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Manga cafe

A manga café (漫画喫茶, マンガ喫茶) is a type of café, originating from Japan, where people can read manga. People pay for the amount of time they stay in the café. Most manga cafés also offer internet access like internet cafés (ネットカフェ) and vice versa, making the two terms mostly interchangeable in Japan. Additional services include video games, television, snacks/beverages vending machines, and more. Like Japanese cafés in general, smoking is usually permitted.

The cost for the first 30 minutes typically ranges from 100 to 300 yen. Larger blocks of time are usually available at discounted rates. Some manga cafés offer overnight stays.

More recently, the concept of manga cafés has spread to Europe.

Services
Services available at a cafe may include:
 * Seating: reading seat, non-smoking seat, sofa, massage chair, party room, internet seat, pair seat, zashiki (tatami matted), reclining seat
 * PC: disc burners, office software, color printers, photocopier, TV
 * Facilities: movies/DVDs, shower room, darts, magazines, PC class, music CDs, nail salon, pool table, newspapers, CATV/CS broadcast, table tennis, slot machine, tanning bed, mahjong

Roles of manga cafés

 * 1) As a complex cultural space  Various changes and improvements helped transform manga cafés into cultural spaces. They became places of relaxation, conversation, and meetings. The business sells coffee, drinks, and other refreshments to act as cafes. Modern facilities and services have also been introduced to improve cleanliness and functionality of interiors.
 * 2) As a channel for the production of comic books  Manga cafés were initially started as channels for producing comic books. Originally they were places that provided comics but also served as places to buy or trade this material. For Comic Cakes in South Korea, run by the Haksan Cultural Centre, the cafe is a place to read manga but it also displays and sells over 10,000 paintings and other related products. This is not only to enhance sales, but to also serve as a new distribution and market research channel for publishers.
 * 3) As a space for creating cartoon culture  Manga cafés are also used as communication spaces for cartoonists and their readers. Writers sometimes visit manga cafés to communicate directly with readers, and cartoonists promote their own works. Artists' interactions with the community are enhanced, while readers can meet with and talk directly to creators in order to better understand material and increase their interest levels in the material.

Japan
Manga Cafés are also known as Mangakissa (漫画喫茶, マンガ喫茶 “kissa” being short for “kissaten” which means “tea room” in Japanese). Manga cafés are spaces where people can read manga/comics and relax. Manga cafés differ from standard coffee establishments by offering guests private individual booths and the option to stay for between 30 minutes and all night long. The first manga café was established in 1979 in a small coffee shop in Nagoya City.

"Net café refugees" (netto kafe nanmin - people who substitute 'manga cafés' for their domestic residences) is a recent social phenomenon brought about by changing forms of leisure, information technology, social behavior, and the long-term contraction of the Japanese domestic economy. The utility of leisure spaces in Tokyo has shifted along with changes in the work habits and professional expectations of largely the Japanese poor and lower middle class.

South Korea
As the number of café chains expands, some are combining traditional cafés with other content services to satisfy consumer demand. For instance, 'Nolsoop' blends cafe offerings with a cartoon room in Korea. Beoltoon and Kongtoon have followed as well. In addition to providing comics and drinks, these shops also offer a variety of food and services. Usage fees and hours are available in 1-hour increments, and if you buy a drink with an hour, you can use the space at a cheaper price.

An increasing number of Manga cafes are appearing within movie theaters. Manga cafés are not just places to enjoy comic books and novels. They are increasingly becoming a diverse range of play spaces for eating, board games, and relaxation.

Other countries
Manga cafés have recently begun to spring up as alternatives to traditional public libraries and other spaces.

In July 2006, the first manga cafe in Europe opened in Paris, France. On October 19, 2008, in Toulouse, a library of manga and cyber cafés based on the Japanese concept opened. Finally, a similar manga and cyber café opened in late 2011 in Lyon Place Vendome.

In 2010, a manga café and shop opened in Belgium in Braine l'Allemagne in the Brabant Wallon called 'Cat's Eye Manga Cafe.' In early 2013 Belgium's largest coffee shop (230 m2) opened in Brussels. This is called Otaka - Manga Café.

In 2011, the first manga café in North America, O-Taku Manga Lounge, opened in Montréal, Canada, reflecting the region's growing interest in manga and Japanese culture.

In 2012, a manga café opened in Finland, the first in Northern Europe. However, as of August 2023, it has been closed.

In 2014, Algeria's first manga cafe, HB Manga Kissa, opened in Algiers. This was the first such establishment in Africa and the Arab world.

Criticisms
Recently, there have been complaints from manga publishing/distribution companies that manga cafés undermine their revenues. Generally, royalties are not paid for reading books and, due to the nature of the business, a single manga or graphic novel can be read by as many as 100 people. Profits go directly to the proprietors of the cafe rather than the manga distributors themselves. Public libraries on the other hand avoid this criticism because they do not make profits.

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Matt Salmon

Matthew James Salmon (born January 21, 1958) is an American politician who served as a U.S. representative from Arizona from 1995 to 2001 and again from 2013 until 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he retired from office after representing Arizona's 5th congressional district. The district is based in Mesa and includes most of the East Valley; he previously represented Arizona's 1st congressional district. In 2002, he lost by less than 1% to Janet Napolitano in a highly competitive gubernatorial race. He regained a congressional seat in the 2012 election.

On February 25, 2016, Salmon announced his retirement from politics. In June 2016, Arizona State University announced that Salmon would join his undergraduate alma mater as vice president for government affairs in the office of government and community engagement. In this position, Salmon oversees the university's local, state and federal relations teams. He also holds a faculty appointment as a professor of practice in public affairs in the ASU College of Public Service & Community Solutions. In April 2020, Salmon was named chairman of the nonprofit American Kratom Association. He was a candidate in the 2022 Arizona gubernatorial election.

Early life and education
Salmon was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Robert James Salmon and Gloria Aagard Salmon. Salmon's maternal great-grandfather was born in Denmark. Salmon moved to Tempe at age 12 and graduated from Mesa High School in 1976. Salmon is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He lived in Taiwan from 1977 to 1979 as a missionary and speaks fluent Mandarin Chinese. Salmon was also a Sunday School teacher, cubmaster, and gospel doctrine teacher with his church. After graduating from college, Salmon worked as a telecommunications executive at Mountain Bell in 1981, eventually becoming community relations manager with Mountain Bell's successor, US West. Salmon was offered the position of director of public relations with US West in 1990, but declined the position after deciding to run for state senate.

Elections
In 1990, he ran for the Arizona Senate in the 21st Senate District based in Mesa, Arizona. In the Republican primary, he defeated incumbent State Senator Jerry Gillespie. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Bill Hegarty 60–40%. In 1992, he won re-election to a second term unopposed.

Tenure
In 1992, he was elected assistant majority leader. He served in that position until 1995.

In 1993, he sponsored legislation that created new drug testing programs for employers. That year, he also called for an independent study of the Department of Economic Services' child welfare agency.

Committee assignments

 * Senate Appropriations Committee
 * Senate Indian Gambling Committee (Co-chairman)
 * Senate Rules Committee (Chairman)

Elections
Incumbent U.S. Representative Sam Coppersmith, a Democrat, decided to retire after one term in what was then the 1st district in order to run for the U.S. Senate. Salmon won the Republican primary with a plurality of 39% in a five-candidate field. During his first congressional campaign, term limits were a high-profile issue. Salmon was one of many candidates nationwide who pledged to serve only three terms in Congress. In the general election, he defeated Democratic State Senator Chuck Blanchard, 56%–39%.
 * 1994

He won re-election to a second term with 60% of the vote.
 * 1996

He won re-election to a third term with 65% of the vote.
 * 1998

 * 2000

He honored his campaign term limits pledge and did not seek re-election to a fourth term in 2000. He was then succeeded by Jeff Flake.

Tenure
During the 1994 congressional election, Salmon signed the Contract with America.

In 1999, he unsuccessfully advocated carving Ronald Reagan's face into Mount Rushmore, stating "He's the president that ended the Cold War. You think about 40 years of a major threat, not only to our country but to the world at large, being ended by one man - that's quite an achievement." Salmon's idea garnered support from Reps. Roscoe G. Bartlett (R-Md.) and John R. Kasich (R-Ohio).

