text:
Levelling

Levelling or leveling (American English; see spelling differences) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points relative to a datum. It is widely used in geodesy and cartography to measure vertical position with respect to a vertical datum, and in construction to measure height differences of construction artifacts.

Optical levelling

Optical levelling, also known as spirit levelling and differential levelling, employs an optical level, which consists of a precision telescope with crosshairs and stadia marks. The cross hairs are used to establish the level point on the target, and the stadia allow range-finding; stadia are usually at ratios of 100:1, in which case one metre between the stadia marks on the level staff (or rod) represents 100   metres from the target.

The complete unit is normally mounted on a tripod, and the telescope can freely rotate 360° in a horizontal plane. The surveyor adjusts the instrument's level by coarse adjustment of the tripod legs and fine adjustment using three precision levelling screws on the instrument to make the rotational plane horizontal. The surveyor does this with the use of a bull's eye level built into the instrument mount.

Procedure

The surveyor looks through the eyepiece of telescope while an assistant holds a vertical level staff which is graduated in inches or centimeters. The level staff is placed vertically using a level, with its foot on the point for which the level measurement is required. The telescope is rotated and focused until the level staff is plainly visible in the crosshairs. In the case of a high accuracy manual level, the fine level adjustment is made by an altitude screw, using a high accuracy bubble level fixed to the telescope. This can be viewed by a mirror whilst adjusting or the ends of the bubble can be displayed within the telescope, which also allows assurance of the accurate level of the telescope whilst the sight is being taken. However, in the case of an automatic level, altitude adjustment is done automatically by a suspended prism due to gravity, as long as the coarse levelling is accurate within certain limits. When level, the staff graduation reading at the crosshairs is recorded, and an identifying mark or marker placed where the level staff rested on the object or position being surveyed.

A typical procedure for a linear track of levels from a known datum is as follows. Set up the instrument within 100 m of a point of known or assumed elevation. A rod or staff is held vertical on that point and the instrument is used manually or automatically to read the rod scale. This gives the height of the instrument above the starting (backsight) point and allows the height of the instrument (H.I.) above the datum to be computed. The rod is then held on an unknown point and a reading is taken in the same manner, allowing the elevation of the new (foresight) point to be computed. The difference between these two readings equals the change in elevation, which is why this method is also called differential levelling. The procedure is repeated until the destination point is reached. It is usual practice to perform either a complete loop back to the starting point or else close the traverse on a second point whose elevation is already known. The closure check guards against blunders in the operation, and allows residual error to be distributed in the most likely manner among the stations.

Some instruments provide three crosshairs which allow stadia measurement of the foresight and backsight distances. These also allow use of the average of the three readings (3-wire leveling) as a check against blunders and for averaging out the error of interpolation between marks on the rod scale.

The two main types of levelling are single-levelling as already described, and double-levelling (double-rodding). In double-levelling, a surveyor takes two foresights and two backsights and makes sure the difference between the foresights and the difference between the backsights are equal, thereby reducing the amount of error. Double-levelling costs twice as much as single-levelling.

Turning a level
When using an optical level, the endpoint may be out of the effective range of the instrument. There may be obstructions or large changes of elevation between the endpoints. In these situations, extra setups are needed. Turning is a term used when referring to moving the level to take an elevation shot from a different location.

To "turn" the level, one must first take a reading and record the elevation of the point the rod is located on. While the rod is being kept in exactly the same location, the level is moved to a new location where the rod is still visible. A reading is taken from the new location of the level and the height difference is used to find the new elevation of the level gun. This is repeated until the series of measurements is completed.

The level must be horizontal to get a valid measurement. Because of this, if the horizontal crosshair of the instrument is lower than the base of the rod, the surveyor will not be able to sight the rod and get a reading. The rod can usually be raised up to 25 feet high, allowing the level to be set much higher than the base of the rod.

Trigonometric levelling

The other standard method of levelling in construction and surveying is called trigonometric levelling, which is preferred when levelling "out" to a number of points from one stationary point. This is done by using a total station, or any other instrument to read the vertical, or zenith angle to the rod, and the change in elevation is calculated using trigonometric functions (see example below). At greater distances (typically 1,000 feet and greater), the curvature of the Earth, and the refraction of the instrument wave through the air must be taken into account in the measurements as well (see section below).

Ex: an instrument at Point A reading to a rod at Point B a zenith angle of < 88°15'22" (degrees, minutes, seconds of arc) and a slope distance of 305.50 feet not factoring rod or instrument height would be calculated thus:

 * cos(88°15'22")(305.5)≈ 9.30 ft.,

meaning an elevation change of approximately 9.30 feet in elevation between Points A and B. So if Point A is at 1,000 feet of elevation, then Point B would be at approximately 1,009.30 feet of elevation, as the reference line (0°) for zenith angles is straight up going clockwise one complete revolution, and so an angle reading of less than 90 degrees (horizontal or flat) would be looking uphill and not down (and opposite for angles greater than 90 degrees), and so would gain elevation.

Refraction and curvature
The curvature of the earth means that a line of sight that is horizontal at the instrument will be higher and higher above a spheroid at greater distances. The effect may be insignificant for some work at distances under 100 meters. The increase in height of a straight line with distance $D$ is:

 * $$\sqrt{D^2+R^2}-R\approx\frac{D^2}{2R}\approx 0.0785\text{ m}(D\text{ in km})^2\approx 0.0239\text{ ft}(D/1000\text{ ft})^2$$

where R is the radius of the earth.

The line of sight is horizontal at the instrument, but is not a straight line because of atmospheric refraction. The change of air density with elevation causes the line of sight to bend toward the earth.

The combined correction for refraction and curvature is approximately:

 * $$ \Delta h_{meters} = 0.067 D_{km} ^2 $$ or $$ \Delta h_{feet} = 0.021 \left(\frac {D_{ft}}{1000} \right)^2 $$

For precise work these effects need to be calculated and corrections applied. For most work it is sufficient to keep the foresight and backsight distances approximately equal so that the refraction and curvature effects cancel out. Refraction is generally the greatest source of error in leveling. For short level lines the effects of temperature and pressure are generally insignificant, but the effect of the temperature gradient dT / dh can lead to errors.

Levelling loops and gravity variations
Assuming error-free measurements, if the Earth's gravity field were completely regular and gravity constant, leveling loops would always close precisely:

 * $$ \sum_{i=0}^n \Delta h_i = 0 $$

around a loop. In the real gravity field of the Earth, this happens only approximately; on small loops typical of engineering projects, the loop closure is negligible, but on larger loops covering regions or continents it is not.

Instead of height differences, geopotential differences do close around loops:

 * $$ \sum_{i=0}^n \Delta h_i g_i, $$

where $$g_i$$ stands for gravity at the leveling interval i. For precise leveling networks on a national scale, the latter formula should always be used.

 * $$ \Delta W_i = \Delta h_i g_i\ $$

should be used in all computations, producing geopotential values $$W_i$$ for the benchmarks of the network.

High precision levelling, especially when conducted over long distances as used for the establishment and maintenance of vertical datums, is called geodetic levelling.

Classical instruments
The dumpy level was developed by English civil engineer William Gravatt, while surveying the route of a proposed railway line from London to Dover. More compact and hence both more robust and easier to transport, it is commonly believed that dumpy levelling is less accurate than other types of levelling, but such is not the case. Dumpy levelling requires shorter and therefore more numerous sights, but this fault is compensated by the practice of making foresights and backsights equal.

Precise level designs were often used for large leveling projects where utmost accuracy was required. They differ from other levels in having a very precise spirit level tube and a micrometer adjustment to raise or lower the line of sight so that the crosshair can be made to coincide with a line on the rod scale and no interpolation is required.

