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Brian Dennehy

Brian Manion Dennehy (July 9, 1938 – April 15, 2020) was an American actor of stage, television, and film. He won two Tony Awards, an Olivier Award, and a Golden Globe, and received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Dennehy had roles in over 180 films and in many television and stage productions. His film roles included First Blood (1982), Gorky Park (1983), Silverado (1985), Cocoon (1985), F/X (1986), Presumed Innocent (1990), Tommy Boy (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), Ratatouille (2007), and Knight of Cups (2015). Dennehy won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film for his role as Willy Loman in the television film Death of a Salesman (2000). Dennehy's final film was Driveways (2019), in which he plays a veteran of the Korean War, living alone, who befriends a young, shy boy who has come with his mother to clean out his deceased aunt's hoarded home.

According to Variety, Dennehy was "perhaps the foremost living interpreter" of playwright Eugene O'Neill's works on stage and screen. He had a decades long relationship with Chicago's Goodman Theatre where much of his O'Neill work originated. He also regularly played Canada's Stratford Festival, especially in works by William Shakespeare and Samuel Beckett. He once gave credit for his award-winning performances to the plays’ authors: "When you walk with giants, you learn how to take bigger steps." Dennehy was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 2010.

Early life
Brian Manion Dennehy was born on July 9, 1938, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Hannah (Manion), a nurse, and Edward Dennehy, a wire service editor for the Associated Press. He had two brothers, Michael and Edward. He was of Irish ancestry and was raised Catholic. The family relocated to Long Island, New York, where Dennehy attended Chaminade High School in the village of Mineola.

He entered Columbia University in New York City on a football scholarship in the fall of 1956. He interrupted his college education to spend five years in the U.S. Marines. He was stationed in the U.S., Japan, and Korea. He returned to Columbia in 1960 and graduated in 1965 with a B.A. in history. While acting in regional theater he supported his family by working blue-collar jobs including driving a taxi and bartending. He hated his brief stint as a stockbroker for Merrill Lynch in their Manhattan office in the mid-1970s. He later described how working odd hours allowed him to attend matinee theater performances that provided his acting education: "I never went to acting school—I was a truck driver and I used to go see everything I could see—Wednesday afternoons". In the 1970s, stage performances in New York led to television and film work.

Film
Dennehy was primarily known as a dramatic actor. His breakthrough role was as the overzealous sheriff Will Teasle in First Blood (1982) opposite Sylvester Stallone as John Rambo.

His earlier films included several comedies, like Semi-Tough (1977) with Burt Reynolds (in which he portrayed a pro football player), Foul Play (1978) with Chevy Chase, and 10 (1979) with Dudley Moore (as a Manzanillo bartender). He appeared in the 1983 thriller Gorky Park as William Kirwill opposite William Hurt and Lee Marvin. He later portrayed a corrupt sheriff in the western Silverado and an alien in Cocoon, both released in 1985.

Dennehy had memorable supporting parts in such films as Split Image (1982), Never Cry Wolf (1983), Legal Eagles (1986), Cocoon: The Return (1988), F/X: Murder By Illusion (1986), Presumed Innocent (1990), F/X2: The Deadly Art of Illusion (1991) and Prophet of Evil (1993).

Dennehy gradually became a valuable character actor but also achieved leading-man status in the thriller Best Seller (1987) co-starring James Woods. That same year, he also starred in the Peter Greenaway film The Belly of an Architect, for which he won the Best Actor Award at the 1987 Chicago International Film Festival. Commenting upon this unusual venture, Dennehy said, "I've been in a lot of movies but this is the first film I've made."

He went on to star as Harrison in the Australian film The Man from Snowy River II in 1988.

One of his most well-known roles came in the 1995 Chris Farley-David Spade comedy Tommy Boy as Big Tom Callahan. He also was reunited with his 10 co-star Bo Derek in Tommy Boy, in which she played his wife. The following year, he played Romeo's father in Romeo + Juliet.

Dennehy had a voice role in the 2007 animated movie Ratatouille as Django, father of the rat chef Remy. He appeared as the superior officer of Robert De Niro and Al Pacino in the 2008 cop drama Righteous Kill and as the father of Russell Crowe in the 2010 suspense film The Next Three Days.

Dennehy starred as Clarence Darrow in Alleged, a film based on the Scopes Monkey Trial, the famous court battle over the teaching of evolution in American public schools.

Television
Dennehy's early professional acting career included small guest roles in such 1970s and 1980s series as Kojak, Lou Grant, Dallas, Dynasty, and Hunter. He also appeared in an episode of Miami Vice during the 1987–88 season.

Dennehy portrayed Sergeant Ned T. "Frozen Chosen" Coleman in the television movie A Rumor of War (1980) opposite Brad Davis. He continued to appear in such high-profile television films as Skokie (1981), Split Image (1982), Day One (1989), and A Killing in a Small Town (1990) opposite Barbara Hershey. He also played the title role in HBO's Teamster Boss: The Jackie Presser Story.

Dennehy had a lead role as fire chief/celebrity dad Leslie "Buddy" Krebs in the short-lived 1982 series Star of the Family. Despite his star power, that show was cancelled after a half-season. He starred in the crime drama Jack Reed TV movies. Dennehy was nominated for Emmy Awards six times for his television movies. In 1992, he was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie for his performance as John Wayne Gacy in To Catch a Killer, and he was nominated that same year in a different category, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie, for The Burden of Proof. Dennehy's other Emmy nominations were for his work in A Killing in a Small Town, Murder in the Heartland (1993) and his work in the Showtime cable TV movie Our Fathers (2005), which was about the Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal. In 2000, Dennehy was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie for a television presentation for his performance as Willy Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman which he had performed on Broadway. While not gaining the actor an Emmy win, the performance did, however, win him a Golden Globe Award. He also appeared as a recurring character in the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me!.

A cartoon version of Dennehy appeared in the 1999 film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut as well as in an episode of The Simpsons.

In January 2007, he starred in the episode "Scheherazade" of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as a retired criminal who wants to reconnect with his daughter and admit his crimes before dying of a terminal disease thus eventually clearing a wrongfully imprisoned inmate. In April 2008, Dennehy guest-starred as a Teamster boss in "Sandwich Day", an episode of the TV series 30 Rock. He guest-starred in a 2009 episode of Rules of Engagement as the father of the main character, Jeff.

Dennehy starred as Elizabeth Keen's grandfather on the NBC series The Blacklist since the third season until his death from sepsis. He is replaced by actor Ron Raines during the show's eighth season.

In 2015 Dennehy co-starred in the Amazon Studios pilot Cocked with Jason Lee, Dreama Walker, Diora Baird, and Sam Trammell.

Dennehy also narrated many television programs including the Canadian-Irish docudrama Death or Canada.

Theater
Dennehy won two Tony Awards, both times for Best Lead Actor in a Play. His first win was for Death of a Salesman (for which he also won a Laurence Olivier Award for the production's London run), in 1999, and the second was for Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night in 2003. Both productions were directed by Robert Falls and were originally produced at the Goodman Theatre company in Chicago, Illinois. His acting in the "Salesman" was called "the performance of Dennehy's career".

On stage, Dennehy frequently performed in the Chicago theater world, and made his Broadway debut in 1995 in Brian Friel's Translations. In 1999, he was the first male performer to be voted the Sarah Siddons Award for his work in Chicago theater. He made a return to Broadway in 2007 as Matthew Harrison Brady in Inherit the Wind opposite Christopher Plummer, then returned again opposite Carla Gugino in a 2009 revival of Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms.

In fall 1992, he played the lead role of Hickey in Robert Falls's production of Eugene O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin.

In 2008, Dennehy appeared at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, appearing in All's Well That Ends Well as the King of France, and a double bill of plays, Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape and Eugene O'Neill's Hughie, where Dennehy reprised the role of Erie Smith. In 2010, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. In December 2010, he returned to Ireland to play Bull McCabe in the Olympia Theatre of Dublin's stage version of John B. Keane's The Field.

In 2011, Dennehy returned to the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in the role of Sir Toby Belch in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. He also played Max in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming, the first Pinter work to be produced there.

In April through June 2012, he played the role of Larry Slade in the Eugene O'Neill play The Iceman Cometh at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago, which he reprised in 2015 when the production, with most of the Goodman Theater production cast, was revived at the BAM Harvey Theater in Brooklyn, New York, New York.

Military service
Dennehy enlisted in the United States Marine Corps serving from 1958 to 1963, including playing football on Okinawa. In several interviews, he described being wounded in combat and repeatedly claimed to have served in Vietnam.

In 1999, he apologized for misrepresenting his military record, stating: "I lied about serving in Vietnam, and I'm sorry. I did not mean to take away from the actions and the sacrifices of the ones who did really serve there... I did steal valor. That was very wrong of me. There is no real excuse for that."

Personal life
Dennehy married for the first time while in the Marines in 1959. Before he finished college he and his first wife had three daughters. Two of them became actresses, including Elizabeth Dennehy. After his first marriage ended in divorce in 1987, he married Jennifer Arnott, an Australian, in 1988, they had two children, a son and a daughter.

