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University of Virginia Darden School of Business

The Darden School of Business is the graduate business school of the University of Virginia, a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school offers MBA, PhD, and Executive Education programs.

The school was founded in 1955 and named after Colgate Whitehead Darden Jr., a former Democratic congressman, governor of Virginia, and president of the University of Virginia. It is located on the grounds of the University of Virginia. Its faculty use the case method as their method of teaching courses.

History
The Darden School is a graduate school of business of the Southern United States, it was founded in 1955. The original business school was nestled in the central grounds of the University of Virginia, before being moved its current location at the North Grounds. Designed by the Driehaus Prize winner Robert A. M. Stern, the Darden school's buildings feature sand-struck Virginia brick, Chippendale balustrades and red-metal standing seam roofs. In 2018, the Sands Family Grounds was inaugurated by the Darden School, in Arlington County, Virginia, in proximity to Washington D.C.'s central business district. The Sands Family Grounds occupy the top two floors of a 31-story skyscraper..

Locations
The full-time MBA program is located in Charlottesville, Virginia at the UVA Darden Goodwin Family Grounds, which is roughly two hours from Washington, D.C.

In 2017, it was announced that Darden would establish dedicated facilities in Rosslyn, formerly introduced as the UVA Darden Sands Family Grounds in February 2019, as the new home base for the Executive MBA formats and new M.S. in Business Analytics degree launched with the McIntire School of Commerce.

MBA
Designed for students who seek to strengthen their leadership, business and communication skills, Darden's two-year MBA program combines core and elective courses in Charlottesville, Virginia with opportunities for every student to study abroad.

Admissions

Admission requirements for the MBA include an earned four-year bachelor's degree from an accredited U.S. institution or the international equivalent, completion of application forms and essays, GMAT or GRE score, academic transcripts, two professional recommendations, and the payment of a fee. The MBA Class of 2023 has an average GMAT score of 716 and an average GPA of 3.51, and an average age of 27 years old. Of the 352 students enrolled, 41% are international students, 37% are women and 14% are domestic minority students. The School had an acceptance rate of 26% as of 2019.

Study abroad
Students are offered study abroad programs as well as Darden Worldwide Courses which offer international immersion courses which are funded by a $15 million gift from philanthropist and donor, Frank Batten.

Executive MBA formats
Designed with a hybrid structure of online learning with in-person residences at the new UVA Darden Sands Family Grounds in the Washington, D.C., area, two formats of the MBA are offered which provide the same degree as the MBA. The EMBA (Executive MBA) is designed for working professionals and the GEMBA (Global Executive MBA) is an option that provides additional global residences compared to the EMBA. Both formats have the same core curriculum over a period of twenty-one months with all students entering in the same cohort each academic year. Global residencies include Brazil, Chile, China, Germany, Japan, Ghana, Israel, India, Estonia and Cuba with changes in locations possible each year.

Darden Executive Education
The inaugural Executive Education program was offered in 1955. Darden Executive Education offers both short courses and custom solutions, as well as consortia, corporate university design and development, and industry specific partnerships. Short course focus areas include leadership, general management, strategy and decision-making, negotiation, growth and innovation, project management, sales and marketing, financial management and corporate aviation.

Rankings
Darden's current rankings are as follows:

MBA rankings

 * #3 Bloomberg Businessweek 2023
 * #10 U.S. News & World Report 2024
 * #13 Forbes 2019
 * #16 (North America) - The Economist 2019
 * #16 (Global) - The Economist 2019

MBA Specialty rankings

 * #1 Best Professors - The Princeton Review 2019
 * #2 Best MBA For Consulting - The Princeton Review 2019
 * #2 Best MBA For Management - The Princeton Review 2019
 * #4 Best Campus Environment - The Princeton Review 2019
 * #6 Entrepreneurship - The Princeton Review for Entrepreneur magazine 2019
 * #1 Education Experience in United States - The Economist 2019
 * #1 Corporate Social Responsibility - Financial Times 2019
 * #1 General Management - Financial Times 2016
 * #2 Learning - Bloomberg Businessweek 2019
 * #11 Career Services Rank - Financial Times 2019

