text:
Nicky Hager

Nicolas Alfred Hager (born 1958) is a New Zealand investigative journalist. He has produced seven books since 1996, covering topics such as intelligence networks, environmental issues and politics. He is one of two New Zealand members of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.

Early life
Hager was born in Levin to a middle-class "socially aware" family. His father was from Vienna, Austria, a clothing manufacturer who emigrated to New Zealand as a refugee from the Nazis. His mother was born in Zanzibar (part of Tanzania), where her father studied tropical medicine, and later grew up in Kenya and Uganda. His surname Hager is pronounced Har-gar, rhyming with lager.

Hager studied physics at Victoria University of Wellington, where he also did an honours degree in philosophy. He stood as a Values Party candidate for Pahiatua in the 1978 general election.

Early career
After graduating from university, Hager worked at the ecology division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and later worked with his brother-in-law building and renovating houses.

Journalism career
Hager is an investigative journalist who has written seven books. , the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), an international network that has 249 investigative reporters in over 90 countries, has Hager as one of only two New Zealand members.

Hager works on a number of projects at any given time, gathering information about them and looks for sources and mentors. Some projects "come together" but others can continue for a number of years.

Secret Power
Secret Power: New Zealand's Role in the International Spy Network, published in 1996, was Hager's first book.

The book investigates various spying techniques, including signals intelligence (Sigint), a form of electronic eavesdropping between countries. The information was taken from interviews with staff in New Zealand's Sigint agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), who revealed the workings of the agency in minute detail: the intelligence targets, equipment, operating procedures, security systems and training, as well as the staff and layout of the intelligence agency's facilities. The book makes special mention of GCSB's facilities at Waihopai and Tangimoana.

It revealed aspects of New Zealand's participation in the UKUSA Agreement facilitating intelligence gathering and sharing between the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Since the Edward Snowden revelations, this partnership has become more commonly known as the Five Eyes.

As a result, the insights into the inner workings of the GCSB provide information about the allied agencies as well. In particular, Hager documented the US-coordinated ECHELON system, through which the five agencies intercept and process huge volumes of international e-mail, fax and telephone communications. Hager was one of the earliest to write about the secretive ECHELON worldwide electronic spy network. As a result of his book, in 2001 he testified before the European Parliament on his research into the network.

The book contained two forewords, one written by former New Zealand Prime Minister David Lange and one by Jeffrey T. Richelson, a leading author on U.S. intelligence agencies and the author of the books America's Secret Eyes in the Sky and The Ties That Bind.

Secrets and Lies
Secrets and Lies: The Anatomy of an Anti-Environmental PR Campaign was co-authored with Bob Burton and published in 1999. It documents the public relations information put out by Timberlands West Coast Limited in order to win public support for logging of native forests on the West Coast of New Zealand.

The material is based on a large amount of documentation leaked by a staff member from the local branch of Shandwick (now Weber Shandwick Worldwide), a global public relations company, which had been hired by Timberlands to run a secret campaign against environmental groups such as Native Forest Action between 1997 and 1999.

The book describes its tactics of surveillance of meetings, monitoring the press and responding to every letter to the editor, greenwashing, the use of strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPPs), cleaning anti-logging graffiti and blotting out campaign posters in public places, and managing to install its pro-logging educational materials into schools.

The year after the book's publication, the new Labour government passed the Forests (West Coast Accord) Act 2000, which halted the logging of publicly owned native forests and provided a $120 million transition package for the West Coast economy.

Seeds of Distrust
Seeds of Distrust: The Story of a GE Cover-up was a study of government processes and decision-making under New Zealand's Labour-led government. The book details an incident in November 2000, during the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, when government officials were alerted to evidence of an accidental release of genetically modified corn plants, which was illegal under New Zealand law. The book traces the stages of industry lobbying and government decision making leading up to a decision to regard the incident as insignificant and keep it secret from the public.

The book was released in July 2002, just as a snap election was called, and helped make genetically modified organisms a major election issue.

At a media conference of government officials convened immediately after the book's release, the Chief Executive of the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Barry Carbon, conceded that the book was largely accurate but disputed the interpretation of the material.

The Christchurch newspaper The Press studied the official documents and concluded: "So who's telling the truth, Hager or the Government? Officials at a special briefing for journalists last week memorably commented that they did not disagree with most of Hager's facts, just his conclusions. That is unsurprising, given that the conclusions that can be drawn are not palatable ones. The documents raise some serious questions about the level of open government New Zealand really has and the strength of our much-vaunted biosecurity regime."

The Hollow Men
In November 2006 Hager's book The Hollow Men: A Study in the Politics of Deception was published. The book details a wide range of National Party internal party documents including emails which were leaked by six National Party insiders. The documents were written by the party leader Don Brash and a wide range of people associated with him.

The origin of the book was the exposing of Exclusive Brethren secret funding of National Party election advertising during the 2005 general election. It describes the National Party strategy discussions and the techniques the party advisors used to try to win the 2005 national elections. The thinking behind major speeches, media management, election advertising and election messages is shown in the participants' own words. Many of the party's previously anonymous major donors are identified and relations with them are documented.

The book was initially prevented from being published when Brash obtained an injunction preventing anyone from publishing material from emails that had been stolen from him. At the time Brash was unaware that Hager had completed and was about to launch his book. However, on 23 November 2006, Brash announced his resignation from the leadership of the National Party. The following day he had the injunction lifted, allowing the book to be released.

The Hollow Men was made into a theatrical piece by playwright Dean Parker. Hager assisted with the feature-length documentary of the book, made by Alister Barry, that was released in July 2008.

Other People's Wars
In August 2011 Hager published Other People's Wars, an investigation into New Zealand's role in the "War on Terror". Using leaked military information, Hager highlights the difference between what New Zealand was told about its role in Afghanistan and Iraq, and what the leaked documents show.

The book demonstrates the role of public relations in blurring the lines between the idea of military as a public service and the agendas that the New Zealand Defence Force was orchestrating for foreign interests. Hager concludes that New Zealand needs greater accountability and neutrality in its armed forces.

It was recognised internationally, with investigative journalist Seymour Hersh stating in a review, "Nicky Hager has more knowledge and understanding of the American intelligence world in Afghanistan – both its good and its very bad points – than any reporter I know."

Other People’s Wars was also adapted into a play by Dean Parker in 2012.

In late November 2022, the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) apologised to Hager and paid NZ$66,400 in compensation and legal fees after it illegally accessed his phone records in 2012. The spy agency believed that a member of the Defence Force had illegally provided Hager with information for his book Other People's War. The NZSIS had seized two months' worth of his home phone's metadata in an attempt to track down the NZDF member. Ultimately, the phone data found no link between Hager and the suspected NZDF member. In August 2019, the acting Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security found that the spy agency had no reasonable grounds for suspecting espionage and had failed to exercise caution when investigating Hager's source.

Dirty Politics
In August 2014, Hager published Dirty Politics: How attack politics is poisoning New Zealand’s political environment, featuring leaked emails between National Party figures and right-wing bloggers. According to Hager the book aims to tell the story of "how attack politics is poisoning NZ's political environment".

Among the claims in the book are that during the 2011 election campaign a right-wing blogger, Cameron Slater, who is the son of former National Party President John Slater, obtained a database of Labour Party members, emails and donations which were used to attack the Labour Party. Also in 2011 the PM's office used its knowledge of secret SIS documents to tip off a right-wing blogger and arrange an attack on Labour leader Phil Goff, and drafted Official Information Act requests for a right-wing blogger to use in other attacks.

In mid-June 2018, Hager accepted an apology and compensation for "substantial damages" from the New Zealand Police for raiding his home in 2014 as part of their investigation into the hacking that led to the Dirty Politics book. The Police also acknowledged accessing his financial records as part of the apology settlement.

