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CSS Oregon

CSS Oregon was a wooden sidewheel steamer that served as a gunboat in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Built in 1846 for the Mobile Mail Line, she transported mail between New Orleans, Louisiana, and Mobile, Alabama, before the war. In 1861, she was seized by the Governor of Louisiana, Thomas Overton Moore, and served as a blockade runner before being selected for use by the Confederate Army. After transferring men and supplies to Ship Island, she was formally converted into a gunboat and armed with four cannon. Remaining behind on Lake Pontchartrain when many Confederate warships were transferred up the Mississippi River, Oregon served in the Mississippi Sound and Pass Christian areas. She took part in several minor actions involving USS New London, two of which resulted in the Confederates moving into shallow water to avoid close-range action, and the third ending when the Confederate ships abandoned the Pass Christian area. In April 1862, Union pressure confined her and other Confederate ships to Lake Pontchartrain. Later that month, with Union forces closing in on New Orleans, Oregon was sunk as a blockship. Her wreck was removed and destroyed in the early 1870s.

Construction and pre-war career
Oregon was built at New York City in 1846. A sidewheel steamer, she also had a single mast. With a hull that was made from wood, she had one deck and a billethead. She was 216 ft long, had a beam of 26 ft, weighed 532 tons, and had a draft of 9 ft. Oregon is reported by the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships to have resembled the steamer California. Built for the Mobile Mail Line, Oregon was used to transport mail between Mobile, Alabama, and New Orleans, Louisiana. As of April 1861, the Geddes family of New Orleans and Cincinnati had a 60 percent ownership stake in the vessel, with the remainder being in the hands of two Mobile residents: R. A. Heirn and Samuel Wolff. Heirn had been listed as the ship's master in 1854.

American Civil War
After the outbreak of the American Civil War in April 1861, Governor of Louisiana Thomas Overton Moore had the ship seized. While the United States Navy had a number of vessels at the beginning of the war, the Confederates had to build a navy from nothing with limited infrastructure and manufacturing. At a decided disadvantage in the naval sphere, the Confederates relied heavily on blockade running and to a lesser degree privateering. Oregon repeatedly ran the Union blockade, and under the command of Captain A. P. Boardman made 92 "entrance and clearances" to ports through the blockade. Both the Confederate States Army and the Confederate States Navy were selecting vessels for military service, and Oregon and the steamer J. D. Swain were chosen by the Confederate Army that summer. Oregon was armed with an 8-inch (20cm) columbiad and a 12-pounder (5 kg) howitzer, while J. D. Swain was armed with a 32-pounder (15 kg) rifled cannon and another howitzer.

In July, the two ships participated in a joint Army-Navy expedition. Launches from the Union blockading force were harassing the Confederate coastline, and the Confederates formed an expedition to counter the threat. About 135 sailors and marines were loaded onto Oregon and J. D. Swain, and the two ships left Lake Pontchartrain on July 5 and headed to Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. After spending the next day unsuccessfully looking for Union vessels, the vessels landed at Ship Island, which was located in a strategic place off of the Confederate coastline. The sailors and marines began constructing a small fortification, while Oregon inspected two fishing boats in the area before releasing them. The four cannons on the Confederate ships were taken ashore to defend the island. Oregon and J. D. Swain returned to New Orleans on July 7, and the former returned with the steamer CSS Gray Cloud the next day to bring further men and supplies for the fort. On July 13, Oregon and the steamer CSS Arrow attempted to lure the gunboat USS Massachusetts into the range of the Confederate cannon on Ship Island, but the Union vessel remained at a distance.

Oregon was one of two ships that was used to run supplies to the position on Ship Island. The Confederate Army eventually fitted her as a gunboat and placed her under the command of Captain Abraham L. Myers. She was armed with one 8-inch (203 mm) cannon, one 32-pounder (15 kg) gun, and two small howitzers. Worried that the garrison at Ship Island could be easily cut off by the Union Navy and starved into submission, Confederate Major General David Twiggs ordered the island abandoned on September 13. Oregon helped evacuate supplies from the island, and the withdrawal was completed on September 16. In late 1861 and early 1862, much of the Confederate fleet in New Orleans was transferred up the Mississippi River to support the Confederate defenses of Columbus, Kentucky, but Oregon remained behind, serving on Lake Pontchartrain and intended to help other ships defend the coasts of Louisiana and Mississippi. On December 7, 1861, the gunboat CSS Pamlico sighted Union vessels entering Mississippi Sound. Oregon was present at Mississippi City, Mississippi, to transport equipment for a powder mill from there to New Orleans, and joined Pamlico in confronting the Union ships, which turned out to be the steamers USS New London and USS De Soto. Remaining in shallow water that the Union vessels could not enter, the Confederates fired on them with two rifled cannon. Oregon and Pamlico ignored a challenge from New London for a closer quarters fight, and the Union ships withdrew.

Pamlico then escorted Oregon back to New Orleans, where the latter unloaded the power mill equipment, which increased the city's capacity for gunpowder production. After meeting a blockade runner in Lake Borgne, Pamlico and Oregon attempted to escort her into the Gulf of Mexico on December 20, but were detected by Union forces near Ship Island and forced to withdraw back to Lake Borgne. On March 25, 1862, Oregon was escorted by Pamlico to the Pass Christian area to deliver supplies and then on her own moved towards Ship Island to scout Union positions. Withdrawing to Pass Christian after being sighted, she was pursued by New London. Oregon and Pamlico moved to engage the Union ship, and began firing from a range of 2,000 yds. Two of Pamlicos cannons were unable to be fired safely due to defective ammunition, and after Pamlicos third cannon was rendered unusable after a projectile became stuck in the barrel, the two ships withdrew into shallow water, where New London could not pursue. The Union ship fell back several hours later.

On April 3, New London, the steamer USS John P. Jackson, and the troop transport USS Henry Lewis left Biloxi, Mississippi, to move against Pass Christian. Pamlico, Oregon, and the gunboat CSS Carondelet were mobilized to counter the threat. In an action offshore of Pass Christian, Confederate fire forced Henry Lewis to withdraw, and the other Union vessels suffered light damage. Oregon suffered a hit to her ship's wheel, and her pilot was wounded when a projectile entered the pilothouse. With Carondelet's wheel also damaged in the battle and the steamer USS Hatteras approaching, the Confederate vessels withdrew to Lake Pontchartrain and the Union forces moved on to Pass Christian. The 1,200 troops aboard Henry Lewis landed, and the area was captured. With Union forces preparing to attack New Orleans, Oregon, Pamlico, Carondelet, Arrow, and the gunboat CSS Bienville remained at Lake Pontchartrian, guarding Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets.

On April 24, Union Navy forces under Flag Officer David Glasgow Farragut pushed passed the Confederate defenses at Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, and then moved past the defenses at Chalmette, Louisiana, the next day. New Orleans was largely indefensible after the fall of those positions, and Oregon was sunk as a blockship. Naval historian Neil P. Chatelain states that she was sunk in the Rigolets between Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Borgne, while historian W. Craig Gaines places the sinking in either the Tchefuncte River or the Bogue Falaya River. The wreck later interfered with the escape of other Confederate vessels from Lake Pontchartrain, and remained there until a contractor for the United States Army Corps of Engineers removed it between 1872 and 1873. Any iron debris was removed by the contractor, while the rest of the wreck was burned on shore.

title: CSS Oregon


text:
Category:Beauty pageants

__NOGALLERY__

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Beauty pageants


text:
Hidayat Nur Wahid

Hidayat Nur Wahid (born 8 April 1960 in Klaten, Central Java) was the Speaker of Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat/MPR) for the 2004–2009 period. He resigned as the leader of Prosperous Justice Party (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera/PKS) on 11 October 2004. Hidayat was mentioned in the media as a possible running mate for Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the 2009 Indonesian presidential election.

title: Hidayat Nur Wahid


text:
Talk:Danaë

Danae paintings
We've gone through a number of different Danae paintings illustrating this scene from significant artists. Perhaps something needs to be mentioned of the popularity of this scene in painting, and have links to the various interpretations. - Ravenous 15:10, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Every Ovid's story was popular, in a sense. So was every major event described in the Bible. Should we repeat it every time in articles about Adoration of the Magi, Assumption, Crucifiction, etc, etc? I don't see why we should enlarge on this particular subject, now that two by far the most important interpretations are here. -- Ghirla -трёп-  15:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You make a good point. I personally DO think the impact in the art world would be worth a mention on all these topics, as the way we think about these scenes are profoundly impacted by the the major artistic representations. Think about it - more people have seen a crucifixion image than have read the story.  Of course, there's bound to be thousands of significant crucifiction scenes, so where do you draw the line?  That I couldn't tell you, but I do think the art impact does need more mention then a couple paintings illustrating the text.

 * Now about Danae, one might argue that Gustav Klimt's Danae is as important as these, if not more so. Jan Gossaert might be lesser known than Titian or Rembrant, but his Danae is considered by many to be his most important work.  If we had a brief paragraph on the art impact, it also might prevent others from reverting to these paintings or others. - Ravenous 17:59, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Now about Danae, one might argue that Gustav Klimt's Danae is as important as these, if not more so.
 * I would like to hear this argument :) -- Ghirla -трёп-  20:33, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * In terms of popularity, it's not exactly scientific, but Klimt is coming up about as often as Titian in various "Danae" image searches. Rembrandt, Gossart, and others significantly less often.  I'm certainly not arguing that Titian or Rembrandt are less historically significant artists, but that particular work is probably Klimt's 2nd most famous, next to the Kiss.  I would guess the current fame of the Rembrandt one is partly due to it's destruction a few years back.

