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Black Sun (Abbey novel)

Black Sun is a 1971 novel by Edward Abbey about a fire lookout who falls in love with an American girl and is wrongly blamed when she mysteriously disappears in the Grand Canyon National Park.

Background
Although the location is not mentioned by name in the novel, it is set at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, where Abbey worked at the time as a fire lookout in the fire tower just east of the main entrance at the North Rim. Stephen J. Pyne in his memoirs of his years as a firefighter at the North Rim, Fire on the Rim, wrote, concerning Abbey: "fire busts came and went with hardly a word from the North Rim tower. Whether Abner was even in the tower, no one could say.  He was a writer, and the only smokes he reported were the ones in his novels.  He lived in a trailer behind the entrance cabin, but he was absent so often that he demonstrated that we did not need a lookout, because having Abner in the tower was the same as having no one. The position was abolished." Abbey was there for four seasons and wrote a nonfiction account in his book Abbey's Road.

Abbey dedicated the book to his second wife Judy, who had died of acute leukemia just before publication of the novel. Because Judy had spent some time with Abbey when he worked as a fire ranger, some readers naturally believe the book is based on their relationship. However, according to James M. Cahalan's Edward Abbey: A Life, the character of Sandy MacKenzie was actually based on a woman Abbey had an affair with in 1963. His first draft of this book was completed in 1968, two years before Judy's death. Calhalan writes: "it was a bone of contention in their marriage. He reported on March 17, 1968, that Judy hated it, 'thinking it the story of one of my old love affairs, which in a way it is, but only in a greatly altered and much exaggerated way. If only she understood that there's nothing deader than a dead romance.'"

Black Sun may have been the original title considered to an earlier book Abbey had written about a group of young mohicans driving across the western United States on U.S. Route 66, but the book was never published and remains unpublished to this day. Terry Bisson wrote in American Rebels (2003) that the title Abbey was considering was "Down the Road." The reason that manuscript was never published was because not long after Abbey finished his book, On the Road by Jack Kerouac appeared, and the two books bore so many resemblances that Abbey feared he would be accused of plagiarism if his novel were published.

The term "black sun" was used often in Abbey's work. He used it first in his second book, Fire on the Mountain to describe a sketch Billy makes after they discover someone has shot Billy's favorite horse, Rascal. He also uses it twice in his non-fiction book, The Journey Home and once in Abbey's Road.

Plot summary
The book is divided into three parts: In the forest; In the sun; and In the evening.

The novel is about a rugged fire lookout, Will Gatlin, who falls in love with an American girl half his age and then becomes wrongly blamed when she mysteriously disappears in the nearby Grand Canyon National Park.

Characters

 * Will Gatlin – A 37-year-old ranger who mans a fire watch tower in the forest.
 * Sandy MacKenzie – A brash 19-year-old woman who is falling in love with the forest.
 * Art Ballentine – A college professor and friend of Will's.
 * Elsie Ballentine – Art's wife
 * Gloria Hollenbeck – A friend of Sandy's who Will thinks of as the "rodeo queen."
 * Wendell – Will's boss, to whom he reports every morning from the fire watch tower
 * Lawrence J. Turner the Third – Sandy's fiance and a 23-year-old Air Force cadet
 * Rosalie – A woman Will would see on a semi-regular basis for sex who lived 90 miles away with her three children

Reception
The book was not well received by critics and the public. The first-run paperback edition by Avon sold only 100,000 copies, where the first run of paperback editions for Desert Solitaire and The Monkey Wrench Gang both sold more than a half million copies. According to James M. Cahalan's biography of Abbey, Edward Abbey: A Life, The New Yorker called Black Sun "an embarrassingly bad novel." Abbey himself, however, considered it one of the best books he had ever written.

title: Black Sun (Abbey novel)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lorenzo Swank

Lorenzo Swank
Is he notable? (At 19?) I know nothing about movies and who knows, maybe I missed something. He's certainly straightforward: wrote it himself, included birthdate and "student"; I admire your drive Lorenzo but (at least for a few years), I vote Delete. — Bill 17:05, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity article created by the subject. Take your CVs elswhere, thank you very much. Wikipedia states clearly you shouldn't create articles about yourself. Average Earthman 18:31, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Bless him, he was only trying to create a user page. I've moved it for him, and I hope we can forget about deleting it now. Deb 19:59, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The redirect should still be deleted. --Slowking Man 07:13, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice welcome, innit. I half-expect the "word" "irregardless" to be placed in front of that statement. Mike H 13:34, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete the redirect. I't in wrong namespace. jni 13:31, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Now speedy deleted (under redirect sub-case 2). Rossami 02:40, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User talk:HeatherMcCallum

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 17:07, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:HeatherMcCallum


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Red Barber

Walter Lanier "Red" Barber (February 17, 1908 – October 22, 1992) was an American sports announcer and author. Nicknamed "The Ol' Redhead", he was primarily identified with broadcasts of Major League Baseball, calling play-by-play across four decades with the Cincinnati Reds (1934–1938), Brooklyn Dodgers (1939–1953), and New York Yankees (1954–1966). Like his fellow sportscasting pioneer Mel Allen, Barber also developed a niche calling college and professional American football in his primary market of New York City.

Early years
Barber was born in Columbus, Mississippi. He was a distant relative of poet Sidney Lanier and writer Thomas Lanier Williams. The family moved to Sanford, Florida in 1918, and at the age of 21, he hitchhiked to Gainesville and enrolled at the University of Florida, majoring in education. During Barber's first year, he worked at various jobs including part-time janitor at the University Club. It was there in January 1930 that Barber got his start in broadcasting.

An agriculture professor had been scheduled to appear on WRUF, the university radio station, to read a scholarly paper over the air. When the professor's absence was discovered minutes before the broadcast was to begin, janitor Barber was called in as a substitute. It was thus that the future sportscaster's first gig was reading "Certain Aspects of Bovine Obstetrics". After those few minutes in front of a microphone, Barber decided to switch careers. He became WRUF's director and chief announcer and covered Florida Gators football games that autumn. Then he dropped out of school to focus on his radio work. After four more years at WRUF he landed a job broadcasting the Cincinnati Reds on WLW and WSAI when Powel Crosley Jr. purchased the team in 1934.

On Opening Day 1934 (April 17), Barber attended his first major league game and broadcast its play-by-play, as the Reds lost to the Chicago Cubs 6–0. He called games from the stands of Cincinnati's renamed Crosley Field for the next five seasons.

Brooklyn Dodgers
Barber had been hired by Larry MacPhail, then president of the Reds. MacPhail became president of the Dodgers in 1938, and in 1939, he brought the play-by-play man to the Dodgers. In Brooklyn, Barber became an institution, widely admired for his folksy style. He was also appreciated by people concerned about Brooklyn's reputation as a land of "dees" and "dems".

Barber became famous for his signature catchphrases, including these:
 * "They're tearin' up the pea patch" – used for a team on a winning streak.
 * "The bases are F.O.B. (full of Brooklyns)" – indicating the Dodgers had loaded the bases.
 * "Can of corn" – describing a softly hit, easily caught fly ball.
 * "Rhubarb" – any kind of heated on-field dispute or altercation.
 * "Sittin' in the catbird seat" – used when a player or team was performing exceptionally well.
 * "Walkin' in the tall cotton" – also used to describe success.
 * "Slicker than boiled okra" – describing a ball that a fielder was unable to get a grip on.
 * "Easy as a bank of fog" – describing the graceful movement of a fielder.
 * "Tighter than a new pair of shoes on a rainy day" – describing a closely contested game.
 * "Tied up in a croker sack" – describing a one-sided game where the outcome was all but decided.

To further his image as a Southern gentleman, Barber would often identify players as "Mister", "big fella", or "old" (regardless of the player's age):
 * "Now, Mister Reiser steps to the plate, batting at .344."
 * "Big fella Hatten pitches, it's in there for strike one."
 * "Old number 13, Ralph Branca, coming in to pitch."

A number of play-by-play announcers including Chris Berman have adopted his use of "back, back, back" to describe a long fly ball with potential to be a home run. Those other announcers are describing the flight of the ball but Barber was describing the outfielder in this famous call from Game 6 of the 1947 World Series. Joe DiMaggio was the batter:

 * "Here's the pitch, swung on, belted ... it's a long one ... back goes Gionfriddo, back, back, back, back, back, back ... heeee makes a one-handed catch against the bullpen! Oh, Doctor!"

The phrase "Oh, Doctor" was also picked up by some later sportscasters, most notably Jerry Coleman, who was a New York Yankee infielder during the 1940s and 1950s and later worked alongside Barber in the Yankees' radio and TV booths.

