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Trevor Rogers (politician)

Trevor Vicemar Rogers (born 18 August 1943 in Auckland) is a former New Zealand member of parliament, sitting for the National Party from 1990 to 1995, then for the Right of Centre party from 1995 to 1996.

Member of Parliament
Rogers was first a member of parliament for the National Party, having previously been on several Auckland local bodies; an Auckland City Councillor 1977–1989, a member of the Auckland Regional Authority 1983–1986, and on the No 2 District Roads Council 1983–1987. In 1986, he put himself forward for the National Party nomination in the Auckland electorate of Eden. Up against three other nominees (David Phillips, Jock Parbhu and Hiwi Tauroa) he was unsuccessful.

In the 1990 election he took the Otara seat beating Taito Phillip Field, who had replaced the retiring MP Colin Moyle as the Labour candidate for the seat. He had previously stood for the Otara seat in 1987. In the 1993 election he won the new Howick seat, which comprised the eastern part of the old Otara seat.

He gained considerable public recognition for his crusade against pornography and for the open access to children studying on home computers. He wanted programs such as "Net Nanny" to be available and even compulsory in the home. Open access on the internet he saw as facilitating the distribution of pornography to minors. In 1994 he introduced a private member's bill, the Technology and Crimes Reform Bill. A select committee recommended against its enactment and it was defeated in the house.

On 8 June 1995, Rogers quit the National Party, having become increasingly frustrated with its refusal to pursue his policies. He joined the Right of Centre, which had been founded by another dissident conservative, Ross Meurant. The Right of Centre party restyled itself as the New Zealand Conservative Party as a result of poor opinion poll performances. After Meurant was dismissed from Government over a conflict of business interests, Meurant left the party and became an independent MP, leaving Rogers as party leader. Despite a belief that they could win 15% of the party vote in the 1996 election, the Conservatives fared badly, gaining only 0.07% of the vote New Zealand wide. Rogers lost his seat, and has never returned to Parliament.

Life after politics
Since leaving Parliament, Rogers has managed engineering companies, principally TGR Helicorp which was placed into receivership in April 2008. TGR HElicorp was a design and manufacturing organisation focussing on unmanned helicopters, although a flying prototype was never completed. All of his other companies (shell or otherwise) were also folded and he was forced by Bank of New Zealand into bankruptcy. The status of some of the assets from his various ventures is in some doubt or dispute and forensic receivers and investigators were called in by the liquidators. Some of the missing assets that were claimed as destroyed or sold by Mr and Mrs Rogers, were later found in concurrent property searches, having been sequestered in various shipping containers around Auckland.

He was jailed for one month for contempt of court in February 2011, and again, together with his wife, in March, after failing to provide the Court with the whereabouts of the intellectual property relating to the helicopter businesses. Mr Rogers was censured for "continually lying to the court".

The Rogers have argued that the intellectual property is in their heads so can not be handed over. A counter offer made by the Rogers to the Court to recreate the intellectual property in exchange for staff, facilities and wages was dismissed by the plaintiff's attorney.

title: Trevor Rogers (politician)


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Talk:Oystercatcher

A note
Hi Jim could you explain why you reverted my change to remove the "flattened" from the description of the bill? I used to work with oystercatchers, had quite a few in my hands, and their bills are definitely not flattened. On the photos, it doesn't look like that either. Or maybe I'm misunderstanding "flattened" here -- I assumed it means "the cross-section is longer horizontally than vertically". --Mellum 09:36, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I meant flattened laterally - I'll clarify and expand the text. jimfbleak 15:23, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I understand that the handbook is used for the names, but I have a copy of volume three in my hot little hand and it doesn't match up - in this case the western or american black oystercatcher. Is there an online HBW list that takes precedent? sunbird 06:12, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * HBW link - I don't know that the on-line version takes preference, and I may have used another list for waders. Change as you see fit. jimfbleak 06:34, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, re-ordered as per the book (which matches the site anyway). Thanks for the link! sunbird 06:04, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think that I used Shorebirds as the source for this originally, since this was an early one before we standardised on HBW. Although very comprehensive, it's a bit out of date on taxonomy now. jimfbleak 06:34, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi Jim

Why did you revert the edits about the oystercatcher in the coat of arms of East Kilbride

Eggs
The article reads "the pointed shape is thought to prevent the eggs from rolling down a steep slope." That sounds like someone designed the eggs to work that way. Is there a better wording for this? --Popoi 22:53, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Oystercatcher


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Idrisi

Idrisi may refer to:

 * Muhammad al-Idrisi, 12th-century explorer, geographer and writer
 * Idris I of Libya, 20th-century Libyan king
 * IDRISI, a GIS computer program
 * İdrisqışlaq, Azerbaijan
 * Idrisis of Asir, the former ruling family of the Emirate of Asir
 * Idrisi Shaikh or Darzi, a Muslim community of India

title: Idrisi


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Psychiatric history

A psychiatric history is the result of a medical process where a clinician working in the field of mental health (usually a psychiatrist) systematically records the content of an interview with a patient. This is then combined with the mental status examination to produce a "psychiatric formulation" of the person being examined.

Psychologists take a similar history, often referred to as a psychological history.

This article mainly covers the initial assessment history taking of a patient presenting for the first time with a new complaint.

Background
In the field of medicine a patient history is an account of the significant events in the patient's life that have a relevance to the issue being addressed. The clinician taking the history guides the process in an attempt to achieve a succinct summary of these relevant details. Much of the history is obtained by asking questions. Some of these questions are quite specific, such as, "How old are you?" and others are more open, such as, "How have you been feeling lately?" Although the structure of the interview may appear disjointed, the result is usually under a set of headings which have a worldwide similarity.

Patient identification
The basic details of who the patient is are collected. This includes their age, sex, educational status, religion, occupation, relationship status, address and contact details. This serves several purposes. Firstly, it is necessary information for administrative purposes and for this reason some of this is often taken by clerks. Secondly, the questions are largely non threatening and provide a gentle introduction into the meeting of patient and clinician. Thirdly, it provides a format for individual introduction suitable to the culture. Thus the clinician may start by introducing themselves and then move on to these questions. This initial structure can provide a sense of familiarity for the patient who is stressed about what is happening. It also helps the clinician understand the patient's social situation.

Source and method of presentation
The next step is to determine why the patient is there. How did they get to be in the interview? Were they referred by someone (such as another clinician, a relative or friend, or by the police or the courts) or did they come looking for help? If they were referred by someone then what was that person's reason for the referral. Often such information is provided in a referral letter or by an earlier phone call.

The main (chief) complaints
The clinician next tries to clarify what are the main problems that have brought the patient to be there. Some of this may have already been achieved in the previous section. The patient may have more than one problem and these may be related, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse or seemingly unrelated, such as panic disorder and premature ejaculation. The patient is unlikely to present a diagnosis and is more likely to describe the nature of their problems in common language.

History of the presenting complaints (present illness)
The clinician then attempts to obtain a clear description of these problems. When did they start? How did they start, suddenly, slowly or in fits and starts? Have they fluctuated over time? What does the patient describe as the essential features of the complaints? Having developed a hypothesis of what may be the diagnosis, the clinician next looks at symptoms that might confirm this hypothesis or lead them to consider another possibility. Much of the mental process for the clinician is involved in this process of hypothesis testing to arrive at a diagnostic formulation that will form the basis of a management plan. The severity of each complaint is assessed and this may include probing questions on sensitive issues such as suicidal thoughts or sexual difficulties.

History
This is divided into the psychiatric history, which looks at any previous episodes of the presenting complaint as well as any other past or ongoing psychiatric problems. The substance (drug) history includes data about patterns of use (mode of administration, age of onset, frequency, amount, last use, medical or psychological complications, history of attempting to quit) for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. The medical history documents significant illnesses, both past and current, and significant medical events such as head injury, seizures, major surgeries, and major illnesses. A separate sexual history gathers data about sexual orientation and sexual activity. Finally a history of abuse, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse is obtained from the patient and collateral sources (family members or close family friends) as trauma might not be directly remembered by the patient.

Family history
Many psychiatric disorders have a genetic component and the biological family history is thus relevant. Clinical experience also suggests that a response to treatment may have a genetic component as well. Thus a patient who presents with clinical depression whose mother also suffered from the same disorder and responded well to fluoxetine would indicate that this drug would be more likely to help in the patient's disorder.

Apart from the genetic factors, research has shown that illnesses in the parents such as depression and alcohol abuse are associated with a higher rate of some conditions in the children growing up in that environment. Similar effects are seen with the death of a parent from a protracted illness.

Developmental history
This documents the significant events in the patient's life. Ideally it starts with pre-natal factors such as maternal illnesses or complications with the pregnancy, then documents delivery and early childhood illnesses or problems. It then looks at significant events in the patient's life such as parental separation, abuse, education, psychosexual development, peer relationships, behavioural aspects and any legal complications. It flows then into adulthood with relationship and occupational histories. The aim is to get an overview of who the patient is and what they have experienced in life, both good and bad. Major stresses and transitions such as marriage, parenthood, retirement, death or loss of a partner, and financial success and failure are all important, as is how the patient has dealt with them. Sexual adjustment and problems can be relevant and are often questioned.

Social history
If the information has not already been obtained, the clinician then documents the social circumstances of the patient looking at factors such as finances, housing, relationships, drug and alcohol use, and problems with the law or other authorities. This is also a time to document racial or cultural issues that are relevant to the presenting complaint.

Review of Systems
A psychiatric review of systems may include screening questions directed at identifying or exploring co-morbid psychiatric illnesses or issues (e.g., SIGECAPS mnemonic or PHQ-9 for depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 for anxiety, DIGFAST mnemonic for mania, or specific questioning around psychoses or other psychiatric complaints. A full review of systems should attempt to identify and list all of the relevant STRESSORS that may be impacting a patient's function and overall health.

Summary
Having collected this information the clinician usually then considers any other factors that might be relevant to the particular patient and enquires about them. Although the gathering of the information may follow the flow of the patient's thoughts rather than those of the clinician, it is not uncommon for the clinician to record the psychiatric history under headings, such as those above, to make it easier for others who will later read it.

