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Manciano, Trevi

Manciano is a village in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a flank of Mt. Matigge, at altitude 509 m above sea-level. It is a frazione of the comune of Trevi, which is 3 km SSW. Its population is approximately 100 inhabitants.

Geography
The frazione extends several kilometers further to the NE into the Apennine range and the hamlet of Ponze at 904 m altitude, with one more medieval church and a good view of central Umbria.

Main sights
The main point of interest of the village is the church of S. Martino and, not far away, the ruins of the Romanesque abbey church of Santo Stefano in Manciano.

title: Manciano, Trevi


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Edward Stachura

Edward Stachura (18 August 1937 – 24 July 1979) was a Polish poet, writer and translator. He rose to prominence in the 1960s, receiving prizes for both poetry and prose. His literary output includes four volumes of poetry, three collections of short stories, two novels, a book of essays, and the final work, Fabula rasa, which is difficult to classify. In addition to writing, Stachura translated literature from Spanish and French, most notably works of Jorge Luis Borges, Gaston Miron and Michel Deguy. He also wrote songs, and occasionally performed them. He died by suicide at the age of forty-one.

Childhood and adolescence
Edward Stachura was born on 18 August 1937 to a family of Polish emigrants in Charvieu-Chavagneux, department of Isère, in eastern France. He was the second of four children of Stanisław and Jadwiga Stachura (née Stępkowska) who met in France after having emigrated in the early 1920s in search of work.

Stachura spent the first eleven years of his life in France. The family lived in a large tenement house shared by a multilingual mix of emigrants; Stachura would later describe it in his first novel as "this great Tenement of Babel, where apart from the Poles, who called the tune, there was a mass of Greeks, Albanians, Armenians, Italians, Arabs, and other representatives of nations." Stachura attended a French school and, once a week, the Polish school, a teacher having been provided by the consulate. His brother Ryszard, eight years his senior, says that young Edward was courteous, caring, and likeable, but unusually stubborn: in school he had a habit of correcting his teachers if their ideas were at odds with those he got from other sources. In 1948 the family moved to Poland and settled down in a one-room thatched house in the village of Łazieniec near Aleksandrów Kujawski, the mother's inheritance. Stachura finished grade school in Aleksandrów Kujawski in 1952, completing the program in just three years, even though, according to his mother, his skills in Polish were at first inadequate. He began high school in Ciechocinek. Originally Stachura planned a career in electrical engineering, and he also liked biology and geography, but his interests gradually shifted toward the visual arts and literature. Following conflicts with the school and with his father, Stachura moved to join his brother in Gdynia where he finished high school, graduating in 1956. During that time he published his first poems. After an unsuccessful attempt at enrolling in an arts college, he returned home, working menial jobs, writing poetry, and corresponding with other young writers. He then moved to Toruń, where he attended lectures in the art department at Nicolaus Copernicus University, and participated in the literary movement of the city.

College and first book publications
Stachura enrolled at the Catholic University of Lublin in 1957, majoring in French Philology. Struggling with difficult financial conditions, he continued writing and actively seeking opportunities to publish his works. He interrupted his studies at CUL twice, and after travelling around the country in 1959 and 1960 he finally transferred to the University of Warsaw, his move to the capital motivated primarily by a desire to facilitate the publication of his work. He continued writing, publishing poetry in periodicals, and he engaged actively in the life of the literary milieu. The year 1962 marked two important events in Stachura's life: the first book publication—a collection of short stories titled Jeden dzień (One Day); and his marriage to Zyta Anna Bartkowska—the future author of novels and short stories published under the pseudonym of Zyta Oryszyn. The following year Stachura published his first book of poetry, Dużo ognia (Lots of Fire). Despite continuing financial difficulties, he graduated in 1965 with a master's degree in Romance Philology; his thesis discussed the work of Henri Michaux.

Maturity and critical recognition
The years following the graduation saw a flowering of Stachura's work. The second collection of short stories, Falując na wietrze (Waving in the Wind), was published in 1966. The book received the annual Prize of the Polish Publishers' Association. Around that time, Stachura also began a type of journal in which he collected various notes, many of which he would later incorporate into his works. Two books of poetry followed in 1968: Przystępuję do ciebie (I Come Close to You) and Po ogrodzie niech hula szarańcza (Let the Locust Hold Sway in the Garden); the latter received the prestigious Stanisław Piętak Prize. In 1969 Stachura published his first novel, Cała jaskrawość (All the Brightness), work on the novel having begun three years earlier in the form of notes in Stachura's journal. The second novel, Siekierezada albo zima leśnych ludzi (Axing, or the Winter of the Forest Folk), followed in 1971, and it earned the author Stanisław Piętak Prize for the second time. Like the first novel, the book began with notes in the journal starting in 1967, and it was written partly in Mexico where Stachura studied in 1969 and 1970 on a twelve-month scholarship funded by the Mexican government. The period during the writing and directly after the completion of the second novel was particularly difficult for Stachura. His marriage disintegrated, throwing him into fits of depression during which he contemplated suicide. After his return from Mexico, Stachura traveled much around Poland, often drinking heavily. In 1971, he visited the Middle East: Damascus and Beirut, and he returned to Poland via Rome and Prague. In January 1972, Stachura lost his "adopted father," Rafał Urban: a writer and a storyteller; a fascinating, colorful character, twice his age, who died of cancer. In September, Stachura's marriage was legally dissolved, and two months later his natural father died, also of cancer. Stanisław Stachura was a formidable character who over the years inspired in his son a wide range of emotions: admiration, fear, hostility, and—eventually—pity. Right after his father's funeral, Stachura found himself in a hospital, a victim of an abnormally strong allergic reaction; while there, he wrote letters to all three siblings informing them of his intent to break off all contact with them —the symptom of a tendency that would soon become more pronounced.

The final years
In 1973 Stachura travelled to Norway, then to Geneva to receive The Kościelski Prize, and from there to France, to visit his birthplace in Charvieu. Next year he spent a few months in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In 1975 Stachura published Wszystko jest poezja (Everything is Poetry)—a collection of essays blending impressionistic commentary about everyday events in the author's life with philosophical reflections on the nature of the creative process and the relationship between life and literature. The book was followed by the publication of a long poem, "Kropka nad ypsylonem" ("A Dot over Ypsilon") in the literary monthly Twórczość.

In the next few years Stachura showed a gradual deepening of distancing himself from events and people, and of his perception of aversion and hostility in the actions of friends and relatives. This transformation ultimately led to what is described by some as the mystical period in his life and writing, and by others as evidence of progressive mental illness. In 1977 he published Się—a collection of short stories employing a peculiar narrative technique (the title is a reflexive pronoun central to that technique), and suggesting, in the last selection, the elimination of corporeality. The book met with mixed reception. In 1978 Stachura published his last volume of poetry, Missa pagana. The next book, Fabula rasa, was to be his last. Published in 1979, the work continued the direction suggested two years earlier by Się—Stachura even insisted (unsuccessfully) on his name on the cover being replaced with the phrase "No-man." The book led to extremely polarized critical reactions: they ranged from calling it a manifestation of the author's mental breakdown (Ziemowit Fedecki) to praising it as one of the greatest works in the world literature (Andrzej Falkiewicz). Regardless of the assessment of Stachura's final work, there is no doubt that he was afflicted during that time with mental disturbances. In April 1979 he suffered a mysterious train accident: he refused to step away from the railroad track along which he was walking, despite the fact that he saw an approaching train. He suffered concussion and lost most of his right hand. After a period of hospitalization in a psychiatric ward (which he requested), Stachura returned to his mother in Aleksandrów Kujawski. He taught himself to write with his left hand and described his experiences before, during, and after the accident in a deeply moving journal, later published under the title "Pogodzić się ze światem" ("To Come to Terms with the World"). He continued writing in the journal until just four days before his death. Stachura took his own life in his Warsaw apartment on 24 July 1979, leaving behind his final poem: "List do pozostałych" ("A Letter to the Remaining")

The poetry and life of Edward Stachura are central to the story of a Quebec man translating Stachura's poetry into French, in the 2012 Canadian feature film "Tout ce que tu possèdes" ("All that you possess"), by Bernard Émond. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2458596/. The screenplay, which includes some of Stachura's poems, is published by Lux Éditeur. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080154/http://www.luxediteur.com/content/tout-ce-que-tu-poss%C3%A8des. ISBN 978-2-89596-139-0.

Poetry

 * Dużo ognia (Lots of Fire) (1963)
 * Przystępuję do ciebie (I Come Close to You ) (1968)
 * Po ogrodzie niech hula szarańcza (Let the Locust Hold Sway in the Garden) (1968)
 * Kropka nad ypsilonem (A Dot over Ypsilon) (1975)
 * Missa pagana (1978)

Collections of Short Stories

 * Jeden dzień (One Day) (1962)
 * Falując na wietrze (Waving in the Wind) (1966)
 * Się (1977)

Novels

 * Cała jaskrawość (All the Brightness) (1969)
 * Siekierezada albo zima leśnych ludzi (Axing, or the Winter of the Forest Folk) (1971)

Other prose

 * Wszystko jest poezja: Opowieść-rzeka (Everything is Poetry: A River-Tale) (1975)
 * Fabula rasa (rzecz o egoizmie) (Fabula Rasa (A Piece on Egoism)) (1979)
 * Fabula rasa (apendyks) (Fabula Rasa (Appendix)) (1979)
 * Oto (Here) (1979)

Collected works

 * Poezja i proza (Poetry and Prose) (1982)
 * Vol. 1 Wiersze, poematy, piosenki, przeklady (Poetry, Songs, Translations)
 * Vol. 2 Opowiadania (Short Stories)
 * Vol. 3 Powieści (Novels)
 * Vol. 4 Wszystko jest poezja (Everything is Poetry)
 * Vol. 5 Fabula rasa. Z wypowiedzi rosproszonych (Fabula Rasa. From Scattered Utterances )

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Edward Stachura


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Gomosto

Gomosto (Γομοστό) is a village in Achaea, Greece. It is part of the community Kareika and the municipal unit Movri. It is situated 5 km southwest of Kato Achaia and 8 km northeast of Lappas.

title: Gomosto


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Prize court

A prize court is a court (or even a single individual, such as an ambassador or consul) authorized to consider whether prizes have been lawfully captured, typically whether a ship has been lawfully captured or seized in time of war or under the terms of the seizing ship's letters of marque and reprisal. A prize court may order the sale or destruction of the seized ship, and the distribution of any proceeds to the captain and crew of the seizing ship. A prize court may also order the return of a seized ship to its owners if the seizure was unlawful, such as if seized from a country which had proclaimed its neutrality.

