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Mary Hanafin

Mary Hanafin (born 1 June 1959) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport from 2010 to 2011, Deputy leader of Fianna Fáil from January 2011 to March 2011, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Innovation from January 2011 to March 2011, Minister for Social and Family Affairs from 2008 to 2011, Minister for Education and Science from 2004 to 2008, Government Chief Whip from 2002 to 2004 and Minister of State for Children from 2000 to 2002. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency from 1997 to 2011.

She served as a Councillor on Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council, representing the Blackrock local electoral area from May 2014 to June 2024.

Early and personal life
Hanafin was born in Thurles, County Tipperary, in 1959. She is the daughter of Des Hanafin and Mona (nee Brady). Des Hanafin was a businessman and Fianna Fáil councillor, who later served as a Senator at various times for over twenty-five years between 1969 and 2002. Her brother John Hanafin was a member of Seanad Éireann from 2002 to 2011.

Hanafin was educated at the Presentation Convent in Thurles and St. Patrick's College in Maynooth, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree. She subsequently worked as a secondary school teacher, teaching Irish and History in the Dominican College Sion Hill in Blackrock, Dublin. Hanafin also obtained a diploma in legal studies at the Dublin Institute of Technology.

Hanafin married Eamon Leahy, a Senior Counsel, in 1985. He died suddenly on 17 July 2003, aged 46. The couple had no children.

Early political career
Hanafin was involved in politics from the age of 15. Her father Des Hanafin, as well as being a Senator for Fianna Fáil, was a founding member of the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) and a staunch opponent of contraception, abortion and divorce. She joined Ógra Fianna Fáil aged fifteen and spoke at her first Ard Fheis two years later. Hanafin first became involved in national politics in 1980 when, at the age of twenty-one, she was elected to the Fianna Fáil national executive, the party's ruling body.

She was elected to Dublin City Council at the 1985 local elections for the Rathmines local electoral area, but she unsuccessfully sought election to Dáil Éireann at the 1989 general election, standing in the Dublin South-East constituency. She lost her seat on Dublin City Council in 1991 and became involved in the running of the Fianna Fáil party. She was elected as national treasurer in 1993. Hanafin is also a former president of the National Youth Council of Ireland.

Dáil career
Hanafin was elected to the Dáil on her second attempt, at the 1997 general election for the Dún Laoghaire constituency. In her first few years as a TD she served on a number of Oireachtas committees, including Education and Science, Heritage and the Irish language and Justice, Equality and Women's Affairs. In 2000, Hanafin was appointed Minister of State for Children. She topped the poll in her constituency at the 2002 general election and was appointed to the position of Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach; also a junior (non-cabinet) ministry, but with special responsibility as Government Chief Whip. She was the first woman to hold this position.

Minister for Education and Science
Hanafin was appointed as Minister for Education and Science in a cabinet reshuffle in September 2004. She abandoned the compilation of school league tables begun by her predecessor Noel Dempsey. She prioritised school bus safety following the death of five schoolgirls near Navan, County Meath, in 2005. This has mandated the provision of one seat per child and of the mandatory use of seatbelts in school buses. In 2005 she initiated vastly increased funding and staffing for children with special needs. She announced plans for a possible change of entry requirements to third-level medical education.

Hanafin was accused of bias towards private fee-paying schools in her constituency when awarding building grants to them in 2005. Christian Brothers College, Monkstown Park, and St. Andrew's College both received building grants for extensions and works on their buildings. Only Belvedere College, Kilkenny College and Loreto Beaufort, Rathfarnham, had previously received money since 1995.

Diplomatic cables published by Wikileaks revealed that in 2005 Hanafin had briefed the American Ambassador to Ireland on government coalition negotiations. She criticized her Green Party coalition colleagues saying that they wanted to prioritize "hares, stags and badgers while everyone else in the country is drowning in this economy".

In February 2008, it emerged that Hanafin, while Government Chief Whip, had assisted poet Cathal Ó Searcaigh to obtain an Irish visa for a Nepalese youth. The allegations were contained in the documentary Fairytale of Kathmandu. Hanafin, who admitted being friends with Ó Searcaigh for many years, dismissed the allegations as an "irresponsible piece of journalism". Ó Searcaigh was later investigated by Irish authorities to establish whether he should be prosecuted under the Sexual Offences Act for sleeping with boys in Nepal who would be considered under-age in Ireland.

Hanafin was accused in February 2008 of being oblivious to the plight of parents of children with autism, and of taking an imperious view of their parents' situation, when she decided to engage in a 68-day court battle with two parents who were attempting to obtain appropriate education for their children through the applied behavior analysis (ABA) method. She and her department were accused of ignoring reality of autism education requirements. The mother, Yvonne Ui Cuanachain, said: "Well I would reject the Minister's position quite completely and I feel it's actually quite cynically misrepresentative of the situation on the ground. The Department of Education does not support ABA, it does not support ABA within the ABA schools and neither does it support ABA within the eclectic classes."

Minister for Social and Family Affairs
On 7 May 2008, Hanafin was appointed as Minister for Social and Family Affairs by new Taoiseach Brian Cowen. She abolished an independent agency, Combat Poverty, by subsuming it into the department.

In late May 2009, a newspaper ran a story claiming Hanafin's office had used taxpayer-funded resources to promote Peter O'Brien in correspondence to voters in the ahead of the 2009 local elections. O'Brien was not elected at those local elections.

Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport
On 23 March 2010, Hanafin was moved from Social and Family Affairs to the Tourism, Culture and Sport portfolio. She appointed a Fianna Fáil councillor and friend of Brian Cowen to the board of the Irish Sports Council on her last full day as Tourism, Culture and Sport Minister.

Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Innovation
Following the resignation of Batt O'Keeffe in January 2011, Hanafin was also appointed as Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Innovation.

2011 general election
On 22 January 2011, after the resignation of Brian Cowen, Hanafin put her name forward as a candidate for leader of Fianna Fáil. She was appointed deputy leader on 31 January 2011. At the 2011 general election she lost her Dáil seat. She briefly withdrew from public life, but in April 2011, the Fianna Fáil National Executive co-opted her as one of the five vice-presidents of the party.

Television
In January 2012, she appeared as a judge on the TG4 television show An G-Team. In 2014 Hanafin received a master's degree in American Studies at the Clinton Institute in University College Dublin.

Business interests
Hanafin is reported to have extensive business interests. In June 2008, it was reported she owned a 15% shareholding in Reservoir Resources, an oil exploration company. In September 2013, it was reported she had bought shares in a company which owns Zaragoza, a Dublin tapas bar.

