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Talk:Iran–United States relations

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sarah-n-johnson.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:47, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Early relation section is poorly written and relies on outdated sources.
title. 2600:100C:B032:E0DD:6FC6:B338:5F4F:E1C8 (talk) 16:38, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

Messed up refs
My edit has ruined refs why https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Diff/1170093903 Baratiiman (talk) 13:02, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi, because some of your citation labels are missing the "/" character. They should be like .  M h hossein   talk 04:43, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

Movement of content
I suggest in order to reduce the length of the article, we should move most content regarding sanctions, conflicts, and relations since 1979 in general to be moved to Iran–United States relations after 1979. Said article is pretty small compared to its importance in Middle Eastern affairs, so I suggest to move the content from here to there.Joaquinazo (talk) 16:35, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

What are they fighting for?
40.131.131.191 (talk) 04:19, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iran–United States relations


text: Category:Walker County, Georgia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Walker County, Georgia


text: User talk:62.252.128.17

title: User talk:62.252.128.17


text: User talk:67.11.132.175

title: User talk:67.11.132.175


text:
John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu

John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, (1690 – 5 July 1749), styled Viscount Monthermer until 1705 and Marquess of Monthermer between 1705 and 1709, was a British peer.

Life
Montagu was an owner of a coal mine.

Montagu went on the grand tour with Pierre Sylvestre. On 17 March 1705, John was married to Lady Mary Churchill, daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough.

On 23 October 1717, Montagu was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1719, and was made Order of the Bath, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1725, and a Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England which was the first Masonic Grand Lodge to be created.

On 22 June 1722, George I appointed Montagu governor of the islands of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent in the West Indies. He in turn appointed Nathaniel Uring, a merchant sea captain and adventurer, as deputy-governor. Uring went to the islands with a group of seven ships, and established settlement at Petit Carenage. Unable to get enough support from British warships, he and the new colonists were quickly run off by the French.

In 1739, the country's first home for abandoned children, the Foundling Hospital was created in London. Montagu was a supporter of this effort and was one of the charity's founding governors. He also financed the education of two notable Black British figures of the age, Ignatius Sancho (a butler at his Blackheath home, Montagu House) and Francis Williams, allegedly sending the latter to Cambridge University (the university has no record of his having studied there).

In 1745, Montagu raised a cavalry regiment known as Montagu's Carabineers, which, however, was disbanded after the Battle of Culloden.

Montagu was a notorious practical joker, his mother-in-law writing of him that "All his talents lie in things only natural in boys of fifteen years old, and he is about two and fifty; to get people into his garden and wet them with squirts, and to invite people to his country houses and put things in beds to make them itch, and twenty such pretty fancies as these."

Montagu is said to have once dunked the political philosopher Montesquieu in a tub of cold water as a joke. Montagu also commissioned William Hogarth to portray Chief Justice John Willes unflatteringly in a number of cartoons series Before and After (Hogarth) in which lusty amoral rakes seduce women.

Montagu's country place, Boughton House, Northamptonshire, was laid out by him as a miniature Versailles, and now belonging to the Buccleuch family. After his death, his town residence, Montagu House, Bloomsbury, on the present site of the British Museum, received and for many years held the national collections, which under the name of the British Museum were first opened to the public in 1759.

Children
Montagu and his wife, Lady Mary Churchill, were parents to five children:

 * Lady Isabella Montagu (c. 1706 – 20 December 1786). Married first William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester (no issue), and second Edward Hussey-Montagu, 1st Earl of Beaulieu (had issue).
 * John (1706–1711)
 * George (died in infancy)
 * Lady Mary Montagu (c. 1711/1712 – 1 May 1775). Married George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan, later Duke of Montagu (had issue).
 * Edward (27 December 1725 – May 1727)

Succession
As none of Montagu's sons survived him, his titles became extinct upon his death in 1749. His estates were inherited by his daughter Mary, whose husband, George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan assumed the name and arms of Montagu, and in 1766 was created 1st Duke of Montagu (second creation). In 1790 this second creation dukedom of Montagu also became extinct; his only son (who had been created Baron Montagu of Boughton) having predeceased him. His daughter Elizabeth married Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, 5th Duke of Queensberry who thus acquired all the unentailed property of the Dukes of Montagu.

title: John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu


text:
Vikram

Vikram may refer to:
 * Vikram (name), a male name in the Hindu and christian community
 * Vikram (rocket family), under development rocket family by Skyroot Aerospace
 * Vikram (spacecraft), an Indian Moon lander
 * Vikram, a character based on Vikramaditya in Baital Pachisi
 * Vikram, a character based on the above in the 2017 Indian film Vikram Vedha and its 2022 remake
 * Vikram (1986 Tamil film)
 * Vikram (1986 Telugu film)
 * Vikram (2022 Tamil film)
 * Vikram (actor) (born 1966), Indian actor
 * Vikram Bajaj, character in the 2001 Indian film Ajnabee, played by Akshay Kumar

title: Vikram


text:
Karelian question

The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Karjala-kysymys, Karelska frågan, Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War. Despite the name "Karelian question", the term may refer also to the return of Petsamo, ceded parts of Salla and Kuusamo, and four islands in the Gulf of Finland. Sometimes the phrase "debate on the return of the ceded territories" (luovutettujen alueiden palautuskeskustelu, debatten om tillbakalämningen av de avträdda territorierna) is used. The Karelian question remains a matter of public debate rather than a political issue.

History
The Karelian question arose when Finland was forced to cede territories to the Soviet Union after the Winter War in the Moscow peace treaty in 1940. Most Finnish citizens were evacuated from the ceded areas. Most of them returned during the Continuation War and eventually were evacuated again in 1944. The Soviet Union insisted the ceded areas be completely evacuated in 10 days. The evacuees were partly compensated for their losses; farmers, for example, received land in proportion to their earlier holdings. Usually, the compensation was about one third of the original farm. Compensation for movable property was much less. However, all evacuee families had a right to receive a small farm, and/or a plot for a detached house or a flat. The land used for these grants was confiscated by the state from municipalities and private owners. Financial compensation was funded by a general property tax of 10 to 30%, levied over a period of several years. Because the vast majority of the evacuees who had to settle in the rest of Finland were from ceded Karelia, the question was labeled The Karelian Question. After the Winter War, Karelian municipalities and parishes established Karjalan Liitto (the Karelian Association) to defend the rights of Karelians in Finland.

During the Cold War, the Karelian-born Finnish politician Johannes Virolainen lobbied for the return of Karelia. President Urho Kekkonen also tried to reacquire the territory, especially when the Soviet Union returned the peninsula of Porkkala to Finland in 1956. There was, however, no significant public controversy about the case, because Kekkonen wanted to keep it quiet. The last time Kekkonen tried to raise it was in 1972, but he had no success, and public discussion died out in the 1970s.