History/jurisdiction in various countries
Prize courts were common in the 17th through 19th centuries, during times of American or European naval warfare. The United States in 1780 established the Federal Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture to hear appeals of prize cases from state prize courts; this court was ended in 1787, after conclusion of the war. Under current U.S. law, pursuant to, the district courts have exclusive jurisdiction in prize cases. Due to changes in the nature of naval warfare, no prize cases have been heard since the statutes were adopted in 1956.

In England and Wales, prize jurisdiction is exercised by the Admiralty Court, part of the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice (see Prize Courts Act 1894 and Senior Courts Act 1981, ss. 20(1)(d), 27 and 62(2)), and by way of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

In France, the prize council (Conseil des prises) has jurisdiction to determine the issue of the prize. Since 2007, piracy has been transferred to criminal courts. The council's jurisdiction is reduced to war time. The way of appeal is open to the President of the French Republic acting as judge.

The International Prize Court was an international court proposed at the beginning of the 20th century, to hear prize cases. An international agreement, the Convention Relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court, was established at The Hague on October 18, 1907, but this was never ratified or implemented.

title: Prize court


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Hadfield, Derbyshire

Hadfield is a town in the High Peak of Derbyshire, England, with a population at the 2021 Census of 6,763. It lies on the south side of the River Etherow, near to the border with Greater Manchester, at the western edge of the Peak District close to Glossop. It doubled as the fictional town of Royston Vasey in the BBC comedy series The League of Gentlemen.

Geography
Hadfield is in the northwest of England, between Bottoms Reservoir and the Glossop Brook, on the southern side of the River Etherow valley, which is known as Longdendale. The town lies between 394 and 690 ft above sea level. Hadfield is 12+1/2 mi from Manchester.

History
Hadfield was part of the Manor of Glossop and, at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, belonged to William the Conqueror. King Henry I granted the land to William Peveril. In 1157, King Henry II gave it to the Abbey of Basingwerk in North Wales. In 1537, King Henry VIII gave it to the Earl of Shrewsbury, from whom it came to the Howard family (Dukes of Norfolk). While the Howards were responsible in the 1810s for the development of Glossop, it was the Sidebottom family who developed Hadfield. They bought the Waterside and Bridge Mill complex from John Turner and John Thornley in 1820.

For three generations, they developed these mills as a large spinning and weaving combine. They built their own branch railway to the mill and, in 1880, ran 293,000 spindles and 4,800 looms. In 1896, the Sidebottoms went into liquidation. Bridge Mill was destroyed by fire in 1899, but Waterside Mill was bought by John Gartside and Co of Ashton-under-Lyne. Gartside's re-equipped the mills with automatic looms from the United States and installed new engines and electric lighting.

During the First World War (1914–18), the mill was taken over by the Greenfield Mill Company but parts of the mill were used to produce munitions. After the war, the company declined. In 1940, the mill was occupied by Maconochie's Foodstuffs Ltd, which had been bombed out of its previous premises in London. By 1954, about half of the original building had been demolished and more was to go. In 1976, the site was redeveloped and renamed as the Hadfield Trading Estate.

Station Mill was built in 1834 by Thomas and Edward Platt, members of a family who had farmed Longdendale for generations. The family owned this cotton mill for 68 years, before selling it in 1923 to E. Wilman & Sons, which converted it to silk noil spinning. The mill closed in 1989.

Hadfield Mills were corn mills from before 1819. In 1874, Thomas Rhodes and Sons converted the mills to the manufacture of cotton. A thousand workers were employed there in 1873, but it closed in 1932. In 1940, it was reopened by Hadfield Worsted Mills Ltd for cloth manufacture.

Hadfield and its mills were linked to Glossop via an electric tramway which operated between 1903 and 1927.

Governance
Hadfield is administered by High Peak Borough Council at the Town/District/Borough level of Government and by Derbyshire County Council at County level.

Representation on Derbyshire County Council is split between the divisions of Glossop and Charlesworth, and Etherow – with the majority of the town being in the Etherow division. The Etherow division contains Hadfield North, Hadfield South, Gamesley and the large and sparsely populated Tintwistle ward. The Glossop and Charlesworth division contains, amongst others, the Padfield ward (which takes the northern side of Station Road, the main shopping street). These boundaries were set in 2013.

Representation on High Peak Borough Council

Hadfield does not have a parish council.

The Member of Parliament for the High Peak constituency, since 2019, has been Robert Largan MP who represents the Conservative Party. His majority in the 2019 general election was 590 over the Labour candidate Ruth George.

Transport
Hadfield lies within close proximity of the county boundary with Greater Manchester and some services are provided with this in mind. Though lying within Derbyshire and the East Midlands, some of Hadfield's transport facilities are managed by Transport for Greater Manchester.

Railway

The town is served by Hadfield and Dinting railway stations, on the Glossop line. Hadfield is the terminus, with most trains running first to Glossop and then reversing back through Dinting towards Manchester Piccadilly. Services are operated by Northern Trains.

The railway, formerly known as the Woodhead Line, used to run through to Penistone and Sheffield, via the Woodhead Tunnel, but passenger services were withdrawn in 1970. Goods trains ran until 1981, when Hadfield became the terminus. The track to the east was lifted subsequently and has now been adopted as part of the Longdendale Trail footpath.

Roads
The A57, which links Manchester to Sheffield via the Snake Pass, passes to the south of Hadfield, from Woolley Bridge to Dinting Vale. The A628 road, from Manchester to Barnsley and Sheffield over the Woodhead Pass, runs on the other side of the River Etherow through Hollingworth and Tintwistle. These two roads are major freight routes and are often congested, which has created traffic problems both for Hadfield and the neighbouring towns and villages. The proposed Mottram to Tintwistle by-pass is intended to relieve the congestion.

Buses
Bus services in the area are operated by Stagecoach Manchester and High Peak Buses. The town is served by three main bus routes:
 * 237, which runs twice per hour in each direction towards Glossop and Ashton-under-Lyne
 * 341, which runs hourly to both Glossop and Hyde
 * 393, which is an hourly circular route linking the town to Padfield, Glossop and Shirebrook Park.

Media
Regional TV news comes from Salford-based BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill, and one of the two local relay transmitters (Glossop and Mottram In Longdendale).

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Manchester on 95.1 FM and Greatest Hits Radio Midlands (formerly High Peak Radio) on 106.4 FM.

The local newspaper is the Glossop Advertiser, owned by Manchester Evening News.

Other media
The popular BBC television comedy series The League of Gentlemen was filmed in Hadfield, which doubled as the fictional town of Royston Vasey. In the film spin-off from the original series, The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse, Hadfield appears as itself when the characters from the TV series enter into the real world through a supposed portal below a church. The statue featured in the series and film's opening credits is the war memorial, commemorating lives lost in the First and Second World Wars.

title: Hadfield, Derbyshire


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Christopher Booker

Christopher John Penrice Booker (7 October 1937 – 3 July 2019) was an English journalist and author. He was a founder and first editor of the satirical magazine Private Eye in 1961. From 1990 onward he was a columnist for The Sunday Telegraph. In 2009, he published The Real Global Warming Disaster. He also disputed the link between passive smoking and cancer, and the dangers posed by asbestos. In his Sunday Telegraph section he frequently commented on the UK Family Courts and Social Services.

In collaboration with Richard North, Booker wrote a variety of publications advancing a Eurosceptic, though academically disputed, popular historiography of the European Union. The best-known of these is The Great Deception.

Early life
Booker was educated at Dragon School, Shrewsbury School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he read History.

1960s
With fellow Salopians Richard Ingrams and Willie Rushton he founded Private Eye in 1961, and was its first editor. He was ousted by Ingrams in 1963. Returning in 1965, he remained a permanent member of the magazine's collaborative joke-writing team thereafter (with Ingrams, Barry Fantoni and current editor Ian Hislop) till his death.

Booker began writing jazz reviews for The Daily Telegraph while at university. From 1961 to 1964, he wrote about jazz for The Sunday Telegraph as well. His contributions included a positive account of a concert given by the pianist Erroll Garner, which did not happen; it was a late cancellation. In 1962, he became the resident political scriptwriter on the BBC satire show That Was The Week That Was, notably contributing sketches on Home Secretary Henry Brooke and Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home which have often been cited as examples of the programme's outspoken style.

From 1964 he became a Spectator columnist, writing on the press and TV, and in 1969 published The Neophiliacs: A Study of the Revolution in English Life in the Fifties and Sixties, a highly critical analysis of the role played by fantasy in the political and social life of those decades. He was married to the novelist Emma Tennant between 1963 and 1968.

1970s
He married Christine Verity, his second wife, in 1972. In the early 1970s, Booker campaigned against both the building of tower blocks and the wholesale redevelopment of Britain's cities according to the ideology of the modernist movement. In 1973, he published Goodbye London (written with Candida Lycett Green), and, with Bennie Gray, was the IPC Campaigning Journalist of the Year. He made a documentary for the BBC in 1979 on modernist architecture, called City of Towers. In the mid-1970s he contributed a regular quiz to Melvyn Bragg's BBC literary programme Read All About It, and he returned to The Spectator as a weekly contributor (1976–1981), when he also became a lead book-reviewer for The Sunday Telegraph. In 1979, he married Valerie Patrick, his third wife, with whom he had two sons; they lived in Somerset.

