text:
Talk:French Academy of Sciences

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 January 2020 and 8 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lccm72, Lwjt2d, Mjtth9, Waktf3.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:51, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

added details of a reorganization reform in 1976
details about membership increasing and the creation of divisions within the academy Waktf3 (talk) 01:42, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

added a sentence to decline of the academy section
About funding being dropped from scientific faculties. Waktf3 (talk) 01:32, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

Added an image of the current COPED president
image is located by academy today, possibly needs positioned differentlyLccm72 (talk) 23:39, 17 April 2020 (UTC)

Added a new section
Added the section Current Committees and Working Parties, and adjusted the Pierre Auger photoLccm72 (talk) 00:04, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

Added Decline of the Academy section
started a new section titled "Decline of the academy" with some content about it. Waktf3 (talk) 04:04, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

added links to Wikipedia pages for COPED leadershipLccm72 (talk) 06:30, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

Untitled
Does it make more sense to perhaps move the Members list to its own page? ~ Booyabazooka 00:18, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it makes sense to remove them entirely. Maintaining a list of 'current members' of this type will be difficult, and I suspect will result in the article becoming out of date rapidly. More appropriate would be to have a section detailing famous members as of 2005, and be careful to have a short list. --Durin 23:30, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It would probably be entirely reasonable to have a complete list of members somewhere else, and just mention very few famous (but not necessarily current) ones on this page. u p p l a n d 12:20, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:25, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Funding
The Academie des Sciences seems to have been originally funded by French Royalty. Please do not add statements to the article which claim otherwise. Mathsci (talk) 06:00, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Don't be foolish, the sentence was embedded in the post-revolutionary section of the paragraph. I will make that more clear, rather than disconnecting the ref. Phlegm Rooster (talk) 06:13, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It is not what you wrote alas, which was sloppy. Your reference to Napoleon was also odd, considering that 3 years later he was president of the Academy. An exception does not prove a rule. On the other hand usually every British prime minister is elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. I will not attempt to explain to you why, but similar reasoning presumably applies to Napoleon. Mathsci (talk) 12:40, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Not at all. The French kings were not members, but patrons of the Academy. Napoleon was elected in his own right as a member in 1798, at that time he was not the head of state, but in the army. The "scientific component" of the "Egyptian expedition" was deemed important enough by the academicians to elect him, and the result (the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs among them) certainly bore them out. His election as President was maybe due to being the head of state at the time, because the Academy had usually no president. The king being the patron, the Academy was run by the Perpetual Secretary. In practice, he reorganized the Academy, and appointed the secretaries and other officers, which formerly had been elected by the members. Besides, I removed the list of members, see discussion from 2005 above. Kraxler (talk) 19:42, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I have deleted the "list" again, because it is unnecessary, useless, incomplete, full of red links and much too bulky. To get a complete listing of current members, better access the Academy's website. To see the articles on the members, with one click you reach the Category, (or even the French edition of this article). I suggest you write articles on the members instead of copying stuff from other pages. This article is about the organization, not the members. The members could be mentioned if it was possible to do it in a useful context and format. See discussion above, from 2005. Kraxler (talk) 15:28, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure you've examined the page history properly: I have not copied any stuff from anywhere else, because none of the current material is written by me. The academic references in English were added by me. And no thank you, I have no intention of adding missing BLPs of members, many of whom are friends and colleagues here in France. I have other priorities on WP. Mathsci (talk) 18:26, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Members of the Academy
Kraxler asserted that all the blue links in the list of members were listed in the category "Members of the French Academy of Sciences". However, he very soon found out that this was not the case, as soon afterwards he had to add the category to Michael Atiyah's article. I clicked on a few random blue links and found that many of them did not have the category on the bio page. I agree that the list can be removed from this article as soon as all the blue links have the category added. Otherwise it is impossible to tell. I will attempt to prepare a preliminary list from the blue links here as a guide. Mathsci (talk) 22:16, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Here's what I found in just the A's and B's:

 * Jacques d'Allonville
 * Roger Balian
 * John M. Ball
 * Gilbert Ballet
 * Jean-Marie Basset
 * Klaus Bechgaard
 * Claude Berrou
 * Guy Bertrand
 * Joseph Louis François Bertrand
 * Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
 * Abraham Louis Breguet
 * Haïm Brezis
 * François Bruhat

 * Please continue checking the list and then feel free to remove it. It is serving a useful temporary purpose at the moment. Thanks, Mathsci (talk) 22:34, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Jacques d'Allonville

Roger Balian

John M. Ball

Gilbert Ballet

Jean-Marie Basset

Klaus Bechgaard

Claude Berrou

Guy Bertrand

Joseph Louis François Bertrand

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq

Abraham Louis Breguet

Haïm Brezis

François Bruhat

Catherine Cesarsky

Pierre Chambon

Jean-Pierre Changeux

Gustave Choquet

Yves Coppens

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Stanislas Dehaene

Derek Denton

Catherine Dulac

Ludvig Faddeev

Albert Fert

Reinhard Genzel

John B. Goodenough

André Guinier

Erwin Hahn

Albin Haller

Serge Haroche

Christiaan Huygens

Pierre Joliot

Henri B. Kagan

Gilles Kahn

Laurent Lafforgue

Philippe de La Hire

Lucien Laubier

Jean-Marie Lehn

Jacques-Louis Lions (missing from list)

Paul Malliavin

Luc Montagnier

Vernon Mountcastle

Gustav Nossal

Louis Pasteur

Louis Poinsot

Robert Pound

Michael O. Rabin

Rex Richards

Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay

Évry Schatzman

Paul Tapponnier

Rudolf Trumpy

Jacques Villain

Mathsci (talk) 05:43, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

Ok, we will find a solution for it. As I said, it is in the first place a question of readibility, besides, the links must be fixed ("John Ball" goes to a disambiguation page...). The list at French Wikipedia purported to be a list of "current members" which led to the objections stated above in 2005. I will think about it over the week-end, and sort it out. Kraxler (talk) 17:13, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Category
Create a redirect from the fr spelling of the category to the en category so article translators find the correct one easily.LeadSongDog (talk) 14:11, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Women
Shouldn't there be something in the history or even its own section about the Academy not allowing women to join? Famously Marie Curie being denied entry even after winning the Nobel Prize in physics (and later in chemistry). Also the first woman allowed in (in the 1960s I believe)was a grad student of hers. Kllh (talk) 23:26, 1 December 2010 (UTC)
 * that's absolutely right -- you're thinking of Marguerite Perey, admitted in 1962, the first woman in the Academy. Lockley (talk) 04:10, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

Removing the members list
Per the above discussion from 2008 about the long list of Academy members with many redlinks, I went through that entire list and populated the member category accordingly, resolving links to disambig pages and other little problems. This (and some other comparisons) added 100 names to the member category. The list on this page is now redundant, the information much better reflected and maintainable within that category, so I'm going to remove it.

I also established another category, Category:Officers of the French Academy of Sciences, for presidents and secretaries and treasurers. Lockley (talk) 04:02, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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ACADEMY TODAY I notice the academy today section was lacking content, so I added the mission goals discussed on their official website.Lccm72 (talk) 16:26, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

Early days of the Academy addition
Going to add some information about the early days of the Academy, mainly details regarding its location and the facilities set aside for the Academy. Lwjt2d (talk) 16:36, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

History addition
i am going to add a sentence explaining the importance of the academy as being the lead body of French science between 1795 and 1914 Waktf3 (talk) 16:56, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

10 Title Addition
I am going to add a portion to the "History" paragraph, listing the 10 titles the Academy focused on in 1795. Mjtth9 (talk) 22:29, 9 April 2020 (UTC)mjtth9

Academy Today Addition
I am going to add more material on what the Academy is currently doing today.Lccm72 (talk) 17:41, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

New Info regarding heirarchy/membership in the early days of the academy
adding some more information pertaining to membership size and changes in the academy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lwjt2d (talk • contribs) 20:39, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

Government Interference In the Academy
Added a new section going into how the Academy was influenced by the government, especially during the Napoleonic period and reforming of the Academy in 1795.Lccm72 (talk) 23:04, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

More info on Magendie
Im going to add more information and sources for Francois Magendie, an important individual of the academy Mjtth9 (talk) 16:16, 24 April 2020 (UTC)mjtth9

Additional information regarding roles and the election process of the early academy
Adding information regarding elections in the academy and their importance. Lwjt2d (talk) 07:10, 7 May 2020 (UTC)

Possible available logo to represent?
So, while I was expanding on the Malay version of this entry, I stumbled upon this page on the Academy's members on their official site - apparently they have a striking logo of their own which seems more than enough to identify the entry in question - I can't seem to find it perusing throught the right categories in Wikimedia Commons. Can anyone (especially French-speaking Wikipedians) check on whether the logo is public domain so it can be extracted for this use? --Anumengelamun (talk) 12:33, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

The reform of 1987 interrupts the timeline of the 1600s
Would someone please consider moving the line about the the Reform of 1987 to a later place in the timeline of the narrative? The line about the reform of 1987 seems out of place between two points in the 1600s. At first reading, I found it jarring, and thought the year was a typo, until after checking the provided reference at JSTOR. I prefixed the line with a short phrase making clearer that there was a parenthetical jump to the 20th century. IGE (talk) 05:20, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

Added Citations
Hi there! I have added some citations to the article. I will gladly accept any and all recommendations or edits to these citations! Notarealperson2 (talk) 22:43, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:French Academy of Sciences


text:
Lifehouse (rock opera)

Lifehouse is an unfinished science fiction rock opera by the Who intended as a follow-up to Tommy. It was abandoned as a rock opera in favour of creating the traditional rock album Who's Next, though its songs would appear on various albums and singles by the Who, as well as Pete Townshend solo albums. In 1978, aspects of the Lifehouse project were revisited by the Who on Who Are You. In 2000, Townshend revived the Lifehouse concept with his set Lifehouse Chronicles and the sampler Lifehouse Elements. On 1 May 2007, he released an online software called The Lifehouse Method in which any "sitter" could create a musical "portrait". The site is now defunct. The artwork and design of the box set was undertaken by designer Laurence Sutherland.

