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Hip Hop Hoodíos

The Hip Hop Hoodíos (from Spanish judíos = Jews) are a multilingual rock en español/alternative rock and hip hop band. Founded in 2001 in Brooklyn, NY, the group is now bi-coastal and based in California and New York. They are composed of Josué Noriega (born Josh Norek), Abraham Vélez, and Federico Fong (former member of La Barranca, Jaguares and Caifanes).

Their 2002 debut EP 'Raza Hoodía' contains three songs based on different Latin styles as well as rock en español ("Ocho Kandelikas" being co-written by Juan Manuel Caipo from Orixa) and rap music; and two more rap-oriented tracks, including "Dicks & Noses." The video for "Ocho Kandelikas" received heavy airplay on MTV Tr3s. The 2005 full-length 'Agua Pa' La Gente' album features guest artists Frank London (The Klezmatics) and Paul Shapiro (Brooklyn Funk Essentials). Following the 'Viva La Guantanamera' EP in 2007, Hip Hop Hoodíos released the compilation 'Carne Masada: Quite Possibly The Very Best of Hip Hop Hoodíos,' which also featured three previously unreleased tracks. After a ten year retirement, Hip Hop Hoodíos resurfaced in 2019 as essentially a solo act led by Josh Norek in collaboration with prominent guests including Pato Machete of Control Machete, Mexican Institute of Sound, Santi Mostaffa and Hip Spanic Allstars.

The group has collaborated with several Grammy-winning artists, including members of Ozomatli, Jaguares and The Klezmatics. In 2022, Hip Hop Hoodíos' single "Knishin' In the Mission" was chosen by The Forward as one of 'The 150 Greatest Jewish Pop Songs of All Time." 1

Discography

 * 2002 Raza Hoodía EP (JN Media)
 * 2005 Agua pa' la gente (Jazzheads)
 * 2007 Viva la Guantanamera EP (Nacional Records)
 * 2009 Carne Masada: Quite Possibly the Very Best of Hip Hop Hoodíos (Jazzheads)
 * 2019 Knishin' In The Mission - single
 * 2020 Turn Back The Clock (Hoodíos Latinos) - single
 * 2020 Mexican Miller (The Stephen Miller Song) - single

title: Hip Hop Hoodíos


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The Rhyming Poem

"The Rhyming Poem", also written as "The Riming Poem", is a poem of 87 lines found in the Exeter Book, a tenth-century collection of Old English poetry. It is remarkable for being no later than the 10th century, in Old English, and written in rhyming couplets. Rhyme is otherwise virtually unknown among Anglo-Saxon literature, which used alliterative verse instead.

The poem is found on folios 94r-95v, in the third booklet of the Exeter Book, which may, or may not, be an indication of composition. Many scholarly attempts have been made to decipher the collation of the Exeter Book and to determine if works were placed in the manuscript by date or theme. Unlike the Monstrarum Librum of the Beowulf manuscript, the Exeter Book appears to be a self-consciously archival collection.

The poem concerns the troubles and transience of life. It contrasts the life of a ruler, from the time of his birth to his prosperous rule and life at court (lines 1-42), with his life after his fall, the subsequent rise of hostilities (lines 43-69) and his death (lines 70-79), ending with a reflection on the eternal glories of Heaven and the necessity of penance (lines 80-87). The poet may have taken the Book of Job, chapters 29 and 30, as its inspiration.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Rhyming Poem


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Joseph Trumbull (commissary general)

Joseph Trumbull (March 11, 1737 – July 23, 1778), son of Governor Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut, was the first commissary general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

Biography
Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut. He graduated from Harvard in 1756, the same year his brother, artist John Trumbull, was born, and worked in his father's mercantile business. He served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1767 to 1773. He joined the Connecticut Committee of Correspondence at the outset of the American Revolution. He was elected as an alternate delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774, but did not attend any sessions.

After the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the Connecticut Assembly appointed Trumbull as commissary general in charge of supplying food for the Connecticut troops who had joined the Siege of Boston. At Boston, General George Washington was impressed with Trumbull's efforts, and recommended him for the same job in the newly created Continental Army. On 19 July 1775, Congress appointed Trumbull as Commissary General of Stores and Provisions, with the rank of colonel.

Trumbull struggled to meet the needs of the army, and was strongly criticized by some congressmen. He got into a dispute with General Philip Schuyler, who wanted to appoint his nephew Walter Livingston as commissary for Schuyler's Northern Department. Trumbull was charged with corruption but an official inquiry cleared him of wrongdoing in December 1775. Trumbull resigned in 1777 when Congress took away some of his duties.

Congress then appointed him to the Board of War, and he served from August 1777 until his resignation in April 1778 due to sickness. He died three months later in Lebanon and was buried in the East Cemetery.

title: Joseph Trumbull (commissary general)


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John Rich (producer)

John Rich (1692–1761) was an important director and theatre manager in 18th-century London. He opened The New Theatre at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1714, which he managed until he built the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in 1732. He managed Covent Garden until 1761, putting on ever more lavish productions. He popularised pantomime on the English stage and played a dancing and mute Harlequin himself from 1717 to 1760 under the stage name of "Lun." Rich's version of the servant character, Arlecchino, moved away from the poor, dishevelled, loud, and crude character, to a colourfully-dressed, silent Harlequin, performing fanciful tricks, dances and magic. Rich's decision to be a silent character was influenced by his unappealing voice, of which he was well aware, and the British idea of the Harlequin character was heavily inspired by Rich's performances.

Biography
Rich as theatre manager

The exact date of John Rich's birth has not been established. He was baptised on 19 May 1692 at St Andrew, Holborn, the eldest son of the theatre manager Christopher Rich, who died on 4 November 1714, and his wife Sarah (née Bewley).

Christopher Rich left his eldest son three-quarters of his share in the Lincoln's Inn Fields theatre, and its associated patent, in his will. John Rich's younger brother, Christopher Mosyer Rich (1693-1774) received the remaining quarter. At that time, the theatre was still under re-construction, and performances did not start until 14 December 1714. The two brothers undertook the management of the theatre together at the outset but, over the years, Christopher Mosyer gradually withdrew from active involvement.

Rich's theatre came to specialize in what contemporaries called "spectacle." Today we might call them "special effects." His stagings would endeavour to present actual cannon shots, animals, and multiple illusions of battle. In particular, John Rich exaggerated the theatricality of the Restoration spectacular by creating a new form of hireling drama designed strictly to generate opulent stagecraft. Rich's work was heavily criticised by some, with open letters being published, accusing his work of causing decay in the culture and morality of the stage.

When Alexander Pope wrote the first version of The Dunciad, and even more in the second and third editions, Rich appears as a prime symptom of the disease of the age and debasement of taste. In his Dunciad Variorum of 1732, he makes John Rich the angel of the goddess Dulness:

Immortal Rich! how calm he sits at ease

Mid snows of paper, and fierce hail of pease;

And proud his mistress' orders to perform,

Rides in the whirlwind, and directs the storm." (III l. 257–260)

During his time as producer and director, Rich had multiple battles with his rival managers, including Colley Cibber. Pope summarizes the battle between Cibber's Drury Lane and Rich's Lincoln's Inn Fields as,

"Here shouts all Drury, there all Lincoln's-Inn;

Contending Theatres our (Dulness's) empire raise,

Alike their labours, and alike their praise."

1728 was the year that Rich produced John Gay's The Beggar's Opera. The play ran so successfully, with 62 performances, that it was famously said the play "made Gay rich and Rich gay." John Gay was a long-time friend of Pope's and a frequent collaborator of his.

A couple of years after the success of The Beggar's Opera, Rich moved his company from Lincoln's Inn Fields to a new theatre in Covent Garden. It is still a common misconception that Rich built Covent Garden Theatre with the profits from The Beggar's Opera. The true facts have been readily available since at least 1906, when Henry Saxe Wyndham's history of the theatre was published. Rich did what any entrepreneur might do - he advertised for investors, raised the money, and with it built the theatre. A complete paper-trail showing these events still exists: a copy of his Proposals, which all the prospective investors signed, is in the British Library. The subsequent share allocation for each investor is entered in the Middlesex Deeds Register at the London Metropolitan Archives, and the records of Hoare’s Bank in Fleet Street show when the money was received. These facts can now be found elsewhere, in a variety of sources, and show that the profits from The Beggar’s Opera were not involved in any way. The Survey of London even includes an Appendix giving the names of all the investors. Rich's theatre opened in 1732 and was the first of three theatres on the site, now known as the Royal Opera House. Rich commissioned some of the great landscape artists of his day to paint scenery for the Theatre, including George Lambert.

Rich's Lincoln's Inn, and then Covent Garden, theatres were in competition throughout his lifetime with Cibber's Drury Lane. Indeed, the two theatres twice put on the same play on the same night, with Romeo and Juliet and King Lear in 1756–57. Rich's company also staged a number of Shakespearean plays that are rarely seen today, among them Cymbeline. In Cibber's Apology, he blames the degradation and skyrocketing costs of play productions on Rich. The general opinion of satirists was that Cibber was thoroughly as guilty as Rich.

Though he may have been portrayed poorly by his rivals, Rich earned a reputation for being a good manager among other players, for good business practices, as well as supporting actors who had left the stage.