Salmon was instrumental in obtaining the January 29, 2000, release of U.S.-based academic researcher Song Yongyi from detention in China on spying charges.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on International Relations
 * Committee on Science
 * Committee on Small Business
 * Committee on Education and the Workforce

2002 gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Arizona Governor Jane Dee Hull was ineligible for re-election in 2002. In the Republican primary, Salmon defeated Arizona Secretary of State Betsy Bayless and Arizona Treasurer Carol Springer 56–30–14%. He won every county in the state. In the general election, he faced Democratic nominee and Arizona Attorney General Janet Napolitano, Libertarian nominee Barry Hess, and former Arizona Secretary of State Richard D. Mahoney (who ran as an independent, but was previously a Democrat). Napolitano defeated Salmon 46.2–45.2%, a difference of 11,819 votes.

Political activism

After that race, he served as a lobbyist and chairman of the Arizona Republican Party. In 2007, he served as campaign manager to businessman Scott Smith's successful campaign for mayor of Mesa. In 2008, he became president of the Competitive Telecommunications Association, a Washington, D.C.-based trade association.

2012
In April 2011, Salmon announced he would seek his old congressional seat, which was now numbered as the 5th district. His conception of term limits had evolved: in 2011 he stated that they were a flawed concept unless they were applied across the board. His successor in Congress, Jeff Flake, was giving up the seat to run for the United States Senate. He was endorsed by the Club for Growth, Governor Jan Brewer, Senator John Thune, U.S. Representative David Schweikert, U.S. Representative Trent Franks, and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush. In the August 28 Republican primary, he defeated former state house speaker Kirk Adams 52–48%. In the general election, Salmon defeated Democrat Spencer Morgan 65–35%.

2014
Salmon was reelected almost as easily in 2014. However, he announced on February 25, 2016, that he was retiring for good.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on International Relations / Committee on Foreign Affairs
 * Chair, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere
 * Chair, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific
 * Committee on Education and the Workforce

Tenure
In March 2013, he endorsed the idea of bringing back the Hastert Rule, which is that in order to bring a bill to the floor it must have a majority of the majority party's support.

In 2013, Salmon was one of a few dozen Republicans who attempted to defund the Affordable Care Act by allowing a government shutdown. Salmon indicated the shutdown was intentional.

He also proposed an amendment to the United States Constitution limiting House members to three terms in office and Senators to two.

Salmon opposes abortion and has opposed federal funding of abortions as well as family-planning assistance that includes abortions.
 * Abortion

Salmon voted to ban gay couples adopting children and opposes gay marriage. Salmon has a son who is gay. Salmon's son led the Arizona Log Cabin Republicans; he left the group to focus on medical school.
 * Gay rights

Salmon is a fiscal conservative and has often caused rifts and defections in his own party to oppose increasing the deficit. He has strictly opposed raising the debt limit and any new spending without matching cuts. He believes government agencies and institutions should undergo reform, not expansion, to meet their needs.
 * Budget

Salmon signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, stating he would never vote for legislation to increase taxes on Americans. He opposes new government spending unless it has a plan to initiate some spending cut that will offset the loss. He has voted to cut various taxes, such as the estate and marriage taxes.
 * Taxation

He was a cosponsor of a bill that would prevent political bias causing any discrimination in tax treatment.

In 2011, Salmon signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any climate change legislation that would raise taxes.

2022 Arizona gubernatorial campaign

In June 2021, he declared his candidacy in the 2022 race for Arizona governor, to succeed term limited incumbent Republican Doug Ducey. He was endorsed by Ted Cruz and the Club for Growth, among others. Salmon dropped out of the race on June 28, 2022.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Vito Paternoster

Vito Paternoster is an Italian cellist, recording for Musicaimmagine. He has served as principal cellist for I Musici (Rome).

Paternoster is the first cellist to record the complete Bach Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Cello (orig. violin), after locating an anonymous transcription, from Bach's time, next to Bach's own manuscript of the violin masterpieces.

Paternoster also recorded a CD called Inzaffirio, a distillation of the preludes from Bach's Cello Suites - following each prelude is an arrangement for soprano, solo cello, and string orchestra accompaniment.

Paternoster teaches at the Bari Conservatory (Italy).

title: Vito Paternoster


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User:EEF90

dear mr/miss 958

I wrote it! My name is Tina Schou Klamsi Thank you for caring... kiss Tina

title: User:EEF90


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RDG

RDG, or Rdg, may refer to:

 * Rail Delivery Group, a body in the privatised British railway system
 * RDG Red Data Girl, fantasy novel series by Noriko Ogiwara
 * RDG, the AAR reporting mark for the Reading Company, a defunct US railroad
 * RDG, the IATA code for Reading Regional Airport in the state of Pennsylvania, US
 * RDG, the National Rail code for Reading railway station in the county of Berkshire, UK
 * Reading, in the field of temperature measurement
 * Rechtsdienstleistungsgesetz, the German Legal Services Act
 * Revolutionary Democratic Group, socialist organisation in the United Kingdom
 * Royal Dragoon Guards, the Royal Dragoon Guards is an armoured regiment of the British Army
 * Rwanda Development Gateway, a project to set up a national Rwandan portal for information sharing

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Kan'ami

Kan'ami Kiyotsugu (観阿弥 清次) was a Japanese Noh actor, author, and musician during the Muromachi period. Born Yūzaki Kiyotsugu (結崎 清次) in Iga Province, Kan'ami also went by Miyomaru (観世丸) and Kanze Kiyotsugu (観世 清次). He is the father of the well-known playwright Zeami Motokiyo (世阿弥 元清).

Theater
Kan'ami's career began in Obata, Nabari-shi, Mie when he founded a sarugaku theater group in the Kansai region on the main Honshu island. The troupe moved to Yamato and formed the Yuzaki theater company, which would become the school of Noh theater. He grew in popularity and began making trips to Kyoto to give performances. In 1374, the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was in the audience of a performance and was so impressed by it that he became Kan'ami's patron.

Kan'ami was the first playwright to incorporate the Kusemai song and dance style and Dengaku dances from rustic harvest celebrations. He trained his son Zeami Motokiyo in his style, and his son eventually succeeded him as director of the Kanze school of Noh. Kan'ami died in Suruga Province.

Notable works

 * Sotoba Komachi
 * Ji'nen koji
 * Shiino shōshō
 * Matsukaze
 * Motomezuka
 * Eguchi

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Talk:Leigh Light

Untitled
Hve merged the original material from this article into the duplicate on called Leigh light Lumos3 11:33, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

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Phyllis (TV series)

Phyllis is an American sitcom television series that aired on CBS from September 8, 1975, to March 13, 1977. Created mainly by Ed. Weinberger and Stan Daniels, it was the second spinoff of The Mary Tyler Moore Show (the first being Rhoda). Mary Tyler Moore Show producer James L. Brooks was also involved with the show as a creative consultant. The show starred Cloris Leachman as Phyllis Lindstrom, who had been Mary Richards' friend, neighbor, and landlady on The Mary Tyler Moore Show.

In this series, Phyllis, along with her daughter Bess Lindstrom, moves from Minneapolis to San Francisco after the death of her husband, Dr. Lars Lindstrom. It was revealed that San Francisco was Phyllis and Lars's original hometown prior to their moving to Minneapolis, and that Lars's mother and stepfather still resides there.

Synopsis and production
Left penniless after the death of her husband Lars, Phyllis and her daughter Bess (Lisa Gerritsen) move in with Lars's mother, the scatterbrained Audrey Dexter (Jane Rose) and stepfather Judge Jonathan Dexter (Henry Jones). Phyllis takes a job as an assistant in a photographic studio. The owner, Julie Erskine, was played by Barbara Colby. In the 1974-1975 season, Colby was featured on The Mary Tyler Moore Show playing Sherry Ferris, a prostitute who Mary Richards (Moore) befriends. Her appearances on that show were so popular with viewers that when Phyllis was being cast, the producers enthusiastically signed her as a regular cast member. However, after three episodes of Phyllis had been filmed, Colby was murdered and the part was assumed by Liz Torres. Leo Heatherton (Richard Schaal, who was married to Valerie Harper, who played the title character in Rhoda) was a well-meaning but bumbling photographer at the studio.

Much of the first season's humor stemmed from Phyllis' attempts to fit into the job market, having lived for many years as the spoiled wife of a rich dermatologist. Judith Lowry guest starred in an early episode ("Leaving Home") as Jonathan's mother, Sally Dexter. She was so well received by viewers that by the end of the first year Lowry became a regular when Mother Dexter joined the household.

Aired on Monday nights between two popular shows – Rhoda and All in the Family – Phyllis instantly became a top ten hit. Cloris Leachman won a Golden Globe Award for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. The sitcom was the sixth highest-rated television series for the 1975–76 television season (at the time ranking higher than both Rhoda and The Mary Tyler Moore Show).

Season two
Toward the end of the first season, the ratings were beginning to slip. As a result, the series premise was reworked for the second season. Erskine Photography and the characters Julie Erskine (Liz Torres) and Leo Heatherton (Richard Schaal) were dropped with the explanation that Julie had married suddenly, sold the photography studio, and moved away, putting Phyllis out of a job. Leachman, Gerritsen, Jones, Rose and Lowry remained with Phyllis.

In the second-season premiere Phyllis was hired as an assistant to a San Francisco City Supervisor.

New characters were Phyllis's boss Dan Valenti (Carmine Caridi), Leonard Marsh (John Lawlor), an inept politician in the office, and Leonard's secretary Harriet Hastings (Garn Stephens). Harriet was initially Phyllis's rival, but they later became friends. Both Caridi and Lawlor had appeared in two separate episodes of Phyllis the previous season - Caridi as a junk dealer in the episode "Phyllis's Garage Sale" and Lawlor as a policeman in the episode "Crazy Mama".

The ratings continued to drop. Rhoda was also going through a format change at the time, which may have also affected Phyllis’ ratings. During this time both series' chief competition, NBC's Little House on the Prairie, flourished.

In a December 1976 episode, Jonathan's cranky and outspoken Mother Dexter (Lowry), Phyllis' main nemesis, married Arthur Lanson (Burt Mustin); both Lowry, 86, and Mustin, 92, died within a month of the episode's airing. (Episodes featuring Lowry continued to air through early February 1977; Mustin's character was mentioned but not seen after the wedding episode.).

CBS moved both Rhoda and Phyllis to Sunday nights at 8:00 P.M. and 8:30 P.M., respectively. Actress Jane Rose (who played Audrey Dexter) took ill with cancer, and though she did not leave the show, her role was reduced so that she could deal with her illness. These cast changes necessitated new story lines. Bess's role became more prominent. She found romance with Mark Valenti (Craig Wasson), the nephew of Phyllis' boss, and they later married.

By the middle of the 1976–77 season, the ratings for Rhoda had improved but Phyllis was still faltering. Rhoda was renewed for an additional season (it would ultimately be canceled in December 1978), but Phyllis was dropped by CBS in the spring of 1977, finishing in 40th place that season. The complications resulting from the deaths of several cast members during the show's run, as well as the ill health of actress Jane Rose, are said to have been factors in the series' cancellation.

The final episode ("And Baby Makes Six") had Bess announcing that she and Mark were expecting their first child. This installment aired Sunday, March 13, 1977. The same week, on Saturday, March 19, Leachman made her last appearance as Phyllis Lindstrom on the final episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show.

Cast

 * Cloris Leachman as Phyllis Lindstrom, a self-centered but well-meaning woman who moves to San Francisco, California from Minneapolis, Minnesota, after her husband, Lars, dies and leaves her and her daughter with no savings. She suddenly finds herself having to find a job after being the pampered wife of a dermatologist for decades. In season one, she works as a photographer's assistant, and in season two, she works as a political assistant. Phyllis was previously a featured character on The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Mary Richards' good friend and landlord. Leachman made her final appearance as Phyllis on the finale of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, a week after the spinoff series ended its run. In the episode, she visits Mary with her frenemy, Rhoda Morgenstern, in order to cheer Mary up when she gets fired from her job.
 * Henry Jones as Judge Jonathan Dexter, the calm and level-headed second husband of Audrey Dexter. Phyllis's husband Lars was his stepson. He is both protective and judgmental of his mother Sally, whose frank, provocative and sometimes shocking behavior (at least for a family that considers themselves upper class) usually leads to his chagrin.
 * Jane Rose as Audrey Dexter, the ditzy and ever-cheerful wife of Jonathan. She had a son named Lars Lindstrom with her first husband. After Lars' death in 1975, her penniless, widowed daughter-in-law and granddaughter move from Minnesota to live with them in California. Rose became ill with cancer toward the end of the show's run, reducing her screen time and leading the show to depend more on characters like Bess and Mark to provide plots for later episodes.
 * Lisa Gerritsen as Bess Lindstrom, Phyllis's highly intelligent and mature daughter. Bess is a 17-year-old senior in high school during season one and an 18-year-old freshman in college during season two. Upon moving to San Francisco, Bess goes through many boyfriends and heartbreaks before entering a whirlwind romance with Mark Valenti, the nephew of her mother's boss. She quickly marries Mark and announces that she is pregnant with their child in the series finale. She and Phyllis both appeared on The Mary Tyler Moore Show before moving to the new show.
 * Judith Lowry as Sally "Mother" Dexter, Jonathan's cantankerous, sharp-tongued, 86-year-old mother. While she has a soft spot for Bess, Mother Dexter acts abrasively toward Phyllis. Mother Dexter has a lascivious side, frequently demonstrating her sexual feelings for actor Charles Bronson. In season two, she shocks the rest of her family by shacking up with her boyfriend, Arthur Lanson, in his mobile home. After talking over the situation with her family and Arthur, the couple decides that they want to get married and have their wedding officiated by Jonathan in the living room of the Dexter home. Lowry appeared as Mother Dexter in five episodes after the wedding episode. She had died of a heart attack at the age of 86 in November 1976, a month before the wedding episode aired. Burt Mustin, who portrayed Arthur, died two months after Lowry.
 * Barbara Colby as Julie Erskine #1 (1975), Phyllis's first boss. Along with Burt Mustin, Colby came to Phyllis after playing a different role on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. She had previously played a prostitute who befriended Mary Richards when they spent the night in jail together. The character of Erskine was recast with Liz Torres after Colby was killed in a drive-by shooting while walking out of an acting class.
 * Liz Torres as Julie Erskine #2 (1975–1976). Torres replaced Barbara Colby after she was murdered in July 1975. The character was written out of the series after the first season.
 * Richard Schaal as Leo Heatherton (1975–1976), Phyllis's well-meaning, but bumbling coworker at the photography studio. Along with Julie, the character of Leo was written out of the series after season one ended in an attempt to rework the series and boost ratings.
 * Carmine Caridi as Dan Valenti (1976–1977), Phyllis's boss in season two when she becomes a political assistant. His nephew, Mark, eventually becomes Bess' husband.
 * John Lawlor as Leonard Marsh (1976–1977), another politician who works in the same office as Dan and Phyllis. Leonard is sometimes extremely dim, but is able to good look on camera and give a quotable soundbite. He does not tend to get along with Phyllis.
 * Garn Stephens as Harriet Hastings (1976–1977), Phyllis's co-worker in season two. Like Leonard, Harriet does not have a very friendly relationship with Phyllis -- at least initially. Over time, they become more bonded.
 * Burt Mustin as Arthur Lanson (1976), the devoted suitor, and later husband, of Mother Dexter. He is an elderly veteran of World War I who lives in a trailer park. He enjoys hanging out with fellow World War I veterans and exchanging stories of their time in combat. He is mentioned during the latter half of season two but disappeared from the show soon after the episode in which he and Mother Dexter marry. Mustin became ill not long after the episode's airing, and died in January 1977, right before his 93rd birthday. He was the third cast member of the series to die in its relatively short run.
 * Craig Wasson as Mark Valenti (1977), Dan's college-aged nephew who has dreams of becoming a successful musician. He and Bess fall in love toward the end of season two and quickly get married. Bess announces she is pregnant with their child in the series finale.

Syndication

 * During the 1990s, Phyllis was aired on Nick at Nite alongside Rhoda and The Mary Tyler Moore Show. Eventually, all three shows were moved to sister-network TV Land for a short while before simply disappearing altogether. Also in the early 1990s, the series was aired on HA! before it merged with The Comedy Channel and became Comedy Central.
 * In January 2010, AmericanLife Network (ALN) began airing the series and is again shown alongside Rhoda in syndication. However, this time, the network stopped showing The Mary Tyler Moore Show when it added Rhoda and Phyllis to its lineup. The series was removed from the lineup in September 2010.

Home media
In July 1992, a VHS titled Phyllis—Volume 1 containing the first two episodes was released by MTM Home Video; however, a second volume was never released.

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Mae Young

Johnnie Mae Young (March 12, 1923 – January 14, 2014) was an American professional wrestler, trainer and promoter. She wrestled throughout the United States and Canada and won multiple titles in the National Wrestling Alliance. Young is considered one of the pioneers in women's wrestling as she helped to increase the popularity of the sport throughout the 1940s and during World War II. In 1954, she and Mildred Burke were among the first female competitors to tour post-war Japan.

Beginning in 1999, Young had a renewal success in her career after joining World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). Young was part of a recurring comedic duo with best friend The Fabulous Moolah in appearances on WWE televised events. Young is also remembered for taking bumps well past the age of 80 on televised programming. In 2004, she was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum as part of their "Lady Wrestler" category. On March 29, 2008, Young was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.

In 2017, an all-female professional wrestling tournament was introduced by WWE and was named Mae Young Classic as a tribute to her memory. Its purpose was to showcase the new female wrestlers that had signed with the company and were in development, as well as independent circuit veterans from around the world. The winner received a contract with WWE and a trophy for their achievement. After the second tournament in 2018, the tournament was discontinued.

Early life
Johnnie Mae Young was born in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, on March 12, 1923. She was the youngest of eight children (one died at birth). Her mother Lilly Mae Young was a single mother (her partner left to find work and never returned) living during the Great Depression. Young's oldest sister Inie was severely disabled by whooping cough at a very young age. Young was an amateur wrestler on her high school's boys' wrestling team at the age of fifteen. Her brothers Fred, Eugen, Lawarence, and Everett taught her to wrestle and helped her join the team. Young also played softball with Tulsa's national championship team.

Beginnings (1939–1950)
While still in high school, Young went to a professional wrestling show and challenged then-champion Mildred Burke when she visited Tulsa to wrestle Gladys Gillem. Because the promoters told her she could not wrestle the champion, she wrestled Gillem in a shoot fight, beating her within seconds. After the fight, promoter Billy Wolfe wanted Young to become a professional wrestler. She left home two years later to wrestle professionally. Young later traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where she met and trained with The Fabulous Moolah and also met Ed "Strangler" Lewis who told her "I don't like girl wrestlers, women should be in the kitchen, but after seeing you, you was born to be a wrestler."

There have been conflicting reports as to the year in which Young began her career. Young claimed her first match was August 20, 1939, while WWE said she "started her professional career" this year. However, Young also once said her first match was March 22, 1940. According to Dave Meltzer of The Wrestling Observer, historians have been unable to find any records that she began in 1939 and that her first match was most likely in 1941. Meltzer wrote, "In reality, Young is believed to have competed in seven decades, matching the record held by Lou Thesz. ... You really couldn't call [her] 2010 match anything resembling a pro wrestling match, even giving as much leeway as possible. While she always claimed to have started in 1939, at 16, historians researching have been unable to find any records of her wrestling prior to 1941, when she turned 18 and went on tour with Billy Wolfe's troupe."

In 1941, Young, along with Mildred Burke, opened up Canada for female wrestling. In Canada, they worked for Stu Hart. She was wrestling in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 7, 1941, the day that Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese, which led to the United States entering World War II. During the war, Young helped women take advantage of the fact that the men were fighting overseas by expanding their role in the sport.

Various wrestling promotions (1950–1970s)
She fought under the nicknames of "The Queen" and "The Great Mae Young", but she used her real name for most of her matches. During the 1950s, she wrestled for Mildred Burke's World Women's Wrestling Association (WWWA). In 1954, Young and Burke were some of the first females to tour Japan after the war. In 1951, she became the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) first Florida Women's Champion. Five years later in September 1956, she participated in the battle royal to determine the new NWA World Women's Champion after June Byers was stripped of the title, but the championship was won by Young's friend The Fabulous Moolah. In 1968, she became the NWA's first United States Women's Champion. She wrestled for WWWF in two matches in 1969 and 1972. At this point it is unknown when Mae left the wrestling business and retired. In the late 70s, Mae worked in the real estate business in San Leandro California.

As an instructor, her students included Ric "The Equalizer" Drasin and The Fabulous Moolah.

Ladies International Wrestling Association (LIWA) (1993–1998)
In 1993, Young would come out of retirement and started wrestling again for the first time in over 20 years. She worked for Fabulous Moolah's Ladies International Wrestling Association based in Las Vegas. On June 21, 1996, she teamed with Fabulous Moolah at LIWA Golden Girls Extravaganza event in Las Vegas where they wrestled Liz Chase and Lori Lynn to a no contest. She continued working with LIWA and even teaming with Moolah until 1998. She left the promotion and went to the WWF in 1999.

Early appearance and arrival (1994, 1999–2001)
Before her official recognition by WWE fans, she made a cameo appearance being shown by the camera along with The Fabulous Moolah, Freddie Blassie, Lou Albano, and Nikolai Volkoff in the crowd of the WrestleMania X event on March 20, 1994.

Young made her official debut in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) on the September 9, 1999, episode of SmackDown!, where she was introduced with The Fabulous Moolah and later was attacked by Jeff Jarrett being put into the figure-four leglock. After this appearance, both Mae and Moolah began appearing regularly on WWF televised shows. Mae made her WWF in-ring debut on the September 27 episode of Raw is War; along with Moolah, she competed in a handicapped evening gown match against WWF Women's Champion Ivory, who stripped Mae from her gown before Moolah picked up the victory. At No Mercy on October 17, Mae managed Moolah, who defeated Ivory for the championship – her last wrestling title before her death in 2007. At Survivor Series on November 14, she and Moolah competed in an eight-woman tag team match along with Debra and Tori against Ivory, Jacqueline, Terri Runnels, and Luna Vachon, with their team coming out victorious.

At the Royal Rumble event on January 23, 2000, Mae Young won the Miss Royal Rumble 2000 swimsuit contest and afterwards flashed her breasts. However, she was actually wearing a prosthesis and did not actually expose herself. At the end of 1999 and through 2000, Mae developed a storyline along with "Sexual Chocolate" Mark Henry where she started dating him, which included a kayfabe pregnancy and attacks by The Dudley Boyz, specifically Bubba Ray Dudley who performed powerbombs on Young through tables twice in consecutive episodes of Raw – the first being in the ring and the second, in which Young was originally reliant on a wheelchair, being off the entryway stage as what has been described as the most notorious powerbomb in WWE history. Mae was 77 years of age at the time, but expressed enthusiasm for the stunt. Her child was eventually delivered and found to be nothing more than a bloody rubber hand. On April 2, Mae accompanied The Kat at WrestleMania 2000 to her match against Terri Runnels; Kat lost the match as Mae was distracted by kissing the guest referee, Val Venis, before attacking Terri and her manager, Moolah.

On December 24, 2001, Young and Moolah appeared backstage on the Christmas Eve edition of Raw, which marked their last appearance before returning in the summer of 2002.

Return and sporadic appearances (2002–2007)
On the July 29, 2002, episode of Raw, Mae Young returned along with Moolah, to promote her new book: "The Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle" before being attacked by 3-Minute Warning on orders of general manager Eric Bischoff. On the September 15, 2003, episode of Raw, she accompanied Moolah at her last wrestling singles match, in which she defeated Victoria before being attacked by Randy Orton and an infuriated Victoria. On June 15 at Bad Blood, Mae appeared during a segment along with Stone Cold Steve Austin and Eric Bischoff where she stripped herself in the ring and performed a bronco buster on Bischoff before being stunned by Austin.

In 2004, Mae Young was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum as part of their Lady wrestler category class of that year. On the September 23 episode of SmackDown!, Young teamed with Moolah and defeated Dawn Marie and Torrie Wilson.

On March 23, 2005, Moolah and Mae Young appeared on the Late Night with Conan O'Brien show to promote their 2005 documentary in which they starred about their 1950s heyday along with several other lady wrestlers of their era. On January 8, 2006, at New Year's Revolution, Young re−appeared along with Moolah during a bra & panties gauntlet match where she stripped herself before being attacked by Victoria as she left the ring, which led to both women retaliate and rip off Victoria's shirt. At WrestleMania 22 on April 2, Young appeared along with Moolah during a backstage segment with Snitsky.

At WrestleMania 23 on April 1, 2007, Mae Young appeared during a backstage segment along with several other WWE superstars and hall of famers. On the August 24 episode of SmackDown, Mae Young made a special appearance winning a Divas bikini contest. Mae's last appearance with Moolah before her death came at SummerSlam in August 2007, both appeared during a backstage segment along with Vince McMahon and Raw's general manager, William Regal, two months prior to her friend's death.

WWE Hall of Fame, retirement and final appearances (2008–2013)
On March 29, 2008, Young was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the 2008 class. At the ceremony, she was inducted by fellow wrestler and friend, Pat Patterson. The next night at WrestleMania XXIV, she appeared when she was introduced as part of the 2008 Hall of Fame class. On the 800th episode of Raw on November 3, Mae Young competed in a 16-Diva tag match, where she was pinned by Beth Phoenix.

At WrestleMania XXV on April 5, 2009, Mae Young appeared as the special guest time keeper for the 25-Diva battle royal, which was won by Santina Marella.

On the November 15, 2010, "Old School" edition of Raw, Mae Young won a Falls Count Anywhere handicap match against LayCool, thus becoming the first person ever to wrestle over the age of 80, the first person to wrestle in nine different decades and her final stipulated wrestling match.

At WrestleMania XXVII on April 3, 2011, Mae appeared backstage during a segment along with The Rock and Eve Torres. During the May 2 episode of Raw, Vickie Guerrero and Dolph Ziggler mockingly presented Mae as a "birthday gift" to The Rock, who responded by kissing Young.

Mae Young appeared on SmackDown: Blast from the Past (April 10, 2012), kissing The Great Khali. and Raw 1000 (July 23, 2012), during which she was escorted by a man dressed in a giant hand costume, claiming to be her son. On September 24 episode of Raw, Mae appeared in one of Kane and Daniel Bryan's "Anger Management" skits. On the December 31 episode of Raw, Mae Young was warming up for her match with then-Divas Champion Eve Torres and began experiencing stomach cramps as it was later determined that she was once again pregnant and gave birth to "Baby New Year", played by Hornswoggle.

In her last on-screen appearance on the March 4, 2013, episode of Old School Raw, Mae Young's 90th birthday celebration was interrupted by CM Punk. Backstage, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon and WWE executive Triple H presented her with a personally monogrammed Divas Championship belt.

Professional wrestling persona
Little is known about Young's character before WWE, but it has been widely speculated that she was the first female wrestler to use a dropkick. She is remembered in WWE for her comedic performances. Among her finishing and signature moves included the elbow drop and the bronco buster, in which she used to perform the famous D-Generation X crotch chop taunt. Young is also remembered for taking bumps, one of her most famous spots was being powerbombed through a table off the wrestling arena stage by Bubba Ray Dudley at the age of 77. Another famous bump of hers was when she was attacked along with The Fabulous Moolah by 3-Minute Warning, where she was scoop slammed and diving splashed by Rosey and Jamal at the age of 79.

Video games
Young appeared in one WWE video game, that being WWF No Mercy as an unlockable character, and was also featured on the mobile game for iOS and Android, WWE SuperCard.

Toys
In 2007, Mae Young appeared on Jakks Pacific WWE Classic Superstars Series 18. On September 12, 2017, WWE unveiled an exclusive fashion doll done by toy brand Mattel of Mae Young.

In November 2020, a Mae Young action figure was included in the Mattel WWE Elite 81 series as a rare exclusive collector's one.

Personal life
As a sign of friendship for meeting her longtime friend The Fabulous Moolah, she called her "Lilian" while Moolah referred to her by Young. In 1991, Young quit the wrestling business and moved to California to become a Christian evangelist and take care of her mother, who was sick. She later renounced her evangelist lifestyle. In 1991, she moved in with The Fabulous Moolah and midget wrestler Katie Glass at a house in Columbia, South Carolina, an arrangement which lasted until Moolah's death in November 2007.

Death
On December 31, 2013, it was reported that Young had been hospitalized. The Charleston Post & Courier erroneously reported that she had died on January 9, 2014. Young's death was announced by the WWE on the morning of January 14 after having died at her home in Columbia, South Carolina. Young was entombed at Greenlawn Memorial Park in Columbia, South Carolina, the same cemetery where her longtime friend The Fabulous Moolah also rests.

Legacy
Mae Young is a highly respected figure and one of the pioneers in wrestling industry. She is overall a three-time champion. Her career spanned nine decades, a career that spanned longer than any wrestler in the wrestling business. Young and Mildred Burke were the first women to wrestle in Canada. Her last match broke history when she was regarded as the oldest wrestler to ever have a match at the age of 87. Some of her notable trainees were WWE Hall of Famers The Fabulous Moolah and June Byers. On December 7, 1941, Mae was wrestling in Memphis, Tennessee, the day Pearl Harbor was bombed and the United States entered World War II. WWE Hall of Famer Pat Patterson said: “There's been only one Mae Young, and there will be only one ever.” Wrestling legend Dutch Mantell describe Mae Young as the greatest woman wrestler ever.

She is often recognized by wrestling historians, journalists and colleagues as one of the toughest female wrestlers ever for her willingness to take hard bumps from the male wrestlers. Vince McMahon stated: “There will never be another Mae Young. Her longevity in sports entertainment may never be matched, and I will forever be grateful for all of her contributions to the industry.” WWE Hall of Famer The Fabulous Moolah stated: “Mae Young, she's tough. She taught me a lot.” In 2008, WWE Hall of Famer Jim Ross said: “When it comes to who was the toughest woman, there are no debates. Johnnie Mae Young is universally considered to be the baddest of the bad when it comes to women's wrestling.” Legendary wrestler “Classy” Freddie Blassie said that: “Mae could kick the hell out of 67% of the men.”

In the book Sisterhood of The Squared Circle by Pat Laprade and Dan Murphy, wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer stated, "There is little doubt she was among the toughest of any of the women wrestlers who were in the so-called golden age in the ’40s and early ’50s." After taking hard bumps from the Dudley Boyz, they describe Mae as: “The toughest man we had ever been in the ring with”. For her longevity, impact and contributions to the industry, she was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum in 2004 and later into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2008.

Posthumous honors
On January 14, 2014, the exact day of Mae's death, WWE pay tribute to her with a posthumous video which included highlights of her career, and another one six days later on January 20. On January 16, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling dedicated their live Genesis episode of Impact Wrestling to the memory of Young. On January 17, SmackDown was also dedicated to her memory. Two weeks later, Shine 16 dedicated to her a ten-bell salute.

On March 20, 2017, WWE honored Young during their Women's History Month, a video was released where she was credited as the women pioneer of professional wrestling. WWE praised for her contributions to the wrestling business by Stephanie McMahon, the late Fabulous Moolah, Ivory, Beth Phoenix and Pat Patterson. On July 30, multiple superstars from the Mae Young Classic recognized and honored Mae's legacy and life, among them Lita, Jim Ross, Lacey Evans, Mercedes Martinez, Bianca Belair, Marti Belle and Vanessa Borne.

Mae Young Classic
On April 1, 2017, WWE announced that a women's tournament would be taking place in the summer of 2017 at a press conference during the WrestleMania 33 weekend and that there were going to be a total of 32 wrestlers competing.

