text:
User talk:Wuliang2003

Welcome
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:29, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You uploaded a copyrighted picture of Harkness Tower. I have listed it for deletion, because Wikipedia cannot use copyrighted images. Please refer to that page if you think this is in error. --Chuck 21:42, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've now listed the following pages for deletion due to copyright violation: Image:Harkness_tower_fall.jpg, Image:BKL.jpg, Image:Branford courtyard.jpg Chuck 06:10, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Copyright problems with Musiclibrary.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of Mobile Internet Report
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Replaceable fair use File:Mary Meeker Fortune 051506.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Mary Meeker Fortune 051506.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information or which could be adequately covered with text alone. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

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File source and copyright licensing problem with File:W7Z3145 72dpi.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:1 mary meeker.jpg
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We hope (talk) 15:15, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

March 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Mary Meeker, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
 * Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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 * The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Mary Meeker was changed by Wuliang2003 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.876569 on 2011-03-09T01:47:14+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) 01:47, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wuliang2003


text:
Category:Chicago White Stockings players

Players for the Chicago White Stockings during their three seasons in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players ("National Association" or "NA" baseball league), 1871 and 1874–1875, and also during their many subsequent National League seasons while the "White Stockings" nickname remained common.

All these players are commonly considered "major leaguers" although MLB does not count the NA as a major league.

For players under later nicknames see also
 * Category:Chicago Colts players
 * Category:Chicago Orphans players
 * Category:Chicago Cubs players

The Chicago White Stockings also fielded a professional team in 1870. See Chicago White Stockings 1870-1871 for players during those two consecutive seasons.

For the team that was known as the White Stockings from 1901-1903, see Category:Chicago White Sox players.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Category:Cincinnati Outlaw Reds players

Players for the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds, of the Union Association (1884).

title: Category:Cincinnati Outlaw Reds players


text: Category:St. Louis Maroons players

title: Category:St. Louis Maroons players


text:
Category:Indianapolis Hoosiers players

This category includes baseball players for the team known as the Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League, 1914). The team became the Newark Pepper in 1915.

 * For other uses see:
 * Indianapolis Hoosiers (American Association) players
 * Indianapolis Hoosiers (National League) players

title: Category:Indianapolis Hoosiers players


text:
Double exponential distribution

In statistics, the double exponential distribution may refer to
 * Laplace distribution, or bilateral exponential distribution, consisting of two exponential distributions glued together on each side of a threshold
 * Gumbel distribution, the cumulative distribution function of which is an iterated exponential function (the exponential of an exponential function).

title: Double exponential distribution


text:
Talk:Tau Ceti

Unlike other prominent stars, Tau Ceti does not have a widely recognized traditional name...
...Would it be fair to say that Tau Ceti has itself become a widely recognized traditional name? It's been used in enough fictional back stories now (e.g., War of the Worlds (2005 film)) that it's probably the most famous star out there now after Barnard's Star and the Alpha Centauri system.

Are there even other names for it? Mark Stimmel (talk) 15:05, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I can't actually find a ref that mentions Tau Ceti in regards to the 2005 film but I'm almost certain I read as much. Does anyone have a Spielberg quote handy? Mark Stimmel (talk) 15:39, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * By "traditional name", the article means a proper name for the star, as with Sirius or Betelgeuse. I think Tau Ceti is considered a catalogue designation.—RJH (talk) 15:53, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi RJ -- good to see you typing. I wonder about Chinese/Eastern names? Presumably it had gotten attention from the other side of the world. See Tao. Mark Stimmel (talk) 16:02, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oh God. They've arrived. Thankfully Wikipedia no longer allows us to link to the examiner dot com. But do a Google search. Mark Stimmel (talk) 16:07, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Never mind. I see some Chinese nomenclature has already been added. RJ, an astro-historical question for you: do you think it's possible that something resembling a telescope was invented 5,000 or 50,000 rather than 500 years ago? -- User:Marskell
 * Conceivably. The nimrud lens is 3,000 years old. The Ancient Greeks were aware of the pinhole lens ~400 BC. But this is perhaps getting a bit off topic.—RJH (talk) 18:57, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Not entirely. Much is in a name. "Tau" is the prefix for many star names and is a homophone with an entire eastern religious movement. Anyway, good seeing you around. -- User:Marskell

"In fiction" is just trivia.
This recently added section is unsourced and appears to be composed of trivia. The topic of Tau Ceti in fiction is already an article, which is also unsourced and full of trivia. As the star and science fiction appear to be the only common themes, I think the subject can be summarized in a single sentence and the content of the section can be moved to the other article with little impact here. Thanks.—RJH (talk) 17:44, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Life
It has asteroids and comets nearby,so a habitable planet may be bombarded by asteroids and comets. --Alexrybak (talk) 16:11, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, that's true of the Earth as well.—RJH (talk) 21:58, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I think the point the poster was making was, if there is a planet in the "habitable zone," a bombardment of other bodies could bring the organic molecules that hypothetically could 'spark' life to develop. 104.169.35.251 (talk) 23:00, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Planets-discovery
News in France emerging about discovery of 5 planets, including one in habitable zone. News well sourced, with couple of scientists involved being quoted, and name of Journal given in the news source that will publish the discovery.--Exsaol (talk) 01:03, 19 December 2012 (UTC)
 * We need to add this info to the later sections of the article, which now contradict the lede. this will take some work. also, i placed a new ref in english. this is better, though if someone feels also having a french language ref here is good, they can add it back. very exciting. I anticipate they will each get their own article, or at least the goldilocks planet.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 07:45, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

Hectoseconds?
What's a more meaningful unit in common usage? Saying "x hs of observation" isn't very informative and should have a parenthetical reference in commonly used time units. 69.243.13.102 (talk) 16:41, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Durre menthor?
Sounds like another Richontaban fake star name flying around!! Verification please. Dead links won't suffice! Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 11:10, 11 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Weird-looking name. Most pages that contain that name and are high on the Google ranking are references of fiction or Wikipedia mirrors. There are, however, this and notably this, "Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy and this book that include it as an alternative name. So, it actually appears to be true! --JorisvS (talk) 13:01, 11 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Trouble is, those sources are not independent or authoritative -- they have probably picked up and perpetuated Wikipedia hoaxes (the Moore so-called Data Book is a known offender in this regard). I agree with Rursus that it looks like one of the fake names we have weeded out in the past. I am removing it unless some authoritative source can be found. Skeptic2 (talk) 12:12, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
 * PS: Looking back through the changelog, I see that the name was introduced in 2006 October by an anonymous user https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/168.223.11.198 who had not edited before, but who went on to tinker with other star name data. So, yes, I think a hoaxer. Skeptic2 (talk) 12:30, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The same author made some changes to the List of stars in Cetus article, some of which were still in place. I could not confirm them, so I pulled them out. Those constellation lists are poorly sourced and often in error. Praemonitus (talk) 15:28, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Well spotted. I agree with your changes. Incidentally, the IP prefix 168.223.11 is the same as that used by the troll Richontaban, as mentioned by Rursus above.Skeptic2 (talk) 17:14, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't know if it should be kept in the lead like that, though. --JorisvS (talk) 13:03, 11 November 2014 (UTC)

Six planets in a five planet system?
An anonymous editor added data for a sixth planet to a system in which there are five suspected planets. Can the data be reconciled? Praemonitus (talk) 17:37, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I've attempted to remediate the issue by merging candidate planets f & g, which were linked to the same page. Praemonitus (talk) 19:33, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

- Reference 6 data supported a five planet system with either 168 or 315 days period for the 4th planet, but not both. The 168 days period was computed to be more likely. The wide gap between 168 and 630 days suggests either a small planet that was not ruled out, or more likely an asteroid belt with substantial fragments in asymmetrical distribution that the reference did not discuss. The reference made serious effort to include a small planet at 315 day period, but failed on two accounts. First the 6 planet model found a 1300 day period and a 168 day period, but the 315 day period was absent. Second the stability calculations showed that 168 days and 315 days periods would interfere with each other, tending to prevent the smaller mass from forming a conventional planet. The reference did not rule out the possibility of smaller planets in the system.

