text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Hawstom

Hawstom
Vote here
 * (21/4/0) ending 17:34 18 October 2004 (UTC)

Tom has had 1356 edits since 4 September 2004 2003, knows a lot about religion, and is strongly dedicated to NPOV. He's very skilled at seeking and reaching consensus, even on very tough topics. His style of writing is amazing. Kim Bruning 17:40, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Note: Rather than alter someone else's words, I'll just note that I am positive Kim means that Hawstom began here in 2003. He's certainly been around longer than 5 weeks -- I've seen his work on different pages for months and months. Jwrosenzweig 22:46, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Accept Thank you, Kim, for this kind, unsolicited extension of trust. Regardless of the outcome, your goodwill stirs me ever the more to live up to your expectations. Tom - Talk 16:53, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) I checked and discovered he wasn't an admin yet. ;-) Kim Bruning 17:40, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) —No-One Jones (m) 19:09, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) I'm pretty familiar with his work on Wikipedia, and he's a really good, NPOV contributor, particularly on religion issues. He's devoted to Wikipedia policies, and he's been actively involved in resolving a number of significant POV disputes; for good examples, see Talk:Mormonism and Christianity and Talk:Human. COGDEN 20:16, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) ugen64 20:48, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Tom has fewer edits, in my opinion, because he works on contentious articles, and, unlike so many of us, he works slowly and carefully to establish a consensus version of a contentious passage before adding it.  Rather than accumulate edits in the article space by hammering out a version in back and forth, he accumulates those edits on the talk page -- preferable, in my opinion.  Another fine editor with the perfect demeanor for admin who should not be penalized for his careful style simply because it generates fewer edits than those of us who forget to hit "Show Preview". Jwrosenzweig 20:59, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Everyking 21:04, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) You've got the right idea. I apologise, I thought you'd been around since September 2004. ;) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 21:10, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)
 * 8) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 00:35, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) I've worked with Tom and find him to be a patient, knowledgeable, and effective consensus-builder. If sysops are to be wikipedia's diplomats, Tom is a top-notch candidate. He edits, reverts, and adds impressive content to explosively POV subjects. His mine-walking should be acknowledged. Cool Hand Luke  06:59, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) I like what I see. {Ανάριον} 08:28, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 11)  ℛ yan! |  Talk  11:21, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) 172 12:36, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 13)  – Andre ( talk )  14:16, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Michael Snow 15:54, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 15) I know that my vote here will have no effect on how he treats what I say. ---Rednblu
 * I'm questioning the appropriateness of Rednblu's vote here when at this moment Hawstom is mediating serious allegations[] against him. This seems highly inappropriate. Comments anyone?--FeloniousMonk 08:18, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Knowledge and courtesy are okay in my book. Mackensen 03:00, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Should have been done a long time ago - Tom gets my support. -Visorstuff 18:44, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) I was originally going to oppose because most of Tom's article-related edits are focused on religious topics. It's generally a good thing to have admins with broad interests. But then I remembered that religion is a ridiculuously huge target for POV warriors; WP:RFC attracts Zionism like a magnet. In Tom, we have a reasonable, thick-skinned editor who prefers religion as a topic. On top of this, he follows the NPOV policy, acts as a mediator, and has said "I would most likely not initially use my administrative privileges at all". Whoa. Tom has my full support. • Benc • 01:07, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Skimmed through his history, and I'm impressed: consensus builder, and dedicated to NPOV. Also answered question 3 well. func(talk) 23:59, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) uc 14:39, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. ffirehorse 20:20, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Seems like a very nice user, prone to discussing things rationally and with courtesy. Problem is the 1356 edits; of those, 457 are in Talk:, 370 in User:, and only 23 are in Wikipedia:.  The rest of edits in a very narrow scope surrounding the religion subject. Sorry, doesn't meet my personal standards, since we can't gauge readiness. -- Netoholic @ 18:16, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)
 * 2) Agree with Netoholic. --Lst27 20:23, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Far too few edits by my standards. Would probably support after 2,000 edits and a wider variety in topics edited.  blankfaze |  (беседа!)  20:43, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I cannot in good faith support someone this new to the community, even with more than 1000 edits. You've got the right idea; come back in a month and a half. :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 21:03, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)
 * 1) Based on my recent experience with Hawstom mediating an dispute over a user's alleged POV campaigning in bad faith, I can not recommend Hawstom as an Admin. Though I do not doubt his initial intention to remain objective, in the mediation he publicly slipped a number of times in being overly deferential to one party and made several explicit and implied statements favoring one party in the mediation, both on User talk pages and by email. His NPOV in the dispute was far from complete/optimal. Hawstom also was unaware of the wikipolicy on Refactoring, a policy central to the allegations, and only became aware of it when I pointed it out. His method for resolving the dispute was lengthy, inefficient and did not produce tangible results. Questionable tactics employed by one party in the mediation went unchecked by Hawstom, as did a number of ad hominems. Additionally, Hawstom failed to respond/reply to my 5 emails sent in reply to his contacting me. When asked about this, he promised to respond to them but still has not. In defense of Hawstom he had a prior friendly working relationship with the defendant, so remaining genuinely neutral would have been a real struggle for anyone. But that also causes me to wonder why Hawstom initiated the mediation (I did not seek it), and that he mediate it, in the first place.--FeloniousMonk 07:31, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sure that FeloniousMonk is acting in good faith here, but as full disclosure, I'd like point out that FeloniousMonk is involved in said mediation. Kim Bruning 08:28, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Your additional disclosure is appreciated, but it was already apparent to anyone who followed the links to the mediation I've provided several times. I've never attempted hide my role. My opinion is the result of my direct personal experience with Hawstom. Please note Kim that you fail to make the same pointed full disclosure statement for Rednblu, also a participant in the mediation, who voted in support of Hawstom above. Being that you're the person who made the initial nomination for adminship, singling one out for mild censure while ignoring others could appear to be subtle cronyism. I'm curious why is it you only responded thusly to one who's position you disagree with, while ignoring another identically involved individual who's position you support? I've already voiced my concerns here about appearances of propriety.--FeloniousMonk 19:06, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You did the disclosure for Rednblu yourself. Kim Bruning 20:48, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but had you disclosed Rednblu's role, I would not have had to do so myself. Your reply here does not explain why you did not, nor does it address your reason for waiting to do so, and then only for my vote, until I voted in opposition. Based on what is seen here you apparently only insist on adding disclosures to those votes that differ from your own opinion in support of Hawstom. Fairness would dictate otherwise I think.--FeloniousMonk 06:39, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's called Tit for Tat. Kim Bruning 10:20, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Is that in the spirit of wikipedia? Time will tell whether my concerns over favoritism and cronyism based on what I've seen here are justified; patterns seldom fade. Thanks for your contribution clarifying my concerns.--FeloniousMonk 18:40, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think you missed the point. See your user talk. Kim Bruning 19:28, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Neutral
 * One voter above expresses a concern about Hawstom working on a "very narrow" area and I wonder how that's a bad thing. The lead quote on my user page is "Try to learn something about everything and everything about something."  A specialist, patrolling his fields, seems preferable to expecting him to police everything.  There are certain areas in Wikipedia I've never gone into--e.g. the hard sciences, religion--even where I have an interest because I don't trust myself to be able to competently contribute.  Strother Martin in Cool Hand Luke was right:  "A man's got to know his limitations."  PedanticallySpeaking 17:53, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * After being questioned often about other votes where I expressed that, I made up a personal page about my thoughts. There are two concerns when someone, who wants to be an admin, works on a very narrow scope of articles. First, there are a lot of maintenance tasks to be done here and admins are expected to do a lot of them, by virtue of those abilities granted. I myself tend to confine my major edits to a narrow scope of articles where I have particular knowledge – nothing wrong with that.  An admin candidate should show willingness to work outside their area doing what's needed, and many copyedit or maintenance tasks don't require major knowledge in that other area. My second concern is that an admin candidate, who is too tied to a subject area or a few articles, will cross the line and abuse the admin abilities to inappropriately "protect" that area of interest.  It certainly has happened before.  -- Netoholic @ 18:39, 2004 Oct 12 (UTC)
 * That first argument is totally flawed logic. We don't have a limited number of adminship positions.  If someone is an admin, and only uses the extra abilities very rarely or in a very limited area, they are still helping take a little of the load off the others.  I rarely use my admin-flagged abilities any more, but I don't abuse them and when I do use them it saves someone else the trouble. Isomorphic 18:50, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry if I'm confused - are you replying to my comments? I never said anything about a limited number of admin positions. -- Netoholic @ 19:57, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC)

Comments
 * I appreciate his efforts to mediate allegations of bad faith and NPOV at [], and will base my future vote up or down by 10/18 based on his objectivity and performance there.--FeloniousMonk 18:33, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