Death
Dennehy died on April 15, 2020, of cardiac arrest due to sepsis. in New Haven, Connecticut. He was survived by his wife and his five children.

title: Brian Dennehy


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Wake

Wake or The Wake may refer to:

Culture

 * Wake (ceremony), a ritual which takes place during some funeral ceremonies
 * Wakes week, an English holiday tradition
 * Parish Wake, another name of the Welsh gŵyl mabsant, the fairs held on the local parish's patron saint's annual feast

Film, television, and audio

 * Wake (2009 film), an independent film
 * Wake (cancelled film), a cancelled American action thriller film
 * "Wake" (The Secret Circle), a television episode
 * The Wake (1986 film), a Canadian drama film
 * The Wake (2005 film), a Greek film
 * The Wake (audio drama), a Doctor Who related audio drama

Literature

 * Wake (McMann novel), 2008
 * Wake (Sawyer novel), 2009
 * Wake (comics), a French comic created by Morvan and Buchet
 * The Wake (novel), 2014, by Paul Kingsnorth
 * The Sandman: The Wake, a 1995 graphic novel

Games

 * Alan Wake, a 2010 video game
 * Alan Wake 2, the 2023 video game sequel.
 * Crasher Wake, a Gym Leader in the Pokémon video games

Music

 * Wake (opera), a 2018 opera by Giorgio Battistelli
 * The Wake (UK band), a post-punk band
 * The Wake (American band), a gothic rock band
 * Wake (Dead Can Dance album), 2003
 * Wake (Floater album), 2010
 * Wake (Mortal album), 1994
 * Wake (Tara MacLean album), 2008
 * Wake (Trio Töykeät album), 2005
 * Wake (Lycia album), 1989
 * Wake (For Today album), 2015
 * The Wake (IQ album), 1985
 * The Wake (Scott Kelly album), 2008
 * The Wake (Voivod album), 2018

Places and schools

 * Wake, Okayama, Japan
 * Wake, Virginia, U.S.
 * Wake County, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Wake Forest, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Wake Forest Demon Deacons, this school's athletic program
 * Wake Island, in the Pacific Ocean
 * Bade Airport, the airport in Papua, Indonesia, assigned ICAO code WAKE

Science

 * WAKE (cipher), a stream cipher
 * Wake (physics), the region of recirculating flow immediately behind a moving solid body
 * Wake low, a meteorological phenomenon which can cause high winds
 * Wake-on-LAN, a signal that activates a device via a network connection
 * Wake-on-ring, or Wake-on-Modem (WOM), a signal that activates a device via a telephone connection
 * Wake turbulence, the air turbulence that forms around and behind an aircraft
 * Wake, a group of vultures

Other uses

 * WAKE (AM), radio station in Indiana, United States
 * Wake (sculpture), a 2004 weathering steel sculpture by Richard Serra
 * Wake (surname)
 * USS Wake, the only U.S. ship to surrender in World War II.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wake


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Talk:Criminal tattoo

level of info
I think the level of info for the Japanese section is currently about right. I'm based in Europe so don't know much about the US stuff. Please add anything you know! If there are other countries you can add (Mexico and S America?) please do! I have a copy of Baldaev's book and will try to add a bit more on the Russian stuff.

I have edited the info on the Aryan Brotherhood tattoos. I took out the claim they where founded in Idaho (I'm 99% sure it was Californa. Like "If it didn't say Idaho I'd be 100%" 99% sure) and added the fact that their shamrock tends to have "666" incorporated into it and why, also noted the fact the AB often hides the letters AB and "666" into other, less criminaly oriented tattoos. I'd like to add some information on American street gang tattoos but I'm not sure how to organize it, I'd say its a case of knowing to much to know where to start. What immeditatly pops to mind are the Six and Five point stars and crowns, but I'd probably start rambling about how Six point gangs tend to nominal allies while alot of Five point gangs have nothing to do with each other (and many are indeed enemies of pretty much anyone and everyone outside of their own gang). I don't know, I'd like to see the purely american gang tattoo culture represented but I can't write artical quality worth shit. -- Lich —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.54.164.212 (talk) 07:07, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

for some reason
For some reason the version shown on screen is not the latest version. I suspect this may be due to a cached version but maybe there's a glitch in the wiki?

Pics
It would be nice to have some pics of tatts in question.

 * Nothing here about swallow tattoos on the necks and hands? I've always thought that this was a British prison thing.

 * swallows are a sailor tattoo i thought?

 * Swallow tattoo's are a "safe passage" tattoo. Nothing to do with criminals specifically. --Threatis 13:03, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Could be but I can'tthink of one person I know of with the swallows on hands who hasn't been isnide, and been told that it's something someone gets done at the end of a longer sentence to symbolise freedom. Just a thought though, probably has roots from all over.

teardop
I had heard that the teardrop tattoo by the eye meant that the one displaying it had killed a police officer ... anyone else heard this?

It actually stands for a fallen brother when they display the teardrop.

Just in case you wanted to know, the US rapper "the Game" has one of thse below his eye after his brother got shot dead

It can mean 1. You've killed someone (not neccisarly a cop) 2. Someone you loved was killed/in prison 3. One tear drop for every ten years you've served (not are sentenced to). Gang/Ghetto tattoos are very subjective. Bloods and Crips might use the same exact tattoo but have completely diffrent meanings, or the above is true but the tattoo has been around for decades with a diffrent meaning then they choose. Just examples. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.54.164.212 (talk) 06:51, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

The tattoo has been around for decades and usually has a reference to prison.

Before all the celebrities started getting them it was a very bad tattoo to have. Depending on the region or prison it meant you were either raped in prison, property of a prisoner(s) as a sex slave or a child molester. It was forcefully applied on the face as a branding so the humiliation could never be covered up and they'd always be a target no matter what prison they went to.

When these guys got out of jail they were too ashamed to say what it meant so it was common to say it meant they killed someone while inside, yet it was quite obvious if they didn't serve extra time for the murder it wasn't true.

Times have changed and a lot of us older folk see this kids with the tear tattoo and shudder for a moment, to me it brings back memories of disgust, people to avoid. If only the kids knew the true origins and how uncool it is they'd think twice before wilfully branding themselves in this way. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.148.82.40 (talk) 03:37, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

Another one
A dot between the knuckle and joint of the pointer finger on the right hand and a dot on each finger between the knuckle and joint of the left hand (minus the thumb) is a northside tattoo. I don't got a reference but I know for a fact I am correct if anyone wants to look for one. 70.96.235.178 20:39, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Russian Tatto?
This page still needs a lot of work, and I can't tell if the Russian tattoos are an elaborate joke.

My main query however this line: If it marks one for death why would anyone want to have it tattooed for any other reason?! Bug 13:23, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Swastika - is forcibly applied to forehead and marks one for death, or is a sign of rebellion against russian prison authority. Is not usually associated with the nazi swastika.

The russian page isn't an elaborate joke, it maybe incomplete and even inaccurate in some specific meanings. But it's basically on the right lines.

I don't know about a Swastika on the forehead. But within a "normally" placed tattoo it isn't a nazi logo or a death sentence: it's more a willing show of defiance against the CCCP/soviet system (think of WW2 Eastern Front ie. your enemy is my friend). It doesn't even seemed to be used as an anti-semitic sign.

Not saying that there aren't plenty of anti-semitic tattoos, but the ones I've seen are more male stereotypical portrait type (hooked nose etc.)

--Selton1968 00:27, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

The clue to the answer to "if it marks one for death why would anyone want to have it tattooed..?" lies in the phrase "forcibly applied". The person wanting it tattooed (i.e. commissioning the tattoo) is not the wearer. Russian forehead tattoos are usually derogatory (to put it mildly!) and not voluntary.

Velada (talk) 01:37, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Actually I've got to be honest and say I'm not convinced on the accuracy of any of these entries. I know, for example, a crusifix on your chest actually indicates you served time in a specific czech prison. A good rule of thumb for russian tattoos: If the symbolism makes sense.... Your wrong. Russian Tattoos seem to be almost randomly picked and their meaning just universaly accepted. The picture has nothing, what so ever, to do with what it represents. I suspect that the "Theives in Law" spread alot of disinformation about what their tattoos mean. Also, it says something about raping a child to be worthy of despise inside a russian prison. Frankly fellas, as sad and sick as it is... No, it's not considered a cardnial sin with any Russian's I've ever met through my work. They may not be pedophiles themselves, but if pimping an eight year old makes them a thousand dollars an hour they have no reservations. Of course the three I know are not "Theive's in Law". Why is their no mention of the Ex-Military "Bitch" faction? -- Lich —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.54.164.212 (talk) 04:41, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Danzig Baldaev (who was a prison guard for 50 years, having been brought up in a Soviet orphanage after his anthropologist father was sent to the GuLAG) gave an explanation to the effect that 'prisoners in eastern camps are less tolerant of sexual offenders than those in western [i.e. western USSR]ones'; the point being that the western camps tended to contain the professional criminals, whilst the Siberian camps, like those in Kolyma, tended to have more political offenders (who were more likely to share society's norms regarding such matters).

Alix Lambert's book contains several interviews with vor v zakone bemoaning the fact that in the 'New Russia' there is a new breed of criminal, who don't respect the old codes; and that their tattoos are no longer accorded 'proper respect'.

From her interviews, it seems the tattoos are in a state of flux; some interviewees felt tattoos no longer had specific meaning, others felt that there would be a resurgence, as hierarchies sorted themselves. Baldaev lists tattoos collected over his entire career; so some of the things on the list may be obsolete.

As for the Bitches - they were a faction of the vor v zakone who collaborated with the authorities; so initially, and amongst themselves, they would have the same tattoos. A "Bitch" who found himself in a camp dominated by traditionalist vori might soon find himself with a forehead tattoo indentifying him as suki (Bitch), though! Velada (talk) 19:25, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

the yakuza
There is nothing included in the page about the Yakuza and their tradition of tattooing members. A section on the Yakuza is most definitely needed. -sohoisdead 20.3.07

What references?
Why is the Russian section in particular tagged as needing references, when in fact it is the only subsection to give explicit references? (Although I assume the weblinks may supply references for other sections.)

