text:
William Nugent Glascock

William Nugent Glascock (c. 1787– 9 October 1847) was an Irish officer in the Royal Navy and a novelist. He saw service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and later in the years of relative peace.

Early life
Glascock was born about 1787 in Baltinglass, County Wicklow, and joined the navy in January 1800, serving aboard the frigate HMS Glenmore (1796) under Captain George Duff. In January 1801 Duff transferred to the 74-gun third rate ship of the line HMS Courageaux (1800) and took Glascock with him. Glascock spent the next few years with Duff seeing service in the Baltic, off the coast of Ireland and in the West Indies. In 1803 he was appointed to the newly built 74-gun HMS Colossus (1803) and afterwards to the 90-gun HMS Barfleur (1768), in which he took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805, and later in the blockade of Brest under Admiral William Cornwallis. In November 1808 he was promoted to lieutenant of HMS Dannemark, and served in her at the reduction of Flushing in August 1809. In 1812 he was a lieutenant of the 74-gun HMS Clarence (1812) in the Bay of Biscay.

Post-war and first commands
Glascock afterwards served in a number of frigates on the home station, successively HMS Tiber, HMS Madagascar (1811), and HMS Maeander (1813), and in the 32-gun HMS Sir Francis Drake, flagship of Sir Charles Hamilton on the Newfoundland Station. He was promoted from her to the command of the sloop HMS Carnation (1813) in November 1818. In 1819 he commanded the brig HMS Drake (1808), from which he was obliged to resign as an invalid. In 1830 Glascock was appointed to the sloop HMS Orestes (1824), which he commanded on the home station during 1831, but in 1832 he was sent to the coast of Portugal, and during the latter months of the year was stationed in the Douro, for the protection of British interests in the disturbed state of the country during the Liberal Wars.

Glascock continued in the Douro, as senior officer, for nearly a year, during which time his conduct under troublesome and often difficult circumstances won for him the approval of the Admiralty and promotion to post-rank, on 3 June 1833, accompanied by a special and complimentary letter from Sir James Graham, the first lord. He did not, however, leave the Douro until the following September, and on 1 October he paid off the Orestes. From April 1843 to January 1847 he commanded the frigate HMS Tyne (1826) on the Mediterranean station, and during the following months was employed in Ireland as an inspector under the Poor Relief Act. He died suddenly on 8 October 1847 at Baltinglass. He was married and left children.

Writing career
Glascock devoted the long intervals of half-pay, both as commander and captain, to writing, and produced several volumes of naval novels, anecdotes, reminiscences, and reflections. His biographer in the Dictionary of National Biography, J. K. Laughton remarked that "as novels, [they] are stupid enough, and in their historical parts have little value, but are occasionally interesting as social sketches of naval life in the early part of the century."

Glascock wrote a two-volume work, The Naval Sketch Book, or The Service Afloat and Ashore, published in 1826. This was followed by the three-volume Sailors and Saints, or Matrimonial Manœuvres in 1829, Tales of a Tar, with Characteristic Anecdotes in 1836, and the three-volume Land Sharks and Sea Gulls in 1838. He also wrote a two-volume work entitled Naval Service, or Officers' Manual, published in 1836. This useful manual for young officers passed through four editions in England. The last, published in 1859, had a short advertisement by Glascock's daughter, stating that "the work has been translated into French, Russian, Swedish, and Turkish, and adopted by the navies of those powers, as well as by that of the United States." Laughton remarked that the work was "of course, quite obsolete, though still interesting to the student of naval history and customs."

title: William Nugent Glascock


text:
Cerebral angiography

Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. It was pioneered in 1927 by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, who also helped develop thorotrast for use in the procedure.

Typically a catheter is inserted into a large artery (such as the femoral artery) and threaded through the circulatory system to the carotid artery, where a contrast agent is injected. A series of radiographs are taken as the contrast agent spreads through the brain's arterial system, then a second series as it reaches the venous system.

For some applications cerebral angiography may yield better images than less invasive methods such as computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. In addition, cerebral angiography allows certain treatments to be performed immediately, based on its findings. In recent decades, cerebral angiography has so assumed a therapeutic connotation thanks to the elaboration of endovascular therapeutic techniques. Embolization (a minimally invasive surgical technique) over time has played an increasingly significant role in the multimodal treatment of cerebral MAVs, facilitating subsequent microsurgical or radiosurgical treatment. Another type of treatment possible by angiography (if the images reveal an aneurysm) is the introduction of metal coils through the catheter already in place and maneuvered to the site of aneurysm; over time these coils encourage formation of connective tissue at the site, strengthening the vessel walls.

In some jurisdictions, cerebral angiography is required to confirm brain death.

Prior to the advent of modern neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and CT in the mid-1970s, cerebral angiographies were frequently employed as a tool to infer the existence and location of certain kinds of lesions and hematomas by looking for secondary vascular displacement caused by the mass effect related to these medical conditions. This use of angiography as an indirect assessment tool is nowadays obsolete as modern non-invasive diagnostic methods are available to image many kinds of primary intracranial abnormalities directly. It is still widely used however for evaluating various types of vascular pathologies within the skull.

Uses
Cerebral angiography is used for diagnosis but may be followed by treatment procedures in the same setting. Cerebral angiography is used to image various intracranial (within the head) or extracranial (outside the head) diseases.

Intracranial diseases are: non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage, non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, stroke, cerebral vasospasm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation (for Spetzler-Martin grading and plan for intervention), dural arteriovenous fistula, embolisation of brain tumours such as meningioma, cavernous sinus haemangioma, for Wada test, and to obtain haemodynamics of cerebral blood flow such as cross flow, circulation time, and collateral flow.

Extracranial diseases are: Subclavian steal syndrome, rupture of the carotid artery, carotid artery stenosis, cervical spine trauma, epistaxis (nose bleeding) and plan for embolisation of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma before operation.

Although computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been used widely in evaluation of intracranial disease, cerebral angiography provides higher resolution on the conditions of blood vessel lumens and vasculature. Cerebral angiography is also the standard of detecting intracranial aneurysm and evaluating the feasibility of endovascular coiling. Performing a cerebral angiogram by gaining access through the femoral artery or radial artery is feasible in order to treat cerebral aneurysms with a number of devices

Certain conditions such as contrast allergy, renal insufficiency, and coagulation disorders are contraindicated in this procedure.

Technique
Before the procedure, focused history and neurological examination is performed, available imaging, and blood parameters are reviewed. When reviewing imaging, arch anatomy and variants are evaluated to select suitable catheters to assess the vessels. Complete blood count is reviewed to ensure adequate amount of haemoglobin in subject's body, and to rule out the presence of sepsis. Serum creatinine is assessed to rule out renal dysfunction. Meanwhile, prothrombin time is assessed to rule out coagulopathy. Informed consent regarding the risks of the procedure is taken. Anticoagulants are withheld if possible. Fasting is required 6 hours before the procedure and insulin requirement is reduced by half for those diabetics who are fasting. Bilateral groins (for femoral artery access) and left arm/forearm (for brachial artery/radial artery access) are prepared. Neurological status of the patient before sedation or anesthesia is recorded.

Sedation drug such as intravenous midazolam and painkiller such as fentanyl can be used if the subject is restless or painful. The subject is then lie down on supine position with arm at the sides. Uncooperative subjects may have their forehead tapped to reduce motion. The subject is advised to stay as still as possible especially when fluoroscopy images are taken. The subject is also advised to avoid swallowing when images of neck are taken. These measures are taken to reduce motion artifact in the images.

Right common femoral artery (RFA) is the preferred site of access. If RFA access is not optimal, then brachial artery access is chosen. Either a micropuncture system or an 18G access needle can be used with or without ultrasound guidance. There are four types of catheters that can be used: angled vertebral catheter for usual cases, Judkins right coronary catheter (Terumo) for tourtous vessels, Simmons's catheter and Mani's head hunter catheter (Terumo) for extremely tortous vessels. A 5Fr sheath is also placed within and flushed with heparinised saline to prevent clotting around the sheath. In terms of guidewire, Terumo hydrophilic Glidewire 0.035 inches can be used.

To prevent embolism (either due to blood clot or air embolism, "double flush" and "wet connect" techniques are used. In "double flush" technique, a saline syringe is used to aspirate blood from the catheter. Then, a second heparinised saline syringe is used to flush the catheter. "Wet connect" is the technique that connects syringe to a sheath without air bubbles within.

Digital subtraction angiography is the main technique of imaging the cerebral blood vessels. Catheter should be advanced over the guidewire. Rotating the catheter during advancement is also helpful. Roadmap (superimposing previous image on live fluoroscopic image) is used to advance catheters or guidewires before any vessel bifurcation can help to prevent vessel dissection. After the catheter is in position, guidewire is removed slowly with heparinised saline dripping into the catheter at the same time to prevent air embolism. Prior to contrast injection, backflow of the catheter should be established to ensure there is no wedging, dissection, or intracatheter clotting. During the catheterisation of vertebral artery, extra care should be taken to prevent vessel dissection or vasospasm. Delayed or incomplete contrast washout may indicate vasospasm or dissection.

Radiographic views
Cervical arch angiogram is taken if there is any suspicion of aortic arch narrowing, or any anatomical variants such as bovine arch (brachiocephalic trunk shares a common origin with left common carotid artery). If such abnormality is present, it results it difficulty in cannulation of the main branches of the aortic arch. The catheter of choice to cannulate this area is pigtail catheter with multiple side holes. Contrast injection rate of 20 to 25ml/sec is given with total volume of 40 to 50 ml of contrast. The frame rate of fluoroscopy is 4 to 6 frames per second. The image is taken in with the x-ray tube in left anterior oblique position.

To image the vessels of the neck such as common carotid, internal and external carotid arteries, AP, lateral, and 45 degrees bilateral oblique positions are taken. Contrast injection rate is 3 to 4 ml/sec with total volume of 7 to 9 ml. The frame rate of fluoroscopy is 3 to 4 frames/sec.

