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Resident Evil (film)

Resident Evil is a 2002 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, Michelle Rodriguez, Eric Mabius, James Purefoy, Martin Crewes, and Colin Salmon. it is the first installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name. Borrowing elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2, the film follows amnesiac heroine Alice and a band of Umbrella Corporation commandos as they attempt to contain the outbreak of the T-virus at a secret underground facility.

German studio Constantin Film bought the rights to adapt the series in live-action in January 1997. Several writers and filmmakers, such as Alan B. McElroy, George A. Romero and Jamie Blanks, were initially hired to direct and write the film, but their scripts were rejected. In 2000, Anderson was announced as writer and director. Developed as a prequel set in the same continuity as the video game series, the film was initially titled Resident Evil: Ground Zero, but was retitled after the September 11 attacks. Cast was announced in early 2001 and principal photography commenced in March 2001 in Berlin.

Resident Evil was theatrically released in Germany on March 12, 2002, by Constantin Film Verleih, and in the United Kingdom on July 12, 2002, by Pathé Distribution. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed $103 million worldwide against a production budget of $33 million. It was followed by five sequels establishing their own continuity: Apocalypse (2004), Extinction (2007), Afterlife (2010), Retribution (2012), and The Final Chapter (2016).

Plot
Underneath Raccoon City, a genetic research facility called the Hive is owned by the Umbrella Corporation. A thief steals the genetically engineered T-virus and contaminates the Hive with it. In response, the facility's artificial intelligence, the Red Queen, seals the Hive and kills everyone inside to prevent the virus from leaking into the outside world.

Alice awakens in the bathroom of a deserted mansion, suffering amnesia. She is tackled by an unknown person as a group of commandos led by James Shade breaks in. Alice's attacker claims to be Matt Addison, who just transferred as a cop in Raccoon P.D. Alice and Matt are ordered to go down to the Hive with the group, where they find another amnesiac, Spence, hidden in their train. The commandos explain that everyone in the group except Matt is an employee of the Umbrella Corporation, and Alice and her partner Spence were assigned to guard the Hive's secret entrance beneath the mansion under the pretense of being married.

At the Red Queen's chamber, a laser defense system kills Shade and three more commandos. Despite the Red Queen's pleas for the group to leave, Kaplan disables it, causing the power to fail and all of the doors in the Hive to open. This releases the zombified staff and containment units holding Lickers, creatures created through experimentation with the T-virus. The humans are attacked by the horde, and J.D. dies while the rest are separated. Alice starts regaining her memories while Matt finds his sister Lisa zombified. Alice saves him, and Matt explains that he and Lisa were environmental activists. Lisa infiltrated Umbrella to smuggle out the evidence of illegal experiments and shut Umbrella down. Alice remembers that she was Lisa's contact in the Hive but does not tell Matt. The survivors reunite at the Red Queen's chamber, where the commandos explain they have one hour before the Hive traps them inside automatically. Alice and Kaplan activate the Red Queen to find an exit; to force her cooperation, they rig a remote shutdown.

As they escape through maintenance tunnels, zombies ambush them, and a reanimated J.D. bites Rain before she shoots him dead. They reach safety except Kaplan, who is bitten and separated from the group. Alice remembers that an anti-virus is in the lab, but they find it missing. She also remembers that Spence was the thief who stole and purposefully released the T-virus in the beginning; he hid both the T-virus and anti-virus on the train. Spence turns against the others but is bitten by a zombie before trapping the survivors in the lab. Spence retrieves the anti-virus but is killed by a Licker. The Red Queen offers to spare Alice and Matt if they kill Rain, who has been infected. A power outage occurs. Kaplan appears, having shut down the Red Queen to open the lab doors. The group heads to the train, where Alice retrieves the anti-virus and kills a reanimated Spence.

On the train, they inject Rain and Kaplan with the anti-virus. The Licker attacks them, clawing Matt and killing Kaplan. Alice subdues the Licker before Matt is attacked by a zombified Rain, the anti-virus having failed to cure her. He shoots Rain dead.

At the mansion, Matt's wound begins mutating. Before Alice can give him the anti-virus, a group of Umbrella scientists seizes them. They reveal Matt is to be put into the Nemesis Program, and the Hive is to be re-opened for an investigation into the incident.

Sometime later, Alice awakens at the Raccoon City Hospital strapped to an examination table. She escapes outside, only to find Raccoon City in ruins. She retrieves a shotgun from an abandoned police car for defense.

Development
German production company Constantin Film bought the live-action film rights for Resident Evil in January 1997, and hired screenwriter Alan B. McElroy to write the script. At the time, McElroy was also writing the film adaptation for another video game, Doom, which ultimately wasn't used. The May 1998 issue of PlayStation Magazine published an article about McElroy's Resident Evil script. Described as action- and horror-packed and very violent, the script was similar to the original game. Some changes were made; for example, there was no mention of the Umbrella Corporation or STARS. Instead, the plot followed a special forces team sent by the government to rescue scientists from the mansion laboratory after the SWAT team sent in earlier was killed, during which they realize the mission was a trap and that they are specimens in a medical experiment. The script included all major characters and monsters from the game. McElroy's script was rejected.

In 1998, George A. Romero directed a television commercial for the video game Resident Evil 2. The original game's director, Shinji Mikami, is a fan of Romero and had been influenced by his films. The commercial was only shown in Japan, but impressed Sony enough for them to ask him to write and direct Resident Evil. Romero stated that he had his secretary play the entire game through and record the gameplay so he could study it as a resource. Romero's screenplay was based on the first Resident Evil game and included characters from the video games. Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine were the lead characters, involved in a romantic relationship. Barry Burton, Rebecca Chambers, Ada Wong, and Albert Wesker were to also appear. The ending to the film would have been similar to the best ending to the first Resident Evil game. Romero also hired artist Bernie Wrightson to design some concept artwork of creatures for the film, and Wrightson did several designs of Tyrant, based on its look in the original game and its description in Romero's script. In a 2002 interview in Fangoria, Romero said that he wrote a total of five or six different drafts, but that they were rejected. Robert Kulzer, head of the production, said that, although he felt Romero's script was good, the film would have received an NC-17 rating if it had been approved. He also said that the producers thought that McElroy did well with his script, but that they rejected it because, by the time it was finished, the second game would have been released and they felt a film based on the first game would appear dated. Romero said a number of people from Capcom and Constantin supported his script, but Constantin head Bernd Eichinger ultimately rejected it. In 2019, the University of Pittsburgh's Library System acquired the "George A. Romero Archival Collection", which included material involving his work on Resident Evil. These include several more copies of Romero's Resident Evil script, and a first draft of McElroy's script, dated May 29, 1997, all of which are available to read at the university.

In 2000, director Jamie Blanks was attached to a new adaptation that was said to borrow more elements from the Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis games.

In 1995, Paul W. S. Anderson's low budget film Mortal Kombat became one of the first commercially successful video game adaptations. After playing Resident Evil, Anderson saw its cinematic potential and wrote a script titled Undead, which he described as "a ripoff" of the game. Bernd Eichinger, head of Constantin Film, was enthusiastic, so Anderson developed it into the script for Resident Evil. In late 2000, Anderson was announced as director and writer, and Resident Evil re-entered pre-production stages. Anderson stated the film would not include any tie-ins with the video game series as "under-performing movie tie-ins are too common and Resident Evil, of all games, deserved a good celluloid representation".

Casting
In early 2001, Michelle Rodriguez, James Purefoy and Milla Jovovich were the first of the cast to be signed on the project. David Boreanaz was intended to portray the male cop lead of Matt Addison, but he turned down the role to continue work on the WB series Angel. Boreanaz suggested that he was in negotiations to have a smaller role in the film, but he later declined the role. The role of Matt Addison then went to Eric Mabius who was cast in March 2001, along with Heike Makatsch, who was cast as Matt Addison's sister Lisa Addison, an employee working for Umbrella's Hive facility.

