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Howard Baker Sr.

Howard Henry Baker Sr. (January 12, 1902 – January 7, 1964) was an American lawyer and politician who was elected to seven consecutive terms as a United States Representative from Tennessee from 1951 to 1964.

He was the father of future U.S. Senate majority leader and White House chief of staff Howard Baker, Jr.

Biography
Baker was born in Somerset, Kentucky, in 1902 to James F. Baker, an attorney and newspaper publisher in Huntsville, Tennessee, and Kentucky native Helen Keen Baker. The family moved to Huntsville, Tennessee, in 1909, and Baker spent most of his childhood in Scott County. The family moved to Knoxville in 1918, the same year that Baker entered the university there. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1922 and its law school in 1924; he was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1923. Baker is an alumnus of the Epsilon Eta chapter of Sigma Nu Fraternity. After law school, Baker married Dora Ladd and returned to Huntsville to become a partner in his father's practice. Their son, Howard Baker Jr., was born in Huntsville in 1925. Dora died when Howard Jr. was a child. On September 15, 1935, he married Edith Irene Bailey.

Career
For a period, Baker served as publisher of a weekly newspaper in Huntsville, Tennessee, the county seat of Scott County. In 1928, he was elected to a term in the Tennessee House of Representatives, and served on the Scott County Board of Education from 1931 to 1932. In 1934, he became district attorney general of the former 19th Judicial Circuit, serving until 1938 in that capacity.

In 1938, Baker made an unsuccessful bid for governor of Tennessee, losing in the general election to Democrat Prentice Cooper. In 1940, he ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate, losing to Democrat Kenneth McKellar. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1940, 1948, 1952, and 1956. He was vice president and general counsel to the former Oneida and Western Railroad in 1945, and was also on the board of directors of the First National Bank of Oneida.

Baker was elected to the 82nd and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1951, until his death from a heart attack in Knoxville, Tennessee on January 7, 1964. He was succeeded in office by his widow Irene, who completed his final term as a caretaker and sought no further election.

Baker was one of the few Southern Congressmen not to sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,  but did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

Death
Baker died, following a heart attack, at Fort Sanders Presbyterian Hospital, Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee, January 7, 1964, five days before his 62nd birthday. He is interred at Sherwood Memorial Gardens, Alcoa, Tennessee. Tennessee State Route 63 is named Congressman Howard H. Baker Highway in his honor.

Baker is probably best remembered as the father of Howard H. Baker Jr., a three-term U.S. senator from Tennessee and United States Senate Majority Leader who later served as White House Chief of Staff under Ronald Reagan and was the former United States Ambassador to Japan.

title: Howard Baker Sr.


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Goa Su-Raj Party

Goa Su-Raj Party is a political party in the Indian state of Goa. In the state elections 2002 GSRP launched eight candidates, who together mustered 1500 votes. As of 2006, the party has representation in the Goa legislative assembly as of 2016. The party is known to be active in taking a number of stands on issues affecting the state. It is also active through making its voice heard in cyberspace, and is known to campaign for votes on the grounds that as a "regional" (as contrasted to the national-level parties that dominate Goa's politics, such as the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party) it would be better able to serve the needs of the electorate. It has not been successful in getting its candidates elected though, till August 2006.

Party leaders have explained its name, "Su-Raj", to mean "good governance". It has taken stands against corruption in the region. Its leaders include the Moira-based radio officer-turned-politician Floriano Lobo, Dr Dumo and others.

In early 2012, GSRP formed its youth wing with Jocelyn Pereira appointed as its youth president. Jocelyn Pereira, an active social worker from the island of Divar has been at the fore of many youth activities in the state and actively campaigns for youth of Goa.

On 31 December 2016, former Goa Vikas Party MLA Francisco Xavier Pacheco joined the GSRP.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Goa Su-Raj Party


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Capital Airlines (United States)

Capital Airlines was a United States trunk carrier, a scheduled airline serving the eastern, southern, southeastern, and midwestern United States. Capital's headquarters were located at Washington National Airport (now Reagan Washington National Airport) across the Potomac river from Washington, D.C., where crew training and aircraft overhauls were also accomplished. In the 1950s Capital was the fifth largest United States domestic carrier by passenger count (and sometimes by passenger-miles) after the Big Four air carriers (American, United, TWA, and Eastern).

Capital merged with United Airlines in 1961.

Clifford Ball Airline
Clifford A. Ball, a McKeesport, Pennsylvania, automobile dealer and owner of a controlling interest in Bettis Field near Pittsburgh, won airmail contract route No. 11 on March 27, 1926. In April of the following year, The Clifford Ball Airline began operating between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio. Clifford Ball Airlines operated from Pittsburgh's first commercial airport, Bettis Field, a former farm field which farmer Barr Peat had allowed to be used for barnstorming. The airplane which flew the first flight from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, a Waco 9 named "Miss Pittsburgh", is currently displayed at the Pittsburgh International Airport. Famed humorist and performer Will Rogers was known to be an early and regular passenger, but scheduled passenger service did not begin until April 28, 1928. The following August, Ball Airline became the first airline to serve Washington, D.C., from the west, offering its flagship "Path of the Eagle" service from Cleveland to Hoover Field across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. A "Path of the Eagle" brochure and schedule are displayed at the Pitcairn Field Web site.

Pennsylvania Air Lines
Ball sold his interests in November 1930 to Pittsburgh Aviation Industries Corp., and the airline became Pennsylvania Air Lines (PAL). PAL was reorganized as Pennsylvania Airlines after the Air Mail scandal of the early 1930s. In 1934 Pennsylvania Airlines acquired Kohler Aviation.

Central Airlines
Central Airlines was founded in 1934 by the men who had formed Pittsburgh Airlines in 1929. Central was notable for hiring Helen Richey, the first female commercial pilot in the U.S. Central Airlines became PAL's main competitor and they engaged in ruinous rate wars with prices well below those charged for railroad seats.

The two companies merged to form Pennsylvania Central Airlines, or PCA, on November 1, 1936.

Pennsylvania Central Airlines
The merged airlines flew Stinson A and Boeing 247 aircraft. Early in its existence, PCA faced a minor crisis in January 1937 when the Bureau of Air Commerce temporarily grounded the airline's Boeing 247s. The six B-247s were all sold off in 1937. The airline's 15 B-247Ds were all gone by the end of 1942. Two remain in museums today—one at the National Aviation Museum at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and another, the City of Renton, in flying condition at the Museum of Flight, Boeing Field, Seattle, Washington.

PCA, based at the new Allegheny County Airport near Pittsburgh, continued to add routes, notably to Chicago in 1938, and aircraft, notably the Douglas DC-3, in 1940. In 1941 PCA moved its headquarters to the new Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia, becoming one of its three original tenants; PCA had been consulted during the airport's design. The row of office buildings next to its hangars became "mahogany row" and the airline adopted the slogan "The Capital Airline", with its aircraft dubbed "Capitaliners". In September 1943 Pennsylvania Central requested the CAB authorize new routes affecting 23 states indicating plans for a major expansion after the war. PCA even had big trans-Atlantic ambitions. PCA did see expansion as the war wound down. The company signed contracts with Douglas Aircraft for DC-4s, on September 28, 1944, worth $10 million.

In 1946 PCA began flying the Douglas DC-4 but found the airplane was unprofitable on some of its low volume short segment routes. One of PCA's DC-4s had been used to transport President Roosevelt to the Casablanca Conference during World War II Ten DC-4s still served Capital at the time of the UAL merger. All were immediately disposed of by United.

By 1946, the combination of expansion and post-war inflation were financially pressing United States airlines. PCA was facing stronger competition on the essential New York to Chicago route. By the end of the first quarter of 1947 Pennsylvania-Central was in such a bad situation that the company president had to seek S.E.C. approval for a refinancing agreement with PCA's bankers.

The crisis led PCA to the election of J.H. "Slim" Charmichael as president, and drastic cuts from 4,800 employees to 3,000. By October 1, 1947, PCA had 25 DC-3s (two cargo only) and three DC-4s. "We had a sick airline on our hands, and we had to get it out of bed, but quickly. We figured our best chance lay in leading not just following the others", Charmichael told the New York Times. The cuts were followed by the acquisition of used, but newer, equipment and the situation was saved.

By 1947 PCA's route network no longer reflected its name. On April 21, 1948, the airline adopted a new insignia, colors and the name Capital Airlines.

Capital Airlines
In 1948 Capital introduced the "Nighthawk", one of the first coach class services, to compete with the railroads between Chicago and New York City, as well as the dominant airlines on the route, United, TWA and American. Each flight left at 1 AM and stopped for ten minutes at Pittsburgh (Allegheny County). Chicago-NY fare was $29.60 plus 15% federal tax; seats on all other flights cost $44.10 plus tax.

Also in 1948 the first airborne television was installed on a Capital airplane. In 1950 Capital Airlines received its first Lockheed Constellations. In 1955 Capital became the first U.S. operator of the British manufactured, four engine Vickers Viscount, the first passenger turboprop airliner. The Viscount propjets were deployed on the flagship Washington-Chicago route and the airline had planned to fly them on expanded service; however, Capital was mostly stymied by the federal Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). The CAB also refused Capital a requested subsidy. Still, Capital's passenger-miles in 1957 were 88% more than 1955.