Subsequent history taking on reviews concentrates on changes in the levels of symptoms and responses to treatment, including possible side-effects.

title: Psychiatric history


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Merlin Carpenter

Merlin Carpenter (born 1967) is an English visual artist. Writing in Frieze art critic Katie Sonnenborn stated that a recent exhibition "continued his nuanced critique of the condition of contemporary art-making," and that, "working within the framework of the gallery, he presented a suite of canvases that cast doubt on current systems of cultural reception and consumption."

Artistic practice
After graduating from Saint Martins School of Art in 1989, Carpenter has gone on to exhibit in 29 solo shows, and 48 group shows between 1989 and 2007. Carpenter's paintings can be seen as deeply ambivalent. His style is heavily influenced by artists like Jackson Pollock and Julian Schnabel. Carpenter promotes in his paintings what he calls the "de-subjectivation of the brush stroke", and with this is his exploration into what he has called "overdetermined imagery" such as fashion photography. In his art Carpenter also marks out the differences and parallels between art and non-artist luxury items.

The Poster Studio
In 1994 Carpenter set up an experimental art space in London named "Poster Studio" with fellow artists Dan Mitchell and Nils Norman, among others. Its aim was to produce a critical analysis of the contemporary London art world. The poster studio disbanded in 1996.

Art writing
Carpenter writes articles for the periodical Texte zur Kunst, as well as texts for catalogues and reviews..

Exhibitions
Exhibitions include The Opening, Mitterrand+Sanz/Contemporary Art, Zurich (2007); Relax It's Only a Bad Cosima von Bonin Show, Galerie Bleich-Rossi, Vienna (2007) and Sounds of War, Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Geneva (2005) and Ballard in Narnia (with Richard Parry). In 2011, Carpenter made an exhibition of paintings at Simon Lee Gallery, titled Tate Café.

title: Merlin Carpenter


text:
Talk:Femdom

This is wrong: the female condom product is sold as Femidom in the UK, not femdom. See. for references. -- Karada 09:54, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Femdom


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Clayton Cosgrove

Clayton James Cosgrove (born 31 October 1969) is a former New Zealand politician. He is a member of the Labour Party.

Early life
Cosgrove was born in Nelson, New Zealand. He received a BA (Triple Major), in History, American Studies and Political Science, from the University of Canterbury in 1992 and received an MBA in 1996. Before entering politics, he worked in the Corporate Affair field within the Minerals and Telecommunications industries. He was also a small business owner.

Labour Party involvement
Cosgove has been a member of the Labour Party since he was fourteen, and has held a number of posts within the party. He was chairman of the party's Canterbury branch from 1989 to 1994.

He was a strong supporter of Moore, and opposed Moore's replacement by Helen Clark. Before the 1996 election he was involved in discussions with Moore to form a new party but this failed to eventuate.

Member of Parliament
Cosgrove himself stood for election in Moore's former Waimakariri seat in the 1999 election, and was successful. During 2002 he was selected and graduated the World Economic Forum's Global Leaders of Tomorrow programme (later called Young Global Leaders). He was re-elected in the 2002, 2005 and 2008 general elections. However, he was defeated in the electorate by National's Kate Wilkinson in 2011 and was subsequently elected as list MP. Wilkinson retired at the end of the parliamentary term and was replaced as National's candidate for the by Matt Doocey, who had previously contested the  in Christchurch East. Doocey beat Cosgrove with an increased majority. Being again in eighth place on the Labour list, Cosgrove remained a list MP.

Cabinet minister (2005–2008)
He was appointed Minister for Building and Construction, Minister of Statistics, Associate Minister of Finance, Associate Minister of Justice and Associate Minister of Immigration (responsible for individual immigration cases) after the 2005 election. At the October 2007 Cabinet reshuffle, he was promoted and replaced his Building and Construction and Statistics portfolio responsibilities; with the Immigration, Small Business, Sport and Recreation portfolios, and ministerial responsibility for the Rugby World Cup. He retained his roles as Associate Minister of Justice and Finance. Cosgrove lost his ministerial position when Labour was defeated in the 2008 election.

Cosgrove was selected to attend the World Economic Forum's Annual meeting in New York and Davos in 2001 and 2002, and was appointed to the Forum's task force on Free Trade. He is generally considered to be on the right of the Labour Party.

Boy racers
In August 2007 Cosgrove was targeted after raising considerable concerns about boy racers, who have caused numerous and significant problems throughout his electorate and Christchurch in general. Boy racers attempted to intimidate Cosgrove in a number of ways, including defacing billboards and driving past his house on Saturday nights. New Zealand has considerable problems with boy racers, leading to many car seizures and a new law being mooted to crush the vehicles of the worst offenders.

Opposition (2008–2017)
When Lianne Dalziel confirmed that she would contest the 2013 Christchurch mayoralty, her Christchurch Earthquake Recovery portfolio was split and assigned to Cosgrove and Ruth Dyson in July 2013. He considered standing in the by-election resulting from Dalziel's resignation from Parliament, but in the end decided not to put his name forward for the Labour nomination.

He announced he would be retiring from politics at the 2017 general election in April 2016.

Post politics
After leaving parliament, Cosgrove worked as consultant and lobbyist, including for the ill-fated attempt to mine Foulden Maar for pig food and the Greymouth Hospital construction.

title: Clayton Cosgrove


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Freshwater, Isle of Wight

Freshwater is a large village and civil parish at the western end of the Isle of Wight, England. The southern, coastal part of the village is Freshwater Bay, named for the adjacent small cove. Freshwater sits at the western end of the region known as the Back of the Wight or the West Wight, a popular tourist area. Freshwater is close to steep chalk cliffs. It was the birthplace of physicist Robert Hooke and was the home of Poet Laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson.

Landmarks
Freshwater is famous for its geology and coastal rock formations that have resulted from centuries worth of coastal erosion. The "Arch Rock" was a well-known local landmark that collapsed on 25 October 1992. The neighbouring "Stag Rock" is so named because supposedly a stag leapt to the rock from the cliff to escape during a hunt. Another huge slab fell off the cliff face in 1968, and is now known as the "Mermaid Rock". Immediately behind Mermaid Rock lies a small sea cave that cuts several metres into the new cliff.

Freshwater's beach is very popular with tourists and locals. It is mostly pebbles, but it is also covered in chalk from the nearby cliffs, which is frequently gathered by tourists as souvenirs.

Freshwater features an excellent example of a surviving Victorian Beach hotel, The Albion. The Albion was built around the time Freshwater became well-regarded as a coastal resort and is still popular today. Frequent repair-work and repainting are undertaken on the building's sea-front exterior walls, due to strong storms which often batter rocks, and other debris, against it.

The hills above Freshwater are named after Tennyson. On the nearby Tennyson Down is a Cornish granite cross erected in 1897 in tribute to Tennyson, "by the people of Freshwater, and other friends in England and America." There is also a hill in the area called 'Hooke Hill', named for Robert Hooke.

The Anglican All Saints' Church, Freshwater is one of the oldest churches on the Isle of Wight, and it was listed in the Domesday survey of 1086. Mark Whatson is the current pastor of All Saints, which is in the Anglican Diocese of Portsmouth. A primary school associated with the church is nearby. There is a marble memorial commemorating Tennyson in All Saints Church. Tennyson's wife Emily and other family members are buried in the church cemetery. The church is also the site of a memorial to Tennyson's son, Lionel Tennyson, who died of malaria in 1886.

Dimbola Lodge, the home of Julia Margaret Cameron and now a photographic museum, is in the village of Freshwater Bay, which is part of Freshwater. There is also a tearoom and bookstore.

Tennyson's son, Hallam, donated land for a new church in Freshwater Bay. Hallam's wife Audrey Tennyson suggested that the church be named for St. Agnes. St. Agnes' Church, Freshwater was consecrated on 12 August 1908. It is the only thatched church on the Isle of Wight.

Freshwater was the site of the largest station on the Freshwater, Yarmouth and Newport Railway that operated from 20 July 1889 to 21 September 1953. A supermarket and garden centre now occupies the location of the former station.

Freshwater is near the source of the Western Yar, a river whose estuary runs north to Yarmouth. Freshwater Marshes are a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a large part of the Marshes is also a Local Nature Reserve called Afton Marshes.

At the western end of Freshwater Bay on a bluff are the remains of Fort Redoubt, also known as Fort Freshwater or Freshwater Redoubt, a Palmerston Fort. Fort Redoubt was built in 1855–1856 to protect Freshwater Bay and was in use until the early 20th century; until the military sold it in 1928.A doorway carved into the cliff below the fort was the main access to the building from the beach, although most of the iron stairway that formerly gave access has broken up due to the repeated actions of rust and the tide. Two unusual structures that have been described as ice houses, pottery kilns or crematoria are found on Moons Hill in Freshwater. Robert Walker was the first to excavate these features in the 1890s, and he thought they were evidence of a Phoenician settlement in Freshwater. Chemical analyses suggest that they were most likely lime kilns.

Notable residents
The renowned scientist Robert Hooke (1635–1703) was born in Freshwater in 1635. His father John Hooke was the curate of All Saints Church in Freshwater. When Hooke's father died in 1648, Hooke left Freshwater for London to be apprenticed to portrait painter Peter Lely. After that, he went to Westminster School and then Oxford.

Painter George Morland lived in Freshwater in a structure known as the "Cabin" around 1800.

British Poet laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson lived at nearby Farringford House (on the road between Freshwater and Alum Bay). Tennyson lived at Farringford from 1853 until the end of his life in 1892. Tennyson wrote of Farringford:

Tennyson rented Farringford in 1853 and then bought it in 1856. He found that there were too many starstruck tourists who pestered him in Farringford, so he moved to "Aldworth", a stately home on a hill known as Blackdown between Lurgashall and Fernhurst, about 1 + 1/4 mile south of Haslemere in West Sussex in 1869. However, he returned to Farringford to spend the winters.

Pioneering photographer Julia Margaret Cameron lived in Freshwater at Dimbola Lodge from 1860 to 1875. Gertrude Fenton, the novelist and editor of The Carisbrooke Magazine, lived at Lacey's Farm, Freshwater in the early 1880's.

