text:
Inside Woody Allen

Inside Woody Allen is an American gag-a-day celebrity comics comic strip about the comedian and filmmaker Woody Allen. Drawn by Stuart Hample, the strip ran from October 4, 1976, to April 8, 1984.

The strip's first year was credited to a pseudonym, Joe Marthen. Hample's name appeared on the strip starting September 19, 1977.

Characters and story
The strip was based on Allen's comedic persona and focused on his neuroses, angst, sexual frustration and frequent psychiatric treatment.

Writers for the strip included David Weinberger.

Collected editions
A collection of some strips was published in 1978 as  Non-Being and Somethingness: Selections from the Comic Strip Inside Woody Allen (ISBN 0-394-73590-0) and features an introduction by Buckminster Fuller. Another volume, Dread and Superficiality: Woody Allen as Comic Strip was published in 2009 (ISBN 0810957426).

In Annie Hall
Allen's 1977 film Annie Hall contains an animated sequence based on Hample's artwork, though the actual animation was done by Chris Ishii.

title: Inside Woody Allen


text:
Bratslav

Bratslav (Брацлав) is a rural settlement in Ukraine, located in Tulchyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city and a regional center of the Eastern Podolia region (see Bracław Voivodeship) founded by government of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which dramatically lost its importance during the 19th-20th centuries. Population:

Name
In addition to the Ukrainian Брацлав (Bratslav), in other languages the name of the city is Bracław and בראָצלעוו, Brotslev. Today also pronounced Breslev or Breslov as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town.

History
The first written mention of Bratslav dates back to 1362. City status was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1564. Bratslav belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Lublin Union of 1569, when it became a voivodeship center in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland as part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In the early 16th century, the Starosta of Bratslav and Vinnytsia (Winnica) was Hetman Kostiantyn Ostrozky, who commanded Polish–Lithuanian army in the Battle of Orsha. Nevertheless, Ostrozky was unable to protect Bratslav and its castle from destruction in 1497, when the town was raided by Crimean Tatars. The castle was rebuilt and reinforced by order of Polish King Alexander I Jagiellon, but it was destroyed once again, in 1551, during a Tatar raid commanded by Khan Devlet I Giray, after which Bratslav turned into a desert.

In 1564, Bratslav was granted Magdeburg rights, and five years later, following the Union of Lublin, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland, becoming capital of the Bratslav Voivodeship, which existed for over 200 years. During this time, Bratslav (then named Bracław in Polish) by the authorities, was property of Polish kings, and was ruled by the starostas.

In 1570, a special commission of the Polish Sejm marked boundaries of the Bratslav Voivodeship. In the west, it reached the Dniestr and the Murachwa rivers, in the north it went along the so-called Black Tatar Trail. With top-quality soil, the so-called chernozem, Bracław Voivodeship was the most fertile region of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1589 in Warsaw, the Sejm granted coat of arms to the town: a cross in red field, with blue shield in the middle. In 1598, Polish Parliament decided to move the seat of local courts and sejmiks from Bratslav to Vinnytsia, and as a result, Winnica became a de facto capital of the voivodeship, even though it was still named after Bracław.

On October 5, 1594, Zaporozhian Cossacks under Severyn Nalyvaiko murdered near Bratslav Castle a tabor of the local Polish nobility, who tried to escape the Nalyvaiko Uprising. In 1648, during the Bohdan Khmelnytsky rebellion, Bracław became a Cossack regimental city, part of the Ukrainian Hetman state, which was later assimilated by the Tsardom of Russia. In 1667, under the Treaty of Andrusiv, Russia returned the city to Poland. The city was ruled by the Ottoman Empire between 1672 and 1699, returning then to Poland once more. It became part of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, along with the rest of the formerly Polish Right-bank Ukraine. Under Russia, Bratslav was an uezd (district) center in the Podolia Governorate. As the city had no access to a railroad, its importance and population gradually declined.

Bratslav is famous in Judaism as the place where Rabbi Nachman lived and taught between 1802 and 1810. Rabbi Nachman was the founder of one of the major branches of Hasidism, Breslover Hasidism, and an author of Jewish mystical works. After the 1917 revolution Judaism had been strongly persecuted. The history of this persecution is well illustrated by the life of Bratslav rabbi Moishe Yankel Rabinovich who served as a rabbi from 1919 to 1968.

In 1926 Bratslav had a population of 7,842 (Source=Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer).

During World War II, Bratslav was occupied by German and Romanian armies on July 22, 1941, and was made into a ghetto for Jews of Bratslav and its vicinities. According to Romanian reports, there were 747 Jews in Bratslav in the end of December 1941. On January 1, 1942, most Jews were transferred to an extermination camp, and 50 people were drowned in the South Bug river. Two labor camps for German construction companies Todt-Dorman and Horst und Jessen were opened in August 1942. They hosted about 1,200 Jews deported from Romania, as well as about 300 Ukrainian Jews. The labor schedule was designed to exhaust all prisoners: work in masonry, without days off, from dawn till dusk, with a 30-minute lunch break. On September 23, 1942, all elderly and children were shot in a neighboring forest. The executions continued regularly after that date. In April 1943, Todt-Dorman camp was closed, and the prisoners were transferred to Horst und Jessen. Bratslav was part of Transnistria Governorate in Kingdom of Romania till its liberation on 17 March 1944 by Red Army.

Until 26 January 2024, Bratslav was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Bratslav became a rural settlement.

Language
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:

Notable people

 * Ivan Bohun — Ukrainian Cossack
 * Ivan Volosheniuk — a Ukrainian writer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bratslav


text:
Talk:Harry J. Anslinger

Revised
I did some major revising of the article. I did my best to make it seem a little more neutral, and put how Mr. Anslinger acted in historical context. Of course, he was still a very stubborn man, and effectively profited off a base-less fear in marijuana. Regardless, I think now it is important to add information that does not have to do with his anti-marijuana/political attitudes. --Howrealisreal 17:52, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That's a major improvement. Nicely done. -- Xerxes 22:48, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

The neutrality of this article seems highly suspect. I mean, he sounds like a bad guy to me, but all the sources are just diatribes by pro-marijuana groups. -- Xerxes 21:54, 2004 Sep 28 (UTC)
 * Any facts, dates or quotes you take issue with? That neutrality label has been so debased at Wikipedia, many more fastidious users won't touch it. Perhaps you'd like to add some more positive data. Wetman 00:56, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

A cleanup notice has been applied by User:Poccil.

There is also Harry Anslinger. Howrealisreal 03:33, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

From what I've read, the guy is an awful was of a human being would make a great poster child for retroactive abortion. But my (hyperbolic) feelings aside, the article is simply not acceptable. I'll see what I can do with it over break, but no promises. User:Knotanutt

I hate to break the wikipedia vow of neutrality, but if you read his own memoir, it's hard not to see him as a pretty sleazy figure. He paints himself as a character from Dragnet, but it only take a cursory glance between the lines to see how he supplied drugs and easy sentences to the powerful while coming down hard on the disadvantaged.

How did he supply drugs? 71.202.17.218 (talk) 10:31, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

_____

Opinion within the federal law enforcement community views Anslinger as simply a power-hungry bureaucrat who used the marijuana issue as a means to attain personal power and influence.

Just wanted to point out that www.drugwarlibrary.org seems to be nonexistant any more, because there were two articles there that I relied on, http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/LIBRARY/studies/vlr/vlrtoc.htm and http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/whiteb1.htm which now result in default 'error' pages full of ads for other companies/products, claiming 'This page is parked free, courtesy of GoDaddy.com'. Those two links are closely related to the book written by Profs. Whitebread and Bonnie entitled 'The Marijuana Conviction,' which is thankfully now available on half.com here: http://product.half.ebay.com/_W0QQprZ994447QQcpidZ1442757 which was written after extensive research into the DEA's own library. I highly recommend anyone who wants to be knowledgable on the matter to read it; I got my copy from the half.com link posted above and it cost me under $14, including s/h. I also really need to learn how to edit text wiki-style so i can enhance my posts. User: davesilvan

 * I found a lot of reference errors in the Whitebread and Bonnie book, which they failed to address in a letter I sent them.
 * The 2 links to druglibrary above aren't on drugwarlibrary.org, and they work fine for me.~Uncle Mike —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.227.254.141 (talk) 12:58, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Mr. Anslinger's place in history
Mr. Anslinger has been a source of curiosity to me. Largely because everything we think we know about him comes from pro-Marijuana advocates, including great recorded footage of Anslinger in the 1990 documentary-esque "Grass". Yet for as powerful a post he held for as long as he did—second only to Hoover at the FBI—reference and government sources barely recognized him. Even the Bush II's DEA website makes only a tiny mention of him; Clinton's DEA had a page dedicated to him, with only his picture and years of tenure, not even his birth and death dates. Just the picture.--RickAguirre 17:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Removed the following sentence from the intro:

 * '' "This is understandable, as those currently fighting the War on Drugs would logically not want to associate themselves with a man who has been so widely discredited."

