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Amontillado

Amontillado ( (ah-mon-tee-YAH- tho) is a variety of sherry wine characterised by being darker than fino sherry, but lighter than oloroso sherry. Amontillado wine is named after the Montilla municipality, in Andalusia, Spain, where the style of sherry originated in the 18th century; commercially, the name "Amontillado" is used as a measure of colour to label any style of sherry that lay between the categories of fino and oloroso. In American literature, Amontillado sherry features in the title of the short story "The Cask of Amontillado" (1846), by Edgar Allan Poe.

An Amontillado sherry begins as a fino, fortified to approximately 15.5% alcohol with a cap of flor yeast limiting its exposure to the air. A cask of fino is considered to be amontillado if the layer of flor fails to develop adequately, is intentionally killed by additional fortification, or is allowed to die off through non-replenishment. Without the layer of flor, amontillado must be fortified to approximately 17.5% alcohol so that it does not oxidise too quickly. After the additional fortification, Amontillado oxidises slowly, exposed to oxygen through the slightly porous American or Canadian oak casks, and gains a darker colour and richer flavour than fino.

Amontillado is characterized by nutty aromas, tobacco, aromatic herbs and often sturdy, polished notes of oak. The fusion of two different ageing processes gives Amontillado wines a specific flavour.

Varieties
Amontillado can be produced in several different manners. A fino amontillado is a wine that has begun the transformation from a fino to an amontillado, but has not been aged long enough to complete the process. Amontillado del puerto is an amontillado made in El Puerto de Santa María. Naturally dry, they are sometimes sold lightly to medium sweetened but these can no longer be labelled as amontillado. On 12 April 2012, the rules applicable to the sweet and fortified denominations of origin Montilla-Moriles and Jerez-Xérès-Sherry were changed to prohibit sweet amontillado. They have to be labelled as Medium Sherry: blend of Amontillado or suchlike.

The classification by sweetness is:

Serving
Amontillado is usually served slightly chilled and may be served either as an apéritif or as an accompaniment to food such as chicken or rabbit. Classically it was served with a fine, or thin, soup, such as a beef consommé.

Storing
Due to its oxidative aging and preparation, amontillado is more stable than fino and may be stored for a few years before opening. After opening, it can be kept for up to two months, if corked and refrigerated.

Cultural legacy
Amontillado is the alcohol mentioned in Edgar Allan Poe's short story, "The Cask of Amontillado."

title: Amontillado


text:
User talk:Mick Knapton

Bold text Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 15:27, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Bodmin Moor
Could you add some information on the source of this picture to the image page (you click on the picture in the article to get there). Also how large is this object? Rmhermen 00:14, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

Hi the Cheesewring is 7 metres in height: The photograph is my own taken on holiday in Cornwall in September 2003.

Kelso Abbey
Hey Mick. Thanks for starting the Kelso Abbey article. Welcome along :-) Adambisset 13:49, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Image tags
Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you very much for the images you are contributing to Wikipedia, you seem to have a very impressive collection of images. One thing that would be of service would be if you could specify which license you are releasing the pictures under. The most common license is the GFDL, to release an image under the GFDL simply add to each image's page. A list of other possible licenses and tags can be found at Image copyright tags. Below is a list of the images you have uploaded. If you have a couple minutes it would be much appreciated if you could add copyright tags to them. - SimonP 21:08, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:Tower Block Demolition.jpg
 * Image:Shrewsbury Castle 2.jpg
 * Image:Grasmere from Stone Arthur.jpg
 * Image:AIRA FORCE 2.jpg
 * Image:Haweswater from Harter Fell 3.jpg
 * Image:Padstow 1.jpg
 * Image:Great Langdale from Crinkle Crags.jpg
 * Image:Crinkle Crags from Cold Pike.jpg
 * Image:De Vlaeminck 1.jpg
 * Image:Paxton House.jpg
 * Image:The Keep at Richmond Castle.jpg
 * Image:View from Richmond Castle 1.jpg
 * Image:View from Richmond Castle 3.jpg
 * Image:Bass Rock.jpg

 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article Polperro, which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 19:23, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Bedale
Thanks for supplying the picture of Bedale. Ta very much! Borderer 15:12, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Conwy Railway Bridge
Excellent photo - it add a great deal to the article. I travel over the bridge almost weekly but the train never provides a good view of the bridge. Velela 20:45, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Roger De Vlaeminck
Hello I'm French and I ave used your picture of Roger De Vlaeminck for the French encyclopedia. Could you say me in which Paris-Roubaix this picture was taken ? Thank you and sorry for my english. fr:Utilisateur:Antoinel
 * I have added the same photo to the dutch wiki about Roger De Vlaeminck and would like to know the details aswell. If you can provide them off course ;-) 82.157.156.158 19:05, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC) nl:Gebruiker:NielsB

Eskdale photos
Hey Mick,

Great photos of Eskdale. I used to stay at Penny Hill Farm as a kid and it was really nice to see the photo of Harter Fell. Even after spending time in the Alps, Eskdale is still a beautiful place.

Regards, Keith

Coldstream Bridge
Hey! :) I really really like your photos... I found one of them that justabout fitted my new article at Coldstream Bridge, but I wondered if you had one that featured more on the (very interesting) bridge and less on the Tweed? If you did it would be fantastic, if not, I am sure we can make do with the current one. Thanks a lot for all your work on the British geography articles! --TheGrappler 22:47, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The new picture is now in place at Coldstream Bridge, thanks a lot! :) --TheGrappler 00:00, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Berwick Bridge and Royal Tweed Bridge
Again, thanks for the photos! I don't suppose you have one for the Royal Border Bridge too? That's the Victorian railway viaduct carrying the East Coast Mainline over the Tweed - it's a pretty dramatic sight, but I haven't been able to find a free photograph for it! Thanks, TheGrappler 16:26, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You asked too early. There now is at least one, see Commons:Image:Royal Border Bridge 2001-01-07.jpg for instance.--Klaus with K 17:11, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Mark V
Hallo Mick! Very nice article about Bovington Tank Museum! And very, very nice pictures. Especially the one of the Mark V! Could you possibly put it (or any other of course :o) on WikiCommons also? There's a number of foreign language wikiprojects that would benefit greatly from the inclusion of your gorgeous picture(s). WWI vehicles are quite rare and it's difficult to obtain photos of them. Thanks anyhow,--MWAK 3 July 2005 14:25 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your efforts! I've already put them to good use.--MWAK 4 July 2005 18:07 (UTC)