In Game 4 of that same 1947 Series, Barber memorably described Cookie Lavagetto's ninth-inning hit to break up Bill Bevens' no-hitter and win the game at once:

 * "Wait a minute ... Stanky is being called back from the plate and Lavagetto goes up to hit ... Gionfriddo walks off second ... Miksis off first ... They're both ready to go on anything ... Two men out, last of the ninth ... the pitch ... swung on, there's a drive hit out toward the right field corner. Henrich is going back. He can't get it! It's off the wall for a base hit! Here comes the tying run, and here comes the winning run! ... Friends, they're killin' Lavagetto... his own teammates... they're beatin' him to pieces and it's taking a police escort to get Lavagetto away from the Dodgers! ... Well, I'll be a suck-egg mule!"

In 1939, Barber broadcast the first major-league game on television, on experimental NBC station W2XBS. In 1946, he added to his Brooklyn duties a job as sports director of the CBS Radio Network, succeeding Ted Husing and continuing through 1955. There, his greatest contribution was to conceive and host the CBS Football Roundup, which switched listeners back and forth between broadcasts of different regional college games each week.

Barber called Dodgers broadcasts over New York radio station WHN (later WMGM) at 1050 on the AM dial, teaming with Al Helfer from 1939 to 1941, followed by Alan Hale in 1942 and Connie Desmond beginning in 1943. When he developed a severe bleeding ulcer in 1948 and had to take a leave of absence from broadcasting for several weeks, Dodgers president Branch Rickey arranged for Ernie Harwell, the announcer for the minor-league Atlanta Crackers, to be sent to Brooklyn as Barber's substitute; in exchange, Cliff Dapper, the catcher for the Dodgers' farm team in Montreal, was permitted to go to Atlanta to serve as the Crackers' new player-manager, thereby effecting the first player-for-announcer "trade" in major league history. Harwell would remain as a third man in the Dodgers' booth with Barber and Desmond through the 1949 season.

While running CBS Sports, Barber became the mentor of another redheaded announcer. He recruited the Fordham University graduate Vin Scully for CBS football coverage, and eventually invited him into the Dodgers' broadcast booth to succeed Harwell in 1950 after the latter's departure for the crosstown New York Giants. That same year, the Dodgers began airing regular television broadcasts over WOR-TV, Channel 9 in New York, with the trio of Barber, Desmond, and Scully now alternating play-by-play for the team's games on both radio and TV.

Barber was the first person outside the team's board of directors to be told by Branch Rickey that the Dodgers had begun the process of racial desegregation in baseball, which led to signing Jackie Robinson as the first black player in the major leagues after the 1880s. As a Southerner, having lived with racial segregation as a fact of life written into law, Barber told Rickey that he was not sure he could broadcast the games. As was related in a biography of Branch Rickey by Jimmy Breslin, Barber left the meeting with Rickey and walked for hours trying to decide his future. Having been raised in the racially segregated South, and having attended the University of Florida, which, at the time of his attendance was limited to white male students, he had in his words, "been carefully taught", and the thought of broadcasting games played by a Negro player was simply too much for him to agree to. He arrived home and informed his wife of his decision to quit that very night. She, also being from the Deep South, had become accustomed to a much better life in a toney neighborhood of Westchester County. She convinced him that there was no need to quit then, and a few martinis into the evening, he said he would try. After observing Robinson's skill on the field and the way Robinson held up to the vicious abuse from opposing fans, Barber became an ardent supporter of him and the black players who followed, including Dodger stars Roy Campanella and Don Newcombe. (This story is told in Barber's 1982 book, 1947: When All Hell Broke Loose in Baseball.)

During this period, Barber also broadcast numerous World Series for Mutual radio and in 1948 and 1952 for NBC television, frequently teaming with Yankees announcer Mel Allen. He also called New York Giants football from 1942 to 1946, as well as several professional and college football games on network radio and TV, including the NFL Championship Game, Army–Navy Game and Orange Bowl.

New York Yankees
Prior to the 1953 World Series, Barber was selected by Gillette, which sponsored the Series broadcasts, to call the games on NBC along with Mel Allen. Barber wanted a larger fee than was offered by Gillette, however, and when Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley refused to back him, Barber declined to work the Series and Vin Scully partnered with Allen on the telecasts instead. As Barber later related in his 1968 autobiography, Rhubarb in the Catbird Seat, he was rankled by O'Malley's lack of support, and this – along with a dispute over the renewal of Barber's $50,000 a year contract – led to his departure from the Dodgers' booth later that October.

Soon afterward the crosstown Yankees hired Barber. Just before the start of the 1954 season, surgery resulted in permanent deafness in one ear. In 1955, he took his long-running television program Red Barber's Corner from CBS to NBC. It ran from 1949 until 1958.

With the Yankees, Barber strove to adopt a strictly neutral, dispassionately reportorial broadcast style, avoiding not only partisanship but also any emotional surges that would match the excitement of the fans. He'd already had a reputation as a "fair" announcer while with the Dodgers, as opposed to a "homer" who openly rooted for his team from the booth. Some fans and critics found this later, more restrained Barber to be dull, especially in contrast with Mel Allen's dramatic, emotive style.

Barber described the ways they covered long fly balls as one of the central differences between Allen and himself. Allen would watch the ball. Thus his signature call, "That ball is going, going, it is GONE!", sometimes turned into, "It is going ... to be caught!" or "It is going ... foul!" Barber would watch the outfielder, his movements and his eyes, and would thus be a better judge whether the ball would be caught. This is evident in his famous call of Gionfriddo's catch (quoted above). Many announcers say "back, back, back" describing the ball's flight. On the Gionfriddo call Barber is describing the action of the outfielder, not the ball.

Curt Smith, in his book Voices of Summer, summarized the difference between Barber and Allen: "Barber was white wine, crepes suzette, and bluegrass music. Allen was hot dogs, beer, and the U.S. Marine Corps Band. Like Millay, Barber was a poet. Like Sinatra, Allen was a balladeer. Detached, Red reported. Involved, Mel roared."

Under the ownership of CBS in 1966, the Yankees finished tenth and last, their first time at the bottom of the standings since 1912 and after more than 40 years of dominating the American League. On September 22, a paid attendance of 413 was announced at the 65,000-seat Yankee Stadium. Barber asked the TV cameras to pan the empty stands as he commented on the low attendance. WPIX refused to do so, on orders from the Yankees' head of media relations. Undeterred, Barber said, "I don't know what the paid attendance is today, but whatever it is, it is the smallest crowd in the history of Yankee Stadium, and this crowd is the story, not the game." In a case of exceptionally bad timing, that game was the first for CBS executive Mike Burke as team president. A week later, Barber was invited to breakfast with Burke, who told him that his contract would not be renewed at the end of the season.

Later life
After his dismissal by the Yankees in 1966, Barber retired from regular baseball broadcasting. He authored a number of books, including his autobiography, Rhubarb in the Catbird Seat; contributed to occasional sports documentary programs on radio and television, including Ken Burns' documentary Baseball; and from 1981 until his death made weekly contributions to National Public Radio's Morning Edition program. Each Friday Barber, speaking from his home in Tallahassee, Florida, would talk with host Bob Edwards, usually about sports but frequently about other topics, including the flora around his home. Barber would address Edwards as "Colonel Bob", referring to the Kentucky Colonel honorific given to Edwards by his native state.

Red Barber died in 1992 in Tallahassee, Florida. Edwards' book Fridays with Red: A Radio Friendship based on his Morning Edition segments with Barber, was published in 1993.

Honors
The National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association inducted Barber into its Hall of Fame in 1973. In 1978, Barber joined former colleague Mel Allen to become the first broadcasters to receive the Ford C. Frick Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. In 1979, he was recognized with a Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Florida, given a Gold Award by the Florida Association of Broadcasters, and inducted into the Florida Sports Hall of Fame. In 1984, Barber was part of the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame's inaugural class which included sportscasting legends Don Dunphy, Ted Husing, Bill Stern and Graham McNamee. Barber was given a George Polk Award in 1985 and a Peabody Award in 1990 for his NPR broadcasts, and in 1995 he was posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame.

In 1993, TV Guide named Barber the best sportscaster of the 1950s.

In 1994, two years after his death, Barber was seen several times throughout the Ken Burns series Baseball as he recounted memorable episodes of baseball history, especially of the Brooklyn Dodgers.

The Red Barber Radio Scholarship is awarded each year by the University of Florida's College of Journalism and Communications to a student studying sports broadcasting.

A WRUF microphone used by Barber during the 1930s is part of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum's collection. It has been displayed in the museum's "Scribes and Mikemen" exhibit, and from 2002 to 2006 it was featured as part of the "Baseball as America" traveling exhibition.

