text:
User talk:Hydrox/Archive 5

Your edit of factorization of polynomials over finite fields
I have used the "thank" option in the history menu, guessing that it would results in a message in your talk page. As it is not the case, I confirm it here: your phrasing is much better than mine. D.Lazard (talk) 13:27, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I saw it. The "thank" button sends a notification, which is a rather recent feature of the MediaWiki software. It also shows if someone reverts your edit etc. --hydrox (talk) 14:22, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Cookies
No, not the ones used by websites. Did you know your username is the same as a long-running U.S. brand of cookie? The Hydrox cookie actually preceded the Oreo brand, which is more widely known and very similar. When I was a kid eons ago my mom always got Hydrox, never Oreo.

Sca (talk) 16:56, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks Sca. My username actually predates my knowledge of the Hydrox cookie, it's a pure coincidence. A happy coincidence, I might add, because I actually like the Oreos/Hydrox type cookie. We just call them Dominos here in Finland :) I should definitely write the Domino (cookie) article (already available on fi-wiki) --hydrox (talk) 17:31, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * It looks like you never did, but I just did that for you, only a bit over seven years later. J I P  | Talk 22:00, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Turing
OK, thanks for that. I could block him myself, but since I am involved with the article, I'll leave it to ANI.  Jimfbleak -  talk to me?  06:33, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

Schumacher
Sorry for my previous edit on the Schumacher article I never realized it had already been mentioned. Thanks for correcting me.
 * No problem, mate. --hydrox (talk) 22:49, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Your edit to this article was written in clumsy English and badly spelled. Please leave a more instructive edit summary than "expand" before accusing anyone of rudeness. Britmax (talk) 23:01, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Can you fix it rather than just throwing it away with a comment that makes no sense? "corrupts reference list"?? --hydrox (talk) 23:03, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Now there I do seem to have erred, for which I apologise: the reference list further down the article was not displaying properly but this does not seem to have been caused by your edit and is OK now. Britmax (talk) 23:06, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Well good to know that I am not the only one who writes haphazard edit summaries then.. ;p Also, I used British spelling ("specialising") for reason – F1 aricles generally use British spelling. See WP:ENGVAR. --hydrox (talk) 23:10, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
 * And I do welcome corrections to my English. No one is perfect but the good thing about Wiki is that one can fix mistakes by others.. Information-wise my additions should be in order. --hydrox (talk) 23:14, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Name of picture
Thank you that you want to help me. The only link that I have is from other language Wikipedia with his picture and the link is that one: https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86 Hope that link will be useful. Sprayitchyo (talk) 18:21, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

Village pump (policy)
Because you have edited No consensus, your input is requested in the discussion at Village pump (policy). Cheers! bd2412 T 14:40, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Response to recent undid edits
I added that template because the articles talked about the legal status of the drugs. Seqqis (talk) 19:34, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

Adding images owned by photo agencies
Can you point me to that bit about "expressly prohibited" you mentioned at User_talk:Coat_of_Many_Colours. Thanks.

I see the file has already been speedily deleted. My defence was as follows:

This file should not be speedy deleted as having an invalid fair-use claim, because...

First of all the image was first published by The Times of South Africa on 16 February 2013 just two days after Reeva's death  in a story about her memorial service. It is clearly marked "File Photo" as a glance at the original page shows and as I made clear in the Fair Use rationale it was provided by her model agency (and subsequently widely reproduced the world over) as a mark of respect as existing photos of Reeva were for the most part glamour shots or otherwise unsuitable. As far as I know it was subsequently bought by Getty Images but that really isn't relevant regarding first publication rights that is the issue here.

However the speedy deletion criteria here seem to be out of date. WP:NFCI 10 states that "Pictures of deceased persons, in articles about that person, provided that ever obtaining a free close substitute is not reasonably likely" meets the criteria for fair use. The only issue thus is the question of replaceability which I deal with in the Fair Use criteria.

Incidentally WP:F7 is also out of date since WP:NFCI 8b has been around since at least 27 August 2011 when User:Future Perfect at Sunrise conceded that community consensus was that "object of commentary" is not sine qua non and laid down three principles for a more general application: " they must meet all aspects of WP:NFCC, particularly no free alternatives, respect for commercial opportunity, and contextual significance".

By all means tag this image for discussion, but a speedy delete is quite wrong. Coat of Many Colours (talk) 15:50, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
 * See WP:NFC section "Unacceptable use" point seven under images: "A photo from a press or photo agency (e.g., AP, Corbis or Getty Images), unless the photo itself is the subject of sourced commentary in the article."
 * You are right that the previous section would seem to allow the usage of this image. But this later section expressly prohibits usage of photo agency images even if the earlier section would seem to allow. This is to respect the commercial opportunities of the photo agency: their whole business is selling images for use in media, so Wikipedia can not just use these images and claim it's fair. --hydrox (talk) 15:57, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Cheers H (but don't you think the guidance should be clearer in the earlier sections?) It's not clear to me why Press Agencies should be in this special position. I see it was challenged at least as early as 2008 Wikipedia_talk:Non-free_content/Archive_37. I'm currently editing at Trial of Oscar Pistorius and following that I will retire from editing Wikipedia. If I have time in the meantime I'll try to research just how much consensus there really is on WP:NFC §7.Do you infact know when and where that consensus was reached?. Coat of Many Colours (talk) 20:15, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I have no idea when a consensus has been established, but to be honest, to me it's pretty obvious why we don't generally allow use of press agency photos under NFCC. Copyright exist to protect the commercial opportunities of the producer of an artistic work, such as a photograph. For example, generally only the copyright holder (the commercial benefactor) can allow someone to use the image on a website – usually in the form a license in exchange for money.
 * Some use can still be allowed under the "fair use" doctrine. NFCC are Wikipedia's interpretation of the US copyright's "fair use" doctrine. While fair use is a complicated legal doctrine, its core tenet is still the protection of the commercial opportunities of the copyright holder.
 * Here, the copyright holder is the photo agency. The photo agency is a business, that owns the copyright of (is the commercial benefactor to) a wide selection of photographs and other illustrations, and gets its revenue (commercial profits) by selling newspapers and other medias – like websites such as Wikipedia – licenses for use of those photographs as illustrations in their own articles.
 * To show what I mean, let's take a look at this article by The New York Times (NYT). It's about a tsunami in the Philippines. NYT is a newspaper: its business is the production of informative news articles about recent events, publishing those on the web and on printed paper, and then circulating those articles to as many people as possible. NYT gets its revenue from advertisements and subscriptions. To secure advertising and subscriptions NYT needs readers. To gain the interest of readers, NYT must produce high-quality articles. In addition to truthful and fair reporting, readers generally expect to see illustrations such as first hand photographs of the reported events.
 * To get an illustration of this event for the article, NYT could have sent – in addition to a journalist – a press photographer to the Philippines. Or, they could simply pay a commercial photo agency for an image to use with the article – which is exactly what they did (notice the text "Dennis M. Sabangan/European Pressphoto Agency" under the image).
 * Now, think if it was "fair use" for NYT simply to use the press agency photo for the article under "fair use", without a license. I hope you can see how this would quickly lead to each and every photo agency going bankrupt: Of course, NYT tries to produce the paper with minimal necessary cost, so they would never pay for the license to use press agency images – they would just each time claim fair use.
 * Consider that Wikipedia is no different under the law from NYT. Yes – we are mostly a non-profit, educational website – but under the law we are – and want to be – a commercial website just like NYT. This is so that anyone can use Wikipedia articles even as a part of a commercial product.
 * Hope you can now understand why we don't allow use of press agency images (there is the exception of when the image itself is famous, like Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima – then it's obviously necessary for the article to use the image to communicate about the image.) But use of images photo agency images to "spice up" articles that can stand on their own without using the image would be a violation of the commercial opportunities of a press agency, whose commercial enterprise is based entirely on the business of licensing images for this purpose. --hydrox (talk) 21:28, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

Hurricane

 * ''Rubin could take a man out with just one punch
 * But he never did like to talk about it all that much...
 * Sca (talk) 21:26, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

Vandalism
You have been vandalizing Finnbay page on purpose. Instead of changing the original article all the time, please put your thoughts on the Talk page. Your references are almost always biased and not include Finnbay side. This place is not a blog to harass companies but to provide independent objective information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Campsite55 (talk • contribs) 15:28, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I have already opened two discussions on the talk page, none of which you have replied to. --hydrox (talk) 15:35, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

1 - I am not related to them. 2 - I suspect you to be the attacker. 3 - Add your version on the talk page for further discussion as opposed to attack me or others. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Campsite55 (talk • contribs) 15:36, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Add your suggestions to talk page > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Finnbay — Preceding unsigned comment added by Campsite55 (talk • contribs) 15:42, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Who others? It's obvious that you are one and the same person who has been pushing for a viewpoint on this article from multiple IP addresses and now from behind this username.
 * You claim that you are not related to Finnbay. Then please explain [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finnbay&diff=604954184&oldid=604616907 this edit's summary], where you seem to indicate that you have represented Finnbay to ANSA?
 * I am an attacker? What do you find objectionable about my edits?
 * I am okay with adding Finnbay's viewpoint about the controversy to the article, if you can provide a source. --hydrox (talk) 15:46, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Again, please stop wasting both of our time with assumptions and attacks to everyone who edits the page besides you. Create your suggestions on the talk page and we go from there 1 by 1.

Article upgrade assistance request (Pre-translation stage)
Seasons Greetings,

This is in reference to a relatively new umbrella article on en-wikipedia named Ceremonial pole. Ceremonial pole is a human tradition since ancient times; either existed in past at some point of time, or still exists in some cultures across global continents from north to south & from east to west. Ceremonial poles are used to symbolize a variety of concepts in several different world cultures.

Through article Ceremonial pole we intend to take encyclopedic note of cultural aspects and festive celebrations around Ceremonial pole as an umbrella article and want to have historical, mythological, anthropological aspects, reverence or worships wherever concerned as a small part.

