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Semirechye Cossacks

Semirechyenskoe Cossack Host (Семиреченское казачье войско) was a Cossack host in Imperial Russia, located in the Semirechyenskaya Oblast (today comprising most of Kyrgyzstan as well as Almaty oblysy, Taldy-Korgan (Taldyqorghan) oblysy, and parts of the Taraz oblysy and Semey oblysy in Kazakhstan) with the center in Verny.

The Semirechyenskoe Cossack Host was created out of a portion of the Siberian Cossack Host in 1867. It was commanded by a nakazny or ataman (who was also the military governor of the oblast). From 1882, the Semirechye Ataman was responsible to the Governor General of the Steppe; and from 1899 the Governor General of Turkestan.

In the early 20th century, the Semirechye Cossask Host supplied 1 cavalry regiment (4 sotnyas) and 1 platoon of local guards in times of peace. In times of war the host provided 3 cavalry regiments and 12 detached sotnyas. The Semirechyenskoe Cossasks possessed 7,440 km2 of land, including 710 km2 of arable land. In 1916, The Cossack population in this region numbered approximately 45,000 people.

The Semirechyenskoe Cossask Host played a role in the expansionist colonial policy of the Tsar in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Semirechyenskoe Cossacks took part in the conquest of Central Asia and in World War I. During the Russian Civil War, the prosperous leadership of the Semirechyenskoe Cossask Host opposed the Soviets. After the defeat of the White movement in the Steppes in April 1920, the Semirechyenskoe Cossask Host was disbanded. As part of the process of "Decossackization", its former leaders were forcibly transferred to the Russian Extreme North.

Distinctions
The distinguishing colour of the Semirechyenskoe Cossack Host was "raspberry red" (crimson); worn on the cap bands, shoulder straps and wide trouser stripes of a green uniform of the loose-fitting cut common to the Steppe Cossacks. Officers wore silver epaulettes and braid. High fleece hats were worn on occasion, with crimson cloth tops. Until 1908 cossacks from all hosts were required to provide their own uniforms; together with horses, saddlery and sabers. However the prosperous Semirechyenskoe Host was able to maintain its own clothing factories and stores as community owned resources.

title: Semirechye Cossacks


text: File:Infoboxtemp.JPG

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Infoboxtemp.JPG


text: Category:Military of Latvia

title: Category:Military of Latvia


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William McKean

William Wister McKean (19 September 1800 – 22 April 1865) was an admiral in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was noted for his service in the Union blockade that effectively closed Confederate seaports in the Gulf of Mexico.

Biography
Born in Pennsylvania, McKean was the grandson of Thomas McKean, the governor of that state.

William Wister McKean was appointed midshipman on 30 November 1814. He served in the Navy from the War of 1812 to the Civil War, when he rose to the rank of flag officer in command of the Gulf Blockading Squadron in early 1862 and later the East Gulf Blockading Squadron. McKean was relieved from active duty on 4 June 1862.

McKean died at Binghamton, New York, 22 April 1865.

Dates of rank

 * Midshipman - 30 November 1814
 * Lieutenant - 13 January 1825
 * Commander - 8 September 1841
 * Captain - 14 September 1855
 * Retired List - 27 December 1861
 * Flag Officer, Retired List - 3 January 1862
 * Commodore, on Retired List - 16 July, 1862
 * Died - 22 April 1865

Namesakes
Two ships were named USS McKean in his honor.

title: William McKean


text:
Anton Thraen

Anton Karl Thraen (17 January 1843, Holungen, Province of Saxony – 18 February 1902, Dingelstädt) was a German astronomer and named two minor planets, 442 Eichsfeldia and 443 Photographica.

Biography
Thraen was born on 17 January 1843 in Holungen, in the Prussian Province of Saxony, where he attended the elementary school at that time. In 1863, he completed his schooling in Heiligenstadt and went to Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1863–66), and the University of Paderborn (1866–68) and learned theology. Already in Munster, he also knew mathematical and astronomical lectures and helped at the observatory.

From 1883 up to his death, he worked as a minister in Dingelstädt. Here, he organised charitable collections for the development of the hospital and the parish church. By night he often observed the sky with his telescope, particularly working on the orbits of comets and minor planets, publishing his results in international technical periodicals.

Despite going blind in his left eye, this work was continued. He observed the short-period Comet III (Wolf) in 1884-85 with 950 observations and in 1891-92 with 681 observations, and calculated its orbit to forecast the third return. Thraen also discovered several new asteroids, which received the name "Eichsfeldia" and the name "Photographica" from Professor Wolf.

Thraen was honoured by the Prussian state in 1900 with the award of the Roten-Adlerordens, IV class. Only in 1902 at a conference in Göttingen did he become personally acquainted with many astronomers, with whom he had previously only been in contact with by post. In August of that year, he fell ill with incurable gastric trouble, and died on 18 December 1902.

Asteroid 4098 Thraen, discovered by Dr. Börngen of the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenberg in 1987 is named for the Dingelstädter minister and astronomer. At his parents' house in Holungen in 1956, a plaque was attached in his memory. The city of Dingelstädt has a street named after Thraen.

title: Anton Thraen


text:
User talk:Andreasl

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 00:04, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Andreasl! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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 * 1) Gunn Marit Helgesen -

title: User talk:Andreasl


text:
Category:French Navy

This is the category of all articles relating to the French Navy.

title: Category:French Navy


text:
Zofia Nałkowska

Zofia Nałkowska (, 10 November 1884, in Warsaw, Congress Poland – 17 December 1954, in Warsaw) was a Polish prose writer, dramatist, and prolific essayist. She served as the executive member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (1933–1939) during the interwar period.

Biography
Nałkowska was born into a family of intellectuals dedicated to issues of social justice, and studied at the clandestine Flying University under the Russian partition. Upon Poland's return to independence she became one of the country's most distinguished feminist writers of novels, novellas and stage-plays characterized by socio-realism and psychological depth.

Literary output
Nałkowska's first literary success was the Romans Teresy Hennert (The Romance of Teresa Hennert, 1923) followed by a slew of popular novels. She is best known for her books Granica (Boundary, 1935), the Węzły życia (Bonds of Life, 1948) and Medaliony (Medallions, 1947).

In her writing, Nałkowska boldly tackled difficult and controversial subjects, professing in her 1932 article "Organizacja erotyzmu" (Structure of Eroticism) published in the Wiadomości Literackie magazine – the premier literary periodical in Poland at the time – that: ...a rational, nay, intellectual approach to eroticism must be encouraged and strengthened, to allow for a consideration of eroticism in conjunction with other aspects of the life of the human community. Eroticism is not a private matter of the individual. It has its ramifications within all domains of human life and it is not possible to separate it from them by way of contemptuous disparagement in the name of morality, discretion, or yet by a demotion on the hierarchy of subjects worthy of intellectual attention: it cannot be isolated by prudery or relegated to science for its purely biological dimension."

Tribute
On 10 November 2014 Google celebrated her 130th birthday with a Google Doodle.