 * Anyway, the point I was really trying to make is that the art impact of this particular scene is worthy of some kind of mention here. Probably due to the scene having thematic parallels to christian annunciation/conception scenes (though clearly more erotic).  What do you say to this?  - Ravenous 22:03, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Images should be chosen which highlight major events in the story of Danaë. Thus, I would argue against having two images of her impregnation by Zeus represented, when there exist depictions of other central events (even if depictions of the former are a more common subject in artistic interpretations of the myth). I had selected Waterhouse's Danaë as a secondary image as it shows Danaë and her son Perseus being loaded into the wooden casket. Which interpretation of the earlier event — Titian's, Rembrant's, Klimt's, or Gossaert's — is most "representative?" You decide. In any case, the tag leads to a gallery at WikiCommons featuring many more visual representations of Danaë. A paragraph on the impact of art would also be a very good addition to the current article. -Severa (!!!) 19:56, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Images should be chosen which highlight major events in the story of Danaë.
 * Nonsense. This is not a biography. -- Ghirla -трёп-  20:33, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Your suggestion for narrowing the possibilities, then? -Severa (!!!) 20:54, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Gallery?
After coming back to more of these stories (especially ones in Ovid) and finding so many important works of art influenced by them, I'm starting to think of what could be done to reference them. Obviously we shouldn't be stuffing several large images on the page, especially if they are depicting the exact same scene. But is a Commons tag really sufficient? From a personal perspective, I hardly ever even notice those. How about a compromise, like a "gallery", such as:

It'd be under a section that explains the impact of the story on the art world, including reasons for popularity (such as in Danae's case, the parallels with Mary's immaculate conception). And the paintings would have the artist name linked under them. Having 12 might be overkill, but perhaps a handful of the most well known. Has this type of thing come up on wikipedia before, any prior discusions/decisions? - Ravenous 22:08, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The gallery will be deleted per WP:NOT. --Ghirla-трёп- 06:46, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * From WP:NOT: "Mere collections of photographs or media files with no text to go with the articles. If you are interested in presenting a picture, please provide an encyclopedic context, or consider adding it to Wikimedia Commons."
 * However, in this situation there would be text and an encyclopedic context. Some of these could be used to illustrate a section on the Danae story's influence in the art world.  Is that not something notable and worth adding? If worse came to worse, we could just have text links to the paintings worth mentioning (i.e. Danaë (Rembrandt painting), Danaë (Klimt painting)).  But since we're talking about art, wouldn't a picture link be more appropriate?    -Ravenous 07:31, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The assortment of images is very nice, but I would still leave it where it is, lest the gallery will be deleted, as they usually are. Really, mainspace is not intended for such devices. You won't find a featured article with an image gallery implanted in the text. Why should stubs have them? --Ghirla-трёп- 08:08, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * That's not really true though, take this featured article for instance: Adolfo Farsari. They've found their way onto plenty of popular artist pages.  If they are appropriate there, why not on popular art subject pages as well. -Ravenous 14:45, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The template featured in this article leads to a gallery of Danaë-related images at Commons. As all of these images are only a click away, I don't think it's necessary to include a gallery within the article itself, although I do think it would be a good idea to expand the article to the point where a few more images could be included. -Severa  (!!!) 01:18, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The problem with the commons tag is that someone coming here wouldn't know that there are masterpieces by some of the biggest names in art history hiding behind that link. Plus, unless you're a regular user you're not going to know what that link really is. Like I mentioned above, I am a regular user and I hardly ever notice it. Also, even if we expanded the page to fit a bunch more regular sized images, the only ones we have to choose from all depict the exact same scene.  Would we really want that?  What I'm suggesting is a section on the art impact with a small gallery of say 4-8 of the most well known paintings, each with a short summary, much like the featured article Adolfo Farsari I mentioned above.  If this kind of discussion hasn't come up before, perhaps we should bring it a larger forum, as it's relevant for a lot more than this Danae article.  There are several articles I think this type of thing would be appropriate for.  But I don't want to put in the work if someone is going to follow me and delete it all out of personal bias.   -Ravenous 03:44, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The issue has been discussed on WP:VPP more than once, but you may try to bring it up again. Even if the initial gallery is nice and the images are thoughtfully assorted, I predict that it will quickly degenerate into mess, as stray editors will be adding more and more images ad infinitum. --Ghirla-трёп- 07:37, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * That seems to be part of the larger problem of dealing with pages that have a lot of famous art associated with it, people are already adding more and more images. But they end up being large images, and the page layout gets messed up because there is not enough text.  Here's another example: Andromeda (mythology). I've found that any attempt to trim down the number of images is ultimately futile, people will just add them back.  At least with an art section and a gallery, there's an appropriate place for the images, and if it does get abused, the abuse is limited to only one portion of the page.  I don't know if it's the right answer or not, but it's got to be better than edit wars of which image to choose, and too many images breaking the page.  I'll give it a try on a page or two, and if it seems like a problem, we can go to the village pump about it. - Ravenous 18:00, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone has fell in platonic love with Danaë, I assume :) --Brand спойт 20:19, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

I think a solution might be to expand the article, add a few select images, and then police it regularily to make sure it doesn't get out of hand. Create a logical system for inclusion and then just revert any addition that falls outside of it. I've done this with "External links" sections at articles before. As most, but not all (see Waterhouse's Danaë), artistic renditions of Danaë depict her visitation by Zeus, a suggestion for picking the images for this article would be to choose ones that "represent" each artistic movement, which would give readers an idea of how Danaë has been envisioned by artists throughout the ages. -Severa (!!!) 11:53, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Other version (expand)
How common is this other version? Why is it secondary? etc. - 131.202.146.246 (talk) 19:36, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Another version
"Another version states that, angry that his grandfather tried to kill him and his mother, Perseus returned home and challenged Acrisius in his court. He took out Medusa's head from a sack and turned Acrisius and his court to stone."

Who wrote this alternate version? Is there a source for the above?

ICE77 (talk) 04:33, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The only version I know only has Perseus showing the head to Polydectes and his court, not Acrisius'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.216.23.136 (talk) 20:49, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

Request for external link to Correggio's Danae
I'm seeking consensus from this community to re-include a link to this page: http://beckydaroff.com/stories/details.php?recordID=159. This is an entry in 'Stories in Art,' my searchable database of paintings that tell stories: this entry is Correggio's depiction of Danae and the Shower of Gold. The user can visually compare this with other paintings that depict the theme of Danae, and other related themes such as Leda and the Swan (both stories about Zeus' lovers). 'Stories in Art' is a not-for-profit project. I do not benefit in any way from additional visits to my site, other than the gratification that a stranger might appreciate how different artists handle the same theme because of my project. Please ask any questions you may have, and thank you for your consideration. Bdaroff (talk) 01:27, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Much of this article is not really about Danae
A good 60% of this article seems to be about Perseus, Acrisias, and others. Only a handful of sentences are actually about Danae herself. Logically, it seems like the Perseus stuff should be in an article about Perseus, as it really has very little to do with Danae herself. Chillowack (talk) 17:07, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree, it needs a lot of work. I'd be in favour of chopping back to start again unless any objections. Ceoil  19:39, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

It also contains style of writing that is matched to specific people, for example; it includes this: BC, instead of BCE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.237.70.36 (talk) 09:15, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Danaë


text:
Tadeusz Baird

Tadeusz Baird (26 July 1928 – 2 September 1981) was a Polish composer.

Biography
Baird was born in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, in Poland. His father Edward was Polish, while his mother Maria (née Popov) was Russian. In 1944 at the age of 16 he was deported to Germany as a forced labourer, and after a failed escape attempt was imprisoned in a concentration camp. After liberation by the Americans he spent six months recovering at the military hospital in Zweckel before returning to Poland. Between 1947 and 1951 Baird studied composition and musicology in Warsaw under Piotr Rytek and Kazimierz Sikorski, and piano with Tadeusz Wituski. In 1949 he founded Group 49 along with Kazimierz Serocki and Jan Krenz. The aim of Group 49 was to write communicative and expressive music according to socialist realism, the dominant ideology in the Eastern Bloc at the time.

After Stalin's death in 1953 he increasingly turned to serialism. In 1956, along with Kazimierz Serocki, he founded the Warsaw Autumn international contemporary music festival. In 1974 he began to teach composition at the National College of Music (currently the Music Academy) in Warsaw. In 1977, now a full professor, he was offered a post to teach a composition class at the Warsaw Academy of Music, and also a membership of the Academie der Künste der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik – Berlin in 1979.

Baird died in 1981, aged 53.

Compositions
He wrote both large scale symphonies and chamber music, however, of great importance in his output are numerous vocal cycles inspired by poetry. He was also a composer of film and theatre music. Baird's music is usually melodic, lyrical, very expressive, and intensely subjective. It is often rooted in the post-Romantic tradition, despite the use of serial techniques. Alistair Wightman identifies Baird as "a late Romantic lyricist and successor not only to Berg, but Mahler and Szymanowski". Like Berg, his use of serialism was always very free and expressive, as in his String Quartet (1957).

But the later works, starting with the 1966 one-act opera Jutro ("tomorrow", based on the short story by Joseph Conrad) become darker, particularly in the orchestral piece Psychodrama (1972) and in his final work, the song cycle for baritone and orchestra Głosy z oddali (‘Voices from afar’), which sets a bleak text by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz on the subject of death and personal extinction. This change in perspective was a result of the traumatic experiences he faced during World War II and on into the early 1950s. Barbara Literska sees him as "a prophet of the future of music (postmodernity)".

