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Cochin University of Science and Technology

Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) is a state government-owned autonomous university in Kochi, Kerala, India. It was founded in 1971 and has three campuses: two in Kochi (Kalamassery and Ernakulam) and one in Kuttanad, Alappuzha, 66 km inland.

The university was founded in 1971 as the University of Cochin through an act of the Kerala Legislature, which was the result of a campaign for postgraduate education in the state. It was renamed as Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) in February 1986. Its goals are to promote undergraduate and postgraduate studies and advanced research in applied science, technology, industry, commerce, management and social sciences.

Admissions to both undergraduate and postgraduate courses are based on the Common Admission Test (CAT). Departmental Admission Tests (DAT) are conducted for some postgraduate courses. , the university has 29 Departments of study and research, offering graduate and post-graduate programmes across a wide spectrum of disciplines in Engineering, Science, Technology, Humanities, Law & Management. The university has academic links and exchange programmes with several institutions across the globe.

A new species of amphipod collected from the Cochin backwaters was named Victoriopisa cusatensis after the university in 2018.

The motto of the university is Tejasvinavadhithamastu, which is taken from the Vedas and conveys "May the wisdom accrued deify us both – the teacher and the taught - and percolate to the universe in its totality".

Campuses
The university has three campuses: two are in Kochi, and one is at Pulinkunnu, Kuttanad, Alappuzha about 65 km south of Kochi in the state of Kerala.

Main (Thrikkakara) Campus
The main campus is 1.5 km off the National Highway 47 in South Kalamassery. The 180 acre campus includes the School of Engineering (SOE Campus), Kunjali Marakkar School of Marine Engineering, School of Management Studies, and the School of Legal Studies.

Lakeside Campus
The Lakeside campus, about 12 km from the main campus, is set on Fine Arts Avenue in Cochin city on the waterfront of the estuary. It includes the School of Marine Sciences, School of Industrial Fisheries, Department of Physical Oceanography, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, and the Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics. The School of Marine Sciences library is one of the largest marine science libraries in Asia. The school also has a research vessel for coastal water studies, and has academic interactions with other universities and research institutes within and outside India.

Pulincunnu Campus
The Pulincunnu campus in Kuttanad, Alappuzha District is 65 km from the Main campus. It is home to the Cochin University College of Engineering, Kuttanad (CUCEK) and the Cochin University College of Computer Applications (CUCCA).

Faculties
CUSAT is structured into nine faculties:
 * Science
 * Technology
 * Engineering
 * Environmental Studies
 * Humanities
 * Law
 * Marine Sciences
 * Medical Sciences and Technology
 * Social Sciences

Department of Physics
The Department of Physics of the Cochin University of Science and Technology was founded as the Department of Physics of the Ernakulam Centre of the University of Kerala in 1963 by Prof. K. Venkateswarlu. It is now a centre of excellence, well known within India and abroad for its contributions to teaching and research in both experimental and theoretical physics. Areas of interest include nanoscience and technology, optoelectronic devices, quantum computing, semiconductor devices, solar cells, holographic materials, high density storage batteries, astrobiology and quantum optics. Research is sponsored by agencies including UGC, AICTE, IUCAA, DST, DRDO, CSIR, IUAC, DAE, and KSCSTE. The department has extensive instrumentation, which is made available to outside users at a nominal charge.

The department offers postgraduate programmes leading to the degrees of MSc (Physics), M.Phil. (Physics) and PhD.

The Department of Physics conducts a science awareness programme in physics and the National Space Olympiad   in association with the IUCAA Resource Centre, CUSAT and Edumithra Intellectual Services.

Department of Electronics
The Department of Electronics was established in 1975. Research areas include microwave electronics, microprocessors, underwater acoustics, ocean electronics, microwave propagation antennas, microwave image processing, pattern recognition, microprocessor applications in signal processing and display devices. Research is sponsored by external agencies including the DST, ISRO, AICTE, DOE, DRDO, MOD and the state government. The department has international collaborations with Delft University (Netherlands), PolarizOne Corporation (Malaysia), University of Kent (UK) and University of Surrey (UK).

The department offers postgraduate programmes leading to the degrees of MSc (Electronics) and MTech (Electronics) with specializations in Microwave & Radar Electronics and Digital Electronics, and PhD.

The department conducts two national symposia as biennial events: the National Symposium on Antennas & Propagation (APSYM), and the Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL).

Department of Instrumentation
The Department of Instrumentation was established in the year 1995 as an outgrowth of the University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC), which offers instrumentation services including design and fabrication, glass blowing, and carpentry to science and technology departments of the university and external organizations. As an academic department, it now has research programmes in the areas of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, sponsored by external funding agencies including DST, DAE, UGC, AICTE, KSCSTE and TWAS. It also offers consultancy for the design and fabrication of experimental systems for teaching, research, calibration and industrial applications. The department offers a four-year BTech (Bachelors) course in Instrumentation Technology, two-year MTech course in Instrumentation Technology and two-year MSc course in Instrumentation.

K N Madhusoodanan, professor of Department of Instrumentation was appointed vice-chancellor (VC) of CUSAT on 25 April 2019 by Governor P Sathasivam.

Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology
The Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology (P.S. & R.T.), established in 1971, is a pioneer in the areas of education and research in polymer science and engineering. Its BTech programme began in 1972, in collaboration with the Rubber Research Institute of India. It is funded by agencies including Nuffic (MHO, The Netherlands), Volkswagen Foundation (Germany), MHRD, AICTE, DRDO, DST, and UGC.

Department of Ship Technology
The Department of Ship Technology was founded in 1974 and is one of the pioneers in the field of Naval Architecture education in India. Its BTech programme in Naval Architecture and Ship Building began in 1975. The Naval Architecture programme is run in collaboration with the University of Rostock, Germany, and its graduates are in demand for positions in the shipbuilding industry, ship classification societies, R&D organisations, and the Indian Navy. The Ministry of Shipping (Government of India) approved the BTech course for the M.O.T. Certificate Examination, and the Indian Navy has recognised this department as a centre for the higher education of their officers.

The Society of Naval Architecture Students in the department publishes an annual Technical Magazine, SHIPSTECHNIC.

International School of Photonics
The International School of Photonics (ISP) was founded in 1995. Research activities include the design and fabrication of various laser systems and laser components, investigations of non-linear phenomena in different materials using photothermal, photoacoustic and related techniques, time- and space-resolved studies on laser-induced plasmas, design and characterization of fibre-optic sensors, fabrication and characterisation of polymer fibres, preparation and investigation of photonic materials and studies on photonics theory, sponsored by funding agencies including DST, AICTE and UGC. The University Grants Commission designated Cochin University of Science and Technology as a "University with Potential for Excellence in the Field of Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences" in March 2002, and provided a grant of Rs. 5 crore that was used to establish a Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences (CELOS). The Centre later merged with the International School of Photonics.

The department offers postgraduate programmes leading to the degrees of MTech (Opto Electronics and Laser Technology) and PhD.

Department of Computer Applications
The Department of Computer Applications (DCA) was established in 1994. It offers a Masters in Computer Applications programme with the financial support of UGC and the Department of Electronics, Government of India. Research areas include information security, simulation and modelling, cryptography and coding theory, language computing, algorithms, pattern recognition, Web mining, applications of graph theory, image processing, data mining, networking and software engineering. The department also provide MSc Computer Science with Specialization in soft Computing from 2016. The aim is to prepare the students with both theoretical and practical foundation in soft computing. The curriculum includes exposure to the current technologies like Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, AI, Big Data Analytics etc.