The study of 315 days period is important in that it resides in the middle of the habitable zone. It would be a monumental finding if an earth like planet of less than 2 earth masses could be found there. The researchers tried hard to find a habitable planet at 315 day period, but they were careful to avoid mistakes. The data did not support a 315 day period for a major planet. Astrojed (talk) 21:35, 27 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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New RV measurement
At phys.org, at arXiv. 4 planets are confirmed. --mfb (talk) 20:15, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Note the study confirms e & f, finds g & h, and refutes b, c, d. I think we should update the article with the new data and flag the first three as "probably disproven". Frankly, at this point, all I'd be willing to put money on is that there is a planetary system.  Tarl N.  ( discuss ) 17:13, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * It looks like e and f are clearly confirmed, but I'm not sure what is going on closer to the star. --mfb (talk) 17:49, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Can we make it more clear and in subsequent exoplanet discoveries, the method of detection, whether radial velocity or transit? This will help clarify the resulting data for casual readers: i.e., Since transit photometry measurements have yet to be made successfully for Tau Ceti, any actual radii of its exoplanets is a rough estimate. Kortoso (talk) 18:13, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Transit photometry measurements are not likely since TC's relatively low rotational velocity measurements may indicate that Tau Ceti is being viewed from nearly the direction of its pole.Kortoso (talk) 19:13, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115311/http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/seti/seti_history_05.html to http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/seti/seti_history_05.html
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Spectral class, G8 vs K1?
An IP editor is repeatedly changing the article to change the spectral class of Tau Ceti from G8 to K1. The reference we have cited (and my own textbooks) specify G8. Anyone know what's going on here? Tarl N. ( discuss ) 01:35, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * No idea. They're practically the same class, but better to stick with the reference. Praemonitus (talk) 01:50, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm at 3RR, and the editor isn't responding to talk page (here or their own), or edit comments. He's also fiddling with K-type main-sequence star and G-type main-sequence star to enforce his changes. I've reported him to WP:ANI/3RR, but not getting any action there (what, do they think it's a weekend or something? :-). Tarl N. ( discuss ) 01:54, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Well I reverted the last, but I'll hold off now until the report is resolved. Praemonitus (talk) 02:14, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Blocked, so hopefully they'll notice their talk page when they next try to edit. Thanks, Tarl N. ( discuss ) 02:24, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * If that doesn't work, they could always semi-protect the article for a while. I went looking for a source for the K1 class, but the nearest I found was NSTARS which shows G8.5V. Praemonitus (talk) 14:20, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Looking at their edit history, I found a comment that suggests the editor believes mass and spectral class are directly related by a precise formula. So presumably what we're seeing is WP:OR, and mistaken. The IP has been blocked for a couple of days, which should lead the editor to look at their talk page. Hopefully we'll see a reaction there. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 15:29, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

Tau Ceti i
I wonder if Tau Ceti d or i should be included in the planet box. I know I made the edits, but considering what happened with Proxima d, maybe we should err on the side of caution. TheWhistleGag (talk) 21:03, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Since this is an encyclopedia, I think we should err on the side of caution and mostly stick to reliable, conservative results. A decade from now this may all have changed. Praemonitus (talk) 04:55, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * By the way, what's the cite for i? The mass strikes me as incorrect - we're not exactly likely to know an upper limit on the mass. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 05:15, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/tau_cet_i/. It links to the paper already cited since it states that the planet has to be less than 5 MJ. I did some simple math to determine its Earth mass value and its orbital period from its SMA. TheWhistleGag (talk)
 * While the planet has had an edit war, I have added the ref where i has been possibly discovered and removed any original research. TheWhistleGag (talk) 03:46, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

I have added research that may support the existence of Tau Ceti i, if only indirectly. It was featured in the news and shows that dry super-Earths tend to have Jovian companions. While it may not be the most fascinating, and it is not a direct confirmation of the planet, I felt it was something just to throw out there. TheWhistleGag (talk) 23:38, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
 * That's WP:OR, which is not allowed. All it shows is that they may be a giant planet (>0% chance); it does not confirm that the said planet is your component 'i'. Also your Deitrich and Apai (2008) reference does not appear to constitute an independent confirmation, since they are just rehashing the same data. Praemonitus (talk) 01:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * This is not completely original research: it is from a paper that has been peer-reviewed and published in astronomical journals. I understand that the Dietrich reference is rehashing some of the same data, but it does say that its mass would be more equivalent to 1–2 Jupiter masses instead of less than 5. I have erred on the side of caution with adding planet j (and dubious candidate k), but the fact that the analysis detects b and c is somewhat good news. TheWhistleGag (talk) 04:12, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Unless the paper specifically mentions Tau Ceti i, it is you who is assembling the information in an original way. We're an encyclopedia, not a research group. Praemonitus (talk) 15:20, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Understood. I will remove the extra citation. TheWhistleGag (talk) 17:12, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not suggesting you remove it, just don't use it for OR. Thanks. Praemonitus (talk) 19:05, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Resources
New paper An Integrated Analysis with Predictions on the Architecture of the τ Ceti Planetary System, Including a Habitable Zone Planet https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.14675.pdf 2600:8804:4904:8A00:4D68:99B3:D01E:254B (talk) 00:46, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

"Tau Ceit" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tau_Ceit&redirect=no Tau Ceit] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 14:37, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

Corrections regarding the 2017 paper & its conclusions
The 2017 paper was not a refinement by the same team which published the candidates in 2012, there are some shared authors but that is the extent of it. Also nowhere does it confirm e and f as any more than candidates, they are merely the only two candidates from the 2012 paper recovered in 2017. Certainly robust candidates but this does not mean confirmed planets. I have updated the table accordingly as well. Xiphosura Talk∞Edits 02:53, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Since it seems more specific clarification may be required, this is the 2017 paper I am referring to.
 * Firstly, the title is "Four Planet Candidates around τ Ceti", note that they do not say "Four planets" or "Two confirmed planets", it is four candidates. Furthermore "we conclude that the signals with periods of 20, 49, 160, and 600 days are genuine Keplerian candidates. " (underlining added by me).
 * For Tau Ceti f specifically: "The determination of the inner boundary of this scattered disc may help to confirm the existence of the 600 days candidate." The paper itself states that it has yet to be confirmed and further study is required.
 * In addition, a 2021 paper (which refers to tau ceti as HD 10700) does not confirm any of the planetary candidates, despite the fact that simulated planets were detected: "As this star does not show any significant planetary signal, we also injected a fake planetary signal to demonstrate that YARARA processing was not altering planetary signals."
 * The candidates remain unconfirmed by scientific literature, which is to be regarded as more authoritative than planetary databases, even from NASA. It is not original research to consider scientific consensus. Xiphosura Talk∞Edits 03:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I've wondered about that myself. Those databases can list planets as confirmed even when there is no independent confirmation published. I just assumed it was done via private communication. Praemonitus (talk) 05:53, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tau Ceti


text:
Category:Monmouth County, New Jersey

Articles and categories related to Monmouth County, New Jersey.

title: Category:Monmouth County, New Jersey


text:
List of near-Earth asteroids by distance from Sun

This list contains many notable near-Earth asteroids organised by their average distance from the Sun, and includes the planets and distances for comparability. It does not pretend to completeness.


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Talk:Quechuan languages

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Deanname.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

redirect
I'm confused - can someone explain why Qu redirects here? -- Chuq 02:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * My guess would be becuase qu is the ISO language name for quechua (ie. en=english) The bellman 13:18, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

This is a good article, however, shouldn't it redirect from Quechua to Runa Simi? I can understand that most people know the language as Quechua, but it's a bit like having Inuktitut redirect to "Eskimo language." It would be perfectly appropriate, if you argue that Quechua is the English name, like Spanish for "Español", but it's not, it's a Spanish borrowing (whose origin I don't know). If there was an English word, it'd be something along the lines of "Roona See-mee" or an equally odd-looking approximation.

Atomsprengja 01:23, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I've talked to the one Professor who teaches the language at the Ohio State University, and he calls it "Quechua" in English. That's good enough for me, and because that's what it gets referred to as in English, I think it's a good name for the article.  If you came to the university and asked to learn Quechua, they'd send you to the Spanish and Portuguese department to talk to this guy, but if you asked to learn Runa Simi, you'd be told it's not offered here.Mitchell Powell (talk) 19:21, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

controversy
The validity of the Quechumaran Proposal is very controversial. Many are against combining the Quechuan and Aymaran families into this stock. The claims against the proposal have also been highly criticized. They may be related but the evidence is currently inconclusive. Interested readers are recommended to consult the summaries in the following:

 * Campbell, Lyle. (1995). The Quechumaran hypothesis and lessons for distant genetic comparison. Diachronica, 12, 157-200.
 * Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of native America (pp. 273-283). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.

- Ish ishwar 05:59, 2005 Feb 24 (UTC)

 * Yeah, there's really no genetic relation between quechua and aymara. For example, the suffix for plural in quechua is "-kuna", but in aymara it's "-naka"; This kind of sustancial differences shows it. --Huhsunqu 14:02, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

-

The point of having articles named XXX language is disambiguation, not to follow unofficial standard. Since there is to my knowledge no "Quechua people", I don't see the point of such a move. See Esperanto and Inuktitut for an example of language articles that simply don't need the extra "language"-addition. I would like to avoid yet more unnecessary mistakes like that of Urdu language. That move was obviously made by someone who didn't read the info at WikiProject Languages properly.