Velada (talk) 01:42, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

re: recent deletion of entire unsourced sections
I wonder if any attempt was made to actually help out and FIND a source for all that material instead of just outright deleting it. Was it really likely to be challenged? Was the refimprove tag not enough? Did you forget that our goal is building an encyclopedia not tearing it down? . -- OlEnglish (Talk) 21:30, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Have to agree, i came looking for the meaning of the clock without hands prison tatoo, and i had to look in the history section to find that.77.213.191.134 (talk) 15:28, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Because of here mentioned rigorous deletion the redirect from ACAB to Criminal tattoo doesn't make sense anymore. Nlwiki (talk) 12:28, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Here's a link to how the article looked just before it was gutted. -- œ ™ 19:49, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * You say "gutted" I say "brought into closer compliance to our policies of verification and no original research."-- The Red Pen of Doom  21:59, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

 * And now out of spite you delete the entire Russian section to prove your point? It seems you've forgotten to also delete the list of references. You don't have to take it out on the article just because you're sore that other editors here disagree with your judgment in editing. I won't revert because I'm just not that willing to fight for this article, but my assessment of the situation stands. -- œ ™ 00:18, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

ACAB
The ACAB page redirects to here but all the material relating to the meaning of ACAB was deleted in 2009 by a blocked user. The Red Pen of Doom Yet it was never reinstated.

Europe== Britain and Ireland== A.C.A.B. is an acronym often integrated into prison tattoos in the United Kingdom. It is most commonly rendered with one letter between the knuckle and first joint of each finger, sometimes as symbolic small dots with or without the accompanying letters. A.C.A.B. can stand for All Coppers Are Bastards, or Always Carry A Bible, depending on who is asking and whether the bearer is trying to make a good impression. The British Oi! Punk band, the 4-Skins popularized the acronym A.C.A.B. in their 1970's song of the same name. It is currently in common usage as a phrase and tattoo amongst the radical European football fans known as Ultras. Bohemians Firm the BSC support tattoos of the slogan. A similar tattoo consists of the letters A.P.A.B. (All Pigs Are Bastards, "pig" in this context being derogatory slang term for police officer).

The Borstal mark (or "Borstal spot") is an Indian ink dot, usually located between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. Borstals were UK youth detention centers, and the mark was traditionally obtained during an offender's first period of imprisonment. The borstal mark has been considered a status symbol among some criminals. The "Borstal Glove" consists of a tattooed outline of the back of the hand. A dot on the cheek bone is a diluted version of the borstal 'tear', a sign of completing a sentence at Borstal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.130.57.68 (talk) 23:00, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

I was going to say what the above said, I think acab needs it's own page94.168.210.123 (talk) 22:05, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup of claims without sources or with improper sources
Article has been tagged for cleanup for two years, I'm sure some of the claims have been without sources for much longer. Giving editors who watch this article a quick heads-up before I start gutting the article of claims without sources, per WP:UNSOURCED. Furry-friend (talk) 16:53, 3 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Collecting and sorting sources:

 * Seems like there's a bundle of good sources to build an article from (and a few bad ones that can easily be removed without affecting verifiability). Furry-friend (talk) 17:44, 3 July 2016 (UTC)

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Tattoos and criminality claim and source
Regarding this revert, what do you mean "non-notable sourcing"? Sources don't have to be notable. The claim is made by a peer-reviewed study, published by the journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. The study is widely-cited, over 366 times according to Google Scholar. I don't understand your objection to this source. Furry-friend (talk) 13:22, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * The main issue with that source is listed in Limitations: "This was a self-reported data set with a 33% response rate." Any study that relies on self-reported data is not a particularly strong source and may be an outlier. --Neil N  talk to me 14:16, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * How about the statement itself?! Do you two realize how many sources it would take to justify including such a thing? Not just one! And if only one study found such data it's not notable enough to be included here. This is astonishing to me. Doc   talk  14:21, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * The statement was qualified with "a study". And thank you for bringing up these points here. --Neil N  talk to me 14:24, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

Here are further sources: "the prevalenceof tattoos is much higher among those in mental health institutions (Newman, 1982), the military (Armstrong,Pace-Murphy,Sallee,&Watson,2000), and most notably, the prison population (DiFrancesco,1990;Manuel&Retzlaff,2002). Indeed,individuals with tattoos are more likely to have a criminal history than those without tattoos (Buhrich & Morris, 1982; Gittleson & Wallen, 1973), and studies have shown a positive relationship between tattooing and violence (Britt,Panepento, & Wilson,1968;Butler & Trice 1968; Newman, 1982), deviant behavior (Braithwaite, Stephens, Bowman, Milton, & Braithwaite, 1998; Buhrich, 1983; Ceniceros, 1998; Drews, Allison, & Probst, 2000; Raspa & Cusack, 1990; Roe, Howell, & Payne, 1974), and crime in general (Fox, 1976; Mallon & Russell, 1999; Taylor, 1968, 1970; West & Farrington, 1977; Yamamoto, Seeman, & Boyd, 1963). However, additional research has also pointed toward the exact opposite conclusions for the relationship between tattooing and deviance (Harry, 1987; Howell, Payne, & Roe, 1971; Rozycki Lozano, Morgan, Murray, & Varghese, 2011)."

- Wesley G. Jennings, Bryanna Hahn Fox, David P. Farrington, "Inked into Crime? An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Tattoos and Life-Course Offending among Males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development", doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.12.006

That's 5 studies that find a relationship between tattoos and criminality, plus the quoted study that does find a strong correlation, although not causation, which was never claimed in the article. I believe these sources are strong enough to make the claim of a correlation between tattoos and criminality. This is most definitely not a fringe theory. Furry-friend (talk) 14:42, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, but "additional research has also pointed toward the exact opposite conclusions for the relationship between tattooing and deviance". So even more studies may be needed... Doc   talk  14:45, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Deviance, not criminality. Regardless more studies are always needed... that doesn't mean that the source is unreliable or that it's a fringe theory. These six sources definitely justify the claim that:
 * Several studies have found a strong relationship between tattoos and criminality.$[ref]$
 * Reference:
 * Unless you have any valid contentions of this source I see no issue with adding this claim, as it is well-verified by multiple studies over a long period of time and not contentious. Furry-friend (talk) 14:56, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * See WP:SCHOLARSHIP. Doc   talk  15:01, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * As noted, this is not an isolated study. Nothing about WP:SCHOLARSHIP prevents the use of this source. I would also add that these studies are cited in secondary sources. Furry-friend (talk) 15:02, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Gee, you learn quick. You tried to use an isolated study for what I reverted, I believe? I'm done talking to you. Doc   talk  15:07, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * As noted above it is not an isolated study, it was cited in a secondary source, a sociology textbook (and at least 365 other sources). You removed two references, one directly to the study and another to the secondary source which cites it. These additional five studies are well-cited too. I don't know how I offended you, I provided you with several sources to a claim that seems to me to be well-established and verifiable, with sources that meet WP:SCHOLARSHIP and of course WP:V. I take it you won't object to the claim I provided above (not the one you reverted, the one with the six new sources). Furry-friend (talk) 15:14, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I strongly suggest reading that study to see how non-isolated, non-fringe, mainstream, well-researched this claim is. Furry-friend (talk) 15:54, 6 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Additional sources below, as I don't think it's a fringe theory either.-- Isaidnoway (talk)  21:29, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Psychiatry, Psychology and Law - An association between criminality and having tattoos was noted more than 100 years earlier by the Italian physician and criminologist, Cesare Lombroso.
 * Psychology and Psychiatry Journal - Findings indicate that while tattooing has developed a broad demographic appeal, there remain some strong associations with deviance, particularly criminality"
 * College Student Journal - ''Tattoos have been empirically associated with several deviant behaviors... and criminality (Fox, 1976; Mallon & Russell, 1999; Post, 1968; Taylor, 1970; Yakamoto et al, 1963). Research on tattoos has documented a strong relationship between people with tattoos and antisocial personalities...or actual criminal conduct (Fox, 1976; Measey, 1972; Roc, Howell, & Payne, 1974; Taylor, 1968; Taylor, 1970).
 * The Social Science Journal - Recently, Koch, Roberts, Armstrong, and Owen (2010) noted that only individuals with four or more tattoos – as compared to those with none, one, or two/three – were substantively and statistically more likely to engage in heavy drinking, use illegal drugs, have multiple sex partners, or report a significant arrest history.
 * Riverfront Times - ""They are ten times more likely to have an arrest history..."
 * Time - There is a strong association in Japan between tattoos and criminality
 * Psychology Today - blog post by Theodore Dalrymple - The association in our societies between crime and tattoos has been long recognised.
 * And now we're getting somewhere. Lots of sources here. Come up with something NPOV using these sources. Doc   talk  05:24, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Most of these sources are the same ones I gave before (Fox, Mallon & Russel, Post, Taylor)... I actually gave better sources than Isaidnoway—no offense, I only mean that peer-reviewed papers and university textbooks are better sources than newspaper articles—but you dismissed mine and accepted his, even though over half of them are the same sources. Furry-friend (talk) 09:33, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I am absolutely not going to go into how to add reliably sourced content with you. You can't see the forest for the trees. What does, for instance, the Time source listed above have to do with the claim from your one study that I removed? I am just not even going to start explaining the differences. The WP:BURDEN is on you. Doc   talk  09:42, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Nothing. The Time source is a bad source. It makes an assertion and doesn't back it up in any way. The study and textbook I cited have both their own data and relied on data from well-cited respected studies. There is no reason to prefer the Times source, which in total—"The unwritten ban on tattooed people bathing in onsen comes from a strong association in Japan between body art and criminality"—amounts to hearsay, while the studies and textbook actually have data and analysis, and are widely cited in the academic literature. Preferring the Time source over them is preferring hearsay over data, analysis, reproducibility, and wide acceptance. Furry-friend (talk) 09:49, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't think you understand the difference between writing a sentence that can be attributed to multiple sources vs. parroting the results of a source and then claiming that the source itself is used elsewhere. I'm just not interested in explaining it because I truly don't think you're going to get it. Doc   talk  09:55, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * There is no policy against citing a study's results... as is very clearly shown from this discussion, the results of the study are not WP:FRINGE, and the fact that the study is widely-cited and its results are in accordance to the results of other studies, means that it is not an isolated study. Is your objection about the quality of the source or about citing the exact numbers from the source? I'm sorry but your motivation for this revert are still not clear. NeilN objected to the citation because the study's sample was self-selecting; that's an incredibly valid objection and I accepted it. Your objections... are not clear. At any rate the revert has been accepted and the study is no longer being cited in this article. Furry-friend (talk) 10:04, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Ok, this is the absolute last thing I'm going to say here. I have a far greater grasp of policy than you do. I am not responsible for your interpretation of policy. Every edit you make here is potentially subject to reversion for an endless variety of reasons. I wish you the best of luck in your future endeavors. Doc   talk  10:11, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * You still haven't said why you removed a claim that was cited to a non-fringe, non-isolated study. NeilN explained his reasoning in a single post! Your reasons remain unclear. First you said "if only one study found such data it's not notable enough to be included here", then I demonstrated that it's not one study, so you said it's an isolated study per WP:SCHOLARSHIP. I explained that it's not isolated (its results are consistent with well-accepted studies; it is cited in secondary sources; it has received many scholarly citations; it was published in a respected journal; and so on) and you said you're "done talking". So your objections remain unclear. Furry-friend (talk) 10:22, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * The study conducted in 2004 among 500 adults between ages 18 and 50 that found an explicit link between tattooing and criminality is one study. Establishing "an explicit link between tattooing and criminality" is going to require a lot more than the results of one study, no matter how many times it is cited! More studies/references! That 72 percent of respondents with face, neck, hands, or fingers tattoos have spent more than three days in jail, compared to 6 percent of the non-tattooed population is absolutely not notable without other studies to back those very specific statistics up! Other studies, I'm sure, found very different numbers. Doc   talk  10:32, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Did you read the references? The study cites many of the same sources you now accept ("now we're getting somewhere. Lots of sources here") and the textbook cites them too. It's not one study. It's one reference (two actually), but that reference cites several studies, which we now know (thanks to this discussion) provide "one of the strongest empirical associations seen in [social science] literature to date" (Jennings). Thank you for clarifying your objection. Furry-friend (talk) 10:36, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Additionally there is no policy against citing specific numbers from studies; it was never claimed these were absolute numbers, only that one study found them. NeilN raised an objection to the methodology of the study and I accepted. Furry-friend (talk) 10:43, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Sadly, there are administrators whom I question that can't even describe their often baffling misinterpretation of policy. You seem to being listening, or at least going through the motions of pretending to listen. I like your Moxie, kid! And now, alas, I must bid you adieu for now. Good luck! Doc   talk  10:45, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't see how misinterpretation of policy applies here. WP:FRINGE and WP:SCHOLARSHIP were explored and the study was found not to fail any of their criteria. WP:BURDEN was raised but doesn't apply at all, even less in light of the study's wide acceptance. This shows there was no issue with interpretation of policy. The source complies with it in letter and spirit. In the end (actually in the beginning) NeilN pointed out the source has less-then-stellar methodology (but not dubious; it's still widely accepted, not isolated, and not fringe), so I agreed with removing it, but not for the reasons you provided. Eventually it became clear that you overlooked that the study cites some of the very sources that were later brought to light and accepted by you. Furry-friend (talk) 11:23, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Criminal tattoo