Music for solo instruments

 * Sonatina I (1949) for solo piano
 * Sonatina II (1952) for solo piano
 * Little Suite for Children (1952) for solo piano

Chamber music

 * Two Caprices for Clarinet and Piano (1953) (2nd Prize, Polish Composers' Union)
 * Cztery Preludia [Four Preludes] for Bassoon and Piano (1954)
 * Divertimento for Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, and Bassoon (1956)
 * String Quartet (1957)
 * Play for String Quartet (1971)
 * Variations in Rondo Form for String Quartet (1978)

Orchestral works

 * Sinfonietta (1949)
 * Symphony I (1950) - Polish National Prize, 1951
 * Colas Breugnon: a suite in the old style for string orchestra with flute (1951)
 * Symphony II, quasi una fantasia (1952)
 * Concerto for Orchestra (1953)
 * Cassazione per orchestra (1956)
 * Four Essays (1958) - UNESCO Prize, 1959
 * Variations Without a Theme (1962)
 * Epiphany Music (1963)
 * Four Novelettes for chamber orchestra (1967)
 * Sinfonia Breve (1968)
 * Symphony III (1969) - National Prize, 1970
 * Psychodrama (1972)
 * Elegia (1973)
 * Canzona (1980)

Concertos

 * Piano Concerto (1949)
 * Four Dialogs for oboe and chamber orchestra (1964) - UNESCO Prize 1966
 * Oboe Concerto (1973)
 * Scenes for cello, harp and orchestra (1977)
 * Concerto Lugubre (1975) for viola and orchestra

Vocal-instrumental works

 * Four Love Sonnets for baritone and orchestra (1956) to texts by Shakespeare
 * Exhortation for reciting voice and orchestra (1960) to old Hebrew texts
 * Erotyki for soprano and orchestra (1961) to texts by Małgorzata Hilar
 * Five Songs for mezzo-soprano and six instruments (1970) to texts by H. Poświatowska - National Prize, 1970
 * Goethe Letters: Cantata for Baritone for mixed choir and orchestra (1970) to texts by Goethe and Charlotta von Stein
 * Głosy z oddali [Voices from Afar] for baritone and symphony orchestra (1981) to texts by J. Iwaszkiewicz (1981)

Opera

 * Tomorrow, a musical drama to a libretto by J. S. Sito (1964-66)

Film Music

 * Warsaw In Canaletto Paintings (Warszawa W Obrazach Canaletta) (1955)
 * The Noose (Pętla) (1958)
 * The Stone Sky (Kamienne Niebo) (1959)
 * Year One (Rok Pierwszy) (1960)
 * April (Kwiecień) (1961)
 * The Artillery Sergeant Kalen (Ogniomistrz Kalen) (1961)
 * Night Train (Ludzie Z Pociągu) (1961)
 * Samson (1961)
 * Between The Shores (Między brzegami) (1962)
 * Those Who Are Late (Spoznieni Przechodnie) (1962)
 * Manhunter (Naganiacz) (1963)
 * The Passenger (Pasażerka) (1963)
 * Room For One (Miejsce Dla Jednego) (1963)
 * Their Every Day Life (Ich Dzien Powszedni) (1963)
 * The Unknown (Nieznany) (1964)
 * Visit At The Kings (Wizyta U Królów) (1965)
 * Rugged Creativeness (Szorstka Twórczość) (!967)
 * When Love Was A Crime (Kiedy Miłość Była Zbrodnią) (1967)

Recordings

 * Eastern Discoveries. MSR MS1517 (2015). Four preludes for bassoon and piano
 * Epiphany Music. Olympia OCD 312 (1989). Epiphany Music for orchestra, Elegia For orchestra, Four Love Sonnets, Symphony No 3
 * Film Music, Volumes 1 and 2. Olympia OCD 604 (1994) and OCD 607 (1995)
 * Günter Wand: The Radio Recordings. Profil PH13038 (2016). Four Dialogues for oboe and orchestra
 * Orchestral Works. Koch 3-6770-2 (2001). Psychodrama, Oboe Concerto, Scenes for cello, harp and orchestra, Conzona for orchestra, Concerto Lugubre for viola and orchestra
 * Polish Piano Concertos. Dux 0651 (2009). Piano Concerto
 * Polish Songs. Acte Prealable APO 274 (2013). Trouveurs’ Songs
 * Psychodrama. Olympia 326 (2000). Psychodrama, Tomorrow
 * Songs and Orchestral Music. Olympia OCD 388 (1993). Voices From Afar, Goethe-Briefe, Scene For cello and harp With orchestra, Canzona for orchestra
 * Streichquartette. Colosseum 0648 (1986). Play for string quartet, Variations on Rondo Form, String Quartet No 1
 * Szymanowski, Gorecki, Baird. EMI 5 65418 (1995). Colas Breugnon Suite

title: Tadeusz Baird


text:
Talk:Thom Yorke

New page Dajana Roncione
I would like to open the new page Dajana Roncione, but I cannot, because this Dajana Roncione is already a redirecting of the page Thom Yorke.

The reason is that, perhaps, that Dajana is the wife of Thom. But I don't think this "commercial redirecting" is correct; so I can open the page only with Dajana Roncione (actress). This can be a diplomatic solution, but I don't find correct to redirect a name with another name.

Thank you

Rei Momo (talk) 18:41, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * , to make a page, you need to have sources showing that Roncione is notable for things other than her connection to Thom Yorke. Popcornfud (talk) 18:46, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * , you are right! What I don't find correct is that her wife redirects her name in his page. Thanks for your last replay, sincerely Rei Momo (talk) 18:53, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

Opening Line of "Artistry"
This doesn't make much sense to me. What a "typical" Radiohead song isn't clear, and most Radiohead songs do not start this way. What a "sketch" is is also not clear. I think this should be rewritten or removed altogether. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Healpa12 (talk • contribs) 07:19, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
 * This information is cited to an article by journalist Alex Ross:
 * A Radiohead song is usually written in three stages. First, Yorke comes up with a rough sketch; then Jonny, who studied classical composition in school, fleshes out the harmony; finally, the others digest it for a while, working out their parts on their own. It can be months, even years, before a song comes together in a way that satisfies all of them.
 * I'd say it provides relevant information about how Thom Yorke and Radiohead create music. This is a reliable source and it literally says Radiohead songs are "usually written" this way, so we'll need another reliable source if we want to say otherwise.
 * The text in the article to me is clear, but if you have any suggestions for clearer wording, by all means share. Popcornfud (talk) 12:08, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

I see, I originally took the statement to be talking about the way a finished Radiohead song sounds, not the process through which they are created. Healpa12 (talk) 23:20, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

Fair point, thanks for the feedback. I’ve tweaked it. Popcornfud (talk) 14:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

Climate change
Hi Popcornfud, can you please explain why Thom’s support for Extinction Rebellion has nothing to do with climate change in your eyes? This is the edit in question: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/1057014305 I have the impression that Thom is very concerned about the climate catastrophe and for that reason selected the movement as beneficiary. Thanks, —Daveboy123 (talk) 21:52, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi. That section should focus specifically on climate change topics that are specifically related to Thom Yorke. The bulk of the information I removed there is about the hack and subsequent Bandcamp release of the MiniDiscs album; the Extinction Rebellion thing is secondary. That section already has a lot of information about Yorke and climate change, and that story doesn't seem like a particularly notable example. Popcornfud (talk) 22:00, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

February 2022
Adding this quote in green at the end of this sentence: Seeing Siouxsie Sioux in concert at the Apollo in 1985 inspired him to become a performer: "I'd never seen anyone manage to captivate an audience like she did... It was an amazing show" basing on these two sources, seems to highly annoy a super fan who has put their stamp on this article. Primary sources are perfectly acceptable and reliable to submit a quote in a biography when a footnote with the entire quote is included in the source. Iennes (talk) 22:49, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It seems like you're the "highly annoyed" one here, no?
 * First, that isn't actually a WP:PRIMARYSOURCE, or a secondary source. It's a fan-uploaded recording of a copyrighted interview, uploaded to YouTube.
 * Secondly, and this is the bigger thing, I'm not sure what you see as particularly valuable about that quote; it seems to me the meat the statement here can be paraphrased sufficiently, per MOS:QUOTE. Presumably Yorke thought it was an "amazing show" or he wouldn't have found it inspiring. Popcornfud (talk) 22:56, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
 * BBC's official link is on. And even without an official audio link, one can include a primary source when including a footnote in the source with the actual quote of the artist, plus the timing when the quote is said. Iennes (talk) 23:07, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thom Yorke


text:
Renault Billancourt engine

The Billancourt engine was an automotive engine designed by Renault for the Renault 4CV, used subsequently until 1985. It later received the internal code "B", for Billancourt. The "sport" version is called Ventoux engine.

History
The engine is liquid-cooled, with four cylinders in line. It is also characterised by its three main bearing design and its piston stroke of 80 mm. It has a cast-iron block, aluminium cylinder head and uses a lateral camshaft to operate overhead valves, which also operated the fan belt on its other end. In June 1940, Louis Renault appointed Fernand Picard, who became deputy technical director in the automobile engine department. During World War II, he participated in the study of a small car: the future 4CV. Its engine was ready in 1942 and a year later, it first turned a wheel. Renault replaced this engine with the Cléon-Fonte engine, a completely new design.

This engine designed by Fernand Picard was produced from 1947 to 1985, in displacements of 603 cc, 748 cc, 782 cc, and 845 cc. These differences were carried out by changing the cylinder bore diameter

760 cc
Commercialized in 1947 with the Renault 4CV, the first version of the "engine Billancourt" was a 760 cc of 17 hp-metric SAE. In 1950, a 21 hp-metric SAE version was fitted to the Renault 4CV Grand Luxe, produced only in 1950.

747 cc
In October 1950, the 747 cc replaced the 760 cc. The slightly lower displacement was obtained by slightly reducing the size of the bore from 55 to 54.5 mm, while the stroke remained unchanged. This change was decided by the leaders of Renault in order to be able to use this extremely undersquare engine in competitions where it was necessary to stay below 750 cc to homologate the car in its category. This new displacement offered six power levels, from 24 to 35 hp-metric SAE, all of 4 fiscal horsepower.

782 cc
In 1971, the 782 cc appeared with an increased bore, from 54.5 to 55.8 mm, always with an unchanged stroke of 80 mm. This engine was proposed in both variants developing 27 and 36 hp-metric. The less powerful one was mounted under the hood of the Renault 4L produced between 1971 and 1980, while the variant developing 36 hp-metric was used on the Renault 5 produced between 1972 and 1976.

845 cc
The highest engine capacity of the Billancourt engine appeared in 1956 at the launch of the Renault Dauphine, one of the main models equipped with this engine; it displaces 845 cc. The rear-engine version was codenamed 670. It also equipped the Renault 4 from 1964 and the Renault 6 base model; in these front-engined, front-wheel drive applications the engine was codenamed 800. The bore was increased to 58 mm. The power ranged between 30 and 38 hp-metric SAE for standard (non-Gordini) engines.

The fourth and final version developed 38 hp-metric maximum power and 57 Nm torque at 2,500 rpm. This was made possible by machining the cylinder head, with new valves and valve seats, as well as improvements in engine cooling. It was fitted on the Renault 5L from 1977 to 1984. Later models were called B1B, reflecting Renault's new engine numbering system.