2014 local elections
In May 2014, Hanafin lodged nomination papers with Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council to contest the local government elections in the Blackrock area, against the wishes of Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin. Following a three-week campaign—dubbed the "Battle of Blackrock"—she was elected, taking the second out of six seats in the Blackrock local electoral area.

State pensions and council expenses
Hanafin said she did not take expenses from Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council, instead she continued to draw her various state pensions accruing from her time as a teacher, TD and Minister. In July 2015, an RTÉ investigative report estimated the state had paid her €520,775 in pension and lump sum payments since 2011. This figure excludes any pension associated with her time as a teacher.

2016 general election campaign
In April 2014, Hanafin indicated that she intended to seek the Fianna Fáil nomination in Dún Laoghaire for the next general election. Her fellow councillors Cormac Devlin and Kate Feeney also expressed an interest in seeking the nomination. The contest attracted widespread media attention being dubbed the "Battle of Blackrock II".

In early September 2015, there was widespread speculation the Fianna Fáil National Constituencies Committee would attempt to exclude Cormac Devlin from the Dún Laoghaire candidate selection convention on the basis of his gender. Following the threat of legal action from Devlin, the party backed down.

Hanafin lost the Dún Laoghaire Fianna Fáil selection convention on 28 September 2015, coming second to Cormac Devlin.

Two days after the selection convention, on 30 September 2015, the National Constituencies Committee of Fianna Fáil, chaired by Michael Moynihan TD, recommended Hanafin be added to the general election ticket in Dún Laoghaire.

In October 2015, it emerged that Hanafin, while Minister for Tourism in 2009, supported potential legislation to introduce a €500 water charge and metering system in July 2010, five months before the bailout.

In January 2016, Hanafin announced she was seeking a place on the Fianna Fáil Front Bench. Micheal Martin refused to be drawn on the issue, instead emphasising a desire to promote a new generation of TDs. Following his rebuff, Hanafin gave a series of interviews which appeared to undermine his authority, in particular she questioned his position on entering coalition government with Fine Gael. Her remarks prompted Mary Cowen, wife of former Taoiseach, Brian Cowen, to publicly comment that Micheal Martin should "watch his back" around Hanafin. The spat continued with Hanafin claiming Mary Cowen's remarks were inappropriate.

In the 2016 general election Hanafin failed to regain a seat in the Dáil, finishing fifth in the four-seat Dún Laoghaire constituency.

2019 European Parliament election
In December 2018, Hanafin announced her intention to seek the Fianna Fáil nomination for the Dublin constituency in the European Parliament. Barry Andrews was selected as the Fianna Fáil candidate.

2020 general election
She was an unsuccessful candidate for the Dún Laoghaire constituency at the 2020 general election.

In June 2022, she was elected as Cathaoirleach of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council. Hanafin did not contest the 2024 Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council election.

title: Mary Hanafin


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Impatiens walleriana

Impatiens walleriana (syn. Impatiens sultanii), also known as busy Lizzie (British Isles), balsam, sultana, or simply impatiens, is a species of the genus Impatiens, native to eastern Africa from Kenya to Mozambique. The Latin specific epithet walleriana honours a British missionary, Horace Waller (1833–1896).

Description
It is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing to 15 - 60 cm tall, with broad lanceolate leaves 3–12 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. Leaves are mostly alternate, although they may be opposite near the top of the plant. The changeable, simple leaves are stalked 1.5 to 6 cm long. The leaf blade is ovate to broadly elliptic, sometimes obovate, 2.5 to 13 inches long and 2 to 5.5 inches wide, green and sometimes spotted or pink or reddish on the underside. Leaflets are missing.

The hermaphroditic, zygomorphic flowers are profusely borne, 2–5 cm diameter, with five petals and a 1 cm spur. The seedpod explodes when ripe in the same manner as other Impatiens species, an evolutionary adaptation for seed dispersal. The lower sepals are slightly boat-shaped and narrow suddenly in the 2.8 to 4.5 inches long, thread-like curved, but not curved back spur. The stems are semi-succulent, and all parts of the plant (leaves, stems, flowers, roots) are soft and easily damaged.

Cultivation
Although perennial in frost-free growing conditions, it is usually treated as a half-hardy annual in temperate regions (though pot-grown plants can be successfully overwintered indoors). It is one of the most popular of all bedding plants for parks and gardens worldwide, typically grown in containers but also in bedding schemes. Propagation is by seed or stem cuttings (which often root readily in water).

Cultivars
Numerous cultivars in a range of colours from white to purple, are widely available commercially, either as seeds or young plants. They include the following:

 * Accent series
 * 'Blackberry Ice'
 * 'Confection'
 * 'Eclipse'
 * 'Elfin White'
 * 'Extra Dwarf'
 * 'Fiesta Ole' (double variety)
 * 'Lipstick'
 * 'Red Star'
 * Super Elfin series
 * Tempo Series
 * 'Wink and Blink'

Super Elfin series was bred by Claude Hope in Costa Rica. Hope developed this species from its native wild form into one of the most popular bedding plants in the world.

AGM cultivars
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
 * Divine Series
 * Magnum Series
 * SunHarmony Series
 * = 'Dhar328'
 * SunPatiens Series
 * = 'Sakimp013'
 * = 'Sakimp025'
 * = 'Sakimp011’
 * = 'Sakimp005’
 * = 'Sakimp018’
 * = 'Sakimp005’
 * = 'Sakimp018’

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Impatiens walleriana


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User talk:Doctormelodious

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Regimental Sgt Zippo
If the information you have added is correct (and I'm not disputing it), you'll have to change the lead paragraph as well, which still lists a completely different list of musicians. Richard3120 (talk) 17:00, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doctormelodious


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Eastern Conference

Eastern Conference or Conference East or variation, may refer to:

 * Eastern Conference (MLS), one of two conferences in Major League Soccer
 * Eastern Conference (NBA), one of two conferences in the National Basketball Association
 * Eastern Conference (WNBA), one of two conferences in the Women's National Basketball Association
 * Eastern Conference (NHL), one of two conferences in the National Hockey League
 * Eastern Conference (KHL), one of two conferences in the Kontinental Hockey League
 * Eastern Conference was an NCAA Division II collegiate athletic conference now called Northeast-10 Conference
 * Eastern Conference Records is a record company founded by rap duo the High and Mighty
 * Eastern Conference (NFL), now succeeded by AFC North and NFC East
 * Eastern Conference (California), junior college athletic conference in Southern California that operated from 1932 to 1969

title: Eastern Conference


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Talk:History of Russian military ranks