 * My congrats on the pics too! I was worried that whenI'm down there later in the year, I'd have to drag my wife round the place photgraphing everything that wasn't already on wikipedia. Just one question, the TOG2, for a reference point, how tall is the little person (your grand-daughter?)in front of itGraemeLeggett 4 July 2005 19:22 (UTC)

Roger De Vlaeminck - part II
Could you please provide more information about the photo you have uploaded about Roger De Vlaeminck? If you dont have any information, please say so. nl:gebruiker:NielsB
 * After consulting with my father he seems to think that it is the 1978 edition of Paris-Roubaix - Mick Knapton
 * Thank you very much! I will add this info to the photo on the dutch wiki. 22:26, 4 August 2005 (UTC) NielsB

Eskdale
Sincere apologies for removing your picture. I appreciate the effort you went to in taking it (hard to get to valley is Eskdale!) and I guess I just forgot that you can have two pictures in the same article! I think your picture is better, come to think of it I'm not even siure if my picture's of Eskdale at all!

Thanks for not deleting the other picture. Actually I got it from this website. They aim to have a photo from every 1km grid square in Britain, and all the images are licensed as Creative Commons Attribution, so they are suitable for copying onto wikipedia. Apologies for forgetting to license it. --Mark J 15:43, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Paris-Tours
Why didn't you just use "292 km" on your new map at Paris-Tours? The objection wasn't to your use of a symbol; it was to your use of the improper symbol "KM". While there are situations in which the spelled out word can be capitalized, it looks ugly here, and even spelled out would be better with a lowercase k. But since this differs from the rules that the symbols are case sensitive, I won't revert it, just letting you know that it could be better. The shading on this new version is also too dark for my tastes. Gene Nygaard 17:49, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Royal Border Bridge
Many thanks for the photo. This is a very late reply, haven't had time to log on to Wiki since I started teacher-training! Your photo collection is a great contribution to Wikipedia. :-) TheGrappler 19:18, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Harrison Stickle and Branstree
Nice photos, thanks for telling me about them. Happy New year! Grinner 11:26, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Supertram liveries
Hi! Seeing as there have now been a couple of changes of livery, perhaps it would be good to add a section to the supertram article on the various liveries that have been used. This would then be a good place to put photos that illustrate each livery. I found this photograph that illustrates the original livery, but I'm sure that there are more out there. JeremyA 21:25, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Lake District fells
Just a word of thanks about the Lake District fells you've added over time - you write really nice articles with excellent picture. Keep it up! Grinner

Kisdon Force
Brilliant article. I've nommed it for WP:DYK, hope you don't mind. Your photos are superb, and belie the rumour that the sun never shines in the UK.  + + Lar: t/c 21:56, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your efforts on this one!  + + Lar: t/c 21:43, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Demolition Article
Well Mick, I am not finished with the demolition article. I am about to add a couple more pictures to the article, including yours. The reason I removed yours is because it is very difficult to see the excavator in your picture. Congrats on getting a pic of a long-reach excavator though, I am sill searching for one to take a pic of. KeepOnTruckin 20:19, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Look at it now; is that good?

KeepOnTruckin 17:24, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Image license
Hi Mike, I've found that there's a "broken" file, a photo made by you. Could you please add more information (date perhaps?) and a license to Image:The Cheesewring 2.jpg (cf. ), so that it won't get deleted? Thanks a lot, nice shot :-) --Ü 23:48, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject on Sheffield Wednesday

 * Great to have you aboard Mick. Contributions to any Sheffield Wednesday related articles are welcome, so feel free to write about the subjects that you are most knowledgable on. You can find a list of the articles that are in need of most work here. — Dan1980 11:27, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Mick,

 * You're not treading on my toes at all. There's loads to do so we appreciate your help wherever you can give it. When you create articles relating to Sheffield Wednesday please could you add the tag   to the top of the article's talk page. This automatically adds it to Category:WikiProject Sheffield Wednesday articles and makes it easier to keep track of the articles covered by the WikiProject.

 * I've added a paragraph to the Peter Swan article about his short managerial career at Matlock Town. As far as I am aware he did not manage any other clubs, but if you know different please add them to the article.

 * Cheers, Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 17:09, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Central Fells
Hello. I've started adding some of the missing fells, and seen your fine work all over the District. I was wondering if you have any photos handy for the central fells I've started? I only seem to walk in the kind of weather that means I need a GPS just to find my sandwiches. Two more centrals to go and then I'm planning to move east of Kirkstone for a bit. One thing that strikes me as a newcomer to this wiki lark, is that there's several Wainwright formats out there already. I copied one that seemed prevalent, only to find it wasn't particularly. Once all the articles are up and running presumably all interested parties can agree on a standard beauty treatment?Bobble Hat 22:04, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, cracking pictures.Bobble Hat 22:07, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Central Fells again!
I've started adding a template for wainwright's central fells to the relevent ones and discussed this with bobble hat earlier (as you've probably seen). Sorry I didnt put a note on your talk page then. Do you think the templates ok? and importantly, i guess, is the format suitable for using on the other areas etc? Thanks Suicidalhamster 11:27, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Featured article candidates/Sheffield Wednesday F.C.
The article Sheffield Wednesday F.C. has been nominated for a Featured article. The voting is going well so far. Please add your support/comments by clicking the link in the title of this message.

Cheers, Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 19:24, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

DYK
Great article and pic too! Thanks! --Srikeit (Talk 18:43, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Wednesday Players
I would love to have a short section on Wednesday legends, but I don't think that the 100 greatest players list would work. A poll among Wikipedians would be considered OR and/or POV. What we could do is include a list of players from an already established poll such as the legends section on the official website. Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 13:48, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Disambiguation Talk Request
This is a form message being sent to all WikiProject Disambiguation participants. I may have found your page based on your contributions or your link repair user box on your user page. If you are not a member, please consider including your name on the project page. I recently left a proposed banner idea on the WikiProject Disambiguation talk page and I would appreciate any input you could provide. Before it can be approved or denied, I would prefer a lot of feedback from multiple participants in the project. So if you have the time please join in the discussion to help improve the WikiProject. Keep up the good work in link repair and thanks for your time. Nehrams2020 23:08, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Mamores
Just a quick note to praise your articles about Sgurr a' Mhaim, Am Bodach and An Gearanach. Great work as always. Grinner 20:26, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