The tournament was named after Young as an honor to her and it was exclusively for women from both NXT and the independent circuit, it took place on July 13 and 14, 2017, which aired on the WWE Network on August 28 (round 1) and September 4 (round 2, quarterfinals, and semifinals), and the final match aired live on September 12, also on the WWE Network. The finalists of the inaugural tournament were Shayna Baszler and Kairi Sane, with the winner being Sane on September 12.

In 2018, the tournament turned annual as it was announced a second event for the Mae Young Classic. The winner of the 2018 tournament was Toni Storm on October 28, and she was crowned at the first ever all women's pay–per–view WWE Evolution.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Championship Wrestling from Florida
 * NWA Florida Women's Championship (1 time)
 * National Wrestling Alliance
 * NWA United States Women's Championship (1 time)
 * NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship (1 time, inaugural) – with Ella Waldek
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 241 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2006
 * Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2004
 * World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
 * Miss Royal Rumble (1 time)
 * Slammy Award (1 time)
 * Knucklehead Moment of the Year (2010) Defeating LayCool at Old School Raw
 * WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)
 * Other titles
 * California Women's Championship (2 times)

title: Mae Young


text:
Phyllis (mythology)

Phyllis (Ancient Greek: Φυλλίς, "leaves, foliage") is a character in Greek mythology, daughter of a Thracian king (according to some, of Sithon; most other accounts do not give her father's name at all, but one states he is named either Philander, Ciasus, or Thelus ). She marries Demophon, King of Athens and son of Theseus, while he stops in Thrace on his journey home from the Trojan War.

Mythology
Demophon, duty bound to Greece, returns home to help his father, leaving Phyllis behind. She sends him away with a casket, telling him that it contains a sacrament of Rhea and asking him to open it only if he has given up hope of returning to her. From here, the story diverges. In one version, Phyllis realizes that he will not return and commits suicide by hanging herself from a tree. Where she is buried, an almond tree grows, which blossoms when Demophon returns to her. In another version, Demophon opens the casket and, horrified by what he sees inside, rides off in such great haste that his horse stumbles and he accidentally falls on his own sword.

There is also some confusion regarding which nut tree she becomes, as hazelnuts were long called nux Phyllidos, and are still sometimes called "filberts" today. In English, this version goes back at least to Gower, who wrote in Confessio Amantis (ca. 1390): "That Phyllis in the same throwe Was schape into a notetre, That alle men it mihte se, And after Phyllis philliberd This tre was cleped in the yerd, And yit for Demephon to schame Into this dai it berth the name."

- Book 4, Lines 866–72

This story most notably appears in the second poem of Ovid's Heroides, a book of epistolary poems from mythological women to their respective men, and it also appears in the Aitia of Callimachus.

The Nine Ways is derived from the story of Phyllis, who is said to return nine times to the shores to wait for Demophon's return.

"Phyllis" (or "Phillis") is commonly used as a female given name; variants of it are "Phillida" and "Phyllida".

She is also mentioned in the song "I love, alas, I love thee" by Thomas Morley. In this song, she is compared to Amaryllis, who, when she dies, a flower grows from her blood that is shed on the ground. Amaryllis is deemed "more lovely" in the song because while Phyllis' death creates just a nut tree, Amaryllis blooms into an astounding flower that catches the attention of her love, the handsome, strong shepherd Alteo.

Jacob van Eyck (1590–1657), a Dutch nobleman and musician, who worked as a composer, carillon player, organist, and recorder virtuoso, composed several pieces for the recorder that refer to Philis, for example: "Philis schooner Herderin (Philis, Fair Sheperdhess)" and "Philis quam Philander tegen (Philis Met Philander) that are found in recorder books. See, for example, "The Sweet Pipes Recorder, Book Two," by Gerald Burakoff, Paul Clark and William E. Hettrick, Sweet Pipes, Inc.1998.

title: Phyllis (mythology)


text:
Pee Dee

The Pee Dee is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It lies along the lower watershed of the Pee Dee River, which was named after the Pee Dee, an Indigenous tribe historically inhabiting the region.

History
The region was the homeland of the Pee Dee Native Americans, a people who originally occupied the area as part of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture from about 1000 to 1400, leaving some centers for unknown reasons. Today, several nonprofit organizations have been recognized by South Carolina as descendants of the historic Pee Dee, including two state-recognized tribes and one state-recognized group. However, none of these organizations are federally recognized.

There are still pockets of the Pee Dee region where locals play Greenies on Par 5s.

Economy
The region's largest county is Horry. It encompasses the Grand Strand, which includes the beaches running from the North Carolina state border to the Winyah Bay in Georgetown County in South Carolina. On the coast, the economy is dominated by tourism, and features beaches, amusement parks, shopping, fishing, and golf. The area has become a major retirement center in the United States, in part because of its low cost of living, mild weather, and its many golf courses. Inland is a belt featuring rivers, marshes, carolina bays, and sandy rises where forestry is predominant. There are pine plantations and baldcypress timbering. Further inland, on higher ground, but still of only slight relief, is an agricultural belt of cultivation of tobacco, cotton, soybeans and produce.

The region, especially the inland portion, remained mostly rural well into the 20th century. As late as the 1970s, it was still so rural that Florence's second television station, WPDE-TV, obtained a Farmers Home Administration loan to build a studio and tower.

Regional definition
There is no agreed definition on which of South Carolina's counties are included in the region. The region takes its name from the Pee Dee River. The counties in the Pee Dee region are located, either entirely or partially, within the river's watershed.

Always included

 * Chesterfield County
 * Darlington County
 * Dillon County
 * Florence County
 * Marlboro County
 * Marion County

Usually included

 * Horry County
 * Georgetown County
 * Williamsburg County

Rarely included

 * Clarendon County
 * Lee County
 * Sumter County

Politics
The Pee Dee region has remained relatively constant during the first decade of the 21st century in terms of its voting history. The region's voters have been close during the previous four presidential elections, but lean toward the Republican Party. The tilt of the region is primarily due to the numerous Republicans resident in Horry County along the Atlantic coast.

At the congressional level, the region, including the rarely included counties, is located within three congressional districts. The Pee Dee region is mostly contained in South Carolina's 7th congressional district.

Williamsburg, Clarendon, parts of Sumter, and parts of Florence counties are located in the majority-minority 6th district. Lee and the remaining parts of Sumter counties are located in 5th district. The 5th and 6th districts are represented by Republican Ralph Norman and Democrat Jim Clyburn, respectively.

The 7th district was established following the 2010 census. In the 2012 elections, incumbents Mulvaney and Clyburn won re-election. Republican Tom Rice defeated Democrat Gloria Tinubu, both of Horry County, 54.9% to 45.1%, to represent South Carolina's new House seat.

Primary cities
(population figures is from 2020 census estimates)
 * Florence: 39,899
 * Myrtle Beach: 35,682

Cities with a population of at least 5,000

 * Bennettsville: 7,020
 * Cheraw: 5,040
 * Conway: 24,849
 * Darlington: 6,149
 * Dillon: 6,384
 * Georgetown: 8,403
 * Hartsville: 7,446
 * Lake City: 5,903
 * Marion: 6.448
 * North Myrtle Beach: 18,790

4-year colleges

 * Coastal Carolina University- Conway
 * Coker University- Hartsville
 * Francis Marion University- Florence

2-year or specialized colleges

 * Florence-Darlington Technical College-Florence
 * Horry-Georgetown Technical College- Conway
 * Northeastern Technical College- Cheraw
 * Williamsburg Technical College- Kingstree
 * Webster University- Myrtle Beach

Media
The area is served by four commercial broadcast television stations, WBTW CBS 13, WPDE ABC 15, WMBF NBC 32 and WFXB Fox 43, the first two with twin studios at Florence and Myrtle Beach, as well as two educational television stations substations, WHMC-TV, in Conway, South Carolina, and WJPM-TV in Florence, South Carolina

Daily newspapers include The Sun News of Myrtle Beach and The Morning News of Florence. The Georgetown Times is published five times per week.

Major highways

 * Interstate 20
 * Interstate 95
 * Future Interstate 73
 * US Highway 1
 * US Highway 15
 * US Highway 17
 * US Highway 52
 * US Highway 76
 * US Highway 301
 * US Highway 378
 * US Highway 401
 * US Highway 501
 * US Highway 521
 * US Highway 701
 * SC Highway 22
 * SC Highway 31
 * SC Highway 9
 * SC Highway 38
 * SC Highway 41 & SC Highway 41 ALT
 * SC Highway 51
 * SC Highway 145
 * SC Highway 151
 * SC Highway 177
 * SC Highway 261

title: Pee Dee


text:
Lou Grant (TV series)

Lou Grant is an American drama television series starring Ed Asner in the title role as a newspaper editor that aired on CBS from September 20, 1977, to September 13, 1982. The third spin-off (after Rhoda and Phyllis) of the American sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Lou Grant was created by James L. Brooks, Allan Burns, and Gene Reynolds.

Lou Grant won 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series twice. Asner received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1978 and 1980. In doing so, he became the first person to win an Emmy Award for both Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for portraying the same character. Lou Grant also won two Golden Globe Awards, a Peabody Award, an Eddie Award, three awards from the Directors Guild of America, and two Humanitas Prizes.

Summary and setting
Lou Grant works as city editor of the fictional Los Angeles Tribune daily newspaper, a job he takes after being fired from WJM-TV in Minneapolis at the end of the sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show. (Grant mentions several times on Mary Tyler Moore that he had begun his career as a print journalist.)

Given the shift from comedy to drama in this show, Lou becomes a less eccentric character: more diplomatic, sober, and professional. The only other character from the earlier series is a single appearance by Flo Meredith, a veteran journalist (played in three episodes by Eileen Heckart) with whom Lou had a fling.

The rest of the main cast includes: general-assignment reporters Joe Rossi (Robert Walden) and Billie Newman (Linda Kelsey); managing editor Charles Hume (Mason Adams), an old friend of Lou's who has convinced him to move from Minneapolis to Los Angeles; assistant city editor Art Donovan (Jack Bannon); photographer Dennis Price (Daryl Anderson), usually referred to as "Animal"; and widowed, patrician publisher Margaret Jones Pynchon (Nancy Marchand), a character loosely based on a composite of real-life newspaper executives Dorothy Chandler of the Los Angeles Times and Katharine Graham of The Washington Post. Recurring actors who play editors of various departments included Gordon Jump and Emilio Delgado; Peggy McCay has a recurring role as Charlie Hume's wife Marion.

The episodes often have Grant assigning Rossi and Billie to cover news stories, with the plots revealing problems experienced by the people being covered as well as the frustrations and challenges faced by the reporters as they worked to get the story. The younger reporters are frequently seen turning to Lou for guidance and mentorship over some of the hard questions and moral dilemmas they experience as they work on their stories. The series frequently delves into serious social issues, such as nuclear proliferation, mental illness, prostitution, gay rights, domestic violence, capital punishment, child abuse, rape, and chemical pollution, in addition to demonstrating coverage of breaking news stories of all kinds. There is one character on Lou Grant, reporter Rosenthal, who is mentioned frequently but never seen. Lou Grant was cancelled after the star, Ed Asner, publicly protested U.S. interventions into the politics of Latin American countries.

The series also undertakes serious examination of ethical questions in journalism, including plagiarism, checkbook journalism, entrapment of sources, staging news photos, and conflicts of interest that journalists encounter in their work. There are also glimpses into the personal lives of the Tribune staff.

Starring
The following actors were listed in the opening credits:
 * Ed Asner as Lou Grant (city editor)
 * Mason Adams as Charlie Hume (managing editor)
 * Daryl Anderson as Dennis "Animal" Price (photographer)
 * Rebecca Balding as Carla Mardigan (reporter) (episodes 1-3 only)
 * Jack Bannon as Art Donovan (assistant city editor)
 * Linda Kelsey as Billie Newman (reporter) (from episode 4 on)
 * Nancy Marchand as Margaret Jones Pynchon (publisher)
 * Robert Walden as Joe Rossi (reporter)

Recurring cast
The following actors were seen in recurring roles:
 * Sidney Clute as national editor (season 1, from episode 19, to season 4)
 * Emilio Delgado as Ruben Castillo (national editor) (seasons 2-5)
 * Barbara Edelman as Linda (seasons 4-5) (Edelman also frequently appeared in various bit roles, seasons 1-4)
 * Michael Irving as Jayson (newsroom staff)
 * Laurence Haddon as McGrath (foreign editor)
 * Peter Hobbs as George Driscoll (reporter) (seasons 1-4)
 * Gordon Jump as Al (national editor) (season 1, through episode 10)
 * Peggy McCay as Marion Hume
 * Wallace Rooney as Tim Butterfield (security guard) (season 1)
 * Allan Williams as Adam Wilson (assistant foreign editor)

Production
When The Mary Tyler Moore Show ended its run, that series' co-creators and producers, James L. Brooks and Allan Burns, had a commitment to create a new show starring Ed Asner. They decided that it was easier to retain the popular Lou Grant character and make it a spinoff series. Mary Tyler Moore had already established that the character had a previous newspaper career. Brooks and Burns' decision to make the spinoff series a one-hour realistic drama instead of another 30-minute sitcom was influenced by the 1976 film All the President's Men, and how that movie depicted the operation of a major newspaper.

Gene Reynolds, who was producing the TV show M*A*S*H at the same time, was also brought on as a co-creator and executive producer. Reynolds, Brooks and Burns had previously worked on the series Room 222, and Lou Grant made occasional reference to Walt Whitman High School, the setting of Room 222. Gary David Goldberg was a producer for the series. The theme music Lou Grant was composed by Patrick Williams.

Broadcast history
Lou Grant aired on CBS from September 1977 to September 1982. A total of 114 episodes were produced. In the second half of the 1990s, in syndication, the show was carried on cable TV's A&E Network.

Awards
Lou Grant won several critical honors during its run, including 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a Peabody Award, and two Humanitas Prizes.

Asner won two Emmys for his portrayal of Grant; Marchand won an Emmy for "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series" four of the five years the series ran; Walden, Kelsey, and Adams all received multiple nominations for supporting Emmys.

Cancellation
The cancellation of Lou Grant in 1982 was controversial. Asner served two terms as president of the Screen Actors Guild, during which he voiced opposition to U.S. government policy in Central America and worked closely with Medical Aid for El Salvador. Up until his death in 2021, Asner consistently stated his position that his political views, as well as the publicity they attracted, were the root causes of the cancellation of the show. CBS denied that the cancellation had anything to do with Asner's politics, citing a fall in ratings for the last two seasons. The show's ratings had fallen from an average 19.6 rating over the previous three seasons to 16.6 in its final year, finishing the season 43rd among primetime network series.

Home media
Shout! Factory has released all five seasons on DVD in Region 1.

title: Lou Grant (TV series)


text:
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March 2010
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April 2010
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Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Temple Mount. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Jusdafax  13:45, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

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September 2010
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you may be blocked from editing. Sandahl (talk) 20:30, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page 74. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Qwyrxian (talk) 12:58, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Oswego, New York. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. – iride scent  12:59, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

This is the final warning that you will receive regarding your disruptive edits, such as this edit you made to Riderless horse. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing without  further notice. DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 13:01, 20 September 2010 (UTC) To edit, please create an account and log in

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December 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Wikipedia. When removing content, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the content has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Lerd the nerd wiki defender  14:53, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

January 2011
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Vlad III the Impaler. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --  T H F S W  (T · C · E) 18:21, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at United States Coast Guard, you may be blocked from editing. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Vrenator (talk) 15:15, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

February 2011
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Chinese Revolution (1949). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Minima c  ( talk ) 12:59, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
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This is your last warning; the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Chinese Revolution (1949), you may be blocked from editing without further notice. PatGallacher (talk) 13:04, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

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March 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Talk:Pluto has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Jojhutton (talk) 17:53, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. As the last final warning was nearly a month ago I will not try to get you blocked immediately, but your general persistent disruptive editing merits a further final warning. PatGallacher (talk) 19:47, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

April 2011
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May 2011
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September 2011
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Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to English, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Thank you. Vrenator (talk) 14:37, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