 * In fact, Mr. Ansligner has not been  "widely discredited" ; moreover, he hasn't received much governmental credit for his role, which is different from being discredited. Further, the statement  "would logically not want to associate themselves"  is a supposition that suggests POV. This article can further stand to be modified against a few weasel terms; I just haven't gotten around to it yet. --RickAguirre 04:19, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * As a pro-marijuana activist I hate to put in a good word for Anslinger, but I feel I must. Contrary to what a lot of authors say, Anslinger wasn't fired dishonorably. He was forced to retire amidst the 1960's drug war controversy, but was honorably "cited" for his service by President Kennedy. Surprisingly, the president praised Anslinger stating he was, "a dedicated defender for the interest of people all over the world." Although a lot of his constituants at the time thought Anslinger was terribly misguided in his drug war tactics, evidently they thought his heart was in the right place and cited him for his work at his retirment send off. (Narcotics Bureau Head Retiring, US Bids 400 Map Help for Addicts, New York Times, July 2, 1962, p. L15 & L19).~Uncle Mike

Aslinger has been widely discredited, by way of actual medical research, which prove he was absolutely wrong in his assertions that marijuana 'made people crazy' and 'turned them into homicidal maniacs.' Besides, he'd already changed his story after those original claims were rebuked, where he said it would make the user so docile that he would not even lift a weapon to defend his own country in times of war.' User: davesilvan

DuPont/petrochem influence on Anslinger anti-hemp campaign
I see this assertion repeated here without source or support. While that Anslinger was a demagogue of the worst sort, this claim appears unsubstantiated and, frankly, wrong. Nylon wasn't invented until 1935; by this article as it stands, Anslinger was already ramping up his anti-marajuana campaign before that year. Rayon had been in existence for roughly a decade, but (a) wasn't a major competitor for hemp fiber in its early form (b) is a wood-pulp product, not a pure petro product like nylon. Silverlake Bodhisattva

 * Silverlake, who commented on this topic at the bottom of this page is correct. The popular theory of the AHD conspiracy to outlaw marijuana has more than a few weak points. How do I know? I also happen to have the largest online collection of documents relating to that, including the most in-depth single piece of research done to date.

 * You will have to find it on your own though, because the editors here certainly wouldn't let me post it. It would be "spamming", according to them. The Wikipedia article is weak, at best, but it will probably never be corrected.

 * The idea that there might have been an influential connection between Anslinger, Hearst & Dupont already exists, and this page seems exactly the place to explore how plausible that is, including stating that Nylon had not been invented until 1935 (or mass produced until 1938). Certainly phrases like "There is some belief that Anslinger, DuPont..." (emphasis added) make such contentions less credible.

 * Nevertheless, Anslinger did marry a Mellon*, and Secretary Mellon's private bank was at that time the principal investor in Irenée DuPont's petrochemical company. Each of these three men held tremendous power and influence, and the idea that these men would not abuse or even use that power to benefit their own interests should not be summarily dismissed. The Great American Streetcar Scandal stands an example—in the realm of reality—of the machinations powerful interests are capable of (to say nothing about the relationship between DuPont and GM). *Whether this Mellon was at all related to Secretary Mellon's family remains to be proven (at least through my research; Wolfman97, if you have evidence that speaks directly to this, please do share). Hearst, meanwhile, doesn't add any ethical integrity to this group, but more importantly, this a fairly fascinating time in history and these conspiratorial elements—true or not, with full or partial evidence—are interesting and deserve mention. --RickAguirre 14:06, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This reference is marked as "Citation needed". I have the citation "attibuted" to the Harry Anslinger--Andrew Mellon connection. My extensive research has failed to find evidence of their family connection through the marrage of Martha Anslinger (maiden name Denniston). There was no mention of the family connection thought to reside in the Altoona Mirror Newspaper obituary of Martha Anslinger on October 10, 1961 p.22. The source of the reference came from Professor McWilliams' book "The Protectors". As you can see by the e-mail below, he can not prove the conection, so lets drop the citation and any mention of it. (Blank lines and some spaces removed.)4.227.252.183 13:38, 11 September 2007 (UTC)Uncle Mike
 * Dear Professor McWilliams, I'm very interested in history, like you, and greatly enjoyed your book on Anslinger. In doing my own research on the history of marijuana, I have studied many of the sources you referenced in "The Protectors". All but one of the references I was interested in panned out for me. The one reference in question is that of Mellon being related to Anslinger by way of his marriage to Martha Denniston referenced in chapter 1, page 30 as #19 (Obituary of Martha Anslinger, Altoona Mirror, 10 September 1961). I located the obituary on October 10, 1961, page 22, but it didn't include any mention of Mellon. Can you provide me with an original source reference regarding this important connection?
 * Mike, I appreciate your interest in my work and am pleased it has facilitated your research. As I recall, the Mellon reference was from interviews with several of Anslinger's hometown acquaintances in the Altoona/Hollidaysburg area.  I completed my research for "The Protectors" about 15 years ago and no longer have much of what I used for the book.  Over the past few years I have gradually been disposing of files I didn't think I would have much use for.  Sorry I can't be more helpful.
 * Good luck with you project.
 * John C. McWilliams
 * Associate Professor of History
 * Penn State University

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.227.248.122 (talk) 03:57, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

After posting the previous obituary comment the "Citation needed" was replaced with (#2^ Valentine, Douglas (2004). The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs. Verso Books. pp. 16. ISBN 1-85984-568-1.)I obtained a copy of Valentine's book "The Strength of the Wolf" for the Mellon reference. Upon my examination of page 16 in the book, referenced as #22, their appeared to be a reference mistake. It would appear that Valentine should have referenced #21 Douglas Kinder, "Bureaucratic Cold Warrior: Harry J. Anslinger and Illicit Narcotic Traffic," Pacific Cost Branch, American Historical Association, Pacific Historical Review, 1981, 172-3." Kinder's book did mention the "Martha Denniston Leet" reference as #5, admittedly though, reference #5 has dozens of references, but near the end Kinder states "Anslingers appointment to the Narcotics Division is explained in John K. Caldwell to Cotton, June 28, 1930, item no. 811.114 n16/1813. box 4917, State Department General Records, decimal file 1930-39, National Archives, Washington, D.C." I obtained a copy of the Caldwell letter, but no mention of Martha was found. I am therefore going to mark the Mellon-Anslinger connection as "Citation needed" again.

Uncle Mike

 * If it's really been unsourced for almost two years it's better to just remove it.--Sus scrofa (talk) 14:47, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

After spending so much time trying to find this reference I can't remove it. Still holding out a little hope someone has a good reference for the Mellon-Anslinger family connection. Uncle Mike —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.118.43.177 (talk) 19:31, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

If anyone agrees with listing reference #2 again as "Citation needed" please do so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.118.43.177 (talk) 18:17, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

I also have interest in a connection, so I started to research. From what I found, there is no family connection between Mellon and Anslinger. Here is the information on Andrew Mellon's Family: Father: Thomas Mellon (banker, b. 3-Feb-1813, d. 3-Feb-1908) Mother: Sarah Jane Negley Mellon (b. 3-Feb-1817, m. 22-Aug-1843, d. 19-Jan-1909) Brother: Thomas Alexander Mellon (b. 26-Jun-1844, d. 24-Jan-1899) Brother: James Ross Mellon (banker, b. 14-Jan-1846, d. Oct-1934) Sister: Sarah Emma Mellon (d. childhood) Sister: Annie Rebecca Mellon (d. childhood) Brother: Samuel Selwyn Mellon (b. 1853, d. childhood) Brother: Richard Beatty Mellon ("R.B.", President of Alcoa, b. 19-Mar-1858, d. Dec-1933) Brother: George Negley Mellon (b. 30-Jun-1860, d. 15-Apr-1887) Wife: Nora McMullen (m. 1900, div., d. 1973) Daughter: Ailsa Mellon Bruce (b. 1901, d. 1969) Son: Paul Mellon (philanthropist, b. 1907, d. 1999) http://www.nndb.com/people/133/000056962/

Supposedly Anslinger married Mellon's niece, Martha Kind Denniston As her last name is listed as Denniston, that would mean that likely if she were a niece of Mellon she would have to be the daughter of one of his sisters who had a last name change when she married a Denniston then had a child. Had she been a child of one of his brothers, she would have the last name Mellon at the time of marriage. He only had 2 sisters, both died in childhood. Mmotley67 (talk) 14:47, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

The idea was invented by my old friend, Jack Herer (RIP), in his book, The Emperor Wears No Clothes. I did several presentations with Jack, but his research was a bit light at times and he told a better story than the facts actually warranted. In short, there is no real evidence to support the idea, and lots of reasons to believe it would not be true. For one thing, even the hemp farmers did not protest the law because they weren't making any money from hemp, anyway. They still had the crop from three years earlier sitting in the warehouse unsold because there weren't any companies left that could turn it into consumer goods. As for DuPont, they made all their money from explosives, so synthetic fabrics were a sideline. Also, nylon is not a competitor to hemp. The big nylon product of the day was ladies stockings and no lady was going to trade their nylons for hemp. For a more detailed explanation, with links to references, see Was There Really A Conspiracy to Outlaw Hemp? 76.9.88.166 (talk) 02:09, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

Note in response to previous posters
For those previous posters who noted that druglibrary.org was down for a while let me assure you that it is back up and in operation. Thank you for your concern and thank you for making the effort to keep those documents in public view.

Now we have another issue, of course. Regular readers of druglibrary.org know that is has the largest online collection of documents by and about Harry Anslinger (among other things). The reason that collection is there is because I OCRed and/or handtyped most of them from rare originals way back before Wikipedia was even a fond idea.

So -- those of you who know the Schaffer Library and are familiar with it -- you would probably think that it would be entirely appropriate to post a link to the largest collection of personal Anslinger documents in the Wikipedia article on Anslinger. Now doesn't that seem logical? I thought so, so I tried to post the link.

The link was immediately deleted by an editor who claimed that, because the link comes from my site, it is "spamming". Never mind that it links to the most complete collection of relevant documents.

Never mind that the same documents have been linked from other pages on Wikipedia for many years. On one page, my link is OK, on another it is "spam" and I have to post it here in the discussion. Never mind even that my site is already mentioned as a valuable resource on this very discussion page. Go figure.

Perhaps even more interesting was the edit on the book "The Traffic in Narcotics". I put in a link to the full text of Anslinger's own book "The Traffic in Narcotics". That was also deleted. At the same time, they retained the link to an article "The Traffic in Narcotics" that originally came from that book. What was the difference? The article comes from the "neutral" UNODC site while mine comes from a "personal" site. Mine is therefore "spam".

OK, so let's get this settled once and for all. On this page, I posted two links. They were:

http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/people/anslinger/traffic/default.htm -- This is the full text of the book "The Traffic in Narcotics" -written by Harry Anslinger

http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/people/anslinger/index.htm - This is a link to the largest online collection of documents by and about Anslinger.

Just for the record, let me note that 1) I put all those documents on the net so, if they are linked from any other site, then that site copied them from mine. 2) All the documents are presented in their full text without my editorial comments. You know, just like you would find in any ordinary library. 3) I don't even agree with some of the documents. My opinion of Anslinger is that he was something of a nut case but I have just presented his writings as I found them so others can read them and make their own opinions. You know, I wanted to be "neutral" in that regard.

Now I would have thought that a collection of Anslinger's personal documents was a perfectly appropriate link for the article on Harry Anslinger. I got told that sort of thing was not allowed, and I have to go through this process and ask permission from the general consensus of readers before posting such "spam". OK, so here it is.

What is the public consensus on putting a link to a collection of Anslinger's own documents on the Harry Anslinger page? How do you vote? Is it:

1) "spamming"

2) absolutely essential to the article

And, just for the record, I have numerous other documents that are simply the best references in the world on the subject. For some examples, look up the Wikipedia articles on the US National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, the La Guardia Committee Report, the Marihuana Tax Act, etc. I posted all of the original documents on the web and Wikipedia has linked to me since the articles were created.

Just for the record, let's note one obvious error in Wikipedia right now. The Wikipedia article is titled "1937 Marijuana Tax Act". This is the wrong spelling. The US Government has traditionally spelled it "Marihuana" - with an "h". I would try to correct it but I have been told that I am not qualified to do so.

Therefore, can we also have a quick vote on whether Cliff Schaffer -- the largest publisher of the major drug policy research in history -- is qualified to edit Wikipedia articles? How say you all?

Thanks.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Wolfman97 15:58, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that the above web pages are strongly related to the article. However, they are also heavily commercial. I think links to non-commercial web sites with the same material would be preferable. However, if none exist, then using the links above should be just as acceptable as linking to material on other commercial websites, such as those of various news agencies. -- Moecazzell 06:18, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

"Intense abhorrence"
Anslinger must be unpopular with some Wiki-editor.
 * First, tell us what you don't know: While little is known about his private life or personal views,

 * Then, the editor avoids the word hate but says so in other words in the passive voice: there are examples in Anslinger's writings and behavior that justify today's intense abhorrence of his character.

If the reader wants to abhor his character, intensely, or moderately, we can let the reader read the article further. patsw 00:48, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Deletion of Gossip
I deleted what can only be gossip, as it is not sourced. The deleted section was a quote attributed to Anslinger about "darkies".

 * "Colored students at the Univ. of Minn. partying with female students (white), smoking [marijuana] and getting their sympathy with stories of racial persecution. Result pregnancy"[citation needed]

 * "Two Negros took a girl fourteen years old and kept her for two days under the influence of marijuana. Upon recovery she was found to be suffering from syphilis."[citation needed] —Preceding unsigned comment added by Okaythere (talk • contribs)

 * Those citations seem to come from James A. Inciardi's book The War on Drugs: Heroin, Cocaine, Crime, and Public Policy. Although I don't know anything about this Inciardi, I think those citations may be accurate. Steinberger (talk) 23:46, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Absolutely non-neutral POV article
I deleted the following line a few weeks ago because it is not sourced, but is clearly gossip:

During a conference for the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Anslinger was heard saying:

"Reefer makes darkies think they're as good as white men."

Since it's not sourced, and there's no evidence he ever said it than it doesn't deserve to be in an encyclopedia. So I'm deleting this piece of slanted, biased slander once again.

I also deleted a number of quotes attributed to Anslinger because once again none were sourced. There's no evidence that he ever said them. Okaythere 22:57, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Appears to be attributed to a quote from Harry Anslinger at a Federal Bureau of Narcotics conference in 1937. It probably appears in Jack Herer's book, but I'm guessing.  Another website claims that Anslinger said it in 1931, and cites Grinspoon's Marihuana Reconsidered.  Considering the racist arguments used to demonize Cannabis, and further evidence that Anslinger has made other racist arguments in favor of prohibition, if the source can be verified, the quote should be added back into the article with a clear description of its reliability.  —Viriditas | Talk 12:06, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

This quote came from Jack Herer's book. Jack did not have a cite for it. It does not appear in the transcripts of the 1937 conference. I know, because I am the one who hand-typed the transcripts to put them on the web, circa 1995. See the transcripts of the hearings for the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, and related papers I have talked with numerous historians on this quote and they all agree that it doesn't even sound like something Anslinger would say. Anslinger said a lot of stupid things, just not that particular stupid thing. 76.9.88.166 (talk) 03:03, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

More changes
I deleted the following lines:

" Currently, many firmly oppose Anslinger's legacy against marijuana, fueling decades of misinformation about the drug. Some contend that Harry J. Anslinger was really just a representative puppet for a thriving political belief. In other words, although it would appear that Anslinger was a conservative who truly believed marijuana to be a threat to the future of American civilization, his biographer maintained that he was an astute government bureaucrat who viewed the marijuana issue as a means for elevating himself to national prominence. "

The reasons for doing so are: 1. The POV in the first line is that there has been "decades of misinformation" about marijuana. Exactly what this misinformation consists of isn't discussed and isn't clear. It's an opinion inserted into an article. "Some contend" in the next sentence is meaningless. If it's to be neutral, then whatever anyone contends about Harry Anslinger should also be included. Since that's clearly not possible, having one negative opinion about him doesn't show a neutral point of view.

We're dealing with facts, not non-sourced editorial opinions.Okaythere 07:38, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It's poorly written and too wordy, but it is essentially historically accurate. The "decades of misinformation" about marijuana should be explained. —Viriditas | Talk 11:04, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The bureaucrat statement is important for NPOV (although it's true it wasn't written in the best way). This is because lots of people tend think that Anslinger personally hated cannabis and that motivated his crusade. On the other hand, that's not what his biographer asserts and it's important to note that he used the anti-cannabis sentiment to become a prominent political figure. I moved this statement (minus the "some contend.." sentence) out of the intro and into an appropriate subheading. --Howrealisreal 18:43, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Hollidaysburg Mercy Hospital
Can someone verify the existence of "Hollidaysburg Mercy Hospital", where the article says Anslinger diead? I've lived in Hollidaysburg for quite a while, and I've never heard of this hospital (it certainly doesn't exist today). There was a hospital in nearby Altoona named "Mercy Hospital" (later known as Bon-Secours), perhaps this is the hospital that Anslinger died at.Shanafme 12:25, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

"Answer to this person's question. I'm from Altoona and I was born at mercy hospital there. It is now closed but was on either 8th or 9th Ave off of 24street Altoona PA." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.167.250.124 (talk) 22:14, 6 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I have Anslinger's newspaper obituary from the Altoona Mirror, Altoona, PA., Nov. 15, 1975, p. 1, The first paragraph reads as follows: "Harry Jacob Anslinger, one of Blair County's most distinguished citizens, died at 1:05 p.m. Friday, Nov. 14, 1975, in Mercy Hospital. He was 83." 4.227.248.122 04:34, 7 September 2007 (UTC)Uncle Mike

 * It's definitely Altoona's Mercy Hospital then. As far as I know, Hollidaysburg itself never had a hospital.  Hospital services are provided by either Altoona Hospital or Bon-Secours (formerly Mercy).  I'll update the page.Shanafme 12:56, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Enforcement - First Federal Enforcement Agency
I would be interested in hearing facts on how Anslinger turned the FBN into a powerful enforcement agency. This article talks about his role with marijuana, but avoids mentioning the indirect role he played strengthen federal power and establishing a interstate and international enforcement agency, predating the FBI. --Rektide 22:43, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

His opponents has in later years claimed him for a lot of things
I am removing this paragraph. It is poorly written (poor English) and unrelated. The author of this paragraph implies that the included quote was made by opponents of Anslinger elsewhere on Wikipedia. However, it does not give reference to this alleged Wikipedia material. Nor does it show in what way the alleged opponents connected Anslinger to the Montana Standard's reporting.

Although Anslinger is mentioned many times in the referenced source material (Richard J. Bonnie & Charles H. Whitebread, "II:THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT AND THE TREE OF KNOWLEDGE: AN INQUIRY INTO THE LEGAL HISTORY OF AMERICAN MARIJUANA PROHIBITION"), I can find no relationship of the quote to Anslinger in that material.

Please do not reinstate this material without at least fixing the English and properly attributing the quote to the page on Wikipedia to which it allegedly refers.

The section removed follows:

His opponents has in later years claimed him for a lot of things in this process, also when it is very unlikely that he was involved. One example from Wikipedia:

 * "During the 1920s, an emerging movement of legislators, yellow journalists, and concerned citizens started pressing Washington for federal legislation against marijuana. A publication in the Montana Standard, on January 27, 1929, records progress on a bill in that state to amend the general narcotic law:"

 * "There was fun in the House Health Committee during the week when the marijuana bill came up for consideration. Marijuana is Mexican opium, a plant used by Mexicans and cultivated for sale by Indians. 'When some beet field peon takes a few rares of this stuff,' explained Dr. Fred Fulsher of Mineral County, 'he thinks he has just been elected president of Mexico so he starts to execute all his political enemies...' Everybody laughed and the bill was recommended for passage." (1)

Moecazzell 05:30, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

 * This whole article seems slightly biased in his favor, making remarks that go out of the way to defend his legacy, several of them completely unsourced. Agnapostate (talk) 21:28, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Reference to race appears to lack prior context
After the heading "Legal history of marijuana in the United States" there is a passage which includes, "Concern about marijuana was related primarily to the fear that marijuana use would spread, even among whites, as a substitute for the opiates."

The article doesn't explicitly mention any racial motivation or subtext to anti-marijuana efforts until later: "A common theme is that Anslinger was responsible for racist themes in articles, not written by Anslinger, against hemp in the 1930s..."

As the article currently stands, the phrase "even among whites" appears to be a non-sequitur. Perhaps other text had been removed, which (before being excised) would have made the earlier reference to race seem more relevant.drone5 (talk) 09:02, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

 * [The] reference to race [seem to be] copied from THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT AND THE TREE OF KNOWLEDGE: AN INQUIRY INTO THE LEGAL HISTORY OF AMERICAN MARIJUANA PROHIBITION, by Richard J. Bonnie & Charles H. Whitebread, II —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.212.182.166 (talk • contribs)

THE HANDIWORK OF A SEMILITERATE HACKER?
Although Harry J. Anslinger, from what I've read of him, appears to have been one of the more despicable figures in the United States' long and losing battle to dictate what chemical substances its inhabitants may or may not ingest, the following lines about him, in the first and sixth paragraphs, are way over the top, as well as unprofessional, and appear to be the handiwork of a semi-literate hacker. "He was . . . an outspoken racist and [sic] ruined many families [sic] lives. He used propoganda [sic] and lies to instill fear in people, similar to adolf hitler [sic] and stalin [sic].  He derserves [sic] nothing more than a life in the fiery depths of hell [sic] with the other monsters of history." "Anslinger gained notoriety early in his career for being a fucking punk ass racist."

END OF COMMENTS —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.7.87.177 (talk • contribs)

Illogical sourcing
"Today he is most remembered for his campaign against marijuana, but he spent much more time working against illegal trading of heroin, opium and cocaine[1]." Source 1 is from 1953. Anslinger held office to 1962, and continued working against whatever he worked against for two more years. 80.202.31.30 (talk) 18:32, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The statement seem to be true and even somewhat easy to verify with any book on the history drug policy or, probably, his obituary. But after checking. Yes, the source used was inadequate. Someone have probably taken the easy way and replaced a  with a random source with the hope that no one should notice. However, I think the statement in itself should stand. Steinberger (talk) 19:32, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Plagarism
This is taken almost verbatim from Jonathon Green's book Cannabis.

"Although it would appear that Anslinger was a conservative who truly believed marijuana to be a threat to the future of American civilization, his biographer maintained that he was an astute government bureaucrat who viewed the marijuana issue as a means for elevating himself to national prominence. The two positions are not necessarily incompatible."

It also gives an skewed view of the conservative philosophy. Conservatives are for less government (i.e. less regulation).

Furthermore Anslinger was appointed by a democrat (his political allegiance was most likely to that party).

Look at the context of when he was appointed - 1930's...Harry Truman and New Deal democrats. This is a period of time when the government expanded, and assumed new roles in regulation.

This is clearly a liberal (gov't does more) position.

Burnedfaceless (talk) 15:57, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I know Wikipedia is not a blog, but I can't let this slide. Only in recent times has the generic label "conservative" come to be identified with "libertarian" to the point of synonym.  It is both practically possible and philosophically consistent to be a social conservative and a government power-weilding bureaucrat, and also to be a social conservative, power-weilding bureaucrat in an accomodating wing of either major political party.

Snardbafulator (talk) 05:31, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Important Thoughts
"When did it become the governments right to decide what I (an american adult, perfectly in the right mind to make my own decisions) can and cannot possess, or put into my body? Whats next, no sex before sundown?" Christopher Stephen Haynes

He was a well spoken, highly motiveted, very convincing speaker. He was intelligent, a top notch bureacrat (haha, oxymoron) and a very influential man in his time. He was also incredibly racist. Does that remind you of any one? Dark hair. Little mustache. Swastika on his shoulder. I'm not suggesting he had anything to do with Hitler, but he did spend some time in Germany in the 1930's. He may have sympathized with the German populations racial mistrust. Coming back to America, he sure did preach against the other races, albeit not as directly as Hitler. His way was more subtle, telling scary stories about drugs, and associating them with minorities. Speaking of horrific, and often unsubstantiated murders and other atrocities perpetrated by blacks and hispanics. Telling tall tales about white people diven to rape and murder by smoking marijuana. These people were not driven to anything by marijuana, only their own desires. Just as Harry J Anslinger, was driven to outlaw marijuana. Did a little voice tell him weed was wack?

JOHN JACOB JINGLE HEIMER SCHMIDT

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Johann Hari - Chasing The Scream
This article as it reads today is massively POV in favour of Anslinger.

It needs updating with the carefully-sourced material in Johann Hari's book Chasing The Scream, including Ansligner's war on Billy Holiday, his racist remarks when drumming up anti-marijuana panic, his misrepresentation of the medical material about marijuana at the time, his misrepresentation of the axe-murderer case, his running out of doctors who were still allowed to prescribe marijuana, etc. Garth M (talk) 04:20, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

No evidence cited, no evidence I could find that Anslinger was a morphine addict
The first paragraph of the article states that Anslinger was a morphine addict. There are no other references to morphine use in the article, and the citations for the first paragraph do not mention it either. In a quick Google search, I could find no references saying Anslinger ever used morphine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.101.221.67 (talk) 19:08, 12 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Might be he used painkillers in his last years when he was of poor health, but I don't think that counts as an addiction. --Sus scrofa (talk) 20:51, 12 February 2016 (UTC)

Mrs. Harry J. Anslinger - Mellon connection?
Checking out claims that Anslinger married a niece of Andrew Mellon, longtime US Treasury Secretary:

I've confirmed that Anslinger’s wife was Martha Denniston Leet (1886-1961). Her first husband was Leet and she had a son with him named Joseph. Her grandparents were James and Martha Denniston of Hollidaysburg, PA “an old and highly respected family.” https://www.newspapers.com/image/55443642/?terms=%22martha%2Bdenniston%22 Mrs. Anslinger is called the "daughter of John Denniston, of Hollidaysburg” and mother of Joseph D. Leet here: https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/57656517/ in 1927 https://www.newspapers.com/image/57708575; https://www.newspapers.com/image/55442213

(John Denniston's grave is here: https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=74544806 and Martha’s https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=39974060 and Harry’s too in the same cemetery: https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=anslinger&GSiman=1&GScid=1640998&GRid=6382604&)

I looked at the Mellon family tree at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellon_family and see no Dennistons, or Marthas there.

Larry Slocum in Reefer Madness puts Denniston as a child of steel fortunes, and that checks out better, as Harry Alexander Laughlin (1838-1922), son of James Laughlin of Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., married an Alice B. Denniston on 9/10/1860. https://books.google.com/books?id=arAfWBsvO1gC&pg=PA834&lpg=PA834

Margaret Mellon (1901–1998), a grandniece of Andrew’s, was married to an Alexander Laughlin Jr. on 6/21/1924 and had a son with him (probably Alexander Mellon Laughlin) https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19981112&id=0IwNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rG8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,802034; http://old.post-gazette.com/downloads/20070701Mellon_tree_fix.pdf; (there was an Alexander Mellon Laughlin Jr. http://easthamptonstar.com/obituaries/2016609/alexander-laughlin-jr). Andrew Mellon was at their wedding, as was Miss Alice Denniston Laughlin, a daughter of James Laughlin & Alice Denniston. https://www.newspapers.com/image/88486763

Margaret’s obituary https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19981112&id=0IwNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rG8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,802034 says her husband was the grandson of the founder of the Central Tube Co. in Ambridge. According to one account, that Alexander Laughlin was not directly descended from the Laughlin who married a Dennison; rather he was the son of another Alexander Laughlin who was born in 1866 in Wheeling, WVA. http://www.sewickleyhistory.org/index.php/contact-us/9-uncategorised/85-who-were-the-laughlins.

So Anslinger probably married into a swanky set with some connections to the Mellons, but nothing direct. The fact that both Andrew Mellon and a Denniston were at the wedding of Margaret Mellon and Alexander Laughlin connects the families.

UPDATE 9/14/17 - I heard back from researcher Doug McVay who writes: Thomas Mellon, Andrew's father, married Sarah Jane Negley (b. 1817) in 1843. Union Trust was established by Thomas's son Andrew W. Mellon in 1889. Samuel Philip Gerst was an assistant treasurer at Union Trust, worked there 43 years. Gerst's sister Sarah Margaret (b. 1874) married Edward C. Negley. Martha Kind Denniston Leet Anslinger's mother was Florence Gerst (b. 1861). You can find all that in a couple of hours via google. I've seen "cousin" and "relative" used to describe the relationship between Martha Denniston and Andrew Mellon. My guess without looking is that it's likely to be something like a second or third cousin once or twice removed.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by VIPelle (talk • contribs) 06:18, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

Anslinger's wife, Margaret, was distantly related to Andrew William Mellon by the marriage of her aunt and her uncle into the Negley family.

Margaret's aunt, Sarah Gerst (1872-1954), married Edward Cox Negley (1874-1942). Edward Cox Negley was the great-grandson of John Jacob Negley.

Margaret's uncle, Eugene Gerst (1864-1942), married Kate Edna Negley (1871-1940). Kate Edna Negley was the great-granddaughter of John Jacob Negley.

In other words, Margaret's aunt and uncle married Negley cousins.

Those Negley cousins were cousins (one generation removed) of Andrew William Mellon. Mellon was the son of Sarah Negley (1817-1909), and the grandson of John Jacob Negley. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carolyn E Miller (talk • contribs) 17:19, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

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Billie Holiday and Strange Fruit
One night, in 1939, Billie Holiday stood on stage in New York City and sang Strange Fruit and was instructed to stop singing the same song; it was provocation of Holiday's self-defence, to justify the existence and budget of Anslinger's Federal Bureau of Narcotics. The sentence above is barely coherent and is currently in the article. Nevertheless I think its underlying point (i.e., in some way and for some reason Anslinger tried to prevent Holiday from singing Strange Fruit, to which she reacted defiantly) is probably true. Somebody with ready access to Chasing the Scream should probably figure out what the source says about this and update the sentence. If I get a chance to read the book, I will do it, but for now that sentence is still in the article and it is not understandable. --Vadder (talk) 19:36, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

Just came here to say the same thing. I am entirely baffled by the sentence. I think it should likely come out if no one is able to fix it. Kcatmull (talk) 14:09, 20 July 2019 (UTC)
 * It could probably be better or secondarily sourced here: https://www.npr.org/2019/08/22/753493982/looking-back-at-jazz-singer-billie-holidays-influence-on-american-music 6YearsTillRetirement (talk) 04:39, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

Henry Anslinger was widely known as an 'extreme racist
Why not emphasis right up front that Henry Anslinger was an 'extreme racist in the 1920s

https://www.biography.com/news/billie-holiday-narcotics-us-government Kali20805 (talk) 16:19, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harry J. Anslinger


text:
Edwin Ward Moore

Edwin Ward Moore (July 15, 1810 – October 5, 1865), was an American naval officer who also served as commander-in-chief of the Navy of the Republic of Texas.

Early life
Moore was born in Alexandria, Virginia. His grandfather and uncle had served in the American Revolution. Moore was a classmate of Robert E. Lee's at the Alexandria Academy.

Early naval career
Moore entered the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1825 at the age of 15.

His first assignment came when he was posted to the USS Hornet, followed by stints on the Fairchild and the Delaware. He saw active service on the Atlantic Coast and the Mediterranean Sea. In 1830, Moore was stationed at the Gosport Navy Yard, and five years later was commissioned a lieutenant and assigned to the sloop-of-war Boston on July 1, 1836. While serving on the Boston, Moore saved the ship from sinking when it encountered heavy seas in a hurricane.

In September 1836, the Boston captured the Texas privateer Terrible off the coast of New Orleans. The Texas ship was sent to Pensacola, Florida, on piracy charges. This contact with the Texans is believed to have prompted Moore to re-evaluate his military career. Promotion within the U.S. Navy at this time was a slow process, as many of the officers who served in the War of 1812 still held rank above Moore.

Moore's journey to and with the Republic's Navy
In 1839, Moore was accused of recruiting officers and up to 80 sailors from the Boston to join him in enlisting with the Republic of Texas Navy. Moore's cousin, Alexander Moore, confirmed this rumor to Commodore Charles Ridgley, who forwarded the charges to the Secretary of the Navy. On July 8, 1839, Moore resigned from the U.S. Navy to become commander of the Republic of Texas Navy.

U.S. Secretary of the Navy, John Forsyth, tried to bring charges against Moore based on his violation of the Neutrality Act of 1819, but Moore resigned his commission before any trial was held.

From 1840–1841, he sailed off the Mexican coast to hasten peace negotiations between the Republic of Texas and Mexico. On collapse of the negotiations, Moore returned to Texas and to the support of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar. Lamar signed a treaty with the Mexican state of Yucatán for the lease the Texas navy for $8,000 per month and to protect their ports from being blockaded by the Mexican Navy. On September 18, 1840, Moore received orders to guard the Yucatán coast in conformity with the Texas-Yucatán Treaty and on December 13, 1840, left Galveston, Texas, with three ships to join the small Yucatán fleet at Sisal, Yucatán, under the command of former Texas Navy officer Captain James D. Boylan. Moore later captured the town of San Juan Bautista, Tabasco, and then surveyed the Texas coast. His chart was later published by the British Admiralty.

Invasion of Tabasco
In September 1840, Moore invaded the Mexican state of Tabasco in support to the Tabasco federalist forces, collaborating in the overthrow of the centralist governor José Ignacio Gutierrez, capturing the state capital San Juan Bautista on November 17, 1840.

Subsequently, and due to a disagreement with the new federalist government, for the lack of a payment of $25,000 Mexican pesos promised to Moore, on December 14, 1840, he bombarded the capital again, until he reached a new agreement with the government of Tabasco for the payment of the debt.

President Sam Houston
Upon becoming President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston suspended the treaty with the Yucatán and ordered the fleet to return to Texas. Houston was not a big supporter of the Texas Navy. When funds for naval repairs, approved by the Texas Congress, were withheld by Houston, Moore reinstated the treaty with the Yucatán in defiance of Houston's orders. Moore and two other Texas ships, along with a few from the Yucatán navy, engaged the Mexican fleet in May 1843 in the Battle of Campeche. Mexico's naval fleet consisted of the British-built ironclad steam-powered warship the Guadalupe and was the most advanced fleet ever assembled in the Gulf of Mexico at that time. Their battle was determined a draw, though Mexico suffered high casualties. The Mexican government even coined a medal of bravery for their sailors. Mexican Commodore Francisco de Paula Lopez, a naval veteran, was recalled for his failure to defeat a smaller and out-gunned force, and was court-martialed.

End of career
On January 16, 1843, the Texas Congress ordered the sale of the Texas fleet. On June 1, 1843, Moore and the fleet had received Houston's proclamation accusing them of disobedience and piracy and suspending Moore from the Texas Navy. Houston even went so far as to ask for any friendly nation to capture and execute the Texas fleet. Moore returned to Galveston on July 14, and turned himself in at the port of Menard's Wharf, a hero to the people of Texas, and demanded a trial.

Later years
After the dissolution of the Texas Navy, Moore spent many years in prosecuting financial claims against Texas. In 1844, the Texas House of Representatives concluded that Moore was owed $26,510.41. He was paid, in installments, with the last payment coming in 1856. Moore married Emma Matilda Stockton Cox of Philadelphia in 1849. She was a distant cousin of Commodore Robert Stockton.

In 1850, Moore and other officers petitioned the U.S. Navy to recognize their rank as officers with the Texas Navy. The House Naval Affairs Committee supported their claim, but the United States Supreme Court did not agree, holding that when Texas joined the Union, only property, and not human beings, belonged to the United States. On March 3, 1857, Congress finally closed the books on Moore and the other officers by granting them five years of back pay at the salaries of corresponding U.S. Navy officers.

He was in New York City for a time attempting to perfect a machine to revolutionize marine engineering. His quarrel with Sam Houston over the justice of his suspension from the navy continued during Houston's term as U.S. Senator.

In 1860, Moore returned to Galveston, where he built the Galveston Customhouse. Moore died in New York City on October 5, 1865, of apoplexy, and is buried in the Ivy Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Memorials

 * Moore County in the Texas Panhandle is named for him. An exhibit honoring Moore is at the Window on the Plains Museum in Dumas, the county seat of Moore County.

title: Edwin Ward Moore


text:
Talk:Hydrolysis

hydrolyzed/hydrolyze versus hydrolysed/hydrolyse
I noticed both forms are used in this article. Hydrolysis is the cutting of water molecules in chemical reactions.71.52.155.188 (talk) 20:50, 12 October 2015 (UTC) I just thought I would point it out as I'm not sure which is correct. I could only find hydrolyze in Webster's dictionary (U.S. English, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hydrolyze), but both forms are found in the Oxford English Dictionary (U.K. English, http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/hydrolyse?view=uk), although hydrolyse seems to be the primary form with hydrolyze listed as a variant in the latter. Whatever is decided, presumably it would be better to consistently use one form. Jkwan (talk) 16:23, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

 * You're right, Jkwan. I believe "hydrolyze" is the American form.  WP:ENGVAR suggests we stick with the spelling used by the first major contributor to the article, but this article's early contributors cunningly never used the verbs .  So I suggest we make things as easy as we can for people who have English as their second language by going with "hydrolyse", given that "hydrolysis" is never spelled with a z.  A short note about spelling differences could be included in the lead, as at Mold.  Any objections? Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 02:49, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Alternatively, the entire article could be reworded to avoid the verbs, as an IP just did . Sounds forced in parts though. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 12:27, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Not feasible to remove "hydrolyse" altogether. It is an integral part of the concept of "hydrolysis". "Hydrolyse" is an English spelling. In school we tend to use that but otherwise (as on Wikipedia) American spellings are given more importance. I motion we use "hydrolyse" entirely. You're right Adrian J. Hunter, since it is in "hydrolysis". Neeya The Great (talk) 10:05, 22 May 2011 (UTC)Neeya The Great

hydrolysis of cellulose
I'd like some info about the hydrolysis of cellulose ;) and some about hydrochloric acid hydrolysing disaccharides into constituent monosaccharides —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.13.205.237 (talk) 11:29, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

use language, not formulas
This article should include historical narration of who first discovered hydrolysis. What were they trying to achieve that day (Was there some secondary issue which was on their agenda that day?) When was hydrogen first isolated as a substance and by who? why was that person embarked on his agenda that day? What does the machinery look like which does hydrolysis today? What are the contours and interactions of it's chambers? In what kinds of organizations and businesses in our country is this machinery found? What is this vision that our leaders have for hydrogen based technology in the future of our society? What are the specific hurdles which need to be mulled? What kinds of changes to our way of life would occur that day?

