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David Satcher

David Satcher (born March 2, 1941) is an American physician, and public health administrator. He was a four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as the 10th Assistant Secretary for Health, and the 16th Surgeon General of the United States.

Early years
Satcher was born in Anniston, Alabama. At the age of two, he contracted whooping cough. A Black doctor, Dr. Jackson, came to his parents' farm, and told his parents he didn't expect David to live, but nonetheless spent the day with him and told his parents how to give him the best chance he could. Satcher said that he grew up hearing that story, and that inspired him to be a doctor. While in college, Satcher was active in the Civil Rights Movement and was arrested on multiple occasions.

Satcher graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta in 1963 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He received his MD and a PhD in cell biology from Case Western Reserve University in 1970 with election to the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society. He completed his residency and fellowship training at the Strong Memorial Hospital, the University of Rochester, the UCLA School of Medicine, and Martin Luther King Jr.-Harbor Hospital. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American College of Preventive Medicine, and the American College of Physicians, and is board certified in preventive medicine. Satcher pledged Omega Psi Phi fraternity and is an initiate of the Psi chapter of Morehouse College.

Career
Satcher served as professor and Chairman of the Department of Community Medicine and Family Practice at Morehouse School of Medicine from 1979 to 1982. He is a former faculty member of the UCLA School of Medicine, the UCLA School of Public Health, and the King-Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles, where he developed and chaired the King-Drew Department of Family Medicine. From 1975 to 1979, he served as the interim Dean of the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School, during which time, he negotiated the agreement with UCLA School of Medicine and the Board of Regents that led to a medical education program at King-Drew. He also directed the King-Drew Sickle Cell Research Center for six years. Satcher served as President of Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1982 to 1993. He also held the posts of Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry from 1993 to 1998.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Scandal
Under Satcher's leadership, the CDC took millions of dollars Congress set aside for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) research and secretly spent the funds in other areas. The misappropriation of funds continued for three years (from 1995-1998) and the CDC attempted to cover up their actions. The issue only came to light after a CDC employee filed a whistleblower report and a special Inspector General was appointed to investigate the matter. In the words of Martha Katz, Deputy Director for Policy and Legislation at CDC: "Resources intended for CFS were actually used for measles, polio and other disease areas. This was a breach of CDC's solemn trust and is in direct conflict with its core values."

Surgeon General
Satcher served simultaneously in the positions of Surgeon General and Assistant Secretary for Health from February 1998 through January 2001 at the US Department of Health and Human Services. As such, he is the first Surgeon General to be appointed as a four-star admiral in the PHSCC, to reflect his dual offices.

In his first year as Surgeon General, Satcher released the 1998 Surgeon General's report "Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups." In it he reported that tobacco use was on the rise among youth in each of the country's major racial and ethnic groups, threatening their long-term health prospects.

Satcher was appointed by Bill Clinton, and remained Surgeon General until 2002, contemporaneously with the first half of the first term of George W. Bush's presidential administration. Eve Slater would later replace him as Assistant Secretary for Health in 2001. Because he no longer held his dual office, Satcher was reverted and downgraded to the grade of vice admiral in the regular corps for the remainder of his term as Surgeon General. In 2001, his office released the report, The Call to Action to Promote Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior. The report was hailed by the chairman of the American Academy of Family Physicians as an overdue paradigm shift—"The only way we're going to change approaches to sexual behavior and sexual activity is through school. In school, not only at the doctor's office." However, conservative political groups denounced the report as being too permissive towards homosexuality and condom distribution in schools. When Satcher left office, he retired with the rank of vice admiral.

Post–Surgeon General
Upon his departure from the post, Satcher became a fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation. In the fall of 2002, he assumed the post of Director of the National Center for Primary Care at the Morehouse School of Medicine.

On December 20, 2004, Satcher was named interim president at Morehouse School of Medicine until John E. Maupin, Jr., former president of Meharry Medical College assumed the current position on February 26, 2006. In June 2006, Satcher established the Satcher Health Leadership Institute (SHLI) at Morehouse School of Medicine as a natural extension of his experiences improving public health policy for all Americans and his commitment to eliminating health disparities for minorities, the poor, and other disadvantaged groups.

In 2013, he co-founded the advocacy group African American Network Against Alzheimer's.

As of 2002, he sits on the boards of Johnson & Johnson and, as of 2007, MetLife.

Criticisms of health inequality
While acknowledging progress, Satcher has criticized health disparities. He asked the question, “What if we had eliminated disparities in health in the last century?” and calculated that there would have been 83,500 fewer Black deaths in the year 2000. That would have included 24,000 fewer Black deaths from cardiovascular disease. If infant mortality had been equal across racial and ethnic groups in 2000, 4,700 fewer Black infants would have died in their first year of life.

Without disparities, there would have been 22,000 fewer Black deaths from diabetes and almost 2,000 fewer Black women would have died from breast cancer; 250,000 fewer Blacks would have been infected with HIV/AIDS and 7,000 fewer Blacks would have died from complications due to AIDS in 2000. As many as 2.5 million additional Blacks, including 650,000 children, would have had health insurance in that year. He called on people to work for solutions at the individual, community, and policy level.

Satcher supports a Medicare-for-all style single payer health plan, in which insurance companies would be eliminated and the government would pay health care costs directly to doctors, hospitals and other providers through the tax system.

In 1990, while President of Meharry Medical College, Satcher founded a quarterly academic journal entitled the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. Both the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Medical Library Association rate this journal as one of the nation's important public health journals.

Awards and honors
He is the recipient of many honorary degrees and numerous distinguished honors, including the Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal, the 2013 UC Berkeley School of Public Health Public Health Heroes Award, an honorary Doctor of Science from Harvard University (2011), an honorary Doctor of Public Health from Dickinson College (2016), and top awards from the American Medical Association, the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and Ebony magazine. In 1995, he received the Breslow Award in Public Health and in 1997 the New York Academy of Medicine Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, he received the Benjamin E. Mays Trailblazer Award and the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Award for Humanitarian Contributions to the Health of Humankind from the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. An academic society at the Case Western School of Medicine is named in Satcher's honor, and, in 2009, he delivered the university's Commencement Address.

title: David Satcher


text:
User:Wally77

=Drafts=

C
Grabowo (German: Grabow or Grabow an der Oder) was a historical town situated on the right bank of the Oder River, north of the City of Szczecin. In the second half of the XIX century it was incorporated into Szczecin.

B
Grabowo (German: Grabow or Grabow an der Oder) was a historical village, town and neighborhood of the City of Szczecin. Today it's part of Szczecin-Drzetowo-Grabowo neighborhood.

A
Grabowo was a historical town that was situated near the City of Szczecin in 19th century. Later it was incorporated into Szczecin. After the Second World War it became official municipal neighborhood of the City of Szczecin. It was merged with another historical neighborhood (Drzetowo) and has formed present Drzetowo-Grabowo neighborhood.

=Notes=

Time line

 * September 1986: Kult album was recorded in Walter Chełstowski's Studio CCS.
 * January 1987: Posłuchaj to do Ciebie album was recorded in Studio Wawrzyszew in Warsaw.
 * Spring 1987: Paweł Szanajca (saxophone) left Kult (Gnoiński, L. 2000 p. 47).
 * July 1987: Kult album was released through Polton.
 * September 1987: Posłuchaj to do Ciebie album was released through Klub Płytowy "Razem".
 * March 1992: Posłuchaj to do Ciebie album was rereleased through S.P. Records.

Bits

 * Recording of songs "Polska", "Po co wolność" and "Totalna militaryzacja" for Kult album was refused by censorship office (Gnoiński, L. 2000 p. 42).
 * Recording of above songs for Posłuchaj to do Ciebie album was again refused by censorship office (Gnoiński, L. 2000 p. 46).
 * Band members received about 5000 pieces of Posłuchaj to do Ciebie LPs as only royalty for this release (Gnoiński, L. 2000 p. 48).

Szczecin

 * Mention tourist tram line (line number 0) as an attraction somewhere in Szczecin related article. Reference to proper tramcar article if it exists.

Shortlist of Historical Names

 * Jasenitz (Polish: Jasienica)
 * Stettin-Bredow (Polish: Szczecin-Drzetowo)
 * Stettin-Grabow (Polish: Szczecin-Grabowo)
 * Stettin-Zabelsdorf (Polish: Szczecin-Niebuszewo)
 * Ziegenort (Polish: Trzebież)

Szczecin-Grabowo
Born in Grabowo an der Oder (1850): Paul Rowald - german architect.

=Resources=

Szczecin

 * Rady Osiedli Szczecina (Polish)
 * Statut Osiedla (Polish)
 * Osiedla - liczba mieszkańców (Polish)
 * PTTK, Architektura Szczecińska (Polish)
 * (Polish)
 * (Polish)
 * (Polish)
 * (Polish)
 * (Polish)

Szczecin-Grabowo

 * PTTK, Architektura Szczecińska, Grabowo (Polish)
 * Grabowo - historia (Polish)
 * Grabowo - kościół pw. św. Stanisława Kostki (Polish)
 * Grabowo - kościół pw. św. Stanisława Kostki (Polish)

Szczecin Railroads
List of railroad connections opening dates:

http://www.bahn-in-pommern.de/strecken/strecken.htm

To verify

 * "Plany i widoki Szczecina na przestrzeni wieków.", Katalog wystawy, Szczecin 2001;
 * "Zeszyty szczecińskie" - części od 1. do 6., Publisher's 2001-2002;
 * "Szczecin na starych widokówkach" - części: 1., 4., 5., 6., 7., Szczecin 1996-1997;
 * "Plany i widoki Szczecina na przestrzeni wieków.", Katalog wystawy, Szczecin 2001;
 * "Zeszyty szczecińskie" - części od 1. do 6., Publisher's 2001-2002;
 * "Szczecin na starych widokówkach" - części: 1., 4., 5., 6., 7., Szczecin 1996-1997;

=Other=

Interesting WikiProjects

 * Music
 * Albums
 * Geography
 * Cities
 * Geography of Poland
 * Maps

Useful Articles

 * Dash

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Wally77


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Abortion in Brazil

Abortion in Brazil is a crime, with penalties of one to three years of imprisonment for the recipient of the abortion, and one to four years of imprisonment for the doctor or any other person who performs the abortion on someone else. In three specific situations in Brazil, induced abortion is not punishable by law: in cases of risk to the pregnant person's life; when the pregnancy is the result of rape; and if the fetus is anencephalic. In these cases, the Brazilian government provides the abortion procedure free of charge through the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System). This does not mean that the law regards abortion in these cases as a right, but only that women who receive abortions under these circumstances, and the doctors, will not be punished. The punishment for a woman who performs an abortion on herself or consents to an abortion performed by another outside these legal exceptions is one to three years of detention. The base penalty for a third party that performs an illegal abortion with the consent of the patient, ranges from one to four years of detention, with the possibility of increase by a third if the woman comes to any physical harm, and can be doubled if she dies. Criminal penalties fixed at four years or less can be converted to non-incarceration punishments, such as community service and compulsory donation to charity.

Brazil is a signatory of the American Human Rights Convention, also called the Pact of San José. The Convention grants the right to life to human embryos, "in general, from the moment of conception", and has a legal status on a par with the Constitution in Brazilian Law. The Civil Code of Brazil also provides rights to fetuses and embryos. In a 2008 case, however, the Supreme Federal Court ruled, by a 6–5 vote, that the right to life applies only to intrauterine embryos, and that frozen embryos not eligible to a uterus transfer do not hold fundamental rights and may be used for research purposes. In 2012, the Supreme Court also authorized the abortion of anencephalic fetuses.

On November 29, 2016, the Supreme Court in Brazil ruled in a non-binding decision that "abortion should not be a crime when performed in the first three months of pregnancy". This ruling was controversial, due to the fact that the Brazilian government had passed a bill earlier in 2016 which aimed to make Brazilian law on abortion even stricter. As of September 2023, the Court is considering a case that could decriminalise abortion up to twelve weeks; in one of her final statements before retiring as the Court's President, Rosa Weber, made a public statement stating that motherhood should be a choice and not an obligation.

History
Abortion was criminalized in all circumstances in the penal code from 1890. In 1940, the penal code provisions on abortion waived punishment on abortion in the case of rape or incest, or if the pregnant women's life was in danger. A presidential decree in 1941, as amended in 1979, banned the advertising of a process, substance, or object designed to prevent pregnancy or cause an abortion.

Statistics
The number of clandestine abortions taking place in Brazil is a controversial subject which divides anti-abortion and abortion rights activists. A study published by the International Journal of Women's Health in 2014, estimated that in Brazil about 48 thousand clandestine abortions occurs annually. Abortion rights institutes like Anis - Bioethics Institute, however, estimate a much higher number. More recent studies published in the International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics suggest that, despite Brazil's severe legislation, 500,000 illegal abortions are estimated to occur every year among women aged 18–39 years – or one in five Brazilian women.

Impact to women's health
In 2010, it was reported that 200,000 women a year were hospitalized for complications due to abortion (which includes both miscarriages and clandestine abortions). More recent figures estimate that around 250,000 women are hospitalized every year due to illegal abortion complications, or 50% of all illegal abortions estimated per year. Those figures contrast with 2–5% of women requiring medical care after an abortion in countries where abortion is legal. The majority of women admitted at hospital after an illegal abortion are uninsured, representing a government cost of more than US$10 million every year. More than 200 women die every year in Brazil, as a direct consequence of unsafe abortions. The prevalence of reproductive complications and other negative health consequences associated with illegal abortion is unknown.

Methods
In a 2005 survey, one third of the Brazilian doctors who reported having performed abortions, used dilation and curettage. They have little experience with vacuum aspiration but they are aware of it as a method. They have a general awareness of medical abortion using misoprostol (Cytotec) or other prostaglandins to induce abortion but less experience with it. Few know of newer and more effective regimens using mifepristone or methotrexate.

The 2005 survey also found considerable ignorance of Brazil's law on abortion, with only 48% of the physicians knowing that it is legal to save a woman's life and widespread confusion about fetal age limits. An earlier survey found that two-thirds of Brazilian OB-GYNs incorrectly believed that a judicial order is required to obtain a legal abortion and only 27% knew that the woman needed to make a written request to obtain a legal abortion. Those doctors cannot give accurate information to their patients.

In non-hospital settings, women's folk medicine allegedly brings on the menstrual flow rather than causing an abortion. "Two folk medical conditions, "delayed" (atrasada) and "suspended" (suspendida) menstruation, are described as perceived by poor Brazilian women in Northeast Brazil. Culturally prescribed methods to "regulate" these conditions and induce menstrual bleeding are also described, including ingesting herbal remedies, patent drugs, and modern pharmaceuticals." Some women, if financially able, will travel abroad to have abortions, with Cuba, Mexico, Guyana, Aruba, Curacao, French Guiana, and the United States being some of the countries women travel to.

Public opinion
. In a survey made in Ribeirão Preto (SP) in 2004, 70% of the Brazilian doctors responded that they didn't support the decriminalization of abortion in the country. The survey also suggested that 77% of the doctors of this region rejected the opinion that abortion should be carried out solely because of the woman's desire. Furthermore it suggested that 82.5% of these doctors also reject the legalization of abortion due to socioeconomic difficulties. Finally, in the case of a possible legalization, 17.5% of them would agree to carry it out professionally.

A March 2007 Datafolha/Folha de S.Paulo poll found that 65% of Brazilians believe that their country's current law "should not be modified", 16% that it should be expanded "to allow abortion in other cases", 10% that abortion should be "decriminalized", and 5% were "not sure".

Another poll on this issue was made in December 2010, by the polling institute Vox Populi. This study revealed that 82% of Brazilians consider that the current law on abortion should not be modified, while 14% consider that abortion should be decriminalized, and 4% declare to have no position on the matter.

In case of fetuses with microcephaly caused by Zika virus, 58% of the population expressed opposition.

Following the impeachment of former leftist President Dilma Rousseff, A survey of the Instituto Patricia Galvão, in 2017, showed that 62% of Brazilians opposed the idea of the legalization of abortion, while 26% supported the measure, another 10% could not answer. The opinion polls carried out by the Paraná Research Institute in the same year also concluded that 86.5% of Brazilians were against the decriminalization.

According to the Ibope (largest research institute in Brazil), in 2018, eight out of ten Brazilians oppose legalization. In a survey conducted in 2018, by the Datafolha Institute, 41% of Brazilians declared themselves in favor of a complete ban on abortion, 34% said they wanted to keep the legislation as it is, 16% said that they wanted to expand it to more situations and 6% said they were in favor of legalizing abortion under any circumstances. The anti-abortion view is also followed by the majority of federal deputies, which makes it virtually impossible to attempt to legalize abortion through the Legislative Branch. All of this has led the small group of abortion supporters to appeal to the Supreme Court, claiming that criminalization of abortion, "violates fundamental human precepts".

In 2021, a survey conducted by PoderData found that 58% of Brazilians are against the legalization of abortion in Brazil; those who are favorable of legalization add up to 31%. Another 11% did not know or did not respond. Another survey conducted in 2021 by Paraná Pesquisas, however, found that 79% of Brazilians remain against the legalization of abortion, and 16.6% are favorable to it.

In all the surveys carried out, in general, Brazilians are considered one of the peoples least in favor of legalizing abortion. Currently, Brazil is the biggest country in the world to ban abortion in the name of the recognition of the rights of the unborn.

Excommunication controversy
In March 2009, after an abortion on a nine-year-old girl raped by her stepfather and pregnant with twins had been performed because of the rape exception clause in Brazil’s Penal Code, Archbishop José Cardoso Sobrinho of Olinda and Recife stated that automatic excommunication had been incurred by the girl's mother and the medical team. President Lula da Silva and Health Minister José Gomes Temporão decried his statement, and the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil disowned it, saying that the mother was certainly not excommunicated and there was insufficient evidence to show that any member of the medical team was. The statement was criticized also on the Vatican newspaper by the President of the Pontifical Academy for Life. One of the doctors concerned said the controversy had drawn needed attention to Brazil's restrictive abortion laws.

Anencephaly exception
In July 2004, a Brazilian federal judge issued a preliminary ruling that waived the requirement for court authorization for abortions in cases of fetuses with anencephaly. The Brazilian Council of Bishops lobbied against the ruling and the National Confederation of Healthcare Workers wanted to make the exception permanent. In October 2004, the full Brazilian Supreme Court convened and voted 7–4 to suspend the judge's ruling until the full tribunal had the opportunity to deliberate and rule on the matter.

A 2005 study found that 53% of doctors had performed an abortion in the case of a severely deformed fetus, even though that was not allowed by Brazilian law without a court order. Doctors who thought that the law should be more liberal were more likely to have correct knowledge of abortion law and to be familiar with the abortion law regarding severe fetal malformations.

On April 12, 2012, the Supreme Federal Court ruled by an 8–2 vote to legalize abortion in cases of fetuses with anencephaly, saying that children with anencephaly were biologically alive but that they were not a person, and therefore had no rights. The Catholic Church and Brazilian Pro-Life movements criticized the decision of the court, saying that even with a terminal illness, children with anencephaly also had the right to life.

title: Abortion in Brazil


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Einselection

In quantum mechanics, einselections, short for "environment-induced superselection", is a name coined by Wojciech H. Zurek for a process which is claimed to explain the appearance of wavefunction collapse and the emergence of classical descriptions of reality from quantum descriptions. In this approach, classicality is described as an emergent property induced in open quantum systems by their environments. Due to the interaction with the environment, the vast majority of states in the Hilbert space of a quantum open system become highly unstable due to entangling interaction with the environment, which in effect monitors selected observables of the system. After a decoherence time, which for macroscopic objects is typically many orders of magnitude shorter than any other dynamical timescale, a generic quantum state decays into an uncertain state which can be expressed as a mixture of simple pointer states. In this way the environment induces effective superselection rules. Thus, einselection precludes stable existence of pure superpositions of pointer states. These 'pointer states' are stable despite environmental interaction. The einselected states lack coherence, and therefore do not exhibit the quantum behaviours of entanglement and superposition.

Advocates of this approach argue that since only quasi-local, essentially classical states survive the decoherence process, einselection can in many ways explain the emergence of a (seemingly) classical reality in a fundamentally quantum universe (at least to local observers). However, the basic program has been criticized as relying on a circular argument (e.g. by Ruth Kastner). So the question of whether the 'einselection' account can really explain the phenomenon of wave function collapse remains unsettled.

Definition
Zurek has defined einselection as follows: "Decoherence leads to einselection when the states of the environment $$|\epsilon_i \rangle$$ corresponding to different pointer states become orthogonal: $$\langle \epsilon_i|\epsilon_j \rangle = \delta_{ij}$$",

Details
Einselected pointer states are distinguished by their ability to persist in spite of the environmental monitoring and therefore are the ones in which quantum open systems are observed. Understanding the nature of these states and the process of their dynamical selection is of fundamental importance. This process has been studied first in a measurement situation: When the system is an apparatus whose intrinsic dynamics can be neglected, pointer states turn out to be eigenstates of the interaction Hamiltonian between the apparatus and its environment. In more general situations, when the system's dynamics is relevant, einselection is more complicated. Pointer states result from the interplay between self-evolution and environmental monitoring.

To study einselection, an operational definition of pointer states has been introduced. This is the "predictability sieve" criterion, based on an intuitive idea: Pointer states can be defined as the ones which become minimally entangled with the environment in the course of their evolution. The predictability sieve criterion is a way to quantify this idea by using the following algorithmic procedure: For every initial pure state $$|\psi\rangle$$, one measures the entanglement generated dynamically between the system and the environment by computing the entropy:
 * $$ \mathcal {H}_\Psi (t)= -\operatorname{Tr} \left ( \rho_\Psi(t) \log \rho_\Psi(t) \right ) $$

or some other measure of predictability from the reduced density matrix of the system $$\rho_\Psi \left ( t \right )$$ (which is initially $$\rho_\Psi(0)=|\Psi\rangle\langle\Psi|$$). The entropy is a function of time and a functional of the initial state $$\left | \Psi \right \rangle$$. Pointer states are obtained by minimizing $$\mathcal {H}_\Psi\,$$ over $$\left | \Psi \right \rangle$$ and demanding that the answer be robust when varying the time $$ t\ $$.

The nature of pointer states has been investigated using the predictability sieve criterion only for a limited number of examples. Apart from the already mentioned case of the measurement situation (where pointer states are simply eigenstates of the interaction Hamiltonian) the most notable example is that of a quantum Brownian particle coupled through its position with a bath of independent harmonic oscillators. In such case pointer states are localized in phase space, even though the interaction Hamiltonian involves the position of the particle. Pointer states are the result of the interplay between self-evolution and interaction with the environment and turn out to be coherent states.

There is also a quantum limit of decoherence: When the spacing between energy levels of the system is large compared to the frequencies present in the environment, energy eigenstates are einselected nearly independently of the nature of the system-environment coupling.

Collisional decoherence
There has been significant work on correctly identifying the pointer states in the case of a massive particle decohered by collisions with a fluid environment, often known as collisional decoherence. In particular, Busse and Hornberger have identified certain solitonic wavepackets as being unusually stable in the presence of such decoherence.

title: Einselection


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Valiant Comics

Valiant Comics is an American comic book publisher, the first incarnation of which was founded in 1989 by former Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Jim Shooter along with lawyer and businessman Steven Massarsky. In 1994, the company was sold to Acclaim Entertainment. After Acclaim’s 2004 bankruptcy, the company’s assets were purchased as part of Valiant Entertainment by entrepreneurs Dinesh Shamdasani and Jason Kothari in 2005. In 2011, Valiant received a capital infusion from private investment company Cuneo & Company, LLC. Peter Cuneo and Gavin Cuneo joined the company and a relaunch was announced.

Valiant Entertainment launched its publishing division in 2012 as part of an initiative dubbed the "Summer of Valiant", winning Publisher of the Year and being nominated for Book of the Year at the Diamond Gem Awards. Valiant has set sales records, and was the most nominated publisher in comics at the 2014, 2015 and 2016 Harvey Awards, releasing the biggest-selling independent crossover event of the decade with "Book of Death" in 2015.

Valiant was sold to DMG Entertainment in 2018. In June 2023, Valiant Comics announced a licensing partnership with Alien Books, which would take over publishing Valiant's characters.

The company's properties have been adapted to other media, including video games, digital series, and collectible figures. the character Bloodshot was adapted into an eponymous 2020 feature film starring Vin Diesel.

Voyager Communications
In 1988, former editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics Jim Shooter, Steven J. Massarsky and a group of investors attempted to purchase Marvel Entertainment. They submitted the second-highest bid, with financier Ronald Perelman submitting the highest bid and acquiring Marvel. Shooter and Massarsky instead formed Voyager Communications in 1989 with significant venture capital financing from Triumph Capital. Valiant (an imprint of Voyager Communications) recruited numerous writers and artists from Marvel, including Barry Windsor-Smith and Bob Layton, and launched an interconnected line of superhero comics featuring a mixture of characters licensed from Western Publishing and original creations.

In 1991, Valiant released its first title, Magnus, Robot Fighter, cover-dated May 1991. Solar, Man of the Atom, cover-dated September 1991 followed as the next release. Both titles were licenses from Gold Key Comics. Rai became the third title published by Valiant and was distributed as a special insert in Magnus, Robot Fighter beginning with issue 5. Harbinger No. 1 was listed on the top ten list of Wizard magazine for a record eight consecutive months and was eventually named "Collectible of the Decade" while Rai No. 0 appeared on Wizard's top ten list for a new record nine consecutive months. In 1992, Valiant won the Best Publisher under 5% Market Share from comic distributor Diamond. The next year, Valiant won Best Publisher over 5% Market Share, becoming the first publisher outside of Marvel and DC to do so. In 1992, Valiant's Editor-In-Chief Jim Shooter was given the Lifetime Achievement Award for co-creating the Valiant Universe in a ceremony that also honored Stan Lee for co-creating the Marvel Universe. However, Shooter left Valiant by the end of 1992. According to Massarsky, "Jim had a different idea as to the direction of the company, and he was asked to leave."

Valiant also engaged in several comic book-marketing innovations common in the 1990s, such as issue zero "origin" issues, the gold logo program, coupons redeemable for original comic books, and chromium covers. Following the conclusion of the "Unity" crossover in September 1992, Valiant released Bloodshot, Ninjak, H.A.R.D. Corps, The Second Life of Dr. Mirage, and Timewalker, among other titles.

Acclaim Comics
In 1994, Voyager Communications was purchased by video game developer and publisher Acclaim Entertainment for $65 million. Acclaim Comics created a number of video games based on Valiant properties, such as Shadow Man, Turok: Dinosaur Hunter, Armorines: Project S.W.A.R.M., and Iron Man and X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal, which featured Valiant's X-O Manowar alongside Marvel's Iron Man. In 2004, after losing a major sports video game license, Acclaim became financially insolvent and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

In 2005, the rights to Valiant/Acclaim's original characters such as Archer and Armstrong, Rai, and Quantum and Woody were auctioned off and bought by Valiant Entertainment, while the rights to the three licensed characters (Solar, Magnus and Turok) reverted to Classic Media (then-owner of the Gold Key Comics properties), which was acquired by DreamWorks Animation SKG in July 2012. DreamWorks itself was bought by Universal Studios on August 22, 2016.

Valiant Entertainment
In 2005, a group of entrepreneurs led by Dinesh Shamdasani and Jason Kothari raised financing and acquired the rights to the Valiant Comics library from Acclaim Entertainment's estate, forming Valiant Entertainment. In 2007, Valiant hired former Valiant Editor-In-Chief Jim Shooter to write new short stories that would accompany hardcover reprints of classic Valiant Universe stories. Two of the three collections were named among "The Ten Best Collected Editions" of their respective years of publications.. In 2011, Valiant announced that it had received a capital investment from Cuneo & Company. Former Marvel Comics CEO and Vice Chairman Peter Cuneo was named Valiant's Chairman and Gavin Cuneo became CFO and COO. Valiant then hired former Marvel editor Warren Simons as Executive Editor and former President of Wizard, Magazine, Fred Pierce, as Publisher.

In 2012, Valiant Entertainment began publishing new monthly comic books based on the Valiant Comics universe of characters.

In an event dubbed The Summer of Valiant in 2012, Valiant Entertainment launched the Valiant Comics universe with four ongoing titles, X-O Manowar, Harbinger, Bloodshot and Archer & Armstrong, one launching each month for four months. X-O Manowar premiered May 2, 2012, with the creative team of writer Robert Venditti and artist Cary Nord. The first issue of X-O Manowar received over 42,000 preorders, making Valiant the largest new publisher launch in over a decade, and eventually sold through 4 full-priced printings and 3 additional reduced-priced printings. The release of X-O Manowar was followed by Harbinger, launched in June 2012 by writer Joshua Dysart and artist Khari Evans; Bloodshot, launched in July 2012 by writer Duane Swierczynski and artist Manuel Garcia; and Archer & Armstrong, launched in August 2012 by writer Fred Van Lente and artist Clayton Henry.

To coincide with the launch of publishing in 2012, Valiant introduced the Pullbox Program, which encourages readers to start a pull box subscription for the title being launched with their comics store to obtain an exclusive alternate cover version of the comic, and the QR Voice Variant, where the reader's smartphone, after scanning a QR code on the cover of the comic, plays a video of the figure's mouth, giving the impression that the figure has come to life and is talking to the reader.

Valiant Entertainment extended The Summer of Valiant 2012 event and added a fifth ongoing title with Shadowman in November 2012 by writer Justin Jordan and artist Patrick Zircher. The comic debuted as the number 1, non-Marvel and/or DC comic of the month. That month, Valiant announced it would exclusively distribute its digital comics through ComiXology (later acquired by Amazon).

In February 13, Valiant won Comic Book Publisher of the Year – Under 4% and was nominated for Best Comic Book of the Year – Over $3.00 X-O Manowar # 1 at the Diamond Gem Awards.

In January 2013, Valiant announced that Chief Creative Officer and co-founder Dinesh Shamdasani had been promoted to CEO & Chief Creative Officer and Jason Kothari was leaving management. That March, Valiant and Kamite Announced a partnership for Spanish language publishing in Mexico.

In May 2013, Valiant announced The Summer of Valiant 2013, during which the company would launch two new ongoing titles, Quantum & Woody and Eternal Warrior, and publish a special Bloodshot zero issue. Quantum & Woody, written by James Asmus and drawn by Tom Fowler, launched in July 2013, and became the most-nominated title at the 2014 Harvey Awards. That November, Amazon announced a new license from Valiant Entertainment for its Kindle Worlds platform, Panini and Valiant announced a partnership for foreign language print and digital publishing in France, Italy, and other territories, and Valiant announced ComicCube Publishing as its launch partner in China.

Several of Valiant's launch titles reached their planned conclusions in 2014, with Harbinger, Bloodshot, and Archer & Armstrong all concluding. Valiant celebrated the milestones by publishing a 48-page anniversary issue for each series' twenty-fifth issue, and hinting at new directions for the characters. Ongoing series such as X-O Manowar, Unity, and Rai continued, and were coupled with limited series such as Harbinger: Omegas, Eternal Warrior: Days of Steel, The Death-Defying Dr. Mirage and The Delinquents. In December 2013, Valiant announced the 2014 "Armor Hunters" crossover storyline, consisting of a four-issue Armor Hunter mini-series and issues of XO-Manowar and Unity. In April 2014, Valiant announced several new partnerships with digital distributors, including Visionbooks, to distribute a form of animated Valiant comic books for digital devices. That August, Valiant joined Madefire digital comics on iOS and Android for day-and-date digital releases and digital collections, and also joined iVerse’s ComicsPlus with a complete digital comics library.

Following the conclusion of Armor Hunters, Valiant announced its Valiant Next initiative. Launching in December 2014 with the miniseries The Valiant, it continued through 2015 with the ongoing titles Ninjak, Imperium, Ivar, Timewalker and Bloodshot Reborn and the miniseries Divinity. For the summer of 2015, Valiant announced the event miniseries Book of Death, accompanied by one-shots Book of Death: The Fall of Bloodshot, Book of Death: The Fall of Ninjak, Book of Death: The Fall of Harbinger and Book of Death: The Fall of X-O Manowar and the miniseries Book of Death: Legends of the Geomancer. Book of Death was one of the best-reviewed comics of the year and the biggest selling independent crossover event of the decade. Spinning out from Book of Death, the ongoing series Wrath of the Eternal Warrior launched in November 2015.

In 2015, Valiant renewed its print distribution agreement with Diamond Distributors, making Diamond the worldwide distributor of Valiant's comics and graphic novels within comic book specialty and book markets worldwide.

In 2017, Valiant added ten new international publishing partnerships for China, India, South Korea, Pakistan and other comic book specialty and book markets worldwide.

In January 2016, Valiant announced at Valiant Summit 2016 that Valiant would spend 2016 focusing on expanding its universe of characters beyond its core titles, launching brand new characters in the Britannia and Savage miniseries; expanding Divinity in two sequels — Divinity II and Divinity III: Stalinverse; and elevating supporting characters from the Harbinger title in two new miniseries — Generation Zero and Faith. That same month, a four-issue Faith miniseries launched, garnering significant media interest, and was one of only a handful of series in the past decade to reach a fifth printing.

In July 2016, Valiant was nominated for 50 Harvey Awards, the most nominations for any publisher that year, including eight for Bloodshot Reborn.

In 2017, Valiant added ten new international publishing partnerships for China, India, South Korea, Pakistan and other international markets.

DMG Entertainment
In January 2018, it was announced that DMG Entertainment had acquired Valiant Entertainment. As part of the acquisition, it was announced that Valiant's CEO Dinesh Shamdasani Chairman Peter Cuneo and COO Gavin Cuneo would be leaving the company. On February 23, 2018, Valiant announced The Life and Death of Toyo Harada, a six-issue miniseries written by Joshua Dysart and drawn by CAFU that would be released sometime in 2019. On March 6, 2018, it was announced that Valiant's Vice President of Marketing & Communications Hunter Gorinson had left the company.

On March 8, 2018, Valiant announced it had hired Karl Bollers as an editor. On March 22, 2018, Valiant announced it had hired Mel Caylo as Director of Marketing. On April 9, 2018, Valiant announced it had hired Joe Illidge as Executive Editor as of April 5, 2018. On April 16, 2018, Valiant's editor-in-chief Warren Simons announced that he had left the company. On April 17, Valiant announced it had promoted Robert Meyers from Managing Editor to Editorial Director.

On June 7, 2018, Valiant announced they would launch four new titles under the "Valiant Beyond" banner, with Faith: Dreamside, a limited series written by Jody Houser and drawn by MJ Kim, launching in September; Bloodshot Rising Spirit, an ongoing series written by Lonnie Nadler & Zac Thompson and drawn by Ken Lashley, launching in November; Livewire, a limited series written by Vita Ayala and drawn by Raúl Allén & Patricia Martín, launching in December; and Incursion, a limited series written by Andy Diggle and drawn by Doug Braithwaite, launching in February 2019.

On July 5, 2018, Valiant announced that comics retailer Matthew Klein had joined the company as its Sales Director after previously working at the company as a Sales Manager. On July 26, 2018, Valiant announced that comic industry veteran Lysa Hawkins had joined the company as an editor. On September 13, 2018, Valiant announced it had hired Emily Hecht as Sales & Social Media Manager. On October 3, 2018, Valiant announced it had promoted Karl Bollers to Senior Editor.

On October 24, 2018, Valiant announced it had hired former intern Oliver Taylor as International Licensing Coordinator. On October 31, 2018, Valiant announced it had promoted Julia Walchuk to Sales and Live Events Manager. On December 9, 2018, Valiant announced it had promoted Matthew Klein to Vice President of Sales and Marketing. On December 11, 2018, it was announced that Joe Illidge had left the company and that Robert Meyers had been promoted to Senior Editorial Director.

On December 12, 2018, Valiant announced its "Breakthrough" lineup of first issues launching in 2019. The four titles include the previously announced The Life and Death of Toyo Harada, written by Joshua Dysart and drawn by various artists launching in March; Punk Mambo, a five-issue limited series written by Cullen Bunn and drawn by Adam Gorham launching in April; Fallen World, a five-issue event series written by Dan Abnett and drawn by Adam Pollina featuring the character Rai launching in May; and Killers, written by B. Clay Moore and drawn by Fernando Dagnino launching in July. Two days later, the company announced it had hired Editorial intern Drew Baumgartner as Assistant Editor and Zane Warman as Domestic Licensing Coordinator.

On January 7, 2019, Valiant announced it had hired former JHU Comic Books manager Dani Ward as its Sales Manager. On January 9, 2019, Valiant announced it had hired former Marvel assistant editor Heather Antos as an editor. The following month Valiant announced an ongoing Psi Lords series written by Fred Van Lente and drawn by Renato Guedes that will launch in July 2019. This would be followed in subsequent months by announcements of new series. On March 14 Valiant announced a new Bloodshot ongoing series would launch in September 2019, written by Tim Seely and drawn by Brett Booth. The series would launch with a one-shot written by Seely which will be released on May 4, 2019 as part of Free Comic Book Day. The first three issues will be collected and released as a trade paperback in December to coincide with the release of the Bloodshot movie on February 21, 2020. On April 17 editor Heather Antos announced on Twitter that a new X-O Manowar ongoing series would launch in November 2019, written by Dennis Hopeless and drawn by Emilio Laiso. On July 11 it was announced that a four-issue Ninjak miniseries written by Cullen Bunn and drawn by Ramon F. Bachs would debut that October.

On July 30, 2019, Valiant announced it had hired Kat O'Neill as Live Events & Sales Manager. On August 13 Valiant announced a new Rai ongoing series would launch in November, written by Dan Abnett and drawn by Juan José Ryp. On September 17 Valiant announced a five-issue The Visitor mini-series would launch in December, written by Paul Levitz and drawn by M.J. Kim. Three days later, the company hired Legendary Comics Co-Founder/Senior Editor Greg Tumbarello as Editor to develop new properties and advance existing IP.

On October 1, 2019, Valiant announced a new Quantum & Woody series would launch in January 2020, written by Chris Hastings and drawn by Ryan Browne. Two days later, the company revealed that the character Faith Herbert would be featured in a series of Young adult prose novels co-published with HarperCollins imprint Balzer + Bray. The first novel, FAITH: Taking Flight, written by author Julie Murphy, would be released in early 2020. On October 30 Valiant released a teaser image featuring the bird logo of Harbinger on a blue background, with the hashtag #Valiant2020 on the bottom.

On November 12, 2019, Valiant announced that a new version of Doctor Tomorrow would be debuting in a self-titled ongoing series that will launch in February 2020, written by Alejandro Arbona and drawn by Jim Towe. On November 18 Valiant announced that President of Consumer Products Russell Brown, who had been with the company since January 2013, had left in order to take up the position of Senior VP of Entertainment at Authentic Brands Group.

On March 11, 2020, Valiant announced that Heather Antos and Lysa Hawkins had been promoted to Senior Editors. That July, Valiant announced it had hired former Marvel and Top Cow editor David Wohl as a senior editor. On August 17, the company indicated that it would restructure the company, bringing its publishing, TV and film divisions closer together and moving its New York offices to another location within the city, with editor David Wohl working out of the Los Angeles offices of DMG Entertainment.

In August 2020, it was reported that Valiant, which had been one of the earliest comic book publishers to go into lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, had chosen to permanently close its Manhattan office, and have its employees work remotely.

By June 2023, Valiant Comics' output had slowed over the course of the preceding year to one monthly title, X-O Manowar Unconquered, with another title, Ninjak Superkillers, scheduled to debut later in the year. That month, the company announced a licensing partnership with Alien Books, which would see that publisher take over publication of Valiant comics, graphic novels and trade paperback collections.

Audio
In August 2014, Valiant partnered with Pendant Productions to produce audio dramas based on their comic books. The first of these, Archer & Armstrong: The Michelangelo Code, was released in 2016.

Film and television
In 2014, Valiant and Sean Daniel Company announced that they were collaborating to produce an Archer & Armstrong movie.

In March 2015, Valiant signed a partnership agreement with DMG Entertainment which included a nine-figure investment for film and TV adaptations of the Valiant characters. That May, Valiant announced a partnership with Sony Pictures to produce five films based on the Bloodshot and Harbinger comic books. The films would be set in a shared universe, which would be launched with Bloodshot, to be co-produced by Original Film, and culminate in a crossover film, Harbinger Wars. The rights for Harbinger would later be acquired from Sony by Paramount Pictures in 2019.

In March 2017, it was announced that Valiant was developing a Quantum and Woody TV show with the Russo Brothers. It was later announced the TBS was developing the series as a franchise. That June, it was reported that Reginald Huldin, Director of Marshall and former President of BET, was set to write and direct Valiant's Shadowman, while J. Michael Straczynski would executive produce.

In March 2018, it was announced that Vin Diesel would star as the title character in a Bloodshot feature film adaptation. The film was released on March 13, 2020, 31% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. That July, Sony Pictures announced it was developing a movie based on the Valiant character Faith Herbert, with Maria Melnik writing the screenplay. That December, it was announced that a Dr. Mirage drama was being developed by the CW network.

In November 2020, it was reported that a sequel to Bloodshot was in development with Vin Diesel to again play the title character.

Digital series
In 2015, the first Valiant Summit was broadcast from Twitter's San Francisco headquarters. The Valiant Summit 2016 was broadcast live on Twitch from New York City's UCB Theatre.

Season 2 of the game show Valiant Vanquished began streaming on Twitch in March 2017. It was based in the world of Catalyst Game Labs' Valiant Universe role playing game. The following month, the third Valiant Summit was broadcast on Twitch TV.

On April 21, 2018, Bat in the Sun Productions and Valiant Digital released the web series Ninjak vs. the Valiant Universe on ComicBook.com, featuring Michael Rowe as Ninjak.

Video games
Acclaim Entertainment produced numerous video games based on Valiant characters. The games were produced for various console and mobile platforms from PlayStation, Nintendo and Xbox. These games included Iron Man and X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal, Turok: Dinosaur Hunter, Turok: Battle of the Bionosaurs, Turok 2: Seeds of Evil, Shadow Man, Turok: Rage Wars, Armorines: Project S.W.A.R.M., Turok 3: Shadow of Oblivion, Shadow Man: 2econd Coming and Turok: Evolution.

In December 2019, Valiant announced a partnership with Blowfish Studios to create multiplatform video games featuring Valiant characters.

Consumer products
In 2012, Valiant announced a partnership with Rittenhouse Archives for collectable trading cards.

In 2013, Valiant partnered with the merchandising company Cinderblock partnered to produce apparel.

In March 2014, Valiant and Catalyst Game Labs announced a partnership for New Line of Comic Book-Based Tabletop Games. That May, Valiant partnered with Pendant Productions to produce audio dramas based on their comic books. The first of these, Archer & Armstrong: The Michelangelo Code, was released in 2016.

In 2015, Quarantine Studio launched a collectable Bloodshot statue.

in 2016, Pop! Vinyl debuted a figure of Faith "Zephyr" Herbert.

In February 2017, the Vans Warped Tour announced it was teaming with Valiant, which would provide all the artwork and branding for the tour's summer 2017 season. That September, Build-A-Bear produced a bear based on Valiant's Bloodshot character.

In 2019, McFarlane Toys introduced a Bloodshot action figure.

Awards and recognition

 * Valiant was named "Comic Book Publisher of the Year – Under 4%" by Diamond Comics Distributors in the Diamond GEM Awards in 2013.
 * Valiant was named "Best Publisher" by Ambush Bug, Matt Adler and The Dean of Ain't It Cool News in Day One of the 9th Annual "AICN Comics @$$IE Awards" in 2013.
 * Valiant was named "Best Publisher 2012" by Sheldon Lee of Comic Impact in the "Best of 2012" awards in 2013.
 * Valiant was named "Best Publisher" of 2012 by Joel Rickenbach of Mania in "The Best Books of 2012" article in 2013.
 * Valiant was named "Most Effective Relaunch (This Decade)" by the staff of ComicsAlliance in the "Best Comics of 2012" column in 2013.
 * Valiant was voted number 1 in the "Which Comic Publisher's Output in 2013 Were You Most Thankful For?" poll on Comic Book Resources in 2014.
 * Valiant was named "Item to Watch for 2014" by Rob McMonigal of Newsarama in "The Best of Best Shots 2013" column in 2013.
 * Valiant was named "Best Publisher" by Optimous Douche and Ambush Bug of Ain't It Cool News in its 10th Annual AICN COMICS 10th Annual @$$IE Awards in 2014.
 * In 2014, Valiant was nominated for 16 Harvey Awards, that recognize outstanding work in comics and sequential art.
 * In 2015, Valiant led the Harvey Awards as the most nominated publisher with 20 nominations.
 * In 2016, Valiant again led the Harvey Awards as the most nominated publisher with a total of 50 nominations.
 * In August 2016, the one millionth copy of Valiant’s X-O Manowar comics was enshrined in the Geppi’s Entertainment Museum, the world’s comics and pop culture hall of fame, located in Baltimore’s historic Camden Yards complex.

title: Valiant Comics


text:
Talk:List of Yu-Gi-Oh! characters

Comment

 * It's somewhat obvious why Pegasus' name was changed in the dub.

How is it obvious? At least I don't understand. --Sam Hocevar 23:03, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I don't know either. Some anon put that there back when the info was at "Yu-Gi-Oh!". WhisperToMe 23:10, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

After some thinking, it might be due to "Cinthia Crawford"'s resemblance with "Cindy Crawford". Definitely not obvious. The same sentence is used in Pegasus_J._Crawford. --Sam Hocevar 23:15, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Dark Yugi
Never has he been referenced that way on the show or any canon. I'm changing it, it doesn't make sence.

Never mind, now I get it.

Spoilers, maybe?
Finding out the true name of the Pharaoh is supposed to be a big part of the final plot, both in the manga and the anime. Revealing it seems kind of like it'd be a spoiler, doesn't it?

Yes and it is our job on Wikipedia to do so. Notice the spoiler tags. WhisperToMe 20:26, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Japanese First English Second?
I'm curious, why are the Japanese names put before the English names? Although the Japanese names came first, the English audience is accustomed to the English names in which this is an English Wikipedia. This leads me to believe that this Wiki was created and maintained by a group of idealistic traditionalists who reject the English naming conventions as this is the first anime I've come across that is still heavily publicized to not put the English names before the Japanese names. Cadwal 07:05, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Those are the English manga names. VIZ Media publishes Yu-Gi-Oh! manga with the original Japanese names. WhisperToMe 14:23, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The anime is far more popular and well known than the manga, so the anime English names should be used. I support any editor who decides to fix this order to show this.  TJ   Spyke   22:19, 7 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with TJ Spike. Although I generally prefer the original names, WP:TITLE says to use the most commonly used name. English speakers are much more familiar with the English anime names. The English anime, card game, and video games use the 4Kids names. The manga is less popular than them. Minor fans and people who know of the series, but aren't fans rarely know of the Japanese version/English manga names. It's only the more extreme that use the original names. Wikipedia is meant to be written, so that it can be read by an English speaking audience, who are not already overly familiar with the subject. -- Deltaneos (talk) 20:16, 5 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The original version (manga) does have precedence over the anime, even if the anime was initially introduced to the West before the manga was.
 * But even then one cannot prove that the anime is more popular now. The statement "It's only the more extreme that use the original names." is not provable, and in fact is contradicted by the fact that the manga is widely sold. The YGO manga is not obscure.
 * Plus using the 4Kids names complicates talking about many of the media that never came to the West, like the 1998 anime
 * It is far, far easier using the VIZ manga names.
 * WhisperToMe (talk) 00:37, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

assement downgrade
This list does not really have structure, much info beyond short blurbs about each character, no real lead, real-world signifigance, references. Nothing.

Shadi?
This character has a significant arc early in the manga, with an implied later return and several mentions during Duelist Kingdom. I haven't gotten much further than that in the manga and lost track of the anime during early Battle City, but I did watch the final duel in the anime, and as the ancient whatever-it-is place collapses after Atem is freed, what looks like Shadi's ghost appears. So, what the heck ever happens to him and why isn't he important enough to appear in this article? From their descriptions some of the included characters seem far less important. --98.217.181.54 (talk) 23:28, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

 * My mistake! That was my fault and I forgot to add him back when I merged the other articles. Feel free to add him back :D RedEyesMetal (talk) 21:45, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Name Consistency
The consistency of the names is a bit of a mess. Most characters are listed under their japanese names, yet some others (Alister, Pegasus, Rebecca) are listed under their english names.IchiGhost (talk) 10:53, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
 * In Yu-Gi-Oh! we have three continuities to juggle. They all use different names. So...
 * Pegasus's 4Kids name is used in the English manga. His name is unusual in that way, since most English manga names match the Japanese names.
 * Rebecca and Pegasus only appear in the second anime series.
 * WhisperToMe (talk) 21:47, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I am not sure about Pegasus but the other two can be explained. The reason we used the Japanese names in most cases is because the English Manga (the primary work) used the original names for most characters. The other two characters (Rebeca and Alister) were from filler arcs so they did not exist in the Manga. That being the case those characters did not have their original names in english media like the other characters did. In short, in most cases we used the original names because the primary version did but that was not the case for some characters so we used the dubbed names the only official names in english media).--76.66.180.54 (talk) 05:12, 30 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The English manga mostly uses Japanese names. WhisperToMe (talk) 21:46, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * What's worse is, it appears as though consistency isn't being kept within the characters' own articles themselves. The Main characters, Yugi, Jonouchi, Honda, and Anzu for example, have their names listed primarily as their japanese names, but their articles keep switching back and forth between Japanese names and dub names.  This should really be fixed. 65.203.128.130 (talk) 01:13, 25 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Where?
 * The parts that use the "Japanese names" (in reality, corresponding to the English manga) take place:
 * In the manga only
 * In the manga AND 1st anime
 * In the 1st anime only
 * In the manga AND 2nd anime
 * In the manga and BOTH anime series
 * The parts that are "dub names" should be 2nd anime only arcs.
 * WhisperToMe (talk) 21:46, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

Article protection
this article really needs to be protected from all the ppl who ad Abridged Series info. anybody know how to do that?IchiGhost (talk) 18:15, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup?
Okay, some revisions need to be made on this article. First of all, where's Shadi? There was a section on the talk page saying someone could add him back in, but he's still not included. Second, what about the 7 Sacred Guardians section? Akhenaden has a redirect to the same page, and is listed under 'Antagonists' (which I understand, but it seems like the wrong section). And Mahad-- his information is not only in both sentences and fragments, but he was made into an entire section. There aren't even any other Sacred Guardians mentioned (unless you count the brief mention under Ishizu and on Seto's page). Finally, why is Kuriboh listed as a character? It has its own section on the list of cards, and doesn't belong on this list. This is all I have to say, and I hope I don't sound whiny. Please respond. 173.73.121.96 (talk) 22:33, 2 March 2011 (UTC)Anonymous Reader

 * I've added in more information from the original manga, as well as characters that are missing from the article, such as Shadi. Also recently removed Kuriboh from the list of "characters".

Frankly I think it's not intuitive to take names from the primary work with priority when the article doesn't even delve into the original narrative. I do wonder if the priority on the English editions counts as a form of censorship since we're withholding information that the author originally intended. I, at the very least, think we should talk about all mediums of the series in both its original versions and localizations. Maybe people who are familiar with only the English version of the anime might learn something new about its origins. Just my two cents. Yuugiking (talk) 03:18, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Edit request from 62.194.190.170, 25 July 2011
It's hard to believe that this line hasn't been spotted after so many fixes of the page but here it is:

3.2 - Sugoroku Mutou Last sentence of the first alinea: "He chops off people's hands and replaces them with much larger ones."

This is an obvious reference to a yugioh-abdridged manga episode where the creator of the series shares his ideas about the fact that Sugoroku keeps chopped hands in his store shelves and why the humans in the manga have huge hands.

Even though I like the abridged series I don't think this line should be here, please remove it.

Thank you ;)

62.194.190.170 (talk) 02:21, 25 July 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅. I don't know anything about Yu-Gi-Oh!, but this seems reasonable to me. Feezo (send a signal | watch the sky) 04:48, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

Naming of characters (2024 explanation)
To clarify, there are three different continuities for the original Yu-Gi-Oh! series:
 * Original manga by Kazuki Takahashi, published by VIZ Media in English, which uses Japanese names for the majority of the human characters (except Pegasus). Example: Katsuya Jonouchi.
 * The 1998 anime by Toei Animation, which never received an official English dub. Adapts Volumes 1-7 of the manga only.
 * The Studio Gallop anime, which was released by 4Kids in English, with that version using its own dub names. Mostly adapts after Volume 7 of the manga, and it is by a different company than the 1998 anime. Example: Joey Wheeler

Each of these three versions has its own continuity and plotline, though there are points in all three that are common to each other, and/or are similar.

While most English language Yu-Gi-Oh! media uses the 4Kids naming (which includes English language video games and films), the manga published by VIZ is of the original version by Takahashi, and it would be inappropriate to call the characters in the original manga plotline by dub names that are never used in that English version. This is why I prefer using VIZ naming to usually describe the characters, regardless of whether these names are more commonly used in English (unless it is for plotlines that only happen in the Studio Gallop anime or in English adaptations of video games, films, etc). Of the non-English versions of the manga, I only know of the Brazilian Portuguese version by Editora JBC to use the 4Kids names.

One may notice that the image of the characters on the top uses the 4Kids names. I kept it that way because the image is directly from ''Duel Art: Kazuki Takahashi Yu-Gi-Oh! Illustrations'', which was published in English by Udon Entertainment, a different manga company. In that book, Caleb D. Cook, the translator, used "Joey Wheeler" (and so logically the 4Kids names are in play there). Meanwhile, VIZ Media never published the bunkobans (which the image came from). Therefore I retained the 4Kids names in the image description, while the lead uses the Japanese naming (to reflect the VIZ version). WhisperToMe (talk) 06:12, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Just noticed on the second to last page of the English Duel Art book (the guide explaining the duel art exhibited in most of the book) that the names "Maximillion Pegasus" and "Mai Kujaku" are used. The first character is an exception in VIZ's naming, where the company did use the 4Kids name for the character (while with almost all other human characters VIZ uses the Japanese names). Mai Kujaku is known as Mai Valentine in 4Kids/most English media, and based on how the Duel Art book uses Joey Wheeler in various places (and page 54 uses "Solomon" and "Duke Devlin"), this seems to be an oversight in the translation... WhisperToMe (talk) 06:36, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Yu-Gi-Oh! characters


text:
User talk:Wally77

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 23:06, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Zapraszam
Polish Wikipedians' notice board--Witkacy 11:39, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

New articles about albums by Kult
Hi. I've noticed that you contributed to Kult-related articles. I've just started articles about Ostateczny krach systemu korporacji and Muj wydafca. I'd appreciate your revision. Thanks. Jogers 21:54, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll try to help you in your effort. Unfortunately it won't be possible before the end of this month, as I have to get by project deadline in real life (at work). Kult template looks good IMO. --Wally77 13:51, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks. I'll try get the articles about the remaining Kult albums started by this time. Jogers 15:07, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wally77


text:
Atomic Jam

Atomic Jam is a techno event in the United Kingdom. Its home is the §Q Club, a converted Birmingham Methodist Church. The club, a three-storey red brick and terracotta Grade II* listed building with a distinctive tower, has a capacity of at least 1,500.

Overview
The event was founded in Birmingham, UK in 1995 with the first event at the Que Club, Corporation Street, Birmingham in August of that year. Richie Hawtin headlined the event.

The club continued at the Que Club every month until 2003, apart from a break in the summer, with the birthday nights taking place in August or September. In 2003, the Que Club closed, leaving Atomic Jam without a home. The event moved firstly to The Sanctuary in Digbeth and then to the Custard Factory before its original venue was re-opened.

After 5 years, Atomic Jam's original venue the Que Club has reopened as the Q Club. It was announced in early May 2008 that Atomic Jam would return to the venue in the last quarter of that year, and the 13th birthday event was held on 22 November 2008, and another event was held on 7 March 2009.

The 14th birthday will be held at the Q Club on 21 November 2009.

Music policy
The music at Atomic Jam is techno in the main room, advertised on the flyers as 'techno and beyond'. Big international DJs and live acts play, backed up by residents Chris Finke and Ade Fenton who play sets at different times of the night. The music always reflects the current trends of techno and the booking policy is a mix of new talent and big established acts.

Room two is drum and bass and dub step, sometimes hosted by Broken Minds and featuring the likes of Grooverider, Andy C, Optical, and Jumping Jack Frost.

Room three has been recently

Room four is the Breakbeat / Electro room hosted by residents Brothers Bud, which over the years has welcomed the likes of Dave Clarke, Radioactive man and Billy Nasty dropping purist Electro sets.

DJs
Atomic Jam has introduced many of the major and minor players on the techno scene to its clubbers, and is renowned for the quality of its resident DJs. The current residents are Chris Finke and Mark Broom.

 * Selected list of techno DJs who have played at Atomic Jam:
 * Cari Lekebusch
 * The Advent
 * Dave Angel
 * Adam Beyer
 * Joey Beltram
 * Steve Bicknell
 * DJ Bone
 * CJ Bolland
 * Catena Mundi (Lc ReVox)
 * Dave Clarke
 * Colin Faver
 * Funk D'Void
 * Richie Hawtin
 * DJ Hell
 * Oliver Ho
 * Robert Hood
 * Holy Ghost
 * Nathan Gregory
 * Ignition Technician
 * Valentino Kanzyani
 * Neil Landstrumm
 * Chris Liebing
 * Chris Liberator
 * Derrick May
 * Jeff Mills
 * Joe Mull
 * Billy Nasty
 * OVR (Regis & James Ruskin)
 * Gaetano Parisio
 * Trevor Rockcliffe
 * Rolando
 * DJ Rush
 * James Ruskin
 * Daz Saund
 * Ben Sims
 * Slam
 * Luke Slater
 * Space DJz
 * Speedy J
 * Suburban Knight
 * Surgeon
 * Sven Väth
 * Umek
 * Claude Young
 * DJ Skull
 * Colin Dale
 * Joey Beltram
 * Gayle San
 * Juan Atkins
 * Tony Work
 * Duncan Disorderly
 * Rebekah

Live Acts
Over the years live acts have appeared at Atomic Jam, adding a more improvised feel to the music. Eat Static were the most regular of these, although they have been absent since 2003. Other live acts that have appeared are Bandulu, Green Velvet, Technasia, Speedy J and Radioactive Man.

Special events
In 2002, Atomic Jam hosted an arena as part of the Godskitchen Global Gathering, offering techno from 4 pm until 7 am. It is also part of Drop Beats Not Bombs which also operates at the Custard Factory. In the past decade Atomic Jam has held nights at The Depot in Bristol, Turnmills in London, the Marcus Garvey Centre in Nottingham and at various universities around the midlands.

title: Atomic Jam


text:
User talk:RobPlatt

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 23:06, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:RobPlatt


text:
Valiant

Valiant may refer to:

People

 * James Valiant (1884–1917), English cricketer
 * The Valiant Brothers, a professional wrestling tag team of storyline brothers
 * Jerry Valiant, a ring name of professional wrestler John Hill (1941-2010)
 * Jimmy Valiant, a ring name of professional wrestler James Harold Fanning (born 1942)
 * Johnny Valiant, a ring name of professional wrestler Thomas Sullivan (1946–2018)
 * Leslie Valiant (born 1949), British computer scientist and computational theorist
 * Valiant Swart, South African Akrifaans folk singer born Pierre Nolte in 1965

Fictional characters

 * Valiant (Caminhos do Coração), a character in the Brazilian soap opera Caminhos do Coração
 * Valiant, the title character of the comic strip Prince Valiant
 * Eddie Valiant, one of the main characters in Who Censored Roger Rabbit? and its film adaptation, Who Framed Roger Rabbit

Places

 * Valiants Memorial, a military memorial in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Military

 * HMS Valiant, various Royal Navy ships
 * Valiant-class submarine, the first fully British class of nuclear fleet submarines
 * Valiant-class ship of the line, two Royal Navy sailing ships
 * USS Valiant, various United States Navy ships
 * USCGC Valiant (WMEC-621), a United States Coast Guard cutter
 * Valiant-class harbor tug, a class of US Navy yard tugboats that entered service in 2009
 * Valiant tank, a British Second World War tank design
 * Vickers 131 Valiant, a British biplane bomber
 * Vickers Valiant, a British jet bomber
 * Vultee BT-13 Valiant, a World War II-era basic trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps
 * Project Valiant, a cancelled Indian secret ballistic missile project

Vehicles

 * HMC Valiant, a customs cutter of the UK Border Agency

 * Plymouth Valiant, an automobile manufactured by the Plymouth division of Chrysler Corporation from 1960 to 1976
 * Chrysler Valiant, an automobile manufactured by Chrysler Australia from 1962 to 1981
 * Velocette Valiant, a British motorcycle made by Velocette

Fictional vehicles

 * USS Valiant, the initial but discarded name of USS Defiant, in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine series
 * USS Valiant, a spaceship in the Star Trek second pilot episode "Where No Man Has Gone Before"

Film

 * The Valiant (1929 film), a part-talkie movie starring Paul Muni
 * The Valiant (1962 film), directed by Roy Ward Baker
 * Valiant (film), a 2005 film about British homing pigeons

Television

 * "Valiant" (Merlin), second episode of the British television series Merlin
 * "Valiant" (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), an episode of the American television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and a starship in the episode

Music

 * Vince Vance & the Valiants, an American country pop and rock and roll musical group
 * Valiant Records, a 1960s independent record label acquired in 1965 by Warner Bros.

Literature

 * Valiant Comics, a comic book publisher
 * Valiant (comics), British comic published between 1962 and 1976
 * Valiant (novel), Valiant: A Modern Tale of Faerie, a 2005 urban fantasy novel by Holly Black

Other uses

 * The Valiant (play), a 1924 one-act stage play
 * The Valiants, nickname of the British football club Port Vale F.C.
 * Los Angeles Valiant, professional esports team of the Overwatch League

title: Valiant


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Git

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was disam.. Already done. Woohookitty 00:50, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Git (software)
The current page shows an obscure usage of the word "Git", which is primarily a british slang term. It should be deleted to make way for a defintion, or a disambiguation page with a link to the definition. The page GIT, which is a disambiguation page for acronyms, should be merged with it. Artw 6 July 2005 20:31 (UTC)

 * Disambig Git should be moved to Git (SCS) or something like that. Lets avoid systematic bias towards geeky subjects, pop culture, and pop culture geeky subjects, and treat this one fairly. Gmaxwell 6 July 2005 20:42 (UTC)
 * Provisional keep--does the British slang term deserve an article? If it's merely a slang word, perhaps not. We can keep this, assuming that the slang term doesn't need an encyclopedia article. Meelar (talk) July 6, 2005 21:14 (UTC)
 * No, it's already at Wiktionary. →Raul654 July 6, 2005 21:36 (UTC)
 * That it is.. and we should provide a nice link to it from the disambig page that belongs at that name as is normal. Gmaxwell 6 July 2005 22:12 (UTC)
 * Disambig--It's a 500 year old slang term - I'm pretty certain that given the chance an article can be gotten out of it. If not then Git should be used for a disambig page with the link to the Wikctionary being the first item. The current article is pretty Linux-specific and not at all what most non-Linux people would expect to see if looking for "Git", I see no reason not to move it to Git (SCS). --Artw 6 July 2005 21:59 (UTC)
 * Um... you're the guy who started this vote for deletion in the first place. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 22:17 (UTC)
 * Oops, sorry, didn't realise the first post counted as a vote. Please don;t take that as a sneaky attempt to vote twice or anything. --Artw 6 July 2005 22:23 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wiktionary will be just fine for describing the meaning and etymology of the word. There are thousands of words more than 500 years old, and absolutely no reason to clutter Wikipedia with them unless they are extremely special. - Fredrik | talk 6 July 2005 21:43 (UTC)
 * I don't see anyone using that argument for replacing the pages for Hot or Cold with definitions for software tools (or Fanfic aliens) that happen to have that name. Definate Americancentric / Linuxcentric bias going on here. --Artw 6 July 2005 21:59 (UTC)
 * I've changed my mind about this not being special enough (based on the comments of others). However, there is absolutely no reason for the present article to be deleted. This should have been brought up at Requested moves. - Fredrik | talk 6 July 2005 23:52 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is a important Version control system. --cesarb 6 July 2005 21:50 (UTC)
 * Disambig. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 22:17 (UTC)
 * Disambig. What's the harm in having a disambiguation page?  That way Linux users can find their term, and Brits can find theirs.  "Git" is probably in the top 5 Brit-specific slang terms, and as such an important part of everyday culture. --Unsigned comment by User:Vizjim.
 * Disambig. Don't be such a git, it's a very common word out here. Unsigned comment by User:Max Kon.
 * Disambig, obviously. Dcarrano
 * Move to "git (computing)" or the like, redirect git to git (disambiguation)? No reason to delete the page, or make things too confusing, but it's certainly not the dominant use. Shimgray 6 July 2005 23:51 (UTC)
 * "x" should never redirect to "x (disambiguation)". If "x" needs to be disambiguated, the page called "x" should be the disambiguation page. Fredrik | talk 6 July 2005 23:57 (UTC)
 * Strange; was sure I'd seen this before. Perhaps it was just a temporary measure when I encountered it. Shimgray 6 July 2005 23:58 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you've seen the opposite; it's common to redirect "x (disambiguation)" to "x" when the disambiguation page is at "x". --cesarb 7 July 2005 00:10 (UTC)
 * Keep. This certaintly isn't the way to sort out an issue over disambiguation, which the proposer of this votes for deletion wants. -- Joolz 7 July 2005 00:54 (UTC)
 * Agreed, every single vote (including the nominator's) is to "keep" (disambig is a special case of "keep"). --cesarb 7 July 2005 00:58 (UTC)
 * Unfortuantly now that it's up for VfD, so it shall remain for five days, so the disambiguation which the nominator actually wanted is going to have to wait awhile. -- Joolz
 * If you go look at the talk page of Git, and the edit history of GIT (the disambig) you'll see why it was sent here. An RFC would have been more correct, but this is getting the outside attention it needed as well. Gmaxwell 7 July 2005 02:58 (UTC)
 * What's the point of this VfD? Who wants to delete this? Vote for Deletion is not a place to discuss if we rename the article, turn it into a disambig or do something else. -- Taku July 7, 2005 02:59 (UTC)
 * Disambig makes sense. - FrancisTyers 7 July 2005 07:55 (UTC)
 * Note: article was moved to Git (software). --cesarb 14:29, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Git


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Robert A. Whitney

Robert Arthur Whitney, Jr. (born July 27, 1935) is an American veterinarian and public health administrator. He served as acting surgeon general of the United States from July to September 1993.

Biography
Whitney was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He received his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Oklahoma State University in 1959 and his master's in pharmacology from Ohio State University in 1965. A career United States Public Health Service officer, Whitney was appointed deputy surgeon general on September 1, 1992. Since 1971, he held a number of positions of increasing responsibility in the National Institutes of Health. From 1989 to 1992, he was director of the NIH National Center for Research Resources.

Prior to joining the PHS, Whitney was director of the U.S. Army training program in laboratory animal medicine and served a year in South Vietnam (1970) as commander of a veterinary medical detachment.

He retired from the USPHS in 1994, and co-founded "Earthspan", a non-profit organization dedicated to advanced technologies to conserve biodiversity, ecosystems, and environmental health. Whitney served as president of Earthspan, until his retirement in 2008.

Whitney is a diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine and served as chief veterinary officer of the Public Health Service from 1985 to 1989. His awards include the U.S. Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal and the Legion of Merit for his US Army service.

title: Robert A. Whitney


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Kyōtango

Kyōtango (京丹後市) is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 52,683 in 22,886 households and a population density of 110 persons per km². The total area of the city is 601.43 sqkm.

Geography
Kyōtango is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan on the western side of the Tango Peninsula in the northwestern corner of Kyoto Prefecture. The entire area of Kyōtango is in the eastern part of the San'in Kaigan Geopark.

Neighbouring municipalities
Kyoto Prefecture
 * Ine
 * Miyazu
 * Yosano

Hyōgo Prefecture
 * Toyooka

Climate
Kyōtango has a Humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kyōtango is 15.4 C. The average annual rainfall is 1899.1 mm with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.9 C, and lowest in January, at around 5.3 C. Its record high is 37.9 C, reached on 22 August 2018, and its record low is -5.9 C, reached on 26 February 1981.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kyōtango peaked around 1950 and has been slowly declining since.

History
The area of Kyōtango was a major cultural center during the Yayoi and Kofun periods, and had direct trade contacts with the Asian mainland. Numerous burial mounds were constructed, including the Amino Chōshiyama Kofun, which is one of the largest kofun on the coast of the Sea of Japan. The Mineyama neighborhood was the center of ancient Tanba Province in the early 8th century, and became the center of Tango Province after that province was separated from Tanba in 713. During the Muromachi period, the area was under the control of the Isshiki clan, who were replaced by the Kyōgoku clan by the Edo Period Tokugawa shogunate. A cadet branch of the Kyōgoku clan ruled Mineyama Domain until the Meiji restoration, with some portions of the area under the direction control of the Shogunate and ruled from the Kumihama daikansho in the Kumihama neighborhood. The villages of Amino, Tango and Yasaka

With the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 the villages of Mineyama and Omiya (in Naka District), Amino, Tango, and Yasaka (in Takeno District), and Kumihama (in Kumano District) were created. All were subsequently raised to town status. The 1927 Kita Tango earthquake caused major damage in the region and killed around 3,000 people. The city of Kyōtango was established on April 1, 2004, from the merger of these six municipalities with the former Mineyama town hall as the new city hall. Naka, Takeno, and Kumano Districts were dissolved as a result of the merger.

Government
Kyōtango has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 22 members. Kyōtango contributes one member to the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kyoto 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Military facilities
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force maintains a facility in the city called the Kyogamisaki Sub-Base. It is part of the Basic Air Defense Ground Environment. The Kyogamisaki Communications Site, a USFJ missile monitoring station, is located nearby.

Economy
Kyōtango has mostly a rural economy based agriculture and commercial fishing. Mineyama, now part of Kyōtango, has a close connection with the Hagoromo legend. The Kumihama area is well known for its many hot springs, while Amino is one of the major producers of Tango Chirimen cloth.

Education
Kyōtango has 17 public elementary schools and six public middle schools operated by the city government and five public high schools operated by the Kyoto Prefectural Department of Education. A campus of the Kyoto Institute of Technology and a campus of the Kyoto Seika University are also located in the city.

Railway
Kyoto Tango Railway – Miyazu Line
 * Kyōtango-Ōmiya - Mineyama - Amino - Yūhigaura-Kitsu-onsen - Shōtenkyō - Kabutoyama - Kumihama

Highway

 * JP Expressway E9.svg San'in Kinki Expressway

Sister city relations

 * 🇨🇳 Bozhou, Anhui Province, China, since October 11, 2006

National Historic Sites

 * Akasakaimai Tumuli
 * Amino Chōshiyama Kofun
 * Shinmeiyama Kofun
 * Hakoishihama Site
 * Ubusunayama Kofun

National Place of Scenic Beauty

 * Kotohiki Beach

Notable people from Kyōtango
Kyōtango was home to Jiroemon Kimura who was born in the city in 1897. He was the world's oldest living man since April 2011, the oldest living person in Japan since December 2011 and as of December 17, 2012, was the world's oldest verified living person. Kimura lived in Kyōtango his entire life and was said to have recollections of the 1927 earthquake. He spoke of his memories of surviving the earthquake on his 114th birthday. On December 28, 2012, Kimura became the oldest verified man in history, but he died on June 12, 2013.

Other people who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Kyōtango include:

 * Shinsuke Nakamura (born 1980, in Mineyama), professional wrestling star.
 * Kenji Inoue (born 1976, in Amino), bronze medalist for Wrestling at the Summer Olympics in 2004.
 * Kyōgoku Takatomi (born 1835), a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period, who ruled the Mineyama Domain of Tango Province.
 * Michiko Shimizu (born 1970, in Amino), retired long-distance runner who mainly competed in the 5000 metres. She finished fourth at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
 * Sosuke Takatani (born 1989, in Amino), amateur middleweight freestyle wrestler.
 * Yosuke Tagawa (born 1959, in Ōmiya), actor, tarento, and former idol singer.
 * Katsuya Nomura (born 1935, in Amino), baseball player and manager.
 * Shoko Hamada (born 1986, in Kumihama), tarento, gravure idol, and race queen.
 * Unchain, rock band formed in Kyōtango in 1996.

title: Kyōtango


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User:Kweh!

Kweh! just check out my edits to find out my interests. A mystery wrapped in an enigma wrapped in a vest.

title: User:Kweh!


text:
Vyatka (river)

The Vyatka is a river in Kirov Oblast and Tatarstan in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kama. It is 1314 km long, and its drainage basin covers 129000 km2.

The Vyatka begins in the northern parts of Udmurtia. It freezes up in the early November and stays under the ice until the second half of April. The Vyatka teems with fish: bream, roach, tench, sheat fish, pike, European perch, zander, etc.

The Vyatka is navigable from its mouth to the city of Kirov, 700 km upriver. Kirov was formerly known as Vyatka after the river before it was renamed by the Soviet government in 1934. The main ports are Kirov, Kotelnich, Sovetsk, and Vyatskiye Polyany.

Tributaries
The largest tributaries of the Vyatka are, from source to mouth:

 * Belaya (right)
 * Kobra (right)
 * Letka (right)
 * Belaya Kholunitsa (left)
 * Cheptsa (left)
 * Velikaya (right)
 * Bystritsa (left)
 * Moloma (right)
 * Pizhma (right)
 * Voya (left)
 * Urzhumka (right)
 * Kilmez (left)
 * Shoshma (right)

title: Vyatka (river)


text:
Talk:Takagi existence theorem

Some sources say Takagi already proved principalization and some say that Artin and Furtwangler did. I'm going to try to find out.

title: Talk:Takagi existence theorem


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Talk:Whitewater

Untitled
I made a substantial change to this page because it had the usual east coast bias towards rivers in the west. Having been a guide on both coasts (CA and WA in the west, W.Va. in the east), I've run most of the rivers mentioned in the original article and just want to say that the rivers on both coasts are fun and require the same skill, until you get to the big water rivers, which require a diffrent set of skills. To say one coast requires more technical expertise than the other is based on a lack of knowledge of what is available on both coasts.

Plus, this was only about the US,the rest of the world has some amazing rivers to run. It would be nice to get some descriptions of those in here.srlasky 23:15, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)
 * The U.S. section need work. It does not provide a balanced overview - still neglecting the West Coast, no mention of Alaska, Midwest, etc. Not written from NPOV and too personal a style. Rmhermen 23:24, Mar 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this article still needs a serious overhaul. In particular, the "guidebook-like" sections are getting long, and they're of spotty quality. In the US, New York, Washington state, and Maine (which together comprise over 700 whitewater runs!) have no mention at all; nor do I see Nepal or Corsica, both famous worldwide as paddling destinations.
 * If all those "omissions" were corrected, the article would blow up to...well, to encyclopedic size. I'd recommend separating out the "guidebook-like" sections to individual articles focused on whitewater in the referenced regions. I don't expect to get to that, myself, anytime soon.--RattBoy 10:42, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey I'm going to add some stuff about the different types of features found on whitewater rivers as well as break the classification of rivers (the numbering system) into seperate catagories for each of the levels 1-6.I havn't done this very often so if I screwup any of the formating sorry about that, but looking at the comments section I don't think that I will have too much competition fixing this thing up oh how should disclaimers be done or what should we do about the whole liability thing? anyone know? --Stranger 20:44, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

well I decided to add a section on the the science behind white water. hopefully I'll be able to add some kind of scientif reasoning to whitewater. oh I'm also going to add a section for related articles --Stranger 09:35, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

Biobio river, Chile
I recently added a section mentioning loss of Whitewater rafting venue for this river, with the result that " Neutrality of Article is questioned". I am not a whitewater rafting person but still felt it was a sad situation that such a venue was lost. I would welcome any input as whether or not my words were POV, Biobio river..(refer also discussion for this article) with view to modifying, if necessary. If anyone has knowledge of that trip it would also be useful. Conce 00:08, 2005 August 19 (UTC)

Maybe what would be appropriate would be a section at the bottom of white water rivers section that discussed the lose of white water rivers and covers the whole Damn opperators VS Kayakers thing as well as some of the other issues that white water kayakers face when trying to get access to rivers. See American Whitewater  -Stranger

Propose merge with Rapid
Same content. Detailed description of classification will be moved to the matching section. Redirect Rapid to Whitewater. P199 15:22, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Hydraulics?
I believe the correct (or most commonly used) term is a hole. I am a whitewater kayaking instructor and have paddled in many countries and have never heard this term used. In kayaking; Hydraulics is a brand of kayaking equipment, namely Buoyancy aids. Bennyboyz3000 11:10, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * "Hydraulic" is considered a more formal term for what is commonly referred to as a "hole." If you search on "whitewater hydraulics," which I just did, you'll find 186,000 hits. There's a potential for confusion with the term, "hole." Anglers, in the US at least, use that term to refer to flat areas with little current and no whitewater features, where fish are likely to congregate (i.e., "fishing holes")—pretty much exactly the opposite of the way that whitewater paddlers use the word! Other than the brand name (which I've never heard of; is it sold in the US?), "Hydraulic" has the advantage of being unambiguous.
 * I note that the Hole (River) article which you link to mentions "souse holes." I've never heard that term used, except in old whitewater books. Searches on that term (or the related "souse hole") turn up relatively few hits. I believe it's an archaic term.
 * Your use of the word "correct" in your edit summary is a bit dogmatic. And considering the broad use of the term, "Hydraulic," in whitewater sports, I think your obliteration of the word from the article was ill-advised.--HughGRex 14:49, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * BTW, "stopper" is almost universal in the UK. Alansplodge (talk) 22:07, 27 September 2013 (UTC)

Split proposal
I propose to split off the list of whitewater rivers and make it into a separate article (List of whitewater rivers). It is already getting quite long, and a separate article no longer needs to be limited to just the notable or famous whitewater rivers. It could become a comprehensive resource for people who are only interested in whitewater locations. -- P199 14:06, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Remember 18:48, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It's just cluttering up the page. Plus, almost every other topic on Wikipedia also does this: Main Page about subject, then separate page for list of items relating to subject. DevAnubis 13:00, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It would be a nice resource with subs for each river with descriptions of runs on each river.Ryanx7 06:20, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * We've got to be careful NOT to become a river guide book though... there are books and sites for that (and Wiki's too). Descriptions of the rivers, and main/prominent features, popularity, culture references, ect should be fine... just not guides. DevAnubis 09:17, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Split done! -- P199 14:48, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Classification of whitewater
Hello, I believe that the description under Classification of whitewater does not correspond to International Scale of River Difficulty. For example, class 2 - "Skill Level: Basic Paddling Skill" surely is not true speaking about anything else than big inflatable rafts which are really hard to sink (so you do not have to control it at all). Between class 2 and 3, there is the limit for solid (laminate, plastic) open canoes, you really have to know how to "read" the water, how the boat will interact with it, and how to get the boat on the correct path and under correct angle. I mean, this is really much more than simply to be able to move ship forward and turn left/right, which I would describe as "basic skills". In addition, I guess an opposition to whitewater should be mentioned - I do not know how to say it in English (that is why I visited Wikipedia ...), but in Europe, it is commonly reffered as "ZW" from German "Zahnwasser". --62.40.79.66 12:30, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi. That's misunderstanding. Things you talk about - ZW and hard limit for open canoes between WW II and WW III - are part of Inernational Canoe Federation classification (aka "Alpen system"), not American Whitewater Association scale. Also note the difference in naming "Class 1" vs "WW I" etc. This article uses AWA's scale. Be aware that "International" in its name means that Americans use it for describing rivers all over the world, not that other nations would use this system (to my best knowledge, all of Europe plus Russian parts of Asia, and also Australia use the ICF classification). --kavol, 213.175.37.10 (talk) 08:20, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

Scouting rapids
The article Scouting rapids should be merged and redirected to Whitewater. It is just a copy of material already here and if we delete the redundancy and irrelevant material, there is nothing left. It could never become a decent article because it would describe how to scout and that would violate WP:NOTGUIDE. -- P 1 9 9 • TALK 01:02, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Whitewater. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150722232134/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/white+water?q=whitewater to http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/white%2Bwater?q=whitewater

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:50, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Archive is of 403 to a 404. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 17:03, 2 October 2015 (UTC).

 * All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 17:12, 2 October 2015 (UTC).

 * I am reverting the external link added to the Colorado whitewater network. I'll assume good faith but can't see a reason why this should be listed in the external links section.  If I am wrong please discuss. Ryanx7 (talk) 21:37, 12 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whitewater