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Sun City (South Africa)

Sun City is a luxury resort and casino, situated in the North West Province of South Africa. It is located between the Elands River and the Pilanesberg, build on the land of Bakubung Village (known as Ledig) about 140 km (90 miles) northwest of Johannesburg, near the city of Rustenburg. The complex borders the Pilanesberg National Park. It is made up of a number of themed sub-resorts with hotels on each, including the original Sun City Resort, The Cabanas, The Cascades and the Lost City (The Palace).

Beginning
Sun City was developed by the hotel magnate Sol Kerzner as part of his Sun International group of properties. It was officially opened on 7 December 1979, then located in the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana.

As Bophuthatswana had been declared an independent state by South Africa's apartheid government (although unrecognised as such by any other country), it could provide entertainment such as gambling and topless revue shows, which were banned in South Africa. Those factors, as well as its relatively close location to the large metropolitan areas of Pretoria and Johannesburg, ensured that Sun City soon became a popular holiday and weekend destination.

Music performances and boycotts
The United Nations had imposed a cultural boycott on South Africa in condemnation of apartheid. To overcome this, Kerzner offered substantial financial incentives to performing artists to use Sun City as a venue. Several acts disregarded the boycott and performed at the venue, such as The Beach Boys, Linda Ronstadt, Cher, Millie Jackson, Liza Minnelli, Frank Sinatra (1981), Shirley Bassey (1981), Olivia Newton-John (1982), Dolly Parton (1982), Neil Sedaka (1982), Paul Anka, Status Quo, Rod Stewart (July 1983), Elton John (October 1983), and Boney M. (1984).

British rock band Queen's series of performances at the venue in October 1984 in transgression of the boycott caused considerable controversy, prompting criticism in the British music press, a fine from the Musicians' Union and their inclusion on the United Nations' blacklisted artists. Following the criticism, Queen strongly defended their decision, saying they "play to anybody who wants to come and listen" and were "a very non-political group", but donated to a school for the deaf and blind to assert their philanthropic values. In 2021, drummer Roger Taylor voiced regret for the Sun City shows, stating that "We went with the best intentions, but I still think it was kind of a mistake."

On 25 October 1980, Sun City's "Superbowl" hosted a racially mixed world heavyweight boxing championship fight between champion American Mike Weaver and challenger South African Gerrie Coetzee. Weaver won the fight by knockout in the 13th round, successfully defending his World Boxing Association world heavyweight title.

In 1985, E Street Band guitarist Steven Van Zandt made the venue the focus of his music-industry activist group Artists United Against Apartheid. Forty-nine top recording artists collaborated on a song called "Sun City", in which they pledged they would not perform at the resort because of their opposition to apartheid. Additionally, Simple Minds included the song as part of a live medley on their Live in the City of Light double album in 1987. The same year, Black Sabbath played six shows in Sun City with a short-lived line-up featuring original guitarist Tony Iommi, keyboardist Geoff Nicholls, then-new vocalist Tony Martin, and a rhythm section with drummer Terry Chimes (The Clash) and bassist Dave Spitz (Great White).

Skytrain
In January 1986 the Skytrain people mover, built with Otis Hovair technology, took its first trip on a 1.71 km line that connects a remote parking lot to the Entertainment Centre. Two trains of three cars shuttle on the route.

Post-apartheid
Sun City has continued since Bophuthatswana was re-incorporated in the new South Africa in 1994.

The resort has four hotels:
 * Sun City Hotel or The Main Hotel
 * Cascades Hotel;
 * The Cabanas;
 * The Palace of the Lost City.

Sun City has the Vacation Club which is a hotel but also sold in a timeshare scheme.

Sun City also has two international-standard 18-hole golf courses, the Gary Player Country Club and the Lost City Golf Course, both designed by Gary Player. The Gary Player Country Club is home to the Nedbank Golf Challenge (formerly the Nedbank Million Dollar Golf Challenge) that is held annually.

The Sun City resort has hosted various concerts and events, including the Miss South Africa and Miss South Africa Teen Pageant. These pageants take place annually in Sun City's Super Bowl Arena and the Valley of Waves. It also hosted Miss World pageant five times, from 1992 to 1995, and 2001. The resort was also the site of the Sun City Agreement.

In 2001, Sun City was the site of the 2nd IIFA Awards. Held at the Superbowl Arena, it honoured both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in Bollywood, for that year. Also on that year on 19 May, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for their Where Dreams Come True Tour supporting their album Coast to Coast.

In 2014, the film Blended starring Drew Barrymore and Adam Sandler premiered on the premises after being filmed mostly at the resort, as was the 2017 film 10 Days in Sun City.

In 2022, the World Classic Powerlifting Championships 2022 was held in Sun City. In 2024, the Commonwealth Powerlifting Championships will also be held in Sun City.

title: Sun City (South Africa)


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Category:American psychologists

A psychologist is a practitioner of psychology. The American Psychological Association has issued a guideline that only those who hold a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree in psychology or a closely related field should call themselves "psychologists." This page lists both psychologists who are American citizens and psychologists of any nationality who have been based in the United States.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:American psychologists


text:
User talk:Buggieface

hey wikipedia pepl! wuz up!!!! wuts shakin bacon??? i dunno either lol kepp it real dogs! hey hey again i didnt go newhere but still i hate this stupid thing! yall sux! keep it real wiki users!

hate always Marilyn Monroe

Hey sam dis is Amanda i am at home now lol! I wuz jus sayin hi hopefulli u check dis gay website again 2 see dis message lol! well g2g finish the gay reading thingy ttul byez!!!!

hey amanda this is sam wuts up this site is so gay! mayb we should rite hating messages to the pepl on this stupid thing oooo yea sounds fun! ok i hate this stupid site its so gay! f*$% this site!

hahahahahahahahahahaha this site is so f*$% up! lol lol lol lol lol lol lol neway i hate this is soooooooooooooooo gay go to wb17.com!

hey me n amanda did i say tht i completely hate this stupid fucken site?

title: User talk:Buggieface


text: Category:Psychologists by nationality

title: Category:Psychologists by nationality


text:
Cedric Myton

Cedric Constantine Myton (born 1947) is a Jamaican Rastafari reggae musician who was a founding member of the roots reggae band The Congos.

Career
Myton was born in Old Harbour, Jamaica. He began his singing career with the group The Bell Stars, who recorded one single 45" "over and over" (1967), which was a minor success. Alongside Lincoln Thompson, "preps" Lewis, and Devon Russell, Myton formed The Tartans in 1968, the group released many 45" singles, and had early success in 1969 with the hit 45 "Dance All Night". After a couple of years The Tartans disbanded, and Myton alongside Lincoln "Prince" Thompson, formed "The Royal Rasses". Myton spent almost three years alongside Thompson, writing the tracks which would constitute the Royal Rasses album Humanity. Myton also sang on every track on Humanity. This album was a big success, although Myton left The Royal Rasses shortly after the release of Humanity. The band continued without Myton, who went on to form The Congos, alongside Roydel Johnson, who had a rich "tenor" and Watty Burnett who provided a "Deep Barritone", which combined with Myton's rich "Falsetto" anchored The Congos.

The first album they recorded, Heart of the Congos, was produced by Lee "Scratch" Perry. Due to both a dispute between the Perry and Island Records' favouritism of Bob Marley, Heart of the Congos was shelved because it was deemed "a strong album." Island Records, led by Chris Blackwell, felt it would take away the limelight from Marley. Initially it was released in very limited numbers on Perry's Black Art label and Perry re-mixed the album adding various external sounds, such as "cow horns" provided by the baritone Burnett. Many years later the English group The Beat released Heart of the Congos on their own Go-Feet label, as did the company Blood and Fire. Heart of the Congos was a big success.

Later Myton pursued a solo career. After some time, the Congos reformed and recorded an album titled, Back in the Black Ark. The group toured as well, appearing at music festivals such as the 2012 Rototom Sunsplash.

title: Cedric Myton


text:
Indian Congress (Socialist)

Indian Congress (Socialist) (IC(S)) also known as Congress (Secular) was a political party in India between 1978 and 1986.

The party was formed through a split in the Indian National Congress. Initially the party was known as the Indian National Congress (Urs) and was led by D. Devraj Urs.

It broke away from the parent party in 1978 following Indira Gandhi's drubbing in the 1977 General Elections. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Goa including future Union Ministers and Chief Ministers A.K. Antony, Sharad Pawar, Dev Kant Baruah, Priyaranjan Das Munshi, Sarat Chandra Sinha, K. P. Unnikrishnan and Mohammad Yunus Saleem.

When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to Indian Congress (Socialist).

He became the youngest chief minister of Maharashtra by toppling the Vasantdada Patil-led Congress government in 1978. He led a group of 40 MLAs to split from the parent party and formed the government with Janata Party's support.

In 1980, after Indira Gandhi swept the Lok Sabha polls, Pawar's state government was dismissed. In the Maharashtra elections in 1980, his party lost.

Again in 1985, Pawar's party the Indian National Congress (Socialist) won only 54 seats and he became the Leader of Opposition in Maharashtra. With the split and the decline of the Janata Party nationally, Pawar soon realised that he can't get back to power in Maharashtra on his own. Pawar merged his party back into the Congress in 1986.

One section led by Sarat Chandra Sinha broke away from IC(S) in 1984 and formed a separate party known as Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha. This faction merged with Sharad Pawar's Nationalist Congress Party in 1999.

However, in Kerala, the residual faction of Indian Congress (Socialist), Congress (Secular) led by Kadannappalli Ramachandran still exists and is a part of the Left Democratic Front. In 2007, Democratic Indira Congress (Left) merged with this party.

title: Indian Congress (Socialist)


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Zestaponi

Zestaponi or Zestafoni (ზესტაფონი, ) is the administrative center of Zestaponi District in Western Georgia. Zestaponi is the center of an ancient, historical part of Georgia – Margveti, which is a part of Imereti province. Zestaponi is the center of Margveti's Eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church. Zestaponi is situated in the furthest east of the Colchis Plateau, and is built on both banks of the Qvirila River.

It is an important industrial center, with a large ferro-alloy plant processing manganese ore from nearby Chiatura. Zestaponi is in the Kolkheti lowlands, a semi-tropical region with relatively cold winters averaging -4 °C in January and hot summers averaging 24 °C in August. The surrounding countryside is a wine-growing region.

