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Wispa

Wispa is a brand of chocolate bar manufactured by British chocolate company Cadbury. Using aerated chocolate, the bar was launched in 1981 as a trial version in North East England, and with its success it was introduced nationally in 1983. It was seen as a competitor to Rowntree's Aero (now owned by Nestlé). In 2003, as part of a relaunch of the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand, the Wispa brand was discontinued and the product relaunched as "Dairy Milk Bubbly". As part of the relaunch, the product was reshaped as a standard moulded bar (similar to other 'Dairy Milk' products) instead of a whole-bar count-line.

In 2007, helped by an Internet campaign by enthusiasts, the Wispa bar was relaunched, albeit for a "limited period". In October 2008, Wispa permanently returned to shops in the UK and Ireland due to the chocolate bar's popularity during the previous limited period release.

Manufacture
The tiny bubbles within the chocolate form via aerating the molten chocolate with gas, typically carbon dioxide or nitrogen, while at a high pressure, which causes microscopic gas bubbles to form within the liquid. The liquid is then lowered to atmospheric pressure as it cools, causing the gas pockets to expand and become trapped in the chocolate. Air is not used to make the bubbles as this would oxidize the chocolate.

Advertising
The bar was launched by teaser advertisements in 1983 bearing the phrase "Have you heard the latest Wispa?" which did not identify the product as a chocolate bar. Original Wispa advertisements, all performed to camera in front of a black background, featured well-known actors such as Paul Eddington, Nigel Hawthorne, Victoria Wood, Julie Walters, Simon Cadell, and Ruth Madoc. John Le Mesurier and Arthur Lowe also made a final appearance as their characters from Dad's Army.

At the time of its comeback in 2008, Wispa was re-launched using large outdoor posters featuring the tagline "It's back. Apparently." and smaller, roadside posters featuring conversations about Wispa returning, which read; "Apparently, the Wispa thing is true. It's coming back. Finally. Brilliant." In December 2009, Wispa aired a television advert entitled "For the love of Wispa", starring members of the public recruited from an earlier advertising campaign. The advert included cheerleaders, choirs and grandparents, and was aired on 20 December at 8 pm on ITV.

In 2009, to mark the return of Wispa Gold a request for submissions to be considered for an outdoor poster campaign received over 7,000 submissions and featured over 900 different posters across Britain and Ireland".

In 2015, Mondelēz International shrunk the size of the Bitsa Wispa sharing bag from 130g to 110g and also reduced the size of the Wispa Easter Egg making it 78g lighter. The Wispa chocolate bar wrapper was also redesigned ditching the blue coloured wrapper for the traditional Cadbury purple. The wrapper was redesigned again in 2016, as part of the Cadbury 'Obey Your Mouth' brand re-positioning, in which the Wispa logo now resembles the shape of a balloon.

Available

 * Cadbury Wispa: an aerated milk chocolate bar. Launched in 1981, discontinued in 2003, relaunched in 2007 temporarily but relaunched again in 2008 permanently.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a caramel layer. Launched in 1995, discontinued in 2003, relaunched in 2009 temporarily but relaunched again in 2011.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold Hazelnut flavour: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a soft hazelnut flavour caramel centre. Limited edition launched in 2021.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold Salted Caramel: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a salted caramel layer. Limited edition launched in 2022.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold Duo: an aerated Cadbury milk chocolate bar with a layer of Caramel, in two-halves. Launched in 2020.
 * Cadbury Wispa Duo: an aerated milk chocolate bar in two halves. Launched in 2010, discontinued in 2011 but relaunched in 2012.
 * Cadbury Bitsa Wispa: aerated milk chocolate in little bite-size pieces. Launched in 2012.
 * Cadbury Wispa Hot Chocolate: hot and frothy chocolate-based drink. Launched in 2013.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold Hot Chocolate: hot and frothy instant caramel flavoured hot chocolate. Launched in 2014.
 * Cadbury Wispa Biscuits: a round biscuit with a layer of aerated milk chocolate, covered in milk chocolate. Launched in August 2014.
 * Cadbury Endless Wispa: a long multipack of 4 Wispa bars. Available every Christmas since 2012.
 * Cadbury Bitsa Wispa Sharing Tube: a tube full of little aerated milk chocolate pieces. Launched in Christmas 2014.
 * Cadbury Wispa Easter Egg: a hollow milk chocolate egg with 4 Wispa bars. Launched in 1980s, discontinued in 2003 but relaunched in 2008. Available only at Easter. In 2015 the number of bars included in the Easter Egg was decreased to 2 Wispa bars.

Discontinued

 * Cadbury Wispa Orange: an orange flavoured aerated milk chocolate bar. Launched 1994, limited edition.
 * Cadbury Wispa Mint: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a mint layer. Launched 1995, discontinued 2003.
 * Cadbury Wispa Bite: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a caramel and biscuit layer. Launched 2000 and discontinued 2003.
 * Cadbury Wispa Strawberry: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a strawberry jam layer. Launched on 1994, discontinued in 1999.
 * Cadbury Wispaccino: an aerated milk chocolate bar with a coffee-flavoured caramel layer. Launched 1997 and discontinued 2003.
 * Cadbury Wispa McFlurry: soft serve vanilla ice cream topped with Wispa pieces and chocolate sauce. Launched in 2008, 2012 and 2023, after 11 years.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold McFlurry: soft serve vanilla ice cream topped with Wispa pieces and caramel sauce. Launched in 2012 and 2023, after 11 years.
 * Cadbury Wispa Ice Cream: chocolate ice cream with Wispa pieces. Launched 2009 but discontinued in 2012.
 * Cadbury Wispa Ice Cream Bars: chocolate ice cream bar with Wispa pieces, covered in milk chocolate. Launched 2009 but discontinued 2013.
 * Cadbury Wispa Gold Easter Egg: a hollow milk chocolate egg with 4 Wispa Gold bars. Launched 1999, discontinued in 2003 but relaunched temporarily in 2009.

Australia release
During October or November 2016, Wispa chocolate bars released into IGA stores for around $2. Cadbury Heroes was released in Australia in November 2016 at certain retailers which contained mini Wispas.

In April 2017, Bitsa Wispa 110g bags were released, alongside another 3 items including chocolate buttons and bite size flakes.

Discontinuation and relaunch
In 2003, Cadbury made Dairy Milk into a family brand by taking existing brands and marketing them as Dairy Milk sub-brands. As part of this change, the Wispa brand was phased out and replaced by "Dairy Milk Bubbly".

Since the discontinuation of the Wispa bar in 2003, a host of internet campaigns and an online petition to bring it back slowly gained momentum. During Iggy and the Stooges' 2007 performance at Glastonbury Festival, several Wispa fans invaded the stage armed with a banner saying "Bring Back the Wispa." In addition, several "Bring Back Wispa" groups on Bebo, MySpace and Facebook were set up. In August 2007, these campaigns prompted Cadbury to announce that the bar would be relaunched on 8 October 2007 for an initial limited production of 23 million bars, with a permanent return possible if sales are high enough. Predictions that the relaunched product would be marketed as Wispa Classic proved unfounded, and the new Wispa hit shelves in similar packaging to the original bar, a combination of the original colours and the slightly updated lettering style of the later bars. There have been claims that the spontaneous 'campaign' was pre-planned and orchestrated by Cadbury, rather than by members of the public.

On 24 August 2007, the first box of the relaunched Wispas was put up for auction on eBay, with a press release from Cadbury stating that the auction was real and that the proceeds were going towards the Cadbury Charity, Ghana for the Source. The winning bid was £195 by a 23 year old Nicholas Bradley from the Isle of Man.

In February 2008, Rebecca Wells auctioned an original out-of-date Wispa bar, which she found in a sofa, on eBay for the charity LAM Action. The initial winning bid of £2,550 was found by eBay to be "unauthorised". It has since been re-listed, and raised £1,000 for the charity.

The bar returned on a permanent basis in October 2008. Prior to the permanent launch of Wispa, for a limited time a Wispa McFlurry was available at McDonald's restaurants until 30 September 2008. During Easter 2009, a Wispa Easter Egg was made.

On 14 September 2009, Wispa Gold was relaunched for a limited time, following a Facebook campaign. The product was initially released for sale at Foreways on Warwick Road in Carlisle two weeks earlier, after the shop had been chosen from many around the country as part of a competition. As of 20 January 2010, Wispa Gold once again became available in Australia (having been previously marketed as the Crave bar) following parallel importing by Coles Supermarkets.

On 26 August 2011, it was announced that Wispa Gold would return permanently in November in support of team GB at the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

In April 2013, Cadbury launched Wispa Hot Chocolate. A Wispa Gold version of the Wispa Hot Chocolate was launched and Cadbury later launched Wispa Biscuits.

title: Wispa


text:
Talk:Haileybury (Melbourne)

older comments
Does anyone know whether this place is connected to Haileybury and Imperial Service College? I've tried looking on the website, but there's nothing about history, and the only "contact" page is designed for parents to request information. --Phil | Talk 15:56, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Only via a historical connection; there's no financial or corporate connection beyond the name. (I'm an ex Haileybury student, FWIW.) 121.44.107.119 (talk) 09:11, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Haileybury is written like an advertisement
After much discussion with many librarians we have all come to the conclusion that this article is written way to much like an advertisement with the facility section etc. I want to get your thoughts on this matter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.239.157.75 (talk) 08:58, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that the article needs a great deal of work. Despite a hundred-year history, the history section jumps from 1892 to 1999, the facilities section is a rather pointless list, the students section is a list of suburbs and the house/pastoral section is of no use to individuals outside of Haileybury --gummAY 06:58, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

I think we should take out the Facilities section as it is not encyclopedia needed information. The house system seems to be the same as most schools so maybe that should be removed as well. I suggest that we should clean it up and take out the unnecessary parts. Just wondering what you guys thought? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.28.189.110 (talk) 08:50, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * While the facilities section is rather ordinary in its current state, I'd venture that after some heavy modification some information could stay. For example, Haileybury has an indoor 50m heated swimming pool with electronic timing - you can almost count the number of those in Victoria on one hand ... and this one's in a school. When compared with other schools, Haileybury tends to have a great deal more facilities - it's probably one of the things that makes it notable. Let's strip it bare :)--gummAY (talk) 07:22, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Afterthought: Integrate the facilities with the campuses, it doesn't need its own section --gummAY (talk) 07:36, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

The sports facilities aren't that great at Haileybury, compared to Wesley College, I have been on a tour of Haileybury and Wesley recently for this article and Wesley seems to have newer / better facilities... however I think most of the schools listed in wikipedia needs a general clean up. If any one feels like it can they integrate the facilities section into the campuses sectiona s gummAy suggested, i have information on Wesley and Haileybury as I live close to them and I have a huge from the registrars of each school. Thank You! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.228.179.2 (talk) 23:47, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Relation to Haileybury in England
Haileybury is related to 'Haileybury and Imperial Service College', for the record. (http://www.haileybury.herts.sch.uk/)

Yes, but only tangentially in that the Haileybury (Melbourne) was founded by an alumni of Haileybury (UK) who got permission to use the name. Hewwo3 (talk) 03:37, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

Sports captains
I think the list of sports captains is beyond the scope of an encyclopedic article, and should be left out of the article. Any opinions? Cnwb 23:20, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

I think it is very appropriate and informative to include sport captains in the article. Any opinions?

