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Typhoon Tip

Typhoon Tip, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Warling, was the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded. The forty-third tropical depression, nineteenth tropical storm, twelfth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 1979 Pacific typhoon season, Tip developed out of a disturbance within the monsoon trough on October 4 near Pohnpei in Micronesia. Initially, Tropical Storm Roger to the northwest hindered the development and motion of Tip, though after the storm tracked farther north, Tip was able to intensify. After passing Guam, Tip rapidly intensified and reached peak sustained winds of 305 km/h and a worldwide record-low sea-level pressure of 870 hPa on October 12. At its peak intensity, Tip was the largest tropical cyclone on record, with a wind diameter of 2,220 km. Tip slowly weakened as it continued west-northwestward and later turned to the northeast, in response to an approaching trough. The typhoon made landfall in southern Japan on October 19, and became an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter. Tip's extratropical remnants continued moving east-northeastward, until they dissipated near the Aleutian Islands on October 24. U.S. Air Force aircraft flew 60 weather reconnaissance missions into the typhoon, making Tip one of the most closely observed tropical cyclones. Rainfall from Tip indirectly led to a fire that killed 13 United States Marines and injured 68 at Combined Arms Training Center, Camp Fuji in the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan. Elsewhere in the country, the typhoon caused widespread flooding and 42 deaths; offshore shipwrecks left 44 people killed or missing.

Meteorological history
At the end of September 1979, three circulations developed within the monsoon trough that extended from the Philippines to the Marshall Islands. The westernmost disturbance developed into a tropical depression on October 1, to the west of Luzon, which would later become Typhoon Sarah on October 7. On October 3, the disturbance southwest of Guam developed into Tropical Storm Roger, and later on the same day, a third tropical disturbance that would later become Typhoon Tip formed south of Pohnpei. Strong flow from across the equator was drawn into Roger's wind circulation, initially preventing significant development of the precursor disturbance to Tip. Despite the unfavorable air pattern, the tropical disturbance gradually organized as it moved westward. Due to the large-scale circulation pattern of Tropical Storm Roger, Tip's precursor moved erratically and slowly executed a cyclonic loop to the southeast of Chuuk. A reconnaissance aircraft flight into the system late on October 4 confirmed the existence of a closed low-level circulation, and early on October 5, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued its first warning on Tropical Depression Twenty-Three-W.

While executing another loop near Chuuk, the tropical depression intensified into Tropical Storm Tip, though the storm failed to organize significantly due to the influence of Tropical Storm Roger. Reconnaissance aircraft provided the track of the surface circulation, since satellite imagery estimated the center was about 60 km from its true position. After drifting erratically for several days, Tip began a steady northwest motion on October 8. By that time, Tropical Storm Roger had become an extratropical cyclone, resulting in the southerly flow to be entrained into Tip. An area of a tropical upper tropospheric trough moved north of Guam at the time, providing an excellent outflow channel north of Tip. Initially, Tip was predicted to continue northwestward and make landfall on Guam, though instead, it turned to the west early on October 9, passing about 45 km south of Guam. Later that day, Tip intensified to attain typhoon status.

Owing to very favorable conditions for development, Typhoon Tip rapidly intensified over the open waters of the western Pacific Ocean. Late on October 10, Tip attained wind speeds equal to Category 4 strength on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS), and it became a super typhoon on the next day. The central pressure dropped by 92 hPa from October 9 to 11, during which the circulation pattern of Typhoon Tip expanded to a record diameter of 2,220 km. Tip continued to intensify further, becoming a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, and early on October 12, reconnaissance aircraft recorded a worldwide record-low pressure of 870 mbar with 1-minute sustained winds of 305 km/h, when Tip was located about 840 km west-northwest of Guam. In its best track, the Japan Meteorological Agency listed Tip as peaking with 10-minute sustained winds of 160 mph. At the time of its peak strength, its eye was 15 km wide. Tip crossed the 135th meridian east on the afternoon of October 13, prompting the PAGASA to issue warnings on Typhoon Tip, assigning it the local name Warling.

After peaking in intensity, Tip weakened to 230 km/h and remained at that intensity for several days, as it continued west-northwestward. For five days after its peak strength, the average radius of winds stronger than 55 km/h extended over 1100 km. On October 17, Tip began to weaken steadily and decrease in size, recurving northeastward under the influence of a mid-level trough the next day. After passing about 65 km east of Okinawa, the typhoon accelerated to 75 km/h. Tip made landfall on the Japanese island of Honshū with winds of about 130 km/h on October 19. It continued rapidly northeastward through the country and became an extratropical cyclone over northern Honshū a few hours after moving ashore. The extratropical remnant of Tip proceeded east-northeastward and gradually weakened, crossing the International Date Line on October 22. The storm was last observed near the Aleutian Islands of Alaska on October 24.

Impact
The typhoon produced heavy rainfall early in its lifetime while passing near Guam, including a total of 23.1 cm at Andersen Air Force Base. Gusts of 125 km/h were measured during October 9 at the Naval Base Guam, as the center of the storm was positioned 70 km south of Agana. Tip caused a total loss of nearly US$1.6 million across Guam. The outer rainbands of the large circulation of Tip produced moderate rainfall in the mountainous regions of the Philippine islands of Luzon and Visayas.

Heavy rainfall from the typhoon breached a flood-retaining wall at Camp Fuji, a training facility for the United States Marine Corps near Yokosuka. Marines inside the camp weathered the storm inside huts situated at the base of a hill which housed a fuel farm. The breach led to hoses being dislodged from two rubber storage bladders, releasing large quantities of fuel. The fuel flowed down the hill and was ignited by a heater used to warm one of the huts. The resultant fire killed 13 Marines, injured 68, and caused moderate damage to the facility. The facility's barracks were destroyed, along with fifteen huts and several other structures. The barracks were rebuilt, and a memorial was established for those who lost their lives in the fire.

During recurvature, Typhoon Tip passed about 65 km east of Okinawa. Sustained winds reached 72 km/h, with gusts to 112 km/h. Sustained wind velocities in Japan are not known, though they were estimated at minimal typhoon strength. The passage of the typhoon through the region resulted in millions of dollars in damage to the agricultural and fishing industries of the country. Eight ships were grounded or sunk by Tip, leaving 44 fishermen dead or unaccounted for. A Chinese freighter broke in half as a result of the typhoon, though its crew of 46 were rescued. The rainfall led to over 600 mudslides throughout the mountainous regions of Japan and flooded more than 22,000 homes; 42 people died throughout the country, with another 71 missing and 283 injured. River embankments broke in 70 places, destroying 27 bridges, while about 105 dikes were destroyed. Following the storm, at least 11,000 people were left homeless. Tip destroyed apple, rice, peach and other crops. Five ships sank in heavy seas off the coast and 50-story buildings swayed in the capital, Tokyo. Transportation in the country was disrupted; 200 trains and 160 domestic flights were canceled. In total, damages associated with Tip in Japan were estimated as ¥105.7 billion (US$482.34 million). Tip was described as the most severe storm to strike Japan in 13 years.

Records and meteorological statistics
Typhoon Tip was the largest tropical cyclone on record, with a diameter of 1,380 mi—almost double the previous record of 700 mi in diameter set by Typhoon Marge in August 1951. At its largest, Tip was nearly half the size of the contiguous United States. The temperature inside the eye of Typhoon Tip at peak intensity was 30 °C and described as exceptionally high. With 10-minute sustained winds of 160 mph, Typhoon Tip is the strongest cyclone in the complete tropical cyclone listing by the Japan Meteorological Agency.