Industry
The town of Zestaponi and the smaller neighboring town of Shorapani are industrial centers. The Zestaponi ferro-alloy plant processes raw manganese ore shipped by rail down the Kvirila valley from Chiatura, supplying 6% of world demand. The largest ferroalloy plant in the country, in 1998 it produced 35,000 tonnes of silicomanganese and 11,000 tonnes of medium-carbon manganese alloy. This was well below its previous peak production of 110,000 tonnes of manganese-based alloys. The British steel trading company Stemcor acquired the ferro-alloy plant in February 2006.

Two other plants in the Zestaponi / Shorapani area produce electrical products, aluminum and copper cable and wire. There were more plants in the Soviet era producing fireproof clay, marble and clothing. Zestaponi is also one of the winery-vinery centers of Georgia. Wine prepared from the Tsitsqa and Tsolikouri species are widely known.

History
Zestaponi lies 2 km west of the small but ancient fortress town of Shorapani, founded by Pharnavaz I of Iberia in the 3rd century BC. The town of Zestaponi is first mentioned in historical records in the 1560s. The name of the city is connected with the bank of river Kvirila (poni), upper bank  (Zeda poni), that was used by the local population and foreign travelers from ancient times.

In the 1820s a Cossack army was posted in the town, which was then called "Kvirila" after the river that runs through it. During the Russian Empire, the city was the administrative center of the Shorapani Uyezd of the Kutaisi Governorate. In 1920, the name was changed again to "Jugeli", after a famous revolutionary. In 1921, the city regained its historical name.

There are many historical monuments in the Zestaponi region: Zeda Saqara (11th century), Tabakini (6th century), Tseva (11th century), Sanakhshire and other churches, and castles from the early Middle Ages in Shrosha and Shorapani. Shorapani (Sarapanis) is the toponymy, that is mentioned in old Greek mythology. That was Sarapanis that Jason and his Argonaut friends approached during their travel in old Colchis (Kolkhida).

Sports and culture
The local football club, FC Zestaponi, plays in the top league in Georgia and twice won the Georgian championship in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 season. The local women's basketball team was champion of Georgia in 2011. The city's stadium was built by Zestaponi Ferro-alloy Plant in 1952 and since its renovation has a capacity of 4,600.

The writer Boris Akunin and philosopher Tengiz Tsereteli were born in Zestaponi. The psychologist and philosopher Dimitri Uznadze was born in the nearby village of Sakara in 1886. Famous Georgian actors Shalva Ghambashidze, Ushangi Chkheidze, Sergo and Bukhuti Zakariadze were also born in Zestaponi. World wrestling (Greco-Roman) champion Mikhail Saladze is from Zestaponi.

Notable people

 * Dimitri Uznadze - psychologist
 * Boris Akunin - writer
 * Shalva Dadiani - novelist, playwright and actor
 * Zaza Tavadze - is a former chairman of the Constitutional Court of Georgia

Twin towns — sister cities
Zestaponi is twinned with:

title: Zestaponi


text: Category:Extremadura

title: Category:Extremadura


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Talk:Muffin

Muffin as a euphemism
"Bluffin' with my muffin", anyone? 174.95.227.232 (talk) 07:49, 13 November 2011 (UTC) muffins are a yummy thing to eat you can eat them — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.82.100.10 (talk) 22:21, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
 * That's not a common usage though; it's more evidence that anything can be a euphemism in the right context. If I told a girl to come check out my beef on weck... well, I don't know what would happen, but my meaning would likely be clear. Unless I were actually referring to a sandwich. But I don't think Lady Gaga was singing about using baked goods to bluff. --BDD (talk) 18:27, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Table of nutrients
The table of nutrients only has the nutrients for a blueberry muffin ,Shouldn't it also have the nutrients for other forms of muffins? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 16:46, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Derpy Hooves
Derpy Hooves is an inspirational character in the hit TV series "breaking bad", She has taken the hearts of many people around the world, Brony or not, she has not had fandom made on Youtube, Facebook ect. 99.178.171.244 (talk) 18:34, 3 May 2012 (UTC)SilverStar

In the episode "Applebuck Season"(S:01-E:04) Pinkie Pie comes out of the kitchen with a tray of cupcakes, ponies crowding in the bakery praise the muffins when Derpy Hooves exclaims "MMM...Muffins!". Fandom now has made fandom of her liking muffins.65.60.157.98 (talk) 10:54, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

"American English"
Article starts with "A muffin is an American English name for a cupcaker." While the word, or that particular meaning of it, may well have begun in the US, it is no longer exclusively American, and I don't think it is right to identify it as such in the first sentence. In Australia, people eat muffins regularly (quite similar to the American ones) - and even though they may be ultimately of American origin, I don't think that occurs to most people. ZackMartin (talk) 12:37, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I'd guess that the purpose is to stop the complaints from a small proportion of people in the UK who can't believe that the article called (plain) "muffin" isn't about the yeast bread version (called English muffins in much of the world). WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:27, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

 * We in the UK do not call "English Muffins" muffins. We recognise the "American" Muffin as a muffin, in fact in shops we use the same terminology as the rest of the world and "English" muffins aren't even popular due to Crumpets existing. 92.236.101.139 (talk) 15:13, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

Somewhat belittling and unfounded comment. The proportion may be large, and maybe made of people beyond the UK who on all issues want to ensure that Wikipedia is just an American bias. for shame on them! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.43.152.9 (talk) 21:05, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I can't agree with 'shame on them'. Wikipedia's blatantly US-centric articles and generally, sometimes laughably, poor editing provides good entertainment for the better educated parts of the world.

 * Of course, for good-ol'-USofA-ians the reset of the world doesn't really exist, except in Hollywood versions.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was not moved. As noted in the following RM, there shouldn't be concurrent RMs on the same page, and it seems clear already that this proposal won't succeed. Since Betrandrussell and Betrand russell 0 are presumably the same user, we'll defer to his more recent request. --BDD (talk) 18:19, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Muffin → Muffin (American-style) – The word "muffin" (used on its own, i.e. without the phrase "American-style" or "English" preceding it) means different things to English speakers around the world. In the U.K. it will be interpreted to mean an English muffin, and in the U.S. it will be interpreted to mean an American-style muffin. Therefore the logical thing to do is move this page to "Muffin (American-style)" and have a disambiguation page for the page "Muffin" pointing to the various types of bun available. (An analogous case is the page "Football" which doesn't point to either American football, Soccer, or any other style of football, but talks about the various kinds of football in general.) Betrandrussell (talk) 14:37, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose words can have different meanings. Hot Stop talk-contribs 14:54, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * ? What on earth does this mean? See sourceIn ictu oculi (talk) 23:59, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * if reading comprehension is an issue for you, maybe you shouldn't be chiming in here Hot Stop talk-contribs 03:05, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Don't be a jerk, Hot Stop. Seriously. 172.56.21.111 (talk) 04:01, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Whose sock puppet are you? Hot Stop talk-contribs 17:32, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Weak oppose: No evidence was given by the proposer to show that this is not the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for "Muffin" – just that other meanings exist, and unnecessary changes of MOS:ENGVAR are discouraged (MOS:RETAIN). "Muffin" seems different than "football" to me. Outside of the US, "football" has one very dominant meaning that is sufficient to prevent the US meaning from having primary status. But it is not clear that "muffin" (especially when used by itself rather than being coupled with other words, as in "English muffin") has a very dominant meaning outside of the US that differs from the US meaning (except perhaps in the UK). —BarrelProof (talk) 22:04, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment: The example of the football articles is irrelevant (see also the essay Other stuff exists). The football page is a separate "dab concept article", which gives a broad, general overview and common history of all sports named "football". There is currently no separate "dab concept article" for "muffin", giving a broad overview of both kinds of muffins. Zzyzx11 (talk) 22:38, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Support - In India "muffin" means the same thing as England, a muffin, not a cupcake. The title "English muffin" is also a Americacentric title. Muffin (English) and Muffin (American) would be more inline with WP:AT and WP:WORLDVIEW. The term "American muffin" gets 251 Google Books results many in American books, illustrating that "muffin" on its own is ambiguous. WP:PRIMARYTOPIC does not mean WP:AMERICANTOPIC and the example of "Football" is not just essay Other stuff exists (which deserves to be nuked as the most stupid essay on Wikipedia) but straight to the point. It is evident that The Great Little Australian Muffin Cookbook in Australia muffins now means American muffins, but in New Zealand muffin may still mean the same as India and Britain]. But the main point here is why should an American muffin not be described as an American muffin when it is American, and distinct from the other muffin? Whom exactly does not indicating American in the title benefit? In ictu oculi (talk) 23:59, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Mild oppose without evidence of primary topic, though I strongly support the idea of a football-style semi-disambiguation page if we find there is no primary topic. As a brief aside, there is a world of difference between an American muffin and a cupcake. They're not even remotely similar except for shape as far as baked goods go (which, granted, they are pretty much the same shape, but by size and composition and even coloration they are very easy to distinguish from cupcakes). "English muffin" is a perfect natural disambiguator for the other article. I understand the move proposal here but I wonder to what extent unsweetened British-style muffins can be considered to be as notable as American muffins. The highly ad hoc comparison I just did seems to show that American English speakers refer to muffins a great deal more, relatively speaking, than their British English speaking counterparts.  172.56.21.69 (talk) 02:21, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose our article seems to state it is only called "American-style muffin" in the UK, so we would not be enlightening people outside the UK, but confusing them instead. Instead Muffin (cupcake) might be better, if this type of muffin isn't the primary topic of "Muffin". From comments above, it seems this style of muffin is the primary topic... -- 76.65.131.217 (talk) 04:03, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment what do our Indian and Australian editors think is a muffin and what do they call these two types? -- 76.65.131.217 (talk) 04:04, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No idea where "American-style muffin" came from. As an Englishman, trust me that nobody in the UK calls it an "American-style muffin". We call it a "muffin" and we all know what we're talking about. What the Americans call an "English muffin" we (ironically) usually only see at McDonald's these days! -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:03, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, most people would just say "muffin", that's true. But no-one in Britain calls (English) muffins "English muffins" either. Betrand russell 0 (talk) 12:55, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The parenthetical should be a category or context, not a modifier, especially not a modifier no one uses in the real world. 115.85.18.169 (talk) 12:35, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Per WP:Engvar & WP:Retain. We don't need to create a dab page, this article explains both items. And from personal experience of vacationing in the UK and Ireland, the supermarkets sold these as "muffins". --Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 17:13, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * : Yes, but the supermarkets also sell (English) muffins as just "muffins" Betrand russell 0 (talk) 12:55, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The American-style muffin is known as a muffin in both the U.S. and UK, the English-style muffin is known as English muffin in the U.S. and both muffin AND English muffin in the UK. It is not confusing to British readers to describe the American-style as simply a muffin, therefore keep as is. The hatnote is sufficient to avoid any confusion. Zarcadia (talk) 13:01, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Requested move 2