text:
S Group

The S Group (S-ryhmä, S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki. Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in the markets for groceries, consumer durables, service station, hotel and restaurant services. It is engaged in close competition with Kesko, with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in.

The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia. The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania, but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from the Russian market in 2022.

The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti.

Ownership
A client can invest a small sum on the local co-operative and become a client-owner. (The exact sum is decided by the local co-operative board and varies significantly depending on local conditions.) A client-owner gets a membership card, S-Etukortti, which functions as a debit or credit card and gives access to special client-owner bargains. For the sums spent in S Group stores, Bonus is paid back to the client into the account at S-Bank. The Bonus percentage varies from 1% to 5% depending on the sum spent. S-Bank pays an interest that is competitive with interests paid by general banks into savings accounts. S-Etukortti is not a regular "loyalty card" as it represents actual monetary investment and the return is formally profit, not discount.

Corporate
In 2012, 35 Members of Parliament were representatives in the S Group or Tradeka (Siwa) corporate governance.

Local co-operatives
The S Group consists of 19 regional co-operative enterprises and 7 local co-operative enterprises. In total, these had 2.4 million individual members in 2018, a number that has grown from 1.2 million in 2003. In 2018, 329 million euros of Bonus was paid.

Supermarkets
The S Group operates five distinct chains of supermarkets:
 * Sale – a chain of small grocery stores, mainly located in the countryside, small towns and suburbs with an emphasis on service rather than selection. Sale stores often only provide everyday groceries. There are about 240 Sale stores in Finland.
 * Alepa – this is the equivalent for Sale in the Greater Helsinki region – there are about 110 Alepa stores in Helsinki and the neighbouring cities.
 * S-market – larger supermarkets with a better selection of goods for sale, and often providing additional services. This is the largest of the S Group's supermarket chains, with nearly 400 stores around Finland. According to HOK-Elanto cooperative, Klaukkala would get another S-market in addition to the existing one, but it will become the largest S-market to match its size and product range with Prisma.
 * Prisma – a hypermarket chain with about 90 stores around Finland, Estonia, and Russia in major cities. Formerly, the chain also operated in Latvia and Lithuania.
 * Food Market Herkku - premier food market operating in the Finnish metropolitan area (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa), Oulu, Tampere and Turku.

The largest sales revenues are from S-market's (49%) and from Prisma's 39%.

The S Group's supermarkets retail the general private brands Rainbow and Kotimaista for products made in Finland, and the no-frills X-tra range in partnership with Coop Trading — a Nordic purchasing organisation for co-operatives. Non-food products are marketed under the House name.

The S Group has grown significantly in Finland in recent years, growing both organically and by acquisition.

Modernist architecture
SOK has a key position in the history of Finnish architecture due to its policy in the late 1920s and 1930s of designing cutting-edge Modernist architecture, epitomized by a Functionalist aesthetic of white buildings. The style is called osuuskauppafunkis (Co-operative Store Functionalism) in Finland. The key architect designing for SOK in the initial years was Erkki Huttunen (1901–1956), who designed various types of buildings for the company: from grain silos and mills to local village shops. Among his best-known works for SOK are the Toppila mill (1929, pictured right), the SOK Offices and Warehouse (1937-38) in Oulu, the SOK Offices and Warehouse (1931) in Rauma, and the Aitta Cooperative Shop (1933) in Sauvo. Today, many of these buildings are protected by law.

Other fields
The S Group also operates the Sokos chain of department stores, ABC service stations, the hotel chain Sokos Hotels, several brands of restaurants such as Rosso, Sevilla and Amarillo, the Agrimarket chain, which sells agricultural and DIY supplies, and a number of car dealerships for Peugeot.

S-Bank
The S Group operates Finland's first so-called supermarket bank, the S-Bank (S-Pankki Oy).

title: S Group


text:
Claremont Landscape Garden

Claremont Landscape Garden, just outside Esher, Surrey, England, is one of the earliest surviving gardens of its kind of landscape design, the English Landscape Garden — still featuring its original 18th-century layout. The garden is Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

History
Originally created for Claremont House, it represents the work of some of the best known landscape gardeners, such as Charles Bridgeman, Capability Brown, William Kent and Sir John Vanbrugh.

Work on the gardens began around 1715 and by 1727 they were described as "the noblest of any in Europe". Within the grounds, overlooking the lake, is an unusual-turfed amphitheatre, which used to form the centrepiece of an annual event called the Claremont Fête champêtre. Hundreds of visitors descended on Claremont, most in costume (each year has a different theme) to enjoy four days of music, theatre and fireworks.

Stewardship
Also within the grounds is the Belvedere Tower, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh for the Duke of Newcastle. The tower is unusual in that what appear to be windows, are actually bricks painted black and white. It is now owned by Claremont Fan Court School, which is situated alongside the gardens.

In 1949 the landscape garden was donated to the National Trust for stewardship and protection. Initially it was managed by Esher Urban District Council, who could do little more than basic maintenance and grass-cutting. In 1974, the National Trust took back control of the site and a pioneering restoration programme was launched in 1975 following a significant donation by the Slater Foundation.

Transport
The entrance to the garden is directly off the A307, Portsmouth Road. Buses from Kingston on Thames, Esher and Guildford stop nearby. The road originally ran closer to the lake but Robert Clive had it moved further north to its present alignment in 1771.

title: Claremont Landscape Garden


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Naoki Urasawa

Naoki Urasawa (浦沢 直樹) is a Japanese manga artist and musician. He has been drawing manga since he was four years old, and for most of his professional career has created two series simultaneously. The stories to many of these were co-written in collaboration with his former editor, Takashi Nagasaki. Urasawa has been called one of the artists that changed the history of manga and has won numerous awards, including the Shogakukan Manga Award three times, the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize twice, and the Kodansha Manga Award once. South Korean filmmaker Bong Joon-ho called him "the greatest storyteller of our time", while Dominican-American writer Junot Díaz proclaimed Urasawa to be a national treasure in Japan. By December 2021, his various works had over 140 million copies in circulation worldwide, making him one of the best-selling authors of all time.

Urasawa's first major work was illustrating the action series Pineapple Army (1985–1988), which was written by Kazuya Kudo. The first serial that he wrote and illustrated himself, and his first major success, was the sports manga Yawara! (1986–1993). He then illustrated the adventure series Master Keaton (1988–1994), which was written by Hokusei Katsushika and Nagasaki, and created the sports manga Happy! (1993–1999). The thriller Monster (1994–2001) was his first to receive international acclaim and success, which continued with the science fiction mystery 20th Century Boys (1999–2006). Following the acclaimed Pluto (2003–2009), which is a re-imagining of Astro Boy by Osamu Tezuka, one of Urasawa's biggest influences, he and Nagasaki created the mystery series Billy Bat (2008–2016). After two short series, a sequel to Master Keaton with Nagasaki and Mujirushi: The Sign of Dreams, Urasawa began his currently ongoing Asadora! in 2018.