Original concept
Lifehouse's story was inspired by Pete Townshend's experiences on the Tommy Tour: "I've seen moments in Who gigs where the vibrations were becoming so pure that I thought the whole world was just going to stop, the whole thing was just becoming so unified." He believed that the vibrations could become so pure that the audience would "dance themselves into oblivion". Their souls would leave their bodies and they would be in a type of heaven; a permanent state of ecstasy. The only reason this did not happen at Who gigs was because there was a knowledge in the listener's mind that the show would end and everyone would wake up and go to work the next morning. These ideas were directly linked to the writing of philosopher Inayat Khan, a Sufi musician who had written about the connection of vibration and sound with the human spirit. Another source of inspiration for Townshend was Meher Baba, who claimed to be an avatar of Brahman.

What Townshend was aiming to achieve in Lifehouse was to write music that could be adapted to reflect the personalities of the audience. To do this he wanted to adapt his newly acquired hardware, VCS3 and ARP synthesisers and a four-channel quadraphonic PA system, to create a machine capable of generating and combining personal music themes written from computerised biographical data. Ultimately, these thematic components would merge to form a "universal chord". To help this process, the Who would encourage individuals to emerge from the audience and find a role in the music.

The Lifehouse concept
Lifehouse began as a story written around several songs. According to Pete Townshend: "The essence of the story-line was a kind a futuristic scene...It's a fantasy set at a time when rock 'n' roll didn't exist. The world was completely collapsing and the only experience that anybody ever had was through test tubes. In a way they lived as if they were on television. Everything was programmed. The enemies were people who gave us entertainment intravenously, and the heroes were savages who'd kept rock 'n' roll as a primitive force and had gone to live with it in the woods. The story was about these two sides coming together and having a brief battle."

Under those circumstances, a very old guru figure emerges and says, 'I remember rock music. It was absolutely amazing—it really did something to people.' He spoke of a kind of nirvana people reached through listening to this type of music. The old man decides that he is going to try to set it up so that the effect can be experienced eternally. Everybody would be snapped out of their programmed environment through this rock and roll-induced liberated selflessness. The Lifehouse was where the music was played, and where the young people would collect to discover rock music as a powerful catalyst — a religion as it were. "Then I began to feel 'Well, why just simulate it? Why not try and make it happen?'"

The plan was for the Who to take over the Young Vic theatre with a regular audience, develop the new material on stage and allow the communal activity to influence the songs and performances. Individuals would emerge from the audience and find a role in the music and the film. When the concerts became strong enough, they would be filmed along with other peripheral activity from the theater. A storyline would evolve alongside the music. Although the finished film was to have many fictitious and scripted elements, the concert footage was to be authentic, and would provide the driving force for the whole production.

Townshend went wild, working out a complex scenario whereby a personal profile of each concertgoer would be compiled, from the individual's astrological chart to his hobbies, even physical appearance. All the characteristics would then be fed into a computer at the same moment, leading to one musical note culminating in mass nirvana that Townshend dubbed 'a kind of celestial cacophony.' This philosophy was based on the writings of Inayat Khan, a Sufi master musician who espoused the theory that matter produces heat, light, and sound in the form of unique vibrations. Taking the idea one step further, making music, which was composed of vibrations, was the pervading force of all life. Elevating its purpose to the highest level, music represented the path to restoration, the search for the one perfect universal note, which once sounded would bring harmony to the entire world. Despite Townshend's grandiose plans, the project had its problems. The theater had its own schedule of drama productions, and was not available on a regular nightly schedule that Townshend insisted was necessary for the band to sustain a "euphoric level" of performance. Townshend: "The fatal flaw...was getting obsessed with trying to make a fantasy a reality rather than letting the film speak for itself." Eventually Townshend had to let go of Lifehouse for his own sake.

Townshend's inability to translate the ideas in his head to those around him eventually led to a nervous breakdown. "It was a disaster." No one apart from himself actually understood the whole concept of Lifehouse. Even John Entwistle believed that the band were to actually stay at the Young Vic with the audience in a sort of commune. Kit Lambert, an integral part of the communication between the members of the Who, was missing. Townshend had rejected a Tommy film script written by Lambert, and later found out that he had told Universal Pictures (to whom Townshend had spoken regarding the making of the film) that Lifehouse was actually a new version of Tommy. Lambert, dejected, frustrated and hurt, had moved to New York. With Tommy, Lambert had served as Townshend’s "interpreter", explaining "to the willing but befuddled people around me what I was on about." The film was indefinitely postponed until the album had been issued. The band went to Glyn Johns to produce their collection of songs, intended for a double album. They decided to shelve most of the songs in favour of a single album, hoping that it would have "a sharper focus and greater impact" than the concept of Lifehouse had become. In August 1978 Keith Moon said the band intended to make a Lifehouse film after the film version of Quadrophenia had been completed.

Townshend also revisited the concept, in modified form, in his radio play and recording Psychoderelict, which incorporated outtakes from the Lifehouse/Who's Next sessions and demos. In the plot of Psychoderelict, a reclusive rock star named Ray High is lured out of retirement by a fan-letter hoax between his manager and a gossip columnist, ultimately staging and broadcasting a virtual reality concert similar to the Lifehouse climax. He continued discussion of these themes in his later opus The Boy Who Heard Music.

In April 2019 it was announced that a graphic novel based on the Lifehouse concept was in production, with a scheduled release date of July 2020. The graphic novel is scheduled to be released on 15 September 2023, as part of a Who's Next re-release box set.

Plot summary
Lifehouse has several variations in its storyline:

1971 version
In the world in which the album is set, pollution is so bad that the populace are forced to wear Lifesuits, suits that could simulate all experiences in a way that no one would have to leave home.

The suits are plugged into a huge mainframe called the Grid which also contains tubes for sleeping gas, food, and entertainment; supposedly, someone could live out tens of thousands of lifetimes in a very short period within the Grid. The Grid is controlled by a man named Jumbo.

The story begins when a farming family in Scotland hear of a huge rock concert called Lifehouse occurring in London, a sort of post-apocalyptic Woodstock. Their daughter, Mary, runs away to join the concert. They don't wear Lifesuits because they are supposedly out of the pollution's range and they farm the crops that the government buys to feed the Lifesuiters. Bobby is the creator of Lifehouse. (Bobby was also the tentative name of the project for a time.) He is a hacker who broadcasts pirate radio signals advertising his concert, where the participants' personal data are taken from them and converted into music, quite literally "finding your song". At the climax of the album, the authorities have surrounded the Lifehouse; then the perfect note rings forth through the combination of everybody's songs, they storm the place to find everybody has disappeared through a sort of musical Rapture, and the people observing the concert through their Lifesuits have vanished as well.

1972 additions
In 1972, at Daltrey's suggestion, Townshend wrote new songs related to the Lifehouse plot line. These songs included "Relay", "Join Together", and "Put the Money Down". Also three songs were apparently recorded for inclusion on the unfinished followup to Who's Next, titled Rock Is Dead—Long Live Rock! Instead, the band released "Relay" and "Join Together" as singles that year. "Put the Money Down" was not completed until 1974, when it was released on the outtakes and rarities compilation, Odds & Sods.

1978 version
Set two hundred years after the events in the Who's Next version, this tells the story of another attempt at a Lifehouse concert. The concert holders are helped by "muso", a cult that worships music, and are hated by Plusbond, the group that runs the Grid and the Lifesuits.

1999 radio play version
Ray and Sally are farmers who grow, as Sally said, "dead potatoes". Their daughter, Mary, runs away from home to visit a hacker who has fascinated her with pirated radio advertisements. Ray goes to try to find his lost child and along the way he meets his childhood self, Rayboy, and his imaginary friend, the caretaker.

2023 graphic novel version
In 2023 a graphic novel of the story was released. It features a far more apocalyptic storyline, where a tyrannical government is overseen by Jumbo 7, who bans music and plans to use a "silver child" named Valentina to weaponize sound. Mary awakens from "grid-sleep" and finds the Lifehouse, where she learns about music from a guru-like musician and hacker named Bobby and leads the concert. It features a much darker ending than any of the other versions.

Radio play
Pete Townshend, along with playwright Jeff Young, completed a musical radio play script of Lifehouse as a collaboration between BBC Radio Drama and Eel Pie, Townshend's publishing company. The recorded version of this script is available on Lifehouse Chronicles, and the text is available as a Simon & Schuster Pocket Books, First Edition 1999.

The book contains the unedited radio play script of Lifehouse as well as an introduction by Townshend. The first broadcast of the radio play took place on 5 December 1999 on BBC Radio 3.

