text:
John Garcia (singer)

John Garcia (born September 4, 1970) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as the vocalist and founding member of stoner rock bands Kyuss, Slo Burn, Unida and Hermano. Garcia also performed in Vista Chino, formerly Kyuss Lives!, with former Kyuss members Brant Bjork and Nick Oliveri. Garcia has since decided to pursue his solo career, having formed his band, John Garcia and the Band of Gold, in 2019.

Kyuss
In 1989, while still in high school, Garcia formed Kyuss (originally known as Katzenjammer and Sons of Kyuss) with Brant Bjork, Chris Cockrell, Josh Homme and Nick Oliveri. Through changing lineups, the band produced five albums in total, all of which featured Garcia on vocals. In October 1995, just three months after releasing the album ...And the Circus Leaves Town, Kyuss disbanded. Their final official release was a 10" vinyl on the now defunct label Man's Ruin Records, which was later re-released on a split CD with Homme's post-Kyuss project Queens of the Stone Age. Kyuss had been on an indefinite hiatus ever since. In November 2010, along with former members Oliveri and Bjork, it was announced he would be touring as Kyuss Lives!, and toured Europe, Australia and New Zealand from March to May 2011 with a new studio album expected to follow. Bruno Fevery filled in for Homme, who did not want to participate. In November 2012, following a lawsuit filed by Homme and former Kyuss bassist Scott Reeder, Kyuss Lives! changed their name to Vista Chino.

Slo Burn
In 1996, Garcia formed stoner rock band Slo Burn in Palm Desert, California. Releasing just one EP, Amusing the Amazing, the band's tenure was short-lived, though it was embraced by the former Kyuss fanbase. A total of 9 songs were recorded, but the band did not have enough funds, so the 4 tracks were released as an EP. Bootleg copies of the album that have the remaining 5 tracks exist, unmixed, in varying quality. The band played at Ozzfest in 1997 before disbanding later that year, for reasons never officially revealed. Slo Burn reunited twenty years later in 2017 and went on tour before going on hiatus the same year.

Unida
Upon leaving Slo Burn, Garcia formed the band Unida, which at one point included former Kyuss bassist Scott Reeder. Unida released one album, Coping with the Urban Coyote and a split EP with the Swedish group Dozer. Unida were signed to Rick Rubin's label, American Recordings, and recorded a second album, El Coyote (alternatively known as The Great Divide) which was unreleased due to company partner, Island/Def Jam, not seeing any commercial potential in the music. The band, however, distributed the album themselves, selling copies at their live shows while on tour. Unida is currently touring without Garcia due to touring with his solo band.

Hermano
In 1998, Garcia joined Hermano, a side-project created by producer Dandy Brown. Since 2002, the band has released three studio albums: Only a Suggestion, Dare I Say, and Into the Exam Room, and one live album, Live at W2. Hermano currently remains on hiatus due to Garcia's commitment to his solo band.

Vista Chino
In early 2010, a European tour was announced, starting with a gig at Roadburn Festival in April. Billed as "Garcia Plays Kyuss", the performances consisted entirely of songs originally recorded by Garcia's former band, Kyuss. His backing-band is composed of Belgian and Dutch musicians from Agua de Annique, Kong, Celestial Season and Arsenal. During their performance at Hellfest on June 20, John Garcia was joined on stage by former Kyuss members Brant Bjork and Nick Oliveri while playing "Gardenia" and "Green Machine".

In November 2010, John Garcia formed Kyuss Lives! with Brant Bjork, Nick Oliveri, and Bruno Fevery. Due to legal pressure on November 2012, Kyuss Lives! announced that they had changed their name to Vista Chino.

Vista Chino released their debut album Peace on September 3, 2013, through Napalm Records.

Various projects and collaborations
In the mid-1990s, Garcia was chosen to be the lead vocalist for Karma to Burn's debut album, however the band ultimately settled on a different singer. One of the songs recorded during their studio sessions together, "Two Times", appeared on the band's 2010 album Appalachian Incantation as a bonus track.

In 1999, Garcia collaborated with Swedish all-female stoner band Misdemeanor on "Love Song", the fourth track of their EP, Five Wheel Drive.

In 2001, he contributed vocals to the track The Thing That Should Not Be along with drummer Jason Bonham, bassist Jeff Pilson (Dokken,) and guitarist Kurdt Vanderhoof for the Metallica tribute album Metallic Assault.

In 2002, Garcia contributed vocals to two tracks on UK band Orange Goblin's album Coup de Grace, "Made of Rats" and "Jesus Beater".

In late 2003, Garcia recorded vocals for the song "Born Too Slow" by The Crystal Method. The song became the lead single of Legion of Boom. The song did moderately well in terms of radio airplay and is highly popular among fans of The Crystal Method, particularly because of the howling vocals Garcia laid down on the track. Limp Bizkit guitarist Wes Borland played guitar on the song. Garcia has performed the song live several times with The Crystal Method.

On December 20, 2005, Garcia would finally team up with Homme again, making a guest appearance onstage with Queens of the Stone Age during the encore of their set at the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles. They performed three Kyuss songs together: "Thumb", "Hurricane" and "Supa Scoopa and Mighty Scoop". This appearance fueled Kyuss reunion rumours, though Homme has stated publicly that a proper Kyuss reunion is unlikely to ever happen.

In 2006, Garcia collaborated with Canadian band Danko Jones on their third album, Sleep Is the Enemy, contributing vocals to the track "Invisible". He would again collaborate with Danko Jones on their 2008 album Never Too Loud, appearing on the track "Forest for the Trees" along with Pete Stahl.

Garcia has worked on a solo project under the moniker "Garcia Vs Garcia", which was originally slated for a September 2008 release but has since been delayed indefinitely.

In 2008, John Garcia collaborated with Belgian band Arsenal on their album Lotuk, contributing lyrics and vocals to two tracks, "Not a Man" and "Diggin' a Hole". The band members of Arsenal also shot a film documenting the making of the album, including footage of Garcia driving around in his hometown.

In 2012, Garcia appeared on the Mondo Generator album, Hell Comes to Your Heart, providing backing vocals on two of its tracks, "Won't Let Go" and "The Last Train".

On July 25, 2014, he released his debut solo album, John Garcia.

In 2017, Garcia released his second solo album, The Coyote Who Spoke in Tongues.

In early 2019, he released his third solo album under the name John Garcia and the Band of Gold. Garcia has since toured under the moniker alongside the lineup of guitarist Ehren Groban, bassist Mike Pygmie, and drummer Greg Saenz.

Discography
Solo
 * John Garcia (2014)
 * John Garcia / Black Mastiff (2015) "Little Marshall"
 * The Coyote Who Spoke in Tongues (2017)
 * John Garcia and the Band of Gold (2019)

Kyuss

 * Sons of Kyuss (1990)
 * Wretch (1991)
 * Blues for the Red Sun (1992)
 * Welcome to Sky Valley (1994)
 * ...And the Circus Leaves Town (1995)

Slo Burn
 * Amusing the Amazing (1996)

Unida
 * Coping with the Urban Coyote (1999)
 * El Coyote/The Great Divide (unreleased 2001)

Hermano
 * ...Only a Suggestion (2002)
 * Dare I Say... (2004)
 * Live at W2 (2005)
 * ...Into the Exam Room (2007)

Vista Chino
 * Peace (2013)

Guest appearances
 * Supafuzz                     – Supafuzz (1998) "You Don't Even Know Me", "Mr. Policeman"
 * Misdemeanor                  – Five Wheel Drive EP (1999) "Love Song"
 * Mondo Generator              – Cocaine Rodeo (2000) "Simple Exploding Man"
 * Metallic Assault: A Tribute to Metallica (2001) "The Thing That Should Not Be"
 * Orange Goblin                – Coup de Grace (2002) "Made of Rats", "Jesus Beater"
 * Gallery of Mites             – Bugs on a Blue Fish (2003) "100 Days (Heron)"
 * The Crystal Method               – Legion of Boom (2003) "Born Too Slow"
 * Biblical Proof of UFO's      – Interstellar Messages (2004) "Passive Aggressive", "Two Minute Warning"
 * Danko Jones                  – Sleep Is the Enemy (2006) "Invisible"
 * Waxy                         – Chainsaw Holiday (2007) "White Walls"
 * Danko Jones                  – Never Too Loud (2008) "Forest for the Trees"
 * Arsenal       – Lotuk (2008) "Not a Man", "Diggin a Hole"
 * Monkey3                      – Undercover (2009) "Watchin' You"
 * Mad City Rockers             – Black Celebration (2009) "Stronger"
 * Karma to Burn                – Appalachian Incantation (2010) "Two Times" (bonus track)
 * Mondo Generator                – Hell Comes to Your Heart (2012) "Won't Let Go", "The Last Train"
 * Steak                – Slab City (2014) "Pisser"
 * Zun                – Burial Sunrise (2016) "Nothing Farther", "All for Nothing", "All That You Say I Am"

title: John Garcia (singer)


text:
Kolchak

Kolchak, Kolçak or Kolčák is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Iliash Kolchak ("Kolchak-Pasha") (fl. before 1710–1743), Moldavian mercenary and military commander
 * Alexander Kolchak (1874–1920), Russian naval commander, head of anti-Bolshevik White forces
 * Eşref Kolçak (1927–2019), Turkish actor
 * Kristián Kolčák (born 1990), Slovak football midfielder

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kolchak


text:
Jacques Dutronc

Jacques Dutronc (born 28 April 1943) is a French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer, and actor. Some of Dutronc's best-known hits include "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" (which AllMusic has called "his finest hour"), "Le Responsable", and "Les Cactus".

Dutronc played guitar in the rock group El Toro et les Cyclones. He wrote successful songs for singer Françoise Hardy in the 1960s before moving on to pursue a successful solo career. His music incorporated traditional French pop and French rock as well as styles such as psychedelic and garage rock. He was also very important in the yéyé music movement and has been a longtime songwriting collaborator with Jacques Lanzmann. According to AllMusic, Dutronc is "one of the most popular performers in the French-speaking world", although he "remains little known in English speaking territories" aside from a cult following in the UK.

He later branched out into film acting, starting in 1973. He earned a César Award for Best Actor for the leading role in Van Gogh, which was directed by Maurice Pialat. He married Hardy in 1981 and together they have a son, guitarist Thomas Dutronc (born 1973); the couple separated in 1988, but never divorced.

Early life
Jacques Dutronc was born on 28 April 1943 at 67 Rue de Provence in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, the home of his parents, Pierre and Madeleine. His father was a manager for the state-run Office of Coal Distribution. Jacques was educated at Rocroy-Saint-Léon elementary school (now a lycée), the École de la Rue Blanche (now a drama school) and then at the École Professionnelle de Dessin Industriel, where he studied graphic design from 1959.

