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Askersund

Askersund is a locality and the seat of Askersund Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with a population census of 3,887 inhabitants in 2010.

Geography
Askersund is a popular tourist destination with swimming and nature experiences. The city centre is still marked by its wooden buildings and their two churches. Sophia Magdalena was designed by Olof tempelman and Askersund country Church by Jean de la Vallée and Erik Dahlberg. The city is located on the edge of the forest of Tiveden at Lake Alsen forming North of Lake Vättern and along the lake, just outside the city is Husabergsudde with bathing and camping. From the city, it has views of Lake Vättern and Tivedsskogen. On the other side of the water is Prince Gustaf's Castle, Stjernsund.

History
The town Askersund traces its origin from the 14th century. In 1643, it was significant enough to receive its charter as one of the cities in Sweden. Despite its small size, Askersund is for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city, although Statistics Sweden nowadays defines a city as a locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants.

In the 19th century, Askersund was planned to be the site of one of the two supply fortresses for Karlsborg Fortress, located on an island in Lake Vättern, now belonging to Karlsborg Municipality. In 1813, Askersunds flickskola, the second institution to give females higher education in Sweden, was founded in Askersund.

title: Askersund


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Talk:List of rock formations

A lot of the places listed are just to articles about places with no mention of the rock formation. Can we have more detail for each entry to describe why the formation is striking and what it is. 81.133.235.148 21:27, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Article merging/reshufling
There are three articles that overlap significantly
 * Rock formation (I renamed it from Rock formations)
 * Formation of rocks (I renamed it from Rock formation)
 * Geologic formation, which basically speaks about rock formations.

IMO the third one must be merged into the firat one, unless there are non-rock formations techhically called "formations" as well (I am not a geologist)

Duplication between first and second ones must be minimized and the second one must be referred from the first one instead.

mikka (t) 18:11, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The first (this article) is an informal list of popularily recognized rock appearances oe formations. It is a tourist guide to unusual or perhaps photogenic rock outcroppings. Rather ill-defined list of everyone's favorite scenic rock. Non-scientific.
 * The second as now defined is an introductory lesson in the three main fields of petrology. Could be expanded as such - it is a science based article.
 * The third is a more formal discussion of rock Formations as the basis of the science of stratigraphy.
 * The three as now defined are distintly different articles and should not be merged. More work is needed to better flesh-out the articles and the popular list (this article) needs a better heading perhaps. Vsmith 04:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Merger proposal
The somewhat poorly named List of famous rocks is a stub list and is quite redundant with the contents of this page. The famous part of that page name is troubling to some editors and a merge of that list here would solve that problem as well as remove a redundant list. Vsmith 01:44, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * As one of the editors troubled by "famous", I have to agree with the merger proposal. UnitedStatesian 02:09, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Renaming
This article should be named List of rock formations, as it is a list, per Lists (stand-alone_lists). Mr. Absurd 17:12, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. --Gibmetal 77 talk 17:48, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I too agree. If I hear no objections in the next few days, I'll take care of the move if no one else does. UnitedStatesian 17:50, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

The list
Can we eliminate the forever-growing list of rock formations in each country? There are of course tens of thousands of such features. Could we limit it to those that are notable enough to have their own Wikipedia entry - as is done in many such situations? Cheers Geologyguy (talk) 14:20, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Merge from List of rock formations in Oceania
Makes sense, considering the shortness of the "in Oceania" page. Silly to fork it off. — Anonymous Dissident  Talk 08:42, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Split List of rock formations in Oceania
Assuming the "list of rock formations by country" articles are useful (quite a few countries have them), why not split List of rock formations in Oceania into List of rock formations in Australia and List of rock formations in New Zealand (there are only two other entries, which would thus be in the main List of rock formations only). I suppose the Lists for countries may include more descriptive text than the world list, and possibly some extra entries. I think that while the national lists should not list every rock formation, they could include some which are notable but not notable enough to have their own article Hugo999 (talk) 11:44, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Poor impression
Apparently Wikipedia has not managed to enlighten me of the various types of rock formations (Rock formation redirects here), but rather focuses on listing some countries' rock formations. Is this an encyclopedia, or a bloody tourist boucher? - 60.51.125.125 (talk) 03:27, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Unquestionably the most famous "rock formation" is that of the Beatles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.145.145.29 (talk) 22:00, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

gold
gold — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.114.172.167 (talk) 15:26, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

what about?
I see a picture of an arch, are rock formations different than say a Hoodoo or an Arch? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.3.57.82 (talk) 13:44, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

Rock formation
The best name for the article is rock formation. And would include the differences with rocky outcrop.--Lagoset (talk) 12:58, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of rock formations


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User:Fishboy

it's me fishboy. more fish than boy. mostly tuna actually.

title: User:Fishboy


text:
A. Willis Robertson

Absalom Willis Robertson (May 27, 1887 – November 1, 1971) was an American politician from Virginia who served in public office for over 50 years. A member of the Democratic Party and lukewarm ally of the Byrd Organization led by fellow U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Robertson represented Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives (1933–1946) and the U.S. Senate (1946–1966), and had earlier served in the Virginia General Assembly. A member of the conservative coalition during his congressional career, Robertson was a vocal opponent of civil rights. Robertson was also the father of televangelist and political commentator Pat Robertson.

Early life and education
Robertson was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, the son of Franklin Pierce Robertson and Josephine Ragland (née Willis), just two weeks before fellow Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd was born in the same community. He graduated from the University of Richmond in 1907.

Early political and legal career
Robertson established a private law practice following graduation, and soon embarked on a political career. He was elected to the Virginia State Senate as a Democrat in 1915 to represent Bedford and Rockbridge counties and Buena Vista, Virginia, in Senate district 22, replacing W. T. Paxton, who had replaced J. Randolph Tucker in 1913. Robertson served from 1916 to 1922, when he resigned and was replaced by Samuel S. Lambeth Jr. in the February 1923 special session but Robert J. Noell won the election to succeed him later that year. During World War I, Robertson enlisted and served in the United States Army, but was assigned stateside so he could continue that part-time elective office.

Robertson served as Commonwealth Attorney for Rockbridge County, Virginia (an elective office per the Virginia constitution, which prohibited such officials from also serving as legislators or judges during their terms) from 1922 to 1928.

Federal political career
In 1932, Robertson was elected from Virginia's 7th congressional district to the U.S. House of Representatives, and was reelected six times. In 1946, he won a special election for the right to complete the final two years of Senator Carter Glass's term and took office on the day after the election. He won the seat in his own right in 1948 and was reelected two more times without serious opposition.

Among his legislation is the Pittman–Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act which creates the formula for federal sharing of ammunition tax revenues with states to establish wildlife areas. The program is still in effect and remains a primary financing source for wildlife areas.

Robertson was a typical member of the Byrd Organization, though differed at times and eventually became independent from the machine. He was chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs from 1959 to 1966. In 1956, Robertson was one of the 19 senators who signed the Southern Manifesto against the U.S. Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which mandated schools' desegregation.

When President Lyndon B. Johnson sent his wife, Lady Bird Johnson, on a train trip through the South to encourage support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Robertson was one of four Southern Senators who refused to meet with her on the whistle-stop trip.

In retaliation, President Johnson personally recruited Virginia State Senator William B. Spong Jr., a considerably more liberal Democrat, to run against Robertson in the 1966 Democratic primary. Even some Byrd Democrats had moved away from resistance to integration as espoused by Robertson and the Organization's patriarch, Harry F. Byrd. Meanwhile, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had added black and lower-income voters. Spong defeated Robertson in the primary in one of the biggest upsets in Virginia political history. The Byrd Organization's long dominance of Virginia state politics had begun to end.

March 10, 1956, Christian Science Monitor
Asked to comment "on his region's state of mind and any specific American attitudes he feels are necessary to avoid violence and bring healing in a deteriorating situation following the Supreme Court school desegregation order," Robertson stated:

Virginia recognizes the correctness of the 1850 decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Court and in the 155 subsequent decisions of State and Federal courts holding that the equal rights provision of a constitution could be properly satisfied by public schools for the white and colored races which are separate but equal.

During the last 10 years notable progress has been made in the Southern States in meeting that equality requirement. But that progress will be nullified by a program of rapid, enforced desegregation. In fact, public education for both races in some Southern States would be destroyed.

The worst feature of the current desegregation effort, however, is the resulting bitterness and racial animosities in areas where harmony heretofore prevailed. Southerners believe that the cherished constitutional right of every citizen to select his personal associates is being violated.

Monday, July 9, 1956, Congressional Record
"I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Congressional Record the weekly newsletter of my distinguished successor in the Seventh Congressional District of Virginia, Representative Burr P Harrison, in which he discussed the so-called civil rights bill now under consideration by the House. Representative Harrison's analysis is lucid and accurate, and I fully endorse the position he has taken in opposition to it."

Harrison had stated:

Even a casual reading of this bill, sponsored by the President, reveals it as one of the most drastic measures ever to receive consideration by the Congress.

It would set up a Federal Commission with a staff of snoopers who could roam the length and breadth of the United States, armed with subpoenas, looking for civil-rights incidents. One of the objectives of this Commission would be to advance the idea of complete racial integration in private business.

Death
In 1971, Robertson died in Lexington, Virginia and was buried in Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery, later renamed Oak Grove Cemetery.

His papers are held at the Swem Library at the College of William and Mary.

