well as the Commander of Carrier Strike Group Seven.

On 1 April 2005 Asheville returned to San Diego, California, after a six-month deployment to the Western Pacific. While deployed she performed National Security Missions, and took part in two international exercises. During the deployment, she made port calls at Guam, Singapore, Japan, Saipan, and Hawaii. On 1 August 2006, Asheville departed San Diego to return to the Western Pacific, for another six-month Deployment. While deployed, she made port calls at Yokosuka, Japan, Hong Kong, Saipan, & Guam. She returned to her home port of San Diego, California, on 3 February 2007. On 27 April 2007, Asheville entered Floating Dry Dock USS Arco (ARDM-5), at Naval Base Point Loma, for a scheduled maintenance period. On 16 August 2007 she, exited Arco, having completed her upkeep. In 2009 Asheville completed pre-deployment preparations and returned to the Western Pacific.

2010s
She deployed from 3 February until 3 August 2010, and made multiple port calls in Guam and Sasebo. Having completed a Western Pacific deployment, she commenced preparations for further operations by returning to the floating drydock, Arco. This maintenance period prepared her for a Southern Command area of responsibility deployment. She was deployed from mid-August to 16 December 2011, twice visiting Panama City, Panama.

Awards
Asheville has received many awards during her service.

 * Meritorious Unit Commendation (2)
 * Navy "E" Ribbon Squadron Battle "E" Award
 * Navy Expeditionary Medal
 * National Defense Medal
 * Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
 * Southwest Asia Service Medal
 * Sea Service Ribbon
 * Engineering Excellence RED "E" (2)
 * Medical Yellow "M"
 * Navigation Red/Green N (2)
 * 1999 Submarine Squadron III Commodore's Cup
 * Captain Edward Ney Award Silver Medal (2)
 * CINCPACFLEET Gold Anchor
 * CINCPACFLEET Silver Anchor
 * Submarine Squadron Eleven Tactical "T" 2010

In Fiction

 * In the Tom Clancy novel Debt of Honor, Asheville is sunk by a Japanese Navy submarine after a surprise attack, during what was supposed to be a training operation.

title: USS Asheville (SSN-758)


text:
Talk:List of U.S. political families/to do

Import extensive list from the Political Graveyard


text:
Loch Tay

Loch Tay (Loch Tatha) is a freshwater loch in the central highlands of Scotland, in the Perth and Kinross and Stirling council areas, the largest body of fresh water in Perth and Kinross. The watershed of Loch Tay traditionally formed the historic province of Breadalbane.

It is a long, narrow loch about 14.55 mi long, and typically around 1 to 1.5 mi wide, following the line of the strath from the south-west to north-east. It is the sixth-largest loch in Scotland by area and more 150 m deep at its deepest.

Pre-history and archaeology
Between 1996 and 2005, a large-scale project was carried out to investigate the heritage and archaeology of Loch Tay, the Ben Lawers Historic Landscape (BLHL) Project. It took place primarily on the National Trust for Scotland’s property but included some local landowners who held the agricultural lands between the head-dyke and the loch-shore.

Mesolithic period
Before 1996 the earliest known evidence for occupation along the shores of Loch Tay had been a nearby stone-axe factory at Creag an Caillich and the 1965 excavations of the stone circle at Croft  Moraig (dated to the 3rd to 2nd millennium  BC). However, the BLHL project found a lithic scatter along the Ben Lawers Nature Trail that dated to the 8th and 7th millennia BC, during Scotland's Mesolithic period. This and another Mesolithic site found during the project were very important to archaeologists understanding of that time period in Scotland. Until the 1990s most Mesolithic sites were recorded along the coasts and these sites were the first ones recorded in the uplands of the Highlands, demonstrating that the hunter and gathers of that time did not strictly live by the coasts.

Neolithic and Bronze Ages
The BLHL project also found evidence of people living and working in the hills above the loch during the Neolithic period. A Beaker burial was also found, the Balnahanaid Beaker, which may be among the earliest Beakers in Scotland, dating to a time when their use was rare.

Prehistoric environment and loch levels
Investigations of the loch have found that a Neolithic woodland existed on its edge for at least 900 years and that during that period the shoreline would have been least 4–5m lower than it is today.

Iron Age
Several of the 20 crannogs found along Loch Tay have been radiocarbon dated to the Iron Age:

 * Morenish Crannog 50 BC – AD  220
 * Morenish Boathouse Crannog 750 BC – AD 30
 * Milton Morenish Crannog 810 – 390 BC
 * Eilean Breaban Crannog AD 420–640 & 600–400 BC (two occupations)
 * Tombreck Crannog 170BC–AD180

As well as round houses that were excavated at Croftvellich and Tombreck which the archeologists took to indicate that that settlements may have been much more densely concentrated during the Iron Age than was previously thought, with people living both on the land and on the water.

Early historic
The loch appears to have been at the edge of Pictland. An Early Christian graveyard at Balnahanaid was found, as well as some upland occupation sites. Furthermore, there is evidence that Eilean Breaban, Dall North and Craggan Crannogs were occupied during this period, but overall Loch Tay was not a major centre of Pictish activity.

Medieval
In the Early Medieval period people began to cultivate the higher elevations of the hills around the loch. The Macnabs, the Menzies, the Drummonds, the Napiers, the Haldanes, the MacGregors and the Robertsons of Carwhin and Strowan all owned land around the loch but little remains of their possible castles/manors. Most of the surviving lordly residences are associated with the Glenorchy Campbells, who grew in power and influence during the 15th and early 16th centuries, specifically those at Lawers, Carwhin and Edramucky.

Post-medieval and modern
The Campbells held most of the land in the area from around the 1600s to the late 1800s, when they began to sell off the land. Though before doing so they undertook clearances of the residents. It is estimated that two-thirds of the population was removed from around the loch. The National Trust for Scotland would buy a significant amount of the land in the 1950s to become the largest landowner in the area.

Scottish Crannog Centre

More than 20 crannogs have been identified in Loch Tay. The Scottish Crannog Centre is an open-air museum on the south of Loch Tay and has a reconstructed crannog, built between 1994 and 1997. The recreated Iron Age roundhouse was destroyed by fire in 2021. The museum is raising money for its repair.