I second that nice articles. Great! There are millions of smaller hills in Scotland too that are not covered on wikpiedia. All the best!! Ernst Stavro Blofeld 13:34, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

"Chrysanthemum" is one of my favourite hills too! thanks for the article. Grinner 15:45, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject British hills
Hi, I've just created WikiProject British hills and thought you might be interested in joining. Cheers, --Blisco 22:51, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Please have a Barnstar: I am impressed !
I noticed Ben More Assynt at new articles because I remembered it being missing. A really fine article, and great pictures, so I had a peek through your contribs and I'm really impressed. The photography is excellent - I think Image:Stob Ban (Mamores) from Sgurr a' Mhaim.jpg is my favourite out of your recent uploads. Best wishes, Angus McLellan (Talk) 22:28, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Reversion of Ben More Assynt
Hey, what was wrong with my changes? I don't think I took anything away (apart from the derivation of 'Assynt', which I explained in the edit summary); I just moved stuff around so it was better organised, with a concise lead and sections arranged thematically per the Manual of Style, and added a few pieces of information and/or clarified some points. Please don't feel offended - you wrote a great article, I was just trying to make it clearer for the general reader. If there were any specific things you think were out of order (in either sense!) then by all means put them right or address the matter on the talk page, but why the wholesale reversion? --Blisco 13:18, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * [From User talk:Blisco] The article was on the main page for most of Saturday (not nominated by me), everybody else seemed quite happy with it, did small changes and I received some plaudits, until you decided to give it a major overhaul. Thats the reason I was not happy as you had done something similar with Sgurr na Lapaich. If this is your policy for your so called "Key Mountains" than I think I'll leave them alone and concentrate on other Munros and Wainwrights. Mick Knapton 22:53, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Mick, first of all please don't take any of my edits as criticism. I really think you're doing a great job with the articles you're creating. Ben More Assynt in particular covered just the sort of information I think these articles should – topography, geology, wildlife, ascent routes – exactly the things we were discussing. My 'overhaul' was a sincere and good-faith attempt to present the information in a clearer way, as well as adding a few extra bits of information. True, it was a lot of changes at once, and some of them (e.g. putting commas in 4-digit numbers) were not at all necessary, but that's just the way I prefer to work. As I said above, I didn't take anything out, and made fairly few changes to the actual wording. I honestly believe that it's now among the best articles we've got on British hills (which is not a bad achievement for an article 5 days old), and most of the effort is yours.

 * Please remember that no one can claim ownership of an article on Wikipedia. As it says on the edit page, "If you don't want your material to be edited mercilessly or redistributed by others, do not submit it". This is a collaborative project, and we're all meant to be working together to improve the encyclopedia. That's why I set up the WikiProject in the first place – to try and define some common goals and practices, rather than just working away at our own areas of interest. The fact that other users say nice things about an article in a particular state doesn't mean that it can't be improved beyond that state - Wikipedia is in a constant process of improvement.

 * You haven't told me what aspects of my overhaul you didn't like. Do you not like articles divided into sections? (Read the Manual of Style and you'll find it recommended over and over again.) Do you think I was wrong to order things the way I did? (To which I say fair enough, there's no one right way to do it.) Are you offended by changes to your writing style? Did you not like the tone of my edit summary on Sgurr na Lapaich? (If so then I apologise; it was perhaps a bit abrupt, though I stand by the principle – this is an encyclopedia after all.) Or do you get the impression that I'm stalking your edits? If the latter (which I suspect is the case), the truth is that I just happened to notice that you'd created them, was pleased, and thought they could be made even better with a bit of copy-editing and sectioning. In any case, but especially the latter, reverting another editor's hard work without any explanation is not the way forward. If you were offended, then so was I.

 * As for "my so called 'key mountains'", they're not "mine" any more than the article in question is "yours". The idea came from Ras52, and I created the page following discussion and, I thought, consensus (or at least no objections); it just so happens that so far I've put most of the effort (not all) into classifying them. If you disagree with the principle, perhaps you should say so on the project talk page? And my only "policy" is for all articles, but especially these, to be of the highest quality. I'm interested in all our hills, I want to help create a quality encyclopedia, and I'll edit any article I like. If you don't want me to touch any articles you created then say so, but I'd ask you to consider whether that's in the spirit of Wikipedia. Thanks, Blisco 20:03, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Far Eastern Fells
Mick, there is at least the basis of an article about all of them now. Had a bit of a shock one evening when I decided to research the next missing fell. Preped up on Wansfell, logged on and found you'd written it about 10 minutes before. All a bit surreal, but yours was better anyway. I don't suppose you have any more pictures? Book 1 next.Bobble Hat 16:52, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Good news about the photos. No complaints about Wansfell, its just that I'd only been gone about half an hour, so I'm sat here thinking 'I did look, I'm sure I did, how did I not notice that there's a full article with pictures?' Quite funny, once you realise you haven't gone round the bend.Bobble Hat 22:59, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

DYK!
Thanks for your contributions!  Nish kid 64  20:22, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Gaelic pronounciation
Thanks for the tip about Sgurr na Ciste Dhuibhe. I have tried to render it at least partially into IPA. I have to admit I have mixed feelings about IPA, as I think while it is internationally recognised, it can be about as widely understood as Klingon or Esperanto! I wish English wikipedia would agree to a dual pronounciation guide, i.e. one for the linguists, and another for ordinary mortals. The other problem is that there are a few unusual sounds in Gaelic which don't occur in too many other languages, so finding a reference point can be difficult. --MacRusgail 16:18, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Hardman and Co.
Just found your edits. You'll be pleased to see I inserted the pic of E.Window of St. Nicholas. Thanks! --Amandajm 00:50, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

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Ben Oss
Good article! Slightly annoying that I was working on a draft at the same time - but that's life and yours is much more detailed anyway. Best Iain99 18:36, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

picture caught my eye
Carn nan Gobhar from Sgurr na Lapaich.jpg is really eye catching. well done. Victuallers 12:20, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

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Contact Regarding Copyright Permission
Hi Mick, I have an acquaintance who would like to us an image of yours on this page [] for a book he is working on. He has been trying to find contact details for you to request copyright permission. Can you tell me how he would go about contacting you?