Electoral history

 * 1934; Robertson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 68.33% of the vote, defeating Republican J. Everett Will, Socialist Lester Ruffner, and Independent W.R. Eubank.
 * 1936; Robertson was re-elected with 63.87% of the vote, defeating Republican Will and Socialist Ruffner.
 * 1938; Robertson was re-elected with 63.87% of the vote, defeating Republican Charles C. Leap.
 * 1940; Robertson was re-elected with 65.11% of the vote, defeating Republican Jacob A. Garber and now-Communist Ruffner.
 * 1942; Robertson was re-elected unopposed.
 * 1944; Robertson was re-elected with 59.87% of the vote, defeating Republican D. Wampler Earman.
 * 1966; Robertson was defeated in a bid for re-election to the US Senate.

title: A. Willis Robertson


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Theodore Foster

Theodore Foster (April 29, 1752 – January 13, 1828) was an American lawyer and politician from Rhode Island. He was a member of the Federalist Party and later the National Republican Party. He served as one of the first two United States senators from Rhode Island and, following John Langdon, served as dean of the Senate.

Early life
Foster was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts in 1752. He engaged in classical studies at the college in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (now known as Brown University), graduating in 1770. He then studied law and lived with fellow student Solomon Drowne. He was admitted to the bar association in 1771 and remained in Rhode Island to practice law, beginning his law practice in Providence. He was town clerk in Providence from 1775 to 1787. He earned his master's degree from Dartmouth College in 1786.

Foster was a protege of Brown University's first chancellor, Chief Justice of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and revolutionary patriot Stephen Hopkins. Foster married the sister of the future governor of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Arthur Fenner.

American Revolution
Foster played a role in the Gaspee Affair of 1772, along with John Brown and others, which helped catalyze events leading to up to the American Revolutionary War. Foster distinguished himself as a staunch supporter of General George Washington and the Federalist cause.

Later life
Until 1790 Foster held various positions in the government of Rhode Island. He was then elected to the United States Senate, beginning his service on June 12, 1790. Rhode Island's state legislature re-elected him in 1791 and 1797, and he served until March 3, 1803, when he retired from public life to engage in writing and historical research. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1820. Foster became a passionate collector of numerous documents relating to colonial Providence. He helped found the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1822. Foster's heirs sold his extensive collection of historical documents to the Society in 1833. Many of these documents are unpublished.

During the latter period, Foster also served as a trustee of Brown University. Foster returned to public life to serve in the Rhode Island state legislature from 1812 to 1816. He lived in the town of Foster, Rhode Island, which was named after him. When Solomon Drowne moved back to Rhode Island he lived on a farm (Mt. Hygeia) next to Foster's.

Foster died on January 13, 1828, and is interred in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence.

Family life
Foster's father was Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Justice Jedediah Foster, who graduated from Harvard University in 1744.

Foster was the elder brother of Senator Dwight Foster of Massachusetts, and the great uncle of Massachusetts Attorney General and Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Justice Dwight Foster.

title: Theodore Foster


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Kam Fong Chun

Kam Fong Chun (born Kam Tong Chun; May 27, 1918 – October 18, 2002) was an American police officer and actor, best known for his role as Chin Ho Kelly, a police detective on the CBS television network series Hawaii Five-O.

Life
Kam Fong Chun was born in the Kalihi neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. A 1938 graduate of President William McKinley High School, he worked at Pearl Harbor shipyard in his 20s as a boiler maker and was a witness to the attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. After the death of his first wife and two eldest children in 1944, he applied for a job as a police officer at the Honolulu Police Department. He served there for 16 years. After his retirement from the police force, he worked as a disc jockey and sold real estate in addition to doing community theater.

Chun's life was filled with tragedies. His father had an affair, which led to his parents' divorce and the splitting of the family. The two eldest children went with their father and the younger five, including seven-year-old Chun, lived with their mother. The affair also led to Chun's father being forced out of the family business by his paternal grandfather, which left the family in poverty. Chun watched a brother burn to death as he was painting the family home and someone lit a match. On June 8, 1944, Chun lost his family in a freak air disaster that devastated their home in Honolulu. Two B-25 bombers collided over the Chun residence, killing wife Esther, four-year-old daughter Marilyn and two-year-old son Donald.

Chun later married Gladys Lindo in 1949. They had two sons, Dennis and Dickson, and daughters, Brenda and Valerie.

Stage name
Chun's stage name came from a misunderstanding of his first name by his first teacher, who taught him to write Kam Fong Chun instead of his birth name, Kam Tong Chun. Due to confusion as he got older, he later legalized his name to the former. CBS asked him to shorten his name to Kam Fong when he was hired for Hawaii Five-O.

Proposed 1997 Five-O revival
Talk had centered around a remake or a feature film version of the show for years. In 1997, CBS and Stephen J. Cannell (The Rockford Files, Baretta, The Commish) collaborated on a pilot for a possible new Five-O series. The pilot would introduce some of the new cast and feature former regulars from the original series, including Fong. According to Five-O fan and author of a book on the show, Karen Rhodes, Fong was asked to reprise his role and appear in the pilot. Neither Fong nor any of the other regulars told Cannell that Chin Ho had been killed off at the end of the tenth season. This was only discovered after all of Fong's scenes had been shot, and to excise him from the project would have caused delays and overruns in cost. Hoping that CBS executives would not remember the one episode out of hundreds, Cannell screened the pilot.

His son Dennis Chun had a recurring role in the 2010 reboot as HPD Sgt. Duke Lukela. Beginning with the 8th season he was promoted to a series regular.

Death
Kam Fong Chun died from lung cancer on October 18, 2002, at the age of 84.

Filmography

 * Ghost of the China Sea (1958) — Pvt. Hakashima
 * The Lost Missile (1958) — Chinese Officer (uncredited)
 * Cry for Happy (1961) — Chin, Sailor (uncredited)
 * Gidget Goes Hawaiian (1961) — Hotel Night Clerk (uncredited)
 * Seven Women from Hell (1961) — Burly Guard (uncredited)
 * Diamond Head (1962) — Loe Kim Lee (uncredited)
 * Hawaii Five-O (1968–1978) — Det. Chin Ho Kelly
 * Magnum, P.I. (1982–1985) — Kanki / Kam Chung
 * Goodbye Paradise (1991) — Old man Young
 * Hawaii Five-O (1997) — Det. Chin Ho Kelly (final film role)

title: Kam Fong Chun


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User talk:Hagfors

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Have fun improving this encyclopedia! Lupo 21:30, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hagfors


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Waltari

Waltari is a Finnish band from Helsinki known for combining numerous styles, from different metal subgenres such as progressive metal, alternative metal and extreme metal to non-metal styles such as hip hop, pop, industrial, techno, punk and hard rock.

Most of the band's music is written by Kärtsy Hatakka. Finnish metal musicians who started their international career in Waltari include Kreator's Sami Yli-Sirniö, Roope Latvala of Children of Bodom, and Janne Parviainen of Ensiferum.

History
Waltari was formed in 1986 in Helsinki by Kärtsy Hatakka (vocals and bass), Jariot Lehtinen (guitars) and Sale Suomalainen (drums). Sami Yli-Sirniö joined as second guitarist in 1989, a year after the release of their first EP, Mut Hei ("But hey!").

Their first album, Monk-Punk, was released in 1991. As the title suggests, this album was mostly punk. Their next album Torcha! (1992) was the album on which Waltari started blending various musical styles.

After releasing a compilation of early work under the title Pala Leipää ("A Piece of Bread") (1993), the band went on to release So Fine! (1994), an album similar to Torcha!. Their next album, Big Bang (1995) mixes techno with heavy metal.

In 1995, Roope Latvala joined the band, replacing Sami Yli-Sirniö. At this time, Hatakka was working with conductor Riku Niemi on a project combining heavy metal with classical music. This project eventually became known as Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C. The show was performed in 1995, and the album was released in 1996.

In 1997, the band released Space Avenue, a more progressive work containing more electronic drums, as well as a collaboration with Apocalyptica. In 1998, to celebrate their ten-year anniversary, the band released a compilation titled Decade.

In 1999, Kärtsy Hatakka and Waltari were working on yet another metal/classical collaboration, and this gave rise to the stage show Evangelicum (Evankeliumi). This production differed from ''Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die!'' in that it contained music, ballet and a light show. It also featured a new opera singer. The guest vocalist was Tarja Turunen, who was the lead vocalist of the still young band Nightwish. The choreographer was Jorma Uotinen. This show was released in 1999 on DVD. A musical album version of Evankeliumi was not released.

Waltari's next album, Radium Round (1999), featured a strong pop influence. After Radium Round, the band passed out of the public eye, working on less mainstream releases such as the metal / yoik crossover Channel Nordica (2000) and the punk EP Back to Persepolis (2001). However, these releases were very hard to obtain, and for a while Waltari only survived through its live shows. In 2001, the band's old guitarist Sami Yli-Sirniö returned, and Roope Latvala left the band.

In 2004, Waltari released an all-new studio album, Rare Species.

The Blood Sample album was released in 2005. In 2006, "Early Years" was released, a double album presenting remastered versions of the first album Monk-Punk and Pala Leipää, containing additional tracks from the 1980s, never released before and recorded in autumn 2005 by the original trio: Jariot, Kärtsy and Sale.

Waltari released the album Release Date in 2007. This album includes bonus track "Spokebone", a collaboration with Amorphis singer Tomi Joutsen and Finnish ethnic band Värttinä.

Below Zero was released in 2009.

Covers All, a cover album, was released in 2011.

Their album You are Waltari was released on 27 February 2015. A single, "Digging the Alien", was also released as a music video. There was also a video from the second single, "Only the Truth".

Global Rock was released on 20 March 2020.