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Karelian question somewhat re-surfaced in Finland. According to an article by the Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat in August 2007, the Russian president Boris Yeltsin unofficially offered to sell ceded Karelia to Finland in 1991 but was declined. However, according to many Finnish political leaders and the Russian vice Prime Minister of the time, there were no such offers, only unofficial probing of the idea. Andrei Fyodorov, an advisor of Boris Yeltsin, told the Helsingin Sanomat that he was part of a group that was tasked by the government of Russia in 1991–1992 with calculating the price of returning Karelia to Finland. This price was set at 15 billion US dollars. According to Fyodorov, Finnish president Mauno Koivisto and Finnish foreign minister Paavo Väyrynen were aware of these unofficial discussions.

21st century
Karjalan Liitto is an interest group of Karelian evacuees which hopes that Karelia will once again become part of Finland at some point, but does not openly demand it. Some smaller groups, such as ProKarelia, continue to campaign for the peaceful return of Karelia. However, no serious political party has openly supported this goal, and Finnish politicians generally say there is no need for it, citing Finland's peace treaty with Russia. There are some individual politicians who support the return of Karelia, such as MEP Ari Vatanen, and two candidates in the presidential election of 2006: Timo Soini and Arto Lahti. Other candidates have stated that Finland has signed a peace treaty and should not campaign for the return of what are now Russian-developed territories. During a debate prior to the 2012 presidential election Timo Soini reiterated his view that, if elected, he would advance the issue.

Official opinions
Both Russia and Finland have repeatedly stated that no open territorial dispute exists between the two countries. Finland's official stance is that the borders may be changed through peaceful negotiations, although there is currently no need to hold open talks, as Russia has shown no intention of returning the ceded areas, or discussing the question. In 1994 Boris Yeltsin commented that the "seizure of Finnish Karelia" was an example of Stalin's totalitarian and aggressive politics. Later in 1997 he stated that the matter was closed. In 2000 Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that such discussions may endanger Finnish–Russian relations, and in 2001 he said that "changing borders is not the best way to resolve problems", but that possible solutions would be "integration and cooperation".

In 1998 Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari said that "Finland's official position is that it does not have territorial demands on Russia. However, if Russia wants to discuss returning the ceded areas, Finland is ready for that." Several other politicians holding government office, such as the former foreign minister Erkki Tuomioja and prime minister Matti Vanhanen, have made statements along the same lines.

When commenting on poll results on 18 January 2005, the Foreign Minister of Russia Sergei Lavrov stated that if Russia were to be asked to return the ceded areas, "the answer would be absolutely negative".

Polls and popular opinion
The latest polls show that approximately 26% to 38% of Finns would like to see Karelia return to Finnish control and some 51% to 62% would oppose such a move. In Russia, people associate the word "Karelia" with the Republic of Karelia instead of Finnish Karelia, which makes conducting polls more difficult. In a 1999 poll by MTV3, 34% of the people of Vyborg supported returning Karelia to Finland and 57% were opposed. Vyborg and the rest of the ceded Karelia outside the Republic of Karelia nowadays contain very few ethnic Finns, and is almost exclusively inhabited by people who moved there during the Soviet era and their descendants.

In a poll conducted by the newspaper Karjala and the research institute MC-Info Oy on 13 October 2005, 36% of Finns supported the return of ceded territories, compared to 51% who are opposed. In August 2005, a poll by Helsingin Sanomat and Suomen Gallup, determined that 30% of Finns supported and 62% opposed the return. In a poll by Taloustutkimus and Karjalan Liitto conducted in May 2005, support was 26% while 58% were opposed. A year earlier, a poll by STT showed 38% supporting and 57% opposing. A poll by Taloustutkimus was criticized by ProKarelia for asking leading questions, such as, "Do you support the return of Karelia, even if it would mean more tense relations or even war with Russia?" 5% of supporters and of those who declined to respond supported the return even under these circumstances (2.1% of all replies).

Many of the people who were born in Karelia and were evacuated want Karelia to become part of Finland. According to polls, older people (ages 65 and up) and young people (15-25) support the idea more strongly than the generation of their parents (25–65) who grew up during the Cold War. Former President Mauno Koivisto was against a discussion about the question. Support for regaining the ceded areas is also strong among minor nationalist right-wing groups.

Price
One of the main reasons for opposing the return is the fear of the costs it would bring. According to another poll conducted by Helsingin Sanomat, 42% of Finns opposing the return list that as the most important single reason. The standard of living on the Russian side of the border is much lower than on the Finnish side. The GDP (PPP) per capita in Finland is about double that of Russia.

The costs of bringing Karelia to the same level with the rest of Finland have been researched only by supporters of the idea. According to a survey conducted by ProKarelia, the area has natural advantages that, under Finnish rule, would make it a centre of trade with Russia and industry and thus bring economic growth fast enough to solve the entire problem. According to both ProKarelian research and Arto Lahti's estimate, the price of return would be about 30 billion euro.

Population
The area of Karelia ceded to Russia is inhabited mostly by people who moved there from Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, and their descendants. The fate of these people is a major issue in discussions of the return of Karelia to Finland. According to a poll by Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, 14% of people opposing return said their biggest concern was the tensions that could be caused by a larger Russian-speaking minority in Finland. As of 2004, there were about 370,000 Russians living in the region.

If the inhabitants were allowed to stay in their homes, Finland would receive a few hundred thousand new Russian-speaking people with no experience of living in Finnish society. If services for them in their own language were to be provided, Finland would need many more officials capable of speaking Russian. In ProKarelia's vision, nearly half of the Russian population in Karelia would be estimated to choose to move to Russia, and even more would leave if Finland paid their expenses for doing so. However, most of the Russian-speaking population of Karelia were born there and have spent all their life in the region.

Supporting organizations
Information also available in English:
 * Karjalan Liitto
 * ProKarelia
 * Karelia Forum – Discussion forum concentrated in the Karelia question

Finnish only:
 * Aluepalautus ry.
 * Tarton Rauha ry.
 * KareliaKlubi
 * Kansalaisvetoomus, a petition for returning Karelia

title: Karelian question


text: Category:Vancouver, Washington

title: Category:Vancouver, Washington


text: Category:Clark County, Washington

title: Category:Clark County, Washington


text:
Shinsaibashi

Shinsaibashi (心斎橋) is a district in the Chūō-ku ward of Osaka, Japan and the city's main shopping area. At its center is Shinsaibashi-suji (心斎橋筋), a covered shopping street, that is north of Dōtonbori and Sōemonchō, and parallel and east of Mido-suji street. Associated with Shinsaibashi, and west of Mido-suji street, is Amerika-mura, an American-themed shopping area and center of Osaka's youth culture. Major stores and boutiques concentrates are found around the area. Shinsaibashi is easily accessed via the subway.

History
Like many place names in Osaka, the Shinsaibashi shopping district gets its name from one of the many "Machi-bashi" (town bridges) that were built and managed by the local merchants. Shinsaibashi was a much-loved landmark bridge that spanned the Nagahori-gawa canal.

In 1622, at the time of the excavation of the Nagahori-gawa canal, the original 35 metres-long and 4 metres-wide wooden bridge was built by Shinsai Okada, one of the four merchants who dug the Nagahori-gawa canal. The bridge was named after its builder.

As the popularity of Shinmachi to the north and the Dōtonbori theatre district to the south increased, so did the popularity of the shops lining the streets connected by the bridge, establishing the area as Osaka's main shopping district.

