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Carter G. Woodson

Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an American historian, author, journalist, and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). He was one of the first scholars to study the history of the African diaspora, including African-American history. A founder of The Journal of Negro History in 1916, Woodson has been called the "father of black history." In February 1926, he launched the celebration of "Negro History Week," the precursor of Black History Month. Woodson was an important figure to the movement of Afrocentrism, due to his perspective of placing people of African descent at the center of the study of history and the human experience.

Born in Virginia, the son of former slaves, Woodson had to put off schooling while he worked in the coal mines of West Virginia. He graduated from Berea College, and became a teacher and school administrator. Earning graduate degrees at the University of Chicago, Woodson then became the second African American, after W. E. B. Du Bois, to obtain a PhD degree from Harvard University. Woodson is the only person whose parents were enslaved in the United States to obtain a PhD in history. Largely excluded from the uniformly-white academic history profession, Woodson realized the need to make the structures which support scholarship in black history, and black historians. He taught at historically black colleges, Howard University and West Virginia State University, but spent most of his career in Washington, D.C., managing the ASALH, public speaking, writing, and publishing.

Early life and education
Carter G. Woodson was born in New Canton, Virginia, on December 19, 1875, the son of former slaves Anne Eliza (Riddle) and James Henry Woodson. Although his father was illiterate, Carter's mother, Anna, had been taught to read by her mistress. His father, James, during the Civil War, had helped Union soldiers near Richmond, after escaping from his owner, by leading them to Confederate supply stations and warehouses to raid army supplies. Thereafter, and until the war ended, James had scouted for the Union Army. In 1867, Anna and James married, and later moved to West Virginia after buying a small farm. The Woodson family was extremely poor, but proud. Both Woodson's parents told him that it was the happiest day of their lives when they became free. His sister was the poet, teacher, and activist Bessie Woodson Yancey. Woodson was often unable to attend primary school regularly so as to help out on the farm. Through a mixture of self-instruction and four months of instruction from his two uncles, brothers of his mother who were also taught to read, Woodson was able to master most school subjects.

At the age of seventeen, Woodson followed his older brother Robert Henry to Huntington, West Virginia, where he hoped to attend Douglass High School, a secondary school for African Americans founded there. Woodson worked in the coal mines near the New River in southern West Virginia, which left little time for pursuing an education. At the age of twenty in 1895, Woodson was finally able to enter Douglass High School full-time and received his diploma in 1897. From his graduation in 1897 until 1900, Woodson was employed as a teacher at a school in Winona, West Virginia. His career advanced further in 1900 when he became the principal of Douglass High School, the place where he had started his academic career. Between 1901 and 1903, Woodson took classes at Berea College in Kentucky, eventually earning his bachelor's degree in literature in 1903. From 1903 to 1907, Woodson served as a school supervisor in the Philippines, which had recently become an American territory.

Woodson later attended the University of Chicago, where he was awarded an A.B and A.M in 1908. He was a member of the first Black professional fraternity Sigma Pi Phi and a member of Omega Psi Phi. Woodson's M.A thesis was titled "The German Policy of France in the War of Austrian Succession." He completed his PhD in history at Harvard University in 1912, where he was the second African American (after W. E. B. Du Bois) to earn a doctorate. His doctoral dissertation, The Disruption of Virginia, was based on research he did at the Library of Congress while teaching high school in Washington, D.C. During his research, Woodson came into conflict with his supervisors, causing professor of history, Frederick Jackson Turner, to intervene on Woodson's behalf. Woodson's dissertation advisor was Albert Bushnell Hart, who had also been the advisor for Du Bois, with Edward Channing and Charles Haskins also on the committee.

After earning his doctoral degree, he continued teaching in public schools–no university was willing to hire him–ultimately becoming the principal of the all-Black Armstrong Manual Training School in Washington D.C. He later joined the faculty at Howard University as a professor, and served there as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.

Woodson felt that the American Historical Association (AHA) had no interest in Black history, noting that although he was a dues-paying member of the AHA, he was not allowed to attend AHA conferences. Woodson became convinced he had no future in the white-dominated historical profession, and to work as a Black historian would require creating an institutional structure that would make it possible for Black scholars to study history. Because Woodson lacked the funds to finance such a new institutional structure himself, he turned to philanthropist institutions such as the Carnegie Foundation, the Julius Rosenwald Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation.

Career
Convinced that the role of his own people in American history and in the history of other cultures was being ignored or misrepresented among scholars, Woodson realized the need for research into the neglected past of African Americans. Along with William D. Hartgrove, George Cleveland Hall, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E. Stamps, he founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASLNH) on September 9, 1915, in Chicago. Woodson's purpose was "to treat the records scientifically and to publish the findings of the world" in order to avoid "the awful fate of becoming a negligible factor in the thought of the world." His stays at the Wabash Avenue YMCA in Chicago and in the surrounding Bronzeville neighborhood, including 1915's Lincoln Jubilee, inspired him to create the ASLNH (now the Association for the Study of African American Life and History). Another inspiration was John Wesley Cromwell's 1914 book, The Negro in American History: Men and Women Eminent in the Evolution of the American of African Descent. Woodson believed that education and increasing social and professional contacts among Black and white people could reduce racism, and he promoted the organized study of African-American history partly for that purpose. He would later promote the first Negro History Week in Washington, D.C., in 1926, forerunner of Black History Month. The Association ran conferences, published The Journal of Negro History, and "particularly targeted those responsible for the education of black children."

In January 1916, Woodson began publication of the scholarly Journal of Negro History. It has never missed an issue, despite the Great Depression, loss of support from foundations, and two World Wars. In 2002, it was renamed the Journal of African American History and continues to be published by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). Woodson published The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. His other books followed: A Century of Negro Migration (1918) and The History of the Negro Church (1927). His work The Negro in Our History has been reprinted in numerous editions and was revised by Charles H. Wesley after Woodson's death in 1950. Woodson described the purpose of the ASNLH as the "scientific study" of the "neglected aspects of Negro life and history" by training a new generation of Black people in historical research and methodology. Believing that history belonged to everybody, not just the historians, Woodson sought to engage Black civic leaders, high school teachers, clergymen, women's groups and fraternal associations in his project to improve the understanding of African-American history.

He served as Academic Dean of the West Virginia Collegiate Institute, now West Virginia State University, from 1920 to 1922. By 1922, Woodson's experience of academic politics and intrigue had left him so disenchanted with university life that he vowed never to work in academia again. He continued to write publish and lecture nationwide. He studied many aspects of African-American history. For instance, in 1924, he published the first study of free Black slaveowners of 1830, in the United States.

NAACP
Woodson became affiliated with the Washington, D.C., branch of the NAACP and its chairman Archibald Grimké. On January 28, 1915, Woodson wrote a letter to Grimké expressing his dissatisfaction with activities and making two proposals:
 * 1) That the branch secure an office for a center to which persons may report whatever concerns the Black race may have, and from which the Association may extend its operations into every part of the city; and
 * 2) That a canvasser be appointed to enlist members and obtain subscriptions for The Crisis, the NAACP magazine edited by W. E. B. Du Bois.

Du Bois added the proposal to divert "patronage from business establishments which do not treat races alike;" that is, boycott racially discriminatory businesses. Woodson wrote that he would cooperate as one of the twenty-five effective canvassers, adding that he would pay the office rent for one month. Grimké did not welcome Woodson's ideas.

Responding to Grimké's comments about his proposals, on March 18, 1915, Woodson wrote:

"I am not afraid of being sued by white businessmen. In fact, I should welcome such a law suit. It would do the cause much good. Let us banish fear. We have been in this mental state for three centuries. I am a radical. I am ready to act, if I can find brave men to help me."

His difference of opinion with Grimké, who wanted a more conservative course, contributed to Woodson's ending his affiliation with the NAACP.

Black History Month
Woodson devoted the rest of his life to historical research. He worked to preserve the history of African Americans and accumulated a collection of thousands of artifacts and publications. He noted that African-American contributions "were overlooked, ignored, and even suppressed by the writers of history textbooks and the teachers who use them." Race prejudice, he concluded, "is merely the logical result of tradition, the inevitable outcome of thorough instruction to the effect that the Negro has never contributed anything to the progress of mankind."

The summer of 1919 was the "Red Summer," a time of intense racial violence that saw about 1,000 people killed between May and September. Most of them were Black. In the face of widespread disillusionment felt in Black America caused by the "Red Summer", Carter worked hard to improve the understanding of Black history, later writing: "I have made every sacrifice for this movement. I have spent all my time doing this one thing and trying to do it efficiently." The 1920s were a time of rising Black self-consciousness expressed variously in movements such as the Harlem Renaissance and the Universal Negro Improvement Association led by an extremely charismatic Jamaican immigrant Marcus Garvey. In this atmosphere, Woodson was considered by other Black Americans to be one of their most important community leaders who discovered their "lost history." Woodson's project for the "New Negro History" had a dual purpose of giving Black Americans a history to be proud of and to ensure that the overlooked role of Black people in American history was acknowledged by white historians. Woodson wanted a history that would ensure that "the world see the Negro as a participant rather than as a lay figure in history."

He wrote: "[W]hile the Association welcomes the cooperation of white scholars in certain projects...it proceeds also on the basis that its important objectives can be attained through Negro investigators who are in a position to develop certain aspects of the life and history of the race which cannot otherwise be treated. In the final analysis, this work must be done by Negroes.... The point here is rather that Negroes have the advantage of being able to think black." Woodson's claim that only Black historians could really understand Black history anticipated the fierce debates that rocked the American historical profession in the 1960s–1970s when a younger generation of Black historians asserted that only Black people were qualified to write about Black history. Despite these claims, the need for funding ensured that Woodson had several white philanthropists such as Julius Rosenwald, George Foster Peabody, and James H. Dillard elected to the board of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Woodson preferred white patrons such as Rosenwald who were willing to finance his Association without being involved in its work. Some of the white board members that Woodson recruited such as historian Albert Bushnell Hart and teacher Thomas Jesse Jones were not content to play the passive role that Woodson wanted, leading to clashes as both Hart and Jones wanted to write about Black history. In 1920, both Jones and Hart resigned from the Board in protest against Woodson.