Current members

 * Kärtsy Hatakka — bass, lead vocals, keyboards (1986–present)
 * Jariot Lehtinen — guitars, backing vocals (1986–present)
 * Sami Yli-Sirniö — guitars, backing vocals (1989–1995, 2000–present)
 * Ville Vehviläinen — drums (2004–present)
 * Kimmo Korhonen — guitars, backing vocals (2009–present)
 * Jani Hölli — keyboards (2014–present)
 * Antti Kolehmainen — guitars, backing vocals (2017–present)

Past members

 * Sale Suomalainen — drums (1986–1990, 2005)
 * Janne Parviainen — drums (1990–2002)
 * Roope Latvala — guitars (1995–2001)
 * Mika Järveläinen — drums (2002–2004)
 * Janne Immonen — keyboards, programming (2006–2014)
 * Nino Silvennoinen — guitars, backing vocals (2013–2017)

Albums

 * Monk-Punk (1991)
 * Torcha! (1992)
 * Pala leipää (compilation, 1993)
 * So Fine! (collaboration with Angelit, 1994)
 * Big Bang (1995)
 * Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! Death Metal Symphony in Deep C (1996)
 * Space Avenue (1997)
 * Decade (compilation, 1998)
 * Radium Round (1999)
 * Channel Nordica (collaboration with Angelit, 2000)
 * Rare Species (2004)
 * Blood Sample (2005)
 * Early Years (double album, remastered + additional tracks; compilation, 2006)
 * Release Date (2007)
 * The 2nd Decade – In the Cradle (compilation, 2008)
 * Below Zero (2009)
 * Covers All (2011)
 * You are Waltari (2015)
 * Global Rock (2020)
 * 3rd Decade - Anniversary edition (re-recording album, 2021)

EPs

 * Waltari (demo) (1988)
 * Roskia/Avfall EP (1989)
 * Mut Hei EP (1990)
 * Aika tuulee EP (1992)
 * Misty Man EP (1994)
 * The Stage EP (1995)
 * Blind Zone EP (1997)
 * Back to Persepolis EP (2001)
 * Not Enough EP (2005)

title: Waltari


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Public transport in Frankfurt am Main

The public transit system in Frankfurt is part of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (abbreviated: RMV) transport network and consists of several carriers who all use the same fare system. Therefore, one ticket is valid for a journey which may include several modes of transit run by different operators. The fares are paid in advance of travel at a ticket vending machine or at the driver on board a bus. There are no turnstiles or other controlling barriers; instead, a proof-of-payment system is used. Plainclothes fare inspectors are employed and carry out random checks to ensure passengers have paid. If found to be travelling without a ticket, then they are required to pay a fine of €60. A single way trip within Frankfurt costs between €1.80 and €2.80, and a journey to the suburbs outside Frankfurt costs between €4.65 and €9.10 approx. There are also some discounts for children for groups or day tickets. A day ticket for traveling within Frankfurt costs €7.

Rapid Transit
Frankfurt itself is the central city of the so-called Rhein-Main Region, and therefore the service caters the large number of commuters who travel to and from the suburbs each day. The suburban rail service is provided by rapid transit trains (S-Bahn). All but one of the lines run together in a single underground section through the city centre, and then go their separate ways at either end. In the suburban sections they are generally double-tracked or share mainline tracks with other regional, long distance passenger and cargo trains.

The trains can be up to 200 m (600 ft) long and have a maximum speed of approximately 140 km/h (90 mph). Electricity supply is provided by overhead wires at the common German railroad voltage (15,000 volts AC).

The normal service interval on each of the lines is 15 or 30 min, but on the central sections a train runs approximately every 2 minutes during rush hour and the S8/S9 runs 24/7.

Frankfurt's rapid transit is very popular because it is fast. It has the added benefit of being very cost-effective for medium-distance lines with high usage.

Trams
There are 9 Tram lines, with trams arriving usually every 10 min. Many sections are served by two lines, combining to give a 5-minute frequency during rush-hour.

The construction of underground railways in the last decade has resulted in the trams losing some of their importance to the city's transport infrastructure. Despite this, two new sections have been constructed in recent years. It is now appreciated that trams are more attractive to the travelling public than buses and cheaper to build than underground railways. Therefore, neighbourhoods with medium transit usage are either currently served by tram routes or will be in future.

Underground

There are 9 Stadtbahn lines known as the U-Bahn.
 * The U1–U3 run from the southern railway station to the north of the city on a common route. They then split and serve Nordweststadt (U1) the town of Bad Homburg-Gonzenheim (U2) and the town of Oberursel (U3)
 * The U4 runs from Bockenheimer Warte, through the fair, the main train station, the city centre to Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main) Seckbacher Landstraße. Since June 2008 every 2nd or 3rd train continues to Schäfflestraße with connection to the U7. This route has been the only line which runs entirely underground, except from the part behind Seckbacher Landstraße.
 * The U5 is a combined tram and underground line heading from Preungesheim to the city centre. There it co-shares four underground stations with the U4.
 * The U6 runs from Heerstraße in the west, to Ostbahnhof (East Station) in the east.
 * The U7 runs from Hausen in the west, to Bergen-Enkheim in the north-east.
 * The U8 and U9 serve a new connecting section between the U2 and U3 northern ends. U8 goes from Riedberg in the new section of track to Frankfurt-Süd sharing the tracks with U1-3. U9 starts from the north at Nieder-Eschbach on the (shared) U2 line and goes along the new track that it shares with U8, then along a short section of U3, and finally connecting to the U1 tracks to Ginnheim in Nordweststadt.

In city centre sections the rail tracks are underground, but run on their own separated section at ground level in the suburbs. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs with a 7.5- to 10-minute frequency which combines to approx 3–5 minutes on the city centre sections served by more than one line.

The trains can be as long as 300 ft (100 m) and have a maximum speed of approximately 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). Cars are equipped with indicators and rear view mirrors and are powered from overhead wires.

There are several extension projects planned for the future, especially proposals to establish a full-fledged underground system. As this would be rather expensive, it will probably not be built in the near future, if at all. Even so, history shows that Frankfurt's underground network has always grown slower than was planned.

Bus
Buses play a minor role in Frankfurt transit since all major routes are served by rail based modes of transportation. There are, however, several cross-town bus routes, especially in the north. Buses are also used as feeder services for the underground lines and operate.

Local trains
Local trains connect Frankfurt with small towns and villages up to a distance of 80 Kilometers. Most local trains have more than one station in the city area of Frankfurt and they also can be used for rides inside the city. Categoriers for local trains in Germany are Regionalbahn (RB) and Regionalexpress (RE).

Ferry
There is only one ferry line in Frankfurt, it runs in the district Hoechst between the stations Frankfurt-Hoechst Batterie" and Frankfurt-Schwanheim Höchster Weg'".

Organisational structure

 * Rapid transit is run by Deutsche Bahn, the national German railroad operator.
 * Light rail and trams are run by the city owned Frankfurt Transit Company (Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt) (abbreviated: VGF).
 * Buses are run by Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt, In Der City Bus, MainMobil Frankfurt, Alpina and Regionalverkehr Kurhessen.

 * The fare structure and distribution between the operators is organised by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund.

Station to change to long distance transport

 * Long distance trains stop at the stations Hauptbahnhof (central station), Südbahnhof (south station) as well as Flughafen-Fernbahnhof (airport/ long distance trains)
 * Long distance busses stop at Fernbusbahnhof Frankfurt am Main (long distance bus terminal) as well as busstation Airport Terminal 2
 * there is no ferry traffic for long distance services
 * The airport can be reached by lines S8, S9 of S-Bahn Frankfurt as well as citybus line 58 (Frankfurt-Hoechst train station - Airport Terminal 2)

Franchises
There are currently [when?] proposals for a shake-up of the way bus services are run. Instead of being operated by Frankfurt Transit Company, the routes could be split into different franchises for which any European bus operator may tender to run. The organisation offering the cheapest proposal would then be given a contract to run that route for several years.

title: Public transport in Frankfurt am Main


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Wing, Rutland

Wing is a village and civil parish in the East Midlands county of Rutland, England. The population was 315 at the 2001 census and 314 at that of 2011. It features a fine church and a labyrinth made of turf. Rutland Water reservoir is nearby.

Heritage
The village name, first found as Wenge in the 12th century, probably derives from the Old Norse vengi, meaning field.

Seventeenth-century houses in Wing were built of stone quarried at nearby Barnack and Clipsham. Many are roofed with Collyweston stone slate.

The Church of St Peter and St Paul, Wing was much rebuilt in 1875, when the spire was removed. Some parts date from Norman times, including the south arcade of about 1150, the slightly later north arcade, and the north doorway.

Maze
Cut into the turf beside Glaston Road is a circular "turf maze" roughly 40 ft in diameter (actually a unicursal labyrinth) It is thought to date back to medieval times, based on the fact that its design is similar to the pavement maze in Chartres cathedral and those at other medieval sites.

Amenities
The remaining public house is the King's Arms. The name of the Cuckoo Inn, closed in 2004, alluded to a legend that the people of Wing once tried to keep spring in the village forever by erecting a fence around a cuckoo to stop it from leaving. Naturally, it flew over the fence and away. As a result, people from the village were known as "Wing Fools". This is actually a widespread story, the best-known version probably appearing among the adventures the Wise Men of Gotham. There is a village hall.

Wing Hall has a camping and caravan site with a shop and café.

A plant outside Wing treats water extracted from Rutland Water reservoir a few miles to the north. Proposals by Anglian Water to raise the volume of water extracted were opposed by the RSPB, fearing that water-level changes would damage adjacent wildfowl habitats.