603 cc
This was the cheapest Billancourt engine to produce. The bore was reduced to 49 mm for a total displacement of 603 cc. The maximum power reached 23 hp-metric SAE, 20 hp-metric DIN at 4,800 rpm, while the maximum torque was 42 Nm. This engine was mounted only on the Renault 3 (1961-1962), an ultra-Spartan version of The Renault 4.

Ventoux Engine
The "sport" version is called Ventoux engine, named after the Mont Ventoux Hill Climb.

747 cc Ventoux
The sport variant of the engine, which equipped the Alpine A106 and the Renault 4 CV R1063, underwent major modifications which affected, among other things, the connecting rods (now more powerful and duralumin), the camshaft, the (larger) valves and the Solex carburetor. Significantly higher values were obtained, ranging from 35 hp-metric SAE nominal for a Renault 4 CV R1063 standard (up to 40 hp-metric SAE and more for the versions used in racing) to 43 hp-metric SAE for the engine used on the A106 (some were prepared at 50 hp-metric SAE). For this last application, the Solex twin-choke carburetor was preferred to a twin-choke Weber carburetor.

Ventoux Gordini
The more powerful versions were developed by Amédée Gordini from the original engine. The machining of the inclined valve seats allows for a greater range but leaving intact the camshaft spindle, improved cylinder head cooling, and the engine is fitted with a new 32 mm Solex carburettor. This, in conjunction with the increase in compression ratio, results in a maximum power of 37 hp-metric SAE at 5,000 rpm with a maximum torque of 62.8 Nm at 3500 rpm. This engine made its debut in the fall of 1957, then, in 1959, it underwent further modifications and its power was increased to 40 hp-metric SAE. The "Sorcerer" then makes a small preparation, thus the Dauphine Gordini (type R1091) is born in 1957.

The power of the block increases to 37 hp-metric SAE and the top speed to 126 km/h thanks to a new cylinder head, increased compression ratio and the use of a 32 mm carburetor, springs Harder valves and larger intake and exhaust ducts. The first modifications made by Amedée Gordini (cylinder head with vertical outlet) will not however be kept on the model of series for reasons of cost.

The engine will win three horses on the 1960 models. The Dauphine Gordini will appear in the catalog from the summer of 1957 to 1963 and reappear in 1965.

In 1960 and 1965, new modifications improved the torque. Then came a much more powerful version, obtained by a new camshaft, new valves, a 32 mm Solex double body carburettor, and by increasing the compression ratio to 9.2:1. bringing the maximum power to 55 hp-metric SAE, 49 hp-metric DIN.

Ventoux 1093
Renault called on Amédée Gordini to produce a supertuned version of the Renault Dauphine: The Dauphine 1093 (type R1093), a sporty derivative of the Dauphine which appeared at the end of 1961. The modifications mainly concerned the engine. It used pistons with convex heads (compression ratio increased to 9.2:1), a reversed Solex twin-choke carburetor type 32 PAIA 3, a special camshaft, double valve springs and Autobleu intake manifolds and exhaust. The sprockets were reinforced as well as the clutch. With a capacity of 55 hp-metric SAE, 49 hp-metric DIN, the car reached 140 km/h.

The 4th gear was modified compared to the box of the Dauphine Gordini. The original braking system was improved by the addition of cooling fins on the perimeter of the front drums. The suspension was that of the Dauphine type "bad roads" but with shorter springs without lowering the ground clearance. The 1093 was the only Dauphine to have been marketed in France with 12-volt electrical equipment similar to the export versions instead of the original 6 volts.

Externally, the 1093 was distinguished from the Dauphine Gordini by its big-diameter 180 mm headlights borrowed from the US version, its body white cream "Réjane" having two blue strips glued in the axis of the vehicle and "1093" badging to the right rear as well as the right front wing.

Inside, an additional tachometer was fitted to the left of the speedometer graduated up to 180 km/h.

Despite its very sporty character for "everyone", the 1093 series could not be competitive without having been prepared. The preparation consisted of modifying and polishing the existing mechanics because the new sports regulations in force as early as 1960 prohibited any increase in displacement as well as changes of parts. Ferry dealt with many of the 1093 Dauphine competitors who became "1093 Enhanced".

Only 2,140 copies (plus an additional 8 pre-series cars) were produced in two series. The first consisted of 1,650 units for homologation purposes (1,500 copies minimum), with a second batch of 490 units, fitted with disc brakes and painted white gray "Valois", built to meet additional customer demand. The 1093 is the most sought after of all the Dauphines. Today, it is estimated that around a hundred of 1093 have survived, half of which are still rolling.

In 1962, the Dauphine 1093 was seen at the Tour of Corsica Rally. However, its late launch and relatively modest performance improvements did not allow for a long sports career. The 1093 remains an engaging car that ensures the transition between the artisanal 4CV 1063 and the R8 Gordini that would revolutionize the car competition "tourism series".

Succession
In 1962, the Sierra engine, later renamed "Cléon-Fonte engine", appeared on the Renault Floride S and the Renault 8. It innovated with its five-bearing crankshaft. It was a medium-displacement engine, not replacing the Billancourt engine which remained to power lower-range models. Over the years, cars became heavier and more efficient, forcing Renault to abandon the Billancourt engine and, as a result, the Cléon-Fonte engine came to be considered a small-displacement engine by 1980, when the Billancourt engine disappeared.

The Cléon-Fonte engine is not an evolution of the Billancourt engine but an entirely new engine designed by the engineer René Vuaillat. Both engines have a lateral camshaft and a chain or sprocket drive, and so a distant resemblance.

Models equipped with this engine

 * Renault 4CV
 * Renault Dauphine and Ondine
 * Renault Juvaquatre
 * Renault Caravelle and Renault Floride
 * Renault Estafette
 * Renault 3
 * Renault 4
 * Renault 5
 * Renault 6
 * Alpine A106
 * Alpine A108

title: Renault Billancourt engine


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User:FuzzyBunny

Hello,

I've mostly just concentrate on creating pages regarding Major League Soccer.

Two personal links:

My veneered,  penrose tiled  desk, here.

My band's website, Clever Muse. We've finished our 4th album, Tacky Badge. We are working on our 5th, Plus. Influences: The Smiths, Radiohead, The Frames, Robyn Hitchcock, Velvet Underground, and my personal favorite, Trash Can Sinatras.

All our songs are available for download.

title: User:FuzzyBunny


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Talk:Michael Spilotro

Untitled
if we are to keep this we shoudl say something about this man. otherwise, he can be mentioned in that article Cavebear42 04:13, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Exactly. Single-sentence substubs devoid of content are usually deleted on sight.  However, reposting them once they've been deleted will get you branded as a vandal.  You can kiss your editing privileges goodbye if that happens.  Please consider getting a user name and doing the right thing. - Lucky 6.9 05:10, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Minor (but necessary) change
For a very obvious reason, I saved the page with the statement "Spilotro was severely beaten and buried alive", changed from the original "Spilotro was beaten to death and buried alive" O_O --SlightlyInsane 00:29, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 07:22, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

--

"Michael first met Robert in May 1954, when Robert was only 17-years-old." This can't be, as Robert Conrad was born March 1, 1930. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Conrad —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.74.23.121 (talk) 21:55, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Michael Spilotro


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Lee Greenwood

Melvin Lee Greenwood (born October 27, 1942) is an American country music singer-songwriter and saxophonist. Active since 1962, he has released more than 20 major-label albums and has charted more than 35 singles on the Billboard country music charts.

Greenwood is known for his patriotic signature song "God Bless the U.S.A.," which was originally released in the spring of 1984 and became a popular song. That summer, it was included in a film about President Ronald Reagan, the Republican presidential nominee, that was shown at the 1984 Republican National Convention. "God Bless the U.S.A." gained prominence during the 1988 United States presidential election campaign, when Greenwood performed the song at the 1988 Republican National Convention and at rallies for the Republican nominee, George H.W. Bush. The song was also featured in television advertisements for Bush. It later became popular again during the Gulf War in 1991 and after the September 11, 2001, attacks (becoming his highest charting pop hit, reaching number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100), and again during the 2016, 2020 United States presidential elections and 2024 as President Donald Trump's rally introduction track.

He also has charted seven number-ones on the U.S. Hot Country Songs list in his career: "Somebody's Gonna Love You", "Going, Going, Gone", "Dixie Road", "I Don't Mind the Thorns (If You're the Rose)", "Don't Underestimate My Love For You", "Hearts Aren't Made to Break (They're Made to Love)", and "Mornin' Ride". His 1983 single "I.O.U." was also a top-five hit on the adult contemporary charts, and a number 53 on the Hot 100.

Early life
Greenwood was born in South Gate, California, a few miles south of Los Angeles. After his parents separated, he grew up in Sacramento, on the farm of his maternal grandparents. At the age of seven, he started singing in church.

Greenwood did not serve in the United States military despite the universal draft at the time. He has said that was given a 3A deferment for family hardship due to having children at age 17. He eloped to Reno, Nevada with his first wife Edna Greenwood in 1960.

Career

Greenwood founded his first band, The Apollos, in 1962. The band, which changed its name later to Lee Greenwood Affair, played mostly pop music and appeared mostly in casinos in Las Vegas, Nevada. In 1969, he joined the Chester Smith Band and had his first television appearance. A short time later, he worked with the country musician Del Reeves. A few records were recorded in Los Angeles with the Paramount label. After the band broke up in the 1970s, Greenwood moved back to Las Vegas, where he worked as a blackjack dealer during the day and as a singer at night.

In 1979, he was "discovered" in Reno, Nevada, by Larry McFaden, the bandleader and bassist of Mel Tillis. After making some demo tapes, Greenwood was signed in 1981 by the Nashville division of the MCA label (which had recently absorbed the Paramount label), and McFaden became his manager.

The first single, the Jan Crutchfield-penned "It Turns Me Inside Out", made it to a spot in the top 20 of the country chart in 1981. The song had been written for Kenny Rogers, Rogers recorded a version but decided to pass on it due to the sheer volume of songs he had been offered to record at the time. "Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands" landed him in the country top 10. Each song was marketed heavily, particularly in the South Florida market by MCA Account Service Representative, Brad Fitzgerald, among others.