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Speedy close due to multiple accounts - either new User User:Betrand russell 0 is an impersonation account, or a multiple account of new User User:Betrandrussell. Either way that is not permitted. Plus the response to the 2nd RM is as evident as the first. In ictu oculi (talk) 23:27, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Muffin → Muffin (cupcake) – The word "muffin" means different things to English speakers around the world. In the U.K. it will normally be interpreted to mean an English muffin, and in the U.S. it will be normally interpreted to mean an American-style muffin. Therefore the logical thing to do is move this page to "Muffin (cupcake)" and have a disambiguation page for the page "Muffin" pointing to the various types of bun available. This proposal is in response to some of the comments above, so I am putting this proposal forward as well. Note that I have also suggested that "English muffin" be moved to "Muffin (bread)". I would also like to point out, in response to comments that American-style muffins are now more common than English muffins, that (speaking as someone from the UK) American-style muffins are most often seen in American coffee-shops such as Starbucks, so I would hardly call this as indicative of English culture, even if the presence of so many American coffee companies in the UK obviously has an effect on our culture in the long term. Obviously, context is also important, so in a coffee-shop (in the UK) such as Starbucks, when a British person says the word "muffin" there isn't a need to explain which kind of muffin is being talked about, but again, this isn't really representative of English culture in general, considering Starbucks is an American company. Betrand russell 0 (talk) 13:13, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. This is borderline trolling considering how little support the above proposal is getting. You don't get to keep throwing shit at the wall to see what sticks. Hot Stop talk-contribs 15:28, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Two people above mentioned that the parenthetical part "American-style" was not suitable, and one person suggested "cupcake" instead. I wanted to put forward an alternative proposal and get a vote for that as well (considering the voting eventually just boils down to "Yes" or "No"). This seems logical, and reasonable. Your own contributions, on the other hand, have so far been to point out that "words can have different meanings", and then to tell someone to get lost ("if reading comprehension is an issue for you, maybe you shouldn't be chiming in here"), and then to name call (i.e. calling me a "troll" and so on).Betrand russell 0 (talk) 15:43, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Close one of these RMs (or both): It's silly to have two RMs open at the same time for the same article – especially with the same proposer (strikethrough since I noticed that it's not the same proposer – rather, it's a proposer with a similar name and similar perspective). —BarrelProof (talk) 16:25, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose While WP:NATURAL disambiguation is probably more called for here, the proposed disambiguator doesn't make sense. First of all, muffins and cupcakes aren't the same thing, and even if they were, that's not how disambiguation should be done. Tip (gratuity) will soon be moved to Gratuity, and Football (soccer) was moved to Association football ages ago, because the disambiguating term shouldn't be a synonym. See WP:D on how to pick a proper one. In this case, it's going to be very difficult to come up with a good term to distinguish these muffins from English muffins, hence my hunch that we're better off with the status quo. --BDD (talk) 18:25, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose for the reasons given above. In the UK it will not "normally be interpreted to mean an English muffin" and neither are they "most often seen in American coffee-shops such as Starbucks". It will in fact normally be interpreted to mean what is described in this article and they are found everywhere, including all supermarkets, in which they are sold simply as "muffins". What Americans call "English muffins" are in fact rarely seen in the UK these days. I'm starting to think that Betrand russell 0 is not actually from the UK, as I struggle to reconcile my experience of the modern UK with his. And who on earth would describe a muffin as a cupcake? They're entirely different things. -- Necrothesp (talk) 22:01, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't say that the bready sort of muffins are rarely seen in the UK. Down my local supermarket I find the Chocolate muffins and blueberry muffins on a shelf next to the buns and other cakes, if I turn 180 degrees I see (next to the crumpets) the bread muffins - value muffins, all butter muffins, cheese & onion muffins, and cinnamon & sultana muffins.GraemeLeggett (talk) 22:48, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

 * Oppose: This idea is worse than the last one – e.g., for reasons mentioned by BDD. —BarrelProof (talk) 23:44, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oops – I guess the discussion closed before I added that remark. I wouldn't have added the remark if I had known the discussion had closed (but now that it has happened, I guess I'll leave it there.) —BarrelProof (talk) 23:51, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 December 2013
I have new information regaurding muffin history, I request permission to make changes to this artical.

Derpy Hooves214 (talk) 15:59, 20 December 2013 (UTC)
 * We can't give access to individual new users. You may post your suggested changes here, and if someone more experienced supports your suggestion, then that person will make the change for you.  Please note that all requests to add trivia about the My Little Pony franchise are declined.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:32, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 March 2015
58.166.174.59 (talk) 07:09, 12 March 2015 (UTC) muffins can be sweet ior savarory with eater bana and cherrys or bacon and eggs its up to you\ It was irriginated in Canada and is sered with jam on the sweet or a dressing for the savory thanks

If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 08:50, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Fascinating words. Do you have an English translation?  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.142.227.60 (talk) 11:36, 26 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a specific change.

Semi-protected edit request on 29 April 2017
PrincessMini (talk) 23:03, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

 * @PrincessMini: You didn't tell us what you wanted changed, so we're unable to make any changes. —C.Fred (talk) 23:04, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

Re-write?
In view of this page being semi-protected, I'm suggesting a re-write rather than just doing the BOLD thing. I feel the current distinction here between “muffins” and “English muffins” may work in the US, but not elsewhere; so I suggest re-organizing the page with a more neutral division between flatbread and quickbread varieties. If there are no objections I will do that in a couple of days. Moonraker12 (talk) 10:34, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

 * OK, done (finally!) Moonraker12 (talk) 17:32, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 August 2019
Quote: The word "muffin" is thought to derive from the German mouffin.

This comes from me being a native German: "mouffin" is not a german word. Written that way I'd not even know how to pronounce it. Looks french to me. Please add "citation needed" or remove that sentence.

Check these German dictionary resources:

https://de.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?search=mouffin&title=Spezial%3ASuche&go=Seite&ns0=1 quote "Zu deiner Suchanfrage wurden keine Ergebnisse gefunden." meaning "There have been no results to your search query."

https://www.duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/muffin?ls=mouffin quote "mouffin liefert keine Ergebnisse." meaning "mouffin doesn't yield any results." "Der Duden" being the most official reference in Germany. Vertex rikers (talk) 00:09, 11 August 2019 (UTC)

 * For edit requests, you generally need to make a precise request. In this case, though, I simply removed this statement as dubious – there's already a better etymology given earlier in the article with which it conflicted anyway.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 02:46, 11 August 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 December 2019
I would like to edit because there is a song about muffins, and I believe it is called "muffin time" and it is also a meme from my favorite Youtuber. I have edited before, and I was just kinda joking around and put a tittle as "the un-official". I guess I got blocked. But let me edit please UwU and OwO (talk) 12:46, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: this is not the right page to request additional user rights. You may reopen this request with the specific changes to be made and someone will add them for you, or if you have an account, you can wait until you are autoconfirmed and edit the page yourself. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 13:36, 13 December 2019 (UTC)

Official State Muffin
While part of me finds it difficult to imagine such a thing as an official state muffin, it surely exists as a category. Which leads me to ask, are there more than just those three official state muffins (Massachusetts, Minnesota and New York) for which links to Wikipedia articles are provided? And if so, would some enterprising Wikipedian be sufficiently motivated to start a page called Official State Muffin?

Nuttyskin (talk) 15:55, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

Split English muffin content out of this article?
It's obvious to me from looking at the previous discussions, as well as even the first revision of this page created all the way back in 2003, that this article is intended to be about the American-style muffins. The problem is that this article has become a sort of "catch all" page now that talks about both the US and UK variety of muffins, even while there is already a dedicated English muffin article for that specific variety. There's now an ongoing discussion about merging the poppyseed muffin article into this one, so while that's going on, I was thinking about using this opportunity to be WP:BOLD and move all of the UK variety content from this article into the existing English muffin article but then I figured I'd start a discussion here before doing so in case anyone wants to object first. --TheSameGuy (talk) 05:36, 26 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I support the proposed split. It's a similar problem as what faces Biscuit and Biscuit (bread). There probably needs to be a move discussion about the final titles for each page but the split can be implemented in the meantime. Ibadibam (talk) 05:32, 29 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, makes sense. --Lord Belbury (talk) 13:58, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
 * No, I disagree. It is obvious to me, looking at the same discussions (here and in the archive, and at the other talk page) and over the (looong!) edit histories of both these pages, that the issue of what to call these things is pretty divisive. I think the current arrangement, which gives information on both products in a way that avoids labelling them English or American, or (as with the present proposal) simply appropriating the term for one particular style, presents the subject in what is, I hope, a neutral and non-judgemental manner. If it is anomalous that we have a separate page on the English Muffin, then the better thing to do would be to merge it to here, and redirect that title to the flatbread section of this article. Any thoughts on that? Moonraker12 (talk) 17:54, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with ; I am not at all in favour of the balkanization of articles, which practice is like a plague here, sometimes with ludicrous result. English as a language has an affinity for using single words to describe multiple (usually two), at times diverse things but with a thread of a connection, and there's no reason why we shouldn't have articles that cover the different senses of these words, like biscuit or muffin. The individual senses can have their own subarticles too, with more detail in their main articles. There seem to be a common misguided notion that not a sentence of content may be duplicated on this encyclopaedia, and that just isn't so. Overlapped content between articles is good. It is entire articles' content showing up in multiple places that should be kept at minimum. 2600:1702:4960:1DE0:10BA:9558:7F4:32F (talk) 13:08, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, there shouldn't be any pushing of the idea, implicit or otherwise, that the word "muffin" has different meaning in England and America. Both kinds are called muffins in both countries; the one kind may be called "English" muffins in America, but every other type of muffin also requires some descriptor - there's no such thing as a "plain muffin" (unless it's a plain English muffin). 2600:1702:4960:1DE0:10BA:9558:7F4:32F (talk) 13:25, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

Grammar
Can somebody please edit the first paragraph to read “a quickbread” instead of “an quickbread”? The sentence should read correctly absent the parenthetical. It’s actually preferable to remove the parentheses, they’re really not necessary. 2601:183:C180:9F0:8C38:C5AF:43E5:D8C6 (talk) 12:47, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muffin


text:
Dan Smith (artist)

Dan Smith is an American illustrator and graphic artist known for his work for Wizards of the Coast, FASA, White Wolf, Steve Jackson Games, Iron Crown, Hasbro, Nintendo, and Namco.