Peter Isotalo 22:07, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no -article- Quechua people, but there definitely are Quechua people. Some of the articles which link to Quechua are referring to the people, as well, for instance Puno Region. Eliot 22:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, there's no Quechua People. Some people wants to group all peruvian (also bolivian and ecuatorian) Andean etnies as a single one but, once again, there's more than one Quechua speaking etny. --Huhsunqu 04:30, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand. Well, I would withdraw the proposed move, but it looks like someone has already done it. I'd support moving it back, though. I also think we should have an article about the groups of people who speak Quechua, but I apparently am not the one to write it. Eliot 14:31, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

---There is no ´one Quechua people´, but there are Quechua Nations in the Andes. And a ´peruvian quechua community´ for example.

--Quechua General lingua franca incaica was Quechua-IIB, thus was Quechua ´Chinchay norteño`. This language was used in the dictionary of Domingo de Santo Tomás and from this Quechua the Spanish took their new words like ´tambo´, ´condor´, -bamba´. A variety of Lingua Franca incaica is used in the Manuscript of Huarochiri. --Quechua General colonial (quechua clásico) was the quechua standarized by the Spanish and was Quechua-IIC, thus sureño. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.194.60.5 (talk) 12:01, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

Hi everyone, Sí, muchos quieren identificar los Andes con un solo grupo de personas por ignorancia y por el clásico afán de reduccionismo y esterotipación occidental, pero hay una diversidad muy rica en los Andes. Ademas, no solo los quechuas hablan quechua: aimaras, mestizos, y diferentes pueblos de la amazonia de Perú, Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile y Brasil (migrantes) también hablan Quechua. En tiempos pre-hispánicos, los mochica, los puquina, y otros pueblos cuyas lenguas han muerto también lo hablaban, el bilingüismo era bastante extendido por el mundo andino. Además, Quechua fue un nombre no de un pueblo o etnia en particular, sino de una región geográfica: Quechua es la región de valles intermedios. La gente asoció el idioma de esta gente con la gente misma (lo que por supuesto es muy común). Por eso, también existían los yungas, los chunchos, etc. Tupananchikama!

I think the person above got confused. For the benefit of any non-Spanish speakers-

Yes, many people want to identify the Andes with a single group of people out of ignorance and from the classic enthusiasm for reductionism and western stereotyping, but there is a rich diversity in the Andes. Also, it's not only the quechuas who speak Quechua: aymaras, mestizos, and different peoples from the Peruvian amazon, �Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and Brazil (migrants) also speak Quechua. In pre-hispanic times, the mochicas, puquina, and other people whose languages have died also spoke it, as bilingualism was quite extended over the Andean world. Also, Quechua was a name not of a people or ethny in particular, but of a geographic region: Quechua is the region of intermediate valleys. The people associated the language of those people with the people themselves (which I suppose is pretty common). For that reason there also existed the yungas, the chunchos, etc. Tupananchikama!

and from me- Tlin!

71.240.161.241 00:31, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I think several posters have confused different issues. One is the idea (mistaken) that all Andean peoples are Quechua speakers. They are right to reject this notion since the Andes are home to speakers of many languages. Another is the idea that all Quechua speakers belong to the same ethnicity. Also untrue, just like not all English speakers are of English ethnicity, nor all Spanish speakers of Spanish ethnicity. There's a third idea that because of these two previous facts, there is no such thing as the Quechua people or Quechua ethnicity. This final point is, however, untrue. There most certainly is a Quechua people and a Quechua identity, and this identity, as is the case with many other ethnicities, has sub-divisions and fuzzy boundaries. At times it makes more sense to speak of Quechua peoples and ethnic identities, in the plural, just as it can, at times, make sense to talk of, say, French identities or Chinese identities or USA identities.

 * To say that there is a Quechua ethnicity does not deny that in the Andes there are many other languages spoken: Aymara, Spanish, etc. It's the same with the categories "Peruvian people" or "Peruvian ethnicity": neither of these concepts are contradicted by the presence of other peopels or ethnicities in Peru. Likewise, to say there is a Quechua people/ethnicity is not inconsistent with the fact that many Quechua speakers belong to other ethnicities/peoples.

 * The most important criteria are the existence of people who share some commonality (in language, religion, culture, territory, or history) and the existence of some explicit awareness of such commonality. In Peru, there certainly is a Quechua identity which exists in a non-mutually exclusive relation with other ethnicities (Peruvian, local). In Peru, there are many people who say "Soy Quechua" and not just "Hablo Quechua". They say this because, for them, "Quechua" is something one can be and not just speak. Inter lingua talk email 13:24, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Writing system section

 * Quechua has been written using the Roman alphabet since

Okay, but exactly which characters are in its alphabet, and in what order? The article should either answer this, or explain why it can't be asked. 65.57.245.11 22:39, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The spelling conventions differ by dialect, and there are at least three spelling systems, as the article explains. An appropriate place to explain them all would be in the article on Cusco-Collao; we should really move away from putting too much dialect-specific information in this article.   Zompist 03:01, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Grammar section
Which type of Quechua is this written for? My guess is "southern Quechua" based on the above section, but it doesn't really say. It is slightly different from the Quechua I study (Qusqu). E.g. we see "-rqa" written for past sometimes, but always say "-ra" for past. Also switching "n" for "m"'s.. well the specifics aren't too important, someone that really knows should just put a sentence in saying what "type" of Quechua this grammar refers to. User:Kinser

 * As the article has come from many hands, it's a bit piecemeal. At the moment most of the examples in the Grammar section use Ayacucho spelling, though there are some Cusco forms in there too. Zompist 03:45, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Personal pronouns: Inclusive and Exclusive "We" and plural

Just curious, is there any other Native American languages other than Quechua that has the distinction of an inclusive "we" and exclusive "we"? I originally thought this is a characteristic of Standard Mandarin (Beijing, Tianjin) but later found it it is also the case in Mongolian. Also the way of adding a suffix to the singular form to make it a plural form is also a common grammar practice in almost all the Chinese languages that I know.

Karolus 2006/08/29

 * See Clusivity. This feature is far from unique to these languages; it's found throughout the world and really, absolutely common in the Americas. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 12:59, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

Proposed merger with Kichwa
I'd say no; that would be like merging "Portuguese" with "Romance". With 2.5 million speakers, Kichwa is a very respectable Amerindian language on its own-- more widely spoken than anything north of the Rio Grande. And we already have articles on other varieties of Quechua, those of Cuzco and Ayacucho. Zompist 14:49, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

I would either have one article contain all Quechua varieties (with chapters on Cuzqueno, Kishwa, etc.), or a Category "Quechua languages" with separate articles on each variety. Unoffensive text or character 08:29, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Zompist. The Category:Quechuan languages already exists, as well as the main article Quechuan languages. No changes are necessary. -- PhJ 08:16, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

By the way, there is some detailed information on Kichwa in the German Kichwa article de:Kichwa showing the considerable differences to Southern Quechua. -- PhJ 08:36, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Quechua in Chile
Concerning the recent edition/reversion: Regarding the presence of Quechua in Chile, the only definite source I could come up with, is: http://csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/sitios/lenguas/estadolg.htm It says here: "Comparativamente, la vigencia del quechua, actualmente, es mínima. Según Lehnert, "en el presente el Quechua es hablado por algunos ancianos en las áreas de Cupo-Turi, y por algunos habitantes en Toconce y Estación San Pedro, como resultado del asentamiento de mano de obra que vive indistintamente en ambos sectores de la línea fonteriza Chile-Bolivia y muy de acuerdo con sus patrones de vida andinos" (Lehnert, 1981: 31). No proporciona información sobre número de hablantes. Luego, habría también hablantes de quechua, igualmente ancianos, en Arica e Iquique. Ellos procederían de Bolivia, llegando a trabajar en las minas y salitreras del norte, a comienzos de este siglo. Posteriormente se radicaron en esas ciudades. No se dispone de mayores antecedentes al respecto." I read this as follows: There are a few villages near the Bolivian border where Quechua used to be the traditional language of the community, but there were only a few elderly speakers left in 1981 (or whenever Lehnert did his fieldwork). As that was 25 years ago, we can reasonably assume most of them to be deceased by now. Then, there are some speakers of Quechua in Arica and Iquique, but these are immigrants to the country and should not count here, as there are certainly more speakers of Quechua in New York or San Francisco, and we do not seriously want to list those towns here. I conclude from this that Quechua in Chile is either dead or in its very last stages. However, I will not revert the recent changes before having discussed the matter here.Unoffensive text or character 09:01, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The Ethnologue shows over 4500 speakers of Quechua in Chile:, though it's not stated when the information dates to. Note that since Quechua certainly was spoken in Chile, even if it's not today it would be better to say "...formerly Chile" in the geographical distribution rather than simply remove it. Zompist 16:12, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

The Ethnologue is in many cases unreliable. Anyway, I agree that "formerly Chile" or "Chile (moribund or extinct)" would be the best solution.Unoffensive text or character 08:53, 3 November 2006 (UTC) Oh, by the way, Zompist: The Ethnologue shows over 4500 "ethnic population" and specifies "there may be no Quechua speakers in Chile".Unoffensive text or character 08:56, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * There's no problem with being specific, here; we don't have to be succinct. We could say "and a small, nearly exitinct following in Chile", or something like that. -Patstuart(talk)(contribs) 16:43, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * All the more reason to get rid of the Languages of Chilean navigation template!--Gacelo 16:52, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Ecuador
Quechua is "indigenous languages official in own territories in Ecuador", according to the most recent edit. Does anyone know how those "own territories" are defined? Is there a map somewhere on the web where they can be looked up?Unoffensive text or character 09:43, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I could be wrong, but I think that the government recognizes ayllus as legitimate governmental bodies, and allows that Quechua is the official language in such ayllus. --Descendall 06:24, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * According to the Constitution of Ecaudor: "El castellano es el idioma oficial. El quichua, el shuar y los demás idiomas ancestrales son de uso oficial para los pueblos indígenas, en los términos que fija la ley." "Castillian is the official language. Quichua, Shuar and the other ancestral languages are of official use for the indigenous pueblos, in the terms fixed by law."  Of course pueblo here probably means "people" but could also mean towns.  --Descendall 06:29, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Official status
I also now note that Peru's constitution says "Spanish and, in areas where they predominate, Quechua, Aymara, and other native languages are official languages, according to the law" and Bolivia's constitution simply says that the languages of indigenous people are "respected and protected within the framework of the law." --Descendall 06:36, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Trillion?
Did we skip billion for a reason, or is the trillion in the numbers a typo?

Proposed merger with "Quechuan languages"
At 17:48, 14 May 2007 User:Gacelo proposed merging this article with Quechuan languages without a comment. I think there is no necessity to merge the two articles, as this article (Quechua) mainly deals with the language itself, with sociolinguistic aspects and history, whereas "Quechuan languages" is about classification of the varieties of the Quechua languages. The term "Quechuan languages" is highly disputed because some linguist consider it one single language. Therefore the Spanish article has been named es:Variantes del Quechua. -- PhJ 07:06, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The distinction between language vs. dialect and small language family vs. language is notoriously contested, but and even the "mutual intelligibility" criterion, the most popular tool to help settle this kind of issue, is not straightforward at all. However, I think to call Quechua a single language stretches it and is misleading. I do get the impression that the comparison with Slavic, Arabic, Scandinavian/Norse, Tibetic and perhaps Sinitic (sans Min) is fair: The relationship is undoubtedly close and the similarity unmistakable, but in order to describe the grouping is just a little too incoherent to describe it as a single language; it's probably better considered at the very least four, or rather ten (or so) closely related languages. I note that the Spanish article is now at es:Lenguas quechuas and es:Variantes del Quechua has been deleted. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 16:00, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

adverbs comment by 85.60.51.20
Here is a comment was written by 85.60.51.20 that I'm moving from the article to here:

"I do not have the reference for the following to hand however I have read that the above is how the ancient Greeks perceived the world. For instance - picture a time-line, oriented left to right where leftwards indicates the past and rightwards indicates the future. A person from ancient Greece and a speaker of Quecha would place a pictorial representation of themselves with their eyes fixed leftwards watching the past unfold before their eyes. It is an interesting intersection of metaphor, orientation an epistemology. The European model has the orientation of the perceiver reversed. I would not privilege either word-view."

Hope this is useful, Lisatwo 13:26, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * This is sometimes called the "ascending time" and "descending time" metaphor, for example here on p. 375, or "moving-ego" vs. "moving-events" in cognitive linguistics, compare Aymara language. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 14:51, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

More info on classification/relationship please
I have a background in linguistics, but I confess my ignorance of the indiginous languages of Central and South America. This is a very interesting article, but I would like to know more about how this language is classified. What are its familial affiliations (or is it an isolate)? Is it related to any other languages/families in the Americas? Has a "proto-Quechua" been identified and/or linked to other languages? Most other language articles have this info, or at least acknowledge its non-existence, if appropriate. Thanks.--William Thweatt Talk | Contribs 15:37, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Qhapaq Runasimi
User:Mary Tania added the following to the article:

 * It is important to know that the word "Quechua" or "Qheswa" is not the real name of the language of the Incas. The proper title to their language given by the Incas was "Qhapaq Runasimi", "The Great Language of the people" (Qhapaq = great, Runa = People, Simi = language). The word Quechua was given by Dominican priest Pedro Aparicio in the times of the conquest in 1540 misundestanding the meaning. The root of the word 'quechua' means, taken away by force,"quechuanchis" were called the Spaniards by the Incas an expression that means all together, killers, thiefs.
 * Quechuy = means, expropiar, robar by force.
 * Quechuypa = is a verb wich it means = the action of stealing.
 * To all of you who read this statement I ask you to refer to the descendenst of the Inca Impire not as a indigenous people because they weren't. The Inca Empire is to be seen as one of the great Cultures in the world. It will only be fair to refer to their present people as the "Inca descendents" and to their language not as Quechua but as the "Qhapaq Runasimi".

 * Manan "KECHUWACHU" nitaq "QHESACHU" sutinqa. Sutinqa = Qhapaq Runasimin Tawantinsuyu Incakunaq Simin Llapan.

An encyclopedia isn't the place for advocacy. The article already gives the Quechua name for the language. The other statements above need to be given sources. My sources (e.g. Mannheim (p. 7) and Cerrón-Palomino (p. 33), listed in the references; the dictionary of the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua; see also the Spanish version of this article) give the etymology of Quechua as qichwa, Cusqueño qhishwa, 'temperate valley', rather than qichuy. Anyway 'robbers' would be something like qichuqkuna. Zompist (talk) 16:53, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

About borrowings from Spanish
Because of the lack of an actual organization regulator of Quechua, I think we need to maintain the Spanish orthography in those words which come from it. Since the pronunciation depends on the speaker's knowlege of Spanish, any borrowing from it could be pronounced as it is in Spanish (e. g.: chofer (driver) -> /chofer/), if the speaker actually speaks Spanish, or has had any contact with it (as it is in the majority of cases), or as the speaker could (e. g.: chofer (driver) -> /chufir/). So, it is necessary, in my opinion, that we write every borrowing as it is done in the original language.--Le K-li (talk) 14:26, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Many scholars and educators who use Quechua would disagree. (Take a look at the Quechua Wikipedia, for instance.)  In any case the sentences with chufir are taken from Clotoaldo Soto Ruiz's textbooks; I don't think it's appropriate for an encyclopedia to second-guess the best grammarians of the language. Zompist (talk) 16:51, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I write in the Quechua Wikipedia, and actually they agree with me!! But I know many educators would disagree. My opinion is based on what a native speaker told me (who, in fact, is my Quechua teacher), and when you listen to them, they use several expressions in Spanish, as they must be pronounced, without any problem. Nowadays, there's nearly no Quechua-speaking person who doesn't speaks Spanish as well.--Le K-li (talk) 23:00, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * PS: I learn Quechua with the Soto Ruiz's book!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Le K-li (talk • contribs) 23:04, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Nominative case
So in Quechua linguistics, one doesn't talk about a "nominative case", which is of course "the noun itself", but is regarded as a case in most other languages? Belgian man (talk) 20:44, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

In fact one does talk about the nominative. (Soto Ruiz and Cerron-Palomino do, for instance.) Zompist (talk) 05:56, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Okay. I assume the nominative can be listed among the cases then. Thus, Quechua has 20 cases? Belgian man (talk) 12:51, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

 * That's a little trickier... I'm not sure that all the things listed on the page are cases. Quechua has a lot of suffixes, and grammars classify them differently.  One grammar I have here (Itier) lists just nominative, accusative, genitive, allative, ablative, locative, instrumental, associative, benefactive, comparative, terminative, causative, and translative; others are particles or derivational suffixes.  Other grammars have slightly different lists.   Zompist (talk) 15:40, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Okay I see. As a beginner, I am learning Quechua with the Lonely Planet phrasebook ;) Belgian man (talk) 20:07, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Fernando Avendano
The article about Fernando Avendano, who was a 17th century Catholic priest in Peru, ends with the sentences "Of great importance to linguistics are his Sermones de los misterios de nuestra santa Fe católica, published in 1649 by the order of the Archbishop of Lima, Petro Villagomez. These sermons were delivered in Quichua, and are published with their translation into Spanish." Could one of you experts take a look and decide whether "Quichua" is the right word, and whether it should redirect (as it does now) to "Kichwa"? Thanks. 24.36.74.15 (talk) 02:56, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm no expert, but I do know Spanish, and in Spanish 'Quichua' and 'Kichwa' would be pronounced identically, if that helps at all.Mitchell Powell (talk) 19:28, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

revert
I reverted this edit for two reasons:
 * i) The number of possible speakers in Chile has already been discussed and agreed upon here;
 * ii) The number of 1,500 speakers in Brazil lacks reference.Unoffensive text or character (talk) 12:01, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Sacsayhuamán proposed for renaming
There is an ongoing discussion at Sacsayhuamán about a possible rename to Sacsayhuaman, without diacritics. Users watching this page might be interested in voicing their opinions at Talk:Sacsayhuamán. --Victor12 (talk) 19:48, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

merge
Quechua is a nice article, but duplicates either Quechuan languages or the various articles on individual Quechua languages. I don't see a point to having all three. kwami (talk) 23:01, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * This has been suggested before. See Talk:Quechuan languages. Zompist (talk) 20:28, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's ambiguous. So why not just move the family here? Or redirect this article there? There's a lot of duplicate info. kwami (talk) 00:41, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * If there's duplicate info, we should either merge or articulate some sort of criterion of scope for each article since they also seem to be covering more or less the same topic. — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi]  02:19, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

It seems odd that Quechua would be about the language and the Quechua people are relegated to Quechuas. Merging the language information on this page with Quechuan languages makes sense, then move Quechuas to this page. -Uyvsdi (talk) 03:02, 29 April 2009 (UTC)Uyvsdi

The Quechuan languages article had no information in it that was not in this article apart from a table of cognates, which would fit just as easily here in the classification section, and a few tidbits such as an iso5 code. They were a WP:content fork, and as such I merged them. (If anyone ever does enough work on them so that the "family" is distinct from the "language", as is the case with Chinese, or if we think of a more meaningful target for 'Quechua' as an official language, we can of course split them up again, but given the sorry state they're in, that will probably be a long time.) A large number of the links to Quechua are about the people rather than the language, so I've moved the dab page to that name. This is the convention followed by nearly every pair of people/language articles on WP, following the MOS. I'm now going through the 800 main-space links and redirecting the more important ones, such as the country articles. — kwami (talk) 05:21, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

Change of localization image
Should the Quechua Speaking World image be changed with the new version at the right?

The new image shows a easier to read map, because it only shows the quechua zone; and also this image is in the SVG raster image format. Ularevalo98 (talk) 02:27, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

Adessive
Is the translation for the adessive case in the table correct? It says the same as for the accusative case, this doesn't seem right. Nothingbutmeat (talk) 22:57, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Good catch. It isn't an adessive, which is a form of locative; -ntin is used for ‘in the company of X’, ‘the whole of X [time units]’, or ‘a group of X [numbers]’. Zompist (talk) 23:16, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I see you've changed it to comitative, that makes a lot more sense! If I may venture a criticism, I'd say the order of the cases is a bit strange, is there a particular thought behind their order in the list? I would have grouped the "basic" cases (nom., acc., dat. etc) together first, then the locative cases and so on. Nothingbutmeat (talk) 22:50, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Khipu a semiotic system that stands in for writing?
Dr. Galen Brokaw argues in A History of the Khipu (Cambridge U P, 2010), that the khipu is a semiotic system that stands in for writing, despite traditional allegations that Andean peoples had no writing but were only oral cultures.

cf Quipu

Ocdnctx (talk) 01:39, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Map image
The new image was proposed few years ago, and it was added to article. However, there is no reason given why (only) Bolivia is highlighted in darkest colour. The article says most speakers are in Peru, second most in Bolivia. It is official language in both Bolivia and Peru. So, there is no reason to have only Bolivia in darkest colour. Or is there? If there is, it was not explained but it should be. 82.141.118.227 (talk) 02:41, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

Why Quechua? According to the article: "At the time of the conquest, the Incans referred to their language as "runasimi", only later to be mistakenly called quechua by conquistadors."

How could they mistake "Quechea" for "Runasimi"? Does the word "Quechea" mean something in Spanish? The "explanation" makes no sense as it stands. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.100.118.29 (talk) 18:46, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

The entire section History: origins and divergence looks to have been cribbed intact from some other source, by someone who really didn't understand what it meant, and thus couldn't paraphrase it. Crappy section as a result, that needs to be reworked by someone who does understand it.67.242.49.221 (talk) 23:35, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

Classification section clarification please
> There is a sharp dichotomy in Quechua between the varieties of the central Peruvian highlands and the peripheral varieties of Ecuador on the > one hand and southern Peru and Bolivia on the other. These are labeled Quechua I (or Quechua B, central) and Quechua II (or Quechua A, peripheral).

seems to be a contradiction, I am not an expert but should the first sentence read: if not please clarify

> There is a sharp dichotomy in Quechua between the varieties of the central Peruvian highlands on the one hand and the peripheral varieties of Ecuador, > southern Peru and Bolivia on the other. These are labeled Quechua I (or Quechua B, central) and Quechua II (or Quechua A, peripheral). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gene Thomas (talk • contribs) 17:02, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The phrasing is not optimal, but I think it refers to the fact that the peripheral varieties are split between northern and southern varieties, i. e., varieties spoken north of the central Quechua varieties (which are found in central Peru) – namely in Ecuador and northern Peru – on the one hand, and varieties spoken to the south of central Quechua – in southern Peru and Bolivia. Compare the map. This is really rather tricky to express. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 13:19, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

Phonetics/Pronunciation.
A section of phonetics/pronunciation should be started. --Dorpater (talk) 19:47, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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-- Note to copyeditors: I am sad to see that this is tagged as "not following policy" on external links, because the external links here are useful for people learning the language who do not live in Peru. I hope you'll consider making theses articles on languages useful for people who are actually learning the language, not only for linguists! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.166.93.253 (talk) 16:48, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

Quechua in Chile once more
As the outcome of a discussion that took place in 2006, the number of Quechua speakers was changed to "few, if any". This was supported by http://csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/sitios/lenguas/estadolg.htm, which is now to be found here. ''Comparativamente, la vigencia del quechua, actualmente, es mínima. Según Lehnert, "en el presente el Quechua es hablado por algunos ancianos en las áreas de Cupo-Turi, y por algunos habitantes en Toconce y Estación San Pedro, como resultado del asentamiento de mano de obra que vive indistintamente en ambos sectores de la línea fonteriza Chile-Bolivia y muy de acuerdo con sus patrones de vida andinos" (Lehnert, 1981: 31). No proporciona información sobre número de hablantes. Luego, habría también hablantes de quechua, igualmente ancianos, en Arica e Iquique. Ellos procederían de Bolivia, llegando a trabajar en las minas y salitreras del norte, a comienzos de este siglo. Posteriormente se radicaron en esas ciudades. No se dispone de mayores antecedentes al respecto."

This is further supported by Alain Fabre, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Quechua, p. 84

''Chile: quizás se hable todavía en algunos lugares aislados de la prov. de Antofagasta, en el altiplano cercano a Bolivia, pero no existe ninguna confirmación actual al respecto. Hacia los años 20, Hanson (1926) afirma que Aiquina [en el río Salado, afluente del Loa, a unos 75 kms. al este de la ciudad de Calama] y Caspana [a 16 kms. al este de Ayquina, al pie del monte de Cablor, a unos 30 kms. en línea derecha al oeste del geyser de Tatío, en la frontera boliviana] eran bilingües quechua-español, mientras en el pueblo de Toconce [a unos 25 kms. al norte de Caspana y hacia el oeste del cerro Linzor], se hablaba aymara y español. De todas maneras, en esta zona, tanto el quechua como el aymara se hablaron sobre un substrato kunza. Lehnert (1981-82, citado por Sánchez 1993-94) dice que algunos ancianos todavía hablan el quechua en Cupo y Turi [dos pueblitos ], así como en Toconce y Estación San Pedro.''

The claim that there are 8,200 speakers in Chile according to the 2002 census is certainly wrong, as the census did not ask for language use or proficiency. I will therefore revert that claim to "few, if any". Yupanqui (talk) 09:20, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Wrong word → nonsense
The lead paragraph ends with:
 * It is perhaps most widely known for being the main language of the Inca Empire and was disseminated by the colonisers throughout their reign but ultimately survived and has since then evolved, and variants are still widely spoken today.

That's literally nonsense; whoever wrote it didn't know what "disseminate" means:
 * 1: to spread abroad as though sowing seed · disseminate ideas
 * 2: to disperse throughout
 * —Merriam-Webster

So the colonizers spread the language but it survived? No. To quote § History, just below that,
 * After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century, Quechua continued to be used widely by the indigenous peoples as the "common language". It was officially recognized by the Spanish administration and many Spanish learned it in order to communicate with the local peoples.[8] Clergy of the Catholic Churchadopted Quechua to use as the language of evangelization. Given its use by the Catholic missionaries, the range of Quechua continued to expand in some areas.
 * In the late 18th century, colonial officials ended administrative and religious use of Quechua, banning it from public use in Peru after the Túpac Amaru II rebellion of indigenous peoples.[5] The Crown banned even "loyal" pro-Catholic texts in Quechua, such as Garcilaso de la Vega's Comentarios Reales.[9]
 * Despite a brief revival of the language immediately after the Latin American nations achieved independence in the 19th century, the prestige of Quechua had decreased sharply. Gradually its use declined so that it was spoken mostly by indigenous people in the more isolated and conservative rural areas. Nevertheless, in the 21st century, those speaking Quechua language speakers number 8 to 10 million people across South America,[5] the most speakers of any indigenous language.

I'm changing that sentence in the lead paragraph to
 * The colonisers initially encouraged its use, but from the middle of their reign they suppressed it. But Quechua ultimately survived, evolving as all languages do, and variants are still widely spoken today.

--Thnidu (talk) 03:13, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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native pronunciations of the language names missing!
The native pronunciations of "Quechua" and "Runasimi" are missing. And shouldn't that be "Runa Simi" in two words, or is the link to the Quechuan Wikipedia spelled wrong?! It's spelled as one word on https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhichwa_simi --Espoo (talk) 20:52, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Mahal kita
Mahal kita 49.149.183.41 (talk) 05:33, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

Quechua language
Quechua language redirects here. However, as a non-specialist, my understanding is that references to a "Quechua language" almost always refer to Southern Quechua. Is this correct? --Florian Blaschke (talk) 01:33, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quechuan languages


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Beachwear

=Essays= People are objecting to this page because "it's an essay"(paraphrasing); I don't understand this objection totally. I guess it's explained at What_Wikipedia_is_not #9, i.e. No_original_research. But the facts in a personal essay should be saved from the opinions, assuming the topic is encyclopedic. Simply because an article currently contains only a personal essay is not a reason to delete or keep it. Is there somewhere else I should put these concerns? JesseW 02:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC) =Is Beachwear encyclopedic?= Um, it seemed on first glance to be. It's something someone can have a career designing, modeling, manufacturing or marketing, so should it not have an article? Why would an article on operawear be obviously wrong? Please tell me if I'm missing something. JesseW 02:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC) =Beachwear versus operawear= I think a better analogy would be that having an article on beachwear is as valid as having an article on formalwear, black tie, or on business attire, or mess dress. I think beachwear, businesswear, etc., are broader and of more general interest than specific activity wear like operawear. Beachwear spans a broad range of activities from swimming, to sunbathing, to playing various sports like beach volleyball, to use in urban beach settings, and other situations that are beachlike. Operawear seems much more narrow in scope. Glogger 02:46, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Peachtree Road (album)

Peachtree Road is the twenty-seventh studio album by English musician Elton John, released on 9 November 2004. The album was named after Peachtree Road, the northern part of Peachtree Street in Atlanta, where one of John's four homes is located. This is the only album during his long career on which John has sole credit as producer, although on some previous projects he was listed as a co-producer, with Clive Franks (on A Single Man, 21 at 33 and parts of The Fox), or Greg Penny (on Duets and Made in England). It was recorded in January 2004.

Despite its generally positive reviews, Peachtree Road was one of John's lowest-selling contemporary efforts, reaching No. 17 in the US upon its release, yet only managing No. 21 in the UK, making it one of his rare albums to miss the top ten in his homeland. In the US, it was certified gold in December 2004 by the RIAA. It debuted at No. 12 in Denmark in November 2004, its highest chart placing in that country and peaked at No. 11 in Switzerland.

Background
In addition to Nigel Olsson playing drums on all tracks, once again a permanent member of John's touring and recording band, the album features renowned gospel vocalist Adam McKnight, as well as members of Chicago contributing horns and brass arrangements. Guy Babylon was credited with playing Hammond organ and Rhodes piano instead of keyboards, which was the case on earlier albums. John Jorgenson, a member of John's band from 1995 to 2000, plays pedal steel guitar on "Turn the Lights Out When You Leave".

The album was dedicated to the memory of Gus and Sheila Dudgeon, John's original producer and his wife, who were killed in a car accident in 2002. It was re-released in July 2005 with three bonus tracks from Billy Elliot the Musical, as well as a DVD featuring nine tracks from the album performed live in Atlanta. The song "Electricity" from the musical was also released as a single in June 2005. It rose to No. 4 in the UK.

Some editions of the album included bonus—two videos for the two first singles ("Answer in the Sky" and "All That I'm Allowed"). Songs from the album debuted at The Tabernacle in Atlanta in early November. John also performed at the November 2005 Country Music Association Awards, televised live from Madison Square Garden, duetting with Dolly Parton on "Turn the Lights Out When You Leave".

Album cover
The album art on the front cover is a photograph from a railroad crossing near the Atlanta suburb of Douglasville, taken by London photographer Sam Taylor-Wood. Taken in by the American South and given complete artistic freedom, she shot thousands of photos during her week-long trip. The trip included other towns like Unadilla and Forsyth in Georgia. While she also visited Peachtree Road in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, she thought it was too busy for the album's more mellow nature. She picked several photos to present to him, and John made the final selection. Other photos from the shoot appear on the back of the album cover and in the included CD and SACD booklet.

Singles

 * "Answer in the Sky" was picked as the first single from the album and was only released in North America, reaching No. 7 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The song ended John's streak of hitting the Top 10 on that chart as a solo performer. John still charted there, however after this song his singles only reached the Top 20. This song became John's most recent single on the AC chart to reach the Top 10 in 17 years until 2021's "Cold Heart (Pnau remix)" featuring Dua Lipa, which peaked at No. 1 (originally No. 5). The music video of the song, directed by David LaChapelle, features professional dancers dancing in different places built on the studio.
 * "All That I'm Allowed", the first single released outside North America. It reached No. 20 in the UK Singles Chart and No. 24 on the US Adult Contemporary Chart. The music video features different people in their respective states, emphasizing the message and meaning of this song.
 * "Turn the Lights Out When You Leave" was the last single released from the album, it reached No. 32 in the UK Singles Chart. The music video, directed by Sam Taylor-Wood, was shot outside Los Angeles and features Thomas Jane and Desperate Housewives star Teri Hatcher doing their roles, and John as a piano player in the background, performing this song.

Track listing
Notes
 * Track 8 was titled "All That I'm Allowed" on the original 2004 release of the album but was titled "All That I'm Allowed (I'm Thankful)" on the 2005 expanded edition.
 * All tracks on the DVD recorded live at the Tabernacle, Atlanta (November 2004).

Personnel

 * Elton John – lead vocals, acoustic piano, backing vocals (1, 3, 4, 6–8, 10, 12), Rhodes piano (10)
 * Guy Babylon – programming, orchestral arrangements (1–5, 7–12), Hammond organ (2–9, 11, 12), Rhodes piano (6–9, 11)
 * Davey Johnstone – electric guitar, acoustic guitar (1–4, 7–9, 11, 12), dobro (1, 2, 6, 10), backing vocals (1, 5, 10), baritone guitar (3, 6), slide guitar (3, 5, 10), Leslie guitar (5), sitar (8), mandolin (10)
 * John Jorgenson – pedal steel guitar (4)
 * Bob Birch – bass, backing vocals (1, 5, 10)
 * Nigel Olsson – drums, backing vocals (1, 5, 10, 11)
 * John Mahon – percussion, backing vocals (1, 5, 10), programming (9, 11)
 * Larry Klimas – baritone saxophone (6)
 * Walter Parazaider – tenor saxophone (6)
 * James Pankow – trombone (6), horn arrangements (6)
 * Lee Loughnane – trumpet (6)
 * Martin Tillman – electric cello (10)

Orchestra (tracks 1–5, 7–12)
 * Steve Erodody and Martin Tillman – cello
 * Brian Dembrow, Vicki Miskolczy, Simon Oswell and Jimbo Ross – viola
 * Charlie Bisharat, Joel Derouin, Bruce Dukow, Endre Granat, Eric Hosler, Dimitrie Leiviachi, Phillip Levy, Robin Olson, Sid Page, Mark Robinson, Anatoly Rosinsky and Lisa Sutton – violin

Choir vocals
 * Charles Bullock (2, 7–9, 11, 12)
 * Terrence Davis (2, 6–9, 11, 12)
 * Todd Honeycutt (2, 6)
 * Adam McKnight (2, 6–9, 11, 12)
 * Rosalind McKnight (2, 3, 6)
 * L'Tanya Shields (2, 3, 6)
 * M. Denise Sims (2, 3, 6)
 * Alecia Terry (2, 3, 6)
 * Mark Ford (6–9, 11, 12)

Production

 * Produced by Elton John
 * Engineered and Mixed by Matt Still
 * Assistant Engineers – Jason Carson, John Holmes, Josh McDonnell, Josh "Frodo" Monroy, Rob Skipworth and Tom Tapley
 * Mixed at Right Track Recording (New York, NY)
 * Mastered by Bob Ludwig at Gateway Mastering (Portland, ME)
 * Keyboard Technicians – Tony Smith and Dale Sticha
 * Guitar Technician – Rick Salazar
 * Drum Technician – Chris Sobchack
 * Photography – Sam Taylor-Wood
 * Design – Intro
 * Management – Keith Bradley, Derek MacKillop and Frank Presland for Twenty First Artist, Ltd.

title: Peachtree Road (album)


text:
Leave Home

Leave Home is the second studio album by the American punk rock band Ramones. It was released on January 10, 1977, through Sire Records, with the expanded CD being released through Rhino Entertainment on June 19, 2001. Songs on the album were written immediately after the band's first album's writing process, which demonstrated the band's progression. The album had a higher production value than their debut Ramones and featured faster tempos. The front photo was taken by Moshe Brakha and the back cover, which would become the band's logo, was designed by Arturo Vega. The album spawned three singles, but only one succeeded in charting. It was also promoted with several tour dates in the United States and Europe.

The songs in Leave Home concentrate on various themes, with the musical tones being diverse as well. Some tunes were more pop-oriented, while others, like "Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment" and "Pinhead" were loaded with distorted guitars and had a more punk rock sound. The song "Carbona Not Glue" was taken off the album because it potentially violated the trademark of the stain-removal product Carbona. The track was replaced with "Babysitter" in the United Kingdom and "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" in the United States (prior to its inclusion on Rocket to Russia); both "Carbona" and "Babysitter" were included on the 2001 expanded edition.

Critical reception for the album was generally favorable, with several reviewers pointing out the fact that it highly resembled the band's debut album. Critics also said the album was less groundbreaking than their debut but had humorous and enjoyable pieces. The album peaked at 148 on the Billboard 200 despite its critical acclaim as well as the band members expecting more commercial success.

Background
The writing and structure are both somewhat more sophisticated than the songs on their previous record. Guitarist Johnny Ramone relates: "We recorded them in the order they were written; we wanted to show a slight progression in song structure." Most of the songs were written in the band members' homes, rather than at a studio; "Suzy Is a Headbanger" was written in drummer Tommy Ramone's loft apartment. Joey Ramone later recalled:

"I wrote most of the stuff I contributed at my apartment in Forest Hills before I left and moved back to a place in the city. I had no amp at home, just an electric guitar. I recorded it onto a cassette and played that back at rehearsal. We had better production, we were playing a little faster, and we had a lot of songs accumulated. We were in really good shape for that album."

Recorded October and November 1976 in New York City at Sundragon Studios through Sire Records, Leave Home featured increased sound quality through more advanced output methods. Sire set their budget at about $10,000, hiring Tony Bongiovi to produce the album, and Tommy Ramone (credited as T. Erdelyi) to co-produce. More emphasis was placed on the album's mixing and engineering than their debut album, which received merely $6,400 to record and produce. With a more fine-tuned and exceptional sound, Leave Home also presented a production value superior to other punk rock bands at the time. Author Joe S. Harrington called the band's production "brilliant", and noted that it "put them ahead of the run-of-the-mill garage band."

The title Leave Home refers to the Ramones' leaving New York City to go on tour around the world. The album cover was designed by Moshe Brakha, who had worked with the Rolling Stones to yield the Black and Blue (1976) cover art, and would later work with artists like Devo and Iron Maiden. The back cover of the album was a drawing of a bald eagle by graphic designer Arturo Vega. The image would soon become the band's logo.

Carbona controversy
The original release included "Carbona Not Glue" as the fifth track. However, a month before the band released Leave Home, Ramones' manager Danny Fields announced to the band that Carbona was a registered trademark and that their record label had to remove the song from the album's track listing. Legs McNeil recalled: "I was shocked. It was such a great song, so radio-friendly—like a song the Beatles or the Rolling Stones would have written if they were just starting out in 1976, with great harmonies and catchy lyrics." Although early purchasers of the Sire release got an album that included the song, "Carbona Not Glue" was later replaced by "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" for the US release, and "Babysitter" for the UK release. In the early ‘90s, after being unavailable for years, the song was bootlegged as a 45 RPM single with "I Can't Be" as the B-side. The single's cover sported a faux Sub Pop Singles design, despite not actually being released by the label. The song was revived on the 2001 Extended Edition of the album, which also included "Babysitter".

Promotion
There were three singles released from Leave Home: "I Remember You", "Swallow My Pride", and "Carbona Not Glue", released respectively. "Swallow My Pride" was the only single from Leave Home that charted, peaking at thirty-six on the United Kingdom singles chart. The album's final single, "Carbona Not Glue"/"I Can't Be", was released in 1991 as a bootleg. The single was given four out of five stars by AllMusic's Matt Whalley, who said that the song "could have been one of the Ramones' most popular tracks if it was not pulled from the album for legal reasons." Whalley called the B-side "I Can't Be" "simple", describing it as "in the same vein as 'Carbona Not Glue,' only shifting focus to relationships."

After the album came out in February, the band began a four-week tour of the United States starting with Los Angeles. On February 4, the band played at the Nassau Coliseum with Blue Öyster Cult, and played with Suicide the next day at CBGB. A week after this, the band played with Blue Öyster Cult again in Poughkeepsie, to which Johnny relates: "Those arena shows were a little better for us, although we would have more bad experiences in those big places. I never really enjoyed playing them." The band used their newly designed logo as a backdrop at concerts. They also had more advanced lighting techniques, but still only used white lights.

In April 1977, the band left the United States to begin their tour of Europe. Ramones co-headlined with Talking Heads, who were a new wave band formed in 1975. During a Marseilles gig, the Ramones caused a power outage to a quarter of the city during a sound check. The gig was cancelled when police arrived and dispersed the fans. When their tour manager arranged for a stop at Stonehenge in Wiltshire, Johnny refused to leave the bus, saying he refused to see "a bunch of old rocks". The band's Europe tour came to an end on June 6, 1977.

Composition
Leave Home has various lyrical themes throughout its track list. The opening song, "Glad to See You Go", is rather uptempo and frenetic. The track was about Dee Dee's then-girlfriend Connie, who was well known in the punk rock scene as having once dated New York Dolls bassist Arthur Kane and attempting to cut his finger off with a knife. Connie also harmed Dee Dee in several ways, such as slicing his buttocks with a beer bottle. At the time, every other member of the band despised Dee Dee's girlfriend and he eventually broke up with her. Joey recalls: "Dee [Dee] and I came up with the song 'Glad to See You Go,' about Connie's leaving." In the mid-1980s, Connie died from a drug overdose. "Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment" utilizes Joey's singing abilities with its vocal-demanding melody. Author Scott Schinder called the song a "sing-along mental-illness ode." The next song, "I Remember You" was said by author Greil Marcus to be all about the moment where "Joey's voice turns the single word "you" into pure poetry." "Oh, Oh, I Love Her So" pays homage to the 1950s doo-wop genre, and consists of a three-chord barrage. The song was written solely by Joey, where in the song he humorously tells of how he met a girl at Burger King and they fell in love by a soda fountain.

"Carbona Not Glue" was written as a follow-up to "Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue" from their debut album. The song was Legs McNeil's favorite song from Leave Home, who relates: "[The song] was meant to clarify that while glue might not be good for you, the cleaning fluid Carbona was definitely a better high." The song contemplates around Beach Boys harmonies, and it uses "bouncy" guitar riffs. "Suzy Is a Headbanger" was inspired by the 1947 film noir Nightmare Alley, with the lyrics detailing a female involved in the punk rock scene.

The lines "Gabba Gabba Hey" at the end of "Pinhead" were taken from the horror film Freaks, which the band saw in Cleveland, Ohio after their gig was cancelled. Joey's brother Mickey Leigh said that it was specifically taken from the scene where "the midget groom does a dance on the banquet table and sings 'Gobble gobble, we accept you, one of us' to his bride." The song is an audience participation song, and during live performances, Leigh appears on stage holding a sign that bore the text "Gabba Gabba Hey". "Pinhead", the album's longest piece, leads into "Now I Wanna Be a Good Boy", which portrays a confused adolescent wanting to be good, yet also yearning to run away from home. The next song on the album, "Swallow My Pride", was a piece written solely by lead singer Joey Ramone, who states that the concept deals with their record company Sire Records; Tommy used the expression "you gotta swallow your pride" when signing to their record company. Record World said of "Swallow My Pride" that the Ramones "pack more energy into a two minute song than just about anyone else." "What's Your Game" is one of the band's most melodic songs and was called "wistful" by Marcus. It was written by Joey about how he yearns for a girl to be herself instead of something she's not.

The album's only cover song, "California Sun", was written by Henry Glover and Morris Levy, and originally recorded by The Rivieras. While the lyrics and musical structure remain the same throughout the piece, Joey's pronunciation upon words significantly lessened the similarity to the original song. The sound output tone also differs from the original, with more distortion as well as a faster tempo. Author Steve Waksman relates: "From the opening bars, 'California Sun' becomes subject to the Ramones' distinctive brand of musical minimalism paired with sonic excess. The chords go by in a blur of distortion; the drums and bass kick at seemingly twice the speed of the Rivieras." The twelfth track "Commando" has a theme which deals with war movies and contains multiple military references. Author Avram Mednick said the song was a successor to "Blitzkrieg Bop", released on the band's debut album. He also noted that it has a "bouncy melody and an infectious call-and-response chorus." "You're Gonna Kill that Girl", which was written very early in the band's career, was also rooted in doo-wop genre. Mednick commented that it appealed highly to those tuning into the Ramones in the UK, and also said it has a "lovely misogynistic tune." The final guitar chord on the track is played by drummer Tommy since Johnny rarely played acoustic. The album's final track, "You Should Never Have Opened That Door", was written by Dee Dee and Johnny, and circles themes of horror films and hints that people in these movies tend to be naïve and unintelligent.

Critical reception
Leave Home was released on January 10, 1977, and was well received by critics. Although the album did not receive much initial reception, Ken Tucker of Rolling Stone gave the album a favorable review in 1977, saying that it is very similar to their debut yet more experienced sounding. He sums up the album with: "The Ramones are as direct and witty as before. They've also lost just a pinch of their studied rawness: whether this is a sign of maturity or sellout is a matter for debate. The Ramones make rousing music and damn good jokes, but they're in a bind: the hard rock of this group is so pure it may be perceived as a freak novelty by an awful lot of people." The Los Angeles Times deemed the songs of Leave Home "two-minute metal operettas for the Blank Generation." In Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote, "People who consider this a one-joke band aren't going to change their minds now. People who love the joke for its power, wit, and economy will be happy to hear it twice. Hint: read the lyrics." The year-end critics' poll at NME ranked it at No. 9 among the top "Albums of the Year" for 1977, with "Sheena" ranked at No. 5 among the year's top tracks.

Retrospective reviews have also been positive. Writing for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine found it very similar to their debut. Though he did consider it to be slightly more pop music oriented, Erlewine writes that despite being "weaker" than its preceding album, Leave Home "deliver[s] at breakneck speed and conclude[s] in under a half-hour." April Long from NME especially favored "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker", calling it "a punk-surf-pop crossover that has never been rivalled." It was given a favorable review by PopMatters editor Adrien Begrand, who called it his favorite Ramones album, saying: "In this album, the Ramones are witty, menacing, goofy, cynical, and head-over-heels in love, all at the same time." During his extensive review, he called "I Remember You" a "perfect bubblegum pop song", while saying that "Pinhead" urges "all the freaks of the world to unite as one" with the lines "D-U-M-B / Everyone's accusing me."

Commercial performance
The album did not chart as well in the United States as its predecessor, peaking at number 148 on the Billboard 200. It was, however, the band's first album to chart on the UK Albums Chart, debuting at number 45. Many of the songs on Leave Home were not considered by Mickey Leigh to be "radio–friendly" because "Carbona Not Glue" was about Intoxicative inhalant. Joey relates: "We thought we had a lotta songs that should've been hits. If you grew up in the sixties, things would just get played and be hits right off the bat. So we thought since our music was doin' something unique that everyone would pick up on that. What really happened was we were so alien that no one wanted to touch us. And so we wouldn't get played."

Track listing
All tracks originally credited to the Ramones (except "California Sun"). Actual writers are listed alongside the tracks. Writing credits are credited to Mickey Leigh's book I Slept with Joey Ramone: A Family Memoir.

US reissue

 * Track listing as per original release with "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" replacing "Carbona Not Glue" as track 5.

UK reissue

 * Track listing as per original release with "Babysitter" replacing "Carbona Not Glue" as track 5. Released April 1977.

2001 expanded edition CD bonus tracks
Notes
 * Track 15 is a Leave Home outtake that replaced "Carbona Not Glue", later released as the B-side of "Do You Wanna Dance?" in 1978.
 * Tracks 16–31 recorded live at the Roxy in Hollywood, CA (August 11, 1976). Mixed by T. Erdelyi.

2017 40th anniversary deluxe edition
Disc 1
 * Original album
 * Features both the remastered original mixes (tracks 1-14) and the 40th anniversary mix by Ed Stasium (tracks 15-28). Track listings as per original album.

Disc 2

 * Notes
 * Tracks 16-18 produced by Tony Bongiovi and T. Erdelyi, engineered by Ed Stasium. Tracks 1-17, 19-33 mixed by Ed Stasium. Track 18 mixed by Bob Clearmountain.
 * All tracks, except 16-18, are previously unissued.

Disc 3

 * Note
 * Disc 3 is a one-microphone audience tape recording. Previously unissued.

LP
 * Original album - 40th anniversary mix
 * Track listing as per original album.

Personnel
Credits adapted from AllMusic and the 2017 deluxe edition booklet.

Ramones
 * Joey Ramone – lead and backing vocals
 * Johnny Ramone – guitar
 * Dee Dee Ramone – bass, backing vocals
 * Tommy Ramone – drums, additional guitar

Additional musicians
 * Ed Stasium – additional guitar, Hammond organ on "Oh Oh I Love Her So", backing vocals
 * Tony Bongiovi – percussion

Technical
 * Tony Bongiovi – producer
 * Tommy Ramone – producer (credited as T. Erdelyi), mixing
 * Ed Stasium – engineer, mixing
 * Bob Clearmountain – engineer
 * Ray Janos – mastering
 * Moshe Brakha – front cover photography
 * John Gillespie – art direction
 * Pat Chiono – design
 * Arturo Vega – back cover art

title: Leave Home


text:
User talk:Nayten

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:39, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nayten


text:
User talk:Youknowandy

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Whosyourjudas (talk) 02:39, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Youknowandy


text:
Talk:Politics of Belarus

Old talk
The "Political parties" paragraph should be placed first, as many acronyms are referred to in the main part of the article. Simply stating the name of the acronym would not be sufficient, as giving the name of a party is not enough to explain who they are. It might be enough to only put the PCB and BPF parts in fromt and the rest at the end.

NPOV
I think Lukashenko is a very evil man, but surely it would be better if we didn't say that "the Lukashenko regime has launched a campaign against Polish ethnic minority" - as they, of course, assert that Poland and other countries are attempting to spy on them, and claim that their activities aren't against ethnic Poles, but only against the organisation which represents them. We need to put their side of the story to make the article more effective. XYaAsehShalomX 14:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

The above user is absolutely right. Particularly when it ought to be remembered that the 'Polish dispute' was not engineered by Lukashenko, but came from a complaint from the Belarusian Union of Poles to the Ministry of Justice that some of their own members had violated the organisation's constitution. I can explain further if neccesary, but urge that NPOV be followed.--Belaruski 19:58, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem we have here is much of our article was a copy and paste from public domain resources owned by the United States Government and my government has been pretty harsh on President Lukashenko. I would like to clean this up but I just don't know how just quite yet. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 20:03, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

"Government of Belarus"
Surely this needs a separate article - ie, the structure of the government, how it's set up, etc? It's OK as a politics article, but when I linked from this article it just comes up with this. Someone who's more knowledgeable about it than me needs to make something seperate :) XYaAsehShalomX 14:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

"Presidential republic"
After recent events I'm not sure if this is entirely correct anymore. Maybe "presidential dictatorship" would be closer to the truth. Maybe after the "elections" the word "republic" in the article could be changed... Or? --HJV 22:20, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
 * While it is not a presidental republic by spirit or by Luka's actions, technically, Belarus is a "republic" that is headed by a president. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) Fair use policy 00:20, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

2006 elections
Aren't we missing section on them? See Alexander_Lukashenko as well as some stories: Wikinews, MYT, Times, Reuters, Guardian, ABC, just to name a few.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 23:23, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * We are going to add it soon. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 01:03, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Overall state of page
I removed a cleanup tag that had been hanging around since 2005, not motivated on talk. I admit I have not read the page in detail, but it does not look like a typical cleanup candidate to me; formats look fine. The sections are very long, maybe they can be condensed? // habj 16:36, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, i'll peer through it later. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 18:31, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Important notice
The government section of the "Outline of Belarus" needs to be checked, corrected, and completed -- especially the subsections for the government branches.

When the country outlines were created, temporary data (that matched most of the countries but not all) was used to speed up the process. Those countries for which the temporary data does not match must be replaced with the correct information.

Please check that this country's outline is not in error.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact The Transhumanist.

Thank you.

Most of this article has been plagiarized word for word from the book Belarus and Moldova : country studies by Helen Fedor, yet this resource is not quoted or cited. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.88.88.137 (talk) 17:07, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

update on opposition parties
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13969346

just going to leave this here Ugottoknowme2 (talk) 08:19, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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title: Talk:Politics of Belarus