Greenwood is known for writing and recording "God Bless the U.S.A." in the early 1980s, and later "God Bless You Canada". The song gained renewed popularity following the launch of Operation: Desert Storm in 1991, and again, 10 years later, following the September 11, 2001, attacks. "God Bless the U.S.A." re-entered the top 20 of the country charts in late 2001. Since then, Greenwood has played across the US, at many public events and commemorations of the attacks.

The day before the inauguration of Donald Trump, Greenwood performed at the Make America Great! Welcome Celebration. "God Bless the U.S.A." was used by Donald Trump as one of his campaign songs during the 2016 presidential election and the 2018 midterm elections, and was used again during the 2020 presidential election.

Greenwood performed for Marsha Blackburn after her victory in her Senate election.

On May 19, 2018, Lee Greenwood was awarded the MMP Music Award for his lifelong contribution to the music industry and inducted into the MMP Hall of Fame by Commander Joseph W. Clark.

Greenwood made a surprise appearance at the 2024 RNC Convention on July 15, 2024 and performed "God Bless the U.S.A" while then former-President Donald Trump, the 2024 Republican Presidential Nominee, entered the arena which served as Trump's first appearance at a public event since surviving an assassination attempt two days prior.

National Council on the Arts
In September 2008, President George W. Bush nominated Greenwood to succeed Makoto Fujimura for a six-year term to the National Council on the Arts expiring in 2014. He was confirmed by the Senate via voice vote in October 2008. In 2015, President Barack Obama nominated Esperanza Spalding to succeed Greenwood; however, the nomination was not acted upon by the Senate, allowing Greenwood to continuing serving under Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump until the Senate confirmed a nominated successor. In June 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Kamilah Forbes to succeed Greenwood. In September 2021, Greenwood told Fox and Friends that the Biden administration sent him an email informing him that the president had already nominated his replacement on the National Council on the Arts and expressed his "shock" at being replaced. Forbes got confirmed by the Senate on February 17, 2022, via voice vote.

Theater
In 1995, Greenwood took a break from his touring schedule to spend more time with his family. In his time off, he elected to build a theater in Sevierville, Tennessee, and in April 1996, the Lee Greenwood Theater opened its doors. This gave Greenwood the opportunity to perform daily shows, in addition to being with his family. The theater operated for five seasons, and closed for Greenwood to continue touring. The former theater building is host to a church.

The "God Bless the USA" Bible
In May 2021, to commemorate the 2001 attack on the World Trade Center, Greenwood published the God Bless the U.S.A. Bible. This edition of the Bible has the U.S. flag on its leather cover and includes the texts of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, the Pledge of Allegiance, and the chorus of "God Bless the USA" in Greenwood's handwriting. The text of the Bible was intended to be the New International Version, but Zondervan, the division of HarperCollins that owns the rights to the New International Version, withheld them rather than associate Christianity with U.S. nationalism, and it used the King James Version, which is in the public domain in the United States. It created further controversy in 2024 when former president Donald Trump promoted a new edition of it.

Family
Greenwood is married to former Miss Tennessee USA Kimberly Payne, his fourth wife and fifth marriage. The former Miss Payne is 25 years his junior. They have two sons together, Dalton and Parker Greenwood. Previously he was married four times, the first two of them to Edna Greenwood, whom he divorced and remarried. He has four children from his earlier marriages.

title: Lee Greenwood


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Kanesatake

Kanesatake (Kanehsatà:ke in Mohawk) is a Mohawk (Kanien'kéha:ka in Mohawk) settlement on the shore of the Lake of Two Mountains in southwestern Quebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Ottawa and Saint Lawrence rivers and about 48 km west of Montreal. People who reside in Kanehsatà:ke are referred to as Mohawks of Kanesatake (Kanehsata'kehró:non in Mohawk). As of 2022, the total registered population was 2,751, with a total of about 1,364 persons living on the territory. Both they and the Mohawk of Kahnawake, Quebec (Kahnawà:ke in Mohawk), a reserve located south of the river from Montreal, also control and have hunting and fishing rights to Doncaster 17 Indian Reserve (Tiowéro:ton in Mohawk).

The Mohawk people historically are the most easterly nation of the Haudenosaunee (Six Nations Iroquois). By 1730, this confederacy was made up of six Iroquoian-speaking nations who were based mostly east and south of the Great Lakes, in present-day New York along the Mohawk River west of the Hudson, and in Pennsylvania. They also controlled hunting territory by right of conquest that extended into the Ohio and Shenandoah valleys.

After French exploration and its beginnings of colonial developments, its traders worked with the Mohawk in villages in the Mohawk Valley. Jesuit missionaries evangelized their people. Some Mohawk moved closer for trade with French colonists in what became Quebec, Canada, or settled in nearby mission villages. In the mid-nineteenth century, after Great Britain had taken over former French territory east of the Mississippi River following its defeat of France in the Seven Years' War, its colonial government formally recognized the people of Kanehsatà:ke as one of the Seven Nations of Canada. These were First Nations who were allies of the British.

Today this territory, classified by the federal government as an interim land base, is one of several major settlements in Canada where the Mohawk are self-governing; the others are classified under the Indian Act as reserves. The reserves include Kahnawake and Akwesasne along the St. Lawrence River, both formed during the French colonial period; the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, a reserve organized after the American Revolutionary War by the Crown to provide the Iroquois with land in compensation for what they lost of their former territories in the Thirteen Colonies; and Tyendinaga, where the Mohawk constitute the majority of residents.

History
By the 14th century, some Iroquoian-speaking peoples, later called the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, had created fortified villages along the fertile valley of what is now called the St. Lawrence River. They spoke a discrete Laurentian language. Among their villages were Stadacona and Hochelaga, recorded as visited in 1535–1536 by French explorer Jacques Cartier.

By the time Samuel de Champlain explored the same area 75 years later, the villages had disappeared. The Kanienkehaka (Mohawk), based in other Iroquoian territories, used the valley for hunting grounds and routes for war parties. Historians are continuing to examine the St. Lawrence Iroquoian culture, but theorize that the stronger Kanienkehaka (Mohawk) waged war against this people to get control of the fur trade and hunting along the valley downriver from Tadoussac. (The Montagnais controlled Tadoussac, which was closer to the Atlantic coast.) For a period the Wyandot people (also known as Huron), another Iroquoian-speaking people based north of Lake Ontario, may also have hunted here.

As noted above, by 1600, the Mohawk of the Iroquois Confederacy, based largely in present-day New York and Pennsylvania south of the Great Lakes, used the St. Lawrence Valley for hunting grounds. The Mohawk were the easternmost of the Five Nations. While the Mohawk and contemporary Iroquoian nations shared certain culture with the earlier Iroquoian groups, archeological and linguistic studies since the 1950s have demonstrated that the Mohawk and St. Lawrence Iroquoians were distinctly separate peoples. Historians and anthropologists believe the Mohawk pushed out or destroyed the St. Lawrence Iroquoians.

In the colonial period, the French established trading posts and missions with the Mohawk. They also had intermittent conflict with the tribe and raiding took place between them. Some Mohawk moved near or in Montreal for trading and protection at mission villages, located south of the St. Lawrence River.

In 1717, the King of France granted the Mohawk in Quebec a tract of land 9 miles long by 9 miles wide about 40 miles to the northwest of Montreal, under the condition that they leave the island of Montreal. The settlement of Kanesatake was formally founded as a Catholic mission, a seigneury under the supervision of the Sulpician Order for 300 Christian Mohawk, about 100 Algonquin, and approximately 250 Nipissing peoples in their care. Over time the Sulpicians claimed total control of the land, gaining a deed that gave them legal title. But the Mohawk had believed that this land was being held in trust for them.

The Sulpician mission village of Lake of Two Mountains (Lac des Deux Montagnes), west of Montreal, became known both by its Algonquin name Oka (meaning "pickerel"), and the Mohawk language Kanehsatà:ke ("sandy place"); however, the Algonquin also called the village Ganashtaageng after the Mohawk-language name.

During the colonial period, a majority of the Mohawk in Quebec converted to Catholicism. They grew wary of the Sulpicians due to mistreatment and unjust dealings with regard to their right to the land. The Sulpicians sold some of it for settlement, and the village of Oka developed around the Kanesatake reserve. In 1787 Chief Aughneeta complained by letter to Sir John Johnson, the British superintendent general of Indian Affairs, that the Mohawk had moved to Kanesatake only after being promised a deed to the land by the King of France.

By 1851, the Mohawk made seven other protests about the land to the government. Mohawk dissent increased, and their conversion to Protestantism in 1851 was avoided only when the Sulpicians excommunicated 15 activists. In 1868 the Mohawk selected Sosé Onasakenrat as chief at the age of 22. Baptized as Joseph, he had been educated by the Sulpicians in a Catholic seminary and worked with them afterward at Oka. That year he traveled to Montreal to present the Mohawk land claim to the seigneury, but to no avail. Later that year, he and many other Mohawk converted to the Protestant Methodist Episcopal Church, as they were outraged by their treatment by the Catholic Church.

In 1880 Onasakenrat was ordained and became a Methodist missionary to the Mohawk-dominated communities at Kahnawake and Akwesasne. These later were designated as First Nations reserves, primarily occupied by Mohawk. He began to urge moderation and acceptance of a Sulpician offer to buy land for the Mohawk away from Oka and to pay for their move. He lost the support of many followers by this change in position and died in 1881 at age 35. Six months later, when the Sulpicians had completed arrangements for the relocation, only 20 percent of the Mohawk left Kanehsatà:ke to relocate to present-day Wahta Mohawk Territory near Muskoka, Ontario.

In 1910 the Sulpician Order claim to the land was upheld by the Canadian Supreme Court. Kanesatake has been defined by the federal government as an 'interim land base', unlike the reserves, which are a creation of the Indian Act.

Governance
The Mohawk at Kanehsatà:ke continued "custom", or the traditional practice of having clan mothers select chiefs from clans with hereditary leadership responsibility. Clan mothers made the selection and could remove their support from a chief whose actions displeased them, causing him to step down. Like the other Iroquois nations and many other Native American tribes, the Mohawk had a matrilineal kinship system, with inheritance and property passed through the maternal line.