The well-used wooden bridge required considerable maintenance and repairs by the townspeople who owned it. In 1873, the wooden bridge was replaced with a 37.1 metres-long and 5.2 metres-wide arched truss iron bridge that had been imported from Germany. The arched bridge was considered to be quite unusual, and became a popular topic of conversation amongst Osakans.

In 1909, accompanying the construction of a street car along the Nagahori-dori road, the iron bridge was replaced with Osaka's first stone bridge. It was a Western-styled, elegant double arched bridge with a row of four-leafed clovers carved into the railings. At night the bridge was illuminated by eight gas lamps. The bridge was affectionately nicknamed "Eyeglasses bridge" by the townspeople because, with the reflection of its two stone arches in the water, it looked like a pair of glasses.

In 1964, the Nagahori-gawa canal was reclaimed to become a road, the bridge taken down, and the carved railings and the lamps from the stone bridge were used in the construction of a pedestrian overpass. This bridge was used in one of the scenes in the 1989 Hollywood movie Black Rain.

The overpass was removed as a part of the construction of the Crysta Nagahori, an underground shopping mall beneath the Nagahori-dori road. The mall opened in 1997, and the lamps and part of the carved stone railing of the overpass were used for a sidewalk bridge above the mall. Water in the ceiling of the mall flows under the bridge.

In 1973, to commemorate its 100th anniversary, the German-made iron bridge was reconstructed; it is now a pedestrian overpass in Tsurumi Ryokuchi Park.

Retail establishments

 * Daimaru
 * Shinsaibashi-suji Shopping Arcade
 * OPA
 * Tokyu Hands
 * Apple Store
 * Camera Naniwa
 * Crysta Nagahori: an underground shopping mall, 81,765 square meters.
 * Sinsaibashi ZERO GATE (opening on April 20, 2013 where Shinsaibashi PARCO used to be, housing "H&M")
 * Coach
 * Dior
 * Chanel
 * Gucci
 * Louis Vuitton
 * Diesel
 * Cartier
 * Harry Winston
 * Versace
 * Armani
 * Dolce & Gabbana
 * Giorgio Armani
 * Rolex
 * Beams
 * Hermès
 * Omega
 * Givenchy
 * Yves Saint-Laurent
 * Dunhill
 * BVLGARI
 * Fendi
 * Samantha Thavasa
 * Franck Muller
 * Benetton
 * Uniqlo
 * Gap
 * Ships
 * United Arrows
 * H&M
 * Vivienne Westwood

Osaka Municipal Subway Stations

 * Shinsaibashi Station - Midosuji Line (M19), Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line (N15)
 * Yotsubashi Station - Yotsubashi Line (Y14)

title: Shinsaibashi


text:
Omid (name)

Omid, also transliterated as Omeed, Umeed or Ümit (Turkish equivalent), is a common Persian and Kurdish male given name, meaning hope.

Given name

 * Omid Abolhassani, Iranian football player banned for four years
 * Omid Abtahi, Iranian-American actor
 * Omid Djalili, Iranian-British stand-up comedian and actor
 * Omid Ebrahimi, Iranian footballer
 * Omid Kordestani, Iranian-American Google executive
 * Omid Memarian, Iranian journalist and social activist
 * Omid Namazi, Iranian-American soccer player
 * Omid Nouripour, German-Iranian politician
 * Omid Rahimi, American anatomist
 * Omid Ravankhah, Iranian footballer
 * Omid Safi, American religion academic
 * Omid Scobie, British journalist and writer
 * Omid Tahvili, Iranian-Canadian criminal
 * Omid Walizadeh, American underground hip hop producer

Surname

 * Ghazal Omid, Iranian-Canadian author
 * Pierre Omidyar, French-born American entrepreneur and the founder of eBay

Other uses

 * Omid, first Iranian-launched satellite, launched on February 2, 2009
 * "Omid", an electronic database of human rights violations in Iran, acting as a memorial to the victims executed by the Islamic Republic since it was established in 1979.
 * "Omid", a song on Thievery Corporation's album The Richest Man in Babylon
 * Apache Omid, an open source transaction processing system for Apache HBase
 * M. Omid, pen name of Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, notable contemporary Iranian poet

title: Omid (name)


text:
Tuberculosis classification

Tuberculosis classification system
The current clinical classification system for tuberculosis (TB) is based on the pathogenesis of the disease.

Health care providers should comply with local laws and regulations requiring the reporting of TB. All persons with class 3 or class 5 TB should be reported promptly to the local health department.

CDC TB classification for immigrants and refugees
The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has an additional TB classification for immigrants and refugees developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The B notification program is an important screening strategy to identify new arrivals who have a high risk for TB.

title: Tuberculosis classification


text:
Category:Latin American folklore

Latin American folklore is the study of the informal beliefs, customs and cultural traditions common in the countries in Latin America.

For ancient folklore and myths of Latin America, see Category:Native American religion.

title: Category:Latin American folklore


text: Category:Towns in Tennessee

title: Category:Towns in Tennessee


text: Category:Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin


text:
Plymouth Whalers

The Plymouth Whalers were a major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. They played out of Compuware Arena in Plymouth, Michigan, USA, a suburb of Detroit until 2015 when they were relocated to Flint, Michigan.

History
The Whalers can trace their roots back to the 1990–91 Detroit Compuware Ambassadors as an expansion team in the OHL. Since then the franchise has also been called the Detroit Junior Red Wings and the Detroit Whalers. In 1997 they were officially renamed the "Plymouth Whalers" after the local municipality gave generous tax breaks to the team and venue. The franchise was owned until 2015 by Peter Karmanos, who also owned the NHL's Carolina Hurricanes (formerly the Hartford Whalers, from which the OHL team's name was taken).

Plymouth is one of only two teams to win 5 consecutive division titles (West division from 1999 to 2003), the other team being the Ottawa 67's (East division from 1996 to 2000). Plymouth has made the playoffs 23 consecutive seasons, since the 1991–92 season. The Whalers reached the OHL finals two consecutive seasons in 1999–2000, and 2000–01, losing to the Barrie Colts and Ottawa 67's. These seasons included future NHLers David Legwand, Justin Williams, Robert Esche, and Stephen Weiss.

Celebrating their 10th Anniversary playing at the Compuware Arena during the 2005–06 season, all current Whalers players had been brought into the system by head coach and general manager Mike Vellucci. This created the build-up for the next year. Headed by overage captain John Vigilante, the team's rookies in 2003 and 2004 came to fruition in James Neal, Dan Collins, and Tommy Sestito. Vellucci acquired the Belleville Bulls' leading scorer Evan Brophey and the Toronto St. Michael's Majors goaltender Justin Peters, who had an extensive resume. On the last game of the season, the Whalers played the Saginaw Spirit, with the division title on the line, in what has been proven to be one of the most exciting OHL games in recent history. With the Whalers' 2–0 lead going into the third period, the Spirit fought back and managed the tying goal just before time expired. However, Brophey scored in overtime to clinch the Whalers' 9th division title.