Around 1735, John Rich founded the Beefsteak Club along with his scenic artist, George Lambert, that met on Saturdays at a room in Covent Garden theatre.

George Frideric Handel

In 1734, Rich began an association with George Frideric Handel, allowing performances of his operas and oratorios at his new Covent Garden theatre. However, the operas were now out of fashion, and had lost their popularity. Performances were discontinued after a couple of years. On the other hand, the oratorio performances proved to be extremely successful. They were performed on those days in Lent when theatrical performances were forbidden by the Lord Chamberlain, and conveniently filled a niche in the theatrical calendar. The performances became an annual event, and continued long after the deaths of both Handel and Rich.

Rich as performer

Rich began his work as "Lun" the Harlequin character in 1717, wearing a leotard with diamond-shaped patches and a mask, encouraging the silence that became normal for the pantomime character. By 1728, Rich was synonymous with lavish (and successful) productions. He performed multiple roles as the "Harlequin" character while the Manager at Lincoln's Inn Fields, including Harlequin Doctor Faustus. He was praised for his movement style, allowing each limb to tell a story, such as in Harlequin Sorcerer where he portrayed the harlequin being hatched from an egg. According to Soame Jenyns in The Art of Dancing, Rich was a fine dancer, noted for his elevation:

That Pindar Rich despises Vulgar Roads,

And soars an Eagle’s height among the Clouds,

Whilst humbler Dancers, fearful how they climb,

But buzz below amidst the flow’ry Thyme:

Now soft and slow he bends the circling Round,

Now rises high upon the spritely Bound,

Now springs aloft, too swift for Mortal sight,

Now falls unhurt from some stupendous Height;

Like Proteus, in a thousand Forms is seen,

Sometimes a God, sometimes an Harlequin.

After Rich's death, pantomime was criticised for losing the artistry he exhibited with his performances, relying instead more on spectacle and choral numbers. It wasn't until after his death, that many of his rivals, David Garrick included, would recognize his work. Garrick even said his pantomime performances were unmatched in his time.

Private life

John Rich married Henrietta Brerewood on 7 February 1717 at St Clement Danes; they had a son who died in infancy. Henrietta died in September 1725, and Rich then formed a relationship with one of the actresses in his company, Amy Smithies. Her name is quoted in the dispute over the delay in finalising probate on Rich's will in 1779. They had four daughters who survived into adulthood: Henrietta (1727), Charlotte (c.1727?), Mary (1730) and Sarah (1733). Rich considered them to be his legitimate children, although no marriage has yet been found. Amy died in November 1737, and was buried as 'Amie, wife of Mr J Rich' on 1st December in the family tomb in Hillingdon. During this period Rich also sired two children with another of his actresses, Ann Benson - Charles Rich was born in 1729, but nothing further is known about him; and he was followed by Catherine Benson c.1730. Rich acknowledged Catherine as his 'natural daughter' in his will, and left her a bequest. Finally, in 1744, Rich married Priscilla Wilford, who used the stage name, Mrs Stevens. She survived him, and Rich's estate was eventually distributed equally between her and the four daughters.

Rich's niece, by Priscilla Wilford, was Mary Bulkley, who trained and performed at Covent Garden Theatre during his lifetime.

title: John Rich (producer)


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Egyptian plover

The Egyptian plover (Pluvianus aegyptius), also known as the crocodile bird, is a wader, the only member of the genus Pluvianus. Formerly placed in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae, it is now regarded as the sole member of its own monotypic family Pluvianidae.

The species is one of several plovers doubtfully associated with the "trochilus" bird mentioned in a supposed cleaning symbiosis with the Nile crocodile.

Description
The Egyptian plover is a striking and unmistakable species. The 19–21 cm long adult has a black crown, back, eye-mask and breast band. The rest of the head is white. The remaining upperpart plumage is blue-grey, and the underparts are orange. The longish legs are blue-grey.

In flight, it is even more spectacular, with the black crown and back contrasting with the grey of the upperparts and wings. The flight feathers are brilliant white crossed by a black bar. From below, the flying bird is entirely white, apart from the orange belly and black wing bar. After landing, members of a pair greet each other by raising their wings in an elaborate ceremony that shows off the black and white markings. The sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller and the black marking are intermixed with brown.

Habitat and range
The Egyptian plover is a localised resident in tropical sub-Saharan Africa. It breeds on sandbars in very large rivers. Despite its vernacular and scientific names, it is not present in modern-day Egypt. However, when it was described in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus, the Egyptian state encompassed much of the territory that the bird is found in, including Sudan, Chad, and Ethiopia.

Behaviour
This usually very tame bird is found in pairs or small groups near water. It feeds by pecking for insects. The call is a high-pitched krrr-krrr-krrr. Due to how tame it is, people often get closer than is safe.

Breeding
Its two or three eggs are not incubated, but are buried in warm sand, temperature control being achieved by the adult sitting on the eggs with a water-soaked belly to cool them. If the adult leaves the nest, it smooths sand over the eggs, though if it is frightened the job may be hasty. The chicks are precocial, and can run as soon as they are hatched and feed themselves shortly afterwards. The adults cool the chicks in the same way as with the eggs. The chicks may drink water from the adult's belly feathers. The adults bury the chicks in the sand temporarily if danger threatens.

Supposed relationship with crocodiles
The bird is sometimes referred to as the crocodile bird for its symbiotic relationship with crocodiles. According to Herodotus, the crocodiles lie on the shore with their mouths open and a bird called "Trochilus" flies into the crocodiles' mouths so as to feed on decaying meat lodged between the crocodiles' teeth. The identification of the Trochilus with any particular plover is doubtful and the cleaning symbiosis itself has never been documented by video or photographic evidence.

General references

 * Hayman, Marchant and Prater, Shorebirds ISBN 0-7099-2034-2

title: Egyptian plover


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User:Tellumo

I'm interested in a little bit of everything.

English, alas, is the only language in which I am fluent, but I'm damn good at it although I say so myself. You'll probably only see me on en.

title: User:Tellumo


text: Category:Edgar Rice Burroughs

title: Category:Edgar Rice Burroughs


text:
2001 Einstein

2001 Einstein (prov. designation: ) is a bright Hungaria asteroid from the innermost region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, on 5 March 1973. The X-type asteroid (Xe) has a rotation period of 5.5 hours and measures approximately 5 km in diameter. It is named after physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955).

Orbit and classification
Einstein is a member of the Hungaria family, which form the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 8 months (982 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, the asteroid's observation arc begins with its discovery in 1973.

Naming
This minor planet was named in honour of the German-born, Swiss–American physicist and Nobelist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). It is considered suitable, that the body discovered at Bern is named after the 1921 Nobel prize for physics laureate, since it was the place where he had his golden years while working as a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. He is also honored by the lunar crater Einstein. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4237). Arthur C. Clarke joked in the postscript of his novel 3001: The Final Odyssey that he was hoping asteroid 2001 would be named after him, but it was named for Einstein first. Asteroid 3001 was named 3001 Michelangelo. Clarke was later honoured with asteroid 4923 Clarke, named together with 5020 Asimov.

Physical characteristics
The Tholen classification, Einstein is an X-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is an Xe-subtype which transitions from the X-type to the very bright E-type asteroid.

Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves for this asteroid were obtained from photometric observations. In December 2004, the first lightcurve by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (PDS) in Colorado, gave a rotation period of $3.975 km$ hours with a brightness variation of $5.485 h$ in magnitude (U=3). Between 2008 and 2012, three additional lightcurves at the PDS gave an almost identical period of 5.485 hours with an amplitude of 0.67, 0.74 and 1.02, respectively (U=3/3/3). Other lightcurves were obtained by Hanuš at the French CNES and other institutions, which gave a period of $5.485$ hours (U=n.a.), and by Italian astronomer Federico Manzini at SAS observatory in Novara, Jean Strajnic and Raoul Behrend from December 2012, which rendered a period of $5.485$ hours with an amplitude of 0.66 in magnitude (U=2+).

Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the asteroid measures 4.0 km in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.81, for which WISE assigns an E-type. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a lower, yet still high albedo of 0.40 and hence calculates a larger diameter of 5.7 kilometers, as the lower the albedo, the larger the body's diameter for a constant absolute magnitude.

title: 2001 Einstein


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Printed circuit board milling

Printed circuit board milling (also: isolation milling) is the milling process used for removing areas of copper from a sheet of printed circuit board (PCB) material to recreate the pads, signal traces and structures according to patterns from a digital circuit board plan known as a layout file. Similar to the more common and well known chemical PCB etch process, the PCB milling process is subtractive: material is removed to create the electrical isolation and ground planes required. However, unlike the chemical etch process, PCB milling is typically a non-chemical process and as such it can be completed in a typical office or lab environment without exposure to hazardous chemicals. High quality circuit boards can be produced using either process. In the case of PCB milling, the quality of a circuit board is chiefly determined by the system's true, or weighted, milling accuracy and control as well as the condition (sharpness, temper) of the milling bits and their respective feed/rotational speeds. By contrast, in the chemical etch process, the quality of a circuit board depends on the accuracy and/or quality of the mask used to protect the copper from the chemicals and the state of the etching chemicals.

Advantages
PCB milling has advantages for both prototyping and some special PCB designs. The biggest benefit is that one does not have to use chemicals to produce PCBs.

