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John Sexton

John Edward Sexton (born September 29, 1942) is an American legal scholar. He is the Benjamin F. Butler Professor of Law at New York University where he teaches at the law school and NYU's undergraduate colleges. Sexton served as the fifteenth president of NYU, from 2002 to 2015. During his time as president, NYU's stature rose dramatically into the ranks of the world's top universities, and it became the world's first global network university. Sexton has been called a "transformational" figure in higher education and was named by Time Magazine as one of the United States' 10 best college presidents.

From 1988 to 2002, he served as dean of the NYU School of Law, during which time NYU became one of the top five law schools in the country according to U.S. News & World Report. In 2000, Kent D. Syverud, then-dean of the Vanderbilt University Law School, called John Sexton the most effective dean of his generation.

Sexton has served as chair of several major higher education organizations, including the Association of American Law Schools, the American Council on Education, the Independent Colleges and Universities of New York State, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the University of the People President's Council. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has received many awards and honors for his work in education, including the American Council on Education's Theodore M. Hesburgh Award for Leadership Excellence and 24 honorary doctoral degrees. In July 2008, he was named as Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, the national order of the Legion of Honor of France. From January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2007, Sexton was the Chairman of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; in 2006, he served as chair of the Federal Reserve System's Council of Chairs.

Throughout his time as dean and president of NYU, Sexton continued to teach a full faculty schedule (at least four courses) and to write books and articles. Since stepping down as NYU’s president, Sexton has continued to teach a full schedule and write both for the academic and popular press. He also has worked to expand access to education for underrepresented groups and refugees — the most notable of these efforts is the Catalyst Foundation for Universal Education, created with former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown to advance opportunities for refugees worldwide.

Education and early career
Sexton graduated from Brooklyn Preparatory School, a Jesuit high school, in 1959. He has written and spoken much about his time at Brooklyn Prep and Charlie Winans, who he has referred to as his "great teacher."

Sexton holds a BA. in history (1963), an MA in comparative religion (1965), and a PhD in history of American religion (1978) from Fordham University, as well as a JD (1979) magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he was Supreme Court Editor of the Harvard Law Review.

From 1966 to 1975, he taught religion at St. Francis College in Brooklyn, New York, where he was chair of the Religion Department. In 1977, he incorporated the John Sexton Test Preparation Center in the New York City area, which offered test preparation services for exams such as the GMAT and LSAT. According to a government report, it served 6,500 students and had revenue of over $650,000 in 1979.

From 1961 to 1975, Sexton coached the debate team at St. Brendan's High School, a Catholic girls' school in Brooklyn, New York, leading the team to five national championships and numerous invitational titles. He was named to the National Forensic League Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2005, the Barkley Forum at Emory University presented him with a Golden Anniversary Coaching Award recognizing him as a top high school debate coach of the past 50 years. Still an avid proponent of interscholastic debate, he is chairman of the board of Associated Leaders of Urban Debate (ALOUD), which seeks to bring debate activities to underserved communities in America's urban areas.

After graduating from Harvard Law School, he clerked for judges Harold Leventhal and David L. Bazelon of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1979-80, and he clerked for Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger in 1980-81.

Dean of New York University School of Law
Sexton joined the faculty of the New York University School of Law in 1981, teaching first year law students Civil Procedure (the rules of courts); he was given tenure in 1983.

In 1988, Sexton was named dean of the New York University School of Law, succeeding Norman Redlich. During his deanship, NYU's School of Law rose to number four in the U.S. News & World Report rankings of law schools; an emphasis on faculty recruitment reduced the student faculty ratio from 19:1 to 12:1; the Hauser Global Law School Program was established; the school became among the most selective in the U.S. (average LSAT scores rose from the 94th to the 97th percentile; average GPAs rose from 3.54 to 3.66); and in 1998 the school completed the then-largest fundraising campaign in the history of legal education ($185 million). After he stepped down as dean to become president of NYU in 2002, the law school named a professorship after him, the John E. Sexton Professor of Law, held presently by Richard B. Stewart, as well as named a lounge after him at Furman Hall, the John Sexton Student Forum. In addition, the law school as created a set of scholarships for students named in his honor.

President of New York University
Sexton was named the 15th president of New York University by NYU's Board of Trustees on May 8, 2001, two months after then-President L. Jay Oliva announced that he was stepping down. "I am a very fortunate man," Sexton told the New York Daily News in an article published the next day. He assumed the post of president on May 17, 2002, one day after the 2002 All-University Commencement, and his official installation occurred on September 26, 2002. In 2009, NYU's Board of Trustees asked him to stay on as president until 2016, and Sexton accepted.

In addition to his duties as NYU President, Sexton has taught a full faculty schedule — at least four courses — every year since 1981 without sabbatical. He teaches both law students and undergraduates across NYU's Global Network in New York and Abu Dhabi  and has taught classes in Shanghai. A book based on one of the courses, Baseball as a Road to God, was published in 2013 He also taught a year-long course on the American Constitution, religion, and government for the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Scholars Program (for outstanding undergraduate students in United Arab Emirates' institutions of higher learning who are selected for special academic and leadership opportunities).

During his presidency, NYU was named the "number one dream school" four times by The Princeton Review. In addition, NYU rose across college rankings, including in US News & World Report, the Times Higher Education, the Financial Times, and Bloomberg BusinessWeek. In 2014, NYU received a record number of prospective applicants for freshman admission for the seventh straight year in a row.

According to a press release from NYU, during Sexton's presidency applications for freshman admission more than doubled, from 29,000 to over 60,000.

Expansion of the Arts and Science faculty
In 2004, Sexton announced a program — the Partners Plan — to expand tenured and tenure-track faculty in the arts and sciences by 20%, the largest such expansion in the university's history. By fall 2009, faculty hires under the Partners Plan included totaled 245, including 124 hires to replace departing faculty and 121 new hires to expand the arts and science faculty.

Fundraising campaign
In 2008, NYU successfully finished what was then the largest completed fundraising campaign in higher education. The Campaign for NYU, with a stated goal of raising $2.5 billion, ultimately raised over $3 billion. In 2009, NYU's fundraising continued to exceed $1 million per day in spite of the economic crisis.

The Global Network University
In October 2007, NYU announced the creation of New York University Abu Dhabi, the first such campus to be operated abroad by a major research university. The school, which the university is referring to as the "world's honors college," recruits top students and faculty from around the world, and began classes in the fall of 2010. NYU Abu Dhabi recruited an outstandingly strong first freshman class, which was notable for its selectivity (189 students were accepted out of 9,048 applicants worldwide (an acceptance rate of 2.1%), with a 79.4 percent yield), its geographic diversity (the class of 150 students will include students from 39 countries on six continents), and the academic qualifications of its students (at the classes' 75th percentile, the SAT critical reading score was 770 (behind only four US universities) and the math score was 780 (ranking it sixth); the median SAT score (on the 1600 scale) was 1470). The recruitment of the class was reported on in an article in The New York Times on June 21, 2010. Newsweek magazine carried a Q+A with Sexton about the Abu Dhabi campus in August 2008. Sexton discussed the emergence of NYU as a Global Network University in an interview on National Public Radio's Weekend Edition Sunday with David Greene in August 2009, as well as in two articles in Abu Dhabi's English-language newspaper The National (Abu Dhabi).

During Sexton's presidency, the percentage of NYU students studying abroad approximately doubled to over 40 percent, and the Institute of International Education recognized NYU as sending more students abroad than any other U.S. university. The number of study abroad sites doubled, including the first sites in Asia and Africa. In fall 2009, under Sexton, NYU opened a site in Tel Aviv. In addition to its portal campus in Abu Dhabi, NYU operated ten global sites on five continents. In November 2014, the IIE reported that NYU, for the first time, hosted more international students than any other U.S. university. Beyond its global sites, individual NYU schools and programs operate some two dozen international programs, including NYU's Tisch School of the Arts' TischAsia in Singapore. The Stern School of Business implemented global components in its undergraduate curriculum. The NYU School of Law established an LLM joint degree program with the National University of Singapore.

Sexton discussed the idea of the Global Network University at length in late 2009 with Richard Heffner on The Open Mind (TV series). "The New Global University" was a topic of the British Council's Going Global conference in March 2010, at which Sexton was invited to speak.

At the events marking the announcement of Gordon Brown as NYU's first Global Distinguished Leader in Residence in December 2010, he discussed the Global Network University concept at length.

On March 28, 2011, under Sexton, the University announced the creation of New York University Shanghai, a research university with a liberal arts and science college in China's financial capital, the first American university with independent legal status approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education, and the result of a partnership between NYU and Shanghai. Also in March 2011, NAFSA: Association of International Educators recognized NYU with its Senator Paul Simon Award for Campus Internationalization, and Fast Company (magazine) named NYU #1 on its list of education innovators, citing the opening of NYU Abu Dhabi.

In April 2011, at the U.S. State Department's US-China Consultation on People-to-People Exchange, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton cited NYU's announcement about the opening of NYU Shanghai, and praised John Sexton's work on the project.

On July 11, 2011, in response to the detention of law-abiding democracy advocates by the government of the United Arab Emirates and Sexton's suggestion that such detention was appropriate to the UAE's "security concerns," Human Rights Watch asked Sexton to publicly retract his statements on the matter. He did not respond to this request.

Undergraduate programs
Both Sexton's own transition reports and the Middle States Accreditation Report cited the need to enhance the experience of NYU undergraduates. Since Sexton's appointment, NYU put in place the award-winning 24/7 Wellness Exchange, specialized programming in student dorms, and novel resources to assist students. In addition, NYU's Student Health Center has been a pioneer in depression screening among college students.

Leadership positions in major academic organizations and think tanks
While Dean of the NYU School of Law, Sexton served as president of the Association of American Law Schools. In 2009, Sexton served as chair of the Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities, vice-chair and chair-designate of the American Council on Education, and chair of the New York Academy of Sciences. He is also a member of the board of the Association of American Universities, a member of the board of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, and a member of the board of the Institute of International Education.

Sexton is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and on the Advisory Board of the Genesis Prize Foundation. He is a fellow of the Foreign Policy Association.

In 2008-09, Sexton co-chaired (with Rick Trainor, the principal of King's College London) the US-UK Study Group on Higher Education in a Global Environment, a working group of university presidents constituted by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown.

In March 2010, Sexton was named Chair of the American Council on Education.

In 2011, Sexton led a blue ribbon panel assembled by the American Council on Education that issued a report on the competitiveness of U.S. universities and the global higher education environment.

Framework 2031 and NYU 2031 expansion plan
In 2002, Sexton's transition teams identified the need for improved and better coordinated planning.

In June 2008, NYU published Framework 2031, which reviewed and addressed the key issues, concerns, and opportunities the university would confront over the two-plus decades leading to its bicentennial.

Increases in the size of the student body and program development that began to accelerate in the 1990s sparked resistance in the Greenwich Village neighborhood, as community members opposed NYU's expansion projects. In 2007, NYU began a space planning process with intensive community involvement to provide a roadmap for aligning the university's academic needs and its growth through 2031; the process included a number of open houses to provide for community input. In April 2010, Sexton announced NYU 2031: NYU in NYC, a long-term, citywide strategic framework for how and where NYU should develop space for its academic mission. The strategy envisioned the addition of as much as 6000000 sqft of space over more than two decades, but recognized that all of NYU's space needs could not be accommodated within its neighborhood; therefore NYU 2031: NYU in NYC called for fully half of the growth to be spread over three locations outside Greenwich Village — along Manhattan's East Side health corridor, in Downtown Brooklyn, and on Governors Island — and half in or near its core.

In March 2011, NYU announced updates to its plans to expand over the coming two decades, and in particular its proposal for the two "superblocks" near its campus core. Following editorial support by several New York City newspapers and the approval of the New York City Planning Commission, the New York City Council approved the NYU 2031 proposals in July 2012 by a vote of 44-1.

Opposition to and ultimate approval of NYU's 2031 plan
A faculty organization called "Faculty Against the Sexton Plan" was formed to fight the administration's plans, which had prompted contentious public meetings within the Greenwich Village community prior to the near-unanimous approval by the City. That group was one of a number of plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the university over the plan; in October 2014, the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court ruled for NYU and the City and against the plaintiffs.

On March 15, 2013, Sexton lost a vote of no confidence among NYU Faculty of Arts and Science, by a vote of 52% to 39% with 8% abstaining; with a total of 83% voter participation. Subsequently, faculty of the Gallatin School, the Steinhardt School, and the Tisch School also passed votes of no confidence. However, the NYU Board of Trustees reaffirmed their support for Sexton; moreover, the faculty of the NYU School of Law passed a faculty vote of confidence in Sexton by 59-2 (with 3 abstentions), the Faculty Council at the School of Medicine passed a resolution of support for Sexton 28-9, and the School of Social Work voted down a motion of no confidence 20-12 (with 9 abstentions).

Some members of the faculty claimed that the administration of New York University, in seeking approvals for the NYU 2031 plan, would create a development project that would remove large tracts of open space from Greenwich Village and create a construction zone on and off for years to come. Out of 170 academic departments in the University, 37 passed resolutions against the NYU 2031 plan, including a majority of the departments in the Faculty of Arts and Science; in response, Sexton indicated in a University Senate meeting in spring 2012 that he would establish a presidential working group, composed largely of faculty selected by the Faculty Senators Council and the schools and chaired by the head of the Faculty Senators Council, to review space and development issues. That group, the University Space Priorities Working Group, began its work in fall 2012; it completed its work in March 2014. In its final report, the group found that NYU did indeed have a pressing need for additional academic space, determined that the university's plans for a new facility were within it financial means, and recommended that the university construct on the site of the Coles Sports and Recreation Center.

After receiving editorial support by New York City newspapers, including The New York Times, the New York Daily News, the New York Post, Crain's New York Business, and the New York Observer, and the approval of the New York City Planning Commission, the New York City Council overwhelmingly approved, by a margin of 44-1, the NYU 2031 proposals in July 2012.

Grad student labor dispute
In November 2013, NYU and the United Auto Workers (which represented graduate teaching assistants, or TAs) announced a joint agreement to recognize a graduate student union; in March 2015, the two sides reached agreement on a contract. In the preceding years, there was controversy at NYU over the issue of collective bargaining and union representation for TAs as well as research assistants (RAs). In 2001, NYU signed the first and only collective bargaining agreement for TAs at a private university. In July 2004, in a case involving Brown University, the National Labor Relations Board reversed its 2000 ruling involving NYU and determined that graduate students are not workers. In the spring and summer of 2005, there were discussions between NYU and the UAW to try to come to terms on a new contract. Ultimately, this proved unsuccessful, and NYU decided not to negotiate a second contract with the Graduate Student Organizing Committee, sparking a strike among graduate assistants in late 2005 and criticism of Sexton. GSOC called off the strike in 2006. In 2009, NYU's Graduate School of Arts & Science – home to most of NYU's fully funded graduate students — modified its financial aid packages for graduate students to eliminate assistantship duties; thereafter, graduate students who wished to teach could do so (with additional compensation beyond their graduate study stipends) as adjunct faculty, who are unionized at NYU.

Return to NYU School of Law
Sexton decided to retire as the university's president after his contract expired in 2016 after 14 years as president; he subsequently returned full-time to NYU School of Law, where he was previously dean for 14 years and a faculty member for seven years. He also continues to teach at the university's undergraduate colleges, as he did during his term as president.

Salary and compensation
In the 2007-08 school year, Sexton received $1.3 million in executive compensation for his service as president of the university. His salary later increased to $1.5 million. Sexton was scheduled to receive a length of service bonus of $2.5 million in 2015 as well as $800,000 annually in retirement.

Writing
Sexton co-edits the textbook Civil Procedure: Cases and Materials, now in its thirteenth edition (with John Cound, Jack Friedenthal, Helen Hershkoff, and Arthur R. Miller), which is widely used in law schools throughout the United States. In addition, he co-wrote with Samuel Estreicher the book Redefining the Supreme Court's Role: A Theory of Managing the Federal Judicial Process as well as the 141-page NYU Law Review article A Managerial Theory of the Supreme Court's Responsibilities: An Empirical Study in 1984. These works were the centerpiece of a national debate over the creation of a new intermediate court to fit between the United States Courts of Appeals and both the Supreme Court of the United States and state supreme courts. Sexton also wrote How Free Are We?: What the Constitution Says We Can and Cannot Do (with Nat Brandt).

Sexton authored Baseball as a Road to God: Seeing Beyond the Game with Thomas Oliphant and Peter J. Schwartz, a New York Times bestselling non-fiction book published in 2013. The book is based on an NYU undergraduate course that Sexton teaches of the same name, which uses baseball as a vehicle to examine the formative material of religion.

His most recent book is Standing For Reason: The University in a Dogmatic Age, which former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called "an incisive analysis of the collapse of political discourse" provided by "one of the leading educators of our time." This work was based on Sexton's "Reflections on Higher Education" published periodically over the course of his presidency of NYU.

Awards and recognition
Sexton has received numerous commendations from NYU in recognition of his contributions to the university, including the 2015 Judge Edward Weinfeld Award (NYU School of Law's highest honor); the 2016 Eugene J. Keogh Award for Distinguished Public Service; and the 2019 Albert Gallatin Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Society (the university's highest honor). In addition, he was honored in 2016 as the recipient of the President’s Distinguished Leadership Award from the School of Law's Black, Latino, Asian Pacific American Law Alumni Association.

In addition to his degrees from Fordham University (PhD, MA, and BA) and Harvard University (JD), Sexton holds honorary degrees from 24 institutions: Asian University for Women (2023), Brooklyn Law School (2016), Drexel University (2016), Felician University (2016), Fordham University (2005), University of Haifa (2022), Hamilton College (2011), Iona College (New York) (2011), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (2005), King's College London (2013), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (2023), Miami Dade College (2014), Mount Aloysius College (2018), Northeastern University (2018), University of Rochester (2005), Saint Francis College (1996), St. John's University (New York) (2007), Saint Joseph's College (New York) (2010), Union College (2017), University of Strathclyde (2013), University of Surrey (2011), Wake Forest University (2017), University of Warwick (2011), and Yeshiva University (2011).

Sexton has received numerous other awards, including:

 * In 1995, Sexton was named the Brooklyn Prep "Alumnus of the Year."
 * In 2002, an endowed professorship – the John Edward Sexton Professorship of Law – was created in his honor at the NYU School of Law. Subsequently, the law school established student scholarships in his name and the university's Wagner Graduate School of Public Service established a fellowship program in honor of Sexton's late wife, Lisa Ellen Goldberg. NYU also established a university-wide professorship named in honor of Goldberg, held presently by Vice Chancellor Linda Mills.
 * In 2003, the 60th anniversary edition of NYU's Annual Survey of American Law was dedicated to Sexton.
 * In 2005, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Stephen A. Schwarzman.
 * In 2005, Sexton was selected as the featured speaker of the Harvard Law School Forum.
 * In July 2008, he was named a Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur.
 * In October 2009, Sexton was suggested as a recipient of a prize for leadership on Washingtonpost.com by Paul R. Portney, dean of the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona.
 * In November 2009, Time (magazine) named Sexton one of the 10 Best College Presidents.
 * In March 2015, Sexton was honored with the Theodore Hesburgh Award by the American Council on Education and the TIAA-CREF Institute. The award is given annually to a college or university president in recognition of outstanding leadership.

Media
Over the years, Sexton has been the subject of several public profiles in prominent media venues. In September 2009, he was featured in The New York Times section Sunday Routines. In March 2010, he was interviewed by Bill Moyers on the Public Broadcasting Service show Bill Moyers Journal. In May 2010, he was the subject of a NY1 profile on One on 1 with Budd Mishkin. That July, he appeared on Charlie Rose (talk show) to discuss the Global Network University, NYU's Abu Dhabi campus, and the state of public discourse, among other topics.

As president of NYU, Sexton discussed the nature of the university recurringly on The Open Mind (TV series).

He also appeared as a guest on The Colbert Report on December 6, 2006; during his time in the studio, he gave Stephen Colbert a hug, which he was known for giving affectionately on campus. He appeared again on Colbert on March 7, 2013 to promote his book Baseball as a Road to God, which he also discussed twice on MLB Network.

In addition, Sexton has been interviewed repeatedly in the business and popular press, including:

 * In August 2008, Sexton was cited in Newsweek magazine in a piece called "The Campus of the Future."
 * In May 2010, Sexton was profiled by Bloomberg Businessweek in an article that focused on his priorities for New York University.
 * The next month, in its 25th anniversary issue, Crains New York Business named Sexton one of its 25 People to Watch.
 * In December 2010, Sexton was cited in the On Leadership section of The Washington Post for his efforts as president of NYU.
 * In September 2013, he was the subject of a profile in The New Yorker.

Sexton was interviewed by sociologist Jonathan VanAntwerpen for chapter four of the book Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education (David L. Kirp et al.). He was also interviewed by Stephen Nelson about universities and their place in public dialogue for the book Leaders in the Labyrinth.

Personal life
Sexton's marriage to author Kathleen B. Jones, whom he met while a debate coach at St. Brendan's High School, was annulled after five years. Jones described the marriage as a "storybook romance" between a "young debate coach" and an "even younger star debater" in her non-fiction book Living Between Danger and Love.

He met Lisa E. Goldberg, who became his wife in 1976, while they were both students at Harvard Law School. Ms. Goldberg, who became president of the Charles H. Revson Foundation, died suddenly of a brain aneurysm on January 21, 2007 at age 54. Sexton says that his wife was reading a piece about immortality by the cosmologist Max Tegmark when she died. He eulogized her at a memorial service in February 2007.

Sexton's older child, Jed, is a Harvard graduate, an actor, and math teacher; in 2021, he entered law school and works on pro bono legal matters. He is married to Danielle DeCrette, a former administrative employee at the New York University School of Law. They have three daughters: Julia, Ava, and Natalie. Sexton's younger child is Katherine Lodgen Sexton, a graduate of Yale and the NYU School of Law. She is married to Matt Koons; they have one child, Ellis.

Thomas Oliphant's New York Times Bestseller Praying for Gil Hodges briefly mentions that Sexton grew up as a Brooklyn Dodgers fan. In fact, Sexton is such a well-known baseball fan that he was an early participant in rotisserie baseball, which later became known as fantasy baseball, as a member of the Eddie Gaedel Baseball League. Sexton was one of a number of celebrities who reminisced about their baseball memories on the HBO special Brooklyn Dodgers - Ghosts of Flatbush. In July 2009, Sexton threw out the first pitch at a Washington Nationals game. His favorite baseball announcer is Vin Scully. He teaches "Baseball as a Road To God" at NYU and in 2013 wrote a book of the same name. He is a Roman Catholic and a fan of Gregorian chants.

title: John Sexton


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User:Sampo Torgo

 Today is Monday, July 29, 2024; it is now UTC

 SAMPO• TORGO   talk|contrib|e-mail

wikipedian since 2004

Bienvenue
Bienvenue! I'm Sampo, a Cajun who lives in Louisiana. I received my undergraduate degree at LSU in Baton Rouge. (Geaux Tigers!) I've also done post-graduate work toward a PhD and MFA and taught undergraduate courses at UL Lafayette and Southern Illinois.

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title: User:Sampo Torgo


text:
ACME Anser

The ACME Anser was an amphibious twin-jet utility aircraft that was developed in the United States by Air Craft Marine Engineering in 1958. The project was cancelled before the prototype was complete.

Design and development
The ACME Company (Air Craft Marine Engineering Company), was formed in September 1954 by Robert M. Berns, a former Lockheed Missile Systems design engineer, to design and develop the prototype of an eight-seat amphibian executive aircraft. The ACME Anser, (Anser from 'Analytical Services', a contributor to the design), was to have been a 6-passenger jet-powered amphibian incorporating advance features; an advanced hull design from NACA test tank data, boundary layer control system and a retractable outboard motor, for taxiing on water.

The structure of the Anser was to have been largely formed of honeycomb skins using fibre-glass and light alloy skin. The cantilever shoulder-mounted wing was to have been a two-spar structure with honey-comb upper panels, fibre-glass leading edges and light-alloy lower skins with boundary-layer suction and re-circulation over flaps and ailerons. The hull was to have been formed with Magnesium alloy castings for high-stress areas and fibre-glass honeycomb skin panels. The tail unit was to have been a simplified light-alloy built-up structure with a plastic foam core mounting a V-tail and housing the retractable outboard motor. A retractable tri-cycle undercarriage was proposed with the main gear retracting into stabilising sponsons either side of the fuselage. The design of the Anser was to CARA 04b requirements allowing its use as a commercial aircraft.

The crew and passenger sat in a pressurised cabin lined with urethane foam for sound-proofing, shock absorption and thermal insulation.

The two Turbomeca based Continental Model 420 turbofan engines were mounted at the wing-root trailing edge adjacent to the fuselage, in easily removable engine change units, with fuel housed in wing leading edge, wing-tip tanks and a hull flexible bag tank.

A mock-up was completed before construction of a prototype and production were cancelled.

title: ACME Anser


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Talk:Phil Hellmuth

Name
Oops... this should be at Phil Hellmuth, Jr. (with the comma), but the existing redirect is in the way. - Furrykef 07:24, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Convention is to use the most common name, and this is the most common name. No other articles are in the way, so the article should stay at Phil Hellmuth. CryptoDerk 07:28, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

But common on what grounds? In everyday conversation, his name will likely be shortened to just "Phil Hellmuth", but if we consider only professional and/or reputable publications, we might well see "Phil Hellmuth, Jr." used more often. If we just go by Google, well, "Phil Hellmuth" wins, but Google doesn't answer that question. - Furrykef 09:04, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Right, this isn't an easy question for google to answer. However, from my experience watching televised poker shows he is rarely called "Junior" except in the context of his father. His author name on many websites, such as amazon.com, is "Phil Hellmuth", and on his official website philhellmuth.com, his name is written as "Phil Hellmuth" on all graphics.  Hence this is why I think "Phil Hellmuth" is the most common name.  If we did have an article about his father, I could understand moving this.  Hope this clears things up.  CryptoDerk 15:55, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

OK, I guess that's good enough. - Furrykef 21:46, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Quick note - I changed "the color commentator" to "commentator" in regards to his position on Celebrity Poker Showdown. Dave Foley is the color commentator.

POV about Hellmuth
I hate this kid, he thinks he is god.

We should talk about the opinionated statements which creep into this article. One user from the University of Rochester seems to insist on reverting to his version of the "Personality and controversy" section, including opinionated statements such as: Let's discuss the changes here. Rhobite 16:43, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Love him or hate him, Hellmuth has become arguably the most marketable personality in poker" - inappropriate for the encyclopedia to say that someone is 'arguably the most' anything. 'love him or hate him' is also a throwaway phrase.
 * "he certainly has the hardware to dignify his attitude" - inappropriate tone, and it also expresses the opinion that his skill justifies his childish behavior.
 * "Phil combines the mental capabilities of a rational adult with the maturity of a rebellious adolescent to create some great television." - pure opinion.

Maybe you're the user reverting to your version, Mr. Rhobite. What is it that makes you so god damned special!? I mean, aren't we supposed to take a neutral perspective in the first place??? How is it neutral if you always get to be the point of reference!?!?!? Geez.

I agree with the previous poster. Granted, I don't know anything at all about poker or Hellmuth, but nobody here has a monopoly on truth. Frankly, I am offended that anyone here thinks I am not intelligent enough to distinguish fact and opinion on my own. Perhaps we should tolerate differing viewpoints and let the readers decide for themselves.

 * That person has been vandalizing different articles like saying Chris Moneymaker is a bad player and Paul Phillips is a "taker". This vandalism should just be reverted right away. If someone wants to make a case for a non-standard entry they can make it here, but this junk opinion just needs to be cleaned up whenever it appears. 2005 20:36, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not my version, I didn't write this article. I just think that you may be confused about the requirements of the NPOV policy. See Neutral point of view. Why do you think that it is neutral to state that Hellmuth creates "great television", for example? That is your opinion. I'm not saying anything about your intelligence, I'm sure you're a very smart person. I just think that your edits express too much of an opinion about Hellmuth. Rhobite 01:35, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Rhobite, I think the word "great" may be confusing you. Sure, what's great for me isn't necessarilly great for you; but when something is great for the many, the qualification becomes objective. Hellmuth is regularly the chosen televised table, and was invited to this year's tournament of champions event (despite not qualifying) solely for his television appeal. He currently has logged more minutes on ESPN than any other player. I'm sorry if you don't know this subject well enough to understand it, but Hellmuth is univerally known and agreed to produce great television. If I watched Michael Jordan play basketball and thought he was bad, it would not change the fact that he could be objectively described as a "great" basketball player. Please stick to material that you understand well enough to be able to determine what is subjective and what is not. I see in your profile that you are interested in photography; I'm sure there are plenty of photography related sections that you could do better work with.

 * Please review the NPOV policy again. It would be opinionated to state that Hellmuth makes "great television" which is "appealing", regardless of whether this is true or false. Most people think ice cream tastes great, yet you'll notice that ice cream doesn't say "ice cream tastes great". Also, please refrain from personal attacks. See No personal attacks. Rhobite 13:42, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Oh, now you're comparing the legendary Phil Hellmuth to a pint of rocky rhode ice cream? What has this discussion degraded into. Different people have different tastes, but Hellmuth's television appeal can be statistically proven. Perhaps "popular television" would be more accurate, but the phrase "great television" is understood to mean just that. "Ice cream tastes great" is not analagous because the verb 'tastes' serves as a link between the noun 'ice cream' and the adjective 'great' implying that ice cream is objectively great. This would be a foolish leap and it would violate Wikipedia's NPOV policy. Please keep this dialogue on topic and refrain from such faulty analogs. The subject matter of this discussion is Phil Hellmuth, not ice cream or your aversion to personal attack.

Let's let others chime in on this topic and come to a clear consensus. Hellmuth's television appeal is an integral part of his notoriety, and excluding it simply because one user deems it to be opinioniated would do a terrible injustice to this page and a disservice to the Wikipedia community. Voice your opinions here - let your voice be heard!!!

 * Please refrain from posting your POV into this or other articles. Your opinion that he makes great television, like your speculation about what hasn't been shown on TV before, is completely inappropriate and will be removed if added again. 2005 21:23, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Speculation about what hasn't been shown on TV before?? I assume you mean brushing his teeth on ESPN. This is entirely true. It aired on one of the 2003 WSOP broadcasts. Here is a link so some vidcaps of the segment: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pokerplayer.se/images/phil.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pokerplayer.se/idolbilder.htm&h=240&w=352&sz=69&tbnid=h2RiDQfTIXcJ:&tbnh=79&tbnw=116&hl=en&start=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphil%2Bhellmuth%2B%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

I am saddened that you people insist on censoring objective truth. It's downright disgusting. If you insist on removing my edit simply because you do not have a full recollection of what has and what has not appeared on TV, then be ready for an all out war. I declare war on censor! You are either with us, or you're against us.

 * Up to this point all your contributions have been nonsense about Hellmuth making great TV and Raymer being fat. It's clear that you're just jerking people around here, so you've been temporarily blocked from editing Wikipedia. You're free to come back when you have something useful to contribute. Rhobite 02:00, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Umm.... so you respond to censorship allegations by banning my ability to edit?

I don't think many people would argue that Hellmuth makes great TV and Raymer is fat. Not worth mentioning, perhaps, but certainly not 'nonsense.' I'm pretty sure I never said Raymer is fat. I like Raymer, and plus.... calling someone fat isn't really funny. That's not my style. But maybe I was drunk or something. I usually am. Anyways, thanks for taking this whole thing so seriously and providing me with a little comedic relief. It's good to know there are people like you watching out for us! The Phil Hellmuth Wikipedia page will be a more objective learning tool because of you!!! RHOBITE RULES!!!!!

Question about the "Personality and Controversy" section
Is it just me, or does this section seem wishy-washy about Hellmuth's on-air antics? The line "...perceived inability to gracefully handle adversity and defeat" is especially difficult for me, since there's no "perceived" about it. Hellmuth's a horrible loser, one of the worst I've seen in any kind of competition in some time, and while I'm sure it makes good TV (especially when the WSOP hosts are cracking on him), it's painful to watch. Here's a re-write of the section that I came up with:

Hellmuth is one of the most recognizable figures in poker, and many players and fans of the game have strong opinions about him, both negative and positive. His nine WSOP bracelets bring him much recognition, and fellow pros respect his talent for the game, but his notoriety is likely more due to his well-documented bragging and inability to gracefully handle adversity and defeat. He has made many notable boasts while playing poker tournaments, usually after losing hands or being eliminated. Some televised examples include "I guess if luck wasn't involved I'd win every one" and "I've revolutionized the way to play Texas Hold'em". During the 2005 World Series of Poker Main Event, Hellmuth stated that he could "dodge bullets" after making a laydown to an opponent with two Aces (the best possible starting hand). He is usually called "the Poker Brat" but is sometimes referred to as "Hell Mouth" (a play on his surname, which could also apply to the profanity-laden rants he is often shown voicing after losing). Producers of televised poker tournaments like to train their cameras on Hellmuth to be sure to capture any antics, and he is a target of pointed verbal barbs from hosts of these tournaments when he shows his temper. WSOP co-host Norman Chad is one of the harshest of Hellmuth's on-air critics.

Hellmuth wrote a book titled Poker Brat, which contains autobiographical material as well as poker advice. No matter what he accomplishes in the game, this moniker may be his lasting legacy.

How's this sound? Willbyr 06:59, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry but that is way too much personal POV. The section isn't "wishy washy".  It states facts.  There is no reason to say his fame is "more likely" due to bragging or whatever.  That certainly is not true, in my opinion, even if true in your opinion.  The facts are that he is notable for outbursts and for poker accomplishments.  there is no reason to speculate or weight those two things against each other. 2005 08:45, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

We can be more objective simply by finding more quotes by Hellmuth and, also, quotes about Phil Hellmuth from accomplished players. There's no shortage of either! - Richardcavell 13:34, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree that there's a lot of POV in that paragraph; I was mainly trying to take what had been written before and alter it to take out the notion that his behavior is something that is "perceived" as happening when it is blatantly obvious that it happens. The "more likely" line was in there to start with, I just didn't take it out...it was very late and I couldn't think of a better way to write it. I also agree with Richardcavell; a comprehensive list of quotes from Hellmuth would be very helpful, as well as comments about him from other players and the WPT and WSOP TV hosts. Willbyr 17:45, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There are already examples of his blowhard statements. The article doesn't need more.  I don't see what you think is missing.  He makes himself look like a dick.  More quotes would be redundant and add nothing.  The point is there.  Also "perceived" definitely is more correct and needs to stay. Some of his outbursts are deliberately calculated.  Many aren't but the article shouldn't gullibly fall for or ignore his sometimes publicity hounding. 2005 18:10, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

I added a controversial quote of Hellmuth's and somebody removed it for no reason.

 * Use Wikiquote instead of Wikitionary then. That's the place for quotes to go. Essexmutant 11:04, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

NPOV
This page is still in need of some NPOV work. Since I know very little about the subject, I'll leave it to someone else. Have at it. Ckessler 00:05, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Please don't tag articles without being able to articulate a reason or even an example. 2005 06:38, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * A POV tag does nothing more than alert other editors to take a look at the article. POV is POV, no matter the subject, but I didn't feel qualified to alter any of the information in the article. An example?

You have made changes to this article, so obviously, they were warranted. Please do not remove NPOV tags until the cleanup is done, they exist for a reason. Ckessler 07:04, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * "While many professional players, amateurs, and fans alike consider his antics distasteful and abrasive at times, they respect his talent for the game and his personality when he is away from the table. It can be contended that Hellmuth engages in some bad etiquette purposely, since a large part of selling his image is as a "poker brat." Got cites on that? Or is that your opinion?
 * "No matter what Hellmuth accomplishes in the game, this moniker may be his lasting legacy."
 * "It can be contended that Hellmuth has bad etiquette purposely, in order to gain attention and ratings. There is no doubt that Hellmuth does very well with the several publications he has written and in his endorsements. A large part of that can be attributed to selling his image as a "poker brat."
 * "While his nine WSOP bracelets bring him much recognition, his notoriety is more likely due to his perceived inability to gracefully handle adversity and defeat."

 * Adding a PoV tag with no stated reason is lazy at best. All you had to do was mention what you think is inappropriate.  We aren't mindreaders. And then you even have the nerve to say not to remove POV tags until cleanup is done.  It has been done.  In the future please do not add tags without explaination, and without any apparent reason. These tags do exist for a reason, not to be applied cavalierly.  By the way, you should refer to Neutral point of view. Adding a tag or tags for specific citations would be appropriate, but this thing falls all over itself trying to avoid a POV on visual evidence, and has had literally dozens of POV/junk entries removed.  Specifics help.  Generalized assertion does not. 2005 10:46, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

I think this sentence is not neutral: "While many professional players, amateurs, and fans alike consider his antics distasteful and abrasive at times, they respect his talent for the game and his personality when he is away from the table." I don't think the people who consider his antics "distasteful and abrasive" generally respect his personality. A lot of people, like I and people on parody websites, hate him.-RemyGreen

In regards to the current controversy about Hellmuth being a "tourney specialist" - if the person who wants that statement put in can find some quotes from other people saying that Hellmuth's cash game is weak, then I can see the statement meriting inclusion. As it is, the statement has no real value. Willbyr (talk | contribs) 16:56, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I changed the statement to only include the reference to the TV show comments, but that still needs a citation. Citing one person saying his game stinks adds nothing to the article and would just be citation POV.  Multiple commenst on a TV could merit a sentence if cited, but you can easily find statements around the Internet saying almost any player plays lousy. 2005 20:52, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Bill Fillmaff
I noticed that 2005 removed the brief paragraph I added about Bill Fillmaff. (I know I added it in a clumsy spot, but I was just hoping to make an initial stab that would then be better worked into the article.) It's since been rewritten and added back in, in a better spot, but I'm wondering why 2005 thought it was "tedious junk" in the first place. I do think Bill Fillmaff is a notable parody of Phil Hellmuth, especially considering Phil's appearances with Bill. - furrykef (Talk at me) 02:42, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The current text links to an internal article. It's still basically offtopic trivia that would be better left out of the article, but in its current format at least there isn't spam linking so I'm okay with it. 2005 02:56, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Mm, I had only provided the links as direct sources to cite. I'm also not sure how it's off-topic, because the parody does get to the core about what people find annoying about Phil Hellmuth. - furrykef (Talk at me) 05:41, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I put the Fillmaff bit at the end of the section. It didn't really fit where it was. Otto4711 14:25, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Heh, that's where I had originally put it. - furrykef (Talk at me) 01:30, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Final Tables?
2(+2)? I don't think it's very clear what this means... at least I'm not sure what it means. TheHYPO 07:11, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The (+2) is for the final tables in invitational events - specifically the Bad Boys of Poker II and Poker by the Book events. The (+1) under WSOP is for the money finish in the 2005 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions. Thanks. Essexmutant 07:24, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

2006 WSOP player of the year
Didn't he win this, after a deep cash in one of the last added bracelet events, or did Madsen cash in one of the last events too? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Funkadillo (talk • contribs)

 * This is cardplayer's listing of poy, [] ▪◦▪ =Sirex   98=   06:14, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * 1 Michael Mizrachi
 * 2 Shannon Shorr
 * 3 Nam Le
 * 4 John Hoang
 * 5 Phil Hellmuth Jr.
 * No, this is about the WSOP Player of the Year award. Madsen did win it with Hellmuth finishing a close second. SubSeven 20:29, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
 * My mistake SubSeven is correct, Jeff Madsen Wins 2006 WSOP Player of the Year ▪◦▪ =Sirex   98=   20:57, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Phil Hellmuth - 2003 WSOP.jpg
Image:Phil Hellmuth - 2003 WSOP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:14, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Is there not a more recent fair use image available? That picture is pretty old. SmartGuy 16:17, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

GA fail
I'm sorry to inform the editors of this article that its Good Article nomination is being failed. Here are some things to fix before renomination: Good luck with improving the article! Nikki 311  18:17, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Per WP:LEAD, the lead should summarize all the main points of the article.
 * A citation is needed for saying he is best known for his "poker brat" personality.
 * the 24-year-old Hellmuth became the youngest player to win the Main Event of the WSOP by defeating the two-time defending champion, Johnny Chan in heads up play - cite?
 * The paragraphs are short and choppy. Paragraphs that are one or two sentences long should be merged or expanded.
 * There are some definite Manual of Style issues, so a copy edit would benefit the article. Try the League of Copyeditors or a Peer Review.
 * The references need to be formatted using the Template:cite web.

Tournament poker vs cash/"real" HM poker
No negative/diss about tournaments, - but it is a big difference between tournament and money/high-stake poker. Think might this should be made clearer in the article, - for the layman. When it goes to see the play check :

http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=High+Stakes+Poker+s01&emb=0#

http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=High+Stakes+Poker+s02&emb=0#

...

Edmundmedmunn (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 19:34, 20 November 2008 (UTC).

Software Error
Hellmuth did deny that the pot was awarded to him initially. When the player returned he asked Hellmuth if Hellmuth had been awarded the pot and Hellmuch said 'no'. This was at the table, not in press interviews. This was detailed in mulitple news sources as well as on the online forums.DegenFarang (talk) 12:23, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Why does the paragraph about this incident keep getting deleted? Perhaps those with an issue with it could discuss it here rather than making wholesale deletions... Hazir (talk) 00:45, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

This section needs to be deleted because none of the information here has been verified. You can't speculate in an encyclopedia entry. Unless you work for Ultimate Bet and were a part of this investigation (and if you were, you certainly couldn't be writing in this forum) then you are just putting in more untruths in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Imagorilla (talk • contribs) 18:21, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Also note the wiki article mentions the other guy got trip kings, while the note refers to an article that indicates the other guy had trip queens (note 32), although the article on note 31 confirms what appears in the wiki —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.201.163.134 (talk) 01:03, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Middle Name
Can this madness please end? Every few hours it seems the article keeps being changed from "Phillip J. Hellmuth, Jr." to "Phillip Jerome Hellmuth, Jr." to "Phillip Hellmuth, Jr." Hazir (talk) 21:19, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree, not quite to the point where protection is in order, but we need a reliable source before we can include the middle name/initial. Using Ancestry.com would constitute OR.--- Balloonman  NO! I'm Spartacus! 22:26, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I've warned both of the new accounts about adding unsourced materials and asked them to provide a source for the middle name. I've also placed a hidden note on the article itself stating that they needed to see the talk page before adding a middle name.  If this continues, the page will likely be protected.  Without a source, we cannot add this information.  Ancestory.com is not a reliable source and adding something based on something somebody found there is pure OR.  If they can provide a reliable source, then I have ZERO problem with the inclusion of Jerome as the middle name.  Without a source, and I couldn't find anything in a quick search online, this is a BLP concern.--- Balloonman  NO! I'm Spartacus! 14:28, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Hello Baloonman

I stated the following in my LAST edit on the page:

Hello balloonman

I originally changed the edit from user 174.100.245.201 many revisions back. He had changed it to Jerome which is correct as I asked Phil personally as we played poker on Ultimate bet.I returned it to the originally approved "J." as someone else had come in and changed it to Jeromey to mislead others. The reason for the interest in his middle name, is a free poker tourney which requires Phils middle name. So, some of the edits, such as Jeromery, were to mislead others. THAT is whay I returned it to the original approved "J.".

Thank you Bluesman53 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bluesman53 (talk • contribs) 16:18, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Phil Hellmuth - Poet, children's books author and novelist?
In the televised 1989 WSOP the commentator says Hellmuth "writes children's books in his spare time" and in an article about his win, Hellmuth is refered to as "a poet who also writes children's books and novels". Does anyone have any info about this? Entheta (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Inflation Adjusted Update
Hellmuth has been surpassed by Ivey in the all-time inflation-adjusted tournament winnings. Considering he is fourth in the non inflation-adjusted list and the fact that the list isn't mentioned on any other Wikipedia page, I've removed the whole thing instead of just saying he's now 2nd. JaeDyWolf ~ Baka-San (talk) 12:18, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Leaving UltimateBet
Phil Hellmuth is leaving UltimateBet. It can be read about here: JaeDyWolf ~ Baka-San (talk) 15:51, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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One round penalty
What is a one round penalty and can a player lose chips on a one round penalty? Mobile mundo (talk) 23:06, 2 August 2017 (UTC)
 * A player must step away from the table for a certain amount of hands. They lose whatever chips they have to put in as antes or blinds during that time. 2005 (talk) 04:13, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * Phil Hellmuth 2020.jpg

title: Talk:Phil Hellmuth


text:
Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon

The Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon, is an award of the United States Navy which was established on December 12, 2003 by order of Secretary of the Navy Gordon R. England for a successful tour of duty with the United States Navy Ceremonial Guard or USS Constitution ending on or after May 1, 2001. A Sailor's service prior to this date does not qualify the member for the ribbon.

History
The ribbon was originally created in 2003 as the Navy Ceremonial Guard Ribbon to honor Sailors of that command, who form the Navy's Presidential honor guard and conduct all Navy funerals at Arlington National Cemetery. As of January 17, 2012 the name of the Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon was changed to the Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon so that Sailors serving aboard USS Constitution, who give tours of the ship, could also receive the ribbon.

Eligibility
The Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon is presented to those members of the U.S. Navy who, while stationed in Washington, D.C., complete a standard tour of duty with the United States Navy Ceremonial Guard. A standard tour is defined as at least two years of duty with no disciplinary action, above average evaluations, and adherence to physical and military bearing standards of the Navy Ceremonial Guard. Sailors must also be in a drilling status for 18 months, and reach at least Standard Honors qualification within one of the Guard's four platoons (firing party, casket bearers, color guard, or drill team). It can also be presented to personnel who complete a successful tour aboard USS Constitution, defined in this case as a tour of 24 months, completion of all required qualifications, and maintaining outstanding personal appearance and a discipline free record.

The only awarding authorities for the Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon are the commanding officer of the United States Navy Ceremonial Guard, headquartered at Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling in the District of Columbia; and the commanding officer of USS Constitution, which is berthed at the Charlestown Navy Yard. Multiple awards of the Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon are denoted by 3/16" bronze service stars, however only one award of the ribbon is authorized for each tour of duty.

title: Navy Ceremonial Duty Ribbon


text:
ISK (disambiguation)

ISK may mean:

Finance

 * Icelandic króna (ISO 4217 currency code )
 * Interstellar Kredit, a fictional currency from the MMO online videogame Eve Online

Places

 * Gandhinagar Airport (former IATA airport code ), Nashik, Maharashtra, India; a former airport
 * Nashik Airport (IATA airport code ), Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Groups, companies, organizations

 * Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province, sometimes referred to as Islamic State Khorasan (ISK or IS-K)
 * Intelligence Services Knox, a British WW2 decryption office operated by Dilly Knox
 * Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (International Socialist Militant League), former German socialist party during the Weimar Republic and WW2
 * InterSky (ICAO airline code ), a German airline

Schools

 * International School of Kabul, Afghanistan
 * International School of Kenya, Nairobi
 * International School of Koje, South Korea
 * International School of Kraków, Poland

Other uses

 * Ishkashimi language (ISO 639 language code ), an Iranian language
 * Izvan Svake Kontrole (TV show), a Bosnian TV show on Kanal 1 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

title: ISK (disambiguation)


text:
Nordic Bronze Age

The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age, or Scandinavian Bronze Age) is a period of Scandinavian prehistory from c. 2000/1750–500 BC.

The Nordic Bronze Age culture emerged about 1750 BC as a continuation of the Battle Axe culture (the Scandinavian Corded Ware variant) and Bell Beaker culture, as well as from influence that came from Central Europe. This influence most likely came from people similar to those of the Unetice culture, since they brought customs that were derived from Unetice or from local interpretations of the Unetice culture located in North Western Germany. The metallurgical influences from Central Europe are especially noticeable. The Bronze Age in Scandinavia can be said to begin shortly after 2000 BC with the introduction and use of bronze tools, followed by a more systematic adoption of bronze metalworking technology from 1750 BC.

The Nordic Bronze Age maintained close trade links with Mycenaean Greece, with whom it shares several striking similarities. Some cultural similarities between the Nordic Bronze Age, the Sintashta/Andronovo culture and peoples of the Rigveda have also been detected. The Nordic Bronze Age region included part of northern Germany, and some scholars also include sites in what is now Estonia, Finland and Pomerania as part of its cultural sphere.

The people of the Nordic Bronze Age were actively engaged in the export of amber, and imported metals in return, becoming expert metalworkers. With respect to the number and density of metal deposits, the Nordic Bronze Age became the richest culture in Europe during its existence.

Iron metallurgy began to be practised in Scandinavia during the later Bronze Age, from at least the 9th century BC. Around the 5th century BC, the Nordic Bronze Age was succeeded by the Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Jastorf culture. The Nordic Bronze Age is often considered ancestral to the Germanic peoples.

Origins
The Nordic Bronze Age is a successor of the Corded Ware culture in southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany. It appears to represent a fusion of elements from the Corded Ware culture and the preceding Pitted Ware culture. The decisive factor that triggered the change from the Chalcolithic Battle Axe culture into the Nordic Bronze Age is often believed to have been metallurgical influence as well as general cultural influence from Central Europe, similar in custom to those of the Unetice culture.

Chronology
Oscar Montelius, who coined the term used for the period, divided it into six distinct sub-periods in his piece Om tidsbestämning inom bronsåldern med särskilt avseende på Skandinavien ("On Bronze Age dating with particular focus on Scandinavia") published in 1885, which is still in wide use. His relative chronology has held up well against radiocarbon dating, with the exception that the period's start is closer to 1700 BC than 1800 BC, as Montelius suggested. For Central Europe a different system developed by Paul Reinecke is commonly used, as each area has its own artifact types and archaeological periods.

A broader subdivision is the Early Bronze Age, between 1700 BC and 1100 BC, and the Late Bronze Age, 1100 BC to 550 BC. These divisions and periods are followed by the Pre-Roman Iron Age.

Settlements
Settlement in the Nordic Bronze Age period consisted mainly of single farmsteads, which usually consisted of a longhouse plus additional four-post built structures (helms). Longhouses were initially two aisled, and after c. 1300 BC three aisled structure became normal. Some longhouses were exceptionally large (up to about 500 m2 in area), and have been described as "chiefly halls", "the sitting area of which is the size of a megaron in contemporary Mycenean palaces". Larger settlements are also known (such as Hallunda and Apalle in Sweden and Voldtofte in Denmark), as well as fortified sites, specialist workshops for metalwork and ceramic production, and dedicated cult houses. Settlements were geographically located on higher ground, and tended to be concentrated near the sea. Certain settlements functioned as regional centres of power, trade, craft production, and ritual activity. The Bronze Age fortified town of Hünenburg bei Watenstedt in northern Germany (12th c. BC) has been described as a trading post for people from Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea region, as well as a cult centre and seat of a ruling elite.

Burials
Associated with Nordic Bronze Age settlements are burial cairns, mounds and cemeteries, with interments including oak coffins and urn burials; other settlement associations include rock carvings, or bronze hoards in wetland sites. Some burial mounds are especially large and, with respect to the amount of gold and bronze in them, extraordinarily rich for this time period. Examples of prominent burial mounds include the Håga mound and Kivik King's Grave in Sweden, and the Lusehøj in Denmark. A minimum of 50,000 burial mounds were constructed between 1500 and 1150 BC in Denmark alone.

Oak coffin burials dating from the 14th–13th centuries BC contained well-preserved mummified bodies, along with their clothing and burial goods. The bodies were intentionally mummified by watering the burial mounds to create a bog-like, oxygen-free environment within the graves. This practice may have been stimulated by cultural influence from Egypt, as it coincided with the appearance of Egyptian artefacts in Scandinavia and the appearance of Baltic amber in Egypt (e.g. in the tomb of Tutankhamun). However, intentional mummification within oak coffin burials has also been noted in Britain at an earlier date (c. 2300 BC).

The Late Bronze Age King's Grave of Seddin in northern Germany (9th century BC) has been described as a "Homeric burial" due to its close similarity to contemporary elite burials in Greece and Italy.

Agriculture
In the Nordic Bronze Age, both agriculture (including cultivation of wheat, millet, and barley) and animal husbandry (keeping of domesticated animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs) were practiced. Fishing and hunting were also sources of food, which included shellfish, deer, elk, and other wild animals. There is evidence that oxen were used as draught animals; domesticated dogs were common, but horses were rarer and probably status symbols.

Metalwork
Scandinavian Bronze Age sites present a rich and well-preserved legacy of bronze and gold objects. These valuable metals were all imported, primarily from Central Europe, but they were often crafted locally and the craftsmanship and metallurgy of the Nordic Bronze Age was of a high standard. The lost-wax casting method was used to produce artefacts such as the Trundholm Sun Chariot and the Langstrup belt plate. The archaeological legacy also encompasses locally crafted wool and wooden objects.

During the 15th and 14th centuries BC, southern Scandinavia produced and deposited more elaborate bronzes in graves and hoards than any other region of Europe. As regards the number and density of metal deposits, the Nordic Bronze Age became the richest culture in Europe. More Bronze Age swords have also been found in Denmark than anywhere else in Europe. Uniform crucibles found at metal workshop sites further indicate the mass production of certain metal artefacts.

Rock carvings
The west coast of Sweden, namely Bohuslän, has the largest concentration of Bronze Age rock carvings in Scandinavia; and Scandinavia has the largest number of Bronze Age rock carvings in Europe. The west coast of Sweden is home to around 1,500 recorded rock engraving sites, with more being discovered every year. When the rock carvings were made, the area was the coastline; but it is now 25 meters above sea level. The engravings in the region depict everyday life, weapons, human figures, fishing nets, ships, chariots, plows, the sun, deer, bulls, horses, and birds. By far, the most dominant theme is human figures and ships, especially ships — 10,000 of which have recorded. The typical ship depicts a crew of six to thirteen. Rock carvings in the late Bronze Age, and even the early Iron Age, often depict conflict, power, and mobility.

Warrior ethos
The culture of the Nordic Bronze Age was that of a warrior culture, with a strong emphasis on weapons and status. Helle Vandkilde of Aarhus University, in her publications from 1995, describes most men of the period as having followed a warrior ethos. More than 70% of burials dating to the Nordic Bronze Age contain metal objects of various kinds, the most common objects being swords and daggers. It is noted that the people of the Nordic Bronze Age also placed great importance on helmets of intricate design, which they put much effort into making. However, not all of the weapons and armour of the Nordic Bronze Age were used for warfare. Some of them are believed to have been ceremonial, especially the helmets.

Despite the importance of weapons in their society, archaeological discoveries suggest that intrasocietal violence was not particularly common in the Nordic Bronze Age, especially not when compared to contemporary European Bronze Age cultures. The people of the Nordic Bronze Age seem to instead have been directing their military efforts outwards, likely against people of neighbouring cultures, and are believed to have participated in battles along the Amber Road and other trade routes that were important for the continuous prosperity of their society.

Many of the stone carvings from the Nordic Bronze Age depict boats in great numbers as well as groups of armed men manning the boats. Finds such as the Hjortspring boat, among others, give further credence to the theory that Bronze Age people in Scandinavia relied heavily on naval dominance of the waters surrounding their region in order to secure trade and safety.

Ancient DNA and archaeological evidence indicates that people from the Nordic Bronze Age sphere were involved in the conflict at the Tollense valley battlefield in northern Germany (13th century BC), "the largest excavated and archaeologically verifiable battle site of this age in the world".

International contacts
The Nordic Bronze Age maintained intimate trade links with the Tumulus culture and Mycenaean Greece. The Nordic Bronze Age exported amber through the Amber Road, and imported metals in return. During the time of the Nordic Bronze Age, metals, such as copper, tin and gold, were imported into Scandinavia on a massive scale. Copper was imported from Sardinia, Iberia and Cyprus. The trade network was briefly disrupted during the Late Bronze Age collapse in the 12th century BC.

Evidence for horse-drawn chariots appears in Scandinavia c. 1700 BC, around the same time or earlier than it appears in Greece. In both cases the chariots appear to have come from the region of the Carpathian Basin or the western steppe. Cheek-pieces and whip handles in Denmark dating from this time feature curvilinear 'wave-band' designs that are also found on contemporary artefacts from the Carpathian Basin and Greece, including in the elite shaft graves at Mycenae. These designs subsequently appear on Nordic Bronze Age metalwork, including on the gold disc of the Trundholm Sun Chariot. Engraved depictions of chariots appear in Scandinavian rock art from c. 1700 BC onwards, as they do on engraved stone stelae from Mycenae. The introduction of the chariot in Scandinavia coincided with the introduction of socketed spearheads, whose ultimate origin Vandkilde (2014) ascribes to the Seima-Turbino culture. Cheek-pieces and belt hooks adorned with horse heads are suggested to have originated from the Carpathian Basin, making their way into Scandinavia.

Chariot wheels in Scandinavia are depicted with four spokes, as in Mycenaean Greece and the Carpathian Basin. A depiction of a two-wheeled vehicle with four-spoked wheels is also known from Kültepe in Central Anatolia, dating from c. 1900 BC. In contrast, chariot wheels from the Sintashta culture and Andronovo cultures near the Urals had more than four spokes. Miniature spoked-wheel models have been found in the Carpathian Basin dating to the 20th–19th centuries BC, and cheek-pieces are known there from c. 2000 BC. According to Maran (2020, 2014) chariots probably originated "in the entire zone between the Carpathian Basin and the Southern Ural", rather than just in the Ural region, and spread southwards from there to Greece and the Near East. In the case of Greece this is given some support by analyses of skeletal material from the shaft graves at Mycenae, which also indicate connections to the north.

According to Kristiansen and Larsson (2005), "foreign origins were most consciously demonstrated in the formation of the Nordic Bronze Age Culture from 1500 BC onwards, basing itself on a Minoan/Mycenaean template." During the 15th–14th centuries BC the Nordic Bronze Age and Mycenaean Greece shared the use of similar flange-hilted swords, as well as select elements of shared lifestyle, such as campstools, drinking vessels decorated with solar symbols, and tools for body care including razors and tweezers. This "Mycenaean package", including spiral decoration, was directly adopted in southern Scandinavia after 1500 BC, creating "a specific and selective Nordic variety of Mycenaean high culture" that was not adopted in the intermediate region of Central Europe. These similarities can not have come about without intimate contacts, probably through the travels of warriors and mercenaries. Archaeological evidence further indicates the existence in both regions of shared institutions linked to warriors. Specifically, the dual organisation of leadership between a Wanax (ritual chief) and a Lawagetas (warrior chief) in Mycenaean Greece was apparently replicated in the Nordic Bronze Age. However this dual organization may have also been part of a shared Indo-European tradition. Other similarities have been noted in artistic iconography from both regions and its associated cosmology. Some of the contacts between Scandinavia and Greece were probably conveyed through Central Europe.

Cultural connections with the Hittites have also been suggested. These include a sign or symbol akin to the Hittite hieroglyph meaning ‘divine’ found among the rock carvings at Fossum in Sweden, associated with possible images of divinities. According to Kristiansen & Larsson (2005), "From the eighteenth century BC until the beginning of the fifteenth century BC networks were operating between the Hittites, the steppe and the Carpathians, with direct link to northern Europe. During this period basic institutions were transmitted north in exchange for amber and horses, while at the same time the institution of chariotry was transmitted south from the steppe".

Trade and cultural contacts have also been noted between the Nordic Bronze Age and New Kingdom Egypt.

The contacts during the Late Bronze Age (period IV–VI) were more intensive with Central Europe and Italy. A lot of similarities are seen in art and iconography between different continental Urnfield cultures and the Hallstatt culture. Copper was imported from Central Europe and Italy.

Religion and cult
There is no coherent knowledge about the Nordic Bronze Age religion, its pantheon, world view, and how it was practised. Written sources are lacking, but archaeological finds draw a vague and fragmented picture of the religious practices and the nature of the religion in this period. Only some possible sects and only certain possible tribes are known. Some of the best clues come from tumuli, elaborate artifacts, votive offerings, and rock carvings scattered across Northern Europe. There are many rock carving sites from this period. The rock carvings have been dated through comparison with depicted artifacts, for example bronze axes and swords. Many rock carvings are uncanny in resemblance to those found in the Corded Ware culture. There are also numerous Nordic Stone Age rock carvings, those of northern Scandinavia mostly portray elk.

Many finds, especially rock carvings, indicate sun worship was central to the religion. The Sun, when personified, was conceived of as female and associated with various objects, like the swastika, sun cross, and boats, and animals such as horses, birds, snakes, and fish (see also Sól), though snakes may only have been associated with the Sun by one group of religious specialists, as seen on their razors; otherwise the myths depicted on rock carvings seem to indicate the opposite, that snakes were the enemy of the Sun. During the day, the Sun is thought to be transported by horse or by boat, then at night embarks a night ship to be transported in at night, switching for a day ship or horse afterwards, repeating this process every night and day in its journey.

A pair of male twin gods are believed to have been worshiped in close conjunction with the sun goddess and were associated with objects such as lurs, horned helmets, and weapons, particularly axes and swords. Where sacrificial artifacts have been buried, they are often found in pairs and paired objects, like boats, are very common on rock carvings. The horned helmets found in sacrificial deposits are thought to be purely ceremonial and to have no practical function, i.e. in actual warfare. The Divine Twins are thought to be the protectors of the sun, ensuring its safe passage through the night so it can rise again in the morning and make its usual path across the daylit sky, repeating this every night and day.

Jeanette Varberg has proposed, in light of archaeological evidence pairing horse gear with women's ornaments (and wagons), that there may have been a goddess associated with war and horses that was worshiped in the Late Bronze Age which she calls the Lady of the Battle and of the Horse.

Sacrifices, including of animals, weapons, jewellery, and humans, often had a strong connection to bodies of water. Water bodies such as bogs, ponds, streams, and lakes were often used as ceremonial and holy places for sacrifices and many artifacts have been found in such locations. Ritual instruments such as bronze lurs have been uncovered, especially in the region of Denmark and western Sweden. Lurs are also depicted in several rock carvings and are believed to have been used in ceremonies.

Nordic Bronze Age religion and mythology is believed to be mostly Indo-European in character and to itself be the ancestor to Norse mythology and religion and wider Germanic mythology and religion.

Seamanship
Thousands of rock carvings from the Nordic Bronze Age depict ships, and the large stone burial monuments known as stone ships. Those sites suggest that ships and seafaring played an important role in the culture at large. The depicted ships, most likely represents sewn plank built canoes used for warfare, fishing and trade. These ship types may have their origin as far back as the neolithic period and they continue into the Pre-Roman Iron Age, as exemplified by the Hjortspring boat. 3,600-year-old bronze axes and other tools made from Cypriot copper have been found in the region.

Researchers note that there is great continuity in the way that ships continuously had a strong importance in Scandinavian society. The boat building and seafaring traditions that were established during the Nordic Bronze Age lasted throughout the ages and were further developed upon during the Iron Age. Some archaeologists and historians believe that the culmination of this sea-focused culture was the Viking Age.

Climate
The Nordic Bronze Age was initially characterized by a warm climate that began with a climate change around 2700 BC. The climate was comparable to that of present-day central Germany and northern France and permitted a fairly dense population and good opportunities for farming; for example, grapes were grown in Scandinavia at this time. A minor change in climate occurred between 850 BC and 760 BC, introducing a wetter, colder climate and a more radical climate change began around 650 BC.

Genetics
A June 2015 study published in Nature found the people of the Nordic Bronze Age to be closely genetically related to the Corded Ware culture, the Beaker culture and the Unetice culture. People of the Nordic Bronze Age and Corded Ware show the highest lactose tolerance among Bronze Age Europeans. The study suggested that the Sintashta culture, and its succeeding Andronovo culture, represented an eastward migration of Corded Ware peoples.

In the June 2015 study, the remains of nine individuals of the Northern Bronze Age and earlier Neolithic cultures in Denmark and Sweden from ca. 2850 BC to 500 BC, were analyzed. Among the Neolithic individuals, the three males were found to be carrying haplogroup I1, R1a1a1 and R1b1a1a2a1a1. Among the individuals from the Nordic Bronze Age, two males carried I1, while two carried R1b1a1a2.

title: Nordic Bronze Age


text:
Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak

Zdzisław Ludwik Krzyszkowiak (3 August 1929 – 23 March 2003) was a Polish track and field athlete, winner of the 3000 metre steeplechase at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Born in Wielichowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Krzyszkowiak won 13 Polish National Championship titles in long-distance and cross-country events.

Krzyszkowiak rose to the international athletics scene at the 1956 Summer Olympics, where he missed the bronze medal in the 10,000 metres by 7.4 seconds, finishing fourth. At the 1958 European Championships in Athletics, Krzyszkowiak established himself as one of the best European long distance runners by winning both the 5000 and 10,000 metres. In 1958, he became the first winner of the European Sportsperson of the Year conferred by the Polish Press Agency.

Just two months before the Rome Olympics, Krzyszkowiak ran his first world record, clocking 8:31.4 in the 3000 m steeplechase. At the Olympics itself, Krzyszkowiak finished seventh in the 10,000 m, but won, as a main favourite, the 3000 m steeplechase.

After the Olympics, Krzyszkowiak decided to concentrate on the 3000 m steeplechase event, running his second world record in 1961, but was forced to retire from sports prematurely in 1963 due to injuries. After his running career, he worked as a coach.

Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak died in Warsaw, aged 73.

Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium in Bydgoszcz was named in his honor.

title: Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak


text:
Socratic dialogue

Socratic dialogue (Σωκρατικὸς λόγος) is a genre of literary prose developed in Greece at the turn of the fourth century BC. The earliest ones are preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon and all involve Socrates as the protagonist. These dialogues, and subsequent ones in the genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The dialogues may be either dramatic or narrative. While Socrates is often the main participant, his presence in the dialogue is not essential to the genre.

Platonic dialogues
Most of the Socratic dialogues referred to today are those of Plato. Platonic dialogues defined the literary genre subsequent philosophers used. Plato wrote approximately 35 dialogues, in most of which Socrates is the main character.

The protagonist of each dialogue, both in Plato's and Xenophon's work, usually is Socrates who by means of a kind of interrogation tries to find out more about the other person's understanding of moral issues. In the dialogues Socrates presents himself as a simple man who confesses that he has little knowledge. With this ironic approach he manages to confuse the other who boasts that he is an expert in the domain they discuss. The outcome of the dialogue is that Socrates demonstrates that the other person's views are inconsistent. In this way Socrates tries to show the way to real wisdom. One of his most famous statements in that regard is "The unexamined life is not worth living." This philosophical questioning is known as the Socratic method.

Strictly speaking, the term Socratic dialogue refers to works in which Socrates is a character. As a genre, however, other texts are included; Plato's Laws and Xenophon's Hiero are Socratic dialogues in which a wise man other than Socrates leads the discussion (the Athenian Stranger and Simonides, respectively). In some dialogues, Plato's main character is not Socrates but someone from outside of Athens. In Xenophon's Hiero a certain Simonides plays this role when Socrates is not the protagonist.

Generally, the works which are most often assigned to Plato's early years are all considered to be Socratic dialogues (written from 399 to 387). Many of his middle dialogues (written from 387 to 361, after the establishment of his Academy), and later dialogues (written in the period between 361 and his death in 347) incorporate Socrates' character and are often included here as well. However, this interpretation of the corpus is not universally accepted. The time that Plato began to write his works and the date of composition of his last work are not known and what adds to the complexity is that even the ancient sources do not know the order of the works or the dialogues.

The complete list of the thirty-five Platonic dialogues that have been traditionally identified as authentic, as given in Diogenes Laërtius, is included below in alphabetical order. The authenticity of some of these dialogues has been questioned by some modern scholarship.

 * First Alcibiades
 * Second Alcibiades
 * Apology
 * Charmides
 * Clitophon
 * Cratylus
 * Critias
 * Crito
 * Epinomis
 * Euthydemus
 * Euthyphro
 * Gorgias
 * Hipparchus
 * Hippias Major
 * Hippias Minor
 * Ion
 * Laches
 * Laws
 * Lysis
 * Menexenus
 * Meno
 * Minos
 * Parmenides
 * Protagoras
 * Phaedo
 * Phaedrus
 * Philebus
 * Republic
 * Rival Lovers
 * Sophist
 * Statesman
 * Symposium
 * Theaetetus
 * Theages
 * Timaeus

Authors of extant dialogues

 * Athenaeus, author of Deipnosophistae
 * Cicero, author of several dialogues, including De re publica, De finibus bonorum et malorum, Tusculanae Disputationes, De Natura Deorum, De Divinatione, De fato, Academica, and the now-lost Hortensius.
 * Xenophon, author of several dialogues, including Apology, Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, and Symposium

Authors whose dialogues are lost

 * Simon the Shoemaker – According to Diogenes Laërtius he was the first author of a Socratic dialogue.
 * Alexamenus of Teos – According to a fragment of Aristotle, he was the first author of a Socratic dialogue, but we do not know anything else about him, whether Socrates appeared in his works, or how accurate Aristotle was in his antagonistic judgement about him.
 * Aeschines of Sphettos
 * Antisthenes
 * Aristippus
 * Aristotle
 * Phaedo of Elis
 * Euclid of Megara
 * Favorinus

Medieval and early modern dialogues
Socratic dialogue remained a popular format for expressing arguments and drawing literary portraits of those who espouse them. Some of these dialogues employ Socrates as a character, but most simply employ the philosophical style similar to Plato while substituting a different character to lead the discussion.
 * Boethius
 * Boethius' most famous book The Consolation of Philosophy is a Socratic dialogue in which Lady Philosophy interrogates Boethius.
 * St. Augustine
 * St. Augustine's Confessions has been called a Socratic dialogue between St. Augustine the author and St. Augustine the narrator.
 * Anselm of Canterbury
 * Anselm's Cur Deus Homo is a Socratic dialogue between Anselm and a monk named Boso.
 * Galileo Galilei
 * Galilei's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems compares the Copernican model of the universe with the Aristotelian.
 * Matteo Ricci
 * Ricci's The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven (天主實義) is a Socratic dialogue between Ricci and a Chinese scholar, where Ricci argues that Christianity and Confucianism are not opposed to each other.
 * Johann Joseph Fux
 * Gradus ad Parnassum (1725), a non-Socratic dialogue on species counterpoint. The conversation is between Aloysius, who represents the compositional style of Palestrina, and his student, Josephus.
 * George Berkeley
 * Berkeley's Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous is a Socratic dialogue between two university students named Philonous and Hylas, where Philonous tries to convince Hylas that idealism makes more sense than materialism.
 * David Hume
 * Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is a Socratic dialogue in which three philosophers discuss arguments for the existence of God.

Modern dialogues

 * Imre Lakatos
 * Proofs and Refutations is a 1976 book on the logic of discovery and progress in mathematics. It is written as a series of Socratic dialogues between a group of students who debate the proof of the Euler characteristic for the polyhedron.
 * Owen Barfield
 * Barfield's Worlds is a dialogue in the Socratic tradition analyzing the problem of specialization in modern society and universities.
 * André Gide
 * Gide's Corydon is a series of 4 Socratic dialogues which aims to convince the reader of the normality and utility of homosexuality in society.
 * Jane Jacobs
 * Systems of Survival is a dialogue about two fundamental and distinct ethical systems (or syndromes as she calls them): that of the Guardian and that of Commerce. She argues that these supply direction for the conduct of human life within societies, and understanding the tension between them can help us with public policy and personal choices.
 * Peter Kreeft
 * This academic philosopher has published a series of Socratic dialogues in which Socrates questions famous thinkers from the distant and near past. The first of the series was Between Heaven and Hell, a dialogue between C. S. Lewis, Aldous Huxley, and John F. Kennedy. He also authored a book of Socratic logic.
 * Keith Buhler
 * Buhler is an academic philosopher who published a Socratic dialogue in which Seraphim Rose plays the socratic questioner. He dialogues with a group of theology students on the Protestant doctrine of Sola Scriptura.
 * Gerd Achenbach and philosophical counseling
 * Achenbach has refreshed the socratic tradition with his own blend of philosophical counseling, as has Michel Weber with his Chromatiques Center in Belgium.
 * Ian Thomas Malone
 * Malone has published a series of contemporary Socratic dialogues titled Five College Dialogues. Five College Dialogues is intended to be a comedic resource for college students with a graduate student named "George Tecce" taking the role of Socrates.
 * Robin Skynner and John Cleese
 * In the 1980s and 1990s a British psychologist and the well-known comedian collaborated on two books, Families and How to Survive Them (1984) and Life and How to Survive It (1993), in which they take the Socratic dialogue approach to questions of families and life.
 * David Lewis and Stephanie Lewis
 * Philosopher David Lewis and his wife Stephanie wrote a metaphysical dialogue on the subject of holes between two interlocuters, Argle and Bargle, in 1970.

title: Socratic dialogue