In the late 20th century, the Mohawk renewed a land claim case to recover their property at Kanesatake. The courts ruled against them on technical issues. The settlement is surrounded by the city of Oka, Quebec.

In 2001 Parliament passed S-24, to clarify the relationship between Kanesatake and the federal government, and make the band's relationship with provincial and federal governments comparable to those of the governments of reserves. Different members of the community have disputed the interpretation of the intent and implementation of this act. Disagreements over this legislation added to internal tensions among different groups on the reserve.

Kanehsatà:ke Resistance
Kanehsatà:ke is the oldest continuing Mohawk community today and existed pre-European contact. It was the first community to accept kaianera'kó:wa (the 'great law of peace'), and is mentioned in the condolence ceremony (hi hi) of a chief and clan mother. The town of Oka developed along the Lake of Two Mountains through the fraudulent sale of land of the Mohawk community of Kanehsatà:ke by the Sulpician order. The Sulpicians sold off land to French settlers and were the biggest landowners in the region.

Since 1717, when the Sulpician priests arrived with their Mohawk, Nippising, and Algonquin Christian converts, the Mohawk have contested the Sulpician land claim. They argue that the King of France, Louis XIV, never owned the land and thus the Crown did not have the right to grant the land to the Sulpician Order.

Included in this territory is a pine forest and cemetery that was long used by the Mohawk. It is still accessible, although it is not part of the Kanesatake reserve. The Mohawks of Kanesatake have tried many times to resolve the land dispute (as part of their land claim against the government and Sulpician mission), but were rejected by the Crown on technical issues.

In 1990, the town of Oka unilaterally approved plans to expand their 9-hole golf course to an 18-hole course and related buildings. The Mohawk protested formally because the development would affect the historic cemetery, and they considered the land to be sacred. The city persisted in letting the developer proceed in spite of protests from the community. In response, the Mohawk barricaded a secondary dirt road leading into the pines slated for development, in order to prevent the developers from cutting any trees.

After the city gained three injunctions against the barricade, and the Mohawk had tried to gain a moratorium on development, the provincial Sûreté du Québec (SQ) police raided the barricade in the early morning hours of July 11, 1990. Oka requested support from the SQ, which barricaded Route 344 leading to Kanehsatà:ke. In the first days of the confrontation, a police officer was killed in an exchange of gunfire with the protesters.

The SQ were joined by a paramilitary squad of Canadian army and Montreal police. The Quebec government requested support from the Canadian Army, which sent in 3700 troops. This was the beginning of a 78-day standoff between the Mohawk Nation and their allies (both aboriginal and non-aboriginal) against the SQ and Canadian Army.

The sister community of Kahnawake erected a barricade on the Mercier Bridge at the South Shore of Montreal, in support of the Mohawk at Kahnesatake. Non-Mohawk residents of the area became enraged about traffic delays in trying to get through the area and across the river.

Provincial and national leaders participated in negotiations between the Mohawk and the provincial government. Negotiations between the Mohawk nation and the Quebec and the Canadian governments did not resolve the land issue. The International Federation of Human Rights, based in Paris, France, investigated and concluded that neither the provincial nor federal governments acted in good faith during negotiations. But the Mohawk at Kanehsatà:ke were forced by the Canadian Army to remove their barricades. Police and military forces pushed the remaining protesters back until they were confined to the Onentokon Treatment Centre and surrounded by the military.

In the end, the Mohawk chose to leave the treatment center, although they did not formally surrender. Those who remained at the treatment center were immediately arrested, with the men and the women separated and sent to the Farnham army base. Other Mohawk activists were ultimately arrested for criminal acts committed before the army moved into the community. These Mohawk were convicted.

All the Mohawk arrested at the treatment center on the issue of the barricades were acquitted. A separate trial was held for individual Mohawks, who were charged. As of 2019, the land dispute is still ongoing.

Representation in other media

 * Some of the events and history are explored in Alanis Obomsawin's documentary film, Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance (1993).
 * Beans, a fictional semi-autobiographical film written and directed by Tracey Deer, was featured in the 2021 New York International Children's Film Festival. Set during the Oka crisis, the film features a lead role played by Kiawenti'io Tarbell, a young Mohawk actress from Akwesasne.

Electoral changes
In 1991, the people adopted an electoral political system for the first time (see Governance below). Because they do not come under the Indian Act, their choice was still considered "custom." There has continued to be internal division over how chiefs are selected. In the first election, Jerry Peltier was elected as grand chief and served two terms into 1996.

In 2013 the Kanehsatà:ke Health Centre Inc. was the first Indigenous health centre in North America to receive a Baby Friendly Accreditation.

That same year, the local Pikwadin group, a funded initiative of the First Nations Human Resource and Development Commission of Quebec, began a re-vamp of the local radio station CKHQ 101.7 FM. It had become idle after its previous manager died in 2003. In 2004, the station failed to renew its broadcasting licence with the CRTC. The radio station was running under a pirate radio status pending a licence renewal until it was accepted on June 17, 2014. The Montréal-based non-profit organization Exeko assisted with the licensing process through their idAction program.

The band has had a traditional form of governance under the longhouse, a system that existed pre-contact. This is still practiced by much of the community. Canada refuses to recognize the longhouse and excludes its leaders from any form of decision-making on land rights.

Governance
Following the Oka Crisis, the Mohawk of Kanehsatà:ke altered their method of governance, under provisions of the Indian Act. In 1991, citizens held the first general elections for grand chief and six council chiefs. Chiefs previously had traditional hereditary claims to positions through their clans under the matrilineal kinship system, in which inheritance and property were passed through the maternal lines. Chiefs were nominated and could be unseated by clan mothers.

In 1991, Jerry Peltier was elected as grand chief and served until 1996. He also served as Chairman for the Quebec First Nations Education Council.

In the 1990s, the nation began to exercise more autonomy and established its own police force.

In 2004 and 2005, disputes over the governance practices of Grand Chief James Gabriel, who had been elected three times in succession, resulted in violence and political disruption in Kanehsatà:ke. Chiefs Pearl Bonspille, Steven Bonspille and John Harding (Sha ko hen the tha) opposed Gabriel. They and other opponents effectively ended Gabriel's tenure as grand chief.

John Harding and fellow council chiefs Steven Bonspille (who was elected to the council in 2001) and Pearl Bonspille said they opposed Gabriel's attempt to control policing. In January 2004, in concert with Quebec provincial police, Gabriel brought in more than 60 officers from other reserves and forces for a drug raid. These three chiefs considered Gabriel's action to be an unlawful attempt to usurp the power of the Police Commission. After 200 community members surrounded the police station, the 67 special constables were forced to take shelter there. Gabriel lost his home when it was burned in an alleged arson incident; he left the community for Montreal. Following his departure, "A long criminal trial resulted in multiple convictions of Kanesatake residents for arson, rioting and other offences."

Meanwhile, the reserve organized a Community Watch team to counter the lack of a police force. A liaison team was established with the SQ. Political communication lines were opened up with the Quebec government to prevent another crisis like the one in 1990 at Oka.

Following the overthrow of Gabriel, elections were held on June 26, 2005. Steven Bonspille defeated Gabriel in the election for grand chief. Harding and Pearl Bonspille were both replaced as chiefs on the council when six Gabriel allies were elected to the open posts. The Nation operated under a federal trusteeship, while an investigation was conducted of alleged spending excesses under Gabriel. Findings were not conclusive.

Tribal engagement in politics has remained high. In 2008 some 25 candidates ran for seven seats on the council. Steven Bonspille did not run for re-election, having moved off the reserve to Oka. More than 2300 Kanesatake voters were registered: 1685 who live on the reserve territory and 664 outside.

As of 2015, the grand chief of Kanesatake was Serge Otsi Simon. Soon after his election, he spoke in an interview with the Montreal Gazette about the Oka Crisis.

Education
The French school board is Commission scolaire de la Seigneurie-des-Mille-Îles. The zoned schools are:
 * École des Pins (Oka)
 * École secondaire d'Oka (Oka)

The area English school board is the Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board. As of 2014, 55 students from Kanesatake choose to attend Lake of Two Mountains High School in Deux-Montagnes. Kanesatake is in the attendance boundary of Lake of Two Mountains. Mountainview Elementary School and Saint Jude Elementary School, both in Deux-Montagnes, also serve this community.

title: Kanesatake


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John Nowak

John Nowak
Delete. Appears to be vanity; no information is produced to show that this is a notable artist. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:16, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Check the history, the man himself made the page. Total vanity. DragonGuyver 03:07, 8 Oct 2004 (EST)
 * Delete. Vanity substub. Not notable enough. jni 07:42, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Substub of no value. Geogre 18:02, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity with no content of value MarkS 21:07, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * D. fails google test Wolfman 15:14, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
N.W.A. and the Posse

N.W.A. and the Posse is a compilation album, re-releasing N.W.A and associated groups' underground rap songs from the Los Angeles area's rap scene on November 6, 1987. It is regarded as American rap group N.W.A's first but neglected album;  N.W.A's authorized debut studio album, rather, is Straight Outta Compton, released in August 1988. Whereas the Straight album was certified platinum, one million copies sold in July 1989, the Posse album was certified gold, half as many copies sold, in April 1994.

Originally not N.W.A's intended album release, the Posse album was released by Macola Records—which was then the Los Angeles hip hop scene's main distributor—by collecting songs, mainly N.W.A's EP titled N.W.A, that Macola had distributed for N.W.A's record label, Ruthless Records. Macola omitted the N.W.A track "A Bitch iz a Bitch" which was recorded around the same time but not included on the EP either to favor party, electro sounds, like the "Panic Zone" track, that led the Los Angeles rap scene until N.W.A's Straight album hit. Months after Straight Outta Compton was released the new Ruthless distributor, Priority Records, re-issued the Posse album with the "Bitch" track replacing "Scream".

Backstory
Six of the 11 tracks on the Posse album are from then-N.W.A members: Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube and Arabian Prince. MC Ren and DJ Yella were not yet in N.W.A, however Ren does appear on the cover photograph. One track is of Microphone Mike, later called Myka 9, along with Rappinstine, a traveling faction of the DJ crew World Class Wreckin' Cru, whose core had yielded N.W.A's Dr. Dre and DJ Yella.

Four of the Posse album's tracks are from the Fila Fresh Crew, a rap crew including Doc-T, who soon renamed himself The D.O.C. Dr. Dre discovered them in Texas, where a DJ friend of his, Dr. Rock, had invited him to perform at a nightclub, where the Fila Fresh Crew was performing. These four tracks had previously been released by Ruthless Records.

Macola
The World Class Wreckin' Cru', including Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, led by Grandmaster Lonzo, were signed to Lonzo's label Kru-Cut Records, a sublabel of Macola Records, the area's leading distributor of rap records. The success of Eazy’s single "Boyz-n-the-Hood" prompted Eazy's call for an N.W.A EP, distributed by Macola. The EP's five songs included Eazy and Cube on "Dopeman", Eazy on "8 Ball", and Arabian's production "Panic Zone."

After the release of the EP, N.W.A left Macola and signed to Priority. Macola wasn’t too happy and wanted to cash in on the group so they took the songs from Eazy’s Boyz-n-the-Hood single as well as the N.W.A EP and combined them with a bunch of random songs that Macola had in their library and this resulted in the N.W.A. and the Posse album.

Cover photo
For the EP 's cover photo which is the same cover used for the album, Eazy summoned N.W.A' s members to pose for the camera in a Hollywood alleyway near Macola's office. Reportedly, some who were photographed wound up there by merely driving or accompanying another. Future N.W.A rapper MC Ren, living near Eazy, although photographed, was not yet in N.W.A. On the other hand, DJ Yella, although closely associated with the rest of the group is absent, due to being sick on the day the photo was taken. Yella, however, was not active within the group when the picture was taken and the EP was released and only joined later on that year shortly before Ren after the group was signed to Priority Records.

Track list
All songs produced by either Dr. Dre, Arabian Prince or both.

title: N.W.A. and the Posse


text:
Category:Colombian people

articles on people (individuals) who are or were citizens of Colombia, either by birth or citizenship, or who are now living or lived in Colombia for an extended period of time. It may also include articles on people who were born in Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador when these territories formed part of the historic Colombian territory (e.g., Simón Bolívar)

title: Category:Colombian people


text:
Mayor of Auckland

The Mayor of Auckland is the directly elected head of the Auckland Council, the local government authority for the Auckland Region in New Zealand, which it controls as a unitary authority. The position exists since October 2010 after the amalgamation of various territorial authorities. The mayor is supported by a deputy mayor.

Background
The position was first filled by election on 9 October 2010 for the establishment of the Auckland Council on 1 November 2010. The Council replaced seven territorial authority councils, including the Auckland City Council, and also the Auckland Regional Council. Before 2010, "Mayor of Auckland" was an informal term applied to the Mayor of Auckland City, head of the Auckland City Council.

Until October 2013, when new mayoral powers set out in the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Act 2012 came into effect, the Mayor of Auckland had more powers compared to other mayors in New Zealand.

Role of mayor
The mayor has the powers to establish their own office, create and dissolve governing body committees and appoint the chairpersons of the council's committees. The mayor chairs the governing body and may exercise a casting vote if a tie arises during a vote.

History of mayoral contests
During the first mayoral election for Auckland Council in 2010, outgoing Mayor of Manukau City Len Brown was elected, defeating outgoing Mayor of Auckland City John Banks, outgoing Mayor of North Shore City Andrew Williams and prominent Christian businessman Colin Craig, amongst others. The mayoral office had a budget of $4.1 million and a staff of 18 in 2011. Brown preferred not to use the honorific "His Worship".

Contenders in the 2013 Auckland mayoral election included Brown, John Minto and John Palino. Brown was re-elected.

Brown announced in November 2015 that he would not contest the 2016 mayoral election. There were 19 contenders for the position, and Phil Goff won with 49% of the vote, against Victoria Crone, John Palino, and Chlöe Swarbrick.

In the 2019 mayoral election, Goff won re-election against 21 contenders with 49% of the vote. Other contenders who received a high share of the vote include John Tamihere (22%), Craig Lord (8%), John Hong (4%) and Ted Johnston (4%).

In February 2022, Goff announced he would not stand in the October 2022 mayoral election. The election won by Wayne Brown, with 45% of the vote.

Role of deputy mayor
The deputy mayor is the second highest elected official in the Auckland Council. The deputy mayor acts in support of the Mayor of Auckland. It is the second highest elected position in the council. However, like the position of Deputy Prime Minister, this seniority does not necessarily translate into power. They are appointed by the mayor from the elected ward councillors. The current deputy mayor is Desley Simpson, who represents the Ōrākei ward on the Auckland Council. Simpson was selected to be deputy by incoming mayor Wayne Brown.

Beyond committees of the whole council, the deputy mayor is an ex-officio member of the following Auckland Council committees: Like any other councillor, the deputy mayor may be appointed to additional committees which the mayor wishes to appoint them to.
 * Performance and Appointments Committee
 * Audit and Risk Committee
 * Civil Defence & Emergency Management Committee
 * Community Development and Safety Committee
 * Council-Controlled Organisation Direction and Oversight Committee
 * Expenditure Control and Procurement Committee
 * Regulatory and Safety Committee
 * Auckland Domain Committee

title: Mayor of Auckland


text:
File:Harry Chapin - Heads & Tales.jpg

Summary
Harry Chapin - Heads and Tales album cover

title: File:Harry Chapin - Heads & Tales.jpg


text: Category:Geography of Italy

title: Category:Geography of Italy


text:
Heads & Tales (album)

Heads & Tales is the first studio album by the American singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1972. The album contains Chapin's first hit, "Taxi." The album and single both charted successfully for over six months, with both selling over 1 million copies each.

Early LP pressings of Heads & Tales featured a die-cut front cover with a square hole in it, allowing the "cover" photo of Chapin (which is actually on an enclosed poster/lyric sheet) to be seen through the hole, creating a three-dimensional effect.

"Taxi" was released as a 45 rpm single, and charted at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Personnel

 * Harry Chapin - guitar, vocals
 * Steve Chapin - keyboards
 * Russ Kunkel - drums, percussion
 * Ronald Palmer - guitar, vocals
 * Tim Scott - cello
 * John Wallace - bass, vocals

title: Heads & Tales (album)


text:
Heads and Tails

Heads and Tails may refer to:

 * Heads and Tails (card game), a solitaire card game which uses two decks of playing cards.
 * Heads and Tails (film), a 1995 Russian Film
 * Heads and Tails (Russian telecast), a Ukrainian Russian-speaking travel series
 * Heads and Tails (TV series), a British children's programme

title: Heads and Tails


text:
Talk:Isle of Portland

Primary name: "Portland" or "Isle of Portland"?
The names "Portland" and "Isle of Portland" seem to be used interchangeably. Do the names signify anything different, or are they simply synonyms? Does one name have primacy of common usage over the other? If the names are equivalent, could the article settle on a primary name for consistency throughout (with explanatory note in the lede)? Feline Hymnic (talk) 18:07, 28 July 2018 (UTC)
 * The two versions do not signify anything diffferent. In fact differing versions of Ordnance Survey maps show the two names. I personally prefer "Isle of Portland", but perhaps we should wait for other editors comments? Regards, David J Johnson (talk) 11:33, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

Maritime House
Any info about this place Maritime House/Portland Spa Hotel and Conference Centre/ https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62118405 / Atlantic Academy Portland Maritime House campus. https://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/4661078.21_lose_jobs_as_Portland_Spa_hotel_and_conference_centre_closes/ ? Purpose/signifigance? Bogger (talk) 15:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

History jumps, ignoring Rufus Castle
The history section mentions Vikings in the 8th century, then jumps to Henry VIII building Portland Castle in the 16th century. This is odd, because Rufus Castle (15th century on 12th century foundations) has its own wikipedia page. It should be referred to and linked to.Dean1954 (talk) 13:12, 17 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Dean1954 might you be able to do the editing you suggest?SovalValtos (talk) 13:27, 17 June 2019 (UTC)

I could insert a reference to Rufus castle. I'm not sure about putting in a link.Dean1954 (talk) 14:25, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
 * If you are unsure about the mechanics of linking or editing, what you might do is draft a sentence or two here in this conversation. Then one of us could incorporate it into the article. Feline Hymnic (talk) 11:47, 21 June 2019 (UTC)

Rufus Castle, also known erroneously as Bow & Arrow Castle, stands on a promontory over Church Ope Cove, which was the normal landing place before the 19th C. construction of Portland Harbour. Rufus castle has no connection with William Rufus, being constructed in the 15th C. for Richard, Duke of York. It took no part in the Wars of the Roses, but is an interesting example of a very early artillery fort. (needs link) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dean1954 (talk • contribs) 11:16, 1 July 2019 (UTC) ping|Dean1954}} Thanks; that was useful. I've tried to incorporate this into Isle of Portland, bearing in mind that there are already articles about the Castle itself and Church Ope Cove. (Note that, for example, "artillery fort" details would primarily belong in the castle's own article. Yet even that article doesn't mention "artillery fort".) Feline Hymnic (talk) 09:40, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

Location of Portland
Intro said that Portland is 5 miles South of Weymouth, & is southernmost point of Co of Dorset. As that describes Portland Bill accurately I amended the text to say Portland Bill. There is not really any place just called Portland, apart from the whole tied island. Mattymmoo (talk) 08:36, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
I am reviewing this (old or very old) FA as part of WP:URFA/2020, an effort to determine whether old featured articles still meet the featured article criteria. This 2007 FA has not been maintained to current standards, and an update is badly needed. Several queries have gone unaddressed on talk (above), and a concerning amount of the text is cited to the early 2000s (as but a few samples, see the Education and Demography sections). There are image layout problems including MOS:SANDWICHing, indicating the article may be scarcely watched. The bottom sections are listy. Listing at WP:FARGIVEN; featured article review is needed. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  15:04, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Where does the name Portland come from?
The article says (without source) "Portland lends its name to one of the BBC's Shipping Forecast regions." But that seems circular. Where does the name "Portland" come from?

