text:
Daphnis and Chloe

Daphnis and Chloe (Δάφνις καὶ Χλόη, Daphnis kai Chloē) is a Greek pastoral novel written during the Roman Empire, the only known work of second-century Hellenistic romance writer Longus.

Setting and style
It is set on the Greek isle of Lesbos, where scholars assume the author to have lived. Its style is rhetorical and pastoral; its shepherds and shepherdesses are wholly conventional, but the author imparts human interest to this idealized world. Daphnis and Chloe resembles a modern novel more than does its chief rival among Greek erotic romances, the Aethiopica of Heliodorus, which is remarkable more for its plot than for its characterization.

Plot summary
Daphnis and Chloe is the story of a boy (Daphnis) and a girl (Chloe), each of whom is abandoned at birth along with some identifying tokens. A goatherd named Lamon discovers Daphnis, and a shepherd called Dryas finds Chloe. Each decides to raise the child he finds as his own. Daphnis and Chloe grow up together, herding the flocks for their foster parents. They fall in love but, being naive, do not understand what is happening to them. Philetas, a wise old cowherd, explains to them what love is and tells them that the only cure is kissing. They do this. Eventually, Lycaenion, a woman from the city, educates Daphnis in love-making. Daphnis, however, decides not to test his newly acquired skill on Chloe, because Lycaenion tells Daphnis that Chloe "will scream and cry and lie bleeding heavily [as if murdered]." Throughout the book, Chloe is courted by suitors, two of whom (Dorcon and Lampis) attempt with varying degrees of success to abduct her. She is also carried off by raiders from a nearby city and saved by the intervention of the god Pan. Meanwhile, Daphnis falls into a pit, gets beaten up, is abducted by pirates, and is very nearly raped by a drunkard. In the end, after being recognised by their birth parents, Daphnis and Chloe get married and live out their bucolic lives in the country.

Characters
The characters in the novel include:
 * Astylus – Dionysophanes' son
 * Chloe – the heroine
 * Daphnis – the hero
 * Dionysophanes – Daphnis' master and father
 * Dorcon – the would-be suitor of Chloe
 * Dryas – Chloe's foster father
 * Eros – god of love
 * Eudromus – a messenger
 * Gnathon – the would-be suitor of Daphnis
 * Lamon – Daphnis' foster father
 * Lampis – a cow-herder
 * Lycaenion – woman who educates Daphnis in love-making
 * Megacles – Chloe's father
 * Myrtale – Daphnis' foster mother
 * Nape – Chloe's foster mother
 * Pan - god of shepherds and the wild
 * Philetas – old countryman who advises the heroes about love; likely named after Philitas of Cos
 * Rhode – Chloe's mother

Text tradition
Until the beginning of the nineteenth century, about a page of text was missing; when Paul Louis Courier went to Italy, he found the missing part in one of the plutei (an ancient Roman reading desk or place for storing manuscripts) of the Biblioteca Laurenziana in Florence. However, as soon as he had copied the text, he upset the ink-stand and spilled ink all over the manuscript. The Italian philologists were incensed, especially those who had studied the pluteus giving "a most exact description" (un'esattissima notizia) of it.

Influences and adaptations

The first vernacular edition of Daphnis and Chloe was the French version of Jacques Amyot, published in 1559. Along with the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor (published in the same year), Daphnis and Chloe helped inaugurate a European vogue for pastoral fiction in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Daphnis and Chloe was the model of La Sireine of Honoré d'Urfé, the Aminta of Torquato Tasso, and The Gentle Shepherd of Allan Ramsay. The novel Paul et Virginie by Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre echoes the same story.

Jacques Amyot's French translation is perhaps better known than the original. The story has been presented in numerous illustrated editions, including a 1937 limited edition with woodcuts by Aristide Maillol, and a 1977 edition illustrated by Marc Chagall. Another translation that rivals the original is that of Annibale Caro, one of those writers dearest to lovers of the Tuscan elegances.

The 1952 work Shiosai (The Sound of Waves), written by the Japanese writer Yukio Mishima following a visit to Greece, is considered to have been inspired by the Daphnis and Chloe myth. Another work based on it is the 1923 novel Le Blé en herbe by Colette.

The 1987 film The Princess Bride contains similarities to Daphnis and Chloe (for example, in both stories the male romantic lead is captured by pirates). Lawrence Rinder, director of the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, attributes the inspiration for the film to Longus.

Opera

 * Joseph Bodin de Boismortier wrote a Daphnis et Chloé pastorale in 3 acts in 1747
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau worked on but did not finish a pastorale heroïque under the same title between 1774 and 1776
 * Jacques Offenbach in 1860 completed a one-act operetta based on the ancient novel

Ballet

 * Maurice Ravel wrote what he called a symphonie chorégraphique bearing the title Daphnis et Chloé in 1912 for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes; its choreographer that year was Michel Fokine; at nearly sixty minutes, it is the composer's longest work, and two orchestral suites from it are regularly played
 * Ravel's work was choreographed by Frederick Ashton for a staging by Sadler's Wells Ballet (now The Royal Ballet) at Covent Garden on 5 April 1951, with Margot Fonteyn as Chloe and Michael Somes as Daphnis; decor was by John Craxton
 * John Neumeier choreographed the Ravel for his Frankfurt Ballet company
 * Jean-Christophe Maillot in 2010 created a contemporary and sensual choreography of 35 minutes of the Ravel for Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo; this featured Jeroen Verbruggen as Daphnis, Anjara Ballesteros-Cilla as Chloe, Bernice Coppieters as Lycenion and Chris Roelandt as Dorcon, directed by Denis Caïozzi and produced by Telmondis and Mezzo; it premiered on April 1, 2010, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco and has since been broadcast internationally

Art

 * Marc Chagall produced a series of 42 color lithographs based on the tale of Daphnis and Chloe.
 * Aristide Maillol (1861-1944) published a portfolio titled Daphnis et Chloe (1937) which features 49 woodcuts illustrating the story.

Cinema

 * The work was adapted into a 64-minute silent film by Orestis Laskos in 1931, one of the first Greek cinema classics. The movie was originally considered shocking due to the nudity in some of the scenes.
 * The story was the basis for the 1963 film Μικρές Αφροδίτες (Mikres Afrodites), or Young Aphrodites, by the Greek filmmaker Nikos Koundouros, based on a script of Vassilis Vassilikos.

Radio
The work was adapted into a 45-minute radio play in 2006 by Hattie Naylor.

Manuscripts

 * F or A: Florentinus Laurentianus Conventi Soppressi 627 (XIII) — complete, discovered at Florence by P. L. Courier in 1809.

 * V or B: Vaticanus Graecus 1348 (XVI) — mostly complete; the lacuna comprises chapters 12 to 17 of the first book.

 * O: Olomucensis M 79 (XV) — gnomic passages.

Editions

 * — The editio princeps.
 * — With Latin translation.
 * Courier, Paul Louis (1810). — Contained a previously unknown passage (the great lacuna, comprising chapters 12 to 17 of the first book), after the discovery of MS. F (above).
 * Courier, Paul Louis (1829). Longi Pastoralia. Paris. — First complete Greek text of Daphnis and Chloe, edited by P.-L. Courier, with a Latin translation by G. R. Ludwig de Sinner.
 * Seiler, Schaefer (1843). Longi Pastoralia. Leipzig: Boissonade & Brunck. — Greek text of Daphnis and Chloe with a Latin translation.
 * Hirschig, G. A. (1856). Erotici Scriptores. Paris, 1856. — Greek text with Latin translation, pp. 174–222.
 * — With English translation.
 * — With English translation revised from that of George Thornley.
 * — With French translation.
 * — With French translation.
 * — Reeve's text is reprinted with the translation and commentary by Morgan (see below).
 * — Side-by-side Greek text and English translation.
 * — Side-by-side Greek text and English translation.

