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Newbury Street

Newbury Street is located in the Back Bay area of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. It runs roughly east–west, from the Boston Public Garden to Brookline Avenue. The road crosses many major arteries along its path, with an entrance to the Massachusetts Turnpike westbound at Massachusetts Avenue. Newbury Street is known for its retail shops and restaurants.

Description
East of Massachusetts Avenue, Newbury Street is a mile-long street lined with historic 19th-century brownstones that contain hundreds of shops and restaurants, making it a popular destination for tourists and locals. Most of the "high-end boutiques" are located near the Boston Public Garden end of Newbury Street. As the address numbers climb, the shops become slightly less expensive and more bohemian up to Massachusetts Avenue.

West of Massachusetts Avenue, the street borders the Massachusetts Turnpike on its unbuilt southern side, while the northern side is reserved mainly for parking and rear service entrances for buildings on Commonwealth Avenue. Newbury Street is interrupted by the Muddy River and Charlesgate Park. It then continues to border the Turnpike on its southern side until it meets Brookline Avenue. The shopping district might be able to expand as a result of a major project that is being considered for decking over the Turnpike to the west of Massachusetts Avenue.

Newbury Street has a mix of shops and eateries. Its renovated brownstone buildings feature coffee shops, cafes, and restaurants, with stores at all retail levels. However, due to the concentration of upscale luxury stores at its easternmost end, it is known as one of the most expensive streets in the world.

Donlyn Lyndon, the Eva Li Professor Emeritus of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of California, Berkeley, writes that west of Clarendon Street

Newbury Street develops its own very distinctive and appealing character and becomes one of the nicest shopping streets in Boston, or anywhere. Renovated town houses with large glass bays on the ground floor produce a delightful urban landscape.... Owners and tenants... have further animated the street by using the 25 ft space between the building and the sidewalk for various purposes. Some areas are paved and used for displays or sidewalk sales. Others have thick planting... Some lots have stairs up and down to shops and galleries; others have show windows and display cases for flowers or fashions or other items for sale. But each contributes something extra, and together they make these blocks of Newbury Street genuinely attractive.

Since 2000, the City of Boston has experimented with closing Newbury Street between Berkeley Street and Massachusetts Avenue to vehicular traffic on Sundays during the summer. This "Open Newbury Street" program was extended by the addition of two December weekends.

Early history

Newbury Street's name celebrates the victory of the Puritans in the 1643 Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War. Newbury Street was one of the earliest roads in Boston, its portion was renamed Washington Street by the end of the 18th century. The current road was created during the filling in of Back Bay in the mid-19th century.

The 1893 edition of Baedeker's United States catalogs Boston's "finest residence streets" as Commonwealth Avenue, Beacon Street, Marlborough Street, Newbury Street, and Mt. Vernon Street. William J. Geddis, however, notes that it was "the least fashionable Street in Back Bay."

Owen Wister's novel, Philosophy 4, set in the 1870s, mentions Newbury Street:

When you saw [Harvard student Oscar Maironi] seated in a car bound for Park Square, you knew he was going into Boston, where he would read manuscript essays on Botticelli or Pico della Mirandola, or manuscript translations of Armenian folksongs; read these to ecstatic, dim-eyed ladies in Newbury Street, who would pour him cups of tea when it was over, and speak of his earnestness after he was gone. It did not do the ladies any harm; but I am not sure that it was the best thing for Oscar.

The first commercial establishments opened around 1905. By the late 1920s, lower Newbury Street had begun to establish itself as a destination for well-heeled society. With the establishment of Boston's Junior League in 1907, formal dances became very fashionable, and elegant apparel shops prospered. By 1911, 24 Newbury St. featured a salon for lessons in "social and aesthetic dance." As more retailers moved in, many lower floor shops began to feature wide glass windows to exhibit luxury goods. In the late 1950s, fashionable boutiques included Darée, Charles Sumner, Miss Harvey (at #32), furriers and Joseph Antell. One of Newbury's oldest and most established retailers is the Brooks Brothers department store which occupies its original quarters at the corner of Berkeley St.

Transformation into a shopping district

The transformation that turned Newbury Street into a trendy shopping district probably began in the 1970s with the opening of the original Newbury Comics.

From 1970 until the late 1990s, lower Newbury Street was lined with posh up-and-coming art galleries. Newbury Street mavens and hipsters spent Saturday afternoons gallery hopping and enjoying the ubiquitous "wine and cheese" art openings.

The renowned music instrument retailer E.U. Wurlitzer Music and Sound was a part of the greater Boston music scene since 1890, and the store had been located at 360 Newbury Street (on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue) after moving from its LaGrange Street address in the mid-1960s. The building was a plain yellow-brick building by the time the company went out of business in the mid-1980s. In 1989, it was renovated under the direction of architect Frank Gehry and won the Parker Award as the most beautiful new building in Boston. According to architecture columnist Robert Campbell, Gehry "took a blandly forgettable building and transformed it into a monument... It's the first significant example in Boston of a movement known as deconstruction. Deconstructionist buildings are designed to look as if their parts are either colliding or exploding, usually at crazy angles."

Recent history

Since the turn of the 21st century, Newbury Street has maintained its transformative shopping experience alongside an evolving retail industry. Made-to-measure suits, eco-friendly products, guide shops and concept stores are offerings now commonly found in the area. The street has retained both its sophisticated architectural style and its eclectic mix of retailers, from luxury brands and high-end boutiques to innovative up-and-coming companies, cafés and restaurants. Stores such as Tiffany & Co, Cartier, Valentino, rag & bone, Jack Wills, Steven Alan, Zara, Urban Outfitters, Lady M, Uniqlo and Muji comprise the diverse retail landscape.

More recently, the district has become a popular destination for highly produced pop up shops. Many e-commerce brands use temporary storefronts on Newbury Street to test the Boston market for expansion, often landing as permanent fixtures on the street. Local and national celebrities such as Julian Edelman, Kanye West, Martellus Bennett, and Gretta Monahan have also created or contributed to pop up activations on Newbury Street.

Notable places

 * The first building completed in Back Bay after it was filled in 1860 was Emmanuel Church at 15 Newbury Street.
 * At 234 Berkeley Street, between Newbury and Boylston Streets, is a notable building designed by William G. Preston in the classical French Beaux-Arts architecture style for the Boston Society of Natural History in 1864. Lyndon describes it as "a remarkably serene Classical building with none of the latent boosterism of its near contemporary, Old City Hall." The museum was renamed the Museum of Science in 1945 and moved to Science Park. It was the site of a Bonwit Teller store from 1947 to 1989 and the men's retailer Louis, Boston from 1990 to 2010. In March 2013, the extensively renovated building re-opened as a Restoration Hardware flagship store.
 * Between 1865 and 1916, Newbury Street was the location of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Its Boston campus grew to include two large academic buildings adjacent to the Natural History Museum, one of which was also designed by Preston. By the beginning of the 20th century, smaller scaled townhouses and social establishments filled in much of the length of street frontage. By 1939, MIT's grand structures were demolished and replaced by an insurance building. Gentleman's Clubs on Newbury Street included MIT's Technology Club at #83 across from the original main campus.
 * Boston Architectural College at 320 Newbury Street and 322 Newbury Street, the United States' oldest and largest private college of spatial design, made its home on Newbury Street in the early 1960s. A national design competition was held in 1964, and the winning entry (by Ashley, Myer & Associates) houses the BAC to this day. The main campus building located at 320 Newbury Street is a large Brutalist building, and the only one of its style in Back Bay. The college also owns 951/955 Boylston which is connected to the fire station at 941 Boylston. The fire station is still active, housing Boston Fire Department Engine Company 33, and Ladder Company 15. The west elevation of the 320 Newbury building is articulated with a mural by the artist Richard Haas, which was completed in 1975. The trompe l'oeil full-scale cross-section of a Classical-style building and dome provides a contrast to the Brutalist style of the building.
 * On the corner of Exeter and Newbury Street—the address is given both as 181 Newbury Street and as 26 Exeter Street—is a striking building designed by Boston architects Hartwell and Richardson in the Romanesque Revival style. It was originally built in 1885 as the First Spiritual Temple, a Spiritualist church. In 1914 it became a movie theater, the Exeter Street Theatre. The movie theater was notable both for its ambiance ("You felt like you were in some kind of Tudor manor or English country church") and programming ("It was a theater where people did not call to see what movie was playing, but called only to determine if the movie had changed"). Beginning in the mid-1970s, the theater's midnight screenings of The Rocky Horror Picture Show gave the movie a popular cult following, often attracting patrons dressed up in costumes based on characters in the film.
 * After 70 years the Exeter Street Theatre closed in 1984 due to declining box-office revenues. Its illustrious interior was dismantled and transformed into a Conran's furniture store. After the failure of Conran's, it became a Waterstone's bookstore, whose extensive inventory was ruined by massive flooding caused by sprinklers set off by a fire in the T.G.I. Friday's restaurant downstairs. Since 2005 the Kingsley Montessori School has occupied the building, with offices on the upper floors and a restaurant at street level.
 * In 2012, the chocolatier L.A. Burdick opened its fourth location on Newbury Street.
 * In 2023, Newbury Street has witnessed the emergence of several noteworthy establishments, contributing to the street's reputation as a hub of luxury and style. Notable among these recent additions are renowned stores including New Balance, Moscot, and Byredo.

title: Newbury Street


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Broadmayne

Broadmayne is a village in the English county of Dorset. It lies two miles south-east of the county town Dorchester. The A352 main road between Dorchester (from Sherborne) and Wareham passes through the village. In the 2001 Census the population of the village was 1,864, reducing to 1,204 at the 2011 Census. There is an electoral ward of the same name whose population at the above census was 1,870. Village facilities and services include a post office, a clinic (closed since 2014) and a public house (The Black Dog). There are two churches in the village, both of which were redesigned by Thomas Hardy, who was an architect before he became a novelist. The parish church of St Martin dates from the 13th century and has a notable south tower.