In reply to Felonius's remark, I don't think it's policy-wise wrong for Rednblu to vote, as Hawstom is mediating in an unofficial capacity. Honestly, even if Hawstom was acting as an official mediator or arbitrator in a case involving Rednblu, I don't think there's any policy opposing that. Ethically, I think each person has to decide on their own. It may be a mark of Rednblu's great esteem for Hawstom's fairness, in that he knows that Hawstom is an honest and just enough person not to be swayed by such things. That's my reaction. Jwrosenzweig 21:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I appreciate your response. I bring it up because outside of wikipedia, many organizations preclude plaintiffs/defendants from actively supporting a action that benefits the judge to avoid the appearance of impropriety, quid pro quo/one hand washing the other, etc.--FeloniousMonk 07:31, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. While 1) I sincerely thank Kim Bruning for extending the Wikipedia hand of trust to me, 2) I understand that adminship is to be "not a big deal", and 3) I therefore accept this unsolicited nomination, I am not schooled in the particular reasons why more admins are needed, and what chores I might best do. I would most likely not initially use my administrative privileges at all, and I anticipate I would slowly begin to use them as I became more appreciative of the need for them.  I have only recently begun to feel my community duty to the larger scope of Wikipedia, answering RFCs and welcoming anonymous editors.  These forms of "spreading my wings" don't require admin privileges.  So I leave it to my peers to judge whether I will soon be finding need for admin privileges as my sense of duty expands further. Tom - Talk 16:53, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. As I indicate on my user page, I am most pleased with the team efforts that have brought NPOV success to Mormonism and Christianity and Human. I am also recently pleased with my recently blossoming efforts in welcoming newcomers and helping other Wikipedians feel valued and understood. Tom - Talk 16:53, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Thanks to the shining example of Angela who first welcomed me gently in September 2003 when I created all kinds of new-user technical havoc, I have never felt the desire to be at odds with any user.  Energetic User:BoNoMoJo caused me great stress with some very difficult e-mails at one time, but I thankfully was able to respond cooly.  Wonderful Wesley caused me stress (not by any irresponsibility of his) early  on, but I don't think I ever allowed that stress to affect our relationship.  I have been fortunate to have dealt with all potential conflicts with patience, kindness, and respect.  I hope to continue to do the same always.  For an example of my worst behavior (pushing too hard, sacrificing relationship for issue), see Talk:Utah War.


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Miracatu

Miracatu is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 19,643 (2020 est.) in an area of 1001 km². The elevation is 27 m.

The municipality contains part of the 488865 ha Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area, created in 1984. It contains a small part of the 84,425 ha Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, a strictly protected area of well-preserved Atlantic Forest created in 1986.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1938.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Miracatu


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Alexander Hamilton Willard

Alexander Hamilton Willard (1777–1865) was a blacksmith who joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Origin
Alexander Hamilton Willard Sr. was born in July 1777 in the town Charlestown, New Hampshire, he was the oldest son of Lt Jonathan Willard and the only child of Betty Caswell.

Expedition
Willard had enlisted in a U.S. Army artillery company in 1800.

During an unsuccessful search for Baker Bay as part of the Lewis and Clark experdition, Willard and George Shannon were ordered to camp out and wait for the main party. While they were sleeping on the beach, a group of Native Americans took their guns, leaving them unarmed. The main party returned in such a timely manner as to startle the Native Americans into returning the guns. Although Willard had redeemed himself by this point, he had previously received the harshest punishment distributed to a member of the Corps of Discovery; "Court Martial on the Trail". The charges were lying down and sleeping at his post while on guard duty: a military crime punishable by death. The punishment was issued on July 12, 1804, and consisted of 100 lashes divided evenly over four straight days at sunset.

During a portage around the Missouri River Falls in July 1805, Alexander Willard was attacked by a "White Bear", Clark gathered three men and chased the bear off. The island nearby later became known as White Bear Island in memory of that event. In 1806 during his stay at Fort Clatsop, Willard fell ill and then recovered.

With the Corps of Discovery, he assisted John Shields as a blacksmith. In 1808, Meriwether Lewis hired him as government blacksmith for the Sauk and Fox Indians; the following year, he was appointed to the same position for the Delawares and Shawnees. He later served in the War of 1812.

Marriage
Half a year after the completion of the expedition, February 14, 1807, Alexander married Eleanor McDonald. She gave birth to their twelve children. They lived for many years at Platteville, Wisconsin.

 * Austin James Willard
 * George Clark Willard
 * Alexander Hamilton Willard Jr
 * Eliza Martha Willard
 * Roland Rudolph Willard
 * Christiana D. Willard
 * Joel Willard
 * Nancy Adeline Willard
 * Narcissa C. Willard
 * Eleanor C. Willard
 * Lewis Augustus Willard
 * Willis Willard

Death
Alexander Hamilton Willard Sr. died in March 1865. He is buried in Franklin Cemetery in Franklin, Sacramento County, California.

title: Alexander Hamilton Willard


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Mirandópolis

Mirandópolis is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 29,706 (2020 est.) in an area of 918 km2. The elevation is 429 m. Nickname is Cidade labor (labor city), and Demonymis mirandopolense.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1944.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Mirandópolis


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.410 bore

The .410 bore (10.4 mm) is one of the smallest caliber of shotgun shell commonly available (along with the 9mm Flobert rimfire cartridge, and the less common .22 rimfire shot shell). A .410 bore shotgun loaded with shot shells is well suited for small game hunting and pest control. The .410 started off in the United Kingdom as a garden gun along with the .360 and the No. 3 bore (9 mm) rimfire, No. 2 bore (7 mm) rimfire, and No. 1 bore (6 mm) rimfire. .410 shells have similar base dimensions to the .45 Colt cartridge, allowing many single-shot firearms, as well as derringers and revolvers chambered in that caliber, to fire .410 shot shells without any modifications.

Origin

Lancaster's pattern centerfire and pinfire .410 shot cartridges first appeared in Eley Brothers Ltd. flysheets in 1857. By 1874, Eley were advertising modern centerfire .410 cartridges. It appears to have become popular around 1900, although it was recommended as "suited to the requirements of naturalists, garden guns and for such weapons as walking-stick guns", presumably for self-defense, in 1892 by W. W. Greener. The first ammunition was 2.0 inches (50.8 mm) long, compared with the modern 2.5 (63.5 mm) and 3.0 in sizes. Aluminum shells are available but are not reloadable, as are paper or plastic shells. Full length brass shells can be found and are reloadable. Brass shells can be made from .444 Marlin rifle cartridges, and these are reloadable.

Shotguns in .410 loaded with shot shells are well suited for small game hunting and pest control. Such game or pests include rabbits, squirrels, snakes, rats, and birds. A .410 loaded with 1/4 ounce slugs is effective against larger animals such as coyotes and deer.

While a .410 is inferior to the traditional 12-gauge shotshell for defensive use, a number of companies market defensive guns chambered in .410, such as the Mossberg 500 Home Security Model shotgun, the Smith & Wesson Governor revolver, and the Taurus Judge revolver. Defensive ammunition such as buckshot, slugs and combination loads are common. American Derringer and Winchester market ammunition loaded with five 000 buckshot pellets in 3 in shells and three pellets in 2.5 in shells. Combination shells such as Winchester Supreme Elite .410 shells are loaded with three 71 grain disks and twelve BB pellets.

Survival arms

The small size of the .410 bore makes it popular for use in compact firearms carried for emergency use, and it is often found in over-and-under combination guns, with a .22 Hornet or .22 rimfire rifle barrel mounted above and a .410 bore shotgun barrel mounted below.

The Snake Charmer is a .410 bore, stainless-steel, single-shot, break-action shotgun with an exposed hammer, an 18+1/8 in barrel, black molded plastic furniture, and a short thumb-hole buttstock that holds four additional 2+1/2 in shotgun shells. These light-weight 3+1/2 lb guns have an overall length of 28+1/8 in. They are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for pest control. It originally sold for $89.95 and was marketed as a general-purpose utility shotgun "perfect" for "fishing — hunting — camping — back packing — survival — home defense — truck or Jeep gun".

The Savage Model 24 is an American-made, over-and-under, combination gun, manufactured by Savage Arms. The basic .22LR over .410 bore model weighs 7 lb, has 24 in barrels, and an overall length of 41 in. It may also be disassembled for ease of stowage. Its predecessor was made by Stevens and sported a tenite stock and forearm. In WWII, 15,000 were ordered and issued in air crew survival kits for Army Air Force bomber crews to be used as survival arms in the event that they were shot down.

The M6 aircrew survival weapon was made for the US Air Force, with a .22 Hornet rifle barrel mounted over a .410 bore shotgun barrel and was first issued in the Korean War. The military also lists an aluminum .410 3 in shell, with a rifle primer, as standard issue under the ammunition inventory name M-35. The civilian version Springfield Armory M6 Scout has a .22 rimfire or .22 Hornet over a .410 bore shotgun barrel. The original M6 has a 14 in barrel, the same length as the stock, and folds in half for storage, making a compact package. With the short barrel, this is legally classified as an any other weapon in the United States, so the M6 Scout is made with 18.5 in barrels for civilian sales. Special flare cartridges in .410 were issued with the USAF model.