Darrell —Preceding unsigned comment added by Togwil (talk • contribs) 20:51, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Darrell, I can be contacted by email at mick_knapton@hotmail.co.uk  Best Regards Mick Knapton 11:09, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

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''' Dear Mick Knapton,

Apologies for this unconventional means of contacting you.

We're interested in using an image of yours in a book Penguin are publishing next year.

I wondered, if you had a moment, if you could give me a call on 020 7010 3352 or drop me an email

adam.oriordan@uk.penguingroup.com

With all good wishes Adam O'Riordan Editorial Assistant, Penguin Press '''

WikiProject Sheffield Wednesday
Hi Mick,

Just a quick note to let you know that after months of neglect, I am currently working on rennovating WPSWFC. I have already set up 1.0 assessment which should help to identify articles that need work and I'll also be compiling a fresh list of football biography articles that are needed, so feel free to check back in a week or so and help out if you have any spare time!

Cheers, Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 18:09, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the list of Sheffield Wednesday players is far from complete, so if you notice any missing feel free to add them to the list. I'll be trying to add to it shortly as well as compiling a list of red links and ranking them by priority, so there will be plenty to do! Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 13:57, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Seathwaite Fell
Your removal of the graphite mine information from Seathwaite Fell has been partially reversed. There's now a statement about graphite being found on the fell. Lavateraguy (talk) 18:35, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Rodger Wylde
Dan1980 (talk | stalk) 11:50, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

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Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot
SuggestBot predicts that you will enjoy editing some of these articles. Have fun!

SuggestBot picks articles in a number of ways based on other articles you've edited, including straight text similarity, following wikilinks, and matching your editing patterns against those of other Wikipedians. It tries to recommend only articles that other Wikipedians have marked as needing work. Your contributions make Wikipedia better -- thanks for helping.

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Eric McMordie
Anyone who has played for Sheffield Wednesday is within the scope of the WikiProject, whether it is on loan or on a permanent deal, for one game or one hundred. I've added the relevant tags to the article. Nice work. Dan1980 (talk ♦ stalk) 19:39, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Great work
Hi - just wanted to say how impressed I've been by your recent articles on Hillsborough House, Burrowlee House, Wharncliffe Crags, Church of St. Mary, Ecclesfield and Hillsborough Trinity Methodist Church. I hope there are more to come! Warofdreams talk 20:52, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Tram Pics...
Hello Mick,

Could I possibly use your tram pics at trams wikia?. I will of course attribute them too you! I will assume that it is ok to use them, however if it is not please let me know and I will delete them!

Thanks,

 BG 7   14:54, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Gondola Photo
Can I ask when you took the photo of the Gondola on Coniston?

I might be able to identify the helmsman. I do know that the engineer is Dick Ransome, grandson of Arthur Ransome. —Preceding unsigned comment added by BigglesPiP (talk • contribs) 23:33, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Dates are close, I'm about 90% sure the helmsman is my father; Alan Dawson. - - - BigglesPiP ( Talk 19:53, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually looking at the photo again, the helmsman is the boss from the time, My father is standing next to the engineer. - - - BigglesPiP ( Talk 19:56, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Districts of Sheffield
Why do we have this template? What was wrong Sheffield, which does almost the same thing?  L.J.Skinner wot 22:11, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

WP:DYK Nomination of Ellis Rimmer
Hi. I've nominated Ellis Rimmer, an article you worked on, for consideration to appear on the Main Page as part of Did you know. You can see the hook for the article at Template talk:Did you know, where you can improve it if you see fit. Thanks, -- RyRy5 (talk  ♠ Review ) 22:09, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

George Wilson (English footballer)
I have created an article about George Wilson who was an England international and a Wednesday player. Are you able to add anything to the article? Cheers. --Daemonic Kangaroo (talk) 07:44, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Walter Millership
Great work again Mick! I've added Millership's wartime details to the infobox, but couldn't find the wartime appearance data you quoted in any of the references. I assume that you've got it from Since 1888, but I can't access it as I'm too tight to subscribe! Please could you take a look and fill in the blanks?

I also noticed that there's a discrepancy between the SWFC appearance stats quoted in the lead (which I assume are from Since 1888) and those in the infobox (which are from Adrian Bullock). Could you have a look at that too and see if you can work out which ones are correct?

Cheers, Dan1980 (talk ♦ stalk) 20:06, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I didn't pick up on the fact that the lead mentions his combined league apps; that's what you get for editing an article when you're half asleep I suppose! Is there any mention of the years that he guested for Donny or the Blades? Dan1980 (talk ♦ stalk) 21:34, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
I can't beleive that I haven't already given you one of these, so here you go – it's long overdue!

Teddy Davison
Interesting article - it took a bit of work to give him his five minutes of fame on the front page! Cheers. --Daemonic Kangaroo (talk) 08:26, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Sheffield Wednesday WikiProject
Hi Mick,

I've just started a new sources section at the Wikiproject and would appreciate it if you could add to it with any useful links that you know of that aren't already listed. The new section can be found here.

There's also a book list that will help in sourcing articles if you need information from a book that you do not own, so if you could add any books that you have to the list then that would be great too.

Finally, I'm in the process of starting individual articles for each of Wednesday's seasons. To start with these will essentially be stubs with an infobox and final league table, but will eventually be fleshed out. If you would like to help by expanding these articles or by creating some of the stubs then feel free to join in – you won't be treading on any toes! There is a full list of the season articles here.

Cheers, Dan1980 (talk ♦ stalk) 21:55, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Oxford Wikimania 2010 and Wikimedia UK v2.0 Notice
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St Matthew's Church, Sheffield
Nice work. Thanks, —Jeremy (talk) 13:11, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

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Strines Reservoir
Hi Mick; I just found this one and have nominated it for Did You Know? - hope you don't mind. Excellent pictures! Hassocks 5489 (tickets please!) 13:25, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

DYK for Strines Reservoir
--Dravecky (talk) 08:06, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

DYK nomination
Hi. I've nominated Moss Force, an article you worked on, for consideration to appear on the Main Page as part of Did you know. You can see the hook for the article here, where you can improve it if you see fit. Bruce1eetalk 13:28, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * That's a great photo of those falls. You have no idea how envious I am of you that you were there to take it. Drmies (talk) 20:29, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Derwent Edge
The article may be about Derwent Edge, but the infobox (elevation info, OS grid reference, coordinates) is specifically about Back Tor, the highest point on the escarpment. Illustrating the infobox with an image of a place other than Back Tor does not appear to me to make sense. What exactly is your rationale for the change? (The layout problem created by your preferred positioning of the images may be a matter of taste, but note MOS:IMAGES: "Avoid sandwiching text between two images that face each other". I believe that having a left-aligned image at the top of an article is discouraged somewhere, as well.) Deor (talk) 21:57, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

