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Juice Newton

Juice Newton (born Judith Kay Newton; February 18, 1949) is an American pop and country singer, songwriter, and musician. Newton has received five Grammy Award nominations in the Pop and Country Best Female Vocalist categories –winning once in 1983 –as well as an ACM Award for Top New Female Artist and two consecutive Billboard Female Album Artist of the Year awards. Newton's other awards include a People's Choice Award for "Best Female Vocalist" and the Australian Music Media's "Number One International Country Artist".

Newton has several Gold and Platinum records to her credit, including Juice, Quiet Lies and her first Greatest Hits album. During the 1980s, she charted 14 top 10 hits across the Billboard Country, AC, and Hot 100 charts, with many of the recordings achieving crossover success and six of the songs hitting the No. 1 position.

Early years
Newton was born in Lakehurst, New Jersey, but graduated from First Colonial High School in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Her mother encouraged her interest in music, giving Newton a guitar for her 13th birthday. After high school graduation, Newton attended Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, California, where she also performed folk music in some local coffeehouses. She then formed a folk-rock band with guitarist and songwriter Otha Young, and toured bars in Northern California with her band.

Early music career
In the early 1970s, Newton, Otha Young and Tom Kealey formed a band that would eventually be called Juice Newton & Silver Spur, which was signed to RCA Records. The group released two albums for RCA, in 1975 and 1976, but scored only one charting country single with "Love Is a Word". The band was dropped by RCA, then joined Capitol Records in 1977. The band broke up shortly after releasing just one more album.

In late 1977, Newton went solo, continuing to record for Capitol, and until 1982 Silver Spur remained the name of her backing band. Newton also sang backing vocals for three tracks on Bob Welch's platinum solo debut album, including his hit "Ebony Eyes".

Near the end of 1977, "It's a Heartache" became Newton's first solo record and a major hit in Mexico, where it was eventually certified Gold, and in 1978, she released it in the United States. “It’s a Heartache” became the first of what would eventually be her 11 "Hot 100" pop hits. Also in 1978, The Carpenters' version of the Newton/Young-penned song "Sweet, Sweet Smile" reached the Top 10 on both the Country and Adult Contemporary charts, and #44 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 1978, Newton legally changed her name from "Judy Kay Newton" to "Juice Newton" ("Juice" having long been her nickname).

Newton's solo debut album Well Kept Secret was released later in 1978. Neither Well Kept Secret nor its sole single "Hey Baby" charted, but Capitol Records did renew Newton's contract. In 1979 Capitol's investment in Newton began to pay off as Newton had her first Top-40 Country hit with "Let's Keep It That Way" (another one-off single). Later that year, the album Take Heart featured five modestly-charting singles: "Until Tonight", "Any Way That You Want Me", "You Fill My Life", "Lay Back in the Arms of Someone", and "Sunshine". In 1980, "Sunshine" became Newton's second top-40 country chart single, "You Fill My Life" reached No. 41, and "Until Tonight" was No. 42. Both of Newton's initial solo efforts performed with modest success but failed to have lasting impacts on the album charts.

Early 1980s pop music success
In 1981, Newton's third solo album, simply titled Juice, was released. It spawned three consecutive Top-10 pop hits, namely "Angel of the Morning" (written by Chip Taylor), "Queen of Hearts", and an updated version of "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" (the original version had appeared on the Silver Spur debut album) earned Newton the first of several No. 1 Country chart singles. A fourth single "Ride 'Em Cowboy" from Juice was released in 1984 to support Newton's first Greatest Hits album, reaching the Billboard Country Top 40 chart.

In 1981, Newton's video for "Angel of the Morning" was the first country-music video to air on MTV, and the 40th video to air on the channel overall. Newton was the third female solo artist to be featured on MTV's first air date (after videos by Pat Benatar and Carly Simon).

Juice sold more than a million copies in the United States and went Triple-Platinum (300,000 copies) in Canada. "Angel of the Morning" and "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" each reached #1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, where Newton would chart regularly for the next several years. In 1982, Newton received two Grammy nominations for Best Female Vocalist: one for "Angel of the Morning" in the Pop category, and another for "Queen of Hearts" in Country.

These two singles became her biggest sellers in the United States, each earning an RIAA Gold certification. (Note: in 1981 and 1982, when these singles were certified, the RIAA standard for Gold singles was "more than 1 million copies sold"; in 1989, RIAA lowered the standard to 500,000 for Gold single certifications.) The songs were also sizable hits in Canada, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, and other countries. For example, "Angel of the Morning" peaked at No. 1 in Canada and No. 43 in the UK Singles Chart in 1981. While "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" did not receive a U.S. certification, the song's popularity propelled album sales from Gold to Platinum, and the recording remained in the Top 40 (of the Hot 100) for 18 weeks. "Shot Full Of Love" was released as a single in the UK, but failed to chart.

In the spring of 1982 Newton released her fourth solo album, Quiet Lies, which sold 900,000 copies in the United States. The album went platinum in Canada (100,000 copies). From Quiet Lies came the Top 10 Pop and Adult Contemporary hit "Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me" (which garnered her another Pop Female Vocalist Grammy nomination). "Break It to Me Gently" was the second single and hit #1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, #2 on the Billboard Country chart, as well as #9 in Cash Box and #11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The recording, a contemporary remake of a Brenda Lee hit from the 1960s, won Newton her first Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, beating out contemporaries Dolly Parton, Rosanne Cash, Emmylou Harris and Sylvia. The album's third and final single, "Heart of the Night", reached #4 on the Adult Contemporary chart in early 1983 and climbed to #25 on the Hot 100.

The album also garnered Newton an award from Australia as the "Top International Country Artist" for the continent. In 1982, Newton toured with country band Alabama on the "Salem Spirit" double-headliner tour. (Various acts opened for Newton and Alabama.)

The direction for Newton's sixth and final Capitol album, 1983's Dirty Looks, was decidedly more rock-oriented and experimental than her usual blending of folk, pop and country styles. The album spawned a moderate-sized hit with "Tell Her No" (Hot 100 No. 27/AC No. 14) and the title track, a rock-edged number that charted low in the Hot 100. The single "Stranger at My Door" had a brief run on the country charts. The album was a moderate success, selling more than 300,000 copies in the United States and going Gold in Canada (50,000 copies). (The song "Dirty Looks" was written by Dave Robbins and Van Stephenson, who would later become part of the Country group Blackhawk in the 1990s. The pair also wrote Newton's 1984 country single "Restless Heart".)

According to a 1984 front-page article in Billboard magazine, changes at Capitol led Newton to return to RCA. The 1984 album Can't Wait All Night continued with a rock-oriented sound. The launch single, "A Little Love", and the title track became Newton's final charting pop singles to date, reaching No. 44 and No. 66, respectively; while "Restless Heart" made No. 57 on the country chart. "A Little Love" became Newton's seventh and final Top-10 hit on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, reaching the No. 7 spot. Newton's final double-header "Salem Spirit" tour with Alabama took place during this time, with Bill Medley of The Righteous Brothers as the opening act.

From pop to country
Newton had always been moderately popular in country music; she responded to her waning popularity in the pop market by targeting her next album, 1985's Old Flame, solely to country audiences. The strategic move was a success; the album revitalized her career, reached No. 12 on the Billboard album chart and featured six Top-10 country hits, including the No. 1s "You Make Me Want to Make You Mine", "Hurt", and "Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)" (with Eddie Rabbitt), none of which (unlike her previous efforts) appeared at all on the pop charts. The duet was released to the public before the pop version "Friends and Lovers" by Gloria Loring and Carl Anderson; the pop version was released to radio and stores two weeks after Newton and Rabbitt's version first appeared, even though it was recorded first. Newton's version was originally available only on a special edition of the Old Flame album and on the Eddie Rabbitt album Rabbitt Traxx. The "Old Flame" album produced hit singles for more than sixteen months, with the final release being "What Can I Do with My Heart" (written by Otha Young), which reached the Top 10 in early 1987.

Newton returned to the Top 10 in 1988 with "Tell Me True" from her 1987 album Emotion. The album's lead single, the progressive-country tune "First Time Caller", stalled at No. 24. Her final album of the decade, Ain't Gonna Cry (1989), was not promoted by the label and did not chart. But it did spawn her final Top-40 country hit to date, "When Love Comes Around the Bend", which RCA refused to release as a single because Newton's contract had not been renewed.

After being dropped by RCA Records in 1989 (along with several other country artists, including Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers, as country music as a whole was about to undergo momentous change), Newton took time to focus on her family life. Newton took a hiatus from recording albums, touring sporadically until returning to the music scene in late 1990s when she released the albums The Trouble with Angels (1998) and American Girl (1999).

1990s to present
In 1994, Newton contributed the track "Lovers of One Day" to an Édith Piaf tribute album which also included songs by Pat Benatar and Donna Summer.

In 1995, Newton recorded a double-album of pop duets (which was slated to be sold via infomercial), but the project was riddled with legal issues, resulting in a low-impact, "accidental" release of the "Platinum & Gold" series of duets in the early 2000s (the CD set was released without Newton's permission). Subsequently, bootleg CDs including most of the duets turned up on U.S. store shelves as Gold & Platinum, Volumes 7 and 8. Those CDs also contain 1995 solo versions of three of Newton's pop hits "Angel of the Morning", "Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me" and "Queen of Hearts". Newton's duet partners included Willie Nelson, Melissa Manchester, The Pointer Sisters and Frankie Valli. In 1998, Newton released "The Trouble with Angels", a collection of seven re-recorded hits and three new songs, including the single "When I Get Over You". The 1998 effort was quickly followed by American Girl in 1999, which was Newton's first album of all-new material since 1989 and featured the single "They Never Made It to Memphis". The collection featured tracks written by Otha Young, Freddie Mercury, Nanci Griffith, Tom Petty and Newton herself.