To image the anterior cerebral circulation such as internal and external carotid arteries and its branches, AP, Towne's and lateral views are taken. The petrous part of the temporal bone should be superimposed at the mid or lower orbits when taking the AP/Towne's view. Contrast injection rate is 6 to 7 ml/sec with total volume of contrast at 10 ml. The frame rate of fluoroscopy is 2 to 4 frames/sec. Neck extension can help to navigate into tortous cerival part of the internal carotid artery.

At the level of carotid bifurcation, AP and oblique images are taken. At the cavernous (C4) and ophthalmic segments (C6) of the internal carotid artery, Caldwell and lateral views are taken. At the supraclinoid segment (C5-clinoid, C6-ophthalmic, and C7-bifurcation to posterior communicating artery (PCOM) segments), AP view is used to access the terminal branches such as anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) while oblique view (25 to 35 degrees) is used to access the ACA, anterior communicating artery (ACOM), and MCA bifurcations. Lateral view is useful to visualise the PCOM while submentovertical view is useful to project ACOM above the nasal cavity, thus making it easier to access the anatomy of ACOM. Transorbital oblique view is useful to access the MCA anatomy.

The anatomy of external carotid artery is access via AP and lateral views.

To image the posterior circulation, such as vertebral and basilar arteries, AP, Towne's view, lateral projections near the back of the head and upper part of the neck is taken. In this case, petrous bone should be projected at the bottom or below the orbits to visualise the basilar artery and its branches in AP/Towne's view. The rate of injection is 3 to 5 ml/sec, for a total of 8ml. The fluoroscope will be catching images at a rate of 2 to 4 frames per second. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) can be seen in AP view. The left vertebral artery is easier to cannulate than the right vertebral because of the straightforward anatomy of the left vertebral artery.

Any activation of primary collateral system (ACOM and PCOM arteries) or secondary collateral system (pial-pial and leptomeningeal-dural) in case of occlusion of internal carotid artery should also be documented. Leptomeningeal collaterals or pial collaterals are the small arterial connections that join the terminal branches of ACAs, MCAs, and PCAs on the surface of the brain.

Post-procedural care
Manual compression or percutaneous closure device can be used to stop the bleeding from common femoral artery. Groin haematoma should be monitored during intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring. The puncture should be immobilised (to prevent movement) for 24 hours post puncture. Neurological examination should be performed and new neurological deficit should be documented. Significant neurological changes should be evaluated with MRI scan or a repeat cerebral angiography to rule out acute stroke or vessel dissection. Painkiller should be administered if there is any puncture site pain.

Complications
The most common complication is groin haematoma which occurs in 4% of those affected. Neurologic complications such as transient ischemic attack in 2.5% of the cases. There is also the risk of stroke with permanent neurological defect in 0.1% of the cases and may lead to death in 0.06%. Rarely, 0.3 to 1% of the cases experience cortical blindness from 3 minutes to 12 hours after the procedure. It is a condition where those affected experienced loss of vision with normal pupillary light reflex, and normal extraocular muscles movement. The condition can sometimes be accompanied by headaches, mental state changes, and memory losses.

Some risk factors of complications are if the subject is having subarachnoid haemorrhage, atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, frequent transient ischemic attacks, age more than 55 years, and poorly controlled diabetes. Besides, longer procedures, increased in number of catheter exchanges, and the use of larger size of catheters also increases the risk of complications.

History
In 1896, E. Haschek and O.T. Lindenthal in Vienna, Austria, reported angiography of blood vessels by taking a series of X-rays after injecting a mixture of petroleum, quicklime, and mercuric sulfide into the hand of a cadaver.

Cerebral angiography was first described by Egas Moniz, a Portuguese physician and politician, in 1927. He performed this procedure on six patients. Two developed Horner's syndrome due to leaking of contrast material around the carotid artery, one developed temporary aphasia, and another died due to thromboembolism to the anterior circulation of the brain.

Prior to the 1970s the typical technique involved a needle puncture directly into the carotid artery, as depicted in the 1973 horror film The Exorcist, which was replaced by the current method of threading a catheter from a distant artery due to common complications caused by trauma to the artery at the puncture site in the neck (particularly hematomas of the neck, with possible compromission of the airway).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cerebral angiography


text:
George Gleig (priest)

George Robert Gleig (20 April 1796 – 9 July 1888) was a Scottish soldier, military writer, and priest.

Life
Gleig was born in Stirling, Scotland. His parents were George Gleig (1753–1840, Bishop of Brechin from October 1808) and Janet, née Hamilton, youngest daughter of Robert Hamilton of Kilbrackmont. Gleig received his initial education at Stirling Grammar school.

On 21 June 1813, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington had his last major victory in Spain over the French, at the battle of Vitoria. One month later a young student of divinity, George Robert Gleig, gave up a scholarship to Balliol College to join Wellington's army as an Ensign in the 85th Light Infantry. His father, by then Bishop of Brechin, furnished him with £20, a substantial sum, though he notes that the rate at which he could buy readily exchangeable gold coins was poor — he had to pay 6s for every gold dollar, and £5 for a doubloon. On 7 October, Wellington crossed into France for the first time.

On 6 April 1814, Napoleon abdicated, though Wellington did not find out until 12 April. By then, on 10 April he had fought and won the decisive battle of the war at Toulouse. The young divinity student was then sent to the war against the United States, where he fought in five battles (Bladensburg, Baltimore, New Orleans, Washington and Fort Bayo) and was three times wounded; after peace broke out he resumed his scholarship at Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1816.

Gleig married Sarah Cameron in 1819, while at Oxford. She was a daughter of Captain Cameron the younger of Kinlochleven. Having taken his B.A. and M.A., the young Gleig took holy orders in 1820. He became curate of Westwell, Kent, and was later appointed to two additional parishes, as curate of Ash and as Rector of Ivychurch.

He wrote a series of articles for Blackwood's Magazine on his Peninsular War experiences; they were collected into a book, published in 1825 as The Subaltern. In 1821 he authored an account of his experiences in the USA as The Campaigns of the British Army at Washington and New Orleans under Generals Ross, Pakenham and Lambert. In 1829 he was invited to meet Wellington, and became a regular house-guest of the Duke. Gleig also wrote The Life of the Duke of Wellington; a revised edition was published by Longmans, Green & Co of London in 1890.

In 1832 George Robert Gleig, by then Chaplain to the Chelsea Hospital—the Chelsea pensioners—and a well-known author, mainly on military matters, publicly opposed the Reform Bill before Parliament.

Gleig had excellent relations with the Duke of Wellington, but that did not stop the Iron Duke from issuing a public reprimand in 1840 to Gleig for his plan to educate NCOs and private soldiers:

"By Jove! If there is a mutiny in the army – and in all probability we shall have one – you'll see that these new-fangled schoolmasters will be at the bottom of it."

Gleig was appointed Chaplain-General of the Forces in 1844, resigned 1875; from 1846 to 1857 he was Inspector-General of Military Schools. From 27 March 1848, he was a member of the Canterbury Association and joined the management committee, but resigned again on 25 November 1851.

Gleig was a frequent contributor to reviews and magazines, especially Blackwood's Magazine, in which his best-known novel, The Subaltern, appeared in installments. He was also the author of Lives of Warren Hastings, Robert Clive, and Wellington, Military Commanders, Chelsea Pensioners, and other works.

He died	at Stratfield Turgis, Hampshire in 1888.

Fiction

 * The Strangers Grave. 1823. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Browne and Green. viii+306pp. Although previously attributed to Thomas De Quincey or Henry Villiers, Gleig's authorship of this work was proven beyond doubt by recent scholarship into Longman's archives.
 * The Subaltern. 1825. Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T. Cadell. iv+380pp.
 * The Chelsea Pensioners. 1829. Colburn. 3 volumes.
 * The Country Curate. 1830. Colburn & Bentley. 2 volumes. iv+334pp, ii+354pp.
 * Allan Breck. 1834. London : R. Bentley. 3 volumes. iv+324pp, ii+340pp, ii+324pp.
 * The Chronicles of Waltham. 1835. London : R. Bentley. 3 volumes. vii+320pp, iv+328pp, iv+380pp.
 * The Hussar. 1837. Colburn. 2 volumes. viii+304pp, ii+308pp.
 * Chelsea Hospital and its traditions. 1838. London : R. Bentley. 3 volumes. xii+308pp, iv+344pp, iv+296pp.
 * The Veterans of Chelsea Hospital. 1838. London : R. Bentley. 3 volumes. iv+264pp, ii+284pp, ii+392pp.
 * The Light Dragoon. 1844. Colburn. 2 volumes. viii+310pp, ii+324pp.
 * A Glimpse of Oriental Nature. Pictures with verses by a Lady. With Preface, by G.R. Gleig 1865. Dean and Son.
 * The Harrises, being an extract from the commonplace-book of Alexander Smith, the Elder. 1870. London: : Wm. H. Allen & Co Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. 3 volumes. viii+338pp,vi+368pp, vi+386pp.

