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Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker

Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker is a 2000 American direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the third film in the DC Animated Universe and is based on the animated series Batman Beyond while also serving as a continuation of and resolving plot points from Batman: The Animated Series and The New Batman Adventures. The film features the DC Comics superheroes Batman (Kevin Conroy) and Terry McGinnis (Will Friedle), as they try to unravel the mysterious return of the former's archenemy, the Joker (Mark Hamill), preparing a climatic showdown with the villain.

The film was heavily censored following the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and Warner Bros.'s objection to its content, causing its release to be delayed from Halloween 2000 to December 12, 2000. Subsequently, an uncut version was released on DVD on April 23, 2002.

Plot
A new faction of the Jokerz gang—consisting of Bonk, Woof, Ghoul, Chucko, and the Dee-Dee twins—attempts to steal high-tech electronic equipment but are intercepted by Batman (Terry McGinnis), the protégé of the original Batman, Bruce Wayne. The gang reports back to their leader, revealed to be the Joker, Bruce's arch-nemesis who has been presumed dead for decades. The Joker kills Bonk for his defiance and to intimidate the other members.

Later, the Jokerz attack a press conference commemorating Bruce's return to Wayne Enterprises and the Joker reveals himself to Bruce, who insists that it cannot be him. After fending off the attack, Terry demands information from Bruce and police commissioner Barbara Gordon, the former Batgirl, but neither gives him answers. Not wanting Terry to face the Joker, Bruce orders him to return the Batsuit so he can investigate the Joker on his own despite the limitations of his age. However, the Jokerz attack Terry, nearly killing his girlfriend Dana Tan, while the Joker poisons Bruce and his Great Dane, Ace — revealing that he knows Bruce was Batman and Terry is his successor.

After Terry saves Bruce's life with an antidote, Barbara finally explains the Joker's disappearance: four decades ago, after Nightwing (Dick Grayson) left Gotham City for Blüdhaven, the Joker and Harley Quinn kidnapped his successor Tim Drake, then Robin, while he was on patrol, torturing and brainwashing him for three weeks at the abandoned Arkham Asylum, learning Batman's secret identity, and turning him into a miniature version of the Joker. After Batman and Batgirl find Tim, a battle ensues, during which Tim briefly comes to his senses and kills the Joker with his own gun, while Harley falls down a ravine and is presumed dead. Over the next year, Tim recovered with help from Wayne family friend Leslie Thompkins, was forced to retire from superheroics, and severed ties with Bruce, leaving to make it on his own in life.

Terry visits Tim, now a successful telecommunications engineer with a family, who voices bitterness towards his past but denies involvement in the Joker's return. Terry's next suspect is Jordan Pryce, a Wayne Enterprises executive who hates Bruce for ruining his chance to take over the company. He ultimately finds that Pryce is not the Joker, but had conspired with him in an attempt to kill Bruce. When a directed-energy weapon strikes Pryce's yacht, Terry rescues him before turning him in to the police. In the Batcave, after realizing the Joker only destroyed the Robin costume, Terry recalls Tim's grudge against his old persona and deduces he must be involved. Cross-referencing Tim's expertise as an engineer with the Jokerz' thefts, Terry and Bruce discover that their stolen equipment can create a jamming system to seize control of a laser-armed military satellite.

When Terry goes to face Tim in his workplace, he triggers a trap set by the Joker, who he follows to an abandoned candy factory. Subduing the Jokerz with Ace's help, Terry confronts Tim, who subdues Terry by disabling his Batsuit and then physically transforms into the Joker. He explains that he previously encoded a copy of his consciousness into a microchip hidden behind Tim's ear, allowing him to survive death by overtaking Tim's body and intending to do so permanently. With the satellite, the Joker plans to kill Bruce and Terry's loved ones before destroying Gotham City. As they battle, Terry uses one of the Joker's joy buzzers to destroy both the weapon and the microchip, killing him. Terry, Tim, and Ace escape as the satellite destroys the Joker's lair.

Following the Jokerz' arrests, Barbara hides Tim's unwitting involvement to protect him, while the Joker is declared dead and the Dee-Dee twins are bailed out by their grandmother, an elderly and reformed Harley Quinn. Bruce makes amends with Tim and Barbara while Tim recovers in the hospital, during which he and Bruce acknowledge Terry as worthy to carry the Batman mantle.

Voice cast

 * Will Friedle as Terry McGinnis / Batman
 * Kevin Conroy as Bruce Wayne / Batman
 * Mark Hamill as Joker and Jordan Pryce
 * Angie Harmon as Commissioner Barbara Gordon
 * Tara Strong as Young Barbara Gordon / Batgirl
 * Dean Stockwell as Tim Drake
 * Mathew Valencia as Young Tim Drake / Robin
 * Andrea Romano as Joker Jr. / J.J (credited as "Laughing Boy")
 * Arleen Sorkin as Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn and Amy
 * Melissa Joan Hart as Delia and Deidre Dennis / Dee Dee
 * Michael Rosenbaum as Stewart Carter Winthrop III / Ghoul
 * Don Harvey as Charles Buntz / Chucko
 * Henry Rollins as Benjamin Knox / Bonk
 * Frank Welker as Woof and Ace the Bat-Hound
 * Lauren Tom as Dana Tan
 * Rachael Leigh Cook as Chelsea Cunningham
 * Teri Garr as Mary McGinnis
 * Ryan O'Donohue as Matthew "Matt" McGinnis
 * Vernee Watson-Johnson as Ms. Joyce Carr
 * Mary Scheer as Mrs. Drake
 * Jason Stanford as a Gangster

Production
The film was initially put into production after the cancellation of Boyd Kirkland's Batman: Arkham, the intended sequel to Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero. When Bruce Timm and Glen Murakami were given the greenlight to produce a Batman Beyond feature-length film, they decided to use the extra time to answer questions pertaining to the time period between Beyond and Batman: The Animated Series.

The animation was outsourced to TMS Entertainment in Japan. It is also the first Batman direct-to-video animated film to use digital ink and paint.

Dwayne McDuffie, writer for the DCAU series Static Shock, Justice League and Justice League Unlimited, stated that the events of the flashback sequence in the film take place at the end of the present-day timeline of the DCAU, following the end of Justice League Unlimited but prior to the start of Batman Beyond.

Release
Return of the Joker was originally set for release on Halloween 2000, but following the backlash against violence in children's media that resulted from the Columbine High School massacre in 1999, and general apprehension by the higher-ups at WB over the film's content, the creative team was forced to make edits that delayed its release to December 12, 2000.

The most dramatic change was the method of the Joker's death; in the original cut of the film, he is impaled by a flag shot out of a handgun by Tim Drake; in the re-edit, he is electrocuted after becoming tangled in water tubing. Nearly two years after the film's initial release, and following online petitions, Warner Home Video released an uncut and unaltered version of Return of the Joker, with more violence and some altered language, as well as the Joker's original death scene.

While the 2000 release was not rated, the uncut version was the first animated Batman film to receive a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association, as well as the only PG-13 rated film to be released under Warner Bros' now-defunct Family Entertainment label.

The uncut version was released on Blu-ray on April 5, 2011.

Marketing
A comic adaptation of the film was released in February 2001, drawn by Craig Rousseau. The page depicting the Joker's death had to be redone in accordance with the edits made to the film. A tie-in video game was released in 2000 for Game Boy Color, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64. Scholastic released a novelization of the film, penned by Michael Teitelbaum, on October 1, 2000.

Music
Released on October 17, 2000, the soundtrack to Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker contains music composed by Kristopher Carter, as well as two tracks of music featured in the direct-to-video film.

Critical reception
Nisha Gopalan of Entertainment Weekly praised the uncut version of the film, in particular how it "sheds light on the dark, obsessive relationship between the villain and his vigilante counterpart." Gerry Shamray of Sun Newspapers said that Return of the Joker "would have made a great live-action Batman movie." Ryan Cracknell of Apollo Guide called the film "an animated masterpiece."

Peter Canavese of Groucho Reviews called it an "energetic and unsettling Batman adventure," adding that it "provides a memorable showcase for Hamill's celebrated take on the Joker, and allows both McGinnis and Wayne to see action and face emotional challenges." Michael Stailey of DVD Verdict gave the uncut version a score of 92 out of 100, calling it "a taut, high-impact film" and "a must-buy to Bat-fans and animation lovers alike."

Garth Franklin of Dark Horizons had a mixed response when reviewing the uncut version, saying that "the script is pretty solid, the animation superb, and the voice performances all work well," but added that "the Terry character's personal scenes aren't anywhere near as engaging [as the scenes featuring the Joker or Bruce Wayne], and the investigative subplot doesn't work as well as it should." Jeremy Conrad of IGN gave the uncut version a score of nine out of 10 for the movie itself, six out of 10 each for video and audio, and eight out of 10 for extras, adding up to an overall score of seven out of 10.

title: Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Jallan

Jallan
Vote here
 * (20/1/0) ends 04:25, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Jallan is careful & well-informed, contributing to mythology, history, linguistics, & other topics. Focused & reserved in exchanges with other editors. Someone I consider a solid contributor. More than 1000 edits, mostly since April 2004. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:25, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I accept the nomination. I also accept that being a sysop is "no big deal" if power is used carefully and with restraint.

