text:
The Viper Room

The Viper Room is a nightclub and live music venue located on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California, United States. It was established under its current name in 1993, being co-owned by actors and 21 Jump Street co-stars Johnny Depp and Sal Jenco. The Viper Room has undergone several changes in ownership, with the present owner being Viper Holdings, Ltd CEO James Cooper. It continues to host music of multiple genres, including metal, punk, and alternative rock. While predominantly known as a music venue, the Viper Room also has a lower level which is home to a large whiskey bar.

The club became known as a hangout spot for the young Hollywood elite, and gained infamy for its drug-related incidents; actor River Phoenix had a fatal drug overdose in 1993, actor Jason Donovan suffered a drug-induced seizure in 1995 but survived, and singer Courtney Love survived an overdose in 1995 after Depp gave her CPR. In 1997, singer Michael Hutchence played his last public performance in the Viper Room before taking his own life a week later.

History
The location was originally a grocery store from 1921 into the 1940s. In the 1940s, it was converted into a nightclub called the "Cotton Club", entirely unrelated to the Harlem original. This was soon replaced by "The Greenwich Village Inn", the "Rue Angel" and finally "The Last Call" during the 1940s. From 1951 to 1969, the location was a bar called "The Melody Lounge". In 1969, it became "Filthy McNasty's". and in the 1980s, a jazz club called "The Central".

"The Central" was best known for its Tuesday jam nights where various well-known musicians such as Joe Cocker, Brian Setzer and Jeff Baxter performed and hung out along with others in the music industry. It also hosted many local music acts such as Chuck E. Weiss who was frequently accompanied by the Goddamn Liars. In 1993, the club was close to shutting down when Weiss suggested to Depp that he should revitalize the spot and rename it "The Viper Room". Tom Waits also had a hand in redeveloping the spot.

The venue
Despite the death of River Phoenix the year the venue opened, the club became and remained a hangout for Hollywood's most popular young actors and musicians. Adam Duritz, the lead singer of Counting Crows, worked as a Viper Room bartender in late 1994 and early 1995 to escape his newfound fame.

Ownership
As part of the settlement of a lawsuit against Johnny Depp and four others, involving allegations of mismanagement of profits, Depp relinquished his ownership of the Viper Room in 2004. The club changed hands multiple times between 2004 and 2016; the club is currently owned by Viper Room Holdings, Ltd. CEO James Cooper.

Intellectual property and lawsuits
A nightclub formerly called "The Viper Room" exists in Cincinnati. The club changed its name to "The Poison Room" on January 1, 2006, after they were told by the West Hollywood Viper Room to stop using the name. Another "Viper Room" in Portland was also told to stop using the name under threat of a trademark lawsuit, with the Viper Room's former owner claiming that "every dollar they make is the result of using our name". Abroad, there is also a legal brothel in Brisbane called "The Viper Room" and nightclubs boasting the name (or a similar one) in Harrogate, Sheffield, Stockholm, and Vienna.

Until February 2009, there was a nightclub with the same name in Melbourne; it was closed down due to a spate of violent incidents that included two shootings as well as license breaches and the arrest of a co-owner on drug charges. On April 16, 2011, a nightclub named "The Viper Room" opened its doors in the city of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. The club is named after the club in Hollywood and is decorated in the same style as the American club. In 2016, The Viper Room began issuing cease and desist notices to bootleg merchandise sellers on eBay and other online storefronts.

The original building where the club is currently located is slated to be demolished by 2023, to make way for a replacement club, retail and a five star hotel tower.

Performers
At Depp's request, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers performed on the club's opening night.

Johnny Cash performed at the venue, debuting material that would later appear on American Recordings (1994). In 1997, the Viper Room was also a place of a few early solo live performances by John Frusciante at the time of his bad physical condition caused by drug abuse.

Other performers include Hot Mom, Avril Lavigne, Neurotic Outsiders (featuring Duff McKagan, The Penfifteen Club, Steve Jones and John Taylor), Keanu Reeves (who performed there with his band Dogstar in 1997), The Cult, Slash, X, Julliette and the Licks, Concrete Blonde, Green Day, Courtney Love, Hole, Joey Ramone, Tenacious D, The Strokes, and Cher.

In popular culture

 * In the 1983 film Valley Girl, the building (then housing a nightclub called The Central) was used for scenes featuring the new-wave band the Plimsouls. In Oliver Stone's film The Doors (1991), the building was used as a filming location for scenes depicting the London Fog, also of West Hollywood. London Fog was a lesser-known nightclub halfway up the same block from the Whisky a Go Go where the Doors had their first regular gigs for four months in early 1966.
 * The 2003 Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle "Pink Panther Dance" scene was filmed at the club, though the club's name was changed in the film to "The Treasure Chest".
 * Several scenes in the 2005 John Travolta film Be Cool were set at or in the club, although only the exterior of the site was used in the shoot.
 * The Viper Room is also featured in the 2004 documentary Dig! when members of the band The Brian Jonestown Massacre began brawling with each other on stage while performing.
 * The Viper Room was once the base of an underground poker ring, reportedly founded by actor Tobey Maguire. The ring often included other actors such as Ben Affleck, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Matt Damon. The poker ring inspired the 2017 movie Molly's Game, starring Jessica Chastain, in which the club was renamed "The Cobra Lounge".
 * The Viper Room's latest feature has been in the series 'Pam & Tommy' (featuring Lily James and Sebastian Stan), which details an altercation between Tommy Lee and two other bathroom goers, confirming the bar's popularity amongthe rock scene in the early nineties which still continues through to this day.
 * The Viper Room is featured in an episode of paranormal series Ghost Adventures as one of their lockdown locations, where they investigated the building for two days. In 2019, BuzzFeed Unsolved Supernatural filmed an episode in the club.
 * The Viper Room basement is the setting for the initial set of poker games Molly Bloom hosted.
 * In 2019, the music video for the song "Blow" by Ed Sheeran, Chris Stapleton, and Bruno Mars was filmed at the Viper Room.
 * In 2021, the Viper Room was the feature of season 1, episode 2 of Vice Media's Dark Side of the 90's entitled "The Viper Room: Hollywood's Sanctuary."
 * Outsider musician Wesley Willis' song "The Viper Room" (found on the Greatest Hits, Vol. 3 compilation album) is about the club. Willis' performances at the club and the death of River Phoenix outside the venue are referenced in the lyrics.
 * In Spook Country, a 2006 novel by William Gibson, a character uses the sidewalk outside of the Viper Room as part of a GPS/ virtual reality art installation.

title: The Viper Room


text:
Henry Wells

Henry Wells (December 12, 1805 – December 10, 1878) was an American businessman important in the history of both the American Express Company and Wells Fargo & Company. Wells worked as a freight agent before joining the express business. His companies, which were the predecessors of American Express and Wells Fargo, competed with the United States Post Office by carrying mail at less than the government rate. In higher education, Wells was the founder of Wells College in Aurora, New York.

Life
Henry Wells was born in 1805 in Thetford, Vermont, the son of Dorothea "Dorothy" (Randall) and Shipley Wells, a Presbyterian minister at what is now the First Presbyterian Church of Seneca Falls, New York who moved his family to central New York State in the westward migration of Yankees out of New England. He was a member of the seventh generation of his family in America. His original ancestor was an English immigrant Thomas Welles (1590–1659), who arrived in Massachusetts in 1635 and was the only man in Connecticut's history to hold all four top offices: governor, deputy governor, treasurer, and secretary. In this capacity, he transcribed the Fundamental Orders into the official colony records on 14 January 1638, OS, (24 January 1639, NS).

As a child, Henry worked on a farm and attended school in Fayette. In 1822, he was apprenticed to Jessup & Palmer, tanners and shoemakers at Palmyra, New York. In his adult life, he was also called as Henry "Stuttering" Wells and was known as a flamboyant character.

Career
In 1836, Wells became a freight agent on the Erie Canal and soon started his own business. Later he worked for Harnden's Express in Albany. His entry into the express business launched a series of events that eventually led to the establishment of the American Express Company. When Wells suggested that service could be expanded west of Buffalo, New York, William F. Harnden urged Wells to go into business on his own account. In 1841, the firm of Pomeroy & Company was formed by George E. Pomeroy, Henry Wells and Crawford Livingston. In the express business they competed with the United States Post Office by carrying mail at less than the government rate. Popular support, roused by the example of the penny post in England, was on the side of the expressmen, and the government was compelled to reduce its rates in 1845 and again in 1851.

Pomeroy & Company was succeeded in 1844 by Livingston, Wells & Company, composed of Crawford Livingston, Henry Wells, William Fargo and Thaddeus Pomeroy. On April 1, 1845, Wells & Company's Western Express – generally known simply as Western Express because it was the first such company west of Buffalo – was established by Wells, Fargo and Daniel Dunning. Service was offered at first as far as Detroit, rapidly expanding to Chicago, St. Louis, and Cincinnati.

In 1846, Wells sold his interest in Western Express to William Livingston, whereupon the firm became Livingston, Fargo & Company. Wells then went to New York City to work for Livingston, Wells & Company, concentrating on the promising transatlantic express business. When Crawford Livingston died in 1847, another of his brothers entered the firm, which became Wells & Company. (However, Livingston, Wells & Company continued to operate under that firm name in England, France and Germany.)

American Express and Wells Fargo
Early in 1850, Wells formed Wells, Butterfield & Company with John Butterfield as the successor of Butterfield & Wasson. The same year the American Express Company was formed as a consolidation of Wells & Company; Livingston, Fargo & Company; and Wells, Butterfield & Company. Wells was president of American Express from 1850 to 1868. About the time the company was formed, he relocated in Aurora, New York, which remained his home for the rest of his life. There he built a grand residence, called Glen Park. It was designed by noted architect A.J. Davis, with grounds by Andrew Jackson Downing, another notable architect. The property later became part of Wells College, which Wells founded.