The typhoon was also the most intense tropical cyclone on record, with a pressure of 870 mbar, 5 mbar lower than the previous record set by Super Typhoon June in 1975. The records set by Tip still technically stand, though with the end of routine reconnaissance aircraft flights in the western Pacific Ocean in August 1987, modern researchers have questioned whether Tip indeed remains the strongest. After a detailed study, three researchers determined that two typhoons, Angela in 1995 and Gay in 1992, registered higher Dvorak numbers than Tip, and concluded that one or both of the two may have therefore been more intense. Other recent storms may have also been more intense than Tip at its peak; for instance, satellite-derived intensity estimates for Typhoon Haiyan of 2013 indicated that its core pressure may have been as low as 858 mbar. Due to the dearth of direct observations and Hurricane hunters into these cyclones, conclusive data is lacking. In October 2015, Hurricane Patricia reached an estimated peak intensity of 872 mbar, with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 345 km/h, making Patricia the second-most intense tropical cyclone recorded worldwide. However, the NHC noted in their report on the cyclone that Patricia may have surpassed Tip at the time of its peak intensity, as it was undergoing rapid intensification; however, due to the lack of direct aircraft observations at the time of the storm's peak, this possibility cannot be determined.

Despite the typhoon's intensity and damage, the name Tip was not retired and was reused in 1983, 1986, and 1989. The name was discontinued from further use in 1989, when the JTWC changed their naming list.

title: Typhoon Tip


text:
Forever and Counting

Forever and Counting is the second full-length album by Hot Water Music. It was released by Doghouse Records in 1997, reissued in 2008 by No Idea Records, and later purchased and re-released in 2012 by Rise Records.

For 'Forever And Counting', the band had to have a short lived name change to 'The Hot Water Music Band'. This was due to a rival label, Elektra Records claiming they owned the rights to the name Hot Water Music, due to another band with the same name on the label. The Elektra band broke up after the release of the album and Hot Water Music continued to produce records under their original name.

In a 2015 interview, bassist Jason Black criticized the sound of the album, stating "I think there’s some cool songs on it, that’s definitely one record we’ve thought about re-recording a lot but we haven’t because people like it so much. It just sounds terrible." La Dispute frontman Jordan Dryer cited the album as highly influential on his career. The A.V. Club stated the album (and their previous album released earlier that year) "stand as two of ’90s’ punk’s proudest monuments—records that cut through all the squabbling, all the second-guessing, and all the politics of the punk scene and straight into its aching heart.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Forever and Counting


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Beta function (physics)

In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ,  of a given physical process described by quantum field theory. It is defined as
 * $$\beta(g) = \frac{\partial g}{\partial \ln(\mu)} ~,$$

and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit dependence on μ, so it only depends on μ implicitly through  g. This dependence on the energy scale thus specified is known as the running of the coupling parameter, a fundamental feature of scale-dependence in quantum field theory, and its explicit computation is achievable through a variety of mathematical techniques.

Scale invariance
If the beta functions of a quantum field theory vanish, usually at particular values of the coupling parameters, then the theory is said to be scale-invariant. Almost all scale-invariant QFTs are also conformally invariant. The study of such theories is conformal field theory.

The coupling parameters of a quantum field theory can run even if the corresponding classical field theory is scale-invariant. In this case, the non-zero beta function tells us that the classical scale invariance is anomalous.

Examples
Beta functions are usually computed in some kind of approximation scheme. An example is perturbation theory, where one assumes that the coupling parameters are small. One can then make an expansion in powers of the coupling parameters and truncate the higher-order terms (also known as higher loop contributions, due to the number of loops in the corresponding Feynman graphs).

Here are some examples of beta functions computed in perturbation theory:

Quantum electrodynamics
The one-loop beta function in quantum electrodynamics (QED) is

or, equivalently,
 * $$\beta(e)=\frac{e^3}{12\pi^2}~,$$
 * $$\beta(\alpha)=\frac{2\alpha^2}{3\pi}~,$$

written in terms of the fine structure constant in natural units, $α = e^{2}/4π$.

This beta function tells us that the coupling increases with increasing energy scale, and QED becomes strongly coupled at high energy. In fact, the coupling apparently becomes infinite at some finite energy, resulting in a Landau pole. However, one cannot expect the perturbative beta function to give accurate results at strong coupling, and so it is likely that the Landau pole is an artifact of applying perturbation theory in a situation where it is no longer valid.

Quantum chromodynamics
The one-loop beta function in quantum chromodynamics with $$n_f$$ flavours and $$n_s$$ scalar colored bosons is
 * $$\beta(g)=-\left(11- \frac{n_s}{6} - \frac{2n_f}{3}\right)\frac{g^3}{16\pi^2}~,$$

or
 * $$\beta(\alpha_s)=-\left(11- \frac{n_s}{6}-\frac{2n_f}{3}\right)\frac{\alpha_s^2}{2\pi}~,$$

written in terms of αs = $$g^2/4\pi$$.

Assuming ns=0, if nf ≤ 16, the ensuing beta function  dictates that the coupling decreases with increasing energy scale, a phenomenon known as asymptotic freedom. Conversely, the coupling increases with decreasing energy scale. This means that the coupling becomes large at low energies, and one can no longer rely on perturbation theory.

SU(N) Non-Abelian gauge theory
While the (Yang–Mills) gauge group of QCD is $$SU(3)$$, and determines 3 colors, we can generalize to any number of colors, $$N_c$$, with a gauge group $$G=SU(N_c)$$. Then for this gauge group, with Dirac fermions in a representation $$R_f$$ of $$G$$ and with complex scalars in a representation $$R_s$$, the one-loop beta function is
 * $$\beta(g)=-\left(\frac{11}{3}C_2(G)-\frac{1}{3}n_sT(R_s)-\frac{4}{3}n_f T(R_f)\right)\frac{g^3}{16\pi^2}~,$$

where $$C_2(G)$$ is the quadratic Casimir of $$G$$ and $$T(R)$$ is another Casimir invariant defined by $$Tr (T^a_RT^b_R) = T(R)\delta^{ab}$$ for generators $$T^{a,b}_R$$ of the Lie algebra in the representation R. (For Weyl or Majorana fermions, replace $$4/3$$ by $$2/3$$, and for real scalars, replace $$1/3$$ by $$1/6$$.) For gauge fields (i.e. gluons), necessarily in the adjoint of $$G$$, $$C_2(G) = N_c$$; for fermions in the fundamental (or anti-fundamental) representation of $$G$$, $$T(R) = 1/2$$. Then for QCD, with $$N_c = 3$$, the above equation reduces to that listed for the quantum chromodynamics beta function.

This famous result was derived nearly simultaneously in 1973 by Politzer, Gross and Wilczek, for which the three were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004. Unbeknownst to these authors, G. 't Hooft had announced the result in a comment following a talk by K. Symanzik at a small meeting in Marseilles in June 1972, but he never published it.

Standard Model Higgs–Yukawa Couplings
In the Standard Model, quarks and leptons have "Yukawa couplings" to the Higgs boson. These determine the mass of the particle. Most all of the quarks' and leptons' Yukawa couplings are small compared to the top quark's Yukawa coupling. These Yukawa couplings change their values depending on the energy scale at which they are measured, through  running. The dynamics of Yukawa couplings of quarks are determined by the renormalization group equation:

$$\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial\mu} y \approx \frac{y}{16\pi^2}\left(\frac{9}{2}y^2 - 8 g_3^2\right)$$,

where $$g_3$$ is the color gauge coupling (which is a function of $$\mu$$ and associated with asymptotic freedom)  and $$y$$ is the Yukawa coupling. This equation describes how the Yukawa coupling changes with energy scale $$\mu$$.

The Yukawa couplings of the up, down, charm, strange and bottom quarks, are small at the extremely high energy scale of grand unification, $$ \mu \approx 10^{15} $$ GeV. Therefore, the $$y^2$$ term can be neglected in the above equation. Solving, we then find that $$y$$ is increased slightly at the low energy scales at which the quark masses are generated by the Higgs, $$ \mu \approx 100 $$ GeV.

On the other hand, solutions to this equation for large initial values $$y$$ cause the rhs to quickly approach smaller values as we descend in energy scale. The above equation then locks $$y$$ to the QCD coupling $$g_3$$. This is known as the (infrared) quasi-fixed point of the renormalization group equation for the Yukawa coupling. No matter what the initial starting value of the coupling is, if it is sufficiently large it will reach this quasi-fixed point value, and the corresponding quark mass is predicted.

The value of the quasi-fixed point is fairly precisely determined in the Standard Model, leading to a predicted top quark mass of 230 GeV. The observed top quark mass of 174 GeV is slightly lower than the standard model prediction by about 30% which suggests there may be more Higgs doublets beyond the single standard model Higgs boson.

Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Renomalization group studies in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) of grand unification and the Higgs–Yukawa fixed points were very encouraging that the theory was on the right track. So far, however, no evidence of the predicted MSSM particles has emerged in experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.

title: Beta function (physics)


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text: Talk:Forever and Counting

title: Talk:Forever and Counting


text: Talk:No Division

title: Talk:No Division


text:
User:ZayZayEM/evil usage

Triglink

SUpply & Demand purged and blanched

title: User:ZayZayEM/evil usage


text: File:The Doobie Brothers - The Captain and Me.jpg


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Cunard Building

The Cunard Building is a Grade II* listed building in Liverpool, England. It is located at the Pier Head and along with the neighbouring Royal Liver Building and Port of Liverpool Building is one of Liverpool's Three Graces, which line the city's waterfront. It is also part of Liverpool's former UNESCO designated World Heritage, the Maritime Mercantile City.

It was designed by William Edward Willink and Philip Coldwell Thicknesse and was constructed between 1914 and 1917. The building's style is a mix of Italian Renaissance and Greek Revival, and its development has been particularly influenced by Italian palace design. The building is noted for the ornate sculptures that adorn its sides.

The building was, from its construction until the 1960s, the headquarters of the Cunard Line, and the building still retains the name of its original owner. It was also home to Cunard's passenger facilities for trans-Atlantic journeys departing from Liverpool. Today, the building is owned by Liverpool City Council and is home to numerous public and private sector organisations, including The British Music Experience. It is located diagonally across the Strand from Albion House, the former headquarters of White Star Line.

History
In 1914 the Cunard Steamship Company commissioned the construction of new headquarters for their company. Cunard's expansion meant that they had outgrown their previous offices, which were also in Liverpool, and the site chosen for construction was at the former George's Dock, in between the Royal Liver Building and Port of Liverpool Building. The building was designed by the architects William Edward Willink and Philip Coldwell Thicknesse and was inspired by the grand palaces of Renaissance Italy – particularly the Farnese Palace at Rome. It was constructed by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts between 1914 and 1917, with Arthur J. Davis, of Mewes and Davis, acting as consultant on the project.

In 1934 the Cunard Steamship Company merged with the White Star Line to form Cunard White Star Line, becoming the largest passenger steamship company in the world and helping to make Liverpool one of the most important centres of the British trans-Atlantic ocean liner industry. The Cunard building subsequently acted as the central headquarters for the newly merged firm, with both administrative and ship-designing facilities located within the building. Many famous ships were developed and designed at the Cunard Building, including the RMS Queen Mary, RMS Queen Elizabeth and the Queen Elizabeth 2.

Given that Liverpool was a major trans-Atlantic port, and due to the building's proximity to the River Mersey, the lower floors of the Cunard Building were allocated to provide space for liner passengers, both before and after sailing. Within the building were passenger facilities, including separate waiting rooms for first, second and third class passengers, a booking hall, luggage storage space, and a currency exchange. The building also provided facilities for both land and sea-based Cunard employees.

During the Second World War, the sub-basement level of the Cunard Building was used as an air raid shelter for workers in the building and also for those from adjacent premises. The basement levels also served as the central Air Raid Precautions headquarters for the City of Liverpool during the war. Additional reinforced steel joists were fitted to further strengthen the basement in case of a direct hit on the building.

The building remained the headquarters of Cunard until the 1960s, when they decided to relocate their UK operations to Southampton on England's south coast and their global headquarters to New York. Cunard subsequently sold the building to Prudential plc in 1969. In 1965 the Cunard Building was awarded Grade II* listed building status by the English Heritage. Initially, it was listed together with the Royal Liver Building and the Port of Liverpool Building under Pier Head, but in 1985 each building gained its own listing. In November 2001 the building was sold to the Merseyside Pension Fund, an organisation providing pension services to public sector workers on Merseyside. Today, the building provides a range of office accommodation for a variety of public and private sector organisations. In November 2008 it was announced that the building managers had appointed the local architects firm Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams to draw up a conservation plan to preserve the building. The plan involved collaboration with English Heritage and the Local Authority Conservation Officer and would be used to control any modification and repairs made to the building.

In October 2013, Liverpool City Council approved the acquisition of the Cunard Building for use as offices and as a cruise liner terminal. The Council projected that the building would accommodate 1,000 staff relocated from Millennium House and leases in the Capital Building, saving an estimated £1.3 million. The anticipated use as cruise terminal however had to be abandoned due to the high costs associated with security and border control.

Architectural design
The Cunard Building's architectural style can be generally described as a mix of Italian Renaissance and Greek Revival, with a degree of Beaux-Arts influence on the building's structural form. Willink and Caldwell's designs were heavily influenced by the work of Italian architect Baldassare Peruzzi and more broadly Italian Renaissance palace design in general, with the Farnese Palace in Rome believed to have been particularly influential. Despite the strong Italian influence, the architects chose to introduce Greek style for the details around the building itself and, as the building itself is larger than the Italian palaces that provided its inspiration, its structural form was prominently based upon American Beaux-Arts buildings such as those in New York.

The Cunard Building is approximately rectangular in shape, with nine bays on the east and west sides, and seventeen bays on the north and south sides. However, as it was constructed after the Royal Liver Building and Port of Liverpool Building on either side of it, space limitations meant that the east (landward) side was actually built 30 feet wider than the west. The central bays on each side provide the main entrance points into the building. Each entrance consists or a large panelled oak door, adorned by a pair of fluted columns and with a coffered ceiling. The Cunard Building stands six storeys tall and has two basement levels. Due to its construction on the site of the former George's Dock, part of the original dock wall is still visible in the eastern boundary of the first basement level.

The frame of the building was constructed from reinforced concrete, which was then clad in Portland stone. Several highly detailed sculptures adorn the outside of the building, including ones of Britannia and Neptune, as well as others representing peace, war, and storms. There are also sculptures of the Zodiac and the coat of arms of the United Kingdom's allies during World War I. Another series of sculptures on the building depict different races from around the world, which reflect the global operations of the Cunard company. Marble was used to furnish several parts of the inside of the building, particularly on the ground floor corridors that link the north and south entrances. It was imported from several locations in Italy and Greece, including Attica, Carrara, and Arni Alto.

As the initial usage of the Cunard Building was mixed, there are a variety of features within the building that reflect the original purposes of different areas within. Initially, Cunard's administration facilities were located on the upper floors and due to the necessity for large amounts of light in the design facilities, these rooms where developed to include both toplights in the roof and also large windows to maximise the amount of natural light. Another feature are the high quality and ornate fittings present in what was once the first class passenger lounge, located on the first floor. These fittings are also present in the former board room, located in a 'commanding' position on the fifth floor, overlooking the river below.

Among the most notable features of the Cunard Building are the large basement and sub-basement levels that initially acted as storage facilities for both the company's property and also the luggage of passengers. Coal was also stored in the basement, with a small railway track providing a link to the boiler room, which was used to heat the building. Many original features of the basement still exist, including the timber baggage racks, ship logs and other maritime documents. Several secure vaults, originally used to store the most valuable passenger items, are still used today to hold historic documents, drawings and blueprints relating to the Cunard Building and also some of Cunard's ships, such as the RMS Queen Mary.

Cunard War Memorial
The Cunard War Memorial is located on the west side of the Cunard Building and was erected in memory of the Cunard employees who were killed during the First World War, and later the Second World War. A Grade II listed monument, it was designed by Arthur Davis, who acted as consultant during the construction of the Cunard Building itself. It was erected around 1920, although it wasn't officially unveiled until 1921, by the Earl of Derby, Edward Stanley. Prior to being located at the Pier Head, the monument had been exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in London.

The monument consists of a large bronze statue that sits upon a Doric style column, which is itself raised above the ground by a pedestal base. The statue was sculpted by Henry Alfred Pegram, whilst John Stubbs & Sons provided the stonework. Due to the architects wishes that the monument be in keeping with the design of the Cunard Building, Davis designed the memorial to match the Greek features of building. The figure on top is of man, who is said to represent Victory, standing above the prow of a Roman ship. Around him there are other naval references including ropes, anchors, and shells. After the Second World War, the monument become dedicated to all Cunard employees who died in both wars. An inscription on the side of the memorial reads "Pro Patria", which is Latin for "For One's Country".

title: Cunard Building


text: Category:The Doobie Brothers albums

title: Category:The Doobie Brothers albums


text:
The First Day on the Somme

The First Day on the Somme (ISBN 0-14-139071-9) is a First World War military history book by Martin Middlebrook, first published in 1971 and still in print, which is regarded as a seminal work in the field of World War I scholarship reflecting the United Kingdom's perspective in the conflict. Its text covers in detail the events leading up to and during 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, concentrating almost exclusively on the British Army's experiences and focussing only in relief on French Army's contribution, especially south of the Somme River.

Early chapters deal with the formation of Kitchener's Army (New Army), which comprised a substantial part of the British Army's order of battle for the day, and the origins and planning of the Somme offensive. The coverage of the fighting is divided by time of day, starting with the hours leading up to "zero", followed by "zero hour", the morning, afternoon and night, with review chapters between each to sum up the fighting. The book concludes with the aftermath of the first day and a calculation of the cost of the fighting. The British casualty figures compiled by Middlebrook are often quoted as the definitive tally for 1 July.

Throughout the book Middlebrook uses quotations from soldiers involved in the fighting on the day, following ten men's stories. These men presenting a cross-section of the British Army of 1916 — Regular Army, New Army and Territorial Force — with ranks from privates up to battalion commander (lieutenant colonel).

Reviews
When the book came back into print in 2003, literary editor Benjamin Schwarz wrote in the Atlantic Monthly that The First Day on the Somme "remains one of the most innovative and harrowing works of military history ever written...It's still the definitive account of that day of slaughter, and the most unsentimental yet heartbreaking appreciation of the British infantrymen – stolid, sardonic, comradely – who fought and died in the Great War."

title: The First Day on the Somme


text:
The Captain and Me

The Captain and Me is the third studio album by American rock band The Doobie Brothers. The album was released on March 2, 1973, by Warner Bros. Records. It features some of their most popular hits including "Long Train Runnin'", "China Grove" and "Without You". The album is certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

It was voted number 835 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).

Recording and content
There was pressure on the band to move quickly and to save time they began reworking old tunes. One of Tom Johnston's songs, "Osborn", had been an improvisational piece that the band played live. After laying down the track, according to producer Ted Templeman, "We still really didn't have it, and I said, 'Make it about a train, since you have this thing about 'Miss Lucy down along the track.' So he came up with "Long Train Runnin'."

Synthesizers and strings were brought in to record The Captain and Me. Synth programmers Malcolm Cecil and Robert Margouleff were brought in to engineer the opening track, "Natural Thing". Striving for a synthesized sound like that of The Beatles' "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!", they would overdub individual notes to create chords for the song's bridge.

"Dark Eyed Cajun Woman" was a bluesy track (one of the band's earliest) and seen by Johnston as a tribute to the blues and B.B. King. "South City Midnight Lady", while being about South San Francisco, is not about any woman in particular. Jeff Baxter of Steely Dan played pedal steel guitar on the track. He would become an official Doobie Brother in 1974. Cecil and Margouleff also added the synthesized effect of a woman whispering at the end.

"Clear as the Driven Snow", according to Johnston, is a warning about recreational chemical abuse, which reflected the band members' lifestyles at that time.

The second side of the album opens with the rocker "Without You". This song, like many others, had begun as a jam. "That song had both drummers playing at the same time," Johnston stated. "It was kind of a tribute to The Who. We did it in concert for quite a while."

Patrick Simmons' short solo guitar piece "Busted Down Around O'Connelly Corners" is followed by "Ukiah", which Johnston wrote in tribute to the area. Johnston said, "We played a few shows in Ukiah, and I used to camp out a lot in the area when I was going to college." The song's back-to-the-land sentiments also reflected some of his feelings at the time, although he admitted he probably couldn't make it as a farmer. This track segues into the album closer and title track, "The Captain and Me". According to Johnston, the captain is no one in particular and the lyrics were written at the last minute and have no real meaning. The song was released as a single in the Netherlands and received some airplay there. Ron Blomberg recalled he and Yankee captain Thurman Munson liking the song for its positive message "about people coming together to change things for the better," describing the song as having "pretty cosmic" words, and named his book about Munson after this song.

Surround releases
The album was originally released in Quadraphonic sound on the CD-4 Quadradisc system and also on Quadraphonic 8-track tape. The album was also released in 2002 remixed into 5.1 multichannel DVD-Audio, and on 14 September 2011, on hybrid stereo-multichannel Super Audio CD by Warner Japan in their Warner Premium Sound series.

Artwork
The artwork found on the front and back of the album features the band, including manager Bruce Cohn, dressed in 19th century western garments and riding a horse-drawn stagecoach beneath an incomplete freeway overpass. "All that stuff came from the Warner Bros. film studios lot," Tom Johnston said. "It must've been a lot of work for the guys who brought up the horse team and the carriage and the clothes. It was fun to do—they had coffins out there, all kinds of crazy stuff." The photography was done by Michael and Jill Maggid. The setting for the cover was located at the Newhall Pass interchange of the Interstate 5 and California State Route 14 freeways near Sylmar, California, the incomplete bridge featured being one that partially collapsed during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. This same section of freeway would collapse again during the 1994 Northridge earthquake.

Personnel
The Doobie Brothers:
 * Tom Johnston – acoustic and electric guitars, harmonica on "Long Train Runnin'", ARP synthesizer, lead and backing vocals
 * Patrick Simmons – acoustic and electric guitars, ARP synthesizer, banjo on "The Captain and Me", lead and backing vocals
 * Tiran Porter – bass, backing vocals
 * John Hartman – drums, percussion, backing vocals
 * Michael Hossack – drums, congas, timbales

Additional players:
 * Bill Payne – piano on "China Grove", "South City Midnight Lady" and "Ukiah", organ on "Without You", electric piano on "Dark Eyed Cajun Woman"
 * Jeffrey 'Skunk' Baxter – pedal steel guitar on "South City Midnight Lady"
 * Ted Templeman – percussion, backing vocals on "Without You"
 * Nick DeCaro – string arrangements on "Dark Eyed Cajun Woman", "South City Midnight Lady" and "Evil Woman"
 * Malcolm Cecil, Robert Margouleff – ARP synthesizer programming on "Natural Thing", "Clear as the Driven Snow", "South City Midnight Lady" and "Ukiah"

Production

 * Producer: Ted Templeman
 * Production Coordination: Benita Brazier
 * Engineer: Donn Landee
 * Design: John Casado, Barbara Casado
 * Photography: Michael Maggid, Jill Maggid
 * Art Direction: Ed Thrasher

title: The Captain and Me


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lines of code

Lines of code
VFD-notice was inserted in Sep 8th, but to my knowledge this vote never made it into this page. So here it is. jni 12:00, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useless. GaryNigel 00:19, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to SLOC. Here merge means verifying the line counts here and adding into the table in SLOC. Also note we have (and need) LOC and KLOC. jni 11:21, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yep - merge and redirect to SLOC - David Gerard 12:01, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Either Merge, or keep as a separate table, depends a bit on if it might grow larger. Kim Bruning 13:03, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:0xDEADBEEF~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 00:20, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Warning: re: editing other people's user pages
I've been reverting your edits to User:AlexPlank because none of us should edit other people's user pages in general -- but especially in this case since this user has a long history. Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 01:05, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * My edit was to improve the accuracy of the userpage and provide current information. I am unaware of any rule against editing user pages.

 * Please see Editing user pages for a discussion. Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 01:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called 0xDEADBEEF. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name 0xDEADBEEF~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:28, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:05, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:0xDEADBEEF~enwiki


text: File:At the Drive-In - In-Casino-Out cover.jpg


text:
User talk:Rlandmann/archive4

Image:Merlin engine.jpg
--Diberri | Talk 18:18, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Could you also do the same for Image:Messerschmitt.png? Thanks! --Diberri | Talk 06:54, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

MiG-35
Thanks for your edits to 'Mikoyan MiG-35'. I didn't log in and see your message and I actually spent the time to revert everything back to the old style. But, now everything is back to the new format, with a little extra info. Thanks for your work! --Tin_soldier | Talk NO SOUP FOR YOU!, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Dobrovolsky.jpg
Hi Rlandmann, could you help me with a Copyright-notice for this image? I would like to use it for the German Wikipedia, and we are quite paranoic ;-) with image license stuff. If it is PD oder GNU, we could use it, but we do not use Images under "Fair use". Thanks for your help, --elya

MiG-35
Hey, tin here again. Thanks for your work on the MiG article. We seem to be the only guys interested.

I noticed you put the 'MFI' in Cyrillic. Im wondering if you could do that for 'PAK FA' as well (I don't speak Russian, or know of anything that can do the conversion.)

Thanks for the kind words. This article is as much mine as it is yours. I completely understand and support the uniformity of the articles.

AM.3 picture
Unfortunately, I don't have a source for the Bosbok pic, I found it online on a website which also didn't appear to know where it came from. I'll do some hunting to see if I can pic up any source info on it, but I'm doubtful of my chances. In the meantime, I'll contact the SAAF Museum for any pics, just in case. I'm also trying to verify source info for the picture I uploaded of the Hawk Mk.120, though I'm pretty sure it's a SAAF pic and therefore fair use as far as copyright goes. All the other pics I've uploaded (Cheetah C, Transall C.160 and Mirage IIICZ), are compliant in terms of the copyright limitations, as I have permission to use the former and took the latter two myself.

Thanks for pointing it out to me, I had forgotten about the AM.3's copyright status. I'll get cracking at the Bosbok pic right away. Impi 14:53, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hi, thanks for your welcome... bu I have some trouble now... I made a Mistake, I edited the MB 80-81 page and after I checked how a page Bloch MB-81 was yet built... what I can do? I should revert my edits on MB 80-81 and replace it with the Bloch MB-81 (updating it to the new format standard) or merging both? (but under wich name?) thnx again Surcouf 21:36 CET 6/09/2004

If you look carely at SEA IV page you could see that I named it "Bloch SEA IV" because at that time "Bloch" (pron. "Blosh") was the official name but for the MB-80 "MB" stands for "Marcel Bloch" as producer name and the name of the aircraft was in reality only "80" so I made the choice to that naming rule. Then I inserted the Bloch and "MB" series under the dassault page first because I think that those aircraft were produced under too much different names (Bloch, MB, Dassault-Breguet, Marcel Dassault, Dassault-Aviation...) and second because when "Dassault" became official factory name there were still in study the MB-303 with the official old "MB" name while other aircrafts were using the new "MD" appellation. Do you agreed with me? Second point, how I can modify the main name of an article? (the designation of "Mirage V" name is wrong, "Mirage 5" should be more appropriated) thanks again! :-) Surcouf 08:19 CET 7/09/2004

So... wait for a very lot of French planes and planes technology... PS: Should I add myself to the WikiProject Aircraft contributor list or it is too soon to do it? :-p Surcouf 12:29 CET 7/09/2004

Blohm + Voss
Trying to find evidence for the earliest usage of the + nomenclature. I did find a B+V history page, but I'm not sure that counts: -Joseph 03:13, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)
 * Also, I wanted to get a lot of the links updated from 'Blohm and Voss' or 'Blohm und Voss' to 'Blohm & Voss' as the hidden portion of the link...to keep things cleaner. I can always go back and change the + nomenclature. -Joseph 03:22, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)
 * I have an inquiry in with B+V to find this out. -Joseph 03:33, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)

about the copyright problem on MB.17x
I only added "A LINE AND HALF" with a curious consideration from that site I found interesting and some specifications for armaments, but I don't think that is possible having any copyright for a list of weapons mounted by an aircraft I'll rewrite that line (and half) about the "consideration" ok? :-p User:Surcouf 19:54 12/09/2004

 * Of course that you're not a nuisance!
 * PS: The Little Prince was published in 1943 so... what do you think if adding some cool artworks (gimp made) of a MB.174 and the Little Prince to put on the MB.17x page?
 * PPS: but from were r u from? :-)
 * User:Surcouf 00:16 CET 13/09/2004

Aircraft tree dump
It's very easy for me to do a dump of a category tree, or a list of articles, though it will be slightly out of date with the current database. I'm starting a dump of Category:Aircraft now. It will be from the Sep. 8 database dump (the lastest available) and it's likely to be rather large. I'll post it in perhaps an hour or so.

If you're moving things around, it does look like the top level and the major branches could use something like Category:Aircraft by country, Category:Civil aircraft by country, etc., just to make it easier to find the interesting non-country entries, no? -- Beland 04:21, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hmm...I see what you mean about category proliferation. Quite the messy problem, so I guess I'll leave it to the subject experts. 8)

Anyway, on to your category dump...I posted it at User_talk:Rlandmann/aircraft-dump.

By my count, there are 238 articles on civil aircraft, 779 for military, and 62 for experimental, not counting repeats. (I did three different dumps, and only checked for repeats internal to each one.) Let me know if there's a more convenient format for you to get this in, or if you need anything else. Thanks! -- Beland 06:18, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

TV Naming conventions.
At some point in the past you expressed an opinion on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (television). I have instigated a new poll on that page. I am hoping that this poll will properly allow all users who have an interest in the subject to express their views fairly before we come to a consensus. I have scrapped the poll that was previously in place on that page because I believe that it was part of an unfair procedure that was going against the majority view. I am appealing to all users who contribute to that page to approve my actions. I would appreciate it if you could take the time and trouble to read the page carefully and express an opinion and vote as you see fit. Mintguy (T) 16:50, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Sports plane vs aerobatics aircraft
Hi, I noticed you changed a couple of entries for aerobatics aircraft a bit, moving them from the categories: Aerobatics aircraft (as per various nations and timelines), to: Sports planes (also as per various nations and timelines). What is the reason for this change, and do aerobatics aircraft such as the Slick 360/Extra 300/330 etc qualify under this heading? As far as I was always aware, sportsplanes were ultralights, though I'm admittedly not up to date on the latest definitions. Impi 16:19, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I think you're more knowledgeable in that area than I am, and I think you're most likely correct. So I'm now ok with the name change. Impi 22:09, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Category changes on dutch naval ships
Would you mind not removing categories when adding a new one on these please? --Martin Wisse 14:09, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Exotic dance

 * Oops! I thought that you were "one of the admins looking after the page" :-)

To answer your question, I am just familiar with hundreds (maybe, now thousands) of web sites/pages dedicated to Bharatanatyam and Odissi dance, and so far I have not discovered any photos (let alone the streaming videos) that are up to those I found on Medha Hari's site. True, her web site is a bit lame in terms of design (well, I can't make even such), but who cares if we can use some of its content (like pictures) on Wikipedia?

 * You wrote, "They (comments) remain in place until the issue is dealt with"

"GFDL allows "invariant" text which cannot be modified or removed"

I guess the issue has already been dealt with, hasn't it?

Hi, this is Santap again! :-)

Thanks for the notes. I am new to Wikipedia, so it is very helpful.

I sent email to the owner (Medha Hari), and received the reply. She writes that all her photos can be used by as long as

 * these are not altered
 * the origin of the photos is clearly stated

So, I guess you can remove that noce from "Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images", right?

Hi, this is Santap. Regarding Bharatanatyam pictures. For your information, as the dancer's web site clearly states here, these pictures are free to use for non-commercial purposes. I would like to note that this web site is the only one I found so far that allows for GNU distribution of its photo content.

Before deleting anything, you could try to find any other good but FREE Bharatanatyam pictures and include these to illustrate the articles. Otherwise, it looks like vandalising. Please let us be more constructive.

regarding murphy moose specs
Just so you're aware, I pulled the Moose specs from the Murphy website - they don't include metric anything there, despite being Canadian. I think north american aviation - in general - tends toward Imperial, whether the country itself does or not. Out of curiosity I checked the Transport Canada site for their regs, and where they do list meters it's secondary. Here's an example that doesn't even mention metric at all.

So, while I understand the use of metric for European aircraft, I do question its use as primary in specs for Canadian-built planes. Not that it really matters - I'm not going to change it - but I felt it was worth bringing up.

About passing last month's new article count: glad I could help! :] eric 05:03, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * That certainly is an interesting canadian foulup. I've actually always been under the impression that Imperial is used for aviation pretty much internationally, although I've never flown in a cockpit anywhere outside the US. As I've been made to understand, for aviation use (altitude, runway length, etc) the metric system isn't precise enough when using meters - but I have the feeling I've got that wrong.

 * Either way, the aviation community, at least in america, isn't particularly uniform with anything - statute miles for visibility but nautical miles for anything else... celsius for weather reports and fahrenheit in some handbooks... it's all over the place. I've actually kind of wondered about our (in the pedia rather) use of mph for airspeeds, when most modern aircraft seem to indicate with knots. There's another, i guess.
 * -eric 05:22, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)

New articles (aircraft)
Sorry, I counted 128 lines in September with 3 variants so I assumed that meant there were 125 aircraft. Geoff/Gsl 23:10, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * My mistake. One of the lines was wrapping when I pasted it into a file to count.  127 lines is correct.  Though the count must have gone awry somewhere because it was at 124+3 when I added the Sopwith 1½ Strutter so I assumed that took it to 125+3.  Geoff/Gsl 23:24, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Nice quick edits on the H-92! Krupo 04:47, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)

Long-EZ
You're right. I moved it back. -Joseph (Talk) 23:14, 2004 Sep 29 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I wondered about that too. I saw you moved the Quickie and a few other Rutan designs to the full RAF name as well. Cool to see Rutan getting the attention he deserves, though, both from us and the world!
 * -eric 02:26, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

Your uploaded image
Thanks for uploading Image:Nikolayev.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know whether it's released under the GFDL, whether fair use is claimed, or what? Thanks,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   18:26, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

Aircraft templates
I worked hours on the Bell X-14 article and had it looking good. I think it looks much better with the template. Then you come along and change it all without even the courtesy of letting me know why. Why should I bother? If this is what is going to happen, maybe I shouldn't waste my time. Reubenbarton 22:29, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

French Aircraft
You've done some lovely work on the Bloch planes. I'm just curious, however. You used a radically different template than the one I was using (which in turn was the standard at the time for aircraft pages). Do your pages reflect a new standard? I really don't want to have to redo all my old pages.

Also, you did a great Bloch 150 page, but I also wanted to make individual pages for the Bloch 151-157 using my original format. Just wanted to combine heads. You can e-mail me at fagin@earthlink.net or AIM me at Dryden of Gaia. I'd love to chat. S'long.

Aero-Cam
Hmm, that's rather unusual, there's just about no online info available about them. Well, I'll see what I can get, and get back to you on this company. Impi 14:21, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

ISRO
Hi Rlandmann, how long will Indian Space Research Organisation be under lockdown? We have a new article started in /temp.

Duk 22:42, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

X-20 image
It was mentioned that Tables were causing trouble with certain browers. I thought the table in picture format would not cause the same trouble. The X-20 is a long dead program and it's numbers probably will not change. If they did, based on new info, a new picture table could be created. Error 404 18:05, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Latvian legions
I don't know anything about the book except that the initial article said it was from the book. RickK 05:07, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Yuri Artyukhin pic
Thanks for uploading Image:Artyukhin.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) Thanks so much,    – Quadell (talk) (help)   17:33, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Image:MiG-1.jpg
--David Iberri | Talk 19:09, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

Re: Most wanted articles
Someone appears to have swooped in and updated Most wanted articles. Lucky you! 8) -- Beland 19:46, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

HMS thunderer
Thank you for spotting and fixing my typo. But you could have merged as well as redirected. Anyway, done now. Gdr 12:38, 2004 Nov 10 (UTC)

Image:Avia S-199.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Avia S-199.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   23:41, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. Also Image:Cc2.jpg

Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and more
Hi, Rlandmann! Could you please take a look at my article on the Russian Ilya Muromets bomber and categorize it? I would really appreciate it. Thanks! KNewman 16:03, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi again, Rlandmann! I wrote an article on Sikorsky Alexander Nevsky bomber, but I'm not sure if my technical English is any good. And there's a lot of stuff missing regarding its specifications. Could you please check it out? I'm working on two other Russian airplanes now - Svyatogor and Russky Vityaz. Thanks a lot! KNewman 16:06, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * And one more question. Do you think it's accurate to link Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation to the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets or any other airplane designed by Sikorsky, while he was a Russian citizen, still? Just curious and wonder what admins think. Thanks! KNewman 18:56, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Rlandmann! I'm done with the Sikorsky Russky Vityaz. I would really appreciate it if you could check my technical English, add a few things and categorize it. I couldn't find any reference to whether it was conceived as a bomber or civil aircraft. Thanks! KNewman 16:01, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

navy squadrons
Hey, thank you so much for your suggestions!! As you can see I am quite new so still learning my way around, but I have jumped in with both feet (no other way to go as far as I'm concerned). I finished the bulk of that Tophatters entry late late last night and decided to just save my current progress and clean it up later, but I see you've already done that for me! I skimmed your suggestions but I think I'll probably have to try to apply them the next time around to fully absorb everything. The categories in particular seem to give me problems, for some reason. I'm going to be really busy with work today and probably through the weekend so I doubt I'll have time to add any more entries, but hopefully next week I can get back to working on them. It's a personal interest of mine and I get great pleasure from the fact that nobody has done it yet! Kathy (Katefan0 16:18, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC))

Article Licensing
I've "started" the Free the Rambot Articles Project which aims to get users to release all of their contributions to the U.S. state, county, and city articles under the CC-by-sa 1.0 and 2.0 license (at minimum) or into the public domain if they prefer. A secondary goal is to get those users to release ALL of their edits for ALL articles. I've personally chosen to multi-license all of the rambot and Ram-Man contributions under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License so that other projects, such as WikiTravel, can use our articles. I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all your contributions (or at minimum those on the geographic articles) so that we can keep most of the articles available under the multi-license. Many users use the   template (or even    for public domain) on their user page, but there are other templates for other options at Template messages/User namespace. If you only prefer using the GFDL, I understand, but I thought I'd at least ask, just in case, since the number of your edits is in the top 100. If you do want to do it, simply just copy and paste one of the above two templates into your user page and it will allow us to track those users who have done it. For example:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain (which many people do or don't like to do, see Multi-licensing), you could replace   with    -- Ram-Man 21:49, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Walter Dornberger.jpg
public-domain ??

Sollog article
Dude, good job with the Sollog article. It was hopeless in its original form, but now, I think it should stay. The problem will be if Sollog tries to NPOV it.... A2Kafir 02:19, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

More good work on the associated talk page -- thank you very much! I skimread the ordure you later removed with a horrified and, yes, occasionally amused fascination, but it's scary to think that at least one person somewhere actually seems to take it seriously. What a waste of anybody's time. And just look at this list of "controversial groups, some called 'cults'" to see how many more wingnut groups might become wind themselves up into paroxysms of editing and deleting fury in Wikipedia. Urghhh. -- Hoary 13:16, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

VfD discussion: If an article survives VfD, isn't the VfD discussion supposed to be copied into or linked from the article's talk page? I can't see where the Sollog VfD discussion went. JamesMLane 18:57, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

AT-9
Hi,

I decideded to move the Curtiss AT-9 page to AT(, and noticed you moved it again. Let me give my justification.

Almost all of the planes in the catagories are listed by their military designation - T-9, T-1, F-22. It seems best to list it that way. Let me know what you think Mikeb 04:47, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

AT-9 Again
Thank for the hello. I had been looking at that page, and saw "Guidelines for certain specific groups of aircraft: US military aircraft: Number and name. F-15 Eagle, P-47 Thunderbolt Where there is no name, or where the name is not in general use, use the manufacturer and number instead: Lockheed U-2, Convair B-36, General Dynamics F-111." So I thought it would be best listed as and AT-9. No big deal though. I just need to go back and switch my pages I linked to AT-9 so they are linked correctly.

See you around! Mikeb 05:01, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'll take care of the photo. I'll see if there is another one on the Altus AFB website or another site. Thanks!

Mikeb

What about this photo:  Photos on public USAF sites are fine correct?

Mikeb 05:19, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

At-9 Fixed! (I think)
Tell me what you think! Not bad to start with. Do photo's take a bit to refresh? It still shows the old photo, but if I click on it it brings me to the correct one. Thanks for the help!

Mikeb 06:51, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

squadrons
Just wanted to let you know (belatedly) that I got your note, and see your point, so have stopped doing the piping. Best! Katefan0 17:05, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

BMW801.jpg
Hi! Thanks for uploading. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) Thanks! Schissel 23:56, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

Image copywrites
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:Oskar Ursinus.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, Edwinstearns 17:17, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Ilyushin28.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the imagesand I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 23:57, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:J8M1.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the imagesand I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 01:26, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Iaf_sheild.png

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:20, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Iaf_sheild.png

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:23, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Demin.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:13, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

 * ALSO:
 * Image:JunkersJu90.jpg
 * Image:JunkersJu390.jpg
 * Image:JunkersJu290.jpg
 * Image:EF140.jpg

 * AND:
 * Image:KawanishiH8K.jpg
 * Image:KawanishiH6K.jpg

 * ALSO
 * Image:LavochkinLa-7.jpg
 * ALSO
 * Image:Klimuk.jpg
 * Image:Coanda.jpg RedWolf 21:26, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:PetlyakovPe2.jpg RedWolf 21:35, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC)

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I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 06:43, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)

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Anonymous user adding external commercial links
I just noticed that anonymous user 63.201.59.136 is adding external links to a website that describes aircraft crashes. The disturbing thing to me is this website is selling small pieces of the crashed aircraft as souvenirs. The Specimen Collection. See the bottom of the external website pages linked to these Wiki articles: X-15, XB-70, F-104, Chuck Yeager. Reubenbarton 07:38, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rlandmann/archive4


text:
Talk:Ammianus Marcellinus

Untitled
The Loeb edition bears the inside title (after the 50pp of introductory material) "Ammiani Marcellini Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt". (The volume titles are merely "Ammianus Marcellinus", although they include no other work by him, since none has survived.) This inside title translates as "The books that survive of the Deeds/Acts/History of Ammian Marcellinus". Nowhere have I been able to find where this Latin "title" comes from; I can't remember reading or hearing anyone actually refer to AM's History as "Res Gestae", although that's a Latin phrase that can be translated history.

The "Divi Augustae" (sic), on the other hand, is a much clearer mistake; which should have been — so to speak — "Divi Augusti", although FWIW (not very much) one can find "RG Divi Augustae" online. Still, it's not right, and anyhow RGDA always refers to the piece of Augustan propaganda.

I'll revert the Loeb "Reference"; although my edition doesn't have the same ISBN numbers — prolly better to leave those off. --Bill 00:22, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Shall we mention that although he is thought of as a bit of a critic of Christianity, and although his accounts of certain aspects of Julian's character and policies and so on are vaguely hagiographic - he did disagree with him at points, for example, Julian's edict banning Christian teachers from teaching the classics, can't remember Marcellinus' exact quote but he is pretty critical of that particular edict.