Vandalism
the user JMRAMOS0109 distorts the names of military ranks. For example, He change names of Russian ranks of German origin to English.--UeArtemis (talk) 04:23, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup needed
Why is senior sergeant redirected to this page? --- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.173.17.153 (talk) 08:30, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Where is the Senior/Chief Marshal rank? --- The page needs some thinking through (I appreciate it is temporary) The system of Ranks in modern Russia should be used. If one is referring to the Soviet Union then the ranks may depend on what time period is being referred to; hence pages like: Comparative military ranks of World War II   Ranks of the Soviet Union would be entered as historical ranks and suitable notes made as to the period of use. Dainamo 19:40, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hello! I have updated the page to the modern russian ranks according to the official site of Russian ministry of defense. DimaY2K

 * The page still needs cleanup to reference Imperial Russia ranks as instated by Table of Ranks, incorporate Soviet military ranks including with all the bizarre post-revolutionary position-ranks and give some insight on restoring personal and finally General ranks right before the World War II. The insignia should also be provided.
 * I will start a rewrite soon, based on the data published at http://armor.kiev.ua and similar sites. DmitryKo 14:16, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite

 * I've started a rewrite. Any thoughts on organizing the ranks in the best possible way are welcome. DmitryKo 08:11, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What are Space Troops?
I didn't even know that such a formation exists. I'd like to hear anything about this. --212.45.8.211 22:06, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Space Troop is an indepedent core of Russian armed forces whose main duty is security of Russia in space. Which incudes informing the military and goverment of a missile attack, missile difense of Moscow, deployment and control of military satelites. --DimaY2K 10:09, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Military Space Forces (Space Troops) is a combination of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office and NASA. I personally find it weird that Rosaviakosmos was recently subordinated to the military. DmitryKo 14:16, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Clarification?
The article says

 * "[with the 1917 revolution] The Table of Ranks was abolished and so were the personal military ranks. The army and the navy has returned to a system of positional ranks that were acronyms of the full position names."

Does this mean that the acronyms were used immediately after the revolution in place of personal military ranks, or that the Army and Navy have returned to the acronyms in the present day? The following paragraph says that

 * "The personal ranks were not reintroduced until 1935"

so I am rather confused. Molinari 19:56, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The positional acronyms were used unofficially from 1918 till 1935 and from 1940 till the present day. There were no personal ranks from 1918 until 1935, period. Three of these acronyms (Combat, Comdiv and, to less extent, Commandarm) are still in use as informal position names.
 * Please note that it's only the initial phase of the rewrite, so the Soviet Union section is going to be heavily expanded with tons of similar information.

 * A small historical review. The Bolsheviks effectively disbanded the Army by time of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, so they had to recreate it right from the scratch, which they did. The only 'rank' in the RKKA (Workers' and Peasants' Red Army), as of 1920 Statute, was Red Armee (красноармеец, soldier), and a particular 'soldier' could hold a commanding position of Commander [of the] Batallion (Com.Bat., Combat), Commander [of the] Division (Com.Div., Comdiv), Commander [of the] Army [as unit] (Comand.Arm., Commandarm) etc. Thus, the sleeve insignia reflected the position of a commanding officer, not his personal rank. This system was resembling the ancient conventions of Strelets Troops (hence the has returned to reference). The officers of Imperial General Staff holding Colonel and General ranks and serving in high commanding positions of the Red Army ought to find it ironic that they were technically privates.
 * The 'rank-less' concept was largely compromised in 1924 when permanent categories (K1 to K14) were introduced, which were very akin to personal ranks. But the true ranks were officially reestablished only in 1935 with the return of Lieutenant (of 3 grades), Captain, Major and Polkonvik (later augmented with Podpolkovnik), although supreme officers were given their pre-existing informal positional ranks of Combrig (Brigade), Comdiv, Comcor (Corps) and Commandarm (of 2 grades). These confusing supreme ranks were reportedly backed by the high commanders of the Red Army who were reluctant to hold a 'tsarist' rank of 'General'; nevertheless, the top Army rank was very Imperial-sounding Marshal.
 * The 'acronymised' ranks were finally replaced with revised General and enlisted ranks in 1940 and by 1943, the Empire-based insignia was established for both enlisted and comsissioned staff. As the Combrig rank was abolished in the process, many Brigades and even Divisions were actually commanded by Colonels rather than Generals (temporary ranks were never used in the Russian Army and Red/Soviet Army)

 * Hope this clears the matter. DmitryKo 22:09, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Translation: Polkonvik
Lieutenant, Capitan, Major and... Polkovnik? Why not Colonel? --GS 17:12, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Russian equivalents for the ranks above are adopted (russified) Western words. Polkovnik is an original Russian rank that is a direct equivalent to Colonel, as stated in the Strelets Troos section. See Oberst. DmitryKo 18:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Original Russian rank or original Russian name for the rank of Colonel? --GS 00:33, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if it matters. Is Lieutenant Commander an original English name for the rank of Captain, 3rd rank? DmitryKo 06:07, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Take the point, but it seems to be the original Russian rank, rather than someone deciding "let's have colonels with a different name'. The Land 13:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Russian Five Star Ranks
Info I've seen has that Russia maintains two five star ranks reserved for time of war or national emergency, those being Marshal of the Russian Federation (held by one person so far) and Fleet Admiral of the Russian Federation (on paper but never held). Ive added them to the article as such. Source is U.S. Army comparative ranks study published through Institute of Heraldry. Any objections to keeping them here? -Husnock 16:18, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I added a scan of the PDF page on Talk:Fleet Admiral (Russia). -Husnock 16:36, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * They are, simply, plain wrong. There was no rank of the Admiral of the Russian Federation, ever, on any paper except the one published by the Institute. If they cared to actually look at the legislation, they wouldn't have to invent unexisting ranks by extending Soviet rank structure on the current Russian system.
 * There's one supreme rank defined by law and it's the one of Marshal of the Russian Federation. So, in theory, a Fleet Admiral could be promoted to Marshal! It's not the only funny thing about Russian ranks - the highest ranks in the branches such as Air Force, the Armoured troops, the Marines and the Airborne troops are all titled General of the Army, as opposed to the Soviet system of Marshals and Chief Marshals of a branch.
 * BTW, Admiral of the Fleet and Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were purely honorable ranks. No, they were not reserved for wartime because there was no such practice in the Soviet military, but there were really very few people who actually held them (mostly "high court" admirals) and these ranks didn't even exist at the time of WWII. --DmitryKo 22:08, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thats all fine. You're winning me over.  BUT if Russia became involoved in a major war would they not have a 5 star naval rank?  I dont know that much about this topic to defend against your sources, but then on the other hand why would the Army make this up and put it in a publication?  Of course, i will be the first to admit sources from Russia should outweigh sources from the U.S. -Husnock 23:40, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You have to ask the Army... I believe they just didn't double check the sources. As for a loss of distinction between naval and army ranks, yes I do find it funny but OTOH I don't think it matters much. They would be purely honorific as the President is the one and only Supreme Commander. --DmitryKo 11:26, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Not to rehash the above unpleasant subject, but as the VFD failed on Fleet Admiral of the Russian Federation, and U.S. sources have been provided, I added in a line that such a rank is conjectured to exist (but did not put it into the rank tables). Hope that doesn't cause a problem.

