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WMPG

WMPG (90.9 FM) is a community radio station broadcasting from Portland, Maine. It is located on Bedford Street at the University of Southern Maine Portland Campus. It is affiliated with the college, and a mix of USM students and volunteers from the greater Portland community produce all the music and local public affairs programs. It broadcasts 4.5 kilowatts on 90.9 (licensed to Gorham, where the main campus of USM is located).

History
The station was founded in 1970 by then eighteen year old freshman of the University of Southern Maine Howard Allen. Allen began that station in his dorm room in Anderson Hall on the Gorham campus with a small pirate-radio transmitter, a set of turntables, and his private record collection. At its inception, it was a carrier current station broadcasting under the call sign WGOR. Soon, other students became involved in the station, a club was formed to manage it which was subsequently recognized by the student government, and funded by the student activity fee. The club set up a large antenna on the roof of Anderson Hall which allowed the station's weak signal to reach further into the town of Gorham. Since most radio stations in the 1970s were transmitting on the AM frequency, Allen selected a frequency on the FM frequency, and WGOR began emitting a 100 milliwatt signal on 91.FM.

The school administration did not become aware of the station until 1972 when a local newspaper wrote an article about WGOR. Seeing the station's educational potential, university administration arranged for Bill Crosby, the chief engineer of Maine Public Broadcasting Network (MPBN) in Orono, to help Allen and the club apply for FCC licensure. The broadcast license was granted by the FCC in the summer 1973 with a 10 watt signal reaching from Gorham to most of Portland. Allen graduated in 1974 leaving the station in the hands of future students.

In 1988 the station upgraded its signal to 1.11 kilowatts and shifted frequency to 90.9 MHz. A 50 watt translator on 104.1 MHz located on Portland's Munjoy Hill went on the air in 1999. In 2008 WMPG was granted a construction permit to increase power to 4.5 kilowatts and move transmitting facilities from the Gorham campus of the University of Southern Maine to Blackstrap Mountain in Falmouth. After a lengthy fund-raising effort and a $120,000 US Department of Commerce grant WMPG started broadcasting at half its licensed upgraded power from the new transmitter site on December 14, 2011, one day before the construction permit was to expire. The 104.1 translator was sold to MPBN in 2016.

title: WMPG


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Sir James Caird, 1st Baronet, of Belmont Castle

Sir James Key Caird, 1st Baronet (7 January 1837 – 9 March 1916) was a Scottish jute baron and mathematician. He was one of Dundee's most successful entrepreneurs, who used the latest technology in his Ashton and Craigie Mills.

Caird was noted for his interest in providing financial aid for scientific research. He was one of the sponsors of Sir Ernest Shackleton's ill-fated Antarctic expedition of 1914 to 1916. The ship's boat, the James Caird, in which six of Shackleton's expedition made an epic voyage of 700 nmi from Elephant Island to South Georgia, was named in appreciation of Caird's contribution.

Biography
James Caird was born in Dundee, and was the son of Edward Caird (1806–1889) who had founded the firm of Caird (Dundee) Ltd in 1832. The business was originally based in a 12 loom shed at Ashtown Works. The elder Caird was one of the first textile manufacturers to weave cloth composed of jute warp and weft. As the use of jute became increasingly popular, the Caird business expanded and thrived.

Business career
In 1870 James Caird succeeded his father as head of Caird (Dundee) Ltd. Under his leadership Ashton Works was re-built, expanded and equipped with the latest machinery. In 1905, the firm also took over Craigie Works, which had formerly supplied Caird with much of his yarn. Eventually the two works employed 2,000 hands. The Dundee Advertiser reported that Caird was a good employer who ran an efficient business which was also "a model of comfort for the workers".

Family
In 1873, Caird married Sophy Gray (1843–82), sister-in-law of the painter John Everett Millais. Her mental health was poor and Caird appears to have been rather neglectful towards her. They had one daughter, Beatrix Ada (1874–1888). His wife died at the age of 38 in 1882, possibly as a result of her longstanding battle with anorexia. The couple's daughter died in 1888 at the age of 14. After the death of his closest family, Caird increasingly devoted himself to philanthropic causes.

Philanthropy and research funding
James Caird made a substantial fortune from his business interests and reinvested much of it in his home city. He gave both the Caird Hall, which dominates City Square, and Caird Park in the north of city to the people of Dundee which also includes Mains Castle also known as Fintry Castle. The Marryat Hall, given by his sister Mrs Emma Grace Marryat, links to Caird Hall. In total, between 1895 and 1914 James Caird gave £240,940 in donations to various good causes institutions and organisations in Dundee and elsewhere. In 1902 Caird offered £18,500 to the directors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary so they could erect a hospital for the treatment of cancer. He also provided £1,000 a year for five years to fund research "into the nature of this mysterious disease." The resulting facility opened in 1906 and admitted its first patients in January 1907. His father had earlier left a legacy to Dundee Royal Infirmary, among other good causes.

Caird was created a baronet on 8 February 1913.

Caird was noted for his interest in providing financial aid for scientific research. In 1913, he presented the Royal Society with a cheque for £5,000, which was to be used to fund physical research. Caird also offered University College, Dundee expansive plans for a Physics laboratory, but this offer was rejected by the College Council in 1905.

Caird helped to fund Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic expedition of 1914 to 1916 on Endurance. The largest of the ship's boats, the James Caird, in which six of Endurance crew made their epic small-boat voyage of 700 nmi from Elephant Island to South Georgia, was named in appreciation of Caird's contribution. Caird himself died two months prior to Shackleton's arrival at Stromness, South Georgia. Thus, Caird died without ever learning of the successful rescue of Endurance's personnel whom he helped financing.

Caird was awarded an honorary degree from the University of St. Andrews.

Death
Caird died at his Perthshire estate, Belmont Castle near Meigle, which he had purchased after the death of its previous owner Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. The baronetcy became extinct upon his death. He is buried with his father in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh just west of the central roundel, under a modest stone..

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Voyage of the James Caird

The voyage of the James Caird was a journey of 1300 km from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands through the Southern Ocean to South Georgia, undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions to obtain rescue for the main body of the stranded Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917. Many historians regard the voyage of the crew in a 22.5 ft ship's boat through the "Furious Fifties" as the greatest small-boat journey ever completed. In October 1915, pack ice in the Weddell Sea had sunk the main expedition ship Endurance, leaving Shackleton and his 27 companions adrift on a floe. They drifted northward until April 1916, when the floe on which they were camped broke up; they made their way in the ship's boats to Elephant Island. Shackleton decided to sail one of the boats with a small crew to South Georgia to seek help. It was not the closest human settlement but the only one that did not require them to sail into the prevailing westerlies.

Of the three boats, the James Caird was deemed the most likely to survive the journey (Shackleton had named it after Sir James Key Caird, a Dundee philanthropist whose sponsorship had helped finance the expedition). Before its voyage, the ship's carpenter, Harry McNish, strengthened and adapted the boat to withstand the seas of the Southern Ocean, sealing his makeshift wood and canvas deck with lamp wick, oil paint and seal blood. After surviving a series of dangers, including a near capsizing, the small crew and boat reached the southern coast of South Georgia after a 17-day voyage. Shackleton, Tom Crean and Frank Worsley crossed the island's mountains to a whaling station on the north side. Here they organised the relief of the three men left on the south side of the island and of the larger Elephant Island party. Ultimately, the entire Endurance crew returned home, without loss of life. After the First World War, in 1919, the James Caird was moved from South Georgia to England. Since 1922 it has been on regular display at Shackleton's alma mater, Dulwich College.

Background

On 5 December 1914, Shackleton's expedition traveled via the ship Endurance from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea, on the first stage of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. They were making for Vahsel Bay, the southernmost explored point of the Weddell Sea at 77° 49' S, where a shore party was to land and prepare for a transcontinental crossing of Antarctica. Before reaching its destination, the ship became trapped in pack ice, and by 14 February 1915 was held fast, despite prolonged efforts to free her. During the following eight months the crew stayed with the ship as she drifted northward in the ice until, on 27 October, she was crushed by the pack's pressure, finally sinking on 21 November.

As his 27-man crew set up camp on the slowly moving ice, Shackleton's focus shifted to how best to save his party. His first plan was to march across the ice to the nearest land, and try to reach a point that ships were known to visit. The march began, but progress was hampered by the nature of the ice's surface, later described by Shackleton as "soft, much broken up, open leads intersecting the floes at all angles".

After struggling to make headway over several days, they abandoned the march; the party established "Patience Camp" on a flat ice floe, and waited as the drift carried them further north, towards open water. They had managed to salvage the three boats, which Shackleton had named after the principal backers of the expedition: Stancomb-Wills, Dudley Docker and James Caird. The party waited until 8 April 1916, when they finally took to the boats as the ice started to break up. Over a perilous period of seven days they sailed and rowed through stormy seas and dangerous loose ice, to reach the temporary haven of Elephant Island on 15 April.

Elephant Island

Elephant Island, on the eastern limits of the South Shetland Islands, was remote from anywhere that the expedition had planned to go, and far beyond normal shipping routes. No relief ship would search for them there, and the likelihood of rescue from any other outside agency was equally negligible. The island was bleak and inhospitable, and its terrain devoid of vegetation, although it had fresh water, and a relative abundance of seals and penguins to provide food and fuel for immediate survival. The rigours of an Antarctic winter were fast approaching; the narrow shingle beach where they were camped was already being swept by almost continuous gales and blizzards, which destroyed one of the tents in their temporary camp, and knocked others flat. The pressures and hardships of the previous months were beginning to tell on the men, many of whom were in a run-down state both mentally and physically.

In these conditions, Shackleton decided to try to reach help, using one of the boats. The nearest port was Stanley in the Falkland Islands, 570 nmi away, but was made unreachable by the prevailing westerly winds. A better option was to head for Deception Island, 200 nmi away at the western end of the South Shetland chain. Although it was uninhabited, Admiralty records indicated that this island held stores for shipwrecked mariners, and was also visited from time to time by whalers. However, reaching it would also involve a journey against the prevailing winds—though in less open seas—with ultimately no certainty when or if rescue would arrive. After discussions with the expedition's second-in-command, Frank Wild, and ship's captain Frank Worsley, Shackleton decided to attempt to reach the whaling stations of South Georgia, to the north-east. This would mean a longer boat journey of 700 nmi across the Southern Ocean, in conditions of rapidly approaching winter, but with the help of following winds it appeared feasible. Shackleton thought that "a boat party might make the voyage and be back with relief within a month, provided that the sea was clear of ice, and the boat survive the great seas".

Preparations

The South Georgia boat party could expect to meet hurricane-force winds and waves—the notorious Cape Horn Rollers—measuring from trough to crest as much as 18 m. Shackleton therefore selected the heaviest and strongest of the three boats, the 22.5 ft long James Caird. It had been built as a whaleboat in London to Worsley's orders, designed on the "double-ended" tradition. Knowing that a heavily laden open sea voyage was now unavoidable, Shackleton had already asked the expedition's carpenter, Harry McNish to modify the boats during the weeks the expedition spent at Patience Camp. Using material taken from Endurance's fourth boat, a small motor launch which had been broken up with this purpose in mind before the ship's final loss, McNish had raised the sides of the James Caird and the Dudley Docker by 8–10 inches (20–25 cm). Now in the primitive camp on Elephant Island, McNish was again asked if he could make the James Caird more seaworthy. Using improvised tools and materials, McNish built a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, sealing his work with oil paints, lamp wick and seal blood. The craft was strengthened by having the mast of the Dudley Docker lashed inside, along the length of her keel. She was then fitted as a ketch, with her own mainmast and a mizzenmast made by cutting down the mainmast from the Stancomb-Wills, rigged to carry lug sails and a jib. The weight of the boat was increased by the addition of approximately 1 long ton (1 tonne) of ballast, to lessen the risk of capsizing in the high seas that Shackleton knew they would encounter. Worsley believed that too much extra ballast (formed from rocks, stones and shingle taken from the beach) was added, making the boat excessively heavy, giving an extremely uncomfortable 'stiff' motion and hampering the performance for sailing upwind or into the weather. However, he acknowledged that Shackleton's biggest concern was preventing the boat capsizing during the open-ocean crossing.

The boat was loaded with provisions to last six men one month; as Shackleton later wrote, "if we did not make South Georgia in that time we were sure to go under". They took ration packs that had been intended for the transcontinental crossing, biscuits, Bovril, sugar and dried milk. They also took two 18-gallon (68-litre) casks of water (one of which was damaged during the loading and let in sea water), two Primus stoves, paraffin, oil, candles, sleeping bags and odd items of spare clothing.

Shackleton's first choices for the boat's crew were Worsley and Tom Crean, who had apparently "begged to go". Crean was a shipmate from the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and had also been with Scott's Terra Nova Expedition in 1910–13, where he had distinguished himself on the fatal polar march. Shackleton was confident that Crean would persevere to the bitter end, and had great faith in Worsley's skills as a navigator, especially his ability to work out positions in difficult circumstances. Worsley later wrote: "We knew it would be the hardest thing we had ever undertaken, for the Antarctic winter had set in, and we were about to cross one of the worst seas in the world".

For the remaining places Shackleton requested volunteers, and of the many who came forward he chose two strong sailors in John Vincent and Timothy McCarthy. He offered the final place to the carpenter, McNish. "He was over fifty years of age", wrote Shackleton of McNish (he was in fact 41), "but he had a good knowledge of sailing boats and was very quick". Vincent and McNish had each proved their worth during the difficult boat journey from the ice to Elephant Island. They were both somewhat awkward characters, and their selection may have reflected Shackleton's wish to keep potential troublemakers under his personal charge rather than leaving them on the island where personal animosities could fester.

Open-boat journey

Before leaving, Shackleton instructed Frank Wild that he was to assume full command as soon as the James Caird departed, and that should the journey fail, he was to attempt to take the party to Deception Island the following spring. The James Caird was launched from Elephant Island on 24 April 1916. The wind was a moderate south-westerly, which aided a swift getaway, and the boat was quickly out of sight of the land.

Shackleton ordered Worsley to set a course due north, instead of directly for South Georgia, to get clear of the menacing ice-fields that were beginning to form. By midnight they had left the immediate ice behind, but the sea swell was rising. At dawn the next day, they were 45 nmi from Elephant Island, sailing in heavy seas and force 9 winds. Shackleton established an on-board routine: two three-man watches, with one man at the helm, another at the sails, and the third on bailing duty. The off-watch trio rested in the tiny covered space in the bows. The difficulties of exchanging places as each watch ended would, Shackleton wrote, "have had its humorous side if it had not involved us in so many aches and pains". Their clothing was designed for Antarctic sledging rather than open-boat sailing. It was not waterproof, and contact with the icy seawater left their skins painfully raw.

Success depended on Worsley's navigation, which was based on brief sightings of the sun as the boat pitched and rolled. The first observation was made after two days, and showed them to be 128 nmi north of Elephant Island. The course was changed to head directly for South Georgia. They were clear of floating ice but had reached the dangerous seas of the Drake Passage, where giant waves sweep round the globe, unimpeded by any land. The movement of the boat made preparing hot food on the Primus nearly impossible, but Crean, who acted as cook, somehow kept the men fed.

The next observation, on 29 April, showed that they had travelled 238 nmi. Thereafter, navigation became, in Worsley's words, "a merry jest of guesswork", as they encountered the worst of the weather. The James Caird was taking on water in heavy seas and in danger of sinking, kept afloat by continuous bailing. The temperature fell sharply, and a new danger presented itself in the accumulations of frozen spray, which threatened to capsize the boat. In turns, they had to crawl out on to the pitching deck with an axe and chip away the ice from deck and rigging. For 48 hours they were stopped, held by a sea anchor, until the wind dropped sufficiently for them to raise sail and proceed. Despite their travails, Worsley's third observation, on 4 May, put them only 250 nmi from South Georgia. On 5 May the worst of the weather returned, and brought them close to disaster in the largest seas so far. Shackleton later wrote: "We felt our boat lifted and flung forward like a cork in breaking surf". The crew bailed frantically to keep afloat. Nevertheless, they were still moving towards their goal, and a dead reckoning calculation by Worsley on the next day, 6 May, suggested that they were now 115 nmi from the western point of South Georgia. The strains of the past two weeks were by now taking their toll on the men. Shackleton observed that Vincent had collapsed and ceased to be an active member of the crew, McCarthy was "weak, but happy", McNish was weakening but still showing "grit and spirit".

On 7 May Worsley advised Shackleton that he could not be sure of their position within ten miles. To avoid the possibility of being swept past the island by the fierce south-westerly winds, Shackleton ordered a slight change of course so that the James Caird would reach land on the uninhabited south-west coast. They would then try to work the boat round to the whaling stations on the northern side of the island. "Things were bad for us in those days", wrote Shackleton. "The bright moments were those when we each received our one mug of hot milk during the long, bitter watches of the night". Late on the same day floating seaweed was spotted, and the next morning there were birds, including cormorants which were known never to venture far from land. Shortly after noon on 8 May came the first sighting of South Georgia.

As they approached the high cliffs of the coastline, heavy seas made immediate landing impossible. For more than 24 hours they were forced to stand clear, as the wind shifted to the north-west and quickly developed into "one of the worst hurricanes any of us had ever experienced". For much of this time they were in danger of being driven on to the rocky South Georgia shore, or of being wrecked on the equally menacing Annenkov Island, five miles from the coast. On 10 May, when the storm had eased slightly, Shackleton was concerned that the weaker members of his crew would not last another day, and decided that whatever the hazard they must attempt a landing. They headed for Cave Cove near the entrance to King Haakon Bay, and finally, after several attempts, made their landing there. Shackleton was later to describe the boat journey as "one of supreme strife"; historian Caroline Alexander comments: "They could hardly have known—or cared—that in the carefully weighted judgement of authorities yet to come, the voyage of the James Caird would be ranked as one of the greatest boat journeys ever accomplished".

South Georgia

As the party recuperated, Shackleton realised that the boat was not capable of making a further voyage to reach the whaling stations, and that Vincent and McNish were unfit to travel further. He decided to move the boat to a safer location within King Haakon Bay, from which point he, Worsley and Crean would cross the island on foot, aiming for the station at Stromness.