Department of Computer Science
The Department of Computer Science (DCS) focuses on academic programs in Information Systems, but also includes research on high-speed computing, human-computer interactions, information security, networked embedded systems, natural language processing, software engineering, and very-large-scale integration. It was instrumental in establishing the university computer centre and the CUSAT Intranet.

The department offers postgraduate programmes leading to the degrees of MTech (Computer & Information Science), MTech (Software Engineering) and MTech (Computer Science with Specialization in Data Science & Artificial Intelligence), MSc Computer Science ( Artificial Intelligence & Data Science) and PhD (Computer Science / Computer Engineering or Information Science).

Research laboratories include:

1. Artificial Intelligence & Computer Vision Laboratory (AICV)

2. Bioinformatics Laboratory (BI)

3. Cyber Physical Systems Laboratory (CPS)

4. Natural Language Processing Laboratory (NLP)

5. Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL)

School of Engineering, Thrikkakara
The School of Engineering was established in 1979 to offer part-time MTech programmes in the major disciplines of engineering (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering) for practising engineers in and around Cochin. In 1995 the School introduced BTech programmes in Civil engineering, Mechanical engineering, Electronics and Communication engineering, Computer Science & Engineering and Information technology. Safety and Fire Engineering was added in 1996 and Electrical & Electronics Engineering in 2003.

In 1981 the School added PhD programmes. , the School had produced 53 PhDs and over 250 candidates were registered as research students. External funding for research activities is provided by agencies including DST, the Central Water Commission, ISRO, AICTE, Coir Board, and the Kerala State Coir Corporation.

The BTech programmes offered by the school are accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) under the Tier-I system. The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is a permanent signatory to the Washington Accord that sets standards for engineering undergraduate degrees in a number of countries.

Undergraduate BTech courses (student intake in parentheses)

Postgraduate MTech courses
 * Civil engineering (90)
 * Software engineering block.jpg Computer Science and Engineering (90)
 * Electrical and Electronics Engineering (60)
 * Electronics and Communication engineering (90)
 * Information technology (90)
 * Mechanical engineering (90)
 * Safety and Fire Engineering (60)

Full Time Part Time
 * Information Technology (Software Systems) (18)
 * Computer Science and Engineering (Networking Systems) (18)
 * Civil Engineering (Geo-technical Engineering) (18)
 * Mechanical Engineering (Thermal Engineering) (18)
 * Electronics & Communications Engineering (Wireless Technology) (18)

PhD programmes are available in all areas mentioned above.
 * Civil Engineering (18)
 * Mechanical Engineering (18)
 * Chemical Engineering (18)
 * Electrical Engineering (18)

Kunjali Marakkar School of Marine Engineering
The Kunjali Marakkar School of Marine Engineering offers a BTech programme in Marine Engineering. This is a full-time compulsory residential programme. Students wear Merchant navy Cadets' Uniform for classes. Physical training is compulsory for the cadets.

The intake for BTech Marine Engineering is 80 per year. In 2014, a full-time two-year MTech programme in Marine Engineering (80 students) was added. The School also provides short term courses in an Engine Room Simulator for students preparing for competitive examinations conducted by the Directorate General of Shipping.

Cochin University College of Engineering, Kuttanad
The Cochin University College of Engineering, Kuttanad was established in 1999 and is owned by the Cochin University of Science and Technology. It is situated in a 42-acre campus in Pulincunnoo, Kuttanad, about 75 km away from the main campus at Thrikkakara. It is the only campus of CUSAT that is outside the Ernakulam District. BTech programmes are offered in:
 * Computer Science and Engineering
 * Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 * Electronics and Communication Engineering
 * Information Technology
 * Mechanical Engineering
 * Civil Engineering
 * Computer Applications

School of Environmental Studies
The School of Environmental Studies, a Centre for higher learning dedicated to environmental protection and sustainable development, was established in 1983. The School is funded by grants from the Department of Science and Technology and the University Grants Commission.

The National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health (NCAAH), attached to the School of Environmental Studies conducts a two-year MTech programme sponsored by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India under its network programme in human resource development in biotechnology.

The MSc in Environmental Technology is offered with specializations in two disciplines:

Stream I: Environmental engineering

Stream 2: Environmental biotechnology.

Doctoral programmes are offered in the areas of: environmental biology, environmental chemistry, environmental photocatalysis & sonophotocatalysis, environmental microbiology, Environmental Management, environmental toxicology, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering and remote sensing.

The School conducts UGC sponsored refresher Courses for university and college teachers, and offers consultancy services in climate resilience, environmental surveys, pollution monitoring, water quality management, water treatment, disease diagnosis and management of aquaculture systems, and environmental impact assessment. The School participated in the environmental impact assessment for the Metro Rail Project of Kochi city.

Department of Hindi
The Department of Hindi, established in 1963, is one of the oldest departments of the university. It was originally part of Kerala University but moved to the University of Cochin in 1971. It is the only department in South India with Department Research Support (DRS) and Department Special Assistance (DSA) programmes in Hindi supported by UGC.

The department's research includes areas such as ancient and modern poetry, fiction, drama and theatre studies, criticism, grammar, linguistics, comparative studies of languages and literature, folk literature, translation, and computer aided language teaching.

Programmes of study and research:

 * M.A. Hindi Language and Literature
 * M.Phil. P.G. Diploma in Translational and Functional Hindi
 * PhD
 * Short Term Course in Computer-based Training and Teaching in Hindi

Department of English and Foreign Languages
The Department of English and Foreign Languages was initially established as the Department of Foreign Languages in 1976. The department's main focus is the teaching of languages including English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Russian. In 2012 the department was named the Department of English and Foreign Languages, to signal the special importance of English language teaching.

School of Legal Studies
The School of Legal Studies was initially established as the Postgraduate Department of Law of Kerala University in 1962. The first Chair of the department was the late Dr. A.T. Markose, an internationally reputed jurist who was the founding Director of the Indian Law Institute and Deputy Judge at the International Administrative Tribunal.

The school maintains an Intellectual Property Rights repository consisting of rare books and journals, with help from the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a component agency of the United Nations, has donated its major publications to this repository. The MHRD has sanctioned a chair for Intellectual Property studies.

A Human Rights Chair in the name of late Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer has been established at the school to encourage interdisciplinary research into human rights.

The school offers a 3-year LL.B. programme, a 5-year B.B.A, LL.B. (Hons) programme, and a B.Com. LL.B (Hons.) programme.

Inter University Centre for Intellectual Property Rights Studies
The Centre for IPR Studies established in the School of Legal Studies of the Cochin University of Science & Technology in 2003 is converted into an Inter University Centre in 2009 to encourage multidisciplinary teaching and research in the area of intellectual property rights. This is an autonomous Centre at CUSAT established by the Government of Kerala envisaged to be a research hub and resource centre facilitating interaction between researchers from different universities in Kerala and outside. This is one of the Inter University Centers conceived and implemented by the Department of Education, Government of Kerala.

Centre for IPR Studies was originally established with Dr. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Dean, Faculty of Law as the Director and Dr. N.S. Gopalakrishnan as the Coordinator. The centre is also supported by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, which has already established a Chair on Intellectual Property Rights in CUSAT in 2003.

The centre is offering multi-disciplinary PhD Programme with scholarships in IPR related areas to encourage researchers from different disciplines like law, economics, political science, history, science and technology etc. to undertake policy research. There are several research scholars working in different areas. The availability of primary research materials in the depository makes it possible for the researchers to bring out mimeographs on vital topics in the area of Intellectual Property Rights. The centre, in association with the School of Legal Studies, also offers courses on Intellectual Property Rights for the LL.M programme of the School.