When John Butterfield and other directors of American Express objected to extending the company's service to California, Wells organized Wells, Fargo & Company on March 18, 1852, to undertake the venture. Edwin B. Morgan of Aurora was the company's first president, and Wells, William Fargo, Johnston Livingston and James McKay were on the boards of both Wells Fargo and American Express.

In September 1853, Wells Fargo & Company acquired Livingston, Wells & Company, which had been its express and banking correspondent in England, France and Germany. By the spring of 1854, some of the directors of Wells Fargo had become convinced that the purchase had been brought about through unspecified misrepresentations by Wells, Johnston Livingston, William N. Babbitt and S. De Witt Bloodgood. Wells and his associates made good any losses to Wells Fargo, and Livingston, Wells & Company wound up its affairs when its Paris office was closed in October 1856.

Wells was president in 1855 of the New Granada Canal & Steam Navigation Company. In Aurora he was president of the First National Bank of Aurora and in 1867 also the first president of the Cayuga Lake Railroad.

Later endeavors
Wells retired from the board of Wells Fargo in 1867. He also retired as president of American Express in 1868 when it was merged with the Merchants Union Express Company under the presidency of William Fargo. Also in 1868, Wells founded Wells College in Aurora with an endowment to make it one of the first women's colleges in the United States.

One of Wells' last ventures was the Arizona & New Mexico Express Company, of which he was president in 1876.

Personal life
On September 5, 1827, Wells married Sarah Caroline Daggett (1803–1859), the daughter of Levi Daggett (1768–1835) and a descendant of the Doggett colonial settlers. They had four children:
 * Charles Henry Wells (1828–1891), who married Louisa Burnham (1832–1905)
 * Mary Elizabeth Wells (1830–1884), who married James H. Welles (1819–1873)
 * Oscar A. Wells (1833–1909)
 * Edward Wells

After his first wife's death on October 13, 1859, in Albany, New York, he married Mary Prentice of Boston in 1861.

Wells died in Glasgow, Scotland, on December 10, 1878, two days short of his 73rd birthday. He was brought home for burial in Aurora and was buried at Oak Glen Cemetery in Aurora. His body was transported back to the United States aboard the steam-ship Ethiopia. His funeral was held at his home in Aurora.

Additional sources

 * Norton, Frederick Calvin The governors of Connecticut: biographies of the chief executives of the commonwealth that gave to the world the first written constitution known to history, Publisher	Connecticut Magazine Co., 1905.
 * Norton, Frederick Calvin The governors of Connecticut: biographies of the chief executives of the commonwealth that gave to the world the first written constitution known to history, Publisher	Connecticut Magazine Co., 1905.
 * Norton, Frederick Calvin The governors of Connecticut: biographies of the chief executives of the commonwealth that gave to the world the first written constitution known to history, Publisher	Connecticut Magazine Co., 1905.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Henry Wells


text:
Groomsman

A groomsman or usher is one of the male attendants to the groom in a wedding ceremony. Usually, the groom selects close friends and relatives to serve as groomsmen, and it is considered an honor to be selected. From his groomsmen, the groom usually chooses one to serve as best man.

For a wedding with many guests, the groom may also ask other male friends and relatives to act as ushers without otherwise participating in the wedding ceremony; their sole task is ushering guests to their seats before the ceremony. Ushers may also be hired for very large weddings.

In a military officer's wedding, the roles of groomsmen are replaced by swordsmen of the sword honor guard. They are usually picked as close personal friends of the groom who have served with him. Their role includes forming the traditional saber arch for the married couple and guests to walk through.

The first recorded use of the word ‘groomsmen’, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, was as recently as 1698, although the words ‘bride’ and ‘groom’ both date back to Old English.

Duties
The most visible duty of the groomsmen is helping guests find their places before the ceremony and to stand near the groom during the wedding ceremony.

Additionally, the groom may request other kinds of assistance, such as planning celebratory events such as a bachelor party, also called a stag do or buck's night; helping make the wedding pleasant for guests by talking with people who are alone or dancing with unaccompanied guests or bridesmaids, if there is dancing at a wedding reception; or providing practical assistance with gifts, luggage, or unexpected complications. Groomsmen may also participate in local or regional traditions, such as decorating the newlywed couple's car.

Bridegroom-men formerly had important duties. The men were called bride-knights, and represented a survival of the primitive days of marriage by capture, when a man called his friends in to assist to "lift" or kidnap the bride, or from the need to defend the bride from would-be kidnappers.

Best man
The best man is the chief assistant to the groom at a wedding. While the role is older, the earliest surviving written use of the term best man comes from 1782, observing that "best man and best maid" in the Scottish dialect are equivalent to "bride-man and bride-maid" in England.

In most modern Anglophone countries, the groom extends this honor to someone who is close to him, generally a close friend or a relative (such as a sibling or cousin). During a wedding ceremony the best man stands next to the groom, slightly behind him. This means that the four people present at the altar are the officiant (such as a civil celebrant, priest, rabbi, minister, or other religious figure), the bride, groom, and best man. This is common in some western countries, although in others the best man and bridesmaid participate on an equal footing.

While the best man's required duties are only those of a friend, in the context of a western white wedding, the best man will typically:
 * Assist the groom on the wedding day,
 * Organise a bachelor party,
 * Keep the wedding rings safe until needed during the ceremony,
 * Stand next to the groom during the ceremony,
 * Act as a legal witness to the marriage and therefore sign the marriage certificate, and
 * Prepare a "best man's speech" to be read at the reception

In various countries and cultures
The best man is not a universal custom. Even in places where a best man is customary, the role may be quite different when compared to other areas of the world.
 * In the Anglosphere, it is traditional for the best man to give a short speech.
 * In Zambia, a best man is expected to lead processions both at the wedding, and at preliminary events. This includes pre-wedding dance rehearsals, at which the best man is always expected to be in attendance, and usually is expected to give an outstanding and outlandish dance-performance on the actual wedding-day.
 * In Uganda, a best man is expected to guide the newlyweds in the ways of marriage. This means that ideally a best man must be married, preferably to one wife, and should be in position to give sound, tried and tested advice. A best man must be a confidant and be discreet about the details he shares with the new couple.
 * In Bhutan, the best man presents himself at the wedding as a ceremonial guardian to both bride and groom. Thereafter he entertains the guests, sometimes for several hours.
 * In Eastern Orthodox weddings in Greece, the best man is often also the koumbaros, or religious sponsor. The koumbaros (or koumbara, if a woman) is an honored participant who crowns the couple and participates in circling the altar three times. Sometimes, this person also pays for most of the wedding expenses.
 * In Ukraine, the best man is responsible for guarding the bride during the wedding festivities. In a traditional wedding, when he or the groom stepped away, the bride got "kidnapped" or had a shoe stolen. Then the groom or the best man had to pay a ransom in exchange for returning the bride, usually by paying money (which was given to the bride) or by doing something embarrassing. The custom is less common nowadays due to frequent conflicts arising from the differences in the expected sum of money.

Bachelor party
In the past, the bachelor party was typically scheduled for a convenient evening during the week before the wedding. A type of farewell dinner, it was always hosted, and therefore organized and paid for, entirely by the groom. The dinner was seen as the groom's last chance to entertain his friends as a single man; after the wedding, dinner parties at his home would always be presided over by his wife in her role as hostess. In recent times this practice has evolved. In many cultures, it is a customary practice for the groom to bear all the expenses of his bachelor party. This tradition highlights the groom's role in hosting a final celebration with his friends before his marriage.

Common slang names for this event are bachelor party, stag do, or bucks' night in different parts of the world. In many areas, this dinner is now most commonly organized by the best man; the costs can be shared by either all of the participants or all of the participants except for the groom, who becomes the guest of honor.

title: Groomsman


text:
Talk:Sayville, New York

Untitled
Better check that it's not actually named for the same Lord Saye and Sele for whom Old Saybrook, Connecticut is named. William Fiennes, 1582-1662, succeeded as 8th Baron Saye and Sele in 1613 and was created 1st Viscount in 1624. He was appointed a Privy Councillor to King Charles II in 1660. Wetman 06:45, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That's an interesting possibility given how often land was owned by nobility in the colonies. I was trying to round out this article using online sources. My main interest is in Father Divine's connection, but I do think your suggestion warrants further investigation. Searching for "Saye" and "Sayville" turns up nothing relevant on Google, but the Saye explanation strikes me as more plausible than misspelled "Seaville." That story has the flavor of urban legend to me. I'll have to check the library. Cool Hand Luke  07:22, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Actually, the "Seaville" misspelling is more or less true. According to a few published accounts, the name was decided on back in the late 1800s when the town had to submit an official designation to the Postal Service. One account has it as "Seville," another as "Seaville," but it's generally believed that it was a misspelling that stuck. Up until that point, the town had been called "Over South."

Try East on the Great South Bay by Harry Havermeyer for a good recount of Sayville's history, especially the 19th & 20th Centures

Agreed on East on the Great South Bay. Very informative.

 * There are MANY theories of how Sayville was named Sayville. Other theories is that "Say" is a corruption of "South" and another that it was supposed to be Seaville, but the US post office would not use the name since it was already used, so they used the biblical name "Say" for "Sea." Then there is the "Salem Village" theory since the Edwards were Puritans that came to LI from Salem, and the "Barber of Seville" theory since that was a very popular play at the time. In reality, one theory is as good as the other since no one knows.

The "Salem" thing is completely wrong -- it was started by someone who runs a very sensationalistic website that does its best to connect Sayville to many things that are quite untrue. The "Salem" theory is mostly conjecture and I'd never ever heard of it until that.