Filming and story development
In early March 2001, half of the film was to be shot in Adlershof Studios in Berlin and its surroundings. Principal photography began on March 5, 2001, at numerous locations including the then-unfinished station U-Bahnhof Bundestag of the Berlin U-Bahn, Landsberger Allee, Kaserne Krampnitz and the Schloss Lindstedt.

The film was originally subtitled as Resident Evil: Ground Zero when it was considered a prequel to the games, but the subtitle was removed due to 9-11. The film's synopsis as of March 16, 2001 revealed that Jovovich's Alice and Rodriguez's Rain were the leaders of a commando team sent in to prevent a viral outbreak from spreading to the rest of the world. The character of the Red Queen was added into the film's story as an homage to Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland.

During production, professional dancers were hired to star as zombies as they had better control of their body movements. While computer effects were used on some zombies, much of the undead appearances were accomplished through make-up while their movements were a more laissez-faire approach, as Anderson told the actors to move however they thought a zombie would, given their conditions. Whilst filming, there was a shortage of manpower where the available dancers were not enough to represent the required numbers of undead, but some of Capcom's executives and several of the film producers including Jeremy Bolt agreed to make appearances. The film's stunt coordinator also made an appearance as the dog trainer while Bolt's girlfriend and sister both appeared as zombies.

The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Marco Beltrami and Marilyn Manson during mid-2001. Manson described the score and soundtrack as being more "electronic" than his previous work.

Relationship to the games
Elements are borrowed from Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, including Alice's character awakening in Raccoon City Hospital with a viral outbreak occurring in the city. There are several references to characters and organizations such as the Umbrella Corporation, the Nemesis program, the underground train bearing the moniker "Alexi-5000" (a double callback to a similar train in Resident Evil 2 and Code: Veronica's villain Alexia Ashford), and a police cruiser, from which Alice takes out a shotgun, with a "STARS" logo on the hood. Jason Isaacs appears uncredited in the film as an unnamed masked doctor, a reference to William Birkin. The character of Dr. Isaacs (played by Iain Glen) in the later films is named after him.

Other references include Alice examining the mansion outside, where crows are visible; crows are minor enemies throughout the games. Alice finds a picture of her wedding day with Spence, which is in the same style as the photos in the first version of the Resident Evil game: black-and-white with the foreground image noticeably spliced into the background. In the newspaper at the end of the film, the words "Horror in Raccoon City! More Victims Dead!" are shown in the upper right corner. This is a reference to the same newspaper in the censored opening of the first Resident Evil game and the prologue chapter for the Resident Evil: The Umbrella Conspiracy novel. Near the beginning of the film, Alice examines a statue after the wind blows its cover off. This statue is similar in design to one in the mansion of the first game.

While returning to the Red Queen's chamber, Kaplan points out that the four bodies of the group's dead crew from the Glass Hallway Trap sequence are gone. This is a reference to the games, where the bodies of enemies disappear. When the survivors make their escape from the Hive with a countdown as they fight the Licker, this is a reference to the Resident Evil game which ends with a five-minute countdown, during which the boss must be defeated.

Anderson has stated that the film's camera angles and several shots allude to the video game's camera angles, such as the fight between Alice and the security guard. These include a scene near the beginning where there is a close up of Alice's eye, a direct reference to the title screen of the first game. In another scene, Alice awakes and hears a creepy sound, which is a reference to the plot of the first game.

Marketing
In March 2001, the official website was set up, which revealed the film's original October 26, 2001 release and a redirect to the film's production company Constantin Film. The website was fully opened in July 2001, and composed of images, plot info, character biographies and downloads. In January 2002, the film was officially announced to have an R rating, although Anderson decided not to make it as gory as the games. Originally it received an NC-17 rating and Anderson had to make cuts; the uncut version was teased but never released.

In December 2001, Sony gave fans a chance to design the film's poster with a prize of an undisclosed amount of cash and free screening of the film, with the final design being the film's poster. On February 16, 2002, Nick Des Barres, a 23-year-old aspiring actor and ex-video game magazine designer, was announced as the winner of the competition. The film's trailer and clips were released in late January and early February 2002. Resident Evil was released on March 15, 2002, in the US.

On June 29, 2004, over two years after the film's release, a novelization by Keith R. A. DeCandido was published.

Distribution
In May 2001, it was announced that Sony Pictures Releasing would distribute the film in North America through their Screen Gems label. It was suggested by Capcom executives that the film would not be released in 2001, but rather in 2002, which was later confirmed by Sony in August 2001. The film was set for release on April 5, 2002, before being pushed forward to a March 15 release.

In December 2001, it was announced that Pathé and FilmFour had acquired the British theatrical distribution rights to the movie as part of a partnership between the two companies. They would both share acquisition and distribution costs and divide profits equally, while Pathé's UK distribution arm would handle distribution.

Home media
Resident Evil: Special Edition was released on VHS and DVD by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment on July 30, 2002, in the United States, April 14, 2003 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in the United Kingdom and October 2002 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in Australia. It was a special edition release, with a number of documentaries including five featurettes, one of which explained the making of Resident Evil, the film's score composition, costume design, set design, zombie make up tests, and the music video for a remixed version of "My Plague" by Slipknot.

A Deluxe Edition was released on September 7, 2004, which included new special features such as an alternate ending with director Anderson's video introduction, a clip compilation for Apocalypse, From Game to Screen featurette, a storyboarding Resident Evil featurette, and 6 other exclusive featurettes: The Creature, The Elevator, The Train, The Laser, Zombie Dogs and Zombies.

Screen Gems released Resident Evil: Resurrected Edition, a 2-disc package containing Resident Evil and Resident Evil: Apocalypse, on September 4, 2007.

On January 1, 2008, a Blu-ray of the Resident Evil trilogy was released. The film was also released on Ultra HD Blu-ray along with the five sequels on November 17, 2020.

Television
In the United Kingdom, it was watched by 2.8 million viewers on television during the first half of 2005, making it the eighth most-watched UK film on television during that period.

Box office
The film opened in 2,528 theaters and grossed $17,707,106 on its opening weekend (March 15–17, 2002), ranking in second place behind Ice Age. The film grossed $40,119,709 domestically and $103,787,401 worldwide.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 36% based on reviews from 132 critics and an average rating of 4.6/10. The consensus reads, "Like other video game adaptations, Resident Evil is loud, violent, formulaic, and cheesy." On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 35 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Robert K. Elder from the Chicago Tribune thought the film "updates the zombie genre with an anti-corporate message while still scaring its audience and providing heart-pounding action". Owen Gleiberman from Entertainment Weekly noted: the film is as "impersonal in its relentlessness as the video-game series that inspired it".

Resident Evil and its sequel appeared on Roger Ebert's most hated films list, published in 2005. In his review, Ebert described it as a zombie movie set in the 21st century, where "large metallic objects make crashing noises just by being looked at", and criticized the dialogue for being a series of commands and explanations with no "small talk".

In 2014, filmmaker James Cameron named Resident Evil his biggest guilty pleasure.

Sequels
After commercial success at the box office, a sequel, Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) was released. It was followed by Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010), Resident Evil: Retribution (2012) and Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2016). Anderson did not direct the second or third films due to filming commitments with Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Death Race (2008).

title: Resident Evil (film)


text: Category:French inventors

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:French inventors


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Shift-share analysis

A shift-share analysis, used in regional science, political economy, and urban studies, determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national, economic industry, and regional factors. The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy. A shift-share analysis takes the change over time of an economic variable, such as employment, within industries of a regional economy, and divides that change into various components. A traditional shift-share analysis splits regional changes into just three components, but other models have evolved that expand the decomposition into additional components.

