text:
Template talk:Provinces of Afghanistan

What happened to the flag image, i.e. ? A-giau 00:01, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Provinces of Afghanistan


text:
Fundamental theorem of curves

In differential geometry, the fundamental theorem of space curves states that every regular curve in three-dimensional space, with non-zero curvature, has its shape (and size or scale) completely determined by its curvature and torsion.

Use
A curve can be described, and thereby defined, by a pair of scalar fields: curvature $$\kappa$$ and torsion $$\tau$$, both of which depend on some parameter which parametrizes the curve but which can ideally be the arc length of the curve. From just the curvature and torsion, the vector fields for the tangent, normal, and binormal vectors can be derived using the Frenet–Serret formulas. Then, integration of the tangent field (done numerically, if not analytically) yields the curve.

Congruence
If a pair of curves are in different positions but have the same curvature and torsion, then they are congruent to each other.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fundamental theorem of curves


text:
Vulcan Iron Works

Vulcan Iron Works was the name of several iron foundries in both England and the United States during the Industrial Revolution and, in one case, lasting until the mid-20th century. Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and smithery, was a popular namesake for these foundries.

England
During the Industrial Revolution, numerous entrepreneurs independently founded factories named Vulcan Iron Works in England, notably that of Robinson Thwaites and Edward Carbutt at Bradford, and that of Thomas Clunes at Worcester, England. The largest of all the ironworks of Victorian England, the Cleveland Works of Bolckow Vaughan in Middlesbrough, were on Vulcan Street.

Thwaites & Carbutt, Bradford
The Vulcan Works at Thornton Road, Bradford was a spacious and handsome factory. It was described in Industries of Yorkshire as

"the largest of their kind in Bradford, and the centre and headquarters of an industry of magnificent dimensions and condition throughout. The works cover about four acres of ground ... The buildings are all of stone, and the mechanical equipment could not be surpassed in efficacy at the present day, for it includes the latest and best improvements in all kinds of apparatus that can be advantageously brought to bear upon such an industry as that here engaged in. The working staff numbers about 200 men; and the perfection of order and system prevails in each and every department."

Ley's, Derby
The Vulcan Iron Works at Osmaston Road, Derby was founded in 1874 by Francis Ley (1846-1916). On a site occupying 11 acres by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, he manufactured castings for motor cars. The company became the Ley's Malleable Castings Company Ltd. In the London Gazette of April 14, 1876, Ley was granted a patent for "improvements in apparatus for locking and fastening nuts on fish plate and other bolts". The iron foundry was closed and demolished in 1986.

McKenzie, Clunes & Holland, Worcester

The Vulcan Iron Works at Cromwell Street, Worcester was founded in 1857 by Thomas Clunes (b. 1818, d. 28 September 1879). The firm started out as "Engineers, Millwrights, Iron & Brass Founders, Plumbers etc", according to the listing in Kelly's Directory. The works had a single tall tapering square chimney, a covered area with open sides, and a handsome main building on a largely open site on the west side of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal.

By 1861, Clunes, a former "Plumber and Brass Founder" from Aberdeen, Scotland living in St Martin's, Worcester, with nine children, was a "Master Engineer employing 104 men and 10 boys"; his son Robert at age 11 was an "Apprentice to Engineer". In 1861, Clunes was joined by two former railwaymen, McKenzie and Holland, and the firm moved into railway signalling equipment. Clunes retired to Fowey, Cornwall, and his name was dropped from the company's name in the 1870s. The entry in the Worcestershire Post Office Directory for 1876 is simply "RAILWAY SIGNAL MANFRS. McKenzie & Holland, Vulcan Iron Works, Worcester."

Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willows
The Vulcan Foundry at Newton-le-Willows produced ironwork for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as locomotives.

Vulcan Iron Works, Langley Mill
The G R Turner company's Vulcan Iron Works at Langley Mill, Derbyshire was built in 1874. GR Turner produced railway rolling stock until the 1960s; at its peak it employed 350 men. According to Grace's Guide, G R Turner was established in 1863; it became a Limited Company in 1902, and was registered on 29 January 1903 as acquiring T N Turner's business of "engineer, wheel and wagon maker"; in 1914 it was described as "Colliery Engineers" as well as making rolling stock, with 800 engineers.

Vulcan Ironworks, Preston

In 1857 the firm of Baxendale and Gregson was founded in Shepherd Street, Preston, Lancashire. When the works there became too small, the business moved to a new Vulcan Ironworks, built at Salter Street, just off North Road, Preston, under the name Gregson and Monk.

In 1873, James Gregson bought 82 acres of land at Fulwood; in 1876 he built Highgate Park mansion with the land as its extensive gardens. He owned much property in Preston and was a councillor of Fulwood District. His son George Frederick Gregson ran the firm after him.

When Monk retired in March 1874, James Gregson became sole proprietor. He employed about 400 men, making up to 100 weaving looms per week. Over 25,000 looms made by Gregson were claimed to be at work in or near Preston in 1884.

The machines made by the firm included:

"Silk looms, circular and drop-box looms, fustian looms, Turkish towel looms, jacquard looms, dobby looms, Bradford looms, sheeting, linen and sailcloth looms, etc., for weaving all kinds of cotton, linen, worsted, silk, flax, hemp, jute, and woollen goods of various widths and strength—principally shirtings, jaconets, domestic tablecloths, twills, sheetings, counterpanes, checks, ginghams, quiltings, toilet cloths, handkerchiefs, Turkish towels, fustians, nankeens, cotton velvets, bedticks, cambrics, drapers, hucks, damask, towels, &c. Also all kinds of preparing machinery, viz., slasher sizing machines, pirning machines, beaming machines, cloth folding and measuring machines, hydraulic cloth presses, steam drying machines, &c."

The ironworks was reported in 1884 to have grindstones of 7 ft (2 metre) diameter; "two cupolas blown by fans, one of which is capable of melting twenty tons of metal per day"; cranes and hoists; a brass moulding shop; a sand mill (for the mouldings); and a machine for grinding coal to dust. The buildings included a draughtsmen's office; a pattern makers' and joiners' shop; a packing room; an erecting and turning shop; and a smithy. All the machines were driven by rope from a single large wheel; two horizontal steam engines powered the entire ironworks. The journalist noted that "The death rate among grinders is very high indeed, which it is almost impossible to prevent."

Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Vulcan Iron Works, based in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, manufactured railroad locomotives such as those shown in the illustration. The company was established in 1849 by Richard Jones. It built locomotives such as the preserved Berlin Mills Railway 7 (1911), and by 1944 was constructing both steam and diesel locomotives, as illustrated (right). The company ceased operation in 1954, and its assets were acquired by General Industrial Locomotive Corp.