The IUCIPRS is administered by a Governing Council with the Hon’ble Minister for Education and Culture, Government of Kerala as chairman. There is an executive committee with the Vice-Chancellor of CUSAT as chairman and a Faculty Committee to manage the administrative and academic activities of the centre. Dr. M. Bhasi is the Director of the centre.

Courses Offered
1. LLM (IPR) PhD Integrated (5 Year)

2. LLM (IP) PhD Integrated (5 Year)

3. LLM (IPR, 1 Year)

4. BBA LLB (5 Year) 5. B.Com LLB (5 year)

DDU KAUSHAL Kendra
UGC has introduced DDU KAUSHAL KENDRAS (DDUKK) for promoting vocational education in continuation to its initiatives for introducing community colleges and B.Voc Programmes realizing the importance and the necessity for developing skills among students, and creating work ready manpower on large scale.

It is one of the pioneering institutions in vocational education in higher education sector in the country. DDUKK CUSAT aims at providing quality vocational education through DDUKK combining class room centered formal education and training with experience sharing of Industry practitioners and internships in business houses. The focus is towards integrated knowledge acquisition and upgrading human skill towards creating a new league of employable youth. Teaching and training methodology of courses offered under DDUKK are designed accordingly.

DDUKK was originally established with Dr. Zakkariaya K.A (Professor, School of Management Studies, CUSAT) as the founder director in the year 2015.

Courses offered: 1. M.Voc in Technology and Management Consultancy 2. M.Voc in Mobile Phone Application Development 3. B.Voc in Business Process and Data Analytics

School of Industrial Fisheries
The Department of Industrial Fisheries was established in 1976 and upgraded to a school in 1995 to recognize its academic and scientific achievements. It has five divisions:
 * Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries
 * Fishing Technology
 * Fish Processing Technology
 * Fisheries Economics
 * Fisheries Management.

Department of Atmospheric Sciences
The Department of Atmospheric Sciences is a centre of excellence in teaching and research in the field of Meteorology/Atmospheric Sciences. It is located in the Lakeside Campus of the Cochin University of Science and Technology.

The department was identified by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as one of the Centres of Excellence for the Government of India's New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) on mesoscale modelling for monsoon-related predictions, along with other premier centres such as the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi; the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune; the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai; C- MMACS, Bangalore and the National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore.

The department offers post-graduate coursework leading to the degrees of MSc (Meteorology) and MTech (Atmospheric Science).

Department of Chemical Oceanography
The Department of Chemical Oceanography focuses on teaching and research on the chemistry of aquatic systems. This is a core discipline for research across the various disciplines of marine sciences.

Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry
The Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry is one of the foremost academic centres in marine biology in the country. It was founded in 1938 and immediately established a research programme. Over 100 PhD students have graduated from the department.

The department offers post-graduate coursework leading to the degrees of MSc (Marine Biology) and M. Phil.(Life Sciences).

Researchers from the department named a new species after the university, Victoriopisa cusatensis .

Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics
The Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics was one of the first departments in the country to recognize the importance of geology and geophysics in environmental and developmental issues. The postgraduate programme in Marine Geology began in 1976.

The department offers post-graduate coursework leading to the degree of MSc (Marine Geophysics).

Department of Physical Oceanography
The Department of Physical Oceanography was an outgrowth of the Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography of the University of Kerala. A postgraduate programme in Oceanography began in 1965, which later moved to the Physical Oceanography and Meteorology Division (POMD) of University of Cochin. In 1996, the Department of Physical oceanography was founded.

The department offers post-graduate coursework leading to the degrees of MSc (Oceanography) and MTech (Ocean Technology).

Department of Biotechnology
The Department of Biotechnology, established in the year 1991, focuses on research in Microbiology, Virology, Microbial Ecology, Neurobiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering, Plant Biotechnology, Bio-electrochemical systems and Microbial Genetics.

The department offers post-graduate coursework leading to the degree of M.Sc. Microbiology (started in 2018), M.Sc. (Biotechnology), Integrated MSc in Biological Sciences (Started in 2021) and PhD in Biotechnology. Prof. (Dr.) Parvathi A. is currently serving as the Head of the Department.

Department of Applied Economics
The Department of Applied Economics focuses on the economics of technology, econometrics and operations research. The city of Kochi has an industrial belt and a coastal area that supports fishing. Industry and fishing have contributed considerably to environmental pollution in the area. Therefore, the department takes a particular interest in the technology problems of industry and the fisheries sector, and the economics of the environment.

The department offers postgraduate coursework leading to the degree of M.A. (Applied Economics) as well as M.Phil. and PhD programmes.

School of Management Studies
The School of Management Studies (SMS) is one of the oldest academic units of the university and was one of the first five management schools to be established in the country. It was founded in October 1964 as a part of Kerala University, under the leadership of Professor Emeritus M. V. Pylee and located in the premises of the Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd. It became part of the University of Cochin in 1971, which later became Cochin University of Science and Technology. The school pursues four areas of academic activity: teaching, training, research, and consultancy.

SMS offers postgraduate coursework leading to the following degrees: MBA, M.Phil. (Commerce) and PhD

Rankings
CUSAT was ranked in the 1201-1500 band by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2023 and in the 351-400 band in Asia,. The NIRF ranked it 37th among universities and 63rd overall in India in 2023

Centre for Science in Society
The Centre for Science in Society (C-SIS) was established in 1991 with partial financial assistance from Cochin Refineries Limited. The Centre aims to make science and technology more accessible to children. The government of Kerala has approved C-SIS as a training centre for high school science teachers under the "Sastraposini" Programme.

The Science and Technology Park of C-SIS includes a Space Pavilion donated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) that includes models of their space rockets and of the lunar probe Chandrayaan, and videos of rocket launches from Sriharikota. Students can see demonstrations of trajectory monitoring and error correction in the process of satellite launching. The park also includes an electronics exhibit from the U.S based (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 'E –Scientia'.

Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre
The Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC) is a joint venture of the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) and Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT). Its goals are to provide advanced instrument facilities for analysis testing, measurement, and calibration to users from industries, academic institutions, and R&D establishments; develop novel instruments in areas relevant to industries in the State; and offer training in the operation of these instruments for industry and academic institutions.

National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
The National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health (NCAAH) was formerly the Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management. It is situated in the Lakeside Campus of the university. The centre was established in 2000 to support aquatic farmers in protecting the health of growing stocks. It includes research laboratories in bacteriology, virology, animal tissue culture, immunology, genomics, proteomics, fermentation, and bioassays. The centre offers an MTech programme in Marine Biotechnology sponsored by the Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India.

Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy
The Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy (CSSEIP) was founded in 2009. It performs research into social exclusion, focusing on digital exclusion, housing and basic amenities exclusion, socio-cultural and structural determinants of exclusion, spatial exclusion, and demographic dimensions of exclusion.

Women's Studies Centre
The Women's Studies Centre (WSC) was started in 2010 with financial assistance from the University Grants Commission with a view to build up Women's capacity for empowerment. Since then the centre has been striving hard to achieve the goals. The centre has conducted numerous seminars and outreach programmes.

Inter University Centre for IPR Studies
Inter University Centre for IPR Studies (IUCIPRS) is an autonomous institution established by the Department of Higher Education of the Government of Kerala, within the Cochin University of Science and Technology. It was founded in 2003 to encourage multidisciplinary teaching and research in the area of intellectual property rights.

IUCIPRS's governing council consists of 12 members with the Minister for Education and Culture, Government of Kerala as chair and the Vice-Chancellor of CUSAT as vice-chair.