Early life
Urasawa cited Osamu Tezuka as one of his heroes, being particularly fond of his manga Phoenix. "The Greatest Robot on Earth" and "The Artificial Sun" arcs of Tezuka's Astro Boy were his first experiences with manga at four or five years old. Around that same age is when he started to draw manga, and at eight he created his first complete story. Even at a young age, Urasawa saw the gulf between his work and that of a "real manga artist." He said that he could also identify manga that was "commercialized" and made just for the money, something he did not want to do. Thus he never thought of becoming a professional manga artist, and graduated from Meisei University with a degree in economics.

Debut and success: 1982–2009
When Urasawa visited Shogakukan to apply for a business job, he decided to bring some manga he had drawn out of curiosity. An editor from Weekly Shōnen Sunday did not give him the time of day, but the head editor of Big Comic Original happened to walk by and felt the work was better suited for Big Comic Spirits, and took Urasawa to their editorial department. He ended up submitting manga for their 1982 New Manga Artist Award, which his unpublished work "Return" won. It was only then that he thought about becoming a professional manga artist. It was a year after winning the award that Urasawa met Takashi Nagasaki, who would become his longtime editor and collaborator.

After working as an assistant, Urasawa made his professional debut in 1983 with "Beta!", which was published in a special issue of Golgo 13. He then created the short serialized work Dancing Policeman the following year. Urasawa began his first major serialized work, Pineapple Army, in 1985 in the semimonthly Big Comic Original. He was the illustrator of the series, while Kazuya Kudo was its writer. It ended in 1988 and was collected into eight tankōbon volumes. While working on Pineapple Army, Urasawa began Yawara! in the weekly Big Comic Spirits in 1986 which he wrote and illustrated himself. It earned him the 1989 Shogakukan Manga Award in the General category. That same year it was adapted into a live-action film and an anime television series. It ended in 1993 and was collected into 29 volumes.

When Pineapple Army ended, Urasawa began Master Keaton for Big Comic Original in November 1988. He illustrated it, while Hokusei Katsushika wrote it. It ended in August 1994 and was collected into 18 volumes. An anime television adaptation began in 1998, before finishing as an original video animation in 2000. Likewise when Yawara! ended, Urasawa began another solo series in Big Comic Spirits. Happy! ran from 1993 until 1999 and was collected into 23 volumes. It was adapted into two live-action television films in 2006.

Following Master Keaton's end, Urasawa began Monster in Big Comic Original in December 1994. It earned him the 1999 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize, and his second Shogakukan Manga Award in the General category in 2001. It ended in December 2001, was collected into 18 volumes, and adapted into an anime television series in 2004. Junot Díaz, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner, praised Monster and proclaimed "Urasawa is a national treasure in Japan." With Happy!'s ending, Urasawa began 20th Century Boys in Big Comic Spirits in 1999. It earned him the 2001 Kodansha Manga Award in the General category, and his third Shogakukan Manga Award in the General category in 2002. It ended in 2006 and was collected into 22 volumes. The story briefly continued as 21st Century Boys in 2007, which was collected into two volumes. 20th Century Boys was adapted into three live-action films, which were released in 2008 and 2009.

While working on 20th Century Boys, Urasawa began adapting "The Greatest Robot on Earth" story arc of Osamu Tezuka's Astro Boy into the series Pluto. It was serialized in Big Comic Original from September 9, 2003, to April 5, 2009, and collected into 8 volumes. It earned him his second Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize. In 2008, Urasawa began working for Kodansha, serializing Billy Bat in Morning. It ran from October 16, 2008, to August 18, 2016, and was collected into 20 volumes. Also in 2008, Urasawa and Nagasaki took guest teaching posts at Nagoya Zokei University, where they taught "Modern Expression Course: Manga Classes" two to three times a year, although the class met every month. Initially planned for only five students, he agreed to expand it to fifteen in an effort to create more "real artists."

2010–2019
Oricon held a poll on the Mangaka that Changed the History of Manga in 2010, mangaka being the Japanese word for a manga artist, and Urasawa came in tenth. In 2011, Urasawa illustrated a picture book adaptation of Kosuke Hamada's story Red Oni Cries.

Urasawa began writing a sequel to Master Keaton in 2012 titled Master Keaton Remaster. When asked why he went back to a series after so many years, Urasawa stated it was because with the original series he had a hard time making the story he wanted due to contractual obligation, and because people affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami said they had enjoyed the series, so he wanted to do something for them. Beginning in the March 2012 issue of Big Comic Original it finished in 2014 and was collected into a single volume. As a guest at the 2012 Japan Expo in France, Urasawa talked about how he entered the manga industry, gave a live drawing demonstration, and performed two songs as a musician, and joined rock band Hemenway on stage the following day.

Between 2013 and 2014, Urasawa contributed to the essay series "The Old Guys" that was published in Shueisha's Jump X magazine. His contributions and those of the other 32 writers who participated were collected into a July 2015 volume of the same name. In August 2013, Urasawa created his first "monster manga" titled "Kaiju Kingdom", a 41-page one-shot published in Big Comic. Urasawa is the host of the NHK Educational TV documentary series Urasawa Naoki no Manben, which focuses on a different manga artist each episode and explores their individual styles. He coined the word "manben" from his childhood; his parents and grandparents used to tell him, "Don't draw manga all day! You need to benkyō (study), too!". It began as a one-off special in November 2014, a first season was launched in September 2015, a second in March 2016, a third in September 2016, and a fourth in March 2017. After three years, the show returned in October 2020 with Neo added to the end of its title. The show won the December 2015 Planning Award as part of Quick Japan's annual TV of the Year awards, decided by broadcast writers. The June 9, 2021, episode on Yoshikazu Yasuhiko won the Grand Prize in the entertainment category at the 2022 Japan Media Arts Festival. Beginning in July 2015, Urasawa started contributing to the "Musica Nostra" column series that was published in Shueisha's Grand Jump magazine.

An art exhibition of Urasawa's work was on display in Tokyo from January 16 to March 31, 2016, before moving to Osaka from November 26 to January 25, 2017. It included illustrations, manga manuscripts, story notes, and childhood manga. Urasawa contributed a short, full color, left-to-right manga titled "Tanshin Funin/Solo Mission" to the February 2016 French comics anthology The Tipping Point to commemorate publisher Humanoids' 40th anniversary. Re-titled Turning Point, the anthology was published in Japan in September 2017. He created a short three-page manga about 1960s British rock band the Beatles time-traveling to 2016. Released in June 2016 on the website of Tokyo radio station InterFM897, it coincides with the TV program KKBOX Here comes The Beatles and celebrates the 50th anniversary of the band's visit to Japan.

On April 9, 2017, Urasawa began co-hosting a radio program with actor and comedian Junji Takada. Junji and Naoki airs Sundays at 5pm on Nippon Cultural Broadcasting and features both men talking about their lives, professions, and favorite hobbies. That year Urasawa also began the limited series Mujirushi: The Sign of Dreams in a collaboration with France's Louvre Museum. It began in Big Comic Original in October 2017 and ended on February 20, 2018.

In January 2018, Urasawa attended the 45th Angoulême International Comics Festival in France, where he received the Fauve Special Award and the Fauve Polar SNCF Special Award for mystery. The festival also held an art exhibit of his work, before it moved to Paris from February 13 to March 31. Urasawa was the subject of the June 23 Wowow Prime TV program Nonfiction W Urasawa Naoki ~Tensai Mangaka no Owaranai Tabi~, which followed him around Europe, including to the 2018 Angoulême International Comics Festival and meeting Klaus Voormann in Germany. Urasawa began Asadora! in Big Comic Spirits on October 6, 2018. South Korean film director Bong Joon-ho called Urasawa "the greatest storyteller of our time" and likened the experience of reading Asadora! to that of being able to go back and read 20th Century Boys for the first time again. The November 2018 issue of Monthly Big Comic Spirits, released on September 27, was given the special title "Urasawa Jack". It included Urasawa's one-shot "It's a Beautiful Day", which adapted a story told to him by musician Kenji Endo, an interview between him and Shigeru Izumiya, and a calendar featuring illustrations of "beautiful women" by the artist. On December 27, Urasawa co-hosted a special radio program about Osamu Tezuka alongside Chiaki Kuriyama for Nippon Cultural Broadcasting.

In 2019, he designed the official posters of the 2019 Osaka Women's Marathon and a classic car charity event organized by Toshiaki Karasawa for reconstruction after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. On January 23, 2019, Japan House Los Angeles presented the first North American exhibit of Urasawa's work, titled "This is MANGA – the Art of NAOKI URASAWA". The exhibit ran until March 28, 2019, and featured more than 400 original drawings and storyboards. Urasawa participated in an artist discussion and book signing on opening day. The exhibit moved to Japan House London from June 5 to July 28, also attended by the artist. Urasawa was a 2019 nominee for entry into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame.

2020–present
In 2020, Urasawa drew advertisements for the Samsonite Red luggage brand, and was chosen to create one of the official posters for the 2020 Summer Olympics. For the second year in a row, he drew the poster for the Osaka Women's Marathon. In June, Urasawa created the cover portrait for Universal Japan's 250th anniversary release of music by Ludwig van Beethoven. He also appears in July 2020's ZK/Zunō Keisatsu 50 Mirai e no Kodō, a documentary film about the rock band Zunō Keisatsu. Urasawa directed and illustrated the music video, and illustrated the cover art, for Kazuyoshi Saito's March 2021 digital single "Boy". In November 2021, Urasawa's first one-shot for Shueisha, "Dr. Toguro Dokuro no Saigo", was published in Grand Jump to celebrate the magazine's 10th anniversary. By December 2021, his various works had over 140 million copies in circulation worldwide. He had an acting role in the December 2022 film The Flower in the Sky, portraying poet Haruo Satō.