Geography
Ben Lawers, on the north shore shore of the loch is, at 1214 m, the tenth-highest mountain in the British Isles, and is the highest peak in a group of seven munros. Killin at the head of the loch, and Kenmore at the outflow of the River Tay, are the main settlements on the lochside today. The smaller settlements of Acharn, Ardeonaig and Ardtalnaig are located on the south side of the loch whilst Fearnan and Lawers are on the north side. The loch is fed by the rivers Dochart and Lochay at its head and numerous smaller streams.

Railway
Loch Tay railway station was on the Killin Railway. It is now closed.

In popular culture
Media outlets reported in June 2024 that the loch had been temporarily renamed to "Loch Tay Tay" as a tribute to the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift touring in Scotland as part of the Eras Tour.

The loch is a popular spot for salmon fishing, and many of its surroundings feature in the traditional Scottish 'Loch Tay Boat Song' (Scottish Gaelic, Iorram Loch Tatha). This is a very sad song in which the protagonist muses on unrequited love for a red-haired woman (a Nighean ruadh) whilst rowing at the end of a working day. It has been recorded by Liam Clancy and The Corries amongst others. The film Monty Python and the Holy Grail filmed the famous scene with the Killer Rabbit of Caerbannog at Tomnadashan Mine on the east bank of the loch.

title: Loch Tay


text: Category:Swiss chemists

title: Category:Swiss chemists


text: Category:Swiss scientists

title: Category:Swiss scientists


text:
Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)

The bombing of Rabaul in November 1943 was an air attack conducted by the Allies of World War II upon a cruiser force at the major Japanese base of Rabaul. In response to the Allied invasion of Bougainville, the Japanese had brought a strong cruiser force down to Rabaul from Truk, their major naval base in the Caroline Islands about 800 miles north of Rabaul in preparation for a night engagement against the Allied supply and support shipping. Allied carrier- and land-based planes attacked the Japanese ships, airfields, and port facilities on the island of New Britain to protect the Allied amphibious invasion of Bougainville. As a result of the Rabaul raids, the Japanese naval forces could no longer threaten the landings. The success of the raid began to change the strongly held belief that carrier-based air forces could not challenge land-based air forces.

Background
In early 1943, Rabaul had been distant from the fighting. However, the Allied grand strategy in the South West Pacific Area—Operation Cartwheel—aimed to isolate Rabaul and reduce it by air raids. Japanese ground forces were already retreating in New Guinea and in the Solomon Islands, abandoning Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, New Georgia and Vella Lavella.

Rabaul—on the island of New Britain—was one of two major ports in the Australian Territory of New Guinea. It was the main Japanese naval base for the Solomon Islands campaign and New Guinea campaign. Simpson Harbour—captured from Australian forces in February 1942—was known as "the Pearl Harbor of the South Pacific" and was well defended by 367 anti-aircraft guns and five airfields.

Lakunai and Vunakanau airfields were pre-war Australian strips. Lakunai had an all-weather runway of sand and volcanic ash, and Vunakanau was surfaced with concrete. Rapopo—14 mi to the southeast—became operational in December 1942 with concrete runways and extensive support and maintenance facilities. Tobera—completed in August 1943 halfway between Vunakanau and Rapopo—also had concrete strips. The four airfields had 166 protected revetments for bombers and 265 for fighters, with additional unprotected dispersal parking areas. A fifth airfield protecting Rabaul was Borpop airfield, completed in December 1942 across the St. Georges Channel on New Ireland.

The anti-aircraft defenses were well coordinated by army and naval units. Naval guns guarded Simpson Harbor and its shipping and the three airfields of Tobera, Lakunai, and Vunakanau. The army units defended Rapopo airfield, supply dumps and army installations; and assisted the navy in defending Simpson Harbor. An effective early warning radar system provided 90 mi coverage from Rabaul, and extended coverage with additional radars were on New Britain, New Ireland, and at Buka. These sets provided from 30 to 60 minutes' early warning of an attack.

Land-based air campaign
As a part of Operation Cartwheel, in the fall of 1943 the U.S. Fifth Air Force, the Royal Australian Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Air Force, all under the command of General George Kenney, began a sustained bombing campaign against the airfields and port of Rabaul. The initial mission was delivered by 349 aircraft on 12 October 1943, but it could not be followed up immediately because of bad weather. A single raid by 50 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers reached the target on 18 October. Sustained attacks resumed on 23 October, culminating in a large raid on 2 November. In the 2 November mission, nine squadrons of B-25s, 72 bombers in total, and six squadrons of P-38 Lightning totaling 80 fighter escorts attacked Simpson Harbor and its anti-aircraft defenses with bombing attacks and minimum altitude strafing runs. Eight B-25s were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery or Japanese naval fighters. Nine of the P-38s were also lost. Among the lost was Major Raymond H. Wilkins of the 3rd Attack Group, who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Japanese attacks on Bougainville
Admiral William Halsey was implementing the next phase of his advance up the Solomon chain and looked to establish a base on Bougainville. On Bougainville the Japanese had two airfields at the southern tip of the island, one at the northernmost peninsula, and a fourth on Buka just across the northern passage. Instead of attempting a costly assault on these heavily defended areas, Halsey landed his invasion force of 14,000 Marines at Empress Augusta Bay, about halfway up the west coast of Bougainville. There he would have his Seabees clear and build an airfield of their own.

On the night of 1/2 November the screening naval unit succeeded in defending the landing (the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay), but Admiral Mineichi Koga responded quickly. Within a few days the local cruiser force had been augmented with reinforcements from Truk. The Japanese had been conserving their naval forces over the past year, but in the face of the imminent threat to Rabaul they committed substantial resources in hopes of crushing the newly landed force and its naval support. The force refueled at Rabaul in preparation for the coming battle.

Halsey lacked comparable surface forces to oppose this fresh challenge. His main surface strength, two battleships and a number of cruisers, had been transferred to the Central Pacific to support the upcoming invasion of Tarawa. The only forces at hand were the carrier airgroups of USS Saratoga (CV-3) and USS Princeton (CVL-23). These would have been considered a potent force for a battle at sea, but Rabaul was a heavily fortified port with five airfields and extensive anti-aircraft batteries. Navy aviators had termed it "a hornet's nest". With the exception of the surprise raid at Pearl Harbor, no attack against such a formidable land target had been attempted by carrier aircraft. As such it was considered a highly dangerous mission for the aircrews and also placed the carriers at risk. Halsey later said the threat that the Japanese cruiser force at Rabaul posed to his landings at Bougainville was "the most desperate emergency that confronted me in my entire term as ComSoPac (Commander of the South Pacific Area)."