In general, context for all manner of ideas and subject matter is exceedingly vital.

My mother was an editor of a medical journal when I was growing up, and I was so astonished at all the speculation which desired to pass itself off as science. This is a different issue altogether, but the reason that scientists are able to speak in terms the common man cannot understand, is that they aren't accountable to anybody who can't understand the symbols they're using to describe their ideas.

All these letters and numbers in the formulas are symbolic and representative of other things... And if one is communicating with the general public, it would be wise to communicate with symbols that they understand.

There's a place for mathematics in the hard sciences, just as there is in the field of engineering... In fact, mathematics was designed to be a way to communicate about ratios and methodology... But there also ought to be people who will explain these guild issues in a language and with words which the common ear can comprehend. Communication, by definition, is only achieved if the person who speaks or writes uses symbols which the person who reads can understand.

I remember my college science classes - I see how students learn to mime to each other in these symbols which they don't understand necessarily... they graduate from college without ever really fully grasping the base level ideas behind all the mumbo jumbo.

For instance, a journalist is being irresponsible when he speaks of the events in current day Iraq, or Afghanistan without putting the whole thing into a historical context...

A scientist also needs to be able to put his thoughts into context as he presents his ideas. Historical, cultural, physical, technological applications, future vision, etcetera. Rainbird 21:57, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * These are good points, this article needs a lot of work, including some more general information and some simpler material. The article also lacks breadth.  If you look at the history, it began as a very technical & very narrow article.  Once we get it to be a full-length article that material will look more reasonable, but at this point it looks poor.   Please help us out as you can, and the chemistry WikiProject also has this article as one of its targets for improvement (over the next year or two).  Thanks for the suggestions, they will help.  Walkerma 17:33, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

ATP
Can someone briefly illustrate the hydrolysis of ATP? It the Lactic Acid article it states that H+ ion release during ATP hydrolysis is primarily responsible for the 'burn' felt during exercise. Can someone confirm this and elaborate?

diagram wrong
the quote :"For example, aluminium chloride undergoes extensive hydrolysis in water, such that the pH of the solution become quite acidic:" does not tally with the diagram shown which is NOT of Aluminium Chloride

ATP is "Atmospheric pressure, temperature" standard terminology used for explaining chemical reaction at room temperature and 1 atmospheric pressure"

 * Are you sure they are not referring to Adenosine TriPhosphate and its breakdown during metabolism?208.254.130.235 (talk) 13:18, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Too strict definition
The current introduction to the article reads "Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a molecule is split into two parts by reacting with a molecule of water, which has the chemical formula H2O. One of the parts gets an OH- from the water molecule and the other part gets an H+ from the water." This seems to me like a rather strict definition. Can someone confirm if this is right? Maybe add some sources? Is it not hydrolysis if the compound si split into three parts? Does it have to react with only one molecule of water? --Tunheim 08:37, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The def. given here (http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hydrolysis ) is not that strict.... --Tunheim 08:38, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Nuclear
I notice specific definitions of hydrolysis within organic, inorganic, bio-, and electro- chemistries in this article, but I was wondering if nuclear should be included because I believe many years ago an electrolysis experiment involving either D2O or T2O was perform for “cold fusion”. Since they are an isotope of hydrogen, would this fall into a nuclear category of hydrolysis even if cold fusion doesn’t exist? Is it even hydrolysis? Is it just another form of electrochemistry? Or, am I way off-base? Lawrenceallie (talk) 02:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Regarding this: Much money was put into a research project involving fusion of water by electrolytic methods. It was crockery. The "scientist" were basing an assumption off the nernst equation. They had the the idea that with enough current the T would exceed Tcrit etc. (dont use models you dont understand i believe is the take home point here.)

-a physical chemist — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.227.134.124 (talk) 16:25, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Irreversibility of hydrolysis under physiological conditions
Can someone give a reason why the numbers quoted here are reasonable, and hence lead to a fairly universal result? For example, why k = 1 molar? 24.205.133.191 (talk) 20:56, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

WRONG REDIRECT
Hydrosis is NOT hydrolysis. What a joke. Hydrosis is when you sweat. Hydrolysis is when you break down by water. 98.176.12.43 (talk) 17:34, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

Cationic, Anionic and Cationic-Anionic Not Thoroughly Explained
I feel, as a student, when we start to laern about something we should be using the easiest examples first. Yet here, I find everyone jumping off to polysaccharides, amines, and complexes! Shouldn't we devote a little more of the article to actually explaining Anionic, Cationic and Anionic-Cationic Hydrolyses? As they form a more important part in both Physical as well as Inorganic chemistry. What we're focusing on here currently is a very Organic based approach to an inherently Physical concept. So maybe we should start with simpler reactions used more generally such as - A+ + H2O ↔ AOH + H+ (Cationic Hydrolysis) Or what we term as Acid-Base reactions ... involving WASB, WBSA, WBWA, SASB... And give their mechanisms as well as proofs to calculate pH and kh ...? Neeya The Great (talk) 10:17, 22 May 2011 (UTC)Neeya The Great

First line inadequate
The first line of a lemma IMHO should define a concise, self-contained definition. While hydrolysis may eventually involve the split of water into ions, that is not the essence of hydrolysis. The first line udner "Types" is a better defintion. Rbakels (talk) 10:14, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Just plain wrong
1) Bonds do not rupture. They may, however, "cleave" or “break” in a few ways In all my years of chemistry I have never seen a bond rupture. I cannot even figure out what that process would look like.
 * you may cleave a bond adiabatically or diabatically (typically only a concern for quantum statisticians)
 * Bonds may cleave homolytically or heterolytically indicating whether open or closed shell species are formed.

2)The bonds do not cleave due to addition of water. The explanation here could be misinterpreted as a description of other processes. E.g. solvation of solids.

3) “Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water molecule adds to a substance” Hydrolysis is the lewis acid/base or bronsted lowry acid/base reaction which takes place between a water molecule and a reactant molecule (or atom/ion) causing the dissociation of the water molecule into H+ and OH- and subsequent association with the reactant molecule/s (or atom/ion). The diagram for the amid looks like it depicts this event fairly well! If this reaction occurs with salts in aqueous solution, a change in pH shall be observed.
 * nope (this VERY poor generalization)

4) Hydrolysis is the lewis acid/base or bronsted lowry acid/base reaction which takes place between a water molecule and a reactant molecule causing the dissociation of the water molecule into H+ and OH- As stated above.

Well. That’s a critique of the first 4 sentences. If you are a chem student trying to understand this for a test or an individual interested in the sciences, read this with extreme caution and take it with a grain of salt.

128.227.79.188 (talk) 16:59, 21 June 2012 (UTC) warren
 * Ah, the fleeting joy of smugness... Wikipedia is imperfect to be sure, and one would be naive to rely on it.  It is composed by distracted or dottering professionals as well as kids practicing their their hobby.  Wikipedia also provides a sounding board for snotty folks who point out our collective fallability.  Eventually the kids and the old losers get their acts together and upgrade the articles in response to remarks such as yours.  Here is a starting point from IUPAC.
 * IUPAC http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02902.html for "hydrolysis": Solvolysis by water.
 * IUPAC http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05762.html for "solvolysis": Generally, reaction with a solvent, or with a lyonium ion or lyate ion involving the rupture of one or more bonds in the reacting solute. More specifically the term is used for substitution elimination and fragmentation reactions in which a solvent species is the nucleophile ('alcoholysis' if the solvent is an alcohol, etc.). --Smokefoot (talk) 17:42, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Bond rupture is now even a redirect! V8rik (talk) 21:14, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

OK, now I'm confused
I could swear that when I was at school, the production of hydrogen (and oxygen) from water was called Hydrolysis.

The internet and certainly wikipedia isn't backing me up on this, though.

Assuming I haven't fallen through a wormhole into a universe where that process simply doesn't exist, what the heck is the actual (or modern?) term for that, then? 193.63.174.211 (talk) 14:12, 19 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Electrolysis of water V8rik (talk) 17:46, 19 February 2013 (UTC)
 * That "The electrolysis of water (water splitting) is sometimes referred to as hydrolysis." line could really use a citation. Never seen used it in that sense in any paper and/or textbook. 92.146.224.208 (talk) 18:45, 22 July 2019 (UTC)

Is this article mixing two different subjects that have the same name?
It seems to me that the hydrolysis of a polysacharide is barely the same subject as the hydrolysis that occurs with metal aqua ions. If these two types of hydrolysis are to be in the same article I think that the intro needs to make it clearer all the things that the word (and article) "hydrolysis" encompases. I am learning this subject myself, and do not yet understand it well enough to make suggested changes myself. ike9898 (talk) 15:13, 30 September 2015 (UTC)

Hydrolysis of bi-salts
I was wondering what  would happen if we hydrolyse NaHSO4  or NaHCO3.... The fact that  these are  bi-salts  or acid salts-- does it affect the pH of resultant solution. .... like Na2SO4 solution is neutral. .... will NaHSO4 solution be slightly acidic? I think such a section should be added to  the  page...... ND properly answered Fractal sam (talk) 14:58, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:34, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Dependency on amylase
This article is completely unclear about how much saccharification is dependant on amylases. Can an expert elaborate on this facet? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:680:C702:78F0:F9D3:D337:93AC:98E6 (talk) 21:58, 21 October 2019 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose to merge alkaline hydrolysis and acidic hydrolysis into this article. Reasons: --Smokefoot (talk) 17:47, 28 January 2024 (UTC)
 * the main ways that hydrolysis is effected are base- and acid-catalyzed, so the two daughter articles are central to the parent article.
 * the two daughter articles are thin and unsubstantial
 * we need one good article (vs none) on this very central concept.
 * Support merging the articles per nom. No need for multiple articles here, a larger, more cohesive single article is better. Mdewman6 (talk) 01:13, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hydrolysis


text: User talk:68.95.126.4

title: User talk:68.95.126.4


text:
Jonha Falls

The Jonha Falls (also called Gautamdhara Falls) is a waterfall located in Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The best way to reach water fall without using 722 steps of stairs through Jonha Fall Resort Road. You can see beautiful and natural scenes surrounded by Forest, Mountain and Rivers.