Translations

 * Annibale Caro, Amori pastorali di Dafni e Cloe (Parma, 1784, but written before 1538) — into Italian
 * Jacques Amyot, Les Pastorales ou Daphnis et Chloé (Paris, 1559); revised by Paul Louis Courier (1810) — into French

English translations

 * Reprinted and edited by Joseph Jacobs (London, 1890).
 * — A revised version is printed with Edmonds's text (see above).
 * — Published anonymously, with omissions
 * — Anonymous revision of Le Grice.
 * — With reprint of Reeve's text and a commentary.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.
 * — With reprint of Reeve's text and a commentary.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.
 * — With reprint of Reeve's text and a commentary.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.
 * — With reprint of Reeve's text and a commentary.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.
 * — With reprint of Reeve's text and a commentary.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.
 * Humphreys, Nigel (2015). The Love Song of Daphnis and Chloe. Circaidy Gregory Press. ISBN 978-1-906451-88-2. — In the form of an epic poem.

title: Daphnis and Chloe


text:
Buddha, Indiana

Buddha is an unincorporated community in Guthrie Township, Lawrence County, Indiana. The local pronunciation of the name has traditionally been "boo-dee", rhyming with "Judy", though younger residents often pronounce it in line with the religious figure.

History
Though it was once known as Flinn's Crossroads, the origin of the town's current name is a subject of debate. The most prevalent story is that the name was suggested by a traveling salesman who stopped at the hamlet's store when it was only known by the street crossing that marked the downtown. Similarly, another story suggests the town was named for a rail traveling hobo who frequented the area. According to the story, the man was referred to as Buddha due to his short, heavy stature. Another story states that the name derives from some of the first settlers in the area, an English family named Bodey that operated a supply port on the East Fork of the White River one mile south of the crossroads, in what is now called Rivervale. That is supposedly how "Boo-dee" came about and eventually evolved into its present name. Buddha is the home of the White River Baptist Church, The Buddha store has been closed for several years but the name remains faded on the white block building that has been the site of a store and trading post for many generations Nearby Carlton Cemetery is the resting place of the remains of many pioneers of the area.

Geography
Buddha is located at the intersection of Lawrence County's Tunnelton and Old Buddha Roads. The East Fork of the White River is a little over a mile south and west of town, while Guthrie Creek is a mile to the north and east. The local terrain is hilly with patches of forest filled with sinkholes and many caves and caverns.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Buddha, Indiana


text:
Julia Sears

Julia Ann Sears (1839–1929) was a pioneering academic and suffragist, achieving a milestone early in her career as she became the first woman to head a public college in the United States, in 1872. The school was Mankato Normal School, now Minnesota State University, Mankato, which named a residence hall after Sears in 2008.

Overview
1. East Dennis, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Birthplace

2. Bridgewater State University: 1859 Graduate

3. Minnesota State University: President 1872-1873

4. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul

5. Peabody College, Vanderbilt University: Professor and Head of Mathematics Department, 1875 - 1907

6. Fairhaven, Massachusetts: Retirement

Family history
The Sears family lineage begins with Richard Sares, who arrived in Yarmouth, Massachusetts in around 1630. The Sears family also includes Edmond Sears, who, in 1849, composed "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear". Most of the notable members of the Sears family had an educational or religious backgrounds. Constant, Sears' father, was a sea captain who retired to become a cranberry farmer and salt manufacturer. Overall, the Sears' Family consists primarily of sea captains, religious figures in the Methodist and Baptist faiths, as well as educators.

Early life
Julia Ann Sears was born to Constant and Deborah Chipman Sears on March 19, 1839, in East Dennis, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Julia was the second youngest of six siblings: Thankful Snow, Emily, Sarah R., Betsey Thomas, and Amanda. Her mother had another daughter, who died in 1832. Julia had no uncles or brothers. As children, Julia and her sisters underwent religious training by Methodist ministers, at month-long summer camps. In her later years, Sears recalled pretending to be a teacher when playing with friends.

Education
Julia Sears attended a common school in East Dennis, from age five to age fifteen. She then most likely attended the East Dennis Academy from 1854 to 1858. During this time, Julia decided she wanted to be an educator. Sears moved away from home and attended Bridgewater Normal School from 1858 to 1860. Students were asked to affirm their devotion to becoming a teacher or they would be charged $10 for every term they attended the school. During her time at Bridgewater Normal School, Sears worked closely with the principal, Marshall Conant. Conant had a passion for mathematics, astronomy and mechanics, and possibly influenced Sears' later career choice of becoming a mathematics professor. At the end of her education, Julia Sears received a General Diploma of the Institution, similar to a modern-day GED.

Teaching
Between 1860 and 1866 Julia Sears taught at a normal school in Cape Cod. In 1866, Sears was a teacher in Western State Normal School, later to be named Farmington State Normal School. The principal of Western State Normal School was George M. Gage, but in 1868 he moved to Mankato, Minnesota. Julia Sears had known George Gage, as a schoolmate, at Bridgewater Normal School. After Gage's departure, Sears went to teach at Prescott School for Boys and Girls in Charlestown, Boston. From 1869 to 1871, Sears was the Head Assistant in Boston. In the summer of 1870, George Gage offered Sears the position of Head Assistant at Mankato Normal School, but Sears refused this offer. During this time, Sears studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Mankato Normal School
Julia Sears started teaching at the Mankato Normal School, now known as Minnesota State University, in 1871. After only one year, Sears made history by becoming the principal in 1872. At this point in history, this kind of achievement was not well documented or communicated well. For the next 50–80 years, there are documents of other women believed to be the first female presidents of a U.S. public college.

Her first address to its female graduates was forthright, stating:

"You are stepping out into life at a time when you hear not the sound, 'thus far in education may you go and no farther, this place you may fill, but not that'; but, instead, universities and colleges open wide their doors and bid you enter, and any place you are fitted to fill is no longer denied you."

However, such frankness was still controversial, and she was forced to leave the university after only a year. She retained considerable support among the students and the Mankato community. This support shifted into a protest, becoming so heated that it resulted in expulsions and was known as the Sears Rebellion.

She then took a post as professor of mathematics at Peabody Normal School (now Peabody College of Vanderbilt University) in Nashville, Tennessee. In Nashville, she worked tirelessly as an advocate of women's rights and in particular the right to vote. She remained at Peabody until her retirement in 1907, and a portrait of her, painted in 1904, hangs today in the Peabody library.

At her death in 1929, the campus newspaper said, "Her precision, her accuracy, her fairness, her brilliant demonstrations, and, above all, her ability to inspire the ambition of all those she taught became famous incidents of her instruction at Peabody." This quote was inscribed on the wall of a newly constructed residence hall that was named in her honor at Minnesota State University, Mankato in 2015, and is a reminder of her impact on the community.

title: Julia Sears


text:
Solomon Islands national football team

The Solomon Islands men's national football team is the national football team of Solomon Islands, administered by the Solomon Islands Football Federation. The Solomon Islands national football team was founded in 1978. They were officially recognised by FIFA a decade later, in 1988.

History
During the 2004 Oceania World Cup qualification/Oceania Cup the team drew 2–2 with Australia and qualified for the second leg. In the second leg, the Solomon Islands national men's team were thrashed by Australia 5–1 and 6–0 in the two matches, with Australia qualifying for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup.

The Solomons got a second chance against the Socceroos in a two-legged series in September 2005, this time with the winner advancing to a two-legged series against CONMEBOL's fifth-place finisher for a berth in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and the team was thrashed by Australia 7–0 on the first leg and 2–1 in the second played at home.

The Solomons were knocked out of the 2010 FIFA World Cup – having got off to a good start winning every game in their qualifying group and comfortably progressing to the knockout rounds, defeats to New Caledonia and then to Vanuatu saw them knocked out of the competition.