Style
Fusanosuke Natsume said that prior to entering university, Urasawa's style showed influence from Shinji Nagashima and Osamu Tezuka's 1970s work, but went on to claim that in 1979 it became aligned with that of Katsuhiro Otomo. When talking in 1997 about the future of manga, Urasawa opined that "Tezuka created the form that exists today, then caricatures appeared next, and comics changed again when Katsuhiro Otomo came on the scene. I don't think there's any room left for further changes." He has also expressed admiration for French bande dessinée artist Moebius and American novelist Stephen King. Although Urasawa's works like Yawara! had light entertainment with cute young girls, Natsume says Urasawa developed his own personal style with Monster, which he described as realistic, or directorially based, with cinematic panel layouts similar to Otomo and gekiga artists. Natsume also noted that many of his characters resemble famous movie stars. Urasawa himself described his approach to manga as similar to storyboarding a movie, and acknowledged his work as adult-oriented, stating that even as a child he never liked manga aimed at children. However, he noted that he and Otomo both prefer to have their work called manga and not gekiga.

When asked where he gets ideas from, Urasawa said "I have been illustrating all my life. Inspiration is everywhere, when I get in the bath, when I get out. It's whether you are perceiving these ideas and whether you are able to catch them." He also said that he does not worry about what the readers want, and simply draws stories that he finds interesting. The artist said that while manga is often looked at as simple, he makes sure to use subtleties to show dramatic expressions and convey emotion, claiming "You won't find two expressions that are the same" in his work.

On his storytelling process, Urasawa states, "When I start a new project, I start with the larger arc of the story. I visualize a movie trailer for that story, and after I compose this movie trailer in my mind, there comes a point where I'm so excited about it that I have to write the story. And then I imagine, 'Where do I start to begin to tell this narrative?' and that's usually the first chapter." He does not plan the story out in advance, claiming that it tells him where it wants to go, and that if the story does not keep surprising even him, then he can not continue making it.

He also does not determine the page or panel layouts in advance. Having drawn manga for over five decades, he just follows his instincts, explaining "When I start to structure a story narratively, the question of tempo — developing a character moment-to-moment and then jumping to a two-page spread — how do you determine where that happens? It's like breathing to me — I know when it feels right."

For most of his career, Urasawa has written two different series simultaneously. With one of them being a weekly serialization and the other having a semimonthly schedule, Urasawa had six deadlines a month and said the only time off he had was when sleeping or eating. Urasawa frequently collaborates with manga editor and author Takashi Nagasaki, to the point where Nagasaki has been called his "producer." The two met when Nagasaki was made Urasawa's editor upon his debut. Although the two continue to collaborate even after Nagasaki became freelance, they rarely socialize outside of work. Urasawa said that following the anime adaptation of Yawara!, he has requested that he be able to check the scripts for any adaptation of his works. Until 2018's ongoing Asadora!, none of Urasawa's manga had ever been legally available in digital formats. The author stated that he prefers physical books. However, his earlier works began receiving digital releases in 2022, limited to Japan.

Music
Urasawa is also a musician. He stated "A lot of artists really struggled to decide whether to become manga artists or rock musicians, so the two are intertwined, they're synonymous!" Urasawa started playing guitar in junior high school inspired by folk rock singer-songwriters Takuro Yoshida and Bob Dylan.

Urasawa wrote and performed the song "Bob Lennon (Kenji no Uta)" (Bob Lennon (ケンヂの歌)), which was released on a CD included in the 2002 first pressing of volume 11 of 20th Century Boys. He released the limited single "Tsuki ga Tottemo..." (月がとっても…) on June 4, 2008, and his debut album Hanseiki no Otoko (半世紀の男) on November 29, 2008. Both were produced by Koji Wakui, while the album features Hiroyuki Namba and other musicians. A single featuring a remix of T. Rex's "20th Century Boy" and Urasawa's "Bob Lennon (Kenji no Uta)" was released on August 19, 2009. Urasawa and Mitsuru Kuramoto wrote and performed "Nigero" (逃げろ) under the name Urasawa ni Mitsuru (浦沢に美津留) to be the theme of the 2011 NTT Docomo TV show Tsubuyaki Sanshirō ~Ippon Nau!~. In 2012 he performed a Japanese cover of Bob Dylan's "Girl from the North Country" and "Guta lala suda lala" from his series 20th Century Boys at the Japan Expo, and the following day he joined rock band Hemenway on stage.

Urasawa's second album, Mannon (漫音) which he wrote and produced himself, was released in 2016. Urasawa wrote a demo for a song titled "Kanashiki LA Tengoku" (悲しきLA天国) and sent it to musician Mike Viola, who finished the track and invited Urasawa to Los Angeles to play on it. The people playing on the song are Urasawa, Viola, drummer Jim Keltner, and Mitsuru Kuramoto. It is included on the album The Best of Mike Viola which was released on January 22, 2020, with the performance credited to Monaka. In 2020, Urasawa was one of many people who submitted lyrics that were adopted by Sunplaza Nakano-kun into a new version of Bakufu Slump's 1984 song "Murida! Ketteihan" (無理だ！決定盤).

Serials

 * Pineapple Army (パイナップルARMY) - written by Kazuya Kudo
 * Yawara! (ヤワラ)
 * Master Keaton (MASTERキートン) - written with Hokusei Katsushika and Takashi Nagasaki
 * Happy!
 * Monster (モンスター)
 * 20th Century Boys (20世紀少年) / 21st Century Boys (21世紀少年) (1999–2006, 2007)
 * Pluto (プルートウ) - written with Takashi Nagasaki, based on a work by Osamu Tezuka
 * Billy Bat (ビリーバット) - written with Takashi Nagasaki
 * Master Keaton Remaster (MASTERキートン Reマスター) - written with Takashi Nagasaki
 * Mujirushi: The Sign of Dreams (夢印-MUJIRUSHI-)
 * Asadora! (連続漫画小説 あさドラ!)

Other manga

 * "Swimmers" (1979) - Unpublished until the May 13, 2003, issue of Evening.
 * "Return" (1981)
 * "Beta!!" (1983) - published in a special issue of Golgo 13
 * Dancing Policeman (踊る警官)
 * N・A・S・A (1988)
 * Jigoro! (1994) - includes the titular series, "Genroku Yarō" (元禄野郎) and "A Bat & 2 Balls"
 * Early Urasawa (初期のURASAWA)
 * "Throw Toward the Moon!" (月に向かって投げろ!) - written with Takashi Nagasaki
 * "Kaiju Kingdom" (怪獣王国)
 * "Damiyan!" (ダミヤン)
 * "It's a Beautiful Day" (いっつあびゅうてぃふるでい) - original draft by musician Kenji Endo
 * Sneeze: Naoki Urasawa Story Collection (くしゃみ 浦沢直樹短編集)
 * "Dr. Toguro Dokuro no Saigo" (Dr.トグロドクロの最期)

Television, film, and radio

 * 20th Century Boys: Beginning of the End (2008) - co-writer of the film's screenplay
 * 20th Century Boys 2: The Last Hope (2009) - supervisor of the film's screenplay
 * 20th Century Boys 3: Redemption (2009) - co-writer of the film's screenplay
 * The Tibetan Dog (2011) - initial character designs
 * Urasawa Naoki no Manben (浦沢直樹の漫勉) - host of the TV show
 * Junji and Naoki (純次と直樹) - co-host of the radio show
 * Nonfiction W Urasawa Naoki ~Tensai Mangaka no Owaranai Tabi~ (ノンフィクションＷ 浦沢直樹 ～天才漫画家の終わらない旅～) - as himself
 * Seitan 90 Shūnen Kinen Tokuban ~Tezuka Osamu no Dengon~ (生誕90周年記念特番 ～手塚治虫の伝言～) - co-host of the radio special
 * ZK/Zunō Keisatsu 50 Mirai e no Kodō (zk / 頭脳警察50 未来への鼓動) - as himself
 * Urasawa Naoki no Manben Neo (2020–present) - host of the TV show
 * "Boy" (2021) - directed and illustrated the Kazuyoshi Saito music video
 * The Flower in the Sky (天上の花) - as Haruo Satō
 * Mr. Moonlight ~1966 The Beatles Budōkan Kōen Min'na de Mita Yume~ (ミスタームーンライト～1966 ザ・ビートルズ武道館公演 みんなで見た夢～) - as himself, drew film poster

Other work

 * Another Monster (2002) - novel written with Takashi Nagasaki
 * Pleasure! (2003) - album cover for Domino88
 * Wakui Sings Dylan (ディランを唄う) - album cover for Koji Wakui
 * Talkin' About Bob Dylan (ディランを語ろう) - book written with Koji Wakui, includes the manga "Bob Dylan's Great Adventure" (ボブ・ディランの大冒険)
 * Manben (漫勉) - art book
 * Tensai ka Jinsai ka: Izumiya Shigeru All Time Best (天才か人災か ～泉谷しげるオールタイムベスト～) - album cover for Shigeru Izumiya
 * Gohan: Manzai Complete (『ご飯』～漫才コンプリート～) - DVD cover for Waraimeshi
 * Pan: Warai no Shin Kyōchi (『パン』～笑いの新境地～) - DVD cover for Waraimeshi
 * Red Oni Cries (泣いた赤鬼) - picture book of a Kosuke Hamada story, produced by Takashi Nagasaki
 * Kyon 30: Nantettatte 30 Nen! (Kyon30～なんてったって30年！～) - one of the song selectors for Kyoko Koizumi
 * Hinshi no Soroku Tonya (瀕死の双六問屋) - kanzenban edition book cover for Kiyoshiro Imawano
 * "Be Hero" (2014) - single cover for Fudanjuku
 * Urasawa Naoki Egaite Egaite Kaki Makuru (浦沢直樹 描いて描いて描きまくる) - guidebook
 * Yano Pia (やのぴあ) - book cover for Akiko Yano
 * "Boy" (2021) - single cover for Kazuyoshi Saito

title: Naoki Urasawa


text:
Milton, New Zealand

Milton, formerly known as Tokomairiro or Tokomairaro, is a town of over 2,000 people, located on State Highway 1, 50 kilometres to the south of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand. It lies on the floodplain of the Tokomairaro River (until 2016 called the Tokomairiro), one branch of which loops past the north and south ends of the town. This river gives its name to many local features, notably the town's only secondary school, Tokomairiro High School.