Location
Jonha Falls is located at 23.34167°N, 85.60833°W

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. Jonha Fall can be seen without using 722 steps  of stairs via Jonha Fall Resort.

The falls
Situated at an edge of the Ranchi plateau, the Jonha Falls is an example of a hanging valley falls. The Gunga River hangs over its master stream, Radu River and forms the falls. One has to descend 722 steps to admire the surroundings. Water in the falls drops from a height of 43 m.

The Jonha Falls is an example of a nick point caused by rejuvenation. Knick point, also called a nick point or simply nick, represents breaks in slopes in the longitudinal profile of a river caused by rejuvenation. The break in channel gradient allows water to fall vertically giving rise to a waterfall.

Culture
There is a tourist rest house which encloses a Buddhist shrine with a deity of Lord Gautama Buddha. A temple and an ashram dedicated to Buddha was built atop Gautam Pahar by the sons of Baldeo Das Birla. A fair is organized in Jonha every Tuesday and Saturday.

Many remains of Buddhism are present in Jonha Falls, situated on Gautam Hill, 38 km away from the capital Ranchi. There is an ancient temple of Lord Gautam Buddha on the hill of Jonha Falls. This temple was built hundreds of years ago by Raja Baldev Das Birla.

Transport
The Jonha Falls is 40 km from Ranchi. It is approachable by both road and train. Jonha Station is just 1.5 km from the fall. For travel by road, one has to take the Ranchi-Purulia Road and after travelling for about 20 mi one has to travel about 3 mi off the main road.

title: Jonha Falls


text: User talk:64.169.162.11

title: User talk:64.169.162.11


text:
Patrick Henry College

Patrick Henry College (PHC) is a private liberal arts non-denominational conservative Protestant Christian college located in Purcellville, Virginia. Its departments teach classical liberal arts, government, strategic intelligence in national security, economics and business analytics, history, journalism, environmental science and stewardship, and literature. The university has full accreditation from the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS-COC) as of 2022. Patrick Henry College continues to be accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), which is also recognized as an institutional accreditor by the United States Department of Education. Its graduation rate is 67%.

History
Patrick Henry College was incorporated in 1998 by Michael Farris, who is also the founder and chairman of the board of the Home School Legal Defense Association, with which PHC is still closely connected. It officially opened September 20, 2000, with a class of 92 students. The college eschews federal financial aid and is therefore relieved from United States Department of Education requirements on demographic makeup and other quotas. The school does not ask about race or ethnicity on applications.

PHC receives all of its funding from tuition fees and donations. The college states that it does not accept any money from sources that seek to supersede the authority of its Board of Trustees or conflict with its foundational statements. PHC adds new facilities and programs only as funds are available.

PHC is a member of the advisory board of Project 2025, a collection of conservative and right-wing policy proposals from the Heritage Foundation to reshape the United States federal government and consolidate executive power should the Republican nominee win the 2024 presidential election.

Accreditation
Patrick Henry College received accreditation in 2007 from the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, a national accrediting organization for Christian colleges, universities, and seminaries created by the Institute for Creation Research. In June 2021, the college received Candidacy status from The Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS-COC). As of June 2022, the school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The college had previously been denied accreditation by the American Academy for Liberal Education in 2002 because creationism was part of the curriculum. On June 30, 2005, the school was officially recognized by the United States Department of Education (ED) as an institution eligible for ED programs. It also allowed students to use more scholarships and grants and made donors and students eligible for various tax benefits. In 2012, the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools reaffirmed Patrick Henry College's accreditation for a period of ten years.

Religious affirmations
Students must sign a "Statement of Faith" before they enroll, affirming belief in what the college considers core Christian doctrines. For example, students are asked to acknowledge "Satan exists as a personal, malevolent being who acts as tempter and accuser, for whom Hell, the place of eternal punishment, was prepared, where all who die outside of Christ shall be confined in conscious torment for eternity. [...] Man is by nature sinful and is inherently in need of salvation, which is exclusively found by faith alone in Jesus Christ and His shed blood. [...] Christ's death provides substitutionary atonement for our sins." The college professes non-denominational Christian beliefs, informed by Evangelical Protestantism.

Teaching faculty must also sign the Statement of Faith and a more detailed Statement of Biblical Worldview, which represents the college's requirements for what should be taught. For example, the Biblical Worldview Applications states, "Any biology, Bible, or other courses at PHC dealing with creation will teach creation from the understanding of Scripture that God's creative work, as described in Genesis 1:1–31, was completed in six twenty-four-hour days."

In 2006, PHC founder Farris commented that the college held the view that its faith was the only true faith ("we believe that there is truth and there is error") and expressed disapproval of religious and social toleration. "Tolerance cannot coexist with liberty" because "the crowd of tolerance wants to ban speech."

PHC does not receive federal funding: "In order to safeguard our distinctly Christian worldview, we do not accept or participate in government funding." In consequence, PHC is not required to follow federal guidelines, like most other institutions, concerning sex-based and other forms of discrimination.

Campus
Patrick Henry College is located in the town of Purcellville in rural northern Virginia, approximately 40 mi northwest of Washington, D.C. The campus currently consists of seven buildings arranged around a retention pond popularly called "Lake Bob", as well as several athletic fields. The oldest structure, Founders Hall, opened in 2000 and contains three classrooms, the college library, and various administrative and faculty offices. It is also home to the offices of the Home School Legal Defense Association. Hanna Rosin, author of God's Harvard, described the campus as "tiny, less like an Ivy League college than like a Hollywood set of an old Ivy League school." The buildings are of Colonial Revival architecture. The artwork in Founders Hall consists of copies of portraits of the Founding Fathers placed along a staircase, leading to a picture of Patrick Henry at the second Virginia convention which features a light from heaven guiding Henry's speech. The artwork is designed to, in the words of Hanna Rosin, "remind the students that America was founded as a Christian nation."

The school's residential village is composed of five residence halls located along the edges of the lake. There are two men's and three women's dormitories. The four smaller dormitories opened in 2001, while the largest residence hall, Red Hill, opened in 2003. Located in the basement of Mount Vernon is an auditorium referred to as Town Hall, where the school's daily chapel sessions and other special events are held. The residence halls are set up in an arc shape around the lake.

Barbara Hodel Student Center
In August 2009 the college opened a 106000 sqft student life center, which significantly expanded dining, classroom, recreational, and athletic facilities. Approximately 1,000 people attended the dedication ceremony featuring evangelical leader James Dobson of Focus on the Family as keynote speaker.

Governance
The college's founder, Mike Farris, announced his resignation as president of the college on March 6, 2006, to become chancellor. Graham Walker served as the second president of the college from 2006 to 2014. The editor of World, Gene Edward Veith, served as Interim President.

Jack Haye was made third President of Patrick Henry College in 2015. He was a banker for thirty years.

Academics
Students at the college can choose their major from within seven fields of study. The Government Department offers majors in Government, Journalism, Economics & Business Analytics, and Strategic Intelligence in National Security. The Government major provides an option to specialize in American Politics and Policy, International Politics and Policy, Political Theory, Strategic Intelligence, or a General Government track. The Classical Liberal Arts Department offer degrees in Classical Liberal Arts, History, and Literature and Minors in Biblical Studies, Classics, History, Journalism, Music, and Philosophy.

On January 24, 2007, the school successfully completed an on-site review by a TRACS assessment team, and was granted full accreditation in April.

Faculty
In 2024, PHC's website listed twenty full-time professors, of which eighteen held terminal degrees in their field. As of 2023, PHC also listed twenty-seven part-time faculty, all of whom have received a master's degree or higher. Chancellor Emeritus Mike Farris has a J.D., has authored several novels and critiques of constitutional law, and has argued numerous cases before federal and state high courts, as well as the United States Supreme Court. In addition to serving as Chancellor Emeritus of Patrick Henry College, he is also chairman and General Counsel of the Home School Legal Defense Association. in 2017, Michael P. Farris accepted a position at Alliance Defending Freedom where he is currently the president and CEO.

2006 academic freedom dispute
In 2005, a library clerk was asked to resign for promoting the idea that baptism is essential for salvation, considered a violation of the Statement of Faith. Further, in March 2006, five of the college's sixteen faculty members—Erik Root, Robert Stacey, Kevin Culberson, Todd Bates, and David Noe—resigned in protest, saying that the president's interpretation of the Biblical Worldview Policy conflicted with their views on academic freedom.

The resignations led to a discussion about the practical implementation of a strong liberal arts education along with conservative biblical beliefs and what a balanced discussion between the two might look like. David C. Noe, an assistant professor of Classics at PHC, departed after disagreements on how non-Christian authors should be viewed and valued when compared to Biblical texts. He found PHC's application of its statement of faith incompatible with his personal view of Christianity.