Medical, legal and other services can be found in Oakham (6 miles, 10 km).

Transport
Wing has one or two daily weekday buses with Oakham. Hourly daytime buses six days a week between Melton Mowbray, Oakham and Corby pass through Manton 1.3 miles (2 km) away. The nearest railway station is at Oakham (6 miles, 10 km), but Corby (11.5 miles, 18.5 km) has hourly services seven days a week to London St Pancras, changing at Kettering (a little over an hour).

Also nearby (1.5 miles, 2.4 km) is the main A6003 road between Kettering and Oakham via Uppingham.

Notable people
In birth order:
 * Thomas Smith (c. 1556–1609), English master of requests
 * Francis Meres (1565–1647), churchman and author, became Rector of Wing in 1602.
 * Sir Charles Vernon Boys, FRS (1855–1944), experimental physicist, was born in Wing.
 * Air Chief Marshal Sir Clive Loader (born 1953), Leicestershire Police and Crime Commissioner, 2012–2016.

title: Wing, Rutland


text:
Percy Avery Rockefeller

Percy Avery Rockefeller (February 27, 1878 — September 25, 1934) was a board director who founded and was vice president of Owenoke Corporation. He is the son of American Businessman William Avery Rockefeller Jr. and the nephew of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller.

Early life
Percy was the youngest son of William Avery Rockefeller Jr. and Almira Geraldine Goodsell. His father was a Standard Oil co-founder along with his uncle John D. Rockefeller. He attended Yale University from 1897 to 1900, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. Rockefeller was manager of the 1899 Yale Bulldogs football team and earned a varsity letter for his efforts.

Board memberships
He was a board director of Air Reduction Company, American International Corporation, Atlantic Fruit Company, Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bowman Biltmore Hotels Company, Cuba Company, Chile Copper Company, Consolidated Gas Company, Greenwich Trust Company, W. A. Harriman & Co. & Brown Brothers Harriman & Company, Mesabi Iron Company, National City Bank of New York, National City Company, New York Edison Company, North American Reassurance Company, National Surety Company, Provident Loan Society, Remington Arms, United Electric Light & Power Company, and Western Union.

Personal life
On April 23, 1901, Percy married Isabel Goodrich Stillman (died 1935). She was the younger daughter of First National City Bank president James Jewett Stillman (now known as Citibank) and Sarah Elizabeth Rumrill. Together, they had: He died on September 25, 1934.
 * 1) Isabel Stillman Rockefeller (1902–1980). She was a bride's maid at the wedding of Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895—1972) and Dorothy Wear Walker (1901–1992).
 * 2) Avery Rockefeller (1903–1986)
 * 3) Winifred Rockefeller (1904–1951)
 * 4) Faith Rockefeller (1909–1960)
 * 5) Gladys Rockefeller (1910–1988)

title: Percy Avery Rockefeller


text:
Chapman

Chapman may refer to:

Businesses

 * Chapman Entertainment, a former British television production company
 * Chapman Guitars, a guitar company established in 2009 by Rob Chapman
 * Chapman's, a Canadian ice cream and ice water products manufacturer
 * Chapman & Hall, a former British publishing house

People and fictional characters

 * Chapman (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters
 * Chapman Mortimer, pen name of Scottish novelist William Charles Chapman Mortimer (1907–1988)
 * Chapman To, Hong Kong actor born Edward Ng Cheuk-cheung in 1972
 * Chapman (occupation), itinerant dealers or hawkers in early modern Britain

Antarctica

 * Chapman Glacier (Palmer Land)
 * Chapman Glacier (Victoria Land)
 * Chapman Hump, a nunatak in Palmer Land
 * Chapman Nunatak, Mac. Robertson Land
 * Chapman Rocks, Hero Bay, South Shetland Islands

Australia

 * Chapman, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra
 * Chapman River, a river in the Mid-West region of Western Australia

Canada

 * Chapmans, British Columbia, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman Settlement, Nova Scotia
 * Chapman Islands, Nunavut

South Africa

 * Chapman's Peak, a mountain on the western side of the Cape Peninsula

United States

 * Chapman, Alabama, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman, Pasadena, California, a neighborhood of Pasadena
 * Chapman, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman, Kansas, a city
 * Chapman, Maine, a town
 * Chapman State Park (Maryland)
 * Chapman, Montana, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman, Nebraska, a village
 * Chapman, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman, Pennsylvania, a borough
 * Chapman State Park, Pennsylvania
 * Chapman Creek, Pennsylvania
 * Chapman Run, Pennsylvania, a stream
 * Chapman, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Chapman Bay, a body of water in Washington
 * Mount Chapman, on the Tennessee-North Carolina border
 * Chapman Avenue, a street in Orange County, California

Antarctica, Canada and the United States

 * Chapman Lake (disambiguation), also includes Lake Chapman
 * Chapman Township (disambiguation)

Schools and school buildings in the United States

 * Chapman University, a private university in Orange County, California
 * Chapman Hall, a building on the University of Oregon campus
 * Chapman High School (Kansas)
 * Chapman High School (Inman, South Carolina)
 * Chapman School of Seamanship, Stuart, Florida
 * Maria Weston Chapman Middle School, a school in Weymouth, Massachusetts

Science

 * 2409 Chapman, a main belt asteroid
 * Chapman (crater), a lunar crater
 * Chapman Medal, a Royal Astronomical Society award

Ships

 * af Chapman (ship), a full-rigged ship in Stockholm, Sweden, now a youth hostel
 * Chapman (1777 ship), a British merchant ship
 * NOAAS Chapman (R 446), an American fisheries research vessel

Other uses

 * Chapman Piloting, a boating reference work
 * Chapman (magazine), a Scottish literary journal
 * Chapman (drink), a non-alcoholic cocktail popular in Nigeria
 * Chapman Museum, Glens Falls, New York, United States
 * Chapman Aerodrome, Yukon, Canada
 * Chapman strut, an automobile suspension device
 * Chapman baronets, three titles, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain, one in the Baronetage of Ireland and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
 * Chapman Stick, a musical instrument
 * Chapman System, a pairs playing format in golf

title: Chapman


text:
RBS

RBS may refer to:

Arts and media

 * Grupo RBS, Brazilian media group
 * RBS TV
 * Republic Broadcasting System (RBS TV), now GMA Network, owned by GMA Network Inc., Philippines
 * Red Band Society, a Fox TV show that aired from 2014-15
 * Real Bout Fatal Fury Special, a fighting game
 * Rolling ball sculpture

Banking

 * The Royal Bank of Scotland, a retail arm of NatWest Group
 * RBS International, the offshore arm of NatWest Group

Education

 * Rotterdam Business School
 * Rutgers Business School
 * Riga Business School

Management

 * Resource breakdown structure
 * Risk breakdown structure

Places

 * Ramat Beit Shemesh, a city in Israel
 * Orbost Airport, Victoria, Australia (IATA: )

Biology and medicine

 * Reduction breast surgery, commonly known as breast reduction
 * Ribosomal Binding Site, in biology
 * Roberts syndrome

Computing

 * Reference Broadcast Time Synchronization
 * Remote backup service
 * Robbed-bit signaling
 * Role-based security
 * Rule-based system

Other uses in science and technology

 * Radio Base Station, in wireless communications
 * Roussin's black salt, a chemical compound
 * Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, an analytical technique

Transport

 * Radar Brake Support, Suzuki's Advanced Emergency Braking System
 * Redundant Braking System, a type of parachute system
 * Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn, Swiss company
 * Reusable Booster System, a United States Air Force research program circa 2010 to 2012
 * Revised British Standard, a bullhead rail profile
 * Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford Line, a railway line in England
 * Orbost Airport, Victoria, Australia (IATA: )

title: RBS


text:
Chappell

Chappell may refer to:

Places

 * Chappell, Nebraska, United States
 * Chappells, South Carolina, United States
 * Chappell (crater) on the Moon
 * Mount Chappell Island, Tasmania, Australia
 * North West Mount Chappell Islet, Tasmania, Australia

Organisations

 * Chappell & Co., English music publisher and piano manufacturer
 * Chappell of Bond Street, historic London music retailer

People

 * Chappell (surname) includes a list of people with the surname
 * Chappell Roan, American singer-songwriter

title: Chappell


text:
Royal Bank

Royal Bank may refer to:

 * Royal Bank (Azerbaijan)
 * Royal Bank of Canada
 * Royal Bank Plaza, headquarters of Royal Bank of Canada in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * Royal Bank of Queensland, a former bank in Australia
 * Royal Bank of Queensland, Maryborough
 * Royal Bank of Scotland
 * Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, a subsidiary of RBC
 * Royal British Bank
 * Royal Canadian Bank
 * Royal Trust Tower, former headquarters of Royal Trustco
 * The Royal Bank, Ghana
 * Banco Real, the Royal Bank of Brazil, a subsidiary of ABN AMRO
 * Banque Royale, the name taken by the Banque Générale of John Law when it was acquired by the French state in 1718

title: Royal Bank


text: User talk:69.57.235.156

title: User talk:69.57.235.156


text:
Talk:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain

Origin of the list of Thirteen Treasures
The Wikipedia reader needs to know, Whose list is this? Where is it found? What's the date of the list? Wetman 21:37, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Some sources-

 * Peniarth 147 (manuscript), dated to the late 16th century C.E.
 * various mediaeval Welsh poems / triads

 * I have this article on my 'to-do' list, so it will be given more details soon. A wonderful secondary source for the original attested mentions of the treasures and the people associated with them is- Trioedd Ynys Prydein, edited and translated by Rachel Bromwich in 1961 (and I think there was a 2nd edition later, if memory serves me correctly). I have it here, and will use it in working on the article. Slainté, →  P . Mac Uidhir  (t)  (c)  18:51, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

I have found a source of this and copied the direct details and added links to it. There was part of the original missing in the former version (section 10) which has been corrected, in addition I have added the reference and further reading. James Frankcom

Treasure
What about the Cauldron of Clyddno Eiddyn this was I thought the most powerful Treasure created by Bel to keep his human wife alive. It was later subsiteded for the Holy Grail in the Arthur stories after Christianstion of the legend--Rhydd Meddwl 22:58, 14 April 2006 (UTC).