In popular culture
Barber is mentioned in "The Catbird Seat", a 1942 short story by James Thurber. A female character in the story likes to use the titular expression as well as such phrases as "tearing up the pea patch" and "hollering down the rain barrel", prompting another character to suggest that she picked them up from listening to Barber's Dodger radio broadcasts. (Ironically enough, according to Barber's daughter, her father did not begin using the "catbird seat" phrase until after he had read the story.)

In 1957, Barber appeared as himself in "Hillbilly Whiz", a third-season episode of The Phil Silvers Show.

In the 2013 film 42, which dramatizes Jackie Robinson breaking the major leagues' color barrier with the Dodgers, Barber is played by John C. McGinley.

In the 2015 television series Manhattan (Series 1, Episode 11), a character asks another if they have "been watching Red Barber" after the latter's foreign accent has improved to sound more American, suggesting that is where she learned to improve it.

title: Red Barber


text:
Talk:Hotwife

Comments
from VfD:

 * Looks like utter nonsense. Exploding Boy 17:07, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * A quick google reveals 30,000 hits for the term, and from what I can tell off the results page, they're relevant. However, I see no reason this can't be redirected to swinging. Any objections? [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 19:38, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Actual concept is covered in swinging, the rest is POV and misdefinition.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:20, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: too vague to make a sensible redirect. -Sean Curtin 03:10, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I don't understand. Why not? People might easily type in this term. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 04:12, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's something of a copyvio anyway -- it says "taken with permission", but what permission does the anon author actually demonstrate? (Not a rhetorical question; educate me if that notice is adequate.) --jpgordon {gab} 05:18, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to swinging. The term is apparently used by enough people to justify a redirect.  SWAdair | Talk  07:13, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: A redirect won't kill us, but "hotwife?"  Really?  Not "hot wife?"  Oughtn't we be able to say to people who use the term "hotwife" and have never thought to search under "swinging" that they're too dumb to get the information?  Seriously.  If they use that term and are in that scene, don't they know "swinging" as another term for it?  I know I'm being cantankerous, but I'm getting fed up with the "my name in lights" psychology that prompts people to do anything to get a unique entry in Wikipedia. Geogre 18:33, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to swinging. --Improv 19:11, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect seems in line. — siro  χ  o  20:29, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Term apparently in frequent use, so we should at least redirect it to a good place. —Morven 23:17, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep And of course I'd say that since I added it myself. First, regarding copyright allowances, I have an email from the website webmaster that I can send you.  Of course, you can also contact the webmaster yourself.  That's why the reference is given.  Secondly, I argue that this entry explores a distinct angle swinging article does not.  The majority of swinging is MF-MF whereas the hotwife lifestyle gives sexual exploration privilages to the woman alone.  Lastly, I spent weeks trying to figure out if this particular lifestyle has it's own name, but could not find it for several weeks.  Whenver this happens, I come to wikipedia and look up a similar or more general article, looking for clues.  In this case, I tried "cuckold" but abandoned it as it's actually not the same as the so-called "hotwife" experience.  Subsequently, I modified the cuckold article as well.  The information presented in the hotwife article is what finally educated me to the lifestyle and I think it would be adventageous to others if we used the wikipedia hyperlinking method to allow them to find it here too.  aristotle334 00:57, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to swinging. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 02:45, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It needs some cleanup and wikification, but it does seem to be different enough from swinging that it deserves its own page. ShaneKing 11:27, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Swinging is a sizable sub-culture in the US and the world. Millions of people subscribe to it and I don't think is a good idea for people who are not experts in the matter or have slim knowledge of it to come to a conclusion about what terms are "worthy" or not. I mean, would you bar books on hot wives, cuckhold and group sex from a public library because you think they have no value for you nor for anyone else??  swinger1

end moved discussion

Redirect discussion
Florian Blaschke, as you can see from this edit, I reverted you. Sorry if my edit summary sounded too threat-ish. What I mean is that this topic, under the term hotwife, is not WP:Notable, and clearly should be covered in the Swinging (sexual practice) article, where alternative wife terms are also used. It's already covered there...but currently without the term hotwife. But I do stand by my statement that I will take this article to WP:AfD if you revert the redirect and let the article stay in the poor shape it was in. Even if the article were well-sourced, "hotwife" doesn't need its own Wikipedia article. I am more of a WP:No split editor. If the split is not needed, then I am not for splitting. WP:Spinout also advises against unnecessary splits. Flyer22 (talk) 05:14, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

On a side note: There is no need to WP:Ping me to this talk page since this page is on my WP:Watchlist. Flyer22 (talk) 05:18, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Please, if you insist on the redirect, merge the content of this article into Swinging (sexual practice) and do mention the term there. I'm still unhappy with the solution since the article says that "hotwife" is emphatically not swinging. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 13:26, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

 * As you can see, the content in the article is completely unsourced. So I'm not inclined to believe its assertion that "hotwife" is not swinging, especially when it is redundant to what is already at the Swinging (sexual practice) article. As for merging, I don't like adding unsourced material to articles. But I won't revert you if you merge the content to the Swinging (sexual practice) article. Flyer22 (talk) 13:40, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hotwife


text:
Charu Majumdar

Charu Mazumdar (Bengali: চারু মজুমদার; 15 May 1918 – 28 July 1972), popularly known as CM, was an Indian Communist leader, and founder and General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Born into a progressive landlord family in Siliguri in 1918, he became a Communist during the Indian Independence Movement, and later formed the militant Naxalite cause. During this period, he authored the historic accounts of the 1967 Naxalbari uprising. His writings, particularly the Historic Eight Documents, have become part of the ideology of a number of Communism-aligned political parties in India.

Biography
Mazumdar was born in Matualaloi, Rajshahi (now Siliguri) to a zamindar family. His father Bireshwar Majumdar was a freedom fighter and president of the Darjeeling District Committee of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement.

In 1930, as a student in Siliguri, he joined the All Bengal Students' Association, which was affiliated to the underground anti-colonial organisation Anushilan Samiti, at the instance of Sewmangal Singh and Brojen Basu Roy Choudhuri.

Having graduated from his ‘Matric’ exam in 1937 with a First Division, Mazumdar took admission to Edward College in Pabna district (present day Bangladesh). However he returned to Siliguri after sometime, having quit his formal education, in order to join the independence movement. In 1938, at the age of 19, he joined the Congress Socialist Party.

The next year when the Communist Party of India (CPI) was organised in the neighbouring Jalpaiguri district, Mazumdar joined the then-banned party to work in its peasant front. Soon an arrest warrant forced him to go underground for the first time as a communist activist. Although the CPI was banned at the outbreak of World War II, he continued CPI activities among peasants and was made a member of the CPI Jalpaiguri district committee in 1942. The promotion emboldened him to organize a 'seizure of crops' campaign in Jalpaiguri during the Great Famine of 1943. In 1946, he joined the Tebhaga movement in the Jalpaiguri region and embarked on a proletariat militant struggle in North Bengal. The stir shaped his vision of a revolutionary struggle. Later he worked among tea garden workers in Darjeeling.

The CPI was banned in 1948 and he spent the next three years in jail. In January 1952 he married Lila Mazumdar Sengupta, a fellow CPI member from Jalpaiguri. The couple moved to Siliguri, which was the center of Mazumdar's activities for a few years. He was briefly imprisoned in 1962.

During the mid-1960s Mazumdar organized a leftist faction in Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) in northern Bengal. In 1967, a militant peasant uprising took place in Naxalbari, led by his comrade-in-arms Kanu Sanyal. This group would later be known as the Naxalites, and eight articles written by him at this time—known as the Historic Eight Documents—have been seen as providing their ideological foundation: arguing that revolution must take the path of armed struggle on the pattern of the Chinese Communist Revolution. When the Naxalbari uprising was crushed in 1967, Mazumdar said: "...hundreds of Naxalbaris are smoldering in India....Naxalbari has not died and will not die" The same year, Mazumdar broke away and formed the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries which in 1969 founded the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)—with Mazumdar as its General Secretary.

Death
He was captured in a state of bad health at his hideout on 16 July 1972 at 3 AM by an officer of Calcutta Police, Ranjit Guha Niyogi (alias Runu Guha Niyogi) and his team. As per the police, Mazumdar died of a massive heart attack at 4 AM on 28 July 1972. But all the factions of Naxalites opine that it was a custodial murder and he was killed by not being provided medicine in the police lock up. His body was cremated at Keoratola crematorium under the surveillance of armed police and paramilitary forces.

The radical leftist movement in India has seen many ideological splits since Mazumdar's death. The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation observes Martyrs day in the day of Mazumdar's death. The Communist Party of India (Maoist) observes Martyrs Week in the last week of July in remembrance of Mazumdar's death, where members revisit his ideology and memorialise his influence on their movement.

Books on Charu Mazumdar's life

 * Charu Mazumdar: The Dreamer Rebel, written by Ashoke Mukhopadhyay, published by Niyogi Books in June 2022. ISBN 978-93-91125-03-5
 * India after Naxalbari: unfinished history, written by Bernard D'Mello, published by Monthly Review Press New York in 2018. ISBN 978-158367-706-3

title: Charu Majumdar


text:
György Kozmann

György Kozmann (born March 23, 1978, in Szekszárd) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who has competed since the late 1990s. Competing in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics, he won two bronze medals in the C-2 1000 m event.

He has also won eleven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds (C-2 500 m: 2007, C-2 1000 m: 2006, C-4 200 m: 2001, 2003, C-4 1000 m: 2001), two silvers (C-2 500 m: 2005, C-4 500 m: 2001), and four bronzes (C-2 500 m: 2006, C-2 1000 m: 2003, 2005; C-4 1000 m: 1999). From 2003 until 2008, he was the C-2 partner of György Kolonics.

In the European championships Kozmann has been a gold medalist four times - C-4 500 m (2002), C-4 1000 m (2000 and 2002) and C-2 500 m (2004).

Kolonics death came weeks prior to the 2008 Olympics, to what the pair qualified for both the C-2 500 m and the C-2 1000 m events. Kozmann refused to take part in the games, consulted with his coach, friends and Kolonics's friends, then changed his mind. He competed in the C-2 1000 m event with Tamás Kiss, and the pair finished on the third place in the C-2 1000 m final. He later received a Fair Play prize for this from the Hungarian Olympic Committee.

Kozmann is a member of the Atomerőmű SE club and is coached by Attila Szabó. He is 179 cm (5'10") tall and weighs 83 kg (182 lbs).

title: György Kozmann


text:
Alice Guy-Blaché

Alice Ida Antoinette Guy-Blaché ( Guy; ; 1 July 1873 – 24 March 1968) was a French pioneer film director. She was one of the first filmmakers to make a narrative fiction film, as well as the first woman to direct a film. From 1896 to 1906, she was probably the only female filmmaker in the world. She experimented with Gaumont's Chronophone sync-sound system, and with color-tinting, interracial casting, and special effects.

She was artistic director and a co-founder of Solax Studios in Flushing, New York. In 1912, Solax invested $100,000 for a new studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the center of American filmmaking prior to the establishment of Hollywood. That year, she made the film A Fool and His Money, probably the first to have an all-African-American cast. The film is now preserved at the National Center for Film and Video Preservation at the American Film Institute for its historical and aesthetic significance.

Early life and education
In 1865, Guy's father, Émile Guy, an owner of a bookstore and publishing company in Santiago, Chile and Valparaíso, Chile, married Marie Clotilde Franceline Aubert. The couple returned to Santiago after the wedding in Paris. In early 1873, Marie and Émile lived in Santiago, with Alice's four siblings.

There was a devastating smallpox epidemic in Chile in 1872 and 1873. Émile and Marie Guy brought all four of their children to Paris, where Alice was born. In her autobiography, Alice refers to this as her mother's attempt to make sure "her fifth child should be truly French". Her father returned to Chile soon after her birth, and her mother followed a few months later. Alice was left in the care of her grandmother in Carouge, Switzerland. At the age of three or four, Alice's mother returned from Chile and took Alice back to South America.

At the age of six, Guy was taken back to France by her father to attend the Faithful Companions of Jesus school in Veyrier-sous-Salève. Guy and her sister Louise were moved to a convent in Ferney a few years later and then brought back to Paris.

Guy's father died on 5 January 1891 of unknown causes. Following his death, Guy's mother got a job with Mutualité maternelle which was founded on 20 May 1891. Her mother was unable to keep that job and thereafter Guy trained as a typist and stenographer, a new field at the time, to support herself and her mother. She landed her first stenography-typist job at a varnish factory. In March 1894, she began working at the 'Comptoir général de la photographie' owned by Félix-Max Richard. Léon Gaumont later took over and headed the company.

Secretary to Léon Gaumont
In 1894, Alice Guy was hired by Félix-Max Richard to work as a secretary for a camera manufacturing and photography supply company. The company changed hands in 1895 due to a court decision against Félix-Max Richard, who sold the company to four men: Gustave Eiffel, Joseph Vallot, Alfred Besnier, and Léon Gaumont. Gustave Eiffel was president of the company, and Léon Gaumont, thirty years Eiffel's junior, was the manager. The company was named after Gaumont because Eiffel was the subject of a national scandal regarding the Panama Canal. L. Gaumont et C$ie$ became a major force in the fledgling motion-picture industry in France. Alice continued to work at Gaumont et C$ie$, a decision that led to a pioneering career in filmmaking that spanned more than 25 years and involved her directing, producing, writing and/or overseeing more than 700 films.

Although she initially began working for Léon Gaumont as his secretary, Guy became familiar with his clients, relevant marketing strategies, and the company's stock of cameras. She also met a handful of pioneering film engineers such as Georges Demenÿ and Auguste and Louis Lumière.

Alice Guy and Gaumont attended the "surprise" Lumière event on March 22, 1895. It was the first demonstration of film projection, an obstacle that Gaumont, the Lumières, and Edison were all racing to solve. They screened one of their early films Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory, which consisted of a simple scene of workmen leaving the Lumière plant in Lyon. Bored with the idea of captured film only being used for the scientific and/or promotional purpose of selling cameras in the form of "demonstration films," Guy was confident that she could incorporate fictional story-telling elements into film. She asked Gaumont for permission to make her own film, and he granted it.

Early filmmaking at Gaumont Film Company
Alice Guy made her first film in 1896. Its original title may have been La Fée aux Choux (The Fairy of the Cabbages) or The Birth of Children, or it may have had no title at first. The scene Alice described as her debut effort does not match either the 1900 version of La Fée aux choux or the 1902 version, retitled Sage-femme de première classe which has been found in film archives. By comparing Alice's descriptions of her debut effort with the two films that are available for us to view, we discover differences that indicate there was a third film that came first. The 1896 film seems to be lost. However, multiple points of confirmation indicate that there were three different La Fée aux choux. A 30 July 1896 newspaper describes a "chaste fiction of children born under the cabbages in a wonderfully framed chromo landscape," and provides other details that confirm Alice Guy's description of her first film. "Before very long," Alice Guy reported in 1912, "every moving picture house in the country was turning out stories instead of spectacles and plots instead of panoramas."

From 1896 to 1906, Alice Guy was Gaumont's head of production and is generally considered the first filmmaker to systematically develop narrative filmmaking. She was probably the only female director from 1896 to 1906. Her earlier films share many characteristics and themes with her contemporary competitors, such as the Lumières and Méliès. She explored dance and travel films, often combining the two, such as Le Boléro performed by Saharet (1905) and Tango (1905). Many of Guy's early dance films were popular in music-hall attractions such as the serpentine dance films – also a staple of the Lumières and Thomas Edison film catalogs.

In 1906, Guy made The Life of Christ, a big-budget production for the time, which included 300 extras. She used the illustrated James Tissot New Testament as reference material for the film, which featured 25 episodes and was her largest production at Gaumont to date. In addition to this, she was one of the pioneers in the use of audio recordings in conjunction with the images on screen in Gaumont's "Chronophone" system, which used a vertical-cut disc synchronized to the film. She employed some of the first special effects, including using double exposure, masking techniques, and running a film backward. During her tenure at Gaumont, Guy hired and trained Louis Feuillade and Étienne Arnaud as writers and directors and hired set designer Henri Ménessier and art director Ben Carré.

Later works at The Solax Company
In 1907, Alice Guy married Herbert Blaché, who was soon appointed the production manager for Gaumont's operations in the United States. After working with her husband for Gaumont in the U.S., the two established their own business in 1910, partnering with George A. Magie in the formation of The Solax Company, the largest pre-Hollywood studio in America.

With production facilities for their new company in Flushing, New York, her husband served as production manager and cinematographer. Alice Guy-Blaché worked as the artistic director and directed many of its releases. Within two years, they had become so successful that they invested more than $100,000 into new and technologically advanced production facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Many early film studios were based in Fort Lee at the beginning of the 20th century. This made her the first woman to own her own studio and studio plant. It was mentioned in publications of the era that Guy-Blaché placed a large sign in her studio that read: 'Be Natural'.

In 1913, Guy-Blaché directed The Thief, the first script sold by future Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston.