In 2012, the Solomon Islands held the 2012 OFC Nations Cup which was also the second round of World Cup qualifying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup where they finished in fourth place after qualifying through to the knockout stage by defeating Papua New Guinea and having draws against Fiji and New Zealand. They lost in the semi-final after they lost to the champions Tahiti after Jonathan Tehau scored the only goal. They later lost to New Zealand in the third-place playoff. The third round of World Cup qualifying saw the team finish bottom of the group after only taking one win against Tahiti.

After first taking charge of the team in 2017, Spaniard Felipe Vega-Arango was appointed for his second stint in June 2021.

In 2019, they went on a three-week training tour in Netherlands.

In June 2023, Solomon Islands played their friendly match against Southeast Asia countries, Singapore and Malaysia. Solomon Island won the 2023 MSG Prime Minister's Cup after winning against Papua New Guinea (3–1), Vanuatu (1–0) and New Caledonia (1–0) as Raphael Lea'i clinch the golden boots as the tournament top scorer with four goals.

Sponsors

 * 🇮🇹 Lotto
 * 🇲🇾 Telekom
 * 🇲🇾 Capo Apparel

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * Caretaker managers are listed in italics.

 * 🇸🇧 Edward Ngara (1995–1996)
 * 🇸🇧 Wilson Maelaua (1996)
 * 🏴 George Cowie (2000–2003)
 * 🏴 Alan Gillett (2004–2005)
 * 🇧🇷 Airton Andrioli (2006–2009)
 * 🇸🇧 Jacob Moli (2010–2014)
 * 🇸🇧 Moses Toata (2015–2016)
 * 🇪🇸 Felipe Vega-Arango (2017–2018)
 * 🇸🇧 Moses Toata (2018–2019)
 * 🇳🇱 Wim Rijsbergen (2019)
 * 🇸🇧 Stanley Waita (2020–2021)
 * 🇪🇸 Felipe Vega-Arango (2021–2024)
 * 🇸🇧 Eddie Marahare (2024)
 * 🇸🇧 Jacob Moli (2024–)

Current squad
The following 23 players were called up for the 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup.

Caps and goals correct as of 18 June 2024, after the match against 🇳🇿 new zealand

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up within the last twelve months.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Solomon Islands.

Wantok Cup

 * 2008 (July, 1st edition) – First place

Honours

 * OFC Nations Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2004
 * Third place (2): 1996, 2000
 * South Pacific Games
 * Runners-up (3): 1991, 1995, 2011
 * Third place (1): 1975, 1979
 * Wantok Cup
 * Winners (1): 2008

title: Solomon Islands national football team


text:
The Von Bondies

The Von Bondies are an American rock band formed in 1997. The band's breakthrough album, Pawn Shoppe Heart, was released in 2004 and features the singles "C'mon C'mon" and "Tell Me What You See".

The Von Bondies have headlined tours of the United Kingdom/Europe, Australia, and the United States, taking along supporting bands like The Kills, Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand, Modey Lemon, SSM, The Subways, The Stills, Hot Panda and The Donnas. They have also appeared on Late Show with David Letterman, Last Call with Carson Daly and CD:UK.

The group disbanded in July 2011. They reformed in 2020 and planned a reunion tour, but those plans had to be abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Formation and Lack of Communication (1997–2001)
In 1997, Jason Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen attended a concert by The Cramps and the Japanese garage punk band Guitar Wolf. At the time, Stollsteimer was working a job as a bowling alley bartender and Marcie as a hairdresser. The performance spurred them to create their own band, Baby Killers, which toured with fellow Detroit bands The Detroit Cobras, The Go, and The White Stripes. After recruiting Don Blum on drums and Lauren Wilcox on bass, the band changed their name to The Von Bondies. The band got their break by playing a New Year's Eve show in Detroit, Michigan, in 2000. In attendance at the show was Long Gone John, owner of the Sympathy for the Record Industry label. This led the quartet to recorded the singles "It Came from Japan", an ode to Guitar Wolf, and "Nite Train".

Jack White produced the Von Bondies' debut album, Lack of Communication, in late 2001. It was recorded in three days in a similar process to that of a live album. It was released in the US by Sympathy for the Record Industry, and in the UK by Sweet Nothing Records. The hidden bonus track was a cover of Sam Cooke's "Bring It On Home to Me", with Bolen on lead vocals.

Pawn Shoppe Heart (2002–2008)
The group relocated to a San Francisco recording studio in early 2002 with producer Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads to begin work on their next album. In 2003, the band released the live Raw and Rare through Dim Mak Records. On the evening of December 13, 2003, an altercation occurred between Stollsteimer and the White Stripes frontman Jack White during the record release party for the band Blanche at The Magic Stick (a Detroit music club and part of the Majestic Theater complex). Stollsteimer was treated for injuries at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Detroit police arrested White and the Wayne County prosecutor's office charged him with aggravated assault. White pleaded guilty to assault and a judge sentenced him to anger management classes.

In 2004, the band released their breakthrough album, Pawn Shoppe Heart, on Sire Records. Pawn Shoppe was produced by Harrison and co-produced by Stollsteimer. The album reached a peak of No. 36 in the UK Albums Chart, and No. 8 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart and stayed in that chart for eight weeks. The hit single from this release was "C'mon C'mon", which reached No. 25 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and garnered national radio play. "C'mon C'mon" reached No. 21 and "Tell Me What You See" reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart.

In 2006, founding member Bolen left the band. Alicia Gbur and Matt Lannoo of The Nice Device were touring members of the band from 2007 to 2008. In 2008, the band signed with indie label Majordomo Records, joining label mates The Airborne Toxic Event and Earlimart.

Love, Hate and Then There's You, disbanding, and reunion plans (2009–present)
The Von Bondies' third album, Love, Hate and Then There's You, was released on February 3, 2009. The lineup at the time was Jason Stollsteimer on vocals and lead guitar, Don Blum on drums, Christy Hunt on rhythm guitar, and Leann Banks on bass guitar. The band released a limited-edition 7-inch single of "Pale Bride" from the album, backed with the non-album song "Falling in Love". This was the first time that a Von Bondies album saw Don Blum co-write with Stollsteimer. Love, Hate was produced by Jason Stollsteimer, with three songs by Butch Walker and three songs by Rick Parker. All songs were written by Jason Stollsteimer, except "Blame Game" and "Earthquake", which were co-written by Stollsteimer and Blum.

The group disbanded in July 2011. They reformed in 2020 and planned a reunion tour, but those plans had to be abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Band members
Current members
 * Jason Stollsteimer − lead vocals, lead guitar (1997–2011, 2020–present)
 * Leann Banks − bass guitar, backing vocals (2006–2011, 2020–present)
 * Christy Hunt − rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2008–2011, 2020–present)
 * Don Blum − drums, percussion (1999–2011, 2020–present)

Former members
 * Lauren Wilcox − bass guitar (2000–2001)
 * Carrie Ann Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–2004)
 * Yasmine Smith − bass guitar, backing vocals (2004–2006)
 * Marcie Bolen − rhythm guitar (1997–2006)

Touring members
 * Alicia Gbur − rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2007–2008)
 * Matt Lannoo − lead and rhythm guitar (2007–2008)

 * Timeline

EPs

 * We Are Kamikazes (Intheact Records, 2008)

Compilations

 * Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001, SFTRI 623)
 * X-Mas Surprise Package Volume 4 7" (Flying Bomb Records, 2001, FLB-118)
 * New Blood – The New Rock N Roll Vol 2 CD (Artrocker, 2002, RRR 33003)
 * X-Ray CD01 (Swinstead Publishing Limited, 2002, CD01)
 * Rough Trade Shops Rock and Roll 2xCD (Mute, 2002, CDStumm 212)
 * The New Rock Revolution CD (NME magazine, 2002, NME CD 02-?)
 * Dim Mak 2003 Sampler CD (Dim Mak, 2003, DM 045)
 * X-Mas Surprise Package (The Collector's Edition) CD (Flying Bomb Records, 2002, FLB-122)
 * Smash Music Sampler CD (Smash Music, 2004, smash 008)
 * Sympathy for the Download 00 CD (Record Collection Music, 2004)
 * House of Wax Soundtrack (Maverick Records, 2005)
 * Rescue Me Soundtrack (Nettwerk Records, 2006)
 * Lost Boys: The Tribe Soundtrack (Adrenaline Records, 2008)

