text:
Ray Guy

William Ray Guy (December 22, 1949 – November 3, 2022) was an American professional football punter who played for the Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Guy was a first-team All-American selection in 1972 as a senior for the Southern Miss Golden Eagles, and is the only pure punter ever to be drafted in the first round of the NFL draft, when the Raiders selected him with the 23rd overall pick in the 1973 NFL draft. He won three Super Bowls with the Raiders. Guy was elected to both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014. An eight-time All-Pro, Guy is widely considered to be the greatest punter of all-time.

With his induction to the Hall of Fame on August 2, 2014, he became the first pure punter to be so honored.

Early life
Guy attended Thomson High School in Thomson, Georgia, where he was a four-sport star. Playing quarterback, safety, linebacker, and tailback, aside from kicking and punting duties, Guy led Thomson to the Georgia Class A state football championships in 1967 and 1968. Guy averaged 49.7 yards per punt in 1968. Playing basketball, Guy scored 39 points in a Thomson basketball game the day after the 1968 state championship football game, with no practice. In baseball, Guy pitched a 15-inning scoreless game for Thomson in the state playoff semifinals in 1969. He was also a member of the track team.

College career
Guy was both a punter and a placekicker at the University of Southern Mississippi, once kicking a then-NCAA record 61-yard field goal in a snowstorm during a game in Utah. In 1972, he kicked a 93-yard punt in a game against the University of Mississippi. He led the nation with an average of 46.2 yards per punt, earning him first-team All-American honors from the Football Writers Association of America. After his senior season, Guy was named most valuable player of the 1972 Chicago College All-Star Game, in which an all-star team of college seniors played the current Super Bowl champion. His career average of 44.7 yards per punt is still a school record. He was also a starting safety at Southern Miss; during his senior season, he set a single-season school record with eight interceptions and was named an All-American defensive back by the Walter Camp Football Foundation.

Guy continued playing baseball at Southern Miss, striking out 266 in 200 innings and pitching a no-hitter.

Professional career
Guy was the first punter ever to be selected in the first round in the NFL draft, when the Oakland Raiders selected him with the 23rd overall pick of the 1973 draft.

In his career as a punter, Guy played his entire career with the Raiders and was selected to seven Pro Bowl teams, including six in a row from 1973 to 1978. He was named as the punter on the NFL's 75th and 100th anniversary teams. His trademark was kicking punts that stayed in the air for long periods of time. His punts frequently left opposing offenses pinned deep in their end of the field; by the time opposing punt returners fielded a Guy punt, the Raiders had the field covered so well that a return was impossible. Pro Football Hall of Fame historian Joe Horrigan once said of Guy, "He's the first punter you could look at and say: 'He won games.'"

In Super Bowl XVIII, Guy punted seven times for 299 yards (42.7 average), with 244 net yards (34.8 average). Five of his punts pinned the Washington Redskins inside their own 20. Due in part to his effective punting, the Los Angeles Raiders easily won the game, 38–9.

After a 1977 game against Houston, Oilers coach Bum Phillips accused Guy of using footballs illegally inflated with helium. Houston returner Billy Johnson stated that he had "never seen anyone hang kickoffs like Guy did", and that the ball was "hanging up there too long". Additionally, the Raiders had used a new ball for every punt, adding to the Oilers' suspicions. Phillips said after the game that he would send the ball to Rice University for testing. Guy punted three times for 107 yards in the game, significantly less than his career average.

During his career, Guy was also the Raiders' emergency quarterback. He also handled kickoffs in the first five years of his career.

In his 14-year career, Guy:
 * Played in 207 consecutive games
 * Punted 1,049 times for 44,493 yards, averaging 42.4 yards per punt, with a 33.8 net yards average
 * Had 210 punts inside the 20-yard line (not counting his first 3 seasons, when the NFL did not keep track of this stat), with just 128 touchbacks
 * Led the NFL in gross yards per punt three times
 * Had a streak of 619 consecutive punts before having one blocked
 * Has a record of 111 career punts in postseason games

Hall of Fame
Guy was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a member of the class of 2014 on August 2, 2014. For many years before his induction, he was considered one of the most worthy players who had not yet been selected for the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was the first punter enshrined in the Hall of Fame, and as of 2024, is still the only player at his position in the Hall. In his enshrinement speech, he proudly proclaimed, "Now the Hall of Fame has a complete team."

Guy was inducted into both the Mississippi and Georgia Sports Halls of Fame, the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, the National High School Sports Hall of Fame, and the College Football Hall of Fame.

Ray Guy Award
In 2000, the Greater Augusta Sports Council instituted the Ray Guy Award, to be awarded to the nation's best collegiate punter.

Pro kicking camps
In 2005, Guy helped organize and participated in two-day kicking camps, held throughout the United States, for high school punters, placekickers, and long snappers.

Personal life and death
Guy was married to Beverly Guy. The couple had two children, Ryan and Amber.

In 2011, Guy filed for bankruptcy and auctioned his three Super Bowl rings to help pay his debts. The auction of the rings brought in $96,216, exceeding the upper estimate of $90,000.

After a lengthy illness, Guy died on November 3, 2022, in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, at age 72. The cause was advanced-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

title: Ray Guy


text: Category:Icelandic weightlifters

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Icelandic weightlifters


text: Category:Weightlifters by nationality

title: Category:Weightlifters by nationality


text: Category:Icelandic sportspeople

title: Category:Icelandic sportspeople


text:
Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam

Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam (Ambedkar People Movement) is a political movement in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu working for the upliftment of Dalits. The founder of AMI was Dr. V. Balasundaram. Dr.Vai. Balasundaram formed 'Ambedkar People Movement' in 1977 in a ceremony held at Rajaji Hall, Chennai, in the esteemed presence of Mr. Prabhudas Patwari, Hon’ble then Governor of Tamil Nadu.Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam is constantly fighting for social welfare, equality, human rights, women welfare, Panchami Land recovery and educational upliftment. After demise of Vai Balasundaram, his brother Vai Ramalingam was elected as president for the party in the general body meeting held at Pudukkottai on 25 January 2020. In that same general body meeting Ilamurugu Muthu was elected as President for the party. Ambedkar Makkal Iyakka president Ilamurugu Muthu met Tamil Nadu DGP C. Sylendra Babu and raised a complaint against Rathnakumar and Chitra Lakshmanan for the controversy talk about maestro Ilaiyaraaja

title: Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam


text:
Barbary Coast (disambiguation)

Barbary Coast is the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to the coastal regions of what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.

Barbary Coast may also refer to:

Places

 * Barbary Coast, San Francisco
 * Barbary Coast Trail, a walking tour in San Francisco, California
 * Barbary Coast Lounge, a former nightclub in Portland, Oregon
 * Lincoln Park, Newark, also called the Barbary Coast
 * The Cromwell Las Vegas, formerly known as the Barbary Coast Hotel and Casino

Media

 * Barbary Coast (film), a 1935 movie directed by Howard Hawks
 * Barbary Coast (musical), a 1978 musical
 * Barbary Coast (TV series), a made-for-TV movie and subsequent television show starring William Shatner
 * "Barbary Coast", an instrumental composition by Jaco Pastorius on the album Black Market
 * Barbary Coast, part two of the graphic novel The Big Ride as part of The Boys comic book series
 * "Barbary Coast" (The Boys), the television episode adaptation of this arc

title: Barbary Coast (disambiguation)


text: User talk:82.123.213.220

title: User talk:82.123.213.220


text: Category:Italian comics artists

title: Category:Italian comics artists


text: User talk:202.161.100.174

title: User talk:202.161.100.174


text: Category:Comics artists by nationality

title: Category:Comics artists by nationality


text: Category:Mexican cartoonists

title: Category:Mexican cartoonists


text:
Category:Mexican comics artists

es:Categoría:Historietistas de México

title: Category:Mexican comics artists


text: Category:Navarro County, Texas

title: Category:Navarro County, Texas


text: Category:British comics artists

title: Category:British comics artists


text: Category:British comics writers

title: Category:British comics writers


text:
List of mathematical societies

This article provides a list of mathematical societies.

International

 * African Mathematical Union
 * Association for Women in Mathematics
 * Circolo Matematico di Palermo
 * European Mathematical Society
 * European Women in Mathematics
 * Foundations of Computational Mathematics
 * International Association for Cryptologic Research
 * International Association of Mathematical Physics
 * International Linear Algebra Society
 * International Mathematical Union
 * International Statistical Institute
 * International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation
 * International Society for Mathematical Sciences
 * Kurt Gödel Society
 * Mathematical Council of the Americas (MCofA)
 * Mathematical Society of South Eastern Europe (MASSEE)
 * Mathematical Optimization Society
 * Maths Society
 * Ramanujan Mathematical Society
 * Quaternion Society
 * Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
 * Southeast Asian Mathematical Society (SEAMS)
 * Spectra (mathematical association)
 * Unión Matemática de América Latina y el Caribe (UMALCA)
 * Young Mathematicians Network

Honor societies

 * Kappa Mu Epsilon
 * Mu Alpha Theta
 * Pi Mu Epsilon

National and subnational
Arranged as follows: Society name in English (Society name in home-language; Abbreviation if used), Country and/or subregion/city if not specified in name.

This list is sorted by continent.

Africa

 * Algeria Mathematical Society

 * Gabon Mathematical Society
 * South African Mathematical Society

Asia

 * Bangladesh Mathematical Society

 * Calcutta Mathematical Society (CalMathSoc), Kolkata, India
 * Chinese Mathematical Society

 * Indian Mathematical Society
 * Iranian Mathematical Society
 * Israel Mathematical Union
 * Jadavpur University Mathematical Society (JMS), Jadavpur, India
 * Kerala Mathematical Association, Kerala State, India
 * Korean Mathematical Society, South Korea
 * Mathematical Society of Japan
 * Mathematical Society of the Philippines
 * Pakistan Mathematical Society
 * Turkish Mathematical Society

Europe

 * Albanian Mathematical Association
 * Armenian Mathematical Union

 * Austrian Mathematical Society (Österreichische Mathematische Gesellschaft; ÖMG)
 * Trinity Mathematical Society, Cambridge, UK
 * Cyprus Mathematical Society
 * Danish Mathematical Society
 * French Mathematical Society (Société Mathématique de France; SMF)
 * Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik; GAMM), Germany
 * German Mathematical Society (Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung; DMV)
 * Hellenic Mathematical Society (Ελληνική Μαθηματική Εταιρεία; EME)
 * Icelandic Mathematical Society
 * Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, UK
 * Irish Mathematical Society
 * Italian Mathematical Union
 * János Bolyai Mathematical Society, Hungary
 * Kharkov Mathematical Society, Kharkiv, Ukraine
 * Latvian Mathematical Society
 * London Mathematical Society, London, UK
 * Luxembourg Mathematical Society
 * Malta Mathematical Society
 * Mathematical Association, UK
 * Moscow Mathematical Society, Moscow, Russia
 * Norwegian Mathematical Society
 * Norwegian Statistical Association
 * Polish Mathematical Society
 * Portuguese Mathematical Society
 * Royal Dutch Mathematical Society
 * Royal Spanish Mathematical Society (Real Sociedad Matemática Española)
 * Royal Statistical Society, UK
 * Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research
 * Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia (Društvo Matematikov Fizikov in Astronomov Slovenije, DMFA)
 * St. Petersburg Mathematical Society, St. Petersburg, Russia
 * Swiss Mathematical Society

North America

 * American Mathematical Society
 * Canadian Mathematical Society
 * Mathematical Association of America
 * National Association of Mathematicians, US
 * Sociedad Matemática Mexicana (SMM), Mexico

Central America

 * Asociación Matemática Hondureña (ASOMATH), Honduras
 * Sociedad Cubana de Matemática y Computación (SCMC), Cuba

South America

 * Asociación Argentina de Matemática Aplicada Computacional e Industrial (ASAMACI)
 * Asociación Matemática Venezolana (AMV), Venezuela
 * Brazilian Mathematical Society
 * Sociedad Boliviana de Matemáticas (SOBOLMAT), Bolivia
 * Sociedad Colombiana de Matemáticas (SCM), Colombia
 * Sociedad de Matemática de Chile (SOMACHI), Chile
 * Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Matemática (SEDEM), Ecuador
 * Sociedad Matemática Paraguaya, Paraguay
 * Unión Matématica Argentina (UMA)

Oceania

 * Australian Mathematical Society
 * New Zealand Mathematical Society

title: List of mathematical societies


text: Category:American cartoonists

title: Category:American cartoonists


text:
Porter Ranch, Los Angeles

Porter Ranch is a suburban neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles, in the northwest portion of the San Fernando Valley.

History
The new home construction that was completed in the Porter Ranch area in the 1990s–2000s, including the Renaissance Summit development, was mired in controversy and Los Angeles politics in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This largely undeveloped area on the very edge of the San Fernando Valley slated for a master-planned $2 billion real estate and commercial development was opposed by the "slow growth" movement, which was gaining traction through a combination of ballot initiatives and court cases along with growing environmental concerns as L.A. at the time was experiencing multiple environmental and infrastructure problems related to the previous decades rapid expansion, in terms of air quality, sewage capacity, and flood control. More locally, this combined with the more "nimby" type sentiment of existing and nearby residents of the Porter Ranch area who feared the increased traffic that would be brought by the planned building of an area commercial complex to service the new homes being built. Developments were also criticized for destroying the natural beauty of the brush and wild areas that inhabited the space before the houses were built.

However, Shapell Homes, a company founded by Nathan Shapell, a major Los Angeles builder, brought together powerful Los Angeles political figures to support the new home building.

Aliso Canyon Bridge
In the late 80s, there was an attempt to connect Sesnon Boulevard, the road that flanks the north side of the neighborhood, to its counterpart across the Aliso Canyon, also named Sesnon, via a bridge to be named simply, the "Aliso Canyon Bridge". This plan never came to fruition due to demonstrations from the residents of Porter Ranch, the primary opponents of the bridge, who believed that connecting the road to the neighborhood across the canyon would bring "crime...drag racing, and drug dealing". Residents were also afraid of Sesnon becoming "a [highway] 118 alternate route", which would "send many cars through Porter Ranch".

Proponents of the bridge said that there was a "critical need" to build a bridge because "the city of Los Angeles has installed heavy-duty guard rails to stop any vehicle that is out of control as it moves east at Beaufait. There is a much smaller rail 200 feet farther east...however, the first guard rail is usually partially broken because of out-of-control vehicles hitting it. Before it can be repaired, there is almost no protection to prevent a vehicle from falling into Aliso Canyon. Additionally, if a vehicle heading west on Sesnon becomes lost, there is no barrier to prevent it from falling into this deep canyon." Despite the proponents' argument about the severity of the situation, the bridge was never built.

There is still evidence of the bridge seen from Sesnon heading east towards the canyon, the road (which is now closed off behind multiple guard rails) is visible heading towards the canyon just short of the bridge, and the counterpart is still visible on the west-bound side.

Aliso Canyon oil well fire
A company of Texas oil well firefighters, headed by the legendary Paul “Red” Adair, came to Oat Mountain and stopped a 1968 blaze after six days.

Gas blowout
On October 23, 2015, Southern California Gas Company workers discovered a leak in one of the over 110 wells at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, about one mile north of homes in Porter Ranch. The gas blowout began spewing 110,000 pounds of methane per hour. The blowout involved gas stored under pressure in an underground reservoir; the stored gas included mercaptan (tert-Butylthiol), an odorant added to the odorless natural gas to produce a "rotten egg" smell for safety. The California Air Resources Board estimated that the leak increased California's methane gas emissions by 25%.

By order of the Los Angeles County Dept of Health, the company relocated thousands of families from the Porter Ranch area; the Federal Aviation Administration established a temporary flight restriction over the leak site until March 2016. On December 15, the county of Los Angeles declared a state of emergency, and two days later it approved a plan to close two schools in the area. Officials estimated that the leak would take months to repair.

On January 11, 2016 Mitchell Englander, the LA City Councilman representing Porter Ranch, said "Most people weren't aware that one of the largest gas storage facilities in the United States was in their backyard. There was, from what we're hearing, no disclosure when they bought their homes."

On February 18, 2016, state officials announced that the leak was permanently plugged.

On March 12, 2016, Los Angeles County Public Health Department officials say its test of dust in Porter Ranch homes turned up the presence of metals, including barium, that could have caused the kinds of health symptoms some residents have reported experiencing even after the big gas blowout was plugged.

Clampette fire
Sept. 25, 1970 this fire made a one-day 20 mile run to the sea in Malibu from Newhall pass. This fire was the most destructive to date both in loss of property and life. One fatality was in Porter Ranch; there were four deaths total. The Porter Ranch death occurred as a homeowner tried to drive up Tampa through the flames to get to his family at the family home above the ridge (near Sesnon). Note that Tampa was abutted by brush on both sides north of Rinadi until you pass the ridge. It merged with two other fires. This event was part one of the event nicknamed "Shake and Bake", a combination of wildfire and earthquake. The fire burned along Rinaldi, crossing Rinadi just west of Reseda Blvd. A hill just northeast of Reseda/Renadi was named Cherry Hill after its grasses caused the hill to glow like a cherry.

1971 Sylmar quake
This quake had a major impact on Porter Ranch, on the northwest portion along San Fernando Mission Blvd pools were half emptied, many block walls fell over, the area was without running water for a couple of weeks. Many of the homes floor joists were not bolted to the pylons underneath, causing remediation. A major aftershock was on a fault in Porter Ranch. Note: there were no issues with the Aliso Cyn oil field.

1988 brush fire
About 5:00 am a brush fire propelled by 70 mph Santa Anna winds crossed Aliso Creek and destroyed 13 homes and damaged 23 mostly on Beaufait Avenue. The use of wood roof shingles was blamed for the enhanced level of destruction of the fire. Many residents fended off flames on their house roofs with garden hoses. The fire consumed 3,000 acres and $10 million (1988) in damages.

2019 wildfire
On October 10, 2019, the Saddleridge Fire broke out in the nearby community of Sylmar due to an electrical power line short circuit. Despite efforts to control the fire, the blaze spread to Porter Ranch within a few hours, forcing the entire community to evacuate while burning some of the homes in the eastern part of the neighborhood. During these fires the skies were gray with ashes falling from the sky, and schools were closed for a few days due to the poor air quality and floating debris.

Geography
The neighborhood is bounded by Brown's Canyon/Chatsworth on the south and west, Northridge on the south, and Granada Hills on the northeast and east. The Santa Susana Mountains, which separate the San Fernando and Santa Clarita valleys, lie to the north. The principal thoroughfares are Mason Ave., Corbin Ave., Porter Ranch Drive, Tampa Ave. and Reseda Blvd., running north–south, and Sesnon Blvd., Rinaldi St. and the Ronald Reagan Freeway (State Route 118), running east and west. The Porter Ranch ZIP code is 91326.

Porter Ranch is in the hilly northwestern tip of the San Fernando Valley, where, according to a 2008 Los Angeles Times article, it was a "calm outpost of Los Angeles" that attracted residents "seeking sanctuary from the urban hubbub." It was noted that the neighborhood had "some of the cleanest air in the Valley year-around—some of which is attributable to winds that sweep through the community regularly." Nevertheless, "those same winds, which have been clocked at 70 mph, take down trees and holiday lights." * Renaissance Summit is a neighborhood at the highest point of Porter Ranch.

Brief history (1960–1980)
Porter Ranch community started as a housing tract in the community of Northridge. This was along San Fernando Mission Blvd west of Reseda Blvd circa 1960–1963. No homes were north of Rinaldi except for a few dozen above "the ridge", where there was a 7/11 which was a destination for determined kids who like to hike or ride bikes up Tampa. These homes were only accessible via Tampa. Approximately 50 homes of the original tract was destroyed north of San Fernando Mission Blvd to build the 118 freeway. In the 1970/1971 "shake and bake" three merging fires from Indian Dunes to the Ocean in Malibu, surrounding Simi Valley. The fall 1970 fire crossed Rinaldi west of Reseda Blvd. The largest hill just northeast of Reseda/Rinaldi was thereafter called "cherry hill" as it glowed like a cherry as its tall grasses burned. Undeveloped areas south of Rinaldi were substantially feral orange groves, north of Rinaldi was all grasslands. Kids would ride dirt bikes and motorcycles on the many trails in the grasslands and orange groves. Popular with the kids was "the secret of the three trees" visible on top of Oat Mountain. Kids would leave from Rinaldi hiking to the "three trees", the secret was a fourth tree behind out of sight. It was not unusual to have teen parties complete with rock band (using a generator) in the canyon just west of Tampa Ave.

Prior to "Devonshire Division" of LAPD, Van Nuys division was the closest station. It was not unusual for police response to be 45 minutes. Shortly after the McDonalds on Reseda just north of Devonshire was robbed and an LAPD officer responding was killed, Devonshire Division was opened in a storefront in Granada Hills

Demographics
According to the U.S. Census in 2000, the population was 24,923. Based on the Los Angeles Department of City Planning estimates, the population was 30,571 in 2008.

With a population density of 4,462 people per square mile (1,723/km2), Porter Ranch is among the lowest-density neighborhoods of Los Angeles, but average for Los Angeles County as a whole.

Ethnic makeup
According to Mapping L.A. of the Los Angeles Times, Porter Ranch was "moderately diverse". The figures were 60.9% White, 26.8% Asian, 7.5% Latino, 1.8% Black and 3.0% other races.

A total of 8,385 (33.6%) of residents were foreign born, about average for both the city of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County. Korea (21.4%) and Philippines (9.3%) were the most common foreign places of birth.

Household makeup
Average household size was three people, about the same as the rest of the city and county. Of the housing units in Porter Ranch, 71.8% were occupied by homeowners, while 28.2% were occupied by renters.

Local
Los Angeles Fire Department Station 8 and Station 28 are in the area.

Los Angeles Police Department operates from the nearby Devonshire Police Station.

County, state and federal
Porter Ranch is located in California's 27th congressional district, which is represented by Republican Mike Garcia.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pacoima Health Center in Pacoima, serving Porter Ranch.

Porter Ranch is located in Los Angeles City Council District 12, currently represented by John Lee. It also is represented by the Porter Ranch Neighborhood Council.

The United States Postal Service Ranch Post Office is located at 19300 Rinaldi Street.

Education
Fifty-one percent of Porter Ranch residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high percentage for the city.

Schools
Schools within the Porter Ranch boundaries are:

Public

 * Castlebay Lane Charter School, 19010 Castlebay Lane
 * Porter Ranch Community School, 12450 Mason Avenue

Libraries
Los Angeles Public Library operates a branch library within the community.

Parks and recreation
Palisades Park is an unstaffed park in Porter Ranch. Others include Aliso Canyon Park, Rinaldi Park, Viking Park, Porter Ridge Park, Limekiln Canyon Park, Moonshine Canyon Park, and Holleigh Bernson Memorial Park. Porter Ridge Park was a filming location of the movie E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). In March 2022, the Los Angeles City Council backed a proposal to officially change the park's name to "E.T. Park" as it is commonly referred to by locals.

Notable people

 * Robert M. Wilkinson (1921–2010), Los Angeles City Council member and Porter Ranch lobbyist
 * Hal Bernson, Los Angeles City Council member, 1979–2003, when Porter Ranch development was approved
 * Rin Keys, rhythmic gymnast
 * Lori Nelson (1933–2020), film and TV actress, mostly active in the 1950s and early 60s, died in her Porter Ranch home.
 * Tee Grizzley, hip hop artist
 * Alex Padilla, United States Senator

Shopping in Porter Ranch
Porter Ranch is home to number of retail and commercial centers as planned by the Porter Ranch specific plan that was adopted in 1989. With the recent developments being the Vineyards at Porter Ranch, built in 2019 and The Porter Ranch Town Center that opened in 1999.

title: Porter Ranch, Los Angeles


text: Category:American comics artists

title: Category:American comics artists


text:
Talk:Mad Max (film)

Mad Max Renegade (2011)
Can't see anything in this article about "Mad Max Renegade (2011)" and it seems to be also part of this franchise... Is this an omission or this movie is for some reason purposely not included in the article? Here's the IMDB link:

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2011110

Aenchevich (talk) 19:03, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

 * It's a short, fan-made movie. As such, it's not an official part of cannon, but it might be notable enough to mention in the franchise page. There's just not a lot of quote-able information on it out there. Ommnomnomgulp (talk) 00:21, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

Vandalism
Anyone else notice an increase in Vandalism on this page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ohwtf (talk • contribs) 02:52, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Science fiction?
The wrong genre. This is not science fiction. --Wetman 10:54, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It is set in the future, but I gather you feel that is not enough to count as science fiction. Would Waterworld count as sci-fi though?--ZayZayEM 02:10, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * In 'Waterworld', Costner's character had evolved "gills".   Thats science fiction.  Nothing of that kind in Mad Max.Eregli bob (talk) 07:48, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

I think it would certainly be considered 'speculative fiction'. Cnwb 05:55, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"Some consider Mad Max 2 (The Road Warrior) to be a retreatment of the original premise, using similar themes, characters and images, rather than a true sequel." Who says that? The two movies are not that much alike. I'd consider Roadwarrior to have more in common with Beyond Thunderdome. This is certainly nothing like Evil Dead and Evil Dead 2. Besides, a studio making a sequel that's as much like the original as possible is far from unique, and many better examples exist. Also, I though I heard that the first Mad Max movie was not supposed to be post-apocalyptic, just set in a rather chaotic future, and the post-apocalyptic concept emerged for the sequels. Anyone know if they're any truth to that? -R. fiend 21:12, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I am in agreement with R. fiend. This sounds highly POV. Watching the two movies together just doesn't match this description. If the wiki member who entered it can give examples of critics etc who state this I will be happy to eat crow (er, I guess it would be roadkill crow in this case) and put it back in.MarnetteD | Talk 19:11, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This first film in the trilogy is most definitely -not- (if we treat it as one film outside of any influence from the next two) post-apoc. It is futuristic, chaotic. "Thinking it back" from RW and MM:BT to make it seem post-apoc is shabby POV. Ranieldule 22:02, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * R. fiend said "Anyone know if they're any truth to that?"    Yes - the paperback edition of the Beyond Thunderdome screenplay mentioned "the war" or "the bomb" happening a few weeks after Max "headed out for the wasteland," indicating between MM and RW. Jimmylogan0916 11:57, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Its Speculative fiction, which can include Science Fiction Alastairward 09:36, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * On the subject of whether it's post-apocalyptic, at around 1:35 on the commentary track, cinematographer David Eggby says of the visuals, "it was all about desolation and, not so much post-apocalyptic, but certainly in the future less inviting and more desolate than today." Hypnosifl 05:06, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

MM1 was a society crumbling and based on a world which was facing a major oil shortage (The novels explain it a bit better).

MM2 wars had broken out (the war was over oil), as shown and explained in the opening montage given by the leader of the "great northern tribe". Though there was never any inferance of nuclear war, one could assume it given the lack of working "technology"... no radio, tv etc... the lack of regular clothes and cars etc...

MM3 only confims it, with the reference to the "poxyclip" given by the annoying kids, the guy who is selling water at the start, who max runs a gieger counter over him and he says... "whats a little fall-out" and then the end where we see the remains of Sydney, minus the ocean! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.62.51 (talk) 11:34, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

There is the reference to 'high radiation' areas in MM1, which would indicate it too was post-nuclear. Australia was widely surmised at the time to escape a nuclear war relatively unscathed since it was isolated 180 deg. away from the major areas of conflict.

 * Are you referring to the signs saying "Prohibited Area" near the end of the film? Watching it just now I didn't notice anything else that could be construed as a reference to radiation. The2crowrox (talk) 13:29, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

There is no reference to high radiation in Mad Max or even Mad Max2. So I have no idea what movie your watching —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.147.151 (talk) 10:34, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

Characters section
Do people feel the section on characters is needed? Surely the plot summary is all that is needed in terms of outlining the characters. Galaga88 12:21, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Here here. I think a section on weapons used by Max and/or the other characters is also needed. I will help in these sections if someone would start them.-- Doo Doo 08:55, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Uh, that post was against a separate character section, I believe. I don't think a section for weapons is at all neccessary.--Cúchullain t / c 09:05, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Further genre consideration
I think this should be classified as post-apocalyptic, however post-apocalyptic is typically seen as a sub-genre of science fiction.

It could be reasoned that while a film such as Mad Max certainly doesn't have advanced science compared to today, as opposed to, for example, Star Trek, it does make use of fictional yet theoretically possible scenarios in social sciences such as economics and sociology.

Just my thoughts, Sdr 08:26, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

The link for Brian May goes to an article on Brian May of Queen... this is incorrect, it was a different Brian May. Perhaps someone could fix this.

 * Really? I thought it was the same guy.--Cuchullain 01:25, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Lol, me too. I guess its like the Christopher Lloyd who works on Frasier Alastairward 09:33, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Falcon Picture
The picture of the so-called "Mad Max" car looks like an XC to me, not an XB (or maybe it is with an XC front on it.) Also, gotta love the bodgy supercharger :) --Jquarry 02:41, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, but I think the pic is fine. It's credited as a "replica" and there are differing levels of authenticity when it comes to replicas. Jimmylogan0916 20:14, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It has a fairmont frontend (XC)--59.167.159.112 (talk) 03:27, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Yes that car in the picture is an XC, and not a true replica as its missing plenty of the flare kit and paint work of the orginal. There are dozens of replicas world wide now, which are pretty much more accurate then an XC with a dummy blower on the bonnet. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.62.51 (talk) 11:18, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Max's wife
Correct me if I'm wrong, but did they ever say that Max's wife died? I know when Max was listening at the doorway the doctor rattled off a laundry list of problems but then he made remarks that she'd pull through and something about her possibly stabilizing through the night. Next thing we see is Max going out for revenge...so where is it assured that she even died?--Skeev 16:16, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I was wondering this myself, and the movie, left on it's own, doens't really give us a clear answer. It's only through MM2 and the novelization that we're sure that she perishes after the attack. One can infer that the story rhetorically states that she dies, however, given the level of rage he goes into, etc. But, technically, you're correct (for what it's worth, a similar argument can be made for Goose, although Fifi does later say that "the Goose bought it." But, still, that doesn't mean that he died for sure if just taken on that. Madmaxmarchhare 15:11, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It also leaves us with the idea that after Max kills the bikers he just drives on into the night and deeper into the wasteland without really returning, even for the funeral which they showed as part of The Road Warrior's opening.

 * Of course, plenty of things don't quite add up between Mad Max and the last two movies. In part one we're lead to believe that while the world is post-apocalyptic, there is still some civilized normality like regular towns with police and local goverenments.  In the second two movies we see a world that's well past any law and order and we never see a real town again, just odd makeshift towns where people don't even acknowledge there's a real world left and they dress in animal skins rather than the typical clothing people wore in part one.  So, either something's gone really wrong between movies or Mad Max's world was reimagined for part two and three and part one is an almost stand-alone film which solves any problems with Max's wife surviving.--Skeev 16:16, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * "Mad Max" doesn't take place in a post-apocalyptic world, just a world decaying and on the verge of apocalypse. Max talks about it in "Beyond Thunderdome" ('poxyclype, etc.). Sparkhead 13:45, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, I think you're right: we never find out if she died before the end of the film. BUT, there is that shot at the beginning of The Road Warrior where Max is standing near 2 crosses which are probably supposed to be gravesites. I guess the scene where the bikers run Max's family down is horrific enough to make us believe they were killed outright.

 * There is a line of dialogue about Max's wife being "salvageable", which is to say that her organs can be harvested. Presumably then she is alive but brain-dead, or otherwise not-coming-back. In the brief hospital scene she is visibly missing parts. The line about telling Max she's fine I would take to mean to stave off him collapsing emotionally. But then this film is very awkwardly edited.

I think it's reasonably clear from the "grocery list" of internal injuries that she wasn't going to make it. "Multiple traumas, spleen, liver, lung, flail chest...left neck of femur, renal shutdown," and so on. Her being salvageable refers to what the fellow above me said.

The doctor said Jessie will survive. He tells a nurse to tell Max that his wife will survive. When last we see Jessie she is alive. Jessie does not die in the movie Mad Max. Anything that is shown in a movie made later is irrelevant.

 * It's not until the opening of the 2nd film where her death is pretty much confirmed, when we see two crosses from the ground, the Fury Road comic book showed this as well. - -108.208.136.120 (talk) 03:55, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes, in later movies and media she dies. In the original Mad Max film she did not die. 2601:3CB:700:B730:317B:F88B:999E:209E (talk) 21:25, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Low-budget vehicles
The article says "Due to the film's low budget, all the vehicles in the film were just modified vehicles of that era." As opposed to what? Modified vehicles from the future, like big-budget movies can afford? Please clarify this point. —mjb 18:59, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm guessing as opposed to a very basic chassis with a completely different body on it, or a completely custom built vehicle Alastairward 09:34, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Like the Rover and Citroen in Gattaca I guess. Eregli bob (talk) 10:56, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

The film was made in 1979, by that stage the XC Falcon was in production. All the vehicles used were bought 2nd hand and were older falcon models no longer in production. Same with all the other cars you see in the film. The only "new" vehicles were the motorbikes, which were the latest model Kwaka K1000.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.62.51 (talk) 11:24, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

While on the subject, I just watched the documentary "The Madness Of Max" (bonus with the four-film BluRay box set) in which George Miller notes that while his own Bongo van was used at the start of the sequence, the one actually destroyed was one rescued from a scrappie and gutted of potentially dangerous bits like engine and gearbox. The story about Miller's van being wrecked should probably be removed Mr Larrington (talk) 02:38, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

Interceptor Capitalization
Just like "Pursuit Special", think it should be capitalized, but if shown something that conclusively points to lowercase could change my mind. *Spark* 22:14, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * It's a bit of a 50/50, and I can see it going either way, but the reason why I don't believe that it should be there is because we're trying to say that it's NOT an "I"nterceptor.. therefore, while the mechanic could have meant Pursuit Special, but blurted out "interceptor," which would be just a generic term for a car that's designed to pursue, intercept, and catch a fleeing vehicle. Also, don't forget, the reason that you see "I"nterceptor is because of the erroneous notion that the car is, in fact, an "Interceptor," and not a "Pursuit Special." Throughout the series, there's nothing conclusive that ANY of the cars are "I"nterceptors. Although the yellow cars in MM read "INTERCEPTOR" and "PURSUIT" on the back of them, that only designates those cars' functions, and may or may not be their actual "name." In fact, two of the cars, March Hare and Big Bopper, have _names_, which are distinct from their function (that of an interceptor or pursuit vehicle). I'll not fight for this one hard, because I can see your point, and I think there's validity to it, and I could probably argue it effectively, as well. Madmaxmarchhare 00:00, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

If you watch through the movie again, theres a point where old mate that cops a lump of metal in the throat is commenting on what he can see out the window of the MFP building - when Bubba's lawyer comes back for Johnny. He says two things, through his vocoder-thingy.

"I think he's out there." and then; "I can see the in-ter-cep-tor."

Whats that all about then, being as it is, in the first movie? StopeDancer

 * I'm with Madmaxmarchhare, interceptor and pursuit special are just different types of patrol car. They might not even technically be different types (although IIRC, there were 6 and 8 cylinder cars used), the badge simply being there to remind the public what duties this particular vehicle has been assigned to Alastairward 17:44, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Sorry, guys, but the terms need to be capitalized. If they are terms used by the MFP, then they are proper terms and need capitalization. They're not just terms that are used colloquially for description. The fact that some of the cars also have "names" (e.g., "March Hare") is irrelevant, as it's a different concept. Individual vehicles are often anthropomorphized and given names, especially in a military context (and you could surely agree that this setting implies a paramilitary milieu). Compare it to bombers in World War II: e.g., the Memphis Belle was a B-17 Flying Fortress. "Memphis Belle" was the name given to an individual plane, akin to "March Hare," but "Flying Fortress" was the name of the model of plane. Both are capitalized. So, the fact that the cars have individual names has nothing to do with whether the model or type of car is capitalized. If the MFP has designations of "Pursuit" and "Interceptor," then the names are capitalized. AE Logan (talk) 13:42, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Ford falcon
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fv20071111pl.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.108.16.189 (talk) 01:45, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Production Costs
Did the film cost $300,000 to produce, or was it $400,000? The 400,000 figure is in the introduction (but absent any information on what currency it is--AUS, US, etc) and then the 300,000 Australian is listed later. Primium mobile (talk) 13:15, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Plot Summary
Is it just me, or is this sentence in the plot summary completely devoid of context: "The big house, where the old lady lived, is situated on top of Mt.Ridley, Craigieburn, and has been renovated since (no beach in area at all)." What big house? Who is "the old lady", Is it his wife? Why does the location (real or fictional?) matter, why should I care that it has been renovated, what does "no beach in area at all" mean? Is it something I would've had to have seen the movie to recognise? 203.171.97.136 (talk) 09:15, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Most profitable?
Removed the following for a lack of any source:

 * for decades it had the highest profit-to-cost ratio of any motion picture (cost $400,000, profit in excess on $100,000,000) only losing the record 20 years later in 1999 to The Blair Witch Project

Seems entirely invented. In order to make that much "profit" as opposed to gross, the film would have had to take in something like $300M.

SteveCoppock (talk) 18:28, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * This is also problematic as it disagrees with the American Graffiti article, which also claims the most-profitable crown. That claim has a citation (a 1999 book about George Lucas' films), so this one should probably go unless somebody can provide a source.  Any takers?  Elmo iscariot (talk) 13:28, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

We've got the new winner - no matter how you will count this, Paranormal Activity has the biggest gross revenue ever made compared to it's budget. It was made for 15.000 $, and almost without "classical" marketing and it grossed over 100 MILLIONS $. BWP cost something around 50.000 $ on production, but also at least 400.000 $ on marketing, which for me shows how much the whole film cost. And of course Mad Max is out of gas here, even if it was cheaper than BWP in whole production-marketing-release process. Myrth from Poland

Goose's burnt face?
In the film when Max goes to see Jim Goose in hospital and starts to remove the sheet it looks like there's a part that's been cut. Because it cuts from Max removing the sheet immediately to Max's shocked reaction. Is this part missing or something because I have the Australian Special Edition of the DVD and that happens in it, but I'm sure I remember seeing Goose's face. Anyone know about this?

220.233.7.176 (talk) 02:18, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Yes, I also I believe I saw the face scene (which I remember as so extremely shocking that I'll never forget it) on a UK terrestrial broadcast (most likely ITV) around late 1980's (I was around 15 year's old). Eyes attached to not-a-lot-else in the tent, rather like an Alien body. However, there appear to be very few people on the internet in the various discussion fora, that have ever seen this. More research is needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.8.33.71 (talk) 14:46, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

Mad max is a very lowbudget movie: could they ever afford the make up ? --81.247.112.231 (talk) 15:35, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

Writing Quality - Plot Summary
As of 7/13/08, the quality of the writing in the Plot Summary section of the article is horrible. There are numerous errors in grammar and syntax. Many of the sentences are convoluted and unclear. It reads as if it were written by someone who is not a native speaker of English and who is not fully fluent. I regret that I don't have time to clean it up right now, but perhaps someone else could take a stab at it, is it's significantly below Wikipedia's standards for quality. AE Logan (talk) 13:41, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

MFP
The MFP is referred to as the 'main force patrol', i am unsure of this but i thought it was an acronym for 'Melbourne Freeway Patrol' as the movie was filmed in areas around Melbourne as well as Melbourne itself. Please discuss —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomasammaniti (talk • contribs) 16:44, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

There's nothing really to discuss since the movie time and time, again, state that Max et. al. works for the "Main Force Patrol." Madmaxmarchhare (talk) 01:42, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

The movie is not based around any location... so it is not Melbourne you see in the movie, but "Sun City". MFP were a specialized FICTIONAL branch of Police Force..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.62.51 (talk) 11:37, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

What about Toecutter?
I can't recall him dying. He just hisses like a cat and that's the last we see of him. Since he's leader of the gang and drives the others to atrocities, I find it odd he doesn't get his cumuppance. Magmagoblin (talk) 00:25, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I think he probably got his comeuppance when he smashed headlong into the semi-tractor and was run over by it. I mean, it seemed like a harsh way to go, but that's just me... Madmaxmarchhare (talk) 03:13, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Yes the toecutter does INDEED get his comeuppance..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.2.240.95 (talk) 16:03, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Max Surname?
I have started a discussion about Max's Surname on Max Rockatansky. Please comment there if you have input on this subject. Ommnomnomgulp (talk) 18:31, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Car destroyed was NOT a Chevrolet Impala
The car that was attacked by the motorcycle gang was an Australian production 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air, not an Impala. Impalas had additional chrome around the door frames, plus Impalas had their own unique steering wheel when the car on the film was seen with a standard steering wheel. The statement's source is a fansite and fansites are not considered reliable sources by Wikipedia. I'll change the statement and use a source that is no more or less reliable according to Wikipedia.NJM2010 (talk) 10:44, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Regardless of trim variations, it is my understanding that those 1959 Chevrolets marketed in Australia were all labelled Impala.  They also had kooky little rear turn signal lamps which were not used in North America.Eregli bob (talk) 07:54, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That is incorrect. My grandfather's Australian production 1959 Chevrolet is a Bel Air. My understanding is that 1959 Impalas were never marketed in Australia unless they grey imports.NJM2010 (talk) 07:07, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

 * For further proof, here are some page scans of a feature story that Australian Classic Car magazine did on an Australian '59 Bel Air. September 1996 edition. Quote from the article: Only the four-door sedan was built here and in six-cylinder form only. It was nominally a Bel Air but the accessory list was somewhat sparser than on the US cars despite their expense at around £2400 - more than twice the price of an FC Holden. http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/NJM_2009_photo/IMG_zpscc3a1d94.jpg http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/NJM_2009_photo/IMG_0001_zps3fa5ab3d.jpg http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/NJM_2009_photo/IMG_0002_NEW_zps5c5fc09c.jpg http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/NJM_2009_photo/IMG_0003_zps300e8e87.jpg http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/NJM_2009_photo/IMG_0004_zpsb8e0d2d5.jpgNJM2010 (talk) 06:41, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

Which biker ran over Max's wife and kid?
Does anyone know which gang member killed Jessie and the kid?--70.254.45.71 (talk) 02:45, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Character names
There seems to be a lot of information about character names that must come from somewhere other than the movie—the novelization, perhaps. I don't think that's really appropriate for the plot summary of the film. --Tysto (talk) 03:50, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Australia's first widescreen film???
Wasn't Smiley (1956 film) and its sequel Smiley Gets a Gun shot in CinemaScope?Foofbun (talk) 05:27, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

I think that the entry is implying that "Mad Max" could be considered Australia's first widescreen film that was produced and released solely by an Australian company in Australia. "Smiley" and "Smiley Gets a Gun" were co-productions between Britain and Australia, and the IMDb listing for the "Smiley" films doesn't not have an Australian disribution company, like Mad Max had. — Preceding unsigned comment added by WatchinDaFilms (talk • contribs) 19:33, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

What is "radio locum work"
Does the writer mean locum tenens where a physician fills in for another physician? --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) (talk) 23:42, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

 * This one threw me for a loop. After some research, I think this likely began life as some kind of a typo-like mistake (perhaps indeed on the term locum tenens) when brought in from the cited source. I found strong hints they got work for a time answering emergency medical CB (and/or UHF CB) radio calls in some area of the bush or outback, keeping in mind this was 1979, long before most folks had mobile phones. Hopefully cleaned up at least a bit. Gwen Gale (talk) 23:54, 15 August 2014 (UTC)

Reference for Acolytes
The motorcycle gang of Toecutter is named Acolytes, which is decorated with Ref. 1: "Gasoline" series 5, episode 18

I cannot find out what series that would be, not even if I paste that in google, adding the word Acolytes. I find many other TV series, but all totally unrelated. There is a wikia about Mad Max but it's not clearing it up either: http://madmax.wikia.com/wiki/Toecutter%27s_gang. The citation needs to be clarified. Thx, Thomas--79.226.34.5 (talk) 01:32, 29 March 2015 (UTC)

LGBT-related film?
Should Mad Max be categorized as an LGBT-related film? There are many hints of homosexuality such as Chief Fifi McAfee, two members of Toecutter's gang and their "Push me, shove you" catchphrase, and one of the gang's victims purportedly been sodomized before running away from Max and Goose. - Areaseven (talk) 01:22, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

Location of Sprog (child) while wife is at beach
We see the child playing in the grass beforehand and later we see her return to discover the child is missing. Are we really to believe that they left the child on its own there while she went for an extended hike, swim and sunbake session? Is this just changing sensibilities or is there something I am missing eg was Max looking after the child during the time in between (before he decided to go looking for the motorcycle gang)? If so why didn't they immediately wonder where the child was? 2001:388:6080:148:FD56:2ECD:21A5:7C0D (talk) 05:49, 29 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't remember every single plot point, but my recollection is that they let the child play freely. It was a rural area in the 1970s, so it wouldn't exactly be unheard of to let your kid go unsupervised for extended periods of time.  I don't really know about an apocalyptic near-future Australia, but my parents didn't really care where I was, as long as I came home at the end of the day. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 22:54, 5 July 2015 (UTC)

Blatantly false box office figures
This film did not gross anything close to $100 million at the box office. Anyone with a scrap of common sense would know this is laughably false. Box Office Mojo places the gross at $8.75 million. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.11.76.24 (talk) 23:32, 18 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Box Office Mojo does not give a worldwide figure, just the American gross. The $100 million figure in the article is sourced to the Routledge Encylcopedia of Films. The figure is easy to substantiate: The Hollywood Reporter states "1979’s Mad Max, which Miller helped fund by working shifts as an emergency room physician, set a world record for most profitable film upon release, grossing $100 million-plus worldwide on a budget of less than $1 million, and made a star out of its lead, Mel Gibson." This is further corroborated by the Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats which notes it set a record budget/gross ratio, earning $100 million in its first two years of international distribution. It seems to be a fairly well substantiated fact, so on what basis do you consider it false? Betty Logan (talk) 01:08, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

The notion that an English-language action film would make 10 times more in the rest of the world than it did in the US is just crazy. That has never happened in the history of cinema, not even vaguely close. With $8.75mil earned in the US and A$5mil earned in Australia, where exactly did the film make up the other $85mil of its gross? Additionally, Mad Max 2 is widely reported as being a bigger financial success than the first film, and yet no one has claimed that the film made anything close to $100mil worldwide. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.11.76.24 (talk) 20:55, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

 * The details for the numbers appears to be hard to find, and I appreciate the questioning, but given that Mad Max is widely reported as earning $100mil worldwide, I don't think the lack of detail is wikipedia's problem. There are Mad Max fan forums which may be a better place to discuss this, track down detail, and argue discrepancies. Remember, wikipedia is not the place for original research. --.../NemoThorx (talk • Contributions) 22:57, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

 * It's a little unusual so I see where the IP editor is coming from, but it's not such a crazy notion if the film doesn't get a wide release. For instance, The Inbetweeners Movie grossed $36,000 at ten theaters in the United States and it still made $88 million worldwide (over 2000 times its US gross) and there are probably other such instances where a hit film gets a limited release in the United States and a wide release elsewhere. Using the average price of a US cinema ticket for 1980 (~$2.69) and the German admissions (3.2 million) then it would have made about $8-9 million there, so adding that on to the $15 million it pulled in from Australia and the United States takes the total up to $23-24 million. I can't find a record of the admissions in France, but the new film earned twice as much in France as it did in the Germany, so if the original performed better in France too then you are looking at least at $10 million there, so already you are over $35 million from just four countries. English-language films tend to earn more in the UK than they do in Germany or France, so it is plausible it did at least another 10 mil there if it did 8 mil in Germany. Once you add that in you are getting on for $50 million and that's just five countries. So is it surprising that a huge global hit made so little in the US? Yes. Is it possible? Yes. Is it plausible? The few numbers we have suggest it is not implausible. Besides, this is all irrelevant; plenty of independent sources cite the $100 million claim and Wikipedia is a WP:Verifiable encyclopedia i.e. we regurgitate what other sources say, we don't decide what is true and what isn't based on our own intuitions. Betty Logan (talk) 23:51, 21 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Maybe lack of detail isn't Wikipedia's problem, but I think Wikipedia contradicting itself in two closely related articles is. (I don't know, I'm not an editor.) From Mad Max 2:
 * "Outside of the U.S., the film earned rentals of $25 million (including Australia), for a worldwide total of $36 million, making it the highest-grossing Australian film worldwide."
 * If Wikipedia isn't the place for original research, then this statement isn't original research, meaning Wikipedia has a source that shows Mad Max made less than $36 million. 2600:6C4E:133F:EAFC:7483:8F19:2057:951A (talk) 03:53, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia doesn't have a source saying that Mad Max made less than $36 million. You are drawing an incorrect conclusion by misinterpreting the rentals gross for the sequel. Betty Logan (talk) 07:50, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Mad Max. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110521024820/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=EE05E7DF173BBB2CA7494CC6B6799C836896 to http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=EE05E7DF173BBB2CA7494CC6B6799C836896

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:44, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Mad Max (franchise) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 06:30, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

Names?
I notice the article mentions Nightrider's real name and gives Goose the last name of Rains. I don't remember either of these from the film and I always assumed Goose was Jim's last name. Where did these come from? 172.58.136.22 (talk) 16:36, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't know where they come from, either. I never noticed that before, and I don't remember these full names ever coming up in the film.  However, a Google search turns up hits in reliable sources, so I guess either we weren't paying close enough attention or they're established in other media.  For example, this article from Wired.com, which confirms "Rains" as Goose's real last name.  One thing you have to watch out for on Wikipedia is so-called "fanon", widely accepted facts based on fanfiction. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 00:45, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Mad Max. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article.html?isPreview=&id=982841%7C708979&name=The-Cars-That-Ate-Paris
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140209075310/http://film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf to http://www.film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:37, 29 May 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Mad Max (franchise) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 21:34, 24 November 2020 (UTC)

Sprog
This is Australian slang for semen or ejaculate, my source is that I am australian. I’ve edited this Wikipedia on more than one occasion to properly reflect this but it keeps getting changed, which is disgraceful in my opinion 58.109.220.89 (talk) 04:17, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mad Max (film)


text: Category:American comics writers

title: Category:American comics writers


text:
Talk:Ultras

Pictures
I think the pictures which were used are not fitting to the article at all. As you can see at the banners it's not Schalke Ultras who show the "Happy Birthday" wallpaper, it's just normal fans. Also saying "Happy Birthday" in this way isn't the typical "Ultras-way" to do it. The other picture also doesn't fit, because it shows the Barra Brava in Argentina and not Ultras, which might be similar but not the same. Abgas (talk) 08:44, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Missing information
What is the article missing:

 * The origin of the "Ultra" usage. from what I remember there were three major possiblilites:
 * Ultras, as in "extremist" or "extreme";
 * Ultras, from the Clockwork Orange term Ultra Violence;
 * An acronym created by early Sampdoria groups
 * Public detractors of the movement
 * Some photos. I could get plenty of photos with permission from Colectivo 95 (FC Porto), but it would make the article look very one sided.
 * notable incidents

Given time, this could be a featured article, methinks. \ wolfenSilva / 10:56, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The word "ultra" is usually said to be italian in origin, which translates as "radical". There is an argument that it could be spanish derived, where the meaning is extremist supporter, hooligan, right-wing extremist. it is unlikely to be of english origin.

In italy, Ultras are traditionally thought of as right wing, violent and racist, which has given rise to left-wing / anti-racist / antifa ultras all over europe to combat this problem. Limes 06:16, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Political Allegiance
I think the ultra groups should have their political allegiance next to them. There used to be a map of Italian ultras groups on this page.

Revisit this article?
I think the biggest mistake in this article is to confuse ultra culture with other forms or football supporting.

The ultra culture can be said to have born with Fossa at 1968. It got its name when a Turin journalist used the term to describe Torino's supporters who later adapted it as their official name: Ultras Granata.

And by no means this is not to claim that "organised football supporting culture" would have born at 1968 with Fossa. For example even in Turin itself Fedelissimi Granata had existed much longer.

Neither should movemento ultra be confused with other football supporting subcultures. "The original scarf-waving and chanting English culture" or later burberry brigades are very different from ultras. (And this is not to start argument if there is better or worse support in The Kop than in Curva Nord. It is just different.)

(Luckily American tailgating in soccer matches was already excluded. :D )

How about creating topic "football (soccer) supporting cultures" and under that we could discuss different subcultures? Now this feels bit like someone would try describe everything about rock music in the topic of Sex Pistols.

Tim (March 30th, 2006)

As a true football fan, I find this alticle rather strange as it seems to give the ultras an easy ride. I have been unfortunate enough to encounter ultra groups both at games and away from the stadium and I feel the contention that they are not violent or are somehow different to regular hooligans is somewhat misleading. Also the adoption of such extremist right-wing iconography is dealt with in a rather blase way. While I admit that British football still has problems with violence, racism and racist chanting, there is nothing on the scale of what regularly transpires amongst ultra groups. (Jim - 30/1/06)

In light of various threats alleged to have been made to Liverpool supporters - threats attributed to "ultras" from Juventus, perhaps this article needs to be enhanced.

For example an article in The Times talks about threats that certainly put the "ultras" into a category of violent football hooligan, if the reports are true:

''The reactions of that hard-line element among the Turin club’s followers have increased Liverpool’s concerns about the safety of their supporters on Wednesday. No public comment was made on the matter yesterday, but club officials are known to be worried about the threats of violence that have been made on websites by Juventus “ultras”. These messages carried threats to “break the bones of the red animals”. One of them read: “I want to see them covered in their own blood.”''

I myself would rather not alter the article - I am a Liverpool supporter myself and so could be seen to putting a biased slant to things - but someone needs to review the article to balance it out.

--sideiron 21:32, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I agree that this article needs a revist, some sections of it don't feel to me to be NPOV, particuarly the hooliganism section. I am not a football supporter, and so don't know anywhere near enough to do justice to this article. I'll have a think as to where to make a note of it to try and attract some attention. Thryduulf 21:37, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * As a massive football fan im going to try and clear this up as best i can right here

 * ULTRAS is a term used to describe a group of hardcore supporters in country's from Europe, these fans are extremely fanatical about their clubs and whilst this fanaticism isn't always violent, some ultras groups will kick off when they feel threatened

 * here in England we use the term FIRM, but these are usually limited to groups who's sole purpose is to fight another firm, or opposing supporters they are not one and the same thing, ultras groups exist here but these groups do not tend to be violent, we also tend to dissociate ourselves from the term ultras itself just for one simple reason, we associate the term with violence and death as most fan stabbings (ie the two leeds fans that were killed in turkey ...or the aforementioned juventus group) thus our ultras fans don't tend to use the term

 * thus most groups that might be considered "ultras" by european standards are not ultras in the strictest sense of the word as the only reason they come together is for peaceful football supporting, never engaging in violence, its important that this difference is made clear, because whilst we english have a rep for football violence it is not conducted by the majority of the large "ultras" groups, that is left to the FIRMS

 * i did my best to explain ....i hope you understand lol

 * Tony Spike (talk) 22:17, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Groups losing banners...
It is simply not true that groups who lose their main banners "traditionally split up". Look at all the banners that change hands in the course of a season in Poland, for example. You'd have groups splitting up every other week...

Groups
The list of groups must be in a new page, or somebody that knows how to place them with order must edit this page.

List of groups created
I create the page for the list of ultras groups, the List of ultras groups need to be expanded, so the extense list of this page can be deleted.

 * I'm gonna edit the list of groups section. This page is fine, but that list make it too long, and it keep growing. So i'm going to put the link to List of ultras groups in that section. I can't put all the groups alone, so i will put the current list in the talk page of the list page, i will make it in three days if nobody oppose to it.--Bauta 06:23, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

@Rapid Wien: ALTE GARDE is not ultrà, they are hooligans. -sol invictus-

@US American groups: are those really groups that deserve the term "Ultras"? According to my own epxerience in the US, the atmosphere at a graveyard is more exciting and lively than at a footie match. A group of 5 people in the stands, jumping up and down doesn't make them ultras, does it?

@Belgium: De Noormannen are not ultras! Drughi are!

Merge?
As stated on this page the list of groups page was created to simplify this page. Someone who knows how to do it please cancel that proposal and make one new with the suggestion of the section on this page to be traspased to the list page

The two pages should be merged in my opinion. What is incredibly odd about the Ultras list page is that there are Ultras Groups listed on both the main page and the Talk Page. Take the England Ultras Groups for instance - on the Main Page is a list of supposed Ultras Groups - non of which seem to be real Ultras Groups and certainly not the ICF who are a Hooligan Firm and do not call themselves Ultras. Then on the Talk page there is another totally different list with the details of 'real' Ultras Groups in England such as the Accrington and Aldershot Ultras, together with links to their websites. So, taking that into account surely the two pages should be merged and the two different lists combined into one on this page? Tangerines 21:54, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Merger is for the best.--Short pat 00:35, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * And if you check, the two articles were merged nearly four months ago...... ♦Tangerines♦ · Talk 00:42, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Nonsense?
under detractors - "...to more serious criticisms like theft of highway service stations..." is this manglish (perhaps meaning robberies etc.) or nonsense? Dibo 06:24, 31 May 2006 (UTC) It is nonsence, sir.--Short pat 00:36, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Update
I will try to add most of the "ultras" and "barras" to the list of ultras that are still missing, unify both lists and upload pictures for the ones allready on the list. I've already corrected some of the Argentinian names, added one for mexico, three for Costa Rica and one for colombia.

Shed End Invincibles
How r u? I took Shed End Invincibles off the list of groups 'cause they don't exist anymore, someone keeps putting their banner up but they don't ever do anything else and the banner is falling to pieces.

seems like an apologia for ultras
The article as it currently reads seems like an advocacy piece, trying to convince us that ultras are peaceful and rumors of hooliganism are overplayed and unfair, and so on. It needs to be made much more neutral, and statements cited to specific people rather than made out of thin air. --Delirium 15:48, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I completely agree. It reads, without any citation, that "Ultras are just misunderstood"... --Bobak 20:51, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Just to add that I am trying to work on this and get this neutral without rumour. And to get sources cited. Tangerines 19:58, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

No ultras in England
There are no ultra groups in England, the toon ultras are a bunch of kids who just shout and get a little abusive. They should be deleted. They are noise groups.

Sorry but here are Ultras Groups in England. Accrington Stanley and Aldershot Town for instance are two of the clubs who have Ultras Groups. The Accrington Ultras are an officially recognised Fan Group. Both of these Groups have websites. Tangerines 21:48, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

The real ultras groups in england are Jorvik Reds (York City) and Holmesdale Fanatics (Crystal Palace) more groups are emerging but most groups are somwhere between tifo and supras groups. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.86.89.5 (talk) 22:23, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * just because they have a website, official club recognition or the name ultra, dosnt make them an ultras group, just a fan group,
 * whilst their are some extreme fan groups in the country not only is the term "ultras" not really all that popular (firms is a more popular term) hardcore supporters groups are usually 100% peaceful, ....proper ultras groups in other country's tend to not be so fussy

 * thus whilst their are ultras groups in england they are not ultras groups in the strictest sense

 * Tony Spike (talk) 21:37, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Article Clean up
As part of the WikiProject Football I have started to clean up this article. I have made some initial small edits, but will be making more substantial changes over the coming days. Included in that is a total revamp of all the lists of ultras groups that appear on both this article and on List of ultras groups. If I make an edit that you disagree with or delete an Ultra Group that you think should remain, please let me know Tangerines 20:52, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Just a note to add to this, now the article seems a lot better, I aim to try and research into getting some sources to verify much of the content. And also to ensure that the whole article is NPOV. Especially with the apparent differences between Ultrs groups in different countries - where it seems that in some countries Ultras appear to be general supporters who have tifo displays and support the club, and in other countries where Ultra groups seem to be more on the fringes of the club and for all intents and purposes are a hooligan firm. This, in my opinion, needs to be discussed in more depth on the page than at present. Tangerines 18:19, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Melbourne Victory Blue & White Brigade
Just to clarfiy, the reason this has had to be removed from the list of groups is that the linked page, used to verify the group, does not work. The website given, http://www.bluewhitebrigade.com/, comes up with "the page cannot be displayed". If there are online newspaper articles mentioning the group then by all means add them with that link. ♦Tangerines BFC ♦ · Talk 15:27, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Wheres the ultras listing for Spain?
In answer to the above question, asked presumably by User:81.155.163.62, the only group that was listed was the Beer Front of Levante, however the website for that group seemed to be more about a hooligan firm than an Ultra group and so it was removed. If you have groups names with full verificatin for their existence, add them to the list. They need to be referenced though. ♦Tangerines BFC ♦ · Talk 00:33, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

List of Groups
As part of WP:WPSPAM I've tagged the 'List of Groups section with the tag. I believe that this is collection of external links is innappropiate on Wikipedia (following the guidlines on WP:EL and WP:NOT. If a user want't to research all the different Ultras groups they wouldn't use Wikipedia they would use Google or a dedicated Ultras site. -- Rehnn83 Talk 14:51, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the entire "List of groups" section should be removed per WP:NOT . It would be best to replace it, if possible, with a link to an appropriate link repository with the same information.  Does dmoz have such a list? --Ronz 16:07, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Section removed. I couldn't find a dmoz list, or anything similar to use as a replacement. --Ronz 04:53, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * That link, WP:NOT, does not state that there should be no lists. In addition there appears to have been no real discussion about whether or not the list should be removed. ♦Tangerines BFC ♦ · Talk 15:05, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I suggest you bring skim through Wikipedia_talk:External_links a bit. If you still aren't convinced, start a discussion there. --Ronz 16:00, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Being relatively new, I shall make sure to have a proper read before even thinking of discussing. I can understand your reasoning on deleting the groups, but not being sure about many wikipedia policies especially in relation to simply deleting listd without any real discussion, I would rather find out first before bringing it up there. I know that, for instance, some pages on dubious topics are put up for deletion (AfD?), and that a consensus has to be reached on that before action is taken one way or the other. But I have no idea about simply deleting a whole list without discussion, especially when reading this, WP:NOT which does not seem to be an "open and shut case" that all lists should be removed and it does seem open to interpretation. ♦Tangerines BFC ♦ · Talk 16:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * FYI: The reason I deleted so quickly was because there had been no further discussion after four days and the original notice about it had been moved to an archive: Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Spam/2007_Archive_Apr. --Ronz 16:24, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * As the person who originally tagged the article - I created this discussion here to gauge opinions. The only ones coming forward where in agreement with my original message. Ronz just beat me to it. -- Rehnn83 Talk 19:29, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

I removed this link - http://www.spraci.com/pages/bennis/scarves-ultras.html - Info page on the history of the ultras movement as it was a repost of a supertifo.it article. Limes 06:42, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Antifa Ultra
Added a little info about leftist / radical ultras groups, commonly referred to as Antifa Ultra or Antifa Hooligans, which may or may not derive from the song of he same name by Spanish Ska Punk band Los Fastidios. Limes 06:42, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Can you tell me a bit about Parma's ultras if you know ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.141.179.132 (talk) 03:33, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Celtic Cross
Please remove the reference to the Celtic cross being used by fascist and being an offensive image. The Celtic Cross is not used by these groups - it is more akin to a target cross-hair as if you compare the two symbols you'll see that is definately a Celtic Cross. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.254.234.251 (talk) 13:31, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

well, as anti-fascist football supporter, i know that it is used. in great britain, the main 3 clubs that use it are chelsea, cardiff, and glasgow rangers. their harline casuals are far-right, especially chelsea and rangers who share a link. --PCAnarchist (talk) 16:01, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Ultra Groups - Green Brigade and other things.
These are group that claims ultra status, when in fact they are not. they can only properly have a claim, because of the fact that to every game they bring flags. they never engage in violence, although have a far left politcal aleigence.
 * "Far-" and "no violence" are self-excluding. 78.34.103.67 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 00:24, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

a table needs to be made showing all the known european and others sorted by their respectable countries, showing current status, foundng, colours, aleigence, teams, etc. also, adding casuals to this aswell may be a good idea. in te case of Glasgow Celtic, the CSC (Celtic Soccer Casuals/Crew) is their offical casuals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by PCAnarchist (talk • contribs) 15:36, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Restored material
Thank you for adding some reference to the restored material, however a large amount is still uncited and if it remains like so for a month I will trim the article again Gnevin (talk) 16:07, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:38, 22 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Manjappada.jpg

Russia!
Why is this section absent? They're the ultimate ultras.

title: Talk:Ultras


text:
Jai Telangana Party

Jai Telangana Party, is a defunct political party in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh founded by P. Indra Reddy. JTP existed around 1998 and was part of the Rashtriya Janata Dal-led Jan Morcha (People's Front) in the 1998 elections. JTP worked for a separate Telangana state to be carved out of Andhra Pradesh.

P. Indra Reddy, had been the Home Minister of AP in the Telugu Desam Party cabinet. When TDP split after Chandrababu Naidu's internal coup, Reddy sided with Lakshmi Parvathi and her parallel TDP, NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi). He later left NTRTDP(LP) to form JTP. After the 1998 elections, he merged his JTP with Indian National Congress.

In the 1999 elections to the AP assembly, Reddy was elected on a Congress ticket. Reddy died in a car accident in 2000.

title: Jai Telangana Party


text:
File:NES Wild Gunman.png

Summary
Screenshot of Wild Gunman, Nintendo 1985.

title: File:NES Wild Gunman.png


text:
Black Week

Black Week refers to the week of Sunday 10 December – Sunday 17 December 1899 during the Second Boer War, when the British Army suffered three devastating defeats by the Boer Republics at the battles of Stormberg on Sunday 10 December, Magersfontein on Monday 11 December and Colenso on Friday 15 December 1899. In total, 2,776 British soldiers were killed, wounded and captured during this period.

The events were an eye opener for the government and troops, who had thought that the war could be won very easily. British units were armed with then-modern magazine-fed small arms, the .303 caliber Lee–Enfield and Lee–Metford, and breech-loading field artillery. Boers were armed with the 7mm 1893 Mauser rifle, and fielded German-built breech-loading field artillery. The British, however, were accustomed to fighting tribal wars with tactics more suited to the Napoleonic era, and had no tactical doctrine in place to fight against a foe also armed with the same modern weapons, and suffered accordingly.

With new, modernized troops came new tactics; only a few months after Black Week, one of the main British cavalry divisions led a flanking march that ended with a victory. Besides equipping the cavalry with rapid-firing rifles instead of lances, the new British military doctrine also started using artillery as a defensive unit of the army, and saw innovation in the use of machine guns.

These new volunteers served as a "new face, untainted by defeat and accusations of defeatism…to breathe life back into the campaigns and restore hope at home." Other changes enacted by the British immediately following the Black Week disaster were the mobilization of two more divisions, the calling up of the army reserves, raising a force of mounted infantry for better mobility, and most importantly by sending volunteers from home overseas which added more than one hundred thousand additional troops by the end of the war.

Political situation
During Black Week, the British War Office assumed the leading role while the Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain stepped back in the cabinet and the Boer War raged on. The reverses and humiliations for the Army hit the London government hard. Chamberlain was eclipsed in Cabinet during December 1899. Ironically Chamberlain had initially been offered the War Office by Lord Salisbury when the government was formed in 1895; had he accepted he would have been at the War Office dealing with the difficulties in the Cape.

Arthur Balfour was acting Prime Minister, and Lord Lansdowne, Secretary for War. Lord Salisbury, grieving at Hatfield for his dead wife, was incapacitated. After Lord Roberts' victories in the first half of 1900 Chamberlain came to be hailed as a great statesman, in part filling the gap left by the gradual retirement of Lord Salisbury, the former titan of foreign policy. Chamberlain wanted a tolerant, liberal, civilized Empire, and a generous reconstruction of South Africa.

Military situations
Lord Methuen was on the march to Kimberley, only 25 miles away. Unscreened from the Boer's trenches in the town, the mounted force lost 500 men. But they managed to wheel round to cross the Modder River by nightfall. There he rested from 1 to 7 December, using the river for refreshment. They fully expected Redvers Buller to simultaneously march on Ladysmith in north Natal. These blows they hoped would end the war by Christmas. By Lord Milner's assessment conveyed to London, 70,000 troops would be needed to complete the business. Milner's concern over losses mitigating success on the field had caused a rethink of the situation in the Transvaal.

"...If we had known all we do now, I suppose that we should have taken up a position probably at Colenso and left all the northern part of Natal undefended. We ought also probably to have abandoned Mafeking." One serious deficiency was the low velocity artillery which shot less far than the Boers' excellent guns.

Milner wrote:.

"I dare not speculate on the further progress of the war. The Boers seem to have fought with the greatest courage and determination, and I do not gather that they have lost their power as marksmen"

On Monday 11 December, General Gatacre's night attack into strong Boer defences at Stormberg had ended in failure. The enemy had modern rifles, accurate artillery, bandoliers for all, and proven horse commandos. Ganache lost two guns, and 700 men, of whom 500 were prisoners. The senior officers had left them behind. But as usual the Boers did not bother to pursue.

On the Modder River, Methuen's division of 15,000 frontline troops ran into heavily dug-in Boers on the Magersfontein Heights. The British artillery barrage warned the Boer of the impending assault, led by the Highland Brigade in the monsoon rains in the darkness. At dawn the British were caught by a murderous cross-fire. Major-General Wauchope became a high-ranking casualty. The British casualties were 1000 men to the Boers' 250. The defeat delayed the relief of Kimberley.

In Natal, Buller was already pessimistic about the coming battle, although in England they only knew his great reputation. On Friday, December 15, he tried to cross the river. A sortie from Ladysmith might have taken the Boer pickets on Hlangwane Hill, but its significance was overlooked. The British lost 1100 men killed, ten artillery guns lost. A humiliating retreat was ordered at nightfall although half the army had not yet engaged the enemy. Lord Roberts' son was killed. Buller, at his wits end, advised Ladysmith to surrender, but Sir George White pledged to fight on.

Liberal leader Henry Campbell-Bannerman declared from Aberdeen on December 19, "The gravity of the situation, the formidable character of the campaign as now disclosed ...these furnish no ground for doubt or for despondency.... We have a united people in this country, and in every part of the Empire, and with these forces on our side moral and material success is certain.... Mr Chamberlain is largely responsible for this war."

Consequences of the defeats
The British government drastically changed their mindset after the Black Week disaster to the realization that the Boer war would not be an easy victory or won by Christmas. They undertook many changes in the military including military personnel, better mobilization, and better modernization in order to match and then surpass the Boer troops. Many different opinions arose in the United Kingdom. Although there were many doubters who criticized the overall justice of the British cause, the patriots who would end up volunteering, fighting, and winning this conflict were the majority. Following Black Week, the government called "for able-bodied men willing to abandon their homes and families and risk their lives to serve their country." Even with this dangerous task, many still volunteered either for the regular army or for shorter enlistments.

Buller's decisions at Ladysmith caused him to be sacked and replaced with Lord Roberts. It was the end of a career for the man the press dubbed "Sir Reverse" Buller.

Another consequence was the recruitment within months of 30,863 new troops from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. These were ordered by the Imperial Conference held in 1902. 8400 Canadians volunteered, of which 600 Horse were raised by Lord Strathcona in British Columbia.

Of the Australians, 6208 came from New South Wales, 3897 from Victoria, 2903 from Queensland, 1494 from South Australia, 1165 from Western Australia, 796 from Tasmania. About 6000 from New Zealand. The Canadians were eager horsemen, and when the matter was settled on the day after Colenso, the necessity of cavalry doctrine was acknowledged. Since Black Week large numbers of Australians were encamped awaiting departure. The day after Buller's defeat Premier of New Zealand Richard Seddon telegrammed Chamberlain declaring how they would be delighted to help.

title: Black Week