Founded as a milling town in the 1850s, there has long been dispute as to the naming of the settlement. The town's streets are named for prominent British poets, and it is possible that the town's original intended name of Milltown became shortened by association with the poet of the same name. It is equally possible, however, that the name Milton inspired the choice of poets' names for the streets.

History
Milton's early history was strongly affected by the discovery of gold by Gabriel Read at Gabriel's Gully close to the nearby township of Lawrence. As Milton stood close to one of the most easily accessible routes to the interior, it grew greatly during the goldrush years of the 1860s and was a major staging post for prospectors heading for the goldfields.

The town was originally established at Fairfax, a settlement nestling at the foot of the hills which lie to the southeast of the town. As communication with the goldfields in the interior became more important, and the desirability of the town becoming a staging post increased, it spread down onto the plains around the river. A Gothic church, Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, was built at this time by the architect R A Lawson. At the time of its construction, this church was the tallest building at such a southern latitude in the world. The church is still the town's most obvious landmark, and is visible across the Tokomairiro Plains from several kilometres away. It was located as a terminating vista at the end of the main road connecting Fairfax with the main route south from Dunedin to the goldfields, and as such is an imposing structure dominating this road. Milton was an important town in early Otago – much more so than it is today – mainly due to its location on the route to the goldfields, and also for the Bruce Woollen Mills, which were among the province's largest factories. Other prominent industries included the Kiwi Bacon Factory, which had a branch in Milton until the early 1980s. The town's importance in communication in the early years of New Zealand settlement is emphasised by it being one of the two centres first linked by long-distance telephony, with a pioneering line set up between Milton and Dunedin in February 1878. It was not until the early twentieth century that it was superseded in size by the now considerably larger local town of Balclutha. The town was also important in education in early Otago – the Tokomairiro School – now split into Tokoiti School (still on the site of the original school) and Tokomairiro High School – was founded in 1856, only eight years after the founding of the province itself, and was one of the province's leading schools for many years thereafter. Electric lighting was installed in 1919.

Railway
Milton was connected to the national railway network in the early 1870s when the Main South Line was built through the town and goods were first carried in October 1874. The official opening from Green Island to Balclutha was on 1 September 1875. Milton station was 3.13 km east of Clarksville, 5.87 km south of Milburn, 434.37 km from Christchurch and 35 mi from Dunedin.

In 1907, the town became a railway junction when an extension of the Roxburgh Branch was constructed alongside the Main South Line from its original junction at nearby Clarksville into Milton to facilitate better operations. In 1960, Milton lost this status when the extension was removed and the Roxburgh Branch's junction reverted to being in Clarksville. The Main South Line still runs through the town, though the station closed to passengers on 1 December 1970, when the South Island Limited was replaced by the Southerner, which didn't stop at Milton.

Milton had an engine shed for two engines, a 161 ft passenger platform (later extended to 485 ft), a 3rd class station, cart approach to the platform, 100 ft by 30 ft goods shed, loading bank, cattle yards, stationmaster's house, a refreshment room from 1895 to 1957 and a bookstall from 1897.

A 70 ft turntable was added in 1927. There were fires at the engine shed in 1938 and in 1959, when both A Class locomotives in the shed were undamaged. There was also a fire at the station in 1942 in a large shed in 1944.

The stockyards closed in 1971. In December 1988 there was still a station building, verandah, platforms and goods sheds, as can be seen in a 1986 aerial photo, but by 1995 they had gone.

Fortification and Waronui coal mines and railway line
Coal was dug in the lower Tokomairaro valley from 1855. A railway was considered as early as 1875. Mining near Fortification Hill started in 1882. Poor roads and difficult navigation of the river limited production. The Fortification Railway and Coal Company started building a railway in 1900 and opened it on 3 April 1901, but went into liquidation in 1903. In 1906 the Bruce Coal Company Ltd opened a new mine across the river, calling it Waronui. A temporary bridge was built over the river, until the railway was extended about 1/2 mi to the new mine when Glendining and Co took over in 1908. The line ran south west, crossing the Tokomairaro River a few times, from Milton, for about 6 mi to mines at Fortification and Waronui. The line was little used after two miners were killed in 1930 and it was sold for scrap in 1932.

Milton pottery
An early claim to fame for Milton was its pottery, often regarded as some of the country's finest. Clay is a plentiful natural resource in South Otago, and potteries were a major employer in the late 19th century throughout South Otago and Southland. Between 1873 and 1915 numerous pottery works operated from the Milton area, starting with William White's short-lived Tokomairiro Steam Pottery Works, reputedly the first industrial kilns in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Milton Pottery works was rescued in 1880 by former Mayor of Dunedin (1876) Charles Reeves. The industry reached its height in the 1880s, at which time five kilns were operating and over 40 staff were employed, producing building materials such as bricks and tiles, sanitary ceramics such as washbasins, and domestic and decorative dinner sets, vases, and jars.

The industry in Milton did not survive the loss of manpower during World War I, though pottery as an industry continued in South Otago at Benhar near Balclutha, which was a major producer of toilet bowls and other domestic ceramics until the 1990s.

Bruce Herald
The Bruce Herald was established by Joseph Mackay in 1864 and was one of the longest running country newspapers, closing on 7 October 1971. It was one of a chain, including the Mataura Ensign at Gore and Clutha Times at Balclutha. Other local papers were the Bruce Independent (1866–1867) and the Milton Mirror in 1905, but was taken over by the Herald after a fire at its office in 1910.

Demographics
Milton covers 4.16 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Milton had a population of 2,157 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 87 people (4.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 111 people (5.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 861 households, comprising 1,086 males and 1,068 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female. The median age was 42.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 429 people (19.9%) aged under 15 years, 333 (15.4%) aged 15 to 29, 945 (43.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 447 (20.7%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 87.8% European/Pākehā, 17.8% Māori, 1.7% Pasifika, 1.9% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 8.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.1% had no religion, 33.4% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.1% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 123 (7.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 591 (34.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 150 people (8.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 816 (47.2%) people were employed full-time, 252 (14.6%) were part-time, and 54 (3.1%) were unemployed.

Modern Milton
Today, Milton is, after Balclutha, the second largest town in South Otago. Its form is largely a ribbon development along the main highway (State Highway 1), with an extension north of the northern branch of the river (the suburb of Helensbrook). The old town of Fairfax is now a village with the Māori name of Tokoiti (meaning "small poles"). SH1, as Union Street, is the town's main road. Five main residential streets run parallel with Union Street (Elderlee, Ajax, Spenser, Johnson, and Chaucer Streets), with these streets being connected by other roads together forming a mostly regular grid pattern. Tokoiti lies one kilometre to the southeast.

Milton's main economic livelihood is as a service town for the surrounding farming community, although forestry is also becoming of increasing importance. It is also home to Calder Stewart, one of New Zealand's largest construction firms.

The farming settlement of Milburn two kilometres north of Milton, was chosen as the site of a new prison, opened in 2007 with a capacity of 485 prisoners. Officially referred to simply as the Otago Corrections Facility, it quickly picked up the nickname of "The Milton Hilton".

"The Kink"
In Milton there is an unusual planning anomaly – the main street (Union Street) is straight for several kilometres as it runs across the Tokomairaro Plain and through the town, yet in the northern part of Milton it has a kink in it at -46.11653°N, 169.96403°W. Heading north on the main street the road moves a whole road-width to the west.

The reason for the anomaly is disputed. A widely accepted view, but not the official view, states that the road was set out by two surveyors, one moving north and the other moving south, each of whom set out the road to the right of their survey line. Another widely held belief is that the change of course was designed to protect a large tree which formerly stood at the site where the kink is. However, why during the development of a milling area a single tree would be protected, and why the road would not return to its original line after passing the tree are both unexplained by this theory.

A story on the Kink was run by Stuff on 6 May 2021.

In popular culture
Michael Palin describes Milton in his 1997 book Full Circle as a "small inconspicuous town". He goes on to say "Yet nowhere has looked more like Britain. A gothic spire rises from a red brick parish church. There is a Salvation Army hostel, A Cosy Dell rest home and an advert for 'Frosty Boy' lollipops – 'Often Licked, Never Beaten'. The gardens, and fields beyond could be straight from my Yorkshire birthplace. At around the time of my birth."

Primary schools
Milton Primary School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students, with a roll of as of.

Tokoiti School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students, with a roll of.

St Mary's School is a co-educational state-integrated Catholic primary school for Year 1 to 6 students, with a roll of.

Secondary schools
Tokomairiro High School is a co-educational state secondary school for Year 7 to 13 students, with a roll of.

