text:
Iraq national football team

The Iraq national football team (منتخب الْعِرَاق لِكُرَةُ الْقَدَم) represents Iraq in international football and is controlled by the Iraq Football Association (IFA), the governing body for football in Iraq. Iraq's usual home venue is the Basra International Stadium.

Iraq has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1986, scoring its only goal against Belgium. Iraq is one of eight current AFC nations to have won the AFC Asian Cup, claiming the title in 2007 in spite of difficult conditions and limited preparation. Iraq defeated some of the favourites in the competition including Australia, South Korea and Saudi Arabia. This qualified them for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup where they earned two points in the group stage; they later finished fourth at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

Iraq is the current holder of the Arabian Gulf Cup, having hosted and won the tournament in 2023, and is also the Arab Cup's most successful nation with four titles. Iraq is known for its passionate football fans and the national team is seen as a symbol of hope and unity for Iraqi people. The team reached its highest FIFA World Ranking of 39th in October 2004.

Early years
On 8 October 1948, the Iraq Football Association was founded. The Iraq FA joined FIFA in 1950 and in April 1951, Iraq played their first match: a 5–0 win over the Civil Cantonment (CC) team of Habbaniyah. Iraq's first ever official international game came in the opening game of the 1957 Arab Games in Beirut where Iraq drew 3–3 to Morocco with goals from Ammo Baba, Youra Eshaya (both from Iraq's Assyrian minority) and Fakhri Mohammed Salman. One of the members of Iraq's first national team was Youra Eshaya, who in 1954 became the first Iraqi footballer to play in England for Bristol Rovers Colts.

In 1962, Iraq appointed their first foreign manager, Romanian coach Cornel Drăgușin. Iraq won their first trophy in 1964 when they won the Arab Cup, winning three and drawing one of their four games. In the following edition, they retained their Arab Cup title, beating Syria 2–1 in the final in Baghdad.

1970s
In 1972, Iraq played at their first ever AFC Asian Cup but failed to win a game in the tournament. In March 1973, Iraq played their first ever FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. They finished second in their group, a point behind Australia, therefore failing to qualify for the next round. In the remaining years of the 1970s, Iraq reached the second round of the Asian Games (1974), lost the Arabian Gulf Cup final (1976), finished fourth at the AFC Asian Cup (1976), finished fourth in the Asian Games (1978) and finally hosted and won the Arabian Gulf Cup (1979). The 1976 Asian Cup would be the last Asian Cup that Iraq appeared in for the next 20 years, as they withdrew from the next four editions.

1980s – First Golden Generation
The 1980s was arguably Iraq's most successful period in their history. They started the decade off disappointingly, being knocked out in the first round of qualifiers for the 1982 FIFA World Cup. In 1982, they won the gold medal at the 1982 Asian Games. In 1984, Iraq won the Arabian Gulf Cup. The following year, they won the 1985 Arab Cup and also won the gold medal at the 1985 Arab Games.

1986 FIFA World Cup
Iraq were seeded into the first round of qualifiers where they faced Qatar and Jordan. Iraq topped Group 1B with 6 points, and advanced to the second round. Iraq faced United Arab Emirates in two legs. Iraq defeated UAE 3–2 in Dubai. Iraq lost with 2–1 to UAE in the second leg. Iraq won 4–4 aggregate on away goals and advanced to the final round. In the final round, Iraq tied Syria 0–0 in Damascus. Iraq defeated Syria 3–1 in the second leg in Taif. Iraq won 3–1 on aggregate and qualified to the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

At their first game of the Group B at the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Iraq played well against Paraguay, losing narrowly 1–0 despite scoring a goal that was controversially disallowed by the referee. Iraq recorded their first World Cup goal in the second game, scoring against Belgium in a 1–2 defeat despite having ten men, with Ahmed Radhi scoring a goal for Iraq. Iraq played against hosts Mexico in the third game, losing 1–0 and being eliminated from the World Cup.

In the following years, Iraq won the 1988 Arabian Gulf Cup and won the 1988 Arab Cup. Overall, Iraq won nine competitions in the 1980s and played in their only World Cup, leading many to believe that this was the golden era of Iraqi football. In 1989, Iraq competed in qualifying for a berth in the 1990 World Cup finals, but they lost a crucial game against Qatar.

1990s – The Dark Era
Following the Gulf War in 1990, Iraq was banned from participating in the Asian Games and in most Arab competitions, leading them to participate in friendly competitions instead.

1994 FIFA World Cup qualification
In 1993, Iraq participated in qualifiers for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Grouped with China, Yemen, Jordan and Pakistan in the first stage, Iraq proved to be too strong for the rest, with the team only failing to win twice, an draw to Jordan and loss to China.

In the final round, Iraq was grouped with Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Japan, Iran and North Korea. On the first matchday, Iraq lost 3–2 to North Korea in a dramatic way, being 2–0 ahead in the second half. After an Iraqi player was sent off, North Korea pulled back in the 67th minute, equalized in the 77th minute and scored the winner in the 82nd minute. They then tied 2–2 with South Korea. and then defeated Iran 2–1 by goals of Ahmed Radhi and Alaa Kadhim.

Iraq missed out on a World Cup spot by two points. By drawing their last game with Japan 2–2, they denied the Japanese a place in the finals in a match referred to by the Japanese media as the Agony of Doha. The loss against North Korea proved to be the difference with the other teams, as North Korea lost their other 4 matches and finished bottom of the group.

1996 AFC Asian Cup
Iraq participated in the 1996 AFC Asian Cup, their first Asian Cup campaign for 20 years of withdrawing from the previous four. They reached the quarter-finals but lost to the United Arab Emirates due to a golden goal scored by Abdulrahman Ibrahim. In 1996, Iraq was ranked 139th in the world, which is their worst FIFA ranking in their history due to inactivity after withdrawing from several tournaments.

In 1997, Iraq participated in qualifiers for the 1998 FIFA World Cup but were knocked out at the first round following two defeats by Kazakhstan.

This period is known as 'The Dark Era' as Uday Hussein, the son of Saddam Hussein, abused his control of Iraqi football and tortured players who played poorly, punishing them by sending them to prison, making them bathe in raw sewage and kick concrete balls, and shaving their heads among many other punishments.

2000s – Second Golden Generation
The 2000s was considered to be the rebirth of a new Iraqi football golden generation. However, Iraq had a rocky beginning.

2000 AFC Asian Cup
Iraq played in the 2000 AFC Asian Cup but were knocked out at the quarter-final stage again, this time by Japan in a 4–1 loss.

2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
Iraq reached the final round of 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification for the first time since 1994 but lost five of their eight second-round games and therefore failed to make the finals.

Iraq won their first ever WAFF Championship in 2002, beating Jordan 3–2 in the final after extra time.

2004 AFC Asian Cup
In 2004, Iraq lost the opening match against Uzbekistan then they won against Turkmenistan and Saudi Arabia respectively, to reach the quarter-finals of the AFC Asian Cup before getting knocked out by China.

2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
In the same year they were knocked out at the second round of 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers by Uzbekistan.

Iraq were ranked as high as 39th in the World Rankings in October 2004 which is their highest ranking position in their history. The following year, Iraq won the gold medal in the West Asian Games by beating Syria in the final via a penalty shootout. In 2007, Iraq were knocked out at the group stage of the Arabian Gulf Cup after a controversial defeat to Saudi Arabia. Akram Salman was sacked and Jorvan Vieira appointed as head coach. Under him, Iraq reached the final of the WAFF Championship but lost 2–1 to Iran.

2007 AFC Asian Cup triumph
In July 2007, Iraq kicked off their 2007 AFC Asian Cup campaign. The squad was made mainly of players that won the 2000 AFC Youth Championship, finished fourth at the 2004 Olympic Games and second at the 2006 Asian Games. Vieira only had two months to prepare his team for the tournament, and the team suffered from very poor facilities. The Iraq FA struggled to provide the team with enough kits for the tournament and Iraq had not been able to play any previous games in their own country for security reasons and most of the players had had family members killed in the war.

