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Alexander Mills, North Carolina

Alexander Mills, North Carolina, was a town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, in the USA. It was incorporated in 1925 and named after a textile mill established by J.F. Alexander. In 1999, Alexander Mills merged with and became a part of Forest City, North Carolina.

title: Alexander Mills, North Carolina


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Talk:Cattle in religion and mythology

"Banned" or "permitted with limits"?
Back in March, an anonymous user changed "Cow slaughter is illegal in all of India except in two provinces" to "Cow slaughter is permitted with limits except in two provinces". Recently it was changed back to "Cow slaughter is banned except in two provinces". Is it illegal/banned or permitted with limits? The above discussion says both. Clarification is needed.

It occurs to me that perhaps both could be true: it's not banned/illegal in all India (by federal law), but it is banned/illegal by provincial law in all provinces except two. Is that the case? -kotra (talk) 00:20, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

"Anti-Muslim"
Both those trying to type="text/javascript" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Omegatron/monobook.js/addlink.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"> f=269889295&oldid=269821577 remove "Anti-Muslim" and those trying to retain it seem to have valid points. But it seems to me that the words "Anti-Muslim", even if true, are unnecessary and redundant because the caption goes on to say "protesting the Muslim practice of beef-eating." So why not leave it off? No information is lost. -kotra (talk) 00:37, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * My main problem with the anonymous editor is that they are assuming the info is hate-filled original research. The material comes from several books. They need to look up the info before they start making such comments. A previous editor who originally added the caption to the picture just didn't add the citations. Since you are kind of enough to air the issue here, I'll agree to remove the "anti-Muslim" part. --Ghostexorcist (talk) 04:12, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Please see my edit summaries. Using inflammatory rhetoric like "Anti-Muslim" is a clear evidence of partisan bias. I have numerous academic sources that state that Islamic Sharia Law is anti-Semitic, anti-Buddhist, anti-Christian, anti-Hindu etc but it would be biased to refer to Sharia in the primary narrative in this fashion. This is a clear double standard if Indians are being singled out for discrimination in this article.70.112.6.69 (talk) 04:39, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Further elaborating, wikipedia defines Islamophobia as hostility towards Islam as a religion. Since Islam takes no position on the consumption of beef as such (neither supports nor opposes), and beef is not a primary meat for consumption in the Muslim world (it's typically mutton, and Hindu law does not explicitly prohibit mutton, a lot of Bengali and Kashmiri Hindus are mutton eaters, incl. Islamic Halaal mutton). Beef eating is a cultural practice among Muslims and not a religious one (at least, no more than Pork consumption is a "religious Shinto practice" among Japanese Shintoists). Implicitly using the term "anti-Muslim" to describe this is communal incitement based on deliberate misunderstandings of Hindu and Islamic dietary laws and definitely qualifies as hate speech.70.112.6.69 (talk) 04:48, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Just for arguments' sake: those who practice a religion that bans something can certainly be against another religion just because it doesn't ban something. It doesn't matter if that second religion doesn't say anything about that something. Simply because the second religion doesn't ban it is enough to send some people in the first religion into a rage. That doesn't mean the first religion is hateful or intolerant, just that some of those who follow it may be. -kotra (talk) 05:15, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Sharia is irrelevant to this content, there is no "double standard" because the image in question is not being compared in the article to Sharia or anything else. Also, "Anti-Muslim" as a description is not inflammatory since that is exactly what the image depicts. I suggest that if there is anything inflammatory it is the image itself. If you feel it puts Hindus in a poor light, I would note that the image was published way back in 1912, the caption never says it was the prevailing opinion among Hindus at any time past or present, and there has always been racism and bigotry in every culture (where I'm from there's been a lot of it). However, you do not need to continue this pointless edit warring (which is fortunate, because you are both nearly in violation of WP:3RR) because Ghostexorcist has agreed to leave it out. -kotra (talk) 05:15, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I'd like to see what's "anti-Muslim" specifically about this. The depiction is that of a mythological demon is trying to slaughter a symbolic cow. By your logic, Jews who depict the perceived evil of cremation (it is explicitly forbidden in Judaism on the religious ground that burning dead flesh inhibits the separation of the soul from the body) would be "anti-Hindu" and "anti-Sikh" because Hindus and Sikhs cremate their dead. If this particular depiction is called 'anti-Muslim' by certain -ahem- "scholars" (using the term "scholar" loosely) then it showcases their own partisan biases.70.112.6.69 (talk) 05:30, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * First, I am appalled that you assume I am some racist who hates Muslims. Not everyone hates Muslims. Second, as I've previously stated, the source material says Kali was considered an embodiment of Muslims. In fact, the source states “The Magistrate [at Deoria] found Muhammadans excited because they heard a picture was in circulation representing a Muhammadan with a sword drawn sacrificing a cow, and this they considered an insult.” --Ghostexorcist (talk) 05:47, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * (edit conflict) I've looked over both sources, and they both say "Kali yug"/"Kaliyug" was widely understood to symbolize the Muslim community. The second source might be partisan, but the first doesn't appear to be. And even if it was, our verifiability policy says "verifiability, not truth"; i.e. we don't publish the truth, we publish what's verifiable in reliable sources. Unless there are more convincing sources that claim the opposite (that Kali doesn't represent Muslims in this picture), we can verifiably say Kali represents Muslims in this image. Although, I emphasize that we aren't saying that anymore in this article, so there shouldn't be any problem. -kotra (talk) 06:04, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

The other point of view
Jha, D.N. The Myth of the Holy Cow (2002) (excerpts available on Google Books) adduces a lot of citations and quotes from Hindu Scriptures to prove that cows were systematically killed, sacrificed and eaten in Vedic times. I only added one sentence referring to the argument in the beginning, but the sections on Hindu scriptures still reflect only the "pro-cow" view and provide only quotes supporting it. I'm too lazy and disinterested to make more edits, but something should be done about this.--91.148.159.4 (talk) 19:20, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

I was going to post something similar on this page, simply because I do not have the references, and so cannot post it in the article.

The material that I read may be from the same source. It stated that the "Holy Cow" came about because - as stated in the Wikipedia article, cows have many benefits to humans. So, they fit the concept "the more valuable the item, the better the sacrifice". Then wealthy people started to compete in how many cattle they would sacrifice.

The theory is that the priests created the "Holy Cow" doctrine to stop the senseless sacrifice of literally thousands of cows. 162.205.217.211 (talk) 19:20, 30 September 2015 (UTC)

Title needs to be changed to "Cattle in HINDUISM"
The article is clearly focused on the Hindu perspective and even when other religious traditions are mentioned, they are mentioned with a Hindu polemical slant. The section on Zoroastrianism is pure BUNK. What the hell is "geush urva"? No such thing exists.

I'm going to rewrite the Zoroastrian section and I recommend the entire article be reviewed for its obvious Hindu POV violations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.136.104.21 (talk) 18:17, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That's because this article used to be called Sacred Cow in Hindu culture. But, against my advice, it was renamed and a few meager references to other Egypt and Zoroastrianism was added it. I originally advised those who did it that more info should be gathered first. --Ghostexorcist (talk) 18:29, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I found a book on Google book that stated guesh urva means "soul of the cow." --Ghostexorcist (talk) 18:44, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * To be accurate, the name of this article has only been "Cattle in religion" and, before that, "Sacred Cow"; there has never been any mention of India or Hinduism in the title. I did, however, suggest at one point splitting off the Hinduism-related content into a sub-article called "Cattle in Hinduism"; there were no comments on that idea so I didn't pursue it; but I think it would still be a good option. I do not, however, think that just renaming the current article to "Cattle in Hinduism" is an acceptable option, because we have sections on Zoroastrianism, Ancient Egypt, and East Asia. This information belongs somewhere. -kotra (talk) 00:31, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That's why I only linked the "Sacred Cow" part. --Ghostexorcist (talk) 00:55, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh, I misunderstood you then. Sorry about that. -kotra (talk) 01:14, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