Intended track listing
Below is the track listing of the 1971 version of the Lifehouse album as listed on the first two discs of Pete Townshend's Lifehouse Chronicles, without the post-1971 songs; all songs written by Townshend

Intended personnel
The Who Additional personnel
 * Pete Townshend – songwriter, guitar, keyboards, synthesizer, banjo, vocals
 * Roger Daltrey – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion
 * John Entwistle – bass guitar, trumpet, French horn, vocals
 * Keith Moon – drums, percussion
 * Nicky Hopkins – piano, Hammond organ

Related albums

 * 1971: Who's Next released by the Who
 * 1972: Who Came First released by Pete Townshend
 * 1974: Odds & Sods released by the Who
 * 1975: The Who by Numbers released by the Who
 * 1978: Who Are You released by the Who
 * 1981: Hooligans released by the Who
 * 1982: It's Hard released by the Who
 * 2000: Lifehouse Chronicles released by Pete Townshend
 * 2000: Lifehouse Elements released by Pete Townshend
 * 2012: Method Music released by Lawrence Ball
 * 2023: Who's Next / Life House [Super Deluxe Edition] released by The Who

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lifehouse (rock opera)


text:
User talk:FloydPink

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
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title: User talk:FloydPink


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P. N. Elrod

Patricia Nead Elrod (born 1954) is an American novelist specializing in urban fantasy. She has written in the mystery, romance, paranormal, and historical genres with at least one foray into comedic fantasy. Elrod is also an editor, having worked on several collections for Ace Science Fiction, DAW, Benbella Books, and St. Martin's Griffin. She self-published a signed, limited edition novel under her own imprint, Vampwriter Books.

In 2010, she was nominated for the RT Book Reviews Career Achievement Award in Urban Fantasy.

In 2011, she was presented with the RT Book Reviews Pioneer Achievement Award in Vampire Fiction.

Her suspense short story, Beach Girl, won the 2011 Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine Readers Choice Award.

Overview
P. N. Elrod's start in professional publishing began at TSR writing gaming modules. She has published more than twenty-five novels, beginning in 1990 with her Vampire Files urban fantasy series, featuring hard-boiled private investigator Jack Fleming and his partner, Charles Escott, girlfriend, Bobbi Smythe, and other recurring characters. The 12 books and counting are set in 1930s Chicago. Jack's first case was solving his own murder.

Next came the Jonathan Barrett, Gentleman Vampire series, set during the American Revolution. The twist on these historicals is that Barrett and his family are on the side of the British throughout the revolution, offering a unique point of view of the times.

Another series co-authored with actor Nigel Bennett, who played the evil yet seductive LaCroix on the television show Forever Knight, is of a very different character, but still features a good guy vampire. The three book Lord Richard, Vampire series from Baen Books are set in a different universe than the Files & Barrett books, but this "James Bond with fangs" maintains Elrod's premise that there are different breeds of vampires co-existing out there.

Using this premise, she has linked her universe to that of Bram Stoker with her sequel to Dracula, Quincey Morris, Vampire. Quincey was killed at the end of Dracula, but is resurrected as a vampire himself, albeit a different breed than the infamous count. Lord Richard makes a brief cameo appearance in the story, and Morris' vampiric state is attributed to a previous blood-sharing with Nora Jones from Elrod's Jonathan Barrett series.

Also quite different, and qualifying as horror, are the Dungeons & Dragons-related books in the Ravenloft world featuring the dark and sinister vampire Count Strahd von Zarovich. These books, I, Strahd: Memoirs of a Vampire, and its sequel, I, Strahd: The War With Azalin, have garnered her critical acclaim from mainstream reviewers.

With The Adventures of Myhr she broke into the humorous fantasy genre. Myhr is half-man, half-cat and all adventure, magically jumping from world to world spreading the good news about pizza and Beatles karaoke. His partner is a cranky wizard fond of techno raves and obscene T-shirt art.

Elrod has authored around two dozen short stories in the fantasy, romance, science fiction, mystery, and horror genres, and edited several collections including Time of the Vampires, Dracula in London, and with Roxanne Conrad (aka Rachel Caine) Stepping Through the Stargate: The Science, Archaeology, and Military of Stargate SG-1 The latter is non-fiction and has contributions from world-famous scientists, doctors, the USAF military, FX wizards, and actors from the TV series.

In 2006, she edited an anthology of supernatural romance stories, My Big Fat Supernatural Wedding, which made the USA Today Bestseller list, and won the 2006 P.E.A.R.L. Awards for best anthology.

She followed it with My Big Fat Supernatural Honeymoon, released in January 2008 from St. Martin's Griffin. It made the New York Times Bestseller extended list and won an honorable mention in the 2007 Pearl Awards for best anthology.

The anthology, Strange Brew, from St. Martin's, also reached the New York Times extended bestseller list in July 2009.

Her collection Dark and Stormy Knights, also with St. Martin's Griffin, was released in July 2010.

Also sold, a new steampunk series, On Her Majesty's Psychic Service, to Tor Books in 2010.

In April 2011, Elrod was presented with the RT Book Review's Pioneers of Genre Fiction Award for "Forging the Way in Vampire Fiction Since 1990."

Her short story, "Beach Girl", published in the November 2011 edition of Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, was presented with first place for their annual Readers' Choice Award.

Her collection, Hex Symbols, was released by St. Martin's in June 2012.

Jonathan Barrett, Gentleman Vampire

 * 1) Red Death (1993, 2004 re-release)
 * 2) Death and the Maiden (1994, 2004 re-release)
 * 3) Death Masque (1995, 2004 re-release)
 * 4) Dance of Death (1996, 2004 re-release)

Ravenloft
Abridged, three-hour audiobook from Random House, performed by Roddy McDowell Both available as audiobooks, unabridged.
 * I, Strahd: The Memoirs of a Vampire (1993, ISBN 1-56076-670-0)
 * I, Strahd: The War Against Azalin (1998, ISBN 0-7869-0754-1)

Her Majesty's Psychic Service series

 * 1) The Hanged Man

Other novels

 * Quincey Morris, Vampire (Baen Books 2001, ISBN 0-671-31988-4); an expansion of the short story "The Wind Breathes Cold"
 * The Adventures of Myhr (Baen Books 2003, ISBN 0-7434-3532-X)
 * On Her Majesty's Psychic Service: The Hanged Man (Tor Books May, 2015 ISBN 978-0765329714)
 * On Her Majesty's Psychic Service: The Chariot (Tor Books TBD)
 * On Her Majesty's Psychic Service: The Empress (Tor Books TBD)

Co-writing with Nigel Bennett

 * Keeper of the King (with Nigel Bennett) (Baen Books 1997, ISBN 0-671-87759-3)
 * His Father's Son  (with Nigel Bennett) (Baen Books 2001, ISBN 0-671-31981-7)
 * Siege Perilous    (with Nigel Bennett) (Baen Books 2004, ISBN 0-7434-8854-7)

title: P. N. Elrod


text:
User talk:Guido del Confuso

Hello, "Guido del Confuso" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. -- Infrogmation 00:18, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

title: User talk:Guido del Confuso


text:
Dutty Boukman

Dutty Boukman (or Boukman Dutty; died 7 November 1791) was an early leader of the Haitian Revolution. Born in Senegambia (present-day Senegal and Gambia), he was enslaved to Jamaica. He eventually ended up in Haiti, where he became a leader of the Maroons and a vodou houngan (priest).

According to some contemporary accounts, Boukman, alongside Cécile Fatiman, a Vodou mambo, presided over the religious ceremony at Bois Caïman, in August 1791, that served as the catalyst to the 1791 slave revolt which is usually considered the beginning of the Haitian Revolution.

Boukman was a key leader of the slave revolt in the Le Cap‑Français region in the north of the colony. He was killed by the French planters and colonial troops on 7 November 1791, just a few months after the beginning of the uprising. The French then publicly displayed Boukman's head in an attempt to dispel the aura of invincibility that Boukman had cultivated. The fact that French authorities did this illustrates their belief in the importance Boukman held to Haitian people during this time.

Background
In about 1767, Dutty Boukman was born in the region of Senegambia (present-day Senegal and Gambia), where he was an ulama. He was captured in Senegambia, and transported as a slave to the Caribbean, first to the island of Jamaica, then Saint-Domingue, modern-day Haiti, where he reverted to his indigenous religion and became a Haitian Vodou houngan priest. After he attempted to teach other slaves how to read, he was sold to a French plantation owner and placed as a commandeur (slave driver) and, later, a coach driver. His French name came from his English nickname, "Book Man", which scholars like Sylviane Anna Diouf and Sylviane Kamara have interpreted as having Islamic origins; they note that the term "man of the book" is a synonym for a Muslim in many parts of the world. Laurent Dubois argues that Boukman may have practiced a syncretic blend of traditional African religion and a form of Abrahamic religion.

Ceremony at the Bois Caïman
Contemporaneous accounts place the ceremony at Bois Caïman on or about 14 August 1791. Boukman and priestess Cécile Fatiman presided over the last of a series of meetings to organize a slave revolt for weeks in advance; the co-conspirators in attendance included Jean François, Biassou, Jeannot, and others. An animal was sacrificed, an oath was taken, and Boukman gave the following speech:

"...This God who made the sun, who brings us light from above, who raises the sea, and who makes the storm rumble. That God is there, do you understand? Hiding in a cloud, He watches us, he sees all that the whites do! The God of the whites pushes them to crime, but he wants us to do good deeds. But the God who is so good orders us to vengeance. He will direct our hands, and give us help. Throw away the image of the God of the whites who thirsts for our tears. Listen to the liberty that speaks in all our hearts."