Tables and pictures
This is a great article but I find it somewhat bulky and confusing. I think the tables need to be broken up into separate article for the ranks of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and Russian Federation. Also, pictures are badly needed! That should not be too hard, as I have a Defense Department JPG CD which ahs pics of Russian ranks.

I propose to split the article up and add pictures. Thats obviously a major undertaking and will not be attempted without some agreement. -Husnock 21:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You have an agreement from me. --DimaY2K 12:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Would it bee too much to ask that someone who is able please provide a Roman transliteration of the Cyrillic in the tables?Pgranzeau 17:01, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Podpraporshchik/Bootsman
Someone added ranks of podpraporshchik and bootsman to modern military ranks table. Those ranks do not exist in modern russian military neither did they exist in soviet military. It can be seen clearly here (a page from russian military of deffense site). As such I am removing them from this page and others related. --DimaY2K 13:18, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Roitr why do you keep adding this ranks to the table. They don't exist. Same thing about Admiral of the fleet of the Russian Federation, it is not an inactive rank it does not exist. --DimaY2K 17:00, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Roitr, please stop adding fictional and historical ranks, or I'll make sure you are banned. Thanks. -DmitryKo 15:22, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Russian military ranks

 * Please stop adding fictional and historical ranks... Thanks. -DmitryKo 15:22, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

It not historical, but in the present time is not an active and a theoretical ranks and them it is necessary to write them in this clause, though with the marks (look notes in a bottom of the table), that I and I do. In the USA now too still not appointed ranks General of the Air Force, General of the Army (USA) and Fleet Admiral and in the U.K and other countries Field Marshal and the General-Admiral, but everywhere in all tables of ranks they are written as existing, but now not active. And " the Marshal of the Russian Federation " to whom not was appointed since November 1996 (nine years) - after Igor Sergeev, and can then also it to remove off the list?.About ranks in aircraft that in the majority they such as well as in a ground forces, but under the charter to them is necessarily added a prefix of "aircraft" - on an example the general of aircraft, the colonel general of aircraft. Therefore my table is more exact as considers all aspects and I consider and I ask that this page should be kept. Thanks for understanding. Roitr 10:57, 8 November

 * First of all Russian Air Force has no it's own system of ranks it uses All-forces ranks, so do Space Troops and Airborn Assault Troops. And words "of aviation" are not added to this ranks.
 * Second, what are shore of the air force? That is probably a mistype.
 * Third, Naval Infantry (Marine Corps) uses All-forcess ranks.
 * Fourth, deck ranks used by deck personal of Navy and Boarder Guard troops do not have rank which is equevalent to Marshal of the Russian Federation. Same way as french navy has no equivalent rank for rank (or title) of Marshal of France. --DimaY2K 12:45, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Continuing the discussion from User_talk:Roitr.

 * 1  Roitr said: "Here http://www.mil.ru/articles/article3665.shtml the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation is placed in the ground forces column"
 * My response: again, look at the following link which I provided on the Talk:Fleet Admiral of the Russian Federation. The table in Article 46 clearly has Marshal of the Russian Federation placed as an all-forces rank.

 * 2a "the Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation and the Chief Marshal of Aviation are considered inactive war-time only ranks by Russian Military doctrine"
 * Well, the last time I checked the current doctrine, http://www.mil.ru/articles/article3923.shtml, it tells nothing about these ranks (any ranks for that matter).
 * Anyway, feel free to add them to Theoretical Military ranks of the Russian Federation, if you feel so obliged... don't forget to include Fleet_Admiral_of_the_Russian_Federation right in the beginning, you'll make User:Husnock happy :p.

 * 2b "the comparative table of UN Security Council lists UK Field Marshal as an equivalent to US General of the Army and Marshal of the Soviet Union"
 * So does Wikipedia's own Comparative_military_ranks_of_World_War_II. Yet, a different article, Army_officer_ranks, states (correctly) that with the absense of Brigadier-grade ranks in the Third Reich and the Soviet Union/Russia, any comparison for General/Admiral ranks can not be considered exact.

 * 3a "I've heard "polkovnik of aviation" in the media"
 * Huh... what kind of an argument is that? Anyway, its not a part of the rank, it's just a construct used (rahter incorrectly) to differentiate aviators from army officers.

 * 3b "the Rules of Internal Service are inconsistent with the Law on Military Duty and Military Service" (minor cases provided)"
 * There's no need to redefine something that's already defined by a law of a higher precedence, and Federal Laws take precedenсe over other Laws, Presidential Decrees (which instated the above-mentioned Rules) and Governmental Decisions. So if the latter contain parts that contradict the Federal Law or the Constitution, these parts are automatically considered invalid (and may be subsequentially removed from legislation by a Decree of the Assembly of the High Court of a Decision of Constitution Court thereafter), but that does not prevent those Laws, Decrees and Orders from extending higher-precedence laws in such areas where they don't contradict anything defined therein.

 * 4 "if the holders of respective [Soviet] ranks still serve in the Ministry of Defense, their ranks are part of the current system"
 * So, in theory, if an Israeli officer who has Russian citizenship (as allowed by Russian-Israeli international agreements) joins the Russian Ministry of Defense, his rank becomes part of Russian system as well? Are you preparing to expand the table with Israeli ranks here, as per your "theoretical ranks" doctrine? LOL

 * 5 ''Junior Praprorshchik and Bootsmann ranks were enacted in 1982 but they were shortly dismissed thereafter".
 * With all due respect, there were no such ranks in the late Soviet Armed Forces. The last change to the rank system was the introduction of Senior Praporshchik and Senior Midshipman in 1980, and that's all.
 * A two-star Praporshchik rank doesn't necesarily mean there were one-star rank. In fact, it would be too easy to confuse one-star Praporshschik with a Junior Lieutenant, because the size and the placement of their penthagram stars would be exaclty the same, even though there's additional axial stripe on a shoulder board of a Lieutenant. And Tropical Uniform of the Middle-Asian Military District din't even featured standard striped shoulder boards as such, so the two ranks would be completely undistinguishable. I think this is one single reason why one-star Praporshchik never existed.
 * Anyway, I can imagine how some peasant, never-went-to-school type Uzbek soldiers would initially be tricked into treating Junior Lieutenants as Junior Praporshchiks... LOL
 * BTW, Under-Liuetenant and Lieutenant NEVER were army or naval infantry ranks in the Russian Empire, they were strictly Deck ranks.

