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Richard Fulton

Richard Harmon Fulton (January 27, 1927 – November 28, 2018) was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the Tennessee State Senate and of the United States House of Representatives, and the second mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County.

Personal life
Fulton was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He graduated from East Nashville High School and served in the United States Navy in World War II. After returning from his military service, he entered the University of Tennessee where he played for the Volunteers on the football team. He died on November 28, 2018, at a hospice in Nashville at the age of 91.

State Senate
In 1954, Fulton was elected to the Tennessee State Senate in place of his brother Lyle, who suddenly died from cancer shortly after receiving the Democratic nomination for that post. Fulton was sworn in on January 3, 1955, but because he was only 27, below the minimum age for Senators under the Tennessee State Constitution, the Senate voted unanimously (28–0) to unseat him. Fulton could not serve in the Senate until he was elected in 1956 at the age of 31. He was reelected to the Senate in 1958, then left politics to begin a career in real estate.

Congress
In 1962, he entered the Democratic primary for the Nashville-based 5th Congressional District against incumbent Congressman Joseph Carlton Loser. The election commission initially declared Loser the winner; however, a friend of Fulton successfully filed suit to throw out the primary results after The Tennessean reported corruption at the commission. In the rerun of the primary, Fulton defeated Loser and was victorious in November. Fulton voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He resigned from the House after his election as mayor.

Mayor of Nashville
Fulton served three terms as mayor of Nashville, Tennessee from 1975 until 1987. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for governor in 1978 and 1986. In 1999, he embarked on a comeback mayoral bid where he made it to the runoff election, but then withdrew and endorsed his opponent Bill Purcell.

During his tenure as mayor, Fulton was an influential voice in the development of key downtown streets, Riverfront Park, the Nashville Convention Center, the construction of Interstate 440, the expanded use of the Metro Development and Housing Agency and established 485 acre of parks in the city.

From 1983 until 1984, Fulton served as president of the United States Conference of Mayors.

title: Richard Fulton


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Category:Hindu holy cities

Holy cities for Hindus.

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title: Category:Hindu holy cities


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Borris-in-Ossory

Borris-in-Ossory (, or the 'Burgage of Osraige') is a village in west County Laois, Ireland, close to the Tipperary border and the M7 motorway.

Features
The village has facilities such as a school, churches, community hall, convenience retail outlets and a number of service businesses. The village centre comprises Main Street and includes retail, commercial, institutional, educational and residential functions. Landmark buildings include the Hiberno Romanesque Church of Ireland church of St. Mark, built c.1870, with round tower style bell tower, St. Canice's Church (Roman Catholic), the Ossory of Borris-in-Ossory, and former courthouse. The renovated O’Brien Hall is used as a meeting place for the village's Youth Club and other activities.

Roads
The village is on the R445 road between the towns of Mountrath (13 km east along the R445) and Roscrea (12 km west).

During 2009 a motorway junction was constructed to the south of the village in preparation for the westward extension of the M7 motorway. The M7 bypassed the village on 28 May 2010 at Junction 21.

Buses
The village is served by inter-urban bus links to Dublin, Limerick, Galway, Cork and Carlow, and a town link service connects nearby towns and villages. Long-distance bus passengers were once familiar with Borris-in-Ossory because it served as a refreshment stop, typically 15 minutes at a time.

Rail
Ballybrophy railway station is located approximately 5 km south of the village. The station is on the main Dublin-Cork railway line at its junction with the Limerick–Ballybrophy railway line.

Education
Convent of Mercy National School currently has five classrooms and is currently preparing plans for a new eight classroom school extension. The school was built in 1965.

Religion
Churches in the area include St. Canice's (Roman Catholic) and St. Mark's (Church of Ireland), which are both on Borris-in-Ossory's main street.

Sport
The local Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club is Borris-in-Ossory GAA. The Gaelic playing fields are located 1.5 km to the east of the village. The amenities include a playing pitch, dressing and meeting rooms. In 2011, the village's GAA club team and the nearby Kilcotton team were amalgamated into one team.

Local soccer club, Grange United FC, also cater for the Borris-in-Ossory area. The playing fields are located in nearby village Killasmeestia. The club was revived in 2023 and currently participate in the NTD&L.

People

 * Christy O'Brien (1933–2022), inter-county hurler
 * Brian Stanley (b. 1961), politician
 * J.J. Sheridan (1951–2014), concert pianist, was born in Borris-in-Ossory.

title: Borris-in-Ossory


text: User talk:67.149.79.157

title: User talk:67.149.79.157


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Alaska Senate

The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.

Powers and legislative process
The Alaska Senate shares the responsibility for making laws in the state of Alaska with the Alaska House of Representatives. Bills are developed by staff from bill requests and information from the bill's sponsor. Bills undergo three or four readings during the legislative process. After the first reading, they are assigned to committee. Committees can amend measures or hold legislation and prevent it from reaching the Senate floor. Once a committee has weighed in on a piece of legislation, the bill returns to the floor for second hearing and a third hearing, which happens just before the floor vote on it.

Once passed by the Senate, a bill is sent to the opposite legislative house for consideration. If approved, without amendment, it is sent to the governor. If there is amendment, however, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee to work out differences in the versions of the bill passed by each chamber. Once a piece of legislation approved by both houses is forwarded to the governor, it may either be signed or vetoed. If it is signed, it takes effect on the effective date of the legislation. If it is vetoed, lawmakers in a joint session may override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote (three-fourths majority is required if it is an appropriations bill).

For gubernatorial nominees requiring confirmation, the Alaska Senate sits in joint session with the Alaska House and the two bodies vote together on confirmation, with each representative and senator having one vote.

Committees
Current committees include:

Current composition
Past partisan compositions can be found on Political party strength in Alaska.

Qualifications and terms
Senators must be a qualified voter and resident of Alaska for no less than three years, and a resident of the district from which elected for one year immediately preceding filing for office. A senator must be at least 25 years old at the time the oath of office is taken.

Senators may expel a member with the concurrence of two-thirds of the membership of the body. This has happened only once in Senate history. On February 5, 1982, the Senate of the 12th Legislature expelled Bethel senator George Hohman from the body. Hohman was convicted of bribery in conjunction with his legislative duties on December 24, 1981, and had defiantly refused to resign from his seat. Expulsion was not a consideration during the 2003–2010 Alaska political corruption probe, as Ben Stevens and John Cowdery were the only Senators who were subjects of the probe and neither sought reelection in 2008.

Legislative terms begin on the second Monday in January following a presidential election year and on the third Tuesday in January following a gubernatorial election. The term of senators is four years and half of the senators are up for election every two years.

Leadership
The President of the Senate presides over the body, appointing members to all of the Senate's committees and joint committees, and may create other committees and subcommittees if desired. Unlike many other states, the Lieutenant Governor of Alaska does not preside over the Senate. Instead, the Lieutenant Governor oversees the Alaska Division of Elections, fulfilling the role of Secretary of State. Only two other states, Hawaii and Utah, have similar constitutional arrangements for their lieutenant governors. The other partisan Senate leadership positions, such as the Majority and Minority leaders, are (usually) elected by their respective party caucuses to head their parties in the chamber.

title: Alaska Senate


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Public Schools Battalions

The Public Schools Battalions were a group of Pals battalions of the British Army during World War I. They were raised in 1914 as part of Kitchener's Army and were originally recruited exclusively from former public schoolboys. When the battalions were taken over by the British Army they became variously the 16th (Service) Battalion (Public Schools) of the Middlesex Regiment and the 18th–21st (Service) Battalions (1st–4th Public Schools) of the Royal Fusiliers. However, Kitchener's Army was faced with a dire shortage of officers and so 'young gentlemen'— public schoolboys and university graduates, including many of those who had enlisted in the Public Schools Battalions — were encouraged to apply for commissions. The battalions' depleted ranks were made up with ordinary volunteers (and later conscripts) and although they retained the Public Schools titles, their exclusive nature was doomed. Two battalions remained to serve on the Western Front: the original battalion was all but destroyed on the first day of the Somme. After hard service both battalions were disbanded in February 1918 before the end of the war.

Recruitment
On 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war, Parliament sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the Regular British Army, and the newly appointed Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum issued his famous call to arms: 'Your King and Country Need You', urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. This group of six divisions with supporting arms became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or 'K1'. The flood of volunteers overwhelmed the ability of the army to absorb and organise them, and many of the units were organised under the auspices of local organisations up and down the country. The concept of a 'battalion of pals' serving together originated with the 'Stockbrokers Battalion' of the Royal Fusiliers raised in the City of London and was taken up enthusiastically as the 'Pals battalions'. These local and pals battalions formed Kitchener's Fifth New Army, or 'K5', authorised on 10 December 1914.

One of the most prominent of these units was raised by Major (and self-promoted) Lieutenant-Colonel J.J. Mackay and a committee of businessmen meeting at Harrow-on-the-Hill in Middlesex. They decided to raise a battalion exclusively from former public schoolboys and university men. They established a recruiting office at 24 St James's Street, London SW, and began recruiting on 4 September 1914. Membership was by application only; over 1,500 applications were received including from retired officers who wished to serve in the ranks. Such was the spirit of adventure that many men wished to serve as private soldiers alongside their comrades, rather than as officers. Amongst the recruits were enough former international players for the battalion to field two rugby union and one football team. This became the 16th (Service) Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own), but was often referred to by its members as the 'PSB'.

The volunteers were summoned to Waterloo Station on 15 September and boarded a special train for Kempton Park Racecourse where they were to go into camp and begin their training. Such was the success of the original recruitment drive that four further Public Schools battalions were raised by the Public Schools and University Men's Force of 66 Victoria Street, London, beginning on 11 September. These gathered at Epsom Downs Racecourse and were the battalions that joined the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment).