Support
 * 1) Wile E. Heresiarch 04:25, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) ffirehorse 05:06, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) [[User:Rhymeless|Rhymeless | (Methyl Remiss)]] 05:06, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4)  ℛ yan! |  Talk  05:13, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) —No-One Jones (m) 13:50, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) OK JFW |  T@lk  20:09, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Good grasp of policy, and excellent demeanour. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 22:40, 2004 Oct 5 (UTC)
 * 8) Michael Snow 22:58, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Absolutely. --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 23:43, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Mike H 01:15, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11)  – Andre ( talk )  14:46, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Fire Star 18:58, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) 172 00:31, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) [[User:Noisy|Noisy | Talk]] 22:00, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 15) Ambi 15:30, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 16) Support wholeheartedly. - Lucky 6.9 01:01, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 17) Always keeps cool, and always (thoroughly!) explains the reasoning behind votes. Support. • Benc • 10:35, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 18) [[User:Eequor|η [[Image:Venus symbol (blue).gif|♀]] [ υωρ ]]] 16:46, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 19) {Ανάριον} 11:44, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 20) Of course! [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 21:17, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Netoholic @ 06:39, 2004 Oct 5 (UTC) -- Lots of edits and long history, if a little sporadic. My concern, though, is that their edits consist quite largely of redirect creation (for very questionable alternate spellings) and also a disproportional amount of VFD involvement.  VFD votes show a strong deletionist bent – don't see any effort to save or expand moderately bad articles.  Personal experience tells me this user may not understand deletion policy and the definitions involved.  Encourage other voters to review this users contributions (specifically VFD) before voting.  Since there is no information on their user page describing personal philosophy, I can only go by their contribs.

Neutral

Comments
 * 1944 edits as of this moment. -- Netoholic @ 06:39, 2004 Oct 5 (UTC)
 * On Netoholic's comments after his vote: I believe that someone encountering a spelling of a name on the web or in a book should generally be able to find an existing corresponding article in Wikipedia by entering the spelling they find, both with any diacritics and without diacritics. Currently I have mostly been working on articles in the area of Norse myth and legend which has involved far more research than I expected and three or four hours of uninterrupted work to properly check out the material. Accordingly editing has gone slowly. And in this area there is a great variation in spelling of names in English texts. I try to accomodate this by creating redirects, but only for forms which I know actually do occur (and sometimes also with those same forms without diacritics). Accordingly the result is often the creation or rewriting of an article followed by a large number of redirects both to the article and to other material covered by the article. Sadly there are sometimes a large number of variant forms of names found in different easily available English texts. Except for perhaps three or four typing errors, which I did not think worth the trouble of asking anyone to delete, the forms I have used in REDIRECTS do exist in commonly available English texts. In many cases more could be added. I generally don't go looking for spellings other than those in texts which I am consulting when creating or editing an article, though I am often aware of books where yet other spellings might be found. A complete set of redirects for such names is for the future. As to VfD, I believe, when I have voted for deletion, it is in accord with deletion policy. I certainly do not always vote DELETE, even on articles that seem to me mediocre. Jallan 19:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Probably new page patrol. Beyond that, I will see where I can be useful with new sysop powers. Jallan 19:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Sanchuniathon contains a nice genealogy in which many of the entries point to articles subsequently created by myself or greatly expanded by myself. Anna Perenna isn't bad, compared to what came before. Moloch was taken from cleanup, though it could still be improved. But I left it rather than continue debate. Baal was also improved from what it had been. I have no particular favorites. Jallan 19:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. I have been in such conflicts and have been stressed to the point of leaving this place forever. (The web is big, the world is big, so why stay somewhere where you meet constant frustration?) That supposed policies are not enforced or enforceable is a continuing problem. I have accordingly walked away from the article, rather than both article and Wikipedia, realizing that there were numerous other problem articles that I could improve and articles I could write from scratch and that the vast majority of people here are not unreasonable most of the time and that one can always return to a problem article in future. I also became involved in some of the drafting of Dealing with disruptive or antisocial editors to hopefully make it easier to solve such disputes quickly. In the future I would be more likely to use current dispute resolution procedures, in part because I know my away around here now and in part because handling of disputes has improved. Jallan 19:46, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Jallan


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Talk:Schala

Picture
Someone should post a picture of Schala, preferably the official one.jettofabulo

Screenshot
About the screenshots, feel free to delete them...I just thought they were relevent. Peaceman 19:46, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * It was more of an issue on how my browser was formatting its placement, like putting it in the middle of paragraphs and stuff. I don't mind them but it's probably also a sign we could use more info on her. If there is any. hansamurai 飯侍 (burp) 22:38, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Hair colour
In the first game it mentions that Schala's hair is dyed blue as it all of the "enlightened ones" They do it to seperate themselfs from the "earthbound" who all have natural brown/blond hair colours.

title: Talk:Schala


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Confidence region

In statistics, a confidence region is a multi-dimensional generalization of a confidence interval. It is a set of points in an n-dimensional space, often represented as an ellipsoid around a point which is an estimated solution to a problem, although other shapes can occur.

Interpretation
The confidence region is calculated in such a way that if a set of measurements were repeated many times and a confidence region calculated in the same way on each set of measurements, then a certain percentage of the time (e.g. 95%) the confidence region would include the point representing the "true" values of the set of variables being estimated. However, unless certain assumptions about prior probabilities are made, it does not mean, when one confidence region has been calculated, that there is a 95% probability that the "true" values lie inside the region, since we do not assume any particular probability distribution of the "true" values and we may or may not have other information about where they are likely to lie.

The case of independent, identically normally-distributed errors
Suppose we have found a solution $$\boldsymbol{\beta}$$ to the following overdetermined problem:
 * $$\mathbf{Y} = \mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$

where Y is an n-dimensional column vector containing observed values of the dependent variable, X is an n-by-p matrix of observed values of independent variables (which can represent a physical model) which is assumed to be known exactly, $$\boldsymbol{\beta}$$ is a column vector containing the p parameters which are to be estimated, and $$\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$ is an n-dimensional column vector of errors which are assumed to be independently distributed with normal distributions with zero mean and each having the same unknown variance $$\sigma^2$$.

A joint 100(1 − α) % confidence region for the elements of $$\boldsymbol{\beta}$$ is represented by the set of values of the vector b which satisfy the following inequality:

 * $$ (\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}} - \mathbf{b})^\operatorname{T} \mathbf{X}^\operatorname{T} \mathbf{X}(\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}} - \mathbf{b}) \le  ps^2 F_{1 - \alpha}(p,\nu) ,$$

where the variable b represents any point in the confidence region, p is the number of parameters, i.e. number of elements of the vector $$\boldsymbol{\beta},$$ $$\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}}$$ is the vector of estimated parameters, and s2 is the reduced chi-squared, an unbiased estimate of $$\sigma^2$$ equal to

 * $$s^2=\frac{\varepsilon^\operatorname{T} \varepsilon}{n - p}.$$

Further, F is the quantile function of the F-distribution, with p and $$ \nu = n - p$$ degrees of freedom, $$\alpha$$ is the statistical significance level, and the symbol $$X^\operatorname{T} $$ means the transpose of $$X$$.

The expression can be rewritten as:

 * $$ (\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}} - \mathbf{b})^\operatorname{T} \mathbf{C}_\mathbf{\beta}^{-1} (\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}} - \mathbf{b}) \le  p F_{1 - \alpha}(p,\nu) ,$$

where $$\mathbf{C}_\mathbf{\beta} = s^2 \left( \mathbf{X}^\operatorname{T} \mathbf{X} \right)^{-1}$$ is the least-squares scaled covariance matrix of $$\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}}$$.

The above inequality defines an ellipsoidal region in the p-dimensional Cartesian parameter space Rp. The centre of the ellipsoid is at the estimate $$\boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}}$$. According to Press et al., it is easier to plot the ellipsoid after doing singular value decomposition. The lengths of the axes of the ellipsoid are proportional to the reciprocals of the values on the diagonals of the diagonal matrix, and the directions of these axes are given by the rows of the 3rd matrix of the decomposition.

Weighted and generalised least squares
Now consider the more general case where some distinct elements of $$\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$ have known nonzero covariance (in other words, the errors in the observations are not independently distributed), and/or the standard deviations of the errors are not all equal. Suppose the covariance matrix of $$\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$ is $$\mathbf{V}\sigma^2$$, where V is an n-by-n nonsingular matrix which was equal to $$\mathbf{I}$$ in the more specific case handled in the previous section, (where I is the identity matrix,) but here is allowed to have nonzero off-diagonal elements representing the covariance of pairs of individual observations, as well as not necessarily having all the diagonal elements equal.

It is possible to find a nonsingular symmetric matrix P such that

 * $$\mathbf{P}^\prime\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{P}\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{V}$$

In effect, P is a square root of the covariance matrix V.

The least-squares problem

 * $$\mathbf{Y} = \mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$

can then be transformed by left-multiplying each term by the inverse of P, forming the new problem formulation
 * $$\mathbf{Z} = \mathbf{Q}\boldsymbol{\beta} + \mathbf{f} ,$$

where

 * $$\mathbf{Z} = \mathbf{P}^{-1}\mathbf{Y}$$
 * $$\mathbf{Q} = \mathbf{P}^{-1}\mathbf{X}$$ and
 * $$\mathbf{f} = \mathbf{P}^{-1}\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$$

A joint confidence region for the parameters, i.e. for the elements of $$\boldsymbol{\beta}$$, is then bounded by the ellipsoid given by:

 * $$ (\mathbf{b} - \boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}})^\prime \mathbf{Q}^\prime\mathbf{Q}(\mathbf{b} - \boldsymbol{\hat{\beta}}) = {\frac{p}{n - p}} (\mathbf{Z}^\prime\mathbf{Z}

- \mathbf{b}^\prime\mathbf{Q}^\prime\mathbf{Z})F_{1 - \alpha}(p,n-p). $$

Here F represents the percentage point of the F-distribution and the quantities p and n-p are the degrees of freedom which are the parameters of this distribution.

Nonlinear problems
Confidence regions can be defined for any probability distribution. The experimenter can choose the significance level and the shape of the region, and then the size of the region is determined by the probability distribution. A natural choice is to use as a boundary a set of points with constant $$\chi^2$$ (chi-squared) values.

One approach is to use a linear approximation to the nonlinear model, which may be a close approximation in the vicinity of the solution, and then apply the analysis for a linear problem to find an approximate confidence region. This may be a reasonable approach if the confidence region is not very large and the second derivatives of the model are also not very large.

Bootstrapping approaches can also be used.

title: Confidence region


text:
Brady disclosure

In the legal system of the United States, a Brady disclosure consists of exculpatory or impeaching information and evidence that is material to the guilt or innocence or to the punishment of a defendant. The term comes from the 1963 U.S. Supreme Court case Brady v. Maryland, in which the Supreme Court ruled that suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to a defendant who has requested it violates due process.