On November 14, 1956, a Capital pilot reported seeing a blue-white ball in the sky. The pilot, Captain William J. Hull, was a senior captain who was hired by Pennsylvania-Central in April 1941. He was the captain of Capital Flight 67 which crashed turning final to Tri-City Airport, Freeland, Michigan on April 6, 1958. At the time he had a total flight time of 16,050 hours, of which 1,702 were in the Viscount.

In 1958, Capital was operating shuttle service with its Viscount propjets between New York and Chicago, New York and Detroit, and Chicago and Washington D.C. The cover of its April 27, 1958, system timetable proclaimed: "Now!  Viscounts every sixty minutes all day long!  Chicago-New York, New York-Detroit, Chicago-Washington". The next year, the airline introduced high frequency Viscount service between Chicago and Minneapolis–St. Paul with this message appearing on the cover of its August 3, 1959, system timetable: "First Jet-Powered Service Between Minneapolis–St. Paul and Chicago - 7 Jet-Prop Viscounts Each Direction Daily".

The airline encountered labor difficulties when the International Association of Machinists went on strike in fall 1958. The strike crippled operations for 38 days. On April 1, 1960, the New York State Commission Against Discrimination faulted Capital Airlines for failing to hire Patricia Banks, an African-American woman who had been denied employment as a flight attendant despite meeting all job requirements. She became one of only two Black flight attendants in the country.

By 1961 Capital had begun operating its first and only jet aircraft type: new Boeing 720 jetliners leased from United Airlines. The cover of the airline's June 1, 1961, timetable proclaimed: "New Boeing 720 Jets New York - Atlanta - New Orleans: 2 Round Trips Daily". This same timetable stated that Capital was operating "596 daily flights" and was also flying: "The Only Jets to Miami from Pittsburgh and Cleveland". However, this was not the airline's first attempt to operate jets as Capital had previously placed orders for the De Havilland Comet 4 and 4C jet aircraft models. The airline then canceled these orders after taking into consideration its declining financial standing.

Acquisition by and merger with United
In the late 1950s, Capital began to struggle financially. In May 1960, Vickers foreclosed on Capital's entire fleet of Viscounts, and bankruptcy for the airline seemed certain. However, on July 28, 1960, a merger with Chicago-based rival United Airlines was announced. The federal Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) had to approve airline mergers. United wanted Capital Airlines' CAB-awarded routes to Florida. At the time of its acquisition by United, Capital was flying nonstop between Miami and Buffalo, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh; nonstop between Tampa and Atlanta, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh; and nonstop between Jacksonville and Atlanta. When completed on June 1, 1961, the merger of the second and fifth-largest airlines in the U.S. was the largest airline merger in history at that time. Despite a year of planning, all did not go smoothly on merger day. United continued to operate forty-one of Capital's Viscount propjets as well as three of Capital's Douglas DC-3s. United soon purchased six Viscounts which Capital had returned to Vickers. United operated three ex-PCA/Capital DC-3s for one year after the merger. United had retired its last DC-3s in the 1950s. Because of the need to operate CAB route award AM-34, it suddenly became the last major United States airline to operate the DC-3.

The New Capital Airlines
In 1981, former employees formed the Capital Airlines Association to preserve their memories of the old carrier. A retired United Airlines pilot, Milt Marshall, bought the Capital trademark and operated a charter business under the Capital name out of Waterbury-Oxford Airport in Connecticut.

In a bizarre final chapter to the brand's story, in July 2004 Capt. Marshall was transporting a passenger in a Capital Airways Piper PA-31 Navajo from Waterbury to upstate New York. The plane crashed as it made an approach in clear weather near Lake George. Both pilot and passenger were killed. Their bodies were mangled and burned in the wreckage. A pistol magazine with two missing rounds was found at the crash scene, but no gun was ever found. Many people believe that the passenger, a businessman who was facing both bankruptcy and indictment for fraud, and who had attempted to buy a large life insurance policy just prior to the flight, killed the pilot and himself, causing the crash. The bodies were so mutilated that no official cause of death was determined and the case was closed. This marked the last chapter of Capital Airlines.

Destinations: 1937–1960
In 1937, PCA's main route was from Milwaukee to Washington, D.C., with stops in Muskegon, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Detroit, Cleveland, Akron, and Pittsburgh. Spurs ran from Detroit to Pontiac and Flint, and from Pittsburgh to Parkersburg and Charleston.

By 1941, new spurs were added from Grand Rapids to Chicago, Sault Ste. Marie and Traverse City; from Pittsburgh to Erie and Buffalo; and from Charleston to Tri-Cities, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Birmingham. New routes ran north from Washington to Baltimore, Harrisburg and Williamsport, and south to Norfolk, then across North Carolina serving Rocky Mount, Raleigh, Greensboro, Hickory, and Asheville. Pittsburgh-New York City service was added by 1946.

By 1950 the network extended south to Atlanta, Mobile, and New Orleans, and west to Minneapolis. Memphis and Huntsville were added by 1953, along with interchange service on National Airlines to Florida.

By 1960, the year before its merger with United, Capital served Florida with its own aircraft on flights to Jacksonville, Miami, St. Petersburg, Tampa, and West Palm Beach.

Destinations in 1961
The June 1, 1961, Capital Airlines system timetable listed service to the following destinations. Cities noted in bold received Boeing 720 jet flights:

 * Akron, Ohio/Canton, Ohio
 * Atlanta, Georgia
 * Asheville, North Carolina
 * Baltimore, Maryland
 * Birmingham, Alabama
 * Bristol, Virginia/Kingsport, Tennessee/Johnson City, Tennessee
 * Buffalo, New York
 * Charleston, West Virginia
 * Charlotte, North Carolina
 * Chattanooga, Tennessee
 * Chicago, Illinois – Midway Airport
 * Chicago, Illinois – O'Hare Airport
 * Cleveland, Ohio (Burke Lakefront Airport)
 * Detroit, Michigan (Detroit City Airport)
 * Elmira, New York/Corning, New York
 * Flint, Michigan
 * Grand Rapids, Michigan
 * Greensboro, North Carolina/High Point, North Carolina
 * Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * Huntsville, Alabama
 * Jacksonville, Florida
 * Knoxville, Tennessee
 * Lansing, Michigan
 * Memphis, Tennessee
 * Miami, Florida
 * Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
 * Mobile, Alabama
 * Muskegon, Michigan
 * Newark, New Jersey
 * New Orleans, Louisiana
 * Newport News, Virginia
 * New York City – Idlewild Airport (now JFK Airport)
 * New York City – LaGuardia Airport
 * Norfolk, Virginia
 * Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * Raleigh, North Carolina/Durham, North Carolina
 * Richmond, Virginia
 * Rochester, New York
 * Saginaw, Michigan/Bay City, Michigan/Midland, Michigan
 * Tampa/St. Petersburg, Florida
 * Toledo, Ohio
 * Washington, D.C. – National Airport (now Reagan Airport)
 * West Palm Beach, Florida
 * Williamsport, Pennsylvania
 * Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * Youngstown, Ohio

Former destinations in 1955
Capital was serving these additional destinations in 1955 but had discontinued service to all of these smaller cities by 1961.

 * Cheboygan, Michigan/Petoskey, Michigan/Pellston, Michigan/Harbor Springs, Michigan
 * Clarksburg, West Virginia
 * Elizabeth City, North Carolina
 * Erie, Pennsylvania
 * Hickory, North Carolina
 * Morgantown, West Virginia
 * Reading, Pennsylvania
 * Rocky Mount, North Carolina
 * Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
 * Traverse City, Michigan
 * Wheeling, West Virginia

Fleet in 1961
The above referenced June 1, 1961, Capital timetable lists flights operated with the following aircraft:

 * Boeing 720 – the only jet type operated by the airline, leased from United Airlines but flown by Capital crews.
 * Douglas DC-3
 * Douglas DC-4
 * Douglas DC-6
 * Douglas DC-6B – listed in the June 1, 1961, timetable although they had been returned to Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) in May 1961.
 * Vickers Viscount – the only turboprop operated by the airline. United Airlines operated the Viscount aircraft following the acquisition of Capital by United.

Capital operated Lockheed Constellations until 1960. It also ordered Bristol Britannia turboprops in 1956, de Havilland Comet jets in 1956, Convair 880 jets in 1958, and Lockheed L-188 Electra turboprops in 1959. However, none of these aircraft were delivered to or operated by the airline.

Accidents and incidents

 * November 16, 1935: A Central Airlines Stinson Model A (NO-15107), forced to land after taking off from Allegheny County Airport when all three engines failed at an altitude of about 50 feet. The pilot made a wheels up landing straight ahead on an unfinished portion of the runway. There were no injuries but the airplane suffered major damage. The cause was fuel contamination.

 * August 31, 1940: PCA Trip 19, a Douglas DC-3-313 (NC21789), departed Washington, D.C., into an intense thunderstorm. Probable cause was the disabling of the pilots by a severe lightning discharge close to the plane, which caused a sudden dive from 6000 ft, killing all 25 aboard. The crash was the worst American airline accident to that date.

 * April 16, 1941: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 143, a Boeing 247D (NC13359), en route from Charleston, West Virginia (Wertz Field), to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, crashed into the hills near St. Albans, West Virginia, after the right engine failed just after takeoff. One member of the crew and two passengers suffered serious injuries. One member of the crew and the other four passengers suffered minor injuries. There were no fatalities.

