text:
Message to Adolf

Message to Adolf (アドルフに告ぐ), known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. Adolf also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama.

Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career.

Plot
In 1936, Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood.

Wolfgang Kaufmann, a Nazi Party expatriate living in Japan, is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a staunch supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich. However, Adolf Kaufmann is reluctant to follow his father's wishes, as his best friend Adolf Kamil is the son of German Jews. Wolfgang dies after complications regarding a search for the aforementioned document: with his dying breath, he forces Adolf Kaufmann (hereafter referred to as Kauffman) to go to Germany in order to join the Hitler Youth. While at the Hitler Youth academy, Kaufmann witnesses Kamil's father brought to execution after he comes to Europe to try to bring Jews to Japan through Shanghai. Kaufmann is forced to execute Kamil's father with a pistol as a loyalty test. As Kaufmann becomes more and more indoctrinated, in contrast his mother Yukie becomes more distant from her late husband's German ties. A test to Kaufmann's loyalty to the Reich comes when he falls in love with a German Jewish-Chinese girl, Eliza. He successfully smuggles her to his friend Kamil in Japan, but is unable to get her family to go. A year later, Japan invades China and begins the Second Sino-Japanese War, ushering in a period of fevered militarism and nationalism in Japan. During this time, Kamil becomes the confidant of one of his teachers, Ms. Ogi, who is involved in the Japanese anti-war movement.

As events progress, the lives of the three Adolfs intertwine and become more and more tangled as Sohei Toge searches for his brother's murderer. After being tortured by the Gestapo, Toge eventually tracks down his brother's girlfriend, who is revealed to be a spy working for her father, inspector Lampe. He confronts her in anger, and she confesses to reporting Isao to the SS. After a scuffle, he rapes her and leaves for Japan. Shortly afterwards, she commits suicide. In Japan, Toge quickly becomes a target for both the Kenpeitai and the German secret police, who routinely chase him down and beat him in an attempt to find the documents. Despite this, he links up with Ogi, and manages to recover the documents his brother sent to Kobe before he died. The documents change locations many times as Toge is unable to find a job due to his status as a suspect. During one of these pursuits, he makes friends with a Japanese police chief, who accompanies him on a chase to an island where Ogi is keeping the documents. However, a Gestapo team under Lampe, who is seeking revenge for his daughter, tracks him down there. Toge manages to evade Lampe after a heated firefight on the island. Though the chief is killed, a memo he wrote earlier absolves Toge of wrongdoing, and the Japanese police stop chasing him. To avoid further trouble, the documents are passed to Ogi and then to Kamil, who is now living with Eliza. In 1941 with the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Toge decides that the documents would be best in the hands of Honda, an Imperial Army general's son working for the Soviet spy ring under Richard Sorge. Before Honda can send the documents to the Soviets, Sorge is captured and the spy ring collapses. Before Honda is executed by his father after confessing to treason, he manages to bury the documents.

In the years leading up to 1945, Kaufmann ascends the hierarchy of the Nazi Party and completes his indoctrination as a Nazi. He eventually becomes a loyal subordinate of Hitler and a coordinator of death marches as an SS official. In the fallout of the 20 July Plot and Germany on the brink of military defeat under an increasingly unstable Fuhrer, he is sent to Japan by a surviving Lampe to complete his father Wolfgang's mission. Upon arrival, he is surprised to find his target, Toge, married to his mother. He also meets with Kamil, who he is angered to find has become engaged to Eliza. He later traps Eliza and rapes her, and eventually beats Kamil who comes for revenge. During his alienation of his family and friends in Japan, he is disowned by Yukie, who shortly thereafter suffers brain damage during the Allied air raid of Kobe. Kaufmann's continued investigation eventually leads to the buried documents, which he discovers only after Hitler's death renders his entire mission pointless.

Kaufmann and Kamil later meet during the Israeli-Lebanese conflict in the 1960s, which sees countless atrocities on both sides. Kaufmann, who has joined the Lebanese PLO after being constantly chased down by Israeli Nazi hunters, arrives home one day to see his Muslim wife and daughter murdered by Kamil's division. He begins a vendetta against Kamil, and challenges him to a duel. Kamil arrives and reveals his knowledge of his father's execution, and after a firefight, gains his revenge by gunning down Kaufmann.

In the 1980s, Toge arrives in Israel to visit Kamil's surviving family after he is killed in a terrorist bombing attack. He resolves to write a book called "Message to Adolf", recounting the stories of the three Adolfs, and what the concept of "justice" can lead to.

Characters

 * Sohei Toge (峠 草平): A Japanese reporter sent to Germany to cover the 1936 Olympics only to find his younger brother murdered. He then proceeds to investigate who killed his brother and why, leading him into a dangerous web of espionage during World War II. He was born and raised in Niihari, Ibaraki (now Tsuchiura).
 * Isao Toge (峠 勲): A Japanese international student studying in Germany and a member of the Communist movement in Germany. When his organisation discovers a shocking secret, he is brutally murdered.
 * Acetylene Lampe: A member of the Nazi Party and the Far East Chief of German Intelligence who pursues Toge around the world both to get the documents and kill him for revenge.
 * Rosa Lampe: Acetylene's daughter and a Gestapo informant. Reports Isao, resulting in his death, and later Sohei which results in his torture. She commits suicide after Sohei rapes her and leaves Germany.
 * Nigawa (仁川): A Japanese police chief who takes Toge's side, and lets him stay at his place. He is killed in a shootout with the Gestapo.
 * Mieko Nigawa (仁川 三重子): The chief's daughter, who falls in love with Yoshio. She later moves to run a bar with Okei, after Honda's death.
 * Okei (お桂): A widow who wears Yakuza tattoos. She falls in love with Toge and shelters him during a pursuit by the secret police.
 * Sachi Honda (本多 サチ): A geisha who was secretly working for the Communists. She is murdered by Kaufmann when they were involved in a tryst during the Gestapo's search for the documents.
 * Honda (本多): Sachi's brother, an Imperial Army officer. He loves Yukie and pulls favors for her, including guaranteeing Toge which prevents him from being tortured to death in the beginning of the story. He kills himself after his high position in the Army makes war crimes accusations likely.
 * Yoshio Honda (本多 芳男): Honda's son. After living in Manchukuo and seeing Japanese oppression firsthand, he becomes part of Sorge's spy network. Yoshio admires his disgraced aunt's motives, and later becomes friends with Toge and Kamil. He falls in love with Mieko, but is killed by his father after revealing that he is a spy. His father conceals his death as a suicide.
 * Adolf Kaufmann (アドルフ・カウフマン): A half-Japanese, half-German boy living in Kobe. Though he opposes the Nazis at first, he develops a hatred for the Jews during his stay in Germany and persecutes them fervently, only renouncing these views at the end of his life. He later joins the Sicherheitsdienst, then Gestapo, then the PLO. He is killed by Kamil, in revenge for the murder of his father.
 * Wolfgang Kaufmann (ヴォルフガング・カウフマン): Adolf Kaufmann's father and a strong follower of Adolf Hitler. He works for the German Consulate General in Kobe.
 * Yukie Kaufmann (由季江・カウフマン): Wolfgang's wife and mother to Adolf. She is unaware of what her husband is doing for the Nazi Party. She later renounces her German citizenship and marries Toge. Yukie dies of injuries sustained during the Kobe bombings, but births their daughter before passing.
 * Adolf Kamil (アドルフ・カミル): A Jewish-German boy who considers himself Japanese, and who accidentally learns the secret behind Adolf Hitler's ancestry. He joins Toge's group during the struggle for control of the document, and emigrates to Israel with his wife after the war, joining the Israeli army.
 * Noriko Koshiro (小城 典子): Also known as Ms. Ogi, she is Kamil's elementary school teacher who is later marked as Communist for writing anti-war poems. She helps Kamil hide the documents.
 * Eliza Gerd Hymer (エリザ・ゲルトハイマー): A Jewish-Chinese girl living in Germany, she escapes Germany with the help of Kaufmann, but eventually marries Kamil.
 * Isaac Kamil: Adolf Kamil's father and a Jewish man who seeks to actively help other Jews around the world. He is murdered by Adolf Kaufmann while in Germany.
 * Adolf Hitler: The German dictator himself. Many liberties are taken for the sake of plot, especially concerning his death.
 * Richard Sorge: The German communist spy in charge of Soviet espionage in Japan. He plays a prominent role towards the end of the story.

Awards
Adolf won the Kodansha Manga Award in 1986 for general manga.

Publications
Adolf was published in English by Cadence Books and VIZ Media. The English manga is flipped to read left to right to conform to Western practice. The newer two volume release of Adolf from Vertical, Inc. is also flipped and is published under the title Message to Adolf. The manga has also been published in Brazil by Conrad Editora, in France by Tonkam, in Germany by Carlsen Verlag, in Italy by Hazard, in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini, in the Netherlands by Xtra and in Poland by Waneko.