Training
The battalion was initially issued with blue uniforms and old Long Lee-Enfield rifles due to the shortages of khaki and modern Short Magazine Lee-Enfields (SMLE Mk III). However, a number of the recruits were already familiar with the older rifle from service in their school Cadet Corps. A Regular officer, Lt-Col J. Hamilton Hall, took over command. In January 1915 the battalion was marched to a hutted camp at Woldingham, Surrey, with kit being moved by private cars and hired removal vans. By the end of 1914 the battalion had provided 360 candidates for officer training, many of them replaced by volunteers arriving from different parts of the British Empire. Unfit men were weeded out and posted to the reserve companies, E and F under Maj Mackay (later 24th (Reserve) Battalion see below).

On 10 December 1914 the 16th Middlesex was assigned to 119th Brigade in 40th Division, but the War Office (WO) then decided to convert the K4 battalions into reserve battalions to train reinforcements for the earlier K1–K3 units. So on 27 April 1915 the K5 divisions were renumbered to take up the designations of the K4 formations. The short-lived 40th Division thus became 33rd Division, and 16th Middlesex was in 100th Brigade.

On 1 July 1915 the battalions were formally taken over by the WO and on 9 July the 16th Middlesex moved to Clipstone Camp in Nottinghamshire where all the infantry of the division were concentrated by 13 July. On 3 August they went to Salisbury Plain for final battle training, with 100th Bde at Perham Down.

33rd Division landed in France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in November 1915. Advanced parties of the 16th Middlesex arrived at Le Havre on 14 November and the main body of the battalion left Perham Down on 17 November. In December 33 Division took over the trenches on the La Bassée front from Givenchy to 'Mad Point', just north of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, scene of bitter fighting the previous autumn, but now considered a 'quiet' sector suitable for newly arrived formations to learn the routines of trench warfare. 16th Middlesex was introduced to the trenches by 1st Middlesex of 19th Bde, a Regular Army brigade that had been transferred into 33rd Division to exchange experience

In its first tour of duty at the Annequin North trenches on 2–14 January the battalion suffered its first casualties, losing one officer and 11 other ranks (ORs) killed, with 24 ORs wounded by a single shell. The next tour (27 January–2 February) was responsible for more serious casualties: first the frontline and support trenches were heavily bombarded on 28 January, then the battalion was ordered to carry out a trench raid on 'Mad Point'. Although the raid was cancelled, the patrol sent out that night to reconnoitre suffered casualties. Then when the battalion was in brigade reserve on the night of 3/4 February, it was ordered to make a bombing attack on three craters at Mine Point. D Company (140 men plus 32 battalion bombers) went out but the attack was a failure; a second attempt next night also failed, with mounting casualties. On 16 February the Germans exploded a large mine; a party of 16th Middlesex held the lip of the crater until relieved by 21st Royal Fusiliers (4th Public Schools). On 25 February the public schools battalions were withdrawn from 33rd Division and assigned to GHQ Troops at Saint-Omer while their best men were selected for officers' commissions; 16th Middlesex supplied 250 candidates. The rest of the battalion was then quarantined at Saint Omer due to an outbreak of German Measles, and it was not until 24 April that it entrained for Doullens, made up to strength with raw recruits. At Doullens it joined 86th Bde in 29th Division, replacing an Irish battalion of the Regular Army that could not get enough reinforcements from Ireland.

Somme
29th Division had recently taken over a section of the line in front of Beaumont-Hamel and was preparing for the 'Big Push' (the Battle of the Somme) scheduled for 29 June 1916. The division's objective was to cross 350 yd of open ground and penetrate the German front line to Beaumont-Hamel, taking the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt with the assistance of a large mine. The 16th Middlesex, like other battalions, had to provide working parties to carry away the chalk excavated by the tunnellers. The plan hinged on a five-day artillery bombardment to destroy the enemy trenches and barbed wire. Bad weather obscured the targets, patrols (including one from 16th Middlesex ) reported much of the wire still uncut, and the bombardment was extended for two extra days, with Z day put back to 1 July. The 16th Middlesex was in support, behind the 2nd Royal Fusiliers attacking towards the Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt and the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers advancing from a sunken lane in No man's land towards The Copse a few hundred yards further north. Controversially, the Hawthorn Ridge mine was blown at 07.20, 10 minutes before Zero hour, which allowed the Germans time to recover before the infantry went 'over the top'. The explosion was caught by cameraman Geoffrey Malins and later shown worldwide in his film The Battle of the Somme.

Before dawn on 1 July 16 Middlesex under Lt-Col Hall moved up to assembly trenches named Cripps Cut and Cardiff Street, where they waited while the first wave went forward into No man's land five minutes before Zero. Both the Royal Fusiliers and Lancashire Fusiliers were caught by a cross-fire of machine guns from the 'Bergwerk' to the right of Hawthorn Ridge and from the Copse, and by the artillery barrage that the Germans laid down on the British start line. The barrage was so intense and the number of returning wounded so great that the second wave, including B and D Companies of the 16th Middlesex, could not leave their trenches until 07.55. A and C Companies followed, but all were caught by the same fire. The 16th Middlesex just about reached the wire in front of the crater, with heavy loss, but could get no further. Malins' film shows a distant group of men, believed to be from the 16th Middlesex, reaching the crater, then retreating in smaller numbers. 16th Middlesex's adjutant, Captain F.S. Cochram, went forward to reorganise the men of B and D Companies in front of the crater, but was wounded. Following up at 09.15, the Newfoundland Regiment in 88th Bde were cut down, and 29th Division's attack was halted, having achieved nothing. Lt-Col Hall worked to reorganise the survivors and bring up the battalion reserve to hold the front trench. Many of the men remained pinned down among the wounded in front of the wire and were taken prisoner later in the day.

The battalion was taken out of the line on 3 July, moving back into billets. Figures vary, but the consensus is that on the First day of the Somme the 16th Middlesex lost 22 officers and about 500 ORs in the attack, among the heaviest casualty lists of the day; only one frontline officer remained of the four companies that had attacked. Many of the men of the 16th Middlesex are buried in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's Hawthorn Ridge Cemetery No 1, close to the mine crater (41 named graves), others are in Auchonvillers Cemetery behind the start line (21 named), and 91 names appear on the Thiepval Memorial to the missing.

29th Division was relieved from duty on 24/25 July and was sent to camp in the Ypres Salient where the battalions were rebuilt and began doing trench duty once more. In October 29 Division returned to the Somme where it did trench duty in the Transloy area while the Somme Offensive continued, but 86th Bde made no further attacks until 28 February 1917, when it assaulted Palz and Potsdam Trenches near Sailly-Saillisel. The objective was to gain observation over the valleys to the north, and to discover whether the Germans were planning a withdrawal. The Regular battalions of the brigade attacked behind a Creeping barrage that moved slowly because of the mud the men had to cross. After a partial success the brigade consolidated the captured trenches.

Arras
In April 29 Division moved north to join in the Arras Offensive, entering the line on 14 April too late to take much part in the First Battle of the Scarpe. It then attacked at the Second Battle of the Scarpe on 23 April with 86th Bde in support for the second phase. A German counter-attack disrupted preparations for the second attack in the afternoon, and although 86th Bde took its objective it was pushed back from part of it to hold 'Shrapnel Trench', where the Lewis guns of B Company held off the last counter-attack until relieved that night. The division went back into the line on 14 May for the final stages of the Arras Offensive. On 30 May 86th Bde attacked to take a trench in front of 'Infantry Hill'. It planned a surprise night attack without preliminary artillery fire, but the attack was postponed and secrecy was compromised. When the attack went in the following night, the Germans saw the attackers leaving their trenches in the moonlight and brought down defensive artillery fire. Most of the attack broke down, but a party of 16th Middlesex succeeded in getting into the enemy trench. However, they could not be reinforced and were forced to surrender next morning.

Ypres
In July the division was transferred north to take part in the Third Ypres Offensive, and the battalion went into the line on 9/10 August. The following night three platoons of A Company and three from the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers advanced under a 'pocket barrage' to push outposts across the troublesome Steenbeck stream (which had halted earlier attacks) and take Passerelle Farm. This was successful, but had to be repeated the following night to secure the farm. The battalion was relieved on the night of 12/13 August, having lost two officers and 30 ORs killed and three officers and 83 ORs wounded during this short tour of duty.

86th Brigade was in support for the division's attack at the Battle of Langemarck on 16 August, and 16th Middlesex was not called upon. However, that night the battalion moved forward to take over the line and the commanding officer, Lt-Col Frank Morris of the Border Regiment, was killed, only two days after taking command (Lt-Col Hamilton Hall having been promoted earlier). Major J. Forbes-Robertson arrived next day to replace him.

The battalion was present in the line and suffered casualties but did not attack at the Battles of Polygon Wood (26 September) and Broodseinde (4 October). At the Battle of Poelcappelle on 9 October, the battalion was detailed to be a counter-attack battalion for 86th Bde, which reached its objectives by 08.00 without much difficulty. The unused 16th Middlesex then took over the line that night.

Cambrai
On 16 October 29th Division was moved south by rail to train for the great tank attack on the Hindenburg Line (the Battle of Cambrai). The plan was for the division to pass through the attacking divisions of III Corps, advance with the reserve tanks to take the first day's objectives, and then continue the advance next day. Tank–infantry training began at Wailly in early November, and the division began moving into position during the night of 18/19 November.

The attack was launched at 06.20 on 20 November accompanied by a massive artillery fireplan. By 11.30 III Corps had captured nearly all of the enemy's outpost line and battle zone. 29th Division was given permission to advance at 10.15. Four Mark IV tanks of No 9 Section, 3 Company, A Battalion, Tank Corps, had crossed the British start line an hour after Zero and waited under cover for the infantry of 86th Bde to come up. The lead tank then used its Fascine to cross the wide Hindenburg Line front trench and the section followed it over. They silenced machine guns and snipers in Couilet Wood and Marcoing before moving on to Nine Wood, their final objective for the day. 16th Middlesex, leading 86th Bde, followed the tanks to find H Battalion of the Tank Corps already holding the wood. There were still German infantry among the trees, but the battalion suppressed these with the help of No 9 Section. At 13.15 the commander of H Battalion received a receipt for the wood from the infantry, and withdrew to his rallying point. About 16.00 a platoon of 16th Middlesex with one tank captured a bridge across the St Quentin Canal and linked up at Noyelles-sur-Escaut (already entered by the cavalry) with 2nd Royal Fusiliers which had fought its way past Marcoing.

Next day the brigade was unable to advance as planned because the Germans put in a determined counter-attack at 10.30 to recover Noyelles, and for several hours the 16th Middlesex, 2nd Royal Fusiliers and the 18th Hussars were hard pressed, parts of the village changing hands several times in bitter street fighting. With the help of two tanks they succeeded in driving the Germans out entirely by 16.00 and were then relieved in order to go into billets in Marcoing.

After the initial stunning success, the Battle of Cambrai died down in stalemate. 29th Division was set to work turning Marcoing and Masnières into strongpoints. It reported that 29 November was an exceptionally quiet day, but the Germans launched a massive counter-stroke before dawn next day. 16th Middlesex was holding posts at Mon Plaisir Farm and the nearby canal lock bridge; at 07.00 86th Bde called down artillery fire on the approaches to the farm where movement had been detected. Then shortly before 09.00 a frontal attack came in, preceded by low-flying aircraft Strafing the positions, as well as artillery and machine gun fire. Although the British guns supported as best they could, the Germans had broken through the neighbouring brigade and were streaming towards Marcoing and the battery positions in large numbers. The battalion caused halted these attackers with rifle and Lewis gun fire in enfilade at 400–500 yards' range while an improvised flank guard at the canal lock held the Germans and saved the brigade (Captain Robert Gee of the brigade staff won a Victoria Cross for this action). The CO, Lt-Col Forbes-Robertson, sent the adjutant with a party to the brigade ammunition dump on the other side of the canal; they drove off the Germans who were there and saved some of the ammunition. The Germans did not renew their attacks in the afternoon, but 16th Middlesex remained under heavy artillery and machine gun fire; as the Official History relates: '[t]his Battalion bore its ordeal with amazing fortitude, heartened by its commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel J. Forbes-Robertson, who visited all positions in turn even when, blinded by a wound, he had to be led by hand'.

86th Brigade bore the main brunt of the German attacks the next day (1 December). 16th Middlesex drove off strong patrols in the morning, but a furious bombardment began at 14.30. Having been forced into an untenable salient along the canal by the previous day's fighting, the brigade had to be either reinforced or withdrawn, but it was not until 19.00 that word got through to pull out. All the wounded were evacuated and every man was loaded up with ammunition, the rest being dumped into the canal. The withdrawal was completed by 04.00 on 2 December, and the brigade was sent for well-earned rest in Ribécourt-la-Tour while the Germans continued to shell their empty positions at Masnières. The shelling extended to Ribécourt, so the brigade went back further to Trescault to get some peace.

During December 16 Middlesex marched by stages through blizzards to Renty, SW of Saint-Omer, arriving on 18 December, moving to Setques in early January, where they carried out training. The battalion went back into the line on 18 January 1918, holding a series of shellholes near Passchendaele.

Disbandment
By early 1918 the BEF was suffering a severe manpower shortage: roughly one in four infantry battalions had to be disbanded and their surviving personnel drafted to reinforce other units. After its last tour of trench duty from 23 to 26 January the battalion was sent to work on defences at Gravenstafel, where orders arrived to disband the battalion. 16th Middlesex sent drafts to the 2nd, 18th (1st Public Works Pioneers) and 20th (Shoreditch) Battalions of the Middlesex Regiment (in 8th, 33rd and 14th (Light) divisions respectively). Then on 11 February battalion headquarters and the last details (three officers and 58 ORs) went to VIII Corps' reinforcement camp and the battalion was formally disbanded.

24th (Reserve) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment
When the four service companies of the 16th Middlesex went to Clipstone Camp they left the two depot companies (E and F) at Woldingham under the command of Lt-Col MacKay. They later moved to Tring in Hertfordshire and formed into 24th (Reserve) Battalion on 25 September 1915 to supply reinforcement drafts to the parent battalion. It joined 23rd Reserve Brigade at Northampton, moving to Aldershot by May 1916. On 1 September the local reserve battalions were transferred to the Training Reserve (TR) and it became 100th Training Reserve Battalion in 23rd Reserve Bde. It was redesignated as 256th (Infantry) Battalion, TR on 6 September 1917, then transferred to the Royal Sussex Regiment on 27 October 1917 as 52nd (Graduated) Battalion, engaged in progressive training of 18–19-year-olds. Finally, on 8 February 1919, after the Armistice, it became a Service battalion of the Royal Sussex. It was disbanded on 27 March 1920.

18th–21st (Service) Battalions, Royal Fusiliers (1st–4th Public Schools)
The four Public Schools Battalions of the Royal Fusiliers formed at Epsom Downs Racecourse on 11 September 1914:
 * 18th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (1st Public Schools)
 * 19th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (2nd Public Schools)
 * 20th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (3rd Public Schools)
 * 21st (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (4th Public Schools)

Their training experience was similar to the 16th Middlesex and other Kitchener battalions. Like all Kitchener units, there was an initial shortage of experienced officers and NCOs to train the battalions. The commanding officer appointed to the 18th Bn was Lord Henry Scott, former commanding officer of the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Scots, in the Special Reserve. The 20th and 21st Battalions were camped at Ashtead and at Leatherhead in Surrey during the winter of October 1914–March 1915 while the others stayed at Epsom.

From 10 December the four battalions constituted 118th Brigade in 39th Division of K5, but when the K5 divisions were reorganised on 27 April 1915 the brigade was transferred to 33rd (formerly 40th) Division and was renumbered 98th Brigade. By 26 June 1915 the brigade had concentrated at Clipstone Camp in Nottinghamshire and on 1 July the battalions were formally taken over by the WO. All the infantry of the division were concentrated at Clipstone by 13 July and on 3 August they moved to Salisbury Plain for final battle training, with 98th Bde at Tidworth Camp.

Western Front
98th Brigade landed in France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in November 1915, but 18th and 20th Bns were immediately detached on 27 November to join 19th Bde, which had been transferred into 33rd Division to exchange experience (see above). After only a short period learning the routines of trench warfare the 18th, 19th and 21st Battalions were all transferred to GHQ Troops on 27 February 1916 and disbanded on 24 April, when the majority of their personnel were commissioned as officers (see above).

The remaining battalion, 20th (3rd Public Schools), continued serving in 19th Bde. Captain Robert Graves of 2nd Bn Royal Welch Fusiliers, also in 19th Bde, was highly critical of the battalion: 'Their training had been continually interrupted by the large withdrawal of men needed to officer other regiments. The only men left, in fact, appeared to be those unfitted to hold commissions; or even to make good private soldiers'. He claimed that the remaining battalion 'proved a constant embarrassment to the brigade'. One night he visited the front line when an apparent German raiding party was detected: after a flare and a few machine gun rounds had been fired over their heads the 'raiders' surrendered and turned out to be a large patrol from the public schools battalion that had been wandering aimlessly in No man's land. After conscription was introduced in 1916 the special character (good or bad) of the Pals battalions was diluted as the war went on.

Somme
In early July 1916, 33rd Division was sent south from First Army to reinforce Fourth Army fighting on the Somme. It began to move south by train on 10 July and was in Corps Reserve during the Battle of Albert (12–13 July) before part of the division was committed to action during the Battle of Bazentin Ridge on 14 July. 19th Brigade then took part in the Attacks on High Wood: at dawn on 20 July the brigade attacked with two battalions, who forced their way into the wood but came under machine gun fire. 20th Royal Fusiliers, following close behind, cleared the southern part of the objective, but the losses in senior officers led to confusion in the brigade. With fresh support, 20th Royal Fusiliers then reached the northern part after hard fighting, but were driven back to the southern half by high explosive and gas shelling before relief could arrive. Casualties suffered in holding the positions in High Wood under shellfire were heavy.

33rd Division was rested until the night of 6/7 August when it returned to the High Wood sector to carry out engineering preparations for the next attack on 'Wood Lane'. When the attacking brigade launched the assault on 18 August the various engineering aids failed and the brigade was so badly hit that 19th Bde was urgently called up to relieve it before next morning. On 28 October, during the Battle of Le Transloy, the division captured 'Dewdrop' and 'Rainy' trenches, but twice failed against 'Boritska' trench before taking it on 5 November. At this period the 20th Royal Fusiliers was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel W.B. Garnett. Supplies had to be manhandled to the front line across 5000 yd of thick mud. The division then took over a section of line from the French and garrisoned this during the winter.

Arras
33rd Division was engaged in actions against rearguards as the Germans withdrew to the Hindenburg Line in March 1917 in Operation Alberich. It was then put into the line for the Arras Offensive, during which the 19th Bde fought in the First Battle of the Scarpe on 14 April under the command of 21st Division, attempting to push into the Hindenburg Line positions. 20th Royal Fusiliers made a second unsuccessful attempt on the night of 15/16 April. The rest of the division attacked in the Second Battle of the Scarpe on 23–24 April. On 20 May the division made a surprise frontal attack on the battered Hindenburg Line, and made some progress. Casualties were heavy during the operations of April and May, and included the commanding officer of the 20th Royal Fusiliers, Lt-Col L.F. Leader, who was wounded and succeeded by Lt-Col Modera, MC (Lt-Col Garnett, DSO, was now commanding 2nd Royal Welch Fusiliers in the same brigade).

In the summer 33rd Division was transferred to Nieuport on the Flanders coast, where Fourth Army was intended to make an amphibious assault behind the enemy lines and advance up the coast in conjunction with the BEF's Flanders offensive (the Third Battle of Ypres). It arrived on 31 July and spent the next three weeks under shellfire – both high explosive and Mustard gas – and nightly air raids, as well as repelling one serious attack on 19th Bde, but by the end of August it was clear that the BEF was not going to achieve a clean breakthrough, and the units on the coast began to be sent to the Ypres Salient to reinforce the offensive there.

Ypres
Elements of the division went into the line in the Ypres sector during September, and then whole division moved up from reserve and was committed to the Battle of Polygon Wood on 26 September. But the division had to fight off a spoiling attack by the Germans the day before, so its own planned attack was dislocated and limited to recovering lost ground.