When creating a prototype, outsourcing a board takes time. An alternative is to make a PCB in-house. Using the wet process, in-house production presents problems with chemicals and disposing thereof. High-resolution boards using the wet process are hard to achieve and still, when done, one still has to drill and eventually cut out the PCB from the base material.

CNC machine prototyping can provide a fast-turnaround board production process without the need for wet processing. If a CNC machine is already used for drilling, this single machine could carry out both parts of the process, drilling and milling. A CNC machine is used to process drilling, milling and cutting.

Many boards that are simple for milling would be very difficult to process by wet etching and manual drilling afterward in a laboratory environment without using top-of-the-line systems that usually cost many times more than CNC milling machines.

In mass production, milling is unlikely to replace etching although the use of CNC is already standard practice for drilling the boards.

Hardware
A PCB milling system is a single machine that can perform all of the required actions to create a prototype board, with the exception of inserting vias and through hole plating. Most of these machines require only a standard AC mains outlet and a shop-type vacuum cleaner for operation.

Software
Software for milling PCBs is usually delivered by the CNC machine manufacturer. Most of the packages can be split in two main categories – raster and vector.

Software that produces tool paths using raster calculation method tends to have lower resolution of processing than the vector based software since it relies on the raster information it receives.

Mechanical system
The mechanics behind a PCB milling machine are fairly straightforward and have their roots in CNC milling technology. A PCB milling system is similar to a miniature and highly accurate NC milling table. For machine control, positioning information and machine control commands are sent from the controlling software via a serial port or parallel port connection to the milling machine's on-board controller. The controller is then responsible for driving and monitoring the various positioning components which move the milling head and gantry and control the spindle speed. Spindle speeds can range from 30,000 RPM to 100,000 RPM depending on the milling system, with higher spindle speeds equating to better accuracy, in a nutshell the smaller the tool diameter the higher RPM you need. Typically this drive system comprises non-monitored stepper motors for the X/Y axis, an on-off non-monitored solenoid, pneumatic piston or lead screw for the Z-axis, and a DC motor control circuit for spindle speed, none of which provide positional feedback. More advanced systems provide a monitored stepper motor Z-axis drive for greater control during milling and drilling as well as more advanced RF spindle motor control circuits that provide better control over a wider range of speeds.

X and Y-axis control
For the X and Y-axis drive systems most PCB milling machines use stepper motors that drive a precision lead screw. The lead screw is in turn linked to the gantry or milling head by a special precision machined connection assembly. To maintain correct alignment during milling, the gantry or milling head's direction of travel is guided along using linear or dovetailed bearing(s). Most X/Y drive systems provide user control, via software, of the milling speed, which determines how fast the stepper motors drive their respective axes.

Z-axis control
Z-axis drive and control are handled in several ways. The first and most common is a simple solenoid that pushes against a spring. When the solenoid is energized it pushes the milling head down against a spring stop that limits the downward travel. The rate of descent as well as the amount of force exerted on the spring stop must be manually set by mechanically adjusting the position of the solenoid's plunger.

The second type of Z-axis control is through the use of a pneumatic cylinder and a software-driven gate valve. Due to the small cylinder size and the amount of air pressure used to drive it there is little range of control between the up and down stops. Both the solenoid and pneumatic system cannot position the head anywhere other than the endpoints, and are therefore useful for only simple 'up/down' milling tasks. The final type of Z-axis control uses a stepper motor that allows the milling head to be moved in small accurate steps up or down. Further, the speed of these steps can be adjusted to allow tool bits to be eased into the board material rather than hammered into it. The depth (number of steps required) as well as the downward/upward speed is under user control via the controlling software.

One of the major challenges with milling PCBs is handling variations in flatness. Since conventional etching techniques rely on optical masks that sit right on the copper layer they can conform to any slight bends in the material so all features are replicated faithfully.

When milling PCBs however, any minute height variations encountered when milling will cause conical bits to either sink deeper (creating a wider cut) or rise off the surface, leaving an uncut section. Before cutting some systems perform height mapping probes across the board to measure height variations and adjust the Z values in the G-code beforehand.

Tooling
PCBs may be machined with conventional endmills, conical d-bit cutters, and spade mills. D-bits and spade mills are cheap and as they have a small point allow the traces to be close together. Taylor's equation, Vc Tn = C, can predict tool life for a given surface speed.

Alternatives
A method with similar advantages to mechanical milling is laser etching and laser drilling. Etching PCBs with lasers offers the same advantages as mechanical milling in regards to quick turnaround times, but the nature of the laser etching process is preferable to both milling and chemical etching when it comes to physical variations exerted on the object. Whereas mechanical milling and chemical etching exact physical stress on the board, laser etching offers non-contact surface removal, making it a superior option for PCBs where precision and geometric accuracy are at a premium, such as RF and microwave designs. Laser drilling is more precise, has extremely low power consumption compared with other techniques, requires less maintenance, does not use lubricants or drill bits, low rates of wear, does not use abrasive materials, does not ruin the boards, is more eco friendly, and in the most high-powered machines, the drilling is instant, but is expensive. An additional emerging alternative to milling and laser etching is an additive approach based upon printing the conductive trace. Such PCB printers come at a range of price points and with differing features but also offer rapid in-house circuit manufacture, with very little to no waste. An example of such a technology that produces simpler, low layer count PCBs is Voltera. A system at the higher layer-count end of the additive manufacturing approach is Nano Dimension's DragonFly technology which prints complex high layer count circuits as well as electro-mechanical parts.

title: Printed circuit board milling


text:
Talk:Bruin

No Boston Bruins?
This disambiguation page is missing a link to the Boston Bruins hockey team. Should that be here? Lukejodonnell (talk) 23:21, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oops, I was wrong, never mindLukejodonnell (talk) 23:23, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Untitled
This page previously redirected to bear but as it is not everyday usage in any dialect of English I know, I thought an explanatory page was in order. Choster 17:39, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Is basic definition factually correct?
I have never heard an accurate definition of Bruin that says that it's a baby bear. (I went to UCLA, and this is one of those questions that is always discussed with incoming freshmen...) Anyway, I believe that the definition is simply a brown bear.

Encarta's definition is: bear: used as a name for a bear in folklore, fables, and children's stories

Several other web dictionaries list: large ferocious bear of Eurasia.--Krimsley 03:53, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Maybe this clears things up: "Bruin" just means the colour "Brown" in Dutch. In some children's stories (fables), Bruin is also the name of the charachter of a Bear. Maybe that explains the link. - 3 Sep 07, Frank (NL) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.29.110.151 (talk) 13:34, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

"Bruin is the pregnant bear, named for his color." Pregnant? His? JimInRoses (talk) 21:27, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

High school sports
Are high school sports teams really notable? In my opinion, the list here is just taking up space. -M.Nelson (talk) 23:53, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bruin


text: User talk:166.109.0.185

title: User talk:166.109.0.185


text:
Tunisia national football team

The Tunisia national football team (منتخب تونس لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم; Équipe de Tunisie de football) represents Tunisia in men's international association football. The team is a member of both FIFA and CAF, the Confederation of African Football. It is governed by the Tunisian Football Federation, founded in 1957. Colloquially known as the Eagles of Carthage, the team's colours are red and white, and the bald eagle is its symbol. Most of Tunisia's home matches are played at the Hammadi Agrebi Stadium in Radès since 2001.

Tunisia is one of the most competitive African national teams in international football, having won one African Cup of Nations as hosts in 2004. They have made six FIFA World Cups and 21 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and participated in four editions of the Olympic football tournaments.

1928–1956: Early years
An unofficial Tunisian team was formed in 1928, comprising the best Tunisian players from the Tunisian league. The team's first match was on 11 March 1928, against the French B team; Tunisia lost 8–2. Their next friendlies, against the same team on 23 March 1930 and 26 March 1933, also resulted in heavy defeats, 5–0 and 6–1 respectively. Tunisia had to wait until 1932 for their first match win, a 1–0 victory over French Algeria.

Most of the matches that Tunisia played in the 1930s and '40s were against French teams, whether it was French Algeria, the French military team or the France B team, at the Stade Vélodrome in Tunis.

1956–1978: Post-independence

Tunisia gained independence from France on 20 March 1956. The Tunisian Football Federation was founded on 29 March 1957 and the Tunisian team played a match with Austrian club FC Admira Wacker Mödling on 30 December of the same year and managed to win 4–1. Tunisia became affiliated with FIFA and the Confederation of African Football in 1960. The independent Tunisia played their first match against Algeria on 1 June 1957, in the midst of the Algerian War; Tunisia lost 2–1. They played their first official match at the 1957 Arab Games where they won against Libya 4–3 after scoring the first Tunisian goal in an official competition by Farzit. They also managed to get through Iraq and Lebanon before losing in the final against Syria 3–1.

In 1960, Yugoslavian Milan Kristić became the first foreign manager; the national team qualified for the 1960 Summer Olympics, their first international event after beating Malta, Morocco and Sudan; on 24 July 1960, the team experienced its biggest-ever defeat, losing 10–1 against Hungary. However, less than a month later, on 18 August, Tunisia recorded their biggest-ever win: an 8–1 thumping of Taiwan. In the Olympic Games, the team suffered three defeats: against Poland 6–1, Argentina 2–1 and Denmark 3–1.