Freshwater was also the birthplace of Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs (11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999). An English explorer, and Fellow of the Royal Society, whose expeditionary team completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica in 1958.

Conductor Trevor Harvey was born in Freshwater in 1911.

Organisations
The Freshwater Village Association was created in November 2006. The Freshwater Village Association was formed by Freshwater residents who are concerned that Freshwater might lose its identity as a village. The Freshwater Bay Residents Association was created on 2 July 1984, to express concern over the development of Freshwater Bay.

Freshwater Lifeboat is an independent lifesaving organisation based in Freshwater Bay. It operates the Freshwater Bay Lifeboat Station on the promenade along Freshwater Bay and two lifeboats from public donations and profits from shop sales since it is not part of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.

It hosts the Freshwater and Totland Carnival every year.

Freshwater is the headquarters of the Robert Hooke Society, who have created a walking trail around the area called the "Hooke Trail" to visit sites associated with him. They hold bi-monthly meetings at the Island Planetarium at Fort Victoria, a yearly Memorial Luncheon on 3 March on the date of his death and week-long celebrations of his birthday, 18 July.

History

There is evidence of a Roman harbour at the end of the Western Yar. A romano-british grave containing a Vectis ware pot was found on sheepwash farm in 1898. In 530 AD, the Island fell to a combined force of Saxons and Jutes. After the Norman Conquest, Lord of the Island William Fitz Osbern gave the Saxon All Saints' Church and its tithes to the Norman Abbey of Lyre sometime between 1066 and his death in 1071. In 1414 all alien priories were seized by the Crown. In 1623, when King James I gave Freshwater Parish to John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, Williams then granted Freshwater to St John's College, Cambridge on 24 March 1623.

The Freshwater Parish originally was composed of five farms, known as "tuns": Norton, Sutton, Easton, Weston and Middleton. All of these place names still exist, except for Sutton, which is now called Freshwater Bay (previously Freshwater Gate). The first meeting of the Freshwater Parish Council was on 31 December 1894.

In 2010, 250 kg of cocaine was found in Freshwater Bay. The "Freshwater Five" fishing crew were convicted in relation to this, but are appealing their conviction.

Village attractions
There are several attractions within the immediate area:
 * Farringford House, home of poet Alfred Lord Tennyson.
 * Dimbola Lodge, home of photographer Julia Margaret Cameron.
 * West Wight Sports Centre.
 * Freshwater Bay Golf Course.
 * Afton Down, the site of the Isle of Wight Festival 1970.
 * The Needles Old Battery, a Victorian fort and post-Second World War High Down Rocket Test Site.
 * Needles Lighthouse and chalk rocks.
 * Compton Bay, where dinosaur footprints are visible at low tide.
 * The Longstone, some four miles distant, the only megalithic monument on the Island.

Not all of these attractions are within the formal boundaries of the village.

Transport
Freshwater is linked to other parts of the Island by Southern Vectis buses on route 7 and route 12 serving Totland, Yarmouth and Newport as well as intermediate villages. In the Summer, open-top bus "The Needles Tour" and tourist service "Island Coaster" serve Freshwater Bay. Freshwater is on the Isle of Wight Coastal Path.

For local transport within West Wight, a community transport scheme called FYT Bus (Freshwater, Yarmouth and Totland) running a mix scheduled and on demand services, and expanded in 2023 with a new electric minibus.

Freshwater was connected by train when the Freshwater, Yarmouth and Newport Railway opened in 1888. Due to low usage, especially outside the holiday season after the war, the line closed in 1953, ten years before the Beeching cuts were published.

title: Freshwater, Isle of Wight


text:
Imzadi

Imzadi is a non-canon Star Trek novel by Peter David, primarily exploring William Riker's assignment to Betazed and his early relationship with Deanna Troi.

Imzadi has a complex structure, involving time travel through the Guardian of Forever, but a straightforward plot of love and rescue. Troi's history with Riker had been introduced in the pilot episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, "Encounter at Farpoint"; this also included the word imzadi, a Betazoid term of endearment usually translated as "beloved". The novel expands on the meaning of imzadi when Troi explains that its literal meaning is "the first," not necessarily referring to the first sexual partner but, as Troi puts it to Riker, "the first to ever touch your soul."

Setting

 * Chapters 1 to 6, an unnumbered epilogue chapter (between chapters 10 and 11), chapters 34 to 36, and chapter 44 take place in 2408.
 * Chapters 7 to 10, 33, and 37 to 43 take place in 2368.
 * Chapters 11 to 31 take place in 2359.
 * Chapter 32 takes place in 2364.

Plot
Seventy-three-year-old Admiral William Riker is a bitter, lonely man in a slow downward spiral following the death forty years earlier of Deanna Troi, who died of undetermined causes during a peacekeeping conference with an enemy race, the Sindareen. Riker, now the commander of an unimportant starbase, is summoned to Betazed as Deanna's mother, Lwaxana Troi, lies dying. While going through Lwaxana's possessions after her death, Riker is reminded of how he and Deanna originally met and began their relationship on Betazed.

In a lengthy flashback, it is revealed that Will and Deanna met when Will was stationed on Betazed between assignments, and while there attended a wedding at which Deanna was maid of honor. Will was instantly attracted to her and began to pursue her, though she initially rebuffed his advances, feeling that he was only interested in her physical attributes, and that he preferred quick, thrilling encounters over meaningful emotional intimacy. Over a series of meetings, however, they began to grow closer, as Will encouraged Deanna to embrace impulsive feelings and Deanna encouraged Will to explore his more spiritual side.

While visiting her favorite museum, Deanna was kidnapped by a Sindareen raiding party, and Riker's Starfleet security force shot down their small craft in the jungle. Riker tracked them down and killed the only surviving captor, leaving Deanna and him alone together. In the jungle, they consummated their relationship, and Deanna told Will for the first time that they are "Imzadi." However, after their return from the jungle, Lwaxana's violent objections to their relationship and Deanna's seeming compliance led Riker to drunkenly fall into bed with another woman. Deanna discovered them together when she appeared at his living quarters, having planned to tell him she had decided to defy her mother's wishes. Deanna and Will decided not to pursue a relationship and Riker left the planet shortly thereafter, not to meet Deanna again until they were both assigned to the Enterprise-D.

In the future timeline, Commodore Data, now in command of the Enterprise-F, tells Riker that scientists studying the Guardian of Forever have discovered that Deanna's death was a focal point in time, causing the creation of a parallel timeline; his intention is to comfort Riker with the idea that Deanna lives on in another universe. Struck with a new suspicion, Admiral Riker has an autopsy performed on Deanna's corpse and discovers that she had been murdered via a poison that did not exist at the time she died. Deducing that someone had gone back in time to murder her and deliberately alter the timeline, Admiral Riker travels to the Guardian of Forever and goes back to the time of the Sindareen peace conference on the Enterprise-D, a short while before Deanna's death. He gives Commander Riker the antidote to the poison, and Riker administers it to Deanna. Her death is thus prevented, but Admiral Riker does not immediately return to his timeline, indicating that the danger to her has not yet passed.

Commodore Data has also pursued Admiral Riker through the Guardian, feeling it is his duty to preserve the timeline by any means. He disables Commander Data and impersonates him, taking Deanna away from the peace conference with the intention of killing her. Admiral Riker realizes Data may try this, so he locates Commander Data and with him confronts Commodore Data, and they fight. As the peace conference attendees look on, Deanna finally becomes familiar enough with the representatives from the Sindareen (a race difficult to read empathically without sufficient exposure) to determine that they are deceiving everyone, and have no real peaceful intentions; the peace conference is only an attempt to stall for time so that their race can become more powerful. One of the Sindareen delegates is actually from the future and had decided to go back in time and kill Deanna to prevent this discovery. When Deanna announces that the Sindareen are behaving duplicitously, the Sindareen makes a last-ditch effort to kill Deanna, which is thwarted by Admiral Riker.

Once Deanna is safe, everyone from the future return to their proper timeline, where the Guardian of Forever intones that "All is as it was." Data is chagrined that he never thought to ask whether Admiral Riker was correct about the timeline being altered. Now that it has been restored, Admiral Riker and the others have no way of knowing what awaits them. Riker hears his Imzadi's voice inside his mind, welcoming him home.

Imzadi II: Triangle
The 1998 sequel Imzadi II: Triangle addresses Worf's romantic interest in Troi, William Riker's renewed interest and Thomas Riker's resentment at his lost opportunity with Troi. Imzadi II: Triangle brings in additional characters and multiple plot lines.

Other versions
Both Imzadi novels were re-released in 2003 as the omnibus collection Imzadi Forever.

Abridged versions of the novels were also released as audiobooks. Imzadi was read by Jonathan Frakes (the actor who played Riker), and Imzadi II by Robert O'Reilly (whose recurring onscreen role was the Klingon Gowron).

Extracts from both books were included in Star Trek: Adventures in Time and Space, which was described by the editor as featuring clips from the best of twenty years of Pocket Books official Star Trek line.

In 2020, in the 7th episode of Picard, titled,"Nepenthe," at 22:54, Riker, while mildly admonishing Troi for reprimanding Picard, exclaimed,"Easy there, Imzadi."(https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8806524/)

Reception
Imzadi is rated 4 out of 5 on Google books.

A TrekMovie.com reviewer writing in 2010 about Peter David's later works mentioned that Imzadi remained his favorite Star Trek book of all time. In 2015, "Imzadi" was noted as one of better Star Trek novels, noting an audio book narrated by Jonathan Frakes himself (who played Commander Riker on the TV show).

In 2015, John Bardinelli of Barnesandnoble.com highlighted this as among of the best Star Trek novels.

title: Imzadi


text:
Bias of Priene

Bias (Greek: Βίας ὁ Πριηνεύς; fl. 6th century BC) of Priene was a Greek sage. He is widely accepted as one of the Seven Sages of Greece and was renowned for his probity.