Possibly related: "Earl of Portland", "Duke of Portland", Portland stone.

Possibly unrelated: I searched for this when reading about the Portland Vase.

Misty MH (talk) 09:23, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isle of Portland


text:
Talk:Sara Gilbert

Decision to become an actress has inconsistent info
This page states that she decided to become an actress at the age of six when her sister got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. That would be 1981 given Sara's birth year of 1975. However, her sister didn't get her star until 1985, when Sara was 10. I do not know which is correct but I am removing that sentence until the truth is verified Rs180216 (talk) 06:44, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Parentage
An IP editor has recently questioned referring to Gilbert's recent child as "their" child, in regard to Gilbert and Perry. Under California law, the spouse of a woman who gives birth is legally a parent (see this discussion.) So yes, it's their child. We don't limit the possessive on children to biological parents (see any discussion of an adopted child, for example.) --Nat Gertler (talk) 15:17, 21 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks for commenting. This anonymous Washington DC-based editor has so far not participated in discussion about this subject that I'm aware of, resorting to snippy edit summaries like:
 * "People may have failed Biology, but two women cannot have a child" and
 * "Put two women on a desert island and see what is the population in 100 years" and
 * "Basic facts of biology are not 'controversial'. There is no political agenda here, just a lack of complete insanity."
 * Even without California's laws giving 'permission' to Wikipedians to describe the child as "theirs", the user is asserting (with no evidence or any attempt to discuss) a biological requirement for a parent or parents to refer to a kid as "theirs". This is absurd. Did John Astin consider Sean Astin to be "his" kid? If in the "sanctity" of a heterosexual marriage, the male has zero sperm motility, and the female opts to get pregnant through in vitro or through sex with another man, would Anon suggest that the infertile man could never call the kid "his"? How ridiculous it would be to hold unwavering with that opinion. And this edit in the article on Gilbert's wife Linda Perry, where the user adds the obnoxious commentary "The son was described as "theirs" so that Perry would avoid embarassment from perhaps not being the real father", is just vandalism. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 10:43, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

Allison Adler
An editor has repeatedly tried to delete the listing of Adler as a partner (with dates for the period of partnership), saying "this section is for current relationships or former wives/husbands not ex girlfriends". I know of no policy for that, and the relationship with Adler is significant, as they had children together. As such, I've restored that content. --Nat Gertler (talk) 14:16, 3 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi My two cents: from the Infobox person instructions: "If particularly relevant, or if the partner is notable; "partner" here means unmarried life partners (of any gender or sexual preference), not business partner." I would assume the plural "partners" to mean multiple partners if they are relevant or otherwise notable, so that would include ex-life partners. In this case, both qualifications are met, as Adler was presumably a relevant life partner since they established a family with children, as well as being independently notable. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 16:19, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

He didn't say anything about Gilbert and Adler being business partners (and Gilbert and Adler have never been business partners anyway.) The brave celery (talk) 03:25, 24 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm unclear on how your comment about semantics adds constructively to this discussion. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 04:45, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

What I did was not important. Do not remove my comment (and that's not me being self-absorbed, that's Wikipedia policy anyway.) But what the quoted policy above said was that the Partners section is for romantically involved people of any sexual preference, not business partners. Whether the information concerning business partners was just left in there or whether the editor thought that Gilbert and Allison Adler were business partners is unclear to me, but they are not and never were partners in the "business partner" sense of the word. The brave celery (talk) 13:01, 24 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Prove it. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 14:31, 24 August 2018 (UTC)
 * At this point, no one appears to be intending to add business partner information. CBomb was just noting that inclusion of partners as a plural meant that they were including ex-life partners, because while one can have multiple business partners at the same time (much as Dewey has Cheatham and Howe), one is generally expected to have just one "life partner" at a time, and so if the term "partners" is not meant to include business partners, it must be meant to include a history of "life partners". (Of course, reality is a bit more complex, there are various subsets of people who have multiple "life partners" simultaneously.) So let's not start a fight over questions not relevant to existing or plans edits to this article. --Nat Gertler (talk) 14:41, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

Comedian
An editor (presumably one, it's a series of IPs) has been repeatedly inserting the descriptor "comedian". This is unsourced, and is usually used to refer to stand-up artists, which is not something we have sourcing on for Gilbert. Even if they mean a comedic actor, this would be a subset of how we already describe her, not an "and". Multiple named users have reverted this change. Please do not re-add until you find consensus for such an addition on this talk page. --Nat Gertler (talk) 01:51, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Stand-ups are not the only type of comedian. Mel Brooks isn't really known as a stand-up, but he's absolutely a comedian. That said, unless Gilbert were well-established as a comedy writer or improviser or someone who generated comedy, I think I'd also avoid the "comedian" label, preferring the "comedic actor" or similar label, but it all boils down to what the sources want. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 02:56, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion at Talk:Sarah Gilbert (scientist)
A move discussion at Talk:Sarah Gilbert (scientist) has been started, with the intent of moving the article Sarah Gilbert (scientist) to, which is at the moment a redirect to this article. Thank you. -- Ted Edwards  22:40, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Sarah Gilbert (scientist) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:04, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sara Gilbert


text:
User:Jin~enwiki

= My Wikipedia Bookmarks =

Biology

 * Mitochondrial DNA

Computing

 * List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
 * Computer cluster
 * OpenMP
 * Message Passing Interface
 * Distributed shared memory
 * Hello world program
 * Mac OS X
 * Linux
 * Microsoft Windows
 * Standard RAID levels
 * High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

Economics

 * Austrian School
 * Subprime mortgage crisis
 * Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
 * 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis

Wikipedia

 * Special:Specialpages
 * Special:Newpages

= Table Formatting =

This is to remind myself about how to format tables.

title: User:Jin~enwiki


text:
Élise Turcotte

Élise Turcotte (born 26 June 1957 in Sorel, Quebec) is a Canadian writer. She completed her BA and MA in literary studies at the University of Quebec and later received her doctorate at the Université de Sherbrooke. She now teaches literature at a CEGEP in Montreal, where she currently resides. Her writing has won much praise, and among other things she has won the Grand Prix de Poésie, as well as the 2003 Governor General's Award for her novel La Maison étrangère and the Prix Émile-Nelligan for La voix de Carla in 1987 and for La terre est ici in 1989.

Novels

 * Le Bruit des choses vivantes, Leméac, Montréal / Actes sud, Arles, 1991
 * L'Île de la Merci, Leméac, Montréal, 1997
 * La Maison étrangère, Leméac, Montréal, 2002
 * Pourquoi faire une maison avec ses morts, Leméac, Montréal, 2007
 * Guyana, Leméac, Montréal, 2011
 * Le Parfum de la tubéreuse, Éditions Alto, Québec, 2015
 * L'Apparition du chevreuil, Éditions Alto, Québec, 2019
 * Autoportrait d'une autre, Éditions Alto, Québec, 2023

Short story collections

 * Caravane, Bibliothèque québécoise, Montréal, 1994

Poetry

 * Dans le delta de la nuit, Les Écrits des forges, Trois-Rivières, 1982
 * Navires de guerre, Les Écrits des forges, Trois-Rivières, 1984
 * La Catastrophe, avec Louise Desjardins, NBJ, Montréal, 1985
 * La Voix de Carla, VLB, Montréal, 1987
 * Sombre Ménagerie, éditions du Noroît, Montréal, 2002
 * La terre est ici, VLB, Montréal, 2003
 * Piano mélancolique, éditions du Noroît, Montréal, 2005
 * Ce qu'elle voit, éditions du Noroît, Montréal, 2010
 * La forme du jour, éditions du Noroît, Montréal, 2016
 * À mon retour, éditions du Noroît, Montréal, 2022

Essays

 * Autobiographie de l'esprit, La Mèche, Montréal, 2013

Novels

 * Les Cahiers d'Annette, La courte échelle, Montréal, 1998
 * La Leçon d'Annette, La courte échelle, Montréal, 1999
 * Annette et le vol de nuit, La courte échelle, Montréal, 2000
 * Le Meilleur Ennemi d'Annette, La courte échelle, Montréal, 2006

Poetry

 * Voyages autour de mon lit, La courte échelle, Montréal, 2002
 * Rose : derrière le rideau de la folie, La courte échelle, Montréal, 2009

Awards and honours

 * 1987: Prix Émile-Nelligan for La voix de Carla
 * 1989: Prix Émile-Nelligan for La Terre est ici
 * 1992: Prix Louis-Hémon for Le Bruit des choses vivantes
 * 2002: Grand Prix du Festival international de la poésie
 * 2003: Governor General's Award for French-language fiction for La Maison étrangère
 * 2010: Governor General's Award for French-language children's literature for Rose : derrière le rideau de la folie
 * 2011: Grand Prix du livre de Montréal for Guyana
 * 2021: Prix Ringuet for L'apparition du chevreuil

title: Élise Turcotte


text:
User talk:Tiffany Wheeler

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Tiffany Wheeler


text:
Wanup

Wanup is a dispersed rural community and unincorporated place in the geographic township of Dill in the southeast of the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Wanup became part of Greater Sudbury on January 1, 2001, when that city was created by amalgamating the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, to which the townships of Dill and Cleland (along with other townships) were added.

Geography
The community is located along Highway 537, near the interchange with Highway 69. It is on the right bank of the Wanapitei River.

The smaller community of St. Cloud, which is treated as part of Wanup for postal delivery and telephone exchange purposes, is located a few kilometres north of Wanup, on the opposite bank of the Wanapitei River, in the geographic township of Cleland.

History
Settlement of Wanup dates back to the early 1900s, when large numbers of Finns arrived in Canada. Leaving their homeland to escape the political instability of the time and the spectre of war with Russia many Finns chose this area to resume their primarily agricultural lifestyles. This area was popular among the Finns due to the geographical similarities with many parts of Finland. Another important factor was the abundance of available work from the construction of the CN and CP rail lines which pass through the area. Wanup has acted as base for many generations of Finnish Canadians and still retains a high number of Finnish families.

On June 2, 2013, a rail bridge crossing the Wanapitei River at Wanup collapsed, causing a train derailment.

title: Wanup