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National Technical University of Athens

The National (Metsovian) Technical University of Athens (NTUA; Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο, National Metsovian Polytechnic), sometimes known as Athens Polytechnic, is among the oldest higher education institutions of Greece and the most prestigious among engineering schools. It is named Metsovio(n) in honor of its benefactors Nikolaos Stournaris, Eleni Tositsa, Michail Tositsas and Georgios Averoff, whose origin is from the town of Metsovo in Epirus.

It was founded in 1837 as a part-time vocational school named Royal School of Arts which, as its role in the technical development of the fledgling state grew, developed into Greece's sole institution providing engineering degrees up until the 1950s, when polytechnics were established outside Athens. Its traditional campus, located in the center of Athens on Patission Avenue on a site donated by Eleni Tositsa, features a suite of magnificent neoclassical buildings by architect Lysandros Kaftantzoglou (1811–1885). A new campus, the Zografou Campus, was built in the 1980s.

NTUA is divided into nine academic schools, eight being for the engineering disciplines, including architecture, and one for applied sciences (mathematics and physics). Undergraduate studies have a duration of five years.

Admission to NTUA is highly selective and can only be accomplished through achieving exceptional grades in the annual Panhellenic Exams. It is a widely spread perception that the vast majority of each year's Panhellenic Exams top students interested in the sciences and technology opts to attend NTUA

The university comprises about 700 of academic staff, 140 scientific assistants and 260 administrative and technical staff. It also has about 8,500 undergraduates and about 1,500 postgraduate students. Eight of the NTUA's Schools are housed at the Zografou Campus, while the School of Architecture is based at the Patission Complex.

History
NTUA was established by royal decree on December 31, 1836 (OS), January 21, 1837 (NS), under the name "Royal School of Arts" (Βασιλικό Σχολείο των Τεχνών). It began functioning as a part-time vocational school (only Sundays and holidays) to train craftsmen, builders and master craftsmen to cover the needs of the new Greek state. In 1840, due to its increasing popularity and the changing socio-economic conditions in the new state, NTUA was upgraded to a full time technical school which worked alongside the Sunday school. Courses were expanded and the institution was housed in its own building on Pireos Street.

The restructuring
In 1843 a major restructuring was made. Three departments were created:

 * Part-Time Vocational School
 * Daily School
 * A new Higher School of Fine Arts

The new department's object was fine arts and engineering. The new department, which was later renamed School of Industrial and Fine Arts, rapidly evolved towards a major higher education institution. Tradition has it that arts referred to both technical professions and fine arts. Even today, the school maintains a school of architecture that is closely related to the School of Fine Arts, which later evolved to become a separate school.

The name Polytechnnic came in 1862, with the introduction of several new technical courses. This restructuring continued steadily until 1873. At the time, the school became overwhelmed by the plethora of students wishing to learn higher technical skills. This led to its move to a new campus.

The relocation

In 1873 it moved to its new campus in Patission Street and was known as Metsovion Polytechnion (Metsovian Polytechnic) after the birthplace of the benefactors who financed construction of this campus. Though the Patission Street campus was incomplete at the time, rising student demand made it urgent to relocate.

In 1887, the institution was partitioned into three technical schools: Structural Engineering, Architecture and Mechanical Engineering — all four-year degrees at the time. It was at this point that the institute was recognized as a technical education facility by the state — a crucial step in its development — as it became adapted to the nation’s developmental needs.

In 1914, new schools were created and was officially named Ethnicon Metsovion Polytechnion (National Metsovian Polytechnic) went under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Works. This is when new technical schools started to be formed, a process that was completed three years later, in 1917, when the NTUA changed form. By special law, the old School of Industrial Arts was now separated into the Higher Schools of Civil Engineering, Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Surveying Engineering and Architecture. Later, the schools of Naval Engineering, and Mining and Metallurgical Engineering were formed, and the school of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering was split up into two separate schools, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, which is almost the form of schools maintained until now.

In 1923, the NTUA alumni formed the core of the Technical Chamber of Greece, the professional organization that serves as the official technical adviser of the Greek state and is responsible for awarding professional licenses to all practicing engineers in Greece.

In 1930, the Athens School of Fine Arts was established, acquiring its independence from the NTUA, as a school exclusively focused in the teaching the fine arts. This allowed the two schools to develop separately as a technical and an arts school respectively.

In 1941 to 1944, the National Technical University of Athens played an important role in the country's political life with the Greek students participating in the National Resistance under the German occupation. During the Axis occupation of Greece, NTUA, in addition to its function as an academic institution, became one of the most active resistance centers in Athens.

The uprising
The most important event of NTUA's history is the Athens Polytechnic uprising on November 17, 1973, which was the first step to overthrow Greece's military dictatorship. On 14, 15 and 16 of November 1973, the students were barricaded inside the institute, and started broadcasting a pirate radio transmission, calling the people of Athens to rebel. In the evening of November 17 however, an AMX-30 class military tank broke the main gate and charged inside, after receiving orders from the dictators. About 23 people were killed in the following events and the uprising ended. The junta however, was irreparably damaged by the popular outcry. The junta fell in 1974, after the Turkish invasion in Cyprus and since then, November 17 is celebrated as a day of freedom and democracy. All schools and universities of the country remain closed on that day.

Emblem
The emblem of the National Technical University of Athens is Prometheus.

Schools
The National Technical University of Athens is divided into nine academic schools (σχολές), which are furthermore divided into 33 departments (Greek: τομείς):

 * School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences (Founding 1999) (http://semfe.ntua.gr/en/)
 * School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Founding 1975) (https://www.ece.ntua.gr/en)
 * School of Civil Engineering (Founding 1887) (http://www.civil.ntua.gr/)
 * School of Mechanical Engineering (Founding 1982) (http://www.mech.ntua.gr/en/)
 * School of Architecture (Founding 1917) (http://www.arch.ntua.gr/?lang=en)
 * School of Chemical Engineering (Founding 1917) (https://www.chemeng.ntua.gr/_en)
 * School of Rural, Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering (Founding 1917) (https://www.survey.ntua.gr/en/)
 * School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering (Founding 1946) (http://eng.metal.ntua.gr/)
 * School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (Founding 1969) (http://www.naval.ntua.gr/)
 * School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 * Department of Mathematics
 * Department of Physics
 * Department of Mechanics
 * Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
 * School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
 * Department of Signals, Controls and Robotics
 * Department of Computer Science
 * Department of Εlectric Power
 * Department of Electromagnetics, Electrooptics and Electronic Materials
 * Department of Industrial Electric Devices and Decision Systems
 * Department of Communications, Electronics and Information Systems
 * Department of Information Transmission Systems and Material Technology
 * School of Civil Engineering
 * Department of Structural Engineering
 * Department of Water Resources, Hydraulic and Maritime Engineering
 * Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering
 * Department of Geotechnical Engineering
 * Department of Engineering Construction and Management
 * School of Mechanical Engineering
 * Department of Fluid Mechanics Engineering
 * Department of Thermal Engineering
 * Department of Nuclear Engineering
 * Department of Mechanical Constructions and Automatic Control
 * Department of Manufacturing Technology
 * Department of Industrial Management and Operational Research
 * School of Architecture
 * Department of Architectural Design
 * Department of Urban and Regional Planning
 * Department of Interior Design and Landscaping
 * Department of Building Technology-Structural Design and Mechanical Equipment
 * School of Chemical Engineering
 * Department of Chemical Sciences
 * Department of Process and Systems Analysis, Design and Development
 * Department of Materials Science and Engineering
 * Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes
 * School of Rural, Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering
 * Department of Topography
 * Department of Geography and Regional Planning
 * Department of Infrastructure and Rural Development
 * School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering
 * Department of Geological Sciences
 * Department of Mining Engineering
 * Department of Metallurgy and Materials Technology
 * School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
 * Department of Ship Design & Maritime Transport
 * Department of Ship Hydrodynamics
 * Department of Marine Engineering
 * Department of Marine Structures

Undergraduate studies
The academic calendar of NTUA comprises 10 independent, integral academic semesters. Each semester lasts 18 weeks: 13 weeks of classes, a two-week break (Christmas and Easter holidays for the fall and spring semester respectively), and three weeks of semester exams. The tenth semester is devoted to the preparation of the diploma thesis. The diploma thesis has to be related to one of the courses of the faculty. The student has at his or her disposal at least a full academic semester to prepare the thesis. Upon completion of the thesis, the student must take part in an oral examination that can take place either in June, October or February, after the final examinations, provided that the student has passed all courses prescribed by the curriculum.

An important part of the studies in NTUA are the summer "training" projects which take place in Industrial and Production Units, in the period between the end of the spring semester and the beginning of the fall semester. They constitute an elective course for the Faculties of Civil Engineering, Survey Engineering (Surveying and Geodesy Camp) and Mining and Metallurgy Engineering (Mining Camp) and are partially subsidized by the European Union.

Postgraduate studies
There are currently 20 departmental or inter-departmental postgraduate courses, coordinated by NTUA Departments, leading to the respective Post Graduate Specialization Diploma, with a minimum duration of 17 months, including one in Business Administration (in collaboration with the Athens University of Economics and Business). Moreover, NTUA participates in nine post-graduate programs coordinated by other Greek Universities. After the acquisition of the Post Graduate Specialization Diploma, the student can proceed towards submitting a doctoral thesis.

Academic evaluation
An external evaluation of all academic departments in Greek universities will be conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQAA) in the following years.

 * School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (2012)
 * School of Mechanical Engineering (2012)
 * School of Civil Engineering (2013)
 * School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (2013)
 * School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering (2013)
 * School of Chemical Engineering (2013)
 * School of Applied Mathematical & Physical Science (2013)
 * School of Rural and Surveying Engineering (2014)
 * School of Architecture (2014)

Research and innovation
NTUA boasts high research activity, as research and education are both its goals. Research is managed by administrative and education personnel, but can be conducted by graduate and sometimes undergraduate students as well. Research is administered by five separate offices:
 * 1) The Special Accounting for Research Office (ΕΛΚΕ)
 * 2) The Liaison Office
 * 3) The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit
 * 4) The Internship Programme
 * 5) The Office of Researchers
 * 6) The Interdisciplinary Research Center
 * 7) The Interdisciplinary Unit for Reusable Energy

Research is funded by the NTUA endowment, or often directly through public or private funds.