Moot court
Since 2001, PHC's moot court program has reached the final round in 18 out of 22 years and won 12 times in the American Moot Court Association National Competition. In 2016, the team won the Nelson Mandela World Human Rights Moot Court Competition. Until 2022, the program held the number one position in the American Moot Court Association's official rankings. While the program did not reach the final round in 2021 and 2022 (ceding its top ranking to the University of Chicago), in 2023 it reclaimed its top ranking.

In 2019, Dean of Academic Affairs, Pre-Law Advisory, and the college's Moot Court and Mock Trial coach, Frank Guliuzza, died after coaching the Moot Court team through 8 of its 11 championship titles.

Mock Trial
PHC fields a mock trial team in the American Mock Trial Association. In the 2021-2022 season, PHC advanced two teams to the National Championship Tournament. PHC A came 4th place in its division, while PHC B earned an Honorable Mention as the 11th place in its division. As of the 2022-2023 season, PHC is the only college in the nation to have two teams within the top 20 teams in AMTA's Team Power Rankings, with PHC A at #6 and PHC B at #16, respectively. This is a repeat achievement by PHC has repeated this feat; in the prior 2021-2022 season, PHC A sat at #3, with PHC B at #20.

In 2022, PHC graduate Benjamin Crosby won the UCLA Law & Drexel Law's Trial By Combat competition, a one-on-one competition hosted for outstanding competitors in AMTA. With his victory, PHC became the fifth school to field a Trial by Combat champion, along with NYU, the University of Cincinnati, Duke University, and the University of California, Los Angeles.

Civic Debate
In 2021, 52 students represented PHC in civic debate, nearly two-thirds of them being freshmen or sophomores. PHC participated in a mix of virtual and in-person events. At the 2021 Lafayette Debates National Championship hosted jointly by George Washington University and France's École de guerre-Terre, PHC students won 1st and 2nd place. In the spring 2022 NATO Summit, which included masters' level students and undergraduates, PHC students achieved 2nd through 5th places. At the General Welfare debates, PHC students achieved 1st through 3rd place. These resulted in possible internship offers to several students from the distinguished event judges. Recently, PHC students outperformed Ivy League universities, including Harvard and Yale, to win the European Union Delegation's 2023 Schuman Challenge.

Pre-Law Advising
PHC's LSAT scores rank among the best in the United States. In both 2019 and 2020, PHC students (including both alumnni and current students) earned an average of 167.6 on the Law School Admission Test. In 2021, graduating seniors averaged 171, and all PHC students taking the LSAT (including alumni) averaged 170.6. These results are in the 98th percentile.

Student life
PHC has many rules of behavior typical of conservative, religious colleges. Students may not have sex outside of marriage, or use alcohol or tobacco while under the authority of the college, which is defined as any time during a semester while enrolled, on or off campus. Men and women are not allowed in each other's dorm rooms except during open dorm days, and underclassmen are subject to a curfew. Firearms are prohibited on campus. The college has a number of traditions rooted in dorm life, including "bobtisms" — a portmanteau of Baptism and "Lake Bob", in which newly engaged males are dunked.

In the 2000s, Hanna Rosin, author of God's Harvard, said that "never would you find a group of better-behaved teenagers than on the campus of Patrick Henry." During that period, many Patrick Henry students made fun of Bob Jones University, which Rosin described as having "the gold standard of vice patrol." Rosin commented that "by most people's standards," Patrick Henry "was not far behind" Bob Jones.

Civic involvement
Students are involved in the community, and PHC requires its Government students to fulfill up to 24 credits of apprenticeship projects, which include internships, research and writing projects, and extracurricular activities such as moot court, Model United Nations, and Mock Trial. Students currently serve as interns in a wide variety of political organizations, such as the White House, a variety of government agencies, congressional offices and think-tanks. Students are active in local and national politics, and members of the Patrick Henry College Republicans chapter often work with local political action groups to lobby for conservative issues at the federal and state levels. Classes are canceled the day of the national elections and the day before, so that students may volunteer on political campaigns; and many students act as Student Action Team leaders for Generation Joshua, leading groups of usually homeschooled high school students volunteering on campaigns across the United States.

Athletics
Patrick Henry College competes as the Sentinels, fielding teams in men's and women's intercollegiate soccer and basketball, and is a member of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA).

Mascot
Patrick Henry College's mascot is Cincinnatus the eagle. The college held a contest during the 2011-2012 school year to choose a mascot, and he was selected as the winner. The creator of the mascot was Benedict Ciavolella, who was a freshman at the time. However, he credits classmate Josiah Duran for coming up with the name, after the Roman statesman.

Sexual assault controversy
Multiple female students and alumni have accused the college administration of blaming them for sexual assaults that occurred during their enrollment at Patrick Henry College. In 2020, PHC dropout and former part-time janitor and U.S. Representative Madison Cawthorn was accused by over 150 college alumni of engaging in "sexually predatory behavior" toward other students during his time on campus.

LGBT discrimination
On April 12, 2007, LGBT rights group Soulforce selected PHC as one of the targets of its annual "Equality Ride" to protest the stance of conservative Christian colleges concerning homosexuality. Patrick Henry College officials did not allow Soulforce to enter the university premises but did suggest that student representatives engage in a formal debate at a neutral location on the merits of the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment to the US Constitution. Soulforce organizers declined this suggestion and notified the college of their intent to enter the campus. After being refused entry, Soulforce protesters formed a picket line outside of the campus entrance and protested for approximately five hours.

Notable alumni

 * James Barta, 2010, Indiana Solicitor General
 * Madison Cawthorn, Republican politician and former representative of North Carolina's 11th congressional district (did not graduate, withdrew amid accusations of "sexually predatory behavior").
 * Alyssa Farah Griffin, 2011, co-host of The View and Former White House Director of Strategic Communications
 * Alex and Brett Harris, 2012, authors of Do Hard Things: A Teenage Rebellion Against Low Expectations and founders of The Rebelution
 * Bre Payton, 2015, conservative writer, staff writer for The Federalist
 * Teresa Scanlan, 2016, Miss America 2011
 * Simon Sefzik, 2021, former member of the Washington State Senate from Washington's 42nd legislative district

title: Patrick Henry College


text:
Owensboro Community and Technical College

Owensboro Community and Technical College (OCTC) is a public community college in Owensboro, Kentucky. It is part of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS). Owensboro Community College (est. 1986) and Owensboro Technical College (est. 1929) consolidated to become OCTC. OCTC is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) to offer technical as well as associate's degree programs.

Service area
The primary service area of OCTC includes:

 * Daviess County
 * Hancock County
 * Ohio County
 * McLean County
 * Spencer County (Indiana)

Campuses
OCTC maintains four campus locations (Main Campus, Downtown Campus, Southeastern Campus and a Hancock County Center in Lewisport, KY), all in Kentucky. Main Campus is located at 4800 New Hartford Road Owensboro, KY 42303


text:
Minimum degree algorithm

In numerical analysis, the minimum degree algorithm is an algorithm used to permute the rows and columns of a symmetric sparse matrix before applying the Cholesky decomposition, to reduce the number of non-zeros in the Cholesky factor. This results in reduced storage requirements and means that the Cholesky factor can be applied with fewer arithmetic operations. (Sometimes it may also pertain to an incomplete Cholesky factor used as a preconditioner—for example, in the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm.)

Minimum degree algorithms are often used in the finite element method where the reordering of nodes can be carried out depending only on the topology of the mesh, rather than on the coefficients in the partial differential equation, resulting in efficiency savings when the same mesh is used for a variety of coefficient values.

Given a linear system
 * $$ \mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{b}$$

where A is an $$n \times n$$ real symmetric sparse square matrix. The Cholesky factor L will typically suffer 'fill in', that is have more non-zeros than the upper triangle of A. We seek a permutation matrix P, so that the matrix $$\mathbf{P}^T\mathbf{A}\mathbf{P}$$, which is also symmetric, has the least possible fill in its Cholesky factor. We solve the reordered system
 * $$ \left(\mathbf{P}^T\mathbf{A}\mathbf{P}\right) \left(\mathbf{P}^T\mathbf{x}\right) = \mathbf{P}^T\mathbf{b}.$$

The problem of finding the best ordering is an NP-complete problem and is thus intractable, so heuristic methods are used instead. The minimum degree algorithm is derived from a method first proposed by Markowitz in 1959 for non-symmetric linear programming problems, which is loosely described as follows. At each step in Gaussian elimination row and column permutations are performed so as to minimize the number of off diagonal non-zeros in the pivot row and column. A symmetric version of Markowitz method was described by Tinney and Walker in 1967 and Rose later derived a graph theoretic version of the algorithm where the factorization is only simulated, and this was named the minimum degree algorithm. The graph referred to is the graph with n vertices, with vertices i and j connected by an edge when $$a_{ij} \ne 0$$, and the degree is the degree of the vertices. A crucial aspect of such algorithms is a tie breaking strategy when there is a choice of renumbering resulting in the same degree.

A version of the minimum degree algorithm was implemented in the MATLAB function symmmd (where MMD stands for multiple minimum degree), but has now been superseded by a symmetric approximate multiple minimum degree function symamd, which is faster. This is confirmed by theoretical analysis, which shows that for graphs with n vertices and m edges, MMD has a tight upper bound of $$O(n^2m)$$ on its running time, whereas for AMD a tight bound of $$O(nm)$$ holds. Cummings, Fahrbach, and Fatehpuria designed an exact minimum degree algorithm with $$O(nm)$$ running time, and showed that no such algorithm can exist that runs in time $$O(nm^{1-\varepsilon})$$, for any $$\varepsilon > 0$$, assuming the strong exponential time hypothesis.

title: Minimum degree algorithm