Overview
A shift-share analysis attempts to identify the sources of regional economic changes. The region can be a town, city, country, statistical area, state, or any other region of the country. The analysis examines changes in an economic variable, such as migration, a demographic statistic, firm growth, or firm formations, although employment is most commonly used. The shift-share analysis is performed on a set of economic industries, like those defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The analysis separates the regional economic changes within each industry into different categories. Although there are different versions of a shift-share analysis, they all identify national, industry, and regional factors that influence the variable changes.

Traditional model
The traditional form of the shift-share analysis was developed by Daniel Creamer in the early 1940s, and was later formalized by Edgar S. Dunn in 1960. Also known as the comparative static model, it examines changes in the economic variable between two years. Changes are calculated for each industry in the analysis, both regionally and nationally. Each regional change is decomposed into three components.
 * 1) National growth effect is the portion of the change attributed to the total growth of the national economy.  It equals the theoretical change in the regional variable had it increased by the same percentage as the national economy.
 * 2) Industry mix effect is the portion of the change attributed to the performance of the specific economic industry. It equals the theoretical change in the regional variable had it increased by the same percentage as the industry nationwide, minus the national growth effect.
 * 3) Local share effect is the portion of the change attributed to regional influences, and is the component of primary concern to regional analysts.  It equals the actual change in the regional variable, minus the previous two effects.

Formula
The regional change in the variable $e$ within industry $i$ between the two years $t$ and $t + n$ is defined as the sum of the three shift-share effects: national growth effect ($NS _{i}$), industry mix effect ($IM _{i}$), and local share effect ($RS _{i}$).

e_i^{t+n} - e_i^t = NS_i + IM_i + RS_i $$

The beginning and ending values of the economic variable within a particular industry are $e _{i}^{t}$ and $e _{i}^{t+n}$, respectively. Each of the three effects is defined as a percentage of the beginning value of the economic variable.

NS_i = e_i^t \times G $$

IM_i = e_i^t \times (G_i-G) $$

RS_i = e_i^t \times (g_i-G_i) $$

The total percent change in the economic variable nationwide for all industries combined is $G$, while the national and regional industry-specific percent changes are $G _{i}$ and $g _{i}$, respectively.

These three equations substituted into the first equation yield the following expression (from where the decomposition starts), which simply says that the regional economic variable (for industry i) grows at the speed of the regional industry-specific percent change. Note that usually (in case of slow growth) 0 < g i < 1 and that $g _{i}$ refers to the whole period from $t$ to $t + n$.

e_i^{t+n} = e_i^t \times (1+g_i) $$

Example
As an example, a shift-share analysis might be utilized to examine changes in the construction industry of a state's economy over the past decade, using employment as the economic variable studied. Total national employment may have increased 5% over the decade, while national construction employment increased 8%. However, state construction employment decreased 2%, from 100,000 to 98,000 employees, for a net loss of 2,000 employees.

The national growth effect is equal to the beginning 100,000 employees, times the total national growth rate of 5%, for an increase in 5,000 employees. The shift-share analysis implies that state construction would have increased by 5,000 employees, had it followed the same trend as the overall national economy.

The industry mix effect is equal to the original 100,000 employees times the growth in the industry nationwide, which was 8%, minus the total national growth of 5%. This results in an increase in 3,000 employees (100,000 employees times 3%, which is the 8% industry growth minus the 5% total growth). The analysis implies that the state construction would have increased by another 3,000 employees had it followed the industry trends, because the construction industry nationwide performed better than the national economy overall.

The local share effect in this example is equal to the beginning 100,000 employees times the state construction employment growth rate of −2% (it is negative because of the loss of employees), minus the national construction growth rate of 8%. This results in 100,000 employees times -10%, for a loss of 10,000 employees. However, the actual employment loss was only 2,000 employees, but that equals the sum of the three effects (5,000 gain + 3,000 gain + 10,000 loss). The analysis implies that local factors lead to a decrease in 10,000 employees in the state construction industry, because the growth in both the national economy and the construction industry should have increased state construction employment by 8,000 employees (the 5,000 national share effect plus the 3,000 industry mix effect).

Names and regions
Shift-share analysts sometimes use different labels for the three effects, although the calculations are the same. National growth effect may be referred to as national share. Industry mix effect may be referred to as proportional shift. Local share effect may be referred to as differential shift, regional shift, or competitive share.

In most shift-share analyses, the regional economy is compared to the national economy. However, the techniques may be used to compare any two regions (e.g., comparing a county to its state).

Dynamic model
In 1988, Richard Barff and Prentice Knight, III, published the dynamic model shift-share analysis. In contrast to the comparative static model, which only considers two years in its analysis (the beginning and ending years), the dynamic model utilizes every year in the study period. Although it requires much more data to perform the calculations, the dynamic model takes into account continuous changes in the three shift-share effects, so the results are less affected by the choice of starting and ending years. The dynamic model is most useful when there are large differences between regional and national growth rates, or large changes in the regional industrial mix.

The dynamic model uses the same techniques as the comparative static model, including the same three shift-share effects. However, in the dynamic model, a time-series of traditional shift-share calculations are performed, comparing each year to the previous year. The annual shift-share effects are then totaled together for the entire study period, resulting in the dynamic model's shift-share effects.

Formula
The regional change in the variable $e$ within industry $i$ between the two years $t$ and $t + n$ is defined as the sum of the three shift-share effects: national growth effect ($NS _{i}$), industry mix effect ($IM _{i}$), and local share effect ($RS _{i}$).

e_i^{t+n} - e_i^t = NS_i + IM_i + RS_i $$

If the study period ranges from year $t$ to year $t + n$, then traditional shift-share effects are calculated for every year $k$, where $k$ spans from $t +1$ to $t + n$. The dynamic model shift-share effects are then calculated as the sum of the annual effects.

NS_i = \sum_{k=t+1}^{t+n} \left[ e_i^{k-1} \left( G^k \right) \right] $$

IM_i = \sum_{k=t+1}^{t+n} \left[ e_i^{k-1} \left( G_i^k - G^k \right) \right] $$

RS_i = \sum_{k=t+1}^{t+n} \left[ e_i^{k-1} \left( g_i^k - G_i^k \right) \right] $$

The growth rates used in the calculations are annual rates, not growth from the beginning year in the study period, so the percent change from year $k -1$ to $k$ in the economic variable nationwide for all industries combined is $G ^{k}$, while the national and regional industry-specific percent changes are $G _{i}^{k}$ and $g _{i}^{k}$, respectively.

Esteban-Marquillas Model
In 1972, J.M. Esteban-Marquillas extended the traditional model to address criticism that the regional share effect is correlated to the regional industrial mix. In the Esteban-Marquillas model, the regional share effect itself is decomposed into two components, isolating a regional shift component that is not correlated to the industrial mix. The model introduced a then-new concept to shift-share analyses, a homothetic level of the economic variable within an industry. This is the theoretical value of the variable within an industry assuming the region has the same industrial mix as the nation.

In the Esteban-Marquillas model, the calculations of the national share and industrial mix effects are unchanged. However, the regional share effect in the traditional model is separated into two effects: a new regional share effect that is not dependent on the industrial mix, and an allocation effect that is. The allocation effect indicates the extent to which the region is specialized in those industries where it enjoys a competitive advantage.