 * I've never heard of that before. I think you might be confusing some of the other treasures... where did you get that?--Cúchullain t/ c 07:02, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

http://www.softworx.com/cbobbitt/226novel.htm#a The Winter King.--Rhydd Meddwl 22:27, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's a modern work of fiction. I can't find anything else about that cauldron, I'd imagine it was made up by the author as a plot device.--Cúchullain t/ c 19:05, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Number
There are currently only twelve treasures. What gives?

The Crock and Dish count as two. In all lists I have found I have seen them clumped in such a way. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.210.136.233 (talk) 04:46, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Number
There are currently fourteen/sixteen treasures (depending on how you count 'The X and Y of Z'). What gives?

—38.104.105.146 (talk) 23:51, 28 July 2015 (UTC)

Discrepency
the list has 13 items. with the Crock and Dish already combined; but the notes after say to combine them when another treasure is added. The numbers don't add up. Mastakos (talk) 21:31, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

 * it appears someone added the Mantle as #13 while leaving it (under an alt name) in the next paragraph as one of the extras. It should be removed and the Crock and Dish separated again, since that seems to be the original form. Mastakos (talk) 21:35, 10 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
Fremont High School

Fremont High School may refer to:

United States

 * John C. Fremont High School, Los Angeles, California
 * Fremont High School (Oakland, California), formerly known as Fremont Federation of High Schools
 * Fremont High School (Sunnyvale, California)
 * North Fremont High School, Ashton, Idaho
 * South Fremont High School, St. Anthony, Idaho
 * Fremont High School (Indiana)
 * Fremont High School (Fremont, Michigan)
 * Fremont Senior High School (Nebraska)
 * Fremont Ross High School, Fremont, Ohio
 * Fremont High School (Utah), in Plain City

Other places

 * Fremont High School, now Fremont-Elizabeth City High School, in South Australia

title: Fremont High School


text:
Torsby

Torsby is a locality and the seat of Torsby Municipality in Värmland County, Sweden with 4,049 inhabitants in 2010.

Fortum Ski Tunnel Torsby, the world's longest ski tunnel, is located in Torsby.

There is an airport located near the locality with flights to Stockholm Arlanda Airport

Notable people

 * Football manager Sven-Göran Eriksson and footballer Marcus Berg are both from Torsby.
 * Monica Kristensen Solås, a glaciologist, meteorologist, polar explorer and crime novelist, was born in Torsby in 1950.

title: Torsby


text:
Årjäng

Årjäng is a locality and the seat of Årjäng Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 3,228 inhabitants in 2010. It is located around 30 km from the Norway-Sweden border and on the road between Karlstad and Oslo. In 1540 Årjäng was spelled Argenge. This word has an Old Swedish genitive case of å, meaning river, which refers to the Silbodal river. The morpheme genge refers to a crossing over the river.

Antiquity
Ancient findings show that Årjäng Municipality has been inhabited for a very long time. Ceramics, burnt animal bones and flint objects have been found nearby, dating back to 3500-3000 B.C.

Medieval
In the 11th century the domains regarding what is now part of Årjäng Municipality was called Nordmarken. The belief of natural beings like giants, trolls, scrubbers and elves was rooted in the inhabitants of this time period. Around the 12th century Christianity slowly took hold among the people, and churches were soon built.

Climate
The border region surrounding Årjäng has a borderline oceanic/continental climate in recent decades, although in previous decades such as the 1961-1990 it was even cold enough to be classified as mild subarctic. The nearest weather station is in Blomskog, located within the woods at a similar altitude somewhat farther south.

Tourist attractions
Årjängstrollet located downtown was created by artist Erik Hermansson, the creation of the troll was inspired by Thore Skogman's fairytale about trolls in Årjäng.

A "sculpture walk" can be experienced from Årjäng central to Kyrkerud art school; a walk for experience and recreation.

Horse trot racing is an established sport in Årjäng, it is the highlight every year to hold the race "V75" at Årjängstravet.

Båstnäs Car Cemetery has become a cultural meeting point for artists and photographers; a monument to an earlier era of automotive history.

Famous people from Årjäng

 * Anders Lindbäck, priest and serial killer, active in Årjäng (Silbodal).
 * Victor Sjöström, famous director and actor.
 * Per-Gunnar Anderson, professional rally driver.

Churches
Årjäng is part of Silbodal parish. The Silbodal church is found in the southern parts of the village.

title: Årjäng


text:
Säffle

Säffle is a locality and the seat of Säffle Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 9,150 inhabitants in 2016.

In 1951 the town of Säffle was officially awarded City status, the last place for this to occur in Sweden. This was abolished in 1971 and Säffle is now the seat of the much larger Säffle Municipality.

History
Säffle's main growth as a town took place after the building of a canal in 1837 which allowed boats to safely bypass a section of turbulent water and rapids in the Byälven river.

In 1879 the railway came, linking Säffle with both the west and east coasts, the capital Stockholm and the busy port of Gothenburg. This enabled Säffle to transport her wood products and the village soon became a thriving town.

In 1882 Säffle had a population of 700 inhabitants. Today, Säffle municipality has 16,077 inhabitants (1 January 2005).

According to legend, the Viking Olof Trätälja settled and lived in Säffle. Streets, churches, and a lot of other places are named after him.

Cultural references
Most parts of the Kanal 5 reality series Lite sällskap, hosted by Swedish comedians Filip Hammar and Fredrik Wikingsson were recorded in Säffle.

Sports associations

 * Säffle Hockey Club - Ice hockey
 * SK Sifhälla - football
 * Säffle FF - football

Art & museum

 * Viking Trail Society
 * The Viking center of Värmland - The Viking museum outside Säffle

Trade & industry
The economy of Säffle is largely based on industry. Säffle has continued to grow as the pulpwood industry has expanded in Sweden. The pulp mill in Säffle has been a major driving force in the local economy.

In the early 19th Century there was also a brickworks in Säffle, which supplied the town with facing bricks. This you can see on all of the buildings from this period in central Säffle.

The biggest companies in Säffle today are:

SOMAS

Nordic Paper Seffle AB

Säffle Karosseri / Volvo Buses

BTG

CCI

MOELVEN

Famous people from Säffle

 * Gunnar Andersson, football player
 * Daniel Carlsson, rally driver
 * Anders Jacobsson, member of the gothic/doom metal band Draconian
 * Johan Ericson, multinstrumental musician member of Draconian, Doom:VS and Shadowgarden
 * Annichen Kringstad, orienteer
 * Daniel Arvidsson, musician, member of Draconian
 * Esaias Tegnér, writer and bishop
 * Tina Thörner, rally co-driver
 * Lars-Erik Torph, rally driver

title: Säffle


text:
Storfors

Storfors is a locality and the seat of Storfors Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 2,337 inhabitants in 2010.

Storfors specialises in the manufacturing of heavy wall pipes in standard and special grades for large project business in the oil, gas and chemical industries. The mill at Storfors is equipped to manufacture pipe from plate up to 35 mm thick, in sizes from 139.7mm OD up to 1626 mm.

Storfors Municipality is also the home of the Lundsbergs boarding school.

title: Storfors


text:
Kristinehamn

Kristinehamn is a locality and the seat of Kristinehamn Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden, with 24,053 inhabitants in 2022.

Geography
Kristinehamn is situated by the shores of lake Vänern where the small rivers Varnan and Löt drain into the lake. It has a harbour and is a railroad and road transportation center. Nearby towns include Karlskoga and Karlstad and are located exactly in the middle of Oslo, Stockholm and Gothenburg with 250 km to each of them.

History
The location has had a resident population for centuries, at least since the Stone Age. The town was then built alongside the bridge over river Varnan. Its name was Broo (or Bro) until 1642, and "Bro" literally means "Bridge" in Swedish.

Kristinehamn got a royal charter for the first time in 1582 but lost it in 1584, and regained it in 1642, and changed its name in honour of the monarch Queen Christina of Sweden. It thus qualifies as one of Sweden's historical cities. Its city arms were designated with a bojort, which is a Dutch ship in use in the 17th century.

Sites of interest

 * By the shores of lake Vänern stands this 15 meter high Pablo Picasso statue at 59.27328°N, 14.05152°W since 1965. The statue was designed by Picasso, but built and inaugurated without him visiting the construction site. Picasso never visited Kristinehamn. Its 15 meters make it the second tallest Picasso Sculpture in the world, after the Chicago sculpture that is 15.2 meters tall.
 * The oldest runestone in the county of Värmland, the Järsberg Runestone with origin back to 500 AC, is located about 1 km outside the town of Järsberg. The latest interpretation of the runes was made by Sven B. F. Jansson (1906-1987). Quotation: "My name is "Ljuv". My name is "Ravn". Me "Eril" am making the runes". A pearl from the same period of time has been found in the area.
 * Kristinehamn Church (Kristinehamns kyrka) was designed by professor Carl Georg Brunius (1793–1869) and was first opened in 1858. The church also has a museum in the sanctuary gallery that is worth a visit because of its unique architecture.

Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Kristinehamn:

 * IFK Ölme

Notable people

 * Bror Beckman (1866–1929), composer and principal of the Royal College of Music, Stockholm.
 * Bo Christian Larsson (1976-), an artist who works mostly with large-sized drawings, installations, and performance art.
 * Torsten Palm (1947-), former Formula One driver.
 * Tom Trana (1937–1991), rally driver

title: Kristinehamn


text:
Munkfors

Munkfors is a bimunicipal locality and the seat of Munkfors Municipality in Värmland County, Sweden with 3,054 inhabitants in 2010. It is also partly located in Hagfors Municipality.

title: Munkfors


text:
Hagfors

Hagfors is a locality and the seat of Hagfors Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 10,125 inhabitants in 2010.

Its history is traced to 1873, when it was decided to build two blast furnaces at the location.

The town of Hagfors used to play host to the Swedish Rally, a car rally, every February, which provided a significant annual economic windfall for the region.

Hagfors was one of the last places in Sweden to receive the formal title of a city, when it was detached from Norra Råda in 1950. The designated coat of arms was a tribute to the furnaces. At that time the town had 6,501 inhabitants. Today it is the seat of the much larger Hagfors Municipality, but is not an administrative entity of its own.

Climate
The Hagfors area has a subarctic climate due to the area's cool nights. The official weather station is located in Gustavsfors, a rural locality 13 km to the north at a similar altitude. The climate type is very unusual for subarctic climate since summer days are warm in combination with winter average highs being just below freezing with lows only being around -10 C. Cold extremes are frequent for such a southerly area, with an all-time low of -42 C being unique for a Swedish area just north of 60 degrees latitude. It being a subarctic climate is a result of the low September night temperatures. Given that Gustavsfors is located somewhat north and Hagfors being a little bit more urban, it is quite possible that the locality just reaches the continental threshold that would require 10 C September mean temperatures. In terms of the official reference period of 1961-1990 however, the area is firmly subarctic.

Transportation
Hagors airport is located at the town's border. There are flights with Amapola Flyg to Stockholm Arlanda and Torsby airports.

Sport and recreation
Valsarna are a motorcycle speedway club from Tallhult, who compete in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship. Their home track is at the Tallhult Motorstadion which is located to the North of Hagfors on the road to Geijersholm. They are twice league champions of Sweden.

Notable people

 * Sebastian Eriksson (born 1993), rallycross driver
 * Stefan Erkgärds (born 1985), professional ice hockey player

 * Monica Zetterlund (1937 - 2005), renowned jazz vocalist

title: Hagfors


text:
Forshaga

Forshaga is a locality and the seat of Forshaga Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden, with 6,229 inhabitants in 2010.

Industry
The municipality has more than 850 small and medium-sized companies across a broad spectrum of industries. A number of them are active in dental technology and in the care and rehabilitation of youths.

Forshaga municipality is the largest employer with about 950 employees. The largest private company in Forshaga is Stora Enso which has about 100 employees. Stora Enso is active in the paper industry and a member of the regional company cluster Paper Province.

Notable natives

 * Stefan Holm, high jump Olympic champion in 2004.
 * Sten Tolgfors, Swedish Minister for Defence in the Reinfeldt Cabinet (2007–2012)
 * Nisse Nilsson, Swedish ice hockey player.
 * Vomitory, Swedish brutal death metal band.

title: Forshaga


text:
Filipstad

Filipstad is a locality and the seat of Filipstad Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden, with 10,644 inhabitants in 2019.

Filipstad was granted city privileges in 1611 by Charles IX of Sweden, who named it after his son Duke Carl Philip (1601–1622; younger brother of Gustavus Adolphus).

After a major fire destroyed forest and town in 1694, Filipstad lost its privileges, as it was believed the remaining forest would not be sustainable if the town were to be rebuilt. In 1835 the rights were regranted. The local government acts of 1862 made the very privileges obsolete, but the title stad (city) remained in use until the municipal reform of 1971. Since then Filipstad is the seat of the larger Filipstad Municipality. Filipstad is, despite its small population, for historical reasons, normally still referred to as a city. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities.

At Filipstad, there is Klockarhöjdenmasten, a 330 metres tall guyed mast used for FM/TV-broadcasting.

Wasabröd, the largest crisp bread manufacturer in the world, has one of its two factories in Filipstad, the other being in Celle, Germany.

Notable natives

 * Nils Ferlin, poet
 * John Ericsson, inventor
 * Nils Ericsson, engineer
 * Magnus Norman, tennis player
 * Edvin Kallstenius, composer
 * Anders Forsbrand golf player
 * Rasmus Asplund Hockey Player for Buffalo Sabres

title: Filipstad


text:
Arvika

Arvika is a locality and the seat of Arvika Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 14,244 inhabitants in 2010.

Geography
The town of Arvika is situated at Kyrkviken, a bay of Glafsfjorden, Sweden's only inland fjord, a remnant of the time following the last ice age (once a fjord of the Ancylus Lake). The town is located approximately 380 km west of Stockholm, 250 km north of Gothenburg, 150 km east of Oslo, and 50 km from the Norwegian border.

The area is hilly with the tallest hill Storkasberget close to the town centre.

Arvika and its surroundings have excellent water infrastructure. In fact, Arvika has the innermost harbour in the whole of Sweden. Through a system of canals, lake Vänern can be reached, and from there the Göta Canal allows further passage to Gothenburg and Sweden's west coast.

History
Ten kilometers west of the city, in Bergs Klätt, there are remnants of a younger Stone Age and Nordic Bronze Age settlements in the form of graves.

The town was a village until 1811 when it was given town privileges by royal charter under the name Oscarsstad in order to improve the economy of the area. This attempt was unsuccessful, and the town privileges were repealed in 1821 and the town was instead given the status of köping (township) and renamed Arvika. The town privileges were reinstated at the founding centennial in 1911, and the name Arvika remained. The city status is now obsolete, but Arvika is since 1971 the seat of the larger Arvika municipality.

The church Mikaelikyrkan is from 1647, and the church in the centre, Trefaldighetskyrkan, is from the same year as the town, 1911.

Industry
Arvika has several heavy industrial production facilities which employ the majority of the population, among these Thermia, Volvo Construction Equipment (Wheel loaders), Arvika Gjuteri (nodular and grey iron foundry) and Coffee Queen, a coffee machine factory.

Culture
Arvika is known for the turn of the century (around 1900) artist commune Rackstad just outside the city. Here, several famous Swedish artists lived and worked, the most well-known probably being Christian Eriksson and Gustaf Fjæstad and his wife Maja Fjæstad. Other talents that lived in Rackstad include Björn Ahlgrensson and Fritz Lindström. Arvika is also home of NHL player Jacob De La Rose, drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in 2012.

The Arvika Festival (since 1992) was the biggest annual event in the area, with several international bands visiting the town during three days in July every summer. In recent years such bands as Einstürzende Neubauten, Hot Chip, Robyn, The Knife, Ministry, New Order, Kraftwerk and Franz Ferdinand have performed here. The 2009 festival was headlined by Depeche Mode, Nine Inch Nails, Röyksopp and Korn and was the biggest edition of the festival ever.

One of the six university colleges of music in Sweden, Ingesund College of Music, a department of Karlstad University, is situated in Arvika.

Twin towns — Sister cities
Arvika has three twin cities:

Climate
Arvika has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) that borders being subarctic (Dfc) using the official reference period 1961-1990. It has partial maritime influence, but retains its classification due to cool nights throughout the year courtesy of its inland position with less maritime influence than the Värmland capital of Karlstad on Lake Vänern. The highest recorded temperature since the weather station's inception in 1945 is 33.9 C on August 7, 1975, and the lowest is -38.0 C from February 9, 1966.

title: Arvika


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Sybil Ludington

 Sybil (or Sibbell) Ludington (April 5, 1761 – February 26, 1839) was an alleged heroine of the American Revolutionary War, though modern accounts dispute this. On April 26, 1777, at age 16, Ludington, the daughter of a colonel in the Colonial militia, Henry Ludington, is said to have made an all-night horseback ride 40 miles to rally militia forces in neighboring towns after the burning of Danbury, Connecticut, by British forces.

Accounts of Ludington's ride are based on a brief mention in 1907 memoirs about her father, published privately by his grandchildren. A 2015 report in The New England Quarterly says there is little evidence backing the story, and whether the ride occurred has been questioned since at least 1956.

Relatively unknown through the 1870s, Ludington's story gained recognition around the time of World War II, after New York State was convinced to place historic roadmarkers in locations she was speculated to have visited on her ride. The myth grew thereafter, from memorial statues honoring her, to books being written about her, culminating with being honored on a United States Bicentennial postage stamp that was released on March 25, 1975, which depicts her on a horse.

Early life, family and death
Ludington was born on April 5, 1761, in Fredericksburg, New York. She was the first of 12 children of Abigail and Henry Ludington, a gristmill owner. According to his relatives, Sybil's father had fought in the French and Indian War, and volunteered to head the local militia during the Revolutionary War.

At the age of 23, in 1784 Ludington married Edmond Ogden. They had a son named Henry in 1786. In 1792, the family settled in Catskill, and Ogden died in 1799. In 1811 Ludington moved to Unadilla, New York.

Ludington lived in Unadilla until her death on February 26, 1839, at the age of 77. She was buried near her father in the Patterson Presbyterian Cemetery in Patterson, New York. Her tombstone shows a different spelling of her first name.

