text:
1913 in Ireland

Events from the year 1913 in Ireland.

Events

 * 13 January – Edward Carson founds the Ulster Volunteer Force by unifying several existing loyalist militias.
 * 30 January – at Westminster the House of Lords rejects the 3rd Home Rule Bill by 326 to 69.
 * 10 February – John Redmond opens the replacement city bridge over the River Suir in Waterford that will be named after him.
 * 7 July – the Home Rule Bill is once again carried in the House of Commons, despite attempts by Bonar Law to obstruct it.
 * 26 August – Dublin Lock-out: members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company begin strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by the chairman, businessman William Martin Murphy.
 * 31 August – Dublin Lock-out: the Dublin Metropolitan Police kill one demonstrator and injure 400 in dispersing a demonstration in Sackville Street (Dublin).
 * 1 September – protest by locked-out workers lead to serious riots in Dublin. Shops are looted and attempts made to tear up tram lines.
 * 2 September – two tenement houses in Church Street, Dublin, collapse, killing 7 (including 2 children) and leaving 11 families homeless.
 * 3 September – a meeting of 400 employers with William Martin Murphy pledges not to employ any persons who continue to be members of the Irish Transport & General Workers' Union.
 * 7 September – a large meeting in Sackville Street asserts the right of free speech, trade union representation and demands an enquiry into police conduct.
 * 17 September
 * In Newry, Edward Carson says that a Provisional Government will be established in Ulster if Home Rule is introduced.
 * In Dublin, labour unrest grows with a march 5,000 through the city.
 * 27 September – 12,000 Ulster Volunteers parade at the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society's show grounds at Balmoral (Belfast) in protest of the Home Rule Bill.
 * 27 September – in Dublin the food ship, The Hare, arrives bringing forty tons of food raised by British trade unionists.
 * 6 October – an official report on the lockout suggests that workers should be reinstated without having to give a pledge not to join the ITGWU.
 * 16 October – 4,000 men and women march through Dublin in support of James Larkin and the Transport Union.
 * 27 October – James Larkin of the ITGWU is sentenced to seven months in prison for seditious language but released after just over a week.
 * 1 November
 * Kingstown trade unionist James Byrne, arrested for his part in the lockout, dies as the result of a hunger strike.
 * Professor Eoin MacNeill's article "The North Began", suggesting formation of pro-self-government Irish Volunteers, appears in the Gaelic League newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis, at the suggestion of The O'Rahilly.
 * 10 November – the Dublin Volunteer Corps enrolls over 2,000 men. They declare they will preserve the "civil and religious liberties" of Protestants outside Ulster in the event of Irish Home Rule.
 * 19 November – the Irish Citizen Army is founded by James Larkin, Jack White & James Connolly to protect workers in the general lockout.
 * 25 November – the pro-Home Rule Irish Volunteers are formed at a meeting attended by 4,000 men in Dublin's Rotunda Rink.
 * 28 November – Bonar Law addresses a huge unionist rally in the Theatre Royal in Dublin, declaring that if Home Rule is introduced Ulster will resist and will have the support of his party.

Arts and literature

 * George A. Birmingham's comedy General John Regan is premièred in London (8 January) and New York City (13 November).
 * Winifred Mary Letts publishes Songs from Leinster.
 * Conal Holmes O'Connell O'Riordan produces his play Rope Enough.
 * Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha's story An Baile S’Againne is published.
 * Katharine Tynan's Irish Poems is published.
 * W. B. Yeats' poem "September 1913" is published in The Irish Times during the Dublin Lock-out (8 September). His Poems Written in Discouragement is also published this year.
 * English barrister and lyricist Frederic Weatherly publishes the ballad "Danny Boy" set to the Londonderry Air.
 * English music hall comedian Arthur Lucan meets and marries (25 November) 16-year-old actress Kitty McShane in Dublin.

Gaelic games

 * All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1913 Winners: Kerry
 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1913 Winners: Kilkenny

Football

 * International
 * 18 January Ireland 0–1 Wales (in Belfast)
 * 15 February Ireland 2–1 England (in Belfast)
 * 15 March Ireland 1–2 Scotland (in Dublin)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Glentoran
 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Linfield 2–0 Glentoran
 * Derry Celtic are relegated and subsequently voted out of the Irish Football League; they never play senior football again.

Births

 * 19 January – Matt O'Mahoney, international soccer player (died 1992).
 * 22 January – William Conway, Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh (died 1977).
 * 30 January – Kevin Danaher, folklorist and writer (died 2002).
 * 15 February – William Scott, Ulster Scots painter (died 1989).
 * 13 March – Joe Kelly, motor racing driver (died 1993).
 * 29 March – Niall MacGinnis, actor (d. c1977).
 * 13 April – David Grene, classical scholar (died 2002).
 * 14 April – Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl Belmore, soldier and deputy lieutenant for County Fermanagh (died 1960).
 * 1 May – Maurice Gibson, Northern Irish judge (died 1987).
 * 19 May – Seán Moore, Fianna Fáil TD (died 1986).
 * 5 June – Peter Doherty, footballer (died 1990).
 * 6 June – Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy, journalist and author (died 1980).
 * 17 August – Harry Baird, soccer player (died 1973).
 * 28 August – John Mackey, Limerick hurler (died 1989).
 * 31 August – Jack Doyle, boxer, actor and singer (died 1978).
 * 20 September – Bernard Bergin, cricketer (died 1985).
 * 23 September – Samuel Edgar, cricketer (died 1937).
 * 25 September – Tony O'Malley, painter (died 2003).
 * 9 October – Harry Bradshaw, golfer (died 1990).
 * 18 October – David Lord, Royal Air Force pilot, posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry at Arnhem (died 1944).
 * 24 November – Geraldine Fitzgerald, film & television actress (died 2005 in the United States)
 * 3 December – Gerry Healy, British Trotskyist leader (died 1989).
 * Full date unknown – Sigerson Clifford, poet and playwright (died 1985).

Deaths

 * 3 January – James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn, politician and diplomat (born 1838).
 * 21 February – John Joseph Hogan, first Bishop of the Dioceses of Saint Joseph, Missouri and Kansas City, Missouri (born 1829).
 * 15 March – Max Arthur Macauliffe, British administrator, scholar and author (born 1841).
 * 25 March – Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, soldier (born 1833).
 * 4 April – Edward Dowden, critic and poet (born 1843).
 * 6 April – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore, soldier, politician and Lord Lieutenant for County Tyrone (born 1835).
 * 17 April – Barton McGuckin, tenor singer (born 1852).
 * 25 April – Arthur Thomas Moore, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at the Battle of Khushab, Persia (born 1830).
 * 22 May – Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne, lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland (born 1837).
 * 1 June – James O'Halloran, lawyer and politician in Quebec (born c1820).
 * 1 October – Eugene O'Keefe, businessman and philanthropist in Canada (born 1827).
 * 5 October – Patrick Augustine Sheehan, priest, author and political activist (born 1852).
 * 19 October – Emily Lawless, writer, died in England (born 1845).
 * 18 December – Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, scholar and educator (born 1829).

title: 1913 in Ireland


text:
1912 in Ireland

Events in the year 1912 in Ireland.

Events

 * 8 February – The First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill addressed a pro-Home Rule meeting in Belfast despite Ulster Unionist attempts to prevent him speaking. He shared the platform with John Redmond, the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.
 * 31 March – John Redmond, Eoin MacNeill, Patrick Pearse, Tim Healy and others addressed a monster meeting of 200,000 people in favour of Home Rule at the General Post Office, Dublin.
 * 9 April – 250,000 Orangemen converged on Balmoral Showground in Belfast, declaring that under no circumstances would they accept Home Rule.
 * 11 April – The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith introduced the Third Home Rule Bill in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
 * 12 April – A convention of Sinn Féin delegates led by Arthur Griffith opposed the Home Rule Bill.
 * 14 April – The RMS Titanic, the largest vessel in the world, built in Belfast and making her last call at Queenstown, collided with an iceberg and sank.
 * 22 April – Englishman Denys Corbett Wilson completed the first aeroplane crossing of the Irish Sea, from Goodwick in Wales to Crane near Enniscorthy.
 * 26 April – English-born Vivian Hewitt made an aeroplane crossing of the Irish Sea from Holyhead to the Phoenix Park in Dublin.
 * 30 April – Winston Churchill moved the second reading of the Home Rule Bill at Westminster.
 * 9 May – The second reading of the Home Rule Bill was accepted in the British House of Commons. A Unionist amendment rejecting the Bill was defeated.
 * 10 May – At the Royal Albert Hall in London, Bonar Law spoke of Conservative opposition to the Home Rule Bill. Elsewhere Edward Carson also voiced his opposition.
 * 1 July – A serious outbreak of foot and mouth disease occurred in Counties Dublin, Meath, Kildare and Wicklow.
 * July – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith travelled to Dublin (the first sitting Prime Minister to do so in over a century; Gladstone had visited Dublin in November 1877 whilst out of office, whilst Arthur Balfour had been Chief Secretary for Ireland) to make a speech, criticising Unionist demands.
 * 17 July - "A hatchet (around which a text reading 'This symbol of the extinction of the Liberal Party for evermore' was wrapped) was thrown [by a Suffragette] at [ Aquith's] moving carriage as it passed over O’Connell Bridge", striking John Redmond on the arm.
 * 18 July – Suffragettes attempted an arson attack on the Theatre Royal, Dublin, during Asquith's visit.
 * 27 July – Bonar Law, leader of the British Conservative Party in opposition, made a defiant speech at a massive Unionist rally at Blenheim Palace against Home Rule, implying support for armed resistance to it in Ulster.
 * 28 September – 'Ulster Day' – the Ulster Covenant to resist Home Rule was signed by almost 250,000 men throughout Ulster; 229,000 women signed a parallel declaration.
 * 23 October – Large numbers of cattle were slaughtered in Mullingar due to the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the area.
 * The golden eagle became extinct in Ireland (prior to reintroduction).

Arts and literature

 * 11 April – Lennox Robinson's play Patriots was first performed, at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin.
 * 20 April – Bram Stoker, author of Dracula and theatrical manager, died in London.
 * November – Lord Dunsany's short story collection The Book of Wonder was published.
 * Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney's A Soldier's Song (which later became Amhrán na bhFiann, the Irish national anthem) was first published in Irish Freedom by Bulmer Hobson.
 * Eleanor Hull published The Poem-Book of the Gael: translations from Irish Gaelic poetry into English prose and verse and first versified the traditional Irish hymn Be Thou My Vision in English.
 * Forrest Reid's coming-of-age novel Following Darkness was published.
 * James Stephens' novel The Crock of Gold was published.
 * The popular song "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling" is written and published in the United States for the show The Isle O' Dreams.