The team started the tournament with a 1–1 draw against joint-hosts Thailand before producing a 3–1 win over favourites Australia. A draw with Oman followed to put Iraq into the quarter-finals where two goals from Younis Mahmoud against Vietnam put Iraq into the semi-finals for the second time in their history. They manages to knock out one of the best Asian teams, South Korea in the semis via a penalty shootout in which Noor Sabri made a crucial save. After the game, a suicide bomber killed 30 football fans who were celebrating the semi-final win over South Korea and this almost led to the Iraqi team withdrawing from the final, but they decided to go on in honour of the dead and succeeded in doing that after defeating Saudi Arabia 1–0 in the final, a game that they dominated from start to finish and that was won by a Younis Mahmoud header. This tournament win is seen as one of the greatest upsets in international history as a war-torn country became international champions in what is described as one of sport's greatest 'fairytales'.

Vieira stated during the final that he would resign after the Asian Cup. He was replaced by Egil Olsen in September 2007.

2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Under Egil Olsen, Iraq advanced from the first round by beating Pakistan 7-0 on aggregate. Then they were drawn with Australia, China, and Qatar for the second round. On the first matchday, Iraq tied China. As a consequence, Olsen was sacked and replaced by Adnan Hamad.

The next two matches saw Iraq lose twice to Qatar and Australia. However, Iraq bounced back with an 1-0 win on Australia and 2-1 win against China.

On 26 May 2008, FIFA decided to suspend Iraq from all international competitions after the Iraq Football Association was disbanded by the government on 20 May 2008. The suspension was provisionally and conditionally lifted on 29 May 2008.

Iraq needed 1 point to advance to the final stage on the last matchday, but failed to advance to the final round of 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers as a 1–0 defeat to Qatar saw them finish in third in the group. Following this, the Iraq FA decided to disband the team and sacked Hamad.

Qatar fielded ineligible player Emerson in the 2–0 defeat to Iraq on 26 March 2008, prompting FIFA to controversially suspend him but clear Qatar of any wrongdoing, in direct contradiction to its decisions against Singapore. Iraq appealed the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport but it was rejected by the CAS, saying that Iraq submitted documents and appeal fees too late.

Jorvan Vieira was reappointed in September 2008. After a disappointing 2009 Arabian Gulf Cup, Vieira was sacked and replaced by Bora Milutinovic.

2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
In 2009, Iraq participated in only their second FIFA tournament ever: the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, which they qualified for by winning the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. They started the tournament with a 0–0 draw with hosts South Africa, before losing 1–0 to UEFA Euro 2008 winners Spain. Iraq drew the last game 0–0 with New Zealand and were knocked out.

On 20 November 2009, the FIFA Emergency Committee suspended the Iraq FA due to government interference; the suspension was lifted on 19 March 2010.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
Iraq qualified automatically for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. They were drawn against Iran, North Korea and UAE in Group D. After a 2–1 loss against Iran, and 1–0 win against UAE, Iraq went into the match against North Korea needing only a draw to progress. Iraq won 1–0 and advanced to the quarterfinals as group runners-up. On 23 January, Iraq lost to Australia, 1–0, in the quarterfinal. The match went into extra time with Harry Kewell heading in a goal in the 117th minute just inside the 18-yard box.

2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
Under coach Wolfgang Sidka, Iraq were drawn into the second round of qualifiers where they faced Yemen. Iraq defeated Yemen 2–0 in Arbil on 23 July before drawing 0–0 in Al Ain five days later. Iraq advanced to the third round of qualifiers where they were grouped with Jordan, China and Singapore. The IFA announced it would not renew Wolfgang Sidka's contract on 2 August 2011. On 29 August 2011, Brazilian legend Zico signed a one-year contract to become the new coach of Iraq.

Iraq topped Group A with 15 points, and in the final qualification stage was drawn with Jordan, Japan, Australia and Oman. Iraq started with 1–1 draws against Jordan away and Oman at home. After their slow start, Iraq lost 1–0 to Japan away and lost a crucial home match against Australia 2–1, moving them into bottom position with 2 points. On 14 November 2012, Iraq won 1–0 against Jordan in Doha which elevated them to third in Group B, behind Australia on goal difference and ahead of Oman.

On 28 November 2012, Zico resigned as head coach. The Iraqi FA appointed Vladimir Petrović as his replacement on 25 February 2013. However, on 11 June 2013, Iraq lost 1-0 to Japan in Doha and were eliminated from the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

2015 AFC Asian Cup
Iraq were in an 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualifying group alongside Saudi Arabia, China and Indonesia. After losing consecutively against China and Saudi Arabia, Iraq was in danger of missing out on the Asian Cup. They kept alive their hopes of qualifying for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup with a 2–0 away win over Indonesia on 19 November 2013, and on the last matchday, Iraq booked their spot with a commanding 3–1 win at the Sharjah Stadium against China. Due to bad results at the 22nd Arabian Gulf Cup, Hakeem Shaker was sacked and the FA appointed Radhi Shenaishil as caretaker coach.

Iraq began the 2015 AFC Asian Cup campaign with a 1–0 win over Jordan. In the next match, Iraq faced Japan and lost the match 0–1. Iraq then beat Palestine 2–0 and qualified to knockout stage as the Group D runner-up. Iraq defeated Iran in the quarter-finals in penalties, 7–6, after the game ended 3–3 after 120 minutes of play. They faced South Korea in the semi-finals but lost 0–2. Iraq finished the AFC Asian Cup in fourth place, after losing 2–3 to United Arab Emirates in third/fourth place play-off.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
For the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Iraq were drawn with Thailand, Vietnam and Chinese Taipei.

In August 2015, Yahya Alwan was appointed coach for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. After initially starting well with a 5-1 win against Chinese Taipei, two consecutive draws against Thailand and Vietnam left Iraq in real danger of missing out on the final round. On 24 March 2016, Iraq tied 2-2 with Thailand and Alwan was replaced with Abdul-Ghani Shahad. Five days later, he led Iraq to the final round and 2019 AFC Asian Cup by beating Vietnam 1-0.

On 15 April 2016, Radhi Shenaishil became the new coach of Iraq in order to lead the team in the final round. For the final round, Iraq was drawn with Japan, Australia, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Thailand. After seven matchdays, Iraq only managed to collect 4 points by beating Thailand and tie 1-1 with Australia. As a result, Shenaishil was sacked on April 10, 2017.

Basim Qasim was appointed for the remainder of the qualifiers and Iraq finished fifth in the final round of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification.

2019 AFC Asian Cup
The 2019 Asian Cup draw put Iraq in Group D, with Iran, Vietnam, and Yemen.

On 3 September 2018, Srečko Katanec was appointed as head coach on a three-year contract to lead Iraq in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup and 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification.

Their first match took place on 8 January 2019 against Vietnam and ended in a 3–2 victory for Iraq. Their second match against Yemen on January 12 ended in a 3–0 victory, with goals coming from Mohanad Ali, Bashar Resan, and Alaa Abbas. In their final group game, Iraq faced Iran on January 16, resulting in a 0–0 draw. With these performances, Iraq finished second in Group D and advanced to the knockout stage.

In the Round of 16, Iraq faced Qatar. Despite their efforts, Iraq suffered a 1–0 defeat, with Bassam Al-Rawi scoring the only goal, ending their journey in the tournament. Qatar later won the tournament.

2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
Iraq participated in the second round of the Asian qualifiers. They were placed in Group C alongside Bahrain, Iran, Cambodia, and Hong Kong and reached the final round with five wins from eight matches including a 2–1 victory against Iran.

Iraq went 19 consecutive matches without losing between 2019 and 2021 and moved up from 89th to 68th in the FIFA rankings during Katanec's tenure. Katanec departed in July 2021 after six months of unpaid wages and filed a complaint with FIFA.

On 31 July 2021, Dutchman Dick Advocaat was appointed head coach of Iraq. Under Advocaat, Iraq made to a slow start to the final round of World Cup Qualifiers, drawing four games and losing two, and on 21 November 2021, Advocaat resigned. Željko Petrović took charge of the team for the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup, where Iraq were eliminated from the group stage. Petrović was sacked after two further winless qualifying games and Abdul-Ghani Shahad was appointed as an interim manager, but Iraq were eliminated after finishing fourth in the group.