Volumes
Volumes of English translations, in order:
 * Adolf: A Tale of the Twentieth Century
 * Adolf: An Exile in Japan
 * Adolf: The Half-Aryan
 * Adolf: Days of Infamy
 * Adolf: 1945 and All That Remains

title: Message to Adolf


text:
No. 28 Squadron RAF

Number 28 Squadron, also known as No. 28 (Army Co-operation) Squadron or No. 28 (AC) Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. Based at RAF Benson, it serves as the RAF's Operational Conversion Unit for the Westland Puma HC2 and Boeing Chinook HC5/6/6A helicopters.

First World War
No. 28 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed on 7 November 1915 at RAF Gosport. Initially it was a training squadron equipped with a variety of different aircraft, although in June 1916, it was also recorded as having home defence duties, for which it had a few Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12s, although it lost this role in July that year. On 9 June, part of the squadron was split off to form the nucleus of the new 56 Squadron. In July 1917, 28 Squadron moved to Yatesbury in Wiltshire for conversion to the fighter role, receiving the Sopwith Camel from September 1917.

The squadron moved to France on 8 October 1917, and flew its first operational sortie on 20 October, during the Battle of Passchendaele, when 19 of the squadron's aircraft provided cover during an attack by Camels of 70 Squadron on a German airfield at Rumbeke, Belgium, with 28 Squadron claiming three German aircraft shot down. On 26 October, as a result of the Austro-German offensive against Italy at the Battle of Caporetto, the British government agreed to send troops and aircraft to reinforce the Italians, and 28 Squadron was one of the squadrons ordered to Italy, arriving at Milan by rail on 12 November, with its aircraft uncrated and reassembled by 14 November. The squadron's aircraft flew escort missions for army cooperation patrols over the front lines, as well as for longer-range strategic reconnaissance missions and for bombing raids.

From February 1918, the squadron added attacks against enemy airfields to its duties, and in March, a flight of Bristol F.2 Fighters was attached to the squadron for long-range reconnaissance, although they were soon passed in to 34 Squadron. On 1 April 1918, the squadron became part of the newly established Royal Air Force. On 15 June 1918, Austria-Hungary launched a major offensive on the Italian front. As the weather on the sector of the front (on the Asiago plateau) held by British troops was too poor for air power to be useful, the RAF squadrons' efforts were diverted to help the Italians on the Piave front, where Austro-Hungarian forces had crossed the River Piave. All available British aircraft were employed against the Austro-Hungarian forces, and in particular against the crossings over the Piave, and when the offensive had been stopped, against the retreating Austro-Hungarian troops. On 27 October 1918, the Italians launched their final, successful, offensive of the war, at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto. RAF squadrons, including 28 Squadron, were employed in attacking the retreating Austro-Hungarian troops until the Armistice of Villa Giusti ended the fighting on 4 November.

By the end of the First World War, the squadron had claimed 111 enemy aircraft destroyed, with a further 24 driven down out of control. It numbered eleven flying aces among its ranks, with future Air Vice-Marshal Clifford MacKay McEwen, with 27 claims, being the squadron's leading scorer. Other aces included William George Barker (who claimed 22 of his total of 50 while with the squadron), Harold B. Hudson, James Hart Mitchell, Stanley Stanger, Arthur Cooper, Percy Wilson, Thomas Frederic Williams, and Joseph E. Hallonquist.

Inter war years
The squadron returned to Britain in February 1919, first to its old home at Yatesbury, then to Leighterton in Gloucestershire and to Eastleigh in Hampshire in October 1919. It was disbanded on 20 January 1920 at Eastleigh. On 1 April 1920, however, it was reformed at RAF Ambala in Northern India by renumbering 114 Squadron, an army cooperation squadron equipped with the Bristol F2b Fighter. The squadron operated over the North-West Frontier, moving to Kohat in December 1921. While the squadron had an authorised establishment of 12 aircraft, the actual number of aircraft possessed by the squadron was usually considerably less, with the squadron recorded as having 7 aircraft on 30 June 1922. Serviceability of the RAF's India-based aircraft was also poor, with many of the aircraft old and worn out. In an August 1922 report on the state of the RAF in India Air Vice Marshall John Salmond noted that of an authorised establishment of 70 aircraft in India, only 7 were operational, with aircraft flying without equipment essential to safety, and concluded that "...the Royal Air Force in India is to all intents and purposes non-existent as a fighting force at this date."

In April 1923, the squadron moved to Peshawar, with a detachment at Tank, and in January 1925, moved to RAF Quetta. As well as its normal duties, the squadron operated an experimental air mail service from Quetta to Shimla in 1925. In January 1927, the squadron returned to Ambala, where it remained based for the next 10 years. In September 1931, the squadron replaced its Bristol Fighters with Westland Wapitis. The squadron flew relief flights into Quetta after the city had been devastated by an earthquake on 31 May 1935. The squadron re-equipped again with the Hawker Audax during June 1936. In April 1937, the squadron was forward deployed to Manzai in response to an uprising by supporters of Mitza Ali Khan in Waziristan. The squadron returned to Ambala in July 1937, although it continued to maintain detachments at Miranshah. It moved to Kohat in March 1939.

Second World War

The squadron remained at Kohat, on the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe. It re-equipped with the Westland Lysander monoplane in September 1941. In early January 1942, as a response to the Japanese invasion of Burma, two of the squadron's Lysanders were sent to Port Blair in the Andaman Islands, with the remainder of the squadron preparing to move to Burma. Nineteen Lysanders reached Lashio in the Shan States on 26 January, with the squadron, together with the similarly equipped 1 Squadron, Indian Air Force, moved forward to Taungoo, and being fitted with racks to carry 250 lb bombs for direct support of the Army. On 2 February 1942, two Lysanders set out from Mingaladon carrying Lieutenant-General Thomas Hutton, General Officer Commanding Burma Command and his aide to Lashio, in the first part of Hutton's planned journey to Chungking to meet Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek. The two aircraft became lost however and the Lysander carrying Hutton crashed and caught fire. While Hutton managed to escape the burning aircraft, the pilot, Flight lieutenant E. W. Tate was badly injured and Hutton was unable to free him, with Tate dying from his wounds six days later. The squadron's Lysanders carried out a number of bombing attacks against Japanese-held airfields, rail targets, river traffic and troops, but losses were heavy, and the squadron was ordered to withdraw back to India on 17 February, leaving a detachment of three Lysanders behind in Burma. The two aircraft detached to the Andaman Islands were destroyed by their crews on 18 February before the detachment evacuated the Andamans, while the surviving two aircraft of the Burma-based detachment were evacuated to India on 26 February.

In March 1942, the squadron had moved to Lahore to rebuild its strength, but in April it moved to Ranchi, in North-East India. In July, the squadron moved to its old base at Kohat for operations over the North-West Frontier, supporting operations by a mobile column of the Indian Army against followers of Mitza Ali Khan, who had cut the road between Miramshah and Datta Khel. Following the successful relief of Datta Khel and the dispersal of the rebels, the squadron returned to Ranchi in August. In December 1942 it was re-equipped with Hawker Hurricane IIb aircraft in the fighter-reconnaissance role. By January 1943 the squadron was operating over Burma, with detachments at Maungdaw and Imphal. The Maungdaw-based detachment moved to Ramu, Cox's Bazar in April and to Cox's Bazar in May 1943. Operations included both tactical reconnaissance and high-level photo reconnaissance, together with offensive patrols against Japanese river traffic. The squadron flew at least 100 operational sorties per month throughout 1943, including during the Monsoon season.

In March 1944, the squadron began to replace its machine-gun armed Hurricane IIbs with cannon-armed Hurricane IIcs, while the squadron's operational tempo picked up in the early part of the year, reaching 12 sorties per day in March, while in April it supplemented its normal duties with carrying mail between Dimapur and besieged Imphal during the Battles of Imphal and Kohima. The squadron was pulled out of the front line in July 1944, returning to operations over Burma in December that year. In May 1945, it started to receive Hurricane IVs to supplement its IIcs. On 1 August 1945, the squadron received three Supermarine Spitfire PR.XIs, flying a few sorties with them before the end of the war.