Automatic level
Automatic levels make use of a compensator that ensures that the line of sight remains horizontal once the operator has roughly leveled the instrument (to within maybe 0.05 degree). The compensator consists of small prisms suspended from wires inside of the level's chassis that are connected together in the shape of a pendulum. This allows for only horizontal light rays to enter, even in cases where the telescope of the instrument is not perfectly plumb.

The surveyor sets the instrument up quickly and does not have to re-level it carefully each time they sight on a rod on another point. It also reduces the effect of minor settling of the tripod to the actual amount of motion instead of leveraging the tilt over the sight distance. Because the level of the instrument only needs to be adjusted once per setup, the surveyor can quickly and easily read as many side-shots as necessary between turns. Three level screws are used to level the instrument, as opposed to the four screws historically found in dumpy levels.

Laser level
Laser levels project a beam which is visible and/or detectable by a sensor on the leveling rod. This style is widely used in construction work but not for more precise control work. An advantage is that one person can perform the levelling independently, whereas other types require one person at the instrument and one holding the rod.

The sensor can be mounted on earth-moving machinery to allow automated grading.

title: Levelling


text:
Guararema

Guararema is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 30,136 (2020 est.) in an area of 270.82 km2.

The Florestan Fernandes School of the Landless Workers' Movement is located here.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Guararema


text:
Natural border

A natural border is a border between states or their subdivisions which is concomitant with natural formations such as rivers or mountain ranges. The "doctrine of natural boundaries" developed in Western culture in the 18th century being based upon the "natural" ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and developing concepts of nationalism. The similar concept in China developed earlier from natural zones of control.

Natural borders have historically been strategically useful because they are easily defended. Natural borders remain meaningful in modern warfare even though military technology and engineering have somewhat reduced their strategic value.

Expanding until natural borders are reached, and maintaining those borders once conquered, have been a major policy goal for a number of states. For example, the Roman Republic, and later, the Roman Empire expanded continuously until it reached certain natural borders: first the Alps, later the Rhine river, the Danube river and the Sahara desert. From the Middle Ages onwards until the 19th century, France sought to expand its borders towards the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Rhine River.

Natural borders can be a source of territorial disputes when they shift. One such example is the Rio Grande, which defines part of the border between the United States and Mexico, whose movement has led to multiple conflicts.

Natural borders are not to be confused with landscape borders, which are also geographical features that demarcate political boundaries. Although landscape borders, like natural borders, also take forms of forests, water bodies, and mountains, they are manmade instead of natural. Installing a landscape border, usually motivated by demarcating treaty-designated political boundaries, goes against nature by modifying the borderland's natural geography. For one, China's Song Dynasty built an extensive defensive forest in its northern border to thwart the nomadic Khitan people.

Criticism
In Chapter IV of his 1916 book The New Europe: Essays in Reconstruction, British historian Arnold J. Toynbee criticized the concept of natural borders. Specifically, Toynbee criticized this concept as providing a justification for launching additional wars so that countries can attain their natural borders. Toynbee also pointed out how once a country attained one set of natural borders, it could subsequently aim to attain another, further set of natural borders; for instance, the German Empire set its western natural border at the Vosges Mountains in 1871 but during World War I, some Germans began to advocate for even more western natural borders—specifically ones that extend all of the way up to Calais and the English Channel—conveniently justifying the permanent German retention of those Belgian and French territories that Germany had just conquered during World War I. As an alternative to the idea of natural borders, Toynbee proposes making free trade, partnership, and cooperation between various countries with interconnected economies considerably easier so that there would be less need for countries to expand even further—whether to their natural borders or otherwise. In addition, Toynbee advocated making national borders based more on the principle of national self-determination—as in, based on which country the people in a particular area or territory actually wanted to live in.

title: Natural border


text:
Earthrise (disambiguation)

Earthrise is a famous photograph taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 space mission.

Earthrise may also refer to:

 * Earthrise (1990 video game), a computer game by Interstel
 * Earthrise (album), a 1984 album by the Tandy Morgan Band
 * Earthrise (film), a 2018 documentary by Emmanuel Vaughan-Lee
 * Earthrise (video game), a 2011 massively multiplayer online role-playing game by Masthead Studios
 * Earthrise Engine
 * Earthrise, a TV series on Al Jazeera English
 * Earthrise, the second chapter to 2020's Transformers: War for Cybertron Trilogy cartoon
 * Earthrise, a sub-orbital space "burial" mission by Celestis
 * "Earthrise/Return", a song by Mannheim Steamroller from Fresh Aire V
 * "Earthrise", a song by Camel from Mirage
 * "Earthrise," a song by American rock band Starset on their 2021 album, Horizons
 * Earth phase, astronomical views of Earthrise and related

title: Earthrise (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Anders Skærlund Petersen

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --L$T27 21:53, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Anders Skærlund Petersen


text:
User talk:FC

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --L$T27 21:53, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Content boxes
Are you speaking of the Table of Contents boxes? Those are automatically generated by the software as soon as an article has more than a single heading. Just write a lead and use more than two headings for the main body of the article and you'll be golden. If you are speaking about the summary boxes that are proliferating in the top right corner of many articles around Wikipedia, with repetitious biographical or company information — I REALLY HATE those things. The best way to install one is to find one that suits your uses in a similar article and to copy-and-paste the code from that "Edit This Page" box to the page you are working on... In my opinion, it's way better to come up with an interesting graphic and to write a good caption for it and to use that in the same space, however. Hope this helps. Carrite (talk) 18:04, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:FC


text:
HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265)

HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265) was an offshore patrol vessel of the British Royal Navy. Her main role was the protection of the offshore assets of the United Kingdom, including oil and gas installations and fisheries out to the 200 nmi limit.

She spent much of her time deployed in the South Atlantic as guard ship, patrolling around the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, alternating with her sister ship HMS Leeds Castle (P258). Her long association with the Falkland Islands resulted in the ship's company being given permission to add her name to the roll of honour written in white rocks on the hillside opposite Stanley in 2007.

Design and construction
The Castle-class patrol vessel was designed for fisheries protection and oilfield patrol duties in the United Kingdom's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). They were a follow-on to the interim Island-class patrol vessel which had been ordered in 1975 when the EEZ was extended to 200 miles, and as a result of initial experience with the Islands, was considerably longer in order to improve seakeeping in heavy seas, with the extra length giving greater speed from the same power as the Islands and allowing a large helicopter deck to be fitted.

Dumbarton Castle was 81.0 m long overall and 75.0 m between perpendiculars, with a beam of 11.5 m and a draught of 3.42 m. Displacement was 1350 LT standard and 1550 LT full load. The ship was powered by two Ruston 12RK 320 DM diesel engines rated at 5460 bhp (with a maximum sustained power of 4380 bhp, driving two shafts fitted with controllable pitch propellers. This gave a speed of 20 kn. The ship had a range of 10000 nmi at 12 kn.

The ship was initially armed with a single Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun, although by 1990 this had been replaced by an Oerlikon 30 mm gun on a DS30B mount. The main armament was supplemented by two 7.62 mm machine guns. A large helicopter deck was fitted aft, suitable for landing a Sea King or Chinook helicopter, but no hangar was provided, as the cost of a permanently embarked helicopter would be more than the cost of the ship. She was fitted with Type 1006 navigation radar, which was supplemented with a Type 994 air/surface search radar in 1986, together with a UAN(1) electronic intercept system (based on the Orange Crop system fitted to the Royal Navy's helicopters. The ship had a crew of 6 officers and 39 other ranks, with room for a 25-man detachment of Royal Marines to be carried.

Dumbarton Castle was laid down at Hall, Russell & Company's Aberdeen shipyard as yard number 986 on 25 April 1980 as the second Castle-class patrol vessel. This was in advance of a formal order for the two ships being placed, which did not take place until 8 August that year. She was launched on 3 June 1981, and was completed on 12 March 1982.