Attacks on Rabaul
With the fate of the landing in the balance, Halsey ordered his carriers, under command of Rear Admiral Frederick C. Sherman, to steam north through the night of 4/5 November to get within range of Rabaul for a daybreak raid on the base. Approaching behind the cover of a weather front, Sherman launched all 97 of his available aircraft against the target, leaving no aircraft behind for combat air patrol over his ships. The aircrews were ordered to damage as many warships as possible, rather than attempting to achieve a sinking. Aircraft from airfields on Barakoma and the recently captured Vella Lavella were sent out to sea to rendezvous with the carrier force to provide it with some measure of protection.

The daybreak Navy air bombing of Rabaul was followed up an hour later with an Army Air Force raid by 27 B-24 Liberator heavy bombers of the Fifth Air Force, escorted by 58 P-38s. By the end of the attacks, six of the seven Japanese cruisers at Rabaul had been damaged, four of them heavily. JAPANESE CRUISER Atago suffered near misses by three 500 lb bombs that caused severe damage and killed 22 crewmen, including her captain. JAPANESE CRUISER Maya was hit by one bomb above one of her engine rooms, causing heavy damage and killing 70 crewmen. JAPANESE CRUISER Mogami was hit by one 500 lb bomb and set afire, causing heavy damage and killing 19 crewmen. JAPANESE CRUISER Takao was hit by two 500 lb bombs, causing heavy damage and killing 23 crewmen. JAPANESE CRUISER Chikuma was slightly damaged by several near-misses. One bomb struck near JAPANESE CRUISER Agano, which damaged an anti-aircraft gun and killed one crewman. Three destroyers were also lightly damaged.

The strike had been a stunning success, effectively neutralizing Koga's cruisers as a threat to the Bougainville mission. Under the threat of additional airstrikes, most of the Japanese warships departed for Truk the next day, practically ending Japanese naval presence in the area. Losses among the attacking aircraft were light.

Two days later an additional carrier unit, Task Group 50.3 of the U.S. 5th Fleet, reached Halsey, arriving on 7 November. These ships were among the first wave of newly built U.S. Navy warships and had only recently become operational. Commanded by Rear Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery, the task group consisted of the fleet carriers USS Essex (CV-9) and USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) and the light carrier USS Independence (CVL-22). Halsey used Montgomery's ships as well as Task Force 38 (TF 38) in a combined strike against Rabaul on 11 November. Sherman launched his strike from near Green Island, northwest of Bougainville, which attacked in bad weather at about 08:30. After its return, TF 38 retired to the south without being detected. Montgomery launched from the Solomon Sea 160 mi southeast of Rabaul.

Aftermath
Agano—which had remained at Rabaul after the 5 November strike—was torpedoed and heavily damaged in these attacks. The destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Suzunami reportedly suffered a direct bomb hit while loading torpedoes near the mouth of Rabaul Harbor. She blew up and sank, killing 148 of her crew. In the wake of the raids the Japanese launched a series of counterattacks involving 120 aircraft against the U.S. carriers, but the force was intercepted and lost 35 planes without inflicting damage on Montgomery's ships.

The raids succeeded in protecting the Allies' recent gains, leaving Rabaul as an increasingly isolated outpost, difficult to supply and posing little danger to accelerating Allied operations in the region. The capture of Bougainville and Buka brought Rabaul into range of land-based US Navy and Marine Corps tactical bombers for the first time, setting the stage for the pacification campaign intended to neutralize Rabaul that began on 17 December 1943.

title: Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)


text: Category:Swiss psychiatrists

title: Category:Swiss psychiatrists


text:
David Stone (keyboardist)

David Stone (born Michael David Stoyanoff on March 20, 1953) is a Canadian keyboard player best known for playing with Rainbow. He later joined Max Webster for their album Universal Juveniles.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Stone worked on the Bud Matton Agency tour circuit and played in the band Symphonic Slam, whose self-titled and only album released in 1976 went gold in Japan. He then joined Rainbow, and was voted the fifth best keyboardist in the world in the Japanese magazine Music Life in January 1978. After performing on Long Live Rock 'n' Roll, he returned to Canada and played with Max Webster and singer B. B. Gabor. In 1991, Stone played on a demo by US prog metal band Vision. Stone also played on the hard rock/prog metal band AraPacis' 2019 album Paradox of Denial and joined the band in September 2019. He also played on AraPacis' 2020 EP Déja Hard, their 2021 full length Waterdog and their 2022 full length Suburban Mist. Stone was formerly married to award-winning journalist Madelaine Drohan.

Symphonic Slam

 * Everytime (1976)

Rainbow

 * Long Live Rock 'n Roll (1978)
 * Live in Munich 1977 (2006)

BB Gabor

 * BB Gabor (1980)

Max Webster

 * Universal Juveniles (1980)

AraPacis

 * Déjà Hard (2020)
 * Waterdog (2021)
 * Suburban Mist (2022)

Avi Rosenfeld

 * Very Heepy Very Purple XI (2020)

title: David Stone (keyboardist)


text:
Edwin Hatch

Edwin Warren Hatch (4 September 1835 Derby, England – 10 November 1889 Oxford, England) was an English theologian. He is best known as the author of the book Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages Upon the Christian Church, which was based on his 1888 Hibbert Lectures and which were edited and published following his death. He is also remembered as the composer of the hymn "Breathe on Me, Breath of God."

Biography
He was born in Derby, the son of Samuel Hatch, a grocer and accountant, and his wife Charlotte Mooney; Walter Mooney Hatch was his brother. He attended King Edward's School, Birmingham, where he studied under James Prince Lee; he was noted for his intellectual independence and study habits. He joined the Church of England, baptised in 1852, having been raised a nonconformist, under the influence of John Cale Miller, rector of St Martin in the Bull Ring.

Hatch matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1853, where he was a dominant figure in the Birmingham Set. He graduated B.A. in 1857, and M.A. in 1867.