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Invitation to participate in SecurePoll feedback and workshop
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Endcliffe Hall
Hi. I noticed that you added Endcliffe Hall to the list of buildings by William Flockton (nice article by the way). It looks to me that Endcliffe Hall was by Flockton & Abbott, and as far as I know the Flockton in that partnership was William's son Thomas James Flockton. I'm not sure what to do here... I started the William Flockton article as an article about the person; but because I included details about the successor firms I redirected the names of those firms to that article, meaning that this is where someone clicking Flockton & Abbott is redirected to. Four solutions come to mind: 1—retitle the table in the article, 2—add a second table to the article for buildings by the successor firms, 3—retitle the article to be about Flockton firms in general rather than just William Flockton, 4—start new articles for the successor firms. Do you have a preference? Thanks, —Jeremy (talk) 14:37, 20 November 2009 (UTC)
 * It's a pity that the hall is so inaccessible, though the military have probably saved it from being swept away. I'll probably move the William Flockton article to a new title and make it more general about the Flockton architects. There seems to be so little information published about the individual Flocktons that that makes sense. —Jeremy (talk) 17:55, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

 * OK, I've moved the article to Flockton (architects) and started work on expanding its scope. See what you think. I'm not sure whether or not to continue the history beyond Gibbs becoming the senior partner, although I see some 20th century buildings attributed to Flockton & Gibbs rather than the other way round; also there are some 1930s buildings attributed to Flockton & Son but I know nothing about this firm. —Jeremy (talk) 02:09, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Mick Knapton! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 3 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

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Fair use rationale for File:Fife in focus.jpeg
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Mount Pleasant, Sheffield
It's great to see another well-written and illustrated article relating to Sheffield. Keep up the good work! Warofdreams talk 09:43, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

DYK for Leah's Yard
The DYK project (nominate) 12:04, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Little Langdale
Thanks very much. I'll be nominating it for DYK, possibly along with Lanty Slee, if I can think of a good catchy hook. Any suggestions welcome. JMiall ₰  19:09, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

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York meetup
Hi Mick Knapton. Just to let you know there is a Wikimedia meetup being planned in York for Tuesday. —Tom Morris (talk) 16:37, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Listed buildings in Sheffield S6
I'm glad you like it - I was actually going to notify you once it was finished; I've just got the last few buildings around High Bradfield to add. Thanks for adding the link; I hope that you can contribute some more of your excellent articles on local buildings (and perhaps some missing pictures, too). Warofdreams talk 14:49, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

List of rock formations in the United Kingdom
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:List of rock formations in the United Kingdom. Bejnar (talk) 20:51, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

FYI
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Disambiguation link notification for August 19
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Suburbs of Sheffield
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Gleadless Valley (ward)
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Copy & paste move
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 * Gleadless Valley is now free for you to post your new article. Road Wizard (talk) 14:43, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

Gleadless Valley
Hi Mick. Firstly, let me say you've done cracking work in your sandbox, thorough research not seen often enough. I have however noted a few errors I would like to address, might I ask you move your content to the article so that others may contribute as if you amend your sandbox, the version I am working on will be outdated. Thanks, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons 16:26, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Cheers Mick, I had sandboxed a bit and implemented the changes. I've also created Holy Cross Church, Gleadless Valley as a result of your own sandbox. Thanks, <b style="color:#000000;">Captain Scarlet</b> <i style="color:#FF0000;">and the Mysterons</i> 21:42, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 4
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Whirlow
Hi Mick, great job writing Whirlow. Would you mind categorising the photos you've used in. Bear in mind Whirlow photos have already been uploaded. All the best. <b style="color:#000000;">Captain Scarlet</b> <i style="color:#FF0000;">and the Mysterons</i> 13:01, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

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William John Hale
Excellent work, I'd say. Most informative. Bmcln1 (talk) 22:09, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

Five Arches

 * That's interesting - thanks for tracking that down. I've got a couple of maps which show the postcode boundary as immediately west of the viaduct, but that could be an approximation.  Herries Road is definitely in S6 west of the junction with Herries Road South, and definitely in S5 east of the viaduct, but it might even be that the boundary isn't clearly defined there.  Maybe it would make sense to include it in both lists, with a note - what do you think? Warofdreams talk 22:47, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * Hello James, thanks for your message regarding William John Hale. It seems that Hale was quite a private person and there is very little information about him in the public domain. Most of the information for the Wikipedia article came from a Sheffield Undergraduate dissertation by N.D. Wilson which was eventually published in 1998 in the "Chapel Society Miscellany 1". It does not give a reason as to why Hale called his house "Tainby" but it does say that he died at the house. I managed to get a copy of the book from abebooks.com but there are very few copies around as far as I can see. This Link also gives a bit of information on the building. If you need any further help please contact me. Best regards Mick Knapton (talk) 15:52, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

Contact for copyright information
Hi Mick,

I'd like to use a modified version of one of your photos for a book I'm co-authoring. Didn't know if the old hotmail address from 2007 is still one you use. Can I email you to talk credit line/copyright permissions?

Thanks, Leesha — Preceding unsigned comment added by Leeshaplante06 (talk • contribs) 20:21, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Pictures and other contributions
Great to see so many photos of the listed buildings. I've been taking a fair few myself, generally in parts of the city you've not yet been to! Your other contributions on localities and buildings are also excellent. I'll create the S11 article soon! Warofdreams talk 18:48, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Listed buildings in Sheffield S11 is now complete. Warofdreams talk 21:26, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

Picture request
Dear Mr. Knapton,

I work as Project Editor in the German publishing house Ernst & Sohn and we will publish a book called "Der Turm und die Brücke". We would like to use a photo of yours in this book. Could you contact me for details or send me your contact data? Thank you very much in advance!

Best regards Jost Lüddecke

jolueddeck@wiley.com

Contributor 0815 first (talk) 14:06, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Sheffield area articles
Great to see you creating yet more fantastic articles! I've reverted the unreferenced additions to the Stanedge Pole article, and I'll try to keep a bit of an eye on it; I noticed your previous revert and agreed with it.