Haileybury are no good at sport. Why would anyone want to know who their sports captains are? What is the point? Tier two school, too.

Haileybury is a member of the APS. One of only eleven schools that have membership -- isn't this elite/prestigious? Why would it be tier two?

Senior Staff at Edrington
This information is really relevant only to those who attend Haileybury and not the wider community, and while it is somewhat useful I don't beleive that it should be included, and if it is then similar entries should be made to Newlands, Castlefield and Senior School. Any Opinions?

Sursum Corda
We can all see that this is common in the Xavier and Haileybury crests, however can someone please find a source to show haileybury "took" it from Xavier?

--- No, Sursum Corda is in common with Haileybury England's Coat of Arms. This negates the above comment.

Sorry for the ambiguous wording of my above remark. I made it after a stint of people kept readding a statement that Haileybury "stole" it from Xavier. I know well of its true origins :) --gummAY 01:35, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Haileybury College and Haileybury Girls College
Just wanted an opinion as to whether the article should be renamed to Haileybury, Melbourne as the article incorporates both Haileybury College and Haileybury Girls College.

Sounds ok to me. --gummAY 13:45, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

I've moved the page to Haileybury, Melbourne and while it sounds weird at first im sure the move is for the better. There are also links from Haileybury College, Melbourne and Haileybury Girls College Sendreplyfwd 09:59, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

I noticed that the page has been moved back do Haileybury College, Melbourne. I must stress that Haileybury includes both Haileybury College and Haileybury Girls College. If the article title is Haileybury College, Melbourne then Haileybury has stressed that it must not contain information relating to the girls college. Sendreplyfwd 11:03, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Again the page has been moved to Haileybury College,Melbourne. I must stress that this is not the correct title. The registered name is Haileybury, not Haileybury College as of 2003. I will move it back again however before I do so, if it sounds too much like a suburb then maybe it should be something along the lines of Haileybury (school), Melbourne. any thoughts? Sendreplyfwd 13:05, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Is there anything we can do to mitigate the amount of vandalism that this page is currently receiving ? -gummAY 02:34, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Please elobarate? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.178.160.100 (talk • contribs)

Senior School Leadership
I have verified the leadership positions and they are correct, there will be no changes except for the addition of girls leaders on February 2nd, I have also neatened the leadership section as it was looking more like a gossip column than an encyclopedia. 124.181.221.168 07:33, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Well check again... :P 203.214.105.94 15:18, 14 December 2006 (UTC)Meyv.

Senior Leadership Removed
I have removed the section on Senior School Leadership.

 * The section was subject to constant vandalism.
 * The information was unverifiable, except by original research.
 * The people listed were not notable.
 * The information was only of interest to a small group of people.

So there! I have attempted to be bold, and would appreciate feedback.

--gummAY 07:01, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, that is a vast improvement to the article. I agree with your summary, and would also add Avoid statements that will date quickly to the list. Does anyone else agree that the Extra Curricular Program also needs some attention? -- zzuuzz(talk) 11:32, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. Thinking about the original intention of the list, and the reason it's become so large, I suppose it was akin to saying something about how many different activities are available to students outside of the (also large) number of subjects offered. Should it be deleted outright, or replaced with a sentence or two: Haileybury offers students a wide range of sporting, musical and academic extra-curricular activities to participate, most included in tuition fees. Saturday sport is compulsory for all students ... Something else that could use attention is the third paragraph in the opening, but as it's late I'll leave that for another day. --gummAY 13:28, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

List of Extracurricular Activities Removed
I have removed the list of extracurricular activities.

 * The information in the list will become out of date quickly.
 * The information was only of interest to a small group of people.
 * The information was unverifiable, except by original research.
 * Some items in the list were not notable (eg. "Hearts and Wings (Junior Campus publication)").
 * The section was subject to some vandalism.

--gummAY 11:30, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Finally!! this list was ridiculous, and I'm convinced half of the activities listed aren't even offered (to the best of my knoweledge). Also Hearts & Wings is notable, it is now the official magazine for Prep-9, instead of the good old whole school magazine (just thought I would tell you as you are an ex-student). 124.181.165.91 17:05, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your support and information :) --gummAY 23:31, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Boarding School
Can someone please provide a source that Haileybury is now a boarding school as per recent edits by 124.176.146.202 --gummAY 14:51, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

As a current student at Haileybury, I think I can safely say it's not. 12Shark 01:47, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Just looked into it in detail, there is an option for international students to board at Castlefield during term. This is limited to a maximum of 12 students. While it has been set up for international students, it is also possible to board if you are from interstate. However I don't think this qualifies Haileybury as a boarding school per say. Here is the public link for information www.haileybury.vic.edu.au/data/el_pool/FEES%20&%20CONDITIONS%20FOR%20INTERNATIONAL%20STUDENTS.doc Sendreplyfwd 12:05, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * That's interesting - thanks for the information! -gummAY 04:42, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * "in excess of 40k for boarders".
 * given our recent findings that there are only 12 places available, is this a statement necessary to have in the introductory paragraph? --gummAY 04:51, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

I would argue that since borders make up such a small percentage of the student body, that their inclusion in the article should be minimal. Sendreplyfwd 11:45, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Indeed, so shall we remove it? --gummAY 14:04, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

List of Old Boys
Wow, that list is getting huge. Is it time to start considering a spilt, like they did o'er at Caulfield Grammar School ---gummAY 08:09, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

New Tradition
I think, due to recent events, that there should be a section about the speech held by Mr. Scott at assembly last Thursday about the new tradition. There is indeed a new tradition at Haileybury so it deserves to get a mention in this article.

Any thoughts? --Kvs90 09:07, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * What exactly is this new tradition? Loopla 09:21, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The new tradition is the song Dr. Pargetter wrote, "For We Are Haileybury". --Kvs90 09:41, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

New Principal
Due to the passing of Dr. Robert Pargetter, Mr. Nicholas Dwyer has been appointed as acting Principal, this is reflected in the article. http://www.haileybury.vic.edu.au/fs_secondary.asp?load=htm_NEWS.asp&Level1PageID=85&PageID=85&intNewsID=1052 124.180.95.3 08:16, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

'Students' Section
I think this section is poorly written. Can someone fix it? 124.190.145.143 01:08, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism by anonymous/IP address users
I count at least 15 reverts in recent times where the target was the line about school fees. The vandals are now even removing the entire references section.

Is this annoying any one else? Is there a solution? --gummAY 16:45, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I find it very annoying. I was the one that changed the fees to that which the school has published and added the ref. Someone clearly feels that people should think that Haileybury is more expensive than it really is. I guess the only solution is to keep watching the article and continue to revert. It's on my watch list. Glad someone else is doing something about it! Loopla 05:55, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I just recently changed the school fees to the published 2008 fees. It is just under $20K for years 10-12, and just above $10K for prep. Kvs90 (talk) 07:36, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

I don't think Haileybury is the largest
Haileybury claims to have an enrolment of 3,200 students. Wesley College has an enrolment of 3,500 students (Campus rolls.)

The information that Haileybury was the largest school by enrolment first came from a book called "125 years of Caufield" by Helen Primrose. In this book she said that Haileybury was the largest with a population of 3,200, and Wesley the 2nd largest with a population of 2950. I have found that this figure is not correct; she did not include Wesley's Elsterwick Campus population (which goes from kinder - year 9) and adds another 450 students to the list!

The Wikipedia page claims that Haileybury has a student population that exceeds 3,200. I'm assuming this perhaps means 3,220 or something, but not as many as 3,500 - which is about Wesley's population.

Please correct me if I'm wrong; I may very well be! :)

58.107.228.3 (talk)

Hey Guys, Before anyone edits the enrolment number, go to www.haileybury.vic.edu.au. Then click on each of the campuses descriptions.

BERWICK: "Edrington caters for approximately 560 students"

BRIGHTON: "Castlefield caters for approximately 700 students from the Early Learning Centre to Year 9."

KEYSBOROUGH: "Today, Newlands has over 800 students and Senior School has approximately 600 students."

800 + 600 + 700+ 560 = 2,660.

They say there's plans to re-open the senior college, but there is no figure that equals 3,200. They'd need to enrol another 830 students before they become the largest. (The largest is 3490!) I'm not sure if these figures are correct though

Could someone obtain an official enrolment count? :) Thanks. Jobers (talk) 08:30, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, what is needed here is a reference! People have to have a reference that states Wesley has Y number of students and Haileybury has X number of students, not people saying random figures. Twenty Years 14:43, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

It's hard to reference the 2007 enrolment as that wont be published until after 2007. I would take the website information with a grain of salt as it hasn't been updated since the girls senior school began (which now accounts for nearly 300 enrolments). The corporate report 2006 makes reference to 2,950 students, the 3200 figure will of course be taking into account the two new senior schools plus the extra enrolments in Pre-Senior etc however they have not been officially published (and wont be until january), I would say that the enrolment should read 2,950 as that is the last "official" enrolment figure published, in terms of making it the largest independent school in Victoria that is definately not correct because a) Wesley has a higher official enrolment and b) Haileybury is actually registered as two seperate schools. 121.219.251.175 (talk) 09:57, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Hi Guys... I'm a current student of Wesley College according to the College Roll & Staff List in this year Chronicle we receive at the end of each year it provides the names of 3511 students from k-12 from all 3 campuses. I presume this is the same as the enrollment figures, hope this helps!!! Also according to the wikipedia page "List of Schools In Victoria" it states that Caulfield Grammar School is the 2nd Biggest then followed by Eumemmerring College the Haileybury with an enrollment of 2600. Merry Christmas! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.107.216.22 (talk) 10:46, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

As a past student who has recently received the school report from 2007, the current number of students stands at roughly 3100 (exactly 3104 according to the report). It is expected to rise to 3500 in the near future.--124.190.145.215 (talk) 07:11, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Major removal of cruft
I have made a large deletion of non-notable content and advertising material from this article. Please do ot re-insert this kind of content unless it is referenced, relevant to a school article, and (in the case of inclusion in an alumni list) the person meets notability standards. I will remove any inappropriate material in future and address it on the talk page further if necessary. Thanks. Harr o 5 00:22, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Excellent edit, well done. --gummAY (talk) 04:13, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Well I have edited the school fees before, but somebody keeps chaning them back to the 2007 fees. For your information Haileybury has started the 2008 academic year in October 2007, therefore 2008 fees have applied for some time. Here is a referece if anybody cares editing it, I'm not goign to put in any effort if it just gets changed by you guys again. Note that Year 9 is most expensive. Kvs90 (talk) 03:52, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Haileybury may editing this article to suit their own needs
Haileybury may editing this article to suit their own needs. This article still contains a lot of unnotable and unnecessary information even though i have removed a lot already. This article is infact written like an advertisement with most of it belonging to school websites and books.Sheepunderscore (talk) 07:56, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

Large Clean Up
Dear all, I would be doing a large clean up of this article in a weeks time to remove: unotable, unnecessary, advertisement like material, uncitated material, etc. In no more citations are added alot of this material i'm afraid does not belong here and will be removed. Sheepunderscore (talk) 06:47, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Brighton
There is no Brighton campus, its clearly in Hampton, the border for Brighton and Hampton is south Road and Haileybury is on the hampton side. just another example of brighton trying to take over everywhere —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.217.74.44 (talk) 05:13, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Haileybury, Melbourne. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140108031029/http://www.haileybury.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/5327/Statutory_Report_2012.pdf to http://www.haileybury.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/5327/Statutory_Report_2012.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:44, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

New campus
haileybury has a new campus, city. I don't know how to edit so could someone do for me? Thanks^^VeryExultantCow^^ (talk) 05:20, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

That has been done! JML1148 (talk) 04:16, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

Awfully written advertisement
It's way too long and reads like an advertisement or some promotional material you would expect to find on the school's page. It keeps reusing the same words and pronouns way too many times. It needs to be seriously cleaned up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by モハメッド一二三 (talk • contribs) 10:26, 13 May 2018 (UTC)

I have myself made edits on this page, but it still sounds like an advertisement. The last two paragraphs sound like someone from the organisation has written them. JML1148 (talk) 04:14, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Haileybury (Melbourne)


text:
Hoshana Rabbah

Hoshana Rabbah (הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּה, הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּא) is the seventh day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, the 21st day of the month of Tishrei. This day is marked by a special synagogue service, the Hoshana Rabbah, in which seven circuits are made by the worshippers with their lulav and etrog, while the congregation recites Hoshanot. It is customary for the scrolls of the Torah to be removed from the ark during this procession. In a few communities a shofar is sounded after each circuit.

Final judgment
Hoshana Rabbah is known as the last of the Days of Judgment, which begin on Rosh Hashana. The Zohar says that while the judgment for the new year is sealed on Yom Kippur, it is not "delivered" until the end of Sukkot (i.e., Hoshana Rabbah, the last day of Sukkot), during which time one can still alter their verdict and decree for the new year. This idea has no source in the Mishna, Midrash, or Talmud, but a similar idea appears in the Tosefta: that all judgment is made on Rosh Hashana, but judgment of the people is sealed on Yom Kippur, while judgment for rain, grain, and fruits are sealed on the agricultural festivals of Sukkot, Passover, and Shavuot respectively.

R' Mordecai Yoffe argued that Hoshana Rabbah should be a day of judgment based on calendrical considerations: The Jewish year is 12 lunar months or approximately 354 days long (in a non-leap year). Adding the 10 days between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, there are a total of approximately 364 days between one year's Rosh Hashana and the next year's Yom Kippur, almost exactly equaling a solar year of 365 (or 366) days. Thus, on Yom Kippur one is judged for the deeds of the previous solar year. The next solar year lasts approximately from Yom Kippur to the next year's Hoshana Rabbah, thus Hoshanah Rabbah is also a day of judgment. The third year will typically be a leap year, in which case the solar year lasts approximately from Hoshana Rabbah to Rosh Hashana, after which the cycle repeats itself.

Consequently, an Aramaic blessing that Jews give each other on Hoshana Rabbah, פתקא טבא (pitka tava or piska tava), which in Yiddish is "A guten kvitel", or "A good note", is a wish that the verdict will be positive. In many congregations, the cantor wears a kittel on Hoshana Rabbah as on the High Holidays. Since Hoshana Rabbah blends elements of the High Holy Days, Chol HaMoed, and Yom Tov, in the Ashkenazic tradition, the cantor recites the service using High Holiday, Festival, Weekday, and Sabbath melodies interchangeably.

In some Sephardic communities, prayers known as Selichot (forgiveness) are recited before the regular morning service (these are the same prayers recited before Rosh Hashanah). In the different prayers of this day, Syrian Jews pray in the same maqam (melody) as on the high holidays. In Amsterdam and in a few places in England, America, and elsewhere, the shofar is sounded in connection with the processions, reflecting the idea that Hoshana Rabbah is the end of the High Holy Day season. Because Hoshanah Rabbah is also linked to the high holidays as well as being a joy-filled day, in the Diaspora, some Hasidic communities such as Satmar have the custom of having Priestly Blessing recited during the Mussaf service. Some communities such as Bobov will only do this if it is on Friday. However, this is not the common practice outside of Israel and some Sephardic communities where the Priestly Blessing is recited daily.

Rituals and customs
The reasons for many of the customs of the day are rooted in Kabbalah.

Seven hoshanot
The modern-day observance of the rituals of Hoshana Rabbah is intended to emulate the practices that existed in the times of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. During Sukkot, the four species are taken in a circuit (hakafah) around the bimah of the synagogue once daily. On Hoshana Rabbah, there are seven circuits (hakafot).

Making a circuit around the bimah on Sukkot while each person holds the four species in his hands has its origin in the Temple service, as recorded in the Mishnah: "It was customary to make one procession around the altar on each day of Sukkot, and seven on the seventh day" (Sukkah 4:5). The priests carried the palm branches or willows in their hands. The entire ceremony is to demonstrate rejoicing and gratitude for a blessed and fruitful year. Moreover, it serves to tear down the iron wall that separates us from our Father in Heaven, as the wall of Jericho was encompassed "and the wall fell down flat" (Joshua 6:20). Furthermore, the seven circuits correspond to the seven Hebrew words in - "I wash my hands in purity and circle around Your altar, O Lord".

According to Kabbalistic tradition, each circuit is done in honor of a patriarch, prophet, or king. The list of honorees is identical to that of the honorary invitees to the sukkah according to the tradition of Ushpizin: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joseph, David.

Tikkun Hoshana Rabbah
Abudarham speaks of the custom of reading the Torah on the night of Hoshana Rabbah, out of which has grown the custom of reading Deuteronomy, Psalms, and passages from the Zohar; reciting Kabbalistic prayers. In Orthodox Jewish circles, some men will stay up all night learning Torah.

Sephardim have a tradition of staying up the entire night on the eve of this day. Throughout the night in the synagogues, Torah learning takes place, and some recite Selichot prayers. The entire books of Deuteronomy is read. The reason for this is because this book is considered by some as a "review" of the entire Torah, but also because in the Torah portion cycle, the book of Deuteronomy is about to be completed the following days on Simchat Torah. In addition, many read the entire book of Psalms.

It is customary to read the whole of Tehillim (Psalms) on Hoshana Rabbah eve. There is also a custom to read the book of Deuteronomy on the night of Hoshana Rabbah.

In Hasidic communities that follow the customs of Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, there is a public reading of the Book of Devarim (Deuteronomy) from a Sefer Torah. This may be followed by a tish in honor of the festival.

The entire book of Psalms is read, with Kabbalistic prayers being recited after each of the five sections.

Five willow branches

At the conclusion of a number of Piyyutim (liturgical poems), five willow branches are beaten on the ground or other surfaces to symbolize the elimination of sin. This is also symbolic as a prayer for rain and success in agriculture. According to the Kabbalah, beating the ground with the five willow branches is done to "Sweeten the Five Severities". There is no blessing said for this ritual, but the Aramaic expression "chabit, chabit velah barich" ("beat, beat but don't bless") is chanted because, according to tradition, this custom of beating the willow branches was started only in the times of Ezra by the three last prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.

The Midrash notes that the Aravah (willow) represents the common folk, unlearned and lacking exceptional deeds. Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook noted that these simple people have their own contribution to the nation; they are blessed with common sense and are unencumbered by sophisticated calculations. The unusual custom to beat the willow on the ground symbolizes that these common folk provide “a natural, healthy power that is part of the arsenal of the Jewish people. We do not strike the willow. We strike with the willow.” It is important to note that the Aravah represents the unlearned and not the evildoers.

Prayers for Messiah
In the Ashkenazic and Italian rites, the hoshanot are accompanied by a series of liturgical verses climaxing with, "Kol mevasser, mevasser ve-omer" (The voice of the Herald [ Elijah ] heralds and says)—expressing hope for the speedy coming of the Messiah.

Traditional foods
In Ashkenazi culture, it is traditional to eat soup with kreplach during the meal served on the day of Hoshana Rabba.

Also in Yiddish-speaking communities, some eat boiled cabbage on Hoshanah Rabbah. This is because the Hebrew phrase "Kol Mevasser (קול מבשר)" chanted on the day, sounds, when pronounced in traditional Eastern Ashkenazi pronunciation, like "koyl mit vasser (קויל מיט וואסער)", Yiddish for "cabbage with water"(cabbage in German being kohl). Rabbi Pinchas of Koretz taught that one should bake an apple with the Hoshana branch in it to ward off toothaches in the coming year.

title: Hoshana Rabbah


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Itaoca

Itaoca is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 3,330 (2020 est.) in an area of 183 km². The elevation is 155 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itaoca


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Chevrolet Uplander

The Chevrolet Uplander is a minivan manufactured and marketed by the Chevrolet division of General Motors for model years of 2005–2009, replacing the Venture and the Astro. Marketed over a single generation, the Uplander was offered in short and long wheelbase variations — each with foldable and removable second and third row seating; a V-6 engine and 4-speed automatic transmission.

Heavily based on GM's predecessor minivans, the Uplander was initially marketed with those vehicles, the Venture and Astro. The minivan and its rebadged variants, the Saturn Relay, Buick Terraza, and Pontiac Montana SV6, were manufactured at GM's Doraville Assembly and were discontinued in 2008 when GM left the minivan market, ended production and closed the Doraville Assembly plant.

The Uplander was marketed in the United States, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the Middle East.

Year to year changes
2005: The Uplander was initially offered with a 3.5 L High Value 3500 LX9 V6 generating 200 hp (149 kW) and 220 lb·ft (298 N·m).

2006: A 3.9 L LZ9 V6, with 240 hp (179 kW) and 240 lb·ft (332 Nm) torque, was added as an option. Wheels were changed from a five-lugnut design to a six-lugnut design. The GM logo was added to the front doors. A short-wheelbase model became available, but only for the fleet market.

2007: The 3.5 L V6 was dropped, leaving the 3.9 L as the base engine. Consequently, the optional AWD system was also dropped, since it could not handle the torque of the 3.9 L engine. A flex-fuel version of the 3.9 L V6 also became available for 2007.

2008: The Uplander's last year for the United States, although production continued for export to Canada and Mexico up to the 2009 model year. The final vehicle (a 2009 Canadian-specification short wheelbase Pontiac Montana SV6 in Liquid Silver Metallic with a roof rack) rolled off the Doraville assembly line on September 26, 2008.

Safety
According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Chevrolet Uplander has an improved crash test rating than its predecessor, the Venture. The Uplander, Pontiac Montana SV6, Buick Terraza, and Saturn Relay earned the highest rating of "Good" in the IIHS offset frontal crash test but was rated only "Acceptable" and "Poor" in the IIHS side crash test with and without the optional side airbags, respectively.

title: Chevrolet Uplander


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Boundary Waters–Canadian derecho

The Boundary Waters–Canadian Derecho (also called the Boundary Waters Blowdown) was an international derecho that occurred during the afternoon and evening hours of July 4 and the early morning hours of July 5, 1999. It traveled 1300 mi and lasted 22 hours.

North Dakota
In the pre-dawn hours of July 4, a band of thunderstorms developed over far eastern North Dakota. Hector International Airport in northwest Fargo recorded winds in excess of 58 mph (95 km/h) for 40 minutes and a maximum wind gust of 91 mi/h. Many planes were damaged or overturned. The hangars suffered damage as well.

The worst damage occurred farther south in West Fargo, North Dakota and in south central Fargo, North Dakota. Wind gusts in these areas were estimated at as high as 110 mi/h.

The storm caused $85 million in damage (1999 dollars) in the Fargo metropolitan area. Over 40,000 people were without power. Cars were overturned, roofs were severely damaged, and power poles were blown down.

Minnesota

The derecho moved into Minnesota and caused massive damage in Cass, Itasca, and Aitkin Counties, at around $3 million. A semi-trailer truck was blown over on U.S. Route 53 near Canyon.

One person was killed and 60 were injured as the derecho passed through the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) and Superior National Forest. People were there to enjoy canoeing and other recreation for the Independence Day weekend. Straight line winds in excess of 90 mph (145 km/h) uprooted and snapped off trees in over 370,000 acres (1,500 km²) of the 1 million acre (4,000 km²) wilderness area. In total, more than 477,000 acres (1,930 km²) of forest was affected in the Superior National Forest in a swath 30 miles (48.3 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6.4 to 19.3 km) wide. It is estimated that 25 million trees were blown down in the BWCAW.

Ontario
The derecho brought more damage when it crossed the border into Ontario during the early afternoon hours of July 4. At its peak near Thunder Bay, the winds were estimated to have been much stronger, around 100 mph (160 km/h) and it spawned some small tornadoes. One small sailboat was overturned and two people were thrown into the cold waters of Lake Superior. They were rescued by a nearby boater.

The storm carved a path of destruction into the sparsely populated forested areas of northern Ontario. The Canadian Pacific track between White River and Chapleau in northeastern Ontario was put out of service by fallen trees. Significant tree and property damage was recorded in Timmins.

Quebec
As it raced eastward at 62 mph (100 km/h), the system entered into western Quebec in the Témiscamingue region around 11:00 p.m. A gust of 65 mph (102 km/h) was reported at the automatic station of Angliers. There was also a tremendous amount of lightning associated with this derecho, with around 6,000 lightning strikes per hour. Another person in this derecho was killed at Val-des-Lacs (V on the map) when a tree fell on the victim. A woman was injured when a tree crushed her car.

After narrowly missing the Ottawa area, the storm moved quickly into Montreal (M on the map) around 3:00 a.m. heading southeastward toward Maine. Much damage was recorded in the Metropolitan area but the worst affected area of Quebec was farther along its path near Sherbrooke (S on the map) in the Eastern Townships where a church was badly damaged, farm buildings were damaged and 2,000 trees were felled. Hydro-Québec reported that over 600,000 people lost power; some were without power for over a week.

New England
The storm continued southeast and caused more damage in New Hampshire and Vermont, killing one more person, before finally dissipating in Maine after 5:00 a.m. on July 5.

Aftermath
The Boundary Waters – Canadian Derecho is one of the farthest north "progressive" derechos to have ever been recorded. The derecho caused well over $100 million in damage, killed 4 persons and injured 70. Over 700,000 homes and businesses lost power from the event.

title: Boundary Waters–Canadian derecho


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Itirapina

Itirapina is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 18,387 (2020 est.) in an area of 565 km2. The elevation is 770 m.

The municipality contains 56% of the Itirapina Ecological Station, created in 1984.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itirapina


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Itirapuã

Itirapuã is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 6,543 (2020 est.) in an area of 161 km2. The elevation is 865 m.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1948.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itirapuã


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Talk:Spread Firefox

Please don't add content to the article, it was redirected with community conscenus Af  648  07:04, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This article was on votes for deletion, the consensus was to redirect it to Mozilla Firefox. See the archived discussion for further details.

- It should be mentioned that the above statement is more or less void by now. There seems to be enough momentum to let this article be on its own...

IcycleMort 13:06, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Firefox & Wikipedia logo
I've created a combination of the Firefox and Wikipedia logo. Feel free to use it how/where you want. -- BRIAN  0918   02:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Parody works
http://spreadinternetexplorer.com should be mentioned in this article as a parody

Other ads
Should there not be at least a mention that the NYT campaign that resulted in the two page ad inspired other ads, such as the one that appeared in Germany's Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung? --JohnDBuell 01:29, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

teams
Teams were also created for LHC@Home ALPHA and Seti@Home BETA.

Spread IE
- an anon deleted the explanation that spreadinternetexplorer.com is a parody site and examples, claiming it's "not neutral". I fail to see how this can be made "more neutral". SIE is a parody, and the examples given are basically the only content it's composed of. - Sikon 05:57, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It was added by me, not the SIE team. And it does have a lot to do with SFX. It's a parody of SFX, after all. - Sikon 12:15, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It's a parody of SFX, but what does that tell me about SFX? It's not like P.Diddy's article should say "Oh, and Weird Al parodied him by the way" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.117.19.131 (talk • contribs)
 * Well if you been to some sites or forums, you would have noticed the spamming of FireFox fanboys trying to get you to switch to FireFox. this site is probally created to reflect that. Note that the user 69.117.19.131 chose to edit the artical internet exploter diff I think it reflects his opinion of FireFox and is clearly bias Af648 00:07, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spread Firefox


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Buick Terraza

The Buick Terraza is a five-door minivan marketed by Buick from 2005 to 2007 model years as a luxury crossover sport van. The Terraza was a badge engineered variant of the Chevrolet, Pontiac, and Saturn minivans sharing the U platform; (Uplander, Montana SV6, and Relay respectively), all manufactured in Doraville, Georgia.

Design
The Terraza retailed at US$28,110 in 2005 ($0 in dollars ), and debuted with one engine, a 3.5 L High Value V6 generating 200 hp (149 kW) and 220 lb·ft (298 N·m) of torque. For 2006, a 3.9 L LZ9 V6, with 240 hp (179 kW) and 240 lb·ft (332 Nm) torque. The Terraza offered leather seats, and faux wood trim on the center stack, offered also on the steering wheel and gear shift knob.

For 2007, the 3.5 L V6 was dropped, leaving the 3.9 L as the base engine. Consequently, the optional AWD system was also dropped. A flex-fuel version of the 3.9 L V6 also became available for the Terraza's third season. The 2007 Terraza equipped with side airbags scored a "good" in the frontal offset and an "acceptable" in the side impact Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) crash tests.

Year-by-year changes

 * 2005 • Buick introduces the Terraza, its first minivan for the North-American market. The Terraza was available in two trim lines: entry-level CX (FWD or AWD) and top-of-the-line CXL (FWD or AWD).
 * 2006 • The 3.5 L V6 could now be upgraded to a 3.9 (in FWD only) LZ9 V6 engine. Second row seat-mounted side airbags were now an option.
 * 2007 • The Terraza's last year, and all-wheel drive models were dropped. For 2007, the 3.9 L V6 was the only engine offered, however it was available with a flex-fuel option. More standard features were offered on the new CX Plus model, which slotted between the CX and CXL. The Terraza was removed from Buick's website in early fall 2007.

Discontinuation
The Terraza was discontinued after the 2007 model year, the GM's Doraville plant closed on 26 September 2008, and the last Terraza was assembled in June 2007.

title: Buick Terraza


text:
Sandusky (locomotive)

Sandusky was the name of a steam railroad locomotive, a 4-2-0, built in the United States. This locomotive included engineering features that hadn't been used before in locomotive construction and it played an integral role in the railroad history of Ohio.

History
Sandusky was the first locomotive built by Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor; it was completed in 1837. Thomas Rogers, the manufacturing company's founder, designed the locomotive. While some references cite Sandusky as the first locomotive built in the United States, the Best Friend of Charleston is more widely accepted as the first; the Best Friend of Charleston was built in 1831.

The Sandusky, however, was the first locomotive to feature counterweights in its driving wheels to offset the force of the piston stroke and the combined weight of the axle, wheels and piston rod against the railroad track. Rogers filed a patent for the engine's counterbalance on July 12, 1837. Sandusky also featured the first use of hollow oval-shaped spokes in its driving wheels.

While Sandusky was built for the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company, that railroad never actually purchased the engine. It was eventually sold to the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad (MR&LE), the first railroad built in Ohio. Through this purchase, Sandusky earned a couple more firsts — it became the first locomotive to cross the Allegheny Mountains (although this crossing was made by river ferry and not by rail) and it was the first locomotive to operate in Ohio. Its transportation to Ohio was supervised by Thomas Hogg. The Sandusky pulled the first train on the MR&LE from Sandusky to Bellevue.

Timeline

 * October 3 or October 6, 1837: The Sandusky makes its first trial run between Paterson, Jersey City, and New Brunswick New Jersey. Some references cite October 3 while others cite October 6 as the locomotive's first trial operations.
 * October 14, 1837: The Mad River & Lake Erie railroad purchases Sandusky.
 * December 2, 1837: Sandusky makes its first run on the MR&LE in Ohio.

title: Sandusky (locomotive)


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Itobi

Itobi is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 7,852 (2020 est.) in an area of 139 km2. Its elevation is 658m. The name Itobi is derived from the Tupi–Guarani, and means "green river". The town was initially called Vila Nova do Rio Verde but was renamed Itobi in 1898. It became an independent municipality in 1959, when it was separated from Casa Branca.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itobi


text: Talk:Sandusky (locomotive)

title: Talk:Sandusky (locomotive)


text: Category:Roman sites of Emilia-Romagna

title: Category:Roman sites of Emilia-Romagna


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Itu, São Paulo

Itu is a historic municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population was 175,568 as of 2020, in an area of 640.72 km2. The elevation is 583 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language, meaning big waterfall. Two rivers flow through Itu: Tietê and Jundiaí. Itu has five hospitals, eleven bank agencies and one shopping center, the Plaza Shopping Itu.

Itu was founded in 1610 by bandeirante Domingos Fernandes. It became a parish in 1653. In 1657, it was elevated to a town and municipality. It became a part of Brazil in 1822. It became a city in 1843.

Geography
Its climate is subtropical, temperatures varies from 16° and 22°. The summer is warm and dry, and the winters are moderately cold and dry.

It is located between the crystalline plateau and sedimentary areas.

Population history
According to the 2000 IBGE Census, the population was 136,366, of which 123,942 are urban and 11,424 are rural. The average life expectancy was 71.53 years. The literacy rate was at 92.53%.

Transportation
The main roads passing through the municipality are:
 * SP-75
 * SP-79
 * SP-300
 * SP-308
 * SP-312

Tourism
Itu was the birthplace of nationally-known comedian Simplicio, whose catchphrase was "back home in Itu everything is bigger". This led to the city becoming known as the "capital of large things", with a number of oversized objects being constructed there. The town's "exaggerations" include a 4m tall yellow pay phone called "orelhão", an oversized street light, a giant car tire (which was set on fire) and a mast decorated with a star, claimed to be the world's tallest artificial Christmas tree.

With the increase in domestic tourism the infrastructure soon developed to attract foreign visitors as well as international meetings, seminars and congress events. In 1999 and 2003 the Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement held their international delegation session in Itu bringing people from over 80 countries to the city at each event.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Notable people

 * Marcelo Chierighini, swimmer
 * Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg (born 1940) is a Brazilian diplomat, at the United Nations (2003–2007), and politician

Sister cities - twin towns
Itu is twinned with:

🇧🇷 Salto, Brazil

title: Itu, São Paulo


text:
User talk:Aviationrange

Airplane compass turns
Hi Aviationrange. Is there a particular reason why you removed the notice from the page Airplane compass turns, and replace it with a non-existent template link? Do you disagree that the page requires wikification? --Lancevortex 16:04, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aviationrange


text: User talk:82.108.114.18

title: User talk:82.108.114.18


text:
Itupeva

Itupeva is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 64,330 (2021 est.) in an area of 201 km2. The elevation is 675 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itupeva


text: User talk:209.158.180.206

title: User talk:209.158.180.206


text:
Ituverava

Ituverava is a city located in the São Paulo state, in Brazil. The population is 37.571 (2022 est.) in an area of 705 km2.

Geography
It is located in the north region of São Paulo state, at a distance of 410 km from the capital of São Paulo State, and with an altitude of 605 meters.

Economy
The economy is predominantly agricultural, based on the cultivation of sugar cane. As a micro region polo, it has a relative strong trade and advanced service sector mainly based on medicine services.

The industrial sector has changed a little during the last decades as the cotton and soybeans crops had gone to agricultural frontiers as Mato Grosso and Goias and the sugarcane reconfigured the north of São Paulo. The agriculture raw material transformation industry that had gone with the soybeans and cotton crops (Maeda) gave place to some consumption and chemicals industries (Santa Maria,of Rubinho, Vittia,of Wilsinho, Vasbrás,of Marquin Jacinto and UPL).

History
The town was founded in the beginning of the 19th century, and grew around a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Nossa Senhora do Carmo). In 1847 it became a district of the municipality Franca, under the name Carmo de Franca. It became an independent municipality in 1885. In 1899 the name was changed to Ituverava, which is Tupi–Guarani for "shining waterfall".

title: Ituverava


text:
Itápolis

Itápolis is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 43,331 (2020 est.) in an area of 997 km².

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Sports
Oeste is the city's football (soccer) team. The club plays their home matches at Estádio dos Amaros, which has a maximum capacity of 16,143 people.

Twin towns

 * 🇮🇹 Pomezia, Italy

title: Itápolis


text:
Tokyo Jihen

Tokyo Jihen (東京事変), also known as Tokyo Incidents, is a Japanese rock band formed by Ringo Sheena, after leaving her solo career. The band's debut single "Gunjō Biyori" was released in September 2004, and they ended activities in February 2012. The band sold 2.3 million albums, singles, and DVDs. The band reunited and released a new single on January 1, 2020.

Origins (2003)
Tokyo Jihen started as Ringo Sheena's backing band at first for her last concert tour before ending the first half of her solo career. Sheena was contemplating working with a band while working on her last solo album, Kalk Samen Kuri no Hana. She began looking for members of her backing band to support her solo tour "Sugoroku Ecstasy" in the Autumn of 2003. The tour band was introduced as Tokyo Jihen during the tour for the first time, featuring guitarist Mikio Hirama, pianist H Zett M, drummer Toshiki Hata, and familiar bassist Seiji Kameda. The musicians she selected became the core of what would become Tokyo Jihen.

After the tour, she announced that she would stop her solo career to join "Tokyo Jihen" as a full-fledged member.

"Phase 1" era and its end (2004–2005)
On May 31, 2004, the members of the Tokyo Jihen declared that they worked as a permanent band. On July 24, they appeared in the presence of fans at the live 0724 Yamabikari for the first time. They played some live sets during that year's Fuji Rock Festival, and made their major debut with the single "Gunjō Biyori" on September 8. Tokyo Jihen released one album and two singles, and held their first concert tour -Tokyo Jihen live tour 2005 "dynamite!"-.

On July 1, 2005, it was announced during the tour that keyboardist H ZETT M and guitarist Mikio Hirama would leave Tokyo Jihen. H ZETT M returned to his duties as pianist for PE'Z, and Hirama went back to being a solo singer. It was decided that they would withdraw from the band before the "dynamite!" tour started.

After the departure of the band's former guitarist and keyboardist, Sheena began a search for new members. She was going to have at least a keyboard player join because two people left the band at the same time. H ZETT M recommended his friend and former bandmate, Keitaro Izawa, as a substitute for him to Sheena, but she began visiting music clubs to look for other keyboardists. In the end she found no one who was better than Izawa, and Sheena decided to invite him to join. He assumed the stage name of Ichiyo Izawa during his time with the band.

The search for a new guitarist proved more difficult. Sheena approached several guitarists as potential members, but was turned down by all of them, possibly because they disliked the idea of being considered her "backing band". At worst, she planned to choose a different guitarist each time without having a regular guitarist. However, when the other members listened to the first Tokyo Jihen album Kyōiku demos, the situation changed. All of them were pleased with the demo session guitarist and asked Sheena his name. This guitarist was Ryosuke Nagaoka, who assumed the stage name of Ukigumo after joining Tokyo Jihen. Sheena and Ukigumo had been friends since her days as a soloist. He turned down the offer to join Tokyo Jihen at first, but finally accepted just before recording began for Adult.

With so many members replaced, Sheena considered changing the name of the band, but decided against it in the end.

In September 2005, keyboardist Ichiyō Izawa and guitarist Ukigumo formally joined Tokyo Jihen. The lineup including the former members subsequently came to be called Dai-Ikki (第一期), with the current one referred to as Dai-Niki (第二期).

Beginning of "Phase 2" (2006–2007)
The band's second album "Adult", released on January 25, 2006, went to number one on the Oricon charts, a first for the band. They held two concerts, entitled "DOMESTIC! Virgin LINE", at Nippon Budokan Hall and Osaka-jo Hall in February as the new members debut. A nationwide tour, "DOMESTIC!" Just can't help it followed later the same year.

In the latter half of 2006, Sheena produced the film score of the movie Sakuran, on which three of the other four band members (excluding Hata, who had broken his leg) collaborated.

Following the 2007 release of two singles, "O.S.C.A." and "Killer-tune", and an album, Variety, the first release not containing any compositions by Sheena, they embarked on the concert tour "Tokyo Jihen live tour 2007 Spa & Treatment" to promote the album.

Members' activities outside Tokyo Jihen (2008–2009)
The music video for "Killer-tune" won the Best Technical Works Video category in the March 15, 2008 Space Shower Music Video Awards 08 by Space Shower TV.

As 2008 marked the 10th anniversary of Sheena's professional debut, she resumed solo activities as "Ringo Sheena" for the first time since the formation of Tokyo Jihen. She participated in the summer Rising Sun Rock Festival both as a soloist and as a member of Tokyo Jihen. The activity of Tokyo Jihen was thus restricted during this period.

In 2009, Sheena continued her solo activity from the previous year with the release of a new solo album, her first since 2003's Kalk Samen Kuri no Hana, in June. During the same period, Ukigumo and Izawa resumed activities with their respective bands. Kameda returned to his work as a producer, overseeing several top ten releases, and Hata participated in the recording and subsequent tour for Fujifabric's new album. Sheena, Ukigumo, and Izawa were all involved in the production of Rie Tomosaka's album Toridori the same year. Ukigumo and Izawa joined Tomosaka's promotional tour as part of her backing band.

On May 25, 2009, it was announced that Izawa had joined "The Hiatus", a new band formed by former Ellegarden member Takeshi Hosomi. They defined The Hiatus as "a project of music, arts, and depicters" on the band's official site. Izawa was listed as a tour member on the site, and took part in their "Trash We'd Love Tour 2009". Izawa also held some concerts with Hosomi as "Hosomi Ichiyō" (細美一葉) from October to December.

On December 2, 2009, Tokyo Jihen released the single "Nōdōteki Sanpunkan", their first in two years, and resumed their activity as a band full-time. They appeared as part of the lineup of the December 30, 2009 Countdown Japan 09/10.

Final years and dissolution (2010–2012)
The fourth album Sports, released on February 24, 2010, won the 1st place in Oricon chart after an interval of four years. The nationwide tour "Tokyo Incident live tour 2010 UltraC" started in March.

The fifth album Dai Hakken was released on June 29, 2011, and the nationwide tour "Tokyo Incident live tour 2011 Discovery" started in September 30.

On January 11, 2012, Ringo Sheena announced their break up on their official site. Their last original release, a mini-album entitled Color Bars, was released on January 18, 2012. A live best of album, Tokyo Collection, and a concert DVD and Blu-ray release of their "Discovery Tour" went on sale on February 15. Tokyo Jihen's embarked on a final tour, entitled "Domestique Bon Voyage", which included Yokohama Arena (February 14–15), Osaka-jo Hall (February 21–22), and Tokyo's Nippon Budokan (February 28–29).

The band officially dissolved on February 29, 2012, after their sold-out final Budokan concert. On June 15, an announcement on Sheena's official site, Kronekodow, revealed that Tokyo Jihen would release one final album, Shin'ya Waku (The Edge of Late Night), and DVD/Blu-ray video, Chin Play Kou Play (Strange Plays and Great Plays) in August of that year. The album, a collection of B-sides, included the previously unreleased-on-CD "Handsome Sugite" and one new song, "Tadanaranu Kankei". The video contained highlights from the band's best live performances along with festival appearances and rare material.

After dissolution
On December 31, 2016, when Sheena Ringo participated in the 67th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen, Tokyo Jihen played as her backing band. However, the band's name was not written in the credits. Ukigumo and H Zett M have been regular collaborators with Sheena, playing on recorded work and in backing bands on her live tours.

Reunion
On January 1, 2020, Tokyo Jihen released a surprise digital single, "Erabarezaru Kokumin", and announced a tour of Japan titled "Live Tour 2020 News Flash", beginning February 29. In February, the band announced their 5-song EP News would be released on April 8, 2020. Their sixth studio album Ongaku (音楽, Music) was released on June 9, 2021.

Phase 2 members
Ringo Sheena (椎名 林檎)
 * Active: 2003–2012 2019–present
 * Instruments: Lead vocals, Electric guitar, Acoustic guitar, Piano, Electronic keyboards, Melodica, Kazoo
 * Real name: Yumiko Shiina (椎名 裕美子)
 * Sheena is an acclaimed singer-songwriter who has enjoyed enormous popularity since her debut at the age of 18.
 * She is the founder and the leader of the group, and initially wrote almost all their songs, but later shared songwriting duties with the other band members.

Seiji Kameda (亀田 誠治)
 * Active: 2003–2012 2019–present
 * Instruments: Bass guitar, Upright bass, Electric upright bass
 * Kameda is a music producer and music arranger for many Japanese musicians.
 * Kameda is also a famous session bassist. He participates in many musicians' recording, or plays a bass as a member of various solo singers' backing band. He is a bassist of Bank Band since 2005.
 * Kameda knew Ringo Sheena before her debut, and he has supported her since then. Ringo Sheena calls him "Shisho", meaning master or teacher. He rose to fame along with her and became a famous producer, but he concentrates on playing a bass guitar in Tokyo Jihen.
 * Musicians he has produced include Angela Aki, Yui Aragaki, Ayaka, Chara, Chatmonchy, Do As Infinity, Elephant Kashimashi, Flow, Fujifabric, Ayaka Hirahara, Ken Hirai, Ikimono-gakari, Juju, Nico Touches the Walls, Plastic Tree, Shota Shimizu, Spitz, Shikao Suga, Hiroshi Takano, The Boom, Lucifer, and Wise.

Toshiki Hata (刄田 綴色)
 * Active: 2003–2012 2019–present
 * Instruments: Drums, Percussion
 * Real name: Toshiki Hata (畑 利樹)
 * Hata had drummed as session musician and tour musician for various artists, including Mika Nakashima (2002, 2004, 2005), Dreams Come True (2008 in recording), and Fujifabric (2009). He was also a member of a band headed by Junpei Shiina (椎名 純平), Sheena's elder brother.
 * Hata frequently plays as a support member of his former band Scoop, as well as forming the band Kotoho (コトホ) with Hideaki Yamazaki, another ex-Scoop member and current bassist for School Food Punishment.

Ukigumo (浮雲)
 * Active: 2005–2012 2019–present
 * Instruments: Electric guitar, Acoustic guitar, Backing vocals, Rapping
 * Real name: Ryosuke Nagaoka (長岡 亮介)
 * Ukigumo is an old friend of Sheena's. He has also played music with Junpei Shiina before, as well as Hata and Tabu Zombie of Soil & "Pimp" Sessions; he also played on Sheena's fourth solo album, Sanmon Gossip. He gave Sheena advice when the former members of Tokyo Jihen left the band.
 * He has his own band, Petrolz (ペトロールズ).

Ichiyō Izawa (伊澤 一葉)
 * Active: 2005–2012 2019–present
 * Instruments: Piano, Electronic keyboards, Electric guitar, Background Vocals
 * Real name: Keitaro Izawa (伊澤 啓太郎)
 * Izawa and former Tokyo Jihen pianist HZM are alumni of the Kunitachi College of Music, and have been in a band together before.
 * He has his own band, Appa (あっぱ), and has more recently played with the band The Hiatus as a tour member.

Phase 1 members
H Zett M (H是都M)
 * Active: 2003–2005
 * Instruments: Piano, Electronic keyboards, Background Vocals
 * Real name: Masayuki Hiizumi (ヒイズミ マサユ機)
 * HZM is a core member of the Japanese instrumental jazz band PE'Z, which made their major debut before the formation of Tokyo Jihen.
 * After the release of Tokyo Jihen's first album, he decided to leave to devote himself to PE'Z full-time.

Mikio Hirama (ヒラマ ミキオ (晝海 幹音))
 * Active: 2003–2005
 * Instruments: Guitars, Background Vocals
 * Real name: Mikio Hirama (平間 幹央)
 * Nickname: Micky
 * Hirama had released two mini-albums on indie labels as a solo musician, and was also in the band "peppermints kiss cafe" as a guitarist at the time he joined Tokyo Jihen.
 * Sheena had met him before at an audition, and subsequently searched for him in hopes of adding him to the band.
 * After the release of Tokyo Jihen's first album, he decided to return to his career as a solo musician.

Producers
Uni Inoue (井上 雨迩)
 * Main occupation: Audio engineer
 * Inoue has produced all of Sheena Ringo's works since her second album. Sheena calls him "the sixth member".

Naming of members
The real names of Hirama and Hata are "平間 幹央" and "畑 利樹" respectively, but, Ringo Sheena gave them stage names, using Kanji which is not usually used for their names, but as they are the phonetic equivalent, the pronunciation is not changed. Since Ryosuke Nagaoka always drifted unsteadily and nobody knew where he would go, Sheena named Nagaoka "Ukigumo" which means the drifting cloud. Sheena planned to give Keitaro Izawa a stage name, but he refused and chose one for himself, Ichiyō Izawa.

Songwriting
The band members have different writing styles. Sheena Ringo and Ichiyo Izawa write their songs using musical notation. Seiji Kameda uses different methods, recording himself humming, using musical instruments, or using a computer. Ukigumo, on the other hand, cannot write musical notation, Izawa or (less frequently) Sheena transcribe his tunes in the studio. Since Ukigumo writes music without considering a song, it is hard for Sheena to put the words to his music, so he often writes the lyrics to his own songs. Finally, Toshiki Hata stubbornly refused to write music, even declining to write lyrics when Sheena asked him to. He finally did contribute one song to the band's last EP before their split, Color Bars, and the first EP since their reunion, News.

Concerts and tours
Tours
 * Dynamite! (2005)
 * Domestic! Virgin Line (2006)
 * Domestic! Just Can't Help It (2006)
 * Spa & Treatment (2007)
 * Ultra C (2010)
 * Discovery (2011)
 * Domestique Bon Voyage (2012)
 * News Flash (2020)

Notable concerts and appearances
 * Sugoroku Ecstasy (2003)
 * Fuji Rock Festival (2004)
 * Sunset Live (2004)
 * Dai Ikkai Ringohan Taikai Adaruto Onrī (2005)
 * Society of the Citizens Vol. 1 (2006)
 * Countdown Japan 06/07 (2006)
 * Rising Sun Rock Festival (2008)
 * Society of the Citizens Vol. 2 (2008)
 * Countdown Japan 09/10 (2009)
 * EMI Rocks (2010 and 2012)
 * TV Asahi Dream Festival (2011)

Discography

 * Kyōiku (2004)
 * Adult (2006)
 * Variety (2007)
 * Sports (2010)
 * Dai Hakken (2011)
 * Music (2021)

title: Tokyo Jihen


text:
Layer Cake (film)

Layer Cake is a 2004 British crime film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his 2000 novel of the same name. The film was produced by Adam Bohling, David Reid and Vaughn, with Stephen Marks as executive producer. The title refers to the social strata, especially in the British criminal underworld. The film's plot revolves around a London-based criminal, played by Daniel Craig, who works in the cocaine trade and wishes to leave the drug business. The film also features Tom Hardy, Michael Gambon, Colm Meaney, and Sienna Miller. Craig's character is unnamed in the film and is listed in the credits as "XXXX".

Layer Cake grossed $11.9 million at the box office and received generally positive reviews from critics. Craig's performance in the film has often been cited as a major factor in his casting as James Bond in 2005.

Plot
The protagonist XXXX (otherwise unnamed) is a London cocaine distributor who abhors violence and operates with the care and professionalism of a legitimate businessman. His chief associates are his enforcer and partner Morty, and Gene, an Irish gangster who serves as his liaison to mob boss Jimmy Price. Just as XXXX is ready to retire from criminal life, he is summoned to a lunch meeting with Jimmy, who gives him two tasks.

The first is to track down Charlie, the drug-addicted runaway daughter of one of Price's associates. XXXX enlists the con men Cody and Tiptoes to find her; they learn that Charlie has apparently been kidnapped, but are unable to discover who abducted her.

The second task is for XXXX to oversee the purchase of one million ecstasy tablets from the "Duke", a low-level criminal who recently returned to London from Amsterdam with his girlfriend Slasher and crew of thugs led by his right-hand man Gazza. Unbeknownst to XXXX, the Duke and his crew have stolen the pills from a gang of Serbian war criminals. He meets the Duke's feckless nephew, Sidney, and finds himself attracted to his girlfriend Tammy. XXXX tries to broker the sale of the pills to Liverpool gangsters Trevor and Shanks but they refuse, informing him of their origin and that the vengeful Serbians have sent the assassin Dragan to recover the pills and kill the thieves. As the Duke had mentioned his name to the Serbians, XXXX is also a target.

XXXX arranges a tryst with Tammy but is kidnapped and brought to Eddie Temple, a wealthy crime lord. Eddie explains that Charlie is his daughter, whom he has recovered; Jimmy, having recently lost a fortune due to bad investments he blames on Eddie, wanted her as a hostage until Eddie recouped his losses. Eddie gives XXXX a recording, revealing that Jimmy has been working as an informant for Scotland Yard, planning to betray XXXX to the police once the pills were sold in exchange for immunity for his own crimes and XXXX's money. Eddie demands that XXXX sell him the pills instead.

XXXX assassinates Jimmy at his home, but later finds that his accountant, an associate of Jimmy's, has vanished along with XXXX's money. Confronted by Gene and Morty, he shares the evidence of Jimmy's betrayal, and the pair acknowledge him as the new acting boss. Gene shows them the corpse of the Duke, who was killed by one of his men when Slasher threatened to go to the police if Jimmy did not help them out of their situation. XXXX hires a hitman to ambush and kill Dragan, but Dragan kills the hitman first and makes XXXX promise to recover the pills.

Sidney brings XXXX to Duke's old hideout, and, as he tries to bargain with Gazza for the pills, the police arrive. XXXX and the Duke's gang barely escape the raid, while Dragan watches from afar as the pills are confiscated. However, it turns out that XXXX arranged for the raid, with Cody and Tiptoes posing as officers to secure the pills. XXXX delivers the Duke's severed head to Dragan as a peace offering; satisfied, Dragan reports to the Serbians that the police have seized the drugs. The Serbians accept the loss, which is revealed to be a small amount in comparison to their overall manufacturing capacity.

When XXXX and his crew arrive at Eddie's warehouse to sell the pills as arranged, Eddie's henchmen relieve them of the drugs at gunpoint, and Eddie welcomes him to the "layer cake" of criminal hierarchy. Having anticipated this double-cross, XXXX arranges Trevor and Shanks to gun down Eddie's men in an armed robbery, take the drugs, and sell them via Dizzy so he can settle his accounts. The gang assembles for lunch at the Stoke Park Country Club, honouring their new boss, but XXXX declines their offer of leadership and follows up on his initial plan to retire. With Tammy on his arm, he leaves the club, but is shot by a jilted yet apologetic Sidney. He collapses, bleeding on the steps.

Production
Filming began in June 2003. Queen's Gate Mews in South Kensington, London, was used as the filming location for the home of Daniel Craig's main character.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack from Layer Cake comprises 14 tracks.

 * 1) "Hayling" – FC Kahuna
 * 2) "Opening" – Ilan Eshkeri and Steve McLaughlin
 * 3) "She Sells Sanctuary" – The Cult
 * 4) "Can't Get You Out of My Head" (Original Radio Edit) – Kylie Minogue
 * 5) "You Got the Love" (Original bootleg radio mix) – The Source feat. Candi Staton
 * 6) "Drive to the Boatyard" – Ilan Eshkeri
 * 7) "Junky Fight" – Lisa Gerrard
 * 8) "Making Plans for Nigel" – XTC
 * 9) "Ordinary World" – Duran Duran
 * 10) "Ruthless Gravity" – Craig Armstrong
 * 11) "Four to the Floor" (Soulsavers Mix) – Starsailor
 * 12) "Drive to the Warehouse" – Ilan Eshkeri and Lisa Gerrard
 * 13) "Aria" (Layer Cake Speech) – Lisa Gerrard with Michael Gambon
 * 14) "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood" – Joe Cocker

The Rolling Stones song "Gimme Shelter" also features in the film but does not appear on the soundtrack album.

Home media
Layer Cake was released on DVD and VHS on 23 August 2005 and on Blu-ray in 2007. It was also re-released in 2014.

Reception and legacy
Layer Cake received positive reviews, with an 81% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and an average of 7.1/10 based on 142 reviews. The critical consensus states that it is "A stylized, electric British crime thriller". On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 73% based on 30 reviews.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked, "The movie was directed by Matthew Vaughn, who produced Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and Snatch, and this one works better than those films because it doesn't try so hard to be clever and tries harder to be menacing". Of Craig's performance, he said, "Craig is fascinating here as a criminal who is very smart, and finds that it is not an advantage because while you might be able to figure out what another smart person is about to do, dumbos like the men he works for are likely to do anything". He gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle remarked on the "efficient, gripping story" and wrote that Craig's performance as an improvising, "intelligent amateur" contained the "cool-yet-humble vibe of Steve McQueen". Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave it a grade A, calling it a "Fast, convulsive, and densely exciting new British gangster thriller". Leslie Felperin of Variety wrote: "There's a proper lived-in believability about Layer Cake's depiction of how the worlds of the rich, the criminal and the criminally rich intersect."

Craig's starring role in the film has been cited as the performance that led to his high-profile casting as James Bond.

Future
Jason Statham's production company is said to have the rights to produce a sequel, entitled Viva La Madness with Statham taking the lead role from Craig. On 17 September 2015, it was reported that Viva La Madness will be a TV show for Gaumont International Television.

title: Layer Cake (film)


text: Category:Roman sites in Wales

title: Category:Roman sites in Wales


text:
Talk:Wei Wei (male writer)

Untitled
Hi, I am the founder of this page and i am also a JMSC0101 student. I noticed the problem and i am eager to solve it as i also don't whether i should continue to edit this page or not. Unfortunately, I have no idea of how to merge the 2 pages. Is there anyone can help? By the way, is it that we will use Wei Wei instead of Wei wei?

Is the founder of the page "Wei Wei" a member od JMSC0101? If so, I'd like to say there is another page called "Wei wei"! If the founder of that page is also a student of JMSC0101, that would be overlapping! I'm a student of the course mentioned above. I couldn't add things to the page because I don't know which is the right page~ Please give me some guidance a.s.a.p. Thx a lot~

 * You're right, we have a duplicate article here. I have put merge notices on both articles; unfortunately, I have no idea which capitalization is correct, so I don't know which article should be kept... -- Ferkelparade π 16:44, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hello! Nice to hear from you, my groupmate. Unfortunately I have made my contribution to another article about Wei Wei. And it seems the founder of that article did not know this problem yet. If you can ,please help merge the two. I just try to merge them but the process is again very complicated ( for me only may be ). I don't know where should I start. May be you can help.

I just want to know how we can distinguish each other in this 'discussion' page because I don't really know who's talking to who here. I don't even know how to place my user name at the end of what I've just sad like user Ferkelparade did. Thank you very much for helping me solve this problem!

 * Hi,
 * to sing a talk page entry with your user name, just put 3 tilde signs (~) at the end like this: (or four tilde sings (~) to include time and date).

 * As for the duplicate articles, we just have to settle on one of the two articles (Wei wei or Wei Wei) and put all the information we have in one of the articles, then we can redirect the other one to the merged article (to do that, just replace the article's text with #REDIRECT Target Article ). As I said, I don't know how Chinese names are usually capitalized, but I guess Wei Wei woud be the correct title (after all, standard English spelling is Mao Zedong, with both parts of the name capitalized). Oh, and by the way, welcome to Wikipedia :) -- Ferkelparade π 22:40, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi there my groupmates from JMSC 0101. I've just noticed the problem, and i agree that we should stick to using Wei Wei. 0101LINdy

 * I've tried to put the two together. Please see if this is satisfied. And I propose we all use Chinese Big 5 to achieve coherency.

Thank you very much Ferkelparade! 0101LIUyf 16:56, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

HI there this is 0101HOcc am experiencing problems when trying to edit the first paragraph ~ help help

What's the problem?0101LIUyf 16:07, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

i am sure u guys received email from miss li.... We are now way behind other groups and miss li also mentioned this in the tutoial class. So we MUST put more effort in it although i understand that it's really hard to find info about wei wei. Let's try our best and we are a team, right? :) have a nice day (0101YEUNGyl)

Yes I totally agree with Yeung! =) I think we need to work in a more organised way. That is we should avoid doing duplicated abortive work. I will go to the HKU Library to search for books, wisenews, ebnews related to Wei Wei today (12/10/2004). And I'll go to baidu and search engines to search for info about Wei Wei. It is very hard to look for information~wei wei that is related to JOURNALISM. Ms Li where can we find those Journalism information? Thanks 0101HOcc

Have you guys search through Baidu, google, search?????????????? MAke sure we got everything from the web If not please do. While I find books on wei wei 0101HOcc

I've just done some proof-reading and made some changes over some grammatical stuff but I forgot to log in in advance...0101LIUyf 17:55, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Why would there be another Wei wei page again? 0101LIUyf 16:24, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Tips
Guys... To begin a new message, click the "+" sign, which is next to the "Edit this page" link. Or use "==Subject==" to create a new message. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 05:02, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

Hello I want to ask whether the content page can be edited or not? (0101TSEfh)

style corrections
I did some minor formatting changes (removed unnecessary  tags, removed numbers from lists, reformatted the opening paragraph etc) in accordance with the Manual of Style. One more comment: almost all of Wei Wei's works are only mentioned with their Chinese titles. It might be a good idea to supply English translations of these titles; otherwise, people who don't have Chinese fonts installed will just see long lists of question marks :P -- Ferkelparade π 12:47, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Participation in the Project
Hello, Guys!

It seems that not many of our groupmates had participated in this project. Hope those who still did not join will soon join us. Besides, we have to do some editing coz some information had been repeating.

Best Regards, 0101HUNGmm

Problems encountered
1) I borrowed a few books about Wei wei and there's a comprehensive list of the prose, poetry that he has written. But the problem is, I don't know how to type chinese and I don't know how to translate those chinese titles into English. Can I give the books to one of you?

0101HOcc

Edit edit edit edit edit edit edit
I cannot emphasize this more. Many of your entry need translation work, otherwise it reads like jibberish to English speakers. Keep at it! (JMSC0101 TA - Li) Lfcho 16:09, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

how to translate?
0101HOcc

Style
Although this article is comprehensive, it seems to be rather awkwardly written (not to mention overly verbose), so I'm going to edit it down, hope there are no objections. Karajanis 21:11, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wei Wei (male writer)


text:
Dickon Edwards

Dickon Edwards (born Richard Edwards; 3 September 1971), also known as Dickon Angel, is a London-based indie pop musician and diarist. He was a founding member of the bands Orlando and Fosca, and briefly played guitar in the band Spearmint.

He has kept a blog called The Diary at the Centre of the Earth since 8 December 1997 (predating the 1999 coining of the term "blog" - he terms it an "online diary"). Excerpts from the blog were included in Travis Elborough and Nick Rennison's A London Year and in the follow-up title A Traveller's Year.

In March 2008 he released a printed collection of lyrics titled The Portable Dickon Edwards, which was released in a limited edition alongside Fosca's The Painted Side of the Rocket album.

In 2021, Edwards completed a PhD on Ronald Firbank and the Legacy of Camp Modernism at Birkbeck College, University of London.

Personal life
Known for his dandy aesthetic, Dickon has peroxide blonde hair and is often seen in a white, blue, or silver-grey three-piece suit, the silver-grey suit being a bequest from fellow London dandy Sebastian Horsley. Edwards is a son of the quiltmaker and author Lynne Edwards MBE, and the cartoonist Brian "Bib" Edwards. His brother was the Adam Ant guitarist, Tom Edwards.

title: Dickon Edwards


text:
Orlando (band)

Orlando (styled Orlando) were an English Romo band of the 1990s. They were one of seven core Romo acts featured by Melody Maker in their guide to the Romo scene and were subsequently cited as being "figureheads" of the scene. As well as substantial coverage in Melody Maker, the band also received press coverage from the NME, Select Smash Hits and Penthouse UK.

The band consisted of Dickon Edwards, Tim Chipping, Neil Turner, Mike Austen and David Gray. Musically, Orlando combined the synthesised dance-pop of 1990s boybands and American swingbeat acts with verbose lyrics in the general style of Morrissey and Richey Edwards.

Career
Orlando first played live on the London indie circuit as a generic alternative rock band in 1993–1994. They later withdrew from the scene to reinvent themselves as an "alienated" white soul duo consisting of Chipping and Edwards plus sidemen Turner and Austen. In early 1995, they issued the EP Reproduction Is Pollution under the name Shelley on Sarah Records. The band approached founding Romo clubnight Club Skinny in Camden to relaunch themselves as a live act. David Gray, synth programmer for fellow Romo band Hollywood (and formerly their drummer in their previous incarnation as punk trio Xerox Girls) later become Orlando's live drummer while Club Skinny co-promoter Paul "Hi Fi" Nugent became the band's manager.

In March 1996, the band's song "Nature's Hated" was included in Melody Maker's covermount cassette Fiddling While Romo Burns and a single track CD was put on sale at dates of the similarly named Romo package tour in which Orlando participated. In the summer of that year Orlando released their first single, "Just for a Second." In Autumn of that year they released the Magic EP which achieved No. 96 on the UK Singles Chart. A new version of "Nature's Hated", the group's third single, was released in 1997, and they also contributed a cover of Tim Hardin's "How Can We Hang on to a Dream" to the soundtrack of the film Fever Pitch.

In September 1997, the band released their album, Passive Soul, through the label Blanco y Negro. It made both the Melody Maker and Gay Times albums of the year list The album is now hard to find and commands upwards of £30 on the collectors market.

Shortly after the release of the album, Edwards left the band to form Fosca, who released three albums between 2000 and 2008. Chipping took over as lyricist and the new Orlando recorded a second album Sick Folk with a new folk music sound. Orlando disbanded in spring 2000 with the album still unreleased. In 2002, Chipping uploaded six songs from Sick Folk to his own website.

Chipping later embarked on an acting career; his credits included playing a gay Star Trek fan, in cosplay as Mr Spock, in the BBC comedy series Little Britain. In 2012, in his capacity as Music Editor of the website Holy Moly, Chipping was appointed as a Pundit by the BBC for their Sound of 2012.

Discography
The discography of Orlando consists of one studio album, five singles/EPs, three music videos and one original appearance on another release.

An out-takes compilation and part of an unreleased second studio album have been made available posthumously as downloads.

Album

 * Passive Soul, Blanco Y Negro (1997)

 * 1) "Introduction"
 * 2) "Furthest Point Away"
 * 3) "Just For A Second"
 * 4) "Nature's Hated"
 * 5) "On Dry Land"
 * 6) "Contained"
 * 7) "Afraid Again"
 * 8) "Happily Unhappy"
 * 9) "Don't Sleep Alone"
 * 10) "Save Yourself"
 * 11) "Three Letters"
 * 12) "Here (So Find Me)"
 * 13) "Hero" (bonus track - acoustic version)

Singles/EPs

 * Reproduction Is Pollution EP (credited as Shelley), Sarah Records (1995)
 * 1) "Reproduction Is Pollution"
 * 2) "Prejudice"
 * 3) "Hero" (original full band version)
 * "Nature's Hated" (tour promotional single) (1996)
 * 1) "Nature's Hated" (first version)
 * "Just for a Second", Blanco Y Negro (1996)
 * 1) "Just For A Second"
 * 2) "Something To Write Home About"
 * 3) "The Trouble With You" (interview with backing music)
 * The Magic EP, Blanco Y Negro (1996) - UK No. 96
 * 1) "Don't Kill My Rage"
 * 2) "Fatal"
 * 3) "Contained"
 * 4) "Up Against It"
 * "Nature's Hated", Blanco Y Negro (1997)
 * 1) "Nature's Hated"
 * 2) "Someday Soon"
 * 3) "You've Got The Answer Wrong"
 * 4) "Nature's Hated" (first version)

Downloads

 * Sick Folk (selected tracks from unreleased second album of same name)
 * 1) "Out of Harm's Way"
 * 2) "Where I'm from's Not Where I'm Going"
 * 3) "Where Will It All End?"
 * 4) "I'm Alright"
 * 5) "So Often the Way"
 * 6) "Free"
 * Some Debris from the Orlando Vaults (Passive Soul-era rarities)
 * 1) "Don't Sleep Alone" (GLR session)
 * 2) "Reach Out for Me" (BFBS session)
 * 3) "Acetone"
 * 4) "A Life's Aside"
 * 5) "Sidelined Youth"
 * 6) "The Theme from Orlando" (live concert introduction tape)
 * 7) Radio One Newsbeat interview

Compilation appearances

 * Fiddling While Romo Burns (compilation cassette included with Melody Maker 9 March 1996)
 * 1) "Nature's Hated" (first version)
 * Also includes tracks by Plastic Fantastic, DexDexTer, Hollywood and Viva

 * The Fever Pitch EP soundtrack, Blanco Y Negro (1997) - UK No. 65
 * 1) "How Can We Hang On to a Dream?"
 * Also includes tracks by the Pretenders, the La's and Nick Hornby

Video press kit
Orlando - A Popumentary 1995

Headlining
(An Orlando headline tour was booked for early 1997 but cancelled due to logistical issues. Support band Acacia nonetheless completed the schedule of bookings, upgraded to headline act.)
 * Fiddling While Romo Burns: Club Skinny/Arcadia on the March joint tour with Plastic Fantastic, Hollywood and DexDexTer, plus Viva on London LA2 date, rotating running order, March 1996, 10 dates

Opening act

 * Kenickie UK tours September–October 1996, January–February 1997

title: Orlando (band)


text: Category:Roman sites of Liguria

title: Category:Roman sites of Liguria


text:
Talk:Chinese English Pidgin

Um, why would we want "British" to point at "United States"??? Eric 16:16, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Presumably someone intended to write British and wasn't concentrating hard enough. Proteus (Talk) 16:19, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

shouldn't BUSINESS point at the wikitionary definition instead ofthe pedia article, and why are the meanings of the Chinese words in ruby? Isnt' ruby only for pinyin? 218.102.71.16 06:45, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chinese English Pidgin