While Ceremonial poles have a long past and strong presence but usually less discussed subject. Even before we seek translation of this article in global languages, we need to have more encyclopedic information/input about Ceremonial poles from all global cultures and languages. And we seek your assistance in the same.

Since other contributors to the article are insisting for reliable sources and Standard native english; If your contributions get deleted (for some reason like linguistics or may be your information is reliable but unfortunately dosent match expectations of other editors) , please do list the same on Talk:Ceremonial pole page so that other wikipedians may help improve by interlanguage collaborations, and/or some other language wikipedias may be interested in giving more importance to reliablity of information over other factors on their respective wikipedia.

This particular request is being made to you since your user name is listed in Translators available list.

Thanking you with warm regards Mahitgar (talk) 05:34, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of International reactions to the 2011 Norway attacks for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article International reactions to the 2011 Norway attacks is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/International reactions to the 2011 Norway attacks& until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Obi-Wan Kenobi (talk) may the force be with you 21:30, 15 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

2010 Swedish election map
Hello, Hydrox. I see you have reverted my edit to Swedish general election, 2010 (the one in which I changed "aggravated" to "aggregated" in the caption for your image). I understand now that you use "aggravated" to describe the way the data has been processed, but to a casual reader who doesn't view the description of your image on Commons (or doesn't know what the Laplace distribution does), it looks like someone confused that word with "aggregated", as a natural conclusion to make is that the results for all of the parties that make up each bloc have been aggregated to produce results for the blocs. Would you mind if that was clarified a bit in the image caption in the article? Cranberry Products (talk) 18:03, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that's a very valid point. I struggled to find correct words when I added it to and still find it hard to desribe the "false persepctive" in short enough words for a caption. I now changed it to (colors aggravated, not linearly proportional), but feel free to change it if you can come up with better words. --hydrox (talk) 18:15, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I think that's about as good as it can be made while keeping the caption brief; the link to Linear function (calculus) makes it completely unambiguous what is being talked about. Thank you! Cranberry Products (talk) 18:30, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

Finnish in Soviet Union
Don't know anything about the ruble note, but I assume Finnish was official in the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic... AnonMoos (talk) 07:54, 20 May 2016 (UTC)
 * You're right, I wasn't aware of that. The republic existed from 1940 to 1956, so yes, probably some ruble notes had Finnish text after all. Thank you, I will undo the edit. --hydrox (talk) 00:18, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hydrox/Archive 5


text:
Csíkszék

Csíkszék was one of the Székely seats in the historical Székely Land.

It administered two sub-seats (Hungarian: fiúszék, Latin: sedes filialis), namely Gyergyószék and Kászonszék. It was divided on the natural borders of the region, as the main territory of Csíkszék lay in the valley of the Olt River, Gyergyószék lay in the valley of the river Maros (Mureș), while Kászonszék lay in the valley of the river Kászon (Cașin).

Population
The religious composition of Csíkszék's population in 1867 was as follows:

 * Roman Catholic: 96,525
 * Greek Catholic: 13,028
 * Eastern Orthodox: 17
 * Others: 1.667
 * Total: 111,237

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Csíkszék


text:
Novo Nordisk

Novo Nordisk A/S is a Danish multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Bagsværd with production facilities in nine countries and affiliates or offices in five countries. Novo Nordisk is controlled by majority shareholder Novo Holdings A/S which holds approximately 28% of its shares and a majority (77%) of its voting shares.

Novo Nordisk manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products and services, specifically diabetes care medications and devices. Its main product is the drug semaglutide, used to treat diabetes under the brand names Ozempic and Rybelsus and obesity under the brand name Wegovy. Novo Nordisk is also involved with hemostasis management, growth hormone therapy, and hormone replacement therapy. The company makes several drugs under various brand names, including Levemir, Tresiba, NovoLog, Novolin R, NovoSeven, NovoEight, and Victoza.

Novo Nordisk employs more than 48,000 people globally, and markets its products in 168 countries. The corporation was created in 1989, through a merger of two Danish companies, which date back to the 1920s. The Novo Nordisk logo is the Apis bull, one of the sacred animals of ancient Egypt, denoted by the hieroglyph 𓃒. Novo Nordisk is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA).

The company was ranked 25th among Fortune's 100 Best Companies to Work For in 2010, and subsequently ranked 72nd in 2014 and 73rd in 2017. In January 2012, Novo Nordisk was named the most sustainable company in the world by the business magazine Corporate Knights, while spin-off company Novozymes was named fourth. It is a leader in the FTSE4Good Index, and the only European company in the top ten. Novo Nordisk is the largest pharmaceutical company in Denmark. Novo Nordisk's market capitalization exceeded the GDP of Denmark's domestic economy in 2023, and it is the highest valued company in Europe.

1923
Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium commercialises the production of insulin.

1982–1994
The company established its presence in the United States in 1982.

In 1986, Novo Industri A/S acquired the Ferrosan Group, now named as "Novo Nordisk Pharmatech A/S."

In 1989, Novo Industri A/S (Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium) and Nordisk Gentofte A/S (Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium) merged to become Novo Nordisk A/S, the world's largest producer of insulin with headquarters in Bagsværd, Copenhagen.

In 1991, Novo Nordisk Engineering (now NNE A/S) demerged after working as in-house consultants at Novo Nordisk for years, to provide standard engineering services (end-to-end engineering) to pharma manufacturing companies.

In 1994, Novo Nordisk's existing information technology units was spun out as NNIT A/S. The company was converted into a wholly owned aktieselskab in 2004 In March 2015, NNIT was floated on the Nasdaq Nordic.

2000–2018
Novo's enzymes business, Novozymes A/S, was spun-out in 2000.

Novo acquired Xellia for $700 million in 2013.

The same year, Novo Nordisk USA moved into new headquarters offices in Plainsboro Township, New Jersey, by way of extensively renovating abandoned premises. This action served to consolidate several facilities that the company had previously had in Plainsboro.

In 2015, the company announced it would collaborate with Ablynx, using its nanobody technology to develop at least one new drug candidate.

In January 2018, Reuters reported that Novo had offered to acquire Ablynx for $3.1 billion - having made an unreported offer in mid-December for the company. However, the Ablynx board rejected this offer the same day, explaining that the price undervalued the business. Ultimately Novo lost out to Sanofi who bid $4.8 billion. Later, in the same year, the company announced it would acquire Ziylo for around $800 million.

2020–present
In March 2020, Novo volunteers started testing samples for SARS-CoV-2 with RT-qPCR equipment in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic to increase available test capacity. In June, the business announced it would acquire AstraZeneca's spin-off Corvidia Therapeutics for an initial sum of $725 million (up to a performance-related maximum of $2.1 billion), boosting its presence in cardiovascular diseases. In November, the company announced it would acquire Emisphere Technologies for $1.8 billion, gaining control of a pill-based treatment for diabetes. In December, Novo announced it would acquire Emisphere Technologies for $1.35 billion.

In November 2021, Novo announced it would acquire Dicerna Pharmaceuticals and its RNAi therapeutics, for $3.3 billion ($38.25 per share).

In September 2022, Novo agreed to acquire Forma Therapeutics for $1.1 billion with the intent to expand its sickle cell disease and rare blood disorders portfolio.

By 2022 the popularity of Novo's Wegovy and Ozempic for weight loss was so great as to significantly increase growth of the entire economy of Denmark. In fact, two-thirds of Denmark's overall economic growth in 2022 was attributed to the pharmaceutical industry.

The company's profits increased by 45% year over year in the first half of 2023. Most of the growth occurred from its weight loss drugs, Wegovy and Ozempic, which accounted for 55% of the company's 2023 revenue.

In August 2023, Novo agreed to acquire the Montreal-headquartered pharmaceutical company, Inversago Pharma for $1 billion and Embark Biotech for up to $500 million. In October 2023, the company announced it would acquire ocedurenone—an experimental drug for uncontrolled hypertension and potentially beneficial in treating cardiovascular and kidney diseases—from KBP Biosciences for $1.3 billion.

In November 2023, Novo Nordisk announced investment of €2.1 billion in a French production facility to increase the production capacity and manufacturing of its popular anti-obesity medication.

In February 2024, parent company Novo Holdings A/S agreed to acquire Catalent for $16.5billion. On completion, Novo Nordisk said it would acquire three manufacturing facilities from its parent for $11billion to scale up production to meet the demand of Wegovy and Ozempic.

In March 2024 Novo Nordisk reached $604B market cap and became 12th most valuable company in the world. Company's stock jumped to a record high after early trial data showed positive results for its new experimental weight loss pill Amycretin. The company also announced it would acquire Cardior Pharmaceuticals and its cardiovascular disease portfolio for up to $1.1 billion. In May, the company announced it would acquire Australian fluid management service business, Single Use Support.

In June 2024 the company announced plans to build a new production plant in Clayton, North Carolina, at a cost of $4.1 billion. It will be the company's fourth in the state of North Carolina and used for production of semaglutide products Ozempic and Wegovy.

Acquisition history

 * Novo Nordisk A/S
 * Xellia (Acq 2013)
 * Ziylo (Acq 2018)
 * Corvidia Therapeutics (Acq 2020)
 * Emisphere Technologies (Acq 2020)
 * Dicerna Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2021)
 * Forma Therapeutics (Acq 2022)
 * Inversago (Acq 2023)
 * Embark Biotech (Acq 2023)
 * Catalent (Acq 2024)
 * Aptuit (Acq 2012)
 * Micron Technologies (Acq 2014)
 * Pharmatek Laboratories (Acq 2016)
 * Cook Pharmica (Acq 2017)
 * Juniper Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2018)
 * Paragon Bioservices Inc (Acq 2019)
 * MaSTherCell (Acq 2020)
 * Rheincell Therapeutics (Acq 2021)
 * Bettera Holdings LLC (Acq 2021)

Toxicogenomics
Novo Nordisk is involved in government funded collaborative research projects with other industrial and governmental partners. One example in the area of non-clinical safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox. The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations and the European Commission.