Following Brady, the prosecutor must disclose evidence or information that would prove the innocence of the defendant or would enable the defense to more effectively impeach the credibility of government witnesses. Evidence that would serve to reduce the defendant's sentence must also be disclosed by the prosecution. In practice, this doctrine has often proved difficult to enforce. Some states have established their own laws to try to strengthen enforcement against prosecutorial misconduct in this area.

Definition of the Brady rule
The Brady doctrine is a pretrial discovery rule that was established by the United States Supreme Court in Brady v. Maryland (1963). The rule requires that the prosecution must turn over all exculpatory evidence to the defendant in a criminal case. Exculpatory evidence is evidence that might exonerate the defendant.

Examples
Examples include the following:
 * The prosecutor must disclose an agreement not to prosecute a witness in exchange for the witness's testimony.
 * The prosecutor must disclose leniency (or preferential treatment) agreements made with witnesses in exchange for testimony.
 * The prosecutor must disclose exculpatory evidence known only to the police. That is, the prosecutor has a duty to reach out to the police and establish regular procedures by which the police inform the prosecutor's office of anything that tends to prove the innocence of the defendant. Not all exculpatory evidence is required to be disclosed by Brady and its progeny; only evidence that is "material to guilt or punishment" must be disclosed because its disclosure would create a reasonable probability of changing the outcome of the proceeding. The prosecutor is not obligated to personally review police files in search of exculpatory information when the defendant asks for it, but to allow the defense reasonable access. The Supreme Court observed in Strickler v. Greene, "Thus the term 'Brady violation' is sometimes used to refer to any breach of the broad obligation to disclose exculpatory evidence – that is, to any suppression of so-called 'Brady material' – although strictly speaking, there is never a real 'Brady violation' unless the nondisclosure was so serious that there is a reasonable probability that the suppressed evidence would have produced a different verdict."
 * The prosecutor must disclose arrest photographs of the defendant when those photos do not match the victim's description.
 * Some state systems have expansively defined Brady material to include many other items, including for example any documents which might reflect negatively on a witness's credibility.
 * Police officers who have been dishonest are sometimes referred to as "Brady cops." Because of the Brady ruling, prosecutors are required to notify defendants and their attorneys whenever a law enforcement official involved in their case has a sustained record for knowingly lying in an official capacity. Lists of such officers are known as "Brady lists". The growing use of Brady, both in the federal and state sectors, is one of the most important changes affecting police officers' employment.

Procedures for compliance

 * In order to ensure compliance with Brady, the United States Supreme Court repeatedly urged the "careful prosecutor" to favor disclosure over concealment. Conformity with Brady is a continuing obligation of prosecutors. Some prosecuting attorney offices have adopted and created specialized procedure and bureaus to meet their burden.
 * Pitchess v. Superior Court is the source for a "Pitchess motion" in California. Such a motion can be made by a criminal defendant to discover complaints made against a police officer, and the investigation of those complaints, such that they are contained in the officer's personnel records. The motions can be made in a California Superior Court under California Evidence Code 1043–1046. Notwithstanding, because of the broad nature of the discovery that the associated court rule and statute provide, getting actual records can be complicated. In California, there is a carefully prescribed procedure governing such request, and making disclosure without an order is a crime. The statutory scheme was developed, in part, because law enforcement departments had developed a practice of purging their files concerning misconduct claims made against their officers.

Applicability to plea bargains
, federal appeals courts are split as to whether defendants have the right to receive materially exculpatory evidence before making a plea bargain, which is how the vast majority of convictions are now obtained. The Seventh, Ninth, and Tenth Circuits assert that they do; the First, Second, Fourth, and Fifth Circuits assert that they do not.

State "open file" laws like the Michael Morton Act in Texas allow defendants to see all prosecution evidence at every stage of prosecution, including the plea bargain stage.

title: Brady disclosure


text:
Nino Castelnuovo

Francesco "Nino" Castelnuovo (28 October 1936 – 6 September 2021) was an Italian actor of film, stage and television, best known for his starring role as Guy Foucher in the French musical film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964).

Castelnuovo's other films include Rocco and His Brothers (1960), Camille 2000 (1969), L'emmerdeur (1973), Il prato macchiato di rosso (1973), Massacre Time (1966), The Five Man Army (1969), and The English Patient (1996).

Early life
Castelnuovo was born the youngest of three boys in Lecco, Lombardy as the son of maid Emilia Paola (née Sala) and button factory employee Camillo Castelnuovo. He had two older brothers, Pierantonio (b. 1930; d. 1976) and Clemente. After being a house painter, a mechanic and a workman, he moved to Milan, where he started working as a sales agent, and at the same time, he enrolled in the acting school of the Piccolo Teatro in Milan. He became a father for the first time to his son Lorenzo when he married Danila Trebbi (b. 1955), an Italian actress.

Career
In 1957, Castelnuovo debuted as a mime in the RAI children's television show Zurli il mago del giovedì.

He landed a small part in Un maledetto imbroglio (The Facts of Murder, 1959), directed by Pietro Germi, and played supporting roles in films, including The Hunchback of Rome, directed by Carlo Lizzani, and Rocco and His Brothers, directed by Luchino Visconti; both were released in 1960.

When the American television show Disneyland travelled to Italy in 1962, he appeared with Annette Funicello in two episodes of the mini-movie, Escapade in Florence, singing, playing the guitar, and adding the Italian verses to the jovial tarantella "Dream Boy".

Castelnuovo's breakthrough role arrived with The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964), directed by Jacques Demy, in which he played opposite Catherine Deneuve. Nominated for the American Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the film gained the attention of both film critics and the public, and won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in February of the same year.

After the box-office failures Un mondo nuovo (1966), directed by Vittorio De Sica, and The Reward, directed by Serge Bourguignon, –  he gained notice as an actor in Italy because of his role of Renzo in the television mini-series I promessi sposi (1967).

He also starred alongside an international cast in The Five Man Army (1969), directed by Don Taylor, as a Mexican revolutionary, and as Armand in Camille 2000 (1969), directed by Radley Metzger.

From then on, Castelnuovo was featured primarily on television serials around Europe, where he portrayed numerous parts. He appeared as the athletically sound spokesman for the corn oil company Cuore from 1977 to 1982.

Castelnuovo also appeared briefly as D'Agostino in The English Patient (1996), and he continued to be active on the Italian theatre stage. In 2002, he starred in a production of the 1931 comedy play The Front Page (Italian title, Prima Pagina).

He appeared as Kenny Butler in the 2016 The Legacy Run with sport personalities Daniela Scalia, Luca Tramontin, Marco Baron, Flavien Conne, Ivan Asic, and Stefania Bianchini.

Death
Castelnuovo died on 6 September 2021 in Rome at the age of 84.

title: Nino Castelnuovo


text:
Wells notice

A Wells notice is a letter that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sends to people or firms at the conclusion of an SEC investigation that states the SEC is planning to bring an enforcement action against them. The notice informs the people or the firm in question that the SEC has concluded that they should be charged with violation of the securities laws. The notice indicates that the SEC staff has determined it may bring a civil action against a person or firm, and provides the person or firm with the opportunity to provide information as to why the enforcement action should not be brought. The person or firm is generally given 30 days to file this response in the form of a legal brief considering legal and factual arguments as to why no charges should be brought against them. Although investigation is conducted on a confidential basis, this notice, as well as its response, is public information that can be used in later public hearings among other things.

Regulators are not legally required to provide a notice; however, it is the practice of the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to provide such notice. In addition, 80% of people who were sent a Wells notice from 2011 to 2013 ended up facing charges for allegedly violating securities law.

The name "Wells notice" is derived from the Wells Committee of the SEC which proposed this process in 1972. This SEC committee was named after John A. Wells, its chair. The other members of the committee were former SEC Chairmen Manuel F. Cohen and Ralph Demmler.

Among the recommendations made by the committee was the following:

"Except where the nature of the case precludes, a prospective defendant or respondent should be notified of the substance of the staff's charges and probable recommendations in advance of the submission of the staff memorandum to the Commission recommending the commencement of an enforcement action and be accorded an opportunity to submit a written statement to the staff to be forwarded to the Commission together with the staff memorandum."

title: Wells notice


text:
Allen v. United States (1896)

Allen v. United States, 164 U.S. 492 (1896), was a United States Supreme Court case that, amongst other things, approved the use of a jury instruction intended to prevent a hung jury by encouraging jurors in the minority to reconsider. The Court affirmed Alexander Allen's murder conviction, having vacated his two prior convictions for the same crime.

Such an instruction became known as an Allen charge and is given when, after deliberation, a jury reports that it is deadlocked and unable to decide on a verdict. Because it is used to dislodge jurors from entrenched positions, the Allen charge is sometimes referred to as the "dynamite charge" or the "hammer charge."

Allen is based upon the Supreme Court's supervisory power over the federal courts. Thus, it is not binding on state courts. Approximately half of US states prohibit Allen charges on state law grounds.

Background
Allen's three trials had been presided over by Judge Isaac C. Parker of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.

Opinion
The relevant portion of Allen held: The seventeenth and eighteenth assignments were taken to instructions given to the jury after the main charge was delivered, and when the jury had returned to the court, apparently for further instructions. These instructions were quite lengthy, and were, in substance, that in a large proportion of cases absolute certainty could not be expected; that, although the verdict must be the verdict of each individual juror, and not a mere acquiescence in the conclusion of his fellows, yet they should examine the question submitted with candor, and with a proper regard and deference to the opinions of each other; that it was their duty to decide the case if they could conscientiously do so; that they should listen, with a disposition to be convinced, to each other's arguments; that, if much the larger number were for conviction, a dissenting juror should consider whether his doubt was a reasonable one which made no impression upon the minds of so many men, equally honest, equally intelligent with himself. If, upon the other hand, the majority were for acquittal, the minority ought to ask themselves whether they might not reasonably doubt the correctness of a judgment which was not concurred in by the majority. These instructions were taken literally from a charge in a criminal case which was approved of by the supreme court of Massachusetts and by the supreme court of Connecticut.

While, undoubtedly, the verdict of the jury should represent the opinion of each individual juror, it by no means follows that opinions may not be changed by conference in the jury room. The very object of the jury system is to secure unanimity by a comparison of views, and by arguments among the jurors themselves. It certainly cannot be the law that each juror should not listen with deference to the arguments, and with a distrust of his own judgment, if he finds a large majority of the jury taking a different view of the case from what he does himself. It cannot be that each juror should go to the jury room with a blind determination that the verdict shall represent his opinion of the case at that moment, or that he should close his ears to the arguments of men who are equally honest and intelligent as himself. There was no error in these instructions.

Text of Allen charge
Text of the Allen charge as approved for use in the United States district courts of the Fifth Circuit:

Members of the Jury:

I'm going to ask that you continue your deliberations in an effort to reach agreement upon a verdict and dispose of this case; and I have a few additional comments I would like for you to consider as you do so.

This is an important case. The trial has been expensive in time, effort, money and emotional strain to both the defense and the prosecution. If you should fail to agree upon a verdict, the case will be left open and may have to be tried again. Obviously, another trial would only serve to increase the cost to both sides, and there is no reason to believe that the case can be tried again by either side any better or more exhaustively than it has been tried before you.

Any future jury must be selected in the same manner and from the same source as you were chosen, and there is no reason to believe that the case could ever be submitted to twelve men and women more conscientious, more impartial, or more competent to decide it, or that more or clearer evidence could be produced.

If a substantial majority of your number are in favor of a conviction, those of you who disagree should reconsider whether your doubt is a reasonable one since it appears to make no effective impression upon the minds of the others. On the other hand, if a majority or even a lesser number of you are in favor of an acquittal, the rest of you should ask yourselves again, and most thoughtfully, whether you should accept the weight and sufficiency of evidence which fails to convince your fellow jurors beyond a reasonable doubt.

Remember at all times that no juror is expected to give up an honest belief he or she may have as to the weight or effect of the evidence; but, after full deliberation and consideration of the evidence in the case, it is your duty to agree upon a verdict if you can do so.

You must also remember that if the evidence in the case fails to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt the Defendant should have your unanimous verdict of Not Guilty.

You may be as leisurely in your deliberations as the occasion may require and should take all the time which you may feel is necessary.

I will ask now that you retire once again and continue your deliberations with these additional comments in mind to be applied, of course, in conjunction with all of the other instructions I have previously given to you.

In state courts
Allen charges have been rejected, in whole or in part, by at least twenty-three states. Twenty-two states have rejected the charge by judicial decision: • Alaska

• Arizona

• California

• Colorado

• Hawaii

• Idaho

• Kentucky

• Louisiana

• Maine

• Michigan

• Minnesota

• Montana

• Nebraska

• Nevada

• New Hampshire

• New Mexico

• North Dakota

• Ohio

• Oregon

• Pennsylvania

• Rhode Island

• Tennessee

• Wisconsin

• Wyoming

title: Allen v. United States (1896)


text:
Anton Wilhelm Amo

Anton Wilhelm Amo or Anthony William Amo (c. 1703 – c. 1759) was a Nzema philosopher from Axim, Dutch Gold Coast (now Ghana). Amo was a professor at the universities of Halle and Jena in Germany after studying there. He was brought to Germany by the Dutch West India Company in 1707 and was presented as a gift to Dukes Augustus William and Ludwig Rudolf of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, being treated as a member of the family by their father Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. In 2020, Oxford University Press published a translation (into English) of his Latin works from the early 1730s.

Early life and education
Amo was a Nzema (an Akan people). He was born in Axim in the Western region of present-day Ghana, but at the age of about four he was moved to Amsterdam by the Dutch West India Company. Some accounts say that he was enslaved, others that he was sent to Amsterdam by a preacher working in Ghana. Ultimately, it is unknown.

On 29 July 1708, Amo was baptised (and in 1721 confirmed) in the palace's chapel of Salzdahlum near Wolfenbüttel. In 1721 and 1725 he is mentioned as a servant to the Duke's family.

He went on to the University of Halle, whose Law School he entered in 1727. He finished his preliminary studies within two years, titling his thesis Dissertatio Inauguralis de Jure Maurorum in Europa (1729). This manuscript on The Rights of Moors in Europe is lost, but a summary was published in his university's Annals (1730). For his further studies Amo moved to the University of Wittenberg, studying logic, metaphysics, physiology, astronomy, history, law, theology, politics, and medicine, and mastered six languages (English, French, Dutch, Latin, Greek, and German). His medical education in particular was to play a central role in much of his later philosophical thought.

He gained his doctorate in philosophy at Wittenberg in 1734; his thesis (published as On the Absence of Sensation in the Human Mind and its Presence in our Organic and Living Body) argued in favour of a broadly dualist account of the person. Specifically, he argues that it is correct to talk of a mind and a body, but that it is the body rather than the mind that perceives and feels. One example of an argument that Amo uses to show that it is the body, and not the mind, which senses goes as follows:

"Whatever feels, lives; whatever lives, depends on nourishment; whatever lives and depends on nourishment grows; whatever is of this nature is in the end resolved into its basic principles; whatever comes to be resolved into its basic principles is a complex; every complex has its constituent parts; whatever this is true of is a divisible body. If therefore the human mind feels, it follows that it is a divisible body."
 * (On the Ἀπάθεια (Apatheia) of the Human Mind 2.1)

Because (on Amo's account) the human mind is by definition immaterial and not a divisible body (On the Ἀπάθεια (Apatheia) of the Human Mind 1.3), it therefore cannot be the case that the mind itself senses.

Philosophical career and later life
Amo returned to the University of Halle to lecture in philosophy under his preferred name of Antonius Guilielmus Amo Afer. In 1736 he was made a professor. From his lectures, he produced his second major work in 1738, Treatise on the Art of Philosophising Soberly and Accurately, in which he developed an empiricist epistemology very close to but distinct from that of philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume. In it he also examined and criticised faults such as intellectual dishonesty, dogmatism, and prejudice.

In 1740, Amo took up a post in philosophy at the University of Jena, but while there he experienced a number of changes for the worse. The Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel had died in 1735, leaving him without his long-standing patron and protector. That coincided with social changes in Germany, which was becoming intellectually and morally narrower and less liberal. Those who argued against the secularisation of education (and against the rights of Africans in Europe) were regaining their ascendancy over those who campaigned for greater academic and social freedom, such as Christian Wolff.

Amo was subjected to an unpleasant campaign by some of his enemies, including a public lampoon staged at a theatre in Halle. He finally decided to return to the land of his birth. He set sail on a Dutch West India Company ship to Ghana via Guinea, arriving in about 1747; his father and a sister were still living there. His life from then on becomes more obscure. According to at least one report, he was taken to a Dutch fortress, Fort San Sebastian in Shama, in the 1750s, possibly to prevent him sowing dissent amongst the people. The exact date, place, and manner of his death are unknown, though he probably died in about 1759 at the fort in Shama in Ghana.

Honors
On 10 October 2020, Google celebrated him with a Google Doodle.

In Stuttgart, an Anton Wilhelm Amo Square in front of the Stuttgart Labour Court was decided in 2022. At the end of January 2023, the square formerly known as "Lerchenplätzle" in front of the Stuttgart Labour Court in Johannesstraße was renamed "Anton-Wilhelm-Amo-Platz". In August 2020, in a context of "decolonization" of place names perceived to have racist origins, officials in the German capital Berlin proposed renaming Mohrenstraße to "Anton-Wilhelm-Amo-Straße" in his honor.

In 2024, two museum exhibitions will be held in Germany that focus exclusively on Anton Wilhelm Amo: "Focus on Amo. Pictures for a Scholar" in the Löwengebäude of the University in Halle/Saale and the exhibition "Anton Wilhelm Amo - Between the Worlds" at the Museum of Municipal Collections in the Zeughaus in Lutherstadt Wittenberg. The curator of this exhibition was the ethnologist Nils Seethaler.

Works

 * Dissertatio inauguralis de iure maurorum in Europa, 1729 (lost). Translated title: Inaugural dissertation on the laws of the Moors in Europe.
 * Dissertatio inauguralis philosophica de humanae mentis apatheia, Wittenberg, 1734. Inaugural dissertation on the impassivity of the human mind.
 * Disputatio philosophica continens ideam distinctam eorum quae competunt vel menti vel corpori nostro vivo et organico, Wittenberg, 1734 (Ph.D. thesis). Philosophical discourse presenting ("containing") a distinct idea of what belongs either to the mind or to our living and organic body.
 * Tractatus de arte sobrie et accurate philosophandi, 1738. Treatise on the art of philosophising soberly and precisely.

title: Anton Wilhelm Amo


text:
Grapevine (disambiguation)

Grapevine is the common name for plants of the genus Vitis.

Other meanings include:

Terminology

 * Grapevine (gossip), a term often used to describe a form of communication by means of gossip or rumor, as in "heard it through the grapevine"
 * Double fisherman's knot, used to join two lengths of rope
 * Leglock in wrestling, grappling, and martial arts; a practitioner wrapping their legs around a limb or limbs of their opponent to gain control or leverage
 * Grapevine (dance move), dance figure in partner dancing
 * Beep line, a improvised telephone chat line hosted over busy signals

Media

 * The Grapevine, a website operated by The Root
 * Grapevine (internet service provider), an internet service provider based in Canberra, Australia
 * The Reykjavík Grapevine, an English language Icelandic magazine based in Reykjavík
 * The Grapevine (newspaper), a publication in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia
 * Homeless Grapevine, a street newspaper in Cleveland
 * Grapevine (TV series), a 1992 American program
 * A segment on the TV show Special Report with Bret Baier
 * "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", a 1967 song recorded by various Motown artists
 * "Grapevine" (Tiësto song), 2018
 * "Grapevine" (Weyes Blood song), 2022

Places

 * The Grapevine, a road grade of Interstate 5 in California that leads up from Grapevine (1499 feet, 457 m) to Tejon Pass (4144 feet, 1263 m), connecting the California Central Valley with the Los Angeles area
 * Grapevine, California
 * Grapevine, Arkansas
 * Grapevine, Kentucky
 * Grapevine, Texas
 * Grapevine High School
 * Grapevine Airstrip
 * Grapevine Canyon
 * Grapevine Creek
 * Grapevine Hills
 * Grapevine Lake
 * Grapevine Mountains
 * Grapevine Peak

Other uses

 * Grapevine cross, a major symbol of the Georgian Orthodox Church
 * Senecio tamoides, a climbing plant that is known as "false grapevine"

title: Grapevine (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Sister Souljah moment

Neutral Effort
I made some changes that someone asked I explain as to why they would be more neutral. I thought the point of the article was to explain the political manuever itself. So I removed three things:
 * 1. "In the end, there is little evidence that Clinton's remarks hurt him in the long run with black voters and he remained popular with them. The comic Chris Rock called him "our first black president" (a comment famously repeated by author Toni Morrison) and he was inducted into the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame as an honorary member, the first white person so honored"
 * 2. "Interestingly, just as Clinton's comments did not cause lasting damage to his support among blacks, Bush's remarks did not alienate religious conservatives, who continued to be among his strongest supporters."
 * 3. "McCain would later seek to mend his fences with this important part of the Republican base in preparation for a 2008 presidential run."

Each incidence seems to obscure the focus of the article on these moves and go beyond into how these men actually appealed to parties that might oppose their moves with separate stances apart from these specifically detailed ones. I assumed that leaving open the ability to discuss these men beyond their Souljah movements leaves open much room for conjecture.

I thought that made sense. I am not willing to fight for these changes though if someone wants to restore what I changed. - Abisai

Democratic and Republican "beliefs"
I just removed the following:

 * Similar behavior can be seen in other actions on the part of America's Democratic party when they publicly endorse:
 * Support for America's Military
 * Belief on God
 * Disapproval of Communism
 * or America's Republican party when they publicly endorse:
 * Civil Rights
 * concern for the Middle class
 * fiscal stewardship
 * These public endorsements do not even begin to reflect the true nature of their beliefs, but simply represent additional examples of Sister Souljah moments, whereby they realize that their political future relies on concealing their true beliefs on these issues.
 * These public endorsements do not even begin to reflect the true nature of their beliefs, but simply represent additional examples of Sister Souljah moments, whereby they realize that their political future relies on concealing their true beliefs on these issues.
 * These public endorsements do not even begin to reflect the true nature of their beliefs, but simply represent additional examples of Sister Souljah moments, whereby they realize that their political future relies on concealing their true beliefs on these issues.

Here is why: Now, if someone want to write a section comparing the use of "motherhood and apple pie" and "Sister Souljah moment" in politics, I encourage that person to go ahead. However, the passage above, as written, is misleading and NPOV. k.lee 04:44, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Prominent members of both of these parties genuinely support all of the above. It is both NPOV and grossly inaccurate to state that endorsing these things is an act of deception.
 * Deception is not a necessary component of a Sister Souljah moment. Presumably Bill Clinton genuinely opposed the idea of having a week to kill white people.  (For one thing, Clinton is white.)
 * No specific extremist figure or position is being repudiated in endorsing the items above generically. If John McCain were to endorse civil rights, that would not be a Sister Souljah moment; if he were to attack John Ashcroft and the PATRIOT act, it would be.  Therefore, the act of, say, professing belief in God is much more like motherhood and apple pie than Sister Souljah moment.

NPOV
Is a "Sister Souljah moment" capable of becoming a neutral subject heading suitable for Wikipedia? --Wetman 04:05, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't see why not. Among the chattering classes, the term has a fairly precise denotation and connotation, although its usage probably peaked sometime in the late 90's.  The bare facts of the term's origin story are widely agreed upon.  And the story is not universally understood to reflect either well or poorly on Clinton --- it depends on whom you ask --- so the act of telling the story itself doesn't  violate NPOV. k.lee 06:04, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

As a political tactic
To clarify: the term "Sister Souljah moment" is used principally when commentators wish to talk about an act in terms of its political ramifications. This doesn't mean that the act is insincere or politically calculated, but rather that the speaker using the term wishes to emphasize or analyze the political effect of the act. Accordingly, discussion of the political effect belongs in the first paragraph of the article, which is why I moved it back to the top (a previous editor had moved it to the bottom). Please keep this in mind in future edits. k.lee 06:10, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

deleted my own comment on third way, missed the negations in it, nevermind. Wolfman 07:37, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"Whether sincere or not, such an act of repudiation can appeal to centrist voters, at the cost of alienating some of the politician's allies."

To me, this sentence makes it sound like the voters gained equal the voters lost. When Bill Clinton employed it, he was able to keep his vice grip on the Black vote AND gained centrist votes. It is a tactic that can work well, or disastrously, and that should be acknowledged. Emma

- I changed the word "cost" to "risk" in response to Emma's concerns and incorporated her point about Clinton into the discussion. --JChap2007 18:47, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

=
=== Believing that "without its context" is a sufficient disclaimer as to the reliability of the perception of Ms. Souljah's quote, I removed a portion which seemed to be overly defensive of her intent and the accompanying paraphrase, which I thought even more egregious.

DrZin

George W. Bush
Did he have a Sister Souljah moment when he criticized a segment of the Republican party for using words like "Slouching Towards Gomorrah?" If that's the case, please post it in the article as another example. --- Yes. I included this in the article, along with an example of a similar moment from John McCain. --JChap2007 18:51, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Quayle/Brown
Would the Dan Quayle and Murphy Brown incident count as a Sister Souljah moment? 70.20.216.43 05:37, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Need Reference for Origin of Term
None of the cited sources seem to contain the term "Sister Souljah moment".

No reference is provided for the coining or use of this term in any significant or notable capacity.

This entry is for a neologism (see: WP:NEO).

I do not believe this article satisfies the criteria for a Wikipedia article, and should be recommended for deletion if these concerns can not be addressed. dircha 06:38, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * FYI there are over 10,000 Google hits for |Sister Souljah Moment and I am reasonably confident that the term has been used on the websites of most major United States daily newspapers. See, e.g., USA Today 2008-11-20, Washington Post 2009-05-13, NY Times 2008-06-15, LA Times 2009-08-11, Wall Street Journal 2004-11-11.  I started this article because I wanted to know what the heck these people were talking about.  I don't see what's served by removing it.  k.lee (talk) 05:38, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
 * to be fair, no-one's actually suggested removing it for nearly three years now. in my opinion, the article is a strong keep. we should cement this status by adding all the references you've found to it.  tomasz.  10:32, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

p.s. prospect.org has a post today with many references that could probably be used to shore up this article if someone made the effort. k.lee (talk) 18:26, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Sister Soulja #2?
Does anyone else think that Bill Clinton's comment when answering the question about how it must feel for Obama to run against two people fall under this term? He laughed and said "Even Jesse Jackson won here in 1984 and 1988." Many pundits believe that these race tactics in the last few days of the SC primary led to him getting 81% of the African-American vote, and may even ruin her candidacy while propelling him to the nomination.

I went back to this page today after visiting it the day before the primary and I thought for sure that it would be included, especially after how all the pundits and journalists on MSNBC and CNN were talking. Any thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by DLarsen01 (talk • contribs) 22:31, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Do we really need a section on "NOT a Sister Souljah moment"?
Fixed this a couple of times, repeating on Talk page. A columnist saying he wished a Politician took a stand and criticized people he wants them to criticize is always of dubious relevance. If we put every instance where we wanted a Pol to cut someone off at the knees, but they didn't, Wikipedia would run out of server space. --209.6.69.227 (talk) 19:17, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

Possible plagiarism?
The following 2 extensive phrases in the summary/introduction are identical to the “plagiarism” entry in Taegan Goddard’s Political Dictionary, with only 1 minor wording change: This is blatant plagiarism: either WP copied the wording directly from Goddard’s Political Dictionary, or vice versa. If it’s the former, quotation marks and citations to Goddard should be added to the article. Note that the Vennochi source is common to both WP and Goddard, but Goddard’s entry contains a citation to Schlesinger that isn’t cited by the WP article. --Jackftwist (talk) 18:14, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * In the 1st sentence: “… public repudiation of an extremist person or group, statement, or position perceived to have some association with the politician or the politician's party”. (Goddard says “his party” instead of “politician’s party”.)
 * 3rd sentence: “… designed to signal to centrist voters that the politician is not beholden to traditional, and sometimes unpopular, interest groups associated with the party…”
 * The first phrasing has been present in this article since my edit of October 2004. As far as I can remember, the sentence was original writing (although not original research; it was a one-sentence summary of the sources available to me at the time; keep in mind that standards for citations were different in 2004.). In 2004, politicaldictionary.com effectively did not exist (according to archive.org, it was owned by a domain squatter back then), and if you browse that site today you'll find that most of the articles are thin paraphrases of English Wikipedia content. It is highly likely that the site plagiarized Wikipedia, not the other way around. k.lee (talk) 18:22, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

"Pungent"
Google can find nothing on the web with the phrase "pungent sister souljah moment" except for wikipedia and those sites directly copying wikipedia's phrasing. Is it appropriate to delete that uncited statement? (It seems likely that "poignant" was meant, anyway.)

(Is concern about "citogenesis" a valid reason to delete relatively unimportant, uncited statements?)

Scott Lawrence (talk) 14:23, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Stennes Putsch
I would suggest that the Stennes Putsch be added; it seems a relevant example of a Sister Souljah moment. See:

"This "oath of legality", as well as the suppression of Nazi advocates of direct violence - the so called Stennesputsch in 1931 - added to this respectability." (Sanford L. Segal, Mathematicians under the Nazis, p. 78). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stennes_Revolt#Expulsion_of_Stennes

However, I don't have a source that specifically mentions the Putsch as a Sister Souljah moment. Can I make that judgment call? Can the community?

Aristotles (talk) 21:36, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

Legacy meme
It's quite possible this was a 'widely used term' in the 90s, but there are almost no references to the term in the decades since. This article could do with some editing to make it clear that this is a "dead meme". 122.58.89.12 (talk) 14:34, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sister Souljah moment


text:
Buller Conservation Group

Buller Conservation Group is a registered incorporated society and an environmental organisation active on the West Coast of New Zealand.

The organisation was actively involved in supporting Native Forest Action's campaigns against Timberlands logging of native forest, and Solid Energy's pollution of the Waimangaroa River.

The organisation has been actively campaigning against the open cast mining of coal on Department of Conservation land. A key organiser of the group, Pete Lusk, stood down as spokesperson after harassment and threats from locals, culminating in a pipe bomb exploding in his letterbox.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Buller Conservation Group


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CompTIA

from VfD:

CompTIA
Tagged by User:KSlayer but not listed here. Stub article with.. ehh, "idiosyncratic" style. Look at the source. —Stormie 04:51, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously. CompTIA is an extremely notably source of computer/IT certifications. Send to clean-up/rewrite/expand. Stop biting the newcomers - it looks like the IP originator of this registered today.  -- Netoholic @ 08:20, 2004 Oct 5 (UTC)
 * Keep. CompTIA is a somewhat notable company, so this looks like a valid topic. The silly test of hyperwikizication needs to be removed. Send to cleanup. jni 08:50, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, now that I've had a chance to look into it. "more than 20,000 members in 102 countries", according to their website. —Stormie 09:31, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - this is highly encyclopaedic - David Gerard 11:45, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Valid, notable trade association.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:34, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - I think this is a useful article. Nv8200p 21:33, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - MSTCrow 05:44, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve. Decidely notable institution. Surprised that we didn't have an article on this sooner. Thanks to whoever started it. Ropers 23:09, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I checked what it looked like last week, and can understand why you'd have a problem with it being that way, but VfD is not meant to be used for cleanup. Factitious 02:21, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CompTIA


text:
Freedom Radio

Freedom Radio (a.k.a. A Voice in the Night ) is a 1941 British propaganda film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Clive Brook, Diana Wynyard, Raymond Huntley and Derek Farr. It is set in Nazi Germany during the Second World War and concerns an underground German resistance group who run a radio station broadcasting against the totalitarian Third Reich.

It was shot at Shepperton Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Sheriff.

Plot
The story begins in Vienna just before the beginning of the Second World War. Dr Roder is physician to some important members of the Nazi party but prefers being at his luxurious house with his wife, Irena, and servants. Irena's brother Otto returns from Italy and they throw a party with many interesting and high-ranking attendees. During the party the Gestapo call, requiring his immediate attendance.

At his club, the main servitor, Sebastian, announces the club is closing and they will not see him again. Some of Dr Roder's friends have already been taken away for 'questioning' and Dr Roder is horrified and afraid of the direction in which his country is going.

His wife Irena is an actress, and after her performance it is related that Adolf Hitler very much admired her performance. She is offered a post in Berlin as Reich Director of Popular Pageantry. At church the priest decries the deposition of a fellow priest, inciting an attack by a group of SS officers including Otto who glares at the shocked doctor. The priest is killed but the press release blames the congregation.

Hans Glaser is trying to get a radio sales licence and the doctor says he will try to help. He tells his fiancee Elly, who runs a newspaper stall despite various papers regularly being confiscated by the authorities.

Frau Schmidt is pestered by her neighbour, who frequently scrounges from her, but never pays anything back. This time she asks for lard, but Frau Schmidt refuses, as she has little enough herself. The neighbour is furious at being turned down for once; she eavesdrops and hears Frau Schmidt listening to French broadcasts, then maliciously reports her to the SS, who smash her radio and arrest her just as her granddaughter Elly arrives. An SS officer assaults the girl. She is interrogated, but after Irena learns what happened to her, she intervenes and demands that Elly's attacker be punished, and Elly cared for, and they are told that Elly will go to a "rest home".

Dr Roder and his wife start drifting apart especially when he says the Nazi party is like a cancer. She leaves him and goes to stay in Stuttgart. Things get worse, with beatings, interrogations and book burning.

The doctor asks Hans to build a secret radio. Hans first suspects a trick. The doctor explains he wants to create a "Freedom Station"... both knowing they face death if caught. They use a basement under a toy shop and smuggle parts in through toys brought for repair; they grow a network of helpers, including Fenner, an actor friend of Dr. Roder's.

Dr Roder creates a secret radio station transmitting on 26.9, from which he broadcasts condemnations of Hitler and prays for a "better" Germany to arise from the ashes of his ruined country. The unauthorised broadcast is intercepted and a public announcement made saying "do not listen to 26.9" accidentally promoting the station. They broadcast each evening at 10.30pm.

The birth of "Freedom Radio" sees the creation of an underground group of anti-Nazis who regard Karl as their leader.

Multiple people ring the doctor to wish him happy birthday... but it is not his birthday.

Captain Muller explains to his superiors how triangulation can be used to calculate where the signal is coming from. He blames Goebels for jamming the signal which then cannot be traced.

Otto visits Irena when the radio is on, they both think they recognise Dr Roder's voice. Otto is asked to join Muller's detection unit. Fenner starts doing more of the live broadcasts and the doctor's voice is put onto a gramophone record for broadcast, whilst he appears in public to prove that he is not the Voice.

His friend Rudolf has friends on each side. It is intimated to Rudolph in a coded message that Germany will invade Poland on the following Friday.

It is discovered that Hitler will be making a major broadcast from a stadium and Hans goes to rig up a bypass to allow their own message to be broadcast instead. Ironically Irena is in charge of organising the pageantry of the huge rally. She has a special seat with Rabenau. Hitler starts to speak then it jumps to Roder... he speaks for under a minute before the power is switched off. Hans is almost caught, but, with the aid of a secret supporter, gets away, dressed as an SS officer. However, he and Fenner are pursued, and Fenner sacrifices his life to ensure Hans' liberty.

They suspect Dr Roder and burst into his clinic. They find nothing. Meanwhile Hans gets home and finds Elly in his room; she looks broken, like an old woman. Unknown to Hans and the Roders, she had been sent not to a care home, but to a concentration camp.

Dr Roder's wife returns and accuses him of being a traitor. He vows to make one last broadcast. Otto appears and chats with Mrs Roder; he overheard them talking and believes she knows where her husband is going to make the broadcast from. She is taken to Ranenau's office, but tells them the wrong place. However, they work out that Dr Roder had indicated a photo in a frame as the site of the broadcast. The SS identify it as Spiedler's cottage. As Ranenau tells Irena that there will indeed be war she goes to Dr Roder to warn him that the Gestapo are coming to the cottage. But the doctor sets up the transmitter in the back of a van. Irena joins him, for the first time understanding that things are not as she had thought. The Gestapo close in and locate the van. They fire a machine gun into the van killing the doctor but not before he broadcasts their country's plan to invade Poland. As he is killed, first Irena takes over the broadcast, then, when she is killed, others in the group broadcast from elsewhere that good people were murdered that day, but that they will continue to broadcast the truth.

Cast

 * Clive Brook as Dr. Karl Roder
 * Diana Wynyard as Irena Roder
 * Raymond Huntley as Rabenau
 * Derek Farr as Hans Glaser
 * Joyce Howard as Elly Schmidt
 * Howard Marion-Crawford as Kummer
 * John Penrose as Otto
 * Morland Graham as Father Landbach
 * Ronald Squire as Rudolf Spiedler
 * Reginald Beckwith as Fenner
 * Clifford Evans as Dressler
 * Bernard Miles as Captain Müller S
 * Gibb McLaughlin as Dr Weiner
 * Muriel George as Hanna
 * Martita Hunt as Frau Lehmann - Concierge
 * Hay Petrie as Sebastian
 * Manning Whiley as SS Trooper
 * Katie Johnson as Granny Schmidt
 * George Hayes as Policeman
 * Everley Gregg as Maria Tattenheim
 * Marie Ault as Old Woman Customer
 * Abraham Sofaer as Heini
 * Joan Hickson as Katie
 * Pat McGrath as Kurt
 * Wyndham Milligan as SS Guard
 * Bunty Payne as Ema
 * William Hartnell as Radio Operator

Critical reception
The New York Times critic wrote that "this is a frankly propagandistic drama...The admirable emotional restraint which went into the making of several of the better British war films seen here in the past year is sadly lacking."

Sky Movies called the film, "gripping, strongly cast and more subtle than most propaganda thrillers of its time...And film buffs may spot Katie Johnson, later to win fame in The Ladykillers but here, 13 years earlier, already in granny roles!"

Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz, German diplomat operating for British intelligence, recalls in his autobiography working on the film as a consultant at Shepperton in the winter of 1939–40.

title: Freedom Radio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sith code

Sith code
Non-encyclopedic fancruft. SWAdair | Talk 04:55, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. Ian Pugh 05:44, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yet more Star Wars cruft. Average Earthman 09:05, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. jni 10:47, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If the game is official merchandise, merge and redirect there. If not, delete - David Gerard 11:49, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just a non-notable quote from a game.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:35, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. Fire Star 20:23, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Instead of jamming this into WP, fannish folk should really turn this type of stuff into a Wikibooks Speculative fiction annotated study guide. It may have a pop culture study use, but probably not in this forum.D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 21:49, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The fancruft is strong in this one. --Improv 16:13, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Inconsequential gamer stuff. Geogre 20:54, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although the above points are very valid, the 'Sith code' is still something that someone may want information about. 65.31.221.177 21:01, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * And they can find it on any fansite. Or GameFAQs, possibly. But why would you look for it on Wikipedia? Delete. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 06:54, 2004 Oct 9 (UTC)
 * Delete and then salt the earth so it can't reappear. I enjoy Wikipedia articles on fictional universes and strongly believe they should be kept.  However, we really don't need a copy of the Sith fighting song. Gamaliel 21:07, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
RMS Alcantara (1926)

RMS Alcantara was a Royal Mail Lines ocean liner that was built in Belfast in 1926. She served in the Second World War first as an armed merchant cruiser and then a troop ship. She returned to civilian service in 1948 and was scrapped in 1958.

Background
In the First World War the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company lost a number of ships to enemy action, including three of its "A-series" passenger liners: RMS Alcantara (1913), HMT Aragon and. After the 1918 Armistice RMSP prioritised the replacement of lost cargo ships, using new refrigerated cargo ships to take a share of the growing trade in frozen meat from South America to the UK.

High demand for new merchant ships to replace First World War losses kept shipbuilding prices high, so RMSP Chairman Lord Kylsant deferred ordering any new passenger liners for a few years. However, in 1921 Parliament passed the first of five Trade Facilities Acts, which offered low-interest loans and Government guarantees for repayment. In 1924 Kylsant took advantage of the Act by ordering from Harland and Wolff of Belfast a pair of passenger liners with a speed of 18 to 19 kn.

As a diesel-powered motor ship

Harland and Wolff launched the new Asturias on 7 July 1925 and completed her in February 1926. Her sister ship Alcantara was launched on 23 September 1926 and completed in February 1927. The latter was named after RMSP's previous Alcantara, which was an armed merchant cruiser in the First World War and had been lost when she and the German armed merchant cruiser SMS Greif (1914) sank each other in 1916.

The new Alcantara was given the UK official number 148151 and code letters KVQC. When four-letter maritime call signs were introduced in 1934, Asturias was given the call sign GLQR.

Each of the two new ships was powered by a pair of eight-cylinder four-stroke double-acting diesel engines built by Harland and Wolff to a Burmeister & Wain design. The engines gave each ship 10,000 ihp or 7,500 bhp, and at the time they were the World's largest motor ships. However, their cruising speed was only 16+1/2 kn, which was less than that of competing ships already on the route between European ports and the South American east coast. This was an embarrassment for Lord Kylsant, who in 1924 had become Chairman of Harland and Wolff in addition to his position as chairman of RMSP.

In comparison, Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique had two liners on the route, Lutetia (1913) and Massilia (1920), that were smaller and older but at 20 kn could offer a passage that was quicker by several days. Hamburg Süd also competed on the route with its, 19 kn SS Cap Polonio. In 1927 Hamburg Süd strengthened its competition by introducing the liner SS Cap Arcona (1927), which not only matched the speed of the French ships but at also became the largest ship on the route between Europe and South America.

Repowering with steam turbines
In 1931 the Royal Mail Case resulted in the jailing of Lord Kylsant, and in 1932 the company was reconstituted as a new body, Royal Mail Lines, chaired by Lord Essendon. He claimed that German, Italian, and French competitors were running ships to South America at 22 kn, giving a passage about five days quicker than RMSP. The new RML company immediately considered how to raise the speed of Asturias and Alcantara. Essendon concluded that foreign competitors were losing money at 22 knots, but a range of options to raise the speed of Asturias and Alcantara to 19 to 22 kn should be evaluated. Essendon also proposed inviting foreign competitors to agree on a 19-knot speed limit on the South American route, so that all companies could economise on fuel and attempt to cover their costs.

At that time marine diesel power was at a relatively early stage of development, and RML considered it unable to increase the two ships' speed to the required level. Lord Essendon therefore recommended steam turbines, and two options for the drive system: either conventional reduction gearing, or the newer turbo-electric transmission that had been pioneered in the USA and successfully applied to US, UK and French ocean liners. Whichever transmission was chosen, the cost of re-engining Asturias and Alcantara was estimated at about £500,000. Lord Essendon also urged RML directors to order a third ship of similar speed to share the route with Asturias and Alcantara.

Given the Great Depression at the time, the RML board rejected the idea of a new ship. At first it was prepared to have only one ship re-engined, and proposed reassigning the other to cruising to replace the ageing A-series liner SS Atlantis (1913). However, in May 1933 the board consented to have both Asturias and Alcantara re-engined, and at the same time to lengthen their bows and improve the accommodation. RML awarded the work to Harland and Wolff, but with a condition in the contract that the ships must achieve at least 18+3/4 kn, and a graduated penalty clause in case the actual speed increase should fall short of that figure. In the same year, Lord Essendon succeeded in getting RML's competitors to accept a 19-knot speed limit on the South American route.

Harland and Wolff fitted each ship with three water-tube boilers supplying superheated steam at 435 lbf/in2 to a set of six turbines that drove her twin propeller shafts by single reduction gearing. The National Physical Laboratory helped the shipyard to design new aerofoil-section manganese bronze three-bladed propellers; the rudders were also streamlined. The new machinery succeeded in increasing each ship's nominal horsepower by 25% and increased their speed to about 19 kn.

Asturias was converted first, going to Belfast in May 1934 and returning to service in October. Only after Asturias had successfully completed a voyage from Southampton to Rio de Janeiro and back did RMSP send Alcantara to Harland and Wolff at Belfast in November. She returned to service in May 1935.

Each ship had two funnels, of which the forward one was a dummy. As built the funnels were low, which was a fashion for some 1920s and '30s motor ships. When the ships were re-engined in 1934 each funnel was increased in height.

Second World War service
In 1939 the Admiralty requisitioned Alcantara and Asturias and had each ship converted into an armed merchant cruiser. The mainmast and forward dummy funnel of each ship were removed to increase the arc of fire for their anti-aircraft guns.

Alcantara was sent to Malta for further modifications, but en route she had a major collision with the Cunard ship RMS Franconia (1922). As a result, Alcantara continued to Alexandria for hull repairs. The beds from Alcantara were sent to Malta, installed in Admiralty House and used for bombed out civilians and naval staff.

On 28 July 1940 Alcantara encountered the German GERMAN AUXILIARY CRUISER Thor in the South Atlantic. With her steam turbines Alcantara made 21+1/2 kn for four hours to chase Thor, and two shells from Alcantara's six-inch main guns hit the German ship. But three shells from Thor hit Alcantara and one flooded her engine room. This forced Alcantara to reduce speed, enabling Thor to escape.

In 1943 Alcantara was converted into a troop ship.

Final years and artefacts

Alcantara remained a troop ship well after the end of the war, and did not return to civilian service until October 1948. Asturias remained in UK Government service as an emigrant ship, and Alcantara resumed their route between Southampton and South America, together with RMS Andes (1939). In April 1958 she was withdrawn from service and sold to Japanese shipbreakers who renamed her Kaisho Maru, took her to Japan and broke her up in the same year.

As part of the conversion to an auxiliary ship, mahogany wood panelling in the lobby was removed and stored in order to be replaced after the war. Eventually, the panels were not reused but were sold to the Parish Church of Our Lady of Graces in Żabbar, Malta, where they were used as the platform for the 1951 titular painting coronation ceremony. The panels are now in the Żabbar Sanctuary Museum.

title: RMS Alcantara (1926)


text:
Vig

Vig or VIG may refer to:
 * Vig (surname), an Indian surname
 * Vig, Denmark, a railway town on the island of Zeeland, Denmark
 * Vigorish, or "vig", a fee charged by a bookmaker for services
 * Ben Vig, American politician
 * Butch Vig, music producer and drummer for rock band Garbage
 * John Vig, American physicist
 * Miklós Vig, Hungarian cabaret and jazz singer, actor, comedian and theater secretary from the 1920s to the 1940s
 * Vigilance Control (see Dead man's switch), also known as Driver's Safety Device (DSD)
 * Vector inversion generator, an electric pulse compression and voltage multiplication device
 * Vienna Insurance Group, also known as Wiener Städtische Versicherung AG, an Austrian insurance firm
 * VIG (Video Interaction Guidance), an interactive method to increase mother-child attachment and other therapeutic gains.
 * Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo Airport (IATA code: VIG)

VIG

title: Vig


text:
Karori

Karori is a suburb located at the western edge of the urban area of Wellington, New Zealand, 4 km from the city centre and is one of New Zealand's most populous suburbs, with a population of in

Origins
The name Karori used to be Kaharore and is from te reo Māori. It comes from the Māori phrase 'te kaha o ngā rore' meaning 'the place of many bird snares'. Originally forested, Māori used the Karori area for hunting. It also had tracks crossing it that led to Māori pā on the west coast.

No Māori lived in the area when the first European settlers came to Karori in the 1840s, having bought the land from the New Zealand Company. The first settler in Karori, John Yule of Glasgow, cleared 20 acres of forest on his section with his younger brother Moses and advertised its sale in December 1841. By 1845, ten 100-acre sections were being taken up and sub-divided, and Karori recorded 215 inhabitants – 109 of them under the age of 14 years.

In 1845 a group of armed police from Wellington constructed a small fortified post that became known as "The Stockade" in response to fears of attacks from nearby Māori insurgents. While there were no attacks, the stockade was used for a church service and to grind grain. The stockade was located on Mr Chapman's land, about halfway along what is now Marsden Avenue.

The first mental hospital in Wellington was built in 1854. By 1871 it had 23 inmates and was run by untrained staff, which resulted in the first matron and her husband being dismissed in 1872 because of cruelty. In 1873 the asylum moved from Karori to the site of present-day Government House in central Wellington. Karori School took over the asylum site in 1875.

Frederick Mackie in his book Traveller under concern described Karori in the 1850s:

 * "The walk was highly romantic. The road is cut out of the sides of steep hills covered with forest. The ever-winding road, the steep declivities, the forest above and below you, and the continual murmur of streams concealed in the depths below were very pleasing, as every few yards a new scene and fresh objects were brought to view. In one spot I obtained a view of the harbour, which today was like a bright glassy lake, and beyond it were the lofty ranges of the snow-clad Rimutaka and Tararuas, partly glistening in the sun and partly shrouded in cloud."

Karori gold rush
Karori experienced a gold rush when the valley of the Upper Kaiwharawhara Stream became subject to intensive gold-mining activity between 1869 and 1873. This activity eventually led to the building of the lower Karori Dam (now part of Zealandia) in 1873. At the height of the rush, about 200 men worked the claims, driving shafts and drives up to 500 feet in length into the hills.

Growth and subdivision
In 1888 a syndicate purchased section 34, which was the closest to town (running from present day Ponsonby Road to Cooper Street). The new owners prepared the land for sale by building roads and naming them after the members of the syndicate and their families, and by running a marketing campaign, including providing free buses from Manners Street and writing poems: In far-famed New Zealand, the evergreen free land Most favoured and beautiful Queen of the wave, Where the sun ever smiling, bad weather beguiling, Brightly shines on the face of the honest and brave. Tho' for Europe's bold races there are plenty of places Adapted as homes for the great and the small, Yet, for onward progressing and bountiful blessing There is one whose position is far before all. So haste where kind Nature's arrayed in her glory, To pleasant, romantic, suburban Karori.

Karori Borough, 1891–1920
Karori was a part of Hutt County from the county's establishment in 1877 to 1891 when Karori was declared a separate borough following a petition in favour of forming a borough with 123 signatories. A counter-petition garnered 41 signatories.

Amalgamation with Wellington, 1920
Both Wellington and Karori expanded towards each other, the two urban areas becoming gradually connected, aided by the construction of the Karori tunnel in 1901, and the Borough of Karori amalgamated with the City of Wellington in 1920.

Demographics
Karori, comprising the statistical areas of Karori East, Karori North, Karori Park and Karori South, covers 6.28 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Karori had a population of 15,234 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 555 people (3.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,230 people (8.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 5,361 households, comprising 7,479 males and 7,755 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 3,114 people (20.4%) aged under 15 years, 2,937 (19.3%) aged 15 to 29, 7,272 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,911 (12.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 76.0% European/Pākehā, 5.7% Māori, 3.4% Pasifika, 19.5% Asian, and 3.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 35.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.9% had no religion, 33.9% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.7% were Hindu, 1.2% were Muslim, 1.7% were Buddhist and 2.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 6,231 (51.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 717 (5.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 4,185 people (34.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 6,549 (54.0%) people were employed full-time, 1,797 (14.8%) were part-time, and 501 (4.1%) were unemployed.

Sports teams
Waterside Karori association football club founded when Karori Swifts and Waterside (a club based in Kaiwharawhara) merged.

 * Karori United Tennis Club based in Karori.
 * Karori Amateur Athletics Club
 * Karori Cricket Club
 * Karori Netball Club
 * Karori Bowling Club

Karori Historical Society
Karori Historical Society is one of many historical societies of Aotearoa New Zealand, membership application is open to all residents and citizens of New Zealand. The activities include publishing books about the history of Karori and there are many titles listed on their website for example Karori and its People and Karori Streets 1841–1991. The book Karori Streets was updated in 2019 and is about the European settlement of the suburb. Original authors are Will Chapman and historian Katherine (Kitty) Wood who was born in 1912. Judith Burch is the president of Karori historical society and co-author of the book, Karori and its People. The other author is Jan Heynes, also the vice president of the society. Heynes has family connections in Karori from in the early 1900s through the Kirkcaldie family.

Notable people

 * Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923), novelist
 * George Friend (1835–1898), parliamentary official
 * Duncan Oughton: football player
 * George Hudson (entomologist)
 * Tom Young (trade unionist)
 * Harold Beauchamp: chairman of the Bank of New Zealand, father to Katherine Mansfield
 * Daisy Platts-Mills: doctor and community leader
 * Colin McLeod (engineer)
 * Samuel Duncan Parnell: activist
 * Diana Mason (doctor)
 * Bryan Waddle: sports broadcaster
 * E. Mervyn Taylor: artist

Parks and reserves
Zealandia (formerly called the Karori Wildlife Sanctuary) is an enclosed restoration project focusing on the flora and fauna that inhabited the valley before human settlement.

Karori Park, on Karori Road features a football and cricket sports ground, all-weather track, changing rooms and play area.

Ben Burn Park, on Campbell Street features a football and cricket sports ground, changing rooms, athletics, play area and artificial cricket surfaces.

Wrights Hill Reserve in southern Karori features mountain bike and walking tracks and the historic Wrights Hill Fortress with a network of tunnels and gun emplacements overlooking the valley. Makara Peak Mountain Bike Park in southern Karori has over 40 km of mountain bike and walking tracks built by the mountain biking community and is recognised as a world-class area dedicated to mountain biking.

Karori pool
Karori pool is a modern indoor swimming complex with a 25-metre heated pool, learners' pool, toddlers' pool, spa pool and a 30-metre hydro-slide. The pool was originally an outdoor facility first opened in 1936. The pool was converted to an indoor pool in 2001 and additional work in 2010 added the hydro-slide. The pool is home to the Karori Pirates swimming club.

Shopping
The centre of Karori contains a basic shopping mall with two supermarkets, a Council-operated library (containing a café), a recreation centre and other amenities.

Library
Karori Library opened in the 1840s, operating out of the community hall at the site of the present day library on Karori Road. In November 2005, the current two-level library and café were opened. The architects were Warren and Mahoney and the building received critical acclaim receiving this review in Architecture New Zealand: "The Karori library is a box of light that shines brightly in an overcast suburb. The relationship to the street is a model for all those who design for the outer city."

Community garden
The Karori Community Garden was founded in 2015 by Paul Stevenson. It is located at 21 Beauchamp Street, behind the Beauchamp Street Chapel.

Churches and cemeteries
Karori Cemetery is the second-largest in New Zealand. Opened in 1891, it replaced the cemetery at Bolton Street as the main burial ground for the inhabitants of Wellington. It covers 100 acres / 40 hectares. The Small Chapel contains excellent stained glass windows designed by Wilhelmina Geddes. The cemetery contains the war graves of 267 Commonwealth service personnel of World War I and 123 of World War II, in separate plots for each war, the plots being linked by the Wellington Provincial Memorial (in the form of a marble archway) which commemorates 65 World War I and 20 World War II military personnel from the Wellington Military District who died abroad and have no known grave (most were buried at sea). Karori Cemetery "closed" in 1965 for the establishment of new burial plots, but interments in established graves continue.

Futuna Chapel, built in 1961 by the Society of Mary, was awarded New Zealand Institute of Architects Gold medal for best building in 1968. The chapel was deconsecrated in 2000 and was sold to a property developer who planned to clear the section for residential development. The building was saved when it was listed as a heritage building and is being restored by a Charitable Trust. Other churches in Karori include:

 * Karori Anglican Church
 * Karori Baptist Church
 * Catholic Church St Theresa
 * St Anselm's Union Church
 * St Ninian's Uniting
 * St Mary's Anglican Church

Public transport
Until 31 October 2017, the full length of Karori Road was served by the Karori Park trolley bus route, which replaced the former tram service in 1954. For many years vehicles on this route ran as Route 12 to Courtenay Place, but are now designated as Route 2 and through-routed via the city – alternating between Miramar and Seatoun as destinations. The weekday seven-minute service is the most-frequent of all Wellington routes. Other routes serving the suburb are Route 18e which runs through Kelburn to Miramar via Massey University; Route 21 which runs up Beauchamp St and down Birdwood St, to and from Courtenay Place; peak-time Route 37 which runs the 21 route to The Terrace, then via Bowen St and Featherston St to Brandon St; peak-time Route 33 from Karori South to and from Brandon St and peak-time Route 34 which runs from Karori West to and from Brandon St – with an hourly service from Karori South just to and from Karori Mall during the day.

Electric buses were introduced on Route 2 in August 2021.

School enrolment zone
Karori is within the enrolment zones for Wellington College, Wellington Girls' College, Wellington High School,Samuel Marsden, Karori West Normal School, and Karori Normal School.

Wellington Teachers' Training College
Stage one of purpose built faculties to hold the Wellington Teachers' Training College were complete in 1969 on the site 26–40 Donald Street. It has a rich history with many notable New Zealanders attended and teaching there. Other names include the Wellington College of Education. This campus was the home of Victoria University of Wellington Faculty of Education briefly with some controversy until 2016 when the Faculty moved to the Kelburn campus. Construction of a retirement village on the site is underway in 2020 with the company Ryman purchasing the site in 2017.

Secondary school
Samuel Marsden Collegiate School is a composite private Anglican girls' school on Karori Road in Marsden Village. It offers classes from new entrants to Year 13. In 2014 it had a roll of 502.

Public primary schools
Karori Normal School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of as of.

It was founded in 1857 and is the second-largest full primary school in New Zealand. It has an artificial turf, two playgrounds, 35 classrooms in approximately four buildings, a concrete field, and a grass field. The author Katherine Mansfield attended the school from 1895 to 1898 and there is a memorial to her at the school on a concrete field called the Katherine Mansfield field, located in front of a tree she wrote about in one of her stories.

Karori West Normal School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of.

Christian schools
Samuel Marsden Collegiate School Karori is an Anglican girls' school for Year 1 to 13 students, founded in 1878. It has a roll of as of.

St Teresa's School is a co-educational state-integrated Catholic school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of  as of.

Preschools
There are a number of preschool education providers in Karori, including:
 * Karori Playcentre
 * Marsden Preschool
 * Karori Kindercare
 * Donald Street Preschool
 * Karori Kids Preschool
 * Karori Childcare Centre
 * Karori Plunket Creche
 * St Mary's Early Childhood Education Centre
 * Sunshine Kindergarten
 * Kiwi Kids Preschool

title: Karori


text:
Kelburn

Kelburn may refer to:

 * Kelburn Castle, Scottish castle
 * Kelburn, New Zealand, suburb of Wellington

title: Kelburn


text:
User:Joeldixon66

I'm a Analyst Programmer from Melbourne, Australia. I like the concept of the Wikipedia - and have a quick search setup in Firefox : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%s.

Just added my first article, P3P, basically because I didn't know what it was - and surprisingly it wasn't on Wiki.

In case you're interested, here's my appropriately named Blog - The Rarely Updated Blog.

title: User:Joeldixon66