From May 2024, a manuscript Nałkowska's Diary is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw.

Novels

 * Kobiety (Women, 1906), translated by Michael Henry Dziewicki, 1920
 * Książę (The Prince, 1907)
 * Rówieśnice (Contemporaries, 1909)
 * Narcyza (1911)
 * Noc podniebna (Heavenly night, novella, 1911)
 * Węże i róże (Snakes and roses, 1914)
 * Hrabia Emil (Count Emil, 1920)
 * Na torfowiskach (At the bogs, 1922)
 * Romans Teresy Hennert (The Romance of Teresa Hennert, 1923), translated by Megan Thomas and Ewa Malachowska-Pasek, 2014
 * Dom nad łąkami (House upon the meadows, autobiography, 1925)
 * Choucas (1927), translated by Ursula Phillips, 2014 (winner of the Found in Translation Award 2015)
 * Niedobra miłość (Bad love, 1928)
 * Granica (Boundary, 1935), translated by Ursula Phillips, 2016
 * Niecierpliwi (Anxious,1938)
 * Węzły życia (Living ties, 1948)
 * Mój ojciec (My father, 1953)

Short stories

 * Medaliony (Medallions, 1946), a collection of 8 short stories about German World War II atrocities in occupied Poland, translated by Diana Kuprel, 2000

Stage plays

 * Dom kobiet (1930)
 * Dzień jego powrotu (1931) (The Day of his Return, translated by Marja Slomczanka, performed 1931)
 * Renata Słuczańska (1935)

title: Zofia Nałkowska


text: User talk:24.56.220.207

title: User talk:24.56.220.207


text:
Sunshine pop

Sunshine pop (originally known as soft pop) is a subgenre of pop music that originated in Southern California in the mid-1960s. Rooted in easy listening and advertising jingles, sunshine pop acts combined nostalgic or anxious moods with "an appreciation for the beauty of the world". The category largely consists of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups such as the Mamas & the Papas and the 5th Dimension. While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences, the band's music was rarely representative of the genre.

Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade, with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967, especially just before the Summer of Love. Popular acts include the Turtles and the Association. Other groups, like the Millennium, Sagittarius, and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later with albums like Begin (Millennium, 1968) and Present Tense (Sagittarius, 1968) being sought on the collectors’ market.

Etymology
Music identified under the sunshine pop banner initially was called "soft pop". Record collectors coined and popularized the term "sunshine pop" many years after the fact.

Origins and characteristics
Sunshine pop originated in California in the mid to late-1960s, beginning as an outgrowth of the California Sound and folk rock movements. Rooted in easy-listening, advertising jingles, and the growing drug culture, the music was characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music. Most of the acts were lesser-known bands named after fruits, colors, or cosmic concepts that imitated popular groups like the Beach Boys, the Mamas & the Papas, and the 5th Dimension. In some ways, the genre is similar to baroque pop through being elaborate and melancholic, but it crossed into folk-pop and Brill Building styles. It may be seen as a form of escapism from the turmoil of the times. The A.V. Club's Noel Murray writes: "sunshine pop acts expressed an appreciation for the beauty of the world mixed with a sense of anxiety that the good ol' days were gone for good."

Some of the artists who influenced the style include Curt Boettcher, the Mamas & the Papas' John Phillips, and the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson. Concerning the Beach Boys' involvement with sunshine pop, the orchestral style of Pet Sounds (1966) was imitated by many Los Angeles record producers, but The A.V. Club notes: "Though [the Beach Boys] ... were hugely influential on the sunshine pop acts that followed, [their] music was rarely in step with the genre." The Suburban's Joel Goldenburg believes the closest the group ever came to the genre was the lightly produced album Friends (1968): "the vocals of sunshine pop songs are a little more anonymous and not as lushly featured as that of The Beach Boys. And I don't see the [Phil] Spector connection. The light touch applied to the songs reminds me more of soft samba music." Murray says that "John Phillips, on the other hand, practically created the blueprint for sunshine pop, with little of Wilson's uncommercial weirdness." Brian Wilson commented that "you can turn the Beach Boys upside down ... just the track or whatever, and I think they [the Mamas & the Papas] have as much vocal as we do track ... whereas, I think, we emphasize a little more track than vocal."

Sunshine pop and the California Sound's influence expanded to other countries. In Spain, it initially was pioneered by groups like Pic-Nic, Granada Los Ángeles and Los Iberos in 1968. Between 1969 and the 1970s there was a boom of "soft pop" acts in the country, among them Los Yetis, Solera, Módulos, Nuevos Horizontes and Vainica Doble.

Rediscovery
After its peak in the 1960s, the genre lingered in near-obscurity, although it enjoyed some interest among collectors of rare vinyl singles and LPs. Select albums would occasionally fetch hefty prices at online auctions or in record stores. A name was eventually given to the music, "sunshine pop", although it was rarely deployed outside of record collecting circles. In the early 1990s, a renewed interest began in Japan, where record companies started publishing compilations of long-forgotten, obscure 1960s music. This revival subsequently spread to Europe and the United States.

Compilations and box-sets by groups such as Spanky and Our Gang, The Association, The Arbors and The Love Generation have been released on CD. Among the record labels which issue sunshine pop re-releases are Revola Records in Britain and the US label Sundazed.

title: Sunshine pop


text:
Gunn Marit Helgesen

Gunn Marit Helgesen (born 30 October 1958) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Helgesen served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the terms 1993–1997, 1997–2001, 2001–2005, 2005–2009 and 2009–2013. In total she met during 68 days of parliamentary session. From 1995 to 2003 she was deputy county mayor of Telemark, and from 2003 she was county mayor. After the 2011 Norwegian local elections the local centre-right alliance was dissolved, and Terje Riis-Johansen became county mayor of a new centre-left coalition. She succeeded Halvdan Skard in December 2013 as chair of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities.

She is also president of the North Sea Commission. and a board member of Kommunal Landspensjonskasse.

title: Gunn Marit Helgesen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Choot (0th nomination)

Choot was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Foreign language dicdef(s). Recommend deletion, no redirect. SWAdair | Talk 00:19, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Has been through vfd before and got deleted. See Votes for deletion/Hindi slang.  The article has been speedily deleted, as is the standard for this. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 00:27, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:65.115.176.53

title: User talk:65.115.176.53


text:
Talk:Mars Volta

Removed redirect. There is a techno band that shares the name with TMV, only they are named "Mars Volta", so redirecting this page blocks them out from being added later.

title: Talk:Mars Volta


text:
Gernrode

Gernrode is a historic town and former municipality in the Harz District, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2014, it has been part of Quedlinburg. It was the seat of the former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("municipal association") of Gernrode/Harz.

First mentioned in 961, Gernrode received the privilege to bear its own coat of arms and seal, commonly regarded as town privileges. The town is best known for the Ottonian church of Saint Cyriakus, the collegiate church of a former Imperial chapter of nuns, and as the start of the narrow gauge Selke Valley Railway.