Diabetic work
Novo Nordisk founded the World Diabetes foundation to save the lives of those affected by diabetes in developing countries and supported a UN (United Nations) resolution to fight diabetes, making diabetes the only other disease along with HIV / AIDS that the UN has a commitment to combat.

Diabetic treatments account for 85% of Novo Nordisk's business. Novo Nordisk works with doctors, nurses, and patients, to develop products for self-managing diabetes conditions. The DAWN (Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs) 2001 study was a global survey of the psychosocial aspects of living with diabetes. It involved over 5,000 people with diabetes and almost 4,000 care providers. This study was designed to identify barriers to optimal health and quality of life. A follow-up study completed in 2012 involved more than 15,000 people living with, or caring for, those with diabetes. In response to British findings, a National Action Plan (NAP) was developed, with a multidisciplinary steering committee, to support the delivery of individualised person-focused care in the United Kingdom. The NAP seeks to provide a holistic approach to a diabetic treatment for patients and their families.

The i3-diabetes programme is a collaboration between the King's Health Partners, one of only six Academic Health Sciences Centres (AHSCs) in England, and Novo Nordisk. The programme is a five-year collaboration designed to deliver personalised care that will lead to improved outcomes for people living with diabetes, and more efficient and effective ways of caring for people with diabetes.

Diabetic support advocacy
Novo Nordisk have sponsored the International Diabetes Federation's Unite for Diabetes campaign.

In March 2014, Novo Nordisk announced a partnership program entitled ‘Cities Changing Diabetes,’ which entails combating urban diabetes. Partnership includes University College London (UCL) and supported by Steno Diabetes Center, as well as a range of local partners including healthcare professionals, city authorities, urban planners, businesses, academics and community leaders.

A November 2014 newspaper article, suggested that a recent medical research breakthrough at Harvard University (creating insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells) could potentially put Novo Nordisk out of business. Dr Alan Moses, the chief medical officer of Novo Nordisk, commented that the biology of diabetes is incredibly complex, but also that Novo Nordisk's mission is to alleviate and cure diabetes. If this new medical advance "...meant the dissolution of Novo Nordisk, that'd be fine."

In September 2023, Novo Nordisk and UNICEF announced a multi-year expansion of their collaboration to address childhood overweight and obesity.

Research and pipeline
Novo Nordisk was researching pulmonary delivery systems for diabetic medications, and in the early stages of research into autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, using technologies such as translational immunology and monoclonal antibodies. In September 2014, the company announced a decision to discontinue all research in inflammatory disorders, including the discontinuation of R&D in anti-IL-20 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

In September 2018, it was reported that the company would lay off 400 administrative staff, laboratory technicians and scientists, in Denmark and China in order to concentrate research and development efforts on “transformational biological and technological innovation”.

Controversies
In 2010, Novo Nordisk breached the code of conduct for Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), by failing to provide information about side-effects of Victoza and by promoting Victoza prior to being granted market authorisation.

In 2013, Novo Nordisk had to pay back dkk3.6billion to the Danish tax authorities due to transfer mispricing.

In March 2013, a debate emerged in which scientists questioned whether the incretin class of diabetic medications – the class to which Victoza belongs – had an increased risk of side effects in the pancreas such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. It was concluded that data currently available did not confirm these concerns.

In October 2013, batches of NovoMix 30 FlexPen and Penfill insulin were recalled in some European countries as their analysis had shown that a small percentage of the products in these batches did not meet the specifications for insulin strength.

In September 2017, Novo Nordisk agreed to pay $58.7 million to end a United States Department of Justice probe into the lack of FDA disclosure to doctors about the cancer risk for their diabetic drug, Victoza.

In March 2023, Novo Nordisk was suspended from the ABPI for a period of two years, for engaging in misleading marketing practices that amounted to "bribing health professionals with inducement to prescribe". This is only the eighth time in the last 40 years that ABPI sanctioned a member organization. Consequently, the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Royal College of Physicians ended their corporate partnerships as it would be in breach of their ethical guidance. The Novo Nordisk UK General Manager, Pinder Sahota, chose to resign as President of the ABPI prior to the suspension.

In 2024 Novo Nordisk drug pricing in the US has been a target of lawmakers, including Senator Bernie Sanders and the Senate committee Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP). The committee investigation found Novo Nordisk's drug Ozempic priced for $969 per month in the US, compared to $155 in Canada and $59 in Germany. Its weight-loss drug Wegovy is priced for $1,349 per month in the US compared to $140 in Germany and $92 in the UK. In July 2024, US President Joe Biden joined Sanders in stating "Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly must stop ripping off Americans with high high drug prices."

Sponsorships and pitchpeople

Novo Nordisk has sponsored athletes with diabetes, such as Charlie Kimball in auto racing and Team Novo Nordisk in road cycling.

As of the 2010s, Anthony Anderson (star of Black-ish) serves as a pitchman for Novo Nordisk, and featured in the company's television advertisements which aired in the US.

title: Novo Nordisk


text:
Ariete

The C1 Ariete (battering ram, ram) is a 3rd generation main battle tank of the Italian Army, developed by Consorzio Iveco Oto Melara (CIO), a consortium formed by IVECO and OTO Melara. The chassis and engine were produced by Iveco, while the turret and fire-control system were supplied by OTO Melara. The vehicle carries the latest optical and digital-imaging and fire-control systems, enabling it to fight day and night and to fire on the move. Six prototypes were developed by 1988, which were subject to intensive testing. The following year the vehicles travelled a combined 16,000 km. Deliveries were first planned for 1993, and took place in 1994 due to delays. Final delivery occurred 7 years later in August 2002.

Design
The tank has a conventional layout similar to other Western MBTs: a driver located at the front of the hull, the fighting compartment towards the middle, and the engine compartment in the rear of the hull.

Armament
The Ariete's main armament is 120 mm smoothbore gun, designed by OTO Breda, similar to the Rheinmetall L/44. The gun fires most NATO-standard rounds of the same calibre. It carries 42 rounds, 15 ready rounds are stored vertically on the left side of the main gun breech. The other 27 are stowed in a hull rack to the left of the driver's station. The gun barrel has a thermal insulating sleeve and a fume extractor; it is fully stabilized in both azimuth and elevation by an electro-hydraulic drive system.

Secondary armament consists of a 7.62 mm MG 42/59 coaxial machine gun operated by the tank gunner or commander and an additional 7.62 mm MG 42/59 configured as an anti-aircraft weapon operated by the main-gun loader from his hatch.

Fire control and target acquisition
The tank's advanced fire-control system, manufactured by Galileo Avionica, is designated OG14L3 TURMS, and includes day and night panoramic capability for the commander's SP-T-694 primary sight (developed collaboratively by SFIM/Galileo), a stabilized platform including a thermal gunner's sight and a laser rangefinder to increase accuracy and expedite target detection and targeting, and a digital fire-control computer, which is capable of measuring wind speed, humidity, and exterior weather conditions, combining them with the turret's angle of elevation, attitude, and the barrel's physical wear to increase accuracy.

This computer is also a component of the tank's navigation system and allows for the exchange of tactical information between vehicles in a network. The Ariete has a "hunter-killer" capability in which the commander spots and designates targets for the gunner in a 360° field of vision around the vehicle without changing his position or having to open the turret hatch for visual identification of targets. The commander's sight also has a vertical traverse from –10° to +60° from the horizontal, which allows the tank to engage low-flying airborne threats—primarily helicopters. During night fighting, the commander and gunner both share the thermal sight which is able to resolve a 2.3×x2.3 m target from a distance of 1,500 m.

Crew and tank protection
The Ariete's armour is a steel and composite blend, the turret front shape is similar to the British Challenger 1 and the American M1 Abrams.

The Ariete features two side-mounted, electronically fired GALIX 80mm grenade launchers. Each launcher consists of four 80 mm barrels which can be intermixed with either smoke or chaff grenades. The smoke grenades are capable of shrouding the tank from visual or thermal detection, while the chaff grenades disperse the tank's radar cross section. The tank is fully NBC protected.

Powerplant and drivetrain
The Ariete is powered by a 25.8-litre Fiat-Iveco MTCA turbo-diesel V12 rated at 937 kW at 2,300 rpm, with a maximum torque of 4615 Nm at 1,600 rpm driving through a ZF LSG3000 automatic transmission, with four forward gears and two reverse, allowing for a top cruising speed of 65 km/h and a 0–32 km/h acceleration in 6 seconds. The computer-controlled transmission allows it to climb grades rated up to 60%, and can ford waterways of up to 1.25 m on-the-fly. The entire engine and transmission assembly can be replaced in under 1 hour.

The Ariete's independent suspension system consists of 14 torsion bars with suspension arms, 10 hydraulic shock absorbers (installed on roadwheels numbers 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7), and 14 friction dampers.

Further development

During the first years of adoption, the Ariete MBT showed some deficiencies regarding the powerplant. While the original V12 1,250 hp FIAT-Iveco MTCA (Modular Turbo-Charged Aftercooler) was a coupling of two of the V6 engines used by several Italian Army vehicles such as the B1 Centauro tank destroyer and the Dardo IFV, it produced less power than the most advanced contemporary western designs. The Ariete's engine had to run at a high RPM to perform well, thus reducing the operating time between failures.

Moreover, to retain a good power-to-weight ratio, the total weight of the tank had to be kept below 60 tonnes. The relatively light weight of the Ariete helped lower consumption and facilitated the transport and mobility of the MBT (especially over bridges). This was obtained partially at the expense of the thickness of the armour that, only partially compensated by the good ballistic shape of the vehicle, raised some doubt about its ability to survive in the harshest environments.

As an improvement, Iveco developed a new version of the MTCA engine. The stroke was lengthened, increasing displacement to 30 litres, with a new common rail direct fuel injection system along a new double turbocharger, increasing power output to 1600 hp at 1,800 rpm (with an electronically reduced torque of 5,500 N·m, maintained from 1,100 to 1,800 rpm to reduce damage to the transmission) and further reducing fuel consumption. The new engine had to be adopted during the first general revision of the existing vehicles, but seems to have been blocked by technical and financial problems. As for the armour, Oto Melara developed two different sets (with different thickness levels, depending upon mission nature) of adjunctive armour, shown for the first time at Eurosatory 2002.