1960s
In 1960, Dutronc formed a band with himself as guitarist, schoolfriend Hadi Kalafate as bassist, Charlot Bénaroch as drummer (later replaced with André Crudot) and Daniel Dray as singer. They auditioned in 1961 for Jacques Wolfsohn, an artistic director at Disques Vogue, who signed them and gave them the name El Toro et les Cyclones. The group released two singles, "L'Oncle John" and "Le Vagabond", but disbanded when Dutronc was obliged to undertake military service.

After being discharged from the army in 1963, Dutronc briefly played guitar in Eddy Mitchell's backing band and was also given a job at Vogue as Jacques Wolfsohn's assistant. In this capacity, he co-wrote songs for artists such as ZouZou, Cléo and Françoise Hardy.

Wolfsohn asked Dutronc to work with Jacques Lanzmann, a novelist and editor of Lui magazine, to create songs for a beatnik singer called Benjamin. Benjamin released an EP in 1966, featuring songs written with Dutronc and a Lanzmann–Dutronc composition, "Cheveux longs" (Long Hair). However, Wolfsohn was disappointed by Benjamin's recording of a song titled "Et moi, et moi, et moi". A second version was recorded, with Dutronc's former bandmate Hadi Kalafate on vocals. Wolfsohn then asked Dutronc if he would be interested in recording his own version. The single reached number 2 in the French charts in September 1966.

Cultural historian Larry Portis describes the arrival of Dutronc on the French music scene, along with that of Michel Polnareff at around the same time, as representing "the first French rock music that can be considered a musically competent and non-imitative incorporation of African-American and African-American-British influences". For Portis, Dutronc marks a break with the literary tradition of French chanson in his creative use of the sounds, rather than just the syntax, of the language.

Dutronc's self-titled debut album, released at the end of 1966, sold over a million copies and was awarded a special Grand Prix du Disque by the Académie Charles Cros, in memoriam of one of its founders. A second single, "Les play boys", spent six weeks at number one and sold 600,000 copies.

Dutronc was one of the most commercially successful French music stars of the late 1960s and early 1970s. During that period, he released seven hit albums and more than 20 singles, including two further number ones: "J'aime les filles" in 1967 and "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" in 1968.

According to music critic Mark Deming: "Dutronc's early hits were rough but clever exercises in European garage rock ... like Dutronc's role models Bob Dylan and Ray Davies, he could write melodies strong enough to work even without their excellent lyrics, and his band had more than enough energy to make them fly (and the imagination to move with the musical times as psychedelia and hard rock entered the picture at the end of the decade)".

1970s
Most of Dutronc's songs up to 1975 were written with Jacques Lanzmann, with only two written solely by Dutronc. Lanzmann's wife Anne Ségalen is also credited on some songs. Dutronc wrote three songs with comic-book writer Fred, whose stories he also narrated for commercial release in 1970. Two songs were written in 1971 by Lanzmann, Franck Harvel and the composer Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, for a TV adaptation of Arsène Lupin. Co-writing credits on Dutronc's self-titled 1975 album are split between Lanzmann, Serge Gainsbourg and Jean-Loup Dabadie.

In 1973, "Et moi, et moi, et moi" was adapted with English lyrics as "Alright Alright Alright" and became a UK No. 3 hit for the group Mungo Jerry.

Also in 1973, Dutronc began a second career as an actor in the film Antoine et Sébastien, directed by Jean-Marie Périer. Dutronc's second film, That Most Important Thing: Love, directed by Andrzej Zulawski, was a major box-office hit in France. In the following years, Dutronc devoted most of his energies toward his acting career, appearing in films directed by Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Lelouch and Maurice Pialat. In 1977, he was nominated for the César Award for best supporting actor, for his role in Claude Sautet's Mado. Steven Spielberg reportedly considered Dutronc to be the best French actor of his generation, and had the role of René Belloq in Raiders of the Lost Ark written with him in mind. Dutronc was not given the role, however, because it transpired that his English was not adequate.

1980s
In 1980, Dutronc began work on a new album under the direction of Jacques Wolfsohn, now an executive at. Wolfsohn proposed that Dutronc write with both Jacques Lanzmann and Serge Gainsbourg. During recording, Wolfsohn proposed to Lanzmann and Gainsbourg that they each work on alternative lyrics to go with one of Dutronc's instrumental demos. Lanzmann objected to being placed in competition against another writer, and dropped out of the project. The resulting album, Guerre et pets ("War and Farts" - a play on the title of Tolstoy's novel), consequently only includes two Lanzmann-Dutronc compositions, and is mainly written by Dutronc and Gainsbourg. The album's lead single, "L'hymne à l'amour", received little airplay because its lyric consists primarily of racial epithets (the opening line, roughly translated, is "gook, wog, towel-head, yid"), and the album was only a moderate commercial success. The follow-up, 1982's C'est pas du bronze, was written with Anne Ségalen, by now divorced from Jacques Lanzmann, and was released to a frosty critical reception.

Dutronc's acting career continued during the 1980s, and he appeared in films such as Malevil and Barbet Schroeder's Cheaters (Tricheurs). In 1987, he released a further album, C.Q.F.Dutronc. Most of the songs were written by Dutronc without a partner, although he collaborated with Etienne Daho on one track and with Jean-François Bernardini of the Corsican folk group I Muvrini on another.

1990s
In 1992, Dutronc was awarded the César for Best Actor for the title role in Maurice Pialat's biopic Van Gogh. Critic Christopher Null commented that Dutronc "manages to embody the obvious manic depression from Van Gogh's later years, all exuding from his scraggly face, sunken eyes, and bony frame... the searing Dutronc is the real reason to sit through the film".

In November 1992, Dutronc played three comeback concerts at the Casino de Paris, highlights from which were released as a film, directed by Jean-Marie Périer and as a live album, Dutronc au Casino. At around this time, Dutronc began work on a new studio album, Brèves rencontres, but work progressed slowly and it was not released until 1995.

During the 1990s, Dutronc appeared in two films by Patrick Grandperret and was nominated for a César Award for best supporting actor in 1999, for his role in Nicole Garcia's ''Place Vendôme.

21st century
Dutronc starred in Claude Chabrol's 2000 film Merci pour le chocolat. He was awarded the Best Actor prize at the 2001 Marrakech International Film Festival and was nominated for the César Award for best actor for his role in Jean-Pierre Améris' C'est la vie. In 2002, he starred in Michel Blanc's Summer Things.

In 2003, Dutronc reunited with Jacques Lanzmann for Madame l'existence, an album described by rock critic Christophe Conte as "surpassing, without much apparent effort, everything that [Dutronc] has created in the last two decades".

In 2005, Dutronc was awarded an Honorary César. Since then, he has appeared in films by directors including Gabriel Aghion and Alain Corneau.

In 2010, Dutronc toured for the first time in 17 years, and released recordings from the tour as a live album and DVD, Et vous, et vous, et vous.

Dutronc's 41st film, Les Francis, was released in 2014.

In November 2014, Dutronc performed a series of concerts with Eddy Mitchell and Johnny Hallyday at Paris Bercy, under the name "Les vieilles canailles" ("The Old Gits"). It was reported that, following these performances, Dutronc intended to begin recording a new album with his son Thomas. Said album, Dutronc and Dutronc, was released November 4, 2022 and features 13 songs originally released by Jacques Dutronc during his early career. Father and son rearranged the songs and both sing on the album.

Reputation and influence
According to a 1979 editorial in the French magazine Rock & Folk, Dutronc is "the one singer who is so closely identified with the 1960s that it has become impossible to talk about them without talking about him". In 1991, "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" was voted the best French-language single of all time in a poll of music critics organised by Le Nouvel Observateur for a TV special broadcast on Antenne 2, beating Jacques Brel's "Ne me quitte pas" into second place.

Dutronc's songs have been covered by Matthieu Chedid, Vanessa Paradis, Mungo Jerry, Etienne Daho, Sylvie Vartan, Miles Kane, the Divine Comedy, Serge Gainsbourg, Black Lips, Zine, the Last Shadow Puppets among others. Dutronc is also mentioned in the lyrics of Jacques Brel's "Vesoul" as well as the Cornershop song "Brimful of Asha".

In 2015, a tribute album was released by Columbia Records with various artists interpreting songs by Jacques Dutronc. The 13-track album titled Joyeux anniversaire M'sieur Dutronc contained performances by artists Julien Doré, Gaëtan Roussel, Zaz, Joeystarr, Nathy (Tüxo), BAGARRE, Thomas Dutronc, Annie Cordy, the duo Brigitte, Miossec, Francis Cabrel, Francine Massiani, Tété and Camélia Jordana in addition to "L'opportuniste" sung by Jacques Dutronc with Nicola Sirkis. The album charted in France and Belgium.

Personal life

Dutronc began a relationship with Vogue label-mate Françoise Hardy in 1967. In 1973, they had a son, Thomas, who grew up to become a successful jazz and pop musician. In 1981, they were married, "for tax reasons", according to Hardy. In 1998, Jacques began a relationship with a stylist whom he had met on the set of the film Place Vendôme. Dutronc and Hardy separated in 1988, but remained married and were reported to have seen each other regularly. Hardy died in 2024.

He currently lives near the town of Monticello, Corsica.

In 2015, Dutronc revealed he had a brief relationship with Romy Schneider that lasted as long as they were shooting the film That Most Important Thing: Love.

title: Jacques Dutronc


text:
User:Chrisvls

A fifth-generation Californian. A snow-skiier. A sailboat racer. A water-skiier. A dad.

As you can see, I did some editing back in 2004 and 2005 and was involved in some interesting discussions when a number of policies were just forming. Am back now, interested in the discussions and work behind the scenes, such as AfD, pending changes, anti-vandalism, and RfC's. And am starting to create more content as I get more experience with how the modern wiki it has become is written.

Worked on Zika articles, and some articles about the San Francisco Bay Area (Tilden Park) and the San Joaquin Delta and hope to eventually bring my old contributions below up to more modern wikipedia standards.

Pages I've added from WikiProject Women scientists/Worklist.
Try it yourself, pick one at random and go for it!

Elizabeth M. Ramsey

Mary Budd Rowe

Asimina Arvanitaki

Other new pages:
Democracy Docket

Emma Hodcroft

2015-16 SWIFT banking hack

Drake's Plate of Brass (featured on the main page 'Did you know?' section)

El Toro (dinghy)

Rulemaking

title: User:Chrisvls


text:
Harry Heine

Harry Heine R.S.M.A. (July 24, 1928 – September 25, 2004) was an artist who specialized in maritime scenes.

Life and work
Heine was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. He lived in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada until his death in 2004.

His career as an artist spanned forty years. He was a member of the Royal Society of Marine Artists, to which he was elected the only Canadian member in 1980. He was a Vice President of the Canadian Society of Marine Artists and of the Federation of Canadian Artists. He was made an Honorary Citizen of the City of Victoria in 1985 and an Honorary Alberta Artist in 1983 in recognition of his contribution to the Visual Arts. He was also a member of the Northwest Watercolour Society.

His work is in many public collections including the Legislative Buildings of the Government of British Columbia; Washington State Arts Commission Collection; Captain Cook Birthplace Museum, England; Mystic Seaport Museum, United States; The Provincial Maritime Museum, B.C.; Government House Collection, B.C.; The Mendel Art Gallery, Saskatchewan; Edmonton Art Gallery and the Alberta Art Foundation.

He painted murals for Expo '86 in Vancouver, Syncrude Canada, the Royal Canadian Legion in Edmonton and the towns of Vegreville, Fort Saskatchewan, Chemainus and Chetwynd. Painting commissions include the Canada I Society (America’s Cup), Telecom Canada, H.M.C.S. Malahat, the Government of B.C. and Beautiful British Columbia Magazine. Other works range from carved murals and ship models to posters and book illustrations. He was made a Life Member of the Sail & Life Training Society and the Vintage Vessel Registry.

Heine shared his techniques through demonstrations, workshops and classes throughout Western Canada and overseas as guest lecturer for P&O Lines’ Swan Hellenic Cruises. From 1986 to 2004 he conducted private painting tours to varied locales in Europe, Asia and North America. His co-host on many of those trips was teacher and watercolourist, his elder daughter Caren Heine. His son Mark is an illustrator and fine artist and his youngest daughter Jennifer is an artist and graphic designer. All three children have been involved in gallery exhibitions with their father, including major retrospectives held at Winchester Galleries in June 2005 and 2007. A further Canadian Legacy exhibition added a third generation, as it included photography by Sarah Heine, Mark's younger daughter. It was held in May 2017 at the MacMillan Arts Centre in Parksville, BC.

Articles

 * Five Artists and the Sea, Sea Magazine. Frances Dayee, auth.
 * On the Water’s Edge, Skyward Magazine.
 * Harry Heine’s Voyage of Discovery, Western Living Magazine. Betty Gibbs, auth.
 * A Suitcase of Sketches, Boulevard Magazine.
 * Of Wind, Sea and Sail, Art Impressions Magazine, Christine Gardner, auth.
 * Charting a Course of Discovery, Maturity Magazine. Alison Gardner, auth.
 * Smithsonian Magazine. Stan Meisler, auth.
 * Beautiful British Columbia Magazine.
 * Editorial: Arts West Magazine.  Carolyn Lieir, Editor.

title: Harry Heine


text:
Henri Salvador

Henri Salvador (18 July 1917 – 13 February 2008) was a French Caribbean comedian, singer and cabaret artist.

Biography
Salvador was born in Cayenne, French Guiana. His father, Clovis, and his mother, Antonine Paterne, daughter of an Indigenous Carib, were both from Guadeloupe, French West Indies. Salvador had a brother, André, and a sister, Alice.

He began his musical career as a guitarist accompanying other singers. He had learned the guitar by imitating Django Reinhardt's recordings, and was to work alongside him in the 1940s. Salvador recorded several songs written by Boris Vian with Quincy Jones as arranger. He played many years with Ray Ventura and His Collegians where he used to sing, dance and even play comedy on stage.

He also appeared in movies including Nous irons à Monte-Carlo (1950), Nous irons à Paris (Jean Boyer's film of 1949 with the Peters Sisters) and Mademoiselle s'amuse (1948).

He is known to have recorded the first French rock and roll songs in 1957 written by Boris Vian and Michel Legrand — "Rock'n Roll Mops", "Rock hoquet, Va t'faire cuire un oeuf, man" and "Dis-moi qu'tu m'aimes rock" — under the artist name of Henry Cording (a play on the word "Recording"). Despite this historical aspect, he never ceased to claim that he disliked rock and roll and even refused to talk about this subject later on.

In the 1960s, Salvador was the host of several popular television variety shows on French TV. In 1964, he scored a hit with "Zorro est arrivé", which was adapted from The Coasters' U.S. hit "Along Came Jones". He is also famous for his rich, catchy laugh, which is a theme in many of his humorous songs. In 1969, Henri Salvador recorded a variation of "Mah Nà Mah Nà" entitled "Mais non, mais non" ("But No, But No" or "Of Course Not, Of Course Not"), with lyrics he had written in French to Piero Umiliani's music.

Henri Salvador and his song "Dans mon île" (1957) were thought to be an influence on Antônio Carlos Jobim in formulating the Brazilian bossa nova style.

Famous Brazilian composer and singer Caetano Veloso made Henri Salvador famous to Brazilian audiences with the song "Reconvexo", in which he says "quem não sentiu o swing de Henri Salvador?" ("who hasn't felt the swing of Henri Salvador?"). Veloso also recorded a version of Salvador's song "Dans mon île".

At the age of 70, Salvador was the voice-over of the crab Sebastian in the 1989 French dubbing of Disney's The Little Mermaid. Recordings of "Embrasse-la" ("Kiss the Girl") can be found on YouTube.

Salvador discovered singers Keren Ann and Art Mengo.

He died of a ruptured aneurysm at his home in the early hours of 13 February 2008. He was 90 years of age. He was buried next to his wife Jacqueline in Père-Lachaise Cemetery.

He was known as a supporter of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. He obtained four seats for life in the Parc des Princes.

Legacy
Henri Salvador continues to be popular today. In 2000, Virgin Records released a CD featuring popular hits such as "Jazz Mediterrannée", which continues to receive regular air play. In 2002, his album Chambre avec vue sold over two million copies. In 2005, Salvador was awarded the Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit, which he received from the acclaimed singer and Minister of Culture, Gilberto Gil, in the presence of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva for his influence on Brazilian culture, particularly on bossa nova, to whose invention he contributed. That same year he took 52nd place in the election of Le Plus Grand Français (The Greatest Frenchman).

Salvador became a commander of the French Légion d'honneur and of the French National Order of Merit. In 2007, he released Révérence on V2 Records, featuring Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso. He then went on to perform the track "La vie c'est la vie" from that album on an episode of the BBC programme Later… with Jools Holland aired on 4 May 2007.

Discography

 * Henri Salvador chante ses derniers succès, Polydor (1955)
 * Henry Cording and His Original Rock and Roll Boys, Philips (1956)
 * Sous les tropiques, Philips (1957)
 * Dans mon île, Barclay (1958)
 * Chanté par Henri Salvador, Barclay (1959)
 * Salvador s'amuse, Barclay (1960)
 * Succès, Philips (1962)
 * Henri Salvador, Philips (1963)
 * Zorro est arrivé, Rigolo (1964)
 * Le travail c'est la santé, Rigolo (1965)
 * Henri Salvador, Rigolo (1967)
 * Salvador, Rigolo (1968)
 * Henri Salvador, Rigolo (1969)
 * Chante Boris Vian, Barclay (1970)
 * Le Petit Poucet, Rigolo (1972)
 * Salvador 77, Rigolo (1977)
 * Henri Salvador, Rigolo (1978)
 * Salvador/Boris Vian, Rigolo (1979)
 * Salvador en fête, Rigolo (1980)
 * Henri, Pathé Marconi (1985)
 * Des goûts et des couleurs, Pathé Marconi (1989)
 * Monsieur Henri, Sony Music (1994)
 * Chambre avec vue, Virgin (2000)
 * Performance !, EMI (Live album, 2002)
 * Ma chère et tendre, EMI (2003)
 * Révérence, V2 (2006)
 * Tant de temps, Polydor (Posthumous album, 2012)

Famous songs

 * "Clopin clopant" (1950)
 * "Maladie d'amour" (1950)
 * "L'abeille et le papillon" (1954)
 * "Je vous'aime" (1955)
 * "Blouse du dentiste" (1956)
 * "Bonjour sourire" (1956)
 * "Le loup, la biche et le chevalier (une chanson douce)" (1957)
 * "Adieu Foulard, adieu Madras" (1957)
 * "Rock 'n Roll Mops" (1957)
 * "Rock Hoquet" (1957)
 * "Dans mon île" (1958)
 * "Une bonne paire de claques" (1958)
 * "Faut rigoler" (1960)
 * "À la claire fontaine" avec Christian Chevallier Et Son Orchestre (1962)
 * "Le lion est mort ce soir" (1962) ("The lion sleeps tonight")
 * "Syracuse" (1962)
 * "Minnie petite souris" (1963) ("Pepino the Italian Mouse")
 * "Monsieur Boum Boum" (1963)
 * "Ma pipe" (1964)
 * "Zorro est arrivé" (1964) (parody of "Along came Jones")
 * "Le travail c'est la santé" (1965)
 * "Juanita banana" (1966)
 * "Mais non, mais non" (1969) (parody of "Mah Nà Mah Nà")
 * "Fugue en rire" (1970)
 * "C'est pas la joie" (1973)
 * "J'aime tes g'nous" (1974) (parody of "Shame, Shame, Shame")
 * "Ouais" (1978)
 * "Blues dingue" (1989)
 * "J'ai vu" (2000)

Last hit single / album Chambre avec vue (2001)

title: Henri Salvador


text:
Fungus the Bogeyman

Fungus the Bogeyman is a 1977 children's picture book by British artist Raymond Briggs. It follows one day in the life of the title character, a working class Bogeyman with the mundane job of scaring human beings. The character and all related properties are now owned by Vivendi's Studiocanal.

Plot
The book follows a typical day for Fungus the Bogeyman, starting when he wakes up and ending just before he falls asleep. As his day progresses, he undergoes a mild existential crisis, pondering what his seemingly pointless job of scaring surface people is really for. He is a member of the Bogey society, which is very similar to British society, but Bogeymen enjoy things which humans (called Drycleaners because of their contrasting environmental preferences) would not be comfortable around; for example darkness, damp, cold and over-ripe food. The book depicts the mundane details of Bogey life in loving detail, with definitions of Bogey slang and numerous annotations concerning the myths, pets, hobbies, literature, clothing and food of the Bogeys.

Much of the humour derives from word play. For example, Bogeymen are shown to enjoy eating and sharing flies in a similar way to human cigarettes; one brand of fly is the "strong French Gallwasp", a pun on the cigarette Gauloises.

Adaptations
Over a period of decades, a number of attempts were made to make a film from the book, which was difficult given its lack of an actual plot. In 2002 the BBC began work on a three-part TV comedy series, which ultimately aired in November 2004 and is available as a DVD, starring Clare Thomas as Jessica White, Martin Clunes as her father and Mak Wilson as Fungus. This Gala Films production with screenplay by author Mark Haddon, featuring live-action humans and animated Bogeys, was nominated for five awards. It tells of how Jessica, a human teenager, finds her way into Bogeydom and meets Fungus and his family. The family has an addition, a daughter named Mucus, and Fungus' son Mould (who featured in the original book) is a teenager going through a rebellious phase: cleaning things instead of dirtying them.

A three-part adaptation, featuring Timothy Spall as the title character, aired on Sky1 in December 2015 and was partly shot at West London Film Studios. This adaption also starred Marc Warren, Keeley Hawes, Joanna Scanlan, Jimmy Akingbola, Paul Kaye, and also Victoria Wood in her final television role before her death in April 2016. It was produced by Andy Serkis's motion-capture studio, The Imaginarium, with Serkis also as the narrator.

A stage production, based on the book, was performed at artsdepot in North London between November 2007 and August 2008. A co-production with Pilot Theatre, the show was directed and adapted by Marcus Romer and designed by Ali Allen.

The book also inspired the song "Bogey Music" by Paul McCartney, which was released on McCartney II. The liner notes state this inspiration, and also claims the song "is the first record made by 'dry cleaners' for the expanding Bogey market."

TV series

 * Fungus the Bogeyman (Original) (28 November 2004 – 12 December 2004)
 * Fungus the Bogeyman (Revival) (27 – 29 December 2015)

title: Fungus the Bogeyman


text:
Swing Riots

The Swing Riots were a widespread uprising in 1830 by agricultural workers in southern and eastern England in protest of agricultural mechanisation and harsh working conditions. The riots began with the destruction of threshing machines in the Elham Valley area of East Kent in the summer of 1830 and by early December had spread through the whole of southern England and East Anglia. It was to be the largest movement of social unrest in 19th-century England.

As well as attacking the popularly-hated threshing machines, which displaced workers, the protesters rioted over low wages and required tithes by destroying workhouses and tithe barns associated with their oppression. They also burned ricks and maimed cows.

The rioters directed their anger at the three targets identified as causing their misery: the tithe system, requiring payments to support the established Anglican Church; the Poor Law guardians, who were thought to abuse their power over the poor; and the rich tenant farmers, who had been progressively lowering workers' wages and introduced agricultural machinery. If captured, the protesters faced charges of arson, robbery, riot, machine-breaking and assault. Those convicted faced imprisonment, transportation and possibly execution.

The Swing Riots had many immediate causes. The historian J. F. C. Harrison believed that they were overwhelmingly the result of the progressive impoverishment and dispossession of the English agricultural workforce over the previous fifty years leading up to 1830. In Parliament, Lord Carnarvon had said that the English labourers were reduced to a plight more abject than that of any race in Europe, with their employers no longer able to feed and employ them. A 2020 study found that the presence of threshing machines caused greater rioting and that the severity of the riots was lowest in areas with abundant employment alternatives and the highest in areas with few alternative employment opportunities.

Name and etymology
The name "Swing Riots" was derived from Captain Swing, the name attributed to the fictitious, mythical figurehead of the movement. The name was often used to sign threatening letters sent to farmers, magistrates, parsons and others. These were first mentioned by The Times on 21 October 1830.

'Swing' was apparently a reference to the swinging stick of the flail used in hand threshing.

Enclosure
Early 19th-century England was almost unique among major nations in having no class of landed smallholding peasantry. The Enclosure Acts of rural England contributed to the plight of rural farmworkers. Between 1770 and 1830, about 6 e6acre of common land were enclosed. The common land had been used for centuries by the poor of the countryside to graze their animals and grow their own produce. The land was now divided up among the large local landowners, leaving the landless farmworkers solely dependent upon working for their richer neighbours for a cash wage. That may have offered a tolerable living during the boom years of the Napoleonic Era, when labour had been in short supply and corn prices high, the return of peace in 1815 resulted in plummeting grain prices and an oversupply of labour. According to the social historians John and Barbara Hammond, enclosure was fatal to three classes: the small farmer, the cottager and the squatter. Before enclosure, the cottager was a labourer with land; after enclosure, he was a labourer without land.

In contrast to the Hammonds' 1911 analysis of the events, the historian G. E. Mingay noted that when the Swing Riots broke out in 1830, the heavily-enclosed Midlands remained almost entirely quiet, but the riots were concentrated in the southern and south-eastern counties, which were little affected by enclosure. Some historians have posited that the reason was that in the West Midlands, for example, the rapid expansion of the Potteries and the coal and iron industries provided an alternative range of employment to agricultural workers.

Critically, J. D. Chambers and G. E. Mingay suggested that the Hammonds exaggerated the costs of change, but enclosure really meant more food for the growing population; more land under cultivation and, on the balance, more employment in the countryside. The modern historians of the riots, Eric Hobsbawm and George Rudé, cited only three of a total of 1,475 incidents as being directly caused by enclosure. Since the late 20th century, those contentions have been challenged by a new class of recent historians. Enclosure has been seen by some as causing the destruction of the traditional peasant way of life, however miserable: "'Enclosure dissipated the haze which surrounded rural poverty and left it nakedly visible as propertyless labour'" Landless peasants could no longer maintain an economic independence and so had to become labourers. Surplus peasant labour moved into the towns to become industrial workers.

Precarious employment
In the 1780s, workers would be employed at annual hiring fairs, or ‘mops’, to serve for the whole year. During that period, the worker would receive payment in kind and in cash from his employer, would often work at his side, and would commonly share meals at the employer's table. As time passed, the gulf between farmer and employee widened. Workers were hired on stricter cash-only contracts, which ran for increasingly shorter periods. First, monthly terms became the norm. Later, contracts were offered for as little as a week. Between 1750 and 1850, farm labourers faced the loss of their land, the transformation of their contracts and the sharp deterioration of their economic situations. By the time of the 1830 riots, they had retained very little of their former status except the right to parish relief, under the Old Poor Law system.

Additionally, there was an influx of Irish farm labourers in 1829, who had come to seek agricultural work which contributed to reduced employment opportunities for other farming communities. Irish labourers would find themselves being threatened from the beginning of the riots the following year.

Poor Laws
Historically, the monasteries had taken responsibility for the impotent poor, but after their dissolution in 1536 to 1539, responsibility passed to the parishes. the Act of Settlement in 1662 had confined relief strictly to those who were natives of the parish. The poor law system charged a Parish Rate to landowners and tenants, which was used to provide relief payments to settled residents of the parish who were ill or out of work. The payments were minimal, and at times, degrading conditions were required for their receipt. As more and more people became dependent on parish relief, ratepayers rebelled ever more loudly against the costs, and lower and lower levels of relief were offered. Three "one-gallon" bread loaves a week were considered necessary for a man in Berkshire in 1795. However provision had fallen to just two similarly-sized loaves being provided in 1817 Wiltshire. The way in which poor law funds were disbursed led to a further reduction in agricultural wages since farmers would pay their workers as little as possible in the knowledge that the parish fund would top up wages to a basic subsistence level (see Speenhamland system).

Tithe System
To that mixture was added the burden of the church tithe. This was the church's right to a tenth of the parish harvest. The tithe-owner could voluntarily reduce the financial burden on the parish either by allowing the parish to keep more of their share of the harvest. Or the tithe-owner could, again voluntarily, commute the tithe payments to a rental charge. The rioters had demanded that tithes should be reduced, but this demand was refused by many of the tithe-owners.

Industrialisation
The final straw was the introduction of horse-powered threshing machines, which could do the work of many men. They spread swiftly among the farming community and threatened the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of farmworkers. Following the terrible harvests of 1828 and 1829, farm labourers faced the approaching winter of 1830 with dread.

Riots
Starting in the south-eastern county of Kent, the Swing Rioters smashed the threshing machines and threatened farmers who owned them. The first threshing machine to be destroyed was during Saturday night, 28 August 1830 at Lower Hardres. By the third week of October, more than 100 threshing machines had been destroyed in East Kent. The riots spread rapidly and systematically - following pre-existing road networks - through the southern counties of Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex and Hampshire before they spread north into the Home Counties, the Midlands and East Anglia. Originally, the disturbances were thought to be mainly a southern and East Anglian phenomenon, but subsequent research has revealed just how widespread Swing riots really were, with almost every county south of the Scottish border involved.

In all, sixty percent of the disturbances were concentrated in the south (Berkshire 165 incidents, Hampshire 208, Kent 154, Sussex 145, Wiltshire 208); East Anglia had fewer incidents (Cambridge 17, Norfolk 88, Suffolk 40); and the Southwest, the Midlands and the North were only marginally affected.

Tactics
The tactics varied from county to county, but typically, threatening letters, often signed by Captain Swing, would be sent to magistrates, parsons, wealthy farmers or Poor Law guardians in the area. The letters would call for a rise in wages, a cut in the tithe payments and the destruction of threshing machines, or people would take matters into their own hands. If the warnings were not heeded local farm workers would gather, often in groups of 200 to 400, and would threaten the local oligarchs with dire consequences if their demands were not met. Threshing machines would be broken, workhouses and tithe barns would be attacked and the rioters would then disperse or move on to the next village. The buildings containing the engines that powered the threshing machines were also a target of the rioters and many gin gangs, also known as horse engine houses or wheelhouses, were destroyed, particularly in south−eastern England. There are also recorded instances of carriages being held up and their occupants robbed.

Other actions included incendiary attacks on farms, barns and hayricks in the dead of night, when it was easier to avoid detection. Although many of the actions of the rioters, such as arson, were conducted in secret at night, meetings with farmers and overseers about the grievances were conducted in daylight.

Despite the prevalence of the slogan "Bread or Blood", only one person is recorded as having been killed during the riots, which was one of the rioters by the action of a soldier or farmer. The rioters' only intent was to damage property. Similar patterns of disturbances and their rapid spread across the country were often blamed on agitators or on "agents" sent from France, where the revolution of July 1830 had broken out a month before the Swing Riots had begun in Kent.

Despite all of the different tactics used by the agricultural workers during the unrest, their principal aims were simply to attain a minimum living wage and to end rural unemployment.

A 2021 study that examined how information and diffusion shaped the riots found "that information about the riots traveled through personal and trade networks but not through transport or mass media networks. This information was not about repression, and local organizers played an important role in the diffusion of the riots".

Trials
The landowning class in England felt severely threatened by the riots and responded with harsh punitive measures. Nearly 2,000 protesters were brought to trial in 1830–1831; 252 were sentenced to death (though only 19 were actually hanged), 644 were imprisoned and 481 were transported to penal colonies in Australia. Not all rioters were farm workers since the list of those punished included rural artisans, shoemakers, carpenters, wheelwrights, blacksmiths and cobblers. One of those hanged was reported to have been charged only because he had knocked the hat off the head of a member of the Baring banking family. Many of the protesters who were transported had their sentences remitted in 1835.

Social, economic and political reform
Eventually, the farmers agreed to raise wages, and the parsons and some landlords reduced the tithes and rents. However, many farmers reneged on the agreements, and the unrest increased.

Many people advocated political reform as the only solution to the unrest, one of them being the radical politician and writer William Cobbett. The authorities had received many requests to prosecute him for the speeches that he had made in defence of the rural labourer, but it was for his articles in the Political Register that he was eventually charged with seditious libel. He wrote an article, The Rural War, about the Swing Riots. He blamed those in society who lived off unearned income at the expense of hard-working agricultural labourers; his solution was parliamentary reform. During his trial in July 1831 at the Guildhall, he subpoenaed six members of the cabinet, including the prime minister. Cobbett defended himself by going on the attack. He tried to ask the government ministers awkward questions supporting his case, but they were disallowed by the Lord Chief Justice. However, he was able to discredit the prosecution's case, and at great embarrassment to the government, he was acquitted.

A major concern was that the Swing Riots could spark a larger revolt. That was reinforced by the 29 July 1830 revolution in France, which overthrew Charles X, and the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands later in 1830. The support for parliamentary reform was on party lines, with the Tories against reform and the Whigs having proposed changes well before the Swing riots. The farm labourers who were involved in the disturbances did not have a vote, but it is probable that the largely landowning classes, who could vote, were influenced by the Swing Riots to support reform.

Earl Grey, during a House of Lords debate in November 1830, suggested the best way to reduce the violence was to introduce reform of the House of Commons. The Tory Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, replied that the existing constitution was so perfect that he could not imagine any possible alternative that would be an improvement. When that was reported, a mob attacked Wellington's home in London. The unrest had been confined to Kent, but during the following two weeks of November, it escalated massively by crossing East and West Sussex into Hampshire, with Swing letters appearing in other nearby counties.

On 15 November 1830, Wellington's government was defeated by a vote in the House of Commons. Two days later, Earl Grey was asked to form a Whig government. Grey assigned a cabinet committee to produce a plan for parliamentary reform. Lord Melbourne became Home Secretary in the new government. He blamed local magistrates for being too lenient, and the government appointed a Special Commission of three judges to try rioters in the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Wiltshire and Hampshire.

Parliamentary Acts
The riots were a major influence on the Whig government. They added to the strong social, political and agricultural unrest throughout Britain in the 1830s, encouraging a wider demand for political reform, culminating in the introduction of the Great Reform Act, 1832. The act was the first of several reforms that over the course of a century transformed the British political system from one based on privilege and corruption to one based on universal suffrage and the secret ballot. In domestic elections before the Great Reform Act of 1832, only about three per cent of the English population could vote. Most constituencies had been founded in the Middle Ages and so the newly-industrial northern England had virtually no representation. Those who could vote were mainly the large landowners and wealthy commoners.

The Great Reform Act was followed by the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, ending "outdoor relief" in cash or kind and setting up a chain of designedly unwholesome workhouses covering larger areas across the country to which the poor had to go if they wanted help.

title: Swing Riots


text:
Talk:Terence McKenna

"Novelty theory is considered pseudoscience"
This phrase is in the lede, but only supported by no-name sources that probably violate WP:RS. I have the inclination to remove this statement from the lede, due to lack of WP:RS. I shouldn't have to say this, but I believe the statement to be true, or "true enough" as Terence liked to say, but we are here to follow WP:RS, WP:V, and WP:NPOV. Find a RS that supports this statement. MarshallKe (talk) 00:53, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

 * The problem is that niche pseudoscience isn't going to have explicit criticism by WP:RS as they simply won't bother. A lot of credible science doesn't even get critical evaluation. Novelty theory is in "not even wrong" territory, it relies on false descriptions of history, misapplications of mathematics, denial of physics all to defend an illogical premise. I think that by looking at this we can see that it easily meets the requirement of "Obvious pseudoscience". JSory (talk) 02:06, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I'm not even certain calling it pseudoscience is enough given that it was barely scientific to begin with. TBase2 (talk) 15:08, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The bias and general hostile tone of the sources [10, 11] is suspect and not illuminating. Grammatical errors and repetitive insults (prophet of nonsense) undermines the value of these "sources." I do not think the statement "novelty theory is pseudoscience" is backed up effectively at all by the sources indicated. 2600:8800:7299:6E00:C1BD:FED:360A:4235 (talk) 17:00, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 October 2023
Thank you for reviewing. Terence directly addresses concerns his views may be considered "mystical" in the clip linked below (fast forward to the end), as he currently is labeled "a mystic" in the first sentence of this Wikipedia article:

"Now I've been accused of mysticism... ... ... And worse."

Is it accurate to label McKenna a mystic, given his frequent criticism of gurism of all kinds, including "Swami Contempo or Guru Garagekey"? Walkingsocialcatalyst (talk) 19:01, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not letting me link to McKenna recordings on YouTube here Walkingsocialcatalyst (talk) 19:28, 12 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Pinchme123 (talk) 04:03, 13 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Please remove "mystic" as a label because McKenna was not only not a mystic, but also he mocked being thought of as a mystic (search YouTube for the Peculiar Humor of Terence McKenna (Part 1). 143.178.181.54 (talk) 22:02, 13 October 2023 (UTC)
 * To remove the label, you would you have to be convincing that NO sources labelled him as such. We don't decide he is a mystic or not, the sources do, we just print what they print.  Dennis Brown - 2¢ 22:31, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Terence McKenna


text:
William Paterson (explorer)

Colonel William Paterson, FRS (17 August 1755 – 21 June 1810) was a Scottish soldier, explorer, Lieutenant Governor and botanist best known for leading early settlement at Port Dalrymple in Tasmania. In 1795, Paterson gave an order that resulted in the massacre of a number of men, women and children, members of the Bediagal tribe.

Early years
A native of Montrose, Scotland, Paterson was interested in botany as a boy and trained in horticulture at Syon in London. Paterson was sent to the Cape Colony by the wealthy and eccentric Countess of Strathmore to collect plants, he arrived in Table Bay on board the "Houghton" in May 1777. He made four trips into the interior between May 1777 and March 1780, when he departed. In 1789 Paterson published Narrative of Four Journeys into the Country of the Hottentots and Caffraria, which he dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks.

Career
Paterson was originally commissioned as an ensign in the 98th Regiment of Foot and served in India. He later transferred to the 73rd Regiment of Foot after the 98th's disbandment in 1787. In 1789, he was promoted to captain in the New South Wales Corps, serving under Major Francis Grose. After some time spent recruiting, he arrived in Sydney in October 1791. From November 1791 until March 1793 he served in command on Norfolk Island. Whilst there he collected botanical, geological and insect specimens and sent them to Banks. He also provided seed to the Lee and Kennedy and Colvill nurseries. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1798.

In 1794 he served for a year as Lieutenant Governor of New South Wales. In 1800 he was re-appointed to the post and served a second term until 1808.

In May 1795, following the alleged killing of two settlers Paterson ordered two officers and 66 soldiers to:

"destroy as many (Aboriginal Australians) as they could meet with ... in the hope of striking terror, to erect gibbets in different places, whereon the bodies of all they might kill were to be hung ..."

Seven or eight Bediagal people were killed. A crippled man, some children and five women (one being heavily pregnant) were taken to Sydney as prisoners. One of the women and her baby had serious gunshot wounds. The child died not long after as did the newborn baby of the pregnant woman.

In 1801, Paterson fought a duel with John Macarthur and was wounded in the shoulder. He led an expedition to the Hunter Region in 1801 and up the Paterson River (later named in his honour by Governor King). The expedition discovered coal in the area that would later become the vast South Maitland Coalfields; it was a discovery of great economic significance. In 1804, he led an expedition to Port Dalrymple, in what is now Tasmania, exploring the Tamar River and going up the North Esk River farther than European had previously gone.

Between 1804 and 1808 Paterson was also appointed Commandant at Port Dalrymple, the administrator of the colony in the north of Van Diemen's Land. In 1806, Paterson's duties as commander of the New South Wales Corps required him to return to Sydney, but he went back to Van Diemen's Land in 1807, and stayed until December 1808. During this time he corresponded regularly with the eminent naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, sending a number of specimens.

The New South Wales Corps selected Paterson as acting Governor of New South Wales on 1 January 1809 after the deposition of Governor Captain William Bligh in the so-called "Rum Rebellion." He was replaced by the newly arrived Lachlan Macquarie by the end of the year. He left Sydney for England on 12 May 1810, but died on board HMS Dromedary while off Cape Horn just a few weeks later.

His widow Elizabeth married Francis Grose, Paterson's predecessor as Lieutenant Governor, in April 1814, but Grose died a month later. Elizabeth died in Liverpool, England in 1839.

title: William Paterson (explorer)


text:
Linwood

Linwood may refer to:

Places
Many of the place names for Linwood come from the presence of linden trees.

Australia

 * Linwood, South Australia
 * Linnwood, Guildford, 11-35 Byron Road, Guildford, New South Wales

Canada

 * Linwood, Ontario
 * Linwood, Nova Scotia

New Zealand

 * Linwood, New Zealand
 * Linwood (New Zealand electorate)
 * Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch
 * Linwood College
 * Linwood Islamic Centre
 * Linwood North School

United Kingdom

 * Linwood, Hampshire, England
 * Mary Linwood Comprehensive School, Leicester, England
 * Linwood, Lincolnshire, England
 * Linwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland
 * Linwood High School

United States

 * Linwood Elementary School (Georgia), Warner Robins, Georgia
 * Linwood, Indiana
 * Linwood Cemetery (Dubuque), Iowa
 * Linwood, Kansas
 * Linwood Elementary School (Kansas), Wichita, Kansas
 * Linwood (Jackson, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in East Feliciana Parish
 * Linwood (Richmond, Kentucky), home of Brutus J. Clay II
 * Linwood, Carroll County, Maryland
 * Linwood Historic District (Linwood, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
 * Linwood, Howard County, Maryland
 * Linwood, Massachusetts
 * Linwood Historic District (Northbridge, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
 * Linwood, Michigan
 * Linwood Lake, Minnesota, in Saint Louis County
 * Linwood Township, Anoka County, Minnesota
 * Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri
 * Linwood Shopping Center, Kansas City, Missouri
 * Linwood, Nebraska
 * Linwood Site, in Linwood, Nebraska, listed on the NRHP in Butler County
 * Linwood Township, Butler County, Nebraska
 * Lin-Wood Public School, serving Lincoln and Woodstock, New Hampshire
 * Linwood, New Jersey in Atlantic County
 * Linwood Historic District (Linwood, New Jersey), listed on the NRHP in Atlantic County
 * Linwood Public Schools
 * Linwood, Bergen County, New Jersey
 * Linwood (York, New York), listed on the NRHP in Livingston County, N.Y.
 * Linwood, North Carolina
 * Linwood Yard, railroad yard
 * Linwood Female College, near Gastonia, North Carolina
 * Linwood, Cincinnati, Ohio
 * Linwood Park, a private resort park in Vermilion, Ohio
 * Linwood, Pennsylvania
 * Linwood, Utah
 * Linwood, Wisconsin
 * Linwood Springs Research Station, Stevens Point, Wisconsin
 * Linwood, West Virginia

Antarctica

 * Linwood Peak

Other uses

 * Linwood (name)
 * Linwood bank robbery (1969), Linwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland

title: Linwood


text:
Panama national football team

The Panama national football team (Selección de fútbol de Panamá) represents Panama in men's international football and is governed by the Panamanian Football Federation. The team represents all three FIFA, CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF.

Panama qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time for the 2018 tournament in Russia and scored their first goal of the World Cup against England, although they lost the match 6–1. They finished bottom of their group.

Panama finished as runners-up at the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2005, 2013 and 2023, losing to the United States on the former two occasions and to Mexico in the latter. Panama has also competed in the sub-regional Copa Centroamericana which they won in 2009, beating Costa Rica in the final (0–0 on full-time, 5–3 on penalties). They finished in third place on three occasions (1993, 2011, 2014), and finished as runners-up behind Honduras in the 2017 edition, which they hosted.

The national team is nicknamed "Los Canaleros" (lit. 'The Canal Men'), in reference to the Panama Canal.

2011 Gold Cup
In the 2011 Gold Cup, Panama was placed into Group C with Canada, United States, and Guadeloupe. They debuted with a 3–2 win over Guadeloupe. In the next match, they beat the United States 2–1. Then they tied 1–1 against Canada, winning their group for the first time in the Gold Cup. They played against El Salvador in the quarter-finals, beating them 5–3 on penalties. They played against the United States again, this time in the semi-finals, although they lost 1–0.

2013 Gold Cup
In the 2013 Gold Cup, Panama began with a 2–1 win over Mexico, with Gabriel Torres scoring both goals. In the second match, Panama beat Martinique 1–0 with Gabriel Torres scoring the only goal. With two victories, they secured their qualification to the knockout stages. Already being qualified, they tied 0–0 against Canada securing the first place in their group. They easily beat Cuba 6-1 and qualified for the semi-finals with Blas Pérez and Gabriel Torres scoring two goals each. They faced Mexico again in the semifinals and beat them 2–1 to advance to the final for the second time in the competition against the United States, which was their opponent in the 2005 final and beat them on penalties. The Panamanians could not get their revenge on them and lost 0–1 with a goal from Brek Shea.

2014 World Cup qualifying
Panama came close to advancing out of the fourth round of qualifiers for the 2014 World Cup. In their last match, which was against the United States, they led 2–1 after 90 minutes and were assured to advance to a play-off against New Zealand, but conceded two goals in stoppage time and were eliminated, with Mexico taking the playoff slot instead.

2015 Gold Cup
In the 2015 Gold Cup, Panama was drawn into Group A, along with the United States, Haiti, and Honduras. All of their games were a 1–1 draws. However this was enough to advanced to the knockout stage as the best ranked third place. In the quarter-finals, they played against Trinidad and Tobago, drawing 1–1 after 90 minutes and defeating them 6–5 on penalties. They advanced to the semi-finals against Mexico; Roman Torres scored on behalf of Panama and Andres Guardado scored for Mexico. The first 90 minutes ended in a 1–1 draw; Panama was then defeated 2–1 in extra time after referee Mark Geiger gave Mexico a penalty, which Andres Guardado also scored. With this result, Panama earned the chance to play the third place playoff against the United States. The score was 1–1 after extra time and Panama won 3–2 on penalties, giving them third place. Mexico ended up defeating Jamaica in the final to crown themselves champions.

2018 World Cup qualifying
Four years after failing to qualify for the 2014 World Cup, Los Canaleros finally qualified for the World Cup after defeating Costa Rica 2−1 in their final qualifying match, which meant that the United States, who lost to Trinidad and Tobago 2–1, failed to qualify for the first time since 1986. Román Torres, who scored the winning goal in the 87th minute, was subsequently considered a national hero. The day after the match, the President of Panama Juan Carlos Varela declared a national holiday to commemorate the achievement, stating on his Twitter profile: "The voice of the people has been heard... Tomorrow will be a national holiday".

2018 World Cup
The national football team of Panama were drawn in Group G, together with European giants Belgium and England and the African side Tunisia. Their debut World Cup match was against Belgium, on 18 June 2018. Los Canaleros initially held on, with the score 0–0 at half-time, before eventually suffering a 3–0 loss. Six days later, Panama faced England, and this time succumbed to a 6–1 defeat; Felipe Baloy's late goal was the nation's first at a World Cup, but it was not enough to save them from elimination. A 2–1 loss to Tunisia in their final game meant that Panama finished bottom of their group - and 32nd and last in the tournament overall - having lost all three of their games and conceded eleven goals.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Managers

 * Caretaker managers are listed in italics.

 * Romeo Parravicini (1938)
 * 🇵🇪 Manuel Sánchez Durán (1941)
 * 🇵🇦 Emel Ospino (1946)
 * Óscar Rendoll Gómez (1946, 1951)
 * 🇵🇦 Óscar Suman Carrillo (1949)
 * 🇨🇴 Gilberto Casanova (1950)
 * 🇦🇹 Moses Stern (1950)
 * 🇵🇦 Rogelio Díaz (1952)
 * 🇵🇦 Emel Ospino (1956)
 * 🇪🇸 José Bech Casablanca (1961, 1967)
 * 🇦🇷 Raúl "Che" Álvarez (1963–64)
 * 🇵🇦 Luis Carlos Ponce (1967)
 * Néstor Valdez Moraga (1969)
 * Renato Panay (1976)
 * 🇦🇷 Omar Muraco (1978)
 * Edgardo Bone Baldi (1979)
 * Luis Borghini (1980)
 * 🇵🇦 Rubén Cárdenas (1980)
 * 🇵🇦 Orlando Muñoz (1984, 1995)
 * 🇦🇷 Carlos Cavagnaro (1984)
 * 🇦🇷 Juan Colecchio (1986–1987)
 * Miguel Mansilla (1987–1988, 1990, 1999–2000)
 * Gustavo de Simone (1992)
 * 🇨🇴 César Maturana (1995–96)
 * 🇨🇴 Óscar Aristizábal (1999)
 * 🇵🇦 Ezequiel Fernandez (2000)
 * 🇵🇦 Leopoldo Lee (2000)
 * Mihai Stoichiță (2001)
 * 🏴 Billy Stenning (2001–02)
 * 🇧🇷 Carlos Alberto da Luz (2002–03)
 * 🇨🇴 José Eugenio Hernández (2004–05)
 * 🇵🇦 Julio Dely Valdés (2006)
 * 🇵🇦 Víctor René Mendieta (2006)
 * Alexandre Guimarães (2006–08)
 * 🇵🇦 Gary Stempel (2008–09)
 * 🇵🇦 Julio Dely Valdés (2010–13, 2019)
 * 🇨🇴 Hernán Darío Gómez (2014–2018)
 * 🇵🇦 Gary Stempel (2018–2019)
 * 🇦🇷 Américo Gallego (2019–2020)
 * 🇪🇸 Thomas Christiansen (2020–present)

Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2024 Copa America.

Caps and goals correct as of 6 July 2024, after the match against Colombia.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up within the past year.

INJ Withdrew due to injury / absent form the nationaltea due to injury. COV Withdrew due to COVID-19 PRE Preliminary squad. RET Retired from the national team. SUS Serving Suspension. WD Withdrew for personal reasons.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Panama.
 * Players in bold are still active with Panama.

Copa América

 * 1 Ecuador 1993 was the first time nations from outside the CONMEBOL were invited.
 * 2 United States 2016 was the first time nations from outside the CONMEBOL could qualify and host.

Head-to-head results
Updated as of 28 June 2024.

Honours

 * CONCACAF Gold Cup
 * Runners-up: 2005, 2013, 2023
 * Third place: 2011, 2015

 * Copa Centroamericana
 * Champions: 2009
 * Runners-up: 2007, 2017
 * Third place: 1993, 2011, 2014

 * CCCF Championship
 * Champions: 1951
 * Third place: 1948

FIFA World Ranking
Last update was on 24 December 2022. Source:

Best Ranking  Worst Ranking   Best Mover   Worst Mover

title: Panama national football team


text:
Keren Ann

Keren Ann Zeidel (קרן אן זיידל born 10 March 1974), known professionally as Keren Ann (קרן אן), is an Israeli and Dutch singer, songwriter, composer, producer, and engineer based largely in Paris, Tel Aviv, and New York City. She plays guitar, piano, and clarinet. She also engineers and writes choir and musical arrangements.

Early life
Keren Ann Zeidel was born in Caesarea, Israel, to a Russian-Jewish father and a Dutch-Javanese mother. She lived in Israel and in the Netherlands until the age of 11, when her family moved to Paris.

Career
Keren Ann has released eight solo albums: La Biographie de Luka Philipsen (2000), La Disparition (2002), Not Going Anywhere (2003), Nolita (2005), Keren Ann (2007), 101 (2011), You're Gonna Get Love (2016) and Bleue (2019). Many of her songs have been covered by other artists, including Henri Salvador, Jane Birkin, Francoise Hardy, Rosa Passos, Jacky Terasson, Emmanuelle Seigner, Benjamin Biolay and Anna Calvi. Her music has been featured in TV series including Grey's Anatomy, Six Feet Under and Big Love, and in movies including Love Me No More (2008). Her song "Beautiful Day" has been the sound of the "Skyteam" campaign, and in 2008 her song "Lay Your Head Down" was the synch for the international H&M Spring commercial.

Keren Ann and Icelandic musician Barði Jóhannsson formed the musical duo "Lady & Bird"; the two released a self-titled studio album in 2003, as well as a live recording of their performance with the Iceland Symphony Orchestra in 2009. The two co-wrote the 2011 opera Red Waters; it was produced by the Opéra de Rouen and directed by Arthur Nauzyciel, and performed in four opera houses around France.

Keren Ann co-wrote Henri Salvador's 2000 album Chambre Avec Vue, and wrote the lyrics for Sophie Hunter's 2005 debut album Isis Project, to music written by Guy Chambers. In 2008, Keren Ann composed, with Tibo Javoy, the entire sound design for the European TV channel Arte. She co-wrote and co-produced, with Doriand, Emmanuelle Seigner's 2010 album Dingue.

She contributed to the soundtrack of the French film Thelma, Louise et Chantal (2010), directed by Benoît Pétré, including cover versions of French songs from the 1960s. She also contributed six songs to the Israeli film Yossi (2012), directed by Eytan Fox, as well as appearing onscreen as herself, performing a music concert.

Personal life
Although she has lived and recorded mostly in France and the US, Keren Ann retains her Dutch and Israeli citizenship. She is fluent in English, Hebrew, and French.

In July 2012, Keren Ann gave birth to her first child, Nico.

Collaborations and scores

 * Chambre Avec Vue with Henri Salvador at Source-Virgin France (2000)
 * Lady and Bird, with Bardi Johannsson at Labels (2003)
 * Isis Project with Guy Chambers and Sophie Hunter at Sleeper Music UK (2004)
 * ARTE New Sound with Tibo Javoy
 * La Ballade of Lady & Bird with Icelandic Symphonic Orchestra at EMI
 * Dingue for Emmanuelle Seigner with Doriand at Sony Music France
 * Thelma, Louise et Chantal original score
 * Red Waters, opera, with Bardi Johannsson (2011)
 * "Soleil Bleu" / Sylvie Vartan @ Sony Music France (2011)

TV soundtracks

 * Grey's Anatomy ("Not Going Anywhere")
 * Skyteam Advertisement ("Beautiful Day")
 * Six Feet Under ("Jardin D'hiver")
 * Big Love ("L'onde Amere")
 * The L Word ("Do What I Do") (Lady & Bird)
 * TGV Advertisement ("Malmo Lives") (Lady & Bird)
 * H&M Advertisement ("Lay Your Head Down")
 * Daewoo Motor Sales Iaan Advertisement ("Right Now & Right Here")
 * Orange Advertisement ("Lay Your Head Down")
 * Galia Advertisement ("Right Now & Right Here")
 * Nurse Jackie ("My Name is Trouble")
 * Normal People ("Strange Weather")
 * Baby Reindeer ("My Name is Trouble")

title: Keren Ann


text:
GWN7

GWN7 was an Australian television network serving all of Western Australia outside metropolitan Perth. It launched on 10 March 1967 as BTW-3 in Bunbury. It was an affiliate of the Seven Network and served one of the largest geographic television markets in the world—almost one-third of the continent. The network's name, GWN, is an acronym of Golden West Network, the network's name from 1979 to when the current name was adopted in 2011.

In 2021, GWN7's parent company Prime Media Group merged with Seven and the brand was retired in 2022.

Origins
GWN began life as a group of smaller, independent stations:

 * 10 March 1967: BTW–3 Bunbury
 * 28 August 1968: GSW–9 Mount Barker – relay
 * 29 August 1974: GSW–10 Albany – relay
 * 18 June 1971: VEW–8 Kalgoorlie
 * 29 November 1971: VEW–3 Kambalda – relay
 * 21 January 1977: GTW–11 Geraldton

Prior to these stations signing on, remote Western Australia had been one of the few areas of Australia without local television; the only television outlets in the area were relays of ABC Television out of Perth.

Jack Bendat purchased South West Telecasters (owner of BTW/GSW) in 1979, and changed the company's name to Golden West Network. GWN applied to broadcast an additional service on 31 October 1984, when the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal called for applications to broadcast to Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands via satellite as part of the Remote Commercial Television License (RCTS) scheme. GWN was granted the Remote Commercial Television License (RCTS) in June 1985 and the service went to air on 18 October 1986 using the call-sign WAW.

Not long after, GWN continued to expand within Western Australia, acquiring Mid-Western Television (owner of VEW-8 Kalgoorlie) in December 1985 for A$7 million, and Geraldton Telecasters (owner of GTW-11) in March 1987 for an undisclosed amount. The takeovers gave the network a monopoly over all commercial television services in regional Western Australia. In 1987, Bendat and Kerry Stokes merged their media interests into joint company BDC Investments. Later that year, Northern Star Holdings purchased BDC for A$206 million. Northern Star were forced to sell GWN to satisfy existing media regulations. GWN was sold back to Stokes in December 1988 for A$54 million, who upgraded equipment throughout the network. In April 1990, the callsigns BTW and GSW were merged, to become SSW. During the late 1980s, GWN was promoted as GWN Satellite Television and aired programs from mostly the Nine Network plus a few from Seven and Ten with STW's Channel Nine (later National Nine) News (from Perth) providing the national news link.

1990s to the 2000s
Kerry Stokes gained control of the Seven Network in 1995, and attempted to sell GWN to Seven in return for more shares. Seven Network shareholders agreed to the trade in April 1996 – a deal which would have seen Seven acquire GWN for A$72.8 million thus becoming the regional network affiliate for Western Australia. The arrangement was called off when the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission found that a 15-year exclusive programming deal GWN made with the Nine Network was anti competitive and opposed the acquisition. The Seven Network subsequently dropped their plans to purchase GWN. And as a result, the network soon ended its programming deal with Nine for exclusive broadcast of its shows in regional areas of the state.

Prime Television purchased GWN in November 1996 from Stokes for A$71 million. Remote Western Australia was one of the few areas of regional Australia that was not aggregated, given its small population. This ended in 1997, when WIN Television was granted the rights to a second television license in regional Western Australia, ending GWN's monopoly of all three Australian commercial channels. In March 1999, GWN opted to become a sole Seven Network affiliate, in-line with its eastern sister, Prime Television. As a result, WIN Television WA picked up both the Nine Network and Network 10 affiliations.

The network's transmission operations were moved from Bunbury to Prime Media Group's digital broadcast facility in Canberra in April 2005. Programming was delivered to regional Western Australia via a satellite feed.

A proposal for a third television station – a joint venture between GWN's parent company Prime Media Group and WIN Corporation – was submitted to the Australian Communications & Media Authority in 2006. Similar to Mildura Digital Television, the new channel will operate under a Section 38B licence, as a Network 10 affiliate named Ten West.

2010 and beyond
The new decade saw the introduction of digital television, with the Central Wheatbelt, Kalgoorlie, Karratha and Mingenew digital transmitters launching on 10 June 2010. The broadcasters shared a single digital transmitter for GWN, WIN WA and the new Ten West in standard definition.

On 15 January 2011, Prime Media Group reported that GWN and Prime were to rebrand to GWN7 and Prime7 respectively, in connection to their strong relations with the metropolitan stations of the Seven Network. Their news bulletins were quickly renamed as GWN7 News and Prime7 News. These bulletins were relaunched on 16 January 2011 at 5:57pm.

Digital transmitter upgrades continued on 28 July 2011, with Bunbury and surrounds being introduced to the full suite of digital channels for the first time, including 7two and 7mate. On 30 July 2011, the regional networks began broadcasting on the Viewer Access Satellite Television platform.

On 12 February 2018, GWN7's master control facilities (transmission and technical operations) were transferred to Prime Media's national playout centre in Canberra, with the WA facilities beamed through satellite and microwave links. Playout of GWN7's programming was later transferred to Mediahub located at Sydney's suburb of Ingleburn (which houses playout for ABC Television and WIN Television), before once again transferred to a facility operated by Australia's telco provider Telstra (shared with hybrid-funded broadcaster SBS Television).

2021: Merger with Seven
On 1 November 2021, Seven West Media announced that it would acquire all the shares and subsidiaries of Prime Media Group. This was SWM's second attempt at purchasing Prime Media, after its previous attempt in 2019 was thwarted by Australian Community Media boss Antony Catalano and rival WIN Corporation owner Bruce Gordon, citing Seven's debt problems at the time and its poor ratings performance as the reason for their refusal. Prime shareholders approved the deal on 23 December, with the sale completed on 31 December. This development would mark an end to the GWN brand name after 33 years in favour of Seven Network's branding and would see its statewide news service carrying the Seven News brand. Prior to this, GWN (alongside its sister Prime) was the only commercial network affiliate not carrying full metro network branding across promotions and programming, in contrast to WOW's owner WIN which carries the Nine Network branding full-time since its return to carrying Nine's programming in 2021. On 23 May 2022, Seven West Media announced that the current branding of GWN7 will be unified into Seven Network branding across the station including for GWN7 Local News officially remains as retiring the GWN7 name. On 25 July 2022, the GWN7 brand was retired.

Programming
Since becoming a full Seven affiliate, GWN7's on-air schedule had become almost identical to that of its metropolitan counterpart, TVW in Perth. Seven News Perth was aired live across the network direct from Perth. GWN7 also produced a weeknightly local news service, GWN7 Local News, shown live at 5:30pm. Since the network's inception, it has featured a broad range of original regional programming, including the children's program Doopa's Club featuring the station mascot Doopa Dog; as well as community service strand GWN7 InfoNet, a series of short updates listing local community events.

GWN7 Local News
GWN7 Local News (now Seven News Regional WA, previously known as Golden West News or GWN News) was the network's regional news service. Its main 30-minute program, airing live at 5:30pm on weeknights before Seven News Perth, dealt primarily with local news and current affairs. The bulletin was presented by Noel Brunning with news and sport; and Shauna Willis with weather. As of March 2012, GWN7 produced the only dedicated local news program for regional Western Australia.

The bulletin was produced and broadcast from GWN7's Spencer Street newsroom in Bunbury CBD with reporters and camera crews also based at newsrooms in Perth, Albany, Kalgoorlie, Karratha, Geraldton and Broome.

Since Seven's acquisition of Prime Media would mean GWN7 News and Seven News will fall under one corporate umbrella, it is unclear if the network makes changes to its regional WA news production, since Seven West Media's headquarters are located in Perth's suburb of Osborne Park (where Seven O&O TVW produces news content for the city and the state of WA).

In July 2022, the GWN7 Local News branding has been retired and now falls under the Seven News Regional WA brand.

Availability
GWN7 was available statewide in digital terrestrial and digital satellite format. The full suite of digital services, including 7TWO, 7mate, ishop TV and RACING.COM, were available in all areas with digital transmissions.

Below is a table showing the logical channel numbers (LCN) for the full suite of digital services.

Terrestrial
Digital terrestrial transmissions were available in all populated cities and major towns of regional Western Australia. Analog terrestrial services ceased transmission statewide on 25 June 2013.

Satellite
Digital satellite transmissions were available direct-to-home on the Viewer Access Satellite Television platform in areas that were not covered by adequate terrestrial transmissions.

Logos
The Golden West Network became a network in 1986, with a shared logo produced and used across the regional stations, featuring the letters GWN inside an outlined oval surrounded by an orbiting ring. This logo was used across the network until 1995, when a new logo was introduced with the removal of outlined oval surrounding the letters GWN. Following this, 2001 saw the launch of a new simplified yellow logo, with the removal of the orbiting ring. This logo was launched concurrently with a similarly design logo on Prime Television. Following the 2011 relaunch, a new logo was introduced which features the Seven Network logo. The relaunch logo featuring Seven Network was revised in 2013 from multi colour to be a single colour logo.

title: GWN7


text:
Patsy Palmer

Julie Anne Merkell (née Harris; born 26 May 1972), known professionally as Patsy Palmer, is an English actress and DJ, known for her roles as Natasha in the children's drama series Grange Hill (1985–1987), and Bianca Jackson in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1993–1999, 2008–2014, 2019, 2024) which earned her the British Soap Award for Best Actress.

Early life
Palmer was born and grew up in Bethnal Green, London where she attended Globe Primary School and then nearby at Haggerston Girls Secondary School. She was brought up along with her two elder brothers, Albert and Harry, by her mother Pat. She also has half siblings named Georgia and Berty. Palmer's father, Albert Harris, was Irish. Her mother first spotted her acting talent and encouraged her to go to Anna Scher's acting school in London. Palmer was bullied at school, and has said that acting was a form of escape. At age six, she appeared in a West End production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.

Early career
Upon enrolling at the Anna Scher Theatre school, and learning about an accomplished actress already with the name Julie Harris, Palmer adopted her current name by using her mother's maiden name and changing her given name to her mother's pet name, Patsy. Palmer made her screen debut in the television programme The Gentle Touch in 1984. Like many other EastEnders actors, Palmer appeared on the children's drama show Grange Hill between 1985 and 1987. She went on to have small roles in BBC's Tricky Business (1989), Making News (1990), Clarissa (1991), Love Hurts (1992), Drop the Dead Donkey (1993), and The Bill (1993). She also appeared as an acne-ridden teenager in a 1989 Clearasil advert, and in a 1992 BT advert with other future EastEnders star Jake Wood.

EastEnders
In 1993, she was cast in the role of feisty Bianca Jackson in BBC's soap opera, EastEnders. Bianca's on-screen marriage to Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) in 1997 drew one of the biggest soap audiences ever — more than 22 million. She remained in the role for six years, but quit in 1999 to spend more time with her family and to concentrate on other projects. She reprised the role in May 2002 in a special entitled, EastEnders: Ricky and Bianca. The two-part, hour-long special was filmed in Manchester, which reunited Bianca and Ricky for the first time in over two years.

In 2005, Palmer publicly criticised EastEnders, branding the storylines ridiculous and unbelievable and stating that she "wouldn't go back to EastEnders". However, in October 2007 the BBC announced that Palmer would be returning to the soap as a full-time character; she made her comeback on-screen in April 2008. Palmer has commented "I can't wait to explore what Bianca has been doing with her life and seeing what she is going to get up to next", and EastEnders executive producer, Diederick Santer, added, "I'm delighted to welcome Patsy Palmer home to EastEnders. Bianca is one of the most popular characters the show has ever had". In 2014, Palmer announced that she was leaving the series. She reprised the role again in the autumn of 2019 for a short stint. In February 2020, it was announced that Palmer would be reprising her role as Bianca again, with scenes set to air later in the year. However, this was later cancelled due to the Coronavirus pandemic restrictions. In January 2024 it was announced that she would be returning for a short storyline in Spring 2024.

Other work
Palmer made a guest appearance on the Christmas Day 1993 episode of Top of the Pops introducing 'No Limit' by 2 Unlimited with presenter Mark Franklin.

Palmer worked on the first series of OK TV with Fiona Phillips in 1999. In the first episode of the series she was shown at a beauty salon where she got her hair shampooed and interviewed Lindsey Coulson, who played her fictional mother Carol Jackson in EastEnders. In 1999, Palmer made a cameo appearance as herself in an episode of Kathy Burke's sitcom, Gimme Gimme Gimme; it made light of her role as Bianca Jackson. She appeared as Clare in the detective series McCready and Daughter, which aired for a pilot and one series between 2000 and 2001. She made an appearance in He Knew He Was Right for the BBC in 2004, and in 2001 she was seen in the television mini-series Do or Die, which aired on Sky One.

On stage she has starred in the one-woman musical Tell Me On A Sunday, which toured the UK, and played in London's West End. She also had a leading role in a UK tour of the musical Steppin' Out, appeared in the original West End run of Mum's the Word, and acted in We Happy Few by Imogen Stubbs, which played a short run at the Gielgud Theatre.

Palmer stood in for GMTV's Lorraine Kelly, presenting her Lorraine Live section for a week in 1999, reporting from Miami on fashion, lifestyle, health and fitness. She has also co-hosted Channel 4's Big Breakfast as a guest presenter for a week. Palmer has released a number of hit fitness videos and DVDs: Patsy Palmer – The Club Workout (2000), Patsy Palmer – The Urban Workout (2002) and Patsy Palmer's Ibiza Workout (2002). In 2006 Palmer made an appearance in the charity fitness DVD The Allstar Workout. Palmer's film work includes the shorts Love Story (1999) directed by Nick Love, and Another Green World (2005) directed by Peter Chipping.

In 2005, Palmer took part in BBC's Strictly Come Dancing show, to raise money for the Children in Need fund. She has also made a cameo appearance with Catherine Tate's sketch show The Catherine Tate Show. In February 2007, she was a jury member on the BBC programme The Verdict, where various celebrities ruled on a contemporary and controversial case, based on evidence and examples from real life.

Palmer's autobiography All of Me was released in the UK on 5 April 2007. In the book, she described her ascent to fame, her struggle with addiction and how she battled to overcome her problems. In 2003, in addition to acting, Palmer and her friend, Charlotte Cutler went into business with marketer Ken Wells and a Kent-based chemical company, to create "Palmer Cutler", selling beauty and self-tanning products.

In 2008, a short film starring Palmer was released by housing and homelessness charity Shelter. Palmer has been DJing since 2012, including in United States since 2017. In January 2020, Palmer appeared as the Butterfly on the ITV reality singing competition The Masked Singer. In March, Palmer participated in the third series of The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off. In December, she appeared as a guest on The One Show in an episode dedicated to the late Barbara Windsor. In 2023, Palmer was a contestant on the fifteenth series of Dancing on Ice. She was paired with Matt Evers and the pair were fourth to be eliminated.

Personal life
Palmer is close friends with Sid Owen (Ricky Butcher) and Danniella Westbrook (Sam Mitchell). Palmer has been married twice and has four children, including Charley Palmer Rothwell. For 10 years, starting in 2004, she lived with her husband and children in Western Terrace and then Kemptown, Brighton, England. Her brother, Harry Harris, is married to Lindsey Coulson, the actress who played her on-screen mother Carol Jackson in EastEnders. In April 2014, Palmer and most of her family moved to Malibu, California.

Palmer has said that she has been a drug- and alcohol-addict, and that during her 1990s stint on EastEnders she frequently turned up on set either high or hungover. She has said that she started experimenting with alcohol and drugs from the age of 10 and her addiction lasted for 24 years. In 2010, she stated that she had been clean of drugs and alcohol since September 2004 and that "We don't have drink in our house".

Palmer suffered from bullying during her school years. Because of this she lent her support to the Department for Education's anti-bullying campaign in 2000. She is an active patron of Children's Cancer Charity CLIC Sargent.

Awards and nominations
1996:
 * Nominated 'Most Popular Actress' at the National Television Awards

2000:
 * Won 'Best Actress' at the TV Quick/TV Choice Awards
 * Won 'Best Actress' at the Inside Soap Awards
 * Won 'Best Actress' at The British Soap Awards
 * Nominated 'Best On-Screen Partnership alongside Sid Owen at The British Soap Awards

2008:
 * Nominated 'Best Storyline' at the Inside Soap Awards for "Bianca's Return"

2009:
 * Nominated 'Favorite Soap Actress' at the TRIC Awards
 * Nominated 'Best Dramatic Performance' at the British Soap Awards.

2010:
 * Nominated 'Best On-Screen Partnership' alongside Sid Owen at the British Soap Awards

title: Patsy Palmer


text:
User:AaronSw/Books every citizen must read

 * Understanding Power, Noam Chomsky (the large picture of society)
 * companion film: Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media, Mark Achbar
 * Moral Mazes, Robert Jackall (how corporations really work)
 * companion film: Brazil, Terry Gilliam
 * Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich (how the other half lives)
 * companion film: [still looking]

Other great books

 * The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, Mark Haddon

Chomskyites

 * Noam Chomsky
 * Edward Said
 * Howard Zinn
 * Ed Herman
 * Amy Goodman
 * Michael Albert
 * Chalmers Johnson
 * William Blum
 * Anthony Arnove
 * Alexander Cockburn

 * Z Magazine


text:
German Langshan

The German Langshan is a breed of chicken developed from the exported Croad Langshan in Germany. It is a large, robust breed of exceptional height. Though most often raised for show, it has practical application as a layer and meat bird, as well. The standard-sized German Langshan is uncommon in both the United States and the United Kingdom, but the bantam form is popular in the latter.

History
The Croad Langshan was first shipped to the United Kingdom in 1969, and thence to Germany. Along with the Minorca and Plymouth Rock, the Croad Langshan was used in the creation of the German Langshan. Through selective breeding, this resulted in a brown-tinted fowl, distinctly different from other Langshan varieties which are normally only recognised as having white, black or blue feathering. The German Langshan's creation was completed by the early twentieth century.

Appearance

The German Langshan is a large, heavy chicken: roosters weigh about 9 pounds or 4 kilograms. The chickens have a contoured back and a relatively small tail. With its long legs and upright posture the breed's profile is often likened to a wine glass. They have a single comb. As said above, their legs are bare.

Colors
The German Langshan is most often found in only three colours: Black, Blue, and White; others are known, but are rather rare.

Characteristics
German Langshans are strong, vital chickens that grow up fast. They lay cream-colored eggs which are quite large. Their weight hinders flight. They can be tamed without much difficulty.

title: German Langshan


text:
User:CanSpice

Brad Cavanagh

Software Engineer

title: User:CanSpice


text:
Asterism (gemology)

An asterism is a star-shaped concentration of light reflected or refracted from a gemstone. It can appear when a suitable stone is cut en cabochon (i.e. shaped and polished, not faceted).

A gemstone that exhibits this effect is called a star stone or asteria. The best known is star sapphire, but many other minerals can also be asteria, usually due to impurities in the crystal structure.

Archetype
The archetypal asteria is the star sapphire, generally corundum with near uniform impurities which is bluish-grey and milky or opalescent, which when lit has a star of six rays. In the red instance stellate reflection is rarer; the star-ruby occasionally found with the star-sapphire in Sri Lanka is among the most valued of "fancy stones". Other examples are star-topaz (8 rays) and star diopside (4 rays); star garnets may display four-rayed or six-rayed asterisms.

Description
Asterism is generated by reflections of light from twin-lamellae or from extremely fine needle-shaped acicular inclusions within the stone's crystal structure. A common cause is oriented sub-microscopic crystals of rutile within the gem mineral.

It occurs in rubies, sapphires, garnet, diopside, and spinel when a cabochon is cut from a suitable stone. Star sapphires and rubies display the property from titanium dioxide impurities (rutile) present in them. The star-effect or "asterism" is caused by the difference in refractive index between the host material and that of the dense inclusions of tiny fibers of rutile (also known as "silk"). Rutile causes the relative bright relief of a star in a host material such as corundum, which has a refractive index between 1.760 and 1.778, much lower than that of rutile. The stars are caused by the light reflecting from needle-like inclusions of rutile aligned perpendicularly to the rays of the star. The star-effect may be also caused by the inclusions of hematite. In black star sapphire hematite needles formed parallel to the faces of the second order prism produce asterism. Some star sapphires from Thailand contain both hematite and rutile needles forming a 12-ray star.

Star-stones were formerly regarded with much superstition. Pliny the Elder's example is consistent with a moonstone; he described it as a colourless stone from India within which was the appearance of a star shining with the light of the moon. However, since rutile is present in most common star gemstones, these are almost never completely transparent.

A distinction can be made between two types of asterism:
 * Epiasterism, such as that seen in sapphire and most other gems, is the result of a reflection of light on parallel arranged inclusions inside the gemstone.
 * Diasterism, such as that seen in rose quartz, is the result of light transmitted through the stone. In order to see this effect, the stone must be illuminated from behind. Rose quartz also exhibits epiasterism.

title: Asterism (gemology)