Service
Dumbarton Castle commissioned at Rosyth on 26 March 1982, and was assigned the pennant number P265. In April 1982, the Falklands War began when Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April. Dumbarton Castle sailed from her base at Rosyth on 26 April for HMNB Portsmouth to be fitted with additional communications equipment and a desalination plant to better suit her to support the British task force sailing to retake the Falklands. Dumbarton Castle left Portsmouth on 1 May, arriving at Ascension Island on 11 May, where she was employed as a despatch vessel, ferrying stores between Ascension and the Task Force, and between warships of the task force. She returned to Rosyth in August 1982. Dumbarton Castle was awarded the battle honour "Falkland Islands 1982" for her service in the war.

Both Dumbarton Castle and sister ship HMS Leeds Castle (P258) were employed as guardships for the Falklands as well as for more normal fishery protection duties in home waters. In August 1991, Dumbarton Castle relieved Leeds Castle at the start of a three-year deployment to the Falklands, and from 1998 to 2000, carried out another three year deployment to the South Atlantic. In 2001, Dumbarton Castle was converted to serve as a command ship for mine countermeasures vessels

Dumbarton Castle was replaced by the River-class offshore patrol vessel, HMS Clyde (P257), in 2007, returning to Portsmouth after her last patrol on 22 November that year.

Both Dumbarton Castle and her sister were sold to Bangladesh in April 2010. Dumbarton Castle left Portsmouth on 21 May 2010 towed by the tug Multratug 7, for A&P Group facility in Newcastle upon Tyne for a major regeneration project with her sister ship Leeds Castle. The project was completed in December 2010.

In March 2011, Leeds Castle and Dumbarton Castle were recommissioned as BNS Dhaleshwari and BNS Bijoy of the Bangladesh Navy respectively. On 4 August 2020 BNS Bijoy, was damaged in the 2020 Beirut Port Explosions while part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon.

title: HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265)


text: User talk:81.79.125.139

title: User talk:81.79.125.139


text:
Bubbaloo

Bubbaloo is a Latin American brand of bubble gum produced by Canderaria. They are small pieces of bubble gum with a liquid center.

Bubbaloo also contains BHT, an antioxidant food preservative.

Bubbaloo gum includes a variety of flavors, some of them are: Mint, Blueberry March, Strawberry, Cherry, Cola, Green Apple, Grape, Banana, and Tutti Frutt.

History
Bubbaloo was the first bubblegum with a liquid center and made its debut in Mexican and Brazilian markets during the early-1980s. Today, Bubbaloo is sold in more than 25 countries and in three different continents across the world.

Trivia
Mixed-martial arts practitioner and UFC veteran Renato "Babalu" Sobral is nicknamed after Bubbaloo gum.

title: Bubbaloo


text:
Ian Woosnam

Ian Harold Woosnam (born 2 March 1958) is a Welsh professional golfer. Nicknamed "Woosie", Woosnam was one of the "Big Five" generation of European golfers, all born within 12 months of one another, all of whom have won majors, and made Europe competitive in the Ryder Cup. His peers in this group were Seve Ballesteros, Nick Faldo, Bernhard Langer, and Sandy Lyle. Woosnam's major championship win was at the 1991 Masters Tournament. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2017.

Early life
Woosnam was born in the town of Oswestry, Shropshire in England, and his family lived in the nearby village of St Martin's in Shropshire.

Amateur career
Woosnam started playing at the unique Llanymynech Golf Club, which straddles the Wales-England border. He is short for a male golfer at 1.64m, but he is a powerful hitter. He played as an amateur in regional competitions in the English county of Shropshire alongside Sandy Lyle.

Professional career
Woosnam turned professional in 1976 and first played the European Tour in 1979. Woosnam spent his early years on Tour driving around the continent in a camper van, living on a diet of baked beans to save money. After three modest seasons, his career took off in 1982 when he won the Swiss Open and came eighth on the Order of Merit (prize money list). He also finished in the top ten on the Order of Merit every year from 1983 to 1991 and again in 1993, 1996, and 1997, making thirteen times in all. In 1987 and 1990 he was first, and in the former year he set a world record for global tournament earnings of £1,062,662. He has won 28 official money events on the European Tour and many other events around the world.

Woosnam placed third in the 1986 Open Championship. In 1987, Woosnam was criticised by antiapartheid campaigners for playing a tournament in Sun City in apartheid South Africa, in contravention of the United Nations cultural moratorium.

In 1991, he reached the top of the Official World Golf Ranking, eventually spending a total of 50 weeks as World Number 1 (7 April 1991 – 21 March 1992). In the same year, he emulated his British rivals, Sandy Lyle and Nick Faldo, by winning the Masters Tournament; the first person representing Wales to ever win a major championship.

After winning the Torras Monte Carlo Golf Open in 1991, Woosnam had a decline in form in the second half of the year and said that he was suffering from exhaustion after playing in too many tournaments across the world. In December 1991, his sterling silver Masters trophy, a $9,000 copy of the original, was stolen from a British train.

Woosnam's last official European Tour victory was in the 1997 Volvo PGA Championship. In the late 1990s, his form began to fade, but he nearly made a spectacular comeback at The Open Championship in 2001, when he finished third despite suffering a two-stroke penalty for starting the final round with 15 clubs in his bag instead of the allowable maximum of 14. While his caddie, Miles Byrne, was responsible for this error, Woosnam decided at the time not to dismiss him stating: "It is the biggest mistake he will make in his life. He won't do it again. He's a good caddie. I am not going to sack him. He's a good lad." Woosnam did dismiss his caddie two weeks later when, after a night drinking on the town, Byrne failed to turn up to tee-time.

Later in 2001, at the age of 43, Woosnam became the oldest player to win the World Match Play Championship (not an official European Tour event at the time) when he beat Pádraig Harrington 2 & 1 in the final. Woosnam also became the first player to capture the trophy in three different decades, having previously won the World Match Play Championship in 1987 and 1990. Woosnam had a record outward nine holes of 28 (-7) in the 2001 final against Harrington, which tied the tournament record of seven successive birdies in a match.

Woosnam was a member of eight consecutive European Ryder Cup teams from 1983 to 1997. Despite not winning a singles match he accumulated an overall record of 14 wins, 12 losses and 5 halves in 31 matches. He was a vice captain for the 2002 European team and was elected as captain for the 2006 Ryder Cup, leading Europe to victory over the U.S. 18½–9½ at the K Club, County Kildare, Ireland.

On 1 June 2008, Woosnam won his first stroke play title in 11 years at the Parkridge Polish Seniors Championship at Kraków Valley Golf and Country Club, finishing with a course record 63. The tournament was his third appearance on European Seniors Tour, which he joined after turning 50 years old in March 2008. Woosnam went on to win the European Seniors Tour Order of Merit that year becoming the only person to have won the Order of Merit on both the European Seniors Tour and the regular European Tour.

Honours

 * In 1987, Woosnam won BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year awards. He won the award again in 1990 and 1991.
 * Woosnam was awarded an OBE in the 2007 New Years Honours List.
 * In September 2010, he was inducted to the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Woosnam was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in early 1987.

PGA Tour wins (2)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)

European Tour wins (29)
 * Note: Tournament shortened to 54 holes due to rain. 1Co-sanctioned by the PGA Tour of Australasia

European Tour playoff record (3–5)

Korean Tour wins (1)
Korean Tour playoff record (1–0)

Other wins (11)
Other playoff record (1–2)

Champions Tour wins (1)
Champions Tour playoff record (1–0)

European Senior Tour wins (5)
European Senior Tour playoff record (1–1)

Results timeline
Results not in chronological order in 2020.

{{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half way cut (3rd round cut in 1982 and 1984 Open Championships) WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 15 (1989 Masters – 1992 Open Championship)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (1992 U.S. Open – 1992 Open Championship)

Results in The Players Championship
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results in World Golf Championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" = Tied

Results in senior major championships
Results are not in chronological order before 2022.