Ariete AMV
In the early 2000s, the Italian Army was interested in developing a new version of Ariete (C2 Ariete or Ariete Mk. 2 designations were considered) which would enter service over the following years with the planned acquisition of 300 units. Budget limitations drastically reduced the number of improved Ariete (order reduced to 200) and eventually caused the subsequent cancellation of the program. The planned improvements were therefore to be applied to the C1 Ariete during the future major revisions.

The Ariete AMV is a mid life update (Ammodernamento di Mezza Vita) of the Ariete for 125 units and includes:

 * Upgraded IVECO V12 MTCA with common-rail injection and 1,500 hp (1,103 kW)
 * Upgraded transmission
 * New tracks
 * New electronics and optronics (LOTHAR SD for the gunner, Multispectral ATTILA D for the commander)
 * Add-on armor and mine protection
 * Integration of SICCONA battlefield management system
 * Ariete AMV was scheduled to receive upgrades, adding more hull and turret armor + improved optics (August 2023).

Operators

Each tank battalion fields three tank companies with thirteen Ariete each and two Ariete for the battalion commander and the deputy commander.

 * Italian Army – 200
 * Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi"
 * 4th Tank Regiment (31st Tank Battalion "M.O. Andreani"), in Persano
 * Armored Brigade "Ariete"
 * 32nd Tank Regiment (3rd Tank Battalion "M.O. Galas"), in Tauriano
 * 132nd Tank Regiment (8th Tank Battalion "M.O. Secchiaroli"), in Cordenons
 * Italian Army Cavalry School
 * Italian Army Transport and Materiel School

title: Ariete


text:
Tunbridge ware

Tunbridge ware is a form of decoratively inlaid woodwork, typically in the form of boxes, that is characteristic of Tonbridge and the spa town of Royal Tunbridge Wells in Kent in the 18th and 19th centuries. The decoration typically consists of a mosaic of many very small pieces of different coloured woods that form a pictorial vignette. Shaped rods and slivers of wood were first carefully glued together, then cut into many thin slices of identical pictorial veneer with a fine saw. Elaborately striped and feathered bandings for framing were pre-formed in a similar fashion.

There is a collection of Tunbridge ware in the Tunbridge Wells Museum and Art Gallery in Tunbridge Wells.

History
The famous makers of Tunbridge ware were in the Tunbridge Wells area of Kent; their most notable work was from about 1830 to 1900.

Early makers of Tunbridge ware, in Tunbridge Wells in the mid 18th century, were the Burrows family, and Fenner and Co. In the 19th century, around 1830, James Burrows invented a technique of creating mosaics from wooden tesserae. Henry Hollamby, apprenticed to the Burrows family, set up on his own in 1842 and became an important manufacturer of Tunbridge ware, employing about 40 people. Edmund Nye (1797–1863) and his father took over the Fenner company when William Fenner retired in 1840, after 30 years in partnership with him. Thomas Barton (1819–1903), previously apprenticed at the Wise factory, joined the Nyes in 1836, and worked as Nye's designer; he took over the business in 1863 and continued there until his death.

In Tonbridge (near to Tunbridge Wells), George Wise (1703–1779) is known to have had a business in 1746. It continued with his son Thomas, and Thomas's nephew George (1779–1869), who took over in 1806. In its early years the company made articles such as workboxes and tea caddies with prints of popular views; later items had pictures created from mosaics. Their workshop in Tonbridge, Wise's Tunbridge Ware Manufactory, was next to the Big Bridge over the Medway; the building was demolished in 1886 to widen the approach to the bridge.

Tunbridge ware became popular with visitors to the spa town of Tunbridge Wells, who bought them as souvenirs and gifts. Articles included cribbage boards, paperweights, writing slopes, snuff boxes and glove boxes.

At the Great Exhibition of 1851, Tunbridge ware by Edmund Nye, Robert Russell and Henry Hollamby was shown; Edmund Nye received a commendation from the judges for his work. He exhibited a table depicting a mosaic of a ship at sea; 110,800 tesserae were used in making the picture.

The manufacturers of Tunbridge ware were cottage industries, and they were no more than nine in Tunbridge Wells and one in Tonbridge. The number declined in the 1880s; competent craftsmen were hard to find, and public tastes changed. After the death of Thomas Barton in 1903 the only surviving firm was Boyce, Brown and Kemp, which closed in 1927.

Techniques
Marquetry was an old technique which was continued by Nye and Barton to create images such as birds or butterflies. Stickware and half-square mosaic was invented by James Burrows in about 1830: a bunch of wooden sticks of different colours, each having triangular or diamond-shaped cross section, were tightly glued together; in the case of stickware, the resulting block was dried, then turned to form an article such as the base of a pincushion. For half-square mosaic, thin slices were taken from the composite block, and applied to a surface.

Tesselated mosaic, was a development by James Burrows of half-square mosaic; it was adopted by George Wise and Edmund Nye. Minute tesserae were used to form a wide variety of geometric and pictorial designs.

Many sorts of wood were used for the various colours; about 40 were in regular use. Only natural colours were used; green was provided by "green oak", produced by the action of fungus on fallen oak. Designs for articles were often taken from designs of Berlin wool work.

title: Tunbridge ware


text:
Johan Steyn, Baron Steyn

Johan van Zyl Steyn, Baron Steyn, PC (15 August 1932 – 28 November 2017) was a South African-British judge, until September 2005 a Law Lord. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.

Early life and education
Steyn was born in Stellenbosch in the Union of South Africa, the son of Janet Lacey Blignaut and Izak van Zyl Steyn, a professor of law at the University of Stellenbosch. His father died before he turned three years old and he subsequently were sent to live with his paternal grandparents. He received his schooling at the Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck in Cape Town where he matriculated in 1950. He studied law at the University of Stellenbosch before reading Law as a Rhodes Scholar at University College, Oxford.

Career
He was called to the Bar in South Africa in 1958 and appointed a Senior Counsel of the Supreme Court of South Africa in 1970. As a result of his opposition to apartheid in his native South Africa, he settled in the UK in 1973, joining the English Bar and building a distinguished international commercial law practice.

He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1979 and was appointed a High Court Judge in 1985, receiving the customary knighthood, a surprise appointment by the then Conservative Lord Chancellor Lord Hailsham. He served as presiding judge of the Northern Circuit from 1989 to 1991 and was appointed Lord Justice of Appeal in 1992.

On 11 January 1995 he was elevated to a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baron Steyn, of Swafield in the County of Norfolk. As a Law Lord he achieved prominence for his liberal views and espousal of human rights. He was a fierce critic of Augusto Pinochet's claim to stand immune from prosecution. His record of open criticism of Camp X-Ray at Guantanamo Bay led to pressure from the UK government that he make himself unavailable for the hearing on the indefinite detention of suspects under the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 that began on 4 October 2004. The decision in the latter case caused the government to review its policy of indefinite detention of terror suspects and led to the equally controversial Terrorism Bill 2005. His judicial work in the House of Lords has been instrumental in weaving the Human Rights Act 1998 into the fabric of English law. He also drew upon his background as a commercial lawyer.

His Hart Lecture of May 2000 was influential in its criticism of Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart, a landmark decision of the House of Lords on the use of legislative history in statutory interpretation.

He was one of the few senior judges to support calls for modernisation of the English legal system and abolition of the role of Lord Chancellor. While a Lord of Appeal he refrained from speaking in the House, instead expressing his views on democracy and human rights through judgments and lectures.

He retired as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary on 30 September 2005. Jonathan Mance was elevated from Lord Justice of Appeal on 1 October 2005 to replace him. Since his retirement he was for a period the chairman of the human rights organisation JUSTICE and was vocal in his criticism of Tony Blair's government and its approach to human rights. He had expressed grave misgivings over the proposed powers to allow detention without trial and about the use of existing anti-terror powers.

Personal life
Steyn married Jean Pollard (1933–2023) in 1958. The couple had four children, Martin, Deon, Linda and Karen Steyn. Their daughter Dame Karen Steyn was appointed a High Court judge in 2019.

After his first marriage ended in divorce in 1959, Steyn married Susan Heard (née Lewis) in 1977.

Steyn had eight grandchildren (from his first marriage) and three stepgrandchildren (from his second marriage).

He died in 2017. On 10 October 2021 as part of the traditional 'Wigs and Mitres Service' lecture at Lincoln's Inn Chapel his ashes were interred there.

Famous judgments

 * R v Bournewood Community and Mental Health NHS Trust Ex p. L [1999] 1 AC 458
 * R (Jackson) v Attorney General [2006] 1 AC 262 - controversial comments on parliamentary supremacy and its common law foundations (and the possibility for the courts to invalidate unconstitutional statutes)
 * MacLean v Arklow Investments Ltd [2000] 1 WLR 594 (Privy Council)
 * Barclays Bank plc v Quincecare Ltd [1992] 4 All ER 363
 * R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Pierson [1998] AC 539. The Home Secretary cannot impose a harsher punishment than what was originally imposed, had it been done on the correct basis.

title: Johan Steyn, Baron Steyn


text:
Talk:Willem Janszoon

Untitled
Please edit this and add some information About Willem Jansz Please note that the name of the gentleman in question is Willem Janszoon.(pronounced Yahns- zone) Jansz. is the abbreviation that was common in the 17th century in Holland but not there-after, in 17th century documents one finds the name Jansz. note the dot (.). Unless the Wikipedia, known as bit old fashioned and there is nothing wrong with that..., is still in the deliborate custom of abbreviating surnames (such as Say Abraham Linc.), you must change this. Compare currently us writing the notion "etc." there is a dot behind it, but when PRONOUNCED we say Et Cetera. Everybody knows that. Similarly everybody knew in 17th century Holland that when pronounced on says Janszoon. So unless we operate in a society that knows that Jansz. Cornelisz. etc to mean Janszoon, Corneliszoon, etc. we should write the full name, if only out of respect for the historical figures who were the first to map a coast of Australia. (Do you write Christopher Culumb.!? You don't: Janszoon was his historical collegue, so why sort him out like that?)) Regards, Peter Reynders, Canberra (where there is a Jansz. Monument), Australia If you do not share my priciples here, OK; but at least add the dot.