Indeed, the "Salem" theory is bunk. John Edwards was born in Easthampton and his family was from County Kent, England. Existent80 June 28, 2005 21:07 (UTC)

NOT BUNK! The Edwards came from the Salem are before coming to LOng Island, and they were witch accusers: longislandgenealogy.com/witch.html

 * Except that it is bunk. There's no direct connection between Salem, MA and Sayville, NY tpanarese

Let's try to get this thing straight once and for all. *If* the Edwards family indeed came from Salem, why would that lead to "Salem Village" being corrupted into "Sayville"? How would this change occur? When was the town ever recorded as "Salem Village"? Why would a Salem, MA expatriate suddenly begin misspelling the name of his native town? The same holds for the "Seville" theory for that matter. I don't think one can claim that "one theory is as good as another" when certain ones have major holes in them. Can we get any proof of a *causal* Salem/Sayville connection? If not, I think this theory needs to stay in the realm of fantasy and conspiracy theorists. And BTW, wikipedia etiquette is to sign your name at the end of a discussion post with 4 tildes. Existent80 21:30, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

These are ALL legends - none of them provable - there's no reason NOT to list this one. ALSO: spelling was NOT standardiSed then - possibly many people wrote "Saylem" - but if Edwards truEly came from "Salem Village", all the more reafon to include it --JimWae 21:55, 2005 July 23 (UTC)

 * Yes, but the only one with significant evidence to back it up is the theory that "Sayville" was a misspelling of "Seaville." The others don't have much to back them up other than minor possible coincidences and wild, unsubstantiated claims.  It's similar to the Marlon Brando corrections that you rightfully upheld. Tpanarese 17:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Well I have to report that googling "Saylem" did not support my idea - but if ever documents or maps turn up with that spelling, it would certainly be more evidence. It's mostly used as a person's name. Old spellings on old documents are not always entered into webpages. As for the misspelling story, it just does not ring true to me - unless people often spelled sea as "say". It seems more likely he misheard than misspelled -- or that something else is going on. --JimWae 17:49, 2005 July 24 (UTC)

 * Actually, the writing is what did it in. I'd have to go back and look at the actual text iirc, the handwriting caused "Seaville" to be misread as "Sayville" and the postal service decided to stick with that name because of the overabundance of Seavilles and lack of Sayvilles.  Tpanarese 03:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The best theory is that Sayville was named after Lord Saye, especially since the Edwards were Puritans. In addition, The Edwards came to East Hampton from Salem.

This Marlon Brando thing is getting kind of strange. According to "A History of the Sayville Community," Brando was picked out to play in "I Remember Mama" at the Sayville Summer Playhouse in 1944. He was approached while sitting at a bar in Cherry Grove. Although it seems that he was in attendance at the New School for Social Research, it is not clear if he was expelled (the Washington Post article cited in the Wikipedia article does not mention it, but then, it's an obituary). Either way, it's not relevant to *Sayville* as a town, so I think tpanarese was right in cutting it. Existent80 June 28, 2005 20:58 (UTC)

 * I was using "A History of the Sayville Community" as a guide as well, and it seems that all references to Brando being expelled from school in Sayville come from the same source. I think it's all being spread by the same person, fwiw.  Thanks for the backup. Tpanarese

Cynthia Blair of Newsday said that Brando got expelled from a Sayville school: http://www.newsday.com/features/custom/ithappened/longisland/ny-iholi062904story,0,5139728.htmlstory?coll=4thrail-bottom-promo

 * No, it says "he threw him out of the company". This is an example of jumping to conclusions & why wikipedians need to be careful with language - and suspect even their own sources - even Newsday sometimes jumps to conclusions - especially in "background" articles --JimWae 18:47, 2005 July 20 (UTC)

The "Company" is part of the New School! Cynthia Blair said, "Dramatic Workshop at the New School for Social Research." Mitchell Freedman of Newsday said, "Brando was in a production of the Dramatic Workshop at the New School for Social Research. " and "Piscator took the play to Sayville, but upon learning Brando spent the night with an actress named Blossom Plumb, he was thrown out of the company."

Go to the New School's website: www.newschool.edu/academic/drama.htm It says: "New School in the 1940s, Erwin Piscator's Dramatic Workshop taught promising young theater people including Marlon Brando"

PISCATOR WAS A TEACHER AT THE NEW SCHOOL!!! Piscator threw Brando out of the school at SAYVILLE!

 * Yes, but can one teacher throw a student out of a school? - and even if one could, being thrown out of the company meant he was out of the play - not out of the school--JimWae 07:21, 2005 August 1 (UTC)

Newsday specically said he was thrown out, as did several Brando biographies. In addition, it was a private school 60 years ago. It was a different world.

The acting company was part of the school.

 * No, Newsday says "thrown out of company" - unless a source can be found for more, it would be unencyclopedic to assert more --JimWae 16:02, 2005 August 2 (UTC)

THe company was PART of the New School. Mitchell Freedman of Newsday said, "Brando was in a production of the Dramatic Workshop at the New School for Social Research." What more proof than you want than that.

OK smarty pants, who owned the "Company" in Sayville, and who paid the rent for the classrooms??? It was the New School.

 * Yes, it does seem the company was sponsored by the New School - but being thrown out of a school production is not equivalent to being thrown out of the school itself - usually there are disciplinary measures tried before complete expulsion from school.--JimWae 06:48, 2005 August 3 (UTC)

 * Jim, this may be a long shot, but checking old issues of The Suffolk County News, which is a local Sayville paper might be a better source to clear this confusion up. The paper's been in business since the late 1800s and may have reported on at least some of Brando's work while he was in Sayville. Tpanarese 12:14, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I added this: "an acting company, of the New School, in Sayville" This is accrurate either way, whether he was kicked out of the entire school or not.

FACTS: 1. Brando was a student at the New School. 2. In the summer, teaching was done by the New School teachers, including Piscator in Sayville. 3. Brando was kicked out.

When I last looked, an entity that teaches, collects tuition and has a license from the state to teach is a school. The students were assigned to Sayville, and they got grades for what they did in Sayville. Brando was kicked out of this "entity." You mean it is not a school?

Final word on how Sayville got its name
After having a back and forth about "Salem" and "theories" and other disproven stories, I looked up the story of how Sayville got its name in "A History of the Sayville Community" and fixed the paragraph in this entry according to that source. The meeting date was two years off, and I paraprhased most of what the book says about the meeting and the spelling error and how the Postmaster General more or less decided that "Sayville" would be the town's name. Nowhere in any of the accounts does the name "Salem" appear (though "Saville" is briefly mentioned, which was kind of funny and I tacked on at the end there, as it is tacked on in the book), so this should be the final word on the topic. Tpanarese 03:10, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

==NOT SO FINAL

1. The "Salem Village" was always just an old legend

2. The postmaster theory was always just one of many theories.

 * The "Salem Village" was a fabrication and the postmaster story is the true story. The history stays. Tpanarese 18:14, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Newsday and New Warriors
The newsday link left goes to a very data-intensive page. (The Brando link that was there goes to a 'not found at all' page).

Also, Sayville gets some 'love' in the comic book 'New Warriors #4, October 1990. Fiction-wise, it is the site of a genetic research company run by idiots who control superhumans. Just thought fans of the town would like to know. Lots42 05:35, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

New External Link Suggestion
ShortListLI.com contains a Map of Sayville's restaurants, shops and other sights. Its a visual aid that shows people interested in the town where to park and where to go. The page is not advertising focused, as it allows local businesses to place free listings. Do you think this would be worthy as an addition?

Nking79 (talk) 18:57, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Acknowledging COI.
Hi, folks. I noticed the header was missing on the notable residents section. Because my BLP appears on that list, I have a COI. Please review as appropriate.— James Cantor (talk) 01:00, 31 December 2019 (UTC)

Sayville schools
Someone should add that Sayville high school is a blue ribbon school. 24.190.26.78 (talk) 21:11, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Done! 68.194.249.1 (talk) 20:31, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sayville, New York


text:
SPLC (disambiguation)

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American nonprofit civil rights organization.

SPLC may also refer to:

 * Software Product Line Conference, an annual international conference
 * Student Press Law Center, an American nonprofit journalism organization headquartered in Washington, D.C.
 * Standard Point Location Code, a 9-digit geographic code used by North American transportation industries
 * St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Hobart, Australia
 * St Peters Lutheran College, in Brisbane, Australia

title: SPLC (disambiguation)


text: User talk:61.95.184.6

title: User talk:61.95.184.6


text:
Avispa Fukuoka

Avispa Fukuoka (アビスパ福岡) is a Japanese professional football club based in Hakata, Fukuoka. They currently compete in the J1 League, which is the top tier of football in the country.

Earlier years in Fujieda
The club were originally based in Fujieda, Shizuoka and was founded as Chūō Bōhan SC in 1982 by the workers of security company Chuo Bohan in Fujieda, Shizuoka. They were promoted to the Japan Soccer League Division 2 in 1991. The club then participated in the newly founded former Japan Football League Division 2 in 1992 and were promoted to Division 1 in 1993. They changed their name to Fujieda Blux with intention to be a J.League member. However, with difficulties to have a stadium that met J.League requirements, and with local competition from Júbilo Iwata and Shimizu S-Pulse, the football fan base in Shizuoka prefecture was already considered saturated.

Move to Fukuoka (1994)
As a result, in 1994, the club decided to move to Fukuoka where the community was eager to have a J.League club. They adopted new name Fukuoka Blux and became a J.League associate member, while the amateur club of Chūō Bōhan was active in Fujieda until 2006.

1995 (JFL)
The first season in Fukuoka saw them win the JFL championship with help from Argentine Hugo Maradona and they were promoted to J.League. After becoming the champions of 1995 Japan Football League as Fukuoka Blux the team was admitted to the J.League in 1996 season.