It's also great to see the S6 article nearly complete. I'll leave High Lea in the list until I eventually create an S35 article; in the meantime, there's still the potential to take photos in most of the rest of the city! Warofdreams talk 17:15, 4 November 2013 (UTC)

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Thanks
Thanks Mick. Always nice to get positive feedback. DjlnDjln (talk) 16:13, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Fulwood
You always write excellent articles, and it's great to see your plans for some very useful future ones! I think other areas which could do with articles include Beighton and Mosborough. I had a go a while ago at an article on Hollow Meadows and am still slowly taking photos of listed buildings. thanks, Warofdreams talk 13:57, 23 January 2016 (UTC)

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October 2017
Please do not add or change content, as you did at Vic Mobley, without citing a reliable source. Please review the guidelines at Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article. Thank you. GiantSnowman 17:24, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

Talkback
 Dr Strauss   talk   18:57, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

Joe Cockroft
Hi Mick, Hope you don't mind but I have a favour to ask if that's OK? I notice that you have previously used The Wednesday Boys (ISBN 0-9547264-9-9) as a reference and wondered if you could check something for me? I gather the book states that Joe Cockroft made 198 wartime appearances for Wednesday, scoring 13 goals. Could you just confirm this and let me know the page number for the ref please? Many thanks, Nzd   (talk)  14:56, 14 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Brilliant, thanks for doing that. Cheers, Nzd   (talk)  06:16, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

Merger discussion for List of Masonic buildings in the United States
An article that you have been involved in editing—List of Masonic buildings in the United States —has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Doncram (talk) 16:36, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi, you actually edited at a list of men's clubhouse buildings, but the same split vs. merger issue applies. This is explicitly about Masonic buildings in the U.S. and will also apply worldwide.  Your participation in the discussion would be welcome. --Doncram (talk) 16:37, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

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It's okay to remove or strike messages like this once the concerns have been addressed. :). ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 16:20, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mick Knapton


text:
User talk:HeebJeeb

Please don't vandalise the wikipedia. Not big, not clever, not successful.

title: User talk:HeebJeeb


text:
User talk:0101TANGws

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 15:28, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
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Image copyright
Thank you for uploading Image:The new society.jpg and for stating the source. However, its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. If it is open content or public domain, please give proof of this on the image page. If the image is fair use, please provide a rationale. Thank you. BrokenSegue 19:40, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Same issue with Image:New youth.JPG. thanks --Tagishsimon (talk)

title: User talk:0101TANGws


text:
Category:Texas Rangers players

This category includes baseball players for the franchise currently known as the Texas Rangers. This franchise has been known as:
 * Washington Senators (1961-1971)
 * Texas Rangers (1972-present)

title: Category:Texas Rangers players


text: Category:Montreal Expos players

title: Category:Montreal Expos players


text:
Andy Stewart (baseball)

Andrew David Stewart (born December 5, 1970) is a former Major League Baseball player for the Kansas City Royals.

Stewart hit a double in his first major league plate appearance in September 1997. He was part of Canada's 2004 Olympic Baseball Team in Athens, Greece, where he batted .416 after a four-year layoff coaching in the Toronto Blue Jays and Pittsburgh Pirates organizations. The Canadian team finished in fourth place.

title: Andy Stewart (baseball)


text: Category:Texas Rangers field personnel

title: Category:Texas Rangers field personnel


text:
Overcombe

Overcombe is a coastal area in Preston in south Dorset, England, situated on top of cliffs 2 mi northeast of Weymouth. The River Jordan flows in the vicinity.

A tollhouse was once situated at the Overcombe corner from Lodmoor, along what was the turnpike road. It was operated by the Shorey family who ran a horse and cart public service. It was demolished in 1959. A block of flats were built in 1965, in place of a cafe. The Spyglass Inn at Overcombe was originally built in the 1930s as a cafe, before becoming the Embassy Hotel and later, the inn. There was once a golf course at Overcombe in the early 20th century. The painter John Constable had his honeymoon at Overcombe.

In the field north of Bowleaze Coveway road is Jordan Hill Roman Temple, which is the remains of a c. 4th century Romano-Celtic temple. In 1928, an important hoard of late 4th century Roman coins was unearthed at Weymouth Bay Estate. In October 2013, 19 swimmers swam in the 5 and a half hour Big Swim from Lulworth Cove to Overcombe Corner, raised £2,560 for the Dorchester Opportunity Group. Overcombe car park, run by the Weymouth and Portland Borough Council, has approximately 180 parking spaces.

In Popular Culture
Overcombe is the principal location for Thomas Hardy's 1880 novel 'The Trumpet-Major', which was set during the Napoleonic Wars. Overcombe also makes a brief cameo in Hardy's 1886 novel 'The Mayor Of Casterbridge' as one of the places from where came vans of carriers, which travelled in and out of Casterbridge.

title: Overcombe


text:
Category:Seattle Mariners players

This is a list of players who, at one point, played for Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.

title: Category:Seattle Mariners players


text:
User talk:Gleffler

yawn Gleffler 23:33, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Library3 ulm.jpg
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title: User talk:Gleffler


text:
Talk:Thor's Hammer (disambiguation)

Thor's Hammer is referred to as a codename for a WW2 nuclear scientist in the X Files, wonder if that is historical. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.19.166.251 (talk) 19:19, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

I wonder whether the extreme right is going to make it too controversial.--Wiglaf 15:32, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I think calling it controversial is silly. What right does ADL have to claim our cultural/historical heritage racist? Strange people..

This information is the exact same information already contained in the Mjolnir article. There's no reason for this to exist except, perhaps, as a redirect. Looking for comments one way or another. I'll wait a week before replacing. --GaidinBDJ 20:48, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think this article should remain (but I am the one who made it). The reason is that this article can be expanded and it does not deal with the same phenomenon as Mjolnir.--Wiglaf 20:30, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Because this article hasn't seen any development and remains a copy of material at Mjolnir, I'm going to redirect it to that article. --NormanEinstein 21:11, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think you're wrong. This article can and will be expanded. Why are you so anxious to redirect it?--Wiglaf 21:13, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not really anxious to redirect the article, but GaidenDB originally suggested the redirect 6 months ago and the article's status hasn't changed at all since then. I'm not too sure what you had planned for this page, but perhaps you can work it into section of the Mjolnir article since Mjolinr and Thor's Hammer are the same thing. (btw, that's a cute picture of your daugher on your userpage :-) --NormanEinstein 21:35, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks :). Well, I understand your point and I am not anxious about reverting your work. This pendant is quite a concept in Scandinavia and when I get around I will probably recreate the article, but more fully fleshed out.--Wiglaf 21:42, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thor's Hammer (disambiguation)


text: Category:Los Angeles Dodgers field personnel


text:
Owermoigne

Owermoigne is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England, situated 6 mi south-east of Dorchester. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 467. The parish is within an electoral ward with the same name, which stretches from the east side of the small coastal village of Ringstead north towards Owermoigne and then up to, but not including, Crossways. To the east it covers White Nothe, Holworth and Galton. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 3,804.

The parish was formerly part of the hundred of Winfrith, and subsequently constituted a liberty by itself.

Owermoigne village is described as Nether Moynton in the fictional Wessex of Thomas Hardy's novels and his short story The Distracted Preacher in Wessex Tales takes place in the village.

At Holworth is a small wooden church dedicated to St Catherine-by-the-Sea above Burning Cliff.

title: Owermoigne


text:
Category:Brooklyn Dodgers players

This category includes baseball players for the team known as the Brooklyn Dodgers (National League, 1911–12, 1932–57).

title: Category:Brooklyn Dodgers players


text:
Category:Baltimore Orioles players

 * This category includes players for the franchise that became the present Baltimore Orioles in 1954. It does not include players for earlier Baltimore Oriole teams: the American Association and National League team of the 19th Century; the American League team of 1901-'02 (now the New York Yankees); the Eastern and International leagues team; the St. Louis Browns (1902-1953), or the minor league Orioles of the 20th Century.

Other uses

 * Baltimore Orioles players (American Association, 1882–91)
 * Baltimore Orioles players (National League, 1892–99)
 * Baltimore Orioles players (American League, 1901–02)
 * Baltimore Orioles players (Eastern/International leagues, 1903–53)
 * Baltimore Canaries players
 * St. Louis Browns players

title: Category:Baltimore Orioles players


text: Category:Baltimore Orioles field personnel


text: Category:St. Louis Browns players

title: Category:St. Louis Browns players


text:
Beit Hanoun

Beit Hanoun or Beit Hanun (بيت حانون) is a Palestinian city on the northeast edge of the Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 52,237 in 2017. As a result of the ongoing Israel-Hamas war, Beit Hanoun has been militarily contested between the Hamas administration and Israel. Furthermore, the town has been entirely depopulated, and virtually all its structures have either been destroyed or rendered unusable due to extreme damage. The remains of Beit Hanoun are located by the Nahal-Hanun stream, 6 km away from the Israeli town of Sderot.

History

The Ayyubids defeated the Crusaders at a battle in Umm al-Nasser hill, just west of Beit Hanoun in 1239, and built the Umm al-Naser Mosque ("Mother of Victories Mosque") there in commemoration of the victory. A Mamluk post office was located in Beit Hanoun as well.

Ottoman era
Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Historic Palestine, Beit Hanoun appeared in the 1596 tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Gaza, part of Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 36 Muslim households and paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, fruit trees, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives; a total of 9,300 akçe.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Hanoun experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to survive settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighbouring villages. Beit Hanoun survived, and Pierre Jacotin named the village Deir Naroun on his map depicting Napoleon's Syrian campaign of 1799.

In 1838 Edward Robinson passed by and described how "all were busy with the wheat harvest; the reapers were in the fields; donkeys and camels were moving homewards with their high loads of sheaves; while on the threshing-floors near the village, I counted not less than thirty gangs of cattle." He further noted it as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district. In May 1863, the Victor Guérin visited the village. He observed indications of ancient constructions in the shape of cut stones, fragments of columns, and bases among the gardens. He further noted that the population consisted of "400 souls". Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Beit Hanoun had 94 houses and a population of 294. However, the population count included men only. Hartmann found that Bet Hanun had 95 houses.

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a small adobe village, "surrounded by gardens, with a well to the west. The ground is flat, and to the east is a pond beside the road."

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beit Hanoun had a population of 885 inhabitants, all Muslim, decreasing in the 1931 census to 849, still all Muslims, in 194 houses.

In the 1945 statistics, Beit Hanun had a population of 1,680 Muslims and 50 Jews, with 20,025 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 2,768 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 697 were plantations and irrigable land, 13,186 used for cereals, while 59 dunams were built-up land.

Egyptian occupation
In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the vicinity of Beit Hanoun, and later Beit Hanoun itself, served as an Israeli tactical wedge (Beit Hanoun wedge) to halt the movement of the Egyptian army from Ashkelon to forces to the south in the area that later became the Gaza Strip.

During the occupation, Egypt complained to the Mixed Armistice Commission that on the 7 and 14 October 1950, Israeli military forces had shelled and machine-gunned the Arab villages of Abasan al-Kabera and Beit Hanoun in Egyptian controlled territory of the Gaza Strip. According to Egypt, this action caused the death of seven and the wounding of twenty civilians.

Israeli occupation

According to the Palestinian Authority, 140 Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces in Beit Hanoun from September 2000 to November 2006.

The Israeli army besieged Beit Hanoun from 15 May to 30 June 2003, during which it demolished dozens of houses, razed large areas of agricultural land and largely destroyed the civilian infrastructure of the town. During the Raid on Beit Hanoun in 2004, the town was besieged for 37 days. About 20 Palestinians were killed, and again immense damage was caused to property and infrastructure. The infrastructure of Beit Hanoun was heavily damaged during an incursion by Israeli forces in 2005.

Palestinian administration
Following the removal of Israeli settlers from Gaza in August 2005, 19 Palestinian civilians were killed in the 2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun. In December 2006, the UN appointed a fact-finding commission led by Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu to investigate the attack. Despite initial difficulties accessing the area via Israel, the commission, led by legal scholar Christine Chinkin and South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, eventually entered Gaza through Egypt. Tutu's final report to the United Nations human rights council concluded that "[I]n the absence of a well-founded explanation from the Israeli military – who is in sole possession of the relevant facts – the mission must conclude that there is a possibility that the shelling of Beit Hanoun constituted a war crime."

On 27 March 2007, sewage water flooded the northern Umm al-Nasser suburb of Beit Hanoun, killing five people.