Jordan Williams' lawsuit against Colin Craig
On 21 September 2016, Nicky Hager was subpoenaed by Colin Craig's lawyers to testify as part of the latter's defence in a defamation suit filed by Jordan Williams, the co-founder of the New Zealand Taxpayers' Union. Hager had initially volunteered to give evidence, however decided he did not want to after Mr Williams gave evidence in relation to Craig's treatment of his former press secretary, Rachel MacGregor. Craig gave evidence that he had read Hager's book Dirty Politics before producing his pamphlet Dirty Politics and Hidden Agendas, which was found to have defamed Williams. Hager took the stand as an expert witness and alleged that publications linked to Jordan Williams on Cameron Slater's blog attacked Craig and followed a similar pattern that had been documented in his book. After testifying for fifteen minutes, Hager was not cross-examined by Williams' lawyers and was allowed to leave by the judge.

Hit & Run
In March 2017, Hager and fellow journalist Jon Stephenson published Hit & Run: The New Zealand SAS in Afghanistan and the meaning of honour. The book explored the New Zealand Special Air Service's involvement in Operation Burnham, a retaliatory military raid on two Afghan villages, Naik and Khak Khuday Dad, in Afghanistan's Tirgiran Valley in August 2010. The NZSAS soldiers had attacked a village while pursuing Taliban fighters following the death of a New Zealand soldier in a roadside bomb. According to Hager and Stephenson, none of the fighters were found but 15 civilians were wounded and six killed. The authors asserted that the NZSAS actions could be considered war crimes and alleged a cover up by the New Zealand Defence Force.

The New Zealand Defence Force Chief Lieutenant-General Tim Keating challenged the book's accuracy and denied that NZ forces had operated in the Naik and Khak Khuday Dad villages. He asserted that the raid had taken place at the nearby "Tirgiran Valley village" and that the raid was carried out to protect New Zealand's Provincial Reconstruction Team in neighbouring Bamiyan Province. In response, the Tirgiran Valley villagers' lawyers including Richard McLeod responded that "Tirgiran Valley village" did not exist and challenged Keating's assertions. Hager and Stephenson acknowledged getting the exact location of the villages wrong but asserted that other information including the villages' names were correct. In late March 2017, the Tirgiran Valley villagers' lawyers McLeod, Rodney Harrison, and Deborah Manning requested that the New Zealand Government undertake a formal inquiry into the events at Naik and Khak Khuday Dad villages.

Hager and Stephenson's book attracted considerable media coverage and commentary in New Zealand. University of Otago law professor Andrew Geddis opined that Operation Burnham damaged the NZDF's trust and credibility. Left-wing blogger Martyn "Bomber" Bradbury supported Hager and Stephenson's assertions that New Zealand forces had committed war crimes. The conservative blogger Matthew Hooton, Amnesty International New Zealand's Executive Director Grant Bayldon, and Fairfax political editor Tracey Watkins supported calls for an independent inquiry into New Zealand war crimes. The-then Prime Minister Bill English rejected calls for an inquiry into NZSAS actions on the grounds of inaccuracies in Hit & Run. In August 2017, the Afghan villagers' three lawyers took the New Zealand Government to court over its refusal to hold an inquiry into Operation Burnham.

Following the formation of a new Labour-New Zealand First-Greens coalition government after the 2017 general election, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Defence Minister Ron Mark announced in early November that they would hold an inquiry into the allegations raised by Hit & Run. On 13 March 2018, the New Zealand Defence Force confirmed that the location of an Afghan village mentioned in the book Hit & Run was the same place where the NZSAS raid Operation Burnham took place but maintained that claims of civilian casualties were "unfounded." On 19 March, the NZDF confirmed that the photos published in Hit & Run were taken in the same location where Operation Burnham had taken place.

On 9 April 2018, the Chief Ombudsman Peter Boshier ruled in favour of the New Zealand Defense Force's decision to withhold most of the information relating to Operation Burnham. On 11 April, Attorney-General David Parker announced that the Government would be holding an inquiry into Operation Burnham and the allegations in Hit & Run.

IGIS Reference Group
On 16 April 2018, Nicky Hager was appointed as a member of the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security's Reference Group, an advisory group of journalists, lawyers, academics, and advocates that would scrutinise the legality of the actions of New Zealand's intelligence agencies, the NZSIS and GCSB. Hager's appointment was criticised by the National Party's GCSB and NZSIS spokesperson Gerry Brownlee, who pointed to his previous criticism of the NZSIS.

Honours and awards
In the 2023 King's Birthday and Coronation Honours, Hager was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to investigative journalism.

Personal life
Hager lives in Wellington in a house that he built from parts of demolished houses with money inherited from his parents.

title: Nicky Hager


text:
Agile

Agile may refer to:

 * Agile, an entity that possesses agility

Project management

 * Agile software development, a development method
 * Agile construction, iterative and incremental construction method
 * Agile learning, the application of incremental and iterative methods to learning processes
 * Agile manufacturing, an organization able to respond quickly to customer needs and market changes
 * Agile management, the application of the principles of Agile software development and lean management to various management processes
 * Agile marketing, flexible and adaptable marketing using agile constructs

Military

 * AIM-95 Agile, an air-to-air missile
 * HMS Agile, a never-built Amphion-class submarine
 * Project AGILE, a 1960s ARPA program
 * USS Agile, two minesweepers

Other uses

 * AGILE (satellite) (Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero), an astronomical satellite of the Italian Space Agency
 * Agile (horse) (born 1902), American thoroughbred racehorse, winner of the 1905 Kentucky Derby
 * Agile (producer) (born 1975), Canadian hip-hop music producer
 * Agile, a member of the X-Hunters in the video game Mega Man X2
 * Chevrolet Agile, a subcompact car
 * Wallis WA-116 Agile, a 1960s British autogyro, used in the James Bond film You Only Live Twice
 * Agile (species group), a wasp species complex in the genus Pison
 * AGILE (Aircraft 3rd Generation MDO for Innovative Collaboration of Heterogeneous Teams of Experts) was an H2020 European funded project

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Agile


text:
Montauban-de-Picardie

Montauban-de-Picardie (, literally Montauban of Picardie; Montaubin-d'Picardie) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Its inhabitants are called Montalbanais in French.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D64 road, some 20 mi northeast of Amiens.

First World War
The village lies on the First World War battlefield of the Somme. Montauban lay close behind the German front-line and was turned into a fortified strongpoint. On 1 July 1916, the first day on the Somme, the village was seized by the British 30th Division in one of the few successful British advances of the day. In the village itself there is a monument to the Liverpool and Manchester 'Pals', who, as part of the 30th Division, were the first to reach the village.

title: Montauban-de-Picardie


text:
Temminck's lark

Temminck's lark (Eremophila bilopha) or Temminck's horned lark, is a bird species of the family Alaudidae. It breeds across much of north Africa, through northern Saudi Arabia to western Iraq. It is mainly resident, but some populations of this passerine bird are partially migratory, moving further south in winter. This bird's common name commemorates the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The population is declining in Israel and may also be declining elsewhere, probably as a result of habitat loss. Nevertheless, this is a common bird in many parts of its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Taxonomy and systematics
Temminck's lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda before being re-classified to Eremophila.

Description
Unlike most other larks, Temminck's lark is a distinctive looking species on the ground, similar to the other, larger, member of its genus, the horned lark. The 14 to 15 cm adult is mainly reddish brown-grey above and pale below, and it has a striking black and white face pattern and a distinctive black patch on its breast. The summer male has black "horns", which give this species its alternative name. The juvenile of this species is reddish above and pale below, quite unlike the juvenile horned lark. The adult Temminck's lark differs from the horned lark in its reddish, rather than brown-grey plumage, and the lack of yellow in the face pattern. It has a similar but less harsh metallic call.