Life
Bias was born at Priene (modern-day Güllübahçe, Turkey), and was the son of Teutamus. He is said to have been distinguished for his skill as an advocate, and for his use of it in defence of the right. In reference to which Demodocus of Leros uttered the following saying: "If you are a judge, give a Prienian decision," and Hipponax said, "More powerful in pleading causes than Bias of Priene."

He was always reckoned among the Seven Sages, and was mentioned by Dicaearchus as one of the Four to whom alone that title was universally given, the remaining three being Thales, Pittacus, and Solon. Satyrus placed him at the head of the Seven Sages, and even Heraclitus, who poured scorn on figures such as Hesiod and Pythagoras, referred to Bias as "a man of more consideration than any." One of the examples of his great goodness is the legend that says that Bias paid a ransom for some women who had been taken prisoner. After educating them as his own daughters, he sent them back to Messina, their homeland, and to their fathers.

Bias is said to have died at a very advanced age while pleading a cause for his client. After he had finished speaking, he rested his head on his grandson. When the advocate on the opposite side had spoken, the judges decided in favor of Bias's client, by which time Bias had died. The city gave him a magnificent funeral and inscribed on his tomb: "Here Bias of Priene lies, whose name Brought to his home and all Ionia fame."

Works
It is said that Bias wrote a poem of 2000 lines on Ionia and the way to make it prosperous.

Sayings
Many sayings were attributed to him by Diogenes Laërtius and by others:
 * "All that is mine I carry with me."
 * "The naïve men are easily fooled."
 * "Most people are evil."
 * "All men are wicked."
 * "It is difficult to bear a change of fortune for the worse with magnanimity."
 * "Choose the course which you adopt with deliberation; but when you have adopted it, then persevere in it with firmness."
 * "Do not speak fast, for that shows folly."
 * "Love prudence."
 * "Speak of the Gods as they are."
 * "Do not praise an undeserving man because of his riches."
 * "Gain your point by persuasion, not by force." / "Take by persuasion, not by force."
 * "Cherish wisdom as a means of traveling from youth to old age, for it is more lasting than any other possession."
 * "So order your affairs as if you were to live long, or die soon."
 * "I carry all my effects with me."
 * "They love as if they would one day hate, and hate as if they would one day love."
 * "Office will show a man."

Vatican bust
In April, 1819, Schopenhauer wrote in his Reisebuch [Travel Diary]: "In the Vatican [Hall of Philosophers] there is the bust of Bias with the inscription of πλεῖστοι ἄνθρωποι κακοί [most men are bad]. Indeed this must have been his maxim."

title: Bias of Priene


text:
River Foyle

The River Foyle is a river in west Ulster in the northwest of the island of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne at the towns of Lifford in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, and Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. From here it flows to the city of Derry, where it discharges into Lough Foyle and, ultimately, the Atlantic Ocean. The total length of the River Foyle is 32 km. The river separates part of County Donegal from parts of both County Londonderry and County Tyrone. The district of County Donegal that borders the western bank of the River Foyle is traditionally known as the Laggan. This district includes the villages of St Johnston and Carrigans, both of which are nestled on the banks of the River.

Tributaries
The Burn Dale (also known as the Burn Deele or the River Deele) flows into the River Foyle on the northern outskirts of Lifford, while the Swilly Burn flows into the Foyle near Porthall, a hamlet between St Johnston and Lifford. St Johnston Burn flows into the Foyle at St Johnston, while Flushtoun Burn flows into the river on the southern outskirts of St Johnston. Carrigans Burn flows from Port Lough, and enters the Foyle on the southern outskirts of Carrigans. Both the Burn Dennet and the Glenmornan River flow into the Foyle just to the north of Ballymagorry, entering the river a short distance to the north of Corkan Isle.

Name
Claudius Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) described a river mouth called Ουιδουα (Widua, from PIE *widhu, 'tree') which referred to the Foyle.

The Irish name is An Feabhal, which refers to Febail, father of the mythical Bran.

Crossings
The River Foyle is also the fastest-flowing river in Europe for its size, making the construction of bridges across it difficult. In Derry, the main crossing point, there are three bridges. The southernmost bridge, the oldest of the three, is Europe's only road traffic double-decker bridge and is officially known as the Craigavon Bridge (occasionally referred to colloquially as the Blue Bridge). The northernmost bridge, known as the Foyle Bridge, is a much larger bridge and was built to accommodate tall ships at a time when it was envisaged that the city would need to accommodate such vessels. However, this proved unnecessary as the main port was moved several miles north of the city and the large vessels it was designed for never had to come so far south. The Foyle Bridge was planned originally by the Londonderry Development Commission and was intended to alleviate the traffic congestion on the existing Craigavon Bridge and in the city centre. However, political prevarication meant that it was not constructed until the 1980s. Derry's third bridge, the Peace Bridge, is situated behind the Guildhall Square, north of the Craigavon Bridge. The pedestrian and cycle bridge was opened in 2011, intended as a symbol of union between the two sides of the city.

Outside Derry, the only bridge to cross the River Foyle is Lifford Bridge, which was built in the 1960s between Lifford, the county town of County Donegal, on the western bank of the river, and Strabane, a major town in County Tyrone, on the eastern bank.

Navigation
The tidal Foyle is navigable from the coast to approximately 10 mi inland. The derelict Strabane Canal continued from this point a further 4 mi to Strabane. Traffic on the Foyle further south than the northern bridge is now more or less restricted to pleasure boats with the occasional tanker coming in the refinery at the northern end of the town. A tour of the Foyle on board a small cruise ship called the Toucan One, once provided tourists a chance to travel along the River Foyle from Derry city centre to Greencastle County Donegal on the shores of Lough Foyle. However, because of a lack of funding from various sources, this venture has now come to a standstill.

Foyle Search and Rescue
Due to the presence of three bridges over the river in Derry, some people choose to attempt suicide by jumping into the deep and fast-moving Foyle. 'Foyle Search and Rescue' was established as a charity in July 1993 and has adopted the role of protecting human life in the River Foyle from the Craigavon Bridge, Foyle Bridge and the newly opened Peace Bridge. Between 1993 and 2008 it dealt with more than 1000 people in distress.

Fishing
Prior to the Plantation of Ulster the fishing rights on the River would have been owned by the O’Neills and the O’Donnells, the Chieftains of Tír Eoghain and Donegal respectively. When the Plantation of Ulster started in 1609 a body called The Honourable The Irish Society had been set up by Royal Charter in 1613 to administer the affairs of the Plantation. The Society was then given the rights to the fishing on the river and on the River Bann, all except the parts of the rivers owned by the Bishop of Derry. In 1944 an action for trespass was taken by the Society against a fisherman from Porthall who they deemed to be fishing illegally. The case was heard by Mr Justice George Gavan Duffy in the high court in Dublin during 1947–48. The case was dismissed against the man. The Society then appealed the decision and also appealed to both Northern and Southern Governments at losing the case. Both Governments agreed to buy the fishing rights for the sum of £110,280 on condition that they drop the appeal. This led to the establishment of a commission to oversee the fishing on the river and on Lough Foyle. The body set up was called the Foyle Fisheries Commission and was established by a Bill passed simultaneously by the Governments of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland on 25 March 1952. The Foyle Fisheries Commission was disestablished on 10 April 2007 with the signing of the Foyle & Carlingford Fisheries Act 2007. The Foyle is believed to be one of the best Atlantic Salmon rivers in Ireland. Details of the fishing regulations are available from the Loughs Agency. The village of St Johnston, which lies on the County Donegal bank of the river, is a major fishing settlement on the Foyle.

Railways
The riverbank has the Belfast-Derry railway line providing a key link to the city of Derry. Trains bring passengers along on the NI Railways service along the shoreline of Lough Foyle from onward stations such as Coleraine, Belfast Lanyon Place and Belfast Grand Central.

title: River Foyle


text:
Hearing Voices Movement

The Hearing Voices Movement (HVM) is the name used by organizations and individuals advocating the "hearing voices approach", an alternative way of understanding the experience of those people who "hear voices". In the medical professional literature, ‘voices’ are most often referred to as auditory verbal hallucinations. The movement uses the term ‘hearing voices’, which it feels is a more accurate and 'user-friendly' term.

The movement was instigated by Marius Romme, Sandra Escher and Patsy Hage in 1987. It challenges the notion that to hear voices is necessarily a characteristic of mental illness. Instead it regards hearing voices as a meaningful and understandable, although unusual, human variation. It therefore rejects the stigma and pathologisation of hearing voices and advocates human rights, social justice and support for people who hear voices that is empowering and recovery focused. The movement thus challenges the medical model of mental illness, specifically the validity of the schizophrenia construct.

History and tenets
The international Hearing Voices Movement is a prominent mental health service-user/survivor movement that promotes the needs and perspectives of experts by experience in the phenomenon of hearing voices (auditory verbal hallucinations). The main tenet of the Hearing Voices Movement is the notion that hearing voices is a meaningful human experience.

The Hearing Voices Movement regards itself and is regarded by others as being a post-psychiatric organisation. It positions itself outside of the mental health world in recognition that voices are an aspect of human difference, rather than a mental health problem. One of the main issues of concern for the Hearing Voices Movement is empowerment and human rights as outlined in its Melbourne Hearing Voices Declaration 2013 and Thessaloniki Declaration 2014.

The Hearing Voices Movement also seeks holistic health solutions to problematic and overwhelming voices that cause mental distress. Based on their research, the movement espouses that many people successfully live with their voices. In themselves voices are not seen as the problem. Rather it is the relationship the person has with their voices that is regarded as the main issue. Research indicates that mindfulness-based interventions can be beneficial for people distressed by hearing voices.

The Hearing Voices Movement has developed interventions for mental health practitioners to support people who hear voices and are overwhelmed by the experience.

Position
The position of the hearing voices movement can be summarised as follows:
 * Hearing voices is not in itself a sign of mental illness.
 * Hearing voices is part of the diversity of being a human, it is a faculty that is common (3-10% of the population will hear a voice or voices in their lifetime) and significant.
 * Hearing voices is experienced by many people who do not have symptoms that would lead to diagnosis of mental illness.
 * Hearing voices is often related to problems in life history.
 * If hearing voices causes distress, the person who hears the voices can learn strategies to cope with the experience.
 * Coping is often achieved by confronting the past problems that lie behind the experience.

