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Food Lion

Food Lion is an American regional supermarket chain headquartered in Salisbury, North Carolina, that operates over 1100 supermarkets in 10 states of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States (Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia). The chain employs over 85,000 people. It was founded in 1957 as Food Town, a single grocery store in Salisbury. It later expanded to many locations across North Carolina. It was independently operated until it was acquired by the Belgium-based conglomerate Delhaize Group in 1974. In 1983, the company changed its name and branding to Food Lion to allow it to expand into regions where Food Town was already in use by unrelated stores. Following further mergers and acquisitions, Food Lion, LLC is currently owned by Ahold Delhaize. The mascot’s name has been Leo the Food Lion since January 17, 1997.

History
Food Lion was founded in 1957 in Salisbury, North Carolina, as Food Town by Wilson Smith, Ralph Ketner, and Brown Ketner. The Food Town chain was acquired by the Belgium-based Delhaize Group grocery company in 1974. Due to Ralph Ketner's savvy business sense and ever-growing grocery store endeavors, initial investors of Ketner's 'Food-Town' virtually all became millionaires. At one point, after a large addition to his quickly growing chain of stores, Rowan County North Carolina was shown 'per capita' to contain 'the highest number of millionaires' in the United States (all attributed to those initial and early investments). His implementation of weekly (sales) flyers advertising the noticeably low-prices (as compared to other stores), in combination with literally 'plastering' nearly every square inch of each storefront with neon colored hand-lettered signage proved extremely effective. In the store, every item in the weekly sales were 'again' broadcast by custom, hand-lettered cardstock signage. The low-prices were very 'real'. while the profit per item was minimal, the amount of products, meats, fresh fruits and vegetables more than made-up for the minimal profit-per-item on sales items. Ketner continually took advantage of supplier's small price fluctuations and continually made volume deals. Furthermore, the convenience of offering non-grocery & OTC items not usually found in grocery stores, allowed the corporation to make a healthy profit on those offerings. The Food Lion name was adopted in 1983; as 'Food Town' expanded into Virginia, the chain encountered several stores called Foodtown in the Richmond area. Expansion into Maryland would have been a bigger problem since about 100 independent, but affiliated, stores were called Food Town. Because Delhaize had a lion in its logo, Food Town asked to use it on product labels and new store signs. Ralph Ketner realized "lion" needed only two new letters and the movement of another in the chain's signs. On December 12, 1982, Ketner announced the name change to "Food Lion," and by the end of March 1983, all stores had been rebranded. The name change, while puzzling for American customers, made economic and historic sense, as Delhaize was once known as "Delhaize Le Lion."

Throughout the 1980s, Food Lion expanded throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. The company continued their expansion throughout the late 1980s, opening hundreds of stores in existing markets such as the Carolinas and the Virginias, and entering new markets such as Georgia and Maryland.

In the early 1990s, Food Lion stores appeared in new markets such as Delaware and southern Pennsylvania; Orlando, Florida; Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma; Shreveport, Louisiana; Dallas/Fort Worth; and Houston, Texas. (Of these eight markets Food Lion penetrated in the 1990s, the only ones that still have stores are Delaware and parts of southern Pennsylvania, such as Hanover). During this time, the chain was the fastest-growing supermarket company in the U.S., as they opened over 100 new stores each year. In November 1992, a critical PrimeTime Live report that showed unsanitary handling of meat and seafood hurt the chain as they attempted to enter new markets in the Northeast and Southwest. (See ABC PrimeTime Live section, below.)

According to some industry sources, the new stores in Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma were already operating below sales projections. The small, lackluster Food Lion stores were beginning to compete with national retail leaders, such as Albertsons, Kroger, Tom Thumb, and Jewel-Osco, all of which were already well-respected in the Southwest and which operated larger stores with more features, but the effects of the devastating ABC report could not be denied, and sales and revenue plummeted. In the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, widespread reports were given of stores sending half of their staff home early due to lack of business and of other stores with "virtually zero meat sales". In the fiscal quarter that included the Thanksgiving holiday of 1992, Delhaize America reported company-wide same-store sales declines of 9.5%. As a result, Food Lion was forced to greatly scale back its expansion plans in Texas and Oklahoma, as well as delay, then cancel its planned entry into new markets in Missouri, Kansas, and Illinois. In 1993, Food Lion agreed to pay $16.2 million to settle claims that they violated federal laws regulating unpaid overtime, minimum wage, and child labor, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. In the agreement, which at the time was the largest settlement ever from a private employer accused of violating the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the grocery chain agreed to ensure that all employees would be well-informed about their rights. Additionally, the Labor Department said Food Lion top management provided assurances that no retaliatory action would be taken against employees who filed complaints about unpaid overtime or other potential FLSA violations. On January 7, 1994, Delhaize announced the first major round of store closings in what would become a yearly event. The stores to be closed included 47 of its brand-new stores in Texas and Oklahoma, as well as stores in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia.

Throughout the mid-1990s, the company canceled leases for new stores and closed scores of its newly built outlets in recently established markets such as Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, and Oklahoma City. Citing double-digit same-store sales declines for the quarter ending in September 1997, Delhaize announced that it was canceling its Midwest expansion, exiting all markets in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana, and closing its 6-year-old distribution center in Roanoke, Texas. Struggling, Food Lion was forced to recede back to the East Coast, where it faced increasing competition from competitors with larger stores, better customer service, and more variety and amenities; these included regional winners such as Ingles, Harris Teeter, and Publix; newcomers such as specialty retailer Whole Foods Market; and expanding national chains such as Kroger, Target, and Wal-Mart.

Beginning in 2003, Food Lion became active in "market renewals" in which every year Food Lion picks certain cities in their operating area where they remodel stores and update the product offerings. That same year, Food Lion remodeled 68 stores in the Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina market, followed by 65 stores in the Charlotte area in 2004. In 2006, Food Lion advanced their market renewals program by using demographic and geographic data to figure out whether certain stores should be branded as Food Lion, Bloom, or Bottom Dollar. If the data supported that an already existing Food Lion was adequate for a certain community, the location would simply be remodeled. Should the data support otherwise, the Food Lion store would be remodeled and rebranded as either Bloom or Bottom Dollar. In early 2012, Food Lion closed 113 stores. These were in Georgia, North and South Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee as well as all the stores in Florida.

New concept, mergers and acquisitions
In late 2013, Food Lion introduced a new concept and decor at a store in Concord, North Carolina. The first official remodel began in late 2014 to 76 of their stores in the greater Wilmington and Greenville, North Carolina markets. In March 2015, plans were announced for remodeling of its 162 locations in the Raleigh, North Carolina, market. The Raleigh market remodels were expected to be completed in stores on a rolling basis between April and October 2015. In June 2015, it was announced that Food Lion's parent company, the Delhaize Group, and Ahold would merge into Ahold Delhaize. This merger was completed in July 2016. In March 2016, the company announced that they would make a $215 million investment in its greater Charlotte-area stores and western NC stores. This included remodeling 142 stores, additional price investments, and investments in associates and the community through its Food Lion Feeds initiatives. In July 2016, as part of the corporate merger between Delhaize and Ahold, Food Lion was required to divest 61 locations to a variety of competitors including Supervalu and Weis Markets in Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia to satisfy the Federal Trade Commission's review of the two parent companies' merger. Later that year, Food Lion began remodeling 93 of their stores in the Piedmont Triad region. Remodeling in the Piedmont Triad was completed in the summer of 2017. Richmond, Virginia stores began getting the concepts implemented in 2017. On March 14, 2018, Supervalu announced that Food Lion was purchasing three Farm Fresh locations in Elizabeth City, North Carolina and Hampton and Virginia Beach, Virginia as part of a larger deal to close down the Farm Fresh brand. On April 27, 2018, Food Lion announced plans to acquire four BI-LO locations in Florence, Myrtle Beach, Surfside Beach, and Columbia, South Carolina. Furthermore, on June 3, 2020, Food Lion announced the purchase of 62 Southeastern Grocers stores in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. These stores have been rebranded to Food Lion between February and May 2021.

Food Lion stores can currently be found in Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Food Lion's sister chains include Giant-Carlisle, Giant-Landover, Hannaford Brothers, Martin's Food Markets and Stop & Shop.

International stores
Food Lion spent seven years attempting to establish a presence in Bangkok, Thailand, starting in 1997. Operated locally by Bel-Thai Supermarket Co, in 2004 it withdrew from the country, selling all branches to Tops Supermarkets.

Environmental initiatives
For 20 consecutive years, Food Lion has been named Energy Star Partner of the Year and has received the Sustained Excellence Award for 18 consecutive years for its sustainability efforts. In partnership with parent company Ahold Delhaize USA, Food Lion aims to commit to heightened sustainability efforts, which include greater food transparency by 2025; reducing food waste by 50% by 2030 via composting, recycling and animal feed; and a 50% reduction in carbon emissions from its operations and 15% reduction for its supply chains by 2030. Since 2000, Food Lion and Feeding America have partnered to reduce food waste by donating more than 300 million meals to Food Lion's communities through their food rescue initiative. Retailers nationwide implement the food program within their local communities.

Promotions and Deals
Food Lion renews every Wednesday the deals and promotions, in the weekly ad.

Bloom

Bloom was Food Lion's upscale grocery model that opened on May 26, 2004.

As of December 2009, 65 Bloom stores were in North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, and Virginia.

On March 14, 2011, Delhaize announced that all Bloom supermarkets in North and South Carolina would close or be converted to the Food Lion banner.

On January 11, 2012, Delhaize announced that the Bloom brand would be discontinued and that all Bloom supermarkets would either convert to Food Lion or permanently close.

Bottom Dollar Food
Bottom Dollar Food was Food Lion's discount grocery model that focused on offering a limited selection of both national brands and private label products. These stores had no bakeries or delis and more items were packaged. Customers bought the bags used to sack their own groceries at Bottom Dollar Food. Stores also used alternative display and stocking techniques such as cut cases on shelves, and using pallets and dump bins to reduce costs. Food Lion opened the first Bottom Dollar Food model in High Point, North Carolina, on September 21, 2005.

As of December 2009, Bottom Dollar Food had 28 stores in North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. In January 2012, Delhaize announced that it would close six Bottom Dollar stores and convert 22 others to Food Lion supermarkets as part of a restructuring. In August 2014, it was reported that Delhaize was putting the entire portfolio of Bottom Dollar Food locations up for sale. Ultimately Bottom Dollar Food was shuttered and the stores sold to Aldi in early 2015.

Harveys Supermarket
Harveys stores are mainly located in rural markets within the Deep South. In May 2013, all Harveys stores were sold to BI-LO LLC.

Reid's
Reid's was a small chain of stores located in various rural South Carolina communities. The chain's history can trace back to 1972, when its namesake founder Reid Boylston opened his first store in Barnwell, South Carolina. Most of these stores were all formerly branded as Food Lion stores and continue to carry Food Lion branded goods and use the Food Lion infrastructure. In May 2013, Reid's was sold along with its sister supermarket chains Harveys and Sweetbay to BI-LO LLC for $265 million. BI-LO subsequently retired the Reid's name, rebranding the Reid's stores as BI-LO.

Store brand
Delhaize America stores use common private brands called Home 360, Nature's Promise, CHA-CHING, and Taste of Inspirations. Sister supermarkets Hannaford and Sweetbay were the last two stores to make the switch, doing so in 2010 and 2011. The move is designed to simplify the company's store-brand products line. Food Lion stores have the My Essentials brand, as well as the Hannaford brand. At the end of 2014, the My Essentials, as well as the Home 360 names, were retired and the more traditional Food Lion brand name was used as a replacement.

Slogans

 * "LFPINC (LFPISC or LFPIVA)": During the Food Town era, the slogan stood for "Lowest Food Prices In North Carolina". Also, it was used in South Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia stores.
 * "6800 Low Prices": late 1970s–1985
 * "Extra Low Prices": 1985–2004
 * "Good Neighbors, Great Prices": 2004–2011
 * "Get Your Lion's Share": 2011–2014
 * "Easy, fresh and affordable... You can count on Food Lion... Every day": 2014–2015
 * "Life's Better with the Lion": 2015–2016
 * "How Refreshing": 2016–2019
 * "This is Our Home. That's Our Food Lion": 2019–present

Union organizing
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 400 alleged that Food Lion had underpaid its workers and engaged in unfair labor practices for many years. Food Lion spokesman Michael Mozingo denied the allegations, stating that "We don't pay less. Our wages are comparable in every market we operate." In 1990, labor leaders in Virginia called for a boycott of Food Lion, accusing the chain of paying workers substandard wages and blocking attempts by store workers to unionize. In Belgium, labor organizers observed the American Labor Day as a statement of solidarity with Food Lion labor organizers.

Primetime Live controversy
In the 1990s, Food Lion gained a degree of notoriety when it was the subject of an ABC News investigation. ABC had received a tip about unsanitary practices at Food Lion. Two ABC reporters had posed as Food Lion employees, and witnessed the unsanitary practices at Food Lion. Much of what they had seen was videotaped with cameras hidden in wigs that they were wearing. The footage was then featured in a segment on the news magazine Primetime Live, in which Food Lion employees described unsanitary practices, which included bleaching discolored, expired pork with Clorox and repackaging expired meats with new expiration dates, and the use of nail polish remover to remove the expiration dates from dairy item packages.

The company responded by suing ABC for fraud, claiming that the ABC employees misrepresented themselves; for trespassing, because the ABC employees came on to Food Lion property without permission; and for breach of duty of loyalty, because the ABC employees videotaped nonpublic areas of the store and revealed internal company information. During the court battles between Food Lion and ABC, over 40 hours of unused footage were released that helped Food Lion's case. In the unused footage, two undercover producers are seen trying to encourage violations of company policy; however, employees resisted and correctly followed sanitary practices.

Food Lion was awarded US$5.5 million by a jury in 1997. The award was later reduced by a judge to $316,000. The verdict was then largely overturned by the U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit in Richmond, Virginia. According to the court: even though ABC was wrong to do what they had done, Food Lion was not suing for defamation, but rather for tort as a way to get around the strict First Amendment standards for defamation. Food Lion did this because the company was not contesting the truth of anything ABC reported in the broadcast. However, the appellate court upheld the finding that the producers involved breached their duty of loyalty as employees to Food Lion, and had trespassed, awarding a nominal $2 fine.

Religious discrimination
In 2014, Food Lion was sued for religious discrimination by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission after a meat cutter at a Winston-Salem Food Lion was fired for declining to work on Sundays or Thursdays evenings. The meat cutter was a Jehovah's Witness minister who was required to attend religious services and meetings on those days. The EEOC sought back pay and compensatory and punitive damages. Food Lion agreed to pay the worker $50,500.

title: Food Lion


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Francisco Morato

Francisco Morato is a suburban city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 177,633 (2020 est.) in an area of 49.00 km2. The suburban city is served by the CPTM Line 7.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Notable people

 * Gabriel Dias de Oliveira Football player

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Francisco Morato


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teliophilia

Teliophilia
Neologism, invented word, POV, propaganda piece for NAMBLA. --jpgordon 16:25, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Certainly not a useable article in its present form, and does seem to be a neologism. You think the most common philia in the world would get more than two Google hits. Lord Bob 16:36, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * This is embarassing since I'm the guy who nominated this as a wiktionary transfer without Googling it first. Speedy delete if possible and appropriate. - Lucky 6.9 16:57, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Frecklefoot | Talk 17:49, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, pro-child-rape POV.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:51, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete POV rubbish. Votes for deletion or retention really should have at least one reason for the vote appended to them (at least an agreement with similar votes which do have a reason appended) to count towards a consensus. With such a foul article as this, I hate to see any delete vote not counted. Fire Star 19:58, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Do not Delete. Every reason to delete shown here is wrong. You cannot prove them right. It is definitely not pro-child-rape, nor is it NAMBLA propoganda. Those are purely stupid ideas. True, it is not a common term, but it is an accurate one. And do not try to label me for not sharing your POVs. They are limited POVs that should not be taken reasonably on the world-wide web. I do not add my sources(there are too many), I request you prove yours. Anonymous (I dont have anywhere for you to contact me)
 * ...you choose not to prove the existance of the term because there are 'too many' references, while simulataneous calling upon us to prove that a term doesn't exist. I'm no linguist, but I don't think it's possible to prove that a term doesn't exist in language. You realize that you don't need to list every single occurance of a word to get it into Wikipedia...a few mainstream pieces would satisfy me. Lord Bob 22:25, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * ultimately... I can't prove the existence of this particular term... but I have heard it used a lot, and therefore mabye we just have the wrong term here. There is a scientific term for people attracted to adults, just as for any other attraction(even though attraction to adults is one of the most common attractions). I do, however, object to the reasons here to delete this word. If it should be deleted, it is because it's not commonly used, not because of this ridiculous propaganda theory, or the equally ridiculous association of the term to child rape. I asked the people who addedtheir reasons here to prove their ridiculous reasons to delete. Anonymous
 * We don't have to. Wikipedia, for better or ill, is run by consensus (and a guy named Jimbo). Unsigned, anonymous votes don't usually get counted in the decision process. Personally, I objected to the POV of the article, finding it both unencyclopaedic and pretty disgusting. I don't have to prove anything, I just have to vote and list my reasons, subjective as they may be. If enough of my fellow editors agree with me, the article in question will be deleted or merged or redirected. If not, it stays, as simple as that. The term itself exists and there is a redirect to the stubby article listed under the correct spelling of the word now, but I felt (if only for your personal edification) that your filibusters should not go unanswered. Fire Star 03:42, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Talk 17:51, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC) While there is not too many articles of reference on google, the fact that the word is used seems to indicate it does have a proper meaning, and therefore the attempt at "neologising" this word seems to be just an attempt to stifle freedom of speech. Granted, the information given on the page is slightly emotive, but surely it would be better to edit the page to include the description, rather than deleting it from the site entirely.
 * "Not too many articles of reference"? 2 cites on the net, perhaps from the same guy ("Ahoy Dave" on one discussion board, "Boston Dave" on another.) Perhaps it might be helpful for the anonymous advocate of inclusion of this word to provide some more information demonstrating that this indeed is a word in actual use. jpgordon 22:57, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment It is a misspelling of teleiophilia, which gets 95 Google hits. Not in AHD4. Not in Merriam-Webster online. Most respectable-looking citation among the Google hits seems to be http://www.apa.org/divisions/div44/vol18nu3.htm which is part of the American Psychological Association website, and is part of a newsletter for APA division 44, the Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual issues. It uses the term and cites "Blanchard, R., Barbaree, H. E., Bogaert, A. F., Dickey, R., Klassen, P., Kuban, M. E., & Zucker, K. J. (2000). Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 463–478." I'm not quite prepared to vote yet. The current article seems to me to be hopelessly POV and to have little real information in it. I read it as an attempt to equate adult-to-adult sexual attraction and adult-to-child sexual attraction by characterizing them both as "-philias." If you remove the POV and correct the spelling, you have a dicdef. So you can certainly see which way I'm leaning. Not a common word but probably not a neologism, might be deletable for other reasons. Conceivably could be fixed. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:35, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * In answer to a question from jpgordon, I found the right spelling by Googling on the exact phrase "attraction to adults" (which, astonishingly, gives less than a hundred hits). More Googling confirms that Greek root "teleios" means "perfect," by the way, which makes me wonder whether "teleiophilia" ought to mean "normal attraction" rather than "attraction to adults." [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:58, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Duh! We already have an article (a stub) on Teleiophilia! [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:08, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC) And my vote is...

 * Redirect to Teleiophilia. (And put that article on my watchlist to make sure it stays neutral). [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:12, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Probably delete because Teleiophilia (thanks for finding it) is a dicdef that probably should be moved to Wiktionary. I'd support a redirect, though, if anyone can make the case that the article at the correct spelling has the possibility of expansion. Rossami 03:55, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * (Shrug) No very strong feelings. I would make a weak case that the article at the correct spelling has a possibility of expansion... or that the definition should be merged into Kurt Freund and Teleiophilia should redirect to Kurt Freund. The weak case is: now that I've discovered the word, I'm curious to know more about it, particularly what Kurt Freund intended it to mean and what mainstream psychologists think about it, and that seems to me to be worth a paragraph or two. However, since I don't plan to take responsibility for writing that paragraph, it's irresponsible of me to argue for leaving the stub in place. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 20:11, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Kill, kill it now. Ambi 05:20, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE, interestingly, the article does not describe teleiophilia, it describes normal sexual interest of adults plus ephebophilia. 132.205.15.4 07:55, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Portable Application Description

PAD or Portable Application Description is a machine-readable document format and specification designed by the Association of Software Professionals and introduced in 1998. The PAD specification is utilized by more than 6,000 software publishers of downloadable applications covering the Windows, OS X, and Linux operating systems. PAD is a worldwide registered trademark of the Association of Software Professionals and managed by the ASP PAD Committee.

PAD allows software authors to provide standardized product descriptions and specifications to online sources in a standard way, using a simple XML schema that allows webmasters and program librarians to automate new program listings and update existing listings in their catalog. PAD saves time for both authors and webmasters, while allowing the specification to support the latest changes to operating systems and hardware.

PAD files most commonly have .XML or .PAD file name extension. PAD uses a simplified XML syntax that does not use name/value pairs in tags. All tags are attribute-free. The official PAD specification uses unique tags. To extract the fields in the official specification, it is not necessary to descend through the tag path. If multiple languages are represented in a single PAD file, then correct parsing does require descending through the tag path because leaf tags are duplicated for each language supported.

Each field in the specification has a regular expression associated with it. The regular expression acts as a constraint on the field: if it matches, the field value is legal and if it fails to match, the field and the PAD file as a whole do not conform to specification. Only files where all fields in the file pass validation are properly called PAD files.

The most current specification, version 4.00, was announced on December 1, 2012, replacing the prior version, 3.11 which was previously announced on June 12, 2010.

Update to V4.0
The current version of PAD v4.0 was developed with the input and feedback of supporting members of the Association of Software Professionals, as it has been since 1998.

As part of the major upgrade to v4.0, ASP withdrew all its free tools while also formally requesting that all PAD editing, submission and related third-party software, be removed or eliminated. In place of these prior third party and freeware tools, a new web-based platform was developed for PAD Specification by AppVisor.com. AppVisor allowed publishers to upgrade their v3.1 PAD files to v4.0. However, the generated PAD file could not be exported, but only submitted directly to some directories. Submitting the XML Pad to websites cost $150 and approving the application/submission cost $36 per year.

ASP stopped accepting new members in mid-2020 and formally ceased operations on December 31, 2021. As of April 2024 AppVisor.com ceased operations too.

Some software download and directory sites (BrotherSoft.com, Softonic.com, CNET Download.com, Softpedia.com) accept the PAD v4.0 format in addition to the older formats.

title: Portable Application Description


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Franco da Rocha

Franco da Rocha is a municipality in the state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 156,492 (2020 est.) in an area of 132.78 km2. The suburban city is served by CPTM Line 7 (Ruby).

The municipality contains the 2058 ha Juqueri State Park, created in 1993.

In February 2016, the municipality signed a Friendship Declaration with Stepanakert, the capital of the partially independent Republic of Artsakh.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1944.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Franco da Rocha


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Gabriel Monteiro

Gabriel Monteiro is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 2,776 (2020 est.) in an area of 139 km². The elevation is 436 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Gabriel Monteiro


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Gália

Gália is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 6,482 (2020 est.) in an area of 356 km2. The elevation is 561 m.

The municipality contains 80% of the 2176 ha Caetetus Ecological Station, created in 1976.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Gália


text:
Lake Leelanau

Lake Leelanau is a lake that is located in the Leelanau Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The lake is divided into two basins, usually referred to as North Lake Leelanau and South Lake Leelanau, which are divided by the Lake Leelanau Narrows in the community of Lake Leelanau. The entire lake covers about 8608 acre. The lake is drained by the Leland River, which flows to Lake Michigan in the community of Leland.

Lake Leelanau is also occasionally referred to as Carp Lake.

Location
Lake Leelanau connects on the northwest to the Leland River, which runs for one mile (1.6 km) to Lake Michigan. Between North Lake Leelanau and South Lake Leelanau the water narrows for about a mile near the unincorporated community of Lake Leelanau. A bridge crosses the narrows on M-204. Just south of the bridge is Fountain Point, a historic and scenic landmark as well as a popular summer resort.

On the southern end, South Lake Leelanau ends in a marshy area fed by several small creeks, and the waters access the community of Cedar in Solon Township.

Lake Leelanau runs 21 mi through the middle of the Leelanau Peninsula; it is about 1.5 mi at its widest. The south lake includes 5693 acre, the north lake includes 2914 acre, and the lakes have a total shoreline of about 41.2 mi. The south lake has an average depth of 24 ft, and a maximum depth of 62 ft; the north lake has an average depth of 40 ft and a maximum depth of 121 ft.

History
Indigenous people who first inhabited the area called this land "ke-ski-bi-ag," which means "narrow body of water,".

Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an Indigenous agent for the territory, was credited with formally naming the county, and was said to use Leelinau as a character in his writing. See Leelanau County for a more complete discussion of the etymology of the name.

Scholars have established, however, that Leelinau was first used as a pen name by Schoolcraft's wife Jane Johnston Schoolcraft in writings for The Literary Voyager, a family magazine which she and her husband wrote together in the 1820s. Jane Johnston was of Ojibwa and Scots-Irish descent, and wrote in Ojibwe and English. While her writing was not published formally in her lifetime (except as Schoolcraft appropriated it under his own name), Jane Johnston Schoolcraft has been recognized as "the first Native American literary writer, the first known Indian woman writer, the first known Indian poet, the first known poet to write poems in a Native American language, and the first known American Indian to write out traditional Indian stories." In 2008 Jane Johnston Schoolcraft was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

title: Lake Leelanau


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Viminacium

Viminacium (also Viminatium) was a major city, military camp, and the capital of the Roman province of Moesia (modern-day Serbia). Following the division of Moesia in 87, following Domitian's Dacian War, it became the capital of Moesia Superior. As of 2018, only 3-4% of the site has been explored.

The site is located 12 km from the modern town of Kostolac in Eastern Serbia. The city dates back to the 1st century AD, and at its peak it is believed to have had 40,000 inhabitants, making it one of the biggest cities in the Balkans of that time. It lies on the Roman road Via Militaris. Viminacium was devastated by Huns in the 5th century, but was later rebuilt by Justinian. It was completely destroyed with the arrival of Slavs in the 6th century. Today, the archaeological site occupies a total of 450 ha, and contains remains of temples, streets, squares, amphitheatres, palaces, hippodromes and Roman baths.

Viminacium holds the distinction of having the largest number of graves discovered in any Roman archaeological site. As of 2023, 16,000 graves have been discovered.

History

The remains of Viminacium, the capital of the Roman province of Moesia Superior, are located in the territories of the villages of Stari Kostolac and Drmno, about 12 km from the town of Kostolac and about 90 miles southeast of modern Belgrade. Viminacium was one of the most important Roman cities and military camps in the period from the 1st to the 4th centuries. Its exceptional strategic importance was reflected in its roles both in the defense of the Limes Moesiae (northern border) of the Roman empire and, resulting from this, as a major communications and commercial hub.

No less appealing to the Romans was its hinterland in the Mlava river valley, which is rich in ore and grains. In Roman times, the defenses of the town on the northern side directly faced on a southern branch of the Danube, and on the western side, the Mlava river – though later on, Viminacium spread onto the left bank of the Mlava. Thanks to the location, land and waterways, Viminacium represented one of those areas where the encounter of cultures between East and West was inevitable. Although the primary functions of its roads and other transport links were military and strategic, they also provided very lively traffic throughout antiquity, and certainly contributed to the way in which Viminacium became prosperous and an important trading and business center.

The town began as a military camp. A legion may have been stationed here as early as Augustus (27 BC–14 AD). In 33/34 AD a road was built, linking Viminacium and Ratiaria, in modern-day Bulgaria. Emperor Claudius (41–54 AD) garrisoned Viminacium, Oescus and Novae as camps for the Moesian legions.

The first legion attested at Viminacium was the Legio VII Claudia that came from Dalmatia in 52 AD. A nearby civilian settlement emerged from the military camp.

In 117 AD, during the reign of Hadrian, it received city status. Hadrian visited Viminacium and organized hunting parties. In the camp itself some 6,000 soldiers were stationed, with around 30,000–40,000 people living nearby. In the earlier half of the 3rd century, the city was in full development, evidenced by the fact that at that time it acquired the status of a Roman colony, and the right to mint local money. It was here in 196 AD that Septimius Severus declared his son Caracalla as his successor and the next "Caesar".

Emperor Trajan (98–117 AD) was headquartered here during the Dacian Wars between 101 and 106. It became a colonia with minting privilege in 239 AD, during the rule of Gordian III (238–244), and housed the Legion VII and Legion IV. Other Roman emperors who visited Viminacium include Philip the Arab, Trebonianus Gallus, Constantine the Great and Julian the Apostate.

The crypt in the mausoleum is believed to be the imperial tomb of the emperor Hostilian, who briefly ruled and died in 251. Hostilian was the son of the emperor Decius, who was killed in an ambush near the ancient city of Abrutus located in present-day Bulgaria. According to 5th-century Greek historian Zosimus, emperor Hostilian and his mother Herennia Etruscilla had come to Viminacium to supervise the organization of defense of the empire's northern borders, but both died there due to the Plague of Cyprian which ravaged the empire in the 250s. Because of the far distance from Rome, and the fear of spreading the plague, his body was buried with all honors in Viminacium, rather than transported to Rome.

Viminacium was the provincial capital of Moesia Superior. In the late spring of 293–294, Diocletian journeyed through his realm, and he re-organized Viminacium as the capital of the new province of Moesia Superior Margensis. He registered that the people here wrote in Latin, as opposed to Greek in the southern provinces. Viminacium was the base camp of Legio VII Claudia, and hosted for some time the Legio IIII Flavia Felix. At the time, the city had an amphitheatre with capacity for 12,000 people.

In 382 the city was the meeting place between Theodosius and Gratian amidst the Gothic War. Per Notitia Dignitatum, Viminacium hosted the section of the Roman Danube fleet.

Viminacium was destroyed in 441 by Attila the Hun, but rebuilt by Justinian I (527–565). During Maurice's Balkan campaigns in the late 6th century, Viminacium saw destruction by the Avars in 582 and a crushing defeat of Avar forces on the northern Danube bank in 599, which destroyed Avar reputation for invincibility. Despite its strategic position, and generally good conditions of living (wide streets, villas, multi-storey buildings, large and numerous public buildings (thermae, temples, amphitheater), river port), Viminacium was never repopulated.

Location and excavation

Viminacium is located in Stari Kostolac (Old Kostolac) a Serbian town on the Danube river, east of Belgrade. The site spans 450 hectares. It is estimated that approximately 5% has been excavated.

Viminacium was the location of the first archaeological excavation in Serbia, which started in 1882, by Mihailo Valtrović, founder of archaeology in Serbia and the first professor of archeology at the college in Belgrade, but himself a non-professional archaeologist (he was an architect). The only help he received was from twelve prisoners for manual work, because the state did not have enough resources to provide him with a better work force.

His research was continued by Miloje Vasić, the first Serbian trained archaeologist, in the mid 1890s. Serbian Queen Draga Obrenović visited the site and donated 100 gold ducats for further excavations, which is considered the first donation in Serbia given to the exploration of the Antiquity. It has intensified in the last ten years in the area of the Roman city of the Roman legionary camps and cemeteries. Many studies suggest that the military camp at Viminacium had a rectangular plan, measuring 442 x, and that is not far from its western wall of civilian settlement in an area of approximately 72 acres. The Legionary camp in Viminacium is now in an area of arable land, so that Viminacium is easily accessible to researchers, but unfortunately also to robbers.

Over 700 artefacts made of silver and gold have been uncovered in the tombs. The National Museum in Belgrade and Požarevac have a total of 40,000 items found in Viminacium. Among them are many objects that are rare and invaluable.

The tombstones and sarcophagi are often decorated with relief representations of scenes from mythology or daily life. We have found numerous grave masonry construction. Especially interesting are the frescoes of the 4th-century tombs. The frescos of young women have high artistic value as examples of Roman art. During the excavation, an amphitheater was discovered, which with its 12,000 seats was one of the largest in the Balkans.

One specific fresco of a young woman is labeled the jewel of Viminacium and the most beautiful fresco of the Late Antiquity. The fresco resembles somewhat a famous Mona Lisa and local archaeologists named it "Divina". The woman is dressed in a gold-hemmed dress, indicating high social status. "Divina" is the centerpiece of the tomb and probably represents the woman who was buried in it.

Tomb No. 5517 has an unusual representation of the Heavenly Rider and the Christogram. In front of the rider there is a turquoise panther with wide open jaws. Behind the rider is a running dog, colored in dark red, with the dark blue contour. The trees are painted in the dark and light blue colors, in the manner of the Garden of Eden. Though purportedly depicting a hunting scene, it actually symbolically shows the transformation of paganism into Christianity. The rider is placed between a panther, which in Christian iconography depicts sin, cruelty, and the Antichrist, and a dog, which symbolizes justice, grace, peace, and truth. The Pagan is depicted in red color, climbing to the heaven, and then transform in the rider which is blue. It is estimated to be painted in the 3rd century.

Artisan shops with the furnaces for baking bricks were discovered, so as the thermae. Six pools were uncovered, which were decorated with the floral and animal motifs. It was a steambath, with hot air circulating between the colonnettes and warming the bricks below the floor slabs. Massage rooms occupied the central section of the thermae. Lanterns were discovered in the facility, pointing that the night bathing was possible. The water was conducted using the natural fall via an aqueduct. 10 km of aqueduct have been explored so far. The water was not naturally thermal, so it was heated. Floors and walls were luxuriously crafted, including the dressing rooms. Children were prohibited from entering. However, the water in the pools was not being changed and water chlorination was unknown at the time, so the thermae and the unhygienic public toilets were source of diseases.

Archeological site

 * 1 million years old mammoth skeleton was uncovered in the Viminacium site in June 2009. A large specimen, over 4 m tall and weighing 10 t, it is one of some 20 complete mammoth skeletons discovered so far. It was named Vika, and is estimated to be 60 years old at the time of death. She was discovered at the depth of 27 m in the lignite mine. Remains of other mammoths have been excavated in the swampy Pleistocene layers. They are exhibited in the Viminacium's Paleontology Park section.
 * A remarkable find of a 35 cm jade sculpture. The work shows the possibility of a workshop existent under the Roman era.

In 1980 the Sevso Treasure affair broke out, when Hungary, Yugoslavia and Lebanon contested the ownership over the silver objects hoard which appeared on the market. Yugoslav journalists began an investigation which lasted for years. It was discovered that numerous artifacts were smuggled and illegally sold outside of Yugoslavia. Though the Sevso Treasure itself was not from this site, Viminacium, due to the poor maintenance and low protection at the time, was specifically named as the find which "enriched many foreign collections with the valuable artifacts, sold below their true value".

The chief manager of the Viminacium project, archaeologist Miomir Korać stated in April 2018 that only 3 to 4% of the site had been explored so far. Viminacium has been geophysically explored since the mid-1990s. Thanks to this, the existence of numerous objects was confirmed, but as of 2018 they were still not uncovered: hippodrome, forum, imperial palace, several temples, theater, etc.

There is evidence that from the 1st to the 3rd century a wide medical network existed in the camp as hospitals in the military camps were regulated by the law. Remains of the surgical instruments and equipment for the medication production were discovered (vessels, mortars). In one of such bowls, discovered in the office of an eye doctor in 1985, the pastilles survived and had an imprinted inscription which explained that the medication contains saffron extract. There were 8 instruments in the bronze box (tweezers, scalpels, needles, cataract needles, stone palette, glass balsamarium). The pastilles were kept in the arch-shaped cartridges, and themselves were round, flat and spindle. The instruments barely differ from the modern ones and based on that, and the composition of the medicaments, it is believed that the doctors were treating cataract and trachoma. This discovery is considered the most important medical-pharmaceutical find in Serbia and it shows that the science-based medicine and pharmacy developed before Galen, who is considered the father of scientific medicine. Additionally, there are only four other findings of the survived Roman medicaments in Europe (Lyon and Rheims in France, Morlungo locality at Padua in Italy, Cologne in Germany). Chemical examination of the medicines began in 2019 by the experts from the Sorbonne's Laboratory for the Molecular and Structural Archaeology. After its completion, the lab will try to recreate two written medical recipes discovered in Viminacium: collyria crocodes and collyria stactum. Additionally, there is also evidence of trepanation, surgical procedure of skull opening.

 * In June 2012, excavation revealed a gladiator arena with many wild animals remains – those of a bear and of a camel. The skeleton of a bear dates from the 2nd century AD when many competitive games were held in amphitheatre. The bear almost certainly died during a spectacle, either fighting with another animal or with a man. A camel died about a century after. Only foundations remained of the amphitheatre, but the sitting tiers have been partially reconstructed. Gladiator shows were held often, though gladiators were fed with large quantities of grain porridge and were obese, "nothing like Russell Crowe in Gladiator".
 * On 21 June 2012 archaeologists discovered Roman graveyard from 2nd and 3rd centuries AD with extremely valuable pieces of fine jewelry as well as oil lamps which served to illuminate the way to the other world for the deceased ones. Not far from this necropolis, an "industrial complex" was discovered with remains of enormous furnaces whose purpose is yet to be determined.
 * In 2012 a figurine of female deity, 4,000 years old, was discovered.
 * In 2013 an altar dedicated to the nymphs was uncovered.
 * On 19 April 2018 the discovery of a mausoleum was announced. It was built in the 3rd century and was a resting place of someone very important. It is located on the northern necropolis, 830 m north of Hostilian's mausoleum. The stone sculptures and ornaments discovered in it were described as "remarkable". They include head of a Roman emperor, a young man holding a sword and parts of another sword, so as fragments of the eagle wings. The mausoleum covers an area of 15 x, while the central room is 6 x. It probably had a ritual use and from 3 sides is encircled with 11 graves. One grave is of the cremated deceased in the grave pit, two are wooden grave vaults, one is made of bricks with an arch and the rest are made of the plain brick. Most of the graves were looted. The object is made of large slabs of crushed crystal shale, with four layers of hydraulic plaster 5 to 10 cm thick. When built, the mausoleum was already 1 m dug into the ground. It was destroyed twice. First time in the Antiquity when it was thoroughly destroyed, probably as part of the damnatio memoriae. In later periods damage occurred mostly as the building material was being taken away for reuse. In this period most of the damages happened on the fence wall which was made of massive cuboid-shaped slabs. Excavations continue in the northern section where the entrance should be located. Across the mausoleum another arched grave site is also being explored.
 * On 31 May 2018 report on two sarcophagi was published. They were intact, containing two skeletons and were full of gold and silver. One skeleton is of a tall, middle-aged man in his 50s, with a silver belt buckle and remnants of shoes next to him. The other skeleton is of a slim, younger woman, in her 20s. Next to her three fine glass bottles holding perfumes were discovered, so as a silver mirror. Body itself was decorated with the golden earrings, several expensive hair pins and a necklace. All of this points to the members of a higher class. They were both placed in one sarcophagus, holding each other, while an urn was placed in the other sarcophagus. The man was 180 cm tall, while a woman had 148 cm. The condition of the male skeletons shows that he wasn't doing any hard, physical work. Female gown was apparently gold-woven, with embedded beads made of pearl, gold and glass and small golden rings with gemstones. She also had a unique waist silver kit. Two hair pins were made of bone and two of jet, while the mirror has a handle in the shape of Hercules knot. Golden engagement ring with the inscription SIMP, which is presumed to be the initials of the fiancé, is also found.
 * In February 2019 a discovery of the well preserved grave was announced. The person was 178 cm tall and the objects found in the grave include a 92 cm long two-bladed sword with bronze hilt, in the, still noticeable, wooden scabbard, large bone comb beneath the left shoulder in the case also made of bones and the iron-made belt across the pelvis. The grave was dated to the period of the Great Migration and, based on the artifacts, it was concluded that the person was member of the Germanic Gepid tribe, which populated the area in the 6th century. So far, 106 Gepid graves were found scattered through Viminicaium, but not in this area so the excavations continued to determine is it an isolated burial site or part of the necropolis. Out of 106, 31 Gepid people had characteristic deformation of the skull, a custom they took from the Huns.
 * A large and well preserved war ship was found in March 2020 and it is announced that it will become a part of permanent archaeological exhibit. Later in the summer, several lead sarcophagi from the 2nd to the 4th century were discovered, which are rarely found. One contained silver parchment with inscription in Ancient Greek.
 * Principium of the Roman castrum (at least 50 by in total) along with a number of Roman coins and other artifacts was found in November 2020. The Principium was the main headquarters of the Legio VII Claudia. The massive object, which covers 3,500 m2 and has 40 rooms, hosted offices, armories, shrine, vault, basilica, and room for keeping military flags and insignia. Central section is an inner yard with peristyle. Water storage and fountain are also within the complex, which is from all sides surrounded by the colonnades. Strong walls point to the existence of upper floors. Interior remains show paving of the floor with decorative tiles (glass hour or butterfly ornaments), while the walls were decorated with red and white patterns, floral motifs, inscriptions and bordures. In the vault the denarius and antoninianus coins were found, mostly depicting the 3rd century emperors Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus and Aurelian.

Viminacium port
According to the Roman document Notitia Dignitatum, part of the Roman Danube fleet was anchored at Viminacium. As the locality is not situated on any modern watercourse, either the Danube was flowing further to the south than it does today, or some large arm was separating from the main flow in this direction, leaving the modern fossil riverbed which yields numerous navy artifacts. In 2019, at the old mouth of the Mlava into the Danube (today Drmno coal surface mine) a large iron anchor was discovered, but was stolen the same night it was dug it up. In February 2020, a hewn boat (monoxyl) was found at the same locality.

Just a month later, the discovery of the buried ship in the same former riverbed was announced. It was located 500 m west of the previous discovery. The ship was discovered at the depth of 7 to 8 m. It was partially embedded into the sand, alluvial sediment of the river, and partially into the marshy clay sediment, when the river changed its course and the remaining oxbow lake turned into the swamp. Layers above the ship were also mixed, including loess brought by the wind, and solidified mud from frequent flooding.

It was excavated, and partially damaged, by the large excavator, when the planks were spotted in its bucket. The ship is extremely well preserved thanks to the specific conditions and high moisture. It is the flatbed ship, built for the shallow waters. The casing for the mast of the auxiliary sail also survived, so as the rudder, stern and the square rowlock for the stern oar. Preserved part of the ship is 9.5 m long, but it is estimated that the entire ship was 15 m long and 2.7 m wide. It was definitely a war ship as it has remains of the rostrum. Two monoxyls were discovered next to it.

Exact dating will be conducted applying the C4 carbon fixation technique. The geologist will survey the dug to establish the timeline when the river was flowing through here. Though suggested that the ship may be even prehistoric, everything points to the Roman type of ship (Roman, Byzantine, early medieval). The ship is the only such find in Serbia. It will be fully reconstructed, including the missing parts, and exhibited with two monoxyls.

In April 2021, discovery of other vessels was announced. They were discovered in the former arm of the Danube, buried 7 m deep into the clay sediments, which indicated a period older than Viminacium's golden age. The largest ship is 19 m long, and the total of seven vessels was discovered, in various shapes and sizes. Some pottery was found, too. Carbon dating showed that the oldest ships were from the 1st century B.C., while some originate from the 15th and 17th century. They were all made of oak, and the iron cramps used to bind the wood survived. The recent ship discoveries point to the former, apparently abundant, oak forests in the area, and over a millennium old, previously unrecorded, shipbuilding tradition which both predated and survived Viminacium.

Even larger ship, estimated to be over 20 m long, was dredged by an excavator in the Danube's fossil riverbed in July 2023. It was located in the sand silt. at the depth of 8 m. It was partially damaged by the excavator, but the remains were in excellent condition. With growing number of discovered vessels, the construction of the Museum of Ships within the complex began.

Domus scientiarum Viminacium
Domus scientiarum Viminacium is a new scientific, research and tourist center built on the edge of the Archaeological park. The Domus was constructed in the manner of a Roman villa, with rooms and laboratories grouped around several atria. The Domus hosts an archaeological museum, a scientific library, laboratories for processing archaeological finds, an information center, conference rooms, a restaurant with dining hall and SPA center in the form of a Roman bath. There are also bedrooms available for researchers, students and visitors. One of the most spectacular features is a large conference room decorated by a Serbian mosaicist who installed mosaics based on Late Antique style.

The bedrooms are styled after the Roman military barracks and have six beds in one room. The complex became an archaeological congressional center, labeled the "congressional (military) camp" which includes the central plaza, two debating halls and the large dining room patterned after the Roman military mess halls. When not used for the scientific gatherings, the part of the complex adapts into the "Roman children camp", with the adjoining adventure park partially made after the Roman training grounds for the legionaries. Some of the experiments include attempts to recreate other practices done in the "Roman way", like cremations or planting grapevines. The Limes Park, a recreated Roman training ground was finished in September 2018 while the adjoining adventure park was open in December 2018. It covers an area of 2 ha and consists of 48 attractions.

In 2017 Viminacium had 100,000 visitors, the largest number of tourists in its history. Of that number, 17,000 came via boats as the pier for the tourists have been constructed. The international passenger port "Kostolac" is under construction in the nearby town, and should be finished by the late 2021 or early 2022. In July 2021, the Archaeological Park Viminacium was given the administration over the port. The port became operational on 1 April 2022.

Since 2018, an annual theatrical festival "Viminacijum Fest" is being held in Kostolac and Viminacium Archaeological Park.

Inhabitants
It is estimated that the city had 40,000 inhabitants at its peak. Human remains show mixture of different people. Facial reconstruction has been performed on several skulls for the purpose of the 2018 exhibition "Roman Limes and cities in Serbia" in the gallery of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts prepared by the archaeologist and forensic anthropologist Ilija Mikić. Remains show that the population belonged to the various types, like the Mediterranean, but also the unusual for this region like the Nordic or the Black. Some of this different faces were reconstructed.

Other important findings include the skulls with the full sets of teeth or the elongated skulls. Though immediately labeled "alien" by the public, they are actually product of the special technics for the artificial cranial deformation, which would start with the tying up of children's heads. The elongation was deemed very beautiful and desirable. Mikić also stated that, based on the numerous skeletons, the average life span in Viminacium was 35 years, while the average height was 165 cm for men and 155 cm for women.

Ecclesiastical history
As provincial capital of Moesia Prima, Viminacium also became a Metropolitan archbishopric, presumably from about 300 to circa 400.

The Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Braničevo is considered the successor of both Viminacium and Horreum Margi.

Titular see
The archdiocese was nominally restored in 1925 as a Latin Catholic Metropolitan titular archbishopric Viminacium (Latin) / Viminacio (Curiate Italian)

The title has been held by:

 * 11 July 1925 – 6 June 1927 – Alfred-Jules Mélisson (1842–1927), as promotion on emeritate; previously Bishop of Blois (France) (10 October 1907 – 9 February 1925) and Titular Bishop of Irenopolis in Cilicia (9 February 1925 – 11 July 1925);
 * 30 October 1928 – 10 December 1940 – Thomas Francis Hickey (1861–1940)
 * 24 May 1941 – 14 March 1950 – Manoel da Silva Gomes (1874–1950), as emeritate; formerly Titular Bishop of Mopsuestia (11 April 1911 – 16 September 1912) as Auxiliary Bishop of Ceará (Brazil) (11 April 1911 – 16 September 1912), succeeding as Bishop of the same Ceará (16 September 1912 – 10 November 1915), Metropolitan Archbishop of Fortaleza (Brazil) (10 November 1915 – 24 May 1941);
 * 1 February 1951 – 12 October 1958 – Settimio Peroni (1878–1958), as emeritate; former Bishop of Norcia (Italy) (17 December 1928 – 1 February 1951);
 * 10 June 1959 – 24 April 1970 – Jean-Baptiste Boivin (1898–1970), Society of African Missions (S.M.A.), as emeritate; previously Titular Bishop of Italian language (15 March 1939 – 14 September 1955) as last Vicar Apostolic of Costa d’Avorio (Ivory Coast = Côte d'Ivoire) (15 March 1939 – 9 April 1940), restyled only Apostolic Vicar of Abidjan (9 April 1940 – 14 September 1955), promoted first Metropolitan Archbishop of the same Abidjan (14 September 1955 – 10 June 1959);
 * 24 December 1970 – 28 July 2003 – Franco Brambilla (1923–2003)
 * 6 January 2007 – incumbent – Stanisław Wojciech Wielgus

Sources and external links
For more information, visit the official site of Viminacium
 * A Jewel of National and World Heritage – Viminacium
 * Viminacium on YouTube
 * Viminacium on YouTube
 * Viminacium
 * The coins
 * Coin info
 * more coin information
 * The mint of Viminacium
 * Project Viminacium
 * Inscriptions de la Mésie supérieure
 * Viminacium on viatorimperi
 * Serbia unearths major new tourist attraction

title: Viminacium


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User:DBrane

Welcome to my user page.

I'm a Norwegian PhD student in physics who has just become a proper Wikipedia user, so there is not much to see here, yet.

title: User:DBrane


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teliophile

Teliophile
See above. (I guess could just be a redirect to an article about to be deleted.) jpgordon 16:34, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as above (except with zero Google hits). It's not a redirect, oddly, or I'd say it should be moved. Lord Bob 16:42, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NAMBLA propoganda.   — Frecklefoot | Talk 17:50, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Same as teliophilia: neologism, pro-child-rape POV.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:51, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete this POV rubbish (how's that for intolerant?). Fire Star 19:54, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as above and consider blocking proxy. This kiddie porn stuff is getting out of hand. - Lucky 6.9 20:36, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. See above, probably not a neologism. Teliophilia is a misspelling of teleiophilia, which looks to me like a rare but real word, and if teleiophilia is a word, I'd guess teleiophile is, too. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:43, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Teleiophilia. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:14, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless Teleiophilia can expand past a dicdef. Rossami 03:57, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Kill it, kill it now. Ambi 05:19, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE, interestingly, the article does not describe teleiophilia, it describes normal sexual interest of adults plus ephebophilia. 132.205.15.4 07:54, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:65.94.5.14

title: User talk:65.94.5.14


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Edward Shanks

Edward Richard Buxton Shanks (11 June 1892 – 4 May 1953) was an English writer, known as a war poet of World War I, then as an academic and journalist, and literary critic and biographer. He also wrote some science fiction.

He was born in London, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He passed his B.A. in History in 1913. He was editor of Granta from 1912–13. He served in World War I with the British Army in France, but was invalided out in 1915, and did administrative work until war's end.

He was later a literary reviewer, working for the London Mercury (1919–22) and for a short while a lecturer at the University of Liverpool (1926). He was the chief leader-writer for the Evening Standard from 1928 to 1935.

The People of the Ruins (1920) was a science-fiction novel in which a man wakes after being put into suspended animation in 1924, to discover a devastated Britain 150 years in the future. The People of the Ruins has an anti-communist subtext (the future 1924 is devastated by Marxist revolutionaries).

Awards and honors
He was the first recipient of the Hawthornden Prize in 1919.

Works

 * Songs (1915) poems
 * Hilaire Belloc, the man and his work (1916) with C. Creighton Mandell
 * Poems (1916)
 * The Queen of China and Other Poems (1919) poems
 * The Old Indispensables (1919) novel
 * The People of the Ruins (1920) novel Text at Project Gutenberg Australia
 * The Island of Youth and Other Poems (1921) poems
 * The Richest Man (1923) novel
 * First Essays on Literature (1923) criticism
 * Fête Galante (1923) opera libretto
 * Bernard Shaw (1924) criticism
 * The Shadowgraph and Other Poems (1925)
 * Collected Poems (1900–1925) (1926)
 * The Beggar's Ride (1926) drama
 * Second Essays on Literature (1927) criticism (W. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., London)
 * Queer Street (1933)
 * The Enchanted Village (1933) (A sequel "Queer Street", however, this one more uncommon)
 * Poems 1912–1932 (1933)
 * Tom Tiddler's Ground (1934)
 * Old King Cole (1936) novel
 * Edgar Allan Poe (1937)
 * My England (1939)
 * Rudyard Kipling – A Study in Literature and Political Ideas (1940)
 * Poems 1939–1952 (1953)

title: Edward Shanks


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Desenzano del Garda

Desenzano del Garda (Dezensà) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy, on the southwestern shore of Lake Garda. It borders the communes of Castiglione delle Stiviere, Lonato, Padenghe sul Garda and Sirmione.

History
The area was settled in the Bronze Age and sometime in the first century BCE, the area around lake Garda, including what is now Desenzano del Garda, became a favourite vacation spot for the Veronese élite, Verona being one of the largest Roman cities in northeastern Italy.

The toponym Desenzano is supposed to derive from the Latin name of persona Decentius, the alleged owner of the fourth-century Roman farm and villa of which the excavations can be visited. There is also an etymology of popular origin: since the village stretches along the hilly slope, the toponym is connected with the word 'descent'.

The Villa Romana is one of the most important Roman villas in the north of Italy, covering an area of 11,000 square metres. Built in the first century BCE it was occupied through to the fifth century. Discovered in the 1920’s it is believed that the final stage was built by Flavius Magnus Decentius, brother of Emperor Magnentius.

The Castello was built around 1000 CE to protect the populace from raids by bandits and incursions by Hungarians. The fortifications follow the old Roman ‘castrum’ layout and was enlarged in 15th century.

When the Venetians controlled this part of Italy they rebuilt the Old Port in 1454 to make Desenzano a commercial hub for the wider area with such localities as Brescia, Mantova and Verona.

The baroque cathedral, dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, was designed by Giulio Todeschini and built on the remains of the parish church between 1586 and 1611.

On 24 June 1859, four divisions of Sardinian infantry fought a gruesome battle with elements of the Austrian Eighth corps, under Feldzeugmeister Ludwig von Benedek, in an engagement encompassing Madonna della Scoperta, Pozzolengo, and San Martino (as Desenzano del Garda was known). This action was part of the greater battle centered on Solferino, during the Second Italian War of Independence, and was a vital step in achieving Italian unification – unification that was gained only eleven years later. During the Third Italian War of Independence, Desenzano was bombarded by the Austrian navy.

Notable residents
The Italian poet and librettist Angelo Anelli, who collaborated with Rossini in revising L'italiana in Algeri (The Italian Girl in Algiers) from an earlier text by Luigi Mosca, and whose libretto for Ser Marcantonio by Stefano Pavesi became the basis for Donizetti’s Don Pasquale, was born in Desenzano del Garda in 1761.

Olympic gold medalist, sprinter Marcell Jacobs grew up in Desenzano del Garda. Italian cyclist Sonny Colbrelli and Italian volleyball player Alessandro Michieletto were also born in the town.

Main sights

 * The Cathedral of St Mary Magdalene
 * The House of St Angela Merici
 * The Tower of St Martin (Torre di San Martino)
 * The Museum of Archaeology (Museo Civico Archeologico)
 * Old Port (Porto Vecchio)
 * Roman Villa Densenzano (La Villa Romana)
 * The Castle (Castello di Densenzano)

Tourism
The city is a holiday destination in Southern Europe. It attracts tourists from the immediate area owing to its views of the Alps from the southern shore of Lake Garda, its three large beaches (Desenzanino Beach, Spiagga d'Oro, and Porto Rivoltella Beach), and its 27 major hotels.

Desenzano is the heart of nightlife on the southern shore of Lake Garda, with several discos and pubs. In the summer, its main squares, Piazza Malvezzi and Piazza Matteotti, are crowded with people.

At the center of the city are a series of interconnected piazze that house open-air cafés, shops, gelaterie (ice-cream parlours), and bars.

Transport
The city has a main port near the Piazza Giacomo Matteotti, from where several ferries operate. On the south-western outskirts of the city is a large railway station, the Desenzano del Garda-Sirmione railway station (Stazione Ferroviaria), which connects the city to the European railway system. Desenzano also has its own exit from the A4 motorway, the main road between Milan and Venice.

World Heritage Site
It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements, which are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Municipal government
Desenzano is headed by a mayor (sindaco) assisted by a legislative body, the consiglio comunale, and an executive body, the giunta comunale. Since 1994 the mayor and members of the consiglio comunale are directly elected together by resident citizens, while from 1946 to 1994 the mayor was chosen by the legislative body. The giunta comunale is chaired by the mayor, who appoints others members, called assessori. The offices of the comune are housed in a building usually called the municipio or palazzo comunale.

Since 1994 the mayor of Desenzano is directly elected by citizens, originally every four, then every five years. The current mayor is Guido Malinverno (FI), elected on 26 June 2017.

title: Desenzano del Garda


text:
See You Next Wednesday

See You Next Wednesday is a recurring gag in most of the films directed by John Landis, usually referring to a fictional film that is rarely seen and never in its entirety. Each instance of See You Next Wednesday in Landis's films seems to be a completely different film.

Landis got the title See You Next Wednesday from the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. It is the last line spoken by Frank Poole's father during Poole's video letter from his parents.

References in Landis's works

 * In Landis's first film, Schlock (1973), See You Next Wednesday is mentioned twice and is also shown as a poster. Brief casting and plot descriptions are given each time that it is mentioned, making it clear that this is in fact two different films, both titled See You Next Wednesday.

 * In the sketch comedy film The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), the film is a melodrama presented in "Feel-Around," a technique where an usher stands behind each movie patron and does things to them as they occur in the film, enhancing the movie-going experience, at least until the scene where the woman puts a knife to the man's throat.

 * See You Next Wednesday.jpg In [[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]] (1980), See You Next Wednesday is glimpsed on a billboard which also features a huge gorilla. It also appears on the cinema sign behind where the Nazi Pinto crashes through the road. It also says under the title on the marquee "Starring Donald Sutherland". Since Sutherland took $50,000 cash for his role in the Landis film Animal House instead of the offered 15%, he missed out on millions when the film became a huge hit. The film is directed by the fictional Carl La Fong, a reference to the W. C. Fields comedy It's a Gift (1934) and a character name that Landis has used as an anonymous credit on some of his other films.

 * In An American Werewolf in London (1981), See You Next Wednesday is a porn film being shown in a seedy London pornographic theater. Advertised as "A Non-Stop Orgy", scenes from the movie are actually shown as the characters talk in the theater. A poster of See You Next Wednesday can also be seen on the wall in the Tube station.

 * In Trading Places (1983), a poster for See You Next Wednesday is glimpsed in Ophelia's (Jamie Lee Curtis) apartment. On this poster it is directed by William Wyler and stars Laurence Olivier, Merle Oberon and David Niven (the real director and stars of the 1939 version of Wuthering Heights). The poster features the quote L'un des 10 meilleurs Films du Monde ("One of the 10 Best Movies in the World").

 * At the end of Coming Soon (1982) there is a series of clips from recent Universal Studios film trailers with the final being watercolor poster art for See You Next Wednesday, followed by Jamie Lee Curtis giggling at the inside joke.

 * In the Michael Jackson music video Thriller (1983), the phrase is spoken by a deputy in the werewolf film that Michael and his girlfriend are watching. It is also visible as a poster on the outside of the cinema as they leave.

 * In the "Time Out" segment in Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983), an SS officer says "see you next Wednesday" in German.

 * In Spies Like Us (1985), a U.S. Army recruiting poster can be seen behind Colonel Rhumbus (Bernie Casey) right after the vertical impact simulation scene that says "The army can teach you a skill. See You Next Wednesday."

 * In Into the Night (1985), posters for the movie are shown.

 * In Coming to America (1988), a poster for See You Next Wednesday is shown on a New York City Subway station. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Sybil Danning, Jamie Lee Curtis, Moe Howard, James Brown, and Kara Young.

 * In the first episode of the 1990 TV series Dream On (which Landis directed), Martin (Brian Benben) says to his maid (Marianne Muellerleile), "See you next Thursday". She corrects him saying, "Wednesday".

 * In the music video Black or White (1991), Michael Jackson throws a garbage can through the window of "See You Next Wednesday Storage Co."

 * In Innocent Blood (1992), See You Next Wednesday is shown on a marquee.

 * In The Stupids (1996), the phrase is seen on the back of the bus to which the kids chain their bikes.

 * In the Masters of Horror episode "Family" (2006), the phrase is spoken by a cartoon character on TV.

References in non-Landis works

 * In the "Video Pirates" segment of Amazon Women on the Moon (1987), pirates find a treasure chest filled with golden video cassettes; among the numerous in-jokes visible on the tapes, one of the cassette cases is labeled "See You Next Wednesday" (while Landis directed several segments of the film, the "Video Pirates" segment was directed by frequent Landis collaborator Robert K. Weiss). The movie poster of the An American Werewolf in London version of SYNW (the Non-Stop Orgy) is in the Tower Records store in the last sketch of the movie.

 * In the video game Deus Ex, an email found on Paul Denton's computer contains a notice from a movie rental company, mentioning the movies See You Next Wednesday and Blue Harvest.

 * In the video game NetHack, the phrase "See you next Wednesday" can appear as graffiti on the floor.

 * In the movie Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!, when Pete (Topher Grace) is flipping channels while Rosalee (Kate Bosworth) is on a date with Tad Hamilton (Josh Duhamel), a TV advertisement shows Hamilton riding a motorcycle over a hill, then drinking a soda while a Spanish-language voiceover says "¡Hasta el próximo miércoles!" (until next Wednesday)

 * In the movie Hellboy II: The Golden Army, the film's name is on the marquee of a theater in the shot of a city street, but as "SEE YOU NEXT _ _ _ N _ SDAY".

 * The video for Michael Bublé's song "Hollywood" features a cinema showing See You Next Wednesday.

 * In the documentary American Grindhouse to which John Landis contributed, "See You Next Wednesday" is included in the end credit list of film clips used with the production company "miracle".

 * In the Doctor Who 2013 episode "Nightmare in Silver", written by Neil Gaiman, the Doctor's companion Clara Oswald uses the phrase as a goodbye late in the episode.

 * It is the sign off slogan each week for The Soapbox Office Podcast.

 * In the sign off on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee on September 19, 2015

 * An issue of Ghost Rider 2099 has it written on a wall in one of the frames.

 * An 8.5 by 11 inch copy of the See You Next Wednesday billboard as seen in The Blues Brothers (1980) is seen on the fridge in the short comedy film Annulment.

 * In Sharknado 5, a theater marquee displays "See You Next Wednesday", with showings at 1:30 and 6:00. The movie posters show a dancing couple, and the (apparent) stars of Price, Goodman, Kessler, and Hirsch (first names are not quite legible). These are the surnames of the four main characters in American Werewolf in London.

 * In Episode 61 of the Japanese version of Kirby: Right Back at Ya!, King Dedede is shown eating potato chips and watching a vampire movie, where the vampire in question (although never shown), says this line; it was replaced with "How kind of you to drop in for a bite" in the dub.

title: See You Next Wednesday


text:
Talk:Beslan school siege/Archive 1

Return to main talk

Mashkadov & Shamil Basayev
Why does this article mention Mashkadov instead of Shamil Basayev (who claimed responsibility for the Moscow attack and is considerably more likely to be behind this one)? Ambi 12:17, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Because Maskhadov has publicly denied any responsibility but nothing has been heard from Basayev. While it's certainly possible that his group is behind it, mentioning it at this stage would be pure speculation. -- ChrisO 12:55, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The Chechen rebel leader Aslan Maskhadov has denied that his forces are involved in the siege, but the crisis is strikingly similar to the Moscow Theatre Siege of February 2002. Emphasis mine. My point is that at the moment, this section (whether intentionally or not) makes the implication that Maskhadov is linked to at least the Moscow siege, with the connotation that he may well also have been involved in this as well, though. Ambi 13:41, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm, perhaps it could be reworded to "Aslan Maskhadov has denied that his forces are involved in the siege. Shamil Basayev, who claimed responsibility for the Moscow Theatre Siege, has not yet commented on the situation, but there are various similarities between both crises." Any criticisms? Gavin 14:01, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * That's much better. Ambi 21:52, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

School location
I dunno where this would go -- perhaps if someone does an article on the school, but it's on COMINTERN Street. I'm surprised it wasn't renamed. Just a bit of trivia. -Joseph 01:20, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

Why would anyone want to rename it? Its our history, regardless for what it means to foreigners. Cacofiend 19:36, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Stalin is also part of your history, and his streets were (AFAIK) renamed :). Ausir 19:55, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Some of them were, but Stalin is still generally commended rather than disliked, especially for the way he dealt with chechens. Cacofiend 20:37, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Clarification please
In the start of the article, it mentions "After an exchange of gunfire with police, in which five were killed," - Question: is that five police or hostage takers? Krupo 06:55, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Five terrorists. Lazy Ranma 09:51, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * (William M. Connolley 21:46, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)) ?So why does the page now say that five officers were killed?

Since there seem to be conflicting numbers with the death toll, does anyone else think it would be a wise idea to say "around 400"? --FarQPwnsJoo 09:44, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it is wise idea. Lazy Ranma 09:51, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * PS 212.111.92.2 is me
 * Official data - 322 died Lazy Ranma 11:03, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Half of them were children. Most have been shot in their backs.Cacofiend 07:32, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

335 by now.Cacofiend 15:21, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

school ground plan
Please note my rough sketches of the school grounds may be inaccurate. I drew them from BBC news latest article, but I've since seen other, different, examples from BBC and CNN quoting gazeta.ru (Izvestia) as source. I'm still searching for a good source. -Wikibob | Talk 23:29, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

 * It's good that we have plans, and all thanks should go to Wikibob for so promptly adding them, but could someone with some artisitc flare draw some better images - of course if someone can draw something like http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/04/russian_s/html/1.stm then that's just great! Tompagenet 10:55, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, these were quickly drawn to help me, and hopefully others, understand what had happened and make sense of the television images. It would certainly be great if someone could produce better alternatives. I'm now more confident that the BBC sketch, on which the rough plan is based, is more accurate than the CNN version, as one can match the view from bottom-right with this photo

It would be nice to know which way is North (I'm guessing bottom left) and where the railway track lies (I'm guessing up).-Wikibob | Talk 18:54, 2004 Sep 6 (UTC)

Would anyone mind if I did a slightly more antialiased and outlined version of Wikibob's drawing? I like it, but I think it just needs a bit of smoothing. (I've now done an image based on the first of Wikibob's plans, but I'm afraid I don't know how to link to it from here without actually inserting it into the page.) Underscore 22:56, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Just put a colon before the "Image", i.e. Image:foo.png . --Conti|✉ 19:13, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks. Here it is: Image:Beslan_hostage_crisis_initial_plan.png. If people think it's okay, I can do another one if there's need for it :-). Underscore 20:07, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The red dots don't line up, is there a reason for that? mvdhout 20:15, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * No good reason, other than I was lazy — fixed now. Thanks for pointing that out. Underscore 20:41, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The PDF version of the Saturday issue of Izvestia linked in by someone recently shows that the Comintern street is the one on the left not the one on the top of the diagram. Not sure if both streets have the same name. ilgiz 17:06, Sep 8, 2004 (UTC)

removed copyrighted image of school
I reverted to remove the image copyrighted by the BBC; I saw no permission to use this, and the BBC state:

"All rights, including copyright, in the content of these BBC web pages are owned or controlled for these purposes by the BBC.

In accessing the BBC's web pages, you agree that you may only download the content for your own personal non-commercial use.

You are not permitted to copy, broadcast, download, store (in any medium), transmit, show or play in public, adapt or change in any way the content of these BBC web pages for any other purpose whatsoever without the prior written permission of the BBC." -Wikibob | Talk 21:45, 2004 Sep 5 (UTC)

Comment: Copyrights on certain things don't really matter. Would you tell someone to delete something that is copyrighted in this type of situation? [terrorist attacks] User:kloy1334 | Talk 10:45, 2004 Sep 18 (GMT -7)

Images?
This article could really use images. Are there free (fair use?) pictures out there? The cutesy diagrams there now wholly fail to capture the full horror of this "hostage crisis" in a way even a small number of photos would. V V 16:35, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Here are 10 photos sourced from Reuters but from the attacker's video, no idea if they would count as fair use. They're linked from the German article. -Wikibob | Talk 00:46, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)

 * Some photos would certainly help. But I don't think the diagrams (someone's hard work) deserve the rather disparaging label "cutesy". –Hajor 14:30, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I didn't mean it as disparaging. Rather, the diagrams have a glow to them which alone don't reflect the gravity of the subject.  But obviously they are a huge asset.  V V  09:19, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beslan school siege/Archive 1


text:
User:Rhd~enwiki

This page crawled into being when I got tired of being the only red-linked person on the History pages. Now you can tell when I'm lying like a Cretan.

main expertise: ophthalmic histopathology other postgrad training: clinical ophthalmology, general histopathology, biomed engineering expertise without formal accreditation: real-time assembly programming, wildlife pathology abiding interests: maths, physics, visual arts, classical music (European and Hindustani/Karnatic), literature, etymology, signal analysis abiding non-interests: politics, influence, showbiz, money/finance, cars, fashion, cities, most of the human race sense of humour: marginal

title: User:Rhd~enwiki


text:
User:Fwb22

I worked on a few articles from the IP address 163.1.168.182 before I created this user account.

I mainly work on physics-related articles, but also any other random things I find interesting...

I hereby award this barnstar for your contributions to Physics, in particular articles relating to strong force Jackliddle 20:55, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Fwb22


text:
Robert Wilson Lynd

Robert Wilson Lynd (Roibéard Ó Floinn; 20 April 1879 – 6 October 1949) was an Irish writer, editor of poetry, urbane literary essayist, socialist and Irish nationalist.

Early life
Lynd was born at 3 Brookhill Avenue in Cliftonville, Belfast to Robert John Lynd, a Presbyterian minister, and Sarah Rentoul Lynd, the second of seven children. Lynd's paternal great-grandfather emigrated from Scotland to Ireland.

Lynd was educated at Royal Belfast Academical Institution, where he befriended James Winder Good and Paul Henry, and studied at Queen's University. His father served a term as Presbyterian Church Moderator as one of a long line of Presbyterian clergy in the family. A 2003 essayist on Lynd recounts that his "maternal grandfather, great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather had all been Presbyterian clergymen."

Literary career
Lynd began as a journalist, with James Winder Good, on The Northern Whig in Belfast. He moved to London in 1901, via Manchester, sharing accommodation with Paul Henry who was establishing himself as an artist. Firstly he wrote drama criticism, for Today, edited by Jerome K. Jerome. He also wrote for the Daily News (later the News Chronicle), being its literary editor 1912–47.

The Lynds were literary hosts, in the group including J. B. Priestley. They were on good terms also with Hugh Walpole. Priestley, Walpole and Sylvia Lynd were founding committee members of the Book Society. Irish guests included James Joyce and James Stephens. On one occasion reported by Victor Gollancz in Reminiscences of Affection, p. 90, Joyce intoned Anna Livia Plurabelle to his own piano accompaniment.

He used the pseudonym Y.Y (Ys, or wise) in writing for the New Statesman. According to C. H. Rolph's Kingsley (1973), Lynd's weekly essay, which ran from 1913 to 1945, was "irreplaceable". In 1941, editor Kingsley Martin decided to alternate it with pieces by James Bridie on Ireland, but the experiment was not at all a success.

Political activism
Attendance at a performance in London of John Millington Synge's play Riders to the Sea aroused Lynd's Irish Nationalist sympathies. These were further radicalised by the Home Rule crisis of 1912–14. He was appalled at the threat of the use of violence to deliver Ulster from Home Rule and the later decision to postpone the implementation of the Third Home Rule Bill. He later wrote: "Then came August 1914 and England began a war for the freedom of small nations by postponing the freedom of the only small nation in Europe which it was within her power to liberate with the stroke of a pen."

Of James Connolly, Lynd was to write: "among the sixteen men who were executed after the failure of the Irish Insurrection of 1916 there was no nobler or more heroic figure than James Connolly". He described Connolly as "a working-class leader and a Nationalist in almost equal Proportions. He was at once as patriotic as Garibaldi and as revolutionary as Lenin". At the request of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, Lynd wrote an introduction to a new edition of James Connolly's Labour in Irish history, first published in 1910.

He became a fluent Irish speaker, and Gaelic League member. As a Sinn Féin activist, he used the name Robiard Ó Flionn/Roibeard Ua Flionn. He nonetheless rejected an ethnic definition of what it is to be Irish: "The 'Real irishman' is neither essentially a Celt nor essentially a Catholic. He is merely a man who has the good or bad fortune to be born in Ireland or of Irish parents, and who is interested in Ireland more than any other country ... the Orange labourer of the north whose ancestors may have come from Scotland, has all the attributes of an Irishman no less than the Catholic labourer of the west, whose ancestors may have come from Greece, or from Spain, or from anywhere you care to speculate."In Belfast he was a member both of the republican Dungannon Clubs and of the Belfast Socialist Society.

Personal life and death
Lynd married the writer Sylvia Dryhurst on 21 April 1909. They had met at Gaelic League meetings in London. Their daughters Máire and Sigle became close friends of Isaiah Berlin. Máire married communist lawyer Jack Gaster and had three children. Sigle's son, born in 1941, is artist Tim Wheeler.

In March 1924, Robert and Sylvia moved to what was to be their long-term married home, the elegant Regency house of 5 Keats Grove in the leafy suburb of Hampstead, north-west London. The house had been lived in by various members of Sylvia's (Dryhurst) family.

James Joyce and his wife Nora Barnacle held their wedding lunch at the Lynds' house after getting married at Hampstead Town Hall on 4 July 1931.

Lynd died in Hampstead in 1949. He is buried in Belfast City Cemetery. Seán MacBride, Minister for External Affairs, attended the funeral as the representative of the government of the Republic of Ireland.

Works

 * The Mantle of the Emperor (1906) with Ladbroke Black
 * On Not Being A Philosophe r
 * Irish and English (1908)
 * Home Life in Ireland (1909)
 * Rambles in Ireland (1912)
 * The Book of This and That (1915)
 * If the Germans Conquered England (1917)
 * Old and New Masters (1919)
 * Ireland a Nation (1919)
 * The Art of Letters (1920)
 * The Passion of Labour (1920) New Statesman articles
 * The Pleasures of Ignorance (1921)
 * Solomon in All His Glory (1922)
 * The Sporting Life and Other Trifles (1922)
 * Books and Authors (1922)
 * The Blue Lion (1923)
 * Selected Essays (1923)
 * The Peal of Bells (1924)
 * The Money Box (1925)
 * The Orange Tree (1926)
 * The Little Angel (1926)
 * Dr. Johnson and Company (1927)
 * The Goldfish (1927)
 * The Silver Books of English Sonnets (1927), editor
 * The Green Man (1928)
 * It's a Fine World (1930)
 * Rain, Rain, go to Spain (1931)
 * Great Love Stories of All Nations (1932), editor
 * "Y.Y." An Anthology of Essays (1933)
 * The Cockleshell (1933)
 * Both Sides of the Road (1934)
 * I Tremble to Think (1936)
 * In Defence of Pink (1937)
 * Searchlights and Nightingales (1939)
 * An Anthology of Modern Poetry (1939), editor
 * Life's Little Oddities (1941), illustrated by Steven Spurrier
 * Further Essays of Robert Lynd (1942)
 * Things One Hears (1945), illustrated by Claire Oldham
 * Essays on Life and Literature (1951)
 * Books and Writers (1952)
 * Essays by Robert Lynd (1959)
 * Galway of the Races – Selected essays (1990), edited by Sean McMahon
 * Without Glasses – abridged

title: Robert Wilson Lynd