In 1926, Woodson pioneered the celebration of "Negro History Week," designated for the second week in February, to coincide with marking the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. Woodson wrote of the purpose of Negro History Week as: "It is not so much a Negro History Week as it is a History Week. We should emphasise not Negro History, but the Negro in History. What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias, race hatred and religious prejudice." The idea of a Negro History Week was a popular one, and to honor Negro History Week parades, breakfasts, speeches, lectures, poetry readings, banquets, and exhibits were commonly held. The Black United Students and Black educators at Kent State University expanded this idea to include an entire month beginning on February 1, 1970. Since 1976, every US president has designated February as Black History Month.

Colleagues
Woodson believed in self-reliance and racial respect, values he shared with Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican activist who worked in New York. Woodson became a regular columnist for Garvey's weekly Negro World. Garvey believed Afro-Americans should embrace segregation, as he contended that race relations were and always would be antagonistic, and his ultimate objective was a "Back-to-Africa" plan as he believed all Afro-Americans should move to Africa. Woodson broke with Garvey when he learned that Garvey was meeting with the leaders of the Ku Klux Klan to discuss how the Universal Negro Improvement Association and the Klan could work together to achieve his "Back-to-Africa" plans.

Woodson's political activism placed him at the center of a circle of many Black intellectuals and activists from the 1920s to the 1940s. He corresponded with W. E. B. Du Bois, John E. Bruce, Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hubert H. Harrison, and T. Thomas Fortune, among others. Even with the extended duties of the Association, Woodson was able to write academic works such as The History of the Negro Church (1922), The Mis-Education of the Negro (1933), and others which continue to have wide readership.

Woodson did not shy away from controversial subjects, and used the pages of Black World to contribute to debates. One issue related to West Indian/African-American relations. He summarized that "the West Indian Negro is free," and observed that West Indian societies had been more successful at properly dedicating the necessary amounts of time and resources needed to educate and emancipate people genuinely. Woodson approved of efforts by West Indians to include materials related to Black history and culture into their school curricula.

Woodson was ostracized by some of his contemporaries because of his insistence on defining a category of history related to ethnic culture and race. At the time, these educators felt that it was wrong to teach or understand African-American history as separate from more general American history. According to these educators, "Negroes" were simply Americans, darker skinned, but with no history apart from that of any other. Thus Woodson's efforts to get Black culture and history into the curricula of institutions, even historically Black colleges, were often unsuccessful.

Criticism of Christian churches
Woodson criticized Christian churches for offering limited opportunity and requiring segregation. In 1933, he wrote in The Mis-Education of the Negro that “the ritualistic churches into which these Negroes have gone do not touch the masses, and they show no promising future for racial development. Such institutions are controlled by those who offer the Negroes only limited opportunity and then sometimes on the condition that they be segregated in the court of the gentiles outside of the temple of Jehovah."

Death and legacy
Woodson died suddenly from a heart attack in the office within his home in the Shaw, Washington, D.C., neighborhood on April 3, 1950, at the age of 74. He is buried at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.

The time that schools have set aside each year to focus on African-American history is Woodson's most visible legacy. His determination to further the recognition of the Black race in American and world history, however, inspired countless other scholars. Woodson remained focused on his work throughout his life. Many see him as a man of vision and understanding. Although Woodson was among the ranks of the educated few, he did not feel particularly sentimental about elite educational institutions. The Association and journal that he started are still operating, and both have earned intellectual respect.

Woodson's other far-reaching activities included the founding in 1920 of The Associated Publishers in Washington, D.C. This enabled the publication of books concerning Black people that might not have been supported in the rest of the market. He founded Negro History Week in 1926 (now known as Black History Month). He created the Negro History Bulletin, developed for teachers in elementary and high school grades, and published continuously since 1937. Woodson also influenced the Association's direction and subsidizing of research in African-American history. He wrote numerous articles, monographs, and books on Black people. The Negro in Our History reached its 11th edition in 1966, when it had sold more than 90,000 copies.

Dorothy Porter Wesley recalled: "Woodson would wrap up his publications, take them to the post office and have dinner at the YMCA. He would teasingly decline her dinner invitations saying, 'No, you are trying to marry me off. I am married to my work.'" Woodson's most cherished ambition, a six-volume Encyclopedia Africana, was incomplete at the time of his death.

In 1998, musician and ethnomusicologist Craig Woodson (once of the experimental rock band The United States of America), arranged a ceremony to apologize for his white ancestors' involvement in the slavery that had oppressed members of Carter G. Woodson's family. Following the reconciliation, both sides of the family developed the Black White Families Reconciliation (BWFR) Protocol, using the creative arts, particularly drumming and storytelling, with the aim of healing racial divides within Black and white families who share a surname.

Honors and tributes

 * In 1926, Woodson received the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Spingarn Medal.
 * The Carter G. Woodson Book Award was established in 1974 "for the most distinguished social science books appropriate for young readers that depict ethnicity in the United States."
 * The U.S. Postal Service issued a 20-cent stamp honoring Woodson in 1984.
 * In 1992, the Library of Congress held an exhibition entitled Moving Back Barriers: The Legacy of Carter G. Woodson. Woodson had donated his collection of 5,000 items from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries to the Library.
 * A Carter G. Woodson Memorial statue was dedicated in 1995 in Huntington, W.V., near where he had gone to high school and taught.
 * His Washington, D.C. home has been preserved and designated the Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site.
 * In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante named Carter G. Woodson on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.
 * In 2015, a bronze statue of Woodson was placed in the park named for him in Washington, D.C.
 * On February 1, 2018, he was honored with a Google Doodle.

California

 * Carter G. Woodson Elementary School in Los Angeles.
 * Carter G. Woodson Public Charter School in Fresno.

Florida

 * Carter G. Woodson Park, in Oakland Park.
 * Carter G. Woodson Elementary School was located in Oakland Park. It was closed in 1965 when the Broward County Public Schools system was desegregated.
 * Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American Museum in St. Petersburg.
 * Carter G. Woodson Elementary School in Jacksonville.
 * Dr. Carter G. Woodson PK–8 Leadership Academy in Tampa, Florida.

Georgia

 * Carter G. Woodson Elementary in Atlanta.

Illinois

 * Carter G. Woodson Regional Library in Chicago.
 * Carter G. Woodson Middle School in Chicago.
 * Carter G. Woodson Library of Malcolm X College in Chicago

Indiana

 * Carter G. Woodson Library in Gary.

Kentucky

 * Carter G. Woodson Academy in Lexington.
 * Carter G. Woodson Center for Interracial Education, Berea College, in Berea.

Louisiana

 * Carter G. Woodson Middle School in New Orleans.
 * Carter G. Woodson Liberal Arts Building at Grambling State University, built in 1915, in Grambling.
 * Carter G. Woodson High School in Lawtell, Louisiana.

Maryland

 * Carter G. Woodson Elementary in Crisfield. Carter G

Minnesota

 * Woodson Institute for Student Excellence in Minneapolis.

New York

 * PS 23 Carter G. Woodson School in Brooklyn. PS 23 Carter G. Woodson
 * Carter G. Woodson Children's Park in Brooklyn.

North Carolina

 * Carter G. Woodson Charter School in Winston-Salem.

Texas

 * Woodson K–8 School in Houston.
 * Carter G. Woodson Park in Odessa

Virginia

 * The Carter G. Woodson Institute for African-American and African Studies at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
 * C.G. Woodson Road in his home town of New Canton.
 * Carter G. Woodson Education Complex in Buckingham County, built in 2012.
 * Carter G. Woodson Avenue at Virginia State University, Ettrick
 * Carter G. Woodson High School, the new name of Wilbert Tucker Woodson High School in Fairfax, Virginia, to take effect at the 2024–2025 school year
 * Carter G. Woodson Middle School in Hopewell, Virginia

Washington, D.C.

 * Carter G. Woodson Junior High School was named for him. It currently hosts Friendship Collegiate Academy Public Charter School.
 * The Carter G. Woodson Memorial Park is between 9th Street, Q Street and Rhode Island Avenue, NW. The park contains a cast bronze sculpture of the historian by Raymond Kaskey.
 * The Carter G. Woodson Home, a National Historic Site, is located at 1538 9th St., NW, Washington, D.C.

West Virginia

 * Carter G. Woodson Jr. High School (renamed McKinley Jr. High School after integration in 1954) in St. Albans, built in 1932.
 * Carter G. Woodson Avenue (also known as 9th Avenue) in Huntington, West Virginia. Notably, Woodson's alma mater, Douglass High School is located between Carter G. Woodson Avenue and 10th Avenue in the 1500 block.
 * The Carter G. Woodson Memorial, also in Huntington, features a statue of the educator on Hal Greer Boulevard, facing the location of the former Douglass High School.

Archival Collections

 * Carter Godwin Woodson Correspondence with Charles H. Wesley held by Princeton University Library Special Collections
 * Carter Godwin Woodson collection, 1876–1999 held by Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University
 * Carter Godwin Woodson papers, 1736–1974 held by Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Other information about Woodson

 * "Dr. Carter Godwin Woodson & the Observance of African History"
 * "Library of Congress Initiates Traveling Exhibits Program", The Library of Congress, June 18, 1993.
 * "Library of Congress Traveling Exhibit Examines Contributions of Black History Pioneer C.G. Woodson", The Library of Congress, October 7, 1993
 * Carter G. Woodson Wax Figure at the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum

title: Carter G. Woodson


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Arpoador

Arpoador (literally, the harpoon thrower) is a region located on the southern zone of the city Rio de Janeiro, in a small peninsula between Ipanema and Copacabana. Part of its territory belongs to the neighbourhood of Ipanema, and part to Copacabana.

Surfing
Arpoador is considered one of the best metropolitan surf spots in Rio de Janeiro. The rock outcropping creates stable left breakers up to 7–10 feet high.