Association football

 * International
 * 10 February – Ireland 1–6 England (in Dublin).
 * 6 March – Ireland 1–4 Scotland (in Belfast)–
 * 13 April – Wales 2–3 Ireland (in Cardiff)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Glentoran F.C.
 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Linfield F.C. (last club remaining after several others withdrew)
 * Bohemian F.C. were re-admitted to the Irish Football League after resigning the previous year. Tritonville F.C., another Dublin team, joined the League, but lasted just one season.

Gaelic games

 * All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1912 Winners: Louth
 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1912 Winners: Kilkenny

Olympics

 * Ken McArthur, born in Dervock, County Antrim, won the marathon race for South Africa at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Births

 * 8 January – James Brophy, cricketer (died 1994).
 * 5 February – Desmond Surfleet, cricketer (died 2006).
 * 14 February – Joseph Brennan, Fianna Fáil party Teachta Dála (TD), Cabinet minister and Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann (died 1980).
 * 22 March – Wilfrid Brambell, actor (died 1985).
 * 12 April – Gerald Goldberg, lawyer, Fianna Fáil party politician and first Jewish Lord Mayor of Cork (died 2003).
 * 27 April – Tommy Breen, international association football player (died 1988).
 * 29 April – Terence de Vere White, lawyer, novelist, and biographer (died 1994).
 * 9 June – Patrick Mulligan, Bishop of Clogher 1970–1979 (died 1990).
 * 12 July – Mick Mackey, Limerick hurler and first recipient of the All-Time All Star Award (hurling) (died 1982).
 * 26 July – Niall Sheridan, poet, fiction writer and broadcaster (died 1998).
 * 9 August – Alex Stevenson, association football player (died 1985).
 * 18 September – Denis Farrelly, Fine Gael party TD and senator (died 1974).
 * 12 November – Donagh MacDonagh, writer and judge (died 1968).
 * 1 December – Micheál Cranitch, Fianna Fáil party politician, Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann in 1973 (died 1999).
 * 25 December – Mícheál Ó Móráin, Fianna Fáil party TD and Cabinet minister (died 1983).
 * Full date unknown
 * Brendan Menton Snr, association football administrator and president of the Football Association of Ireland (died 2002).
 * Denis O'Conor Don, hereditary chief of the O'Conor Don sept (died 2000).
 * Tommy Potts, fiddle player (died 1988).
 * Jimmy Warnock, boxer (died 1987).

Deaths

 * 30 January – John Philip Nolan, soldier, landowner, and politician (born 1838).
 * 21 February – Osborne Reynolds, engineer and prominent innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics (born 1842).
 * 20 April – Bram Stoker, writer and author of Dracula (born 1847).
 * 24 April – Justin McCarthy, politician, historian, and novelist (born 1830).
 * 28 April – Michael Thomas Stenson, politician in Canada (born 1838).
 * 19 December – Thomas Brennan, a founder and joint first secretary of the Irish National Land League (born 1853).
 * Full date unknown
 * Henry Allan, painter (born 1865).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1912 in Ireland


text:
Cyclohexa-1,3-diene

Cyclohexa-1,3-diene (also known as Benzane) is an organic compound with the formula (C2H4)(CH)4. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. Its refractive index is 1.475 (20 °C, D). It is one of two isomers of cyclohexadiene, the other being 1,4-cyclohexadiene.

Synthesis
Cyclohexadiene is prepared by the double dehydrobromination of 1,2-dibromocyclohexane:
 * (CH2)4(CHBr)2 + 2 NaH → (CH2)2(CH)4 + 2 NaBr + 2 H2

Reactions
Useful reactions of this diene are cycloadditions, such as the Diels-Alder reaction.

Conversion of cyclohexa-1,3-diene to benzene + hydrogen is exothermic by about 25 kJ/mol in the gas phase.
 * cyclohexane → cyclohexa-1,3-diene + 2 H2 (ΔH = +231.5 kJ/mol; endothermic)
 * cyclohexane → benzene + 3 H2 (ΔH = +205 kJ/mol; endothermic)
 * cyclohexa-1,3-diene → benzene + H2 (ΔH = -26.5 kJ/mol; exothermic)

Compared with its isomer cyclohexa-1,4-diene, cyclohexa-1,3-diene is about 1.6 kJ/mol more stable.

Cyclohexadiene and its derivatives form (diene)iron tricarbonyl complexes. Illustrative is [(C6H8)Fe(CO)3], an orange liquid. This complex reacts with hydride-abstracting reagents to give the cyclohexadienyl derivative [(C6H7)Fe(CO)3]+. Cyclohexadienes react with ruthenium trichloride to give (Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer.

Occurrence
Cyclohexa-1,3-diene is a fairly common motif in nature. One example is chorismic acid, an intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway. Of the several examples of the terpenoids and terpenes, a prominent example is phellandrene.

Coenzyme A-conjugated to the 2-position of cyclohexadiene-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the biodegradation of aromatic carboxylic acids.

title: Cyclohexa-1,3-diene


text:
Tarrant Hinton

Tarrant Hinton is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated in the Tarrant Valley, approximately 5 mi northeast of Blandford Forum. In 2013 the estimated population of the civil parish was 160.

The village's name appears in medieval sources. In 935, King Æthelstan granted land at Tarrant Hinton to the nuns of Shaftesbury Abbey under condition that they would pray hard for the king.

The village no longer has a public house, shop or post office, but it has a medieval parish church and a newly rebuilt village hall. In 2001 the ecclesiastical parish of Tarrant Hinton was grouped with nine other surrounding parishes to form the Chase Benefice in the Anglican Diocese of Salisbury. Tarrant Hinton is well known as the location of the Great Dorset Steam Fair, which is annually visited by some 200,000 people.

There is a local church benefice newsletter published regularly called the Tarrant Times.

Governance
Tarrant Hinton parish falls under the Dorset Council ward of Hill Forts and Upper Tarrants, and the parliamentary constituency of North Dorset. The current MP (since 2015) is Simon Hoare of the Conservative Party.

title: Tarrant Hinton


text:
User talk:Npc/List

you can also use email

title: User talk:Npc/List


text:
1911 in Ireland

Events in the year 1911 in Ireland.

Events

 * 5 January – Protestant church leaders condemned the Ne Temere Papal decree on mixed marriages.
 * 2 April – The national population census was taken.
 * 16 May – The Cunard Line's SS Ivernia struck a rock on entering Queenstown harbour.
 * 27 May – The first issue of the Irish Worker was published. The paper was the official organ of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) and was edited by James Larkin.
 * 31 May – The RMS Titanic's hull was launched at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast. It was the largest ship afloat. Her sister RMS Olympic sailed for Liverpool the same day to take up transatlantic service.
 * 22 June – As George V was crowned King in London a Sinn Féin meeting at the Customs House in Dublin condemned Irish participation in the coronation ceremonies.
 * 8–12 July – King George V and Queen Mary made a five-day royal visit to Dublin which was the last to the city this century. On 8 July, they officially open the College of Science in Merrion Square and on 10 July they visited St Patrick's College, Maynooth.
 * 9 August – A statue of Charles Stewart Parnell was hoisted onto its pedestal in Sackville Street, Dublin.
 * 17 August – Dublin County Council voted in favour of using Greenwich Mean Time. The councillors heard that Irish time, being 25 minutes behind Greenwich, was a great handicap for trade.
 * 18 August – The Parliament Act removed the House of Lords' power regarding budgets and restricted their power over other bills to a two-year suspensive veto. This made Irish Home Rule a possibility in the future.
 * 21 August – The Irish Women's Suffrage Federation was founded.
 * 26 August – Wexford foundry workers were locked out for attempting to join the ITGWU. The lockout continued until February 1912.
 * 23 September – 70,000 Unionists and Orangemen marched from Belfast to Craigavon House to protest against Home Rule.
 * 1 October – The monument to Parnell was officially unveiled in Upper Sackville Street, Dublin.
 * Full date unknown
 * A strike of women workers at Jacob's biscuit factory in Dublin was organised by Rosie Hackett.
 * The organisation Royal Arch Purple was formed, closely linked to the Orange Institution.
 * Bellevue Pleasure Gardens, a public park and recreational area, was opened on the slopes of Cavehill in Belfast.

Arts and literature

 * 16 April – St. John Greer Ervine's play Mixed Marriage premiered at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin.
 * 16 December – The Imperial Copyright Act (coming into effect in 1912) confirmed the library of Trinity College Dublin as one of the six in the UK entitled to be given by legal deposit a copy of every British publication.
 * The Kalem Company of New York shot a film based on the play The Colleen Bawn on location in Ireland with Canadian Irish director Sidney Olcott. (Another version was shot this year in Australia.)
 * Patrick MacGill's Songs of a Navvy was published.
 * Adam Lynn's Ulster Scots dialect Random Rhymes frae Cullybackey was published.
 * W. F. Marshall's poems Ulster Sails West, including "Hi Uncle Sam!", was published.
 * The first volume, Ave, of novelist George Moore's three-volume autobiographical Hail and Farewell was published in the same year that he left Dublin to settle in London.
 * Katharine Tynan Hinkson's New Poems was published.

Association football

 * International
 * 28 January – Ireland 1–2 Wales (in Belfast)
 * 11 February – England 2–2 Ireland (in Derby)
 * 18 March – Scotland 2–0 Ireland (in Glasgow)

 * Irish League
 * Winners: Linfield F.C.

 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Shelbourne F.C. 0 – 0, 2 – 1 Bohemian F.C.

 * Glenavon F.C. joined the Irish Football League, replacing Bohemian F.C. who had resigned from the League, but returned next year.

Gaelic Games

 * All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1911 Winners: Cork
 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1911 Winners: Kilkenny
 * Meath were declared Leinster football champions for 20 minutes, but when Kilkenny arrived late for the final, Meath agreed to play the match and were beaten.

Golf

 * Cliftonville Golf Club was founded in Belfast.

Rugby

 * 11 February – Ireland beat England by one try to nil at the first Rugby Union international of the season at Lansdowne Road.