 * I enjoyed translating Ammianus in my school days and I still think he's a great writer, so I added a quote by another fan, more famous than me. Stammer 15:45, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Rhythmic prose?
Should there not be some mention of the accent-based rhythmic prose employed by Ammianus? I am not myself qualified to discuss it in detail. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.49.36.18 (talk) 18:01, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

"journalistic"
Wouldn't it be this 'journalistic' tendency that makes him so valuable to someone like Gibbon? I'm confused why the tone suggests that it is necessarily a bad thing to write the facts without too much embellishment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoshNarins (talk • contribs) 21:29, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Sources?
The text includes the following: "In his description of the Empire —the exhaustion produced by excessive taxation, the financial ruin of the middle classes, the progressive decline in the morale of the army— we find an explanation for sack of Rome by the Visigoths only twenty years after his death."

Can anyone provide specific references on these various points?

Thanks. Jauchart (talk) 19:47, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Ammianus Marcellinus & Libanius
In Epistula 1063 (dated 392), Libanius writes a letter to one Marcellinus who at the time of the letter is visiting Rome; this person has been identified with the historian (see, for example, PLRE & E.A. Thompson, The Historical Work of Ammianus Marcellinus). However, this identification has been challenged by several authorities: "G. W. Bowersock, reviewing The Roman Empire of Ammianus", in Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990), 244-50; C. W. Fornara, "Studies in Ammianus Marcellinus, I: The letter of Libanius and Ammianus' connections with Antioch", Historia 41 (1992), 328-44; T. D. Barnes, "Ammianus Marcellinus and his world", Classical Philology 88 (1993), 55-70. A reply can be read by J. F. Matthews, "The Origin of Ammianus", Classical Quarterly, n.s 44 (1994), pp. 252-269. I'm in the process of reading these papers, so I'm unable to provide a summary of them in the article; I've added these sources in case I don't add this material to the article for whatever reason. (I do have a life, which comes before Wikipedia, so it is likely.) -- llywrch (talk) 20:42, 3 August 2013 (UTC)

Ammianus Marcellinus & Christianity
Marcellinus never explicitly stated his opinion about Christianity; that is, although a pagan he never said if Christianity was good or bad. Therefore, saying that he was "tolerant" is an opinion formed from a close reading of his text, & needs to be indicated thusly. However, a close reading shows his attitude about Christianity was complex--sometimes he is obviously ironic (such as the passage quoted), sometimes he appears to be tolerant--& thus is a source of controversy. -- llywrch (talk) 17:45, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for all the work you have put into this article. I have made another attempt. I am trying to remove the false contrasts that the previous wording suggested. In particular, there's no contradiction between being pagan and being tolerant of Christianity; tolerance (mixed with varying degrees of respect and contempt) was the usual (not universal) attitude of Roman pagans. And there is also no contradiction between tolerance of monotheism and pointing out the genuine, public, and loud mutual loathing expressed by the various Christian sectaries of the time. To describe Ammianus's quite factual comment as "ironic" would be I suspect to commit OR, and I note that the Christian records of the time amply substantiate his point. I do take your point that Ammianus's tolerance is a judgement made by modern sources and I hope that I have left the text in a state that reflects this. Richard Keatinge (talk) 18:26, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

 * I figured your edit was simply meant to clean up my awkward style. However, there is a surprisingly wide spectrum of opinions about what Marcellinus' attitude towards Christianity was; this spectrum ranges from him being an actual Christian (the demands of the ancient historical genre forcing him to assume a pagan persona) to being deeply & darkly ironic, if not sarcastically hostile, toward Christianity. My edit was to give the reader (& hopefully a future contributor) a clue about that wide divergence of opinion. Hunt's paper in the Classical Quarterly surveys the views before offering his own analysis. If you're interested in Hunt's paper, use the "Email this user" link on my page & I'll send you a pdf of his article from JSTOR. -- llywrch (talk) 06:07, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks again. Indeed, I was trying to improve the style rather than correct your facts, and I'm sure we'll come up with a better formulation than mine. Richard Keatinge (talk) 10:10, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

Updating historiography & criticism
If there's anyone still here: llywrch brought up a lot of good points/issues about this article– three years ago. The article itself for some reason expresses the views of historiography half a century out of date. I'm going to try to update the information in this wiki, smooth out narrative and style, and compile a separate page on the Res Gestae in the next few days. Will be more than happy to explain/discuss any edits. I will also move some of the material here to the new page if it's more relevant to the text than to Ammianus himself.

Re: Ammianus himself: Kelly's 2008 The Allusive Historian actually criticises excessive detective work regarding Ammianus's biography, as almost the entirety of it is extracted from the Res Gestae– which is a work of literature as well as an history. Acc. Kelly the danger in underestimating Ammianus's literary ability and awareness of the authority of rhetorical devices such as autopsy is that one ends up taking what Ammianus writes at face value (and as the late Umberto Eco (approximately) wrote, books are not to be believed, but subjected to inquiry). I wonder if this disclaimer from Kelly should preface information/whether the page should make clear that most biographical details are extracted from a source of questionable veracity– but that for general purposes they can be accepted as accurate.

Re: the criticism subsection: inadequate? Gibbon was certainly the first to criticise Ammianus but scholarly opinion has changed dramatically since his time, and none of that is mentioned. No historian after Thompson really in '47 has considered Ammianus to be generally impartial, and following Blockley's smackdown in '75 (Ammianus Marcellinus: A Study of his Historiography and Political Thought) general consensus has been that Ammianus is at best slyly critical of Christianity and at worst harbouring a vivid hostility, tempered by his profession towards equanimity and the dominance of Christianity in Roman politics. Previous historiography suggested that Ammianus could himself have been Christian, but Barnes in '98 I think points out a massive number of omissions of quite important Christian events directly connected to the affairs of the Roman state, which Ammianus was professing to record, suggesting that Ammianus was consicously suppressing the prominence of Christianity in Roman society. He also mentions Ammianus's disingenuous relation of a rumour that a Christian bishop betrayed the Empire to the Persian shah Shapur (20.7.9) and notes the use of polemical language following Julian, e.g. referring to martyrs as 'corpora', corpses. The opinion that Ammianus lacks literary flair has also been handily revised by Kelly which presents a more comprehensive review of Ammianus's extensive rhetoric (including its impact on the work's veracity; I hope to add sections on his use of rhetorical devices if possible in the Res Gestae page– essentially, to address the work as both history and literature). The section on his excurses (ie the tsunami) is kind of awkward, but I'll try to expand this in the new page.

Re: Libanius's letter: in my opinion Barnes convincingly refutes the theory that it is addressed to Ammianus; if you're still here, llywrch, I'm curious to hear what you've concluded.

Re: meter, etc, I believe Barnes's Representation of Historical Reality speaks to some degree about the meter and structure (ch3? if I recall correctly) but I can't say much about it. I'm sure there are other sources, haven't read about this aspect of the work.

Title
Is there any reason we're using Res Gestae ("Things Done") instead of Roman History for the title of his work in the body of the article? Seems like all the early translations and plenty of the recent ones prefer that. If we're using the Latin just to be snobbish, it seems like the actual form of the title in the MSS. is in the genitive: Rerum Gestarum Libri ("Books of Things Done"). — Llywelyn II   04:45, 15 February 2019 (UTC)

Portrait of Julian on a bronze coin of Antioch
Interesting. I didn't know the Romans had hand-painted bronze coins. You learn something new on Wikipedia every day. 94.191.136.192 (talk) 18:48, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ammianus Marcellinus