In November 1917 the 33rd Division was moved to the north of Ypres to take over the Passchendaele Salient from the Canadians, and spent the winter months taking turns of duty in this, probably the worst area on the Western Front, a sea of mud with no cover, with appalling trackways to traverse to and from the line, and under persistent shellfire, particularly with mustard gas shells.

Disbandment
Like the 16th Middlesex, the 20th Royal Fusiliers was disbanded between 2 and 15 February 1918, when 19 officers and 520 ORs were posted to other battalions, and the remainder sent to VIII Corps' Reinforcement Camp.

28th and 29th (Reserve) Battalions, Royal Fusiliers
When the four Royal Fusiliers Public Schools battalions went to Clipstone Camp their depot companies had remained at Epsom and in August 1915 these were formed into two reserve battalions:
 * 28th (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers – from 1st and 2nd Public Schools
 * 29th (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers – from 3rd and 4th Public Schools

In November 1915 the two reserve battalions moved to Oxford and then in March 1916 to Edinburgh. On 1 September 1916 they became 104th and 105th Training Reserve Bns in 24th Reserve Bde at Edinburgh. 105th TR Battalion was disbanded at Catterick Camp on 14 December 1917, but 104th TR Bn reverted to the Royal Fusiliers on 1 November 1917 as 53rd (Young Soldier) Bn. On 8 February 1919, after the Armistice, it became the 53rd (Service) Bn at Ripon. It was absorbed into the 26th (Service) Bn, Royal Fusiliers (Bankers) on 2 April 1919.

External sources

 * Commonwealth War Graves Commission
 * Great War Forum
 * Landships
 * Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail

title: Public Schools Battalions


text: User talk:68.23.222.199

title: User talk:68.23.222.199


text:
Raúl Mondesí

Raúl Ramón Mondesí Avelino (born March 12, 1971) is a Dominican former politician and baseball player. Mondesí played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 13 seasons, primarily for the Los Angeles Dodgers, and made his MLB debut with them in 1993. He was the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year in 1994, an MLB All-Star, and a two-time Rawlings Gold Glove Award winner. Known for his combination of power and speed, Mondesí twice achieved the 30–30 club. He led MLB right fielders in assists in three separate seasons over the course of his career.

After baseball, Mondesí began a career in politics, gaining election to the Dominican Chamber of Deputies in 2006. In 2010, he became mayor of San Cristóbal in the Dominican Republic, serving a six-year term. In 2017, Mondesí was sentenced to eight years in prison on corruption charges arising from his mayoral tenure.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Mondesí was originally signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers as an amateur free agent in 1988 out of the Dominican Republic. With the Great Falls Dodgers in 1990, he hit .303 with 30 stolen bases and was selected to the Pioneer League All-Star team. In 1991, he played in 21 games with the Bakersfield Dodgers, 53 games with the San Antonio Missions, and 2 with the Albuquerque Dukes hitting .277 with 8 home runs and 18 stolen bases. In 1992, he played 18 games with San Antonio and 35 with Albuquerque, hitting .296. He spent all of 1993 with the Dukes, hitting .280 with 12 homers and 13 steals.

He made his MLB debut for the Dodgers on July 19, 1993, against the Philadelphia Phillies, hitting a single to center field as a pinch hitter in seventh inning against David West for his first major league hit. He hit his first home run, a two-run shot off Bob Scanlan in the 13th inning of a game against the Chicago Cubs on July 31. He returned to the minors after the August 6 games, but was back with the Dodgers for good in September. He appeared in 42 games that season for the Dodgers, hitting .291 with four home runs.

Mondesí made the Dodgers opening day roster in 1994 and played in 112 games, hitting .306 with 16 homers, 56 RBI, and 11 stolen bases. He was selected as the National League Rookie of the Year.

In 1995, he was twice selected as National League Player of the Week (April 30 and July 5), he won the Rawlings Gold Glove Award and was selected to the 1995 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. He flew out to right field in his one at-bat in the All-Star game. He also competed in the Home Run Derby. Overall, he hit .285 with 26 home runs, 88 RBI, and 14 stolen bases. He had two hits in nine at-bats for the Dodgers in the 1995 National League Division Series loss to the Cincinnati Reds. He was two for twelve in the 1996 National League Division Series against the Atlanta Braves, with two doubles.

In 1997, he hit .310 with 30 homers, 88 RBI, and 32 steals becoming the first Dodger player in history to join the 30–30 club. He also won his second Rawlings Gold Glove Award and finished 15th in voting for the National League Most Valuable Player Award. In 1999, he again joined the 30–30 club with 33 homers and 36 steals, though his average had dipped to .253.

Toronto Blue Jays
On November 8, 1999, Mondesí was traded by the Dodgers (along with Pedro Borbón Jr.) to the Toronto Blue Jays for Shawn Green and minor league player Jorge Nunez. He only played in 96 games during his first season in Toronto after he tore ligaments in his right elbow during a game on July 21, which required season-ending surgery. He played two and a half seasons with the Blue Jays, playing in 320 games and hitting 66 home runs. He won the American League Player of the Week Award for the week of May 6, 2001.

New York Yankees
Mondesí was traded by the Blue Jays to the New York Yankees on July 1, 2002, for Scott Wiggins. He played in 71 games for the Yankees that season and another 98 in 2003, hitting .250 with 27 home runs and 92 RBI. He had 3 hits in 12 at-bats for the Yankees in the 2002 American League Division Series against the Anaheim Angels.

Arizona Diamondbacks
The Yankees traded Mondesí on July 29, 2003, to the Arizona Diamondbacks for David Dellucci, Bret Prinz and minor leaguer John Prowl. In 45 games with the Diamondbacks, he hit .302 with eight home runs.

Pittsburgh Pirates
Mondesí signed as a free agent with the Pittsburgh Pirates on February 24, 2004. By May he was talking of leaving the team for personal reasons, involving a legal dispute, in the Dominican Republic. He left the team on May 11, 2004, and his contract was terminated a week later.

Anaheim Angels
The Anaheim Angels signed Mondesí on May 30, 2004. The deal was investigated by Major League Baseball, but the Angels were cleared of any wrongdoing. Shortly after Mondesí signed with the Angels, he tore his quadriceps and was placed on the disabled list. He was released by the Angels in July for not showing up for his rehab therapy.

Atlanta Braves
The Atlanta Braves signed Mondesí in 2005; he appeared in 41 games with the team before the Braves released him on May 31.

Career statistics
In 1525 games over 13 seasons, Mondesí recorded a .273 batting average (1589-for-5814) with 909 runs, 319 doubles, 49 triples, 271 home runs, 860 RBI, 229 stolen bases, 475 walks, .331 on-base percentage, and .485 slugging percentage. Defensively, although primarily a right fielder, he posted a .976 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions.

Post-baseball career
In May 2006, running on the ballot of the Dominican Liberation Party, Mondesi was elected to a seat in the Dominican Republic's Chamber of Deputies, representing his home province San Cristóbal. In November 2007, he switched sides, aligning himself with the Dominican Revolutionary Party after discrepancies with the government over humanitarian aid to be given to his province after Tropical Storm Noel. He was elected mayor of his hometown on May 16, 2010, for a six-year term.

In September 2017, Mondesi was sentenced to eight years in prison and ordered to pay a $1.3 million fine for corruption and mishandling of public funds during his term as mayor of San Cristóbal. In 2024, Mondesi was re-sentenced to a term of six years and nine months imprisonment. As he had been under house arrest, the sentence was considered served.

Personal life
Mondesí's son Adalberto Mondesí (formerly known as Raul Mondesí Jr.) is also a professional baseball player. He made his MLB debut for the Kansas City Royals in the 2015 World Series.

title: Raúl Mondesí


text:
Alaska House of Representatives

The Alaska State House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of approximately 17,756 people per 2010 census figures. Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 representatives, the Alaska House is the smallest state legislative lower chamber in the United States. The House convenes at the State Capitol in Juneau.

Powers and process
Members of the Alaska House of Representatives are responsible for a portion of the process of making and amending state law. The first step of the legislative process is filing a bill by giving it to the chief clerk of the Alaska House of Representatives. The chief clerk will then assign bills a number.

Bills are introduced and read the first time with the number, sponsor or sponsors, and the title of the bill and then referred to a committee(s). Committee chairs can choose whether or not hear a bill and committees can vote to approve a bill in its original form or make modifications through a committee substitute. Once bills or substitutes are approved, the legislation is referred to the next committee of assignment or to the Rules Committee, which can further amend the bill or assign it to the daily floor calendar.

Once a bill is scheduled on the floor, it appears on the calendar in Second Reading. The bill is again read by number, sponsor or sponsors, and title along with the standing committee reports. A motion is made on the floor to adopt any committee substitutes. Amendments can also be offered and voted on. Third Reading is where the motion is made to vote on the bill.

Senate action
After final passage in the Alaska House of Representatives, a bill is engrossed and sent to the Alaska Senate to go through the same process of introduction, committee referral and three readings. Likewise, bills that have been approved on Third Reading in the Alaska Senate are engrossed and sent to the Alaska House of Representatives.

Enrollment or conference
When a bill is not modified in the second house, it can be sent to the governor on Third Reading, through enrollment. If the bill is modified, the house of origin must vote to accept or reject amendments by the opposite house. A Fourth Reading, in the case of acceptance, will send the bill to the governor, through enrollment. If amendments are rejected, the bill can be sent to conference, where members of the Senate and House hash out a final version and send it to a Fourth Reading in both houses.

Governor and veto override
The governor can choose to sign or veto the legislation. In the case of the veto, a two-thirds majority of a joint session can override the veto. An appropriations bill requires a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session to override a veto. If signed or approved by a veto override, the legislation becomes law.

Terms and qualifications
State representatives must be a qualified voter and resident of Alaska for no less than three years, and a resident of the district from which elected for one year immediately preceding filing for office. A state representative must be 21 years of age at the time the oath of office is taken. The Alaska House of Representatives may expel a member with the concurrence of two-thirds of the membership of the house.

Legislative terms begin on the second Monday in January following a presidential election year and on the third Tuesday in January following a gubernatorial election. State representatives serve for terms of two years.

Leadership
The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the full House through the passage of a House Resolution. In addition to presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the chief leadership position, and controls the flow of legislation and committee assignments. Other House leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses relative to their party's strength in the chamber.

Current composition
The 23-member majority caucus consists of 20 Republicans, 1 Independent and 2 Democrats from the Bush Caucus. The 16-member minority caucus consists of 11 Democrats, 4 Independents and 1 Republican. Representative David Eastman is not a member of either caucus.

Past partisan compositions can be found on Political party strength in Alaska.

Committees
Current committees include:

 * Judiciary
 * Resources
 * State Affairs
 * Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, and the Arctic
 * Fisheries
 * Committee on Committees
 * Task Force on Sustainable Education
 * Community & Regional Affairs
 * Education
 * Energy
 * Military & Veterans' Affairs
 * Health & Social Services
 * Labor & Commerce
 * Transportation
 * Rules
 * Finance
 * Education & Early Development
 * Governor
 * Labor & Workforce Development
 * Health & Social Services
 * Legislature
 * Military & Veterans' Affairs
 * Natural Resources
 * Public Safety
 * Revenue
 * Transportation & Public Facilities
 * University Of Alaska
 * Administration
 * Commerce, Community & Economic Dev
 * Corrections
 * Court System
 * Environmental Conservation
 * Fish & Game
 * Law
 * Fiscal Policy

title: Alaska House of Representatives


text: User talk:68.23.213.91

title: User talk:68.23.213.91


text:
Chicken of the Sea

Chicken of the Sea is a packager and provider of seafood, owned by the Thai Union Group in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. The brand is attached to tuna, salmon, clams, crab, shrimp, mackerel, oysters, kippers and sardines in cans, pouches and cups, as are its sister brands, Genova and Ace of Diamonds.

History
The company was founded in the United States when Frank Van Camp's son Gilbert Van Camp moved to San Pedro, Los Angeles, in 1914 and purchased the California Tuna Canning Company, changing the name to the Van Camp Sea Food Company. They adopted the advertising slogan "Chicken of the Sea" in the 1950s. The phrase "Chicken of the Sea", first devised as a way to describe the taste, was so successful that soon it also became the company name. In 1963, Van Camp Seafood Company was purchased by Ralston Purina. In 1988, Ralston sold its Van Camp division to an Indonesian corporation, PT Mantrust (headed by Teguh Sutantyo), which had financial problems, and the primary creditor, Prudential Life Insurance Company, became the majority owner.

In 1997 the company was purchased by the investment group Tri-Union Seafoods LLC, made up of three partners:
 * 1) Thai Union International Inc., a Thai conglomerate based in Bangkok and the then-largest tuna packer in Asia and second largest in the world
 * 2) Edmund A. Gann, American owner of Caribbean Marine Service, Co., Inc., a tuna-fishing fleet
 * 3) Tri-Marine International, Inc., a global trading company formed in Singapore in 1972 dealing in tuna and tuna products headed by Renato Curto, president and majority shareholder.

The new owners changed the name of Van Camp Seafood Company to Chicken of the Sea International. In 2000, Tri-Marine International Inc and Edmund A. Gann sold their 50 percent interest in Chicken of the Sea to Thai Union International, Inc., leaving Thai Union the sole owner of the company. Chicken of the Sea International and Tri-Union International LLC merged into one company, still called Chicken of the Sea International.

With the 2003 acquisition of Empress International, an importer of frozen shrimp and other shellfish, Chicken of the Sea's total annual sales climbed to US$600 million. In 2006, Thai Union formed a new division, Chicken of the Sea Frozen Foods, to focus on sales of premium quality fresh and frozen seafood products. This division grew quickly, enhancing Chicken of the Sea's brand awareness and distribution in the food service and retail industries.

In August 2015, Olean Wholesale Grocery, a regional cooperative of supermarkets in upstate New York, sued Chicken of the Sea and both of its competitors, Bumble Bee Foods and StarKist, accusing the three of colluding to fix prices. Chicken of the Sea was in talks to merge with Bumble Bee at the time, but it was called off on 3 December 2015 after the US Justice Department expressed "serious concerns" stemming from the Olean Wholesale lawsuit.

In 2016 Chicken of the Sea recalled 107,000 cans of tuna in the US due to undercooking because of an equipment malfunction at an undisclosed factory.

In May 2018, the company moved its headquarters from San Diego to El Segundo, California.

Product name
The company's official explanation for the name of their product is that, in the "old days", fishermen referred to white albacore tuna as "chicken of the sea". It was so called because of the white color of its flesh and mild flavor reminded them of chicken. The founder of the company thought it would be a unique name for a brand of tuna. Their advertising mascot, Catalina, a blonde mermaid with a golden scepter, was introduced in the 1950s and soon became a familiar product icon. In her book The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy, Grace Lee Whitney is credited as being the original Chicken of the Sea Mermaid. One of the photographs in the book documents this.

title: Chicken of the Sea


text:
Queen Maud

Queen Maud may refer to:

People

 * Matilda of Flanders (1031–1083), Queen of England
 * Maud of Northumbria (1074–1130/1131), Queen of Scotland & Countess of Huntingdon
 * Matilda of Scotland (1080–1118), Queen of England
 * Empress Matilda (1102–1167), Lady of the English
 * Matilda I of Boulogne (1105–1152), Queen of England & Countess of Boulogne
 * Matilda of Savoy (1125–1158), Queen of Portugal
 * Matilda II of Boulogne (1202–1259), Queen of Portugal & Countess of Boulogne
 * Maud of Wales (1869–1938), Queen of Norway

Places

 * Queen Maud Gulf, Canada
 * Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica
 * Queen Maud Land in Antarctica

Other

 * Queen Maud University College in Trondheim, Norway

title: Queen Maud


text:
Earth (American band)

Earth is an American rock band based in Olympia, Washington and led by the guitarist Dylan Carlson. Initially active between 1989 and 1997, their early work is characterized by heavy guitar distortion, drones, and lengthy, minimalist song structures; their 1993 debut album Earth 2 is recognized as a pioneering work of the drone metal genre. The band resurfaced in the early 2000s, with their subsequent output reducing the distortion and incorporating elements of country, jazz rock, and folk. Earth's current lineup consists of Carlson and drummer Adrienne Davies.

Biography
Dylan Carlson founded the band in 1989 along with Slim Moon and Greg Babior, taking the title "Earth" from Black Sabbath's prior name. Carlson has remained the core of the band's line-up throughout its changes. At the time of Earth's formation, Carlson was conceptually influenced by minimalist composers such as La Monte Young as well the bands King Crimson and Slayer.

Carlson was a close friend of Kurt Cobain, who sang lead vocals in the song "Divine and Bright", from a demo included on the re-release of the live album Sunn Amps and Smashed Guitars. Because police had twice confiscated guns from Cobain inside a single year, Cobain had Carlson purchase a shotgun for him on March 30, 1994. Cobain told Carlson the gun was for protection. Cobain would use the shotgun to kill himself six days later.

Earth 2 was described as a "milestone" by Terrorizer's Dayal Patterson, which he described as "a three-track, 75 minute deluge of feedback and distorted guitars that marked the blueprint for what Carlson at the time coined 'ambient metal'". The band went on hiatus after the release of Pentastar: In the Style of Demons due to Carlson's personal problems, including heroin addiction, rehabilitation, his connection to Kurt Cobain's death, and incarceration. Carlson attributed the break primarily to his heroin addiction:

Earth reappeared around 2000 with a markedly different sound. Its music was still drone based, slow-paced, and lengthy, but it now included a drummer and featured strong elements of country music. Remarking on the stylistic change, Carlson was quick to point to the continuity with Earth's previous sound:

The press release for Hex; Or Printing in the Infernal Method (2005) stated the band's music shows "the influence of country guitarists/songwriters such as: Duane Eddy, Merle Haggard, Roy Buchanan and fuses it with the vibe of epic visionary composer: Ennio Morricone." The press release for The Bees Made Honey in the Lion's Skull (2008) referenced "the more adventurous San Francisco bands of the late 1960s and 1970s, and the more spiritually aware and exciting forms of Jazz-Rock from the same era". The press release for Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light I describes "inspiration from both British Folk-Rock bands the Pentangle and Fairport Convention".

Members
Current
 * Dylan Carlson – guitar
 * Adrienne Davies – drums

Former
 * Slim Moon – vocals
 * Greg Babior – guitar
 * Joe Preston – bass guitar, percussion
 * Ian Dickson – guitar, bass guitar
 * Dave Harwell – bass guitar
 * John Schuller – bass
 * Sean McElligot – guitar
 * Michael McDaniel – drums
 * Jonas Haskins – baritone guitar
 * Steve "Stebmo" Moore – electric piano, trombone, acoustic grand piano, Hammond organ, Wurlitzer electric piano
 * Lori Goldston – cello
 * Karl Blau – bass guitar
 * Angelina Baldoz – bass guitar (tour only)
 * Don McGreevy – bass guitar
 * Bill Herzog – bass guitar
 * Brett Netson – guitar

Discography
Studio albums
 * Earth 2: Special Low-Frequency Version (1993)
 * Phase 3: Thrones and Dominions (1995)
 * Pentastar: In the Style of Demons (1996)
 * Hex; Or Printing in the Infernal Method (2005)
 * The Bees Made Honey in the Lion's Skull (2008)
 * Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light I (2011)
 * Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II (2012)
 * Primitive and Deadly (2014)
 * Full upon Her Burning Lips (2019)

Collaborations
 * The Bug & Earth: Concrete Desert (2017)

title: Earth (American band)


text:
Kawatake Mokuami

Kawatake Mokuami (河竹黙阿弥) (birth name Yoshimura Yoshisaburō; 吉村芳三郎) (1 March 1816 – 22 January 1893) was a Japanese dramatist of Kabuki. It has been said that "as a writer of plays of Kabuki origin, he was one of the greatest, if not the greatest, Japan has ever known". He wrote 150 or so plays over the course of his 58-year career, covering a wide variety of themes, styles, and forms, including short dance pieces, period plays (jidaimono), contemporary genre pieces (sewamono), tragedies and comedies, as well as adaptations of foreign (Western) stories, though he is perhaps most famous for his shiranamimono, plays featuring sympathetic or tragic rogues and thieves. For the greater part of his career he wrote under the professional name Kawatake Shinshichi, only taking the name Mokuami on his retirement from the stage in 1881.

Life and career
Mokuami was born in the Nihonbashi district of Edo (modern-day Tokyo). He was disinherited by his father at age fourteen, and obtained work at a lending library, introducing him to the world of theatre. In 1835, he entered into an apprenticeship with Tsuruya Nanboku IV, and in 1843 became the lead playwright (tate-sakusha) for the Kawarazaki-za theatre, succeeding to the name Kawatake Shinshichi II. He began working with kabuki star Ichikawa Kodanji IV in 1854, producing kizewamono pieces. Most of Mokuami's works are in this form, and were written specifically for the star actors of the time, such as Onoe Kikugorō V and Ichikawa Kodanji IV. Many of his plays, such as the famous Benten Kozō, featured thieves and robbers, also known as shiranami (white waves), whom he represented somewhat sympathetically, as low-class heroes, or as tragic figures.

As Japan modernized and Westernized rapidly in the Meiji period, Mokuami moved along with new trends in theatre, becoming a pioneer of Shin-kabuki ("New Kabuki"), writing plays in new genres such as katsurekimono (realistic, historically accurate jidaimono period plays) and zangirimono (sewamono genre plays featuring Meiji era contemporary characters and setting ).

During his 58-year career, he became the most prolific kabuki author in history, producing over 360 works: 130 sewamono, 90 jidaimono, and 140 dances. Mokuami formally retired in 1881, but continued to present new works, and was spoken highly of by novelist and literary critic Tsubouchi Shōyō. Mokuami died in 1893 and is buried at Gentsū-ji in Nakano, Tokyo.

Selected works

 * Izayoi Seishin (1859)
 * Sannin Kichisa Kuruwa no Hatsugai (1860)
 * Murai Chōan (1862)
 * Benten Kozō aka Shiranami Gonin Otoko (1862)
 * Marubashi Chūya aka Keian Taiheiki (1870)
 * Renjishi (Two Lions) (1872)
 * Sakai no Taiko (Sakai's Drum) (1873)
 * Kamiyui Shinza (Shinza the Barber) (1873)
 * Ningen Banji Kane Yono Naka (Everything in the World is Run by Money) (1878), an adaptation of Money (play) by Edward_Bulwer-Lytton
 * Kumo ni Magō Ueno no Hatsuhana (1881)
 * Tsuchigumo (1881)
 * Ibaraki (The Demon Ibaraki) (1883)
 * Funa Benkei (1885)
 * Momijigari (1887)

title: Kawatake Mokuami


text:
Talk:Detox (Dr. Dre album)

"I Need A Doctor" is NOT Confirmed!
The article cites this MTV article as confirming that "I Need A Doctor" is on Detox. No source has explicitly verified whether "I Need A Doctor" will be on Detox or not. Therefore, I propose that a Wikipedia editor should rectify this and remove "I Need A Doctor" from Confirmed Tracks until it is actually confirmed. 71.126.246.157 (talk) 19:00, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

Liz Rodriguez or Rodrigues
The page lists Liz Rodriguez as one of the appearing guest artists. If you click the name it just takes you to Eminem's album Recovery. There you can find Liz Rodrigues spelled with an "S" as one of the writers. Which spelling is correct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.186.18.221 (talk) 02:18, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

Album Arrives 4/20 http://www.rap-up.com/2011/01/17/dr-dre-announces-detox-release-date/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carfreak490 (talk • contribs) 08:32, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Article issues
Currently it reads like a journal. In January ... xyz in February ABC... This needs addressing. Not only do the lack of paragraphs cause concern but effectively its just a series of quotes. Also there is some serious issues with some of the sourcing... in 2007 its claimed 18 songs were produced for Detox, then in 2008 Snoop Dogg claims the album is complete but still looking for songs (doesn't make sense), then October 2008 there's allegedly 400 recorded songs for the album then in Nov 2009 the album was planned to be completed. Seriously people we need some intelligent editing to work out that half of what's been reported is obviously bullshit. Furthermore what is labelled as background is infact just a series of statements and actually contains random information on guests, release dates and production. It should be re-organised and massively pruned. It seems like lots of random people are happy to say that they're involved in the project yet Dre has not confirmed nowhere near as much of the guests as claimed. --  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  21:11, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

I Need A Doctor Release Date
According to Amazon.com the official release date for the next single "I Need A Doctor" featuring Eminem and Skylar Grey is February 1, 2011 and on the article it says that it is January 25, 2011. Dabradl (talk) 00:51, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Supergamer345, 26 January 2011
Change release date of "I need a Doctor.".

Supergamer345 (talk) 03:03, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: New release date not supplied, nor is a source for the change provided. —C.Fred (talk) 03:06, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Detox Release Date
Where can I find the source for the albums official release date. There's a source but I can't find it.--Itachisan125 (talk) 11:27, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
 * It's definitely not on the beats headphones site, thats for sure. Citation removal in order?  April 1st isn't even a Tuesday!  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.129.98.129 (talk) 03:08, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wakamusha (talk • contribs) 17:12, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

-Radioheads album was just released on Feb. 18th, which was a friday, not a tuesday. so there goes that argument. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.214.250.194 (talk) 14:56, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Release Date
Dr. Dre has announced that Detox will be released on April 20. "4/20, baby," Dre said into the camera. "4/20, I'm coming."

The April 20 date falls on a Wednesday, which isn't the norm in music industry release dates, but the day is also a nod to the producer's first album, The Chronic

Didn't he just say that it wasn't going to be released on April 20th — Preceding unsigned comment added by Itachisan125 (talk • contribs) 04:26, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Dr. Dre's representatives shot down the April 20th date as being the release date for Detox after this video was posted. This is outdated information that was disproved by Dre's own people and as far as anyone can back up, there is no official date yet. The April 20th date should be removed from the article unless there is a official source that can confirm it. Here is my source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1656142/dr-dres-detox-not-due-april-20-rep.jhtmlHoneycapsule (talk) 00:51, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

"Mr. Prescription" and "Chillin"
Two tracks leaked this past week, which were thought to be from Detox. "Chillin'" was played in clubs by Swizz, and then later performed by Dre and Swizz. Here's my reference http://www.taletela.com/news/5708/swizz-beatz-and-dr-dre-jump-on-the-mic-at-lollipop-mondays

"Mr. Prescription" sounds very rough, fake and just bad. I think it's fake, but some one keeps adding it to confirmed tracks, but with horrible references. Just one from a site with leaks, I think that user's account should be deleted for putting up false information, and if someone would please help me have "Chillin'" stay up there, I'd really appreciate it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stuartandtheave (talk • contribs) 02:51, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

 * The source you are providing is an UNRELIABLE SOURCE. HipHopDX however is and it states in the discribtion "More Detox For ya" so its a Detox track. Unless you can provide a source proving that wrong then it stays. "Chillin" has not been confirmed anywhere as on Detox.

 * Also your one to talk about false information with your long history of vandalism which is what your doing removing sourced content.  STATic  message me!  03:02, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Okay, but of course any recent Dr. Dre leak is going to thought to be from Detox. And in the video Swizz said "Let's hear some shit off the album!", so it has to be from Detox. And if you or whoever keeps adding "Mr. Prescription", you aren't providing any information that Dre or any one else has confirmed that it's real, and you didn't add Nikki Grier to confirmed guests either. And someone randomly keeps deleting the confirmed Jay-Z and Beyoncé collab on the album, so that's what I'm saying, and there are many other leaks that say something about how they may be on Detox, so I don't think "Mr. Prescription" should be left up for now, but neither should "Chillin'".

 * Also Swizz said this on Twitter http://bossiptwitter.com/2011/03/26/therealswizzz-i-cant-wait-until-people-hear-the-real-version-of-chilling-dre-feat-swizz-i-hate-when-leaks-get-out-not-done-it-kills-the-art/ and the thing about me deleting "Mr. Prescription", is because it hasn't been officially confirmed by any one on the song or working with Dre. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stuartandtheave (talk • contribs) 02:51, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

 * In the reliable source it says its from Detox, other leaks have said maybe from Detox. As for the Jay-Z track, Please do not add tracks that do not have names yet to confirmed tracks.  STATic  message me!  21:33, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I actually wasn't the one who added the Jay and Beyoncé track, but the source was reliable, it's the same reference as in the confirmed guests where it says Beyoncé, but there is no name so I won't add it. But, back on the topic of "Mr. Prescription", it said it featured Sly, Nikki Grier and Slim da Mobster on some websites (http://www.streethop.com/2011/03/audio/dr-dre-feat-nikki-grier-sly-mr-prescription/ but they were calling Nikki "Sly Nikki Grier", so I don't know), and what about the Swizz track, I know that website isn't exactly a good source, but as I said earlier, Swizz did say it was from Detox in the live video, and he confirmed it was Dre feat Swizz, which is most likely from Detox. Could you at least add Swizz to the guests that may have been working on Detox? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stuartandtheave (talk • contribs) 02:51, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

 * With unreliable sources you can't take even videos because you can't trust them to not mess with the audio. You can add Swizz Beatz to guests if you find a reliable source that says he's working on the album. I will fix the featuring credits on Mr. Prescription right now.  STATic  message me!  01:58, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Well what about how he confirmed it via twitter? I don't know if Dre confirmed it, but then again he didn't confirm "Mr. Prescription" either. Well he actually did confirm "Chillin'", but it was in thr video, which you said was an unreliable source. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.48.212.40 (talk) 05:56, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

 * What about this? http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/singles/id.14256/title.dr-dre-f-swizz-beatz-chillin It's from HipHopDX, or hows this? http://yourrapfix.com/?p=2248 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stuartandtheave (talk • contribs) 20:08, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

These arguments are inherently moot considering Detox is not being constructed traditionally with tracks being finished one by one. Whatever leaks or references to songs one hears about in interviews and whatnot doesn't mean anything except they may or may not have been recorded for Detox - nevermind the fact they may have never made the album in a million years. Bishop Lamont has also claimed Dr. Dre has 2,000-3,000 tracks he can pick and choose from to put on the album meaning that he obviously has a huge body of work from about a decade of off-and-on recording sessions.

It's also worth mentioning Dr. Dre has scrapped Detox entirely multiple times only to begin again. "Kush" and "I Need a Doctor" aren't even confirmed tracks in reality, and the further in 2011 we wait, the better chance they probably will not make the final album. Detox has morphed constantly throughout the years as a singular body of work. Editing crucial information for this album requires a certain kind of knowledge and context, not traditional sources and references used to declare things that do not reflect reality. "Mr. Prescription" was very obviously an unfinished leak, most likely recorded for Detox along with 1,000+ other songs, and "VIP Chillin'" was most likely recorded for Swizz Beatz's "Haute Living" during sessions with Dr. Dre - who did not produce it. To declare these are "Confirmed" songs or more likely than not to be on Detox is ludicrous. If we had third-hand information for the other thousands of songs Dr. Dre has recorded for Detox, would we reference these in the article? I would surely hope not. Nothing is confirmed until an official tracklist is publicly released and confirmed by Interscope and/or credible persons such as Dr. Dre, period. Everything else is rumor, inaccurate claims, or third-hand information by people deemed credible only when they aren't anymore credible than I am. -- Honeycapsule (talk) 01:57, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Why is The Chronic not in the cronology?
Hi,

I was just wondering why Dre's first solo album, The Chronic, isn't in the cronology?

Greets,

Dobber 94.225.129.123 (talk) 20:26, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The Chronic isn't in the chronology because 2001 was the previous album before Detox.--Supergamer345 (talk) 17:46, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

Edit request
The part listing Mr. Prescription as a confirmed track on Detox should be removed. The sources listed link to sites that say "According to Wiki, this is a confirmed track off of Detox." Meaning they are just cycling the info between them with no real source of confirmation. Until someone can provide a legitimate source, it should be rumored or removed. Thanks.

99.233.242.112 (talk) 04:22, 12 April 2011 (UTC)Tron

 * The Source says "More Detox for Ya!"--Supergamer345 (talk) 23:25, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

The Source doesn't know anything except that it was probably recorded, as have countless other tracks over the years, for Detox that will most likely have never been included anyway. It would be a stretch to interpret it as a definitive leak from a cohesive Detox album, it makes much more sense to interpret "More Detox for Ya!" as a leaked song that was recorded for the albumHoneycapsule (talk) 01:43, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

"The Kill"
"The Kill" by Game, was included on his Purp & Patron mixtape, but it was confirmed by La Roux that it was sampled for Detox, not The R.E.D. Album. This is probably one of the songs that's gonna feature Game, and will recycle his verse (most likely), and explains the La Roux feature (which is really a sample of "In for the Kill").

^there isnt enough info about the song to include it as one of the "Recorded Songs" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.92.160.71 (talk) 01:45, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

Die Hard featuring Eminem
Okay, MTV, HipHopDX & All those reliable sources haven't said anything YET, but supposedly there is a new Dre & Eminem single coming May 6th. It was said on last nights episode of Fight Camp 360, just click here to see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APwNEWP3mT4#t=11m40s —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stuartandtheave (talk • contribs) 16:11, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

Track List
Tracklist: 1.Dr Dre Intro (Prod By DJ AGE 01. Dr Dre Intro (Prod By DJ AGE) 2.Kendrik Lamar Look Out For Detox (Detox Exclusive) 3.Dr Dre, Snoop Dogg, The Game - Kush (Remix) 4.Jay Rock Vs DJ AGE Kush (DJ AGE Remix) 5.Crooked I & Horse Shoe Gang Vs Dr Dre West Coast Super Kush 6.Dr Dre & Swizz Beatz Chillin (Detox Exclusive) 7.Dr Dre & Ludacris MVP (Detox Exclusive) 8.Ludacris OGz Theme (Detox Exclusive) 9.Dr Dre, 2 Pac & Jay Z- Under Pressure (DJ AGE Remix) 10.2Pac & Dr Dre Under Pressure (Thug Life Remix) 11.Crooked I, Dr Dre Under Pressure (C.O.B DJ AGE Remix) 12.Dr Dre - Mr Prescription (Detox Exclusive) 13.Eminem & Dr Dre Detox Spark 14.Dr Dre - Turn Me On (Detox Exclusive) 15.Dr Dre Vs Black & Mild Popped Off (DJ AGE Detox Remix) 16.Dr Dre, T.I. - Shit Popped Off (Detox Exclusive) 17.Dr Dre, T.I., Nas - Topless (Detox Exclusive) 18.Dr Dre & Snoop Dogg Dre Day (DJ AGE Remix) 19.Dr Dre, Eminem, Skylar Grey - I Need A Doctor (Detox Exclusive) 20.Dr Dre & Kendrick Lamar Hiii Power (Detox Exclusive) 21.Dr Dre & Bishop Lamont Rain (Detox Exclusive) 22.Slim The Mobster & Jayo Felony Funeral Music (Detox Exclusive) 23.Snoop Dogg Working On Detox 24.Hayes & Dr Dre Down Ass Bitch (Detox Exclusive) 25.Dr Dre, HittMann & Knoc'Turnal Bloww (Exclusive) 26.Dr Dre, Snoop Dogg & Nate Dogg There They Go (R.I.P Nate Dogg Tribute) 27.Dr Dre & Sam Sneed Hollywood (Detox Exclusive) 28.Dr Dre & E A-SKI- Split Personality (Detox Exclusive)

Man you guys are slackers. Nodrogj (talk) 19:22, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
 * source? —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  20:17, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

You do know that supposed tracklist is very obviously one to one of the many unofficial mixtapes right? There is no official tracklist to Detox just yet, it's insane to even assume Dr. Dre has picked one or even finished recording sessions. -- Honeycapsule (talk) 01:45, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from 108.23.167.230, 8 July 2011
Dextox is set to be released on April 20, 2012 ( 4:20)

108.23.167.230 (talk) 09:18, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Jnorton7558 (talk) 12:26, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Ak1196, 11 July 2011
Change 2012 to 2011 as it is confirmed to be this year. It may change to next year but it is uncertain. It is meant to be this year and that information which is known should be portrayed.

Ak1196 (talk) 18:37, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅-- Jac 16888 Talk 18:40, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

Someone's edited it back to 2012 again, without any confirmation. It's still slated for 2011. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shmosh (talk • contribs) 15:11, 1 September 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Ricks22, 11 August 2011
just add that Nas recently worked on the album with Dr. Dre http://rapradar.com/2011/08/11/nas-talks-amy-winehouse-detox/

Ricks22 (talk) 21:51, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
 * ❌ I don't consider that a legit source. — WP: PENGUIN  · [ TALK ]  21:54, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

September 13??
Hey everyone i was just on amazon when i came across this:

http://www.amazon.com/Detox-Dr-Dre/dp/B00599UF5C/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1315170509&sr=8-9

it claimed that Detox was coming out on Sept. 13, 2011 (in 9 days) I need to know if someone could confirm this or offer me further info — Preceding unsigned comment added by Football946 (talk • contribs) 21:12, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I think we should wait till Dr. Dre himself gives an update. If he did, post the link. — WP: PENGUIN  · [ TALK ]  02:39, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

What I Think is funny is several members on Dre's website are saying September 16th. I looked at the amazon page closely It says the label is Universal Japan and its an "Audio CD [Import]" so it would make sense if it was released early in Japan (Sep. 13th) and came out a few days later in the US (Sep. 16th) like other albums have done before. But i do agree with Penguin wait until Dre, Interscope, Dre's Website, or another reliable source confirms this. Bend2pa (talk) 06:53, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

Edit request, 3 October 2011
Any reason there's two different release dates listed on the current wiki page (obviously overlooking the fact that nothing has been confirmed and there's no source)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.142.226 (talk) 01:03, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Hey I was just on Twitter with the D.O.C., and he told me that Detox was not coming out in 2011, The Psycho and Die hard WILL NOT BE ON THE ALBUM, and that they see a release date in the near future.

http://twitter.com/#!/WESTCOASTDOC/status/127805749278687233

http://twitter.com/#!/WESTCOASTDOC/status/127806852217049089

76.16.71.219 (talk) 23:25, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

2014
guys it is ocmming out on 2014 ok he told me 174.99.54.167 (talk)` —Preceding undated comment added 15:24, 11 October 2011 (UTC).
 * Informative source. UselessToRemain (talk) 18:18, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Seems legit. (Not really.) -- Esa nchez (Talk 2 me or Sign here) 19:11, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

Detox headphones
There should be some link to the special Detox headphones, the page says:

''Beats™ Pro™ - Limited Editon Monster Pro Detox Over-the-Ear Headphones To celebrate the release of Dr. Dre’s highly anticipated album Detox, we’re introducing the limited edition Detox Pros so you can feel and hear the music how Dre intended. Uniquely styled by the Doctor himself with strong, yet lightweight aluminum construction to absorb heavy use in any environment. Detox Pro’s large, plush ear cushions add passive noise isolation and comfort for extended use. This is a must have product for any Dr. Dre fan and uncompromising premium audio seeker. You will not want to listen to Detox or any other of your favorite Dre beats on anything else. Pre-order today. Only a limited run has been produced, so get yours fast!''

15:56, 5 December 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.161.148.157 (talk)

Confirmed Tracks
If there is going to be a Confirmed Tracks section then the tracks inside said section need to be Confirmed by a reputable source. I left the track on there because other editors removed other tracks but not that one, so maybe there is a source out there. But that source needs to be cited. ChadH (talk) 18:05, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Possible/Confirmed Tracks Section
I removed this section because all tracks listed were either not cited or used an unreliable citation. See WP:SOURCES WP:YOUTUBE WP:NOTRELIABLE

Die Hard Is not on the album http://www.aftermathmusic.com/blog/2011/05/07/die-hard/ Young World Was linked to a YouTube video that made no mention of Detox_(Dr._Dre_album) and YouTube is only reliable under certain circumstances.