Ludington's ride
Accounts that did not emerge until the 20th century, about her alleged 18th century ride, recognize Ludington as a heroine of the American Revolutionary War.

Historical accounts
Accounts originating in the 20th century, from the Ludington family, say Sybil played an important role during the British raid on Danbury.

According to the story printed 140 years after the alleged feat, on April 26, 1777, then 16-year-old Sybil Ludington rode 40 mile from her hometown in Fredericksburg, New York (near Danbury, Connecticut) through Putnam County, New York, to rally approximately 400 militiamen under the command of her father, Colonel Henry Ludington, as British troops were burning Danbury, where the Continental Army had a supply depot. Troops from New York and Connecticut rallied to engage the British the next day in the Battle of Ridgefield, and the British retreated.

A brief mention of Ludington's ride was published by his grandchildren in 1907 as part of Ludington's father's memoirs. Modern accounts say Ludington was congratulated for her heroism by General George Washington; more recent scholarship has raised doubt that the ride even took place.

Research history
A 2022 Smithsonian magazine article written by Abigail Tucker states that the earliest known record of the 1777 account of Ludington's ride came in 1854 from Sybil's nephew, Charles H. Ludington, who sought to have his aunt recognized as a hero. Ludington was included in an 1880 book about the New York City area by local historian Martha Lamb. A brief later reference appeared in the 1907 memoirs written by Willis Fletcher Johnson about Sybil's father and published privately by his grandchildren.

Tucker states that letters written by Ludington herself do not mention the ride. Accounts vary as to whether she rode bareback or sidesaddle, what the name of the horse was, and how her name was spelled (Sybil, Cybal, Sibyl, Sebil, Sybille, or Sibbell).

In 1838, Ludington asked for a pension based on her husband, Ogden, having fought in the Revolutionary War, but she could not prove that she was married to him. According to Paula Hunt, writing in The New England Quarterly journal, "None of the sworn affidavits attesting to Henry Ogden’s military service and the legitimacy of Sybil's marriage mentioned her ride, nor did she attempt to claim it as justification for a pension."

Lamb stated that her account relied on sources including letters, sermons, genealogical compilations, wills, and court records to document details. She cites no sources, nor provides documentation of the ride. Hunt suggests the account may have been told to Lamb by Ludington's descendants.

Owing partly to a lack of contemporary accounts, Hunt raises questions about the events. She writes that neither of the original publications about the ride "had offered any information about Sybil's course", and the purported route was devised speculatively by the project managers who later installed historic markers, a "relatively inexpensive but increasingly popular means for states and localities to promote tourism". The installation of the historic roadside markers beginning in 1934 – although based on speculative locations according to Hunt – led to publications that propelled Sybil to the status of a heroine by 1937, and the publication of a 1940 poem about her brought the story to a national audience. Doubts about the story had been raised as early as 1956; contrasting it to the Betsy Ross story, Hunt cites Henry Noble McCracken's, ''Old Dutchess Forever! The Story of an American County'' and two New York news articles from 1995, writing that:"In Sybil's case, the state-sanctified historical roadside markers, statue, and postage stamp celebrating her ride, and the many books and newspaper and magazine articles that retold her story, had created an aura of authority that effectively dispelled any intermittent bouts of skepticism."

Hunt has provided a history of how the Ludington story has been portrayed in the media and literature, and in efforts to promote tourism. Pollak wrote in 1975 in the New York Times that "Many children's books treat the account as historical fact", although the Putnam County Historian indicated there was "no solid evidence that Sybil actually made the ride". Hunt states that many popular details were fiction, such as the horse named Star, the stick she held, and the distance of 40 miles. Hunt states that the two accounts of Ludington's ride were not mentioned in any other significant history produced in the same era, and that even as stories of heroic women of the colonial era proliferated by the 1870s, the only published accounts of Ludington were Lamb's and Johnson's. She writes: "Sybil's ride embraces the mythical meanings and values expressed in the country's founding. As an individual, she represents Americans' persistent need to find and create heroes who embody prevalent attitudes and beliefs."

Contemporaneous sources suggest that the patriot army – and the town of Danbury, Connecticut – were already aware of the approaching British troops, as noted in The New-York Gazette and the Weekly Mercury, May 19, 1777, which stated: "On Saturday, the 26th of April, express came to Danbury from Brigadier General Silliman, advising that a large body of enemy had landed the day before at sun set, at Compo, a point of land between Fairfield and Norwalk, and were marching toward Danbury. Measures were immediately taken."

In 1996, the national Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) said that the evidence was not strong enough to support their criteria for a war heroine, and added a note to an exhibition saying of the ride, "It's a great story, but there is no way to know whether or not it is true." The DAR chapter near her historic home says that her exploit was documented, and it continues to honor her.

Hunt concludes, "The story of the lone, teenage girl riding for freedom, it seems, is simply too good not to be believed."

Legacy and honors
In 1934, New York State began to install a number of historic markers along Ludington's purported route.

A commemorative sculpture by Anna Hyatt Huntington was erected at Lake Gleneida near Carmel, New York, in 1961. Smaller versions of the statue are at the Daughters of the American Revolution headquarters in Washington, D.C., the public library in Danbury, Connecticut, and at Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina.

In 1975, Ludington was honored with a postage stamp in the "Contributors to the Cause" United States Bicentennial series. The National Rifle Association of America instituted the Sybil Ludington Women's Freedom Award in 1995.

Composer Ludmila Ulehla wrote the 1993 chamber opera Sybil of the American Revolution based on the story of Ludington's ride. In 2014, Ludington was featured on the American Heroes Channel documentary American Revolution: Patriots Rising. The movie Sybil Ludington: The Female Paul Revere was produced in 2010.

title: Sybil Ludington


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Mezzoforte (band)

Mezzoforte is an instrumental jazz-funk fusion band from Iceland, formed in 1977.

They signed a record deal with Icelandic label Steinar. Their biggest hit single was "Garden Party" (1983), taken from their fourth album (second international release) Surprise Surprise. It peaked at number 17 in the UK Singles Chart. The solo that takes place two minutes into "Garden Party", was created and played on the flugelhorn by English trumpeter, Stephen Dawson. "Garden Party" was later covered by Herb Alpert, at a slower speed than the original, apparently as he had learned the track from the single played at the wrong speed. Another single, "Rockall" spent one week at number 75 in the same listing in June that year, and was used as a signature tune by several European radio chart shows.

The band was named after the traditional musical term mezzo forte, an instruction to play literally "moderately loud".

Band members
Original line-up from 1977:

 * Eyþór Gunnarsson (Eyþi) – keyboards
 * Jóhann Ásmundsson – bass
 * Gunnlaugur Briem-Gulli Briem (Gulli) – drums
 * Friðrik Karlsson (Frissi) – guitars

Other members, present and past:

 * Bruno Müller – guitars (2005–present)
 * Sebastian Studnitzky – trumpet & keyboards (2005–present)
 * Thomas Dyani – percussion (2004–present)
 * Jonas Wall – saxophones (2013–present)
 * Ari Bragi Karason – trumpet
 * Staffan William-Olsson – guitars (2003–2004)
 * Joel Palsson – saxophones (2003)
 * Guðmundur Pétursson – guitars (2003)
 * Óskar Guðjónsson – saxophones (1996–2003, 2005–2013)
 * Kåre Kolve – saxophones (1991–1994)
 * Björn Thorarensen – synthesizers (1980–1982)
 * Kristinn Svavarsson – saxophones (1982–1985)
 * David O'Higgins – saxophones (1985–1989, 2002–2004)
 * Jeroen De Rijk – percussion (1984–1986)

title: Mezzoforte (band)


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User talk:J1oakley

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John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley

Edmund John Phillip Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley, (born 20 February 1948), is a British businessman.

He is best known for his role as the chief executive of the energy company BP between 1995 and 2007. This period has been described as the company's "golden period of expansion and diversification". Browne was lauded during this period as he engineered mergers with rival Amoco and ARCO, and gained access to Russian oil reserves with the creation of TNK-BP. Nicknamed the "Sun King" for his management style, he was also praised for transforming the oil and gas industry's approach to climate change, and for creating a renewable and alternative energy business within BP. He resigned from BP in May 2007 in controversial circumstances surrounding his personal life and sexuality.

He is a former president of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2006 to July 2011), and has served on the boards of Goldman Sachs, Intel and Daimler Benz. Since 2001, he has been a crossbench member of the House of Lords. Lord Browne of Madingley is a former partner at Riverstone, where he was co-head of the world's largest renewable energy private equity fund. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Cambridge and later attended Stanford University.

Early life and education
Browne was born on 20 February 1948 in Hamburg, Germany. His father was a British Army officer who later worked for Anglo-Persian Oil (renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) in 1935), which later became British Petroleum. His mother, Paula, was a Hungarian Jewish Auschwitz survivor. Many members of Browne's Jewish maternal family, including his grandparents, were murdered at the Birkenau concentration camp during The Holocaust.

Browne was educated at The King's School (now called King's Ely) and St John's College, Cambridge, where he earned a First Class BA degree in physics. In addition to his degree in physics from the University of Cambridge, he holds an MS degree in business from Stanford University, California.

Career at BP
At the suggestion of his father, Browne joined BP as an apprentice in 1966 while still at university. He remained with the corporation throughout his career.

Between 1969 and 1983, he held a variety of exploration and production posts in Anchorage, Alaska, New York, San Francisco, London and Canada. In 1984 he became group treasurer and chief executive of BP Finance International. In April 1986, he took up the position of executive vice president and chief financial officer of Standard Oil of Ohio in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1987, following the BP/Standard merger, in addition to his position as executive vice president and chief financial officer of BP America, he was appointed chief executive officer of Standard Oil Production Company. In 1989, he became managing director and chief executive officer of BP Exploration based in London. In September 1991, he joined BP's board as a managing director.