 * October 2, 1941: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 142, a Douglas DC-3 (NC25691), was involved in an accident at the Municipal Airport, Morgantown, West Virginia. After touchdown the Captain allowed the airplane to roll for approximately 1,500 feet and was within 700 feet of the runway end before applying the brakes. At that time the Captain found that the brakes were not working, or had no braking action. Then the captain unlocked the tail wheel and attempted a groundloop. The groundloop did not salvage the situation and the airplane slid sideways over a 25-foot embankment. The landing gear was sheared off and the airplane came to rest on its belly. Subsequent testing showed no problems with the brakes. The probable cause "was the failure of the captain to apply the brakes in time to permit a successful take-off when they were found to be ineffective".

 * March 2, 16, 1942: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 17, a Douglas DC-3 (NC21788), was involved in an accident while landing at Detroit City Airport, Detroit, Michigan. The airplane, approaching fast and high, landed long on a snow-covered runway and bounced repeatedly. The Captain attempted to turn so as not to hit the boundary fence. The airplane went through the fence causing major damage to the airplane. There were no injuries.

 * April 14, 1945: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 142, a Douglas DC-3-313A (NC25692), crashed against the west slope of Cheat Mountain near Morgantown, West Virginia, due to pilot error, killing all 20 on board.

 * January 6, 1946: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-3 (NC21786), originating in New York City with stops in Pittsburgh and Knoxville crashed while on an instrument approach to Runway 18 at Birmingham Municipal Airport in Birmingham, Alabama. The pilot, first officer, and a check airman who occupied the cockpit jump seat perished; several passengers were injured, none fatally.

 * September 12, 1946: A Pennsylvania Central Airlines Douglas DC-4 (NX91068), landed safely at Washington, D.C., following an engine fire. The crew received minor injuries and the aircraft suffered major damage.

 * May 8, 1947: A Capital Airlines Douglas DC-3 (NC11917), on a ferry flight from Norfolk, Virginia, to Washington, D.C., suffered a failure of the left engine. The propeller could not be feathered and there was severe vibration. Leaking oil and sparks were coming from the engine. The crew elected to make a forced landing, wheels up and flaps down. Major damage resulted.

 * June 13, 1947: Pennsylvania Central Airlines Flight 410, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster (NC88842), crashed into Lookout Rock, West Virginia, about eight miles southeast of Charles Town, West Virginia, while en route from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Washington, D.C., killing all 50 on board.

 * April 27, 1949: Capital Airlines Trip 40, a Douglas DC-3 (NC25689), made a forced landing near Frankfort Springs, Pennsylvania. There was only minor damage to the airplane and there were no injuries

 * August 7, 1949: Capital Airlines Flight 19, a Douglas DC-3 (NC25689), collided with a Cessna 140 near General Mitchell Field, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Cessna was destroyed and the occupants killed. The DC-3 lost six feet off the right wing, and a portion of the right aileron. No one aboard the airliner were injured and the airplane landed at the airport. The probable cause of the accident was the failure of the pilots in the DC-3 to observe and avoid the Cessna aircraft.

 * December 12, 1949: Capital Airlines Flight 500 a Douglas DC-3-313A (NC45379), stalled and crashed in the Potomac River off Washington, D.C., killing six of 23 on board.

 * February 20, 1956: Capital Airlines Flight 141, a Vickers Viscount 744 (N7404, Fin #327), was badly damaged at Chicago Midway International Airport after a hard landing due to a malfunction of the propeller control switches; all 42 on board survived. Despite this, the aircraft was remanufactured as c/n 301 and entered service with Trans-Canada Air Lines in May 1957.

 * June 22, 1957: A Capital Airlines Douglas C-47 (N88835), which was on a training flight, crashed near Clarksburg, Maryland. The aircraft was destroyed and the crew were all killed. The probable cause was loss of airspeed while executing maneuvers, resulting in a stall followed by a spin.

 * April 6, 1958: Capital Airlines Flight 67, a Vickers Viscount 745D (N7437, Fin #356), lost control and crashed on approach to Saginaw, Michigan, resulting in 47 fatalities. The crash was attributed to ice on the horizontal stabilizer.

 * May 20, 1958: Capital Airlines Flight 300, a Vickers Viscount 745D (N7410, Fin #329), collided with Air National Guard Lockheed T-33 53-5966, killing all eleven on board when the Viscount crashed at Brunswick, Maryland, as was one of the two crew members of the T-33.

 * June 4, 1958: Capital Airlines Flight 3, a Douglas C-53B (N49553, Fin #233), crashed at Martinsburg Airport, Martinsburg, West Virginia. A trainee stalled the aircraft on takeoff, the instructor failed to monitor the situation and airplane crashed off the end of the runway.

 * May 12, 1959: Capital Airlines Flight 983, a Lockheed L-049E Constellation (N2735A), was intentionally ground looped by the pilot, after a landing on a short, wet runway at Charleston, West Virginia. It caught fire as it skidded and slid down a steep embankment, killing two of 44 on board.

 * May 12, 1959: Capital Airlines Flight 75, a Vickers Viscount 745D (N7463), broke up in mid-air after encountering thunderstorms. The aircraft crashed at Chase, Maryland, killing all 31 people on board.

 * August 26, 1959: A Capital Airlines Douglas DC-3 (N44993), crashed on landing at Charleston, West Virginia. The pilot lost control and the airplane swerved off the runway and plunged down an embankment. The probable cause of the accident was loss of control following a poorly executed landing.

 * January 18, 1960: Capital Airlines Flight 20, a Vickers Viscount 745D (N7462, Fin #380), crashed at Holdcroft, Virginia, after losing power from at first two, then all four engines (although one engine was restarted). All 50 people on board were killed.

title: Capital Airlines (United States)


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John Aspinall (engineer)

Sir John Audley Frederick Aspinall (25 August 1851 – 19 January 1937) was an English mechanical engineer who served as Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) of Ireland and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) of England. He introduced vacuum brakes to his locomotives in Ireland, a trend which was followed in Britain, and designed several locomotives. He was also president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

Biography
Aspinall was born on 25 August 1851 in Liverpool to a Roman Catholic judge. He attended the Roman Catholic boarding school of Beaumont College, Berkshire before being apprenticed to engineers John Ramsbottom and Francis Webb of the London and North Western Railway in 1868. He was sent by Webb to the United States of America in 1872 where he was greatly impressed by the larger loading gauge in use there.

In 1875, he moved to the Great Southern and Western Railway of Ireland and became their works manager at Inchicore, Dublin. Aspinall was promoted to Locomotive Superintendent in 1883 and introduced a form of vacuum braking to his locomotives which was soon adopted by several other lines, including the London and North Western and Great Northern Railways. He was succeeded at Inchicore by Henry Ivatt and was to keep links with both Inchicore and Ivatt.

He became the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1886. Continuing the work of his predecessor, William Barton Wright, he modernised the locomotive stock and continued Barton Wright's philosophy of standardisation, bringing in several of his own design. He was promoted to L&YR general manager in 1899, a position he was to hold until 1919. In this capacity he introduced electrification and greatly expanded the transport of coal.

Aspinall served as president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers between 1909 and 1910 and was interned in Germany at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Aspinall received a knighthood on 13 June 1917 for his contributions to the war effort and national transport system. He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between November 1918 and November 1919. Aspinall also conducted the inquiry into the Sevenoaks railway accident. He was the first recipient of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers' James Watt International Medal, receiving it in 1937.

He died on 19 January 1937. His son, John, was a barrister and first-class cricketer.

He wrote seven academic papers and was the holder of fourteen patents.

Locomotive designs

 * GS&WR Classes 52 and 60, classes of 4-4-0 passenger locomotive serving the period 1883 to 1960.
 * L&YR Class 2 and Class 3, two designs of 4-4-0 steam locomotive.
 * L&YR Class 5, a class of 270 steam tank locomotives with a 2-4-2T wheel arrangement.
 * L&YR Class 7, a class of 40 steam passenger locomotives built between 1899 and 1902 with a 4-4-2 wheel arrangement.
 * L&YR Class 21, class of small 0-4-0ST steam locomotives for shunting duties.
 * L&YR Class 23, a class of 0-6-0ST steam locomotive used for shunting and for short-trip freight working, originally by William Barton Wright, rebuilt by Aspinall.
 * L&YR Class 27, a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed for freight work.
 * L&YR Class 30, a class of 0-8-0 steam locomotives, designed by Aspinall, built under Hoy.

title: John Aspinall (engineer)


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Gomantak Lok Pox

The Gomantak Lok Pox (GLP; in English: Goa People's Party; in Portuguese: Partido Popular de Goa) was a political party in the Indian state of Goa and in Portuguese India. The last general secretary of the party was Mathany Saldanha.

The GLP is the name given to a historical political grouping that struggled for the liberation of Portuguese India. The party, however, has three distinct historical moments: the first, which runs from 1835 to 1855; the second, from 1948 to 1962;  the third from 1970 to 2002.

Between 1948 and 1961 he had George Vaz as secretary-general; Between 1961 and 1962 its representative in the CONCP was Aquino de Bragança.

In the late 1970s, Mathany Saldanha established the "Gomantak Lok Pox" party.