1980s
In 1980, he published The Seventies: Portrait Of A Decade, and covered the Moscow Olympics for the Daily Mail, publishing The Games War: A Moscow Journal the following year. Between 1987 and 1990 he wrote The Daily Telegraph's The Way of the World column (a satirical column originated by Michael Wharton) as "Peter Simple II", and in 1990 swapped places with Auberon Waugh, after mocking Waugh who firmly requested he should write the column instead of Booker, to become a weekly columnist on The Sunday Telegraph, where he remained until March 2019.

Between 1986 and 1990 he took part in a detailed investigation, chaired by Brigadier Tony Cowgill, of the charges that senior British politicians, including Harold Macmillan, had been guilty of a serious war crime in handing over thousands of Cossack and Yugoslav prisoners to the Communists at the end of the war in 1945. Their report, published in 1990, presented those events in a very different light, and Booker later published a lengthy analysis of the controversy in A Looking Glass Tragedy (1997).

After 1990
From 1992 he focused more on the role played in British life by bureaucratic regulation and the European Union, forming a professional collaboration with Richard North, and they subsequently co-authored a series of books, including The Mad Officials: How The Bureaucrats Are Strangling Britain (1994); The Castle of Lies (1996); The Great Deception (2003), a critical history of the European Union; and Scared To Death: From BSE To Global Warming, Why Scares Are Costing Us The Earth  (2007), a study of the part played in Western society in recent decades by the 'scare phenomenon'.

In 2004, he published The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories, a Jungian-influenced analysis of stories and their psychological meaning, on which he had been working for over 30 years. The book was dismissed by Adam Mars-Jones, who objected to Booker employing his generalisations about conventional plot structures prescriptively: "He sets up criteria for art, and ends up condemning Rigoletto, The Cherry Orchard, Wagner, Proust, Joyce, Kafka and Lawrence – the list goes on – while praising Crocodile Dundee, ET and Terminator 2".

Fay Weldon wrote "This is the most extraordinary, exhilarating book. It always seemed to me that 'the story' was God's way of giving meaning to crude creation. Booker now interprets the mind of God, and analyses not just the novel – which will never to me be quite the same again – but puts the narrative of contemporary human affairs into a new perspective. If it took its author a lifetime to write, one can only feel gratitude that he did it". Roger Scruton described it as a "brilliant summary of story-telling".

Views
Booker's weekly columns in The Sunday Telegraph covered a wide range of topics of public interest. He has been described by British columnist James Delingpole in The Spectator as doing "the kind of proper, old-school things that journalists hardly ever bother with in this new age of aggregation and flip bloggery: he digs, he makes the calls, he reads the small print, he takes up the cause of the little man and campaigns, he speaks truth to power without fear or favour".

On a range of health issues, Booker put forward a view that the public is being unnecessarily "scared", as detailed in his book Scared to Death. Thus, he argues that asbestos, passive smoking and BSE have not been shown to be dangerous. His articles on global warming have been challenged by George Monbiot of The Guardian.

Booker said that white asbestos is "chemically identical to talcum powder" and poses a "non-existent" risk to human health, relying primarily on a 2000 paper for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). He wrote in January 2002 that "HSE studies, including a paper by John Hodgson and Andrew Darnton in 2000, concluded that the risk from the substance is "virtually zero". In response, the HSE's Director General, Timothy Walker, wrote that Booker's articles on asbestos had been "misinformed and do little to increase public understanding of a very important occupational health issue." The HSE issued further rebuttals to articles written by Booker in both 2005 and in 2006.

In an article in May 2008, Booker again cited the Hodgson and Darnton paper, claiming that 'they concluded that the risk of contracting mesothelioma from white asbestos cement was "insignificant", while that of lung cancer was "zero"'. This article was also criticised by the HSE as "substantially misleading", as well as by George Monbiot, who argued that Booker misrepresented the authors' findings. Booker's claims were also critically analysed by Richard Wilson in his book Don't Get Fooled Again (2008). Wilson highlighted Booker's repeated endorsement of the alleged scientific expertise of John Bridle, who in 2004 was convicted under the UK's Trade Descriptions Act of making false claims about his qualifications.

Global warming
Booker said that the Climate Change Act 2008 was "the most expensive piece of legislation ever put through Parliament", and likely to cost hundreds of billions over the next 40 years. In May 2009, Booker spoke at an International Conference on Climate Change organised by The Heartland Institute. In the autumn of 2009, he published The Real Global Warming Disaster. The book, which became his best-selling work, claims that there is not actually a consensus on climate change, and postulates that the measures taken by governments to combat climate change "will turn out to be one of the most expensive, destructive, and foolish mistakes the human race has ever made". The book was characterised by Philip Ball in The Observer as being as "the definitive climate sceptics' manual", in which "he has rounded up just about every criticism ever made of the majority scientific view that global warming, most probably caused by human activity, is under way, and presented them unchallenged".

Ball said that Booker's position required the reader to believe that "1) Most of the world's climate scientists, for reasons unspecified, decided to create a myth about human-induced global warming and have managed to twist endless measurements and computer models to fit their case, without the rest of the scientific community noticing. George W Bush and certain oil companies have, however, seen through the deception. 2) Most of the world's climate scientists are incompetent and have grossly misinterpreted their data and models, yet their faulty conclusions are not, as you might imagine, a random chaos of assertions, but all point in the same direction."

In December 2009, Christopher Booker and Richard North had published an article in The Sunday Telegraph in which they questioned whether Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), was using his position for personal gain, with a follow-up Telegraph article in January 2010. On 21 August 2010, The Daily Telegraph issued an apology, and withdrew the December article from their website having reportedly paid legal fees running into six figures. Pachauri described the statements against him as "another attempt by the climate sceptics to discredit the IPCC."

Family courts
Booker wrote a number of articles raising concerns about the Family Court system in England and Wales. Booker championed the cause of Victoria Haigh, bringing him into further conflict with the judiciary. Booker also championed the cause of Marie Black, who fled the UK with her partner and daughter in order to evade social services.

Death
Booker died on 3 July 2019. On 12 July he was featured in the BBC Radio 4 obituary programme Last Word.

title: Christopher Booker


text:
Leszek Kołakowski

Leszek Kołakowski (23 October 1927 Radom – 17 July 2009 Oxford) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas. He is best known for his critical analyses of Marxist thought, such as in his three-volume history of Marxist philosophy Main Currents of Marxism (1976). In his later work, Kołakowski increasingly focused on religious questions. In his 1986 Jefferson Lecture, he asserted that "we learn history not in order to know how to behave or how to succeed, but to know who we are".

Due to his criticism of Marxism and of the Communist state system, Kołakowski was effectively exiled from Poland in 1968. He spent most of the remainder of his career at All Souls College, Oxford. Despite being in exile, Kołakowski was a major inspiration for the Solidarity movement that flourished in Poland in the 1980s and helped bring about the collapse of the Soviet Union, leading to his being described by Bronisław Geremek as the "awakener of human hopes". He was awarded both the MacArthur Fellowship and Erasmus Prize in 1983, the 2003 Kluge Prize, and the 2007 Jerusalem Prize.

Early life and education
Kołakowski was born in Radom, Poland. He could not obtain formal schooling during the German occupation of Poland (1939–1945) in World War II, but he read books and took occasional private lessons, passing his school-leaving examinations as an external student in the underground school system. After the war, he studied philosophy at both University of Łódź and University of Warsaw, the latter of which he completed a doctorate at in 1953, focusing on Spinoza from a Marxist viewpoint. He served as a professor and chair of Warsaw University's department of History of Philosophy from 1959 to 1968.

In his youth, Kołakowski became a communist. He signed a denunciation against Władysław Tatarkiewicz. In 1945, he joined the Association of Fighting Youth. From 1947 to 1966, he was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party. His intellectual promise earned him a trip to Moscow in 1950. He broke with Stalinism, becoming a revisionist Marxist advocating a humanist interpretation of Karl Marx. One year after the 1956 Polish October, Kołakowski published a four-part critique of Soviet Marxist dogmas, including historical determinism, in the Polish periodical Nowa Kultura His public lecture at Warsaw University on the tenth anniversary of Polish October led to his expulsion from the Polish United Workers' Party. In the course of the 1968 Polish political crisis, he lost his job at Warsaw University and was prevented from obtaining any other academic post.

He came to the conclusion that the totalitarian cruelty of Stalinism was not an aberration but a logical end-product of Marxism, whose genealogy he examined in his monumental Main Currents of Marxism, his major work, published in 1976 to 1978.

Career
Kołakowski became increasingly fascinated by the contribution that theological assumptions make to Western culture and, in particular, modern thought. For example, he began his Main Currents of Marxism with an analysis of the contribution that various forms of ancient and medieval Platonism made, centuries later, to the Hegelian view of history. In the work, he criticized the laws of dialectical materialism for being fundamentally flawed and found some of them being "truisms with no specific Marxist content", others "philosophical dogmas that cannot be proved by scientific means" but others being just "nonsense".

Kołakowski defended the role which freedom of will plays in the human quest for the transcendent. His Law of the Infinite Cornucopia asserted a doctrine of status quaestionis: for any given doctrine that one wants to believe, there is never a shortage of arguments by which one can support it. Nevertheless, although human fallibility implies that we ought to treat claims to infallibility with scepticism, our pursuit of the higher (such as truth and goodness) is ennobling.

In 1965, Kołakowski, Maria Ossowska and Tadeusz Kotarbiński drew up a report on the meaning of the concept of message, which was used by the defence in the trial of Jacek Kuroń and Karol Modzelewski who were charged by the communist authorities with "propagating false information" in their Open Letter to the Party.

In 1968, Kołakowski became a visiting professor in the Department of Philosophy at McGill University in Montreal and in 1969 he moved to the University of California, Berkeley. In 1970, he became a senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He remained mostly at Oxford, but he spent part of 1974 at Yale University, and from 1981 to 1994, he was a part-time professor at the Committee on Social Thought and in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Chicago.

Although the Polish Communist authorities officially banned his works in Poland, underground copies of them influenced the opinions of the Polish intellectual opposition. His 1971 essay Theses on Hope and Hopelessness (full title: In Stalin's Countries: Theses on Hope and Despair), which suggested that self-organized social groups could gradually expand the spheres of civil society in a totalitarian state, helped to inspire the dissident movements of the 1970s that led to Solidarity and eventually to the collapse of Communist rule in Eastern Europe in 1989. In 1975, he was one of the signatories of the Letter of 59, an open letter signed by Polish intellectuals who protested against the changes of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland that were made by the communist party of Poland in 1975. In the 1980s, Kołakowski supported Solidarity by giving interviews, writing and fundraising.

Kołakowski maintained throughout his life and career a view of Marxism that was distinct from that of existing political regimes, and he relentlessly disputed these differences and defended his own interpretation of Marxism. In a famous article entitled "What is Left of Socialism", he wrote "The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia had nothing to do with Marxian prophesies. Its driving force was not a conflict between the industrial working class and capital, but rather was carried out under slogans that had no socialist, let alone Marxist, content: Peace and land for peasants. There is no need to mention that these slogans were to be subsequently turned into their opposite. What in the twentieth century perhaps comes closest to the working class revolution were the events in Poland of 1980-81: the revolutionary movement of industrial workers (very strongly supported by the intelligentsia) against the exploiters, that is to say, the state. And this solitary example of a working class revolution (if even this may be counted) was directed against a socialist state, and carried out under the sign of the cross, with the blessing of the Pope."

Reception in Poland
In Poland, Kołakowski is regarded as a philosopher and historian of ideas but also as an icon for anti-communism and opponents of communism. Adam Michnik has called Kołakowski "one of the most prominent creators of contemporary Polish culture". He authored more than 30 books in a career spanning more than five decades. He is also regarded as a great populariser of philosophy. His writings, lectures and TV appearances encouraged people to ask questions, even the most banal ones, and praised the figure of a jester in philosophy – somebody who is "not afraid to challenge even our strongest assumptions and maintains a healthy distance towards everything."

Death
Kołakowski died from multiple organ failure on 17 July 2009, aged 81, at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, England. In an obituary, philosopher Roger Scruton wrote that Kołakowski was a "thinker for our time" and that, regarding Kołakowski's debates with intellectual opponents, "even if ... nothing remained of the subversive orthodoxies, nobody felt damaged in their ego or defeated in their life's project, by arguments which from any other source would have inspired the greatest indignation".

Awards
In 1986, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected Kołakowski for the Jefferson Lecture. Kołakowski's lecture "The Idolatry of Politics", was reprinted in his collection of essays Modernity on Endless Trial.

In 2003, the Library of Congress named Kołakowski the first winner of the $1 million John W. Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achievement in the Humanities. When announcing the inaugural laureate of the prize, James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress, emphasized not only Kolakowski’s scholarship but also his "demonstrable importance to major political events in his own time," adding that “his voice was fundamental for the fate of Poland, and influential in Europe as a whole."

His other awards include the following:
 * Jurzykowski Prize (1969)
 * Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (1977)
 * Veillon Foundation European Prize for the Essay (1980)
 * Erasmus Prize (1983)
 * MacArthur Fellowship (1983)
 * Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities (1986)
 * Award of the Polish Pen Club (1988)
 * University of Chicago Press, Gordon J. Laing Award (1991)
 * Prix Alexis de Tocqueville (1994)
 * Honorary degree of the University of Gdańsk (1997)
 * Order of the White Eagle (1997)
 * Honorary degree of the University of Wrocław (2002)
 * Kluge Prize of the Library of Congress (2003)
 * St George Medal (2006)
 * Honorary degree of the Central European University (2006)
 * Jerusalem Prize (2007)
 * Democracy Service Medal (2009)

title: Leszek Kołakowski


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crainic soft

Crainic soft was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

The page seems to be more of a Vanity Page. It is about a young software company/project that began in 2000. The whole article looks like marketing and there is nothing "notable" about the company to justify the page. Dent 13:12, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia isn't a free ad space, or indeed any ad space. —Rory ☺ 13:22, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert. jni 13:35, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:47, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete; advertisement for a non-notable company. • Benc • 08:39, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:205.236.2.125

title: User talk:205.236.2.125


text:
Zbigniew Religa

Zbigniew Eugeniusz Religa (16 December 1938 – 8 March 2009) was a Polish cardiac surgeon and politician.

Career as doctor
Religa finished his studies at the Medical University of Warsaw in 1963. From 1966 to 1980 he worked in the Szpital Wolski in Warsaw, where he qualified in surgery. In 1973, he visited New York City to train in vascular surgery, and in 1975 he trained in cardiac surgery in Detroit. In 1973, he obtained a Ph. D. degree; in 1981 he finished his habilitation, achieving academic recognition similar to an associate professor or senior lecturer. From 1980 to 1984, Religa lectured at the Warsaw Institute of Cardiology. In 1984 he obtained a chair in cardiac surgery and directed the Cardiosurgical Clinic in Zabrze, in 1990 he became full professor at the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, being its rector from 1997 to 1999. In 2001 he returned to Warsaw to become director of both the Clinic of Cardiac Surgery No. 2 and the Institute of Cardiology.

A pioneer in human heart transplantation in Poland, he led the team that performed the first successful heart transplantation in the country, and in June 1995 he was the first surgeon to graft an artificial valve created from materials taken from human corpses. In 2004, a team led by Religa obtained a prestigious Brussels Eureka award at the World Exhibition of Innovation, Research and Technology for developing an implantable pump for a pneumatic heart assistance system.

Religa held honorary doctorates from the Medical University of Lviv, the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, and the Medical University of Białystok.

The first successful heart transplant in Poland was performed on 5 November 1985. The famous heart transplant (photographed by James Stanfield) was in 1987. The patient was Tadeusz Żytkiewicz, who died in 2017 – 30 years after the operation, outliving the surgeon who gave him a new heart. The surgery lasted for 23 hours. After the surgery, an American photographer, James Stanfield from National Geographic, captured the famous, gripping photograph of Religa monitoring his patient's vitals on medical equipment with one of his colleagues, who assisted him during the surgery, asleep in the corner. According to one of Religa's closest associates, Marian Zembala, the photo doesn't show Żytkiewicz. They analyzed the photo and surgery plan and established that Żytkiewicz's surgery took place two hours later in different operating room. The patient in the photo died during transplantation.

Career in politics
Parallel to his work as a doctor, Religa pursued a career in politics. In 1993, he became a member of the Polish senate and was re-elected in 2001. As the centre and right wing of the Polish political landscape has been in constant flux ever since democracy was reinstated, Religa was a member of several parties and organizations. In 1993, he co-founded the Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms (BBWR) which gathered behind president Lech Wałęsa and was its leader in 1994. In 1995, Religa became the chairman of the short-lived party "The Republicans" (Republikanie) founded by renegade BBWR members who refused to back Wałęsa in the presidential elections of 1995. However, Religa refused to run for president himself, and the Republicans eventually disintegrated when they failed to enter the Sejm in 1997. Spanning the centre and centre-right of Polish politics, Religa was well placed to play a significant role in the newly created Conservative People's Party (SKL), which became part of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) in 1997. In 2004, Religa was involved in founding the new Centrum Party and was elected to the position of honorary chairman.

Religa was considered a promising candidate in the 2005 Polish presidential elections. In his campaigning, Religa drove on his reputation and image as a successful physician, in January 2005, polls indicated support of more than 65%; in March 2005, with 17%, polls showed him ranking second behind Lech Kaczyński (19%) however as the elections neared he continued to lose support to professional politicians, ending up with only 6% votes in August. On September 2 in a move that gained him great respect in the Polish society, Religa pulled out of the presidential race urging his remaining supporters to vote for Donald Tusk from the Civic Platform.

Religa was Minister of Health of Poland in cabinets of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jarosław Kaczyński.

Religa met his wife, Anna Wajszczuk-Religa, when they were in the same study group during their second year in medical school. They got married in 1963 in Siedlce, the bride's hometown. They had two children together, Małgorzata (Margaret) and Grzegorz (Gregory).

Religa was a heavy smoker, and died from lung cancer, diagnosed in 2007.

A movie, Bogowie (Gods), was made about Religa in 2014 by Polish film director, Lukasz Palkowski, where Religa is portrayed by Tomasz Kot.

Awards and decorations

 * Order of the White Eagle (2008)
 * Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1998)
 * Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1995)
 * Order of the Smile

title: Zbigniew Religa


text: User talk:81.76.23.202

title: User talk:81.76.23.202


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McKesson Corporation

McKesson Corporation is a publicly-traded American company that distributes pharmaceuticals and provides health information technology, medical supplies, and health management tools. The company delivers a third of all pharmaceuticals used in North America and employs over 51,000 employees. With $308.9 billion in 2024 revenue, it is the ninth-largest company by revenue in the United States and the nation's largest health care company. The company is headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is a member of the S&P 500 and New York Stock Exchange, where it is traded under the ticker symbol nyse: MCK.

McKesson provides extensive network infrastructure for the healthcare industry and was an early adopter of technologies, including barcode scanning for distribution, pharmacy robotics, and RFID tags. The company has been named in a federal lawsuit for profiting from the opioid epidemic in the United States.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, McKesson was a key vaccine distributor, serving as the U.S. government's centralized distributor for hundreds of millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses and ancillary supply kits for over a billion doses across the United States.

19th century
McKesson was founded in 1828 in New York City as Charles M. Olcott by Charles M. Olcott. It was later renamed Olcott, McKesson & Co. and John McKesson in 1833, the business began as an importer and wholesaler of botanical drugs. A third partner, Daniel Robbins, who joined the enterprise as it grew, and who previously "was an assistant to the original partners", was the "Robbins" when the company was renamed McKesson & Robbins following Olcott's death in 1853.

20th century
The company successfully emerged from the McKesson and Robbins scandal under CEO Phillip Musica, one of the most notorious business and accounting scandals of the 20th century, a watershed event that led to major changes in American auditing standards and securities regulations after being exposed in 1938.

In 1967, Foremost Dairies, a company founded by James Cash Penney, which was headquartered in San Francisco since 1954, acquired McKesson & Robbins in a hostile takeover to form Foremost-McKesson Inc. The Foremost dairy operations were sold in 1982 and the name changed to McKesson Corporation but headquarters remained in San Francisco.

In 1999, McKesson acquired medical information systems firm HBO & Company (HBOC). The combined firm operated as McKessonHBOC for two years. Accounting irregularities at HBOC reduced the company's share price by half, and resulted in the dismissal and prosecution of many HBOC executives.

21st century
In 2001, the company's name reverted to McKesson. In the early 21st century, McKesson increased its market in medical technology through acquisitions, including Per Se Technologies and RelayHealth in 2006 and Practice Partner in 2007.

On January 6, 2006, McKesson acquired NDCHealth Corporation.

In 2010, McKesson acquired the oncology and physician services company US Oncology, Inc. for $2.16 billion, which was integrated into the McKesson Specialty Health business.

In April 2012, McKesson agreed to pay the United States $190M to settle allegations that it had inflated prices and overbilled Medicaid. Three months later, in July 2012, McKesson agreed to pay California and 28 other states $151M to settle allegations that it had inflated prices and overbilled Medicaid.

On June 24, 2013, The Wall Street Journal reported that McKesson Chairman and CEO John Hammergren's pension benefits of $159 million had set a record for "the largest pension on file for a current executive of a public company, and almost certainly the largest ever in corporate America".

In 2014, McKesson acquired Celesio to become one of the world's largest health care companies, with over $179 billion in annual revenue.

In June 2016, McKesson announced plans to merge its IT business with Change Healthcare.

In 2017, McKesson was involved in a number of lawsuits against the state of Arkansas over the supply of vecuronium bromide. McKesson was under contract by Pfizer not to sell to any correctional facility that authorized and carried out capital punishment.

In November 2018, the company announced it would relocate its headquarters from San Francisco to Irving, Texas, effective April 1, 2019. Also in April 2019, Brian Tyler took over as CEO of the company.

In February 2020, McKesson Corp announced that it would part ways with Change Healthcare. McKesson gave up its ownership in the company and its three seats on the company's board of directors.

Opioid epidemic
In 2008, McKesson paid $13 million in fines for failing to report large orders of hydrocodone. In January 2017, McKesson agreed to pay a $150 million civil penalty for alleged similar violations of the Controlled Substances Act regarding the distribution of opioids.

In January 2017, McKesson agreed to pay $150M to settle allegations that it had not done enough to track and stop suspicious opioid sales. The agreement also obligated McKesson to suspend all sales of controlled substances from its distribution centers in Colorado, Florida, Ohio, and Michigan for multiple years.

In May 2020, Attorney General of Oklahoma Michael J. Hunter sued McKesson in Bryan County District Court, alleging that the company's actions helped fuel Oklahoma's opioid crisis. The suit was filed along with lawsuits against Cardinal Health and AmerisourceBergen, and the three lawsuits allege that the three companies provided "enough opioids to Bryan County that every adult resident there could have had 144 hydrocodone tablets."

In January 2022, McKesson, AmerisourceBergen, Cardinal Health, and Johnson & Johnson agreed to pay $26 billion to settle with all but five of the states suing them. Had the states gone to court, the companies could have faced up to $95 billion in penalties.

COVID-19 pandemic
In August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC and HHS selected McKesson as the U.S. government's centralized distributor for COVID-19 vaccine doses and ancillary supply kits under Operation Warp Speed. The company has played a key role in distributing the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines while also distributing ancillary supply kits for these as well as for the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine across the U.S. (in addition to supporting the U.S. government in efforts to send doses and kits abroad).

As of May 5, 2022, McKesson had distributed over 380 million vaccine doses and delivered supply kits to support over 1.2 billion vaccines doses throughout the United States.

Finances
For the fiscal year 2023, McKesson reported earnings of US$3.56 billion on revenue of US$276.711 billion. As of 2023, McKesson was the nation's largest health care company and the ninth-largest company by total revenue on the Fortune 500.

McKesson Provider Technologies
McKesson Provider Technologies is the retail name for McKesson Technology Solutions; the software development division of McKesson. Their customer base in the United States includes 50% of all health systems, 20% of all physician practices, 25% of home care agencies, and 77% of health systems with more than 200 beds.

On June 20, 2005, McKesson Provider Technologies acquired Medcon, Ltd., an Israeli company which provides web-based cardiac image and information management solutions for heart centers, that includes: diagnostic digital image management, archiving, procedure reporting, and workflow management.

In October 2013, McKesson agreed to buy a 50% stake in Germany-based Celesio for $8.3 billion.

McKesson Medical Supplies and Equipment
McKesson Medical-Surgical (MMS) offers a large selection of national health care brands, along with McKesson's exclusive brand of medical products.

Their online medical supply ordering platform serves the needs of physician offices, surgery centers, home health agencies, DMEs, labs, and long-term-care facilities.

In 2015, McKesson Medical-Surgical opened its new headquarters in Richmond, Virginia.

Health Mart pharmacy franchise
Health Mart, a network of over 4,000 independently owned and operated pharmacies, is a wholly owned subsidiary of McKesson Corporation, which owns the name "Health Mart". McKesson acquired Health Mart owner FoxMeyer in October 1996.

Former divisions
McKesson operated the Mosswood Wine Company from 1978 until 1987, when the division was sold to maintain their focus on pharmaceuticals. The division was founded and run by wine writer Gerald Asher.

NDC Health
NDC (from the initials of its former identity as National Data Corporation) became NDC-Health Corp in 2001.

National Data Corporation
National Data Corporation was a time-sharing company that began in 1967 and subsequently absorbed competitor Rapidata. Rapidata held on, and became part of National Data Corporation. It was still of sufficient interest in 1982 to be the focus of "A User's Guide to Statistics Programs: The Rapidata Timesharing System". Even as revenue fell by 66% and National Data subsequently developed its own problems, attempts were made to keep this timesharing business going.

Rapidata was listed in The AUERBACH Guide to Time Sharing in 1973.

McKesson Canada
In 1991, McKesson Corporation acquired a 100 percent interest in Medis Health and Pharmaceutical Services from Provigo. In 2002, the McKesson Canada name was adopted. McKesson Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of McKesson Corporation. It includes various business units: McKesson Pharmaceutical, McKesson Automation, McKesson Specialty, McKesson Health Solutions and McKesson Information Solutions.

In 2012, McKesson agreed to purchase Canadian pharmacy chains IDA, Guardian Pharmacy, and The Medicine Shoppe from the Katz Group of Companies for $920 million.

In March 2016, McKesson agreed to purchase Canadian pharmacy chain Rexall from the Katz Group of Companies for $3 billion. The deal was finalized in December 2016 following approval received under the Investment Canada Act.

On April 12, 2017, it was announced that McKesson Canada reached a deal to acquire 330 Uniprix pharmacies.

In May 2018, McKesson Canada closed 40 Rexall locations in Ontario and Western Canada.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, McKesson, operating as McKesson Information Solutions UK Ltd, was a provider of information technology services to the health care industry. In addition to numerous clinical software systems and finance and procurement services, McKesson also was responsible for developing the Electronic Staff Record system for the National Health Service which provided an integrated payroll system for NHS's 1.3 million staff, making it the world's largest single payroll IT system. McKesson Shared Services also provided payroll services for over 20 NHS Trusts, paying over 100,000 NHS members.

McKesson's United Kingdom base was in Warwick with data centers in Newcastle upon Tyne and Brent Cross and offices in Sheffield, Bangor, Glasgow and Vauxhall, London. Across the United Kingdom, it employed over 500 people.

In 2014, McKesson sold most of their healthcare software business to the private equity firm Symphony Technology Group and indicated also that they would not be re-bidding for the Electronic Staff Record contract. This came after the company had posted significant year on year losses in revenue (16% in the 2012/13 financial year ) after taking over a very successful British operation in 2011.

In April 2022, McKesson UK was acquired by the private equity company, Aurelius Group in a £477m deal. The companies acquired by Aurelius include LloydsPharmacy, and AAH Pharmaceuticals.

Australia and New Zealand
In 2010, McKesson Asia-Pacific was acquired by Medibank Private Ltd.

McKesson ANZ is a fully owned subsidiary of McKesson Corporation. McKesson expanded its footprint in Australia and [New Zealand]] by acquiring Emendo in November 2012. McKesson ANZ develops and sells healthcare optimization services and software. The company has traditionally been focused on the public markets in Australia and New Zealand. The majority of the District Health Boards in NZ use one or more of McKesson's Capacity Management solutions.

Christchurch in New Zealand, is one of McKesson's global Capacity Management R&D centers of excellence. All of McKesson's R&D for McKesson Capacity Planner is performed in New Zealand. The company employs approximately 40 team members across Australia and New Zealand, including general management, R&D, sales, services, and support employees.

McKesson Capacity Planne, formerly Emendo CapPlan, is used in more than 40 hospitals in Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Canada, and the U.S. to forecast future patient activity and help health systems to allocate resources efficiently and identify unnecessary costs.

Germany
On November 2, 2020, Walgreens Boots Alliance (WBA) and McKesson announced the completion of their previously announced agreement to create a joint venture combining their respective pharmaceutical wholesale businesses in Germany, Alliance Healthcare Deutschland (AHD) and GEHE Pharma Handel (GEHE). WBA holds a 70 percent controlling equity interest in the joint venture and McKesson holds the remaining 30 percent interest.

title: McKesson Corporation


text:
Dan Biocchi

Dan Biocchi is a Canadian politician and reserve member of the Canadian 4 x 100m relay team at the 1976 Olympic Games. He was a candidate in the 2004 Canadian federal election and has advocated for proportional representation and Latin American issues.

Biocchi was born November 28, 1955, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He emigrated to Montreal, Quebec, in August 1962.

Biocchi received a master's degree in political science from the University of Alberta. He taught political science at McGill University and Marianopolis College in Montreal while working on his doctorate at McGill. He has been a Latin American correspondent with Associated Press.

Biocchi is the founder of the Ottawa chapter of Fair Vote Canada, an organization that lobbies for proportional representation. In the 1980s, he was a member of the Latin American Solidarity Community, assisting Chilean refugees in Canada after escaping the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

Politically, Biocchi was the Green Party of Canada's citizenship and immigration critic during the 2004 federal election, running as their candidate in the riding of Ottawa—Orléans. He placed fourth out of four candidates, with 2,699 votes (4.6% of the total). The winning candidate was the Liberal Party of Canada's Marc Godbout. Biocchi was a candidate in the Cumberland Ward in Ottawa's 2006 municipal election, placing third.

title: Dan Biocchi


text:
Talk:Emirates Stadium

Emirates cup
I deleted the Emirates Cup section as it was written extremely badly and it really has nothing to do with the stadium itself. (14:25, 21 August 2009) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lapzwans (talk • contribs) 14:28, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

UEFA Rating
Seeing as the Emirates has been nominated as one of the stadium in contention to hold the 2011 UEFA Cup final, it is reasonable to assume that it is, at the very least, in fact a 4 star stadium.

http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=News&article=483428&lid=NewsHeadline&Title=Emirates+Stadium+up+for+2011+UEFA+Cup+Final Hasanclk 17:03, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * That's just pure assumption and supposition - until it's quoted in a reliable source it cannot be included. There are another four years before the Final occurs & for certification to take place. Qwghlm 22:41, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

I would have thought it was a 5 star because (from what i've seen) it seems to fulfill all the criteria for one. I guess they went for the UEFA cup final first to see how the neutral European comunity reacted to the stadium then if its positive, go for the Champions league final a few years later The C of E (talk) 18:42, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Ashburton Grove vs the Emirates
according to WP:COMMONNAME, shouldn't this article be named as Ashburton Grove? Stadia named by sponsorship agreements are likely to change name in the future.  L.J.Skinner wot 14:21, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * WT:WPF is currently discussing this matter, but in relation to existing stadiums that have been renamed. Though I don't like the sponsored name, my opinion is that in this case, as the stadium has operated under the name since its opening then it should be under this name. If the name changes in 2014 then the article can be moved then. Googling for Emirates Stadium v. Ashburton Grove makes it clear that the former is the much more common name for it. Qwghlm 15:19, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Whilst I take your points, there are numerous occasions where wiki forgoes "common" names in favour of "official" names. A couple I can think of off the top of my head are West Ham United's Boleyn Ground, formerly known as Upton Park .  A quick google search will show Upton Park - 2 million sites, and photos, Boleyn Ground -  only 900,000 sites, the first of which is wiki, and one says "Boleyn Ground (Upton Park)".  I can see why this is a different case, as Ashburton Grove has never had an official non-sponsorship name, but the point stands.  I shall take some of this to the discussion which you have highlighted.   L.J.Skinner wot lfæfæftæætægæflfæfææffåf 18:07, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * However, Emirates Stadium is also the official name of the stadium as well as the most common name, so by using Boleyn Ground (or indeed Arsenal Stadium, another stadium nicknamed by the area it stood in) as a precedent this article should stay where it is. Requesting a move would not be unreasonable, but I still think the article is best where it currently is. Qwghlm 19:13, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The official name is, was, and always will be The Arsenal Stadium (like 'Highbury' before it). I'm sure AFC cou;d back this up. Whilst under construction the Emirates's letters spacing and even it's font were cleared for the planed change back, after the sponsorship deal finished. If Emirates aren't paying you directly, you have no reason to mis-name it 888dave888holly888 (talk) 19:24, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * check out the fonts at "Ashburton Grove" & "Highbury" 888dave888holly888 (talk) 19:30, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=yPZh6gs3&id=86EBFF9F443CDC108C9F36268E9903DE31A274C3&thid=OIP.yPZh6gs3rPFUH7lesbKi_QHaFj&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fi.pinimg.com%2foriginals%2f43%2f7c%2f07%2f437c07bdca51e4635b14301e466ef333.jpg&cdnurl=https%3a%2f%2fth.bing.com%2fth%2fid%2fR.c8f661ea0b37acf1541fb95eb1b2a2fd%3frik%3dw3SiMd4DmY4mNg%26pid%3dImgRaw%26r%3d0&exph=1944&expw=2592&q=arsenal+stadium+emirates+facade&simid=608027834558659982&FORM=IRPRST&ck=83617ABF631304395F6EAABD95228F71&selectedIndex=0&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0
 * https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=YE0FMVra&id=AF0672046F83320C02EB2A1AE6754B46CE282C17&thid=OIP.YE0FMVralMWWagRiNshMmAHaE7&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fhips.hearstapps.com%2fhmg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com%2fimages%2fhighbury-stadium-arsenal-front-london-portico-1536936174.jpg%3fresize%3d980%3a*&cdnurl=https%3a%2f%2fth.bing.com%2fth%2fid%2fR.604d05315ada94c5966a046236c84c98%3frik%3dFywozkZLdeYaKg%26pid%3dImgRaw%26r%3d0&exph=653&expw=980&q=arsenal+stadium+highbury+facade&simid=607999749779817553&FORM=IRPRST&ck=D5C8B4815A489258B4D75B1186138619&selectedIndex=0&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0 888dave888holly888 (talk) 19:53, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Emirates obviously pay the Premier League and the BBC. Are they also paying you, Wikipedia? 888dave888holly888 (talk) 20:15, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * and not UEFA 888dave888holly888 (talk) 20:17, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

Stadium - fans and prices
Arsenal's more hardcore fans (through a group known as RedAction) were (unusually for British football) involved in the development of the stadium in that they worked with the club to select an area in which the fans who tended to lead the chanting and singing would be able to sit (or in fact mostly stand) together. The club recognised RedAction two years before the opening of the new stadium (again an unusual move for what was a non-official grouping) and a location (directly opposite the away fans section) was agreed.

The move was significant in that Highbury had been known among supporters as being a particularly quiet stadium, and the focussing of the noisiest supporters in one section undoubtedly helped increase the volume of the support.

By autumn 2007 the effect of RedAction was seen to be expanding across the lower tier behind the goal at the northern end, as their scarf waving activities caught on among other supporters.

Ticket prices and attendance

Although Arsenal prices are recognised as among the highest in club football anywhere in the world, Arsenal have sought to keep prices down. In particular, Carling Cup matches, in which the manager normally selects a reserve team, and even includes some youth players on occasion, are normally priced at a much lower level than EPL games.

Despite the fact that lesser known players turn out for such games Carling Cup matches at the Emirates are sold out as quickly as other matches. Indeed such is the popularity of the stadium that in 2006 a youth cup match attracted a record 32,000 to the stadium.
 * All very interesting, but what is your point? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.254.70.190 (talk) 15:35, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Emirates Stadium Capacity
Please note that the capacity of the Emirates Stadium's capacity has been officially changed from 60,432 to 60,355. Please see the Chairman's report in Arsenal plc's financial report of May 2007 and the Official Matchday Programme of Arsenal v Bolton Wanderers dated 20th October 2007, in the Q & A section, page 59. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.203.116.210 (talk) 10:06, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Away fan capacity
I suspect this has been tampered with at some point, can someone who edits article this regularly fix it? --128.16.12.204 (talk) 12:11, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

Pitch
One for Qwghlm I think but says there is some fancy method available for assisting with grass growth since the stadium's architecture doesn't allow sunlight to reach all of the pitch during winter. Know any more about it? 81.77.136.231 (talk) 17:11, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, google gives info from Super surface at Emirates Gunners pitch perfect Arsenal leading light (by the manufacturers) and Arsenal’s Paul Burgess uses technology to put grounds management in the spotlight. 81.77.136.231 (talk) 20:10, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

According to Premier League Handbook 2009/10 Emirates pitch size is 105m by 68m. This figure is registered at the start of the season and can not be changed during the season. Furthermore, UEFA regulations require that size where construction permits. (Varmenni (talk) 20:09, 12 February 2010 (UTC))

Record Attendance
Does anyone have any objection to a section showing the progressive record attendance? Goonerak (talk) 19:17, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Expansion
Is there any capacity for expansion of the ground?. With a lot of new stadiums being built around Europe, especially in England, the size of Emirates will lose it's advantage over smaller grounds. Plus, the club comfortable draw 60,000 a game, and could probably host closed to 100,000. Was this envisioned when the stadium was built, otherwise Arsenal might outgrow their new home fairly quickly.
 * There is no potential to increase the height of the stadium as this has been restricted by the local planning authority. There has been talk of building downwards - how feasible this is I couldn't say. They could reduce the width of the seats as they are very spacious for an average person.--[[User:Goonerak|

Should this be mentioned in the articles, most other stadium articles have a section about future developments and expansion, and it might be an idea to add something about the difficulties and unlikeness of this happening at the Emirates. Lord Cornwallis (talk) 03:06, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The question of capacity isn't an issue of getting narrower seats or of demand, but getting people into and out of the area - I have no sources for this, but obvious as it's a nightmare after a game, so until the tubes in the area under goes a major upgrade, it ain't gonna happen. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.254.70.190 (talk) 15:40, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

I've always suspected it might be something to do with transport. The railways around there aren't so bad, as football grounds go, but I doubt it would be fun trying to disperse 100,000 with the current stations. I'll try and find a source for this, as it seems worth of brief inclusion in the article. Lord Cornwallis (talk) 05:28, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

I have included a section on this in the article. I go over safe-standing, expansion methods and current regulations. Currently, the stadium is comfortably under the local architecture height limit. It is the local authority capacity limitations at Holloway Road Tube Station and Arsenal Tube Station that limit attendance. I have 'Arsenal Legend's tour' guide, Perry Groves as a source for this though I do not have anything in writing to prove it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 101.109.197.58 (talk) 18:15, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

Attendences
I think that fact that says that every Premier League match has been a sellout should be removed because its not true.

The best example I can use that can prove why its false is because the game today (Blackburn) was NOT a sellout because (according to Arsenal's website) tickets were still on sale on the day of the match so that makes this "fact" a falsehood The C of E (talk) 20:26, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

"Arsenalisation"
There's some pretty major stuff happening that really should be included especially the players surrounding the stadium and Armory Square. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.109.106.8 (talk) 04:14, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

UEFA Stadium Ranking
Does anyone know what the UEFA ranking of this stadium is. They recently changed their ranking system. Wembley is a category 4. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wakeyjamie (talk • contribs) 11:39, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Vuvuzela ban!
Well, well, well it looks like Arsenal have banned the vuvuzela from the Emirates (Thank the Lord!) Should this great news be included in the article? The C of E.          God Save The Queen! (talk) 10:47, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

Update picture
I do get the feeling that to keep this article up to date, we need a new picture in the opening box of the stadium including all the murals they've put around the outside. Can someone do this The C of E. God Save The Queen! (talk) 08:42, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

Location is Highbury, not Holloway
Refer to discussion under Arsenal F.C. - its generally agreed that the location is Highbury N5. 188.223.195.138 (talk) 10:42, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Emirates vs. Ashburton Grove again
If the title of this article is Emirates Stadium, it doesn't seem to make sense for the opening line to be "Ashburton Grove, known for sponsorship reasons as the Emirates Stadium". The reverse ("Emirates Stadium, called Ashburton Grove by some supporters") would seem more logical. And let's be honest here - the name "Emirates Stadium" is more widely used in the footballing world for this stadium. The current intro makes it sound like Ashburton Grove is the common name for the stadium, which may have been the case in 2006 but is not now. 12.239.145.114 (talk) 23:39, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Agree. If some supporters prefer the name "Ashburton Grove," that's their choice but it is not the official name of the stadium. I'm changing it. 71.205.174.204 (talk) 16:25, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Reversed, see WP:LEAD. It's formal name is 'Ashburton Grove' because that is the geographical name of the site, and therefore is appropriate to lead the article. By your logic, North Korea should not start off as: "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea..." -- Lemonade51 (talk) 16:48, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Nonsense. Emirates paid for the official naming rights.  The fact that some fans won't accept the sponsorship is no reason for this encyclopedia, which is supposed to take a neutral point of view, to take their lead. 108.254.160.23 (talk) 03:30, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Emirates Stadium is the official name, and references to the use of the informal Ashburton Grove should be removed. Palaeozoic99 (talk) 16:48, 28 February 2013 (UTC)
 * While I agree that Emirates Stadium should be used, I don't think reference to Ashburton Grove should be removed as it is an alternative name used unofficially same as Brisbane Cricket Ground is also known as The Gabba.  The C of E  God Save the Queen!  ( talk ) 18:54, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I can understand having "Ashburton Grove" in there as an alternate name, but we should not open the article with it. 108.254.160.23 (talk) 21:46, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

 * This edit is wrong. Look at the pages of other stadiums with sponsorship names. Etihad stadium in Melbourne is universally known as Etihad stadium however the wikipedia article introduces it as "Docklands stadium, known as Etihad stadium for sponsorship reasons". This should be changed back. In fact I'm in favour of calling the entire page Ashburton Grove. If Higbury's page is titled Arsenal Stadium then surely this should be titled Ashburton Grove. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.107.71.83 (talk) 05:34, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

 * If what you say is true, then that page is in error, not this one. This is an encyclopedia, not a fan site.  Peoples' dislike of corporate sponsorship should not be a factor in what we title an article. Emirates Stadium is this facility's legal name, just as Arsenal Stadium was the legal name of its predecessor. Alternate names can be mentioned in the article at some point.  108.254.160.23 (talk) 17:34, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

Ticket Prices
We should add somewhere that the ticket prices are notoriously high at the Emirates, and were recently (not sure if still are) the highest priced tickets in the league. Let me know if you think it should be added in, and we can make some changes. Adamh4 (talk) 15:11, 18 April 2014 (UTC)
 * No, forget it! Ticket prices don't belong in any good encyclopedia! --Aliwal2012 (talk) 22:51, 1 September 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 January 2019
The owner of the Stadium is in fact, Sir Jesse Lingard OBE. I do not appreciate this slander on his name and fully expect the change to be done swiftly and promptly. If you do not comply, there will be a contract of 5 million dollars on the table. 195.194.131.200 (talk) 09:26, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ― A Poor Historian (talk) 09:42, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * please be aware of WP:NLT. GiantSnowman 10:00, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advise. I shall report it in the future. ― A Poor Historian (talk) 10:08, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 January 2020
change the "Owner" from Manchester United player's name ("Jesse Lingard") back to "Arsenal Holdings plc" (He didn't own nothing ... subbed off early in a 2-0 loss :) 49.224.159.93 (talk) 02:26, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Done, by Heolkpop – Thjarkur (talk) 16:27, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Ariana Grande Concert
On 22 May 2017 at 22:31 BST (UTC+01:00),[4]:3.8 a suicide bomber detonated an improvised explosive device, packed with nuts and bolts to act as shrapnel, in the foyer area of the Manchester Arena. The attack took place after an Ariana Grande concert that was part of her 2017 Dangerous Woman Tour.[5][6] 14,200 people attended the concert.[7] Many exiting concert-goers and waiting parents were in the foyer at the time of the explosion. According to evidence presented at the coroner's inquest, the bomb was strong enough to kill people up to 20 metres (66 ft) away.[8]

Greater Manchester Police declared the incident a terrorist attack and suicide bombing. It was the deadliest attack in the United Kingdom since the 7 July 2005 London bombings.[4]:3

Aftermath About three hours after the bombing, police conducted a controlled explosion on a suspicious item of clothing in Cathedral Gardens. This was later confirmed to have been abandoned clothing and not dangerous.[9][10]

Residents and taxi companies in Manchester offered free transport or accommodation via Twitter to those left stranded at the concert.[4]:4.85 Parents were separated from their children attending the concert in the aftermath of the explosion. A nearby hotel served as a shelter for people displaced by the bombing, with officials directing separated parents and children there.[4]:4.85 Manchester's Sikh temples (gurdwaras) along with local homeowners, hotels and venues offered shelter to survivors of the attack.[11]

British military personnel alongside armed police as part of Operation Temperer in response to the raised threat level Manchester Victoria railway station, which is partly underneath the arena, was evacuated and closed, and services were cancelled.[5][12] The explosion caused structural damage to the station, which remained closed until the damage had been assessed and repaired, resulting in disruption to train and tram services.[13] The station reopened to traffic eight days later, following the completion of police investigation work and repairs to the fabric of the building.[4]:4.57

After a COBRA meeting with Greater Manchester's Chief Constable, Ian Hopkins, on 23 May, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the UK's terror threat level[14] was raised to "critical", its highest level.[4]:5.247 The threat level remained critical until 27 May, when it was reduced to its previous level of severe.[15] In the aftermath of the attack Operation Temperer was activated for the first time, allowing up to 5,000 soldiers to reinforce armed police in protecting parts of the country.[16][17][18] Tours of the Houses of Parliament and the Changing of the Guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace were cancelled on 24 May, and troops were deployed to guard government buildings in London.[19]

On 23 May, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, via the Nashir Telegram channel, claimed the attack was carried out by "a soldier of the Khilafah". The message called the attack "an endeavor to terrorize the mushrikin, and in response to their transgressions against the lands of the Muslims."[20][21][22] Abedi's sister said that he was motivated by revenge for Muslim children killed by American airstrikes in Syria.[23][24]

The Arena remained closed until September 2017, with scheduled concerts either cancelled or moved to other venues.[25] It reopened on 9 September, with a benefit concert featuring Noel Gallagher and other acts associated with North West England.[26]

May announced an extra £13 million reimbursement from central government to Manchester's public services for most of the costs incurred by the attack in January 2018.[27] Later that month, Chris Parker, a homeless man who stole from victims of the attack, was jailed for 4 years and three months.[28] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.68.116.44 (talk) 03:47, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 May 2020
The correct name is The Arsenal Stdium (currently sponsored by an airline) 62.255.225.218 (talk) 11:35, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

 * ❌. It's not clear what changes you want to make. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 13:52, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

Other Uses
Need to add the Men's Rugby League World Cup 2021 semi final, the first non-football sporting event to take place at the stadium on 12/11/2022 (delay due to COVID). England Vs Samoa. 86.1.108.214 (talk) 13:27, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

Nickname
The Emirates Stadium (known as Arsenal Stadium for UEFA competitions) nicknamed “The Carpet” is a football stadium in Holloway, London, England. Ashwals (talk) 18:48, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * You need a source for that.  The C of E God Save the King!  ( talk ) 22:49, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 August 2023
In July 2023, Arsenal unveiled an official statue of Wenger holding the “Invincible” Premier League trophy outside the Emirates Stadium, joining the likes of Dennis Bergkamp, Tony Adams, and Herbert Chapman to be commemorated in such a way outside the stadium Drcool 25 (talk) 03:46, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. – Recoil16 (talk) 10:42, 26 August 2023 (UTC)
 * https://www.arsenal.com/news/arsene-wenger-statue-unveiled-emirates-stadium Drcool 25 (talk) 08:27, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

‘Other Uses’ section
Arctic monkeys preformed here June 16th-18th 2033! Just wanted to let you guys know :) Oklolsies (talk) 02:37, 28 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Find an WP:RS for it and it might be able to be included, but I suspect that might be too WP:TRIVIAL to include.  The C of E God Save the King!  ( talk ) 09:22, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 March 2024
add arctic monkeys to the other uses section, 3 concerts held last year 2A00:23C5:39A9:DB01:B553:1AEC:8448:9402 (talk) 12:00, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. M.Bitton (talk) 14:52, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Arctic Monkeys to play at Emirates Stadium | Event | News | Arsenal.com
 * Arctic Monkeys at Emirates Stadium review | Evening Standard
 * Arctic Monkeys at London's Emirates Stadium: Review & setlist - Radio X Freddiew14 (talk) 22:04, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emirates Stadium


text:
Sabre (tank)

Sabre is a variation of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), featuring the turret from a wheeled Fox Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle mounted on the hull of a tracked FV101 Scorpion.

Development
This UK hybrid vehicle was introduced as a less expensive way of producing a similar vehicle to the 30mm cannon armed FV107 Scimitar tracked reconnaissance vehicle, but with a slightly lower profile turret. It was brought into service in 1995. During initial combat exercises, several flaws were identified. In particular, the vehicle lacked defensive capabilities. As such, modifications were made to the turret of the Sabre to include redesigned smoke grenade launchers and the L94A1 7.62 mm chain gun replacing the standard 7.62 mm FN MAG general-purpose machine gun, for anti-personnel use. An ammunition hopper sits on the side of the machine gun allowing the weapon to be more quickly reloaded than a belt-fed machine gun.

The UK initiated the Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (TRACER) to replace the Sabre and Scimitar. In 1996 the U.S. joined in on the project. In 2001, both the UK and U.S. dropped out of the joint program.

The marriage of the Fox turret and Scorpion chassis was not successful, and Sabre was withdrawn from British Army service in 2004.

Additional specification

 * Smoke grenade dischargers
 * Ammunition:
 * 30 mm: 160 rounds Armour-piercing Enhanced Penetration (APEP) and High Explosive (HE)
 * 7.62 mm: 3,000 rounds

title: Sabre (tank)


text: Category:Churches in France

title: Category:Churches in France


text:
Talk:British Armed Forces

Exercise Steppe Eagle
It would be nice if Wikipedia had an article given over to Exercise Steppe Eagle. 31.52.255.111 (talk) 21:05, 25 February 2019 (UTC)
 * I suggest that you start the article in your sandbox, and add some references so that other editors can help you write the article. Adding reliable sources will help determine if the topic is notable enough for an article. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 08:56, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

Cadets
This article could have a short section summarising the different cadet forces of the UK. Should it have one? --Dreddmoto (talk) 21:43, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * They are not a part of the British Armed forces. If they are, and when/if become one day branch of the armed forces can be added one short section summarising them. 109.93.121.223 (talk) 20:33, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

109, I see what you mean. Thanks. --Dreddmoto (talk) 20:22, 14 February 2021 (UTC)

Infobox

 * 1) In the infobox, for the "conscription" parameter, it was simply noted as "", without a source, going back awhile. Then on 1 August 2021, a source was added and "" was changed to "", by.
 * 2) On 23 October 2021, that was changed to "" (while keeping the same source), by.
 * 3) On 14 November 2021, it was changed to "" (again same source), by IP user
 * 4) On 30 November 2021, user blanked the parameter altogether, with the edit summary: "''Optional for infobox, age and term if any about conscription yes otherwise redundant.
 * 5) As this info (& source) were not found anywhere else in the article, their edit was reverted with the edit summary: "removal of sourced content as "redundant", but it doesnt seem appear elsewhere in the article".
 * 6) again reverted, (thought this wasn't actually a revert, they clicked "undo" then made a different edit). They again added "" in the parameter, along with the same source as before, this time with the edit summary: "Pretty clear situacion, yes or no, if yes age and term of conscription. That is it by infobox template.".
 * 7) Again, their reasons for their actions and this content change weren't exactly clear, so the page was reverted back to quo again, with the edit summary: "your summaries are not that clear, and discussion via back-and-forth summaries is not an option, so pls state your concerns on the talk page, thx".
 * 8) Instead of stating their concerns on the talk page, they again reverted (for the 3rd time in 19 hours), with the edit summary: "Totally clear edit summaries. Check infobox template. And what goes under conscription. Some concern? Start talk page discussion".
 * 9) After posting a personalized message on their user talk page, reminding them both of wp:brd and wp:ew, they replied with:"I didn't make any single mistake in my edit, that is it. Infobox template is pretty clear about what goes under conscription, it is age and term, if there is conscription. In British case things are clear, no conscription and that is enough to be noted. In general it is minor edit.".

My response to was to encourage them to discuss this issue. They mention that their edits are "clearly" supported by the template documentation, which of course is just that, and not a policy or (afaict) a guideline or matter of consensus. That have thus far refused to engage, until I posted a message on their talk page, and following that have so far refused to engage on this talk page. I would like to know: why all the reverts, (different reverts at that) and why remove useful and sourced information from the article completely? Why the difficulty getting them to discuss this? Surely this can be resolved with a simple friendly discussion, no? Thanks -  wolf  04:58, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Sir oh please, show where the rules are broken and what exactly is my "crime"? Do Brits have conscription, no? Good, no is noted already and that is pretty enough for infobox. And the case about The UK is clear. In a case to they get it one day would be age and term as it is case almost in all other infoboxes. Tnx. Nubia86 (talk) 05:54, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Or to we start linking everything and anything into infoboxes, for example: Boris Johnson PM since 2019? Someone could find that also as a really useful info and easy to obtain some source for that. Or why to say conscription abolished from 1963, maybe better to put active from 1916 to 1920 and then 1939 to 1963? Infobox should be clear and simple thing to avoid complications and to make current status easy to understand. And in this case "infobox template documentation" is clear and I must say logical: "conscription – optional – The conscription age and term." Especially when the case is clear, no draft registration or so and the United Kingdom case is clear indeed. Nubia86 (talk) 06:13, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I just listed a series of edits and asked why you felt it was so important to remove that information that you had to resort to edit warring. Some information is better than (virtually) none. I asked for an explanation, and instead you post a lengthy, hostile, sarcastic rant. Since nothing was accomplished here, the article is back at quo. Feel free to seek dispute resolution if you like. -  wolf  16:24, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Sorry your "good faith" edits are not improvement so it must to be reverted. I just can't go against "infobox template documentation", it is clear and I must say logical: "conscription – optional – The conscription age and term." Oh btw, the conscription ended in 1960, not in 1963 acc to the source. Anyway, only what matter is about now, is it enforced conscription or not, and what is age and term of service. I would understand totally if this case is not clear so it needs to be explained more detailed, for e.g: some form of conscription exists in some law but not enforced or something like that. In that case it is good to be more detailed explained also in infobox. Nubia86 (talk) 16:26, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * (forgot to ping. You said "pay attention to the talk page", hope you're doing the same, re: below message. - wolf  05:06, 2 December 2021 (UTC))
 * Well, if you would like to add additional, (and correct) content, with new sourcing, to the article body, that would be a possible solution, as the extra details would then not be needed in the infobox. But as for "infobox template documentation", as I said, it's not policy, it's simply guidance. And as the history shows, there is a consensus here in support of the quo version, and template guidance doesn't override consensus. (imho) -  wolf  17:25, 1 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I just noticed the edits you attempted to make earlier. Was this what you were trying to do? -  wolf  05:25, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, something like that. Maybe that is totally fine solution. If you think that could work I agree. Nubia86 (talk) 07:12, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, the point was, and this appears to be shared by those other editors, was that this information was useful. I was opposed to it being arbitrarily removed. With this edit, the information is retained so I am fine with it. -  wolf  09:29, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

Infobox Royal Navy vs Naval Service
In the infobox, the Royal Navy (linked as shown) is listed as a service branch. Would it be more accurate to list HM Naval Service as the service branch or would this cause confusion. AWN08 (talk) 11:11, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Armed Forces


text:
Talk:Freedom of worship

I've just done some work on the freedom of religion site, trying to include this material. A couple of people have suggested the merher already, and I'm not opposed to it. My problems with that article, leading me to initiate this one, were that (a) it was entirely historical, and (b) it treated the princople as an abstract one -- where the issue was not implementation but simply recognition.

The issues of implementatioin I began to address in this article should resolve both of those problems. If merged it as best I can into freedom of religion now, but a lot more work is needed. --Christofurio 13:23, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)

POV
A lot of this article seems POV (maybe it's just the phrasing of the examples) --Jacobolus 03:17, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "Freedom of worship" is the second of Four Freedoms outlined in the 1941 State of the Union address. Quite often writers who have not actually read the Four Freedoms address make the mistake of calling it "freedom of religion". Roosevelt made it quite plain that he was discussing the "worship of God", he was not discussing theology or religious doctines. He said that every person had the right to worship God in his own way, everywhere in the world. The discussion of freedom of religion is a theological matter involving doctrines. Worship of God by anyone in their own way says nothing about the intervention of others (rabbis, priests, ministers, etc.), it merely states that freedom of worship is an individual matter of choice and that essentially it is not the place of other people to dictate how a person chooses to worship God. Worship involves physical action versus mere thought or discussion about ideas. If you can find a better way of stating all of the above - go for it. MPLX/MH 20:16, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Freedom of worship


text:
Talk:Arsk

Old talk
See the official list of Tatarstan towns and regions at http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?node_id=791 The list is in English. --Gene s 13:24, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi!

I'd seen this list, but I'm sure, that this list is full of mistakes. No.. I'm not sure, I know it! Naberezh nye Chelny are not Nabereznye Chelny! Tetyushi are not Tetushi! Someone (as me) translated this list, doing Indian work. (m.b. it was the programmer, build this site).

Need more comments? Ask to User:Ezhiki about this problem.

User:Untifler--217.30.248.248 14:33, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You are referring to minor typos as opposed to your completely different and unrecognizable town names. Typos are easy to correct. Your town names are completely unknown. --Gene s 15:02, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

FWIW, I have just seen the weather forecast on Tatar television (in Tatar) and the town was clearly marked "ARSK" on the map. --Pan Gerwazy 10:40, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Probably that the map used in this programm is also used for the Russian-language version... --Üñţïf̣ļëŗ ( see also: ә? Ә!) 13:46, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arsk


text:
Talk:North Fork Toutle River

Untitled
Ideally, this page should be a redirect to Toutle River, but at this time that page doesn't exist. For now, I fixed this page, and will make it one of my todo items to work on Toutle River if someone else doesn't get to it first. -- Kaszeta 13:26, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:North Fork Toutle River


text: Category:Abbeys

title: Category:Abbeys