text:
Talk:Nacht und Nebel

Copyright issue
Parts of this article merged from Nacht und nebel are:
 * Reprinted with Permission From: shoaheducation.com © 2002 Elizabeth Kirkley Best PhD, Shoah Education (Web) Project all rights reserved . —Preceding unsigned comment added by Silsor (talk • contribs) 16:20, 14 October 2004

silsor 08:19, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC) The 08:19 sig on this line is authenticated by the edit history, and was summarized "sign my earlier comment".

 * See Talk:Nacht und nebel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikkalai (talk • contribs) 00:51, 27 April 2005
 * The following subsection contains the relevant material from that talk page. --Jerzy•t 21:23, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The edit history of that article appears under a Redirect, and runs from prose at 04:00, 29 September 2004, by, thru cycles of copyvio-tag or prose revisions, to Silsor's 19:58, 10 October 2004 reversion to prose (and two later variations as a Redirect). --Jerzy•t 04:01, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Night and Fog Copyright Infringement
I am the author of the short article on Night and Fog (Nacht und Nebel) which appears on my site at shoaheducation.com/fog.html. I am the one who put a copy of the article on wikipedia, as a reprint, and thereby gave you copyright permission to use the material. Whoever complained is someone without knowledge of the material or copyright, and may be among those who have given difficulty over my site for several years for either personal or ideological reasons. In any event, you may check and see that I am the author andowner by going to the page above, or writing at ekbest@charter.net or shoah@charter.net. If you have a name who filed the complaint I would like to know, because they, and not wikipedia are committing the violation: it is against Copyright law also to interfere with an author's decisions regarding his or her own work or publication thereof: (Federal Copyright Act, 1976). In any event, Wikipedia in no way violated the Act, nor did I in reprinting my own material.

We recenty moved and had a foul up with our Charter service, which was supposed to keep the same account and did but then changed: a person named 'Brandt' also gave our current address to them, so it could have beensomeone trying to pull a switch. We have had trouble on our site with hackings and wrongful entries as well and even modifying of files: when we can trace it we do. Thanks for looking in to this. You did have full permission to reprint the file.

Cordially, Elizabeth Kirkley Best PhD ekbest@charter.net shoah@charter.net shoaheducation.com

The emails are the ones listed on the site.
 * The above unsigned contrib was placed at Talk:Nacht und nebel 20:03, 10 October 2004 by User:Silsor, with the summary
 * "copied from Request for immediate removal of copyright violation"
 * Edit-history data noted by Jerzy•t 20:57, 19 August 2008 (UTC) (with typo correction 04:01, 20 August 2008 (UTC)), and copied to Talk:Nacht und Nebel 21:23, 19 August 2008 (UTC).

 * The text copied to Talk:Nacht und nebel#Night and Fog Copyright Infringement by Silsor, and thence to Talk:Nacht und Nebel#Night and Fog Copyright Infringement by Jerzy, appears, at a glance, to have originated at WP with the edit of 16:52, 10 October 2004 by on the page Request for immediate removal of copyright violation (whose old versions have since been covered by a Redirect). --Jerzy•t 04:01, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Silsor replied at the "Immediate removal" page:
 * Thank you very much for explaining this. I have restored your article, removed its listing from Copyright problems and copied your explanation to Talk:Nacht und nebel. silsor 20:05, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC) The suspected copyright violation was no doubt listed in good faith, since there was no way of telling who had copied the article from your site into Wikipedia. Usually these are acts of copyright infringement. silsor 20:07, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Noted by Jerzy•t 04:38, 20 August 2008 (UTC).

 * I have no idea whether this means the copyright issues are resolved, since GFDL goes unmentioned and the use of "author" does not clarify whether author and WP contributor were one person. It may be worth checking sigs at the copyvio page and in the history of the article. --Jerzy•t 21:23, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The question still remaining in my mind is whether the procedures for confirming common identity between the contributor and the site owner were satisfied, in light of
 * the stated change of hands of the "Charter account" and
 * the IP's apparent lack of grasp of (and presumed inattention to) the GFDL provisions, as implied by the ineffective copyright boilerplate.
 * --Jerzy•t 04:38, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

"This great evil"
Lines like "cruelly and unjustly" and the above heading don't really belong here.... While it's obvious that this policy was bad news, our duty is to recount, not to preach; let us assume our viewers have the strength of mind to decide what was "evil" on their own, without us telling them. If you feel that the modern German (and elsewhere contemporaneous) evaluation of the deeds described isn't obvious, you can summarize it in a new section of the article. Vivacissamamente 01:25, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
This artcle, while good, seems like it could use some rephrasing and cleanup. I'm not posting it on cleanup because that's too big already, but if you happen by here, here are some suggestions on improvements.

 * "The Geneva Convention was not of the Third Reich," - rephrase
 * "which resulted in the disappearance of many political activists." - passive voice; unless we don't know any more than this, it would be good to state what happened
 * "or the far larger group" -rephrase
 * Capitialization issues...

JesseW 06:49, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Too bad you didn't post it there. The article is chaotic and does not give a clear picture what it actually was. In particlur, it puts political activits and Soviet POW into one basket, which is totally incorrect. Also, it is full of speculations. Huge cleanup us due. Mikkalai 00:50, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The Third Reich was very much party to the Geneva Conventions, to state otherwise is flatout wrong. The Soviet Union btw was not, and this fact was used as legal justification for the very different treatment of western and soviet POWs by Germany, despite the declared willingness by the SU to adhere to the spirit of the conventions. 85.178.114.48 12:44, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Germany certainly was a signatory to the Geneva Convention of 1929, even ratifying the Convention in 1934 - during the years of the Hitler leadership. All during the war, Wehrmacht soldiers received a paybook which stated the relevant paragraphs of the Geneva Convention relating to the treatment of Prisoners of War. The rationale used by the Nazis to justify the actions on the Eastern Front was that the Geneva Convention did not apply to Soviet soldiers because the USSR had not signed the Geneva Convention. But the USSR's status does not give the Germans an excuse to avoid their own obligations. I have not edited the particular paragraph because I believe that it needs a substantial rewrite, as to take out the incorrect portions of the paragraph would leave this para as a skeleton. Perhaps someone can assess what the paragraph is saying, and then rewrite it? DermottBanana (talk) 07:53, 22 November 2008 (UTC)DermottBanana

The expression "Nacht und Nebel"
The film Night and Fog takes its French, and translated English, titles from the German term. The following has been removed from that the film's article:
 * There is some irony in the term, as "bei Nacht und Nebel davon gehen" is a colloquial German expression roughly meaning "escape under cover of darkness". Hitler most likely borrowed it from Wagner's Das Rheingold (1869),  an opera that he revered and in which a character becomes invisible using a magic helmet and uttering the spell "Nacht und Nebel, niemand gleich".

The reasoning behind the removal amounts to I don't have time right now to summarize just below the discussion at Talk:Night and Fog (film) of the removed passage, and add some of my afterthots since. --Jerzy•t 00:44 &20:41, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) questioning the two assertions immediately before the two (here simulated) fact tags, and
 * 2) the ambiguity about whether the Rheingold connection is a fact about Nazi etymology, or a belief of the filmmakers, or for that matter OR by a WP editor, and their own a belief of a WP editor based on it.
 * There are two sentences; each has several clauses that can be discussed separately and in relation to each other (formatting altered by me:
 * ("There is some irony in the term, as ...") Unencyclopedically vague & PoV as it stands. Irony properly involves intent, which is hard to infer without the ironist at some point declaring that intent. Irony in loose senses ("Just the irony of the universe". "Ah, yes, that!" -- Shaw, Poison, Passion, and Petrifaction) for enc'ic purposes would require declaration of the looseness, and clarification of who testifies to the cognitive tension being inherant in the situation, and documentation that their judgement about that is widely accepted.
 * (" ... bei Nacht und Nebel davon gehen is a colloquial German expression ...")
 * When i found it, the expression was nonsense, and i corrected the original contributor's commission or copying of a typo that i inferred. That need doesn't suggest verifiability.
 * One of our mutual colleages asserted that that specific expression is not an established one, but that the 3 words that the 6 words were offered to explain is well established; i find that persuasive.
 * ("... roughly meaning escape under cover of darkness.") Irrelevant in light of previous point.
 * (" Hitler most likely borrowed it from Wagner's Das Rheingold (1869)" ...) Requires verification of several facts:
 * That Hitler ever used, let alone originated the slang or codeword.
 * That it comes from Wagner rather than the resemblance being a coincidence.
 * Or at least who inferred the likelihood and put significance on it, why, and citations that the inference is widely accepted; also, whether, once verified, it would belong with the film's article or the article on the program depends on whether mainstream historians or the filmmakers put the idea forward in a notable way. (On its face, the wording suggests it is well established independent of the film, which would suggest not putting it where it was. But the contributor could easily be parroting as fact the PoV heard in the film, which means that, restated and verified, it could belong only there.)
 * ("... an opera that he revered ...") He revered most or all of Wagner, so singling out a single work becomes harder to justify than if he hated the rest.
 * ("... and in which a character becomes invisible using a magic helmet and uttering the spell Nacht und Nebel, niemand gleich.") That's my wording, and i offered cites for most of it, but that was just to justify throwing out the muddy version i found; i think it's probably irrelevant, and advocate it only as better or less bad than what it replaced. I discussed the difficulties of translating it into English, bcz of which i offered no translations except on the the film's talk page.
 * --Jerzy•t 20:41, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

The German article states that there are no references to the term "Nacht und Nebel" in the Nazi documents - it's a post-war invention. There are references to "NN" however which could refer to the traditional abbreviation NN "nomen nominandum" = not named. Guidod (talk) 01:06, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Notable prisoners
I doubt if all people in this list were Nacht-und-Nebel prisoners. For instance in the bios of Mary Lindell and Andrée de Jongh no mention is made of this policy. Who knows more? Kattiel (talk) 11:19, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

Page Title
I altered the page title but this was reversed by The Bounder. Before going into an edit war I welcome any argument brought forward to keeping this page title. My reasons for changing the title and moving the page were: Cheers — Preceding unsigned comment added by Streifenleopard (talk • contribs) 14:28, 21 February 2017 (UTC)
 * 1) The title simply does not refer to a directive by Hitler but to a German saying. I have explained this in the newly amended name-section.
 * So, it is also a wrong account of events. Hitler did not issue night and fog on 7 December 1941 but the night-and-fog-directive.
 * 1) The use of the term "night-and-fog-directive" is in line with the use of equivalent terms, e.g. we use the term "Operation Barbarossa" but not "Barbarossa" and we use the term "Posen speeches" but not "Posen".
 * 2) The use of the term "night-and-fog-directive" will make it easier to distinguish between the directive and the films.
 * 3) The article itself uses almost always expressions like "night-and-fog-directive", "night-and-fog-decree", "night-and-fog-prisoners" or "night-and-fog-facilities", the few instances where it is not using such terms read strange. So, the new title will only reflect the content of the article.