Executive Education rankings

 * #1 Course Design (Global) - Financial Times 2016 -2018
 * #1 Faculty (Global) - Financial Times 2004-2011
 * #7 Facilities (Global) - Financial Times 2019
 * #20 Open-Enrollment Programs (Global) - Financial Times 2019
 * #52 Custom Programs (Global) - Financial Times 2019

Notable alumni
Darden's list of alumni includes:

 * Leslie M. Baker Jr. (MBA '69), former CEO of Wachovia
 * John H. Bryan (MBA '60), CEO and chairman of Sara Lee from 1976 to 2001
 * Eric Chewning (MBA '08), partner at McKinsey & Company; former chief of staff to the Secretary of Defense
 * Robert Citrone (MBA '90) co-founder of Discovery Capital Management
 * Guillaume M. Cuvelier (MBA '91), founder of Svedka vodka
 * George David (MBA '67), CEO and chairman of United Technologies Corporation
 * Helen Dragas, businesswoman; first woman to be rector for the University of Virginia Board of Visitors
 * Jay Faison (MBA '95), founder of ClearPath Foundation
 * Bill Hawkins (MBA '82), former President and CEO, Medtronic Inc.; CEO, Immucor Inc.
 * Robert J. Hugin (MBA '85), CEO of Celgene Corporation
 * Hal Lawton (MBA ‘00), President & CEO, Tractor Supply
 * Doug Lebda (MBA '14), founder & CEO of LendingTree
 * Carolyn Miles (MBA '88), former CEO of Save The Children
 * Thomas Neir (MBA '88), businessman; founder of Pacific Coffee Company
 * Michael E. O'Neill (MBA '74), former chairman of Citigroup
 * Lewis F. Payne, Jr. (MBA '73), former Virginia congressman
 * J. Michael Pearson (MBA '84), former CEO of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
 * Steven Reinemund (MBA '78), former CEO and Chairman of PepsiCo
 * Hugo F. Rodriguez (MBA '00), United States Ambassador to Nicaragua
 * Mark Sanford (MBA '88), former Governor of South Carolina
 * Thomas A. Saunders III (MBA '67), former Morgan Stanley partner and Wall Street innovator
 * Goli Sheikholeslami (MBA '94), CEO of POLITICO
 * Marc Short (MBA '04), former chief of staff to Vice President Mike Pence
 * John Strangfeld (MBA '77), Chairman and CEO, Prudential Financial
 * Mark B. Templeton (MBA '78), President and CEO, Citrix Systems Inc.
 * Henri Termeer (MBA '73), former CEO of Genzyme
 * Steven C. Voorhees (MBA '80), former CEO of WestRock
 * Roger L. Werner (MBA '77), former CEO of ESPN


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Talk:J/psi meson

Untitled
Is there any alternative spelling without the slash / solidus in the title? It makes the article's location look odd in browser... Ian Cairns 06:11, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I don't think so. I actually first tried to use J/Ψ particle as title, but ddn't figure out how to make the Wiki correctly interprete the &Psi; instead of displaying the HTML entity. Simon A. 08:23, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The name of the particle is J/ψ, with a small psi. I expanded on the prehistory.--192.35.35.36 23:01, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The name ψ was chosen before they had any spark chamber photographs. The correct story of the name can be found in Crease and Mann The Second Creation.--192.35.35.35 16:45, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

A different "J/psi" can be found on the label of some Valdespino sherry: Look down for more instances of the symbol.--192.35.35.35 18:14, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

the term "charmonium"
I found the therm "charmonium" used as a more general term, not just meaning J/ψ but also ψ and (maybe?) other charm-anticharm mesons (such as ηc or χc). Is that correct? Specifically they used the expression "charmonium spectrum" to reffer to all those different things. If that would be true, maybe the "charmonium" page should be a dissambiguation page or a list of links instead of a plain redirect. --Xavier 01:30, 2005 Apr 3 (UTC)

You are right. (Yes, the term refers to the other ψ's as well. For the non-ψ particles I'm not sure either.) Maybe fix it if you find the time. Simon A. 12:35, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Charmonium is any bound charm-anticharm system. This can be Psi (incl J/Psi), ηc, chi;c and hc
 * For nomenclature see http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/reviews/namingrpp.pdf Christoph Scholz 16:04, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I fixed this by moving it after the paragraph on excited states. TimAdye (talk) 02:28, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Infobox
I have updated the infobox, I belive it is not fully filled in though. -Ravedave (help name my baby) 01:28, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

The "gypsy"!?
I have never heard this informal name. Can anyone supply a reference? (I tagged it with "citation needed".) HEL 00:34, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

J/psi lifetime
The introduction of the article states: This lifetime was about a thousand times longer than expected. Why is this important? On what physics was the expectation based, and what interesting property of the J/psi gave rise to the longer lifetime? I tagged this with "citation needed" too. (Sorry for being a pest, but it sounds odd otherwise.) HEL 00:42, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Good point. Not sure, but I think this refers to the GIM mechanism, referred to further down in the article. Charm was needed to make the theoretical estimates of strange particle lifetimes get longer. I'm guessing they didn't get all the mixing angles right at first.

Hey so, sorry to reply to this comment 12 years later, well I guess even 1 year ago I wouldn't have known this, but the lifetime being super long is actually very relavent. So first the Heisenburg uncertainty principle relates time and energy uncertainty, basically saying, the more time certainty you have (the less Delta t) the more energy uncertainty you must have (more delta E). So because the lifetime is so long Delta t is big, thus delta E is very small, so small in fact that it took Richter's team 3 months to find it. according to this article from ArXiV, its lifetime was 1000 times longer than particles of comparable mass, and this stability in part sparked the november revolution, with 700 papers being written about the discovery in the following year. Aurora (User:Horkak) (talk) 04:10, 4 December 2019 (UTC)

The Name
I edited the paragraph on the naming of excited states to correct a few inaccuracies. ψ is only used to refer to vector states (orbitally excited states of the J/ψ; ηc and χc are also charm-anticharm bound states, but with different spin-parity). The ψ(3686) is more commonly known as the ψ(2S). I added a reference to the official PDG naming scheme. TimAdye (talk) 02:43, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Watershed
''...did the J/psi reveal its existence. This discovery was a watershed in establishing the Standard Model, because the J/psi proved to contain a new type of elementary constituent of matter - the charmed quark .''Ref —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lucian Sunday (talk • contribs) 21:24, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Translation into Chinese Wikipedia
The 21:44, 29 November 2009 LaaknorBot version of this article is translated into Chinese Wikipedia.--Wing (talk) 20:12, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Hadron overhaul
Please give input at Talk:Hadron. Thanks. Headbomb {{{sup|ταλκ}}κοντριβς – WP Physics} 01:59, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

Citation Needed in intro
Why is a citation needed for the statement that the lifetime is 3 orders of magnitude longer than expected? It's obviously "expected" to be a strong decay, on the order of 10^-24 s lifetime. Seems like a generally accepted rule here, you could basically cite any intro particle book. 209.150.56.118 (talk) 20:10, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The article could perhaps use a small note about pronunciation. Anyone who doesn't know what a psi is would be completely baffled about the whole thing mostly due to an unpronounceable character. 8ty3hree (talk) 04:32, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Psion
I am adding the term psion and a ref back to the lede, following discussions at talk:psion.

Many more refs readily available, see that discussion and Google books. Andrewa (talk) 21:54, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Done. Andrewa (talk) 21:57, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

POV comments
In the section titled "Background to Discovery," there is somewhat loaded language regarding the preexistence of the GIM mechanism. It can be corroborated that the GIM mechanism existed, and that it correctly predicted the existence of a fourth quark. But saying things like "These predictions were ignored. The work of Richter and Ting was done for other reasons" makes it sound like someone had an ax to grind. Specifically, someone who made edits on 1 February 2005.