On 15 May the James Caird made a run of about 6 nmi to a shingle beach near the head of the bay. Here the boat was beached and up-turned to provide a shelter. The location was christened "Peggotty Camp" (after Peggotty's boat-home in Charles Dickens's David Copperfield). Early on 18 May Shackleton, Worsley and Crean began what would be the first confirmed land crossing of the South Georgia interior. Since they had no map, they had to improvise a route across mountain ranges and glaciers. They travelled continuously for 36 hours, before reaching Stromness. Shackleton's men were, in Worsley's words, "a terrible trio of scarecrows", dark with exposure, wind, frostbite and accumulated blubber soot. Later that evening, 19 May, a motor-vessel (the Norwegian whale catcher Samson)  was despatched to King Haakon Bay to pick up McCarthy, McNish and Vincent, and the James Caird. Worsley wrote that the Norwegian seamen at Stromness all "claimed the honour of helping to haul her up to the wharf", a gesture which he found "quite affecting".

The advent of the southern winter and adverse ice conditions meant that it was more than three months before Shackleton was able to achieve the relief of the men at Elephant Island. His first attempt was with the British ship Southern Sky. Then the government of Uruguay loaned him a ship. While searching on the Falkland Islands he found the ship Emma for his third attempt, but the ship's engine blew. Then, finally, with the aid of the steam-tug Yelcho commanded by Luis Pardo, the entire party was brought to safety, reaching Punta Arenas in Chile on 3 September 1916.

Aftermath

The James Caird was returned to England in 1919. In 1921, Shackleton went back to Antarctica, leading the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition. On 5 January 1922, he died suddenly of a heart attack, while the expedition's ship Quest was moored at South Georgia.

Later that year John Quiller Rowett, who had financed this last expedition and was a former school friend of Shackleton's from Dulwich College, South London, decided to present the James Caird to the college. It remained there until 1967, although its display building was severely damaged by bombs in 1944.

In 1967, thanks to a pupil at Dulwich College, Howard Hope, who was dismayed at the state of the boat, it was given to the care of the National Maritime Museum, and underwent restoration. It was then displayed by the museum until 1985, when it was returned to Dulwich College and placed in a new location in the North Cloister, on a bed of stones gathered from South Georgia and Aberystwyth. This site has become the James Caird's permanent home, although the boat is sometimes lent to major exhibitions and has taken part in the London Boat Show and in events at Greenwich, Portsmouth, and Falmouth. It has travelled overseas to be exhibited in Washington, D.C., New York, Sydney, Australia, Wellington (Te Papa) New Zealand and Bonn, Germany.

The James Caird Society was established in 1994, to "preserve the memory, honour the remarkable feats of discovery in the Antarctic, and commend the outstanding qualities of leadership associated with the name of Sir Ernest Shackleton".

In 2000, German polar explorer Arved Fuchs built a detailed copy of Shackleton's boat—named James Caird II—for his replication of the voyage of Shackleton and his crew from Elephant Island to South Georgia. The James Caird II was among the first exhibitions when the International Maritime Museum in Hamburg was opened. A further replica, James Caird III, was built and purchased by the South Georgia Heritage Trust, and since 2008 has been on display at the South Georgia Museum at Grytviken.

Replica
In 2013, Australian explorer Tim Jarvis and five others successfully recreated Shackleton's crossing of the Southern Ocean in the Alexandra Shackleton, a replica of the James Caird. The construction of the replica James Caird was started in June 2008 and was finished in 2010, and was officially launched on 18 March 2012 in Dorset. Using the same materials, clothing, food, and chronometer, Jarvis and the team sailed their replica James Caird from Elephant Island to South Georgia, just as Shackleton did in 1916.

title: Voyage of the James Caird


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Talk:Fundamental theorem of linear algebra

Untitled section
Rewrote the page in terms of the SVD. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.67.87.126 (talk) 21:07, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

What is the notation "U^+" used in the article (under the basis column)? Thanks. 99.236.122.76 (talk) 03:47, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

Well, this is certainly an old-fashioned way of discussing something - not exactly clear in the notation: probably the general linear mapping, and its effect on the dual spaces. It will need some reconciliation with the rest of the linear algebra pages.

Charles Matthews 07:01, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Oh, just for the record, I wrote that table myself and did not just copy it out of a textbook, so no copyvio issues here. —Lowellian (talk)  18:48, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)

I think this needs researched just a bit. The August 2005 issue of Focus by the Mathematical Association of America discusses some candidates for the Fundamental Theorem of Linear Algebra. Whatever textbook this theorem came out of is quite possibly an author's whim and not a generally accepted term.

 * It's Gilbert Strang who calls it that, but he seems to have convinced other people to call it this as well. Swap (talk) 20:13, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Not everyone. I think it's silly.  Zaslav (talk) 03:41, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

Column space/LDU decomposition
Shouldn't the column space be related to the columns L. Something like: P^{-1} times the first r columns of L?

Further: is it sensible to use LDU to define the four subspaces? Not better the SVD? One problem in the article is, that it states, that entries in D are non-decreasing, but that doesn't make sense, since the entries can be positive and negative. What is wanted here is certainly that the nonzero ones come first and then all the zeros. The SVD would clearly make this easier, obviating also the need for a permutation matrix. 134.169.77.186 (talk) 10:09, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

Opaque
This article seems very opaque, even when I already know something about the subject - perhaps something could be done to make it more friendly to those who do not know a lot about the subject already? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.151.247.134 (talk) 04:55, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree. The fundamental theorem is not even stated. Moreover, the article involves orthogonal complement, which implies that the fundamental theorem does not exists for vector spaces that do not have a dot product. I guess that the fundamental theorem is nothing else than the isomorphism theorem for vector spaces. I have tagged the article for warning the readers of this mess. D.Lazard (talk) 11:31, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Three years later, I have stated what seems the intended theorem. The remainder of the article remains a mess. It is full of inaccuracies, and requires to be expert of the subject for understanding the intended meaning. Therefore, I'll probably remove most of the content.

Move, merge or delete?
Recently,this article was a mess, as, it was almost impossible to extract from it the statement of the theorem referred to in the title. I have edited it for reducing it to the statement that can be guessed from this previous form.

By doing this, I have removed the part of the article that refers to an inner product, because, otherwise, this would suggest that linear algebra without inner product is not fundamental.

Although the results that remain in the present state of the article are important, and deserve to be accessible in WP, this seems excessive to qualify them as the fundamental theorem of linear algebra.

Firstly, these results are corollaries of the existence of bases for every vector space, and therefore cannot be qualified as fundamental.

Secondly Scholar Google gives 715 hits for "fundamental theorem of linear algebra" while there are more than 1.7 million of hits for "fundamental theorem of algebra", and 198,000 hits for "fundamental theorem of projective geometry". Thus, "fundamental theorem of linear algebra" is not a common name.

So, this article should be either moved, merged or deleted. I have not found any plausible target for a move or a merge. Therefore, for the moment, I would be inclined to nominate the article for deletion. Before doing that, I'll notify this thread to WT:WPM, in view of better suggestions. D.Lazard (talk) 15:10, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * We could merge it into Gilbert Strang; I gather that it's part of the way he teaches linear algebra, and introductory texts on linear algebra are a big part of what he's known for. XOR'easter (talk) 15:46, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I would have expected something with this name to be the theorem that every vector space has a basis, but we don't have a separate article on that; instead it's buried deeply within Basis (linear algebra). Should it be a standalone article? And if so, what should it be called? In any case, what's left here is something only about finite-dimensional vector spaces, important but not fundamental to all of linear algebra. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:33, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

 * I agree with the points above. In particular, the term "fundamental theorem" does not seem widely established, and this theorem is barely more than rank-nullity, which is an established name.
 * Further, many linear algebra books have catch-all theorems summarizing how basis, span, linear independence, rows, columns, determinant, etc. all relate to each other, and the "fundamental theorem" as stated here leaves out several of those sub-theorems. Finally, it's arguably POV to state a result about matrices as fundamental to linear algebra, rather than a result about vector spaces or linear transformations. And it's arguably POV to bring up inner products in the guise of transposes.
 * So I vote that this article can be merged into Rank-nullity theorem, Basis (linear algebra), etc. Mgnbar (talk) 18:44, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

As there is a clear consensus that "Fundamental theorem of linear algebra" is not a widely established name, I have removed all incoming links, and retargeted to Kernel (linear algebra). So the article is now an orphan. D.Lazard (talk) 10:43, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

 * My impression is that the article suffers from the notability requirement; the notability, not of the mathematical facts but of the name. So, after merging content to the other aritlces, as needed, I think the article should be deleted; perhaps deletion by a redirect. -- Taku (talk) 21:37, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

So that beautiful image is gone.-.- file:The_four_subspaces.svg — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.99.107.132 (talk) 11:56, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * "Beautiful" is a valuable point of view that I do not share. In any case, this image is highly confusing, as the lozenges are not explained, and the inclusions between spaces are not indicated. D.Lazard (talk) 12:52, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