While known primarily as an illustrator, Dan Smith is also a designer of family card games, including Battle of the Bands, Portable Adventures and King of Crime.

Dan Smith has a variety of illustration styles ranging from kid friendly to teen edgy. His black-and-white work for GURPS became so prominent in the 1990s, he became the unofficial 'house artist'. One of his techniques was to photograph friends in poses as illustration models. This allows friends to flip through role-playing game books and see themselves on the pages dressed as wizards and secret agents.

Dan Smith, with fellow graphic designers Jeff Koke and Derek Pearcy, won the 1997 Origins Award for Best Graphic Presentation of a Roleplaying Game, Adventure, or Supplement for the role-playing game In Nomine. He also garnered a nomination for best traditional card game and supplement for his seminal Battle of the Bands and its sequel, Backstage Pass.

title: Dan Smith (artist)


text:
User talk:Fruitcake77

Hey i wuz jus j/kin u lol who r u gay ppl lol!! Yall sux talk 2 my friend Buggieface

Love alwayz, Lyttle Marilyn Monroe

title: User talk:Fruitcake77


text: User talk:129.108.193.56

title: User talk:129.108.193.56


text:
Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire

Upper Heyford is a village and civil parish about 6 mi northwest of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,295.

The village is just east of the River Cherwell. "Upper" distinguishes it from Lower Heyford which is about 1 mi "lower", downstream along the Cherwell valley. The parish measures about 2+1/2 mi east–west and almost 2 mi north–south. In 1959 it covered 1628 acre.

The parish's western boundary is just west of the river. Chilgrove Drive, a continuation of Aves ditch, forms part of the parish's eastern boundary. Field boundaries bound the parish on the south. In the north the boundary crosses the former RAF Upper Heyford airfield, following the course of former field boundaries.

Prehistory
The Portway is a pre-Roman road running parallel with the River Cherwell on high ground about 1 mi east of the river. Its course bisects Upper Heyford parish and passes just east of the village. Part of it forms a minor road to Kirtlington.

Manor
The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Haiford, with a manor of 10 hides that was one of the many estates of the Norman baron Robert D'Oyly. Along with many manors of the D'Oyly estate, Heyford became part of the Honour of Wallingford. The manor was tenanted by the de Chesney family until the late 12th century, when Maud de Chesney became married to Henry FitzGerold, chamberlain to Henry II. Maud left the manor to her eldest son Warin, who had succeeded to the manor by 1198 and after whom the village became called Heyford Warren. Warin's daughter Margaret married Baldwin de Redvers, son of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon. Heyford Warren remained with the Earls of Devon and thereby passed to Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon in 1262.

Isabella outlived all her children, so after her death in 1293 her inheritance was disputed between Warin de Lisle and Hugh de Courtenay, who later became 9th Earl of Devon. Warin died in 1296 but his son Robert eventually won seisin of Heyford Warren in 1310, except for two and a half virgates that were awarded to de Courtenay. Robert also received the nearby manor of Fritwell from the Countess's estate. In 1380 his great-grandson, also Robert de Lisle, sold the manor along with some land at Barford St. Michael for £1,000 to William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, who made them part of his endowment for the foundation of New College, Oxford.

In about 1400 or shortly thereafter New College had a tithe barn built at Manor Farm in the village. Its plan is 120 ft by 24 ft, it is of nine bays and built of coursed rubble with ashlar quoins and buttresses. The roof is of Stonesfield slate and has raised-cruck trusses. The building has similarities with tithe barns at Swalcliffe and Adderbury, both of which were also built for New College early in the 15th century. It is a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building.

Upper Heyford's common lands were enclosed in 1842. New College still held the manor in the early 1950s.

Church of England
The village had a church by AD 1074. Inside the current Church of England parish church of St Mary is a 14th-century recumbent effigy of a priest in a 14th-century arched recess in the chancel. The church may have been rebuilt in the latter part of the 15th century, but only the Perpendicular Gothic west tower survives from that time.

Major repairs to the roof and south aisle were made in 1668 and 1769, but by the 1860s the nave and chancel were in a poor condition again. In 1865 the church was demolished except for the west tower. A new church, designed by the architect Thomas Talbot Bury in a Gothic Revival interpretation of Perpendicular Gothic, was built in its place and completed in 1867.

This Victorian building has very regular coursed masonry, which departs conspicuously from the traditional Mediæval rubble masonry of the tower and, presumably, the demolished parts of the previous church. Bury preserved only a handful of features from the Mediæval church: a Perpendicular Gothic window in the north wall of the chancel, a piscina, a tomb recess and a 14th-century effigy of a priest. St Mary's is a Grade II* listed building.

The tower has three bells, the oldest of which is the tenor bell cast in 1624 by Richard I Purdue, who had foundries in places including Glastonbury and Stoford in Somerset. Mears & Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the second bell in 1866 and the treble bell in 1946. St Mary's has also a Sanctus bell of unknown date.

St Mary's parsonage was designed by William Wilkinson and built in 1869.

St Mary's parish is now part of the Cherwell Valley Benefice, along with the parishes of Ardley, Fritwell, Lower Heyford, Somerton and Souldern.

Methodist chapels
In 1829 a meeting-place for Protestant Dissenters was licensed in Upper Heyford. They may have been Wesleyan Methodists, whose chapel was rebuilt in 1867. By 1955 its congregation had dwindled to three members. It later closed and was converted into a shop. It is now a private house.

In 1849 a second meeting-place was licensed, probably for Reformed Methodists. It was used until the 1880s. In the 1850s and 1860s the Primitive Methodists also had a licensed meeting-place in Upper Heyford.

Cemetery
In 1919 or 1920 a new parish cemetery was opened immediately northeast of St Mary's churchyard, on the opposite side of Church Walk.

In the Second World War an area in the southwest corner of the new cemetery, nearest the church, was reserved for Imperial War Graves Commission burials. 40 airmen from RAF Upper Heyford are now buried here, including eight from the Royal Canadian Air Force and two from the Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Not all RAF Upper Heyford burials are here. Another 26 are in the churchyard of the neighbouring parish of All Saints, Middleton Stoney.

Economic and social history
By 1784 Upper Heyford had a pub called the Three Horse Shoes. It was still trading in the 20th century, but is now a private house. After 1887 and in 1951 the village had two pubs. Now only the Barley Mow (see below) is still trading.

In 1787 the Oxford Canal was extended south from Banbury down the Cherwell valley as far as Northbrook near Kirtlington. In so doing it passed through the Upper Heyford parish just west of the village. Allen's Lock on the canal is just north of the village.

By 1815 Upper Heyford had a small Dame school. It was still operating in 1833 but had ceased by 1854. In 1828 St Mary's parish opened a Sunday school supported by New College. A National School was built and opened in 1859 and enlarged in 1893. In 1925 it was reorganised as a junior school, with senior pupils going to the school at Steeple Aston. The school was still open in 1954 but has since closed. The building is now a private house.

The Oxford and Rugby Railway was authorised in 1845 and its Oxford – Banbury section opened in September 1850. It passes through the northwest corner of Upper Heyford parish, crossing both the River Cherwell and the Oxford Canal.

RAF Upper Heyford
About 1 mi east of the village is the former RAF Upper Heyford airfield. The RAF used the airfield from the 1920s as a bomber station, then in the 1950s assigned to the USAF. Since its closure in 1994 the airfield has been converted into a substantial industrial and commercial estate. The runway, once the second longest in Europe, is used to store new cars awaiting delivery to dealers. Numerous Cold War relics remain including disused bunkers, water towers, huts and fences. Many of the buildings are now let out as industrial units. An estate of several hundred former MoD houses immediately south of the airfield is being redeveloped as an estate of 700 new homes called Heyford Park.

Air crashes
From time to time there were air crashes associated with the air base. Two serious air crashes that happened in Upper Heyford parish were in 1954 and 1992.

In May 1954 a Boeing B-47 Stratojet of the 22nd Bombardment Group crashed in a field about 300 yard northwest of the Oxford – Banbury railway line and burst into flames. The aircraft was not carrying bombs, but rounds from its two .50-calibre M2 Browning machine guns exploded in the fire and continued to do so for several hours.

On 17 September 1992 a General Dynamics F-111E of the 55th Fighter Squadron suffered an hydraulic failure on a routine training flight. A controller on the ground at the air base told the two crew to eject. But pilot Jerry Lindh and navigator/weapons systems officer David "Mike" McGuire feared the aircraft could hit either Upper Heyford village or its neighbour North Aston, so they chose to remain with their aircraft to try to control its descent.

A customer of the Three Horse Shoes pub who saw the crash reported "The jet was making a horrible sputtering noise and looked to barely be in control. I can only describe it as a wobbly wing-flapping with the wing tips alternatively going +/- 25-30 degrees with the right wing dipping furthest."

The aircraft was on approach to the airfield's main runway but skimmed Somerton Road, struck the tops of a set of pole-mounted landing lights, ploughed through a hedge, crashed onto the runway and exploded. The landlord of the Barley Mow pub in Somerton Road said "The pub shook and I looked out and saw the aircraft skating across the road in two separate parts. It went through the fence and on to the base and burst into flames."

On the final approach Captain Lindh and Major McGuire did launch their escape pod, but it was entangled in the airfield perimeter fence and both men were killed. Residents paid tribute to the two men for sacrificing themselves to save the village. They paid for a monument to the two men to be made and erected in the air force section of Upper Heyford cemetery.

On 2 April 2022 a plane crashed into an empty newly-built block of flats. The pilot was taken to hospital and no-one else was injured.

Amenities
Upper Heyford has one pub, the Barley Mow. It is controlled by Fuller's Brewery.

The village has a village hall, allotments, sports field, football club and children's playground.