Media usage

 * Later... with Jools Holland (2002) – features live performances of "Lack of Communication" and "Going Down" in season 19, episode 6.
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2004) – features the song "It Came from Japan" in season 7, episode 6.
 * 9 Songs (2004) – features a live performance of "C'mon C'mon" as one of the nine songs.
 * House of Wax (2005) – features the song "Not That Social".
 * In Her Shoes (2005) – features the song "No Regrets".
 * "C'mon C'mon" is the opening theme used for the FX series Rescue Me.
 * "C'mon C'mon" has been used in the PlayStation 2 and Xbox game Burnout 3: Takedown.
 * "C'mon C'mon" has been used in the PlayStation Portable game Gretzky NHL.
 * "C'mon C'mon" has been used in the MVP Baseball series of video games.
 * "C'mon C'mon" is featured as a download for the console game Rock Band/Rock Band 2.
 * "C'mon C'mon" has been modified to fit into the video game Tribes: Vengeance on the MTV2 television show Video Mods.
 * MLB Network used a brief clip of "C'mon C'mon" as the opening of their show 30 Clubs in 30 Days from 2009 to 2012.

title: The Von Bondies


text: User talk:67.109.36.158

title: User talk:67.109.36.158


text: File:Super Mario 64 box cover.jpg

title: File:Super Mario 64 box cover.jpg


text:
Herman (name)

Herman is a masculine given name, from an ancient Germanic name consisting of the elements harja- "army" and mann- "man". Hermine is the feminine form of Herman. It is first recorded in the 8th century, in the forms Hariman, Heriman, Hairman, Herman.

It regained popularity in the English-speaking world in the 19th century, particularly in the United States amongst German Americans.

Herman remains widely used in Dutch and Scandinavian languages. Variant forms include German Hermann; French Armand; Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Armando; Italian Ermanno.

Herman has also been in use as a German surname since the 16th century.

The name of Arminius, the 1st-century leader of the Cherusci, became identified with the name Hermann in German historiography in the early modern period; thus, Arminius is traditionally known as Hermann der Cheruskerfürst in German. The name of Arminius is in fact from a stem ermen- "strong". The conflation of this element with the name Herman may indeed date to the medieval period, via variant forms such as Ermin, Ermen, Erman, Ermanno, feminine Ermina, Ermana, Hirmina, Hermena.

Middle Ages

 * Herman I (archbishop of Cologne) (d. 924)
 * Herman I, Duke of Swabia (d. 949)
 * Hermann Billung Duke of Saxony (d. 973)
 * Herman II, Duke of Swabia (d. 1003)
 * Herman III, Duke of Swabia (d. 1012)
 * Herman IV, Duke of Swabia (d. 1038)
 * Herman II (archbishop of Cologne) (d. 1056)
 * Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1064)
 * Herman (bishop of Salisbury), bishop of Ramsbury, Sherborne and Salisbury (d. 1078)
 * Hermann of Salm (d. 1088)
 * Herman the Archdeacon, hagiographer, d. 1090s
 * Herman II, Margrave of Baden (d. 1130)
 * Herman van Horne (d. 1156), bishop of Utrecht
 * Herman of Carinthia (ca. 1100–ca. 1160), Benedictine scholar
 * Herman Joseph of Cologne (1150–1243)
 * Hermannus Alemannus, Herman the German, 13th-century translator
 * Hermann von Münster (d. 1392), master glassmaker
 * Hermann II, Count of Celje (1365–1435)
 * Herman of Valaam, saint of the Russian Orthodox Church and founder of the Valaam Monastery in Karelia (date unknown, 10th to 15th centuries)

Early Modern

 * Hermann of Wied, archbishop of Cologne (1477–1552)
 * Herman de Lynden (1547–1603), Belgian military commander in the Eighty Years' War
 * Catharina Herman (died after 1604), Dutch war heroine
 * Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe (1625–1678), German noble
 * Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738), Dutch botanist
 * Herman of Alaska (1756–1837), Russian missionary to Alaska

Modern
The name Herman was popular in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, consistently ranking between 55 and 44 throughout the 1880–1914 period. Beginning with World War I, the name's popularity entered a steady decline for the remainder of the twentieth century, falling below rank 1,000 in the year 2000.

 * Herman (Aav), (1878–1961), head of the Orthodox Church of Finland
 * Herman (Swaiko) (1932–2022), former head of the Orthodox Church in America
 * Herman M. Albert (1901–1947), American lawyer and politician
 * Herman D. Aldrich (1801–1880), American businessman
 * Herman Barron (1909–1978), American professional golfer
 * Herman Berendsen (1934–2019), Dutch chemist
 * Herman Berlinski (1910–2001), German-born American composer and conductor
 * Herman Bouma (born 1934), Dutch vision researcher and gerontechnologist
 * Herman Cain (1945–2020), American businessman, talk show host, and candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination
 * Herman Carroll Sr (born 1952) American fugitive
 * Herman Dreer (1888–1981), American academic administrator, educational reformer and activist, author, editor, minister, and civil rights leader
 * Herman Edwards (born 1954), known as Herm Edwards, American football player and coach
 * Herman Becker Fast (1887-1938), American businessman, farmer, politician
 * Herman Goldstein (1939–2020), American criminologist
 * Herman Goldstine (1913–2004), American mathematician and computer scientist
 * Herman W. Hellman (1843–1906), German-born American Jewish businessman
 * Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter
 * Herman Johannes (1912–1992), Indonesian professor, scientist and politician
 * Herman José (born 1954), Portuguese showman, singer and comedian
 * Herman Leenders (born 1960), Flemish writer and poet
 * Herman Li (李康敏 Lǐ Kāng Mǐn, born 1976), Chinese musician
 * Herman Lieberman (1870–1941), Polish lawyer and politician
 * Herman Long (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Herman J. Mankiewicz (1897–1953), American screenwriter
 * Herman Keh (郭坤耀, born 1996), Singaporean actor and model
 * Herman Francis Mark (1895–1992), Austrian-American chemist
 * Herman Melville (1819–1891), American novelist
 * Herman A. Metz (1867–1934), German-born -American U.S. Representative from New York and New York City Comptroller and businessman
 * Herman Miller (Wisconsin politician) (1833–1922), American politician
 * Herman Miller (writer) (1919–1999), American screenwriter and film producer
 * Herman Redemeijer (1930–2020), Dutch politician
 * Herman Salmon (1913–1980), American barnstormer, air racer, and test pilot
 * Herman Leonard de Silva (1928–2009), Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations
 * Herman Slater (1938–1992), an American Wiccan high priest
 * Herman Stump (1837–1917), American politician
 * Herman Suselbeek (born 1943), Dutch rower
 * Herman Terrado (born 1989), Guam-born American mixed martial artist
 * Herman van Bekkum (1932–2020), Dutch chemist
 * Herman Van der Wee (born 1928), Belgian economic historian
 * Herman van Praag (born 1929), Dutch psychiatrist
 * Herman Claudius van Riemsdijk (born 1948), Brazilian chess player
 * Herman Van Rompuy (born 1947), Belgian politician, first President of the European Council
 * Herman Van Springel (1943–2022), Belgian cyclist
 * Herman van Veen (born 1945), Dutch stage performer, actor, musician, singer/songwriter and author
 * Herman Vedel (1875–1948), Danish painter
 * Herman Wirth (1885–1981), Dutch-German lay historian and scholar
 * Herman Wouk (1915–2019), American author
 * Herman Zetterberg (1904–1963), Swedish jurist and politician

 * Stage name
 * Peter Noone (born 1947), English singer-songwriter and actor, stage name Herman as leader of the pop group Herman's Hermits

Fictional characters

 * Herman, a bug in the Disney segment Mickey and the Beanstalk
 * Herman Hermann, a one-armed character from the American television sitcom The Simpsons
 * Hermine, a character from the novel Steppenwolf
 * Herman Munster, from American television sitcom The Munsters
 * Herman Melleville, a monster from Doug's 1st Movie
 * Herman I Vermin, a character created by American cartoonist Marc Hempel
 * Herman Toothrot, from LucasArts' Monkey Island
 * Herman Brooks, the titular character of the American television sitcom Herman's Head
 * Herman the mouse, created by American animation studio Famous Studios (a.k.a. Paramount Cartoon Studios)
 * Herman Schultz aka Shocker, from Marvel Comics
 * Herman Carter/The Doctor, from the horror game Dead by Daylight

As a surname
Variants include Herrmann, Herrman, Herman, Hermann, Hermanns

Disambiguation lists

 * Edward Herman (disambiguation)
 * Robert Herman (disambiguation)
 * Tom Herman (disambiguation)

Early modern

 * Augustine Herman (1621–1686), Bohemian explorer of North America
 * Jakob Hermann (1678–1733), Swiss mathematician
 * Nikolaus Herman (c.1500–1561), German cantor and hymn writer

Modern

 * Arthur L. Herman (born 1956), American historian
 * Babe Herman (1903–1987), Major League Baseball right fielder
 * Billy Herman (1909–1992), Major League Baseball second baseman
 * David Herman (born 1967), American actor
 * Elisabeth Hermans, Belgian soprano
 * Faithe Herman, American actress
 * Hanna Herman (born 1959), Ukrainian state and political activist
 * Henry Herman, pen name of Henry Heydrac D'Arco (1832–1894), English dramatist and novelist
 * Jerry Herman (1931–2019), American composer
 * Josef Herman (1911–2000), Polish-British painter
 * Josephine Herman, Cook Islander physician
 * Louis Herman (1930–2016), American marine biologist
 * M. Justin Herman (1909–1971), American public administrator; Executive Director of the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency
 * Oskar Herman (1886–1974), Croatian painter
 * Ottó Herman (1835–1914), Hungarian zoologist, ethnographer, archaeologist, and politician
 * Robin Herman (1951-2022), American sports journalist
 * Róża Herman (1902–1995), Polish chess master
 * Vilim Herman (born 1949), Croatian university professor, politician and former representative in the Croatian Parliament
 * Woody Herman (1913–1987), American jazz clarinetist and big band leader
 * Yaron Herman (born 1981), Israeli jazz pianist

Fictional characters

 * Pee-wee Herman, played by Paul Reubens
 * Gunther Hermann, from the computer game Deus Ex

title: Herman (name)


text:
Muirhead's inequality

In mathematics, Muirhead's inequality, named after Robert Franklin Muirhead, also known as the "bunching" method, generalizes the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.

a-mean
For any real vector

 * $$a=(a_1,\dots,a_n)$$

define the "a-mean" [a] of positive real numbers x1, ..., xn by

 * $$[a]=\frac{1}{n!}\sum_\sigma x_{\sigma_1}^{a_1}\cdots x_{\sigma_n}^{a_n},$$

where the sum extends over all permutations σ of { 1, ..., n }.

When the elements of a are nonnegative integers, the a-mean can be equivalently defined via the monomial symmetric polynomial $$m_a(x_1,\dots,x_n)$$ as
 * $$[a] = \frac{k_1!\cdots k_l!}{n!} m_a(x_1,\dots,x_n),$$

where ℓ is the number of distinct elements in a, and k1, ..., kℓ are their multiplicities.

Notice that the a-mean as defined above only has the usual properties of a mean (e.g., if the mean of equal numbers is equal to them) if $$a_1+\cdots+a_n=1$$. In the general case, one can consider instead $$[a]^{1/(a_1+\cdots+a_n)}$$, which is called a Muirhead mean.

 * Examples
 * For a = (1, 0, ..., 0), the a-mean is just the ordinary arithmetic mean of x1, ..., xn.
 * For a = (1/n, ..., 1/n), the a-mean is the geometric mean of x1, ..., xn.
 * For a = (x, 1 − x), the a-mean is the Heinz mean.
 * The Muirhead mean for a = (−1, 0, ..., 0) is the harmonic mean.

Doubly stochastic matrices
An n × n matrix P is doubly stochastic precisely if both P and its transpose PT are stochastic matrices. A stochastic matrix is a square matrix of nonnegative real entries in which the sum of the entries in each column is 1. Thus, a doubly stochastic matrix is a square matrix of nonnegative real entries in which the sum of the entries in each row and the sum of the entries in each column is 1.

Statement
Muirhead's inequality states that [a] ≤ [b] for all x such that xi > 0 for every i ∈ { 1, ..., n } if and only if there is some doubly stochastic matrix P for which a = Pb.

Furthermore, in that case we have [a] = [b] if and only if a = b or all xi are equal.

The latter condition can be expressed in several equivalent ways; one of them is given below.

The proof makes use of the fact that every doubly stochastic matrix is a weighted average of permutation matrices (Birkhoff-von Neumann theorem).

Another equivalent condition
Because of the symmetry of the sum, no generality is lost by sorting the exponents into decreasing order:

 * $$a_1 \geq a_2 \geq \cdots \geq a_n$$

 * $$b_1 \geq b_2 \geq \cdots \geq b_n.$$

Then the existence of a doubly stochastic matrix P such that a = Pb is equivalent to the following system of inequalities:

\begin{align} a_1 & \leq b_1 \\ a_1+a_2 & \leq b_1+b_2 \\ a_1+a_2+a_3 & \leq b_1+b_2+b_3 \\ & \,\,\, \vdots \\ a_1+\cdots +a_{n-1} & \leq b_1+\cdots+b_{n-1} \\ a_1+\cdots +a_n & = b_1+\cdots+b_n. \end{align} $$

(The last one is an equality; the others are weak inequalities.)

The sequence $$b_1, \ldots, b_n$$ is said to majorize the sequence $$a_1, \ldots, a_n$$.

Symmetric sum notation
It is convenient to use a special notation for the sums. A success in reducing an inequality in this form means that the only condition for testing it is to verify whether one exponent sequence ($$\alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_n$$) majorizes the other one.

 * $$\sum_\text{sym} x_1^{\alpha_1} \cdots x_n^{\alpha_n}$$

This notation requires developing every permutation, developing an expression made of n! monomials, for instance:

 * $$\begin{align}

\sum_\text{sym} x^3 y^2 z^0 &= x^3 y^2 z^0 + x^3 z^2 y^0 + y^3 x^2 z^0 + y^3 z^2 x^0 + z^3 x^2 y^0 + z^3 y^2 x^0 \\ &= x^3 y^2 + x^3 z^2  + y^3 x^2 + y^3 z^2  + z^3 x^2  + z^3 y^2 \end{align}$$

Arithmetic-geometric mean inequality
Let
 * $$a_G = \left( \frac 1 n, \ldots , \frac 1 n \right)$$

and
 * $$a_A = ( 1, 0, 0, \ldots , 0 ).$$

We have

\begin{align} a_{A1} = 1 & > a_{G1} = \frac 1 n, \\ a_{A1} + a_{A2} = 1 & > a_{G1} + a_{G2} = \frac 2 n, \\ & \,\,\, \vdots \\ a_{A1} + \cdots + a_{An} & = a_{G1} + \cdots + a_{Gn} = 1. \end{align} $$ Then
 * [aA] ≥ [aG],

which is
 * $$\frac 1 {n!} (x_1^1 \cdot x_2^0 \cdots x_n^0 + \cdots + x_1^0 \cdots x_n^1) (n-1)! \geq \frac 1 {n!} (x_1 \cdot \cdots \cdot x_n)^{1/n} n!$$

yielding the inequality.

Other examples
We seek to prove that x2 + y2 ≥ 2xy by using bunching (Muirhead's inequality). We transform it in the symmetric-sum notation:

 * $$\sum_ \mathrm{sym} x^2 y^0 \ge \sum_\mathrm{sym} x^1 y^1.$$

The sequence (2, 0) majorizes the sequence (1, 1), thus the inequality holds by bunching.

Similarly, we can prove the inequality

 * $$x^3+y^3+z^3 \ge 3 x y z$$

by writing it using the symmetric-sum notation as

 * $$\sum_ \mathrm{sym} x^3 y^0 z^0 \ge \sum_\mathrm{sym} x^1 y^1 z^1, $$

which is the same as

 * $$ 2 x^3 + 2 y^3 + 2 z^3 \ge 6 x y z. $$

Since the sequence (3, 0, 0) majorizes the sequence (1, 1, 1), the inequality holds by bunching.

title: Muirhead's inequality


text:
Two-phase electric power

Two-phase electrical power was an early 20th-century polyphase alternating current electric power distribution system. Two circuits were used, with voltage phases differing by one-quarter of a cycle, 90°. Usually circuits used four wires, two for each phase. Less frequently, three wires were used, with a common wire with a larger-diameter conductor. Some early two-phase generators had two complete rotor and field assemblies, with windings physically offset to provide two-phase power. The generators at Niagara Falls installed in 1895 were the largest generators in the world at that time, and were two-phase machines. Three-phase systems eventually replaced the original two-phase power systems for power transmission and utilization. Active two-phase distribution systems remain in Center City Philadelphia, where many commercial buildings are permanently wired for two-phase, and in Hartford, Connecticut.

Comparison with single-phase power
The advantage of two-phase electrical power over single-phase was that it allowed for simple, self-starting electric motors. In the early days of electrical engineering, it was easier to analyze and design two-phase systems where the phases were completely separated. It was not until the invention of the method of symmetrical components in 1918 that polyphase power systems had a convenient mathematical tool for describing unbalanced load cases. The revolving magnetic field produced with a two-phase system allowed electric motors to provide torque from zero motor speed, which was not possible with a single-phase induction motor (without an additional starting means). Induction motors designed for two-phase operation use a similar winding configuration as capacitor start single-phase motors. However, in a two-phase induction motor, the impedances of the two windings are identical.

Two-phase circuits also have the advantage of constant combined power into an ideal load, whereas power in a single-phase circuit pulsates at twice the line frequency due to the zero crossings of voltage and current.

Comparison with three-phase power
Three-phase electric power requires less conductor mass for the same voltage and overall power, compared with a two-phase four-wire circuit of the same carrying capacity. It has replaced two-phase power for commercial distribution of electrical energy, but two-phase circuits are still found in certain control systems.

Two-phase circuits typically use two separate pairs of current-carrying conductors. Alternatively, three wires may be used, but the common conductor carries the vector sum of the phase currents, which requires a larger conductor. The vector sum of balanced three-phase currents, however, is zero, allowing for the neutral wires to be eliminated. In electrical power distribution, a requirement of only three conductors, rather than four, represented a considerable distribution-wire cost savings due to the expense of conductors and installation.

While both two-phase and three-phase circuits have a constant combined power for an ideal load, practical devices such as motors can suffer from power pulsations in two-phase systems. These power pulsations tend to cause increased mechanical noise in transformer and motor laminations due to magnetostriction and torsional vibration in generator and motor drive shafts.

Two-phase power can be derived from a three-phase source using two transformers in a Scott connection: One transformer primary is connected across two phases of the supply. The second transformer is connected to a center-tap of the first transformer, and is wound for 86.6% of the phase-to-phase voltage on the three-phase system. The secondaries of the transformers will have two phases 90 degrees apart in time, and a balanced two-phase load will be evenly balanced over the three supply phases.

title: Two-phase electric power


text:
Connaught Square

Connaught Square in London, England, was the first square of city houses to be built in Bayswater. It is named after a royal, the Earl of Connaught who was from 1805 until death in 1834 the second and last Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, and who maintained his fringe-of-London house and grounds on the land of this square and Gloucester Square. Its appearance is essentially the same as in the 1820s. Its south-east is 115 metres north of Hyde Park and the same west of Edgware Road. This point is 302 m WNW of Marble Arch, which sits on a very large green roundabout (including sculptures and public fountains) marking the western end of Oxford Street. Connaught Street runs along is northern end.

Architecture
Connaught Square's architecture is primarily Georgian. Redevelopment was initially planned in the early 18th century and the first of its 45 brick houses was built in 1828 as part of the Hyde Park Estate by Thomas Allason. Having built the Square, Thomas Allason (1790-1852) and family remained living at no 1 Connaught until well past he death in 1852.

Community
Residents of Connaught Square hold an exclusive summer party in the central communal garden every year. The garden square is maintained by the owners of the adjoining properties who contribute to its upkeep, and in return are issued keys to the garden. Such gated gardens are a particular feature of this area of London. The horses of the Royal Artillery regularly do their early morning rides down Connaught Street.

Notable residents
In October 2004, serving Prime Minister Tony Blair and his wife Cherie bought as their home a house on this square for £3.5 million; as at 2007 the policing of which was an all-hours rota giving at least four on-duty Metropolitan Police Service Diplomatic Protection Group officers.

Other famous residents have included:

 * №5 - Nigel Balchin - author
 * №14 - Marie Taglioni - ballerina (resident from 1875 until 1876)
 * №15 - Fanny Kemble - actress, author, playwright and poet (resident from 1877 to 1879)

Other buildings
Aside from predominant residential use, the buildings host a very small primary school and doctor’s surgery. A garage specialises in classic cars on northern approach way Connaught Street. To the west are the shops of Connaught Village and a long-standing Chinese restaurant, which was among the many meeting places of high-level corrupt talks regarding Bruce Grobbelaar, footballer.

In film, fiction and the media
In fiction, Lionel Holland lives at №242 in the film Kind Hearts and Coronets.

Proximity to the Tyburn Tree
The single-most frequented gallows, the Tyburn Tree, for public judicial execution in London, was nearby. Most sufficient-scale 18th century maps mark out an area by the edge of the top a very broad rise which is a block or so north along Edgware Road as having, in rough drawing to symbolise obsolescence, such a landmark tree. Relatedly, Oswald's Stone or Ossulstone stood for centuries on the corner of Edgware Road and Oxford Street/Road (formerly also called Uxbridge Road), and was an equally prominent landmark of Middlesex and of the most populous hundred (see Hundred Court), providing a cultural focus and marking out the place of early meetings of the justices of the peace and lords of the many Ossulstone manors more generally.

"The real site of this spot [the gallows] is a matter of public dispute. An iron slab opposite the end of Edgware-rd, and about 50 yards W. of the Marble Arch, professes to designate the precise location; but № 49 Connaught Square, some two or three hundred yards N.W. of that spot, disputes with it the doubtful honour, as does also the portion of the Edgware-rd at the corner of Bryanston-st."

Peter Ackroyd recites a list of anecdotes and archaeological finds supportive of pre-18th century mass burials where much of Connaught Place stands. No greater evidence is given for second theory above.

Nearby places

 * Knightsbridge
 * Notting Hill
 * Paddington
 * St John's Wood
 * Westminster

Nearest tube stations

 * Marble Arch
 * Edgware Road (Bakerloo Line)
 * Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City Lines)

title: Connaught Square


text:
USS S-37

USS S-37 (SS-142) was an S-class submarine of the United States Navy. Her keel was laid down on 12 December 1918, launched on 20 June 1919, and commissioned on 16 July 1923.

Construction and commissioning
S-37's keel was laid down on 12 December 1918 by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco, California. She was launched on 20 June 1919, sponsored by Miss Mildred Bulger, and commissioned on 16 July 1923.