 * The term 'Nacht und Nebel' is the most common use of the term and so we go with that, per WP:COMMONNAME. The number of hits in Google books (115,000 for Nacht und Nebel; 1,710 for Nacht-und-Nebel-Erlass is a quick guide on this). Numerous other reliable sources and encyclopaedias also use the shortened term (,, , etc). The article deals not just with the directive, but also covers impact, results, etc - a reflection of the use of the term, rather than a very narrow definition. I don't see the use of the terms "night-and-fog-decree", "night-and-fog-prisoners" in this context to be at all "strange": they are a reflection of the subject matter. - The Bounder (talk) 07:30, 22 February 2017 (UTC)

Language
Looking through, this is a bit of a mish mash of different language variants - US program vies with UK labour and UK date format. This should be consistent throughout. I'll leave it up to those who work on the article to make the choice. All the best, - The Bounder (talk) 07:39, 22 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Nacht und Nebel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140722001023/http://www.yjil.org/docs/pub/35-1-finucane-enforced-disappearance.pdf to http://www.yjil.org/docs/pub/35-1-finucane-enforced-disappearance.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:08, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Crimes against humanity category removal
Crimes against humanity is a specific legal concept. In order to be included in the category, the event (s) must have been prosecuted as a crime against humanity, or at a bare minimum be described as such by most reliable sources. Most of the articles that were formerly in this category did not mention crimes against humanity at all, and the inclusion of the category was purely original research. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:49, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nacht und Nebel


text:
George L. Berry

George Leonard Berry (September 12, 1882 – December 4, 1948) was president of the International Printing Pressmen and Assistants' Union of North America from 1907 to 1948 and a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1937 to 1938.

Early life
Berry was born in Hawkins County, Tennessee, near Rogersville. He left home at a very early age, becoming a pressman's assistant in 1891. He worked in this trade and was a labor union activist, being elected president of its international union in 1907.

Pressmen's Home
During his tenure, the Pressmen's Union acquired and operated the former Hale Springs Resort, a mineral water resort in East Tennessee not far from Berry's boyhood home, as a sanatorium for its members suffering from "consumption" (tuberculosis), a common ailment of its members in that era, a residential trade school for its members to learn more advanced trades and increase their income, and as its international headquarters.

Berry had learned of its availability during a visit to his home area in conjunction with a search of the relatively nearby Asheville, North Carolina area, then renowned for its supposed curative properties with regard to respiratory disease. This facility became known as the Pressmen's Home. It was designed to be largely self-sufficient, and one point had a large agricultural operation, and, prior to the coming of the Tennessee Valley Authority, its own hydroelectric power plant.

Political experience
In World War I, Berry participated in the American Expeditionary Force with the rank of major, serving overseas 1918–1919, and then returned home to resume active leadership of his union. He was frequently a delegate to many national and international labor meetings and congresses, and at the 1924 Democratic Convention, was almost nominated for Vice President. On May 6, 1937, he was appointed to the United States Senate by governor of Tennessee Gordon Browning to serve in the place of Nathan L. Bachman, who had died in office.

Turning the day-to-day operation of the union over to others, Berry moved to Washington, D.C. to attend to his senatorial duties. Berry apparently enjoyed being a Senator well enough to desire election in his own right, and ran a campaign seeking the nomination to the balance of the term in the August, 1938 Democratic primary.

However, the people of Tennessee were apparently more interested having the sort of Senator more traditionally associated with the Democratic Party's Southern conservative wing than a labor activist, and Berry was defeated for the nomination by attorney Tom Stewart. Governor Browning, who had appointed him to the Senate, was defeated for renomination by Prentice Cooper in the same primary.

Some political historians feel that these defeats can be almost entirely attributed to the influence of the Memphis-based political machine of E. H. Crump, who supported both Stewart and Cooper. Berry's service as a Senator ended on November 8, 1938, when the votes in the general election indicating Stewart's election were tallied, even though Stewart did not actually take the seat until early the next year.

Death
Berry returned to day-to-day operation of the union and his interests, including agriculture, around the Pressmen's Home until his death. (The union continued to operate the facility for several years after Berry's death.) He was interred at Pressmen's Home but his body was later moved to McKinney Cemetery in nearby Rogersville.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George L. Berry


text:
User talk:Kowey/Archive1

Hello Kowey, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have a lot of fun here. There are lots of resources around to help guide you. be sure to check out:

 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you want add any images check out:

 * image use policy
 * How to keep image file sizes as small as possible

If you need any help try:

 * Help
 * Village pump
 * Or ask me at my talk page User_talk:Theresa knott

Don't be afraid of making the odd mistake, there are any number of others eagerly waiting for a chance to correct it!

kowey: if this message was not auto-generated, i'll throw in a comment that wikipedia seems like a friendly community.

 * It sure is.And no these sort of messages are not autogenerated. To sign your name to a comment type three tilds the software will automatically sign your name for you. If you want to date stamp a comment { like I'll be doing with this one} type 4 tilds. Theresa knott 23:40, 3 Nov 2003 (UTC)

NLP addition
hi, perhaps you could add some info on/to Question answering. I for one am not familiar with the topic. -- Viajero 11:51, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Well... i promised myself to run off and learn stuff, but ok here's a rather weak tentative, but now i should really try to work. Kowey 12:15, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Malay wikipedia
Hi. I don't think I'd be any good - I'm afraid my Malay is pretty useless nowadays: I can read but I can't really write. However, if I see any articles I think should be mirrored in the English wikipedia I'll have a go at translating them into English. Andrew Yong 06:33, 5 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Malay Wikipedia
Hello! Thank you for your offer but like Andrew my Malay is awful. I am reasonably fluent in conversation and can probably read a newspaper (very slowly) I am afraid that any Malay I write will be very non-literate bahasa pasar at best. I will continue my work on the Malaysian section of the English Wikipedia and update to the best of my ability.

With regret, TheSeez

Knowledge is Power!

Hi Eric,

no need to say sorry! Thanks for changing the link ...

--zeno 12:06, 29 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Press Release
I see you contributed to the creation of the press release. Might you be willing to follow these steps, and send off the press release? -- user:zanimum

 * The thought had not crossed my mind, but I might get around to sending it to a couple of Malaysian newspapers. Thanks -- Kowey 17:23, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Indonesian Wikipedia
Are you leaving the Indonesian Wikipedia? Ah, what a pity. We still don't have a very active user who can replace you! But anyway it's your decision. Well, once again thank you for your kindness and we hope to see you regularly! Bye and good luck with your study! Meursault2004 14:16, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey I'm considering to give Kolomonggo a sysop status. What do you think? Recently he has been contributing many articles to the Indonesian Wikipedia. If you agree, I'll give him the status on 2nd of August 2004. Meursault2004 08:41, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea. Don't know how he deals with conflicts, maybe id hasn't had any yet, but at the very least you could proabbly use a hand with all the junk contributions. -- Kowey 12:02, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Bahasa Melayu Wikipedia
Sorry to hear that you are leaving bahasa Melayu. Thank you very much for your guidance and hope you will still find time to come and visit us here from time to time. Your present will be missed by us all.Yosri 10:25, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Mmmm ... Kowey leaving Bahasa Melayu? That's a pity. I only recently joined it. -- sabre23t 08:46, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the invitation. I've actually visited ms.wikipedia a couple of times. But to be frank, I don't think it as exciting as en.wikipedia. So, I'll stay on just the parent project until something else comes out. __earth 18:03, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)

Hey Kowey, long time no see ... Maybe you can help us. I put a message on Brion's page requesting to fix the names for Javanese and Sundanese on the interwiki box. It should be Basa Jawa and Basa Sunda instead of Bahasa Jawa and Bahasa Sunda. Thanks and bye Meursault2004 06:37, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Greeting from bahasa Melayu Wiki.
Hi Kowey! May be it is my out dated Browser. I take note not to update other Wiki pages. Only bahasa Melayu. Sorry for any harm done.Yosri 15:51, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC) :<

title: User talk:Kowey/Archive1


text:
Talk:Artificial insemination

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 July 2019 and 23 August 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jackieelsokkary, Bschen12, Stevenvpham, Ksucsf19. Peer reviewers: Juliechaeoon.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:47, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

History?
Far too many of the medical pages don't inform us on the history of the procedure/diagnosis/discovery/etc. Doops 16:23, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC) ok!!!! Bremen 06:42, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

How could a 15th century Spanish queen have been artificially inseminated? I wonder if they even had the necessary instruments back then!