During the 2006–07 season, rookie goaltenders Jeremy Smith and Michal Neuvirth, combined for the lowest goals against average in the OHL, with only 173 goals against in total. The Whalers had a number of high prospects signed or drafted by NHL teams, including former Wayne Gretzky 99 Award winner Daniel Ryder, who was acquired, with him already having been signed with the Calgary Flames. After a very inconsistent start, the team improved to fall short of the London Knights by one point for the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. During the second half of the season and through the playoffs, the Whalers featured a 23-game winning streak at home, lasting three and a half months, falling at Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals to London. The Whalers, although seeded #2, easily won the Wayne Gretzky Trophy as Western Conference playoff champion, sweeping #7 Guelph, and winning in 5 against both #3 Kitchener and #1 London. In the final, the Whalers defeated the Sudbury Wolves in six games to win the J. Ross Robertson Cup, thus earning the right to represent the OHL in the 2007 Memorial Cup.

In the Memorial Cup, the team suffered a rough start, losing to the Vancouver Giants 4–3 in overtime on May 18, and again to the Medicine Hat Tigers 4–1 on May 21. Their fortunes would change, however, on May 22, when they would defeat the Lewiston Maineiacs 2–1 in overtime, thus putting them in the tiebreaker game on May 24, in which they would defeat Lewiston again, 5–1, eliminating the Maineiacs from the Memorial Cup and advancing to the semifinal. However, on May 25, the Whalers would lose again to the Vancouver Giants in the semifinal round, this time in dramatic fashion by a score of 8–1. This way, the Whalers finished the 2007 Memorial Cup in third place.

During the 2007–08 season, the Whalers dealt the goaltender that led them to their 2007 OHL Championship, Michal Neuvirth, early to make room for Jeremy Smith to start. Neuvirth was among 12 players that left/were traded from that team, leaving the team looking to a number of young players for leadership. Chris Terry led the team in scoring and was helped by overage captain Andrew Fournier and up-and-comer AJ Jenks. In mid-December 2007, President and GM Mike Vellucci left his head coaching position for Greg Stefan. A late season injury to overage defenseman Wes Cunningham hampered the flow of the team, leading to an early playoff exit at the hands of the eventual OHL champions, the Kitchener Rangers.

Early in the 2008–09 season, Stefan was recalled to the Hurricanes, where Mike Vellucci came back to fill the head coaching role. Injuries and inconsistency plagued the team, as they fell to dead last in the league. After the coaching change, as well as key trades, including a short lived experiment with Cory McGillis, then-leading scorer Matt Caria from the Greyhounds, Scott Fletcher from the Ice Dogs, and the return from AHL-playing Brett Bellemore, the team saw a turn around by Christmas putting them back into the middle of the pack. At the deadline, as a result of Bellemore's return and the emergence of Matt Hackett as the new starting goaltender, Patrick Lee and Jeremy Smith were traded to Niagara for draft picks.

The 2009–10 season saw the Whalers led by league MVP Tyler Seguin along with other top scorers such as Myles McCauley.

On December 29, 2013, the Whalers and the London Knights broke the newly set Canadian Hockey League attendance record. The Knights and Whalers, playing in the second OHL game of the evening outdoors at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan (also the second outdoor game ever played in the OHL), played in front of 26,384 spectators. The Whalers won the game 2–1 in a shootout.

On January 14, 2015, owner Peter Karmanos announced that the Whalers would be relocated to Flint, Michigan after a sale of the team to the owner of Flint's Perani Arena and Event Center for the 2015–16 season. The OHL approved the sale, and the relocated franchise is named the Flint Firebirds. On March 15, the Whalers missed the playoffs for the only time. Six days later on March 21, the Plymouth Whalers played their final game in franchise history losing 5–1 to the Erie Otters.

Championships
The Plymouth Whalers have won eight divisional titles, five of them consecutively. Plymouth has also won three Hamilton Spectator trophies and reached the OHL Championship Finals three times, winning during the 2006–07 season.

J. Ross Robertson Cup OHL Champion Wayne Gretzky Trophy Western Conference Playoff Champion
 * 1999–2000 Finalists vs. Barrie Colts
 * 2000–01 Finalists vs. Ottawa 67's
 * 2006–07 Champions vs. Sudbury Wolves
 * 1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2006–07

Hamilton Spectator Trophy Season Champion
 * 1998–99 51 wins, 4 ties, 106 pts
 * 1999–2000 45 wins, 4 ties, 1 OTL, 95 pts
 * 2001–02 39 wins, 12 ties, 2 OTL, 92 pts

Bumbacco Trophy West Division Champion
 * 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2011–12, 2012-13

Coaches

 * 1995–01 Peter DeBoer (6 seasons) - DeBoer was promoted from assistant coach to become coach & general manager of the Whalers organization in 1995. DeBoer was twice voted the OHL Coach of the Year, winning the Matt Leyden Trophy in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons. DeBoer left to coach the Kitchener Rangers.
 * mid-2007-mid-2008 Greg Stefan (2 seasons) - Stefan began his coaching career in 1993 with the Detroit Junior Red Wings. He served as an assistant coach in Plymouth until 1998, and re-joined the Whalers as director of player development and assistant coach in 2003. Named head coach during the 2007–08 season when Vellucci moved to focus on the front office, Stefan left the Whalers in the middle of the 2008–09 season to take a scouting job with the Carolina Hurricanes.
 * 2001-mid-2007; mid-2008–pres Mike Vellucci (8th season) - Vellucci was promoted to President of the Plymouth Whalers in 2000 and was appointed the team's general manager and head coach in 2001. In 2007, Vellucci won the Matt Leyden Trophy as Ontario Hockey League Coach of the Year - the first American ever to win the award. Vellucci stepped down in the middle of the 2007–08 season to focus on his GM position.  He returned as head coach of the club in the middle of the 2008–09 season with Stefan's moving to the Hurricanes.

Retired numbers
14 - Pat Peake is the only number retired by the Whalers organization. Peake (who played in the Junior Red Wings era) was a two-season captain, the first MVP for the franchise in 1992–93, as well as Canadian Hockey League player of the year, and OHL Most Sportsmanlike player of the year. He has the most career points in franchise history.

Team captains

 * 1990–91 Paul Mitton
 * 1991 Mark Lawrence (traded)
 * 1991–93 Pat Peake
 * 1993–95 Jamie Allison
 * 1995–96 Bryan Berard
 * 1996–97 Mike Morrone
 * 1997–98 Andrew Taylor
 * 1998–00 Randy Fitzgerald
 * 2000–02 Jared Newman
 * 2002–03 Nate Kiser
 * 2003–04 James Wisniewski
 * 2004–05 Tim Sestito (home) & John Mitchell (away & playoffs)
 * 2005–06 John Vigilante
 * 2006–07 Steve Ward
 * 2007–08 Andrew Fournier (home & playoffs) & Chris Terry (away)
 * 2008–09 Chris Terry
 * 2009–10 AJ Jenks
 * 2010–12 Beau Schmitz
 * 2012–13 Colin MacDonald
 * 2013–14 Nick Malysa
 * 2014–15 Alex Peters

Award winners

 * 1997–98 - David Legwand: Canadian Hockey League Rookie of the Year, Emms Family Award OHL Rookie of the Year, Red Tilson Trophy Most Outstanding Player of the Year
 * 1998–99 - Robert Holsinger & Rob Zepp: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 1998–99 - Rob Zepp: Canadian Hockey League Scholastic Player of the Year, Bobby Smith Trophy OHL Scholastic Player of the Year
 * 1999–2000 - Rob Zepp and Bill Ruggiero: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 2000–01 - Rob Zepp and Paul Drew: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 2001–02 - Jason Bacashihua and Paul Drew: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 2001–02 - Jason Bacashihua: F.W. 'Dinty' Moore Trophy Best Rookie GAA
 * 2002–03 - Chad LaRose: Leo Lalonde Memorial Trophy Overage Player of the Year
 * 2002–03 - Paul Drew and Jeff Weber: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 2003–04 - James Wisniewski: Canadian Hockey League Defenceman of the Year, Max Kaminsky Trophy OHL Defenceman of the Year
 * 2006–07 - Michal Neuvirth & Jeremy Smith: Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
 * 2006–07 - Michal Neuvirth: F.W. 'Dinty' Moore Trophy Best Rookie GAA
 * 2008–09 - Chris Terry: Mickey Renaud Captain's Trophy Captain of the Year
 * 2008–09 - Chris Terry: Dan Snyder Memorial Trophy OHL Humanitarian of the Year
 * 2009–10 - Ryan Hayes: Dan Snyder Memorial Trophy OHL Humanitarian of the Year
 * 2009–10 - Ryan Hayes: Canadian Hockey League Humanitarian of the Year
 * 2009–10 - Tyler Seguin: Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy Most Points in the OHL
 * 2009–10 - Tyler Seguin: Red Tilson Trophy OHL Most Outstanding Player of the Year
 * 2009–10 - Tyler Seguin: Canadian Hockey League Top Prospect
 * 2012-13 - Vincent Trocheck: Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy Most Points in the OHL
 * 2012-13 - Alex Nedeljkovic: F.W. 'Dinty' Moore Trophy Best Rookie GAA
 * 2013-14 - Alex Nedeljkovic: OHL Goaltender of the Year

First round NHL Entry Draft picks
Players who were drafted in the first round of the NHL Entry Draft while playing for the Whalers franchise.
 * 1991: Pat Peake, 14th Overall, Washington Capitals
 * 1993: Todd Harvey, 9th Overall, Dallas Stars
 * 1995: Bryan Berard, 1st Overall, Ottawa Senators
 * 1998: David Legwand, 2nd Overall, Nashville Predators
 * 2000: Justin Williams, 28th Overall, Philadelphia Flyers
 * 2001: Stephen Weiss, 4th Overall, Florida Panthers
 * 2010: Tyler Seguin, 2nd Overall, Boston Bruins
 * 2011: Stefan Noesen, 21st Overall, Ottawa Senators
 * 2011: Rickard Rakell, 30th Overall, Anaheim Ducks
 * 2012: Tom Wilson, 16th Overall, Washington Capitals
 * 2013: Ryan Hartman, 30th Overall, Chicago Blackhawks

Second round NHL Entry Draft picks
Players who were drafted in the second round of the NHL Entry Draft while playing for the Whalers franchise.
 * 1993: Jamie Allison, 44th Overall, Calgary Flames
 * 1995: Nic Beaudoin, 51st Overall, Colorado Avalanche
 * 1997: Harold Druken, 36th Overall, Vancouver Canucks
 * 2000: Tomas Kurka, 32nd Overall, Carolina Hurricanes
 * 2000: Libor Ustrnul, 42nd Overall, Atlanta Thrashers
 * 2000: Kris Vernarsky, 51st Overall, Toronto Maple Leafs
 * 2003: David Liffiton, 63rd Overall, Colorado Avalanche
 * 2005: James Neal, 33rd Overall, Dallas Stars
 * 2007: Jeremy Smith, 54th Overall, Nashville Predators

NHL alumni
List of Plymouth Whalers alumni who have played in the National Hockey League.

 * Jamie Allison
 * Yuri Babenko
 * Jason Bacashihua
 * Brett Bellemore
 * Bryan Berard
 * Will Bitten
 * Jared Boll
 * Jesse Boulerice
 * Fred Brathwaite
 * Evan Brophey
 * Kevin Brown
 * Eric Cairns
 * Gregory Campbell
 * Connor Carrick
 * Jamie Devane
 * Harold Druken
 * Robert Esche
 * Matt Hackett
 * Todd Harvey
 * Sean Haggerty
 * Cole Jarrett
 * Michal Jordan
 * Tomas Kurka
 * Chad LaRose
 * Mark Lawrence
 * David Legwand
 * David Liffiton
 * Paul Mara
 * Eric Manlow
 * Philip McRae
 * Sonny Milano
 * J. T. Miller
 * Mike Minard
 * John Mitchell
 * James Neal
 * Alex Nedeljkovic
 * Michal Neuvirth
 * Stefan Noesen
 * Pat Peake
 * Justin Peters
 * Rickard Rakell
 * Keith Redmond
 * Mike Rucinski
 * Tyler Seguin
 * Tim Sestito
 * Tom Sestito
 * Karl Stewart
 * Damian Surma
 * Chris Terry
 * Chris Thorburn
 * Vincent Trocheck
 * Nikos Tselios
 * Kris Vernarsky
 * Jason Ward
 * Scott Wedgewood
 * Stephen Weiss
 * Derek Wilkinson
 * Justin Williams
 * Tom Wilson
 * Chad Wiseman
 * James Wisniewski
 * Bob Wren
 * Rob Zepp

Regular season
Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs

 * 1997–98 - Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in semi-finals.
 * 1998–99 - Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals.
 * 1999–2000 - Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals. Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 game to 1 in conference finals. Lost to Barrie Colts 4 games to 3 in finals.
 * 2000–01 - Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals. Defeated Erie Otters 4 game to 1 in conference finals. Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in finals.
 * 2001–02 - Lost to London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2002–03 - Defeated Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals. Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 3 in conference finals.
 * 2003–04 - Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2004–05 - Lost to Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2005–06 - Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals
 * 2006–07 - Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference finals. Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 2 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished tied for third place in Memorial Cup round-robin. Defeated Lewiston Maineiacs in tiebreaker round. Lost to Vancouver Giants in semi-finals.
 * 2007–08 - Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2008–09 - Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2009–10 - Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2010–11 - Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2011–12 - Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2012–13 - Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference finals.
 * 2013–14 - Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2014–15 - Out of playoffs.

Uniforms and logos

In 2009 all Canadian Hockey League teams came out with new Reebok EDGE Jerseys

The Plymouth Whaler logo featured an angry hockey stick-wielding whale, blowing a puck and spout of water out its blow hole. The name Whalers was superimposed on the image surround by a circle of green and blue with waves in the background.

The Whalers' white jersey had the whaler logo in the center with 3 even stripes on the sleeves and bottom of the jersey. The stripes are evenly spaced with two navy outer lines and one green inner line. The Whalers' blue jersey had the Whalers logo in the center with a white space and green space going down the sleeves. A third jersey was green with "WHALERS" written diagonally down the front.