He was appointed group chief executive on 10 June 1995 after the British government sold its last remaining stake in the company. Following the merger of BP and Amoco, he became group chief executive of the combined group on 31 December 1998 and served until 1 May 2007. He was one of the most highly paid executives in the UK, with a remuneration package of approximately £5.7 million in 2004.

From 1997, Browne sought to re-brand BP. The company linked itself in its corporate communications with green issues by the overt link of its BP initials with the phrase "Beyond Petroleum". Browne stated that the right to self-determination was crucial for people everywhere, and that he saw his company's mission as to find ways to meet current needs without excessive harm to the environment, while developing future, more sustainable sources of energy. He promised that BP would reduce its own CO2 emissions by 10% by 2010, a target which was achieved nine years ahead of schedule.

An investigation of the fatal explosion at BP's Texas City, Texas, plant on 23 March 2005 that killed 15 workers and injured more than 170 others, resulted in fines and awards being given out for breaches in its health and safety regime.

Resignation
It was announced on 25 July 2006 that Browne would stand down as chief executive of BP in December 2008. There had been press speculation that he had wished to continue beyond this date, but he made it clear that he did not wish to do so. On 6 January 2007, Browne won his first interim injunction against the publication of allegations by his former partner, Jeff Chevalier. Browne later disclosed being "terrified" that his sexuality would be revealed publicly. A week later it was announced that his retirement date had been brought forward to July 2007 and that Tony Hayward would succeed him. In April 2007, after a court case lasting over four weeks, Browne appealed to the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, who ruled that he could not prevent Associated Newspapers from printing allegations about his romantic life and alleged misuse of company funds. Lord Browne resigned from BP on 1 May 2007, and resigned as a non-executive director of Goldman Sachs on 10 May 2007.

At the time he faced allegations that he had supported his partner, Canadian Jeff Chevalier, throughout their four-year relationship, and when Chevalier moved back to Toronto at the end of the relationship, that Browne paid for 12 months of a lease on an apartment. Browne says he felt under pressure to resign due to UK newspaper Mail on Sunday's revelations about his personal life and relationship with Chevalier. As part of a statement made at the time of his resignation, he commented: "In my 41 years with BP, I have kept my private life separate from my business life. I have always regarded my sexuality as a personal matter, to be kept private. It is a matter of deep disappointment that a newspaper group has now decided that allegations about my personal life should be made public."

A court accepted that Browne had lied over how he met Chevalier. In a deposition to the court, Browne said the pair had met in a London park; Browne's associates later acknowledged that he had actually met Chevalier via a website called Suited and Booted. However, Mr Justice Eady, the presiding judge in the case, said he decided not to refer the matter to the Attorney General, seeing disclosure in the judgement of Lord Browne's behaviour as "probably sufficient punishment", and adding Browne's "willingness to tell a deliberate lie to the court, persisted in for about two weeks, ... is relevant in assessing his own credibility and the overall merits. So too is his willingness casually to 'trash' the reputation of Mr Chevalier and to discredit him in the eyes of the court".

BP chairman, Peter Sutherland, characterised claims that company assets and resources had been abused as "unfounded or insubstantive".

Chairman of Cuadrilla
Browne worked as Chairman of Cuadrilla Resources in the early 2010s. He was also a managing partner at Riverstone Holdings, the venture capital firm behind Cuadrilla.

Browne left Cuadrilla in 2015 to become executive chairman of L1 Energy, "an oil and gas firm backed by Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman.

In 2019, Browne said that "fracking in the UK doesn’t make much sense. I think it was a test to see if it worked. We probably don’t need to do it."

Elevation to a peerage and current activities
Browne joined General Atlantic as a senior advisor in 2021 and is co-founder and Chairman of BeyondNetZero, a climate growth equity venture with General Atlantic, targeting investments in companies providing solutions to climate change.

From 2015 to 2021, Browne was appointed executive chairman of L1 Energy, an energy investment vehicle co-owned by Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman. In December 2017, it was reported that Lord Browne of Madingley had led negotiations to create a new joint venture between L1 Energy and BASF, merging their respective oil and gas businesses to create Wintershall Dea, where Browne now chairs the supervisory board.

Lord Browne of Madingley was the UK Government lead non-executive director until January 2015. His remit was to work with Secretaries of State to appoint non-executives to the board of each government department. In April 2021, Browne was appointed co-Chairman of the Prime Minister's Council on Science and Technology.

He was president of the Royal Academy of Engineering from 2006 to 2011. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006. In 1998, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and in 2001 named by the House of Lords Appointments Commission as one of the "people's peers" taking the title Baron Browne of Madingley, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire, and becoming a crossbencher in the House of Lords. In 2000, he was the recipient of the FIRST Responsible Capitalism Award. He was appointed a trustee of the Tate Gallery on 1 August 2007 and chair of the trustees in January 2009. In November 2009, it was announced that Lord Browne of Madingley would chair an independent review into university tuition fees which reported in October 2010. In June 2010, he was appointed as the Government's Lead Non-Executive Director, charged with recruiting business leaders to reformed departmental boards.

In October 2010, it was announced that Lord Browne of Madingley had been appointed chairman of the advisory board at Stanhope Capital as the asset manager gears up for international expansion. The former chief executive of BP will help advise on attracting investment from charities and endowment trusts, which at present make up a small number of the Stanhope's total clients.

He is chairman of the international advisory board of the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford, and chairman of the trustees of the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. He is chairman of the Francis Crick Institute, chairman of the Donmar Warehouse Theatre, and since September 2017 has served as chairman of the Courtauld Institute of Art, following the end of his tenure at Tate. He is also a trustee of the Holocaust Educational Trust.

Lord Browne of Madingley sits on the board of directors of IHS Markit and SparkCognition, and is a member of the advisory boards of Edelman, Schillings, and the big data technology companies Afiniti, Kayrros and Windward. Between 2015 and 2020, he served as non-executive chairman of Huawei UK.

He is the founder and chairman of the John Browne Charitable Trust, which "supports projects that will make a tangible difference to the lives of people with great potential, particularly those from under-represented backgrounds." Over the past 20 years, the trust has distributed more than £2 million.

Publications
Lord Browne of Madingley published his memoirs Beyond Business in February 2010. Seven Elements that Changed the World, an examination of the role of seven scientific elements in history, was published in April 2013. On 17 June 2014 he published The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business, a book discussing the risks and rewards of coming out in business and advocating for a top-down corporate policy of LGBT inclusiveness. Lord Browne of Madingley is said to be the first openly gay CEO of any Fortune 500 company.

 * 1) Beyond Business (February 2010)
 * 2) Seven Elements that Have Changed the World (April 2013)
 * 3) The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business (May 2014)
 * 4) Connect: How companies succeed by engaging radically with society (September 2015)
 * 5) Make, Think, Imagine: Engineering the Future of Civilisation (May 2019)

In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025.

The Browne Review
On 12 October 2010, the report of the inquiry headed by Lord Browne of Madingley was published under the title Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education. The main recommendation of the report was that the current cap of £3,290 on university tuition fees should be lifted thereby allowing such institutions to determine their own fee structure.

Cuts and safety record controversy
Browne is described by journalist and author Tom Bower as responsible for a "ruthless" programme of cost-cutting at BP that compromised safety, and thus the man most responsible for a string of major accidents including the Texas City refinery explosion (2005) and the Deepwater Horizon explosion (2010). Browne has rejected Bower's "unsubstantiated" and "wholly inaccurate" account.

According to The Guardian newspaper, "Browne's reputation was tarnished by a string of accidents in the US which hastened his retirement", and Browne declined to appear in an hour-long BBC2 documentary on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in which Tony Hayward was extensively interviewed, broadcast in November 2010.

Personal life
Lord Browne of Madingley lists 17th- and 18th-century illustrated Italian books, pre-Columbian art, contemporary art, music, opera and the theatre among his interests.

Lord Browne of Madingley lives in Chelsea in London, where his home was created by the British furniture and interiors designer Tim Gosling.

He is a Fellow (FREng) and former president of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2006–2011), a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIMMM), a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP), a Fellow of the Institute of Petroleum (FInstPet), a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a Companion of the Institute of Management (CIMgt), an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (HonFIChemE), a Fellow of the Geological Society (FGS), an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (HonFIMechE), and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (HonFRSC).

Browne has been awarded Honorary Doctorates from Heriot-Watt University (D.Eng.) and Robert Gordon University (D.Tech.), Aston University in Birmingham, University of Dundee (LLD), Warwick University (D.Sc.), Hull University (D.Sc.), Cranfield University (D.Sc.), Sheffield Hallam University (Hon. D Univ), University of Buckingham (D.Sc.), University of Belfast (Hon DSc 0 Eng) and the University of Surrey (Hon D.Univ.), Imperial College, London (Hon D.Sc.), Leuven University, Belgium (D.Sc.), Thunderbird (LLD), University of Notre Dame (LLD), Colorado School of Mines (D.Eng), D Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Arizona State University (DHLitt). He is an Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge and a senior member of St Antony's College, Oxford.

In 1999, The Royal Academy of Engineering awarded him the Prince Philip Medal for his outstanding contribution to engineering. In 2000, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Lord Browne of Madingley kept his homosexuality private for 50 years. He believes homophobia is not just an issue for employees but for companies and business as a whole.

title: John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley