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GMT Games

GMT Games is a California-based wargaming publisher founded in 1990. The company has become well known for graphically attractive games that range from "monster games", of many maps and counters, to quite simple games suitable for introducing new players to wargaming. They also produce card games and family games. The current management and creative team includes Tony Curtis, Rodger MacGowan, Mark Simonitch, and Andy Lewis.

History
GMT's name comes from the first name initials of founders Gene Billingsley, Mike Crane, and Terry Shrum. Crane and Shrum later left GMT and founded the Fresno Gaming Association.

In the 1990s GMT pioneered a pre-order system called "Project 500" or "P500", where customers pre-order a title and production does not begin until a set minimum of orders had been reached. This system has been adopted by other wargame publishers. GMT was successful during the 1990s, when other war game publishers were failing, which has been credited in part to their innovative P500 system.

GMT is known for publishing the COIN series of games, which started with Andean Abyss: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Colombia by Volko Ruhnke, a CIA instructor. Most COIN titles feature four playable factions commanding guerrilla forces or conventional military forces, both trying to win the hearts and minds of the local population. The games focus on historical conflicts such as the Cuban Revolution, Vietnam War, Gallic Wars, American Revolution, War in Afghanistan, and others.

GMT's best-known game may be Twilight Struggle, a card-driven strategy game about the global Cold War. In 2018, GMT began creating Windows and mobile adaptations for some of their titles, including Twilight Struggle and Labyrinth: The War on Terror.

GMT was about to publish Scramble for Africa in 2019, but pulled the title after controversy erupted about its subject matter.

The Washington Post called GMT "the modern hobby's highest-profile wargame publisher" and characterized P500 as a "Kickstarter before Kickstarter that allowed fans to vote with their wallets on which GMT games should come to market". Wargamer Magazine called them a "house-name in table-top wargaming". VICE News said they published "some of the best wargame design of the last twenty years."

Published games
Some of the better-known games produced by GMT Games include:

 * 18XX series - strategy economic board games about railway construction and investing in railroad companies.
 * Battle Line
 * Chandragupta
 * COIN series - a card-driven action board game series based on counterinsurgency and irregular warfare.
 * Combat Commander series - a card-drive game, simulating tactical warfare usually in World War 2.
 * Commands & Colors: Ancients - a block game with card-driven action, based upon tactical combat in the Classical Period.
 * Dominant Species
 * Down in Flames series of air combat cards games that includes Rise of the Luftwaffe and Eighth Air Force
 * Europe Engulfed
 * Fields of Fire
 * Here I Stand
 * Labyrinth: The War on Terror, 2001 – ?
 * MBT series - wargame series that is modeling the hypothetical clash set in 1987 between US and Soviet forces in Germany. Later expansion added British, West German, and Canadian forces.
 * Next War series - wargame series that is based on hypothetical war on modern times.
 * Panzer series - a detailed, tactical-level, World War II game based in the European theater, currently with 4 expansion sets.
 * Paths of Glory
 * Space Empires 4X
 * Sword of Rome
 * SPQR
 * Twilight Struggle - card-driven board game, based on the Cold War.
 * Wing Leader series - aerial combat wargames series with side-scrolling views, mainly based on World War II era aircraft.

title: GMT Games


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Bishop of Dunkeld

The Bishop of Dunkeld is the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Dunkeld, one of the largest and more important of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Cormac. However, the first known abbot dates to the 10th century, and it is often assumed that in Scotland in the period before the 12th century, the roles of both bishop and abbot were one and the same. The Bishopric of Dunkeld ceased to exist as a Catholic institution after the Scottish Reformation but continued as a royal institution into the 17th century. The diocese was restored (with a different boundary) by Pope Leo XIII on 4 March 1878; it is now based in the city of Dundee.

List of known abbots
Dunkeld Abbey was an offshoot of Iona, perhaps founded in the early 9th century, in the reign of Caustantín mac Fergusa, King of the Picts. It is not clear when its abbots got independence from the Abbots of Iona, but a notable event is the alleged transfer of the relics of Columba to Dunkeld during the reign of the Scoto-Pictish king Cináed mac Ailpín. Its abbots, like many Gaelic abbots of the period, took a strong role in secular affairs, hence the term "lay abbot". The following is a list of known abbots of Dunkeld; the list is not exhaustive.

While it is true that medieval churchmen took an active part in secular affairs (some fought in battles), that didn't make them in any sense "lay." They were still consecrated bishops or abbots. A "lay abbot" was the secular lord of the abbey's lands. Since an abbey's property was often extensive, it was lucrative plum. Medieval monarchs enjoyed considerable authority over the church, and doubtless, these positions were awarded to royal favorites.

List of known pre-Reformation bishops
The Bishopric of Dunkeld was one of the largest in medieval Scotland. However, in 1200, half of its territory was used to create the new Bishopric of Argyll.

Church of Scotland succession
In 1560 the Church of Scotland broke its ties with Rome.

Roman Catholic succession
The Bishop of Dunkeld is the Ordinary of the Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. The diocese covers an area of 9,505 km2. The see is in the City of Dundee where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew. The post Reformation diocese was restored by Pope Leo XIII on 4 March 1878. The Right Reverend Stephen Robson is the 9th bishop of the diocese since its restoration.

(Any dates appearing in italics indicate de facto  continuation of office. The start date of tenure below is the date of appointment or succession. Where known, the date of installation and ordination as bishop are listed in the notes together with the post held prior to appointment.)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bishop of Dunkeld


text: User talk:64.105.215.110

title: User talk:64.105.215.110


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Bishop of Galloway

The Bishop of Galloway, also called the Bishop of Whithorn, is the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Galloway, said to have been founded by Saint Ninian in the mid-5th century. The subsequent Anglo-Saxon bishopric was founded in the late 7th century or early 8th century, and the first known bishop was one Pehthelm, "shield of the Picts". According to Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastical tradition, the bishopric was founded by Saint Ninian, a later corruption of the British name Uinniau or Irish Finian; although there is no contemporary evidence, it is quite likely that there had been a British or Hiberno-British bishopric before the Anglo-Saxon takeover. After Heathored (fl. 833), no bishop is known until the apparent resurrection of the diocese in the reign of King Fergus of Galloway. The bishops remained, uniquely for Scottish bishops, the suffragans of the Archbishop of York until 1359 when the pope released the bishopric from requiring metropolitan assent. James I formalised the admission of the diocese into the Scottish church on 26 August 1430 and just as all Scottish sees, Whithorn was to be accountable directly to the pope. The diocese was placed under the metropolitan jurisdiction of St Andrews on 17 August 1472 and then moved to the province of Glasgow on 9 January 1492. The diocese disappeared during the Scottish Reformation, but was recreated by the Catholic Church in 1878 with its cathedra at Dumfries, although it is now based at Ayr.

List of known Anglo-Saxon bishops of Whithorn
Heathored is described as the successor to Beadwulf by some accounts. His inclusion on the list as a Bishop of Whithorn is not credible.

Restored Roman Catholic succession
The modern Bishop of Galloway is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh.

The diocese was resurrected on 4 March 1878 from the Vicariate Apostolic of the Western District. The church of Saint Andrew in Dumfries served as pro-cathedral until it was destroyed by a fire in May 1961 and the seat moved to Ayr in 1962. The diocese covers an area of 9,332 km². The see is in the Ecclesiastical City of Ayr. Until 2007 the seat was located at the Cathedral Church of the Good Shepherd which was built in 1957. In early 2007 Pope Benedict XVI accepted the petition of Right Reverend John Cunningham, the 7th Bishop of Galloway, to move the seat to St Margaret's Church, Ayr. After this took place, the Church of the Good Shepherd was closed and largely demolished.

(Any dates appearing in italics indicate de facto  continuation of office. The start date of tenure below is the date of appointment or succession. Where known, the date of installation and ordination as bishop are listed in the notes together with the post held prior to appointment.)

title: Bishop of Galloway


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Moves (magazine)

Moves was a wargaming magazine originally published by SPI (Simulations Publications, Inc.), which also published manual wargames. Their flagship magazine Strategy & Tactics (S&T), was a military history magazine featuring a new wargame in each issue. While S&T was devoted to historical articles, Moves focused on the play of the games. Each issue carried articles dealing with strategies for different wargames, tactical tips, and many variants and scenarios for existing games. As time passed, reviews of new games also became an important feature. While the majority of the articles dealt with SPI games, the magazine was open to and published many articles on games by other companies.

Founded by Jim Dunnigan, Moves began publication in 1972. SPI carried a huge inventory of their games and was very successful as a direct mail marketer of their games. But with the rise of role-playing games and multimillion-dollar sales for that arm of gaming, SPI expanded into hobby shops and increased its market. However, retail meant significantly higher print runs and lower margins, and with the rapid inflation of the 1970s, the rise in paper costs put them in a financial bind. When the recession of 1980-81 hit, the company found itself short of cash and unable to continue without a loan. TSR appeared to be a savior, making the loan a promissory note, but then reversed course and demanded payment. Moves were among the assets acquired by TSR. The final issue (#60) of the original run was published in December 1981.

A second run of issues began publication in 1991 with issue #61, when 3W ceased publication of The Wargamer in favor of restarting the well-known Moves title. It was bought, along with Fire & Movement and Strategy & Tactics, by Decision Games and continued publishing into the 21st Century.

Editors

 * James F. Dunnigan: Number 13 (Feb/Mar 1974) - Number 14 (April/May 1974)
 * Howard Barasch: Number 15 (June/July 1974) - 23 (October/November 1975)
 * Redmond A. Simonsen: Number 25 (February/March 1976) - 57 (June/July 1981)
 * Jeff Albanese: Number 64 (August–September 1991) - 65 (October 1991)
 * Christopher R. Cummins: Number 103 (Feb/Mar 2001) - 108 (Spring 2002)

title: Moves (magazine)


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Dunston Pillar

Dunston Pillar is a Grade II listed stone tower in Lincolnshire, England and a former 'land lighthouse'. It stands beside the A15 road approximately 6 mi south of Lincoln near the junction of the B1178 (also known as Tower Lane), in the parish of Dunston, north of Sleaford. Closed to the public. On private land.

History
The original land lighthouse was commissioned by Sir Francis Dashwood (better known as the founder of the Knights of St Francis, which became the Monks of Medmenham, later called a Hellfire Club) in 1751 as a gift to his wife Sarah (Ellys) Dashwood, who feared crossing the dark heath near her childhood home, Nocton. The purpose of the land lighthouse was to improve the safety of 18th-century travellers crossing a particularly treacherous area of the county known for its many incidents of robbery by highwaymen. In the 1843 Journal of the Agricultural Society it was described as the "only land light-house ever raised".

The structure originally stood 92 ft high, with a staircase inside the tower and a large octagonal lantern on top to aid travellers crossing the wild heathland south of Lincoln. The lantern was regularly lit until 1788 and was used for the last time in 1808 by which time improvements in the local road network had made it effectively obsolete.

Sir Francis landscaped the base of Dunston Tower with a plantation of trees and a bowling green. It became a popular gathering place for picnics, tea parties, quoits and cards. A two-storey dining hall was later added. The vicar of Welbourn called it "the Vauxhall" of Lincolnshire, and the Lincoln Club was formed to arrange entertainments there.

In 1808, the lantern was destroyed in a storm and was replaced in 1810 by the 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire, in celebration of the Golden Jubilee of George III, with a Coade stone (lithodipyra) statue of King George III sculpted by Joseph Panzetta for Eleanor Coade.

In 1940, the pillar was considered to be a hazard to low-flying aircraft approaching nearby RAF Coleby Grange, and the tower's height was lowered by 40 ft to reduce the risk of accident. At this time the oversize statue of George III was removed and broken up; the surviving bust can be seen in the grounds of Lincoln Castle. The statue is a listed building in its own right.

The tower remains a well-known landmark and to this day is clearly visible beside the busy road at.

title: Dunston Pillar


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Kitab-Verlag

Kitab-Verlag is a publishing house in Klagenfurt, Austria. It primarily publishes works on the history of the culture of the near east and modern literature from Austria, Slovenia, and Italy. "Kitab" is the Arabic word for "book" and "Verlag" is German for "publishing house".

Ethos
The Kitab-Verlag was founded in 1999 by Wilhelm Baum and Robert Gutounig to promote cross-cultural understanding and bring the work of smaller intellectual groups to a wider readership. The publishing house thus releases works from authors who try to transcend national, cultural and religious boundaries. The series "Tangenten" was established to promote such crossing of cultures and nations. In addition, the publisher's stated objective is the promotion of cultural and literary texts from other world cultures, such as those of Asian, African or Latin American origin. Kitab-Verlag has established contact with non-German publishers, especially in East Asia, and publishes texts in other languages.

title: Kitab-Verlag


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Prince Mochihito

Prince Mochihito (以仁王) (died June 1180), also known as the Takakura Prince, and as Minamoto no Mochimitsu (源 以光), was a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan. He is noted for his role in starting the Genpei War.

Believing that Taira no Kiyomori was causing suffering, Mochihito supported the Minamoto clan in their conflict against the Taira. At the same time, Minamoto no Yorimasa led the Minamoto clan in supporting Mochihito's bid for the Imperial Throne. In May 1180, Yorimasa sent out a call to other Minamoto leaders, and to the monasteries (Enryakuji, Miidera and others) that Kiyomori had offended; he asked for aid against the Taira, in the name of Prince Mochihito.

Learning of this, Kiyomori sent men after Mochihito, who retreated to Miidera, at the foot of Mount Hiei, but discovered that the warrior monks of Miidera, for various political reasons, could not rely on the support of any other monasteries. Thus, he fled once more, along with a small Minamoto force, across the River Uji, to the Phoenix Hall of the Byōdō-in. There they were caught by the Taira forces, and the Battle of Uji was fought. The bridge was the site of much of the fighting, and the planks were famously smashed to impair the ability of the Taira to cross, but eventually the Minamoto were forced back into the Phoenix Hall, where Yorimasa committed seppuku. Mochihito escaped, but was captured on his way and killed soon afterwards.

title: Prince Mochihito


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Once a Thief

Once a Thief may refer to:

 * Once a Thief (1935 film), starring Ronald Shiner
 * Once a Thief (1950 film), starring Cesar Romero and June Havoc
 * Once a Thief (1965 film), starring Alain Delon, Ann-Margret and Jack Palance
 * Once a Thief (1991 film), a John Woo film from Hong Kong
 * Once a Thief (1996 film), John Woo's own remake starring Nicholas Lea
 * Once a Thief (TV series), a Canadian television series developed from the 1996 film
 * "Once a Thief", a 1977 episode of The Bionic Woman
 * Once a Thief, a novel by Kay Hooper.

title: Once a Thief


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Andy Williams (Jamaican footballer)

Andrew Williams (born 23 September 1977) is a Canadian-Jamaican retired footballer who last played as a midfielder for Real Salt Lake in Major League Soccer.

College
Williams played college soccer for the University of Rhode Island where he remains the team's all-time leading scorer, with 52 goals and 45 assists.

Williams is one of 22 college players to be part of the 40-40 club, having both 40 goals and 40 assists in their college career. As of 2018, he is the most recent member of the 40-40 club.

Professional
After spending a couple of years in his home country with Real Mona, Williams joined Major League Soccer in 1998 with the Columbus Crew, with whom he would play for two seasons. In 2000, he moved to the Miami Fusion, but would only remain there one year before going to the New England Revolution. Williams played in 2001 and beginning of 2002 with New England, before moving to the MetroStars in a six-player deal in the middle of the 2002 season. He only lasted half a season with the Metros, soon traded again, to the Chicago Fire, with whom he played for two years.

Williams became the second player in Real Salt Lake history when he was their first selection in the 2004 MLS Expansion Draft. He became the first player in MLS history to play for six teams. In his ten years in the league, Williams has scored 27 goals and added 78 assists. After leading Jamaica to the Caribbean title in 2008, Williams suffered through the prolonged illness of his wife during the 2009 season, which culminated with Real Salt Lake winning the MLS Cup in November 2009. The Williams family received further good news in late 2009/early 2010 as Marcia Williams' cancer went into remission. In 2010, Williams returned to Real Salt Lake focused and re-energized.

Williams' contract with Real Salt Lake ended after the 2011 season and he opted to participate in the 2011 MLS Re-Entry Draft. After he was not selected in Stage 1 of the draft, Williams announced his retirement from professional soccer on 5 December 2011.

In 2014 Andy Williams joined the coaching staff for Real Salt Lake when new head coach, Jeff Cassar, named him as an assistant coach (Midfield coach) and in addition to his assistant coach duties. Andy oversaw and coached the reserve team for Real Salt Lake. Williams became Head Scout at Real Salt Lake, and has since played an integral part in the signings of several players.

International
Despite being something of a journeyman in Major League Soccer, Williams has been a stalwart for the Jamaica national team. He has 97 caps with the team and 13 goals, and was often the focal point of their offense, running the team from the central midfield. Williams played for his country in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, making one substitute appearance. Williams retired from the Jamaican team following their failure to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Despite his initial retirement, Williams was called in for a June 2008 friendly vs. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, in which he played the full 90. Williams was also called in for Jamaica's 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign and played five games, scoring against Canada in a 1–1 draw.

 * Scores and results list Jamaica's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Williams goal.

Personal life
Andy Williams was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, but grew up in Kingston, Jamaica. His father, Bobby Williams, played for the Jamaica national team in the 1960s. Married Shauna Marie Williams on April 24, 2021.

Real Salt Lake

 * Major League Soccer MLS Cup (1): 2009
 * Major League Soccer Eastern Conference Championship (1): 2009

Chicago Fire

 * MLS Supporters' Shield Supporters Shield (1): 2003
 * Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup (1): 2003

Jamaica

 * Caribbean Cup:
 * Winner (2): 2005, 2008

title: Andy Williams (Jamaican footballer)


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Archbishop of Glasgow

The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Catholic Church, the title was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1878. In the Scottish Episcopal Church, it is now part of the Episcopal bishopric of Glasgow and Galloway.

The present Catholic archbishop is William Nolan, who was installed on 26 February 2022.

History
The Diocese of Glasgow originates in the period of the reign of David I, Prince of the Cumbrians, but the earliest attested bishops come from the 11th century, appointees of the Archbishop of York. The episcopal seat was located at Glasgow Cathedral. In 1492, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Innocent VIII. After the Scottish church broke its links with Rome in 1560, the archbishopric continued under the independent Scottish church until 1689 when Episcopacy in the established Church of Scotland was finally abolished in favour of Presbyterianism, requiring bishopric continuity to occur in the disestablished Scottish Episcopal Church.

In the following centuries Roman Catholicism slowly began a process of re-introduction, culminating in 1829 with legalisation through the Catholic Emancipation Act. A new papally-appointed archbishopric in the Roman Catholic Church was introduced when the Vicariate Apostolic of the Western District was elevated to archdiocese status on 4 March 1878 on the restoration of the Scottish hierarchy, and then to metropolitan archdiocese status on 25 May 1947.

Restored Roman Catholic bishopric
The archdiocese covers an area of 1,165 km2. The Metropolitan See is in the City of Glasgow where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew.

(Any dates appearing in italics indicate de facto  continuation of office. The start date of tenure below is the date of appointment or succession. Where known, the date of installation and ordination as bishop are listed in the notes together with the post held prior to appointment.)

title: Archbishop of Glasgow


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Bishop of Motherwell

The Bishop of Motherwell is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell in the Province of Glasgow, Scotland.

The diocese covers an area of 1178 km2. The see is in the town of Motherwell where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Our Lady of Good Aid. The Diocese of Motherwell comprises the parishes of St Benedict and St Clare, Easterhouse; Baillieston and Craigend and Garthamlock in the city of Glasgow, and the council areas of North Lanarkshire (except the parishes of Kilsyth, Condorrat, Croy and Cumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire.

The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution Maxime interest on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway.

On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena Pope Francis appointed the Right Reverend Joseph Toal, previously Bishop of Argyll and The Isles as fifth Bishop of Motherwell. Bishop Toal succeeded the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013.

title: Bishop of Motherwell


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Bishop of Paisley

The Bishop of Paisley is the Ordinary of the Diocese of Paisley in the Province of Glasgow, Scotland.

The diocese covers an area of 580 km2 and is the smallest by area in Scotland. The see is in the town of Paisley where the bishop's seat is located at St Mirin's Cathedral.

The diocese was erected on 25 May 1947 from the Archdiocese of Glasgow. The first bishop of the new diocese was James Black who, prior to his appointment by Pope Pius XII, had been Vicar General of the Glasgow archdiocese. Upon the death of Black in March 1968 Stephen McGill was translated by Pope Paul VI from the see of Argyll and the Isles and remained in Paisley until his retirement in March 1988 whereupon he was succeeded by John Mone an auxiliary bishop of Glasgow and an appointee of Pope John Paul II.

Following the retirement of Mone, Philip Tartaglia was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the new bishop on 13 September 2005 and was consecrated at St Mirin's Cathedral on 20 November 2005. He was named Metropolitan Archbishop of Glasgow by Pope Benedict XVI on 24 July 2012.

On 8 February 2014 Pope Francis named John Keenan, the Catholic chaplain to the University of Glasgow, as fifth Bishop of Paisley. His episcopal ordination took place on Wednesday 19 March 2014, the Feast of Saint Joseph.

title: Bishop of Paisley


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Once a Thief (1996 film)

Once a Thief is a 1996 Canadian action comedy television film directed by John Woo. A remake of Woo’s 1991 film of the same name, it served as a backdoor pilot for a 1997-98 CTV series also of the same name. It stars Sandrine Holt, Ivan Sergei and Nicholas Lea.

The film premiered on September 29, 1996. It was originally produced for the American Fox Network and was hoped to be the beginning of a weekly series, but Fox passed on it, and the series aired instead on CTV.

Plot
The film is about two orphans - Mac Ramsey and Li Ann Tsei who have spent their life living with the Tang family - a ruthless Chinese organized crime syndicate. Mac and Li Ann were taken in by the Tang Godfather and have formed a close friendship with his son Michael.

When they grow up, Li Ann is betrothed to Michael, but falls in love with Mac so the two scheme to steal money from the Tang family and run off to start a new life. During the heist, Mac is arrested and Li Ann flees to Canada. 18 months later, Mac is released into the charge of a menacing woman known only as the Director who takes him to Canada to work for her crime-fighting team. He soon realizes he will be working with Li Ann and her former cop boyfriend Victor.

Cast

 * Sandrine Holt as Li Ann Tsei
 * Ivan Sergei as Mac Ramsey
 * Nicholas Lea as Victor Mansfield
 * Robert Ito as The Godfather
 * Michael Wong as Michael Tang
 * Alan Scarfe as Robertson Graves
 * Jennifer Dale as The Director
 * Nathaniel DeVeaux as Dobrinsky
 * Greg Chan as Dance MC
 * Young Ryu as Li Ann's Dance Partner
 * Matthew Walker as Interpol Judge
 * Paul Wu as Judge's Aide
 * Phillip Tsui as Fong
 * Derek Lowe as Mill Security Guard

TV series
The spin-off series ran for one season.

title: Once a Thief (1996 film)


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Paul Scoon

Sir Paul Godwin Scoon (4 July 1935 – 2 September 2013) was a Grenadian politician who served as Governor-General of Grenada from 1978 to 1992. His tenure is notable for its hectic events related to the rise and fall of the People's Revolutionary Government, as well as his personal involvement and support of the invasion of Grenada.

Early life
Scoon was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School. Scoon then received an external degree from the University of London before going on to study at the University of Leeds, England, and gaining an M.Ed. at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He returned to Grenada to teach at the Grenada Boys' Secondary School. Following a career rising from Chief Education Officer to finally becoming Secretary to the Cabinet, the head of Grenada's Civil Service. He was awarded the OBE in 1970. That same year, he married Esmai Monica (nee Lumsden) McNeilly, a widow with three children. In 1973 he returned to London to fill the post of Deputy Director of the Commonwealth Foundation.

Governor-General
In 1978, Scoon was appointed Governor-General of Grenada by Queen Elizabeth II, on the advice of the Prime Minister, Sir Eric Gairy. However, the following year, the New Jewel Movement — led by Maurice Bishop and Scoon's former pupils, Bernard Coard and Hudson Austin — overthrew Gairy in a popularly supported, nearly bloodless coup.

Initially arrested by the militants, Scoon was soon released with an apology. The insurgents wanted to continue Grenada's status as a constitutional monarchy and retain the position of Governor-General to represent the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Scoon and Bishop managed to maintain a semi-normal working relationship, despite the fact that Scoon strongly opposed the Marxist-Leninist principles of Bishop's leftist government. The revolutionaries regarded Scoon as a useful figurehead who would smooth international recognition for their new regime and also facilitate their relations with Canada and the United Kingdom. Scoon was happy to remain in office, providing a degree of stability in the situation, despite irritation at the curtailment of some of his privileges. He played tennis with Bishop and maintained his reputation for discretion.

Role in the U.S. invasion
Bishop was in turn deposed by a counter-coup executed on Oct. 12, 1983, that was orchestrated by Bernard Coard, Bishop's erstwhile friend and governing partner. In the course of a continuing power struggle, Bishop and three of his closest ministers were executed on Oct. 19, 1983, by People's Revolutionary Army soldiers loyal to the Coard faction. A 16-member military council led by Hudson Austin then declared martial law and asserted iron-fisted control over the fractured nation. Scoon, acting through secret diplomatic channels, asked the United States and concerned Caribbean nations to intervene to restore peace and order to the island. The invasion coalition maintained that Scoon was within his rights to do so, acting under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. However, an independent expert examination later found a dubious constitutional basis for Scoon's call for foreign intervention and his assumption of executive and legislative power. On 25 October, the invasion of Grenada (codenamed Operation Urgent Fury) was launched by a joint U.S.-Caribbean force to depose Austin's rule.

When the invasion occurred, one of the first steps was to free Governor-General Scoon, a task assigned to United States Navy SEALs. A SEAL unit arrived by Blackhawk helicopter under fire and became trapped with Scoon at his official residence in the capital of St. George's. After a day-long encirclement, Scoon, his family and staff, and 22 SEALs were liberated by Marines from the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit. The U.S. and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as The Queen's only legitimate representative in Grenada — and hence the only lawful authority on the island. On Oct. 27, the text of a letter from Scoon, dated October 24, was publicly released, in which he requested armed intervention. The letter was cited as evidence that the invasion was not a unilateral U.S. act, but a regional police action. After the invasion, though, Scoon was anxious for U.S. forces to leave as soon as possible, stating a fortnight after the intervention that he "cannot see people from abroad coming in to change our minds or souls and [the] whole heart of a society" and that "it is important that within the shortest possible time that we should live and work in a situation where security support takes the form of a police operation that will increasingly come under the command of a Grenadian or West Indian commissioner of police."

As per Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon became interim head of government and appointed an advisory council, which in turn named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman and interim prime minister until post-invasion elections were held in 1984. Scoon retired from his post in 1992.

Later life
Scoon published a book entitled Survival for Service that provided a personal account of his experiences as Governor-General. In it, he denied writing the 24 October letter, saying it had been delivered to him in draft form on 26 October, after he was rescued. He did, however, confirm that he had asked for U.S. and Caribbean intervention. The accuracy of some of this book has been questioned by Richard Hart.

Scoon died on 2 September 2013. Although the cause of death was not announced, he had been a diabetic for many years.

title: Paul Scoon


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Lawrence O'Bryan Branch

Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (November 28, 1820 – September 17, 1862) was a North Carolina representative in the U.S. Congress and a Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War, killed at the Battle of Antietam. He owned 40 slaves.

Early life and career
Branch was born in Enfield, North Carolina to Major Joseph Branch and Susan Simpson O'Bryan Branch. His childhood home, The Cellar, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. His family moved to Williamson County, Tennessee but his mother died when he was five and his father died in 1827. His uncle, Secretary of the Navy John Branch (then serving as Governor of North Carolina) assumed his guardianship and took him back to North Carolina. Branch moved to Washington City with his uncle when the latter took the position as Secretary of the Navy and he was tutored by Salmon P. Chase. He pursued a preparatory course under a private teacher in Washington, D.C., before going on to train at North Carolina's Bingham Military Academy. He also attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for a short time and, in 1838, graduated first in his class from Princeton College before going to study law in Nashville, Tennessee, where he also owned and edited a newspaper.

In 1840, Branch moved to Tallahassee, Florida and was admitted to the bar to practice law by a special act of the legislature. Just one year later, he went to fight in the Seminole Wars. In 1844, he married Nancy Haywood Blount and they had four children. In 1852, he moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where he continued to practice law and became president of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad Co. He also served as an elector on the Franklin Pierce ticket in 1852. Branch was elected as a Democrat to the 34th, 35th, and 36th Congresses (March 4, 1855 - March 3, 1861) but was not a candidate for renomination in 1860. On December 29, 1859, he challenged Galusha Grow to a duel after the two exchanged insults on the House Floor. Both men and their seconds were arrested by District of Columbia police before the duel could take place. On December 2, 1860, he was appointed, (but declined), the position of Secretary of the Treasury by President James Buchanan.

Civil War
Branch entered the Confederate Army, in May 1861, as a private in the Raleigh Rifles. Later that month he accepted the office of state quartermaster general, but resigned it for service in the field. In September he was elected colonel of the 33rd North Carolina. He was appointed brigadier general in January 1862. After the Battle of New Bern, his brigade was attached to A.P. Hill's Division of Stonewall Jackson's Corps. He was the senior brigadier general in Hill's division. Branch's brigade fought at the Battle of Hanover Courthouse, the Seven Days Battles, Cedar Mountain, Second Manassas, Chantilly, and Harper's Ferry

Antietam (Sharpsburg)
On September 17, 1862, he led his troops on a rapid march from Harpers Ferry to Sharpsburg, Maryland where the Battle of Antietam was raging. Branch arrived on the field around 2:30 PM, in time to help stop the Union advance, thus saving General Robert E. Lee's right flank from a crushing defeat. Soon after this victory, Branch stood talking with fellow brigadier generals Maxcy Gregg, Dorsey Pender, James J. Archer, along with Hill and General Lee when a Federal sharpshooter, seeing the group, fired a shot that hit him in the right cheek and exited behind his left ear, killing him instantly. The bullet also wounded General Gregg in the thigh. Branch fell dead into the arms of a staff officer.

Dates of rank

 * Private, May 1, 1861
 * Colonel, September 1, 1861
 * Brigadier General, January 16, 1862

Legacy
A memorial cannon now stands at the location where Branch was killed. Five other memorial cannons are placed throughout the Antietam Battlefield marking the locations other commanders lost their lives. Branch is buried at the Old City Cemetery, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Author Armistead Maupin is Branch's great-great-grandson.

title: Lawrence O'Bryan Branch


text:
Wyatt Creech

Wyatt Beetham Creech (born 13 October 1946) is a retired New Zealand politician. He served as the 14th deputy prime minister of New Zealand in Jenny Shipley's National Party government from August 1998 to December 1999.

Early life
Creech was born in Oceanside, California, United States. His father, Jesse Wyatt Creech, hailed from North Carolina. Jesse had enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1939. He served in the 3rd Defense Battalion, which saw action at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, the Battle of Midway Island in June 1942, and through the whole Guadalcanal Campaign from 7 August 1942 until early 1943.

Creech's mother, a New Zealander, met his father when the 3rd Defense Battalion was deployed to Masterton, New Zealand, for rest and recovery following the successful conclusion of the Guadalcanal Campaign. When Creech was three months old, the family returned to New Zealand, settling in Wairarapa where his father became a sheep and beef farmer. Creech received his primary education in Masterton and his secondary education in Wanganui at Wanganui Collegiate. Initially Creech farmed at his family farm before obtaining an agricultural qualification at Massey University.

Following completion of that course, Creech travelled extensively overseas including an overland drive from India to the United Kingdom (passing through as well as India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia, Italy, Switzerland and France).

Further travel took him extensively through Eastern Europe (including Russia). On his return to New Zealand he obtained a degree double majoring in political science and international politics from Victoria University of Wellington. After completing his degree, Creech again travelled overseas this time with his travels focussed on North America. He subsequently returned to Wairarapa and established a vineyard in the newly developing wine growing region of Martinborough.

Entry into politics
In the 1987 election, Creech contested the Wairarapa seat for the National Party. On election night, Creech won on the provisional vote count by 65 votes, and attended the first National caucus. The official count (completed two weeks later) reversed the election night provisional count and the constituency was won by the incumbent Labour Party MP, Reg Boorman by seven votes. Creech challenged that result with a petition under the provisions of the Electoral Act; supported initially by MPs Roger McClay and Winston Peters (who had been involved in recounts in Taupo and Hunua) but not the party hierarchy, according to Creech's account in a book by Ross Meurant. A Judicial Recount, the initial step, saw Boorman's lead reduced to one vote.

Creech then launched a full Electoral Petition on two counts. First, that a number who had voted in the election were not qualified to vote in the Wairarapa constituency on various grounds (including failure to qualify under the residency rules), and second, that Boorman had violated laws that set a limit on election spending by candidates. Boorman in his counter challenge also challenged a number of votes on various grounds. In all, more than 200 votes were reviewed by the Electoral Court. The process took eleven months to complete. On 12 July 1988, the Electoral Court found in Creech's favour on both counts in its judgement on the Wairarapa Election Petition, and he took his seat immediately with a majority of 34 votes (9994 to 9960). Over his period as MP for Wairarapa his majority significantly increased from this narrow initial victory, increasing to over 7 thousand votes by the.

Cabinet minister
When the National Party won the 1990 election, Creech was appointed to the Cabinet of the fourth National government as its most junior member. Initially, his two main roles were Minister of Revenue and Minister of Customs. Over the three terms of the National (and after the 1996 Election the National-led) government he held a number of other Cabinet portfolios, including Minister of Education, Minister of Health, Minister for State Owned Enterprises, Minister of Courts, Minister of Employment, and Associate Minister of Finance.

Creech chaired the cross party committees of MP's that developed the Superannuation Accord and the Employment Accord. Creech supported Jenny Shipley's December 1997 party-room coup against Prime Minister Jim Bolger, and Creech became Deputy Leader of the National Party on 8 December 1997.

Deputy Prime Minister
In August 1998, the coalition between the National Party and New Zealand First broke down, and New Zealand First's Winston Peters was sacked as Deputy Prime Minister. Shipley appointed Creech to fill the vacancy. However, barely a year later, the Shipley government was heavily defeated by Labour. Prior to this election, Creech had stood aside from contesting the Wairarapa Electorate as the National Party candidate and became a List MP. Under National Party rules, his position as Deputy Leader automatically put him in the second position on National's Party's Party List, assuring his reelection as a Member of Parliament even as National was forced into opposition. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council just before the election.

After National lost the he was Deputy Leader of the Opposition and Shadow Minister of Health under Shipley. Creech remained as the party's deputy leader until February 2001, when he chose to stand down. He was replaced by Bill English. Creech did not stand for re-election in the 2002 election.

Post-politics career
Following his retirement from politics, Creech headed up a small group that took advantage of the opportunities created by the deregulation of the dairy industry by the founding of the Open Country Cheese Company, located near Matamata, in Waikato. This has now grown into Open Country Dairy Co Ltd with both milk powder and cheese production facilities in Waharoa (near Matamata), Waikato, Awarua (near Invercargill) and Wanganui. The original cheese company was formed on 28 November 2001 (the date on which the Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001 received the Royal Assent. Manufacturing commenced in October 2004.

He stood down from the board of this company in 2008. In 2007 Creech and his associates launched as an offshoot from the commodity product manufacturing operation Open Country a new specialty cheese production focussed operation Kaimai Cheese (named after the local mountain range) and served from commencement as its Chairman.

He stood down from the board of this company in 2013 when their assets were sold to a new producer. In 2009 he joined the board of NZ Windfarms. retiring from that board in December 2013. Creech also served for a two-year period on the boards of Seales Limited, a Waikato-based stock feed manufacturing firm, the Cognition Education Trust, a trust supporting education research in New Zealand. he then joined the board of Healthcare Holdings Limited (providing various community-based health services).

In September 2009, Creech joined the New Zealand Fire Service Commission as Deputy Chair. As of mid 2014 he serves as Chair of the New Zealand Fire Service Commission and Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (replacement Crown entity for the New Zealand Historic Places Trust) and Deputy Chair of Healthcare Holdings Limited.

In 2009–2010, Creech was commissioned by the Minister for the Environment and the Minister of Local Government to head a review of the performance of Environment Canterbury. Their report was highly critical of the performance and capability of the organisation, and while the recommendations were controversial, were fully implemented by the government.

Creech served as part of the Solomon Islands International Election Observer Team in the 2001 General Election in that nation. He also led the New Zealand Election Observer Team in the August 2010 General Election in Solomon Islands. He also served on the International Election Observer Team for the Falkland Islands referendum on its future status in 2013.

Creech served from December 2004 until June 2006 as a director of investment and property company Bluechip. He resigned in June 2006. The company failed in November 2008. As former directors, Creech and John Luxton (who resigned in October 2006) were included (2012) in two lawsuits which alleged breach of their duty to investors. No in-court proceedings in relation to this claim eventuated, and in 2014 all legal claims against the former directors were abandoned.

In 2014, he was appointed chair of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Board by the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage, Chris Finlayson.

Honours and awards
In 1990, Creech was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 2003 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services as a Member of Parliament.

title: Wyatt Creech


text:
Archbishop of Cardiff

The Archbishop of Cardiff is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cardiff.

The archdiocese covers an area of 1183 sqmi and spans the historic counties of Monmouthshire, Herefordshire and eastern Glamorganshire. The metropolitan see is in the city of Cardiff where the archbishop's seat is located at the Metropolitan Cathedral Church of St David.

With the exception of the second archbishop, Francis Mostyn, born in Flintshire and of local descent, the Welsh connections of the archbishops have been extremely weak. Ireland, London and the English provinces have supplied a majority.

The see is currently held by Mark O'Toole, 8th Archbishop of Cardiff, who was appointed by the Holy See on 27 April 2022 and installed at St David's Cathedral, Cardiff on 20 June 2022.

History
The Vicariate Apostolic of the Welsh District was created out of the Western District of England and Wales in 1840. The Welsh District covered all of the principality of Wales and the English county of Herefordshire. On the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales in 1850, the Welsh District was divided. The southern half became the Diocese of Newport and Menevia and the northern half became part of the Diocese of Shrewsbury. In 1895, the diocese lost territory on the creation of the Vicariate Apostolic of Wales, which became the diocese of Menevia in 1898. As a result, the see changed its name to simply the diocese of Newport. Following further reorganisation of the Catholic Church in Wales in 1916, the diocese of Newport was elevated to an ecclesiastical province and changed its name to the archdiocese of Cardiff. The archbishop has jurisdiction over the bishops of Menevia and Wrexham.

Office holders
The following is a list of the archbishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cardiff and its precursor offices.

Bishops of Newport and Menevia
In 1895, the episcopal title became simply the Bishop of Newport.

title: Archbishop of Cardiff


text: User talk:69.17.64.129

title: User talk:69.17.64.129


text:
Talk:Matt Chamberlain

Untitled
I removed the following:

"Many fans of Fiona Apple claim that he is responsible for the overall infectious sound of her masterpiece When the Pawn."

POV (infectious? masterpiece?), not scholarly, and not cited. Also, generally the subject of that phrase would be Jon Brion, not Matt.

Tone
Please provide evidence that Mr. Chamberlain is "one of the world's most widely-heard session drummers". This kind of statement lacks encyclopedic rigor. One of how many? Ten-thousand? Widely-heard? By whom? There is also the gratuitous use of prominent and innovative. —Viriditas | Talk 22:27, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Abandon Jalopy Matt Chamberlain also created loops for the album "Mercy", from Abandon Jalopy (Brad Smith from Blind Melon). He's mentioned on Abandon Jalopy's myspace: http://www.myspace.com/officialabandonjalopy. -Sdaiber-

Work done by Mr. Chamberlain in 2010 that does show in his Contributions and Collabrorations*Kmichele7773 (talk) 22:20, 27 June 2011 (UTC)
Mr. Chamberlain worked with Sugarland (Jennifer Nettles and Kristain Bush) on their #1 Billboard Album The Incredible Machine in 2010. I know he contributed and/or collaborated on two song I know of, I believe this should be added to his site due to the huge success the album is and continues to be. Just as their 2009 Love on the Inside album he also worked on is listed, it was even nominated for Album of the Year.*Kmichele7773 (talk) 22:20, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

Hello this is Matt Chamberlain
Hi I'm trying to get control of my Wiki page so i can edit it and correct the missing info... Could you please contact me at mattboomdrum@mac.com or here so i can control the content of this page about me. I am the one who keeps deleting the page btw... thanks Matt Chamberlain  www.mattchamberlain.com  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mattboomdrum (talk • contribs) 15:51, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Please refer to WP:NOTWEBHOST. Steel1943 (talk) 08:12, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

NYTimes feature
See #8 in this NYTimes article, subheading "MATT CHAMBERLAIN [John Cougar, John Deere, John 3:16 (Keith Urban)] The world’s greatest session drummer confronts the machine age. By Jeff Himmelman" -- in case useful for the article. Jodi.a.schneider (talk) 14:43, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120629145947/http://pearljamhistory.no.sapo.pt/PJArticles_Interviews_12-xx-93_-_modern_drummer.htm to http://pearljamhistory.no.sapo.pt/PJArticles_Interviews_12-xx-93_-_modern_drummer.htm

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i'm blocked from a page about me and there is inaccurate info on this page about me
Hello.. this is Matt Chamberlain.. i'm trying to update this page and someone has blocked me from it.There are a few things wrong on this page and i'd like to correct them.. My full name is not Matthew Lee Chamberlain.. it is Matthew Joseph Chamberlain and i'd like to add a link to my full discography as a session musician https://www.allmusic.com/artist/matt-chamberlain-mn0000329699/credits   and my discography for soundtrack work i've done  https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1342054/?ref_=m_fn_al_3    .. I'm not sure how this all works but i hope someone can set this straight.. Best Matt Chamberlain  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.85.223.13 (talk) 15:09, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

Edits by blocked sockpuppet
Many of the edits currently on the page were added in the past two years by a sockpuppet who was evading a block. It seems the editor had a WP:COI as well. The article needs a major overhaul of removing unsourced information, and restoring previously sourced information that they removed. - Whisperjanes (talk) 13:31, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Here's the last article version before the user started editing: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matt_Chamberlain&oldid=845552681 - Whisperjanes (talk) 13:32, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matt Chamberlain


text:
Bishop of Wrexham

The Bishop of Wrexham is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wrexham in the Province of Cardiff in Wales.

The diocese covers an area of 8361 km2 and consists of the Welsh historic counties of Anglesey, Caernarfonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire (the local government areas of Conwy, Anglesey, Denbighshire and Flintshire, Gwynedd, Wrexham and the former Montgomeryshire).

The see is in the city of Wrexham where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Our Lady of Sorrows.

The diocese was erected on 12 February 1987 from the Diocese of Menevia. The current bishop is the Right Reverend Peter Brignall, the 3rd Bishop of Wrexham.

title: Bishop of Wrexham