Frane Matošić was appointed as the second Yugoslav coach of Tunisia after Kristić led Tunisia to qualify for the Olympics. In 1962, Tunisia entered the African Cup of Nations qualifiers for the first time: the team qualified for the tournament after overcoming Morocco and Nigeria and went on to finish third after beating Uganda in the third-place match. The team won the 1963 Arab Cup, after winning against Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Kuwait.

Tunisia also qualified for the 1963 Africa Cup of Nations, and CAF decided that Tunisia would host the 1965 AFCON, making the final after beating Ethiopia 4–0 in the opening match in Stade Chedly Zouiten, losing 3–2 to Ghana in extra-time of the final. Despite this early success, Tunisia did not enter the Cup of Nations again until 1976, and qualify until 1978. In 1973, the team entered the Palestine Cup of Nations and won in dominant fashion, winning all six of their matches overcoming Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Yemen and Iraq, scoring 19 goals, and conceding only three.

In February 1975, after a short stint with Hungarian manager André Nagy, Abdelmajid Chetali was hired. Tunisia qualified for their FIFA World Cup debut in 1978 after a remarkable performance in the qualifiers led by a distinguished generation with Mokhtar Dhouib, Néjib Ghommidh, Raouf Ben Aziza and Tarak Dhiab. Tunisia defeated Mexico 3–1, but were defeated by Poland 1–0, and drew scoreless against defending champion West Germany.

1978–1994: Decline

Following their first World Cup, Tunisia experienced a decline; between 1980 and 1992, the team managed to qualify for only two tournaments – the 1982 African Cup of Nations and the 1988 Summer Olympics – in both, they were knocked out in the first round. They, however, reached the last round of the 1986 World Cup qualifiers by beating Nigeria before being defeated by Algeria. Former Cameroon manager Jean Vincent was hired but failed to qualify for the 1988 African Cup in Morocco after a defeat against Algeria. He also achieved catastrophic results in the African Games with defeats against Cameroon, Madagascar and Kenya, and was immediately sacked.

Taoufik Ben Othman, assistant manager in 1978, improved Tunisia's results relatively as they qualified for the Olympic Games after surpassing Morocco and Egypt in the qualifiers. However, he was sacked days before the start of the competition after poor results in the 1988 Arab Cup and failure to win in their matches against Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq, as well as friendlies against Malta, Finland and East Germany.

Polish manager Antoni Piechniczek was temporarily appointed and supervised the team in the first round of 1990 World Cup qualifiers and also in the finals of the Olympic Games; in the latter, Tunisia tied China 0–0 and Sweden 2–2 and suffered a defeat from West Germany 4–1. Mokhtar Tlili was appointed manager, however, he still missed the African Cup in 1990 after a defeat to Senegal. Piechniczek returned but still failed to qualify for the 1990 World Cup. Despite missing the 1992 African Cup, the federation renewed confidence in him because of the respectable performance he had given in the qualifiers; an early exit from the World Cup qualifiers for 1994 contributed to his dismissal after a draw with Morocco. Youssef Zouaoui replaced him; Tunisia hosted the 1994 African Cup of Nations replacing original hosts Zaire, but finished at the bottom of the group, after a 2–0 loss to Mali and a draw with Zaire.

1994–2002: Resurgence
Henryk Kasperczak became the new manager after Tunisia hosted the 1994 African Cup of Nations. Tunisia qualified for the 1996 AFCON and finished second in their group, putting them through to the quarter-finals. Tunisia went on to beat Gabon in the quarter-finals and Zambia in the semi-finals, to reach their first major final in 31 years, but lost to host country South Africa 2–0.

Tunisia reached the quarter-finals of the 1998 African Cup of Nations in the lead of the group with a win over DR Congo, Togo and a defeat from Ghana, where they were eliminated in a penalty shootout by host country Burkina Faso. The team also qualified for that year's World Cup after a 20-year absence: they again failed to advance from the group stages, losing 2–0 to England and 1–0 to Colombia, and drawing 1–1 with Romania. Kasperczak was sacked and replaced with Francesco Scoglio, who guided the team to the 2000 African Cup of Nations, where they finished in fourth place after losing to Cameroon in the semi-finals.

The following year, Scoglio departed to rejoin Genoa CFC, sparking a period of severe instability. Eckhard Krautzun initially took over and guided the team to a second World Cup appearance, but then resigned, citing interference from the Tunisian FA with his coaching. Henri Michel replaced him, but was sacked when Tunisia crashed out of the 2002 African Cup of Nations without scoring a single goal after scoreless draws with Senegal and Zambia and a defeat from Egypt. Finally, Ammar Souayah took over in time for the 2002 World Cup; the team drew in friendlies with Norway and South Korea and were defeated by Denmark and Slovenia. In the finals, Tunisia exited the tournament in the group stage, drawing 1–1 with Belgium, losing 2–0 to Russia and co-hosts Japan,  prompting a search for a new manager.

2002–2008: Roger Lemerre era, African domination

In September 2002, the Tunisian Football Federation announced that it was finalizing a contract with former France manager Roger Lemerre. Tunisia hosted the 2004 African Cup of Nations, winning the group. They defeated Senegal in the quarter-finals, and Nigeria in the semi-finals. Tunisia built a 1–0 lead after four minutes with Mehdi Nafti's concentration pushed by Francileudo Santos, before Morocco levelled. Tunisia restored their lead, giving them their first African Cup of Nations title. They also won the CAF's African National Team of the Year award. Lemerre became the first manager to win two different continental tournaments, having previously won Euro 2000 with France.

As a result, Tunisia qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany, playing the hosts, Argentina and Australia. The only points they would win was a victory over Australia. Before their 2006 World Cup appearance, Lemerre took the Tunisians to a training camp in Switzerland, where they played international friendlies against Swiss clubs. Tunisia would only record one draw in Germany, against Saudi Arabia, losing against Spain and Ukraine.

Hatem Trabelsi announced his retirement from international football after eight years, and Lemerre led Tunisia to the 2008 African Cup of Nations. Tunisia won their 2008 AFCON group after a draw in the opening match against Senegal 2–2, a 3–1 victory over South Africa, and a goalless draw against Angola. They then lost against Cameroon 3–2 in extra time.

2008–2014: Disappointment

Portuguese Humberto Coelho was appointed as the new manager on 3 June 2008. Coelho would fail to qualify for the 2010 World Cup. Faouzi Benzarti was appointed as the new manager, and was also sacked after Tunisia were eliminated from the group stage in the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. In June 2010, Bertrand Marchand was appointed manager for a two-year contract. After a series of horrendous results, Tunisia fell to 65th in the FIFA World Rankings, the worst in its history. Sami Trabelsi was appointed, and the team qualified for the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations, where they were eliminated in the quarter-finals after a defeat by Ghana.

In the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Tunisia snatched a late winner against Algeria, before a defeat by Ivory Coast, 3–0. The last match ended with a 1–1 draw against Togo. In February 2013, Nabil Maâloul replaced Sami Trabelsi; in their first two 2014 World Cup qualification matches, Tunisia beat Sierra Leone 2–1 and clinched a 2–2 draw in Freetown.

On 16 June, during the fifth round of the group stage, Tunisia tied 1–1 against Equatorial Guinea. A 2–0 loss to Cape Verde on 7 September all but eliminated Tunisia; however, Tunisia advanced after FIFA disqualified Cape Verde for cheating. They would then be knocked out by Cameroon.

2014–present
Belgian manager Georges Leekens was appointed in early 2014; early results included a 1–1 draw against Colombia and a 1–0 win over South Korea, both in friendly matches. Under Leekens, the team climbed from 49th to 22nd in the FIFA rankings. Tunisia qualified for the 2015 African Cup of Nations, and topped their group for the first time since 2008, winning against Zambia and drawing with Cape Verde and DR Congo. They were eliminated in the quarter-finals after a defeat to host Equatorial Guinea. In July 2015, Henryk Kasperczak returned as manager after 17 years. He managed to qualify the team for the 2017 African Cup, and reached the quarter-finals of the competition after beating Algeria and Zimbabwe, before losing again in this round, this time against Burkina Faso. On 27 April 2017, Nabil Maâloul returned as manager despite the disapproval of the Tunisian supporters following the failure at the 2014 World Cup qualifiers, but this time he qualified Tunisia for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Tunisia's qualification for the World Cup and its results in friendlies against Iran and Costa Rica, led to its rise to 14th place in the FIFA World Rankings, their best ever. Before the World Cup, Tunisia drew with Turkey and Portugal, in addition to a narrow defeat against Spain 1–0. Despite this, in the World Cup, Tunisia were once again eliminated from the group stage. In the first match, England won 2–1. Belgium defeated the North Africans 5–2, and in Tunisia's last game against Panama, the Arab nation won 2–1. Tunisia qualified for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations with new manager Alain Giresse; the new manager would only record three ties, against Angola, Mali, and Mauritania to qualify for the round 16. They eventually would win against Ghana, and Madagascar 3–0 in the quarter-finals, to qualify for the semi-finals for the first time in 15 years, losing to Senegal 1–0 in extra time. In September 2021, the national team began its 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign with three consecutive victories against Equatorial Guinea, Zambia, and Mauritania; they would then draw Mauritania 0–0 and lose against Equatorial Guinea 1–0, to advance for the third round on the top of the group.