{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Team appearances

 * World Cup (representing Wales): 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987 (team and individual winner), 1990, 1991 (individual winner), 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003
 * Hennessy Cognac Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1982 (winners), (representing Wales) 1984
 * Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 1983, 1985 (winners), 1987 (winners), 1989 (tied – cup retained), 1991, 1993, 1995 (winners), 1997 (winners), 2006 (winners, non-playing captain)
 * Alfred Dunhill Cup (representing Wales): 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, 2000
 * Four Tours World Championship (representing Europe): 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990
 * Seve Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2000, 2002 (winners)
 * UBS Cup (representing the Rest of the World): 2001, 2002, 2003 (tie), 2004
 * Royal Trophy (representing Europe): 2006 (winners)

title: Ian Woosnam


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Colleen Bevis Elementary School

Colleen Bevis Elementary School
Unnotable elementary school. Substub. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 22:00, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonnotable, created by a troll to cause trouble.  RickK 04:31, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unnecessary inclusion. --*drew 04:33, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is nothing to indicate notability in this article. Average Earthman 15:03, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not demonstrated in article. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 20:42, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trollstub.  Postdlf 06:24, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete this and the 4 schools after it. --Improv 21:21, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable. anthony (see warning) 21:45, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable school, just a school. Geogre 02:24, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Why are schools not notable? anthony (see warning) 02:54, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Transforms

title: Category:Transforms


text:
Alec McCowen

Alexander Duncan McCowen, (26 May 1925 – 6 February 2017) was an English actor. He was known for his work in numerous film and stage productions.

Early life
McCowen was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, the son of Mary (née Walkden), a dancer, and Duncan McCowen, a shopkeeper. He attended The Skinners' School in Tunbridge Wells - he was known as 'Squeaker' McCowan by his friends - and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Early theatre work
McCowen first appeared on stage at the Repertory Theatre, Macclesfield, in August 1942 as Micky in Paddy the Next Best Thing. He appeared in repertory in York and Birmingham 1943–45, and toured India and Burma in a production of Kenneth Horne's West End comedy Love in a Mist during 1945 with the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). He continued in repertory 1946–49, during which time he played a season at St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.

He made his London debut on 20 April 1950 at the Arts Theatre as Maxim in Anton Chekhov's Ivanov, and made his first appearances on the New York City stage at the Ziegfeld Theatre on 19 December 1951 as an Egyptian Guard in Caesar and Cleopatra, and on 20 December 1951 as the Messenger in Antony and Cleopatra. Following a series of roles at the Arts and with the Repertory Players, he had rising success as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in Moulin Rouge at the then New Theatre, Bromley, and appeared as Barnaby Tucker in The Matchmaker at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, both 1954.

After appearances as Dr Bird in The Caine Mutiny Court Martial at the London Hippodrome in 1956, and Michael Claverton-Ferry in T. S. Eliot's The Elder Statesman, first at the Edinburgh Festival in 1958, then at the Cambridge Theatre, he joined the Old Vic Company for its 1959–60 season, among several parts taking the title role in Richard II, then stayed on for the 1960–61 season to play Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet, Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Malvolio in Twelfth Night.

He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in September 1962, appearing at Stratford-upon-Avon playing Antipholus of Syracuse in The Comedy of Errors and the Fool to Paul Scofield's King Lear, subsequently appearing in both plays at the Aldwych Theatre in December 1962 – performing these roles again for a British Council tour of the Soviet Union, Europe and the United States from February to June 1964. With the RSC he also played "the gruelling role" of Father Riccardo Fontana in Rolf Hochhuth's controversial play The Representative at the Aldwych in December 1963.

Later theatre work
He enjoyed a career breakthrough at the Mermaid Theatre in April 1968 as Fr. William Rolfe in Hadrian the Seventh, winning his first Evening Standard Award as Best Actor for the London production and a Tony nomination after the transfer to Broadway.

At the Royal Court in August 1970, McCowen was cast to play the title role in Christopher Hampton's sophisticated comedy, The Philanthropist. If a philanthropist is literally someone who likes people, McCowen's Philip was a philologist with a compulsive urge not to hurt people's feelings – the inverse of Molière's The Misanthrope. Following enthusiastic reviews the production played to packed houses and transferred to the Mayfair Theatre where it ran for a further three years, making it the Royal Court's most successful straight play. McCowen and his co-star Jane Asher went with it to Broadway in March 1971 where he won the 1971 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance.

His next big successes were in National Theatre Company productions at the Old Vic. In February 1973 he co-starred with Diana Rigg in Molière's The Misanthrope for which he won his second Evening Standard award; followed in July 1973 by the role of psychiatrist Martin Dysart ("played on a knife edge of professional skill and personal disgust by McCowen", according to Irving Wardle reviewing for The Times) in the world premiere of Peter Shaffer's Equus.

McCowen devised and directed his own solo performance of the complete text of the St. Mark's Gospel, for which he received international acclaim and another Tony nomination. It opened first at the Riverside Studios in January 1978 before beginning a long West End season at the Mermaid Theatre then at the Comedy Theatre. Taking the production to New York, he appeared at the Marymount Manhattan and Playhouse theatres.

Christopher Hampton's stage adaptation of George Steiner's novel The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H. at the Mermaid in 1982 gave McCowen a great final speech, an attempted vindication of racial extermination delivered by Adolf Hitler, which for Guardian critic Michael Billington was "one of the greatest pieces of acting I have ever seen: a shuffling, grizzled, hunched, baggy figure, yet suggesting the monomaniac power of the Nuremberg Rallies, inhabiting the frail vessel of this old man's body." It was a performance that also won him his third Evening Standard Best Actor award, a record equalled only by Laurence Olivier and Paul Scofield.

Two years later, again at the Mermaid, McCowen gave a portrayal of the British poet Rudyard Kipling in a one-man play by Brian Clark, performed in a setting that exactly matched Kipling's own study at Bateman's (his Jacobean rustic haven in Sussex) "and turning", as Michael Billington wrote, "an essentially private man into a performer." McCowen appeared in the play on Broadway and on television for Channel 4.

Directing
While preparing to co-star as Vladimir to John Alderton's Estragon in Michael Rudman's acclaimed production of Waiting for Godot at the National Theatre in November 1987, McCowen also spent a busy autumn staging Martin Crimp's trilogy of short plays Definitely the Bahamas at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond upon Thames, having previously enjoyed Crimp's style of writing in a BBC radio version of Three Attempted Acts. As Charles Spencer wrote in The Daily Telegraph: "As a director McCowen captures both the subtlety and the richness of these three original and beautifully written plays."

At the Hampstead Theatre in December 1972 he directed a revival of Terence Rattigan's wartime London comedy While the Sun Shines.

Film and television
McCowen made his film debut in The Cruel Sea released in 1953. His other film credits include roles in Town on Trial (1957), A Night to Remember (1958), The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962), The Witches (1966), Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy (1972), Travels with My Aunt (1972, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination), Never Say Never Again (1983) in which he played the opinionated secret service quartermaster, "Q", named Algynon, Personal Services  (1987) and Henry V (1989).

Television roles included the BBC's four-part adaptation of J. B. Priestley's Angel Pavement (1958), and his one-man stage performance of The Gospel According to Saint Mark, transferred to television by Thames for Easter 1979.

He appeared alongside Maureen Lipman and Arthur Askey performing comic monologues in The Green Tie on the Little Yellow Dog, which was recorded 1982, and broadcast by Channel 4 in 1983.

He appeared in the BBC Television Shakespeare series as Malvolio in Twelfth Night and as Chorus in Henry V. In 1984 and 1985 McCowen starred in the ten episodes of the short-lived television series Mr Palfrey of Westminster as a "spy catcher" working for British intelligence under the direction of a female boss (played by Caroline Blakiston).