Geography
Gernrode is situated at the northeastern rim of the Harz mountain range and the Harz/Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park, about 6.5 km south of Quedlinburg. It lies at 215 m above sea level, at the foot of the Ramberg massif. It is nationally recognized for its health facilities and has state recognition as a spa town, where one may take the cure and recuperate in general (staatlich anerkannter Kur- und Erholungsort).

The town is also known as 'Gernrode/Harz', because of its location in the Harz mountains, and to distinguish it from Gernrode in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, also called 'Gernrode (Eichsfeld)'.

History

In 959 the Saxon margrave Gero founded a convent of canonesses in the Schwabengau territory, within the grounds of the Geronisroth fortification he built about the same time. He also founded the collegiate church for the convent, which King Otto I took under his special protection by a 961 deed. It was dedicated to Saint Cyriacus, whose relics Gero brought back for the church from his second journey to Rome in 963. Without male heirs, he bequested his vast properties to the convent and made his daughter-in-law Hathui (d. 1014), widow of his son Siegfried, first abbess (r.959-1014). She was succeeded by Adelaide I (r.1014-1045), a sister of Emperor Otto III, who was also Princess-abbess of Quedlinburg (r.999-1045).

Initially the Gernrode convent was on a par with the Imperial abbeys of Quedlinburg and Gandersheim. However, its secular Vogt protectors from the Ascanian princes of Anhalt, descendants of Albert the Bear, became increasingly powerful. Yet in 1188, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa held a Hoftag in Gernrode and donated a bell to the St. Stephan church (Stephanikirche, also known as the Market church or Marktkirche), the second historical church in Gernrode built in 1046. In the thirteenth century, Adelaide II was abbess of Gernrode (r.1207-1220).

The Protestant Reformation came to Anhalt and Gernrode in 1521. A Protestant elementary school was founded in 1533 according to the ideas of Martin Luther. Closely linked to the University of Wittenberg, the premises were used as a school until 1847, when it moved into St Stephen's Church, and may be the oldest such school in Germany. In 1565 Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst (1545–1574) became abbess of Gernrode and the convent was led by Ascanian princesses ever since. It was finally disbanded in 1614, when the last abbess Sophia Elizabeth (1589–1622), daughter of the Ascanian prince John George I of Anhalt-Dessau, married Duke George Rudolf of Liegnitz.

Gernrode received brewing rights in 1545. Beer brewing has since stopped, but a distillery is still present in the city. The city was traditionally part of the Duchy of Anhalt and a district of Ballenstedt. From 1037 to 1740 lead and silver were mined here. Matches and guns were also made in Gernrode. Parts of Gernrode were burnt in the Thirty Years' War (twice, in 1631 and 1635). In 1728 Emperor Charles VI formally enfeoffed the Anhalt princes with Gernode which was incorporated into Anhalt-Bernburg, raised to a duchy in 1806.

Due to its picturesque setting, Gernrode became a popular destination for recreational visitors from the early 19th century onwards. Goethe, Heinrich von Kleist and Wilhelm von Kügelgen stayed here, followed by numerous vacationers, and tourism became a significant economic factor. The town had 2,533 (Protestant) inhabitants in 1885.

On 19 April 1945, at the end of World War II, Gernrode was taken by the US Army without a battle, followed by occupation by Soviet troops in June. As part of the Soviet occupation zone, Gernrode belonged to East Germany from 1949 until German reunification in 1990. It celebrated its 1,000th year in 1961 and 450th year as a town in 1989. In 2001, celebrations to honour Emperor Otto I were held. Between 1 January 2011 and 19 February 2013, Gernrode was part of the town Quedlinburg, and again after 1 January 2014.

Selke Valley Railway
Gernrode is the starting point of the Selke Valley Railway (Selketalbahn), a narrow-gauge railway. The line was built in 1887 and after initially climbing through the mountains, follows the Selke river valley to Stiege. The total length from Gernrode to Stiege is 35 km.

Attractions
Attractions include the giant cuckoo clock (whose cuckoo appears every fifteen minutes), which was listed in the Guinness Book of Records in 1998. This is part of a clock factory, which also incorporates a giant weather house indicating current weather conditions. Other local attractions include a 7.45 m giant wood thermometer, the largest Skat table in the world, and the Prussia Tower on the Ölbergshöhe.

Town twinning
Gernrode is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Bachant, France, since 1969
 * 🇩🇪 Walsrode, Germany, since 1990

title: Gernrode


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gerdwin's Law

Gerdwin's Law
Neologism. SWAdair | Talk 00:24, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. concur. --Kbh3rd 01:25, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - neologism with no apparent usage. Laws of internet culture show up in Google searches. -- Cyrius|✎ 01:51, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:15, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. --Improv 21:27, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, save as a subpage of the talk of Gerdwin's Law just in case (: — siro  χ  o  06:18, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. --Tagishsimon
 * Delete. Non-notable.  (He ain't Godwin...) --Viriditas 09:56, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Alfentanil

Alfentanil (R-39209, trade name Alfenta, Rapifen in Australia) is a potent but short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug, used for anaesthesia in surgery. It is an analogue of fentanyl with around one-fourth to one-tenth the potency, one-third the duration of action, and an onset of action four times faster than that of fentanyl. Alfentanil has a pKa of approximately 6.5, which leads to a very high proportion of the drug being uncharged at physiologic pH, a characteristic responsible for its rapid onset. It is an agonist at mu opioid receptors.

While alfentanil tends to cause fewer cardiovascular complications than other similar drugs such as fentanyl and remifentanil, it tends to give stronger respiratory depression and so requires careful monitoring of breathing and vital signs. Almost exclusively used by anesthesia providers during portions of a case where quick, fast-acting (though not long-lasting) pain control is needed (as, for example, during nerve blocks), alfentanil is administered by the parenteral (injected) route for fast onset and precise control of dosage.

Discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1976, alfentanil is classified as a Schedule II drug in the United States.

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself and include itching, nausea and potentially life-threatening respiratory depression. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.

title: Alfentanil


text:
Westhausen

Westhausen can refer to the following places in Germany:

 * Westhausen (Ostalb), in the Ostalb district, Baden-Württemberg
 * Westhausen, Gotha, in the Gotha district, Thuringia
 * Westhausen, Hildburghausen, in the Hildburghausen district, Thuringia
 * A locality in the municipality of Bodenrode-Westhausen, in the Eichsfeld district, Thuringia

It may also refer to the following places in France:
 * Westhouse, a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace
 * Westhouse-Marmoutier, a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace

title: Westhausen


text:
User talk:Habsfannova

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Non-free use disputed for Image:Trudeaujustwatch.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 11:22, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:StockDayAd.jpg
I have tagged Image:StockDayAd.jpg as no rationale, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. Thank you. Bleh999 06:05, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:StockDayAd.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:StockDayAd.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Bleh999 06:06, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Oldpclogo.GIF
Thanks for uploading Image:Oldpclogo.GIF. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:47, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Conscripcartoon.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Conscripcartoon.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 04:57, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of John Diefenbaker
An editor has nominated John Diefenbaker, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 04:14, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:Meighen56.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Meighen56.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 14:54, 31 January 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. YUL89YYZ (talk) 14:54, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Commonwealthposter.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Commonwealthposter.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 21:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:DRAlogo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:DRAlogo.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