International Centre for Economic Policy and Analysis
The International Centre for Economic Policy and Analysis (ICEPA) emerged from international collaborations led by the Department of Applied Economics in the 1990s and 2000s. ICEPA was established in 2004 to focus on the analysis of economic issues and develop guidelines for policy decisions. The Centre collaborates with national and international NGO's as well as with industries and governments.

The centre has performed studies relating to the World Bank, the European Union, the Royal Netherlands Embassy, the Development Research Institute of The Netherlands, the Tilburg University, the Ministries of Agriculture and of Plantation (Government of India), and the Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation Ltd.

Tech Fest Incident in 2023
The CUSAT stampede was a fatal incident that occurred on November 25, 2023, at the CUSAT in Kochi, Kerala. Four students died and 64 others were injured when a crowd of people tried to enter an open-air auditorium where a concert by singer Nikhita Gandhi was about to begin, as part of the university’s annual tech festival ‘Dhishna’. The concert was organized in collaboration with Realme, a smartphone brand. The stampede was triggered by a sudden rain and a lack of proper crowd management, as only those with passes and ‘Dhishna’ T-shirts were allowed inside the auditorium, which had a single entrance/exit gate.

Notable alumni

 * Ameer Shahul, Author and environmentalist
 * Sunil Thomas, Honorable Judge, High court of Kerala
 * Mary Joseph, Honorable Judge, High court of Kerala
 * Tom Jose, Chief Secretary, Government of Kerala
 * Appu Krishnan, musician
 * Roshan Mathew, actor
 * B. Ravi Pillai, industrialist, business tycoon
 * Shanker Ramakrishnan, director
 * Roopesh, Maoist Leader
 * Sabu Thomas, Vice chancellor, MG University, Kottayam
 * Madhu Vasudevan, professor, lyricist
 * Binoy Viswam, Politician, ex-member of Parliament, Former Forest & Wildlife Minister.
 * Sebastian Paul, Politician


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Vernon Watkins

Vernon Phillips Watkins (27 June 1906 – 8 October 1967) was a Welsh poet and translator. He was a close friend of fellow poet Dylan Thomas, who described him as "the most profound and greatly accomplished Welshman writing poems in English".

Early life and studies
Vernon Watkins was born in Maesteg in Glamorgan, and brought up mainly in Swansea. His birth coincided with slight earth tremors; another baby born that night was christened John Earthquake Jones. His parents were William Watkins, a manager for Lloyds Bank in Wind Street, Swansea, and Sarah ("Sally"), daughter of James Phillips and Esther Thomas of Sarnau, Meidrim. James Phillips was a Congregationalist, reputed to know most of the Welsh Bible by heart. Sarah had a love of poetry and literature; her headmistress arranged for her to spend two years as a pupil-teacher in Germany. William Watkins and Sarah Phillips married in 1902, and had three children, Vernon, Marjorie, and Dorothy. The family lived at "Redclliffe", a large Victorian house about 4 mi from Swansea, at Caswell Bay.

Watkins read fluently by the age of four, and at five announced that he would be a poet, although he did not wish to be published until after his death. He wrote poetry and read widely from eight or nine years of age and was especially fond of the works of John Keats and Shelley. He received his later education at a preparatory school in Sussex, Repton School in Derbyshire, and Magdalene College, Cambridge.

In his early years at Repton, Watkins' quiet, gentle character provoked regular bullying from older boys, though in his last years he attained more popularity as he was able to show capacity in tennis and cricket. After he died, in 1968, the school wrote that he was "perhaps the best poet Repton has had".[7] His headmaster at Repton was Geoffrey Fisher, who became Archbishop of Canterbury. Despite his parents being Nonconformists, Watkins' school experiences influenced him to join the Church of England. He read modern languages at Cambridge, but left before completing his degree.

Dylan Thomas and the Swansea Group
He met Dylan Thomas, who was to be a close friend, in 1935 when Watkins had returned to a job in a bank in Swansea. About once a week Thomas would come to Watkins' parents' house, situated on the very top of the cliffs of the Gower peninsula. Watkins was the only person from whom Thomas took advice when writing poetry and he was invariably the first to read his finished work. They remained lifelong friends, despite Thomas's failure, in the capacity of best man, to turn up to the wedding of Vernon and Gwen in 1944. Watkins was godfather to Thomas's son Llewelyn, the others being Richard Hughes and Augustus John.

Thomas used to laugh affectionately at his friend's gossamer-like personality and extreme sensibility. A story is told that one evening in Chelsea, during the war time blackout, they were walking along and Vernon tripped over something and fell to the ground. Thomas looked with a torch to see what the offending object was and to his delight all that they could find was a small, black feather (FitzGibbon 1966).

With Thomas, Watkins was one of a group of Swansea artists known as the "Kardomah boys" (because they frequented the Kardomah Café in Castle Street). Others among this Swansea Group were the composer Daniel Jenkyn Jones, writer Charles Fisher and the artists Alfred Janes and Mervyn Levy.

Letters to Vernon Watkins by Dylan Thomas was published in 1957, four years after his death in New York. It proved to be the first in a number of books that linked Watkins and Thomas. The 1983 book Portrait of a Friend by Watkins' wife Gwen (née Davies) deals with the relationship between the two poets, and in 2013 Parthian Books published Vernon Watkins on Dylan Thomas and Other Poets & Poetry, a collection of previously-unpublished critical work with a foreword by Rowan Williams. Poems for Dylan, a collection of poems written by Watkins to Thomas, appeared from Gomer Press in 2003. It opens with the obituary Watkins wrote for his friend, which was originally published in The Times on 10 November 1953. Poems for Dylan also contains two poems ('At Cwmrhydyceirw Quarry' and 'Cwmrhydyceirw Elegaics') centred upon the quarry in Cwmrhydyceirw where, in August 1963, Watkins and the sculptor Ron Cour picked out the stone that would be inscribed with lines from 'Fern Hill' and placed in Cwmdonkin Park as a permanent memorial to Thomas. 'Cwmrhydyceirw Elegaics' had first seen publication in the January 1968 issue of Poetry magazine.

Bletchley Park and marriage
Watkins met Gwen, who came from Harborne, Birmingham, at Bletchley Park, where he worked during the Second World War as a cryptographer, and she, as a member of the WAAF. They were both engaged in breaking the Luftwaffe AuKa tactical codes in Block F (A). Gwen was at first billeted at Stony Stratford but later moved to RAF Church Green at Bletchley. They were both Flight Sergeants and were stationed at Bletchley from June 1942 until May 1945.

They were married at the church of St Bartholomew-the-Great, in London on 2 October 1944. The couple had five children. One of their grandchildren, Marley Watkins, is a professional footballer who has represented the Welsh national team.

Poetry
Watkins' ambitions were for his poetry; in critical terms they were not to be fulfilled. On the other hand, he became a major figure for the Anglo-Welsh poetry tradition, and his poems were included in major anthologies. During the war he was for a time associated with the New Apocalyptics group. With his first book Ballad of the Mari Llwyd (1941) accepted by Faber and Faber, he had a publisher with a policy of sticking by their authors. In his case this may be considered to have had an adverse long-term effect on his reputation, in that it is sometimes thought that he over-published. Of the book, the publisher said: "Mr Vernon Watkins is a Welsh poet whose work hitherto has appeared only in periodicals and in recent anthologies. The only influence apparent upon his poetry is one he has thoroughly assimilated - that of W. B. Yeats. Otherwise his style differs radically from that of any of his older contemporaries, except for a racial quality which gives it something in common with that of Dylan Thomas. Mr Watkins is undoubtedly a poet with an uncommon sense of rhythm as well as of imagery."

The British Library holds a manuscript draft of the poem with annotations by T. S. Eliot, showing Eliot at work as editor and board member at the publishing house Faber - his "day job" since 1925. The Library also holds the Watkins Papers which include autograph and typewritten poems chiefly from his seven published volumes, but also some unpublished poems. In 2016, another collection of Watkins's draft poems was acquired from the widow of Watkins.

Watkins wrote poetry for several hours every night and by way of contrast, Caitlin, Dylan Thomas's wife, could not recall her husband staying in even for one night during their whole married life. As well as Yeats Vernon was familiar with T. S. Eliot and Philip Larkin whose affectionate recollection of him can be found in his Required Writing: Miscellaneous Pieces 1955-1982 (2012). He was awarded a University of Wales honorary Doctorate of Literature in 1966 after retiring from his job at the bank. He was being considered for Poet Laureate at the time of his death.

A poem by Watkins from The Anglo-Welsh Review; the widow mentioned may be Caitlin Thomas.

Death and memorial

Watkins had developed a serious heart condition, which he made light of, insisting on playing his beloved tennis and squash with his usual vigour. He died on 8 October 1967, aged 61, playing tennis in Seattle, where he had gone to teach a course on modern poetry at the University of Washington. Philip Larkin wrote his obituary.

His body was returned to Britain, and was buried in Gower, at St Mary's Church, Pennard. A small granite memorial to him stands at Hunt's Bay, Gower, on which are inscribed two lines from his poem "Taliesin in Gower": "I have been taught the script of stones, and I know the tongue of the wave."

A portrait of Watkins by his friend Alfred Janes may be seen in the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea. A group portrait of the Kardomah Boys by Jeff Phillips was unveiled at Tapestri Arts Centre in Swansea in June 2011. Featured in the painting are Vernon Watkins, John Pritchard, Dylan Thomas, Daniel Jones and Alfred Janes. The picture is based on a BBC Radio Times front cover from October 1949.

In March 2012, Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, presented a portrait of Watkins in the BBC Radio 3 programme Swansea's Other Poet. Williams regards Watkins as "one of the 20th century's most brilliant and distinctive yet unjustly neglected voices".

In October 2014 Swansea Council unveiled a blue plaque for Watkins outside the building on the corner of St Helen's Road and Beach Street in the city, where he spent 38 years working for Lloyds Bank. On 3 November 2014 the "Poem of the Week" in The Guardian was Watkins' "Three Harps".

Most of Watkins's manuscripts are held by the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth.

Published works

 * The Ballad of the Mari Lwyd and other poems (1941, Faber & Faber)
 * The Lamp and the Veil (1945, Faber & Faber)
 * The Lady with the Unicorn (1948, Faber & Faber)
 * The Death Bell (1954, Faber & Faber)
 * The North Sea (1955, New Directions) - verse translation by Watkins from Heinrich Heine
 * Cypress and Acacia (1959, New Directions)
 * Affinities (1962, New Directions)
 * Fidelities (1968, Faber & Faber)
 * Uncollected Poems (1969, Enitharmon Press, limited edition)
 * Vernon Watkins Selected Verse Translations with an Essay on the Translation of Poetry (1977)
 * The Ballad of the Outer Dark and Other Poems (1979, Enitharmon Press)
 * The Breaking of the Wave (1979, Golgonooza Press)
 * The Collected Poems of Vernon Watkins (1986) - reprinted as paperback Golgonooza Press, 2000 and 2005 ISBN 0-903880-73-3
 * LMNTRE Poems by Vernon Watkins Illustrated by Alan Perry (1999, Ty Llen Publications) - chiefly poems for children
 * Taliesin and the Mockers by Vernon Watkins ... images by Glenys Cour (2004, Old Stile Press)
 * Vernon Watkins New Selected Poems Edited ... by Richard Ramsbotham (2006, Carcanet) ISBN 1-85754-847-7
 * Four Unpublished Poems by Vernon Watkins' in The Anglo-Welsh Review''; vol. 22 no. 50, pp 65–69.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Vernon Watkins


text:
Talk:Army Ranger Wing

Size
Anyone know the rough size (manpower) of this force? Rlquall 14:32, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Classified.

The government does not discuss that.

 * Understood. But lots of things that are classified that are still discussed.  The U.S. Government never discusses the size of the "black" budget of the CIA, but there are informed speculations about it, and manpower should be more easily accounted for, to a point, than dollars.  I wasn't expecting offical government figures, just a rough idea.  As small as the Irish military budget is, I can't believe that this group is more than a few hundred, tops, but would like to hear from someone more knowledgable than myself, which is one of the points of the whole Wikipedia project.

Rlquall 01:28, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

From what i recall it's about 100+ members not many but then again this is Ireland after all, given our history of underspending on defense forces and all it's no wonder. -Paul

Okay, but it is classified, and as such even discussion of it should not be on such an open forum. I would even argue for a severe edit of this article as the less said, the better.

 * Wikipedia is not censored SaintDaveUK (talk) 21:12, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

According to the Irish Defence Force's website "Information on the numerical strength of the unit [ARW] and the identity of its personnel is restricted". As far as I know the unit as 100+ members, but an army friend of mines says it could be many times that number. The total force of th army is 8500. Afn

The total force is 8500, and the Fianoglach is an elite force. Not many people are able to complete the course. I've heard one in twenty army personnel who apply manage to complete it. If we take an optimistic estimate of half of the army applying then that leaves us with about 200 members. I would very much doubt that the figure is even as high as that. Diom1982 15:20, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Between 150 and 200 full-time active members according to recent 2014 estimates by reliable published news outlets, newspapers and authors. IrishSpook (talk) 04:18, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Between 150 and 200 full-time active members according to recent 2014 estimates by reliable published news outlets, newspapers and authors. IrishSpook (talk) 04:18, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Female Irish Army Rangers?
I heard the Irish Army Rangers recruits women as operators? Can anyone clarify this information? Eikichi 00 11:26, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

yes they do, but so far no women has made it through selection, although some have tried, it's not made any easier for women, and since the failure rate for males is in the 75-95% range, you can see the problems a women would have. mough

 * Still no female ARW operatives, although they are recruited on a specific support basis (ie. intelligence gathering/espionage, close protection) where women are required. Woman do work in far larger numbers for the G2 Directorate. IrishSpook (talk) 04:17, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Still no female ARW operatives, although they are recruited on a specific support basis (ie. intelligence gathering/espionage, close protection) where women are required. Woman do work in far larger numbers for the G2 Directorate. IrishSpook (talk) 04:17, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Training with the SSG
I'd like to see the source of that claim. 194.23.201.97 13:21, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * was the reference, SSG is now the Särskilda operationsgruppen or "Special Operations Task Group"/"SOG" following a merger.
 * was the reference, SSG is now the Särskilda operationsgruppen or "Special Operations Task Group"/"SOG" following a merger.

Copyright Violation?
Is the content on the main page pretty much a copy of the content on the Defence Forces website? (which content is copyright) It looks terribly like it. Hughsheehy 18:58, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I think they were both largely written by the same person. So, any overlap may be a bit "chicken and egg". Guliolopez 00:36, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Sorry about my 2 edit's, but I know who made the changes that I edited out, it's guy who goes by a few names on forums who seems to have made it a life goal to show the ARW is not anway similar, and is infact completly inferior to his beloved SAS....he is both factually and generally wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mough1 (talk • contribs) 17:43, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * We've moved past the official Defence Force website in terms of content from other sources at this stage... IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * We've moved past the official Defence Force website in terms of content from other sources at this stage... IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Irish is wrong
Your Irish is wrong. It is grammatically deeply incorrect. The official version is Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm. "Na hAirm" could never be right, except as a plural form: "the armies" or "the weapons". See here: http://focal.ie/Search.aspx?term=ranger  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.100.66.100 (talk) 15:03, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * See below for Irish spelling, straight from the Defence Forces website as Gaeilge. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * See below for Irish spelling, straight from the Defence Forces website as Gaeilge. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

The rangers role in modern Ireland
I have amended the section that states the ARW are Irelands primary hostage rescue team. There may have been a time when they handled hostage scenarios but since the creation of the ERU this is not the case. Im not getting into a "who is better" debate but the simple reality is the Army cannot operate solo nor can they lead any operation within the state concerning criminal activity. The ERU have handled all the hostage / barricade situations over the past 20 years and recently hosted an eu wide conference on the issue.

A small issue but Im tired of reading this incorrect statement on various websites who then quote Wiki as the source. (KC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.255.211.92 (talk) 05:13, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Cant say I agree with this change, you seem to jumping over the word 'major'. A major incident would be terrorists seizing control of a plane, bus, offshore platform etc here the ARW would be the men for the job, in the case of post office robbery or someone holed up in their house with hostages the ERU would be used. This is not a Gardai-Defence Forces thing, the same is true in most countries, It's all degrees of severity and in a MAJOR incident the ARW would most certainly be used —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.71.62.131 (talk) 14:59, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

 * This summation has been removed from the lead paragraphs, as it is contentious and not 100% true. The Irish ARW (military special forces) are Ireland's highest tier hostage rescue team, but not their primary. Primary meaning first, the Garda Emergency Response Unit (ERU) - a civilian police SWAT team - would almost always be the first to respond to hostage takings, be it criminal or terrorist. The Irish ARW could then be called out if it was deemed necessary and fitted the ATCP agreements.  IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * This summation has been removed from the lead paragraphs, as it is contentious and not 100% true. The Irish ARW (military special forces) are Ireland's highest tier hostage rescue team, but not their primary. Primary meaning first, the Garda Emergency Response Unit (ERU) - a civilian police SWAT team - would almost always be the first to respond to hostage takings, be it criminal or terrorist. The Irish ARW could then be called out if it was deemed necessary and fitted the ATCP agreements.  IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Citation Needed
Some of the info in the article has no references and seem unreliable. Should they be removed?MFIreland (talk) 20:57, 25 June 2010 (UTC)
 * There are now more than 50 references. Those added further to the previous existing references are from reliable sources. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * There are now more than 50 references. Those added further to the previous existing references are from reliable sources. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

V.I.P
In the artical it says the Rangers protect VIPs. What VIPs do they protect i know the SAS protect Government minister. is this the same in Ireland —Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.134.232.155 (talk) 19:54, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The Irish ARW do not regularly protect Government ministers (and neither do the SAS as you've claimed, at least not regularly, it's a job for the London Metropolitan Police Service's Protection Command, incl. the Specialist Protection branch (SO1) and Diplomatic Protection Group (SO6)). They do, however, provide certain V.I.P. close security for certain international visitors, such as heads of state, etc. alongside the Garda Special Detective Unit (SDU) and Emergency Response Unit (ERU). The Irish ARW's other V.I.P. security role revolves around protecting the highest senior ranking military leaders in the Irish Defence Forces (Army, Naval Service and Air Corps) in Ireland, and more importantly abroad. They also serve under the EU, UN and NATO PfP on protection missions abroad, and may - at times of unrest, civil war, high terrorism threats - protect Irish embassies and diplomatic property overseas, incl. ambassadors and/or high-raking Irish diplomatic staff (although, unlike the US and UK, Ireland generally evacuates its diplomatic staff rather than protects them). The ARW may accompany the President of Ireland and Taoiseach in hostile environments abroad. IrishSpook (talk) 04:04, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * The Irish ARW do not regularly protect Government ministers (and neither do the SAS as you've claimed, at least not regularly, it's a job for the London Metropolitan Police Service's Protection Command, incl. the Specialist Protection branch (SO1) and Diplomatic Protection Group (SO6)). They do, however, provide certain V.I.P. close security for certain international visitors, such as heads of state, etc. alongside the Garda Special Detective Unit (SDU) and Emergency Response Unit (ERU). The Irish ARW's other V.I.P. security role revolves around protecting the highest senior ranking military leaders in the Irish Defence Forces (Army, Naval Service and Air Corps) in Ireland, and more importantly abroad. They also serve under the EU, UN and NATO PfP on protection missions abroad, and may - at times of unrest, civil war, high terrorism threats - protect Irish embassies and diplomatic property overseas, incl. ambassadors and/or high-raking Irish diplomatic staff (although, unlike the US and UK, Ireland generally evacuates its diplomatic staff rather than protects them). The ARW may accompany the President of Ireland and Taoiseach in hostile environments abroad. IrishSpook (talk) 04:04, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Link
Source/citation five is broken( 5.^ a b c d "Irish Paratroopers". http://members.tripod.com/~audgen/irishpara/irishwing.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-13.) Is there a copy or has the site moved? --Yerkschmerk (talk) 21:23, 8 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Have linked to an archived mirror/copy of that page instead. This is only a temporary measure however, as - preferably - we shouldn't have a cite referring to some random Tripod page. It's not up to scratch in reliable source terms. Guliolopez (talk) 21:52, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved per discussion below. - GTBacchus(talk) 21:06, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Irish Army Rangers → Army Ranger Wing — Its the offical name  MFIreland  • Talk  15:23, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Leaving out the word "Irish" may be the rule in Ireland, but elswehere people would want to know which nation's army they are in. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 21:37, 22 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Could also move to "Irish Army Ranger Wing" or "Army Ranger Wing (Ireland)". There is no other military unit with the same name and the opening line in the article says its a unit of the Irish Defence Force. I dont think "Irish" or "Ireland" is needed in the name of this article.-- MFIreland  • Talk  23:11, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Prefer Irish Army Ranger Wing if moved. A wing is a generic formation (ie. left wing, right wing) "army rangers" can form the wing of a larger formation. 65.95.13.158 (talk) 04:52, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Army rangers makes it sound like the article is about "rangers" as in persons rather than a unit. I prefer the offical name Army Ranger Wing.-- MFIreland  • Talk  16:38, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Support as the name used by the Irish Army. Few military units include their nation's name in their title; we handle clashes with parenthetical disambiguation, but it's not needed here. Kanguole 12:07, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with Kanguole, the nation's name in their title is not needed and we should use the offical name Army Ranger Wing.-- MFIreland  • Talk  16:44, 29 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Footnotes on Talk page
I noticed below, the footnotes link to British Military TALK pages , could someone remove them as this is an Irish article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.77.125.63 (talk) 10:36, 3 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Y Done Guliolopez (talk) 11:21, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.77.125.63 (talk) 13:47, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Another title suggestion
We could call the article "Sciathán Fiannóglach an Airm", because that's what they call themselves? DS (talk) 22:02, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Personally I don't think that's a great idea. The WP:NAMINGCRITERIA convention expects that we use the most common English language name for a subject. The "Army Ranger Wing" is the most common (and official) name of the unit in English. (In Irish it may be something else, but this isn't the Irish Wikipedia project - it's the English one). Note that, even if the guidelines didn't already point to the English language name as the preferred one, I still wouldn't recommend the Irish one. Because there's apparent confusion about the correct spelling in Irish. (Some sources spell Fiannóglach with two "n"s. Others - including on unit shoulder flashes and DOD website - use one "n"). Guliolopez (talk) 15:56, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Irish spelling (Ns)
Just picking up on this again (and given this edit). While some sources (the unit website and shoulder flash included) spell the unit's Irish name with one "N", the original derivation (as in Fiann, Fianna, Amhrán na bhFiann) would suggest that this isn't strictly correct. Even the official Irish version of the Defence Forces website uses two "N"s. Perhaps the article should acknowledge this? And assert the (possible) alternate spellings? Guliolopez (talk) 22:26, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I went to a Gaelscoil, and I think I know what's going on here; "Sciathán Fianóglach an Airm" (http://www.military.ie/army/organisation/arw/) is singular (Fian and Óglach), while "Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm" (http://www.military.ie/ie/an-tarm/eagruchan/sciathan-fiannoglaigh-an-airm/) is plural (Fiann rather than Fian and Óglaigh rather than Óglach). So Sciathán Fianóglach an Airm (one "N" with Óglach) is actually correct, and "Sciathán Fiannóglach an Airm" (two "N"s with Óglach) would in fact be incorrect, unless used with Óglaigh: "Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm". Since the unit includes more than one person, surely the plural name (and official Irish name according to Defence Forces as Gaeilge) would be better suited. I will change it to "Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm" for now... I'd imagine whoever wrote the Gaeilge version of the ARW page has a better handle on Irish than whoever wrote the English version. IrishSpook (talk) 22:57, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

 * You might be right there. As you note, I'd be inclined to trust the writer/translator of the GA version of the official page, and (in this article) where referring to the plural (and unit name) use "Sciathán Fiannóglaigh an Airm". But, where referring to the singular (individual rangers - and the shoulder flash of individual rangers), use "Fianóglach". That might address the apparent issue/conflict. In relation to the (unrelated) comment about tone, I'd suggest maybe having a look at the WP:TONE guideline. As it happens, while articles don't have to be read like their written "by robots", the guideline expects that they are businesslike in tone. So, editorial flourishes should actually really be avoided. (Especially ones that would possibly need to be backed-up or supplemented to explain whose POV is being expressed. As per the WP:POV guidelines, if you say something is "coveted", strictly speaking you need to explain who is doing the coveting...) Guliolopez (talk) 23:09, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I explained the difference between "Fiannóglaigh" and "Fianóglach" on the Name/Motto section. As per the "coveted" thing, if it does defy Wikipedia policy/guidelines, you can remove it again and I'll leave it at that. I will look for a reference to back the fact up, but I don't know if I will find one verbatim. It is very coveted by those who join the ARW 4-week selection course, only 15% of them actually achieve the "Fianóglach" shoulder flash, and many of those then cannot even wear it if they fail to complete successfully the 24 week basic "Ranger training" course. Anyway, thanks for your contributions. IrishSpook (talk) 23:18, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

Questionable Sources
In the introduction of the article, several units are listed which are claimed to train with and operate alongside the IRW regularly, however, the sources are either dead links or opinion pieces that are not backed up by significant evidence. Suggest removing them or finding reliable sources. ForwardObserver85 (talk) 02:03, 23 March 2014 (UTC)
 * There are now more than 50 references, and most of all of the international units have been checked against reliable sources, some removed and some more added. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
 * There are now more than 50 references, and most of all of the international units have been checked against reliable sources, some removed and some more added. IrishSpook (talk) 03:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Synthesis in article
Taking one reference that states "Information on the numerical strength of the Army Ranger Wing and the identity of its personnel is restricted but it's known the unit has a fluctuating strength of about 150.", and another source that says "the Army Ranger Wing, has increased in strength by almost one-third ... The 30pc increase in numbers pushes the overall strength of the Wing to well over a hundred" and putting the two together to arrive at a figure of 200 is classic wp:synthesis. It's made even more dubious buy the fact that the source on the 30% increase would say that it brings unit strength to "well over 100" rather than "close to 200" if the information they were working with was the same as that the other source was working with. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 18:11, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The strength of the unit is classified (clearly referenced, and something you took issue with earlier). The strength of the unit is estimated/believed/understood/reported to be between 150 and 200 fulltime operational members, and possibly now more than 200 members. It's strength is not 100 or 150, this is a referenced fact and something I know personally. The strength of the unit in 2013 was over 150 members, in January 2014 the manpower of the Army Ranger Wing saw an increase of one-third (1/3) or 33.3%. This gives the unit a strength of up to 200 personnel. This is referenced, and as such reads "between 150 and 200" as refs. state both. If you want to argue synthesis, whatever. You can either have three references which come to this fact, or have none at all. The fact is that the manpower of the ARW as of early 2015 is beyond 200. You've ignored warnings, blanked warnings on your talkpage, engaged in personal attacks, overstepped the 3 revert rule and removed content and references that were clearly sourced. IrishSpook (talk) 18:40, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Synthesis is WP:Original research. "something I know personally" is also original research. "You can either have three references which come to this fact, or have none at all": There are not three references that give a unit strength of 200. There are zero references that give a unit strength of 200. "You've ignored warnings": Your spurious warnings. "blanked warnings on your talkpage": Your spurious warnings, which I'm entirely entitled to remove from my page. "engaged in personal attacks": No, I have not. "overstepped the 3 revert rule": As have you. "removed content and references that were clearly sourced.": No, I have not. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 18:53, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * 150 + 33.3% = 199.95. Do the math. Either leave the references which come to this fact, or if your not happy with them go find your own instead of removing sourced content. IrishSpook (talk) 18:57, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Please take two minutes to read wp:synthesis. Taking information from multiple sources and mashing it together to arrive at a conclusion independently is called synthesis. Synthesis is a form of WP:Original research. Original research is not allowed. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 19:03, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I've read it, if all the references are removed it's no longer synthesis then is it. The fact is the unit's strength is between 150 and 200, and that's the end of it. You're not changing the article to reflect inaccuracies, and you're making this up as you go along. IrishSpook (talk) 19:06, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * If you're going to remove references for the sake of spite, I'm not going to try to engage with you any more. Please let me know if you change your mind. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 19:08, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Not every single sentence on Wikipedia articles are all referenced, and yet they are not removed. You are removing a fact which has 3 references to back it up. Either accept it as it is, removed the references and then it's no longer synthesis or go find your own references which state up to 200 members if you are so concerned. IrishSpook (talk) 19:11, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Well have either of you two heard of the 3RR? Both of you are well beyond it. Murry1975 (talk) 20:21, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

RfC: Should the article include synthesis?
Should the article include synthesis? 79.97.226.247 (talk) 22:55, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Unit size RFC
Should the unit size be listed as "Classified estimates vary: ~ 150 operators[2] "well over a hundred"[3]" or "Classified[2][3] (estimated ~ 150–200 operators)"? 79.97.226.247 (talk) 18:18, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

Classified (estimated ~150) [2][3]. Clearly 150 * 1.3 (an increase of 30%) is approximately 200, yet the third source did not say 'almost 200'. It used the much less impressive figure of 'over a hundred'. We can therefore be quite confident that 200 is not an accurate number. Besides, source #3 did not refer to source #2, and applying a 30% increase (from source #3) on source #2's value is not warranted.