Guy-Blaché and her husband divorced several years later, and with the rise of the more hospitable and cost-effective climate in Hollywood, their film partnership also ended.

Legacy
In the late 1940s, Alice Guy-Blaché wrote an autobiography. It was published, in French, in 1976 and was translated into English a decade later with the help of her daughter Simone, daughter-in-law Roberta Blaché, and the film writer Anthony Slide. Guy-Blaché was concerned with her unexplained absence from the historical record of the film industry. She regularly communicated with colleagues and film historians, correcting previously made and supposedly factual statements about her life. She crafted lengthy lists of her films as she remembered them, with the hope of being able to assume creative ownership and receive legitimate credit for them.

Guy-Blaché was the subject of a National Film Board of Canada documentary The Lost Garden: The Life and Cinema of Alice Guy-Blaché by director Marquise Lepage, which received Quebec's Gémeaux Award for Best Documentary. In 2002, film scholar Alison McMahan published Alice Guy Blaché: Lost Visionary of the Cinema. Guy-Blaché is considered by some to have been the first female filmmaker, and from 1896 to 1920, she directed over 1,000 films, some 150 of which survive, and 22 of which are feature-length. She was one of the first women, along with Lois Weber, to manage and own her own studio: The Solax Company. Few of her films survive in an easily viewable format. In December 2018, Kino Lorber released a six-disc box, Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers, in cooperation with the Library of Congress, the British Film Institute, and others. The first disc of the set is devoted to the films of Alice Guy-Blaché. It includes Matrimony's Speed Limit (1913), which was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2003. The 2018 documentary film Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blaché, directed by Pamela B. Green and narrated by Jodie Foster, which opened at the Cannes Film Festival (Cannes Classics), deals with Guy-Blaché's life, career, and legacy.

Because of Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blaché, many of Guy-Blaché's films were restored and preserved, and a pillar in her name will be featured at the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures.

In September 2019, Guy-Blaché was included in The New York Times series "Overlooked No More".

As reported by Deadline in 2021, Pamela B. Green is developing a feature biopic about Alice Guy-Blaché.

Guy-Blaché was an early influence on both Alfred Hitchcock and Sergei Eisenstein. Hitchcock remarked, "I'd be over the moon with the Frenchman George Méliès. I was thrilled by the movies of D.W. Griffith and the early French director Alice Guy."

In his Memoirs, Eisenstein described an unnamed film he had seen as a child that continued to be very important to him. This film was identified as Alice Guy-Blaché's The Consequences of Feminism (1906) during the making of the documentary Be Natural: The Untold Story of Alice Guy-Blaché.

Personal life
Alice Guy-Blaché's marriage meant that she had to resign from her position working with Gaumont. The couple was sent by the Gaumont company to Cleveland to facilitate the franchise of Gaumont equipment. Early in 1908, the couple went to New York City where Guy-Blaché gave birth to her daughter, Simone, in September 1908. Two years later, Guy-Blaché became the first woman to run her own studio when she created Solax in Gaumont's Flushing studio. In 1912, when she was pregnant with her second child, she built a studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, and continued to complete one to three films a week. On 27 June 1912, Reginald, her son, was born. To focus on writing and directing, Guy-Blaché took her husband into Solax in 1913 "for feature production and executive direction".

Shortly after taking the position, Herbert Blaché started a film company named Blaché Features, Inc. The couple maintained a personal and business partnership for the next few years, working together on many projects. In 1918, Herbert Blaché left his wife and children to pursue a career in Hollywood. Alice Guy-Blaché almost died from the Spanish flu pandemic in October 1918 while filming her final film Tarnished Reputations. Following her illness, she joined Herbert in Hollywood in 1919 but they lived separately. She worked as Herbert's directing assistant on his two films starring Alla Nazimova.

Alice Guy-Blaché directed her last film in 1919. In 1921, she was forced to auction her film studio and other possessions in bankruptcy. Alice and Herbert were officially divorced in 1922. She returned to France in 1922 and never made another film.

Death
Alice Guy-Blaché never remarried, and in 1964 she returned to the United States to live in Wayne, New Jersey, with her older child, her daughter, Simone. On 24 March 1968, at 94, Alice Guy-Blaché died in a nursing home in New Jersey. She is interred at Maryrest Cemetery.

Accolades and tributes
On December 12, 1958, Guy-Blaché was awarded the Légion d'honneur, the highest non-military award France offers. On 16 March 1957, she was honored in a Cinémathèque française ceremony that went almost unnoticed by the press.

In 2002, Circle X Theatre in Los Angeles produced Laura Comstock's Bag-punching Dog, a musical about the invention of cinema, and Alice Guy-Blaché was the lead character. The musical was written by Jillian Armenante, Alice Dodd, and Chris Jeffries. In 2011, an off-Broadway production of Flight premiered at the Connelly Theatre, featuring a fictionalized portrayal of Guy-Blaché as a 1913 documentary filmmaker.

In 2004, the Fort Lee Film Commission unveiled a historical marker dedicated to Alice Guy-Blaché at the location of Solax Studio. In 2012, for the centennial of the founding and building of the studio, the Commission raised funds to replace her grave marker in Maryrest Cemetery in Mahwah, New Jersey. The new marker includes the Solax logo and notes Guy-Blaché's role as a cinema pioneer.

In 2010, the Academy Film Archive preserved Alice Guy-Blaché's short film The Girl in the Arm-Chair. In 2011, the Fort Lee Film Commission successfully lobbied the Directors Guild of America to accept Alice Guy-Blaché as a member. She was subsequently awarded a posthumous "Special Directorial Award for Lifetime Achievement" at the 2011 DGA Honors. In 2013, Guy-Blaché was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

Since 2018, film journalist Véronique Le Bris founded the Alice Guy Prize, granted yearly to highlight the woman film-maker of the year.

A square in the 14th arrondissement of Paris is named the Place Alice-Guy in her honor.

In 2019, The re-edited and expanded version of Eisenstein's memoirs, ''Yo. Memoirs by Sergei Eisenstein mention Alice's The Consequences of Feminism and its influence on Eisenstein.''

In 2021, Yale University opened its new state-of-the-art screening room, named the Alice Cinema, after Alice Guy-Blaché.

In 2021, French-German TV channel Arte produced a documentary on Alice Guy-Blaché titled Alice Guy, the unknown lady of the 7th art, directed by Valérie Urréa and Nathalie Masduraud, voiced by Agnès Jaoui and Maud Wyler.

In 2022, Rowman & Littlefield published a new edition of The Memoirs of Alice Guy Blaché, edited by Anthony Slide and translated by Simone Blaché and Roberta Blaché. This memoir contains a new introduction by Slide.

The Golden Door Film Festival gives an award named in her honor.

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of her birth, around July 1, 2023, several French institutions celebrated Alice Guy and her legacy:
 * The Cinémathèque Française held a special day of hommage with the showing of 8 of her films. It also uploaded a 2K resolution digitization of the very first known making-of in the history of cinéma, Alice Guy tourne une phonoscène (Alice Guy shoots a phonoscene - [the ancestor of the music video], 1907, by anonym) on its online film portal, Henri.
 * French postal service La Poste launched a special edition stamp at her effigy which was presented by her great-grandson Thierry Peeters at philately center Carré d'Encre on July 3, 2023.
 * Newly re-opened Paris museum of history of immigration Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration shares within its new permanent exhibition several of Alice Guy's films, amongst which L'Américanisé (1912), to illustrate the experience of immigrants to the United States (like Alice Guy herself).

Selected filmography
These films were produced by Gaumont (1896–1907), Solax (1910–1913), or others (1914–1920).

 * La Fée aux Choux (The Fairy of the Cabbages; 1896)
 * Le pêcheur dans le torrent (The fisherman in the stream; 1897)
 * Le chiffonnier (1898)
 * Danse serpentine (1900)
 * Les Fredaines de Pierrette (1900)
 * Les chiens savants (1902)
 * Esméralda (1905) (based on the 1831 Victor Hugo novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame)
 * La Statue (1905)
 * Une histoire roulante (1906)
 * The Birth, the Life and the Death of Christ (1906)
 * Les Résultats du féminisme (1906)
 * The Game-Keeper's Son (1906)
 * Madame a des envies (1906)
 * La barricade (1907)
 * Fanfan la Tulipe (1907)
 * One Touch of Nature (1910)
 * The Sergeant's Daughter (1910)
 * The Pawnshop (1910)
 * Greater Love Hath No Man (1911)
 * Algie the Miner (1912)
 * Falling Leaves (1912)
 * A Fool and His Money (1912)
 * Making an American Citizen (1912)
 * The Girl in the Armchair (1912)
 * The Pit and the Pendulum (1913)
 * Matrimony's Speed Limit (1913)
 * A House Divided (1913)
 * Shadows of the Moulin Rouge (1913)
 * The Lure (1914)
 * The Shooting of Dan McGrew (1915)
 * The Vampire (1915)
 * The Ocean Waif (1916)
 * What Will People Say? (1916)
 * The Adventurer (1917)
 * The Empress (1917)
 * The Great Adventure (1918)
 * Tarnished Reputations (1920)

title: Alice Guy-Blaché


text:
Stokmarknes

is a town and the administrative centre of Hadsel Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the northern coast of the island of Hadseløya and on the small, neighboring island of Børøya. In 2000, Stokmarknes received "town status". The 2.47 km2 town has a population (2018) of 3,367 which gives the town a population density of 1363 PD/km2.

Stokmarknes is the headquarters to the Hurtigruten coastal express company and also the Coastal Express Museum. The local hospital for the whole Vesterålen region (Nordland Hospital) is located in Stokmarknes. Stokmarknes is the home town of Norwegian band Madrugada. The historic Hadsel Church is located about 5 km east of Stokmarknes.

The Børøy Bridge and Hadsel Bridge connect Stokmarknes to the island of Langøya to the north. Stokmarknes Airport, Skagen is located on Langøya, just over the bridges from Stokmarknes.

title: Stokmarknes


text:
Black Sun (Primal Fear album)

Black Sun is the fourth studio release and first concept album by German power metal band Primal Fear.

A music video was made for "Armageddon".

In 2017, Loudwire ranked it as the 19th best power metal album of all time.

Album Concept
The record is themed around a space exploration mission. A team of astronauts visit a new, never before seen planet, and their craft ends up blowing up in the process of reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. The person or thing they are speaking to in 'Armageddon' is often considered by fans to be the eagle that appears on the covers of the majority of their albums.

Track listing
All songs written by Primal Fear.

Personnel

 * Ralf Scheepers – lead vocals
 * Stefan Leibing – guitars
 * Henny Wolter – guitars
 * Mat Sinner – bass, vocals
 * Klaus Sperling – drums

Additional Musicians
 * "Metal" Mike Chlasciak – additional guitar on "Fear" and "Controlled"

Production

 * Achim "Akeem" Köhler – Producer, Engineering, Mixing, Mastering
 * Mat Sinner – Producer
 * Justin Leeah – Engineering (additional)
 * Ralf Scheepers – Producer
 * Klaus Sperling – Producer
 * Stefan Leibing – Producer
 * Henny Wolter – Producer
 * Stephan Lohrmann – Cover art
 * Thomas Ewerhard – Artwork
 * Roland Guth – Photography

title: Black Sun (Primal Fear album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Contenido

Contenido was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Advert, or non-notable. — Bill 17:10, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not whatever it is that lists this sort of thing. Average Earthman 18:35, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not Freshmeat.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:21, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: WP != FM. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:51, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No delete: It is listed in List_of_Content_Management_Systems and should be extended. The german entry has more information about it.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:BCoates

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title: User talk:BCoates


text:
User talk:Gsv

Please reply at the page for the original topic and do not scatter talk all around.

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Re:Aconcagua
Sure: I reverted the anon edits because they disrupted the original spelling (Spanish names), and because they radically changed the content of the Aconcagua River article providing neither sources nor explanation. If it was you who changed it, please provide some sources for such a radical change. Sorry I didn't leave any message at the edit summary; sometimes the amount of articles to check overwelms me. Thanks, and good wiking, --Mariano (t/c) 11:47, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If you think you can improve both articles, specially with source, please do so! --Mariano (t/c) 20:22, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Mt. Elbrus
Look at the article (which was cited in the posting) about the 'world's nastiest outhouse.' Why do you want to suppress that information? 76.226.207.182 12:33, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I found that information somewhat irrelevant, and not very well adapted to the rest of the article. By the way: please register, as that will give your edits a bit more credibility. -- Gsv (talk) 13:58, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gsv


text:
Smith Street, Melbourne

Smith Street is a street in inner northern Melbourne, running north from the city proper and separating Fitzroy from Collingwood.

Geography

Smith Street runs north–south from Victoria Parade at its southernmost end to Queens Parade. Between Victoria Parade and Alexandra Parade, it forms the boundary between Fitzroy and Collingwood; the short segment north of Alexandra Parade is in Clifton Hill. Smith Street is located a block east of Brunswick Street. From Gertrude Street to Queens Parade, Smith Street forms part of tram route 86.

History
The road now known as Smith Street was originally a winding dirt track running from Bourke Street, Melbourne, to Heidelberg, and was known as the Eastern Road or Heidelberg Road. The road was placed on its current straight course as part of Melbourne's first suburban land subdivision of 1838. On 23 May 1851, the road was renamed Smith Street, after John Thomas Smith, a seven-time mayor of Melbourne. By the 1860s, Smith Street was a busy and popular suburban shopping strip.

Smith Street contains restaurants and cafés and also has numerous shops selling cheap household goods. North of Johnston Street there are factory outlets selling athletic and fashion clothing. This include brands such as Nike and Adidas. Parts of Smith Street also serve as a meeting place for the local Indigenous Australian community. Smith Street is somewhat more downmarket than nearby Brunswick Street and has not become as fashionable though it is slowly gentrifying.

During the late 1990s, Smith Street was frequented by heroin users and dealers. This earned it the sobriquet 'Smack Street', which, whilst arguably no longer apt, has stuck.

In the last few years a number of bars and clubs have emerged on Smith Street, including “a bar called Barry”, “Scarlet” and until its closure in 2004; the all night venue Republika.

The street has been honoured of late by the rise of the local band The Smith Street Band, which has received international acclaim. This is despite the lead singer recently claiming that "none of us live [on Smith Street] and now everyone time I go there I get quite frustrated that it seems to be becoming more and more gentrified."

Landmarks
Left-wing community radio station 3CR has its offices in Smith Street, south of Gertrude Street. Music-oriented community radio station 3PBS is also located nearby, in Easey Street, Collingwood.

It was also home to the first ever Coles Variety Store, and a large, new Coles supermarket opened in 2015 partly behind a reconstructed 1930s Coles facade.

title: Smith Street, Melbourne


text: Category:Grimes County, Texas

title: Category:Grimes County, Texas


text: Category:Italian pianists

title: Category:Italian pianists


text:
Zittau

Zittau (Žitawa ; Žytawa ; Żytawa; Žitava; Upper Lusatian dialect: Sitte) is the southeasternmost city in the German state of Saxony, and is located in the district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost district. It has a population of around 25,000, and is one of the most important cities in the region of Lusatia (Upper Lusatia).

The inner city of Zittau still shows its original beauty with many houses from several architectural periods: the famous town hall built in an Italian style, the church of St John and the stables (Salzhaus) with its medieval heritage. This multi-storied building is one of the oldest of its kind in Germany. Zittau is the birthplace of the German composer Heinrich Marschner.

Geography
Zittau sits on the Mandau River, while the Lusatian Neisse, which forms the border with Poland, touches the city in the east. The confluence of both rivers is located in the southeast of the city. Further south is a tripoint of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, and the incorporated village of Hartau lies where the Lusatian Neisse forms the German/Czech border for a short distance. Zittau lies in the Zittau Basin, just north of the Zittau Mountains (part of the Sudetes). Zittau is located right next to the Turów Coal Mine, one of the largest artificial holes visible from space, on the other side of the Lusatian Neisse.

Climate
The climate is cool temperate with cool winters and warm summers with an average annual temperature of 8.6 °C. The annual precipitation total is 883 mm. All twelve months are humid. The climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb.

History
The history of the city dates back to a 12th-century Slavic settlement. The area belonged to the Czech (Bohemian) Duchy (and later Kingdom) from the 11th century. It was first mentioned under the Latinized name Sitavia in 1238. It was granted town rights in 1255 by King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who also built defensive walls. In 1319 it passed to the Piast-ruled Duchy of Jawor of then-fragmented Poland, and after the death of Duke Henry I of Jawor in 1346, it became part of the Czech (Bohemian) Crown again. The city's coat of arms still shows a Czech Lion and a Silesian Piast Eagle. In 1346 the city became one of the members of the Six-City League of Upper Lusatia. At that time the city was granted a special title—it was called "Die Reiche" ("the Rich") because of its high proportion of well-to-do citizens. In 1359 and 1422 it suffered great fires. In 1469, together with the Lusatian League, the city recognized Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus as rightful ruler, thus passing to Hungary, and after his death in 1490 the city returned to the Bohemian Crown, then under the rule of Polish prince Vladislaus II. It remained part of it until 1635 when it passed to the Electorate of Saxony.

During the Counter-Reformation, especially following the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, a large number of Protestant refugees from Bohemia came to Zittau, where the Protestant Saxon rulers took them in. Many of them went on to find refuge in surrounding villages, in Dresden, and in Berlin in Brandenburg. Primarily as a result of the near-complete destruction of the city during the Seven Years' War, Zittau's then prosperity is reflected today in only a few exceptional buildings and the cemeteries where the well-to-do were buried.

One of the most important trading goods of this early age in the 16th century was beer. Later in the 18th and 19th century textiles became important too, a tradition common in the region of Upper Lusatia.

In 1813, two Polish military units were established in the city, that is the 1st Horse Artillery Company of the Jan Henryk Dąbrowski Division and 2nd Horse Artillery Company of the VIII Corps of Prince Józef Poniatowski.

During World War II, a Nazi prison and a labour camp was located in the city. The camp provided forced labour for Phänomen Werke Gustav Hiller, a truck-manufacturing company (which became VEB Kraftfahrzeugwerk Phänomen after the war, renamed VEB Robur-Werke Zittau in 1957).

Lord Mayors

 * 2001-2015: Arnd Voigt ("Free citizens Zittau"))
 * since August 2015: Thomas Zenker ("Zittau can do more").

Local council
The local council has 26 members, the results of the elections in August 2014 are:

Reichstag Deputies
Following the North German Confederation Treaty the Kingdom of Saxony entered the North German Confederation in 1866. This continued after the founding of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. Following this Saxony participated in Reichstag elections from February 1867. Zittau returned a series of Reichstag Deputies until 1919 when the existing constituencies were scrapped.

Main sights

 * Church of our Lady: A semi-gothic church that is first mentioned in 1355.
 * City Hall: Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel and built in Italian palazzo style between 1840 and 1845.
 * Flower Clock: A notable Zittau attraction, the flower clock was built in 1907 from a clockwork of an old Tower clock and contains approximately 4800 plants planted three times annually.
 * Friary Church: It was the church of the Franciscan Monastery. Their high altar was sacred to the apostles Peter and Paulus in 1293. The main aisle dates from 1480 and was built in the style of late gothic. In the years 1696, 1731 and 1748 prayer rooms were built on the south side of the church. These were special seating areas for wealthy citizens.
 * Markt: The main central square
 * St John's Church: Originally built in 1230 in the Romanesque style of the Order of Saint John, whose patron saint was John the Baptist. It was later dedicated also to John the Evangelist.  The building was destroyed in 1757 by Austrian soldiers during the Seven Years' War.  The current building was built between 1766 and 1837.
 * Zittau Lenten Altar Cloths, two large decorated cloths which were used to hide the altar during Lent. The big lenten altar cloth (56 m2) from 1472 is shown in the Gothic Holy Cross Church, the little lenten altar cloth (15 m2) from 1573, one of six lenten altar cloths of the Arma Christi type in the world, in the Museum of Cultural History in the former Franciscan Monastery..
 * Several historic fountains: Green Fountain (1679), Roland or Mars Fountain (1585), Fountain of the Samaritan Woman (1679), Hercules Fountain (1708), Swan Fountain (1710), Little Grinder's Fountain (early 19th century).
 * Neustadt square with the Salt House, warehouse and stables built in 1511 (the roof dates from 1730).
 * Old Grammar School and Dornspach's House, Renaissance buildings.
 * Building Crafts College (Baugewerkeschule), a Gothic Revival building from 1846/48 by Carl August Schramm.
 * Urban Swimming-Bath (1873) and the Johanneum, a school building from 1869/71, both Neoclassical buildings.
 *  Heinrich Marschner's Birthplace, a house from 17th century.

Culture
There are roughly 3,500 students studying at the Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences and at the independent International Graduate School, Germany's smallest university; it caters to students from nearby Poland and the Czech Republic.

Road
The city lacks connections to good infrastructure in Germany, but a direct link is planned to the nearest motorway between Bautzen and Görlitz. The town is relatively well-connected to Liberec and the rest of the Czech Republic through dual-carriageway 35 just south of the town.

Rail
Zittau railway station is located north of the town's centre. Passenger services are operated by three railway companies. The first being Vogtlandbahn, which provides a services from Dresden to Zittau and then directly through to Liberec in the Czech Republic. The second is Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG), which links Zittau to Görlitz, with connections to Poland, and Cottbus, where connections to Berlin exist. Zittau is located on the Zittau–Löbau railway which was originally opened in 1848, making it one of the oldest railways in Germany.

The Zittau–Kurort Oybin/Kurort Jonsdorf railway with all together four stations within Zittau's limits is a heritage narrow-gauge railway taking passengers from Zittau to the mountain spa resort towns of Oybin and Jonsdorf in the Zittau Mountains. It is operated by the Saxon-Upper Lusatian Railway Company.

Border crossings
Zittau is located close to the point where the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland meet and there are several international border crossings in the vicinity. Permanent immigration and customs controls were, however, removed on 21 December 2007, when all three countries became part of the Schengen Area.

Germany–Czech Republic

 * Hartau – Hrádek nad Nisou: Located in the village of Hartau south of Zittau, this crossing is for pedestrians only.

Germany–Poland

 * Zittau Chopinstraße – Sieniawka: This crossing-point consists of a road bridge over the Lausitzer Neisse River which forms the border between Germany and Poland to the east of Zittau. The Polish town after the crossing is Sieniawka (Kleinschönau before 1945).
 * Zittau Friedenstraße – Porajów: Also consisting of a road bridge over the Lausitzer Neisse River south of Zittau. The Polish village after the border is Porajów (Großporitsch). This crossing is used for those proceeding to the Czech Republic via the Czech-Polish border crossing south of Porajow. The Czech border crossing is located at Hrádek nad Nisou (Grottau).
 * Zittau Lusatiaweg – Porajów: this formerly closed bridge was re-opened to pedestrians and cyclists in December 2007.

Zittau is the only city along the Oder–Neisse line where a number of river bridges remain closed as international crossing-points between Germany and Poland even though both countries are in the Schengen Area.

Twin towns – sister cities
Zittau is twinned with:

 * 🇵🇱 Bogatynia, Poland
 * 🇨🇿 Hrádek nad Nisou, Czech Republic
 * 🇨🇿 Liberec, Czech Republic
 * 🇮🇹 Pistoia, Italy
 * 🇺🇸 Portsmouth, United States
 * 🇩🇪 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
 * 🇵🇱 Zielona Góra, Poland

Notable people

 * Ernst Baier (1905–2001), figure skater, 1936 Olympic champion
 * Max Fiedler (1859–1939), conductor and composer
 * Melchior Franck (1579–1639), composer
 * Andreas Hammerschmidt (c. 1611–1675), composer and organist
 * Gotthard Handrick (1908–1979), athlete and fighter pilot
 * Moritz Haupt (1808–1874), philologist
 * Lutz Heilmann (born 1976), politician (The Left)
 * Henriette Heinze (born 1973), actress
 * Fritz Hertzsch (1892–1941), Generalmajor in World War II
 * Christian Keymann (1607–1662), hymnwriter
 * Alfred Klotz (1874–1956), philologist
 * Johann Krieger (1651–1735), composer and organist
 * Johann Kuhnau (1660–1722), composer, organist and harpsichordist
 * Gottfried Grünewald (1673–1739), composer, operatic bass, pantaleon virtuoso and harpsichordist
 * Theodor Leupold, cyclist
 * Albert Johann Ludovici (1820–1894), artist
 * Wolfgang Makatsch (1906–1983), ornithologist and oologist
 * Heinrich Marschner (1795–1861), composer
 * Stephan Meyer (born 1981), politician (CDU)
 * Ulrich Pinner (born 1954), tennis player
 * Georg-Wilhelm Postel (1896–1953), World War II general
 * Christian Gottlieb Priber (1697–1744), utopian colonist
 * Heinz Richter (born 1947), cyclist
 * Werner Richter (1893–1944), Generalleutnant in World War II
 * Marco Rudolph (born 1970), boxer
 * René Sommerfeldt (born 1974), cross-country skier
 * Lisa Tetzner (1894–1963), children's author
 * Steffen Tölzer (born 1985), ice hockey player
 * Christian Weise (1642–1708), writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian
 * Dieter-Gerhardt Worm (born 1930), conductor
 * Albert Zimmermann (1808–1888), painter
 * Max Zimmermann (1811–1878), painter
 * Robert Zimmermann (1815–1864), painter
 * Richard Zimmermann (1820–1875), painter

Honorary citizens

 * Martin Mutschmann, 1933 (revoked ?)

title: Zittau


text:
User talk:Kira Medvedeva

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User talk:Martin S Taylor

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Angel problem
Hi Martin, thanks for correcting that error on Angel problem! -- Schnee 01:50, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

derren brown
As his freind can you get a "released" copy of his picture for the article ?-- Procrastinating@ talk2me 21:22, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Adventure Axes
Regarding the change you recently made to the Colossal Cave Adventure page... If you wake the group of sleeping dwarves that Don Woods added in the end game, there is a reference to the nearest dwarf reaching for his axe, which explicitly refers to one additional axe. But the change you made is an improvement, since that passage was talking about Crowther's original (which only mentions a single axe, with the others using knives). Thanks. Dennis G. Jerz 01:28, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

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Panel game
Hello! I saw your editing of the panel game article and would really appreciate it if you could briefly pop into a discussion on the Hollywood Squares article on whether it is a panel game (there are cited descriptions if you're unfamiliar with the show). Here's the discussion. Thank you so much! 76.105.176.44 (talk) 22:43, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

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Vril Dox

Vril Dox, also known as Brainiac 2, is a fictional character published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Superman #167 (February 1964), and was created by Edmond Hamilton, Cary Bates, and Curt Swan.