His one-man performance as Rudyard Kipling was broadcast on television in 1984. His later appearances included playing Albert Speer and Rudolf Hess in the BBC docudramas The World Walk in 1984 and 1985, and as astronomer Sir Frank Dyson in Longitude in 2000. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1989, when he was surprised by Michael Aspel at the Strand Theatre in London. He was annoyed when no mention was made of his long-term male partner, fellow actor Geoffrey Burridge and threatened to stop the show from being broadcast. The dispute was resolved by the host, Michael Aspel, adding a voiceover over the final credits acknowledging the relationship.

Literature
McCowen published his first volume of autobiography, Young Gemini in 1979, followed a year later by Double Bill (Elm Tree Books).

Personal life
His partner, the actor Geoffrey Burridge, died from AIDS complications in 1987.

Death
McCowen died, aged 91, on 6 February 2017 and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.

Filmography

 * The Cruel Sea (1953) – Tonbridge
 * The Divided Heart (1954) – Reporter
 * The Deep Blue Sea (1955) – Ken Thompson
 * Private's Progress (1956) – 2nd Medical Orderly (uncredited)
 * The Long Arm (1956) – House Surgeon
 * Town on Trial (1957) – Peter Crowley
 * Time Without Pity (1957) – Alec Graham
 * The Good Companions (1957) – Albert Oakroyd
 * The One That Got Away (1957) – Duty Officer, Hucknall
 * The Silent Enemy (1958) – Able Seaman Morgan
 * A Night to Remember (1958) – Wireless Operator Harold Thomas Cottam – Carpathia
 * The Doctor's Dilemma (1958) – Redpenny
 * A Midsummer Night's Dream (1959) – Bottom (voice)
 * The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962) – Brown
 * In the Cool of the Day (1963) – Dickie Bayliss
 * The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965) – (uncredited)

 * The Witches (1966) – Alan Bax
 * The Hawaiians (1970) – Micah Hale
 * Frenzy (1972) – Chief Inspector Oxford
 * Travels with My Aunt (1972) – Henry Pulling
 * Stevie (1978) – Freddy
 * Hanover Street (1979) – Major Trumbo
 * Twelfth Night (1980) – Malvolio
 * Forever Young (1983) – Father Vincent
 * Never Say Never Again (1983) – 'Q' Algy
 * The Young Visiters (1984) – J.M. Barrie
 * The Assam Garden (1985) – Mr. Philpott
 * Personal Services (1987) – Wing Commander Morten
 * Cry Freedom (1987) – Acting High Commissioner
 * Henry V (1989) – Bishop of Ely
 * The Age of Innocence (1993) – Sillerton Jackson
 * Gangs of New York (2002) – Reverend Raleigh (final film role)

List of theatre roles

 * Sir Henry Harcourt-Reilly in The Cocktail Party, Phoenix Theatre, July 1986;
 * Nikolai in Brian Friel's Turgenev adaptation Fathers and Sons, National Theatre, July 1987;
 * Vladimir in Waiting for Godot, National Theatre, November 1987;
 * Harry Rivers in Jeffrey Archer's Exclusive, Strand Theatre, September 1989,
 * George in A Single Man, Greenwich Theatre, June 1990;
 * Jack in Brian Friel's Dancing at Lughnasa, Abbey Theatre, Dublin and National Theatre, October 1990; Phoenix Theatre, March 1991; and Garrick Theatre, December 1991;
 * Caesar in Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra, Greenwich Theatre, February 1992,
 * Michael in Someone Who'll Watch Over Me, Hampstead Theatre, July 1992; Vaudeville Theatre, September 1992; the Booth Theatre, New York, November 1992 to June 1993;
 * Edward Elgar in David Pownall's Elgar's Rondo, RSC The Pit, May 1994;
 * Prospero in The Tempest RSC Barbican Theatre, July 1994;
 * Reginald Pager (a retired opera singer) in Ronald Harwood's Quartet, Yvonne Arnaud Theatre and Albery Theatre, September 1999 – January 2000.

Honours
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1972 New Year Honours and promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1986 New Year Honours.

On 2 May 2017 McCowen was accorded a memorial service at St. Paul's Church in Covent Garden (known as "the actors' church"), conducted by the Reverend Simon Grigg. McCowen's nephew, Reverend Nigel Mumford, read an affectionate remembrance from McCowen's sister Jean Mumford's memoirs titled "Childhood memories of Pantos". The tribute was read by Dame Penelope Wilton, followed by a tribute from the playwright Christopher Hampton. Rebecca Trehearn sang "Bill" from Show Boat, which was followed by a tribute from the theatre critic Michael Billington and a tribute by the actor Malcolm Sinclair. After final prayers a plaque to McCowen was dedicated by Grigg to the left of the altar.

title: Alec McCowen


text:
Category:Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture

Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Shizuoka Prefecture.

title: Category:Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture


text:
Dragon's teeth

Dragon's teeth or dragon's tooth may refer to:

 * Dragon's teeth (mythology), in Greek mythology; once planted, each tooth grew into an armed warrior.

Books

 * Dragon's Teeth: A Novel, an 1878 realist novel by José Maria de Eça de Queiroz
 * The Dragon's Teeth, a 1939 mystery novel by Ellery Queen
 * Dragon's Teeth (novel), a 1942 Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel by Upton Sinclair
 * Dragon's teeth: the background, contents and consequences of the North Atlantic Pact, 1949 non-fiction book by Konni Zilliacus
 * "Dragons' Teeth" (short story), a 1977 fantasy short story by David Drake
 * The Dragon's Teeth?, a 1982 American book by Benjamin S. Kelsey
 * The Dragon's Tooth, a 2011 fantasy novel by N.D. Wilson
 * Dragon's Teeth Mountains, a fictional mountain range in the Shannara series of books
 * Dragon Teeth, a posthumous novel by late Michael Crichton (published in May 2017)
 * Pull the Dragon Tooth (novel) a Mice king fantasy story by Geronimo Stilton.

Other media

 * "The Dragon's Teeth" (radio), a 1941 radio story
 * "Dragon's Teeth" (Star Trek: Voyager), a 1999 television episode
 * Dragon's Tooth (video game), a 1986 British video game
 * Dragon's Teeth, the fourth expansion pack for the video game Battlefield 4

Places

 * Dragons Teeth (Antarctica), a small group of rocks in Antarctica
 * Dragon's Teeth Gate, a craggy granite outcrop in Singapore
 * Dragon's Tooth (Virginia), a trail landmark in Virginia

Other uses

 * Dragon's teeth (fortification), anti-tank obstacles
 * Dragon's teeth (plant), a plant species in the genus Lotus
 * Dragon's Teeth (traffic), a series of calibrated lines painted on a road surface to enforce a speed limit

title: Dragon's teeth


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs whose title does not appear in the lyrics (0th nomination)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