Every Road Leads Back to You (which consists of live material and a bonus EP of four studio recordings of original songs) was released in 2002 with an accompanying DVD. American Girl Vol. II, which was originally sold exclusively at cdbaby.com and at Newton's live shows, was released in 2003 and reissued in 2006 and again in 2011 by Brookside Records.

In 2005, Newton appeared on the TV show Hit Me Baby, One More Time on which she performed a folk-rock rendition of Ashlee Simpson's "Pieces Of Me" and a truncated version of "Queen of Hearts"; online voters selected Newton's performance as their favorite of the five acts that appeared on the episode. In the mid-2000s, Newton also contributed tracks to the albums An All-Star Tribute To Cher ("Reason to Believe") and An All-Star Tribute to Shania Twain ("Come On Over").

On November 15, 2007, Newton released The Gift of Christmas, her first Christmas album. The 12-song album includes a new version of Newton's "Christmas Needs Love to Be Christmas" and "Mary's Boy Child", as well as a special Christmas version of "For Believers", an Otha Young-penned song first recorded in 1983 for the Dirty Looks album.

On August 6, 2009, Newton's longtime musical partner Otha Young died of cancer. The pair worked together for 37 years.

On October 26, 2010, Newton's Duets: Friends & Memories album was released by Fuel 2000. The album contained duets performed with Willie Nelson, Melissa Manchester, Frankie Valli and others. One single ("Funny How Time Slips Away") has been released. In addition to the domestic album, an import edition was released on November 30, 2010.

On July 26, 2011, Fuel 2000 released Juice Newton: The Ultimate Hits Collection, which included her own version of the Carpenters' 1978 hit "Sweet Sweet Smile", which Newton and Otha Young wrote in the '70s.

On May 7, 2012, BGO Records issued a two-CD set containing Newton's three 1970s Capitol albums: Come To Me, Well Kept Secret and Take Heart. This marks the first time these albums have been available in the CD format. With the release of this set, all Newton's 17 studio albums have been issued on CD.

In the 2016 film Deadpool, Juice Newton's version of "Angel of the Morning" was used for the opening credits montage. As a result, the track re-charted on the Billboard Country chart, reaching #43, and also hit #3 on Spotify's World Music chart.

In 2021, Juice Newton's version of "Angel of the Morning" was featured in the critically acclaimed, Oscar-winning film Promising Young Woman. Newton's recording is played for longer than four minutes during the film's climactic scene.

Personal life
Newton bought a thoroughbred gelding named Puppy in 1983 and stabled him at the Los Angeles Equestrian Center. The center's manager was polo star and coach Tom Goodspeed. Newton married Goodspeed in 1985, and the couple had two children: Jessica and Tyler. Now divorced, Newton lives in San Diego, California.

Besides continuing in the music business, Newton works as a horse trader. She deals mostly in European breeds.

Studio albums

 * Juice Newton & Silver Spur (1975)
 * After the Dust Settles (1976)
 * Come to Me (1977)
 * Well Kept Secret (1978)
 * Take Heart (1979)
 * Juice (1981)
 * Quiet Lies (1982)
 * Dirty Looks (1983)
 * Can't Wait All Night (1984)
 * Old Flame (1985)
 * Emotion (1987)
 * Ain't Gonna Cry (1989)
 * The Trouble with Angels (1998)
 * American Girl (1999)
 * The Gift of Christmas (2007)
 * Duets: Friends & Memories (2010)

title: Juice Newton


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Cat Glover

Catherine Vernice Glover (born July 23, 1964) is an American professional choreographer, dancer, and singer.

Biography
She originally hit the mainstream in television alongside her dance partner Patrick Allen in the duo known simply as "Pat & Cat" on the hit major talent show Star Search hosted by Ed McMahon (of The Tonight Show fame). Their act was the first to ever achieve a "Perfect Score" of Four Stars on the show. She was the standout member of the duo, winning the crowd over with her trademark dance move "Cat Scat".

Glover is perhaps best known for her work with Prince in the late 1980s. She choreographed and appeared in several of his videos and his concert film Sign o' the Times, traveled with him as a backing vocalist and dancer on the Sign o' the Times Tour and Lovesexy Tour, and rapped on both The Black Album track "Cindy C." and the Lovesexy song "Alphabet St.". Her "Cat Scat" move appears in the music video for "U Got The Look". She was supposed to have released an album on Paisley Park, but the project was ultimately canceled.

Following her work with Prince, she released the EP Catwoman in 1989. Since that time, it is reported that she has worked in London and Los Angeles, recording her own material as well as continuing her choreography and performing.

She has recorded with Tim Simenon of Bomb The Bass, plus Louie Louie, and Steve Hopkins.

title: Cat Glover


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Apollonia 6

Apollonia 6 was a 1980s American female singing trio.

Origin
Recording artist Prince created the group Vanity 6 in 1981, with singers Vanity (Denise Matthews), Brenda Bennett and Susan Moonsie. After a number of disputes with Prince, Vanity left the group in 1983 to pursue solo endeavors. She also left behind a co-starring role in Prince's 1984 film Purple Rain.

Searching for a replacement, the film's director, Albert Magnoli, met aspiring actress and model Patricia Apollonia Kotero. Prince asked her to use her middle name, and as Apollonia she both stepped into the film Purple Rain, and became lead vocalist in the group, which was renamed Apollonia 6.

The group released one self-titled album, which featured Prince associates Jill Jones and Wendy & Lisa on backing vocals.

A four-track video was filmed, based on the Apollonia 6 album, directed by Brian Thomson (Australian production designer of the original stage versions of The Rocky Horror Show and Jesus Christ Superstar), scripted by Keith Williams (concept writer for music videos by Phil Collins, Ray Parker Jr., and Donna Summer), with a cast consisting of Ricky Nelson, Edy Williams and Buck Henry. Shot in a Los Angeles film studio in 1985, and produced by British video firm Limelight, the video never went beyond rough cut. Footage from the project has appeared on many social networking sites, such as YouTube.

Dissolution
Prince had originally intended his classic tracks "Manic Monday" (later recorded by The Bangles), "17 Days" (later used as the B-side to "When Doves Cry"), "Take Me with U" (released on the Purple Rain soundtrack) and "The Glamorous Life" (recorded by Sheila E. in 1984) for the Apollonia 6 album. Apollonia 6 were slated to open the Purple Rain tour with Prince and Sheila E., but that idea was scrapped after the group returned from a promotional tour of Europe. However, Apollonia 6 did appear on a few select dates of the Purple Rain tour, usually during the "Baby I'm a Star" encore. One such moment is documented in the "I Would Die 4 U" and "Baby I'm a Star" performance on the VHS of Prince and the Revolution: Live, filmed in Syracuse, March 30, 1985.

After the group's demise, Kotero continued working on TV shows such as Falcon Crest and in films for the next decade. She released a solo album in 1988 entitled Apollonia.

Studio albums

 * Apollonia 6 (1984)

title: Apollonia 6


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Western Massachusetts

Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as "western Mass," is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.

The western part of western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.

Native inhabitants
Archeological efforts in the Connecticut River Valley have revealed traces of human life dating back at least 9,000 years. Pocumtuck tradition describes the creation of Lake Hitchcock in Deerfield by a giant beaver, possibly representing the action of a glacier that retracted at least 12,000 years ago. Western Massachusetts was originally settled by Native American societies, including the Pocomtuc, Nonotuck Mohawk, Nipmuck, and Mahican. Various sites indicate millennia of fishing, horticulture, beaver-hunting, and burials. The passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in 1990 ordered museums across western Massachusetts and the country to repatriate these remains to Native peoples, an ongoing process.

The region was inhabited by several Algonkian-speaking Native American communities, culturally connected but distinguished by the place names they assigned to their respective communities: Agawam (low land), Woronco (in a circular way), Nonotuck (in the midst of the river), Pocumtuck (narrow, swift river), and Sokoki (separated from their neighbors). The modern-day Springfield metropolitan area was inhabited by the Agawam people. The Agawam, as well as other groups, belong to the larger cultural category of Alongkian Indians.

In 1634, a plague, probably smallpox, reduced the Native American population of the Connecticut River Valley to a tiny percentage of its previous size. Governor Bradford of Massachusetts writes that in Windsor, notably the site of a trading post, where European diseases often spread to Native populations, "of 1,000 of [the Native Americans] 150 of them died." With so many dead, English colonists were emboldened to attempt significant settlement of the region.

Colonial and early Federal period
The first European explorers to reach western Massachusetts were English Puritans, who in 1635, at the request of William Pynchon, settled the land that they considered most advantageous for both agriculture and trading in modern-day Agawam, adjacent to modern Metro Center, Springfield. In 1636, a group of English colonists—lured by the promise of a "great river" and the northeast's most fertile farmland—ventured to Springfield, where they established a permanent colony. Originally, this settlement was called Agawam Plantation, and administered by the Connecticut Colony. (Springfield lies only 4 miles north of Connecticut; however, Agawam included lands as far south as Windsor Locks, as far north as Holyoke, and as far west as Westfield. ) In 1640, Springfield voted to separate from the Connecticut Colony following a series of contentious incidents and, after a brief period of independence, decided to align with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony, shaping the region's political boundaries. The Massachusetts Bay Colony settled at the Connecticut River Valley's most fertile land―stretching from Windsor, Connecticut, (once part of Springfield,) to Northampton, Massachusetts―from 1636 to 1654.

For the next several decades, Native people experienced a complex relationship with European settlers. The fur trade stood at the heart of their economic interactions, a lucrative business that guided many other policy decisions. White settlers traded wampum, cloth and metal in exchange for furs, as well as horticultural produce. Because of the seasonal nature of goods provided by Native people compared with the constant availability of colonial goods, a credit system developed. Land, the natural resource whose availability did not fluctuate, served as collateral for mortgages in which Native people bought goods from the colonists in exchange for the future promise of beavers. However, trade with the colonists made pelts so lucrative that the beaver was rapidly overhunted. The volume of the trade fell, from a 1654 high of 3723 pelts to a mere 191 ten years later. With every mortgage, Native people lost more land, although their population recovered and expanded from the old plague.

In a process that historian Lisa Brooks calls "the deed game", colonists acquired an increasing amount of land from Indian tribes through debt, fraudulent purchases and a variety of other methods. Native people began to construct and gather in palisaded “forts”―structures that were not necessary beforehand. These sites were excavated in the 19th and 20th centuries by anthropologists who took cultural objects and human remains and displayed them for years in area museums. With the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990, a long process of repatriation began.

Tensions between the colonists and surrounding Indian tribes, which had already been poor for some time, continued to deteriorate in the years preceding the outbreak of King Philip's War. Colonial encroachment on Indian lands combined with the decimation of the native population with European diseases led to increasing Native resentment and hostility towards the colonists. Though some Indians became integrated into colonial society, with many being employed in white households, numerous pieces of legislation were passed which prevented Indians from marrying settlers and staying in colonial settlements after dark, while colonists were prevented from living among the Indians.

In 1662, the leader of the eastern Massachusetts Wampanoag Indian tribe, Wamsutta, died shortly after being questioned at gunpoint by Plymouth colonists. Wamsutta's brother, Chief Metacomet (known to inhabitants of Springfield as "Philip,") began a war against colonial expansion in New England which spread across the region. As the conflict grew in its initial months, colonists throughout western Massachusetts became deeply concerned with maintaining the loyalty of "their Indians." The Agawams cooperated, even providing valuable intelligence to the colonists.

In August 1675, a group of colonists in Hadley demanded the disarming of a “fort” of Nonotuck Indians. Unwilling to relinquish their weapons, they left on the night of August 25. A hundred colonists pursued them, catching up to them at the foot of Sugarloaf Hill, which was a sacred space for the Nonotucks called the Great Beaver. The colonists attacked, but the Nonotucks forced them to withdraw and were able to keep moving. The shedding of Native blood on sacred land was an attack on their entire kinship network, and caused Native peoples in western Massachusetts to join the ongoing conflict.

Following the war, the greater part of the Native American population left western Massachusetts behind. Many refugees of the war joined the Wabanaki in the north, where their descendants remain today. Native American influence remains evident in the land and culture of western Massachusetts, from the practice of tobacco farming to the names of cities and rivers

In 1777, George Washington and Henry Knox selected Springfield for the site of the fledgling United States' National Armory. Built atop a high bluff overlooking the Connecticut River, Washington and Knox agreed that Springfield provided an ideal location—beside a great river and at the confluence of major rivers and highways. For the following 200 years, the Springfield Armory would bring concentrated prosperity and innovation to Springfield and its surrounding towns.

After the American Revolution, a rebellion led by Daniel Shays culminated in a battle at the National Armory in Springfield.

Berkshire Mountains
The Berkshires have long been patronized by artists (e.g. Herman Melville, who wrote Moby-Dick while living in Pittsfield; Edith Wharton, who wrote The House of Mirth and Ethan Frome while living in Lenox; and Norman Rockwell, many of whose painting were based on scenes that he observed in the town of Stockbridge). Cultural institutions include Lenox's Tanglewood, Becket's Jacob's Pillow, and Stockbridge's Norman Rockwell Museum, as well the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown. The city of Pittsfield is the largest community located in the Berkshires.

Connecticut River Valley
New England's largest river, the Connecticut, flows through the center of its agricultural valley. Nearly bisected by the Holyoke Range and the Mount Tom Range, this relatively small area contains a number of college towns, urban environments, and rural hamlets. The portion of this valley in Massachusetts is also commonly referred to as the Pioneer Valley.

At its southern tip, the Springfield-Hartford region is home to 29 colleges and universities and over 160,000 university students—the United States' second highest concentration of higher learning institutions after the Boston metropolitan area.

Innovations originating in the valley include the sports of basketball (James Naismith, 1895) and volleyball (William Morgan, 1895); the first American automobile (Duryea, 1893); the first motorcycle company (Indian, 1901); the first use of interchangeable parts in manufacturing (Thomas Blanchard, 1825); and the first commercial radio station, (WBZ, 1920, from Springfield's Kimball Hotel).

Significant Massachusetts towns and cities in the valley's so-called "Knowledge Corridor" include Northampton, Amherst, Easthampton, Holyoke, Chicopee, West Springfield, East Longmeadow, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Agawam, and Westfield.

The Hilltowns
The Hilltowns include the areas of Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties west of and above the escarpment bordering the ancient rift valley through which the Connecticut River flows. Elevations increase from about 200 ft to at least 1000 ft in the escarpment zone. On top, elevations rise gradually to the west. Williamsburg in Hampshire County and Becket in Berkshire County are prominent hilltowns. Generally, the hilltowns west of the Connecticut River Valley were less attractive for agricultural uses, which resulted in later migration there than, for example, the fertile Connecticut River Valley. Subsistence farming predominated in this area.

The 1,000-foot elevation difference between uplands and the Connecticut River Valley produced streams and rivers with gradients around 40 feet/mile (8 meters/km) flowing through steep-sided valleys, notably the Westfield and Deerfield rivers and their larger tributaries. Mills were built to exploit the kinetic energy of falling water, and mill towns grew up around them, or company towns integrating production, residential and commercial activities.

The development of steam engines to free industrialization from reliance on water power brought about the so-called Second Industrial Revolution when railroads were built along the rivers to take advantage of relatively gentle grades over the Appalachians. And so as hilltop farming towns declined in importance, industrial towns in the river valleys rose to local prominence.

The Quabbin and Quaboag regions
In northern Massachusetts, the higher altitude area to the east of the Connecticut River Valley is known as the North Quabbin region. These northern municipalities include Warwick, Orange, Petersham, Phillipston, Wendell, New Salem, and Athol near the New Hampshire border.

The South Quabbin region (formerly the Swift River Valley) includes the towns of Barre, Belchertown, Pelham, Ware, Hardwick, Leverett, and Shutesbury. This area once included the four "Lost Towns" of Enfield, Dana, Greenwich, and Prescott, which were destroyed to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir.

Farther south, the area called the Quaboag Hills includes Hampden, Monson, Wales, Warren, Holland, and Wilbraham on the Connecticut border. Numerous other towns stretching east towards Worcester are sometimes included in the Quaboag Valley region.

Geology is similar to the Hilltown-Berkshire uplands with resistant metamorphic rocks overlain by thin and rocky soil. With less relief, the river valleys are less pronounced, but still moderately high gradient. The Quaboag Hills and Valley, the Quabbin Regions, and populated places stretching east towards Worcester are all locally known as "Hill Towns"; a term interchangeable with the Hill Towns west of the Pioneer Valley.

Geology
The mountain range in Berkshire County at the western end of Massachusetts is conventionally known as the "Berkshires". Geologically, however, the Berkshires are a westward continuation of uplands west of the Connecticut River and a southern extension of Vermont's Green Mountains.

The Hilltown-Berkshire upland ends at the valley of the Housatonic River which flows south to Long Island Sound, and in the extreme north west of Massachusetts at the Hoosic River, a tributary of the Hudson. From these valleys, uplands to the east appear as a rounded mountain range, rising some 1,600 ft although they are actually a plateau. West of the Housatonic-Hoosic valley system rises the narrower Taconic Range along the New York border. Upper tributaries of the Hoosic separate Massachusetts' highest peak, Mount Greylock 3,491 ft from both ranges, however Greylock's geology connects it with the Taconics.

Most of this region is a rolling upland of schist, gneiss and other resistant metamorphics with intrusions of pegmatite and granite. Scraping by continental glaciers during the Pleistocene left thin, rocky soil that supported hardscrabble subsistence farming before the Industrial Revolution. There was hardly a land rush into such marginal land, but the uplands were slowly settled by farmers throughout most of the 18th century and organized into townships. Then in the early 1800s better land opened up in Western New York and the Northwest Territory. The hilltown agricultural population went into a long decline and fields began reverting to forest.

The Connecticut River Valley is an ancient downfaulted graben or rift valley that formed during the Mesozoic Era when rifting developed in the Pangaea supercontinent to separate North America from Europe and South America from Africa. Secondary rifts branched off the main crustal fracture, and this one was eventually occupied by the Connecticut River. The Metacomet Ridge is a series of narrow traprock ridges where lava penetrated this rift zone, beginning at the northern end of the graben near Greenfield and extending south across Massachusetts and Connecticut to Long Island Sound. Fossil dinosaur footprints in Holyoke attest to the life present in this region during the Mesozoic.

As continental glaciers receded near the end of the last glacial period, a moraine at Rocky Hill, Connecticut, dammed the river to create Lake Hitchcock, extending northward some 200 mi inundating places such as Springfield, Agawam, and West Springfield, while certain highlands remained above water, (i.e. sections of Holyoke).

Accumulation of fine sediments during the era of Lake Hitchcock accounts for this region's exceptionally rich agricultural soil, which attracted settlers as early as 1635. Although the Connecticut River Valley's soil is the richest in New England, many of its fields have been covered by urban and suburban development. Regardless, the valley remains New England's most productive farmland. Tobacco, tomatoes, sweet corn, and other vegetables are still produced there in commercial quantities.

Demographics
Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden counties, in the year 2020 collectively had 828,188 residents, a population greater than that of any one of the six smallest U.S. states. The population amounted to approximately 12.84% of the 2000 population of the entire state of Massachusetts, which was 6,349,097. Its average population density is 293.07 inhabitants per square mile (113.16/km2), compared to 422.34/km2 (1,093.87/sq mi) for the rest of Massachusetts, and 312.68/km2 (809.83/sq mi) for the state as a whole.

Western Massachusetts' population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs along the Connecticut River in an urban axis surrounding Springfield that is contiguous with greater Hartford, Connecticut (i.e. the Knowledge Corridor.) A secondary population concentration exists in the Housatonic-Hoosic valley due to the industrial heritage of Pittsfield and North Adams, and the development of tourism throughout that valley. This far-western zone is linked to New York City and Albany, New York, more than with the rest of Massachusetts, however both populated zones are ultimately part of the Northeast megalopolis. The rest of western Massachusetts is lightly populated, particularly the Hilltowns where densities below 50 persons per square mile (20 per km2) are the rule.

In descending order of size, its largest communities are: Springfield, Chicopee, Pittsfield, Westfield, Holyoke, Northampton, Agawam, West Springfield, Amherst Center (CDP), Easthampton, Longmeadow (CDP), East Longmeadow, North Adams, and Greenfield (CDP).

Economy
Western Massachusetts has been compared as a microcosm of the rest of the United States. The third largest city in Massachusetts, Springfield is situated in the region, and it has struggled financially coming close to bankruptcy at the beginning of the 21st century. The unemployment rate in the area lags behind that of eastern Massachusetts by double though officials have pushed for ways to lure more longer-term business growth into the region to tap the abundance of students being turned out by colleges and universities in the area. To combat the higher cost of telecommunications which were roughly double that of eastern Massachusetts, the government of the Commonwealth invested $45.4 Million in building out a broadband network using Federal grant under the 'Massachusetts Technology Park - MassBroadband 123' initiative, funds which were matched by $45 million in federal investment. The 1,200 mile 'middle mile' project was completed in early 2014, connecting public institutions throughout central and western Massachusetts, but also providing a fiber-optic backbone to allow for further expansion in these regions. Building off of that project, the Commonwealth launched a 'Last Mile' initiative targeting 54 communities that were unserved or under-served by broadband. That program has invested in municipal fiber-to-the-home networks, which are also supported by municipal bonds; private provider projects; and advanced wireless projects to connect homes and businesses in these communities. Small, rural towns such as Mount Washington, Mass., now have access to internet speeds that reach 500 megabit per second (Mbps) symmetrical service. In recent years there has been a push for adding high-speed rail from western Massachusetts for eastern Massachusetts. The residents of western Massachusetts have vibrant culture in and support the local mix of arts, tourism, and culture.

Education
The decline of manufacturing as the region's economic engine since World War II—and in particular, since the controversial closing of the Springfield Armory—was counterbalanced in western Massachusetts by growth in post-secondary education and healthcare.

This created new jobs, land development, and had gentrifying effects in many college towns. State and community-funded schools (e.g., University of Massachusetts Amherst and Westfield State University) were conspicuous in their growth, as were the region's highly regarded liberal arts colleges, including Williams founded 1793, Amherst founded 1821, Mount Holyoke founded 1837, Smith founded 1871, and American International founded 1885.

Despite the gains in higher ed, the region has sought to obtain equitable share of the state's education budget to place into local primary education as well. Several communities in western Massachusetts have fought to have changes made the Chapter 70 structure which the state presently uses to allocate education funding to cities and towns.

Colleges and universities

 * Amherst College
 * American International College
 * Bard College at Simon's Rock
 * Bay Path University
 * Berkshire Community College
 * Cambridge College
 * Conway School of Landscape Design
 * Elms College
 * Five Colleges Association
 * Greenfield Community College
 * Hampshire College
 * Holyoke Community College
 * Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
 * Mount Holyoke College
 * Smith College
 * Springfield College
 * Springfield Technical Community College
 * University of Massachusetts Amherst
 * Westfield State University
 * Western New England University
 * Williams College

Government and politics
Western Massachusetts used to be the Republican stronghold in an otherwise heavily Democratic state, but it is now consistently viewed by political analysts as one of the most politically liberal regions in the United States. In 2006 and 2010, the region voted heavily in favor of Democratic gubernatorial candidate Deval Patrick.

In Crash!ng the Party, Ralph Nader includes western Massachusetts as one of the few places in the country where he believes small-town spirit is still strong. In a 2010 editorial, the Boston Globe berated communities in northern western-Massachusetts for resisting efforts to force consolidation of local school districts. In response, the Franklin County School Committee Caucus released a map that overlaid the county north-to-south over Metro Boston. The overlay reached from Rhode Island in the south to New Hampshire in the north and Framingham in the west.

In 2008 the Office of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts opened a local office in western Massachusetts.

Counties
The western portion of Massachusetts consists approximately of the four counties of Franklin, Hampshire, Hampden and Berkshire. This set of four counties is sometimes regarded as defining western Massachusetts; for example, the Western Massachusetts Office of the Governor serves residents of these counties. Towns at the western edge of Worcester County, especially those near the Quabbin Reservoir, may be considered to be in western Massachusetts for some purposes; for example, two Worcester County towns have telephone numbers in western Massachusetts's area code 413.

Hampden County, with over half of the population of western Massachusetts, includes the City of Springfield; to the north, Hampshire County contains the college towns of Northampton, Amherst and South Hadley; further north, rural Franklin County borders Vermont and New Hampshire; to the west is Berkshire County, bordering New York, Vermont and Connecticut and the other three counties.

After a number of county governments were eliminated in Massachusetts in the late 1990s (including Franklin, Hampshire, Hampden, Berkshire and Worcester), most county functions were assigned to the state government. The municipalities of Franklin and Hampshire counties then organized two voluntary county-oriented "regional councils of government".

Attitude towards eastern Massachusetts/Boston
Some residents of western Massachusetts are critical towards Boston, the state's capital and largest city. This group believes that the Massachusetts legislative and executive branches know little of and care little about western Massachusetts, which comprises 20% of the total population of the state. Among the incidents that have created this feeling:
 * The dismantling, submerging and disincorporation of four western Massachusetts towns, Prescott, Enfield, Greenwich (formerly in Hampshire County) and Dana (formerly in Worcester County), to build the Quabbin Reservoir that supplies water to Boston. Also disruption of small towns accompanying flood control projects such as Knightville Reservoir and construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike.
 * Extreme inequities in additional state assistances per capita for western Massachusetts cities compared with eastern Massachusetts cities—for example, in 2006, for every $278.66 Boston received, its neighbor Cambridge received $176.37, Greater Boston's westernmost city, Worcester, received $67.50, while the City of Springfield received $12.04 per person.
 * Former state House Speaker Tom Finneran's use of parliamentary rules to deny Northampton an election to fill a vacant House seat.
 * Abolishing county governance placed formerly local property and employees under the direct administration of the eastern capital. This also affected representation of low-population/large-land rural towns which previously relied on their county seat in budgeting of road maintenance funding.

Long a haven for small, independent businesses, western Massachusetts has expressed conflicted feelings towards big box corporations, leading to controversies about zoning changes and variances that would allow companies such as Wal-Mart to build in western Massachusetts towns. The debate has been particularly strong in northern towns; for example, in Greenfield, Massachusetts.

Bridges and tunnels

 * Hoosac Tunnel

Airports

 * Great Barrington Airport
 * North Adams Airport
 * Northampton Airport
 * Orange Municipal Airport
 * Pittsfield Municipal Airport
 * Turners Falls Airport
 * Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport
 * Westover Airport

Nearby airports

 * Logan International Airport in Boston, 3 mi northeast of downtown Boston, New England's largest transportation center
 * Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts
 * Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire
 * Albany International Airport, West of the Berkshires in upstate New York
 * Bradley International Airport, South of Springfield in Connecticut

Rail and bus

 * Amtrak operates three lines through western Massachusetts. All three stop at Springfield Union Station.
 * Lake Shore Limited Line: Travels from Chicago, Illinois to Boston: Travels from the capitol in Boston, stops at Springfield-Union, Joseph Scelsi Intermodal Transportation Center (Pittsfield, MA), and service onward to upstate New York towards Buffalo via Albany.
 * Northeast Regional Travels from Springfield to D.C./Virginia, converges at New Haven, CT into the mainline with the separate-branch from Boston.
 * Vermonter Line: Travels from Washington, D.C. to Vermont with four stops in western Massachusetts including: Union-Springfield, Holyoke station, Union-Northampton, John W. Olver Transit Center (Greenfield, MA).
 * CTRail's Hartford Line started operating to Union Station-Springfield as the northern terminus. Trains operate from New Haven, CT with multiple stops in Connecticut along the way. The New Haven–Springfield Line was upgraded in conjunction with the launch of the Hartford Line service. The project received funding from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Federal Government, and the State of Connecticut. Amtrak trains on the route between New Haven and Springfield reach speeds of 110 mph.
 * Central Corridor Rail Line: A proposed line is under review from New London, CT. This line would also have stations in western Massachusetts at: Union-Palmer (Palmer, MA); Amherst station; and Millers Falls before reaching Vermont.

The following regional transit authorities operate in western Massachusetts:

 * Berkshire Regional Transit Authority
 * Franklin Regional Transit Authority
 * Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (connects with Connecticut Transit Hartford rail)

Leisure activities and places of historical interest

 * Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum
 * Arrowhead (Herman Melville)
 * Basketball Hall of Fame
 * The Big E
 * Clark Art Institute
 * The Five Colleges: Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and UMass Amherst
 * Forest Park in Springfield – one of the largest urban parks in the U.S., featuring a zoo and Bright Nights during the holidays
 * Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art
 * Historic Deerfield
 * Emily Dickinson Museum: The Homestead and The Evergreens
 * Jacob's Pillow
 * MassMoCA
 * National Yiddish Book Center
 * The Quadrangle
 * Dr. Seuss Memorial
 * The Mount
 * Norman Rockwell Museum
 * Tanglewood
 * Six Flags New England
 * J. A. Skinner State Park
 * The Springfield Armory National Park
 * Springfield, Massachusetts' Club Quarter
 * Yankee Candle
 * Shelburne Falls Bridge of Flowers
 * Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum
 * Wistariahurst

Outdoor recreation

 * Appalachian Trail
 * Ashuwillticook Rail Trail
 * Bash Bish Falls State Park
 * Berkshire East Ski Area
 * The Berkshires
 * Blandford Ski Area
 * Bousquet Ski Area
 * Connecticut River
 * Deerfield River
 * Farmington River
 * Jiminy Peak
 * Lake Buel
 * Lake Onota
 * Mount Everett State Reservation
 * Mount Greylock
 * Mount Holyoke
 * Mount Tom
 * Otis Reservoir
 * Pittsfield State Forest
 * Quabbin Reservoir
 * Ski Butternut—Great Barrington
 * Westfield River

General and cited references

 * Local history blog.
 * Local history blog.
 * Local history blog.
 * Local history blog.

title: Western Massachusetts


text:
Bresaola

Bresaola is air-dried, salted beef (but it can also be made of horse, venison and pork) that has been aged two or three months until it becomes hard and turns a dark red, almost purple colour. It is made from top (inside) round, and it is lean and tender, with a sweet, musty smell. It originated in Valtellina, a valley in the Alps of northern Italy's Lombardy region.

The word comes from the diminutive of Lombard bresada ('braised').

Production
A strict trimming process is essential to give a unique flavour. Legs of beef are thoroughly defatted and seasoned with a dry rub of coarse salt and spices, such as juniper berries, cinnamon and nutmeg. They are then left to cure for a few days. A drying period of between one and three months follows, depending on the weight of the particular bresaola. The meat loses up to 40% of its original weight during ageing.

In Valtellina, a similar process is applied to smaller pieces of meat. This produces a more strongly flavoured product, slinzega. Traditionally, horse meat was used for slinzega, but now other meats, such as venison and pork, are used as well.

Serving
As an antipasto, bresaola is usually sliced paper-thin and served at room temperature or slightly chilled. It is most commonly served and eaten with drizzled olive oil and lemon juice or balsamic vinegar, and served with rocket (rucola, arugula) salad, cracked black pepper, and fresh Parmesan cheese. Bresaola is sometimes confused with carpaccio, which is made from thin-sliced raw beef (the other ingredients are the same). Sliced bresaola should be stored well-wrapped in a refrigerator.

Similar products
The bresaola produced in Valtellina is a protected geographical indication (PGI) under EU Regulation 2081/92. Since this designation, dried beef made outside Valtellina may carry a generic name such as viande séchée. There are traditional products from several other areas that are similar:

 * Biltong: air-dried cured meat from South Africa with a taste very similar to Bresaola
 * Bündnerfleisch (Bindenfleisch): another Alpine dried meat from across the border in Grisons, Switzerland
 * Brési: from the Doubs region of France
 * Pastirma: a highly seasoned, air-dried cured beef that is found in the cuisines of the eastern Mediterranean.

title: Bresaola


text:
Lnfs

lnfs is a Plan 9 file system enabling use of long filenames on filesystems which do not support them. Similar to the UMSDOS file system for Linux.

title: Lnfs


text:
Stanisław Jerzy Lec

Stanisław Jerzy Lec (6 March 1909 – 7 May 1966), born Baron Stanisław Jerzy de Tusch-Letz, was a Polish aphorist and poet. Often mentioned among the greatest writers of post-war Poland, he was one of the most influential aphorists of the 20th century, known for lyric poetry and skeptical philosophical-moral aphorisms, often with a political subtext.

Biography
Son of the Baron Benon de Tusch-Letz and Adela Safrin, he was born on 6 March 1909 in Lemberg, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Lviv) to a Jewish nobilitated family. The family moved to Vienna at the onset of First World War, and Lec received his early education there. After the war the family returned to Lwów in the Second Polish Republic. Lec attended the Lemberg Evangelical School. In 1927 he matriculated and begun studies at Lwów's Jan Kazimierz University in Polish language and law, which he graduated in 1933.

His literary debut was in 1929. Much of his early work was lyric poetry appearing in left-wing and communist magazines. He collaborated with the communist “Dziennik Popularny" between 1933 and 1936. In 1935 he co-founded the satirical magazine Szpilki (Pins). A "literary cabaret" he founded in Lwów in collaboration with Leon Pasternak in 1936 was closed by the authorities after several performances. Nor did his law-abiding image improve after he took part in the Convention of Culture Workers, a radical congress initiated by the international communist movement Popular Front in the same year. Later that year he spent a few months in Romania, afraid that his activism could lead to his arrest in Poland. He spent the next two years in Warsaw, where he was involved with a number of other left-leaning publications.

Following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, Lec fled Warsaw, returning to his hometown, Lwów. Lec spent the years 1939–1941 there, while the city along with the rest of Polish Eastern Borderlands was occupied by the Soviet Union after the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. While in the Soviet Union, Lec joined in the literary life under the auspices of Ukrainian SSR authorities. He contributed to the magazine “New Horizons”. His poems, satires, articles, and translations from Russian were published in ”Krasnoe Znamya” magazine. In 1940 he joined the Union of Soviet Writers of Ukraine and became a member of the editorial board of “The Literary Almanac” in Lwów. Through this and similar activities he became one of the most prolific pro-Soviet Polish writers, producing numerous works praising the Soviet regime, including the first poem about Stalin written in the Polish language (Stalin, "Czerwony Sztandar", 5 December 1939). A number of his works appeared in the Czerwony Sztandar (Red Banner) newspaper. On 19 November 1939 Lec signed a resolution calling for the incorporation of Polish Eastern Borderlands into the territory of the Soviet Union. Lec's collaboration with the Soviet authorities remains controversial to this day, though he has been defended by Adam Michnik who wrote in his 2007 book that Lec has been unfairly branded by critical opinion as a "Soviet collaborator" on the basis of his "weakest, least successful, or most frankly conformist pieces".

After Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union he was imprisoned in a German work camp in Tarnopol (now Ternopil), from which he made several attempts to escape. He received a death sentence for his second attempt to escape, but managed to successfully escape in 1943. In his autobiography he described his escape as having taken place after he killed his guard with a shovel when taken to dig his own grave. This became the subject of one of his most famous poems "He who had dug his own grave" (from the cycle "To Abel and Cain"):  He who had dug his own grave looks attentively at the gravedigger's work, but not pedantically: for this one digs a grave not for himself. After his escape he participated in partisan warfare within the communist formations of Polish resistance (the Gwardia Ludowa and the Armia Ludowa), and eventually served in regular units of Polish People's Army until the end of the war, which he finished with the rank of major. He also edited the communist resistance underground newsletter Żołnierz w Boju (Soldier in Combat) and the communist magazine Wolny Lud (Free Nation).

Lec's wartime service allowed him to obtain a diplomatic post as a cultural attaché in Vienna. Becoming disillusioned with the Communist government, he left for Israel in 1950 with his wife, son and daughter. Lec couldn't adapt to the life in Israel and returned to Poland with his son after two years there. His wife and daughter remained in Israel. He moved to a small town in which he had been in the underground during the war, and remarried there before returning to Warsaw. At first he worked as a translator, as the Polish communist authorities had taken away his right to write or publish until the late 1950s. He was immensely popular, and despite the anti-communist and anti-totalitarian themes of his later works, he was given an official state funeral in Warsaw when he died on 7 May 1966. That year, he was awarded the Officer Cross of the Order Polonia Restituta.

Works
Lec's early works were primarily lyrical poetry. In his later years, he became known for aphorisms and epigrams. He was influenced by religious (Jewish and Christian) as well as European cultural traditions. In his works he often modernized ancient messages, while preserving their universality. His notable poems such as Notatnik polowy (Field Notebook; 1946), Rękopis Jerozolimski (The Jerusalem Manuscript; 1950–1952, reedited in 1956 and 1957), and Do Kaina i Abla (To Cain and Abel; 1961) had a theme of exploring the world through irony, melancholy, and nostalgia. His later works, usually very short (aphorisms), through techniques such as wordplay, paradox, nonsense, abstract humor, and didacticism convey philosophical thoughts through single phrases and sentences. Collections of Lec’s aphorisms and epigrams include Z tysiąca jednej fraszki (From a Thousand and One Trifles; 1959), Fraszkobranie (Gathering Trifles; 1967); and Myśli nieuczesane (Unkempt Thoughts; 1957, followed by sequels in 1964 and 1966).

His work has been translated into a number of languages, including English, German, Slovak, Dutch, Italian, Serbian, Croatian, Swedish, Czech, Finnish, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian and Spanish.

Family
Lec was married twice, first with Elżbieta Rusiewicz, with whom he had a son Jan (1949) and a daughter Małgorzata (1950), and second with Krystyna Świętońska, with whom he had a son Tomasz.

Main works

 * Barwy, poems (1933)
 * Spacer cynika, satire and epigrams (1946)
 * Notatnik polowy, poems (1946)
 * Życie jest fraszką, satire and epigrams (1948)
 * Nowe wiersze (1950)
 * Rękopis jerozolimski (1956)
 * Unkempt Thoughts (Myśli nieuczesane) (1957)
 * Z tysiąca i jednej fraszki (1959)
 * Kpię i pytam o drogę (1959)
 * Do Abla i Kaina (1961)
 * List gończy (1963)
 * More Unkempt Thoughts (Myśli nieuczesane nowe) (1964)
 * Poema gotowe do skoku (1964)
 * Fraszkobranie (1966)

title: Stanisław Jerzy Lec


text:
Riverview, New Brunswick

Riverview is a town in Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada. Riverview is located on the south side of the Petitcodiac River, across from the larger cities of Moncton and Dieppe. Riverview has an area of 34 km2, and a population density of 564.6 PD/km2. Riverview's slogan is "A Great Place To Grow". With a population of 20,584 in 2021,

Riverview is the largest town in New Brunswick, and despite being designated as a town it is the fifth-largest municipality in the province, being more populous than the cities of Edmundston, Bathurst, Campbellton, and Miramichi.

History
Though the Petitcodiac River was a regular transportation corridor for aboriginal peoples, the first known settlements in the area were three Acadian villages in what are now Turtle Creek, Lower Coverdale and Point Park. The French-speaking families were forced to abandon the area in 1758 during the Grand Derangement. Resettlement of what would become Riverview began around 1783 when settlers from Yorkshire, England began to farm there. The Town of Riverview was formed on July 9, 1973 with the amalgamation of the three villages of Bridgedale, Gunningsville and Riverview Heights. Harold Findlay became the first mayor and seven councillors were elected at-large to serve a population of 14,177. Since that time, Riverview has grown to include almost 19,130 represented by four ward councillors and three councillors-at-large.

Riverview's first female mayor was Anne Seamans who served until her retirement in 2021.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Riverview had a population of $20,584$ living in $8,651$ of its $8,797$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $19,667$. With a land area of 34.1 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Riverview's linguistic majority is English, with 90.6% speaking English as a first language and only 7.8% speaking French as a first language. The adjacent cities of Moncton and Dieppe are about 32% and 73% Francophone respectively and have benefited from an ongoing rural depopulation of the Acadian Peninsula and areas in northern and eastern New Brunswick. About 27% of the town population is bilingual and understands both English and French.

Neighbourhoods
Riverview has seven main neighbourhoods, each with several smaller subdivisions:
 * West Riverview
 * Riverview Heights
 * Findlay South
 * Gunningsville
 * Point Park
 * Bridgedale
 * Cross Creek

Emergency services
The town is served by Ambulance New Brunswick, Riverview Fire & Rescue, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Hospital services are located in Moncton, New Brunswick.

Facilities
See Moncton Sport Facilities
 * Riverview Aquatic Centre - a full size indoor swimming pool with 6 lanes (each 25m long) connected with Riverview High School.
 * Several soccer and baseball fields
 * Byron Dobson Memorial Arena, with two hockey rinks
 * Six green clay tennis courts
 * Parklanes Bowling Centre - 12 candlepin bowling lanes with automatic scoring

Events
Riverview Sunfest is an annual festival of events to celebrate the incorporation of Riverview as a town and Canada Day.

Urban parks

 * Caseley Park - A large park in front of town hall named after former mayor of Riverview, Ralph Caseley. The park includes a monument of a Centurion Tank and a monument to the victims of the Polytechnique massacre.
 * Riverfront Park - A park by the Petitcodiac River Causeway featuring an outdoor workout centre often referred to as the "Green Gym".
 * Mill Creek Nature Park - a 133 ha nature park with a network of formal and informal trails.
 * Bridgedale Centre Play Area
 * Dobson Trail
 * Gunningsville Boulevard
 * Hawthorne Play Area
 * Riverview Lions Community Park

Places of interest
The town is home to one of seven Nav Canada area control centres, Moncton Area Control Centre, serving air traffic over New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and eastern Quebec. The centre controls all air traffic between Europe and Eastern Canada. This centre monitors over 430,000 flights a year, 80% of which are either entering or leaving North American airspace.

Media
See Media in Greater Moncton

Transportation
See Greater Moncton Transportation

Education
There are currently seven schools in Riverview, including one high school, one middle school, and five elementary schools. In December 2011, it was officially announced that a new K-8 school would be constructed in East Riverview that is expected to open for the 2013 school year.

 * Riverview High School (9-12)
 * Riverview Middle School (6-8)
 * Riverview East School (K-8)
 * West Riverview School|West Riverview Elementary School (K-5)
 * Frank L. Bowser Elementary School (K-5)
 * Claude D. Taylor Elementary School (K-5)

title: Riverview, New Brunswick


text:
Talk:Vagabond (disambiguation)

- a vagabond is known as a poor homeless person. Other similar titles are hobo, bum, and moocher.

- it's also an album title by the austrian band Valina. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.123.82.176 (talk) 11:17, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed Merger
One of my issues is that this is not a dictionary and we don't need entries for every form of derogatory word: bum, troll, vagrant, tramp, hobo, etc. One entry under vagabond will suffice.

Linkbacks with all the fancy templates pending.

Brothercanyouspareadime (talk) 03:06, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

Proposed merge with The Vagabond
There is a significant overlap between this disambiguation page and the one at The Vagabond, so I propose merging the latter into this one. Thryduulf (talk) 14:41, 8 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea. -- Ssilvers (talk) 09:04, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Support, no need for 2 separate pages. Leschnei (talk) 18:24, 11 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Done. Thryduulf (talk) 08:32, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vagabond (disambiguation)


text:
User:Heriberto

Heriberto Cantu Villarreal

title: User:Heriberto


text:
User talk:Quintucket

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

--Goobergunch 23:54, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Western Mass
Hi Quintucket,

Welcome to Wikipedia. Sorry if I'm stepping on your toes a little with Western Massachusetts. I think it's a great start and I just wanted to do a little cleanup on it since I too live in this area. Enjoy! Rhobite 01:12, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
I'm not quite clear on what you did aside from fixing "chidens" and "asbolitionists" and getting the sightseeing list to work right, but I certainly don't see anything that I should be mad about.

Where do you live by the way? I live in Deerfield.
 * I didn't edit anything major, just some spelling fixes and clarified a couple parts. I live in Amherst. Rhobite 02:23, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, that's what it looked like. Heh, I go to high school in Amherst. I wonder if I've ever bumped into you before when I've gone downtown. Meh.

--Quintucket 02:45, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Origin of your name
Check out Wikipedia articles for various numerical prefixes, including Greek numerical prefixes and Latin numerical prefixes. Is your name realted in any way to quinque-?? 66.245.15.73 02:24, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Not really much derivation here
The Quintucket or Quinitucket (I'm not certain which) was the original name of the Connecticut River. The French explorers happened along, and couldn't pronounce it, so they labeled it "Connecticut" instead. Since I live along the Connecticut River, I decided to start using "Quintucket" as a user name. Since I'm not sure if the "i", a sound that is barely pronounced I'm not sure if it's written or not, so I always write it without it.

--Quintucket 02:35, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Well, actually, it turns out that it's "Quinnetucket." --Quintucket 01:42, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Just as a note, the Ojibwe word for "being a long-stream" is ginootigweyaad, and the river is called Ginootigweyaad-ziibi. I used to live along the Connecticut River years ago... in central Connecticut. The oral history says that the Anishinaabe were from the east coast. So, I was quite amazed exactly how similar Ojibwe is/was to the languages spoken by the tribes located New England. You're right about the lack or resources to link for Abenaki language. One place, though, might be Freelang. Good luck! CJLippert 23:11, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Animal-stub
I think I've managed to straighten out your so that it does what you presumably intended it to. Have a look at Category:Animal stubs and Template:Animal-stub to see how it works. --Paul A 02:49, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ahh, thanks. I was a bit confused as to why it did it when none of the other stub categories did. --Quintucket 20:47, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

No problem
Glad you're not too offended by my copyediting. Could I ask one favor of you? You've been adding good content but there's a large number of spelling errors. There are good spellchecker add-ons for most popular browsers, such as ieSpell and Spellbound for Firefox. Would you mind spellchecking your submissions? It's a pretty quick and painless process. Thanks. Rhobite 21:14, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

Firefox has a spell-checker? I don't see it under Tools. I suppose that I can just copy & past into Word though, if need be, I'd only avoided it because I've occasionally had problems with auto-correct and not noticed. Quintucket 21:25, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Firefox has a spellchecker extension called Spellbound, based on the Thunderbird spellchecker. You have to install it from that site. The interface can be a little annoying but it's pretty simple to use. Give it a try if you want. Rhobite 22:09, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ahh, thanks Rhobite. Quintucket 22:19, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

issues about school articles
In November 2003, there was a VfD debate over Sunset High School (Portland). The debate was archived under Talk:Sunset High School (Portland). What to do with the article is still being contested and has been recently re-nominated for VfD at Votes for deletion/Sunset High School (Portland).

I am writing to you because you have participated in such debates before. There still does not exist a wikipedia policy (as far as i can tell) over what to do in regards to articles about specific U.S. public school. My hope is that a real consensus can come out of the debate, and a real policy can take shape. Take part if you are so willing. Kingturtle 02:37, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Woah, I've been gone for three years?

 * Gee, really doesn't seem like it's that long.
 * Sorry I've been sorta AWOL.
 * Meheh.

Libya
Sorry for just reverting your edit like that, but capital cities are typically treated as common knowledge and don't require citations. Didn't mean anything by it. Orange Tuesday (talk) 23:55, 6 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry for being a little snippy. My internet connection was unusually bad at that point, which put me in a bad mood.  I felt that the capital city needed citation in this case because it definitely isn't common knowledge.  It wasn't even very well publicized.  I hadn't heard about it, and couldn't find the information on Google.  As far as I can tell that BBC article is the only source on the matter in English, and it was mentioned offhandedly even there. --Quintucket (talk) 11:24, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Yeah on reflection I think you're right about that. In any case, it's all settled now. Thanks for improving the article. Orange Tuesday (talk) 13:32, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Talk:Princes' Islands#Eminönü ferry
CeeGee (talk) 18:30, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

File:English-as-Official-Language.png
Your way of changing maps related to the English language shows that your aim is to misinform people about this very matter. For instance, why else would you have - without any valuable proof - changed Ethiopia and Eritrea and parts of Somalia and just indicated the first one of them? Hoped the rest wouldn't even be noticed? Let alone those multiple giant spots which noone really will be able to verify... Speaking any Turkish yet, at least?? Hoşça kal 186.212.224.180 (talk) 21:34, 30 September 2011 (UTC)
 * First of all, I have to thank you for taking the time to bring this to my discussion page. I have been over this several times in several locations, and it always tends to crop up again where I least expect it, often without discussion.  It's actually not one of my main priorities, though for awhile I've largely edited articles as I read them. I also want to thank you for bringing attention to another point, which is that my edit summary got cut off, and I will fix that in the talk page momentarily.

 * Down to the main point: both the CIA World Factbook, and Ethnologue claim it as such for both countries. I admit that I'm baffled myself, but I'm editing things to fit with the sources I have, while hoping someone can shed light on the matter.  If someone can explain either 1. how English came to be official in these countries or 2. why two sources that Wikipedia heavily relies on for language information got it wrong, it would put the issue to rest.