Mascot
The Plymouth Whalers had a mascot named Shooter. His first game appearance was on December 11, 2003 against the Peterborough Petes.

Arena

Peter Karmanos arranged to build the Whalers a new home in Plymouth Township, Michigan as soon as the 1995–96 season ended. The Compuware Arena was constructed in six months' time, ready for the 1996–97 season, with a seating capacity of 3,807. In addition to the NHL-sized rink, there is an Olympic sized rink also in the building.

title: Plymouth Whalers


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Bernard Burke

Sir John Bernard Burke, (5 January 1814 – 12 December 1892) was a British genealogist and Ulster King of Arms, who helped publish Burke's Peerage.

Personal life
Burke, of Irish descent, was born at London and was educated in London and France. His father, John Burke (1787–1848), was also a notable genealogist who first produced, in 1826, a Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the United Kingdom. This work, generally known as Burke's Peerage, was issued annually starting in 1847.

While practising as a barrister Bernard Burke assisted his father in his genealogical work, including the two volumes entitled The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with their Descendants &c., which were not published until after his father's death (volume 1 in 1848, volume 2 in 1851), following which he took control of his publications. In 1853 Burke was appointed Ulster King of Arms.

In 1854, he was knighted. In 1855, he became Keeper of the State Papers in Ireland. After having devoted his life to genealogical studies he died in Dublin on 12 December 1892. He was succeeded as editor of Burke's Peerage and Landed Gentry by his fourth son, Ashworth Peter Burke.

Continuing his strong family tradition of genealogy and heraldry, another of Burke's sons, Sir Henry Farnham Burke, would eventually attain the office of Garter Principal King of Arms.

Works
In addition to editing Burke's Peerage from 1847 until his death, Sir Bernard brought out several editions of a companion volume, Burke's Landed Gentry, which was first published between 1833 and 1838. In 1866 and 1883 he published editions of his father's Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Scotland and Ireland, extinct, dormant and in abeyance (earlier editions, 1831,1840, 1846); and in 1855 and 1876 editions of his Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales (1st edition, 1847–1851). Integral to the study of historians was the publication in 1878 (enlarged edition in 1883) of his Encyclopaedia of Heraldry, or General Armory of England, Scotland and Ireland was published in 1848.

Sir Bernard's own works include:
 * The Roll of Battle Abbey (1848)
 * A Visitation of the Seats and Arms of the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Great Britain Vol. 1 (1852)
 * The Romance of the Aristocracy (1855)
 * The Romance of the Forum (1855-)
 * Vicissitudes of Families (1883, and several earlier editions)
 * The Rise of Great Families (1882)
 * A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry. Vols 1 & 2 (1891)

title: Bernard Burke


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Greek salad

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Greek salad
Delete—recipe. Postdlf 18:33, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Rewrote the article as a non-recipe stub...hope to expand it more in the near future Keep. Lotsolarin 18:49, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to WikiCookbook. Delete. Gazpacho 19:26, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Recipe.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:33, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't this be heading to the WikiCookbook? transwiki. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:42, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - even though this will never be more than a micro-article. I think there a few worthwhile things that can be said on the subject that aren't in the article yet. ike9898 20:44, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Jmabel 00:50, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, this is now a food stub, not a recipe. The recipe from the page's history should at some time be moved to the cookbook. Gentgeen 12:19, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Dittaeva 16:39, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, of course. anthony (see warning) 21:38, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. No longer a recipe. Where's the link to the recipe, though? Nohat 18:37, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I dunno... To me, it just reads like a recipe in prose form.  It's still basically just a list of ingredients, albeit without measurements.  Postdlf 00:02, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Do we even have a policy against recipes? anthony (see warning) 03:00, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, at the moment because Greek salad ought be treated in a consistant manner to Chicken salad, Egg salad,Fruit salad,Pasta salad, Potato salad, Somen salad,Tabouli,Waldorf salad and Watergate salad. There are historical developents, related events, cultural influences, variataions and interpretations and fictional references to many of these salads. I will add Greek salad to list of salads on salad, and start a discussion on Talk:salad, suggesting the merging of all the specific salad types onto the salad page. Richard Taylor 01:06, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)

Abdul Hamid Khan is the chairman of the Balawaristan National Front (Hameed group) (BNF-H), a sub-nationalist organisation. He founded the Balawaristan National Front Hameed Group (BNF-H), which sought autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan and opposed the construction of hydroelectric dams there. BNF-H was founded in 1995 by Abdul Hamid. In 1999, Abdul Hameed Khan left Pakistan. He spent 20 years living in India and Belgium. However, after spending 20 years living abroad, Abdul Hamid unconditionally surrendered to Pakistani security officials on 8 February 2019. His organisation, BNF-H, was banned by National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) on 26 February 2019.

Self-imposed exile
In 1999, Abdul Hamid Khan went to Nepal and later shifted to India. According to Pakistani officials, Abdul Hamid was recruited by Research & Analysis Wing (RAW). In India he met Col Arjun and Joshi. During his stay in India, he lived at luxury apartment in New Delhi. Later on, Abdul Hamid family including three sons were shifted to India and were admitted to various schools and colleges at Dehradun, where huge investment was made by RAW for 11 years (1999 to 2007 and 2015 to 2018). Abdul Hamid was provided with all kinds of Indian ID documents and was facilitated to run business.

According to Pakistani officials, Abdul Hamid Khan was shifted to Brussels in 2007 so that he could appear at international forums and take part in anti-Pakistani activities. One of his actions was to send letters to the international financial institutions to make the case that no funds should be provided to Pakistan for building six proposed dams in Gilgit-Baltistan or places like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan and Chitral districts that the BNF-H claims to be historically part of Gilgit-Baltistan.

Surrender
Abdul Hamid Khan unconditionally surrendered on 8 February 2019. Later on, the head of BNF-H student wing, Sher Nadir Shahi, also surrendered to the Pakistani security forces on 29 March 2019. Shahi was accused of trying to recruit people in Gilgit-Baltistan to join BNF-H. Abdul Hameed Khan was also the mentor of Sher Nadir Shahi.

Following their surrender Pakistani security forces conducted a major intelligence-based operation in May 2019. The operation busted the local chapter of BNF-H. In the operation, 14 more member of BNF-H were arrested. BNF-H members possessed huge cache of arms which was also captured by the security forces during the operation.

Pakistan security officials claim that Abdul Hameed Khan and Sher Nadir Shahi had links with the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Indian intelligence agency,. Furthermore, security officials disclosed that BNF-H had made long-term plans to sow chaos in Gilgit-Baltistan at the behest of RAW by brainwashing the people through secessionist and anti-state propaganda and also to conduct terrorist attacks against the state. According to Pakistani officials, RAW invested heavily in Abdul Hamid Khan, providing him with more than one billion Indian rupees. Out of the one billion Indian rupees, 700 million rupees were sent to Pakistan through different channels. The money was used to finance anti-Pakistani activities.

In 2020, he returned to Pakistan and ended his 23 year old exile after issuing an apology and claiming, “During my exile, 25,000 Euros was paid to me monthly by RAW to create unrest and instability in Gilgit-Baltistan. However, I used the money to support students by paying their tuition fees, and other needy people.”