Propose move to Willem Janszoon
I agree with the above, that his 'proper' name should be Willem Janszoon, not Willem Jansz which is an abbreviation. As far as his name is recognised today by English speakers, both forms seem to be in roughly equal usage, tho' perhaps favouring Janszoon. Therefore, I intend to move this article to Willem Janszoon, and have this page redirect there, and will do so in about another five days' time, if there is no further objection raised here.--cjllw | TALK  02:48, 2005 July 13 (UTC)

I have now moved the main article to Willem Janszoon. --cjllw | TALK  02:52, 2005 July 26 (UTC)

anon comment (transferred from Willem Jansz)
Good article about Janszoon, including the explanation that that's his full name and that Jansz (as some non-Dutch historians called him) is the abbreviation (=abbreviated patronymic), so not wrong but confusing and for english readers misleading in the sense they do not recognise it as an abbreviation and that his name is a two syllable word. (compare JFK. Deviating. Good also as it is this year 400 years ago that he landed in Australia. I would like to propose that the VOC (Vereenigde oost-indische Compagnie) be translated with the United East-Indies Company, as that is what it means (with or without indicating they were Dutch or 'from The Netherlands'), rather than the Dutch East India Company. When the company was formed ( 1602) it combined a number of smaller companies and pooled its capabilites, spread over 6 towns. Hence the 'United' part. They were targeting the east-indies, particlularly the spice islands, not what we know to be East india, even though later the Company developed trade at the Coromandel Coast and much of Asia, from Persia to Japan. Indeed the Dutch notion 'Oost-indie', does sometimes refer to the Far East in general and to the Indonesian Archipellago in particular. It does not refer to the east of India specifically. Even though there had been an (English) East India Company founded some 14 months earlier and it may have had an influence on the format or timing, the English company clearly named itself after what was known as East India, rather than the east indies or so I understand. So to translate the Dutch name to English by bringing in the word Dutch and remove the 'united' bit then have it aligned with the EIC in its engish naming seems rather incorrect. It looses some depth and meaning of the name. Not that I loose sleep about it. peter reynders —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.129.39.225 (talk • contribs) 28 January 2006

VOC
"Nothing is known of Willem Janszoon's early life. He is first recorded as entering into the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a mate aboard the Hollandia, part of the second fleet dispatched by the Dutch to the Dutch East Indies in 1598."

This is not possible, the VOC was founded in 1602. Therefore he must have been in the service of one of the pre-companies. unfortunately I have no idea which one. EDIT: Now i do have an idea, the Hollandia wsa sent out by the Oude Compagnie. Zotlan

Incorrect Image
The image provided is not Willem Janszoon the navigator, it is Willem Janszoon Blaeu, the cartographer - it says so right on the image. It should be removed but I don't know how to do it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GeographicusMaps (talk • contribs) 21:15, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for noticing. Removed. Aridd (talk) 11:42, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

Agreed, that image is the cartographer Willem Janszoon Blaeu - 9 years, on, it's still the incorrect image, kvalvik — Preceding unsigned comment added by 240F:39:FFAA:1:8450:8166:539A:C5A (talk) 13:36, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Date of discovery of Australia
As Willem Jansz's logbook was lost, how can we be sure that the landing at the Pennefather River was actually 26 February 1606, as shown in the article? Some authors on the topic have either suggested that it might be early March, or have omitted it altogether. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brutus johns (talk • contribs) 00:56, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Willem Janszoon


text:
User:ANEES KHAN

MY NAME IS ANEES KHAN. I AM WORKING AS A PHYSICS LECTURER. I AM VERY INTERESTED IN THE RESEARCHES RELATED WITH LIGHT, AND LIGHT PROPOGATING MEDIUM PREVIOUSLY CALLED AS LUMINIFEROUS ETHER. I WANT TO RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF ETHER TO KNOW ITS NATURE AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN ITS DETECTION!

title: User:ANEES KHAN


text:
Charles Lahr

Charles Lahr (27 July 1885 – 15 August 1971), born Carl Lahr, was a German-born anarchist, London bookseller and publisher.

Lahr was born at Bad Nauheim in the Rhineland, the eldest of 15 children in a farming family. He left Germany in 1905 to avoid military service and went to London, England where he lived until his death in 1971.

In London he encountered the anarchist Guy Aldred (1886–1963), while working as a baker. He was soon (1907) under police observation. He joined the Industrial Workers of the World in 1914; at that time he had a bookshop in Hammersmith.

In 1915 he was interned for four years as an enemy alien in Alexandra Palace. In 1920-22 he was briefly a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain; he was excluded from membership in October 1922 on the grounds of 'political unreliability'. His interest in politics led him to befriend many left-wing thinkers, several of whom went on to establish important left-wing groups in the UK. In 1921 he took over the Progressive Bookshop, in Red Lion Street, Holborn. From there he would branch out into publishing, and establish many literary friendships (including H. E. Bates, Rhys Davies, T. F. Powys) and D. H. Lawrence. At one point when Lahr was in financial difficulties his writer friends gathered a collection of stories together and published these as Charles Wain (1933).

He married in 1922 Esther Argeband, (at that time Archer), whom he had met at the Charlotte Street Socialist Club. She was a Jewish factory worker from East London. They were close friends of William Roberts, the artist, and his wife, and William's portrait of Esther is in the Tate Gallery.

From 1925 to 1927 Lahr published The New Coterie literary and artistic magazine. In 1931 he founded the Blue Moon Press, a small press; amongst the books he published was the first edition of a small book of poems by D. H. Lawrence called Pansies. In subsequent misfortunes Lahr was convicted in 1935 on a charge of receiving stolen books, and was sentenced to 6 months in prison. He was interned again in the Second World War. Lahr believed the internments was based on his German background and anarchist beliefs.

In a short story from Something Short and Sweet (published 1937), H. E. Bates describes the court case with Lahr called "Oscar" in the story. The bookshop was bombed in 1941. He moved its premises several times in London.

He died at home in Muswell Hill, London on 15 August 1971. His funeral was attended by many representatives from left wing groups in the UK. His granddaughter is Esther Leslie.

Lahr's papers are held by the University of London.

title: Charles Lahr


text:
Fred Buscaglione

Ferdinando "Fred" Buscaglione (23 November 1921 – 3 February 1960) was an Italian singer and actor who became very popular in the late 1950s. His public persona – the character he played both in his songs and his movies – was of a humorous mobster with a penchant for whisky and women.

Biography
Ferdinando Buscaglione was born in Turin, Italy on 23 November 1921. The father was a painter and the mother a porter and piano teacher, both coming from Graglia, his great passion for music appeared at a very young age. When he was 11, his parents enrolled him at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Turin. During his teen years, he performed at nightclubs in Turin singing jazz and playing double bass and violin.

During World War II, he was incarcerated in an American internment camp in Sardinia. His musical talent was apparent and he was allowed to join the orchestra of the allied radio station of Cagliari. This permitted Buscaglione to continue to make music and to experiment with new sounds and rhythms coming from the U.S. (Most foreign music had been officially forbidden by the Italian Fascist regime.)

After the war, Buscaglione returned to Turin and went to live in Via Eusebio Bava 26 bis and resumed working as a musician for various bands. He then formed his own group, the Asternovas. During a tour in Switzerland in 1949 he met and married the half-German half-Moroccan entertainer Fatima Robin. In the meantime he was gradually creating his public character, inspired by Clark Gable and Mickey Spillane's gangsters. His friend Leo Chiosso was a lyricist who wrote many of his songs. Together they wrote the hits that brought nationwide fame to Buscaglione: Che bambola (Whatta babe!), Teresa non sparare (Theresa, don't shoot!), Eri piccola così (You were small like that), Guarda che luna (Look, What A (beautiful) Moon), Love in Portofino, Porfirio Villarosa (a caricature of Porfirio Rubirosa), Whisky facile (Easy Whiskey).

After perfecting his routine in night clubs and theatres he started recording his songs in 1955; the first single (a shellac 78rpm record containing 'Che bambola' and 'Giacomino') sold 1,000,000 copies with close to no promotion, propelling him to a degree of fame he never considered possible.

By the end of the 1950s, Buscaglione was one of Italy's most wanted entertainers. He appeared in advertising campaigns, on television, and in movies.

At 38 years of age, he was killed in a car accident when his lilac Ford Thunderbird collided with a truck Lancia Esatau in the early hours before dawn in Rome. Immediately brought to the hospital in a bus flagged down by the truck driver, he arrived there too late. Only hours earlier he had dinner with some friends at a restaurant in Rome and met future Italian pop diva Mina Mazzini who made her Sanremo Music Festival debut earlier. The two discussed a future collaboration that sadly never materialized. Tens of thousands people attended his funeral in Turin on 6 February 1960. He is buried in the Cimitero Monumentale.

Alongside his legacy, in songs and movies, Buscaglione deserves mention for having encouraged musicians and singers from the newer generation (the one influenced by the earliest forms of rock and roll) to stand up against the conservative producers and discographers of the time, demanding recognition for their art and their style. In this role, he proved instrumental in the rise of the "yellers" scene which from the early 60s started to revolutionize the Italian popular music panorama.