History
Broadmayne parish has a long history of human settlement. In the Domesday Book of 1086, one of two settlements named Maine in Culliford Tree Hundred was later called Friar Mayne to avoid confusion with another Maine (Parva Maene) sited at Little Mayne Farm in West Knighton parish. Between 1290 and 1338, a preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller was established at Friar Mayne. The preceptory declined in activity, then in 1533 began leasing its bailiwick to provide stipends for rectories, vicarages, and the larger preceptories in other locations.

The family estate of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the founder of the State of Maine in the northeast United States, was in Broadmayne; one theory is that the state was named after the village.

Politics
After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Broadmayne is part of the Winterborne and Broadmayne ward which elects 1 member to Dorset Council.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Broadmayne


text: Category:Swiss biologists

title: Category:Swiss biologists


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File:Michel catalog Europa West 1996 cover.jpg

Cover of a Michel catalog for 1996, scanned by User:Stan Shebs


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Broadwey

Broadwey was a former village in the northern suburbs of Weymouth, Dorset, England. It lies on the B3159 road. In 2001, Broadwey and Upwey ward had a population of 4,349. St Nicholas' Church serves the suburb, as did Broadwey Methodist Church until 2021.

Politics
Broadwey is part of the South Dorset parliamentary constituency.

Broadwey is part of the Upwey and Broadwey ward for elections to Dorset Council.

In 1931 the civil parish called "Broadway" had a population of 960. On 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished and merged with Weymouth and Bincombe.

title: Broadwey


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Talk:River Taff

Realignment in south Cardiff
Old maps indicate that the course of the river was realigned between Grangetown and Butetown in south Cardiff, some time after the Second World War. Can we find a clearer source with a date for when this was done? Verbcatcher (talk) 01:20, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

This gives details of a major flood in late December 1979, and notes that £3 million was spent on flood defences afterwards. The river was made wider and deeper, and solid banks were constructed between the Millennium Stadium and Fitzhamon Embankment. I'm not exactly sure where Fitzhamon Embankment is. This NRA document shows the new course with the old course still clearly visible, before it was infilled and developed. Bob1960evens (talk) 18:10, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you for looking this up. The Wales Online article only describes the flood prevention works upstream of the railway bridge near Cardiff Central Station. (Fitzharmon Embankement is on the bank opposite the Millennium Stadium.) I found this paragraph on page 65 of the NRA report:
 * The Cardiff Flood Alleviation Scheme was constructed between 1980 and 1983 and extends from just downstream of Clarence Bridge, through the City to Llandaff Weir. This includes Pontcanna Fields and Bute Park which form an important flood storage area in times of extreme flooding. The design standard of this scheme is in excess of 1 in 200 years.
 * I was referring to the straightening and probable dredging of the river upstream of the Clarence Road bridge. This is in the area described in the NRA report, but it is unclear whether the realignment was part of this scheme. The £3M cost mentioned in the Wales Online article seems low if this was included. Avondale Gardens and the southern end of Taff Embankment in Grangetown are on land that would have been reclaimed by this river realignment. The housing there looks like it was built after about 1980, which supports a 1980-83 date for this realigment.

 * We should add a section on flooding and flood prevention, which should include the 1979 Cardiff floods and the 2020 Pontypridd floods. Verbcatcher (talk) 23:41, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes. I am working my way downstream at the moment, describing the course. I normally do a section on water quality as well, but while the data is freely available for the rivers of England, I have not found a similar source for Wales yet. I have also found a whole lot of stuff about the railway diversion, which caused the board of health some angst for a number of years. Bob1960evens (talk) 12:59, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

Length of river
Just to alert editors to the fact that the given length of 64km is incorrect (and doesn't appear to be referenced). I have measured the length of the river in detail from source to the county limit at its entry into the Severn estuary using an on-line measuring tool on detailed OS mapping. Comparison with aerial photography suggests that the figure of 67.1km which this produces is itself short of the actual length. This is of course original research on my part and so not acceptable for inclusion in the article but it does flag up the desirability of finding suitably referenced material of better accuracy. incidentally this will be shorter than historic length due to measuring in straight lines through the open water of three reservoirs and Cardiff Bay whereas the previous channel meandered. thanks Geopersona (talk) 08:07, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Just to note that the issue of its length has come up in talk previously - see archive 1 - though on that occasion, for some obscure reason, an editor was offering up an 'OR' measurement of the river from a random point on the Taf Fechan down to Cardiff. The point was also made that the length depends upon the scale at which it is measured. There is truth in that to a point, but with centre lines of rivers, by venturing to larger scales you can home in on an accurate figure. That's to say it's not a truly an exercise in fractals unlike measuring coastlines. cheers Geopersona (talk) 08:29, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I have changed the length to 67 km, citing the following source:
 * Verbcatcher (talk) 15:53, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Wonderful - good work! Geopersona (talk) 18:54, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Wonderful - good work! Geopersona (talk) 18:54, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:River Taff


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Preferred Roaming List

The Preferred Roaming List (PRL) is a database residing in a wireless (primarily CDMA) device, such as a cellphone, that contains information used during the system selection and acquisition process. In the case of R-UIM-based CDMA devices, the PRL resides on the R-UIM. The PRL indicates which bands, sub bands, and service provider identifiers will be scanned and in what priority order. Without a PRL, the device may not be able to roam, i.e. obtain service outside of the home area. There may be cases where missing or corrupt PRLs can lead to a customer not having service at all.

On many networks, regularly updating the PRL is advised if the subscriber uses the device outside the home area frequently, particularly if they do so in multiple different areas. This allows the phone to choose the best roaming carriers, particularly "roaming partners" with whom the home carrier has a cost-saving roaming agreement, rather than using non-affiliated carriers. PRL files can also be used to identify home networks along with roaming partners, thus making the PRL an actual list that determines the total coverage of the subscriber, both home and roaming coverage.

The PRL is built by an operator and is normally not accessible to the user. Many operators provide the ability for the user to download the latest PRL to their device by dialing an Over-the-air (OTA) feature code. In the United States, for Verizon / MetroPCS / US Cellular, this feature code is *228 (*ACT). For Sprint, it is ##873283# (it is also possible to use code ##72786# on Android or ##25327# on iOS to completely clear out the service programming and redo OTA activation, which includes updating the PRL). In Canada, for Telus Mobility, the PRL update feature code is *22803 (*ACT03).

PRL structure
The PRL consists of two tables (along with some header and overhead information):
 * Acquisition Table – An indexed list of frequencies on which the device may search for particular systems. The idea behind the acquisition table is to optimize the acquisition time by identifying only the frequencies that should be searched, rather than searching the entire frequency spectrum. The information contained in each acquisition table entry includes an index, the network type, and associated channel blocks.

 * System Table – A prioritized list of systems that the device is permitted to access (Preferred Systems) and those that it is explicitly forbidden to access (Negative Systems). Note that it is also possible to indicate forbidden systems using a separate SID/NID Lockout List in the handset; however, this is not a recommended approach as it creates control over system selection outside of the PRL.
 * Each system table entry belongs to a geographic area known as a GEO. These GEOs are listed in priority order.  Each IS-95/1xRTT system is identified by either SID/NID or, in the case of enhanced PRL, SID/NID or MCC/MNC. To support 1xEV-DO systems, the PRL must be IS-683-C or later.  Each 1xEV-DO system is identified by a Subnet ID.  For hybrid mode operation (i.e. IS-95/1xRTT and 1xEV-DO), association tags are used link an IS-95/1xRTT system with one or more 1xEV-DO systems.  Hybrid systems always attempt to select an IS-95/1xRTT system first, then use the association tag to attempt to select an associated 1xEV-DO system.
 * Each entry also provides an acquisition table index where the frequencies associated with that system are identified and a roaming indicator that dictates what type of indication should be displayed to the user when they are receiving service from that system.

PRL modes of operation
The PRL may operate in one of two modes, dictated by a Preferred Only indicator:
 * Permissive Mode (a.k.a. Open PRL, Not Preferred Mode) – The device will attempt to acquire preferred systems; however, if no preferred systems can be located, then the device may select systems that are not listed in the PRL system table. It still will not select negative systems; but, if no preferred systems can be found and an unknown system is available, then it will select the unknown system. While this mode of operation is easier to maintain, because new partners can be chosen even if they are not explicitly listed in the PRL, it carries with it the danger of allowing the mobile device to become camped onto a system that will not provide it with service.
 * Restrictive Mode (a.k.a. Closed PRL, Preferred Only Mode) – The device will only acquire systems identified as preferred in the PRL system table. While this mode of operation gives operators the most control over the system selection process, it requires that PRLs be kept up-to-date to ensure that newly added roaming partners can be selected. Note that even if a PRL is restrictive according to the preferred only indicator, the use of wildcard SID/NID or MCC/MNC values as preferred systems would essentially make the PRL permissive, because wildcards match any system that is located.

title: Preferred Roaming List


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File:Scott catalog 2002 cover.jpg

Cover of a Scott catalog for 2002, scanned by User:Stan Shebs

title: File:Scott catalog 2002 cover.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Newbury Street, Boston

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Newbury Street, Boston
Nothing establishes notability. — Bill 21:16, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it really is a "popular destination for tourists" as the article suggests. Keep.--Samuel J. Howard 01:04, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Can you add something to it? Seriously, at that length and that amount of content, it really isn't doing a whole lot.  I'm indifferent to its staying, but it really would be nice if it indicated that it was a shopping district or a museum area or pedestrian friendly or ample parking or served by mass transit or the gateway to the Bay or something. Geogre 02:05, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The article doesn't tell us why this street is notable. The link to Wikiquote was also bogus, so I deleted it.  Delete.  RickK 05:44, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless notability is established. It's not too hard to write a decent article on a street if this is the case, but this article sure ain't it. Ambi 05:58, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve. Notable enough that this Englishman has heard of it. It's a 'trendy' shopping district with late 19th and early 20th century buildings. Small shops, galleries and restaurants. Average Earthman 18:25, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/redir w/Back Bay, Boston. I asked my brother (who lived in Boston a few years) about it, and he said that unless there was something particularly special about its history that he was unaware of, it wasn't really that notable--he compared it to Castro Street, Mountain View (we've both lived in the SF Bay area a few years). He went on to note that the nationally (at least) famous Bourbon Street does NOT have it's own article (it's a redir to French Quarter), nor does Castro Street, San Francisco. So it has some 100+ year old buildings--the same can probably be said for most downtown streets of East Coast US cities. Heck, even Seattle, whose downtown was leveled by a fire about 110 years ago, has numerous 100+ year old buildings still standing. I actually went to the external link with the intent of beefing up the article's claim to notability, and the only building that had a related WP article (Trinity Church by architect Henry Hobson Richardson) isn't actually on Newbury Street, but a block or two away. Westlake Avenue has some old buildings that have been converted to galleries and other touristy shops, but I'm not going to write an article about it--most cities probably have equivalents, to attract tourist's $$$. Actually, Westlake is probably more notable--since the 1961 Seattle World's Fair it has been at the intersection of one end-point of the Seattle monorail, and was prominently featured in the movie Sleepless in Seattle. Niteowlneils 19:28, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect with Back Bay, Boston unless greatly expanded before end of VfD period. Newbury Street is locally quite notable, and deserves at least a redirect. Kids in the suburbs talk of taking the train in to Boston "to go to Newbury Street." I can't really address the question of why some streets such as Fifth Avenue, Canal Street, New Orleans and Canal Street, New York have articles, but not Bourbon Street. I would think that a decent two-or-three paragraph article on Newbury Street could easily be written at the point where it got to be too bulky to include in Back Bay, Boston it could be merged back into its own article. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:15, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * What the heck, I'm chucking in random factoids as they occur to me and as I have time to look them up. That doesn't mean I necessarily think the street is particularly notable. It does have instant name recognition throughout the Boston area, but does not define a neighborhood or district or subculture. If one were to rank Boston-area streets and squares in order of article-worthiness--let me be ridiculously specific--it would probably be in the top fifty but certainly not the top three. I have no strong opinions on whether it deserves to be separate from Back Bay, Boston. See Talk:Newbury_Street, Boston for two indications that it was not especially notable in the past. I haven't been able to find any really good description of just how and when it became a retail mecca; it was certainly not in the 1960s and certainly was by the 1980s. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 13:06, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Re Niteowlneils comments. You can make a case for Newbury Street as being of architectural interest, but you have to make that case, and it's not any more interesting than the rest of Back Bay. Just another street you might include on an architectural walking tour, and probably as an excuse to grab a bite to eat or do some shopping. An interesting/relevant comment from Photographer's Guide to Boston: probably sums it up:"There are two nice places in the city to photograph old architecture and Victorian ironwork: Back Bay and Beacon Hill. Commonwealth Avenue along the Back Bay is particularly attractive because it has a tree-filled median strip. If you want sleekly dressed yupsters in the foreground and a lively commercial air, visit Newbury Street. On Beacon Hill, you'll want to focus on Louisburg Square, off Mt. Vernon Street. This is a small square lined with $1 million townhouses, best on overcast days so that you can get detail in the buildings."
 * P. S. Donlyn Lyndon (can that really be his name?) devotes approximately 20 out of 300 pages to "Newbury and Boylston Streets" in his architecture guide to Boston. Most of the buildings mentioned are in fact on Newbury Street or corner on it, so you could say that Newbury Street accounts for 5% of Boston's notable architecture. How's that for quantitative? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:46, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I have now improved it or bloated it but definitely have expanded it, so my own vote (on what is now practically my own article) is obviously Keep in present form. But still no strong feelings about whether this should be its own article or part of Back Bay, Boston. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 12:27, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, with Extreme Predjudice. Perhaps Boston's most famous street (think Boston's versions of Champs-elysee (sp?)).  Even more so now than Boylston Street.  No less notable than any number of Boston landmarks (Fenway Park, Copley Square, etc.). Terrapin 18:58, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:Scott catalog 2002 page.jpg

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Taizu

Taizu is a temple name typically, but not always, used for Chinese monarchs who founded a particular dynasty, may refer to:

 * Emperor Gaozu of Han (256 BC or 247 BC – 195 BC)
 * Sun Quan (182–252) of Eastern Wu
 * Liu Yuan (Han-Zhao) (251–310) of Han-Zhao
 * Tuoba Yulü (died in 321) of State of Dai
 * Murong Huang (297–348) of Former Yan
 * Shi Hu (295–349) of Later Zhao
 * Yao Chang (331–394) of Later Qin
 * Lü Guang (337–400) of Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
 * Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei (371–409)
 * Li Gao (351–417) of Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
 * Qifu Chipan (died in 428) of Western Qin
 * Feng Ba (died in 430) of Northern Yan
 * Juqu Mengxun (368–433) of Northern Liang
 * Emperor Wen of Liu Song (407–453)
 * Emperor Gao of Southern Qi (427–482) of Southern Qi
 * Zhu Wen (852–912) of Later Liang (Five Dynasties)
 * Wang Shenzhi (862–925) of Min (Ten Kingdoms)
 * Abaoji (872–926) of the Liao dynasty
 * Qian Liu (852–932) of Wuyue
 * Duan Siping (893–944) of the Dali Kingdom
 * Guo Wei (904–954) of Later Zhou
 * Emperor Taizu of Song (927–976)
 * Emperor Taizu of Jin (1068–1123)
 * Hongwu Emperor (1328–1398) of the Ming dynasty
 * Ming Yuzhen (1331–1366) of Great Xia
 * Wu Sangui (1612–1678) of Great Zhou

It may also refer to those who never officially declared themselves as emperors, but were posthumously given the title by their imperial descendants:
 * Cao Cao (155–220), Emperor Taizu of Cao Wei (220–265)
 * Sima Zhao (211–265), King of Jin
 * Zhang Gui (255–314), Emperor Taizu of Former Liang (320–376)
 * Fu Hong (284–350), Emperor Taizu of Former Qin (351–394)
 * Huan Wen (312–373), Emperor Taizu of Huan Chu (403–404)
 * Liu Weichen (died in 391), Emperor Taizu of Hu Xia (407–431)
 * Xiao Shunzhi (fl. 477–482), Emperor Taizu of the Liang dynasty (502–557)
 * Gao Huan (496–547), Emperor Taizu of Northern Qi (550–577)
 * Yuwen Tai (507–556), Emperor Taizu of Northern Zhou (557–581)
 * Chen Wenzhan (died before 557), Emperor Taizu of the Chen dynasty (557–589)
 * Yang Zhong (507–568), Emperor Taizu of the Sui dynasty (581–618)
 * Li Hu (died in 551), Emperor Taizu of the Tang dynasty (618–907)
 * Wu Shihuo (559–635), Emperor Taizu of Southern Zhou (690–705)
 * Yang Xingmi (852–905), Emperor Taizu of Wu (Ten Kingdoms) (907–937)
 * Liu Anren (died before 917), Emperor Taizu of Southern Han (917–971)
 * Li Keyong (856–908), Emperor Taizu of Later Tang (923–936)
 * Meng Yi (Tang dynasty) (died before 934), Emperor Taizu of Later Shu (934–965)
 * Xu Wen (862–927), Emperor Taizu of Southern Tang (937–975)
 * Li Jiqian (963–1004), Emperor Taizu of Western Xia (1038–1227)
 * Genghis Khan (1162?–1227), Emperor Taizu of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
 * Nurhaci (1559–1626), Emperor Taizu of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912)

title: Taizu


text:
User:Beinsane

This includes my anonymous contributions.

title: User:Beinsane


text:
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening DX

The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening DX is a 1998 action-adventure game developed by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color. The game is a colorized version of the 1993 Game Boy title The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening, in which protagonist Link must fight monsters, explore dungeons and solve puzzles to escape from Koholint Island. The DX version of Link's Awakening features gameplay additions including a color-themed dungeon and support for the Game Boy Printer.

Upon release, Link's Awakening DX was critically acclaimed, with reviewers commending the game on the strengths of the original title and welcoming the addition of color graphics and new features, although noting the additions were largely insubstantial compared to the original game. The DX version of Link's Awakening has retrospectively been cited by critics as one of the best games for the Game Boy and Game Boy Color systems. It was subsequently re-released on the Nintendo 3DS via the Virtual Console and the Nintendo Switch via Nintendo Switch Online.

Gameplay

Link's Awakening DX is an action-adventure game played in a top-down perspective in which players guide Link, stranded on Koholint Island, through a quest to collect the eight Instruments of the Sirens to awaken the Wind Fish and leave the island. Players progress the game by exploring the open world island and completing a series of dungeons, requiring the completion of puzzles and defeating enemies, to acquire new items, such as a hookshot, that provide access to new and previously inaccessible parts of the island. Link's Awakening DX is a version of the game that features fully colorised graphics, although it is backward compatible in monochrome with the original Game Boy. The game includes features compatible with the Game Boy Printer accessory through the addition of a photo album. The player also can visit an in-game Camera Shop, meeting a photographer who will appear to take pictures of Link over the course of twelve events in the game. Once taken, these pictures can be viewed by the player in the photo album or used to print out stickers using the Game Boy Printer connected via a Game Link Cable.