 * 6 There was a Bootsmann "positional rank" in late 1930s
 * It begs to be added to the appropriate section then. In all fairness, is not does not belong to the section on Russian Federation ranks.

 * Final words. I'm starting the section on the ranks of the Soviet Union, at last. I suggest that the current Russian insignia should be merged here from the corresponding Army/Air Force and Navy articles, and sections on the insignia of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union should be added as well, so it will be easier for readers to maintain historical retrospective.
 * Peace, --DmitryKo 21:50, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

To your data: 1) The decision and laws accepted by the Russian parliament signed by president and then there is a decree, rather the reverse signs as you write. Presidential Decrees and Orders - they have more higher value. 2) The system of ranks of Russia developed and varied at all times and till now continues to develop and it is not completely final. a) The two ranks would be completely undistinguishable-it is nonsense. Then undistinguishable would be and Senior Lieutenant and Polkovnik,even though there are additional axial strips on a shoulder board of a Polkovnik. In the Middle-Asian floor the size of a star is not always visible. It concerns for Lieutenant and Podpolkovnik. LOL b) I did not write Under-Liuetenant and Lieutenant in the table-ranks of navy infantry, and wrote in the table-Ranks of the Naval Forces in which they were according to the table of military ranks of Russian Fleet-grades of Russian Military Fleet under the sea charter of 1720 http://armor.kiev.ua/army/titul/rusflot-1720.shtml. Do not take offence, but I trust Yeremeyev more. Yours faithfully --Roitr 03:20, 12 November 2005
 * Answer:
 * 2b) "the comparative table of UN Security Council lists UK Field Marshal as an equivalent to US General of the Army and Marshal of the Soviet Union",not as an equivalent to Russian/Soviet General of the Army.
 * 3a) For that that to differentiate aviators from army officers I would consider for clearness, about whom there is a speech, let will be a part " of aviation ".
 * 3b) About contradictions and inconsistents the charter of Internal Service of armed forces of Russia signed by president with the Federal Law on Military Duty and Military Service, as I wrote lacks and contradictions are in the same law, as I wrote about contradictions between them. You forgive me, but while these mistakes by whom are not corrected and ranks will be ordered (by the High Court, by the Constitution Court), I cannot consider system of military ranks of Russia 100% true.
 * 4) It is not necessary to deform that that I have written. The Israeli officer who has Russian citizenship-it one, and the Soviet officer - absolutely another. The Russian army officially is considered the heir-at-law the Soviet army,- not Israeli and it in the majority has inherited military ranks from the Soviet army, not from Israeli or Uzbek. LOL
 * 5)

 * 2b. Are you even trying to understand what I'm saying? There's no Brigadier-grade rank and such positions are by convention occupied by Colonels, NOT Major Generals whci are Division-grade officers. So Western Brigadier General is NOT an equivalent to Russian Major General, whatever various tables say.
 * 3b. No, Presidential Decrees do not take precedence over Laws, it's just that the President can try to veto a Law that's passed by the Parliament, but the State Duma has a means to overcome the veto by a "constitutional majority vote" (2/3 of the members). No, the system is not "complete", but so is every system out there, isn't it? It doesn't grant you rights to include various provisional ranks that have never even been held by anyone, unlike for example General of the Armies and Admiral of the Navy.
 * 4. I'm not "deforming" anything, unlike you. Marshal of the Soviet Union is not a rank in the current system, no matter the historical roots, and so are the other ranks that are not listed in the legislation.
 * 5a. Again, did you understand what I said? The insignia would be THE SAME - the same size, the same placement, the same generic strip-less shoulder board. On the contrary, Lieutenant and Lieutenant Colonel wear the stars of different sizes, so it's DIFFERENT insignia.
 * 5b. Ah, now I see. You're placing Under-Lieutenant in the Xth class, where it never was by the Table of Ranks, which BTW was enacted no earlier than 1722, and don't give any time frame. So check your facts first.
 * Sorry, but your English is bad, you have to provide Russian translation in order for me to understand what you're trying to say in detail... even though I'd suppose it is the same kind of nonsense, again :(. --DmitryKo 19:03, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * So, you chose to close the discussion and move on ingoring the facts once again. OK. First, there is separate article for the Leib Guard and it featires a table of Guard-specific ranks. Anyway these were never considered Army ranks, so at least a different column should be used if you feel the need to move it here. And don't forget that Guard ranks can be up to two grades higher than similar Army ranks, and that custom was changed several times. Second, are you going to include hundreds of historical speciality ranks defined by the Table?!! Where did you find Russian translitarations of "lancer", and why are you adding "handlager" and, in all the world, "yeomen"?!! Third, you don't need to accent-mark "yo" (both ё and йо) because it's always accented by Russian grammar rules. I'm really beginning to doubt you studied in a Russian school... Forth, Under-Lieutenant never belonged to the 10th grade. Reverted once again.  --DmitryKo 17:40, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Comment on work done
Nice page. NPOV and clear, concise information. David.

Lyotchik
Who added Lyotchik as a rank?! Word lyotchik means pilot in russian and never was a rank in russian military. Russian air force has exectly the same ranks as russian ground forces. Could someone stop this madness! --DimaY2K 14:21, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I give up. Roitr, you may trash this page as you like. Best regards. --DmitryKo 14:51, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * So, now he's banned but has created numerous bots... why does he have to spend his time writing nonsense and trashing English Wikipedia when he's apparently Russian is just beyond me. --DmitryKo 22:14, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Transliteration Errors?
The following do not match the pronunciations I've heard nor the cyrillic presented: 1731-1798
 * Rittmeister (ро́тмистр)
 * Portupey Praporshchik (пра́порщик)) (1798-1826); Feldwebel (фельдфе́бель)

Rottmeister? Portupey is not indicated in the Cyrillic; Feldwebel does not match the Cyrillic.

Some of the entries in the table are translated into english; others are transliterated, and several are equivalent German ranks... which are clearly sources of the borrowed rank titles, but do not provide useful assistance to understanding.