1996–1998 (J.League)
Fukuoka Blux eventually decided to change their name to Avispa Fukuoka, in order to avoid a potential trademark dispute with men's clothier Brooks Brothers. "Avispa" itself means "wasp" in Spanish. The club acquired experienced players such as former Japanese international Satoshi Tsunami and defender Hideaki Mori but they finished lowly 15th in the 1996 season.

They finished bottom of the league two seasons in a row from 1997 to 1998, but were able to narrowly avoid relegation. This was because J.League were building foundation of J.League 2 for 1999. Therefore, no clubs were relegated and there were relegation/promotion play-offs for the first time at the end of 1998 season, in which Avispa were involved. Around this time, forward Yoshiteru Yamashita and midfielder Chikara Fujimoto were chosen for the Japanese national team.

1999–2001 (J1)
In 1999, they again reinforced the squad by acquiring experienced players such as former internationals Nobuyuki Kojima and Yasutoshi Miura as well as Yugoslavian Nenad Maslovar. They won a fierce relegation battle and eventually stayed up. In 2000, Argentine David Bisconti and Romanian Pavel Badea were transferred to Fukuoka and they finished club record 6th in the second stage. In 2001, the club acquired former Korean international Noh Jung-Yoon and Yoshika Matsubara but they finished 15th and were relegated to J2.

2002–2005 (J2)
In 2002, they kept experienced players and released younger players such as Daisuke Nakaharai and Yoshiteru Yamashita but they finished 8th out of 10. In 2002, with new manager Hiroshi Matsuda, they decided to recruit and nurture young players who graduated from local high schools instead of acquiring experienced footballers from other clubs. They initially struggled but came back well and finished 4th. In 2004, they finished 3rd and qualified for the play-offs but Kashiwa Reysol dashed their promotion hope by beating them home and away (the scoreline was both 2–0). In 2005, they finished 2nd and gained an automatic promotion to J1. Avispa players Hokuto Nakamura and Tomokazu Nagira represented Japan for the 2005 World Youth Championship in the Netherlands.

2006 (J1)
They had been involved in a relegation battle from the beginning of the season. They finished 16th and were relegated to J2 after the promotion/relegation play-offs against Vissel Kobe, which they tied twice, 0–0 in Kobe, then 1–1 at their home game. Like many J2 teams this has led to financial issues. The Daily Yomiuri reported that in 2006 Avispa needed 535 million yen in loans from the local prefectural and municipal governments.

2007–2008 (J2)
With relegation came another new manager, the former German international Pierre Littbarski. "Litti" arrived from the Australian A-League, bringing with him several experienced players such as Mark Rudan, Joel Griffiths and Ufuk Talay, but he was unable to steer Avispa to any notable success. Having finished 7th in 2007, an inability to compete near the top of the league led to Littbarski's sacking in mid-2008. He was replaced by former Avispa player Yoshiyuki Shinoda.

2009 (J2)
The departure of Littbarski coincided with the departure of the club's Australian players, who were largely replaced with youngsters from a number of Kyushu-based universities. After a reasonable start, Avispa's form has tailed off sharply, with a recent five-game losing streak including 6–0 and 5–0 thrashings away at Ventforet Kofu and Mito HollyHock respectively. The club finished in the lower half of the J2 table with promotion hopes dashed for another year.

2010 (J2)
Yoshiyuki Shinoda bolstered his squad for the 2010 season by adding more players from local University teams, and picked up midfielders Kosuke Nakamachi and Genki Nagasato who had previously played together at Shonan Bellmare. The season started slowly with the team picking up only 1 point out of a possible 15 in March, but then saw a dramatic improvement in performance as they went on to win 17 of the next 25 games including a come from behind victory against promotion rivals JEF United. As JEF United went on to drop more points Avispa secured promotion back to J1 with 2 games of the season left to play.

Popular striker Tetsuya Okubo was released at the end of the season, along with 4 other players as the squad was prepared for J1.

2011 (J1)
The promotion to J1 saw some significant changes to the squad as Takuya Matsuura was brought in to replace Genki Nagasato who departed to Ventforet Kofu under a cloud, Shogo Kobara, Kim Min-je and Takumi Wada coming in to bolster defence, while Sho Naruoka and Kentaro Shigematsu arrived to try to score the goals to keep the club in the division.

Tipped by all pundits on the J-League After Game Show to finish the season in 18th position, the players struggled to gel and went for the first 13 games of the season without earning a point. Despite improving slightly towards the mid-season break manager Shinoda left the club to be replaced by head coach Tetsuya Asano.

While results continued to improve, culminating in a 6–0 away win to Montedio Yamagata, the club could not pull themselves out of the relegation zone and finished the season in 17th position to be relegated to J2. At the end of the season the manager was changed again with Koji Maeda being brought in to replace the departing Asano.

2012 (J2)
The team was looking to bounce straight back to J1 upon their return to the second tier but endured the worst season in the history of the club as they finished a lowly 18th in the table; only winning 9 games all season and conceding 68 goals (only Gainare Tottori would concede more in the season). The end of the season saw Koji Maeda part ways with the club as they looked to rebuild towards a better 2013.

2013 (J2)
The club returned to hiring a non-Japanese manager for the first time since Pierre Littbarski as Slovenian Marijan Pusnik arrived. His arrival saw a greater emphasis given towards the development of young players at the club as rookies Yuta Mishima and Takeshi Kanamori were given chances in the first team.

Results on the pitch immediately improved and the club were competing around the play-off positions until a slump in form mid-season coincided with the announcement that the club needed ¥50 million to remain solvent. The club finished in 14th position, but found the money to stay afloat, with Pusnik agreeing to remain as manager for another season.

2014 (J2)
Avispa finished in 16th place. Pušnik's contract was not renewed and he returned to Slovenia.

2015 (Promotion to J1)
The club hired new coach Masami Ihara who twice handled Kashiwa Reysol in a caretaker capacity. They finished third and were promoted back to J1 in winning the promotion playoffs.

2016 (J1)
Avispa finished in 18th place and relegated to J2. League

2017 (J2)
Avispa finished in fourth place. In the "J1 promotion play-off", Avispa won the semi-final game 1–0 against Tokyo Verdy. In the final game however, the team had a scoreless draw, 0-0, with Nagoya Grampus leaving them in third place, meaning Avispa could not be promoted to J1.

2021–present (J1)
A second-place finish in the 2020 J2 League saw Avispa returned to J1 League for the first time since 2016.

On 4 November 2023, Avispa won the J.League Cup by defeating two-time winners Urawa Red Diamonds 2–1 in the final match of 2023 edition. It was the first major trophy in the history of the club.

League & cup record

 * Key
 * Pos. = Position in league; P = Games played; W = Games won; D = Games drawn; L = Games lost; F = Goals scored; A = Goals conceded; GD = Goals difference; Pts = Points gained
 * Attendance/G = Average home league attendance
 * † 2020 season attendance reduced due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
 * Source: J.League Data Site

Affiliated clubs

 * 🇧🇪 Sint-Truidense
 * 🇹🇭 Port FC

title: Avispa Fukuoka


text:
Jens Fink-Jensen

Jens Fink-Jensen (born 19 December 1956) is a Danish poet, author, photographer, composer and architect.

Biography
Fink-Jensen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. From 1968 to 1972 he attended school in Store Heddinge where he was a classmate with the Danish poet Søren Ulrik Thomsen. Fink-Jensen debuted as a writer at the age of 18 when his short story, Juni 1995 (June 1995), was published in the daily newspaper Information. The following year, four of his poems were published in the Danish literary magazine Hvedekorn. Fink-Jensen graduated in modern languages from Herlufsholm Boarding School in 1976 and subsequently performed his national service with the Royal Life Guard where he trained as an NCO. He later earned a degree in architecture in 1986 from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture in Copenhagen and a further education in multimedia design from the same Academy in 1997.

During the early 1980s, Fink-Jensen was part of a circle of young Danish poets which included Thomsen, Michael Strunge and the editor of Hvedekorn, Poul Borum. In October 1980, he helped arrange the NÅ!!80 festival, a two-day art festival in Copenhagen that combined art, concerts, and poetry readings, and sought to introduce Denmark to what was called the "Nå" generation.

Fink-Jensen published his first collection of poems, titled Verden i et øje (The World in an Eye), in 1981. He followed with two more books of poetry, and then in 1986, he published the collection of short stories Bæsterne (The Beasts). He has also written three children’s book in collaboration with the Danish illustrator Mads Stage: Jonas og konkylien (Jonas and the Conch Shell), Jonas og himmelteltet (Jonas and the Sky Tent) and Jonas og engletræet (Jonas and the Angel Tree). Jonas and the Sky Tent, which relates the story of a young boy's fantastic experiences in a magical circus bigtop, has been described as Chagall-like poetry. In 2008 his travel book The West Coast of Europe - a photo travel from Skagen to Gibraltar was published.

Performances
Jens Fink-Jensen performs at various venues such as music and literature festivals, high schools and libraries with his multimedia performance which combines poetry readings with music (synthesizer og saxophone) and slide show.

Exhibitions
Jens Fink-Jensen has had photo exhibitions in Denmark, France, Norway and Sweden:
 * Beijing Ansigt (Images of Beijing), with portraits of people and places in the Chinese capital, distributed in Denmark by Amnesty International.
 * Sydens Skibe (Ships of the South), showing mostly small fishing-boats and related people and surroundings by the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Coast of Europe and Morocco (displayed at museums in Denmark, Norway and Sweden).
 * The West Coast of Europe - a photographic journey from Skagen to Gibraltar, since 2008 displayed in Denmark (Esbjerg), France (Dunkirk) and The Netherlands (Rotterdam).