Miscellaneous works

 * A history of the Holy Bible, from the beginning of the world to the establishment of Christianity; with answers to infidel objections .. and a connection of the profane with the sacred writings. By the Rev. Thomas Stackhouse .. The whole corrected and improved .. by The Right Rev. George Gleig 1817. London : printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; 3 volumes. 12mo.
 * A narrative of the campaigns of the British army at Washington and New Orleans under Generals Ross, Pakenham, and Lambert, in the years 1814 and 1815. with some account of the countries visited. by an officer who served in the expedition 1821. London : Murray. 377pp.
 * Some observations on the constitution and tendency of the Church Missionary Society. 1824. London : Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. 138pp
 * The Subaltern's Log Book: including anecdotes of well known military characters. 1828.London : J. Ridgway. 2 volumes.
 * Sermons, doctrinal and practical. 1829. London : John Murray. ix+309pp.
 * The life of Major-General Sir Thomas Munro, Bart. and K.C.B., late Governor of Madras. With extracts from his correspondence and private papers. 1830 London : H. Colbrn and R. Bentley. 3 volumes. xxii+520pp, iv+454pp, viii+437pp.
 * The history of the British Empire in India. 1830-1835. London : Murray 4 volumes
 * Lives of the most eminent British military commanders. 1831-1832 London : Longman. 3 volumes. 359pp, 359pp, 376pp.
 * A Guide to the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. 1835. London : Printed for J.G. & F. Rivington. v+164pp.
 * The Soldier's Help to the knowledge of divine truth: a series of discourses, delivered in the Chapel of the Royal Military Hospital, Chelsea 1835. London : Printed for J.G. & F. Rivington. xx+387pp.
 * The family history of England 1836. London: John W. Parker. 3 volumes. Vol 1 1836. x+360pp+8pp of approved books for the society for promotion of Christian knowledge. Vol 2 - vi+368pp+8pp of approved books for the society for promotion of Christian knowledge. 8vo.
 * Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary, visited in 1837. 1839 London:John W Parker. 3 volumes xvi+324pp, iv+415pp, iv+408pp.
 * The life of Oliver Cromwell. 1840. Charles Lane, Sanbornton, NH.191pp.
 * Memoirs of the life of The Right Hon. Warren Hastings, first Governor-General of Bengal. Compiled from original papers. 1841. London : Richard Bentley. 3 volumes. xvi+544pp, iv+591pp, iv+546pp.
 * A Memoir of the late Major-General Robert Craufurd, reprinted from the Military Panorama of October 1812. With an account of his funeral, by the author of "The Subaltern" 1842 Private impression: London. 32pp
 * Sermons for the seasons of Advent, Christmas, and the Epiphany. 1844. London. G.W.Nickisson. vi+279pp.
 * A sketch of the military history of Great Britain. 1845. London .London, J. W. Parker. 16mo. viii+304pp..
 * Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan, with an account of the seizure and defence of Jellalabad. 1846. London: Murray. Green cloth. 182pp.
 * Story of the Battle of Waterloo. 1847 John Murray: London. ix+428pp
 * The life of Robert, first Lord Clive. 1848 London : J. Murray. vi+314pp.
 * History of the British Colonies. 1850 London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. vii+151pp
 * Sacred history. 1851. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. School Series. Issued in 2 separate parts, but numbered to make one bound volume. vii+148pp, vi+(149-320)pp.
 * The Leipsic Campaign. 1852. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. viii+128pp, 129-262pp.
 * Religion in the Ranks; or, letters from soldiers in the British Army: [edited, and] with an introduction by the Chaplain-General of the Army (G. R. G.), and preface by the Chaplain of the Forces, Dublin (W. Hare). 1856 London: The Religious Tract Society.104pp
 * India and its army. An essay. 1857. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Roberts. xvi+39pp.
 * Story of the Peninsular War. By the late Marquis of Londonderry .With continuation by G.R. Gleig. 1857. London : James Blackwood. xii+324pp.
 * Essays biographical, historical, and miscellaneous; contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews. 1858 . London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts. 2 volumes. xii+467pp, iv+531pp.
 * Book of biography. 1860. London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts. vi+113pp.
 * History of the Life of Arthur, Duke of Wellington. From the French of M. Brialmont. With emendations and additions by the Rev. G. R. Gleig. 1858-1860. Longman & Co.: London, 4 volumes. After the translation of this volume, Gleig published his own life, based on these volumes - 'The life of Arthur, first duke of Wellington'. 1862. London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts xii+727pp. Original 4 vols translation,
 * The Soldier's Manual of Devotion. 1862. London: The Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. 48pp.
 * ''C. Werner's Jerusalem, Bethlehem and the Holy Places: with descriptive letterpress. 1865 Pt. 1-6. London: Moors, Mcqueen & Co. 48pp+18 boards with 18 watercolour illustrations by Werner. Letterpress by Gleig.
 * The Church in the army. With a resume of the recent 'Address' of the chaplain-general. 1868
 * The life of Sir Walter Scott. Reprinted with corrections and additions from the Quarterly Review. 1871. Edinburgh : A & C. Black. viii+134pp

As editor
These 2 books are curiosities. In the first Gleig explains he is putting his name to the book to help the young author achieve recognition she deserves. In the second, the author has died, obviously soon after the first book has been published and Gleig has put his name to the posthumous work, which otherwise would not have been published. Of the author Harriette Campbell, we know very little as Gleig refuses to tell. He promised a work on her life but this was never forthcoming. The author also had another novel 'Cardinal Virtues', posthumously printed by J.W. Parker in 1841, but Gleig had no connection with this work.

 * The Only Daughter; a domestic story. 1839. London: : Henry Colburn. 3 volumes. ix+308pp, ii+296pp, ii+271pp.In the introduction, Gleig explains why he is putting his name to a book which is not written by himself.
 * Self-Devotion, or The history of Katherine Randolph. 1842 Henry Colburn: London. 3 volumes. viii+284pp, iv+285pp, ii+293pp. Gleig explains briefly in a preface why he is producing another of Miss Campbell's books under his own name.

title: George Gleig (priest)


text:
The Kidnap Murder Case

The Kidnap Murder Case is a 1936 murder mystery novel by S. S. Van Dine, the tenth of twelve books featuring fictional detective Philo Vance.

Plot summary
A member of the wealthy Kenting family is kidnapped, and Philo Vance's suspicions lead him to the victim's home, the "Purple House" on New York's 86th Street. A mysterious ransom note and the family collection of gems both play a part in the plot, which ends with the murderer's suicide with the connivance of Vance. "To be sure, the motive for the crime, or, I should say, crimes, was the sordid one of monetary gain ... through Vance's determination and fearlessness, through his keen insight into human nature and his amazing flair for the ramifications of human psychology, he was able to penetrate beyond the seemingly conclusive manifestations of the case."

Literary significance and criticism
Crime novelist and critic Julian Symons wrote, "The decline in the last six Vance books is so steep that the critic who called the ninth of them one more stitch in his literary shroud was not overstating the case."

title: The Kidnap Murder Case


text:
William Glen (poet)

William Glen (14 November 1789 – December 1826), Scottish poet, born in Glasgow, was for some years in the West Indies. He died in poverty. He wrote several poems, but the only one which has survived is his Jacobite ballad, Wae's me for Prince Charlie.

title: William Glen (poet)


text:
Talk:Michelozzo

Untitled
A web search shows the following counts:

 * Michelozzo - 2,140
 * Michelozzo Michelozzi - 167
 * Michelozzo di Bartolomeo - 180
 * Michelozzo di Bartolommeo - 146

so clearly the appropriate place for this article is under plain Michelozzo. In addition, numerous major reference books I have (e.g. "Palaces of Florence", which highlights his Palazzo Medici) refer to him only as "Michelozzo". Noel 02:55, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I've seen some sources that claim that "Michelozzo Michelozzi" is incorrect. Anyone know the definite word on this? Noel 02:55, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Michelozzo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120118041428/http://www.croazia-turismo.it/dalmazia/stagno/cosa_visitare.html to http://www.croazia-turismo.it/dalmazia/stagno/cosa_visitare.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:46, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michelozzo


text:
Mary Godwin

Mary Godwin may refer to:
 * Mary Godwin (artist) (1887–1960), British artist
 * Mary Jane Godwin, English author, publisher, and bookseller
 * Mary Wollstonecraft, wife of William Godwin
 * Mary Shelley, daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley

title: Mary Godwin


text:
Category:Radio stations in Oklahoma

Radio stations in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

title: Category:Radio stations in Oklahoma


text:
The Gracie Allen Murder Case

The Gracie Allen Murder Case (1938) (also published as The Scent of Murder) is the eleventh of twelve detective novels by S. S. Van Dine featuring his famous fictional detective of the 1920s and 1930s, Philo Vance. It also features the zany half of the Burns and Allen comedy team. It is in some ways a roman à clef, including not just Burns and Allen but also such characters as Gracie's mother and brother. (George Burns, after all, has described the couple's act as, "All I had to do was ask, 'Gracie, how's your brother?' and she talked for 38 years.") That gave the book an unusual feel, as did the comic tone of much of Gracie's dialogue. This tone suddenly shifts in a later chapter to one character's philosophically anguished speculations, and then back again to Gracie.

Literary significance and criticism
For some readers the whole thing works oddly wonderfully, and shows S. S. Van Dine's skill at combining his traditional approach with some unusual forms. Other readers found this book both disconcerting and disappointing. It did not enjoy anything near the commercial success of Van Dine's earlier novels (or his prime character, when Philo Vance himself was developed into a classic radio show), and most critics considered it a failure.

Those critics might have agreed with the protagonist herself. In classic Gracie style, when Van Dine was working on the novel, Allen quipped, "S.S. Van Dine is silly to spend six months writing a novel when you can buy one for two dollars and ninety-eight cents."

Crime novelist and critic Julian Symons wrote, "The decline in the last six Vance books is so steep that the critic who called the ninth of them one more stitch in his literary shroud was not overstating the case."

Film adaptation
The novel was adapted into a 1939 film starring Gracie Allen (who received billing above Warren William's portrayal of Philo Vance) which was fairly faithful to the novel. The action stops in the first third when Gracie sings a song that at first seems to be her attempt to sing the first lines of a number of popular songs, each to the tune of another—a novelty song. The film focuses more on her humor than the murder plot, and Philo Vance, whom Gracie keeps calling "Fido" in the film, is relegated to a decidedly secondary role.

title: The Gracie Allen Murder Case


text:
Category:Radio stations in South Carolina

This category is for AM and FM broadcast radio stations in the U.S. state of South Carolina.


text:
The Winter Murder Case

The Winter Murder Case (1939) is a Philo Vance novella that S. S. Van Dine intended to expand into his twelfth full-length book, a project cut short by his death. The Winter Murder Case seems especially similar to the B mystery movies of the 1930s, a cross between Van Dine's usual style and the film style. It was intended as a vehicle for Sonja Henie.

Van Dine's last two books were intended as Hollywood scenarios. Both are shorter than Van Dine's typical novels.

Literary significance and criticism
"The decline in the last six Vance books is so steep that the critic who called the ninth of them one more stitch in his literary shroud was not overstating the case." wrote Julian Symons in Bloody Murder.