Russian Federation
 * Gefreiter (ефре́йтор)

The G at the front is not how I've heard it pronounced, and is not in the cyrillic (which matches the kremlin.ru archived prikaz on ranks). Wfh 05:39, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Admiral, General, Rittmeister, Junker, Bootsmann, Midshipman, Feldwebel, Wachtmeister, Gefreiter, etc. are German, Dutch, English etc. loanwords which were never transliterated per se, they were rather adopted into Russian usage and their spelling might not stay true to the original. I chose not to provide exact romanizations/transliterations of Russian words in the tables, except for the historical part and some true Slavic terms like polkovnik and golova, for the single reason that it would only create unnecessary clutter and conceal their true origin. If I were to provide exact transliterations of Ефрейтор and Фельдфебель etc, I would also end up with weird terms like Mayor, Kapitan and Michman which help no one, not to mention that I'd be unable to explain how would one spell General without providing IPA transcription (not the English word, but transliteration of Russian Генерал)...
 * I admit the article needs cleanup as it was heavily vandalized by the many sockpuppets of User:Roitr, so there is probably some nonsense still left - in particular, Portupey Praporshchik was exclusively a Leib Guard rank and it has never been a Cavalry rank (although Portupey Junker was). I'll look into the matter when I have more free time. --Dmitry 18:38, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Stabbs-captain vs. stabs-captain. The article uses both. The latter is transcribed from the Russian; does stabbs-captain have any support? (My guess is that stabs-captain is borrowed from the German, and can be rendered in English as staff captain.) PKKloeppel (talk) 13:17, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

I propose to use the word "Efreitor"! We do not use the word "Hauptmann" when talk about "Hetman". Such words can be adopted into English usage. 95.69.152.59 (talk) 16:25, 29 September 2009 (UTC) UeArtemis

Why is "Front Commander" (Фронтовой командир) and not "Commander of the Front" (Командир фронта) and etc. if Comandarm is "Commander of the Army" and General of the Army (Генерал армии) isn't Army General (Армейский генерал)???UeArtemis (talk) 12:24, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Why did you change Flagman to Flag officer??? What is a corporal in the Red Army? I ask to do not replace names of ranks by western counterparts!UeArtemis (talk) 17:38, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Флагман (Flagman) is from Vlagman!!! I must be kept as Flagman or Vlagman, not abstract "Flag officer"!--UeArtemis (talk) 17:52, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Linking of Cornet
The Cornet link, links to the actual instrument rather than the page on the military rank, I made it link to the actual rankCarillonatreides 17:28, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

images needed
this article extremly needs images to show the military ranks Ammar  (Talk - Don't Talk) 21:22, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation
Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation is fictional rank; no such rank in Russian fleet now. I delete all about this from the article, please don't add wrong information. (sorry for poor english) Ingwar JR 08:25, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Marshal of the Russian Federation Igor Sergeyev
The only officer who presently holds the rank is the former Minister of Defense Igor Sergeyev. Sergeyev died last year. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.57.51.71 (talk) 21:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

If it's still auithoried by regulation and/or law, it should be listed, evebn if unfilled... jst like US 5-star/6-star flag & general grades. justnoted s unfilled. Wfh (talk) 16:10, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Ranks for late-30s and WW2
Hi people. I'm going to need these ranks for another project, so if no-one minds I'm going to add a basic content for now that can be expanded later. Ok?--Mrg3105 (talk) 11:29, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

Chief of Navy of the Republic is K-13 or K-14 rank level? Someone moved this rank from the category 13 into 14. The sources pointed out that it is К-13. UeArtemis (talk) 12:13, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation
Why does this non-existent rank keep appearing in this article, albeit with caveats about being hypothetical and possible in the event of war? Firstly, necessity for more ranks is based on for size and organisational structure, so a big peacetime build-up would be just as much of an impetus for creating this rank. Secondly, a naval officer could be promoted to Marshal of the Russian Federation. Finally, and most importantly, IT DOESN'T EXIST. Pointing out that it's hypothetical is accurate but its inclusion in the chart is not appropriate, as that clause can be used as a justification for including any number of non-existent ranks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.101.217.37 (talk) 16:00, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

And why do people keep undoing revisions to that effect, even when the non-existence of the rank is explained in the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.101.174.59 (talk) 19:44, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Unused but authorized ranks (which, last I checked at Kremlin.ru, Admiral of the Fleet was, but that was several years ago) should be listed. The rank system includes them, even if they are unused. There are a bunch of unused US ranks, for example... WO1 in the US Navy, USCG, USMC; all WO and CWO grades in the USAF, 5 and 6 star US Generals and Admirals... all authorized by law and assigned insignias by regulation, but unused. Just because it isn't in use doesn't mean the rank does not exist; just that it isn't used. Wfh (talk) 16:15, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * BTW, at http://rusnavy.com/history/interesting/admiral.htm, it still seems to be authorized, even if unused. But I can't find the uniform regs on kremlin.ru at the moment; my rusian's too out of practice.Wfh (talk) 16:45, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Überofficers?!
Gentlemen, why does it say überofficers in the Russian Empire section, it's seems to me as blatant vandalism. It has stuck there for the past months.

Gsmgm (talk) 20:30, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Add a table
I added the table of Ranks of 1917-1925.--UeArtemis (talk) 20:06, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Historical influences
of the Imperial Russian ranks: what other countries did Russia look to when evolving these ranks (I am not talking about the "native" Russian ranks)? The German influence is obvious, but the actual insignia are very Austria-Hungary like. 118.90.103.184 (talk) 11:51, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

All-forcess Ranks vs. Troop Ranks
I think that term "All-forcess Ranks" sould be changed to "Troop Ranks" since "troop", is closest translation of russian "войско". I'm waiting for responces before making the change (don't want to start another edit war on this article). DimaY2K (talk) 04:51, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Invented English terms and general clarity
Gentlemen, it's good to see that this article has been cleaned of nonsense by User:Roitr and has recently undergone much needed expansion in regard to Soviet ranks, however the rank tables have become way too detailed compared to and just impossible to perceive by anyone.

I suggest you don't invent new English terms such as "Efreitor" or "Staff Captain", which have either never seen any substantial English use, or are not used in the sense implied in this article. Please avoid too much transliteration and Russification. Just try to follow the wikilinks to find out that they don't even mention any Russian use such as General of the Infantry, and there are many orphaned articles like Stabskapitän which should be linked from this and other articles.

Please clean-up this article and simplify the rank tables which are largely unreadable by now because there are too many details that are primarily of interest to historians only and should be left to detailed monographs, not an encyclopaedia entry. This is why it is currently listed in a "B" category; something needs to be done about it,

What about a break-up to smaller articles, with short summaries in place of long detailed tables in the main article? The detailed sections could be linked from Military ranks of the Soviet Union, and this article would become a descriptive text with a historical overview of the rank system, instead of normative list of every possible rank in each and every historical period. --Dmitry (talk •contibs ) 17:50, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Separated Commander
is this a real translation (i.e. generally adopted in published works) or is it someone's invention (which apparently has been copied to some other similar articles on other websites)?