Paintings and poems
In 2012 Polish painter Kasia Banas started to work on a series of paintings inspired by Jens Fink-Jensen´s poetry. Some of the paintings were for the first time put on display 4 May to 2 June in Olga Santos Gallery in Porto, Portugal. 10 May the main exhibition of the project opened in Galeria Miejska in Banas´ hometown Wrocław, consisting of her paintings and the poems in Danish and in Polish translation. Later in 2012 the exhibition was displayed at The Danish Cultural Institute in Warsaw.

Publications

 * Verden i et øje, (The World in An Eye), poetry, 1981
 * Sorgrejser, (Travels in Sorrow), poetry, 1982
 * Dans under galgen, (Dancing Under the Gallows), poetry, 1983
 * Bæsterne, (The Beasts), short stories, 1986
 * Nær afstanden, (Near The Distance), poetry, 1988
 * Jonas og konkylien, (Jonas and the Conch Shell), children's book, 1994 (Illustrated by Mads Stage).
 * Forvandlingshavet, (The Sea of Change), poetry, 1995
 * Jonas og himmelteltet, (Jonas and the Sky Tent), children's book, 1998 (Illustrated by Mads Stage)
 * Alt er en åbning, (Everything is an Opening), poetry, 2002
 * Syd for mit hjerte. 100 udvalgte kærlighedsdigte (South of my Heart. 100 selected love poems), poetry, 2005
 * The West Coast of Europe - a photographic journey from Skagen to Gibraltar, photo travel book, 2008
 * Jonas og engletræet, (Jonas and the Angel Tree), children's book, 2010 (Illustrated by Mads Stage)

Translations
In 1999, his collection of poems Nær afstanden (Near the Distance) was published in Arabic, translated by Jamal Jumá (Alwah publishers, Madrid). A few of the poems had previously been published in the daily “Al-Quds” (London, 1996) and the periodical “Nizwa” (Sultanate of Oman, 1999). Iranian born poet Sheema Kalbasi, now living in the United States, has translated poems by Jens Fink-Jensen into English and Persian. Jens Fink-Jensen's travel book The West Coast of Europe - a photographic journey from Skagen to Gibraltar was published in English in 2008. Chilean poet Omar Pérez Santiago has in 2009 translated poems by Jens Fink-Jensen into Spanish. Among others, Polish artist Kasia Banas in 2012 translated poems by Jens Fink-Jensen into Polish. In August 2012 a collection including 28 poems by Jens Fink-Jensen was published in Poland, among others translated by Jósef Jarosz.

Honours

 * Danish Arts Foundation, 1982.
 * The Ministry of Culture's Commission for the Illustrated Danish Book, 1992.
 * The Danish Literature Council, 1997 and 1998.
 * The Danish Arts Council, 2007, 2008 and 2009.

title: Jens Fink-Jensen


text:
Louis Féraud

Louis Féraud (13 February 1921 – 28 December 1999) was a French fashion designer and artist.

In 1950, Louis Féraud created his first "Maison de Couture" in Cannes and by 1955 had established a couture house in Paris on 88, Rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré and 57, rue Pierre-Charron.

From the mid-1950s he was dressing the Parisian elite and designed the wardrobe of Brigitte Bardot for many of her movies. It wasn't however until 1958 that he presented his first haute couture collection in Paris.

In the early 1960s, Louis Féraud hired the designers Jean-Louis Scherrer, Margit Brandt, and Per Spook.

In 1970, he signed a contract with Fink (Germany) for a ladies' prêt-à-porter (ready-to-wear) collection. The year 1978 was an excellent one for Féraud: he won the "Golden Thimble Award" for his Spring/Summer 1978 Haute Couture Collection. He went on to claim this accolade again in 1984.

In 1981, he created the fragrance Fantasque and selected Avon cosmetics to distribute it in 1982. It was the company's first designer perfume and proved to be an instant success. Feraud followed up with two more fragrances created in collaboration with Avon: Vivage in 1984 and Cote d'Azur in 1988.

Meanwhile, his collection of honours continued to grow when Louis Féraud was elected Prince de l'Art de Vivre in 1991. In 1995, he was decorated Officier de la Légion d'honneur, by the French President. His daughter Kiki signed her first Haute Couture collection with Féraud in 1996. In September 1999, the Dutch group Secon acquired Féraud. He died that December, aged 78, after a long and severe battle with Alzheimer's.

The year 2000 saw Yvan Mispelaere join the group as artistic director and that July witnessed his first Haute Couture fashion show in "Musée des Monuments Français" in Paris. In 2002, the German Group ESCADA took 90% of the Féraud shares and Yvan Mispelaere left the company. Later that year, Féraud decided to concentrate its activities on ladies' ready-to-wear and licences, with Jean-Paul Knott selected as Creative Director for the luxury ready-to-wear market.

In 2003, Jean-Paul Knott left Féraud and that July the worldwide flagship store opened in Paris at 400 rue Saint-Honoré.

title: Louis Féraud


text:
Talk:Redburga

Moved here on suspicion of unfactuality

 * "She was the daughter of a Persian princess, Izdundad, AKA "Princess Dara," who was the daughter of the last of the Sassanian Kings of Persia, Yezdigird III. Princess Dara was taken to Babylon and given in marriage to the Exilarch of the Babylonian Jews, Bostanai ben Chananai, who was of the House of David and therefore a Davidic King or cheif of the Babylonian Jews.  Princess Dara's sister, Sharbano, was given in marriage to the Caliph Ali.

 * Bostanai and Princess Dara left Babylon and lived in the court of Charlemagne, where Raedburh was born and grew up, because Charlemagne wanted a Davidic Jew to be part of his court and help with the relations between the Christians and the Jews of the Holy Roman Empire."

I researched Bostanai a bit, and he's well-attested in Jewish sources, but the Redburga and Charlemagne relationship seem undocumented in anything plausible I could find. So, need some book titles... Stan 06:53, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Everybody's wrong
The beauty of the internet is that you can spin a simple error into a far more grandiose myth. Saint Ida appears to have been a different person. Raedburh/Redburga, for her part, may not even exist. And she was definitely not the great-granddaughter of Charlemagne--that is probably a misreading of those genealogies that describe her as a great-granddaughter of Charles Martel. As for the exiled Jewish Exilarch, I have no information, only skepticism. Italo Svevo 22:19, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Redburga's parents - who knows?
According to some genealogy sources (e.g. http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/persons/per03391.htm#0) her father was a Jew who renamed himself as Theodoric. Many genealogy websites say this, but they have probably all copied from each other. Does anyone know how to find out if this is true? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.200.80.136 (talk) 04:44, 19 January 2007 (UTC).

 * There are few genealogical sources showing her to be the daughter of Aldana Martel and Makhir of Narbonne, a Babylonian Jew of a Davidic lineage. Although, I'm not certain of this outlandish claim but it is well-documented that the Jews served in the court of Pepin the Younger and his son, Charlemagne and there have been social and cultural interactions between the Jews and the Franks in the 7th to 9th centuries. Whether there have been any intimate or personal relationship between the Jews and the Franks is not known or documented. To be frank (no pun intended), there is a real hidden history in that period of the Carolingians that we do not know but can only speculate; or maybe the fact certain documented medieval sources pertaining to individual Jewish and Frankish figures or their relationships may have been either lost, destroyed, hidden or not yet discovered. The bottom line is there is the well-documented history of the Carolingian figures we know now and there is the hidden history of the Jewish-Frankish interactions and relationships of that particular period we can only speculate or theorize. I realize it may be a stretch but the logic of close interaction between ethnic communities in one realm tells me otherwise. Sundehul  —Preceding comment was added at 03:14, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Redburga


text: Category:Encryption device accessories

title: Category:Encryption device accessories


text:
Gorm

Gorm may refer to:

Computing

 * Gorm (computing), a rapid application development tool
 * GORM, the "fantastic ORM library" for the Go programming language
 * Grails Object-Relational Mapping, see

People

 * Gorm the Old (died 958), Danish king
 * Gorm, Danish chieftain defeated by the Welsh king Rhodri the Great in 855
 * Gorm Jensen (1886–1968), Danish Olympic gymnast
 * Prince Gorm of Denmark (1919–1991), grandson of King Frederik VIII
 * Gorm Henrik Rasmussen (born 1955), Danish poet
 * Gorm Kjernli (born 1981), Norwegian politician

Other uses

 * Danish ironclad Gorm, a monitor built for the Royal Danish Navy in the 1860s
 * Gorm Gulthyn, a god in Dungeons & Dragons
 * House of Gorm, a Danish ruling family
 * Sail Gorm, a mountain range in Sutherland, Scotland
 * Island of Gorm, a fictional place from the children's toy 'Gormiti'
 * Gorm, the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for "blue"; see
 * Gorm, a range of storage furniture sold by Swedish outlet IKEA
 * Gorm Field, a natural gas and oil field in the North Sea
 * Gorm Field, a natural gas and oil field in the North Sea

title: Gorm


text:
Zosteraceae

Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water, having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of Zostera subgenus Zostera.

Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as monophyletic. The APG II system of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the monocot order Alismatales. The family contains approximately twenty-two species divided between two genera, Phyllospadix and Zostera totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). Zostera contains three subgenera: Heterozostera (formerly considered a separate genus ), Zostera and Zosterella. Zosteraceae is closely related to Potamogetonaceae, a family of freshwater aquatics.

Zosteraceae is a conserved name.

Taxonomy
Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae. Related families: Potamogetonaceae and sometimes including Zannichelliaceae.

title: Zosteraceae


text: Category:Cryptographic hardware

title: Category:Cryptographic hardware


text:
L'Argentière-la-Bessée

L'Argentière-la-Bessée (L'Argentièra) is a commune of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Alps in southeastern France.

The town lies on the River Durance, which is used for kayaking, white-water rafting and other water sports. The Argentiere Canoe Slalom Course is in the Durance River south of the town. The town is located on the edge of the Écrins National Park. There is an SNCF station in the town with trains running to Briançon and Paris. The village has an old silver mine (which is where the name of L'Argentière derived from), which is now opened to tourists.

title: L'Argentière-la-Bessée


text:
Maynard Pioneer Museum

The Maynard Pioneer Museum and Park is a museum and park located within Maynard, Arkansas.