"This is [Van Dine's] last work, left in an only semi-expanded outline form at the time of his death. Philo Vance is still the detective but the pseudo-scholarly footnotes are not in evidence nor is the pearl-handled telephone.  In fact, this short book is pleasant reading; add your own nostalgia if you wish.", according to Jacques Barzun and Wendell Hertig Taylor in A Catalogue of Crime.

title: The Winter Murder Case


text:
East Los Angeles Interchange

The East Los Angeles Interchange is an interchange complex located in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Downtown Los Angeles. With its southern portion handling over 550,000 vehicles per day (2008 AADT), it is the busiest freeway interchange in the world. The northern portion, called the San Bernardino Split, is often considered a separate interchange. Four numbered routes converge at the interchange: Interstate 5 (I-5), I-10, U.S. Route 101 (US 101), and State Route 60 (SR 60), but the freeway segments shift alignments and directions.

The interchange was named the Eugene A. Obregon Memorial Interchange to honor U.S. Marine Corps member and Medal of Honor recipient Eugene A. Obregon.

Description
At the time of its construction in the early 1960s, the East Los Angeles Interchange was considered a civil engineering marvel. Located along the east bank of the Los Angeles River in the Los Angeles district of Boyle Heights, east of Downtown Los Angeles, the interchange comprises six freeway segments; that is, there are six freeway paths of travel into the complex. The actual number of numbered highways intersecting at this interchange is four:

The interchange is so complex because the intersecting freeways shift alignments and directions:
 * I-5 (originally US 101) enters the complex from the south as the Santa Ana Freeway, but exits to the north as the Golden State Freeway. The Santa Ana Freeway continues west as US 101 toward the Four Level Interchange (Bill Keene Memorial Interchange) in downtown Los Angeles.
 * I-10 (originally US 70 "Ramona Freeway" [sic] / US 60) is not contiguous through the interchange. Heading west into the complex on the San Bernardino Freeway (I-10), the trunk road heads to US 101 at the San Bernardino Split. In order to follow the I-10 alignment, one must exit the trunk road and follow a connector that merges with the alignment of southbound I-5, then exit that trunk and follow another connector to the Santa Monica Freeway (I-10).
 * Heading west into the complex on the Pomona Freeway (SR 60), the primary road (or trunk) heads into the Santa Monica Freeway (I-10).

There is not complete freedom of movement within the interchange. Traffic flowing into it on certain freeways cannot leave it on all of the others.
 * There is no direct connector from the westbound Pomona Freeway (SR 60) to the southbound Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) (and vice versa); travelers wanting to make this transition must exit at the Pomona Freeway's interchange with the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) located 3 mi to the east, head south, and then transition to the Santa Ana Freeway at the interchange between those two freeways.
 * There is no direct connector from the southbound Santa Ana Freeway (US 101) to the northbound Golden State Freeway (I-5) (and vice versa); travelers wanting to make this transition must exit at the Four Level Interchange with the Arroyo Seco Parkway (SR 110, northeast from this interchange) located 3 mi to the west, head northeast, and then transition to the Golden State Freeway at the interchange between those two freeways.
 * There is no direct connector from the southbound Santa Ana Freeway (US 101) to the westbound Santa Monica Freeway (I-10) (and vice versa); travelers wanting to make this transition must exit at the Four Level Interchange with the Harbor Freeway (SR 110, southwest from this interchange) located 3 mi to the west, head southwest, and then transition to the Santa Monica Freeway at the Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange.

Further complication is caused by the varying designs of each intersecting freeway and their related transition roads. Some have four lanes and are relatively straight and wide, while others have one lane, are narrow, or have curves with tighter radii or cambers. Traffic congestion is thus exacerbated as vehicles moving at high speed on the wider transition roads try to merge with slower moving vehicles coming from the narrow transition roads.

History
Construction of the 135 acre freeway interchange began in 1961. The vastness of the structure and the complexity of its many routes called for a $17,000 blueprint model of the highway. It has thirty-two bridges and twenty walls with 1,500,000 cuyd of earth being excavated. The project laid 23,545 feet of concrete pipe, used 4,200,000 cuyd of concrete and 13,200,000 lb of reinforcing and structural steel.

In popular culture
Although not commonly called such by residents and other reporters, the freeway intersection was often called "Malfunction Junction" by former KNX traffic reporter Bill Keene, because of its complicated interchange structure. The interchange has also been referred to as "The Beast" L.A. Interchange and the "East Delay" Interchange, names attributed to KNX's Jim Thornton, as well as the "Nickel/Dime" during traffic reports.

title: East Los Angeles Interchange


text:
Category:Radio stations in South Dakota

Radio stations in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

title: Category:Radio stations in South Dakota


text:
Dale Messick

Dalia Messick (April 11, 1906 – April 5, 2005) was an American comic strip artist who used the pseudonym Dale Messick. She was the creator of Brenda Starr, Reporter, which at its peak during the 1950s ran in 250 newspapers.

Early life
Messick was born in South Bend, Indiana, on April 11, 1906. Her father, Cephas Messick, was a sign painter and vocational arts teacher. Her mother Bertha was a milliner and seamstress; her work inspired some of the glamorous hats used in the Brenda Starr strip. After her family moved to Hobart, Indiana, Messick, who repeated third and eighth grades, attended Hobart High School, earning her diploma at age 20. She studied for one summer at the Ray Commercial Art School in Chicago, but left to begin a career as a professional artist.

Greeting cards
Messick began working for a Chicago greeting card company and was successful but quit when her boss lowered her pay during the Great Depression. In 1933, she moved to New York City where she found work with another greeting card company at a higher salary, $50 a week, sending nearly half of it back to her family in Indiana. She recalled, "I had $30 a week to live it up. You could walk down 42nd Street and have bacon and eggs and toast and coffee and hash brown potatoes and orange juice—the works—for 25 cents."

Comic strips
She began assembling a portfolio of comic strip samples. Messick was not the first female comic strip creator; Nell Brinkley, Gladys Parker and Edwina Dumm had all achieved success in the field, but there was still a bias against women. Messick decided to change her first name to the androgynous "Dale" so her work would be seen by editors. She created a variety of comic strips (Weegee, Mimi the Mermaid, Peg and Pudy, the Struglettes, Streamline Babies), but none was selected for publication.

Brenda Starr, Reporter
Messick created the character of Brenda Starr in 1940, naming it after 1930s debutante Brenda Frazier, and basing her appearance on Rita Hayworth. Messick wanted to produce a strip with a female protagonist; she decided a career as a reporter would allow her character to travel and have adventures, albeit adventures more glamorous than those actually experienced by most reporters. She said in a 1986 article in the San Francisco Chronicle, "I used to get letters from girl reporters saying that their lives were nowhere near as exciting as Brenda's. I told them that if I made Brenda's life like theirs, nobody would read it."

Her break came when she came to the attention of another woman, Mollie Slott, who worked as a "girl Friday" for New York Daily News publisher (and syndicate head) Joseph Medill Patterson. Patterson, reputedly biased against female cartoonists, would not sign her up for daily publication in the News, but he accepted Brenda Starr, Reporter for syndication as a Sunday comic, and it made its debut on June 30, 1940. The strip was an immediate success, since the mix of adventure and romance was popular with both male and female readers. By 1945, the strip was syndicated nationally and published daily.

Messick stopped drawing the strip in 1980 and ended her role writing the script two years later. Ramona Fradon (artist) and Linda Sutter (writer) took over production of the strip. Mary Schmich took over as writer in 1985, and June Brigman as artist in 1995. The final strip was published on January 2, 2011. Messick was not impressed with her successors' versions of Starr, according to a 1998 quote in the Sonoma County Independent: "Now it doesn't look like Brenda at all. She looks more like she works at a bank. No glamour, no curves, no fashion — but it's still going pretty good.".

Other endeavors
Messick worked on other comic strips, but none achieved the success of Brenda Starr, Reporter. The only other strip which she worked on which is generally remembered was Perry Mason, which she illustrated.

On April 24, 1955, she appeared on What's My Line? After Dorothy Kilgallen correctly identified her as a comic strip artist, the panel was given a full description of her real name, professional name and job as "illustrator" of Brenda Starr, Reporter.

On May 5, 1960, Messick appeared as a contestant on To Tell the Truth. None of the panelists correctly identified her.

Accolades
In 1995, Brenda Starr, Reporter was one of 20 comic strips honored by a series of United States postage stamps; Messick was the only living creator. She received the National Cartoonists Society's Story Comic Book Award for 1975 and their Milton Caniff Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997 for her work on Brenda Starr, Reporter. Messick was inducted into the Friends of Lulu Women Cartoonists Hall of Fame in 1998. She was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2001; she and Marie Severin were the first women to be so inducted.

Personal life
Messick was married twice. With first husband, Everette George Soltmann, she had one child, a daughter named Starr. Messick later married attorney Oscar Strom. Both marriages ended in divorce.

Following her retirement from Brenda Starr, Reporter, Messick moved to Oakmont, California, to be near her daughter and grandchildren. She continued to work, creating a strip, Granny Glamour, which ran in Oakmont Gardens Magazine, a local weekly magazine. It ended after she had a stroke in 1998 and could no longer draw. At the time of her death, she was being cared for by her daughter in Penngrove, Sonoma County, California.

Messick died on April 5, 2005, aged 98, in Sonoma County, California.

title: Dale Messick


text:
Category:Radio stations in Texas

Radio stations in the U.S. state of Texas.

title: Category:Radio stations in Texas


text: File:Dave Matthews Band - Busted Stuff.jpg


text:
User:Jovrtn/Sandbox

=[

title: User:Jovrtn/Sandbox


text:
User talk:Miyako

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Whosyourjudas (talk) 03:04, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Decapodian
Decapodian, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Decapodian satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Decapodian and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Decapodian during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Judgesurreal777 (talk) 01:57, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of Hill jumping for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Hill jumping is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Hill jumping until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Selket Talk 01:57, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Miyako


text:
Going to California

"Going to California" is a ballad recorded by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was released on their untitled fourth album in 1971.

In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked "Going to California" number 11 on their list of the 40 greatest Led Zeppelin songs of all time.

Composition
"Going to California" is a folk-style song, with Robert Plant on vocal, acoustic guitar by Jimmy Page and mandolin by John Paul Jones. Page uses an alternative guitar tuning (D–A–D–G–B–D or double drop D tuning) for the recording.

The song started out as a song about Californian earthquakes and when Jimmy Page, audio engineer Andy Johns and band manager Peter Grant travelled to Los Angeles to mix Led Zeppelin IV, they coincidentally experienced a minor earthquake. At this point it was known as "Guide to California".

According to music writer Nick DeRiso, Joni Mitchell also inspired the song: "Plant makes a clear reference to 'I Had a King', the opening song from Mitchell's debut album, 1968's Song to a Seagull: 'To find a queen without a king', he quietly offers in the final verse. 'They say she plays guitar, cries and sings. In an interview for Spin magazine, Plant admitted that it "might be a bit embarrassing at times lyrically, but it did sum up a period of my life when I was 22."

Performances
At Led Zeppelin concerts the band performed this song during their acoustic sets, first playing it on their Spring 1971 tour of the United Kingdom. One live version, from Led Zeppelin's performance at Earls Court in 1975, is featured on disc 2 of the Led Zeppelin DVD and again on the Mothership DVD. The song was also performed at all shows on Led Zeppelin's mammoth 1977 US tour.

It was performed on Plant's solo tours during 1988/1989 and at the Knebworth Silver Clef show in 1990. He played it again on his Mighty ReArranger tour, with additions of a double bass and a synthesiser.

Other versions
A different version of this song is featured on the second disc of the remastered 2CD deluxe edition of Led Zeppelin IV. Known as "Going to California (Mandolin/Guitar Mix)", it is an instrumental recorded on 29 January 1971, with the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio at Headley Grange with engineer Andy Johns.

Personnel
According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin:

 * Robert Plant – vocals
 * Jimmy Page – acoustic guitars (six-string and twelve-string)
 * John Paul Jones – mandolin

title: Going to California


text:
Category:Radio stations in Wisconsin

Radio stations in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

title: Category:Radio stations in Wisconsin


text:
Talk:Viewtiful Joe (video game)

Comment
Regarding my edit: only the Japanese release of the PlayStation 2 version is subtitled "A New Hope". Not the others. --138.238.96.101 03:06, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Camera
Hey wern't the camera options supposted to make fun of Masked Rider as is the rest, not the Matrix?
 * I thought they were making fun of just generic action movie special effects cliches in general. CaptainSpam actually remembered to sign it this time 20:43, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Slow Fast
While it isn't exactly important, you CAN use both Slow Mo and Mach Speed at the same time. It acts as a normal Slow Mo mode, but Joe (et al) runs a bit faster than normal. But, it's kinda not noteable unless someone else wants to throw it in. CaptainSpam actually remembered to sign it this time 20:43, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Slow+Mach is useful for running across the ground to hit more enemies while still in Rock-On. So I'd say it's viable. Not to mention the fact that the extra boost of speed can be great for dodging purposes.

Bit of a conflict going on - the page says Dee Bradley Baker as playing Joe, but another page lists Jason Marsden.

Is the one with Jason Marsden for Joe in the game or the anime? Unlike the Japanese dub of the anime, none of the original English cast were asked to return for the anime, possibly because of several changes that were made due to "suggestiveness." Dracokanji 13:25, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

It says here that Dante can one-hit kill Fire Leo and while this is copy+pasted on MANY sites, I don't see any factual information regarding Dante's ability to do this. His stinger move is the most powerful move in the game hands down, but can it one-hit kill Fire Leo? Anyone have any information regarding this?

WikiProject Viewtiful
The Viewtiful Joe pages, though well-written for the most part, are a little messy. There is a bit of misspelling and grammer that should be fixed, and considering the number of pages, there should be a VJ quick links section at the bottom of the pages, like the Zelda sections. If anyone supports this, let me know and we can start getting this worked out. Dracokanji 13:22, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Valid comment?
"Notably, Viewtiful Joe was one of the first games to use what is referred to in the game industry as 2.5D (as opposed to 2D or 3D). Though sprites are 2D, the levels themselves are 3D for an enhanced graphical look, though the game still plays like a 2D sidescroller game."

One of the first? Is this actually true? Doesn't Tomba for example count as a 2.5D game?AceWhatever 15:19, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

I believe Pandemonium was actually the first "2.5D" game. That appeared on Playstation in 1996, followed by Tomba and Klonoa: Door To Phantomile in 1997. This definitely needs editing or removing. TheCodfather 07:04, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

A-class assessment
Comment :The article is mostly good, but there's a dab link and two references are dead. GamerPro64 (talk) 20:26, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I've fixed the reference links. Which link is a dab? ~ Hibana (talk) 21:16, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

The Bionic Commando link. GamerPro64 (talk) 21:33, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The Bionic Commando link is part of the Capcom franchises template at the bottom. If I changed that link, it would change it for all articles using the template. How would I go about fixing that? ~ Hibana (talk) 01:48, 31 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I took care of the dab and I am now giving my Support. GamerPro64 (talk) 05:31, 31 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Also supporting - promoting to A-Class --Teancum (talk) 14:47, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Viewtiful Joe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090208093503/http://gamechoiceawards.com:80/archive/gdca_4th.htm to http://www.gamechoiceawards.com/archive/gdca_4th.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:58, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Viewtiful Joe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040612195606/http://bestof2003.ign.com/gcn_goty.html to http://bestof2003.ign.com/gcn_goty.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20051013055347/http://www.capcom.co.jp:80/vj/index.html to http://www.capcom.co.jp/vj/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:26, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Viewtiful Joe (video game)


text:
Alzada, Montana

Alzada (also known as Stoneville and Telegraph Point) is a census-designated place in southern Carter County, Montana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 29. It is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 212 with Montana Secondary Highways 323 and 326, near the Wyoming and South Dakota borders. The Little Missouri River flows northwards to the west of the community. Alzada is in the Mountain Time Zone.

History
Alzada was first established in 1878, by 9th U.S. Infantry soldiers as Camp Devin, on the Deadwood, Dakota Territory to Fort Keogh, Montana Territory telegraph line. It was called the Little Missouri River Telegraph Station, and manned by soldiers of the 7th U.S. Cavalry. Then it was named Stoneville, after the local bartender Lou Stone. It served as a stagecoach stop between Deadwood and Miles City, Montana. It was the site of a gun battle in 1884 between local authorities and rustlers known as the Axleby gang. The town's name was changed from Stoneville in 1885, because of confusion with another similarly named community. The name "Alzada" came from an early settler named Laura Alzada Shelden. Later settlers of the area were largely homesteaders.

In 1890, Private Peter Thompson, a 7th Cavalry survivor and recipient of the Medal of Honor for the Battle of the Little Bighorn, moved from Lead, Dakota Territory, with his brother William and homesteaded north of Alzada on the Little Missouri River at Nine Mile Creek.

Alzada was briefly in the news in September 1997, when a B-1 bomber crashed nearby.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Alzada has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

There is a weather station located in the nearby community of Albion.

title: Alzada, Montana


text: User talk:203.109.192.243

title: User talk:203.109.192.243


text:
The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best

The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best is a reality show for Fox Broadcasting Company's fall 2004 season.

Premise
The premise for the series was that billionaire Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, challenges 16 contestants to tasks that will prove to him which is most qualified to take over as president of Virgin. This format is strongly derivative of popular NBC reality show The Apprentice, though as well as business-related tasks it also incorporated many tough physical challenges, reflecting Branson's love of daredevil stunts. Each week also saw the contestants travel to a different country, whereas The Apprentice is just situated in one area. Shawn Nelson was the winner.

Presentation
The one-hour show premiered on November 9, 2004 on the Fox network, and aired 12 episodes through January 2005. Although the show had over 5.5 million viewers, it was considered a ratings disappointment for American television prime-time programming. The show found ratings success internationally though, airing in 19 countries around the world, ranking as the #1 show in many countries where Richard Branson does business. The Rebel Billionaire also reran on the Fox Reality Channel.

Contestants
(as they appeared on the show & in order of elimination)


text:
Talk:Heihuquan

Pd off
It's rather irritating how students and instructors from various martial arts schools create pages almost advertising their own school...

Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedians_by_martial_art add yourself!
List_of_Wikipedians_by_martial_art

Is this an encyclopedia article?
Hi. This article should be merged or deleted as it doesn't actually provide details of what black tiger kung fu is or any links. The text doesn't bother to differentiate between this style and others, plus the listing of masters seems to be like a vanity article of a particular claimed style. The paragraphs describing a practiotioner are also out of place in the article, with no apparent relevance or importance. I will list this for deletion or merging if no one disagrees. Any comments? - Master Of Ninja 16:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

The article has not been credible. It has no references and is poorly written. I doubt the authenticity of this martial art and I don't think this article should exist. Shawnc 11:25, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

++ Is it just me or is there something odd about that email address... cusmhot@yahoo.com. I misread it the first time; are we sure that it's valid and not just a joke? ++

+Not to mention the free advertising the so-called "master" Jemmy got by actually leaving a phone number on wikipedia+

It exists
Don't know why you guys are complaining so much. It's typical for a martial arts system to name its lineage. Obviously the guy didn't care to spend too much time describing it hence its existence only as a stub. In fact, my friend who's taken 8 years of martial arts recently acquired a rather hard to find black shantung manuscript now available on amazon.com and is studying it. very into it. you can check it out here:

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0834801221/qid=1149403748/sr=1-5/ref=sr_1_5/102-1141552-7748920?s=books&v=glance&n=283155 $$Insert formula here$$

Coincidence?
I got results in both the Huáng Qí Yīng and Hóng Jiā pages when I put in the hànzì (黑虎拳) for this "school of martial arts" into Wikipedia's search bar. I think they are one and the same. The hànzì translate into "Black Tiger Fist" on all the pages, and seem to be a Hóng Jiā Tào Lù that was passed down from Zhì Shàn Chán Shī to Lù Ā Cài to Huáng Qí Yīng to Huáng Fēi Hóng, who eventually must have incorporated it into the Gōng Zì Fú Hǔ Quán Tào Lù of Hóng Jiā, according to the article. 209.151.140.66 (talk) 09:35, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Fist

 * 'unique fist position (where the thumb is curled in the same manner as the other fingers, rather than wrapped around them).'

How does this physically work? The thumb isn't long enough to really bend like that, and it's an angle to boot. I tried to see how this might be, and couldn't figure it out. --Gwern (contribs) 15:46 14 May 2009 (GMT)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Heihuquan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100310012351/http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/46/36/1/1 to http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/46/36/1/1/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:43, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

Unrelated Image
Curators, You should consider removing the featured image. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:1388:2:D949:E48B:F234:FACD:D8F0 (talk) 18:13, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 18 July 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Withdrawn by Nominator. (closed by non-admin page mover)  The Night Watch     (talk)   20:14, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

Heihuquan → Heihu quan – Both to be WP:CONSISTENT with other forms of Chinese boxing (e.g. xingyi quan) and to follow the WP:NCZH policy to space pinyin according to words. SilverStar54 (talk) 17:33, 18 July 2023 (UTC) — Relisting.  WP scatter  t/c 16:04, 26 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Support this is a common sense language thing that also helps the article to be consistent with others similar to it MishchaytWiki (talk) 23:04, 18 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose.  Please see my discussion of the same issue at Talk:Yiquan. Jōkepedia (talk) 21:32, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * @SilverStar54 will you also withdraw this one please? Jōkepedia (talk) 14:29, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes! Withdrawn - for the reasons Jōkepedia explained at the link they provided. SilverStar54 (talk) 02:50, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Heihuquan


text:
Intelligence gathering network

An intelligence gathering network is a system through which information about a particular entity is collected for the benefit of another through the use of more than one, inter-related source. Such information may be gathered by a military intelligence, government intelligence, or commercial intelligence network.

Intelligence assessment employs intelligence analysis to refine information. Foreign embassies subscribe to the newspapers and keep tabs on the news channels of their host countries — the information doesn't have to be classified to be considered useful intelligence; indeed, so-called OSINT, or open-source intelligence, is increasing in both quantity and utility with the ascendancy of digital media. Researchers may also be employed to dig through archives and check facts. An important form of intelligence is so-called "signals intelligence", which attempts to intercept electronic communications and other signals sent between parties working for a hostile, or potentially hostile, entity, or between neutral or even friendly parties but discussing that entity.

In established intelligence agencies, such networks usually follow a linear rather than distributed structure. An agent handler directs the activities of a number of persons and sources in order to obtain the necessary facts about the target of the intelligence gathering operation. The two main HUMINT agent types used are infiltration and penetration agents. An infiltration agent is someone who enters the target of the operation from the outside, but on a suitable pretext so that they are not suspected of espionage. A penetration agent would already be in place in the target area, and is recruited by the handler, often by means of the MICE principle. The information so gathered is processed by one or more analysts and turned into an intelligence product. Information is conveyed between nodes of the network by a variety of secure/clandestine means, be they physical or electronic.

Turkey
At the turn of the twentieth century, the last Sultan, Abdul Hamid II, demanded daily intelligence reports called djournals (from the word "journal). After decades, he had saved millions of them in "a whole building to itself in the War Office, where a Government Commission is now," Francis McCullagh wrote in 1910, "wading slowly through this amazing accumulation."

title: Intelligence gathering network


text:
Memba people

The Memba are a people of Arunachal Pradesh. The Memba population is currently around four to five thousand. Local genealogies suggested that they came from Tibet and settled in the region several centuries ago.

The Membas follow Nyingmapa Tibetan Buddhism and have their own script, Hikor, which is derived from the Tibetan script. In every village, there is a small Gompa presided by a Buddhist Lama. As devout Buddhists, they follow all the intricate details of rituals of Buddhist puja, hoisting at least a Buddhist prayer flag or a string of small Buddhist prayer flags in front of every household. Festivals that are celebrated by the Memba include Losar and Choskar.

title: Memba people


text:
Shapiro time delay

The Shapiro time delay effect, or gravitational time delay effect, is one of the four classic Solar System tests of general relativity. Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than they would if the mass of the object were not present. The time delay is caused by time dilation, which increases the time it takes light to travel a given distance from the perspective of an outside observer. In a 1964 article entitled Fourth Test of General Relativity, Irwin Shapiro wrote:

Because, according to the general theory, the speed of a light wave depends on the strength of the gravitational potential along its path, these time delays should thereby be increased by almost 2×10−4 sec when the radar pulses pass near the sun. Such a change, equivalent to 60 km in distance, could now be measured over the required path length to within about 5 to 10% with presently obtainable equipment.

Throughout this article discussing the time delay, Shapiro uses c as the speed of light and calculates the time delay of the passage of light waves or rays over finite coordinate distance according to a Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations.

History
The time delay effect was first predicted in 1964, by Irwin Shapiro. Shapiro proposed an observational test of his prediction: bounce radar beams off the surface of Venus and Mercury and measure the round-trip travel time. When the Earth, Sun, and Venus are most favorably aligned, Shapiro showed that the expected time delay, due to the presence of the Sun, of a radar signal traveling from the Earth to Venus and back, would be about 200 microseconds, well within the limitations of 1960s-era technology.

The first tests, performed in 1966 and 1967 using the MIT Haystack radar antenna, were successful, matching the predicted amount of time delay. The experiments have been repeated many times since then, with increasing accuracy.

Calculating time delay
In a nearly static gravitational field of moderate strength (say, of stars and planets, but not one of a black hole or close binary system of neutron stars) the effect may be considered as a special case of gravitational time dilation. The measured elapsed time of a light signal in a gravitational field is longer than it would be without the field, and for moderate-strength nearly static fields the difference is directly proportional to the classical gravitational potential, precisely as given by standard gravitational time dilation formulas.

Time delay due to light traveling around a single mass
Shapiro's original formulation was derived from the Schwarzschild solution and included terms to the first order in solar mass ($$M$$) for a proposed Earth-based radar pulse bouncing off an inner planet and returning passing close to the Sun:

 * $$\Delta t \approx \frac{4GM}{c^3} \left(\ln\left[\frac{x_p + (x_p^2 + d^2)^{1/2}}{-x_e + (x_e^2 + d^2)^{1/2}} \right] - \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{x_p}{(x_p^2 + d^2)^{1/2}} + \frac{2x_e+x_p}{(x_e^2 + d^2)^{1/2}}\right]\right) + \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{G^2M^2}{c^5 d}\right),$$

where $$d$$ is the distance of closest approach of the radar wave to the center of the Sun, $$x_e$$ is the distance along the line of flight from the Earth-based antenna to the point of closest approach to the Sun, and $$x_p$$ represents the distance along the path from this point to the planet. The right-hand side of this equation is primarily due to the variable speed of the light ray; the contribution from the change in path, being of second order in $$M$$, is negligible. $$\mathcal{O}$$ is the Landau symbol of order of error.

For a signal going around a massive object, the time delay can be calculated as the following:

 * $$\Delta t = -\frac{2GM}{c^3} \ln(1 - \mathbf{R}\cdot\mathbf{x}).$$

Here $$\mathbf{R}$$ is the unit vector pointing from the observer to the source, and $$\mathbf{x}$$ is the unit vector pointing from the observer to the gravitating mass $$M$$. The dot denotes the usual Euclidean dot product.

Using $$\Delta x = c \Delta t$$, this formula can also be written as

 * $$\Delta x = -R_s \ln(1 - \mathbf{R}\cdot\mathbf{x}),$$

which is a fictive extra distance the light has to travel. Here $$R_s = \frac{2GM}{c^2}$$ is the Schwarzschild radius.

In PPN parameters,

 * $$\Delta t = -(1 + \gamma) \frac{R_s}{2c} \ln(1 - \mathbf{R}\cdot\mathbf{x}),$$

which is twice the Newtonian prediction (with $$\gamma = 0$$).

The doubling of the Shapiro factor can be explained by the fact that there is not only the gravitational time dilation, but also the radial stretching of space, both of which contribute equally in general relativity for the time delay as they also do for the deflection of light.
 * $$\tau = t\sqrt{1-\tfrac{R_s}{r}}$$
 * $$c' = c\sqrt{1-\tfrac{R_s}{r}}$$
 * $$s' = \frac{s}{\sqrt{1-\tfrac{R_s}{r}}}$$
 * $$T = \frac{s'}{c'} = \frac{s}{c\left(1-\tfrac{R_s}{r}\right)} $$

Interplanetary probes
Shapiro delay must be considered along with ranging data when trying to accurately determine the distance to interplanetary probes such as the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft.

Shapiro delay of neutrinos and gravitational waves
From the nearly simultaneous observations of neutrinos and photons from SN 1987A, the Shapiro delay for high-energy neutrinos must be the same as that for photons to within 10%, consistent with recent estimates of the neutrino mass, which imply that those neutrinos were moving at very close to the speed of light. After the direct detection of gravitational waves in 2016, the one-way Shapiro delay was calculated by two groups and is about 1800 days. In general relativity and other metric theories of gravity, though, the Shapiro delay for gravitational waves is expected to be the same as that for light and neutrinos. However, in theories such as tensor–vector–scalar gravity and other modified GR theories, which reproduce Milgrom's law and avoid the need for dark matter, the Shapiro delay for gravitational waves is much smaller than that for neutrinos or photons. The observed 1.7-second difference in arrival times seen between gravitational wave and gamma ray arrivals from neutron star merger GW170817 was far less than the estimated Shapiro delay of about 1000 days. This rules out a class of modified models of gravity that dispense with the need for dark matter.

title: Shapiro time delay


title: File:12Memoriesalbumcover.jpg


text:
User talk:Darkcore/archive2

Archived comments from September 13, 2004 to October 13, 2004

NYU seal/logo
Hello,

I just took a look at your edit of the NYU page and was curious as to why you changed the photograph to the seal for NYU? I've been a student there for a while, and I've never seen the seal you used, while the previously displayed logo was everywhere, including hanging on flags outside of every NYU building. I think the other logo was a better choice. PZFUN 07:06, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Universities in Alberta
Alberta universities sounds perfectly okay to me. It means university in alberta, same as title above, just in a different way. Albertan universities just sounds so wrong. Spinboy 06:38, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * That makes sense, go ahead and change it back, I apologize for changing it. I didn't understand the rationale. Spinboy 06:41, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Universites in Ontario
I noticed some of the categories you were creating, if you're up for it, create a category for Universities in Ontario. There certainly are enough of them. Good job with the UofT cat. Spinboy 07:05, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

University College of the North
Hi, Darkcore. With regards to your change to University College of the North (removing the category label), what precisely is the difference between a university college, a college, and a university?

My perhaps naive understanding is that an institution is a university if it has a charter by which it has the right to grant degrees.

Colleges which allow students to earn degrees by partnering with some other university obviously don't count. Until recently Keewatin Community College (the name by which UCN was previously known) was such an institution, but as I understand it, the recent Manitoba legislation referred to in the article gives it degree-granting rights independent of any other university. So, how is it not a university? --Saforrest 00:54, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)

John Sexton
I made the change, because I did not think it is appropriate to call him "President Sexton". It sounds very stilted. The pronoun (as you used) or his unadorned last name (as I had suggested) are more encyclopedic. BTW, I am from Brooklyn, so I had to look up "dude" in the Wiktionary. ;-) --[[User:Nricardo|Nelson Ricardo  >>Talk<<]] 02:09, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

Star Trek Template

 * Well, alright, I said I'd let it go if there was another revert. But I'd like to explain my end of it. I won't revert back just yet.
 * Invasion Iowa was a hoax. I know that. But I heard that FOX was making a show around the whole idea (bless their little hearts; these people would make a reality show around Hitler if the History Channel would loan them the footage), and so putting in there seemed like a good idea.
 * Star Trek XII: So Very Tired is fictional. You said that "Star Trek XII is not really fiction any more than Duff beer is (and Duff isn't listed under Beer)". I'm just going to come right out and say that that doesn't make sense. if it doesn't exist and somebody says it does, then it's fiction (lies fall into this category). And the fact that Duff does not exist is probably the reason it isn't on the list of beers. Duff does appear under the Alchoholic beverage subdirectory of the List of fictional brands, where, by general consensus, it belongs. Accordingly, Star Trek XII: So Very Tired is on List_of_fictional_films. A place for everything, and everything in its place. I think my version of the template makes perfect sense. If you have any disputes or such please either reply to this or contact me on my talk page. Otherwise, I will assume that you are willing to let me revert to my version. -Litefantastic 23:54, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I read your comments: All valid points, but I still want So Very Tired (if not Invasion Iowa) to be on there. Under what circumstances would you think putting it on the template would be reasonable? -Litefantastic 00:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You've sold me on your ideas. Confession: I've never actually seen the Simpsons myself. -Litefantastic 10:58, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

New Jersey cities
That general rule about categories is not, I think, a good reason to remove a couple of New Jersey cities for which somebody has, for some reason, created a separate category (and Category:Newark, New Jersey is a particularly lame category), from the Category:Cities in New Jersey, which is a comprehensive listing. If anything, the narrower categories should be removed or recategorized. john k 05:48, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

More municipals
I've just put together a List of Ontario separated municipalities; yet another way of looking at the patchwork that is Ontario municipal heirarchy. Thought I'd be sure you took a look at it. Radagast 12:55, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

Toronto pronounciation
Why'd you remove my pronounciation edit of Toronto? I am friggin' from there too! And that is how we're supposed to say Toronto... as Torano. It even says that in the history books.

Sure the immigrants and newcomers say Tour-On-To, but that's not the original way. --Kloy1334 00:14, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ah, you should have said that in your "edit summary." :-) --Kloy1334 01:16, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darkcore/archive2


text:
Walter Goodall

Walter Goodall (1706? – 1766) was a Scottish historical writer, born in Banffshire, and educated at King's College, University of Aberdeen. Later he became assistant librarian to the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh.

In 1754 Goodall published an Examination of the Letters said to have been written by Mary Queen of Scots on Casket letters. Printing the letters, he contested their authenticity. He also edited John of Fordun's Scotichronicon (1759).

Life
He was the eldest son of John Goodall, a farmer in Banffshire. He was educated at King's College, Old Aberdeen, which he entered in 1723, but left without taking a degree. In 1730 he obtained employment in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and in 1735 became sub-librarian.

Goodall died in poverty 28 July 1766.

Works
Walter Goodall aided the principal librarian Thomas Ruddiman in the compilation of the catalogue of the Advocates' Library, printed in 1742.

In 1753 Goodall edited a new issue of the garbled Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland, originally published by David Crawford. His interest in the partisan Memoirs was connected with the favourable representation they contained of the career of Queen Mary. He planned to write her life, and published in 1754, in two volumes, an Examination of the Letters said to be written by Mary Queen of Scots to James, Earl of Bothwell. This work presaged the apologist period of the literature relating to the queen.

In 1754 also, Goodall published an edition, with emendations, of Scot of Scotstarvet's Staggering State of Scots Statesmen, and an edition of James Balfour, Lord Pittendreich's Practicks, with preface and life. He assisted Robert Keith in the preparation of his New Catalogue of Scottish Bishops, for which he supplied the preliminary account of the Culdees. He denied that the Scotia of the early writers was Ireland (not Scotland), and that those first termed Scoti were really emigrants from Ireland; he affirmed that Ireland's other ancient name Ierne belonged also to Scotland. The glacialis Ierne, which, according to Claudian, wept for her slain Scots, was in his opinion the valley of Strathearn, the seat of an ancient Celtic earldom.

Goodall published in 1759 an edition of Fordun's Scotichronicon, with a Latin introduction on the antiquities of Scotland, and a dissertation on the marriage of Robert III. An English translation of the introduction appeared separately in 1769.

title: Walter Goodall


text:
12-car rally

A 12-car rally is a type of car rally, often run by motor clubs as a simple and strictly amateur form of the sport.

12-car rallies are run to Navigational Rally rules, which are based on navigational skills rather than speed, and with usually a notable social element too. In the United Kingdom, the rules for 12-cars are governed by Motorsport UK and are as follows:

 * Maximum of 12 competing vehicles per event (hence the name)
 * Generally only standard road cars permitted, not fully prepared cars (this is at the discretion of the organising club, but is widely upheld)
 * Maximum 30 mph average speed only
 * "Plot 'n' bash" navigation only
 * No timing to the second permitted, only to the previous minute
 * "PR" (public relations) work as necessary if the route affects residential areas, this is as for a road rally but the requirements are not quite as strict
 * Police to be informed of the event, though route information does not need to be submitted and approved
 * Route authorisation must be granted from the Motorsport UK's local representative.

title: 12-car rally


text: File:Travis - The Invisible Band - album cover.jpg


text:
Richard Grafton

Richard Grafton (c. 1506/7 or 1511 – 1573) was King's Printer under Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was a member of the Grocers' Company and MP for Coventry elected 1562/63.

Under Henry VIII
With Edward Whitchurch, a member of the Haberdashers' Company, Grafton was interested in the printing of the Bible in English, and eventually they became printers and publishers, more by chance than by design. They published the Matthew Bible in 1537, though it was printed abroad. In 1538 they brought presses and printers from Paris to print the first edition of the Great Bible.

Whitchurch printed for a time in partnership with Grafton, who set up his press in the recently surrendered house of the Grey Friars, and in 1541 they obtained a joint exclusive privilege for printing the Church of England's new liturgical books, including the first Book of Common Prayer and the Edwardine Ordinals. Later, they were granted a privilege for printing primers in Latin and English.

Also 1541 Grafton was committed to Fleet Prison for printing a "sedicious [sic] epistle of Melanctons" and was also accused by the Privy Council of printing ballads defending the late Thomas Cromwell. In April 1543, he and seven other printers, among them Whitchurch, were sent to prison "for printing such books as were thought to be unlawful". In Grafton's case it was for having printed the Great Bible. He spent six weeks in prison and was bound in £300 neither to sell nor to print any more Bibles until the King and clergy should agree upon a translation.

Under Edward VI and later life
On the accession of Edward VI, Grafton was appointed King's Printer and this gave him the sole right to print all Acts and Statutes. He had held the appointment for six years, when on the King's death, he printed a proclamation of the accession of Lady Jane Grey, in which he signed himself "Printer to the Queen." For this he was cast into prison by Mary I. John Cawood became Queen's Printer, and Grafton's career as a printer ended.

In prison Grafton compiled an Abridgement of the Chronicles of England, which he published in 1563. It includes the first published English version of the verse "Thirty Days Hath September...", although manuscript versions have been found from the 15th century. To this he added in 1568–9 A Chronicle at Large. Neither holds a high place as authorities, as they lack original material. John Stow and Grafton had a running battle over their rival chronicles after Stow justifiably accused Grafton of copying his own work. In the Chronicle at Large, he is the earliest writer known to refer in print to Edward of Woodstock (Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Aquitaine) as the "Black Prince". The origins of the name remain uncertain: Grafton said he had found it in other writers, and gives no further explanation.

Grafton was instrumental in the establishment and maintenance of the London hospitals. He died in 1573, probably in late April or early May, and was buried on 14 May in Christ Church Greyfriars in London, leaving four sons and one daughter, Joan, who married the printer Richard Tottel. Grafton's device was a tree bearing grafts issuing from a tun or barrel of the kind in which books were packed for transport – hence "graft-tun", an example of a rebus.

title: Richard Grafton


text:
Hazelwood

Hazelwood or Hazlewood may refer to:

Australia

 * Hazelwood, Victoria, an area in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria; now known as Churchill
 * Hazelwood Power Station, in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
 * Hazelwood North, a town in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
 * Hazelwood, Victoria, also known as Hazelwood Pondage, an artificial lake in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
 * Hazelwood Park, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide
 * Hazelwood Park, Adelaide

Canada

 * Rural Municipality of Hazelwood No. 94, Saskatchewan, a rural municipality

England

 * Hazelwood, Derbyshire (also spelt Hazlewood)
 * Hazelwood, Devon, the location of the Blackdown Rings earthworks
 * Hazelwood, London, in the London Borough of Bromley
 * Hazlewood, North Yorkshire
 * Hazlewood Castle, North Yorkshire
 * Hazlewood with Storiths, North Yorkshire
 * Hazlewood, Suffolk

Ireland

 * Hazelwood, County Sligo
 * Hazelwood House, Sligo, an 18th century mansion

South Africa

 * Hazelwood, Pretoria, a suburb of Pretoria, Gauteng Province

United States

 * Hazelwood, Indiana
 * Hazelwood, Louisville, Kentucky
 * Hazelwood Plantation, Laurel Hill, listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
 * Hazelwood (Upper Marlboro, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
 * Hazelwood, Missouri
 * Hazelwood School District
 * Hazelwood School District v. United States, 1977 Supreme Court case
 * Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988 Supreme Court case
 * Hazelwood, North Carolina
 * Hazelwood (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania
 * Hazelwood, Portland, Oregon
 * Hazelwood (Port Royal, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia
 * Hazelwood (Green Bay, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin

People with the surname

 * Ali Hazelwood, Italian neuroscientist and writer
 * Charles Hazlewood (born 1966), British conductor
 * Elizabeth Haselwood (c. 1644–1715) English silversmith
 * John Hasilwood (died 1544), English politician
 * John Hazelwood (1726–1800), American naval officer
 * John A. Hazelwood (1869–1923), American politician
 * Joseph Hazelwood (1946–2022), the captain of the Exxon Valdez during its 1989 oil spill
 * Josh Hazlewood (born 1991), Australian cricketer
 * Lee Hazlewood (1929–2007), American singer
 * Mike Hazlewood (1941–2001), English singer, songwriter, composer
 * Mike Hazelwood (born 1958), English water skier
 * Patsy Hazlewood (born 1949), American politician
 * Rex Hazlewood (1903—1985), British Scouting Official
 * Rex Hazlewood, Australian architect
 * Rex Hazlewood (photographer), Australian photographer
 * Roy Hazelwood (1938–2016), FBI profiler
 * Will Hazlewood (born 1971), British Anglican bishop

Other uses

 * Hazelwood (rugby ground), a sports venue in Sunbury-on-Thames, England
 * Hazelwood School, Limpsfield, Surrey, England
 * Hazelwood School, Birmingham, England
 * USS Hazelwood (DD-531)
 * USS Hazelwood (DD-107)
 * Hazel wood, from the hazel tree
 * "The Hazelwood", a song by Patrick Wolf; see Tristan (song)
 * Hazlewoods Limited, British bicycle manufacturer
 * Hazelwood massacre, 1971 Detroit mass murder

title: Hazelwood


text: File:SinglesTravisalbumcover.jpg

title: File:SinglesTravisalbumcover.jpg


text:
Simon Grahame

Simon (or Simion) Grahame (1570–1614), born in Edinburgh, Scotland, led a dissolute life as a traveller, soldier, and courtier on the Continent of Europe. He appears to have been a good scholar, and wrote the Passionate Sparke of a Relenting Minde, and Anatomy of Humours, the latter of which is believed to have suggested to Robert Burton his The Anatomy of Melancholy. He became an austere Franciscan.

A sonnet of Grahame's was published as part of the preface to the Tragicall Death of Sophonisba, by David Murray, Scoto-Brittaine, John Smethwick, London (1611).

title: Simon Grahame


text:
International Spy Museum

The International Spy Museum is an independent non-profit history museum which documents the tradecraft, history, and contemporary role of espionage. It holds the largest collection of international espionage artifacts on public display. The museum opened in 2002 in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., and relocated to L'Enfant Plaza in 2019.

History
Milton Maltz, a code-breaker during the Korean War and founder of the Malrite Communications Group in 1956 (later The Malrite Company), conceptualized the International Spy Museum in 1996 as a for-profit organization. The original museum facility in the Penn Quarter neighborhood was built by Milton Maltz and The House on F Street, L.L.C. at a cost of approximately US$40 million. It opened to the public in 2002.

The foundation cost of the original museum was half funded by the Malrite Company; the other $20 million came from the District of Columbia through enterprise zone bonds and TIF bonds. The museum was part of the ongoing rejuvenation of Penn Quarter, kicked off in the 1980s by the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation.

In April 2015, plans were released for a new museum designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. In January 2019, the museum began the process of moving from its previous F Street location to the new $162 million dedicated building at 700 L'Enfant Plaza, and it reopened to the public on May 12, 2019. The 32,000 square foot L'Enfant Plaza building has a 145-seat theater, rooftop terrace, and top-floor event space. The new museum is a non-profit enterprise.

Educational and cultural programs are offered for students, adults, and families including scholarly lectures, films, book signings, hands-on workshops, and group tour packages. The museum charges admission fees.

Permanent collection
The museum houses more than 7,000 artifacts with around 1,000 on public display, accompanied by historical photographs, interactive displays, film, and video. The permanent collection traces the complete history of espionage, from the Ancient Greeks and the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the British Empire, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, both World Wars, the Cold War, and through present day espionage activity. Exhibits include:

Briefing Center
Visitors receive an Undercover Mission badge and cover identity in the "Briefing Center". Here, visitors preview the museum's spy artifacts and watch a five-minute film introducing the shadow world of spying.

Stealing Secrets
In the "Stealing Secrets" gallery, visitors learn about spies and spymasters, gadget makers, scientists, and engineers from past and present. Hundreds of imaginative inventions used to steal secrets are displayed in this gallery.

Making Sense of Secrets
In the "Making Sense of Secrets" gallery, visitors learn how secret information gets turned into useful intelligence. The gallery's interactive exhibits inform how codes are made, analyzed, and broken.

Covert Action
In the "Covert Action" gallery, visitors discover the age-old techniques leaders use to secretly influence events abroad. They learn about covert mission failures and successes from sabotage to lethal action.

Spying That Shaped History
The "Spying that Shaped History" gallery illustrates the impact of intelligence on history. Visitors explore stories from the American Revolution to 21st century cyberwarfare and hear what intelligence officers think about on-screen spies.

An Uncertain World
The "An Uncertain World" gallery explores how spy agencies protect against threats at home. Visitors learn what can happen when they go too far and delve into spy tales from Renaissance Venice to Cold War Berlin.

Debriefing Center
Visitors receive the conclusion to their Undercover Mission in the Debriefing Center including a performance debrief that summarizes their top spy skills.

Previous exhibits
The museum had an interactive exhibit called Operation Spy where visitors assumed the roles of covert agents and participated in a one-hour Hollywood-style spy simulation. Visitors moved from area to area, interacting with puzzles, tasks, motion simulators, sound effects, and video messages to work through a mission to intercept a secret arms deal involving a nuclear trigger.

In 2011, the museum had an interactive called Spy in the City where visitors were given a GPS-type device and had to find clues near various landmarks in the area surrounding the museum to obtain the password for a secret weapon.

Temporary Exhibits
In March 2024, the museum opened Bond In Motion, a temporary exhibit featuring 17 vehicles from the James Bond movie franchise.

Notable items in the permanent collection

 * A Four Rotor Japanese Enigma Machine, built by Germany during World War II for its ally, Japan, allowing German and Japanese soldiers to communicate securely with each other.
 * The wreckage of Francis Gary Powers' U-2 plane.
 * A 1922 Silver Dollar with Suicide Pin that was made by the CIA for the U-2 program.
 * A Bay of Pigs flag. The 2506 Assault Brigade was meant to fly this flag as a symbol of victory following the 1961 invasion attempt.
 * A vial of heavy water produced to commemorate WWII's Operation Gunnerside.
 * A printing plate used in Operation Bernhard, an exercise by Nazi Germany to forge British bank notes.
 * A coat with a buttonhole camera, created by the KGB.
 * A c.1949 Steineck ABC Wristwatch Camera from Germany. The watch allowed an agent to take photographs while pretending to check his or her watch.
 * A Lipstick Pistol used by KGB operatives during the Cold War.
 * A replica of an Aerial Surveillance Pigeon Camera from World War I.
 * The Aston Martin DB5 that was used in the movie Goldfinger, the third part of the James Bond film series.

Film

 * The museum is included in the bonus features of the 25th anniversary edition of Mission Impossible.

Television

 * SPY board members Robert Wallace and Keith Melton are co-executive producers of Netflix's 2021 Spycraft series. The museum's executive director, Chris Costa, is interviewed in the third episode of season 1 titled Sexspionage.
 * The museum has made many appearances on Mysteries at the Museum.
 * In season 14, episode 10 of Law and Order titled Acceptable Loss, Nick Amaro mentions taking his daughter to the Spy Museum.
 * The museum was referenced in season 4, episode 4 of Madam Secretary. Elizabeth McCord's son is doing a school report on the CIA, so Henry and Jason make plans to visit the Spy Museum.
 * The museum was used as a setting in the season 3 episode of Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman entitled Mission Improbable. It was where Ruff sent the FETCHers to learn about how to become spies.
 * Ozzy and Jack Osbourne in the eighth episode of season 1 of Ozzy and Jack's World Detour, visit the museum.

Literature

 * In collaboration with National Geographic, the museum published the International Spy Museum's Handbook of Practical Spying.
 * The children's books, Who's Hiding in the Spy Museum? and A Secret Message by Ellen Lewis are set in the museum.

Web

 * BBC's Reel, The Secrets of the Culper Spy Ring features scenes filmed at the museum and an interview with Jacqueline Eyl, the Spy Museum's director of youth education.
 * In collaboration with WIRED, the International Spy Museum's video, Former CIA Chief of Disguise Breaks Down Cold War Spy Gadgets featuring board member Jonna Mendez, was nominated for a 2021 Webby Award.
 * Jennifer Lawrence while promoting her film Red Sparrow on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, mentions that former intel officers would tell their children they were spies by showing them Spy Kids, then taking them to the Spy Museum.

Programming
Then-President of the United States, Barack Obama, visited the museum on July 30, 2010.
 * Paramount held their Mission: Impossible – Fallout press event at the museum.
 * George Lazenby who played James Bond in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), attended the 2018 Global James Bond Day at the Spy Museum.

Podcast

 * The Spy Museum has a weekly podcast, SpyCast, hosted by the museum's historian and curator Dr. Andrew Hammond.

title: International Spy Museum