Births

 * 31 January – Eddie Byrne, actor (died 1981).
 * 3 February – Tom Davis, association football player (died 1987).
 * 4 February – Jimmy Walsh, Kilkenny hurler (died 1977).
 * 12 February – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, Attorney-General, Chief Justice of Ireland and fifth President of Ireland (died 1978).
 * 28 February – Denis Parsons Burkitt, surgeon (died 1993).
 * 5 March – Joseph Tomelty, actor, novelist, and playwright (died 1995).
 * 5 May – James Horan, Roman Catholic monsignor, conceived and created Ireland West Airport Knock (died 1986).
 * 17 May – Maureen O'Sullivan, actress (died 1998).
 * 27 July – Donal Lamont, Catholic Bishop in Rhodesia (died 2003).
 * 29 July – Harold Marcus Ervine-Andrews, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1940 near Dunkirk in France (died 1995).
 * 8 August – Billy Behan, association football player and football scout (died 1991).
 * 18 September – Brinsley Le Poer Trench, 8th Earl of Clancarty, ufologist and politician (died 1995).
 * 24 September – James Gill, cricketer (died 2000).
 * 5 October – Brian O'Nolan, also known as Myles na gCopaleen, novelist, satirist, and humourist (died 1966).
 * 11 October – Fred Daly, golfer (died 1990).
 * 19 October – John de Courcy Ireland, maritime historian and political activist (died 2006).
 * 26 December – John 'Tull' Dunne, Gaelic footballer, coach and administrator (died 1990).
 * Full date unknown
 * Jimmy Kelly, association football player (died 1970).
 * Con Lehane, nationalist, member of the IRA Army Council, and Dáil representative (died 1983).

Deaths

 * 3 February – Robert Tressell, writer and author of The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists (born 1870).
 * 1 August – Dudley Stagpoole, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1863 in New Zealand (born 1838).
 * 16 August – Patrick Francis Moran, third Archbishop of Sydney (born 1830).
 * 5 September – Katherine Cecil Thurston, novelist (born 1875).
 * 23 September – Daniel O'Reilly, U.S. Representative from New York (born 1838).

title: 1911 in Ireland


text:
User talk:Kurohone

WikiProject Formula One
Kurohone - I noticed you have previously edited a number of Formula One-related pages. I've started a WikiProject on F1 and I thought you might be interested in participating. Thanks! — Ðåñηÿßôý | Talk 20:58, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

IceBucks
Alas, up in northern Miyagi, they're still the closest team. Seen them twice so far, once in Morioka, once in Nikko. They play well, but are a bit too small is all, I think... -William McDuff 12:33, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kurohone


text:
Talk:Caesars Palace Grand Prix

Merge proposal
I think this article should be merged with Vegas Grand Prix, since both articles cover a variety of racing categories. Thoughts? DH85868993 08:20, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Never - this article is about something happening this year, while the Formula 1 article is one that happened 25 years ago. It's just too big a difference. Zero76 11:35, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm guessing when you write "this article" you actually mean Vegas Grand Prix. This is actually the talk page for [Las Vegas Grand Prix] - the "Merge" notices on both articles link here, so all the discussion can occur in one place. I'd probably agree with you if Las Vegas Grand Prix covered only the F1 race. But the results table includes results from many different categories, from as recently as 2005. DH85868993 03:19, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that both articles should not be merged, but should instead only cover their respective racing series. The Vegas GP article gets too far off-topic. It would be okay to include a shorter section on the history of racing at the city. Royal broil  04:05, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Suggest instead of merging, they are properly separated so one exclusively refers to the F1 event and the other to the American Open Wheel events. AlexJ 09:27, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd support that. What should we do with the CanAm and IMSA/ALMS results in this article - just ditch them altogether? DH85868993 10:28, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

I'm not entirely convinced by separation. Can we take a little time to discuss some general guidelines about this sort of thing? For what it's worth, my principles would be: I haven't read into the different variants of the race in Vegas sufficiently to express an opinion on this, before I do, are those general principles appropriate, or does what seems obviously right to me simply betray my European-ness? (or British-ness, or English-ness, or East Anglian-ness) Alternate guidelines welcome! 4u1e 10:58, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) The name of the race (edit: usually) refers to the event, not the race track - hence it doesn't matter where the Spanish Grand Prix goes, it's still the Spanish Grand Prix and should have a single article. (Potentially even to another country, see 1982 Swiss Grand Prix) This may be a Euro-centric view - does it hold for North American racing? (Edit: There are exceptions - some races are identified with a particular track: It is hard to imagine the Indianapolis 500, 24 hours of Le Mans or Oulton Park Gold Cup taking place elsewhere. 4u1e 16:23, 22 May 2007 (UTC))
 * 2) Similarly, the track should have its own article, because almost all tracks (even the Indianapolis Motor Speedway!) are used for several different and clearly identifiable races.
 * 3) The specific class of racing is not usually the defining characteristic of a given race - see Monaco Grand Prix, 24 Hours of Daytona and Pau Grand Prix, and many others, where the racing category has changed several times over the years. In one year Monaco was a sports car race! Again - is this approach Euro-centric, or is it also true in the States?
 * 4) It is best to use the 'plain' name of the race (i.e. not the one based on the current sponsor). The reason for this is simply consistency in Wikipedia terms - sponsor names change, plain names normally don't. I am aware that this is emphatically not the approved approach for North American racing, so this may be one point where the motorsport projects simply agree to differ!
 * From a British standpoint, I would say that approach is also used in North America. The 24 Hours of Daytona has switched between sports cars, Grand-Am and Prototypes during its existence. Also, the Detroit Indy Grand Prix has switched between the Renaissance Centre track and the Belle Isle track. In my opinion, the articles should be merged because they are the same event. Readro 12:13, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There are not very many examples of naming the race after the city, I applaud Readro for finding any examples. I emphatically agree with point #2 - the track needs its own article. That article should address the many types of car raced at the track. As to the event, my opinion is that the events are from fundamentally different types of cars (F1 vs. IndyCar), and there is a significant number of years between the two events. The later event doesn't feel like a continuation of the earlier events. In my mind the cars raced at the 24 Hours of Daytona are a progression of cars based on the original sports car. My impression may be wrong, so feel free to call me on that. I do remember seeing separate articles for two races with the same name in both IndyCar and NASCAR. I think they were at the same track. I would add links if I could remember the situation. Royal broil  16:25, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * What about Long Beach Grand Prix? It has run continously, on the same track I believe, from 1975 to present for Formula 5000 (1975), Formula One (1976 - 1983), and CART/Champ Car from 1984 to present. The question there is was it known as the Long Beach Grand Prix between '76 and '83? It doesn't appear as such on the F1 calendar. Just batting examples around, trying to get a feel for what the 'rules' might be..... 4u1e 21:41, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There should be one article, with a better delineation between the different events to call themselves the Las Vegas Grand Prix, and, in turn, stating that the current event is called Vegas, without the Las, by CCWS. --Chr.K. 08:42, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

A recent development which may affect this discussion: WP:F1 is considering changing references to the F1 race in Las Vegas from "Las Vegas Grand Prix" to "Caesars Palace Grand Prix". In which case, (I think it's likely that) Las Vegas Grand Prix would possibly be renamed as Caesars Palace Grand Prix and restricted to discussing only the 4 races (2 F1, 2 Indycar) held at Caesars Palace from 1981-84. Which might affect views on whether or not to merge the two articles. -- DH85868993 02:48, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I would say we hold off on the merge until they decide the final outcome of that move. JohnnyBGood    t   c  VIVA! 00:32, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

I feel they shouldn't be merged. There are just too many differences (different categories, different tracks) plus the length of time between the events. Lynx Raven Raide 02:50, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

I say merge, agreeing with statements above. There might be many differences, but the name is essentially the same and both are open wheel races. If you look for one, you probably want to know about the other too. I don't like the idea of retroactively renaming the formula one event. E.G. (talk) 22:38, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Caesars Palace Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140621183639/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnfpFQVLns to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnfpFQVLns

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:17, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
 * The archive URL didn't work, but the original link did, so I removed the archive URL. DH85868993 (talk) 21:58, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Caesars Palace Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070208162140/http://f1rejects.com:80/centrale/submitted/lasvegas/index.html to http://www.f1rejects.com/centrale/submitted/lasvegas/index.html

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Las Vegas Grand Prix
On the Formula 1 official website, it is now named Las Vegas Grand Prix. 1981 Las Vegas Grand Prix 1982 Las Vegas Grand Prix --Njsgdsza (talk) 05:44, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi Njsgdsza. Different sources refer to these races by different names; some (like formula1.com) call them "Las Vegas Grand Prix"; others call them "Caesars Palace Grand Prix". A discussion back in 2007 conluded that "Caesars Palace Grand Prix" was the most suitable name for English Wikipedia to use. DH85868993 (talk) 12:18, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caesars Palace Grand Prix


text:
1910 in Ireland

Events in the year 1910 in Ireland.

Events

 * 8 January – Sinéad Flanagan married future Irish president Éamon de Valera in Dublin.
 * 21 February – Irish Unionist members of the Westminster Parliament elected Sir Edward Carson as party leader, replacing Walter Long.
 * 23 February – St Patrick's College, Maynooth, became a recognised college of the National University of Ireland.
 * May – The Irish Countrywomen's Association was founded, as the Society of the United Irishwomen, by a group of educated and largely Protestant women in Bree, County Wexford.
 * June – Bridget Dowling eloped to London with Alois Hitler, Jr., a kitchen porter at the Shelbourne Hotel, Dublin, and half-brother to Adolf.
 * July – Irish republican and socialist leader James Connolly returned to Ireland from the United States.
 * August – The first passenger flight in Ulster: Harry Ferguson piloted Miss Rita Marr.
 * 29 August – The Aero Club of Ireland held its inaugural aviation meeting at Leopardstown Racecourse.
 * 11 September – English-born actor-aviator Robert Loraine made an aeroplane flight from Wales across the Irish Sea but landed some 200 feet (60 metres) short of the Irish coast in Dublin Bay.
 * 20 October – RMS Olympic was launched at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast. At 45,324 gross tons, she was the largest ship afloat. Her sister ship RMS Titanic was launched 16 months later.
 * November
 * Reconstruction began of the original city bridge over the River Suir in Waterford; it was opened in 1913 by John Redmond.
 * The Irish Republican Brotherhood monthly newspaper Irish Freedom began publication in Dublin.
 * 3 December – Sir Edward Carson and James Campbell were re-elected unopposed as Unionist Members of Parliament for Trinity College Dublin.
 * The Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland was created by merger of the Presbytery of Antrim and Remonstrant Synod of Ulster.
 * Lilian Bland built and flew her own biplane glider, the first built in Ireland, from Carnmoney Hill; an engine was fitted soon afterwards and she made her first powered flight in late August.