Formula
The regional change in the variable $e$ within industry $i$ between the two years $t$ and $t + n$ is defined as the sum of the four shift-share effects: national growth effect ($NS _{i}$), industry mix effect ($IM _{i}$), regional share effect ($RS _{i}$), and allocation effect ($AL _{i}$).

e_i^{t+n} - e_i^t = NS_i + IM_i + RS_i + AL_i $$

The beginning and ending values of the economic variable within a particular industry are $e _{i}^{t}$ and $e _{i}^{t+n}$, respectively. The beginning value of the regional homothetic variable within a particular industry is $h _{i}^{t}$. It is based on the regional and national values of the economic variable across all industries, $e ^{t}$ and $E ^{t}$ respectively, and the industry-specific national value $E _{i}^{t}$.

h_i^t = e^t \times { E_i^t \over E^t } $$

Each of the four shift-share effects is defined as a percentage of either the beginning value of the economic variable, the homothetic variable, or the difference of the two.

NS_i = e_i^t \left( G \right) $$

IM_i = e_i^t \left( G_i-G \right) $$

RS_i = h_i^t \left( g_i-G_i \right) $$

AL_i = \left( e_i^t-h_i^t \right) \left( g_i-G_i \right) $$

The total percent change in the economic variable nationwide for all industries combined is $G$, while the national and regional industry-specific percent changes are $G _{i}$ and $g _{i}$, respectively.

Arcelus Model
In 1984, Francisco Arcelus built upon Esteban-Marquillas' use of the homothetic variables and extended the traditional model even further. He used this method to decompose the national share and industrial mix effects into expected and differential components. The expected component is based on the homothetic level of the variable, and is the effect not attributed to the regional specializations. The differential component is the remaining effect, which is attributable to the regional industrial mix. Arcelus claimed that, even with the Esteban-Marquillas extension, the regional share effect is still related to the regional industry mix, and that the static model assumes all regional industries operate on a national market basis, focusing too heavily on the export markets and ignoring the local markets. In order to address these issues, Arcelus used a different method for separating the regional share effect, resulting in a regional growth effect and a regional industry mix effect. Both of these are decomposed into expected and differential components using the homothetic variable.

Formula
The regional change in the variable $e$ within industry $i$ between the two years $t$ and $t + n$ is defined as the sum of the eight shift-share effects: expected national growth effect ($NSE _{i}$), differential national growth effect ($NSD _{i}$), expected industry mix effect ($IME _{i}$), differential industry mix effect ($IMD _{i}$), expected regional growth effect ($RGE _{i}$), differential regional growth effect ($RGD _{i}$), expected regional industry mix effect ($RIE _{i}$), and differential regional industry mix effect ($RID _{i}$).

e_i^{t+n} - e_i^t = NSE_i + NSD_i + IME_i + IMD_i + RGE_i + RGD_i + RIE_i + RID_i $$

The eight effects are related to the three traditional shift-share effects from the comparative static model.

NS_i = NSE_i + NSD_i $$

IM_i = IME_i + IMD_i $$

RS_i = RGE_i + RGD_i + RIE_i + RID_i $$

The homothetic variable is calculated the same as in the Esteban-Marquillas model. The beginning value of the regional homothetic variable within a particular industry is $h _{i}^{t}$. It is based on the regional and national values of the economic variable across all industries, $e ^{t}$ and $E ^{t}$ respectively, and the industry-specific national value $E _{i}^{t}$.

h_i^t = e^t \times { E_i^t \over E^t } $$

Each of the eight shift-share effects is defined as a percentage of either the beginning value of the economic variable, the homothetic variable, or the difference of the two.

NSE_i = h_i^t \times G $$

NSD_i = \left( e_i^t - h_i^t \right) \times G $$

IME_i = h_i^t \times \left( G_i - G \right) $$

IMD_i = \left( e_i^t - h_i^t \right) \times \left( G_i - G \right) $$

RGE_i = h_i^t \times \left( g - G \right) $$

RGD_i = \left( e_i^t - h_i^t \right) \times \left( g - G \right) $$

RIE_i = h_i^t \times \left( g_i - g - G_i + G \right) $$

RID_i = \left( e_i^t - h_i^t \right) \times \left( g_i - g - G_i + G \right) $$

The total percent changes in the economic variable nationally and regionally for all industries combined are $G$ and $g$ respectively, while the national and regional industry-specific percent changes are $G _{i}$ and $g _{i}$, respectively.

title: Shift-share analysis


text:
Talk:The Rockford Files

Untitled
This is so gushing. Can someone do NPOV on this? Mike H 04:12, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * I was going to, but I thought, that is such an accurate description of my experience watching that show for the first time yesterday. Rad Racer 06:27, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Was it ever established what he was convicted of? Trekphiler 21:39, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Armed Robbery —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.9.171.207 (talk) 18:35, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Does anyone know if the third season is going to be released on DVD? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.208.36.16 (talk) 04:19, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * not sure, but check this site for that kind of info. Count Ringworm 14:14, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thrid Season is now out on DVD. 172.164.216.247 18:41, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It's only mentioned in the pilot movie that Rockford was convicted of armed robbery. Jim, who has no reason to lie about it, also tells Angel it was a 'bad rap', however no other details were ever offered. 172.164.216.247 18:41, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Somehow, I've always managed to miss the pilot in syndication... Trekphiler 07:44, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Rockford and Angel - Sweet in the pen?
It is true that Angel was Jim's "bitch" when they shared a cell? It seems so obvious from the interplay of the two. Jim is essentially straight but still feels he "owes" his ex, as it were. Angel is still hankering for a continuation. I'm not saying it's in your face or anything - just there for those in the know. Angel's nervous edginess just says it all...213.104.160.6BeenThereDoneThat —Preceding undated comment added at 23:39, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Yep, this is a fact! The episode entitled "D*I*V*O*R*C*E" (scripted but not filmed) would have explored this in detail. Jim tells Angel in the script: "It's over Angel. A joint only arrangement, you're just gonna have to get over it." Angel replies: "No Jimmy! No!  I need your sweetness!!" Then he tries to grab Jim and they wrestle.213.104.164.45 15:54, 24 April 2006 (UTC)RockoFan

Location of Mobile Home
As I recall, and from wathcing the DVD's, there is no other mobile home anywhere near Rockford's - woldn't it be more correct to describe his mobile home as being in a parking lot, rather than in a mobile home park? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Voideater (talk • contribs) 04:39, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It depends on the episode. On some episodes, there are other trailers shown near him, and in one episode the residents had tried to get him removed from the community because of the ruckus his job caused. He was allowed to stay if he patrolled the trailer park at night as a security guard, if I recall correctly. Arundhati lejeune 23:50, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Working through the DVDs and still have seen no other trailers in the restaraunt parking lot Voideater 15:44, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Still no other trailers anywhere near him - his trailer is generally in a restaurant parking lot, though has been moved on occasion (see season four episode The House on Willis Street). In season four episode The Queen of Peru for a recreational vehicle parked temporarily by his trailer by a vacationing family. Voideater (talk) 00:02, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The restaurant parking lot on which the Rockford trailer sat is actually adjacent to a genuine mobile home park in real-life Malibu. It was infrequent/never, however, that these were actually shown in the camera angles. Generally, angles did not include the restaurant or the slope upward, where the other trailers were--and are. Also, the spot is technically not "on PCH." One goes down a short road/long driveway to get there.Scooge (talk) 06:09, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Tourist interest
Does the location of Jim's trailer feature on any tourist trip? I was surprised, when in San Francisco, that no mention was made to the actual streets where the infamous 'Bullit' vehicle chases was made and had to ask.88.105.210.68 11:59, 28 November 2006 (UTC)John T (UK)
 * No tourist map, but the restaraunt's parking lot that his trailer was parked at is now the Paradise Cove Beach Cafe - see http://www.paradisecovemalibu.com/beachcafe/ Voideater 02:54, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Presumably, the parking lot is now that of the cafe in question, and not the cafe itself as the above would suggest. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.243.164.201 (talk) 22:23, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Cancelled?
The Rockford Files was canceled? I thought Garner left due to his injuries and the show just folded. -Vladimir Lenin 03:33, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, that is what happened. I think the article states that. Where does it say it was canceled? Mike H. I did "That's hot" first! 03:41, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