Отделение means loosely something like squad or section, and in fact that rank should be an equivalent of "squad/section leader". A squad (or section) could be a tank (thus becoming a tank commander), but in infantry they would be leading a smallest tactical unit (until today) that is distinguished in the Russian Army. "Separated commander" sounds like typical engrish (in this case runglish) fail to me. Egh0st (talk) 20:08, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

Border Guards
Although it is FSB and not the military per say, should it be noted that the Border Guard often has rank insignia on the lowere part of sleeves? 71.58.198.190 (talk) 23:21, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

Soviet Ranks
Why does this article include ranks from the Soviet Union when a seperate article exists for them? Russia does not equal the Soviet Union.86.141.3.84 (talk) 17:55, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

Equivalent Western rank
what is "Equivalent Western rank", is there a rank system that is uniform and the same for all states to the west of Russia?

Cossacks ranks for the period 1722-1917 are missing
As I am aware Cossacks' ranking system was quite different from the general military one. Moreover they were a semi regular detachments and as such were not completely integrated into the military structure (e.g. they had their own artillery up until ww1). I am not really an expert in this subject so anyone interested in welcomed to do their own research, but the details that I gave above are 100% correct. So I guess some further work is needed on "1722-1917" section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.195.68.111 (talk) 03:57, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:History of Russian military ranks


text:
Talk:USP

Universal Serial Port
As far as I can tell, there's no such thing as a "Universal Serial Port" and the only references to it on the web are typos in reference to USB ports, which is never abbreviated as "USP". So I've removed this item.--Subversive Sound (talk) 22:37, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

A Supermax prison?
The article Supermax links to a prison in Illinois commoly abbrevated as USP, however this disambiguation page has nothing on it...

title: Talk:USP


text:
User talk:Spug

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

PD
You cannot assume that images are public domain just because they are government-issue. Actually, it is pretty rare for coins, banknotes and stamps to be PD. I don't know how it is in Norway, but the Swedish riksbank has copyrights on the our monetary units. — David Remahl 21:00, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I see, thanks for the heads up. I was unable to find any notice on the Norwegian bank website, but I will look harder in that case. But if the Swedish riksbank has copyrights, what about Image:1_Krona_2001.jpg? — Spug 21:07, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * That image should be used on a fair use rationale. I updated the image description page. Good that you brought it up. — David Remahl 21:09, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * So does that mean the Norwegian krone image can also be used on a fair use rationale? — Spug 21:11, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's probably the only way. Unless you request a license from Riksbanken, which they are likely to refuse. I am not quite sure how fair use works across nation borders, but that is the best we have. — David Remahl 21:13, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'll do that then. Thanks a lot :) — Spug 21:16, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Liero
Hi Spug, are you the same Spug that was once a respected member of the Liero community? If so, I hope you will visit the new Liero Forum sometimes. The address is http://forums.thegaminguniverse.com/forumdisplay.php?s=&forumid=117 Greets from Sander, aka LieroNet aka ZanderZ -- Sander 21:14, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That's me :) I think I've seen Ulv visit that forum once when I was visiting him, but I didn't know it was the new Liero forum. It's even linked to from LieroNet. Wow. Apart from hanging out a little in the #liero channel at QuakeNet, I haven't been active in any Liero communities for probably a couple of years, so it'd be cool to do it again! Thanks, I'll go over and register. --Spug 21:56, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Economy of Europe
Hi, I noticed you'd earlier supported this new article's nomination for Collaboration of the Week. It has been re-nominated, having been worked on a little and has gained backers. Simply add your support here. Obviously such a big project needs as many users with relevant knowledge as possible, so hopefully this will promote it a little. Thanks, Grunners 00:37, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

P.s., seeing your above message brought back memories of Liero :)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Avant Browser
No, I will not stop re-adding what you keep deleting... every time you delete it, I will just add it back. Why? Because they are features of Avant Browser, and therefore should be in the Wikipedia article in my opinion. --brandeks (talk)
 * I respect your opinion that the text should be there, but I also expect you to respect the opinions of us who don't think it should. The least thing you can do is consult the article's talk page before readding text several times, just like I did before I removed it. The text is also blatantly copied from Avant Browser's website, and looks like advertisement for the browser. If you had seen the article's talk page, you'd now see that another user has removed the text, and that we are three against one. --Spug 17:33, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Over the weekend I've thought about the AB edit-war we were having. I'd even talked with someone I knew about it. After all that, I have come to a conclusion: you were right, and I was wrong. Yes, I was willing to keep doing what I had been doing simply because I thought I was right in adding back what had been deleted, simply because I didn't truly get what "advertising" in regards to NPOV meant. I figured it is a free browser, so what did it matter? Now I understand that Wikipedia is supposed to be NPOV completely, and the way things were written before could be construed as favoring AB over say Firefox or IE... and therefore wasn't as NPOV as I thought. So - no hard feelings? --Brand Eks 01:05, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course, no hard feelings. Hope you will stick around and do many useful contributions! --Spug 07:25, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:BMP Logo.png
Thanks for uploading Image:BMP Logo.png. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 16:25, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Please update your status with WP:VG
Dear WikiProject Video games member,

You are receiving this message because you have either Category:WikiProject Video games members or User WPVG somewhere in your userspace and you have edited Wikipedia in recent months.

The Video games project has created a member list to provide a clearer picture of its active membership.

All members have currently been placed in the "Inactive" section by default. Please remove your username from the "Inactive" listing and place it under the "Active" listing if you plan on regularly:
 * Editing video game-related pages in the Article namespace
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Ideally, members are encouraged to do both, but either one meets our criteria of inclusion. Members still listed inactive at the beginning of November 2009 may be removed. You may re-add yourself to the active list at any time. Thank you for your help, and we look forward to working with you.
 * —WikiProject Video games (delivery by xenobot  03:44, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spug


text:
Talk:Hibiscus

Herbal tea
The reference to herbal tea may be to Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), which is a crop plant in a minor way. I suspect that it is not the only species used in herbal teas. More details can be found at http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/roselle.html.
 * Stewart R. Hinsley, http://www.malvaceae.info

Hibiscus
Do hibiscus go through a dormet stage? 174.210.129.162 (talk) 22:12, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

Left/right significance of wearing behind the ear
In the "Symbolism and culture" section, the significance of whether a hibiscus flower is worn behind the left or right ear is just the opposite of what I had heard in French Polynesia. BMJ-pdx (talk) 18:30, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

Can you take root and split to make new plant from hibiscus? 2600:1014:B045:F5CA:9BB:9576:B33:7144 (talk) 23:11, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hibiscus


text:
Beryl Ingham

Beryl Ingham (1901 – 24 December 1960) was the wife and manager of singer/actor George Formby, as well as being a variety performer and champion clogdancer.

She was born in Haslingden, Lancashire, the youngest daughter of John James Ingham and his wife Elizabeth Ann (née Jackson). At the age of 11 she won the All-England Step Dancing Title. Later she formed a dancing act with her sister May, calling themselves The Two Violets.