Arts and literature

 * 13 January – The play Deirdre of the Sorrows by John Millington Synge (died 1909) was performed for the first time at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.
 * 5 May – Padraic Colum's play Thomas Muskerry premiered at the Abbey Theatre.
 * 7 May – Annie Horniman withdrew financial support from the Abbey Theatre in protest at its refusal to close on the death of King Edward VII the previous day.
 * August – The Kalem Company of New York began shooting the first of several films partly on location in Ireland, A Lad from Old Ireland, with a filming location around Beaufort, County Kerry, with Canadian Irish director Sidney Olcott. This was the first production by an American film studio to be shot outside the United States.
 * September – Lord Dunsany's short story collection A Dreamer's Tales was published.
 * 3 November – The oldest céilí band in Ireland, The Kilfenora Céilí Band was founded in Kilfenora, County Clare.
 * The Cork Public Museum opened.
 * Terence MacSwiney's first play, The Last Warriors of Coole, was produced.
 * Ella Young's first book of stories, Celtic Wonder Tales, was published with illustrations by Maud Gonne.

Association football

 * International
 * 12 February Ireland 1–1 England (in Belfast)
 * 19 March Ireland 1–0 Scotland (in Belfast)
 * 11 April Wales 4–1 Ireland (in Wrexham)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Cliftonville F.C.

 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Distillery F.C. 1–0 Cliftonville F.C.

Births

 * 1 January – Charles Billingsley, cricketer (died 1951).
 * 2 January – Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin, politician (died 1991).
 * 6 January – James "Lugs" Branigan, police detective and boxer (died 1986).
 * 16 January – William Bedell Stanford, classical scholar and senator (died 1984).
 * 29 January – Colin Middleton, artist (died 1983).
 * 10 April – Fintan Coogan Snr, Fine Gael party Teachta Dála (TD) (died 1984).
 * 13 April – Aloys Fleischmann, composer and musicologist (died 1992).
 * 9 May – Barbara Woodhouse, dog trainer (died 1988).
 * 20 May – Johnny Callanan, Fianna Fáil party TD (died 1982).
 * 5 June – Ham Lambert, cricketer and rugby player (died 2006).
 * 12 June – Bill Naughton, playwright and author (died 1992).
 * 27 June – Nicholas Mansergh, historian (died 1991).
 * 1 July – Dan Spring, Gaelic footballer, trade unionist and Labour Party TD (died 1988).
 * 4 July – George Otto Simms, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin and Archbishop of Armagh (died 1991).
 * 1 August – Cathal Gannon, harpsichord maker and fortepiano restorer (died 1999).
 * 8 August – Bobby Kirk, ice hockey player (died 1970).
 * 14 August – Eddie Ingram, cricketer (died 1973).
 * 24 September – Robert Alexander, rugby and cricket player (died 1943).
 * 1 November – Michael Lyons, Fine Gael party TD and Senator (died 1991).
 * 15 November – Geoffrey Toone, actor (died 2005).
 * 19 November – Manliff Barrington, motorcycle racer (died 1999).
 * 26 November – Cyril Cusack, actor (died 1993).
 * 29 November – Máirtín Ó Direáin, poet (died 1988).
 * 10 December – Vivion de Valera, barrister, managing director of The Irish Press, Fianna Fáil party TD representing Dublin North-West (died 1982).
 * 22 December – James Boucher, cricketer (died 1995).
 * 26 December – Stephen Coughlan, Labour Party TD and Mayor of Limerick (died 1994).
 * Full date unknown
 * Peter Kavanagh, association football player (died 1993).
 * Betty Miller, writer (died 1965).
 * Séamus Ó Néill, writer (died 1981).

Deaths

 * 17 February – St. Clair Augustine Mulholland, American Civil War officer (born 1839).
 * 6 May – King Edward VII (born 1841).
 * 30 August – Hedges Eyre Chatterton, Conservative Party Member of Parliament and Vice-Chancellor of Ireland (born 1819).
 * 30 August – George Throssell, second Premier of Western Australia (born 1840).

title: 1910 in Ireland


text:
Manjiang dialect

Manjiang, also known as Manhua , is an Eastern Min dialect spoken mainly in Taishun and Cangnan Counties in Wenzhou, as well as parts of Qingyuan County in Lishui, in southeastern Zhejiang province.

As a dialect of Eastern Min, Manjiang is very distant from major Chinese varieties such as Mandarin and Cantonese, and displays very significant elements of a substratal indigenous language, perhaps belonging to the Austroasiatic or Tai–Kadai language families.

title: Manjiang dialect


text: Talk:Luxembourg Grand Prix

title: Talk:Luxembourg Grand Prix


text:
Evangelical Seminary of Puerto Rico

The Evangelical Seminary of Puerto Rico – or Seminario Evangélico de Puerto Rico (SEPR) in Spanish – is a private mainline Protestant seminary in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

The seminary was founded on September 11, 1919, by a group of theological schools and biblical institutes of the Protestant denominations that came to Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War. It offers graduate studies in religion and is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, and the Council on Higher Education of Puerto Rico. In 2018, the seminary was sponsored by several denominations, including the American Baptist Churches USA, the Iglesia Evangélica Unida de Puerto Rico (IEUPR), the United Church of Christ, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the United Methodist Church, and the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

Notable staff and students

 * Carlos Cardoza-Orlandi (student)
 * Justo L. González (teacher)
 * Agustina Luvis Núñez (student and dean)
 * Luis N. Rivera-Pagán (student and teacher)

title: Evangelical Seminary of Puerto Rico


text:
1909 in Ireland

Events in 1909 in Ireland.

Events

 * 31 October – The Royal University of Ireland was dissolved.
 * 14 December – Ernest Shackleton delivered a lecture entitled Nearest the South Pole in the large hall of the National University in Dublin.
 * 31 December – Harry Ferguson became the first person to fly an aircraft in Ireland, in a monoplane he designed and built himself.
 * The Mater Infirmorum Hospital in Belfast was officially recognised as a university teaching hospital.
 * Fieldwork for the multidisciplinary Clare Island Survey commenced under the direction of Robert Lloyd Praeger.

Arts and literature

 * 1 April – Lennox Robinson's first play, The Cross Roads, was performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin; he became the theatre manager later in the year.
 * 22 July – Widowed Irish painter John Lavery married Irish American painter Hazel Martyn.
 * 20 August – The tenor Enrico Caruso performed at the Theatre Royal in Dublin.
 * 20 December – The first dedicated cinema in Ireland, the Volta Cinematograph, opened in Dublin under the management of writer James Joyce.
 * Herbert Hughes' collection of folk songs, Irish Country Songs, was published, including "She Moved Through the Fair" with words largely composed by Padraic Colum.
 * Ella Young's first work of Irish folklore, The Coming of Lugh, was published.

Association football

 * International
 * 13 February – England 4–0 Ireland (in Bradford)
 * 15 March – Scotland 5–0 Ireland (in Glasgow)
 * 20 March – Ireland 2–3 Wales (in Belfast)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Linfield F.C.
 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Cliftonville F.C. 0–0 draw; replay result 2-1 Bohemian F.C.

Births

 * 9 January – Patrick Peyton, priest who promoted the Rosary (died 1992).
 * 30 January – George Crothers, cricketer (died 1982 in Northern Ireland).
 * 1 February – Timothy McAuliffe, Labour Party politician (died 1985).
 * 8 March – Francis MacManus, novelist (died 1965).
 * 3 April – Knox Cunningham, barrister, businessman, and Ulster Unionist politician (died 1976).
 * 19 April – Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander, cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer (died 1974).
 * 24 April –
 * Robert Farren (Roibeárd Ó Faracháin), poet (died 1984).
 * David Beers Quinn, historian (died 2002).
 * 30 April – F. E. McWilliam, sculptor (died 1992).
 * 4 June – Robert Dudley Edwards, historian (died 1988).
 * 7 July – Cecilia Thackaberry, Presentation Sisters nun, killed in Nigeria performing relief work (died 1969).
 * 24 July – Geoffrey Bing, lawyer and Labour politician in UK (died 1977 in Northern Ireland).
 * 31 July – Martin White, Kilkenny hurler (died 2011).
 * 1 August – W. R. Rodgers, writer, broadcaster, teacher, and Presbyterian minister (died 1969).
 * 4 October – Paddy Moore, association football player (died 1951).
 * 7 October – Michael O'Neill, nationalist politician and Member of Parliament (MP) (died 1976).
 * 20 October – James Patrick Scully, awarded George Cross for valour in 1941 in Liverpool in rescuing people from a bomb damaged building.
 * 28 October – Francis Bacon, painter (died 1992).
 * 4 November – Sir Basil Goulding, 3rd Baronet, cricketer, squash player, and art collector (died 1982).
 * 29 November – James Auchmuty, historian (died 1981).
 * Full date unknown
 * Muriel Brandt, artist (died 1981 in Northern Ireland).
 * Jack Stanley Gibson, surgeon and writer (died 2005).
 * Gabriel Hayes, sculptor, designer of Irish coins (died 1978).
 * W. R. Rodgers, poet and writer (died 1969 in Northern Ireland).

Deaths

 * 10 January – John Conness, United States Senator from California 1863–1869 (born 1821).
 * 4 February – James Lynam Molloy, poet, songwriter, and composer (born 1837).
 * 3 March – Bishop Richard Owens, Bishop of Clogher 1894–1909 (born 1840).
 * 19 March – Charles Guilfoyle Doran, Clerk of Works at St Colman's Cathedral, Cobh (born 1835).
 * 24 March – William Lundon, Irish Parliamentary Party MP (born 1839).
 * 24 March – John Millington Synge, author and playwright (Hodgkin's disease).
 * 4 April – Sir Theobald Burke, 13th Baronet (born 1833).
 * 22 May – Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, 4th Baronet, Liberal Party MP (born 1839).
 * 3 June – Charlotte Grace O'Brien, political and social activist, writer, and plant collector (born 1845).
 * 15 July – George Tyrrell, expelled Jesuit priest and Modernist Catholic scholar (born 1861).
 * 1 December – William Joseph Corbet, nationalist politician and MP (born 1824).

title: 1909 in Ireland


text:
User talk:Tyler111

After sleeping on the matter, I want to make a few statements.

 * 1) I apologize for some of my comments.
 * 2) I apologize for reverting without examining some of your edits; however, many of these reverts were justified. Some were not, however, and that is what I apologize for.
 * 3) I apologize to all for breaking the three-revert rule.
 * 4) I hope I haven't totally discouraged you. I should know better than to be reading my watchlist at 5am after a rough day. Now that I see you've made an account, I haven't totally discourage you.

Anyway, to all, I apologize. --Golbez 21:16, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)

If you havn't already seen, note that a number of images you uploaded have been listed on Copyright problems. -- Infrogmation 18:42, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

3RR Alert
Please read 3RR. Do not revert more than 3 times in 24 hours. This includes edits that have the effect of undoing other people's work, such as your 4 reverts in the last 24 hours at Japan. If you continue, you will be reported and blocked. Thank you.--Questionfromjapan 09:49, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Please do not remove messages from your talk page. Talk pages exist as a record of communication, and in any case, comments are available through the page history. You're welcome to archive your talk page, but be sure to provide a link to any deleted comments. Thanks. Ryulong 07:47, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

There are instructions on how to archive pages at WP:ARCHIVE. Ryulong 09:52, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Japan FA
Please be more reasonable. One editor has complained there is TOO MUCH history on the article. Given he is still unhappy, can't you accept we're trying to keep a lot of content? It's impossible if half the people that oppose the article do so because of one thing and the other half demand completely the opposite. John Smith's 09:32, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * WWII is hardly mentioned because there is so much history to cover - periods only get general coverage. And there is a link to war crimes at the end. As I said, please explain how I can satisfy both you and the other guy at the same time. John Smith's 09:37, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Then you need to suggest changes. It's no good saying "I want more balance", "I want more history". However you are bordering on too much bias if you accuse the article of being a "propaganda piece" just because it doesn't describe WWII with all the gore. However I will add a few bits on to the end about the war crimes, as that's consistent with the Germany article. John Smith's 09:44, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, I know it's just half a sentance but there's not much space. If people want to learn more they should use the links - that's what they're for. Please remember I am trying to please two conflicting demands. I can't discuss WWII in any more detail here - that's for the History of Japan page. If you have some small suggestions, such as how to fill in the early history, please make them. Though it has to be something worthwhile and sourced. John Smith's 09:49, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, could you please consider changing your "oppose" to "comment"? As the vote is very finely balanced, if you continue to oppose it it may fail before we can address these problems. If you go neutral it will keep the article alive (as there still won't be consensus). John Smith's 09:53, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Well I still need to see a suggestion as to what you want to put in/how you want to merge sections. Also what are you going to add?
 * "Forced prostitution" is describing what went on - "comfort women" describes the people that had to do it.
 * So are you going to change your vote to a neutral one or not? As I said if you really want the article improved you need to keep it alive. People won't look upon your requests favourably if your oppose vote kills it off. John Smith's 10:37, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Why do you keep ignoring my point about your oppose vote? If you refuse to consider changing to "comment" I won't help you and you can do it by yourself. John Smith's 10:45, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, don't worry about the last comment. I realised that because it's mild and the other support is mild that should balance it all out. Also I sense you have a desire to improve the page, whereas the other guy seems stubborn and just wants his demand "dealt with". He didn't even say how much the history page needs to be reduced by. John Smith's 11:05, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Tyler it's very kind of you to do that, but I need more time and a clearer idea of what you want changed. I'm sorry, but I can't help you if you don't help me. Also I have only a limited amount of time on wikipedia to do serious work. John Smith's 11:39, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

The problem with your suggestion of the Mahayana Buddhism bit is that it doesn't talk about the periods in between either (as to what Japan was doing) and it has no sources. We shouldn't just throw in a token reference to that. As to combining the other two periods that is fine if you can come up with an appropriate suggestion.

Maybe the 20th century doesn't need quite so much, but a lot happened then to Japan and the world. Whereas say in the Edo period of Japanese history not that much happened of note. John Smith's 12:20, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh come on! The issues in news reports are to do with how the war is taught, not an overemphasis on Meiji history onwards. Besides there is mention of influence from Asia as early as the Yagyoi section. John Smith's 12:35, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, why don't you insert the extract on Buddhism with the reference - please remember to format the citation - and we can go from there. Unless you have something else specific to want to add, a general complaint about "ignoring" Asian neighbours isn't helpful. Maybe you see it as a long-term thing to be discussed on the talk page of the article itself and not tie it to the FA nomination. After all we shouldn't debate it just amongst ourselves. John Smith's 12:52, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

May 2007
Please do not add unhelpful and unconstructive content to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Momusufan 15:17, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, I was correcting an obvious error in the article. If I'm not sure which part you believe is vandalism but I put in my explaination on your talk page and in the article talk page. Thanks --Tyler 08:54, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tyler111


text: User talk:80.189.213.192

title: User talk:80.189.213.192


text:
Soviet submarine K-279

K-279 was the first Project 667B Murena (also known by the NATO reporting name Delta I) ballistic missile submarine of the Soviet Navy. Development of Project 667B began in 1965. Her keel was laid down in 1971 by Sevmash at the Severodvinsk shipyard. She was launched in January 1972, and commissioned in the Soviet Northern Fleet on 22 December 1972.

Service history
In 1983, while operating under the Arctic Ocean icecap at the depth of 190 m, K-279 struck an iceberg. The submarine rolled about 20 degrees and lost depth control, diving to 300 m before recovering. The submarine continued her mission for another two months before returning to port, despite the significant damage she had suffered. The Soviet Navy published an advisory to submarine captains warning that the bottoms of icebergs can extend to depths of 200 m or more.

The American writers claims that on 20 October 1986, USS Augusta (SSN-710) collided with K-279 in the eastern Atlantic. The Soviet Navy claimed that Augusta collided with SOVIET SUBMARINE K-457.

In 1992, K-279 was decommissioned and held in reserve. In 1998 she was dismantled at Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk and her reactor section was towed to Sayda Bay.

title: Soviet submarine K-279


text:
File:Discreet Music EG.jpg

Summary
Cover of the EG release of the Brian Eno album Discreet Music, 1975.

title: File:Discreet Music EG.jpg


text:
Tarrant Keyneston

Tarrant Keyneston is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is situated in the Tarrant Valley, 5 mi southeast of Blandford Forum. In the 2011 census the parish had 152 dwellings, 145 households and a population of 310.

On the hills northwest of the village are the earthworks of Buzbury Rings (or Busbury Rings), the remains of an Iron Age and Romano-British fortified encampment or settlement,  described by Sir Frederick Treves in 1905 as "a circle of entrenchments, composed of a stout vallum and a ditch". The outer enclosure covers about 10 acre and within this is an inner enclosure, covering about 3 acre, which is the location of most of the finds from the site, including Roman pottery, animal bones and daub imprinted by wattles. The site has been much damaged by ploughing and by the road between Wimborne Minster and Blandford Forum, which crosses the site.

The village's parish church has a 15th-century tower, though the rest of the building was rebuilt in 1852 by Thomas Henry Wyatt. The chancel of the earlier building contained an anchorite's cell. The Bishop of Salisbury Richard Poore is most likely to have been buried at Tarrant Keyneston in accordance with his wishes.

Almost all of Tarrant Keyneston parish is within the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

title: Tarrant Keyneston


text:
United States Telecom Association

The United States Telecom Association (USTelecom) is an organization that represents telecommunications-related businesses based in the United States. As a trade association, it represent the converged interests of the country's telecommunications industry. Member companies represent a diverse set of communications-related businesses, including those that provide wireless, Internet, cable television, long distance, local exchange, and voice services. Members include large publicly traded communications carriers as well as small telephone cooperatives that serve only a few hundred customers in urban and rural areas. The organization was founded as the Independent Telephone Association of America in 1897, and represented the telecommunication industry of North America that was not affiliated with the Bell System led by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T).

History
The United States Telecom Association (USTelecom) was founded in Chicago, Illinois, on May 17, 1897, when a group of independent telephone company executives convened at the Palmer House to create an organization called the Independent Telephone Association. After the 1894 expiration of Alexander Graham Bell's principal telephone patent, thousands of independent telephone companies sprouted in the telephone industry in the last decade of the 19th century. These companies organized to promote growth of their industry and develop alliances on issues that crossed state lines. Renamed as the United States Independent Telephone Association in 1915, the organization focused on educational programs for its members, standardization efforts and representing its members on relevant policy issues addressed by the federal government. For instance, as the telephone industry grew, Congress enacted new laws, including the Communications Act of 1934 that established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which among a variety of initiatives, set a universal service goal of connecting all Americans via affordable, accessible telecommunications services. To meet the requirements of the new statutes, telephone companies worked through the association to educate members, develop common policy positions and interface with policymakers in Congress and at the FCC.

 * {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"

! Year ! Name of Association
 * 1897
 * Independent Telephone Association of America (ITAA)
 * 1903
 * Independent Telephone Association of the United States of America (ITAUSA)
 * 1904
 * National Independent Telephone Association of the United States (NITAUS)
 * 1909
 * National Independent Telephone Association (NITA)
 * 1915
 * United States Independent Telephone Association (USITA)
 * 1983
 * United States Telephone Association (USTA)
 * 1999
 * United States Telecom Association (USTelecom)
 * }
 * 1983
 * United States Telephone Association (USTA)
 * 1999
 * United States Telecom Association (USTelecom)
 * }
 * United States Telecom Association (USTelecom)
 * }

In modern times, USTelecom also advocates on behalf of the telecommunications industry to Courts, the White House, and the media.

Organization and leadership
As an American not-for-profit corporation, USTelecom is governed by a 19-member Board of Directors and an 18-member Leadership Committee. The Board of Directors is composed of member company executives that have been nominated by members of the Leadership Committee. The Leadership Committee comprises executives from small-to-mid-sized telecom companies that are members of the association. As of October 2023, the Chair is Jason Williams, CEO, Blackfoot Communications, and the Chair of the Leadership Committee is Jennifer Prather, CEO of Totelcom Communications. Since January 2017, Jonathan Spalter has served as President & CEO of USTelecom.

The association offers three different categories of paid membership:
 * Carrier Members - Companies that provide local telecommunications exchange and access services to residential, business and other customers in the United States.
 * Supplier Members - Companies that sell goods and services to the telecommunications industry.
 * International Members - Companies providing telecommunications services outside the United States and U.S. territories.

USTelecom serves as a forum in which member companies can coordinate advocacy of particular policy issues important to their companies and the telecommunications industry via the association's seven standing Committees and other ad hoc Committees.

Standing Committees:
 * Regulatory Affairs – Member companies develop policy and engage in advocacy before the FCC and other relevant American federal agencies.
 * Governmental Affairs – Member companies collaborate in their advocacy to lawmakers on mutually-beneficial policy issues.
 * External Affairs – These committee members develop and execute media and public relations strategies.
 * Tax Policy – Members develop the association's positions on tax and financial policy relevant to the telecommunications industry.
 * Engineering & Technology Policy – Members develop the association's position on a variety of technology issues and standards including numbering, IP services, open source software, network neutrality, DPI, and emerging technologies.
 * Intellectual Property and Privacy – Members develop the association's position on issues surrounding the ownership and distribution of content and protection of consumer information.
 * National Security and Public Safety – These committee members gather to inform and shape policies addressing cybersecurity, national security, emergency preparedness, and pandemic planning.

Notable Ad Hoc Committees:
 * Universal Service
 * Intercarrier compensation
 * Consumer protection
 * Video competition

Member education
Beyond representing member companies' interests to legislators, the administration, the FCC, and in courts, USTelecom conducts member education programs through webinars, conferences and leadership development programs. Other departments in the association dually support these educational and advocacy programs through the distribution of research briefs and industry-relevant newsletters.

title: United States Telecom Association


text:
Talk:Malaysian Grand Prix

Malaysian Grand Prix as a round of the Tasman Series????
The article suggests that the Malaysian Grand Prix was a round of the Tasman Series from 1968 to 1972. There is overwhelming evidence that this was not the case, e.g. at www.sergent.com.au and at www.teamdan.com. Was the intention to say that the race was open to cars complying with the Tasman Formula from 68 to 72 rather than that it was actually a Tasman Series round? If so, do we have any reliable sources confirming this? GTHO (talk) 02:32, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Copied in from elsewhere.. - Been doing some digging, appears AF2 may have been in use across the region for at least some of those years, mostly later years. Singapore Grand Prix seems to cite AF2 in later years. You'd imagine Singapore, Macau and Malaysia would have been using the same regs. Going on what I've picked up from the various historic meetings I attend there's a lot of these sort of cars that left Aus and disappeared into SE Asia and have since been restored and recovered. Brabhams, Biranna and Elfins scattered throughout the region. --Falcadore (talk) 09:16, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

1973 and 1974 events
The "Year by Year" table indicates that the 1973 and 1974 events were run to Formula Pacific regulations. But the Formula Pacific article indicates that the formula was first used in 1977. DH85868993 (talk) 12:09, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Have a read of this. --Falcadore (talk) 21:13, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

MALAYSIA Grand Prix?
I suggest considering changing the page name to Malaysia Grand Prix, instead of Malaysian Grand Prix; as it is now going to be called Malaysia Grand Prix. Post what you think. F1rocks 01:16, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Started RM - will have done its 7 days before the race starts.  Ron h jones (Talk) 20:13, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Mkativerata (talk) 09:33, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Malaysian Grand Prix → Malaysia Grand Prix — In line with the actual changed name - http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2010/9/11196.html  Ron h jones (Talk) 20:12, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Oppose per WP:COMMON NAME - I imagine this is a sponsor-driven thing and may well change next year or in the future. It would be the only race so named - we don't have the Belgium GP, the Turkey GP or the Italy GP. Also, it's been called the Malaysian GP for years, and the article title should reflect the whole existence of the event, not just this year. Bretonbanquet (talk) 21:23, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I have yet to hear a broadcaster or an independent source refer to it as the Malaysia Grand Prix, let alone for it to be referred to more often by this new title. So by COMMONNAME, it makes sense for the article to stay where it is for the moment. Unfortunately, I can't find a policy that allows us also to dismiss the the new title as grammatical nonsense. It can either be Grand Prix of Malaysia or Malaysian Grand Prix but not Malaysia Grand Prix, in the same way you can be a 'person from America', or an 'American person' but not an 'America person'. AlexJ (talk) 21:36, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The race was only renamed to co-incide with a sponsor title. The full title of the race is the "2011 Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix"; Petronas' official name is "Petronas Malaysia". To rename the article page as "2011 Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix" would be the same as renaming the 2011 Australian Grand Prix page "2011 Qantas Australian Grand Prix". Prisonermonkeys (talk) 07:56, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose, per Prisonermonkeys. Jonchapple (talk) 10:23, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose – I agree with Bretonbanquet and Prisonermonkeys. Common name of the series of annual events shouldn't be confused with official name of a single event. cherkash (talk) 22:27, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * I do not support move for the main article, perhaps article for 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix should move to 2011 Malaysia Grand Prix? Why FIA don't call Bahrain Grand Prix as Bahranian Grand Prix, why Abu Dhabi Grand Prix not call as Abu Dhabian Grand Prix, and also for Singapore Grand Prix? --Aleen f 1 23:13, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * No such term as Abu Dhabian, and in English, the terms "Bahraini" and "Singaporean" are much less often used than terms like "Chinese" or "Belgian". That's probably why the FIA don't use those terms.
 * Google hits for "Bahraini Grand Prix" = 12,600. Google hits for "Bahrain Grand Prix" = 589,000.
 * Likewise, Singaporean (10,900) vs. Singapore (1.86 million). Bretonbanquet (talk) 23:23, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Malaysian Grand Prix


text:
1908 in Ireland

Events in the year 1908 in Ireland.

Events

 * February – Republican leader Tom Clarke opened a tobacconist shop in Dublin under the name of T. S. Ó'Cléirigh which became a centre for Irish Republican Brotherhood activity.
 * 17 February – A statue of Queen Victoria was unveiled at Leinster House in Dublin.
 * 19 April – The Guildhall in Derry was largely destroyed by fire.
 * 19 May – Work began on a monument to Charles Stewart Parnell in Upper Sackville Street, Dublin.
 * 31 July – The Irish Universities Act 1908 received royal assent in the Parliament of the UK. This led to the establishment of the National University of Ireland and Queen's University of Belfast.
 * 8 September – Patrick Pearse opened St. Enda's School (Scoil Éanna) to offer a bilingual secondary education for boys at Cullenswood House in Ranelagh. It later moved to the Hermitage, Rathfarnham.
 * 11 November – The Irish Women's Franchise League was formed, with Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington as secretary.
 * 29 December – The Irish Transport Workers' Union was formed, with James Larkin as general secretary.

Arts and literature

 * January – Hugh Lane founded the Dublin City Gallery in Harcourt Street, the world's first to display only modern art.
 * 1 December – Cuala Press produced its first publication, Poetry and Ireland: essays by W. B. Yeats and Lionel Johnson.
 * Terence MacSwiney, T. C. Murray, Con O'Leary and Daniel Corkery founded the Cork Dramatic Society.
 * John Millington Synge's only comedic play, The Tinker's Wedding, was published.
 * Filson Young's novel When the Tides Turn was published.

Sport

 * 1908 Summer Olympics (London): Ireland competed as a separate country in field hockey and polo and won silver medals in both.

Association football

 * International
 * 15 February – Ireland 1–3 England (in Belfast)
 * 14 March – Ireland 0–5 Scotland (in Dublin)
 * 11 April – Wales 0–1 Ireland (in Aberdare)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Linfield F.C.
 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Bohemian F.C. 1–1 draw; replay result 3–1 Shelbourne F.C.

Golf

 * The golf course at Royal County Down Golf Club was modified by Harry Vardon, and Edward VII bestowed royal patronage on the club.

Births

 * 20 February – Florence Wycherley, independent Teachta Dála (TD) (died 1969).
 * 23 February – Jim Ware, Waterford hurler (died 1983).
 * 10 March – Patrick Shanahan, Fianna Fáil party TD (died 2000).
 * 27 April – Patrick Shea, Permanent Secretary in the Northern Ireland Civil Service (died 1986 in Northern Ireland).
 * 5 May – Mary Elmes, humanitarian (died 2002 in France).
 * 10 June – Gerard Sweetman, Fine Gael party TD and Cabinet minister (died 1970).
 * 20 July – Mad Dog Coll, born Uinseann (Vincent) Ó Colla, mob hitman in New York (killed in 1932 in the United States).
 * 24 July – Roger McHugh, professor, author, and playwright (died 1987).
 * 18 August – Sam English, association football player (died 1967 in Scotland).
 * 26 September – Hugh Delargy, British Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) (died 1976 in Northern Ireland).
 * 6 December – Con Cremin, diplomat (died 1987).
 * Full date unknown
 * Frances Kelly, painter (died 2002).
 * Niall Ó Dónaill, Irish language lexicographer and writer (died 1995).
 * Mervyn Wall, novelist and dramatist (died 1997).

Deaths

 * 17 January – Eyre Massey Shaw, Superintendent of the London Metropolitan Fire Brigade (born 1830; died in England).
 * 3 February – Thomas Mellon, entrepreneur, lawyer, and judge, founder of Mellon Bank (born 1813; died in the United States).
 * 23 March – Frederick Falkiner, lawyer, judge and author (born 1831).
 * 10 June – John F. Finerty, U.S. Representative from Illinois (born 1846; died in the United States).
 * 6 July – Thomas William Moffett, scholar, educationalist, and President of Queen's College Galway (born 1820).
 * 5 August – Caesar Litton Falkiner, Irish Unionist Party politician, barrister, writer, and historian (born 1863).
 * 30 August – Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse, 18th Chancellor of the University of Dublin (born 1840).
 * 4 November – John Pinkerton, Irish Parliamentary Party MP (born 1845).
 * 15 December – Hugh Annesley, 5th Earl Annesley, British military officer and MP (born 1831).
 * 19 December – Thomas Cleeve, founder of Condensed Milk Company of Ireland, High Sheriff of Limerick (born 1844).

title: 1908 in Ireland


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User:Pie4all88/Temp

Evaluating Wikipedia as an encyclopedia Expert rebellion Expert retention

title: User:Pie4all88/Temp


text:
Collective consciousness

Collective consciousness, collective conscience, or collective conscious (conscience collective) is the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. In general, it does not refer to the specifically moral conscience, but to a shared understanding of social norms.

The modern concept of what can be considered collective consciousness includes solidarity attitudes, memes, extreme behaviors like group-think and herd behavior, and collectively shared experiences during collective rituals, dance parties, and the discarnate entities which can be experienced from psychedelic use. Rather than existing as separate individuals, people come together as dynamic groups to share resources and knowledge. It has also developed as a way of describing how an entire community comes together to share similar values. This has also been termed "hive mind", "group mind", "mass mind", and "social mind".

Historical use of collective consciousness
The term was introduced by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in his The Division of Labour in Society in 1893. The French word conscience generally means "conscience", "consciousness", "awareness", or "perception". Given the multiplicity of definitions, translators of Durkheim disagree on which is most appropriate, or whether the translation should depend on the context. Some prefer to treat the word 'conscience' as an untranslatable foreign word or technical term, without its normal English meaning. As for "collective", Durkheim makes clear that he is not reifying or hypostasizing this concept; for him, it is "collective" simply in the sense that it is common to many individuals; cf. social fact.

Scipio Sighele published ‘La Foule Criminele’ one year before Durkheim, in which he describes emergent characteristics of crowds that don’t appear in the individuals that form the crowd. He doesn’t call this collective consciousness, but ‘âme de la foule’ (soul of the crowd). This term returns in Sigmund Freud’s book about mass psychology and essentially overlaps with Durkheims concept of collective consciousness.