The section labelled "Analysis"...
...is thoroughly subjective, lacking in citations, and goes against Wikpedia's "no original research" guidelines. (I also find it laughably pretentious in spots, but that's not the main point I'm trying to make here.) Can anyone come up with a reason for this section to stay? If not, I'm targeting it for deletion... 172.149.183.11 21:05, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Instead of deletion, let's revise it and add references. --Jcbutler 19:26, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It's been a month, and there have been no references added -- I suspect because there are no references to add. I'll give it a few more days, then I'm gonna start pruning.... 172.164.216.247 18:41, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Mtstroud, whoever you may be. Two can play at the reversion game.  If you don't like the "Citation needed" and "weasel words" tags in the Analysis section, then add citations (if any exist) and rewrite the article so it's less weaselly.  But simply reverting the tags away won't make the article any more credible....  172.162.32.196 16:25, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I have removed the Analysis section. This seems to be a clear case of original research. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 16:55, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Fine by me! 172.162.32.196 17:02, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Pardoned?
I've never seen the pilot episode, I must have started watching shortly afterwards. I knew that Jim had been in prison, and I guess I never picked up that he was wrongly accused and pardoned. From my foggy memory, I could have sworn that several times he was threathened by the Lt.s who disliked him as violating parole? Does anyone else remember that? How could he be violating parole if he was pardoned? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Endy9 (talk • contribs) 17:57, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The police in the show (apart from Dennis) disliked Jim, and regularly used intimidation tactics against him (which generally did not work, as Rockford knew his rights as well as them), so I suppose it could be explained that way. I think a more probable explanation is that the show's writers simply did not expect the audience to remember such small details. But in the pilot episode he did say that he had been pardoned. Arundhati lejeune 23:47, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, the writers seemed to play a little fast and loose with Jim's situation with regards to parole. Jim actually made a long speech in the pilot movie that stated he'd been pardoned for his robbery conviction, but in later episodes we  meet Marcus Hayes, Jim's parole officer from "four years ago".  Either Jim didn't get pardoned, or perhaps he committed another offense for which he was out on parole.
 * Other episodes established that Jim was a small-time black marketeer/quasi-con-man throughout the 1950s -- perhaps one of these exploits caught up with him? 172.146.121.105 20:44, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * We could also posit, considering the shenanigans he got up to in the course of the show, he was on parole at times, no? On a related issue, I added the fact tag, because it seems to me, the cases probably hotted up because he was investigating. (I haven't seen an episode in quite awhile...) Trekphiler 10:19, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Becker's made a point of Jim's pardon to more than one boss. It's also mentioned several other times during the series' run. 75.91.239.237 (talk) 22:41, 15 April 2009 (UTC)Will

It could have been that Jim was in prison, served his time, released on parole, finished his parole, and was later pardoned. Sometimes people are pardonned years or even decades after the prison sentence is up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.238.206.135 (talk) 02:53, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Jimbo would have to have been pardoned or finished parole to get a private investigator's license. Probably the former. Could he have had a period of parole during which he investigated who actually framed him, and thus cleared his name, resulting in a pardon? It would explain how he got the skills to get into the investigating business too.  2.31.164.79 (talk) 23:50, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

Area 311
I don't recall that, but I may have a hint why it was used, because IIRC, another TV series used the 311 area (311-555-3305), recalled by Burgess Meredith's character (V.C.R. "Cam" Cameron, the "Search" function says) after being kidnapped. Big Uncle 14:38, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Inaccuracies
Noah Beery, Jr., did not play Rocky in the pilot. The role was played that one time by actor Robert Donley. Also, the first trivia item is complete supposition. Even if the Trivia section were allowed to stay, unless source citations can be provided for this one item it is no less than original research or opinion. 12.22.250.4 18:11, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * This is in there:
 * In the "Episodes" section:
 * "The series pilot aired on NBC March 27, 1974 as a 90-minute made-for-television movie. In the pilot, Robert Donley played Rockford's father; Lindsay Wagner also starred and later made a return appearance. The pilot was titled Backlash of the Hunter for syndication."
 * Yes, most likely that first section needs to be yanked. WikiDon 18:35, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. If somebody can substantiate it, & wants to source the origin of the character, look to "Maverick"; I've heard interviews ("Biography"?) saying Rockford was just an update... Trekphiler 18:47, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, on A&E's Biography program of Garner, Huggins wanted to do Maverick over again, but in a "present day" setting. Huggins felt there was some "magic" there with Garner playing a good guy, but with a bit of a roguish quality-self serving quality. WikiDon 18:54, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Not really an inaccuracy, but the following sentence in the article doesn't make sense: "the chemistry of both Garner and Santos was like having a cop getting into trouble" Huh? jmdeur 21:42, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Richard Brockleman is introduced in the season four episode The House on Willis Street. The character meets Rockford in this episode for the first time and is not introduced as any relation to Rockford. He is not Rockford's nephew as stated in the article. See Universal DVD. Voideater (talk) 23:58, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Hyperlinks in the DVD releases section
I would like to have the date-related hyperlinks in the DVD releases section removed. There is no reason why anyone interested in (for example) season three of the Rockford Files would also be interested in what other events happened on "February 27" or indeed "2007". 140.168.69.130 02:25, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. ~ WikiDon 02:39, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Full dates are not linked for clicking they are linked so that they will be formatted according to user preferences. By Wikipedia standards, full dates are to be linked, and partial dates (which do not follow a standard) are generally not to be linked. (see Manual of Style (dates and numbers)) —MJBurrage •  TALK  • 16:08, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Hang on a second - this is not such a clear-cut issue. Please read http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4582 and the addition I made this morning to Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29 (citing this article) as to why date-linking is often inappropriate. Certainly in the case of the DVD release dates, there is no problem or confusion with using a location-neutral date format such as "2008-1-15".140.168.69.130 02:22, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Megan Dougherty
The article states
 * After Corbett was dropped from the show after the fourth season (allegedly due to contract disputes), a new legal adviser and a new romantic interest for Rockford was introduced: Dr. Megan Dougherty (Kathryn Harrold), a blind, yet very independent and gorgeous psychiatrist, who made three appearances in the fifth and sixth seasons.