An additional hidden dungeon, named the Color Dungeon, is also included in the game, featuring color-based puzzles including color-coded enemies and switches. Completion of the dungeon allows the player to select one of two items: the Red Tunic, which increases the player's attack power, and the Blue Tunic, which decreases the damage taken by the player. Link's Awakening DX also modifies the hints given by statues in dungeons throughout the game to provide additional guidance to the player.

Development and release
Development of Link's Awakening DX was led by director Yohinori Tsuchiyama and undertaken by the Nintendo Research & Development 2 team, a small team dedicated to hardware peripherals and software. The game had minimal supervision from Takashi Tezuka, the director of the 1993 game, who was involved at the time as a supervisor for The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. For the Color Dungeon, Yuichi Ozaki created a musical piece based on Koji Kondo's dungeon theme from the original The Legend of Zelda.

An emulated version of Link's Awakening DX was released on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console on 7 June 2011. The game received minor updates to make use of the 3DS hardware, including the extension of the game's display to the larger 3DS screen, analog controls with the 3DS Circle Pad, and the inclusion of options to suspend, save and restore gameplay at any time. In July 2013, Link's Awakening DX was offered as one of several Virtual Console games which "elite status" members of the North America Club Nintendo could redeem as a free gift. Another emulated version was released as part of the Nintendo Switch Online service in February 2023.

In December 2023, a fan-made port of Link's Awakening DX was released for PC, containing widescreen, zoom and high-framerate support, allowing the game to be played without transitions between screens. The port was shortly taken down following release after a takedown notice was issued by Nintendo on the basis of copyright infringement.

Reception
Link's Awakening DX was critically acclaimed upon release, with many reviewers recommending the game on the basis of the merits of the original title and its continuing appeal both for new and returning players. Critics generally agreed that the game's additions were welcomed but minimal in substance, with Electronic Gaming Monthly finding it to be not too different from the original, and Colin Williamson of Allgame describing the game as a "paint job" and "essentially the same game".

Reviewers praised the colorisation of the game. Electronic Gaming Monthly described the graphics as "sharp" and adding "vibrant life" to the game. Total Game Boy stated that the game's color was a major improvement on the graphics of the original game and helped objects and enemies in the environment "stand out tremendously". Although noting its graphics were "primitive" by the standards of 1999, Jes Bickham of Planet Game Boy considered the graphics to also be "more sharply defined" and "smoother-scrolling" compared to the original. RPGFan commended the "fair graphical improvement" of the game, but considered the colorization to be "shallow" and lacking in detail.

The addition of the Color Dungeon received mixed reception. Describing it as "lame" and a "total disappointment", Electronic Gaming Monthly considered the dungeon to be too short, easy to complete, and limited in puzzle variety. Paul Davies of Computer & Video Games considered the new dungeon to be "not so amazing". RPGFan critiqued the decision to confine color-coded objects such as switches to the Color Dungeon.

Retrospective reception
Many critics have retrospectively named Link's Awakening DX as one of the best games released for the Game Boy system, including Game Boy Official Magazine, Pocket Games, GamePro, and Nintendo Power. The game has also been identified as one of the best Game Boy Color games by Digital Trends, GameSpot, and TheGamer. Luke Albiges of Retro Gamer considered the game's addition of a "vivid" color pallette and new features to "breathe new life" into the game, highlighting the Color Dungeon for "expanding upon what was possible" in the original title. Gavin Lane of Nintendo Life described the game as "bursting with colour" and commended the pixel sprites, but felt the game did not add any "unmissable" additions to the original title. Stuart Gipp, also for Nintendo Life, considered DX to be a downgrade from the original due to its "unenjoyable extra dungeon" and "garish lick of paint that doesn't do the visuals any favors".

Several critics also provided favorable reviews of Link's Awakening DX upon its release on the Nintendo 3DS eShop. Nintendo Power describing the game as one of the best games available on the eShop. Jacob Crites of Nintendo Life found the game's port to the 3DS to "play better" than its predecessors, citing the "more fluid" analog controls and the inclusion of restore points. Similarly, Lucas M. Thomas of IGN generally praised the game, but considered the upscaled graphics to not be as sharp as the original and lamented the omission of the Game Boy Printer features. Abraham Ashton Liu of RPGFan similarly commended the value and quality of the game's addition to the eShop and the additional functionality of a save state compared to the "unwieldy and archaic" design of the original save system.


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Broadwindsor

Broadwindsor is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in South West England. It lies 2 mi west of Beaminster. Broadwindsor was formerly a liberty, containing only the parish itself. Dorset County Council estimate that in 2013 the population of the civil parish was 1,320. In the 2011 census the population of the parish, combined with that of the small parish of Seaborough to the north, was 1,378.

The parish church is principally Perpendicular in style, though it has origins in the 12th and 13th centuries, and was rebuilt in 1868. Thomas Fuller, who wrote The Worthies of England and The History of the Holy Warre, preached here between 1634 and 1650.

King Charles II stayed the night in the village on 23 September 1651, after his flight from the Battle of Worcester.

title: Broadwindsor


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Martha Stewart Omnimedia

Martha Stewart Omnimedia
(and the next item, redirecting to it): substub advert. — Bill 21:23, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * IMHO a speedy deletion candidate. andy 21:34, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Expand and Keep. I know next to nothing about Martha Stewart but I've heard of this company. Possibly merge with the Martha Stewart article, but keep if possible. Darksun 21:44, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 22:47, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: The copmany is noteable...if only for it's realtionship to Martha Stewart. Needs to be expanded. I'd write it if i knew anything about it. BrokenSegue 00:49, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 00:59, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Rm Probably belongs better in Martha Stewart, so merge it there. Chris 01:35, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's true that an article is needed, but I believe this one should be the redirect, because the company is called Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. I don't think that a substub does us any good whatsoever, though.  What are we saying?  How are our readers being served by a single sentence?  What benefit are we giving by preserving in edit history the first creator who thought to offer up a sentence?  So, I'd rather see a delete and then listing on Requested Articles.  However, it's ok if we Redirect and then Clean Up Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. Geogre 02:10, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Truly useless substub. Delete without prejudice unless expanded. anthony (see warning) 17:17, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Talk:John Vincent Atanasoff

Name
Atansoff's last name derives from the Bulgarian language, in it and in other Slavic langs. the name ends in "ov" for male and in "ova" for female. To the emigrants to western Europe and Americas the ending changes from "v" to "ff". It should be stated from where his name derives, that's all for I took it in Bulgarian, not beacause he speaks Bulgarian. Pensionero (talk) 17:20, 21 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for discussing this rather than reverting. I don't see a need to mention the history of the name in the lead - any reader that reads the fact that his father was Bulgarian would be able to deduce that the name is of Bulgarian, giving the Bulgarian spelling adds no information, but rather gives the false impression that he also goes by a Bulgarian version of his name.·Maunus· ƛ · 17:24, 21 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Ditto Maunus, spot on. Robert K S (talk) 01:09, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Manipulative revertings
Stop it, do not delete sourced information, I am tired to revert your manipulations so many times. Atansoff's ancestry is half Bulgarian and you can't change this. It was unless to protect the page, that's not needed beacause of some editors remove ifno supported by sources, simply a kind of vandalism. Pensionero (talk) 11:35, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * You need to stop your Bulgarian boosterism and in stead read our policies of WP:VANDAL so you know what vandalism is and isn't, WP:CONSENSUS so you know how we decide what goes into an article and what doesn't and WP:EDITWAR so you know what happenes when editors keep reinserting the same information when confronted with disagreement.·Maunus· ƛ · 14:05, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Your accusations to me for Bulgarian boosterism are not supported by any evidence. The contestable edit was John Atanasoff's name in Bulgarian, we agreed to remove it, but is not understandable why the next version was reverted-isn't John Atanasoff of half Bulgarian ancestry(not ethnicity and not nationality)- true fact and even supported by a source, for what this version was reverted with no explanation, followed by deffending of the page, isn't we removed the name written in Bulgarian? Pensionero 17:05, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The evidence is your edit history. Half of which consists of editwarring over the inclusion of topics regarding Bulgarian nationalism in tangentially rleated articles. The article clearly states that his father was born in Bulgaria. that is sufficient information regarding his ties to Bulgaria.·Maunus· ƛ · 17:09, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Maunus has right. This page is periodically susceptible to revision by Bulgarian boosters.  These editors are here principally to play up the fact that Atanasoff had a Bulgarian father, and not to contribute substantively to the article.  You, Pensionero, are a Bulgarian booster, proudly and openly.  Why can I say this?  It's not an attack on your character or even an opinion; it is a fact deducible from your record.  Among the user boxes on your user page: "This user is a member of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church." "This user is from the Balkans." "This user comes from Bulgaria." "This user is of Bulgarian ancestry." "This user is of Slavic ancestry." "This user supports Bulgaria." "This user is a fan of Bulgarian football." "This user supports CSKA Sofia." "This user participates in WikiProject Bulgaria." "It is approximately 6:50 PM where this user lives. (Bulgaria)."  (Also, and not entirely irrelevant to the discussion here: "This user is a teenager.")  Your talk page appears to be riddled with 3RR warnings.  Your contribution history appears to be little else but Bulgarian-related pages.  Have you ever studied Atanasoff's life or work, or his testimony in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, or his patents, or anything about him?  Collected materials in this area?  Or are you merely enamored with your discovery that Bulgaria has "claimed" Atanasoff as a native son?  Are you qualified to contribute to this page in any way beyond playing up the already-adequately-covered fact of Dr. Atanasoff's ancestry? Robert K S (talk) 17:16, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

What do you want to say with my userboxes, I haven't "This user is Bulgarian booster" or "This user is Bulgarian, proud and open" instead this I have "This user is Bulgarian", I just often edit and correct articles related to Bulgaria, such as I changed "John Atanasoff was an American physicist" to "John Atanasoff was a physicist", beacause he is not completely clean and full American, if you have sources where is saying that Dr. Atanasoff was completely and full American, show it, if not I will delete this unsourced info. The page is for John Atansoff, a person, not only for the "Atansoff's Berry computer" or "Honeywell v. Sperry Rand", except "testimony in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, or patents of Atanasoff" there are other things for which can be contributed in the page including Dr. Atansoff's ancestry. Pensionero 12:42, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

4-year edit war
Ok, this is ridiculous. Settle this on talk, because nobody gets to edit the page again until you can actually agree on something. Use the editprotected template for anything that actually gets consensus. WP:Requests for comment also work well. Have fun. --SarekOfVulcan (talk) 02:39, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

I am glad someone stepped in and put this edit war on pause.

American physicist
To start off with, I think that if he was born in the US and died in the US, it's perfectly appropriate to call him an "American physicist". Is this consensus to restore this wording?--SarekOfVulcan (talk) 02:43, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes. There really isn't a "content dispute" here; the factuality of the content is not in genuine dispute. The edits to this page to emphasize the paternal ethnicity of the subject are teenage vandalism. Robert K S (talk) 03:05, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

The person is not of full American ancestry and has equal other, it is clearly saying in the page born-New York, died-somewhere in the USA, etc.. and noone removes that One could be French in Australia and African in Albania, no matter in which country he lives. Good option and not any denial of the American nationality and citizenship is just "was physicist", in the infobox is written that Atanasoff has only American citizenship. Pensionero (talk) 15:29, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing as "Full american ancestry" also we don't classify people by ancestry unless they do so themselves. He has never had other citizenships than American, so there is no basis for describing him as "Bulgarian-American". Every American, except Native Americans have ancestry outside of America. Nothing suggests here that he has more roots in Bulgaria than e.g. President Obama has in Kenya, and he certainly isn't a "Kenyan-American President of the United States". ·Maunus· ƛ · 16:09, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

Nobody is adding John Attanasoff was Bulgarian-American, I removed the vaguely "was an American" from the intro beacause it is not known for what it refers- for the nationality, citizenship, ancestry/ethnicity?, below in the article all of them are clarified, is not seem to be a problem nobody is arguing for Atanasoff's citizenship and nationality. Pensionero (talk) 17:58, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Were you aware that the guideline for the lead of biographical articles requires nationality be listed in the opening sentence? Robert K S (talk) 21:49, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

In the guideline is saying requiring of (location, nationality, or ethnicity). Then why not "John Atansoff was an American physicist and inventor of half Bulgarian descent"? Pensionero (talk) 16:05, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Why didn't you actually read the guideline first... Manual of Style (biographies). It's right there above the fold. "Ethnicity or sexuality should not generally be emphasized in the opening unless it is relevant to the subject's notability". Atanasoff's scientific work is not related to the ethnicity of his father in the least. Per the guidelines, he was an American physicist and inventor. Mentioning that he was the son of a Bulgarian emigrant somewhere in the intro is already enough.  — Toдor Boжinov — 16:26, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Per the apparent guideline-based consensus above, please change the first line to read "was an American physicist and inventor". Thanks.--SarekOfVulcan (talk) 16:32, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 17:17, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

I don't know how you decided that "ethnicity is not relevant to the subject's notability", however. The Bulgarian father stating in the article is enough, but American you wrote should redirects to United States like that "American", not to like that "American", beacause if not redirects to the American country, why not to write his other half ethnos in the first sentence? Pensionero (talk) 17:46, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * This is a bit embarrassing for me to explain, but "American" is not an ethnos, so it makes no difference where the blue link redirects. Is Atanasoff notable because he is half-Bulgarian? No, he is notable because he invented the first automatic electronic digital computer. His notability does not derive from him partially belonging to an ethnicity. I know you are young, but I strongly advise you to get yourself familiar with the guidelines and read up before engaging in an argument because such ridiculous disputes should not be happening at all...  — Toдor Boжinov — 18:50, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Ethnicity is relevant to the subject's notability. When was ethnicity not relevant? If the article said he was Bulgarian it would fast be changed to Bulgarian- American. It doesn't matter at all if it is important or relevant to the subject. It is a fact! Facts are not a subject of opinion they should be stated as they are. Therefore editing the text is obligatory.

-Guest — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.158.49.69 (talk) 13:55, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

Maybe he is also ethnic Jewish. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.246.219.87 (talk) 17:33, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

Improving the Article

 * A picture could help to do this. Jccort (talk) 21:47, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

The "return" section of the Altanosoff article requires numerous edits to be put into English. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.126.182.196 (talk) 03:19, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

Small Typo
In the "Early life and education" section, Bulgarian is spelled "Bugarian" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.186.93.75 (talk) 14:58, 6 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Fixed, thanks. -- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 23:20, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Superscripted ordinals
editprotect as these are not in conformity with WP:MOSNUM, kindly replace: and
 * The John Atanasoff Bulgarian national tournament in informatics and information technologies, held in the city of Shumen annually since 2001
 * Prof. John Atanasoff 4th Primary School, Sofia

with

and
 * The John Atanasoff Bulgarian national tournament in informatics and information technologies, held in the city of Shumen annually since 2001
 * Prof. John Atanasoff 4th Primary School, Sofia

Thanks, -- Ohconfucius  ¡digame! 07:43, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅-- Jac 16888 Talk 09:12, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

Image
Please upload John Vincent Atanasoff's image for this article. -- Raghith 06:48, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

dab needed for school name
Should now be Mulberry High School (Mulberry, Florida). Pam D  09:24, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 8 March 2012
Please change link from Mulberry High School (which now leads to a disambiguation page) to Mulberry High School.

Certes (talk) 00:06, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Tra (Talk) 02:33, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

Ancestry
Okay. So after this HUGE debate, which included literary references...why exactly has all trace of Atanasoff's Irish (&English/French?) heritage been removed from the article...? BigSteve (talk) 09:04, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

Maybe he is also ethnic Jewish. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.246.192.54 (talk) 17:37, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

Historical accuracy
It needs to be noted that public consciousness in Bulgaria will have you believe that John Atanasoff is fully Bulgarian, and that "he invented the computer". As if people before him had never considered using anything other than an abacus or pencil-and-paper to do their calculations... There is even talk by the ex-Foreign Minister (a man who ought to know better) of naming Sofia Airport in his honour, in order "to remind people that it was Bulgarians who invented this computer that I have in my pocket [i.e. his iPhone]" (link here) This WP article doesn't do much to dispel these two myths, and I feel that Atanasoff's Irish ancestry may even have been removed by propagators of that myth. Perhaps this whole twisting of history in Bulgaria, along with the relevant quotes etc. of course, could be specifically mentioned in the article? BigSteve (talk) 09:06, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

Likely both Bulgaria and Ireland have equal reason to claim him as such. He did speak Bulgarian fluently though not gaelic and would often correct the pronounciation of his name to the Bulgarian pronounciation.

Cyclone Computer
Nothing is mentioned about his work with Clifford Berry on the Cyclone computer in 1959. I suggest adding something in the Post War section on it. See CYCLONE.Ikerus (talk) 04:26, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Nobel Prize nominations
I had added a statement about how Atanasoff had repeatedly been nominated to receive the Nobel Prize, and included a YouTube source where his son (off camera) states this to a panel during an author interview where that author's book about Atanasoff is being discussed. My contribution got reverted under the rationale that I was in violation of Wikipedia's YouTube policy, WP:NOYT. Clearly this editor has a gross misunderstanding of what that policy is saying. Just because the policy is abbr as "NOYT", it does not mean that YouTube should never be used as a reference. YouTube often contains many excellent sources which are great, particularly when they are authentic primary sources and solid secondary sources. In this particular case, the video I've cited is a primary source (the son) talking to a secondary source (the biographer).

YouTube has a wealth of such reliable references. The purpose of NOYT is to prevent spurious videos of totally unreliable origin from being cited as fact. I am reverting the revert, and maybe others here would like to help explain to Jeremy112233 that NOYT does not mean "don't every cite a YouTube video". =Dustin Dewynne (talk) 18:27, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The son is not a primary source. At best he is hearsay. Is the evidence in the biography? If yes, then use that reference. If no, then it didn't meet the test for the biographer and YouTube is not acceptable as a source without any other back-up. If the statement is true, there will be other evidence. I can't find any. Can you? Bielle (talk) 18:44, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

 * My contribution to the article says that his son has stated that Atanasoff was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize. This is a solid unquestioned fact, as anyone who watches the video link can see for themselves.  Notice how I put his statement in quotes, and that it is well sourced.  And clearly the son is a primary source.  He is an eyewitness.  He was there.  He spoke with his father.  You are mixing historiography terminology with courtroom terminology.  Wikipedia does not apply courtroom standards for evidence, otherwise 99% of Wikipedia would be discarded (my estimate).

 * ...and notice that the fact that I included into the article is perfectly acceptable for a biographer. I see absolutely no problem with an author publishing in a person's biography, "I spoke with his son and his son told me that he had been nominated for a Nobel Prize three or four times."  If you had taken the time to watch the video, you would know that this info is not in her biography because her response to the son was, "that's not something I knew".  Also notice that her response was not, "Do you have any evidence to back that up?"  She appears to be well aware that she is speaking to an eyewitness primary source.