Handguns and shot pistols
The fact that the .410 bore shell fits in a .45 Colt chamber has resulted in some unusual applications. While shotguns are often limited in minimum length, a firearm chambered in .45 Colt, such as the Contender pistol, is not defined as a shotgun even though it can chamber shotgun shells. In the UK, .410 shot-pistols are used around pheasant pens to kill rats where a full-length shotgun would be inappropriate.

The Thompson Center Arms Contender pistols are commonly encountered with a special .45 Colt/.410 bore barrel. The barrel is rifled for the .45 Colt but has a special choke and vent rib to make it function as a shotgun. Due to the rifled barrel, the assembled firearm is considered a rifle or pistol (depending on barrel length) and thus is not subject to the National Firearms Act's 18 in minimum barrel length. Nonetheless, possession of a Thompson Center Arms .45/.410 pistol barrel is illegal in California, for both dealers and individuals, and such a barrel may not legally be shipped into the state, or even taken into California for a hunting trip, by reason of it being classified as a short barreled shotgun (SBSG) when used with a Contender receiver.

American Derringer has long offered .45 Colt-.410 bore Derringers. Bond Arms also offers various Derringer models which chamber both .45 Colt cartridges and .410 shotshell.

Also, Taurus, Magnum Research, and Smith & Wesson offer revolvers with extended cylinders, long enough to hold .410 shells as well. Magnum Research offers a single-action revolver in their BFR (big frame revolver) line, while the Taurus Judge is similar in price to their other double-action revolvers, with the Raging Judge model capable of chambering and firing the .454 Casull cartridge. The Smith & Wesson Governor is a double-action revolver also capable of firing .45 Colt as well as .45 ACP cartridges with the aid of moon clips. The discontinued MIL Thunder 5 is also chambered in .410-bore. Over the years, a large number of devices have been made that will convert larger-gauge shotguns to accept .410 shotgun shells.

Capacity, compared to other gauges
Most shotgun cartridges are measured in terms of shotgun gauge. Shotgun gauge is determined by the weight of a round lead ball that is sized to fit into its barrel. For example, the barrel of a 12-gauge shotgun is equal to the diameter of a 1/12 a pound lead ball (0.729 in) and a 20-gauge can fit a 1/20 a pound lead ball (0.615 in). Using this method, a .410 bore is equivalent to a (hypothetical) 67-gauge, instead of the incorrectly labeled 36 gauge (0.506) in Europe and South America.

title: .410 bore


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Mirante

Mirante is a municipality in the state of Bahia in Brazil. The population is 8,447 (2020 est.) in an area of 1173 km2.

title: Mirante


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Mirante do Paranapanema

Mirante do Paranapanema is a city in the western part of the state of São Paulo, in Brazil. It is part of the microregion of Presidente Prudente. The population is 18,338 (2020 est.) in an area of 1239 km2. The altitude is 448 m. It is situated near the Paranapanema River, which forms the border with the state of Paraná here.

The municipality contains part of the 246800 ha Great Pontal Reserve, created in 1942.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Mirante do Paranapanema


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Simmons

Michael Simmons was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Vanity. --jpgordon {gab} 17:45, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete, vanity/nonsense. "Early Delete" can't come soon enough. Go vote for it!  — Bill 17:59, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. This could even be speedied. --Neschek 18:00, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I concur, of course, with Early Deletion, but the extension of the voting is now drawing childish taunts. It's very disheartening.  At any rate, this could be speedy deleted as a prank. Geogre 18:45, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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NAFI

NAFI may refer to:

Organizations

 * National Association of Fire Investigators
 * National Association of Flight Instructors (USA)
 * North American Forum on Integration (Canada, Mexico, USA

People

 * Nafi‘ al-Madani, one of the seven canonical transmitters of Qur'an reading
 * Abu Suhail an-Nafi, an Islamic scholar

title: NAFI


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Paraguayan Civil War (1947)

The Paraguayan Civil War (also known as the Barefoot Revolution and the Third Paraguayan Civil War) was a civil war in Paraguay that lasted from 7 March to 20 August 1947.

Background
In 1940 President Higinio Morínigo suspended the constitution and banned political parties. Resistance to his rule took the form of general strikes and student riots. In 1946 Morínigo legalized political activity and formed a cabinet with the Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration and the Colorado Party. The Febreristas resigned from the coalition on January 11, 1947, angry that Morínigo seemed to be favoring the Colorados.

Conflict
The Febreristas made common cause with the Liberal Party and the Paraguayan Communist Party. Former Paraguayan president and founder of the Febrerista Party Rafael Franco led a rebellion that mushroomed into a civil war as the Paraguayan armed forces, which had previously remained loyal, split.

The Communist Party became increasingly active, organizing rural peasants and workers and pushing for agrarian reform. Meanwhile, the United States began a campaign to combat communism throughout the Americas, which included supporting right-wing governments and political movements. As a result, the U.S. backed Juan Natalicio Gonzalez, a wealthy landowner and political ally, in leading the 1947 coup against President Morinigo.

On the rebels' side were all the political parties except the Colorados, most of the bankers and administrators and 80% of military officers. Out of 11 army divisions, four joined the rebels: on March 8 the two infantry divisions at Concepcion rebelled, joined by the two Chaco infantry divisions a few days later.

On the government's side were the Colorados, three cavalry divisions at Campo Grande; three Asunción divisions (infantry, signallers and engineers) and the artillery division from Paraguari equipped with World War II American weapons, specifically M1 Garand rifles and American-supplied captured weapons such as the German MP 40 submachine gun, giving the Colorados superior firepower. Most importantly, Argentina under Juan Perón gave vital support to the government without which they might well have fallen.

On April 27 the navy joined the rebellion and shelled Asunción; they were fought off by the artillery division that had come from Paraguarí, commanded by Gen. Alfredo Stroessner. The largest gunboats of the fleet, Paraguay and Humaita, were seized by the rebels in Buenos Aires while they were undergoing repairs.

Morínigo fought back and eventually gained the upper hand, and had won back control by August 1947. A third of the population had fled.

title: Paraguayan Civil War (1947)


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Rochester Community Sports Complex Stadium

Rochester Community Sports Complex Stadium, also called the "downtown soccer stadium", is a soccer-specific stadium in Rochester, New York within the Rochester Community Sports Complex. It is home to the Flower City Union of the National Premier Soccer League. Previously to the Flower City Union, the stadium was home in 2018 to the Rochester Lancers and Lady Lancers of the NPSL and UWS, respectively. The stadium originally hosted the Rochester Rhinos of the USL, the Rochester Rattlers of MLL, and the Western New York Flash of the NWSL.

The stadium hosts other sporting events such as collegiate soccer, Rochester Rhinos Elite youth soccer games and practices, American football, field hockey and drum and bugle corps competitions as well as concerts, as well as occasionally hosting the New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) Section V football championship and Far West Regional championship (played between Sections V and VI). It is owned by the City of Rochester and is operated as a youth sports complex.

History
The stadium was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous). It was constructed on a filled-in section of the Erie Canal's original routing through Rochester. This was also once the route of the Rochester Subway, which was built in the old canal bed and ended operations in 1956. The facility was funded jointly by the state of New York, the city of Rochester, and the Rhinos (the State of New York paying $23 million while the Rhinos and the city paid the remaining amount). Infrastructure improvements will be paid for by the city of Rochester.

The park hit some minor stumbling blocks even before the first shovel hit dirt: the original designs needed to be revised when it was revealed that the playing field was below the water table, and the environmental impact report revealed that the site had pockets of petroleum that needed to be treated. The groundbreaking took place on July 9, 2004, and the first phase of the construction was completed. The stadium had its grand opening (as PAETEC Park) on June 3, 2006, which featured the Rhinos' first home game of the season. The game was played in front of a capacity crowd of 13,768 fans and ended in a 2–2 draw against the Virginia Beach Mariners.

On August 22, 2018, it was announced that the Rhinos, then on a 1-year hiatus from the United Soccer League, would be leaving Marina Auto Stadium to pursue building a new stadium in the suburbs of Rochester.

In 2021, the city of Rochester added new facilities on the property that includes the stadium, by adding an indoor training facility to the Rochester Community Sports Complex.

Naming rights
Naming rights to the park were purchased by PAETEC Communications, a local telecommunications company, in 2004 for a reported total of $23 million over 12 years. When the club changed ownership, the agreement was voided at the end of the 2008 season.

The stadium then became known as Rochester Rhinos Stadium. In mid-2009, the team had a raffle to determine the naming rights for the stadium. For each $1,000 an individual, group, company, or other entity paid to the Rhinos, they were given one chance to win the right to name the stadium. On May 30, 2009, the night of the Rhinos' 2009 home opener, Marina Auto Group, a Webster-based automobile dealership group, won the raffle. The Marina Auto name was retained through 2010 under a traditional naming rights agreement.

On February 10, 2011, it was announced that the new name of the stadium would be Sahlen's Stadium after the deal with Marina Auto expired. This was part of a five-year naming rights agreement with Sahlen's Packing Company, Inc. of Buffalo, New York, with an option to renew the agreement for another five years. The cost of the agreement was not released, but was estimated at $2 million. In October 2015, the stadium operators announced that they would not exercise the option to continue the existing naming agreement with Sahlen's, but would instead seek a new agreement. In the interim, the stadium reverted to being known as Rochester Rhinos Stadium. On January 24, 2017, Capelli Sport entered a corporate partnership with the Rhinos and the stadium was renamed Capelli Sport Stadium.