Given its metropolitan location, crowds are ferocious and competitive. Given the fact that waves start to break against the rock on a good day, and that a strong rip tide along the promontory creates a quick re-entry, the take-off point is very small.

Sunset
During some time around midsummer it is possible to see the Sun setting over the sea from Arpoador, a rare event on the generally eastward-facing Brazilian coast. On these occasions crowds gather around the place and cheer when the Sun disappears.

Walking
Arpoador is a very popular place for tourists and locals to walk. Arpoador lies at the end of a 4km walk from Leblon, with a number of cafes located there to allow people to stop to look at the sea or enjoy the sun. The rock itself is open to the public, with a number of walkways in place to make it easier to scale the rocks.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arpoador


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Zbraslav

Zbraslav (Königsaal; Latin Aula Regia) is a municipal district and cadastral area of Prague. The southernmost district of Prague, it lies on the Vltava River in the national administrative district of Prague 16.

The former independent municipality of Zbraslav is now one of two cadastral areas in the Prague-Zbraslav Municipal District. The other is Lahovice.

History
Zbraslav was founded in 1118. In the 13th century, the king Wenceslaus II of Bohemia founded here a very influential Cistercian abbey which was called Aula regia in Latin. The medieval monastery became the burial place of Bohemian kings. The Madonna of Zbraslav (a masterpiece of Bohemian Gothic fine art) was painted for this monastery in the 1340s.

In 1935, V. Bulgakov founded an important Russian museum here with collections dedicated to Russian emigrants, but the museum was closed and confiscated by the Communists before 1948.

In 1924, Žabovřesky and Záběhlice were joined to Zbraslav. In 1967, Zbraslav was promoted to a town. Zbraslav was merged into the city of Prague in 1974. It used to house the Chinese and Japanese collections of the National Gallery in Prague in the building of former monastery.

Notable people

 * Petr Žitavský (1270–1339), abbot of the Zbraslav Monastery, politician and author of the Zbraslav Chronicle
 * Vladislav Vančura (1891–1942), novelist; lived here from 1921
 * Jaromír Vejvoda (1902–1988), songwriter; his home is now a restaurant called Škoda Lásky with paraphernalia relating to him

title: Zbraslav


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Hypercolor

Hypercolor was a line of clothing, mainly T-shirts and shorts, that changed color with heat.

They were manufactured by Generra Sportswear Company of Seattle and marketed in the United States as Generra Hypercolor or Generra Hypergrafix and elsewhere as Global Hypercolor. They contained a thermochromic pigment made by Matsui Shikiso Chemical of Japan, that changed between two colors—one when cold, one when warm. The shirts were produced with several color change choices beginning in 1991. The effect could easily be permanently damaged, particularly when the clothing was washed in hotter than recommended water, ironed, bleached, or tumble-dried.

Generra Sportswear Co. had originally been founded as a men's sportswear distributor and importer in Seattle in 1980. The company was sold to Texas-based Farah Manufacturing Co. in 1984 and bought back by its founders in 1989. In 1986, the company added childrenswear and womenswear items to their portfolio. They struggled to meet the overwhelming demand for Hypercolor products. Between February and May 1991 they sold $50 million in Hypercolor garments. Generra went bankrupt due to mismanagement and fading demand in 1992. The Hypercolor business for the U.S. market was sold to The Seattle T-shirt Company in 1993; Generra kept the rights for the international market. The company emerged from bankruptcy in 1995 as a licensing business. The Generra name was acquired by Public Clothing Co. of New York in 2002. Today, Generra Co. is a contemporary women's and men's apparel brand headquartered in New York City.

In the early 2000s, the technique was revived by a number of apparel brands. In mid-2020, the color-changing clothing trend was revived yet again by several online retailers selling color-changing swim trunks.

Principle
Substances that can change color due to a change in temperature are called thermochromes. There are two common types of thermochromes: liquid crystals (used in mood rings) and leuco dyes (used in Hypercolor T-shirts).

The color change of Hypercolor shirts is based on combination of two colors: the color of the dyed fabric, which remained constant, and the color of the thermochromic dye. Droplets of the thermochromic dye mixture are enclosed in transparent microcapsules, a few micrometers in diameter, bound to the fibers of the fabric.

The thermochromic droplets are actually a mixture of several chemicals—crystal violet lactone (the color-changing dye itself), benzotriazole (a weak acid), and a quaternary ammonium salt of a fatty acid (myristylammonium oleate) dissolved in 1-dodecanol as solvent. Together, these lead to a reversible chemical reaction in response to temperature change that produces a change of color.

At low temperatures, the mixture is a solid. The weak acid forms a colored complex with the leuco dye by causing the lactone ring in the center of the dye molecule to open. At high temperatures, above 24 –, the solvent melts and the ammonium salt dissociates, allowing it to react with the weak acid. This reaction increases the pH, which leads to closing of the lactone ring of the dye to convert it to its colorless (leuco) form.

Therefore, at the low temperature the color of the shirt is the combination of the color of the encapsulated colored dye with the color of the dyed fabric, while at higher temperatures the capsules become colorless and the color of the fabric prevails.

title: Hypercolor


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Talk:Cel shading

Earliest video game use?
The article lists it's earliest use as " Fear Effect for the Sony Playstation in 1999" however 'Lupin III Chronicles' on the Sega Saturn had cell shaded characters (although pre-rendered, not shaded in real time) and that was released in August '97*

 * Skip to 3:44 on this video to see the gameplay portions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXOsfE1JgJk — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.17.63.208 (talk) 10:00, 4 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The video you are linking to has been removed but I checked out other YT uploads showing cutscenes from the game and the ones I have seen are all clearly traditionally animated in 2D. By the way, Fear Effect did not use cel shading either, it only used textures that created an illusion of cartoonish shading on the characters. --F4LL0UT (talk) 21:43, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

Modern era??
"The use of cel-shading in video games has slowed somewhat since its inception, but the technique continues to be employed in the modern era..." Oh come on, now, "modern era" ??? . The article says the first 3D game using the technique appeared in the year 2000. So what does "modern era" mean, the last six months? I realize that we live in a fast-paced technological world, but that's just silly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.229.62.47 (talk) 03:58, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Most Common Techniques Not Mentioned?
Unfortunately I don't have time to write this up myself right now, but FWIW neither the inverted normal method nor the Sobel filter is the most common inking technique. I've been in the game industry about 15 years for several major studios, and most engines I've seen use the stencil buffer with an angle comparison to find the edges. One of the really, really old graphics gems books describes the technique in detail--most people still seem to use the methods described in the gems book, even though its a bit outdated. There's an MS paper floating around on it too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.14.228.19 (talk) 02:10, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Actually, better link, explains the stencil buffer in depth: http://developer.nvidia.com/object/Stencil_Buffer_Tutorial.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.14.228.19 (talk) 02:19, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Team Fortress 2
Doesn't it use the same technique? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.54.148.202 (talk) 08:41, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Yes and no. It uses a shading method that makes use of cell shading, but it has other shaders and textures built into it via node editor.

On a related note, borderlands is not cell shaded. Though it uses the ink effect on figure outlines/countours, it doesn't actual shade the "cell" portion of the material, which uses a texture as normally for non cell shaded objects. 69.132.69.87 (talk) 22:47, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
I find it strange that the Wind Waker is not mentioned at all, not even in the list of games.

Mazetron (talk) 06:16, 9 May 2012 (UTC)Mazetron

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move per request.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 00:12, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

Cel-shaded animation → Cel-shading – Unnecessarily specific. This is a technique used in every field of 3D computer graphics, including still rendering and animation. There is no need to limit this page to only cel-shading in animation. ▫  Johnny Mr Nin ja  23:01, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. Indeed unnecessarily specific, cel-shading is not just animation and article isn't large enough to need splits. — HELL KNOWZ  ▎TALK 19:08, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Film / Television List
Many of the entries on this list (Animaniacs, Sailor Moon) are not CG, and thus do not belong in this article. This article refers specifically to "cel-shading" for computer graphics, not traditional cel-shaded 2D art or animation. 69.163.53.34 (talk) 23:16, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

The name "cel shading"?
Where does the word "cel" come from in the name "cel shading"? Isn't this of interest to the article? —Kri (talk) 22:13, 21 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Looking into this, the only reference used in this article says "'Cel' is the first syllable of 'celluloid,' a plastic made of cellulose nitrate." I'm not sure how reliable celshader.com is, though.
 * More interestingly, the article for Cel also exist. It uses two references, both to content delivered by Disney. I'm sadly not able to quickly look into the sources to varify it myself. Anyway, "cel" is short for "celluloid." Does it make sense to shorten it like that? I guess so. Must say that I was surprised too. We need to get some better references Maplestrip (talk) 12:37, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

Incorrect mashing together of cel shading and other cartoon rendering techniques
This article incorrectly puts under the "cel shading" page various cartoon rendering techniques. Cel shading really just refers to the shading technique of using a few (usually 2-4) discrete bands of color instead of a smooth gradient to shade an object. Cel shading is commonly used together with some sort of outline rendering algorithm to produce a cartoon effect, but that does not mean that outline rendering is part of cel shading. Just that both are part of "cartoon rendering".