Durkheim
Durkheim used the term in his books The Division of Labour in Society (1893), The Rules of the Sociological Method (1895), Suicide (1897), and The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912). In The Division of Labour, Durkheim argued that in traditional/primitive societies (those based around clan, family or tribal relationships), totemic religion played an important role in uniting members through the creation of a common consciousness. In societies of this type, the contents of an individual's consciousness are largely shared in common with all other members of their society, creating a mechanical solidarity through mutual likeness.

"The totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of a society forms a determinate system with a life of its own. It can be termed the collective or common consciousness."

In Suicide, Durkheim developed the concept of anomie to refer to the social rather than individual causes of suicide. This relates to the concept of collective consciousness, as if there is a lack of integration or solidarity in society then suicide rates will be higher.

Gramsci
Antonio Gramsci states, “A collective consciousness, which is to say a living organism, is formed only after the unification of the multiplicity through friction on the part of the individuals; nor can one say that ‘silence’ is not a multiplicity.” A form of collective consciousness can be formed from Gramsci's conception that the presence of a hegemony can mobilize the collective consciousness of those oppressed by the ruling ideas of society, or the ruling hegemony. Collective consciousness can refer to a multitude of different individual forms of consciousness coalescing into a greater whole. In Gramsci's view, a unified whole is composed of solidarity among its different constituent parts, and therefore, this whole cannot be uniformly the same. The unified whole can embrace different forms of consciousness (or individual experiences of social reality), which coexist to reflect the different experiences of the marginalized peoples in a given society. This agrees with Gramsci's theory of Marxism and class struggle applied to cultural contexts. Cultural Marxism (as distinguished from the right-wing use of the term) embodies the concept of collective consciousness. It incorporates social movements that are based on some sort of collective identity; these identities can include, for instance, gender, sexual orientation, race, and ability, and can be incorporated by collective-based movements into a broader historical material analysis of class struggle.

According to Michelle Filippini, “The nature and workings of collective organisms – not only parties, but also trade unions, associations and intermediate bodies in general – represent a specific sphere of reflection in the Prison Notebooks, particularly in regard to the new relationship between State and society that in Gramsci's view emerged during the age of mass politics.” Collective organisms can express collective consciousness. Whether this form of expression finds itself in the realm of the state or the realm of society is up to the direction that the subjects take in expressing their collective consciousness. In Gramsci's Prison Notebooks, the ongoing conflict between civil society, the bureaucracy, and the state necessitates the emergence of a collective consciousness that can often act as an intermediary between these different realms. The public organizations of protest, such as labor unions and anti-war organizations, are vehicles that can unite multiple types of collective consciousness. Although identity-based movements are necessary for the progress of democracy and can generate collective consciousness, they cannot completely do so without a unifying framework. This is why anti-war and labor movements provide an avenue that has united various social movements under the banner of a multiple collective consciousness. This is also why future social movements need to have an ethos of collective consciousness if they are to succeed in the long-term.

Zukerfield
Zukerfield states that “The different disciplines that have studied knowledge share an understanding of it as a product of human subjects – individual, collective, etc.” Knowledge in a sociological sense is derived from social conditions and social realities. Collective consciousness also reflects social realities, and sociological knowledge can be gained through the adoption of a collective consciousness. Many different disciplines such as philosophy and literature examine collective consciousness from different lenses. These different disciplines reach a similar understanding of a collective consciousness despite their different approaches to the subject. The inherent humanness in the idea of collective consciousness refers to a shared way of thinking among human beings in the pursuit of knowledge.

Collective consciousness can provide an understanding of the relationship between self and society. As Zukerfeld states, “Even though it impels us, as a first customary gesture, to analyse the subjective (such as individual consciousness) or intersubjective bearers (such as the values of a given society), in other words those which Marxism and sociology examine, now we can approach them in an entirely different light.” “Cognitive materialism” is presented in the work by Zukerfeld as a sort of ‘third way’ between sociological knowledge and Marxism. Cognitive materialism is based on a kind of collective consciousness of the mind. This consciousness can be used, with cognitive materialism as a guiding force, by human beings in order to critically analyze society and social conditions.

Collective consciousness in society
Society is made up of various collective groups, such as the family, community, organizations, regions, nations which as Burns and Egdahl state "can be considered to possess agential capabilities: to think, judge, decide, act, reform; to conceptualize self and others as well as self's actions and interactions; and to reflect.". It is suggested that these different national behaviors vary according to the different collective consciousness between nations. This illustrates that differences in collective consciousness can have practical significance.

According to a theory, the character of collective consciousness depends on the type of mnemonic encoding used within a group (Tsoukalas, 2007). The specific type of encoding used has a predictable influence on the group's behavior and collective ideology. Informal groups, that meet infrequently and spontaneously, have a tendency to represent significant aspects of their community as episodic memories. This usually leads to strong social cohesion and solidarity, an indulgent atmosphere, an exclusive ethos and a restriction of social networks. Formal groups, that have scheduled and anonymous meetings, tend to represent significant aspects of their community as semantic memories which usually leads to weak social cohesion and solidarity, a more moderate atmosphere, an inclusive ethos and an expansion of social networks.

Literary and oral tradition
In a case study of a Serbian folk story, Wolfgang Ernst examines collective consciousness in terms of forms of media, specifically collective oral and literary traditions. "Current discourse analysis drifts away from the 'culturalist turn' of the last two or three decades and its concern with individual and collective memory as an extended target of historical research". There is still a collective consciousness present in terms of the shared appreciation of folk stories and oral traditions. Folk stories enable the subject and the audiences to come together around a common experience and a shared heritage. In the case of the Serbian folk “gusle”, the Serbian people take pride in this musical instrument of epic poetry and oral tradition and play it at social gatherings. Expressions of art and culture are expressions of a collective consciousness or expressions of multiple social realities.

Sporting events
Edmans, Garcia, and Norlia examined national sporting defeats and correlated them with decreases in the value of stocks. They examined 1,162 football matches in thirty-nine countries and discovered that stock markets of those countries dropped on average forty-nine points after being eliminated from the World Cup, and thirty-one points after being eliminated in other tournaments. Edmans, Garcia, and Norli found similar but smaller effects with international cricket, rugby, ice hockey, and basketball games.

title: Collective consciousness


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Category:Nuevo León

The Mexican state of Nuevo León, on the Mexican Plateau and in the Sierra Madre Oriental.

title: Category:Nuevo León


text:
ADEN cannon

The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN cannon (ADEN being an acronym for "Armament Development, Enfield") is a 30 mm revolver cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British Royal Air Force and Fleet Air Arm. Developed post-World War II primarily to meet British Air Ministry's requirement for increased lethality in aircraft armament, the cannon was fired electrically and is fully automatic once it is loaded.

Design and development

During World War II, the German firm Mauser began development of a radically new 20 mm autocannon using a motorised firing mechanism in order to improve the rate of fire. The weapon was designed for 20mm mine shell rounds (designated the Mauser MG 213 and for 30mm rounds (the Mauser MK 213). However, production of the MK 213 never commenced due to development problems such as excessive barrel wear, not to mention the Allied Combined Bomber Offensive campaign against German industry. At the end of the war only 5 prototypes (V1 to V5) of either 20 mm MG 213 or 30 mm MK 213 were finished.

In the post-war era, the MK 213 became well known in armament circles, and a number of companies took up development. This included the Armament Development Establishment in the UK and GIAT in France. A common 30×111mm round was developed that offered a dramatic improvement in muzzle velocity from the MK 108's 540 m/s to the new design's 790 m/s. This was only slightly lower than contemporary 20 mm cannon like the Hispano Mk. V's 840 m/s, making the new round suitable for use during dogfights as well as against larger targets. The mechanism improved the rate of fire from the Mk. V's 750 rpm to 1,300 rpm, a significant improvement. The new weapon was quickly developed and production was set up at the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield. The name ADEN was created by combining the two first initials of Armament Development Establishment with the first two letters of Enfield, producing ADEN.

The ADEN cannon entered service on the British Hawker Hunter in 1954, and was subsequently used on every British gun-armed aircraft until the advent of the Panavia Tornado in the 1980s. The last version to see production was the Mk. 4. An improved version, the Mk. 5, incorporates a multitude of small changes to improve reliability and increase rate of fire to 1,500–1,700 rounds per minute. No new Mk 5s were built, but many older weapons were converted, being redesignated "Mk 5 Straden".

GIAT also introduced their version of the design as the DEFA cannon; the two weapons are very similar.

ADEN 25
The ADEN Mk 5 became the basis for the planned ADEN 25, which was to be a somewhat larger weapon at 90 in long and weighing 203 lb firing the new range of 25x137mm NATO STANAG 4173 ammunition (as developed for M242 Bushmaster) at a much higher muzzle velocity of 3445 ft/s. The lighter ammunition was also to produce a higher rate of fire, 1,650 to 1,850 rounds per minute. The ADEN 25 was selected for British Harrier GR.5 aircraft. After initial weight issues and persistent problems integrating the cannon with the pod, and the pod with the Harrier GR.5 aircraft, the MoD considered the cost of fixing the problems excessive, and the project was cancelled in 1999. Harrier GR.7 was cleared for emergency use of the ADEN 25. No attempt apparently having been made to retrofit the older ADEN 30 mm pods. Fleet Air Arm BAE Sea Harriers retained the 30 mm weapon until their retirement in 2006.

Built-in armament

 * CAC Sabre
 * English Electric Lightning
 * Folland Gnat
 * Gloster Javelin
 * HAL Ajeet
 * Hawker Hunter
 * Saab Draken
 * Saab Lansen
 * SEPECAT Jaguar
 * ST Aerospace A-4S Skyhawk
 * Supermarine Scimitar
 * Supermarine Swift

As external armament

The ADEN gun has seen use in several gun pods including:
 * British Hawker Siddeley Harrier and BAe Sea Harrier, as well as the US Marine Corps AV-8A/Cs, carried two 30 mm ADEN gun pods below the fuselage of the aircraft.
 * The and Matra SA-10 gunpods produced for Swedish Air Force by collaboration with FFV and S. A. Engins Matra used on Saab AJ 37 and Saab Sk 60B/C attack aircraft during the early 1970s used guns taken from scrapped Swedish Saab J 32Bs and Hawker Hunter J 34s. The FFV pod has also been sold to the Austrian Air Force for use on their Saab 105Ös.
 * A centreline gun pod containing ADEN gun and 100 rounds on the BAE Systems Hawk in RAF service. It is still in active service with, among others, the South African Air Force.

Specifications
The Aden is belt feed using a disintegrating belt of open type links.