Distribution and habitat
Temminck's lark is native to North Africa and the Middle East. Its range includes Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

This lark is a bird of open stony semi-desert. Its nest is on the ground, with two to four eggs being laid. Its food is seeds supplemented with insects in the breeding season.

title: Temminck's lark


text:
Talk:Self Monitoring and Repair Technology

Ok now I feel really dumb. If you can't find much info about something on Goggle, there is probably a good reason. Anyway I should of researched a little more. I wish there was a delete button on here.


text:
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for North, Central America and the Caribbean. A total of 34 teams took part (out of 35 eligible – only Puerto Rico declined to participate), competing for 3.5 places in the World Cup.

The qualification process was divided in four stages. In the first stage, the 34 teams were divided in 10 groups of three teams each and two groups of two teams each. Groups with three teams had two rounds, with the best ranked team according to FIFA in each group entering the competition in the second round. In each group, teams were paired 2-by-2 and played home-and-away matches.

The 12 winners of the second stage advanced to the third stage, where they were divided into three groups of four teams each. Teams in each group would play against each other home-and-away, and the two teams with most points in each group would advance to the final round.

In the fourth stage, the six teams were put in a single group, and played against each other home-and-away. The three teams with most points qualified to the World Cup. The fourth placed team advanced to the AFC–CONCACAF play-off against the winner of a play-off between third placed teams in the third round of Asia.

Format
The first and second rounds reduced the 34 entrants to 24 and 12 teams, respectively. The remaining 12 teams were then placed into three third round groups of four, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the fourth and final qualification group. The third round began in August 2004 and ended in November 2004. The top three teams from the fourth round group of six (held from February 2005 to October 2005) qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The fourth-placed team competed in a home-and-away play-off against the fifth-placed team from Asia.

First round

 * }

Second round

 * }

Inter-confederation play-offs
The Fourth Round fourth-placed team then played the fifth-placed team of the AFC qualifying group, Bahrain, in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals.

Qualified teams
The following four teams from CONCACAF qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.

Top goalscorers
Below are full goalscorer lists for each round:

 * First round
 * Second round
 * Third round
 * Fourth round


text:
Tullamarine Freeway

The Tullamarine Freeway (commonly referred to as The Tulla), is a major urban freeway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, linking Melbourne Airport to the Melbourne City Centre. It carries up to 210,000 vehicles per day and is one of Australia's busiest freeways. The entire stretch of the Tullamarine Freeway bears the designation M2 (previously Metro Route 43 from 1989 to early 2018).

Route
The Tullamarine Freeway starts just outside Melbourne Airport, where it intersects with Sunbury Road, and runs southeast as a six-lane dual-carriageway freeway through Gladstone Park, eventually meeting with the Western Ring Road in a major interchange. Heading further south as eight lanes, it skirts the western and southern boundaries of Essendon Airport through Airport West, where it meets the Calder Freeway and widens further to ten lanes. East of the intersection with Bulla Road, it officially becomes CityLink's Western link, running south to eventually meet the West Gate Freeway in Port Melbourne: before being subsumed into CityLink in 1999, the southern end of the Tullamarine Freeway ran south through the Moonee Ponds Creek reserve to terminate just north of central Melbourne in Parkville.

The section through Airport West is frequently congested due to the combination of freight traffic to/from the Hume Highway (accessed from the Western Ring Road interchange), and traffic to/from the airport. The usual peak period travel time is between 19 and 30 minutes. It is usually around 19 minutes for the majority of the daylight hours inbound, because at the southern end of CityLink there is only one lane to merge with the West Gate Freeway city-bound, hence slowing traffic over the Bolte Bridge section. However, during times of extreme congestion, including being residual due to an incident, the travel time can well exceed half an hour.

History
The Tullamarine Freeway is one of the oldest freeways in Melbourne. The core of the freeway through Airport West began as a deviation of Lancefield Road from the north-west of Essendon Airport, constructed during the 1945/46 financial year as a new single carriageway along the western and southern boundaries of the airport, east of the existing service road (today Matthews Avenue) and tram-way, totalling 2.5 mi, planned to reconnect at Sunbury Road (today Bulla Road) in Essendon North. A satisfactory alignment at the eastern end could not be obtained without the demolition of numerous residences however, therefore only the 1.5 mi section following the western boundary of the aerodrome was constructed, with a temporary connection to Melbourne-Bendigo Road (today Keilor Road) via Treadwell Road, Essendon North; the rest of the deviation to Sunbury Road was built during the 1959/60 financial year as a dual-carriageway road. Lancefield Road was progressively duplicated during the 1960s, including from Treadwell Road to north of Vaughan Street, and from Hawker Street to Parer Road.

The first stage of construction on a new Tullamarine By-pass Road was completed in the 1965/66 financial year, between Mickleham Road and "the Tullamarine Jetport Terminal area" (Melbourne Airport), with the initial 4.5 mi section between Tullamarine Airport and Lancefield Road at the north-western corner of Essendon Airport officially opening early in 1968. From Essendon, a new section heading east from Lancefield Road at Bulla Road, over Pascoe Vale Road, to link directly with Bell Street, incorporating 2 miles of divided road and 4 miles of ramps and known at the time as Strathmore By-pass Road, began construction early in 1968, with further construction to extend the freeway south along the Moonee Ponds Creek reserve to Mount Alexander Road at Flemington Bridge, carried out by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW). All three sections - the Tullamarine By-pass Road, the Strathmore By-pass Road, and the MMBW's southern extension to Flemington Bridge - were officially opened as the Tullamarine Freeway on 3 February 1970, by Premier of Victoria Sir Henry Bolte MLA, in time for the official opening of Tullamarine Airport (now renamed Melbourne Airport) in mid-1970; this new section replaced Mount Alexander Road as the main route to the city. In 1974, the section constructed by the MMBW was transferred to be under the direct responsibility of the Country Roads Board; the Board's declaration of the Tullamarine Freeway was extended to Flemington Bridge as a direct result. In 1979, the section of Lancefield Road running along the western edge of Essendon Airport was upgraded to freeway standard, with the elimination of all at-grade intersections (at English and Vaughan Streets, and an access road to Matthews Avenue near Parer Road), and the opening of a grade-separated, diamond-interchange with English Street, effectively completing the freeway.

With its completion, city-bound heavy vehicles from Hume Highway were diverted here via Pascoe Vale Road. In the 1990s, the completion of the Western Ring Road increased traffic tremendously. It was only relieved by the completion of CityLink in 1999, widening the freeway to 8 lanes (two of these being transit lanes) and extending it south to the West Gate Freeway at Port Melbourne. The improved sections, starting east of Bulla Road, were subsumed into CityLink as the northern half of the Western link, and are now tolled.

Lancefield Road was signed as Metropolitan Route 40 between Essendon North and Tullamarine in 1965, with Metropolitan Route 40 continuing north along Sunbury Road to eventually terminate in Bulla. When the Tullamarine By-pass Road opened in 1968 between Essendon Airport and Tullamarine Airport, Metropolitan Route 40 was re-routed onto the new freeway. It was re-routed again from Bell Street onto the Strathmore By-pass Road section of the freeway, once it and the Bell Street interchange opened in 1970. Once the Tullamarine Freeway southern extension opened in 1970, the entire freeway from Tullamarine to Travancore was signed as Freeway Route 81, sharing concurrency with Metropolitan Route 40 from Tullamarine to Pascoe Vale South, and also another concurrency with National Route 79 from Essendon North to Travancore once the Calder Freeway bypass of Niddrie opened in 1972. Metropolitan Route 40 was re-routed onto Calder Freeway in 1989: Metropolitan Route 43 replaced it from Essendon North to Tullamarine in 1989, while Freeway Route 81 was abolished in the same year. When CityLink opened in 1999, Metropolitan Route 43 was extended along the entire freeway, including the Western link, to its end in Port Melbourne. With Victoria's conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in the late 1990s, the vestige of National Route 79 was finally abolished in 2013 (Calder Freeway had already converted to M79 in 1997), and conversion of Metropolitan Route 43 to route M2 began, finally completed in 2018. The concurrency with Metropolitan Route 40 was abolished in 2020, when it was re-aligned to terminate at Bell Street interchange.