List of songs whose title does not appear in the lyrics
Utterly ridiculous list, just as incompletable as List of songs and far less useful to anyone. Sarge Baldy 22:04, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. Gazpacho 22:11, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I believe this has survived VfD once already - David Gerard 22:22, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It seems you're correct, and I'd straight up withdraw the nomination except that I see that vote was a good 6 months ago and only by a vote of 2-1. That's enough for me to warrant a retrial. Sarge Baldy 22:29, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The uselessness of this is akin to a list of movies that don't have title lines. Ian Pugh 22:48, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Change to Keep, after deliberation and reading other votes. I still don't really agree with the usefulness of the article, but I think it might be a nice way to draw in new users ("Oh, I know a song that's not on here," and so forth). Ian Pugh 00:55, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, most definitely. It's been through VfD before, as David Gerard pointed out (although admittedly because it was listed by a moron who proposed the deletion of 107 articles...); plus, it's obviously of interest to someone given that it's got a 28 section discussion page and has been pretty consistently updated for a good eighteen months. Kinitawowi 23:10, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep I happened to stumble across this earlier and found it useful... Jelly441 23:28, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I find the "list of songs" articles to be some of the best maintained on wikipedia. - RedWordSmith 23:39, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mikkalai 23:53, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Another point I should bring up is just how objective the subject matter is, excluding both instrumentals and certain songs from the list because their title is "implied" somehow within the song. Therefore the page does not even accurately correspond to its title. Sarge Baldy 00:14, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * There are always disputes as to what qualifies to go on any page. Propose a renaming to List of songs which have no allusions to their titles or some such, but I don't see that there's a need to VfD it because of that issue. Furthermore, I have to ask; would you have brought up this point if the debate wasn't 4 1/2 - 3 against (at time of typing)? Kinitawowi 00:31, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Clearly not. I didn't try much for an argument up top because I didn't expect much resistance, considering the lack of support for List of songs. And no, that's hardly my primary issue with the article, but I felt it was worth mentioning anyway. Sarge Baldy 00:45, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, once again. How is it possible that this article has more keep votes than List of songs ? Wyllium 00:27, 2004 Oct 3 (UTC)
 * Keep; I for one have wanted a list of these for years. Andrew Levine 02:41, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Nothing of note User:MartinSpamer
 * Keep. interesting. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 06:00, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Again, usefulness is subjective and is never a valid reason to delete. • Benc • 08:18, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not a lack of usefulness that annoys me so much as that probably the majority of songs don't list their title amongst the lyrics and therefore there is very little of note about the titles listed here. I don't understand the point of a list that hardly weeds out much anything that would appear in a much larger list. I know (literally) thousands of songs I could include here, and I find little special about the concept behind it. Plus the idea that songs whose name in some editors mind relate enough to the music behind the song (without the lyrics remotely resembling them, in most cases) are excluded from the list, without even giving any explanation for the decision. Would someone care to explain how exactly Unchained Melody or Bohemian Rhapsody can be "derived" from the music accompaniment of the song? Does the title Sympathy for the Devil not sum up properly the point of the song behind it? Aren't all songs intended to be represented by their titles? Could someone at least attempt to explain to me why a song whose title does not appear in the lyrics should not be listed under a list of song whose title does not appear in the lyrics because according to someone the general feel of the song represents the title? Sarge Baldy 11:34, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think you greatly misunderstand the rule that prevents Bohemian Rhapsody from being on the list. It's not simply about the title vaguely representing the song, which, as you say, would be a pretty empty restriction.  Theme From Flood is the theme from Flood.  Sympathy for the Devil is not itself sympathy for the devil — it's a song expressing sympathy for the devil.  This rule has nothing to do with the music being "derivable" from the title. Factitious 20:19, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Its sheer length shows that it is not a list of notable things. Jongarrettuk 15:44, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep (interesting) Sietse 17:30, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - how many times is it for this page? This is at least the third.  Smerdis of Tlön 18:20, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually it's only the second, and the first time it was nominated amongst dozens of other lists, and only three votes were tallied over it. Sarge Baldy 20:21, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've just found the third, in VfD Precedents. Kinitawowi 14:25, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - is this information notable? How about a "list of songs that employ the zanzithophone", or a list of "cops named Albert"? Uselessness of information is a good reason for deletion, if the information is useless enough: that's why we delete vanity pages and listings of high schools. ClockworkTroll 20:11, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'd be interested in seeing a list of songs that employ the zanzithophone, though I'm not qualified to create one. Factitious 23:27, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Heh - well, Neutral Milk Hotel uses one in their album In the Aeroplane over the Sea - very important in the indy music scene. That's the only one I know off hand. ClockworkTroll 00:28, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, assuming it is in fact a VfD relisting. Pages should only be relisted on VfD under unusual circumstances. There should either have been a) a clear change in Wikipedia policy, or good reason to believe there's been a change in the general views of the Wikipedian community; or b) an obvious change in the article for the worse; or c) fresh evidence of some kind of extraordinary irregularity in the original VfD discussion, vote, or disposition. None of these seems to apply to this page. It seems to have much the same sort of content as it did a year ago, and seems to be very actively maintained and edited. The editors appear to have evolved clear editorial principles. The page looks stupid to me, but that's irrelevant. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 20:21, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Dpbsmith: That's very well-written and cogent argument. Nice work. ClockworkTroll 20:33, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not at all encyclopedic. I wholeheartedly disagree with Dpbsmith. Pages should be relisted on VfD provided a) Sufficient time has passed, b) Someone feels that it is worth removing, and c) There is reason to think that the verdict may be different. The community should be free to reconsider decisions it made in the past. Beyond my reply to Dpbsmith, my delete vote is based on the fact that it's not notable and not encyclopedic. --Improv 21:24, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No, no and no. Define "sufficient time", someone thought it was worth removing last time and got voted down, and what's the reason for thinking there would be a different verdict? Kinitawowi 08:08, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, yes, and yes :) (sorry, too funny not to poke fun). Sufficient time isn't well defined yet -- I'd think about 2 months should be enough. There may be many reasons to think the verdict may change -- the population of wikipedia changes over time, and there were very few votes last time, which suggests the decision isn't as stable as it might have been, which is why I think it met my third criterion. Votes are not binding forever on Wikipedians. --Improv 14:06, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh good, we can have this conversation all over again a month or two from now. — Bill 16:24, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I actually agree with Dpbsmith for the most part; however, as it has been said, it was tossed in with so many other lists only 2 votes past the nomination were cast, which is hardly enough to determine where users of Wikipedia in general want the article to remain. Sarge Baldy 23:24, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * It was obviously enough at the time; why isn't it now? Kinitawowi 08:08, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, interesting reference. -Sean Curtin 23:03, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 00:13, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * '''Keep. along with list of songs.
 * Vote posted by Capitalistroadster. —tregoweth 15:53, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. —tregoweth 15:42, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I couldn't care less about popular songs, but this might be of interest to sociologists, linguists and certain kinds of mathematicians. — Bill 23:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How do you figure, Bill? What kinds of mathematicics describe the behavior of songs whose title does not appear in their lyrics? ClockworkTroll 04:11, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Self-referentiality and its reverse, so to speak, pop up in all kinds of mathematical contexts: set theory, statistics, chaos theory, network theory, etc. I admit this particular item is a bit of a long shot in all that, but it could be useful beyond the limited world of people curious about song title trivia. — Bill 16:20, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Good response, Bill - I will have to learn more about those subjects before I can agree or disagree, though. Also, in reading my last comment I realize I may come off somewhat rude. Although you gave no indication of having been offended, I feel I owe you an apology anyway. Rudeness was not my intent at all. ClockworkTroll 17:54, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. One of the reasons that make Wikipedia so great is unusual lists like this. No[[User_talk:norm|rm]] 23:10, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

contributing to it. Factitious 23:25, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, I've used this list a few times, and just browsed it. Its certainly an interesting idea.  Whats the big issue with keeping stuff these days?  — siro  χ  o  04:59, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Considering the vast majority of songs I know of that don't include the title in the lyrics, I find it an extremely strange thing to list separately from List of songs by name. Sarge Baldy 05:18, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Really? I tried to think of some because I wanted to test the usefulness and completeness of the list. After sleeping on it I could only come up with two: "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" and "The 59th Street Bridge Song." Then I checked and found that the list excludes "Titles that are descriptive of the song and therefore not expected to appear in the lyric," and even used "The 59th Street Bridge Song" as an example. I'm astonished they were able to find so many. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:03, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yep, I find it rather unusual within my music to find the title within the lyrics, although I do realize with most popular radio tunes the opposite is the general rule. Sarge Baldy 00:28, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * You should consider adding some of those songs to the list, then. Factitious 20:19, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. As much as this list isn't useful, it provides useless trivia, which some people like. --Beau99 05:26, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Ropers 22:50, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This page has been of use to me, and I've spent some time
 * Keep or BJAODN. Rickyrab 00:31, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It could indeed be a nice long list. Heck, it could be 85% of the titles on AMG.  That makes it kind of utterly useless. Geogre 02:27, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I just found this vote because I figured that Wikipedia would have a good list of songs that have bizarre names, and I was right. Don't make me wrong.  Perhaps it could use some sort of redefinition to match the editorial standards, but a list of songs like "Baba O'riley" and "Subterranean Homesick Blues" is an interesting resource that many would use. 134.173.57.9 04:56, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's interesting. Decrypt3 18:22, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a Wikipedia classic. True, if an anon created it today it would be speedied, but it's too big to stop it now. JFW | T@lk  19:14, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a perfect waste of time that occupies minds that would otherwise be bent on mischief. Wetman 04:01, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for something similar to the reason Wetman stated. People enjoy it, and I think that newer Wikipedia writers can get practice on their Wiki skills by playing with it--as well as practice in Wiki-negotiation, editing without flaming.  This might not be The Grand Purpose Of Wikipedia, but I think the page doesn't pose any problems to Wikipedia as a whole. Thirdreel 21:42, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:DamienJullemier~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --John Kerry +John Edwards 2004 22:05, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called DamienJullemier. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name DamienJullemier~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:19, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:DamienJullemier~enwiki