 * The fact of his son informing us that Atanasoff had been nominated for the Nobel needs to be re-added to this article as highly salient. When further evidence comes to light, then we can strengthen that info by removing the quotes, etc. =Dustin Dewynne (talk) 21:11, 13 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Bielle is right. Besides the fact that Nobel Prize nominations are private and not verifiable. You really have to stop using Youtube before you are reported to the administration.Jeremy112233 (talk) 01:02, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The fact that I had posted to this article is totally verifiable. And notice that the fact is not that Atanasoff was nominated for the Nobel Prize.  The fact is that his son has stated that he was.  So while you see Nobel Prize nominations to be unverifiable, this one particular fact is verifiable.  As I stated in my previous post, anyone can verify it for themselves.

 * And I would totally welcome admin oversight on all of your reverts to my contributions, as I expect every single admin to understand NOYT in the same manner that I understand it. =Dustin Dewynne (talk) 03:55, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I understand the distinction you are making. There would still need to be some discussion in some other reliable source about this claim, or it has no significance. No one else, ever, including Atanasoff himself, and his biographer(s), has noted it. Any child of a famous parent can make any claim -and this one may even be true; we will know in 50 years after the relevant period. Has anyone else picked up on this claim? You would need further evidence that some one thinks his claim is worthy of note. Bielle (talk) 04:04, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I just googled ["nominated for nobel" site:wikipedia.org] and got over 500 hits, so this is clear evidence that being nominated for a Nobel Prize is something that Wikipedia editors choose to cite. You are stating that Atanasoff himself never noted it, even after you've been informed that his son has stated that this had happened repeatedly.  It would appear that your position here is that the son is fabricating this info.  I would say that the onus is on you to provide evidence that the son is mistaken.  I hope everyone would be open to recognizing that the son had much more intimate access to his father than most biographers did. =Dustin Dewynne (talk) 04:46, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * No that is not evidence, see WP:GOOGLEHITS. You need something verifiable, otherwise you are simply continuing to vandalize Wikipedia and may be blocked for this. Jeremy112233 (talk) 15:10, 14 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Also see Google searches and numbers. Jeremy112233 (talk) 15:22, 14 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Lastly, I've done my own search for an RS that proves what you are trying to add and can find none. This leads me to be very suspicious of the claim the son is making of the father in terms of the veracity of its truth. If there is no RS, we shouldn't be adding it. Jeremy112233 (talk) 15:28, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

John Atanasov has also order "People's Republic of Bulgaria", which is given in 1985, for contribution to the development of Bulgarian technology. I think that this also must be added in article --195.24.37.106 (talk) 16:46, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Actually it was added. Sorry!--195.24.37.106 (talk) 16:47, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 May 2014
John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor of Bulgarian descent, best known for inventing the first electronic digital computer.

Titaka (talk) 10:23, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

❌ - According to the article he was of "Bulgarian, French and Irish ancestry" - there seems no reason to emphasize one over the others - especially as was US born. Arjayay (talk) 10:59, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

Other than the fact he was 50% bulgarian and at best 25% irish and french each?

PARENTS
In the article it mentions his father was killed by soldiers and then the very next sentence says he was raised by his parents (plural). "While Ivan was still an infant, Ivan's own father was killed by Ottoman soldiers after the Bulgarian April Uprising.[5] In 1889, Ivan Atanasov immigrated to the United States with his uncle. Atanasoff's mother, Iva Lucena Purdy, was a teacher of mathematics. Atanasoff was raised by his parents in Brewster, Florida."

Bratwiz (talk) 11:04, 28 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Sentence is actually quite clear - says the father of Ivan Atanasoff(John Atanasoff's grandfather), was killed while Ivan was an infant. John Atanasoff was raised by his parents, which included Ivan. Cannolis (talk) 15:35, 4 July 2015 (UTC)
 * I think since neither John nor his father actually knew his grandfather, it's ultimately pointless information. At the very least this paragraph needs to be edited to follow a chronological order. Something like:
 * - John Atanasoff's grandfather was killed while his father, Ivan, was still an infant. Ivan then emigrated with his uncle to the US. Later in his life, he got married to Iva Lucena Purdy, teacher of mathematics of French-Irish origin. Atanasoff was born on the 4th of October 1903...
 * I think skipping his grandfather altogether would be better still as it provides no valuable information about his actual early life:
 * - John Atanasoff was born on the 4th of October 1903. His father Ivan, had emigrated from Bulgaria as a child and was electrical engineer. His mother, Iva Lucena Purdy was teacher of mathematics of French-Irish origin.
 * Reason for the suggested edit is that people just don't read Wiki articles like novels. People will skim over a paragraph will expect the word "father" to refer to the father of the article subject. B1-66ER (talk) 10:07, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 July 2015
Please change "John Vincent Atanasoff was an American physicist and inventor" to "John Vincent Atanasoff was an Bulgarian physicist and inventor" ,becouse he is Bulgarian.

FortonBG (talk) 13:52, 4 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Born in New York. Cannolis (talk) 15:32, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

Likely best to change to Bulgarian-American. It is quite accepted nowadays to refer to the ethnic background. As in Italian-American, Greek-American, African-American etc. Nothing particularly wrong with adding the extra color denoting his background.

Sources modified on John Vincent Atanasoff
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just attempted to maintain the sources on John Vincent Atanasoff. I managed to add archive links to 1 1 source, out of the total 1 I modified, whiling tagging 0 as dead.

Please take a moment to review my changes to verify that the change is accurate and correct. If it isn't, please modify it accordingly and if necessary tag that source with to keep Cyberbot from modifying it any further. Alternatively, you can also add  to keep me off the page's sources altogether. Let other users know that you have reviewed my edit by leaving a comment on this post.

Below, I have included a list of modifications I've made:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20071025004654/http://www.chitalishte.bg/pageview.php?chitid=234 to http://www.chitalishte.bg/pageview.php?chitid=234&PHPSESSID=78dd7c01fbae5ab2f9bb4ace8d6b9292

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:03, 5 July 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 December 2015
Atanasoff was not Bulgarian! He was born in America and never lived in Bulgaria and didn't even speak Bulgarian so please correct your information. If you state where everybody's parents in America were born there would not be one American amongst you unless they where indigenous.

 * Not true. - Actually he spoke Bulgarian and often would correct the pronounciation of his name to the Bulgarian. You can see this on one of his interviews in the very beginning.

Chapmansbg (talk) 21:24, 10 December 2015 (UTC) Stating of ancestry is not bad, but he was American since was born in America. I love to know even all grandparents of famous people and their ancestry and ethnicity.
 * Yes check.svg Done This was a recent change that had no consensus behind it. So I have reverted it and changed "Bulgarian-American" back to "American." Thank you. --Stabila711 (talk) 04:08, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

The Atanasoff fraud
Many people do not realize that the Atanasoff story in Bulgaria is a product of an intentional fraudulent compaign. Judge Larson did not rule anywhere that Atanasoff’s ABC is the first automatic electronic digital computer. The most he says is p. Introduction 6.6, where it written “In reaching these Findings, the Court has weighed the evidence relating to defendant's patent rights and business activities against the background evidence which was presented to show:” …. p.Introduction 6.6.3

“The history of design and construction of the earliest automatic electronic digital computers and, particularly, the so-called "ABC" (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) at Iowa State College, and the "ENIAC" machine (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) of Army Ordnance at the Moore School of the University of Pennsylvania;”

That is all … it is different isn’t it?

The whole trial is not about Atanasoff. Atanasoff is just a witness. It is about patent validity, patent fraud, antitrust violation, preferential licensing.

The Atanasoff fraudulent compain is on national level in Bulgaria. It is initiated by Georgi Alipiev, Kiril Boyanov and Blagovest Sendov. These three individuals will be marked as AБC. Georgi Alipiev read the Russian translation of the Richard Kohler Richards (fiend of Berry from IOWA State College) book “Electronic digital systems” where he suggested that may be ABC is the first digital computer. The documents (the patents of Athur Dickinson, Joseph Desch, Robert Mumma and Samuel B. Williams all of them part of the trial) prove that he is at least wrong. Geori Alipiev shows the book to Kiril Boyanov and Kiril Boyanov shows it to Blagovest Sendov. At that time Blagovest Sendov is a high ranged professor in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and senior administrator. Sendov himself claims that after that he invited Atanasoff to visit Bulgaria. Having in mind that at that time Sendov is under constant surveillance of the Bulgarian Secret Services with nick Object “the Scientist”, this innocent invitation is highly unlikely, not to say impossible. Probably in the archives of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party and the Bulgarian Secret Services documents regarding Atanasoff’s invitation will be found one day.

The aim of the propaganda campaign is to propagandize “the achievements of the Bulgarian creative genius during the socialism under the wise leadership of Todor Givkov”. For this purpose Atanasoff has to be assimilated and the communists translated his name Dzohn (Ivan) Vincent Atanasov. Atanasoff does not say anything. Just a note -judge Larson gives a very interesting qualification of the Atanasoff’s character – in p. 13.25.2 of the decision judge Larson writes “Atanasoff saw the ENIAC machine as it existed on October 26, 1945, and in early 1946 extensive publicity was given to the ENAIC project, acknowledging Eckert and Mauchly as the inventors, but Atanasoff did not assert that the ENIAC machine included anything of his until two decades later.” In other words, 20 years silence. During his visit in Bulgaria Sendov presented him as “Prometheus of the electronics” and that "without ABC we should not have had computers". Atanasoff again did not object, again silence.The whole propaganda machine was full on – TV, radio, meetings, you name it. Atanasoff was everywhere. The communists started looking for his relatives (80 years after his father emigrated to US). It was farcical. On the TV appeared confused elders that seemed scared or at least concerned and said “A-a-a, Ivan there was such a person and Atanasoff was smiling politely at the back”. This scene is probably in the archives of the Bulgarian TV if the Secret Services did not destroy it. The orders of Bulgaria started flying towards Atanasoff like jubilee pins for contributions to Bulgaria. Probably, until his visit to Bulgaria, he did not know where Bulgaria is.

In 1985 he visited Bulgaria for a second time and during his visit the Vice Prime Minister Georgi Jordanov, member of Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party says “We would like to believe, that deep in the roots of Your magnificent creation, product of an extraordinary scientific vision, there is a seed of the creative enthusiasm of the talented Bulgarian nation”. This is the end of the assimilation of Atanasoff, he does not say anything yet again, and from now on he is “one of us” and the Bulgarians invented the computer. The so called “Atanasoff story” was all over us, everywhere. Atanasoff participated in this national fraud voluntarily. For an American this means nothing, but from the perspective of an ordinary Bulgarian the behavior of the communists is treason. Atanasoff collaborated voluntarily to the Bulgarian Communist Party and the Bulgarian Secret Services for the indoctrination of the Bulgarian nation. This lasts more then 45 years and that is the reason why today a lot of Bulgarians believe Atanasoff is Bulgarian. Well he is an American and if the Americans do not want him he is an Irish for sure. The whole story of this compaign is published by Ivan Ruskov in http://liternet.bg/publish14/i_ruskov/ivan_asen.htm. Unfortunately it is in Bulgarian. The Atanasoff compaign in Bulgaria is anti-Bulgarian compaign, that make Bulgaria and its nation laughing stock for the whole world.

The technology Atanasoff invented in ABC is covered completely by Turing by mid 1943. Not many people know that Turing used regenerative tape in the Aquarius machine, part of the Colossus machine. The regenerative memory is a real contribution of Atanasoff. The contribution to the parallel processor is shared with George Stibitz. George Stibitz uses two processors in parallel to process the real and imaginary part of the complex numbers. The George Stibitz patent is from 1941 and this is the first parallel SIMD processor. The Atanasoff parallel processor is one of a kind - 30 Serial processors. Serial processors are not in use. At the beginning Atanasoff considers ABC as an early unsuccessful attempt. After the Trial he changes his opinion and it became the first computer. Calvin Mooers gives a very good assessment of the Atanasoff’s character in his postmortem memoir “The  Computer Project at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory” published in IEEE Annals of the Histrory of Computing, Apr. 2001 pp.50-67 and available at IEEE Explore.

Most of the pro-Atanasoff literature is journalist romance where truth, manipulations and lies are well stirred. A good source to read about the Atanasoff’s partisan wars is Bernard O. Williams “Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer/The First Electronic Computer: the Atanasoff story” published in “The Annals of Iowa”, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa department od Cultural affairs” Vol.50, Num.5, 1990, pp.568-572 In the end I would like to state I am not pro-Mauchly or anti-Atanasoff, but the lies have to stop. What Mauchly did the judge found and invalidated his claims. It is about time to put the Atanasoff's records straight. Atanasoff's machine is not the first electronic computer. The first electronic computer is the Accounting apparatus of Arthur Dickinson from IBM. The second is the calculating machine of Joseph Mumma from NCR. Atanasoff in fact tried to steal their achivements, hiding behind the decision of judge Larson and relying that not many people will read it. Vebar (talk) 01:28, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

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Computer was first invented and built by Vannevar Bush
Just was partly analogous due to lack in 1930 of electronic components

Bulgarian origin
According to Atanasov, Bulgarian was never spoken in their home and his family did not maintain close ties with Bulgarian emigrants. He described his mother as a typical American of mixed Irish-French descent. Their home language was English. There is no evidence that he felt Bulgarian, or that he spoke fluently Bulgarian. It is clear that he was an American of mixed ancestry, not simply Bulgarian. Stop pushing this incorrect claim in this article. Thanks. Jingiby (talk) 07:00, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Vincent Atanasoff


text:
Talk:Martha Stewart Omnimedia

from VfD:

(and the preceding item, to which it is redirected): substub advert. — Bill 21:24, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 22:47, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep...see other. BrokenSegue 00:50, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Send to Clean Up. Geogre 02:12, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete without prejudice unless expanded. anthony (see warning) 17:18, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Martha Stewart Omnimedia


text:
Artpack

An artpack is an archive of computer artwork which is distributed in a compressed format such as ZIP or RAR.

While most artpacks today contain either ANSI and ASCII art or hirez VGA, they may also include a combination of RIPscrip art, tracked or otherwise digital music, poetry and editorials, 3D computer animation and related software utilities.

The first artpack ever was The Acquisition, released by ACiD Productions in the early 1990s. Artpacks were originally released on a monthly basis by competing groups in the artscene, naming their files accordingly, i.e. ACDU0692.ZIP. Very few groups still carry on the tradition of monthly releases in this day, rather they opt to numbering their artpacks in sequence rather than by date, i.e. MIMIC50.ZIP, releasing their artpacks without any defined schedule.

In retrospect, artpacks are recognized as one of the primary reasons that the early computer art scene is so well preserved and documented in relation to other underground computer scenes at the time.

title: Artpack


text:
Granny Goose

Granny Goose is an American brand of potato chips and other snack foods.

History
Granny Goose Foods, Inc. was founded in Oakland, California, by Matthew Barr in 1946. In 1993, the company acquired the Laura Scudder brand from Borden, Inc., but due to intense competition from PepsiCo's Frito-Lay and Anheuser-Busch's Eagle Snacks could not make a profit, so the entire company was put up for sale in 1995.

In 2000, the company moved most of its operations from its corporate headquarters in Oakland to Kaysville, Utah. That same year, Snak King acquired Granny Goose's corn chip, tortilla chip, popcorn, potato chip and extruded snack lines.

The Granny Goose potato chip line is produced by Shearer's Foods under license from Snak King. Granny Goose products can be readily found in the Western United States.

In the Philippines, Granny Goose was known for its Tortillos and Kornets corn-based snacks manufactured by General Milling Corporation (GMC) under license from Granny Goose Foods Inc. since 1982. GMC would later acquire the trademark rights for the Philippines. In 2008, Universal Robina Corporation acquired the Granny Goose snack business of GMC.

Mascot and advertising
Its logo and mascot, also named Granny Goose, is an anthropomorphic cartoon goose. In a series of television commercials first aired in the 1960s, the company's spokesperson, who self-identified as "Granny Goose", was portrayed by actor Philip Carey as an ultra-masculine tough guy, depicted in the commercials as such manly stereotypes as a cowboy or a James Bond-style spy.

Products
Source:

 * Original Potato Chips
 * Dip Potato Chips
 * Sour Cream & Onion Potato Chips
 * BBQ Potato Chips
 * Onion Rings
 * Corn Chips
 * White Corn Tortilla Strips
 * Restaurant Style Tortilla Chips
 * Nacho Cheese Tortilla Chips
 * Butter Popcorn
 * Kettle Corn
 * Cheese Popcorn
 * Caramel Corn
 * Jalapeño Cheddar Popcorn
 * Cheese Puffs
 * Cheese Nibbles
 * Blazin' Hot Cheese Nibbles
 * Ring Pretzels (discontinued)
 * Tortillos (Philippines)
 * Kornets (Philippines, discontinued)

title: Granny Goose


text:
Manto

Manto may refer to:

People

 * Mando (singer), Greek singer
 * Manto Mavrogenous, Greek national heroine
 * Saadat Hasan Manto, Urdu short story writer known by his pen name Manto
 * Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (1940–2009), South African politician
 * Manto (daughter of Tiresias)

Films

 * Manto (2015 film), a 2015 Pakistani film about Saadat Hasan Manto
 * Manto (2018 film), a 2018 Indian biographical film about Saadat Hasan Manto

Other

 * Manto (mythology), various mythological figures
 * Manto (butterfly), a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae
 * Mantophasmatodea, an order of carnivorous insect discovered in 2002
 * "Manto" (poem), a didactic poem by the Italian poet Poliziano
 * Manto ore deposit, a horizontally oriented orebody or pipe
 * Manto, Olancho, Honduras
 * Manto (grape), Spanish wine grape also known as Manto negro
 * Manto (TV series), Pakistani TV series about Saadat Hasan Manto

title: Manto


text:
Crowbar (American band)

Crowbar is an American sludge metal band formed in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1990. The band is fronted by vocalist/guitarist Kirk Windstein, Crowbar's sole constant member. Through infusing a slow, low-keyed, brooding doom metal sound with the aggression of hardcore punk, they pioneered a style known as sludge metal – albeit Windstein admitted a mild dislike to the term – alongside other bands of the New Orleans heavy metal scene such as Eyehategod, Soilent Green, Acid Bath, and Down.

Origins (1988–1991)
The band dates back to 1988, when Kirk Windstein joined the New Orleans hardcore punk band ShellShock. He met Jimmy Bower, who was their drummer, and they quickly became friends. The band collapsed when Mike Hatch, their guitarist, committed suicide in late 1988. The band hence replaced Hatch with Kevin Noonan and continued under the new name, Aftershock. Under that name they released a demo in mid-1989 and then renamed themselves again as Wrequiem, with their bassist Mike Savoie leaving the band and Todd Strange replacing him. They renamed themselves yet again in 1990 as The Slugs, and released a demo in mid-1990, but the band collapsed.

Windstein considered becoming the bass player for New Orleans-based groove metal band Exhorder but he and Strange reformed their band, with Craig Nunenmacher as the drummer. Nunenmacher was later replaced by Tommy Buckley from Soilent Green, and Kevin Noonan returned on guitar. The band renamed themselves Crowbar in mid-1991, after their label warned them that another band called "The Slugs" already existed; the name Crowbar was borrowed from one of Windstein's side-projects. Windstein has listed Celtic Frost as one of the band's early influences in terms of sound.