 * As for Somaliland, the English Wikipedia tries to maintain a position of political neutrality, and Somaliland's de facto status as an independent country means that it merits recognition. The striping is common practice for similar situations. In this case, I only striped the area that's actually held by the Somaliland government.

 * As for the Turkish, thanks for asking. (I assume you're a Turk?) I'm making some progress and can communicate in simple situations. But I still find that for complicated situations I depend on Google Translate. --Quintucket (talk) 22:36, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

Re: User warning templates
Hello, user Quintucket. Thanks for the reminding regarding the anonymous user. Thought you say so about some of them being less experienced, but I still believe not all are rookies. That's why I don't want to be cruel by changing the protection level because I want to give chance to other users who knows more about this Arab Spring and their experience to do so. That's why I also warn him/her that his/her action will be the consequences to others who can't even edit just because of this few little tiny vandals who screw it up. As for this January 2012 Arab Spring and other article is getting dangerous (by exaggerating saying) because I can notice there a lot of bias view for this Arab Spring from various sides, especially at one time one user tries to make the date of 2011 Bahraini Uprising as lasted one day, which to me he's being anti-revolt. Regarding the registration thing, I did have a user, but I don't have much time to do so, hence I was lazy to sign in. But I'll let you know soon. 60.49.63.145 (talk) 04:52, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Reply
Hello, user Quintucket. I think its a good idea. A lot of users tends to misjudge such that almost all the IP address users are advocated to vandalism, and when it comes to long-time IP address like mine, they still will ignore it. I didn't know that my current IP can last for so long as when most of the time I edit it day-by-day, it changes my address.

However, before I end this comment, why is my right-bottom corner of the monitor has the feedback Improve this article on it whenever I come to the Arab Spring article? I heard the IP address users can't shut it down. Would you shut it for me? Thanks. 60.49.63.145 (talk) 08:19, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

Censor bars
OccupyNipplesSuperBowlXLVI.jpg is not self-promotion; it's a clever example of co-optation (along the lines of the graphics of the on-line anti-SOPA protests). Furthermore, it's not my project. I'm a guy —no one's interested in my nipples! kencf0618 (talk) 06:11, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You'd be surprised. Any rate, my apologies.  You linked to a Facebook page, and I assumed "Occupy Nipples" was an avant garde group at your college, or something of that nature.  I usually revert additions of Facebook links without much thought, unless the connection for the page is blindingly obvious. Go ahead and revert back, if you'd like.  I don't understand your reason for adding it though.  Maybe that's just my problem.  --Quintucket (talk) 08:57, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I'd added it because it was a clever and sexy example of agitprop. That said, I believe that Censor bars deserves an article of its own because they are an artifact, and arguably the iconic artifact, of censorship.  They are mostly used in text, and occasionally in video, whereas pixelization is used only in video and photography and not within bodies of text.  Both are used as redaction and sanitization techniques, but they should be parsed apart a bit IMHO.  kencf0618 (talk) 16:39, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Go ahead. I'm an inclusionist, and don't really care what you add except where biographies of living persons are concerned.  But if you don't want an edit war with Delicious carbuncle, you should probably make sure you de-coatrack it (no emphasis on SOPA), and provide more sources than TV tropes and Facebook. (User-generated sources aren't well looked on at Wikipedia.)  --Quintucket (talk) 16:49, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. I've de-coatracked it, and I'll do a bit of research.  It's true that the current citations are on the light side, but the low-hanging fruit were picked on Wikipedia long, long ago.  I was struck that none of the anti-SOPA websites during their black-outs utilized pixelization as graphic devices, but rather good old-fashioned censor bars, hence the article.  kencf0618 (talk) 00:06, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I saw. Like I said on the talk page, right now there's not enough information to justify an article, however I'm an eventualist and inclusionist, so I'm patient and have no objections.  Keep in mind that I'm not the one who created the redirect, I merely changed the target.  I'm not sure about the SOPA protests though.  Those seemed to be a reference to government redaction of documents (the original redirect), whereas the TVTropes entry referred to using images in place of pixelization (my redirect). Regards, Quintucket (talk) 09:10, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I see that Delicious carbuncle has redirected it again despite the changes, as he apparently deems me to have been soap-boxing and using Wikipedia as my personal photo album. I still believe that censor bars as an iconic artifact of censorship deserve an article, but this isn't the hill I chose to die on. Thank you for giving this matter due consideration. kencf0618 (talk) 19:01, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Italian Nationality Law
Hi Quintucket. On the talk page for the Italian Nationality Law article, I wrote a response to your question. I'm from Pittsfield, MA and I'm an Italian citizenship law wonk because of the years that I spent processing my citizenship claim, and my frequent reading and translating of materials about the topic. That adoption scenario looks like one that I read about on a message board, so I have had an occasion to think about it and draw a conclusion in the past. Still, I cannot certify through case information that someone would be able to use my logic and succeed in a claim.Corwin78 (talk) 20:40, 14 March 2012 (UTC) My name has changed from Corwin78 to Italick. Italick (talk) 11:29, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Like I said it's hypothetical for now because this girl claims not to be interested. –Quintucket (talk) 16:11, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

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NKR
Hi there...You must know that "NKR" is not a republic as you say abkhasia. You put an armenian flag behind "NKR". How it can be, Nakhchevan and Nagorno-Karabakh's status is the same, but you separate it from Azerbaijan. If you did that same balance with abkhasia, please keep the flag of Azerbaijan not Armenian Karabakh Sepatare-Terrorist group flag. You did very big mistake brother — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adigozalov (talk • contribs) 07:03, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Adigozalov: I'm going to give you the benefit of the doubt and assume that your fifth change is because you don't understand the meaning of the 3RR, but this is five reverts you've made in 24 hours. (I'm not going to put myself in danger by making a fourth revert, though I assume either CMD or another user will come along and revert you soon enough.)

 * If you really believe that you have a case, you should take it up on the article talk page. Nagorno-Karabakh's status is largely the same as South Ossetia's: both were abolished by their respective national governments on account of seperatist activity, both went ahead and declared independence anyways, and proceeded to win a civil war against a respective national government (respectively supported by Armenia and Russia of course). Just as South Ossetia largely occupies the northern part of Shida Kartli in Georgia, the NKR de facto occupies the Azeri regions of Kalbajar Lachin and Yukhari Garabakh.  It's not the same as Nakhchivan, which remains both a de jure autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, and under de facto Azeri control.

 * Also, please try to remember to sign your posts with four tildes " ~ ". Thanks. —Quintucket (talk) 11:31, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Başakşehir
You have added new population figures for Başakşehir, İstanbul. But the figures you have added and the figures in your source don't match. So I fixed them. Cheers. Nedim Ardoğa (talk) 17:40, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Sorry about that. —Quintucket (talk) 18:23, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Abkhazia discussion
Hey, I was hoping one of the users wanting to make the change would continue discussion in the "NPOV tag" section. However, I'm glad someone has. It seems a bit odd to discuss in a section titled Page protection though? Would you mind moving your comments to a new section that would make it obvious what is being discussed (for all users with a watchlist), or perhaps be willing to repeat them in a new section, if I start a new one? A discussion under a title that described what is being discussed is I feel more likely to be productive. Hopefully. CMD (talk) 11:47, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see you've posted in the NPOV tag section too, although it's a less thorough post. Would you prefer to talk there or start a new section? CMD (talk) 11:56, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
 * They're two different points. One relates to the edit war itself—the dispute over the infobox; one relates to issues with the lede (which to me seem to be more a case of poor writing than a blatantly pro-Russian bias, though I can see how a Georgian reader might interpret it as such).

 * I can move and/or copy my new comments to a new section; I'll probably copy the relevant ones if nobody's responded. The reason I responded to the page protection was because I wasn't aware that you'd asked SlimVirgin to protect it.  I thought he'd protected it out of the blue, and that touched on a pet peeve of mine.

 * I've seen many cases of an admin responding to ethnically motivated edit-warring by simply protecting the page, and moving on, in which the article then stagnates. The people who were edit-warring rarely discuss things and never reach an agreement, while nobody else can contribute.  I then find on such articles that the edits that I'd like to make are usually minor phrasing and punctuation changes, and my options are either posting on the talk page, asking an admin to unprotect the article, or simply wincing and moving on.  Unfortunately I probably tend to choose the last option nine times out of ten, and I doubt I'm the only one.  Thus I've come to believe that protecting a page because a handful of users keep adding and deleting the same piece of text is a bit like deterring the squirrels who invade my mother's birdfeeder by rigging it with dynamite: doesn't really solve the problem. and causes a lot of collateral damage in the process. —Quintucket (talk) 15:13, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

 * SlimVirgin initially protected it due to a RfPP I think (I didn't file the request). At this point the users trying to edit war the infobox in added an NPOV tag, although they didn't start discussion, and Lfdder had started it. The NPOV tag is because of the infobox dispute, not because of anything else (not that you'd know it from the lack of talkpage discussion), so your lead discussion is something new that hasn't yet come up. After that initial protection expired, none of the users had bothered to post anything new on the talkpage, yet one went ahead and reinserted their edit again. Not wanting to start the whole edit war process again in a futile attempt at BRD, I asked SlimVirign to protect it again, which they did. As much as I sympathise with your view, as far as I can see, SlimVirgin's other options were to let an edit war continue, or start blocking people. No option is entirely desirable, although if you have previous experience in these sorts of situations I'd appreciate advice. In my experience, if an admin doesn't use protection to enforce BRD, either the edit war goes on till those less determined (usually those objecting to the change) just leave, or the initial editor games 3RR - "My first edit wasn't a revert, you've hit 3, don't revert me again!" - and is able to force their change into an article. Temporary stagnation is far more preferable to me. CMD (talk) 15:42, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I understand your position, particularly since in addition to everything else you do, I've noticed that you also do a lot of damage control. I also greatly appreciate what you do, since few Wikipedians have the patience to do it (I certainly don't, and I probably don't do half the other stuff you do).  I admit I was kind of lashing out at a general tendency on Wikipedia to see page protections as a lesser evil to temp blocks, and reluctance of admins to enforce the spirit of WP:EDITWAR, possibly out of fear of being seen to take sides.  (The gaming of 3RR you described, which I've seen all too often before, would seem to merit a warning followed by increasingly longer temp blocks.)