text:
VRC

VRC may refer to:
 * Vaccine Research Center
 * Vancouver Rowing Club, formed in 1886
 * Veteran Reserve Corps
 * Victoria Racing Club
 * VRC Oaks
 * Videogame Rating Council, rating games for Sega of America
 * Vex Robotics Competition
 * Great Britain Volunteer Rifle Corps of Volunteer Force
 * Vulnerability and Risk Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers
 * VRChat

title: VRC


text: Category:Elections in Iran

title: Category:Elections in Iran


text:
Guaratinguetá

Guaratinguetá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 122,505 (2020 est.) in an area of 752.64 km2. It is located in the region of Vale do Paraíba; prominent individuals from the area include Saint Frei Galvão, Brazilian President Rodrigues Alves and the cardiologist Dr Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini. The name of the city derives from the words in the Tupi language: gûyra (heron), tinga (white) and etá (many), resulting in Gûyrating'etá (meeting of white herons).

The municipality contains part of the 292000 ha Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.

History
Since early times, Guaratinguetá was known by the Indians of the region for the abundance of herons that lived on the edges of the Paraíba do Sul river. The first Portuguese settlers arrived at the end of the 16th century, after rumours of mineral wealth hidden in Serra da Mantiqueira, in the lands known today as Minas Gerais. The settlement of the region began in 1628, with the donation of lands by Jacques Felix and his children. On June 13, 1630, construction began of a chapel, that was registered first in Livro-Tombo da Matriz of Santo Antonio.

On February 13, 1651, by intervention of Captain Domingos Leme, a village was raised for the Saint Antonio of Guaratinguetá, with the opening of the main road. By tradition, the pillory was also raised. During the 18th century, Guaratinguetá became the main point of supply for the gold miners coming from Minas Gerais as commerce on the route developed. During that period, the foreign travellers who had passed through there perpetuated the image of Guaratinguetá, as much in books as in paintings, and the village grew. The few narrow streets were filled by people at the end of the century on Sundays, holidays, and religious celebrations.

Guaratinguetá entered a more religious significance in 1717. In 1757, it held the second biggest party in Louvor to a Saint in the city. Diogo Antônio de Feijó, future priest and regent of the empire of Dom Pedro II, studied in Guaratinguetá with the Manoel Frank Gonçalves during the years of 1795 and 1798.

In the 19th century, Guaratinguetá grew in coffee production, at the same time as it suffered a decline of sugar production. During the Brazilian independence, Dom Pedro I spend the night in the city on August 18 of 1822, stimulating more economic development, and more growth in the coffee industry. The village became a city in 1844, and was incorporated in 1852. During this time, coffee was used as a hard currency, and the daily life of the city was changed forever. It raised man power in the farms, the city grew, and the children of the farmers were sent to study. Commercial merchandise came by donkey to the port of Parati and grew even more.

Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, born on July 7, 1848, was the council member of the empire, a member of the Chamber of Deputies, president of the Province of São Paulo and twice President of the Republic (Brazil). He was inaugurated by a daily O Mosaico, Development came with the iron horse in 1877 with the construction made way for the immigrants who came to substitute man power. The end of the 19th century marked the inauguration of a theater Carlos Gomes, Da Ponte Metálica, the Banco Popular, the market, the water supply, the urban net of sewer and the installation of the first pertained Grupo Escolar in the city in the building Dr. Flamínio Lessa.

In the 20th century lands became exhausted from over farming, and coffee production declined. The fall extensive farming brought a new economic focus of industrialization and the return to commerce. Education became another focus with the installation of the Escola de Especialista de Aeronáutica (School of Specialist of Aeronautics), the campus of UNESP with the Faculdade de Engenharia (College of Engineering) of the Faculdade de tecnologia (College of Technology FATEC), and the SENAC. Tourism is also important, with the increase of popularity of Frei Galvão, the visitation of caves, and the local churches and monasteries. Inside the city itself, there are many colonial houses with the beautiful architecture of the last century. In addition to this, Agricultural tourism and Eco-Tourism are becoming popular, owing to the beauty of the wilderness and agricultural areas.

Transportation
The city is served by Edu Chaves Airport.

Data
(Source: IBGE/ 2014 - IBGE)

Total population: 118 378 hab. (SP: 62º)
 * Urban: 109.012
 * Rural: 9.366
 * Male: 52.895
 * Female: 65.483

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Guaratinguetá


text: Category:Elections in Israel

title: Category:Elections in Israel


text: Category:Elections in Iraq

title: Category:Elections in Iraq


text:
File:Sbot mobile robot.jpeg

Image of the Sbot mobile robot.

This picture has been taken by Francesco Mondada and Michael Bonani.

title: File:Sbot mobile robot.jpeg


text:
Guaraçaí

Guaraçaí is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. Its estimated population is of 8,290 inhabitants (as of 2020) in an area of 569.197 km² and its elevation is of 440.22 m above the sea level.

The municipality contains 32.46% of the 9044 ha from the Aguapeí State Park, created in 1998.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1948.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Guaraçaí


text:
Talk:Short I (Cyrillic)

Is the correct name "I korotkaya" or "I kratkoye"? I've found both on Wikipedia. —Michael Z. 22:10, 2004 Oct 2 (UTC)
 * AFAIK it's "I kratkoye" -Iopq 04:42, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

"I kratkoye" is correct. kratkoye is the neuter form of adjective kratkiy. Letters are neuter in gender. Kratkaya is the feminine form, and therefore is incorrect. However due to vowel reduction the word kratkoye sounds very like kratkaya, so perhaps the person who wrote "I kratkaya" was using a more phonetical rendering. This is still incorrect as transliteration from Russian does not represent vowel reduction. Also, an alternative spelling is "kratkoe".

Secondly, I am not sure about the second name of the letter in Ukrainian. I have only heard it called Йот (Yot), or just by it's sound (like how a child would call the letter Y in English, yuh). Ий, I have never heard. And surely it wouldn't be called that considering it is a short UkrainianI, not a short Ukrainian И? Hryts 12:46, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * if you said йот, the pronunciation of о makes the long o, й makes the y sound, т makes the t sound all in English 66.58.219.246 (talk) 17:06, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

 * I've heard three different ways of naming the Ukrainian letters, but I don't know exactly when or where they were used. I gather the correct modern naming is a, be, ve, he, ge, de, e, je....  I think in pre-war Galicia it may have been a, be, vu, ha , ge, de, e, je....  I've also heard the child-like version taught, pronounced like the Bulgarian alphabet with schwas in the consonants a, bə, və, hə, gə, də, e, je....  I think this is where yj (ий) comes from, perhaps to emphasize its unique identity as a semivowel, and because jə could be confused with je or ja.  —Michael Z. 2006-07-17 17:11 Z

Not Ий but Й
In Ukrainian this letter is not called [ɪj]. Sometimes it is called simply [j] without any vovel.

