text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rick Barsky

Rick Barsky
This article lists elections in which this person was a candidate for various parties and was not elected. The same information would appear on the election results pages where appropriate. The article appears to be non-notable and was marked for cleanup. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Big iron (talk • contribs) 22:36, 28 September 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. As a general rule, I'd suggest that anyone who runs in a Canadian general election is eligible for an entry on Wikipedia.  This page needs a cleanup; it doesn't need to be deleted.  CJCurrie 00:15, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I presume if this person had run for office on a Star Trek episode it would be fine to keep them. The Recycling Troll 04:46, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I would say as a rule that running for election does not make you notable. I could stand in the next General Election in the UK - apart from the fact I'd lose my deposit and it would be a waste of time, there is nothing to stop me (as you can tell by looking at the loonies that stand in UK by-elections). That wouldn't make me notable. If the most notable thing he has done is not be elected, delete. Average Earthman 10:01, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Forgot to say - he didn't lose by a bit, he lost massively. Getting 841 votes isn't impressive when the winner gets over 11,000. Average Earthman 10:07, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Average Earthman. --Improv 12:31, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it - this person was on the ballot in a real election. That's notable enough. Intrigue 19:45, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wiki is the only place you'll find this info. the world needs a place for these people.Kevintoronto 20:59, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Running for election three time and losing very very easily in all of them is not notable. As Average Earthman said, almost anyone can run for election. If Average Earthman can find 6 mates to nominate him and has the cash for the deposit, I look forward to not voting for him in the next UK election. If someone can find something else interesting that he's done, I'll change my mind. Jongarrettuk 22:00, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep but add more info such as ridings he's run in and perhaps vote totals. Running in federal and provincial elections is "notable" enough for a reference, particularly if he's prone to run again thus avoiding dead links in future election articles. AndyL 22:53, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Running in an election is not especially notable. Running in a federal election with no chance of winning is no more notable than running as a fringe candidate for mayor of a very small town with no hope of winning. Jallan 16:39, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete As Jallan. GWO 18:24, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I notice a certain trend around VfD: unelected political candidates for minor parties are notable for their candidacy alone, if they're American. Ten minutes of searching gave me Beau Gunderson, Jerry Kohn, Tim Smith, Tom Bailey, Andrés Soto, Gayle McLaughlin, Nicole Sarmiento and Rick Griffin, and I'm sure countless others would show up if I kept looking. But if they're Canadian, watch the deletes come out of the woodwork. Keep as equally notable to anyone on that list, or VfD that list too. Bearcat 00:12, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you feel they are not notable, nominate them for VfD. Average Earthman 08:42, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Earl Andrew 21:13, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:EURion constellation

Wired magazine
Is it fair to say that the article appeared in Wired Magazine, when it only appeared on the Wired News website?

Photoshop
The article says that Photoshop refuses to proccess banknotes, this isn't true, it just doesn't print them. +Hexagon1 (talk) 09:40, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Fixed it myself, because no-one apparently cares. +Hexagon1 (talk) 02:37, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well done; one of the tenets of Wikipedia is to Be Bold, which you've demonstrated excellently. dewet|™ 06:30, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yaaay! I wiiiin! I wiiiin! Well, not really, I fixed it because everyone is too apathetic to even respond. But there still ought to be some award I should get. :) +Hexagon1 (talk) 13:50, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Pictures of the constellation
I just stumbled across this page, and it really fascinates me. Does it violate law, or otherwise present a problem, to show zoomed-in pictures of where the EURion code appears on modern-day currency? After all, the description of the constellation in regards to US currency was somewhat vague, considering how many digits of 0 there are on the bills... Athenor 06:58, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * See the CBCDG rules for currency image use website. However, I think we have already enough good pictures of the constellation in the article. It was already difficult to arrange the existing images such that the article keeps a reasonable layout on different browsers and column widths. I would advise against adding even more pictures to this already very well-illustrated article. Markus Kuhn 08:52, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Here is a picture of a 500 € note with a zoom on the constellation. Maybe it could replace the image of the 10 € note.
 * http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild:Eurion.jpg

It still seems a bit anarchically destructive to even publicize this, unless it was already widely known to counterfeiters and helps inventors who want to prevent counterfeiting. I'm also wary of a page that so highly commends Markus Kuhn and was discussed (maybe edited) by Markus Kuhn. That seems to be a direct contravention of Wikipedia rules, which decry self-promotion and even editing of pages about friends or family. I'd really like some administrators or sysops to weigh in on this, but I'm not certain how to go about it. Thecurran 08:36, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Are you saying that it would improve the quality and accuracy of this article if I deleted any particular contribution of mine? If so, which particular edit are you concerned about? Or are you, in effect, simply saying that you strongly prefer people mentioned in articles to make their contributions anonymously, rather than under their real name? Markus Kuhn 11:57, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * He's saying it's a COI for you to edit here, and he's correct. 76.22.32.86 (talk) 16:36, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The article does say "technical details [..] are kept secret", so I assume that while the general idea might be known to counterfeiters the exact details (positions, ratios, etc) are not. Anyway, the pattern on a USD note is already visible (unless there's another one hidden in a special ink or something). Jimw338 (talk) 03:16, 4 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm fairly sure wiki policy is that wiki is not censored. I know of no policy that wiki is not anarchically destructive so... is this even a problem from an editting standpoint? 50.38.32.222 (talk) 04:23, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

"Discovered" ?
Markus Kuhn "discovered" it?

This is, to me, a bit misleading. EURion was designed by other people. Markus was just the first public member to realise its existence. True? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Igitur za (talk • contribs) 12:35, 9 March 2007 (UTC).

How is "realizing the existence of" a thing different from "discovering" it? Isn't that what the word means? Consider the etymology. The Omron rings were an industry secret. They were hidden, they were "covered" in secrecy. Markus (apparently) un-covered, which is to say dis-covered them. 203.13.3.89 (talk) 03:33, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

British Pound
British Pound or Pound Sterling? I'd prefer the second, but if there is a standard within numismatics, or another Wikipedia policy I should be aware of then I'm willing to be purseuded otherwise. --Neo 09:48, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

"Orion"?
Crux, the "Southern Cross", seems more apt. This "EURion" has five points; less than the 7 points that are usually left as a minimum to describe Orion; 3 on the "belt" and 4 on the corners. The "dagger" and "head" are often included to make 9 points. Besides, Orion's corner's are quite rectangular, unlike the more kite-shaped "EURion". Crux, on the other hand, is more kite-shaped, is known for 5 stars, is extremely useful in navigation, & is featured on the national flags of Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Samoa. Why not name it after Crux, which is geometrically much closer, much more important to the countries of the world, and much more important in astronavigation? Crux has also been seen by every human's ancestors, if one goes back enough; it was even known to the ancient Greeks before millennia of precesssion in Centaurus. This means Crux kind of belongs to humanity, while euros don't even cover Western Europe, let alone its continent, Eurasia, or the world. Thecurran 08:36, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