Publication history
Vril Dox is the heir of Brainiac, one of Superman's greatest foes, and an ancestor of Querl Dox / Brainiac 5 of the Legion of Super-Heroes. The character first appeared in Superman #167 (February 1964), by Edmond Hamilton, Cary Bates, and Curt Swan, in a story entitled "The Deadly Duo! - The Team of Luthor and Brainiac!". He was later resurrected in Invasion! #1 (January 1989), by Keith Giffen, Bill Mantlo, and Todd McFarlane, and reimagined as a clone of Brainiac.

He went on to star in L.E.G.I.O.N. '89 (February 1989) through L.E.G.I.O.N. '94 (September 1994) by Keith Giffen, Alan Grant, and Barry Kitson. He returned in the follow-up series R.E.B.E.L.S. '94 (October 1994) through R.E.B.E.L.S. '96 (March 1996) by Tom Peyer and Arnie Jorgensen, and the subsequent series R.E.B.E.L.S. (2009–2011).

Silver Age
Vril Dox was a young Coluan who was adopted by the Computer Tyrants of Colu and declared Brainiac's son (Brainiac 2). He escaped and led a rebellion against the Computer Tyrants which overthrew their rule. He later appeared briefly in the Secrets of the Legion of Super-Heroes miniseries. His descendants (who had inherited long Coluan lifespans) were his son Pran Dox (Brainiac 3), his grandson Kajz Dox (Brainiac 4) and ultimately his great-grandson Querl Dox, Brainiac 5 of the Legion of Super Heroes.

Invasion!
Vril Dox II is a now a clone of Vril Dox (Brainiac), rather than his adopted son, as he is created by Vril Dox himself. He is still regarded as Brainiac's "heir", as he has inherited the original's high intelligence and Machiavellian ethics.

L.E.G.I.O.N. '89-94
Vril Dox is the founder of the interplanetary police force Licensed Extra Governmental Interstellar Operatives Network (abbreviated as L.E.G.I.O.N., an acronym suggested by Strata but accepted by Dox). It was founded through outright murder when Vril and his allies destroyed a criminal drug ring. Chief Dox tries to manipulate everyone he came across, not generally accepting when they did not follow his plans. He manages to gain control of the bounty hunter Lobo. This is partly by outsmarting and outfighting Lobo and taking advantage of one of the bounty hunter's simple ethics; that he never breaks his word. The group also has fought the alien crime lord Maximillian G'odd and the mercenary Ice Man.

Vril leads the Earth's heroes in the 1992 Annual crossover, they travel to the Moon and defeat the Eclipso entity.

R.E.B.E.L.S. '94-96
Vril had a son named Lyrl Dox (Brainiac 3) who rebelled and took over his organization. Vril later regains control of L.E.G.I.O.N by bartering with the demon Neron for the information on how to do it. The deal is for the soul of one of his unborn offspring. In addition, Vril asks Neron to have Ice Man not be a problem to them. After the cancellation of the title, he would only occasionally appear in the more cosmic DCU titles. For example, he appears in the 2004 Adam Strange miniseries, using robotic soldiers to hunt Strange. Dox, now missing his hair, incorrectly believes Rann had been destroyed at the hands of Strange. Dox's forces assist in the limited series Infinite Crisis.

R.E.B.E.L.S. (2009–2011)
A new 2009 series features Starro the Conqueror taking control of a now completely automated L.E.G.I.O.N. Dox, along with his old compatriot, Strata, must form a new team to regain his former status. During the Blackest Night crossover, Dox comes into contact with the mother of his son, who had recently been killed by L.E.G.I.O.N. drones, and was subsequently revived as a Black Lantern. Dox was also in an area in which a Sinestro Corps member was murdered by another Black Lantern. When the ring started to search for a new host, it selected Dox, making him a member of the Sinestro Corps. However, not even the power of the ring was a match for the Black Lanterns, forcing Dox to teleport them to Starro's homeworld, despite the fact that his son, Lyrl (who had recently had his intelligence restored by the warlord) was there also. Soon after, the ring rejected Dox, who had repeatedly refused Sinestro's mandate that all members of the Sinestro Corps were to gather at Korugar, and declared that he had been discharged from the Corps.

R.E.B.E.L.S. helped to save the Vega system and several galaxies by defeating Starro the Conqueror. The plight of Rann's people was soon resolved by Vril Dox, seeking to restore his reputation after Starro the Conqueror stole L.E.G.I.O.N. from him and used it to enslave its client worlds. Dox Zeta-beamed Rann into the Vega system, in the orbit previously held by the now destroyed planet Tamaran, and proceeded to terraform Rann and make it suitable to sustain life again.

The restoration of the planet Rann was not Dox's only reason for relocating it into the Vega system. First, by putting Rann into Tamaran's orbit, it restored the gravitational balance to the Vega system, which had been thrown off by Tamaran's destruction. Secondly, in exchange for restoring their planet, the people of Rann agreed to let Dox rebuild L.E.G.I.O.N. headquarters on Rann.

Tamaranian refugees, led by Blackfire, attacked Rann believing that since the planet was in Tamaran's orbit they had claim to it. The violence was ended when Vril Dox, who was off-world at the start of the conflict, arrived with Thanagarian warships and stopped the fighting without bloodshed on either side. As it turned out, Dox was off-world negotiating an official end to the Rann-Thanagar War, using Rann's new-found distance from Thanagar and change in leadership on both sides as leverage.

Dox then went on to mediate the tension between the Rannians and the Tamaranians by proposing that the Tamaranians live on Rann's uninhabited southern continent.

Dox, Adam Strange and other senior commanders of L.E.G.I.O.N. also ensured peace with the Green Lantern Corps and helped create an alliance between Rannians, Tamaranians and L.E.G.I.O.N. after defeating Starro the Conqueror, ensuring security for Rann, the Vega system and the galaxy, with Dox becoming consort to Blackfire.

The New 52
In 2011, "The New 52" rebooted the DC universe. In Superman vol. 3 Annual #2, Vril Dox is shown to be Brainiac's original identity.

Rebirth
In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". When Brainiac's home planet of Colu falls under the threat of four beings that escaped the Source Wall at the end of Dark Nights: Metal, the teams of heroes and villains realize that their armor is pulling them into four teams towards four different energy sources in the form of trees that coincide with the four entities. Batman's team finds Vril Dox, who claims that his father would never put his faith in the Earth heroes, as he only needed their powers to save Colu, but his plan required him at every step. With Brainiac's death at the hands of Amanda Waller, the planet of Colu and Earth are doomed.

Other versions
An alternate future version of Vril Dox appears in Armageddon 2001.

Film
Vril Dox appears in Legion of Super-Heroes, voiced by Benjamin Diskin. This version is a clone of Brainiac and member of the Dark Circle who was created to steal the Miracle Machine. After his failure to do so, Brainiac fuses him into himself, but Brainiac 5 later manipulates Vril and his fellow clones into fighting and killing one another from the inside.

Video games

 * Vril Dox was set to appear as a playable character in Lobo prior to its cancellation.

 * Vril Dox appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
 * Vril Dox appears in Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League, voiced by Jason Isaacs.

Miscellaneous

 * Vril Dox appears in DC Universe Online: Legends #1.
 * Vril Dox appears in the Arrowverse tie-in comic Adventures of Supergirl. This version is a hacker from the planet Yod who was hired to frame Winn Schott for funding and aiding terrorism and disguising himself as an A.I. that Winn created called V.R.I.L. Vril discovers Supergirl's identity, but she finds and defeats him before he is arrested by the Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO).

title: Vril Dox