Theoretical overview
The work of Marius Romme, Sandra Escher and other researchers   provides a theoretical framework for the movement. They find that:

 * 1) Not everyone who hears voices becomes a patient. Over a third of 400 voice hearers in the Netherlands they studied had not had any contact with psychiatric services. These people either described themselves as being able to cope with their voices and/or described their voices as life enhancing.
 * 2) Demographic (epidemiological) research provides evidence that there are people who hear voices in the general population (2%-6%) who are not necessarily troubled by them    ). Only a small minority fulfill the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis and, of those, only a few seek psychiatric aid indicating that hearing voices in itself is not necessarily a symptom of an illness. Even more (about 8%) have peculiar delusions and do so without being ill.
 * 3) People who cope well with their voices and those who did not, show clear differences in terms of the nature of the relationship they had with their voices.
 * 4) People who live well with their voice experience use different strategies to manage their voices than those voice hearers who are overwhelmed by them.
 * 5) 70% of voice hearers reported that their voices had begun after a severe traumatic or intensely emotional event    such as an accident, divorce or bereavement, sexual or physical abuse, love affairs, or pregnancy. Romme and colleagues found that the onset of voice hearing amongst a patient group was preceded by either a traumatic event or an event that activated the memory of an earlier trauma.
 * 6) Specifically, there is a high correlation between voice hearing and abuse. These findings are being substantiated further in on-going studies with voice hearing amongst children.
 * 7) Some people who hear voices have a deep need to construct a personal understanding for their experiences and to talk to others about it without being designated as mad.

Romme, colleagues and other researchers find that people who hear voices can be helped using methods such as voice dialoguing cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and self-help methods.

Romme theorizes a three phase model of recovery:
 * Startling – Initial confusion; emotional chaos, fear, helplessness and psychological turmoil.
 * Organization – The need to find meaning, arrive at some understanding and acceptance. The development of ways of coping and accommodating voices in everyday living. This task may take months or years and is marked by the attempt to enter into active negotiation with the voice(s).
 * Stabilisation – The establishment of equilibrium, and accommodation, with the voice(s), and the consequent re-empowerment of the person.

Alternative to medical model of disability
The Hearing Voices Movement disavows the medical model of disability and disapproves of the practises of mental health services through much of the Western world, such as treatment solely with medication. For example, some service users have reported negative experiences of mental health services because they are discouraged from talking about their voices as these are seen solely as symptoms of psychiatric illness. Slade and Bentall conclude that the failure to attend to hallucinatory experiences and/or have the opportunity for dialogue about them is likely to have the effect of helping to maintain them.

In Voices of Reason, Voices of Insanity, Leudar and Thomas review nearly 3,000 years of voice-hearing history. They argue that the Western World has moved the experience of hearing voices from a socially valued context to a pathologised and denigrated one. Foucault has argued that this process can generally arise when a minority perspective is at odds with dominant social norms and beliefs.

Organisation
The Hearing Voices Movement was established in 1987 by Romme and Escher, both from the Netherlands, with the formation of Stichting Weerklank (Foundation Resonance), a peer led support organisation for people who hear voices. In 1988, the Hearing Voices Network was established in England with the active support of Romme. Since then, networks have been established in 35 countries.

INTERVOICE (The International Network for Training, Education and Research into Hearing Voices) is the organisation that provides coordination and support to the Hearing Voices Movement. It is supported by people who hear voices, relatives, friends and mental health professionals including therapists, social workers, nurses, psychiatrists and psychologists.

INTERVOICE was formed in 1997, at a meeting of voice hearers, family members and mental health workers was held in Maastricht, Netherlands to consider how to organise internationally further research and work about the subject of voice hearing. The meeting decided to create a formal organizational structure to provide administrative and coordinating support to the wide variety of initiatives in the different involved countries.

The organisation is structured as a network and was incorporated in 2007 as a non-profit company and charity under UK law. It operates under the name of International Hearing Voices Projects Ltd. The president is Marius Romme and the governing body is made up of people who hear voices and mental health practitioners.

Hearing Voices Groups
Hearing Voices Groups are based on an ethos of self-help, mutual respect and empathy. They provide a safe space for people to share their experiences and to support one another. They are peer support groups, involving social support and belonging, not necessarily therapy or treatment. Groups offer an opportunity for people to accept and live with their experiences in a way that helps them regain some power over their lives. There are hundreds of hearing voices groups and networks across the world. In 2014 there were more than 180 groups in the UK. These include groups for young people, people in prison, women and people from Black and Minority Ethnic communities.

World Hearing Voices Congress
INTERVOICE hosts the annual World Hearing Voices Congress. In 2015 the 7th Congress was held in Madrid, Spain, the 2016 Congress will be held in Paris, France. Previous conferences have been held in Maastricht, Netherlands, (2009); Nottingham, England (2010), Savona, Italy (2011), Cardiff, Wales (2012); Melbourne, Australia (2013); Thessaloniki, Greece (2014); Madrid, Spain (2015).

Annual World Hearing Voices Day
This is held on 14 September and celebrates hearing voices as part of the diversity of human experience, It seeks to increase awareness of the fact that you can hear voices and be healthy. It also challenges the negative attitudes towards people who hear voices and the assumption that hearing voices, in itself, is a sign of mental illness.

Research committee
INTERVOICE has an international research committee, that commissions research, encourages and supports exchanges and visits between member countries, the translation and publication of books and other literature on the subject of hearing voices and other related extraordinary experiences.

Criticism of the Hearing Voices Movement
The Hearing Voices Movement has been criticised for its stance on medication and schizophrenia and for promoting non-medical and non-evidence-based approaches to severe mental illnesses in articles by Susan Inman from the Huffington Post, such as "People Who Hear Voices Need Science-Based Advice" in 2013, and "What You're not Hearing About the Hearing Voices Movement" in 2015.

Specific criticisms of the hearing voices approach include:

 * using ideas that don't support science-based ways of understanding illness
 * undermines people's trust in medical help that might be crucial to their wellbeing
 * encourages people to focus on their voices when they may be having a hard time differentiating between what's real and what's not real
 * doesn't recognize the very different needs of people with severe mental illnesses
 * by failing to differentiate between the needs of people who actually have psychotic disorders and those who don't, HVM poses serious risks
 * poses real danger for the substantial number of people who lack insight into their psychotic disorder
 * people struggling with psychotic symptoms shouldn't be advised to emphasize the meaning of auditory hallucinations

Appearances in media

 * Hearing Voices, Horizon Documentary, BBC, UK (1995)
 * Angels and Demons directed by Sonya Pemberton, f2003; produced by ABC Commercial, in Enough Rope, Episode 162
 * The Doctor Who Hears Voices, Channel 4, UK
 * The voices in my head TED2013, Filmed February 2013

A study investigating media reports of the experience of hearing voices found that 84% of the articles in the study contained no suggestion that voice-hearing can be ‘normal’. Half of those that did, put voice-hearing in a religious or spiritual context, for example considering the case of Joan of Arc. Most of the articles (81.8%) connected voice-hearing to mental illness. In some cases, auditory verbal hallucinations were simply equated with insanity.

Publications

 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
 * Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.

Press

 * Treatment of Schizophrenia Challenged In Western Australia The NewsMaker (Australia) 9 June 2011, "The Psychiatrist, the psychologist and the ex patient: a frank discussion on schizophrenia" Dr Dirk Corstens from the Netherlands, award-winning psychologist Eleanor Longden, and ex patient and Voices advocate Ron Coleman, discuss their expertise and experience on schizophrenia and voice hearing, as well as share innovative ways on the treatment of schizophrenia and management the experience.
 * A first-class recovery: From hopeless case to graduate The Independent (UK) 25 October 2009, Eleanor Longden was a diagnosed schizophrenic and heard menacing voices in her head for 10 years.
 * Embracing the dark voices within BBC News Online (UK), 3 September 2009
 * I talk back to the voices in my head The Guardian (UK), 4 April 2009
 * A dialogue with myself The Independent (UK), 15 April 2008, When Ruth began hearing voices, she turned to a controversial drug-free therapy programme. Now, her story is told in a powerful TV film
 * Listening Cure Time/CNN (USA), 21 February 2008
 * Can You Live With the Voices in Your Head? New York Times (USA), 25/03/2007
 * Voices carry Boston Globe (USA), 25/03/2007
 * The mad doctor: The extraordinary story of Dr Rufus May, the former psychiatric patient The Independent (UK), 18 March 2007
 * Mad Medicine: A New Group for People Who Hear Voices Celebrates Mental Diversity Portland Mercury June 25, 2009
 * Assiz. C (6 January 1991) Heard but not seen, Independent on Sunday

Articles

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Voice Hearing Prevalence

Voice Hearing and Life Events

Working With Voices

Hearing Voices Groups

title: Hearing Voices Movement


text:
Elpidia Carrillo

Elpidia Carrillo (born August 16, 1961) is a Mexican actress and director. Her career includes roles in both film and television. Internationally is best known for supporting roles in the Predator, Bread and Roses, Nine Lives and Blue Beetle.

She was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance in Salvador. She is known for the role Tecuichpo in the independent film The Other Conquest.

Early life
Carrillo was born in Parácuaro, Michoacán, Mexico, on August 16, 1961. One of eight children in a family of farm laborers, her childhood was marked by violence and poverty. At the age of three, her father was murdered, forcing her eldest brother to assume responsibility of the family. Wanting Carrillo to get an education, he forged a birth certificate so she could begin first grade at age four.

When she was six, her brother was shot outside a theater and the family faced constant threats to their lives. When she was ten, Carrillo moved to Uruapan with an older sister where she dropped out of school as she began working alongside her sister at a Chinese restaurant.

Early career
Carrillo was discovered by a local photographer in Uruapan, Mexico and soon received a modeling contract. At 12 years old, director Rafael Corkidi cast Elpidia as Malinche in the surrealist Mexican feature film Pafnucio Santo. The film was Mexico's official submission to the Academy Awards that year, but with its many esoteric elements, it failed to garner a nomination. Due to the role involving nudity and her being under age, Carrillo was credited under the fake name Piya. Corkidi cast Carrillo again for a larger role in his film Deseos.

By the age of 16, she had shot her first lead role in the controversial Mexican feature Nuevo Mundo, directed by Gabriel Retes. Having worked numerous films, she decided to enroll in the Bellas Artes School in Mexico City.

Hollywood career
After numerous Mexican and International film and television credits, Carrillo's US film career quickly emerged as she did a series of critically acclaimed roles in award nominated US projects. Her first US film came when Academy Award winning director Tony Richardson cast her in a co-starring role in the film The Border opposite Jack Nicholson and Harvey Keitel. That was soon followed by a co-starring role in the Beyond the Limit opposite Richard Gere, Michael Caine, and Bob Hoskins, with the latter two receiving BAFTA Nominations for their performances.

For her third US film, Carrillo performed a small supporting role in another successful Academy Award nominated art film Under Fire for which Gene Hackman's performance received a Golden Globe nomination.

Next she made her US television debut in the role of Coana in the Primetime Emmy nominated mini-series Christopher Columbus.

Her first award nomination came when Oliver Stone cast her as the female lead of Maria in Salvador which earned Carrillo an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead, earned her co-star James Woods an Academy Award Nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and earned Oliver Stone an Academy Award nomination with co-writer Rick Boyle for Best Original Screenplay, which they would both lose to Stone's other nominated screenplay that year, Platoon.

With awards and critical recognition all by the age of 25, Carrillo then accepted what would be one of the most recognizable and commercially successful roles of her career as the only actress appearing in the 1987 action film Predator opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, Shane Black, and Jesse Ventura. Predator is widely considered the most commercially successful film of Carrillo's career and her most recognizable role. Though initially weakly received by critics, the film has subsequently gone on to become an action film classic making numerous "best of" lists in later years. At the time of its release, the film received an Oscar nomination for Best Visual Effects.

Post commercial success
Following the commercial success of Predator, and performances in television guest starring roles in Miami Vice and 21 Jump Street, Carrillo increasingly focused her career once again on US film and television, as well as returning to Mexican independent cinema with roles including Guldbagge Award winning La Hija del Puma, Una Cita con el Destino, Ariel Award winning City of the Blind, and the Guillermo del Toro produced Un Embrujo, a winner of 9 Ariel Awards.

Carrillo appeared in Gregory Nava's Mexican-American film My Family playing Isabel Magaña, the El Salvadorean refugee wife of Jimmy Smits, who won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead for the role. The film also won the Casting Society of America's Artios Award for Best Casting for a Drama Feature.

Johnny Depp cast her as the female lead of his only directorial effort, the controversial The Brave, which he also starred in along with Marlon Brando. The film received an Palme d'Or nomination at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival,.

Despite the critical recognition and various nominations throughout her career, Carrillo's first US acting award win was for her performance as Rosa in the drama Bread and Roses, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. Carrillo won the 2002 ALMA Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, and shared the award with Elizabeth Peña.

Carrillo won the same award four years later, this time as sole recipient of the 2006 ALMA Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture for her performance as Sandra in Nine Lives written and directed by Rodrigo García. This was soon followed by a co-starring role in Seven Pounds which starred Will Smith.

Rodrigo García would then once again cast Carrillo, this time to co-star in the ensemble drama Mother and Child, this time sharing the screen and not the podium with Elizabeth Peña as well as Annette Bening, with whom she shares the majority of her scenes. The ensemble film also featured her former My Family co-star Jimmy Smits and Naomi Watts, Kerry Washington, and Samuel L. Jackson. The film premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival and Sundance Film Festival.

She did an episode of ER S6 E16: Under Control

Later career
Carrillo returned to star in the Mexican family comedy Familia Gang and the independent features Relentless and Foreign Land.

She made her return to television with a major recurring arc as Linda Brenner in Nashville and a guest starring role as President Daphne Tejeda on Madam Secretary.

title: Elpidia Carrillo


text:
Yvor Winters

Arthur Yvor Winters (October 17, 1900 – January 25, 1968) was an American poet and literary critic.

Life
Winters was born in Chicago, Illinois and lived there until 1919 except for brief stays in Seattle and Pasadena, where his grandparents lived. He attended the University of Chicago for four-quarters in 1917–18, where he was a member of a literary circle that included Glenway Wescott, Elizabeth Madox Roberts and his future wife Janet Lewis. In the winter of 1918–19 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and underwent treatment for two years in Santa Fe, New Mexico. During his recuperation he wrote and published some of his early poems. On his release from the sanitarium he taught in high schools in nearby mining towns. In 1923 Winters published one of his first critical essays, "Notes on the Mechanics of the Poetic Image," in the expatriate literary journal Secession. That same year he enrolled at the University of Colorado, where he achieved his BA and MA degrees in 1925.

In 1926, Winters married the poet and novelist Janet Lewis, also from Chicago and a fellow tuberculosis sufferer. After leaving Colorado he taught at the University of Idaho and then began the doctoral program at Stanford University. He remained at Stanford after receiving his PhD in 1934, becoming a member of the English faculty and living in Los Altos for the rest of his life. He retired from his Stanford position in 1966, two years before his death from throat cancer. His students included the poets Edgar Bowers, Turner Cassity, Thom Gunn, Donald Hall, Philip Levine, Jim McMichael, N. Scott Momaday, Robert Pinsky, John Matthias, Moore Moran, Roger Dickinson-Brown and Robert Hass, the critic Gerald Graff, and the theater director and writer Herbert Blau. He was also a mentor to Donald Justice, J.V. Cunningham, and Bunichi Kagawa.

He edited the literary magazine Gyroscope with his wife from 1929 to 1931; and Hound & Horn from 1932 to 1934.

He was awarded the 1961 Bollingen Prize for Poetry for his Collected Poems.

As modernist
Winters's early poetry appeared in small avant-garde magazines alongside work by writers like James Joyce and Gertrude Stein and was written in the modernist idiom; it was heavily influenced both by Native American poetry and by Imagism, being described as 'arriving late at the Imagist feast'. His essay "The Testament of a Stone" gives an account of his poetics during this early period. Although beginning his career as an admirer and imitator of the Imagist poets, Winters by the end of the 1920s had formulated a neo-classic poetics. Around 1930, he turned away from modernism and developed an Augustan style of writing, notable for its clarity of statement and its formality of rhyme and rhythm, with most of his poetry thereafter being in the accentual-syllabic form.

As critic
Winters's critical style was comparable to that of F. R. Leavis, and in the same way he created a school of students (of mixed loyalty). His affiliations and proposed canon, however, were quite different: Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence above any one novel by Henry James, Robert Bridges above T. S. Eliot, Charles Churchill above Alexander Pope, Fulke Greville and George Gascoigne above Sidney and Spenser. In his view, "a poem in the first place should offer us a new perception . . . bringing into being a new experience."

He attacked Romanticism, particularly in its American manifestations, and assailed Emerson's reputation as that of a sacred cow. His first book of poems, Diadems and Fagots, takes its title from one of Emerson's poems. In this he was probably influenced by Irving Babbitt. Winters was associated with the New Criticism.

Winters is best known for his argument attacking the "fallacy of imitative form":

 * "To say that a poet is justified in employing a disintegrating form in order to express a feeling of disintegration, is merely a sophistical justification for bad poetry, akin to the Whitmanian notion that one must write loose and sprawling poetry to 'express' the loose and sprawling American continent. In fact, all feeling, if one gives oneself (that is, one's form) up to it, is a way of disintegration; poetic form is by definition a means to arrest the disintegration and order the feeling; and in so far as any poetry tends toward the formless, it fails to be expressive of anything."

title: Yvor Winters


text:
Eidgenossenschaft

Eidgenossenschaft is a German word specific to the political history of Switzerland. It means "oath commonwealth" or "oath alliance" in reference to the "eternal pacts" formed between the Eight Cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy of the late medieval period, most notably in Swiss historiography being the Rütlischwur between the three founding cantons Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, traditionally dated to 1307. In modern usage, it is the German term used as equivalent with "Confederation" in the official name of Switzerland, Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, rendered Confédération and Confederazione in French and Italian, respectively. The related adjective, eidgenössisch, officially translated as Swiss federal, is used in the name of organisations, for example the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The term Eidgenosse (literally: comrade by oath) refers to the individual members of the Eidgenossenschaft. It is attested as early as 1315, in the Pact of Brunnen (as Eitgenoze), referring to the cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. The abstract noun Eidgenossenschaft (mostly contracted to eidgnoszschaft or eidgnoschaft) is attested in the 15th century. In modern usage, Eidgenosse is sometimes used (in archaic or ironic usage) for  "Swiss citizen", especially for those citizens of purely Swiss origin, not immigrated.

In a historical context, Eidgenossenschaft refers to the medieval Swiss Confederacy, which grew from the 13th to the 16th century in central Europe, persisted until 1798 and then evolved into a federal state in the 19th century. When used in this sense, the eternal nature of the pact is necessary—the members of the Dreizehn Orte (Thirteen Cantons), frequently made time-limited alliances sworn by oath with other partners, but such pacts were not considered an Eidgenossenschaft.

The members of an Eidgenossenschaft are called Eidgenossen (singular Eidgenosse). This term is documented in an alliance from 1351 between the communal, countrified lieus of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden and the civic city lieus of Lucerne and Zürich, which referred to themselves as such. In the evolution of the Swiss Confederacy, the members initially were not united by one single pact, but rather by a whole set of overlapping pacts and separate bilateral treaties between various members. The abstraction to the singular use of Eidgenossenschaft, which implies a stronger sense of community and the perception of a strong common cause, did not occur until some forty years later, after the Battle of Sempach, although it began already in the Pfaffenbrief of 1370, a treaty among some of the then eight members of the Swiss Confederacy.