War-time service
In February 1944, before the 'D-Day' Normandy landings, the company claimed

"Today, hundreds of Vulcan locomotives are rendering vitally important war-time service, both at home and overseas, and our shops are working at top speed to complete urgent orders for Army, Navy and defense plant requirements. Tomorrow, more and larger Vulcan locomotives will be available to help rebuild a war-torn world. Our manufacturing facilities are being enlarged and improved ...."

Locomotives
Vulcan produced a wide variety of steam locomotives, mostly small but some with up to eight driving wheels. With the advent of internal combustion technology, the firm began producing small locomotives fueled not only with gasoline, but also benzine, alcohol, kerosene and naptha. Vulcan produced its first diesel locomotives in the 1920s; a total of 54 diesel-electric switcher units (each weighing 25 ST or more) came out of Vulcan's shops between 1938 and 1954. Its largest unit was a 70 ST B-B unit built for Carnegie Steel Company in 1944. It also constructed the TCDD 56301 Class for the Turkish State Railways in 1947.

Vulcan built a large number of gasoline-powered locomotives with a mechanical drive, such as the Maumelle Ordnance Works Locomotive 1, built in 1942.

Seattle
The Vulcan Iron Works in Seattle had Jacob Furth as its president. Furth ran the Vulcan Iron Works along with the Puget Sound Electric Railway and street railways on the Puget Sound.

San Francisco
A Vulcan Iron Works was established at 135 Fremont Street, San Francisco in 1850 during the California gold rush. The factory occupied the block bounded by Fremont, Mission, Howard, and First Streets. The factory maintained the name through a number of owners building boilers, steam engines, mining machinery, sawmills, and some relatively primitive steam locomotives for 19th century California railroads. It built the Oregon Pony in 1861. The factory was destroyed by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but steel fabrication activities resumed on the site after the quake.

Charleston
There was a Vulcan Iron Works on Cumberland Street, Charleston, South Carolina in 1865.

title: Vulcan Iron Works


text:
Girls Just Want to Have Fun (disambiguation)

"Girls Just Want to Have Fun" is the first major single released by Cyndi Lauper.

Girls Just Want to Have Fun may also refer to:

Television

 * "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun", an episode in the television series Xena: Warrior Princess
 * "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", an episode from season 2 of Degrassi The Next Generation
 * "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", an episode from season 2 of Married... with Children
 * "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", an episode from the first season of mixed-ish

Other uses

 * Girls Just Want to Have Fun (film), starring Shannen Doherty and Sarah Jessica Parker
 * Girls Just Want to Have Fun (soundtrack)
 * "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" (Shaggy song), a song by reggae musician Shaggy featuring Eve
 * "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", a song by Ecco2K and Bladee from the album Crest


text:
Oppenheimer (surname)

Oppenheimer is a toponymic surname, derived from the German town Oppenheim, common among Germans and Ashkenazi Jews. Most uses refer to J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), the American physicist who headed the Manhattan Project. Other notable people with the surname include:

In arts and media

 * Alan Oppenheimer (born 1930), American film actor
 * Andrés Oppenheimer (born 1951), Argentine author and journalist known for his analysis of Latin American politics
 * Jerry Oppenheimer (fl. 1980s–2010s), American biographer
 * Jess Oppenheimer (1913–1988), American radio and television writer, producer, and director, creator of I Love Lucy
 * Joel Oppenheimer (1930–1988), American writer
 * Joshua Oppenheimer (born 1974), American film director
 * Joshua Oppenheimer (fl. 2000s–2020s), American screenwriter
 * Lillian Oppenheimer (1898–1992), American origami pioneer
 * Max Oppenheimer (1885–1954), Austrian painter and graphic artist
 * Meaghan Oppenheimer (born 1986), American screenwriter and producer
 * Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947), British paediatrician, geneticist, and writer on genetics and human prehistory

Minerals

 * Bernard Oppenheimer (1866–1921), South African and British diamond merchant and philanthropist, brother of Ernest
 * Ernest Oppenheimer (1880–1957), diamond and gold mining entrepreneur and financier; controlled De Beers and founded the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, brother of Bernard
 * Harry Oppenheimer (1908–2000), South African businessman of De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited, son of Ernest
 * Nicky Oppenheimer (born 1945), chairman of De Beers and of The Diamond Trading Company, son of Harry

Other businesses

 * Damon Oppenheimer (born 1962), Vice President and Director of Amateur Scouting for the New York Yankees
 * Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698–1738), financial adviser to Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
 * Samuel Oppenheimer (1635–1703), Jewish banker
 * Peter Oppenheimer (fl. 1980s–2020s), American business executive, first CFO of Apple Inc

In government and law

 * Charles Cuprill Oppenheimer (1916–2011), lawyer and Rotary District Governor for Puerto Rico
 * David Oppenheimer (1834–1897), second mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * Kay Oppenheimer (fl. 2000s), member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
 * Reuben Oppenheimer (1897–1982), justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals
 * Santiago Oppenheimer (1869 – ca. 1930), mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, in 1906
 * Suzi Oppenheimer (born 1934), New York politician

In science and academia

 * Clive Oppenheimer (born 1964), British volcanologist
 * Daniel M. Oppenheimer (fl. 2000s–2020s), American professor of psychology at UCLA
 * Frank Oppenheimer (1912–1985), American physicist, brother of J. Robert Oppenheimer, founder of the Exploratorium in San Francisco
 * Franz Oppenheimer (1864–1943), German sociologist and political economist
 * Hillel Oppenheimer (1899–1971), Israeli professor of botany, son of Franz
 * Jane M. Oppenheimer (1911–1996), American embryologist and historian of science
 * Katherine Oppenheimer (1910–1972), German-American biologist, wife of J. Robert Oppenheimer
 * Melanie Oppenheimer (born 1957), Australian historian
 * Michael Oppenheimer (born 1946), American professor of geosciences at Princeton University, authority on climate change
 * Rebecca Oppenheimer (born 1972), American astrophysicist
 * Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947), British popular science writer in prehistory

In other fields

 * Damon Oppenheimer (born 1962), Vice President and Director of Amateur Scouting for the New York Yankees
 * David Oppenheim (rabbi) (1664–1736), also called Oppenheimer, rabbi of Prague and bibliophile
 * Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer (1901–1974), also known as Isabel la Negra, Puerto Rican madam
 * Joseph Oppenheimer (1820–1893), German-British businessman and inventor of telegraphic equipment
 * Josh Oppenheimer (born 1969), Israeli-American basketball coach, and former basketball player
 * Thomas Oppenheimer (born 1988), German ice hockey player

title: Oppenheimer (surname)


text:
User talk:Sloppy

ClockworkTroll 00:09, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sloppy


text:
National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)

The National Liberation Party (Partido Liberación Nacional, PLN), nicknamed the verdiblancos ("green and whites"), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social-democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives.

History
In 1948, a rebel group called National Liberation Army commanded by caudillo José Figueres Ferrer led a rebellion against the government of then President Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and his communist allies. After the Civil War the rebels were victorious and Figueres took power de facto. Yet, Figueres did not overrule the social reforms made by Calderón and allies, like Social Security, almost free college education and Labor Laws but kept them and even made a series of progressive reforms himself like abolishing the army and introducing taxation on capital. Figueres gave up power in favor of the democratically elected president Otilio Ulate in 1949.

In 1951, the Social Democratic Party, the Centre for the Study of National Problems and the group Democratic Action formed the National Liberation Party in October 12 in order to participate in the 1953 election, the first election since the civil war, with Figueres as nominee and democratic socialism as their ideology. This election was very controversial as many parties were unable to participate, among others Calderon’s Republican Party and the Communists. Figueres won easily over the only other candidate with 60% of the votes.

For the 1958 general election, the PLN was split, as Jorge Rossi left the party after losing in the primaries and was basically an independent candidate thus splitting the Social Democrat vote. The PLN suffers it first defeat as oppositional candidate, liberal Mario Echandi, won the election with the support of Calderón. However, after this time, PLN will be clearly Costa Rica’s dominant party in the political system as only when the opposition ran united were capable of winning. This was the case in the 1966 and 1978 election, the rest of the time PLN’s nominees tended to win easily.

In 1986, then younger leader Óscar Arias won the party’s nomination facing the traditional leadership of the party, including Figueres. Arias won also the country’s presidency and his role in the negotiation of a peace agreement to stop the Central American Wars earned him the Nobel Peace Prize. Some critics inside and outside the party pointed Arias’ administration as more neo-liberal than socialist and as a switch from PLN’s traditional progressive views.

It wasn't until 1983 when the Unity Coalition merged into the Social Christian Unity Party that PLN had to confront what was basically a party of the same dimensions. It is after this time that Costa Rica enters a two-party system with PLN and PUSC as the two main political forces and between the two 90% of the vote casting. However, in the 2000s, a new party was founded by many former PLN and PUSC leaders, among them former minister and deputy Ottón Solís, former First Lady Margarita Penón (Óscar Arias’ ex-wife) and notable writer and journalist Alberto Cañas. The new party named Citizens Action Party attracted many progressive voters dissatisfied with PLN’s turn to the right and is often pointed as one of the reasons for PLN’s nominee Rolando Araya’s defeat in the 2002 general election. In any case, after PUSC’ catastrophic debacle in 2005 due to a series of corruption scandals PAC became PLN’s main political rival. This was particularly notorious in the 2006 election with Óscar Arias looking for re-election and PAC’s candidate Ottón Solís. Most Costa Ricans showed mixed feelings over Arias, some admiring him and some others very oppose to his figure. That and the issue of CAFTA that polarized public opinion as basically half the population was in favor and half against apparently was translated into the voting polls as Arias (who was pro-CAFTA) and Solís (who was anti-CAFTA) were practically tied after the election. Arias won by a very slight margin of some 22,000 votes after an exhaustive counting.

In the same year's parliamentary election, the party won 25 out of 57 seats. In the 2010 general election, Laura Chinchilla, the previous vice-president and the PLN candidate, won the election with an initial count of 47 percent.

A newspaper poll in July 2011 showed a decline in party popularity. Commentary on the poll pointed to an inherited fiscal crisis, border friction with Nicaragua, and natural disasters the previous November as contributing factors to public discontent.

In 2013, PLN’s candidate was San José Mayor since 1982 Johnny Araya (Rolando Araya’s brother) after other aspirants like former Presidential Minister Rodrigo Arias (Óscar Arias’ brother) and former president José María Figueres (José Figueres’ son) dropped from the race due to be very low in the polls making a primary unnecessary. Araya was the frontrunner for a while in most polls but he went second in the first electoral round earning only 29% of the votes, the lowest percentage ever for a PLN’s nominee, and behind PAC’s nominee Luis Guillermo Solís. For the run-off election Araya resign his candidacy arguing that he had no more money to run a campaign and that all polls showed him losing by wide margin. Effectively in the second round Solís won with 78% of the votes (1.3 million voters) and Araya gained only 22%.

Araya was expelled from the party after a resolution of the Ethics Committee due to his resignation as candidate in the second round (something unconstitutional, as the Constitution does not allow resigning a candidacy) thus Araya ran for Mayor of San José with a local party winning the election in the 2016 municipal election, in which PLN was the most voted party, yet it lost 14 mayoralties and received much fewer votes that in the previous municipal election.

The party, as then main opposition to Luis Guillermo Solís's government, went into a very divisive primary in which then deputy Antonio Álvarez Desanti won over former president José María Figueres. Internal fighting made impossible to reach an agreement among the factions leading to Figueres withdrawing his support of Desanti's nomination. Desanti, who had previously left the party whilst criticizing it for corruption and abandoning its social-democratic ideology, had the support of Oscar Arias and his brother Rodrigo, however. Nevertheless its results in the 2018 Costa Rican general election were crushing, as the party suffered its worst defeat in history with only 18% of votes and failing to gain a spot in the run-off ending as third for the first time in its history.

Party leadership
Presidents of the party:

 * Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich, 1952-1956
 * María Teresa Obregón Zamora, 1956-1957
 * Rafael París Steffens, 1957-1958
 * José Figueres Ferrer, 1958-1970
 * Daniel Oduber Quirós, 1970-1974
 * José Figueres Ferrer, 1974-1993
 * Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales, 1993-1994
 * Manuel Aguilar Bonilla, 1994-1995
 * Rolando Araya Monge, 1995-1999
 * Sonia Picado Sotela, 1999-2001
 * Mireya Hernández, 2001-2002
 * Ana Gabriela Ross, 2002
 * Marielos Sancho Barquero, 2002-2003
 * Francisco Antonio Pacheco, 2003-2010
 * Bernal Jiménez Monge, 2010-2015
 * José María Figueres Olsen, 2015-2016
 * Jorge Pattoni Sáenz, interim, 2016-2019
 * Guillermo Constenla Umaña, 2019
 * Kattia Rivera Soto, interim, 2019-2022
 * Ricardo Sancho Chavarría, 2022-

title: National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)


text:
Fine Young Cannibals (album)

Fine Young Cannibals is the debut studio album released in 1985 by the band of the same name. The album features the UK #8 debut hit single "Johnny Come Home".

This success did not continue with the next single, "Blue", which languished at #41 in the UK. The version of "Blue" on the original U.S. and Canadian vinyl LP and cassette was re-mixed and edited in an attempt to boost its commercial appeal. The re-mix version features additional electronically processed percussion overdubs, giving it a sound more typical of 1980s synthpop hits. Currently available CDs feature the re-mix version of "Blue" in place of the original U.S. album version.

Critical reception
Sounds writer Carole Linfield gave it a four and a half out of five rating. Stewart Mason, in an AllMusic retrospective review, commented that the album "is a powerful and satisfying debut".

Track listing
Songs composed by Roland Gift and David Steele except where noted.
 * 1) "Johnny Come Home" - 3:35
 * 2) "Couldn't Care More" - 3:30
 * 3) "Don't Ask Me to Choose" (Andy Cox, Gift, Steele) - 3:05
 * 4) "Funny How Love Is" (Cox, Gift, Steele) - 3:28
 * 5) "Suspicious Minds" (Mark James) - 3:56
 * 6) "Blue" (Cox, Gift, Steele) - 3:31
 * 7) "Move to Work" - 3:26
 * 8) "On a Promise" - 3:06
 * 9) "Time Isn't Kind" (Cox, Gift, Steele) - 3:12
 * 10) "Like a Stranger" - 3:28

 * Additional tracks on 1986 edition
 * 1) "Johnny Come Home" (Extended mix) - 5:43
 * 2) "Suspicious Minds" (Suspicious mix) (Mark James) - 7:52

Personnel

 * Fine Young Cannibals
 * Roland Gift – vocals
 * Andy Cox – guitar, organ on "Time Isn't Kind"
 * David Steele – bass, piano, keyboards
 * Additional musicians
 * Martin Parry – drums
 * Graeme Hamilton – trumpet, piano solo on "Time Isn't Kind"
 * Gavyn Wright – violin
 * Saxa – saxophone on "Funny How Love Is"
 * Beverlei Brown, Gloria Brown, Maxine Brown – backing vocals on "Like a Stranger"
 * Jimmy Somerville – backing vocals on "Suspicious Minds"
 * Jenny Jones – drums, backing vocals on "Couldn't Care More"
 * Technical
 * Alvin Clark – engineer
 * Mike Pela, Robin Millar - mixing
 * Anton Corbijn – front cover photography

title: Fine Young Cannibals (album)


text:
Another 48 Hrs.

Another 48 Hrs. is a 1990 American buddy cop film directed by Walter Hill and starring Eddie Murphy, Nick Nolte, Brion James, Andrew Divoff, and Ed O'Ross. It is the sequel to the 1982 film 48 Hrs. Nolte reprises his role as San Francisco police officer Jack Cates, who has 48 hours to clear his name from a manslaughter charge. To do so, he again needs the help of Reggie Hammond (Murphy), who is a newly released convict. At the same time, a mastermind known only as the Iceman has hired a biker gang to kill Reggie.

Plot
Veteran San Francisco Police Inspector Jack Cates has been after drug dealer the "Iceman" for the past four years. At the Hunter's Point Raceway, Jack confronts Tyrone Burroughs and Arthur Brock. Jack kills Brock, while Burroughs escapes. Despite killing Brock in self-defense, Jack is now under investigation, as Brock's gun cannot be found at the scene. Blake Wilson, the head of the Internal Affairs division, becomes determined to prosecute Jack on a third-degree manslaughter charge. Jack finds a picture that proves that the Iceman has put a price on the head of Reggie Hammond, who is scheduled to be released from prison the next day.

Reggie has completed his prison term for robbing a payroll (a crime for which he claims complete innocence), which he had been serving six months before. He is scheduled to be released. Jack tries to convince Reggie to help him clear his name and find the Iceman. Reggie requests that Jack gives him the $500,000 that Jack has been holding on to for him. Jack refuses to give Reggie the money unless Reggie helps him. After the bus transporting Reggie is attacked by two bikers and Jack gets shot, Jack forces Reggie to help him by having the hospital release Reggie into his custody. Reggie recognizes one of the two bikers as Richard "Cherry" Ganz, the brother of Albert Ganz, the escaped convict Jack killed years earlier. Cherry (who Reggie says, "makes (Albert) Ganz look like Gandhi") and his partner Willie Hickok are the hitmen hired to kill Reggie. Burroughs, who works for the Iceman, was trying to hire Brock as insurance, just in case Cherry and Hickok failed. When the Iceman murders Hickok's primary contact man, Malcolm Price, Hickok kills Burroughs, after the latter reveals himself to be an associate of the Iceman.

Reggie is captured by Cherry and Hickok, and Jack confronts the two criminals at a local nightclub where Ben Kehoe—Jack's friend and fellow officer—is revealed to be the Iceman, with another detective, Frank Cruise, serving as an accomplice. A gunfight ensues, with Jack wounding Hickok and killing Cruise. After killing both Hickok and Cherry, Reggie is held captive by Kehoe and used as a human shield. Reggie sarcastically begs Jack to shoot him. Jack does so, firing a shot into Reggie's shoulder, wounding him and throwing him off Kehoe. Jack then shoots Kehoe, killing him. Before Reggie is transported to the hospital, Jack lets him know of the money he took off the Iceman and will meet him at the hospital to talk about it. As the ambulance leaves with Reggie, Jack realizes that Reggie has once again stolen his lighter.

Development and writing
Eddie Murphy had been paid $200,000 for his role in the original film. By the time of the sequel, his fee was $12,000,000 up front, plus a percentage of the gross.

The film was based on an original story by Murphy who asked Hill if he was interested in directing. I was, to tell you the truth, a little skeptical. They usually come out twice as expensive and half as good. Not always. I think the Leone movies always got better, and there are a few others. And I felt the studio might encourage me to make a softer film, and if you made a softer version of 48 Hours you're going to have Beverly Hills Cop... So Eddie jumped up, and he convinced me he really very much wanted to do a movie that represented the spirit of the first one, with a lot of street energy and the hard edges of the original. Then Nolte called me a day later, and said, 'Whaddya think, Walt?' ... Nick said, 'If we do one and it stinks, we're still batting .500, which I assume is pretty good in the American League.

Hill added that "the plot – which Eddie suggested – is actually kind of intriguing. So why not do it?... A lot of folks will say I'm just doing it for the money. What I want to know is, why do they think I made the first one?"

Post-production
The original workprint of the film was 145 minutes long. It was cut by either director Walter Hill or the Paramount studio down to 120 minutes, and a week before its summer theatrical release an additional 25 minutes were cut out by Paramount, making a final theatrical version 95 minutes long, but also creating a lot of plot holes and continuity mistakes in the film. Frank McRae's reprisal of his role from the original 48 Hrs. was entirely cut except for a brief, uncredited shot of him in the background of one scene in the police station. Also removed was a scene which was partially shown in the theatrical trailer in which Jack explains to Reggie that he has a deadline to track down the Iceman; as such, there is no mention of '48 hours' anywhere in the final film. Brion James, also returning from the original, saw his role severely cut down as well, to create a faster-paced action-comedy. In an interview, James said this about the cuts made on the film:Total Recall came out a week before Another 48 Hrs. (1990) that summer, it made twenty-five million, became the number one movie in the country and the studio panicked because they had invested a lot in the 48 Hours films, but they felt that at well over two hours, that the movie might be too much. My stuff was in there until one week before the film opened; that is when they cut twenty-five minutes out of that movie, a week before it opened. It went from around 140 to down around 95 minutes. They said, "Cut all the behavior, action, comedy..." I lost every major scene I had. That's the last time I ever cared about a movie because I went to the press screening and it was like getting kicked in the stomach, seeing what is not there. I was the third lead and now I looked like a dressed extra. All the stuff that they had in the set-up, stuff in the trailer, all those scenes were gone.

Music

 * 1) "The Boys Are Back In Town" - Jesse Johnson 4:01
 * 2) "Give It All You Got" - Curio 4:37
 * 3) "I Just Can't Let It End" - Curio 3:52
 * 4) Another 48 Hrs., film score~The Courthouse - James Horner 3:18
 * 5) Another 48 Hrs., film score~Main Title - James Horner 4:11
 * 6) Another 48 Hrs., film score~King Mei Shootout - James Horner 7:36
 * 7) Another 48 Hrs., film score~Birdcage Battle - James Horner 4:43
 * 8) I'll Never Get You Out of This World Alive - Michael Stanton 2:25

Box office
The film grossed more at the US box office than its predecessor and made $72.7 million from foreign markets for a total of $153.5 million. However this was considered a box office disappointment and because the film was so costly, profits were minimized. Murphy accused Paramount of not spending enough on advertising and changing the release date. Paramount counter-alleged that Murphy did not spend enough time promoting the film. This led to tension in the long-running relationship between Murphy and Paramount.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 19% based on 36 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Even the return of Eddie Murphy, Nick Nolte, and director Walter Hill can't hide the lazy, patchwork quality of Another 48 Hrs." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 23 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Vincent Canby of The New York Times stated that it was "as much a star vehicle for Mr. Murphy as The Gorgeous Hussy once was for Joan Crawford. The Crawford name isn't idly invoked. You have to go back to the old MGM days to find movies that, with every gesture, let the audience know it was watching a star." Canby continued, "Though the body count is high, all of the people killed are faceless or only minor characters, until the end. It's as if the movie were saying that lethal violence is acceptable (and fun) as long as the victims–like the victims of guided missiles and high-altitude bombing–remain anonymous. Any comedy that allows the mind to ponder high-altitude bombing is in deep trouble."

Los Angeles Times critic Peter Rainer called it "a crude rehashing of the high points of the first film." Ranier singled out director Hill, who he said "surely recognizes the hollowness of what he's doing here. He tries to ram through the muddled exposition as quickly as possible; essentially, the film is wall-to-wall mayhem, with more shots of hurled bodies shattering windows than I've ever seen in a movie."

title: Another 48 Hrs.


text:
User:Poccil/CPsandbox

PoccilPeter O. (Talk, automation script) 07:46, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

PoccilPeter O. (Talk, automation script)| 07:49, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 07:49, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 20:38, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Poccil/CPsandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ruzwana Bashir

Ruzwana Bashir was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - no consensus

Please Note While no wording of running text has been changed, i have reformatted several votes to facilitate accurate counting of votes, without adding signed explanatory notes to each of them. --Jerzy(t) 07:41, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)

The subject of this article does not wish to have her name in various online encylopaedias and dictionaries, which are clones of Wikipedia. The history of posts attributed to her name includes some highly offensive and hurtful content, and major factual inaccuracies which unfairly portray her in a negative light. These posts have been maliciously edited by those who are jealous and spiteful of her, also responsible for factually incorrect and misleading content in the media. I urge voters to respect the wishes of the subject, and prevent a history of offensive posts from being permenantly available online. Instead, she could be briefly referred to in the main Oxford Union page. 163.1.141.7 00:17, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Note anon. nomination does not count as an automatic del vote.  --Jerzy(t) 07:41, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)
 * Delete You know, whether this is slander or not, I don't care. This is an article about the internal politics of a campus organization.  Granted, it's a famous campus organization, but I don't think that an article about the battle for editorship of The Crimson would be worth a tinker's damn, either.  This is non-notable at this point, so delete. Geogre 01:30, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: wrong side of the line. Merits a 1-liner in the main Oxford Union page. Ruzwana Bashir was added by the same anonymous editor who added the Matthew Richardson vanity article (which survived vfd last May, see the page history), presumably since Bashir is/was a minor player in Richardson's world. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:53, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Petty frivolous student politics. 129.67.16.88 03:00, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Anonymous votes don't count.Alberuni 03:57, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC) -- & struck thru by Jerzy(t) 07:41, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)

 * Merge into Oxford Union; does not deserve its own article. Note that the "libel" and "wishes of the subject" issues are frivolous and invalid reasons to delete. See Talk:Ruzwana Bashir and User talk:163.1.141.7. • Benc • 03:44, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment 1: we have 43 articles in Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union. Some of these should probably be merged into Oxford Union, too. • Benc • 04:13, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment 2: if the consensus is to merge, it should contain everything that's already been written, not just a one-liner. Why would we ever want to lose information when merging? Encyclopedic == comprehensive. • Benc • 04:17, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment 3: Disagree with the above. The only content worthy of inclusion is the first line. The rest is campus-based student politics, irrelevant outside the campus, and indeed irrelevant to most within the university. 129.67.16.83 11:54, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Question: Do all these presidents of the Oxford Union get articles because they were presidents of the Oxford Union, or because of the various notable things they did after graduating. Taking my Crimson example, above, I'll bet that most of its chief editors of the past 100 years went on to be important folks.  That's not the question.  The question is whether a political struggle within a campus organization is something of sufficient international import to be a separate article.  Does it serve our users to have these breakouts?  If the information is present at Oxford Union, then separate articles are duplication.  If the information isn't at Oxford Union, then it is isolated and starved for people who search these people solely due to their Oxford Union context.  It is only when they are notable as separate entities that they should be treated as separate articles. Geogre 04:42, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Answer: most, but not all, of those 43 people have done other notable things. I fully agree with you that simply being the president of a campus organization does not make you notable, which is why I voted merge, not keep. Some of their personal info can be removed, but the whole Bashir controversy seems like a big thing within the context of Oxford Union, so I think it deserves a section. • Benc • 04:47, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. I don't know if she's famous or not, but wish to comment that it doesn't matter if she doesn't want to be mentioned in here or not. If she's notable, and a good article could be written, then one should be created. If not, then not. Her thoughts don't matter on this issue. --Improv 03:49, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep I've changed my mind based on info provided by User:Benc above. If 43 other presidents of Oxford Union get wikipages then so should Ruzwana Bashir. Alberuni 04:32, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Please base your decision on whether this president is notable. If there are other non-notable Union presidents on Wikipedia, then the correct solution is to remove them, rather than using them as an excuse to add more non-notable content. Pnot 08:40, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 43 other former Presidents of The Oxford Union are listed because they have done something notable afterwards - for example Tariq Ali and Benazir Bhutto. This subject has not done anything notable. When she does she can be included. 129.67.16.83 11:54, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Oxford Union, or failing that delete. Nobody becomes notable by being president of the Oxford Union. Even within Oxford University, very few people care about the political machinations of the Oxford Union. If any other Union presidents are on Wikipedia solely for having been Union presidents, they should also be VfD'd. In short, I agree with User:Geogre's comments above. Pnot 08:40, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a well-known organization, so I don't see why we shouldn't have its presidents here solely by virtue of being its presidents. --Delirium 13:48, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Union was founded in 1823 and elections are held termly, giving us potentially around 540 presidents. Please let's not have articles on all of them. If you're saying that Bashir needs an article solely because she's a Union president, what's the argument against an article on, say, whoever was president in Michaelmas Term, 1834? If Bashir's notable within the context of the Union, she goes on the Union page. Were she notable in her own right, she'd deserve her own article. I agree that in many cases the presidents of well-known organizations are well-known, but that's because, generally, you have to be prominent in your field to become president of a prominent organization -- they're presidents because they're notable, rather than being notable because they're presidents. The Oxford Union is an exception: as young students, its presidents are generally not notable at the time when they are presidents; many of them achieve notability later in life, but many others do not. Pnot 21:11, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. First asian woman to hold the post, therefore notable. Article seems NPOV. I don't think all Oxford Union presidents are necessarily notable, but she seems to be.   — Gwalla | Talk 03:12, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No, she's the first British-born asian woman to hold the post -- Benazir Bhutto was (I believe) the first asian woman to hold it back in 1977 (but that's not why she's in Wikipedia; the article doesn't even mention the fact). I think this is a little too specialized to count as a notable first. Well, maybe it's notable solely within the context of the Oxford Union, but in that case it belongs in the Oxford Union article. Pnot 05:58, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * (half-hearted) Keep President of the Oxford Union is an important post -- several British prime ministers have held it. Cabalamat 21:53, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Untrue. Several people who held it have (much) later gone on to become British prime ministers, which is a very different thing. I fail to see how this confers notability everyone else who has ever held the post. Are you really saying you want articles on (potentially) 540 former Union presidents? Pnot 04:37, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Note that the people saying Keep are uninformed. Delirium and Cabalamat: 3 Presidents are elected every year, should all 500+ of them have a page? No, only if they do something notable after being president. Gwalla: First Asian woman to be President was Benazir Bhutto, first Asian to be President was Tariq Ali, and first British-born Asian to be President was IndraNeil Mahapatra. But is first (a) British-born (b) Asian (c) female (d) to be President notable? No.
 * Invalid vote: unsigned & cast by anon IP who nominated the article.
 * Del. With that in mind, delete. Ambi 07:23, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. Many people who have held the position of Student at Oxford University have gone on to greater things. We should therefore have articles on all of Oxford students.  Maybe not.  Delete Dsmdgold 14:05, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. No compelling evidence of notability is offered. Probably others among the 43 should be deleted, but that is not a prerequisite for deleting her; we should handle them one by one, and neither side's advocates are under special obligation to hunt them down. --Jerzy(t) 00:10, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. I first mentioned the other 42 because it's a relevant fact. I never meant to imply that we should let that get in the way of deciding what to do about Ruzwana Bashir. (My vote to merge stands, by the way.) • Benc • 00:39, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Since the Oxford Union is quite notable, the fact that it has had a protracted period of disputed leadership is notable as well -- especially since 1) the problem has persisted for two election cycles, 2) this is an interesting facet of any notable organization that is run by students, and 3) this is an interesting facet of the maturation and increasing openness of organizations affliated with ancient, formerly non-coed universities. Would support moving it into a section of leadership disputes on the Oxford Union page. Chrisvls 22:27, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and create a redirect. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 01:15, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, and I don't see a need for a redirect. Holding a post which some other famous people have also held does not constitute notability. RadicalSubversiv E 02:18, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with the arguments above that simply holding the post does not make a person sufficently notable. However, apparently the controversy surrounding this particular election has garnered a bit of media coverage. I think that the media coverage makes this person notable, just like Laci Peterson is more notable than random murder victim 734, so I'm going to vote keep on that basis alone. Gamaliel 06:13, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - all the articles on Oxford Union Presidents are articles on people who did notable things (like become Prime Minister) after they were at Oxford. There are no other articles I can find on individuals whose only notable accomplishment is being Oxford Union President. A number of notable people went to my university and have wikipedia articles on them, that doesn't mean anyone who attended my school merits an article. Further, the article is almost entirely about a rather petty incident in a campus political campaign. If she had done anything else of merit in her life it might be an interesting footnote (like the way Conrad Black sold copies of stolen upcoming exams when he was at Upper Canada College) but it does not merit an article in and of itself and doesn't merit having an article because she might end up becoming a notable person. Right now most former Oxford Union Presidents do not have articles and probably will not have articles so there' s no reason to have one on herAndyL 20:12, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 21:10, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Bob|Bob (Talk)]] 02:28, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * The above contrib by User:163.1.141.7 (User talk:163.1.141.7, contribs), the nominator or someone sharing that IP, is forged to appear to belong to a registered user; that user either has no contribs, or is in fact nonexistent by virtue of never having registered. Struck thru. (Amusingly, the contribution was made after the passage of the day-of-nomination and the 5 additional calendar days normally allowed, 1 minute before i removed the nomination from VfD to VfD/Old!) --Jerzy(t) 07:41, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)

Valid votes

 * Del: 8
 * Kp: 7 (2 of them weak)
 * Abst: 1
 * Other: 1 Merge, 1 Merge-&-Redir,-or-Del

Possible special circumstances
The behavior of the nominator has been horrible: on this page, their IP was used However, the arguments put forward by horribly behaving people are not necessarily horrible but may even be sound; the circumstance stated below may deserve some consideration.
 * for casting an anon vote after it had been pointed out that anon votes could not be counted, and the fact that that vote was the only unsigned contrib in the debate suggests intentional concealment, and
 * on a separate occasion, for forging a sig that created the appearance of a registered user's vote.

The nominator claimed that some Keep votes were based on misinformation, and presented plausible and testable information about firsts, and about the number of presidents, that strengthened at least my pro-Del opinion. IMO the arguments are nowhere near so compelling as to be  prima-facie res-ipsa-loquitur evidence for discounting even one keep vote, but i am taking the liberty of inviting each of the three editors specifically named to explicitly confirm, or to reconsider, their Keep votes. If any one of them should state they now felt Del was the better action, --Jerzy(t) 07:41, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)
 * we'd be one more reversed opinion from a 10-5 straw-poll for deletion, and
 * therefore perhaps someone (not i) should then consider re-polling those who cast the other 4 Keeps.

While i was preparing the above (already belated) edit, the process reached a normal conclusion. (And i have not followed up with the messages to 3 editors that i had intended.) While i hope that edit and this one will be tolerated in the permanent record, my interest is not so great as to engage in the troublesome practice of reviving the VfD in question.--Jerzy(t) 18:42, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)

 * I do not consider my behaviour to have been "horrible" - I was protecting the interests of my friend, and other voters have been utterly horrid and spiteful. This is not Martha Stewart, Jeffery Archer or someone from Enron, this is a 20 year old student who does not want frivolous student politics stuck to her name for the rest of her life. Secondly, the second edit had something disgustingly offensive and slanderous, which should not remain online, and if this is not deleted I will consider taking legal action against Wikipedia. Thirdly I was outraged to see that the "deletes" were being counterbalanced by "keeps" from misinformed idiots, who seemed to think that being Union President warranted an entry, not realising another 540 people (3 a year) have been Union president. Being the first Asian president is notable. Being the first female president is notable. Being the first British-born Asian president isn't really. And being the first British-born Asian female president certainly is not! If the entry is not deleted, legal action will be taken. 163.1.141.7 15:53, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Benelli M4

Stock
''The buttstock is collapsible on the M4 Model (designated 11707) but will not collapse on the M1014. This is because the M1014 was manufactured before the U.S. 1994 assault weapon ban expired, whereas the M11707 has been manufactured since the ban expired therefore not subject to the terms under the ban.''

This doesn't make sense. Why would the AWB prevent the military from having a collapsible stock on the M1014? The AWB only applied to civilians, not military or law enforcement. Spartan198 (talk) 13:58, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

I checked the USMC technical manual on the M1014 (TM 10698A-10/1) just now and yes, it does describe the stock as 'telescoping' (i.e. collapsible) on page 11. Changing now.Dvaderv2 (talk) 17:51, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

H&K?
H&K no longer handles Benelli, right? Can someone confirm? I think H&K now handles FABARM, so we should alter the article to suit if that is the case. -Joseph (Talk) 00:18, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC) That is correct,HK no longer offers any shotguns, including Fabarm......Kevin Flemens, Firesrms Instructor, DC Air National Guard, DC Metropolitan Police Department

Isn't this also a pump-action?
See the headline. 66.168.207.105 20:58, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Nope, if necessary it's cycled manually using the charging handle. Riddley 21:09, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Could you clarify what you mean? What's a charging handle? Malamockq (talk) 03:26, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Basic firearms terminology. See cocking handle.--LWF (talk) 04:03, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Pop culture references
I have removed the non-notable pop culture references again as per the project consensus rv - Please see here. If you feel it is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia please put a note in the relevant video game, film etc. article with a link to this article, rather than a list of trivia here. Riddley 08:17, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Pic
lets get a Pic at the top(69.251.127.235 19:00, 21 June 2007 (UTC))

How many rounds?
The French article states that it holds 6 rounds, this here article is lacking this vital information. Maikel (talk) 15:54, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Unit conversion error?
"Effective range 	50 m (100 Yards)"

so....is it 50m or 100 yards? can't be both. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.240.25.12 (talk) 12:21, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

50m buckshot, 100m slug — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.27.71.214 (talk) 17:49, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 06:19, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Benelli M4 Super 90 → — Clarity; the "Super 90" name has not been used for a while (check Benelli's website here). Perhaps make "Super 90" redirect to a page with links to the M1, M2, M3, and M4? Faceless Enemy (talk) 05:06, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

I took the liberty of creating the Benelli Super 90 page. Faceless Enemy (talk) 17:33, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Benelli M4. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090822033717/http://www.benelliusa.com:80/shotguns/benelli_m4.php to http://www.benelliusa.com/shotguns/benelli_m4.php

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:41, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Benelli M4. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080818030409/http://club.guns.ru:80/eng/hkm4.html to http://club.guns.ru/eng/hkm4.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100312070124/http://www.specialunits.sk:80/ubok_svk.htm to http://www.specialunits.sk/ubok_svk.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:16, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Benelli M4. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100416075753/http://www.usmcweapons.com:80/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm to http://www.usmcweapons.com/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090822033717/http://www.benelliusa.com/shotguns/benelli_m4.php to http://www.benelliusa.com/shotguns/benelli_m4.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081203102603/http://www.benelliusa.com:80/customer-service/pdfs/M4Super90.pdf to http://www.benelliusa.com/customer-service/pdfs/M4Super90.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100928045619/http://benelli.it/Articoli/Armi.asp?ID=14&Lan=EN to http://www.benelli.it/Articoli/Armi.asp?ID=14&Lan=EN
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100416075753/http://www.usmcweapons.com:80/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm to http://www.usmcweapons.com/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:24, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Benelli M4. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.usmcweapons.com/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214250/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AW1300D%2CM3S90%2CM4S90%2CSPAS12.jpg to https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AW1300D%2CM3S90%2CM4S90%2CSPAS12.jpg
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140221211228/http://www.nationalsecurity.ie/index.php/garda-resources/ to http://www.nationalsecurity.ie/index.php/garda-resources/
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/5uKgzKZWI?url=http://www.army.mod.uk/equipment/support-weapons/17927.aspx to http://www.army.mod.uk/equipment/support-weapons/17927.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.benelliusa.com/customer-service/pdfs/M4Super90.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.usmcweapons.com/articles/M1014/M1014NF.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:13, 18 July 2017 (UTC)

Potentially out of UK service
I was looking at several Defence Equipment Sales Authority listings when I came across this. I'm of two minds about this - on the one hand, DESA listings typically concern equipment that is out of service or due to be out of service (see this brochure), but on the other hand there are listings for equipment that doesn't seem to be obviously going out of service any time soon and thus seem to be purely about getting rid of surplus. More importantly, the British Army's small arms page still treats the Benelli as being in service (though at the same time it doesn't mention the L85A3 and still treats the L86A2 LSW as being in service too, so not the most reliable source in this regard).

All in all, this needs more investigation (read - in all probability, a Freedom of Information request), and the only thing we can be certain of is that the UK Government is flogging off Benellis for some reason or other. - Dvaderv2 (talk) 00:29, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Benelli M4


text:
Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle

The Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle (SAM-R ) is a semi-automatic designated marksman rifle developed and used by the United States Marine Corps. It gave users the capability to provide  fire in support of a rifle squad, providing precision fire in support of an assault, and aid in observation and adjusting of supporting arms.

The SAM-R was retired by the U.S. military in the mid-2010s and thus is no longer in service, having been replaced by the M27 IAR.

History
The Squad Advanced Marksman and his weapon, the Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle, was the product of extensive experimentation by the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) of the addition of a designated marksman to a Marine squad. The concept of a designated marksman was already in use by the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (Anti-Terrorism) and Marine Corps Security Force Regiment. In exercises, a Marine with a scoped rifle and additional training provided immense benefit to small units. An optic provides information-gathering abilities as well as aiding aiming of support weapons such as machine guns and mortars.

The armorers at the MCWL decided to use the M16 rifle in order to maintain a certain level of commonality in both weapon and ammunition. There was some talk of adopting a weapon such along the same lines as the Mk 11 Mod 0, but instead that transferred over to a possible replacement for USMC personnel now using the Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR), a variant of the M14.

The SAM-Rs were assembled by the Precision Weapons Section of the Weapons Training Battalion at Marine Corps Base Quantico. For the War on Terrorism, the approximately 100 assembled SAM-Rs were sent to the 22nd, 24th, and 26th Marine Expeditionary Units (MEU) of II Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), which is located at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Squad Advanced Marksmen of I MEF, which is based at Camp Pendleton, California, made do with M16A4s with KAC M5 RAS forearms and TA31F ACOGs.

Some SAM-Rs are nicknamed "West Coast SAM-Rs", though they are simply M16A4s with optics and bipods and not an 'accurized' rifle like the SAM-R used by the Marines of II MEF.

They were in use by the USMC. The British Army reportedly used a small number.

Replacement
After a lengthy period of debate over the role of accuracy vs. suppressive fire in the Marines, they adopted a new doctrine and weapon in the more accurate M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle for their service rifle in September 2018 and it will replace most of the M4 Carbine for the infantry.

Certain M27s are selected for accuracy; when provided with scopes and suppressors they are designated as the M38 Designated Marksman Rifle. The rifles are distributed one per squad.

Design
The original test weapon was a modified M16A2 rifle with a free-floated 1:7 stainless steel match grade heavy barrel, a "Mil-Std-1913 modular rail system" (this most likely implies the use of the Knight's Armament Company Free-Floating Rail Adapter System) and an M16A1 trigger assembly (semi and full-auto functioning).

A number of day optics were used initially, which included Hensoldt Blitz, Leupold CQ/T, ACOG, Leupold TS-30A1 and ultimately the Leupold TS-30A2. The test night optic was the AN/PVS-17B, apparently now being fielded with USMC combat units though the AN/PVS-22 is preferred.

SAM-Rs use 5.56 NATO-based MK262 ammo.

The later SAM-R was roughly a modified M16A4 pattern rifle:

 * Upper & Lower Receivers: The lower and upper receivers are standard M16A4. The SAM-R has a standard M16A1 single-stage trigger installed, which allows limited use as an automatic rifle, ammunition permitting (See Mk 262 Mod 1), but there also have been examples using Knight's Armament (henceforth referred to as KAC) two-stage match triggers. The SAM-R is also equipped with a PRI M84 Gas Buster charging handle system and a Norgon ambidextrous magazine release.
 * Barrel: The barrel is a 20 in long 1:7 in twist match grade stainless steel barrel, manufactured by Compass Lake Engineering from Krieger blanks. Current SAM-Rs are equipped with 'chipped' flash suppressors to allow attachment of the KAC M4 quick-detach sound suppressor, while earlier examples were fielded with standard compensators.
 * Sights & Optics: For iron sights, the SAM-R uses the KAC 600-Meter flip-up rear sight. The first SAM-Rs used a custom Quantico-built gas block with bayonet lug and Picatinny rail on top. A KAC flip-up sight was mounted on that rail. Some intermediate models used separate gas blocks and barrel attached bayonet lugs. Current rifles are built with a special KAC-made gas block that has both a flip-up sight and a bayonet lug. The issued day optic is the TS-30A2 (military designation for Leupold's Mark 4 M3 2.5-8 x 36mm MR/T Illuminated riflescope) mounted with ARMS #22 high rings, the same configuration used with the Mk 12 Mod 0/1 SPR, though more recent photos indicate the four-power Marine Corps Rifle Combat Optic ACOG is also used at times.  The folding front sight mentioned earlier was designed for use with the AN/PVS-22 Universal Night Sight.
 * Handguard: The SAM-R uses the KAC Free-Floating Rail Adapter System, which provides a modular mounting location for all types of equipment. SAM-Rs are usually seen with Harris swivel bipods attached to this rail via a KAC bipod stud.

title: Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle


text:
Gough

Gough is a surname. The surname may derive from the Welsh coch (English: "red"), possibly given as a nickname to someone with red hair or a red complexion. Another possible derivation is that it was a reduced form of the Irish McGough which itself is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mag Eochadha, a patronymic from the personal name (variant Eachaidh), "horseman", both derivatives of Irish each "horse".

Occasionally used as a first or middle name:
 * Edward Gough Whitlam, known as Gough Whitlam, Australian Prime Minister.

Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alfred Gough, American screenwriter and producer, co-creator of Smallville
 * Annette Gough (born 1950), Australian academic
 * Antony Gough, New Zealand businessman and property developer
 * Austin Gough, American football player
 * Bobby Gough (born 1949), English footballer
 * Charles Gough (disambiguation), a number of people
 * Charles Frederick Howard Gough (1901–1977), British Territorial Army officer, company director and politician
 * Charles John Stanley Gough, British soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Darren Gough (born 1970), English cricketer and ballroom dancer
 * Denise Gough (born 1980), Irish actress
 * Doris Gough Boyd (1888–1960), Australian artist
 * Douglas Gough (born 1941), British astronomer, Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow at the University of Cambridge
 * Frank Gough (1898–1980), Australian cricketer
 * Frederick Foster Gough, British Protestant Christian missionary
 * Henry Gough (1649–1724), Sheriff of Staffordshire, MP
 * Hubert Gough, British World War I general
 * Hugh Henry Gough (1833–1909), Anglo-Irish soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Ian Gough, Welsh rugby player
 * John Gough (disambiguation), a number of people
 * Laurie Gough, Canadian-American travel writer
 * Martyn Gough (chaplain) (born 1966), British Anglican priest and military chaplain
 * Michael Gough (1916–2011), British actor
 * Michael Gough (archaeologist) (1916–1973), British archaeologist
 * Michael Gough (cricketer) (born 1979), English cricketer and umpire
 * Michael Gough (voice actor) (born 1956), American voice actor
 * Ray Gough (1938–2018), Northern Irish footballer
 * Richard Gough (disambiguation), a number of people
 * Robert Gough (actor), English actor
 * Robert Gough (priest), Irish Anglican priest
 * Sandra Gough, English actress
 * Stephen Gough, British pro-nudity activist known as the "Naked Rambler"
 * Stephen Gough (footballer), Irish footballer
 * Stephen Gough (politician), Canadian politician
 * Stephen Gough (speed skater), Canadian skater
 * Viscount Gough, a United Kingdom peerage successively held by:
 * Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough (1779–1869)
 * George Gough, 2nd Viscount Gough (1815–1895)
 * Hugh Gough, 3rd Viscount Gough (1849–1919)
 * Hugh Gough, 4th Viscount Gough (1892–1951)
 * Shane Gough, 5th Viscount Gough (1941-2023)

title: Gough