ChadH (talk) 17:21, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You have my complete support. This section seems to welcome false and unconfirmed information, so it's better off not even placed. — WP: PENGUIN  · [ TALK ]  18:38, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

 * syllables
 * die hard i think thats some that are on detox 69.77.202.114 (talk) 05:28, 29 February 2012 (UTC) Dylan Antiunknown of Clone Wars Adventures :P

 * As I stated above, Die Hard is not on the album. If you have a source for any confirmed tracks, then please share. And honestly this page is getting out of hand. The claimed, confirmed, or been seen in the studio paragraph is becoming worse than the Confirmed Tracks section... Of course all of these problems would be solved if he would just release the damn album! ChadH (talk) 19:41, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Producers Section of Infobox
I cleaned out the Producer's section of the infobox because the people listed were speculative. I could not find confirmed producers. IMO the only confirmed producer is Dr. Dre himself. Please add producers if they are known and include sources ChadH (talk) 20:55, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

Possible Release Date.
on hmv's website there is a release date of 06-08-2012 link is shown below

http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;0;-1;-1;-1&sku=649865 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.44.96.217 (talk) 22:22, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Retail sites are one of the furthest things from a reliable source. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 03:51, 19 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed Most of the time, it is just a filler date because of their database implementation. We see this with video games also. We just have to wait until an official press release regarding the release date. ChadH (talk) 16:37, 19 April 2012 (UTC)
 * HMV did this last year too. They placed the date July 26, 2011. Obviously, it wasn't true. These sites are unreliable. — WP: PENGUIN  · [ TALK ]  19:16, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Major Cleanup Effort
We all know this article needs help but it's so out of control it is hard to know where to begin. Over the past several days this article has been vandalized mainly in the Guest and Production section. While these normally come in waves, that section needs major help as it is the primary source of vandalism (The release date is a close second).

This is what I propose, remove the Guest and Production section. It is a hotbed of speculation on a album we really know nothing about. Once official details about who is on the album has been released we can use the standard track listing template. Just look at the production section for the 2001 Album, nice and clean, concise.

Also, we should remove the Singles unless real sources define Kush_(song) and I_Need_a_Doctor are in fact official singles from Detox. Artist do release singles without being associated with an album. These songs do not mention Detox in their articles and given the little information we have, I do not feel there is reliable sources for those songs being on the album.

I would like to reach a WP:CONSENSUS here first before commencing.

Thanks --ChadH (talk) 16:35, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I may be alone on this idea but I believe the entire article needs to be rewrote. The majority of the information is outdated by a few years. The album has been re-recorded multiple times, thus the majority of the information is most likely false anyways. But I do agree that the 'Guests and Production' is in need of a MAJOR clean-up. It started out as sourced material but too many features and producers have been added under the radar. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 22:23, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think you are alone, it probably needs a rewrite. --ChadH (talk) 16:06, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

I reworked the 'Singles' section about a week ago and I just put in my rework of the 'Guests and production'. 'Guests and production' is now up to date with the sources provided. If any features or producers wish to be added to the article, they MUST be added with a new source. SE   KinG. User page. Talk. 22:05, 29 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Other artists such as Christina Milian who've had projects massively delayed and Eve had their projects redirected to their artists pages. As pointed out above some of this information is SO OUTDATED that perhaps the sources and even the songs are outdated. I reckon only 10% of the information is correct. The information has been chopped and changed so many times that its almost impossible to tell what from the information is a constructive edit. I would support this article being re-written. If i knew enough about the artist and had the time I'd propose to re-write the article like I've written previous seriously delayed album's such as Kelly Rowland's Here I Am, Leona Lewis's Glassheart or Jennifer Lopez's Love?. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  23:46, 29 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. I wouldn't mind the article being redirected to Dr. Dre. That would be very controversial move though. As I was re-working the 'Guests and production' I realized how many of the features were confirmed in like 2008, and since then Dre has confirmed that the album has been re-recorded numerous times. There is no information that seems to be current at the moment. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 00:33, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks SE KinG! --ChadH (talk) 23:46, 29 July 2012 (UTC)

Auto Archive of Talk Page
I would like to setup an auto archive of this talk page by the MiszaBot. Before this can be done, a consensus must be reached. Please show your Support or Oppose below.

Thanks! --ChadH (talk) 23:26, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Detox (Dr. Dre album) be merged into Dr._Dre. As stated in the section Talk:Detox_(Dr._Dre_album), the article contains information that at the time was true but because of the delay the information is no longer true. Other editors have also stated that the effort required to clean up this article would be so time consuming that it would be better to page blank and start over. Also User:Lil-unique1 pointed out in the major cleanup section that other artist whose albums were massively delayed were redirected to their artist article page. Furthermore, this article has been the subject of much vandalism over the years. If Detox ever comes to be, a split can be done from the Dr. Dre page. Please discuss below per WP:MERGE ChadH (talk) 20:47, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support, my reasons already given above. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  23:49, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support - My reasons were stated above. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 04:20, 9 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support - At least until there is a rough confirmed release date. Kane (talk) 04:36, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

 * So everybody seems to be OK with it, why hasn't it been done? Kane (talk) 12:19, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Nah, in the page we have a great article. I was looking for a clean-up but it's all good. Detox maybe never be released and that's a reason to have a page. Keep it. SrGangsta (talk) 13:27, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * We should leave it a few more weeks days (in reference to the discussion) and wait to see what happens. Half of the sources are crap or dead. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  14:40, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Do you want help to fix all the sources? Or just clean-up the article. SrGangsta (talk) 14:42, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Ive made my point above. It should be redirected to Dr. Dre and if/when the album is released a new concise article should be written. The album has been in production over 10 years and much of the information is simply speculated. The information about the various incarnations of the album should be the artists page. A page for Detox if ever releaed and created should talk about production of songs that do appear on the album and a brief history. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  [talk]  14:47, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep the fact that it has been delayed for 12 years makes it quite notable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Paul "The Wall" (talk • contribs) 04:37, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep? This is not a deletion request. --<span style="color: blue; font-style:italic; font-family: LuzSans-Book,Arial;">ChadH (talk) 17:53, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

Its is the most anticipated album of all time and it wont have a separate article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fijipeace (talk • contribs) 05:41, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Most anticipated according to who? —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  <sup style="color:black;">[talk]  16:37, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Nah, that's obvious.SrGangsta (talk) 16:49, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Its a subjective statement that is opinion. The point is this is an encylopedia and therefore whether this topic gets an independent article is dependent upon it meeting criteria at WP:GNG and WP:NMUSIC. I don't have an issue with it having an article, I more have an issue with the lack of reliable information. Everyone under the sun seems to claim to be working on and featured on the album —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  <sup style="color:black;">[talk]  17:01, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Aight, I support this proposal.SrGangsta (talk) 17:05, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

Update I'm going to leave this open for this week. This will be one month of consensus building. If support rides, I'll perform the redirect and welcome other editors working on appropriate content merge. --<span style="color: blue; font-style:italic; font-family: LuzSans-Book,Arial;">ChadH (talk) 17:56, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

It is the most anticipated according to 50cent,Eminem,Game,Snoop Dogg,Pharell...and so many other prominent hip hop figures. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.235.77.178 (talk) 00:11, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * That doesn't make it encylopedic. That's still subjective and opinion-based. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  <sup style="color:black;">[talk]  00:15, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Ok forget about the anticipation, the album has spawned two very successful singles.Both have over 50 million views.Dont you think a album with singles like this deserves a separate article.I think even if detox is never released it still should have a separate article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.235.69.229 (talk) 03:15, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * It's been confirmed by Dr. Dre that neither of those songs will make the final cut. The fact is that 90% of the information in this article is no longer relevant because he's re-recorded the album dozens of times. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 05:01, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Can you provide reliable reference that Inned a Doctor and Kush won't make the final Cut? And the 90% bad information could be removed instead of merging it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.235.69.229 (talk) 06:01, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

 * It is anticipated by millions though, you can't deny that K. (talk) 15:19, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Anticipation is subjective to the person you ask. As for the status of the information there are loads of crappy unreliable blog sources. There are loads of interviews with practically everyone in the hip-hop world claiming to have recorded for the album, or being involved with the album or listened to songs from it but actually hardly any of it is confirmed by Dre himself. Whilst I accept that the album is well-documented what I don't accept that per WP:GNG there is a requirement for a page for an album that has no release date, no track listing and no relevant information. Per WP:NALBUMS it hasn't been covered by enough notable third party references. Everyone opposing the redirect seems to think that all information and mention of Detox will be completely erased. Actually the point is rather than have this reference page for spam/junk there'll be a concise and detailed paragraph(s) at the artist's page explaining that he has been working on the album for ten years+ but omitting details about producers and guests because those have inevitably changed a number of times. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  <sup style="color:black;">[talk]  16:11, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Request to unmerge article
Think about it, this article has more information regarding the album than the heading from the Dr. Dre article that it's being merged to!!!!!!!--Supergamer345 (talk) 19:30, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Can you confirm, are you wishing for the information about Detox to be written into a seperate article? If so, you probably want to read Talk:Detox_(Dr._Dre_album) first. There was a discussion and per WP:GNG, WP:FUTURE, WP:CRYSTAL it was deemed best to be merged unless an album is ever actually finished and released. —  Lil_ ℧ niquℇ № 1  <sup style="color:black;">[talk]  22:12, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The majority of the information in the original article was outdated. You need to read the above conversation. SE   KinG . User page.  Talk. 03:12, 18 September 2012 (UTC)

Comment This shouldn't be touch until he makes some actual progress on the album — Preceding unsigned comment added by Paul "The Wall" (talk • contribs) 15:37, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

Protected edit request on 16 January 2018
Please fix the redirect. The section has apparently been renamed to 2001–2007: Focus on production and Detox. Care to differ or discuss with me? The Nth User 18:20, 16 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 12:13, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Detox (Dr. Dre album)