2007-03-11 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

 * Dear Lena,
 * Artificial insemination is incredibly low-tech. You don't need any particular instruments. Just a little container for transportation will do the trick if the recipient is close at hand and the temperature is controlled.

 * 2007-09-06 WH701, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. —Preceding unsigned comment added by WH701 (talk • contribs) 00:06, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought some kind of syringe would be necessary. What do you mean with “close at hand”?
 * 2007-12-08 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.229.19.152 (talk) 21:02, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 2007-12-08 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.229.19.152 (talk) 21:02, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Lena, all you need to do to AI a human is stick cum driping fingers into the pussy, though it may be safer to let a docter do it.

 * Oh, really? That sounds very inefficent!
 * 2008-05-25 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.
 * 2008-05-25 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

 * This seems to be right. I found these home artificial insemination kits, whose main components are semen sample containers and syringes.  It doesn't take too much imagination to think that more old-fashioned techniques could accomplish the same thing - albeit with a lower success rate.  The article should perhaps be altered so it doesn't seem like the process is something that could only ever be done in a laboratory. (Not that I necessarily want to encourage any ad-hoc techniques like this.) Open4D (talk) 13:49, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

Animals
The article is written from the standpoint that AI is a practise among humans; this is not strictly correct, as it was (and perhaps still is) used in agriculture and breeding, etc. to improve the bloodline of offspring. I would call for someone who knows a bit more about this to write a section at least within the article. Rob Church Talk 01:12, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

-Yes the viewpoint of this article is entirely wrong. Artificial insemination is mostly used in reference to breeding livestock. This is where its main emphasis should lie. Human AI should be mostly de-emphasised. I'm certainly not an expert in this field, but I do know it's a very important topic for livestock breeders and a very unimportant topic for humans. --71.32.166.217 02:12, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

- I agree with both of you 100%. I do, in fact have a lot of information on Artificial Insemination of Livestock Species, as I took a course in it over the summer. I am not confidient enough in my wikipedia skills to add this information. I wouldn't know where to start, nor how to format anything. Any suggestions?

 * Disagree - as a medicine student I've heard artificial insemination many times, but only related to human beings. Before I read this article, I hadn't spent a thought on that the main use for it is in animals. In fact, if I hadn't seen this discussion, I would have moved everything refering to animals to an own article, and kept the main article to human beings, because it is human beings that increasingly seek for artificial insemination. The technology improves, as more and more people understand that there is help out there, and these people aren't the least interested in how to perform it on cows! However, since I don't know how many breeders vs. people seeking personal help read this page, I don't think any major split of this article should be done in the present time. Mikael Häggström 16:05, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * - I'll have to agree with the first two and disagree with you. You're a medical student and I'm sure that you hear the term mostly in regards to humans. But in my part of the country, AI is used pretty much exclusively to mean AI in livestock. That's what the general population takes it to mean and how the technique is predominantly used.--64.238.49.65 (talk) 00:26, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

-I'll have to disagree with all of you. I believe that humans are animals, at least from a biological standpoint, and this article should be written with this in mind, but this is only what I believe, and I'm not important so feel free to continue however you please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bishopfries (talk • contribs) 14:16, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

-Ummm....male partner? What about a sperm donor? Come on, it's 2008 already. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.97.133.236 (talk) 18:40, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

I'm writing a short story that includes an AI sequence, and was looking for a detailed description of how it's done, and how it has been done over the last century, particularly when the cow is impregnated within an hour or two of sperm collection (which would not require freezing). I was disappointed at the lack of details, such as what the semen is placed in before being inserted in the cow. (I assume the "impregnator" doesn't just "grab a glob" and shove it in." I didn't expect I'd have to wait until Dirty Jobs covers the topic (though Mike has covered pregnancy verification in cattle). WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 11:19, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

I came here looking for information about AI for humans but was not surprised to see information as it relates to animals. To say it is very unimportant to humans is a bit strong and perhaps naive. Regardless if it is something that is being considered by someone to bring a new child into their family, enahnce the quality of their herd, or simply learn about the subject why would you de-emphasis anything? All areas of AI should be included to properly educate everyone. To do otherwise would be tantamount to censorship or bias. Neither of which we need in a source people use to learn. Javoch (talk) 20:30, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

I agree that this article should mostly be about AI in regards to animals. I think people are thinking of In Vitro, which is much more precise in an attempt at pregnancy. Many, many animals are breeded using AI and it's very common in the line of thoroughbred race horses and show horses. AI is not as controversial as people are trying to make it! It's a way of helping out nature. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eewalker3 (talk • contribs) 16:00, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Undid body aspect
There had been an addition, that artificial insemination of cows also would favour the body of future cows. However, the function of cows are mainly to produce milk. Therefore, I don't think the looks, or whatever the editor meant, is that essential. Thus, the edit is undid.User:Mortsggah 18:52, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

EVERYONE PAY ATTENTION!!! I live on a Farm/Ranch in Nebraska. We have about 1,300 head of cattle. We AI all of our first calf heifers, and some of our cows. MILK? NO! We do not produce milk cows, there are very few places anymore that have Dairy farms. As time has gone on Dairy farms have become more concentrated. In other words, less small farms all over the place, more large operations spread out. Im trying to correct all you nerdy city folk that dont get out much. I show calves all over, and AI plays a huge part in how my club calves will look. Also when you AI cattle just for general herd use, or to make a feedlot animal to butcher for the meat, it is important to make sure that the animal is short and stout. This way it eats less feed, costing the feeder less money, hoping to make a larger profit when the animal is sold for slaughter. AI is heavily used in cattle, and several other animals. That is where it was all started.

Reiss L. Bruning —Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.127.23.164 (talk) 14:41, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Good to have expertise on the subject. Better leave that section to you. Mikael Häggström (talk) 19:49, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

kalexxbrOhh was heree 240409;; —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nahh drytime (talk • contribs) 09:37, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Female
Why does it have to be a female. Males of any species, surgically engineered in the corect way are able to be artificially inseminated.- Thangfries

You have mixed up artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation. There are important differences between them. In vitro fertilisation means that you take ovum from a female and sperm from a male. You let the sperm fertilise the ovum in outside the body. Then you place the resulting embryo in the womb of a female. Artificial insemination only means taking sperm from a male and inject it into the womb of a female. Then the rest comes about the natural way. Theoretically, you could surgically place a womb inside the body of a male. But injecting sperm into it would have no effect since males don’t produce any ovum to fertilise. In order to make him pregnant you would have to take ovum from a female and fertilise it outside the body. Then you could place the embryo in the surgically altered male’s womb and let it grow there. Such a procedure would be considered in vitro fertilisation and not artificial insemination.

2008-06-18 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.229.19.130 (talk) 12:24, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah but males can be naturally inseminated too (just like wymyn) - why not provide artificial for them too (just like wymyn)? Isn't this prejudiced and discriminatory? Just asking. Thangfries also brought up the subject of [hormonally and] surgically altered persons too. It didn't sound to me like Thangfries was mixing anything up. --76.200.150.125 (talk) 01:43, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

What? are you serious? Obviously you can artificially inseminate a mailbox or any other inanimate object, in addition to a man or 'wymyn'. The article is about artificial insemination as a technique to induce pregnancy. Only women are capable of becoming pregnant. That's why they do it.. not just so a man can have some semen placed in his body. Jesus christ...

I guess that you could surgically implant an entire female reproductive and endocrine system inside a man, but that is not yet technologically feasible and is not something that should be brought up in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.14.149.63 (talk) 23:50, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Repeated information
There's a lot of repeated information in this article. In particular, I'm talking about the repeated mentioning and explanation of IUI, in sections 1, 2, and 4.2. Can somebody clean it up?Gyndanya (talk) 22:36, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Clearly not. --76.200.150.125 (talk) 01:45, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Is Artificial insemination of animals harmful?
I ask because... bestiality is illegal and "harmful" wouldn't that make A.I. illegal and harmful too? I think people (me included) would be interested to see evidence that A.I. is harmful or is not harmful for animal. Alusky (talk) 07:38, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

 * It's to do with the motivation and circumstances: AI is a technical task, not one done for enjoyment or exploitation. In the same way gynaecological examination is not sexual assault, and surgery is not grievious bodily harm.  There is some scope for squeamishness though: I remember once hearing a bull semen "harvester" on the radio saying that people rarely wanted to shake his hand after he'd told them what his job was...  Richard New Forest (talk) 14:37, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comment, but what I want to see is 'evidence' moving the harm balance to one side or the other. Some thing like a document saying "if you are aroused from doing A.I. is harmful to the animal" or "A.I. are not harmful to animals because, this and that" or should it be common sense that A.I. is not harmful to animals? Alusky (talk) 23:02, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd be surprised if anyone has bothered, but you never know what might have been used as a subject for a sociology doctorate... Richard New Forest (talk) 09:28, 18 December 2010 (UTC)

'Prewashed'
Why does 'prewashed' redirect here? -Brndtnlsn (talk) 10:15, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

Detail
Wikipedia is increasingly used as an authoritative work and is often a link from other websites. There is an obvious and necessary line to draw between trying to be be a basic reference work used as a starting point, and attempting to be an over-detailed work which carries a lot of information which is not required by the average reader.

This article contains both basic and more detailed descriptions of artificial insemination. I have noted that it is often used as a link from other websites which imply that a full and detailed description is available. This is potentially dangerous because artificial insemination must be performed safely and correctly.

I have therefore added some detail to the procedural aspects which are designed to assist those seeking it. I justify this by my comments above, and also because Wikipedia carries an authority and frequently makes available information which is not available elsewhere.