I suggest we rename this article "Cartoon rendering", and move the cel shading details to a new article which is linked from this one. Jtsiomb (talk) 14:31, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Do you have any source for the claim that cel shading is really just the technique of using discrete color bands instead of a smooth gradient? It sounds like it could be true, so I'm not against moving this article, but it would be nice if there was some source that could justify the move, partly also because I think this article would benefit from having more references. —Kri (talk) 13:12, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

Are outlines really relevant to cel shading?
I'm aware that cel shading is often combined with outlines but seriously: as far as I can tell the cel shading process is technically unrelated to outlines and that's how outlines should be mentioned in the article - as a sidenote that they are often used along with cel shading. Would be great to have some actually reliable sources going back to whoever invented the process and not just game critics who have no idea what they are talking about. If outlines can actually be considered part of cel shading, reliable sources should be provided. --F4LL0UT (talk) 21:57, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

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Outlines, contour lines, border lines
Is it correct to call the lines separating the different parts of an object (interior) contour lines? The linked page on contour lines shows them as isolines, lines that represent some height values on a map and have the purpose of depicting a gradient. Here we are not doing that. The teapot does not have isolines in the middle of its body's curvature. Instead, we want to show the borders around the nozzle of the teapot. Furthermore, the lines we want to show should not just be silhouette lines but also separate out the different parts (like the nozzle, the lid, etc) inside the silhouette. Would it make more sense to call these lines just outlines or border lines, as they depict borders between the different parts of the object? Jee7 (talk) 17:45, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

Meta quest
Everything on the quest is cel shaded 79.136.84.83 (talk) 18:00, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cel shading


text:
Ipanema

Ipanema is a neighbourhood located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between Leblon and Arpoador. The beach at Ipanema became known internationally with the popularity of the bossa nova song, "The Girl from Ipanema" ("Garota de Ipanema"), written by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes.

Etymology
The name Ipanema originally referred to a river in the state of São Paulo, its etymology deriving from the Tupi language words ipá (pond) and nem-a (stinking). Possible translations for its original meaning are "worthless water", "stinking lake", "turbid water", or "water worthless for human consumption". The historian Teodoro Sampaio translated Ipanema as "bad water".

The neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro was named after José Antonio Moreira Filho, the Baron of Ipanema, who in 1883 created the first urban settlement in the region.

The border area between Copacabana and Ipanema is known locally as "Copanema".

History
Ipanema today consists mostly of land that once belonged to José Antonio Moreira Filho, Baron of Ipanema. The name "Ipanema" did not refer originally to the beach, but to the homeland of the baron at São Paulo.

Character
Ipanema is adjacent to Copacabana and Leblon beaches, but it is distinct from its neighbours. It is relatively easy to navigate because the streets are aligned in a grid. Ipanema's beach culture includes surfers and sunbathers who gather daily at the beach. Every Sunday, the roadway closest to the beach is closed to motor vehicles allowing local residents and tourists to ride bikes, roller skate, skateboard, and walk along the ocean. Ipanema is one of Rio's most expensive districts to live in; private investment has led to the building of world-class restaurants, shops, and cafés.

Ipanema has played a cultural role in Rio de Janeiro since the city's beginning, with its own universities, art galleries, and theatres. It holds a street parade, the Banda de Ipanema, during Carnival festivities separate from those of Rio de Janeiro, attracting up to 50,000 people to the streets of Ipanema.

Beach
The beach at Ipanema is known for its elegant development and its social life. Two mountains called the Dois Irmãos (Two Brothers) rise at the western end of the beach, which is divided into segments delineated by postos, or lifeguard towers. Beer is sold everywhere, along with the traditional cachaça. There are always circles of people playing football, volleyball, and footvolley, a locally invented sport that is a combination of volleyball and football.

In the winter the surf can reach three metres (nine feet). The water quality varies from clear light-blue water to a more murky green after heavy rains. Constant swells help keep the water clean, and the often treacherous beach break regularly forms surfable barrels. Just west of this colourful section, towards Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, is another popular stretch of sand known as Posto 10, referring to the #10 lifeguard station.

The beach is one of many areas that suffers from the city's poor waste treatment. In its waters, "fecal coliform bacteria sometimes spike at 16 times the Brazilian government's 'satisfactory' level." Large amounts of pollutants are still dumped into the sea through the nearby marine outfall pipe, a matter of increasing concern to ecologists.

Beachgoers often applaud the sunset in the summer. In 2008, the Travel Channel listed Ipanema Beach as the sexiest beach in the world.

Posto 9
Posto 9 is the section of the beach around the #9 lifeguard station, across from Joana Angelica Street. Its notoriety began around 1979 when Fernando Gabeira, later a federal deputy for the State of Rio de Janeiro, returned from political exile in France and was photographed there in a thong. He had been a member of the leftist urban guerilla group MR8, which kidnapped the American ambassador, Charles Burke Elbrick, in 1969 and demanded the release of fifteen political prisoners in exchange for his life.

Gabeira became a political celebrity with the publication of a memoir about his experiences as a guerilla and his years in exile. In 1979, he was photographed wearing a skimpy purple swimsuit at Ipanema, and gave an interview to a gay and lesbian newspaper, inciting rumours that he was gay, which he neither confirmed nor denied. His going to the beach at Posto 9 made it famous throughout the country.

Posto 9 inherited its status as a gathering spot for counter-cultural types from the area near Farme de Amoedo Street, next to the dunes called Dunas do Barato and a pier that was demolished in the 1970s. It has a long history of public cannabis smoking (illegal in Brazil), police raids, and gatherings of left-wing intellectuals. It is still popular with students, artists, actors, and liberal-minded people.

Feira Hippie de Ipanema
A group of hippies started a Sunday market in Ipanema in 1968 and the traditional fair continues with over 700 stalls set up at the Feira Hippie de Ipanema (Ipanema Hippie Market).

Cultural references
Ipanema gained fame with the rise of the popular bossa nova sound, when residents Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes created their ode to the neighbourhood, "The Girl from Ipanema." The song was written in 1962, with music by Jobim and Portuguese lyrics by de Moraes; English lyrics were written later by Norman Gimbel.

title: Ipanema


text:
Peter J. Conradi

Peter J. Conradi (born 8 May 1945) is a British author and academic, best known for his studies of writer and philosopher, Iris Murdoch, who was a close friend. He is a Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Kingston and has been visiting fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford, and research fellow at University College London.

Education
Conradi was educated at Oundle School, before going on to study English literature at the University of East Anglia (BA, 1967), the University of Sussex (MA, 1969) and University College London (PhD, 1983).

Career
Conradi has taught at South Bank Polytechnic, University of Colorado, Boulder (Exchange Professor), University of East Anglia, Kingston University and the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (British Council Professor). In 1997 Conradi left Kingston University, where he is now Emeritus Professor, to write freelance; and in 2010 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

Conradi has written a number of books, including studies of John Fowles, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Angus Wilson, but he is best known for his work on the life and work of Iris Murdoch. His authorised biography of Murdoch was widely chosen as a book of the year on its publication in 2001.

Personal life
Conradi lives in London and Radnorshire with his civil partner Jim O’Neill. He is a practising Buddhist. He is a trustee of the Bleddfa Centre for the Creative Spirit and has been co-editor (2007–2018) of the Transactions of the Radnorshire Society.

Writings
A Dictionary of Interesting and Important Dogs
 * John Fowles (1982) (ISBN 0-416-32250-6)
 * Iris Murdoch. The Saint and the Artist (1986, 3rd edition 2001) (ISBN 0-312-43614-9)
 * Fyodor Dostoevsky (1987) (ISBN 0-312-02053-8)
 * Angus Wilson (1997) Isobel Armstrong and Bryan Loughrey (editors) (ISBN 0-7463-0803-5)
 * Cold War, Common Pursuit: British Council Lecturers in Poland 1938-98 (1999) with Stoddard Martin (editor)
 * Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature by Iris Murdoch (1999) (editor)
 * Iris Murdoch: A Life (2001) and later revisions (ISBN 0-393-04875-6)
 * Going Buddhist: Panic and Emptiness, the Buddha and Me (2005) (ISBN 1-904095-63-1)
 * At the Bright Hem of God (2009) (ISBN 978-1-85411-490-7)
 * Iris Murdoch: A writer at war : letters & diaries, 1939-45 (editor) (2010) (ISBN 978-1-906021-22-1)
 * A Very English Hero: The Making of Frank Thompson (2012) (ISBN 978-1-408802-43-4)

title: Peter J. Conradi


text:
Asian Super Cup

The Asian Super Cup was an annual football competition between the winners of the Asian Club Championship and the Asian Cup Winners' Cup.

The competition started in 1995, but came to an end in 2002 after both major AFC tournaments were merged into the AFC Champions League. The most successful clubs in the competition are Al-Hilal of Saudi Arabia and Suwon Samsung Bluewings of South Korea.

History
The Asian Super Cup started and organized in 1995 by the AFC, it was played in two legs. The Asian Super cup pitted the winner of the Asian Club Championship against the winner of the Asian Cup Winners' Cup. In 2002, the Asian Club Chmpionship and the Asian Cup Winners' Cup merged to form the AFC Champions League, as a result, the Asian Super Cup was discontinued. On only three occasions, the winner of the Club Chmapionship lost in this competition: in 1995, 1997 and 1998.

Matches

 * The "Year" column refers to the year the Super Cup was held, and links to the article about that match.
 * The two-legged finals are listed in the order they were played.

By winning coaches
The following table lists the winning coaches of the Asian Super Cup.

title: Asian Super Cup


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Never Let Me Go

Never Let Me Go
was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was

This seems entirely non-notable. Katherine Shaw 14:24, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Lost/unresolved VfD. Does seem unnotable, and I believe print-on-demand is a nice way to say "self published." Delete. Cool Hand Luke  01:24, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Advertising... I guess... even though without an author's name and ISBN number it's hard to be sure! I'm guessing this is ISBN 0595253717, "Writers Club Press," 2002. "Megan Reynolds hopes for a typical, fun filled senior year of high school. However, boyfriend Joe announces plans to attend college far away. Then, Megan learns her friend Brenda's startling secret, further shaking her world." No Amazon sales rank. I think "Writers Club Press" is one of the iUniverse self-publishing print-on-demand imprints, but can't verify this. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:53, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable and/or advertising. - Vague Rant 03:11, Oct 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity press, so non-notable work. Brenda's startling secret?  She's pregnant with Joe's baby!  Geogre 04:16, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Geogre, for the first VfD that should have a spoiler warning. Delete, non-notable. Spatch 22:44, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I was guessing. It could also be that Brenda has a lesbian crush on Megan and the two of them go off to a nearby leather club, but I reckon a book with that plot would have found a non-vanity publisher. Much more likely that one's pregnant, or they're related, or Joe is her brother, or Brenda is really her mother, or Joe is really her father, or one of them is a spy.  Geogre 17:57, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:162.39.168.229

title: User talk:162.39.168.229


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft/Categories

On the military side, have we over-categorized?
On the military side, I think we've over-categorized.

IMO, we should restrict it to Fighter, Ground attack, Strategic bomber and Support.

The support category would essentially include all military aircraft that are not included in the other categories. This would include transport, trainers, recon, electronic warefare etc. The Category Information Section (CIS) would detail which aircraft served which purpose.

The support category could include sub-categories if there are enough of that type of craft to merit one.

There would also be a higher level category for recon, trainers etc.. This would mean that many aircraft would have several categories (ex. NATION support aircraft (19xx-19xx), NATION recon aircraft, Recon aircraft (19xx-19xx)), but each of them would be substationally more filled out. The would obviously be negated if there are enough in ''NATION recon aircraft (19xx-19xx)

Ground attack would include tactical bombers and other light aircraft designed to take out specific land-based targets.

Fighter-bombers would be categorized under fighters (again, with the CIS pointing them out) and mentioned in the ground attack category if they were used heavily in that role. The CIS would also indicate which are night fighters, long range escort fighters etc.

We would use the primary role that the aircraft filled as it's basis of categorization, and, in the case of multi-role craft, list it on the CIS of the other categories (ie. The De_Havilland_Mosquito would be categorized as a Strategic bomber, but be mentioned under the Fighter and Support categories.) Oberiko 14:27, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

WP:CfD discussion
Many of the 'US aircraft...' (and similar) categories have been put up on WP:CfD to be moved from 'US' to 'U.S.' (See the discussion at Categories_for_deletion)  Also, at least a few of us believe that many of these categories are too specific. Some categories only have a single article with little hope of adding more, and users are required to navigate through multiple layers of categories to find the articles. Using the Swiss military trainers as an example (because there are so few), I was able to reassign the 5 articles to two categories each and eliminate 10 categories from the structure without any loss of information. See the result at Category:Swiss military trainer aircraft. This is a much simpler structure with no loss of information. —Mike 06:41, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Additional Category(s) for Civil Aircraft
With the passage of the Sport Pilot rules in the US, there should be an additional category of Light Sport Aircraft as they are legally a new category of aircraft.

Also, there should be some kind of reconciliation of LSA in the US vs. Ultralight/Microlight in the rest of the world. Mcneight 02:35, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Category Overhaul
I am currently working on a category overhaul. Redundant categories may be nominated for category deletion. The goal of this project is to make it fairly easy to categorise aircraft and be able to go to the WP:AIRCRAFT category page to find what categories are needed for a given article. Any help with this would be appreciated! Thanks. Chrislk02 (Chris Kreider) 13:06, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think we're overdoing it a bit on the "Airplane Specific" (should be "Airplane-specific"?) categories. For "power sources", are people really interested in tracking — and maintaining — "Multiple engine aircraft" (should be "Multi-engine[d] aircraft"?) and "Single engine aircraft" (should be "Single-engine[d] aircraft"?)? On the other hand, I could see adding "Rocket aircraft" to this list and perhaps "Ramjet aircraft" or eventually "Hypersonic aircraft" should they employ novel propulsion technologies. Similarly, I see little likely interest in the "wing type" categories. If it is to be used, then "High-wing aircraft" and "Low-wing aircraft" need to be supplemented by "Mid-wing aircraft" and perhaps even "Canard-wing-coupled aircraft". If we have a category for "Biplane aircraft", shouldn't there also be one for "Monoplane aircraft" and "Triplane aircraft" — or perhaps the bipes and tripes combined into "Multi-wing aircraft"? I'd be interested in seeing what others have to say. Askari Mark | Talk 18:28, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Karl was working on a revamp at WikiProject Aircraft/Categories/Proposed update, but that seems to have become dormant for a few months. Myself, I think it should all be pared down to the basic: Multi/single engine, jet/prop/turboprop, military/commercial aircraft, and a few other basic divisions. The "by year" categories serve very limited roles and should be dropped. - Trevor MacInnis (Contribs) 18:35, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict)Those are good points. I think there is a point when it gets to far. I.E, aircraft with 4 engines, aircraft with 6 engines. However, in categorization of airplanes, at least in my opninion and from what I know, there is a major difference between single and multiple engine aircraft. It is really 2 major categories of aircraft. Similar to that of high and low wing. I also would be interested to get others feedback on this. I had not seen much activity on this page recently so i started working on it. I am very willing for more feedback on this though before I continue this. I guess an important question to ask, is how far is too far? At what point is a category of aircraft not realy important enough or even large enough to have its own category. - Chrislk02 (Chris Kreider) 18:37, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * oh, yea, the date thing is insane. I copied them to the page and then stepped back and looked at it and realized that it was insane.  I think the many many date specific categories should go.  When you look at an airplane, you may pay attention to the year but more imporant is the type(single engine, multi engine, high, low wing).  If any of these assumotions are wrong, feel free to correct me!  - Chrislk02 (Chris Kreider) 18:39, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe the "date" categories were intended to permit tracking and listing aircraft by "eras", based on the year of first flight (or service entry?). There is a huge page tracking these, with aircraft of a given era all listed vertically in the same column: List of aircraft by date and usage category. Askari Mark | Talk 21:17, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

I have finalised my proposal and typed up a summary of my proposed changes at /Proposed update/. Please leave comments. Karl Dickman talk 02:45, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I find it funny how you are debating the restriction of types despite them being a historical reality. Are you proposing rewriting history? Part of the confusion is that most entries are missing explanation of performance specs for aircraft, so it is hard to say what they were. For example most early WW2 British fighters were build as interceptors so were not readily compatible with the US-built long range escort fighters. Also many Soviet tactical fighters were low-altitude dogfighters, but are often compared to high-altitude escorts. Same thing happens to bombers because entries do not explain why a particular aircraft was designated a fighter-bomber, usually because it had excellent short range tactical performance for the given payload. And that is another thing, Armament in the aerocraft specifications infobox means any armament included in the airframe, and not any ordnance carried by the aerocraft. The combat load is called payload and not 'bombs', and they are not a part of armament since the payload can vary significantly. I guess if anything I would like to see the classification expanded to include all the sub-classes of 'fighter' and 'bomber' but with an explanation included to give the reader an idea how the aerocraft was decided to be one. Many variants of the original were often later used or converted to alternative classifications anyway as their performance changed either due to change in requirements or capability of opposition.--Mrg3105 13:27, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Just wanted to add that The Cape Town Treaty should add towards defining aircraft types since it expressly makes a statement of the calculation of payloads and passengers. Based on this, and the common 'light', 'medium' and 'large' arbitrary divisions, I found that performance very much affects how manufacturers designate their aerocraft in the general aviation, never mind military aviation. Below are some example to what lengths manufacturers go to describe their products just in the light category that is outside the Treaty: Unlimited competition aerobatic aircraft

Single-sit utility

Piston & turboprop powered agricultural aircraft

Biplane agricultural aircraft

Biplane utility transport

1 and two seat aerobatic and training light aircraft

1 and two seat aerobatic light aircraft

1 and two seat competition aerobatic biplanes

Light piston powered utility helicopters

Light turbine powered utility helicopter

Ag spraying and firefighter aircraft

2 and five seat light aircraft

2 and four seat light aircraft

2 or three seat light utility helicopter

2 seat aerobatic capable light aircraft

2 seat aerobatic light aircraft

2 seat agricultural aircraft

2 seat basic and aerobatic trainer

2 seat basic trainer

2 seat basic trainer and aerobatic light aircraft

2 seat biplane light aircraft

2 seat light aircraft

2 seat light aircraft and basic trainer

2 seat pilot training aircraft

2 seat piston engined light helicopter

2 seat primary and aerobatic capable trainer

2 seat sport, utility and agricultural biplane

2 seat trainer and high performance light aircraft

2 seat utility and aerobatic light aircraft

2 seat utility light aircraft

2, three and four place light aircraft

2/four place light helicopter

2/three seat basic trainer

Light twin turboshaft utility helicopter

Light twin engine utility and training helicopter

3 and five seat light helicopters

3 and four seat light aircraft

4 seat light twin

4-5 seat STOL capable light aircraft

Four or six place business, utility & advanced pilot training twin

Four or six place light business twin

Four place piston engined light helicopter

Four seat amphibious light aircraft

four seat High performance jet powered light aircraft

four seat High performance light aircraft

Four seat light aircraft

Four seat light utility aircraft

Four to six place light aircraft

Four to six seat high performance light aircraft

Four to six seat light piston twins

Four to six seat STOL utility light aircraft

Four to six seat utility light aircraft

four/five seat High performance light aircraft

Four/five seat light aircraft

Four/five seat light twin

Four/six place amphibious light aircraft

Five place light utility helicopter

Five place multi purpose light utility helicopter

Six place light twin

Six seat business twin

Six seat corporate and utility transport

Six seat corporate turboprop

Six seat high performance light aircraft

Six seat high performance light twin

Six seat light piston twin

Six seat light twin

Six seat utility light aircraft

six to eight seat pressurised cabin twins

Six to nine seat corporate/utility tiltrotor

Six/eight place cabin twin

Six/eight seat corporate transport and commuter airliner

Six/seven place light twin

Seven place light twin turbine utility helicopter

Seven place utility helicopter

Eight place light utility helicopter

Eight seat commuter airliner and executive transport

Eight seat utility amphibian

Eight seat utility light aircraft

Light twin helicopter

Light twin utility helicopter

Light utility amphibian

Light utility helicopter

Light utility transport

Twin engine light utility helicopters

Light corporate jet

Any attempt to describe any of the above as 'light' aerocraft would immediately misrepresent the manufacturer specification, the work of the design engineers, and the performance characteristics of the vehicle--Mrg3105 14:49, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Missiles
Why missiles? How do missiles fall under the Aircraft Wikiproject? Understand my questioning-I am new to Wikiproject Aircraft. But I must know why cruise missiles is listed as a catagory.

I also agree with many members above. In my opinion, the sub categories should be organized in a chronological fashion-beginning from the earliest flying machine available to modern aircraft. ChockStock 05:17, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In my proposed update to the scheme, I have moved Cruise missiles to Category:Rockets and missiles. In short, this issue will be rectified.  Karl Dickman talk 23:05, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Aviation equipment category?
I came across an orphaned aviation-related article, Aviation ground support equipment. Do we need to add a category for such equipment? Askari Mark (Talk) 23:40, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Triplane aircraft
Would someone more au fait with creating categories please have a look at "Category:Triplane aircraft"? I'm afraid I just jumped in and (tried to?) create this category, without (a) checking whether this had already been proposed and rejected and (b) asking for help! In its present state is shows the Felixstowe Fury, for which I created it, and one other - so it seems to 'work' - but it still shows up red. Before any more aircraft are added to this category it needs to be right. Help! And thanks in advance. --TraceyR (talk) 12:24, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * You actually need to go to the new category and save it which I have done for you, whether we need it or not is a different point! It can do no harm. MilborneOne (talk) 12:43, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Amphibious aircraft
I suggest that it would be useful to create, under "Seaplanes and flying boats", the subcategory "Amphibious aircraft". There are several amphibious aircraft, some of which are mentioned in the article of the same name, but there is no easy way of finding them and others. A category would provide this route. Pros and cons? Thanks. --TraceyR (talk) 12:09, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Further refinement of the categorization guidelines
Please join the discussion in Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Aircraft, which turned into a rather generic issue. - Altenmann >t 20:46, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

Turbo Prop section for Business aircraft
A Turboprop section should be added tot he business aircraft as the king air, pilatus, piaggio and other notable aircraft are not included as business aircraft and do not sit in the correct categories. any thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Slickh20 (talk • contribs) 15:24, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * No reason why the Business aircraft categories can not be used for non-jets in fact a quick look at Category:Business aircraft shows a few non-jet aircraft already for example the Grumman Gulfstream I. The reason why it not appropriate for aircraft like the King Air is nothing to do with not being a jet but more to do with the purpose of the original design so it sits in the civil utility category. Very few aircraft are designed as business aircraft. MilborneOne (talk) 19:06, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Category:United States agricultural aircraft and subcategories
I was reviewing Category:United States agricultural aircraft and its five subcategories (each one being a decade's worth of aircraft). I all of the subcategories, there are only a total of twenty (20) aircraft listing. I suggest that it would make more sense to delete the subcategories and put those 20 articles in the main category. Feedback? --rogerd (talk) 01:49, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

 * There probably just aren't enough different types of US ag planes to make having each decade a separate category. Plus most were designed in the 1950s or 1960s alone. I think it was done this way to match the other larger categories. - Ahunt (talk) 11:18, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

 * The sub-categories are all the same for these aircraft categories and are designed to be looked at across decades. One solution would be to have a new Category:Agricultural aircraft category as a global role category and then also put them all in the Category:Foo civil utility aircraft 1950-1959 type cats to retain the decades. MilborneOne (talk) 12:21, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I noticed that Category:Agricultural aircraft already exists and is also sparsely populated. There just aren't enough ag aircraft to fill up multiple categories.  --rogerd (talk) 02:46, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Example is incorrect or out of date
The "Primary categorisation" section of this article uses "Category:British fighter aircraft 1930-1939" as an example, but the tree shown in the example doesn't match the actual tree as it currently exists. For example the category is (redundantly) under "Category:British aircraft 1930-1939". The example says "Fighter aircraft (as above)", but it's not shown above. Could someone with more knowledge of categories than me take a look at it ? DexDor (talk) 20:34, 2 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Now fixed. DexDor (talk) 05:40, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

Proposed/Cancelled/Abandoned
We appear to projects and unflown aircraft slightly differently the current guideline says Aircraft projects that were cancelled without ever flying are categorised by the year the project was terminated or abandoned (ie, the closest that they got to a first flight.) these are also put in a cancelled or abandoned (not sure of the difference!) categories sometimes. Currently new aircraft that have not flown are being put in a Proposed aircraft of foo cat and are not moved into a dated role cat until they have flown. Should older abandoned/cancelled aircraft be treated the same, that is if they were only programmes or ideas that didnt fly they should not really be in the decade role cats, would it be better to organise the abandoned/cancelled categories better perhaps by decade. Any thoughts. MilborneOne (talk) 14:18, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * That is an interesting problem. Do you think we are over categorizing? - Ahunt (talk) 19:23, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, and we are getting confused the recent addition of helicopter cats by decade goes against the normal practice which is only the role based cats are decade based. I think we should have a rethink about the whole scheme, something like:

 * Boeing 747
 * Origin - Category:United States aircraft 1960-1969
 * Type - Category:Airliner
 * Configuration - Category:Four-engine jet monoplane
 * Maker - Category:Boeing aircraft
 * Dassault Mirage
 * Origin - Category:French aircraft 1950-1959
 * Type - Category:Fighter aircraft
 * Configuration - Category:Twin-engine jet tailess delta-wing aircraft
 * Maker - Category:Dassault aircraft
 * Sopwith Camel
 * Origin - Category:British aircraft 1910-1919
 * Type - Category:Fighter aircraft
 * Configuration - Category:Single-engine tractor biplane
 * Maker - Category:Sopwith aircraft
 * Boeing 2707
 * Origin - Category:Cancelled aircraft projects of the United States
 * Type - Category:Airliner
 * Configuration - Category:Four-engine jet tailed delta-wing aircraft
 * Maker - Category:Boeing aircraft

All the hard work would be in the parent cats rather than the articles and it would restrict the many cats in the article. MilborneOne (talk) 20:02, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Given that we can easily use the tool to find out how much use category pages are getting from readers and that the answer is "not much", perhaps we need to greatly simplify the whole aircraft cats that we have. I guess the other thing that the low number of hits tells us is that it may not be a worthwhile use of time to spend a lot of effort on. - Ahunt (talk) 20:12, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Agreed perhaps we should just make sure what we use is accurate, although I still think aircraft that have not flown should not be in the decade categories. MilborneOne (talk) 20:18, 8 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, I personally think the more specific the categories the better (and not just becasue I've worked on a lot of them! ;) ), even if they aren't getting much use it's better to be more precise than not precise enough, I'd think. The scheme above does make sense, I'll agree, but some of the "configuration" categories could get a bit silly, while the "type" categories could get huge. In addition, as far as spending time - well, my "writing" muse is still by and large "off", so it's not like it's detracting from anything else, at least in my case...
 * I will, however, completely agree on the idea that cancelled projects shouldn't be in the by-year type categories.
 * As for helicopters by decade - I disagree on it going against practice. Basically it mirrors "aircraft" by decade (always done) with (more or less) "rotorcraft" by decade.
 * My suggestion would be something like this, using, say, an English Electric Lightning as an example:

 * National Origin and Role: Category:British fighters 1950-1959 or Category:Fighter aircraft of the United Kingdom 1950-1959 (the latter conforms with WP:NCCAT...)
 * Engine and Wing configuration: Category:Twinjet monoplanes or Category:Twin-engined jet monoplanes
 * Tail/Special Configuration: n/a
 * Maker: Category:English Electric aircraft
 * 'Other' category: Interceptors
 * Using the CH-47 Chinook as an example of a helicopter:

 * National Origin and Role: Category:United States military transport aircraft 1960-1969 or Category:Military transport aircraft of the United States 1960-1969
 * Engine and Wing Configuration: n/a
 * Tail/Special Configuration: Category:Tandem-rotor helicopters
 * Maker: Category:Boeing Vertol aircraft and/or Category:Boeing aircraft
 * 'Other' category: United States helicopters 1960-1969
 * And finally, the Curtiss XP-55 Ascender:

 * National Origin and Role: Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States (< perhaps subdivided by decade?) (duh, it flew, so...fighters 1940-1949...)
 * Engine and Wing Configuration: Category:Single-engined pusher monoplanes
 * Tail/Special Configuration: Category:Canard aircraft
 * Maker: Category:Curtiss aircraft
 * 'Other' category: n/a
 * (Note, I'm reluctant to use "Tractor" as part of a category for engine configuration, as it's kinda "default" and might make some people think of a John Deere instead of an airplane!)
 * Delta wings and such would go under 'Tail/Special' instead of 'Engine and Wing' to avoid strange-sounding category names like the one suggested for the Boeing 2707 up there - just basic "biplane/monoplane" in the 'E/W' section (and no high- or low-wing monoplane please, as the existiance of mid-wing types, and when does a high-wing become a mid-wing become a low-wing could make that rather confusing indeed!). - The Bushranger One ping only 20:39, 8 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Although after re-reading I see I slightly misunderstood Ahunt's last comment, sorry! I agree that it's probably not too much to pull hair out over given the low hits - provided it's accurate - and I'd agree completely on getting non-operational types out of the per-decade categories. - The Bushranger One ping only 20:44, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Well, since I made a right hash of the above (and bearing in mind AHunt's comment), perhaps letting sleeping bears lie is the way to go (and to mix metaphors), but if there's no objection I'll go ahead and start removing "Fooian foofighters 1492-1776" categories from aircraft that didn't fly. - The Bushranger One ping only 21:33, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

 * No objections Bushranger - I also do not disagree with some of your observations but perhaps we should just look at them in slow time. As I am the normally the only one who uses the tractor cat then per your comments they can be removed. Perhaps single engine etc should come under tractor aircraft parent and those under pusher should be single engine pusher etc. MilborneOne (talk) 22:15, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Cancelled aircraft - by decade ?
WP:AIR/C currently says "Aircraft projects that were cancelled without ever flying are categorised by the year the project was terminated or abandoned (ie, the closest that they got to a first flight.)". The discussion above and the discussion at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Aircraft (July 2013) indicate that some editors think this should be changed (perhaps replaced by a reference to Category:Cancelled aircraft projects). On the other hand, it would make for a somewhat simpler category system if we instead deleted (listified?) the cancelled/abandoned categories and kept #Era as it has been since 2004. Also the current cancelled/abandoned categories blur the line between articles about aircraft types and articles about projects/programs (e.g. the articles under Category:Military aircraft procurement programs). DexDor (talk) 19:25, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The aircraft procurement programs cat should be for projects like FSTA (British Tanker aircraft) or JPATS (American trainer) not for the actually aircraft. Have you an example of what you think the cancelled/abandoned category system would look like ? MilborneOne (talk) 19:44, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * My suggestion is to delete the whole Category:Cancelled aircraft projects tree - having ensured that each article currently in it is categorized under either a normal country-type-decade cat (for articles such as BAC TSR-2), a procurement programs cat (for articles such as Amerika Bomber) or both. I.e. cut down from 3 category trees (projects/aircraft/programs) to 2 category trees (aircraft/programs). Alternatively, WP:AIR/C should be changed to refer to Category:Cancelled aircraft projects. DexDor (talk) 21:19, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * OK that might work, but I dont think we should use the Foo aircraft 19XX-19XX decade categories for aircraft that didnt actually fly. MilborneOne (talk) 21:31, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * IMO it makes sense to categorize a type like AD Scout alongside similar aircraft (i.e. in Category:British fighter aircraft 1910–1919). From my sampling it looks like most abandoned types are already in such a category. However, if the consensus is not to categorize like that then WP:AIR/C should be changed (and the cancelled/abandoned categories kept). DexDor (talk) 22:01, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Category:Military aircraft of World War II
There's a discussion at Category_talk:Military_aircraft_of_World_War_II. DexDor (talk) 12:24, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

Discussion at CFD about categorization by role
Several categories containing articles about aircraft types (categories not currently mentioned in WP:AIR/C) are under discussion at Categories_for_discussion/Log/2013_November_6. DexDor (talk) 20:26, 10 November 2013 (UTC)


text:
User:Lupo/To do

A list of various things I want to do. If you want to help me, jump right in!

 * Stanley Ross Morgan (redir "Stanley R. Morgan", dab at Stanley Morgan): U.S. Signal corps sergeant who recovered the bodies of Will Rogers and Wiley Post. Born 1904-02-27 in Payson, Utah, died 1978-02-09. Soldier's Medal 1936. 1935 newspaper article: The Sunday Morning Star, 1935-10-13 Shop owner in 1965 in Nome: LIFE, 1965-10-01. In Nome apparently already 1949: President of the Nome Rotary Club in 1949. In the Signal Corps, apparently promoted to Captain by 1952? (Is this the same Stanley R. Morgan?) According to Bodfish, Waldo: Kusiq: An Eskimo Life History from the Arctic Coast of Alaska, Oral Biography Series, University of Alaska, 1991; ISBN 0912006447, Morgan was "a second lieutenant in 1943. He retired from the Army in 1946 (Tewkesbury and Tewkesbury 1947:54)". The mentioned reference would be Tewkesbury, David & William: Tewkesbury's Who's Who in Alaska and Alaska Business Index, Tewkesbury Publishers, Juneau, Alaska, 1947.

Inventors:

 * Frederick Ellsworth Sickles or "Sickels": born in New Jersey on September 20, 1819, died March 8, 1895 in Kansas City. Inventor of steam engine gears ("drop-cut-off" or "detachable valve-gear", 1841, patented May 20, 1842 patent #2631; this type of valve made high-pressure steam engines possible and was used later in the Corliss engine) and steering devices for ships (patent no. 9713, May 10, 1853). Lived in New York. At least one daughter? Patent case before the U.S. Supreme Court: Other links:, . Obituary in Sci Am 72:195? NY Times from April 8, 1895. Inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007.
 * Isaiah Jennings: born 1782-12-13 in Frankford, Connecticut, died 1863-07-02 in Fairfield, Connecticut. Inventor of a mixture of distilled turpentine and alcohol; first fluid allowing smokeless burning of oil lamps. Patented October 16, 1830, improved June 13, 1831. Also invented a 12-shot repeating flintlock rifle (sold at $34,000 at an auction in 2006). Further inventions include a threshing machine.

Early women photographers:
 * Ella E. McBride (November 17, 1862 - September 14, 1965):, , and Google. Photos. Worked with Edward S. Curtis.
 * Adelaide Hanscom: see commons:Creator:Adelaide Hanscom. Chronology here.
 * Myra Albert Wiggins (1869 – 1956): Glabuer, C: The Witch of Kodakery: The Photography of Myra Albert Wiggins, 1869-1956, ISBN 087422148x. Also see.
 * Check "dturnernor" on Flickr: looks like he's a teacher who ran some project, where his students had to write brief bios of 8 photographers each, and he graded them.

Famous African Americans:
 * Expand Coretta Scott King and David Dinkins.

History of Switzerland:
 * Keep going with the articles linked from Template:History of Switzerland.
 * Expand both Zürich and Grisons. The History of the Grisons is sufficiently complicated that it probably deserves its own article. de:Graubünden is a good, if a bit too concise, summary. See also and.
 * Bern and Canton of Berne also look rather shallow. Probably deserves a separate article History of Berne, with summaries with different emphasis in the two other articles, for the canton grew out of the city's tributary regions.
 * History of the Valais from de:Geschichte des Wallis.
 * History of Lucerne from de:Geschichte des Kantons Luzern.
 * Rewrite Battle of Sempach, its current [ 14:27, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC) ] style is just unbearable.
 * Städtebund, with redirects from Städtebünde and maybe City alliances (I haven't found any exact translation of the German term), starting from e.g. (a bit too Switzerland-centric) and de:Städtebund.
 * Communal movement in medieval Europe. I have a preliminary print source, will need researching of on-line resources.
 * Hintersassen: not all Eidgenossen were equal! Cf..
 * Basel is very short indeed.

Nazi Germany People

 * Go through Special:Contributions/68.248.199.3 and verify/source these articles!
 * Check any article on Nazi Germany people I come across for "hidden" (and typically apologetic or outright pro-Nazi) POV phrasing. Such as capitalizing on successes, not mentioning war crimes committed (or, in the case of military commanders, committed by their troops or in areas they were active), not mentioning convictions in post-war trials, putting terms like "war criminal" or "crimes against humanity" in quotes, biased references showing only one (usually the positive) side, etc.

Medieval Literature

 * Fix Reynard the Fox and write Ysengrimus. (The former is derived from the latter, so there cannot be any talk of "most improbably"!) My research so far:
 * , Google cache of Britannica page, the 1911 Britannica, History of Reynard the Fox (PDF, 393kB),, , a literature fer for Ysengrimus, one for Reynard (pp. 155-166), comprehensive history of Reynard (in German), Dutch text, also mentioning the Ecbasis captivi, another precursor of Reynard, in which the beasts are unnamed, Isengrim @ Britannica, French Literature @ 1911.

title: User:Lupo/To do


text: User talk:130.236.79.253

title: User talk:130.236.79.253


text:
Talk:Pokémon Adventures

Relation to the games' storylines
I haven't read this manga, so all I can really contribute is formatting... but how closely does it really follow the game series? The Elete Four thing sounds pretty out of whack with things in the games – that's following the games about as closely as Pokémon the First Movie did... but, it could generally follow the games besides that, I have no idea. Obviously it's not going to be a verbatim transcript of the games, but... anyay, can someone who's read this clarify a little? --Sparky the Seventh Chaos 14:29, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * A lot of what goes down is pretty different than what happens in the games or anime, and yes, the Elite Four are evil in this. ECPBlue (talk) 21:40 February 18, 2021

 * I haven't read the manga itself, but I read a summary of one of the "chapters" and found that Misty is a little like in the anime (as in the fact that she wanders around Kanto instead of taking care of her gym. I don't know if her sisters from the anime are present in the Mnaga or not)--Fern 19:00, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The only times Misty appears are in specific circumstances that lead her to leave her gym. Many other gym leaders in the series are also known to wander around their regions, or even other regions, instead of tending to their gym but as they're aid to work for the pokemon league association in the manga they are usually doing certain duties such as maintaining the local area. The only gym leader that ever seems to worry about leaving their gym behind is Blue, but its possible that other gym leaders follow in his approach. Misty's sisters do not appear in the manga as far as I can remember — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.174.193.18 (talk) 13:57, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's true that the Elite Four are evil in this manga. This series takes quite a few liberties on the actual games.

Indeed. I've read chapter summaries at Serebii.net.

 * i have virtually all of the English-translated versions, and it completely blows the anime out of the water. For one thing, it has a REAL story, plus it's much more dramatic and ocasionally even graphic. One image i seem to recall is an Arbok getting sliced in half!

"Yeah, I also prefer the manga to the anime. I like its story line and its drama. Nhl1988 19:43, 14 May 2007 (UTC)"

 * same here —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sagdgdas (talk • contribs) 21:19, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Team Rocket name?
“Rocket” is an acronym for “Raid On the City, Knock-out, Evil Tusks.”

WTF? where did this come from? Never heard of it, doubt it's true. Needs to be confirmed or removed.

Giovanni says it in a flashback of Team Rocket's founding late in the GSC series. --Happy Mask Man 02:09, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes, it's weird and makes no sense, but yes, it's true, at least in the Chuang Yi translations, which I have.

 * My school has the VIZ releases and it says the same thing. Chapter 286 is the one you're looking for if you wanna confirm. ECPBlue (talk) 22:17, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

the Truth
Everything in the Pokemon Adventures page is pretty much true. The manga deviates quite a bit from the game, picking up hints here and there to formulate a new story altogether. You may recall that Agatha tells you in the game that Proffessor Oak used to be quite a man, just that now he just wants to tinker with his pokedex; that is reflected in the storyline of the manga as she holds a grudge against Proffessor Oak in the series.

As for the Team Rocket acronym- sadly, that /is/ true. Certain things have been lost in translation and the Singapore team isn't as gifted as Viz. So it turned out sounding odd, but at /least/ it makes some kind of sense.

Misty and Brock both stay put in their respective gyms. The sisters do not appear. Blue's sister is known as Daisy, and she appears to help Prof. Oak out with his research in the later novels, starting from novel 6.

Don't worry about the Arbok. It's made to develop a secret power of being able to regenerate itself. :D

"About Arbok, it is said the the patern on its chest decided its special power.Nhl1988 19:37, 14 May 2007 (UTC)"

Blue's sister was called May in the Yellow saga. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.197.57.83 (talk) 02:20, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Please Expand!
For over a month, I have added a large section on the different chapters of Pokémon Adventures. However, it would seem to me that that particular section is getting more anonymous edits and almost no registered edits. It cannot be that I am the only registered user in this whole encyclopedia who knows a fraction of the storyline. There may be other Wikipedians who actually know the storyline of the first four Chapters, yet do not wish to chip in effort to contribute. It is very strange if that is so. Is the section on Chapters uncyclopedic? If so, please let me know. You guys joined Wikipedia to contribute to it, not slack. If you know the storyline, please expand the section! -- Alt  iris   Exeunt  00:57, 23 November 2006 (UTC) "I also love this manga. However, it is recently put on hiatus in my country, so I am quite un capable of it, but I'll try my best to help watever i cam Nhl1988 19:40, 14 May 2007 (UTC)"

Should Green's and Blue's name remain US version or Japan's?
Well, you might shout at me with tons of reason, state that their name should remain US name, but it that so? In FRLG saga chapter 292, it states that Green (Blue in US) traded his Charizard for Red's Saur to make the prefect match Fire Red and LEAF GREEN. Now, please tell me the answer?

"I think the name should also be like in Japan's version. That's would make more sense amd more coherent to the story line. Not only those two, but should all the name remaine in Japanese, the manga, after all, is not the same as the anime if not completely seperated. Nhl1988 19:38, 14 May 2007 (UTC)"

I agree as well. If only someone would be kind enough to change it. I would if I'm allowed to.

If you want it to be the US version then how come it confuses the characters names a few times? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.111.216.182 (talk) 08:50, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

I think we should use the official English names, since this is the English Wikipedia. --Evice (talk) 18:14, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Even if the names here are the official English ones, the pages that are linked to it: Blue (pokemon) and Green (pokemon) are not consistent. To avoid moving pages, it would be simpler to rename them after the originals (Blue is the antagonist, Green is the girl). Rfts (talk) 06:28, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

I'm in favor of keeping the English names for two reasons:

 * The names were purposefully switched in the English adaptation because Pokemon Green Version was never released outside of Japan; thus, having Red's main rival, who is the secondary protagonist of the first story arc, be named Green wouldn't make much sense to the average reader familiar with the games at the time of its publication. Thus, the name Green was given to the tertiary female protagonist--a character based on the unused female player character for Red & Green/Blue.

 * Because this is the English language Wikipedia, it wouldn't make sense to have the names reflect the Japanese version, and doing so would only serve to confuse English-speaking readers who aren't aware of the name switch. Likewise, the Japanese page should reflect the Japanese names.

If it was a translation mistake, I would be for preserving the Japanese names. But because it was intentionally done and has been kept for over 20 years, it should reflect the names that English readers of the manga would know them by. --PikachuJohnson (talk) 13:36, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Comedy??
While PokeSpecial certainly has it's humorous moments, I don't see how it could be classified as comedy. Even Ruby/Sapphire, which is the most comedic one (unless it gets funnier at a part I haven't read yet... I'm through the first few chapters of Emerald), turned out to be very dramatic in the end... does it become more comedic in Emerald and DP?
 * not really, i believe it focuses on action and adventure than comedy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sagdgdas (talk • contribs) 21:20, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The Diamond and Pearl arc is. Two of the main characters, Diamond and Pearl, are aspiring comedians, and their act is a major part of the story arc. A lot of the chapters within the story arc show them practicing their routine. Weather or not it's funny is one thing, but technically the DP arc is a comedy, among other things. PikachuJohnson (talk) 13:41, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Berlitz
We do not know what The Ladys first name, and I will change it unless given a valid sorce. BaconBoy914 (talk) 17:04, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * In all honesty, I think Platinum should be Platina. There really isn't a exact Japanese-English name translation, so I can't prove it, but I'm fairly certain it's Platina. --haha169 (talk) 04:46, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * As there is currently no official English language name for Berlitz, as currently only up to Volume 28 has been release by Chuang Yi, then the name should remain as Platina under otherwise stated. TheChrisD Rants • Edits 09:04, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't she referred insteas as just Berlitz because how can we be really sure that it is Platinum or Platina?-- Cool Pikachu!  21:25, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * But just Berlitz would also be a factual inaccuracy. Her name isn't just Berlitz. It sufficed for the time when we didn't know her first name, but now that it has been revealed... Oh, and additionally, I think that her nicknames "The Lady" should be added to her bio...just my two cents. :D --haha169 (talk) 02:03, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Let's just call her by her surname until there's an official english reference to her first name. That way, we can avoid an edit war. --Ryu-chan (Talk | Contributions) 02:35, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Personally, I think her name should be Platinum. For starters, all the character up to this point (even the two original characters) have been named after the games. Her name uses the same kanji for the word Platinum. Even the games page uses the same kanji saying "Pokémon Platinum, released in Japan as Pocket Monsters Platinum (ポケットモンスタープラチナ, Poketto Monsutā Purachina)". And it should also be noted that Kusaka (the guy who wrote the story, not the artist) kept her name hidden until Platinum was released in Japan. --Ryu-chan (Talk | Contributions) 15:22, 12 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Platinum is her official name in both the Japanese and English versions. The Shogakukan website explicitly listed it as such. I'd provide a link but it's long-dead and I have no idea how to find archived links. Platina wouldn't make any sense because it's Platinum Version. Every single one of the characters has been specifically named after individual games. The only "exceptions" are Blake and Whitley, and that's because it's next to impossible to rationalize anyone naming their child Black 2 or White 2 (and their names are close approximations besides), and Henry Sword and Casey Shield, whose surnames are named after the games. PikachuJohnson (talk) 14:00, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Character Names
In the plot, someone vandalized the article, switching around Blue and Greens names and cleverly putting a warning say that those are the english names. All of them aren't switched around and I'm not familiar with the whole story, so can someone please fix this? --Ryu (Talk | Contributions) 05:39, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I'll try to do that while trimming the plot section which is very long.Tintor2 (talk) 15:09, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

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Shonen?
Pokémon Adventures isn't a Shonen manga. Shonen manga is aimed at people 12 to 18. Thus Shōnen manga contains blood, swearing, amd sexual content. Pokémon adventures has none of that. Yes the earlier chapters had more mature content but, that's no longer the case in later chapters. People please respect my edit. Flxsh zeraora (talk) 20:52, 23 April 2018 (UTC)

 * It actually depends on the magazine is serialized rather than the content. For example, xxxHolic is published in a seinen magazine but there is no people dying all over the place or any kind of extreme sex appeal. Also, check guidelines. Nobody owns the Wikipedia articles as they are free to edit so don't make any controversial change without achieving a WP:Consensus. I'll request more opinions.Tintor2 (talk) 21:36, 23 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Shonen is aimed at people aged at people 12 - 18, yes, but you have to remember it's what appeals to them, rather than what they are mature enough to handle. Therefore this is shonen. ECPBlue (talk) 21:05, 18 February 2021 (UTC)

 * From CoroCoro Comic: "Its main target is elementary school aged boys"
 * Unfortunately this statement is completely unsourced. The only source on the article that gives a demographic for the magazine is an ANN article, which declares it a "children's manga magazine". In the past, this article was cited for the shōnen demographic, but a Google Translation doesn't show it. Even a quick search for the kanji 少年 doesn't appear in the article. And although Pokemon Adventures ran in CoroCoro Ichiban instead of CoroCoro Comic, there are no sources that it targets a different demographic.
 * BTW, the demographic should be listed as "Children" instead of "Kodomo" per MOS:FOREIGN. Kodomo is not in common use in the English language nor is it not used as a demographic descriptive by reliable English-language sources —Farix (t | c) 22:31, 23 April 2018 (UTC)

ECPBlue, it is not a Shonen. Manga magazines dictate what demographic it is. If the manga was only published in a Children’s magazine then it’s demographic is children. However, Shonen is for teenage boys 12-18. CoroCoro isn’t a Shonen. In order for a manga to be a Shonen, Shojo, Seinen or Josei, it MUST be published in a magazine aimed at one of those above types of demographic. So you’re personal preference has no relevance in this factor. SG1994! (talk) 00:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

It doesn’t matter about appeal. It matter what the magazine company deems it as. The magazine was written to have material for children. That’s all that needs ti be said. SG1994! (talk) 00:56, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

Many places classified its as a shonen manga, even in Japan also is. Example: https://dokusho-ojikan.jp/series_list/series_id=107151?book_id=811596&ref=seriesDetail_bookImage_107151 https://booklive.jp/product/index/title_id/315836/vol_no/001 https://honto.jp/netstore/pd-book_28491462.html 2001:B011:C007:5433:C7D:E884:A39E:AFC0 (talk) 16:21, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

There is no statement that says it’s a Shonen. Coro Coro Ichiban is a Kodomo-Muke magazine. Shonen is a demographic for teen boys 12-18. Coro Coro isn’t credited as such. You’re wrong. Move on. SG1994! (talk) 01:06, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Rating
I really want to get this article to meet Good Article criteria, but I'm new here. Basically, this section is here because I want to know what needs to be done for it to meet the criteria. I'll just really do what you want and I can. ECPBlue (talk) 23:01, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

Heavily Edit the Plot section
As someone who contributed to the stub that was the BW arc, I want to add more material to the volume list and shorten the Plot section. AranaeHere (talk) 00:14, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pokémon Adventures