2023 AFC Asian Cup
Iraq was drawn in Group D, with Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia. On 15 January 2024, Iraq overcame Indonesia 3–1. Four days later, Iraq created the biggest shock in the tournament, stunning Japan (who had been undefeated in the last 11 matches) by beating them 2–1 in the second group match to ensure first place in the group; both Iraq goals were scored by Aymen Hussein. With the outcome confirmed, Iraq largely rotated their squad on the final match against Vietnam, and ended up triumphant 3–2 to make history by earning a perfect record of nine points. However, Iraq suffered a shock defeat in the Round of 16, losing 2–3 to Jordan to exit the tournament. The result was controversial due to a second yellow card shown to Aymen Hussein by the referee for his celebration after he had scored to take a 2–1 lead.

2026 FIFA World Cup qualification
On 7 November 2022, Jesús Casas was appointed head coach of Iraq to lead the national team until the 2026 FIFA World Cup. In the first tournament under Casas' leadership, Iraq hosted and won the 25th Arabian Gulf Cup, beating Oman 3–2 after extra time in the final.

Iraq was placed in Group F of the second round alongside Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia. After four wins in a row against Indonesia, Vietnam and back to back wins against Philippines, Iraq progressed to the next round and qualified for the 2027 AFC Asian Cup.

Kit
The Iraqi national football team's traditional home colour is green, while the away colour is white and the third colour is black. Iraq's kits have previously been manufactured by brands such as Puma, Nike, Diadora, Jack & Jones, Lotto, Peak, Givova, Umbro and Adidas. The current kit supplier is Jako.

Nickname
The Iraqi team is commonly known as Usood al-Rafidayn (أُسُودُ الرَّافِدَيْن), meaning "Lions of Mesopotamia". In ancient Mesopotamia, the Babylonian lion was a symbol of power, impetuosity, ferocity, prestige and dominance. This is reflected in the sculpted lions in Babylon, where the processional path is ornamented with ceramic tile bas-reliefs representing a prestigious lion from the time of Nebuchadnezzar II. This kind of representation aimed to glorify the king, master of the beasts, and also represent the defeat of the enemy. Moreover, the Chaldean royal inscriptions depict the king as a ferocious lion to whom nothing can be resisted. The presence of lions in ancient Iraqi civilization was based on the belief, or desire, that the animals represented would bring with them the virtues they symbolized, so that they could be transmitted to the owners.

Team logo
Iraq kits throughout history have usually featured the flag of Iraq on them, although the coat of arms of Iraq and the Iraq Football Association logo have both appeared on kits in the past. The national team has occasionally had its own unique logo, the first of which was from 1982 to 1983. This logo was based on the Iraq flag, with Iraqi written at the top of the crest. From 2000 to 2002, the national team's logo featured a green outline with the word Iraq written at the top in green Arabic text. In the 2005 West Asian Games, the team wore a new logo with the red band of the flag appearing in a large semi-circle shape, and in 2007, Iraq briefly reverted to using the logo that they had used from 2000 to 2002. On 23 October 2020, the national team's current logo was revealed, with a star featuring above the crest to commemorate the nation's 2007 AFC Asian Cup victory.

Rivalries
Due to its geographical location, Iraq maintains strong rivalries with many neighbours.

Iraq's main and traditional rival has been Iran, and they are often considered to be two of the greatest football teams in the Middle East and Asia with one of the greatest rivalries. At the early stage, Iran had proved to be more dominant than Iraq, remaining undefeated from 1964 until 1993. In the contemporary era, especially during the reign of Saddam Hussein, the two countries had bad relations and fought the Iran–Iraq War for eight years. Iraqis have considered any matches against Iran as a must-win encounter and are known to treat it differently from any other football matches. Iraq has played 31 matches against Iran with 6 victories, 7 draws, and 18 losses.

Iraq's other rival is Saudi Arabia, and matches between the two teams also draw significant attention from Iraqi fans, with Iraq and Saudi Arabia being recognised as the two most successful Arab teams in Asia. The beginnings of the footballing rivalry between them dates back to the 1970s, but it was only after the 1990s that the rivalry between the two Arab nations truly developed since it was previously overshadowed by Iraq's rivalries with Iran and Kuwait. One of these reasons for the rivalry to develop is due to the bitter Gulf War, where Iraq fought against Saudi Arabia over Kuwait, an ally of Saudi Arabia. These encounters have also been marred with various controversies and hostilities, such as the 21st Arabian Gulf Cup hosting rights, where Iraq was stripped from hosting with the tournament instead being moved to Bahrain, a move which was believed by Iraqis as a deliberate act by Saudi Arabia to remove Iraq's home advantage. Before that, Iraq was also banned from hosting home games against Saudi Arabia due to the Gulf War. Iraq has played 40 matches against Saudi Arabia with 18 victories, 11 draws, and 11 losses.

Iraq's rivalry with Kuwait was once considered the greatest football rivalry in the Middle East, until being taken over by Iraq's rivalry with Saudi Arabia due to Kuwait's decline. The rivalry began in the mid-1970s. Because of the Gulf War, Iraq and Kuwait were in complete avoidance and never met for more than 15 years until 2005. Iraq has played 37 matches against Kuwait with 17 victories, 10 draws, and 10 losses.

Supporters
Iraq national team supporters are known for chanting "O Victorious Baghdad" ("منصورة يا بغداد") or "With our souls and our blood, we will redeem you, O Iraq" ("بالروح بالدم نفديك يا عراق") during the Iraqi team's matches.

Another famous chant is "the first goal is coming" ("هسه يجي الاول") which is chanted in the beginning of the match. A succeeding chant is "the second goal is coming" ("هسه يجي الثاني"); this is usually chanted repeatedly after Iraq score a goal to motivate the players to score another.

Home matches in Iraq

Currently, Iraq primarily play their home matches at Basra International Stadium, but have also used various other stadiums around Iraq. Since 1980, FIFA imposed bans on six occasions that prevented Iraq from hosting competitive international games.

The first ban was imposed in 1980 after an Olympic qualifying play-off between Iraq and Kuwait in Baghdad, where the match referee was attacked by enraged home fans and members of the Iraqi team after the Malaysian official's decision to award a match-changing penalty to the Kuwaitis that led to Iraq losing 3–2. The ban was lifted in 1982.

Around the same time, the Iran–Iraq War started and the ban was imposed again. Iraq played their qualifying home games at a neutral venue and still qualified for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, and three Olympic Games (Moscow, Los Angeles and Seoul). The ban was lifted in 1988, when the war ended.

In 1990, FIFA banned Iraq from hosting matches due to the Gulf War, a restriction that lasted until 1995. Iraq resumed hosting home matches during both the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaigns.

The Iraq War in 2003 forced Iraq to play their home matches outside the country for security reasons, and so home games were held at neutral venues for the next six years. In July 2009, Iraq played on home soil for the first time since the Iraq War, against Palestine in Erbil and Baghdad. The same month, the AFC Executive Committee approved the Franso Hariri Stadium as Iraq's venue for international matches and for clubs in continental tournaments.

On 23 July 2011, Iraq played a FIFA World Cup qualifier on home ground for the first time since 2001, defeating Yemen 2–0 at Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil. However, FIFA re-imposed the ban on 23 September 2011 due to fears over security and a breach of safety regulations in the qualifying match with Jordan. Between 2013 and 2018, Iraq played various friendlies on home soil – in 2013 against Syria and Liberia in Baghdad, and in 2017 against Jordan, Kenya and Syria in Basra and Karbala. After successfully hosting these friendlies, on 16 March 2018, FIFA announced the lifting of the ban on competitive matches in the three cities. The 2018 AFC Cup Final was hosted in Basra, and in the summer of 2019, Iraq hosted the 2019 WAFF Championship.

However, following the outbreak of the 2019 Iraqi protests, FIFA once again imposed competitive home matches ban on Iraq. This meant that Iraq played the remainder of the 2022 World Cup qualifiers at neutral venues.

In 2023, Iraq hosted the 25th Arabian Gulf Cup, which was the first time they had hosted the tournament since 1979. Iraq resumed playing official games at home for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification, beating Indonesia 5–1 in Basra.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching staff
As of 6 November 2022.

Current squad
The following 26 players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in June 2024.

Caps and goals correct as of 11 June 2024, after the game against .

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up within the last 12 months and remain eligible for selection.

SUS Player suspended INJ Player injured PRE Player was named in preliminary squad RET Player retired from the national team WD Player withdrew for non-injury related reasons INI Player was initially named in the squad, but was forced to withdraw before playing

Records
.
 * Players in bold are still active with Iraq.

Head-to-head record
The list shown below shows the Iraq national football team all−time international record against opposing nations.