Marina Auto Group entered into a new naming rights deal in 2018, reverting the name of the stadium back to Marina Auto Stadium. Without a regular tenant from 2019 the facility became known as "the downtown soccer stadium" as part of the City of Rochester's Community Sports Complex.

Events
The Rochester Rhinos and Rochester Rhinos Women soccer teams of the USL First Division and USL W-League, respectively, and the Rochester Rattlers of Major League Lacrosse moved to the facility in 2006. The Rattlers were dissolved following the 2008 MLL season but returned for the 2011 MLL season. The Rochester Rhinos Women dissolved and were replaced by the Rochester Ravens in 2009; the Ravens were replaced by the Western New York Flash in 2011. The Flash then played matches in the stadium until they were purchased in January 2017 and moved to Cary, North Carolina.

PAETEC Park hosted Major League Lacrosse championship weekend in 2007.

On June 5, 2010, the stadium was the site of the first outdoor game in Indoor Football League history as the Rochester Raiders faced off against the Chicago Slaughter.

The Drum Corps Associates drum corps championships were held at the stadium each Labor Day weekend from 2006–2011. The championships returned to Rochester from 2014–2017 and also for the 2022 and 2023 seasons.

International friendlies

 * On September 13, 2006, the United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) played an international friendly against Mexico, winning 3–1 in front of 6,784.
 * On July 19, 2009, the USWNT played an international friendly against Canada in front of 8,433, winning 1–0 on a goal scored by Rochester native Abby Wambach.
 * On September 1, 2012, the USWNT played international friendly against Costa Rica in front of 13,208 fans as part of their 2012 Olympic championship celebration, winning 8–0.
 * On September 18, 2014, the USWNT played an international friendly against Mexico in front of 5,680 fans, winning 4–0.
 * In July 2006, the Rochester Rhinos hosted Sheffield Wednesday for an international friendly in front of 6,289 fans, losing 0–2.

Prior to the stadium's construction, the team also played matches at Frontier Field and at Eunice Kennedy Shriver Stadium in Brockport.


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Jet Set Radio

Jet Set Radio (ジェット セット ラジオ) (originally released in North America as Jet Grind Radio) is a 2000 action game developed by Smilebit and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. The player controls a member of a youth gang, the GGs, as they use inline skates to traverse Tokyo, spraying graffiti, challenging rival gangs, and evading authorities.

Development was headed by director Masayoshi Kikuchi, with art by Ryuta Ueda. The team drew influence from late 1990s Japanese popular culture such as the rhythm game PaRappa the Rapper and the anti-establishment themes in the film Fight Club, and 1980s American hip hop culture such as graffiti. The environments were based on Tokyo shopping districts in Shibuya and Shinjuku, with graffiti designed by artists including Eric Haze. Jet Set Radio was the first game to use a cel-shaded art style, developed in response to the team's disappointment with the abundance of sci-fi and fantasy Sega games.

Jet Set Radio received acclaim and is considered one of the better games of the decade for its graphics, soundtrack and gameplay. It won several awards and was nominated for many others. A Game Boy Advance version, developed by Vicarious Visions, was released in 2003, along with versions for Japanese mobile phones. In 2012, Jet Set Radio was rereleased for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, iOS, Windows, PlayStation Vita and Android. A sequel, Jet Set Radio Future, was released for the Xbox in 2002. A third Jet Set Radio game is currently in development.

Gameplay
The player controls a member of a gang of graffiti-tagging inline skaters. The game consists of three types of levels: Street, Rival Showdown, and Trial. The Street levels come in two categories. The first is to tag every graffiti point in each area previously tagged by a rival gang before the timer runs out while evading the authorities. The second category serves as a boss battle by chasing the rival gang members and spraying graffiti on them. The more graffiti points are sprayed, the more deadly the authorities become. Graffiti points are marked by arrows and require paint to tag them. Players can spray graffiti by either pressing a single button or inputting commands using the analog stick depending on the size of the graffiti spot. Players are unable to spray graffiti if they run out of paint, which must be refilled by obtaining yellow and blue spray cans scattered across the stage. Yellow spray cans refill a single spray can, and blue spray cans refill five. Enemies will pursue players and attempt to deplete their health. Health can be replenished by obtaining red and green spray cans. Performing tricks adds bonus points to the player's overall score and can help the player gain access to areas difficult to reach.

In Rival Showdown levels, more playable characters can be unlocked after they are defeated by matching the rival's movements in technique sections or by spraying graffiti before the rival in race sections. Trial levels are unlocked after Street and Rival Showdown levels are cleared in a specific area. There are three kinds of trials: Jet Graffiti, Jet Tech, and Jet Crash. In Jet Graffiti, the objective is to spray all the graffiti points within the time limit. Jet Tech prioritizes in obtaining the top score within the time limit. In Jet Crash, the objective is to reach the goal and spray graffiti on it before the opponent. Players can customize their graffiti by choosing presets, or create their own using the Graffiti editor. By using a VMU, players can upload their graffiti to the official website for other players to use or download graffiti from other players. More Graffiti presets can be unlocked by collecting Graffiti Soul icons scattered throughout stages.

Plot
DJ Professor K broadcasts the pirate radio station Jet Set Radio to gangs of youths known as the Rudies, who roam Tokyo-to, skating and spraying graffiti. One gang, the GGs, competes for turf with the all-female jilted lovers Love Shockers in the shopping districts of Shibuya-Cho, the cyborg otaku Noise Tanks in the Benten entertainment district, and the kaiju-loving Poison Jam in the Kogane dockyard. The authorities, led by Captain Onishima, pursue the gangs with riot police and military armaments. After the GGs defeat Poison Jam, Noise Tanks, and Love Shockers in turf wars, they each drop a piece of a mysterious vinyl record. Professor K says that the mysterious vinyl record collected is The Devil's Contract and has the power to summon a demon.

The GGs are joined by Combo and Cube, who explain that their hometown, Grind City, has been overtaken by the Rokkaku Group business conglomerate. They ask the GGs to help them to free their friend, Coin, who has been captured by the Rokkaku Group, due to their interest in his massive vinyl collection. The Rokkaku pursue the GGs and steal The Devil's Contract. Poison Jam explains that the Rokkaku CEO, Goji Rokkaku, plans to use the record to make a contract with the demon and take over the world. The GGs defeat Goji in the rooftop of his headquarters by destroying his turntable and render him powerless to the evil powers summoned by tagging his forehead. Freedom is returned to the streets of Tokyo-to. In a twist, Combo reveals that The Devil's Contract is an old record with no demonic powers and that wealth had driven Goji to insanity. DJ Professor K addresses to those with doubts in his audience that this story is up to them to believe, but he ends the transmission with "On the streets, there's no such thing as 'The End'!"

Development
Jet Set Radio was developed by Smilebit, a Sega studio formed from members of Team Andromeda, the developers of the Panzer Dragoon games for the Sega Saturn. The development team consisted of fewer than 25 developers, with an average age of under 25. Programming began in mid-1999. The game was announced at the 1999 Tokyo Game Show and drew media attention for its cel-shaded style. During the early stages of development, director Masayoshi Kikuchi had difficulty leading the team without prior directing experience. The visual style was established prior to the gameplay; according to Kikuchi, it could have become an adventure game or role-playing game. His superiors were not satisfied with early concepts, and so Kikuchi used trial and error to develop a concept that he believed everyone would find interesting.

Ueda wanted to create something "cool" that dealt with popular culture and was completely unlike the team's previous game, the 1998 role-playing game Panzer Dragoon Saga. Ueda's drawings of a punky character with headphones and rollerblades became the foundation of the game. Ueda had joined Sega after being impressed by the "freshness" and international appeal of Sonic the Hedgehog, but was disappointed with the excessive focused saturation of overtly fantastical manga and anime-style designs, and hoped to create something original. Smilebit drew inspiration from games outside the typical game genres of science fiction and fantasy. Ueda was particularly inspired by a demonstration of the PlayStation rhythm game PaRappa the Rapper at the 1996 Tokyo Game Show: "I think that's the first game with pop culture like that. They did it first. After that I decided to make a true game, not just a visual experience, that was actually for adults." The anti-establishment themes of the 1999 film Fight Club were another influence.

Smilebit used thicker lines for stand-out objects. Smilebit developed a new cel-shading technique not used at the time as it would not have been possible on the Dreamcast or PlayStation 2. The game features graffiti by a variety of artists, including Eric Haze, who had designed album art for acts including the Beastie Boys and Public Enemy. Smilebit initially planned to make a skateboarding game, but this was changed due to the legs having to be fixed.