The following images also have this problem:

 * Image:Dailynews.jpg

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --18:48, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Image:Martinship.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Martinship.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Sherool (talk) 23:01, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:PCNSlogo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:PCNSlogo.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 05:20, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

File:Habbies.JPG listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Habbies.JPG, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Skier Dude ( talk ) 08:38, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Habsfannova! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 3 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 07:59, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) John MacDonell (Nova Scotia politician) -
 * 2) John MacDonell (political strategist) -
 * 3) Bill Black (politician) -

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Liberal Landslide, Globe and Mail cover.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Liberal Landslide, Globe and Mail cover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this file on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the file description page and adding or clarifying the reason why the file qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your file is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for files used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

If it is determined that the file does not qualify under the non-free content policy, it might be deleted by an administrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jay32183 (talk) 23:13, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Charlottetownheadline.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Charlottetownheadline.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:34, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

File:Trudeaujustwatch.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Trudeaujustwatch.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. —Bkell (talk) 12:02, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Ottawanewfoundlanddelegation.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Ottawanewfoundlanddelegation.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you.  TLSuda (talk) 19:27, 10 May 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 07:43, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Sunkinnock.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Sunkinnock.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:58, 28 June 2017 (UTC)

File:Mauriceduplessis.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Mauriceduplessis.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 13:42, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Cdhowe.JPG

The file File:Cdhowe.JPG has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "unused, low-res, no obvious use"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

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This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:02, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:John George Diefenbaker during the 23rd Canadian Parliament.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:John George Diefenbaker during the 23rd Canadian Parliament.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F6 of the criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:00, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

File:Milabrianmulroney.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Milabrianmulroney.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. MrLinkinPark333 (talk) 00:54, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Cdhowe.JPG
Thanks for uploading File:Cdhowe.JPG. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:08, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Habsfannova


text:
User talk:Crtrue

Junk.

Fair use rationale for Image:Bob_at_Easel.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Bob_at_Easel.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. MER-C 10:23, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your contribution on the List of NHLs
Hi Crtrue -- Although I have since edited away most of the census region organization that you tried out in the List of National Historic Landmarks by state article, I wanted to say thank you for trying it. The format wasn't working before. Now I hope the new sortable table, based on Ipoellet's idea, does work better. And, importantly, some of the organization by census bureau organization does remain, in the sections for "Commonwealths and Territories", "Associated States", and "Foreign States" that follow the 50 states (and in their corresponding articles-in-progress List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks in associated states. etc. Your contribution by providing those labels was a big help to me, as I edited the new version of the sortable table, and could justify moving out troublesome Puerto Rico, etc. into those sections.  I just mentioned this on the talk page for the list.  Keep up the good work, and by all means please continue to Be bold!  Cheers doncram 21:13, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Port City Java
A template has been added to the article Port City Java, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. Jameson L. Tai 12:19, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Please use the Wikipedia Sandbox when you are trying to create an article. I routinely perform new page patrols and I nominate articles that are not article-like or have major issues for speedy deletion.  In your case, it is not nominated for speedy deletion, only nominated for regular WP:AfD.  Please continue to work on your article and place   and   so that an admin doesn't delete your article while you're still editing.  At the time I nominated your article seemed nothing more than a "yellow pages" listing.  If you want to see that article survive, please expand the article and provide sources to justify why it is a notable article.  Good luck and happy editing!  :-)  Have a great day.  Jameson L. Tai 12:29, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The validity of the request to delete your article is verifiable by Wikipedia standards. As the article undergoes further editing, I have provided you tools to help keep your article.  When I nominated your article for deletion, it was in fact unsourced and have notability issues.  The article still has notability issues right now.  The entire article (excluding external links) composes of two sentences.  The five external links composes of the coffee shop's website and four short articles.  Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information, which means, (to quote that article), "Someone or something that has been in the news for a brief period is not necessarily a suitable subject for an article in their own right."
 * I did not randomly apply a speedy deletion tag because it didn't warrant one. Your complaints are now borderline No personal attacks.  Please... (to quote that article) "Comment on content, not on the contributor."
 * About the Sandbox
 * Guide to writing better articles
 * Jameson L. Tai 15:16, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Port City Java
Port City Java, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Port City Java satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Port City Java and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Port City Java during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Jameson L. Tai 15:02, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Frances the Mute.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Frances the Mute.png. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ricky81682 (talk) 20:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Independent Republic Quarterly
I have nominated Independent Republic Quarterly, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Independent Republic Quarterly. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Rtphokie (talk) 04:22, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bob at Easel.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Bob at Easel.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ricky81682 (talk) 07:38, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

==AfD nomination of Ocean Forest Hotel== An article that you have been involved in editing, Ocean Forest Hotel, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Ocean Forest Hotel. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Ecoleetage (talk) 22:46, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hi there. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. If you can't type the tilde character, you should click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! --SineBot (talk) 07:36, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Non-heterosexuals article rewritten
Hi, I've rewritten Non-heterosexuals and would appreciate you revisiting Articles for deletion/Non-heterosexuals to see if your concerns have been addressed. Thank you! Banj e b oi   13:36, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hi there. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. If you can't type the tilde character, you should click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! --SineBot (talk) 00:27, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

File:Wikipedia IRA Blunder.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Wikipedia IRA Blunder.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Skier Dude ( talk ) 05:11, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Southern Evacuation Lifeline
I had never heard the term, or "SELL", even though I've been following this project since 2005 or 2006 online. I thought I'd have to create the article when I saw the term for the first time. I was relieved to see you already had. Vchimpanzee ·  talk  ·  contributions  · 21:20, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you. --SineBot (talk) 11:21, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

September 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 13:42, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

Re: Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Not a problem at all Carson. It was very clear to me that you weren't trying to damage anything on purpose. Those things happen. Have yourself a great day, and happy editing! :) -- WikHead (talk) 17:16, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

December 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 04:31, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

January 2012 Newsletter for WikiProject United States and supported projects
--Kumi-Taskbot (talk) 18:52, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

File:Amish POV.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Amish POV.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Cloudbound (talk) 19:44, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

South Carolina shooting
Hi - I may have just messed up your edit about the SC shooting - Could you go to 2015 Charleston, South Carolina shooting and re-add your content? There were two articles competing w each other and I wanted to get them consolidated ASAP. THanks and sorry for the inconvenience. KConWiki (talk) 04:40, 18 June 2015 (UTC)

File:The elusive Florida woods cockroach.png ... is gone
Not here thanks. The source image you used was at least the right species. - Peripitus (Talk) 12:25, 27 July 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:Bob at Easel.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Bob at Easel.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 11:25, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crtrue


text:
Bodenrode-Westhausen

Bodenrode-Westhausen is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany.

title: Bodenrode-Westhausen


text:
Tony the Tiger

Tony the Tiger is the advertising cartoon anthropomorphic tiger mascot for Frosted Flakes (also known as Frosties) breakfast cereal, appearing on its packaging and advertising. After the original Kellogg Company spun off its North American cereal business in late 2023, the mascot is owned by WK Kellogg Co in the U.S., Canada, and Caribbean markets and by Kellanova in the rest of the world. Tony has also been the mascot for related cereals such as Tony's Cinnamon Krunchers and Tiger Power. Since Tony's debut in 1952, the character has spanned several generations and has become a breakfast cereal icon.

History
In 1952, Eugene Kolkey, an accomplished graphics artist and art director at Leo Burnett, created a character that was to become the official mascot of Kellogg's new breakfast cereal. Kolkey designed a tiger named Tony (named after an ad man at Leo Burnett—Raymond Anthony Wells ) and selected Martin Provensen for the finished artwork. The cereal had other mascots like Katy the Kangaroo, Elmo the Elephant, and Newt the Gnu. Within the year, the other mascots were dropped (with Elmo and Newt never once gracing the front of the box), and Tony was given a son, Tony Jr. Tony the Tiger eventually became a cereal icon. The final Tony the Tiger design came from a group of former Disney animators known as Quartet Films, which also designed the Jolly Green Giant, Snap, Crackle and Pop, the Hamm's Beer Bear, and the Baltimore Orioles mascot, among others. Stan Walsh, Art Babbitt, Arnold Gillesspie, and Michael Lah were the artists/filmmakers that formed the Quartet Films of Hollywood.

A 1955 print ad in Life had Tony taking a microphone away from You Bet Your Life host Groucho Marx and saying, "You bet your life they're Gr-r-reat!"

A recognizable and distinct voice was needed for the Tony the Tiger character. Initially, he was voiced by Dallas McKennon, but shortly after the initial Sugar Frosted Flakes advertisements aired, McKennon was replaced by Thurl Ravenscroft, who spent the next five decades providing the characteristic deep bass voice associated with the character, notably the familiar "They're gr-r-reat!" catchphrase. Thurl Ravenscroft came up with this phrase. Ravenscroft spoke to an interviewer of injecting his personality into Tony: "I made Tony a person. For me, Tony was real. I made him become a human being and that affected the animation and everything."

In 1958, Tony appeared on Kellogg's cereal boxes with Hanna-Barbera characters such as Huckleberry Hound and Snagglepuss.

Tony began to be humanized in the 1970s; he was given an Italian-American nationality and consumers were briefly introduced to more of Tony's family including Mama Tony, Mrs. Tony, and a daughter, Antoinette. Tony was a popular figure among the young Italian-American population and it showed in 1974, where he was deemed "Tiger of the Year" in an advertising theme taken from the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The advertising theme declared, "This is the Year of the Tiger and Tony is the Tiger of the Year." Later that year, Tony graced the covers of Italian GQ and Panorama. In addition to Tony's success, during this decade, son Tony Jr. was even given his own short-lived cereal in 1975, Frosted Rice. Provensen's original art design for the tiger has changed significantly over the years, as Tony the whimsical, cereal-box-sized tiger with a teardrop-shaped head was replaced by his fully-grown son Jr., who is now a sleek, muscular sports enthusiast—he was a coach for the Monster Wrestlers in My Pocket and a referee for the Monster Sports Stars in My Pocket (see Monster in My Pocket). Tony the Tiger was never limited to American cereal boxes, appearing on Kellogg's European brand cereal boxes.

Tony frequently appears in American commercials as an animated character in a live-action world, frequently with his drawn image rotoscoped over a live character, such as an extreme sports athlete, allowing Tony to not just appear in live-action, but interact as well.

The longtime voice of Tony, Thurl Ravenscroft, died in 2005. In North America, he was replaced from 2005 onwards by announcer Lee Marshall, who maintained the role until his death from cancer in 2014. In the United Kingdom, Tony is voiced by Californian-born British actor, Tom Clarke Hill. For some time in the UK, the rock song "Eye of the Tiger" by Survivor was used in conjunction with Tony's viewings. In Canada, Tony is voiced by animation, commercial, and promo voice artist Tony Daniels.

"Put a Tiger on Your Team" was featured in ads all across the nation in 1958 as Kellogg's cereal campaign reached out all children sports organizations and teams to build more consumers. In the same year of 1958, Tony the Tiger was joined by other popular mascots to promote the newest cereal release "pre-sweetened cereals. " Mass media and marketing during this time was on the rise, especially in the food product industry. In the wake of Kellogg's Frosted Flakes the cereal company's goal was to produce a flavor that was "delicious and distinctive flavor." In 1974, after the Kellogg Company launched a Chinese Year of the Tiger, for marketing and advertising techniques Tony was selected as Tiger of the Year. Following a few months later was the release of an innovative Tony the Tiger commercial. This commercial was significant in the humanizing factor of Tony with the birth of his first daughter, Antoinette. This advertising technique targeted the millions of infants as Antoinette the baby tigress was shown tasting Kellogg's Sugar Frosted Flakes for the first time, followed by the Tony the Tiger slogan. The shape of the featured tiger was beginning to shape the cereal marketing and advertising sector by promoting new product lines. The company used Tony Jr. as its mascot to introduce nearly six new products that are high in nutrition in the mid-1970s. Throughout all of the 1970s, Tony the Tiger had a complete family of three. The evolution of this brand icon continued to rise as Tony the Tiger was featured in a Hot Air Balloon Championship in 1981.

Tony the Tiger used to have a Twitter account but he rebranded to the Frosted Flakes account because furries wouldn't stop begging him for sex. In 2019, it was announced that Kellogg's would become the title sponsor of the Sun Bowl, an El Paso, Texas-based college football bowl game, with the game being branded as the Tony the Tiger Sun Bowl. The sponsorship transferred to WK Kellogg after the 2023 corporate split.

In August 2022, Tony the Tiger made his debut as a VTuber on Twitch.

Character design
Tony's design has changed over the course of the character's history. The original Tony the Tiger was more typically tiger-like in shape and was sometimes depicted walking on all fours; he wore a kerchief around his neck and had a football-shaped head. Ultimately, this was tweaked into a more muscular, human-like form.

Trademark controversy
Tony the Tiger began his trademark debut with Kellogg in 1952. The Tiger was used as a cartoon character featured on every box of Kellogg's Frosted Flakes. The feline was federally registered as Kellogg's Frosted Flakes trademark. Furthermore, the registration and classification was under food products. Twelve years later one of the top oil companies, Esso (now ExxonMobil), began using a similar tiger as a promotional mascot for gasoline products. Exxon then followed through with protocol and federally registered its tiger under the petroleum products category. Unlike the Kellogg slogan behind the voice of Thurl Ravenscroft, "They’re gr-r-reat!", Esso also had a slogan, "Put a tiger in your tank".

The two major companies shared peaceful relations between the two iconic tigers. From 1952 to 1995, the companies combined spent over a billion and a half dollars in advertising in the cereal and petroleum industries. Neither company faced any issues with each other—however, in 1992 this all changed. ExxonMobil opened a new business sector and product line through the promotion of the existing Exxon Tiger. The company failed to expand its federal trademark registration to its newest product line sector. Prior to Exxon's newest business addition of opening convenience stores ("Tiger Marts") and selling foods and beverages, the company was cleared of all trademark litigations. After the announcement of ExxonMobil's new product line, Kellogg quickly filed a suit. The latest unnamed tiger Exxon was using to sell food and beverages crossed the trademark boundaries. The confusion of using very similar tigers as a mascot for food products did not sit well with Kellogg. The lawsuit consisted of trademark infringement and dilution, and sought an injunction prohibiting the further use of the Exxon tiger. After several court appearances, millions of dollars, different rulings, and years of waiting, the two parties settled the case.

Tracing back to 1986, Kellogg battled with a different situation with regard to trademark. During the preparation of the 1988 Summer Olympics South Korean organizers agreed on the games' mascot Hodori which was very similar to Kellogg's Tony the Tiger. The very popular cereal company had concerns about the similarity and raised some red flags with trademark registration that same year. Kellogg continued to stress that Tony the Tiger was an advertising tool used on almost every cereal box, so a comparable tiger only differentiated by the addition of distinct five-ringed Olympic badge around his neck would cause confusion. Sports news and critics stirred up much controversy and it is remembered as the "Hold That Tiger" battle for the tiger trademark.

Health concerns and legal status across countries
Tony the Tiger, as well as other mascots featured in products targeted to children (such as Chester Cheetah and fellow Kellogg's mascots such as Toucan Sam), has been the subject of controversy in several countries. A study published in the journal Obesity Reviews, suggested familiar media character branding appeared to be "a powerful influence on children's preferences, choices and intake of less healthy foods." Tony and similar mascots, have been banned from being featured in packaging and advertising in countries like Chile, Peru, Argentina and Mexico. A study by a coalition that included Action on Sugar and Children's Food Campaign in the UK, found that 51% of 526 assessed "child-friendly" food and drink products with popular cartoon characters on their packaging were high in sugar, saturated fat, salt and fat, with only 18 healthy products such as fruit, vegetables and water were found to use child-friendly cartoons. Tom Watson of the Labour Party said using playful characters to appeal to children is “grossly irresponsible”, and the Health and Social Care Select Committee issued calls for a blanket ban on ‘brand-generated characters or licensed TV and film characters which are used to promote foods high in fat, sugar or salt."  Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks dropped 25 percent in the 18 months after Chile adopted these regulations, which also included octagon front-of-package warning labels and a ban on junk food in schools.

title: Tony the Tiger


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Clytius

Clytius (Ancient Greek: Κλυτίος), also spelled Klythios, Klytios, Clytios, and Klytius, is the name of multiple people in Greek mythology:

 * Clytius, one of the Giants, sons of Gaia, killed by Hecate during the Gigantomachy, the battle of the Giants versus the Olympian gods.
 * Clytius, an alternative name for Clytoneus, the son of Naubolus of Argos and father of Nauplius II.
 * Clytius, son of Agriopas and grandson of Cyclops. He fought in the war between Eumolpus and Eleusis and fell alongside Eumolpus' son Immaradus and Egremus, son of Eurynomus.
 * Clytius, the Athenian father of Pheno who married King Lamedon of Sicyon. Ianiscus, descendant of this Clytius, became king in Sicyon after Adrastus.
 * Clytius, a man killed by Perseus in the battle against Phineus.
 * Clytius, a warrior in the army of Dionysus during the god's Indian campaign. He was killed by Corymbasus.
 * Clytius, an Argonaut and an Oechalian prince as son of King Eurytus and Antiope or Antioche, and thus brother to Iole, Toxeus, Deioneus, Molion, Didaeon and Iphitos. According to Hyginus, he was killed by Aeetes, if the text is not corrupt; according to Diodorus Siculus, however, he was killed by Heracles during the latter's war against Eurytus.
 * Clytius, in a rare version of the myth, a son of Phineus and brother of Polymedes: the two brothers killed Phineus' second, Phrygian, wife (Idaea?) at the instigation of Cleopatra.
 * Clytius, a Trojan prince as the son of King Laomedon and brother of the later ruler Priam. He was also one of the Elders of Troy during the siege of the city. By Laothoe, he was the father of Caletor, Procleia and Pronoe or Pronome, of whom the latter was the mother of Polydamas by Panthous.
 * Clytius, son of Alcmaeon and Arsinoe or Alphesiboea. He moved from Psophis to Elis in order to escape his mother's vengeful brothers. The Clytidae, a clan of soothsayers, claimed descent from him. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, his mother was Triphyle, the eponym of Triphylia.
 * Clytius, each of the three namesakes among the Suitors of Penelope: one from Dulichium, another from Same, and the third from Zacynthus. These men asked the hand in marriage of Penelope but suffered the same fate at the hands of the hero Odysseus. The latter shot all of them dead with the aid of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.
 * Clytius, an attendant of Telemachus in Homer's Odyssey, the father of Telemachus' friend Peiraeus. Dolops, a Greek warrior killed by Hector in the Iliad, could also have been his son.
 * Clytius, one of the sons of Aeolus who followed Aeneas to Italy and was killed by Turnus.
 * Clytius, father of Euneus (one of those killed in the battle between Aeneas and Turnus).
 * Clytius, a young soldier in the army of Turnus who was loved by Cydon in Virgil's Aeneid, and was killed by Aeneas.
 * Clytius, father of Acmon and Menestheus from Lyrnessus, Phrygia.

To these can be added several figures not mentioned in extant literary sources and only known from various vase paintings:

 * Clytius, a companion of Peleus present at the wrestling match between Peleus and Atalanta.
 * Clytius, an arms-bearer of Tydeus present at the scene of murder of Ismene, on a vase from Corinth.
 * Clytius, a barbarian-looking participant of a boar hunt, possibly the Calydonian hunt, on the Petersburg vase #1790.
 * Clytius, a man standing in front of the enthroned Hygieia, on a vase by the Meidias Painter.
 * Clytius, an epithet of Apollo, in an inscription.

title: Clytius


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Geisleden

Geisleden is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of Heiligenstadt in the valley formed by the river Geislede. Other neighboring towns are Westhausen in the north, Kreuzebra to the east, and Heuthen toward the southeast.

Historical records show that Geisleden existed at least as early as the 11th century. For example, in 1028 A.D., a provincial synod was held in this old town. Geisleden belonged to the Electorate of Mainz until 1802 when it was incorporated into the province of Saxony in the Kingdom of Prussia. Geisleden was included in the Soviet occupation zone after World War II, before joining the district of Erfurt in East Germany until 1990, when the eastern and western parts of Germany merged into a single country once again.

title: Geisleden


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Francis Alexander Anglin

 Francis Alexander Anglin (April 2, 1865 – March 2, 1933) was the seventh Chief Justice of Canada from 1924 until 1933.

Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, one of nine children of Timothy Anglin, federal politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, and elder brother to the renowned stage actress, Margaret Anglin. He was educated at St. Mary's College, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Ottawa in 1887. Anglin studied law at the Law Society of Upper Canada (which in those days taught law) and was called to the bar in 1888, establishing a practice in Toronto. In 1896 he became Clerk of the Surrogate Court of Ontario, and King's Counsel in 1902.

He was appointed to the Exchequer Division of the High Court of Justice of Ontario in 1904 and, thanks to a nomination from the Laurier government, to the Supreme Court of Canada on February 23, 1909, becoming Chief Justice in 1924 thanks to a nomination by the first Mackenzie King government, and serving until his retirement, two days before his death, in 1933.

He was author of Trustees' Limitations and Other Relief (Toronto 1910) and penned the "Ontario" entry for the Catholic Encyclopedia.

title: Francis Alexander Anglin


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Glasehausen

Glasehausen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. On 1 January 2024 it became part of the town Heilbad Heiligenstadt.

title: Glasehausen


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Heuthen

Heuthen is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is the seat of a fourth-order administrative division. In 2017 it had a population of 764.

title: Heuthen


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Änglagård

Änglagård is a Swedish progressive rock band, with influences including King Crimson, Genesis, Gentle Giant, Trettioåriga Kriget, Schicke Führs Fröhling, and Van der Graaf Generator. The band was established in 1991 by Tord Lindman (guitars and vocals) and Johan Högberg (bass guitar), and broke up in 1994. They briefly reformed in 2002–2003, and have been active again since 2009. They combine vintage analog sounds with a modern classical approach to composing and arranging. To date, they have released three studio albums and three live recordings to great acclaim from the progressive rock community.

History
Hybris, the debut release, and the follow-on instrumental Epilog of 1994, were both voted "album of the year" in polls of progressive rock fans. In 2003 the band briefly reformed (without founding member Lindman), performing new material at several performances, including NEARfest 2003; during this time they débuted the songs that ultimately became "Sorgmantel" and "Längtans klocka" on their third album, though at this point they were untitled. In 2009 Mattias Olsson confirmed that the band had been recording new material on his MySpace blog, though no release date for the new material was announced. In July 2012, Änglagård's third studio album, Viljans Öga, was released.

On October 4, 2012 it was announced on the band's official website that Tord Lindman was back in the band. Also, there were further changes in the line-up with new recruits Erik Hammarström (drums, percussion) and Linus Kåse (keyboards, saxophone). Hammarström is a former member of The Flower Kings. Hammarström and Kåse are also members of Swedish progressive rock band Brighteye Brison. The debut performance with this line-up took place in the venue Bryggarsalen in Stockholm on February 23, 2013. The band continued to tour during the following months. They were the opening act for three nights in a row (March 15—17) with The Crimson ProjeKct at Club Citta' in Kawasaki, Japan. Prog på Svenska: Live in Japan was recorded at these shows and released in 2014. In April, they performed at the Baja Prog festival in Mexico and the Prog-Résiste Convention in Belgium. On July 14, 2013 Änglagård played at Night of the Prog in Loreley, Germany with former Flower Kings member Jaime Salazar temporarily substituting on drums. Additional live dates in 2013 were Ino-Rock, Poland (August 31) and Melloboat, Sweden/Latvia (September 6).

In 2014, the band only played four shows: in Netherlands (April 11), Mexico (May 23), U.K. (August 3) and Italy (September 6). In October 2014, the band announced the return of guitarist Jonad Engdegård. In 2015 the band had their busiest year of the millennium, with three shows in February (Italy and Norway), followed by an eight-date April tour across Europe, and finishing with two November dates in Japan and four in the USA. The February 21, 2015 show in Sandvika, Norway was filmed and recorded and released in 2017 as Änglagård Live: Made in Norway. In 2017, the band played seven shows, starting with two February shows on the Cruise to the Edge festival (sailing from Tampa, FL), then five spring shows in Sweden, Spain, Canada and the USA (at Rites of Spring festival).

In September 2022, original drummer Matthais Olsson posted on Facebook that he had met with Jonas Engdegård and Johan Brand, and that they had been rehearsing Hybris during its 30th anniversary year ). In December 2022, the band announced they would be playing dates in 2023, focusing on the entire debut album, with a new lineup consisting of Olsson, Brand, and Engdegård, plus two "newcomers" Oskar Forsberg and Staffan Lindroth.  As of mid-January 2023, two dates have been confirmed: June 10 at Minnuendo in Spain and November 3 at the Haugaland Prog & Rock Festival in Norway.

Members

 * Current line-up
 * Johan Brand (born Högberg) – bass, bass pedals, synthesizer (1991–1994, 2002–2003, 2009–present)
 * Jonas Engdegård – guitars (1991–1994, 2002–2003, 2009–2012, 2014–present)
 * Mattias Olsson – drums, percussion (1991–1994, 2002–2003, 2009–2012, 2022-present)
 * Oskar Forsberg – flutes, saxophones, keyboards (2022-present)
 * Staffan Lindroth – keyboards (2022-present)

 * Former members
 * Thomas Johnson – keyboards (1991–1994, 2002–2003, 2009–2012)
 * Tord Lindman – guitars, vocals, percussion (1991–1994, 2012–2022)
 * Anna Holmgren – flute, Mellotron, tenor saxophone, recorder, melodica (1992–1994, 2002–2003, 2009–2022)
 * Erik Hammarström – drums, percussion, glockenspiel (2012–2022)
 * Linus Kåse – keyboards, soprano saxophone, vocals (2012–2022)

title: Änglagård


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Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital

Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, ) is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.

History
The Salpêtrière was originally a gunpowder factory (saltpetre being a constituent of gunpowder), but in 1656 at the direction of Louis XIV, it was converted into a hospice for the poor women of Paris as part of the General Hospital of Paris. This main hospice was for women who were learning disabled, mentally ill, or epileptic, as well as poor. In 1657 it was incorporated with the hospice of the Pitié designed specifically for beggars' children and orphans. Sheets for hospice and military clothing were produced there by the children. Between 1663 and 1673, 240 of the women at the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospice were sent on a mission to populate the Americas and help build New France. They were in the total number of 768 young women recruited during the ten-year period to become known as the "King's Daughters". The Salpêtrière was much admired for the architectural designs of Libéral Bruant with the support of Louis Le Vau. Its conversion was completed in 1669. In 1684 a women's prison was added to the site with a total capacity of 300 convicted prostitutes. It provided wretched living conditions for its inmates. On the eve of the Revolution, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospice had become the world's largest hospice, with a capacity of 10,000 "patients" and over 300 prisoners. Until the French Revolution, the Salpêtrière had no medical function: the sick were sent to the Hôtel-Dieu hospital.

During the September massacres of 1792, the Salpêtrière was stormed on the night of 3/4 September by a mob from the impoverished working-class district of the Faubourg Saint-Marcel, with the avowed intention of releasing the detained prisoners: 134 of the prostitutes were released; twenty-five madwomen were less fortunate and were dragged, some still in their chains, into the streets and murdered.