 * Type: Single-barrel aircraft autocannon
 * Action: Revolver drum with 5 chambers
 * Operation: Gas operation
 * Cocking-system: Pneumatic
 * Priming: Electronic firing
 * Firing-system: Electrical 26 volts DC
 * Rifling: Progressive RH parabolic twist, 16 grooves
 * Cartridge: 30 × 111 mm
 * Calibre: 30 mm
 * Weight of complete weapon: 87.1 kg, 196 kg with 200 rounds
 * Length of complete weapon: 1590 - 1639 mm
 * Weight of barrel: 12.25 kg
 * Length of barrel: 1080 mm
 * Recoil load: 31.4 kN
 * Rate of fire: 1,200–1,500 rpm (ADEN Mk. 4), 1,500–1,700 rpm (ADEN Mk.5)

Ammunition
Ammunition for the ADEN included. ''

 * High Explosive (High Explosive Mk.3Z )
 * Projectile type: "High-Explosive, High-Capacity"
 * Fuze type: Nose fuze
 * Explosive filling: 52.5 g Torpex 5 (Hexotonal)
 * Cartridge weight: 440 g
 * Projectile weight: 220 g
 * Propellant weight: 46 g
 * CU-pressure: 2930 bar
 * Muzzle velocity: 795 m/s

 * Armour-piercing (30 mm pprj m/55 Sweden )
 * Projectile type: Armour-Piercing, Composite Rigid
 * Fuze type: None
 * Core type: Tungsten penetrator
 * Cartridge weight: 511 g
 * Projectile weight: 270 g
 * Core weight: 150 g
 * Propellant weight: 47 g
 * CU-pressure: 2930 bar
 * Muzzle velocity: 795 m/s

 * Target practice (Practice Mk.2Z, UK )
 * Projectile type: Inert solid metal plug in place of fuze and explosive charge
 * Cartridge weight: 440 g
 * Projectile weight: 220 g
 * Core weight: 80.5 g
 * Propellant weight: 46 g
 * CU-pressure: 2930 bar
 * Muzzle velocity: 795 m/s

Users

 * Royal Australian Air Force
 * Royal Bahraini Air Force
 * Belgian Air Component
 * Chilean Air Force
 * Danish Air Force
 * Finnish Air Force
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq
 * Iraqi Air Force
 * Indian Air Force
 * Indian Naval Air Arm
 * Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU)
 * Royal Jordanian Air Force
 * Kenyan Air Force
 * Kuwait Air Force
 * Lebanese Air Force
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force
 * Royal Malaysian Air Force
 * Royal Air Force of Oman
 * Peruvian Air Force
 * Qatar Emiri Air Force
 * Rhodesia (now )
 * Royal Rhodesian Air Force (later to Air Force of Zimbabwe)
 * Royal Saudi Air Force
 * Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * South African Air Force
 * Republic of Korea Air Force
 * Somali Air Corps
 * Spanish Naval Air Arm
 * Swedish Air Force – designated 30 mm akan m/55
 * Swiss Air Force
 * Royal Thai Navy Flying Unit
 * United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * Fleet Air Arm
 * Royal Air Force
 * Peruvian Air Force
 * Qatar Emiri Air Force
 * Rhodesia (now )
 * Royal Rhodesian Air Force (later to Air Force of Zimbabwe)
 * Royal Saudi Air Force
 * Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * South African Air Force
 * Republic of Korea Air Force
 * Somali Air Corps
 * Spanish Naval Air Arm
 * Swedish Air Force – designated 30 mm akan m/55
 * Swiss Air Force
 * Royal Thai Navy Flying Unit
 * United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * Fleet Air Arm
 * Royal Air Force
 * Spanish Naval Air Arm
 * Swedish Air Force – designated 30 mm akan m/55
 * Swiss Air Force
 * Royal Thai Navy Flying Unit
 * United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * Fleet Air Arm
 * Royal Air Force
 * United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * Fleet Air Arm
 * Royal Air Force
 * Fleet Air Arm
 * Royal Air Force

title: ADEN cannon


text:
1907 in Ireland

Events in the year 1907 in Ireland.

Events

 * 2 January – A new system of rail cars running from Dublin Amiens Street station to Howth was introduced.
 * 5 January – The first motor show under the auspices of the Irish Automobile Club opened at the Royal Dublin Society.
 * 6 January – The Sunday provisions of the new Licensing Act come into operation in Dublin and four other cities. Sunday opening hours would be from 2pm to 5pm.
 * 26 January – The first performance of J. M. Synge's play The Playboy of the Western World at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin triggered a week of rioting.
 * 4 May – The Irish International Exhibition opened in Dublin.
 * 7 May – Augustine Birrell introduced the Irish Council Bill; it was rejected by a Nationalist convention on 21 May and dropped by the government on 3 June.
 * 6 July – The Crown Jewels of Ireland, valued at £50,000, were stolen from a safe in Dublin Castle.
 * 10–11 July – King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra made a state visit to attend the Irish International Exhibition in Dublin.
 * 26 July – A large rally was held in Belfast City Hall in support of the continuing Dockers and Carters strike.
 * 4 September – An Irish Parliamentary Party meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin was disrupted by Sinn Féin who held a demonstration outside.
 * 17 October – The Marconi transatlantic wireless telegraphy service between Galway and Canada was opened. Messages were exchanged without a hitch.
 * 9 November – The Irish International Exhibition ended after six months. An estimated 2.75 million people visited it, including a large number from abroad.
 * November – Irish republican Tom Clarke returned to Ireland from the United States.

Arts and literature

 * 26 January – Large sections of the audience booed the opening performance of J. M. Synge's The Playboy of the Western World at the Abbey Theatre.
 * 28 January – Another performance of The Playboy of the Western World at the Abbey Theatre was interrupted by the audience who continued to boo, hiss and shout.
 * 4 February – In a public debate at the Abbey Theatre, the poet W. B. Yeats denied trying to suppress audience distaste during a performance of The Playboy of the Western World.
 * May – James Joyce's poems Chamber Music were published.
 * Early – Seven-year-old future author Elizabeth Bowen moved with her mother from Ireland to the south of England.
 * Publication of Padraic Colum's poems Wild Earth.
 * Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney wrote A Soldier's Song (with English lyrics); it later became Amhrán na bhFiann (in Irish), the Irish national anthem.
 * Publication of County Cork-born retired Chicago chief of police Francis O'Neill's collection The Dance Music of Ireland.

Association football

 * International
 * 16 February – England 1–0 Ireland (in Liverpool)
 * 23 February – Ireland 2–3 Wales (in Belfast)
 * 16 March – Scotland 3–0 Ireland (in Glasgow)
 * Irish League
 * Winners: Linfield F.C.

 * Irish Cup
 * Winners: Cliftonville F.C. 0–0, 1–0 Shelbourne F.C.

Golf

 * The British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship was held at Royal County Down Golf Club, (winner: May Hezlet).

Births

 * 21 February – Colville Deverell, cricketer and politician (died 1995).
 * 1 March – Robert Malachy Burke, Christian Socialist and philanthropist (died 1998).
 * 15 May – John Galvin, Fianna Fáil party Teachta Dála (TD) (died 1963).
 * 1 June – Helen Megaw, crystallographer (died 2002 in Northern Ireland).
 * 2 June – Dan O'Keeffe, Kerry Gaelic footballer (died 1967).
 * 29 June – Paul O'Dwyer, lawyer and politician in the United States (died 1998).
 * 13 July – John David Gwynn, cricketer (died 1998).
 * 15 July – Seamus Murphy, sculptor (died 1975).
 * 14 August – H. Montgomery Hyde, barrister, author and Ulster Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) (died 1989 in Northern Ireland).
 * 14 September
 * Janet McNeill, novelist and playwright (died 1994 in England)
 * Edel Quinn, lay missionary (died 1944).
 * 8 October – J. G. Devlin, actor (died 1991 in Northern Ireland).
 * 28 October – John Hewitt, poet (died 1987 in Northern Ireland).
 * 1 November – Bill Loughery, cricketer (died 1977 in Northern Ireland).
 * 26 November – Theodore William Moody, historian (died 1984).
 * 19 December – Jimmy McLarnin, boxer (died 2004 in Northern Ireland).
 * Full date unknown
 * Desmond Clarke, librarian and writer (died 1979).
 * Maura Laverty, writer, journalist, and broadcaster (died 1966).
 * Áine Ní Cheanainn, educationalist (died 1999)
 * Margot Ruddock, actress, poet, and singer (died 1951).
 * Henry Tyrell-Smith, motor cycle racer (died 1982).

Deaths

 * 16 January – Daniel John O'Donoghue, printer, labour leader, and politician in Ontario (born 1844).
 * 20 January – Agnes Mary Clerke, astronomer and writer (born 1842).
 * 31 January – Timothy Eaton, businessman, founded Eaton's department store in Canada (born 1834).
 * 11 February – William Howard Russell, journalist (born 1821).
 * 16 March – John O'Leary, Irish poet and Fenian (born 1830).
 * 9 April – Owen Hall, theatre writer and critic (born 1853).
 * 1 May – John Kells Ingram, poet, scholar, economist, and historian of economic thought (born 1823).
 * 10 June – Alexander John Arbuthnot, British official in India and writer (born 1822).
 * 8 July – John Horgan, politician and member of the Western Australian Legislative Council (born 1834).
 * 3 August – Augustus Saint-Gaudens, sculptor (born 1848).
 * 7 August – James Brenan, artist (born 1837).
 * 13 August – George Charlemont, former Gaelic footballer (born 1873).
 * 17 November – Francis Leopold McClintock, Royal Navy officer, explorer in Canadian Arctic Archipelago (born 1819).
 * 17 December – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, mathematical physicist, engineer, and leader in the physical sciences (born 1824).
 * Full date unknown
 * Robert Cain, brewer and businessman (born 1826).
 * Denis Kearney, politician in America (born 1847).

title: 1907 in Ireland


text:
Tarrant Launceston

Tarrant Launceston is a small village and civil parish in north Dorset, England, situated in the Tarrant Valley 5 mi northeast of Blandford Forum. The parish includes part of Blandford Camp to the west and a few buildings on the northern edge of neighbouring Tarrant Monkton to the south. In the 2011 census the parish had 156 households and a population of 498.

Although the Great Dorset Steam Fair is advertised as being located in Tarrant Hinton, the actual show site itself is in Tarrant Launceston, which is one of the adjacent parishes.

Governance & religion
Tarrant Launceston civil parish falls under the Dorset Council ward of Cranborne Chase, whose present councillor is Conservative Piers Brown, and the parliamentary constituency of North Dorset, whose present MP is Conservative Simon Hoare.

In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical parish of Tarrant Monkton with Tarrant Launceston falls under the Chase Benefice (formed in 2001), the deanery of Milton and Blandford, the archdeaconry of Dorset, the diocese of Salisbury, and the province of Canterbury.

title: Tarrant Launceston