Was a psychiatrist really his legal adviser, or were these two separate roles? Rojomoke (talk) 12:03, 25 January 2008 (UTC) Was a psychiatrist really his legal adviser, or were these two separate roles? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rojomoke (talk • contribs) 16:16, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Season 6 is available online
Wikidon, I'm not sure why you and other people are being judgemental and accusing others of vandalism and advertising when they state facts. The Rockford files season six is only available now for Netflix subscribers online. That is not an intended as an advertisement, but a statement of fact for fans who *MAY* be interested. Maybe there is a better way to word this to inform people, so please consider a revision, and not being self-righteous and deleting it all together. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Doug Sacks (talk • contribs) 04:15, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) Part of the problem was the way you formatted it. Please read: Guide to writing better articles and Manual of Style
 * Don't make a sentence a header. You can't make it header like you did, put it inline with the other seasons, add it to the table, look at other articles for examples. Don't zig when everybody is zagging. Poor formating has the appearance of vandalism. This edit 1) Is unacceptable and 2) looks like vandalism. If you learn how to drive a car before you get on the freeway, you are less likely to get pulled over by a policeman and cited with a ticket.
 * 2) REFERENCE it! Have a verifiable source. This is especially in poor taste when you are adding one retailer over all the others and are not contributing to Wikipedia in any other ways. See: Spam
 * 3) If you go to Netflix.com it will say: "Unavailable". It says the same thing at Amazon.com, Blockbuster.com, Target.com, Wal-mart.com, Bestbuy.com, CircuitCity.com, etc. You can put it on your "Watch list" at all of those sites, "pre-order" or whatever you want to call it. Big deal. If Netflix has a special deal with the distributors, then there is a press release available online somewhere.
 * PS 1) use the "Show preview" feature so it doesn't take you five saves to add one paragraph; 2) SIGN your talk post: Sign ~ WikiDon (talk) 12:33, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Don, when I go to Netflix it *does* say it is available as "instant" under "Available Formats". I have watched season 6 episodes online from Netlflix. I think you may need to be a subscriber to see it though. I know you don't believe me, so here is a screenshot:

I left season 1 on the screen shot so one could see the difference (6 is instant only). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Doug Sacks (talk • contribs) 18:16, 6 June 2008 (UTC) It looks like you need to have an account or it will show up as unavailable. I wish they would show instant titles and not DVD's only to non-subscribers. Again, to subscribers the season 6 episodes are available. Doug Sacks (talk) 18:40, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, that is what I figured. So, you have to be a Netflix subscriber to get it on download only. I can't find a press release anywhere. You would think that Netflix would want to brag about exclusives to entice people to join up. Marketing 101.
 * I want you to remember that this is first an Encyclopedia. So, think of it as going to you bookshelf or library and picking up Encyclopedia Britanica, or Encyclopedia Americana, or World Book. Would you expect to find this in an encyclopedia? Of course Wikipedia can be better than an encyclopedia and have more information than that. But, from a thinking starting point, I want you to back up and start from there. I would like to ask you to read: What Wikipedia is not
 * I know, I know, your eyes are rolling, but I am telling you if we build a better foundation we'll have a stronger offering. We must be better than your blog sites. Now, I would like you to find something that says when the general DVD release will be, if you have to email Universal Studios and ask them if they have a press release on it, so be in. There is already a code for it, ASIN: B00188KUU8. I am thinking July, maybe August, maybe this month. We need something verifiable. ~ WikiDon (talk) 07:42, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Looking this over I would conclude that the availability at Netflix should be mentioned in the article, with a CITE tag. The information is valid and on topic, it's just not well sourced yet. That does not mean that we cannot include it, just that we want to add a better source than one user's screenshot. —MJBurrage(T•C) 13:45, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The source is Netflix's Instant Viewing catalog. It's verifiable by anyone with an account. Just because Joe Nonsubscriber cannot follow a link to it does not mean that it's not a valid source. --99.163.50.12 (talk) 03:28, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Doin' a Rockford
Three things: TREKphiler  hit me ♠  16:00, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) If you can source the open collar thing, do restore it. (Not sure the rhyming slang rises to notable, tho.)
 * 2) If somebody can find a source, can you add the ref to a chase scene as "doing a Rockford"?
 * 3) What's up with the default sort warning I'm seeing? "Warning: Default sort key "Rockford Files, The" overrides earlier default sort key "Huggins, Roy""?
 * Anyone can claim anything, but to stay on WP, it needs to be verifiable with reliable sources. I concur with evertything Trek removed,a nd in fact have remove the entire Trivia section. It has been tagged with a "Trivia" template since June 2007, which is certianly long enough for items to have been sourced, and moved to relevant sections. Perhaps sopme of hte items could be kept uder a "Cultural effects"-type section, but they need proper sources that show they have had the claimed effect, not just a vague reference some announcer of football games making allusions or calling something a something. Also, this is an encyclopedia article, not a fan site or a book devoted to the show: addresses and phone numbers are very minor, usless there is some citeable reason that makes them esecially notable. - BillCJ (talk) 22:10, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Bill, I would argue for keeping some of the in-show stuff, 'cause it is about the show; the phone # & plate # even long-time fans may not know about, & the 29 Cove Rd address contradiction I've wondered about. I personally liked Garner's comment, in the vein of James Marsters "vampires aren't real, Clark" from "Smallville". The rest, take it out.  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  00:24, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

Tag
This article was tagged in 2007 as lacking references etc. This may have been so then, but I find the article to be thorough, extensive, and as well referenced as any good Wikipedia article. How can this tag be removed? Ineuw (talk) 17:58, 12 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I disagree that it is thoroughly referenced; however, it does have a list of references now, so I removed the "unreferenced" tag. momo  ricks  00:07, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

A slight mistake
In the episode Beamer's Last Case, Jim is in San Juan for ten days and comes back to find someone has been impersonating him and taking cases, pretending to be him. To hire Jim, people would use the Yellow Pages which has a photo of him. The impersonator looked nothing like him. (193.250.53.25 (talk) 15:49, 7 August 2009 (UTC))

Also starring everybody in Hollywood
The "guest stars" bit is getting out of hand. On a long-running series, it's next to inevitable a lot of people who later go on to be stars will make brief appearances. (My personal fave is Gerald McRaney.) I don't think there's a huge need to mention them all. I can see Lauren Bacall, James Woods, Rita Moreno, Robert Loggia, Blair Brown, Isaac Hayes, Rob Reiner, & Tom Selleck (for the irony), but honestly, Jack Colvin? Some trimming is in order, & a bit of judgment in including new names definitely is. TREKphiler  hit me ♠  17:25, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

where is Jim Rockford's trailer now who has it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.159.26.209 (talk) 07:08, 9 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Evidently, the problem persists... Is everybody who went on to star in another show to get special mention? So why isn't my personal fave, Gerald McRaney? Or Lindsay Wagner? Gordon Jump & Howard Hesseman? Larry Hagman? Robert Walden? William Daniels & Bonnie Bartlett? Dick Gautier (things not rotten enough?)? Abe Vigoda? Or Stefanie Powers? And that's just to name just the easy ones. Or, we can show some sense, restore the really big stars, & leave off the Variety page listings.  TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  04:30 & 04:31, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Anybody that doesn't already have a Wikipedia entry should AUTOMATICALLY be deleted on the spot.
 * 2) I think anybody on the list should meat one of the following:
 * A) Only people that are in the top 100 American films of all time and/or top 100 American TV shows of all time (Lauren Bacall)
 * B) People that were especially cultivated: James Garner took a special interest in the career of James Woods and S. J. Cannell took a special interest in and mentored Tom Selleck
 * The rest of them can be removed from this article and placed in List of Rockford Files episodes where they make a lot more sense and the information is more usable and readable.
 * > Best O Fortuna (talk) 02:12, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
 * More/less agreed, which comes back to my above (very) short list of notables. I trust, Fortuna, you don't object to Rita (Tony winner) & Isaac (Oscar, if for music...)?  TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  04:19, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Rita had a special connection with James, she is fine. Isaac is already listed up above in "Cast".  (You didn't like my header change?  I like to name the header the same as the subject or heading in the article for easy cross-over.) > Best O Fortuna (talk) 05:04, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