Jet Set Radio was one of the earliest games to feature an open 3D world, which presented the team's biggest challenge. Kikuchi said: "Making an entire town in a game was quite the prospect. It's not hard with modern hi-spec hardware, but that wasn't the case back then... It was very difficult from a programming standpoint." Another Sega game developed in that period, Shenmue (1999), also featured an open world, but Kikuchi said the games posed different technical challenges, as Shenmue does not allow the player to jump or move at speed. The team implemented grinding to allow players to enjoy speed without worrying about colliding with obstacles. Smilebit chose to have a fixed camera as an attempt to reduce motion sickness. They attempted to make the game impossible to duplicate on PlayStation 2 by pushing the Dreamcast limitations using bright colors, realistic shadows, and more than sixteen NPCs on-screen without lag that would have been impossible on PS2 due to its smaller memory.

The settings were inspired by Japanese locations such as the Tokyo shopping districts of Shibuya and Shinjuku, which Smilebit photographed to use as references. Sega feared that the game's style might alienate players outside Japan and requested changes for the international versions. The team added stages modeled after New York City: one based on Times Square, and another on Roosevelt Avenue along Queens and Brooklyn, and changed the nationality of two characters to American. The interactive credits sequence of the Japanese version was also cut, as localizing it would have meant rebuilding the stage with English names. Sega sold the international version in Japan as De La Jet Set Radio. Ueda was unhappy about the changes, which he said diminished the game's essential Japanese elements.

Soundtrack
The Jet Set Radio soundtrack includes original and licensed tracks with a variety of genres including J-pop, hip hop, funk, electronic dance, rock, acid jazz, and trip hop. The main theme of the game is called "Let Mom Sleep". The North American version and international rereleases add metal songs. The 2012 port omits "Yappie Feet" and "Many Styles" for licensing reasons. The music has been described as energetic, rhythm-heavy, defiant, and multicultural. Most of the soundtrack was composed by Hideki Naganuma, with additional tracks by Richard Jacques, Deavid Soul, Toronto, and B.B. Rights. Naganuma attempted to match the visual style, and experimented with voices, cutting, and rearranging samples to the point that they became nonsensical. In 2012, Naganuma said Jet Set Radio and its sequel had been his favorite projects. Smilebit worked with Sega of America and Sega of Europe to include as many street culture elements as possible, hoping to create music that was internationally acceptable.

A soundtrack CD for the game titled Jet Grind Radio Music Sampler, was given to people who pre-ordered the game in the United States, featuring 10 tracks from the game, 4 of which do not appear in any version of Jet Set Radio and are exclusive to the disc. It was distributed by Interscope Records. The soundtrack CD, Jet Set Radio Original Soundtrack (UPCH-1048), featured 19 tracks including a data track from the game and was distributed by Polydor Records on December 20, 2000, in Japan. For the HD release, a new soundtrack CD titled Jet Set Radio: Original Soundtrack with Bonus Tracks from JSRF, was distributed by Sumthing Else on September 18, 2012, for North America and Europe, containing a total of 17 tracks, 10 from the game and 7 additional tracks from the sequel, Jet Set Radio Future. A second soundtrack for the HD version, Jet Set Radio: Sega Original Tracks, was distributed by Sega, containing 15 tracks and was released on iTunes on October 3, 2012 alongside Jet Set Radio Future: Sega Original Tracks.

Promotion and release
Jet Set Radio was released in Japan on June 29, 2000. In North America, it was released on October 31 as Jet Grind Radio due to trademark problems for "Jet Set" in the United States at the time. The PAL version was released later on November 24 under the original name. The North American and PAL versions contained two new maps, new songs, and other in-game content designed to increase the game's appeal to Western audiences. To promote the North American release, Sega of America held a "Graffiti is Art" competition for contestants to enter their own graffiti art pieces to Sega. Sega chose five finalists and flew them into San Francisco, California on October 21, where they competed to make graffiti art pieces on a canvas within a 3 and a half-hour timeframe for a prize of $5000. Mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown discovered the competition and attempted to revoke Sega of America's permit, but was unsuccessful due to obtaining the permit legally.

Alternative versions
Sega re-released the game in Japan under the name De La Jet Set Radio. (デ・ラ・ジェット セット ラジオ) This version was released on October 18, 2001, in Japan via Dreamcast Direct (later renamed Sega Direct) and included a T-shirt featuring the protagonist Beat for those who pre-ordered. This version features content that was originally exclusive to PAL and North American versions, namely music, two playable characters, and two stages.

Mobile versions
Jet Set Radio was remade as two 2D mobile versions. The first, Typing Jet, (タイピング ジェット) a side-scrolling game in which players escape police, was released for Japanese mobile phones by Sega on June 22, 2001. It was followed by a remake for Game Boy Advance developed by Vicarious Visions and published by THQ in North America on June 26, 2003, and in Europe on February 20, 2004. The Game Boy Advance version uses the Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 engine and an isometric perspective, and it emulates the cel-shaded graphics of the Dreamcast game, with some original stages and shortened songs.

High-definition remaster
In 2012, high-definition ports developed by BlitWorks were released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Windows, PlayStation Vita, iOS, and Android. The ports add features, including widescreen HD graphics, online leaderboards, achievements, and a new camera system. It combines the North American, European, and Japanese versions' soundtracks and adds bonus tracks from Jet Set Radio Future, but it omits the PAL version's tracks "Yappie Feet" and "Many Styles". To promote the ports, Sega ran a contest to allow players to submit their own artwork to be used as graffiti within the game. The game was made backwards-compatible with the Xbox One in May 2016.

In North America, the PS3 version was released on September 18, with PlayStation Plus members able to purchase it early on September 11. The PS3 version was released in Europe the following day alongside The Xbox Live Arcade and Windows version for both North America and Europe. The PlayStation Vita version was scheduled for release on October 16, but was delayed for development optimization reasons; it was released on November 20 in North America and in Europe the following day. The PS3, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita versions were released in Japan simultaneously on February 20, 2013.

The iOS and Android versions were released in North America and Europe on November 29, 2012. Japan received the iOS version on December 20, 2012 and Android on January 30, 2013. The smartphone versions were delisted as of 2015 due to compatibility problems with iOS updates.

Critical reception
Jet Set Radio received acclaim for its gameplay, visual style, and music. Gamers' Republic called it flawless. IGN praised the extra gameplay modes, saying they added replay value. Official Dreamcast Magazine (ODCM) found the exaggerated physics and interactivity of the levels immersive. DC-UK described the gameplay as a combination of Crazy Taxi and Tony Hawk and concluded that the gameplay was better than both. GameSpot praised the pacing, stating that the beginning of the game is simple and slowly becomes more challenging as the player progresses. GameFan was not impressed with the early stages, but their opinion changed as they progressed the game and were happy with the result. Next Generation found the story modifications of the English versions jarring, although, he complimented the new stages, calling them "impressive" and "a worthy addition to Japanese cityscapes of the original". The camera controls were commonly criticized, but most reviewers said the overall quality outweighed them.

IGN said the visual style "looks like a moving cartoon, and every character, right down to the police dogs, is practically overflowing with personality ... It has the type of look that makes non-gamers can't help but be impressed". ODCM called it "gorgeous" and compared it to the move to color television. DC-UK also praised it for resembling a 2D cartoon in 3D space, and considered it ground-breaking. GamePro wrote that the visuals were unique and that the stylized design was convincing and fun.

GamePro called Jet Set Radio one of the best-sounding games of the year for its soundtrack, and ODCM said it had "one of the best soundtracks ever". IGN also praised the soundtrack, but was critical of the tracks added to the North American release, in particular songs from Rob Zombie. Next Generation, however, did not consider the new tracks to make a difference, stating the soundtrack was incredible from the start. GameSpot said the soundtrack fit perfectly into the game's environment.

When reviewing the HD remaster, the game received mixed reactions from critics. GamesRadar+ praised how it is a joy to play even 12 years after its release. Eurogamer also gave positive statements, calling the visual style "timeless", and complimented the HD remaster, stating "12 years on and this is a surprisingly rigorous game built of oddball delights, then, and the HD updating has only enhanced its charms. The skating's still great, the city's still a joy to explore, and the soundtrack's still one of the very best ever put together". Game Informer was more critical, opining that the gameplay was archaic and frustrating. Game Informer further elaborated that in retrospect, the originally released visual style blinded them from its faulty gameplay. Both TouchArcade and Pocket Gamer criticized smartphone versions for the touchscreen controls and unable to keep up with the tasks the game requires.

Across all versions of the game combined, including the original and re-releases sales of Jet Set Radio surpassed 1 million copies worldwide.

Accolades
Jet Set Radio won the Best Console Game at the E3 Game Critics Awards in 2000 and was the runner up for Best in Show at the same event. The game won the category of "Excellence in Visual Arts" award, received a "Game Spotlights Award" and was nominated for Game of the year at the 2001 Game Developers Choice Awards. Jet Set Radio received nominations for the "Game of the Year", "Console Game of the Year", "Console Innovation", "Art Direction", "Game Design", "Original Musical Composition", "Sound Design", and "Visual Engineering" categories at the 4th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (the most nominated game at that ceremony). It won GameSpot's annual "Best Graphics, Artistic" award among console games, and was nominated in the "Best Game Music" and "Best Platform Game" categories. Gamers' Republic awarded it "Best 3D Game Design" in its 2000 Year in Review. The game was also featured in 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.