Notable people

 * Ken Bloxham – All Black rugby player
 * Richard Hayes – pilot
 * Samantha Hayes – TV news journalist
 * Thomas Joseph King –Army Officer
 * Tony Kreft – All Black rugby player
 * Frank Oliver – All Black rugby player
 * Richard Pearse – aviation pioneer who lived in Milton for some time
 * Martin Phillipps – musician who spent some of his childhood in Milton
 * Edward Stewart – All Black rugby player
 * Daryl Tuffey – test cricketer
 * Arthur Anderson Martin - surgeon

title: Milton, New Zealand


text:
Talk:University of the Punjab

Incorrect use of article
I don’t think there’s a single document that refers to here as University of the Punjab. Punjab doesn’t have an article before it- similar to the common mistake of referring to Ukraine as “the Ukraine”. Moreover, the article is inconsistent in which name it refers to the university with, using up to 4 names with different variations of adding “the” or not. I don’t have a Wikipedia account, but someone who does ought to change the title and subsequently edit the page to keep it consistent and accurate. As a P.S.: as someone who has a friend who goes there, for all intents and purposes in English documentation, the university is referred to Punjab University. 24.45.179.107 (talk) 21:27, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

 * please tell me ba date sheet 2024 ki date 116.58.78.250 (talk) 05:47, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

ba exams private students date sheet ki date 2024
ba exams ki date sheet kub aaiy geei 116.58.78.250 (talk) 05:45, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:University of the Punjab


text:
Chili powder

Chili powder (also spelled chile, chilli, or, alternatively, powdered chili) is the dried, pulverized fruit of one or more varieties of chili pepper, sometimes with the addition of other spices (in which case it is also sometimes known as chili powder blend or chili seasoning mix). It is used as a spice (or spice blend) to add pungency (piquancy) and flavor to culinary dishes. In American English, the spelling is usually "chili"; in British English, "chilli" (with two "l"s) is used consistently.

Chili powder is used in many different cuisines, including American (particularly Tex-Mex), Chinese, Indian, Bangladeshi, Korean, Mexican, Portuguese, and Thai. A chili powder blend is the primary flavor in American chili con carne.

Varieties
Chili powder is sometimes known by the specific type of chili pepper used. Varieties of chili peppers used to make chili powder include Aleppo, ancho, cayenne, chipotle, chile de árbol, jalapeño, New Mexico, pasilla, and piri piri chili peppers. Gochugaru is a variety used in Korean cuisine traditionally made from sun-dried Korean red chili peppers known as taeyang-cho, with spicier varieties using Cheongyang peppers. Kashmiri chili powder is bright red, but mild in heat and used in Indian cuisine, named after the region of Kashmir.

Blends
Chili powder blends are composed chiefly of chili peppers and blended with other spices including cumin, onion, garlic powder, and sometimes salt. The chilis are most commonly red chili peppers; "hot" varieties usually also include cayenne pepper. As a result of the varying recipes used, the spiciness of any given chili powder is variable.

The first commercial blends of chili powder in the U.S. were created by D.C. Pendery and William Gebhardt for chili con carne. Gebhardt opened Miller's Saloon in New Braunfels, Texas. Chili was the town's favorite dish. However, chili peppers could only be found at certain times of the year. Gebhardt imported some ancho peppers from Mexico and ran the peppers through a small meat grinder three times and created the first commercial chili powder in 1894.

Chili in food
Chili powder is very commonly seen in traditional Latin American and Asian cuisine. It is used in soups, tacos, enchiladas, fajitas, curries and meat.

Chili can also be found in sauces and curry bases, such as chili con carne. Chili sauce can be used to marinate and season things such as meat.

title: Chili powder


text:
Talk:Lynda Barry

PBS doc
What is the name of the alleged "recent PBS documentary"?

 * It was titled 'Grandma's Way-out Party!" and it co-starred Kevin Kling. It debuted on Minneapolis/St Paul PBS (they made it) back in the early 90s, like maybe 1992 or 93. It was great! They drove cross-country from Minneapolis to Grandma's birthday party out on the West Coast, and stopped at lots of touristy/interesting places along the way. Loved it! PBS doesn't seem to have a copy of it any more. 8(

Lynda Barry- Richland Center, Wisconsin
Did Lynda Barry lived in Richland Center, Wisconsin????Thank you-RFD 15:42, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yup. In an interview she stated: "Well, actually, I'm a native of Wisconsin, about four hours' drive from where I'm sitting now. I did grow up in Seattle...".   Prentice-Hall, the publisher, says in her bio that she was born in Richland Center.  --BaronLarf 18:53, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Pook, huh?
That's kind of a dirty trick, putting a link in a Wikipedia article that redirects back to the same page you linked from. I'm just sayin'. rowley (talk) 00:11, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

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Misuse of ?
It seems to me that is misused in the following paragraph, the final paragraph in the Personal life section:
 * In 1994, Barry suffered a near-fatal case of dengue fever.

Although can be used to ask for missing geographical information, its primary use (and the only use that appears on a mouseover) is to disambiguate a geographical reference (like the name "Oxford") which can be found in different parts of the world. The tagged statement above contains no geographical information at all, so how can something that doesn't exist be ambiguous?

The statement that a person had a particular disease is not inherently expected to specify in what geographical location the person contracted the disease. This use of looks to me like simply an editor's expression of curiosity about where Barry contracted dengue fever, but a statement like the one above would not ordinarily be required to supply geographical information. Therefore, I think this instance of should be removed. The fact that it has stood there ignored for a year and a half also argues for its removal. —104.244.192.86 (talk) 06:20, 28 August 2017 (UTC)

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Further explanation of my edit
I think I should have linked MOS:PSEUDONYM instead in my edit summary. "Lynda" seems like it would not count as a hypocorism (which is the rationale given for this edit); moreover, the omission of Jean should mark "Lynda Barry" as a professional name. Kolekant (talk) 05:28, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynda Barry


text:
José Miguel Arroyo Delgado

José Miguel Arroyo Delgado (born May 1, 1969) is a Spanish bullfighter. He is better known in bullfighting circles as Joselito, a nickname he shares with at least two other notables: José Gomez, the Joselito bullfighter of the 1910s, and Joselito, a teen idol singer from the 1960s.

Biography
Arroyo Delgado was born in Madrid. He grew up in a poor family, dreaming about fame and wealth as a bullfighter. He became a professional bullfighter in Seville at the early age of sixteen. He went on to triumph in Mexico as well as in his native country. In Mexico, he was awarded a bull's tail, the top award given to a "torero" there. Arroyo Delgado himself admits to being one of the most battered bullfighters of his generation. In 1989 he sustained his worst injury, when he was hit by a bull and required hospitalization. In 1996 he came close to another serious injury, when he faced a bull in France: he was not fighting well that day and he was close to losing to a bull. He won the encounter, but thought seriously about retiring. Arroyo Delgado has been a controversial bullfighter in Spain: he is known for his dislike of uniforms, whether military or torero, although he does use his torero uniform. He was also both widely criticized and praised by the Spanish public for refusing to dedicate a bull to King Juan Carlos de Bourbon, dedicating it instead to his friend, "El Bote", a fellow bullfighter who had just been hospitalized after an encounter with a bull.

Arroyo Delgado is equally controversial in Spain for his religious views: although he claims to be a Catholic, he has also declared that, had he been born in another country, his God would have been either Allah or Buddha. Arroyo Delgado never prays before his fights, although this is a tradition for bullfighters in Spain, a country that has an overwhelming Catholic majority.

Arroyo Delgado is the owner of a cattle ranch. He is the adoptive son of Enrique Martin Arranz and his wife Adela. Arroyo Delgado's natural father died in 1981.

title: José Miguel Arroyo Delgado


text: User talk:195.195.244.153

title: User talk:195.195.244.153


text:
Talk:Spanish grammar/to do

I've blanked this list because I wrote it for the article before I separated it out into different articles. Feel free to add new to-do items. — Chameleon 13:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spanish grammar/to do


text:
Talk:Time preference

The paragraph on Mises' time preference theory
I'm quite familiar with von Mises' views on time preference, I have re-read the cited page, and I really don't see how, or where the inconsistency arises. Neither do I see how the interpretation of the cited page can be deemed correct. If anyone could explain why Mises is cited as being inconsistend I'd be glad to hear the reasons. If, on the other hand, he is not inconsistent, I'd recommend removing or at least modifying the paragraph, because I think diminishing Mises' contribution to time preference theory as defective - although it's not faultless - is misleading. Marci von Heves 13:40, 5 December 2020 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by OberleutnantMarton (talk • contribs)

Terminology
Regarding the terminology, from Frederick et al (2002): "We distinguish time discounting from time preference. We use the term time discounting broadly to encompass any reason for caring less about a future consequence, including factors that diminish the expected utility generated by a future consequence, such as uncertainty or changing tastes. We use the term time preference to refer, more specifically, to the preference for immediate utility over delayed utility."

Undue weight
Austrian school section gives undue weight. Suggest removal. Objections? LK (talk) 14:24, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Objection: I see the argument, but it is relevant and referenced. It would be better to build up other content rather than remove this relevant school of thought. Klbrain (talk) 11:41, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

Merge from Discounted utility
I propose merging Discounted utility into this article as they seem to be discussing the same issue. I acknowledge that I have limited knowledge in this area. Daask (talk) 15:50, 16 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Indeed, these are concepts that deal with the same area, but there are differences between them. Discounted utility is an economic concept that refers to the value of something. Time preference is a concept that is more related to the field of psychology, where it is used to describe a particular characteristic of people. The connection between them is that the preference of a particular person's time can certainly affect the way in which delay affects the value he attributes to something. But each has its own meaning. For example, the economic aspect can affect business considerations, the psychological aspect is expressed in the fields of education and treatment in cases of difficulty in postponing gratification etc. Chenspec (talk) 12:08, 2 February 2019 (UTC)
 * I was tempted to support to merge proposal, but on reflection also oppose. The primary reason is that there are other economic topic pages which are even more closely associated with Discounted utility, such as Discount function and Time value of money. I'll close given that there has been opposition and no support over more than a year. At least the topics are linked through the see also. Klbrain (talk) 06:40, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

"European thrifty spirit"
What are we doing in that last section, about Turgot? It's certainly not consistent with an encyclopedic tone/neutral perspective to refer to a "European thrifty spirit" as some unsourced fact. Is this a direct quote from the scholar mentioned? If so this should be indicated. If not this definitely needs to be reworded, if not stricken completely. 108.59.63.90 (talk) 04:35, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

Needs section on cultural differences
The article needs a section on cultural differences in time preferences between countries, with a link to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Long term orientation is typical of East Asian cultures, while short term orientation is typical of Latin American cultures. Agnerf (talk) 05:34, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Time preference