 * I understand that it wasn't explained clearly, but is it mathematically correct? If someone were to provide further explanation, could it be readded? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.99.107.132 (talk) 18:43, 3 April 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion
Merge and delete: it is silly to have an article for Strang's personal foible. I agree with Mgnbar and David Eppstein. Zaslav (talk) 03:45, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Looking at Rank-nullity theorem, it seems this article has nothing essential. The cokernel property should be added to Rank-nullity theorem if worth stating.  I am proposing deletion.  Zaslav (talk) 04:13, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't think deletion makes any sense, but a merge and redirect seems sensible. --JBL (talk) 21:02, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok, I have done a partial merge, I will turn this into a redirect. --JBL (talk) 23:59, 19 April 2023 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goran Svilanovic

Goran Svilanovic
 Goran Svilanovic - needs translation to English or to be moved to the appropriate language. -- Chessphoon 22:24, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Is the language Serbian? It looks like a copyright violation of this atricle -- DanBlackham 01:17, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * It's a copy, but I don't think it's a copyvio. He's a political figure -- a quick google shows him prominent in the Civic Alliance; we mention him in Politics of Yugoslavia -- and there is no claim of copyright anywhere on the site. It looks like it's all intended as press-release stuff and I imagine he'd be glad for anyone to copy it. Still, it should be duly credited if used. I don't read Serbian well enough to make much of a judgment as to whether his CV itself is encyclopedia-worthy, but we probably should want an article on him. -- Jmabel 06:00, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

Regrettably, no one has seen fit to translate this. Offer to Serbian wikipedia? Can't see anything else useful to do. And then delete -- Jmabel 07:14, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete if it remains untranslated.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:04, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: If untranslated by the one month mark. Geogre 18:07, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Completely rewritten in English and completely keep. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:45, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:NEWater

Pharmaceutical Residue Contamination
Where does the NEWater process stand in its ability (or lack thereof) to remove pharmaceutical residues of the sort which have now been found in many U S sources of potable water ? . —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.63.237.3 (talk) 03:48, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

The NEWater process uses reverse osmosis, which is a proven technique that rejects pharmaceutical residues.Colin Matthew Chan (talk) 03:34, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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"Water Management Issues in Singapore" - The URL is no longer available
Just today, I visit the "Water Management Issues in Singapore" URL and found out that it has a 404 Error Page Not Found message. Can someone please update the URL to reflect a newer, working URL, or at least link to a working version of the same article? 155.69.229.3 (talk) 04:07, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:NEWater


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User talk:Bennyh

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Hadal 07:19, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bennyh


text:
New Zealand Service Rifle Association

The New Zealand Service Rifle Association (NZSRA) is the national organising body for service rifle competition in New Zealand. NZSRA promotes service rifle shooting, sets rules for service rifle competition, holds annual national championships, and supports the ownership of service rifles.

History
People have been shooting military rifles at targets for at least 150 years. Much of this activity ended up as the strictly deliberate target shooting of the NRA. Those who wanted to shoot authentically configured military rifles at targets but with more action than NRA shooting initiated Service Rifle shooting. Several clubs round NZ were doing this in an uncoordinated way. In late 1997, the International Military Arms Society Inc, based in Auckland and Wellington Service Rifle Association formed the New Zealand Service Rifle Association Inc. A joint set of rules and matches was written and called the Service Match Code, now in its fourth edition. Currently the main clubs running exclusively Service Rifle matches are Wellington Service Rifle Association Inc (WSRA) and Auckland Service Rifle Association Inc (ASRA). Other clubs (BOPSRA, Waikato Rifle, Bruce Rifle Club, Canterbury group) also run SR matches as part of their overall programme.

Service Match Code
The Service Match Code (SMC v 4.0) sets out the rules for service rifle competition. The latest version can be downloaded from the NZSRA website.

Member clubs
The following clubs are members of the NZSRA:

 * Auckland Service Rifle Association (ASRA).
 * Wellington Service Rifle Association (WSRA).
 * Central North Island Gun Club Association (CNIGC).

Memberships
NZSRA is a member of the Council of Licensed Firearms Owners (COLFO).

title: New Zealand Service Rifle Association


text:
Talk:Duck, You Sucker!

RE: "Restoration"
This section contains a reference to Sony "purchasing" MGM. That has never happened. MGM licensed their catalog to Sony around that time for DVD distribution in the US (that agreement has since lapsed, and 20th Century Fox currently distributes MGM's DVD's). If a purchase of MGM by Sony has happened, the author of this section needs to cite a reference or the sentence will be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Srxt81 (talk • contribs) 22:50, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
from VfD:

 * A Fistful of Dynamite, in Portuguese, reads like a film review. -- Jmabel 06:04, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * I translated a little, skimmed the rest; not very encyclopedic; it's been over 2 weeks and no one's taken up the translation. Worthy topic, useless article. Delete.
 * Change to a stub - i.e. just keep the first line "A Fistful of Dynamite is a film by Sergio Leone." --Jll 11:46, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. Is this a notable film? Most films on Wikipedia don't deserve to be, but I don't know enough on Portugese culture to know if this is actually notable. --Improv 18:42, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd say anything by Leone is notable. The question is whether this is more useful than nothing. -- Jmabel 03:21, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and translate/cleanup or stubbify. Not Sergio Leone's most famous film, but still, it's Sergio Leone.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:03, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree w/ Gwalla — siro  χ  o  22:57, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable film. --Viriditas 08:09, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and cut it down to a stub. Though it is not The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly or Once Upon a Time in the West, perhaps something about its general unpopularity can be found. Ian Pugh 20:01, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Cabalamat 21:32, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Technical details
I specially watched that particular scene again. The governor was shot with a Browning HP. Although they bear a resemblance, Browning HP and Colt M1911 are not identical. Being a handgun afficionado, I know very well how these models look, and I could not mistake a M1911 for a Browning HP. Or an Obregon. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fillosaurus (talk • contribs) 12:30, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Point taken. I looked very closely-it sure looks like a BHP, but the barrel bushing is missing--perhaps a prop gun? Also, an Astra is used by John in the final scenes/DVD cover. It was unavailable until the '20's, also. The Star, or Obregon (Mexican Copy) is held by the second policeman in the train scene, after Juan tabs the first cop. Leone deliberately used the MG42 in the bridge scene to add Nazi symbolism-- and, the Nazi-like Col. Günther Ruiz. (Ruse?)  These  symbolisms of the Nazi occupation  of Italy in WWII, including the massacre in the pits, was lauded by Italian audiences at its debut in Rome (but confusing to Americans-!)He often tried for authenticity, it only cost him a "Few dollars more"...68.231.185.24 (talk) 00:48, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

I would like to know who and why deleted my commentaries about anachronisms and guns used in this movie. I think they were relevant and straight to the point. added by Fillosaurus (talk •

I've had trouble with the Edit function--maybe you accidentally did it yourself. I agree--all opinions are valuable. Perhaps we should talk guns over eMail. Also, the trains Leone used were obviously European. John's bike was a 1928 Harley model W (45 cu. inch.) with added with fenders, tanks, acetylene headlamp, etc. Not exactly 1913, but a lot faster. And, probably the oldest running American bike he could borrow in Spain and then shoot-up. The 'cycle used later, in Juan's escape from the firing squad, is supposed to be German. It Could have been a BMW,  Zundapp, DKW, or several other makes that existed in 1913.68.231.185.24 (talk) 00:48, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

About the Guns used: http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dynamite70.162.46.94 (talk) 19:05, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

New plot summary
Very good work done by Fillosaurus. It had been a pass time to try to get a better plot summary, but my work wasn't that notable. Thanks! MwNNrules It may be that those who do most, dream most. 03:29, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Giu la testa 01.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:07, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Sean's Flashback Bar Scene
Did this scene take place in Ireland, as in the article, or in London? The two police officers accompanying Sean's friend are dressed as English "bobbies", I do not know if these type of uniforms were used in Ireland during the Troubles. I suspect that Sean was part of an IRA cell that conducted a series of bombing campaigns in London... hence I think the flashback was to London, not Ireland. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.34.162 (talk) 02:59, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

His name is John. It is seen in the newspaper clipping. Sean Nolan (played by David Warbeck, who was in the running for the next James Bond-!) is John's friend, who was tortured into betraying him. John shoots him. Why the music seems to go on and on: "Sean, Sean" is unclear. It could be "John"; with Italian opera singers, it's hard to tell. Sean is Gaelic (pr.:"Gallic")for John, anyway. You should get the two DVD set, it explains a lot of the location shooting and is only $13. Ref: Wiki, "David Warbeck"; the two- volume DVD of DYS, DYS by James Lewis

This was actually filmed in Dolan's Pub in Dublin. This is noted in the special features part of the DVD. (Leone declared "Drinks are on me!", and no filming got done for 4 hours-!) There are soldiers, supposedly  to be the "Black-and-Tan" Corps, and one bobbie (who were actually  there in 1913 Ireland-beats me if uniform accurate.)  But here are two more breaks in continuity, anachronisms--probably to simplify and give the audience a better "hold" on the movie: There were no B & T until 1919; no  or IRA until 1917. John would have to be Sinn Fein (pr." Shinn Fenn")or IRB or some splinter group. It was timed just right, though, for some IRA bombing in Londonderry or Belfast, I believe, in 1972, when I first saw it. The whole audience gave a sort of an exasperated sigh. And, I had a neighbor named Villega. Twice in One Movie? 184.99.183.144 (talk) 21:17, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

Analysis
Does the film really "delve[s] deep into the class differences that shaped Mexico during its bloody revolution."? For sure it sides with the revolutionaries, but I dont think it shows much of mexico or what life in mexico was like at the time, which must be an extremely important part of "delving" into the class differences. it is an action movie with if not a political agenda then at least with clear values and sympathies, but it is pretty bad as a documentary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.231.250.215 (talk) 01:34, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Title
Everybody seems to think that the title was A Fistful of Dynamite. I have to admit that it's a cooler title then Duck, You Sucker, but why not use that title. I'm pretty sure that it was known as Duck You Sucker in it's theatrical run, and no one has cited that it was called A Fistful of Dynamite at any point, except as a nickname. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MwNNrules (talk • contribs) 02:48, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree, if no one objects I will move the article to Duck You Sucker in a few days. --NEMT (talk) 14:42, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Good to see evidence of something getting done. I'm not objecting, and I've been examing every new edit for a while now. I can't think of anyone in specific to contact... so no one's stopping you. MwNNrules (talk) 00:41, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Moving article to Duck, You Sucker!