Collection
The centerpiece of the museum is a log cabin dating to the late 19th and early 20th century, with original furnishings and historic newspaper clippings. There are also a variety of period photographs donated by local Randolph County residents. A museum annex was built in 1982, housing examples of period furniture and other objects.

Events
Every year, the Maynard Pioneer Museum holds "Pioneer Day". Students from Maynard High School set up booths and games for the day. The events include a "You might be a redneck" joke competition and a Pet Parade.

title: Maynard Pioneer Museum


text:
Argentière

Argentière is a picturesque skiing, alpine walking and mountaineering village in the French Alps, part of the commune of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, at an altitude of 1252 m.

Geography
Argentière is located near the head of the Valley of Chamonix approximately 7 km from Chamonix town. It is connected by road with Switzerland by the pass over the Col des Montets and the Col de la Forclaz to Martigny in the Rhône Valley. The village also lies on the route of the scenic Mont-Blanc Express railway which runs from Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet station through Chamonix, Argentière and Vallorcine before crossing the France–Switzerland border at Le Châtelard, passing through Finhaut before reaching the end of the line in Martigny.

The Argentière Glacier, which lies to the southeast of the village, is bound on its northeast side by the Aiguille du Chardonnet, the Aiguille d'Argentière and the Tour Noir, as well as on its southwest by the Aiguille Verte, Les Droites and Les Courtes. This area is generally known as the Argentière basin.

Winter sports
Argentiere is a popular destination for skiing, snowboarding and snowshoeing, attracting many skiers and snowboarders in the winter season – typically mid-December to early May – and is an ideal location for those who seek an exceptional alpine sports experience. The village is an equally popular location in summer season – June to September – for alpine walkers, rock and ice climbers, and as a base for many other alpine sports activities.

Argentière is the starting point for the Téléphérique du Lognan cable car up to Les Grands Montets (3295 m), a skiing area famous for its steep and demanding slopes, both on-piste as well as off-piste. In total, the skiing area is served by a cable car (in two sections), a gondola, five chairlifts and some skilifts. Along with the Vallée Blanche, Les Grands Montets draws skiers from all around the world to the Chamonix Valley each and every year.

Because of its central location three other ski areas, the Valle Blanche, Domaine de Balme[Le Tour/Vallorcine] and Brevent/Flegere are a short journey from Argentiere by Chamonix Bus or the Mont Blanc Express local train.

Overall a total of four easily accessible 'snow-sure' systems, mostly above 2000 m that together provide more than 150 km of marked pistes and trails plus extensive off-piste areas with runs suitable for all grades of skier from Beginner to Advanced.

title: Argentière


text: Category:Cryptanalytic devices

title: Category:Cryptanalytic devices


text: Category:Frankish people

title: Category:Frankish people


text:
Mice (disambiguation)

Mice is the plural form of mouse, a rodent.

Mice or MICE may also refer to:

Acronyms

 * International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
 * Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions
 * Metafile image code execution
 * Multiple imputation of chained equations
 * Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers
 * Money, Ideology, Compromise, and Ego, an acronym in counter-human intelligence for reasons why people commit treason

Music

 * Mice, a band formed by Julianne Regan of All About Eve fame
 * The Mice (band), a pop band based in Cleveland, USA

Television

 * "The Mice" (The Outer Limits), a 1964 episode of the television series

Science and technology

 * Mice Galaxies, NGC 4676, two merging spiral galaxies
 * Plural of computer mouse

title: Mice (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Debutante

The Assembly
Does The Assembly need to be disambiguated, as it currently points to a synth pop band? (presumably one that doesn't perform at cotillions) Ziggurat 07:09, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Advertisement
I feel that the reference to the Hotel Crillon in the 'see also' is basically an advertisement and I am considering taking it out. Why should it be the ONLY hotel mentioned that hosts a bal? There are many others around the world that are just as important and grandiose (IE Waldorf Astoria for the international debutante ball for over 50 years). The Crillon does not even have a real ball. For less than 15 years now, it is a pseudo-debutante, meant to look like the real thing but the lack of any real charity(I have heard only 30,000USD in 2008), lack of sincerity by the participants, and the fact the the guest list is formed by a PR company in order to promote a host of products (jewelry, accessories, dresses, HOTELS, etc) makes this just a promotional event and not a genuine debutante. Please tell me if anyone prefers that the hotel stays and instead we just publish a long list of hotels of the world that feature debutantes? (Of course I don't have time to make the list... its easier to just exclude the hotel from 'see also' 178.146.82.203 (talk)

Strange Section
What is any of this about? Why so many capitalized phrases? "Though the White American Society pays little attention to the Greater Contributions of the African American Social Orders and Fraternal Organizations.The African Americans recognize their own Sovereign Debutantes and their Cotillions that they themselves present.The Jack and Jill Society as well as The Beautillions that they themselves also present, are a Wonderful example of how the Fabulous and Marvelous plight and introduction of our Dear and Loved Forefathers" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.253.61.44 (talk) 03:30, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

This is gone by now. It currently reads in United States > American debutante balls:

"The African American community has a long tradition of charitable events and activities since the early 20th century. A large portion of these activities happened during social events and formal activities, namely, cotillions and debutante balls. It was at these events that those African Americans who had the means to expand their wealth were able to meet with other successful African Americans, and make social and political and economic connections. These formal cotillion and debutante balls still thrive as a viable outlet for those seeking success to participate in one of the most traditional vestiges of the African American upper class.[9][10][11]" Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) (talk) 11:11, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

opening paragraph
what is a "representative family"? I've never heard of the phrase in the UK, is it common in the USA? Markb 11:26, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The phrase "representative family" is used on the National Debutante Ball and Cotillion website http://www.thecotillion.org/ and may be particular to Washington DC "official" society. Anyone else have a clue? PKM 19:20, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, now tell me what the heck "Cotillion" means! Markb 08:08, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * A cotillion was originally a dance of the late 18th century, typically the last dance at an assembly or ball. The term now also has the US meaning of any social event with an emphasis on ballroom dancing and traditional formal etiquette.

 * A cotllion or "junior cotillion" may also be an organization which teaches young people the dances and behaviors they need to know to behave "properly" at a formal ball, through a series of dances and etiquette classes (table manners, giving and wearing corsages, managing a long skirt when getting in and out of a car, whatever). I believe the term "cotillion" is more common for a debutante ball in the South and East.
 * See http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textc/Cotillion.html (definitions), http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/howtoCOT.htm (the dance type), http://www.californiajuniorcotillion.com/ (etiquette training). PKM 18:56, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * many thanks! Markb 10:58, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Proposed Merger
See the discussion at Debutante ball... Mgcsinc 22:35, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

English
There was some shocking English in this peice. I fixed it. --82.36.205.181 17:50, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Now Featuring...
Recently I rewrote debutante ball to merge it with this one. I also added the illustrations. Zena Dhark …·°º•ø®@» 01:14, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Who can help with citations on this article???? Please Leave Comments Here I never went to my prom. ! Zena Dhark …·°º•ø®@» 05:46, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Philippine Debut?
Why don't they have philippine debuts section? This is an outrage! *lol*

I re-added the previous Philippines Debut entry from a year ago. For some reason, someone took it out after a year. Anywho, it's in the article again. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.230.202.22 (talk) 02:49, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

The "Philippine" section of this wiki entry needs more research and citations, like the separate "Philippine Debut" entry. Also, I find the statement, "It is said that the number of débuts females and males have been involved in, as a cotillion member, serves as a mark of their popularity" absolutely ridiculous. There are a myriad of reasons why a host would choose a cotillion member, including, most especially, the availability of an individual (not just for the actual event but for rehearsals) and his or her capability to perform. Sandra5482 (talk) 04:48, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

Writing Style Corrections
I just wanted to note that the writing of the article is quite poor, but in a subtle way. There are many run-on sentences, and many places (especially towards the beginning of the article) where the writer is trying to phrase things in a complicated fashion without properly structuring the sentence. There's also occasional problems with tenses and plural words where it looks like two sentences were strung together that shouldn't be. While you get the gist of the meaning, it's choppy to read and it can be hard to really understand the flow of what is being said.