 * I still think that warning followed by temp blocking of troublesome users, and if they still cause problems arbitration and possible topic bans is a more efficient solution, since it targets the problem, but I've noticed that I seem to be in a minority on this. (I'm thinking maybe I should write a Wikiessay on my position called "Squirrels and birdfeeders.") —Quintucket (talk) 17:26, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

 * In a perfect world, I have the feeling you'd be right. However, it seems it's not always easy being an admin (not that I have personal experience), perhaps for the fear you note. I do know that the last two AN/Is I participated in (and the only two in recent memory) both eventually went to archive without being closed, and without any action being taken. This of course makes dealing with editors difficult. Appealing to a specific admin leaves you and the admin you ask open to accusations of CANVASS. As for warnings, that's also hard without other editors. If you're the one reverting an editor, it seems slightly vindicative to me to be giving them a warning as well. If you warn them about edit warring, they point out you're edit warring (and rarely they'll even acknowledge edit warring is a two-way thing). If you warn them about BRD, something such as "BRD is just an essay" comes up. Without an admin being willing to get fully acquainted with the situation (and therefore risk being accused of being involved), and enforce EDITWAR and BRD, protection seems to be the most effective way to bring those users into discussion. If you write said essay, please include an image of a squirrel examining dynamite. CMD (talk) 18:50, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

Chile
I see you removed the North section, but what about Chile? You removed Chile and yet it has a higher HDI than Portugal (which is an advanced economy!) and Eastern Europe --yang long (talk) 15:34, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I removed Chile from the lede because I've never seen it described as part of the "North." As the article describes, there's many factors that go into defining "North" and "South," not just HDI. —Quintucket (talk) 20:27, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Ok. But when Chile becomes an advanced economy, would it be Ok to put it in the north? --yang long (talk) 14:02, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The page is about the North-South divide. Currently I've never seen any sources that consider Chile part of "The North."  Even if there were sources, we'd have to see most sources describing it as part of "The North" before we include it in the lede.  As an analogy: we currently don't describe Estonia as being part of the Nordics, even though it seems to many an outside observer (including myself) that it has more in common with the Nordic countries than with Lithuania, and even though some sources have described it as such, because most sources don't.  However since some sources include it, or argue that it should be included, we discuss the Estonian issue.

 * If coverage of Chile reaches the point of Estonia vis a vis the Nordics, where some source say that it's part of "The North" or should be considered as such, we'd be justified in discussing it in the lede. I imagine that for that to happen, it will likely because of closer integration of the Pacific Alliance into world trade; and/or because closer cultural ties of the Southern Cone to North America and/or Europe.  In that hypothetical case want to discuss those other countries as well, even though Chile would probably have the strongest claim and be most frequently cited, just as the discussion of Estonia as a Nordic occurs often enough in the context of all the Baltics being Nordics that we cover Latvia and Lithuania too.

 * If the preponderance of sources start to call Chile part of the North, then we can consider including it in the lede. I suspect though that discussions of Chile's status are more likely to occur in the context of the obsolescence of the concept.  The point is, the sources don't include Chile in "the North," and even if they start to, it will take some time before it becomes common enough that we're justified as treating as a mainstream position, if it happens at all. —Quintucket (talk) 21:18, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Ok — Preceding unsigned comment added by YAGN LONG (talk • contribs) 23:17, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting
You are invited to the 2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting, on 20 July 2013 in Boston! We will be talking about the future of the chapter, including GLAM, Wiki Loves Monuments, and where we want to take our chapter in the future! EdwardsBot (talk) 10:17, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * Thanks. :-) —Quintucket (talk) 00:32, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

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Natchez
Well. That's a very old edit :) And WikiCleaner isn't a "script". It simply identifies the disam links. All of the mistakes (including this one) are my own. :) --User:Woohookitty Disamming fool! 04:16, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

Pacific Alliance and First World Map
Thank you for letting me know about the Pacific Alliance checks you have down. I did not add any references as there were none before so I figured it could be checked from the same reference previously provided. Another thing I wanted to mention was the add on of Colombia into the File:Cold War alliances mid-1975.svg on the first world side. Colombia was the only country of Latin America, besides Puerto Rico, to actively participate on the Cold War providing over 4000 soldiers according to local media and a little over 1000 according to the wikipedia page to the Korean War, a segment of the Cold War. From this point on, Colombia actively supported the NATO and the NATO supported Colombia due to its internal problems with communist terrorists, see FARC and ELN. Seeing that the map shows the alliances rather than the economic output, I strongly support the idea of Colombia being added onto the First World side (blue). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pipeafcr (talk • contribs) 03:59, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Foro de Sao Paulo map
Hi, why did you put the wrong colors to Argentina and Paraguay at Foro de São Paulo? Couldn't you notice that the countries in the map can only be red or blue and not light red or light blue? Thanks. MarcosPassos (talk) 02:33, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * As I noted, Argentina's ruling party is supported by a FSP party and supports the principles of the FSP, but is not a member itself. Paraguay and Puerto Rico are light blue, because there is at least one FSP party in those countries, but non represented in Parliament.  Using two colors, it would have been to mark Argentina, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico as blue, which is misleading, or mark Argentina as red and add a note everywhere, which is difficult and potentially misleading.  I can update the description though. —Quintucket (talk) 02:42, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * (1) Puerto Rico belongs to the United States of America, it's clear that only countries (not provinces or states or overseas territories) should be in that map. (2) Argentina's ruling party is a member of the Foro, as it can be read in all Foro's Meeting Acts. (3) Wrong. There are 5 Foro de São Paulo politicians represented in Paraguay's Parliament nowadays. One of them is former president Lugo himself (now a senator). MarcosPassos (talk) 03:04, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * OK, first of all, you should have brought this discussion to the talk page and alerted me to that discussion here if (as is likely) I didn't respond. I based my map on the article, since it's a lot of information to check otherwise.  You're right about Paraguay. In fact it's clear from the Foro's own website that the page hasn't been updated in awhile, and needs to be. While I can probably fix Paraguay soonish, I'll be busy until the middle of December and might not be able to fix the article for some time.  Since you apparently have time on your hands, I invite you to update the article, especially since that will let me make sure the map is accurate when I do update it.
 * Secondly, the Foro's website doesn't list either the Front for Victory or the Justicialist Party as a member.  If you have a reliable source that the FSP does have a member in (not merely supporting) Argentina's government, go ahead and add it, with references.
 * Finally, the legal status of Puerto Rico is irrelevant, the fact is that the FSP has allowed three Puerto Rican parties to join as members. —Quintucket (talk) 06:07, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The legal status of Puerto Rico is very relevant because only COUNTRIES should be in that map, and Puerto Rico is not a country. The State I live in Brazil is ruled by a FSP party, but I won't and can't paint my state with a different color simply because my state is not a country, it belongs to Brazil. Martinique is part of FRANCE! Dominica is ruled by David Cameron! Yeah, your edits in the map were not constructive at all. MarcosPassos (talk) 17:34, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * OK, let's get one thing clear: You have been nothing but rude, abrasive, and confrontational since you brought this to my attention, and though I've tried to be polite you have become increasingly nasty. If you want people to co-operate with you you need to at least make an effort to be civil, and so far I have seen no indication of this.  Now Dominica is an independent country, and given that it's also an ALBA member, claims that it's a puppet of the UK make you sound, at best like you don't know what you're talking about. As for Puerto Rico, while it is a US territory, is separate from the United States.  It is not a US state, however if it were it wouldn't really matter.  If the FSP listed the Boricua parties under "Estados Unidos," I'd color the whole US unless other sources gave a good reason not to.  Likewise with Martinique, which may be an integral part of France, but is listed under "Martinica." —Quintucket (talk) 23:05, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, I didn't really want "co-operation" with you when I uploaded that map. You were the one who spontaneously defaced my map and ruined it. Thanks! MarcosPassos (talk) 01:09, 30 November 2013 (UTC)
 * MarcosPassos, you might want to read WP:OWN. --Soman (talk) 03:44, 30 November 2013 (UTC)

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Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States
Could you please update the map of the states according to the polls posted on the main article? 97.71.50.252 (talk) 04:32, 15 January 2014 (UTC)

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I made a video out of you on GoAnimate
You're grounded for life. This will teach you a strong strict painful lesson. You will be wearing diapers for the rest of your life. And there will be no computer, no TV, no cartoon netwotk, no mcdonalds, and further more. The only things you can eat are Baby food, Raw Eggs, rotten swiss cheese, Hardtacks, thumbtacks,Cat pee, paper, metal and hammers. And you will be forced to watch baby and primetime shows like The Xfiles, Family Guy, south park, Barney, telletubbies, king of the hill, Dora the explorer, go diego go, baby einsteins, and lots more not made by Warner brothers or cartoon network. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lunablivion (talk • contribs) 22:08, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

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Abkhazia infobox RfC
Due to previous participation in a discussion on the subject, you are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Abkhazia. CMD (talk) 12:58, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of File:Peaches and Bongo (two pet birds).jpg

The file File:Peaches and Bongo (two pet birds).jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "One, I am not sure if this file is actually freely licensed (it was uploaded without a license, and was tagged as GFDL by someone else). Additionally, it is an orphaned personal photo and we are WP:NOTFILESTORAGE."

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title: User talk:Quintucket


text:
User talk:Heriberto

blah blah blah blah

title: User talk:Heriberto