{{legend|#bbf3bb|Positive balance (more wins than losses)|border=1px solid #AAA}} {{legend|#ffffbb|Neutral balance (as many wins as losses)|border=1px solid #AAA}} {{legend|#ffbbbb|Negative balance (more losses than wins)|border=1px solid #AAA}}
 * Key

after match against

All friendly and international matches have been approved, except for Olympic matches. A-level matches

FIFA Rankings
Last update was on 26 November 2023. Source:

Best Ranking  Worst Ranking   Best Mover   Worst Mover

Continental

 * AFC Asian Cup
 * Coppa Asia.svg Champions (1): 2007

 * Asian Games
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Gold medal (1): 1982

Regional

 * WAFF Championship
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 2002
 * [[File:Med 2.png]] Runners-up (3): 2007, 2012, 2019
 * [[File:Med 3.png]] Third place (1): 2000

 * Arab Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (4): 1964, 1966, 1985, 1988 (record)
 * [[File:Med 3.png]] Third place (1): 2012

 * Arabian Gulf Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (4): 1979, 1984, 1988, 2023
 * [[File:Med 2.png]] Runners-up (2): 1976, 2013

 * West Asian Games
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Gold medal (1): 2005

 * Arab Games
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Gold medal (1): 1985
 * [[File:Med 2.png]] Runners-up (1): 1999

Exhibition

 * Merdeka Tournament
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (2): 1981, 1995

 * Nehru Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (2): 1995, 1997

 * Tripoli Fair Tournament
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 1967

 * Merlion Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 1984

 * Peace and Friendship Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 1989

 * Friendship Tournament
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 1999

 * UAE International Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 2009

 * International Friendship Championship
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 2019

 * King's Cup
 * [[File:Med 1.png]] Champions (1): 2023

title: Iraq national football team


text:
Godin (crater)

Godin is a lunar impact crater located just to the south of the crater Agrippa, on a rough upland region to the east of Sinus Medii. Its diameter is 34 km. The crater was named after 18th century French astronomer Louis Godin. The ruined crater Tempel lies to the northeast, on the east side of Agrippa. Due south is the flooded remains of Lade.

The rim of Godin is wider in the southern half than in the north, giving it a slightly pear-shaped outline. The interior is rough-surfaced, with a higher albedo than the surroundings. At the midpoint a central peak rises from the floor. A faint ray system surrounds the crater, and extends for about 375 kilometers. Due to its rays, Godin is mapped as part of the Copernican System.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Godin.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Godin (crater)


text: User talk:65.168.235.34

title: User talk:65.168.235.34


text:
User talk:152.163.100.138

Category:Historical gangs
Category:Historical gangs, which you created, has been nominated for renaming to Category:Defunct gangs. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. RevelationDirect (talk) 04:21, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of The Beast Within (novel) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The Beast Within (novel), to which you have significantly contributed, is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or if it should be deleted.

The discussion will take place at Articles for deletion/The Beast Within (novel) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

To customise your preferences for automated AfD notifications for articles to which you've significantly contributed (or to opt-out entirely), please visit the configuration page. Delivered by SDZeroBot (talk) 15:51, 20 September 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:152.163.100.138


text:
Tabbouleh

Tabbouleh (تبولة), also transcribed tabouleh, tabbouli, tabouli, or taboulah, is a Levantine salad made mostly of finely chopped parsley, with tomatoes, mint, onion, soaked uncooked bulgur, and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, salt and sweet pepper. Some variations add lettuce, or use semolina instead of bulgur.

Tabbouleh is traditionally served as part of a mezze in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Arab world. Like hummus, baba ghanoush, pita bread, and other elements of Arab cuisine, tabbouleh has become a popular food in the United States.

Etymology
The Levantine Arabic tabbūle is derived from the Arabic word tābil from the Aramaic root word t-b-l, meaning "seasoning" or more literally "dip". Use of the word in English first appeared in the 1950s.

History
Edible herbs known as qaḍb formed an essential part of the Arab diet in the Middle Ages. Dishes like tabbouleh attest to their continued popularity in Middle Eastern cuisine today. Originally from the mountains of Lebanon and Syria, tabbouleh has become one of the most popular salads in the Middle East. The wheat variety salamouni cultivated in the Beqaa Valley region in Lebanon, was considered (in the mid-19th century) as particularly well-suited for making bulgur, a basic ingredient of tabbouleh. In Lebanon, the Lebanese National Tabbouleh Day is a yearly festivity day dedicated to Tabbouleh. Since 2001, it is celebrated the first Saturday of the month of July.

Regional variations
In the Arab world, especially Syria, Lebanon and Palestine, it is usually served as part of a meze. The Syrian and the Lebanese use more parsley than bulgur wheat in their dish. A Turkish variation of the dish known as kısır, and a similar Armenian dish known as eetch use far more bulgur than parsley. Another ancient variant is called terchots. In Cyprus, where the dish was introduced by the Lebanese, it is known as tambouli. In the Dominican Republic, a local version introduced by Syrian and Lebanese immigrants is called Tipile. It is widely popular in Israel.

Retail sales
Several manufacturers make tabbouleh for sale in supermarkets.

title: Tabbouleh


text:
Augustin Ehrensvärd

Field Marshal count Augustin Ehrensvärd (25 September 1710 – 4 October 1772) was a Swedish military officer, military architect, artist, creator of the Suomenlinna (Sveaborg) fortress, Svartholm fortress and the Swedish archipelago fleet. He was born in Fullerö Castle, Barkarö and died in the village of Saris, Mynämäki.

In 1747, he was chosen by king Frederick I of Sweden to design and construct a maritime fortress near Helsinki in Finland, then a part of the Kingdom of Sweden. Building the fortress of Sveaborg became a life's work for Ehrensvärd, who kept expanding the island fortress until his death in 1772. Ehrensvärd's design was a low-profile bastion-type fortress that would follow the natural contours of the islands and thus remain inconspicuous to enemy fleets. Many of the constructions in Sveaborg are considered to be architectural masterpieces. Augustin Ehrensvärd was also the commander of the Swedish archipelago fleet from 1756 to 1766, and from 1770, until his death in 1772.

In addition to architecture, Ehrensvärd's interests included painting, educational psychology and botany. Upon his death in 1772, Ehrensvärd was promoted to the rank of field marshal. He was also well respected by the Finnish people, who appreciated his efforts in the construction of Sveaborg, an important cultural and economic centre in the eastern part of 18th-century Sweden, which later would become modern Finland. Ehrensvärd's burial monument in Sveaborg was designed by king Gustav III of Sweden himself.

Ehrensvärd was elected a member of the member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1739, the year it was founded.

title: Augustin Ehrensvärd


text:
Administrative divisions of Russia in 1727–1728

Major events
The administrative reform of 1727 was carried out soon after Peter the Great's death, when it became apparent that previous reform was not working as planned. The fast pace of the reforms came into contradiction with the traditional ways of doing things. Newly created bureaucracy required significant financial investments, which the government was lacking. Neither Catherine I, Peter I's second wife and successor, nor her government were willing to go on with the reforms in their original form. As a result, the 1727 reform became a step back, abolishing the system of districts (ди́стрикты) and restoring the old system of uezds (уе́зды) instead. A total of 166 uyezds were re-established, and with the newly created uyezds the Russian Empire had approximately 250 uyezds.

 * 1727—new Belgorod Governorate was formed from Belgorod, Oryol, and Sevsk Provinces (провинции) of Kiev Governorate.
 * 1727—new Novgorod Governorate was formed from Belozersk, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, and Velikiye Luki Provinces of the St. Petersburg Governorate.
 * 1727—Uglich and Yaroslavl Provinces of the St. Petersburg Governorate were transferred to Moscow Governorate.
 * 1727—Narva Province of St. Petersburg Governorate was transferred to Revel Governorate.
 * 1727—Solikamsk and Vyatka Provinces of Siberian Governorate were transferred to Kazan Governorate.

Subdivisions (as of 1727)

 * Archangelgorod Governorate (Архангелогородская губерния)
 * subdivided into 4 provinces:
 * Archangelgorod Province (Архангелогородская провинция)
 * Galich Province (Галицкая провинция)
 * Ustyug Province (Устюжская провинция)
 * Vologda Province (Вологодская провинция)
 * Astrakhan Governorate (Астраханская губерния)
 * was considered subdivided into 1 province
 * Belgorod Governorate (Белгородская губерния)
 * subdivided into 3 provinces:
 * Belgorod Province (Белгородская провинция)
 * Oryol Province (Орловская провинция)
 * Sevsk Province (Севская провинция)
 * Kazan Governorate (Казанская губерния)
 * subdivided into 6 provinces:
 * Kazan Province (Казанская провинция)
 * Penza Province (Пензенская провинция)
 * Solikamsk Province (Соликамская провинция)
 * Sviyaga Province (Свияжская провинция)
 * Ufa Province (Уфимская провинция)
 * Vyatka Province (Вятская провинция)
 * Kiev Governorate (Киевская губерния)
 * was considered subdivided into 1 province (with 12 regiments in Little Russia)
 * Moscow Governorate (Московская губерния)
 * subdivided into 11 provinces:
 * Kaluga Province (Калужская провинция)
 * Kostroma Province (Костромская провинция)
 * Moscow Province (Московская провинция)
 * Pereyaslavl-Ryazan Province (Переяславль-Рязанская провинция)
 * Pereyaslavl-Zalessk Province (Переяславско-Залесская провинция)
 * Suzdal Province (Суздальская провинция)
 * Tula Province (Тульская провинция)
 * Uglich Province (Угличская провинция)
 * Vladimir Province (Владимирская провинция)
 * Yaroslavl Province (Ярославская провинция)
 * Yuryev Province (Юрьевская провинция)
 * Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Нижегородская губерния)
 * subdivided into 3 provinces:
 * Alatyr Province (Алатырская провинция)
 * Arzamas Province (Арзамасская провинция)
 * Nizhny Novgorod Province (Нижегородская провинция)
 * Novgorod Governorate (Новгородская губерния)
 * subdivided into 5 provinces:
 * Belozersk Province (Белозерская провинция)
 * Novgorod Province (Новгородская провинция)
 * Pskov Province (Псковская провинция)
 * Tver Province (Тверская провинция)
 * Velikiye Luki Province (Великолуцкая провинция)
 * Revel Governorate (Ревельская губерния)
 * was considered subdivided into 1 province (Estland)
 * Riga Governorate (Рижская губерния)
 * was considered subdivided into 1 province (Livland)
 * St. Petersburg Governorate (Санкт-Петербургская губерния)
 * subdivided into 2 provinces:
 * Petersburg Province (Петербургская провинция)
 * Vyborg Province (Выборгская провинция)
 * Siberian Governorate (Сибирская губерния)
 * subdivided into 3 provinces:
 * Irkutsk Province (Иркутская провинция)
 * Tobolsk Province (Тобольская провинция)
 * Yenisei Province (Енисейская провинция)
 * Smolensk Governorate (Смоленская губерния)
 * was considered subdivided into 1 province
 * Voronezh Governorate (Воронежская губерния)
 * subdivided into 5 provinces:
 * Bakhmut Province (Бахмутская провинция)
 * Shatsk Province (Шацкая провинция)
 * Tambov Province (Тамбовская провинция)
 * Voronezh Province (Воронежская провинция)
 * Yeletsk Province (Елецкая провинция)


text:
Category:Opel

This category is for the German automotive company Opel, a subsidiary of the automotive group Stellantis.

title: Category:Opel


text:
Talk:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Meaning of legacy, *AND* blather that no published scholars agree on DOES NOT BELONG under legacy
1. Firstly, 'fixed some imprecise language.

2. Secondly, LEGACY means what was left behind by someone, in the context used here close in meaning to the person's REPUTATION, what s/he is KNOWN FOR. Obscure content that no published Mannerheim scholar says M is known for, does NOT belong under legacy. If someone wants to create a heading in this article called "Blog of Random Gossip, Obscure Media Projects Including Those that Never Got Made, and Rumors about His Love Life" then the stuff I deleted might have a home.

Sadly, RANDOM GOSSIP is what much of Wikipedia has become.

It doesn't serve this article and especially not its LEGACY section, e.g., to talk about (A) a movie that never was made, (B) a plaque in a foreign, hostile country that was REMOVED, or (C) unsubstantiated rumours about Mannerheim's flings with women, with boys, or whomever or whatever, or about which or what gender(s) he preferred sexually. ESPECIALLY if no published Mannerheim scholars agree that this is what he is known for. Absent the REMOVAL or NON-HAPPENING itself having affected what he is known for, it cannot be part of his legacy.

The placing of the Mannerheim statue in the forest outside Tampere, on the other hand, IS at least in some nominal way a legacy inasmuch as significant numbers of people, especially published scholars, recognize that placement IN THE CONTEXT OF Tampere's political and military history and Mannerheim's involvement there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.114.207.0 (talk) 17:20, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Some other red flags: 1. poorly written, in-places-incoherent use of English, indicating probable copy and paste from some other, likely foreign-language source. 2. it takes 4-5 sentences or more to explain what you're even talking about. (If it's something M is known for a sentence or two with a citation to scholarly work is plenty!) 3. Legacy-CANCELLING words in the actual description of the supposed legacy, e.g., "no consensus", "controversial claims", "rumor in Russia", "Mannerheim scholars have only reacted negatively and characterized the claim just a 'Russian fairy tale'."

CONSIDER: A LEGACY is what someone "leaves behind", What s/he is KNOWN FOR; *AND* one of the most basic rules of editing Wikipedia is that all content must be attributed to SCHOLARLY PUBLISHED SOURCES (although in fairness if this rule were enforced, the content of the "project" would shrink drastically; probably about 60-70 percent or more of the entire "encyclopedia" would have to be axed).

PLEASE ASK before placing anything under M's or anyone ELSE's legacy heading: 1. Is there any CONSENSUS among published scholars that the material is what the subject left behind, what s/he is known for? 2. Or if that is too great a burden, too high a standard, a good START would be are there even ONE or TWO published scholars who say this is something s/he is known for?

What it looks like happened here, is some junior high students or Putin trolls or whoever they were wanted to participate by adding something they heard about M that they thought was interesting. Since they couldn't find a proper heading under which the information belonged, and this was the last section written in sentence form, they just stuck it here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.114.207.0 (talk) 22:01, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Mannerheim's height
The article states:
 * The handsome young Baron towered over his classmates, standing 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m).

Shouldn't an article about a Finnish man attending a Finnish cadet school for the Russian army cite his height in metric first? Or does the cited source actually only give his height in imperial units? J I P | Talk 21:25, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

Mannerheim's alleged role in siege of Leningrad and/or other atrocities
1. I have moved the discussion of M's alleged role in the seige of Leningrad to the legacy section. It doesn't belong in the intro without being discussed also in the body of the article

2. The primary problem is those sources cited that I can find discuss almost exclusively the siege of Leningrad. There is mention of some angry communists in Leningrad throwing paint on a barracks marker noting the origins of M's service in the Czarist Russian military. There is also an article talking about a St. Pet. court finding Finland guilty of war crimes or ?
 * By WP standards, THESE do NOT qualify as scholarly sources, and in any case they do not appear to TIE M to siege of Leningrad.

3. *** AS SUCH, if this material is to stay, someone who wishes to keep it needs to provide a scholarly source tying M to the siege of Leningrad.

 * AND if it is not a consensus of the Mannerheim scholars, it should be stated for what it is. If the Russian viewpoint differs from the scholarly consensus among historians, then if it is to be included at all, it should be pointed out IN THE TEXT of the article what it is: a minority viewpoint from Russia.  It's unreasonable in this scenario to foist a minority viewpoint on WP readers as anything other than what it actually is!

After a reasonable time for finding and discussing the bonafides of any such sources, the sources need to be added OR the material deleted. Last time I checked "NO ORIGINAL RESEARCH" is one of the top ten tenets of all WP editing.

4. What I have seen in the past in this and similar articles is it comes down to the bonafides of scholarship of some post-Soviet Russian scholar, if in fact there even IS any such "scholar" in this case. I would have to defer to some WP Mannerheim historians more qualified than I on that matter, but I do NOT defer on the basic requirement for NO original research, even if a lot of WP editors routinely get away with violating this basic rule. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.115.22.242 (talk) 20:47, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Bidlack is an American history professor. The source reports that Finnish forces, led by Mannerheim, had a significant role in the Siege of Leningrad. Multiple other sources on the page support this. You're removing all content with all sources, including ones that meet standards. If you are after integrity, remove what is unsupported or not up to snuff, but it is disingenuous to suggest that an American history professor publishing through Yale in English, for example, is a questionable Russian view. Kievaughn (talk) 17:37, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

Unsourced opinions of Wikipedia editors not permitted under WP:No original research
The problems with including this material are manifold: A. The offered sources do not appear to tie M to the atrocities claimed. B. Some of the cited sources are dead links. C. Iltalehti and Aamulehti are hardly scholarly sources; THEY also do not appear to tie M to the assertions made in the article. D. Under basic rules of composition, you can't bring up in the introduction material that is NOT discussed in the actual article.

1. Under English Wikipedia sourcing rules, I am requesting the editor(s) wishing to include this material to provide English translations for the material requested to be included. In the case of the Iltalehti article, in addition to it being a suspect source, it DOES NOT MAKE the assertions that the editors are trying to include in the article. As an editor you CANNOT draw inferences or your own conclusions from source material EVEN IF IT IS accepted by scholars. If the/an editor can provide a quote from ANY OF THE SOURCES offered that make the same assertions as the editors are making AFAIAC it would be fine to include the material in the article, but unless it's something more scholarly than Iltalehti or Aamulehti, it should be QUALIFIED as such, NOT stated as fact AND NOT STATED as a scholarly position, unless some consensus of editors agrees that IS a scholarly position on M.

2. It is NOT a case of burying the material at all. Quite the contrary: If the assertions are supported by scholarly sources OR ANY sources to start with, it can be included. But it needs to be INTRODUCED IN THE INTRODUCTION, then expanded on in an appropriate section of the body of the article.

3. The disputed material is being removed here to TALK until such time it is properly sourced INCLUDING the INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS SPECIFICALLY ABOUT M that are largely or entirely NOT covered in the sources.

 * TO INCLUDE THE MATERIAL, the editor wishing to do so needs to provide supporting quotes ABOUT MANNERHEIM from the citations s/he is listing because I do not see them and doubt they exist. Then if such supporting sources can be proved, the material needs to be INTRODUCED in the INTRODUCTION and continued in an appropriate section of the article, NOT all just DUMPED in the intro, NEVERMORE to be discussed again! ***

It is specifically NOT allowed under WP:No original research for an editor to take cited source material, then expand on it with his/her OWN conclusions, inferences, etcetera--EVEN IF those conclusions are reasonable. I am NOT saying that here the conclusions ARE reasonable.

One basic example of non-permitted connections on the part of a WP editor is that a s/he cannot on the basis the AH visited MM on MM's 75th birthday and/or on the basis that Finland was an ally or "co-belligerent" or WHATEVER at the time of German operations around Leningrad OR anywhere ELSE declare in the WP article that MM is therefore a collaborator of AH. In the case of the birthday visit it is a non sequitur. BUT... even if you could find a hundred or a thousand examples of MM/AH get-togethers in a war context or just as friends, you CANNOT call them collaborators UNLESS some qualifying source (or ANY source to start with) actually CALLS them collaborators or words to that effect. That's what NO ORIGINAL RESEARCH MEANS. ''as well as his role in the siege of Leningrad, a joint campaign with Nazi Germany, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 900,000 to more than 1,000,000 civilians, including women and children, and has been deemed a genocide by the Russian government as well as some historians. Mannerheim approved the use of Finnish troops in the Waffen-SS, where some probably committed atrocities against Jews, prisoners of war, and civilians; he was also a personal collaborator of Adolf Hitler. ''

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.181.119.176 (talk) 10:10, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Ah, I didn't know about this rule! So I'll go ahead and remove all Finnish language sources and related text. Kievaughn (talk) 08:46, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim


text: Category:Holden

title: Category:Holden


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check/Example 4/

Based on the article on Spiders. the John Wilburson sentence has been added as an example and is completely made up.

Spiders are invertebrate animals that produce silk, have  eight legs  and no wings. More precisely, a spider is any member of the arachnid order Araneae, an order divided into three sub-orders in newer systems: the Mygalomorphae (the primitive spiders), the Araneomorphae (the modern spiders) and the Mesothelae, which contains the Family Liphistiidae, rarely seen burrowing spiders from Asia. The study of spiders is known as arachnology, although it is often grouped under the more general area of entomology.

Many spiders hunt by building webs to trap insects. These webs are made of spider silk, a thin, strong protein strand extruded by the spider from spinnerets on the end of the abdomen. All spiders produce silk, although not all use it to spin elaborate traps. Silk can be used to aid in climbing, forming smooth walls for burrows, cocooning prey, and for many other applications.

The popular writer John Wilburson believes that spiders are actually the most intelligent species on the planet.

Facts and References
Obviously this section is not autogenerated. But a future development of Wikimedia could create an autogenerated list from the links.

(1) Statement: "Spiders are invertebrate animals" (2) Statement: "that produce silk" (3) Statement: "have eight legs" (4) Statement: "no wings" (5) Statement: "a spider is any member of the arachnid order Araneae" (6) Statement "The popular writer John Wilburson believes that spiders are actually the most intelligent species on the planet."
 * "Arthropods include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids, such as spiders".
 * page 1, Encyclopedia Article: Spiders (Arthropod) Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.
 * "produce silken threads and webs"
 * page 5, Encyclopedia Article: Spiders (Arthropod). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.
 * "spiders have eight legs"
 * page 8, Encyclopedia Article Spiders (Arthropod). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.
 * "they lack antennae and wings"
 * page 11, Encyclopedia Article Spiders (Arthropod). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.
 * "Spiders belong to the order Araneae"
 * page 14, Encyclopedia Article: Spiders (Arthropod). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.
 * Discussion of Wilbursons views
 * page 18-20, Encyclopedia Article: Spiders (Arthropod). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003.


text:
Talk:Molly (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

from VfD:

Subtrivial fancruft. Granted, there are many such pages under "Occasional Characters" for Buffy the Vampire Slayer, but this one jumps out at you. (Nothing against the show, mind you; many television shows have unnecessary pages for minor characters - like DuckTales, for one.) Although Cyrk seems set to survive deletion, this has even less information. Ian Pugh 18:13, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - there's very little more to write about the character anyway. Jelly441 18:43, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect to Buffy the Vampire Slayer. RickK 19:39, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Possibly move to an article on Minor Characters in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Darksun 20:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Francruft. Incidentally, this may be a good time to think about deleting fancruft from other series too. --Improv 22:05, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:57, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge all into 1 page like the Neopets, Apprentice 2 candidates, minor races in Star Wars, and D&D spells. Ancient Dragon 05:17, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with the merge ideas above. I suspect that it will be done before the VFD ends, so I'll make my vote Keep as redirect to whatever page. -- Netoholic @ 08:43, 2004 Oct 5 (UTC)
 * Delete and merge with "Occassional Characters" or an article on all the potential Slayers. Gamaliel 02:46, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like the idea of one article on all Potentials if it wasn't for Kennedy, who (unfortunately) is probably prominent enough for her own page. Merge and redirect to BTVS. Kinitawowi 09:27, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect — siro  χ  o  05:01, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. anthony (see warning) 22:25, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge the Potentials/Slayers-in-training into their own page, and redirect all. -Sean Curtin 02:15, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Molly (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


text: Category:Hummer

title: Category:Hummer


text: Category:Subaru

title: Category:Subaru


text:
Talk:Shigeru Kan-no

Untitled
English needs correcting at least Dogsdinner 18:15, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I tried to improve that, but the list like quality of the biographical notes on his studies makes it a hard piece of work. Since I'm not a native speaker I left the clean-up template in place so that a native english speaker may find and review my changes. --chris 論 18:12, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Obviously my clean-up was unwelcome. Someone reverted my changes without comment, just wanted to state that I'm not responsible for the mess as it is now - again ;-) --chris 論 07:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I tried to clarify the english, and order the paragraphs in terms of what would be the most important info to new readers. (The list of who studied with would not be familiar to most, so placed it last.) Hope this helps. Aine63 03:34, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

wikipedian
Mr.Kan-no is one of the Kentaro Noda's wiki-friend.I hope Kan-no's cool mind and sophisticated musician sence.

However I am not the sockpuppet of Kentaro,I have no evil for Kan-no and Kentaro.Let's have an meeting in our future!Kaori Makube 07:33, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Shigeru Kan-no. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050314105336/http://www.concertartist.info:80/bios/kanno.html to http://www.concertartist.info/bios/kanno.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:08, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shigeru Kan-no


text:
Gruithuisen (crater)

Gruithuisen is a lunar impact crater that lies on the section of lunar mare that joins Oceanus Procellarum in the west to Mare Imbrium in the east. Southeast of Gruithuisen is the small crater Delisle. To the south is Dorsum Bucher, a wrinkle ridge running in a north–south direction for about 90 kilometers.

The rim of Gruithuisen is relatively smooth and circular, projecting only slightly above the surrounding mare. The interior is relatively featureless with a small floor, with mounds of material deposited along the edges of the sloping inner walls.

To the north of the crater, along the edge of the highland peninsula between the two maria is a domed mountainous rise that is designated Mons Gruithuisen Gamma (γ). Just to the east of this feature is another mountainous rise named Mons Gruithuisen Delta (δ). Northwest of Gruithuisen crater is concentrated cluster of several craterlets, which was most likely formed from a single body that broke up just prior to impact.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Gruithuisen.

title: Gruithuisen (crater)


text:
Dane axe

The Dane axe or long axe (including Danish axe and English long axe) is a type of European early medieval period two-handed battle axe with a very long shaft, around 0.9-1.2 m at the low end to 1.5-1.7 m or more at the long end. Sometimes called a broadaxe (breiðøx), the blade was broad and thin, intended to give a long powerful cut when swung, effective against cavalry, shields and unarmored opponents.

Dane axes were predominantly used during the European Viking Age to the transition between the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages, later being developed into the poleaxe, halberd and other similar polearms by lengthening the shaft and adding a lengthwise pike on the end and spike on the reverse. It is one of the predominant weapons depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, a period tapestry depicting the events of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, and one of the specified weapons common with the Varangian Guard.

Construction
Most axes, both in period illustrations and extant artifact, that fall under the description of Danish axe possess type L or type M heads according to the Petersen axe typology. Both types consist of a wide, thin blade, with pronounced "horns" at both the toe and heel of the bit. Cutting surfaces vary, but is generally between 20 and 30 cm. Type L blades tend to be smaller, with the toe of the bit swept forward for superior shearing capability. Later type M blades are typically larger overall, with a more symmetrical toe and heel.

The blade itself was reasonably light and forged very thin, making it superb for cutting. The thickness of the body on top the edge is as thin as 2 mm. Many of these axes were constructed with a reinforced bit, typically of a higher carbon steel to facilitate a harder, sharper edge. Average weight of an axe this size is between 1 and 2 kg. Proportionally, the long axe has more in common with a modern meat cleaver than a wood axe. This complex construction (i.e. forged thin and incorporating a harder type of steel near the edge) results in a lively and quick weapon with devastating cutting ability.

Based on period depictions, the haft of a longaxe for combat was usually between approx. 0.9 and 1.2 m long, although Dane axes used as status symbols might be as long as 1.5 to 1.7 m (5 to 5½ ft). Such axes might also feature inlaid silver and frequently do not have the flared steel edge of a weapon designed for war. Some surviving examples also feature a brass haft cap, often richly decorated, which presumably served to keep the head of the weapon secure on the haft, as well as protecting the end of the haft from the rigours of battle. Ash and oak are the most likely materials for the haft, as they have always been the primary materials used for polearms in Europe.

History

Through the course of the 9th to the 11th centuries, the Dane axe began to gain further popularity outside of Scandinavia, either through Viking trade or influence or independent developments; such as England, Ireland and Normandy. Historical accounts may depict the Dane axe as the weapon of some of the warrior elite in this period, such as the Huscarls of Anglo-Saxon England. In the Bayeux tapestry, a visual record of the ascent of William the Conqueror to the throne of England, the axe is almost exclusively wielded by well armoured huscarls. These huscarls formed the core bodyguard of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. A Dane axe, perhaps King Edward's, is offered to Harold before he is crowned. The Bayeux Tapestry also depicts a huscarl cleaving a Norman knight's horse's head with one blow. The Dane axe is also known to have been used by the Varangian Guard, also known as pelekyphoros phroura (πελεκυφόρος φρουρά), the "axe-bearing guard", who were mercenary soldiers from northern and eastern Europe employed by the Roman emperors. One surviving ivory plaque from 10th-century Constantinople depicts a Varangian holding an axe that is at least as tall as its wielder.

The Dane axe became widely used throughout Europe from the 10th century, with axes gaining acceptance as a knightly weapon not long after; albeit not achieving the status of the sword. They also began to be used widely as an infantry polearm, with the haft lengthened to about 1.8 m. The 13th and 14th centuries also saw form changes, with the blade also lengthening, the rear horn extending to touch or attach to the haft. The lengthened weapon, especially if combined with the lengthened blade, was called a sparth in England. Some believe this weapon is the ancestor of the halberd.

While the use of the Dane axe continued into the 14th century, axes with an armour-piercing back-spike and spear-like spike on the forward end of the haft became more common, eventually evolving into the poleaxe in the 15th century. The simple Danish axe continued to be used in the West of Scotland and in Ireland into the 16th century. In Ireland, it was particularly associated with gallowglass mercenaries.

Famous historical figures associated with the axe
After the Battle of Stiklestad, the axe also became the symbol of St. Olaf and can still be seen on the Coat of Arms of Norway. However, this is because the axe is the implement of his martyrdom, rather than signifying use.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle describes how a giant Norse axeman wielding what was most likely a Dane axe, single-handedly cut down up to 40 Englishman during the battle of Stamford bridge. Supposedly, he was only defeated when an English soldier floated under the bridge in a barrel and thrust his spear through the planks, mortally wounding the axeman.

King Stephen of England famously used a Danish axe at the Battle of Lincoln 1141. While one account says after his sword broke, another says he used his sword only after his axe broke.

Richard the Lionheart was often recorded in Victorian times wielding a large war axe, though references are sometimes wildly exaggerated as befitted a national hero:

"Long and long after he was quiet in his grave, his terrible battle-axe, with twenty English pounds of English steel in its mighty head […]"

- Charles Dickens

Richard is, however, recorded as using a Danish Axe at the relief of Jaffa. Geoffrey of Lusignan is another famous crusader associated with the axe.

Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, famously killed Henry de Bohun at the Battle of Bannockburn with a single blow of his axe. The blow was so powerful it split de Bohun's helmet and skull open and snapped the shaft of the axe. Depictions of the axe show a standard battle axe, however, not a Dane Axe.

In the 14th century, the use of axes is increasingly noted by Froissart in his Chronicle, with King John II using one at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 and Sir James Douglas at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388. Bretons were apparently noted axe users, with Bertrand du Guesclin and Olivier de Clisson both wielding axes in battle. In these cases, it is uncertain whether the weapon was a Danish axe, or the proto-pollaxe.

title: Dane axe


text:
User:ChrisG/ReferenceTest

"Arthropods include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids, such as spiders".

title: User:ChrisG/ReferenceTest


text:
User:Ggallard

Widget Wiki

title: User:Ggallard


text: Category:1485 births

title: Category:1485 births


text:
Talk:Irréversible

Untitled

 * the violence that is depicted in movies generally is either sensationalised or dilutes it was a change to see it depicted in detai here, what that really contributes to is to make us think about the reality of it, it affects us we perhaps puts us in that place and feel terrified most people turn away from this feeling. the act of revenge is perhaps justified when we are taken in to a dream at the end of the movie- that the heroine has of her would be children. About the revenge thing - there is an intention of revenge in the whole legal process that human race follow through out the world after a crime is committed.

I removed this paragraph from the "public reception" section, because I think this is a personal opinion. Certainly a good point, but I don't think this should be in an encyclopedia article. Sietse 18:24, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

the shot at the park, at the close of the film, is not "time indeterminate"; alex is shown reading An Experiment with Time (zoom in on a dvd, you can make out the title, in english); she tells marcus and pierre about having just started it when theyre on their way to the party (describes a book about predestination, which is a misinterpretation of the dunne, where the proof is in yr dreams). Nateji77 08:59, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Hi, I removed the section stating the blurred figure in the rape scene may be Pierre. There is absolutely no evidence it could be, it could be anyone it is that vague. Even in the DVD's making of effects documentary, the director never even hints the figure could be Pierre - just a random member of the public.

WRONG INFO ALERT
It said in the description that Le tenia attempts to rape one of the guys and that the other bashes his head in - in fact it is Le tenia's _friend_ who does all that and is killed. Le tenia - the original rapist - is completely unharmed and sort of stands there not believing what just happened - will fix, back to work! cheers  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.132.18.18 (talk) 23:38, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Language
I don't understand what "Gaspar digitally inserted himself because he might fear the film would be homophobic from viewers." is meant to describe. It should be rephrased.

 * I've gone ahead and removed that, since it was sourced tot he trivia section for the film on IMDB. Absolutely not reliable at all and it was phrased awkwardly.  Nice catch.   Millahnna (mouse)  talk  12:05, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Deleted Scene
Should it get a mention? 92.24.83.87 (talk) 13:00, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

CGI in Rape Scene (from plot synopsis)
quote: "The rape takes place after Alex encounters le Tenia beating Concha in a pedestrian underpass. Le Tenia then turns his attention on Alex and threatens her with a knife to her throat. The following rape scene is portrayed using a single, unbroken shot, lasting nine minutes. Although this scene appears horrifically realistic, CGI was used."

I don't mean to nitpick, but is this somewhat misleading? The CGI used is used only for the rapist's wang (seen when he rolls off the battered victim), not the act of rape per se, which is simulated without special effects. Perhaps it should be rewritten -- people who haven't seen the movie may get the wrong idea about this eminently violent scene when they read "CGI was used." 204.209.209.129 (talk) 20:04, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Anyway, I went ahead a did some editing to the plot summary, nothing major -- my goal was to make things clearer and bring attention to some neglected details and fix some of the wording. Mind you, my edits may suck, what do i know? Some may feel the plot summary is too long, but later I would like to add more material to this page for balance, particularly the "reception" section. thanks. 204.209.209.129 (talk) 22:46, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

Technical Details
Is CGI quite the right way to describe how the fire extinguisher murder was achieved? Surely it's some sort of composite of a dummy and the actor, rather than "computer graphics" as such? Cardinal Wurzel 20:24, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually they use a mix of computer graphics, the latex dummy, and the live actor for this brutal effect. You can see this on the mini "making of" feature on the DVD. 204.209.209.129 (talk) 21:11, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Also, I don't think the film tries to present the action as "all one take". This is impossible anyway, as the film moves backwards. The previous section speaks of a "nine-minute take". If the film is presented as "all one take", how could we distinguish that nine minutes from the rest? I agree that the cuts are made invisible, but I don't think the goal of that was to create the illusion that the plot unfolds in one continuous take. I think it was a device to preserve the "drifting camera" motif established early on in the film.Banditteeth 16:33, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Title
I find it a bit bizarre that the title is spelled IЯЯƎVƎЯSIBLƎ in the article. Isn't the title just Irréversible (as the article is titled)? (And anyway, I doubt the official title has Cyrillic characters in it...) Cute, but I suggest we change it to Irréversible. Objections? — brighterorange  (talk) 03:08, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, technically, it's not Cyrillic, just (some) letters mirrored to match Cyrillic. The choice is rather strange, seems like only the characters that have Cyrillic equivalents are reversed. The only relevant cultural reference I can find is to Clockwork Orange (also w/ violence as a significant part of the plot and arbitrary use of Russian language).

Bronze Horse award
Maybe someone should include a note on what that is.

"Limited to cinemas and tertiary film studies courses"
Should explain what this means. That it is banned from film studies courses before university? T.V., etc.? --Samuel O'Malley 18:34, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

It would be nice to have a source for this information, but I gather what it means is that it is only allowed to be shown in cinemas, with the exception that students (presumably tertiary level, i.e. college or university because of age restrictions) who are studying the film can use the film for their studies. I do know that the BBFC in the UK assess films differently for cinema than for video release - in fact the BBFC news article on Irreversible on their website stated that although it was released uncut in cinemas, they would reconsider it when it came to be released on video (although it was released uncut on video as well). Their rational seems to be that, first of all, it is much more unlikely for underage viewers to see a film in the cinema, and secondly that video gives the opportunity for parts of the film to be watched on their own, apart from the rest of the film, as many times as the viewer wishes. This is why they are especially hard on sexual violence on video. Obviously the BBFC are not the New Zealand film censors (whatever they're called), but I imagine their reasons are similar if not the same.Liquidcow (talk) 17:42, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Sanctions Rape
The article includes a (unsourced) statement that the film has been accused of sancioning rape. I have never come across any film critic saying this. I have heard of accusations that it eroticises or dwells on the rape by presenting it so unflinchingly, but that is not the same thing. This is quite a strong comment to have here without a source to back it up.Liquidcow (talk) 17:45, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Albert dupontel3.jpg
Image:Albert dupontel3.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:25, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Irreversible ver2.jpg
Image:Irreversible ver2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:38, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Plot section.
This is in reverse order. While I understand that it may be easier to understand the 'plot' like this, it is terrible as a description of the film. I suggest pruning it radically and reversing (again) the order. pablo 10:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Technically, I suppose the "plot" arguably refers to the storyline (in chronological order) as opposed to the narrative (as shown in the film)? Not sure of the policy on this.
 * As it stands, it states there are 13 scenes in reverse order, then followed by nine paragraphs. To aid the reader, each paragraph should represent a different scene, therefore with 13 scenes, preferably numbered.  —sroc (talk) 10:43, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Perhaps the plot can be put in a table with each scene in a separate row, so that the reader can choose the order the scenes in narrative (ascending) or chronological (descending) order by scene number? —sroc (talk) 10:49, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

In the wp article for the film Memento there is a very cogent discussion of the difference between the chronology of the plot and the chronology of a film's narrative (in the section 'Film Structure'). Either referencing that text, or copying it, or ??? might help explain what is going on this film. 174.65.10.224 (talk) 23:24, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

 * See WP:PLOTPRESENT: If it makes the plot easier to explain, events can be reordered; for instance, a backstory revealed later in a novel can be put first, or a non-chronological structure made chronological. See, for example, Pulp Fiction.

—sroc 💬 11:05, 7 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Yeah, but Pulp Fiction's structure is not primarily presented chronologically on its wiki page, nor is Memento's, Reservoir Dogs', or Kill Bill's. I don't see how describing it chronologically for Irréversible is in any way terribly helpful or enlightening. Damienivan (talk) 22:21, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

Plot II
The taxi scene is missing in the plot description. 212.186.99.222 (talk) 00:45, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Wrong transcription / translation?
> A title card reads: "Le Temps Detruit Tous" ("Time destroys everything")

"Tous" actually means "everyone". "Tout" would mean "everything". I don't have a copy of the movie handy so I can't settle this question but either the transcription or the translation is broken. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallais (talk • contribs) 19:59, 16 May 2015 (UTC)

Second Taxi Scene
I believe there were two taxi scenes, rather than just one, as shown in the plot on this page. The first scene, in the order in which it is shown in the film, is the scene after it was stolen from the driver, in which Vincent breaks the windows. Only after this scene do we see them hail the cab and get in with the original driver, making it its own separate scene. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Halfinjest (talk • contribs) 16:40, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Film ending
Whoever posted the plot description has failed to grasp the significance of the film ending. The woman reading An Experiment With Time is not Alex, rather she is Alex's pregnant mother, with Alex inside her. Both mother and daughter, perhaps a quarter of a century apart, have the same 2001 poster on their wall.

This film draws plot elements from two Kubrick films, 2001 and A Clockwork Orange, but the main structure (beginning with an act of animal violence and ending with the fetus) is all 2001.

This is a wonderful film, and the 'chronological' re-ordering of the plot does it no favours.

StephenJPC (talk) 07:12, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irréversible


text: Category:1452 births

title: Category:1452 births


text: Category:1473 births

title: Category:1473 births


text: Category:1466 births

title: Category:1466 births


text: Category:1489 births

title: Category:1489 births


text: Category:1475 births

title: Category:1475 births


text:
User:Mattdm

I work on Fedora (operating system). Previously, was a Senior Systems Architect / Administrator in the Instructional and Research Computing Services group at Harvard SEAS, and before that, a Systems Administrator / Analyst at Boston University, where I worked on the BU Linux project. Along with a bazillion other people, I'm named Matthew Miller, and you can find my personal web site at http://mattdm.org/.

title: User:Mattdm