Selected filmography

 * Tough Guys (1960)

title: Fred Buscaglione


text:
User:Charles Matthews/New - other

Publishing
Jonathan Cape - The Bodley Head - Routledge - Chatto and Windus - Hachette - Hachette Livre - Charles Lahr - Reginald Caton - Seizin Press - - Bill Bird - Tauchnitz - chapbook - literary magazine - Johann and Wendelin of Speyer - Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim - Ha-Meliẓ

Abstract and intellectual
Rigour - Cultural pessimism - Ignorabimus - literary fiction - Principle of sufficient reason - metamechanics - Neo-Kantianism - Universal language - Supernatural fiction - Scientific formalism - cultural critic - Whiggishness - highbrow - Hanseatic Goethe Prize - Public morality - Incivility - Survey article

1-50
William Nicholson (artist) - James Pryde - Nancy Nicholson - Three for a pig - List of glaciers - Skerry - Official - Paperless office - Visionary - Gorboduc (play)

Desmond Chute - Anglican terminology - Victoria, Lady Welby - Vox populi - shift work - list of topics on working time and conditions - free space - The Souls - Oxford Wits - New Oxford Wits

ghost story - Johannes Busch - The Sitwells - Square Club (writers) - Mermaid Series - Marconi scandal - Stewart Headlam - Yukio Ninagawa - Coryat's Crudities - strap

stripe - hiss - marking - litany - Andreas Cellarius - Odo of Cambrai - Rudolf Wlassak - W. N. Ewer - Alfred William Hunt - Lord Edward Gascoyne-Cecil

Workers' Educational Association - Norman Ault - The Egoist (periodical) - Imperial Way Faction - list of tombs and mausoleums - Geza Roheim - John Quinn (collector) - Domei Tsushin - right-socialism - Monbatsu

51-100
Gunbatsu - Winifred Nicholson - Police forces of the Empire of Japan - literary executor - India paper - The New Age - Wind of Change (speech) - Beryl de Zoete- Alvarus Pelagius - Savoy Conference

Ernest de Sarzec - Nikolaus Nilles - Bullarium - Diu Crône - The Book of Thel - The Book of Urizen - The Book of Ahania - Blake's prophetic books - Enitharmon - Charles Vignoles

Humphrey I of Toron - Three-volume novel - Nikolaus Selnecker - Jakob Andreae - Partible inheritance - Francis Aidan Gasquet - John Trivett Nettleship - state of affairs - The Lion and the Unicorn - name at birth

Crichel Down affair - school story - Michelangelo Tamburini - Franz Retz  - Ignatius Viscanti  - Alessandro Centurioni - Guido Bruno - Frederick Victor Dickins - Case analysis - House of Elzevir

Mother Courage - Gerard Vernon Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth - Illicit antiquities - Robert of Arbrissel - The Monist - Sébastien Gryphe - Goschwin Nickel - Aloysius Gottifredi -  Francesco Piccolomini (1582-1651) – Vincenzo Caraffa

101-150
René Massuet - Président à mortier - Encounter (magazine) - Gregorio Panzani - Erhard Ratdolt - Pierre Poussines - editio princeps - Jean-Vincent Scheil - Durandus of Saint-Pourçain - Gui Cardinal de Maillesec

Caryll Molyneux - Alexander Popham - Sydney Cockerell - Christopher Buxton - James Brookes - Notker Labeo - Notker of Liège - Janus Parrhasius - Janus Lascaris - Robin Li

Bishop of Barbados - Bishop of Antigua - Kampala YMCA - Regnier III, Count of Hainaut - Eric Breindel Award for Excellence in Opinion Journalism - Vico Magistretti - Francesco Cardinal Soderini - Historians' History of the World - Auctores octo morales - Ars dictaminis

Jean-Baptiste de Belloy - William Alexander Ayton - Willoughby Dickinson, 1st Baron Dickinson - Luliani ben Tabrin - Raimbaut de Vaqueiras - Elizabeth of Schönau - Eckebert - Gerlac Peterson - Henry of Kalkar - Bernard of Besse

Robert of Courçon - Raymond de Sauvetât - Daniel of Morley - School of St Victor - Qusta ibn Luqa- Peter Crockaert - Peter of Auvergne - Thomas Netter - Jordan of Osnabrück - Solomon ben Samson

151-200
Council of Benevento - Hugh of Die - Pierre de Foix - Guillaume de Villaret - Foulques de Villaret - Synod of Rouen - Jacob Gretser - Giraud II of Montreuil-Berlay - Helias of Saint-Saens - Alain Le Roux

Eadric the Wild - Eglinton Tournament - Richard MacGillivray Dawkins - Neostoicism - Edward Garrard Marsh - Donnellan Lectures - Rede Lecture - Regius Professor of Medicine (Oxford) - Hurtaly - Ecphantus the Pythagorean

Central News Agency Literary Award - John of Eschenden - Ferdinando Richardson - Sebastian Virdung - Johannes Virdung - Arellius Fuscus - da Polenta - Andrea dei Mozzi - Johannes Lichtenberger - Theagenes of Rhegium

Guy Marchant - William of Marseille - Dietrich I of Metz - Confraternity of the Rosary - Pellitus - William Parron - Chuck Russell - Hermann Joseph - Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamini - Yoshihide Hayashi

Philipp Jakob Sachs - Jean de Roquetaillade - Johannes Potken - Calid - Significs - Arcandam - Gloucester College, Oxford - Robert King (bishop) - Johann Friedrich Schweitzer- History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria

201-250
Christopher Cattan - Flavius Mithridates - Richard Ferrybridge - Categoriae decem - Heiric of Auxerre - Girolamo Ghinucci - Baruch of Benevento - Anton Margaritha - Felix Pratensis - Paolo Riccio

Nicolas Barnaud - Abraham Yagel - Richalmus - Paolo Grillandi - The "how many angels?" question - Etienne Bauny - Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil - Robert Holcot - Richard Brinkley - Female education

Death of the novel - Pietro Bernardino - Petrus Diaconus - Petrus de Natalibus - Peter of Toledo - Hieronymus Dungersheim - Adam de Buckfield - Clarembald of Arras - Peter of Poitiers - Peter of Aquila

Peter of Bergamo - Peter Cellensis - Richard Fishacre - William Houghton (archbishop) - William de la Mare - Matthew of Aquasparta - Raymond de Gaufredi - List of Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor - Gerardus Odonis - Bertrand de Turre

Latin nicknames of the Middle Ages - Panormitanus - Christopher Numar of Forli - Nicolas Papini - Giovanni Mincio da Morrovalle - Arlotto of Prato - Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus - Bonagratia de San Giovanni in Persiceto - Crescentius of Jesi - Gonsalvus of Spain

251-300
Alexander Bonini - Fortanerius Vassalli - Bérengar de Landore - Johann Moriaen - Peder Soerensen - George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle - Robertus Anglicus - Herbert of Bosham - Rupert of Deutz - Petrus Crassus

Giovanni Dominici - Vespasiano da Bisticci - Nigel, bishop of Ely - Geoffrey of Trani - James of Venice - Bernard of Utrecht - Osbern of Gloucester - Étienne de Rouen - Eberhard of Béthune - Gunther of Pairis

Robert de Neubourg - Cardinal Boso - four monarchies - Stephen of Pisa - Rudolf of Bruges - Hugo Etherianis - Anselm of Havelberg - Walter of Henley - Pietro Crescenzi - Paucapalea

Osbern FitzOsbern - Bishop of Albano - Henry of Marcy - Latino Orsini - Bartholomew of Pisa - John of Mirecourt - Henry Bate of Malines - Henry Standish - John Junor - Pelagio Galvani

Vital du Four - Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord - Jacobus de Belviso - Pierre Robert Olivétan - Jérôme-Hermès Bolsec - Friedrich Staphylus - Otto Truchsess von Waldburg - Ennio Filonardi - Giovanni Salviati - Cardinal de Bouillon

301-350
Bartholomew of San Concordio - Bartholomew Albizzi - Bartholomew of Brescia - Luigi Lippomano - Johann Pistorius - Girolamo Seripando - Philip Hunton - Scipione Gonzaga - Ercole Gonzaga - Bartholomew of Braganca

Andrew of Rhodes - Izz al-Din - Durand of Huesca - Durandus of Troarn - Ursin Durand - Jean-Allarmet de Brogny - Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal - Berenger Fredoli - Bishop of Porto and Santa-Rufina - Hugh of Remiremont

William Petow - Juan Carvajal - Henry Noris - Karl-August von Reisach - Bishop of Frascati - Annibale di Ceccano - Bishop of Velletri-Segni - Philip Michael Ellis - Matteo Orsini - Annibale Albani

Isidore of Thessalonica - John Halgren of Abbeville - Peter of Benevento- Lorenzo Litta - Gabriele Paleotti - Giovanni Colonna the Elder - Francesco Acquaviva - Bishop of Palestrina - Virginio Orsini (cardinal) - Guy Paré

Conciliabulum - Cornelius Richard Anton van Bommel - Robert of Thourotte - César Guillaume de La Luzerne - Duke of Gandia - Guillaume de Joinville - Henri de Dreux - Renaud de Beaune - Benoit-Marie Langénieux - Charles-Maurice Le Tellier

351-400
Bishop of Soissons - Rothad of Soissons - Hippolyte-Jules Pilet de La Mesnardière - Pietro Cardinal Aldobrandini - Robert Céneau - François Vavasseur - Guillaume de Lamoignon - Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin - Georges de Selve - Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi

Domenico Capranica - Francesco Chieregati - Poor Catholics - Léon Abel Provancher - Alfonso de Valdés - Hélie de Bourdeilles - Francesco Brancati - Henry III of Leuven - Charles Auguste Marie Joseph, Comte de Forbin-Janson - Herbert II of Maine

Hugh IV of Maine - William de Fortibus - Hugo of Santalla - William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle - Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay - Synod of Chelsea - Roger de Lacy - Bernard de Neufmarche - Paul of Caen - Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne

Guillaume-René Meignan - Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln - Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln - Nigel d'Aubigny - Simon de Senlis, 4th Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton - Roger de Montbegon - Eustace de Vesci - Geoffrey de Saye - William de Lanvallei

Robert Fitzharding - Maildubh - Richard de Montfichet - Joscelin de Louvain - Henry III of Bar - Stephen de Segrave - Walter de Clifford - Ralph Tosny - Robert de Stafford

401-450
Westwood Priory - Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford - Prospero Fagnani - Richard Fitz Pons - John Giffard - apsidiole - apse chapel - Claude de Sainctes - Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose - Priory of St Frideswide, Oxford

Rolls Series - Victorian societies for text publication - Rolls of Parliament - Gilbert Bourne - John of Tours - World communism - Hy Weiss - Dominic Gravina - Martín de Azpilcueta - Tommaso Tamburini

Paolo Segneri - Guglielmo Ebreo da Pesaro - Jo Iimura - John Nost - Rikichi Ando - Jun Ushiroku - Keisuke Fujie - Takushiro Hattori - Akira Kazami - Remigio dei Girolami

Nachum Trebitsch - Abraham Trebitsch - Abraham Neuda - Hideo Iwakuro - Joseph-François Lafitau - Titopolis - John Dury - Antoine Touron - Benjamin Worsley - Joseph Mede

Theodore Haak - Johannes Sibertus Kuffler - Adam Boreel - Judah Leon Templo - Konrad Eubel - Pius Bonifacius Gams - Cornelius a Lapide - Juan Maldonado - Manoel de Sa - John de Pineda

451-500
Johann Wild - Cornelius Jansen (1510-1576) - Gilbert Génebrard - Bernadine a Piconio - Étienne Le Camus - François-Etienne Caulet - Charles François Houbigant - William Smits - John Martin Augustine Scholz - Arthur-Marie Le Hir

Jean-Baptiste Glaire - Francis Xavier Patrizi - Constant Fouard - Karl Josef Rudolph Cornely - Tilman Pesch - Sahl ben Matzliah - Isaac Abraham Euchel - Biurists - Aaron Jaroslaw - Herz Homberg

Joel Löwe - Isaac Satanow - Samuel Israel Mulder - David Friedrichsfeld - Mordecai Comtino - Caleb Afendopolo - Eleazar Chisma - Mattithiah ben Solomon Delacrut - Isaac ibn Sid

Moses Botarel Farissol - Solomon ben Elijah Sharbit - Moses ibn Tibbon - Abraham de Balmes - Kalonymus ben Kalonymus - David Kalonymus ben Jacob - Solomon Abigdor - Abraham Abigdor - Bonet de Lattes - Charles de Bovelles

Joseph Vecinho - Solomon Ayllon - Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen - Samuel Aboab - Moses Pinheiro - John of Valladolid - Moses ha-Kohen de Tordesillas - Ibn Shaprut - Shem-Tob ben Isaac of Tortosa - Astruc ha-Levi

501-550
Vidal Benveniste - Bonastruc Desmaëstre - David ben Zakkai (exilarch) - Solomon (exilarch) - Mar 'Ukban III (exilarch) - Ben Meïr - Aaron ibn Sargado - Herakleides Lembos - Moses Kalfo - Hanan of Iskiya

Aaron of Jerusalem - Samuel Abraham Poznański - Elisha Gallico - August Rohling - Josef Samuel Bloch - Simon Schreiber - Joseph ben Judah ibn Aknin - Moritz Güdemann - Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona - Leser Landshuth

Samuel Landauer - Solomon Frensdorff - Abraham Conat - Whidden Lectures - Marco Mortara - Elijah Benamozegh - Hirsch Edelmann - Joseph Zedner - Aaron Walden- Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach

Solomon Klein - Chaim David Lippe - Charles Taylor (scholar) - August Wünsche - John van Campen - Heinrich Jacob Bashuysen - Rudolphus Baynus - Immanuel Frances - Isaac Lampronti - Samson Morpurgo

Joseph Fiametta - Shabbethai Panzieri - Mordecai Ghirondi - Abraham ben Levi Conque - Johann Christian Georg Bodenschatz - Johann Jakob Schudt - Campeius Vitringa - Moses Mielziner - Mendel Hess - Isaac Bernays

551-600
Raphael Kirchheim - Hirsch Lehren - Levi Herzfeld - Ludwig Philippson - Moritz Brasch- Theodor Creizenach (restored) - Michael Creizenach - Wolf Pascheles - Jacob Raphael Fürstenthal - Saul Isaac Kaempf

Meyer Kayserling - Solomon Rubin - Isaac Lumbroso - Filosseno Luzzatto - Salomon Mandelkern - Abraham Jacob Paperna - Joshua Steinberg - Joseph-Antoine Boullan - Theodore of Gaza - Sergei Aleksandrovich Bershadski

Coponius - Gershon ben Solomon of Arles - Gustav Karpeles - Samuel Enoch - Levi Bodenheimer - Gabriel Sionita - Henri Spondanus - Max Letteris - Joseph ben Baruch - Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise

Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils - Aleksander Zederbaum - Eliakim ben Meshullam - Nathan Judah ben Solomon - Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan ha-Levi - Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi - Merwan ha-Levi - Ezra Malki - Sheshet Benveniste

Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed - Judah of Melun - Abraham Bedersi - Bongoron - Jacob ben David ben Yomtob - Isaac Gastfreund - Henri Gross - Abraham Auerbach - Samson Cerfberr of Medelsheim - Richard Kidder

601-650
Daniel Tilenus - Conrad Vorstius - Thomas of York (Franciscan) - John of Fécamp - Gregory of Elvira - Wilhelm Diekamp - Georg Michael Wittman - Jean Garnier - Marius Mercator - Andrea Gallandi

Bernardo de Rossi - Auxilius of Naples - Antonio Ballerini - Pierre Coustant - François Lamy - John Tawell - Robert Henry Charles - Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth - Elias Schwarzfeld - Turrianus

First Apology of Justin Martyr - Last Roman Emperor - Germain Morin - Karen Leigh King - Leonardo Patrasso - Guillaume Pierre Godin - Vitus Pichler - Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber - Guillaume-André-Réné Baston - Benedict Welte

Heinrich Joseph Wetzer - Franz Philip Kaulen - Franz Xaver Kraus - Octateuch - Refutation of all Heresies - Justin Perkins - Apostomus - Menelaus (High Priest) - Adolf Büchler - Col Ciotach - Battle of Bloody Bay

Dinshaw Edulji Wacha - Isaac Broydé - Isaac ben Dorbolo - Albert Cohn - Mattityahu Strashun - Meḳiẓe Nirdamim - Moses Levi Ehrenreich - Ulderico Carpegna - Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta - Charles de Smedt

651-700
Giovanni Boccamazza - Ordonho Alvares - Odo of Châteauroux - Guillaume Court - Pandulf of Pisa - Nicola Capocci - Gilles Aycelin de Montaigu - Jean de la Grange - Thomas of Frignano - Pietro Pileo di Prata

Enrico Minutoli - Antonio Panciera - Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan - Guillaume de Chanac - Jorge da Costa - Antonio Pallavicini Gentili - Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio - Philippe de Luxembourg - James of Brescia - Jacob of Saruq

Leopold Janauschek - Alexandre Vincent Jandel - Olympe-Philippe Gerbet - Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour - François-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot - Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert - François Guillaume de Castelnau-Clermont-Ludève - Diocese of Amiens - Landry, bishop of Sées - Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron

Jean Paul Médaille - François-Désiré Mathieu - Adolphe Perraud - Diocese of Luçon - Henry of Friemar - Victor-Auguste-Isidor Cardinal Deschamps - Jacques-Marie Ginoulhiac - Paul Godet des Marais - Gian Matteo Giberti - Arnulf of Lisieux

Juhel of Totnes - Serlo de Burci - Cardinal Niccolò Fieschi - Ancient diocese of Laon - François de Tournon - Rictius Varus - Leonard of Port Maurice - Floribert of Liège - Otbert of Liège - Theobald, Bishop of Liège

701-750
Council of Hertford - Wazo of Liège - William of Savoy - Hugues de Pierrepont - Henri de Verdun - Synod of Worms - Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège - Alphonse-Louis du Plessis de Richelieu - Pierre Coton - Ancient Diocese of Maillezais

List of bishops of Metz - Pierre de Luxembourg - Ancient Diocese of Mirepoix - Hervé de Bourg-Dieu - Ancient Diocese of Narbonne - Ancient Diocese of Noyon - Daniel Papebroch - Godfrey Henschen - Baldwin FitzGilbert - Ferdinando Pulton

Ancient Diocese of Agde - Ancient Diocese of Alet - Louis-Édouard-François-Desiré Pie - Samson, Archbishop of Reims - François de Mailly - Nicolas de Pellevé - Artald, Archbishop of Reims - Ancient Diocese of Rieux - Ancient Diocese of Riez - Mellon (saint)

Dominique de La Rochefoucauld - Ancient Diocese of Comminges - Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin - Ancient Diocese of Tréguier - Percival David - Ancient Diocese of Couserans - Ancient Diocese of Saint-Malo - Ancient Diocese of Saint-Omer - Ancient Diocese of Saint-Papoul - Ancient Diocese of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux

Ancient Diocese of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières - Ancient Diocese of Saintes - Book of Discipline (United Methodist) - William Dell - William Erbery - Richard of Saint-Laurent - Matthias Joseph Scheeben - Ancient Diocese of Senlis - Ancient Diocese of Sisteron -Peter Sterry

751-800
Joshua Sprigg - Andreas Räss - Ancient Diocese of Thérouanne - Prudentius of Troyes - Pardulus of Laon - Ancient Diocese of Toulon - Ancient Diocese of Vence - Matthew of Albano - Nicolas Psaume - Irenopolis

Eudes de Sully - Ancient Diocese of Cavaillon - Noah Biggs - Richard Coppin - Jacob Bauthumley - Joseph Salmon - John Saltmarsh (clergyman) - Nathaniel Holmes (theologian) - Philip Nye - Francis Cheynell

William Bridge - Charles Herle - William Twisse - Wilbur Marshall Urban - Cheney Culpeper - John Sadler (1615-1674) - Ralph Baines - Robert Horne (bishop) - Heribert Rosweyde - Hædde