In the state assembly elections 1999, Saldanha was the sole candidate of the party. He stood in the Cortalim constituency and got 1,728 votes (9.81%). In 2002, GLP merged with United Goans Democratic Party, and Saldanha became the general secretary of UGDP.

title: Gomantak Lok Pox


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Robert Warburton

Colonel Sir Robert Warburton (11 July 1842 – 22 April 1899) was a British soldier and administrator. Half-Afghan and proficient in both Farsi and Pashto, he served for many years as British political officer in charge of the Khyber Pass, a region of strategic importance to British India. He helped maintain peace with the Afridis, who rose in revolt eighteen years after his retirement.

Early life and education
Robert Warburton was born in a Ghilzai fort between Jagdallak and Mak on 11 July 1842, the only son of Lt. Col. Robert Warburton (1812–1863), of the Royal Artillery, by Shah Jahan Begum, niece of the Amir Dost Mohammed of Afghanistan through a marriage of forced abduction at gunpoint during the British occupation of Kabul. His father was a younger son of Richard Warburton, of Garryhinch, Queen's County, Ireland. The latter's father, John Warburton, MP for Queen's County, had served under General Wolfe at Quebec in 1759.

At the time of Robert's birth his mother was fleeing from the troopers of Sardar Muhammad Akbar Khan, who pursued her for months after the massacre of English at Kabul on 1 November 1841. She was sheltered by her relatives and finally rejoined her husband on 20 September 1842.

At the close of the Afghan war, Robert and his mother accompanied his father's battery to Sipri, whence they removed to Morar in Gwalior. In 1850, Robert was placed at school at Mussoorie under Robert North Maddock, where he remained until 1 December 1856. He was then sent to England, and educated at Kensington Grammar School under G. Frost. Thence he obtained a cadetship, and after one term at the Royal India Military College, Addiscombe, and two at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, he obtained his commission in the Royal Regiment of Artillery on 18 December 1861.

Career
In 1862, Warburton was sent to India and stationed with the 1st battery of the 24th brigade at Fort Govindghar, the fortress of Amritsar. In August 1864, he transferred to F battery of the 18th brigade and was stationed at Mian Mir.

In 1866, the failure of the Agra and Masterman's Bank left him with only his pay to support himself and his mother. To increase his resources he transferred to the 21st Punjab Infantry. This regiment was then under orders for the Abyssinian campaign, and disembarked at Zoula on 1 February 1868. While serving with the transport train Warburton showed great tact in conciliating native feeling, and received the thanks of Sir Robert Napier for his services. When he was invalided to England, Napier interested himself in his behalf, and wrote to the lieutenant-governor of the Punjab recommending him for employment on the frontier.

On his return to India in April 1869, Warburton was attached as a probationer to the 15th Ludhiana Sikhs, and in July 1870 was appointed to the Punjab commission as an assistant commissioner to the Peshawar division. At the end of September 1872, he was removed temporarily to the sub-district of Yusafzai and stationed at Hoti-mardan, and in February 1876 he was permanently appointed. Under Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, he took part in several enterprises against the hill tribes who persisted in raiding British territory, particularly against the Utman Khel in 1878, and was five times complimented by the government of the Punjab and thrice by the secretary of state for India. In 1879, during the Afghan campaign, Cavagnari made repeated applications for his services, but the Punjab government refused to spare him. In July, however, he was appointed political officer of the Khyber, a post that he held for eighteen years.

On the news of the murder of Cavagnari at the Siege of the British Residency in Kabul, Warburton was nominated chief political officer with General Sir Robert Onesiphorus Bright, commanding the Jalalabad field force. He joined the force on 10 October, and proceeded to Jalalabad to ascertain the revenues of the district. In April 1880, he was invalided to England, and he did not return to the Khyber Pass until 16 February 1882. From that time he remained on the frontier almost continuously until his retirement.

He held a remarkable influence over the hill tribes, perhaps in part owing to his Afghan blood. He raised the Khyber Rifles from among these tribes, a force which for many years kept the pass tranquil. His camp became the rendezvous of mutually hostile tribesmen, who refrained from hostilities so long as they remained within its precincts. He was accustomed to travel with no weapon but a walking-stick, and everywhere met with demonstrations of attachment. Able to converse fluently with the learned in Persian and with the common folk in the vernacular Pashto, he succeeded, by his acquaintance with tribal life and character, in gaining an exceptional influence over the border Afghans. In 1881, he attained the rank of major, and in 1887 that of lieutenant-colonel.

On 1 January 1890, in recognition of his services, he was created C.S.I. In 1893, he was nominated to the brevet rank of colonel. He resigned his post on 11 July 1897, and received the thanks of the Punjab government. He had frequently requested government to give him an English assistant who might continue his policy and succeed to his influence after his retirement. This request was never granted, and the advent of a successor without local experience was at once followed by disquiet. On the outbreak of unrest among the Afridis in August, he was asked by the Indian government on 13 August whether he was willing to resume his service in connection with the Khyber Pass and the Afridis. He declared himself willing, but on 23 August, before definite orders had been given, hostilities broke out. He served with the Tirah expedition, and in 1898 he was created Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire. The hardships of the Tirah campaign exhausted him, and the loss of the Khyber port broke his heart.

Death
Warburton returned to England with broken health, and died at 3 Russell Road, Kensington, on 22 April 1899. He was buried at Brompton Cemetery on 27 April.

Personal life
In 1868, Warburton married Mary, eldest daughter of William Cecil of Dyftrin, Monmouthshire. After her husband's death she edited his memoir Eighteen Years in the Khyber, published in 1900.

Honours

 * Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI), 1890
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE), 1898

title: Robert Warburton


text:
Lottery scam

A lottery scam is a type of advance-fee fraud which begins with an unexpected email notification, phone call, or mailing (sometimes including a large check) explaining that "You have won!" a large sum of money in a lottery. The recipient of the message—the target of the scam—is usually told to keep the notice secret, "due to a mix-up in some of the names and numbers," and to contact a "claims agent." After contacting the agent, the target of the scam will be asked to pay "processing fees" or "transfer charges" so that the winnings can be distributed, but will never receive any lottery payment. Many email lottery scams use the names of legitimate lottery organizations or other legitimate corporations/companies, but this does not mean the legitimate organizations are in any way involved with the scams.

Identification
There are several ways of identifying a fake lottery email:
 * Unless someone has bought a ticket, one cannot have won a prize. There are no such things as "email" draws or any other lottery where "no tickets were sold". This is simply another invention by the scammer to make the victims believe that they have won.
 * The scammer will ask the victims to pay a fee in advance to receive their prize. All genuine lotteries simply subtract any fees and tax from the prize.  Regardless of what the scammer claims this fee is for (such as courier charges, bank charges, or various imaginary certificates), these are all fabricated by the scammer to obtain money from victims.
 * Scam lottery emails will often come from free email accounts such as Outlook, Yahoo!, Hotmail, Live, MSN, Gmail etc.
 * Scam emails will often insist that the recipient keep their win confidential; this is done to avoid others advising them that the email is a scam.
 * There may be inconsistencies between currencies and countries, such as for example the message being sent to an individual who lives in the UK and claiming the amount won to be in US dollars and the lottery itself to be based in South Africa.
 * As with many scam email messages in general, lottery scam messages may contain spelling and/or grammatical issues.

Most email lottery scams are a type of advance fee fraud.

Mis-selling by lottery "win"
Another type of lottery scam is a scam email or web page where the recipient had won a sum of money in the lottery. The recipient is instructed to contact an agent very quickly but the scammers are just using a third party company, person, email or names to hide their true identity, in some cases offering extra prizes (such as a 7 Day/6 Night Bahamas Cruise Vacation, if the user rings within 4 minutes). After contacting the "agent", the recipient will be asked to come to an office, where during one hour or more, the conditions of receiving the offer are revealed. For example, the prize recipient is encouraged to spend as much as 30 times the prize money in order to receive the prize itself. In other words, although the offer is in fact genuine, it is really only a discount of a few percent on an extremely expensive purchase. This type of scam is legal in many jurisdictions.

Sometimes lottery scam messages are sent by ordinary postal mail; their content and style is similar to the e-mail versions. For example, some scams by letter misuse the names of the legal Spanish lotteries, such as El Gordo de la Primitiva.

In the UK a number of legitimate lottery sites have dedicated pages on the subject of scams.

Blackmail variation
This variation relies on the target agreeing to accept a sum of money that they know that they are not entitled to and then, when they refuse to pay the advance fee, the scammers then threaten to report them unless blackmail is paid.

A typical scenario is when the emails are sent to staff of a multinational corporation with offices/branches throughout the world using their work email address. The fraudsters will represent themselves as the agents of a scheme that the multinational has won. An example being the "winners" of a prize as a result of placing an advertisement with the supposed promoter of the scheme in an obscure (and sometimes fictional) trade magazine published in an equally obscure country. The scammers will allege that they have written to the corporation's headquarters and made every attempt to pass on the "prize" but without success, but as they (the scammers) don't want to lose face with the promoters they are anxious to discharge their responsibilities to pass on the prize money, they will ask for the target's personal banking details to allow the "prize" to be sent and trust the target to pass it on to their employers. This immediately makes the target vulnerable to a phishing attack but, more significantly, to blackmail attempts. When they refuse to pay any advance fee the fraudsters threaten to report the matter to their employers and/or the police.

title: Lottery scam


text:
Garba (dance)

Garba (Gujarati: ગરબા) is a form of Gujarati dance which originates from the state of Gujarat, India. The name is derived from the Sanskrit term Garbha. Many traditional garbas are performed around a centrally lit lamp or a picture or statue of the Hindu goddess Durga. Traditionally, it is performed during the nine-day Hindu festival Navaratri (Gujarati: નવરાત્રી, where નવ means 9, and રાત્રી means nights). Either the lamp (the Garba Deep) or an image of the Goddess, Durga (also called Amba) is placed in the middle of concentric rings as an object of veneration.