Post-War (1946–1967)
After the end of the Second World War the squadron continued as a fighter-reconnaissance unit as part of the Far East Air Force. In October 1945, the squadron replaced its Hurricanes with more Spitfires, (Mk VIIIs and Mk XIVEs), concentrating on the Spitfire XIVE by the end of the year. It moved to Penang, Malaya in November 1945 and to RAF Kuala Lumpur in April 1946, and then to RAF Tengah, Singapore in February 1947. The squadron received Spitfire FR.18s in 1947. It moved to RAF Sembawang, also in Singapore in February 1949. It moved to RAF Kai Tak, Hong Kong in 1949 still with Spitfires, in order to strengthen Hong Kong's defences as a result of the ongoing Chinese Civil War, with the squadron's role changing from fighter-reconnaissance to pure fighter. From then on the squadron was regularly moved between Kai Tak and Sek Kong. In February 1951, the squadron was re-equipped with jet aircraft, as de Havilland Vampire FB.5s replaced the Spitfires, with 28 Squadron being the last front-line RAF squadron equipped with the Spitfire. From February 1952, it began receiving Vampire FB.9s, which where fitted with air conditioning, which made operations in the hot climate of Hong Kong more tolerable for the pilots. In February 1956, the squadron discarded its Vampires, again being the last front-line RAF squadron to operate the type, receiving de Havilland Venom FB.1s as replacements, exchanging them for Venom FB.4s in November 1959. In June 1957, as a result of the 1957 Defence Review, Sek Kong was handed over the army, with 28 Squadron returning to Kai Tak. While at Kai Tak from May 1962 the squadron changed to flying Hawker Hunter FGA.9s, until 2 January 1967 when it was disbanded.

Helicopters (1968–present)

The squadron was reformed on 1 March 1968 at Kai Tak from a detachment of No. 103 Squadron RAF operating Westland Whirlwind HC 10s. The Westland Wessex HC.2 was introduced to the squadron from January 1972 and the Whirlwinds operated until August 1972. On 17 May 1978 the squadron moved to RAF Sek Kong and stayed until 1 November 1996. The squadron returned to Kai Tak from then until disbanded on 3 June 1997 prior to the British withdrawal on 1 July, with the squadron's Wessexes being sold to Uruguay. It was the last RAF squadron to leave the territory.

The RAF ordered 22 Westland Merlin HC3 helicopters in March 1995, the first of which was received from GKNWestland, now AgustaWestland, on 7 March 2001. The squadron officially reformed on 17 July 2001 at RAF Benson, the first time in its recent history that the squadron had been stationed in the UK.

The squadron's first operational role with the Merlin was in support of SFOR at Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aircraft and personnel deployed on 1 April 2003, the same day that an initial operational capability was declared for the Merlin. The detachment ceased on 31 March 2004 and the squadron then began to prepare for operations in Iraq.

The squadron's commitment to Operation Telic began on 1 March 2005. Several aircraft and a mix of aircrew, engineers and support personnel from 28 (AC) Squadron and RAF Benson, deployed using the historic No. 1419 Flight RAF to replace the Chinooks of No. 1310 Flight RAF at Basrah Air Station, Iraq.

In 2009, the squadron returned from Operation Telic and later on in the year deployed on Operation Herrick keeping the designation of 1419 Flight. The squadron returned during May 2013. In July 2015, the squadron handed over its Merlin helicopters to 845 Naval Air Squadron and re-roled as No. 28 (Reserve) Squadron OCU whose role is to train Chinook Mk4 and Puma Mk2 helicopters crews.

On 1 February 2018, the RAF rescinded all (Reserve) suffixes leading to No. 28 (Reserve) Squadron becoming No. 28 Squadron.

In March 2020, the squadron was awarded the right to emblazon a battle honour on its squadron standard, recognising its role in the War in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2014.

On 28 October 2021, No. 28 Squadron was re-awarded its historical designation of No. 28 (Army Co-operation) Squadron.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: No. 28 Squadron RAF


text:
Giovanni Battista Michelini

Giovanni Battista Michelini (also called il Folignate) (1604–1655) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Foligno and Rome. He was born in Foligno, but became a pupil of Guido Reni. He painted mainly religious and mythological subjects.

Known works

 * Hall of Cupid, Hall of Apollo: two frescoed rooms in the Palazzo Pierantoni in Foligno
 * ''The Foundation of Foligno: frescoed ceiling in the Palazzo De Comitibus, Foligno
 * an ensemble of large allegorical frescoes, in the church of S. Filippo, Bevagna
 * Madonna and Child with St. Elysius (oil on canvas): Foligno, church of San Giovanni Decollato
 * Holy Family, St. Catherine, and an Immaculate Conception: all three works in Foligno, monastery of Santa Caterina
 * Madonna and child with saints (oil on canvas): church of San Francesco della Pace, Gubbio
 * Scenes from the life of San Filippo Benizi (damaged frescoes in the lower arcade of the cloister of the Church of San Giacomo (Foligno)

title: Giovanni Battista Michelini


text:
Accokeek

Accokeek, Algonquin for "at the edge of the hill", may refer to:

Maryland

 * Accokeek, Maryland, a census-designated place south of Washington
 * Accokeek people, an Indigenous people of Maryland, along with the Piscataway
 * Accokeek Creek Site, an archeological site there
 * Accokeek Road (Maryland Route 373) in Prince George's County

Virginia

 * Accokeek Creek, about 25 miles southwest of Accokeek, MD
 * Accokeek (plantation), the 17th-century plantation of George Mason I
 * Accokeek Furnace Archeological Site, 1726-1753, iron furnace near the head of Accokeek Creek

Other

 * USS Accokeek (ATA-181), a U.S. Navy ship

title: Accokeek


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Unification of Quantum Theory

The Unification of Quantum Theory
More nonsense from User:Etavernetti (see "Einstein's Mistake" and "Universal philosophy" above). Taco Deposit | Talk-o Deposit 23:59, Oct 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Boring original research. Geogre 04:22, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. Delete. --Slowking Man 06:13, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Disjointed drooling drivel.--NathanHawking 07:22, 2004 Oct 17 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pure nonsense. jni 12:40, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * D Wolfman 00:38, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Author should get a webpage and join the flat Earth Society. --Improv 19:37, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. utcursch 11:09, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)

These days people see theoretical physics and they think: one, this writer has no idea what he/she is talking about, two, I have no idea what this person is trying to convey. First and foremost these articles represent about an hour of summarizing years of research; research which has already been viewed and commended by some very knowledgeable physicists. Indeed, perhaps your feeble attempt to grasp the complexity and magnitude of this work and the information it suggests is hopelessly foiled by an utter lack of tolerance; you prevent others from reading and enjoying a unique piece of theory (truly a connoisseur piece of knowledge) like this. Pity for you all…

Where are the geniuses of today?
 * They're doing original academic research, and publishing it in in peer reviewed journals. Delete. GWO
 * Delete, suggest author begins a pseudoscience blog, as that would be a more appropriate place for such writeups — siro  χ  o  23:34, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * More patent nonsense. Delete - Mike Rosoft 12:41, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Shelsley Walsh

Shelsley Walsh is a small village and civil parish in Worcestershire, England, on the western side of the River Teme. For administrative purposes it is presently located in the Teme Valley ward of the county’s Malvern Hills district. In the 2011 Census there was an estimated population of 28 people in 12 households. The site has been farmed since Anglo Saxon times and there are also vestiges of former industry, but it is now best known for its association with the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb.

History
The name of the settlement was recorded as Celdeslai in the Domesday Book, with the meaning of "Sceald's clearing": from Old English Sceald (a personal name) and leāh (wood, clearing). Other spellings were used in the following centuries, and the location was also known as Little Shelsley to distinguish it from Great Shelsley (Shelsley Beauchamp) on the opposite side of the River Teme. The village was described in 1831 as being within the upper division of Doddingtree hundred in Worcestershire and having 57 inhabitants. In 1868 John Noake gave the additional information that it consisted of two farm houses and nine cottages, and that its 410 acres were used for growing hops, fruit and corn.

The addition of Walsh to the village's name followed when members of the family became lord of the manor, the first of them being Sir Henry le Waleys in the time of King Edward I. They were to remain at Shelsley and in the surrounding district until the start of the eighteenth century, with as arms a fesse between six black martlets on a silver shield, the crest being a griffin's head with the motto veritas et virtu vincunt (truth and probity triumph). Later tenants of the manor included Joseph Smith, a notable breeder of Hereford cattle, and Montagu Taylor, whose fascination with modern technology led him to offer the use of one of his farm tracks as the earliest hill-racing venue for cars in 1905.

St Andrew's church
St Andrew's church is the oldest existing building on the site and is of a simple design, having a Norman nave to which a chancel was added in the 13th century. Mainly it was built of a tufa known as travertine, available locally from along the ridge behind the church at Southstone Rock. The spectacular woodwork inside the building dates from the 15th century and is notable for the very rare chancel screen which extends into a squire's pew. Also to be found there is a circular Norman font, a floor of mediaeval tiles and the 1596 wooden tomb of Francis Walsh and his wife, carved to resemble stone. What Nicholas Pevsner described as a "distinctively quirky restoration" was made by George Truefitt in 1859, which resulted in the exterior addition of the pyramid-roofed wooden bell-turret and a north porch. Fortunately his interior additions of a font, pulpit and fireplace of his own mediaeval design were discarded in 1908 and the old font restored from its exile in the churchyard.

Having belonged during part of the 19th century to the Archdeaconry of Salop and Diocese of Hereford, the parish was later transferred to the Archdeaconry of Ludlow and Diocese of Hereford (1876–1905) before reverting to the Archdeaconry and Diocese of Worcester (1905–1972). After 1972 the separate parish of St Andrew's was merged with four others in the area to form the united benefice of the Teme Triangle.

Court House
On the site of what was formerly the Walsh's moated manor is now the Grade II listed building known as Court House. The older parts of this date from the 16th century, to which additions were made in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. It used to be said that the house was haunted by the ghost of Lady Lightfoot, who drove a carriage with flaming horses through the rooms before disappearing into the moat with fearful shrieks.

The house once functioned as the estate's home farm, near which was a mill recorded from the start of the 14th century. The present brick building dates from about 1800, with its wheel turned by water conducted from a pond in the grounds of Court House, itself fed from the steep dingle behind it. The mill is associated with a double range of buildings downslope, refurbished by Montagu Taylor as a model farm. Today the site functions as a tourist attraction and was Grade II listed in 2008. The mill, which was used to grind animal feed until 1923, was restored by volunteers during 2006-10.

Lying to the north of the site is a half-timber and plaster two-story house, recorded as the rectory on the 1883 Ordnance Survey map, and adjoining it the rectory farm, a combination of barn and dwelling.

Former industry
There are indications of former industries in the names of two farms in Shelsley Walsh parish. One is Forgemill Farm, after which the nearby Newmill Bridge over the River Teme is also named. Somewhere in the vicinity there was a water-driven iron forge which in 1635 was sold with a parcel of ground called the Coal Yard to a local owner. The forge once produced 100 tons of iron a year and was recorded as still operative in 1779. On the corner of the turn to Newmill Bridge there is an old milestone with an iron plate recording the distance from Worcester Cross as ten miles.

Further along the road, near Furnace Farm, were three small lime kilns once fed with rock from hillside quarries in locations still named 'Hell Hole' and 'Devil's Den'. Two workers' cottages nearby were added to and rebuilt by Montagu Taylor, although they were abandoned by the mid-20th century. Southstone Rock was just over the parish boundary along the quarried ridge, from which stone was supplied not only for the church of St Andrew but also to build or repair others in the vicinity.

title: Shelsley Walsh


text: Category:Mexican film directors

title: Category:Mexican film directors


text: Category:Presidents of the Royal Society


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Dichanthelium

Dichanthelium is genus of flowering plants of the grass family, Poaceae. They are known commonly as rosette grasses and panicgrasses.

Taxonomy
Formerly a subgenus of the genus Panicum, Dichanthelium was elevated to genus status in 1974. Its species are still treated as members of Panicum by some authorities, because the two genera are very similar in form. Molecular data support the recognition of Dichanthelium as a separate genus.

The name Dichanthelium originates from the Greek for "twice-flowering", in reference to the vernal and autumnal growth phases.

Description
These are perennial grasses, sometimes with rhizomes. The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses. The upper stems may have a few main branches that divide into smaller branches bearing panicles. There are primary panicles, which may be chasmogamous, and secondary panicles, which are often cleistogamous. The spikelets are roughly 1 to 5 millimeters long and lack awns.

In the Chicago area, Dichanthelium is considered the most emblematic genus of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plain disjunct habitat found in that region.

Species
There are about 72 species in the genus. Species include:

 * Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – needleleaf rosette grass, narrow-leaved panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &C.A. Clark – tapered rosette grass, hotsprings rosette grass, hairy panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium albomaculatum (Scribn.) Gould
 * Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould
 * Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond
 * Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann – northern panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – Bosc's panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll
 * Dichanthelium caparoense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium chamaelonche (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong – small-seeded panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – deertongue
 * Dichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann
 * Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann
 * Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould – variable panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium conjugens (Skottsb.) C.A.Clark & Gould
 * Dichanthelium cordovense (E.Fourn.) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium cucaense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium cumbucana (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould – tussock panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium davidsei (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould – starved panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould – cypress panicgrass, forked panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould – sword-leaf panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium forbesii (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould
 * Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchc.) Harvill
 * Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium heliophilum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould – bog rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz – Hirst's panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium implicatum (Scribn.) Kerguélen
 * Dichanthelium isachnoides (Munro ex Hillebrand) C.A.Clark & Gould – Maui rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium itatiaiae (Swallen) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium joori (Vasey) Mohlenbr.
 * Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould – Koolau rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould
 * Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill – broadleaf rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould – openflower rosette grass, soft-tufted panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann – Leiberg's rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (Trin.) Gould & C.A.Clark
 * Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould
 * Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould – slimleaf rosette grass, linear-leaved panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond
 * Dichanthelium macrospermum Gould
 * Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould – softleaf rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium mattamuskeetense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
 * Dichanthelium microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr.
 * Dichanthelium nitidum (Lam.) Mohlenbr.
 * Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould – Sarita rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin – naked-stemmed panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould – Heller's rosette grass, fewanther obscuregrass, few-flowered panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – eggleaf rosette grass, stiff-leaved panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium pantrichum (Hack.) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium pedicellatum (Vasey) Gould – cedar rosette grass, corm-based panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium peristypum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann – long-stalked panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium petropolitanum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – many-flowered panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin – blunt-glumed panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould – Ravenel's rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark – hemlock rosette grass
 * Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – woolly rosette grass, tall-swamp panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium scoparioides (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
 * Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – velvet panicum
 * Dichanthelium scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
 * Dichanthelium sendulskyii (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – roundseed panicgrass, round-fruited panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium sphagnicola (Nash) LeBlond
 * Dichanthelium stigmosum (Trin.) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann – roughhair rosette grass, cushion-tuft panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium superatum (Hack.) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium telmatum (Swallen) Zuloaga
 * Dichanthelium umbonulatum (Swallen) Davidse
 * Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould
 * Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann – fall rosette grass, Wilcox's panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium xalapense Kunth
 * Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – slender rosette grass, pale panicgrass
 * Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.

title: Dichanthelium


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Category:New Guinea

 * The island of New Guinea - in the western South Pacific Ocean, and within the Melanesia subregion and bioregion in Asia and Oceania.

 * The island's eastern half forms the mainland of the country of Papua New Guinea. The western half is the Western New Guinea and comprises six provinces of Indonesia: Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua and West Papua.

title: Category:New Guinea


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AVPU

The AVPU scale (an acronym from "alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive") is a system by which a health care professional can measure and record a patient's level of consciousness. It is mostly used in emergency medicine protocols, and within first aid.

It is a simplification of the Glasgow Coma Scale, which assesses a patient response in three measures: eyes, voice and motor skills. The AVPU scale should be assessed using these three identifiable traits, looking for the best response of each.

Meaning of the mnemonic
The AVPU scale has four possible outcomes for recording (as opposed to the 13 possible outcomes on the Glasgow Coma Scale). The assessor should always work from best (A) to worst (U) to avoid unnecessary tests on patients who are clearly conscious. The four possible recordable outcomes are:

 * Alert: The patient is fully awake (although not necessarily oriented). This patient will have spontaneously open eyes, will respond to voice (although may be confused) and will have bodily motor function.
 * Verbal: The patient makes some kind of response when you talk to them, which could be in any of the three component measures of eyes, voice or motor – e.g. patient's eyes open on being asked "Are you OK?". The response could be as little as a grunt, moan, or slight move of a limb when prompted by the voice of the rescuer.
 * Pain: The patient makes a response on any of the three component measures on the application of pain stimulus, such as a central pain stimulus like a sternal rub or a peripheral stimulus such as squeezing the fingers. A patient with some level of consciousness (a fully conscious patient would not require a pain stimulus) may respond by using their voice, moving their eyes, or moving part of their body (including abnormal posturing).
 * Unresponsive: Sometimes seen noted as 'unconscious', this outcome is recorded if the patient does not show any eye, voice or motor response to voice or pain.

In first aid, an AVPU score of anything less than A is often considered an indication to get further help, as the patient is likely to be in need of more definitive care. In the hospital or long term healthcare facilities, caregivers may consider an AVPU score of less than A to be the patient's normal baseline.

In some emergency medical services protocols, "Alert" can be subdivided into a scale of 1 to 4, in which 1, 2, 3 and 4 correspond to certain attributes, such as time, person, place, and event. For example, a fully alert patient might be considered "alert and oriented x 4" if they could correctly identify the time, their name, their location, and the event.

EMS crews may begin with an AVPU assessment, to be followed by a GCS assessment if the AVPU score is below "A."

Limitations
The AVPU scale is not suitable for long-term neurological observation of a patient; in this situation, the Glasgow Coma Scale is more appropriate.

Comparison with other classification systems
When compared to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) the AVPU classification of alertness has been suggested to correspond in the following manner: (Kelly, Upex and Bateman, 2004)
 * Alert = 15 GCS
 * Voice Responsive = 13 GCS
 * Pain Responsive = 8 GCS
 * Unconscious/DOA = 3 GCS

The AVPU scale can also be compared to the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS). The PGCS corresponds with the AVPU classification of consciousness in the following manner:
 * Alert = 11–15 PGCS
 * Voice Responsive = 5–15 PGCS
 * Pain Responsive = 4–12 PGCS
 * Unconscious = 3–5 PGCS

title: AVPU


text: Category:Melanesia

title: Category:Melanesia


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Talk:Disjunction drive

For a May 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Disjunction drive

To me, this part sounds completly stupid: "By the time the field reaches the plate, the magnet could even have been destroyed. Does the plate still experience a force? If so, it no longer has an object to impart an opposite force against." The proposed gedanken-experiment basically mandates the use of relativistic theory. In this theory, however, the magnet and the plate _never_ interact directly (or, at least, saying that they do isn't really usefull). Each interacts with the magnetic field. So the plate _always_ has an object to "impart an opposite force against" as it imparts it on the magnetic field.

This would basically mean that the given example is nonsensical. (The question it askes "Does the plate still experience a force?" sounds like a paradox, when in fact it isn't: there is only one, well-defined, correct answer -- unless one commits deliberate error when answering it.) However, maybe others can defend it, so I won't delete it for now. (in fact, I think the description at http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/disjunction_drive.html sounds much more sensible) -- Abel Daniel

As far as I can see, this is not very different from turning a light bulb on for a short period of time and running a solar sail off the resulting light beam when the bulb is no longer turned on. The electromagnet creates a field by emitting photons, which interfere in such a way as to give the macroscopic effect of a magnetic field. The photons are emitted in such a way that the field initially has no intrinsic momentum. The plate absorbs some of these photons, and in so doing gains momentum - macroscopically, the magnetic field acts upon the metal so as to produce a net force. The end result is a plate which has net momentum, and an expanding electromagnetic pulse which has total momentum equal and opposite to the momentum of the plate. In short, if you only consider local interactions with the field, and do away with all concept of action at a distance, there is no paradox.

I merged this article with Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program because a similar VfD debate over Bias drive was to merge. It is for sake of consistency that I am doing this. Sjakkalle 08:32, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Disjunction drive


text: Talk:Tommy Burks

title: Talk:Tommy Burks


text: File:The B-52's - Whammy!.jpg

title: File:The B-52's - Whammy!.jpg


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Talk:Red Ensign

Archive
Talk:Red Ensign/Archive 1 Talk:Red Ensign/Archive 2

Gallery
I have elsewhere proposed creating a Gallery of flags based on British ensigns which would relocate a large number of images from Gallery of flags by design. The proposed new gallery would show thumbnail images of all flags, national or otherwise, based on British ensigns. It would be subdivided into sections for the Blue, Red & White ensigns, the Sky Blue, and other variations. I welcome discussion on my proposal which would naturally be linked from this page. Dystopos 21:50, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello Dystopos,
 * Yes, I support your idea whole-heartedly. I feel that it is a marvelous idea.  One thing that could be addressed is the fact that not only were there British Colonial Ensigns, but there were French Colonial Ensigns as well.  For the former the Union Jack was in the Canton, but for the latter the French Tricolour was in the Canton.  Both Colonial Empires used the same motifs.

 ArmchairVexillologistDon 20:05, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I have created the gallery as proposed and done some more-or-less ignorant categorizing. More knowledgeable vexillologists are invited to help organize and complete the list. Dystopos 05:17, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello Dystopos,

 * Great job on the new British Ensign Flag gallery. It looks fantastic indeed.  This is the only true way to determine patterns of flag parentage, i.e., just line them up, and see what jumps out of the page at yaa.  You have done at great job, in my opinion.

 * Thanks alot eh, I didn't know about this Portugal Proposal, I've just learned a new Flag Fact today. Thanks a million!

 * ArmchairVexillologistDon 05:33, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Trekkie

 * I hesitate to even mention this, but it occurs to me that some use the term "red ensign" to refer to one of any number of minor fictional characters in Star Trek episodes who are prone to being killed while on missions away from their ship. They got the nickname because they usually hold the rank of ensign and usually wear red uniform jerseys. I won't be the one that adds a disambiguation, though. --Dystopos 04:36, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Usual term is "redshirt"... AnonMoos (talk) 18:59, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Royal Navy Recognised Sea Scout Ensign.png
The image Image:Royal Navy Recognised Sea Scout Ensign.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --21:05, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Precursor to the American flag
Perhaps it should be pointed out that the Red Ensign was the precursor to the American flag, just as it was the precursor to the pre-Maple Leaf Canadian flag. During colonial days, the Red Ensign was used by the British in the North American colonies that later formed the United States. During the French and Indian War (Seven Years War), the colonial militias differentiated their flag from that of the regular army by adding white horizontal stripes to the red field, resulting in a flag of red and white horizontal stripes with the Grand Union in the corner, much like the Taunton flag shown in the article, but with red and white stripes. (The use of the term "American" to refer to North Americans of British heritage -- instead of Native Americans -- is also believed to have begun during this time period, as is the nickname "Yankee.") A decade or so later, when the Revolutionary War started, the American side at first used the same flag they had used as a colonial militia, with red and white horizontal stripes and the Grand Union in the corner. However, the absurdity (under the circumstances) of incorporating the British flag into the American flag led to replacing the Grand Union with a field of 13 stars, one for each of the 13 colonies. The number of stripes was fixed at 13 at this time, as well. The act of the Continental Congress creating the new flag refers to the field of 13 stars as a "union" -- interesting in view of the fact that it replaced the "Grand Union" that had been on the flag in the same location up to that time. -- 14:16, 30 August 2012

 * If any of the three influenced the U.S. flag more than another, it was probably the white ensign -- with possible further influences from the Sons of Liberty flag, the East India Company flag, the George Washington coat of arms, etc. AnonMoos (talk) 09:04, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

As I understand it, the White Ensign would not have been relevant to North America, because it was reserved for the Home Fleet. In addition, please see the modern-day flag of Taunton, Massachusetts which is clearly based on the Red Ensign (as shown in the article):

The Cross of St. George, which is the source of the red-on-white which takes up three-quarters of the White Ensign, may not have been the sort of thing that English speakers of North America would have altered, even during the Revolutionary War period. It was the cross, and the concept of separation of church and state did not come around until the Bill of Rights. During an earlier period than the Revolutionary War, the Puritans of New England used to annoy His Majesty's representatives by flying the Cross of St. George over public buildings instead of the Grand Union Flag.

Finally, with regard to George Washington's coat of arms, he was not the leading figure in 1776 that he was in 1789. Furthermore, Washington was too modest to have sought to incorporate his personal coat of arms into the nation's flag. (Remember, George III referred to Washington as "the greatest man in the world" upon hearing that Washington had rejected being president for life.) -- Bob (Bob99 (talk) 20:17, 1 October 2012 (UTC))

 * " .... as is the nickname 'Yankee.'" - this is actually derived from a Native American corruption of the French term "les Anglais', which is why the term "Yankee" was only originally applied in areas that had contact with the French.

NHS Ensign edit
Well spotted. UK ensigns must, by law, only be worn on vessels boats. Jacksoncowes (talk) 15:43, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
 * , Thanks! The credit should actually go to GPinkerton for suggesting the move over on Wikimedia Commons. (t · c)  buidhe  15:48, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Comming from the US I did wonder if it related to the flotation of the NHSJacksoncowes (talk) 17:53, 18 May 2021 (UTC)Jacksoncowes (talk) 17:55, 18 May 2021 (UTC)

UK Sea Scouts
Can we include Royal Navy Recognised Sea Scouts who have a defaced Red Ensign? Not sure where it might go. Alansplodge (talk) 17:42, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

Yacht club defaced red ensigns
Royal St George Yacht Club, of Dun Laoghaire Ireland has a red ensign defaced with a crown not unlike that of the Royal Windermere. Granted to the club in 1845. 2A02:4E0:2D86:1AD3:361C:27F:BE90:E888 (talk) 07:43, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Ensign


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Drawing room

A drawing room is a room in a house where visitors may be entertained, and an alternative name for a living room. The name is derived from the 16th-century terms withdrawing room and withdrawing chamber, which remained in use through the 17th century, and made their first written appearance in 1642. In a large 16th- to early 18th-century English house, a withdrawing room was a room to which the owner of the house, his wife, or a distinguished guest who was occupying one of the main apartments in the house could "withdraw" for more privacy. It was often off the great chamber (or the great chamber's descendant, the state room) and usually led to a formal, or "state" bedroom.

In modern houses, it may be used as a convenient name for a second or further reception room, but no particular function is associated with the name.

History and development
In 18th-century London, the royal morning receptions that the French called levées were called "drawing rooms", with the sense originally that the privileged members of court would gather in the drawing room outside the king's bedroom, where he would make his first formal public appearance of the day.

During the American Civil War, in the White House of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia, the drawing room was off the parlor where CSA President Jefferson Davis greeted his guests. At the conclusion of these greetings, the men remained in the parlor to talk politics and the women withdrew to the drawing room for their own conversation. This was common practice in the affluent circles of the Southern United States.

In 1865, an architectural manual in England defined "drawing room" in this way:

"This is the Lady's Apartment, essentially, being the modern form of the Lady's Withdrawing-room, otherwise the Parlour, or perfected Chamber of mediaeval plan. If a Morning-room be not provided, it is properly the only Sitting-room of the family. In it in any case the ladies receive calls throughout the day, and the family and their guests assemble before dinner.  After dinner the ladies withdraw to it, and are joined by the gentlemen for the evening.  It is also the reception room for evening parties.  There is only one kind of drawing room as regards purpose: there is little difference, except in size and evidence of opulence, between that of the duchess and that of the simplest gentlewoman in the neighborhood. ...

In size, a small drawing room will be about 16 feet wide by from 18 to 20 feet long: 18 by 24 feet is a good size:  20 by 30 to 26 by 40 is enough for a very superior apartment."

Until the mid-twentieth century, after a dinner the ladies of a dinner party withdrew to the drawing room, leaving the gentlemen at table, where the tablecloth was removed. After an interval of conversation, often accompanied by brandy or port and sometimes cigars, the gentlemen rejoined the ladies in the drawing room.

The term drawing room is not used as widely as it once was, and tends to be used in Britain only by those who also have other reception rooms, such as a morning room, a 19th-century designation for a sitting room, often with east-facing exposure, suited for daytime calls, or the middle-class lounge, a late-19th-century designation for a room in which to relax. Hence the drawing room is the smartest room in the house, usually used by the adults of the family when entertaining. This term is widely used in India and Pakistan, probably dating from the colonial days, in the larger urban houses of the cities where there are many rooms.

The term parlour initially designated the more modest reception rooms of the middle classes, but usage changed in the UK as homeowners sought to identify with the grander homes of the wealthy. Parlor remained the common usage in North America into the early 20th century. In French usage the word salon, previously designating a state room, began to be used for a drawing room in the early part of the 19th century, reflecting the salon social gatherings that had become popular in the preceding decades.

Railway usage
The term drawing room was historically also applied to certain passenger train accommodations, designating some of the most spacious and expensive private accommodations available on board a sleeping car or private railroad car. An example, named as such, was a Midland Railway "Drawing Room Car" in 1874 that was made by Pullman and imported from the United States.

In North America, it meant a room which slept three or more persons, with a private washroom. Although Amtrak has retired its sleeping cars that were built with drawing rooms, they are still used by Via Rail Canada. The traditional nomenclature is seen as archaic, hence they are marketed as "triple bedrooms".

Drawing room plays
The drawing room, being a room in the house to entertain visitors, gave its name to drawing room plays, a genre of theatrical productions and motion pictures. Beginning with the early forms of drama, the drawing room play has evolved to encompass comedy as well as to include the forms of the dramatic monologue. The play format itself has also grown out of the traditional drawing room performance and back into main street theater and film. While the drawing room itself has fallen out of favor, the play format has continued to provide a source of entertainment.

Drawing room comedy typically features wit and verbal banter among wealthy, leisured, genteel, upper class characters. Drawing room comedy is also sometimes called the "comedy of manners". Oscar Wilde's 1895 The Importance of Being Earnest and several of the plays of Noël Coward are typical works of the genre. George Bernard Shaw's 1919 Heartbreak House adds an undercurrent of social criticism to the genre. Cary Grant appeared in a number of filmed drawing-room comedies. Ernst Lubitsch was especially known as a director of drawing room comedies.

title: Drawing room


text:
Lower Fort Garry

Lower Fort Garry was built in 1830 by the Hudson's Bay Company on the western bank of the Red River, 20 mi north of the original Fort Garry (now in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada). Treaty 1 was signed there.

A devastating flood destroyed Fort Garry in 1826, prompting the Company's then-governor, George Simpson, to search for a safer location down river. Governor Simpson chose the site of Lower Fort Garry because of its high ground and location below the St. Andrew's Rapids, eliminating a time-consuming portage of heavy fur packs and York boats. However, the fort never became the administrative centre it was intended, since most of the population of the area was centred near The Forks and objected to the extra travel required to do business at the new fort. As a result, Upper Fort Garry was rebuilt in stone at The Forks, very near the original Fort Garry site.

Early 19th century (1830–1850)
The first buildings built at the fort in 1830 were the "fur loft", which housed the company store, small warehouse and trader's office, and the "Big House" (residence for the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) or other high-ranking officials). Later additions included a warehouse and a men's house. The fort's signature walls were completed in the 1840s, adding an icehouse, powder magazine, bakehouse, and warehouse bastions. These walls were non-military, intended only to make the fort appear more important and impressive to both local traders and visiting HBC officers. Many of the buildings were constructed with limestone, which was easily obtained from nearby. The site also hosts excellent examples of Red River Frame construction (Farm Manager's House) and Half-timbered construction (colombage pierroté) (Men's House and Big House Annex).

Although the Lower Fort did trade a small amount of furs, its main purpose was as a supply depot for the Red River settlement and the surrounding Cree, Anishinaabe, Métis, and European (mostly Orkney Scot) populations. Many furs at the fort were brought from other districts, repackaged at the fort and sent to England via York Factory. The post traded essential manufactured goods to the farmers and hunters for produce that was in turn used for provisioning company treks into the north. Every now and then there was a crisis that called for military action, and Lower Fort Garry was the obvious choice for a base of operations. In 1846, British troops (6th Regiment of the Foot) were sent to the fort when a dispute erupted with the United States over the boundary between the Oregon Territory and what is now British Columbia. However, some believe the request for troops was actually intended to intimidate local free traders (as trading with anyone other than the HBC was illegal). In either case, by the time the troops arrived (1846), the threat of invasion was long over. The troops (becoming a nuisance by causing minor disturbances) were put to work at the fort completing the construction of the walls which were finished in 1848.

Mid 19th century (1851–1884)
The fort became an industrial centre by the 1860s and included several buildings, such as a flour mill, sawmill, forge, and a brewery. When the Red River Rebellion broke out in 1870, Louis Riel occupied Upper Fort Garry, and the Quebec Rifles took the lower fort. No wars or fights ever occurred at Lower Fort Garry as it was a peaceful settlement.

On August 3, 1871, the first treaty in Western Canada was established between the federal government and seven chiefs of the Ojibway (Saulteaux) and Swampy Cree First Nations at Lower Fort Garry. Indian Treaty No. 1 transferred the land that now comprises part of modern Manitoba. The treaty's intent was to ensure the peaceful settlement of the prairies by European immigrants, while providing First Nations people with land, access to resources and other necessities for their survival. Almost immediately after the treaty was established, the two parties disagreed on its meaning.

Indian Treaty No. 1, the precedent for the 10 subsequent numbered treaties in Western Canada, is commemorated by a Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque outside the Visitor Reception Centre.

Training of North-West Mounted Police members took place at the fort in the winter of 1873–1874. Many of the North-West Mounted Police of 1873–74 had been there already during the rebellion in 1870, including Inspector James F. MacLeod, who had met his fiancée, Mary Drever, at Lower Fort Garry on the previous trip. The first contingent of Mounties arrived in Lower Fort Garry on October 22, 1873, and on November 3 they were sworn in and commenced training. The bitter winter was spent drilling and learning to ride. The parade ground was frozen as hard as concrete, and was pretty unforgiving when a recruit was unexpectedly pitched from his horse. By the following June they were caught up in preparations for the arrival of Commissioner G.A. French and the other divisions, and headed out to meet them at Fort Dufferin. The fort was turned over once again to the Canadian Militia.

Recent history (1885–present)
The fort has also been a penitentiary, a mental hospital (1885–1886), an HBC residence, and a golf course/motor country club (1911–1963). One of the mental hospital's most infamous residents was Honoré Jaxon, Louis Riel's secretary who was found not guilty of treason by reason of insanity after the North-West Rebellion.

The HBC owned the fort until 1951, when it was given to the federal government. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1958, and named one of the top 10 National Historic Sites in the country in 2011 by Canada's History magazine. Between May and September, costumed interpreters recreate life at Lower Fort Garry in the early 1850s when Eden Colvile was inland governor of the HBC and in residence at the fort. Original buildings and walls, hands on activities, as well as original-to-era furnishings enhance the visitor experience.

title: Lower Fort Garry


text:
Talk:Fucked Company

Speculation
OK mods - I can understand why you are correcting the simple vandalism but why do you insist on removing the speculation section? It is clearly labeled as speculation. If you have never participated on FC why are you changing it? It is FC history and an integral part of the whole internet bbs subculture - google it and look at all the hits. I am sharing my knowledge of this little piece of the internet which, to some, is more interesting than the impact of the termite on today's society.

I think you are overstepping your bounds here.

You write about things you know and I'll write about things I know, k? --Discordian 12:09, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

In addition - there can be an article on Felching (and it is NOT up for deletion), but you shred this one??? --Discordian 12:18, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia doesn't publish speculation. See No original research. I agree with reverts. The soap opera-esque history of the FC message boards is of little interest to encyclopedia readers, and is mostly unverifiable original research. The "how to troll FC" section is contentless and useless. Rhobite 07:10, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * um, Rhobite... reverts came long after I posted the above comments. It was essentially a different article at that time. Just sayin'. --Discordian June 30, 2005 00:38 (UTC)

Sequoia forced Kaplan to step down as AdBrite CEO since his reputation of being the clown of the internet directly tarnished the image of AdBrite. They forced him to shut down the FC forum because FCers kept talking about the early click fraud debacle back when AdBrite was known as Marketbanker. Sequoia never would have noticed these discussions if it wasnt for the FCers emailing the threads to their executives. Hence the trolls on FC were indirectly tarnishing AdBrite, an entity Sequoia has sunk 16 million dollars of VC into. Pud no longer calls the shots at AdBrite and the FC BBS is gone forever.
 * What Really Happened

Spankygate
I don't believe 'spankygate' is of interest to encyclopedia readers. If former FC message board contributors want to reminisce about past glories they should do it somewhere else. The Spinger 13:24, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

VfD results
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Fucked Company. -- BD2412 talk 05:19, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * It appears to me from the VfD that there is a consensus that this article needs more content added to it and is currently in a sad state. May I ask my peers what they consider acceptable to put here?  For example, talk of the board in general, references to Mr. Kaplan's past ventures, interviews with Mr. Kaplan in relation to the site, Mention of the Book F'd Companies, etc.  What do you consider permissible?  I do not wish to do a lot of work only to be told it needs to be erased due to technicalities.  People seem to want more here.  I am happy to help, but what is permissible.  Some input please. Nisanu 18:45, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

What a bunch of crap
Long-term reg here. What a bunch of bullshit that main article is. FC is a free-for-all, with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. Reading is a lot like eating potato chips - you know it's not good for you but you can't stop eating. Eat too much and you'll get sick.

I've been on fc since ought-one. I rarely post regged anymore because of the truly psychotic whackjobs that make fc their home these days. What used to be a cross-section of geeks and dot-commers is now just a bunch of racists and assholes.

The golden days of fc are over, if they were ever here. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.241.66.107 (talk • contribs).

I agree that the article is a little sparse. But it is mostly correct. I have been on FC since late 2000 and can say there is much that should be added. Nisanu 22:20, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

It is interesting to note that attempts to register on the FC clone boards with my former FC email address are rejected, saying "you cannot use that address." Oh, well, the legend of Beertheotherwhitemeat lives on.

Ghost Sites and Metafilter links
IN RESPONSE TO THE ALLEGED VANDALISM OF THE FUCKEDCOMPANY ENTRY IN WIKIPEDIA:

The two reference links that have been appended to this article (Ghostsites & Metafilter) have nothing to do with FuckedCompany. They are an example of distortion and misleading re-direction, and do not directly relate to the topic. Clearing these off of the topic does NOT constitute vandalism. Wikipedia rules allow readers to make corrections as they deem necessary.

Apparently, if you have friends in Wikipedia, you can distort topics at will. Enough said. And enough said about how much Wikipedia can really be relied on to be an accurate source of information. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.108.200.164 (talk • contribs).

FC is antiquated
FC used to be regarded as a great resource. I was a recruiter in the Bay Area until 2001 when my firm went belly up along with lots of others. We actually got good leads from the site. Nowadays it has truly fallen to the morons. Some valid rumors still circulate but if you ask me I'd say the site became irrelevant once Kaplan started adding porn to it and focusing more on Bizient, his own dot com startup. Also, I think the list of Magazines mentioned in the entry should include The Industry Standard. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.224.227.76 (talk • contribs).

The book "fucked company"
He also released a book by the same title that described the history of about 200 companies (a page per company). One of the reviews was "he swears too much". probably should be added. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.81.250.27 (talk • contribs).

 * Done. jareha 00:19, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Alternative Forum Discussions
Many, many FC "spin off" boards have existed over the years and a number still exist.

If spin off boards are to be mentioned, they should all be mentioned. Or at least a number of them should be mentioned.

it could be said that 4chan /b and anonymous were both movements born from the culture of the dots "." before anonymous was anon there was FC and on FC's message board if you posted without a name it displayed a period. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Iwasadot (talk • contribs) 16:20, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

child porn hub?
Ok this was removed earlier, I have no idea why. There is NO debate weather or not child porn is traded on FuckedCompany. A quick search of the archives at the site is all you need to confirm. I was wondering if this is something to include in the FuckedCompany entry.

Latest on Philip Kaplan
WOW! What the fuck happened???? First the BBS dies, the DNS is gone, all his other websites are dead or inoperative.

And now his Wikipedia entry has been nearly wiped clean.

Here is some of the latest about Phillip Kaplan, aka pud. http://www.adotas.com/2006/06/controversial-philip-kaplan-out-at-adbrite/

He shut down the bbs.fuckedcompany.com forum suddenly the night of June 6, 2006 after being harassed over the Adbrite fiasco. One of his last words were "Massive ownage coming", many suggest this was a hint of shutting down the board. Since then no one has credible information on what is to become of FC, if the board will be back, or even what Mr. Kaplan is up to. Nisanu 22:35, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Original research
Unless there is some reliable source for the history of FC users trolling on other message boards, this should not be mentioned in Wikipedia's article. A reliable source would be coverage on a large news web site, a newspaper article, etc. Not a forum post. This history is of little interest to anyone who isn't already an FC user, and it violates Wikipedia's Verifiability policy. Thanks. Rhobite 18:30, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Also, please see the No personal attacks policy. This is not a discussion forum; obscene comments and insults are not appreciated here. Rhobite 18:32, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, contacting people would be a violation of the Wikipedia policy against original research. If there's a reputable article about FC users' activities then you should cite it. Even so, I can't imagine how these activities are of any interest to readers. Rhobite 01:02, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, so Rhobite, you are to be the judge of what may or may not be of interest to readers? --67.153.233.99 15:48, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Request to Wikipedia
As Mr. Philip Kaplan has permanently shut down his FuckedCompany websites, including his BBS, there can be no more "news" re this subject. It is time to lock this subject permanently.

Websites started by former FC posters
Are relevent because it allows the reader to actually experience FC more or less unchanged. Seeing something that is happening real time is always more insightful than having someone describe it.

Clean it up, lock it down.
There is no more history to be had here. Time to get the article cleaned up and lock it for good, unless Pud speaks publicly about what caused him to shut the place down.
 * It's a good idea to clean up this article, but there's no reason to lock the article permanently. There's always room for improvement. Rhobite 16:59, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Spinoff Web sites absolutely should be included
For a number of reasons, but mainly because it's part of the site's history.

Also the contention that the entry should be "locked up" because there is no new news is ridiculous. Until the entry is satisfactorily edited it should be kept open.

Addendum by another reader: The above statement is nonsensical. The FC BBS is gone forever. It boggles the imagination to see how, given that the board has been shut down for good, that there can be any "new news" about it. Again, what we have here is an attempt at free advertising at Wikipedia's expense for other web boards. Wikipedia is not the place for advertising.

Addendum by another reader: Per the terms of Wikipedia use and posting, irrelevant items are not in keeping with the Wiki philosophy. By the reasoning given above, one could add an entry relating to ANYTHING. Thus, one could argue that extraneous and irrelevant items, if they were even mentioned once on the FC board, could qualify for inclusion here in this article. That is nonsensical. One could argue, given the above, that personal attacks that occurred should also be mentioned. That too is nonsensical.

A Wiki article should include only information about the topic, and no personal attacks or attempts at advertising other web boards, which is in reality the whole idea behind including mention of these alleged spin-off boards. One could argue that a blog created by a former FCer is legitiamtely a spin-off board. And THAT makes NO sense.

If someone has created a separate board, etc., they can always create their own Wiki article. That's the best way to address these alleged spin-off boards.

EDIT

The above poster is correct. If there are to be no free advertising links what are links to Kaplans for profit websites doing here while FCers non-profit websites are banned? Seems like a double standard. Is Kaplan somehow influencing events here to avoid embarrassment?

Subsequent edit: Links to Kaplan's other sites are found in Kaplan's article. That makes sense, if they are Kaplan's creation, etc.. Posting anything and everything about Pud's other activities HERE makes NO sense. I think I and the above poster agree, in principle: no extraneous data within a Wiki article, and, definitely, NO SELF-SERVING ADVERTISING of other web boards.

A problem again?
Seems like we are back to fighting over this. See recent edit war. Links to "spin off" boards are not appropriate as they are just spam. If links to spin off boards are to be allowed then it would be logical that all links to all spin off boards would be allowed. If so, the list of links to spin off boards would be longer than the article itself. My suggestion is to not allow the links, or if they are allowed then someone should volunteer to create a comprehensive list. As it is, we have one spammer trying to generate traffic for his board by spamming this article and others with links to his BBS. 70.91.104.249 (talk) 03:31, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

There's really not much to say about the spinoff websites
Or "redboards" as they are called. Brian Saville (of Bartlett IL, aka Spanky) who hacked the original FC and Leland E. Ray (of Sausalito, CA, aka Philip_McCavity/Original_Lonely_Guy) run the site called "CampIdiot". Camp Idiot is basically a right wing hate site filled with pro-trump, anti-black, anti-liberal screeds. F2BBS was full of repetitive trolling posts that seemed like severe mental illness. F4BBS (Akins) was another right wing hate site. F5BBS seems like a clone of F2BBS. All garbage. 2606:9580:438:64:0:0:0:B02D (talk) 23:41, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

You are the problem
This is said by the guy who was originally banned from FC for spamming and XSS attacks. He also spammed his other forum everywhere, until he shut it down. Now he is bitter and hates other boards. Look at http://www.f2bbs.com and tell me it's not FC related. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dontknoa (talk • contribs) 04:35, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Revert to earlier version?
The way this article is written now, its horrible. I've noticed all over wikipedia like the YTMND page that is self-referencing and the forum page for Something Awful is continually self-reffering. This is crap, revert the FC page to something legible and pertinent. As it is now, its a travesty. Fcyoss 14:14, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Reply: Waste of time. FuckedCompany is no more. What's there to revert to? Personally, I think this article should be deleted. It has no relevance to the goals and purpose of Wikipedia.

 * C'mon now...the mythos of what FC stood for is what's important. This site was on the pulse of the dot com busts. Its very revelant, and the wiki-editors have created a sense of wikality detrimental to the FC past.Fcyoss 05:27, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Another reader: Dude, did you just use the word "wikality"? Earth to nimrod, get a real job and make a REAL contribution to society, instead of proudly waving the Wiki banner like a retarded child. It's just not that important IN THE REAL WORLD.

 * Don't be a jerk. All I'm saying is that there were good versions of this article that were torn apart by editors who didn't know anything about the subject matter.Fcyoss 15:00, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. Some of the past versions of this article were very well put together and provided useful information to the wikipedia reader.  But someone(s) went ahead and removed most of the content.  In all honesty I wonder if it is someone close to Kaplan or Kaplan himself may be doing this to try clean up his image.  I think that someone should look at the past edits and check for obvious abuse where a new editor is coming in every month or so to delete things. Nisanu 18:41, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

So, just because the FC message board has been taken down, we should erase all mention of it ever existing? Sounds a little Orwellian to me... isn't Wikipedia supposed to be a record? If FC was a BBS that had significant activity, it seems to me it should be recorded.

 * Apparently FC the dot-com website is encyclopedia-worthy, but FC the bulletin board is not. That's the only possible explanation for the complete removal of all references to it.  If that's the case, just say so.

The above statement hits the nail on the head. The bulletin board was an off-shoot of the main idea: the FC dot-com website. The bulletin board itself is NOT "encyclopedia-worthy".

 * The current state of this article is pathetic. It appears to me that someone came in and deleted 9/10ths of the content.  I am thinking that  a revert with cleanup is necessary.  I wonder if someone(s) is doing this with a particular motive in mind? I will leave this comment up for a week before I touch the article to allow for respones. Nisanu 18:41, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

The amazing shrinking article
Heh, this article is certainly getting more 'concise' daily. Would I be amiss if I just edit it down to, "FC is a website." ?

It really irks me that the Something Awful article talks about the SA forum being "Influential on the Internet" and having "helped to perpetuate several Internet phenomena."

FC easily had a greater impact on the web community, whatever you thought of it's patron's moral fiber. The "cleaning up" of this article is disgusting. Endaira 02:09, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

the editing of this page has been completely irresponsible
it has been edited to remove any mention of the message board which was the component that drove most of the traffic... it also was a vibrant community, that was dispersed when the board was shut down. it's appalling to call this a legitimate accurate portrayal of the web site if this is not discussed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.222.183.75 (talk) 22:52, 9 February 2007 (UTC).

Pud's current status, AdBrite, Ilona, etc.
I think that Pud's Wiki article should be updated to be current, including his www.pud.com website, his relationship with Ilona, AdBrite issues, etc.

Pud should comment here, or on www.pud.com
It's the least Pud can do. Everyone who was an FC "regular" still would like "closure".

This is a travesty!
I participated on several of the FuckedCompany message boards for years, and from looking at the current wiki page, it's like that never happened. How did this propagandistic deletion of history occur? What's the point of having a wiki on a topic if some biased interests are able to erase the history so easily? Reversion to earlier, information-full versions of this page should happen IMMEDIATELY! Once the information is suitably dense, then and only then should this topic be LOCKED, since Kaplan took the page down. Peahippo 21:52, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

YOU ARE ALL JERKS! :mad:

Hey guys, I'm really sorry I closed down the board. I opened it back up. Could you all please come back now? -Pud —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.255.134.31 (talk) 18:42, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

The link
Please stop reinserting it as it fails WP:ELNO points 4 and 13. It is not the official "Fucked Company" website so it doesnt get the free pass for inclusion that the defunct site gets. Promotional linkage is not allowed on Wikipedia and off site canvassing (yes, I've seen it) is also not allowed.  Them From  Space  19:20, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Any idea who owns this site? Whois says it's hiding behind a "RespectMyPrivacy" service so it's hard to tell if it has any connection to the original FC or its owners. K7L (talk) 16:01, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fucked Company


text:
Federation of Damanhur

The Federation of Damanhur, often called simply Damanhur, is a commune, ecovillage, and spiritual community situated in the Piedmont region of northern Italy about 50 km north of the city of Turin. It is located in the foothills of the Alps in the Chiusella Valley, bordering on the Gran Paradiso National Park. The community has its own constitution and currency, the Credito.

Damanhur is named after the Egyptian city of Damanhur which was the site of a temple dedicated to Horus.

It was founded in 1975 by Oberto Airaudi with around 24 followers, and by 2000 the number had grown to 800.

Damanhur's supporters claim the growth and activity of the community has revitalized the local area.

The Federation of Damanhur has centers in Europe, America, and Japan.

The Temples of Humankind are a collection of subterranean temples built by the Federation of Damanhur, and they are some of the largest underground temples in the world.

Life at Damanhur

The constitution began with 3 bodies of Damanhur: The School of Meditation (ritual tradition) Social (social theory, social realization) and The Game of Life (experimentation and dynamics, life as a game, change). A fourth body was recently added, Technarcate (individual inner refinement).

Citizens participate in one of 4 levels, depending on their desired involvement: A, B, C, or D. Class A citizens share all resources and live on site full-time. Class B citizens contribute to financial goals and live on site a minimum of 3 days a week. Class C and D citizens live anywhere. (page 102, Merrifield, 2006) Class A & B citizens participate fully in The School of Meditation, Social, and the Game of Life. Class C citizens participate fully in The School of Meditation.

Citizens participate in one of several ways, depending on their personal nature. Ways include the Way of the Oracle, the Way of the Monk, the Way of the Knight, the Way of Health, the Way of the Word, the Way of Art & Work, and many others. Most citizens live in houses of 10-20 people each, federated together into the Federation of Damanhur.

Marriage works on a renewal basis, for a period of so many years before renewal. Conception is timed for auspicious birthdays of children.

From 1983 onwards, members have assumed animal names (Sparrow, Prawn, Mole, etc.).

Controversy
Since May 2009, a website called Damanhur Inside Out has hosted anonymous testimonials from people claiming to be ex-members of the Damanhur community, and articles relating to legal controversy around the Foundation and its founder. In the 2007 assessment of Patrizia Santovecchi, the President of the National Psychological Abuses Observatory (Osservatorio Nazionale Abusi Psicologici, O.N.A.P.), Damanhur shares characteristics typical of psychologically abusive cults. These characteristics include barriers to leaving freely, siege syndrome, in which outsiders are portrayed as enemies constituted by negative energies; suppression of criticism, imposition of obedience, estrangement from family members, depersonalization, and submission to the will of the guru. A 2018 analysis of interviews with ex-members echoed these themes, showing that their process of disillusionment with and departure from the community usually took several years and could be "torturous". Damanhur have publicly responded to criticism by describing themselves as an "ethical cult". Academics have noted that Damanhur has undergone changes since the death of the founder in 2013, and become more outward-facing. Websites have become an important means by which the Foundation is "advertising and legitimizing" itself as an 'Exemplary Utopia'.

title: Federation of Damanhur