What About Short I In English?
Why isn't there any information here about that? I thought "short I" refered to "I" when used to make the sound it makes in words like "pin" or "limb" as opposed to the "I" in "pine" or "lime". I'm particularly interested to know if there are any words (can't think of any) that end in that sound (I as in pin). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.188.31.229 (talk) 23:59, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * This Short I (Й, й) is about the Slavic letter, not the English. The letter never makes a syllable and therefore can never be stressed, it's a semivowel /j/, not a vowel. "I" in "pin" is stressed. It can be compared to "y" in "day" where [i] is part of a diphthong, not a separate syllable. There are other examples in the body of the article. --Atitarev (talk) 05:37, 11 September 2008 (UTC)
 * As a vowel phoneme in English, the "short i" in pin is never found at the end of a word. See checked vowel for more information.  — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi]  07:27, 11 September 2008 (UTC)
 * That's right, it's just a comparison. Russian combinations of vowels + й sounds very much like English diphthongs /eɪ/, /aɪ/, etc. not insisting it's the same sound. Atitarev (talk) 11:29, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Й and iotation.
Could it be said that Й represents iotation? It seems to me that whenever Й is added to a vowel it adds iotation to the end of the vowel while E, ё, Я and ю represent the initial iotification of э, a and У, respectively. Does anyone agree with this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.96.209.66 (talk) 01:35, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

АӐӒА̄ӘӚБВГҐӶЃӺҒҔДԀԂЂЕЀЕ̄ЄЁЁ̄ӖҼҾЖҖӁӜЗҘӞԐӠЅԄԆИІЇӀЙӢЍҊӤЈКЌҚҜҞҠӃԚЛЉԈԒӅМӍНЊҢҤӇԊӉОҨӦО̄ӨӪПԤҦРҎСҪТЋԌҬԎУЎӮӰӲҮҰФХҲӼӾҺЦЧҴҶҸӋӴЏШЩЪЫӸЫ̄ЬҌЭӬЭ̄ЮЮ̄ЯЯ̄ԜѠѢѤѦѨѪѬѮѰѲѴѶѸѺѼѾҀ 178.88.205.10 (talk) 10:24, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

eekrat kye (икрат кай or ikrat kaj) i is my way 66.58.219.246 (talk) 17:53, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

it says Cyrillic letter s 66.58.219.246 (talk) 02:23, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

OOO
АӘБВГҒДЕЁЖЗИЙКҚЛМНҢОӨПРСТУҰҮФХҺЦЧШЩЬЫІЪЭЮЯ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.150.228.58 (talk) 11:55, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

Page move to Short I (Cyrillic)
The current page name, Short I, does not sufficiently indicate the article is referring to the Cyrillic letter as "Short I" also refers to the vowel ⟨ɪ⟩ in English. In fact, Short i (with the i lowercase) redirects to Vowel length. The name of the article should instead by Short I (Cyrillic). While the disambiguator may appear redundant, it is appropriately present in the page name of Short U (Cyrillic) for the same reason regarding vowel length. Bernardgeorgeh (talk) 15:37, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Short I (Cyrillic)


text:
User talk:Stephane.magnenat

Sbot
Good work on the Sbot, but I think you should expand the intro a little bit. I am not myself familiar with the concept, but I have a friend who worked on it during a semester project. You do not cleary explain that the purpose of these robots is team-work and that they must group together to execute tasks they cannot do on their own. Of course, the pictures are a hint, but it is not clearly stated. And, from an outsider point of view (me), it is more important than the actual components of the bot. Glaurung 15:26, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Ok, § added Stéphane 15:50, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Questions to Wikipedia
I would like to upload a video of the Sbot on Sbot_mobile_robot. Is there any prefered format ? Video is not like images (jpeg or png) or sound (ogg), there is no free format yet clearly define. Ogg theora is a candidate, but few people can read it (only one from free unixes). MPEG4/DivX are not so free. Does anyone has suggestion ?

Thanks

Stéphane

Ok, I reply to myself, I found this :

Welcome text I keep as a reference
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 22:10, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Piano recordings
Hi, I've listened to your piano recording of Brahms Rhapsody, and it's excellent. Thanks for contributing such a work to the encyclopedia.

I'd like to know how your obtained such a clear and professional sounding file. What kind of equipment or process did you use. As far as I can tell, this is CD-quality perfection. ALTON  .ıl  10:12, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I've used the following recording material:
 * 2 AKG C 3000 B
 * Edirol UA-25 USB soundcard
 * Linux Laptop
 * The recording was made in the pianist's house. I've recorded at 96 kHz, 24 bits. I put the microphone in a X-Y setup outside the piano with the top half opened. The UA-25 pre-amps are relatively noisy so I had to do some FFT filtering afterwards. Noise apart, I'm happy about the quality. I think a better soundcard would improve the sound. --Stéphane 13:48, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hopefully one day I'll be able to contribute with the quality you do. Thanks for the tip. ALTON   .ıl  23:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Non-notable EPFL robots
Some articles that you have been involved in editing have been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you. Sandstein (talk) 00:12, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The above also applies to Dario Floreano, Edo. Franzi, Jean-Daniel Nicoud and Michael Bonani. Sandstein (talk) 00:12, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Sbot mobile robot gripper closeup.jpeg
Thanks for uploading File:Sbot mobile robot gripper closeup.jpeg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 20:03, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Oups, I did not login for too long... Stéphane Magnenat (talk) 15:11, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stephane.magnenat


text:
User talk:Hfguide

Wanna Talk? Then Drop Me a Line! ;-)
I'm all ears!

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 22:10, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

BC/AD v BCE/CE
Hey there.

Please note that per Manual of Style (dates and numbers), Wikipedia uses both BC/AD and BCE/CE dating formats. Because there are almost as many Wikipedians who prefer BCE/CE as there are who prefer BC/AD, we avoid changing the date format in articles that already use one format consistently. Otherwise edit wars have a tendency to start. Binabik80 22:26, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Excuse me, but kindly look at the editing history of the Pyrrhic War, please. It started out as a three lined paragraph stating the dates of the Pyrrhic War using BCE. One person wrote out the section to The War Begins using BC, I wrote out the section to Tarentum Asks for Help using BCE. This led to an article that used both BC and BCE as a date format. Seeking consistency, I switched BC to BCE, because that was the format used by the original author of the stub. In other words, I defaulted to the date format originally used by the person who started the article in the first place. It was not gratuitous, unless that's what you consider changing elements of an article so that it doesn't look like a patchwork quilt. But whatever.

 * Look, I don't care which format you want to use for this article, as long as it's consistent and doesn't jump back and forth between BC and BCE. But please don't justify your edits by somehow painting this image that you're correcting the gratuitous edits of a n00b who just stumbled onto Wikipedia yesterday and likes changing dates just for the hell of it and needs the Wiki style guide pointed out to her. I mean, really-- how condescending. Hfguide 02:24, 15 November 2005 (UTC)hfguide

Please refrain from editing things out which comply with the site's rules
I'm glad you recently did a bunch of "research" on malware and now frequently moderate that page, however, in one of your edits you removed "advertising" for a website, NerdHelp.com. NerdHelp.com is a non-profit website that was posted as a resource on malware and how to remove malware (as well as other external links which you didn't touch). I added the site there because it is one of my favorite sites, so I'd appreciate it if you'd leave the link alone since it complies with the rules here at Wikipedia.

Other than that, welcome to Wikipedia. Ericwest 06:42, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hfguide


text:
Guareí

Guareí is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 18,887 (2020 est.) in an area of 566 km². The elevation is 635 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Guareí


text: User talk:63.245.23.249

title: User talk:63.245.23.249


text: Category:Elections in Korea

title: Category:Elections in Korea