She met George Formby in 1923, while they were appearing in music hall in Yorkshire. They married in his hometown of Wigan the following year. The couple worked together as a variety act until 1932, when she became his full-time manager and mentor.

In 1934, film producer John E. Blakeley, who had admired their double act, engaged them for work on a low-budget comic movie, Boots! Boots!, where Beryl's domineering manner on the set was noticed for the first time, especially by the teenage Betty Driver, with whom she feuded. In later films, producer Basil Dean avoided visiting the studio during filming, and director Monty Banks tried to get her banned from the set. She made only two minor appearances in the Formby films.

Beryl was an exceptionally shrewd businesswoman, under whose management George became the UK's highest paid entertainer, at up to £35,000 per performance.

The Formbys went on a tour of South Africa in 1946; despite threats from the National Party leader Daniel Malan, George played to black audiences, and Beryl embraced a three-year-old black girl who had presented her with a box of chocolates. Malan had them thrown out of the country and was reported to have told them to "Never come back here again". Beryl replied "Why don't you piss off, you horrible little man?"

She continued to manage George's career until she developed leukemia; she died on Christmas Eve 1960 in Blackpool. George Formby died ten weeks after his wife.

Selected filmography

 * Boots! Boots! (1934)

title: Beryl Ingham


text:
Talk:Nonuplet

This article is so unclear. Why are the 2001 babies different from the 1970s babies? The article makes it sound like all the mothers gave birth and had all the babies die, so it begs the question why the 2001 births are so notable. Mike H 20:05, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)

What about the nonuplet concept in music notation ? Zoury 19:23, May 31, 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nonuplet


text:
Gambier Terrace

Gambier Terrace (Liverpool, England) is a street of 19th-century houses overlooking St. James's Mount and Gardens and Liverpool Cathedral. It is generally reckoned to be in Canning, although it falls within the Rodney Street conservation area, together with Hope Street and Rodney Street.

It was named after James Gambier. Numbers 1 to 10 are Grade II* Listed Buildings, as is the northernmost house in the terrace, which has the address of Canning St around the corner. They were probably designed by John Foster, Junior. The terrace was built in 1832–1837. It was originally planned that the entire row would be built in a single style but construction was halted in the slump of 1837, and the demand for large city houses declined as the middle class moved out to the new suburbs. Number 10 was the last of the original build. The terrace was later completed to a cheaper specification.

During the First World War Number 1 Gambier Terrace was the location of the Women's War Service Bureau which assisted soldiers and their families. The service expanded into 5 additional premises on Bold Street and Berry Street.

In the 1950s and 60s, 11-12 Gambier Terrace was home to the Liverpool Art High School, the junior section of the Liverpool College of Art. The students were aged 13-16 years of age who won scholarships to attend the school. Cynthia Lennon was a student there before she met John Lennon.

In the 1960s the terrace was in poor condition. John Lennon of The Beatles lived at 3 Gambier Terrace in 1960 with former Beatles bassist Stuart Sutcliffe after Sutcliffe asked the others who lived there, including fellow student and future well-known artist Margaret Chapman if the homeless Lennon could move in. They all attended nearby Liverpool College of Art. The large number of students and artists living there lead to a reporter from The Sunday People paying a visit for a story headlined "This is the Beatnik Horror", inadvertently including the first known published photograph of John Lennon.

Also a student there was Peter Chang, a British artist known for his distinctive jewellery. He later trained as a graphic designer and sculptor at the Liverpool College of Art. He won the Liverpool Senior City Scholarship in 1966 which enabled him to study in Paris at Atelier 17 under S.W. Hayter. From the 1980s onward, he focused on jewellery-making. His collection was featured in Rifat Ozbek’s 1987 fashion show. His work is in collections around the world, including the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Cooper Hewitt.

The freehold to the terrace and the garden in front belongs to Liverpool City Council. The land adjacent to Hope Street is maintained, in part, by the City Council and the leaseholders. The exact status of this land is unclear except that it is a public thoroughfare and unadopted by the City Council's highways department.

title: Gambier Terrace


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Jan Szczepanik

Jan Szczepanik (June 13, 1872 – April 18, 1926) was a Polish inventor, with several hundred patents and over 50 discoveries to his name, many of which are still applied today, especially in the motion picture industry, as well as in photography and television. Some of his concepts helped the future evolution of TV broadcasting, such as the telectroscope (an apparatus for distant reproduction of images and sound using electricity) or the wireless telegraph, which greatly affected the development of telecommunications. He died in Tarnów in the Second Polish Republic.

Biography
Szczepanik was born in the Austrian Partition, in the village of Rudniki near Mościska (now Mostyska, Ukraine) but relocated as infant with his mother to Zręcin in the industrial region of Krosno, where he grew up. His birthplace was controlled by Austria-Hungary between 1772–1918 after the partitions of Poland. Szczepanik graduated from a teachers' college and spent a lot of time reading scientific literature and journals. He moved to Vienna after his attempt to advance the Jacquard loom from France (invented in 1801) was rejected by some local weavers for fear of losing business. His knowledge of fabric however, enabled him to create the first ballistic vest using silk. Spanish king Alfonso XIII (who used it in 1901) awarded him an order for its invention. Szczepanik was granted awards by other royal courts. The Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria relieved him of mandatory military service fascinated with photosculpture – known also as photoplastigraphy – introduced to him by Szczepanik. It was based on an idea patented in 1859 by François Willème (1830–1905) for producing portrait sculpture using synchronized photo projections. The Emperor gave him a pair of pistols for that as a souvenir.

Before World War I, Szczepanik carried out experiments with photography and image projection, as well as with small format color film. He holds patents for a new weaving method, a system of obtaining tri-color photography rasters, and equipment for sound recording and playback.

Following the discoverer's idea, Agfa corporation produced its Agfacolor reversible paper; color films were also made for the first time, projecting 24 frames per second. Szczepanik's more significant discoveries also include the colorimeter (a color control tool), an electric rifle, and a color image weaving method, together with the automation of their production.

Szczepanik also worked on a moving wing aircraft, a duplex rotor helicopter, a dirigible, and a submarine. Mark Twain met Szczepanik and described him in two of his articles: "The Austrian Edison keeping school again" (1898) and "From The Times of 1904" (1898).

title: Jan Szczepanik


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ENSA (disambiguation)

The Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA) was an organisation that provided entertainment for British armed forces personnel during World War II.

ENSA may also refer to:

 * ENSA (gene)
 * École Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d'Oujda, an engineering school in Morocco
 * European Neutron Scattering Association, a contributor to the International Reactor Innovative and Secure design project
 * Svea Airport (ICAO airport code: ENSA) in Norway
 * ENSA – Seguros de Angola

title: ENSA (disambiguation)