November 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Legalism (Chinese philosophy) with this edit. When removing content, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the content has been restored, as you can see from the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)&action=history page history]. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. DVdm (talk) 15:10, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Shang Yang , you may be blocked from editing. Joja lozzo  00:23, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Dialect, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Joja lozzo  00:24, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

January 2012
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FEBRUARY 2012
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. -- Ed (Edgar181) 17:29, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

February 2013
Hello, I'm Torreslfchero. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made to War crime, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Torreslfchero (talk) 13:45, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

March 2013
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.King Jakob  C2 12:46, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Uglies with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 12:46, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Uglies. Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 12:47, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

April 2014
Hello, I'm MusikAnimal. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Shirō Asano (politician), because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. — MusikAnimal talk 15:11, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Shirō Asano (politician) with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. Daonguyen95 (talk) 15:12, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Linen, you may be blocked from editing. Abce2 (talk) 15:44, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
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May 2016
Hello, I'm Serols. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Robert Ripley— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Serols (talk) 15:37, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:170.158.96.99


text:
Hornsby Shire

Hornsby Shire is a local government area situated on the Upper North Shore as well as parts of the Hills District, of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The shire stretches from the M2 Hills Motorway in the south to the Hawkesbury River town of Wisemans Ferry, some 53 km to the north, making it the largest local government council in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan region by total area. As of the the shire had an estimated population of 142,667.

The mayor of Hornsby Shire is Cr Philip Ruddock, a member of the Liberal Party, who was elected on 9 September 2017.

Suburbs and localities in the local government area
Suburbs in the Hornsby Shire include: • Arcadia

• Asquith

• Beecroft (shared with City of Parramatta Council)

• Berowra

• Berowra Heights

• Berrilee

• Brooklyn

• Calabash

• Castle Hill (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Cheltenham

• Cherrybrook

• Cowan

• Canoelands

• Dangar Island

• Dural

• Fiddletown

• Galston

• Glenorie

• Glenhaven

• Hornsby

• Hornsby Heights

• Laughtondale

• Maroota

• Middle Dural

• Mount Colah

• Mount Kuring-gai

• Normanhurst

• North Epping

• Pennant Hills

• Singletons Mill

• Thornleigh

• Wahroonga (shared with Ku-ring-gai Council)

• Waitara

• Westleigh

• West Pennant Hills (shared with The Hills Shire) Towns and localities in the Hornsby Shire are: • Arcadia

• Berrilee

• Bobbin Head

• Canoelands

• Dangar Island

• Dural (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Fiddletown

• Fishermans Point

• Forest Glen

• Galston

• Glenhaven (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Glenorie (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Hookhams Corner

• Laughtondale

• Maroota (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Middle Dural (shared with The Hills Shire)

• Milsons Passage

• Roselea

• Round Corner

• Singletons Mill

• Thompsons Corner

• Wisemans Ferry (shared with Central Coast Council, City of Hawkesbury and The Hills Shire)

• Rogans Hill

Demographics
At the, there were 142,667 people in the Hornsby local government area, of these 48.8 per cent were male and 51.2 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.5 per cent of the population; significantly below the NSW and Australian averages of 2.9 and 2.8 per cent respectively. The median age of people in the Hornsby Shire was 40 years; slightly higher than the national median of 38 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 19.5 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.2 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 58.8 per cent were married and 8.2 per cent were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the Hornsby Shire between the and the  was 4.58 per cent and in the subsequent five years to the, population growth was 3.65 per cent. At the 2016 census, the population in the Shire decreased by 9.04 per cent brought about predominately by an adjustment in local government boundaries. The median weekly income for residents within the Hornsby Shire was higher than the national average. As of the 2021 Census, reflecting a national change in opinion towards religion, the amount of non-religious people increased to 36.0% from 28.9% recorded at the previous Census in 2016.

Current composition and election method
Hornsby Shire Council is composed of ten councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is directly elected while the nine other councillors are elected proportionally as three separate wards, each electing three councillors. The most recent election was held on 4 December 2021, and the makeup of the council, including the mayor, is as follows:

The current Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

History
Hornsby Shire is the traditional lands occupied by the Darug and Kuringgai peoples of indigenous Australians. While the northern part of the Shire via the Hawkesbury River was visited by the first European settlers in late 1788, due to the Shire's rugged landscape permanent European settlement did not begin until almost half a century later.

Hornsby Shire got its name from the town of Hornsby at the eastern end of the Shire, is derived from convict-turned-Constable Samuel Horne, who earned distinction by capturing bushrangers Dalton and MacNamara on 22 June 1830. In return he was granted land in the locality known as "Hornsby Place".

Hornsby Shire has remained largely rural for many decades. The construction of the Main North railway line in the 1880s opened up the Shire to the rest of Sydney and also to Newcastle, but it was not until motor vehicles became commonplace in the 1950s that the southern part of the Shire truly became part of Sydney's suburbia. The Shire was incorporated as a local government authority on 6 March 1906.

A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that Hornsby Shire merge with adjoining councils. The government considered two proposals. The first proposed a merger of part of Hornsby with the Ku-ring-gai Council to form a new council with an area of 540 km2 and support a population of approximately 270,000. The second proposed a merger of parts of Parramatta, Auburn, The Hills, Hornsby, and Holroyd to form a new council with an area of 82 km2 and support a population of approximately 215,725. The outcome of the review was that the suburbs of Hornsby Shire Council south of the M2 joined an expanded Parramatta City Council. The NSW Government also gave in principle support for the Hornsby Shire suburbs north of the M2 to amalgamate with Ku-ring-gai Council. In July 2017, the Berejiklian government decided to abandon the forced merger of the Hornsby and Ku-ring-gai local government areas, along with several other proposed forced mergers. This failed merger resulted in the council losing lucrative area south of the M2 including Epping and Carlingford.

Heritage listings
The Hornsby Shire has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Brooklyn, Main Northern railway: Hawkesbury River railway station
 * Cheltenham, 67 Cobran Road: Ahimsa, Cheltenham
 * Galston, 161 Main Road: Tunks Creek Bridge
 * Galston, 11 School Road: Galston Congregational Church Pipe Organ
 * Hornsby, 2a Manor Road (Rosamond Street): Mount Wilga House
 * Hornsby, Old Man's Valley, off Quarry Road: Old Man's Valley Cemetery
 * Normanhurst, 82-84 Pennant Hills Road: Gilligaloola
 * Wahroonga, 9 Highlands Avenue: Highlands

Geography
Hornsby calls itself the 'Bushland Shire'. This is in reference to its location on a high ridge separating two expansive areas of natural bushland which consists of up to 70% of the total area: The Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park on the eastern side and the Berowra Valley Regional Park on the western side. These provide large areas of natural parkland that form a green belt running from Sydney at the south to the Hawkesbury River at the Shire's northern end. These parks are extremely popular with day-trippers from all areas of Sydney and provides diverse recreations such as bushwalking and boating.

The northern half of Hornsby Shire remains a semi-rural area, retaining a number of farmlands and market gardens. This area consists of small village settlements such as Mount Colah and Hornsby Heights. The village of Galston is the centre of this rural area.

The western part of the shire shares a 53 km border with The Hills Shire and is separated from the rest of the Shire by national parks and the Galston Gorge.

The southern half of the Shire is urban, forming part of Sydney's suburbia on the North Shore and Northern Suburbs. Traditionally most of the Shire's residents live in free-standing houses, but in recent years a number of semi-detached housings as well as high-density apartments have appeared around Hornsby's central business district.

The Shire has several areas with industrial activity including Hornsby, Asquith and Thornleigh. The major commercial centres of the Shire, apart from Hornsby's central business district, are the suburbs of Pennant Hills and North Epping.

Local attractions in the Hornsby Shire include its easily accessible wilderness areas including part of the Great North Walk, parkland recreational facilities such as Fagan Park at Galston, Pennant Hills Park, Koala Park Sanctuary in West Pennant Hills, and the village of Brooklyn on the Hawkesbury River.

Hornsby Shire has four public libraries (at Hornsby, Pennant Hills, Berowra and Galston, two public swimming pools ("Aquatic Centres"), and a range of other sporting and community facilities.

title: Hornsby Shire