Simon of Apulia - Ralph Brownrigg - Walter Branscombe - Adam Orleton - John Prideaux - Edmund Chilmead - John Thornborough - Werferth - Richard Mayew - Walter Curle

William Chaderton - Theodore William Moody - John Russell (bishop) - Richard de Courcy - Ralph de Luffa - Robert de Stratford - Adam Moleyns - Thomas Rushhook - Robert Sherborne - George Day (bishop)

801-850
Richard Mitford - Ralph Ergham - Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex - John Davenant - Edmund Audley - John Italus - Isaac ben Mordecai - Nathan ben Eliezer ha-Me'ati - Zerahiah ben Shealtiel Ḥen - Judah ben Moses Romano

Johann Grueber - Diocese of Meath and Kildare - Conor O'Devany - David Rothe - John Colgan - John Thomas Troy - Thomas Burke (bishop) - Annaly - Giovanni Paparoni - Neve (titular see)

Richard Creagh - George Cromer - Franz von Uchatius - Mammisi - Edward Moor - David ibn Yaḥya ben Solomon - Joseph David Sinzheim - Victor Vitensis - Claude de Visdelou - Thomas-Marie-Joseph Gousset

Maturin Veyssière La Croze - Nicolas Rigault - Petrus Serrarius - Renato Poggioli - Pierre Lasserre - Jo Durden-Smith - Thomas Weir - Hugh de Vaucemain - Martial Auribelli - Ancient Diocese of Castres

Ancient Diocese of Eauze - Archdiocese of Auch - Ancient Diocese of Dax - Ancient Diocese of Lectoure - Ancient Diocese of Oloron - Costantino Patrizi Naro - Mario Mattei - Vincenzo Macchi - Ludovico Micara - Alessandro Mattei

851-900
Fabrizio Serbelloni - Patras (titular see) - Pietro Francesco Galleffi - Matthieu Petit-Didier - Diocese of Blois - Madhavrao II - Ranoji Scindia - Nijaguna Shivayogi - Walter Reinhardt Sombre - Edward Maclagan

Rohilla War - Hafiz Rahmat Khan - Jayappa Scindia - chauth - Lepel Griffin - Murshid Quli Khan - Mary Berenson - Anthony Burges - André of Neufchâteau - Olaf Caroe

Henry Walter Bellew - Henry George Raverty - Louis Saltet - Faizullah Khan - Louis Rousselet - Ando Shoeki - Thiemo - Jean-Jacques Chifflet - Nimat Allah al-Harawi - Harold Hartley

Arthur Cayley Headlam - Archdiocese of Dijon - diocese of Saint-Claude - François Richardot- Nicopolis (titular see, Armenia) - Nicopolis (titular see, Epirus) - Lydda (titular see) - Harry Charles Purvis Bell - Sigo - Jean-Baptiste Muard

Jean-Baptiste Bouvier - Gervais de Château-du-Loir - Avesgaud of Bellême - George Stovin Venables - Stephen Rumbold Lushington - diocese of Nîmes - Ancient Diocese of Alais - Claude-Henri Plantier - Archdiocese of Rennes - Ancient Diocese of Dol

901-950
Magloire - Méen - Diocese of Saint-Brieuc - Diocese of Annecy - diocese of Aire - Diocese of Carcassonne - diocese of Nevers - Gallia Christiana - Bellevaux Abbey - Tamié Abbey

Albinus (cardinal) - Francisco Cabral - Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de Beauvais - Petrus Boeri - Cuno of Praeneste - Archdiocese of Avignon - Zoen Tencarari - ancient Diocese of Carpentras - ancient Diocese of Lescar - Archdiocese of Toulouse

Durand de Bredons - Ancient Diocese of Lombez - Diocese of Bayonne - Diocese of Cahors - Jean-Gabriel Perboyre - Alain de Solminihac - Ancient Diocese of Vabres - Louis d'Albret - Carlo Domenico del Carretto - Robert de Lenoncourt (d. 1561)

Giovanni Domenico de Cupis - Diocese of Angers - Giles of Lessines - Henri Arnauld - Leudinus - archdiocese of Clermont - Jean Soanen - Ancient Diocese of Boulogne - François de Bonal - Auspicius

Archdiocese of Chambéry - Ancient Diocese of Die - Ancient Diocese of Orange - Ancient Diocese of Grasse - Agostino Trivulzio - Ancient Diocese of Chalon-sur-Saône - Diocese of Nantes - Diocese of Perpignan-Elne - Jaime Serra I Cau - Diocese of La Rochelle

951-1000
Diocese of Pamiers - Siddiq Khan Kanju - John Robert Sitlington Sterrett - Diocese of Le Havre - Diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne - diocese of Montauban - Zaiwa language - Maurice Nyagumbo - Diocese of Tournai - Kusum Nair

Pallig Tokesen - Remiremont Abbey - Antoine of Vaudémont - Henri of Lorraine-Vaudémont - Chaalis Abbey - Lannoy Abbey - Thapsus (titular see) - Konrad Martin - Calama (titular see) - Naissus (titular see)

Rotho - Segermes (titular see) - Altfrid - Herulph - Johannes von Geissel - Eberigisil - Damiata (titular see) - Anton Hubert Fischer - Paul Melchers - Juliopolis (titular see)

Joseph Othmar Rauscher - Melchior von Diepenbrock - Rudolf of Rüdesheim - Sebastian von Rostock - Alba Maritima (titular see) - Menahem Azariah da Fano - Immanuel Aboab - Abraham Portaleone - Jacob Fano - Raymond Peraudi

Nicholas Postgate - Melchior von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen - Diocese of Kammin - Stephen of Liège - Piligrim - Derbe (titular see) - Matthias Döring - Giovanni Parenti - Thomas of Eccleston- Albert of Pisa

title: User:Charles Matthews/New - other


text:
Leo Chiosso

Leo Chiosso (b. Turin, 8 August 1920 – d. Chieri, Italy, 26 November 2006) was an Italian lyricist mostly known for his work with Fred Buscaglione. They formed a songwriting duo who produced about forty songs and created Buscaglione's public persona, a humorous tough guy with a penchant for whisky and women.

Career
Chiosso and Buscaglione met in 1938 in the night-club scene of Turin, hometown to both of them. At that time, Chiosso was a university student, while Buscaglione made a living as a jazz singer and musician in the clubs.

During World War II, Chiosso was deported to Poland, while Buscaglione ended up in a US internment camp in Sardinia. Chiosso received news of his friend's fate thanks to the radio; Buscaglione had joined the allied radio station orchestra in Cagliari, and Chiosso knew he was still alive when he heard him playing.

Chiosso and Buscaglione reunited in Turin after the end of the war, and started writing songs together. Chiosso's lyrics were inspired by the American crime fiction of which he was an avid reader, as well as by current news. They were humorous stories about gangsters and their babes, New York City and Chicago, tough men who were ruthless with enemies but easily fell victims to a woman's charms. The duo's songs matched Buscaglione's carefully constructed image of an amiable braggart.

The first Buscaglione-Chiosso hit was Che bambola of 1956, which brought Buscaglione to nationwide celebrity. It was followed by many other hits, including Che notte, Criminalmente bella, Il dritto di Chicago, Eri piccola così, Lontano da te, Love in Portofino, Porfirio Villarosa, Sgancia e pedala, Teresa non sparare, and Whisky facile.

Their last work together was the movie Noi duri of 1960, featuring Buscaglione and the Italian actor Totò. Chiosso wrote both the story and the script for the movie, as well as the lyrics for two songs of the soundtrack, Noi duri and Ninna nanna del duro. The making of the movie was still in progress when Buscaglione died in a car crash.

Chiosso's career continued, writing lyrics for famous songs such as Parole, parole, parole, Torpedo blu, and Montecarlo. He was also a prolific television author, with his credits including the popular music show Canzonissima. He also wrote stories and scripts for cinema.

title: Leo Chiosso


text:
Maud Olofsson

Maud Elisabeth Olofsson (born Olsson, 9 August 1955) is a former Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Centre Party from 2001 to 2011, Minister for Enterprise and Energy from 2006 to 2011 and Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden from 2006 to 2010. She was a member of the Riksdag from 2002 to 2011.

Biography
Maud Olofsson was born in Arnäsvall, and grew up in Högbyn, in Örnsköldsvik Municipality, Västernorrland. She started her political career as an ombudsman of the youth organisation of the Centre Party in 1974, and served as a member of the local council in Luleå from 1976. From 1978 to 1981 she held the same job with the party. From 1992 to 1994, during the Carl Bildt centre-right government, she worked as Special Adviser to Minister Börje Hörnlund at the Department of Labour. From 1996 she has been a member of the Centre Party board. From 1997 to 2001 she worked as Managing Director for the Rural Economy and Agricultural Societies (Hushållningssällskapet) in Västerbotten. She was elected Party Leader on 19 March 2001, succeeding Lennart Daléus. After the 2002 election, the Centre Party's first electoral upturn since 1973 was attributed to the "Maud effect."

Olofsson's political standpoint could be seen as a traditional Centre Party position, with an emphasis on rural Sweden and the survival of rural communities, combined with centre-right economic policies. It was however a remarkable new feature in the history of the Centre Party, when Olofsson characterized her party's ideology as Social Liberalism. Although the Centre Party in history has sometimes cooperated with the governing Social Democrats, under Olofsson the party opted for a clear oppositional role, strengthening its alliance with the Liberals, the Christian Democrats and the Moderate Party.

Olofsson modernised the party, making it more open to the European Union and market liberalism. She was involved in the construction of the right-wing coalition Alliansen.

Following its victory in the elections in 2006, this alliance was able to form a new government under Fredrik Reinfeldt. Olofsson was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Enterprise and Energy.

Olofsson announced her intent to step down as party leader on 17 June 2011 and was succeeded by Annie Lööf on 23 September 2011. Following her retirement, she faced criticism after it was revealed that the Swedish state-owned energy company Vattenfall had paid too much for Dutch energy company Nuon in 2009 when she was the responsible minister.

title: Maud Olofsson