Legacy
Jet Set Radio is recognized as one of the first games to feature cel-shaded graphics, with exaggerated shapes, thick lines, and flat, bright colors. Insomniac owner Ted Price credited it as an influence on their game Sunset Overdrive. Numerous indie developers have cited Jet Set Radio as a major influence on their games, the most notable being the successfully crowdfunded Hover: Revolt of Gamers, Lethal League, and Bomb Rush Cyberfunk, all of which draw heavy inspiration from Jet Set Radio's visuals and music and feature contributions from its composer, Hideki Naganuma. The game has also been speedrun at Games Done Quick multiple times. Other fan community-based Jet Set Radio projects include Jet Set Radio Live, a 24/7 browser-based radio station based on the fictional radio station in-game created in January 2016 and the albums Memories of Tokyo-To released on February 20, 2018 and Sounds of Tokyo-To Future by American musician 2 Mello on August 24, 2021.

A sequel, Jet Set Radio Future, was released for the Xbox in 2002, early in the system's life cycle. Two main characters, Beat and Gum, are playable characters in Sega Superstars Tennis and Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed, and the former appears in Sonic Universe issue #45, an adaptation of the game along with Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing.

In 2009, an early antagonist in the game, Captain Onishima, was ranked 95th in IGN's "Top 100 Videogame Villains" list. Jet Set Radio and Jet Set Radio Future are highly requested games to be ported to the Xbox One, the Xbox Series X/S, and the Nintendo Switch. In 2021, Sega teased the possibility of a Jet Set Radio reboot, and announced Beat as a playable character for Super Monkey Ball Banana Mania. Sega announced a new Jet Set Radio game at The Game Awards 2023.

title: Jet Set Radio


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Mirassol

Mirassol is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city is located in the northern part of the state, 453 km from the city of São Paulo and 15 km from São José do Rio Preto. Mirassol has 60,303 inhabitants (IBGE/2020).

The city belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto.

Neighbouring places
Mirassolândia, Ipiguá, São José do Rio Preto, Bady Bassitt, Nova Aliança, Jaci, Neves Paulista and Bálsamo

History
The city was founded on September 8, 1910, by Joaquim da Costa Penha, with the name of São Pedro da Mata Una. On November 27, 1919, the village changed its name to Mirassol, being elevated to district.

The city was officially established as a municipality on December 23, 1924.

Economy
Mirassol has a relevant furniture industry, and 30% of the city's GDP comes from the Secondary sector. Commerce and services corresponds to 68% of the Economy.

Demographics
The HDI, measured by the UNDP, was 0.822 in the year 2000. The life expectancy for the city is 75.42 years. The literacy rate, measured in 2000 by SEADE, was 92.35%.

There weren't homicides in the year 2008. In 2007, Mirassol had 1 homicide.

Statistics

 * Area: 243.80 km2
 * Urban area: 47.07 km2
 * Population density: 221.22/km2 (IBGE/2010) - 222.90/km2 (SEADE/2011)
 * Urbanization: 93.9% (2010)
 * Sex ratio (Males to Females): 96.35 (2011)
 * Birth rate: 12.43/1,000 inhabitants (2009)
 * Infant mortality: 7.56/1,000 births (2009)
 * Homicide rate: 0.0/100 thousand ppl (2008)
 * HDI: 0.822 (UNDP/2000)

All statistics are from SEADE and IBGE.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Transportation
The city is linked with the SP-310 (Rodovia Washington Luis) and SP-320 (Rodovia Euclides da Cunha) state highways. Mirassol has an airport for small planes.

Notable people

 * André Renato Antoniassi, footballer
 * Doriva, former footballer

Sports
Mirassol Futebol Clube, founded in 1925, is the city's football (soccer) club. The team's stadium is the Estádio Municipal José Maria de Campos Maia, which has a maximum capacity of 14,534 people.

title: Mirassol


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Talk:Adaptive Huffman coding

Hi, everyone.

I put up this article because, IMHO, an adaptive technique deserves a walktrough. But I'm in doubt, maybe just erase it and give a bunch of links to good sites, even merge to Huffman.

And that thing with numbers seems to be just a heap structure trick, maybe even propritary. Highest number == Topmost right.

Gnomz007 17:49, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

FGK -> Vitter
The algorithme described is the Vitter alg., not the FGK alg..

See also http://www.cs.duke.edu/csed/curious/compression/adaptivehuff.html

Swap
I don't understand one thing: should the nodes be swapped together with its subtree? I guess it is so so that the weights correspond and so that the tree can change its shape. Yet, I may have missed something. --Honnza 08:25, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_detailed_example_of_FGK_Algorithm.pdf

hi — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oiuy7t (talk • contribs) 23:31, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adaptive Huffman coding


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Waipawa

Waipawa is the second-largest town in Central Hawke's Bay in the east of the North Island of New Zealand. It has a population of

The town is located 7 km northeast of Waipukurau and 46 km southwest of Hastings, on the northern bank of the Waipawa River, a tributary of the Tukituki River. Waipawa was settled in the early 1860s.

It holds the main office of the Central Hawke's Bay District Council, and is New Zealand's oldest inland European settlement.

Frederick Abbot was one of the early settlers and Waipawa was originally called Abbotsford, when the township was being sold in 1859, and there is still a children's home in Waipawa named Abbotsford. However, it was often shown as Abbotsford, Waipawa and Waipawa was more commonly used alone after the opening of the Waipawa railway station and Waipawa Mail in the late 1870s.

A local newspaper, the Waipawa Mail, was published for most of the period from 1878 to 1980. It was one of 45 started by Joseph Ivess. In 1980 it merged to become the CHB Mail, which is now a free weekly paper, published in Waipukurau.

Demographics
Waipawa covers 6.80 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Waipawa had a population of 2,085 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 114 people (5.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 159 people (8.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 843 households, comprising 990 males and 1,095 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 43.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 450 people (21.6%) aged under 15 years, 291 (14.0%) aged 15 to 29, 912 (43.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 429 (20.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 84.0% European/Pākehā, 25.3% Māori, 3.9% Pacific peoples, 1.7% Asian, and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 13.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.2% had no religion, 32.5% were Christian, 2.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.1% were Buddhist and 2.7% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 216 (13.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 408 (25.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 105 people (6.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 777 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 261 (16.0%) were part-time, and 45 (2.8%) were unemployed.

Marae
Waipawa has two marae affiliated with the iwi of Ngāti Kahungunu. The Mataweka Marae and Nohomaiterangi meeting house are affiliated with the hapū of Ngāi Toroiwaho and Ngāti Whatuiāpiti. The Tapairu Marae and Te Rangitahi or Te Whaea o te Katoa meeting house are affiliated with the hapū of Ngāti Mārau o Kahungunu.

In October 2020, the Government committed $887,291 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the two marae and three others, creating 12 jobs.

Education
Waipawa School is a Year 1-8 co-educational state primary school. It is a decile 3 school with a roll of as of  The school opened in 1862.

Waipawa used to have a secondary school, Waipawa District High School. This was merged in 1959 with Waipukurau District High School to make Central Hawke's Bay College based in Waipukurau.

Waipawa has been home to several youth organisations. Namely, the New Zealand Cadet Forces's ATC branch, as well as a Scouts New Zealand branch. However, since 2000, both major youth organisations have gone into recess.

Waipawa railway station
From at least 1870 Waipawa was served by mail coaches running between Napier and Waipukurau.

On 6 December 1981 the station closed to passengers, it was an unattended station from 20 November 1983, closed to all but parcels on 18 August 1984 and closed completely on 2 November 1984. By 1987 only a platform and goods shed remained. The platform, goods shed and a single track still remain.

title: Waipawa


text: Template:Rough translation

title: Template:Rough translation


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Mirassolândia

Mirassolândia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is of 4,919 inhabitants and the area is 166.2 km2.

Mirassolândia is located on the north of São Paulo state, 25 km from the city of São José do Rio Preto. The area is essentially rural.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Mirassolândia


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Mococa

Mococa is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 68,980 (2020 est.) in an area of 855 km². The elevation is 645 m.

The local government is made up of a mayor (in Brazil, Prefeito) and a municipal council (in Brazil, Câmara Municipal.) The current mayor is Eduardo Ribeiro Barison, from the PSD, who was elected in the 2020 municipal elections.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Mococa


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Ryder (disambiguation)

Ryder is an American transportation company.

Ryder may also refer to:

 * Ryder (name)
 * Ryder (band), British male pop group
 * Honey Ryder (music), British songwriting duo
 * Ryder (novel), a 1928 novel by Djuna Barnes

Places

 * Ryder (crater), a lunar crater
 * Ryder, Missouri, USA
 * Ryder, North Dakota, USA
 * Ryder Bay Islands Important Bird Area, Antarctica

title: Ryder (disambiguation)


text:
Hot metal

Hot metal may refer to:

 * Hot Metal, a British television comedy series set in a newspaper office
 * Hot metal typesetting
 * Pig iron in a liquid state
 * HoTMetaL, a pioneering HTML editor for web pages
 * A Heavy metal magazine that enjoyed wide circulation in Australia and New Zealand in the late 80s and 90s. Now defunct.

title: Hot metal


text:
Euskal Herritarrok

Euskal Herritarrok (Basque Citizens, EH) was a Basque independentist and socialist political party in the Basque Country. EH was banned in 2003 by the Supreme Court of Spain on the grounds that it sympathized with ETA.