In 1858, Hatch won the Ellerton Prize. That year, he was ordained deacon, and worked in London's East End. In 1859, he was ordained as an Anglican priest. He moved to Toronto, Canada West, where he was professor of classics at Trinity College until 1862. Between then and his return to Oxford, England, in 1867, he served as rector of the High School of Quebec and professor of Classics at Morrin College, both in Quebec City. He was vice-principal of St Mary Hall from 1867 until 1885. In 1884 he was appointed university reader in ecclesiastical history.

Hatch was a Bampton lecturer in 1880. He served as a Grinfield lecturer from 1880 to 1884, during which time he presented his concordance on the Septuagint.

Works

 * The organization of the early Christian churches (1881) – the Bampton lectures of 1880; translated into German by Adolf von Harnack (Giessen, 1883)
 * The Growth of Church Institutions (1887)
 * Essays in Biblical Greek (1889)
 * A Concordance to the Septuagint and the Other Greek Versions of the Old Testament (including the Apocryphal books) by Edwin Hatch and Henry A. Redpath, assisted by many scholars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897)
 * Towards Fields of Light: Sacred Poems (1890)
 * The God of Hope (1890)
 * Memorials of Edwin Hatch (1890) including papers and sermons, edited by his brother Samuel C. Hatch
 * The influence of Greek ideas and usages upon the Christian church (the “Hibbert Lectures,” edited by Andrew Martin Fairbairn, 1897)
 * The influence of Greek ideas and usages upon the Christian church (the “Hibbert Lectures,” edited by Andrew Martin Fairbairn, 1897)

In 1873, Hatch edited The student's handbook to the University and colleges of Oxford, which appeared in several revised editions during and after his time at the university. He wrote a small number of hymns, collected in the posthumous Towards Fields of Light. One that is noted is Breathe on me, Breath of God. It appeared in the Congregational Psalmist Hymnal (1886) edited by Henry Allon. I dared not hope that thou wouldst deign was included in Garrett Horder's ''Hymns: Supplemental to Existing Collections" (1894).

Family
Hatch and his wife Evelyn had four children: Arthur Herbert Hatch (b. 1864), Beatrice Hatch (b. 1866), Ethel Hatch (b. 1869), and Evelyn Hatch (b. 1871).

title: Edwin Hatch


text:
Talk:David Bohm

Untitled
"For information on his work at Berkeley and his dealings with HUAC, or is it HCUA"

for discussion of whether it's HUAC or HCUA, see House Committee on Un-American Activities discussion wherein it is claimed HCUA is correct, and join the fray. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.124.100.45 (talk) 23:04, 23 October 2004 (UTC)

Did he die Oct 22 or Oct 27? Kwantus 20:30, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)
 * I looked up the NYT obituary on ProQuest and it said Oct. 27. --Fastfission 21:18, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Typo
"Pribram believes that if psychology is to understand the conditions that produce the world of appearances, it must hook to the thinking of physicists like Bohm."

"Pribram believes that if psychology is to understand the conditions that produce the world of appearances, it must look to the thinking of physicists like Bohm."

is this a typo? either word works, but i assumed that the intended word was hook. . . Heah 01:32, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite
The long quote should be paraphrased and summarized. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MarcAurel (talk • contribs) 03:04, February 2, 2006

I beg to strongly differ. Please do not dumb down wikipedia. Please leave these quotes in. If this part doesn't keep someone's attention, they may go read a comic book version of Bohm's life and achievements. I'm thinking of the high school students, particularly, who often are only exposed to deep, time-consuming ideas through brief intros provided by wikipedia. I find this PARTICULAR series of quotes to be a depth of coverage not only interesting but also an integral part of what makes Bohm such a great thinker. Making the effort to understand difficult things should be encouraged. Those who are able to go further intellectually, in ALL fields, need to feel there are real gains, possibly altruistic, in addition to -- or aside from -- personal satisfaction or monetary gain, to do so. Cmberger (talk) 20:02, 29 November 2007 (UTC)Cynthia Berger

Why in the world is McCarthyism cited in External References? If Bohm suffered because of McCarthyism, that should be stated in the article.207.112.6.120 (talk) 03:22, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

I just came to this page and found the quote to be invaluable in the research I was doing. What surprises me is that this section was flagged as having readability issues simply because of a quote viewed as too extensive. First, I think it's always preferable to put in the subject's own words, and this was the right choice here. Secondly, I, like the other commenter, am fearful we are dumbing things down when we are cautionary of descriptions or (direct quotes in particular are targets) that go beyond a sentence or two. This section was well done. J. Sewell

Questionable formulation?

 * made significant contributions in the fields of [...], and to scientists working on the Manhattan Project.

How do you make a contribution to a scientist? Could that first sentence be rewritten such that it is a little clearer to whether he contributed to the project or to the science behind? \Mike(z) 23:06, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That is exactly what I thought on seeing it, and one has to concldue, after this long an interval, that the answer is no. I wonder where it was quoted from?  Midgley 20:29, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Parked

"who made significant contributions in the fields of theoretical physics, philosophy and neuropsychology, and to scientists working on the Manhattan Project"

Needs backup Midgley 20:30, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Missing word inserted
I edited the phrase

"Thought doesn't know it is doing something and then it struggles against it is doing."

to read this way:

"Thought doesn't know it is doing something and then it struggles against what it is doing."

(Italics added only to highlight the inserted word.)

I Googled the phrase and discovered that several Bohm hagiographic web sites copy this erroneous quote verbatim from Wikipedia. A few, however, have spotted the error and fixed it -- on THEIR web site!

Timothy Campbell 17:35, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

When did he die?
At the top of the page it says "David Joseph Bohm (born December 20, 1917 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, died October 27, 1992 in London) "

Yet towards the bottom it informs us "David Bohm died of a heart attack in London on October 27, 1994."

Sorry, I don't know about this, I was just reading the page and noticed the inconsistency.

Cheers. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 219.89.240.153 (talk) 12:02, 22 January 2007 (UTC).

I heard from people of the Krishnamurti Foundation that the day he died, he called by phone Saral (his wife), telling her that he discovered (or got very clore to) something of utmost importance. He sounded very excited, and he told her that later he will explain what was that, as soon as he arrives home. No one know what was it, but if you have read his book The Ending of Time (dialogues with J. Krishnamurti), you may get a clue. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Contactarlo (talk • contribs) 17:42, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Bohm's time at Birkbeck
Hi, there seems to be no mention of Bohm's time at Birkbeck College London, when I was a student there. Would like to chase this up and put something in - what do the other editors on this page feel about it?