At the very end of the 18th century, the early humanitarian reforms in the treatment of the mentally ill were initiated here by Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), friend of the Encyclopédistes. The iconic image of Pinel as the liberator of the insane was created in 1876 by Tony Robert-Fleury and Pinel's sculptural monument stands before the main entrance in Place Marie-Curie, Boulevard de L'Hôpital. Pinel was the chief physician of the Salpêtrière by 1794, in charge of a 200-bed infirmary which housed a tiny proportion of the huge indigent female population. He was succeeded by his assistant Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840) who, from 1817, delivered the first systematic lectures on psychiatry in France and was the chief architect of the lunacy legislation of 30 June 1838. Esquirol was followed by Étienne Pariset; and from 1831 till 1867 the chef d'hospice was Jean-Pierre Falret (1794–1870) who contributed much to our understanding of bipolar disorder and folie à deux.

A regular visitor to the Salpêtrière from 1842 till his death more than thirty years later was Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne de Boulogne (1806–1875). From humble provincial origins, a long line of seafarers from Boulogne, Duchenne became one of the outstanding medical scientists of the nineteenth century. Though he never held a senior appointment in the hospital, Duchenne nevertheless made meticulous observations on neurological patients, employing a wide range of innovative diagnostic techniques. Duchenne's clinical science stood at the technical junction of electricity, photography and psychology, as recorded in his much admired De l'électrisation localisée with its associated atlas Album de photographies pathologiques (1855, 1862). His name is commemorated in the myopathies which he described, as well as in his 1862 masterpiece, the Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, much consulted by Charles Darwin in the preparation of his Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). Duchenne's last major work (published in 1867) was a study of animal locomotion. He was never elected to the Academy of Sciences.

Later, when Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) took over the department, the Salpêtrière became celebrated as a neuropsychiatric teaching centre, represented on canvas in 1887 by A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière by André Brouillet. In his lectures and demonstrations, the leçons du mardi, Charcot systematised the neurological examination, did much to map out the territory of modern clinical neurology and, in a personal enthusiasm, explored its interface with psychological distress as represented in hysteria. Although Charcot insisted that hysteria could be a male disorder ("traumatic hysteria"), he is popularly remembered for his demonstrations with Louise Augustine Gleizes and Marie Wittman. Charcot had also absorbed much from Duchenne (to whom he often referred as "mon maître, Duchenne") and his teaching activities on the Salpêtrière's wards helped to elucidate the natural history of many diseases including neurosyphilis, epilepsy, and stroke. In his discussion of paralysis agitans, Charcot drew attention to the 1817 description by James Parkinson, and suggested it be renamed Parkinson's disease. In 1882, with Charcot's encouragement, Albert Londe created a photographic department in the Salpêtriėre, producing, in collaboration with Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière of 1888.

Students came from across the world to witness Charcot's clinical demonstrations: among them – in 1885 – was the 29-year old Sigmund Freud who translated Charcot's lectures into German and whose deconstruction of the lectures on hysteria formed the foundations of psychoanalysis. The first English translations of Charcot's Clinical Lectures (1877, 1881) were published by the Irish physician and politician George Sigerson. Public health physician and advocate of breastfeeding Truby King travelled from New Zealand to witness Charcot, and reported his clinical demonstrations to be a life-changing experience. A rather negative portrait of Charcot's clinical style emerges in the 1929 autobiographical memoir – The Story of San Michele – by the Swedish physician Axel Munthe, whose early idolatry of Charcot gave way to a kind of obsessive antagonism.

The Hôpital de la Pitié, founded about 1612, was moved next to the Salpêtrière in 1911 and fused with it in 1964 to form the Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière. The Pitié-Salpêtrière is now a general teaching hospital with departments focusing on most major medical specialities.

Numerous personalities have been treated at the Salpêtrière, including Michael Schumacher, Ronaldo, Prince Rainier of Monaco, Alain Delon, Gérard Depardieu, and Valérie Trierweiler. Former president Jacques Chirac had a pacemaker fitted at the Salpêtrière in 2008. Celebrities have also died at the Pitié-Salpêtrière, including the singer Josephine Baker in 1975, following a cerebral haemorrhage; philosopher Michel Foucault in 1984 due to AIDS-related complications; Diana, Princess of Wales following a car crash in 1997; and French bicycle racer Laurent Fignon in 2010, from the metastatic spread of lung cancer (which coincidentally happened exactly thirteen years after Diana’s death in the same hospital).

The Brain and Spine Institute, now called Institut du Cerveau (ICM) or the Paris Brain Institute, has been located in the hospital since it was established in September 2010.

Hospital Chapel

Chapelle de la Salpêtrière (Hospital Chapel), at n° 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital is one of the masterpieces of Libéral Bruant, architect of Les Invalides. It was built around 1675, on the model of a Greek cross and has four central chapels each capable of holding a congregation of some 1,000 people. Its central octagonal cupola is illuminated by picture windows in circular arcs.

Philippe Pinel monument

In the place in front of the main entrance to the hospital, there is a large bronze monument to Philippe Pinel, who was chief physician of the Hospice from 1795 to his death in 1826. The Salpêtrière was, at the time, like a large village, with seven thousand elderly indigent and ailing women, an entrenched bureaucracy, a teeming market and huge infirmaries. Pinel created an inoculation clinic in his service at the Salpêtrière in 1799 and the first vaccination in Paris was given there in April 1800.

Notable doctors
Through its history, the Pitié-Salpétrière hosted notable doctors, among others:

 * Philippe Pinel (1745–1826);
 * Jean-Étienne Esquirol (1772–1840);
 * Étienne-Jean Georget (1795–1828);
 * William A. F. Browne (1805–1885);
 * Bénédict Morel (1809–1873);
 * Duchenne de Boulogne (1806–1875), teacher of Charcot;
 * Ernest-Charles Lasègue (1816–1883);
 * Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893), founder of modern neurology;
 * Alfred Vulpian (1826–1893) Physician and neurologist;
 * Jules Bernard Luys (1828–1897), neurologist;
 * Paul Richer (1849–1933), anatomist, collaborator of Charcot;
 * Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), Charcot's student in Paris and father of psychoanalysis;
 * Joseph Babinski (1857–1932), another Charcot's student;
 * Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904), neurologist;
 * Axel Munthe (1857–1940), Swedish psychiatrist, author;
 * Pierre Janet (1859–1947), psychologist;
 * Abel Ayerza (1861–1918), Argentinian cardiologist;
 * Gérard Encausse (1865–1916), physician;
 * Maria Montessori (1870–1952), pioneer in education;
 * Jacques Lacan (1901–1981), psychoanalyst;
 * Christian Cabrol (1925–2017), cardiac surgeon, performed Europe's first heart transplantation on 27 April 1968.
 * Iradj Gandjbakhch (b. 1941), cardiac surgeon, performed Europe's first heart transplantation on 27 April 1968 along with Dr. Cabrol; fitted a pacemaker on former president Jacques Chirac in 2008.
 * Jacques-René Tenon

title: Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital