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Scarisbrick

Scarisbrick is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England. The A570, the main road between Ormskirk and Southport, runs through Scarisbrick, and much of the village lies along it. As a result, it does not have a traditional village centre, though the junction with the A5147 is close to the geographic centre.

Toponymy
Scarisbrick literally means "Skar's slope" and comes from the Old Norse Skar (a personal name) + -es (possessive) + brekka ("slope"). It is thought that the personal name is Danish, though the second element suggests Norwegian settlement. The "slope" may refer to a slight incline between two streams near the site of Scarisbrick Hall. The name was recorded as Scharisbrec c.1200, Skaresbrek in 1238, and finally Scarisbrick c.1240.

History
In its early history, travellers tended to avoid Scarisbrick parish. Martin Mere, a large lake with associated marshlands and peat bogs, made the immediate area quite difficult to cross. Much of the flat land between Southport and Liverpool is polder reclaimed from marshes and the lake. The modern-day hamlets of Barrison Green, Bescar, Carr Cross, Drummersdale, Hurlston, Pinfold, and Snape Green were formed from the early farms and settlements that did arise in the area.

Scarisbrick still contains many structures and artefacts from its past. The Old School House, constructed in 1809, has served several roles in its history and now contains two residences. A pillbox constructed during World War II can be found near a bridge over the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. It was from Pinfold, where the canal is closest to Southport, that William Sutton picked up waterway passengers for transport to his "Original Hotel", known better as "Duke's Folly" - the foundation of Southport. The canal now is used for recreational purposes. The only Catholic church there, St Elizabeth's, was founded by the Marquis of Casteja and was named after his wife. There are many other churches there as well.

"Wheelwrights House", a former workshop located on Southport Road, is another of the many listed buildings in Scarisbrick.

Demography
According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, Scarisbrick parish had a population of 3,554 people living in 1,505 households, with an almost even distribution between males and females. The parish covers an area of 3207 ha, giving a population density of undefined PD/ha. The increase in population from 3,204 in 2001 represents a growth rate of NaN% over ten years.

A majority of 97.2% of residents were born in the United Kingdom, and 96.8% identified as being of "White British" ethnicity. Religion was recorded as 78.5% Christian, with 14.5% of residents being of no religion, and 6.1% declining to state; only NaN% belonged to an alternative religion. Of the 2,695 residents aged between 16 and 74, 67.7% were regarded as economically active, and of those 4.7% were unemployed.

Transport
Scarisbrick is on the A570 road, which runs northwest through it between Ormskirk and Southport for 4.7 mi. The A5147 road, which runs north from Maghull through Halsall, terminates at its junction with the A570 at Scarisbrick. There are also two B roads, the B5242 which leads towards Burscough, and the B5243 which provides an alternative route into Southport. The nearest motorway links are junction 3 of the M58, 4.4 mi to the southeast at Bickerstaffe, and junction 27 of the M6, 7.9 mi east at Wrightington.

Arriva North West operate several bus services in Scarisbrick. The 385 and 375 are hourly services from Southport to Wigan which both follow similar routes; the 385 crosses Scarisbrick directly along the A570, while the 375 takes a diversion along the B5242 through the more rural parts of the parish, before rejoining the A570 at Ormskirk. The half-hourly 300 service from Southport to Liverpool also passes through Scarisbrick.

Bescar Lane railway station, which opened in 1855, is managed by Northern Trains on the Manchester to Southport Line. As of May 2015, trains generally operate eight times a day Monday–Saturday in each direction, travelling westbound to Southport (12–15 minutes) and eastbound to Manchester Oxford Road via Wigan Wallgate (65–70 minutes). There are no train services at Bescar Lane on Sundays. During the 2013–14 financial year, the station was used by an estimated 3,146 passengers.

Heathey Lane Halt, a station on the Barton branch of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, was on the boundary between Scarisbrick and Halsall, just to the north of the B5243 road bridge. The station was in operation between 1907 and 1938, and the line itself closed in 1952.

Notable people

 * Derek Acorah (1950–2020), spirit medium and television personality known for his work on the series Most Haunted, lived in Scarisbrick.
 * Michael Hastings, Baron Hastings of Scarisbrick, CBE (born 1958), life peer educated at Scarisbrick Hall School.
 * John Lennon (1940–1980), singer-songwriter and co-founder of the Beatles, employed as a labourer at Mill Brow waterworks in 1959.
 * Johnny Mitchell (born 1971), former professional American football player, coaches American sports at Scarisbrick Hall School.
 * Samuel Nevill (1837–1921), first Bishop of Dunedin in New Zealand and former curate of Scarisbrick.
 * St John Plessington (c.1637–1679), priest educated at Scarisbrick Hall, canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970.
 * Will Sergeant (born 1958), musician and guitarist with Echo & the Bunnymen, lives in Scarisbrick.
 * James Valiant (1884–1917), cricketer formerly of the Morris Dancers public house, died of wounds during World War I.

title: Scarisbrick


text: Category:Federal Bureau of Investigation images

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nookie in New York

Nookie in New York
Stub description of a television parody from The Simpsons. There have been so many parodies on the show - do each of them need their own encyclopedic article? Ian Pugh 00:02, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak merge and redirect to Sex and the City. Or just delete.   — Gwalla | Talk 03:28, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Every ten-second parody on The Simpsons does not needs its own article.Andrew Levine 03:21, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Far too trivial. Dsmdgold 22:08, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable parody. jni 08:10, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable parody. anthony (see warning) 21:26, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. --G Rutter 15:31, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Maybe mention on Sex and the City, but redirect not necessary. Nohat 18:21, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Too minor. It's a TV show that has many segments.  Not all need articles.  Not any do. Geogre 02:05, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Brzeziński

Brzeziński (feminine: Brzezińska, plural: Brzezińscy) is a Polish surname.

History
The surname is derived from the root word "brzoza" ("brzez-" in some compound words), meaning "birch". The adjective suffix "-ski" means "being like" or "belonging to", so Brzeziński refers to a person from one of the localities named for a concentration of birch trees, such as Brzezina, (a small village in Western Pomerania). In Polish, Brzeziński has a diacritic over the letter "ń", and the Polish pronunciation is "bzhe-ZEEGN-ski" (where GN sounds like the NI of "onion").

The Brzeziński surname was originally borne only by the szlachta, the Polish noble class, who took their names from their estates, but it later spread to the working and peasant classes as well. It is known to be associated with at least nine different coats of arms:

 * Dołęga coat of arms (originating in eastern Poland)
 * Doliwa coat of arms (originating in Łęczyca)
 * Gryf coat of arms (borne by the two Brzeziński families ennobled by the Tsar in his role as "King of Poland" in the 19th century)
 * Kościesza coat of arms
 * Łabędź coat of arms (originating in Sandomierz)
 * Lubicz coat of arms (originating in Płock)
 * Prus III coat of arms
 * Trąby coat of arms (originating in Kraków)
 * Zabawa coat of arms

There were 25,361 persons with the name Brzeziński in Poland in 1990. The name has been borne by many notable Poles and persons of Polish descent, including:

In Poland

 * Adam Brzeziński (1768–after 1797), Polish ballet dancer
 * Adrian Brzeziński (born 1998), Polish sprinter and long jumper
 * Anna Brzezińska (disambiguation), several people
 * Bogumił Brzezinski (born 1943), Polish chemist and professor
 * Ewelina Brzezińska (born 1988), Polish volleyball player
 * Marcin Brzeziński (born 1984), Polish rower
 * Patryk Brzeziński (born 1984), Polish rower
 * Tadeusz Brzeziński (1896–1990), Polish diplomat and soldier
 * Wacław Brzeziński (1878–1955), Polish baritone singer

In other countries

 * David W. Brzezinski (born 1976), American college professor and author
 * Doug Brzezinski (born 1976), American football player
 * Emilie Benes Brzezinski (1932–2022), American sculptor, wife of Zbigniew Brzezinski
 * Ian Brzezinski (born 1963), American foreign policy and defense expert, son of Zbigniew Brzezinski
 * Mark Brzezinski (born 1965), American lawyer and diplomat, son of Zbigniew Brzezinski
 * Matthew Brzezinski (born 1965), author and journalist, son of Lech Brzeziński
 * Mika Brzezinski (born 1967), American TV news anchor, daughter of Zbigniew Brzezinski
 * Rob Brzezinski, American football executive
 * Zbigniew Brzezinski (1928–2017) American foreign policy expert, son of Tadeusz Brzeziński

title: Brzeziński


text:
Talk:Knots Landing

Correction
VHS tapes were made available of the show. CBS Home Video had a subscription service for them and they were sent on a regular basis to subscribers. It covered the first few seasons. The official Knots Landing site confirms VHS tapes exist.

Help, Admin!
I was trying to change the category "Soap opera" to "Soap Opera" because I didn't like the way "Soap opera" looked, and stupid internet explorer cut off half the page. That's what I get for not taking the extra five seconds to load Mozilla. Can someone revert?

Thanks

Juppiter 15:01, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The category will not be changed to "Soap Opera". The manual of style dictates if there is a certain genre and it is not normally capitalized that way, the lower case stays. Mike H 22:03, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you mean in that table? The "O" doesn't need to be capitalized. That underscore needs to go, though. Mike H 22:04, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * I know it didn't need to be changed on the table, it's just an aesthetic thing really. Thanks for using your awesome admin powers! ;-)
 * Juppiter 22:29, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Someone needs to correct Steve Shaw, it links to a person who is in politics, the Steve Shaw who was on Knots Landing died in a car crash in 1990. I tried to correct the article but the bot thing removed it. Thanks!

Infobox
Isn't the infobox supposed to be brief? IMO, having every actor ever to be credited on the show in there is redundant since they're already named in "Credited Cast." Juppiter 20:19, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I do agree with you. Alec Baldwin is definetely not a major actor of Knots Landing ! Lvr 08:59, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Who Killed Ciji?
This really isn't my field of knowledge, but it seems to me there is some confusion about Ciji's murderer; in Season 4 it says Gary "was arrested for her murder, even though Val confessed to killing Ciji.". In Season 5 it says "Diana married Chip while on the run with him. Even though Chip confessed to Diana that he'd killed Ciji...". Ok, I googled and found http://www.knotslanding.net/episodeguide/season5.htm which states that "the real kiler was Chip." It also says in the Season 4 episode guide that Val did confess (presumably to protect Gary). Perhaps that could be clarified?

216.239.74.247 05:58, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Chip killed Ciji, but Val confessed because Gary was arrested and tried for the crime. juppiter  bon giorno   #c  19:00, 21 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Gary was tricked into "admitting" he killed Ciji during an alcoholic blackout. He went to trial, but it became clear he wasn't guilty. Chip had done it. Asa01 09:37, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

I would just like to add that Gary actually thought that he had killed Ciji. After his alcoholic blackout, he woke up on the beach only yards from where the body was found. Not being able to remember, he thought he was the killer. Also, Valene DID think that she was Ciji's killer. She had gone to Ciji's apartment earlier that day. The two had an argument. Ciji said horrible things to Val and Val shoved her. Ciji fell and hit her head. When Val had learned that Ciji was killed by a blow to the head, she confessed. Given the way Valene felt about Gary, the other characters assumed that she confessed to protect him. There were two blows to the head. The first one came from Val, the second one was the one that killed her. It came from Chip. Tallone110 (talk) 20:50, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Article Length
I agree that this article is too long, but I don't want ANY of it split to subpages. Rather, I think that certain contributors should stop making even longer by adding unconfirmed and completely superfluous info. Juppiter 01:54, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Juppiter, You don't own this article,nor any other so ANYONE is allowed to make constructive edits. And it is NOT up to ONLY you what is "unconfirmed and completely superfluous info". Wikipedia is the online encyclopedia that ANYONE can edit. Quit trying to have ownership of the article.--99.177.250.140 (talk) 20:36, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Trivia
Someone restored this item, but I've taken it back out: Season 5 was 1983-84 and Michele Lee's nomination was in 1982, so either this storyline is attributed to the wrong season or it was not what got her the nomination. TAnthony 19:46, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * At first, Michele Lee hated the season 5 drug dependency storyline, but producers forced her to do it, earning Lee an Emmy nomination.

 * this is true, Michele Lee was nominated for Best Actress for the 3rd season (1981-82) and so it was probably her storyline about Sid dying that got her the nomination, not the drugs one which was 2 years later. (Julie Harris was nominated for Best Supporting Actress in season 3 also). MassassiUK

Ratings
Hiya guys, I've added some ratings info to the page. To avoid confusion, please note that actual ratings (20.0, 19.5, etc) are different from the rankings (9th place, 11th place, etc) as rankings are only relevant in relation to the other shows in that particular season. Furthermore, this also dispels the myth that Knots had low ratings to start with, which was not the case. Its first season scored a 20.0 rating though it finished 30th for the year. It also scored a 20.0 rating for its sixth season, when it finished 9th for the year. It means it had the same audience numbers, but that now only 8 other shows were doing better than it because most of the competition from the year of its first season had fallen. The ratings information can be found in "The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network & Cable Shows" written by Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh (8th Edition) (though I'm sure you can find it on the web somewhere too if you look around). MassassiUK 01:46, Friday 22 June 2007

 * There seems to be a widespread myth that Donna Mills boosted the show's ratings when she was brought in, when in fact, ratings actually dropped slightly. Also, Knots did not have disappointing ratings for its first season, as stated above. It scored a 20.0 for 1979-80. Dallas scored a 25.0 for the same year. However, Knots' first season ratings were actually bigger than Dallas' first season ratings in 1978-79. MassassiUK 22.24, Sunday 8 July 2007

Does this make any sense?
I don't understand the following- Galveston died, leaving his company to Greg Sumner, Galveston’s son. Assuming he would inherit Empire Valley, Greg resigned from the Senate, but Galveston left it to Gary.

Who did Galvestion leave it to? Greg Sumner or Gary? The sentence says Greg at first then at the end of the sentence it says he left it to Gary.--99.177.250.140 (talk) 21:03, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

incomprehensible prose
The section on Kevin Dobson needs rewriting; it's hard to understand:

''After getting married, Mack was as determined as he would be to get to believe Karen in almost everything she knew he did, whether if was being honest or not. (Despite not being an original cast member, Kevin Dobson appears in all the episodes of the series with the exception of two, during the last season, that very moment he joined the cast in 1982).''

This article is excruciatingly long. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.229.42.136 (talk) 00:37, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

The writing is pretty funny actually:

''In the show's first episode, which aired on December 27, 1979 on CBS, a giddy Valene ran on the beach, proclaiming to Annie Fairgate that she’d never seen the ocean. She would return to the ocean many times over the years, especially after her babies were kidnapped and declared dead during the sixth season.'' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.6.227.69 (talk) 13:37, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Danny Waleska.
Danny Waleske was not murdered, by Julie, nor anyone else. He had attacked Julie, who slammed a door on his fingers. Since he was drunk, he fell in a swimming pool, but drowned, unable to swim properly due to the broken fingers. I remembered this happening when it aired but since that is original research I went to http://www.knotslanding.net/villains/, and checked under Danny Waleska and I was correct. He was not murdered. Also http://www.knotslanding.net/ Is not a fan website, it is the official tv show website and can be used as a valid reference. I am changing the section about Danny Waleska being murdered, since he was not.--74.240.238.50 (talk) 23:38, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Overhaul.
Sorry, but Knots Landing needs a major overhaul. I mean, things like -Knots Landing unveiled a new opening at the start of season 3. In what is probably the best-remembered introduction... Have no sources and read like fan cruft. I'm going to try to fix this a little each day. Anyone want to help? Knots landing.net is a good place for refs since it is the show official website.--BeckiGreen (talk) 00:01, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Season-by-season premises, longest-running night-time soap, etc.
Knots Landing ran for fourteen seasons, from 1979 to 1993, but I do not think a complete premise for each season is needed; only the highlights should be touched on. The premises for Season 1–14 should be chopped and cleaned up, only major characters and memorable plots should be discussed. All of this should be under a title perhaps saying "Story" or "Series synopsis", which would discuss all of the seasons' plots and characters, but in a shorter, more orderly manner. See the Dallas and Dynasty pages for examples.

Also, I do think there should be some mentioning that Knots Landing is indeed the longest-running night-time soap opera (or serial) to date. Knots Landing ran for fourteen years (1979–1993), Dallas for thirteen years (1978–1991), Falcon Crest for nine years (1981–1990), and Dynasty for eight years (1981–1989). Although Knots Landing ran one year longer, Dallas made thirteen more episodes; but technically, did not have the longest run, and in reality, had just thirteen seasons, not fourteen. Knots Landing was still a Top 40 series when cancelled in 1993, whereas the others had dropped to a series-low by their cancellations.

Here are just some things I feel should be done to improve this page on Knots Landing. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.221.35.36 (talk) 15:44, July 5, 2014

Series synopsis
I have written a new section titled "Series synopsis" that details all fourteen seasons in a shorter way. The information I included is the very information Wikipedia in fourteen different sections. Opinions, anyone? I honestly think this is better. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.101.233.216 (talk) 00:34, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Your way doesn't seem and shorter, it is difficult to navigate a giant section of plot like that. Trimming some seasons may be appropriate, and perhaps combining some in a logical way to reduce the number of sections, but one giant plot summary is bad.— TAnthonyTalk 03:44, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

 * So I guess having fourteen different sections filled with grammatical errors and choppy and, in some cases, minor plot details, is better? I was only trying to help. All I am trying to say is that this "Synopsis" section is far too long. The Dallas, Dynasty, and Falcon Crest have shorter and much more interesting examples of how it should be done. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.101.233.65 (talk) 19:24, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I've restored your rewrite, which I agree is better that what was there before. Are you able to section it somehow, not necessarily by season? It's too unwieldy as one giant section, and calls attention to it's own length, which pushes the limit.— TAnthonyTalk 04:38, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

 * When looking at the other Wikipedia pages concerning the soaps from the same era, Dallas doesn't necessarily mention a great deal about its plot beyond the basics; Falcon Crest does basically the same thing, while also including some of its cliffhangers and critical reviews. In this aspect, Dynasty is probably the most successful. It's page gives a good overview on the show, its major plot lines, significant characters, cliffhangers, and viewership with quotes and critical reviews tossed in. Knots Landing should have something like this; I mean the saga Seaview Circle had the longest duration, but it's "synopsis" or "premise" section doesn't have to compete by length, or any thing like it.

Knots Landing, as a previous poster stated, could have "sections" dividing different eras in the show, just as the Dynasty and Falcon Crest pages do. Some of the more fanatical Knots fans could perhaps comprise a new synopsis section with the following subtitles: Early seasons (Season 1–4), Middle seasons and popularity (Seasons 5–9 or 10), Final seasons and series finale (Seasons 10 or 11–14). Just some thoughts...

Trivia
The "Who Lived Where" section is blatant in-universe trivia, and I've removed it from the article. I'm placing it below for anyone interested in the information, but I can't imagine an acceptable way to reintroduce any of it. — TAnthonyTalk 05:46, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

 * 16961 Seaview Circle
 * Kenny Ward (Seasons 1–4)
 * Ginger Ward (Seasons 1–4)
 * Erin Molly Ward (Seasons 3–4)

 * 16969 Seaview Circle
 * Abby Fairgate Cunningham (Seasons 2–4, 14–reunion)
 * Brian Cunningham (Seasons 2–4)
 * Olivia Cunningham (Seasons 2–4)
 * Gary Ewing (Season 4)
 * Claudia Whittaker (Seasons 12–14)
 * Kate Whittaker (Season 12)
 * Alex Barth (Season 13)

 * 16975 Seaview Circle
 * Richard Avery (Seasons 1–4)
 * Laura Avery (Seasons 1–8)
 * Jason Avery (Seasons 1–8)
 * Daniel Avery (Seasons 4–8)
 * Cathy Geary (Seasons 6, 7)
 * Anne Matheson (Season 8)
 * Patricia Williams (Seasons 9–11)
 * Frank Williams (Seasons 9–13)
 * Julie Williams (Seasons 9–13)

 * 16972 Seaview Circle
 * Karen Cooper Fairgate Mackenzie (Seasons 1–14, reunion)
 * Sid Fairgate (Seasons 1–3)
 * Diana Fairgate (Seasons 1–4)
 * Eric Fairgate (Seasons 1–9)
 * Michael Fairgate (Seasons 1–12)
 * Joe Cooper (Seasons 3-4)
 * Mack Mackenzie (Seasons 4–14, reunion)
 * Mary Frances Sumner (Season 5)
 * Paige Matheson (Seasons 8–10, 13)
 * Linda Fairgate (Season 11)
 * Meg Mackenzie (Seasons 9–14, reunion)
 * Jason Lochner (Seasons 12–13)
 * Abby Cunningham (reunion)

 * 16966 Seaview Circle
 * Gary Ewing (Seasons 1–3, 13–14, reunion)
 * Valene Ewing (Seasons 1–13, 14–reunion)
 * Lilimae Clements (Seasons 3–9)
 * Chip Roberts (Season 4)
 * Joshua Rush (Seasons 6–7)
 * Cathy Geary (Seasons 6–7)
 * Bobby Ewing (Seasons 7–14, reunion)
 * Betsy Ewing (Seasons 7–14, reunion)
 * Ben Gibson (Seasons 7–8)
 * Aunt Ginny (Seasons 10–12)
 * Danny Waleska (Seasons 11–12)

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 external links on Knots Landing. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120818090416/http://www.knotslandingonline.com/joan_van_ark_interview.html to http://www.knotslandingonline.com/joan_van_ark_interview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120818090426/http://www.knotslandingonline.com/michele_lee_interview.html to http://www.knotslandingonline.com/michele_lee_interview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120818090440/http://www.knotslandingonline.com/john_pleshette_interview.html to http://www.knotslandingonline.com/john_pleshette_interview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120818090456/http://www.knotslandingonline.com/ted_shackelford_interview.html to http://www.knotslandingonline.com/ted_shackelford_interview.html

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Merger of Greg Sumner
Looks like the AfD I created ended up resolving in a merger of the Greg Sumner article to this article. This article doesn't discuss any other characters. And the content in the Greg Sumner article is referenced stictly by a self-published fan site. How should such a merge be completed? -- Mikeblas (talk) 06:20, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Honestly, it should effectively be a simple redirect; the lengthy plot sections in Knots Landing cover the character's plot arcs. As you say, the casting info is only sourced by a fansite so it doesn't have a place in the "Behind the scenes" section, or another.— TAnthonyTalk 15:05, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Knots Landing


text:
Robert Louis Stevenson School

Schools named "Robert Louis Stevenson School" or similar include:
 * Robert Louis Stevenson School, New York City
 * Robert Louis Stevenson School, Samoa
 * Stevenson School, Pebble Beach, California

title: Robert Louis Stevenson School


text:
Bombing of Frampol

The Bombing of Frampol occurred during the German invasion of Poland in 1939. On 13 September, the town of Frampol with a population of 4,000 was bombed by the German bombers of Luftwaffe's 8th Air Corps, under General Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen. The town had no military value, and the bombing was seen as a practice run for future missions.

The bombardment
According to Polish journalist Pawel Puzio and local historian Ryszard Jasinski no units of the Polish army were stationed in Frampol and the town did not have any military facilities. The Luftwaffe likely selected Frampol for an experimental bombing since the town had an extensive market square with a grid plan, making it appear as a large bullseye, and there were no anti-aircraft units located at Frampol. In his 1968 book, Augen am Himmel (Eyes on the Sky), German writer Wolfgang Schreyer wrote: "Frampol was chosen as an experimental object, because test bombers, flying at low speed, weren't endangered by AA fire. Also, the centrally placed town hall was an ideal orientation point for the crews. We watched possibility of orientation after visible signs, and also the size of village, what guaranteed that bombs nevertheless fall down on Frampol. From one side it should make easier the note of probe, from second side it should confirm the efficiency of used bombs." British historian Norman Davies writes in Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory: "Frampol was chosen partly because it was completely defenceless, and partly because its baroque street plan presented a perfect geometric grid for calculations and measurements."

The first German reconnaissance plane appeared over Frampol on 9 September 1939 taking reconnaissance photographs of the location then on 11 and 12 September the town was bombed. The first raids did not cause any significant damage, but the subsequent bombing on 13 September completely destroyed the town. According to Davies, 125 bombers dropped 700 tons of explosives during bombing, which lasted for several hours. Furthermore, German fighter pilots trained strafing techniques on refugees who were trying to flee from the city.

Aftermath
After the bombing, on 18 September, a German reconnaissance plane again appeared over Frampol to take photographs of the destruction.

According to Davies, Frampol lost 90% of its buildings and 50% of the population became casualties. Only two streets remained untouched, including some houses on the outskirts. Today Frampol's population is still much lower at about 1.400 people.

In popular culture
The bombing of Frampol plays an important part in the short story "The Little Shoemakers" by Isaac Bashevis Singer.

Isaac Bashevis Singer also wrote "The Tale of Three Wishes" in which artist Irene Lieblich beautifully illustrates the Market Of Frampol, a direct reflection of her memories of Frampol.

title: Bombing of Frampol


text: User talk:165.247.204.20

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body { font: x-small sans-serif; background: #f9f9f9 url("headbg.jpg") 0px 0px no-repeat; color: Black; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

/* scale back up to a sane default */ font-size:127%; width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .visualClear { clear: both; }
 * 1) globalWrapper {

/* general styles */

table { font-size: 100%; background: White; } a { text-decoration: none; color: #002bb8; background: none; } a:visited { color: #5a3696; } a:active { color: Orange; } a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } a.stub { color: #772233; } a.new, a.new:visited,
 * 1) p-personal a.new { color:#ba0000; }
 * 1) p-personal a.new:visited { color:#a55858; }

img { border: none; vertical-align: middle; } p { margin: 0.4em 0em 0.5em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; }

p img { margin: 0; }

hr { height: 1px; color: #aaaaaa; background-color: #aaaaaa; border: 0; margin: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: Black; background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; } h1 { font-size: 188%; } h2 { font-size: 150%; } h3, h4, h5, h6 { border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold; } h3 { font-size: 132%; } h4 { font-size: 116%; } h5 { font-size: 100%; } h6 { font-size: 80%; }

ul { line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0 0 1.5em; padding:0; list-style-image: url("bullet.gif"); } ol { line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0 0 3.2em; padding:0; list-style-image: none; } li { margin-bottom: 0.1em; } dt { font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em; } dl{ margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } dd { line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; }

fieldset { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; } legend { background: White; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 95%; } form { border: none; margin: 0; }

textarea { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: white; width: 100%; padding: 0.1em; overflow: auto; } /* hide this from ie/mac and konq2.2 */ @media All { head:first-child+body input { visibility: visible; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.2em; } } input.historysubmit { padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em !important; font-size: 94%; cursor: pointer; height: 1.7em !important; margin-left: 1.6em; } input[type="radio"], input[type="checkbox"] { border:none; } select { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; vertical-align: top; } abbr, acronym, .explain { border-bottom: 1px dotted Black; color: Black; background: none; cursor: help; } q { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; } /* disabled for now blockquote { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; }*/ code { background-color: #f9f9f9; } pre { padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em; }

/*
 * the main content area

font-size: 84%; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0 0 1.4em 1em; color: #7d7d7d; width: auto; } span.subpages { display: block; }
 * 1) siteSub { display: none; }
 * 2) contentSub {

/* Some space under the headers in the content area */ margin-bottom: 0.3em; } .firstHeading { margin-bottom:0.1em; }
 * 1) bodyContent h1, #bodyContent h2 { margin-bottom:0.6em; }
 * 2) bodyContent h3,
 * 3) bodyContent h4,
 * 4) bodyContent h5 {

/* user notification thing */ .usermessage { background-color: #ffce7b; border: 1px solid #ffa500; color: Black; font-weight: bold; margin: 2em 0em 1em 0em; padding: 0.5em 1em; vertical-align: middle; }   text-align: center; font-size: 95%; padding: 0 0.9em 0 0.9em; } .error { color: red; font-size: larger; }   border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; } /* currently unused, intended to be used by a metadata box in the bottom-right corner of the content area */ .documentDescription { /* The summary text describing the document */ font-weight: bold; display: block; margin: 1em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; } .documentByLine { text-align: right; font-size: 90%; clear: both; font-weight: normal; color: #76797c; }
 * 1) siteNotice {
 * 1) siteNotice p { margin: none; padding: none; }
 * 1) catlinks {

/* emulate center */ .center { width: 100%; text-align: center; }   margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* small for tables and similar */ .small, .small * { font-size: 94%; } table.small { font-size: 100% }
 * .center * {

/*
 * content styles

/*border:1px solid #2f6fab;*/ border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; }   margin-top: 0.7em; font-size: 94%; }
 * 1) toc {
 * 1) toc .tocindent { margin-left: 2em; }
 * 2) toc .tocline { margin-bottom: 0px; }
 * 3) toc p { margin: 0 }
 * 4) toc .toctoggle { font-size: 94%; }
 * 5) toc .editsection {

/* images */ div.floatright, table.floatright { clear: right; float: right; margin: 0; position: relative; border: 0.5em solid White; border-width: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; } div.floatright p { font-style: italic; } div.floatleft, table.floatleft { float: left; margin: 0.3em 0.5em 0.5em 0; position: relative; border: 0.5em solid White; border-width: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; } div.floatleft p { font-style: italic; } /* thumbnails */ div.thumb { margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-style: solid; border-color: White; width: auto; } div.thumb div { border:1px solid #cccccc; padding: 3px !important; background-color:#f9f9f9; font-size: 94%; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; } div.thumb div a img { border:1px solid #cccccc; } div.thumb div div.thumbcaption { border: none; text-align: left; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0.3em 0 0.1em 0; } div.magnify { float: right; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.magnify a, div.magnify img { display: block; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.tright { clear: right; float: right; border-width: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; } div.tleft { float: left; margin-right:0.5em; border-width: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; } .urlexpansion, .hiddenStructure { display: none; } img.tex { vertical-align: middle; } span.texhtml { font-family: serif; }

/*
 * classes for special content elements like town boxes
 * intended to be referenced directly from the wiki src

/* /* table standards */ table.rimage { float:right; position:relative; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center; } .toccolours { border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; } div.townBox { position:relative; float:right; background:White; margin-left:1em; border: 1px solid Grey; padding:0.3em; width: 200px; overflow: hidden; clear: right; } div.townBox dl { padding: 0; margin: 0 0 0.3em 0; font-size: 96%; } div.townBox dl dt { background: none; margin: 0.4em 0 0 0; } div.townBox dl dd { margin: 0.1em 0 0 1.1em; background-color: #f3f3f3; }
 * User styles

/* .special li { line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
 * edit views etc

/* Page history styling */ /* the auto-generated edit comments */ .autocomment { color: gray; } margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0.4em; }   background-color:#f9f9f9; border:1px dashed #aaaaaa; } /* table.diff { background:white; } td.diff-otitle { background:#ffffff; } td.diff-ntitle { background:#ffffff; } td.diff-addedline { background:#ccffcc; font-size: smaller; } td.diff-deletedline { background:#ffffaa; font-size: smaller; } td.diff-context { background:#eeeeee; font-size: smaller; } span.diffchange { color: red; }
 * 1) pagehistory span.user {
 * 1) pagehistory span.minor { font-weight: bold; }
 * 2) pagehistory li { border: 1px solid White; }
 * 3) pagehistory li.selected {
 * Diff rendering

/*    background: url(external.png) center right no-repeat; padding-right: 13px; } .link-https { background: url("lock_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 16px; } .link-mailto { background: url("mail_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; }   background: url("news_icon.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-ftp { background: url("file_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-irc { background: url("discussionitem_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } /* disable interwiki styling */ color: #3366bb; background: none; padding: 0; } /* this can be used in the content area to switch off special external link styling */ background: none !important; padding: 0; } /*
 * keep the whitespace in front of the ^=, hides rule from konqueror
 * this is css3, the validator doesn't like it when validating as css2
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="http://"],
 * 2) bodyContent a[href ^="gopher://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="gopher://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="https://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="mailto:"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="news://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="ftp://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="irc://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a.extiw,
 * 2) bodyContent a.extiw:active {
 * 1) bodyContent a.external { color: #3366bb; }
 * 1) bodyContent .plainlinks a {
 * Structural Elements

/* .portlet { border: none; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0em; float: none; padding: 0; width: 11.6em; overflow: hidden; } .portlet h4 { font-size: 95%; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .portlet h5 { background: transparent; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0.5em; text-transform: lowercase; display: inline; font-size: 91%; height: 1em; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .portlet h6 { background: #ffae2e; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; border-style: solid solid none solid; padding: 0em 1em 0em 1em; text-transform: lowercase; display: block; font-size: 1em; height: 1.2em; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .pBody { font-size: 95%; background: White; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 0.8em 0.3em 0.5em; } .portlet h1, .portlet h2, .portlet h3, .portlet h4 { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .portlet ul { line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; list-style-image: url("bullet.gif"); font-size:95%; } .portlet li { padding:0; margin: 0 0 0 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
 * general portlet styles (elements in the quickbar)

/*
 * Logo properties

z-index: 3; position:absolute; /*needed to use z-index */ top: 0; left: 0; height: 155px; width: 12em; overflow: visible; }   display: block; height: 155px; width: 12.2em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 35% 50% !important; text-decoration: none; }
 * 1) p-logo {
 * 1) p-logo h5 { display: none; }
 * 2) p-logo a,
 * 3) p-logo a:hover {

/*
 * the navigation portlet

position:relative; z-index:3; }
 * 1) p-nav {

/*   position:relative; z-index:3; }       text-align: center; } input.searchButton { margin-top:1px; padding: 0 0.4em !important; font-size: 95%; cursor: pointer; background-color: White; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; }   border: 1px solid #2f6fab; width:10.9em; margin: 0 0 0 0; font-size: 95%; }   padding: 0.5em 0.4em 0.4em 0.4em; }
 * Search portlet
 * 1) p-search {
 * 1) p-search {
 * 1) p-search .pBody {
 * 1) searchInput {
 * 1) p-search .pBody {

/*
 * the personal toolbar

width:100%; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 0 0 0; margin:0; position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index: 0; border: none; background: none; overflow: visible; line-height: 1.2em; }
 * 1) p-personal {

display:none; }   padding:0; margin:0; border: none; z-index:0; overflow: visible; background: none; } /* this is the ul contained in the portlet */ border: none; line-height: 1.4em; color: #2f6fab; padding: 0em 2em 0 3em; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-transform: lowercase; list-style: none; z-index:0; background: none; }   z-index:0; border:none; padding:0; display: inline; color: #2f6fab; margin-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em; background: none; }   text-decoration: none; color: #005896; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: none; }   background-color: White; padding-bottom: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; }
 * 1) p-personal h5 {
 * 1) p-personal .portlet,
 * 2) p-personal .pBody {
 * 1) p-personal ul {
 * 1) p-personal li {
 * 1) p-personal li a {
 * 1) p-personal li a:hover {

/* the icon in front of the user name, single quotes in bg url to hide it from iemac */ li#pt-userpage, li#pt-anonuserpage, li#pt-login { background: url('user.gif') top left no-repeat; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-left: 20px; text-transform: none; }

/*   position:absolute; top: 1.3em; left: 11.5em; margin: 0; white-space:nowrap; width: 76%; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: visible; background: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-left: 1em; list-style: none; font-size: 95%; }   list-style: none; }   display: inline; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: none; padding: 0 0 0.1em 0; margin: 0 0.3em 0 0; overflow: visible; background: White; }   border-color: #fabd23; padding: 0 0 0.2em 0; }   background-color: White; color: #002bb8; border: none; padding: 0 0.8em 0.3em 0.8em; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase; position: relative; z-index: 0; margin: 0; }   z-index: 3; text-decoration: none; }   padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; } /* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ li#ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } li#ca-watch, li#ca-watch { margin-left: 1.6em; }
 * the page-related actions- page/talk, edit etc
 * 1) p-cactions {
 * 1) p-cactions {
 * 1) p-cactions .hiddenStructure { display: none; }
 * 2) p-cactions ul {
 * 1) p-cactions li {
 * 1) p-cactions li.selected {
 * 1) p-cactions li a {
 * 1) p-cactions .selected a { z-index: 3; }
 * 2) p-cactions .new a { color:#ba0000; }
 * 3) p-cactions li a:hover {
 * 1) p-cactions h5 { display: none; }
 * 2) p-cactions li.istalk { margin-right: 0; }
 * 3) p-cactions li.istalk a { padding-right: 0.5em; }
 * 4) p-cactions #ca-addsection a {

/*   position:relative; z-index:3; }
 * the remaining portlets
 * 1) p-tbx,
 * 2) p-lang {
 * 1) p-lang {

/*   background-color: White; border-top: 1px solid #fabd23; border-bottom: 1px solid #fabd23; margin: 0.6em 0em 1em 0em; padding: 0.4em 0em 1.2em 0em; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; }   display: inline; margin: 0 1.3em; } /* hide from incapable browsers */ head:first-child+body #footer li { white-space: nowrap; } margin: 0 8px; position: relative; top: -2px; /* Bump it up just a tad */ }   float: right; height: 1%; }   float: left; height: 1%; }
 * footer
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer li {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico, #f-copyrightico {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico {
 * 1) f-copyrightico {

/* js pref toc */ float: left; margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; width: 13em; }   background-color:#f9f9f9; border:1px dashed #aaaaaa; }   display: block; color: #0014a6; }   clear: both; float: left; margin-top: 1em; } div.prefsectiontip { font-size: 95%; margin-top: 1em; } fieldset.operaprefsection { margin-left: 15em }
 * 1) preftoc {
 * 1) preftoc li { border: 1px solid White; }
 * 2) preftoc li.selected {
 * 1) preftoc a,
 * 2) preftoc a:active {
 * 1) prefcontrol {

/* /* tabs: border on the a, not the div */ border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: none; } /* footer icons need a fixed width */ overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 25px; }
 * IE/Mac fixes, hope to find a validating way to move this
 * to a separate stylesheet. This would work but doesn't validate:
 * @import("IEMacFixes.css");
 * > html #p-cactions li { border:none; }
 * > html #p-cactions li a {
 * > html #p-cactions li.selected a { border-color: #fabd23; }
 * > html #f-poweredbyico,
 * > html #f-copyrightico { width: 88px; }
 * > html #bodyContent,
 * > html #bodyContent pre {

/* more IE fixes */ /* float/negative margin brokenness */ display: inline; margin-bottom: 0; }
 * html #footer {margin-top: 0;}
 * html #column-content {
 * html div.editsection { font-size: smaller; }
 * 1) pagehistory li.selected { position: relative; }

/* Mac IE 5.0 fix; floated content turns invisible */ float: none; }   position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; }   margin-left: 13.2em; }
 * > html #column-content {
 * > html #column-one {
 * > html #footer {

.printfooter { display: none; }

.sharedUploadNotice { font-style: italic; }

a { text-decoration: underline }

/* Donations link to be uncommented during fundraising drives */ margin-top:5px; padding-left: 4px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; }
 * 1) siteNotice {

/****************************/ /* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */ /****************************/ /* Make all non-namespace pages have a light blue content area. This is done by  setting the background color for all #content areas to light blue and then overriding it for any #content enclosed in a .ns-0 (main namespace). I then do the same for the "tab" background colors. --Lupo */

background: #F8FCFF; /* a light blue */ }
 * 1) content {

border-color: #F8FCFF; }
 * 1) content div.thumb {

.ns-0 * #content { background: white; }

background: #F8FCFF; }
 * 1) mytabs li {

.ns-0 * #mytabs li { background: white; }

background-color: #F8FCFF; }
 * 1) mytabs li a {

.ns-0 * #mytabs li a { background-color: white; }

background-color: #F8FCFF; }
 * 1) p-cactions li a {

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li a { background-color: white; }

.ns-0 * #content div.thumb { border-color: white; }

/**************************/ /* END LIGHT BLUE SECTION */ /**************************/

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" */ display: inline; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; }
 * 1) siteSub {

color: #000; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; padding-right: 0; }
 * 1) bodyContent #siteSub a {

/* Bold 'edit this page' link to encourage newcomers */
 * 1) ca-edit a { font-weight: bold !important; }

/* Display "User $1, you are already logged in!" (MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin) in red and bold */ div.alreadyloggedin { color: red; font-weight: bold; }

@media print { /* Do not print edit link in templates using Template:Ed Do not print certain classes that shouldn't appear on paper */ .editlink, .noprint, .metadata, .dablink { display: none } }

/* Style for "notices" */ .notice { text-align: justify; margin: 1em 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; }

border-top: 3px double #cccccc; border-bottom: 3px double #cccccc; }
 * 1) disambig {

border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom:2px solid #ddd; }
 * 1) spoiler {

/* Accessibility experiment: make diff changes not just colour-based */

.diffchange { font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit; }

td.diff-addedline, td.diff-deletedline, td.diff-context { font-size: 85%; color: inherit; }

font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; }
 * 1) pt-login {

form#userlogin { float: left; padding: 1em 1em .7em 1em; background-color: #ffffe6; border: 2px solid #fc6; color: #000; margin-right: 2em; }

form#userlogin table { float: left; background-color: #ffffe6; color: #000; }

p.error { font-weight: bold; }

/* Class styles */

/* .toccolours added here because version in   monobook/main.css wasn't being used by the print style */ .toccolours { border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; }

/* Remove padding from external links displayed without icon */
 * 1) bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important}

/* Experiment: slightly fade inactive tabs */

filter: alpha(opacity=90); }
 * 1) p-cactions a {

filter: none; }
 * 1) p-cactions a:hover, #p-cactions .selected a {

display: none; }
 * 1) p-nav h5 {

.portlet a { text-decoration: none; }

.portlet a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

padding-right: 0; }
 * 1) p-nav .pBody {

display: block; width: 100%; }
 * 1) p-nav a {

/* Special characters list below edit window works better without underlining */
 * 1) editpage-specialchars a { text-decoration: none; }
 * 2) editpage-specialchars a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* If you don't want to see special characters list at all, put the following line in your User:You/monobook.css file (and remove the slash-asterisk comments) */ /* #editpage-specialchars { display: none; } */

/* Makes the background of a framed image white instead of gray. */ /* Only visible with transparent images. */ /* See #Framed_image_background_color */ div.thumb div a img { background-color:#ffffff; }

title: User:Rdsmith4/myskin.css


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Afternoon Yak

Afternoon Yak
See above. Ian Pugh 00:08, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Subtrivial even to fans of the show.   — Gwalla | Talk 03:29, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. (at most, optionally merge into Simpsons article, but I think delete is better) Ropers 06:46, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. What Gwalla said. Andrew Levine 03:22, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivial snippet of pseudo-knowledge. Dsmdgold 22:09, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Uninteresting trivia. Nohat 18:22, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: No merge, no redirect. The Simpsons is fine. Geogre 02:06, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Rabbit Test (film)

Rabbit Test is a 1978 American comedy film about the world's first pregnant man, directed and co-written by Joan Rivers and starring Billy Crystal in his film debut.

This was the only directing effort by Joan Rivers, who also plays a nurse in a brief scene, while her daughter Melissa Rivers also has a bit part. Rivers' husband, Edgar Rosenberg, was producer. It was the only theatrical feature to be scored by the team of Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. Michael Keaton made his feature film debut in a small non-speaking role.

The title is a reference to the Friedman test, commonly known as the rabbit test, a medical procedure used for several decades in the 20th century to determine pregnancy.

Plot
Lionel Carpenter (Billy Crystal) is a night-school teacher who has bad luck with women. He remains a virgin until his brash cousin Danny (Alex Rocco) sets him up with a one-night stand. Soon after, Lionel starts feeling nauseated and vomits, eventually doing so onto Segoynia Savaka (Joan Prather), one of his immigrant students. This turns out to be a blessing in disguise, as it gives him an excuse to ask her out on a date, and a romance develops.

When Lionel meets Segoynia's fortune-telling grandmother (played by Roddy McDowall in drag), she intuits that he is the world's first pregnant man. This results in a series of gags relating to his pregnancy and people's reactions to it. One side plot has Lionel being pursued by the Army because the President of the United States is afraid of what effect the widespread ability of men to conceive will have on population growth.

In the ending sequence, which is patterned after the Nativity, Lionel finally goes into labor. The camera rises to Heaven, where God announces to the viewers the successful delivery: "Oh my god... It's a girl!"

Cast
The main cast includes the following:

Production
When all the major studios turned Rivers down for funding, she raised about half the film's $997,000 budget by remortgaging her home and convincing her father to do the same, and raised the other half with a series of investment deals. Rivers explained how she got so many cameos on a tiny budget: "We had no money to spare. I made up a letter: 'Dear so-and-so, we'd love to have you be in a part; there is no money, no point in arguing, etc.'" All involved did stints for scale ($185), with a bonus if the film made over $18 million. Another $1 million was allotted for promotion and publicity.

Release
The film opened in pre-release on February 17, 1978, in six cities (Nashville, Rochester, Columbus, Houston, Denver and Portland) before an official opening in Los Angeles on April 7.

Reception
Rabbit Test drew negative reviews from the majority of critics.
 * Roger Ebert rated the film 1 star out of 4 and wrote that it "is not a funny movie. It really isn't. It's jammed from wall to wall with eccentric characters and throwaway one-liners and would-be funny signs ('The Christian Science Memorial Hospital'), but it's just not funny. And I know it's not, because I would have laughed if it had been."
 * Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4 and called it a "trivial and tasteless little movie ... It's nothing more than a series of tired ethnic insults and vulgar sex jokes."
 * Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Miss Rivers has turned to directing without paying much heed to whether a whole movie constructed from one-liners is worth even the sum of its parts. In her case, it's not—and the one-liners weren't all that sparkling to begin with. When it winds up on television, which is where a movie this visually crude belonged in the first place, Rabbit Test may improve slightly: Constant commercial interruptions may help distract attention from the movie's continuity problems, which are severe. And the coarseness of its comedy may not seem so insufferable to an audience willing to sit still for Laverne and Shirley."
 * Variety stated that "Rivers has taken a slim concept ... and come up with a generally slim feature. To be sure, it contains a few yocks, but the humor—from one liner to one liner—never emerges; it's 84 minutes of forced setups."
 * Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Ostensibly this film, sure to be among the year's worst, is a comedy, but it's really a mystery, the mystery being how a lady as witty and talented as Miss Rivers, who showed such flair with her script for the TV movie The Girl Most Likely To..., could come up with something so crass and unfunny."
 * Gary Arnold of The Washington Post called the film a "tiresome farce" full of jokes "which fall flat with dreadful consistency."

Joan Rivers heavily promoted the film by visiting theaters in Chicago showing the film. When she visited the Portage Theater on Chicago's northwest side, she arrived in a limo, told jokes, signed autographs, took photos with fans, and received a standing ovation from theater patrons during her visit.

The film received a 1.7/10 by the judges at its 2018 screening at The Secret Cinema, surpassing Wild Rovers (2.3/10) to become the lowest-rated film to be shown there.

Despite the negative reviews the film received, Rabbit Test was a box office hit, grossing over $12 million in its first four months of release.

It was also later reviewed by YouTuber brutalmoose (Ian MacLeod) on his internet series "Mystery Tapes" as part of a 2020 Christmas special.

title: Rabbit Test (film)


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Doug Bradley

Douglas William Bradley (born 7 September 1954) is an English actor and author, best known for his role as the lead Cenobite "Pinhead" in the Hellraiser film series and for narration on various Cradle of Filth albums.

Early life
Bradley was born in Liverpool and attended Quarry Bank High School.

Career
Bradley is best known for playing the role of Pinhead, the lead Cenobite, in the first eight Hellraiser films, as well as Captain Elliot Spencer in two of the films, Hellbound: Hellraiser II (1988) and Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth (1992). He is one of only six actors to play the same horror character at least six consecutive times, the others being Christopher Lee (who portrayed Count Dracula), Robert Englund (who portrayed Freddy Krueger), Warwick Davis (who portrayed the Leprechaun), Brad Dourif (who portrayed Chucky) and Tobin Bell (who portrayed John Kramer/"Jigsaw"). Due to his eventual skill at application and removal of the Pinhead appliances and costume, he has been credited in some of the Hellraiser films as an assistant make-up artist named Bill Bradley, using his middle name.

Bradley appeared as a gym teacher in an advertisement for Direct Line insurance in the UK. He has performed narrations on several songs by Cradle of Filth, an English extreme metal band. The first was 2000's "Her Ghost in the Fog", as well as "Death Magick for Adepts" and "Tortured Soul Asylum", from the album Midian. However, he could not appear in the music video and was replaced by actor David McEwen.

Bradley also appeared on "Swansong for a Raven" and "Satyriasis" from the band's 2004 album, Nymphetamine. In 2006, he lent his narrations to "Rise of the Pentagram" and "Tonight in Flames" from the album Thornography. Continuing in this vein, Bradley has contributed guest vocals to Cradle of Filth's 2008 album Godspeed on the Devil's Thunder, on all songs except "Tragic Kingdom". He returned for their 2021 album, Existence is Futile, on the songs "Sisters of the Mist" and "Suffer Our Dominian".

Bradley has appeared in many short horror films, such as Red Lines and On Edge. He is a member of the UK animation company Renga Media, makers of the independent Dominator films and shorts, dividing job roles between producer and voice actor. He voiced the Loc-Nar in the short animated crossover Heavy Metal vs. Dominator, in which characters from the Dominator universe meet and fight with characters from the film Heavy Metal 2000.

After his roles in the Hellraiser films and the 1990 horror film Nightbreed, 2006 saw Bradley star in Pumpkinhead: Ashes to Ashes and 2008 saw Bradley once again returning to Clive Barker's cinematic universe by way of a featured appearance in Book of Blood. He had a small guest star appearance in the 2008 black comic horror The Cottage. In 2010, he starred in the Anglo-Spanish horror film Exorcismus, and he joined the Nazi zombie horror The 4th Reich in March 2010.

In 2011, he played a man called the Doctor in the British film noir Jack Falls. In June 2011, it was announced that Bradley would be providing a voice-over for an independent film called Lucifer's Unholy Desire, as well as performing in the film The Reverend. In 2012, he played "Maynard" in the fifth film of the Wrong Turn series, Wrong Turn 5: Bloodlines. In 2013, he performed in the indie film Scream Park.

Bradley voiced the Sith Emperor for the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Star Wars: The Old Republic, based in the Star Wars universe.

In 2018, Bradley joined Blackcraft Wrestling as “The Preacher”, a cult leader who acts as a General Manager type figure to the promotion.

In 2020, he created a YouTube channel on which he reads books and poems out loud. He returned on Cradle of Filth's 2021 album Existence Is Futile, providing narration for the track "Suffer Our Dominion" and the bonus track "Sisters of the Mist".

In 2022, Bradley voiced the character Goayre Heddagh alongside actor Tim Curry in the animated horror film Dagon Troll World Chronicles.

In 2023 Bradley will be playing Batman villain Joe Chill in the CW television show Gotham Knights. This portrayals will be different than other live action versions. The actor says the episode he will be introduced in is titled "A Chill over Gotham".

Writing
Bradley is the author of Sacred Monsters: Behind the Mask of the Horror Actor, which explores the history of masks in society and their applications in horror films.

Personal life
Bradley is a longtime close friend of novelist Clive Barker, the two having met when they attended secondary school. He has worked with Barker in various projects since the early 1970s, most notably Hellraiser, which is adapted from Barker's novella The Hellbound Heart. He lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and is married to Steph Sciullo.

title: Doug Bradley


text:
Brown Peak (Kern County, California)

Brown Peak is a peak located in Kern County, California. The peak is located on King Solomons Ridge at the head of Haight Canyon, 2.1 mi southwest of Liebel Peak and 12.5 mi north of Loraine, California in Sequoia National Forest.

Brown Peak is named for Charlie Brown, a miner who lived in the area during the early 1900s.

title: Brown Peak (Kern County, California)


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Talk:Brown Peak (Kern County, California)

Untitled
Article info originally from [ USGS GNIS entry]. RedWolf 00:10, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * There are four "Brown Peak"s in California, according to GNIS: one each in Fresno, Inyo, Kern, and Mariposa counties. Further, there are 7 in the USA overall (2 in Alaska, 4 in California, 1 in Washington). Should we disambiguate them? Or should we just give up and not make an article about every minor peak in the USA? ("Abandon hope, all ye who enter here") -- hike395 05:12, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Even worse: there are 184 records in GNIS that are summits with the word "Brown" in them. Well, not all of them are "Brown", some of them are "Browne" or "Browns", but still, this way lies madness. Should we just drop the infobox and list all "Brown" mountains? Or just give up entirely? Or is there another more clever solution? -- hike395 05:17, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * See WikiProject Mountains/General. RedWolf 05:43, Oct 27, 2004 (UTC)


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Anti-radiation missile

An anti-radiation missile (ARM) is a missile designed to detect and home in on an enemy radio emission source. Typically, these are designed for use against an enemy radar, although jammers and even radios used for communications can also be targeted in this manner.

The earliest known anti-radiation weapon is a variant of the Blohm & Voss BV 246 radar guided bomb.

Air-to-surface
Most ARM designs to date have been intended for use against ground-based radars. Commonly carried by specialist aircraft in the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) role (known to United States Air Force as "Wild Weasels"), the primary purpose of this type of missile is to degrade enemy air defenses in the first period of a conflict in order to increase the chance of survival for the following waves of strike aircraft. They can also be used to quickly shut down unexpected surface-to-air missile (SAM) sites during an air raid. Often, SEAD escort aircraft also carry cluster bombs, which can be used to ensure that, after the ARM disables the SAM system's radar, the command post, missile launchers, and other components or equipment are also destroyed to guarantee that the SAM site stays down.

Early ARMs, such as the AGM-45 Shrike, were not particularly intelligent; they would simply home in on the source of radiation and explode when they got near it. SAM operators learned to turn their radar off when an ARM was fired at them, then turn it back on later, greatly reducing the missile's effectiveness. This led to the development of more advanced ARMs such as the AGM-78 Standard ARM, AGM-122 Sidearm, and AGM-88 HARM missiles, which have inertial guidance systems (INS) built-in. This allows them to remember the radar's direction if it is turned off and continue to fly towards it. ARMs are less likely to hit the radar if the radar is turned off shortly after the missile is launched, as the longer the radar is off (and assuming it never turns back on), the more error is introduced into the missile's course. The ALARM even has an added loiter mode, with a built-in parachute, enabling it to descend slowly until the radar activates, whereupon the rocket motor will re-ignite. Even a temporary shut down of the enemy's missile guidance radar can be of a great advantage to friendly aircraft during battle.

Defence Research and Development Organisation is working on the Rudram series of anti-radiation missiles for Indian Air Force. SIATT with Department of Aerospace Science and Technology of Brazilian Air Force are jointly developing MAR-1.

Surface-to-surface
Several surface-to-surface missiles, like the P-700 Granit, P-500 Bazalt, MM40 Exocet, B-611MR, and Otomat, include a home-on-jam capability wherein the receiver component of their active radar homing is used to home in on enemy radar, ECM or communications. This makes these missiles significantly harder to defeat with ECM and distraction countermeasures, and makes the use of semi-active missiles against them dangerous. Surface launched anti-radiation missiles also found application in the Israeli defense forces, such as an AGM-45 shrike variant which could be fitted on an M4 Sherman tank chassis.

Surface-to-air
Due to experiences with jamming by US-built aircraft in Vietnam and during Middle Eastern wars in the late 1960s, the Soviet Union designed an alternative tracking mode for their S-75 (SA-2) missiles, which allowed them to track a jamming target without needing to actively send out any radar signals. This was achieved by the SAM site's radar receiver locking on to radio noise emissions generated by an aircraft's jamming pod. In cases of heavy jamming, missiles were often launched exclusively in this mode; this passive tracking meant that SAM sites could track targets without needing to emit any radar signals, and so American anti-radiation missiles could not be fired back in retaliation. Recently, the People's Republic of China developed the FT-2000 system to counter AEW and AWACS targets. This system is based on the HQ-9, which is in turn based on the S-300PMU. These anti-radiation missile systems have been marketed to Pakistan and various other countries.

Air-to-air
More recently, air-to-air ARM designs have begun to appear, notably the Russian Vympel R-27EP. Such missiles have several advantages over other missile guidance techniques: they do not trigger radar warning receivers (conferring a measure of surprise) and they can have a longer range.

In the 1970s, Hughes Aerospace had a project called BRAZO (Spanish for ARM). Based on a Raytheon AIM-7 Sparrow, it was meant to offer an air-to-air capability against proposed Soviet AWACS types and also some other types with extremely powerful radar sets, such as the MiG-25. The project did not proceed.

General references

 * Russian site on the S-75 from Said Aminov "Vestnik PVO"
 * Russian site on the S-75 from Said Aminov "Vestnik PVO"

title: Anti-radiation missile


text:
Loraine

Loraine may refer to:

People

 * Loraine (name)

Places

 * Loraine, California
 * Loraine, Illinois
 * Loraine, North Dakota
 * Loraine, Texas
 * Loraine Township, Henry County, Illinois

Buildings

 * Hotel Loraine, Wisconsin, United States
 * Loraine Building, Michigan, United States

Other uses

 * Loraine, a song by Linton Kwesi Johnson from the album Bass Culture
 * Loraine baronets, English baronetage

title: Loraine


text:
Template talk:Metastub

This template can be used to produce a custom stub message.

For example,  is a simplified version of Template:Aero-stub. It produces:

''This aircraft-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by [ expanding it]''.

If you want your stub to have an image, see Template:MetaPicstub.

This provides a standard format for stub messages, which can be updated from a single location (instead of becoming unmanageable when changes are inevitably made).

Usage instructions originally written by η   [ υωρ ] 00:16, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The whole "(select the "Edit this page" link)" looks messy. I think the expand it link looked cleaner and nicer. --AllyUnion (talk) 21:15, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Only use this template with subst:
Please. I beg you. It's the clear message of the article mentioned in the section above. r3m0t 21:17, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Noinclude
I believe there's fairly general agreement not to use noinclude with stub templates. The other changes I don't know about, but at any rate they should be co-ordinated with the text of WP:STUB, as it includes discussion of what format to use for this. Alai 23:03, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Help
When I used subst:metastub in Category:American poet stubs, it produced a code that looked like this, when my "category" parameter was "United States writer stubs" in addition to creating the Category:Stub categories tag there too: If you go to the very last page of the category Category:United States writer stubs, my subcategory is there, under the "µ" symbol. Does anyone know why this happened or how to fix it? J. Finkelstein 19:58, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * That's due to the "µ" in the sortkey, which sorts to the end of the (Roman) alphabet. I've edited this on your stub type;  it should probably be changed in metastub too, possibly to "*µ", so that it sorts to the end of the top-sorted sub-categories, but not to the end to the articles in the category.  I'll wait a while to see if anyone else has any bright ideas.  Alai 20:09, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Why don't we just let the subcategory fall where it may based on the first letter of its title, i.e. why don't we use the default? So instead of putting it under a "µ" heading or a "*" heading, just let it fall under the "A" heading (in this case it's "A"—"American poet stubs"). That's just my suggestion. J. Finkelstein 18:03, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The thinking behind top-sorting is so that for a large category, all of the sub-cats appear on the first page. There's some discussion of this at WP:CGZ.  The thinking behind "bottom-sorting" of stub types is to put them at the end of all the other categories.  I'm not much bothered about the latter, but I think the former is a good idea:  it's a bit vexing to find a sub-type on the 12th listing page of a 17 page category that one didn't know about earlier...  Alai 18:52, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Metastub


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Eagles Live

Eagles Live is the first live album by the American rock band Eagles, a two-LP set released on November 7, 1980. Although the Eagles were already in the process of breaking up, the band owed Elektra/Asylum Records one more album and fulfilled that contractual obligation with a release of performances from the Hotel California and The Long Run tours.

Eagles Live was mixed by Glenn Frey and Don Henley on opposite coasts in Los Angeles and Miami, respectively, and as producer Bill Szymczyk put it, the record's harmony and instrument fixes were made "courtesy of Federal Express." The 1983 Rolling Stone Record Guide said it is "perhaps the most heavily overdubbed [live album] in history." "Seven Bridges Road," a Steve Young cover, was released as a single and became a top-40 hit.

Recording
Five of the tracks were recorded in October 1976, during three performances at The Forum in Inglewood, California. The other ten tracks were recorded in July 1980, from three shows at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and one at the Long Beach Arena in California. The band had different line-ups in 1976 and 1980; Timothy B. Schmit joined in 1978, replacing original bassist Randy Meisner. Five lead singers are featured in the 14 vocal songs on the album [excluding the brief musical interlude of "Doolin Dalton (Reprise II)"]: Henley, Frey, Joe Walsh, Meisner and Schmit. Songs from each Eagles studio album except one (On the Border) are included, as well as two Walsh solo tracks and one cover song: the acoustic harmony-laden "Seven Bridges Road."

Plagued for years by internal strife, the band had reached a breaking point by July 31, 1980, when The Long Run tour concluded with a concert in Long Beach, California, that served as a fund-raiser for then-Senator Alan Cranston's campaign. The version of "All Night Long" for Eagles Live was recorded at this show, which was most notable for a dispute between bandmates Frey and Don Felder that culminated backstage, when they nearly came to blows. Frey then refused to even speak to the other band members, let alone join them to record overdubs for Eagles Live; therefore, the recording was done piecemeal. Frey was in Los Angeles while the rest of the band was in Miami, with Henley overseeing the post-production sessions. Tapes were sent back and forth between the two locations until the album was completed. Szymczyk said: "I had my assistant in Los Angeles with Glenn, and I had the rest of the band fly to Miami. We were fixing three-part harmonies courtesy of Federal Express." Five different lawyers were thanked in the liner notes.

The Eagles rejected a $2 million offer from the label to record two new songs for the album. The only previously unreleased song in the album is a version of "Seven Bridges Road". The song was a showcase for the band's close harmony singing, as the verses of the song feature a cappella vocals from all five members.

Cover
The album cover is the image of a band-equipment storage chest used during a concert tour. It includes the number 86 on both sides and "MIA" written on air-freight stickers on the back.

The record labels were custom, showing a bird's nest filled with eggs and hand grenades.

Original pressings of the vinyl double-album had text engraved in the run-out grooves on each side, as had been the band's tradition since their 1975 album One of These Nights. Side 1: "Is it illegal to yell "Movie!" in a firehouse?"; "Side 2:  "Hello, Federal? ... Ship it!"; Side 3: "Not Tonight, thanks ..." ; Side 4:  "... I've gotta rest up for my monster".

Personnel
Sourced from original album liner notes.

Eagles
 * Don Felder – guitars, slide guitar, organ, harmony and backing vocals
 * Glenn Frey – rhythm guitar, keyboards, vocals
 * Don Henley – drums, percussion, vocals
 * Randy Meisner – bass guitar, vocals (1976 shows; "New Kid in Town," "Wasted Time," "Take It to the Limit," "Doolin'-Dalton (Reprise II)," and "Desperado")
 * Timothy B. Schmit – bass guitar, vocals (1980 shows; all other songs)
 * Joe Walsh – guitars, slide guitar, keyboards, vocals

Additional musician
 * Jage Jackson – rhythm guitar, percussion
 * Albhy Galuten – synthesizer
 * Phil Kenzie – alto saxophone on "The Long Run"
 * Vince Melamed – electric piano on "New Kid in Town"
 * Jim Ed Norman – piano
 * The Monstertones – backing vocals on "All Night Long"
 * David Sanborn – alto saxophone
 * J. D. Souther – vocals and acoustic guitar on "New Kid in Town"
 * Joe Vitale – piano, organ, drums, percussion

Production
 * Bill Szymczyk – production
 * Ted Jensen – mastering engineer

title: Eagles Live


text:
Spring Awakening

Spring Awakening may refer to:

 * Spring Awakening (play), an 1891 play by Frank Wedekind
 * Spring Awakening (1924 film), an Austrian silent drama film based on the play
 * Spring Awakening (1929 film), a silent film based on the play
 * Spring Awakening (musical), a 2006 musical by Steven Sater and Duncan Sheik based on the Wedekind play
 * Operation Spring Awakening (German: Frühlingserwachen), Nazi Germany's last World War II offensive
 * Spring Awakening Music Festival, an annual musical festival held in Chicago.

title: Spring Awakening


text:
Talk:Bishop (Aliens)

AVP Section
Removed from article; see above. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Teflon Don (talk • contribs) 19:53, 12 January 2006

Alien vs. Predator
According to non-canonical sources, The Bishop Android Series was modeled after a Michael Bishop, an engineer working at Weyland-Yutani.This creates a problem with the most recent Aliens Movie, Aliens Vs. Predator with the appearance of Charles Bishop Weyland, the founder and CEO of Weyland Industries. The most likely reason for the apperance of Weyland in the AVP film, is to give the audience some link to the past movies, and Lance Henriksen was most likely asked by Fox to "reprise" his role.

Though the truth as to the appearance of the "Creator of Bishop" in Alien 3 is quite confusing. Some sources show that "Bishop II" is a human, and supposedly including the writer of the script. David Fincher, the director of the third Alien movie, stated that he wanted to show that the appearance of "Bishop II" was not a Company Trick, and he truly was human. While it is strange that "Bishop II" was alive when he took the blow to the head from Aaron, many contend that "There is more than skin and bone on the side of ones head" so thus it may have fractured the skull but not caused unconciousness or instantaneous death. There is the arguement that The Company was making advanced models with red blood, but this argument looses some credibility when, in Alien: Ressurection, the android Call bleeds white blood. This may be either due to continuity errors, or possibly to use the definite representation of androids in the "ALIEN Universe" as having white blood.

Though the argument swings both ways. The character was listed as "Bishop II" in the credits, thus denoting possible android status. Although there is no name given to him in the dialog of the film, the name is in the Script for the movie. In Alien 3, the character is attacked by Aaron with a wrench, which knocks "Bishop II" down. The scene is dark, but there can be some liquid pooling on the back of his head and a flap of skin peeled away from the skull, yet he is still conscious. Some say that only an androud would've been able to take that type of punishment, and the flap of skin with the ear attached is very similar to the way the Ash series android was constructed from the first Aliens Film.

In Either case, there are conflicting arguments as well as conflicting portions of continuity. But, if we take all films to be canon, and the books to be an "expanded universe" (if you will), then we must assume that "Bishop II" was merely an android from the Bishop Series created especially to give Ripley some sort of link and to get her to trust the company.From what we've seen in previous films, It seems like the exact type of trick The Company would use to engender trust. Though, the truth may never be truly realized.

 * The search goes on to find a non-biased way of saying that Paul Anderson is an incompetant hack who likes to deface established series with his own attempts at writing (ref: resident evil movies & AvP) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.233.85.90 (talk) 13:32, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Where exactly does Paul W.S. Anderson say that Bishop II is an android? I was listening to the commentary track of AVP and neither he nor Henriksen say that there was more than one Bishop android. The only reference that they had made was to the one in Aliens. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maledoro (talk • contribs) 15:30, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bishoped.jpg
Image:Bishoped.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 14:57, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Punchingit.jpg
Image:Punchingit.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:13, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

"indicated to be a human"
Can someone please post here and/or add to the citation using the "|quote=" argument the line from the book that indicates Bishop II/Michael Bishop is human? Is this stated flatly in the text, or is this an inference -- i.e. original research -- by a reader? Given this article's history (i.e. gobs of OR and inferences), if there isn't a quote by 3 Aug, I'll remove the vague sentence. (and in the meantime I'll go see if Amazon or Google Books has a previous of the page.) --EEMIV (talk) 20:29, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
 * No luck with either of those two cites or at the Michael Bishop entry at Xenopedia. --EEMIV (talk) 20:31, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

 * He is cited in the last version of the script as being human. The script says something like, "No wires.  No milk.  Real blood." Now, I argue the movie SERIES, in the end, portrays him as an android... so I'm arguing the opposite side here, because, well, it's true in the case of the script at least, that he is indicated as human.  But things change from the script to the final movie.  Of course, the references to the online script have been removed as being unreliable internet sources... as if Wikipedia wasn't just one big unreliable internet source to begin with.  In fact the source was rather reliable. The people that put those scripts online are a lot more thorough than anyone editing the Alien related Wikipedia pages. Having said that, I have read the novelization and I recall that it also unequivocally refers to him as human, but don't have it handy so I can't help you. Sorry.  What I don't get is, why do people have such a hard time believing an android could be disguised as a human, with red blood?  Ash was disguised as a human, in an age when androids were not standard gear, and no one suspected him until they knocked his head off.  You'd think the company, which makes gigantic machines that can refine the entire atmosphere of planets and moons, could find a way to die their androids blood red, huh? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.18.220.174 (talk) 05:31, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * And EEMIV, at least quit just undoing. Look at everything that was edited.  It's not a monkey wrench, as far as I know.  Hell, I probably introduced that little error a year ago when I stirred up this controversy the first time; I think I should be entitled to fix it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.18.220.174 (talk) 05:33, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The script site cited had, as far as I could tell (and I looked) no distinct standards for editorial control to maintain standards for accuracy -- consequently, it's not a reliable source. Perhaps by now there's some published collection of the script(s) at B&N or Borders or some such like they've done with Star Wars -- that might help substantiate the claim. The bit about people (dis)believing what the movie(s) portray(s) is irrelevant -- what I or you think on the topic is irrelevant insofar as Wikipedia is concerned, since our conclusions constitute original research. Again, please point toward a reliable source. --EEMIV (talk) 05:43, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * As with the space jockey bit, I think the commentary tracks on the DVD might be revealing. --IllaZilla (talk) 05:47, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * EEMIV I think you have a fundamental misunderstanding of what original research. You've got an original opinion whether you like it or not, or else you wouldn't be motivated to edit these pages at all.  Everything everywhere is biased--in other words, everyone has a motivation for doing everything they do, it's just a matter of HOW biased and what type.

 * Illazilla, I also don't know if you are really qualified to patrol these pages as strictly as you do. It seems you didn't know that there was a Jockey skull at all before I edited the Space Jockey page and put the reference up--yes it was me....! (by the way, the commentary isn't needed to confirm stuff like this--you can see it by watching the movie!), and maybe I am mistaken, but I suspect that is the real reason references to AvP:R were removed at first--because you never found them yourself, and were thus at first not convinced they were legit. You had to look at the commentary... this is the same thing has happened with DarkHyena and the Predalien queen bit.

 * The issue of whether Bishop II is an android or a human is never going to get solved, but it's only fair to let everyone put up all their evidence in support of each claim. Like it was said in Aliens, every ship has an android on board.  It shouldn't against you guys' arbitrary laws to ask, where is the Patna's (name given in novelization, I know, but for lack of a better term) droid?! Why are all the commandos wearing biohazard gear and gas masks, but not Bishop II?  Sheesh, you guys sound like you work for the Company or something, trying to cover something up! ;-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.18.220.174 (talk) 06:00, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * If you can cite that same train of thought to a published reliable source, then by all means cite it. As for what constitutes OR: editors' motivations for looking at an article have nothing to do with whether their contributions are(n't) original research. I certainly have "original opinion"s, but I don't try putting them into the article to advance a theory, for example, about why Henrikson's character doesn't wear protective gear or why the red goo coming out of his head is. (As an aside: if anyone objects to describing the character as "bleeding" and wants to reword it, go ahead.) Also, please sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~ ) at the end. --EEMIV (talk) 06:06, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * 68.18.220.174, the quote from the commentary is in fact necessary according to Wikipedia's verifiability policy, because it is not immediately obvious from watching the film that the skull is a space jockey skull, as it appears in the film for less than a second and (in my opinion) doesn't look a helluva lot like the jockey in Alien. So yes, we need the quote from the commentary track to verify that the directors intended it to be a space jockey skull and to explain why they put it there. If a reader didn't own the DVD, they wouldn't be able to verify this information. I highly doubt that many people who only saw the film in theaters went "Ooh! A space jockey skull!" If it were that blatantly obvious, then the directors wouldn't need to point it out in the background on the commentary track, would they? That's why, when you added the reference, I immediately went to the DVD and added the quote from the commentary. If it wasn't obvious to me, a longtime fan of the series, then I doubt it's obvious to casual viewers. In any case, we should keep discussion of the space jockey issue to that article and stick to discussion of Bishop here. --IllaZilla (talk) 06:43, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, you two are hopeless. Have fun bossing everyone else around on your playground. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.18.220.174 (talk) 07:04, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

From the paperback version of the Aliens Omnibus (collected edition of the Alien movie novelizations by Alan Dean Foster), page 648: "The pipe landed hard on Bishop II's head. The impact was spongy. The man staggered, twitching, and his troops shot the acting superintendent down. Real blood poured from Bishop II's cracked skull. 'I am... not a... droid,' the bleeding figure mumbled in surprise as it crumpled to the floor." He's clearly human. He's also indicated as human in the film's shooting script, as mentioned earlier. The script EXPLICITLY points out that he has "real blood" and is "very human" after he takes the blow to the head. I'd cite it precisely, but I'm not exactly sure how to do that per Wikipedia's standards, or I'd go re-edit the article to quote it. Xenomrph (talk) 12:20, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Great to see a source. Please actually cite the reference in the article. --EEMIV (talk) 13:21, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Do you mean for the movie's shooting script? What format should I use? The citation article you linked lists off various citation styles (Chicago manual of style, MLA, APA, etc) but does not say precisely which one Wikipedia uses. Xenomrph (talk) 17:07, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Exactly. Where has the script been published? Is it in a reputable text with editorial oversight, sitting at Barnes & Noble or on Amazon? Or is it on some fan site with none whatsoever? If the latter, as I believe is the case (i.e. was the case in an earlier version of this article), the online script doesn't meet the WP:RS policy. Frankly, I think enough reliable sources are cited that the addition of, "Oh, and the script says so, too" isn't necessary. --EEMIV (talk) 17:13, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * If I did some digging, I could probably find a script book that contains it, otherwise there are copies of the script everywhere on the Internet and they're all the same. Hell, I've had a copy on my PC for over a decade now. I'll see if I can find a print copy mentioned online or something -- I have [ http://www.amazon.com/Alien-Resurrection-Scriptbook-Motion-Picture/dp/006105383X/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219805517&sr=1-12 a licensed print copy] of the 'Alien Resurrection' shooting script, for example, so an 'Alien3' script probably exists. Xenomrph (talk) 02:53, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Bishop's first name
His first name is provided on the screen when the characters awaken on the Sulaco along with all the other characters' first names, no "ranks" are given. It's a known fact that aside from where otherwise stated (namely, Hicks, Burke, Ripley, Newt, etc) the first names of all the other characters are the first names of the actors that portrayed them. Go take a look at the Hudson article, which similarly cites his first name as "William". It's not just some coincidence. Xenomrph (talk) 12:15, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

Merge to Aliens (film)
This must be the zaniest merge discussion ever. Only one of the paragraphs even relates to the movie the merge request targets. The merge discussion was started in 2008, and went stale, and died without merger, so the merge tag is definitively old and stale, and should be removed. 184.144.160.156 (talk) 05:20, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

 * copying your comment to talk:aliens (film). Please discuss there. Cliff (talk) 20:14, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: merge the content per discussion below. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 05:49, 17 April 2011 (UTC) Graeme Bartlett (talk) 05:49, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Bishop (Aliens) → Bishop in the Alien franchise — This should be renamed because it is not about Bishop in the film Aliens, only two paragraphs are about that character, most of the rest of the page is something else, several different characters that look like Lance Henriksen. 184.144.160.156 (talk) 05:28, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Support - this works for me. Disambiguating Alien franchise pages has always seemed like a bit of a bugbear. "Aliens" seems to be used simply because "Character (Alien)", whilst in line with the franchise, implies classification as an alien of some type. Specifying the character(s) as part of the Alien franchise aids with this. I don't recommend it for other pages - for example, a character originating in one franchise entry but carrying into another should probably be denoted by their first appearance if tags like "character" are already used, but given that Bishop is actually several characters and so exists separately in different entries in the franchise, it seems like a good exception to make. GRAPPLE   X  05:46, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Suggest Bishop (Alien franchise character) as a better alternative (WP:DAB). --IllaZilla (talk) 08:11, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * What about Bishop (character)? The link redirects to Juice (film) uselessly. Erik (talk | contribs) 15:59, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Bishop (character) is most appropriate. Original and other suggestions are wordy, awkward, don't follow naming conventions. --EEMIV (talk) 16:57, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Too much potential for confusion with other characters. See Bishop (disambiguation). There are already several other articles about characters named Bishop. Bishop (comics) is the most obvious confusion (I hate that "comics" is the blanket dab for all comic-related articles, be they about comic books, franchises, series, whatever...if it's about a character, the dab should be "character", & if more specificity is needed, then add the company or franchise name. But I digress...) --IllaZilla (talk) 21:57, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I've disambiguated Bishop (character) by redirecting it to the disambiguation page. 184.144.160.156 (talk) 11:01, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Hang on This move may not be necessary. See section talk:Bishop (Aliens). If the article is merged to different character lists, this move discussion is pointless.

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

The characters described on this page are part of articles List of Alien vs. Predator characters and List of Alien characters. 184.144.160.156 (talk) 05:29, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Merger proposal
I have closed the old merge request and started this one. The old discussion can be found here. I agree with Illzilla that the Bishop (Aliens) article has questionable notability. It is also clear that the article is almost entirely an in-universe plot recital. Further, the article discusses three separate characters who have the same name and were played by the same actor. These are the reasons I think the article should be split to the different lists of characters. We would have to change the Bishop (disambiguation) to reflect the fact that there are 3 bishop characters. Cliff (talk) 21:40, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I am in favor of this. There was an effort by some editors a couple years ago as a result of an AfD to establish notability of the character, but it consists of only a few sentences that refer specifically to the character of Aliens and to androids in the series as a whole. The information would be better split into character list articles and the franchise article. --IllaZilla (talk) 22:54, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Seems good, we have AvP and Aliens character lists (it's not a Pedator character, so List of Predator characters is wrong). This is a list of characters, and we already have two other lists of characters which would be a good fit for this information.

 * The academic commentary at the bottom should go to the Aliens list or the Aliens franchise article, since it also discusses Ash, from the original Alien film. Charles and Karl go to the AvP list, the first three go to the Aliens list.

 * 65.93.12.101 (talk) 09:28, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

 * That seems like consensus to me. I'll get started soon unless someone else wants to tackle it. Cliff (talk) 13:43, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Merge complete. Should Bishop (Aliens) be a disambiguation to the different bishop characters or should we just delete the page? Cliff (talk) 00:15, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
 * After a merge the page should not be deleted, but redirected if the content all went into one place. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 01:19, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Understood, however, the content did not go to one place as indicated by the discussion above. Cliff (talk) 15:16, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bishop (Aliens)