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William Torrey Harris

William Torrey Harris (September 10, 1835 – November 5, 1909) was an American educator, philosopher, and lexicographer. He worked for nearly a quarter century in St. Louis, Missouri, where he taught school and served as Superintendent of Schools for twelve years. With Susan Blow, in 1873 he established the first permanent, public kindergarten in the country. He is also known for establishing high school as an integral part of public education.

Increasingly interested in Hegelian philosophy, he was cofounder of Journal of Speculative Philosophy (1867), the first philosophical journal in the US. He also worked with Amos Bronson Alcott's Concord School of Philosophy. In 1889 Harris was appointed as US Commissioner of Education, and served in that role, under four presidents, until 1906.

Biography
Born in 1835 in North Killingly, Connecticut, he attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He completed two years at Yale College, then moved West.

Beginning at age 22, Harris taught school and made his career in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1857 to 1880, a period when the city was growing rapidly. It served both as a gateway to the West and as an industrializing city on the Mississippi River.

He served as Superintendent of Schools from 1868 to 1880, and had a strong influence on the system. With Susan E. Blow in this city, in 1873 he established America's first permanent public kindergarten. While in St. Louis, William Torrey Harris implemented many influential ideas to strengthen both the institution of the public school system and the basic philosophical principles of education. His changes resulted in the expansion of the public school curriculum to include high school. He believed it was essential to growth of an individual and to meet new challenges of the industrial age. The expanded programs included art, music, and scientific and manual studies. He also encouraged all public schools to acquire libraries.

Harris's St. Louis schools were considered some of the best in the country. His fellow educators included many local farmers and tradesemen who were immigrants from German provinces after the failed revolutions of 1848. They had a strong belief in education.

In St. Louis, Harris met mechanic and philosopher Henry Clay Brockmeyer, a German immigrant whose influence turned him toward hegelianism. With Brockmeyer and other of the St. Louis Hegelians, Harris founded and edited the Journal of Speculative Philosophy (1867); it was the first philosophical periodical in the United States. He edited it until 1893. Its contributors promoted Hegel's concept of time and events as part of a universal plan, a working out of an eternal historical dialectic.

Harris returned to New England, where he was associated with Amos Bronson Alcott's Concord School of Philosophy in Massachusetts from 1880 to 1889.

In 1889 Harris was appointed as U.S. Commissioner of Education, serving under presidents Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, until 1906. Harris worked to organize all phases of education on the principles of philosophical pedagogy as espoused by Hegel, Kant, Fichte, Fröbel, Pestalozzi and many others of idealist philosophies.

As US Commissioner of Education, Harris also strongly supported education and assimilation of Native Americans. He wrote the introduction to the Bureau of Education Bulletin (No. 1, 1889) on "Indian Education", issued under Thomas Jefferson Morgan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Harris called for mandatory education of American Indians through a partnership with Christianity in order to promote industry. Harris called for the removal of Native children from their families for up to 10 years of training for the "lower form of civilization", as a way of assimilating Indians into "American" civilization. He believed this was necessary to save the race, who he believed had to shift from their traditional cultures.

Harris wrote, "'We owe it to ourselves and to the enlightened public opinion of the world to save the Indian, and not destroy him. We can not save him and his patriarchal or tribal institution both together. To save him we must take him up into our form of civilization. We must approach him in the missionary spirit and we must supplement missionary action by the aid of the civil arm of the State. We must establish compulsory education for the good of the lower race.'"

Harris died on November 5, 1909, in Providence, Rhode Island.

Legacy and honors
Harris was awarded the honorary degree of LL.D. from various American and foreign universities, as he had an international reputation.

Honors
Harris–Stowe State University in St. Louis is named for Harris, and author Harriet Beecher Stowe.

In 1906 the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching conferred upon him "as the first man to whom such recognition for meritorious service is given, the highest retiring allowance which our rules will allow, an annual income of $3000."

Public issues
According to biographer Carl Byerly, Harris argued that the purpose of education In a democracy was:
 * To achieve equality of opportunity
 * Self-preservation of the state
 * To teach morality and self-discipline
 * To awaken powers of self-activity
 * To develop directive power
 * To maintain mobility of population
 * To preserve and create property
 * To give technical training
 * To remain responsive to social change

Harris was a strong proponent of the American colonial projects in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines following the Spanish–American War. In an article entitled "An Educational Policy for Our New Possessions", Harris wrote: "If the other people of the world to the number of some fourteen hundred millions are united under the five great powers of Europe, while we in turn have only one hundred millions, our national idea will be threatened abroad and have more dangers than ever at home....We must accept the charge of as many of these colonies as come to our hand. We must seek to give them civilization in the highest sense that we can conceive of it....The highest ideal of a civilization is that of a civilization that is engaged constantly in elevating lower classes of people into participation of all that is good and reasonable and perpetually increasing at the same time their self-activity. Such a civilization we have a right to enforce on this earth."

Achievements
He was also assistant editor of Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopaedia and editor of Appletons' International Education Series. He expanded the United States Bureau of Education and started graphic exhibits of the United States in international expositions.

He was responsible for introducing reindeer into Alaska so that the native whalers and trappers would have another livelihood, before they brought other species to extinction.

Harris was one of the 30 founding members of the Simplified Spelling Board, founded in 1906 by Andrew Carnegie to make English easier to learn and understand through changes in the orthography of the English language.

As editor-in-chief of Webster's New International Dictionary (1909), he originated the divided page.

In the book The Educational Philosophy of William T. Harris by Richard D. Mosier, it is stated that Harris forms the bridge between the mechanism, associationism, and utilitarianism of the 18th century and the pragmatism, experimentalism, and instrumentalism of the 20th century.

William Torrey Harris took Bacon’s original ideas on the organization of information for libraries and modernized them to be applied in the United States by the second half of the 1800s. William Harris, who worked creating a library catalog for the Public Library School of St. Louis, wrote an essay on creating an organization system for libraries. It wasn’t the first one in America, but it was a scheme that gained international reputation rapidly. Harris used a deductive hierarchy and created a structure better adapted to the interrelation of knowledge, which facilitated its application in libraries’ catalogs. Harris proposed a practical system of rules for the classification going from the generic to the specific. Those rules included main divisions, ultimate divisions, appendixes, and hybrids. The problem with Bacon’s approach was the difficulty to limit all knowledge within a restricted classification. Conversely, Harris suggested that content is predominant in minor divisions and sections, while form is the “guiding principle ” in the main divisions.

Works
Besides voluminous reports on educational matters, many papers contributed to the Proceedings of the American Social Science Association, and various compilations edited by him, his publications include:
 * Introduction to the Study of Philosophy (1889)
 * The Spiritual Sense of Dante's Divina Commedia (1889)
 * Hegel's Logic: a Critical Exposition (1890)
 * A. Bronson Alcott, his Life and Philosophy (with F. B. Sanborn) (1893)
 * Psychologic Foundations of Education (1898)
 * Elementary Education (Monographs on Education in the United States; vol. 1.) (1900; second edition, 1904)
 * The School City (1906)
 * The Philosophy of Education (1906)

title: William Torrey Harris


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Yusuf Salman Yusuf

Yusuf Salman Yusuf (يوسف سلمان يوسف; 19 July 1901 – 14 February 1949), better known by his nom de guerre Comrade Fahd (فهد), was one of the first Iraqi communist activists. He was the first secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party, from 1941 until his death on the gallows in 1949. He is generally credited with a vital role in the party's rapid organizational growth in the 1940s. For the last two years of his life, he directed the party from prison.

Early life
Yusuf Salman Yusuf was born in Baghdad in 1901 to a father from Bartella, in the province of Mosul, northern Iraq. His family was of humble origins, and his father is recorded as having made his living selling cakes and sweets. In 1907 he moved with his family to Basra in the south of the country in search of a better livelihood.

Yusuf was an ethnic Assyrian of Chaldean Catholic faith and attended the Syriac Christian School in Basra from 1908 to 1914, and the American Mission School in the city from 1914 to 1916. His education was then interrupted as his father had fallen ill and he had to seek employment for the family's upkeep. He first took a job as a translator and clerk with the British Army in Basra, before moving to Nasiriyah in 1919 to help his brother run a mill. In 1924 he returned to Basra and gained employment as a clerk at the Electricity Supply Authority. He also goes by Fahad Squad.

Early communist activity and travel abroad
In 1927, Yusuf met Piotr Vasili, a fellow Assyrian and an undercover emissary of the Comintern, who introduced him to socialism and communism. He took part in the first communist circle established that year in al-Nasiriyya.

Two years later, in 1929, Yusuf left his job at the Electricity Supply Authority and applied for a passport to travel abroad. His application was refused due to his lack of funds, but he left the country anyway, traveling through Khuzestan, Kuwait, Syria and Palestine. In the course of this voyage he appears to have attempted to contact the Comintern and to have asked the Palestine Communist Party for funds to help him engage in political work in Iraq.