According to Gothenburg University researcher Markel Thylefors, "The event of the Bois Caïman ceremony forms an important part of Haitian national identity as it relates to the very genesis of Haiti."

According to the Encyclopedia of African Religion, "Blood from the animal was given in a drink to the attendees to seal their fates in loyalty to the cause of liberation of Saint-Domingue." A week later, 1800 plantations had been destroyed and 1000 slaveholders killed. Boukman was not the first to attempt a slave uprising in Saint-Domingue, as he was preceded by others, such as Padrejean in 1676, and François Mackandal in 1757. However, his large size, warrior-like appearance, and fearsome temper made him an effective leader and helped spark the Haitian Revolution.

Legacy and references in popular culture

 * The band Boukman Eksperyans was named after him.
 * A fictionalized version of Boukman appears as the title character in American writer Guy Endore's novel Babouk, an anti-capitalist parable about the Haitian Revolution.
 * Haitians honored Boukman by admitting him into the pantheon of loa (guiding spirits).
 * The Boukman ("Bouckmann") uprising is retold in the Lance Horner book The Black Sun.
 * "The Bookman" is one of several devil masquerade characters still performed in Trinidad Carnival.
 * Haitian community activist Sanba Boukman, assassinated on 9 March 2012, took his name from Boukman.
 * In the 2014 film Top Five, the main character, André Allen (played by Chris Rock), is in the midst of a promotional tour for a Boukman biopic called Uprize.
 * In the Edwidge Danticat short story A Wall of Fire Rising, the character of Little Guy is cast as Boukman in his school play.

title: Dutty Boukman


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Dental restoration

Dental restoration, dental fillings, or simply fillings are treatments used to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma as well as to the replacement of such structure supported by dental implants. They are of two broad types—direct and indirect—and are further classified by location and size. A root canal filling, for example, is a restorative technique used to fill the space where the dental pulp normally resides.

Tooth preparation

Restoring a tooth to good form and function requires two steps: The process of preparation usually involves cutting the tooth with a rotary dental handpiece and dental burrs, a dental laser, or through air abrasion (or in the case of atraumatic restorative treatment, hand instruments), to make space for the planned restorative materials and to remove any dental decay or portions of the tooth that are structurally unsound. If permanent restoration cannot be carried out immediately after tooth preparation, temporary restoration may be performed.
 * 1) preparing the tooth for placement of restorative material or materials, and
 * 2) placement of these materials.

The prepared tooth, ready for placement of restorative materials, is generally called a tooth preparation. Materials used may be gold, amalgam, dental composites, glass ionomer cement, or porcelain, among others.

Preparations may be intracoronal or extracoronal. Intracoronal preparations are those which serve to hold restorative material within the confines of the structure of the crown of a tooth. Examples include all classes of cavity preparations for composite or amalgam as well as those for gold and porcelain inlays. Intracoronal preparations are also made as female recipients to receive the male components of removable partial dentures. Extracoronal preparations provide a core or base upon which restorative material will be placed to bring the tooth back into a functional and aesthetic structure. Examples include crowns and onlays, as well as veneers.

In preparing a tooth for a restoration, a number of considerations will determine the type and extent of the preparation. The most important factor to consider is decay. For the most part, the extent of the decay will define the extent of the preparation, and in turn, the subsequent method and appropriate materials for restoration.

Another consideration is unsupported tooth structure. When preparing the tooth to receive a restoration, unsupported enamel is removed to allow for a more predictable restoration. While enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, it is particularly brittle, and unsupported enamel fractures easily.

A systematic review concluded that for decayed baby (primary) teeth, putting an off‐the‐shelf metal crown over the tooth (Hall technique) or only partially removing decay (also referred to as "selective removal" ) before placing a filling may be better than the conventional treatment of removing all decay before filling. For decayed adult (permanent) teeth, partial removal (also referred to as "selective removal" ) of decay before filling the tooth, or adding a second stage to this treatment where more decay is removed after several months, may be better than conventional treatment.

Direct restorations
This technique involves placing a soft or malleable filling into the prepared tooth and building up the tooth. The material is then set hard and the tooth is restored. Where a wall of the tooth is missing and needs to be rebuilt, a matrix should be used before placing the material to recreate the shape of the tooth, so it is cleansable and to prevent the teeth from sticking together. Sectional matrices are generally preferred to circumferential matrices when placing composite restorations in that they favour the formation of a contact point. This is important to reduce patient complaints of food impaction between the teeth. However, sectional matrices can be more technique sensitive to use, so care and skill is required to prevent problems occurring in the final restoration. The advantage of direct restorations is that they are usually set quickly and can be placed in a single procedure. The dentist has a variety of different filling options to choose from. A decision is usually made based on the location and severity of the associated cavity. Since the material is required to set while in contact with the tooth, limited energy (heat) is passed to the tooth from the setting process.

Indirect restorations
In this technique the restoration is fabricated outside of the mouth using the dental impressions of the prepared tooth. Common indirect restorations include inlays and onlays, crowns, bridges, and veneers. Usually a dental technician fabricates the indirect restoration from records the dentist has provided. The finished restoration is usually bonded permanently with a dental cement. It is often done in two separate visits to the dentist. Common indirect restorations are done using gold or ceramics.

While the indirect restoration is being prepared, a provisory/temporary restoration is sometimes used to cover the prepared tooth to help maintain the surrounding dental tissues.

Removable dental prostheses (mainly dentures) are sometimes considered a form of indirect dental restoration, as they are made to replace missing teeth. There are numerous types of precision attachments (also known as combined restorations) to aid removable prosthetic attachment to teeth, including magnets, clips, hooks, and implants which may themselves be seen as a form of dental restoration.

The CEREC method is a chairside CAD/CAM restorative procedure. An optical impression of the prepared tooth is taken using a camera. Next, the specific software takes the digital picture and converts it into a 3D virtual model on the computer screen. A ceramic block that matches the tooth shade is placed in the milling machine. An all-ceramic, tooth-colored restoration is finished and ready to bond in place.

Another fabrication method is to import STL and native dental CAD files into CAD/CAM software products that guide the user through the manufacturing process. The software can select the tools, machining sequences and cutting conditions optimized for particular types of materials, such as titanium and zirconium, and for particular prostheses, such as copings and bridges. In some cases, the intricate nature of some implants requires the use of 5-axis machining methods to reach every part of the job.

Cavity classifications
Greene Vardiman Black classification:

G.V. Black classified the cavities depending on their site:

 * Class I Caries affecting pit and fissure, on occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of molars and premolars, and palatal of maxillary incisors.
 * Class II Caries affecting proximal surfaces of molars and premolars.
 * Class III Caries affecting proximal surfaces of centrals, laterals, and cuspids.
 * Class IV Caries affecting proximal including incisal edges of anterior teeth.
 * Class V Caries affecting gingival 1/3 of facial or lingual surfaces of anterior or posterior teeth.
 * Class VI Caries affecting cusp tips of molars, premolars, and cuspids.

Graham J. Mount's classification:

Mount classified cavities depending on their site and size. The proposed classification was designed to simplify the identification of lesions and to define their complexity as they enlarge.

Site:

 * Pit/Fissure: 1
 * Contact area: 2
 * Cervical: 3

Size:

 * Minimal: 1
 * Moderate: 2
 * Enlarged: 3
 * Extensive: 4

Alloys
The following casting alloys are mostly used for making crowns, bridges and dentures. Titanium, usually commercially pure but sometimes a 90% alloy, is used as the anchor for dental implants as it is biocompatible and can integrate into bone.

 * Precious metallic alloys

 * gold (high purity: 99.7%)
 * gold alloys (with high gold content)
 * gold-platina alloy
 * silver-palladium alloy

 * Base metallic alloys

 * cobalt-chrome alloy
 * nickel-chrome alloy

Amalgam
Amalgams are alloys formed by a reaction between two or more metals, one of which is mercury. It is a hard restorative material and is silvery-grey in colour. One of the oldest direct restorative materials still in use, dental amalgam was widely used in the past with a high degree of success, although recently its popularity has declined due to a number of reasons, including the development of alternative bonded restorative materials, increase in demand for more aesthetic restorations and public perceptions concerning the potential health risks of the material.

The composition of dental amalgam is controlled by the ISO Standard for dental amalgam alloy (ISO 1559). The major components of amalgam are silver, tin and copper. Other metals and small amounts of minor elements such as zinc, mercury, palladium, platinum and indium are also present. Earlier versions of dental amalgams, known as 'conventional' amalgams consisted of at least 65 wt% silver, 29 wt% tin, and less than 6 wt% copper. Improvements in the understanding of the structure of amalgam post-1986 gave rise to copper-enriched amalgam alloys, which contain between 12 wt% and 30 wt% copper and at least 40 wt% silver. The higher level of copper improved the setting reaction of amalgam, giving greater corrosion resistance and early strength after setting.

Possible indications for amalgam are for load-bearing restorations in medium to large sized cavities in posterior teeth, and in core build-ups when a definitive restoration will be an indirect cast restoration such as a crown or bridge retainer. Contraindications for amalgam are if aesthetics are paramount to patient due to the colour of the material. Amalgams should be avoided if the patient has a history of sensitivity to mercury or other amalgam components. Besides that, amalgam is avoided if there is extensive loss of tooth substance such that a retentive cavity cannot be produced, or if excessive removal of health tooth substance would be required to produce a retentive cavity.