J-Turn
I've been around cars for as long as I can remember, and the evasive manuever that is referred to as the "Rockford turn-around" or "J-turn", is what is commonly called a "reverse float" by motor heads. It is accurately described in the article. It is only possible in a rear wheel drive car. It is easier to perform in gravel than on dry pavement; however, if the rear wheels are spinning fast enough (faster than the car is moving) it is achievable on dry pavement. The term comes from the fact that with the rear wheels spinning faster than the car is moving, the rear of the car is basically floating in that the tire contact patch is not in contact with the pavement, and of course, because the car is starting our in reverse. The sudden acceleration in reverse shifts more of the car's weight to the front tires, where, in a car like the Firebird, a larger percentage of the weight is already located. Unloading the rear axle by suddenly accelerating in reverse makes spinning the rear tires easier to accomplish. I don't know if a reverse float can be performed with a manual transmission, but it seems unlikely. Luckily, Rockford drove a Firebird with an automatic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.90.41.54 (talk) 14:15, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * J-turn has its own article; it is completely unnecessary to go to so much detail describing something so non-integral to the topic of the article. 71.200.134.47 (talk) 13:01, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

James Bond does the maneuver in The Man with the Golden Gun (film) using an AMC Hornet. The film was released in December of 1974, the same year Rockford started. AMCKen (talk) 05:18, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Written but unfilmed episodes
I knew about the unfilmed episodes because one of my writer friends in California actually wrote one of them. It was to be set in the San Francisco Bay area, but after the script was accepted, Garner withdrew from the series. Too bad - I would have been proud to say I knew the author of one of the episodes. But so it goes. Mark Sublette (talk) 09:51, 1 December 2010 (UTC)Mark SubletteMark Sublette (talk) 09:51, 1 December 2010 (UTC)

Pontiac Firebird Espirt
I have watched every episode and am amazed by how many times Jim damages or crashes his car. I think it was even blown up on a couple episodes. Amazing he just showed up in the next scene or episode with the same car! He was always so broke... Anyone know how many gold Firebirds the studio went through? Must be several! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.100.227.204 (talk) 05:17, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Just today I was talking to a fan of the legendary James Garner, and the expenses relating to the Firebird were the subject of a lawsuit between him and the studio on the theory that Garner invested a significant amount of his own earnings into vehicle maintenance.  If anybody can substantiate this with a cite to that effect, please mention it.   If anybody feels like looking up the case, a number of other Hollywood legends reputedly joined him in this action.   216.99.219.134 (talk) 08:43, 23 March 2011 (UTC)
 * At the bottom of the Pontiac Firebird Espirit article in the official wiki, the author states "In the first TV movie, I Still Love L.A. in 1994, the Firebird is shown, in ramshackle disrepair, parked next to Rockford's trailer. He mentions he plans to have it "fixed up," but drives other cars throughout the films."
 * This is inaccurate, Rockford drives the Firebird in many of the TV movies. I say this as a person who is currently watching most of the TV movies. I also do not recall Rockford saying that he "plans to have it "fixed up" in the I 'still' Love L.A. tv movie, and I was watching for it after reading the article. BradynAustin (talk) 04:24, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

Wrong link
The link for the "Jim Rockford" Character goes to a real person with the same name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.3.2.129 (talk) 04:39, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Solved! 173.216.251.78 (talk) 11:44, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

Rocky... the flying squirrel?
I was just browsing The Moose that Roared, and discovered that James Garner was a big Bullwinkle fan. Now, Jim could have called his father "dad" or "pop", or even his first name (Joe). But he calls him "Rocky". Coincidence? WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 19:08, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * As Garner didn't write the series, and showrunner Stephen J. Cannell is on record as saying that Garner never changed a single line of dialogue during his 6 years on the show ... yes. 70.48.47.89 (talk) 07:46, 9 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Rocky, as in his last name. Clarityfiend (talk) 07:55, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

Proposed merge with List of Jim Rockford's answering machine gags
The WP:QUOTEFARM has been removed, and there's no other justification for having the list. There's already a section on the gags here; any referenced content in the list could be added to it. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 10:04, 27 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The notability of this list is warranted on several points. The opening gag was consistently played in the entirety of the original series and serves as an excellent example of a story within a story. The list is documented online as well, and this list serves as a reference for those who wish to review and study the evolution of the collaborative entry into the annals of The Rockford Files. It would be a terrible loss to have this list disappear as it is a valuable source for reference in regard to the opening gag. A linking to audio of each gag would be useful. I propose to end the alert that this list may not meet the notability guidelines.

--Ma'ath'a'yü (aka: Proofing) (talk) 19:29, 20 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It's an amusing gag, but hardly notable enough for its own article. Clarityfiend (talk) 10:13, 27 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Merge: Anything notable from there can be covered in this article. This article already has a paragraph about the answering machine openings which can be expanded some if justified. -Fnlayson (talk) 13:04, 27 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Maybe the messages are not always meaningful, but at the end of season 1 episode 13, Rockford punches a guy in the face and believes he broke his hand. In the next episode, the message is: "It's Doc Jones. What did you do to the hand son? Three fractured knuckles. You hit somebody?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by PlanetObserver (talk • contribs) 03:51, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

List of minor characters per episode seems unnecessary
The "Episodes" section has a huge section detailing which minor characters appear in each episodes. This strikes me as unnecessary, and something that could much better be served as a footnote on the actual episode list page. Thoughts on deleting? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alarumclock (talk • contribs) 04:50, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

Recepetion
New section about reception and reviews? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:7081:5D07:E706:3563:DE46:717C:30F (talk) 02:10, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Rockford Files


text:
Talk:Aryan Republican Army

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tyler Hulan. Peer reviewers: Uriahdavis.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:49, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Several OKC witnesses insisted Brescia is John Doe 2. One famiy even filed a lawsuit to that effect circa 1997. Kwantus 04:13, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Did the FBI think Kenneth Trentadue was part of this group? Kwantus 20:14, 2005 May 26 (UTC)

Is there a source for the "elite military experience" the article mentions? "Elite military experience" reads as if he served US Special Operations Forces in some capacity. I did some googling, and could not find any mentions of military service, let alone service within the SOF community. Is this a mistake, if so, it more than likely is a reference to the paramilitary training he received from members of the Aryan Republican Army.

Here's the exact line taken from the 3rd paragraph, 2nd line. "The sheriff said the Secret Service were seeking the man's help in another investigation involving Michael William Brescia, a member of the Midwest Bank Robbers who is said to have elite military experience."

"Brescia's primary interaction with the right wing militia movement appears to have been spawned by a teenage interest in racist skinhead music." Does anyone else find this a little far fetched? It just seems to me to be an unsourced attack stating that certain types of music caused this man to become a racist criminal. Perhaps change it to merely state he had a teenage interest in racist skinhead music, without calling it the cause of his joining the right wing milita movement. Vindexus 08:29, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

"Midwest Bank Robbers?"
It seems ridiculous for this article to be entitled "Midwest Bank Robbers." While the FBI may have chosen to reference this case by that rather banal title that could be applied to doubtless scores of other cases, at the time the crimes were being committed, they were widely reported to be the work of "the Aryan Republican Army," and the robbers perceived themselves to be operating in the capacity of members of the Aryan Republican Army. It seems the only purpose calling this article "Midwest Bank Robbers" could possibly serve, is in order to make it difficult for people interested in the Aryan Republican Army to be able to find the article. I can't imagine any person sitting down and typing "Midwest Bank Robbers," in the hope of finding the information this article contains, while I'm sure many people have been surprised to type in "Aryan Republican Army," only to discover there is no Wikipedia article about that organization. Actually, there is such an article, but it has been ridiculously given the wrong name, whether out of ignorance, or (as I suspect) PC sensibilities gone wild. I shall be changing this soon, I imagine (but not until I find some additional evidentiary citations with which to beef up this article overall). KevinOKeeffe (talk) 01:37, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Pronouns changing history
Peter’s name was changed to Donna long after being imprisoned. By referring to Peter as Donna throughout makes it seems like a woman was the leader of the Aryan Republican Army. As this was not the case the article is misleading and confusing. Whatever this person’s concept of their true authentic self was at time they committed the crimes they were convicted of, no one referred to them as Donna.