The communal movement in medieval Europe often led to similar alliances or leagues, called conjurationes in the Latin of the official documents of the time. The city alliances (Städtebünde) in the medieval Holy Roman Empire, in which the member cities also were equal, can be regarded as Eidgenossenschaften, too, although they generally proved less stable, partly due to their fragmented territories. The best known of these city alliances was the Hanseatic League, but many others existed in the 13th and 14th century. An early example is the Lombard League at the time of Frederick I "Barbarossa"; an example from Switzerland would be the "Burgundian Confederacy" of Bern.

In the Holy Roman Empire, emperor Charles IV outlawed any such conjurationes, confederationes, and conspirationes in his Golden Bull of 1356. Most Städtebünde were subsequently dissolved, sometimes forcibly, and where refounded, their political influence was much reduced. On the Swiss Eidgenossenschaft, however, the edict had no such effect as Charles IV, who was of the House of Luxembourg, regarded the Swiss as potential useful allies against his rivals, the Habsburgs.

title: Eidgenossenschaft


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title: User:Fqsik/to do


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Hyndland

Hyndland is an affluent residential area in the West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland.

Description
Bordering Broomhill, Dowanhill, Kelvinside and Partickhill, it is a wealthy neighbourhood populated mainly by businessmen, lawyers, GPs, professionals (many employed at the nearby University of Glasgow) and a number of noted authors, poets, actors, comedians and footballers. Average property prices in the area are considerably higher than the Glasgow or Scottish averages.

The area is defined by quiet streets and red sandstone tenements, many of which are fronted by communal city gardens, often embellished with ornate doorway carvings and stained glass windows, built in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. One of the most expensive hotels in Scotland, Devonshire Gardens is located in the area along with several other fine dining options. There are also a number of townhouses built during these periods which contribute significantly to the area's character. While many of these townhouses have been split into multiple apartments to cater to modern urban living, some remain individual properties. This division of property types accounts for the area's unusual demographic. The district is also characterised by its large population of domestic cats.

There are a number of retail outlets in the area including high-quality delicatessens, cafés, hair and beauty salons, photographers, and local service shops. The Glasgow and Hillhead-Jordanhill rugby teams play in the area at Hughenden Stadium. There is also a lawn bowling club (Hyndland Bowling club) which was founded in 1904. There is a local school, Hyndland Secondary School.

The area includes several churches, including Hyndland Parish Church (Church of Scotland) and St. Bride's Church (Scottish Episcopal Church), and there is a Marist House on Partickhill Road. The Church of Christ, Scientist on Hyndland Road was recently demolished, and the former United Presbyterian Church on Hyndland Street is now a theatre, called Cottier's.

Hyndland railway station is on the North Clyde and Argyle lines, offering a direct link to central Glasgow in under ten minutes, and by a number of bus routes. The nearest Subway stations are Hillhead, Partick and Kelvinhall.

Formerly, the area was also served by the huge electric tramway network of the City of Glasgow. Services 1, 5 and 5A provided pollution-free transport on Great Western Road, Byres Road, Hyndland Road and Clarence Drive.

Conservation Area
The Glasgow Corporation designated the "West End Conservation Area" in 1972 and "Hyndland Conservation Area" in 1975. Planning authorities are obliged to "protect and enhance the character and appearance" of such areas, which is why Hyndland has retained so many original architectural features.

Various local buildings including the two churches, the school, the terraces of Kingsborough Gardens, and the one-time Royal Bank of Scotland building have listed building statuses.

Unfortunately there have been numerous breaches of the conservation area status in Hyndland with replacement uPVC windows, particularly in the tenements in Novar, Dudley and Clarence Drives and Airlie Street which have destroyed the visual appeal of these streets.

History
Prior to development, Hyndland was an area of farmland called 'Hind Land' and belonged to the Bishops of Glasgow. The first tenements were built in 1885.

On 13 March 1941, a parachute mine was dropped on Hyndland by the Luftwaffe, destroying three tenement buildings on Dudley Drive. Also, during the war a number of refugee children from Germany and Poland were educated at Hyndland School, many of whom achieved a higher in English.

Notable residents

 * Frankie Boyle, comedian and writer
 * Kevin Bridges, comedian
 * John Burns Brooksby, renowned veterinarian
 * David Calder, actor
 * Andrew Cranston Artist
 * Robert Carlyle, actor
 * John Curtice, psephologist
 * Greg Hemphill, actor and comedian
 * Douglas Henshall, actor
 * Sanjeev Kohli, comedian, writer and actor
 * Liz Lochhead, poet and dramatist
 * Kelly Macdonald, actress
 * Aidan Moffat, musician
 * Dougie Payne, musician
 * Roddy Woomble, musician

title: Hyndland


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Roberto Matta

Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren (November 11, 1911 – November 23, 2002), better known as Roberto Matta, was one of Chile's best-known painters and a seminal figure in 20th century abstract expressionist and surrealist art across the Americas and Europe.

Biography
Matta was of Spanish, Basque and French descent. Born in Santiago, he studied architecture and interior design at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago, and graduated in 1935. That spring, he journeyed from Peru to Panama and completed surreal drawings of many of the geographical features he witnessed. He first encountered Europe while serving in the Merchant Marine after graduating. His travels in Europe and the USA led him to meet artists such as Arshile Gorky, René Magritte, Salvador Dalí, André Breton, and Le Corbusier.

It was Breton who provided the major spur to the Chilean's direction in art, encouraging his work and introducing him to the leading members of the Paris Surrealist movement. Matta produced illustrations and articles for Surrealist journals such as Minotaure. During this period he was introduced to the work of many prominent contemporary European artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp.

The first true flowering of Matta's own art came in 1938, when he moved from drawing to the oil painting for which he is best known. This period coincided with his emigration to the United States, where he lived until 1948. His early paintings, such as Invasion of the Night, give an indication of the work he would continue, with diffuse light patterns and bold lines on a featureless background. This is also the period of the "inscape" series, and the closely related "psychological morphologies". Prof. Claude Cernuschi (see Boston College Matta exhibition external link below) writes, "Matta's key ambition to represent and evoke the human psyche in visual form was filtered through the writings of Freud and the psychoanalytic view of the mind as a three-dimensional space: the 'inscape'." According to the essay on Matta in Crosscurrents of Modernism (see references below), the inscapes' evocative forms "are visual analogies for the artist's psyche" (p. 241). During the 1940s and 1950s, the disturbing state of world politics found reflection in Matta's work, with the canvases becoming busy with images of electrical machinery and distressed figures. The addition of clay to Matta's paintings in the early 1960s lent an added dimension to the distortions.

In his art Matta creates new dimensions in a blend of organic and cosmic lifeforms (see biomorphism). He was one of the first artists to take this abstract leap.

Matta's connections with Breton's surrealist movement were severed following a private disagreement concerning Arshile Gorky and his family. Matta was accused of indirectly causing Gorky's suicide (in response to Matta's relationship with the Armenian-American painter's wife). This led to his expulsion from the group, but by this time Matta's own name was becoming widely known. He divided his life between Europe and South America during the 1950s and 1960s, successfully combining the political and the semi-abstract in epic surreal canvases. Matta believed that art and poetry can change lives, and was very involved in the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s. He was a strong supporter of the socialist government of president Salvador Allende in Chile. A 4x24 meter mural of his entitled The First Goal of the Chilean People, was painted over with 16 coats of paint by the military regime of Augusto Pinochet following their violent overthrow of Salvador Allende in 1973. In 2005 the mural was discovered by local officials. In 2008 the mural was completely restored at a cost of $43,000, and it is displayed today in Santiago at the La Granja city hall.

Throughout his life, Matta worked with many different types of media, including ceramic, photography, and video production.

Matta died in Civitavecchia, Italy on 23 November 2002, eleven days after his 91st birthday.

Matta was married twice: his first wife was Patricia Matta Echaurren (née O'Connell), an American (who later married Pierre Matisse), and his second wife was Germana Ferrari. He is the father of six children. Two died prematurely, leaving his creative legacy to artists Gordon Matta-Clark and his twin brother Sebastian, Ramuntcho Matta, Federica Matta, designer Alisée and artist and writer Pablo Echaurren, whose surname was wrongly recorded at birth.

Group shows
In 2019, his work was included in the group show The Gift of Art, at Pérez Art Museum Miami. The exhibition highlighted important artworks within PAMM's permanent collection on Latinx and Latin American artists. Among the artists featured in the exhibition were José Bedia (Cuba), Teresa Margolles (Mexico), Carmen Herrera (Cuba), Oscar Murillo (Colombia), Amelia Peláez (Cuba), Zilia Sánchez (Cuba), Tunga (Brazil) and Wifredo Lam (Cuba).