Etymology
The word garba comes from the Sanskrit word for womb and so implies gestation or pregnancy — life. Traditionally, the dance is performed around a clay lantern with a light inside, called a Garbha Deep ("womb lamp"). This lantern represents life, and the fetus in the womb in particular. The dancers thus honor Durga, the feminine form of divinity.

Garba is performed in a circle as a symbol of the Hindu view of time. The rings of dancers revolve in cycles, as time in Hindu is cyclical. As the cycle of time revolve, from birth, to life, to death and again to rebirth, the only thing that is constant is the Goddess, that one unmoving symbol in the midst of all of this unending and infinite movement. The dance symbolizes that God, represented in feminine form in this case, is the only thing that remains unchanging in a constantly changing universe (jagat).

The Garbha Deep has another symbolic interpretation. The vessel itself is a symbol of the body, within whom Divinity (in the form of the Goddess) resides. Garba is danced around this symbol to honour the fact that all humans have the Divine energy of Devi within them.

Dance
Modern Garba is also heavily influenced by Dandiya Raas (Gujarātī: ડાંડીયા રાસ), a dance traditionally performed by men. The merger of these two dances has formed the high-energy dance that is seen today.

Both men and women usually wear colorful clothes while performing garba and dandiya. The girls and the women wear Chaniya choli, a three-piece dress with a choli, which is an embroidered and colorful blouse, teamed with chaniya, which is the flared, skirt-like bottom, with intricate work and dupatta, which is usually worn in the traditional Gujarati manner. Chaniya Cholis are decorated with beads, shells, mirrors, stars, embroidery work, mati, etc. Traditionally, women adorn themselves with jhumkas (large earrings), necklaces, bindi, bajubandh, chudas and kangans, kamarbandh, payal, and mojiris. Boys and men wear kafni pyjamas with a Ghagra - a short round kurta - above the knees and pagadi on the head with bandhini dupatta, kada, and mojiris. In Gujarati, these clothes worn by men is called  'Kediyu'. Over the years, the interest in Garba has only increased. There is a huge interest in Garba among the youth of India and in particular, the Gujarati diaspora. Traditionally, this dance is performed in concentric circles and the entire group performs once step in sync, with the beat starting slow and slowly catching on speed.

Garba and Dandiya Raas are also popular in the United States where more than 20 universities have Raas/Garba competitions on a huge scale every year with professional choreography. The Canadian city of Toronto now hosts North America's largest annual garba by number of attendees. Garba is also very popular in the United Kingdom where there are a number of Gujarati communities who hold their own Garba nights and widely popular among the Gujarati community worldwide.

Tradition
Garba is a Gujarati folk dance celebrated in Navratri, a celebration lasting nine nights. Garba songs typically revolve around the subjects of the nine goddesses. Garba styles vary from place to place in Gujarat.

The traditional clothing of the Garba dancer is red, pink, yellow, orange, and brightly colored chanya, choli or ghagra choli; dupatta with bandhani (tie-dye), abhla (big mirrors) or with thick Gujarati borders. They also wear heavy jewellery, such as 2-3 necklaces, sparkling bangles, waist belts, and long oxidized earrings. Traditionally men wear an ethnic kedia and a pajama or a dhoti with an oxidized bracelet and necklace. Normally, the dandiya sticks are Wooden.

Recognitions
In December 2023, UNESCO recognised Garba with the Intangible cultural heritage tag.

title: Garba (dance)


text:
Dargah

A dargah ( dargâh or درگه dargah, Turkish: dergâh, Hindustani: dargāh दरगाह درگاہ, দরগাহ dôrgah) is a shrine or tomb built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat, a term associated with religious visitation and pilgrimages. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrassas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.

The same structure, carrying the same social meanings and sites of the same kinds of ritual practices, is called maqam in the Arabic-speaking world.

Dargah today is considered to be place where saints prayed and mediated (their spiritual residence). Shrine is modern day building which encompasses of actual dargah as well but not always.

Etymology
Dargah is derived from a Persian word which literally means "portal" or "threshold." The Persian word is a composite of "dar ( در )" meaning "door, gate" and "gah ( گاه )" meaning "place". It may have a connection or connotation with the Arabic word "darajah ( دَرَجَة )" meaning "stature, prestige, dignity, order, place" or may also mean "status, position, rank, echelon, class" Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that dargahs are portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and blessing (as per tawassul, also known as dawat-e qaboor [ Persian: da‘wat-i qabũr دعوتِ قبور, "invocations of the graves or tombs"] or ‘ilm-e dawat [ Persian: ‘ilm-i da‘wat عِلمِ دعوت , "knowledge of invocations"]). Still others hold a less important view of dargahs, and simply visit as a means of paying their respects to deceased pious individuals or to pray at the sites for perceived spiritual benefits.

However, dargah is originally a core concept in Islamic Sufism and holds great importance for the followers of Sufi saints. Many Muslims believe their wishes are fulfilled after they offer prayer or service at a dargah of the saint they follow. Devotees tie threads of mannat (Persian: منّت, "grace, favour, praise") at dargahs and contribute to langar and pray at dargahs.

Over time, musical offerings of dervishes and sheikhs in the presence of the devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs, gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi, wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid, a type of Sufi spiritual instructor. Today they have become a popular form of music and entertainment throughout South Asia, with exponents like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen taking their music to various parts of the world.

Throughout the non-Arab Muslim world
Sufi shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout the world and are called by many names. The term dargah is common in the Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably in Iran, Turkey and South Asia.

In South Africa, the term is used to describe shrines in the Durban area where there is a strong Indian presence, while the term keramat is more commonly used in Cape Town, where there is a strong Cape Malay culture.

In South Asia, dargahs are often the site of festivals (milad) held in honor of the deceased saint on the anniversary of his death (urs). The shrine is illuminated with candles or strings of electric lights at this time. Dargahs in South Asia, have historically been a place for all faiths since the medieval times; for example, the Ajmer Sharif Dargah was a meeting place for Hindus and Muslims to pay respect and even to the revered Saint Mu'in al-Din Chishti.

In China, the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes centered around a Sufi saint's tomb.

Worldwide
There are many active dargahs open to the public worldwide where aspirants may go for a retreat. The following is a list of dargahs open to the public.
 * Shrine of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani in Baghdad, Iraq
 * Shrine of Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti, Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

 * Shrine of Ahmad Ullah Maizbhandari in Chittagong, Bangladesh
 * Shrine of Syed Shah Wilayat Naqvi, Amroha, India

 * Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan Sharif, Pakistan
 * Shrine of Pir Hadi Hassan Bux Shah Jilani in Duthro Sharif, Pakistan
 * Shrine of Baba Bulleh Shah in Kasur, Pakistan
 * Shrine of Piran Kaliyar in, Roorkee, India.
 * Shrine of Murshid Nadir Ali Shah in Sehwan Sharif, Pakistan
 * Shrine of Data Ganj Bakhsh Ali al-Hujwiri, Data Darbar, Lahore, Pakistan
 * Shrine of Shah Jalal in Sylhet, Bangladesh
 * Shrine of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani at Ashrafpur Kichhauchha, Uttar Pradesh, India
 * Shrine of Shah Ata in Gangarampur, West Bengal, India
 * Shrine of Syed Ibrahim Badshah Shaheed, Erwadi, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Shrine of Nagore Dargah, Nagore, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Shrine of Sulthan Sikandhar Badhusha Shaheed, Thiruparankundram Dargah, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Shrine of Meer Ahmad Ibrahim, Madurai Hazrat Maqbara, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Shrine of Shaykh Nazim Al-Haqqani in Lefka, Cyprus

Opposition by other Sunni groups
The Ahl-i Hadith, Deobandi, Salafi and Wahhabi religious scholars argue against the practice of constructing shrines over graves, and consider it as associating partners with God, which is called shirk. They believe Islamic prophet Muhammad strongly condemned the practice of turning graves into places of worship and even cursed those who did so. The current Wahhabi rulers of Saudi Arabia have destroyed more than 1400-year-old grave sites of companions and ahl al-bayt including Othman, Khadija and Aisha amongst numerous others,  although visiting graves is encouraged in Islam to remember death and the Day of Judgment.

Sufi Defence on Permissibility of Dargah
Sufis, refute such claims on the basis of misquotation of hadith. The hadith "Let there be curse of Allah upon the Jews and the Christians for they have taken the graves of their apostles as places of worship.(Sahih Muslim)", is directed towards the disbelievers not the Muslims who took graves as place of worship i.e. they prayed facing towards the graves, this is not the practice of Sufis as they do not take graves as their Qibla (direction). As for constructing structure over grave, it is refuted on the basis that the grave of Prophet Muhammad and the first two Khalifa, Abu Bakr and Umar, itself have a structure over it.

To construct a building, shelter or edifice around the graves of the Auliya Allah (Friends of Allah) and Scholars of Islam or nearby is proven to be permissible from the Quran and practice and rulings of the Sahaba,.