Career (1991–present)
Crowbar's debut studio album, Obedience thru Suffering, was released in 1991, but failed to achieve significant sales or airplay. By 1993's self-titled album, personal friend Phil Anselmo (Pantera, Down, and Superjoint Ritual) produced the record, which eventually led to national promotion on MTV's Headbangers Ball. In addition, the videos for "All I Had (I Gave)" and "Existence Is Punishment" were commented on by Beavis and Butt-Head. Following this success, the band went on to record music videos, embark on major tours with Pantera, and record more albums.

Their stage antics, immortalized in Pantera's third home video and Crowbar's Like Broken Glass home video, became infamous. The band continued recording and touring. In 1994, the Pantera video for the song "I'm Broken" showed Anselmo wearing a Crowbar/Eyehategod T-shirt. Original drummer Nunenmacher left the band in 1996 and was replaced by Jimmy Bower from Down and Eyehategod, and for their 1996 release, Anselmo sang backup on a few tracks on Broken Glass.

In 2000, after recording and releasing Equilibrium with Sid Montz on drums, Nunenmacher rejoined the band for the "Penchant for Violence Tour" with "The Brotherhood of Brewtality" Black Label Society and Sixty Watt Shaman. Halfway through the tour, Nunenmacher replaced BLS's drummer Phil Ondich and pulled double duty for the rest of the tour, eventually joining BLS permanently.

The band continues to perform, borrowing members from New Orleans metal bands like Goatwhore and Acid Bath. In their 2005 release, Lifesblood for the Downtrodden, Pantera bassist Rex Brown lent his bass skills and keyboard playing. Down's producer Warren Riker assisted in production. Also in 2005, Beavis and Butt-Head's commentary on "Existence Is Punishment" appeared on the Beavis and Butt-Head: The Mike Judge Collection No. 3 DVD.

The band is also known for covering other bands' material and putting a heavy spin on it. Crowbar covered Gary Wright's "Dream Weaver" on their Equilibrium album, Iron Maiden's "Remember Tomorrow" on Odd Fellows Rest, and Led Zeppelin's "No Quarter" on Crowbar.

On April 21, 2008, the albums Crowbar, Time Heals Nothing, and the Live+1 EP were reissued in Europe with bonus and multimedia tracks. On May 24, 2009, it was announced that Phil Anselmo's Housecore Records would be re-releasing Crowbar's back catalog.

In December 2009, Crowbar toured with Hatebreed, The Acacia Strain, The Casualties, and Thy Will Be Done as part of the Stillborn Fest.

As of September 2010, Crowbar is under contract with E1 Music in North America and Century Media in Europe, and released their ninth studio album, Sever the Wicked Hand, on February 8, 2011. This date is the sixth anniversary of the release of their previous album, Lifesblood for the Downtrodden. The band embarked on a six-date UK tour in January 2011.

Bassist Pat Bruders left Crowbar in September 2013. Bruders explained he wanted to focus on touring with Down. He told Louder than Hell, "It is better for all parties in Crowbar and in Down that I leave Crowbar. With Down's brutal tour schedule and overseas shows. It is better if I focus 100 percent of my time to Down. There are no hard feelings with my bandmates of Crowbar." Bruders was replaced by Jeff Golden, who formerly played with Six Feet Under, Thy Will Be Done, and Goatwhore.

Crowbar entered the studio in late 2013 to begin recording Symmetry in Black, which was released in North America on May 27, 2014, via E1 Music.

In May 2016, bassist Jeff Golden announced on his Facebook page that he had been fired from the band. Shortly after Golden's departure, Windstein announced that founding bassist Todd Strange would return to the band. In July 2018, Strange had retired from touring although he will remain a member of the band. His final performance was at the Odd Fellows Rest 20th anniversary show on August 4, 2018. Shane Wesley is his live replacement and had already played on Crowbar's summer European tour.

In mid 2017, Crowbar supported Overkill on the annual Metal Alliance tour. In the spring of 2018, Crowbar opened up for Hatebreed on their 20 Years of Desire and 15 Years of Perseverance tours. Crowbar opened up for Killswitch Engage on a short fall tour in November 2018.

Crowbar's twelfth studio album (and their first in six years) Zero and Below was released on March 4, 2022. The band toured the US and Europe with Sepultura and Sacred Reich in support of the album.

Current members

 * Kirk Windstein – vocals, guitar (1990–present)
 * Tommy Buckley – drums (2005–present)
 * Matt Brunson – guitar (2009–present)
 * Shane Wesley – bass (2018–present)

Former members

 * Todd Strange – bass (1990–2000, 2016–2018)
 * Wayne "Doobie" Fabra – drums (1991)
 * Mitchel Leonard – guitar (1991)
 * Craig Nunenmacher – drums (1991–1995, 2000, 2004–2005)
 * Kevin Noonan – guitar (1990, 1991–1993)
 * Matt Thomas – guitar (1993–1997)
 * Jay Abbene – guitar (1996)
 * Steve Gibb – guitar, backing vocals (2004–2009)
 * Jimmy Bower – drums (1990, 1996–1998)
 * Sammy Duet – guitar, backing vocals (1998–2002)
 * Jeremy Young – bass (2000; died 2014)
 * Sid Montz – drums (2000), additional studio percussion (1998–1999)
 * Tony Costanza – drums (2001–2004) (died 2020)
 * Jeff "Okie" Okoneski – bass (2000–2004)
 * Rex Brown – bass, acoustic guitar, keyboards (2004–2005)
 * Pat Bruders – bass (2005–2013)
 * Jeff Golden – bass (2013–2016)

Studio albums

 * Obedience thru Suffering (September 26, 1991, Pavement Music)
 * Crowbar (October 12, 1993, Pavement Music)
 * Time Heals Nothing (May 23, 1995, Pavement Music)
 * Broken Glass (October 29, 1996, Pavement Music)
 * Odd Fellows Rest (July 7, 1998, Mayhem Records)
 * Equilibrium (March 7, 2000, Spitfire Records)
 * Sonic Excess in Its Purest Form (August 21, 2001, Spitfire Records)
 * Lifesblood for the Downtrodden (February 8, 2005, Candlelight Records)
 * Sever the Wicked Hand (February 8, 2011, E1 Music)
 * Symmetry in Black (May 26, 2014, Century Media Records)
 * The Serpent Only Lies (October 28, 2016, E1 Music)
 * Zero and Below (March 4, 2022, MNRK Heavy)

Live albums

 * Live +1 EP (March 29, 1994, Pavement Music)

Demos

 * Aftershock (1989, self-released)
 * The Slugs (1990, self-released)

DVDs

 * Like Broken (full-length home video, VHS) (1997)
 * Live: With Full Force (DVD) (2007)

Music videos

 * "Subversion" (1991)
 * "All I Had (I Gave)" (1993)
 * "Existence Is Punishment" (1993)
 * "The Only Factor" (1995)
 * "Broken Glass" (1996)
 * "I Feel the Burning Sun" (2000)
 * "Dead Sun" (2005) (filmed in Miami, Florida, around August 2004 and directed by John-Martin Vogel and Robert Lisman)
 * "Lasting Dose" (live) (2005)
 * "Planets Collide" (live) (2005)
 * "Scattered Pieces Lay" (live) (2005)
 * "Slave No More" (2005) (filmed in Miami, Florida, on June 21, 2005, and directed by John-Martin Vogel and Robert Lisman)
 * "The Cemetery Angels" (2010)
 * "Walk with Knowledge Wisely" (2014)
 * "Symmetry in White" (2014)
 * "Falling While Rising" (2016)
 * "Chemical Godz" (2021)
 * "Bleeding From Every Hole" (2022)

title: Crowbar (American band)


text:
Pave Spike

The Westinghouse AN/ASQ-153\AN/AVQ-23 Pave Spike is an electro-optical laser designator targeting pod used to direct laser-guided bombs to target in daylight, visual conditions. It contained a laser boresighted to a television camera, which displayed its image on a cockpit screen.

156 examples of the original AN/ASQ-153 were used by USAF F-4 Phantom II aircraft (D and E variants) from 1974 through 1989, replacing the earlier Pave Knife. The 144-inch-long (3.66 m), 420-lb (209 kg) pod was mounted in the F-4's left forward missile well, in place of an AIM-7 Sparrow air-to-air missile.

In 1979, the Royal Air Force acquired a number of the simplified AN/AVQ-23E pods for their Blackburn Buccaneers. Twelve aircraft equipped with the pod were deployed to Saudi Arabia for the Gulf War to initially perform laser designation for other RAF aircraft Later in the air campaign, these aircraft would carry laser-designated bombs themselves.

The pod is now obsolete, and is being phased out in favour of newer systems like LANTIRN and AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR.

title: Pave Spike


text:
Bryanston

Bryanston is a village and civil parish in north Dorset, England, situated on the River Stour 1 mi west of Blandford Forum. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 925. The village is adjacent to the grounds of Bryanston School, an independent school.

The village was named after Brian de Lisle, a Baron at the court of King John. The Rogers family owned it for a long period of time, and it was later purchased by Sir William Portman, 6th Baronet, who took part in crushing Monmouth's rebellion in 1685. In the 1890s the Portman family built a large country house, designed by Richard Norman Shaw and set in 400 acre. Since 1927 the building has been the home of Bryanston School. In 1950 Viscount Portman gave up the Bryanston Estates as part payment of death duties. The estate was then owned by the crown until 2015 when the estate was purchased by a UK company held on behalf of the Viscount Rothermere and his son the Hon Vere Harmsworth for an initially undisclosed sum, which the Crown Estate confirmed in a Freedom Of Information request to have been £43million.

title: Bryanston