Qatar hosted the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup; Tunisia started with a 5–1 win against Mauritania. They then suffered an unexpected defeat to Syria, before winning against the United Arab Emirates. In the quarter-finals Tunisia won against Oman 2–1, and scored a 95th minute winner against Egypt in the semi-finals. Tunisia faced Algeria in the final, losing 2–0. The 2021 Africa Cup of Nations was postponed to early 2022; in the group stage, Tunisia began with a 1–0 defeat against Mali, with Zambian referee Janny Sikazwe ending the match in the 85th minute. In the second match, the team achieved a 4–0 victory over Mauritania, and lost against Gambia in the last group match. Tunisia defeated Nigeria in the round of 16, and were eliminated by Burkina Faso.

In March, Tunisia qualified for their sixth World Cup, the 2022 tournament in Qatar, the first hosted by an Arab nation, after beating Mali 1–0 on aggregate, taking revenge for the earlier loss in the AFCON. They then defeated Chile and Japan to win the 2022 Kirin Cup Soccer title for the first time, and Ferjani Sassi was named the best player of the tournament while his compatriot Issam Jebali finished as the top scorer with two goals. Tunisia played two pre-World Cup friendlies in France in September 2022, defeating Comoros 1−0 in Croissy-sur-Seine and losing 5−1 to Brazil at the Parc des Princes in Paris. With the exception of Brazil, Tunisia's relatively good forms increased confidence on the side to break the knockout stage taboo as Tunisia found themselves grouped with world champions France, European dark horse Denmark and Asian minnows Australia.

In Group D, Tunisia drew Euro 2020 semi-finalists Denmark 0−0 in a rather decent display by the African side. But a 0−1 loss against Australia followed, severely hampering Tunisia's odds to progress. A 1−0 victory over France courtesy of a goal from Wahbi Khazri was not enough to seal Tunisia's place in the last 16 as Australia's Mathew Leckie goal against Denmark meant the Asian representative placed second.

Home stadium
From 1956 to 2001, the national stadium was Chedly Zouiten Stadium, with a capacity of 18,000. It hosted also the 1965 and 1994 African Cup of Nations and the 1977 FIFA U-20 World Cup before it was replaced after the construction of El Menzah Stadium (45,000) in 1967 for the 1967 Mediterranean Games. Tunisia's first match at the stadium was played on 8 September 1967 against Libya. It hosted the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship and was completely renovated for the 1994 African Cup of Nations. It also hosted the 2004 AFCON.

In 2001, Stade 7 November was inaugurated as Tunisia's national stadium ahead of the 2001 Mediterranean Games. Located in Radès, the stadium has an all-seater capacity of 60,000. The first match at the stadium was played on 7 July 2001 against between Étoile du Sahel and CS Hammam-Lif for the Tunisian Cup final. Tunisia have used the stadium for almost every major home game, including the 2004 African Cup of Nations Final. The Tunisians often host their matches at the Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet in Monastir which has a capacity of 20,000.

In addition, there are many other venues that host games, such as the Olympic Stadium of Sousse, which hosted a friendly match between Tunisia and Switzerland in November 2012 and also hosted a match in the 2012 AFCON qualification.

Rivalries
Tunisia's main football rivals are its neighbours Algeria, Morocco, and Egypt, with which it shares close cultural and political relations.

Algeria
Tunisia have played 45 games against Algeria. After the independence of Algeria, a friendly match took place at the Stade Chedly Zouiten. The teams also met three times in the qualifying phase of the World Cup in 1970, 1978 and 1986. The overall record slightly favours the Algerians with 16 wins, 14 draws and 14 losses. Algeria and Tunisia played three times in official competitions: twice in the Africa Cup of Nations, in 2013 and 2017, which Tunisia won both times, and once in the FIFA Arab Cup in 2021, which Algeria won.

Egypt
The two teams have met 39 times in both official and friendly matches. Tunisia have won 16 matches against Egypt's 12. 11 matches have ended in a draw.

Morocco
Tunisia and Morocco have played 50 games since their independence from France in 1956. Their first match was in 1962 World Cup qualification, which took place on 30 October 1960 in Casablanca. Many matches were played in World Cup qualification as they met in 1962, 1970, 1978, 1990, 1994 and 2006 qualifying. They also met four times in the African Cup of Nations. Two of them ended in a draw in 1978 and 2000 and the other two matches ended up as a Tunisian win in the 2004 and 2012 AFCONs.

Supporters
Fans of the Tunisian national team display the country's national flag, usually with an emphasis on the red element.

Kits and crest
Six companies have supplied sports uniforms to the Tunisian national team, starting in 1970, when Adidas began to adopt the Tunisian national team's uniforms for 24 years. Italy's Lotto provided Tunisia's until 1998, and Uhlsport has supplied the Tunisian team as well. From 2002 to 2011, Puma provided the Tunisian national football team kits. In 2019, the Italian company Kappa began making them.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification fixtures against Equatorial Guinea and Namibia 5 and 9 June 2024, respectively.

Information correct as of 9 June 2024, after the match against Namibia.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up within the last twelve months.

 * Notes
 * INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.
 * PRE Preliminary squad.
 * RET Player has retired from international football.
 * SUS Player is serving a suspension.
 * WD Player withdrew for personal reasons.

FIFA World Cup
Tunisia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on six occasions, the first in 1978 where they finished ninth of 16. Between 1998 and 2006 they qualified for three straight World Cups, but wouldn't qualify again until 2018. However, Tunisia have never advanced from the group stage.

Africa Cup of Nations
Tunisia have participated in the African Cup of Nations 21 times and holds the record for the number of consecutive appearances with 16 between 1994 and 2023. In 1965, Tunisia hosted the competition, as they reached the final and lost the title to Ghana 2–3 after extra time. In 1996, the team reached the final for the second time, but was defeated by hosts South Africa 0–2. They didn't win it all until 2004.

FIFA Confederations Cup
Tunisia qualified for the FIFA Confederations Cup on one occasion, a sole appearance in 2005, after winning the 2004 AFCON. They only managed to win against Australia 2–0.

African Nations Championship
Tunisia have participated in two editions of the African Nations Championship, winning it in 2011 and reaching the quarter-finals in 2016.

FIFA Arab Cup
In 1963 Tunisia won the first edition of the Arab Nations Cup, played only in a group stage. Tunisia won all four matches and finished at the top. They exited in the group stage in 1988. The 2021 FIFA Arab Cup was the first version of the tournament under FIFA, with Tunisia reaching the final finishing behind Algeria.

Mediterranean Games
Tunisia participated in the football tournament in the Mediterranean Games 12 times, with their first in 1963 in Naples, Italy. Tunisia reached the final twice, in the 1971 edition in Izmir, Turkey and in 2001 in Tunis.

Honours
Throughout its history, the Tunisian national team has won four official titles, most notably the 2004 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2011 African Nations Championship. It also won the gold medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games and 1963 Arab Cup. The team has also won ten friendly titles, including international friendly tournaments listed below.

Official competitions
Africa Cup of Nations
 * Gold medal africa.svg Champions: 2004
 * Silver medal africa.svg Runner-up: 1965, 1996
 * Bronze medal africa.svg Third-place: 1962

African Nations Championship
 * Gold medal africa.svg Champions: 2011

FIFA Arab Cup
 * Champions: 1963
 * Runner-up: 2021

Mediterranean Games
 * Gold MedGames.svg Gold medal: 2001
 * Silver MedGames.svg Silver medal: 1971
 * Bronze MedGames.svg Bronze medal: 1975, 2013

African Games
 * Silver medal africa.svg Silver medal: 1991
 * Bronze medal africa.svg Bronze medal: 2007

Arab Games
 * Silver Medal: 1957

Minor competitions
7th November Cup
 * Champions: 1991, 1993, 1995

Catalonia International Trophy LG Cup Tripoli Fair Tournament
 * Champions: 2011, 2016
 * Champions: 1997
 * Runner-up: 2006

 * Champions: 1965
 * Third-place: 1962

Kirin Cup Soccer
 * Champions: 2022

Palestine Cup of Nations Tunis Four Nations Tournament
 * Champions: 1973

 * Champions: 2003

Friendship Games

 * Runner-up: 1963
 * Third-place: 1984–85

Kirin Challenge Cup Malta International Tournament
 * Runner-up: 2015

 * Third-place: 1994

Kuneitra Cup
 * Third-place: 1974

FIFA Series
 * Third-place: 2024

Awards
African National Team of the Year

 * First place: 1995, 1999, 2004, 2005
 * Second place: 1996, 1997

authors: محمد أمين الطرابلسي

title: Tunisia national football team


text:
Talk:Johnny Depp

Hairstyles
Johnny has changed his hairstyle many times over years China111blue3 (talk) 03:35, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

@johnny Christopher depp this is your soulmate trying to get get in touch with you @Subscript 2603:6080:9D05:A576:EC9D:1028:49D6:BA79 (talk) 08:38, 4 June 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 June 2024
Add to Career

In 2024 Terry Gilliam had announced he had cast Depp in his upcoming film The Carnival at the end of days. Depp is set to play Satan opposite Jeff Bridges playing God. The film will also star Jason Mamoa and Adam Driver. Filming is scheduled to begin in January 2025. https://www.premiere.fr/Cinema/News-Cinema/Exclu-Jeff-Bridges-jouera-Dieu-face-a-Johnny-Depp-en-Satan-dans-le-prochain-Terry-Gilliam

https://amp.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jun/05/johnny-depp-play-satan-jeff-bridges-god-terry-gilliam-he-carnival-at-the-end-of-days Riverrogers (talk) 13:22, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅ Jabster28 (talk) 15:13, 29 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Did Jonny Depp not die of a drug overdose as a teenager ? 81.147.111.148 (talk) 14:15, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Johnny Depp


text:
Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford

Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (1276 – 12 March 1322) was a member of a powerful Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II's excesses.