Public transport
Red Rose Travel bus route 25 serves Upper Heyford, linking the village with Bicester via Middleton Stoney in one direction, and with Lower Heyford in the other. There are bus stops in Camp Road: at the east end of the village near the junction of Somerton Road, and at Heyford Park near the entrance of the former airfield.

Buses run from Mondays to Saturdays, mostly at hourly intervals. There is no late evening service, and no service on Sundays or bank holidays.

Climate
Unusually for a location in the UK, Upper Heyford has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate using the new averages for 1991–2020. It is one of only two places in the UK with this climate. The other is Woodbridge, Suffolk.

title: Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire


text:
Stone of Tears

Stone Of Tears is the second book in Terry Goodkind's epic fantasy series The Sword of Truth.

Plot summary
After the death of Darken Rahl and planning his wedding to Kahlan, Richard is afflicted by a series of painful headaches. He also learns from Shota that he is the bastard son of Darken Rahl and the grandson of Zeddicus Zu'l Zorander.

Richard gets a visit from three Sisters of the Light, who inform him that his headaches are caused by the awakening of the gift within him and are fatal and unstoppable, unless he receives magical training. The Sisters tell him that he must go with them and wear a Rada'Han, a magical collar, in order to control his headaches and the gift. They also explain that they will offer him their help three times, and, if he refuses each time, they will not be able to help him ever again. Richard refuses twice, and each time a Sister commits suicide.

Seeking guidance on how to repair the veil, Richard and Kahlan request another "gathering"; this involves turning to the "ancestors' spirits" for help. But instead of being able to speak to the spirits, Richard and Kahlan are sent down to the underworld and are placed face-to-face with Darken Rahl. Rahl touches Richard with the Keeper's mark, making him unconscious and lets Kahlan know that Richard is only minutes away from death.

As Kahlan desperately tries to save Richard, a glowing spirit emerges, Denna, who tells Kahlan that she has to force Richard into wearing the collar; if he does not, the headaches will kill him and everything will be lost. Denna then takes Richard's mark, and is sent down to the underworld and the Keeper. As the third and final Sister returns, Kahlan tells Richard that he has to put on the collar. When he tries to explain his reluctance, Kahlan makes him believe that the only way to prove his love for her is to wear it. Richard reluctantly agrees to wear the collar and the sister reveals to them that the third reason for wearing the collar is to inflict pain on the wearer. He leaves, telling her merely to find Zedd. Devastated, Richard submits to the remaining Sister, and leaves with her to go to the Palace of Prophets.

Richard travels with Sister Verna to the Palace of the Prophets, which is located in the Old World. Along the way, they pass between the Barrier, and Richard is drawn to one of the black towers, and is compelled to collect some of the black sand he finds. Later, he is instructed to execute a captive woman as tribute to pass through tribal land, but refuses and chooses to free the woman instead, who promises to take them through the Baku Ban Mana lands. Despite a promise of safe passage, she forces Richard into a battle with thirty Baka Ban Mana blademasters as their oath dictates. Richard slaughters them by tapping in the Sword of Truth's collective knowledge of blade fighting. Killing them all, he is bound to marry the priestess, and Richard gives her his magic whistle of the Bird Man to attack the neighboring tribes' crops and force a peace between them.

Arriving at the Palace of the Prophets, Richard threatens to kill anyone who prevents him from leaving, stating he is a prisoner, not a guest or a student. However, Richard is treated lavishly, and given absurd amounts of gold, which are symbols of his status as a novice wizard, designed to make him not see value in personal wealth. Rather, he uses the money to bribe the entire staff of the Palace to his service, even hiring a brothel on retainer to service the guards. He discovers he is a war wizard: one who has the gift of both additive and subtractive magic. Later, he learns from Nathan Rahl, another wizard in the Palace of the Prophets and Richard's ancient ancestor, that he is the first to be born with such power in three thousand years. It is revealed that the Prelate brought Richard to the Palace to flush out the Sisters of the Dark, a secret society within the Sisters of the Light dedicated to the task of unleashing the Keeper into the world of the living.

Kahlan embarks on a long trek back to her home of Aydindril along with three mud people. Along the way, they come across a sacked city, Ebinissia, with the inhabitants' corpses filling the streets and the surrounding countryside. Kahlan and the three mud people race to catch up with a band of some five thousand troops that are trailing the enemy which sacked Ebinissia. She is shocked to realize that these soldiers are all teenagers and entirely undertrained and unprepared to attack the seasoned, well organized and vastly superior enemy forces. She assumes command of the army and organizes a series of guerilla attacks on what she now knows to be The Imperial Order. Victorious, Kahlan returns to Ayndindril, where she stumbles across Zedd and the sorceress Adie, both of whom had their memories deleted earlier. She returns his memory by telling him that Richard is with the Sisters of the Light. Enraged, Zedd tells Kahlan he will have her beheaded for what she has done, and that she has condemned Richard to a thousand years of his literal nightmares.

After months at the Palace, Richard escapes after killing several Sisters of the Dark. Knowing he must save the world first, he travels to D'hara. At the Peoples Palace, Richard destroys a spell from a Sister of the Dark by using the black sorcerer's sand to corrupt the spell. He then avoids making a last moment mistake by placing the Stone of Tears on Darken Rahl. Richard returns the Stone of Tears to the underworld and once again defeats the Keeper, he rushes to Aydindril to find Kahlan. Upon finding Kahlan has already been executed, Richard kills all the councillors who sentenced her to death. Finding Kahlan's grave, he realizes that Zedd has cast a death spell to make all believe that Kahlan is dead. Denna's spirit visited the both of them and they were reunited in a place between worlds.

Wizard's Second Rule
Stone of Tears reveals the Wizard's Second Rule:

"The greatest harm can result from the best intentions."

It is explained in the book as follows: "It sounds a paradox, but kindness and good intentions can be an insidious path to destruction. Sometimes doing what seems right is wrong, and can cause harm.  The only counter to it is knowledge, wisdom, forethought, and understanding the First Rule.  Even then, that is not always enough. [...] Violation can cause anything from discomfort, to disaster, to death."

title: Stone of Tears


text:
Talk:Dolmades

Moved possible copyright infringement here (besides, it's a recipe, isn't there a different place for those?) Timo Honkasalo 16:05, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Here is a simple recipe found on the internet:

 * 1/4 cup plus 1 cup olive oil
 * 2 medium yellow onions, finely chopped
 * 3 cloves garlic, minced
 * 1/2 cup pine nuts
 * 1 cup long-grain rice
 * 1 teaspoon salt
 * 1/2 cup golden raisins
 * 1 tablespoon minced mint
 * 2 lemons, juiced
 * 1 (8-ounce) jar grape leaves, or 36 medium-sized fresh leaves
 * Kicked Up Tzatziki, recipe follows

In a large saute pan over medium high heat, heat 1/4-cup olive oil. Add the onions and saute until translucent, about 6 minutes. Add the garlic and pine nuts and saute for 2 minutes. Transfer to a large mixing bowl and allow to cool slightly. Add the rice, salt, raisins, mint and juice of 1 lemon to the bowl with the onion mixture and mix well. Set aside. Bring a medium pot of water to a simmer. Remove the grape leaves from the jar and drop them in batches of 4 or 5 into the hot water. Quickly remove them from the water and spread flat on a towel-lined work surface. Cut the stem from each grape leaf, as needed. (NOTE: Fresh grape leaves also need to be blanched for 1/2 minutes.)

To assemble the dolmades, place 1 grape leaf on the work surface, dull side (or underside) of the leaf up. Place 1 to 2 teaspoons of rice filling near the stem end of the leaf. Fold the stem (bottom) end up over the filling, fold the sides toward the filling in the center, then roll up the leaf into a small cylindrical package, being careful not to fold too tightly, as the rice will expand during cooking.

Place the dolmades in a large Dutch oven or wide saute pan, seam side down. Combine the remaining cup of olive oil and juice of 1 lemon, and pour over the dolmades. Cover with a heavy plate or baking dish and add water to cover to the level of the plate. Bring to a boil, lower heat, and simmer for 1 hour, or until rice is tender.

Serve at room temperature, with Kicked Up Tzatziki as a dipping sauce.

Kicked Up Tzatziki Sauce:

 * 1 medium cucumber, peeled, sliced in half, seeded and finely chopped
 * 1 cup plain yogurt
 * 1 tablespoon olive oil
 * 1 teaspoon lemon juice or white wine vinegar
 * 1/2 teaspoon salt
 * 1 teaspoon dill or oregano
 * 1 clove garlic, minced
 * 1/2 teaspoon Essence, recipe follows

In a medium bowl combine all the ingredients and chill for at least 1 hour to allow the flavors to marry. Yield: 1 1/2 cups

Essence (Emeril's Creole Seasoning):

 * 2 1/2 tablespoons paprika
 * 2 tablespoons salt
 * 2 tablespoons garlic powder
 * 1 tablespoon black pepper
 * 1 tablespoon onion powder
 * 1 tablespoon cayenne pepper
 * 1 tablespoon dried leaf oregano
 * 1 tablespoon dried thyme

Combine all ingredients thoroughly and store in an airtight jar or container. Yield: about 2/3 cup

Recipe from New New Orleans Cooking, by Emeril Lagasse and Jessie Tirsch. Published by William and Morrow, 1993.

title: Talk:Dolmades


text:
Carla Bruni

Carla Bruni-Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; ; 23 December 1967) is an Italian and French singer, songwriter and former fashion model who served as the first lady of France from 2008—when she married then president Nicolas Sarkozy—to 2012.

She was born in Italy and moved to France at the age of seven. Bruni was a model from 1987 to 1997 before taking up a career in music. She wrote several songs for Julien Clerc that were featured on his 2000 album, Si j'étais elle. Bruni released her first album, Quelqu'un m'a dit, in 2003, which eventually spent 34 weeks in the top 10 of the French Albums Chart. Bruni won the Victoire Award for Female Artist of the Year at the 2004 Victoires de la Musique. The same year, Bruni released her second album, No Promises, then the following year, she released her third album, Comme si de rien n'était. In 2013, Bruni released her fourth album, Little French Songs. In 2017, Bruni released her fifth album, French Touch. She has sold 5 million albums during her career.

In 2009, she created the Carla Bruni-Sarkozy Foundation for philanthropic efforts.