 * If the article is correct, then I think you're about five years too late in your suggestion. After all; it is just a name and the discoverer really has a right to call it whatever he wants. --Neo 09:41, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Personally, I like the name, it sounds disgusting, and it's about a security feature to randomly make photocopiers not work. I'd like to see how exactly I would need to draw circles on someone's test to prevent the English department from photocopying it.  I wonder if any books are printed with this security feature.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.116.134 (talk) 18:16, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Kind of like an "Ugly T-shirt", William Gibson-style? ;) I'm actually curious as to if there's a move away from purely black and white (read: Infrared, also)cameras thanks to the IR LED trick.  Simply add a color filter and it'll no longer be effected by invisible radiation, but sadly at the cost of sensativity.  The constellation was obviously chosen because of geometric properties.  It has no need for odd frequency hacks (it works on existing sensors assemblies) but depends on a pretty unlikely pattern outside of money.  Another trick I've read about is that scanners have 2-line sensors and that you can find hidden patterns in a series of individual pixels with very little CPU power.  Kind of like the 32-bit error-correction coding on the old NASA space probes.  71.196.246.113 (talk) 05:34, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Markus on Markus
This is in response to the comment in Talk:EURion_constellation by User:Markus_Kuhn (MK) that begins with "Are you saying that...". I was not completely certain that MK was the same Markus Kuhn lauded in the article or that MK ever editted the article as opposed to just participating in the discussion. I am now quite sure that MK is that Markus Kuhn and that MK editted the article at least in the period, 19:13, 10 December 2004 - 08:46, 29 July 2006.

I think all Wikipedians should try to follow Wikipedia's rules, which currently ask us to refrain from offering original research, from editing pages personally about ourselves, and especially from promoting ourselves. I think MK should edit MK out of the article, explain with reference to an article (preferrably an academic journal, but at least something widely read) not written by MK or associates how MK contributed to this field, or otherwise lower MK's importance in it.

Some partiality may be inevitable in all expositions but we endeavor to lower it to a level agreeble to most of the community. I think the partiality presented in this article lauds MK quite highly and presents a conflict of interest strong enough to dissuade MK from editting. I think that's why the Wikipedia rules I noted were made. Discussing seems fine to me though. I don't encourage MK to edit this article even anonymously as long as MK is listed in the article & MK's contributions are poorly documented. I would hope all of us show can show the self-restraint appropriate to the rules.

Perhaps MK's contributions are well supported and properly referenced now. I would like to learn of the progress in this matter as well as the legality of publicizing this information in the first place. Thecurran 16:22, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * For the record:
 * Fact: I did create the name "EURion constellation" in February 2002. I have never heard any claim that this term was used by anyone else earlier.
 * Fact: I have never heard anyone explain the purpose of this pattern earlier.
 * Fact: The first academic meeting where I presented my finding that the five circles that I had copied from a 10 euro note did cause a Xerox color photocopier to refuse the page as a banknote is quoted correctly.
 * The existing article before my first edit mentions that the name was coined in 2003 by Markus Kuhn. I did correct the date and I have no idea where the 2003 came from. I did provide a reference of the corrected date in form of a link to the original presentation slide that I had prepared in February 2002.
 * I added my surname a second time to rephrase the existing sentence "The EURion constellation was first detected on the new Euro banknotes", because it seemed obvious that this sentence referred to reports that I had first noticed the constellation on a 10 euro note (where it is most prominent), and because I considered the vagueness of passive voice a much greater sin than the risk of being accused of shameless self-promotion. Right or wrong?
 * As an academic, I feel that giving and receiving proper credit is important.
 * I made numerous other contributions to the article (not all of which survived) that were not directly related to my person and which I'd be happy to justify in detail, time permitting.
 * So let me ask you again, what exact surviving edit (please provide a link to the diff) are you objecting to, if any? The question about whether you prefer me to make my edits anonymously was of course a rhetorical hint inviting you to consider the unintended consequences of your approach, namely to consider that since determined self-promoters simply hide her tracks by editing anonymously, if you chase self-promoters on Wikipedia simply by matching names, you most likely merely end up hassling and discouraging honest, innocent, valuable contributors, rather than finding any real perpetrators.

 * Having said that, should you still think that my name appears (in consideration of the above facts) far too prominently and inappropriately (please be detailed and specific), then I'd be happy to provide alternative formulations. But I would appreciate if we could focus on the words in the article and not whether their authors revealed their identity or decided to remain an anonymous sockpuppet. Markus Kuhn 03:20, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * First off, I didn't mean to offend you. In many ways, I'm still a newbie. I hadn't checked the refences at the bottom. I'm much more used to seeing references interspersed throughout academic articles referring to footnotes or the bibliography. The lack of that gave me a feeling that this wasn't such a serious article and I think I was right to be alarmed about the chance of self-promotion when I noticed your name in both places.
 * I also still agree with the remark that "discover" is an inappropriate term. Cristoforo Colombo didn't discover the Americas and neither did the Aleut, the Rapanui or Leifr Eiríksson. The same goes for James Cook, the Torres Strait Islanders, the Malays, or Willem Janszoon of Australia. Modern history books reflect the precedence of the earlier discoverers even if they did not forge widespread permanent public knowledge in the rest of the world. I will change this word to made the discovery known to the public, because I feel only the inventors of the EURion deserve to be acknowledged as its discoverers, while I acknowledge you as the inventor/coiner of the term and as responsible for making knowledge of it prominent. Does that sound fair? Thecurran 01:23, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The term discovery seems most commonly used in the sense "observing or finding something unknown to one's culture". You seem to use a more narrow definition, along the lines of "observing or finding something unknown to any human being". None of the cultures or communities that I interact with or am a member of (computer scientists, academic security researchers, steganography researchers, Internet users, banknote users, photocopier users, etc.) seems to have known about the purpose of these circles in early 2002. They still seem to be considered a well-guarded secret among companies and organizations involved in banknote and copying-machine production; my attempts to get NDA-free access to the official specification have not been successful (beyond being told off-the-record that the OMRON company was involved in some way and that the circles also encode the identity of the issuing bank somehow). Anyway, I certainly find "uncovered" just as acceptable as "discovered". Markus Kuhn 10:03, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm glad we found an agreement. It seems that discovery may have a broader definition in Europe. In former European colonies like AU, CA, NZ, US, and ZA, discovery has a negative charge from the old, racist attitudes that first European explorers were the only important discoverers and that the previous inhabitants were people of lower value. I understand now that you weren't using the same narrow sense and I apologize for getting so agitated. Onya,m8Thecurran 12:30, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

A similar, fictional anti-counterfeit mechanism
This is a bit OT but the similarity of "...later noted simple integer ratios between the squared distances of nearby circles..." reminded me of something similar written about by sci-fi author Jack Vance. From my memory of reading his books, a long time ago at that, his fictional banknotes were protected by scoring (inverted ridging) across their width, from the end of the note, at a distance proportional to any four square roots of the first eleven primes. Trivia I grant, but fyi anyhow. 86.156.213.85 (talk) 21:23, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Hungary
Could somebody please indicate or verify the sources stating that Hungary has been using the EURion constellation on the 500 forint notes? I'm from there, and I've never seen a Hungarian note with the EURion circles on it, and I do pay attention to them. I checked the National Bank's website's |page on Banknotes, and there is nothing that would specifically say that there was a security upgrade, the announcement of which is official MNB policy. I also checked Ron Wise's Banknoteworld.com, but there was no image of a "new and upgraded" 500 forint note. Ron's site is usually very up-to-date. As I could not find anything to prove the validity of the information on the article, I recommend it for correction. George Adam Horváth (talk) 08:30, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

See. The circles are under the MNB logo.--Egrian (talk) 12:05, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Omron anti-photocopying feature
I have found the Reserve Bank of India has officially used the term Omron anti-photocopying feature. Since EURion constellation is a made-up word by a third party, it's better to rename this article.

The International Bank Note Society uses Omron rings. It sounds better than Omron anti-photocopying feature, but the society is a non-profit organization for paper money collectors and has no official status.

According to Owen Linzmayer of Banknote News, Omron rings is a common name and many central banks call it Omron security feature, but I cannot find an official source. - T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 10:41, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

More info & other sources

There's a few references at the bottom of that first post.

72.184.227.106 (talk) 23:15, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Bold?
Why exactly are some of the countries and currencies in the table in bold? A p 3 rson ‽   20:19, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I think it's because all denominations of that country's notes contain the feature. -- Arwel Parry (talk) 21:16, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Seems to be. I added a note at the top of the table to indicate this. Zabacad (talk) 04:55, 2 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I edited the note as it's not about the country itself. For example, all Belgian currency now uses Eurion, but the Belgian Franc itself won't be in bold because the Euro replaced it before all banknotes were redesigned. I also added a footnote to indicate that a given currency has been replaced. 193.191.221.220 (talk) 08:05, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

What does 'recent' mean?
The use of the word 'recent' in the 'Other banknote detection systems' is meaningless unless the date of the entry is known and even then would be vague. I suggest someone who knows the actual date inserts it.Jerry (talk) 10:50, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

"used for"

 * Research shows that the EURion constellation is used for color photocopiers and is likely not used for computer software.

Does "used for" mean "recognized by", or what? —Tamfang (talk) 07:58, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

on a birth certificate now!
Florida puts this awful thing all over the top and bottom of a birth certificate. Xerox won't even scan/fax it.

Meanwhile, insurance companies can demand a birth certificate copy be faxed to them. In short, you're screwed until you can find obsolete equipment that is still in working order. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.89.71.42 (talk) 03:40, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

 * 50.38.32.222 (talk) 04:20, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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Software / Hardware triggerd on EURion
Is there a list of software (or hardware) that reacts on the EURion symbol? All software I could quickly test seem to don't care 5.94.51.122 (talk) 20:27, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Potentially unnecessary suffixes for Indian Rupee currency note values?
Is it really necessary to include the /- suffix after each value for Indian Rupee in the table? Ashwin18 (talk) 22:20, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

EDIT: Removing them myself since the last edit on this talk page was no less than 3 years ago. If anyone feels it's necessary feel free to add it back and/or discuss. Ashwin18 (talk) 22:22, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:EURion constellation


text:
Instituto Superior Técnico

The Instituto Superior Técnico (IST, also known as Técnico, and stylized TÉCNICO LISBOA; English: Higher Technical Institute) is the school of engineering and technology of the University of Lisbon. It was founded as an autonomous school in 1911, and was integrated into the Technical University of Lisbon (now part of the University of Lisbon) in 1930. IST is the largest school of engineering in Portugal by number of enrolled students, faculty size, scientific production and patents.

IST has three campuses, all located in the Lisbon metropolitan area: the Alameda campus in Lisbon, the Taguspark campus in the Oeiras municipality, and the Tecnológico e Nuclear campus in the Loures municipality. The school is divided in 11 departments that are responsible for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Each department is organized in sections, which group together specific subjects within its scientific area. In addition, the laboratories of the several departments support the teaching and research activities carried out at IST.

IST is a member of several university partnerships, including CLUSTER, CESAER, T.I.M.E., TPC, and the ATHENS Programme.

History
The Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) was created from the split of the Lisbon Commercial and Industrial Institute (IICL) into two schools. Following the implantation of the Republic in Portugal in 1910, Alfredo Bensaúde, a professor of Mineralogy and Geology at the IICL, was invited by Manuel de Brito Camacho, Minister of Development in the Provisional Government, to create and lead a new technical school, as part of nationwide education reforms. A decree approved on 23 May 1911 and published in the Diário do Governo declared that the IICL would be split into two schools: the Instituto Superior do Comércio (current Lisbon School of Economics and Management) and the Instituto Superior Técnico. Alfredo Bensaúde was the first director of the IST, a position he held from 1911 to 1920. He implemented its first pedagogical program, which had five engineering courses: mining engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and chemical-industrial engineering. Under his direction, there was an investment in theoretical-practical teaching where workshops and laboratories, as well as the library, played an essential role. He also noted for recruiting foreign teachers, which he considered to have an essential role in organizing some of the courses.

The first facilities of the IST were located in the Rua da Boavista in Lisbon. In 1927, Duarte Pacheco became director of the IST and started the project for a new campus for the school. He requested the design to architect Porfírio Pardal Monteiro, who counted with the collaboration of Luís Benavente, a fellow architect, in the project. The construction of the Alameda campus started in 1928 and was finished in 1935, with the inauguration happening the following year. IST became the first academic institution in Portugal with its own campus. In the meantime, in 1930, IST became part of the newly created Technical University of Lisbon. In 1948, the IST hosted the "Fifteen Years of Public Works" exhibition, an event organized by the Portuguese State to exhibit the new infrastructures built in the first 15 years of the Estado Novo. The statue of a woman holding a square and compass, by Salvador Barata Feyo, placed in the northern side of the campus, is a sculpture from this exhibition that was permanently added to the Alameda campus.

Between 1952 and 1972, 12 study centres were established in Portugal, three of them at IST, in the fields of Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy, and Electronics. These centres were responsible for promoting faculty training and scientific qualification through doctoral studies in universities and research centres abroad.

In 1970, the minimum period for obtaining a bachelor's degree decreased from six to five years, and the number of students enrolled at IST significantly increased. During the 1970s, scientific research at IST also has a major increase, through the creation of the Interdisciplinary Complex building in 1973, which gathered together various autonomous research units.

During the 1990s, more engineering courses, including Master and PhD degrees, were added to IST's curricular offer. The facilities in the Alameda campus had the greatest expansion in this decade, with the construction of the Civil Engineering and Architecture Pavilion and the North and South towers.

In 2000, IST inaugurated a new campus in the municipality of Oeiras, specifically in the Taguspark, the first Portuguese science and technology park. In the academic year 2006-2007, the Declaration of Bologna was successfully implemented for all IST programmes, reducing the time to obtain a bachelor's degree to three years. In 2012, the Tecnológico e Nuclear campus was added to the IST, following the discontinuation of the Technological and Nuclear Institute.

Today IST is involved with several of Portugal's research, development and technology transfer institutions and offers a vast number of degrees in science and engineering areas, at undergraduate, master and doctoral levels. IST is also part of several networks and international programmes to promote student mobility, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Campuses and facilities
The IST has three campuses: the Alameda campus in Lisbon, the Taguspark campus in the Oeiras municipality, and the Tecnológico e Nuclear campus in the Loures municipality.

Alameda campus
The Alameda campus is the primary location of the IST. It was inaugurated in 1936 as the first dedicated university campus in Portugal. It is located in the freguesia of Areeiro, in Lisbon.

The campus originally had 7 buildings. Throughout the years, new buildings were constructed inside the campus, expanding the facilities of the IST. Some of the buildings added after 1936 include:

Currently the campus has a total of 26 buildings. Apart from lecture and research buildings, it includes a dedicated canteen building, a building for the students' association, playing fields for sports, an indoor swimming pool, and a kindergarten.
 * The Interdisciplinary Complex, opened in 1973;
 * The Civil Engineering and Architecture Pavilion, opened in 1993;
 * The North Tower, opened in 1994;
 * The South Tower, opened in 2000;
 * The Social Action Pavilion, opened in 2003.

Taguspark campus
The IST inaugurated a second campus in the Taguspark, a science and technology park in Porto Salvo, in the Oeiras municipality, in 2000. The campus consists of a main building, a sports field and a hall of residence.

Taguspark is located about 14 km to the west of the Alameda campus. A free shuttle bus service connecting the Alameda and Taguspark campuses is available for exclusive use of the IST community.

As of the academic year 2023–2024, three bachelor's degree programmes and five master's degree programmes are lectured in the Taguspark campus.

Tecnológico e Nuclear campus
The Tecnológico e Nuclear campus was added to the IST in 2012. It is located in Bobadela, in the municipality of Loures, about 9 km northeast of the Alamada campus. Prior to its addition to the IST, the campus belonged to the Technological and Nuclear Institute (Portuguese: Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear), which was extinguished in December 2011 by governmental decree.

The campus contained the only nuclear reactor in Portugal, which was used for more than 50 years for scientific research. The reactor was stopped on 11 May 2016 and dismantled in 2019.

As of the academic year 2023–2024, two master's degree programmes use the facilities in this campus: Radiation Protection and Safety, and Science and Technology for the Cultural Heritage.

Halls of residence
IST has two official halls of residence for its students:

 * The Eng. Duarte Pacheco residence, located in the freguesia of Parque das Nações, which opened in 1998 for students in the Alameda campus.
 * The Prof. Ramôa Ribeiro residence, located in the Taguspark campus, which opened in 2013 for students in this campus.

Education
As of the academic year 2023–2024, IST offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the following domains:
 * Aerospace engineering
 * Applied mathematics and computation
 * Architecture
 * Biological engineering
 * Biomedical engineering
 * Chemical engineering
 * Civil engineering
 * Computer science and engineering
 * Data science
 * Electrical and computer engineering
 * Electronics engineering
 * Engineering physics
 * Environmental engineering
 * Industrial engineering and management
 * Materials engineering
 * Mechanical engineering
 * Mining and geological engineering
 * Naval architecture and ocean engineering
 * Telecommunications and informatics engineering

IST is also actively involved in several networks and international programs to promote student mobility, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Through a large number of agreements with other institutions worldwide, IST students can join double degree programmes and joint PhD programmes with universities in Europe, the United States, Brazil, and Israel.

Affiliations
IST is a member of several academic and scientific networks and associations, including:

 * Advanced Technology Higher Education Network (ATHENS)
 * Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER), a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe
 * Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research (CLUSTER), a network of leading European universities of technology
 * Heritage Network, a network of European and Indian technical higher education institutions
 * Magalhães Network, a network of European, Latin American and Caribbean universities
 * Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities (PEGASUS)
 * Sino-European Engineering Education Platform (SEEEP), a collaboration between the members of CLUSTER and Chinese universities in the areas of science, technology and engineering
 * Top International Managers in Engineering (T.I.M.E.)

Student activities
Students of the IST have a variety of groups and activities that they can join.

Students' association
The students' association of the Instituto Superior Técnico (AEIST, Portuguese: Associação dos Estudantes do Instituto Superior Técnico) is the organization that represents and supports the students of the IST. It was established on 11 December 1911, when the IST was just 8 months old.

In the present day, the AEIST organizes activities and initiatives in the areas of social responsibility, culture, sports, training, employability and recreation.

Sports
The IST and its students' association are represented in various sports.

The most notable sports team from the IST is the Clube de Rugby do Técnico, a rugby union club founded in 1963. The club has become three-times champion of the top-tier rugby league in Portugal (most recently in the 2020-2021 season), four-times winner of the Portuguese Rugby Cup, and winner of the Portuguese Super Cup in 1994.

The students' association competes in basketball (men/women), chess, futsal (men/women), handball (men/women), karting, padel, rugby sevens (men), squash, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball (men/women).

Tunas
The IST has three tunas:

 * Tuna Universitária do Instituto Superior Técnico (TUIST), the male tuna, established in 1993
 * Tuna Feminina do Instituto Superior Técnico (TFIST), the female tuna, established in 1994
 * Tuna Mista do Instituto Superior Técnico (TMIST), a mixed tuna based in the Taguspark campus, established in 2006

The TUIST organizes each year the International Tunas Festival of the City of Lisbon, which is held at the Coliseu dos Recreios in Lisbon.

Other groups
Notable student groups in the IST are:

 * BEST Lisboa, local group of the Board of European Students of Technology, formed in 1989 as one of the 12 founding groups
 * Diferencial, the IST students' newspaper, established in 1991
 * Formula Student Lisboa (FST Lisboa), a Formula racing engineering team that competes in Formula Student competitions, established in 2001
 * Grupo de Teatro do Instituto Superior Técnico (GTIST), the theatre group of the IST, first active from 1960 to 1971 and revived in 1992
 * JUNITEC, junior enterprise of the IST, established in 1990
 * Núcleo de Arte Fotográfica (NAF), artistic photography group of the IST, established in the 1950s
 * Projecto de Sustentabilidade Energética Móvel (PSEM), an engineering team that designs and builds electric vehicles to compete in the Greenpower racing competitions, established in 2013

 * Técnico Solar Boat, an engineering team established in 2015 that develops solar, hydrogen and autonomous boats
 * TLMoto, a sports motorcycle engineering team that competes in MotoStudent, established in 2012

Recurring events
Some of the most notable recurring events organized by students of the IST are:

 * Arraial do Técnico, a music festival that places place at the Alameda campus at the start of the academic year, organized by the AEIST
 * SINFO, a tech conference organized by a dedicated team. Takes place annually since 1993

Rankings
The University of Lisbon, which the IST is part of, is the institution represented in global university rankings. Nevertheless, the IST is represented indirectly in the rankings for the specific subjects of engineering and technology.

Employability
In an survey conducted in 2022 to 1450 postgraduates of the IST who graduated during the year 2020, 96.7% of the inquired indicated that they were employed, 80.4% reported that they got employed within 6 months of their graduation, and 73.6% indicated that they are working in their field of study.

Criticism
The IST has a reputation for the high level of difficulty of its courses, which results in a considerable number of dropouts in the undergraduate courses. Students and graduates have criticized some of the courses' programmes for being too focused on theory and lacking practical training.

A 2021 survey to the students of the IST, which gathered 1987 responses, revealed that 16% of the students felt that they had been target of moral harassment and 5% had been target of sexual harassment.

Notable alumni
IST alumni have held prominent positions in politics, research organizations and the business sector, in Portugal and internationally. Three Prime Ministers of Portugal were IST alumni, of which one (António Guterres) currently serves as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Academics, researchers and inventors

 * António Câmara (Lic. civil engineering, 1977) – researcher in virtual and augmented reality, co-founder and former CEO of YDreams, professor at the NOVA School of Science and Technology
 * Maria Amélia Chaves (Lic. civil engineering, 1937) – first female civil engineer to graduate from IST, first Portuguese woman to graduate and then work in civil engineering, and the first Portuguese female engineer to work in the field.
 * Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves (Lic. civil engineering, early 1920s) – civil engineer, inventor of the MURUS system (a precursor of current modular construction systems)
 * Pedro Domingos (electrical and computer engineering, Lic. 1988, M.Sc. 1992) – researcher in machine learning, Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington, author of The Master Algorithm
 * Mário A. T. Figueiredo (electrical and computer engineering, Lic. 1986, M.Sc. 1989, Ph.D. 1994) – academic and researcher, Distinguished Professor at IST
 * Isabel Gago (Lic. in chemical engineering, 1939) – second woman to study engineering in Portugal and first woman to teach chemical engineering in Portugal
 * João Arménio Correia Martins (Lic. civil engineering, 1976) – researcher in solid mechanics and biomechanics, professor in IST's Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture from 1986 to 2008
 * João Pavão Martins (Lic. mechanical engineering, 1976; M.Sc. computer science, 1979) – co-founder of SISCOG, researcher in artificial intelligence and full professor of Computer Science and Engineering at IST
 * Nuno Maulide (Lic. chemical engineering, 2003) – full professor of organic synthesis at the University of Vienna, Austria's Scientist of the Year 2019
 * André Neves (Lic. applied mathematics and computation, 1999) – mathematician, professor at the University of Chicago, co-solver of the Willmore conjecture and the Freedman–He–Wang conjecture
 * Arlindo Oliveira (electrical and computer engineering, Lic. 1986, M.Sc. 1989) – current president of INESC, former president of the IST (2012–2019), former director of the INESC-ID (2000–2009)
 * José Tribolet (Lic. electrical engineering, 1971) – retired full professor of Information Systems at IST, co-founder and chairman of INESC-ID
 * Manuela Veloso (electrical engineering, Lic. 1980, M.Sc. 1984) – researcher in robotics and artificial intelligence, professor at the Carnegie Mellon University

Entrepreneurs and businesspeople

 * Cristina Fonseca (M.Sc. communication networks engineering, 2011) – co-founder of Talkdesk and investor
 * Diogo Mónica (M.Sc. communication networks engineering, 2009; PhD computer science, 2015) – co-founder of Anchorage Digital
 * Stephan Morais (Lic. civil engineering, 1996) – investor, first Portuguese to be nominated a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum
 * Ernesto Morgado (Lic. mechanical engineering, 1976; M.Sc. computer science, 1981) – co-founder of SISCOG, president of Ernesto Morgado S.A., retired professor at IST's Computer Engineering department
 * Paulo Neves (Lic. electrical engineering) – former CEO of Altice Portugal (2015–2017)
 * José Bento dos Santos (Lic. chemical-industrial engineering, 1970) – businessman, trader, metals broker, cook and gastronome

Politicians and diplomats

 * Álvaro Barreto (Lic. civil engineering, 1959) – various ministerial roles between 1978 and 1990, and Minister of the Economy from 2004 to 2005
 * Maria da Graça Carvalho (Lic. mechanical engineering, 1978) – Minister of the Environment and Energy since 2024, former Minister of Science and Higher Education (2003–2005)
 * Ângelo Correia (Lic. chemical-industrial engineering, 1968) – Minister of Internal Administration (1981–1983)
 * Adelino Amaro da Costa (Lic. civil engineering, 1966) – Minister of National Defense (1980)
 * Alfredo Bruto da Costa (Lic. civil engineering, 1963) – Minister of Social Coordination and Social Affairs (1979–1980)
 * Alfredo Nobre da Costa (Lic. mechanical engineering, 1946) – Prime Minister of Portugal (1978), Minister of Industry and Technology (1977–1978)
 * Luis Veiga da Cunha (civil engineering, Lic. 1959, PhD 1971) – Minister of Education (1979–1980)
 * João Pedro Matos Fernandes (M.Sc. transports, 1995) – Minister of the Environment (2015–2022)
 * Mariano Gago (Lic. electrical engineering, 1971) – Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education (1995–2002, 2005–2011)
 * António Guterres (Lic. electrical engineering, 1971) – Secretary-General of the United Nations since 2017, former Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002), former president of the Socialist International (1999–2005) and former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2005–2015)
 * Miguel Pinto Luz (Lic. electrical and computer engineering, 2000) – Minister of Infrastructure and Housing since 2024
 * Carlos Moedas (Lic. civil engineering, 1993) – Mayor of Lisbon since 2021
 * Duarte Pacheco (Lic. electrical engineering, 1926) – various ministerial roles between 1928 and 1943, director of the IST (1929–1932, 1936–1937)
 * Dulce Pássaro (Lic. chemical engineering, 1976) – Minister of the Environment and Spatial Planning (2009–2011)
 * Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo (Lic. chemical-industrial engineering, 1953) – first woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal (1979–1980)
 * João de Deus Pinheiro (Lic. chemical-industrial engineering, 1970) – Minister of Education and Culture (1985–1987), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1987–1992), European Commissioner between 1993 and 1999
 * João Fraústo da Silva (Lic. chemical-industrial engineering, 1958) – Minister of Education (1982–1983), director of the IST (1970–1972)

title: Instituto Superior Técnico


text:
Kherson

Kherson (Ukrainian and Херсон, ; ) is a port city in Ukraine that serves as the administrative centre of Kherson Oblast. Located by the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, Kherson is the home to a major ship-building industry and is a regional economic centre. At the beginning of 2022, its population was estimated at 279,131.

From March to November 2022, the city was occupied by Russian forces during their invasion of Ukraine. Ukrainian forces recaptured the city on 11 November 2022. In June 2023, the city was flooded following the destruction of the nearby Kakhovka Dam.

Etymology
As the first new settlement in the "Greek project" of Empress Catherine and her favourite Grigory Potemkin, it was named after the Heraclea Pontic colony of Chersonesus, (Χερσόνησος ) which was located on the Crimean Peninsula, meaning 'peninsular shore'.

Early days and Russian Empire era (until 1917)
Before 1774, the area where Kherson is situated today belonged to the Crimean Khanate. A German-language map in 1736 (inset) shows a settlement of Bilschowscei at the site of today's Kherson. A French-language map of the site in 1769 (inset) shows a Russian-built fort or sconce named St. Alexandre. This had been built in 1737 during the Russo-Turkish War and served the Zaporizhian Sich as an administrative center, run by local Cossacks.

The Russian Empire annexed the territory in 1774, and a decree of Catherine the Great on 18 June 1778 founded Kherson on the high bank of the Dnieper as a central fortress of the Black Sea Fleet.

1783 saw the city granted the rights of a district town and the opening of a local shipyard where the hulls of the Russian Black Sea fleet were laid. Within a year the Kherson Shipping Company began operations. By the end of the 18th century, the port had established trade with France, Italy, Spain and other European countries. Between 1783 and 1793 Poland's maritime trade via the Black Sea was conducted through Kherson by the Kompania Handlowa Polska. In 1791, Potemkin was buried in the newly built St. Catherine's Cathedral. In 1803 the city became the capital of the Kherson Governorate.

Industry, beginning with breweries, tanneries and other food and agricultural processing, developed from the 1850s. In 1897 the population of the city was 59,076 of which, on the basis of their first language, almost half were recorded as Great Russian, 30% as Jewish, and 20% Ukrainian. During the revolution of 1905 there were workers' strikes and an army mutiny (an armed demonstration by soldiers of the 10th Disciplinary Battalion) in the city.

Early Bolshevik period
In the Russian Constituent Assembly election held in November 1917—the first and last free election in Kherson for 70 years—Bolsheviks who had seized power in Petrograd and Moscow received just 13.2 percent of the vote in the Governorate. The largest electoral bloc in the district, with 43 percent of the vote, was an alliance of Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), Russian Socialist Revolutionaries and the United Jewish Socialist Workers Party.

The Bolsheviks dissolved SR-dominated Assembly after its first sitting, and proceeded to force from Kiev the Central Council of Ukraine (Tsentralna Rada) whose response to the Leninist coup had been to proclaim the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR). But, before the Bolsheviks could secure Kherson, they were obliged to cede the region under the terms of the March 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the German and Austrian controlled Ukrainian State. After the withdrawal of German and Austrian forces in November 1918, the efforts of the UPR (the Petluirites) to assert authority were frustrated by a French-led Allied intervention which occupied Kherson in January 1919.

In March 1919, the Green Army of local warlord Otaman Nykyfor Hryhoriv ousted the French and Greek garrison and precipitated the Allied evacuation from Odesa. In July, the Bolsheviks defeated Hryhoriv who had called upon the Ukrainian people to rise against the "Communist impostors" and their "Jewish commissars", and had perpetrated pogroms, including in the Kherson region. Kherson itself was occupied by the counter-revolutionary Whites before finally falling to the Bolshevik Red Army in February 1920. In 1922 the city and region was formally incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR a constituent republic of the Soviet Union.

The population was radically reduced from 75,000 to 41,000 by the famine of 1921–23, but then rose steadily, reaching 97,200 in 1939. In 1940, the city was one of the sites of executions of Polish officers and intelligentsia committed by the Soviets as part of the Katyn massacre.

World War II and post-War period
Further devastation and population loss resulted from the German occupation during the Second World War. The German occupation, which lasted from August 1941 to March 1944, contended with both Soviet and Ukrainian nationalist (OUN) underground cells. The Kherson district leadership of the OUN was headed by Bohdan Bandera (brother of OUN leader Stepan Bandera). The Germans operated a Nazi prison and the Stalag 370 prisoner-of-war camp in the city.

In the post-war decades, which saw substantial industrial growth, the population more than doubled, reaching 261,000 by 1970. The new factories, including the Comintern Shipbuilding and Repairs Complex, the Kuibyshev Ship Repair Complex, and the Kherson Cotton Textile Manufacturing Complex (one of the largest textile plants in the Soviet Union), and Kherson's growing grain-exporting port, drew in labour from the Ukrainian countryside. This changed the city's ethnic composition, increasing the Ukrainian share from 36% in 1926 to 63% in 1959, while reducing the Russian share from 36 to 29%. The Jewish population never recovered from the Holocaust visited by the Germans: accounting for 26% of residents in 1926, their number had fallen to just 6% in 1959.

In independent Ukraine
With a turnout of 83.4% of eligible voters, 90.1% of the votes cast in Kherson Oblast affirmed Ukrainian independence in the national referendum of 1 December 1991. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kherson and its industries experienced severe dislocation. Over the following three decades, the population of both the city and the region declined, reflecting both a significant excess of deaths over live births and persistent net-emigration from the area.

The 2014 pro-Russian unrest in eastern and southern Ukraine was marked in Kherson by a small demonstration of some 400 persons. Following Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014, Kherson housed the office of the Ukrainian President's representative in Crimea.

In July 2020, as part of the general administrative reform of Ukraine, the Kherson Municipality was merged as Kherson urban hromada into newly established Kherson Raion, one of five raions in the Kherson Oblast of which the city remained the administrative centre. A "City Profile", part of the SCORE (Social Cohesion and Reconciliation) Ukraine 2021 project funded by USAID, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the European Union, concluded that "more than 80% of citizens in Kherson city feel their locality is a good place to live, work, and raise a family". This was despite a low level of trust in the local authorities in whom corruption was perceived to be high. It also found that, while more inclined to express support for co-operation with Russia than for membership of the EU, "citizens in Kherson feel attached to their Ukrainian identity".

2020 local election
In the last free elections before the 2022 Russian invasion, the Ukrainian local elections held on 25 October 2020, the results of Kherson City Council elections were as follows: The parties widely perceived as pro-Russian, and Euro-skeptic, Opposition Platform, Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, and Party of Shariy (3.9%) had a combined vote of just over 30% of the total, and secured 20 out of the 54 seats on the city council. In the wake of the invasion, the Opposition Platform and the Party of Shariy were banned by the National Security Council for alleged ties to the Kremlin.

The Volodymyr Saldo Bloc dissolved; its deputies in Kyiv joined the newly formed faction "Support to the programs of the President of Ukraine". From 26 April 2022, Volodymyr Saldo himself, who had been mayor of Kherson from 2002 to 2012, went on to serve the Russian occupiers, as head of the Kherson military–civilian administration.

Russian invasion from February 2022
Kherson witnessed heavy fighting in the first days of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine (Kherson offensive). As of 2 March the city was under Russian control, and as early as 8 March the Russian FSB was reported to be tasked with crushing resistance.

Under the Russian occupation, locals continued to stage street protests against the invading army's presence and in support of the unity of Ukraine. According to the Ukrainian government, the Russian military sought to create a puppet Kherson People's Republic in the style of the Russian-backed separatist polities in the Donbas region and tried to coerce local councillors into endorsing the move, detaining those activists and officials who opposed their design.

By 26 April 2022, Russian troops had taken over the city's administration headquarters and had appointed both a new mayor, former KGB agent Alexander Kobets, and ex-mayor Volodymyr Saldo as a new civilian-military regional administrator. The next day, Ukraine's Prosecutor General said that troops used tear gas and stun grenades to disperse a further pro-Ukraine rally in the city centre. In an indication of an intended split from Ukraine, on the 28th the new administration announced that from May it would switch the region's payments to the Russian ruble. Citing unnamed reports about alleged discrimination of Russian speakers, its deputy head, Kirill Stremousov said that "reintegrating the Kherson region back into a Nazi Ukraine is out of the question". On 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation claimed to have annexed Kherson Oblast. The United Nations General Assembly condemned the proclaimed annexations with a vote of 143–5.

Russian forces were ordered to withdraw from the city by defence minister Sergei Shoigu and regroup on the eastern side of the Dnieper on 9 November 2022. Ukrainian officials claimed that Russian troops were destroying bridges connecting the city to the other bank of the river. On 11 November, Ukraine announced that its forces had entered the city following the Russian withdrawal. Before retreating, the Russian army destroyed infrastructure facilities of the city (communications, water, heat, electricity, TV tower), looted two main museums (Local History Museum and the Art Museum), transporting their items to Crimean museums,  and took away several monuments to historical figures.

On 23 October 2023, online voting concluded on the renamings of numerous streets and localities in Kherson for purposes of decolonization and derussification. This was in accordance with Law of Ukraine "On Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and Decolonization of Toponymy", giving local councils six months to remove problematic toponymy.

With Russian forces entrenched just across the Dnipro River, the city remains subject to frequent shelling. By the beginning of 2024, just 71,000 of the city’s pre-war population of 300,000 remain.

Ethnicity
According to the Ukrainian National Census in 2001, Kherson had a majority population of Ukrainians (76.6%), with a large minority of Russians (20.0%) and 3.4% others.

Administrative divisions
There are three urban districts:
 * Tsentralnyi District, meaning the Central District, is the central and oldest district of the city. Includes departments: Tavriiskyi, Pіvnichnyi and Mlyny (Kherson). It was known as Suvorovskyi District until October 2023, when it was renamed in compliance with nationwide laws on derussification of toponymy. The old name was derived from that of the Tsarist Russian military leader Alexander Suvorov.
 * Dniprovskyi District, named for the Dnieper river. Includes departments: Antonivka, Molodizhne, Zelenivka, Petrivka, Bohdanivka, Soniachne, Naddniprianske, Inzhenerne.
 * Korabelnyi District, which includes the following departments: Shumenskyi, Korabel, Zabalka, Sukharne, Zhytloselyshche, Selyshche-4, Selyshche-5.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Kherson has a humid continental climate (Dfa).

Ports
Kherson has both a seaport, Port of Kherson and a river port, Kherson River Port.

Rail
Kherson is connected to the national railroad network of Ukraine. There are daily long-distance services to Kyiv, Lviv and other cities.

Air
Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.

Education
There are 77 high schools as well as 5 colleges. There are 15 institutions of higher education, including: The documentary Dixie Land was filmed at a music school in Kherson.
 * Kherson State Maritime Academy
 * Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University
 * Kherson State University
 * Kherson National Technical University
 * International University of Business and Law

Main sights

 * The Church of St. Catherine – was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Grigory Potemkin.
 * Jewish cemetery – Kherson has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid-nineteenth century.
 * Kherson TV Tower
 * Adziogol Lighthouse, a hyperboloid structure designed by Vladimir Shukhov in 1911
 * The Kherson Art Museum has a collection of icons, and Ukrainian and Russian paintings and sculptures. Particularly noteworthy are Portrait of a Woman (1883) by Konstantin Makovsky; The Tempest is Coming by Ivan Aivazovsky; Sunset by Alexei Savrasov; Cattle Yard in Abramtsevo by Vasily Polenov; At the Stone by Ivan Kramskoi; The Charioteer, by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg (sculptor); Prince Svyatoslav by Eugene Lanceray (sculptor); Mephistopheles by Mark Antokolsky (sculptor); Near the Monastery by German painter August von Bayer (1859); Oaks (1956); Moloditsya (1938) and Still Life with the Blue Broom (1930), by Oleksii Shovkunenko (born in Kherson).

Notable people

 * Grigory Adamov (1886–1945), Soviet science fiction writer
 * Georgy Arbatov (1923–2010), Soviet and Russian political scientist.
 * Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944), Ukrainian/Russian/French painter, avant-garde artist and inventor.
 * Max Barskih (born 1990), Ukrainian singer and songwriter.
 * Stefania Berlinerblau (1852–1921), American anatomist and physician, investigated blood circulation
 * Maximilian Bern (1849–1923), German writer and editor.
 * Sergei Bondarchuk (1920–1994), Soviet and Russian actor, film director, and screenwriter
 * Lev Davidovitch Bronstein (1879–1940), better known as Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist, was born in the village of Bereslavka, Kherson Governorate.
 * Artem Datsyshyn (1979–2022), Ukrainian ballet dancer and soloist
 * Ivan Gannibal (1735–1801), eminent Russian military leader and a founder of the city
 * Sergei Garmash (born 1958), Soviet and Russian film and stage actor.
 * Yefim Golïshev (1897–1970), painter and composer associated with the Dada movement in Berlin.
 * Nikolai Grinko (1920–1989), Soviet and Ukrainian actor
 * Kateryna Handziuk (1985–2018), Ukrainian civil rights and anti-corruption activist
 * John Howard (1726–1790), English prison reformer; he died of typhus whilst in Kherson.
 * Mircea Ionescu-Quintus (1917–2017), Romanian politician, writer and jurist
 * Yurii Kerpatenko (1976–2022), Ukrainian conductor
 * Ihor Kolykhaiev (born 1971), Ukrainian politician and entrepreneur, Mayor of Kherson since 2020
 * Samuel Maykapar (1867–1938), Russian romantic composer, pianist and professor of music
 * Yuriy Odarchenko (born 1960),a politician, Governor of Kherson Oblast since 2014
 * Nicholas Perry (born 1992), social media personality, known online as Nikocado Avocado
 * Sergei Polunin (born 1989), Russian ballet dancer, actor and model.
 * Prince Grigory Potemkin (1739–1791), military leader, statesman and nobleman; a founder of the city.
 * Salomon Rosenblum (1873–1925), later known as Sidney Reilly, a secret agent, adventurer and playboy, employed by the British Secret Intelligence Service; may have inspired spy character, James Bond.
 * Nissan Rilov (1922–2007), former soldier, Israeli artist and supporter of Palestinians
 * Moshe Sharett (1894–1965), 2nd Prime Minister of Israel from 1953 to 1955
 * Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky (1787–1861), wealthy landowner; squadron commander in the Russian Patriotic War of 1812
 * Inna Shevchenko (born 1990), Ukrainian feminist and leader of the women's movement FEMEN
 * Sergei Stanishev (born 1966), Bulgarian politician, 49th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
 * Prince Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), Russian general; a founder of the city.
 * Svitlana Tarabarova (born 1990), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, music producer and actress.
 * Mikhail Yemtsev (1930–2003), Soviet and Russian science fiction writer

Sport

 * Anastasiia Chetverikova (born 1998), sprint canoeist, team silver medallist at the 2020 Summer Olympics
 * Inna Gaponenko (born 1976), chess player, International Master & Woman Grandmaster.
 * Oleksandr Holovko (born 1972), former footballer with 414 club caps and 58 for Ukraine
 * Pavlo Ishchenko (born 1992), Ukrainian-Israeli boxer
 * Oleksandr Karavayev (born 1992), footballer with over 250 club caps and 45 for Ukraine
 * Yevhen Kucherevskyi (1941–2006), Ukrainian football coach of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk
 * Larisa Latynina (born 1934), Soviet gymnast, has won nine Olympic gold medals
 * Tatiana Lysenko (born 1975), Soviet and Ukrainian gymnast, two gold and a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics
 * Yuriy Maksymov (born 1968), football coach and former midfielder with 384 club caps and 27 for Ukraine.
 * Yuri Nikitin (born 1978), gymnast and gold medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
 * Sergei Postrekhin (born 1957), sprint canoer, gold and silver medallist at the 1980 Summer Olympics
 * Serhiy Tretyak (born 1963), retired Ukrainian footballer with over 500 club caps
 * David Tyshler (1927–2014), Ukrainian/Soviet fencer, two gold and a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics
 * Roman Vintov (born 1978), former Russian/Ukrainian footballer with over 460 club caps

Twin cities

 * 🇭🇺 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
 * 🇧🇬 Shumen, Bulgaria
 * 🇹🇷 Izmit, Turkey
 * 🇹🇳 Bizerte, Tunisia
 * 🇩🇪 Bonn, Germany
 * 🇩🇪 Kiel, Germany

title: Kherson


text:
User talk:AdorableRuffian

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

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Alnmouth railway station
I particularly like your Alnmouth railway station article; I was thinking, as I waited for the late running 18:05 to London earlier this evening that it's about time the station had an article. And now not only have you grokked the format of railway station articles (something of a sad pet concern of mine), but you actually know interesting stuff about the station like previous names, purposes, dates &c, umm, so, I'm completely delighted. Well done; kudos to you. --Tagishsimon (talk)

Article about Wikipedia Users
Hello,

I am a freelance writer working on an article about the wide array of people who make Wikipedia their life, their passion, their pastime. Wikipedia “addicts” if you will - as well as "recreational users". I’m looking for people just willing to tell their story of how they got sucked into the intellectual whirlwind that is Wikipedia, how you got started editing, how the obsession grew, and what you spend your time focusing on these days? Do you write articles from scratch? Is your main push toward one particular type of article? Do you patrol for typos and errors, or spend your time diligently fixing vandalism? Do you take part in the “social aspects” of Wikipedia; engaging in animated discussions or decorating your user page with all sorts of internet memes? Have you forced yourself to take a “Wikipedia break”? If so, what’s your 20/20 hindsight on the obsession? Basically I’m just trying to get an idea of what it’s like for various Wikipedia “addicts.” If you are interested in participating, please email me at brianrhodges@gmail.com

If anybody else, other than this user is interested in participating, feel free to email me as well. This article is intended to be a light informational piece, nothing too heavy or controversial, just merely introducing readers to a subculture that they likely had no idea existed. So please don’t email me with your conspiracy theories, or your grudge against the Wikipedia hierarchy… unless it directly applies to your overall experience with the site. This article is about the USERS, not about the pros and cons of the site itself.

Thanks,

Brian68.39.158.205 19:45, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

excuse me?
What's this about AGF? — coe l acan  t a lk  — 21:39, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * What I hope to achieve is the deletion of those articles I nominated. That's pretty obvious, isn't it? And yes, I think that if there aren't notable reliable sources on songs, they should be folded back into the article for the relevant album or band. That would consolidate information and stop people from splitting small articles that don't need to be split (most album articles), as doing so just makes the information harder to reach (more clicks away). And by the way, if you can't at least explain what "point" it is you think I'm making, it's rather incivil to go around making veiled accusations. — coe l acan t a lk  — 13:24, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

I can't see how my words to Rockstar could be seen as incivil in any way. I offered to assist in deletions of other songs and gave that user a genuine warning: someone who recently said "If their songs don't deserve Wikipedia entries, then neither do Jennifer Lopez', Hilary Duff's or any other ultra-popular American group" and then began nominating those performers' songs for deletion very likely would be accused of making a point. I thought that user should be apprised of this ahead of time. Anyway, see my response to you at Articles for deletion/Who's Your Daddy? (song). — coe l acan t a lk  — 22:26, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Age category
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 * Using an age group category, such as Category:Wikipedians in their 30s
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Survey Invitation
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Check your facts please
You might want to double check your article about Helpful Henry - you said he's from The Beano, but he's in The Dandy Monster Comic 1939 (the first annual) so I think he must've been a Dandy character instead! Digifiend

The 'green' Metro Newspaper in Newcastle Metro (Associated Metro Limited)
Howdy! I've just seen your post regarding the lost 'green' Metro newspaper that was distributed on the Tyne and Wear Metro back in 1999! I had made a change in the article before I read the discussion page (naughty me, I know...!) and saw your post... from 2005. But hey, better late than never I say! I'm glad someone else remembers the green 'Metro' and then when it changed to Morning News. I've added some info to the article, but without references, so I'm expecting that to be picked up on. But I'm glad someone else remembers it! I thought I was going crazy, thinking, did I just image green holding bins at Byker Metro station all those years ago when I was at school? :) I remember that the 'blue' Metro took over those green holding bins at Byker, very cheeky of them! Have you any more info your end? I can try and Google it, see what it finds... (but I'll do that in a few weeks as I'm actually meant to be writing my dissertation!!!!) Cheers matey! BNC85 (talk) 11:49, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Outlet mall
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Outlet mall, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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MfD nomination of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty
User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Josh Atkins (talk - contribs) 15:57, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Mfd withdrawn. I screwed up; I'm sorry. --Josh Atkins (talk - contribs) 18:19, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

An article you !voted on in an AfD is up for deletion a second time
Please see: Articles for deletion/BVE Trainsim (2nd nomination) Ikip (talk) 00:56, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Hard-Nut the Nigger
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Orphaned non-free image File:UKRegalRecord2.jpg
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Thank you. DASHBot (talk) 00:33, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:UKRegalRecord2.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:SMS cartridges.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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MfD nomination of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty
User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty& and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/BritishNationalParty during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Adam9007 (talk) 03:25, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/YesTorture
User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/YesTorture, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/YesTorture and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:AdorableRuffian/Userboxes/YesTorture during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Dronebogus (talk) 23:37, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:AdorableRuffian


text:
Laurin & Klement

Laurin & Klement was a Czech automobile, motorcycle and bicycle manufacturing company founded in 1895 in Mladá Boleslav, Kingdom of Bohemia by automotive pioneers Václav Laurin and Václav Klement. Car production commenced in 1905, and the company soon became the largest car manufacturer in Austria-Hungary. It was acquired by industrial conglomerate Škoda Works in 1925 and re-branded as Škoda Auto, which is today the largest car manufacturer in the Czech Republic and a part of the Volkswagen Group.

History
The company was founded in 1895 and engaged in the production of new bicycles as well as doing repairs, their first bicycles being called Slavia. The company was named after its two founders: Václav Laurin (born 27 September 1865, died 4 December 1930), and Václav Klement (born 16 October 1868, died 13 August 1938).

Car production commenced in 1905, and the company soon became the largest car manufacturer in Austria-Hungary. In 1925 the company was acquired by the Škoda Works, and operated henceforth under the brand Škoda Auto (Škoda).

Today, the Laurin & Klement name is used by Škoda Auto to distinguish especially luxurious editions of some of their car models (Yeti, Octavia, Superb and Kodiaq).

Models

 * Laurin & Klement A (1905)
 * Laurin & Klement B (1906)
 * Laurin & Klement C (1906)
 * Laurin & Klement E (1906)
 * Laurin & Klement B2 (1907)
 * Laurin & Klement C2 (1907)
 * Laurin & Klement FC (1907) (racing car)
 * Laurin & Klement FCS (1908) (racing car)
 * Laurin & Klement BS (1908)
 * Laurin & Klement EN (1909)
 * Laurin & Klement FCR (1909) (racing car)
 * Laurin & Klement ENS (1910)
 * Laurin & Klement T / Ta (1914)
 * Laurin & Klement MK6 (Laurin & Klement MK6 / 445 / 450) (1920)
 * Laurin & Klement A (1922) (Laurin & Klement A / 100) (1922)
 * Laurin & Klement 105 (1923)
 * Laurin & Klement 150 (1923)
 * Laurin & Klement 350 (1925)
 * Laurin & Klement 110 (1925)
 * Laurin & Klement 120 (1925)
 * Škoda 360 (Laurin & Klement 360) (1926)

title: Laurin & Klement


text:
User talk:PeacefulKiller

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:PeacefulKiller