I hope that there will be agreement on this point and that the additional material will prove useful to those interested or intending to attempt insemination by artificial means.

ALEXEIS (talk) 07:02, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

add link to hand pollination?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-pollination I was searching for this article, but ended up here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.255.224.169 (talk) 17:21, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Artificial insemination. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110107151459/http://dk.cryosinternational.com:80/clinics/questions-answers.aspx to http://dk.cryosinternational.com/clinics/questions-answers.aspx#5351
 * Added tag to http://www.ilga-europe.org/media_library/ilga_europe/publications/reports_and_other_publications/rainbow_map_2013/index
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080920004757/http://www.darleyflyingstart.com:80/2006/work/july07_sun_pathak.shtml to http://www.darleyflyingstart.com/2006/work/july07_sun_pathak.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090620072355/http://www.hfea.gov.uk:80/39.html to http://www.hfea.gov.uk/39.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:43, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Artificial insemination. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121104131213/http://www.figo.org/news/female-bodies-reject-certain-sperm to http://www.figo.org/news/female-bodies-reject-certain-sperm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120724221400/http://familyscholars.org/2011/02/17/4579/ to http://familyscholars.org/2011/02/17/4579/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.hfea.gov.uk/39.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:40, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Artificial insemination. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.ivf.com//success.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130828172939/http://dk.cryosinternational.com/private-customers/questions-answers.aspx to http://dk.cryosinternational.com/private-customers/questions-answers.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:08, 23 January 2018 (UTC)

Foundations II 2019, Group 1a goals
I would like to elaborate on the pregnancy rates that occur between the ICI and IUI techniques as there is more recent literature published on the topic. Additionally I would like to further edit the sections on the 4 techniques (ICI, IUI, Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination, and Intratubal insemination) of artificial insemination to discuss the differences and similarities. Jackieelsokkary (talk) 20:58, 30 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Please make sure that your other group members assign themselves to this article, and that they will each also contribute something to it. Health policy (talk) 03:03, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

Techniques of insemination
Multiple sources suggest that the method Intracervical Insemination isn't what the current source says: It differs from Intravaginal Insemination. Furthermore, it is described quite short in the current source. What I want to say is: The Intracervical Insemination is in fact, Intracervical. The semen isn't placed on top of the cervix, but a bit inside of it like the term actually suggests. This helps sperm cells to pass the cervical barrier easier but allowing it to be unwashed.

Src: http://www.dallasfertility.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Third-Party-Reproduction-Guide.pdf P. 11

Src2: https://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/donor-insemination/

Src3: https://www.shecares.com/pregnancy/artificial-insemination-ai

Placing semen on the cervix is referred as Cervical Insemination here, but not as Intracervical insemination:

Src 4: Besselink, D. E., Farquhar, C., Kremer, J. A., Marjoribanks, J., & O’Brien, P. A. (2008). Cervical insemination versus intra-uterine insemination of donor sperm for subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000317.pub3

Src5 is one of the early studies comparing different methods of Intracervical Insemination: One with a cap that entered the cervical canal, the other one with a straw where semen is placed into the canal.

Flierman, P. A., Hogerzeil, H. V., & Hemrika, D. J. (1997). A prospective, randomized, cross-over comparison of two methods of artificial insemination by donor on the incidence of conception: intracervical insemination by straw versus cervical cap. Human Reproduction, 12(9), 1945–1948.

To conclude, the whole section, especially the phrase "Intracervical insemination (ICI) simulates the ejaculation of semen by the penis into the vagina during intercourse." is very certainly completely wrong.

AidenPicasso (talk) 15:22, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

Rape?
Equating Artificial insemination of animals with rape is massively POV and is promoting a fringe viewpoint. - MrOllie (talk) 15:10, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * No, censoring those views is POV, and the stances of major animal rights advocates and organizations regarding animal treatment are not fringe viewpoints. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mariolovr (talk • contribs)

 * No, it is a fringe view. It should not be listed here, just as we don't write 'Flat earthers think this is all fake' on all of our astronomy articles. - MrOllie (talk) 15:25, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * What makes you think this is a fringe theory? I looked up wikipedia's article on fringe viewpoints, and this obviously isn't one. For one thing, this isn't a discussion of scientific theories. It's just a semantic squabble. If the entire article was dedicated to saying animal AI is rape, then sure, that wouldn't be right, but animal AI = rape is a significant minority viewpoint, substantiated by tons of sources, both for and against such statement. As such, it deserves at least a mention. Even the flat-earth theory is still mentioned on the Earth article. Censoring this would be much worse than letting it stay. Mariolovr (talk) 16:56, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok, what sources do you have that establish prevalence of this view? This isn't akin to mentioning flat earth on Earth, this is the equivalent of mentioning flat earth theories on GPS. - MrOllie (talk) 17:04, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * For future reference, MrOllie views animal rights proponents as extremists.
 * Why are you asking for sources? You removed them, so I would have thought you already read them. Does that mean you didn't even read them? But since you asked, here are the sources I added.  I didn't realize this was going to be so controversial, so I can provide more if needed.
 * Could you explain your analogy a bit better? I fail to see the link. I thought flat earth theory didn't really discuss GPS or label it in any way. Mariolovr (talk) 18:27, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

 * PETA is the fringe of the animal rights movement. Sources noting that PETA said something do not establish that a belief is widespread in the animal rights movment. - MrOllie (talk) 18:57, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Says who? Any source on that? Probably not, considering that PETA is the biggest animal rights organization in the world. Besides, I also linked "The Routledge Handbook of Animal Ethics". Is that a fringe source too? Mariolovr (talk) 19:02, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * It's just commenting on the same PETA statements. - MrOllie (talk) 19:05, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The fact that it comments on PETA's stance means that it is relevant.
 * But anyway, here is Mercy for Animals repeating the same thing. Like I said, I could easily find more sources if I had the time. Mariolovr (talk) 19:16, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Academic animal advocates also compare AI to bestiality. In Kansas the bestiality law apparently makes no exceptions for AI, making AI de jure illegal. Trimton (talk) 22:33, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Gender and the Law
— Assignment last updated by Emiliaberk (talk) 06:40, 24 March 2023 (UTC)

Interested in adding a section to the article about legal frameworks for artificial insemination, such as for establishing parental rights in various jurisdictions in the US--Uosduffy (talk) 06:28, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Artificial insemination


text:
33-centimeter band

The 33-centimeter or 900 MHz band is a portion of the UHF radio spectrum internationally allocated to amateur radio on a secondary basis. It ranges from 902 to 928 MHz and is unique to ITU Region 2 (Americas). It is primarily used for very local communications as opposed to bands lower in frequency. However, very high antennas with high gain have shown 33 centimeters can provide good long-range communications almost equal to systems on lower frequencies such as the 70 centimeter band. The band is also used by industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment, as well as low-powered unlicensed devices. Amateur stations must accept harmful interference caused by ISM users but may receive protection from unlicensed devices.

The 900 MHz frequency is also used as a reference band e.g. to express the total power or impact of the electric field "E" - expressed in V/m - or the power density "S" - expressed in W/m2 - of the overall cellular frequencies emission caused by all frequencies s.a. the four bands 850 / 900 / 1,800 / 1,900 MHz – which many GSM phones support and mobile phone operators use - used by all mobile phone operators at the same time to a certain space where e.g. humans are exposed to these frequencies over a certain span of time. More: Mobile phone radiation and health section.

In ITU Region 3, New Zealand domestically allocates 915 MHz to 928 MHz to amateurs. In Australia, this spectrum is allocated to radiolocation and scientific-medical services.

History

 * Origin as a replacement for 1215-1240 MHz
 * Relation to WARC 1979
 * Relation to GPS allocation

The 33–centimeter band has a somewhat short history, being one of the newest amateur radio bands. The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range from 902.0 to 928.0 MHz.

The beginning
In 1985, the Federal Communications Commission allocated the frequency band between 902 and 928 MHz to Part 18 ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) devices. In that proceeding, the band was also allocated to the Amateur Radio Service on a secondary basis meaning amateurs could use the band as long as they accepted interference from and did not cause interference to primary users.

900 MHz cordless phones
In the mid-1990s, many cordless phone manufacturers started producing phones that used the lower and upper ends of the 33–centimeter band for communication between the handset and base. These phones, which are regulated by Part 15 of the FCC's regulations, have made amateur use of the upper and lower end of the 33 centimeter band somewhat tricky due to the number of these phones used by the general population. Part 15 devices, by law, must accept interference from any licensed radio service with which they share frequencies.

900 MHz wireless networking
In the early 1990s, wireless computer networking was just becoming affordable. Several competing technologies emerged that made use of the 902-928 MHz Part 15 band, such as:
 * NCR/AT&T/DEC/Lucent WaveLAN. 915 MHz, 250 mW transmit power. Obsolete, but still in use in certain areas.
 * Aironet (now Cisco) ARLAN. 902-928 MHz with 12 channels, 450 mW transmit power. Obsolete, but still in use in certain areas.
 * Alvarion BreezeACCESS 900. 902-928 MHz, 200 mW transmit power. Still being sold and in use in certain areas as of 2008.
 * A now defunct commercial user of 900 MHz wireless networking was Ricochet. They used 900 MHz for the "last mile" connection to the user in an early wide area mobile wireless network.
 * Motorola Canopy is also used by WISPs depending on the Line-of-sight propagation
 * XG Technology, Inc. xMax. 902-928 MHz. Less than 1 W. A cognitive radio system still being sold and in use as of 2011.

ISM: 915 MHz Long Range WAN (LoRaWAN)

 * Frequency range from 902 MHz to 928 MHz as an unlicensed Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band for North America.
 * Started in 2009, LoRaWAN were targeting the metering industry and aimed at adding wireless communication capabilities for gas, water and electricity meters. For this purpose, they used Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation technology, a technology widely in use for sonar in the maritime industry and radar in aviation.

Walkie talkies
MotoTalk or with Nextel, DirectTalk, uses the 900 MHz Part 15 band. It uses FHSS and employs 10 "channels" and 15 "privacy codes". This is available as a feature on several of the walkie-talkie phones, for "off network" simplex communications.

Motorola makes a line of walkie-talkies (the DTR family) which are FHSS digital units. They are very similar to the DirectTalk-capable iDEN cellphones, even sharing some accessory items, but they can not interoperate with DirectTalk units.

Trisquare makes a line of walkie-talkies (the eXtreme Radio Service family) that are also license free FHSS units, operating in the 900 MHz band. They are similar to DirectTalk but not compatible.

Current amateur uses
Today, the 33 centimeter band is rapidly becoming popular with many UHF enthusiasts. Currently, it is used by amateurs for a variety of purposes.

Amateur television
Amateur television is a popular activity on the 33 centimeter band, and some manufacturers produced ATV equipment for this band. The first repeater to use the band, the NU6X/R (Amateur TV Network) on 923.25 MHz, was activated and used at the minute the FCC allowed amateur use of the band and featured in QST Magazine. The repeater moved to 919.25 MHz and call changed to W6ATN because AVM part 90 service at 927 MHz began operation as a primary user of the band.

CW and single sideband
Amateurs who are involved in contesting use home-made or commercially available transverters to operate CW and SSB on the lower end of the band, either just above 903 MHz or just above 902 MHz. SSB/CW operations usually use horizontal polarization for most contacts. VHF/UHF contests are conducted by the ARRL several times each year to encourage operations across all ham bands. Contacts must be made in the simplex mode - that is, without using a repeater. Any mode (FM, SSB, CW) can be used. Contact scoring is higher for 33 cm than the lower bands (6m through 70 cm).

FM repeaters
Until recently, no amateur radio equipment manufacturer has ever made an FM repeater for the 33 centimeter band. But nevertheless, amateurs have adapted other equipment for use in this band. Amateurs who wish to build a repeater and those who wish to use that repeater must do so using modified commercial equipment designed for use in the mid-800 MHz and mid-900 MHz range. The bulk of modified commercial equipment is manufactured by two companies, Motorola and Kenwood.

In 2012, the first two-way 900 MHz radio made specifically for the Amateur Service was introduced by Alinco. The DJ-G29T is a dual band portable radio operating on the 222 MHz and 900 MHz bands and is fully programmable.

Building repeaters
The ARRL (American Radio Relay League) has specified that repeaters on the 33 centimeter band use a split of -12 MHz with inputs between 906 and 909 MHz and outputs between 918 and 921 MHz. However, the majority of amateur 33 centimeter band amateur repeaters use a split of -25 MHz with inputs between 902 and 903 MHz and outputs between 927 and 928 MHz. There are several reasons behind this. The primary reason being that most amateur repeaters in this band are built from commercial equipment that has been modified to transmit and receive in the amateur 33 centimeter band and modification complexity increases rapidly as target frequencies are moved further from the original design frequencies. A 25 MHz split results in frequencies fairly close to the original frequencies this commercial equipment was designed for resulting in relatively simple modifications. As well, spectrum analyzer tests consistently show the noise floor to be considerably higher near the center of the band due to other non-amateur services making the quieter frequencies near the band limits more desirable. Finally, the 12 MHz split requires high quality and more expensive duplexer devices to isolate the repeater receiver from the repeater transmitter when sharing a single antenna (as most repeaters do) whereas the 25 MHz split provides sufficient frequency separation such that separate antenna for transmit and receive with 20 feet or more of vertical separation often works well and eliminates the need for expensive duplexers as long as the repeater transmitter is limited to 15 to 20 watts of output power.

With the explosion in popularity of Nextel phones with a push to talk feature, the marketplace has seen a flood of newer 800 and 900 MHz commercial mobile radios that are designed to the following specifications:
 * 800 MHz Radios:
 * Transmit: 806 - 821 MHz and 851 - 870 MHz
 * Receive: 851 - 870 MHz
 * 900 MHz Radios:
 * Transmit: 896 - 902 MHz and 935 - 941 MHz
 * Receive: 935 - 941 MHz

The receivers on many of these modern 800 MHz radios can be easily modified to receive higher than 870 MHz, to about 904 MHz with good sensitivity. In addition, the transmitters on many of the aforementioned 900 MHz radios can be easily modified to transmit lower than 935 MHz, to about 926 MHz with acceptable power output. With this in mind, many amateurs have opted to set up repeaters with -25 MHz splits using modified 800 MHz radios as receivers and modified 900 MHz radios as transmitters.

A number of resources are available for amateurs to build repeaters that can be used on the 33 cm band.

Resources are also available via several e-mail discussion groups (such as the Yahoo Groups: "AR902 MHz" and "900 MHz") where information regarding conversion of other brands commonly used (such as Kenwood, EF Johnson, and GE/Ericsson) can be found/discussed.

The advent of issues involving interference to the PAVE PAWS RADAR systems located on the East and West coasts of the United States has pushed many amateur repeater operators to vacate the 70 cm band in favor of 33 cm, and proliferation of 33 cm repeaters has understandably increased exponentially in the past few years.

Using repeaters
Amateurs who use local repeaters on the 33 centimeter band use commercial handheld or mobile 900 MHz radios. As shown above, these radios can transmit between 896 and 902 MHz and receive between 935 and 941 MHz. Getting many of these radios to transmit on the repeater's input frequency (between 902 and 903 MHz) and receive on the repeater's output frequency (between 927 and 928 MHz) usually requires very little or no circuit modification, depending on the choice of radio. For instance, the Motorola model GTX (mobile and handheld versions) do not require any hardware modifications at all. Using these commercial radios however, has one handicap: flexibility. Unlike most other ham radio bands, in which one can tune to any frequency within an amateur band, modification of "Channelized" commercial radios maintains them in a channelized state. Therefore, once programmed, the frequencies they operate on cannot be changed at will without re-programming. However, since almost all FM radio equipment used on the 33 cm band amateur band was previously designed for and internally programmed for frequencies outside the 33 cm band edges, reprogramming is always necessary to get them working properly between 902-928 MHz after any physical modifications have been made. This includes the GTX.

Linking
Many amateurs have found the 33 centimeter band to be ideal for linking repeaters together. Some of the biggest linked repeater systems in the United States use the 33 centimeter band as their link backbone.

Propagation characteristics
Signal propagation on the 33-centimeter band is very dependent on the transmitting and receiving antenna's line of sight. Because of this, many wide-area coverage systems like repeaters are located on top of large hills and mountains which overlook a vast area. This ensures that the transmitting antenna is higher than terrestrial obstructions such as trees and buildings. Assuming that the transmitting antenna's wavelength, height above average terrain, and effective radiated power is equal, a transmitted signal on 33 centimeters will, generally speaking, usually travel about 3/4 of the distance that the same signal would if transmitted on the 70 centimeter band. The reader is advised to note that receiver front-end noise figure and antenna gain are the defining factors in line-of-sight signal propagation in the local area.

The 33 centimeter band offers excellent building penetration characteristics since the wavelength is relatively small and can fit through windows more easily than signals lower in frequency.

In many areas, the 33 centimeter band also has a very low noise floor as compared to bands lower in frequency.

Popular equipment used on the 33-centimeter band

 * EF Johnson models 8615, 8640, 8644 and 8655
 * GE DTMX 9315B (TMX)
 * Ericsson MDX
 * GE Mastr II
 * GE Mastr III
 * MA/Com Orion
 * Kenwood TK-480 / Kenwood TK-481
 * Kenwood TK-980 / Kenwood TK-981
 * Kenwood TK-931
 * Alinco DJ-G29T
 * Motorola MaxTrac
 * Motorola Spectra
 * Motorola MSF 5000
 * Motorola GTX
 * Motorola MTX
 * Motorola MCS 2000
 * Motorola XTS 2500
 * Motorola XTS 1500
 * Motorola DTR
 * Retevis RT10
 * TAIT T800 Series
 * "eXRS" 900 MHz FHSS Part 15 radios
 * Downeast Microwave 902-144HP3 transverter

title: 33-centimeter band


text: User talk:129.241.150.146

title: User talk:129.241.150.146


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cephalopods

Naming policy
I am writing an article on the Atlantic Brief Squid, Lolliguncula brevis.

Is there a policy within WikiProject Cephalopods on naming articles? Many cephalopod articles seem to have their full titles starting with capital letters which is not the general policy throughout Wikipedia. I would prefer to use the scientific name. Any views? Cwmhiraeth (talk) 21:02, 11 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I would certainly go with the scientific name for the article title. Most of these cephalopod "common names" are hardly used at all outside of Wikipedia and the publications that coined them (compare Lolliguncula brevis and Atlantic Brief Squid - add speech marks to get exact results). Unfortunately, the precedent for using vernacular names for cephalopod species was set long ago and followed by most article authors (admittedly including myself). There's no real consensus for this naming standard - it was simply followed for the sake of consistency. Neale Monks explained the situation better than I can here (and that was in 2006!). Ideally, all of these obscure names should be moved to their corresponding binomials, but no one's got around to doing it yet. mgiganteus1 (talk) 21:47, 11 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response. What you said sounds sensible as does what Neale Monks said in 2006. Quite apart from Google Scholar, a general Google search brings up many more results for the scientific name and that is what I will use. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 14:37, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

RFC at Talk:Copulation
You may want to participate in the RFC at Talk:Copulation --Philcha (talk) 13:34, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation opinions
Hi. I'd be grateful if editors which an interest in disambiguation could take a look at Tristis and let me know their thoughts on its talk page. Thanks SP-KP (talk) 10:17, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

Cephalopod tentacularly tangled taxonomy
oh god... T_T

Can someone point me to a relatively stable taxonomy of coleoidea which includes (instead of completely ignores) fossil orders? Paleodb uses Nishiguchi & Mapes, 2008. I would have happily adopted that to the exclusion of the recommended but extremely dated taxonomy used by Wikiproject Cephalopods currently, except that aside from mentioning Belemnitida in-text, it was not described and seems to be excluded (or forgotten?) from the newly promoted Superorder Belemnoida. Any thoughts on this to those with wider access to academic journals? What should take precedence and which should I use. Doesn't help that Cephbase seems to be dead for a while now and I can't find anything stable anywhere.-- Obsidi ♠ nSoul  04:16, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

 * For fossil taxa, I usually consult the Paleobiology Database. Note, however, that very few extant taxa are included in this database. Bob the WikipediaN (talk • contribs) 15:08, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Aye, so it's Nishiguchi & Mapes, 2008 then, heh. Which introduces a new problem. Belemnitida is not classified under Superorder Belemnoida. Oh well. I'll place it under See also. Thanks.-- Obsidi ♠ nSoul  00:07, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Food web
Food web is currently being rewritten, and will hopefully go to FA. Any relevant contributions from people in this project will be much appreciated. --Epipelagic (talk) 06:16, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Spire in the shell of cephalopods
Hi folks, I am from the gastropod project. I want to ask you if the term "spire" is still applied to the shell of coiled shelled cephalopods like the Nautilus spp and the ammonites? We have a short article entitled Spire (mollusc). If "spire" is considered suitable terminology in cephalopod shells I will mention that, and leave the article name as it is. If not, I will move the name to Spire (gastropod). Best wishes and thanks for any help you can give me. Invertzoo (talk) 14:30, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

Taxonomy vs Classification vs Systematics vs.....
Debate on taxonomy sections listed at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Tree_of_life It follows on from discussion at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Plants cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 10:44, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Wikipedia:HighBeam
HighBeam describes a limited opportunity for Wikipedia editors to have access to HighBeam Research. —Wavelength (talk) 17:29, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

Patagonian octopus mentioned
The San Matías Gulf article says,

The local fishing industry may be unsustainably harvesting purple clam (Amiantis purpurata), Tehuelche scallop (Aequipecten tehuelchus), mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis), and ribbed mussel (Aulacomya atra), as well as the Patagonian octopus (Octopus tehuelchus).

Here are three bivalves and an octopus, either without articles, or with incorrect links. Can some octopus person please look into creating an article or correcting the link? Help with the bivalve situation would also be welcomed. --DThomsen8 (talk) 22:21, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

Is seafood a subset of cuisine?
Should articles on seafood be given titles that restrict them to cuisines, as a user maintains in this thread? There is a referral for comment on this issue where members of this project are invited to give their views. --Epipelagic (talk) 23:11, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

has anyone seen a paper nautilus shell, as good as this one?
http://sam.nipl.net/pix/shell1.jpg http://sam.nipl.net/pix/shell2.jpg http://sam.nipl.net/pix/shell3.jpg It's my mum's, she found it half buried in sand on a beach! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sam Watkins (talk • contribs) 13:43, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That's an exceptionally fine specimen of Argonauta argo you've got there. How big is it exactly? mgiganteus1 (talk) 14:41, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

Cephalopod attack!
If you would, please see Talk:Cephalopod_attack. I hope many cephalophiles here will enjoy helping to create an article octopus attacks on humans and the other on squid attacks on humans. If so, please add this project to your project page task list. Chrisrus (talk) 02:40, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
 * While cephalopod attacks are certainly interesting for speculation and fiction, there needs to be more substance to validate the article as it is before any consideration of splitting. By all means, add information from reputable sources, with proper balanced context (e.g. the relative frequency of attacks). --Animalparty-- (talk) 07:05, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Needham's sac
Hi there - I'm interested in adding cephalopod anatomy articles. I thought it might be useful to try and ensure all the links in the cephalopod anatomy template were complete. I created a draft page here - User:Cmungall/Needham's_sac - is this too minimal to be an article in itself? Is this better merged into a broader article, e.g. on the reproductive system? Thanks for any advice! Cmungall (talk) 22:26, 27 May 2013 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, it is better merged into a broader article, for both context and clarity. From the stub-article, I can't quickly find information on cephalopod reproduction (Reproductive system is too broad a subject). I'd prefer an article devoted to Cephalopod reproduction- split off and elaborated from Cephalopod- with a central discussion of the structures and behaviors involved. I think discreet anatomical organ articles should only be created when they appear in various unrelated organisms, or are so complex (and/or important) they require a good deal more than a stub to describe. --Animalparty-- (talk) 05:45, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Regarding Template:Cephalopod anatomy
Hi all! I'd like to draw attention to a discussion on Template talk:Cephalopod anatomy, regarding the Cephalopod anatomy template, and the need (or lack thereof) to fill in all the red-links. Thanks. --Animalparty-- (talk) 05:29, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Hello Animalparty, It appears that you have had no feedback on this question, so unless I am wrong about that, I would recommend you go ahead and make the changes that you suggested on the template talk page. Invertzoo (talk) 14:16, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

CephBase: dead or moved?
It's very worth mentioning that CephBase is currently down, and possibly may have been dead since 2011 according to earlier comments on this page. I can't seem to find information on alternate site address. As such, any links or references directly citing CephBase are unverifiable, and journal article PDFs hosted on CephBase need new links if available. From a wiki search at least 39 articles mention CephBase. --Animalparty-- (talk) 19:08, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

Why no quality ranking?
None of the Project articles appear to be indexed by quality. Hence, those articles most in need of improvement, nor those most dseriving recognition, can be seen. If anyone knows how to change this, or explain why quality is not tracked, please do. --Animalparty-- (talk) 23:02, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I am from WikiProject Gastropods, where our articles are already "indexed by quality". I believe the first step is a simple matter of adding... |class=?|importance=? ...to your basic project template. Then one or more workers need to go through and assess all of the existing articles, filling in the class and importance in the template on the talk page of each one, and subsequently those assessments will be automatically displayed in the chart of your article statistics: Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Cephalopods articles by quality statistics. I hope this is helpful. Invertzoo (talk) 15:00, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

Draft of an octopus article
Would someone from this project mind looking at a draft of an article on Macrotritopus defilippi? The draft is currently here. if someone does look at it, would they scrutinize it carefully because I am trying to help the editor learn to be more careful about how she extracts info from sources. Although she is an experienced editor, In the past she appears to have introduced errors into her new and newly expanded articles when trying to paraphrase from sources, especially when she was writing about topics that she did not understand in depth. Many thanks for any help you can give, Invertzoo (talk) 00:23, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

List of edible molluscs includes some cephalopods
This list article was created a week or two ago; basically it was a bare list taken straight from Category Edible molluscs, with no additional refinements. This morning I put in three hours of work trying to improve it .It looks a lot better now but it still has only one small reference (!) and no doubt could use numerous other refinements. Would someone please be kind enough to take a look at it and see if they can improve it further? Thanks, Invertzoo (talk) 14:53, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
Hello there! As you may already know, most WikiProjects here on Wikipedia struggle to stay active after they've been founded. I believe there is a lot of potential for WikiProjects to facilitate collaboration across subject areas, so I have submitted a grant proposal with the Wikimedia Foundation for the "WikiProject X" project. WikiProject X will study what makes WikiProjects succeed in retaining editors and then design a prototype WikiProject system that will recruit contributors to WikiProjects and help them run effectively. Please review the proposal here and leave feedback. If you have any questions, you can ask on the proposal page or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you for your time! (Also, sorry about the posting mistake earlier. If someone already moved my message to the talk page, feel free to remove this posting.) Harej (talk) 22:47, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

Note: To receive additional notifications about WikiProject X on this talk page, please add this page to WikiProject X/Newsletter. Otherwise, this will be the last notification sent about WikiProject X.

Harej (talk) 16:56, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

Pageview stats
After a recent request, I added WikiProject Cephalopods to the list of projects to compile monthly pageview stats for. The data is the same used by http://stats.grok.se/en/ but the program is different, and includes the aggregate views from all redirects to each page. The stats are at WikiProject Cephalopods/Popular pages.

The page will be updated monthly with new data. The edits aren't marked as bot edits, so they will show up in watchlists. You can view more results, request a new project be added to the list, or request a configuration change for this project using the Tool Labs tool. If you have any comments or suggestions, please let me know. Thanks! Mr.Z-man 04:39, 14 March 2015 (UTC)

Chromatophore FAR
I have nominated Chromatophore for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Sandy Georgia (Talk) 18:45, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

Cephbase back in action?!
It seems that Cephbase was down and unlocatable for a while. However, it appears there are now at least 2 active websites called CephBase http://cephbase.eol.org/ and http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/cephbase.php. Perhaps the CephBase Genus and similar templates should be updated, since none of them appear to work. --Animalparty-- (talk) 04:36, 12 April 2015 (UTC)

Category:Octopodidae vs Category:Octopuses
The Octopodidae category contains some genera but also some species. What should be added into this category? Same goes for the Octopuses category. Although the former is a subcategory of the latter, I don't get why there seems to be the same chaotic content in both categories. I have recently found interest in categorization related to taxonomy, but are there clear guidelines and procedures to follow? The Average Wikipedian (talk) 15:16, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

2016 Community Wishlist Survey Proposal to Revive Popular Pages
Greetings Members!

This is a one-time-only message to inform you about a technical proposal to revive your Popular Pages list in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey that I think you may be interested in reviewing and perhaps even voting for:

 * Fix and improve Mr.Z-bot's popular pages report

If the above proposal gets in the Top 10 based on the votes, there is a high likelihood of this bot being restored so your project will again see monthly updates of popular pages.

Further, there are over 260 proposals in all to review and vote for, across many aspects of wikis.

Thank you for your consideration. Please note that voting for proposals continues through December 12, 2016.

Best regards, — Delivered: 17:56, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

Popular pages report
We – Community Tech – are happy to announce that the Popular pages bot is back up-and-running (after a one year hiatus)! You're receiving this message because your WikiProject or task force is signed up to receive the popular pages report. Every month, will post at /Popular pages with a list of the most-viewed pages over the previous month that are within the scope of. We've made some enhancements to the original report. Here's what's new:
 * The pageview data includes both desktop and mobile data.
 * The report will include a link to the pageviews tool for each article, to dig deeper into any surprises or anomalies.
 * The report will include the total pageviews for the entire project (including redirects).

We're grateful to for his original, and we wish his bot a happy robot retirement. Just as before, we hope the popular pages reports will aid you in understanding the reach of, and what articles may be deserving of more attention. If you have any questions or concerns please contact us at m:User talk:Community Tech bot.

Warm regards, the Community Tech Team 17:16, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

Populating the "Molluscs described in YYYY" categories
Various editors, including myself, have been creating categories such as Category:Molluscs described in 2000 and populating them. It is rather slow, repetitive and tedious. I am considering setting up a bot for the task of moving molluscs from "Animals described in..." categories to the corresponding "Molluscs described in..." category. Any thoughts?

It has been suggested at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Gastropods that gastropods should be put into their own categories as part of this task. William Avery (talk) 11:42, 26 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I have filed a bot approval request at WP:BRFA. William Avery (talk) 21:00, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

RfC on categorizing by year of formal description
Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of Life for a discussion on possible guidelines for categorizing by year of formal description of a species. Peter coxhead (talk) 10:54, 26 April 2018 (UTC)

WikiProject collaboration notice from the Portals WikiProject
The reason I am contacting you is because there are one or more portals that fall under this subject, and the Portals WikiProject is currently undertaking a major drive to automate portals that may affect them.

Portals are being redesigned.

The new design features are being applied to existing portals.

At present, we are gearing up for a maintenance pass of portals in which the introduction section will be upgraded to no longer need a subpage. In place of static copied and pasted excerpts will be self-updating excerpts displayed through selective transclusion, using the template Transclude lead excerpt.

The discussion about this can be found here.

Maintainers of specific portals are encouraged to sign up as project members here, noting the portals they maintain, so that those portals are skipped by the maintenance pass. Currently, we are interested in upgrading neglected and abandoned portals. There will be opportunity for maintained portals to opt-in later, or the portal maintainers can handle upgrading (the portals they maintain) personally at any time.

Background
On April 8th, 2018, an RfC ("Request for comment") proposal was made to eliminate all portals and the portal namespace. On April 17th, the Portals WikiProject was rebooted to handle the revitalization of the portal system. On May 12th, the RfC was closed with the result to keep portals, by a margin of about 2 to 1 in favor of keeping portals.

There's an article in the current edition of the Signpost interviewing project members about the RfC and the Portals WikiProject.

Since the reboot, the Portals WikiProject has been busy building tools and components to upgrade portals.

So far, 84 editors have joined.

If you would like to keep abreast of what is happening with portals, see the newsletter archive.

If you have any questions about what is happening with portals or the Portals WikiProject, please post them on the WikiProject's talk page.

Thank you. — The Transhumanist  10:54, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

Request for comment on recommending usage of automatic taxoboxes
There is an RfC regarding recommending usage of automatic taxoboxes at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of Life. Inviting anybody who watches this page to contribute their thoughts to that thread.

WikiProject Cephalopods is currently using automatic taxoboxes in 57.1% of project tagged articles that have any form of taxobox. Plantdrew (talk) 01:23, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

Bivalves/Cephalopods/Chitons described in YYYY categories
I started an fyi/discussion/request to populate for these cats at WT:MARINELIFE (since a WP:WikiProject Molluscs doesn't exist, to my surprise!). ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf) 00:01, 27 October 2018 (UTC)

List of cephalopods
Please discuss at Talk:Cephalopod on whether there should be a list of cephalopods as there currently is a draft for such a list. AngusWOOF ( bark  •  sniff ) 00:49, 22 February 2019 (UTC)

A new newsletter directory is out!
A new Newsletter directory has been created to replace the old, out-of-date one. If your WikiProject and its taskforces have newsletters (even inactive ones), or if you know of a missing newsletter (including from sister projects like WikiSpecies), please include it in the directory! The template can be a bit tricky, so if you need help, just post the newsletter on the template's talk page and someone will add it for you.
 * – Sent on behalf of Headbomb. 03:11, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

Subscribe to new Tree of Life Newsletter!
Despite the many Wikipedians who edit content related to organisms/species, there hasn't been a Tree of Life Newsletter...until now! If you would like regular deliveries of said newsletter, please add your name to the subscribers list. Thanks, Enwebb (talk) 00:10, 5 May 2019 (UTC)

First annual Tree of Life Decemberween contest
After all the fun with the Spooky Species Contest last month, there's a new contest for the (Northern hemisphere's) Winter holidays at WikiProject Tree of Life/Contest. It's not just Christmas, but anything festive from December-ish. Feel free to add some ideas to the Festive taxa list and enter early and often. --Nessie (talk) 18:13, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

User script to detect unreliable sources
I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. Some of you may already be familiar with it, given it is currently the 39th most imported script on Wikipedia. The idea is that it takes something like and turns it into something like
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from cite web, cite journal and doi.

The script is mostly based on WP:RSPSOURCES, WP:NPPSG and WP:CITEWATCH and a good dose of common sense. I'm always expanding coverage and tweaking the script's logic, so general feedback and suggestions to expand coverage to other unreliable sources are always welcomed.

Do note that this is not a script to be mindlessly used, and several caveats apply. Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable.

-   Headbomb {t · c · p · b}

This is a one time notice and can't be unsubscribed from. Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:01, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cephalopods


text:
Inherit the Earth

Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb is an adventure game developed by The Dreamers Guild and published by New World Computing in 1994.

The point and click adventure game features a world of talking humanoid animals, with the gameplay focusing on a fox on a quest to find a stolen orb, a relic of the mythical humans.

Development
Inherit the Earth was developed by The Dreamers Guild for the DOS platform and published by New World Computing. The game was originally released in 1994 and later ported to the Macintosh. The German version Erben der Erde: Die große Suche was published by Softgold and first released as a port to the Amiga, followed by the DOS version.

In 1996 the German computer magazine with CD "Bestseller Games #10" brought 300,000 units of ITE on the German market as budget release.

Re-release
In 2000 the former Dreamers Guild co-founder Joe Pearce started a new company, Wyrmkeep Entertainment. In 2002 Pearce acquired the rights for the game, and self-published Inherit the Earth on his website for Windows and macOS. The full version was offered for $20 via PayPal and Kagi.com, while a free demo was downloadable.

In late 2004 Pearce provided the ScummVM developers with the source code of Inherit the Earth's SAGA engine (Scripts for Animated Graphic Adventures), which made ports to alternative platforms, like Linux, possible. In March 2007, a Pocket PC edition was released, followed by a port to the iPad in 2010.

The game has also been released digitally on GOG.com and Steam in June 2013.

Sequels
According to one of the original artists and animators, Lisa Jennings, the game ends on a "To be continued" note, as it was originally intended to be part of a trilogy, which did not happen due to conflicts between the developer and publisher.

In January 2013 a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for the development of a sequel was initiated by Wyrmkeep Entertainment, but the funding goal was not met. A second campaign was started in July 2014 with a higher goal to account for adding voice acting to the project. This campaign was also unsuccessful. In March 2015, a Patreon funding drive was launched, with the aim to help finish funding the sequel's first of three chapters. This Patreon was intended to lead into another Kickstarter drive, with the base goal undetermined, but stated to be under $30,000.

Plot
In a far future, mankind is extinct and Earth is populated by several tribes of anthropomorphic animals – collectively referred to as the Morph – who have achieved a level of technology and societal sophistication roughly equivalent to Europe in the High Middle Ages. The humans are enshrined in legends as having been the ones who gave the Morph prehensile hands, mouths capable of speech, and the ability to think and feel, but the Morph have little understanding of their long-lost forebears, who exist now only in stories, ruins and a few technological relics.

The game begins with the protagonist, Rif of the Fox Tribe, being falsely accused of having stolen the Orb of Storms (a technological relic of humankind which is able to predict the weather), primarily based on the fact that he was one of only two foxes in the area at the time of the theft. Rif volunteers to look for the Orb himself, and is given assistance and guards in the form of Eeah of the Elk Guard and Okk of the Boar Tribe. The Boar King takes Rif's girlfriend Rhene hostage as insurance.

The trio travel throughout the Known Lands over the course of their investigation. Along the way, they encounter the various Tribes under the protection of the Forest King (the Elk Tribe ruler who exerts hegemonic control over the whole region), some of which have other Orbs containing other knowledge left behind by the humans. With the assistance of Sist, the leader of the Rats, they eventually discover that the Orb of Storms was stolen by a Raccoon, an animal rarely seen in the Known Lands. Sist also reveals that the Boar King has formed an alliance with the Wolves who live far to the north.

Riff, Okk, and Eeah attempt to pass into the Wild Lands, the untamed regions to the north, but are apprehended by Prince, the ruler of the castle in which the Dogs have sequestered themselves. Rif escapes, and eventually secures the help of Alama, a Cat hermit, and a tribe of wildcats to free his friends.

The trio then travel further north, to the isolated island claimed by the Wolves, where they learn that the Raccoon, Chota, has manipulated the Wolves' politics and stolen the Orb to take over the Known Lands, as the Orb of Storms is the key to a system left behind by the humans to control the weather. In Chota's fortress, a human hydroelectric dam, Rif, Okk and Eeah outwit their enemies, and Chota and the Orb are presumed lost. They return to the Known Lands, where Rif convinces the Tribes to work together, so that they will no longer need the Orbs to make their lives better. The Forest King takes his advice, promotes Okk and Eeah, and releases Rhene.

However, the Orb of Storms was not destroyed, and is preparing to initiate Chota's final command to begin a long drought, awaiting input on the ending date of the drought.

Game theme
A background theme of the game is the fate of the humans. According to the game's introduction and manual, the humans created the Morph from their constituent animals, and then mysteriously disappeared sometime later, with nearly all information about human civilization and technology lost or passed into legend. The Rats, the most educated tribe, are the only ones who believe in the humans' existence, due to their exploration of human ruins.

Most of the human relics are in the third area of the game. On the North Island, the player explores ancient human ruins of hydroelectric dams, airports, and solar observatories, with clues indicating that the humans were struck by a sudden disaster.

David Joiner, one of the game's developers, said in an interview that humanity was eradicated by an airborne biological weapon, a scenario inspired by the Alistair MacLean novel The Satan Bug. This is alluded to in the game's opening sequence, which shows a tapestry depicting humans fleeing from a giant microbe. The developers also explored the idea of humans living in a lunar base, alluded to in-game.

Webcomic
The story of the video game is continued in the official webcomic, Inherit the Earth, which takes place ten months after the events of the game. The webcomic is drawn by Allison Hershey, the game's original art designer, and co-written by Joe Pearce, the owner of Wyrmkeep Entertainment.

Reception
Computer Gaming World in August 1994 rated Inherit the Earth 2.5 stars out of five. While praising the graphics' "storybook charm" the reviewer stated that the game had too many mazes and fetch quests "tacked in order to extend its limited game play". He reported an "abrupt", incomplete ending and concluded that the game's "puzzles were given the least amount of attention". The game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #209 by Sandy Petersen in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Petersen gave the game 2 out of 5 stars. Amiga Games issue 9/95 gave 92% and ASM issue 10/94 gave 10/12 points.

According to Joe Pearce of The Dreamers Guild, Inherit the Earth was a commercial flop, but the game has some loyal following in the furry fandom.

According to Lisa Jennings, concept artist and animator for the game, the game struggled from combining a serious and detailed plot with anthropomorphic animals, a theme usually associated with children's entertainment:

"Our biggest conflict was simple: the developers wanted something that was rather adult in nature. The publishers saw animals and equated it with children, and so forced us at every turn to cater to the 8-12 range, up to and including removing any death scenes to keep a Children's Rating."

Reviews

 * MikroBitti (September 1994)
 * ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (September 1994)
 * Amiga Joker (April 1995)
 * Joystick (French) (September 1994)
 * Quandary (September 1998)
 * Power Play (July 1994)
 * Svenska Hemdatornytt (October 1994)

title: Inherit the Earth


text:
Rosedale, Queens

Rosedale is a neighborhood in New York City in the southeastern portion of the borough of Queens. The neighborhood, located along the southern part of Queens, borders Nassau County.

Rosedale is located in Queens Community District 13 and its ZIP Code is 11422. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 105th Precinct.

History
Rosedale was originally conceived in the consolidation of the borough of Queens as a part of what is now Springfield Gardens. At the time, the Laurelton Land Company was in charge of the new Borough of Queens. It was dotted with farmland that was isolated from each other, so construction on an acceptable mode of transportation was started immediately. The Southern Railroad of Long Island (now Long Island Rail Road) was built and the whole area (today Laurelton, Rosedale, and Springfield Gardens) was served by the Laurelton station. The area was also connected to the Brooklyn waterworks. In the 20th century, the water system was less needed, and its use dwindled. Today the ruins of the aqueduct system can still be seen. After the Long Island Rail Road's construction, many new roads such as Francis Lewis and Sunrise Boulevard (today Sunrise Highway) were constructed. The area that is now Rosedale remained farmland until the mid-1930s. After the former period of relatively slow growth, development rapidly turned Rosedale into a suburban community. Rosedale was originally known as Foster's Meadow.

During the mid-1970s, African American and Caribbean families started moving into what had been a mostly Irish, Italian, and Jewish community. Many black families' homes were firebombed to harass them and cajole them to leave. The U.S. government filed a civil-rights lawsuit in 1975 against a group named Return Our American Rights (ROAR), alleging that ROAR had been harassing white homeowners who tried to sell to black clients, and implicating ROAR in some of the firebombings. In 1976, Bill Moyers presented a documentary titled Rosedale: The Way It Is, which addressed the racial tensions in the community. While the racial tensions decreased in subsequent years, there were still some incidents of racial conflict: for instance, during the July 4 weekend in 1989, a group of white youths chased black youths through Rosedale after a dispute over firecrackers.

In the end, the area ended up being mostly a home to many Caribbean immigrants. Irish, Italian, and Jewish Americans moved to the neighboring Nassau County communities of Valley Stream, South Valley Stream, and Woodmere.

Location
Rosedale is bordered to the north by Cambria Heights, to the east by Valley Stream and North Woodmere (both in Nassau County), to the west by Laurelton, Springfield Gardens, and John F. Kennedy International Airport, and to the south by Inwood and Lawrence in Nassau County. It is at the eastern edge of New York City, at its border with Valley Stream forming part of the boundary between Queens and Nassau County. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 13. Many roads of importance in Queens also run through Rosedale such as Francis Lewis Boulevard, Conduit Avenue, Cross Island Parkway, and the Belt Parkway, as well as Rockaway Boulevard, Sunrise Highway, and Merrick Boulevard which connect Queens and Nassau Counties.

Warnerville and Meadowmere
Warnerville and Meadowmere are small neighborhoods within Rosedale. The area is served by the 11422 ZIP Code, which also covers the rest of Rosedale and parts of Kennedy Airport. Warnerville is surrounded on three sides by Jamaica Bay just to the southeast of John F. Kennedy International Airport and comprises just three streets, bordered by Rockaway Boulevard on the east. Meadowmere is surrounded by Nassau County and comprises just four streets and six blocks, bordered on the west by Hook Creek and on the east by Rockaway Boulevard.

Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Rosedale was 25,063, a decrease of 439 (1.7%) from the 25,502 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,354.44 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 18.5 PD/acre.

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 5.3% (1,334) White, 79.9% (20,033) African American, 0.3% (82) Native American, 2.2% (556) Asian, 1.0% (242) from other races, and 1.9% (474) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.3% (2,342) of the population.

Recreation
The 90 acre Brookville Park is located on the western border of Rosedale (next to Springfield Gardens). It is bounded by South Conduit Avenue, 149th Avenue, and 232nd and 235th Streets. It contains Conselyea's Pond.

Public schools
Rosedale's public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education.

Public elementary and intermediate (Junior High) schools in Rosedale include:
 * P.S. 38/Rosedale School
 * P.S. 138/The Sunrise School
 * P.S. 195/The William Haberle School
 * P.S./I.S. 270/The Gordon Parks School

Private schools
Private preschool, elementary and intermediate (Junior High) schools in Rosedale include:
 * Christ Lutheran, a Lutheran school for K–8th Grade
 * Little Leadership Academy, a Christian preschool for ages 2 – 5.
 * St. Clare Catholic Academy

Transportation
Rosedale is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Atlantic Branch, located at North Conduit Avenue and 243rd Street. Service is provided by both the Far Rockaway and Long Beach branches. Rosedale is also served by the Q5, Q85 and Q111 bus routes. There is also an express bus route, the X63, which operates during rush hours only.

Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of Rosedale include:

 * Barbara Bach (born 1947), actress
 * Phil Carey (1925–2009), soap opera actor
 * Kadeem Dacres (born 1991), soccer player who currently plays as a winger
 * John DeBella, radio personality
 * Ken Eurell (born 1960), plays himself in the documentary The Seven Five
 * Alicia Hyndman (born 1971), politician who represents the 29th District of the New York State Assembly
 * Charles Jenkins (born 1989), basketball player
 * Carole King (born 1942), singer, songwriter, and pianist
 * Victor LaValle (born 1972), author<ref."Victor LaValle On Mental Illness, Monsters, Survival", Fresh Air, August 29, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Lavalle: We moved to another part of Queens when I was 13, and it was an all-black neighborhood. It was called, it was Rosedale, Queens and it was all black."
 * Florence V. Lucas (1915–1987), lawyer who was president of the Jamaica branch of the NAACP.
 * Dean Marlowe (born 1992), NFL Professional Athlete
 * Paul C. McKasty (1964–1989), engineer, mixer, and producer
 * Darren Robinson (1967–1995), rapper of The Fat Boys
 * Herb Score (1933–2008), baseball player/announcer, born in Rosedale
 * DJ Spinbad (1974-2020), DJ/Producer
 * John Turturro (born 1957), actor, director
 * Nicholas Turturro (born 1962), actor
 * Harvey Wang (born 1956), photographer

title: Rosedale, Queens


text:
User talk:Strafing Moose

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkTroll 16:26, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Strafing Moose