Early life and family
Bruni was born in Turin, Italy. She is legally the daughter of Italian concert pianist Marisa Borini and industrialist and classical composer Alberto Bruni Tedeschi. In 2008, however, Bruni told Vanity Fair that her biological father is Maurizio Remmert, a classical guitarist who comes from a wealthy family. When Remmert met Marisa Borini at a concert in Turin, he was a 19-year-old classical guitarist, and their affair lasted six years. Her sister is actress and movie director Valeria Bruni Tedeschi. She had a brother, Virginio Bruni Tedeschi (1959 – 4 July 2006), who died from complications of HIV/AIDS. Her (legal) paternal grandparents and her maternal grandfather were Italian, while the last quarter of her ancestry is French. She is second cousin of Alessandra Martines.

Bruni is an heiress to the fortune created by the Italian tire manufacturing company CEAT, founded in the 1920s by her legal grandfather, Virginio Bruni Tedeschi. The company was sold in the 1970s to Pirelli (the brand continues in its former subsidiary in India, founded in 1958). The family moved to France in 1975, purportedly to escape the threat of kidnapping by the Red Brigades, a Communist terrorist group active in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. Bruni grew up in France from the age of seven and attended the finishing school Château Mont-Choisi in Lausanne, Switzerland. She went to Paris to study art and architecture, but left school at 19 to become a model. By her biological father, Bruni has a half-sister, Consuelo Remmert.

1987–1996: Early career and modelling
Bruni signed with City Models in 1987, aged 19. Paul Marciano, president and creative director of Guess? Inc., came across her picture among composite cards of aspiring models, and chose her to model with Estelle Lefébure in campaigns for Guess? jeans. Bruni subsequently worked for designers and fashion houses such as Christian Dior, Givenchy, Paco Rabanne, Sonia Rykiel, Christian Lacroix, Karl Lagerfeld, John Galliano, Yves Saint-Laurent, Shiatzy Chen, Chanel, and Versace. By the 1990s, Bruni was among the 20 highest-paid fashion models, earning US$7.5 million in her peak year. While modelling, Bruni dated Eric Clapton, then Mick Jagger. On 11 April 2008, a 1993 nude photograph of Bruni taken during her modelling career sold at auction for US$91,000 (€65,093) – more than 60 times the expected price. She was a modeling subject of a 1999 trompe-l'œil wool-knit dress body painting by Joanne Gair that is included in Gair's second book, Body Painting: Masterpieces by Joanne Gair.

1997–2005: Music career and debut album
In 1997, Bruni quit the world of fashion to devote herself to music. She sent her lyrics to Julien Clerc in 1999, based on which he composed six tracks on his 2000 album Si j'étais elle.

In 2003, her debut album Quelqu'un m'a dit, produced by Louis Bertignac and released in Europe, was a surprise hit, selling 2 million copies. Three songs from the album appear in Hans Canosa's 2005 American film Conversations with Other Women, the song Le Plus Beau du quartier was used in H&M's Christmas 2006 commercial, and the title track was featured in the 2003 movie Le Divorce and in the 2009 movie (500) Days of Summer. In January 2010, her song "L'amoureuse" was featured in an episode of NBC's Chuck, "Chuck vs. First Class".

In 2005, she wrote the lyrics for 10 out of 12 songs for Louis Bertignac's new album Longtemps, and performed two duets with him on the album, Les Frôleuses and Sans toi.

2006–2008: No Promises and Comme si de rien n'était
She continued recording after her marriage. She released her third album Comme si de rien n'était on 11 July 2008. The songs are self-penned except for one rendition of "You Belong to Me" and another song featuring Michel Houellebecq's poem La Possibilité d'une île set to music. Royalties from the album will be donated to unidentified charitable and humanitarian causes.

2009–present: Little French Songs and other projects
Bruni sang for Nelson Mandela's 91st birthday on 18 July 2009 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

In September 2009, she recorded a duet with Harry Connick, Jr. for the French edition of his album Your Songs. They sang The Beatles' song "And I Love Her". The album was released in France on 26 October 2009.

Following months of speculation, in a television interview broadcast on 23 November 2009, Bruni revealed that she had accepted a role in a forthcoming Woody Allen film. She admitted her reasoning for embarking on the Paris production; "I'm not an actress at all. Perhaps I'll be completely hopeless, but I can't miss an opportunity like this one. When I'm a grandmother I'd like to be able to say I made a film with Woody Allen."

In September 2010, she contributed a cover of David Bowie's "Absolute Beginners" for the War Child charity record We Were So Turned On: A Tribute to David Bowie (Manimal Vinyl). They also released the track as a split 7-inch vinyl split with UK legends, Duran Duran.

Italian singer/songwriter Simone Cristicchi's entry in the 2010 San Remo Italian Song Festival was the song "Meno Male", with the chorus lyrics of "Meno male che c'è Carla Bruni" ("Thank goodness for Carla Bruni"). The song appears to mock Bruni and her husband, but Cristicchi stated in an interview for Italian television weekly TV Sorrisi e Canzoni "I use sarcasm to explain our Italian way of always wanting to follow any type of gossip without being interested in real problems." Bruni was to be a guest singer at the 2010 San Remo festival, but withdrew from participating.

In September 2017, Bruni, along with models Claudia Schiffer, Naomi Campbell, Helena Christensen, and Cindy Crawford, closed the Versace spring/summer 2018 fashion show, which was an homage to the late Gianni Versace.

Bruni presented two three-part music series on BBC Radio 2: Postcards from Paris in 2014 and C'est La Vie in 2018.

Bruni is considered a fashion industry "legend", according to models.com.

Political activities
Following Bruni's marriage to President Nicolas Sarkozy on 2 February 2008, she moved into the Élysée Palace for the remainder of Sarkozy's five-year term. Bruni was given an office on the east wing of the palace, which was known as "Madame's wing" and was assigned a private secretary.

Although constitutionally, Bruni had no official role within the government, she assisted her husband with a number of official obligations. She also accompanied Sarkozy on state visits, most notably, to the United Kingdom, where her presence led to the visit being widely publicized. Bruni also accompanied Sarkozy on a state visit to meet the Dalai Lama in August 2008.

In 2008, Bruni caused controversy when she spoke against the extradition of Marina Petrella, an Italian far-left terrorist. Petrella had murdered a police commissioner and assisted in the kidnapping of Italian politician, Aldo Moro. Petrella had been living in France since 1993 and had not been extradited due to the Mitterrand doctrine. Sarkozy eventually chose not to extradite Petrella.

Bruni has represented The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria numerous times as an ambassador and has visited Burkina Faso and Benin while representing the organisation.

In 2010, Forbes magazine ranked Bruni as the 35th-most powerful woman in the world.

On July 9, 2024, Carla Bruni-Sarkozy is placed on bail, Carla Bruni-Sarkozy is accused of having put pressure on a witness who accused ex-president Nicolas Sarkozy of having received illegal campaign financing from from Libya.

Political views

During the 2007 French presidential election, Bruni stated that she would have voted for Ségolène Royal, who was running against her future husband, Nicolas Sarkozy. Bruni said her lack of French citizenship disallowed her from voting, but she would have voted left-wing due to it being a family tradition. In an October 2011 interview with the British newspaper The Sunday Herald, Bruni said, "My family have always voted to the left. It's tradition. I'll never vote right wing."

In an interview with Le Point, Bruni said, when asked about her political leanings, "I am left wing, but I'm not against my husband or his party. I am not an activist." In a May 2011 interview with Le Parisien, Bruni said she no longer felt left-wing and identified as an ultra-Sarkozyist.

In a 2012 Vogue magazine interview, Bruni stated, "My generation doesn't need feminism ... I'm not at all an active feminist. On the contrary, I'm bourgeois." On 16 November 2020, she told BBC Radio Five Live: "Of course I'm a feminist, like every woman is" and "My husband is very much a feminist man." She also said that she was "not at all a political person."

In 2012, she stated that she supports same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption.

Relationship with the Enthovens
In 2001, Bruni had her first child, son Aurélien, with philosophy professor Raphaël Enthoven. Bruni has been described as having been the mistress of Enthoven's father, journalist Jean-Paul Enthoven, when she began her relationship with the younger Enthoven, who was at the time married to novelist Justine Lévy; Bruni claims that she only went out with Jean-Paul Enthoven a few times and was never his lover, and that Raphaël Enthoven was already divorcing his wife when she encountered him months after last seeing Jean-Paul.

The song "Raphaël" from Bruni's album Quelqu'un m'a dit is about her relationship with Raphaël Enthoven, and Justine Lévy's 2004 book Rien de Grave (published in English in 2005 as Nothing Serious) is about the end of her marriage; a character named "Paula" represents Bruni. Bruni told Vanity Fair that Raphaël Enthoven ended their relationship in May 2007 because he felt they had become "like friends", and that they remained on good terms.

Spouse of the president of France
Bruni met the recently divorced French president Nicolas Sarkozy in November 2007, at a dinner party. After a brief romance, they married on 2 February 2008 at the Élysée Palace in Paris. The marriage is Bruni's first and Sarkozy's third. Bruni acquired French nationality by naturalization on 10 December 2008. She has since made contradictory statements as to whether she still holds Italian nationality, as well. On 28 April 2014 episode of the Ellen DeGeneres Show, she confirmed that she still holds Italian citizenship.

Following her marriage to Sarkozy, in February 2008, Bruni continued accompanying him on state visits, including to the United Kingdom in March 2008, which created a sensation in the international press and for the public in both Britain and France. As First Lady, she had an office and staff at her disposal in the East wing of the Élysée Palace.

Controversy arose on the eve of the state visit to the UK, with the publication by Christie's auction house of a nude photograph of Bruni taken during her career as a model. The photograph sold for $91,000. Also, great interest began in Bruni's wardrobe, which was Christian Dior, seen as a diplomatic choice, since Dior is a French design house, but the wardrobe was designed by John Galliano, a British designer working for Dior. Another controversy was the use of a popular photo of the French President and Bruni in the print advertising of Ryanair. The couple was awarded damages by a French court.

In December 2008, Bruni sued the makers of a bag featuring a nude shot taken during her youth. Clothes designer Pardon produced 10,000 of the shopping bags emblazoned with the nude photo taken in 1993, showing Bruni staring at the camera with her crossed hands covering her crotch.