Family background
Humphrey de Bohun's birth year is uncertain although several contemporary sources indicate that it was 1276. His father was Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and his mother was Maud de Fiennes, daughter of Enguerrand II de Fiennes, chevalier, seigneur of Fiennes. He was born at Pleshey Castle, Essex.

Humphrey (VII) de Bohun succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Hereford and Earl of Essex, and Constable of England (later called Lord High Constable). Humphrey held the title of Bearer of the Swan Badge, a heraldic device passed down in the Bohun family. This device did not appear on their coat of arms, (az, a bend ar cotised or, between 6 lioncels or) nor their crest (gu, doubled erm, a lion gardant crowned), but it does appear on Humphrey's personal seal (illustration).

Scotland
Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under Edward I who laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop.

In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed for England to take part in a tournament along with Piers Gaveston and other young barons and knights. On return, all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that Gaveston's friend, the future Edward II, had given them permission to depart. Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents.

He would also have been associating with young Robert Bruce during the early campaigns in Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, he eventually submitted to English allegiance. Robert Bruce is closely connected to the Bohuns. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce stayed for the most part in Annandale, rebuilding his castle of Lochmaben in stone, making use of its natural moat.

Rebelling and taking the crown of Scotland in February 1306, Bruce was fighting a war against England which went poorly for him at first, and he was forced into hiding. By 1307, the war had begun to turn in his favour. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated and three of his brothers were executed.

Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's defeats, Humphrey took Lochmaben, and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle.

Lochmaben was retaken by the Scots in 1312 and remained in Scottish hands until 1333 when it was once more seized by the English. It remained in the hands of Humphrey's son William, Earl of Northampton, who held and defended it until his death in 1360.

The Scots retook Lochmaben again in 1385. Some Bohuns remained in Scotland, where they became known as the Bounds.

Battle of Bannockburn
At the Battle of Bannockburn (23–24 June 1314), Humphrey de Bohun should have been given command of the army because that was his responsibility as Constable of England. However, since the execution of Piers Gaveston in 1312, Humphrey had been out of favour with Edward II, who gave the Constableship for the 1314 campaign to the youthful and inexperienced Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare.

Nevertheless, on the first day, Bohun insisted on being one of the first to lead the cavalry charge. In the melee and cavalry rout between the Bannock Burn and the Scots' camp, he was not injured although his rash young cousin Henry de Bohun, who could have been no older than about 22, charged alone at Robert Bruce and was killed by Bruce's axe.

On the second day, Gloucester was killed at the start of the battle. Hereford fought throughout the day, leading a large company of Welsh and English knights and archers. The archers who might have had success at breaking up the Scots schiltrons were attacked and overrun by the Scots cavalry.

When the battle was lost, Bohun retreated with the Earl of Angus and several other barons, knights and men to Bothwell Castle, seeking a safe haven. However, all the refugees who entered the castle were taken prisoner by its formerly pro-English governor, Walter fitz Gilbert, who, like many Lowland knights, declared for Bruce as soon as word came of the Scottish King's victory.

Humphrey de Bohun was ransomed by Edward II, his brother-in-law, on the pleading of Edward's wife Isabella. This was one of the most interesting ransoms in English history. The Earl was traded for Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh and daughter, Marjorie Bruce, two bishops among other important Scots captives in England. Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Robert Bruce in 1306 and for years had been locked in a cage outside Berwick, was not included; presumably, she had died in captivity.

Ordainer
Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey Magna Carta and other baronially established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the Ordinances of 1311 and fought to insure their execution.

The subsequent revival of royal authority and the growing ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the elder and younger) led Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. Bohun had a special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity and he felt they had besmirched his honour. In 1316 Bohun had been ordered to lead the suppression of the revolt of Llywelyn Bren in Glamorgan which he did successfully. When Llewelyn surrendered to him the Earl promised to intercede for him and fought to have him pardoned. Instead Hugh the younger Despenser had Llewelyn executed without a proper trial. Hereford and the other marcher lords used Llywelyn Bren's death as a symbol of Despenser tyranny.

Death at Boroughbridge
The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, where Humphrey de Bohun, leading an attempt to storm the bridge, met his death on 12 March 1322.

Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted by Ian Mortimer:
 * ''"[The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."'

Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from clinical depression.

Marriage and children
His marriage to Elizabeth of Rhuddlan daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile, on 14 November 1302, at Westminster gained him the lands of Berkshire.

Elizabeth had an unknown number of children, probably eleven, by Humphrey de Bohun. Until the earl's death the boys of the family, and possibly the girls, were given a classical education under the tutelage of a Sicilian Greek, Master "Digines" (Diogenes), who may have been Humphrey de Bohun's boyhood tutor. He was evidently well educated, a book collector and scholar, interests his son Humphrey and daughter Margaret (Courtenay) inherited.

 * 1) Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 – died 7 Feb. 1304).
 * 2) Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 – died c. Oct. 1304).
 * 3) Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363), married, firstly, James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde, and, secondly, Thomas Dagworth, 1st Baron Dagworth.
 * 4) John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (About 1307 – 1336)
 * 5) Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (About 1309 to 1311 – 1361).
 * 6) Margaret de Bohun (3 April 1311 – 16 December 1391), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon. Gave birth to about 16 to 18 children (including an archbishop, a sea commander and pirate, and more than one Knight of the Garter) and died at the age of eighty.
 * 7) William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (About 1310–1312 –1360). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere, daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare, by whom he had issue.
 * 8) Edward de Bohun (About 1310–1312 –1334). Twin of William. Married Margaret, daughter of William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, but they had no children. He served in his ailing elder brother's stead as Constable of England. He was a close friend of young Edward III, and died a heroic death attempting to rescue a drowning man-at-arms from a Scottish river while on campaign.
 * 9) Agnes, (About 1313), married Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Chartley, son of John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley.
 * 10) Eneas de Bohun, (Birth date unknown, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will). Some sources have him dying in 1331.
 * 11) Isabel de Bohun (b. ? May 1316). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died on that day or very soon after. Buried with her mother in Waltham Abbey, Essex.

title: Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford


text:
Elliott Highway

The Elliott Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska that extends 152 miles (245 km) from Fox, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Fairbanks, to Manley Hot Springs. It was completed in 1959 and is part of Alaska Route 2.

Route description
The highway is paved and in generally good condition year-round between Fairbanks and the junction with the Dalton Highway, but reverts to an unpaved road for the final 80 mi to Manley Hot Springs. This portion of the road, particularly in winter, can be very challenging to navigate due to overflow of ice and water on the road, high-wind areas, and drifting snow. There is no cellular telephone service available on the Elliott Highway north of Wickersham Dome, though there is fuel available in Minto, and traffic, particularly past the Dalton Highway cutoff, can be extremely sparse. Travelers are advised to check road conditions before traveling this road through the state transportation hotline at. Travelers should always carry emergency supplies and fuel enough for 400 mi when driving this highway.

Near Manley Hot Springs there is a 50-mile side road to Tanana over Tofty. This road was built 2014-2016 for a cost of $13 million. The road ends on the south side of the Yukon River, so a boat trip or an ice road is also needed to reach Tanana.

Minto is also served by a side road off the main highway called the Minto Road. The Dalton Highway begins 73 miles (118 km) north of Fox at its junction with the Elliott Highway.

Future
A 500 mi road project (Manley Hot Springs–Nome) is being discussed in Alaska. It has been estimated (in 2010) to cost $2.3–2.7 billion, or approximately $5 million per mile.

The road to Nome has received hesitation because of the cost. Former governor Sean Parnell wanted, as a beginning, to build a road from Manley Hot Springs to Tanana, around 35 miles length, and the road to Tanana was opened in 2016, ending at the Yukon River. The last 12 miles is private property, and belongs to the village corporation Tozitna Limited. The parking lot by the river is for residents, shareholders and tribal members only. During winters an ice road is made on the river ice, enabling road access for a few months; weather depending. Any continuation would require a fairly expensive bridge to be built. A ferry is an option also, but then the river would be impassable when the ice is too weak for driving but too thick for a ferry.

Junction list
''See the article on Alaska Route 2 for an updated major intersections list.

title: Elliott Highway


text:
User talk:66.80.212.66

Gravity Suit listed at Redirects for discussion
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Raccoon Forest listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:66.80.212.66


text:
Thundering herd problem

In computer science, the thundering herd problem occurs when a large number of processes or threads waiting for an event are awoken when that event occurs, but only one process is able to handle the event. When the processes wake up, they will each try to handle the event, but only one will win. All processes will compete for resources, possibly freezing the computer, until the herd is calmed down again.