1923
After fitting out at Mare Island, S-37 departed San Francisco Bay at the end of July 1923 and joined Submarine Division (SubDiv) 17 at San Pedro, California, on 1 August 1923. During August, September, and into October 1923, she conducted exercises and tests off the Southern California coast.

On the afternoon of 10 October 1923, while recharging her batteries in the harbor at San Pedro, S-37 was rocked by an explosion in the after battery compartment. Two men were killed as dense black smoke and gas fumes filled the flame- and arc-lit room. Extensive material damage added to the difficulty of rescue operations, but three men were extracted from the compartment, one of whom died of his injuries before medical help arrived. Two of the rescuers were seriously injured.

Once it was determined no one remained alive in the compartment, the compartment was sealed to cut off the supply of oxygen to the fire. However, by 0500 on 11 October 1923, so much pressure had increased in the compartment it forced the main hatch open. The compartment was re-sealed for another five hours, but when it was opened at 1030, the fire reflashed. The crew shut the hatch again for another hour. At 1130, the compartment was successfully ventilated and cooled enough to allow the crew to enter safely. Temporary repairs were completed on 25 October 1923, and S-37 headed to Mare Island, California, for permanent repairs. On 19 December 1923, she returned to duty at San Pedro.

1924–1941
In 1924, S-37 moved south and, with her division, participated in Fleet Problems II, Fleet Problem III, and IV, which involved problems of fleet movements, conducted en route to the Gulf of Panama; Caribbean defenses and transit facilities of the Panama Canal; and movement from a main base to an advanced base, conducted in the Caribbean Sea. After completing Fleet Problem IV, her division remained in the Caribbean until early April 1924, when it again passed through the Panama Canal to return to the Pacific Ocean. Toward the end of April 1924, she returned to San Pedro, and, on 28 April 1924 she continued to Mare Island. There the submarines of her division, having been transferred to the United States Asiatic Fleet, prepared to cross the Pacific.

On 17 September 1924, SubDiv 17, accompanied by the submarine tender USS Canopus (AS-9), departed San Francisco. On 26 September 1924, the ships arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and on 4 November 1924 they reached Manila Bay on the coast of Luzon in the Philippines. They operated from Cavite, Luzon, for 16 years. During most of that time, they worked as a division, spending the fall and winter months in the Philippines and deploying to the China coast for spring and summer exercises. During the late 1930s, however, hostilities increased in East Asia with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937, and the Asiatic Fleet's S-boat schedule was altered to include more individual exercises and cruises. The submarines ranged throughout the Philippines and Netherlands East Indies, and they made shorter deployments to the China coast. In 1940, the China deployments ended, and the submarines intensified their exercises and patrols in the Philippines and participated in joint United States Army-U.S. Navy war games. In 1941, S-37 remained in the Philippines, operating in the Luzon area into the spring, in the Visayan Islands and Sulu Archipelago into the summer, and back in the Luzon area during the fall.

1941
On 8 December 1941 – which across the International Date Line in Hawaii was 7 December 1941, the day the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II – S-37 was in Manila Bay. With receipt of the news of the Japanese attack, S-37, commanded by James C. Dempsey, prepared for her first war patrol. On the night of 9 December 1941, she cleared the Corregidor outer minefield, moved into the Verde Island Passage, and took station at Puerta Galera, Mindoro, where she remained on lookout duty until 17 December 1941. She then returned to Manila, replenished and refueled, and, on 19 December, headed back toward the Mindoro coast. On 20 December, she assumed patrol duties in Calavite Passage. On 21 December 1941, she shifted to the Verde Island Passage. On 27 December 1941, she reconnoitered Batangas Bay to investigate the detonation of fuel oil tanks and found only Filipino and American forces destroying the fuel oil supplies before they could be captured by the Japanese. On 28 December, while the noise of the exploding tanks continued, S-37 investigated reports of Japanese landings in Balayan Bay, then proceeded toward Looc Bay to verify or disprove a similar rumor. Finding both bays empty, she began to make her way south. On 30 December 1941, she was off Panay.

January 1942
On 1 January 1942, S-37 suffered a fire in the starboard main motor panel. Repairs were made that night. On 2 and 3 January she patrolled off the entrance to Basilan Strait. There, she sighted a Japanese submarine, but was unable to close the range. On 4 January, she took up patrol duty off Japanese-held Jolo Island. On 5 January, she developed leaks in the air supply piping to the starboard main motor panel. Makeshift repairs decreased the air leaks, and S-37 remained in the Sulu district on 6 January. On 7 January, she continued south, toward Port Darwin. On 8 January, new orders arrived, and she set a course for Soerabaja, the Dutch naval base on the northeast coast of Java.

On 11 January 1942, Japanese forces moved on territory of the Netherlands East Indies, landing at Tarakan on Borneo and at Manado on Celebes. S-37, then off Stroomenkaap at the western end of Celebes's northern peninsula, was ordered to make for the Borneo coast. She arrived on 12 January and, for the next three days, remained in the Tarakan area, searching for Japanese transports and cargo ships, while at the same time eluding Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers. On 15 January 1942, she was ordered to leave the area, and on 23 January, unable to transmit identification messages, she approached Madoera Strait and surfaced for recognition by Dutch patrol vessels. At 2118, she arrived in Soerabaja Roads on the coast of Java. By the end of January 1942, Japanese forces on Borneo had moved south into Balikpapan, while those forces located in the Celebes moved into Kendari.

February 1942
On 2 February 1942, S-37 departed Soerabaja and headed back to Makassar Strait. By 5 February, she was off Cape William. The next day, she shifted southward to patrol the southern approaches to Makassar City, and, on the evening of 8 February 1942, she sighted a destroyer, which was thought to be an advance guard unit for Japanese forces en route to that city.

At 1800, the destroyer, which S-37 allowed to pass unmolested, disappeared to the northwest. At 1813, S-37 sighted the masts and upper works of three Japanese destroyers in column at a distance 5 nautical miles (9250 m), estimated speed 15 kn. A half-hour's wait brought no transports or cargo ships into view, and S-37 went after the destroyer formation. Moving on the surface, she closed the four destroyers in column, distance 8000 yd. All torpedoes were readied and, at 1946, she commenced her approach. A minute later, she sighted another, closer formation of four destroyers, distance 4000 yd, plus the dim outlines of three large ships resembling transports, distance 3 nautical miles (5500 m), on a northerly course. It would turn out that S-37 had found fifteen transports in convoy.

At 1951, S-37 changed course to go after the transports. By 2010, however, the destroyers had increased speed to maintain cover for the transports as the formation turned and crossed ahead of the submarine at 4000 yd. By 2030, S-37, unable to gain an unimpaired shot at the transports, shifted to attack the destroyers. Between 2036 and 2040, she closed to point-blank range, 800 yd, and launched one torpedo at each destroyer. Thirty seconds after firing the third torpedo, she observed a hit between the stacks of the third and, as black smoke rose, it buckled in the middle and formed a vee approximately 20 ft above the bow and stern. JAPANESE DESTROYER Natsushio (2,000 tons) was doomed. She was, however, the only ship lost from this force, and the only confirmed ship S-37 sank.

The fourth destroyer sighted S-37 as she fired her fourth torpedo and turned to starboard. At 2041, S-37 dived and rigged for depth-charging. By 2043, the three remaining destroyers were overhead, their sonars pinging. S-37 ran silent. Between 2050 and 2215, the searching destroyers dropped depth charges at 10- to 15-minute intervals. S-37 reached 267 ft as she evaded. By 2230, the destroyers had moved out of the area. S-37 reloaded and resumed the hunt.