In late August 2010, Iran's state-run daily paper Kayhan called Bruni a 'prostitute' after she had condemned the stoning sentence against Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani for adultery in an open letter, along with several French celebrities, including actress Isabelle Adjani. The paper later also called for Bruni to be put to death for supporting Sakineh Ashtiani, and for what the paper described as Bruni's moral corruption and having had extramarital affairs herself. Though Kayhan is a state-sponsored paper that, along with other state-run Iranian media, continued its tirade against Bruni, Iranian officials tried to distance themselves from that violent stance and openly condemned it, while a spokesman for the French Foreign Ministry criticized the comments as being 'unacceptable'. Then-President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad also condemned the remark made by the paper.

On 19 October 2011, Bruni gave birth to a daughter, Giulia, in the Clinique de la Muette, in Paris.

Philanthropy and charity work
Involved for years in humanitarian and charity work, Carla Bruni-Sarkozy became world ambassador for the protection of mothers and children against HIV in 2008. In April 2009, she launched the Fondation Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, to promote access to culture and knowledge for all.

In a letter of support to the association People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, she took a position against fur in fashion.

Carla Bruni-Sarkozy is involved in various charitable activities. She gave her royalties for her album Comme si de rien n'était to the Fondation de France, and supports different events or causes, such as the Born HIV Free campaign, animal rights,  the Nelson Mandela foundation, the French association AIDES for AIDS research, the French association La Chaîne de l'Espoir or the association Warchild UK. She also participated in a concert with Stevie Wonder and Aretha Franklin for the 91st birthday of Nelson Mandela, and recorded a song for the album We Were So Turned On: A Tribute to David Bowie. She is involved in the promotion of young artists, and did a duet with French singer Marc Lavoine for the Prix Constantin, an annual French music prize awarded to newer artists. Bruni met the Dalai Lama in August 2008 at Lerab Ling, a Buddhist temple on a hill in Languedoc, France. Bruni received Pope Benedict XVI during his visit to France in September 2008.

Bruni visited New York City in September 2008 with her husband, where she attended a meeting on poverty and female mortality with Queen Rania and Wendi Murdoch, met for lunch with First Lady Laura Bush at the Metropolitan Museum of Art for the Symposium on Advancing Global Literacy, and attended the General Assembly in the UN with her husband.

She attended state dinners with the Emir of Qatar and his wife and with Iraq's president in Paris in 2009. Sheikha Mozah (wife of Emir of Qatar) and she will be working together on the topic of education promotion. Bruni visited Doha on the invitation of Sheikha Mozah in November 2009. Bruni took up the cause of an Iranian woman, Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, fighting a death penalty by stoning.

In April 2009, Bruni was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III on the occasion of the couple's Spanish state visit. In January 2010, Bruni visited Benin, her second visit as an ambassador for the Global Fund.

She was critical of Pope Benedict XVI on the controversial topic of religion and AIDS. According to Le Canard Enchainé, Bruni was asked by Vatican officials not to join her husband in an official visit for fear that the Italian newspapers would reprint racy pictures dating from her modelling career.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * 2003: Quelqu'un m'a dit
 * 2007: No Promises
 * 2008: Comme si de rien n'était
 * 2013: Little French Songs
 * 2017: French Touch
 * 2020: Carla Bruni

Honours

 * France:
 * Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Chevalier ribbon.svg Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, 2003

Foreign honours

 * Benin:
 * BEN National Order of Dahomey - Grand Cross BAR.png Grand Cross of the National Order of Benin (2010)
 * Spain:
 * ESP Charles III Order GC.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (2009)

title: Carla Bruni


text:
Ameinias

Ameinias (sometimes spelled Amynias) (Ἀμεινίας) is an ancient Greek name which may refer to:

 * Ameinias (mythology), a companion and suitor of Narcissus
 * Ameinias of Athens or Ameinias of Pallene (5th century BC), a Greek trireme commander in the Battle of Salamis, and younger brother of the playwright Aeschylus
 * Ameinias (philosopher) (5th century BC), a Greek philosopher, son of a Pythagorean father named Diochaites and teacher of Parmenides of Elea
 * Amynias (also spelled Ameinias) (5th century BC), in 423 BC Eponymous archon in the city of Athens
 * Ameinias of Iasus in Caria (4th century BC), the father of Diodorus Cronus
 * Ameinias the Phocian (3rd century BC), a Greek "pirate king" and mercenary leader in the service of Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedon

title: Ameinias


text:
Essex Junto

The Essex Junto was a powerful group of New England Federalist Party lawyers, merchants, and politicians, so called because many in the original group were from Essex County, Massachusetts.

Origins and definition
The term was coined as an invective by John Hancock in 1778 to describe the main opponents of a proposed constitution on Massachusetts. The proposed constitution was rejected by the people; the state adopted the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. John Adams is also frequently credited with the use of the name.

Some politicians identified with the Essex Junto were Timothy Pickering, George Cabot, Fisher Ames, Francis Dana, Nathan Dane, Benjamin Goodhue, Stephen Higginson, Jonathan Jackson, John Lowell, Israel Thorndike, and Theophilus Parsons.

Early political activity
The group supported Alexander Hamilton and a group of Massachusetts radicals led by Timothy Pickering that agitated for the dissolution of the Union or for New England's secession. When Hamilton was recruited to the plot to secede New England from the Union, he rejected the offer. Consequently, the Essex Junto tried to gain the support of Aaron Burr, who accepted the offer.

War of 1812
During the War of 1812, the Junto was called "Blue Lights" because of the common belief and reports from the US Navy that they would shine blue lights to alert the British blockading ships of escaping American ships or to alert British ships to come ashore and carry out illegal trade. It supported the Hartford Convention's disaffection with the War of 1812, but the claim that it seriously proposed secession of New England is not considered historically accurate.

title: Essex Junto


text:
DPS

DPS may refer to:

United States

 * Dalton Public Schools, the public school district in Dalton, Georgia
 * Dearborn Public Schools, the public school district in Dearborn, Michigan
 * Decatur Public Schools District 61, the public school system in Decatur, Illinois
 * Denver Public Schools, the public school system in Denver, Colorado
 * Detroit Public Schools, the public school system in Detroit, Michigan
 * Durham Public Schools, the public school system in Durham, North Carolina

Other countries

 * Delhi Public School, private schools run by the Delhi Public School Society in India
 * Delhi Private School, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 * Delhi Private School, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
 * Divisional Public School, a school in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan
 * Dawood Public School, a private school in Karachi, Pakistan

Politics and government

 * Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, a political party in Montenegro
 * Department of Protection-Security (Département Protection et Sécurité), a branch of the National Front (FN) political party of France
 * Department of Public Safety, a type of state or local government umbrella agency in the United States
 * Public Safety Canada, legally incorporated as the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, a Canadian federal cabinet-level department
 * Diplomatic Protection Squad, VIP protection unit of the New Zealand Police
 * Directorate of Professional Standards, a division of the London Metropolitan Police
 * Dorozhno-Patrulnaya Sluzhba (Дорожно-Патрульная Служба, ДПС), Russia's Road Inspection Service, a division of the Russian police responsible for regulating road traffic
 * Dvizhenie za Prava i Svobodi (Движение за Права и Свободи, ДПС), known as the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, a political party in Bulgaria

Technology

 * Data Processing Systems Engineer, a flight engineer responsible for data processing systems in a space flight
 * Descent Propulsion System, a rocket engine used in Apollo's Lunar Module
 * Degrees per second, a unit for measuring angular velocity
 * Direct Print Standard, part of PictBridge standard
 * Display PostScript, an on-screen display system
 * Dynamic positioning system, a means to automatically maintain a ship's position and heading by using her own propellers and thrusters
 * DPS protocol, a quantum key distribution protocol
 * DPS (Data Processing System), the designation of several lines of computer in the List of Groupe Bull products

Biology

 * Dps (DNA-binding proteins from starved cells), a class of proteins
 * Distinct population segment, a population considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Other uses

 * Ngurah Rai International Airport (IATA code), near the city of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
 * DPS Compound, Baguio, Philippines
 * Damage per second, a way to calculate the damage dealt in online multiplayer games
 * Dead Poets Society, from the film of the same name
 * The Dead Pop Stars, a Japanese rock band
 * Dps (band), a Japanese rock band
 * Deltic Preservation Society, a railway preservation group based in the United Kingdom
 * Desha Putra Sammanaya, a military decoration in Sri Lanka
 * Division for Planetary Sciences within the American Astronomical Society
 * Doctor of Professional Studies, a professional doctorate
 * Dramatists Play Service, an American publisher of plays
 * Department for Protection and Security, a French security organization
 * Designated Premises Supervisor, in British law the person with day-to-day responsibility for a premises where alcohol is sold
 * Double Page Spread, also called Two-page spread, or simply "spread", referring to two adjacent, facing pages in a magazine or other publication with conjoined or connected content
 * 2,2'-Dipyridyldisulfide, an oxidizing agent and a reagent for forming 2-pyridinethiol esters in the Corey-Nicolaou macrolactonization
 * Deposit Protection Service, a company authorised by the UK government to run Tenancy deposit schemes
 * Dead Poet Society, an American rock band

title: DPS


text:
User:Mo0

Leave a '''new message.

Basic Info about Mo0

 * Name: Jay Converse
 * Age: 22
 * Location: Fairfax, Virginia, USA
 * Political Affiliation: Independent, but I lean Democrat most of the time.
 * School: George Mason University
 * Musical preference: Techno, OverClocked ReMix, and any other genre of song that has a good melody will appeal to me.
 * Employment: Selling video games for Toys R Us. None at the moment, actually. Full-time studenthood ROCKS.

Wikipedia-related info

 * Started Wiki-ing on October 20, 2004.
 * I was welcomed to Wikipedia by Lst27 on October 23, 2004.
 * On April 21, 2005, I made my 1000th edit to Wikipedia. In a fit of hubris, it was my userpage.  Yaaay me!
 * On November 26, 2005, I tried to snipe the 30 millionth edit. Unfortunately, to the best of my estimating ability, I believe the preceding sentence was the 29,999,998th edit to be made.  Darn! :(
 * On December 17, 2005, I became an Administrator! Hooray, and thanks to all who voted for me!

What I do on Wikipedia
The mop, the mop, the mop. On and off I come back and clean up speedy delete candidates and do recent changes patrol. I'll try to solve conflicts that I come across during those two tasks but I don't really think making a habit of that would be good for me or anyone else. I'd probably start throwing monkeys at people.

