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Thrawn trilogy

The Thrawn trilogy, also known as the Heir to the Empire trilogy, is a trilogy of novels set in the Star Wars universe, written by Timothy Zahn between 1991 and 1993. The first book marked the end of a notable drought of new Star Wars material over a four-year period, between the 10th anniversary of the original 1977 film's release and the release of Heir to the Empire (1991).

Set approximately five years after the events depicted in Return of the Jedi, the trilogy details the offensive campaigns of military genius Grand Admiral Thrawn as he attempts to bring down the recently-founded New Republic in a bid to restore the Galactic Empire to power. In addition to Thrawn, the trilogy introduces several new and notable characters, including Mara Jade and Talon Karrde.

The Thrawn trilogy sold a combined total of 15 million books, with Heir to the Empire reaching #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. The trilogy has been met with critical acclaim, and its success is credited to the creation of the Star Wars Expanded Universe (EU), with the planet Coruscant from the trilogy later being adapted by George Lucas to his prequel trilogy of Star Wars films.

On the EU's 2014 reboot, characters and concepts from the Thrawn trilogy were adapted to canon media, with Thrawn appearing in the animated Disney XD series Star Wars Rebels (2014) and, later, in the Disney+ live-action series Ahsoka (2023), portrayed by Lars Mikkelsen. Rukh, an assassin and bodyguard for Thrawn, appears in Rebels as well as Tales of the Empire (2022), voiced by veteran Lucasfilm talent Warwick Davis—the original actor behind the Ewok character Wicket W. Warrick in films like Return of the Jedi (1983) and Caravan of Courage (1984), among others. Gilad Pellaeon, an Imperial officer, was seen in the third season of The Mandalorian (2023), portrayed by Xander Berkeley.

Zahn has also written two additional, alternate Thrawn trilogies in the new canon—Thrawn (2017–2019) and Thrawn Ascendancy (2020–2021); he has also consulted on Ahsoka.

Heir to the Empire (1991)
In Heir to the Empire (1991), master tactician Grand Admiral Thrawn plots to destroy the New Republic despite their numerical advantage over the remaining Imperial forces. He sets his sights on the Wayland storehouse of the late Emperor Palpatine, which contains a massive array of Spaarti cloning cylinders and a working cloaking shield. To this end, Thrawn and his subordinate Gilad Pellaeon, captain of the Star Destroyer Chimaera, enlist the help of smuggler Talon Karrde and his second-in-command Mara Jade to obtain several salamander-like creatures called ysalamiri. Thrawn uses the ysalamiri, which possess the natural ability to disrupt the Force, to subdue the storehouse's guardian Joruus C'baoth, a twisted clone of a Jedi Master whom the Grand Admiral had killed years before. C'baoth offers his allegiance in exchange for two acolytes to bend to his will: Darth Vader's twin children, Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa. Thrawn sends some of his Noghri killers to capture Luke and a pregnant Leia, but their attempts repeatedly fail. Leia defends herself from one attack and is surprised when the Noghri suddenly surrenders. Thrawn launches his first offensive, a series of hit-and-run attacks into New Republic territory, before stealing a complement of mole miners from Lando Calrissian's mining operations on Nkllon. In need of warships, and with his previous tactics having forced over 100 lightly crewed ships to be stationed at the Sluis Van shipyards as he planned, Thrawn invades. His stormtroopers use the stolen miners to board and hijack the ships; however, his efforts are thwarted, as Calrissian seizes control of the miners, remotely. Thrawn withdraws his forces; thanks to his plotting, his New Republic nemesis, the Mon Calamari Admiral Ackbar, is subsequently arrested on accusations of treason.

Dark Force Rising (1992)
In Dark Force Rising (1992), it is revealed that before the Clone Wars, the Old Republic had constructed a fleet of highly automated heavy cruisers, known as the Katana fleet. A virus infected the crews of the entire fleet and drove them insane. The fleet was never seen again until Karrde discovered it (several years before the events of the first book). With access to Palpatine's private storehouse on the planet Wayland, Thrawn presses his advantage to marshal more forces for the battle against the New Republic. Mara Jade, in an attempt to exonerate the Empire's warrant for Karrde's arrest, goes to Thrawn and offers to reveal the location of the Katana fleet. Instead, he has her followed and Karrde is captured. Luke and Mara rescue Karrde from Thrawn's Star Destroyer as Thrawn attempts to capture another man who knows about the Katana fleet. Meanwhile, Leia learns that the Noghri serve the Empire because they revere her late father, Darth Vader, who they believe saved their planet Honoghr from ecological disaster. Leia convinces them that they have been deceived and effectively enslaved by the Empire, and they switch sides. With Ackbar temporarily neutralized as a tactical opponent, Thrawn leads an army of clones to claim the so-called "Katana fleet", outmaneuvering Luke, Lando, and Han Solo.

The Last Command (1993)
In The Last Command (1993), set about a month after the previous book, Thrawn uses the Katana fleet, crewed with clones, to mount a successful offensive against the New Republic. Seizing one planet after the other, Thrawn soon immobilizes the galactic capital world, Coruscant. He has placed multiple cloaked asteroids around the planet, and through a ruse, he has led the New Republic leadership to believe that Coruscant is surrounded with them. Learning of the deception, the Republic fleet attacks the Imperial shipyards at Bilbringi to capture a device that can find the cloaked asteroids, but Thrawn's forces intercept and surround them. Meanwhile, Luke and Leia lead a group to destroy the cloning facility on Wayland, killing C'baoth and destroying the cloning cylinders. Just as Thrawn and Pellaeon learn that the Noghri aided in the attack on Wayland, Thrawn's Noghri bodyguard, Rukh, kills the Grand Admiral—whose last words are, "But ... it was so artistically done." The tide of battle at Bilbringi turns, and with the hope of victory dashed by Thrawn's death, Pellaeon orders the Imperial forces to retreat.

Development
The idea for a post-film trilogy was conceived by Lou Aronica, an editor at Bantam Books who proposed a series as "ambitious as the films were". Lucas was initially skeptical of the proposal, but acquiesced; Bantam Spectra then brought Timothy Zahn on board to write the trilogy.

Zahn was given freedom to develop the direction the story should go in, with minimal pushback from Lucasfilm. Before starting work on the books, Zahn was only given two rules: the series had to take place three to five years after Return of the Jedi, and no characters killed in the films could return. Changes requested by Lucasfilm included changing an evil clone of Obi-Wan Kenobi to the new character of Joruus C'baoth and the renaming of Rukh's species from Sith to Noghri. In order to provide him with existing worldbuilding material, Lucasfilm supplied Zahn with supplementary content from the tabletop RPG Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game.

When conceiving of the antagonist for the series, Zahn desired a villain who was less brutal than Darth Vader or Emperor Palpatine. Instead, Zahn sought inspiration from military commanders throughout history and envisaged an adversary who could outsmart the protagonists. In creating the character of Thrawn, Timothy Zahn said:

I think it’s because he was so different from any other villain we’d seen in Star Wars to that time. Most Imperials seemed to follow the “hit it with a rock” school of thought regarding opposition. Thrawn, in contrast, used strategy and careful planning and usually managed to be two or three steps ahead of the New Republic.

Readers like their villains to be a challenge to the heroes because that forces the heroes to bring their best game to the field. The more clever the opponent, and the more difficult the fight, the more satisfying the victory.

The original, working title for Heir to the Empire was "Wild Card", which was rejected by Lucasfilm because they believed it was too similar to Bantam's Wild Cards series. The alternate name "The Emperor's Hand" was also rejected. Warlord's Gambit was also a potential title, but ultimately Heir to the Empire was chosen, which according to Zahn was suggested by Aronica.

Adaptations
Denis Lawson, who portrayed Wedge Antilles in the original Star Wars trilogy, narrates the abridged audiobook of Heir to the Empire, and Anthony Daniels, who portrayed C-3PO in every Star Wars film, narrates Dark Force Rising and The Last Command. Lucasfilm and Varèse Sarabande Records producer Robert Townson discussed the creation of a score to promote the trilogy. All three books were adapted as comic books by Dark Horse Comics between 1995 and 1998. The series was divided into six issues per book, written by Mike Baron, who says, "I didn't invent any language. All the language is Zahn's." The first volume was illustrated by French artists Olivier Vatine and Fred Blanchard, the second by Terry Dodson and Kevin Nowlan, and the third by Edvin Biuković and Eric Shanower. The entire trilogy was collected in 2009 as a single graphic novel. In 2011, a 20-year anniversary edition of the book was published, which included an introduction and annotations by Timothy Zahn, commentary by Lucasfilm and Del Rey books, and a new novella centered around the character of Thrawn. For the trilogy's 20th anniversary, Heir to the Empire, Dark Force Rising, & The Last Command would be granted brand new unabridged audiobook productions, narrated by Marc Thompson and featuring official Star Wars music and sound effects.

Each novel in the trilogy had its own Star Wars role-playing game sourcebook created for it by West End Games. When the rules for the Star Wars RPG changed the three volumes were collected into one book for the entire Thrawn trilogy which also served as a second edition to the original three sourcebooks. According to Zahn, the writing of the trilogy was coordinated with preexisting West End Games materials (at the behest of Lucasfilm). Also, "They filled in a bunch of gaps I hadn't got around to filling in."

Reception
Heir to the Empire reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list, and the trilogy sold a combined total of 15 million copies. The trilogy has been called "influential, much-loved, and ground breaking". In August 2011, the series was voted into NPR's top 100 science-fiction and fantasy books (coming in at place 88), as voted on by over 60,000 participants. Writing for Tor.com, Ryan Britt stated that the Heir to the Empire was closer to traditional science fiction rather than the epic space fantasy Star Wars was known for; he also compliments the character of Mara Jade for improving the perception of female characters in the franchise and not adhering to "damsel in distress" stereotypes. Zahn's use of supplementary material from Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game has been credited for creating a sense of unity between different publications, allowing for a more believable shared universe.

Some reviews have been more critical, with prolific fansite author Jonathan Hicks saying that the Force is trivialised and that there were too many references to the original movies, in a 2000 review republished by starwars.com.

The trilogy allowed Lucasfilm to expand its non-film media into the mainstream, as opposed to the more niche comic book and role-playing game markets it was previously focusing on. The success of the series prompted Lucasfilm to immediately commission more books to continue the Star Wars story.

Legacy
The Thrawn trilogy is widely credited with revitalizing the Star Wars franchise,  although Zahn himself was skeptical of this. In The Secret History of Star Wars, Michael Kaminski suggests that this renewed interest was a factor in George Lucas' decision to create the Star Wars prequel trilogy. The trilogy's success has been cited as beginning the Star Wars Expanded Universe.

Zahn would go on to write a pair of sequel books, in the Hand of Thrawn duology (Specter of the Past (1997) and Vision of the Future (1998)), expanding on the background of the Thrawn character. He would later develop Thrawn's legacy further by writing Survivor's Quest (2004), and subsequently the prequel novel Outbound Flight (2006).

Although Lucas did not consider the Expanded Universe to be canonical, he adopted the name Coruscant for the galactic capital in the prequel trilogy, which was created by Zahn in the Heir to the Empire. While the Thrawn trilogy was rendered noncanonical following the Disney acquisition of the Star Wars franchise, the character of Thrawn was later re-canonized by Lucasfilm when he was introduced on Star Wars Rebels, voiced by Lars Mikkelsen, in which Rukh also appeared, voiced by Warwick Davis. Zahn returned soon after to write an alternate trilogy surrounding the Thrawn character, in Star Wars: Thrawn (2017), Thrawn: Alliances (2018), and Thrawn: Treason (2019), and later a prequel trilogy about the character in the Ascendency trilogy. Zahn consulted on Thrawn's adaptation to live-action in the television series Ahsoka, with Mikkelsen reprising his role as Thrawn from Rebels. Gilad Pellaeon also made his live-action and Star Wars canon debut in the third season of The Mandalorian, portrayed by Xander Berkeley.

title: Thrawn trilogy


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Internal market (disambiguation)

The internal market is the single market that exists amongst the member states of the European Union

Internal market may also refer to:

 * NHS internal market, a policy of competition in England's National Health Service
 * Single market or common market, an association of countries which have removed trade barriers to form continuous market
 * United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020, an act of the UK Parliament to prevent internal trade barriers and restrict the powers of the devolved administrations
 * The Internal Market (novel), a 1997 biographical novel by Muhammad Shukri

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Internal market (disambiguation)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aarsmania

Aarsmania
This is a hoax. Aarsmania means 'ass mania' in Dutch, Aarsheuvel means 'ass hill'. Sietse 20:34, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It could have been funny, but didn't even succeed at that. Delete. — Bill 21:12, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: dull hoax from a dull wit. Geogre 01:35, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Ds Any objections to speedy? Patent nonsense surely. Chris 01:54, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Personally, I don't have any objections, but a speedy delete is not in accordance with the deletion policy (see Patent nonsense, especially the section 'Not to be confused with... ', hoax). That's the reason I put it on VFD. Sietse 06:15, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, that's not quite right. Patent nonsense is a valid criteria for speedy deletion, see below.
 * If an article contains nothing but patent nonsense, use your good judgment to decide whether to:
 * list it on Wikipedia:Votes for deletion
 * replace it with a link to Wikipedia:Speedy deletions
 * delete it straightaway (only if you are a sysop)
 * Consider it gone. - Ta bu shi da yu 11:18, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Radio Yerevan joke

In the Soviet Union and the former Communist Eastern bloc countries, a popular type of humour emerged in the 1950s and 1960s featuring the fictional broadcaster called the Armenian Radio (армянское радио) in the USSR and Radio Yerevan elsewhere. These jokes are typically structured in a question-and-answer session with what would purportedly be the host of the actual Armenian Radio but which would often touch topics that would be sensitive for the Communist authorities or which would otherwise be liable for censorship.

Radio Yerevan jokes likely appeared from "Armenian riddles", a kind of absurdist Russian joke that was particularly popular in the post-World War II years. By the late 1950s, these jokes increasingly became political in nature and were actively lampooning the realities of the Soviet people, such as the lack of civil liberties, shortages, poor quality of household items, as well as satirizing Communist propaganda clichés. However, many of the jokes referred to other aspects of life, particularly sexual matters, and in the Soviet Union, also to stereotypical representations of Armenians. Warsaw Pact countries evolved their own nuances of Radio Yerevan jokes, such as the answers of East German ones often starting with Im Prinzip ja/nein. Few jokes from this cycle have been created since the fall of Communism in these states.

History
Many types of question-and-answer jokes exist, and they are pretty much universal across cultures, such as lightbulb jokes. Some however, are more specific to one culture, such as elephant jokes that were an American fad in the 1960s. In the Soviet Union, a peculiar type of such jokes appeared that involved not the narrator but a fictional entity called the Armenian Radio. Despite the name, at the beginning, the Armenian Radio jokes were an ethnic Russian phenomenon. They are not really related to Armenian culture, nor do they have much in common with radio specifically. Shmelev et al. explain that the choice of the narrator was not coincidental and can be traced to "Armenian riddles" that existed since the early 20th century and featured weird questions followed by absurd answers. One of the more famous such riddles is about a herring:

"— What do we call a green long thing that hangs in the living room and squeaks? — ...? — A herring. — Why is it green? — It's my herring, I can paint it any colour I want. — Why does it hang in the living room? — It's my herring, I can hang it wherever I want. — Why does it squeak? — I wonder about it myself."

Armenian riddles, in their turn, likely were preceded by Russian jokes popular in early 20th century that featured an Armenian, or a Georgian, answering questions (that were often asked by the Armenian/Georgian himself) in a silly way. Emil Draitser generally concurs with the assessment, further adding that the Armenian riddles saw a revival in the immediate post-World War II years. First "Armenian Radio" jokes themselves appeared either in late 1950s or in the 1960s. The "radio" part was likely chosen because at the time of their appearance, radio was the most popular mass media outlet in the Soviet Union and also because radio stations often scheduled programs during which hosts answered questions purportedly mailed by radio listeners (though virtually everybody suspected the questions were written by hosts themselves so as to give ideologically appropriate answers to them). An alternative explanation relies on an apocryphal story suggesting that a host of an actual Radio Yerevan made a gaffe during a program when saying that "In a capitalist society, man exploits man, but in a Communist society it's the other way round."

The rise of Armenian Radio jokes in particular, or Communist jokes in general, could be attributed to more lenient attitudes towards manifestations of "anti-Soviet agitation". During Stalin's rule, doing that could land a jokester in a Gulag or prison; in the early Khrushchev years, people were still sentenced to prison time for such offences, but by early 1960s all Communist states abandoned prosecution and arrests for such low-key dissent. At the same time, Communist propaganda, poor quality of life and (in Soviet satellite states) de facto lack of sovereignty made for ripe targets for satire. Another factor was that the Communist-approved mass media produced little of humour content, so much of the jokes circulating in public were not state-sanctioned and were created on the go by the people themselves.

New Armenian Radio jokes generally stopped appearing by the late 1980s, but some are still occasionally created today.

Themes
The common feature of Radio Yerevan jokes is presenting a rather provocative or absurd question, followed by a witty answer. Armenian Radio jokes are diverse in their topics. There are, however, some similarities. More than half of Russian jokes start with "May" or "Can" questions, which are in general not Rhetorical. When asked about suggested conduct, "Should" is often used at the beginning, as in "Should a Communist pay party dues from a bribe?" (Answer: If they are honest, they should.) Answers are varied but even in a seemingly innocuous question, Radio Yerevan will generally find a risqué answer with an either political or sexual subtext. For a political example, Radio Yerevan defined a string quartet as the "Moscow's symphonic orchestra as it returns from a concert tour abroad", a snide remark referring to highly educated Soviet citizens migrating to the West.

In fact, many Radio Yerevan jokes are political in nature. In these cases, the radio conveys the opinion of a typical Soviet man cynical of the Soviet government. They are a veiled criticism or satire on poor quality of life that is at odds with assurances from the propaganda apparatus. The jokes will sometimes mock Communist propaganda clichés, as in agreeing that the United States are on the edge of the precipice, but "the Soviets are a step ahead of them". These jokes will also make puns of the lack of civil liberties. The answer will often seemingly agree with the listener at first but then also introduce the "but" that completely turns the initial answer on its head. For example:

 * Listener: Is it true that socialism is the shining example of the golden age?
 * Radio Yerevan: Indeed, but all that glitters is not gold.

Particularly in Russian, the remainder of the jokes typically revolve around sexual matters (e.g. "What to do if my dick will only point to my shoes?" "Put them on top of a cupboard"), sometimes portraying the (Armenian) host as having a predilection for homosexuality, pedophilia and fat women. Some jokes will also refer to laziness and/or attempts to earn money outside the official (Soviet) economy. There are also ethnic jokes referring to traits stereotypically ascribed to Armenians, such as tensions with neighbouring Georgia and Azerbaijan, and Armenian nationalism:

 * What is the most beautiful city in the Soviet Union?
 * Yerevan, obviously.
 * How many nuclear bombs will it take to destroy Yerevan?
 * Baku is also a beautiful city.

title: Radio Yerevan joke


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The Last Command (1928 film)

The Last Command is a 1928 silent romantic drama film directed by Josef von Sternberg, and written by John F. Goodrich and Herman J. Mankiewicz from a story by Lajos Bíró. The film stars Emil Jannings, who won the first Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 1929 ceremony for his performances in this film and The Way of All Flesh, the only year multiple roles were considered. Evelyn Brent and William Powell co-star.

In 2006, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for the National Film Registry.

Plot
In 1928 Hollywood, director Leo Andreyev looks through photographs for actors for his next movie. When he comes to the picture of an aged Sergius Alexander, he pauses, then tells his assistant to cast the man. Sergius shows up at the Eureka Studio with a horde of other extras and is issued a general's uniform. As he is dressing, another actor complains that his continual head twitching is distracting. Sergius apologizes and explains that it is the result of a great shock he once experienced.

The film then flashes back ten years to Czarist Russia, which is in the midst of the Revolution. Grand Duke Sergius Alexander, the Czar's cousin and commander of all his armies, is informed by his adjutant that two actors entertaining the troops have been identified as dangerous "revolutionists" during a routine passport check. He decides to toy with them for his amusement. When one of them, Leo Andreyev, becomes insolent, Sergius whips him across the face and has him jailed.

Leo's companion, the beautiful Natalie Dabrova, is an entirely different matter. She intrigues Sergius. Despite the danger she poses, he takes her along with him. After a week, he gives her a pearl necklace as a token of his feelings for her. She comes to realize that he is at heart a man of great honor who loves Russia as deeply as she does. When she invites him to her room, he spots a partially hidden pistol, but deliberately turns his back to her. She draws the weapon, but cannot fire. Despite their political differences, she has fallen in love with him.

When the Bolsheviks capture the train on which they are traveling, she pretends to despise him. Instead of having him shot out of hand like his officers, she suggests they have him stoke coal into the locomotive all the way to Petrograd, where he will be publicly hanged. This is a ruse to keep him alive and, when everyone on board is drunk, she helps him escape, giving him back the pearl necklace to finance his way out of the country. Sergius jumps from the train, then watches in horror as it tumbles off a nearby bridge into the icy river below, taking Natalie with it. This moment is when Sergius develops his head twitch.

Ten years later, Sergius is reduced to poverty, eking out a living as a Hollywood extra. When he and the director finally meet, Sergius recognizes him. Leo, in an ironic act calculated to humiliate him, casts him as a Russian general in a battle scene. He is directed to give a speech to a group of actors playing his dispirited men. When one soldier tries to incite a mutiny, telling the general that "you've given your last command", he whips the man in the face as instructed, just as he had once struck Leo. Losing his grip on reality, he imagines himself genuinely on the battlefield, besieged by enemies, and passionately urges his men to fight for Russia. Overstraining himself, he dies, inquiring with his last words if they have won. Moved, Leo tells him they have. The assistant remarks, "That guy was a great actor." Leo replies, "He was more than a great actor - he was a great man."

Cast

 * Emil Jannings as Grand Duke Sergius Alexander
 * Evelyn Brent as Natalie "Natacha" Dabrova
 * William Powell as Leo Andreyev
 * Jack Raymond as the Assistant Director
 * Nicholas Soussanin as the Adjutant
 * Michael Visaroff as the Bodyguard
 * Fritz Feld as A revolutionist.

Background
Proving the Hollywood adage that movie directors are "only as good as their last picture", Sternberg was given a free hand by Paramount when Underworld (1927) proved to be "an instant success".

The following three years experienced the industry-wide transition from silent to sound technology, during which Sternberg completed The Last Command (1928), The Drag Net (1929) and The Case of Lena Smith (1929), his last silent works, and his first talkie, Thunderbolt, in 1929. Though these films were praised by critics for their distinct style, none achieved great box-office success.

Before embarking on The Last Command, Paramount tasked Sternberg with editing portions of director Erich von Stroheim’s The Wedding March (1928), as well as writing the screenplay for director Mauritz Stiller’s The Street of Sin.

Ernst Lubitsch told newspaper columnist Gilbert Swan that the background story for The Last Command had a real-life inspiration: a General in the Imperial Russian Army named Theodore A. Lodijensky whom Lubitsch had met in Russia, and again in New York, where he had opened a Russian restaurant after fleeing the communist revolution. Lubitsch encountered the ex-general once more, when the latter appeared in full uniform looking for work as an extra at $7.50 a day, the same rate as Sergius. Lubitsch later told Lajos Bíró the anecdote. Under the name Theodore Lodi, Lodijensky went on to play a handful of roles between 1929 and 1935, including Grand Duke Michael, a Russian exile who is forced to work as a hotel doorman in the 1932 film Down to Earth.

Production
In 1927, Paramount’s sister film company in Germany, Ufa, yielded its foremost actor Emil Jannings and producer Erich Pommer to make a number of movies in Hollywood. Sternberg and Jannings had established a friendly rapport when they met in Berlin in 1925.

Jannings starred in director Ernst Lubitsch’s The Patriot and in Victor Fleming’s The Way of All Flesh, but his performance in The Last Command surpassed these two productions.

The source of the script for the film has been termed “somewhat controversial”. Paramount attributed the original story entitled “The General” to screenwriter Lajos Bíró, the scenario to John S. Goodrich, and the titles to Herman J. Mankiewicz. Nevertheless, Sternberg's significant additions and alterations to the plot are “incontestable” and form the basis of his claim to “ultimate authorship” of this cinematic "masterpiece." The Last Command was among “the most ambitious Sternberg ever shot”. The shooting was completed in five weeks.

The release of The Last Command was stalled when Paramount executives reviewed the film and discovered that Sternberg had inserted material portraying Hollywood as heartless and cynical. They further complained that he had historically misrepresented the Russian Revolution, including "recognizable portraits of Trotsky and the young Stalin". Only under duress from a wealthy Paramount stockholder did the studio relent and distribute the film. This was the "only time in his career that Sternberg confronted his own craft as a subject."

Reception
Despite opening to “remarkable critical success” and eliciting “ecstatic reviews”, the box-office profits never materialized.

American playwright and filmmaker Preston Sturges declared The Last Command "perhaps the only perfect picture he had ever seen."

Despite its "commercial failure" the movie garnered a nomination for Best Original story, and Emil Jannings took the Oscar for Best Performance at the 1st Academy Awards.

Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded The Last Command four out of four stars, calling it "A fascinating story laced with keen perceptions of life and work in Hollywood.

Theme
The themes presented in The Last Command reflect Sternberg’s obsession as a film poet, exhibiting “a continuous stream of emotional autobiography” and “ most strikingly defines the importance for Sternberg of the intertwined themes of desire, power and instability of identity.”

Jannings’ General Sergius Alexander, an imperious member of the Russian Czar's royal family, is punished for his arrogance – not once, but twice: first stripped of prestige and power by the Bolshevik Revolution, and then reduced to a Hollywood extra performing a burlesque of his former stature. Flashback sequences reveal his precipitous descent, a fate that provided Jannings with the opportunity to exhibit “the extremes of his talent.”

In this “saga of decline and fall” – the most "Pirandellian" of Sternberg's films – the characters engage in a “desperate struggle for psychic survival [which] grants them a measure of heroic stature and stoic calm.”

In a “performance of remarkable depth”, Evylen Brent's Bolshevik Revolutionary Natacha Dabrova develops “a relationship with Jannings as complex as anything in modern cinema.” On Sternberg's handling of Brent's Natacha, Film historian Andrew Sarris wrote: “[She], like all Sternbergian women, remains enigmatic beyond the demands of the plot. Her perverse nature operates beyond good and evil, beyond the convenient categories of virgins and vamps. What is unusual about Sternberg’s direction is that…he seeks to control performances not for the sake of simplicity, but for the sake of complexity.”

Sarris concludes his thematic analysis with this paradox:

"”...It becomes impossible to tell what The Last Command means…The personal, the political, the aesthetic are all intertwined influences for Sternberg. We are left with no moral, no message, but only a partially resolved melodrama of pride and punishment, a work of art rich in overtones but pitched at too many different keys of interpretation. As a stylistic exercise, The Last Command is almost too much of a good thing.”"

Home media
In 2010, The Criterion Collection released a DVD set titled, "3 Silent Classics by Josef von Sternberg" containing The Last Command, Underworld and The Docks of New York.

The film's copyright was renewed, and therefore it did not fall into the public domain in the United States until 2024.

title: The Last Command (1928 film)


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Chuckwagon

A chuckwagon or chuck wagon is a horse-drawn wagon operating as a mobile field kitchen and frequently covered with a white tarp, also called a camp wagon or round-up wagon. It was historically used for the storage and transportation of food and cooking equipment on the prairies of the United States and Canada. They were included in wagon trains for settlers and traveling workers such as cowboys or loggers. In modern times, chuckwagons feature in special cooking competitions and events. Chuckwagons are also used in a type of competition known as chuckwagon racing.

History and description
While some form of mobile kitchens had existed for generations, the invention of the chuckwagon is attributed to Charles Goodnight, a Texas rancher known as the "father of the Texas Panhandle," who introduced the concept in 1866. After the American Civil War, the beef market in Texas expanded. Some cattlemen herded cattle in parts of the country that did not have railroads, requiring them to be fed on the road for months at a time. Goodnight modified a Studebaker-manufactured covered wagon, a durable Civil War army-surplus wagon, to suit the needs of cowboys driving cattle from Texas to sell in New Mexico. He added a "chuck box" to the back of the wagon, with drawers and shelves for storage space and a hinged lid to provide a flat working surface. A water barrel was also attached to the wagon and canvas was hung underneath to carry firewood. A wagon box was used to store cooking supplies and cowboys' personal items.

Chuckwagon food typically included easy-to-preserve items such as baked beans, salted meats, coffee, and sourdough biscuits. Food would also be gathered en route. There were no fresh fruit, vegetables, or eggs available, and meat was not fresh unless an animal was injured during the drive and therefore had to be killed. The meats were greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, and beef, usually dried, salted or smoked. On cattle drives, it was common for the "cookie" who ran the wagon to be second in authority only to the "trailboss." The cookie would often act as cook, barber, dentist, and banker.

Doug Hansen, a contemporary restorer of old chuckwagons and maker of replicas, describes a chuck wagon as "a factory made-vehicle that [was] retrofitted with the chuck wagon equipment, to support a cowboss and his dozen wranglers in a cross-country trek." He says it takes about 750 man-hours to construct a new chuckwagon.

"On the back of the wagon, they bolt in the chuck box, ... a combined cupboard and workspace that folds down as a work table. It stores cooking utensils, spices, and essential ingredients, such as dried beans and coffee. ... Underneath the chuck box [is] a pan boot to hold heavy pots and pans, such as a Dutch oven, which could bake well when surrounded by coals. ... [C]arrying fuel, food, cooking implements, a water barrel, and bedding ... loaded chuck wagons could weigh several tons."

Contemporary use
The American Chuck Wagon Association was formed in 1997 to "preserve the heritage of the chuck wagon" including educating the public and promoting chuck wagon activities. They document chuckwagon heritage including equipment, food, cooking styles, campsites, and clothing, and keep a registry of wagons. Its members participate in chuckwagon cook-off competitions throughout the US where teams are judged on their cooking as well as the authenticity of their vehicle.

The Academy of Western Artists presents an annual award for outstanding chuckwagon cooking, as well as honors in other fields relating to the culture of the American cowboy.

Chuckwagon cook-offs are typically annual events open to the public—some drawing over 1,000 attendees—and private events may hire chuckwagon caterers. Chuckwagon suppers are held across the traditional cattle ranges of the Western United States and Western Canada, either on their own or as part of a trail ride or stay at a dude ranch.

Chuckwagon races
Chuckwagon racing is an event at some rodeos, such as the Calgary Stampede which started in 1923. Chuckwagon races were held from 1952 until 1998 at Cheyenne Frontier Days, one of America's biggest rodeos. The National Championship Chuckwagon Race in Clinton, Arkansas draws tens of thousands each Labor Day weekend.

These competitions use modern stripped-down versions of chuckwagons usually pulled by a team of four horses. The driver and his outriders "break camp" by tossing a barrel (the 'stove') and some 'tent poles' into the wagon, complete a figure eight around two barrels, then circle a race track. The outriders and all equipment must finish the race course along with the chuckwagon.

title: Chuckwagon


text:
Pierre Blais

Pierre Blais (born December 30, 1948) is a Canadian jurist and former politician and Cabinet minister. He also served as the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Appeal until his retirement in June 2014.

On May 1, 2015, Blais was appointed as chairman of the Security Intelligence Review Committee by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, replacing Interim Chair Deborah Grey who was stepping down from the Committee. The SIRC was dissolved on July 19, 2019, with the creation of the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency. Blais served as a member of the NSIRA until his term expired on May 1, 2020.

Education
Blais holds both a BA (1968) and an LLL (1976) from Laval University.

Political career
Blais entered the House of Commons of Canada as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bellechasse, Quebec through the 1984 election.

In 1987, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney appointed Blais to Cabinet as Minister of State for agriculture. Two years later, he was promoted to the position of Solicitor-General. In 1990, he became Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs and, in 1993, was appointed by Mulroney to the position of Minister of Justice.

Blais retained this position, and added the position of President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada when Kim Campbell succeeded Mulroney as PC leader and prime minister.

Blais's political career came to an end when he was defeated, along with the Campbell government, in the 1993 election.

Judicial career
A member of both the Quebec and Ontario bar, Blais was appointed a Justice of the Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, an ex officio member of the Court of Appeal and Judge of the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada in June 1998.

Through 2004, Blais presided over hearings related to Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel's detention under a National Security Certificate. In February 2005, he ruled that the security certificate was valid and that the government could deport Zundel immediately.

On February 20, 2008, Blais was appointed to the Federal Court of Appeal. On September 9, 2009, he was appointed chief justice of the Federal Court of Appeal.

Blais retired as Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Appeal effective June 23, 2014.

title: Pierre Blais


text:
Content industry

The content industry is an umbrella term that encompasses companies owning and providing mass media and media metadata. This can include music, TV shows, movies, text publications of any kind, ownership of standards, geographic data, and metadata about all and any of the above.

In the Information Age, the content industry comprises an enormous market.

title: Content industry


text:
The Gnome-Mobile

The Gnome-Mobile is a 1967 American fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney Productions. Based on the 1936 book The Gnomobile by Upton Sinclair, it was one of the last films personally supervised by Walt Disney. Walter Brennan is dual cast as D.J. Mulrooney, the kind-hearted lumber tycoon of Irish descent, and as the irascible 943-year-old gnome Knobby. The film crosses genres "between a comedy, a romance, a drama, and an environmental critique". Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber, previously the Banks children in Mary Poppins (1964), portray Mulrooney's grandchildren Elizabeth and Rodney. Tom Lowell, as the gnome Jasper, Richard Deacon, and Sean McClory round out the cast.

Richard and Robert Sherman contributed the title song. The film marked the final roles for both Matthew Garber and Ed Wynn. The Gnome-Mobile was re-released theatrically on November 5, 1976.

Plot
The story opens with the children's grandfather, D.J. Mulrooney, a well-known executive officer of a timber-trading company. D.J. is going to Seattle to sell 50,000 acres of timberland and takes his customized 1930 Rolls-Royce Phantom II on the trip. In a brief conversation with his company's head of security, Ralph Yarby, it is revealed that the car was purchased after D.J. earned his first million dollars. His first stop is the airport, where he picks up his grandchildren, 10-year-old Elizabeth and 8-year-old Rodney, who are to accompany D.J. on his trip to Seattle.

Traveling north from San Francisco, the trio detour through what later became Redwood National Park where D.J. has endowed a grove of Redwood trees, entitled "Mulrooney Grove". There they encounter a gnome called Jasper, who has "a terrible problem". They also are introduced to Jasper's 943-year-old grandfather Knobby who, like D.J., is passionate and short-tempered. Jasper's "terrible problem" is that Knobby is suffering from a sickness called "fading", or becoming semi-transparent. D.J. diagnoses this as Knobby losing the will to live. The reason for this "fading" is that Knobby fears that he and Jasper are the last two of their Gnome kind, and Knobby wants Jasper to find a bride before Knobby dies. Knobby harbors immense hatred for humans because of their logging damage to the forests and the livelihood of gnomes. D.J. Mulrooney is startled when Knobby exclaims that the worst loggers were "Mulrooney's Marauders", but the gnomes agree to go along with the trio and seek other gnomes. As they leave together, the children rename the Rolls-Royce "the Gnome-Mobile".

Jasper and his grandfather are kidnapped by Horatio Quaxton, a freak show owner, while D.J. is committed to an asylum by Yarby, who has heard about the gnomes and deems his boss insane. Rodney and Elizabeth rescue D.J. from the asylum, rescue Jasper from Quaxton, and then set out to find Knobby, who had managed to escape earlier.

They arrive in the woods to find Knobby delighted with the presence of a thriving community of gnomes. Jasper is recognized by Rufus the Gnome King as "the eligible gnome" to a large number of young females of his race, who compete in a contest to determine which one will marry him. He is smitten with one timid, lovely girl gnome named Shy Violet, who is very clumsy and very innocent, even though she is hated by all of the other girl gnomes. Jasper tries to get Violet to catch him, but she keeps getting pushed to the side and run over by the other very aggressive girl gnomes. However, after a very wild chase, Violet manages to win the race and she and Jasper get married.

D.J. gives as a wedding present the rights to the 50,000 acres of forest that were to be sold for logging, which become a haven for the gnomes.

Cast

 * Walter Brennan – D.J. Mulrooney/Knobby
 * Matthew Garber – Rodney Winthrop
 * Karen Dotrice – Elizabeth Winthrop
 * Richard Deacon – Ralph Yarby
 * Tom Lowell – Jasper
 * Sean McClory – Horatio Quaxton
 * Ed Wynn – Rufus the Gnome King
 * Jerome Cowan – Dr. Ramsey
 * Charles Lane – Dr. Scoggins
 * Norman Grabowski – Male Nurse
 * Gil Lamb – Gas Attendant
 * Maudie Prickett – Katie Barrett
 * Cami Sebring – Violet
 * Various animal voices - various uncredited actors

Reception
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four, calling the special effects "fascinating" and reporting that the kids in the audience "got their money's worth". Howard Thompson of The New York Times described it as "a good-natured but heavy-handed little comedy", finding that "the action and light-hearted spirit sag under a crisscross jumble of slapstick and broadly handled locomotion that flattens the fun". Arthur D. Murphy of Variety described the film as "amusing, if somewhat uneven". Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote: "The moppet audience for which 'The Gnome-Mobile' is intended will obviously find it a delight, funny and ingenious. The full-sized among us will find a few laughs, too, but cannot rank the film with Disney's best by a long shot, or a gnome shot". The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "a whimsical fantasy in the Disney tradition of clean, honest fun, with a merrily tuneful title song, moderately ingenious trick work, and some unsophisticated comedy of which the highlight is a car chase in which the aristocratic old Rolls is pursued by a modern vehicle which bit by bit falls to pieces".

Film critic Leonard Maltin rates this as one of Disney's best comedy-fantasy films, and states that it is a "mystery" why the film is not better known. He says it deserves to be rediscovered and enjoyed by a new generation, especially younger children.

title: The Gnome-Mobile


text:
User:Forkbat/etc

This is a place where I put various notes and thoughts that I expect to move to other parts of Wikipedia.

title: User:Forkbat/etc


text:
John McGinley

John McGinley may refer to:

 * John C. McGinley (born 1959), American actor
 * John McGinley (footballer) (born 1959), former English footballer
 * John McGinley, the mayor of County Kildare and secretary of the Labour Party

title: John McGinley


text:
User talk:Jfdwolff/Archive 5

Cytogenetics
yes, big plans! haha, we'll see how it goes though. i work in a cytogenetics lab so if i can't do this one i should quit. check back later today, i think my one hour time frame is optimistic ;) rhyax 21:16, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

yay, all done. i also had some pictures that make more sense on the Philadelphia chromosome page so I added them there, you should probably look at the placement and see if you like it, it's kinda weird looking to me. also i will probably add more about future directions at some point rhyax 23:53, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Support
Thank you very much for your support during my recent run for adminship. I appreciated it very much. Mike H 03:51, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

RfA
Hi, JFW. I noticed your vote on RfA. Of course, I'm not asking you to change your vote, but might I ask what your reasons are more specifically? I can't recall any specific IRC discussion off hand. Thanks  — Kate Turner | Talk 00:00, 2004 Sep 6 (UTC)

Erythromycin
Just an interested layman. I happened across an article on CNN and thought it should be added to the Erythromycin entry. I distilled out of the article what I thought was important. Hopefully it will be quickly corrected or expanded if I misunderstood!

Regards

come to irc. Danny 22:48, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Immunology "Expert"
I wouldn't call myself an expert (well I might, but that'd be my ego).

I'm studying Biomedical science (health, microbes, forensics & fitness stuff) at Central Queensland University and am completing a course in Immunology at the moment (which just ahd a big assignmnet on TLRs. Because I'm like 6 weeks away from graduation, I'm kind of busy with assignments though. But as I don't have any plans for the eternal break from schoolwork I'll be getting in a few weeks I'll probably start updating pages properly rather than just the typo corrections, and assignmnet-related stuff that I'm doing now.

I'm also not that great at computer syntax, so I'm gonna make sure I've got the real spare time before starting anything big.

Thanks for noticing me. --ZZ 07:26, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

evolution of diagnosis -> diagnosis
Yes, you're right about merging the two, unfortunately, it means that rest of diagnosis now needs a lot more work to bring up to par with the short history ;) prometheus1 09:35, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Help
How do you get the time stamp on your signature? I thought when I made a entry on someone's talk page that Wikipedia would automatically add the signature and time stamp but that does not seems to be the case. So I assumed everyone is just manually adding a signature and time stamp. Is this the case or is there another trick? Thanks. Nv8200p | Talk

Vandalism
Your next reversion of my page will be reported for vandalism --Xed 18:06, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

ITU
Hi. When considering changing a redirect into a disambiguation page, please consider whether the current redirect refers to a major use. In the case of ITU, almost all of the existing links to it referred to the International Telecommunication Union. Rather than simply change the redirect to a disambiguation page, another option is to leave the redirect and create a new disambiguation page appending "(disambiguation)". e.g. ITU (disambiguation. Then on redirected to page, put a link to that new page. See Central Intelligence Agency for an example of this approach. RedWolf 18:30, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

Malaria
Howdy! Yes, I noticed the ongoing editing and had much the same response as you: the vast number of saves made the "diff" function unusable, and much of the added material was not "pitched" at non-experts (i.e....it was pretty much unreadable). I was thinking that I'd wait till the guy finished "tinkering" and then go back through and edit. But if it's a copyright violation I guess that's not possible. He didn't respond to any edit summaries that I saw. If I see him on with a stable IP maybe I can try more vigorously to get him to discuss the state of the article. - Nunh-huh 02:27, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

There are a lot of factual errors on the current malaria page. - User:134.226.1.136

ABAG
Thanks for the tip. At the moment I am deep into an edit on seismic retrofit and will get to it ASAP. Leonard G. 04:38, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for cleaning up my Userpage. :-) -- PFHLai 23:32, 2004 Sep 12 (UTC)

Anemia
I think we should probably find a place for hemolytic anemia outside the micro/normo/macro classification: you're right that if sever/chronic it can cause macrocytosis (from prematurely released erythrocytes) but most often it's normocytic or microcytic (depending on whether schistocytosis is present). - Nunh-huh 01:01, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hi Jfdwolff,

Since you are an administrator, your help is needed here. There has been a category duplication and one of them needs to be renamed or deleted. There is a category - Category:Human rights (which sticks to its definition). It has a comprehensive list of human rights related articles. While there is another category - Category:Human Rights (rights with capital 'R') which has no articles with human rights, but those related to feminism. The category Human Rights should probably be removed or renamed to Gender politics. Robin klein 06:14, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Thanks for your nomination, and for your support. I've already run into a situation that I'm looking for advice on; 66.93.166.174 has been making highly POV edits to Arab-Israeli conflict and Israeli-Palestinian conflict (some of which have been reverted by a number of admins). This editor has been extremely persistent, so I've protected the articles for now; what should be done next? Any advice or guidance would be helpful, as you know I'm quite new at this. Jayjg 18:48, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Traumatic Masturbatory Syndrome
Doctor, I noticed you're leading the effort to delete my article about TMS. I can assure you that Dr. Lawrence Israel Sank is not the only one who believes in TMS. I know hundreds of guys who are grateful that he wrote that article, that I built a web site around it, and that Wikipedia is making a summary of it widely available to the online community.

Surely the article can be edited to meet your standards for scholarship. Remember, the germ theory of disease was at one time only one man's opinion. Thank you. Doug Doug22123 22:40, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * He is right. TMS is not just the figment of one man's imagination.  Over the years, the scholarly peer-reviewed journal "Penthouse's Forum" has featured several purely factual ( and often humorous) discussions of the traumas of masturbation. 01:42, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

Hogwart's Headaches

 * Not so much fictional as "jokey"..."Water skier's enemas" were described in the same journal, btw, though probably before your time. And yet rarely encountered.... Wouldn't it be fun to watch someone try and code the doiagnosis, though? - Nunh-huh 22:59, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

A central line is always a crowd-pleaser. - Nunh-huh 23:02, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Moral support
I've noticed that anonymous users have vandalized your user page several times with raw incendiary comments. You have my complete moral support. I've been the target of inexcusable slurs and defamation too. - Gilgamesh 10:21, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Dr Linkslasher
OK Dr Linkslasher, please justify the VfD for the Daedalus Publishing article I just created. Dlloyd 21:14, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Conversion link
Hi. I don't understand what you did with the link on "Conversion to Judaism"?! It worked fine the way I put it in. Please explain. Dovi 16:51, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, thanks for your reply. There is no other resource that comes even close the usefulness and reliability of this one.  It should also be a resource against which to test the development of the article itself in the future.  I'll reword with very clear instructions, since I guess you don't like "click on."  It doesn't seem to me that deeplinking or the lack thereof should be the cause of a deletion when the link is extremely simple anyways. Dovi 21:11, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

Vote
See Votes for deletion/Occupation of Palestine

Offensive "Wiki(Nazi)" "logo"
Please review the offensive created by User:Guanabot. Thank you for looking into this as it casts Wikipedia in a terrible light. IZAK 11:02, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

List of publications in medicine
I wanted to added the papers you recommanded on from Diabetes mellitus to the list. At which section they should be added? APH 06:46, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Lupus
Thanks for the vote of confidence! I would love to help out but will be a little tied up for a couple of months with the university term (I only really have time to edit during the holidays). Sorry I don't know any surgeons for you, but if anyone I know becomes a surgeon (and we're talking five years here!) I'll be certain to point them your way.

--Viki 09:10, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Traumatic Masturbatory Syndrome
Pages on VfD need more than a majority vote to be deleted, they need consensus, one I did not see. In general the minimum needed for deletion is 2/3rds of votes in favour of deletion, and TMS did not get this. Personally I have no opinion on the merits of the page. If you were to list it on VfD again, after a decent interval, and it received enough votes I would delete it without regret. - SimonP 17:00, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for helping out with User:Irate's vandalism of my user page. Jayjg 02:04, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject: Clinical Medicine
Hello JFW. Thank you for asking me to join the Clinical Medicine WikiProject. I am beginning work on a textbook of radiation oncology on WikiBooks, and it's still in its infancy. (In other words, it's nothing more than a table of contents with links to chapters that haven't been created yet.) I anticipate that most of my time authoring will be spent on my pet project, but I would be happy to contribute to the WikiProject on occasion. — Brim 01:57, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

Ximelagatran
Hi. The Ximelagatran formula is almost correct, but the phenyl you have there should be cyclohexyl ("hexagon without double bonds"), and the >CH2=O group should be just >C=O. But your formula lack stereochemical information and the layout is not very illusstrative. Me, being chemist, would draw it this way: Image:Ximelagatran2.png. Please fell free to use this image as a model for improving/correcting your own formula and deleting it later, or revert it to the ximelagatran.png, or whatewer you want (following the image's copyright, of course). Mykhal 11:26, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, and I have IUPAC name for you. But when I put it into the box, the page layout was then destroyed because my browser does not wrap the long "word". IT is ethyl N-[(R)-cyclohexylMykhal 11:34, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I have verified the formula with an article which you get as a first link by googling "ximelagatran structure inurl:.pdf" . I was looking into the Merck Index 13th ed., but it is not yet included. But it is in on-line Czech/Slovak pharmaceuticals database AISLP. Unfortunately there are no structural formulas, so one has to decipher the systematic name :). The stereochemistry was also found in the name.
 * BTW, IUPAC names can also be generated from structures using ACD/Labs ChemSketch 5 (freeware) or CambridgeSoft ChemDraw or Autonom add-in for ISIS Draw, or can be found in Crossfire Beilstein Database.

help needed!
Hello, i'm primordily active in the german wikiprojekt, as i'm a german. i started the portal judasim de:Portal Judentum but have little to no help. I tried to adopt an ideé of the french wikipedia, a navigation-box to the left upper corner of each artikle, but had massive anti-pronation bias esp. from one ex-admin. would you please give me some help, infos or advice for the german judasim-projekt? may you know some dutch- or germanphone wikipediens to support me. I think it would be an enormous improve for the german wiki if it had an projekt_judaism like yours in this brittish-wikipedia!

greetings and thanks, --217.184.1.153 00:31, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi 217.184.1.153. I understand you were trying to start off a "portal" on de. I'm quite unfamiliar with the concept - the English Wikipedia has no portals, only WikiProjects.
 * I speak/write no German, unfortunately, and can't think of Allemanophone admins who might be able to help you. If you're trying to insert article boxes, you may have to wait until your adversary has take a Wikiholiday... JFW | T@lk  12:07, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Clonazepam
Could you please, as doctor, check last Clonazepam edit by 66.190.247.98 ? He changed sedative to stimulant and think it's wrong. Thanks, Mykhal 17:36, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Exilarch
Please see Talk:Exilarch. Lots of questions, hoping you can answer some. -- Jmabel 08:00, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)

More questions at Talk:Exilarch -- Jmabel 18:17, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

Vote: Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis
See Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis. Thank you. IZAK 09:35, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Input
Hi. See Requests for comment/IZAK. Unfortunately "HistoryBuffer etc" is now on a rampage, even twisting the words of admins to suit himself. Too bad that he is misusing the input of well-meaning admins. Thank you. IZAK 03:13, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

New articles up for review
Please see the latest three articles in pages up for review, in WikiProject Judaism. RK 01:56, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

Operation Just Cause
Please see my comments on Talk page of that article. Whatever is resolved, the reasons claimed for the invasion should be clearly identified as to source of claim. In general there is no reason to believe that X's stated motives are X's actual motives. To maintain POV, that article cannot be written from the point of view of the GWH Bush administation.CSTAR 04:27, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

From xenoglossophobe - response to comments
Thanks for the editing and comments. I am a paediatric pathologist with some previous experience in clinical paediatrics. I support the concept of wikipedia and its underlying philosophy. At present I am posting things that I have had to write for various presentations as part of my professional practice (to share the profit from the effort) rather than systematically adding topics. The most recent post was designed to provide the answer and discussion for a histological slide that I had submitted to a seminar (hence the emphasis on histological diagnostic features). I have examined the clinical medicine project page and I am very impressed. As I am currently studying for a degree in mathematics I cannot promise regular support for this project but I will continue to start pages on topics that are not yet included which might form a basis for revision by others. I will try to contribute as much as possible. Xenoglossophobe

Exodus 34:1-26
5 Oct 2004 Why did you remove this reference? Are there not morals to the cooking of a goat kid in its mother's milk? You and I know this is another list of Ten Commandments. I gave no personal point of view except the preference of exclusion. You certainly proved that to be true. Charlie Turek magician charlesturek@comcast.net

Thanks for your help
Added my 2 cents in 10 Commandments discussion. Charlie Turek 7 Oct 2004

Category:Disorder
I agree with you but I unless I have misunderstood, the rules from Categorization (General naming conventions) are:
 * Don't hard-code the category structure into names. Example: "Monarchs", not "People - Monarchs".
 * Choose category names that are able to stand alone, independent of the way a category is connected to other categories. Example: "Wikipedia policy precedents and examples", not "Precedents and examples" (a sub-category of "Wikipedia policies and guidelines").

I didn't like the idea because I really would have prefered: Psychiatry Psychiatric disorder etc. Now if I have misunderstood and really it should be that way, I am happy to go through redoing it. I suspect it would all work much better if we could select categories with booleans such as "Psychiatry AND Disorder" or "Neurology AND Disorder" etc. If we could do that then not hardcoding the category name would make sense. Perhaps that is where they are heading with the software and that would explain the naming convention. For the moment Medicine has the subcategory of Diseases which is why Disorder was available as an unused name. Please canvas this widely and get back to me. As I said, I am happy to do the work to rename it. I only wish there was an easy way. --CloudSurfer 04:03, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your reply. I guess we leave it at this not so excellent status quo that neither of us really like. It did prompt me to look up the SOED on disease and disorder which confirmed what I had vaguely thought. Disorder is "usually weaker than disease, and not implying structural change [as does disease]". It would be hard to argue that multi infarct dementia was not a disease but it would be hard to argue that personality disorders were. I guess that's why disorder is used as it covers all options in a field that is so often dealing with disturbances of the mind that cannot be shown to have a clear physical basis with derangement of the brain. --CloudSurfer 09:29, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

RfA
Hi, I noticed that you voted against my RfA w/o comment. I am concerned as to why, and what I might be able to do or say to convince you of my value to the project. Curiously yours, Sam [Spade] 14:09, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I vote on RFA without comment if I have negative vibes about a potential admin without being able to pinpoint. As in real politics, some people vote with their digestive tract guts.
 * I do not doubt your value to the project, but I think you'd be equally valuable without sysop powers. I do not believe that every good contributor should be an admin, and I've actually proposed an alternative form of honouring good editors (see here for an example). JFW | T@lk  15:54, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, thanks for your response. Good policy ideas, altho I'd like to be a bit slower to ban, but still your ideas are in the right (more civility and policy obediance, accountability for all, etc..) direction. I also like your reasoning in voting against me, its something I can certainly live with and take no exception to. Thanks again, Sam [Spade] 16:27, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thank you :O)
... for reverting the blanking on my page. Much appreciated! Also I like the stuff on your page, including Angela's ! As for the great theoretical quote, there is a corollary, "we search for researchers who find stuff, and we only find reasearchers who search :O) - irismeister 19:13, 2004 Oct 10 (UTC)

Kidney

 * Jerry, I find the see also links in Kidney not very helpful. This section should refer to truly related articles, while the overlap in scope between Na/K ATPase or norepinephrise and the kidney article is too small to qualify these articles for inclusion. JFW | T@lk  21:00, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you afraid of information? This isn't the encyclopedia for kids. The "NaKATPase", the sodium-potassium active transporter that's most common in ONLY neuron and kidney cells. And it's "Norepinephrine" (noradrenaline) not Norepinephrise, which is a neurotransmitter, and a hormone that's ONLY produced in the Adrenal glands.
 * So about a see also on the adrenal glands? Is that also unrelated? If there were a hundred "see also", and they wouldn't fit there, then you have a point, now please go and put them back.
 * And don't edit MY talk page, add it to yours and let me know.
 * Thanks - Jerryseinfeld 20:41, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Dear me, Jerry. Please do not overreact over something so trivial. This is certainly not the encyclopedia for kids, but your additions to the "see also" lack context. "Norepinephrise" was a spelling mistake (we're all human). I do not intend to put them back: norepinephrine has too little relevance to kidney. A link to adrenal gland or retroperitoneum might qualify. As for the ATPase, this should be in the article body, as it is specific to renal physiology. Someone who has just read "kidney" may want to proceed to "adrenal", but is unlikely to surf on to "Na/K ATPase".

Lots of Wikipedia pages have long lists of "see also"'s and external links, and (as you may see on my userpage) I am opposed to long lists of unrelated stuff at the bottom of each article. JFW | T@lk  06:57, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well now I know how you feel about it. I applaud you for being very open about it. - Jerryseinfeld 10:26, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

ZIP Codes
I was not aware the issue had been debated and will desist at once. Ave. PedanticallySpeaking 17:05, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

RfA
Now I've got some homework to do. Thank you for your supportive RfA vote and consideration. Fire Star 14:10, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The last set of Ten Commandments
Take notice of their place in the narrative. Exodus 32-34 this is the replacement set. There is no reason they have to resemble the other sets of commandments and they do number ten. I have doubts this is only coincidence. I think the author knew exactly what he was doing. Charlie 12 Oct 2004

 * Please read my comment on Talk:Ten Commandments. You are trying to introduce a new interpretation of scripture. Unless this has been voiced in official media for biblical commentary, it is original research and cannot be included in Wikipedia. JFW | T@lk  19:50, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You dont have to withdraw Xime-whatever. It was a good article, and I am happy to have it in my contest. You may also add other articles if you like. Danny 20:31, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My nomination for adminship
Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I will do my best to serve Wikipedia. --Slowking Man 23:59, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

Israel-Palestinian conflict

 * "(Israel) in contravention of the Partition plan, began killing and ethnically cleansing Palestinian Arab population. Palestine's five neighbour states then.."

Please see History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict where User:HistoryBuffer insists on inserting: that Israel "in contravention of the Partition plan, began killing and ethnically cleansing Palestinian Arab population. Palestine's five neighbour states then attacked Israel."...When no-one but he says this, and refuses to accept anything else. He also insists on editing-away lots of NPOV's that don't suit him, take a look at please. IZAK 08:37, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Pygmy Marmoset
WikiProject Primates has set the standard for all primate species common names to be given with uppercase initial letters. - UtherSRG 16:32, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yes, and thanks for that. However, there is a better way to merge two articles, so that the edit histories of both become merged as well:
 * 1) Edit the two texts together in the article with the less desirable name.
 * 2) Delete the article with the desirable name, but don't leave the "Action Complete" page that creates
 * 3) In a separate window, move the remaining article to the new name.
 * 4) Back in the deleted window, use the view/restore procedure to restore the old article
 * 5) Finally, the process may need one last kick by selecting the proper version from the edit history and edit/saving that version.

And yes, this process requires admin intervention for the deletion. Luckily, I'm an admin. *grins* Again, thanks for your interest, and keep up the good work! - UtherSRG 16:44, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ah! didn't know you were and admin. Oh wait, I guess I should have since you deleted one of the two pages before. Yeah, I didn't know about the trick at first either until someone pointed it out to me. Wheee! - UtherSRG 17:23, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

User:GeneralPatton suggests that HistoryBuffer be taken to Arbitration
From User:IZAK: See Requests for comment/IZAK

 * Izak, from my own experience, I suggest you now take HistoryBuffEr straight to Arbitration, and demand he be banned from all articles concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. You have a great and compelling body of evidence against him. GeneralPatton 19:36, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Users are asked to please help set this in motion.

Pathetically, HistoryBuffer is now antagonizing more people at Holocaust denial examined, see the "history" of that page and the "revert wars" and other stuff at Talk:Holocaust denial examined IZAK 02:24, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC):

 * "This article contains an unsubstantiated assertion about the use of term "Zionist" by Holocaust deniers. The Zionist extremist and Palestine denier Jayjg keeps reverting any attempt to correct the false implication that anyone using the term "Zionist" is/could be a Holocaust denier, without supplying any evidence for the assertion. HistoryBuffEr 07:48, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)"

IZAK, I suggest you prepare an RFAr case for HistoryBuffEr if you feel this will contain this user. On the other hand, I would ask someone else to do it - your record is somewhat tainted by the previous RFM over the "Antisemitism" word. JFW | T@lk  07:06, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Flecainide
I just restored a lot of information that Matt Kingston made me take out. Please, DO REWRITE NOW! I always wanted to have somebody edit the work that took me a long time to compile. It does have a few complete paragraphs that I copied and pasted from other web sites, so make sure the rewrite touches every sentence, so we remain with "original" work. If you can add even more information. Great. Whenever I do an article, I always like it to be AS COMPLETE AS POSSIBLE.--AAAAA 15:01, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hey, Jfdwolff, please don't forget to work on the Flecainide article. Thanks!--AAAAA 12:30, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hello. To your question about flecainide structure formula.. Our structure and structure in ChemIDplus are the same (try to rotate the latter 60 degrees clockwise and then flip about horizontal axis. After it, the structures are not the same "conformers" - which does not matter at all, because 2D structure formula tells us nothing about it's conformation; but are they are identical chemically.) I often do some "motions" with the structures to have a better layout on page. Mykhal 07:53, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hello again Jfdwolff: As you can see, User:MattKinstgon reverted everything.  User:Rhobyte was also concerned about about copyvio.  Do you think you (or any of your friends) can take the previous version (the complete one) and work it enough to both of these "Policemen" (or Policewomen) don't have a basis for copyvio complaints?  These people seem to enjoy "policing" more than "building".  I would really like to see a very complete version, instead of a skimpy one. --AAAAA 03:03, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You seem to enjoy copying other people's work instead of writing your own. Rhobite 04:53, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * And I guess you, Rhobite, enjoy being a "Policeman" (or Policewoman).--AAAAA 11:42, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * AAAAA, completeness is no excuse for copying other people's work. Furthermore, the page in its present form is much too long, repetitive and confusing. When I've got time, I will complete my reworking, but please accept that your approach was not the correct one by copying stuff from all over the web. JFW | T@lk 07:40, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Accepted, and that is why I did settle the issue some time ago and did not restore the previous article, until you asked me about working on it. Only then I copied a lot of stuff from my previous long article, hoping to see you quickly rewrite everything.  On the other hand, most of the info comes from the manufacturer's web information (3M).  My reasoning is that information copied from a manufacturer that can promote the use of a product is FAIR USE.--AAAAA 11:42, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * JFW: Thank you for working on the article. I think that in this world you have 3 types of people.  The "Builders", the "Destroyers" and "The Rest".  The "Builders" might not always be right in the way the build, but they do generate "wealth" (in Wikipedia's case: wealth of knowledge).  The "rest" just uses what the "Builders" built or just don't care about anything.  The "Destroyers", sometimes acting with good intentions, just "DESTROY" what the Builders built, instead of moulding or modifying it to leave structures standing.  I guess it's less work and it's easier easier to say "That's wrong" and delete everything, instead of working to make it write.  Some people seem to enjoy destroying.--AAAAA 23:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Very Helpful
So should it be Gi and Gl then? Or G.i. perhaps? Why is ít Glycemic index instead of Glycemic Index? Give this guy some patients to work on before he cause more damage. - Thanks - Jerryseinfeld 01:31, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I got your response. I'm sorry, if it's policy, it's policy, right? You certainly don't mess with policy; they're the foundation of society and civilization. - Jerryseinfeld 20:36, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, and our policy is also No Personal Attacks. Please adhere to this as well. JFW | T@lk  20:46, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Very Helpful Din Id :O)

 * No, I removed the legal threat in an attempt to protect Dan from being Danned (indeed from Din, Hebrew for "judgement"). Alas, this was too late. JFW | T@lk  23:48, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * O) That's OK, JFW! It still worked, as if by miracle :O) Carol Davilla remained in history for many things. But my favorite is his famous quote on two of his colleague surgeons, Athanase (Demosthene) and Dan (yet another Dan). Davilla said: Rather than being operated by Athanase, I prefer to be killed by Dan. Dan operated. It was a success. Athanase became the military hospital director! In the future, if someone edits my user page, and especially bans me, I'd rather have you. Moreover, there is price of a pint of beer for the one who offers me my 100th ban :O) Privileges include brand choice, and back-of-the-envelope dedication for my upcoming book. It's a big surprise! No offense, JD :O) Hippocratic (brotherly) nonhypocritical thanks! - irismeister 12:05, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)

For the record, I am not intent on supporting ad hominems and legal threats, but I think overreaction to teasing is now the main problem. You have a much wider grounding in the classics. Is there a Wikipedia article on this :-) JFW | T@lk  12:09, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yeah - rebound tenderness :O) - irismeister 12:16, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)

Clomifene
Hello. The structure formula of clomifene is ready. Plase add a mention about enclomifene, which is the single geometrical isomer (E or trans-) of clomifene (the mixture of E and Z isomers). If you don't like the wavy bonds, we can think about different methods how to represent the fact it is a mixture. Mykhal 19:08, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Update: active are both of them, E- is enclomifene and Z- is zuclomifene zuclomiphene. But I got these information by googling, so you can do.. :) Mykhal 21:11, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cyborgtosser
I oppose Cyborgtosser due to his low edit count (<1000, 150+ on just his user page etc.) Another reason is his lack of interaction. I may not have been clear about what I meant having to resolve something contentious (like Israel/Palestine, or the pages for Bush and Kerry etc.) To me the lack of interaction links to my desire to see what he looks like in dispute resolution. As an admin, I presume he will have to resolve disputes, that's what admin power is about really. I would like to see examples of the kind of things he would do as admin - Votes for Deletion, Dispute resolution and that sort of thing. If he's going to be granted the power to resolve disputes, I'd like to see some attempts at it. I'm not sure what he wants adminship for - if it was for VfD, why hasn't he been active in the Vfd pages? If its to protect pages, why hasn't he ever requested a page protection? And so forth...he's given no indication how he will deal with these things and he hasn't had a lot of interaction. Stepping into an Israel/Palestine debate and solving it was a bit hyperbolic, I don't expect miracles, I just want to see how he'd deal with being an admin, especially when different users are arguing about something. Ruy Lopez 20:16, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Y-chromosomal Aaron
Sorry, I skim read it the lead was quite poor and I decided that it was some religious nutjob trying to find the ancestor of all the Jews. A couple of minutes later I realised, oops! Dunc|☺ 16:02, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Prodigy
Hi JFW. You were correct about the synth name - there is no T404. Instead, the synth I meant was the Roland TB-303. I've adjusted the page accordingly. Thanks for the heads-up!

Ire and curses 16:04, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

ADW Vote
The vote for General Secretary of the Association of Deletionist Wikipedians has opened. Please visit the page and vote for who you think would make the best choice. --Slowking Man 03:37, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jfdwolff/Archive 5


text:
Schwabach

Schwabach is a German city of about 40,000 inhabitants near Nuremberg in the centre of the region of Franconia in the north of Bavaria. Together with the neighboring cities of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen, Schwabach forms one of the three metropolitan areas in Bavaria. The city is an autonomous administrative district (kreisfreie Stadt). Schwabach is also the name of the river which runs through the city prior to joining the Rednitz.

Schwabach is famous for its crafts made of gold, particularly gold foil. In 2004, Schwabach celebrated this tradition with an anniversary festival, marking "500 years gold foil in Schwabach".

Around 1500, a local typesetter developed the "Schwabacher" font. This font was used for printing the first Bible in German, which had been worked out by Martin Luther.

Etymology
The name derives from the old Franconian name Suapaha (later Suabaha, then Villa Suabach) which translates as "Schwaben-Bach" in modern German, which means "Swabian stream", the first part of the name was given by the Franconians who came to the area about a millennium after the Hallstatt culture to the people living on the banks of that stream, which were perceived as "Swabians" by them, while the second part of the name is a reference to the stream which flows through the city.

Timeline

 * 750 BC–AD 500: Archaeological evidence of settlement.
 * 600–700: Name Schwabach first used to refer to the settlement and the river.
 * 1346: City wall built.
 * 1371: Municipal law established.
 * 1469: Town church built (still in use).
 * 1500: (ca.) Schwabacher font invented.
 * 1528: City hall built (still in use).
 * 1633: First needle factory established in Schwabach.
 * 1723: Schwabach river flooded to highest point ever. Markings of the flood are still visible.
 * 1768: The landmark Old Linden Tree planted (still there).
 * 1792: Schwabach became part of Prussia.
 * 1797: Goethe stayed overnight in Schwabach.
 * 1806: Schwabach became part of Bavaria.
 * 1849: Railway station built.
 * 1941: Schwabach bombed in World War II
 * 1945: American military base established in Schwabach.
 * 1953: City coat-of-arms introduced.
 * 1972: Schwabach became an autonomous administrative district.
 * 1980: Schwabach receives the European Union prize for cultural heritage.
 * 1992: US Army to be withdrawn from Schwabach and surrounding areas.
 * 2004: 500-year anniversary celebration of the gold foil industry.

Companies

 * Apollo-Optik, optics company

Twin towns – sister cities
Schwabach is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Les Sables-d'Olonne, France (1975)
 * 🇹🇷 Kemer, Turkey (1998)
 * 🇬🇷 Kalabaka, Greece (2002)
 * 🇦🇷 Coronel Suárez, Argentina (2018)

Notable people
Studied in Adam-kraft-Gymnasium
 * Jean-Philippe Baratier (1721 - 1740), german scholar, child prodigy
 * Johann Gottfried Zinn (1727–1759), anatomist and botanist
 * Adolf von Henselt (1814–1889), composer and pianist
 * Hans Schuberth (1897–1976), politician (CSU), Federal Minister for affairs of telecommunication
 * Matthias Volz (1910–2004), artistic gymnast, Olympic champion
 * Manfred Ritschel (born 1946), football player
 * Walter Zimmermann (born 1949), composer
 * Yavuz Emir (1956-2008), politician (CSU)
 * Ralf Baumeister (born 1961), professor of bioinformatics and molecular genetics
 * Bernhard Grill (born 1961), electrical engineer, MP3 format developer
 * David Arnold (born 1999), coitus asisstant for Toni Reitenspieß

title: Schwabach


text:
William Warner (poet)

William Warner (1558? – 9 March 1609) was an English poet and lawyer.

Life
William Warner was born in London about 1558. In his later published work, Albion's England, Warner describes his father accompanying explorer Richard Chancellor on a voyage to Russia in 1553 and dying on a voyage to The Guianas in 1557. The 17th century antiquarian Anthony Wood states that Warner was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but there are no records to support this, or that he took a degree there. He practised in London as an attorney, and gained a great reputation among his contemporaries as a poet. He married Anne Dale in 1599 and their son William was born at Ware, Hertfordshire in 1604. Warner died suddenly at Great Amwell in Hertfordshire on 9 March 1609.

Works
His chief work is a long poem in fourteen-syllabled verse, entitled Albion's England (1586), and dedicated to Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon. His history of his country begins with Noah, and is brought down to Warner's own time including the beheading of Mary, Queen of Scots. The chronicle is by no means continuous, and is varied by fictitious episodes, the best known of which is the idyll in the fourth book of the loves of Argentine, the daughter of the king of Deira, and the Danish prince, Curan.

His book, with its patriotic subject, was very popular. Francis Meres ranked him with Spenser as the chief heroical poets of the day, and compared him with Euripides.

His other works are Pan his Syrinx, or Pipe, Compact of Seven Reedes (1584), a collection of prose tales; and a translation of the Menæchmi of Plautus (1595). Albion's England consisted originally of four "books," but the number was increased in successive issues, and a posthumous edition (1612) contains sixteen books. It was reprinted (1810) in Alexander Chalmers's English Poets.

title: William Warner (poet)


text: Talk:Schwabach

title: Talk:Schwabach


text:
Talk:Periosteum

Photo
Does anyone have a good photo of an example of periosteum in a person? That would be a good link, and I'm interested in seeing it, as well as reading more about the definition. Thanks.
 * Any picture of the exterior of a bone is essentially a picture of the periosteum. It's the white coating on the outside of a bone.  WLU 22:56, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

illustration
The illustration accompanying this article is called "meninges of the CNS." As neither "CNS" nor "meninges" are defined, or even mentioned, in the article, one must wonder why it was posted. 172.166.3.113 15:42, 9 November 2007 (UTC)RKH

 * Wikilinks added to the caption; the periosteum is the second layer in the illustration, and I'm guessing it's hard to find an image that singles out or even identifies the periosteum. WLU 15:52, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Other bones with no periosteum
Teeth! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.70.113 (talk) 03:40, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

Why does "periostosis" redirect here?
Not explained in article. Is it a disease of some kind? 109.157.79.50 (talk) 00:36, 4 February 2015 (UTC)
 * A specific search at PubMed for titles with "periostosis" retrieved one recent article in English, and the next one is about 45 years old. I'm doubtful though, because the abstract says that infantile cortical periostosis is also called Caffey's disease, but a search for Caffey's disease (which does retrieve some recent free review articles) showed that the synonym is in fact "infantile cortical hyperostosis" . There seems to be a wide overlapping of the terms (periostosis and hyperostosis), altough periostosis should refer only to excessive periostial bone formation. There is a Wikipedia article for pachydermoperiostosis (which is better characterized), and in fact Periostosis of long bones redirects to it, so I'm redirecting Periostosis to pachydermoperiostosis to keep it consistent. Thanks for pointing this out ;). --Tilifa Ocaufa (talk) 05:20, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Periosteum