Shells and rockets hit Beit Hanoun was hit several times during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. The shelling of a UNWRA Elementary school by Israel killed 11–15 people, including women and children. The Israeli Defense forces claimed that "the IDF encountered heavy fire in vicinity of the school, including anti-tank missile... [and] that an errant mortar did indeed land in the empty courtyard of the school."

Israel-Hamas war
Israeli forces advanced on the city on 27 October 2023. By 12 November, the IDF advanced beyond the city, however, they continued to be attacked behind the frontlines due to a maintained presence of Saraya Al Quds and Al-Qassam militants. As a result of massive bombardment campaigns and the ground invasion, Beit Hanoun is believed to be entirely depopulated and destroyed, with destruction so extensive that it has been described as "no longer existing". On 18 December 2023, it was reported that Israeli forces had full control over Beit Hanoun and had destroyed Hamas’ Beit Hanoun Battalion.

However, local media claimed that on 24 December, Israeli forces left Beit Hanoun due to remaining Palestinian fighting in the city. IDF withdrawal was not confirmed by independent media. Civilians were seen tearing down Israeli flags that were flown in the city in late December.

On February 6, 2024 CNN reported that the IDF was again operating in Bait Hanoun and reporting that IDF troops had identified "four terrorist operatives trying to set up observation infrastructure in an attempt to restore intelligence-gathering capabilities" in Beit Hanoun and had launched a strike against them.

On 31 May 2024, the IDF once more ended up withdrawing from Beit Hanoun following the 20-day Battle of Jabalia.

Educational and health institutions
There were twelve secondary, primary and agricultural schools in Beit Hanoun and an agricultural college which is related to al-Azhar University - Gaza. There was a medical center and hospital in the city and several clinics mostly managed by the United Nations. All have been rendered unusable or destroyed during the 2023 Israel-Hamas war

Demographics
In 1922, Beit Hanoun had a population of 885. In 1931, the population slightly decreased to 849. The population then increased to 946 in 1938. Up to this point, the population had been entirely Muslim. The population increased again by 1945 to 1,730 (1,680 Muslims and 50 Jews). In 1961, the population rose to 3,876.

Beit Hanoun's residents have various origins, including people from Egypt, Kurds from Hebron, the Hauran (southwest Syria), Transjordan, and Bedouin communities.

In the first official census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Beit Hanoun had a population of 20,780. Over 90% of the residents were Palestinian refugees. There were 10,479 males and 10,301 females. People of 14 years of age or younger constituted the majority at 65.6%, people between the ages of 20 and 44 were 26.8%, 45 to 64 was 5.7%, and residents above the age of 65 were 1.9%.

As of mid-December 2023, as a result of the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, Beit Hanoun has been entirely depopulated, and virtually all its structures either destroyed or rendered unusable due to extreme damage.

title: Beit Hanoun


text:
Thrall

A thrall was a slave or serf in Scandinavian lands during the Viking Age. The status of slave (þræll, þēow) contrasts with that of the freeman (karl, ceorl) and the nobleman (jarl, eorl).

Etymology
Thrall is from the Old Norse, meaning a person who is in bondage or serfdom. The Old Norse term was lent into late Old English, as þræl. The term is from a Common Germanic ("runner", from a root  "to run"). Old High German had a cognate, dregil, meaning "servant, runner". The English derivation thraldom is of High Medieval date. The verb "to enthrall" is of Early Modern origin (metaphorical use from the 1570s, literal use from 1610).

The corresponding term in Old English was þēow (plural þēowas). The corresponding native term in Anglo-Saxon society was þeow (from Germanic, perhaps from a PIE root , "to run") A related Old English term is esne "labourer, hireling" (from Germanic, cognate with Gothic asneis "hireling", a derivation  from  "reward", from the same root as English earn).

The term was borrowed into Irish as thráill, where it is used interchangeably with sclábhaí which is a cognate of the English slave (likewise for Slav is disputed).

Thrall was known by similar words in other old languages (þræll, þræll, trælur, trell, træl, træl, träl). The Middle Latin rendition of the term in early Germanic law is servus.

Early Germanic law
The thrall represents the lowest of the three-tiered social order of the Germanic peoples, noblemen, freemen and slaves, in Old Norse jarl, karl and þræll (c.f. Rígsþula), in Old English corresponding to eorl, ceorl and þēow, in Old Frisian etheling, friling, lēt, etc. The division is of importance in the Germanic law codes, which make special provisions for slaves, who were property and could be bought and sold, but they also enjoyed some degree of protection under the law.

The death of a freeman was compensated by a weregild, usually calculated at 200 solidi (shillings) for a freeman, whereas the death of a slave was treated as loss of property to his owner and compensated depending on the value of the worker.

Society
Thralls were the lowest class of workers in Scandinavian society. They were Europeans who were enslaved by being prisoners of war, incurring debt or being born into the class via their parents. The living conditions of thralls in Scandinavia varied depending on the master. The thrall trade as the prize of plunder was a key part of the Viking economy. While there are some estimates of as many as thirty slaves per household, most families owned only one or two slaves.

In 1043, Hallvard Vebjørnsson, the son of a local nobleman in the district of greater Lier, was killed while he was trying to defend a thrall woman from men who accused her of theft. The Church strongly approved of his action, recognised him as a martyr and canonized him as Saint Hallvard, the patron saint of Oslo.

Despite the existence of a caste system, thralls could experience a level of social fluidity. They could be freed by their masters at any time, be freed in a will or even buy their own freedom. Once a thrall man was freed, he became a "freedman", or leysingi, a member of an intermediary group between slaves and freemen. He still owed allegiance to his former master and had to vote according to his former master's wishes. It took at least two generations for freedmen to lose the allegiance to their former masters and become full freemen. If a freedman had no descendants, his former master inherited his land and property.

While thralls and freedmen did not have much economic or political power in Scandinavia, they were still given a wergeld, or a man's price: there was a monetary penalty for unlawfully killing a slave.

The era of Viking raids resulting in the capture of slaves slowly started to end in the 11th century. In the following centuries, more thralls obtained their freedom, either by purchasing it or on the initiative of their masters, the Church or the secular authority.

title: Thrall


text:
Category:Philadelphia Phillies players

This category includes players for the franchise that became the present Philadelphia Phillies (1890 to present). It does not include players for other Philadelphia Phillie teams: See also
 * Philadelphia Quakers (1883–1889)
 * Philadelphia Phillies all-time roster

title: Category:Philadelphia Phillies players