Advantages of amalgam include durability - if placed under ideal conditions, there is evidence of good long term clinical performance of the restorations. Placement time of amalgam is shorter compared to that of composites and the restoration can be completed in a single appointment. The material is also more technique-forgiving compared to composite restorations used for that purpose. Dental amalgam is also radiopaque which is beneficial for differentiating the material between tooth tissues on radiographs for diagnosing secondary caries. The cost of the restoration is typically cheaper than composite restorations.

Disadvantages of amalgam include poor aesthetic qualities due to its colour. Amalgam does not bond to tooth easily, hence it relies on mechanical forms of retention. Examples of this are undercuts, slots/grooves or root canal posts. In some cases this may necessitate excessive amounts of healthy tooth structure to be removed. Hence, alternative resin-based or glass-ionomer cement-based materials are used instead for smaller restorations including pit and small fissure caries. There is also a risk of marginal breakdown in the restorations. This could be due to corrosion which may result in "creep" and "ditching" of the restoration. Creep can be defined as the slow internal stressing and deformation of amalgam under stress. This effect is reduced by incorporating copper into amalgam alloys. Some patients may experience local sensitivity reactions to amalgam.

Although the mercury in cured amalgam is not available as free mercury, concern of its toxicity has existed since the invention of amalgam as a dental material. It is banned or restricted in Norway, Sweden and Finland. See dental amalgam controversy.

Direct gold
Direct gold fillings were practiced during the times of the Civil War in America. Although rarely used today, due to expense and specialized training requirements, gold foil can be used for direct dental restorations.

Composite resin

Dental composites, commonly described to patients as "tooth-colored fillings", are a group of restorative materials used in dentistry. They can be used in direct restorations to fill in the cavities created by dental caries and trauma, minor buildup for restoring tooth wear (non-carious tooth surface loss) and filling in small gaps between teeth (labial veneer). Dental composites are also used as indirect restoration to make crowns and inlays in the laboratory.

These materials are similar to those used in direct fillings and are tooth-colored. Their strength and durability is not as high as porcelain or metal restorations and they are more prone to wear and discolouration. As with other composite materials, a dental composite typically consists of a resin-based matrix, which contains a modified methacrylate or acrylate. Two examples of such commonly used monomers include bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BISMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), together with tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGMA). TEGMA is a comonomer which can be used to control viscosity, as Bis GMA is a large molecule with high viscosity, for easier clinical handling. Inorganic filler such as silica, quartz or various glasses, are added to reduce polymerization shrinkage by occupying volume and to confirm radio-opacity of products due to translucency in property, which can be helpful in diagnosis of dental caries around dental restorations. The filler particles give the composites wear resistance as well. Compositions vary widely, with proprietary mixes of resins forming the matrix, as well as engineered filler glasses and glass ceramics. A coupling agent such as silane is used to enhance the bond between resin matrix and filler particles. An initiator package begins the polymerization reaction of the resins when external energy (light/heat, etc.) is applied. For example, camphorquinone can be excited by visible blue light with critical wavelength of 460-480 nm to yield necessary free radicals to start the process.

After tooth preparation, a thin primer or bonding agent is used. Modern photo-polymerised composites are applied and cured in relatively thin layers as determined by their opacity. After some curing, the final surface will be shaped and polished.

Glass ionomer cement
A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a class of materials commonly used in dentistry as direct filling materials and/or for luting indirect restorations. GIC can also be placed as a lining material in some restorations for extra protection. These tooth-coloured materials were introduced in 1972 for use as restorative materials for anterior teeth (particularly for eroded areas).

The material consists of two main components: Liquid and powder. The liquid is the acidic component containing of polyacrylic acid and tartaric acid (added to control the setting characteristics). The powder is the basic component consisting of sodium alumino-silicate glass. The desirable properties of glass ionomer cements make them useful materials in the restoration of carious lesions in low-stress areas such as smooth-surface and small anterior proximal cavities in primary teeth.

Advantages of using glass ionomer cement:

 * The addition of tartaric acid to GIC leads to a shortened setting time, hence providing better handling properties. This makes it easier for the operator to use the material in clinic.
 * GIC does not require bond, it can bond to enamel and dentine without the need for use of an intermediate material. Conventional GIC also has a good sealing ability providing little leakage around restoration margins and reducing the risk of secondary caries.
 * GIC contains and releases fluoride after being placed therefore it helps in preventing carious lesions in teeth.
 * It has good thermal properties as the expansion under stimulus is similar to dentine.
 * The material does not contract on setting meaning it is not subject to shrinkage and microleakage.
 * GIC is also less susceptible to staining and colour change than composite.

Disadvantages of using Glass ionomer cement:

 * GIC have poor wear resistance, they are usually weak after setting and are not stable in water however this improves when time goes on and progression reactions take place. Due to their low strength GICs are not appropriate to be placed in cavities in areas which bear an increase amount of occlusal load or wear.
 * The material is susceptible to moisture when it is first placed.
 * GIC varies in translucency therefore it can have poor aesthetics, especially noticeable if placed on anterior teeth.

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer

Resin modified glass ionomer was developed to combine the properties of glass ionomer cement with composite technology. It comes in a powder-liquid form. The powder contains fluro-alumino-silicate glass, barium glass (provides radiopacity), potassium persulphate (a redox catalyst to provide resin cure in the dark) and other components such as pigments. The liquid consists of HEMA (water miscible resin), polyacrylic acid (with pendant methacrylate groups) and tartaric acid. This can undergo both acid base and polymerisation reactions. It also has photoinitiators present which enable light curing.

The ionomer has a number of uses in dentistry. It can be applied as fissure sealant, placed in endodontic access cavity as a temporary filling and a luting agent. It can also be used to restore lesions in both primary and permanent dentition. They are easier to use and are a very popular group of materials.

Advantages of using RMGIC:

 * Provides a good bond to enamel and dentine.
 * It has better physical properties than GIC.
 * A Lower solubility in moisture.
 * It also releases fluoride over time.
 * Provided better translucency and aesthetics as compared to GIC.
 * Better handling properties making it easier to use.

Disadvantages of using RMGIC:

 * Polymerisation Contraction can cause microleakage around restoration margins
 * It has an exothermic setting reaction which can cause potential damage to tooth tissue.
 * The material swells due to uptake of water as HEMA is extremely hydrophilic.
 * Monomer leaching : HEMA is toxic to the pulp therefore it must be polymerised completely.
 * The strength of the material reduces if its not light-cured.

GIC and RMGIC are used in dentistry, there will be times when one of these materials is better than the other but that is dependant upon the clinical situation. However in most cases the ease of use is deciding factor.

Compomer
Dental compomers are another type of white filling material although their use is not as widespread.

Compomers were formed by modifying dental composites with poly-acid in an effort to combine the desirable properties of dental composites, namely their good aesthetics, and glass ionomer cements, namely their ability to release fluoride over a long time. Whilst this combination of good aesthetics and fluoride release may seem to give compomers a selective advantage, their poor mechanical properties (detailed below) limits their use.

Compomers have a lower wear resistance and a lower compressive, flexural and tensile strength than dental composites, although their wear resistance is greater than resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements. Compomers cannot adhere directly to tooth tissue like glass ionomer cements; they require a bonding agent like dental composites.

Compomers may be used as a cavity lining material and a restorative material for non-load bearing cavities. In Paediatric dentistry, they can also be used as a fissure sealant material.

The luting version of compomer may be used to cement cast alloy and ceramic-metal restorations, and to cement orthodontic bands in Paediatric patients. However, compomer luting cement should not be used with all-ceramic crowns.

Porcelain (ceramics)

Full-porcelain dental materials include dental porcelain (porcelain meaning a high-firing-temperature ceramic), other ceramics, sintered-glass materials, and glass-ceramics as indirect fillings and crowns or metal-free "jacket crowns". They are also used as inlays, onlays, and aesthetic veneers. A veneer is a very thin shell of porcelain that can replace or cover part of the enamel of the tooth. Full-porcelain restorations are particularly desirable because their color and translucency mimic natural tooth enamel.

Another type is known as porcelain-fused-to-metal, which is used to provide strength to a crown or bridge. These restorations are very strong, durable and resistant to wear, because the combination of porcelain and metal creates a stronger restoration than porcelain used alone.

One of the advantages of computerized dentistry (CAD/CAM technologies) involves the use of machinable ceramics which are sold in a partially sintered, machinable state that is fired again after machining to form a hard ceramic. Some of the materials used are glass-bonded porcelain (Vitablock), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (a ceramic crystallizing from a glass by special heat treatment), and phase stabilized zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO2). Previous attempts to utilize high-performance ceramics such as zirconium-oxide were thwarted by the fact that this material could not be processed using the traditional methods used in dentistry. Because of its high strength and comparatively much higher fracture toughness, sintered zirconium oxide can be used in posterior crowns and bridges, implant abutments, and root dowel pins. Lithium disilicate (used in the latest Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramics CEREC product) also has the fracture resistance needed for use on molars. Some all-ceramic restorations, such as porcelain-fused-to-alumina set the standard for high aesthetics in dentistry because they are strong and their color and translucency mimic natural tooth enamel.

Cast metals and porcelain-on-metal were the standard material for crowns and bridges for long time. The full ceramic restorations are now the major choice of patients and are of commonly applied by dentists.