I think someone should go through it - not to change the content! The content is very informative. But I think it just needs to be rephrased so as to flow smoothly. People will enjoy it way more that way; it's a very interesting and romantic subject. :) Just a note to whoever edits these things. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.46.8.26 (talk) 05:26, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Classification
I am reclassifying this as a C since the references leave much to be desired. Crisco 1492 (talk) 14:42, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

Information
Only at one spot in the entire article does it mention the age of the debutantes (age 21). I've always understood that in the U.S., at least, the usual age for a girl's debut is 18. I hope those of you with more expertise about debuts will go over the article and add specific ages where appropriate. ElsaObuchowski (talk) 13:51, 24 June 2011 (UTC)Elsa Obuchowski 6/24/11

Actually, the article said in the US, debutantes are ages 16 to 19. Today, many cotillion clubs, assemblies, etc., are changing the debut age to 21 because the legal drinking age is 21, not 18 years old as in the past. Issues with liability and the age of the deb's escorts have played into this change that is occurring. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.71.2.216 (talk) 13:07, 14 March 2014 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:54, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Débutante → Debutante – The article was moved in 2009 without discussion, with this edit summary: The OED entry is now at. However the two most recent citations in the OED both omit the accent. Merriam-Webster lists "debutante". Google Ngram shows that the unaccented word is the overwhelming favorite.   Will Beback    talk    05:07, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * moved Debutante to Débutante over redirect: The OED lists this term with the acute accent, prescribes only the French pronunciation, and does not mention the accent-less spelling as an alternative: http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50058435   Will Beback    talk    05:07, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Support. Ngram misses the overwhelming majority of diacritic marks, so the one above doesn't tell you anything relevant. "OED" here presumably refers to the 1989 edition. But it does not seem to represent Oxford's current thinking on this issue, as you can see here and here. Besides Merriam-Webster, linked above, the diacritic-free spelling of this word is given by Random House, and American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, MacMillan Dictionary, and Collins English Dictionary. (That's three American dictionaries, two British.) Kauffner (talk) 07:23, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. [After edit conflict:] The OED link above is not useful to editors in general, especially since the contents are undescribed. Let's do better than that. In fact the current OED entry is "débutant", with a lemma for "débutante". The option "debutant[e]" is not mentioned, though some citations have it.
 * An important note concerning Google ngrams: These are utterly misleading and unreliable for distinguishing "e" and "é". See ngrams for "in a Paris café,in a Paris cafe", 1990–2000. It is ridiculous to suppose that "in a Paris cafe" predominates like that. Compare Googlebooks evidence for "in a Paris cafe" (Preview and full view›Books›Jan 1, 1990–Dec 12, 2011›; and biased toward no acute), which usually ignores the distinction in question, for the same period. About a third of 100 hits are with the acute.
 * N oetica Tea? 07:43, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Can you show any evidence that the version with the accent is still used more commonly? The OED's last citation with the accent is from 1904, while it's more recent cites are without it (for some reason the OED link worked earlier but now is behind a paywall). The more contemporary dictionaries don't use the accent. More Google results:
 * ["Débutante" -"Debutante"] = about 7,720,000 results
 * ["Debutante" -"Débutante"] = about 23,000,000 results
 * By that measure, the unaccented version seems almost three times as common.   Will Beback    talk    09:00, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I get 1,090 / 32,300 ==> 3.4 percent usage for the diacritic. Kauffner (talk) 09:16, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Sorry, Will. That Google evidence is also badly compromised. On top of Google's unreliable reporting of diacriticals, the estimates it makes are wild and skittish. The algorithms used in generating them are not published, and subject to unnotified change.
 * When I vote at an RM, I am ready to be persuaded by sound evidence and argument – so long as the interests of real readers are really served. That's my sovereign principle. In this case, let's see a withdrawal of evidence that is so seriously questioned, and clear the air. I want the best outcome; and I opposed because it was not yet perfectly clear what that outcome might be. OK?
 * N oetica Tea? 09:26, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Sure, let's use the best evidence available. I agree that Google is hard to use on these issues and appreciate your best efforts to find the right solution.    Will Beback    talk    09:35, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Support move. Google is generally unhelpful in diacritics questions, so better to go with the form used by modern English dictionaries. Based on the above evidence it looks like "debutante" is the prevalent form in English. Jafeluv (talk) 14:55, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Moist Sock
Débutantes would also wear pearls but many would also wear moist socks that belonged to the family.

What on earth is a Moist Sock, and what does it have to do with a debutante's jewellery choice? — Preceding unsigned comment added by PaddyMcMack (talk • contribs) 08:58, 4 November 2016 (UTC)

Based on internet search for "Moist Sock", it seems to be sexual slang added as a crude joke. It was corrected by the time I read this. Now reads:

"Débutantes would also wear pearls but many would also wear jewellery that belonged to the family." Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) (talk) 11:06, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

Tagging User:PaddyMcMack. Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) (talk) 17:01, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Merge to Debutante ball?
and others: Having evaluated this article, doesn't it seems evident it should afterall simply be merged with Debutante ball? With lead section section stating somewhere that "participants are known as debutantes"? Doesn't all text contents seems to deal with different kinds of debutante balls anyway? PPEMES (talk) 12:33, 29 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No. At least in the UK debs did things other than going to balls. It's worth reading the article. However, a debs ball is an event attended by debs (and others) so a merge in the other direction is arguable (though probably still not a good idea). Thincat (talk) 11:21, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * ❌ They are two completely different concepts. Zhl025 (talk) 08:37, 1 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the uncontested objections and no support. Klbrain (talk) 21:43, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage.) Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://www.florentinegloves.com/history.html, https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/debutante-don-new-york-playwright-article-1.1786318, and https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:919174/PDF/?embed=true?embed=true. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. DanCherek (talk) 05:28, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

Debutante or débutante?
This article uses "debutante " and "débutante" (with an acute accent) inconsistently and should be standardised. The WP Manual of Style guidance is that "the use of diacritics (such as accent marks) for foreign words is neither encouraged nor discouraged; their usage depends on whether they appear in verifiable reliable sources in English". The vast majority of sources used in this article do not use the accent. The main use of the accent is in older sources, and modern usage seems to not use it. I propose changing the article to use "debutante" without the accent throughout, except in titles or citations which use the accent. Any comments? Masato.harada (talk) 10:33, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

Merge from Debutante ball
Not all debutante events are balls, but it seems much of our coverage in this article is about balls. Debutante ball is very short and repeats what is already mentioned here, so merging and intentionally covering debutante balls here makes sense to me. -- Beland (talk) 17:29, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 14:09, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Debutante


text:
Rivervale, Western Australia

Rivervale is an inner eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is near the Swan River, 5 km from the Perth central business district, and within the City of Belmont.

Rivervale was known as Barndon Hill until 1884.

Bus

 * 51 Perth Busport to Cannington Station – serves Orrong Road
 * 270 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to High Wycombe Station – serves Great Eastern Highway and Belmont Avenue
 * 935 Kings Park to Redcliffe Station (high frequency) – serves Great Eastern Highway, Kooyong Road, Alexander Road and Belmont Avenue
 * 940 Elizabeth Quay Bus Station to Redcliffe Station (high frequency) – serves Great Eastern Highway

title: Rivervale, Western Australia


text:
User talk:Babbage/Todo

Orfeu negro

Ervin Drake

title: User talk:Babbage/Todo


text:
Vijayadasami

Vijayadasami may refer to:
 * Vijayadashami, Hindu festival, also known as Dusshera
 * Vijayadasami (film), 2007 Indian Telugu-language film

title: Vijayadasami


text:
Tales from the Crypt (film)

Tales from the Crypt is a 1972 British horror film directed by Freddie Francis. It is an anthology film consisting of five separate segments, based on short stories from the EC Comics series Tales from the Crypt by Al Feldstein, Johnny Craig, and Bill Gaines. The film was produced by Amicus Productions and filmed at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England.

In the film, five strangers (Joan Collins, Ian Hendry, Robin Phillips, Richard Greene and Nigel Patrick) in a crypt encounter the mysterious Crypt Keeper (Ralph Richardson), who makes each person in turn foresee the manner of their death. It is one of several Amicus horror anthologies produced during the 1970s.

Plot
Intro

While viewing old catacombs in the English countryside, five strangers stumble into a room with a mysterious Crypt Keeper (Ralph Richardson), who details how each of them will die.

...And All Through the House
 * Taken from The Vault of Horror #35 (February–March 1954).

The beautiful and glamorous Joanne Clayton kills her much older husband Richard on Christmas Eve to collect his assurance. She prepares to hide his body, but is interrupted by a radio announcement of a homicidal maniac lurking in the night. She sees the killer (who is dressed in a Santa Claus costume) outside her home, but cannot call the police without exposing her own crime. She locks up the doors and windows, before dragging her husband’s body and plummeting it down the basement.

After cleaning up the murder scene, Joanne attempts to phone the police (with the intention of making them believe the maniac killed her husband). However, her young daughter Carol — believing the maniac to be Santa — unlocks the door and lets him into the house, whereupon he strangles Joanne to death by the fire.

Reflection of Death
 * Taken from Tales from the Crypt #23 (April–May 1951).

Carl Maitland abandons his family to be with his secretary, Susan Blake. After they drive off together, they are involved in a car accident. He wakes up, having been thrown clear of the wrecked and burned car, and attempts to hitchhike home, but everyone he meets reacts with horror upon seeing him.

Arriving at his house, he sees his wife with another man. He knocks on the door, but she screams and slams the door. He then goes to see Susan, only to find that she is blind from the accident. She says that Carl died two years ago in the crash. Glancing at a reflective tabletop, he sees he has the face of a rotting corpse and screams in horror. Carl then wakes up and finds out that it was a dream, but the moment he does, the crash occurs as previously seen.

Poetic Justice
 * Taken from The Haunt of Fear #12 (March–April 1952).

James Elliot lives with his father Edward across from the home of elderly dustman Arthur Edward Grimsdyke, who owns a number of dogs and entertains children in his house. While both the Elliots are snobs who resent Grimsdyke as a blight on their neighbourhood, James strongly detests the old man enough to conduct a smear campaign against him: first having his beloved dogs taken by animal control (although one of them returns to him), then persuading a member of the council to have him removed from his job, and later exploiting parents' paranoid fears about child molestation. Unbeknownst to James, Grimsdyke dabbles in the occult and holds a seance by himself to confer with his late wife.

On Valentine's Day, James sends Grimsdyke a number of poison-pen Valentines, supposedly from the neighbours, driving the old man to suicide. Exactly one year later, Grimsdyke rises from the grave and takes revenge on James. The next morning, Edward finds his son, bloodied and dead, with a note that reads, "HAPPY VALENTINE'S DAY..YOU WERE MEAN AND CRUEL..RIGHT FROM THE START..NOW YOU REALLY HAVE NO.." The final word is revealed by James' still-beating heart inside the folded end of the paper, horrifying Edward.

Wish You Were Here
 * Taken from The Haunt of Fear #22 (November–December 1953). A variation on W. W. Jacobs's short story "The Monkey's Paw".