Narrating the incident of the People of the Cave [Ashaab-e-Kahf), the Holy Quran states, “The person who was dominant in this matter said, “We shall build a Masjid over the People of the Cave.”– [Surah Kahf. Verse 21]

Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi explains the above Quran verse in his famous Tafsir al Kabeer, "And when Allah said {Those who prevailed over their affair} this refers to the Muslim ruler or the friends of Ashaab al Kahf (i.e. believers) or the leaders of town. {We will surely build a Mosque over them} so that we can worship Allah in it and preserve the relics of companions of the cave due to this mosque” [Tafsir al-Kabeer, 5/475].

Imam Abu al-Walid al-Baji, quotes in his book Al-Muntaqa Sharh al-Muwatta (commentary of Muwatta Imam Malik), "Hadrat Umar built a dome over the grave of Hadrat Zainab bint Jahsh, and Sayyidah Aisha on the grave of her brother Hadrat Abdur-Rahman and Hadrat Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya on the grave of Hadrat Ibn Abbas. So Whoever has classified building domes to be disliked (Makrooh) has said so if they are built in order to show off. (Imam Badr al-Din al-Ayni, also writes the same in his book Umdat al-Qari - commentary of Sahih Bukhari)

title: Dargah


text:
Connie Hawkins

Cornelius Lance "Connie" Hawkins (July 17, 1942 – October 6, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. A New York City playground legend, "the Hawk" was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992.

Early years
Hawkins was born in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, where he attended Boys High School, and played for coach Mickey Fisher. Hawkins soon became a fixture at Rucker Park, a legendary outdoor court where he battled against some of the best players in the world.

Hawkins did not play much until his junior year at Boys High. Hawkins was All-City first team as a junior as Boys went undefeated and won New York's Public Schools Athletic League (PSAL) title in 1959. During his senior year he averaged 25.5 points per game, including one game in which he scored 60, and Boys again went undefeated and won the 1960 PSAL title. Hawkins then signed a scholarship offer to play at the University of Iowa.

College and investigation into point-shaving
During Hawkins' freshman year at Iowa, he was a victim of the hysteria surrounding a point-shaving scandal that had started in New York City. Hawkins' name surfaced in an interview conducted with an individual who was involved in the scandal. While some of the conspirators and characters involved were known to or knew Hawkins, none – including the New York attorney at the center of the scandal, Jack Molinas – had ever sought to involve Hawkins in the conspiracy. Hawkins had borrowed $200 ($0 in current dollar terms) from Molinas for school expenses, which his brother Fred repaid before the scandal broke in 1961. The scandal became known as the 1961 college basketball gambling scandal.

Despite the fact that Hawkins could not have been involved in point-shaving (as a freshman, due to NCAA rules of the time, he was ineligible to participate in varsity-level athletics), he was kept from seeking legal counsel while being questioned by New York City detectives who were investigating the scandal.

Expulsion from Iowa
As a result of the investigation, during which Hawkins maintained that he had no involvement in the scheme, and despite never being arrested or indicted, Hawkins was expelled from Iowa. He was effectively blackballed from the college ranks as no NCAA or NAIA school would offer him a scholarship. NBA commissioner J. Walter Kennedy let it be known that he would not approve any contract for Hawkins to play in the league. At the time, the NBA had a policy barring players who were even remotely involved with point-shaving scandals. As a result, when his class was eligible for the draft in 1964, no team selected him. He went undrafted in 1965 as well before being formally banned from the league in 1966.

Pittsburgh Rens (1961–1963)

With the major professional basketball league having blackballed him, Hawkins played one season for the Pittsburgh Rens of the American Basketball League (ABL), an aspiring rival to the NBA, and was named the league's most valuable player.

Harlem Globetrotters (1963–1967)
After that league folded in the middle of the 1962–63 season, Hawkins spent four years performing with the Harlem Globetrotters.

During the time Hawkins was traveling with the Globetrotters, he filed a $6 million lawsuit against the NBA, claiming the league had unfairly banned him from participation and that there was no substantial evidence linking him to gambling activities. Hawkins's lawyers suggested that he participate in the new American Basketball Association (ABA) as a way to establish his talent level as adequate to participate in the NBA, as well as an immediate source of income.

Pittsburgh/Minnesota Pipers (1967–1969)
Hawkins joined the Pittsburgh Pipers in the inaugural 1967–68 season of the ABA, leading the team to a 54–24 regular season record and the 1968 ABA championship. Hawkins led the ABA in scoring that year and won both the ABA's regular season and playoff MVP awards.

The Pipers moved to Minnesota for the 1968–69 season, but injuries and a knee surgery limited Hawkins to 47 games. The Pipers made the playoffs despite injuries to their top four players, but were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs. Following the playoffs, the Pipers franchise moved back to Pittsburgh.

Hawkins' lawyer, Roslyn Litman, and her husband, fellow lawyer S. David Litman, who was the brother of the Rens owner, filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NBA in 1966, arguing that the league and its owners blacklisted Hawkins. The NBA had refused to allow any team to hire Hawkins, who at the time the Litmans started working with while he was still playing for the Harlem Globetrotters.

In the light of several major media pieces, most notably a Life magazine article written by David Wolf, establishing the dubious nature of the evidence connecting Hawkins to gambling, the NBA concluded it was unlikely to successfully defend the lawsuit. Seeking to avoid a defeat in court which might jeopardize its ability to bar players who had actually participated in gambling, the NBA elected to settle after the 1968–69 season and admit Hawkins to the league. The league agreed to a $1.3M settlement in 1969.

The league paid Hawkins a cash settlement of nearly $1.3 million (approximately $0 in 2024), and assigned his rights to the expansion Phoenix Suns. He would be assigned to the Suns as a result of them winning a coin toss over the Seattle SuperSonics. Although the Pipers made a cursory effort to re-sign him, playing in the NBA had been a longtime ambition for Hawkins and he quickly signed with the Suns.

Phoenix Suns (1969–1973)
In 1969, still recovering from knee surgery in his final ABA season, Hawkins hit the ground running with the Phoenix Suns, when he played 81 games and averaged 24.6 points, 10.4 rebounds and 4.8 assists per game. In the final game of his rookie season, Connie had 44 points, 20 rebounds, 8 assists, 5 blocks and 5 steals. The Suns finished third in the Western Conference, and in the 1970 NBA playoffs they were knocked out by the Los Angeles Lakers in a seven-game Western Conference Semifinals series in which Hawkins carried the Suns against a team that had future Hall of Famers Wilt Chamberlain, Elgin Baylor and Jerry West. In Game 2 of the series, on March 29, 1970, Hawkins led the Suns to a 114–101 victory while scoring 34 points, grabbing 20 rebounds, and recording 7 assists. For the series, Hawkins averaged 25 points, 14 rebounds and 7 assists per game.

He missed 11 games due to injury during the 1970–71 season, averaging 21 points per game. He matched those stats the next year, and was the top scorer on a per-game basis for the Suns in the 1971–72 season. He averaged a comparatively low 16 points per game for the Suns in the 1972–73 season.

Los Angeles Lakers (1973–1975)
Averaging 11.3 points nine games into the 1973–74 season and having been replaced in the starting lineup by Mike Bantom, Hawkins was traded from the Suns to the Lakers for Keith Erickson and a 1974 second-round selection (31st overall–Fred Saunders) on October 30.

Atlanta Hawks (1975–1976)
Injuries limited Hawkins' production in the 1974–75 season, and he finished his career after the 1975–76 season, playing for the Atlanta Hawks.

Milestones
Connie Hawkins was named to the ABA's All-Time Team.

Due to knee problems, Hawkins played in the NBA for only seven seasons. He was an All-Star from 1970 to 1973 and was named to the All-NBA First Team in the 1969–70 season. His No. 42 jersey was retired by the Suns.

Despite being unable to play in the NBA when he was in his prime, Hawkins' performances throughout the ABL, ABA and NBA helped get him inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992.

Personal life
The Hawkins' story up to 1971 is documented in the biography, Foul by David Wolf, ISBN 978-0030860218

In a skit for NBC's Saturday Night Live in 1975, Hawkins played against singer Paul Simon in a one-on-one game accompanied by Simon's song "Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard." The skit was presented as a schoolyard challenge between the two and had Simon winning, despite the disparity in height between the two men (Simon at 5 ft 3 in, Hawkins at 6 ft 8 in).

One of Hawkins' nephews is Jim McCoy Jr., who scored a school-record 2,374 career points for the UMass Minutemen basketball team from 1988 to 1992.

He was the grandfather of Shawn Hawkins, who played professional basketball internationally and was a two-time scoring champion in Taiwan's Super Basketball League (SBL).

Hawkins moved to Phoenix, Arizona, and worked in community relations for the Suns until his death from cancer on October 6, 2017, at the age of 75.

In popular culture
Hawkins’ story is the topic of a song titled "The Legend of Connie Hawkins" by Dispatch on their 2021 album Break Our Fall.

title: Connie Hawkins


text:
Ladislav Slovák

Ladislav Slovák (10 September 1919, Veľké Leváre – 22 July 1999, Bratislava) was a Slovak conductor.

He was a long-time director of the Slovak Philharmonic, taking over the job from his teacher and mentor Václav Talich. Amongst his most important recordings is the entire collection of Dmitri Shostakovich's fifteen symphonies with Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra, published by Naxos Records. He studied in Leningrad under the Russian conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky, and met Shostakovich while participating in rehearsals of his music. From 1990 until 1995, Slovák recorded all twelve symphonies by Alexander Moyzes for the Marco Polo label of Naxos Records. These recordings were re-released between 2018 and 2019 on the Naxos label.

Slovák's daughter, Kamila Magálová, is one of Slovakia's best-known theatre actresses and a member of the Slovak National Theatre. His son Marián Slovák is also an actor.

title: Ladislav Slovák


text:
Talk:Willem 's Gravesande

name
Is the apostrophe is his first name supposed to be there? I've never encountered such, in either English or Dutch. 165.91.64.228 (talk) 05:16, 27 June 2008 (UTC)RKH

Like you use I've in Dutch 's Hertogenbosch or 's Gravenhage is used, it is short and used and spelled that way for ages. Same counts for his last name. The space needs to be there. Taksen (talk) 19:31, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Nothing Too Serious
If anyone wants to fix the math formatting, go right ahead... Mashford 20:33, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 16:55, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Willem 's Gravesande


text:
Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan)

Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan) was a group of politicians from Goa which broke away from the Opposition Indian National Congress on August 17, 2002.

This group was led by the former Speaker of the Goa assembly, Haji Sheikh Hassan Haroon. Five members of the legislative assembly joined the split. The new party declared its support to the then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-Goa People's Congress government. However, four of the MLAs quickly deserted Sheikh Hassan and joined the BJP, the dominant partner of the then ruling coalition, which came to power in Goa mainly by splitting up the Congress and other political parties.

In October 2002 INC(SH) was included in the Government of Goa. Sheikh Hassan was appointed Minister of Industry and Handicraft and his party colleague Prakash Velip was appointed minister of cooperation, official languages, among other portfolios.

In the state elections 2002 Sheikh Hassan Haroon stood as a BJP candidate, and lost. Later, following the anti-Muslim communal riots in Curchorem, Sheikh Hassan moved away from the BJP which was out of power by this time, in early 2006 and cited the Curchorem violence as the reason for doing so. The current status of INC(SH) is unclear.

He was died in 7 May, 2021 in Goa.


text:
Talk:Greatest Hits (Thin Lizzy album)

Original Albums
Why are the original albums for each track listed on Disc 1 but not on Disc 2?

title: Talk:Greatest Hits (Thin Lizzy album)


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Advance to Boardwalk

Advance to Boardwalk is a 1985 spin-off of the Parker Brothers board game Monopoly.

Setting
Like its progenitor, its setting is the real-estate world in Atlantic City, New Jersey, but focuses only on the boardwalk. It involves the building of hotels, which are constructed by the various players who place markers to indicate the growing floors of the hotels.

More than one player can have floors in a given hotel, but much like Monopoly, advantages can be gained by owning a majority of floors in a given hotel.

Game mechanics
The board begins with a series of empty lots along the boardwalk, arranged in color groups, and laid out with property value cards. Trespassing dice are thrown: two standard numeric six-sided dice, and a special color die. The total number tells the player how much they are allowed to spend; the color die tells the player within which color group they can spend. The color die could also tell the player that they can build in any color group (when the die comes up as a "W", for "Wild"), or that they have to draw a card (when the die comes up as an "F", for "Fortune Card").

When building, players can place as many hotel floors as desired on as many properties as able, up to the total numeric amount shown on the dice, and within the color group indicated. For example, if a 2 and 5 and "blue" are rolled, the player can place as many floors as he or she can on lots in the blue color group, up to $7 million. If the lots are empty, the player takes the property cards for those lots after "building floors." At the end of the turn, the player moves their token up the boardwalk to the space that matches their new total in property values.

Opponents can "take over" a hotel, and take the property value cards for the hotel, by building more floors on an existing lot. In the event of ties, the color closest to "ground level" keeps the property value card. In the event of a "takeover", the player who gains control of the lot can move his or her token up the boardwalk in the amount equal to the property, and his or her opponent's token down the boardwalk in the amount equal to the property.

"Fortune Cards", collected regularly, allow players to take advantage of construction bonuses, natural disasters, and other events to add and remove floors. Cards are picked up when an "F" is rolled (which usually overrides construction in that player's turn), or when certain spaces on the boardwalk are reached, marked with an "F". The first player to pass $35 million in hotel property value wins the game.

Marketing
The game is currently being marketed by Winning Moves as Monopoly Advance To Boardwalk.

Reviews

 * Jeux & Stratégie #41 (as "Rendez-vous Rue de la Paix")

title: Advance to Boardwalk


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Elliot Warburton

Bartholomew Eliot George Warburton (1810–1852), usually known as Eliot Warburton, was an Irish traveller and novelist, born near Tullamore, Ireland.

Biography
His father was Major George Warburton, Inspector General of the Royal Irish Constabulary for Aughrim, County Galway. His mother was Anne Maria Acton of Kilmacurragh, County Wicklow. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the Irish Bar in 1837. He contracted lasting friendships with Monckton Milnes (Lord Houghton) and AW Kinglake, author of Eothen, which he admired. He decided to give up his practice as a barrister for travel and literature.

His first travel articles were published in the Dublin University Magazine, where the editor, Charles Lever persuaded him to make them into a book. This became his first book, The Crescent and the Cross, an account of his travels in 1843 in Greece, Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Egypt, and which fairly divided public attention with Kinglake's Eothen, which appeared in the same year, 1844. Interest in England was centred in the East at the time, and Warburton had popular sympathy with Kinglake in his advocacy of the annexation of Egypt. But, apart from this consideration, the spirited narrative of Warburton's adventures and the picturesque sketches of Eastern life and character were more than sufficient to justify the success of the book. It was a huge success and went into 18 editions.

In 1847 Warburton wrote Zoë: an episode of the Greek War, derived from a story he had heard while visiting the Greek islands. He donated the proceeds of the book to Irish famine relief. His most substantial work was a Memoir of Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers (1849), enriched with original documents, and written with eloquent partiality for the subject. This was followed in 1850 by Reginald Hastings, a novel, the scenes of which were laid in the same period of civil war, and, in 1851, by another historical novel, Darien, or The Merchant Prince. He was also for a time the editor of The Gentleman's Magazine.

He was planning to write a history of the poor, and on his last visit to Dublin visited slums and poor areas of the city. However, in 1852 he was sent by the Atlantic and Pacific Junction Company to explore the isthmus of Darién and to negotiate friendly relations between the company and the local Indian tribes. He sailed on this mission aboard the steamship RMS Amazon (1851), and died along with about 110 other passengers and crew when the Amazon caught fire and sank on 4 January 1852 in the Bay of Biscay.

Family
On 11 January 1848, he married Matilda Jane, second daughter of Edward Grove, of Shenstone Park, Staffordshire. They had two sons, George and Piers.

His brother, Major George Drought Warburton (1816–1857, named after his uncle George Drought of Glencarrig, County Wicklow), collaborated with him on Hochelaga, or England in the New World (1847), and The Conquest of Canada (1849). Another brother, Thomas, studied law at Trinity College, Dublin, while a sister, Sidney, was also a writer.

Nonfiction

 * (with George Warburton)
 * (posthumous; with George Warburton)
 * (posthumous; with George Warburton)
 * (posthumous; with George Warburton)
 * (posthumous; with George Warburton)

title: Elliot Warburton


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Medal of Honor: Infiltrator

Medal of Honor: Infiltrator is a top-down third-person shooter video game, the sixth installment in the Medal of Honor series, and the second game for the Game Boy Advance. The game was developed by Netherock Ltd. and published by EA Games in North America in November 2003, and in Europe and Japan in December 2003.

Gameplay
In the game, the player takes the role of Corporal Jake Murphy, completing five missions to defeat the Axis in some of most famous battles in World War II. The game features 15 missions spread across three theaters including 5 missions behind enemy lines. Infiltrator is technically both a third-person shooter with a fixed view and a first-person shooter blended together. Through the use of a link cable, Infiltrator supports up to two players. It also features a Nintendo GameCube connectivity option, which connects both the game and the GameCube version of Medal of Honor: Rising Sun using the GameCube - Game Boy Advance Link Cable allowing the Game Boy Advance to be used as an in-game map. Upon completing all of the missions, the player unlocks Survival Mode, where the objective is to see how long the player can survive and then try to beat their high score. Completing the game with bonus objectives fulfilled unlocks "Max GI Mode" where the player must complete every mission continuously without turning off the game system.

Reception
The game received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. IGN's Craig Harris noted that "the final product is a game well on the other end of the quality spectrum from last year's dud" and "has a great feel all the way through." Frank Provo of GameSpot stated that Infiltrator "is a fun handheld game that should please anyone who's looking for an action game with teeth."

title: Medal of Honor: Infiltrator


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Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party

Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (abbr. MGP) is a political party in India. It was Goa's first ruling party after the end of Portuguese rule in Goa in 1961.

The party has its base amongst non-Brahmin Hindu migrants from Maharashtra and their descendants, a group that made up a large section of the poorer residents in Goa during Portuguese rule in Goa and whose numbers increased after 1961 by mass immigration from Maharashtra at the invitation of MGP politicians. However, the MGP proposal to merge Goa with Maharashtra was met with stiff opposition from the native Goans. Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, then offered two options:
 * 1) To retain Goa's current status as a Union Territory
 * 2) To merge Goa into the neighboring state of Maharashtra and the other erstwhile Portuguese enclaves of Daman and Diu into the neighbouring state of Gujarat

A law to conduct opinion poll to decide the issue of merger or otherwise of Goa, Daman and Diu with Maharashtra/Gujarat was passed by both the houses of the Indian Parliament, the Lok Sabha (on 1 December 1966), and the Rajya Sabha (on 7 December 1966 and the same received the assent of the President of India, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan on 16 December 1966. An opinion poll was subsequently held on 16 January 1967 to decide the fate of the union territory which voted to retain its status as separate from Maharashtra by 34,021 votes.

The continued mass immigration of Marathi people from Maharashtra to Goa helped the MGP to hold on to power for much of the first two decades of post-Portuguese Goa, despite being affected by some defections, by defeating the other contenders for power — primarily the United Goans Party (not to be confused with the United Goans Democratic Party founded in the 1990s) and the Indian National Congress.

During the first 18 years after the end of Portuguese rule, the MGP led the state government. However, the MGP today is marginalized when compared to its former status. The Bharatiya Janata Party, particularly during its reign between 1999 and 2005, took over most of the Hindu voters and also a large chunk of the MGP workers. Deepak Dhavalikar is the current president of the party and Pratap Fadte is the general secretary.

History
MGP's first chief minister was the mine owner Dayanand Bandodkar, followed by his daughter, Shashikala Kakodkar, who ascended to power after her father died in office, approximately a decade after taking over power, in 1973.

After Shashikala Kakodkar left MGP and joined Congress, Ramakant Khalap became leader of MGP in Goa Assembly and from just two seats under his charismatic leadership MGP won 18 seats in the subsequent elections. As recorded by the Supreme Court of India in the cases Dr. Kashinath Jalmi vs State of Goa and Ravi Naik V/s State of Goa at one time MGP had clear majority of 25 MLAs in the 40-member Assembly of Goa, however by blatant misuse of his powers under the Anti Defection Law and Constitution of India, the then Governor of Goa did not make Khalap Chief Minister of Goa.

MGP's plank was largely based on populism, and promising a better deal to the Hindu economically deprived and socially oppressed sections in Goa. It was initially associated with a plank of merging Goa with the neighboring state of Maharashtra, a policy it subsequently backed away from when the 1967 Opinion Poll held in the region voted against the merger. It has also supported the use of the Marathi language; though some interpret its stand on language and merger as being partly a means of fighting caste issues and countering the domination of Goa by the traditional Hindu and Catholic elites.

The BJP allied with the MGP in the elections of 1994, and made inroads into that party's vote-base, even though it won only four seats in that election, and the MGP got 10. Over the years, the MGP, which is symbolized by a lion and has a saffron flag, has been further eroded by the ascendent BJP.

Following an election in the early 2000s, the MGP were reduced to just one seat (out of a total of 40 seats) in the Goa legislative assembly, while the BJP made large gains.

In the Lok Sabha parliamentary elections of 2004, the party had launched candidates in both constituencies in Goa. They got 5377 and 2207 votes.

1994–1999
In the early 1990s, the BJP was steadily gaining strength in national politics and was emerging as an alternative to the Indian National Congress (INC) at the center. Hoping to end years of Congress rule in the state, the MGP entered into a pre-poll alliance with the BJP in Goa.

Considering that the MGP drew its support from the Bahujan Samaj and the BJP's demands for the demolition of the Babri Masjid, many believed that the electoral alliance would prove to be a tough competition to the ruling Congress as it would help consolidate the majority Hindu votes in its favor.

The MGP contested 25 seats whereas the BJP fielded its candidates from 12 constituencies. However, in the state elections, the Congress emerged as the single largest party, yet again, winning 18 seats. The MGP received 12 seats, whereas four BJP legislators were also elected. The candidates who won the elections on MGP ticket in 1994 were:

Following the results, the Congress formed a coalition government under the leadership of Pratapsinh Rane. However, in 1998, internal differences between the party leaders led to a split in the Congress.

Former CM Dr. Wilfred de Souza broke away with another nine MLAs to form a new political party – the Goa Rajiv Congress which grabbed power, thanks to support extended by both, the MGP as well as the BJP. The government lasted for just 120 days and the INC seized power in November 1998, just a few months before the 1999 assembly polls. The 1994 coalition with the BJP proved to be a strategic blunder for the MGP, affecting the prospects of the party in the future. The national party soon started eating into the MGP's traditional vote bank. As the BJP improved its tally over the next few elections, the MGP's strength has declined exponentially. Many of its top leaders and ordinary cadres have either shifted to other parties or retired from active politics. Since the 1994 assembly polls, the MGP's tally has never crossed the two digit mark.

1999–2002
In the 1999 elections to the state legislature, the MGP was reduced to a mere 4 seats. On the other hand, its former partner, the BJP increased its tally to 10. The INC won a simple majority by winning 21 seats and Luizinho Faleiro was sworn in as the Chief Minister. Fearing internal rebellion, the Congress invited other parties to merge with it or join the government.

A few days later, the United Goans Democratic Party merged into the ruling party increasing its strength to 23. Soon, even the MGP joined the government. The MGP legislators who won the 1999 polls are specified below:

Assembly Elections 2007
The party improved its strength during the June 2007 state elections, in which it allied with the Indian National Congress party. The MGP got 9% of the vote and won two seats in the state assembly, a gain of one. The party entered a coalition government led by the Congress Party and also including the Nationalist Congress Party.

On 26 July 2007, its two MLAs and two Independent MLAs withdraw their support to Digambar Kamat Ministry leading to the reduction of his government into minority. However, they were later wooed back and the regime subsequently completed its full term.

Assembly Elections 2012
Prior to the elections to the state assembly in February 2012, the MGP withdrew its support to the Congress led coalition government citing the medium of instruction as one of the issues. It then entered into a pre-poll agreement with the BJP. Under this agreement, the party contested eight seats (Benaulim, Dabolim, Marcaim, Nuvem, Ponda, Priol, Quepem and Thivim) while its partner fielded its candidates in another 31 seats.

The allies supported independent candidate Nirmala Sawant from Cumbharjua. The elections were important for the party as it had to win either three seats or over 95,000 votes to retain its electoral symbol.

The party won three seats, all in and around the city of Ponda in central Goa. The Dhavalikar brothers retained their seats – Deepak Dhavalikar from Priol and Sudin Dhavalikar from Marcaim. Meanwhile, the MGP candidate Lavoo Mamledar beat Congress heavyweight and incumbent Home Minister Ravi Naik. The BJP won another 21 seats.

The BJP-MGP alliance came to power with the support of 26 MLAs, including two independent candidates, in the 40 member house. Sudin was the minister for PWD, Transport and River Navigation in the new cabinet. Deepak holds the portfolios of Co-operation, Factories & Boilers.

The crisis had even reached the point where dissolution of the party was discussed. Although the MGP has been part of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance, the MGP and the BJP have been experiencing a rift to where Dhavalikar demanded that Laxmikant Parsekar (BJP) should resign as chief minister of Goa as a precondition for alliance talks for the 2017 polls. Parsekar responded by saying that the MGP's MLAs should resign if they were not satisfied with the CM.

Assembly Elections 2017
Before the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election, MGP broke the alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party. Later, they joined hands with Goa Suraksha Manch of RSS leader Subhash Velingkar and Shiv Sena and contested of 27 seat in the state.

After the results were tallied, no party gained a clear majority; however, MGP won three seats. It decided to support the BJP-led coalition on the precondition that former CM Manohar Parrikar who was serving as the Minister of Defense in the central ministry be brought back to lead the government in Goa. The BJP agreed and MGP became a part of Manohar Parrikar led NDA government in Goa, Sudin Dhavalikar and Manohar Ajgaonkar of the MGP were given ministerial berths.

In March 2019, Sudin was appointed Deputy Chief Minister of Goa along with Goa Forward Party's Vijai Sardesai in the newly formed Government of Promod Sawant. However, nine days later, he was dropped form the ministry. This was when two MGP MLAs (Manohar Ajgaonkar and Dipak Pawaskar) joined the Bharatiya Janata Party; their resignations reduced the tally of MGP to one. Soon thereafter, Ajgaonkar was appointed Deputy Chief Minister of Goa.

Assembly Elections 2022
in December 2021, MGP agree a prepoll alliance with All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) for Goa election. MGP will contest 13 constituencies in the 40-seat Goa Assembly. After the election results were tallied, MGP won two seats and the party gave the support latter to the BJP to Form the government in Goa again.

title: Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party


text:
Agitation

Agitation may refer to:

 * Agitation (action), putting into motion by shaking or stirring, often to achieve mixing
 * An emotional state of excitement or restlessness
 * Psychomotor agitation, an extreme form of the above, which can be part of a mental illness or a side effect of anti-psychotic medication
 * Agitation (dementia), a symptom of dementia
 * Political agitation or demonstration (protest), political activities in which an agitator urges people to do something
 * Agitation and Propaganda against the State, a former criminal offence in communist Albania
 * Anti-Soviet agitation, a former criminal offence in the Soviet Union

Music

 * Agitations (album)
 * "Agitation", a Miles Davis song on his album E.S.P.
 * "Agitated", a Devo song on their album Total Devo
 * "Agitated", a song by the band Muse

title: Agitation


text:
User:Dekaritae

Dekaritae

title: User:Dekaritae