S-37 remained in the area for another eight days, during which she sighted several Japanese ships. Her lack of speed precluded several attacks and, on 11 February 1942, faulty mechanisms in her old Mark 10 torpedoes caused them to sink before reaching their target. On 17 February, she passed the Paternoster Islands, and on 18 February she arrived off Lombok Strait. On 19 February, she patrolled in Lombok and Badoeng Straits, and on the morning of 20 February she received orders to return to Soerabaja. At 0500, she submerged and began making her way along the Bali coast. At 0615, she sighted three Japanese destroyers through her periscope on a northerly course, 3 nautical miles (5500 m)off. Astern of S-37, an obvious oil slick – the result of her going aground in the Lombok Strait – extended some 2000 yd in a glassy sea, but she remained undetected. Temporary repairs were soon reducing the oil slick. At 0700, when S-37 sighted another destroyer patrol, the slick remained obvious but unnoticed. By 0830, S-37 was avoiding sudden changes in depth which would aggravate the leak. The slick was minimized, but at 0915 a destroyer was heard on the starboard beam. Depth charges were dropped, and their explosions were followed by the detonation of aerial bombs. S-37 went to 150 ft.

The depth charging and bombing continued until 1200, when S-37′s crew heard heavy anti-aircraft fire. The destroyer was distracted, but at 1245 she apparently resumed her search for S-37. After dropping three more depth charges, the destroyer continued to ping until after 1400. At 1415, S-37 went to periscope depth. The destroyer was 3000 yd off, but the seas had become choppy. No oil slick was visible.

S-37 cleared Lombok Strait at 1500 and, 25 hours later, moored at the Soerabaja Navy Yard. Repairs began immediately, but the Japanese were moving on Java. So, too, was the sub command situation; S-37 lost her skipper to USS Spearfish (SS-190), replaced by James R. Reynolds, and on 26 February, S-37 was ordered out. Equipment and parts in the navy yard shops were recalled, stores from the limited supplies at the base were taken on and, after the return of two air compressor coolers, she got underway on the port main engine, as the ship's force completed reassembly of the starboard. Electrical steering failures, breakdowns in the coolers, and a change of orders delayed her departure; but, on the afternoon of 27 February, she moved out and headed north to patrol between Bawean Island and the western channel into Soerabaja Roads.

That night, the Battle of the Java Sea raged over the horizon, and, early on the morning of 28 February, the S-boat closed a Japanese formation of two cruisers and three destroyers retiring victoriously from the scene. A fight for depth control, however, precluded an attack. At mid-day, she sighted a 50 ft open boat from Dutch light cruiser HNLMS De Ruyter, carrying sixty Allied survivors; although unable to accommodate all of them, she approached to take on casualties. Finding none, S-37 took on the two American sailors among them, transferred provisions, dispatched enciphered messages on the boat's location to ABDA headquarters, and resumed her patrol. That afternoon, she again attempted to attack an enemy formation, but was sighted and underwent a combined depth charging and aerial bombing.

March 1942
For the next week, S-37 remained in the area. Depth charge and aerial attacks were frequent, each one aggravating the condition of worn parts and equipment and resulting in mechanical and electrical failures and in leaks through disintegrating manhole and hatch gaskets. On 6 March 1942, she headed for Western Australia. Her major leak, through the engine room hatch, had been slowed to 1 usgal every 20 minutes. S-37 left a misleading oil slick toward Lombok Strait, then moved farther east before turning south. By 11 March 1942, she was clear of the East Indies, and on 19 March she arrived at Fremantle, Australia.

April–June 1942
In April 1942, S-37 continued on to Brisbane, Australia, where she joined Task Force 42 and, after a desperately needed six-week overhaul, departed for her fifth war patrol. Clearing Moreton Bay on 22 June 1942, she was in the Bismarck Islands by the end of June 1942, and, after patrolling in St. George Channel, she moved toward New Hanover. On 7 July 1942, she shifted back to the New Britain coast to patrol in the Lambert Point area. There, on the afternoon of 8 July 1942, she sighted a Japanese merchant ship escorted by a submarine chaser. Closing, she fired three torpedoes at 1405. Three explosions followed, sinking the 2,776-gross register ton Tenzan Maru. S-37 went to 110 ft and ran silent on a northerly course as the submarine chaser dropped depth charges where the S-37 had been.

July–November 1942
On 9 July 1942, S-37 patrolled between Dyaul and New Hanover. On 10 July, she moved into the New Hanover-Massau traffic lanes, and on 11 July she closed the New Ireland coast and continued south. For the next two days, she operated in the Rabaul area, then headed for Cape St. George and Australia. From 14 July, when a fire in the starboard main motor was quickly extinguished, she was plagued by mechanical and electrical failures. On 20 July, she sighted Cape Moreton Light, and on 21 July she moored alongside the submarine tender USS Griffin (AS-13) in Brisbane harbor.

Between 17 August and 13 September 1942, S-37 conducted her sixth war patrol, a defensive patrol in the Savo Island area in the Solomon Islands in support of U.S. forces fighting in the Guadalcanal campaign. On 2 September, she scored her only hit of the patrol when she damaged the last destroyer in a column of four which was steaming to the north of Savo. On 6 September, she moved into the Russell Islands, from which she departed the Solomon Islands and headed back to Brisbane. On 19 October 1942, she cleared Brisbane's harbor for the last time, and on 23 October 1942 she arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia. After refueling, she served on a picket line station in defense of Nouméa. On 5 November 1942, after a fire in her port main motor added to problems of tank trouble, fuel shortage, and mechanical failures, she headed for Pearl Harbor.

1943–1945
From Pearl Harbor, S-37 continued on to San Diego, California, where she underwent an extensive overhaul during the winter of 1943. She remained at San Diego for the remainder of her career, employed as an antisubmarine warfare training ship through 1944.

Decommissioning and disposal
Decommissioned on 6 February 1945, S-37 was stripped, and her hulk was supposed to be expended as an aerial bombing target off San Diego, but she broke her tow cable and sank on 20 February 1945, coming to rest at a depth of some 50 to 60 ft. Her name was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 February 1945. Salvagers unsuccessfully tried to retrieve the wreck of S-37 for its scrap value, but lost her again off Imperial Beach, California, in 20 to 30 ft of water at 32.60424°N, -117.13722°W, where she remains to this day.

Awards

 * Yangtze Service Medal ribbon.svg Yangtze Service Medal
 * China Service Medal ribbon.svg China Service Medal
 * American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg American Defense Service Medal
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with five battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * Philippine Defense ribbon.png Philippine Defense Medal

title: USS S-37


text:
Bean (disambiguation)

A bean is a large seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae.

Bean or beans may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Mr. Bean, a British television series
 * Bean (film), a 1997 comedy film based on the television series
 * Beans (2000 film), a Turkish comedy mafia film
 * Beans (2020 film), a Canadian drama
 * Beans (band), an Italian pop musical group
 * "Bean (Kobe)", a 2020 song by rapper Lil Uzi Vert
 * "Bean", a song from the 1995 album La Mia Vita Violenta by Blonde Redhead
 * "The Bean", a nickname of Cloud Gate, a sculpture in Chicago, United States
 * "The Bean", a nickname of Cloud Column, a sculpture in Houston, United States

People and fictional characters

 * Bean (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the surname or nickname
 * Fred D. Beans (1906–1980), United States Marine Corps brigadier general
 * James D. Beans (born 1934), United States Marine Corps brigadier general, son of Fred Beans
 * Beans (rapper) (Robert Edward Stewart II, born 1971)

United States

 * Bean Creek (Zayante Creek tributary), California
 * Bean Creek (Salt River tributary), Missouri
 * Bean Lake (Cottonwood County, Minnesota)
 * Bean Lake (Missouri)
 * Bean River, New Hampshire

Elsewhere

 * Division of Bean, Australian Capital Territory, an electoral division
 * Bean, Kent, England

Other uses

 * Bean (software), a word processor for Mac OS X
 * Walkman Bean, a portable media player
 * BEAN (charity), an American volunteering organization
 * Bean Cars, an early British car company

title: Bean (disambiguation)