Ineffective, ruthless businessman Ralph Jason is close to financial ruin. His wife Enid notices, for the first time, the inscription on a Chinese figurine in the couple's collection, which grants three wishes to the owner. Enid decides to wish for a fortune and, surprisingly, the wish comes true, but Ralph is killed, seemingly in a car crash, on the way to his lawyer's office to collect the money. The lawyer, Charles Gregory, then advises Enid she will inherit a fortune from her deceased husband's life insurance plan; however, when he learns of the manner of the wish granted that she made, he warns her not to wish Ralph back since he remembered the consequences of a similar story in which a mother wished her dead son back, only to be horrified by his gruesome appearance and forced to use the last wish to send him back to the grave. Against Gregory's explicit advice, Enid uses her second wish to bring him back to the way he was just before the accident, but he is returned in his coffin, still dead, as his death was due to a heart attack immediately before the crash and caused by fright upon seeing the figure of "death" following him on a motorcycle.

Once more, Gregory warns Enid not to make a final wish and just let Ralph rest in peace. As Gregory goes outside to get some fresh air, she uses her final wish to bring Ralph back to life and to live forever. When Gregory comes back inside, he discovers too late that Enid again went against his warning. Gregory points out to her that Ralph was embalmed and he is suffering from the effects of the embalming liquid. Enid tries to kill Ralph to end his pain but, because she wished for him to live forever, he cannot be killed. As a result, she has now trapped him in eternal agony and thus making her regret those last two wishes.

Blind Alleys
 * Taken from Tales from the Crypt #46 (February–March 1955).

Major William Rogers becomes the new director of a home for the blind, and exploits his position to live in luxury with his German Shepherd Shane, while his drastic financial cuts to food and heating reduce the residents' quality of life. Rogers gets his comeuppance after he ignores the pleas of resident George Carter to both make the living conditions more bearable and later to get medical treatment for fellow resident Greenwood, who then dies from hypothermia. Carter leads a revolt to subdue the staff before locking Rogers and Shane in separate rooms in the basement, and they then construct a small maze of narrow corridors between the two rooms. After two days left to starve, Rogers is released and forced to find his way through the maze for his freedom, getting past one corridor lined with razor blades once Carter turns the lights on; but Rogers finds his last obstacle to be a ravenous Shane who does not seem to recognise him. He flees back towards the razors, only for Carter to turn the lights off. Rogers is heard screaming as the hungry dog catches up with him and kills him.

Finale

After completing the final tale, the Crypt Keeper reveals that he was not warning them of what would happen, but telling them what has already happened: they have all "died without repentance". There is one clue to this twist in that Joan Collins' character is wearing the brooch her husband had given her for Christmas just before she killed him. The door to Hell opens and Joanne, Carl, James, Ralph, and Major Rogers all enter (Ralph enters first and is seen falling down into a fiery abyss). "And now, who's next?" asks the Crypt Keeper, turning to face the camera as he says "Perhaps...YOU?" The scene pulls away as the entrance to the Crypt Keeper's lair is in flames.

Cast
Wraparounds:
 * Ralph Richardson as The Crypt Keeper
 * Geoffrey Bayldon as The Guide

"...And All Through the House":
 * Joan Collins as Joanne Clayton
 * Martin Boddey as Richard Clayton
 * Chloe Franks as Carol Clayton
 * Oliver MacGreevy as Homicidal Maniac
 * Robert Rietti as Radio Announcer (voice, uncredited)

"Reflection of Death":
 * Ian Hendry as Carl Maitland
 * Susan Denny as Mrs. Maitland
 * Angela Grant as Susan Blake
 * Peter Fraser as Motorist
 * Frank Forsyth as Tramp

"Poetic Justice":
 * Robin Phillips as James Elliot
 * David Markham as Edward Elliot
 * Peter Cushing as Arthur Edward Grimsdyke
 * Robert Hutton as Mr. Baker
 * Manning Wilson as Vicar
 * Clifford Earl as Police Sergeant
 * Edward Evans as Constable Ramsey
 * Irene Gawne as Mrs. Phelps
 * Stafford Medhurst as Mrs. Phelps' son

"Wish You Were Here":
 * Richard Greene as Ralph Jason
 * Barbara Murray as Enid Jason
 * Roy Dotrice as Charles Gregory
 * Jane Sofiano as Secretary
 * Peter Thomas as Pallbearer
 * Hedger Wallace as Detective

"Blind Alleys":
 * Nigel Patrick as Major William Rogers
 * Patrick Magee as George Carter
 * George Herbert as Greenwood
 * Harry Locke as Harry the Cook
 * Tony Wall as Attendant
 * John Barrard as Blind Man (uncredited)

Development
Milton Subotsky of Amicus Productions had long been a fan of EC Comics' Tales from the Crypt and eventually persuaded his partner Max Rosenberg to buy the rights. The copyright owner, William Gaines, insisted on script approval.

Funding
The budget of £170,000 was higher than usual for an Amicus production, and was partly funded by American International Pictures.

Casting
Peter Cushing was originally offered the part played by Richard Greene, but wanted to try something different and played the elderly Grimsdyke instead.

Filming dates
Filming started on 13 September 1971 and finished in 1972.

Release
The film premièred in North America on 8 March 1972, and in the UK on 28 September 1972.

Critical reception
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "It's put together something like the comic books, with the old Crypt Keeper acting as host and narrator. In the movie version, he is played with suitable ham by Ralph Richardson". Vincent Canby of The New York Times felt the film lacked style and was too heavy-handed in its morality.

In retrospective reviews, Craig Butler of AllMovie said, "It has a certain magnetism about it that is hard to resist and which accounts for its enduring popularity. There's something about Crypt that makes even jaded viewers feel like they're kids sitting in their rooms late at night with the lights out, telling eerie tales with the aid of a flashlight." Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine rated it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "the undercurrent of sternness is tempered by a truly bottomless roster of campy excess". Anthony Arrigo of Dread Central wrote, "The greatest strength in Tales comes not from the acting or directing – both of which are perfectly sound – but in the rich stories culled from the comics." Chris Alexander of Fangoria wrote, "[F]rom its first frames to its invasive final shot, this classic British creeper offers an unrelenting study in the art of the macabre."

, Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reported that 90% of 21 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 7.07/10.

Home media
The film was released on VHS in North America by Prism Entertainment Corp in 1985, then by Starmaker Home Video in 1989, and finally by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, under their Selections label, in 1998.

In the UK, it was released on VHS in 1988 by CBS Fox Video, having been rated 18 without cuts by the BBFC.

It was released on DVD in the United Kingdom on 28 June 2010. It received its first Blu-ray release from Shock Records distribution in Australia on 2 November 2011.

The film, paired with another Amicus anthology, The Vault of Horror, was released on a double-feature DVD on 11 September 2007. Shout! Factory released the same double feature on Blu-ray on 2 December 2014.

Points of interest

 * Only two of the stories are from EC's Tales from the Crypt comic book. The reason for this, according to Creepy founding editor Russ Jones, is that producer Milton Subotsky did not own a run of the original EC comic book but instead adapted the movie from the two paperback reprints given to him by Jones. The story "Wish You Were Here" was reprinted in the paperback collection The Vault of Horror (Ballantine, 1965). The other four stories in the movie were among the eight stories reprinted in Tales from the Crypt (Ballantine, 1964).
 * Richardson's hooded Crypt Keeper, more sombre than the EC original (as illustrated by Al Feldstein and Jack Davis), has a monk-like appearance and resembles EC's GhouLunatics. In the EC horror comics, the other horror hosts (the Old Witch and the Vault Keeper) wore hoods, while the Crypt Keeper did not.
 * The earlier Amicus anthology film Torture Garden features a similar ending breaking the fourth wall.
 * The screenplay was adapted into a tie-in novel by Jack Oleck, Tales from the Crypt (Bantam, 1972). Oleck, who wrote the novel Messalina (1950), also scripted for EC's Picto-Fiction titles, Crime Illustrated, Shock Illustrated and Terror Illustrated. A tie-in novel was also written by Oleck for the later Amicus anthology film The Vault Of Horror, released in 1973.

Connections to the TV series
"...And All Through the House", "Blind Alleys" and "Wish You Were Here" were all somewhat remade into episodes for the Tales From the Crypt television show. "Blind Alleys" and "Wish You Were Here" were both changed.

 * "...And All Through the House" had the woman killing her husband so that she can take her daughter and live with her boyfriend. The episode ended with her daughter letting the axe-wielding maniac into the house as he quotes "Naughty or Nice" with the episode ending with the woman screaming. The Crypt Keeper stated that the daughter was not harmed because the escaped maniac “preferred older women... in pieces”.
 * "Blind Alleys" was now "Revenge is the Nuts" and was about a beautiful blind girl (portrayed by Teri Polo) who comes to live at a house for the blind where the sadistic director (played by The Dead Zone's Anthony Zerbe) tries to sexually assault her. In the end, she and the other residents take their revenge on the director in the same fashion as in the original story.
 * "Wish You Were Here" is similar to the TV series' 7th-season episode "Last Respects" in that both borrow plot elements from W. W. Jacobs's classic short story "The Monkey's Paw" and both are directed by the original film's director Freddie Francis. Like many of the show's episodes, "Last Respects" uses the title of an existing story from the comics (Tales From The Crypt #23), but does not use the story itself. The statue from the film is reverted to the original monkey's paw in the TV episode, and the story now deals with three sisters who come into possession of it. One wishes for 1 million pounds, and she and the second sister are in a car crash where she dies, and her life insurance policy is for 1 million pounds. When the third sister wishes that the dead sister was the way she was just before the crash, she learns that she was actually killed by the second sister. In a form of revenge, the third sister gives her last wish to her sister, but she did not say which sister she wanted to give it to, thus beating the monkey's paw at its own game. The third wish is transferred to the dead sister, who comes back from the dead to kill the second sister.

title: Tales from the Crypt (film)