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was moved to Duck, You Sucker! Aervanath (talk) 13:18, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

Well established fact this was the film's title during its theatrical run in the anglophone world. It's also the title of the region 1 DVD. It's also listed as the US title on IMDB, with A Fistful of Dynamite listed as an alternate title. 03:34, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

As per discussion here: Well established fact this was the film's title during its theatrical run in the anglophone world. It's also the title of the region 1 DVD. It's also listed as the US title on IMDB, with A Fistful of Dynamite listed as an alternate title.
 * Support, reasons stated above. --NEMT (talk) 06:46, 31 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, TCM and AMC list the movie as Duck, You Sucker in their programming. --NEMT (talk) 17:23, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose, no reason to promote a retconned name that is no longer considered the principle name by most. Even moving it to Giu' la testa would be preferable. --Kaizer13 (talk) 00:45, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
 * There's evidence given here that the proposed name is considered the standard name in some circles. Do you have evidence to support your claim that it is not? Dekimasu よ! 09:50, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Support, reasons stated above. —Eclipsed Moon (talk) 11:37, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

IRA + Film
When the motorbike is unpacked an IRA flag, or piece of cloth with IRA stitched on it, is uncovered. This is impossible, as the film is set in the 1913 Mexican Revolution, whereas the IRA was only formed in 1917. (correction: 1919) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.92.58.216 (talk) 22:19, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually the use of the term 'Irish Republican Army' dates back to Fenian days in the late 19th Century. There's even an image of a similar flag used in the Fenian Raids. Jmccormac (talk) 14:34, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

IRB first, the Sinn Fein, then IRA. Leone used it so audiences could get a 1970's grip on it. Even though Wiki admits to previous use of probably only the spoken words--most Irish were illiterate in the 18th and early 19th century, read the history  of the Black Hand--the official I.R.A. wasn't until 1917: "The first known use of the term 'Irish Republican Army' occurred in the Fenian raids on many British landmarks, towns, and forts in the late 1700s and 1860s.[1] The original Irish Republican Army formed in 1917 from those Irish Volunteers who refused to enlist in the British Army during World War I, members of the Irish Citizen Army and others.[citation needed] During the Irish War of Independence it was the army of the Irish Republic"

This dates it to 1860's at latest, unofficially; not late 19th century. No one called themselves IRA, at least in record, from the 1860's until 1919.

This is a moot point, there's no way Leone could have know any: "IRA" existed  previous to 1917. We must go on the director's intentions; again, so audiences' could get a 1970's grip on the character.

Ref: A Fistful of Leone website, History of The Troubles, Michael Collins biography, 1916and 1921 by Morgan Llewellen, Wiki: IRA.174.18.47.151 (talk) 17:16, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

Trilogy reference
I believe the reference to Duck, You Sucker! being "the second part of a trilogy of epic Leone films including the previous Once Upon a Time in the West and the subsequent Once Upon a Time in America," is misleading or incorrect. There is no connection whatsoever between the story arc and settings of the three above mentioned films, apart from the director and some of the cast. This information is referenced by IMDB, or any other online or published aggregator of movie information and reference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Latriplette (talk • contribs) 21:26, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Films don't have to have parts of the same setting to be considered parts of the same trilogy. In fact, referring it to as a trilogy in this instance just means "3 of Sergio Leone's films". MisterShiney    ✉    21:36, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

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Name confusion
Is the character played by Antoine Saint-John called 'Colonel Günther Reza' or 'Colonel Günther Ruiz'? He is called the former in this article's 'Plot' section but the latter in the 'Cast' section. Meanwhile (to add to the confusion), IMDB lists the character as 'Gutierez/Col. Günther Reza'. In the film's dialogue, it certainly sounds as if they are saying, 'Ruiz'. 2.31.195.147 (talk) 11:02, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

I propose changing the page name to A Fistful of Dynamite.
A Fistful of Dynamite is by far the more common title of this film in English speaking countries. The vast majority of releases in the west use this title and it's actually quite difficult to find a release with Duck, You Sucker! as the title. My logic is that people who purchase or hear about the film and want to find the subsequent Wikipedia page may have trouble finding it as the Wikipedia page uses the far lesser known title of the film which is no longer used in English releases. By all means a note can be added in the article summary stating it's not the original title but it is the current title. Something along the lines of "Originally released as Duck, You Sucker!." JugulatorJJ (talk) 17:50, 28 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Please set up a proper proposal using the WP:RM process. Thanks. Obviously it already redirects here. Johnbod (talk) 17:58, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duck, You Sucker!


text:
Mitsubishi J2M

The Mitsubishi J2M Raiden (雷電, "Lightning Bolt") is a single-engined land-based fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allied reporting name was "Jack".

Design and development
The J2M was designed by Jiro Horikoshi, creator of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero, to meet the 14-Shi (14th year of the Showa reign, or 1939 in the Western calendar) official specification. It was to be a strictly local-defense interceptor, intended to counter the threat of high-altitude bomber raids, and thus relied on speed, climb performance, and armament at the expense of manoeuvrability. The J2M was a sleek, but stubby craft with its oversized Mitsubishi Kasei engine buried behind a long cowling, cooled by an intake fan and connected to the propeller with an extension shaft.

Teething development problems stemming from the engine cooling system, and the main undercarriage members led to a slowdown in production. A continual set of modifications resulted in new variants being introduced with the ultimate high-altitude variant, the J2M4 Model 34 flying for the first time in August 1944. It had a 1,420 hp Kasei 23c engine equipped with a turbocharger (mounted in the side of the fuselage just behind the engine) that allowed the rated power to be maintained up to 9100 m. Two upward-aimed, oblique-firing (aimed at seventy degrees) 20 mm cannons, mounted in the German Schräge Musik style, were fitted behind the cockpit with the four wing cannons retained. Unresolved difficulties with the turbocharger caused the project to be terminated after only two experimental J2M4s were built.

Operational history

The first few produced J2M2s were delivered to the development units in December 1942 but severe problems were encountered with the engines. Trials and improvements took almost a year and the first batch of the serial built J2M2 Model 11 was delivered to 381st Kōkūtai in December 1943. Parallel with the J2M2, production of the J2M3 Raiden Model 21 started. The first J2M3s appeared in October 1943 but deliveries to combat units started at the beginning of February 1944.

The Raiden made its combat debut in June 1944 during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Several J2Ms operated from Guam and Saipan and a small number of aircraft were deployed to the Philippines. Later, some J2Ms were based in Japanese airfields in Korea under Genzan Ku: Genzan (Wonsan); Ranan (Nanam); Funei (Nuren); Rashin (Najin); and Konan, for defense of these areas and fighting against Soviet Naval Aviation units.

Primarily designed to defend against the Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bomber, the type was handicapped at high altitude by the lack of a turbocharger. However, its four-cannon armament supplied effective firepower and the use of dive and zoom tactics allowed it to score occasionally.

Insufficient numbers and the American switch to night bombing in March 1945 limited its effectiveness.

J2Ms took part in one of the final aerial combats of the Second World War when four Raidens, accompanied by eight Mitsubishi A6M Zeros, all belonging to the 302nd Kokutai, intercepted a formation of US Navy Grumman F6F Hellcats from the aircraft-carrier USS Yorktown during the morning of 15 August 1945 over the Kanto Plain. In the engagement, that took place only two hours before Japan officially announced its surrender, four Hellcats were lost along with two Raidens and two Zeros.

U.S. Technical Air Intelligence Command (TAIC) tested two captured J2Ms using 92 octane fuel plus methanol and calculated maximum speeds using measurements. The J2M2 ("Jack 11") achieved a speed of 407 mph at 17,400 ft, and the J2M3 ("Jack 21") achieved a speed of 671 km/h (417 mph) at 4,980 m (16,600 ft).