History
In February 2000, Batzarre and Zutik left EH after the rupture of the ETA 1998-2000 truce, due to the absence of any condemnation of that fact by EH. In June 2000 a sector of Herri Batasuna also decided to split and form the Aralar Party, that openly and fully rejected ETA and its rupture of the truce.

title: Euskal Herritarrok


text:
Bad Religion (EP)

Bad Religion (also referred to as The Bad Religion EP) is the first official recording by the Los Angeles punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released in February 1981 by guitarist Brett Gurewitz's record label Epitaph Records, with the catalog number EPI 001.

Recording
The recording sessions for the EP took place in October 1980 at a demo studio called Studio 9, located above an office and drugstore in Los Angeles on Sunset Boulevard and Western Avenue. The EP was mastered by Stan Ross at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood. At the time of the EP's release, vocalist Greg Graffin and bassist Jay Bentley were both 16 years old, while Gurewitz and drummer Jay Ziskrout were both 18. The EP was financed by a loan from Gurewitz's father, Richard Gurewitz, who is listed as co-producer under the moniker 'Big Dick'.

The song "Drastic Actions" is influenced by the Germs' track "Shut Down (Annihilation Man)".

Reissues
The Bad Religion EP has been reissued a number of times, mostly on vinyl. It was initially released on 7-inch vinyl, and reissued in 1984 as a 12-inch with a different sound mix. In West Germany, a 7" bootleg limited edition of the EP was released in 1989, packaged with then-current album No Control. The EP was also pressed on compact cassettes, but those editions are rare. While the Bad Religion EP has never been released as a standalone CD, it was included on the 1991 compilation album 80–85, and on the 2004 CD reissue of the group's 1982 debut studio album How Could Hell Be Any Worse?, which featured the same track listing as 80–85. The EP was reissued on April 18, 2009 in conjunction with Record Store Day, in a limited edition of 1,000.

Reception
At the time of the original release, the Bad Religion EP received positive reviews from various fanzines. Brenda Jamrus of the punk rock magazine Ripper called the EP "a real powerful six song EP from Bad Religion". She added that "when so many bands are moving away from political overtones, these four guys are keeping politics alive" and described the songs as "fast and solid".

Dave Stimson reviewed the EP for the 16th issue of Touch and Go. In it, he said, "Unlike many LA based bands where all it takes is one listen and you're already dripping slobber on the floor, Bad Religion takes some time before winning over their legion of fans, which must be many cuz [sic] this is a great record. When you first hear it, you say same old LA-styled punk, good, but nothing to get excited about. Now that's where you're wrong. This is perhaps the best debut record since Nervous Breakdown. I can't quite put my finger on it...something like Black Flag meets Neg Trend".

Personnel
Bad Religion
 * Greg Graffin - lead vocals
 * Brett Gurewitz - guitar
 * Jay Bentley - bass
 * Jay Ziskrout - drums

Technical
 * Bad Religion; Big Dick - producers
 * Stan Ross - mastering
 * Brett Gurewitz - engineering
 * Gary Leonard - photography

title: Bad Religion (EP)


text:
User talk:Martin Fuchs

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Martin Fuchs


text:
Hagemans Crossing, Ohio

Hagemans Crossing is an unincorporated community in Union Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. Located in the western part of the township, it is located on the old Cincinnati and Xenia Pike, now U.S. Route 42, about halfway between Lebanon and Mason. It was at the crossing of the Middletown and Cincinnati Railroad and the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway and was about two miles northwest of the M&C's eastern terminus at Middletown Junction.

Variant names were Camp Hageman, Camp Hagerman, Hageman Station, and Hagerman. A post office called Camp Hagerman was established in 1877, and remained in operation until 1908. The community was named for the Rev. R.S. Hageman, an early settler.

title: Hagemans Crossing, Ohio


text:
Number Munchers

Number Munchers is a 1986 video game and a spin-off to the title Word Munchers. It was made by MECC for Apple II, then ported to DOS and Macintosh in 1990. The concept of the game was designed by R. Philip Bouchard, who also designed The Oregon Trail. Two versions of the game were released the Consumer Version (for home use) and the School Version (for classrooms). After The Learning Company acquired MECC, the game was rebranded as "Math Munchers".

Gameplay
The player controls the muncher who must move around a grid and munch on numbers that match the logic rule above while avoiding the threatening troggles. As the player progresses the levels, the logic rules have bigger numbers, and harder difficulty and multiple troggles pursue the muncher.

Modes of play
There are five different modes of play in Number Munchers to advance players' mathematical skills. These modes include Multiples, Factors, Primes, Equalities, and Inequalities:

 * Multiples - the objective is to find multiples of the number given. If presented with a 3, one would select numbers like 3, 6, 9, 12, etc.
 * Factors - the objective is to find factors of the number given. If the number is 12, one would choose to eat 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
 * Primes - this mode helps players find prime numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13.
 * Equality - this mode gives players the chance to find equations equaling the current number. If given the number 6, one would 'munch' 3 x 2, 3 + 3, 12 / 2, and so on.
 * Inequality - this mode gives players the number and they must select the equations that DO NOT equal the current number. If given 6, one would eat equations such as 4 X 2, 18 / 9, and 3 + 5.

Troggles
The Troggles are monsters with two legs and a large head, whose goal is to eat Muncher and/or disrupt his progress by rearranging things on the board. Levels 1, 2, and 3, contain only one Troggle on the grid at any given time. A second Troggle appears starting with level 4, and a third appears starting with level 8. After approximately level 18, the game (especially the movement of the Troggles) accelerates to make responsible munching more difficult.

There are several types of "Troggles". Each type of Troggle moves in a specific pattern. There are five species of Troggle, each of which has an English and a mock-Latin (binomial) name:

 * Reggies (Trogglus normalus) (magenta on Apple II, red in DOS, purple on Macintosh) - simply move in a line unless redirected by a safety square in its path.
 * Bashfuls (Trogglus timidus) (green on Apple II, blue in DOS, pink on Macintosh) - moves arbitrarily on the gameboard, unless approached by a Muncher, in which case he moves away from the Muncher. It became purple in later releases in the series.
 * Helpers (Trogglus assistus) (green on Apple II and DOS, magenta on Macintosh) - this ant-like Troggle eats all answers, leaving nothing behind. It became purple in later releases in the series.
 * Workers (Trogglus laborus) (purple and white on Apple II and DOS, magenta and white on Macintosh) - this Troggle adds new answers and/or changes existing answers as he moves around.
 * Smarties (Trogglus smarticus) (green on Apple II and Macintosh, yellow on DOS) - has large teeth and glasses, and is the most difficult Troggle to avoid; always follows the Muncher on the board.

Safety squares occasionally appear to help protect Muncher from the Troggles. These are temporary havens identified by four small white rectangles on the corner of the square. No Troggle may enter a safety square; if one appears on a square a Troggle currently occupies, that Troggle dies (but may be replaced afterwards). Safety squares may disappear as quickly and randomly as they appear; hence, one must take caution not to remain in one for long.

In addition, Troggles are quite cannibalistic; if one Troggle enters a square already occupied by another, or if two of them enter one square at the same time (even if they are of the same species), one Troggle will eat the other, although another Troggle may re-enter the board afterwards.

Levels
Players can choose from the five modes of play, or choose a "challenge" mode, which randomizes these modes. In the Multiples mode, Muncher must munch all numbers which are multiples of the number given; for example, if the designated number is 3 then Muncher must eat all 6's, 9's, and 12's and avoid numbers such as 7. In Factors the muncher seeks to ingest the factors of a given number, in Primes, he craves prime numbers, and in the Equality and Inequality modes, the muncher devours expressions such as 2+4 which are equivalent or not equivalent (respectively) to the designated number.

Game play begins with four Muncher lives (the one currently in play, plus three others in reserve). After scoring a certain number of points, the player gains an extra life. Players lose a life if they munch an incorrect answer. Additionally, five different types of enemies (or "Troggle") appear throughout the game. Players lose a life if they make contact with a Troggle.

Cutscenes
As in the other games in the series, a player is awarded a cutscene (reminiscent of Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner escapades) after every third level; in this game, these are dubbed as "Great Moments in Muncher History". While these scenes are numbered (Act 1, Act 2, etc.), the order they appear varies from game to game. Once all six have been shown, they begin to repeat themselves (starting with the scene after Level 21). The six scenes are as follows:

 * A Muncher is chased by a Reggie across the screen twice, then the Muncher gets in an old-timey automobile, outruns the Troggle and the Troggle falls and gives up.
 * Two Munchers reenact the story of William Tell.
 * A Muncher races a Bashful up a mountain, plants his flag, and sings a song (Ding Dong! the Witch is Dead).
 * A Muncher prank-calls a Smartie and sings the nyah-nyah taunting melody.
 * A Muncher beats two Troggles in a beauty contest. Later releases of the game replaced this cut scene with one in which a Muncher stumbles through his house in the dark and then turns on the light, only to discover that he has broken all of his furniture.
 * A Muncher carves his image into Mount Rushmore.