The freeway is used by SkyBus services to Melbourne Airport, and in 2002 the Victorian government contributed $3 million to a $10 million plan to expand and improve these services, after a feasibility study into an airport rail link found the number of passengers using a train would not make the scheme economically viable.

The passing of the Road Management Act 2004 granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2004, VicRoads re-declared Tullamarine Freeway (Freeway #1810) from Melbourne-Lancefield Road (today Sunbury Road) at Melbourne Airport to Mount Alexander Road (sign-posted as Bulla Road) in Strathmore, south of Essendon Airport.

Upgrades to the interchange with Calder Freeway were announced in January 2005, which underwent dramatic reconstruction to alleviate congestion. Entry and exit ramps between both freeways were decommissioned and replaced, an additional two lanes inbound were added, with dedicated Bulla Road-Calder Freeway spurs to eliminate weaving, notorious for many accidents in the area; the new inbound lanes towards the city were completed in October 2006 (ten months early), and new outbound lanes towards Melbourne airport were completed in February 2007 (five months early). Another project completed later that year was a new bridge and northern entrance to the Essendon Airport through the interchange of Melrose Drive, to provide easy access for the people living in the northern suburbs to access the Essendon Airport district. Both projects were planned, designed and constructed under an alliance agreement between VicRoads, Baulderstone Hornibrook and Parsons Brinckerhoff.

Timeline of construction

 * 1945/46 – Lancefield Road deviation, 1.5 mi of new road constructed along the western boundary of Essendon Aerodrome, from the original Lancefield Road alignment north-west of the airport to Treadwell Road, Essendon North
 * 1959/60 – Lancefield Road deviation, 1 mi of new dual-carriageway road constructed along the southern boundary of Essendon Aerodrome, connecting the existing Lancefield Road deviation from Treadwell Road to Sunbury Road (today Bulla Road), Essendon North
 * 1963/64 – Lancefield Road duplication, 1.1 mi from Treadwell Road to north of Vaughan Street, incorporating a junction with a future Calder Freeway
 * 1965/66 – Lancefield Road duplication, 0.5 mi from Hawker Street to Parer Road.
 * 1965/66 – Tullamarine By-pass Road, 1.8 mi of 4-lane dual-carriageway road completed from Mickleham Road to the "Tullamarine Jetport Terminal area"; at this stage, the airport interchange, bridges and access roads were still under construction.
 * 1967/68 – Tullamarine By-pass Road, 4.5 mi total officially opened to traffic between Tullamarine Airport and Lancefield Road at Essendon Airport.
 * 1967/68 – Strathmore By-pass Road, 2 mi of 4-lane dual-carriageway road from Lancefield Road at Bulla Road linking directly to a 2-level bridged interchange at Bell Street, commenced construction.
 * 1970 – Tullamarine Freeway, 11 mi opened early 1970, including the 2 mi Strathmore By-pass Road, 5 mi Tullamarine By-pass Road, and 3.5 mi southern extension to Flemington Bridge built by the MMBW. Total cost: $14.94 million.
 * 1974 – Tullamarine Freeway, responsibility for southern extension (from Bell Street interchange to Flemington Bridge) constructed by the MMBW transferred to Country Roads Board, 1 July 1974.
 * 1979 – Lancefield Road, at-grade intersections eliminated, English Street interchange opened and last remaining 1.6 km upgraded to freeway standard, opened 18 December 1979, by Minister for Transport, the Hon Rob Maclellan MLA, at a cost of $7.8 million.
 * 2006 – Tullamarine-Calder Interchange, re-construction of inbound lanes open October 2006.
 * 2007 – Tullamarine-Calder Interchange, re-construction of outbound lanes open February 2007; combined with inbound lanes opening 5 months earlier in 2006, total package cost of $150 million.

1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
The freeway was originally designated in the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan as the F14 Freeway corridor.

Project Overview
In August 2015 a proposal to Widen the Citylink and Tullamarine Freeway was put in order which consists of 2 Stages which would increase the road's daily capacity as well as shorten trips between Melbourne Airport and The CBD During Morning Peak and Afternoon Peak Times. The following upgrades started in October 2015 (Stage 1) and May 2016 (Stage 2). The entire project was completed in late 2018.

Stage 1 (Bulla Road to Power Street)

 * Lane use management signs to manage which lanes are open
 * Variable speed limit signs above all lanes
 * Ramp signalling – stop and go traffic lights to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion as traffic enters the freeway from on-ramps
 * CCTV cameras – to monitor for incidents, help response times and minimise disruptions
 * Travel time information signs so people can plan their journey
 * Electronic message signs – to notify road users of planned changes or disruptions
 * Automatic incident detection system – to alert Road Managers incidents in real time
 * 2 Dedicated Lanes Inbound to Bell Street from the Tullamarine Freeway and Calder Freeway
 * New Bell Street to Pascoe Vale Road
 * Improvements To Flemington Road/ Mount Alexander Road Freeway Interchange
 * Additional Outbound Lane Between Moreland and Ormond Road
 * Ramp Widening Between Bolte Bridge and West Gate Freeway
 * One Additional Inbound Lane between Montague Street and Ingles Street
 * One Additional Inbound Lane between Montague Street and Power Street

Stage 2 (Melbourne Airport to Bulla Road)

 * A new structure with dedicated lanes from the Tullamarine Freeway and Mickleham Road to the M80 Ring Road inbound to ease congestion and reduce traffic weaving
 * An extra lane entering the Tullamarine Freeway city bound from Mickleham Road
 * Reconstruction and widening of the English Street overpass and all ramps to increase capacity into and out of Essendon Fields
 * Ramp signals on the city bound entry from Kings Road in Taylors Lakes to the Tulla Calder interchange to regulate the flow of traffic getting onto the Tullamarine Freeway from the Calder Freeway

Extra Lanes
Part of The Upgrade is adding more lanes between Melbourne Airport and the West Gate Freeway. Between The Citylink (Western Link) and The West Gate Freeway one additional lane in each direction will be added consuming the emergency lanes as well as lower the speed limit from 100 km/h down to 80 km/h. New Emergency Stopping Bays Similar to the Monash Freeway's Emergency Stopping Bays will be provided where Possible.

title: Tullamarine Freeway


text:
Xenia Seeberg

Xenia Seeberg (born Anke Wesenberg; 4 April 1967) is a German film and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Xev Bellringer in the science fiction television series Lexx. She also debuted as a singer in 1996 on the EMI Electrola label with her maxi single "Heartbeat". Several of her songs, including "Heartbeat", have appeared on compilations such as Dance Fever (1996), Dancemania 4 (1997) and Absolute Music 20 (1999).

From 2003 to 2011, she was married to actor Sven Martinek. They have one son Philip-Elias (born 2005). She is the lead singer of the band Vertikals.

In April 2005, Seeberg appeared on the cover of the German edition of Playboy.

She was ranked No. 84 on the Maxim Hot 100 Women of 2001.

Seeberg stands 173 cm tall; speaks German, English, and French; and has degrees in Latin and philosophy. She studied theater at the Lee Strasberg school.

Filmography

 * Mafia, Pizza, Razzia (1997, short film)
 * Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997)
 * Geliebte Schwestern (1997, TV series, 4 episodes)
 * Lexx (1998–2002, TV series, 55 episodes)
 * Total Recall 2070 (1999, TV series) - episode 18 "Assessment"
 * Schwarz & McMurphy (2001, TV film)
 * Hellchild - The World of Nick Lyon (anthology film, episode "Hilda Humphrey", 2002)
 * Beyond the Limits (2003)
 * Lord of the Undead (2004)
 * The Clown: Payday (2005)
 * So, You've Downloaded a Demon (2007)
 * 80 Minutes (2008)
 * Annihilation Earth (2009)
 * Tatort: Der Hammer (2014, TV series episode)

title: Xenia Seeberg


text:
Forbidden Love (novel)

Forbidden Love (called Honor Lost: Love and Death in Modern Day Jordan in the United States) is a 2003 book written by Norma Khouri, purporting to tell a true story about her best friend in Jordan, Dalia. The story describes Dalia's love for a Christian soldier, Michael, which is kept secret from her Muslim father due to conflicts in religion. Her father eventually finds out, and stabs Dalia to death in a so-called honor killing. A year after publication, it was discovered that the story was entirely fabricated by Khouri.

Plot summary
The novel centers on the life of Dalia, a young Muslim woman living in Amman, Jordan. When she falls in love with Michael, a young Catholic major in the British Army, she is forced to keep the relationship a secret and rely on her friend Norma to act as an intermediary. Although the lovers are only able to be alone together on a handful of occasions and Dalia's virginity remains intact, her father is so enraged when he hears of the affair from her older brother that he kills her two months after her twenty-sixth birthday. Khouri claimed that as a result, she had been forced to seek asylum in Queensland, Australia.

Hoax scandal
Questions about Khouri's story surfaced almost immediately. Several readers wrote on message boards that much of the book didn't ring true, and others located 73 factual errors, anachronisms, and exaggerations (e.g. claiming that Jordan borders Kuwait, "fanciful" depictions of Amman, incorrect statements about Jordanian law, and banknotes that were not printed at the time the book supposedly took place). Khouri also aroused suspicions because she spoke perfect American English, despite her claims to have never lived in the United States.

Further, Khouri had promised to donate most of the proceeds to the Jordanian National Association for Women, but had only sent $100, while the group was suspicious of her claims from the start, contending that it would have known about such a crime given Jordan's size.

After conducting an investigation, they wrote to Random House Australia in September 2003, but Random House stood by Khouri.

In July 2004, a year after the book's release, Sydney Morning Herald literary editor Malcolm Knox wrote a series of articles that exposed Khouri as a complete fraud. Based on an 18-month investigation, he concluded Khouri had fabricated the story and sold it untruthfully as a memoir.

Khouri had not lived in Jordan since 1973, and had in fact lived in Chicago for most of her life, where she was married with two children. Her family had not heard from her since 2000, when she abruptly left Chicago to write the book.

Khouri continued to insist she'd told the truth, even when confronted with public records which proved beyond all doubt she had spent most of her life in the United States. Knox also unearthed evidence that suggested Khouri had left Chicago when legal problems arose with several real-estate transactions.

As a result, Random House pulled the book from the shelves in Australia and the UK indefinitely. Knox and fellow Australian journalist Caroline Overington won the 2004 Walkley Award for investigative journalism for the exposé.

Forbidden Lie$
In September 2007, a documentary entitled Forbidden Lie$ was released. Director Anna Broinowski tells the story of how Khouri's book became a best-seller, and then follows Khouri to Jordan. Since Khouri still insists that the story is true, Broinowski gives her the opportunity to prove that it is fully or at least partly truthful; however, the evidence Broinowski uncovers indicates not only that Khouri's book is fabricated (in spite of her father's claim that it was true) but that Khouri had committed a number of scams even before the book.

title: Forbidden Love (novel)


text:
Helio Courier

The Helio Courier is a cantilever high-wing light STOL utility aircraft designed in 1949.

Around 500 of these aircraft were manufactured in Pittsburg, Kansas, from 1954 until 1974 by the Helio Aircraft Company. The design featured four leading edge slats that deployed automatically, and large trailing edge flaps. The engine was the 295 hp Lycoming GO-480, which had a gearbox that lowered the output RPM and allowed for the use of a large three-bladed propeller to further improve takeoff performance. Couriers were famous for their takeoffs, which often took only a few plane lengths and then climbed at very high angles. During airshow demonstrations, it was common for the aircraft to actually take off across a 100 - 200 foot wide runway.

During the early 1980s, new owners (Helio Aircraft Ltd.) made an attempt to build new aircraft with direct-drive Lycoming engines, to replace troublesome and expensive geared engines. In a further effort to reduce weight, a new composite landing gear was featured. The new models also featured modest winglets. Two models were produced, the H-800 and H-700. A total of 18 aircraft were built. The rights to the Helio Stallion and Helio Courier were acquired by Helio Aircraft of Prescott, Arizona.

Design and development
Professor Otto C. Koppen designed aircraft for the Stout Metal Airplane Division of the Ford Motor Company, including the Ford Flivver, an aircraft that was supposed to be mass-produced by Ford. Koppen went on to design the Helio Courier.

The demonstrator for the Courier's concept, "Helioplane #1", was converted by the then-local Wiggins Airways firm from a Piper PA-17 Vagabond Trainer, one of the so-named "short-wing Pipers" in production following World War II. Only the cabin area of the PA-17's original airframe remained unmodified, with the fuselage lengthened by four feet (1.2 meters), given a taller fin-rudder unit, clipped the Vagabond's stock 29 ft-3 inch (8.92 meter) wingspan down to only some 28.5 feet (8.7 meters), fitted the shortened wings with full-span leading-edge slats, long-span wing flaps that forced the ailerons to be much diminished in their span - only occupying the two outermost rib bays inboard of the wingtip; and a longer-travel main landing gear of a taller design, not unlike that of the 1930s-origin Fieseler Fi 156 German military short take-off and landing (STOL) pioneer aircraft. The powerplant for the demonstrator was switched to the Continental C85 boxer-four cylinder air-cooled engine, upgraded with fuel-injection, and uniquely equipped with a multi-belt speed reduction unit to drive its Aeroproducts nine-foot (2.75 meter) diameter, variable-pitch two-blade propeller, which contributed greatly to the amazing STOL flight characteristics of the demonstrator aircraft. The demonstrator's first flight took place on April 8, 1949, flying from what was then called the Boston Metropolitan Airport.

For the construction of the production Courier aircraft, its all aluminum-clad airframe features a welded 15G steel-tube center section fuselage, with shoulder harnesses that protect the occupants in an emergency. The wings are of conventional aluminum construction, but feature Handley Page leading-edge slats that deploy automatically when the aircraft's airspeed falls below a certain value — 55 to 60 miles per hour (89 to 97 km/h). The slats contribute to the Helio's outstanding short takeoff and landing capability, and allow for stall/spin-proof controllable flight. In conjunction with the leading-edge slats, 74% of the trailing edge incorporates high-lift slotted flaps, which together with interrupter blades atop each wing when roll control is lost at very low airspeed, allows for a tight turning radius. The Helio Courier could maintain control at speeds as low as 27 mph.

The design of the Helio features a large vertical tail surface and rudder for control at very low flight speeds. However, on conventional geared aircraft (taildraggers), the airplane tends to be sensitive to crosswinds, thus a crosswind gear option is available, allowing the main tires to caster left or right 20 degrees, increasing the crosswind component to 25 mph. The Helio has its main gear placement far forward of the cabin, enabling hard braking on unprepared landing areas. A tricycle-gear model was produced, but is unsuitable for unprepared rough terrain.

Helios are also capable of being equipped with floats; both straight and amphibious floats being offered.

Operational history

With a minimum-control speed of around 28 mph, the Courier is perfectly suited for confined off-airport operations. The first one was certified in July 1954 and powered by the 260 hp Lycoming GO-435-C2B2. The first production Courier (Serial Number 001, dubbed "Ol' Number 1")C-G001 was previously owned and operated by JAARS as N242B until 2010. Jaars Helio Courier has been a frequent airshow performer at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh for decades, displaying its slow flight capability in front of thousands and serving as a drop plane for the Liberty Parachute Team.

In 1957, a "Strato Courier" set an altitude record over Mexico City, Mexico at 31,200 ft powered by a geared Lycoming GSO-480-A1A5 (340 hp), only one was built. The Super Courier, a more powerful derivative, was used by the U.S. Air Force from 1958 onward, by the U.S. Army Special Forces in the 1960s and 1970s and by Air America during the Vietnam War as the U-10. In U.S. Army and Air Force service, the U-10 Super Courier was used for liaison work, light cargo and supply drops, psychological warfare, forward air control (Air Force), insertion and extraction by land and sea (Army), and reconnaissance. Various versions were produced up through the 1980s, including turbine-powered variants.

The Super Courier saw military service in the United States as the U-10 (ex L-28). Over 120 were built: The L-28A (2, later redesignated U-10A), U-10A (26), U-10B extended range and paratrooper doors (57), and the U-10D with a higher gross weight(36). There was no U-10C.

Helios remain very popular among bush pilots in Canada (32 current) and Alaska and missionaries who fly into rough, relatively unprepared jungle airstrips because of its superior STOL abilities. Some operators use the Helio Couriers for aerial observation. Both Winged Vision Inc. of Gaithersburg, Maryland and the Pima County, Arizona, Sheriff's Department each operate two of the rare tri-gear model and mount gyro-stabilized cameras under the wing for aerial observation. Pima County mounts a FLIR camera for law enforcement, and Winged Vision mounts a high definition television camera for coverage of major sports events.

Variants

 * Koppen-Bollinger Helioplane
 * Original prototype soon re-named Helio Courier.

 * Helioplane Four
 * unknown possible variant.

 * Helioplane Two
 * unknown possible variant.

 * Hi-Vision Courier
 * unknown possible variant.

 * H-291
 * Prototype, one built.

 * Variant with a Lycoming GO-480-G1D6, purchased by USAF as U-10D, 173 built.
 * Variant with a Lycoming GO-480-G1D6, purchased by USAF as U-10D, 173 built.

 * HT-295 Super Courier or Trigear Courier'''
 * H-295 with tricycle undercarriage, 19 built.

 * H-250 Courier
 * H-295 with lengthened fuselage and Lycoming O-540-A1A5 engine, 41 built.

 * H-391 Courier
 * Prototype with Lycoming GO-435-C2 engine, one built.

 * H-391B Courier
 * Production version of H-391, 102 built.

 * H-392 Strato Courier
 * High-altitude version of H-391 with Lycoming GSO-480-A1A5 engine (340 hp).

 * H-395 Super Courier
 * H-391B with Lycoming GO-480-G1D6, purchased by USAF as U-10A and U-10B, 138 built.

 * H-395A Courier
 * Variant of the H-395 with a Lycoming GO-435-C2B6 engine, seven built.

 * H-500 Twin Courier
 * Twin-engined H-395 for the CIA. Very little information available except seven delivered to the CIA under front designation U-5.

 * H-550 Stallion
 * Turboprop powered development

 * H-580 Twin Courier
 * A longer nosed H-500 with twin wing mounted piston engines, five built.

 * H-634 Twin Stallion
 * Planned twin Allison C250 powered Stallion.

 * H-700 Courier
 * H-295 with redesigned wing and undercarriage and Lycoming TIO-540-J2B engine.

 * H-800 Courier
 * H-700 with Lycoming IO-720-A1B engine, 18 built (H-700 and H-800 together).

 * L-24 Courier
 * Military version of the H-391 Courier.

 * L-28 Courier
 * Military version of the H-395 Courier.

 * U-5 Twin Courier
 * Probable front designation for CIA Twin Couriers.

 * U-10 Courier
 * Re-designation of L-28 Courier

 * Helio AU-24 Stallion
 * Military designation for H-550 Stallion

Military operators

 * Bophuthatswana
 * Bophuthatswana Air Force – 2 operated from 1982.
 * Guyana Defence Force
 * Italian Air Force operated 1 Helio Courier aircraft from 1961 to 1982
 * Royal Thai Air Force
 * Civil Air Patrol
 * United States Air Force
 * 4410th Combat Crew Training Squadron
 * United States Army
 * Civil Air Patrol
 * United States Air Force
 * 4410th Combat Crew Training Squadron
 * United States Army
 * United States Army

Civil operators

 * Air America
 * JAARS
 * North-Wright Airways
 * Wright Air Service

Aircraft on display

 * Thailand
 * 7135 – Type 1 on display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok. It has the USAF serial number 66-14332.

 * United States
 * Original "Helioplane No.1" demonstrator aircraft is in storage at the Paul Garber Facility of the National Air and Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland.
 * 62-3606 – U-10A on static display at the Memorial Air Park at Hurlburt Field in Mary Esther, Florida.
 * 63-13096 – U-10B on static display at the Museum of Aviation at Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins, Georgia.
 * 66-14360 – U-10D on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.
 * 1216 – H-295 on static display at the Alaska Aviation Museum in Anchorage, Alaska. It was formerly owned by Lowell Thomas Jr.

title: Helio Courier


text:
Row (database)

In the context of a relational database, a row—also called a tuple—represents a single, implicitly structured data item in a table. In simple terms, a database table can be thought of as consisting of rows and columns. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and every row in the table has the same structure.

For example, in a table that represents companies, each row would represent a single company. Columns might represent things like company name, company street address, whether the company is publicly held, its VAT number, etc. In a table that represents the association of employees with departments, each row would associate one employee with one department.

The implicit structure of a row, and the meaning of the data values in a row, requires that the row be understood as providing a succession of data values, one in each column of the table. The row is then interpreted as a relvar composed of a set of tuples, with each tuple consisting of the two items: the name of the relevant column and the value this row provides for that column.

Each column expects a data value of a particular type. For example, one column might require a unique identifier, another might require text representing a person's name, another might require an integer representing hourly pay in dollars.

title: Row (database)


text:
Dave Draper

David Draper (April 16, 1942 – November 30, 2021) was an American bodybuilder, actor and author.

Early life
Draper was born in Secaucus, New Jersey on April 16, 1942. His weight training began at the age of ten and was a well-formed habit by the time he was about 12, in the mid-1950s. In high school he participated in wrestling, gymnastics and swimming, but was most inspired by training with weights. In 1962, his physique having attracted the attention of Joe Weider, he began working at the Weider Barbell company in New Jersey as a part-time shipping clerk.

Bodybuilding
At 21, he won the Mr. New Jersey title. Six months later he moved to Santa Monica, California, working for the Weider Barbell Company until 1969. Due to Weider magazine coverage and advertising, this shy, New Jersey native became an icon of the California beach and muscles lifestyle. “That I was a West Coast beach boy to a world of bodybuilding fans eluded me,” Draper wrote.

In the early days of bodybuilding, Draper said "There wasn't a whole bunch of encouragement or inspiration from a society which considered you either stupid or egotistical and probably a sissy."

In California, Draper initially trained at a gym many called "The Dungeon", which he described as "a large, awful space dug out of the ground on the corner of 4th and Broadway", and later trained at the original Gold's Gym. He trained in the company of the world's top bodybuilders which included Frank Zane, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Franco Columbu, Mike Katz and Robby Robinson.

Draper was open about his past use of anabolic steroids: "I was ten years into my training, 235 pounds and already Mr. America before steroids came on the scene. I used them sparingly under a doctor's supervision and noticed marked improvement in my muscularity and separation."

Draper was 6'0" (1.83 m) tall, and his bodybuilding competition weight was approximately 235 lb. (106,6 kg).

Television appearances
Appearing as David The Gladiator, Draper was a movie host on KHJ Channel 9 in Los Angeles, from 1964 to 1965. From 8–10 pm Saturday nights, he hosted a 'sword and sandal' movie from the 1950s and '60s.

Draper played himself in the 1967 episode of The Beverly Hillbillies titled, "Mr. Universe Muscles In," in which Granny thinks that he is ill with "the barbell bloat." The storyline included Draper suggesting that Ellie May is pretty enough to be "Miss Universe" which had the Clampetts thinking since he was Mr. Universe, that he wanted to marry Elly May, not understanding that "Universe" was not his last name.

He appeared in the 1967 movie Don't Make Waves, co-starring opposite Sharon Tate.

He appeared in The Monkees playing Bulk, in the October 16, 1967 episode "I Was a 99-lb. Weakling". He later appeared in Here Come the Brides in the December 19, 1969 episode, "Lorenzo Bush".

Personal life
After a reported battle with alcoholism in the late 1970s and, with rehabilitation, gaining sobriety in 1983, Draper resumed his bodybuilding career to guest-pose at bodybuilding competitions and appear at exhibitions.

Draper's nickname "The Blond Bomber" was bestowed on him by Joe Weider when Weider was pushing "muscle bombing" (intense weight-training) in his muscle magazines in the 1960s. Draper hated it at first but eventually embraced it.

Draper continued to train with weights into his 70s, and to write, including a free weekly newsletter, emailed and published on his website until 2021. He died of congestive heart failure on November 30, 2021, at the age of 79.

Competition history

 * 1962 Mr. New Jersey
 * 1965 IFBB Mr. America Tall Class & Overall, 1st
 * 1966 IFBB Mr. Universe Tall Class & Overall, 1st
 * 1967 Mr. Olympia 4th
 * 1970 AAU Mr. World 3rd
 * 1970 IFBB Mr. World Tall & Overall, 1st
 * 1970 NABBA Mr. Universe Tall, 3rd

Filmography

 * Lord Love a Duck (1966) as Billy Gibbons
 * The Beverly Hillbillies (1967) as Himself
 * Don't Make Waves (1967) as Harry Hollard
 * The Monkees (1967) – Bulk in S2:E6, "I Was a 99-Pound Weakling"

title: Dave Draper


text:
John Wright Oakes

John Wright Oakes (9 July 1820 – 8 July 1887) was an English landscape painter.

He was born at Sproston House, near Middlewich, Cheshire, which had been in the possession of his family for several generations. He was educated in Liverpool, and studied art under John Bishop in the school attached to the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution. His earliest works were fruit-pieces. These he exhibited in 1839 and the following years at the Liverpool Academy, of which he became a member, and afterwards honorary secretary for several years.

About 1843 Oakes began painting landscapes from nature, and in 1847 the first picture exhibited by him in London, 'Nant Frangcon, Carnarvonshire,' appeared at the British Institution, and was followed in 1848 by 'On the River Greta, Keswick,' at the Royal Academy. He continued to send pictures, chiefly of Welsh mountain, moorland, and coast scenery, to these exhibitions, as well as to the Society of British Artists, Dudley Gallery, Portland Gallery, and elsewhere, and in 1859 came to reside in London.

He painted also in water-colours, and in 1874 was elected an associate of the Institute of Painters in Water-Colours, but resigned this position in 1875. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1876, and an honorary member of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1883. During the last six years of his life ill-health greatly interfered with the practice of his art. He still, however, exhibited annually at the Royal Academy, where a picture entitled 'The Warren' appeared the year after his death. Among his best works were 'A Carnarvonshire Glen,' 'A Solitary Pool,' 'Glen Derry,' 'Malldraeth Sands,' 'Aberffraw Bay,' 'Marchlyn Mawr,' 'Linn of Muick,' 'Dunnottar Castle,' 'The Bass Rock,' 'The Fallow Field,' 'The Border Countrie,' 'The Dee Sands,' and 'Dirty Weather on the East Coast.'

Oakes died at his residence, Leam House, Addison Road, Kensington, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.

As of 1894, the South Kensington Museum had an oil painting by him entitled 'Disturbed,' an effect of early spring twilight. 'A North Devon Glen' was in the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, and 'Early Spring' in the Glasgow Corporation galleries.

title: John Wright Oakes


text: Category:Dance moves

title: Category:Dance moves


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thomas Wellington

Thomas Wellington
This has the hallmarks of a hoax, but someone may know better. Deb 17:39, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It's a hoax based on the reptilian humanoid concept. This has been processed at least once in VfD already (old discussion is above), so can be speedied. jni 17:49, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I've speedy deleted it. It was already deleted once before (see below). Nothing to see here, move along, move along. - UtherSRG 18:01, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

October 2004 discussion
Another by IP 137.18.255.41]. Andrewa 02:32, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonsense. —Morven 07:01, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: poor attempt of polluting Wikipedia with nonsense. jni 08:16, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tedious rubbish, patently false. Average Earthman 09:02, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Patent nonsense--MaxMad 10:57, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Another argument in favour of expanding the speedy delete criteria. Delete. —Rory ☺ 13:31, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * This falls under patent nonsense, so there is no need to expand criteria. CSD — siro  χ  o  22:58, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Patent nonsense. Probably somebody who read reptilian humanoids and decided to play along.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:41, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Heretics!!!: How dare you defame this noted scholar who added to Wikapedia a much needed biography for one of America's greatest men. You are all trounced!
 * Comment: This by IP 137.18.255.41. More below. Andrewa 02:32, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: All information in this article is backed up by Ancient Chinese manuscripts and vintage Corn Flakes boxes. User:Claw 17:01, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Thomas Wellington drives an ice cream truck covered in human skulls. User:Jin Shin 17:11, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: He also drives a Dodge Stratus. User:W. Mouse 17:18, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Wellington is the unwed father of Bill Brasky. User:Christopher Walken 17:11, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * These are joke votes, aren't they? -- Mike Rosoft 22:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes., , plus more below. Andrewa 02:32, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete! Damn, I knew this was nonsense when I found it.  The sockpuppets don't help.  Give it up. - Lucky 6.9 21:30, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Go! - Mr. Body Massage Machine 21:33, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Thomas_Wellington&diff=6364920&oldid=6364783
 * Keep: Raptors are not to be trifled with. Mortimer 21:33, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * and again. Andrewa 02:32, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Patent nonsense. ("The Wellington dynasty traces its roots back nearly 6010 years ago to a Flavius Well-Ton, a famous hunter of wild cats in Europe." What the ...?) Delete and stop vandalizing Wikipedia and disrupting voting process. May even be put to BJAODN, if somebody considers it funny. -- Mike Rosoft 22:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Silly. - RedWordSmith 22:42, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Very mildly amusing nonsense. Bill 22:44, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke by anon. Not up to BJAODN IMO. Andrewa 02:35, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, for obvious reasons. -R. fiend 03:52, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unsinnlich!. --Improv 16:17, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete this and the redirect Wellington, Thomas. —tregoweth 17:43, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Dupont's lark

Dupont's lark  (Chersophilus duponti) is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae of the monotypic genus Chersophilus. It is found in northern Africa and Spain.

Taxonomy and systematics
Dupont's lark was originally described by Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1820 and placed in the genus Alauda. It was named for the French naturalist Léonard Puech Dupont, who had collected the species and showed it to Vieillot.

Subspecies
Two subspecies are recognized:
 * North-western Dupont's lark (C. d. duponti) - (Vieillot, 1824) : Found in southern Spain, northern Morocco, northern Algeria and northern Tunisia
 * South-eastern Dupont's lark (C. d. margaritae) - (Koenig, AF, 1888) : Originally described as a separate species in the genus Alaemon. Found from central Algeria to western Egypt

Description
Like most other larks, Dupont's lark is an undistinguished looking species on the ground. It is 17–18 cm long, slim, with a long neck, long legs and a fine slightly curved bill. It has a thin pale crown stripe and a dark-streaked breast. The north-western Dupont's lark of Europe and north-west Africa is mainly brown-grey above and pale below. The south-eastern Dupont's lark, which occupies most of the rest of the African range, has rufous upperparts.

Vocalisations
Its song is a repeated thin, melancholic whistling phrase, very ventriloquial (difficult to locate) and a nasal whistle given mainly at dawn and dusk or at night.

Distribution and habitat
It breeds across much of northern Africa, from Algeria to Egypt, and in Spain and France. It is a non-migratory resident. It is a species that commonly inhabits chaparral areas. However, it experiences a 3.9% annual population decrease in Spain with a 32.8% decrease from 2008 to 2018, shifting its conservation status to vulnerable on the national level and endangered in the regions of Andalusia and Castile-León.

Behaviour and ecology
This is a very shy species, which runs for cover when disturbed. It is difficult to see while running among vegetation but it sometimes sings, standing upright on the edge of a low bush.

Breeding
This is a bird of open sandy semi-desert or steppe with some grass. Its nest is on the ground, with three or four eggs being laid. Its food is seeds and insects.

title: Dupont's lark


text:
Script for a Jester's Tear

Script for a Jester's Tear is the debut studio album by British neo-prog band Marillion, released in the United Kingdom on 14 March 1983 by EMI Records. The album reached number seven and spent 31 weeks in the UK Albums Chart, eventually achieving a platinum certificate, and produced the top 40 single "He Knows You Know" and the top 20 single "Garden Party".

Script for a Jester's Tear is the only studio album by Marillion to feature the band's original drummer and founding member Mick Pointer, who was dismissed following the album's UK tour. In Martin Popoff's 2016 biography of Yes, the album is credited with being part of a "new wave" of British progressive rock which also helped to give a second life to earlier bands.

Background and recording
Marillion released their first single, "Market Square Heroes", on 25 October 1982. It was a minor hit, peaking at number 53 on the UK Singles Chart. It was produced by David Hitchcock, who was also contracted to work on the group's first full-length album. He was seriously injured in a car accident when he drove home after completing work on the single. EMI took advantage of the opportunity and persuaded the group to replace him with Nick Tauber, a producer known for his work with new wave band Toyah and regarded by the record label as more modern.

Neither "Market Square Heroes", nor the B-sides of the 12" single, "Three Boats Down from the Candy" and the 17-minute-long epic "Grendel", were included on Script for a Jester's Tear, although a short radio segment of the A-side can be briefly heard prior to "Forgotten Sons". As stated in the original liner notes, the music from the album was composed, arranged and performed by Marillion and the lyrics were written by Fish alone. In the 1997 remastered edition, four out of six songs are additionally credited to bass player Diz Minnit and keyboard player Brian Jelliman, who were both the initial members of the group. The recording sessions for the album started in December 1982 at The Marquee Studios in London and finished in February 1983, with Tauber producing and Simon Hanhart engineering.

The cover artwork was designed by Mark Wilkinson, who would be commissioned to the role on all Marillion releases through The Thieving Magpie (1988).

In later years, both Fish and Steve Rothery have spoken critically of their work on the album. Fish said in 2016, "I hear somebody singing in very bad keys! Sometimes I don't even recognise the guy who's singing on that album. That high falsetto voice, it was very forced. But I was young. I didn't understand anything about music and keys, and I was singing very high." Rothery was not satisfied with his guitar sound. He said in 2022, "I didn't have the experience, I didn't know the sound I wanted, so I was using maybe my old Yamaha SG-2000. I think I had an Orange amp in the early days. I can't remember when I switched to Marshalls. Anyway, it wasn't a sound that I was in love with."

Release
Script for a Jester's Tear was released in the United Kingdom on 13 March 1983 by EMI on vinyl housed in a gatefold sleeve. In the United States and Canada, it was available through Capitol Records.

Critical reception
In his review for Kerrang!, Dave Dickson said, "As a debut album this is extremely impressive, fully living up to the band's previous promise". John Franck gave the album a retrospective rating of four-and-a-half stars out of five on AllMusic. He called it "a vital piece for any Marillion head and an essential work for any self-respecting first- or second-generation prog rock fan".

Commercial performance
Script for a Jester's Tear was a commercial success, reaching number seven in the United Kingdom and spending 31 weeks on the charts, the second-longest album chart residency for Marillion. It was awarded a platinum certification by British Phonographic Industry on 5 December 1997 for over 300,000 copies sold. In the United States, it failed to make any impact, peaking at number 175 on the Billboard 200 chart.

The album generated two hit singles in the United Kingdom. The first single, "He Knows You Know", preceded the release of Script for a Jester's Tear and launched the group into the top 40, reaching number 35. The second single, "Garden Party", was released on 6 June 1983 and peaked at number 16. "He Knows You Know" gained some airplay in the United States and reached number 21 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.

Reissues
Script for a Jester's Tear was first released on CD in 1985. As part of a series of Marillion eight studio albums made on a contract with EMI, the album was 24-bit digitally remastered between April and July 1997 and expanded with a second disc containing bonus tracks, including all tracks from the debut single. This edition was issued on 29 September 1997 and has been in print to date. The remastered version was also issued without the second disc in 2000 and contained a pared-down booklet. A new 180g heavy weight vinyl edition featuring a gatefold sleeve and the original artwork was released in 2012.

In 2020, EMI released a deluxe version of the album with four CDs and a Blu-ray disc that contains new remixes of the original album, the full "Market Square Heroes" 12" single (except for the original version of "Market Square Heroes" which is replaced by the "Battle Priest" version), and a previously unreleased live set from 1982 at London's Marquee Club. In addition to that, the Blu-ray also includes the previously released Recital of the Script video and, as extras, promo films of some tracks from the album. It was the penultimate release of Fish era Marillion albums in a recent deluxe reissue campaign that also includes Misplaced Childhood, Clutching at Straws, Brave, and Afraid of Sunlight. Fugazi is the last album put out in this format so far, having been released on September 1, 2021.

Track listing
All writing credits are adapted from the 1997 remastered edition. According to the liner notes of the original version, the whole group is listed as writers, arrangers, and performers; all lyrics are credited to Fish.

Marillion

 * Fish – vocals
 * Steve Rothery – guitars; photography (1997 remastered edition)
 * Pete Trewavas – bass
 * Mark Kelly – keyboards; digital remastering (at Abbey Road Studios, London, April – July 1997)
 * Mick Pointer – drums, percussion

Additional musicians

 * Marquee Club's Parents Association Children's Choir – choir (on "Forgotten Sons")
 * Peter Cockburn – newscaster's voice (on "Forgotten Sons")

Technical personnel

 * Nick Tauber – producer
 * Simon Hanhart – engineer, mixing engineer
 * Pete James – sound effects
 * Jo Mirowski – art direction, design (at Torchlight, London)
 * Mark Wilkinson – illustration
 * Dave Hitchcock – producer (on "Market Square Heroes" (Battle Priest version), "Three Boats Down from the Candy")
 * Craig Thompson – engineer (on "Market Square Heroes" (Battle Priest version), "Three Boats Down from the Candy")
 * Danny Dawson – engineer (on "Chelsea Monday" (Manchester Square demo), "He Knows You Know" (Manchester Square demo))
 * Pete Mew – digital remastering (at Abbey Road Studios, London, April – July 1997)
 * Bill Smith Studio – repackaging design (1997 remastered edition)

title: Script for a Jester's Tear