In 1930, the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty was signed, leading to widespread anger in Iraq. Yusuf returned home and a year later was active in organizing the July 1931 strikes in response to the introduction of a new municipal tax. He continued his agitational and propaganda activities in al-Nasiriyya until February 1935, when he left Iraq once more, this time headed for Moscow where he was due to enroll at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV) for training as a future leader of communist party activity. He traveled through Syria, France and Italy before arriving in the Soviet Union, where he remained a student until summer 1937. It appears that before his return to Iraq at the end of January 1938, he may have been entrusted with a Comintern mission in Western Europe; he seems to have spent the winter of 1938 in France and Belgium.

Return to Iraq
On his return, Yusuf – for the moment going by the party name of Sa'id - met Abdullah Mas'ud, who was organising a communist group in Baghdad. He then travelled around the country for some time, but in December 1940, on hearing that Mas'ud was launching a communist journal, al-Shararah (the spark), he returned to Baghdad and requested that he be in charge of it. This Mas'ud refused, but he suggested that Fahd stay in Baghdad and engage in party work on a stipend, and Fahd accepted the offer.

Leader of a split party
On 29 October 1941, the police arrested Abdullah Mas'ud and Fahd took over his leadership role. In November he was elected first secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party, and immediately set about imposing his authority on the organization, dismissing most members of the old Central Committee. Fahd's leadership style led to a dispute with a prominent member of the leadership, Zhu Nun Ayyub, who repeatedly demanded that Fahd convene a party congress which would adopt rules for the party. Fahd responded by having Ayyub and his supporters expelled in August 1942.

In November 1942 Fahd demanded the sacking from the Central Committee of another member, Wadi' Talyah. His opponents on the committee refused to accept this, and accused him of egocentrism and dictatorship. The row had not been resolved when Fahd had to travel abroad. During his absence, Abdullah Mas'ud's supporters called a party congress without informing other members of the Central Committee. The congress, held on 20 November, dismissed all Fahd's supporters – but not Fahd himself – from the committee and elected Mas'ud first secretary.

As the new Central Committee had retained control of Al-Sharara, Fahd's supporters started issuing a new journal, entitled al-Qa'ida (the base), in February 1943. Fahd returned to Baghdad in April 1943, and the difficult process of reuniting the party began. However, he was soon able to concentrate on organisational work.

Building the base for a mass party, 1943 - 1947
In building up the party, Fahd was guided by his own class feelings and political distrust of the intelligentsia and students, as much as by Leninist principles. He concentrated on the workers in the foreign-owned industries, and was assisted primarily by his trusted supporters Ali Sakar, Zaki Bassim and Ahmad 'Abbas. While a large proportion of the industrial workforce was employed in small locally owned workshops, the party paid less attention to this sector; in many cases they were working for members of their extended family, and in addition they did not have the strategic importance of the Kirkuk oilfield workers, the railwaymen, or the workers at Basra port, all of whom were in large measure won over to the party during Fahd's leadership.

In December 1943 to January 1944, the Syrian-Lebanese Communist Party held a congress and adopted party rules and a programme couched in moderate terms. Perhaps inspired by this example – although his relationship with Khalid Bakdash, first secretary of the Syrian party and doyen of the communist movement in the Arab east, was never an easy one - Fahd relented on the question of holding a congress for the Iraqi party. A party conference met in March 1944 in Ali Shakar's house in the al-Shaikh 'Umar quarter of Baghdad and agreed a National Charter. It also adopted the Syrian party's slogan, A free homeland and a happy people (watanun hurrun wa sha'bun sa'id). The first party congress met a year later.

Arrest and imprisonment, 1947 - 1949
On 18 January 1947 the police found Fahd and Zaki Bassim at the house of a party member, Ibrahim Bajir Shmayyel. All three were arrested and interrogated in the Central Baghdad Investigation Department, before being transferred to Abu Ghraib prison near the capital. Meanwhile, Yehuda Siddiq took over as "first mas'ul" or comrade in charge. Fahd instructed him to hand over control to Malik Saif, but he initially refused to obey.

In Abu Ghraib the three were held in appalling conditions, deprived of daylight for long periods. On 13 June they started a hunger strike in protest. The authorities finally brought the three communists for trial at the High Criminal Court on 20 June. They were charged with "reliance on foreign sources of income", "contact with a foreign state" and with "the party of Khalid Bakdash", designs subversive of the constitutional order and incitement to insurrection, and the propagation of communism along members of the armed forces. On the 23 June all three were found guilty and condemned to death.

The sentences created uproar, and the government backed down, commuting them to life imprisonment for Fahd and fifteen years for Bassim and Shmayyel. The three were transferred from the death row at Abu Ghraib to Baghdad Central Prison and then to Kut Prison.

From Kut, Fahd was able to communicate regularly with the party. After the revolutionary episode of al-Wathbah (the leap of January 1948 in Baghdad), he demanded constant activity. In line with his orders, the country was shaken by strikes and demonstrations between January and May. However, the agitation that took hold of Iraq on account of the Arab-Zionist conflict in Palestine distracted attention from issues that favoured the communists, and the party then lost considerable credibility when it accepted the Soviet Union's position in favour of the partition of Palestine.

A graver setback yet came when, on 9 October 1948, a party member told police the location of the party's secret headquarters. The police raided the house and arrested Yehuda Siddiq, who after 28 days under torture broke down and told his interrogators that Malik Saif was the first mas'ul. Saif, when interrogated, admitted everything. The government thus found out that Fahd was secretly directing the party from Kut prison, and it decided to dispose of him.

Death of Fahd
On 10 February 1949, Fahd was court-martialled on a charge of organising communist activity from prison, along with Zaki Bassim and Muhammad Husain al-Sabibi. All three were sentenced to death. They were hanged on 13 and 14 February in public squares in Baghdad. Fahd was hanged in al-Karkh, in a square that was later named the Square of the New Museum. The bodies were left hanging for several hours as a warning to the populace. Fahd was then buried by the police in an unmarked grave in al-Mu'azzam cemetery.

The death of Fahd appeared at the time to be a grave blow to the Iraqi communist movement. However, a few years later, the party was stronger than ever; a genuine mass movement, it seemed one of the most powerful political organisations of any Arab country. Fahd's organisational work, and the aura of martyrdom associated with his death at the hands of a deeply unpopular government, were essential factors in creating that movement.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Yusuf Salman Yusuf


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User:Jaguar2k

I've added to the following pages: Isotretinoin, Meissner effect, Amphiprotic, Adapalene, Retinoid, Rust, Le Chatelier's principle, Neutralization, Acid-base titration, Salt, Mosh (song), Tetracycline, Influenza.

title: User:Jaguar2k


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Julius Harris

Julius W. Harris (August 17, 1923 – October 17, 2004) was an American actor who appeared in more than 70 movies and numerous television series in a career that spanned four decades. Harris is best known for his roles in 1970s films such as Live and Let Die and the blaxploitation films Super Fly, Black Caesar and Hell Up in Harlem.

Early life and career
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a dancer mother and musician father, Harris worked as a nurse, and a bouncer in New York City jazz clubs. Before he began his acting career, Harris served as a medic in the United States Army during World War II. After hanging out with many struggling actors, he took a dare and auditioned for his first role and was cast as the father in Nothing But a Man, a critically acclaimed 1964 film about black life in the South starring Ivan Dixon and Abbey Lincoln.

Some of his most prominent roles included the villainous, steel-armed Tee Hee in the James Bond film Live and Let Die, Scatter in Super Fly, Bubbletop Woodson in Let's Do It Again, Captain Bollin in Shaft's Big Score, Inspector Daniels in The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, Joseph in Islands in the Stream and Ugandan President Idi Amin in the TV movie Victory at Entebbe.

He also appeared in Trouble Man, King Kong, Black Caesar, Hell Up in Harlem, Friday Foster, Shrunken Heads, Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man and in guest-starring roles on Sanford and Son, Good Times, and Love Boat among others. Harris was a member of the Negro Ensemble Company in New York City and appeared on Broadway in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play, No Place to Be Somebody.

Death
On October 17, 2004, Harris died of heart failure while admitted at Motion Picture and Television Hospital, aged 81. Harris was cremated and interred in Philadelphia, his place of birth. At the time of his death, Harris was survived by his two children; his daughter Kimberly and his son Gideon.

title: Julius Harris


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Communist Party of Abkhazia

The Communist Party of Abkhazia (CPA; Аԥсны Акомунисттә Апартиа; აფხაზეთის კომუნისტური პარტია) is a political party in Abkhazia. Its current leader is Lev Shamba.

History
The CPA was founded in March 1921 with the demand of a separate Abkhaz Soviet Republic. It was then led by Efrem Eshba. Eshba had formed a Bolshevik military-revolutionary committee in Sukhumi in the summer of 1918. Eshba's group demanded direct integration of Abkhazia into the Soviet Union. During the Soviet period, the CPA was a part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1988, the CPA demanded Abkhaz secession.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, the CPA was refounded as an independent party on 4 March 1995. In the nineties, it was led by Enver Kapba. During the first Presidential election of Abkhazia, in 1999, it supported President Ardzinba (who ran unopposed). During the Ardzinba era, it functioned as a loyal opposition party.

The CPA maintains close contacts with communist groups in Russia. It is affiliated to the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union. However, unlike many of the other communist organisations in the region, the CPA has denounced the political legacy of Joseph Stalin.

The CPA planned to hold its 8th congress on 30 October 2013, and Lev Shamba announced that he planned to resign as leader, which he had been for eight years, but he was still Chairman by the time of the Party's twentieth anniversary in 2015.

On 29 February 2016, the Communist Party became a founding member of the Council for the National Unity of the Republic of Abkhazia, uniting political forces that were neither pro-government nor pro-opposition.

title: Communist Party of Abkhazia


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Enjoy! (Descendents album)

Enjoy! is the third studio album by American punk rock band Descendents, released in 1986 through New Alliance Records and Restless Records. It was the band's final album with guitarist Ray Cooper and only album with bassist Doug Carrion, both of whom left the group after the album's first supporting tour. Enjoy! was marked by the use of toilet humor, with references to defecation and flatulence in its artwork, the title track, and "Orgofart". It also displayed a darker, more heavy metal-influenced sound in the songs "Hürtin' Crüe", "Days Are Blood", and "Orgo 51". Reviewers were critical of both the scatological humor and the heavier songs on the album. Enjoy! features a cover version of The Beach Boys' "Wendy".

Writing
Following three tours of the United States in support of 1985's I Don't Want to Grow Up, the Descendents prepared to record their third album, their first with bassist Doug Carrion. As with their prior records, all four band members contributed songwriting ideas to the album. Some of their new songs displayed a heavy metal influence, including "Hürtin' Crüe", the instrumental "Orgo 51", and the nearly 8-minute "Days Are Blood". "We'd been on tour for so long that we wrote some messed-up freakazoid songs like 'Days Are Blood' and all these weird things", recalled singer Milo Aukerman in 2013. The lyrics of "Hürtin' Crüe" derived from a high school classmate of Aukerman's who had earned a score of 1420 on the SAT, gaining him admittance to the United States Military Academy. Gloating about his accomplishment, he sang a taunt that went "I am better than you / You are a piece of poo / 1420". Aukerman incorporated these lyrics into "Hürtin' Crüe".

The song "Enjoy", which became the album's title track, openly celebrates flatulence and foot odor. Drummer Bill Stevenson's "Kids" celebrates the band's love of coffee-fueled hyperactivity, referencing their go-to drink, the "Bonus Cup", a mud-like slurry of coffee grounds, hot water, and sugar. "Thanks to modern chemistry, sleep is now optional" he declares at the song's end. Aukerman and Carrion's "Sour Grapes" is sung from the perspective of a frustrated geek whose advances are rebuffed by a new wave girl.

Recording and cover art
Enjoy! was recorded in March and April 1986 at Radio Tokyo studios in Venice, Los Angeles. The Descendents recorded their own farts live in the studio for inclusion on the title track and "Orgofart" (the latter has no instrumentation, consisting entirely of the band members cheering each other on as they fart into recording equipment). Stevenson produced the album, while studio owner Ethan James and his assistant Richard Andrews served as recording engineers. It was Andrews' first experience recording a band on his own, and he found the Descendents' crude humor startling:

"I was a jazz musician, and I was at Radio Tokyo cutting my own demos. Ethan James, the owner of the studio, said 'If you want to learn how to engineer, I need help.' Finally I'm good enough and he's ready to give me some clients, and he says to me 'There's this record that I want you to do', and I'm like 'Alright! A record! I got a fucking record!' and I go in to do it and it's the Descendents and they're farting. I'm a classically trained musician; I learned to play piano at four, I went to a conservatory for two years, I studied at Berklee College of Music. I know all this stuff, and Bill's like 'Stick the microphone closer to my ass so you can hear this fart!' It was terrible. But as time went on, I discovered that it's not about what you know about the music, it's about 'are you expressing yourself authentically through the music?', and these guys totally brought the idea of authenticity to my fore, and that totally changed my perception of all music. And to have that 'bing' moment from punk rockers was a real mind trip."

Andrews would continue to work with the Descendents and their successor band, All, recording five more of their releases between 1987 and 1989. Stevenson later said that the recording and production qualities on the finished album were "wearing the '80s new wave influence really boldly on the sleeve."

The cover artwork for Enjoy!, which depicts a roll of toilet paper, was drawn by guitarist Ray Cooper under the pseudonym "Scoob Droolins". Rather than listing the song titles on the reverse of the album's sleeve, the band instead replaced them with various euphemisms for feces, such as "floater", "sausage", and "loaf". Stevenson later explained this as an attempt to "come up with as many toilet humor-related jokes as possible."

Release and supporting tours
Enjoy! was released jointly through New Alliance Records and Restless Records as a ten-track LP. In 1987 New Alliance was sold to SST Records, who re-released Enjoy! on LP, cassette, and compact disc. The cassette and CD versions added two additional tracks, "Orgofart" and "Orgo 51". A music video, the band's first, was created for the song "Kids".

The Descendents supported the album with a tour of the United States through the summer of 1986, beginning June 26 in Chicago and proceeding through the Southern and Mid-Atlantic states, into Canada to Montreal and Toronto, then visiting most of the Midwestern states before making their way northwest to Vancouver, and finally down the West Coast of the United States back to Los Angeles by August 30; covering 34 states and 3 Canadian provinces with a total of 58 shows in 56 cities. For most of their July dates they were supported by Dag Nasty. Cooper and Carrion both left the band that fall, in what Carrion later described as an amicable split. They were replaced by bassist Karl Alvarez and guitarist Stephen Egerton who, after practicing with the band for a few months, played on the second Enjoy! tour from late November 1986 to mid-January 1987. This second tour followed a different route, beginning November 20 in Eugene, Oregon and heading north to Vancouver; east into Alberta; southeast through the Western United States into Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas; then westward for stops in Albuquerque, Phoenix, and San Diego before doubling back through Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma; on through the Southern United States; then finally up the East Coast, ending January 16 in Richmond, Virginia having covered 21 states and 2 provinces with a total of 45 shows in 40 cities.

Reception
Jeremy Salmon of Allmusic gave the album two stars out of five, remarking that "Highbrow humor was never a signature of the Descendents, but the toilet-themed album Enjoy! is a bit much." He criticized the scatological humor of "Enjoy", "Orgofart", and the album's artwork, and called the heavy metal-styled "Days Are Blood" and "Orgo 51" "disposable", but noted the similarly heavy "Hürtin' Crüe" as an exception worthy of its inclusion on the band's best-of album Somery. Despite the weaker tracks, he noted that Enjoy! includes several songs central to the Descendents' repertoire, including "Kids", "Wendy", and "Sour Grapes", calling the album "a fine metaphor for the history of the Descendents; no matter what turbulence befell the band, some excellent songs were still able to seep through anything that clogged." Jenny Eliscu of Rolling Stone called Enjoy! "weak overall, due in part to [original bassist Tony Lombardo's] departure, though mostly because of the scatological humor on the title track ('Sniff my ass while I pass gas', goes but one pearl.) The album is rescued by a cover of The Beach Boys' 'Wendy' and the band's own 'Sour Grapes', on which Auckerman gets rejected by a snooty new-wave girl."

Some friends of the band were more complimentary of the album. Dave Naz of Chemical People later remarked that "Milo Goes to College is probably the record you identify most with the band, maybe, but Enjoy! is like, 'Wow!' I don't want to say they polished their sound, but they kind of took it to another level. I think that album best represents them. There's a lot of farting, and that goes on when you're hanging out with those guys." Robert Hecker of Redd Kross cites "Get the Time" as one of his favorite songs: "I regularly lump it in my top three greatest songs in pop music of all time, with 'Hey Jude' and 'Under Pressure'. It's perfect. It is a perfect song. And maybe if [the album] didn't have a toilet paper roll on the cover, it could have sold 20 million copies."

Cover versions
In the decades since its release, several artists have recorded cover versions of songs from Enjoy! for other releases. For the Descendents tribute album Homage: Lots of Bands Doing Descendents' Songs (1995), Inch covered "Kids", Dooms UK covered "Sour Grapes", Snowplow covered "Cheer", Wally covered "Get the Time", and Scarab covered "Green". Saves the Day covered "Cheer" on Ups & Downs: Early Recordings and B-Sides (2004). Good Riddance covered "Sour Grapes" for Milo Turns 50: Songs of the Descendents (2013).

Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.

Band
 * Milo Aukerman – vocals
 * Doug Carrion – bass guitar
 * Ray Cooper – guitar; cover illustrations (as "Scoob Droolins")
 * Bill Stevenson – drums, producer, backing vocals on "Green"

Production
 * Richard Andrews – recording engineer
 * Ethan James – recording engineer

title: Enjoy! (Descendents album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alturas

Alturas and its redirects were proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 10 votes to delete. All other votes were ignored because anonymous, sock puppets, or outright fraud (multiple votes posted by same IP...as if we couldn't tell). Postdlf 03:42, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Alturas
Entirely non-notable online community. Also AlturasForums and Alty, redirects. — Dan | Talk 23:19, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC) Keep- Elfy Alturas is great...stop dissing it people. Why dont you just take a look at it? If you bothered to, maybe you should see!
 * Delete. Postdlf 23:23, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Indrian 23:27, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Rickk 23:44, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. 84.129.120.107 23:51, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Struck down due to presence of impostor account and anonymous vote. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 23:54, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)
 * Keep. 68.237.132.109 01:12, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Anonymous vote.
 * Keep. ~TSQ~
 * see -[[User:Frazzydee|Frazzydee|✍]] 01:18, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Either delete or trim drastically. - Mike Rosoft 01:46, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Changed my vote to a clear delete because of the bogus votes. Had the article any merit, there would be no need for them. - Mike Rosoft 10:15, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete all: Wikipedia is not a web guide or advertising medium.  Delete as advertising. Geogre 03:59, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 06:42, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 22:15 Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. JohnEZ 23:44, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Another bogus vote. (Stop sabotaging the voting process!) - Mike Rosoft 22:49, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. hmorgan 15:21, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'm a member of Alturas. I rely on Wikipedia for info not found elsewhere. However, I wold have thought such a site would be run by intelligent people. All you guys want to do is sabotage us. What have we done? Nothing. Not a damn thing. IF the Frontier, a sister site, has a post, we should too. Now, I doubt this will be heard, but sobeit. I have said what I wanted to. Now delete me like you have everyone else.
 * Votes from anonymous contributors are generally disregarded. So are votes from accounts created just in order to vote. Pretending that you have a Wikipedia account will not help. - Mike Rosoft 14:15, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. 203.43.164.13 00:01, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC) Memee- Alturas Rocks ^_^ I see nothing wrong with it...it's excellent, and full of happy people, who are actually willing to help others, and be very nice to you. They help you through problems, and even give current world situation information. I say keep it.
 * Anonymous vote. - Mike Rosoft 14:15, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. TehSchoom What is the problem here? Everyone with a positive opinion is being struck down, including some of the more respected members of our foruming community. If other similar sites keep their spots on Wikipedia, we should too. I second hmorgan's comment, and I think that people with legitimate comments are being ignored and disrespected, as is AlturasForums itself. If I must, I will walk away from this site with a heavy heart and a bitter taste in my mouth, becase I thought this site was better than that. And I will do my part to save this entry.
 * Once again, not a user account. (Votes from TehSchoom, hmorgan, and ~TSQ~, as well as one anonymous vote have originated from the single IP address.) - Mike Rosoft 14:15, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment I must say, the actions of certain members of this "community" here do not speak well for them. Indrian 00:17, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete how scummy can you get? [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]] 21:31, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete with prejudice, considering this vote spam their forum is generating. Not encyclopedic. Ashibaka ✎ 21:24, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopaedic, and with all the bogus votes going on, its clear that someone has an agenda over the page Kiand 00:26, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This is this user's first edit. RickK 06:44, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alturas


text:
Penngrove, California

Penngrove is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sonoma County, California, United States, situated between the cities of Petaluma and Cotati, at the foot of the western flank of Sonoma Mountain. It is part of the North Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 2,522 at the 2010 census.

The area is the site of a historic grove called Penn's Grove; it was formerly a freight station on the Northwestern Pacific Railroad and a center of egg and chicken farming.

Geography
Penngrove's downtown consists of Main Street, a 0.3 mi street linking Old Redwood Highway to Adobe Road. Penngrove School is located at the corner of Adobe Road, where Main Street becomes Petaluma Hill Road.

Lichau Creek flows southward through the town, paralleling the railway. The creek feeds into the Petaluma River, which flows to San Pablo Bay.

Due to the Sonoma Mountain's ancient volcanism, Penngrove is rich with obsidian and petrified wood. Its soil is unique, composed mainly of clay-like adobe, which has been used for centuries as building material. A prime example of adobe architecture is the Rancho Petaluma Adobe, a State Historic Park in nearby Petaluma.

Penngrove enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 4 mi2, all of it land.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Penngrove had a population of 2,522. The population density was 626.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Penngrove was 2,212 (87.7%) White, 19 (0.8%) African American, 24 (1.0%) Native American, 54 (2.1%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 112 (4.4%) from other races, and 99 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 292 persons (11.6%).

The Census reported that 99.6% of the population lived in households and 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 1,040 households, out of which 260 (25.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 483 (46.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 117 (11.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 65 (6.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 80 (7.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 10 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 285 households (27.4%) were made up of individuals, and 83 (8.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42. There were 665 families (63.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.89.

The population was spread out, with 442 people (17.5%) under the age of 18, 244 people (9.7%) aged 18 to 24, 585 people (23.2%) aged 25 to 44, 889 people (35.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 362 people (14.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.

There were 1,120 housing units at an average density of 278.3 /sqmi, of which 61.5% were owner-occupied and 38.5% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.1%. 64.6% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 35.0% lived in rental housing units.

History
The Mexican government granted Rancho Cotate to Captain Juan Castaneda in July 1844 for his military services in the region. The grant encompassed present-day Penngrove, Cotati and Rohnert Park. Cotate Rancho is a part of Vallejo Township which encompasses the plain between Sonoma Mountain and Petaluma Creek, San Pablo Bay, with an east–west line dividing the tract from Santa Rosa Township."

Rancho Cotate was sold in 1849 to Dr. Thomas S. Page of Cotati, and eventually broken up and sold off piecemeal to incoming settlers.

The first European settlers in the Penngrove area were David Wharff, W.J. Hardin, and J.M. Palmer, who arrived in 1852.

In October 1870, the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad completed the first railroad from Petaluma to Santa Rosa, running through Penngrove.

Culture
Every summer on the Sunday closest to July 4, Penngrove celebrates the 4th of July with a parade sponsored by the Penngrove Social Firemen. On Saturday at the Penngrove Fire Station, located at the corner of Main Street and Old Redwood Highway, the Rancho Adobe Firefighters' Association sponsors a breakfast.

Name
The naming of Penngrove is uncertain; there are three main "histories" of the name's origin.

Ruth Anderson, the famous "Bell-Lady" of Penngrove (who lived on the site of the old schoolhouse on Oak Street), recalls, "In the late 1860s, two brothers by the name of Penn came out from Pennsylvania and bought 80 acre of land in this area. They planted the area with olive trees, but when the trees matured it was found that the olives were not edible. The Penn brothers tore out many of the groves, sold the land and moved away. However, while they were here, they named their place Penn's Grove. Later it was changed to "Penn Grove," and still later, because our mail got confused with that of Pine Grove (the former name of Sebastopol), the U.S. Postoffice Department changed the name to one word—Penngrove." (Harris 1980)

Other accounts state that because there was another town with the name of Penn's Grove in New Jersey, this could be a reason as to why the post office changed the name. Others claim that the Woodward family, who came from Pennsylvania, named their property Penn's Grove in honor of their home state.

Community development

Along with the chicken and egg industry, Penngrove was a source of basalt paving stones, which were used to pave the streets of major cities in the Bay Area, including San Francisco. Harris notes that 200 men were employed at the three major cobblestone quarries at the end of the 19th century, and that quarry scars can still be seen dotting the hills between East Railroad Avenue and Roberts Road. When the Northwestern Pacific Railroad was completed in 1870, the paving stone industry kept Penngrove station busy. After the turn of the century, Penngrove became the "second largest egg and poultry producing area in the country. Only Petaluma outdid this area" (Harris 1980). Apparently, according to The San Francisco Examiner, chickens paid better than gold mines. To this day, many dilapidated chicken houses dot old farms and country roads in the area.

Penngrove Community Church
One of the oldest buildings in Penngrove, the old Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1898 at the corner of Formschlag Lane and Petaluma Hill Road. In 1910, the church was moved on wooden rollers to its present location at 9970 Oak Street. The original building now serves as a fellowship hall, while a newer structure, built in 1955–7, now serves as the main sanctuary. The original structure is still used by Girl Scouts of the USA, Boy Scouts of America, 4-H, and various other community organizations.

Penngrove School
The first classes were taught in a small building on Peters' Ranch (Harris 1980: 33). In 1876, the first school was built at the southwest corner of Adobe Road and Main Street. It was named the Eagle School after the Eagle Hotel located across Main Street and shown on Thompson's map of Sonoma County (1877). In 1906 after construction of the second Eagle School, the old school was used as a teacher's residence. It was later moved about 50 ft south to its current location and reconfigured into an ell. The second Eagle School was built between Main and Oak streets. The original structure no longer exists, and a private home now stands on that property, however, the steps leading to "Eagle School" from Main Street are still visible. Some of building materials were recycled for construction of the Community Center and a small building in Penngrove Park. In 1926 a beautiful mission-style school house was built and named Penngrove School, Eagle District. Penngrove School joined the Petaluma City School District in 1962. In 1963, the present multi-purpose room was constructed and newer wings were developed between it and the older portion of the school. The multi-purpose room was expanded with a stage in 2006. The 1926 school building is now primarily used for offices and the school library.

Post Office
"The Post Office at Penn's Grove was established on October 30, 1882. A series of name changes occurred because of mail mix-ups with Penn's Grove, New Jersey and Pine Grove (later renamed Sebastopol). In May 1895 the Petaluma paper reported: 'The Penngrove Post Office has had its name changed again and is now officially known by its former and best known title, Penn's Grove.' In 1908 the name was changed back to Penngrove and has remained so since" (Harris 1980). The first Post Office was located in the Edwards Building and was then moved into the Terribilini Building on the East side of Main Street. It was then moved next to Penngrove Market and a new structure for the Post Office was built in the 1980s on Main Street across from Penngrove Market.

Fire Department
At the turn of the century, three fire chemical carts served as Penngrove's fire protection. The foundation of Firehouse #1 can be found between Penngrove Church and the Old Eagle School lot on Oak Street. "The fire department was established in the fall of 1928. In 1929 the first fire engine was put into service" (Harris 1980). In 1938, the art deco fire house was built on Woodward Avenue, just above Main Street. This structure still bears the title "Penngrove Firehouse." It is a now a private residence. In 1975, the current firehouse was built at the corner of Old Redwood Highway and Main Street, the unofficial entrance to Penngrove. Until the 1990s, a siren placed at the top of the building would sound in order to alert volunteer firefighters of a fire. The siren had a greater than 1.5 mi radius and could be heard frequently through the hot, dry summer months. This system was replaced by pagers in the 1990s, although the siren remains perched on top of the firehouse. Currently, the Penngrove Firehouse is part of the Rancho Adobe Fire District, along with Cotati and other surrounding communities.

Penngrove Community Club House
"During World War I, a group of Penngrove ladies met in Evart's Hall to do Red Cross work. After the war they decided they wanted to stay together as a group and have a club house of their own" (Harris 1980: 33). In 1922, after raising funds and materials, Penngrove came together to build the Community Club House. The total cost was $9,000. The building was first named the "Penngrove Social Welfare Club House", but was later shortened to Penngrove Women's Club House. After a fire destroyed portions of the building in the late 1970s and the Women's Club could no longer afford the upkeep, the Penngrove Social Firemen bought the building. It is now used for various community events, such as voting and fundraisers.

Bank Building
"The Bank Building was built in 1922 for the Central Commercial and Savings Bank. The bank lasted only 2 or 3 years. The bank manager and his family lived upstairs" (Harris 1980: 48).

Penngrove Rail Station
The Penngrove Rail Station burned to the ground in 1980, and nothing of it survives. The poultry loading docks still exist behind Penngrove Market, adjacent to Penngrove Park, and now house businesses.

title: Penngrove, California


text: User talk:83.103.239.4

title: User talk:83.103.239.4


text:
The Cobbler

The Cobbler (Beinn Artair) is an 884 m mountain located near the head of Loch Long in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is a Corbett, and is an important site for rock climbing in the Southern Highlands. Many maps include the name Ben Arthur (an anglicisation of the Gaelic), but the name The Cobbler is more widely used. In the 19th century it was referred to as The Cobbler and his Wife.

Arrochar Alps
The mountain is part of the Arrochar Alps. It is named for its large rocky summit features which are supposed to represent a cobbler bending over his last. The features are visible many miles away from the mountain. Despite the mountain falling short of Munro height, due to its summit features and ease of access, it is one of the most popular mountains in Scotland.

Three summits
The Cobbler has three summits: the middle one is the highest. The top is crowned by a rocky outcrop that marks the true summit.

The three summits are tightly grouped around a small corrie (glacial cirque), but their form is due to large-scale landslipping, not ice erosion. The North Peak is deeply fissured, with climbing routes caving up through it. The Summit and South Peak are the remnants of a ridge which has visibly slipped away into Glen Croe, making much of the west side hazardous or impassable.

Available paths
The most common route starts from the village of Succoth, at the head of Loch Long. Originally, the route first headed directly up the hillside, following the remains of an old tramway built as part of a water collection scheme. A newly constructed path has now been built, by-passing the tramway and zig-zagging up the hillside to give a more gentle ascent through an area of forestry. This path meets up with the old tramway path and continues from there, following a burn (stream) known as the Allt a' Bhalachain. From here the path bypasses the Narnain Boulders, steepening at around 600 m. Nearer the top, the path flattens out at a bealach (mountain pass), which is marked by a cairn. Several peaks may be accessed from this point.

Beside the route described above, the summits may also be reached starting from the A83 Rest-and-be-Thankful road through Glen Croe to the west, by following the rocky south-eastern ridge up from Loch Long, or from the Bealach a' Mhàim. This bealach, at 640 m, allows Ben Arthur to be combined with some of the other Arrochar Alps, such as Beinn Narnain and Beinn Ìme.

Climbing
The Cobbler is the most important site for rock climbing in the Southern Highlands, and Scotland's first climbing club was the Cobbler Club, founded in 1866.

title: The Cobbler


text:
Talk:Google

Proposed merge of Google AI into Google
A division of Google. Article has little content, is more like a stub. We don't normally have separate articles on company divisions unless these divisions enjoy notability independent from the parent, which is obviously not the case here. — kashmīrī  TALK  12:40, 14 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose Google AI is an integral division of Google, and will likely continue to grow in size and importance in the coming years, as the company continues to place greater emphasis on AI. InfiniteNexus (talk) 16:18, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Irrespective of their size, I will argue that company divisions are inherently non-notable as, barring rare exceptions, they normally fail WP:INHERITORG. — kashmīrī  TALK  14:16, 13 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Google AI is likely going to expand in the future with the recent release of technology such as PaLM 2. For “future proofing” purposes, I argue leaving the article as-is is better. KnowledgeSeek23 (talk) 04:13, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Weak Support, but ideally wait. I'm viewing this as WP:TOOSOON, but it also may be "too soon to merge".  Invading Invader  (userpage, talk) 18:39, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Decent Support I believe that generally, having less pages on Wikipedia makes it less confusing for people, especially when they are stubs/start-class articles that would belong better in a section of another article. Maybe in the future, it will have a more significant impact, but for now, I believe that it should be merged. It's a branch of a company that is related enough to the main company to warrant a merge. The Troutinator 🐟 - Slap me | What I've slapped 05:19, 17 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Support for now, it can always be split into its own article in the future. Persent101 (talk) 02:45, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
 * On current content I lean towards a merge without prejudice to expansion, but not sure where it would be merged to. There is no individual coverage of divisions here. CMD (talk) 04:46, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment Listen, folks. A merge doesn't make sense. Even if the article has few sources, this is clearly a Sources exist situation. And as Chipmunkdavis noted, where would be a good merge target? The term "Google AI" isn't even mentioned on article. InfiniteNexus (talk) 18:13, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. No need for a separate stub specifically for Google's ai r&d wing. Cfls (talk) 19:15, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Google Brain, Google_DeepMind ( both already merged together by google ) can be combined into Google AI - But Google AI should be standalone should not be combined into GoogleGsgdd (talk) 20:55, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * See my Talk:Google_AI Gsgdd (talk) 21:26, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * This comment (and suggestion) makes no sense. To copy what I replied on the other page: Huh? Google DeepMind and Google Brain did not "merge to create Google AI". DeepMind and Google Brain merged to create Google DeepMind. To accommodate this change, the page DeepMind was moved to Google DeepMind, and the wording on Google Brain was tweaked. In any case, it would be unreasonable to merge the substantial content of Google Brain into the very large Google DeepMind. InfiniteNexus (talk) 04:38, 11 November 2023 (UTC)

 * On a procedural note, one of the templates was removed with this edit on the 11th December, functionally ending the proposal before a formal merge close; I've now removed the other template, but of course anyone is free to start a new proposal - or just update the Google AI page with more on Gemini ... Klbrain (talk) 15:53, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

"Google." listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google.&redirect=no Google.] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Gonnym (talk) 12:16, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: NAS 348 Global Climate Change
— Assignment last updated by TotalSolarEclipse (talk) 16:54, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - SP24 - Sect 201 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by XiaoyuChennyu (talk) 01:01, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Google


text:
List of photographic films

This is a list of currently available photographic films in a still camera film format. This includes recently discontinued films that remain available from stock at main suppliers. Films are listed by brand name. Still camera photographic films no longer in production (or available) are included in the list of discontinued photographic films. Films for movie making are included in the list of motion picture film stocks.

P - Polyester base; T- Triacetate base; SUC-27/39 - Single use camera with 27/39 exposures.

ADOX
The current rights to the historic ADOX name were obtained in 2003 by Fotoimpex of Berlin, Germany, a company founded in 1992 to import photographic films and papers from the former Eastern Bloc. ADOX (Fotoimpex) subsequently established a film factory in Bad Sarrow outside Berlin to convert and package films, papers and chemicals. In February 2015 they acquired use of the former Ilford Imaging (Ciba Geigy) machine E, medium scale coating line at Marly, Switzerland. From 2017 to 2018 they doubled the size of the Bad Sarrow factory to be able to install film coating capability (still in progress in 2024) and medium scale photochemistry manufacture.

The ADOX name traces back to the oldest photographic film manufacturer in the world, started in 1860 in Germany. In the 1970s, Dupont the owners of the Adox brand sold the recipes and machinery of their B&W films to Fotokemika in Croatia who continued to produce the films under the Efke brand. The films were subsequently imported by Fotoimpex and sold as ADOX CHS Art thus re-uniting the ADOX name with the films. After Fotokemikas closure in 2012, ADOX CHS II was produced for ADOX using modern cascade coating and since then the range of products has been expanded.

Agfa-Gevaert
Agfa-Gevaert is headquartered in Mortsel, Belgium and following the sale of its consumer films division (See AgfaPhoto), now only manufactures commercial films; 'Aviphot' for aerial photography and 'Copex' archival microfilms (since 2013 Copex films are branded 'Imagelink' for Eastman Park Micrographics ). Some of these films are however repackaged for consumer use by Maco under its Rollei brand and by Japan Camera Hunter, Silberra and ADOX.

AgfaPhoto
The AGFA consumer film division with its plant in Leverkusen, Germany was spun off by Agfa-Gevaert into a new company AGFA PHOTO in 2004. At buy out the firm was split into a holding company Agfa-Photo Holding GMBH (licenses) and manufacturing company Agfa-Photo GMBH (leverkusen). The manufacturing company went bankrupt in 7 months resulting in the closure of the Leverkusen plant in 2005. The holding company was unaffected and retains a trademark license from Agfa-Gevaert for the use of the AgfaPhoto brand and 'red dot' logo on products having a photographic application. Since 2005 these rights for consumer film products have been sub-licensed to Lupus Imaging & Media. The colour negative and slide films were made by Ferrania from 2005, whilst black and white films were converted by Ferrania from stored master rolls of AGFA stock. Ferrania closed in 2009. Replacement colour films were supplied by Fujifilm until this contract ended in early 2018, ending the sale of colour film under the AgfaPhoto brand. Black & White films were replaced by new films made by Harman Technology after 2013.

Argenti
Based in Gijón, Spain, Argenti offer a small range of B&W films, converted from bulk in their own packaging.

Arista EDU
Arista EDU Ultra is a budget range of Black & White films produced for Freestyle Photographic, USA in three speeds (ISO 100, 200, 400) in 135, 120 and sheet film formats. They are currently the same as the equivalent speed films produced by FOMA. 135 films are not DX coded.

Bergger
Based in France Bergger was established in 1995 and offers a single B&W film manufactured on their behalf; Panchro 400 introduced in 2015 replacing BRF400.

CatLABS
CatLABS is a photographic retailer in Boston, USA. Two own branded films were launched in 2019.

Cinestill
Based in USA Cinestill was established in 2012 and converts Eastman Kodak motion picture stock into 135 and 120 still camera formats. Colour stock is suitable for C-41 process as it is missing the normal Remjet backing, a separate lubricating and Anti-halation backing used to protect the film in motion picture cameras. This means that the films lack the normal anti-halation layer also found in still camera film resulting in a characteristic 'glow' in highlights due to the internal reflection back through the film in the camera.

dubblefilm
A range of 'creative' colour films launched in 2017 in conjunction with mobile app 'dubble'. The films were produced by KONO! a small European analogue photographic company based in Austria. In 2019 they announced a tie up with Revelog also in Austria, films will now offer 36 exp, effects are improved and some films were renamed.

Ferrania
FILM Ferrania s.r.l. is a photographic film manufacturing company located in Ferrania (Liguria), Italy. Following closure of the original Ferrania factory in 2009 the company was re-founded in 2013 following a kickstarter campaign and support from the regional government to build a new film manufacturing base using the former Ferrania Research Laboratory (L.R.F.) and its narrow coater. Although initial plans focused on re-introducing a colour slide film, FILM Ferrania commenced manufacturing a B&W still film in February 2017 based on P30, a classic 1960s motion picture film stock, being a simpler proposition. Production of the P30 'Alpha' ceased in mid 2018 due to further works to the L.R.F building and need to refine production to reduce wastage and P30 production did not recommence until late 2019. A new Orthochromatic film was launched in 2023.

Film Photography Project
Established in 2009 by Michael Raso, Film Photography Project (FPP) sources a variety of still films including those originally made for technical, motion pictures, industrial or aerial applications for creative purposes.

Film Washi
Factory in Saint-Nazaire, France. Launched in 2013, producing a handcrafted B&W film, handcoated on traditional Washi paper. Also converting other B&W films industrially coated in larger factories and originally made for technical, motion pictures, industrial or aerial applications for creative purposes.

Flic Film
Located in Alberta, Canada, Flic Film packages 35mm cinema film from Eastman Kodak and Orwo into cassettes for stills photography and also produces its own house brand photo chemicals. The film is rolled by machine directly from 1000 foot reels and finished with a machine cut leader.

Foma Bohemia
Foma Bohemia spol. s.r.o, established 1921 with factory located in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, remains one of the last traditional producers of panchromatic B&W (black and white) photo materials including films, papers and chemistry. Films branded as Arista EDU also come from this source.

FUJIFILM
FUJIFILM is a Japanese manufacturer of photographic films, chemistry, papers and cameras established in 1934. Although now a diversified company it is one of only two remaining major manufacturers (with Kodak) of colour film. The film range currently comprises: Consumer films; FujiColor/ FujiColor Superia and Professional films; Neopan, Velvia and Provia. FujiColor Pro professional color negative films were discontinued in 2021. Instax is a range of instant films and cameras launched in 1998 which now outsell the traditional products. In 2021 Fujifilm began sourcing some of its color negative film production from Eastman Kodak under 'Fujifilm' branding. Fujifilm distribution depends on worldwide region with a number of Japan specific products sometimes available as Parallel imports.

In March 2023, Fujifilm announced it was no longer taking orders for Colour films in Japan due to a shortage of raw materials affecting production.

Instant films

 * These are marketed by format, rather than emulsion.

HARMAN
See ILFORD for company details

Holga
The Holga is a low cost plastic medium format 120 film camera, made in Hong Kong, known for its low-fidelity aesthetic. A Holga branded B&W film stock is produced by FOMA.

ILFORD
Harman Technology trading as Ilford Photo is a UK manufacturer of photographic materials based in Mobberley, Cheshire known worldwide for its ILFORD branded black and white films, papers and chemicals. The company also produces films under its Kentmere and Harman brands, with a colour negative film added in 2023. Harman Technology undertakes contract coating of B&W films and/or conversion/packaging of films for other brands. ILFORD films are also produced in a wider range of sheet and bulk roll film sizes including Ultra Large Format arranged through an annual group buying scheme.

(Note: the ILFORD brand is shared with Ilford Imaging Europe who also own the ILFOCOLOR tradermark but other than a common heritage, there is no connection between the two companies).

ILFORD Imaging (Europe)
ILFORD Imaging Europe GmbH and based in Germany, was created following the bankruptcy of Ilford Imaging Switzerland in 2014 and its plant at Marly, Friborg built for Cibachrome/Ilfochrome production, later inkjet paper. The Ilford Imaging and ILFORD trademarks was acquired by a joint venture of Australian firm CR Kennedy & Company Pty Ltd and the Japan-based Chugai Photo Chemical Company. The Galerie range of inkjet papers was relaunched in August 2014. The company holds the rights to the Ilford trademark for photographic applications but otherwise has no connection to Ilford Photo.

Japan Camera Hunter
Bellamy Hunt is a camera collector and runs the website Japan Camera Hunter. He released his own branded film in 2016, using a B&W traffic surveillance film manufactured by Agfa Gevaert.

Kentmere
Kentmere is a brand of classic grain B&W films introduced in 2009 and produced by Harman Technology in Mobberley, Cheshire, UK. Originally designed as a lower priced brand to their Ilford offer to compete in the US market they are now available worldwide. Similar films are also made by Harman Technology for the Agfaphoto, Oriental and Rollei brands. The name is derived from the Kentmere based photographic paper brand acquired by Ilford in 2007 and the films are particularly aimed at the student market and those new to black and white photography, due to their lower cost and 'forgiving' exposure latitude. Film names and packaging were revised in 2018. On 1 December 2022, 120 format film was added to the range.

Kodak
Kodak is a USA manufacturer of photographic films established in 1888 and one of only two major manufacturers (with Fujifilm) still producing colour film. Kodak films for still cameras are manufactured by Eastman Kodak in Rochester, New York, USA but since its Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2012 are now sold and marketed by Kodak Alaris, a separate company controlled by the Kodak UK Pension fund based in Hertfordshire, UK. The film range is divided into Consumer films, (ColorPlus and Gold/Ultramax) and Professional films, (Tri-X, T-MAX, Ektar, Portra and Ektachrome). Kodak continues to invest in film with 2018 seeing the re-introduction of two films, TMAX P3200 and Ektachrome. A wider range of sheet film sizes for some products are available by a group buying scheme managed for Kodak Alaris by Canham Cameras, USA.

KONO!
Launched in 2014, KONO! is a small European analogue photographic company based in Austria that produces a range of 'creative' 35mm format films. Most KONO! films are based on stock originally intended for shooting motion pictures, scientific purposes or other places photosensitive emulsions were used. All films are hand rolled onto recycled 135 film cassettes. Kono! also produced creative films for the 'dubblefilm' brand until early 2019.

Kosmo Foto
Stephen Dowling runs the website Kosmo Foto (Previously Zorki Photo, renamed because the name Zorki was still being used in Russia ). He released his own branded B&W film in 2017, supplied by Foma Bohemia, the packaging of which is noted for its bold Soviet-era inspired artwork, with a second film added in 2021.

Lomography
Headquarters in Vienna, Austria. Lomography is a globally-active organization dedicated to analogue, experimental and creative photography. Lomography procures films from film manufacturers to sell under the lomography brand. They also provide film in 110 format.

Color negative films
Colour films 100, 400, 800 are thought to be based on Kodacolor VR formulations from the mid-1980s. All currently manufactured by Kodak in USA.

Color reversal (slide) films
Although made for cross processing in C-41 process chemistry these films will provide normal slides if E-6 processed.

Luckyfilm
Lucky Group Corporation in Baoding, Héběi province, China produced a range of colour, black and white, and chromogenic black and white consumer films. Colour film was produced initially in conjunction with Kodak after signing a 20-year partnership which Kodak ended in 2007 after four years. Howewer, after a long pause in 2024 Luckyfilm re-released their SHD-400 black and white film. Luckyfilm also plans, if the demand is there, to re-release their color film stock as well.

Oriental
Oriental is a Japanese brand of photographic films and papers owned by Cyber Graphics Co, Tokyo. The photographic films are produced by Harman Technology, UK and are similar to the Kentmere films. They were developed as a budget B&W film for the Japanese market.

ORWO
ORWO is a brand of black and white film products, made in Germany. Once part of AGFA, the partition of Germany saw the company divided, the East German company becoming VEB Film und Chemiefaserwerk Agfa Wolfen, which later adopted the brand ORWO (ORiginal WOlfen) in 1964. The company was privatised in 1990 as ORWO AG, but film production ceased in 1994 following the liquidation of the company. One of the successor companies, ORWO FilmoTec GmbH was founded in 1998 to produce high quality black and white cinema and technical films, based in Wolfen including the Camera films UN54 and N75 (List of motion picture film stocks) which are widely re-packaged for still film use. In 2020 FilmoTec was brought under common ownership with film manufacturer InovisCoat GmbH, also based in Germany to offer products for the film industry under the traditional brand “ORWO”. In 2022 they announced the introduction of a still camera black and white film under their own brand. Subsequently, a new C-41 Colour film was announced.

Polaroid
Polaroid B.V. is a Dutch photography company that was founded in 2008 as the 'Impossible Project' to re-introduce instant film for Polaroid cameras. Impossible bought the production machinery from Polaroid for $3.1 million and leased a building, called Building Noord, which was formerly part of the Polaroid plant in Enschede, Netherlands but had to re-invent the emulsions and processes. Polaroid Corporation's brand and intellectual property were acquired by Impossible Project's largest shareholder in 2017 and the company was later renamed 'Polaroid Originals' before becoming 'Polaroid' in 2020. Based in Enschede, Polaroid manufactures film for its own and selected original Polaroid instant cameras. Instant films are marketed by format rather than emulsion.

Rera
Rera is a brand of photographic film for 127 (4x4) format roll film cameras assembled in Japan by Kawauso-Shoten. Film is converted for 127 format and sold through main retailers.

Revolog
Revolog is a small company based in Vienna, Austria which re-manufactures and sells a range of creative 'special effects' still camera films. Revolog take standard ISO 200 color film in 135 format and pre-expose the rolls with a special effect. In 2019 they also re-manufacture creative films for dubblefilm.

Rollei
The Rollei brand for photographic film is licensed to Maco (Hans O. Mahn GmbH & Co. KG, Maco Photo Products) a German-based supplier of photographic films. Headquarters in Stapelfeld, Germany. They offer a range of polyester* base black and white and colour films originally for aerial photography produced by Agfa-Gevaert and converted by Maco for still camera use and general purpose triacetate base RPX 100/400 black and white films from Harman Technology / Ilford Photo. (Note: Polyester base films must be loaded in subdued light to avoid light piping effect).

SFL
Sreda film lab is based in Moscow, Russia. These films are repackaged from bulk rolls into 35mm cassettes or 120 rolls by Sreda for still camera use. Film is packaged with distinctive original artwork. 120 films are wrapped in silver foil.

Shanghai
The Shanggong Shanghai Photosensitive material factory (formerly Shanghai ShenBei photosensitive material factory), was established in 1958 in Shanghai, China producing a black and white film primarily for domestic production as well as X-ray materials. Production was interrupted in 2015–6 due to new factory construction. It is part of the Shanggong group conglomerate. In 2019, 135 film was announced under the Shanghai name by a new company and photographic wholesaler Shanghai Jiancheng Technology Ltd that has acquired the rights to the name and companies assets, but initially appears to be re-packaged ORWO product. Formats includes 220 and 620 medium format film.

Silberra
The company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia was founded in 2009 producing analog film products. It adopted the Silberra name in 2017 to introduce a range of Black & white films. Funding was sought through an indiegogo crowdfunding campaign to launch six new films. Three panchromatic films are available from launch based on Agfa-Gevaert Aviphot products. Two orthochromatic films were added in 2018. Silberra also offer cinema film from ORWO and Kodak in 135 cassettes for still use Фотопленки

SPUR
SPUR (Speed Photography & Ultra high Resolution) is a supplier of own brand specialist photochemistry and films based in Langerwehe, Germany. Two black & white films produced by Agfa-Gevaert are sold under their own brand.

Svema (Astrum)
Founded in Soviet times in 1931, the Svema film factory and chemical plant in Shostka, Ukraine was once the second largest film producer in Europe. Final coating of X-ray films occurred in 2003 and the plant closed completely in 2005. After attempts by the state to sell the business, bankruptcy processes were completed in 2015. The coating machinery was sold for scrap and the main buildings were demolished ca. 2018. However, a decade prior to closure, a small group of Svema employees had founded Astrum holdings in a rented building on the site in 1995, buying bulk film from various sources which they converted and packaged, for retail sale. Originally sold under the Astrum name (film expiring up to 2019), they later acquired rights to the Svema trademark and now apply the name to a range of films for nostalgic value. (Tasma for NK-2). The current range comprises polyester (thin) base films of the kind used for aerial/surveillance photography. Potential suppliers include Agfa-Gevaert and Tasma.

UltraFine
UltraFine is the house trade brand of photo retailer Photo Warehouse of California, USA who has been producing own brand products since 1979. Photo Warehouse has historically offered three major Black and White Photo Films, Ultrafine Black and White Films 1979 to 2012, Ultrafine Plus Films 2002 to 2011, and Ultrafine Xtreme Films from 2008 to the present day. The current Xtreme films are manufactured by Harman Technology based on packaging and codes. The 135 films are still offered in 12 exp cassettes.

VIBE
Film brand mainly sold in Asia, but can also be found on sale in Europe.

Yodica
Yodica is a small company established in Milan, Italy in 2018, which produces and sells a range of creative 'special effects' still camera films. Yodica takes ISO 400 color film in 135 format and pre-expose the film with a special effect. Films are not DX coded.

title: List of photographic films


text:
Cabreúva

Cabreúva is a municipality (município) in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 50,429 (2020 est.) in an area of 260.23 km2. The elevation is 640 m. The city takes its name from the Cabreúva tree (Myrocarpus frondosus), known as Kaburé-Iwa ("owl tree") in Tupi language.

History
The city was established in the beginning of the 18th century by a member of the Martins e Ramos family, from the city of Itu, who followed the Tietê River to this place in a valley between the three mountains Japi, Guaxatuba and Taguá. Sugar cane was planted in the area for distilled beverage production, which earned the city its nickname Terra da Pinga.

Geography
The landscape is dominated by the mountains (Japi, Guaxatuba and Taguá) and the Tietê river. The altitudes vary between 640 m in the center of the city up to 1,200 m Serra do Japi. The area of the city is 260 km2, of which 96 km2 are urban and 165 km2 are rural.

Demographics
According to the 2000 IBGE Census, the population was 33,100, of which 25,760 are urban and 7,340 are rural. The life expectancy was 71.14 years. The literacy rate was 90.05%.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Events

 * March 24: Day of the municipal anniversary

title: Cabreúva


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Instedalen Skule

Instedalen Skule
 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus.

Instedalen Skule
Delete. Another completely unremarkable school, this time in Norway. Indrian 23:26, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * D Wow, this one's even up a valley. Chris 02:11, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete And it was shut down because there were no students? That definitely makes it notable.  —Lowellian (talk)   03:23, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's furthest up the valley. Which valley?  The one with no children in it.  Were any pied pipers seen nearby?  Non-encyclopedic. Geogre 03:58, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Not especially notable, but an example of a Norwegian school closed down due to urbanization. I don't really see why it should be deleted as it is now. contrapuncti 21:55, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's an example of a Norwegian school closed down due to lack of students. Why does this make it any different from any other school that closed down due to the supply of inmates drying up? 62.252.32.11 02:20, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Curse my inability to notice my cokkie expired >_< Chris 02:22, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Why does it have do be different from other schools to be mentioned at Wikipedia? The information in the article is correct and quite encyclopedic. Should it be impossible to look up Norwegian schools just because some find it an uninteresting subject? contrapuncti 07:32, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Why must you automatocally assume that people want to delete this page because it is uninteresting to them? I find math to be absolutely ghastly, but I would never condone the deletion of the many pages on wikipedia dealing with various theorems.  The fact of the matter is that this is not a directory of schools, it is an encyclopedia.  This means that the goal, at least in my opinion, should be to record those pieces of knowledge that contribute to a greater understaning of the world around us and of the human response to that world.  When a school does something daring and new, or is the site of a historic event, or is a prestigious center of learning, or perhaps even has several distinguished alumni (not entirely sure about that one myself) then it should be included.  Every school in this world that is or ever has been is not worthy of remembrance in this medium. This is not wikipedia policy, just one member's opinion on how to interpret the goals of the project.  You are free to disagree with me and lend your voice to discussion, just don't assume the motives of others; it is not condusive to good debate. Indrian 16:20, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * I fully respect your opinions. Still, I can't see why this one should be deleted when small Norwegian municipalities like Tysvær and Ølen are included. Wikipedia isn't a directory of municipalities either. I fully understand that you and others wanted this article deleted as it used to be -- but as it is now I think it is worthy of inclusion. contrapuncti 18:37, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Because schools are not all-encompassing as municipalities are. If this school is identical to another school except for the name, why do we need two articles for the same thing?  Hence why schools need to be notable, just like everything else.  The reason we don't include mundane, ordinary schools is the same reason we don't include every member of the human race - there are lots of them, and only a few stand out from the crowd.  If you can cover up the names and dates and not be able to identify the school, it has to go.  OTOH, if you cover up the names and dates and the place is still recognisable (e.g. "????" is a well-established private school in ?????, England, famous for its Wall Game.  The answer is obviously Eton College) then it has to stay. Chris 00:51, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, because I like the picture. I'm sorry Chris, I'm sorry Geogre, and, Indrian, you're absolutely right. And, yes, I've never been so aware before of the meaning of the phrase "slippery slope," and never before have been in so much sympathy with fathead administrators who say "We can't do it for you because if we did it for you we'd have to do it for everyone." But I like the picture, though. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:49, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, wikipedia is not paper. Key45 21:28, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia resources are not infinite. Why would we hold donation drives to extend infinite resources?  More importantly, "wiki is not paper" is a fallacy.  It's easily possible that at some point, we could be issuing paper copies of WP at low cost to the third world.  At least, so I'm led to believe.  Also, I don't care if people can choose the way they like, but "I like the picture" should NOT be a valid reason to keep.  After all, the same goes for the picture as for the article - it could be a picture of anything.  Chris 00:50, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Great. Then the third world is going to get a metric ton of printed pages about Pokemon characters, loads of "fancruft" and other complete and patent nonsense.  I'm sure this will help developing countries much more than learning about an EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION. -- Radman1 16:01, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * My stance on fancruft has already been made clear. But small pages like this about educational institutions which are no different from the one that those teachers in the third world may be teaching at themselves are no better.  For all intents and purposes, they are educational fancruft.  If I were in charge, I'd excise all these dumb articles about ordinary schools that could be anywhere AND Pokemon articles beyond the basics. Chris 03:57, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It isn't a valid reason to keep. Yup, I'm voting "keep" without a valid reason. The acting sysop will just have to deal with that, and my acknowledgement of same, when it comes time to judge consensus. I really don't know how to deal with it myself. I'm sure there's nothing notable about Instedalen Skule among Norwegian schools but it has a different "look" to it than the U. S. schools I'm familiar with. And the kid is cute. It would probably be better in some kind of article about Norway or Norwegian schools... It's a totally irrational vote, and I'm not going to sprain my brain trying to invent some logical defense of it. Nevertheless, it's my vote. "What? Do I contradict myself? Very well, then, I contradict myself. I am large, I  contain multitudes." —Whitman. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:31, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Radman1 16:01, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:81.152.140.184

title: User talk:81.152.140.184


text:
Talk:Adam Ant

The Blueblack Hussar (documentary film)
In April 2011 it was confirmed that Jamie Reynolds, bassist with The Klaxons was set to produce and help film a new documentary about the forthcoming UK tour. "Adam is sounding great." said Reynolds of his foray into the film business. "I hadn’t seen him perform until last week when he announced his first tour and he’s back on form.". In an interview with Clink Magazine, Ant added that he was "going to go meet The Klaxons in the studio; they’re fans of mine. They’ve financed this film, this documentary that Jack Bond is directing, who did a film called Dali in New York in 1965. And he’s been filming me for the last six months. And that was purely [The Klaxons] saying that they’d like to meet me, and I’m going to go down and have a little play with them. And they’re good-looking kids and they play good music. They’re trying to do something a bit different. And, erm, they’re good."

By December 2011, it was reported that the documentary had completed filming and was now in post-production. The film, by now entitled The Blueblack Hussar, is due to feature the ongoing history of Ant's 2010s comeback, featuring interviews with Ant and fly-on-the-wall footage of him going about creating the Blueblack Hussar stage character and recording his new album. Reportedly among the scenes is footage of John Robb interviewing Ant for the cover feature of issue 2 of Vive Le Rock magazine

The film was initially released by GFM Films in the summer of 2012. Although it had previously been reported that it would be screened at the Cannes Film Festival, the film was finally premiered on 25 June 2012 at the National Film Theatre as part of the London UK Film Festival, in a bid to seek a distributor. By early 2013, the film had been moved to Sunrise Pictures for release that Spring, and a trailer had been posted to Youtube.

Blueblack Hussar Records - other artists
In addition to releasing his own records on his new Blueblack Hussar Records label, Ant intends to release records on the label by other acts whom he has been mentoring. Primary among these has been Georgina Baillee's band, Georgie Girl And Her Poussez Posse, who played numerous support concerts for Ant during 2011-2012 and by the end of that period were at work on an album for the label. Although Baillee disbanded her Posse in January 2013, she and Posse guitarist Corrine Aze "Hazel" Corleone are currently working on new material for the label. Also, the label is due to release a track-by-track cover album of Ant's Kings Of The Wild Frontier by Midlands-based electropop artist Johnny Normal. Former Ant support acts Twinkle Twinkle (the band of then-Ant backing vocalist Georgina "Twinkle" Leahy), Dressing For Pleasure and Krakatoa were all previously associated with the label.

Fashion label
On 1 April 2011, in an interview with Oliver Franklin for GQ Online, Ant revealed his collaboration with 18th century inspired British fashion designer Rob Lucas saying "I'm bringing out my own fashion line next year. I'm in business with a guy called Rob Lucas at Pimpernel in Oxford. It's called Blueblack Hussar." On 5 May 2011 some of the label's logo was revealed in an interview in the Yorkshire Evening Post while promoting the northern leg of his tour. “Adam is also designing a menswear collection with his friend, Rob Lucas," revealed interviewer Duncan Seaman. "The logo is apt: 'An 18th century brain in a 21st century head'. It's borrowed from a line in his song 'Room at the Top'".

On the 6th September 2011, the fashion journalist Amelia Gregory interviewed Lucas about the label at the Launch of Mich Dulce's Spring/Summer collection preview. In this interview Lucas revealed that hats for Blueblack Hussar will be produced by Mich Dulce

In advance of the label's launch, designs by Lucas have already been featured and worn by Ant in the UK printed edition of OK Magazine and photographed by Nadav Kander for the May 2012 printed edition of Esquire Magazine. In an interview with Ana Gribova on 2 May 2012 for The Colchester Circle, Ant stated "it’s called Blueblack Hussar at Pimpernel. I’m in partnership with a guy called Rob Lucas, who does military fashion. The stuff that I’ve been wearing onstage is actually stuff that I designed with him. We’re hoping to bring out a unisex line next year [2013]. A lot of women actually ask about the clothes, and I think they would be attracted to a unisex range. That would be quite something. We are going to take our time but it’s going to be very good quality stuff." Ant again mentioned the label and Lucas in an interview at Bestival in September 2012 where he spoke briefly of a catwalk show for the label.

Demos project
In the same April 2010 NME interview as the announcement of his new album Adam Ant Is the Blueblack Hussar in Marrying the Gunner's Daughter, Ant also reported that he still has "a whole bunch" of demos from the early part of his career that he is considering revisiting and recording properly now. "[There are] literally about a hundred songs done on a four-track and I use them whenever I can," he explained. "There was a whole album before 'Dirk Wears White Sox' (1979 debut album) that never really came out, but I've still got the masters. It's a labour of love, this catalogue. To get rid of it would be like giving away something John Lennon and Paul McCartney banged out in a night in a pub in Liverpool. I think it's your duty to catalogue your work."

Merge Proposal
The article that discusses Ant's musical career appears to include much duplicated content. Ant is primarily known as a musical artist and having a separate article around that results in this duplication. An added complication is that the referencing of the article heavily relies on the primary source material of adam-ant.net, a semi-official website with mostly news and lists of tour dates. Karst (talk) 13:18, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

 * If you want to merge it, feel free. Otherwise, that tag is going to sit on this article for a long time. Or remove some information from this article to trim the musical career section if the main article goes into the details. oncamera  (talk page) 16:55, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I am in favor of the merge, if only because that "career" article is an unnecessary duplicate that shouldn't exist in the first place. ---  DOOMSDAYER 520 (TALK|CONTRIBS) 14:10, 28 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Done.Karst (talk) 20:20, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

Category:Romanichal people
The article says: "He is of partial Romani descent; his maternal grandfather, Walter Albany Smith, was Romanichal and I have no reason to doubt that. Does this mean Goddard is himself a Romanicha person? i.e. all people with one Romani grandparent are also Romani? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 09:02, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adam Ant


text:
Japi

Japi is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. The population is 4,995 (2020 est.) in an area of 189 km2. It is located in the micro region Borborema Potiguar.

title: Japi