Mitigation
The Linux kernel serializes responses for requests to a single file descriptor, so only one thread or process is woken up. For epoll in version 4.5 of the Linux kernel, the EPOLLEXCLUSIVE flag was added. Thus several epoll sets (different threads or different processes) may wait on the same resource and only one set will be woken up. For certain workloads this flag can give significant processing time reduction.

Similarly in Microsoft Windows, I/O completion ports can mitigate the thundering herd problem, as they can be configured such that only one of the threads waiting on the completion port is woken up when an event occurs.

In systems that rely on a backoff mechanism (e.g. exponential backoff), the clients will retry failed calls by waiting a specific amount of time between consecutive retries. In order to avoid the thundering herd problem, jitter can be purposefully introduced in order to break the synchronization across the clients, thereby avoiding collisions. In this approach, randomness is added to the wait intervals between retries, so that clients are no longer synchronized.

title: Thundering herd problem


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Telliscreen

Telliscreen
Seems to be a nonnotable product or projected product, based on http://corporate.telli.com/faq10.htm (one of a handful of Google hits). JamesMLane 17:52, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: Reads like an ad, and it seems to be non-notable. Only 8 google hits for "Telliscreen" is pretty much non-existent for a commercial product. -- Chris 73 Talk 00:43, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It doesn't seem to actually exist as a product. Dsmdgold 03:54, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Probably delete. Good satire, though. (From 1984's "telescreens")
 * Whatever. Delete. Denni ☯ 18:04, 2004 Oct 3 (UTC)


text:
The Examiner (1808–1886)

The Examiner was a weekly paper founded by Leigh and John Hunt in 1808. For the first fifty years it was a leading intellectual journal expounding radical principles, but from 1865 it repeatedly changed hands and political allegiance, resulting in a rapid decline in readership and loss of purpose.

Early history
While The Examiner was in the hands of John and Leigh Hunt, the sub-title was "A Sunday paper, on politics, domestic economy, and theatricals", and the newspaper devoted itself to providing independent reports on each of these areas. It consistently published leading writers of the day, including Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats and William Hazlitt. The Hunt brothers failed in their initial aspiration to refuse advertisements in an effort to increase impartiality. In the first edition, the editor claimed The Examiner would pursue "truth for its sole object"; the paper's radical reformist principles resulted in a series of high-profile prosecutions of the editors. A tradition of publishing accurate news and witty criticisms of domestic and foreign politics was continued by Albany Fonblanque, who took over the paper in 1828.

Until Fonblanque sold The Examiner in the mid-1860s, the newspaper took the form of a sixteen-page journal priced at 6d, designed to be kept and repeatedly referred to.

Later times
Albany Fonblanque, the journal's political commentator since 1826, took over The Examiner in 1830, serving as editor until 1847. He brought in such contributors as John Stuart Mill, John Forster, William Makepeace Thackeray, and most notably Charles Dickens. Fonblanque also wrote the first notice of Sketches by Boz (28 February 1836) and of The Pickwick Papers (4 September 1836). Forster became the magazine's literary editor in 1835, and succeeded Fonblanque as editor from 1847 to 1855. Forster himself was succeeded by Marmion Savage.

The Examiner's reputation was undermined when the new owner, William McCullagh Torrens, halved the price of the publication in 1867. Although its tradition of radical intellectual commentaries was revived in the 1870s under the editorship of William Minto, The Examiner was repeatedly sold until the final edition appeared in February 1881.

The magazine ceased publication in 1886.

title: The Examiner (1808–1886)


text:
Hypernucleus

A hypernucleus is similar to a conventional atomic nucleus, but contains at least one hyperon in addition to the normal protons and neutrons. Hyperons are a category of baryon particles that carry non-zero strangeness quantum number, which is conserved by the strong and electromagnetic interactions.

A variety of reactions give access to depositing one or more units of strangeness in a nucleus. Hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the lambda (Λ), tend to be more tightly bound than normal nuclei, though they can decay via the weak force with a mean lifetime of around $200 ps$. Sigma (Σ) hypernuclei have been sought, as have doubly-strange nuclei containing xi baryons (Ξ) or two Λ's.

Nomenclature
Hypernuclei are named in terms of their atomic number and baryon number, as in normal nuclei, plus the hyperon(s) which are listed in a left subscript of the symbol, with the caveat that atomic number is interpreted as the total charge of the hypernucleus, including charged hyperons such as the xi minus (Ξ−) as well as protons. For example, the hypernucleus contains 8 protons, 7 neutrons, and one Λ (which carries no charge).

History
The first was discovered by Marian Danysz and Jerzy Pniewski in 1952 using a nuclear emulsion plate exposed to cosmic rays, based on their energetic but delayed decay. This event was inferred to be due to a nuclear fragment containing a Λ baryon. Experiments until the 1970s would continue to study hypernuclei produced in emulsions using cosmic rays, and later using pion (π) and kaon (K) beams from particle accelerators.

Since the 1980s, more efficient production methods using pion and kaon beams have allowed further investigation at various accelerator facilities, including CERN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, KEK, DAφNE, and JPARC. In the 2010s, heavy ion experiments such as ALICE and STAR first allowed the production and measurement of light hypernuclei formed through hadronization from quark–gluon plasma.

Properties
Hypernuclear physics differs from that of normal nuclei because a hyperon is distinguishable from the four nucleon spin and isospin. That is, a single hyperon is not restricted by the Pauli exclusion principle, and can sink to the lowest energy level. As such, hypernuclei are often smaller and more tightly bound than normal nuclei; for example, the lithium hypernucleus is 19% smaller than the normal nucleus 6Li. However, the hyperons can decay via the weak force; the mean lifetime of a free Λ is $1/2$, and that of a Λ hypernucleus is usually slightly shorter.

A generalized mass formula developed for both the non-strange normal nuclei and strange hypernuclei can estimate masses of hypernuclei containing Λ, ΛΛ, Σ, and Ξ hyperon(s). The neutron and proton driplines for hypernuclei are predicted and existence of some exotic hypernuclei beyond the normal neutron and proton driplines are suggested. This generalized mass formula was named the "Samanta formula" by Botvina and Pochodzalla and used to predict relative yields of hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions.

Λ hypernuclei
The simplest, and most well understood, type of hypernucleus includes only the lightest hyperon, the Λ.

While two nucleons can interact through the nuclear force mediated by a virtual pion, the Λ becomes a Σ baryon upon emitting a pion, so the Λ–nucleon interaction is mediated solely by more massive mesons such as the η and ω mesons, or through the simultaneous exchange of two or more mesons. This means that the Λ–nucleon interaction is weaker and has a shorter range than the standard nuclear force, and the potential well of a Λ in the nucleus is shallower than that of a nucleon; in hypernuclei, the depth of the Λ potential is approximately 30 MeV. However, one-pion exchange in the Λ–nucleon interaction does cause quantum-mechanical mixing of the Λ and Σ baryons in hypernuclei (which does not happen in free space), especially in neutron-rich hypernuclei. Additionally, the three-body force between a Λ and two nucleons is expected to be more important than the three-body interaction in nuclei, since the Λ can exchange two pions with a virtual Σ intermediate, while the equivalent process in nucleons requires a relatively heavy delta baryon (Δ) intermediate.

Like all hyperons, Λ hypernuclei can decay through the weak interaction, which changes it to a lighter baryon and emits a meson or a lepton–antilepton pair. In free space, the Λ usually decays via the weak force to a proton and a π– meson, or a neutron and a π0, with a total half-life of $3/2$. A nucleon in the hypernucleus can cause the Λ to decay via the weak force without emitting a pion; this process becomes dominant in heavy hypernuclei, due to suppression of the pion-emitting decay mode. The half-life of the Λ in a hypernucleus is considerably shorter, plateauing to about $263 ps$ near, but some empirical measurements substantially disagree with each other or with theoretical predictions.

Hypertriton
The simplest hypernucleus is the hypertriton, which consists of one proton, one neutron, and one Λ hyperon. The Λ in this system is very loosely bound, having a separation energy of 130 keV and a large radius of 10.6 fm, compared to about $263 ps$ for the deuteron.

This loose binding would imply a lifetime similar to a free Λ. However, the measured hypertriton lifetime averaged across all experiments (about $215 ps$) is substantially shorter than predicted by theory, as the non-mesonic decay mode is expected to be relatively minor; some experimental results are substantially shorter or longer than this average.

Σ hypernuclei
The existence of hypernuclei containing a Σ baryon is less clear. Several experiments in the early 1980s reported bound hypernuclear states above the Λ separation energy and presumed to contain one of the slightly heavier Σ baryons, but experiments later in the decade ruled out the existence of such states. Results from exotic atoms containing a Σ− bound to a nucleus by the electromagnetic force have found a net repulsive Σ–nucleon interaction in medium-sized and large hypernuclei, which means that no Σ hypernuclei exist in such mass range. However, an experiment in 1998 definitively observed the light Σ hypernucleus.

ΛΛ and Ξ hypernuclei
Hypernuclei containing two Λ baryons have been made. However, such hypernuclei are much harder to produce due to containing two strange quarks, and, only seven candidate ΛΛ hypernuclei have been observed. Like the Λ–nucleon interaction, empirical and theoretical models predict that the Λ–Λ interaction is mildly attractive.

Hypernuclei containing a Ξ baryon are known. Empirical studies and theoretical models indicate that the Ξ––proton interaction is attractive, but weaker than the Λ–nucleon interaction. Like the Σ– and other negatively charged particles, the Ξ– can also form an exotic atom. When a Ξ– is bound in an exotic atom or a hypernucleus, it quickly decays to a ΛΛ hypernucleus or to two Λ hypernuclei by exchanging a strange quark with a proton, which releases about 29 MeV of energy in free space:
 * Ξ− + p → Λ + Λ

Ω hypernuclei
Hypernuclei containing the omega baryon (Ω) were predicted using lattice QCD in 2018; in particular, the proton–Ω and Ω–Ω dibaryons (bound systems containing two baryons) are expected to be stable. , no such hypernuclei have been observed under any conditions, but the lightest such species could be produced in heavy-ion collisions, and measurements by the STAR experiment are consistent with the existence of the proton–Ω dibaryon.

Hypernuclei with higher strangeness
Since the Λ is electrically neutral and its nuclear force interactions are attractive, there are predicted to be arbitrarily large hypernuclei with high strangeness and small net charge, including species with no nucleons. Binding energy per baryon in multi-strange hypernuclei can reach up to 21 MeV/A under certain conditions, compared to 8.80 MeV/A for the ordinary nucleus 62Ni. Additionally, formation of Ξ baryons should quickly become energetically favorable, unlike when there are no Λ's, because the exchange of strangeness with a nucleon would be impossible due to the Pauli exclusion principle.

Production
Several modes of production have been devised to make hypernuclei through bombardment of normal nuclei.

Strangeness exchange and production
One method of producing a K− meson exchanges a strange quark with a nucleon and changes it to a Λ:
 * p + K− → Λ + π0
 * n + K− → Λ + π−

The cross section for the formation of a hypernucleus is maximized when the momentum of the kaon beam is approximately 500 MeV/c. Several variants of this setup exist, including ones where the incident kaons are either brought to rest before colliding with a nucleus.

In rare cases, the incoming K− can instead produce a Ξ hypernucleus via the reaction:
 * p + K− → Ξ− + K+

The equivalent strangeness production reaction involves a π+ meson reacts with a neutron to change it to a Λ:
 * n + π+ → Λ + K+

This reaction has a maximum cross section at a beam momentum of 1.05 GeV/c, and is the most efficient production route for Λ hypernuclei, but requires larger targets than strangeness exchange methods.

Elastic scattering
Electron scattering off of a proton can change it to a Λ and produce a K+:
 * p + e− → Λ + e− + K+

where the prime symbol denotes a scattered electron. The energy of an electron beam can be more easily tuned than pion or kaon beams, making it easier to measure and calibrate hypernuclear energy levels. Initially theoretically predicted in the 1980s, this method was first used experimentally in the early 2000s.

Hyperon capture
The capture of a Ξ− baryon by a nucleus can make a Ξ− exotic atom or hypernucleus. Upon capture, it changes to a ΛΛ hypernucleus or two Λ hypernuclei. The disadvantage is that the Ξ− baryon is harder to make into a beam than singly strange hadrons. However, an experiment at J-PARC begun in 2020 will compile data on Ξ and ΛΛ hypernuclei using a similar, non-beam setup where scattered Ξ− baryons rain onto an emulsion target.

Kaonic nuclei
The K– meson can orbit a nucleus in an exotic atom, such as in kaonic hydrogen. Although the K–-proton strong interaction in kaonic hydrogen is repulsive, the K––nucleus interaction is attractive for larger systems, so this meson can enter a strongly bound state closely related to a hypernucleus; in particular, the K––proton–proton system is experimentally known and more tightly bound than a normal nucleus.

Charmed hypernuclei
Nuclei containing a charm quark have been predicted theoretically since 1977, and are described as charmed hypernuclei despite the possible absence of strange quarks. In particular, the lightest charmed baryons, the Λc and Σc baryons, are predicted to exist in bound states in charmed hypernuclei, and could be created in processes analogous to those used to make hypernuclei. The depth of the Λc potential in nuclear matter is predicted to be 58 MeV, but unlike Λ hypernuclei, larger hypernuclei containing the positively charged Λc would be less stable than the corresponding Λ hypernuclei due to Coulomb repulsion. The mass difference between the Λc and the is too large for appreciable mixing of these baryons to occur in hypernuclei. Weak decays of charmed hypernuclei have strong relativistic corrections compared to those in ordinary hypernuclei, as the energy released in the decay process is comparable to the mass of the Λ baryon.

title: Hypernucleus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kânik

Kânik
Looks like game material from an RPG. Initially thought this was from White Wolf, either the Werewolf or the Vampire series, but this turns out to be not the case. Google gives no relevant results anywhere. If it is game material, it reads like a copyvio. Article is being nominated for non-notability and/or copyvio. -Vina 17:58, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - I too tried Google but found nothing --Cje 19:39, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This looks like a conlang project, and not a notable one. The stuff about werewolves is just background for the language. Original fiction.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:22, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gwalla is correct on all counts. It looks like someone was trying to make a Latinesque fusional language but didn't understand how Latin got that way. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 22:50, 2004 Sep 30 (UTC)
 * Delete, whatever it is Dsmdgold 03:49, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: personal project and/or fabrication. Wile E. Heresiarch 23:00, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable conlang. In any case, welcome to the ZBB, Mathion. The ZBB's the place for conlangers to show their creations, Mathion, not Wikipedia. You will find a link on my user page. - Cymydog Naakka 21:16, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: If he wants to post it on a wiki, he could always use the conlang wiki.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:07, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Definitely Original Fiction. Google finds this now: http://www.fictionpress.com/~mathion Billranton 15:13, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kânik


text:
User:Darwinek

 * Quick links: userboxes,  DYK.

 * I have started:
 * Adam Mickiewicz Monument
 * Adam Mickiewicz Museum
 * Adelbert Range
 * African Americans at Petersburg
 * African Americans in the Civil War
 * Alakol
 * American Folklife Center
 * Archive of Folk Culture
 * Artibonite River
 * Atatürk Museum
 * Atik Ali Pasha Mosque
 * Benjamin W. Arnett
 * Christine Arron
 * Astrolabe Bay
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 * Mount Balbi
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title: User:Darwinek


text:
Joseph Trumbull (governor)

Joseph Trumbull (December 7, 1782 – August 4, 1861) was a U.S. lawyer, banker, and politician from Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in the U.S. Congress from 1834 to 1835, then again from 1839 to 1843. He later served as the 35th governor of Connecticut from 1849 to 1850.

Early life
Joseph Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, on December 7, 1782. He graduated from Yale University in 1801, and studied law with his cousin William Trumbull Williams. In 1802 he moved to the Connecticut Western Reserve (now Trumbull County, Ohio) and was admitted to the bar. Shortly thereafter he moved back to Connecticut, establishing a law practice in Hartford.

Career
In addition to a successful law practice, Trumbull was active in several businesses. From 1828 to 1839 he was president of the Hartford Bank, and he served as president of the Providence, Hartford & Fishkill Railroad.

Originally a national Republican, and later a Whig, Trumbull began his political career with election to the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1832.

He was sent to the U.S. Congress in December 1834 to complete the term of William W. Ellsworth who had resigned, and was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843).

Trumbull served as Governor of Connecticut in 1849 and 1850.

In 1849 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Yale. In 1851 he served again in the Connecticut House of Representatives.

Death and burial
He died Hartford on August 4, 1861, as the result of typhoid fever. He was buried at Old North Cemetery in Hartford. Two days later, his second wife Eliza also died.

Within a year of his death ten of his close relatives died, including his sister Abigail, his wife Eliza, his brother-in-law William L. Storrs, Joseph and Eliza's daughter Eliza, their son-in-law Lucius Robinson and Lucius' father David Robinson.

Family
Joseph Trumbull was born into an influential and politically active family. His grandfather, Jonathan Trumbull, was a colonial Connecticut governor and was the first governor of the State of Connecticut, serving a total of fourteen one year terms. His uncle, Jonathan Trumbull Jr. served as governor for ten terms. Another uncle, John Trumbull, served as a personal aide to George Washington during the Revolutionary War and became a famous painter. Several of his paintings are hanging in the Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D.C. His aunt Mary Trumbull married William Williams, a political activist and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

His first wife, Harriet Champion, was the daughter of Henry Champion, a general in the Revolutionary War. His second wife was the sister of William L. Storrs, a U.S. Congressman and later the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Connecticut.

Joseph Trumbull was born to David Trumbull and his wife née Sarah Backus in Lebanon, Connecticut. He lived in the family home known as Redwood, on the Lebanon green.

David and Sarah had five children. Joseph's siblings were:
 * Sarah Trumbull (1779–1839), who married William Trumbull Williams (1779–1839), her cousin
 * Abigail Trumbull (1781–1861), who married Peter Lanman (1771–1854)
 * John Trumbull (1784–1859), who married Anne Gibbons (1789–1823), Hanna Wallace Tunis (1800–1823) and Eliza Bruen (1793–1857)
 * Jonathan G. W. Trumbull (about 1790–1853), who married Jane Eliza Lathrop (1795–1843)

Harriet died in 1823 and Joseph married Eliza Storrs (1784–1861), sister of William L. Storrs, on December 1 of the following year. With his second wife he was the father of a daughter, Eliza Storrs Trumbull (1826–1862).

title: Joseph Trumbull (governor)