In East Asia
The In East Asia section is in very poor shape. I attempted to improve the grammar but nearly of the sources cited are apparently either blogs or original research (in the case of the citation of "Classic of Rites"). I will try to ask Chinese speakers for assistance in verifying these, but I am not hopeful and the whole section may have to go if there are no reliable sources found. -kotra (talk) 00:47, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * All but the last reference in that section are blogs. The last sentence "Occasionally, some cows showed a tear before slaughter, and these cows are often released to temples nearby" is confirmed to be true and relible by the Yahoo HK news. According to this news report, in 1983, a 17-year old cow was at the Cheung Sha Wan slaughterhouse waiting to be slaughtered. It keeled down and cried. People saw this and spared its life, releasing it to a temple. The cow died 11 years after this incident. OhanaUnitedTalk page 06:50, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I have removed the blogs now, and reworded the last sentence to match what you've described. It doesn't sound like a pattern of crying cows being released to temples, so I've only described the single incident. I'm not really sure if this one incident in 83 is worth mentioning, though. -kotra (talk) 18:25, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Another real incident in Fujian 真实事件：福建老牛被杀前跪地乞命 临终托梦见牧童(图)[i·宁德 ”支提佛显灵“的那些传说你还记得吗? ] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jack kwun (talk • contribs) 11:14, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:42, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Implicit error in this article
This article creates a misimpression that cattle slaughter is somehow illegal in India or opposed by Hinduism generally. That is incorrect. Only the slaughter of female cattle (i.e. cows) is banned in most states of India. Oxen are legal to slaughter virtually everywhere in India. Buffaloes of either gender are also slaughtered legally. --Hunnjazal (talk) 17:36, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Google it http://www.google.co.in/search?q=do+hindus+eat+beef&

premise of this article might be inaccurate.123lightki (talk) 06:39, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

Article mess
It's fine if most of the text gets shunted off to a Hindu-specific article, but we should have a page somewhere addressing cattle gods in general. I'll add two links to two Celtic goddesses, but I'm sure there's much more. — Llywelyn II   14:10, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure. Is this a subject of scholarly (or even general) interest? The comparative analysis of bovine deities seems like an extremely narrow topic. A simple list would probably be sufficient. My vote is to change this article to Hindu-only since that is very obviously what it wants to be. Krychek (talk) 14:30, 20 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Just take out 20 mins, and write anything like "Islam", "christianity", and especially about the role of cows in those 2. The article title is fine, fits for it's purpose. Bladesmulti (talk) 15:29, 10 October 2013 (UTC)

China
For the point "Occasionally, some cows seen weeping before slaughter are often released to temples nearby" Many links were given in chinease.I Commented few. If find them required, please add them after testing the site content.I doubt they are added simply.... Kuzhali.india (talk) Kuzhali.india (talk) 07:23, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

Zoroastrian Cleaning
For more on Zoroastrian use of cow urine (chiefly as a preventative against leprosy and then later as a preventative against disease and evil spirits more generally), see here. In lieu of cow's urine, apparently goat or human urine was used as a less effective substitute into the 20th century. — Llywelyn II   09:03, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Archeology of Ancient Nubia
— Assignment last updated by Aluurts (talk) 20:10, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Cattle in religion and mythology


text: Category:Olympic wrestlers by country

title: Category:Olympic wrestlers by country


text: Category:Olympic wrestlers for Great Britain


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Brown's Chicken massacre

The Brown's Chicken massacre was a mass murder that occurred on January 8, 1993, in Palatine, Illinois, when two robbers shot and killed seven employees at a Brown's Chicken fast-food restaurant.

The case remained unsolved for nearly nine years, until one of the assailants was implicated by his girlfriend in 2002. Police used DNA samples from the murder scene to match one of the suspects, Juan Luna. Luna was put on trial in 2007, found guilty of seven counts of first degree murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment. James Degorski, the other assailant, was found guilty in 2009 on all seven counts of first degree murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole.

Incident
On January 8, 1993, seven people were shot and killed at the Brown's Chicken & Pasta at 168 West Northwest Highway in Palatine. The victims included the owners, 50-year-old Richard E. Ehlenfeldt and 49-year-old Lynn A. Ehlenfeldt (née Wiese), and five employees: 46-year-old Guadalupe Maldonado, 16-year-old Michael C. Castro, 17-year-old Rico L. Solis, 32-year-old Thomas Mennes, and 31-year-old Marcus Nellsen; Castro and Solis were Palatine High School students working there part-time. All victims had been killed in two walk-in freezers. Lynn Ehlenfeldt also had her throat slashed before being shot. The assailants stole between $1,800 and $1,900 from the restaurant,.

Two of the Ehlenfeldts' daughters were scheduled to be at the restaurant that night, but were not present at the time of the killing. A third daughter, Jennifer, was later elected to the Wisconsin Senate.

Michael Castro's parents called the police a couple hours after closing time. Later, Guadalupe Maldonado's wife also called the police, concerned that her husband did not return home from work and that his car was still in the apparently closed Brown's Chicken parking lot. When officers arrived at the building, they spotted the rear employees' door open. Inside, they found the seven bodies, some face-down, some face-up, in a cooler and in a walk-in refrigerator. When Palatine police found the bodies, it was more than 5½ hours after the 9 p.m. closing.

Perpetrators
In March 2002, more than nine years after the murders, Anne Lockett came forward and implicated her former boyfriend, James Degorski, and his associate, Juan Luna, in the crime. Degorski and Luna had been childhood friends and attended William Fremd High School together. Luna, then aged 18, was a former employee of the restaurant. In April 2002, the Palatine Police Department matched a DNA sample from Luna to a sample of saliva from a piece of partially eaten chicken found in the garbage during the crime scene investigation.

The chicken was kept in a freezer for most of the time since the crime. Testimony at trial indicated it was not frozen for several days after discovery, and was allowed to thaw several times for examination and testing, in the hope of an eventual match via increasingly sophisticated testing methods not available in 1993.

The Palatine Police Department took the two suspects into custody on May 16, 2002. Luna confessed to the crime during an interrogation, though his lawyers later claimed that he was coerced to do so through police brutality and had his family, who were Mexican nationals, threatened with deportation. Degorski also confessed and an audio recording of it played during his trial, although his lawyers similarly contended that the confession was obtained under duress. Both men subsequently went to trial.

On May 10, 2007, Juan Luna was found guilty of all seven counts of murder. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole on May 17. The state sought the death penalty, which was available at the time, but the jury's vote of eleven-to-one in favor of the death penalty fell short of the required unanimity to impose it.

On September 29, 2009, James Degorski was found guilty of all seven counts of murder, largely on the testimony of his former girlfriend Anne Lockett and another woman, Eileen Bakalla, who both stated that Degorski separately confessed to them. Luna had also implicated Degorski during his own confession in 2002. On October 20, 2009, he was sentenced to life in prison without parole. All but two of the jurors voted for the death penalty.

In March 2014, a jury awarded James Degorski $451,000 in compensation and punitive damages after being beaten by a Sheriff's deputy in Cook County Jail in May 2002. He suffered facial fractures that required surgery. The deputy was eventually dismissed.

Degorski appealed the verdict in 2016 and 2022, claiming that Luna had been the sole perpetrator and again calling Lockett's testimony uncredible due to her record for psychiatric issues and past drug addiction. In 2016, Degorski also presented a sworn statement by Richard Bilik, whom Lockett had been dating during their own relationship, who alleged that Lockett had repeatedly asked him about the Brown's Chicken murders, after which Des Plaines and Palantine police took him in for questioning; Bilik had been serving a 15 year sentence for arson since 2012. The appeals were denied both times in court.

Aftermath
The incident had an adverse effect on the entire Brown's Chicken franchise. Sales at all restaurants dropped 35 percent within months of the incident, and the company eventually had to close 100 restaurants in the Chicago area.

The building was razed in April 2001, after briefly housing a dry cleaning establishment and then standing vacant for many years. A Chase Bank branch office was constructed at the former Brown's location.

Luna and Degorski are imprisoned at the Stateville Correctional Center.

title: Brown's Chicken massacre


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Shingo Takatsu

Shingo Takatsu (高津 臣吾, Takatsu Shingo) (born November 25, 1968) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher and manager. He had a short stint with the Chicago White Sox where he was the closer for two seasons until struggles closing games ultimately led to his demotion to the minors. Despite being demoted in the summer of 2005, he received a World Series ring with the White Sox. He was signed by the New York Mets during the 2005 season, and he pitched in nine games for New York. After the 2005 season, he returned to the Nippon Professional Baseball.

He is known by the nickname "Mr. Zero" because he did not give up a single run in 11 Japan Series games. In the 2004 season, his entrance in home games was accompanied by a video montage and a loud gong.

Shingo Takatsu, like many Japanese pitchers, has incorporated pauses into his pitching mechanics in order to throw off batters' timing. His arm angle varies from sidearm to submarine.

Biography
Takatsu was a fan of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp during his childhood, and grew up wanting to play for the team. He attended Hiroshima Kogyo High School, and his team advanced to the Koshien tournament twice in his senior year. However, Takatsu was the backup pitcher, and never pitched in the tournament. He continued pitching for Asia University (Japan), but was the backup throughout his college years.

Takatsu was drafted by the Yakult Swallows in the third round of the 1990 draft. He won only 6 games in his first two years as a starter, but became the team's closer in 1993, after marking his first save on May 2. He made 20 saves that year, contributing to his team's championship.

In 1994, Takatsu led the league in saves (19), and saved over 20 games in each of 1995 and 1996. In 1997, he blew several saves at the beginning of the season, and was demoted to relief duty for the rest of 1997 and 1998. He returned to his closing role in 1999, and led the league in saves (30) for the second time in his career. He repeated his performance in 2001, making 37 saves as his team won the championship again. In 2003, he passed Kazuhiro Sasaki in career saves, and led the league in saves for the fourth time in his career.

In 2004, he signed with the Chicago White Sox as a free agent, and marked a 2.31 ERA in 56 games, along with 19 saves. His first major league appearance came against Hideki Matsui, whom he had faced numerous times in the Japanese Central League. Matsui's first home run in Japan had come off Takatsu in the same game in which Takatsu recorded his first career save. Takatsu finished second in AL Rookie of the Year voting behind Bobby Crosby. Takatsu did not pitch well the next season, and was demoted to the minors, and cut in August. He signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets, and made his way up to the majors, but was dropped at the end of the season.

Takatsu returned to his old team, the Yakult Swallows, in 2006. He was a reliever early in the season, but was given the closing job after injuries to Hirotoshi Ishii and Masao Kida. On October 7, 2006, he saved his 300th game (combined number from the majors and Japan). The only other Japanese player to have made 300 saves is former Seattle Mariners closer Kazuhiro Sasaki.

He has saved 8 games in 11 Japanese championship series games (the all-time record), and has not allowed a single run in those 11 games.

In 2008, Takatsu attempted to return to U.S. baseball and signed a minor league deal, with an invitation to spring training, with the Chicago Cubs of the MLB. However, he was released midway through spring training.

Takatsu was signed to the Seoul-based, Woori Heroes on June 13, 2008. He recorded his first save on June 29, 2008, becoming the first pitcher to get saves in Nippon Professional Baseball, Major League Baseball, and Korea Baseball Organization. But he was released from Heroes in December 2008.

On June 15, 2009, he signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball.

In January 2010, Takatsu joined Sinon Bulls of CPBL in Taiwan. He becomes the first Japanese professional player to have played in NPB, MLB, KBO, and CPBL. On November 26, 2010, he announced on his blog that Sinon will not renew the contract.

In 2020, he became the manager of the Yakult Swallows, replacing Junji Ogawa.

In 2022, he was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

Pitching style
Takatsu throws from the sidearm, and relies on three types of sinkers to mix up opponents. His fastball falls in the mid 80 mph range, and his sinkers have different speeds. Two fall in the 66-70 mph range (Takatsu pitches these with a screwball mechanics, and these pitches sometimes are described as a changeup), while the other can reach 80 mph. He occasionally throws a curve as well. When Takatsu first arrived in the major leagues, commentators called his sinkers changeups, since they were so slow compared to conventional sinkers. He is one of the few closers that does not throw a good fastball or a hard breaking pitch, relying on good control to make batters hit themselves into outs.

title: Shingo Takatsu


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Category:Speculative fiction

Speculative fiction is a term encompassing science fiction, fantasy, horror, and other branches of literature not related to literary realism.

title: Category:Speculative fiction


text:
Talk:White pride

This article is quite peculiar for Wikipedia
Judging by the large amount of users that are perplexed at the difference between this article and other the pride articles, it would appear there is something fundamentally wrong with the content. The need for an FAQ if anything highlights this fact, even if it doesn't contain any satisfactory answers. It seems like the narrow determination of what is a reliable source (predominately a certain portion of US-based media) has lead to this issue - any ideas on how to fix the article? 60.234.208.246 (talk) 03:58, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The FAQ is because countless editors have already attempted this exact tactic of superficially polite POV-pushing on this talk page. Reliable sources are the same here as they are everywhere else, so nothing needs to be "fixed". Grayfell (talk) 04:25, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree that more consideration needs to be made for how this article is worded and which sources are included, given that the specifics of this article are a hot topic in how wikipedia's balance and bias is viewed, the lede is especially pushy of a certain frame of reference. Most of the sources specifically investigate the term in a slim context of racial abuse whereas I would find benefit in contextualizing the term as a response to the dilapidation and displacement of classical western identity in the setting of multiculturalism, if any such texts exist, and I would be happy to see a viewpoint that analyzes the term without explicitly custodializing it to the Neo-Nazi movement or other fascist movements.
 * The current state of the article likely reflects an institutional bias in publishing, it would be prudent to seek those contradicting opinions so as to give a more equitable account of the term. Insect.eate (talk) 23:04, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Then you should be able to provide references that back up what you think the article should say. This has never been addressed by any of the visitors to this talkpage that think it is somehow about something else, presumably innocuous  Acroterion   (talk)   23:14, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

White pride vs black pride
It seems that the authors have a certain bias that they try to hide here Its not fair to mention the radicals on one side in the first paragraphs of the page while the other page has barely if ANY mention at all i don't say that radicalism does not exist but the fact that on ONE side the radicalism is plastered in the first few lines of text seems totally unfair on a technical sense 37.128.224.42 (talk) 16:59, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Read the FAQ at the top of the page. We go where the sources go, and for this topic, they lead to a pervasive tendency for "white pride" tp be a cover for bigotry.  Acroterion   (talk)   17:02, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Again, it's not the credibility of the info but the way it's presented
 * The order of things to be specific
 * White pride is first above all pride of the skin one has
 * The movement was and is used with racist intent but the problem is how DIFFERENT the articles are compared to white vs black vs Asian pride
 * You should give the simplest definition THEN add a topic where this movement is used by racists
 * In my opinion for it to be as unbiased as possible it should be like this:
 * WHITE PRIDE
 * Definition
 * Insert the definition like all the others
 * History
 * How it started theories rethoric
 * Different interpretations around the globe, Europe usa and other places
 * THEN list the controversies
 * Like how nazi germany used it the confederacy and what not
 * Because right now this current format hurts the credibility of Wikipedia as an unbiased political source that takes sides while claiming objectivity 78.96.206.170 (talk) 11:48, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * "White pride is first above all pride of the skin one has" - cite this please. All you've done is list your own preferred definition.  Reliable sources overwhelmingly don't define the article subject in that way, and how other topics are handled in other articles is irrelevant.  They are not the same things.
 * "THEN list the controversies" - Controversy sections are discouraged, precisely because they can present an unbalanced view of the article subject with undue emphasis on the negative. It is always preferable that any "controversy" is discussed within the article with everything else, where it can be discussed as part of the bigger picture. -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 12:07, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * source for that definition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pride
 * wikipedia
 * TO QUOTE from the official wikipedia page;"Black pride in the United States is a movement which encourages black people to celebrate African-American culture and embrace their African heritage"
 * definition given by wikipedia itself
 * now lets show the double standard of wikipedia and lets make a quote comparrison
 * white pride quote;"White pride and white power are expressions primarily used by white separatist, white nationalist, fascist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist organizations in order to signal racist or racialist viewpoints."
 * COMPARISON
 * Black pride quote
 * "Black pride in the United States is a movement which encourages black people to celebrate African-American culture and embrace their African heritage"
 * lets compare it with Asian pride
 * source :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_pride
 * quote from wikipedia
 * "Asian pride is a term that encourages celebration of Asian ethnicity and culture, with various interpretations and origins."
 * given the pages mentioned above it stands to reason that white pride would follow the same logic
 * Despite the fact that its claimed that ,and i quote " Controversy sections are discouraged, precisely because they can present an unbalanced view of the article subject with undue emphasis on the negative." the white pride wikipedia page ONLY STATES controversial topics and fails to give a similar definition that both black and asian pride pages includes
 * Closing statement
 * I DO NOT say that it isnt used by people with racist tendencies but this glaring difference between wikipedia pages hurts the credibility of the site 78.96.206.170 (talk) 13:25, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Sources treat the terms/concepts differently so we must do the same. Please read the FAQ.  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 13:28, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Controversial movements should be mentioned but the definition should be the same
 * I did not ask to remove the controversial information or reduce its importance in any way i asked to follow the same logic of definition that it was used in the previously mentioned pages i will make the suggestion to add this definition of white pride to maintain professional credibility.
 * First to quote asian pride ;
 * "Asian pride is a term that encourages celebration of Asian ethnicity and culture, with various interpretations and origins."
 * Given this wikipedia definition ,following logic white pride should be defined as this ;
 * " White pride is a term that encourages celebration of European ethnicity and culture, with various interpretations and origins."
 * The glaring difference between pages only gives the people who are racist more credibility and allows them to point fingers at wikipedia and use this difference as ammunition. 78.96.206.170 (talk) 13:45, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * "source for that definition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pride" - Nope.  That is a definition for Black Pride, not White Pride, (and Wikipedia cannot act as a source for itself anyway). Your argument is essentially The Mexico City article should look the same as the Manchester City article, because they both mention places and end in "City", despite reliable sources saying they are not the same things.  -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 16:20, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * except that mancester city DOES NOT end in mancester city but the full definition is Manchester City FC(footbal club)
 * your example is a False equivalance
 * source
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_equivalence
 * https://effectiviology.com/false-equivalence/
 * white in the context white pride reffers at the collor of the skin
 * source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people
 * i will say now
 * the wiki definition starts with a politically influenced definition and not its simplest definition
 * to quote te wiki article
 * "White pride and white power are expressions primarily used by white separatist, white nationalist, fascist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist organizations in order to signal racist or racialist viewpoints."
 * the problem isnt that this paragraph exists but that the barebones definition is ignored and there is a GLARING DOUBLE STANDARD compared to asian and black pride
 * also some sources used to define white pride are either news articles some that no longer exist or are personal opinions
 * to end this argument once and for all
 * White pride IS USED BY RACISTS it is BUT its simply INCORRECT to not add the definition used on other pages
 * This INTENTIONAL oversight will only serve as amunition for those who are racist
 * And worst of all it hurts the credibility of the site as politically neutral
 * Best regards 78.96.206.170 (talk) 21:00, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:White pride


text:
User:JTN

is dreck

title: User:JTN


text:
October Revolution (disambiguation)

The October Revolution, or "Red October", was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks in 1917.

October Revolution may also refer to:

Political events

 * 5 October 1910 revolution, the overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy
 * Xinhai Revolution in China of October 1911, sometimes called the October Revolution
 * Polish October anti-Stalinist protests and riots of 1956
 * The overthrow of Juan Federico Ponce Vaides and the beginning of the Guatemalan Revolution in 1944
 * October 1964 Revolution in Sudan
 * Peaceful Revolution in East Germany and the decisive events of October–November 1989
 * Vienna Uprising or October Revolution of 1848
 * Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević ("5 October Overthrow") in 2000 in Belgrade, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 * October Rebellion, a series of protests surrounding the 2007 World Bank meetings in Washington D.C., U.S.
 * Revolution of 1934, or Revolution of October 1934, a series of revolutionary strikes in Spain
 * 2019–2021 Lebanese protests, a series of civil protests in Lebanon that began in October 2019 and is still ongoing
 * 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, stand-off in Moscow between the Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian parliament

Other uses

 * October Revolution Island, an island in the Russian Arctic, named after the Russian October Revolution
 * Russian battleship Gangut (1911), recommissioned in 1925 as Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya
 * October Revolution in Jazz, a 1964 music festival
 * The October Revolution (album), a live album of a concert celebrating the anniversary of the October Revolution in Jazz

title: October Revolution (disambiguation)


text:
List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh

, the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh comprised 28 districts, including Itanagar capital complex, with more districts proposed. Most of the districts are inhabited by various tribal groups. The latest and presently valid official map of districts of Arunachal Pradesh, after the most recent new districts were last announced on 30 August 2018, is in the external links.

History

 * In September 1965, when control of the North-East Frontier Agency was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs, its five divisions, Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, Lohit and Tirap each became districts. Over the next few years many new districts were created out of the original five:

 * In 1972, when Arunachal became a state, the Itanagar was designated as the capital complex as a separate district level administrative unit.

 * On 13 May 1980 Subansiri district was bifurcated into two districts: Lower Subansiri district and Upper Subansiri district. Upper Subansiri district comprised the area occupied by the erstwhile Daporijo sub-division and Lower Subansiri district comprised the rest of the area occupied by the erstwhile Subansiri district.

 * On 1 June 1980,
 * 1) The erstwhile Lohit district was divided into two districts: Lohit district and Dibang Valley district.
 * 2) Siang district was bifurcated into two districts: East Siang district and West Siang district.
 * 3) Seppa and Bomdila sub-divisions of the Kameng district were transformed into East Kameng district and West Kameng district, respectively.

 * On 6 October 1984, Tawang district was separated from East Kameng district.

 * In 1987, the erstwhile Tirap district was divided into two districts: Tirap district and Changlang district.

 * On 22 September 1992, the erstwhile Lower Subansiri district was again bifurcated into Lower Subansiri district and Papum Pare district.

 * On 23 November 1994, Upper Siang district was split from East Siang district.

 * On 1 April 2001, Kurung Kumey district was carved out from the erstwhile Lower Subansiri district.

 * On 16 December 2001, Dibang Valley district was bifurcated into Dibang Valley district and Lower Dibang Valley district.

 * On 16 February 2004, Anjaw district was carved out from the erstwhile Lohit district.

 * On 19 March 2012, Longding district was carved out from the erstwhile Tirap district.

 * On 25 November 2014, Namsai district was carved out from the erstwhile Lohit district.

 * On 7 February 2015, Kra Daadi district was carved out from the erstwhile Kurung Kumey district.

 * On 27 November 2015, a new Siang district was carved out from parts of East Siang and West Siang districts.

 * On 22 September 2017, Lower Siang district, was carved out of West Siang and East Siang districts.

 * On 4 December 2017, a new district called Kamle district was created from Lower Subansiri District and Upper Subansiri District, with its headquarters to be located in Raga. It comprises the administrative circles of Raga (which will be the district HQ), Kumporijo and Dollungmukh circles from Lower Subansiri District. The administrative circles taken from Upper Subansiri District will be Gepen Circle, Puchigeko Circle, Daporijo Sadar which falls under 25 Raga Constituency including Ligu and Liruk demarcation from Sigen Subansiri confluence in Single Administrative Unit.

 * On 30 August 2018, following 3 new districts were formed:
 * 1) Pakke-Kesang carved out of East Kameng district with five administrative units namely Pakke-Kessang, Seijosa, Pijiriang, Passa Valley and Dissingn Passo with district headquarters at Lemmi.
 * 2) Lepa-Rada created by bifurcating the Lower Siang district with headquarters at Basar and 4 administrative units namely Tirbin, Basar, Daring and Sago.
 * 3) Shi-Yomi created by bifurcating the West Siang district with its headquarters at Tato and 4 administrative units namely Mechuka, Tato, Pidi and Manigong.

 * On 7 February 2024, following 2 new districts were formed:
 * 1) Bichom
 * 2) Keyi Panyor with 195 villages carved out from Lower Subansiri district and will also include Ter Gapin and Sam Sath area.

Administrative set-up
The districts of Arunachal Pradesh state are administrative geographical units, each headed by a deputy commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service and a superintendent of police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service.

List of districts, clockwise starting from west, is as follows:

Proposals for new districts
Proposed new districts listed clockwise starting from west:

 * From Tawang district (HQ- Tawang):
 * Zemithang district (HQ- Zemithang): northwest of Tawang town, near India-Tibet-Bhutan tri-junction.

 * Lumla district (HQ- Lumla): west of Tawang town, near Bhutan border.

 * Mago district (HQ- Mago): east of Tawang town and north of Nafra.

 * From West Kameng district (HQ- Bomdila):
 * Semteng district (HQ- Semteng): on southeast border of Bhutan, west of Shergaon and Bomdila.

 * Sangti district (HQ- Sangti): in Sangti Valley, northeast of Bomdila.

 * From existing Kurung Kumey district (HQ- Koloriang):

 * North Subansiri district (HQ- Sarli): from existing 3 districts, namely Kurung Kumey district, Kra Daadi district and Upper Subansiri district on the northernmost Indo-China border entailing the subdivisions of Sarli and Damin from "Kurung Kumey district", Pipsorang and Longding Koling from "Kra Daadi district", and Taksing, Limeking, Nacho and Siyum from the "Upper Subansiri district". It lies west of Koloriang.

 * Kumey district (HQ- Patuk): from existing Kurung Kumey district will have 12,000 population across Damin, Parsi-Parlo and Panja-Sing circles. It lies east of Sarli and Koloriang.

 * Chulla district (HQ- Chulla): in

 * From existing Papum Pare district (HQ- Yupia):
 * Sagalee district (HQ- Sagalee): entailing the existing sub-divisions of Sagalee, Leporiang, Parang, and Mengio.

 * From existing Upper Subansiri district (HQ- Daporijo):

 * Limeking district (HQ- Limeking): northwest of Nacho.

 * From Shi Yomi district (HQ- Tato):

 * Mechuka district (HQ- Mechuka): in existing Shi-Yomi district, east of Nacho.

 * Monigong district (HQ- Monigong): in existing east of Mechuka and west of Tuting.

 * From existing Upper Siang district (HQ- Yingkiong):

 * Tuting district (HQ - Tuting): from existing Upper Siang district, including Singa, Gelling, Paling and Miging and Tuting circles of Tuting sub-division on India-China border along the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra River).

 * Sinik district (Singa district) (HQ- Singa): from existing Upper Siang district. There is demand to create two districts out of Nacho constituency and subdivision -Tuting district in Sinik district. This lies on India-China border southeast of Tuting towards Anini.

 * From existing Dibang Valley district (HQ: Anini):

 * Asunli district (HQ: Asunli) : from western "Dibang Valley district", west of Anini towards Tuting & Singa.

 * Engolin (HQ: Engolin) : from northern "Dibang Valley district", north of Mipi and Anini.

 * Malinye district (HQ: Malinye) from eastern "Dibang Valley district", southeast of Anini and east of Etalin towards Chaglagam, immediate north of Fish Tail-II.

 * Esuli district i.e. Yamne-Sikang district (HQ: Esuli) from south "Dibang Valley district", along Sikang river (Dibang River), 180 km south of Anini, 130 south of Etalin, 145 km north of Roing. Two NW-SE flowing tributary rivers meet the Dibang river at Esuli, one flowing along Cheppe and Egolin on Tuting-Singa-Cheppe/Egolin section of under construction Arunachal Frontier Highway, and other flowing parallel to the first one to its east along Asunli.

 * From Anjaw district (HQ Hawai): the easternmost district.

 * Chaglagam district (HQ Chaglagam): fom northwest part of Anjaw district, immediate south of Fish Tail-II.

 * Hayuliang district (HQ- Hayuliang): from southwest part of Anjaw district.

 * Dong district (Dong): from northeast part of Anjaw district including Kibithu.

 * From existing Changlang district (HQ Changlang):
 * Vijaynagar district (Arunachal) (HQ- Vijoynagar): includes Namdapha National Park & Tiger Reserve.

 * Diyun district (HQ- Diyun): between Namsai district HQ and Miao.

 * Jairampur district (HQ-  Jairampur): southwest of Diyun, on border with Assam.

 * Nampong district (HQ- Nampong: near Pangsau Pass on border with Myanmar on NH-3155 Ledo Road (Stilwell Road).

 * Rima district (HQ- Miao): from existing Changlang district was proposed in 2017 entail8ng existing subdivisions of Diyun, Bordumsa, Kharsang, Jairampur, Nampong, Rima-Putak (Tikhak), Miao, and Vijoynagar from the "Changlang district". However, it was unanimously opposed by the Changlang People's Forum in the same month.

 * From existing Tirap district (HQ: Khonsa):

 * Borduria district (HQ- Borduria): Borduria lies 10 km north of Tirap district headquarter Khonsa.

title: List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh


text: Category:Olympic wrestlers for Canada

title: Category:Olympic wrestlers for Canada


text:
Colitis

Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:
 * The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or
 * The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.

Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of colitis are quite variable and dependent on the cause of the given colitis and factors that modify its course and severity.

Common symptoms of colitis may include: mild to severe abdominal pains and tenderness (depending on the stage of the disease), persistent hemorrhagic diarrhea with pus either present or absent in the stools, fecal incontinence, flatulence, fatigue, loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss.

More severe symptoms may include: shortness of breath, a fast or irregular heartbeat and fever.

Other less common or rare non-specific symptoms that may accompany colitis include: arthritis, mouth ulcers, painful, red and swollen skin and irritated, bloodshot eyes.

Signs seen on colonoscopy include: colonic mucosal erythema (redness of the colon's inner surface), ulcerations and hemorrhage.

Diagnosis
Symptoms suggestive of colitis are worked-up by obtaining the medical history, a physical examination and laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, stool culture and sensitivity, stool ova and parasites et cetera). Additional tests may include medical imaging (e.g. abdominal computed tomography, abdominal X-rays) and an examination with a camera inserted into the rectum (sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy).

An important investigation in the assessment of colitis is biopsy for histopathology. A very small piece of tissue (usually about 2mm) is removed from the bowel mucosa during endoscopy and examined under the microscope by a histopathologist. A biopsy report generally does not state the diagnosis, but should state any presence of chronic colitis, give an indication of disease activity, as well as state the presence of any epithelial damage (erosions and ulcerations).

Histopathology findings generally associated with chronic colitis include:

Types
There are many types of colitis. They are usually classified by the cause.

Types of colitis include:

Autoimmune

 * Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – a group of chronic colitides.
 * Ulcerative colitis (UC) – a chronic colitis that affects the large intestine.
 * Crohn's disease (CD) – another type of IBD that often leads to colitis.

Unknown

 * Microscopic colitis – a colitis diagnosed by microscopic examination of colonic tissue; macroscopically ("to the eye") it appears normal.
 * Lymphocytic colitis
 * Collagenous colitis

Treatment-caused

 * Diversion colitis
 * Chemical colitis
 * Chemotherapy-induced colitis
 * Radiation colitis
 * Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis

Vascular disease

 * Ischemic colitis

Infectious

 * Infectious colitis

A subtype of infectious colitis is Clostridioides difficile colitis, which is informally abbreviated as "C-diff colitis". It classically forms pseudomembranes and is often referred to as pseudomembranous colitis, which is its (nonspecific) histomorphologic description.

Enterohemorrhagic colitis may be caused by Shiga toxin in Shigella dysenteriae or Shigatoxigenic group of Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes serotype O157:H7 and other enterohemorrhagic E. coli.

Parasitic infections, like those caused by Entamoeba histolytica, can also cause colitis.

Unclassifiable colitides
Indeterminate colitis is the classification for colitis that has features of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Indeterminate colitis' behaviour is usually closer to ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease.

Treatment
Treatment for this condition can include medications such as steroids and dietary changes. In some instances, hospitalization and surgery may be required.

Moreover, several studies recently have found significant relationship between colitis and dairy allergy (including: cow milk, cow milk UHT and casein),   suggesting some patients may benefit from an elimination diet.

Microbiome modification
The use of oral probiotic supplements to modify the composition and behavior of the microbiome has been considered as a possible therapy for both induction and maintenance of remission in people with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A Cochrane review in 2020 did not find clear evidence of improved remission likelihood, nor lower adverse events, in people with Crohn's disease, following probiotic treatment.

For ulcerative colitis, there is low-certainty evidence that probiotic supplements may increase the probability of clinical remission. People receiving probiotics were 73% more likely to experience disease remission and over 2x as likely to report improvement in symptoms compared to those receiving a placebo, with no clear difference in minor or serious adverse effects. Although there was no clear evidence of greater remission when probiotic supplements were compared with 5‐aminosalicylic acid treatment as a monotherapy, the likelihood of remission was 22% higher if probiotics were used in combination with 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy. Whereas in people who are already in remission, it is unclear whether probiotics help to prevent future relapse, either as a monotherapy or combination therapy.

Research
In the lab, the CRISPR-Cas systems effectively killed C. difficile bacteria. Researchers tested this approach in mice infected with C. difficile. Two days after the CRISPR treatment, the mice showed reduced C. difficile levels. Next steps include retooling the phage to prevent C. difficile from returning after the initial effective killing.

In 2022, Yang et al. published a report on a successful treatment, using mesenchymal stem cells, of experimental colitis in mice.

Additional research was conducted by Huang et al. that analyzed specific genes and biological markers that are associated with the risk of colon cancer development in patients with colitis. The results showed a correlation between certain biomarkers and the development of disease.

Colitis is common in parts of the world where helminthic colonisation is rare, and uncommon in those areas where most people carry worms. Infections with helminths may alter the autoimmune response that causes the disease. Early trials of Trichuris suis ova (TSO) showed promising results when used in people with IBD  but later trials failed at Phase 2, and most were eventually discontinued. However, the phase 2 trials had used a different formulation of TSO from the one that had been used in the earlier studies that had shown positive outcomes.

title: Colitis


text:
Chet Helms

Chester Leo "Chet" Helms (August 2, 1942 – June 25, 2005), often called the father of San Francisco's 1967 "Summer of Love," was a music promoter and a counterculture figure in San Francisco during its hippie period in the mid- to-late 1960s.

Helms was the founder and manager of Big Brother and the Holding Company and recruited Janis Joplin as its lead singer. He was a producer and organizer, helping to stage free concerts and other cultural events at Golden Gate Park, the backdrop of San Francisco's Summer of Love in 1967, as well as at other venues, including the Avalon Ballroom.

He was the first producer of psychedelic light-show concerts at the Fillmore and the Avalon Ballroom and was instrumental in helping to develop bands that had the distinctive San Francisco Sound. Helms died June 25, 2005, of complications of a stroke. He was 62.

Childhood
Chester Leo Helms was born in Santa Maria, California, the eldest of three sons. His parents were Chester and Novella Helms. Helms' father, a manager at a local sugar beet mill, died when his oldest child was nine. Chet's mother, Novella, took the boys and their terminally ill father to Texas where her family, the Dearmore family resided. After Chet's father passed away his mother studied to become a school teacher and took the boys to the Ozarks in southwest Missouri and taught school in a two-room schoolhouse. She taught four grades in one room and the other four grades were taught by another teacher in the other room.

Helms spent the rest of his youth in Missouri and Texas, where he learned to organize events by helping to stage benefits for civil-rights groups. He enrolled at the University of Texas and became part of the music scene there, a scene that included a very young and inexperienced Janis Joplin. Soon he dropped out of school and, inspired by the Beat Generation writers, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg traveled across America in search of freedom and inspiration. He set off wearing shoulder-length hair, a beard and rimless glasses hitchhiking across the country. He ended up in San Francisco in 1962.

Later he returned to Austin with his best friend at the time, Peter Haigh, to visit his friend Janis Joplin. He thought she could make it as a singer in San Francisco. After a week of partying, they persuaded Janis to drop out of school and hitchhike back to San Francisco with them. Later he would bring her to the attention of Big Brother and the Holding Company.

Arrival in San Francisco
After arriving in San Francisco in 1962, he scrounged a living in various ways, including selling marijuana, an occupation that caused him to go to a boardinghouse at 1090 Page Street. The house was in Haight-Ashbury, then a rundown, low-rent neighborhood. Having met many musicians in his trade, and appreciating the vibrant music scene in San Francisco, he instinctively recognized the need for a forum for musicians to play music together. When he saw the large basement at Page Street, he began arranging jam sessions for the local bands and musicians. Helms, an astute organizer, made those sessions popular and started charging an admission fee of 50 cents. His career as a rock concert promoter began. Big Brother and the Holding Company formed and Helms functioned as their informal manager. He teamed up Janis Joplin with Big Brother for music sessions in the Haight-Ashbury basement.

Founding
In February 1966 he formed a loose connection with Family Dog Productions at 2111 Pine Street, a hippie commune, which hosted dances and events.

Helms was the ideal person to help this group organize their presentations and he moved into the Family Dog house. Their first formal production was a concert at Longshoremen's Hall.

In February 1966, Helms formally founded Family Dog Productions to begin promoting concerts at The Fillmore Auditorium, alternating weekends with another young promoter, Bill Graham. Helms was instrumental in introducing Bill Graham to the nascent music scene in the Haight Asbury District of S.F. Helms was nurturing when Graham caught wind of the excitement Helms was creating and promoting. As the concerts became more popular, inevitable "conflicts" arose between the two promoters. Chet's style was "easy-going, mellow, soft-tempered until pushed." Graham's style was more driven. Within a few months Helms secured the permits necessary to host events at the Avalon Ballroom, an old dancehall at 1268 Sutter Street, on the corner of Sutter and Van Ness. Big Brother and the Holding Company debuted there in June 1966. Later Helms would get them the appearance that made them famous, the Monterey Pop Festival, where Albert Grossman spotted Joplin and offered her a contract.

Family Dog concerts
In the context of the Avalon's "anti-business model" and loose ambience, Helms' Family Dog held a series of concerts between April 1966 and November 1968, featuring a mix of artists, including rock, blues, soul, Indian, and rock and roll. They included:

Helms presented top blues performers including Country Joe and The Fish; Howlin' Wolf; Bo Diddley; Muddy Waters; Little Walter; Buddy Guy; Junior Wells; the Paul Butterfield Blues Band; Buddy Miles; James Cotton Blues Band; John Mayall; Big Mama Thornton; Albert Collins; Steve Miller; Son House; Mike Bloomfield; Elvin Bishop; Blues Project, with Al Kooper; John Hammond; Charlie Musselwhite; Siegel-Schwall Band; rock bands like The Doors; Buffalo Springfield; the Byrds; Bill Haley & His Comets; The Kinks;The Edwin Hawkins Singers; the Animals' Eric Burdon & War; The Mothers of Invention; Lovin' Spoonful; The Carlos Santana Blues Band; Sir Douglas Quintet; the Soul Survivors; the Fugs; Blood, Sweat & Tears; The Association; Shorty Featuring Georgie Fame; Grateful Dead; Iron Butterfly; the Youngbloods, with Jesse Colin Young; Vanilla Fudge; Steppenwolf; Poco; Love, with Arthur Lee; sarode-player and Indian music teacher, Ali Akbar Khan; Sandy Bull; Blue Cheer; the Leaves; New Riders of the Purple Sage; Barry McGuire; Flamin' Groovies; the Loading Zone; It's a Beautiful Day; Joy of Cooking; the Grass Roots; the Sons of Adam; Sons of Champlin; Captain Beefheart; the Electric Flag; Velvet Underground; Pacific Gas and Electric; Moby Grape; the Sopwith Camel; 13th Floor Elevators; The Charlatans; Allmen Joy (see Wings West Concrete Pools Perth); Mother Earth; Southern Comfort; The Ace of Cups; Tyrannosaurus Rex; Cleanliness and Godliness Skiffle Band; Flying Burrito Brothers; Congress of Love; Notes From the Underground; Chrome Circus; Initial Shock; Oxford Circle; Daily Flash; Electric Train; Sparrow; the Orchestra; Hourglass; Kaleidoscope; Mt. Rushmore; Other Half; Phoenix; Lothar & the Hand People; Commander Cody; Cleveland Wrecking Company; The Rhythm Dukes; A.B. Skhy; Frumious Bandersnatch; Eighth Penny Matter; Jimmerfield Legend; South Side Sound; Super Ball; Solid Muldoon; Box Top; and jazz artists Sun Ra and San Francisco's own John Handy; Charles Lloyd; the Jerry Hahn Brotherhood; and folksters Joan Baez; Dave Van Ronk; Jim Kweskin Jug Band; Taj Mahal; Tim Buckley and Flatt & Scruggs.

Family Dog speakers/Poets/Heroes of the Hour
Sometimes Helms cast the music promoter role aside and the Family Dog would feature speakers, including Alan Watts, Dr. Timothy Leary, Stephen Gaskin, poet Allen Ginsberg, and other counterculture gurus. Helms is linked in San Francisco lore with Bill Graham, the Diggers, Emmett Grogan, Ken Kesey, Jack Kerouac, Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure, Neal Cassady, Kenneth Rexroth, Ralph J. Gleason, and others.

The Family Dog Denver
In 1967, Helms and budding rock promotor Barry Fey agreed to open a Family Dog Productions concert dance hall in Denver, Colorado. They called it The Family Dog Denver, and brought in acts like The Doors, the Grateful Dead, Van Morrison, Jefferson Airplane, Buffalo Springfield, Chuck Berry, and many others. The San Francisco psychedelic poster artists were commissioned by Helms to do posters for the shows. Little has been known about the venue until the 2021 release of the documentary, The Tale of the Dog, which unearthed the story through interviews with the venue staff, bands, posters artists, attendees and Denver police, detailing the full history and lasting impact of "The Dog" for the first time.

Artwork and posters
To promote their concerts in both San Francisco and Denver, Family Dog published a series of innovative psychedelic posters, handbills and other ephemera, created by a group of prominent young San Francisco artists including Wes Wilson, Alton Kelley and Stanley Mouse (Mouse Studios), Rick Griffin, Steve Renick and Victor Moscoso. Often printed using intensely colored fluorescent inks, they typically featured a mixture of found images and specially drawn artwork. The posters of Griffin, Mouse and Kelly, in particular, were known for the intricate and highly stylized hand-lettering in which the concert details were written out, which sometimes took considerable time and effort to decipher. Original Avalon posters are now collector's items. In a slide show published with the obituary at the time of Wilson's death in 2020, The New York Times included an apparent portrait watercolor of Helms—a book in the foreground has Helms' full name on it.

Helms was also involved in joint productions/promotions at the Fillmore, Longshoreman's Hall, and Haight Street's Straight Theater (not all formal Family Dog Dance-Concerts).

Style as promoter
While Graham was an aggressive businessman and professional promoter, Helms presented a philosophical and intellectual business approach. He was the visionary along with Boots Houghston. He related easily to the San Francisco hippie subculture since, in essence, he was one of them. It was not the money he was after, that was the by-product of artistic talent; it was the creative unity of new emerging music sounds that enriched Helms and the community he was talking to, which spread worldwide. The San Francisco Chronicle called Helms "a towering figure in the 1960s Bay Area music scene."

Helms embraced music for music's sake and the Beat-hipster-generation-turned-hippie philosophy. While the war raged in Vietnam and the nation coped with racial clashes and assassinations, the anti-war, anti-establishment youth thrived in the throes of a social revolution. Meanwhile, Helms was cranking out bands and musicians espousing the same lifestyle as this new audience, while giving the very distinct impression that he was indifferent to money and commercial success.

His benign image could be deceptive. According to Jay Ferguson of Spirit, Graham would negotiate shrewdly and frequently offer a lower fee to a band than Helms, but when the concert was over, he would pay the band in full; Helms did not always do likewise. Some of the more serious bands (those not subsidized by trust funds) came to prefer Graham's hard-nosed, businesslike approach. Graham did covertly help Helms financially at various times during the 1970s, keeping San Francisco in the fore as the West Coast Music mecca.

The core San Francisco rock bands, Jefferson Airplane, Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Country Joe and the Fish, and Quicksilver Messenger Service (including pre-Dino Valenti), would play for both Graham's concerts at the Fillmore Auditorium, and the Family Dog at Helms' Avalon dances.

Helms' shows were always more relaxed and offered a pleasant alternative to Bill Graham Presents dances, at a more reasonable admission, and with more room for the stoned, arm-waving type of solo dancing that personified the era.

Janis Joplin
To concertgoers, Helms' contributions to the music world, like introducing a singer he knew in Texas, Janis Joplin, to the San Francisco music scene, were not always well publicized, but witnessing the final product of Joplin, with her powerful performances, was a spectacle. First introduced as a new bandmember of Big Brother, she brought what the Grateful Dead, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Big Brother did not seem at that point to have – a lead singer to match Jefferson Airplane's Marty Balin and Signe Toly Anderson.

With Joplin as the lead singer, Helms became the group's manager and introduced them on stage when they made their crucial appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, a performance that marked Joplin's elevation to national prominence.

Evolution
Bill Graham Presents shows evolved more into high-power, professional lineups of better-known headline bands that made him known as the can-do guy that he was, while Helms, although managing to produce top-flight bands, still showcased bands that tended to be hipper and local. Helms didn't seem to have the need to hire zealous uniformed security guards, so teenagers found it easier to sneak into his dances. Helms ultimately allowed free admission after midnight. The San Francisco Family Dog dances later re-emerged in a new location, the Family Dog on the Great Highway at the edge of the Western World (its exaggerated sometimes heard full title) which opened in the summer of 69. It was the former Ocean Beach Pavilion Ballroom turned slot car track that was right next door to the old skating rink and "Bull Pup Enchiladas" at Playland, Ocean Beach, at 660 The Great Highway in San Francisco's Richmond district.

In his career Helms used other locations like ventures in Denver,  Portland, and joint productions/promotions at the Fillmore, Longshoreman's Hall, and Haight Street's Straight Theater (not all formal Family Dog Dance-Concerts), etc.

Later years
Helms left the concert business in 1970, except for managing a few later events: Tribal Stomp at Berkeley's Greek Theater (1978), Tribal Stomp II at the Monterey County Fairgrounds (1979), a concert series at San Francisco's Maritime Hall in 1995 under the Family Dog name, and a 30th Anniversary celebration of the Summer of Love in Golden Gate Park (1997), a free event attended by 60,000 people.

Helms became an accomplished art dealer, selling American and European paintings and sculpture at his Atelier Doré  art gallery on Bush Street in San Francisco, from 1980 until 2004. After suffering a mild stroke he died within days, on June 25, 2005. Helms is memorialized in a "bright niche decorated with photographs and memorabilia" at the Neptune Society Columbarium.

Fundraiser and tribute concert
On July 24, 2005, a fundraiser and tribute concert to Chet was held at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco. The show was organized by Dawn Holliday (Hardly Strictly Bluegrass Festival organizer), Roger McNamee (who put together a collection of posters from major bay area artists) and Pete Sears who was responsible for finding and organizing the musicians. Kathy Peck of the H.E.A.R. foundation organized the online auction. Pete Sears had been talking with Chet while he was sick in the hospital and offered to help get together a benefit to take care of some pressing bills Chet was concerned about. Chet wholeheartedly gave the benefit his blessing. The concert details were well underway and most artists in place when Chet died. They decided to carry on with the fundraiser anyway and turned the concert into a tribute to Chet. The show sold out in just a few days, leaving many lined up outside unable to get in. But the concert obtained its primary goal which was to raise funds to pay off Chet's bills...all money raised was given to Chet's brother John. The concert was highly successful and featured such artists as: T Bone Burnett, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, David Nelson, Country Joe McDonald, Leigh Stephens, Bobby Vega, Joli Valenti & Friends, and the Flying Other Brothers.

Chet Helms Memorial
On October 30, 2005, San Francisco celebrated Helms' life with a free nine-hour Sunday rock concert in Golden Gate Park, named the "Tribal Stomp" attended by tens of thousands, and featuring a full lineup of bands, including the old core San Francisco rock bands, and others including: The Turtles, Canned Heat, Dan Hicks (singer), the Charlatans, Country Joe McDonald, Barry Melton, Blue Cheer, Jefferson Airplane's Paul Kantner, "It's a Beautiful Day'"s David LaFlamme, Quicksilver Gold (derived from Quicksilver Messenger Service), Lee Michaels, Lydia Pense Cold Blood, Pete Sears, Nick Gravenites (Electric Flag), Harvey Mandel, Jorge Santana, Narada Michael Walden, Merl Saunders, Moby Grape Jerry Miller, and Wavy Gravy (from Ken Kesey's "Merry Pranksters" fame).

title: Chet Helms


text:
March Against Fear

The March Against Fear was a major 1966 demonstration in the Civil Rights Movement in the South. Activist James Meredith launched the event on June 5, 1966, intending to make a solitary walk from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi via the Mississippi Delta, starting at Memphis's Peabody Hotel and proceeding to the Mississippi state line, then continuing through, respectively, the Mississippi cities of Hernando, Grenada, Greenwood, Indianola, Belzoni, Yazoo City, and Canton before arriving at Jackson's City Hall. The total distance marched was approximately 270 miles over a period of 21 days. The goal was to counter the continuing racism in the Mississippi Delta after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the previous two years and to encourage African Americans in the state to register to vote. He invited only individual black men to join him and did not want it to be a large media event dominated by major civil rights organizations.

On the second day of his walk, June 6, 1966, Meredith was shot and wounded by James Aubrey Norvell, a white sniper, and was hospitalized for treatment. Thornton Davi Johnson suggests that Meredith was a target for such rituals of attack because he had made highly publicized challenges to Mississippi's racial order, and had framed his walk as a confident repudiation of custom.

Major civil rights organizations rallied to the cause, vowing to carry on the march in Meredith's name through the Mississippi Delta and to the state capital. The state committed to protecting the marchers. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) took part, with Deacons for Defense and Justice from Louisiana providing armed protection. The different groups and leaders struggled over tactics and goals, but also cooperated in community organizing and voter registration. They registered more than 4,000 African Americans for voting in counties along the way. Some people marched for a short time, others stayed through all the events; some national leaders took part in intermittent fashion, as they already had commitments in other cities. In addition, labor leader Walter Reuther, along with his wife May, had traveled from Chicago to march and brought 10 buses full of union supporters.

During the latter days of the march, Stokely Carmichael, the new chairman of SNCC, introduced the idea of Black Power to a broad audience. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. participated and continued to attract admiring crowds; his leadership and reputation brought numerous people out to see him, inspiring some to join the march. As the march headed south, the number of participants grew. Finally, an estimated 15,000 mostly black marchers entered the capital of Jackson on June 26, making it the largest civil rights march in the history of the state. The march served as a catalyst for continued community organizing and political growth over the following years among African Americans in the state. They have maintained a high rate of voting and participation in politics since then.

History
Disappointed by the slow pace of change following passage of civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965, James Meredith, noted for being the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi, decided to make a solo 'March Against Fear' from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi, the state capital. He wanted to highlight continuing racial oppression in the Mississippi Delta, the heart of the black population in the state, during the 220-mile journey. Meredith wanted only black men on the march, and did not want a major media event featuring white participants.

On the second day of the march, a white sniper, later identified as James Aubrey Norvell, stepped out of a wooded area next to the road, shouted, "I only want Meredith", and shot Meredith three times with a 16-gauge shotgun loaded with birdshot shells. Meredith was wounded and fell to the road. People rushed to get an ambulance and took him to the hospital. Although he was not severely injured, Meredith was unable to continue the march as planned as he was hospitalized in Memphis to recover from his injuries. Norvell was later apprehended in Desoto County; he confessed to shooting Meredith and was sentenced the same day for five years in prison.

When they learned of the shooting, other civil rights leaders, including SCLC's Martin Luther King Jr., Allen Johnson, SNCC's Stokely Carmichael, Cleveland Sellers and Floyd McKissick, and Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), as well as the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) and other civil rights organizations, decided to continue the march in Meredith's name. The NAACP were originally involved but Roy Wilkins pulled out on learning that the armed Deacons for Defense and Justice were going to be protecting the march. Ordinary people, both black and white, came from across the South and all parts of the country to participate. The marchers slept on the ground outside or in large tents, and were fed mainly by local black communities. A press truck preceded them and the march was covered by national media. Along the way, members of the different civil rights groups argued and collaborated, struggling to achieve their sometimes overlapping and differing goals.

SNCC and MFDP worked to expand community organizing and achieve voter registration by reaching out to the black communities in the Delta. In most places, few blacks had registered to vote since passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, as they were still oppressed by fear and social and economic intimidation in the Jim Crow society. Along the way, the different civil rights groups struggled to reconcile their goals and to enhance the meaning of the march to promote black freedoms. It grew slowly and was embraced by black communities along the way, and by some sympathetic whites. Other whites expressed hostility, jeering and threatening, driving close to marchers. Although overt violence was generally limited, marchers from out of state were shocked and horrified by the virulence of hate expressed in some communities, particularly Philadelphia, where three civil rights workers had been murdered in 1964 and Canton.

Governor Paul Johnson, Jr. of Mississippi vowed to protect the marchers if they obeyed the law, but relations between the Highway State Police and marchers were sometimes tense. In some localities, mayors and local officials worked to keep relations peaceful. Local black communities and their churches provided food, housing and places of rest to marchers. They generally camped along the way, after returning to Memphis at the end of the first days.

On the early evening of Thursday, June 16, 1966, when the marchers arrived in Greenwood, Mississippi, and tried to set up camp at Stone Street Negro Elementary School, Carmichael was arrested for trespassing on public property. He was held for several hours by police before rejoining the marchers at a local park, where they had set up camp and were beginning a night-time rally. According to civil rights historian David Garrow, an angry Carmichael took the speaker's platform, delivering his famous "Black Power" speech, arguing that blacks had to build their own political and economic power to attain independence. He used this opportunity to gain a national audience through the media to hear his speech.

King, who had flown to Chicago on Wednesday to help organize the Open Housing Movement marches in the city, returned to Mississippi on Friday. He found that some of the Civil Rights Movements' internal divisions between the old guard and new guard had gone public. Marchers called out SNCC's "Black Power" slogan, as well as SCLC's "Freedom Now!"

In Canton, Mississippi, on June 23, after marchers tried to erect tents on the grounds of McNeal Elementary School, they were pressed and tear-gassed by the Mississippi Highway Patrol, which was joined by other police agencies. This contradicted the governor's commitment to protect them. Leaders felt the violence took place because President Lyndon B. Johnson had not offered federal forces to protect them following the violence in Philadelphia. Before that, while relations were often tense, the police had mostly respected the marchers. Several marchers were wounded in the Canton attack, one severely. Human Rights Medical Committee members conducted a house-to-house search that night looking for wounded marchers. The marchers sought refuge at Holy Child Jesus Catholic mission. There the Franciscan sisters extended their help and hospitality to the marchers, especially to the wounded. The following night the marchers returned to stay on the grounds of McNeal School without incident, as they did not attempt to erect tents.

After a short hospital treatment, Meredith was released. He planned to rejoin the march, then withdrew for a time, as he had not intended it to be such a large media event. He rejoined the March on June 25, the day before it arrived in Jackson and walked in the front line next to Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders.

The march stopped at Tougaloo College, a historically black college, before entering Jackson. Marchers could rest and get food and showers. Many more people joined the march at that point; national leaders returned to it from commitments in other parts of the country. The growing crowd was entertained by James Brown, Dick Gregory, Sammy Davis Jr., Burt Lancaster and Marlon Brando.

The next day, June 26, marchers entered the city of Jackson from several different streams and were estimated to number 15,000 strong, the largest civil rights march in Mississippi history. They were warmly welcomed in the black neighborhoods and by some whites. However, many whites jeered and threatened the marchers; others simply stayed indoors. The Highway Police and other forces were out in number, as the city and state had vowed to protect the marchers after the attacks in Philadelphia and Canton. As a result of negotiations with authorities, the marchers gathered at the back of the state capitol to hear speeches, sing protest and celebration songs, and celebrate their achievements.

In total, the march expressed "both the depths of black grievances and the height of black possibilities," and it had to do with "oppressed people controlling their own destiny."

Legacy and honors

 * The march "defied Jim Crow's culture of intimidation" by the very act of blacks asserting themselves through the different communities, celebrating their identities, and organizing.
 * In the counties along the route, 4,077 African Americans registered to vote, many for the first time. Federal examiners registered 1,422 and county clerks did the rest.
 * Later black veterans of the Mississippi Movement noted that the march had longstanding political and cultural effects, serving to galvanize community organizing among blacks in the state.
 * In 1967 Jack R. Thornell won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Photography for his photograph of James Meredith struggling on the road in Mississippi after being shot.

title: March Against Fear


text:
Bicas

Bicas is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. its population is estimated to be 14,554 inhabitants.

History
Initially a breakpoint for salesmen in the 18th century, Bicas obtained its independence from the city of Guarará in 1923. It was an attraction point for Italian immigrants and other nationalities.

Until the 1970s, Bicas had a full-working train station and an active RFFSA (the extinct state railroad company) branch for repairing wagons. All this structure was dismantled and today the train station exists only as a historic site. Currently, Bicas has an economy based on commerce, agriculture and farming.

Annual Farming Expositions, with bull-riding and rodeos, cattle commerce and local products - typically in the last week of July of every year - are a tradition of several cities in Zona da Mata, and the Farming Exposition of Bicas is one of the most famous, attracting thousands of tourists from several parts of the country.

Notable people

 * Danilo Football player

title: Bicas


text:
Talk:Commerce raiding

Untitled
All major powers do commerce raiding. However, most of the time, they are so successful (for example, Britain in WWI) that all commerce with the lesser power ends almost immediately. World War II in the Pacific was an exeception due to the extreme supply lines.

 * Not sure I entirely agree with that. Britain in WWI ( and the Union in the American civil war ) imposed a blockade on Germany. German shipping which approached the blockade could be seized ( not in theory sunk on sight ) and neutral ships could be searched for contraband. Since this is legal in international law it is not commerce raiding, but the difference is small and POV. 145.253.108.22 13:12, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

When did the change occur between capturing merchant ships and sinking them? Capture was the rule in the early 1800's, and seemed to continue during the American Civil War, but during the world wars merchants started getting sunk instead. It would be great if this could be worked into the article. Therealhazel 09:02, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Forwarding
Could we forward from guerre de course? That's what I looked this up under and came up with nothing. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cpt ricard (talk • contribs) 02:30, 5 February 2007 (UTC).

Steel crazy
I deleted "(the US Navy commenced steel construction in 1883)" as too U.S.-centric. Trekphiler 04:39, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Mahan's view
"Commerce raiding was heavily criticised by the naval theorist A.T. Mahan, who regarded it as a distraction from the destruction of the enemy's fighting power."

Coming in the introductory section in particular, I find this to be deeply misleading. To quote from The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783, "...this commerce destroying, to use our own phrase, must, if in itself successful, greatly embarrass the foreign government and distress its people. Such a war, however, cannot stand alone; it must be supported, to use the military phrase; unsubstantial and evanescent in itself, it cannot reach far from its base.... Failing such support, the cruiser can only dash out hurriedly a short distance from home, and its blows, though painful, cannot be fatal." Chapter II - Section: "Military value of commerce destroying"; Emphasis in original.

As the above quote shows, greatly supported throughout his book, Mahan believed commerce raiding to be an incredibly effective tool. However, it needed the support of a powerful navy to be sustained and ultimately fatal to an enemy's interest. Thus, "commerce raiding was heavily criticised by ... Mahan" is deeply misleading, and is a very common (and oft-repeated uncritically) misperception. Perhaps "commerce raiding as the sole naval policy of a nation was heavily criticised by Mahan as ultimately indecisive in warfare" would be a better way of putting it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.218.154.17 (talk) 17:22, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Commerce raiding