A very good account of Bohm's contribution to quantum theory is Peter R. Holland's 'Quantum Theory of Motion'. Holland was a student of Bohm, last time I talked to him teaching in UWE Bristol. The book is a systematic exposition of Bohm's very original contribution.

I also have a rather aged work by de Broglie in which he acknowledges Bohm's contribution - would be nice to source this also on this page.

Alan XAX Freeman 22:59, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * In 1961, Bohm was made Professor of Theoretical Physics at Birkbeck College London, where his collected papers are kept. This sentence is in the section on The Aharonov-Bohm effect. Feel free to expand on it.--Blainster 20:54, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

 * OK thnks will try to gather thoughts and info from former pupils, and put something in.

Alan XAX Freeman 21:45, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

I am thinking about this too, and also about a page for Basil Hiley. Keith Bowden

k.bowden@physics.bbk.ac.uk  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Keithbowden (talk • contribs) 18:29, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Bohm was at Birbeck a long time, I met him there when I was, I think 17 or 18 around 1979. Rich Farmbrough, 23:18, 15th day of January in the year 2011 (UTC).

Jack Sarfatti was with Bohm at Birkbeck in 1971 and also 1974 see David Kaiser's "How the Hippies Saved Physics" and John Hasted's "Geller Notebooks" online. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:646:102:27F0:CD24:67FA:FE6A:84D2 (talk) 01:17, 11 December 2023 (UTC)

"Thought as a System"
As someone else pointed out a year and a half ago, the quoted material in this section is way too long and needs to be trimmed substantially. I'm hoping somebody who's worked on the article in the past will take this on and do it right, as I am overloaded with other work at present. Cgingold 12:06, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

I really don't think this section is too long. For me it gets at the heart of the human condition in which it is all too easy to project our own thoughts onto reality. This has the effect of creating the reality we originally only projected. For instance, when one has a paranoid frame of mind one tends to actually create enemies when they originally only exist in your mind. This happens all the time between societies and between individuals. How can one say that this very important idea of Bohm's,that our thoughts are the problem, doesn't deserve this amount of space? I therefore am removing the criticism.75.6.238.87 (talk) 17:21, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Criticism
How are Bohm's theories viewed today? I have heard Quantum students say his theories are now not highly regarded. Is this so? In truth, it feels to this layman that String Theory is not a million miles away from Bohm's theories of Implicate and Explicate Orders... Anyone want to add something about how Bohm is seen now? ThePeg (talk) 00:34, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Bohm's work in physics is respected, but his deterministic Bohm interpretation of pilot wave theory is now considered to be superseded. His later work (implicate/explicate order) is more philosophical and, I think mostly ignored by the physical scientist community.  --Blainster (talk) 05:54, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, John Stewart Bell, whose work is and was seminal and universally respected, thought highly of Bohm's interpretation, which in fact inspired him.John Z (talk) 07:54, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation of "Bohm"
Could someone add how to pronounce his name, specifically the common pronunciation used in the U.S.? DBlomgren (talk) 18:30, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

 * The ö in English is usually pronounced "er" as in "fern," so "Bohm" would rhyme with "term." 71.138.155.228 (talk) 23:13, 21 May 2009 (UTC)Jordan 23:22, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Please, there never was an umlaut-o (ö) in Bohm's name. His name rhymes with "home", in British English as well as American English. 14:02, 15 June 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.88.208.39 (talk)

"British"
The characterization of Bohm as "British" in the lead and under "Nationality" is problematic if not downright misleading. He lived nearly as many years of his life in the US (34) as in the UK (35). He was born in the US to two non-British parents and got all his formal education in the US. While it doesn't say so, presumably he renounced his US citizenship when he left the US (or perhaps once he immigrated to the UK), but given how rarely Americans immigrate to Britain, the "British" term would imply to most that he was born in Britain.

I think "American-born British" is the least misleading description, since "American-British" is not in common use the way "Indo-American" is. JoelWest (talk) 02:48, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

 * We use the nationality held at the time the subject became notable in the lead sentence. Thus the lead sentence should read "American", as should nationality in the infobox. This is precisely why there is also a citizenship field in the infobox, for changes of citizenship, so that field should read "British". This has all been done and is a good solution. We specifically don't use hyphenated nationalities or phrases like "American-born British" in the lead sentence, see WP:OPENPARA. Yworo (talk) 01:52, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

"Pribram"
The reference to the effect that "Bohm also made significant theoretical contributions to neuropsychology and the development of the holonomic model of the functioning of the brain." and the following is not valid. The text found at the URL does not specify such a thing. This sentence should be removed if no proper reference is found. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.23.35.189 (talk) 04:03, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Aharonov-Bohm
Prior to Nov 4, 2009, there was the sentence:

"... the Aharonov-Bohm effect, showing how an electro-magnetic field could affect a region of space in which the field had been shielded, although its vector potential did not exist there."

It is correct that the field has been shielded (i.e. it is zero), but totally incorrect that "its vector potential does not exist there". On the contrary, the vector potential exists there (i.e. it is not zero).

I fixed the error simply by changing "exist" to "vanish", although it would have been better to rephrase the whole sentence. I also changed "electro-magnetic field" to "magnetic field", because the usual applications of Aharonov-Bohm are to static magnetic fields, and also in general an electromagnetic field is described by a 4-potential and not simpoly by a (3-dimensional) vector potential. To bring in the 4-potential would open a can of worms.

So the sentence I propose reads: "... the Aharonov-Bohm effect, showing how a magnetic field could affect a region of space in which the field had been shielded, although its vector potential did not vanish there."

It would probably be better to say (changing "although" to "if"):

"... the Aharonov-Bohm effect, showing how a magnetic field could affect a region of space in which the field had been shielded, if its vector potential did not vanish there."

If anybody wants to make this change, I have no objection.