Variants

 * J2M1 Prototype: fitted with the 1,044 kW (1,400 hp) Mitsubishi MK4C Kasei 13 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, and armed with two 7.7 mm (.303 in) Type 97 machine guns in the upper fuselage and two wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon. - Eight built.
 * J2M2 Model 11: Powered by 1,379 kW (1,850 hp) Mitsubishi MK4R-A Kasei 23a 14-cylinder radial engine, same armament as the J2M1.
 * J2M3 Model 21: Armed with two wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon and two wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model I cannon.
 * J2M3a Model 21A: Armed with four wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon.
 * J2M4 Model 32: Prototype fitted with the 1,357 kW (1,820 hp) Mitsubishi MK4R-C Kasei 23c engine. Many armament configurations have been reported, e.g., fuselage-mounted oblique-firing 20 mm Type 99 Model I cannon designed to fire upward as it passed underneath a bomber, two wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon, and two wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model I cannon. Problems with turbocharger; only two experimental versions were built.
 * J2M5 Model 33: High altitude variant powered by 1,357 kW (1,820 hp) Mitsubishi MK4U-A Kasei 26a engine with mechanically driven supercharger, giving increased high-altitude speed at the expense of range. Two 20 mm Type 99 cannon in fuselage, two 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon in wings.
 * J2M5a Model 33A: Armed with four wing-mounted 20 mm Type 99 Model II cannon. Wing cannon were harmonized in trajectory and ballistics with each having 200 rounds per gun.
 * J2M6 Model 31: Chronologically earlier than J2M4 and J2M5 this version was based on J2M3. Had wider cockpit and improved bubble canopy later used in J2M3 built since July 1943.
 * J2M6a Model 31A: Chronologically earlier than J2M4 and J2M5 this version was based on J2M3a. Had wider cockpit and improved bubble canopy later used in J2M3a built since July 1943. One J2M6a was built.
 * J2M7 Model 23A: J2M3 powered by Kasei 26a engine, a few built.
 * J2M7a Model 23A: J2M3a powered by Kasei 26a engine, a few built.

Production
After the decisive Battle of Midway in 1942 Japan's military leaders rushed to re-equip their forces for defense of the home islands. In fighter designs the interceptor role now took priority over forward projection of offensive power. Allied forces, meanwhile, sought to establish air superiority over Japanese-held territories via B-29 bombing raids on industrial targets.

The struggle to meet production demands sparked a Japanese initiative to recruit shonenko (child labour) from Taiwan (Formosa). Though the target of 25,000 youths was never reached, over 8,400 Taiwanese youths aged 12 to 14 relocated to Mitsubishi plants to help build the J2M Raiden.

The Allied advance took its toll. In 1945 aircraft production in Japan collapsed, as numbers for the J2M reflect.

Allied bombing raids of Nagoya began in December 1944 and progressively disrupted production of the J2M. A direct hit on the Mitsubishi Dai San Kokuki Seisakusho aircraft plant caused the complete loss of airframes, machine tools, and jigs. This halted further production.

Production generally suffered less from direct hits on factories, which were rare, but from attacks on suppliers and consequent shortages of material and construction tools.

Operators

 * Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
 * Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Surviving aircraft

J2M3 Model 21 c/n 3014 is on display at the Planes of Fame museum in Chino, California.

title: Mitsubishi J2M


text:
Tetiꞌaroa

Tetiaroa (French: Tetiaroa) is an atoll in the Windward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territorial collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. Once the vacation spot for Tahitian royalty, the islets are under a 99-year lease contracted by Marlon Brando, and are home to The Brando Resort.

Geography
Tetiaroa is administratively part of the commune of Arue, whose main part is in the northeastern part of Tahiti. The atoll is located 53 km north of Tahiti. The atoll has a total surface area of 6 km2; approximately 585 ha of sand divided by 12 motus (islets) with varying surface areas. The lagoon is approximately 7 km wide and 30 m deep. The atoll has no reef opening, making access by boat nearly impossible.

The islets (or motus), in clockwise order starting from the southwest corner, include: Onetahi (with regulated airstrip and site of The Brando Resort), Honuea, Tiaruanu, Motu Tauvini (Tauini), Motu Ahurea (Auroa), Hiraanae, Horoatera (Oroatera), Motu 'Ā'ie, Tahuna Iti, Tahuna Rahi, Reiono, Motu One (emerging sandbank) and Rimatu'u (with an ornithology reserve).

Climate
Tetiꞌaroa has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature in Tetiꞌaroa is 26.3 C. The average annual rainfall is 1883.1 mm with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in March, at around 27.3 C, and lowest in August, at around 24.9 C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Tetiꞌaroa was 35.5 C on 20 March 1995; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 14.5 C on 25 July 1987.

Early years
The atoll of Tetiaroa was a special place for the Tahitian chiefs, as a place to entertain themselves with song, dance, fishing and feasting. It was also a special place for the ariori to practice their custom of ha'apori'a. This custom included eating to gain weight, and staying out of the sun to whiten their skin. Plump and pale was a sign of "well-being and prosperity" for the ariori and chiefs. Tetiaroa was controlled by the chiefs of Pare-'Arue, and later, by members of the Pōmare Dynasty.

In 1789, William Bligh is said to have been the first European to visit the atoll while looking for early mutineers prior to the departure of HMS Bounty which eventually suffered a full mutiny. The United States Exploring Expedition visited the island on 10 September 1839.

Williams and Brando
In 1904, the royal family sold Tetiaroa to Johnston Walter Williams, a Canadian national and the only dentist in Tahiti. Williams later became Consul of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1935. Williams managed Tetiaroa as a residence and a copra plantation.

In 1960, Marlon Brando "discovered" Tetiaroa while scouting filming locations for Mutiny on the Bounty, which was shot on Tahiti and neighboring Mo'orea. After filming was completed, Brando hired a local fisherman to ferry him to Tetiaroa. It was "more gorgeous than anything I had anticipated," he marveled in his 1994 autobiography Songs My Mother Taught Me. Brando eventually purchased Tetiaroa's islets (motus) from one of Williams's direct descendants, Mrs. (Madame) Duran. Williams and his wife are buried on Motu Rimatuu. Brando decided on the purchase in 1966, having to endure political interference and local resistance to secure the atoll, reef and lagoon, all of which is now the property of French Polynesia. Many important archaeological sites have been located, identified, and studied on Tetiaroa. Thus, the historical significance of Tetiaroa to the people (and the government) of French Polynesia continues to make future development questionable at best.

Wanting to live on the atoll, Brando built a small village on Motu Onetahi in 1970. It consisted of an airstrip to arrive without breaching the reef, 12 simple bungalows, a kitchen hut, dining hall and bar, all built from local materials: coconut wood, thatch roofs and even large sea shells for sinks. The village became a place for friends, family and researchers studying the atoll's ecology and archaeology. Over the years, Brando spent as much time on the atoll as he could, and valued it as a getaway from his hectic life in Hollywood. Although, ultimately, he didn't spend as much time there as he'd wished to, it is said that he always cherished his moments on Tetiaroa. During his stays on the island, he was often visited by his children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Upon his death, Brando's son Teihotu lived on the island for some time. Eventually the village became a modest hotel managed by his Tahitian wife, Tarita Teriipaia, who had played his on-screen love in Mutiny on the Bounty. The hotel operated for more than 25 years, even after Brando had to leave French Polynesia to return to Los Angeles. Many hotel guests, arriving with higher expectations, lamented the lack of amenities normally found at an island "resort".

In 1980, the maxi yacht SY Condor of Bermuda ran aground on the Onetahi reef, which caused it to be shipwrecked and written off by insurers. Purportedly, Brando and the owner of the yacht engaged in a brief bidding-war over rights to the vessel's polished mahogany hull (as reported by the owner in the New Zealand yachting magazine Sail, in 1981), which Brando (allegedly) wanted to use as a bar at a new resort he planned to build on the island. The yacht was salvaged, and sent to New Zealand for repair. In 2002, two years before the actor's death, Brando signed a new will and trust agreement that left no instructions for Tetiaroa. Following his death in 2004, the Tetiaroa Village Hotel was closed and the staff evicted from the atoll. The atoll was closed to tourism. In August 2004, French Polynesian vice-president Hiro Tefaarerea advocated for the atoll to be declared a nature reserve to prevent development. Eventually, executors of the estate granted development rights to Pacific Beachcomber SC, a Tahitian company that owns hotels throughout French Polynesia. The Brando Resort was opened in July 2014.

Flora and fauna
The island provides habitat for the following seabird species: Brown booby, red-footed booby, great crested tern, white tern, great frigatebird, lesser frigatebird, brown noddy, black noddy, sooty tern, and the grey-backed or spectacled tern. Shore and terrestrial birds include the Pacific reef egret, Pacific golden plover, wandering tattler, Pacific long-tailed cuckoo, and the bristle-thighed curlew.

Teti’aroa hosts five of the seven marine species of turtle, namely the Hawksbill turtle, green turtle, leatherback turtle, olive Ridley turtle, and loggerhead turtle.

Teti’aroa hosts numerous marine mammals, including the humpback whale, short-finned pilot whale, rough-toothed dolphin, spinner dolphin, Risso's dolphin, melon-headed whale, Blainville's beaked whale, Cuvier's beaked whale, and even some migrating pods of orca.

Numerous bony fishes, sharks, and rays are also present.

Plants include the fish-poison tree, Pacific ironwood, Alexandrian laurel, coconut palm, island walnut, dye fig, beach gardenia, beach heliotrope, lantern tree, breadfruit, lime tree, sea lettuce, and vanilla orchids, amongst others.

Conservation and restoration
The presence of two invasive rat species significantly impacted the native vegetation, nesting seabird populations, sea turtle hatchlings, and land crabs. The Teti’aroa Society, Island Conservation, and the Brando Resort (among other partners) initiated an invasive rat-eradication project in the summer of 2022. After repeated pandemic-related disruptions, the operation took place over June and July 2022, covering 520 hectares of land and requiring more than 60 members of staff, plus volunteers. The hope is that this project will restore the terrestrial ecosystems, protect endangered native birds and turtles, and enhance the resilience of surrounding coral reefs, making them more resistant to climate change. Additional benefits may be ensuring food security for the local population, as well as eliminating reservoirs and vectors for human disease. In time, the atoll could become a translocation habitat for the Polynesian ground dove and the Tuamotu sandpiper. The next phase of the restoration program will be extensive research and monitoring, to record the subsequent benefits to the terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Airport
Tetiaroa Airport is an airport on the atoll. The airport is served by Air Tetiaroa, a charter airline who primarily operate flights for guests of the Brando Resort to Faa'a International Airport. The airport currently has no scheduled commercial service.

title: Tetiꞌaroa


text:
Talk:Government-in-exile

This one was in micronations but belongs here

 * In Germany, several individuals and groups—collectively labeled Kommissarische Reichsregierungen (KRR)—assert that the German Empire continues to exist in its pre-World War II borders and that they are its government, or government-in-exile.

 * Absolutely rubbish. 2001:8003:9100:2C01:A930:5222:D33C:40F4 (talk) 01:55, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

CRPH Myanmar
Why it is not exist on the list while widely recognized as the civilian government-in-exile? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_Representing_Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw

Sikkim government-in-exile
The Kingdom of Sikkim government-in-exile should be added to this page.

 * SUPPORT Absolutely agree. The Himalayan country has been occupied by India for 49 years now. 2001:8003:9100:2C01:A930:5222:D33C:40F4 (talk) 01:52, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Rights of government-in-exile
From information available on US Legal, it listed all the rights of a government-in-exile. I added a section called "Rights" to expand it.

AndyTheGrump wɔːr (talk) 14:08, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

 * The 'US Legal' website you linked is a generalist commercial website for US law, offering advice to consumers, rather than the sort of peer-reviewed academic source we'd need to make general assertions regarding any 'rights' under international law for governments-in-exile. The page you link is nothing but a confusingly-worded attempt at a definition. It is clearly not a reliable source for the content you added. None of the remaining sources were of any relevance whatsoever, given that they merely documented that certain governments-in-exile (self-described or otherwise), were doing certain things - not that international law afforded such actions any specific legitimacy etc. They cannot be cited for assertions about international law.

 * Frankly, I think that any attempt to create a section on the supposed 'rights' of governments-in-exile in general is inherently flawed. No such generalist 'rights' can possibly exist, given that more or less anyone can call themselves a 'government-in-exile'. In as much as a specific body acquires 'rights', it will do so as a result of specific recognition, by legitimate sovereign states, or by intergovernmental organisations, for that particular body. AndyTheGrump (talk) 15:07, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Interesting to see your points.I wish to know how your arrived that US Law is just commercial website. For the single fact that government-in-exile means government-in-exile, it's not always the case they are recognised by any international law. wɔːr (talk) 16:18, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Re commercial website, see and . As for your comment about recognition, that is precisely why general 'rights' for bodies described as 'governments-in-exile' cannot exist. AndyTheGrump (talk) 16:32, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Wow, I am amazed at your level of research. This means the section have to be generally reformed avoiding the use of assertions of international law or whatsoever like "According to international law..." to qualify government-in-exile. Maybe we have to use Historically..." or "According to historical events..." to qualify whatever we are going to write. Start up something or should I? wɔːr (talk) 16:59, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Until you have found appropriate sources, there is nothing to write. AndyTheGrump (talk) 17:10, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Searching the internet and you can as well help in the search. wɔːr (talk) 10:14, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Government-in-exile


text:
User:Thesteve/archive1

Hello there Thesteve, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. BTW, thanks for starting the Jonathan Frakes article. Cheers! --maveric149

 * Steve, you user page is to tell about yourself, you're not supposed to do that in an article. Jeronimo

 * I must respectfully disagree. I think that everyone is deserving of article status.  When do you reach the point of fame when you make that jump from "just a user" to "article status"?  I think everyone deserves to be able to write an article about themselves.  However, I will consult the village pump before trying again.  Stephen

 * No this is an encyclopedia, not a home page repository. See What Wikipedia is not number 13. In an encyclopedia only people of encyclopedic interest deserve articles. --mav

 * Hey, thanks. I think What Wikipedia is not number 15 is closer to the mark :-).  I went to the Village Pump first because that link isn't in the FAQ or help files.  I was just being bold, but I'm okay now.  Stephen

title: User:Thesteve/archive1


text:
Robert W. Bly

Robert W. Bly (born July 21, 1957) is an American writer on the subjects of copywriting, freelance writing, and many other subjects from science and science fiction, to satire and small business. He is a copywriter.

Bly grew up in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. He got a degree in chemical engineering in 1979 at the University of Rochester, beginning his writing career with four intense years at the school's daily newspaper. When he graduated, he began as a corporate writer for Westinghouse Electric and then worked for a New York engineering firm for a few years. He published his first book in 1982, on technical writing. In 1985, at the age of 27, he published his tenth book, The Copywriter's Handbook.

Bly has worked as a freelance copywriter for the AARP, IBM, and Lucent Technologies, among others.

Bly has written more than 100 books including The Digital Marketing Handbook from Entrepreneur Press.

Bly also has an internet information marketing industry.

He lives in Montville, New Jersey

title: Robert W. Bly


text:
Kyle Beckerman

Kyle Robert Beckerman (born April 23, 1982) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a midfielder. He spent 21 seasons in Major League Soccer (MLS) with the Miami Fusion (2000–2001), Colorado Rapids (2002–2007) and Real Salt Lake (2007–2020). He was a starting central defensive midfielder and captain when RSL won MLS Cup 2009. He also earned 58 caps with the United States national team.

In 2021, Beckerman was named the head coach of the Utah Valley University men's soccer team, a Division I program in Orem, Utah.

Early life
Beckerman was born in Crofton, Maryland. His parents are Margaret "Meg" (née Lamade) Beckerman, a third grade teacher, and Paul Beckerman, a science teacher. His brother Todd is four years his senior and coaches the wrestling team at Brown University.

Personal life
On January 4, 2014, he married Kate Pappas, a Greek American account supervisor at Love Communications, at the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Cathedral in Salt Lake City.

Beckerman is known for his distinctive dreadlocks, which he started growing around 2005. In November 2017 Beckerman shaved off the majority of his hair in preparation for a new physical.

Early career
Beckerman began his career in various youth leagues in the Bowie, Maryland area. He played for the United States in the 1999 Under-17 World Cup in New Zealand. He attended DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland as a freshman, where he won a state wrestling title. He later transferred to and graduated from Arundel High School, and he signed a Nike Project-40 contract with MLS on June 27, 2000. Beckerman had been involved with the league for the previous few years, having been one of the inaugural students at the United States Soccer Federation's Bradenton Academy, which also featured Landon Donovan, DaMarcus Beasley, Oguchi Onyewu, and Bobby Convey.

Miami Fusion
Two days after he signed with the league, Miami Fusion claimed Beckerman. Beckerman hardly played in his first two years; he registered only 110 minutes in his first year and only 14 in his second after breaking his leg playing in the A-League. He went on loan with MLS Project 40 in 2000.

Colorado Rapids
After the Fusion were contracted at the end of the 2001 season, Beckerman was selected 11th overall in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft by the Colorado Rapids. In his first year with the Rapids, Beckerman again saw limited time, playing 477 minutes and registering one assist. In his second season, he finally broke through, starting 24 games, playing 2124 minutes, and registering five assists as a central midfielder. Beckerman performed at the same level in 2004, starting consistently. Beckerman remained a regular starter through the 2005 and 2006 seasons, playing an increasingly important role for the Rapids. He finished the 2006 season with seven goals and four assists, making him one of Colorado's top offensive players that year.

Real Salt Lake
On July 16, 2007, Beckerman was traded to Real Salt Lake for Mehdi Ballouchy. Despite joining the team mid-season, he quickly established himself as a team leader for RSL. He took over the captain's armband early in the 2008 season. He started all 38 matches for Salt Lake that year, helping the team reach the Western Conference Final (the club's first-ever playoff appearance). Also in 2008, he was named to the MLS All-Star Inactive List for the second consecutive season.

Beckerman continued as RSL's team captain throughout the 2009 season. During the year, he became the youngest player in MLS history to appear in 200 games. At mid-season, MLS Commissioner Don Garber added Beckerman and teammate Javier Morales to the roster for the 2009 MLS All-Star Game played July 29 at RSL's Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy, Utah. RSL struggled through an up-and-down regular season, finishing with a losing record (11–12–7) and barely qualifying for postseason play. But with Beckerman leading the way, the team completed a stunning sweep through the playoffs, capped with a shootout victory over Los Angeles Galaxy in the 2009 MLS Cup championship.

On October 17, 2015, Beckerman broke the record for all-time MLS regular season appearances by a field player, at 379.

Beckerman was named on December 9, 2020, to The 25 Greatest by Major League Soccer as part of the circuit's 25th season celebration. He announced his retirement as an active player twelve days later on December 21.

International career
Beckerman represented the United States on multiple levels of competition. He made his first international appearance in 1997 as a member of the U16 national team in a match against France. He made 40 appearances for the U17 national team, starting 36 times and scoring 15 goals. He started all six games in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship in New Zealand, helping the U.S. to a fourth-place finish in the tournament. He also played for the U23 national team in the 2004 Pre-Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Mexico.

Beckerman's first appearance for the senior national team came January 20, 2007 in a friendly match against Denmark. He was named to the U.S. roster for the 2007 Copa América in Venezuela, where he earned two caps: he entered as a reserve against Argentina, then played the full 90 minutes against Colombia. In July 2009, he was named to the U.S. roster for the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup. He started all six matches for the United States, helping his team to a second-place finish in the tournament. On July 18, 2009, he scored his first international goal in the quarterfinal match against Panama. On August 27, 2009, Beckerman was named to the national team roster for two World Cup qualifier matches: against El Salvador (September 5) and Trinidad & Tobago (September 9). He entered the match against El Salvador as a second-half substitute.

In August 2011, Beckerman re-joined the U.S. at the invitation of new coach Jürgen Klinsmann. He played all 90 minutes in a friendly match against Mexico (a 1–1 draw) on August 10, and was a halftime substitute in a 1–0 friendly loss against Belgium on September 6. Since that time, Beckerman has been a regular on the national team.

Throughout July 2013, Beckerman was called up for the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup alongside Real Salt Lake teammates Nick Rimando and Tony Beltran. Both Beckerman and Rimando started in five out of six games while Beltran started in only one match in home stadium Rio Tinto Stadium, where the trio played a full 90 minutes in front of their home crowd. Beckerman made three assists throughout the tournament until making to the final. On July 28, 2013, Beckerman played a full 90 minutes with Rimando to help secure the United States' 5th Gold Cup championship against Panama in a 1–0 victory. It was his first Gold Cup title as well as Rimando's and Beltran's. He was also named the game's Most Valuable Player.

On May 22, 2014, Beckerman was named to the final 23-man roster for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. The tournament was his first-ever World Cup appearance. He started as defensive midfielder in all three matches of the group stage, as the U.S. advanced out of the "Group of Death". Klinsmann elected to sit Beckerman in the Round of 16 match against Belgium; the Americans subsequently allowed 18 shots on goal in a 2–1 loss, which eliminated them from the World Cup.

Coaching career
On April 12, 2021, Beckerman was named head coach of the Utah Valley Wolverines men's soccer team.

International

 * Scores and results list the United States' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Beckerman goal.

Honors
Real Salt Lake
 * MLS Cup: 2009
 * Western Conference (Playoffs): 2013
 * Eastern Conference (Playoffs): 2009

'''United States
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2013; runner-up 2009

Individual
 * MLS All-Star: 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016
 * MLS All-Star Inactive List: 2007, 2008
 * MLS 400 Games Club

title: Kyle Beckerman


text:
The Advocate (Tasmania)

The Advocate is a local newspaper of North-West and Western Tasmania, Australia. It was formerly published under the names The Wellington Times, The Emu Bay Times, and The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times.

Its readership covers the North West Coast and West Coast of Tasmania, including towns such as Devonport, Burnie, Ulverstone, Penguin, Wynyard, Latrobe, and Smithton.

the newspaper is published by Australian Community Media, located at 39-41 Alexander Street, Burnie, Tasmania.

Early history
On Wednesday 1 October 1890 Robert Harris and his sons, Robert and Charles published the first issue of The Wellington Times, Burnie's first newspaper. It was named after the county in which Burnie and Emu Bay were located and was first published only on Wednesdays and Saturdays. With a circulation around 2000 its four broadsheet pages cost 1.5 d.

The original Burnie Wellington Times office in 1890 stood on a site in Cattley Street and employed a staff of 10. In 1892 The Wellington Times was made a tri-weekly, appearing on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and on 2 November 1897, the name was changed to The Emu Bay Times reflecting the area in which it was published. The success of the newspaper encouraged the proprietors to extend operations to Devonport and on 4 January 1899 the tri-weekly The North Western Advocate and Agricultural and Mining Gazette was produced.

The separate publication of the two newspapers lasted only 11 months by which time the Government Railway had reached Burnie and on 13 November 1899 the two publications amalgamated to become a daily newspaper, The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times. In 1902, new premises had been erected in Mount Street, at the present (2010) site and the staff had increased to 26. In the last decade of the 19th century, the North-West and West Coast were served by a number of daily publications - but by 1920 The Advocate was the sole survivor. The title was shortened to The Advocate in 1916.

In the 1950s The Advocate was one of the first daily newspapers in Australia to use colour in advertisements and in 1968 it was the first daily newspaper in Australia to publish on a Web-Offset press which today is the industry standard. Over the three years from 1993 to 1996, The Advocate embarked on a technology development programme that resulted in computer based full-page negative output on 1 October 1996.

Later developments
In 2004, The Advocate became the third largest regional daily of Rural Press thereby ending the involvement of the Harris family for the first time since inception. In 2008, Rural Press became part of Fairfax Media, Australia's largest integrated metropolitan, regional and rural print, online and digital media business in Australasia with The Advocate the only daily newspaper covering all areas of North West and Western Tasmania.

In 2009 all printing was centralised in Launceston, at a print facility run by The Examiner, a former rival publication that was owned by Fairfax Media, the then-owner of The Advocate. The press was dismantled and shipped off to a newspaper in New Zealand, where it was deployed at another newspaper owned by the Fairfax Media group.

The Advocate anniversary and celebratory editions regularly draw on the historical photographs of the newspaper.

Nine Entertainment briefly owned the newspaper after its $4-billion merger with Fairfax Media in July 2018. However, that changed when The Advocate along with 160 regional mastheads owned by Fairfax were purchased by media entrepreneur Anthony Catalano for $115 million, who owns Australian Community Media.

Ownership and leadership
the newspaper is published by Australian Community Media and located at 39-41 Alexander Street Burnie.

Anthony Haneveer was appointed editor in March 2022 following the departure of Luke Sayer. Haneveer previously served as the paper's deputy for four years. He replaced Luke Sayer, who was appointed editor in 2017.''

Notable staff

 * Kerry Pink OAM, a journalist of more than 40 years and local historian, author of And Wealth for Toil: A History of North-West and Western Tasmania 1825-1900 and other books.

title: The Advocate (Tasmania)


text:
User talk:Thesteve/archive1

Hello there Thesteve, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. BTW, thanks for starting the Jonathan Frakes article. Cheers! --maveric149 ho is this person? Information needs to be given why this person should be included in an encyclopedia. --mav

 * Never mind - this looks like user page info. This page needs to be deleted. --mav

 * Why? The Wikipedia defines encyclopedia as "a written compendium of human knowledge", and my autobiography qualifies as such.  If I'm willing to put stuff about myself up there for all to see, what's the harm?  The only difference between myself and someone who "qualifies" for an encyclopedia entry is fame, a fleeting and hard-to-define sort of thing.  Why should you have to do something of note to be included in an *open source* encyclopedia?  My desire to have an autobiographical article should be enough to justify such an article.  Stephen

 * Perhaps we could sneak you into List of raving egomaniacs. --Brion 09:03 Sep 20, 2002 (UTC)

 * That would be nice :-) --Stephen

 * Steve, you user page is to tell about yourself, you're not supposed to do that in an article. Jeronimo

 * I must respectfully disagree. I think that everyone is deserving of article status.  When do you reach the point of fame when you make that jump from "just a user" to "article status"?  I think everyone deserves to be able to write an article about themselves.  However, I will consult the village pump before trying again.  Stephen

 * No this is an encyclopedia, not a home page repository. See What Wikipedia is not number 13. In an encyclopedia only people of encyclopedic interest deserve articles. --mav

 * Hey, thanks. I think What Wikipedia is not number 15 is closer to the mark :-).  I went to the Village Pump first because that link isn't in the FAQ or help files.  I was just being bold, but I'm okay now.  Stephen

Hi, I checked the version before of the article off jazz, and it seems to me that the last version derek erased was not copyrighted, at least I coulnd't find a good match with google. Earlier version had copyright problems, but not the latests. No idea what was really the problem. Product placement sounds like Derek believed he was one of the members of the band, and was selfpromoting himself. Even if that's the case, I'm not sure it is grounds for deletion.--AN

title: User talk:Thesteve/archive1


text:
Gilberto Flores

Gilberto Flores (born July 5, 1983 in Toledo, Brazil) is a Brazilian former soccer midfielder.

Gilberto Flores was signed by the MetroStars from Brazilian club Ginásio Pinhalense de Esportes Atléticos after impressing in La Manga Cup in 2004. Flores has struggled to see playing time in his time with the MetroStars – although he has been relatively impressive in his brief playing time, he has struggled both with injuries that have kept him out much of the year, and with the difficult task of breaking into a very talented MetroStars midfield.

Injured in a game against the Revolution in 2004, Gilberto Flores could not recover his form and was released by the MetroStars in June 2005. He was picked up by the same New England team that he suffered his injury against, but was released by New England in November 2005 after appearing in just one match, in the US Open Cup.

title: Gilberto Flores