On another note, why is it 'operators' instead of 'men'? I've certainly heard of expressions such a 'an army of 5000 men', but not 'an army of 5000 operators'. Banedon (talk) 01:39, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I presume that "operators" is used as a branch-neutral term in place of soldier/ sailor/ airman, as the ARW draws from the Army, Navy, and Air Corps. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 19:27, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

 * "Classified (estimated ~ 150–200 operators)" or "Classified (estimated ~ 100–200 operators)" - I'd just pick the widest range on which the gross majority of sources agree and use that. NickCT (talk) 18:10, 10 March 2015 (UTC)

 * If it is known to be the case by editors that the strength of this unit is currently 200 or above, and this can be supported by a reference which considered 'synthesis' (which cannot be included), would it not be better to omit the references and simply state the real value of the unit's strength and allow editors who have a problem with this to refer to the talk page to back this up (http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/frontline-forces-elite-ranger-wing-grows-in-size-by-onethird-29881983.html), this avoids both synthesis and 'original research'? We want the article to reflect what is actually the case, known to be the case, and cited to be the case (although strenuously), rather than outdated references to journalists' estimations? 213.233.132.128 (talk) 18:32, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * re "If it is known to be the case by editors" - This comment suggests you might not be familiar with some policies on Wikipedia. It doesn't matter what you know to be true. All that matters is what's verifiable. See Verifiability, not truth. NickCT (talk) 18:36, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * P.S. You may want to create an account. We can see your IP address. ;-) NickCT (talk) 18:37, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * We currently have only two sources, one says ~150, the other says "well over a hundred," none mentions a figure of 200. 100-200 feels like a bit of a stretch to me, as I presume that the source would have said something along the lines of "almost 200", if the figure was approaching that. "Well over a hundred" suggests (to me) a figure in the 120-150 range (I'm not saying that the unit strength is 120, just that the phrasing used suggests something south of 150; anything north of 150 and I would expect "over 150" or "almost 200.") 79.97.226.247 (talk) 23:51, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Ever consider just saying Classified (approximately 150). That seems like it would be in-line with both your sources. NickCT (talk) 16:35, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * It read at one stage Classified (Though estimated to be over 100 operatorsy). Murry1975 (talk) 16:52, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Well I guess "over 2 operators" would technically be right, but I think "approximately 150" is more in-line with the sources. NickCT (talk) 17:52, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Given that there's no way of accessing an official source for the unit size, I think that simply quoting from both references is best for the moment. If we had say three or four references all saying ~150 I'd feel differently, but as we have only two references, one saying ~150 and one saying "well over a hundred," listing both seems most appropriate as things stand. 79.97.226.247 (talk) 20:06, 15 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:52, 7 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Irish Army Ranger Wing green beret.png

Recent removals
An IP editor has twice now removed a substantial amount of content, with edit summaries that indicate they have done this 'for protection and information security' reasons. I don't understand what those reasons might be, but the content appears to be appropriately sourced and so I and have reinstated it. I invite the IP editor to explain their reasoning, including declaring any connection to the subject of the article as required by WP:PAID and WP:COI, rather than furthering an edit war. Thank you. Girth Summit  (blether) 12:46, 19 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The anon user might also want to read WP:REDACTION. In particular the bit down the end. In short, just because an organisation (or someone purporting to represent an organisation) considers that information on the number of operators (or names of deceased operators) should be "protected", that doesn't mean that information can be redacted/censored from Wikipedia. The same information is available in the public domain. Including in multiple public news sources. The same sources used as references here. Which, I note, includes the Defence Forces own published/public magazine. The suggestion that the Defence Forces magazine (or The Irish Independent or Defence Forces public website or O'Brien's book or whatever) has somehow exposed sensitive or secret information is silly. And then some. And, even if those public sources did include such information, redacting that information from Wikipedia would not address the core issue. And, even if it did, wouldn't fall within project guidelines. Guliolopez (talk) 14:37, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Army Ranger Wing


text:
Alissos

Alissos (Αλισσός) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Dymi, Achaea, Greece. It is located near the Gulf of Patras, 3 km east of Kato Achaia, 3 km southwest of Kaminia and 17 km southwest of Patras. The community consists of the villages Alissos, Kamenitsa, Paralia Alissou and Profitis Elissaios. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos) and the railway from Patras to Pyrgos run between Alissos and Paralia Alissou.

History
Alissos was known as Lisarea or Lysaria (Λισσαρέα or Λησαρέα; la Lisarée) during the period of Frankish rule in the late Middle Ages. According to the Chronicle of the Morea, it was a fief of the Barony of Akova, held in the late 1270s by Margaret of Lisarea (or Jeanne), a cousin of Walter of Rosières, baron of Akova. She married Geoffrey II of Briel. The fief was then inherited by their daughter, Helen, and her husband, Vilain II of Aulnay, Baron of Arcadia. Lisarea disappears thereafter, until ca. 1377, when it was held by Centurione I Zaccaria.

title: Alissos


text:
Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Al Badawi

Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Ali Al Badawi aka Jamal Abu Abed Al Rahman Al Badawi (جمال أحمد محمد علي البدوي) (1960 or 1963 – 1 January 2019) was a Yemeni who was indicted as an accomplice for his role in the 2000 USS Cole bombing off the coast of Aden, Yemen, which killed 17 American sailors on 12 October 2000. He was captured in Yemen and sentenced to death on 29 September 2004. Al-Badawi was also indicted on 15 May 2003, by the United States for the USS Cole bombing and the attempted attack on USS The Sullivans (DDG-68). He is thought to have travelled to Saudi Arabia and purchased a small boat and then a truck and trailer to transport it. This boat sank from the weight of the explosives while preparing the USS The Sullivans plot. Al-Badawi is also thought to have leased the safehouses used in these endeavors. Fox News called Al-Badawi a "mastermind" of the Cole bombing.

Only two of the six charged by Yemen in the attack were sentenced to death; the other four were sentenced to 5–10 years imprisonment. After hearing his sentence, Al-Badawi declared "This is an unjust verdict, this is an American verdict. There are no human rights in the world, except for the Americans. All the Muslims in the world are being used to serve American interests." His family announced they would appeal. Because he was being held by U.S. forces, the other defendant sentenced to death, Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, was tried and sentenced in absentia.

Al-Badawi twice escaped from Yemeni prison, once after his death sentence was issued, and was being sought as an FBI Most Wanted Terrorist fugitive. He was killed by an American drone strike by a kinetic Hellfire variant with pop-up blades on 1 January 2019, that was conducted in Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen.

Escape from Yemeni prison
Al-Badawi was one of the Cole defendants who had previously escaped from Yemeni custody during a prisoner transfer in April 2003, but he was later recaptured in March 2004.

By June 2003, al-Badawi had been added to the FBI Seeking Information - War on Terrorism list.

Once again in custody, al-Badawi was removed from FBI Seeking Information wanted list on 10 October 2004.

According to a BBC report, al-Badawi was one of 23 people who escaped from a Yemeni jail on 3 February 2006, 12 of them Al-Qaeda members.

On 23 February 2006, the U.S. FBI confirmed the latest escape, as they issued a national Press Release naming al-Badawi as one of the first new additions, since inception in 2001, to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list. He appeared on the FBI list with three new photos, including an enhanced black and white of the original grainy color photo. He was listed by the FBI on his new wanted poster under the name Jamel Ahmed Mohammed Ali Al-Badawi.

On 17 October 2007, al-Badawi surrendered to Yemeni authorities as part of an agreement with al-Qaeda militants. Following his surrender, Yemeni authorities released him in return for a pledge not to engage in any violent or al-Qaeda-related activity, despite a $5 million reward for his capture.

Al-Badawi was mentioned frequently during Guantanamo captive Abd Al Rahim Hussein Mohammed Al Nashiri's Combatant Status Review Tribunal.

title: Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Al Badawi