Stuff I'll Need Later

 * Edit summary legend
 * Deletion policy
 * Speedy deletion
 * User:Interiot/Tool2/code.js
 * User creation log
 * Special:Ipblocklist

title: User:Mo0


text:
Bennelong Point

Bennelong Point, a former island in Sydney Harbour, is a headland that, since the 1970s, is the location of the Sydney Opera House in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

History
Bennelong Point is known to the local Gadigal people of the Eora nation as Dubbagullee.

The point was originally a small tidal island, Bennelong Island, that largely consisted of rocks with a small beach on the western side. The island was located on the tip of the eastern arm of Sydney Cove and was apparently separated from the mainland at high tide. For a brief period in 1788, this relatively isolated protrusion into Port Jackson (Sydney's natural harbour) was called Cattle Point as it was used to confine the few cattle and horses that had been brought from Cape Town by Governor Arthur Phillip with the First Fleet.

The area at that time was also strewn with discarded oyster shells from many long years of gathering by the local aboriginal women. Those shells were regathered by the newly arrived convict women and burnt to make lime for cement mortar. The point was called Limeburners' Point for that reason, though those shells only furnished enough lime to make a single building, the two-storey government house.

In the early 1790s, the Aboriginal man Bennelong— employed as a cultural interlocutor by the British—persuaded New South Wales Governor Phillip to build a brick hut for him on the point, giving it its name.

In December 1798, a half-moon battery was constructed at the extreme northern end of the Point, mounted with guns from HMS Supply.

In the period from 1818 to 1821, the tidal area between Bennelong Island and the mainland was filled with rocks excavated from the Bennelong Point peninsula. The entire area was leveled to create a low platform and to provide suitable stone for the construction of Fort Macquarie. While the fort was being built, a large portion of the rocky escarpment at Bennelong Point was also cut away to allow a road to be built around the point from Sydney Cove to Farm Cove. This was known as Tarpeian Way.

The existence of the original tidal island and its rubble fill were largely forgotten until the late 1950s when both were rediscovered during the excavations related to the construction of the Sydney Opera House. Prior to the Opera House's construction, Bennelong Point had housed Fort Macquarie Tram Depot. There is no proof in original documents or maps to this 'tidal island' off Bennelong Point.

title: Bennelong Point


text:
Sol Kerzner

Solomon 'Sol' Kerzner, (23 August 1935 – 21 March 2020) was a South African accountant and business magnate. He has founded both of South Africa's largest hotel groups, the Southern Sun Hotel Group and Sun International. He was also the founder, chairman, and CEO of Kerzner International. During his career in the resort industry, he was involved in various political and business controversies.

Early life and education
Kerzner was born in Durban to Russian Jewish emigrants. His family owned and operated a chain of kosher hotels. Prior to hospitality, Kerzner played with the Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra and was also an avid boxer becoming the Varsity Welterweight Champion. Kerzner graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg with a BCom (Hons) in Accounting, and later qualified as a Chartered Accountant. He then took control of the family company.

Career
In 1962, he purchased the Astra Hotel in Durban. Following the success of that property, Kerzner built South Africa's first five-star graded hotel in Umhlanga, a town north of Durban – he opened this resort in December 1964 which he named the Beverly Hills Hotel.

Following the Beverly Hills, Kerzner built the 450-room Elangeni Hotel (now renamed Southern Sun Elangeni & Maharani), overlooking Durban's beachfront and, in 1969, in partnership with South African Breweries, he established the chain of Southern Sun Hotels, which by 1983 operated 30 luxury hotels with more than 7,000 rooms. In 1975, Kerzner opened his first hotel outside South Africa on the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius, which he named Le Saint Géran.

Sun City
In 1979, Kerzner developed Sun City, the most ambitious resort project in Africa. Over a period of ten years, he built four hotels, a man-made lake, two Gary Player-designed championship golf courses, and an entertainment centre with an indoor 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena at which he presented many superstars including Frank Sinatra, Liza Minnelli, Queen and Shirley Bassey. The arena was also the venue of many World Title fights promoted by Bob Arum. In 1985, Kerzner's Sun City, South Africa resort was the topic of an anti-Apartheid rock album titled Sun City by a group of rock musicians calling themselves Artists United Against Apartheid.

In 1994, following the first multiracial elections in South Africa, Kerzner was asked by incoming President Nelson Mandela to arrange the VIP function at the Presidential Inauguration, which was attended by approximately a thousand people, including many of the world's leaders and heads of state.

Mohegan Sun
In 1996, Kerzner opened the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. In 2000, a second phase of the project was opened including a 1,200-room hotel through a joint venture with the Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut called Trading Cove Associates. TCA relinquished its management of the resort in 2002, but Kerzner through his company received a 5% dividend on the gross revenue generated by Mohegan Sun until 2014. The property is one of the largest gambling and entertainment complexes in the United States.

Later career
As a result of the success of the Sun City Resort with its Gary Player Country Club golf course (ranked number 1 in South Africa), he became involved in an international hotel, leisure and gambling resorts: most notably for his role as the developer behind the Atlantis Resort in The Bahamas. In that capacity, in late 1994, Kerzner made his first major acquisition outside Africa with the purchase of the Paradise Island Resort in The Bahamas. This 1,150-room resort was in bankruptcy at the time. After acquiring the resort, Kerzner launched a re-development and expansion program. It transformed Paradise Island into a 2,300-room resort; that included one of the world's grandest artificial marine habitats and the Caribbean's biggest casino.

In 2002, Kerzner launched One&Only Resorts which currently operates numerous properties in The Bahamas, Mexico, Mauritius, the Maldives, South Africa, Dubai, Rwanda and Hayman Island. New projects by the company are also planned for China, Montenegro and Saudi Arabia.

In early 2007, Kerzner expanded Atlantis, Paradise Island with 2 new hotels; The Cove, and The Reef, which added 1,100 new rooms to the property. This expansion was overseen by Alan Leibman, which included 21 retail outlets and new restaurants by celebrity chefs Jean-Georges Vongerichten, Nobu Matsuhisa and Bobby Flay. Kerzner extended the Atlantis brand globally with the development of Atlantis, The Palm, Dubai, with a 1,500-room, water-themed resort opened in late-September 2008 on The Palm Jumeirah; a multibillion-dollar leisure and residential development in Dubai. In September 2009, the "Mazagan Beach Resort" a luxury hotel in El Jadida, Morocco, was inaugurated by Kerzner accompanied by show celebrities.

In October 2013, Kerzner announced that he was building a new Atlantis hotel at Sanya, Hainan Island in China with Fosun International. The 62-hectare resort has 1,300 rooms and a water park like the other Atlantis hotels. The project is reported to have cost $1.63 billion.

Corruption, collusion and apartheid involvement
In 1984, Kerzner made a deal with Leslie Young, the Minister of Finance for the bantustan of Bophutatswana, that any investments by his company, Sun International, that had the effect of advertising apartheid abroad, would be tax-deductible. Sun International paid next to no money for taxes in South Africa due to tax breaks.

In 1987, an agreement between Young and Kerzner stated that 90% of taxes from entertainers in Bophutatswana would go back to Sun International, with any entertainer making more than R26,000 having to pay half their income to Bophutatswana.

In 1990, Kerzner was found to have paid R5 million to the Transkeian Chief George Matanzima for gaming licenses, R2 million of which was said to be a bribe. The case surrounding this was dropped in 1997.

In 1997, Alan Greenblo was banned from publishing a biography on Kerzner, Kerzner - Unauthorized. While Kerzner wanted sections of the book to be removed, Witwatersrand Judge Monas Flemming banned it. Sections of the book were published in Noseweek the same year.

Kerzner was a contact listed in Jeffrey Epstein's "little black book", which gained attention following the conviction and death of Epstein, who was a convicted sex offender.

Personal life
Kerzner was married four times. His first wife was Maureen Adler and together they had three children: Butch Kerzner, Andrea Kerzner and Beverly Kerzner Mace. His second wife was Shirley Bestbier; they had two children: Brandon Kerzner and Chantal Kerzner Sweeney. She committed suicide soon after the birth of her second child.

His marriage to his third wife, Miss World 1974 Anneline Kriel, ended in divorce after five years. During a lengthy period in the 1990s, he dated the model Christina Estrada and got engaged, but never married her. He married his fourth wife, Heather Murphy in 2000 and they divorced in 2011.

Kerzner's son, Howard "Butch" Kerzner died on 11 October 2006 when the helicopter he was traveling in crashed near Sosua, in the Puerto Plata province of the Dominican Republic. He left behind his wife, Vanessa Kerzner, and two children Tai and Kailin. Sol Kerzner's daughter, Andrea, is the founder and CEO of Lalela, a charity dedicated to bringing the arts to at-risk youth in South Africa.

Kerzner was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to the industry during the International Hotel Investment Forum (IHIF) in March 2019.

Kerzner was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, which allowed him to have the postnominal letters 'K.C.M.G.' after his name - but not the prenominal title of 'Sir' before his name, as he was not a citizen of a Commonwealth realm or the U.K. at the time of his honor being conferred.

Death
Kerzner died of cancer on 21 March 2020 in Cape Town.

title: Sol Kerzner


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Doordarshi Party

The Doordarshi Party (Hindi: दूरदर्शी; also written as Door Darshi Party) was a political party in India. It was founded in Ahmedabad on 24 March 1980 by religious leader Baba Jai Gurudev on a platform of social reform and spiritual growth. The party did not receive significant support and withdrew from electoral politics in 1997.

Doordarshi Party Manifesto
The Doordarshi Party campaigned with pledges to address issues including:
 * Reform of the Constitution of India
 * Release of innocent people in prison
 * Employment for every educated youth
 * Abolition of octroi taxes
 * Exemption of farmers from repayment of loans for agricultural purposes
 * Limiting elected politicians to a single tenure of five years with enforced retirement at age 60
 * Sale of lossmaking nationalized industries
 * Clampdown on black money
 * Lowering of the retirement age to 60, with immediate payment of all pension fund entitlement
 * Banning labour union involvement in politics
 * Introduction of a dowry system acceptable to all
 * Intellectuals shall be given due respect that they deserve.
 * India should pay off loans
 * All nations should regard India as the supreme power.
 * The respect and dignity of employees & officials should be restored.

All party candidates were required to be teetotal vegetarians.

Election results
The Doordarshi contested three General Elections to the Lok Sabha but won no seats.

title: Doordarshi Party


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