Comparison

 * Composites and amalgam are used mainly for direct restoration. Composites can be made of color matching the tooth, and the surface can be polished after the filling procedure has been completed.
 * Amalgam fillings expand with age, possibly cracking the tooth and requiring repair and filling replacement, but chance of leakage of filling is less.
 * Composite fillings shrink with age and may pull away from the tooth allowing leakage. If leakage is not noticed early, recurrent decay may occur.
 * A 2003 study showed that fillings have a finite lifespan: an average of 12.8 years for amalgam and 7.8 years for composite resins. Fillings fail because of changes in the filling, tooth or the bond between them. Secondary cavity formation can also affect the structural integrity the original filling. Fillings are recommended for small to medium-sized restorations.
 * Inlays and onlays are more expensive indirect restoration alternative to direct fillings. They are supposed to be more durable, but long-term studies did not always detect a significantly lower failure rate of ceramic or composite inlays compared to composite direct fillings.
 * Porcelain, cobalt-chrome, and gold are used for indirect restorations like crowns and partial coverage crowns (onlays). Traditional porcelains are brittle and are not always recommended for molar restorations. Some hard porcelains cause excessive wear on opposing teeth.

Experimental
The US National Institute of Dental Research and international organizations as well as commercial suppliers conduct research on new materials. In 2010, researchers reported that they were able to stimulate mineralization of an enamel-like layer of fluorapatite in vivo. Filling material that is compatible with pulp tissue has been developed; it could be used where previously a root canal or extraction was required, according to 2016 reports.

Restoration using dental implants
Dental implants are anchors placed in bone, usually made from titanium or titanium alloy. They can support dental restorations which replace missing teeth. Some restorative applications include supporting crowns, bridges, or dental prostheses.

Irritation of the nerve
When a deep cavity had been filled, there is a possibility that the nerve may have been irritated. This can result in short term sensitivity to cold and hot substances, and pain when biting down on the specific tooth. It may settle down on its own. If not, then alternative treatment such as root canal treatment may be considered to resolve the pain while keeping the tooth.

Weakening of tooth structure
In situations where a relatively larger amount of tooth structure has been lost or replaced with a filling material, the overall strength of the tooth may be affected. This significantly increases the risk of the tooth fracturing off in the future when excess force is placed on the tooth, such as trauma or grinding teeth at night, leading to cracked tooth syndrome.

title: Dental restoration


text:
Division of Dobell

The Division of Dobell is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.

The current MP is Emma McBride, a member of the Australian Labor Party. She has served since 2016.

History
The Division of Dobell was created in 1984 and is named in honour of Sir William Dobell, the painter. Dobell was originally a fairly safe seat for the Australian Labor Party, held by Michael Lee, a former minister in the Keating government. The seat was won by the Liberal Party in the 2001 election. The Liberals consolidated their hold on the seat at the 2004 election; however Labor regained the seat at the 2007 election when Craig Thomson defeated Ken Ticehurst.

The seat has been held by Labor’s Emma McBride since 2016.

Boundaries
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

The division is located in the Central Coast region and includes the suburbs of The Entrance, Tuggerah and Wyong. The electorate stretches from Blue Haven in the north to Wyoming in the south, from The Entrance in the East through the Jilliby Valley. The division includes the suburbs Bateau Bay, Berkeley Vale, Blue Haven, The Entrance, Gorokan, Jilliby, Lisarow, Ourimbah, Toukley, Tuggerah, Tumbi Umbi, Wamberal, Wyoming, and Wyong.

Election results
{{legend|#DE3533|Labor}} {{legend|#0047AB|Liberal}} {{legend|#00A651|Greens}} {{legend|#FFCD00|Australian Democrats}} {{legend|#F36C21|One Nation}} {{legend|#FFED00|Palmer United/United Australia Party}} {{legend|#888888|Independent}}

title: Division of Dobell


text:
Morris Gray

Morris Abraham Gray (May 16, 1889 -January 22, 1966 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the provincial legislature from 1941 to 1966, and was a prominent figure in the province's social-democratic Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) during this period.

Biography
Gray was born to Abraham and Sara Gur-Arie, a Jewish family in Gomel (now in Belarus), and received a high school education in that region. He arrived in Canada in 1908, a committed leftist following the attempted revolution of 1905. In 1911, he married Sonia Bruser.

Gray was a founder of the Canadian Jewish Congress, and at one stage served as its national Vice-President. He also became a member of the Mount Sinai Masonic Lodge and the Jewish Children's Aid Society, and was an Executive Member of the Canada Club.

Gray served as a member of the Winnipeg School Board from 1926 to 1930, and was an Alderman in the city of Winnipeg from 1930 to 1942. He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1941, in the riding of Winnipeg. At the time, Winnipeg elected ten members by preferential balloting. Gray topped the CCF list on the first count, with 3,086 votes (ahead of party leader Seymour Farmer), finishing in eighth place overall. Gray and Farmer were subsequently elected on transfers, although longtime Independent Labour Party/CCF Member of the Legislative Assembly John Queen was defeated.

The 1941 election took place in a period of reduced support for the provincial CCF. The party had joined an all-party coalition government the previous year, with Farmer serving as Minister of Labour under Liberal-Progressive Premier John Bracken. The alliance proved disastrous for the CCF, who regularly saw their initiatives thwarted by the other parties. The demoralized party won only three seats in the entire province. After the alliance ended in 1943, Gray played a prominent role in rebuilding the CCF's organization.

The CCF performed much more strongly in the 1945 general election, winning four seats in Winnipeg: Farmer (who topped the poll), Gray (who finished sixth), Lloyd Stinson and Donovan Swailes. The party was unable to match this success in the rest of the province, however, and remained in opposition.

In the provincial election of 1949, the City of Winnipeg was divided into three electoral zones, each of which elected four members. Gray ran in Winnipeg North, where he topped the poll and was the only candidate to be elected on the first count. He repeated this performance in the 1953 election; on both occasions, his leading opponent was Bill Kardash of the communist Labour Progressive Party.

Manitoba adopted a system of single-member constituencies for Winnipeg in the mid-1950s, and Gray (despite his strong objection to the new system) was easily elected for the riding of Inkster in the provincial election of 1958. He faced a slightly more serious challenge from the Progressive Conservatives in the 1959 election (in which PC leader Dufferin Roblin won an historic majority), but still defeated his leading opponent by over 1,500 votes. The CCF merged itself into the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1961, and Gray joined the new party along with other members of his caucus.

Gray's final election, in 1962, was the closest of his career, as he defeated Liberal candidate John Shanski by fewer than 600 votes. He died shortly before the election of 1966, and his riding was subsequently won by Sidney Green of the NDP.

Gray was respected by members of all parties for his advocacy on behalf of the disadvantaged. He frequently used the phrase, "I know mine is a voice in the wilderness" in his parliamentary orations. Among the causes he championed were a provincial labour code, health insurance, child welfare legislation, mother's allowances and old age pensions. His appeals for supplementary aid for old-age pensioners were turned down fourteen years in a row by the governments of Stuart Garson and Douglas L. Campbell. Gray was voted "Citizen of the Year" by the Winnipeg Tribune in 1958.

He died in Winnipeg at the age of 76.

Morris Gray was the uncle of Gerald B. Gray, a Manitoba businessman, philanthropist and community leader.

title: Morris Gray


text:
Lifehouse (band)

Lifehouse is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California comprising Jason Wade (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano), Rick Woolstenhulme Jr. (drums, percussion), Bryce Soderberg (bass, vocals), and Steve Stout (lead guitar). The band came to mainstream prominence with their 2000 single "Hanging by a Moment," which led their debut studio album, No Name Face (2000). The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, won a Billboard Music Award for Hot 100 Single of the Year—having spent 20 weeks within the top ten and over a cumulative year on the chart —and was named the best-performing single of 2001 despite not reaching the top position, making it the fourth song in the chart's history to do so.

Following their debut, the band released six follow up albums: Stanley Climbfall (2002), their eponymous third album (2005), Who We Are (2007), Smoke and Mirrors (2010), Almería (2012), and Out of the Wasteland (2015). The albums were met with similar albeit trailing commercial success, spawning the singles "You and Me," "First Time," and "Whatever It Takes"; each became hits on the Mainstream Top 40, Adult Top 40, and Adult Contemporary charts, as well as the Billboard Hot 100. Their musical style is exemplary of the adult contemporary format, meaning Lifehouse's songs are often played at public, family-oriented venues such as supermarkets, shopping centers, and malls.

1996–1999: Blyss and formation
Jason Wade had been writing songs as a coping mechanism since his parents' divorce. After moving to Los Angeles in 1995, he met bassist Sergio Andrade, his next-door neighbor. The following year, Wade, Andrade, and Jon "Diff" Palmer formed Blyss, the forerunner of Lifehouse, and began to play live shows at high schools and colleges. Later, Collin Hayden and Aaron Lord were added to the band.

Soon thereafter, word-of-mouth reached producer Ron Aniello, who introduced Jason to Jude Cole, who in turn introduced him to DreamWorks Records principal Michael Ostin. In 1998, Aniello produced Blyss's first demos, with the financial backing of DreamWorks Records. Some of these recordings would form the 1999 EP Diff's Lucky Day, which would be sold at live concerts or distributed among friends and music industry contacts.

2000–2001: No Name Face
In 2000, Blyss re-recorded, remixed, and released 12 of the 15 Diff's Lucky Day session demos as No Name Face, their debut major label release under the name of Lifehouse. On their choosing the band name, frontman Jason Wade said, "It's about what we do as a band and for me personally. Most of this record is about my life and about life's circumstances. Not only my life, but other people's lives. We thought Lifehouse was a good name for it."

No Name Face met significant commercial success and established the band, and eventually would sell in excess of four million copies worldwide. This was in part due to the success of "Hanging by a Moment", Lifehouse's first commercial single. Due to the charisma and talent of frontman Wade, DreamWorks Records' focus was primarily on him. "Hanging by a Moment" was the third song in chart history to be named the "No. 1 Song of the Year" on the Billboard Hot 100 despite not having reached No. 1 on any weekly Billboard Hot 100 survey (after Sam the Sham & The Pharaohs' "Wooly Bully" in 1965 and Faith Hill's "Breathe" in 2000). The second single from the album, "Sick Cycle Carousel", was not as commercially successful as "Hanging by a Moment", peaking at No. 21 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart; the third and final single was "Breathing", a reworking of a song featured on Diff's Lucky Day.

The song "Everything" was the first of many Lifehouse songs to be featured in The WB's future hit series Smallville. It was used in the series pilot and season 1 finale, and again in the series' 200th episode "Homecoming" in the show's 10th and final season, as an homage to its season 1 episodes nine years prior. The song "You and Me" from the band's eponymous third album would be released on Smallville's second soundtrack, Smallville: The Metropolis Mix, in an extended form subtitled "You and Me (Wedding Version)", and the band itself would perform the song live as a special guest appearance in the school prom scene at the end of the season 4 episode "Spirit". Seven of the band's songs would be featured in episodes of the series' first four seasons.

The song "Somewhere in Between", also from No Name Face, was featured in the first-season episode of Falcon Beach, "The Blame Game".

By the time Lifehouse's first album was released, Palmer had left the band, and Wade and Andrade were the only remaining founding members. Soon after recording No Name Face, Wade and Andrade met Rick Woolstenhulme, who auditioned for the needed drummer part and joined the band as full-time drummer. Before the audition, Woolstenhulme had been rehearsing in an adjacent room to Lifehouse and frequently he and Wade would pass each other without meeting the other.

2002–2004: Stanley Climbfall
Shortly after a long tour for No Name Face, Lifehouse reentered the studio to cut their second album, Stanley Climbfall. The album's initial success was short-lived and its singles, 2002's "Spin" and 2003's "Take Me Away", were vastly overshadowed by the success of the first album. Shortly after the album debuted, Rick's brother Sean Woolstenhulme (of The Calling) officially became the fourth member of the band in June 2002. He had previously toured with Lifehouse.

In April 2004, Sergio Andrade confirmed that he had decided to leave the band to pursue individual projects. Shortly after his departure, Sean also left the band to pursue other musical projects such as Abandoned Pools and The Jimmy Chamberlin Complex.

2004–2005: Lifehouse
Jason Wade and Rick Woolstenhulme remained the active members of Lifehouse. In September 2004, Bryce Soderberg (previously of AM Radio) signed on as Lifehouse's new bassist. On July 6, 2004, they went to Maryland to begin work on their eponymous third album, spending less than two months in the studio to record thirteen songs produced by John Alagia. Lifehouse was released on March 22, 2005.

The album's first single, "You and Me", was released for airplay on January 18, 2005. It was written several years prior and was originally performed by Jason Wade for the 2000 independent film All Over Again. The song was a success and stayed on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for 62 weeks (the fifth longest-charted in history), peaking at No. 5. The song also appears on the soundtrack to Smallville. One episode, "Spirit", featured the band actually performing it and three other songs from the album ("Come Back Down", "Blind", and "Undone") on the show. The song has also appeared on Cold Case, Boston Legal, Gavin & Stacey, Everwood, Grey's Anatomy, The 4400 and Medium as well as the commercial for the final episode of Zoey 101. The song "All In All" was featured in Scrubs. The music video for the album's second single, "Blind", was released October 19, 2005. It starred Tina Majorino and featured several other up-and-coming young actors such as Sarch McClain, Stephen Cheung, Christopher Thien Duc Van and Andy Walters.

In 2006, the newly-written song "Good Enough" was featured in the Disney film The Wild and was repeated over the end credits.

2006–2008: Who We Are

Lifehouse began recording their fourth album in mid-2006 at Kiefer Sutherland and Jude Cole's recording studio, Ironworks Studios in Los Angeles. Their fourth album, entitled Who We Are, was released on June 19, 2007. The album features Wade, Woolstenhulme and Soderberg as its lineup, and "rocks a little harder" than their previous album, according to the band. The album's release was followed by a tour with The Goo Goo Dolls and Colbie Caillat, which began June 15 at the Dodge Theatre in Phoenix, AZ.

The album's first single was a bright, pop rock love song "First Time", released on April 24, 2007. The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 48 in May, and peaked at number three on the Hot Adult Top 40 Charts. The album's second single, "Whatever It Takes" was released to radio stations on October 29, 2007. "Broken", the album's third single, peaked at number 83 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Broken" has appeared on several television series, including Grey's Anatomy ("Lay Your Hands On Me"), Criminal Minds ("In Birth and Death", season 3, episode 2), One Tree Hill, One Life to Live and The Hills. Most recently, it was featured in the film soundtrack The Time Traveler's Wife.

Lifehouse held a contest to make a video for the song "Make Me Over". The band gave 60 USC School of Cinematic Arts graduate students a chance to shoot the video for their new single. The winning video premiered at a gala event on December 5, 2008, at the Paley Center for Media in Beverly Hills, CA.

The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in October 2008.

2008–2011: Smoke and Mirrors
On April 11, 2009, the band announced that Ben Carey was an official member of the band. They said that they had been "a four-piece for some time" and that Ben is "family to us". Carey had been touring with the band since 2004.

The single "Halfway Gone" was released on October 27, 2009. The music video premiered on the VH1 Top 20 on VH1.com at the end of November. Smoke & Mirrors was released on March 2, 2010. The album debuted at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 with 54,000 copies sold. This marked the band's highest chart debut to date, surpassing their previous peak at No. 7 with Stanley Climbfall in 2002.

2011–2012: Almería
On September 11, 2012, Lifehouse released a new single featuring Natasha Bedingfield entitled "Between the Raindrops". A month later, on October 18, the band announced that the title of their sixth studio album would be Almería, named after a city in Spain famous as the locale of many classic Spaghetti Western films. Almería was released on December 11 in the US and December 12 worldwide. The album was met with mixed reviews, and failed to spawn a second single.

2013–2018: Out of the Wasteland and Greatest Hits
On July 24, 2013, Wade posted a letter to the band's Facebook page saying that Lifehouse had parted with Geffen and was on a temporary hiatus as each band member turned attention to other projects (with the assurance that the band would continue to make records in the future). Drummer Rick Woolstenhulme Jr. began touring with the Goo Goo Dolls; bassist Bryce Soderberg initiated a new band titled KOMOX; lead guitarist Ben Carey continued work in country rock band Elvis Monroe; and singer and songwriter Jason Wade worked on his as-yet-unreleased singer-songwriter solo record. The band's final show before their break was on September 25, 2013.

Lifehouse reentered the studio in May 2014. "Flight" was released independently on November 18, along with an announcement that the band's hiatus was officially over and a new album entitled Seven would be released in April 2015. On December 8, 2014, Lifehouse stated on their official website that Ben Carey would no longer be a part of Lifehouse and instead would be focusing on his own projects; for live shows, the band later revealed that Steve Stout would fill in on lead guitar.

The album's first official single, "Hurricane", was released on January 27, 2015. On January 27, Billboard.com revealed a new album title Out of the Wasteland and published the official standard-edition track list of the album, giving an official release date of May 19, 2015. The album was released online and in stores on May 26, 2015 and debuted at number one on the Independent Albums chart. A special Target edition was made available with four bonus tracks. The band was to begin touring in support of the album on June 19, as an opening during the second North American leg of the No Fixed Address Tour, before the tour was cancelled due to the health of headlining band Nickelback's lead singer, Chad Kroeger. A European headlining tour commenced on September 15, 2015 in Amsterdam, with extra dates added due to high demand.

In June 2017, the band released their first Greatest Hits compilation, featuring all 17 of their radio singles to date in chronological order, plus one non-single that still charted on radio. Lifehouse spent the summer of 2017 touring throughout the United States and Canada with Switchfoot in support of the album. It marked the first North American tour by the band since 2011. During the tour, Wade teamed up with Switchfoot's Jon Foreman, to help raise funds for Houston's Hurricane Harvey victims through the track called "Shine Like Gold".

In early 2018, Lifehouse toured with Collective Soul across South Africa.

2019–present: Hiatus and Goodbye Kanan
Lifehouse released their first single in six years, "Cut & Run" in April 2021. The first single recorded with member Steve Stout, who had collaborated with Jason Wade on the side project ØZWALD and officially became the band's lead guitarist in 2017, the song was succeeded by four more singles over the course of 2021. The band compiled these five singles and one new track into their first EP, Goodbye Kanan, released on November 26, 2021 under their own label Allswell Records.

Other information
Wade wrote the song "From Where You Are" for Allstate's Teen Driving Program. The song was featured on the "Tall Lights" commercial and aired on NBC.

Current members

 * Jason Wade – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1995–present)
 * Rick Woolstenhulme Jr. – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (2000–present)
 * Bryce Soderberg – bass guitar, backing and lead vocals (2004–present)
 * Steve Stout – lead guitar, backing vocals (2017–present; touring musician 2015–2017)

Former members

 * Aaron Lord – keyboards, violin, viola, mandolin (1995–2000)
 * Jon "Diff" Palmer – drums, percussion (1995–2000)
 * Collin Hayden – lead guitar (1995–2000)
 * Sergio Andrade – bass guitar (1995–2004)
 * Sean Woolstenhulme – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2004)
 * Ben Carey – lead guitar, backing vocals (2009–2014; touring musician 2004–2009)

Former touring musicians

 * Stuart Mathis – lead guitar, backing vocals (2000–2001)
 * Joerg Koehrig – lead guitar, backing vocals (2001–2002)

American Music Awards

 * 2002
 * Lifehouse
 * Favorite Pop/Rock New Artist
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

BDS Spin Awards

 * 2003
 * "Spin"
 * 100,000 Spins
 * Won
 * 2004
 * "Hanging By a Moment"
 * 800,000 Spins
 * Won
 * 2007
 * "You and Me"
 * 600,000 Spins
 * Won
 * 2009
 * "Whatever It Takes"
 * 300,000 Spins
 * Won
 * 2009
 * "First Time"
 * 300,000 Spins
 * Won
 * 2009
 * "First Time"
 * 300,000 Spins
 * Won
 * Won

Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards is sponsored by Billboard magazine and held annually in December.

 * align="center" rowspan="5"| 2001 ||rowspan="3"| Lifehouse || Rock New Artist Of the Year || Won
 * Male New Artist Of the Year || Won
 * Hot 100 Singles Group/Duo || Nominated
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Top Hot 100 Song || Won
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Modern Rock Track of the Year || Nominated
 * Hot 100 Singles Group/Duo || Nominated
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Top Hot 100 Song || Won
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Modern Rock Track of the Year || Nominated
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Modern Rock Track of the Year || Nominated
 * "Hanging By a Moment" || Modern Rock Track of the Year || Nominated

BMI Pop Awards
Lifehouse has received 10 BMI awards

 * 2002
 * "Hanging By a Moment"
 * Most Performed Song on College Radio
 * Won
 * 2002
 * "Hanging By a Moment"
 * Best Pop (2nd Award)
 * Won
 * 2003
 * "Hanging By a Moment"
 * Best Pop (3rd Award)
 * Won
 * 2006
 * "You and Me"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2007
 * "You and Me"
 * Best Pop (2nd Award)
 * Won
 * 2008
 * "Whatever It Takes"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2008
 * "First Time"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2010
 * "Broken"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2011
 * "Halfway Gone"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2012
 * "All In"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2011
 * "Halfway Gone"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * 2012
 * "All In"
 * Best Pop
 * Won
 * Best Pop
 * Won

Radio Music Awards
The Radio Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony to honor the most played songs/artists on the radio.

 * rowspan="2"| 2001 ||rowspan="2"| "Hanging By a Moment" || Song of the Year / Pop Alternative Radio || Won
 * Song of the Year / Top 40-Pop Radio || Nominated
 * 2005 || "You and Me" || Song of the Year/Adult Hit Radio || Nominated
 * Song of the Year / Top 40-Pop Radio || Nominated
 * 2005 || "You and Me" || Song of the Year/Adult Hit Radio || Nominated
 * 2005 || "You and Me" || Song of the Year/Adult Hit Radio || Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

 * rowspan="2"| 2001 ||rowspan="2"| "Hanging By a Moment" || Choice - Rock Track || Nominated
 * Choice Breakout Artist || Nominated
 * 2005 || "You and Me" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated
 * 2007 || "First Time" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated
 * 2005 || "You and Me" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated
 * 2007 || "First Time" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated
 * 2007 || "First Time" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated
 * 2007 || "First Time" || Choice - Love Song || Nominated

Discography
As Blyss
 * Diff's Lucky Day (1999)

As Lifehouse
 * No Name Face (2000)
 * Stanley Climbfall (2002)
 * Lifehouse (2005)
 * Who We Are (2007)
 * Smoke & Mirrors (2010)
 * Almería (2012)
 * Out of the Wasteland (2015)

title: Lifehouse (band)


text:
Division of Eden-Monaro

The Division of Eden-Monaro is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

History
The division was proclaimed in 1900, and was one of the original 65 divisions to be contested at the first federal election. It is named for the town of Eden and the Monaro district of southern New South Wales.

Its boundaries have changed very little throughout its history, including the towns of Yass, Bega and Cooma and the city of Queanbeyan. It completely surrounds the Australian Capital Territory.

Until 1943 non-Labor parties held the seat for all but three years. Since then, it has been consistently marginal, though it was in Labor hands for all but one term from 1943 to 1975.

Up to the 2016 election, Eden-Monaro was long regarded as Australia's most well-known "bellwether seat". From the 1972 election until the 2013 election, Eden-Monaro was won by the party that also won the election. During this time, all its sitting members were defeated at the polls – none retired or resigned.

Liberal incumbent Peter Hendy was defeated by Labor's Mike Kelly at the 2016 election. Kelly had previously represented Eden-Monaro from 2007 to 2013. Kelly's 2016 victory made him the seat's first opposition MP elected since 1969. The nation's new bellwether became the seat of Robertson – continually won by the party that also won government since the 1983 election. "Best" bellwether aside, ABC psephologist Antony Green classed a total of eleven electorates as bellwethers in his 2016 election guide.

Labor’s Kristy McBain became the first woman to represent the division when she narrowly held the seat in the 2020 Eden-Monaro by-election. At the 2022 election, she held the seat with a large swing to her.

Election results
{{legend|#0047AB|Liberal}}
 * {{legend|#006644|National}}

{{legend|#DE3533|Labor}} {{legend|#10C25B|Greens}} {{legend|#FFCD00|Australian Democrats}} {{legend|#F36C21|One Nation}} {{legend|#FFED00|Palmer United/United Australia Party}} {{legend|#2596be|Nuclear Disarmament Party}} {{legend|#888888|Independent}}

title: Division of Eden-Monaro


text:
User talk:Chbarts

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Whosyourjudas (talk) 00:23, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

September 2008
This is your only warning. The next time you violate Wikipedia's biographies of living persons policy by inserting unsourced defamatory content into an article or any other Wikipedia page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Jclemens (talk) 17:41, 25 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Given that you refuse to discuss any of this, I have a hard time taking you seriously. BLP isn't your personal whapping stick. chbarts (talk) 20:06, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

Snobol
Recently you edited the article on SNOBOL. I have made a comment about this on the Snobol talk page; I am letting you know in case you may like to read it. JamesBWatson (talk) 17:53, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

Seeking concensus
On the SNOBOL page you deleted a statement you did not like, and wrote the edit summary "as per talk page, this is staying out until it is cited". This does not, on the face of it, read like an attempt to discuss the contents of the page, and try to reach concensus: it reads more like an announcement that you think you have the right to impose your opinion. I trust that this impression is wrong, and due to an unfortunate choice of words on your part. 217.158.132.35 (talk) 22:51, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

June 2010
Please do not remove blanking from pages which are tagged as possible copyright violations, and do not refer to such blanking as vandalism. Thank you. VernoWhitney (talk) 17:41, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Talk:Muhammad
If the disagreements are getting to you, step away from the discussion. Don`t treat it like a battleground, and don`t insult the other editors. Wily D 06:54, 19 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I get that you're venting, but it's still a bad place to vent. Even if that person doesn't come back, other people see it, and it contributes to the whole atmosphere. The less hostile the atmosphere there is (especially over images), the better. Wily D  07:41, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

7/7 Ripple Effect
'the descriptor is in the citation'

A critic's insult for a documentary maker, does not belong in an article's opening for one of their works. Beingsshepherd (talk) 17:07, 27 April 2014 (UTC) beingsshepherd

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

You are violating WikiProject:Magic and WP:Attribution policy
You have been continually restoring unsourced, uncited methods in magic articles.

Please refer to the 'Rapid Action' policy of WikiProject:Magic, which states:

"Any edit lacking attribution may be removed, and the final burden of evidence lies with the editor wishing to add or retain the material."

"[T]his can be applied immediately and overrides the practice of tagging information as unsourced and then waiting for a period to see whether citations are subsequently provided."

"Only when a full citation can be provided can the method be added to the article."

Also refer to WP:Attribution, which states:

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'''Please stop restoring original research and violating these two policies. I would be happy to discuss this ad nauseum with you if you have any questions.'''

ShimmeryPhantom (talk) 20:04, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

File:Chinese_new_year_dates_SMIL.svg
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Posted to WP:BLPN
I have no idea what others will say, but we'll see. Doug Weller talk 16:17, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

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February 2024
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war  according to the reverts you have made on Blink element. This means that you are repeatedly changing content back to how you think it should be although other editors disagree. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus, rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement.

Points to note: If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes and work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing. ''It seems that you have been edit-warring for, apparently, thirteen years straight to repeatedly remove examples from this article; despite presenting no consensus, policy, or evidence as a basis for doing so. Please stop doing this.'' jp×g🗯 23:34, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made;
 * 2) Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

title: User talk:Chbarts


text:
Siladium

Siladium is a trademark for a stainless steel alloy used in jewelry, particularly in high school and college class rings.

The trademark was registered in 1973 to John Roberts, Inc., maker of the Artcarved brand of class rings. John Roberts, Inc., and the Siladium trademark were subsequently acquired by CJC Holdings, Inc, then by Commemorative Brands, Inc

title: Siladium