Easter egg
As an Easter egg, between December 1 and 25, the Muncher would wear a Santa Claus hat. This only worked on a computer that had a built-in clock or that was never turned off, as the built-in clock was not common at the time the games were popular.

Educational goals
The game was designed for school and home use for grades four to eight with parental controlled options to set the difficulty level. It teaches multiples, factors, prime numbers, equalities, and inequalities. It helped introduce math skills to younger students, while helping older students to reinforce their existing math skills. In addition teachers could have their copy of the game networked to copies in class to monitor and control them. It has proven to be attention catching with the ability to train students' hand/eye coordination as well as building up self-esteem and instilling confidence.

Reception
Reviewer Benj Edwards regarded the game as one of the "Top 10 Educational PC Games of the 80s" in PC Magazine and one of the "Best 17 Educational Games of the 70s, 80s and 90s" in PC World. The number munching was commonly compared to a Pac-Man game. GamesRadar+ praised the game for its cartoony graphics and a viable way to make math fun. It was considered both an award-winner and best-seller from Parents' Choice, InCider Magazine and Media & Methods.

title: Number Munchers


text:
John Cabot Academy

John Cabot Academy (formerly John Cabot CTC) is one of 15 City Technology Colleges that first opened for students in the 1993/1994 academic year. It has since converted to Academy status on 1 September 2007. It is located in east Greater Bristol, England in the Kingswood area of South Gloucestershire and is named after John Cabot, an explorer who set out from Bristol and reached the Americas in 1497. The academy has 1,078 students, about 220 of whom are in the sixth form.

History
The John Cabot City Technology College (CTC) became the John Cabot Academy in 2007. The present Academy is independent of local authority control, but enjoys a close relationship with both South Gloucestershire and Bristol Local Authorities.

Information
The principal is Kate Willis. The academy is part of an Academy Federation led by Sir David Carter, a previous Principal, who was knighted in the 2013 Birthday Honours List. The federation runs lessons throughout the several schools, with sixth formers moving between schools for some of their lessons.

The academy operates the PLTs Curriculum, which was developed at the academy. It focuses on inspiration and teaches students to empower over students to achieve greater feats together The academy is divided into 6 tutor groups throughout each year (3 in x and 3 in y).

Term system and school day
From the start of the academic year 2009/10 the term system has been changed to be the same as other schools in England to make the Diplomas easier to coordinate. This turned out to be unpopular due to demand for public places and therefore became over crowded.

The typical school day begins at 8:40AM and ends at 3:00PM. The time is divided into 6 periods (not including tutor time and break times).

Student Voice
The academy has a student voice system which allows the students to give their opinions on issues related to the academy, such as sanctions and rewards, and the construction of new buildings. Two students from each tutor group are chosen each year. The chosen student becomes the representative of their tutor group, collecting opinions from their classmates to relay to the meeting.

title: John Cabot Academy


text:
Talk:History of British film certificates

Add 2019/2020 redesigns?
From October 2019, the age rating symbols will be replaced by a redesigned set:

Is it worth adding the new symbols pre-emptively or waiting until they actually begin? Energizerspark (talk) 01:39, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

1982 black symbols
Does anyone have a source on the plain black symbols we have for 1982. The citation is used for both the '82 and '85 sections and doesn't say anything about a change in design. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.22.33.113 (talk) 20:38, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

1982 black symbols source
They are listed on the BBFC site.

https://darkroom.bbfc.co.uk/original/cba43d2fa5d5346558a1de8cfc811977:ee1df9ebf9260519394f2af53aea1533/history-of-the-age-ratings-symbols-2020.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:6B66:662C:0:1064:C1B5:F554:4D51 (talk) 18:30, 7 January 2021 (UTC)

Wrong symbols between 1985 and 2002?
All of the symbols in the 1985–1989 and 1989–2002 sections have a copyright date of 1999. The symbols used prior to 1999 were certainly different, and the vast majority of releases before 2002 used the 1985-copyrighted symbols. Would it not be wise (and more accurate) to use images of the 1985 symbols in these two sections then? — Preceding unsigned comment added by JamesArthurSturgess (talk • contribs) 17:45, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Now you mention it, I did not notice any difference between the 1985 and the 1999 logos although I had grown up with home video starting with VHS. I have since compared the 99 image for the U certificate logo from the current Wikipedia article with the 85 image I found in Google image search and the U certainly looks narrower in the 85 logo. I am however at a loss to find the 1985 logos for the other certificates. Tk420 (talk) 18:19, 5 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I have since found the 1985 logos on he Fandom site Logopedia and added them to the 1985-1989 section. Unfortunately, I can only find the 12 logo dated 1994 which was the year the 12 certificate became available on home video although the certificate was adopted for cinematic releases in 1989. In order to still have the 1999 logos included, I have kept them in the 1989-2002 section but this leaves out the pre-1999 Uc and 12 logos. However, with little difference from the 1985 U and 15 logos it is possible potential readers can visualise them. I have included my uploads of the Uc and 12 certificate logos below in case they are useful.File:BBFC Uc logo 1985.pngFile:BBFC 12 logo 1994.png Tk420 (talk) 20:29, 5 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Then again, I have since noticed the pre-1999 symbols on the original DVD releases for Chicken Run, the Complete Father Ted and Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone which were all released between 1999 and 2003. According to the Logopedia article https://logos.fandom.com/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification the 1999 symbols were used in tandem with the 1989 symbols. I cannot find any reliable evidence for this but according to my theory, home video distributers would have been reluctant to replace the pre-1999 symbols if the new symbols were not compulsory remembering the continued use of the 2002-2019 symbols before the post-2019 symbols were compulsory. Tk420 (talk) 09:27, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

15a missing symbol
15a just has a missing picture 152.117.98.28 (talk) 12:41, 15 August 2023 (UTC)


text:
New Space (Uruguay)

New Space (Nuevo Espacio) is a social democratic party in Uruguay.

History
The party was founded in 1994 by Senator Rafael Michelini. It was born as a split of the centrist Party for the Government of the People (Partido por el Gobierno del Pueblo, PGB), whose leader was the former Vice-President Hugo Batalla, when the party decided to join the traditional liberal Colorado Party for the 1994 Uruguayan general election. "New Space" had originally been the name of an electoral alliance formed after the more centrist elements of the Broad Front had left the centre-left alliance, which they deemed too strongly dominated by the Marxist elements, in 1989 and included notably the PGB and the Christian Democratic Party (PDCU).

While the PDCU returned to the Broad Front in 1994, the New Space party ran separately, as the fourth force behind the two traditional ruling parties and the Broad Front. It obtained five seats in the Chamber of Deputies and one Senator. In 1999, the party was returned four deputies and its Senator. Michelini who ran as the party's presidential candidate won 4.4% of the vote. The party positioned itself in the political center and won most of its supporters among the lower-middle and lower classes.

In 2001, the New Space decided to re-join the Broad Front for the 2004 campaign. As a result, there was a new crack in the party's board. The Independent Party emerged, led by Deputy Pablo Mieres. The New Space has supported the governments of Presidents Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020) and José Mujica (2010–2015). In 2009, the New Space, alongside Uruguay Assembly and Progressive Alliance, founded the Liber Seregni Front as a moderate social democratic sub-group within the Broad Front.

The New Space party has been a member of the Socialist International since shortly after its foundation.

Presidential elections
Due to its membership in the Broad Front, the party has endorsed the candidates of other parties on several occasions. Presidential elections in Uruguay are held using a two-round system, the results of which are displayed below.

title: New Space (Uruguay)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Atlas Ensemble

Atlas_Ensemble
Atlas_Ensemble appears to be a vanity page. A google search turned up no conclusive proof of existence, and the link to the home page appeared to be invalid. A whois search turned up no information. — Tim McCormack 18:02, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)
 * A Google search suggests others might be using the same name.--NathanHawking 03:13, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Delete is my vote. The hyperlink is invalid, googling various combinations of Christopher Paul Robinson and ATLAS Ensemble turn up nothing.  Actually, the Christopher Paul Robinson thing should be deleted too. Nathan, what is your vote? Tim McCormack 04:06, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Delete. I just wanted to pass along the info without assessing it, but after another look, Google only turns up a couple of hundred instances, most of them not as this article describes. Here's a link from the Netherlands about a group by that name.--NathanHawking 06:19, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * Delete: Had there been information in the article that gave us a direction to go for expansion, it might have been possible to keep it, but this article just says name = founder, year, website. That's what I call minimal content.  Once we determine that the website isn't valid and Google can't tell it, we're looking at obvious deletion. Geogre 13:59, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless an external link to a respectable verifiable source showing that the ensemble exists is added. anthony (see warning) 16:33, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)