Ranking
The National Technical university of Athens is ranked 338th in the world, 116th in the European Union and third in Greece by the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities website. NTUA was ranked between 551 and 600 by the QS World University Rankings in 2012, with the corresponding faculty area ranks being 152nd for Engineering & Technology and 352nd for Natural Sciences respectively. The 2012 performance ranking of scientific papers for world universities released by the National Taiwan University (NTU Ranking) ranked NTUA as excellent. NTUA has the highest citation impact score (0.88) among the Greek universities, based on a ranking prepared by the Directorate General for Science and Research of the European Commission in 2003 (updated 2004) that was compiled as part of the Third European Report on Science & Technology Indicators.

Patission Complex
The Averof building is one of the most important and elegant buildings of the Athenian Neoclassical period located in the center of Athens and the most important work of architect Lysandros Kaftanzoglou. It constitutes also one of the most important creations of European Neoclassicism, directly influenced in its design by the monuments of the Athenian Acropolis. Its construction began in 1862 and ended in 1878. After its completion, the building was in continuous use for more than 125 years during which it suffered from several additions and alterations. The main building has housed at times the National Gallery and various exhibitions of Schliemann's archaeological findings and relics of the 1821 Greek revolution.

The Averof building reached a deteriorating state and was eventually in great need of restoration and modernization in order to continue operating as an educational establishment. The aim of the conservation project, namely for the Averof to be used again as an educational building, was successfully achieved after the building became operative in the beginning of 2010 and won the grand prize of Europa Nostra in 2012.

Zografou Campus
The main campus is located in the Zografou area of the Athens metropolitan area, housing all the schools of NTUA except architecture, which remains in its traditional location on the Patission Avenue for historical reasons. The main campus spreads over an area of about 190 acres, 6 km from the center of Athens. It includes buildings of 65 acres with fully equipped lecture theaters, laboratories, libraries, gyms, a central library, a computer center and a medical center.

The School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences is housed in the center of the campus. Right next to it is the Mining and Metallurgical Engineering School. The Civil Engineering School and the Rural and Surveying Engineering School are both housed on the south-west near the Zografou Gate. Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Naval Engineering, and the new Electrical Engineering School are all housed near the middle of the campus, while the old electrical engineering buildings remain on the north-east.

Transportation
There are in-campus roads making all buildings accessible by bicycle and car. There are also various internal buses that allow for transportation within the facilities, driving around the perimeter of the campus and through eight different bus stops. The campus is accessible through three main gates: the Katechaki and Kokkinopoulou Gates on the north, and the Zografou Gate on the west. There are 2,000 dedicated parking spots scattered throughout the campus, most nearby all major buildings. The campus resides near the metro station of Katechaki, which makes it accessible within minutes from any area of Athens. Furthermore, six different buses are available for transportation from various city locations to the campus: the 608 from Galatsi, 230 from Acropolis, 242 from the Katechaki Metro station and 140 from Glifada.

Central Library
On the campus lies the NTUA Central Library, which has operated since 1914, and was the first library in Greece with a complete index. Today, it remains one of the largest technical libraries in the country, featuring a collection of over 215,000 books and 100,000 scientific issues. The library is available to the public at all times for studying, and available to students, faculty, and internal and external researchers for borrowing.

The central library building at Zografou campus houses also the historical library of NTUA as a special collection. This scientific-technical library is unique in Greece, and one of the most important in Europe, since it contains approximately 60,000 volumes and periodicals (1,096 titles) issued from the 17th century until 1950. The main bulk of NTUA's historical collection consists of old and rare books, pamphlets, maps, engravings and encyclopedias.

Lavrion Technological and Cultural Park (LTCP)
Lavrion Technological and Cultural Park (LTCP), is a body of scientific research, education, business and culture. Founded in place of the old French Mining Company of Lavrion (Compagnie Francaise des Mines du Laurium) in 1992, as a result of the initiative undertaken from the National Technical University of Athens.

LTCP aims at linking scientific and technological research conducted in Athens with the needs and interests of the business world, and to the realization of cultural events related to the promotion of the history and culture of the wider area of Lavreotiki, and the emergence of the history of activities in the past had developed in the maintenance of premises. The LTCP area is a unique monument of industrial architecture and archeology and placed him in a series of housing facilities for business and research excellence.

The services provided by LTCP as well as its renovated facilities, continue to support research, education and technology. Today, LTCP is essentially the only technology park in Attica, which specializes in areas – keys of modern applied technology, such as information technology, electronics technology, telecommunications, robotics, technology laser, environmental technology, energy, shipbuilding, marine technology, etc.

Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (MIRC)
The Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (MIRC) of the National Technical University of Athens for the Protection and Development of Mountainous Environment and Local European Cultures was founded in 1993 by decision of the National Technical University of Athens Senate, following the proposal of the then Rector professor Nikos Markatos.

The principal aim of MIRC is to contribute to the protection and development of mountainous environment and local European cultures and the provision of continuing education. As well as, the conduct of research, studies, seminars and conferences, relevant to the broader object of MIRC, the creation of a European network with related organizations under the aegis of the center or the participation in already existing networks. The above will be utilized by universities, cultural, research and productive organizations with the aim of assisting Metsovon in becoming a European center of decentralized interdisciplinary, educational, research, technological and cultural activities of NTUA.

Music Department
The NTUA Music Department was established in 1960 by Chancellor Alexander Pappas. The first president of the music department was composer Vassilis Makridis. It features a mixed choir, a string orchestra, and free lessons for various instruments, among others piano, guitar, bouzouki, and cello. The music department groups regularly perform publicly within the facilities of the university, but also elsewhere. At the moment, the department's president is conductor and composer Michalis Economou.

Dancing Department
The Dancing Department was established in 1990. It is formed by students, and it features various groups, including a Greek traditional and Cretan folk dances group, a European and Latin Ballroom dances group, a Salsa and a tango group. The groups meets weekly, and perform regularly inside and outside the facilities of the university. Attendance and dancing lessons are free for undergraduate and graduate students, alumni, faculty and even people not related to the university. The dancing department is housed near the center of the main campus.

Theatrical Group
The Theatrical Group was established in 1991. It is a self-managed group, which teaches the art of performance and often performs in public. Participation in the group is free for students. The theatrical group is housed near the center of the main campus. The theatrical group has also organized a separate percussion lessons group.

Sports
The main sports facilities of NTUA are housed in the Sports Center located to the south of the campus, taking up about 3,500 square meters. The campus sport facilities feature tennis and soccer courts, a field and track, a sauna, ping pong tables, and more. More than 40 sport teams exist, and the sports practiced include aerobics, yoga, Pilates, basketball, volleyball, soccer, handball, ping pong, tennis, martial arts inside the campus facilities and swimming, polo, rowing, yachting, rappelling, rafting, squash, wind surfing, and equestrianism outside.

Each year several inter-departmental championships are organized among the teams of the university faculties. NTUA student's teams have been distinguished and received many awards in Panhellenic University Games, as well as in university games abroad.

Open source
There is an open source students group whose purpose is to promote the use of open source software throughout the university and beyond. Furthermore, NTUA officially supports open source software by using it in its laboratories and other facilities, but also hosting mirrors for all major open source projects with a collection of over 2.5 terabytes of free and open source software.

Foreign languages
English, French, German and Italian are the four languages taught in NTUA. All non-exchange students have to choose one from those as a mandatory foreign language course. For foreign students, the NTUA Linguistic Service offers the option of attending Greek courses during the entire academic year, free of charge. These courses are intended to provide students with the basic linguistic tools, so that they can understand and communicate efficiently with people in Greece.

Participation in international organizations

 * CESAER – Conference of European Schools for advanced Engineering, Education and Research
 * EEGECS – Network on European Education in Geodetic Engineering, Cartography and Surveying
 * SEFI – Societe Europeene pour la Formation des Ingenieurs (European Society for Engineering Education)
 * TIME – Top Industrial Managers Europe

Student unions

 * NTUA Students' Formula Team
 * Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, NTUA
 * Athens Local BEST Group
 * Electrical Engineering STudent's European Association Local Committee of Athens (EESTEC)
 * Euroavia Athens, NTUA
 * International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience (IAESTE)
 * American Institute of Chemical Engineers Student Chapter (AIChE)

Notable alumni

 * Nicholas Ambraseys – professor of engineering seismology at Imperial College London
 * Dimitris Anastassiou – developer of MPEG-2 algorithm for transmitting high quality audio and video over limited bandwidth and Columbia University professor of electrical engineering
 * Dora E. Angelaki – professor of Neuroscience in the New York University Tandon School of Engineering
 * John Argyris – one of the founders of the finite element method, professor at Imperial College London and University of Stuttgart
 * Costas Azariadis – professor at the Department of Economics, UCLA and Edward Mallinckrodt Distinguished University professor in Arts & Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
 * Dimitri Bertsekas – professor of engineering at MIT
 * Dimitris Bertsimas – professor in the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Charalambos Bouras – historian, professor of History of Architecture and restoration architect
 * Georges Candilis – architect and urbanist, one of the founders of Team 10
 * Giorgio de Chirico – Greek-born Italian artist and writer
 * Constantine Dafermos – applied mathematician, professor at Brown University and recipient of Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics
 * Constantinos Daskalakis – computer scientist, professor at MIT
 * Athos Dimoulas – poet
 * Eleftherios N. Economou – professor of Physics, former Chairman of the
 * Despo C. Fatta-Kassinos – environmental engineer, professor at University of Cyprus
 * Georgios Gennimatas – former MP, minister and founding member of Panhellenic Socialist Movement
 * Georgios B. Giannakis – computer scientist, engineer and inventor, professor of Wireless Telecommunications at the University of Minnesota
 * John Iliopoulos – the first person to present the Standard Model of particle physics in a single report, recipient of the Dirac Medal
 * Paris Kanellakis – computer scientist, professor at Brown University
 * Linda P. B. Katehi – Chancellor of UC Davis
 * Alexander S. Kechris – mathematician, professor at Caltech
 * Loukianos Kilaidonis – composer, songwriter and singer
 * Emmanouil Korres – professor, writer, restoration architect
 * Georgios Lianis – professor and first Minister of Research and Technology (1982)
 * Nikos Markatos – former Rector of the NTUA
 * Dimitra Markovitsi – Photochemist, former President of the European Photochemistry Association
 * Max Nikias – former President of the University of Southern California
 * Constantine Papadakis – former president of Drexel University
 * Christos Papadimitriou – computer scientist, laureate of the 2002 Knuth Prize for longstanding and seminal contributions to the foundations of computer science
 * Panos Papalambros – professor emeritus of mechanical engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
 * Yannis Papathanasiou – politician, former Minister for Economy and Finance of Greece
 * Athanasios Papoulis – engineer and applied mathematician
 * Theodosios Pavlidis – computer scientist and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the State University of New York, Stony Brook
 * Nicholas A. Peppas – professor in engineering, University of Texas at Austin
 * Aris Phillips – professor of mechanical engineering at Yale University
 * Dimitris Pikionis – architect and painter
 * George Prokopiou – billionaire shipowner
 * Athanasios Roussopoulos – professor in applied statics and iron constructions at the National Technical University of Athens, where his work was mostly concerned with the development of the theory of aseismic structures, politician, member of the Greek Parliament and Minister of Public Works in 1966, he was also president of the Technical Chamber of Greece
 * Joseph Sifakis – computer scientist, laureate of the 2007 Turing Award for his work on model checking.
 * John Travlos – architect, architectural historian, and archaeologist
 * Michael Triantafyllou – professor of mechanical and ocean engineering at MIT
 * Alexandros Tombazis – architect
 * Alexis Tsipras – former Prime Minister of Greece
 * Ioannis Vardoulakis – professor of civil engineering at University of Minnesota and at NTUA, a pioneer of theoretical and experimental geomechanics
 * Iannis Xenakis – one of the most important post-war avant-garde composers, pioneer of the use of mathematical models in music and architect
 * Mihalis Yannakakis – computer scientist, laureate of the 2005 Knuth Prize for numerous ground-breaking contributions to theoretical computer science
 * Thaleia Zariphopoulou – mathematician, professor of Finance at the University of Texas at Austin
 * Mihail Zervos – professor of financial mathematics at London School of Economics