Selected list of works

 * Sick Flesh (ca. 1932-1933)
 * The Clown (1934)
 * Untitled (Payasa) (1935)
 * Panama and Wet Sheets (1936)
 * La Forêt, Snail’s Trace, Composición Azul, Scénario No. 1: Succion Panique du Soleil and Morphology (1937)
 * The Red Sun, Space Travel (Star Travel), To Both of You, Crucifixión (Crucifixion), several works titled Psychological Morphology and Morphology of Desire (1938)
 * more works titled Psychological Morphology and Water (1939)
 * Dark Light (1940)
 * Invasion of the Night, Ecouter Vivre, Théorie de l’Arbre, Composition Abstraite, The Initiation (Origine d’un Extrême) and Foeu (1941)
 * The Hanged Man, The End of Everything, The Disasters of Mysticism and The Apples we Know (1942)
 * L’Oeyx, El Día es un Atentado and Redness of Lead (1943)
 * Cover art for the final issue of the magazine VVV, To Escape the Absolute, Et At It, Le Glaive et la Parole and Poing d’Hurlement (1944)
 * La Femme Affamée, Abstracto, The Heart Players and Rêve ou Morte (1945)
 * Le Pélerin du Doute and A Grave Situation (1946)
 * Accidentalité, Metamatician # 12 and Black Mirror (1947)
 * Wound Interrogation and The Prophet (1948)
 * La Revécue and Woman Looked At (1949)
 * C’Ontra Vosotvos Asesinon de Palomas (1950)
 * Ne Songe Plus à Fuir and Les Roses Sont Belles (1951)
 * L'horreur du mal, L'ultime, L'ennemi interieur, La memoria cosmica (1951)
 * Pecador Justificado and Eclosion (1952)
 * Le plus libre (1952)
 * Morning on Earth, Hills a Poppin, The Murder of the Rosenbergs, L’Hosticier and L’Apetite de Primer (1953)
 * Abrir los Brazos Como se Abren los Ojos, Bud Sucker, The Chess Player, L’Atout and Tados Juntos en la Tierra (1954)
 * Le Long Pont, Spearcing of the Grain, L’Engin dans l’Éminence and Intervision (1955)
 * Banale de Venise, Heart Malitte, Fleur de Midi and Le Pianiste (1956)
 * Le Point d’Ombre, L’Impencible, The And of Think and Ciel Volante (1957)
 * La Chasse Spirituelle (started in 1957), Être Cible Nous Monde, L’Etang de No, The Infancy of Concentration, Les Eviteurs and Le Courier (1958)
 * Un Soleil à Qui Sait Reunir, Les Faiseurs du Neant, Gay Above All, The Clan and L’Impensable (Grand Personage) (1959)
 * Couple IV (started in 1959), Être Atout (five part suite), Vers l’Universe, Ciudad Cósmica and Design of Intuition (1960)
 * Vivir Enfrentando las Flechas (1961)
 * Les Moyens du Creafeur, Claustrophobic Vaincue and Mal de Terre (1962)
 * Eve Vielle (1963)
 * Éros Semens (triptych, started in 1962) and La Luz del Proscrito (started in 1963) (1964)
 * La Térre Uni (1965)
 * Le où A Marée Haute and La Promenade de Vénus (1966)
 * Signe of the Times and Morire per Amore (1967)
 * Malitte (modular furniture set designed between 1966 and 1968) and La Caza de Adolescentes (1968)
 * Lieberos, Nude Hiding in the Forest and Verginosamente (1969)
 * Elle Logela Folie, Je-ographie, El Hombre de la Lampara and MAgriTTA Chair (1970)
 * Otto Por Tre, El primer gol del pueblo chileno and Paralelles de la Viel (1971)
 * Coigitum and The Upheaval of One’s Ocean (1972)
 * La Vida Allende la Muerte, Senile d’Incertitude, Migration des Révoltes and Hom’mer (Chaosmos) (suite of ten etchings with aquatint) (1973)
 * Explosant Fixe, Je M’Espionne, Deep Mars, L’Aube Permanente and Cadran d’Incendies (1974)
 * Mas Ceilin and Illumine le Temps (1975)
 * Wake (started in 1974), Une d’Une and Les Voix des Temples (1976)
 * Rooming Life, L’Ombre de l’Invisible and Ouvre l’Instant (1977)
 * Carré-four and Dedalopolous (1978)
 * Polimorfologia (1979)
 * Il Proprio Corno Mio, Laocoontare (La Guerra Delle Idee) and Pyrocentre (1980)
 * Las Scillabas de Scylla, El Espejo de Cronos and El Verbo América (1981)
 * Geomagnética de Danza (started in 1981), Ils Sexplose, Passo Interno di Mercurio, Labirintad and The Sign (1982)
 * Morphologie de la Gaîté, Logos Men and Artificial Lucidity (1983)
 * Ecran de la Mémoire and Le Dauphin de la Memoire (1984)
 * L'Espace Du Point (1985)
 * Mi-mosa, 24 Mai 1986, Une Pierre Qui Regagnera le Ciel and Oeramen, la Conscience est un Arbre Vetroresina (1986)
 * D’Âme et d’Eve (1987)
 * Être Cri (1988)
 * Violetation and L’Envenement Non Identifié (1989)
 * A l’Intérieur de la Rose, Omnipuissance du Rouge, Navigateur and Haiku (1990)
 * Parmi les Désirs and Ma Dame (1991)
 * Champ du Vide, Cosmo-now, Le Désnomeur Rénomme and Farfallacqua (1992)
 * Leaving Your Grass, Vertige du Vertige, Torinox and Colomberos (1993)
 * Vent d’Atomes (1994)
 * Les Arpèges, L’Âme du Fond and Melodia-Melodio (1995)
 * The Road to Heaven, Storming Water River and Redness of Blue (1996)
 * Flowerita and Oak Flower (1997)
 * Youniverso (1998)
 * Blanche ou Fleur (1999)
 * N’ou’s Autres (2000)
 * Chaosmos (2002), Viersen sculpture collection
 * Post History Chicken Flowers, La Dulce Acqua Vita and La Source du Calme (2002)

title: Roberto Matta


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Garnethill

Garnethill is a predominantly residential area of the city of Glasgow, Scotland with a number of important public buildings.

Geography
Located in the city centre, the area borders Cowcaddens to its north, Sauchiehall Street to its south, Cambridge Street to its east with the M8 motorway and Charing Cross forming its western boundary. The hill forms part of the historic Lands of Blythswood which the Douglas-Campbell families sold in stages from the late 18th century onwards, the largest purchaser/developer being William Harley of Blythswood Hill, cotton merchant and builder. Harley laid out Renfrew Street and encouraged the building of villas, which extended round into St George's Road. One major site was developed as Garnethill Observatory in 1810. Later developments included spacious tenements as families moved upward from the overcrowded Cowcaddens. Harley also laid out Blythswood Square.

The area was named Garnet Hill by William Harley, in honour of Professor Thomas Garnett, one of the first professors of Anderson's Institution, known today as Strathclyde University.

Demography
Garnethill is ethnically diverse, with significant ethnically Scottish, Pakistani, Arab, Indian, Chinese and African populations.

Sites
The Glasgow School of Art, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Glasgow Film Theatre are located in Garnethill. It is also the location of Scotland's oldest and first purpose-built synagogue Garnethill Synagogue, founded in 1879, and the Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. Garnethill is also home to St. Aloysius' RC Church, built in 1910.

Schools
Garnetbank Primary School is situated on Renfrew Street opposite Renfrew Street Nursery School.

There is a private school, St Aloysius' College, whose Clavius building and Junior School both recently won architectural awards. St Aloysius' College also have a 4-storey sports complex on Dalhousie Street between Hill Street and Renfrew Street.

Buildings
Garnethill is a conservation area and contains several listed buildings, most significantly Glasgow School of Art designed by Charles Rennie Macintosh. Housing listed includes Breadalbane Terrace built between 1845 - 1855 by Charles Wilson. Heritage buildings which are now apartments include the first Beatson Cancer Hospital, in Hill Street, and the Glasgow High School for Girls, in Buccleuch Street.

The rebuilding of the fire-damaged, and twice gutted, unique Mackintosh Building of Glasgow School of Art in Renfrew Street is awaited.

During the 1960s and 1970s, Garnethill became the principal centre of Scotland's Chinese community, with Cantonese speaking immigrants from Hong Kong settling in the area. Most had already settled in the UK, and moved north from England. As a result, the neighbourhood is home to Glasgow's Chinatown shopping mall on New City Road.

Streets
Garnethill comprises the following streets:
 * West Graham Street
 * Buccleuch Street
 * Hill Street, which was home to 4 of the last 15 Turner Prize winners
 * Renfrew Street
 * Garnet Street
 * Garnethill Street
 * Scott Street
 * Dalhousie Street
 * Rose Street
 * New City Road
 * Shamrock Street
 * Cambridge Street

Community groups
The Community Council is the longest established community group in Garnethill (since 1970's), and is currently operating with all ten positions filled following a contested election held in October 2018. The Community Councillors meet the second Thursday of the month 7pm-9pm, currently on Zoom. The meetings are open to the public and deal with community development, local issues, planning and licensing issues etc. Local councillors, art school liaison and police attend.

A Neighbourhood Watch was setup in 2017 and they hold their public meetings in the Garnethill Multicultural Centre. Police Scotland are normally invited along to provide any updates, and for residents to raise any issues.

The Friends of Garnethill Greenspaces (FROGGS) is a constituted group whose focus is the green spaces of Garnethill, including the Garnethill Park. They organise and publicise regular community meetings e.g. litter picks and firing up of the Bread Oven in the park, etc. They have sourced funding and provided attractive planters on railings around the area.

There is also a Garnetbank Parents Council which has been running for many years, and is a group of parents whose offspring attend the Garnetbank Primary School on Renfrew Street. They operate mainly on Facebook and Twitter.

Literature
Garnethill is the first and title volume of a trilogy of crime novels by Glaswegian author Denise Mina. All three books are predominantly set in and around Garnethill, Glasgow, and its environs.

Notable people

 * Thomas King, botanist, lived at 110 Hill Street

title: Garnethill


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Glacial period

A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.

Quaternary Period
Within the Quaternary, which started about 2.6 million years before present, there have been a number of glacials and interglacials. At least eight glacial cycles have occurred in the last 740,000 years alone.

Penultimate Glacial Period
The Penultimate Glacial Period (PGP) is the glacial period that occurred before the Last Glacial Period. It began about 194,000 years ago and ended 135,000 years ago, with the beginning of the Eemian interglacial.

Last Glacial Period
The last glacial period was the most recent glacial period within the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene, and began about 110,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago. The glaciations that occurred during the glacial period covered many areas of the Northern Hemisphere and have different names, depending on their geographic distributions: Wisconsin (in North America), Devensian (in Great Britain), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), Weichsel (in northern Central Europe), Dali (in East China), Beiye (in North China), Taibai (in Shaanxi) Luoji Shan (in southwest Sichuan), Zagunao (in northwest Sichuan), Tianchi (in the Tian Shan) Jomolungma (in the Himalayas), and Llanquihue (in Chile). The glacial advance reached the Last Glacial Maximum about 26,500 BP. In Europe, the ice sheet reached Northern Germany. Over the last 650,000 years, there have been on average seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat.

Next glacial period
Since orbital variations are predictable, computer models that relate orbital variations to climate can predict future climate possibilities. Work by Berger and Loutre suggests that the current warm climate may last another 50,000 years. The amount of heat trapping (greenhouse) gases being emitted into the Earth's oceans and its atmosphere may delay the next glacial period by an additional 50,000 years.

title: Glacial period