Further down I have changed "vector potential" to "magnetic vector potential", so the readers who do not know about this subject can follow a useful link. (I expect that many people reading this article are interested in Bohm's politics or philosophy, and do not know what a vector potential is, either as a general mathematical device or specifically in relation to the magnetic field). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Torrazzo (talk • contribs) 19:22, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

Odd Beliefs
Something should be really said about his odd beliefs. The guy carried around a bent key that Uri Geller bent. He lost it for an hour and it was taken as the magic powers of Geller working at a distance that made it vanish and another amazing feat when he found the key again. Although, a lot of his physics work is now generally by the wayside, he was clearly a good theoretical physicist, but he was also extremely gullible and the way the article is written you really can't tell where he was actually was crazy. His good contributions to science are matched with his bizarre crackpot notions. It's a lot like saying somebody made considerable contributions to mathematics and astrology. The two sides of David Bohm's life might need a bit more separation and a better writeup. Tat (talk) 21:35, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I would like to suggest that any belief (same as opinion, only one that is often older, coherently organized and better expressed) may be considered "odd" by those who hold other beliefs. I'd say that there are people who consider quantum mechanics full of "bizarre crackpot notions", something an astrologer-mathematician would feel comfortable in. Other people seem to accept the relevance of the field on the basis of belief: they have no way of reproducing the experiments, interpreting the results or understanding the theories. Might as well be Uri Geller showing them a bent spoon. I'm not picking on quantum mechanics, a subject that (in my limited knowledge) I find fascinating, this is just for illustration. I do have a problem with the article cited above though. It is as full of opinion, questionable sources, "directed" research, and arguments that are flimsy and non-rigorous, as its representation of the people and ideas it criticizes. I also don't know how (outside of personal experience - please share it if you have any, so we can judge for ourselves) Bohm or anyone can be characterized as "extremely gullible". In my opinion, the two sides of David Bohm's life might need a bit more integration and a better writeup. Thanks. 65.88.88.126 (talk) 14:37, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Crackpot notions? LoL - I consider something like this as bordering on the trivial. Show me one quantum physicist, at least from the times of David Bohm himself, who could be said to have been utterly free of "crackpot notions" in any sense. I mean, seriously?! David Bohm may have been somewhat potty, but he couldn't have been any more potty than almost all of the really great scientists were anyway! Just consider Newton.. then.. think again. That's what great science is about, in the end, at times the pot of cosy dogma simply needs to be cracked, in order to somehow get ahead. Albert Einstein, as should be known, liked to converse with one of those very (wooooh..) "potty" Indian mystics too, by the way, just as David Bohm. And this very Einstein, at Princeton, wished for.. whom.. as his personal assistant? David Bohm! None other. I guess this alone says a lot concerning the standing of Mr. Bohm, and what exactly, then, are your credentials, so as to call this man a crackpot? Try to get, where he has been, then speak again. It'll take a while... Zero Thrust (talk) 05:31, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Definitely potty, and if you want to talk standing than the word embarrassment comes to mind. Also, he is a crackpot by the principle of Six Degrees of Smarandache : Bohm - Vigier - Evans - Crothers - Smarandache.137.205.101.7 (talk) 07:21, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

Particle Physics, Quantum Theory and Taoism by Gerry Teekman
The American physicist, David Bohm, in his book "Wholeness and the Implicate Order" proposed his theories of the universe of 'explicit order' and 'intricate order'. Simply put, 'explicit order' being the universe of matter we see, and 'intricate order', where everyone and everything is part of an indivisible energy continuum.

'He had difficulty accepting that the quantum theory conventions that subatomic particles had no objective existence and took on definite properties only when physicists tried to observe and measure them.' [The Uncertainty Principle.] 'He also had difficulty believing that the quantum world was characterized by absolute indeterminism and chance, and that things just happened for no reason whatsoever. He began to suspect that there might be deeper causes behind the apparently random and crazy nature of the subatomic world.' ["David Bohm and the Implicate Order" by David Pratt, Theosophical University Press 1993]

To Bohm, all the separate objects, entities, structures, and events in the visible or explicate world around us are relatively autonomous, stable, and temporary sub-totalities derived from a deeper, implicate order of unbroken wholeness. Bohm uses the analogy of a flowing stream: 'On this stream, one may see an ever-changing pattern of vortices, ripples, waves, splashes, etc, which evidently have no independent existence as such. Rather, they are abstracted from the flowing movement, arising and vanishing in the total process of the flow. Such transitory subsistence as may be possessed by these abstracted forms implies only a relative independence or autonomy of behaviour, rather than absolutely independent existence as ultimate substances. 'We must learn to view everything as part of "Undivided Wholeness in Flowing Movement."' (David Bohm, "Wholeness and the Implicate Order", Routledge & Kegan Paul 1980.)

There are amazing parallels between modern physics and ancient Chinese mysticism, especially the concept of the Tao (literally 'The Way') - a subtle, universal, all-pervading force that permeates everything in the universe, and also is, in some sense, (possibly paradoxically,) the foundation upon which the universe was formed, is based, and in which space and time unfolds. The Tao is 'natural law', or the Way of things.

Taoism was first documented circa 500BC by the ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu (an older contempory of K'ung Fu-Tsu, commonly known as Confucius,) in his astoundingly insightful book "Tao Te Ching" (roughly 'the book of the Way of rightness and virtue', but definitely not in a moralistic sense.) Its philosophy is based upon a much older set of concepts documented in the ancient, (possibly the first book ever written,) the "I Ching", or ‘Book of Change/s’, attributed to King Wen (the first Chinese emporer, circa 2000BC). Lao Tsu astutely and correctly intuited the quantum nature of the universe, based soley upon his observation of the world and way events unfold. That the only constant in the universe is change, is a very Taoist point of view.

Taoism also postulates that everything is a continuous, dynamic interplay between opposites. Positive and negative - polar opposites, but from another point of view, both part of a larger totality.

Without darkness, there would be no light. No heat without cold. No protons without electrons. No matter without space. No death without life. No action, unless there was first inaction, and so on. And the binary (digital) concept upon which computer science is based - everything is either ones or zeroes. To quote Lao Tsu: 'Something mysteriously formed, Born before heaven and earth In the silence of the void, standing alone and unchanging. Ever present and in motion...' ["Tao Te Ching", Chapter 25]

The Tao also encompasses the Sanskrit concept of 'samsara' - the material world we see around us (samsara), is really illusion. Let go of the illusion, strive for oblivion - nothingness and stillness, and you achieve nirvana - ultimate enlightenment. The ultimate existence is non-existence. What seems solid and real, is in fact a chaotic, but also paradoxically orderly, dance of sub-atomic particles, which wink into and out of existence, as time passes (or seems to pass). Whatever time is... And when these particles are examined closely, they turn out to be 'balls of fluff' apparently without substance, in the large empty void, which makes up most of the atom. Everything is nothing.... It's all relative to your point of view, as Einstein would point out.

Lao Tsu's first precepts, and the first words in the "Tao Te Ching", are: 'The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal name. The nameless is the beginning of heaven and earth.' [Chapter 1]

'Look, it cannot be seen - it is beyond form. Listen, it cannot be heard - it is beyond sound. Grasp, it cannot be held - it is intangible. These three are indefinable; therefore they are joined in one. From above it is not bright, From below it is not dark; An unbroken thread beyond description. It returns to nothingness. The form of the formless. The image of the imageless. It is called indefinable and beyond imagination. Stand before it and there is no beginning. Follow it and there is no end. Stay with the ancient Tao, Move with the present. Knowing the ancient beginning is the essence of Tao.' [Chapter 14]

There is much in Taoism that parallels modern quantum physics. There is even a book called "The Tao of Physics" by Fritjof Capra [Fontana/Collins 1972] which discusses the parallels between modern physics, which it seems daily becomes more and more like mysticism, and ancient Taoism and other Eastern philosophies. The life philosophy of Taoism is based on the concept of going with the flow: 'Empty yourself of everything. Let the mind rest at peace. The ten thousand things (an analogy for all the material things in the world,) rise and fall while the Self watches their return. They grow and flourish, and then return to the source. Returning to the source is stillness, which is the way of nature. The way of nature is unchanging. Knowing constancy is insight. Not knowing constancy leads to disaster. Knowing constancy, the mind is open. With an open mind, you will be open-hearted. Being open-hearted, you will act royally. Being royal, you will attain the divine. Being divine, you will be at one with the Tao. Being at one with the Tao is eternal. And though the body dies, the Tao will never pass away.' [Chapter 16]

{Quotes from the Gia-Fu Feng and Jane English translation of "Tao Te Ching" by Lao Tsu. 1972. Vintage books.}

Eastern philosophy has much to offer us. It is astute, perceptive, relevant and insightful. Perhaps the final word is: If sometimes you don't get lost, there's a chance you may NEVER find The Way.

'The Gift of Truth Excels all Other Gifts.', Siddharta Gautama (‘Buddha') —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gerry Teekman (talk • contribs) 14:59, 6 March 2010 (UTC) Gerry Teekman (talk) 15:02, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

I think in Bohm's generation, physicists had prejudices against any statement of the concepts of "mind", "thought", etc. Furthermore, I almost never believe that physicists have no bias when making a surmise and experiment, but they like the masses believe that they and their peer reviews are simply objective. Researching needs funds. Who offers funds, where the research goes. I personally have some mystery experiences, like Merkaba. I don't think physicists are ever glad to face these topics (they don't like supernature). By the way, I personally interpret that Lao Tsu was just one of the author of Tao Te Ching, this usually happened (and keep happening now) on any religions or philosophy factions -- The master had his opinion and experience, and his students explained the teacher's concept to be another stuff. Just like Jung ever said: "Thank God I'm not a Jungian". According to a story that Gary R. Renard wrote, Buddha was Lao Tsu's student in his pastlife (he wasn't as famous an Confucius, another Lao Tsu's student), many of Lao Tsu's concept were similar to Buddhism, but there were still many slight differences. Historians usually like to distort something (everyone has his own belief), just like some other field of scholars did. It's really hard to know the truth of history, although the "difficulty" might just be my believe system. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.170.131.132 (talk) 13:06, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

Reassessment
I've downgraded this article from B to C-Class due to a lack of inline sources. Viriditas (talk) 23:01, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

Re: Youth and college
In 2004, User:Fastfission removed

"Although he was invited, he refused to join the Manhattan Project and to work with other leading scientists like Robert Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi in developing the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. After the war Bohm became assistant professor at Princeton University where he worked closely with Albert Einstein."

and replaced it with the following:

"Bohm became increasingly involved not only with physics, but radical politics. Like many young idealists in the late 1930s (including Oppenheimer himself), Bohm and his colleagues were attracted to alternative models of society, and were active in organizations like the Young Communist League, the Campus Committee to Fight Conscription, and the Committee for Peace Mobilization (all would be branded Communist fronts by the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover). During the World War II, much of Berkeley physics was mobilized in the effort to produce the first atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project. Though Oppenheimer had asked Bohm to work with him at Los Alamos, the top-secret laboratory established in 1942 to design the weapon, the head of the Manhattan Project, General Leslie Groves, would not approve his security clearance, after tip-offs about Bohm's politics (Bohm's friend, Joseph Weinberg, was also then under suspicion for espionage). Bohm remained in Berkeley, teaching physics, before completing his Ph.D. in 1943. He would later, however, work on the theoretical calculations for the Calutrons at the Y-12 facility in Oak Ridge, which were used to electromagnetically enrich uranium for use in the bomb which was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. After the war Bohm became assistant professor at Princeton University where he worked closely with Albert Einstein. In May 1949, at the beginning of the McCarthyism hysteria period, Bohm was called upon to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee because of his previous ties to suspected Communists, but pleaded the Fifth amendment right to decline to testify, and refused to give evidence against his colleagues. In 1950 Bohm was charged for refusing to answer questions before the Committee and arrested. He was acquitted in May 1951 but Princeton had already suspended him and after his acquittal refused to renew his contract. Bohm's colleagues sought to have his position at Princeton reinstated, and Einstein reportedly wanted Bohm to serve as his assistant, but Bohm's contract with the university was not renewed. Then, Bohm left for Brazil to take up a Chair in Physics at the University of São Paulo, Brazil."

Since this is a biography article, we are going to need sources for all of this. Viriditas (talk) 23:13, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

the driver turned back and found that Bohm had collapsed.
Death as a wave function collapse? haha I bet Bohm would have appreciated the posthumous joke. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.101.208.152 (talk) 00:04, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Collaboration with Jiddu Krishnamurti
It seems to me almost incredible that there is not a single mention (except on the Publications list) about his collaboration and relationship with Jiddu Krishnamurti. There are more than two publications by both, and many hours of recorded video of their conversations. Bohm was a teacher at Brockwood Park School, in England, a school founded by Krishnamurti, and I think he was also a trustee of the Krishnamurti Fund Trust. In this Foundation, and in the Krishnamurti Foundation of America (in Ojai, California) there are still many people who knew Bohm and can tell about his passion and interest to Krishnamurti "teachings", even after Krishnamurti's death. You can find the videos and audio recordings on Youtube and the books almost on any important book trader online. By the amount of published material you can have an idea about the importance Bohm gave to this collaborative relationship. After Krishnamurti's death, he kept organising dialogues with a reduced number of interested people, mostly from a non-scientific background. The idea behind that was to avoid the use of any academic knowledge for their investigations. The topics discussed were similar to those you can find in other dialogues with Krishnamurti, usually not related to science. I recommend to watch or listen to that material in order to have an idea of what Bohm was seriously attracted to. This may give a better picture of who David Bohm really was, how his mind worked, what he devoted his time and energy to, etc. I hope the Krishnamurti Foundations (who owns the original material and copyrights) could elaborate an article or section about this fascinating collaborative relationship. Contactarlo (talk) 08:24, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:54, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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See also-Present
Present defined-"occurring now"-this would apply to his "Dialogue groups" activity of being present to what they are thinking-understanding and communicating.Arnlodg (talk) 17:19, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Bohm


text: Category:Swiss journalists

title: Category:Swiss journalists


text:
Larry Lucchino

Lawrence Lucchino (September 6, 1945 – April 2, 2024) was an American lawyer and Major League Baseball executive. He served as president of the Baltimore Orioles, president and chief executive officer (CEO) of the San Diego Padres, and president and CEO of the Boston Red Sox. He was also chairman of the Worcester Red Sox, the Triple-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox; chairman of The Jimmy Fund, the philanthropic arm of the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute; and president and CEO emeritus of Fenway Sports Group, the parent company of the Boston Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. Lucchino played college basketball for the Princeton Tigers.

Early life and education
Lawrence Lucchino was born on September 6, 1945, in Pittsburgh. He graduated from Taylor Allderdice High School, and attended Princeton University, where he played college basketball. He was a member of the Princeton Tigers men's basketball team for the 1964–65, 1965–66, and 1966–67 seasons. The 1964–65 Tigers, captained by Bill Bradley, advanced to the Final Four of the 1965 NCAA University Division basketball tournament.

Lucchino graduated from Princeton in 1967. He earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School, where he was a classmate of Hillary Clinton.

Career
After law school, Lucchino practiced law with the Washington, D. C., law firm of Williams & Connolly. The founder, famed litigator Edward Bennett Williams, had ownership interest in both the Washington Redskins and the Baltimore Orioles. Lucchino's law practice at Williams & Connolly included a substantial amount of work for those two sports teams. Through that work, Lucchino served on the Redskins' board of directors from 1979 to 1985.

Lucchino became president of the Baltimore Orioles, serving from 1988 to 1993, and president and CEO of the San Diego Padres, serving from 1995 to 2001. Lucchino subsequently joined the Boston Red Sox as president and CEO when John W. Henry purchased the team in December 2001. Lucchino was known for having initiated the trend of building baseball-only facilities with an old-fashioned charm and smaller seating capacities. Under his watch, both the Orioles and Padres built new stadiums, pioneering Oriole Park at Camden Yards and Petco Park, respectively.

He helped build Padres teams that made the playoffs in 1996 and 1998. They advanced to the 1998 World Series, which was instrumental in winning a city-wide vote in November 1998 to authorize the construction of Petco Park. Lucchino was named to the Padres Hall of Fame in 2022.

Boston Red Sox (2002–2021)

Lucchino brought future general manager Theo Epstein with him to the Red Sox from the Orioles and the Padres, having also encouraged Epstein to attend law school while he was working at the Padres.

Following the 2002 season, Pedro Martinez called Lucchino asking him to sign David Ortiz, who had been released by the Twins. Lucchino "always enjoyed a strong connection with Big Papi throughout his entire career". Lucchino hired Jean Marie Smith to initiate a nearly $300 million renovation project of Fenway Park over the next ten years, including the Green Monster seats.

Lucchino is credited with coining the term "Evil Empire" for the New York Yankees.

On August 1, 2015, the Red Sox announced that Lucchino was stepping down after the 2015 season. He retired on October 5, 2015, and became president/CEO emeritus of Fenway Sports Group. Lucchino continued as chairman and co-owner of the Pawtucket, Rhode Island-based Pawtucket Red Sox. He was a key figure in the relocation of the franchise to Worcester, Massachusetts, becoming the Worcester Red Sox for the 2021 minor league season. Lucchino served as that team's first chairman.

Personal life
Lucchino previously served on the board of directors for Special Olympics. He was a commencement speaker at several colleges in the New England area, including Boston University (2008), New England School of Law (2008), Bryant University (2009), and Anna Maria College (2010). He was awarded several honorary degrees, including from Boston University, Suffolk University, and Palomar College.

He was the only person known to have World Series rings (Orioles, 1983; Red Sox 2004, 2007, 2013 and 2018), a Super Bowl ring (Redskins, 1982) and a Final Four watch (Princeton, 1965). He was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2016, and into the San Diego Padres Hall of Fame in 2022. He was also inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame, the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame, and the Taylor Allderdice High School Hall of Fame. He was named chairman of The Jimmy Fund in 2016.

Lucchino was a non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivor, undergoing radiation treatment in 1986 after his diagnosis in September 1985. In October 1999, he had surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital to remove localized prostate cancer. In December 2019, he underwent surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston to remove a cancerous blockage in the kidney area. In August 2023, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute presented Lucchino with the Boston Red Sox Jimmy Fund Award for his help in raising $142 million over the years.

He was married to Stacey Johnson, and he adopted her two children, Davis and Blair.

Death
On April 2, 2024, Lucchino died from heart failure at his home in Brookline, Massachusetts, at the age of 78.

title: Larry Lucchino


text: Category:Swiss naturalists

title: Category:Swiss naturalists