title: National Technical University of Athens


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title: Category:14 deaths


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Peter Conradi

Peter Conradi is a British author and journalist who is the Europe Editor of The Sunday Times of London.

Biography
Conradi is the author of The Red Ripper: Inside the Mind of Russia's Most Brutal Serial Killer (about Andrei Chikatilo); Mad Vlad: Vladimir Zhirinovsky and the New Russian Nationalism (about Vladimir Zhirinovsky) and Hitler's Piano Player (about Ernst Hanfstaengl a.k.a. Putzi). The Independent called Hitler's Piano Player "an exemplary piece of biographical writing".

He is co-author with Mark Logue of the best-selling book The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy, which tells the story of the friendship between King George VI and his Australian speech therapist, Lionel Logue, that inspired the highly acclaimed film of the same name. He is also author of Royale Europe, a book about Europe's reigning royal families, which was published initially in French in May 2011.

A graduate of the University of Oxford (Brasenose College), Conradi also studied at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He was a foreign correspondent based in Brussels, Zurich, and Moscow, and became deputy foreign editor of The Sunday Times of London in 1998. He was appointed editor of Home, the newspaper's property supplement, in April 2006 and subsequently Focus editor. He was appointed as the newspaper's foreign editor, succeeding Sean Ryan, in July 2013. In September 2018 he was named European editor for the Sunday Times and Times.

His book about politics between Russia and the United States, Who Lost Russia?, was described by Owen Matthews in the Literary Review as 'fast-paced, comprehensive, solidly researched and, most importantly, essential reading for anyone who wants to understand one of the great crises of our times.'

He has three children and lives in Paris.

title: Peter Conradi


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John Thomson (comedian)

John Patrick Thomson (born Patrick Francis McAleer; 2 April 1969) is an English comedian, narrator and actor best known for his roles in The Fast Show, Men Behaving Badly, Cold Feet, 24 Hour Party People, The Brothers Grimsby and Coronation Street.

Early life
Thomson was born in 1969 in Walkden, Worsley, Lancashire, to Mary McAleer, who gave him up for adoption six weeks later. He was adopted from the Catholic Children's Rescue Society by Andrew and Marita Thomson, a businessman and a bookseller from Didsbury. He has one younger brother, Ben (born to his adoptive parents). He attended All Hallows Catholic High School near Preston, Lancashire, leaving with three O-levels. He then attended Runshaw College between 1985 and 1987, studying for four A-levels, including theatre studies. He was described as "clearly [having] a talent for comedy".

Following this, he turned down a scholarship in America, to study drama at Manchester Polytechnic instead.

Comedy and television
While at university, Thomson met Steve Coogan, who secured him a job on Spitting Image. They continued to collaborate on such programmes as The Dead Good Show, a 1993 Granada TV pilot also starring Caroline Aherne, Coogan's Run, the Paul and Pauline Calf video diaries (in which he played Fat Bob) and Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge, for which he also wrote. He also appeared in Coogan's live shows as compère Bernard Righton and the two would be reunited in the 2002 film 24 Hour Party People. The two won the Perrier Comedy Award in 1992 for their act at the Edinburgh Fringe.

Thomson also played supporting roles in the first series of the Stewart Lee and Richard Herring vehicle, Fist of Fun.

In 1994 Thomson appeared in the BBC sketch series The Fast Show, remaining with it until it ended in 2001. Thomson played memorable characters such as Chip Cobb, the deaf stuntman, and Roger the Nouveau football fan, but it is as "Jazz Club" host Louis Balfour that he is most remembered, with the catchphrase, "Nice!" He also appeared in The Fast Show Live and the spin-off Ted and Ralph.

In 1996 he appeared opposite Maureen Lipman as Bob Acres in The Rivals at the Royal Exchange, Manchester.

He made guest appearances on various series such as Coronation Street, Soldier Soldier and Men Behaving Badly in the 1990s before being cast as Pete Gifford in the ITV comedy drama Cold Feet. Thomson was known to the producers, who had previously cast him in a one-off drama called The Perfect Match. A series was commissioned that ran until 2003 and earned him a nomination for Best TV Comedy Actor at the British Comedy Awards 2001. Granada Television filmed a comedy drama called Stan the Man in 2002 in which Thomson starred as Stanley Tully a would-be entrepreneur. Some of the filming was done in south Manchester suburbs.

After Cold Feet wrapped, Thomson appeared in the Royal Exchange's production of Hobson's Choice (helped by his acclaimed performance in The Rivals ). The Independent described his performance as Willie as "an extremely well-judged performance. With the slightest physical gesture and merest facial expression he conveys disbelief, reluctance, panic and finally acceptance of his fate at the hands of manipulative Maggie". His performance led to a Manchester Evening News Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

That same year he participated in the BBC series Comic Relief does Fame Academy, being the fourth "student" to be "expelled". and in 2004, he appeared in the musical drama Blackpool as Tony Corlette.

He has also lent his voice to the revived BBC children's series Bill and Ben and Mr Windfall in Wallace & Gromit in The Curse of the Were-Rabbit. Another television series, New Street Law, about a Manchester chambers, started in 2006. Thomson plays "lovable rogue" barrister Charlie Darling alongside co-star John Hannah. The second series began in January 2007.

In February 2007 he played Sir Alan Prentice, in Kombat Opera Presents... The Applicants, a spoof opera of the BBC series The Apprentice. The programme attracted 700,000 viewers according to unofficial overnights. In March 2007 he appeared as hypnotherapist Ray Bould in the three-part ITV thriller, Mobile. The producers had Thomson lined up for the role of DI Fleming, but he wanted to read for Bould because he "was up against a friend for the same part". Later that year he filmed a guest appearance as Nigel Pearson in a second series episode of Kingdom. He returned as a full-time cast member for the third series.

In October 2008, Thomson filmed a three-episode guest stint on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, playing electrician-cum-children's entertainer Jesse, which aired in December. In January 2009, it was announced that he would reprise the role for six months. Jesse returned to Coronation Street in June, beginning a relationship with Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver). He left 2010, after his contract was not renewed. Later that same year, he portrayed H.V. Kershaw in The Road to Coronation Street, a dramatisation of Coronation Street's development in the 1960s.

In 2011, Thomson joined the cast of the BBC television series Waterloo Road.

Later in 2011, it was announced that Thomson would be appearing next to the original cast (with the exception of Mark Williams) in six online-only episodes of The Fast Show sponsored by lager brand, Foster's due to launch on 10 November 2011.

In 2011, John was a contestant on the ITV celebrity reality series 71 Degrees North.

In 2015 he joined the cast of After Hours as loveable Geoff, reuniting with his old friends Craig Cash and Caroline Aherne, who played his wife Sheila. During filming Thomson was attacked by a swan on set, footage being shown on ITV's This Morning.

Thomson was a contestant in the 2013 series of Celebrity MasterChef. Since 2015, Thomson has starred in The Keith Lemon Sketch Show, playing various characters.

He narrates the Channel 4 series Obsessive Compulsive Cleaners and in September 2015, he became the new narrator of Police Interceptors. He stars in the Sky1 comedy drama After Hours, directed by Craig Cash.

From 2016, Thomson began narrating Channel 5 show Bargain-Loving Brits in the Sun - a show about British expats who have moved to Spain to begin a new life in the sun.

On 18 November 2017, Thomson was a contestant in the reboot of The Weakest Link for Children in Need.

In 2018, Thomson was a contestant in Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit.

In 2019, he's currently a star of the comedy clip show, Zone of Champions.

In 2020, Thomson voiced the character of Dog in the Cbeebies show, Dog Loves Books.

In 2021, Thomson participated on the second series of The Masked Singer, masked as Bush Baby. He finished in 8th place.

In Dec 2022, Thomson landed the role of Abanazar in “Aladdin” starring alongside award-winning Best Dame Morgan Brind in the high-flying action-packed pantomime at Derby Arena.

Radio
In January 2008 he played Mike (Topaz) in the BBC Radio 4 comedy drama series Pick Ups. On 12 April 2008, Thomson began hosting the Saturday lunchtime slot on BBC Radio Manchester. His stint ended on 22 November 2008.

Since 2016, Thomson has been a team captain on the BBC Radio 4 panel show Gaby's Talking Pictures, presented by Gaby Roslin.

From 26 to 29 December 2023, Thomson presented a four part series for Absolute Radio titled 12 Drummers Drumming, which looked into twelve drummers from the worlds of rock, pop, jazz and rhythm and blues.

Personal life
Thomson married longtime girlfriend Samantha Sharp in 2005 and they have two daughters; Olivia (born 2002) and Sophia Melody (born 2010). They divorced in 2015.

Filmography

 * Film

 * Television

title: John Thomson (comedian)


text:
CEN/XFS

CEN/XFS or XFS (extensions for financial services) provides a client-server architecture for financial applications on the Microsoft Windows platform, especially peripheral devices such as EFTPOS terminals and ATMs which are unique to the financial industry. It is an international standard promoted by the European Committee for Standardization (known by the acronym CEN, hence CEN/XFS). The standard is based on the WOSA Extensions for Financial Services or WOSA/XFS developed by Microsoft.

With the move to a more standardized software base, financial institutions have been increasingly interested in the ability to pick and choose the application programs that drive their equipment. XFS provides a common API for accessing and manipulating various financial services devices regardless of the manufacturer.

History
Chronology:
 * 1991 - Microsoft forms "Banking Solutions Vendor Council"
 * 1995 - WOSA/XFS 1.11 released
 * 1997 - WOSA/XFS 2.0 released - additional support for 24 hours-a-day unattended operation
 * 1998 - adopted by European Committee for Standardization as an international standard.
 * 2000 - XFS 3.0 released by CEN
 * 2008 - XFS 3.10 released by CEN
 * 2011 - XFS 3.20 released by CEN
 * 2015 - XFS 3.30 released by CEN
 * 2020 - XFS 3.40 released by CEN
 * 2022 - XFS 3.50 released by CEN

WOSA/XFS changed name to simply XFS when the standard was adopted by the international CEN/ISSS standards body. However, it is most commonly called CEN/XFS by the industry participants.

XFS middleware
While the perceived benefit of XFS is similar to Java's "write once, run anywhere" mantra, often different hardware vendors have different interpretations of the XFS standard. The result of these differences in interpretation means that applications typically use a middleware to even out the differences between various platforms implementation of XFS.

Notable XFS middleware platforms include:
 * F1 Solutions - F1 TPS (multi-vendor ATM & POS solution)
 * Serquo - Dwide (REST API middleware for XFS)
 * Nexus Software LLC - Nexus Evolution
 * Nautilus Hyosung - Nextware
 * Hitachi-Omron Terminal Solutions ATOM
 * Diebold Agilis Power
 * NCR - NCR XFS
 * KAL - KAL Kalignite
 * Auriga - The Banking E-volution- WWS Omnichannel Platform
 * Phoenix Interactive VISTAatm Acquired by Diebold
 * Wincor Nixdorf ProBase (ProBase C as WOSA/XFS platform - ProBase J as J/XFS platform)
 * SBS Software KIXXtension
 * Dynasty Technology Group - (JSI) Jam Service Interface
 * HST Systems & Technologies - HAL Interface
 * FreeXFS- open source XFS platform
 * GRG banking eCAT (multi-vendor ATM terminal solution)
 * TIS xfs.js implementation(open source for node.js community)
 * TEB Orion

XFS test tools
XFS test tools allow testing of XFS applications and middleware on simulated hardware. Some tools include sophisticated automatic regression testing capabilities.

Providers of XFS test tools include:
 * Serquo XFS ATM Simulator Atmirage
 * Serquo ATM Testing, Qarterback Qarterback
 * Serquo XFS Tester
 * Abbrevia Simplicity
 * Paragon VirtualATM Product Page ATM Testing
 * FIS ATM TestLab, Open Test Solutions, Product Brochure (was Clear2Pay, formerly Level Four Software and Lexcel TestSystem ATM)
 * KAL KAL Kalignite Test Utilities
 * Dynasty Technology Group - JSI Simulators
 * HST Systems & Technologies (Brazil)
 * Takkto Technologies (Mexico)
 * LUTZWOLF JDST - Testtool for J/XFS compatibility
 * Afferent Software RapidFire ATM XFS

J/XFS
J/XFS is an alternative API to CEN/XFS (which is Windows specific) and also to Xpeak (which is Operating System independent, based on XML messages). J/XFS is written in Java with the objective to provide a platform agnostic client-server architecture for financial applications, especially peripheral devices used in the financial industry such as EFTPOS terminals and ATMs.

With the move to a more standardized software base, financial institutions have been increasingly interested in the ability to pick and choose the application programs that drive their equipment. J/XFS provides a common Object Oriented API between a pure Java application and a wide range of financial devices, providing a layer of separation between application and device logic that can be implemented using a native J/XFS API or wrapping an existing implementation in JavaPOS or CEN/XFS.

J/XFS was developed by the companies De La Rue, IBM, NCR, Wincor Nixdorf and Sun Microsystems and is now hosted, monitored and maintained by the European Committee for Standardization, CEN.

title: CEN/XFS


text:
WOSA

WOSA (101.1 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Grove City, Ohio, featuring a classical music format known as "Classical 101fm". Owned by Ohio State University, the station serves Columbus, Ohio, and much of the surrounding Columbus metro area, extending its reach into Mansfield, Marion and Southern Ohio with five full-power repeaters. The WOSA studios are located at the Fawcett Center on the Ohio State University campus, while the station transmitter resides off of Borror Road in Lockbourne. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WOSA is available online. It is one of a few non-commercial stations in the United States to broadcast outside of its recommended frequency range (88-92 MHz).

WWCD (1990–2010)
WWCD began broadcasting on August 21, 1990. The first song played on the station was "Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, (Petrol)" by the Dublin, Ireland band Something Happens. The station was long owned by Fun With Radio, LLC., whose founder, Roger Vaughn, purchased the station from Video Services in 1992. WWCD and its successor station, WWCD (102.5 FM), has always been either owned or operated by interests in metro Columbus, and is one of the few remaining independent radio stations in the U.S. playing alternative rock.

WWCD also lays claim to being one of the first stations in the United States to be simulcast and on Internet radio. In a March 2006 Radio & Records list of the top 20 alternative rock radio stations in the United States, WWCD was ranked #4 in the country and #1 east of the Mississippi River.

WWCD's longtime program director throughout the late 1990s and 2000s was afternoon DJ Andy "Andyman" Davis. With the station almost since its inception, Davis previously served as the station's music director. Davis died of a suspected heart attack while on vacation in Michigan with his family on July 18, 2010. The annual "Andyman-a-Thon" also continues in his name.

2010 "frequency shift"
Ohio State University, under licensee WOSU Public Media, announced a $4.8 million purchase of WWCD from Fun With Radio, LLC. on June 30, 2010. At the same time, Fun With Radio entered into a local marketing agreement with the WHIZ Media Group to take over programming on WCVZ (102.5 FM) in Baltimore immediately, with a future option for purchase. Although generally reported and regarded as a "frequency shift" for WWCD, Fun With Radio took over programming and operations of WCVZ; changed the station's format from country to alternative as a direct simulcast of WWCD; and rebranded the station as "CD101 @ 102.5".

The purchase of the original WWCD was consummated that December 14. WOSU Public Media then changed WWCD's callsign to WOSA; changed the station's format to classical music; and rebranded the station as "Classical 101fm". Concurrently, WCVZ's callsign was changed to WWCD.

WOSA (2010–present)
WOSA's roots date back to WOSU-FM's long history as a classical outlet, airing the format on a full-time basis from 1980 until 2008 as a complement to WOSU, which would air more traditional public radio fare. Starting on January 14, 2008, WOSU-FM switched to a mixed news/classical format, introducing NPR news magazines during morning and evening drive-times along with assorted NPR and PRI weekend programs. Many of these programs were simulcast with its AM sister station WOSU, which still programmed a separate news/talk format. As a result, WOSU established a 24-hour all classical music service on its second HD Radio channel and on its web site.

Upon WOSA's establishment, it assumed WOSU-FM's 24-hour HD-2 and internet-only all classical music service on a full-time basis, operating as a non-commercial station. In addition, WOSU-FM's format changed to news/talk as a simulcast with WOSU (subsequently divested). WOSU also converted four repeater stations for WOSU-FM—WOSB in Marion, WOSE in Coshocton, WOSP in Portsmouth and WOSV in Mansfield—to repeaters of WOSA. In particular, WOSB and WOSV serve areas north of Columbus that are not served well by the new 101.1 frequency.

On March 2, 2020, WOSA's repeaters, along with the newly-acquired WOSX in Granville, readded some of WOSU-FM's news programming, including Morning Edition, Weekend Edition, and All Things Considered, to their schedules, while continuing to simulcast WOSA for most of the day. WOSA itself remains all-classical.

Repeaters
Most of WOSA's programming is simulcast on WOSE Coshocton (91.1 FM), WOSB Marion (91.1 FM), WOSP Portsmouth (91.5 FM), WOSV Mansfield (91.7 FM), and WOSX Granville (91.1 FM).

title: WOSA


text:
Bad Arolsen

Bad Arolsen (, until 1997 Arolsen, Bad being the German name for Spa) is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany, in Waldeck-Frankenberg district. From 1655 until 1918 it served as the residence town of the Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont and then until 1929 as the capital of the Waldeck Free State. The International Tracing Service has its headquarters in Bad Arolsen.

Location
Bad Arolsen is situated roughly 45 km west of Kassel.

The German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route runs through the town, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange.

Neighbouring communities
Bad Arolsen neighbours are: the town of Diemelstadt to the north, the town of Volkmarsen (both belonging to the county of Waldeck-Frankenberg); the town of Wolfhagen in the southeast (Kassel district); the town of Waldeck to the south, the community of Twistetal to the southwest; the community of Diemelsee to the west (the last three in Waldeck-Frankenberg county) and the town of Marsberg (Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia).

Constituent communities

Besides the main district (8,300 inhabitants), which bears the same name as the town, Bad Arolsen consists of the following subdivisions:
 * Braunsen, 199 inhabitants
 * Bühle, 110 inhabitants
 * Kohlgrund, 255 inhabitants.
 * Helsen, 2,156 inhabitants
 * Landau, 1,120 inhabitants
 * Massenhausen, 583 inhabitants
 * Mengeringhausen, 3,746 inhabitants
 * Neu-Berich, 246 inhabitants
 * Schmillinghausen, 495 inhabitants
 * Volkhardinghausen, 130 inhabitants
 * Wetterburg, 859 inhabitants

History
The earliest documents mentioning Arolsen date back to 1131 when an Augustinian nunnery was established there with the name of "Aroldessen". The nunnery was secularized in 1526 and in 1655 became the residence of the Counts (later Princes) of Waldeck, who converted it into a stately home. It was torn down in 1710 and replaced with a new Baroque structure (1713–1728) by Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1676–1728).

From 1918 to 1929 Arolsen was capital of the Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont (after 1922: Free State of Waldeck), which was subsequently incorporated into Prussia.

During World War II, in 1943–1945, the Nazis operated a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp, which housed a total of 185 prisoners, of whom 35% were from German-occupied Poland, 30% from German-occupied Russia and 15% from Germany. After the war, it was located within the American-occupied zone of Germany, and became part of West Germany.

In 2003, the town hosted the 43rd Hessentag state festival.

Town council
The town council's 37 seats are apportioned in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 March 2006: Note: "FWG" is a citizens' coalition. Offene Liste is the independent "Open List".

Town government
The town is governed by the town magistrate which is headed by the Mayor of Bad Arolsen. The incumbent Mayor is Jürgen van der Horst (Independent), first elected in 2007. His current six-year term is scheduled to end in 2025.

Coat of arms
Bad Arolsen's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In argent a nine-leaved oak tree vert with four acorns Or, before which an inescutcheon within which in Or a bar-topped letter "A" sable surmounted by a halved eight-pointed star sable.

The oak tree stands for the surrounding woods and indirectly the fresh air that Bad Arolsen is known for as a climatic spa. The inescutcheon shows the town's (original) initial, and the eight-pointed star of Waldeck.

The original arms were dropped in 1938 owing to a perceived reference to Freemasonry, which was not officially tolerated in Nazi Germany. The charge in question was "God's Eye" – a triangle with the sun's rays shining out of it, such as may still be seen in Bad Krozingen's civic coat of arms. Bad Arolsen's old arms showed the same inescutcheon over this, but "God's Eye" was replaced with an oak tree in 1938.

Partnerships

 * 🇩🇪 Bad Köstritz, Thüringen
 * 🇧🇪 Heusden-Zolder, Belgium
 * 🇺🇸 Hermann, Missouri, United States
 * 🇩🇪 Klütz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

The town
Worthy of note is the town's baroque layout near the stately home. The street grid shows a chequered pattern that was typical of that time. It was originally planned to build a mirror-image layout to the stately home's east and west, but the plans were never fully carried out; after completing the developments west of the stately home, there was no money left to do the eastern part. Instead, the mirrored layout is illustrated by landscaping the area with trees and bushes. Some of the development's buildings are protected by law. Since 1999 there has been a Gestaltungssatzung – or "design code" – in place to ensure the townscape's current form through collective protection.

The Grosse Allee ("Grand Avenue") is a remarkable piece of city landscaping. It is a broad avenue running one mile from east to west lined by some 880 German oak trees in a six-line arrangement. Particularly during the warm months of spring, summer and fall it attracts scores of people strolling and enjoying the shady park-like atmosphere. The avenue was built in 1676 as a prestigious connecting way for the carriages between the "Residenzschloss" and the princely "Lustschloss", the latter having been torn down in the year 1725.

Buildings

 * The baroque-style Schloß Arolsen, originally belonging to the Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont with its imposing construction was built between 1713 and 1728 by architect Julius Ludwig Rothweil. Of particular importance are the ceiling paintings by the Italian artist Carlo Ludovici Castelli, and the outstanding stucco works by Andrea Gallasini.
 * Landauer Wasserkunst, an historic waterworks in Landau dating from 1555.

Regular events

 * March/April: Lighting of the Easter Fire on the Königsberg fair ground
 * May: Arolser Barockfestspiele (Baroque festival)
 * August: Arolser Kram- und Viehmarkt (a fair with amusement rides, household goods and cattle markets at the Königsberg fair ground)
 * August: Bad Arolsen Twistesee Triathlon running
 * November: Bad Arolsen Advent Waldmarathon running
 * December: Weihnachtsmarkt (Christmas fair at the Kirchplatz in the towns central place ”Kirchplatz“)
 * Repeating every seven years (last time 2007): The “Freischiessen festival” in Mengeringhausen

Economy and infrastructure
Of particular economic importance to the town was its role as a garrison. In 1994 the Belgian Army deactivated its garrison and left the town. On 17 December 2004, the Bundeswehr deactivated its camp in Mengeringhausen.

Transport
Bad Arolsen is located on the railway line from Kassel to Korbach. Local public transport is also handled by buses of the North Hesse Transport Association (Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund; NVV). The town is also served by the BRS (Busverkehr - Ruhr - Sieg) bus company.

Public institutions

Since 1946, Bad Arolsen has been headquarters to the International Tracing Service, an organization dedicated to finding missing civilians, typically lost to family and friends as a result of war or political unrest during World War II. The institution was led and administered until December 2012 by the International Committee of the Red Cross and funded by the Federal Republic of Germany; it is now administered by the Federal Republic of Germany.

A venue for millions of documents related to the Nazi-attempted extermination of the Jewish people and others, the ITS holds vast archives of Nazi-related documents. In April 2006, German justice minister Brigitte Zypries announced that Germany would cooperate with the United States and allow survivors and historians of the Holocaust access to 47 million pages of documents, although an eleven-nation accord had to decide unanimously that this was to be done. More than 12 million of the documents have now being digitally scanned and shared with research institutions around the world. The archive fully opened when France, Italy and Greece ratified changes to the access protocol. Information kept hidden from the public since its inception was finally opened to the public in November 2007.

Well known persons

 * Otto von Bismarck, former Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 until 1890, is an "honorary citizen" of Bad Arolsen.

Notable people

 * 1556, Philipp Nicolai, song-poet and Reformer, in Mengeringhausen (died 1608 in Hamburg)
 * 1620, Prince Georg Friedrich von Waldeck (died 1692 in Bad Arolsen)
 * 1740, Ernst Eichner, composer (died 1777 in Potsdam)
 * 1743, Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1812), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * 1747, George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1813), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * 1767, Johann Stieglitz, doctor (died 1840 in Hanover)
 * 1777, Christian Daniel Rauch, sculptor (died 1857 in Dresden); The Museum in Bad Arolsen looks after his memorial.
 * 1805, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, painter, noted as a muralist, (died 1874 in Munich).
 * 1822, Friedrich Kaulbach, painter (died 1903 in Hanover)
 * 1831, George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1893), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * 1838, Walther Herwig, founder of German high-sea fishing (died 1912)
 * 1858, Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina Theresia von Waldeck-Pyrmont, Queen and 1890-1898 Regent of the Netherlands (Dutch King William III's second wife; died 1934 in The Hague)
 * 1861, August Bier, surgeon, in Helsen (died 1949 in (near Beeskow))
 * 1865. Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1946), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * 1873,, orthopaedics professor
 * 1896, Josias Erbprinz von Waldeck-Pyrmont, SS Obergruppenführer (died 1967 in Bad Arolsen)
 * 1936, Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, residing prince and chief of the House of Waldeck

title: Bad Arolsen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saishu Onoe

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Saishu Onoe
Delete. I found this Japanese poet by following the "What links here" link from the tanka article. It looks like this is a very insignificant poet. I've listed further info on the talk:Saishu Onoe webpage. gK 13:11, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. There seems to be no inaccuracy or agenda in this stub, and its existence testifies that somebody remembers his poetry.  Is it possible to conduct a Google search in Japanese?  Smerdis of Tlön 15:16, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Like this: Ianb 21:12, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, the fact that he's been dead for nearly 50 years suggests that what note he has he's going to keep. Unfortunately, I can only find one google link for his name that doesn't originate from Wikipedia, and that's largely in Japanese. I'm loathe to lose information, but this does need to be verified somehow. Average Earthman 16:44, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: There isn't any information here to lose, frankly.  "Among the practitioners of tanka would be Saishu Onoe (birth-death dates), a caligrapher and poet" would more than do it.  Yes, that would be a merge and delete vote, and I know that's not allowed.  Still.  This is substub stuff. The poet either deserves a full article or none.  Geogre 18:52, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Send his article to where he is. Not notable. --Improv 20:28, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I am a practising philistine and not qualified to comment on matters of high literature, do however currently reside in Japan. A quick googling (above) reveals the guy has a memorial stone in Tsuyama and seems to have influenced a generation of younger tanka poets. The only mention in the Japanese wikipedia  is a red link mentioning him as a teacher of Maeda Yugure (who?). As Geogre says, either all or nothing, though I'd much rather keep this than an article on some random magic sword in some random video game (or win the lottery so I can spend my time researching interesting stuff like this). --Ianb 21:12, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to give this a keep, after reading Ianb's notes.  — siro  χ  o  03:59, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to say keep for now.. Seems to be notable. Rhymeless|(Methyl Remiss) 07:14, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep This may be a important poet. What we could use is someone from Japan doign a bit of digging. But unless someone pops with detaisl that he is not notable then we should keep it and see if someone adds to it... --Asmodai 11:57, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Likely to become more interesting if expanded. Fire Star 16:10, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems valid. I wonder if there's an article on ja.wikipedia...since I don't know the guy's name kanji, not sure how I'd check.   — Gwalla | Talk 23:49, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 尾上柴舟, no entry in ja:--Ianb 23:55, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep DCEdwards1966 03:24, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * gK again: I'm still pretty new at this wikipedia stuff, and this is my first nomination for deletion. In looking through all Votes for deletion, I haven't seen the nominator come back with further argument, but I'm going to do it anyway. I probably didn't make my reason for nominating this article very clear. This is a waka (or tanka) poet who has never been translated into English as far as I can tell. The odds are that he may not get translated into English, and I feel pretty certain he will never have a book of his poetry translated into English. It does look like there is at least one book of his in print in Japan -- another search at   the Japanese amazon.com found two books . He may be worthy of entry in the Japanese Wikipedia (sooner or later) &, but I think that an entry in the English version is pretty useless at the moment.  gK 09:17, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * PS: As for Maeda Yugure, it does look like he has some significance as both a poet and editor, so he should at least be in the Japanese Wikipedia. See: Memorial Room of Yugure Maeda at the Hadano Municipal Library. gK
 * PSS: I just checked the modern era volume from Donald Keene's monumental four volume history of Japanese Literature, Dawn to the West. Onoe Saishû gets two very brief mentions, so I could probably rewrite that info to turn the Onoe substub into a stub if the final vote is to keep (by my vote is still for delete). Maeda Yûgure gets three pages as one of the "Naturalist Poets", but doesn't rate his own chapter subhead, so even he is probably a candidate for only the Japanese Wikipedia, although I did enjoy the few poems of his in Keene's book. gK

 * Keep. Looks valid to me. Radman1 14:27, 18 Oct 2004 (PST)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Purdue Boilermakers

The Purdue Boilermakers are the official intercollegiate athletics teams representing Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana. As is common with athletic nicknames, the Boilermakers nickname is also used as colloquial designation of Purdue's students and alumni at large. The nickname is often shortened to "Boilers" by fans.

Purdue is one of the few college athletic programs that is not funded by student fees or subsidized by the university.

Origin of "Boilermakers" nickname
In 1889, the Purdue football team played Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, and won the game 18-4. Students from the college and citizens of Crawfordsville began calling the Purdue players "a great big burly gang of corn-huskers", "grangers", "pumpkin-shuckers", "railsplitters", "blacksmiths," "cornfield sailors", and "foundry hands". The Purdue students experienced hands-on education at the university, including the maintenance of a fully operational steam locomotive.

Purdue defeated Wabash College again in 1891, 44–0. An account of the game in the Crawfordsville Daily Argus News of October 26, 1891, was headlined, "Slaughter of Innocents: Wabash Snowed Completely Under by the Burly Boiler Makers from Purdue". Purdue became known as the Boilermakers the next year.

Several of the local schools added to the boilermaker tradition by suggesting that Purdue was going up the Wabash River and hiring workers from the nearby Monon railroad yards to play football. Purdue's official mascot is a locomotive, the Boilermaker Special. The Monon Railroad had its main locomotive shops in Lafayette, not far from campus.

Purdue's athletic teams wear a combination of old-gold, black, and white, colors that have identified Purdue since 1887.

Football
In the early 1890s Purdue fielded dominating football teams. In 1891 Purdue went 4-0, outscoring opponents 192-0. In 1892 Purdue went 8-0, outscoring opponents 320-24. In 1893 Purdue went 5-2-1, outscoring opponents 334-144. In 1894 Purdue went 9-1, outscoring opponents 288-36. Over these four years, Purdue's combined record was 26-3-1, outscoring opponents 1134-204. Purdue beat in-state rival Indiana University 60-0, 68-0, 64-0, and 6-0 by an understandable forfeit. Purdue went 2-1 against Illinois, 2-1 Wisconsin, 3-0 against Chicago and split 2 games with Michigan.

The Purdue Boilermakers competed as an independent until 1889. In 1890, they joined the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association and, finally, was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference in 1896. The Purdue Boilermakers were Big Ten Conference Champions in 1918, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1943, 1952, 1967, and 2000. However, they made their first appearance in the Rose Bowl — the "grand-daddy of them all" — with a 1966 second-place finish in the Big Ten; conference rules at that time prevented Michigan State from appearing in consecutive Rose Bowls. The Boilermakers, under NFL hall-of-famer Bob Griese, defeated the University of Southern California Trojans 14-13 to win the 1967 Rose Bowl. When the Boilermakers shared the Big Ten title the following season, the consecutive-appearance rule kept them out of the 1968 Rose Bowl. Purdue did not return to the Rose Bowl until 2001, under future New Orleans Saints quarterback, Drew Brees, losing to the University of Washington Huskies 34-24.

The Boilermakers have appeared in a total of 21 post-season bowl games, compiling a record of 11-10. Their most recent victory was a 48-45 victory over the University of Tennessee Volunteers in the 2021 Music City Bowl, with their most recent appearance being a 63–7 defeat dealt by the LSU Tigers at the 2023 Citrus Bowl.

Purdue has traditionally been called the "Cradle of Quarterbacks", having produced NFL stars Cecil Isbell, Dale Samuels, Bob DeMoss, NFL Hall of Famer and Super Bowl MVP Len Dawson, NFL Hall of Famer Bob Griese, Mike Phipps, Gary Danielson, Mark Herrmann, Scott Campbell, Jim Everett, Eric Hunter, Billy Dicken, Kyle Orton, and Super Bowl MVP Drew Brees. Purdue QBs have thrown more touchdowns in the NFL than those from any other university, 1,311 at the end of the 2010 season. In 2011, there were three starting quarterbacks in the NFL from Purdue: Drew Brees of the New Orleans Saints, Kyle Orton of the Denver Broncos, and Curtis Painter of the Indianapolis Colts. The team is currently coached by Ryan Walters.

Basketball
The Boilermaker men's and women's basketball teams have won more Big Ten Championships (regular season and tournament) than any other conference school, with 37 conference banners, including a league-leading 24 for the men's team. Men's former head coach Gene Keady coached his final season with the Boilermakers in the 2004–2005 season after 25 years with the Boilermakers. Coach Keady became Purdue's all-time-winningest coach on December 6, 1997. In his years at Purdue, Keady led the Boilermakers to a 512-270 record and a .655 winning percentage.

The current coach of the Boilermaker men's basketball team is Matt Painter. A former player and Purdue Alum under Keady, Painter is now in his 11th season as the head coach and is currently third on the school's all-time wins list.

On March 17, 2023, the Boilermakers fell 63–58 to the Fairleigh Dickinson Knights, becoming the second No. 1 seed to lose to a No. 16 seed in the NCAA Tournament. The other No. 1 seed was the Virginia Cavaliers, falling 74–54 to the UMBC Retrievers on March 16, 2018.

Women's soccer
The Boilermakers' first season of soccer was in 1998, but began Big Ten play in 1999. The team has achieved seven NCAA tournament berths, their first being in 2002 and their most recent being in the 2021 season. The Boilermakers furthest run in the NCAA tournament was in 2003, advancing to the third round. The Boilermakers have also reached the Big Ten tournament in ten different seasons, with a tournament win in 2007 under coach Jack Warner. The current head coach of the Boilermakers is Drew Roff, who is in his ninth year as head coach as of 2023.

Women's Volleyball
The Purdue Boilermakers Women's Volleyball team started play in 1975 and has made the AIAW/NCAA tournament 27 times since. This includes five trips to the regional finals. The team has been coached by Dave Shondell since 2003.

Baseball
The Purdue Boilermakers baseball team have been conference champions twice, in 1909 and 2012. In 1987, 2012 and 2018 they appeared in the NCAA tournament.

Men's golf
The Purdue golf team inaugural season was in 1921. The team earned a national championship in 1961, and have been Big Ten champions twelve times. The team has had two NCAA individual champions: Fred Wampler in 1950 and Joe Campbell in 1955. The team has also earned 12 Big Ten championships through 2017.

Softball
The Boilermaker softball team began play in 1994. The team has made two NCAA Tournament appearances in 2008 and 2009. The current head coach is Magali Frezzotti.

Wrestling
The Purdue Boilermaker wrestling team started in the 1913-1914 season. As a team, the Boilermakers have placed as high as 2nd at the NCAA National Championships, and have had individual wrestlers qualify for the NCAA tournament for over 25 years straight. The team is coached by Tony Ersland, who wrestled for the University of Iowa under legendary coach Dan Gable. He is assisted by Tyrel Todd, Kendric Maple, and Jake Sueflohn. The team competes in the Big Ten Conference. Purdue Wrestling practices in the Blake Wrestling Training Center and competes on campus in the Holloway Gymnasium (2,288).

NCAA team championships
Purdue University has won 3 NCAA national championships:

 * Men's (1)
 * Golf (1): 1961
 * Women's (2)
 * Basketball (1): 1999
 * Golf (1): 2010

Other national team titles

 * Not bestowed by the NCAA:
 * Men's basketball (1): 1932 (retroactive Helms and Premo-Porretta selections)
 * Football (1): 1931 (Parke Davis)

Baseball

 * Big Ten Champions: 1909, 2012

Men's

 * NCAA Championship Runner-Up: 1969
 * NCAA Final Four: 1969, 1980
 * NIT Champions: 1974
 * NIT Championship Runner-Up: 1979, 1982
 * Big Ten Champions: 1911, 1912c, 1921c, 1922, 1926c, 1928c, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1935c, 1936c, 1938, 1940, 1969, 1979c, 1984c, 1987c, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2010c, 2017, 2019c, 2023, 2024
 * Big Ten tournament Champions: 2009, 2023
 * Helms National Champions: 1932
 * Premo-Porretta Champions: 1932

Women's

 * NCAA National Champions: 1999
 * NCAA Championship Runner-Up: 2001
 * NCAA Final Four: 1994, 1999, 2001
 * Big Ten Champions: 1991, 1994c, 1995c, 1997c, 1999, 2001, 2002
 * Big Ten tournament Champions: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2013

Cross country: men

 * Big Ten Champions: 1916, 1941, 1943

Cross country: women

 * Big Ten Champions: 1980†

Football

 * Bowl Game Victories: 1967 Rose Bowl, 1978 Peach Bowl, 1979 Bluebonnet Bowl, 1980 Liberty Bowl, 1997 Alamo Bowl, 1998 Alamo Bowl, 2002 Sun Bowl, 2007 Motor City Bowl, 2011 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl, 2017 Foster Farms Bowl, 2021 Music City Bowl
 * Big Ten Champions: 1918c, 1929, 1931c, 1932c, 1943c, 1952c, 1967c, 2000c
 * National Championship: 1931 - Parke Davis

Field hockey

 * Big Ten Champions: 1978†, 1979†

Golf: men

 * NCAA Championship (Individual): 1950 - Fred Wampler, 1955 - Joe Campbell
 * NCAA National Champions (Team): 1961
 * Big Ten Champions: 1950, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1971, 1981

Golf: women

 * NCAA Championship (Individual): 2009 - María Hernández
 * NCAA National Champions: 2010
 * Big Ten Champions: 2000, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013

Soccer: women

 * Big Ten tournament Champions: 2007

Softball

 * Women's College World Series appearance: 1972

Swimming and diving: men

 * NCAA Men's Championship 1-meter (Individual): David Boudia - 2010, 2011; Steele Johnson - 2015, 2017
 * NCAA Men's Championship 3-meter (Individual): David Boudia - 2009, 2010, 2011; Steele Johnson - 2017
 * NCAA Men's Championship Platform (Individual): David Boudia - 2009; Steele Johnson - 2015; Brandon Loschiavo - 2021; Tyler Downs - 2022

Tennis: women

 * Big Ten Champions: 2012

Track and field: women
Indoor
 * Big Ten Champions: 2001

Outdoor
 * Big Ten Champions: 1987, 1999, 2017

Volleyball

 * Big Ten Champions: 1979†, 1980†, 1982, 1985

Wrestling

 * Big Ten Champions: 1942, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954

c = Co-Champions

† = Women's championships were not fully sanctioned with the Big Ten Conference until the 1981-1982 season.

Crew
The Purdue Crew is a student athletic rowing club established in 1949. It is the largest such club on campus with an average of 130 members throughout the season. The program competes nationwide against both club and D1 programs. As a club, the crew is supported by Purdue University's Department of Recreational Sports by employing the head and assistant coach positions. Strong alumni support has allowed for much of the growth and success of the program by financing equipment and facilities. The club sponsors or supports several annual events, including the Hunger Hike and the Feast of the Hunter's Moon. Notably, Amanda Elmore from Purdue Crew's class of 2013 won an Olympic Gold Medal in 2016 in the Women's 8+ category.

Equestrian
Purdue is home to both an English and Western riding program. Their English team specializes in Hunt Seat and is a member of the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association. The Purdue Equestrian team was founded in 1980 by Jerry Steinmetz, who coached the team until 2017. His daughter, Krista Steinmetz, became the coach in that year. The team has reached the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) Nationals twenty times, placing in the top 10 ten times. The team has a student-run Executive Board in which current Purdue students help run the club.

Gymnastics
Purdue gymnastics competes in National Association of Intercollegiate Gymnastics Clubs (NAIGC) with a 2nd place men's finish in both 2015 and 2016. In 2019, the team placed 1st in the modified NCAA division.

Men's ice hockey
The Purdue University Hockey Club was founded in the 1960s and currently competes in the Division III Indiana Collegiate Hockey Conference of the American Collegiate Hockey Association. As the Lafayette metropolitan area does not have an ice rink, they play their home games the Fishers Fuel Tank and the Carmel Ice Skadium.

Men's lacrosse
The men's club lacrosse team was founded in 1971 by David Hoof. The team currently competes in the MCLA's Upper Midwest Lacrosse Conference. In 2013, the team played in the Great Rivers Lacrosse Conference's East division, which they won with a 9-5 record, going on to win the conference championship, earning a bid to the MCLA tournament where they lost in the first round to top ranked Colorado State. They had similar success in the 2015 season, going 9-6 and winning the conference championship, then losing to top ranked Grand Canyon in the first round. Their next season went the same, ending 9-6, winning the conference championship, and losing in the first round of the MCLA tournament, this time to Chapman. The team's current coach is Dan Sahm, former Boilermaker captain, defensive player of the year, and HM All-American.

Men's soccer
Since at least the 1930s, Purdue has fielded a club soccer team. The club team reached the 1951 Soccer Bowl, which predated the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament as the national championship for men's soccer. There, Purdue lost to Penn State. The team has won the Club Soccer National Championship 3 times, in 1991, 1994, and 2019.

Men's volleyball
Purdue has a successful men's volleyball program that competes in the National Collegiate Volleyball Federation (NCVF). Purdue won the Big Ten Championship tournament in 2014.

Rugby
Founded in 1970, Purdue plays college rugby in the Big Ten Universities conference against its traditional Big 10 rivals such as Indiana, and also plays in the annual Big 10 rugby sevens tournament each fall. Purdue men's rugby is led by head coach Casey Doten, and Purdue women's rugby is led by head coach Lake Paul.

Water skiing
The Purdue Water Ski Team was formed in 1980 and qualified for their first national championships in 1984. Purdue represented the Midwest Region at the National Championships for 15 straight years from 1996 to 2012, with their best team finish in 2007, taking 4th place in the nation. Purdue has had two individual event National Champions with Cale Burdick winning the men's slalom national title in 2004 and again in 2006, his freshman and junior years respectively.

Facilities
The golf complex houses 2 distinct 18 hole courses, The Ackerman Hills Course and the Kampen Course. The golf complex also includes the Pete Dye Clubhouse, Tom Spurgeon Golf Training Center, short game areas and a driving range. The Kampen Course hosted the Women's NCAA golf championship in 2003 and the Men's NCAA championship in 2008. The facility is home to 12 outdoor and 6 indoor tennis courts. In addition to holding Belin Court as a dedicated surface for Volleyball and primary competition arena for Wrestling, the building is also the location of the Brees Academic Performance Center, home to several other athletic facilities. The Athletic Ticket Office, Jane P. Beering Academic Learning Center, and large weightroom are also inside the Brees building. Additionally, the football game day locker rooms are located in Brees. Originally home to the Boilermaker basketball team and the Boilermaker Swimming Team, the fieldhouse now is used solely by the Men's and Women's Track teams for indoor competitions. The pool has been filled in to make way for a training center for the wrestling team. The Aquatic center was an addition to the Purdue Recreational Services Center in 2001. The aquatic center includes an Olympic sized pool, diving well, dressing facilities, hot tub, and spectator areas.
 * Alexander Field – Baseball
 * Birck Boilermaker Golf Complex – Men's and Women's Golf
 * Boilermaker Cross Country Course – Men's and Women's Cross Country
 * Boilermaker Softball Stadium – Softball
 * Dennis J. and Mary Lou Schwartz Tennis Center – Men's and Women's Tennis
 * Folk Field – Women's Soccer
 * Holloway Gymnasium – Volleyball, Wrestling
 * Lambert Fieldhouse – Men's and Women's Indoor Track
 * Mackey Arena – Men's and Women's Basketball
 * Mollenkopf Athletic Center – An indoor training facility used primarily for the football team. It includes a full practice football field, extensive weight room, and offices for the football program. Also housed in Mollenkopf is the Purdue Football Hall of Glory. Mollenkopf was expanded in 2017 with the addition of the Football Performance Complex. The expansion includes new team meeting and film rooms, new coach's offices, a state of the art weight room and new locker room.
 * Morgan J. Burke Aquatic Center – Men's and Women's Diving, Men's and Women's Swimming
 * Rankin Track & Field – Men's and Women's Outdoor Track and Field
 * Ross–Ade Stadium – Football

Rivalries
Purdue's main rivals are the Indiana University Hoosiers, against whom the Purdue football team plays annually for the Old Oaken Bucket. The Purdue football team also competes against the Fighting Irish from the University of Notre Dame for the Shillelagh Trophy and the University of Illinois Fighting Illini for the Purdue Cannon trophy. They historically competed against the University of Chicago Maroons, but that rivalry ended when Chicago abolished its original football program in 1939.

Athletic bands
Purdue's Band was formed in 1886 and named the 'All-American' Marching Band in 1935. The AAMB has made 99 consecutive appearances as the host band for the Indianapolis 500. The AAMB performs at all home football games where they play the university fight songs, Hail Purdue! being the most famous, and other songs ranging from jazz to rock.

Gold and Black Sound (GABS) is the athletic band for women's basketball. They are among the largest pep bands in the country, with more than 250 members.

Boiler Brass is the athletic band for men's basketball.

Boiler Box Band is the athletic band for the volleyball team.

Boilermaker Special
The Boilermaker Special has been the official mascot of Purdue since the 1930s. The 'Specials' are Victorian era locomotives. The Boilermaker Special I made its debut on the first day of classes in 1940. Alumni, faculty and students have since then raised funds to replace the Special as it has worn out. The Boilermaker Special V was unveiled in 1993 at the Purdue–Notre Dame game.

Purdue Pete
In 1940, the then owners of the University Bookstore, Doc Epple and Red Sammons, hired local artist Art Evans to draw a boilermaker to use as an advertising icon for the bookstore. A modernized version is still used in that capacity at University Bookstore. In 1944, the editors of the university's Debris yearbook sought, and obtained, permission from University Bookstore to use Purdue Pete on the cover of the 1944 edition of the Debris yearbook. When asked the name of the boilermaker depicted in the advertising drawing, Epple coined the name "Pete". Since 1956, Purdue Pete has been a regular at Purdue games - usually wearing the head with a football or basketball uniform and portrayed by one of four selected members of the spirit squad. Originally, the head costume was made of chicken wire and papier-mâché, but in later years has been made of fiberglass for better durability during rainy football games. Bradley-Bourbonnais Community High School in north-east Illinois also uses a mascot similar to Pete called "Bruno the Boilermaker".

The Boilermaker
The Boilermaker is a statue located adjacent to Ross Ade Stadium that was dedicated on Friday, November 4, 2005, as a monument commemorating the "indomitable spirit of the boilermaker".

title: Purdue Boilermakers


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Storyville Records
I have no problems with the page whatsoever, but it is Storyville Records (with 2 capitals). It was an excellent start and I noticed that your page has expanded a lot since then. Keep up the good work! warpozio 13:18, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I put a redirect in the old Storyville records to redirect into the new Storyville Records (I agree, I should have done this in the first place).warpozio 15:40, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Skuma Ironsides


text: Category:History of Angola

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text: Category:Hardin County, Texas

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Tao Nan School

Tao Nan School (abbreviation: TNS; ), is a co-educational primary school in Singapore. One of the six Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan schools. Along with Ai Tong School, Chongfu Primary School, Kong Hwa School, Nan Chiau Primary School and Nan Chiau High School, Tao Nan School is among the 30 most popular primary schools listed by the Ministry of Education.

Tao Nan School is also offering the Gifted Education Programme that started in 1996. In 2007, it also started the Bi-Cultural Chinese Elective Programme (BiCEP) to develop effective bilingualism in its students. Tao Nan celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2006 with a carnival held on November 4. To provide better infrastructure to support the teaching and learning of its students, Tao Nan School underwent the PERI Upgrading from 2014 to 2015 and operated at the holding site in Bedok South Road. With the completion of the Upgrading Exercise, it returned to Marine Parade in 2016.

School crest
The school crest consists of a leaping lion and an open book on a blue shield. The lion represents the Lion City, which is Singapore. Its leaping position symbolises bravery and continuous progress and advancement in the face of difficulties. The open book represents the unquenchable thirst for knowledge. At the base of the crest is the school's motto: "Sincerity and Perseverance". The entire crest signifies the acquisition of abundant knowledge and the training of the strong and healthy body.

History
The Hokkien Clan Association (otherwise known as the Hokkien Huay Kuan) started Tao Nan School on 18 November 1906. It was one of the six modern Chinese schools in Singapore with a curriculum influenced by the educational reforms in China at the end of the 19th century. The school was initially named Tao Nan Study Hall (道南學堂, Taonan hsüeht'ang). Taonan hsüeht'ang (道南學堂) can be translated as "spreading our philosophy, our culture and ideas to the South".

Classes were first held at the residence of Tan Kim Ching on North Bridge Road. With support from the Hokkien community, a purpose-built school was constructed. Benefactors include Tan Boon Liat, Lee Cheng Yan, Low Kim Pong, Tan Kah Kee, and Oei Tiong Ham, Majoor der Chinezen, the sugar magnate from Semarang, Central Java, whose donation largely financed the purchase of land on Armenian Street. Although it was originally set up to serve the Hokkien community and the lessons were held in Hokkien, it became the first Chinese school to accept speakers of other Chinese dialects.

The move to Armenian Street coincided with the 1911 overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Tao Nan became the first Chinese school to change the medium of instruction from the Hokkien dialect to Mandarin. One of the teachers was the philanthropist Lee Kong Chian (1894–1967). Pioneer artist Pan Shou was the headmaster from 1932 to 1940.

In 1982, Tao Nan School moved to a new campus in Marine Parade, where it still remains to this date. It was named a SAP (Special Assistance Plan) school in 1990 and a Gifted Education Programme Centre in 1996. In 2014, it moved to a temporary campus in Bedok South, while the Marine Parade campus underwent PERI Upgrading. It moved back into the Marine Parade campus in 2016. With 110 years of history it is one of Singapore's oldest primary schools.

Uniform
Boys wear white shirts and light blue shorts. Girls wear white blouses and light blue pinafores. Both uniforms have the school crest emblazoned on the left. While school shoes and socks can be purchased, any white-based shoes or ankle socks are allowed.

For days with PE lessons, students wear a white shirt with dark blue shorts to school. This uniform may be worn throughout the day on those days. The previous shirt had the image of the mascot of the house (Dolphin, Killer Whale, Marlin or Shark) that the student belonged to on the back. The new shirt has the words "道南" on the back with "Tao Nan" underneath. The front has the school crest over the heart. The school initials (TNS) are sewn on the shorts. House T-shirts are the same as the normal shirts, except that they have a picture of the house animal on the back instead of the school initials.

Prefects wear a blue Velcro tie, a name tag with their name, and a junior prefect or prefect badge above the school crest. The number of white lines printed on the tie determines the prefect's status: the Head Prefect has three stripes, the Vice-Head Prefect and other members of the Executive Committee have two, and the others have either one or no stripes.

The old junior prefect badge has the words 'junior prefect' engraved on them. The prefect badge has the school crest and 'prefect' written in gold on a black background together with the Prefect's name. The frame of the badge is gold.

A prefect T-shirt has been introduced. It is white with a blue high collar, with the word prefect on the left side of the T-shirt and on the back. Prefect in Mandarin (学长) is printed in blue on the left sleeve of the T-shirt. The prefects wear this shirt with their PE shorts on events during which they have prefect duties, such as Pesta Sukan or Swimming Carnival.

Sports' Day
Every year, there is a sports day event held by the Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan. All members, (i.e. Ai Tong School, Kong Hwa School, Chongfu Primary School, Nan Chiau Primary School) and Tao Nan itself.

Co-curricular activities
Tao Nan has numerous Co-curricular activities ranging from uniform groups like Brownies and Scouts to cultural groups like Chinese Dance and Chinese Orchestra.

Sports & Games
 * Wushu
 * Track and Field
 * Badminton
 * Swimming
 * Netball
 * Basketball
 * Sailing
 * Sports & Wellness

Clubs & Societies
 * International Chess Club
 * Art Club
 * E2K Maths Club

 * Advanced Mathematics Enrichment Club (AMEC)
 * Science Club
 * Infocomm Club
 * Chinese Drama
 * Media Resource Library
 * Comics Club
 * Chinese Club
 * E2K Science Club

Uniformed Groups
 * Scouts
 * Brownies
 * Girls' Brigade
 * Boys' Brigade

Cultural Groups
 * Guzheng
 * Chinese Dance
 * Chinese Orchestra
 * Choir

Notable alumni

 * Lee Kong Chian, Founder of Lee Rubber and Lee Foundation, Singapore's largest private charitable foundation
 * Yeo Cheow Tong, Cabinet Minister (1990 - 2006), Member of Parliament
 * Eleanor Lee, Singaporean actress and singer currently based in China

title: Tao Nan School


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alessio Guarino

This guy seems throroughly non-notable. Katherine Shaw 13:23, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)


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USS Breese

USS Breese (DD-122) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I, and later redesignated, DM-18 in World War II. She was the only ship named for Captain Kidder Breese.

Commissioned as a destroyer in 1919, she undertook a number of patrol and training duties along the East Coast of the United States until being decommissioned in 1922. Overhauled in 1931, she returned to service with the United States Pacific Fleet on training and patrol for the next 10 years. She was present during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and following this she supported several operations during the war, laying minefields and sweeping for mines in the Pacific. Following the end of the war, she was sold for scrap in 1946 and broken up.

Design and construction
Breese was one of 111 Wickes-class destroyers built by the United States Navy between 1917 and 1919. She, along with ten of her sisters, were constructed at Newport News Shipbuilding shipyards in Newport News, Virginia using specifications and detail designs drawn up by Bath Iron Works.

She had a standard displacement of 1213 t an overall length of 314 ft, a beam of 31 ft and a draft of 9 ft. On trials, Harding reached a speed of 33.2 knots. She was armed with four 4"/50 caliber guns, two 3"/23 caliber guns, and twelve 21-inch torpedo tubes. She had a regular crew complement of 122 officers and enlisted men. She was driven by two Parsons or Westinghouse turbines, and powered by four Normand boilers.

Specifics on Breese's performance are not known, but she was one of the group of Wickes-class destroyers known unofficially as the 'Liberty Type' to differentiate them from the destroyers constructed from detail designs drawn up by Bethlehem, which used Curtis steam turbines and Yarrow boilers. The Bethlehem destroyers deteriorated badly in service, and in 1929 all 60 of this group were retired by the Navy. Actual performance of these ships was far below intended specifications especially in fuel economy, with most only able to make 2300 nmi at 15 kn instead of the design standard of 3100 nmi at 20 kn. The class also suffered problems with turning and weight. Ships such as Breese, however, performed better than this.

Breese was the only U.S. Navy ship to be named for Kidder Breese, who had been a U.S. Navy officer during the Mexican–American War and later the Civil War.

Interwar period
Breese was launched on 11 May 1918 out of Newport News, Virginia. She was sponsored by Gilbert McIlvaine, daughter of Breese; and commissioned 23 October 1918. After her commissioning, she reported to the United States Atlantic Fleet and cruised for several days as an escort for convoys supporting World War I, before the end of the conflict on 11 November. Returning to Norfolk, Virginia at the end of the war, she was assigned to Destroyer Division 12 and served off the coast of Cuba on training exercises during the spring of 1919. In July 1919, Destroyer Division 12 was assigned to the United States Pacific Fleet, based at San Diego, California. For the next year, she served with Destroyer Squadron 4 and, from June 1920, began operating in Rotating Reserve. From October 1920 to June 1922, she participated in division maneuvers and fleet maneuvers with the Pacific Fleet's main battle force, and she was placed out of commission 17 June 1922.

On 5 January 1931, Breese was redesignated as a light minelayer, with the hull classification symbol of DM-18. Following an overhaul and conversion at Mare Island Navy Yard, she was recommissioned on 1 June 1931. She then returned to San Diego for sea trials and standardization tests in her new role. These completed, she departed for Pearl Harbor. She was assigned to Mine Division 1 of the Pacific Fleet, and operated out of Hawaiian waters. She conducted several training exercises, including with the submarine divisions where she served as a target ship. She also served as a station ship for aircraft. She returned to San Diego in June 1937, and placed out of commission and in reserve on 12 November 1937. On 25 September 1939, Breese was again recommissioned and assigned to Mine Division 5 of the Pacific Fleet. On 2 November 1939, she arrived at Puget Sound Navy Yard and began to conduct Neutrality Patrol off the Oregon and Washington coasts. Throughout 1940, she cruised to different bases along the coastline of Alaska with the commander of the Alaskan Sector aboard. Upon returning, she rejoined Mine Division 5 in San Francisco and steamed for Hawaii, returning there on 10 December 1940. Attached to Mine Division 2 in the Pacific Fleet, she took part in training exercises in the operating area and on the Maui range during much of 1941.

World War II
On 7 December 1941, Breese was moored in the Middle Loch, northwest of Ford Island. She was moored to Buoy D-3 alongside a nest of three other minelayers which were also converted Wickes destroyers; USS Ramsay (DD-124), USS Montgomery (DD-121), and USS Gamble (DD-123). At the outbreak of the attack, her crew was distracted by the initial assault on Ford Island and was buzzed by a flight of Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers. Breese quickly loaded her machine guns and began firing at 07:57. She and many of the other ships in the area were quickly able to mobilize a strong anti-aircraft defense which lasted throughout the morning. She was credited with hits on several Japanese aircraft and damaging at least one midget submarine. Breese was undamaged in the attack.

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, she remained berthed in the harbor until leaving on 26 December, carrying mail and orders for other ships. She rendezvoused with USS Southard (DD-207) at the mouth of the harbor to offload this, then steamed east on patrol.

On 6 June 1942, she took on 84 survivors of the carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5) which had sunk in the aftermath of the Battle of Midway. During the summer of 1942, she operated out of the South Pacific On 3 August 1942, she, along with minesweepers Gamble and USS Tracy (DD-214), were laying mines in Segond Channel, Espiritu Santo. Destroyer USS Tucker (DD-374) entered the strait on escort patrol, having not been notified of the minefield, when she struck one of the mines and sank. Breese, which was moored in the channel, rendered aid. On 30 September 1942, she was on a nighttime exercise off Espiritu Santo when she was damaged in a collision with the cruiser USS San Francisco (CA-38). She carried out minesweeping duties during the consolidation of the Solomon Islands from 1–13 May 1943, where she was assigned to Task Group 36.5 alongside Gamble, USS Preble (DD-345), and USS Radford (DD-446). They laid mined in Blackett Strait to guard the western approaches to Kula Gulf.

She supported Allied efforts around New Georgia-Rendova Vangunu from 29 June to 25 August. Assigned to Task Unit 36.2.2, she, Preble and Gamble laid mines off Shortland Harbor, Bougainville. She then supported the occupation and defense of Cape Torokina conducting minesweeping duties there from 1 to 8 November. She later supported the Leyte landings from 12 to 24 October 1944. She was subsequently among the ships to support the Lingayen Gulf landings from 4 to 18 January 1945. She supported the Battle of Iwo Jima from 7 February to 7 March. She undertook mine duties supporting the Battle of Okinawa between 25 March and 30 June. In her final act of the war, she steamed in support of the United States Third Fleet near mainland Japan between 5 and 31 July. In August and September 1945 Breese swept mines in the East China Sea and Kyūshū-Korean area following the end of the war.

On 7 November 1945, Breese steamed to the west coast arriving 26 November. She transited the Panama Canal and arrived at New York City on 13 December. She was decommissioned on 15 January 1946 and sold for scrap on 16 May 1946. She received ten battle stars for her service in World War II.

title: USS Breese


text: User talk:4.8.7.122

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