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Saginaw Spirit

The Saginaw Spirit are a major junior ice hockey team based in Saginaw, Michigan. They are members of the West Division of the Western Conference of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), one of the Major Junior leagues of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). In 2024, the team won the Memorial Cup, their first championship since the franchise moved to Saginaw in 2002, and became only the third American team to win the Memorial Cup.

History
The Saginaw Spirit were born when Dick Garber, the owner of several local automobile dealerships, purchased the North Bay Centennials and moved the team to Saginaw after the 2001–02 season. Saginaw Spirit was named by an elementary school student attending Handley Elementary after a contest was held to name the new coming team.

The team traces its roots back to St. Catharines, Ontario, where it played as the Falcons, Teepees, and Black Hawks from 1943 to 1976. It won two Memorial Cup championships as the Teepees, in 1954 and 1960. In 1976, the franchise moved to nearby Niagara Falls, where it was known as the Flyers. In 1982, the team was moved again, this time to North Bay, and renamed the Centennials, where it remained until moving to Saginaw in 2002.

The Spirit have done extensive promotions in the Mid-Michigan area, increasing their fan base and season ticket-holder numbers. The Spirit have one of the highest attendance rates in the Ontario Hockey League.

After three rebuilding seasons, the Spirit clinched their first playoff berth on March 2, 2006, but lost in the first round to the Guelph Storm. Led by Todd Watson, they made the playoffs the following two seasons, but lost to the division rival Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds both times, in six games in 2007 and in four games in 2008. In 2009, the Spirit won their first playoff series since relocating to Saginaw, sweeping Guelph in four games. They were then swept in the second round by the London Knights.

On December 29, 2013, the Spirit and the Windsor Spitfires played the first ever outdoor game in Ontario Hockey League history. The game was played at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan. The Spitfires won the game 6–5 in front of a shortly lived Canadian Hockey League record of 25,749 spectators, surpassed later that night by the London Knights and Plymouth Whalers at the same venue.

In March 2023, the CHL announced the Spirit as hosts of the 2024 Memorial Cup, granting them an automatic berth. This was the first time that the United States hosted a Memorial Cup since the Spokane Chiefs in 1998. The Spirit won the championship over the London Knights, becoming only the third American team to win the Memorial Cup.

Coaches
The first coach in Saginaw Spirit history was Dennis Desrosiers. He was well known to local fans, with many years of hockey experience in Michigan. As a player, he spent 10 years for the Saginaw Gears (IHL), and spent time coaching the Flint Generals, Saginaw Generals & Kalamazoo Wings all in Michigan.

''List of coaches. Numbers of seasons in parentheses.''

 * 2002–03 – Dennis Desrosiers (2)
 * 2003–04 – Dennis Desrosiers / Moe Mantha
 * 2004–05 – Doug Lidster / Bob Mancini
 * 2005–07 – Bob Mancini (3)
 * 2007–11 – Todd Watson (5)
 * 2011-12 – Todd Watson / Greg Gilbert
 * 2012–16 – Greg Gilbert fired mid-season
 * 2016 – Moe Mantha (interim)
 * 2016–17 – Spencer Carbery
 * 2017–18 – Troy Smith
 * 2018–present – Chris Lazary

Award winners

 * 2003–04 – Patrick McNeill, Jack Ferguson Award - 1st overall OHL Priority Draft Selection
 * 2005–06 – Ryan Daniels, F.W. "Dinty" Moore Trophy - Best Rookie GAA
 * 2005–06 – Craig Goslin, OHL Executive of the Year
 * 2006–07 – Tom Pyatt, William Hanley Trophy - Most Sportsmanlike Player of the Year
 * 2006–07 – Craig Goslin, OHL Executive of the Year
 * 2011–12 – Brandon Saad, William Hanley Trophy - Most Sportsmanlike Player of the Year
 * 2011–12 – Greg Gilbert, Matt Leyden Trophy - Coach of the Year
 * 2015–16 – Will Petschenig, Dan Snyder Memorial Trophy - Humanitarian of the Year

Retired numbers

 * 89 – Vincent Trocheck
 * 22 – Brandon Saad

NHL alumni

 * Cody Bass
 * Paul Bissonnette
 * Chris Breen
 * T. J. Brodie
 * Ben Chiarot
 * Matt Corrente
 * Damien Giroux
 * Filip Hronek
 * John McFarland
 * Ryan McLeod
 * Pavel Mintyukov
 * Jan Mursak
 * Ryan O'Marra
 * Jamie Oleksiak
 * Cole Perfetti
 * Geoff Platt
 * Dalton Prout
 * Tom Pyatt
 * Brandon Saad
 * Michael Sgarbossa
 * Ilya Solovyov
 * Mitchell Stephens
 * Jordan Szwarz
 * Chris Thorburn
 * Owen Tippett
 * Vincent Trocheck

Regular season
Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs

 * 2002–03 Out of playoffs.
 * 2003–04 Out of playoffs.
 * 2004–05 Out of playoffs.
 * 2005–06 Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2006–07 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2007–08 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2008–09 Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2009–10 Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2010–11 Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2011–12 Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2012–13 Lost to London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2013–14 Lost to Erie Otters 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2014–15 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2015–16 Lost to Erie Otters 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2016–17 Out of playoffs.
 * 2017–18 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
 * 2018–19 Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 3 in conference finals.
 * 2019–20 Canceled.
 * 2020–21 Canceled.
 * 2021–22 Out of playoffs.
 * 2022–23 Defeated Flint Firebirds 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Sarnia Sting 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
 * 2023–24 Defeated Owen Sound Attack 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference finals. Hosted 2024 Memorial Cup. Won Memorial Cup versus London Knights.

Uniforms and logos
The Saginaw Spirit logo depicts an American bald eagle with the colors of the Stars and Stripes along its neck, on the words "Saginaw Spirit." The uniform scheme is similar to that previously used by the U.S.A. national team. The home jerseys are white backgrounds with navy blue sleeves and red trim. The away jerseys are navy blue backgrounds with red sleeves and white trim. The Saginaw third jersey has a red background with navy blue sleeves and white trim, bearing across the chest the word "Saginaw" spelled diagonally downwards from left to right.

Mascots
Saginaw's main mascot is "Sammy Spirit," resembling an American bald eagle. The team held a vote on their website to name a new secondary mascot for the 2006–07 season. The mascot was named Steagle Colbeagle the Eagle after Stephen Colbert. Colbert had promoted the contest on his show, The Colbert Report. After naming the mascot after Colbert, the Spirit won seven straight games before losing to the Sarnia Sting on October 20. Since then, The Colbert Report had featured ongoing comedy sketches related to the team, the mascot, and other teams in the Ontario Hockey League, especially the Oshawa Generals, and Oshawa, Ontario mayor John Gray. At one game, Spirit fans threw copies of General Motors' annual report, a reference to the fact that GM, the Generals sponsor, having poor earnings at the time. As a result of losing the game, the mayor of Oshawa created Stephen Colbert day.

Arena
The Spirit play at Wendler Arena (capacity 5,527), which is part of The Dow Event Center complex in downtown Saginaw. The OHL All-Star Classic was hosted here in 2007, the first time that the event was hosted in an American city.

Radio and TV
Games can be heard live on WSGW-FM (100.5 FM) with Dillon Clark on play-by-play joined by Dennis Desrosiers and Domenic Papa on color commentary.

Reruns of games can be viewed on WNEM-DT2 ("WNEM TV5 Plus"). Live telecasts are streamed online via CHL TV in the U.S. and Canada and aired on Rogers Cable and Cogeco via the  OHL Action Pak in Canada.

Mid Michigan Spirit
The Saginaw Spirit in partnership with Meijer food stores sponsor the Mid Michigan Spirit, a women's hockey club based in Midland, Michigan. The 16U team took second at the MAHA state tournament during the 2006–2007 season. A 16U team moved up to 19U for the 2007–2008 season and once again took second at the MAHA state tournament in Canton, Michigan on March 9, 2008.

title: Saginaw Spirit


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Mackinac Island State Park

Mackinac Island State Park is a state park located on Mackinac Island in the U.S. state of Michigan. A Lake Huron island, it is near the Straits of Mackinac. The island park encompasses 1800 acres, which is approximately 80% of the island's total area. The park is also within the boundaries of the city of Mackinac Island and has permanent residents within its boundaries. M-185 circles the perimeter of the park as the only motorless highway in the state due to the island's ban of automobiles. The park is governed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the Mackinac Island State Park Commission. On July 15, 2009, the park celebrated its 20 millionth visitor.

The park was first established as Mackinac National Park in 1875, which was the second national park established in the United States after Yellowstone National Park. In 1895, it was transferred to state control and reorganized as Mackinac Island State Park, which was the first state park in Michigan. The park contains many important historical and geological features, such as Fort Mackinac, Fort Holmes, other historic buildings, historic sites, limestone caves, and other unique rock formations. The park also operates the Mackinac Island Airport. Many of these sites are formally operated by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, which also operates two other parks around the Straits of Mackinac area: Colonial Michilimackinac and Historic Mill Creek Discovery Park.

War of 1812
Mackinac Island played an important role in the War of 1812 between the United States and Canada (then a British colony). Fort Mackinac, upon the island, was built by the British army during the Revolutionary War. The British later relinquished the fort to the Americans in 1796, but then built and maintained a similar fort on nearby St. Joseph Island. The two nations used their island forts in a struggle to maintain supremacy over the waters of northern Lake Huron. As one of the opening actions of the War of 1812, the British captured Fort Mackinac and maintained it as a British stronghold until the end of the war. An American attempt to recapture the fort in 1814 failed in the Battle of Mackinac Island. When the war ended with the Treaty of Ghent in 1815, the island was returned to American control.

National park
Mackinac National Park on March 3, 1875, was designed by Congress as the country's second national park after Yellowstone. Mackinac-born US Senator Thomas Ferry introduced the bill to do so after the Yellowstone designation. He argued that the active military personnel station there, as the island was then mostly a military reservation, would do double duty as caretakers of the island, which helped convince other congressmen. The park was placed within the United States Department of War.

With the leased parcel revenue plan in 1888, the fort was able to build trails, improve roads, and even put up an observation tower on the island's highest point at Fort Holmes.

The War Department decommissioned the fort given its lack of military strategic importance in 1890. With the decommissioning, the troops were moved off the island leaving no one to care for the park. The department suggested a sale of the park.

A grassroots lobbying campaign led in September 1895 for the U.S. government to turn over the park and fort to the State of Michigan. The state legislature established the Mackinac Island State Park Commission to manage the park and its structures as the first state park, Mackinac Island State Park.

Information centers

 * Soldiers' Barracks
 * Visitor Center
 * Mackinac Island Tourism Bureau

Historic buildings

 * Fort Mackinac - museum
 * Fort Holmes
 * Mission Church - museum
 * Mission House
 * American Fur Company Retail Store & Dr. Beaumont Museum - museum
 * Matthew Geary House
 * Benjamin Blacksmith Shop - museum
 * Biddle House - museum
 * Governor's Mansion (Lawrence Andrew Young Cottage)
 * Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum - formerly Indian Dormitory
 * McGulpin House - museum

Sites

 * Battlefield of 1814
 * British Landing
 * Cemeteries
 * Lime Kiln
 * Marquette Park
 * Wawashkamo Golf Club

Caves and rock formations

 * Arch Rock
 * Gitchi Manitou
 * Sugar Loaf
 * Cave of the Woods
 * Crack-in-the-Island
 * Eagle Point Cave
 * Skull Cave
 * Friendship's Altar
 * Sunset Rock (sometimes called Chimney Rock)
 * Devil's Kitchen
 * Robinson's Folly

Installations

 * Anne's Tablet

Mackinac State Historic Parks
Mackinac State Historic Parks is an agency within the Michigan Department of Natural Resources led by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission. The Parks consist of several parks, museum and other historical areas in the Straits of Mackinac area with the major groups includes Mackinac Island State Park, Michilimackinac State Park and Historic Mill Creek Discovery Park in Mackinaw City.

The agency is governed by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, a seven-member body. The commissioner are appointed by the governor to six year terms with confirmation by the Michigan Senate.

While a national park, the park was first overseen by the park superintendent, who was also the fort commander. With the military not wanting to fund the park, being non-military, and the National Park Service not formed until 1916, the department approved a revenue plan by a captain at the fort in which choice parcels would be leased to resorters to build summer cottages  which started in 1885.

When the park was turned over to the State of Michigan in 1895 to become the first state park, the state legislature established the Mackinac Island State Park Commission to manage the park and its structures.

Areas and attractions

 * Mackinac Island State Park, Mackinac Island
 * Fort Mackinac
 * Historic Downtown Mackinac
 * The Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum
 * Michilimackinac State Park
 * Colonial Michilimackinac
 * Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse
 * Historic Mill Creek Discovery Park, in Mackinaw City

title: Mackinac Island State Park


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Category:Rock songs

Rock songs are songs from various genres of rock music. This category should only contain subcategories and not individual articles.

title: Category:Rock songs


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Olympiakos

Olympiakos or Olympiacos may refer to:
 * Olympiacos CFP, a multisport club in Piraeus, Greece
 * Olympiacos F.C., the football department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiacos B.C., the basketball department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiacos S.C., the men's volleyball department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiacos Water Polo Club, the men's water polo department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiacos Women's Water Polo Team, the women's water polo department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiacos women's volleyball, the women's volleyball department of Olympiacos CFP
 * Olympiakos Chersonissos F.C., a football club in Chersonisos, Greece
 * Olympiakos Neon Liosion, a football club in Ilion, Greece
 * Olympiakos Nicosia, a football club in Nicosia, Cyprus
 * Olympiakos Patras F.C., a football club in Patras, Greece
 * Olympiacos Volou 1937 F.C., a football club in Volos, Greece

title: Olympiakos


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Tetradecane

Tetradecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)12CH3.

Tetradecane has 1858 structural isomers.

title: Tetradecane