I think the article would be better to just refer to “Peter (now known as Donna)”, acknowledging their change of gender without changing history. 72.132.38.106 (talk) 04:08, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aryan Republican Army


text: User talk:69.21.249.33

title: User talk:69.21.249.33


text:
Louise Shaffer

Louise Shaffer (born July 5, 1942) is an American actress, script writer, and author.

Biography
Shaffer was born in Woodbridge, Connecticut, where she showed an interest in acting early on in her life. After finishing high school, she attended Connecticut College for Women, then Yale Drama School. Shaffer is a coloratura soprano, and was trained at Juilliard.

Actress
Throughout her life, Shaffer has appeared in numerous soap operas, including Search for Tomorrow, Hidden Faces (1968–1969), and Where the Heart Is. From 1975 to 1976, she he played split personality Serena Faraday/Josie on The Edge of Night.

From 1977 to 1984, Shaffer played journalism magnate Rae Woodard on Ryan's Hope and then reprised the role for the show's finale in 1989. In the summer of 1987, she was brought onto All My Children, playing Erica's evil stepmother, Goldie Kane. After several years as a script writer on various soaps, she had brief roles on Guiding Light as Lewis oil client Mrs. Humphreys (1993), and a stint as the judge in the Peter Lewis custody battle (1994).

She was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards for her portrayal of Rae Woodard on Ryan's Hope; she won the award in 1983. In addition to her daytime roles, Shaffer also had a role on the short-lived Norman Lear serialized sitcom All That Glitters.

Author
Shaffer began writing for soap operas instead of acting on them. Since the late 1980s, she has written for Ryan's Hope, Loving, General Hospital, and As the World Turns.

In addition to scriptwriting, Shaffer has written numerous books.

Personal life
Shaffer was formerly married to actor Toby Tompkins. She is currently married to Roger Crews, who also wrote for Ryan's Hope and Search for Tomorrow.

Writing credits

 * All My Children (2000–2002)
 * As the World Turns (1994–2000)
 * General Hospital (1992–1993)
 * Loving (1990–1991)
 * Another World (1989)
 * Ryan's Hope (1987–1989)

title: Louise Shaffer


text:
User talk:Xsoidei

Hello, "Xsoidei" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. -- Infrogmation 04:23, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
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 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

Image source problem with Image:IM001296.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:IM001296.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 16:21, 31 August 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sherool (talk) 16:21, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xsoidei


text:
ARWEN 37

The ARWEN 37 is a less-lethal launcher which fires a variety of 37mm less-lethal munitions which includes direct impact batons, chemical irritant delivery munitions and smoke delivery munitions. The ARWEN 37 has 5-round rotary drum magazine.

History
In 1977 the British government directed their Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) Enfield, then part of the Royal Ordnance Factories, to develop a weapon for effective crowd control that would outperform existing weapon systems.

By 1979 a design team led by Norman Trevor Brint designed three prototypes for consideration:

 * The Enfield XL75E1, which incorporated a pump action
 * The Enfield XL76E1, which incorporated a rotary magazine capable of holding five rounds
 * The Enfield XL77E1, which incorporated a semi automatic box style magazine

After initial testing it was the Enfield XL76E1 which was chosen for further development. As almost all weapons designed or produced at the Royal Small Arms Factory incorporate the letters EN or the word Enfield into their name, and the fact that it featured a 37mm barrel, the Enfield XL76E1 was officially designated the ARWEN 37 (Anti Riot Weapon ENfield).

General production of the first generation of the ARWEN 37, the Mk I, began in 1984 in Enfield, England.

The second generation of the ARWEN 37, the Mk II, were produced in Nottingham, England.

In 2001, all ARWEN trademarks and patents were acquired by the Canadian Police Ordnance Company Inc., who began production of the third generation, or Mk III, variety of the ARWEN 37. The launcher is currently manufactured under license in Canada.

Design
Unlike many 37mm launchers which have a smooth bore, the ARWEN 37 features a rifled barrel.

The launcher features a revolver like rotary magazine which holds five munitions and which allows for a rate of fire of five rounds in four seconds without reloading. The rotary magazine can be manually unloaded or topped up by the user at any time in a rapid manner.

Many ARWEN 37 parts are constructed of anodized aluminum or proprietary polymer so that the overall weight of the launcher can be kept to an absolute minimum.

Because of their unique design, ARWEN munitions (rounds) act as the chamber for the launcher when it is fired. This means that the rotary magazine housing can be designed in such a way that the user can easily look inside of the launcher and instantly identify how many and what type of munitions have been loaded into it, an important safety feature.

Munition Types
The ARWEN 37 is part of a less lethal system which incorporates a variety of less lethal munitions which can be deployed through the same launcher.

The AR-1 munition consists of a proprietary polymer baton which is intended to be deployed at living tissue as a means of inflicting blunt force trauma through direct impact at ranges up to 100 m.

The AR-2 munition consists of an aluminum canister which is intended to deploy a large quantity of pyrotechnic smoke along with a payload of chemical irritant in the form of micronized CS.

The AR-3 munition consists of a proprietary polymer baton which is intended to be deployed at living tissue as a means of inflicting blunt force trauma through direct impact at ranges up to 100 mUnlike the AR-1 munition, the AR-3 also contains a discrete payload of chemical irritant in the form of CS or OC powder which are intended to contaminate the target when struck.

The AR-4 munition consists of an aluminum canister which is intended to deploy a large quantity of pyrotechnic smoke suitable for screening purposes in a variety of colours.

The AR-5 munition consists of a composite plastic projectile which is intended to be fired at a physical obstruction such as a window, door or other barricade. The munition is designed to penetrate and pass through the obstruction at which time it deploys a payload of chemical irritant in the form of micronized CS or OC.

The AR-6 munition consists of either OC or CS chemical irritant powder which is immediately dispersed through the muzzle of the ARWEN when fired and designed to immediately contaminate an individual or area through blast dispersion.

Images

 * ARWEN 37
 * With magazine

title: ARWEN 37


text:
Steven Wallman

Steven Wallman is the former commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Wallman held this position from 1994 to 1997. He has also founded several companies, including Folio Financial, Inc. and Proxy Governance, Inc.

Biography
Steven Wallman was sworn in as a commissioner of the SEC on July 5, 1994, having been appointed by Bill Clinton. Wallman previously was a partner at law firm Covington & Burling. Wallman received a J.D. from Columbia University and a B.S. and M.S. from MIT.

In his time with the SEC, he fought for the "decimalization" of stock prices (i.e., using decimals instead of the then-standard fractions, e.g., $10.25 instead of $10¼) on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and AMEX. After much testing and various pilot programs, the first day of decimalized stock prices took place on March 26, 2001.

Wallman is the founder of several companies, including Folio Financial, Inc. (acquired in 2020 by Goldman Sachs) and Proxy Governance, Inc.

In late September 2008, Wallman published a commentary in the San Francisco Chronicle to help solve the credit crisis without a bailout by using taxpayer-provided funds to make money available to homeowners who live in their homes (and not speculators) to stabilize housing.

Wallman's plan is to provide financial institutions a government guarantee in lieu of any penalties or foreclosure to homeowners that have a mortgage in distress the current or missed payments under the mortgage. When a borrower agrees to have the government take over the mortgage payments, the mortgage company notify the government, then the government to make the payments, and the borrower would sign a note agreeing to repay the government with interest at the same rate currently required under the borrower's mortgage.

In late September 2008, FOLIOfn released a media advisory that Wallman is available to comment on the proposed Proposed bailout of United States financial system.

Wallman currently serves on FINRA's FinTech Industry Committee.

title: Steven Wallman