So, while I am tempted to take out that entire bit, I'll settle for the time being adding citation requests. Merryjman (talk) 20:36, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

Hey, not to reply to your comment 3 years later, but I was reading [|this] article for a class, which states that the explicit goals of either experiment was not to search for the charmonium, but I agree that the language that they ignored it is loaded and probably incorect. I'm writing a paper on it right now, haha, and I say in the paper that they were certainly aware of all of this given the chaos going on in the scientific community they had a phd in. Aurora (User:Horkak) (talk) 03:18, 4 December 2019 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 23:20, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

Figure
I think the new dimuon mass spectrum from CMS (in which other peaks are seen besides the J/psi) plus a more detailed caption) is an improvement over the Fermilab isolated J/psi mass peak as it gives more context Paco Barradas (talk) 02:00, 27 February 2020 (UTC)Paco Barradas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:J/psi meson


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ADI Bumble Bee

The ADI Bumble Bee (sometimes Hollmann Bumble Bee) is an ultralight gyrocopter marketed by Aircraft Designs Inc (ADI). It was the first of its kind when it flew in 1983 and is still available in plans form for homebuilding.

It was designed by Martin Hollmann after a back injury (sustained in the crash of the ADI Condor) prevented him from flying his previous design (the ADI Sportster) on account of not being able to lift the rotor assembly.

Design and development
The Bumble Bee is a simple and lightweight design that can be built to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of 254 lb. The aircraft has a standard empty weight of 253 lb.

The aircraft consists of an open frame based on a keel tube, which supports the nose wheel at the front and the tail at the back. The pilot's seat, the engine and rotor assembly are bolted to the same keel tube. A control stick cyclically controls rotor pitch angle. The powerplant specified is a 40 hp, twin-cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled, single ignition Rotax 447 mounted in pusher configuration. The 38.5 hp Kawasaki 440 engine has also been used. The landing gear is of tricycle configuration, uses plastic-spoked wheels to reduce weight and does not include suspension. A horizontal tailplane maintains the aircraft pitch angle in flight and a large fin and rudder is provided. The main rotor system is of low-inertia and requires pilot skill to manage energy on landing.

The aircraft plans cost US$160 in 2001. Construction time is estimated as 400 hours, much of which is consumed fabricating the composite rotor blades.

title: ADI Bumble Bee


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Jamal Mashburn

Jamal Mashburn Sr. (born November 29, 1972) is an American entrepreneur and former professional basketball player. Nicknamed "the Monster Mash", Mashburn was a prolific scorer as a small forward in his 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), with a career scoring average of 19.1 points per game.

Early life and college career
Mashburn was born to Bobby, a former heavyweight boxer and New York City police officer, and Helen Mashburn. His father retired in 1974 and then lived separately from Helen and his son Jamal, divorcing after about 10 years.

Mashburn learned the game at Rucker Park, just a block away from where he grew up.

After attending Cardinal Hayes High School in The Bronx, Mashburn had a very successful basketball career in college, playing for the University of Kentucky. He was the fourth-leading career scorer for the Wildcats and a consensus First Team All-American by his junior year, in which the Wildcats made it to the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Following the tournament he declared for the 1993 NBA draft, with Mashburn being selected by the Dallas Mavericks with the fourth pick.

Dallas Mavericks (1993–1997)
The Mavericks were a lottery team led by veteran point guard Derek Harper and second year guard Jim Jackson, and Mashburn quickly shared the reins of the offense, averaging 19.2 points a game in 73 starts and earning a selection to the first NBA All-Rookie Team. Despite this the Mavericks could only manage 13 wins for the 1993–94 season. In the off-season, the team drafted star point guard Jason Kidd, teaming up with Jackson and Mashburn to become known collectively as "The Three J's." The Mavericks would improve to 36 wins in the 1994–95 season, as Mashburn averaged 24.1 points a game (sixth in the league), while placing fifth in the league in free throw makes (447), seventh in made field goals (683), and fifth in total points (1,926). The season also featured a 50-point performance by Mashburn on November 12 against the Chicago Bulls in Chicago. This made him the fourth-youngest player to score 50 points in an NBA game (Brandon Jennings is the youngest). He also broke many franchise records and blossomed into one of the best scoring forwards in the league. Despite the team's improvement they were unable to make the playoffs, and injuries would force Mashburn to only play 18 games in the 1995–96 season.

Mashburn started in just 21 games of the Mavericks' first 37 games of the 1996–97 season, and on February 14, 1997, he was traded to the Miami Heat in exchange for Kurt Thomas, Predrag Danilović and Martin Müürsepp.

Miami Heat (1997–2000)
Miami was a loaded team led by all-stars Alonzo Mourning and Tim Hardaway and coached by Pat Riley. The addition of Mashburn boosted the team's offense, and the team finished the season with a franchise best 61 wins with Mashburn averaging 13.4 points in 30 starts. In the playoffs the Heat defeated the Orlando Magic in a difficult 5 games in the first round, followed by a grueling seven-game series win against the New York Knicks. Miami made its first ever Conference Finals against the defending champion Bulls, and would lose the first three games of the series before managing a win in Miami in game four, with Mashburn scoring 17 points. The Bulls proved too much for the Heat and won the series in the fifth game in Chicago. Mashburn averaged 10.5 points in his first postseason.

Injuries limited Mashburn to 48 games in the 1997–98 season, but he started in each game he played and averaged 15.1 points a game as Miami won 55 games before losing in a five-game first round series to the Knicks. Mashburn started in 3 of the games and saw his production slip. The following season would be shortened to 50 games due to a league lockout, and injuries again limited Mashburn to just 23 starts with averages of 14.8 points a game with 6.1 rebounds a game. Miami captured the best record in the Eastern Conference, but once again lost in the first round to New York, as Mashburn averaged 10 points in the five-game series.

The 1999–2000 season featured an improvement statistically for Mashburn, as he shouldered more of the offensive load and averaged 17.5 points a game including a career high 112 three point field goals. The Heat won 52 games before sweeping the Detroit Pistons in the first round of the playoffs in three games. This set up another rematch with New York, as the Heat and Knicks battled in another grueling seven-game series. Despite scoring in bunches in the Heat's victories, including a 21-point performance in game 5, Mashburn's scoring dropped off in the final two games of the series, and the Knicks once again eliminated Miami at home. Following another disappointing playoff run for the team, Mashburn and teammate P. J. Brown were traded to the Charlotte Hornets for Eddie Jones and Anthony Mason.

Charlotte Hornets (2000–2002)
In his first season in Charlotte, Mashburn averaged 20.1 points, 7.6 rebounds and 5.4 assists in 76 games. Led by his play and the play of Baron Davis, the Hornets won 46 games and faced Miami in the first round of the playoffs. While his former team was favored to win the series, Mashburn averaged 23.7 points, as the younger Hornets shocked the Heat and swept them in three games. Next up were the Milwaukee Bucks, who took a two-game lead before the Hornets won game three in Charlotte led by Mashburn's 36 points and game four, in which Mashburn scored 31. Despite managing to win three straight games, the Bucks responded to win the last two games and the series. Mashburn averaged a career high 24.9 points in the 2001 playoffs.

The 2001–02 season once again featured injury problems for Mashburn, and he only played in 40 games averaging 21.5 points per game. The Hornets made the playoffs and defeated Orlando before losing to the New Jersey Nets, but Mashburn's injury woes kept him out of the postseason. The Hornets would go on to relocate to New Orleans after the season ended.

New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005)
Mashburn's best overall NBA season took place in the 2002–03 season, and he played in all 82 games averaging 21.6 points per game. He played in his first and only All-Star game, scoring 10 points in the 2003 NBA All-Star Game in Atlanta, won the Eastern Conference Player of the Month award in March and made the All-NBA Third Team. The season also featured some high scoring games for Mashburn, including a 50-point performance against Memphis on February 21 and a 40-point game against Orlando on March 26. The Hornets won 47 games and faced the Philadelphia 76ers in the first round of the playoffs, but Mashburn played in only four games of the series due to a finger injury. In the deciding Game 6 loss on May 2, 2003, Mashburn led the Hornets in scoring with 36 points while adding five assists.

Mashburn continued his stellar play in the 2003–04 season, but injuries plagued him for most of the year and he managed to play in only 19 games. He was later unable to participate in the 2004 playoffs. Bothered by problems with his right knee (patella femoral irritation), he decided to sit out the 2004–05 season in hopes that his knee would recover. He had microfracture surgery performed on his knee, a risky surgery that not all players have been able to recover from.

Retirement
Despite his decision to sit out the year due to his knee, the Hornets still traded Mashburn, along with Rodney Rogers, to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for forward Glenn Robinson on February 24, 2005. Mashburn was never able to recover from his chronic knee problems and never saw court time for Philadelphia. He was on the injured list for all of the 2004–05 season and the inactive list for 2005–06. On March 24, 2006, the 76ers waived Mashburn, who subsequently announced his retirement from the NBA. He had career averages of 19.1 points, 5.4 rebounds and 4.0 assists per game.

Mashburn, who averaged 20.8 points per game in 2003–04, is one of only six players since 1970 to have averaged at least 20 points per game in his final NBA season. The other five are Jerry West (20.3 in 1973–74), Larry Bird (20.2 in 1991–92), Dražen Petrović (22.3 in 1992–93), Reggie Lewis (20.8 in 1992–93), and Michael Jordan (20.0 in 2002–03).

Post-basketball career
Since retiring from basketball, Mashburn has worked for ESPN as an analyst and launched a number of successful business ventures. As of 2018, he owned over 90 businesses, including 34 Outback Steakhouse franchises, 37 Papa John's franchises, and a number of car dealerships across the state of Kentucky. Mashburn is a partner in Ol Memorial Stable, along with former Kentucky coach Rick Pitino and Outback Steakhouse co-founder Chris T. Sullivan, which owns Kentucky Derby prospect Buffalo Man.

Personal life
Mashburn has lived in Miami since his retirement. In 2017, he and his wife divorced after a 17-year marriage. Their son, Jamal Jr., attended the Gulliver Prep before transferring to Brewster Academy. He plays college basketball for New Mexico after previously playing for Minnesota during his freshman season.

title: Jamal Mashburn


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2002 MLS SuperDraft

The 2002 Major League Soccer SuperDraft was held on February 10, 2002 in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.

One month earlier, MLS had contracted two clubs: Tampa Bay Mutiny and Miami Fusion. In conjunction with the contraction, the league conducted both an allocation draft and a dispersal draft in which the top 2002 SuperDraft picks of Tampa Bay and Miami, as well as players from those clubs, were made available to remaining MLS clubs.

Allocation draft
MLS distributed the players of the Miami Fusion and the Tampa Bay Mutiny to the rest of the league via an allocation draft that took place on January 11, 2002, where teams with excess allocations were allowed to select from their players; the participants and the selection order for the draft were announced three days before the draft was conducted.

Dispersal draft
Players who were not selected in the allocation draft were automatically assigned to the dispersal draft, which was held hours after the allocation draft occurred.

SuperDraft

 * Key

title: 2002 MLS SuperDraft


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User talk:Azn king28

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk)

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Hey King. Thanks for the tips! Gatewaycat

Transportation in NYC
Hey Azn - If you're a fan of the NY Knicks maybe you'd be interested in something else NYC related... The Transportation in New York City sub article has really come along and has been nominated to be a US Collaboration of the Week. Check it out and if you like it, please vote for it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:USCOTW We need all the votes we can get! Wv235 03:49, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject National Basketball Association June 2008 Newsletter
 The message above has been delivered by Diligent Terrier Bot, a bot operated by Diligent Terrier.

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Azn king28! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:47, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Jamal Mashburn -

Michelle Rhee, minor edits and edit summaries
Hi, I see you've made a number of edits to Michelle Rhee. It looks like you restored some deleted text and did some cleanup. Thanks! However it would be helpful if you'd not tag things like that as minor edits and if you'd provide some kind of edit summary. I found it a bit difficult to figure out what you were doing.

Thanks, Hobit (talk) 04:14, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Azn king28


text: User talk:66.177.103.19

title: User talk:66.177.103.19


text: Template:Phenethylamines

title: Template:Phenethylamines


text:
Stan Alves

Neil Stanley "Stan" Alves, OAM (born 22 May 1946) is a former Australian rules football player and coach.

Melbourne
Alves played 226 games and kicked a total of 160 goals for the Melbourne Football Club from 1965 until 1976. captaining them from 1973–1976 and finishing runner-up for the Brownlow Medal in 1975.

North Melbourne
Alves joined North Melbourne in 1977. Legend has it that he chose to play for North Melbourne rather than Collingwood based on a coin toss. It proved to be a wise decision as North Melbourne met Collingwood in the 1977 Grand Final and, after initially playing a 76-all draw, won the replay 151–124.

Alves played 40 games for North Melbourne and kicked a total of 14 goals from 1977 until 1979 before retiring from his playing career.

St Kilda Football Club senior coach (1994-1998)
Alves became senior coach of St Kilda in 1994, when he replaced Ken Sheldon. In the 1994 season, St Kilda under Alves finished 13th on the ladder out of 15 teams in a disappointing season. The following 1995 season, St Kilda once again under Alves had another disappointing season as they finished 14th out of 16 teams. St Kilda won the 1996 pre-season competition. In the 1996 season, St Kilda under Alves had another disappointing season, after a promising pre-season competition to find itself finished 10th after round 22. St Kilda won just 10 games for the season.

Alves however went on to coach St Kilda in the 1997 season to finish as runners up and first grand final in 26 years in 1997, where St Kilda under Alves lost to Adelaide by thirty-one points in the 1997 AFL Grand Final. This earned Alves the AFL Coach of the Year award. In the 1998 season, St Kilda under Alves had a great start winning 11 of its first 14 games, but unfortunately an end of season drop of form saw St Kilda drop down the ladder. St Kilda again qualified for the Finals Series finishing sixth. In the 1998 Finals Series, St Kilda were eliminated by Melbourne In the semi-final. At the end of the 1998 season, Alves was sacked as St Kilda Football Club senior coach. Alves was then replaced by Tim Watson as St Kilda Football Club senior coach.

Awards
On 24 October 2000, Alves was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australian football. On 26 January 2008, Alves was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for "service to Australian Rules football as a player, coach and commentator, and to the community as a supporter of charitable organisations".

Playing statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1965 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1966 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1967 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1968 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1969 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1970 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1971 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1972 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1973 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1974 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1975 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1976 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 1977 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1978 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1979 ! colspan=3| Career ! 266 ! 174 ! 220 ! 3940 ! 1075 ! 5015 ! 1265 ! N/A ! 0.7 ! 0.8 ! 14.9 ! 4.1 ! 18.9 ! 4.8 ! N/A
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 12 || 1 || 2 || 115 || 13 || 128 || 32 || N/A || 0.1 || 0.2 || 9.6 || 1.1 || 10.7 || 2.7 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 18 || 2 || 12 || 254 || 44 || 298 || 63 || N/A || 0.1 || 0.7 || 14.1 || 2.4 || 16.6 || 3.5 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 18 || 7 || 5 || 296 || 48 || 344 || 83 || N/A || 0.4 || 0.3 || 16.4 || 2.7 || 19.1 || 4.6 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 18 || 20 || 17 || 278 || 70 || 348 || 74 || N/A || 1.1 || 0.9 || 15.4 || 3.9 || 19.3 || 4.1 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|Melbourne
 * 15 || 20 || 16 || 20 || 317 || 72 || 389 || 89 || N/A || 0.8 || 1.0 || 15.9 || 3.6 || 19.5 || 4.5 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 20 || 3 || 16 || 318 || 84 || 402 || 98 || N/A || 0.2 || 0.8 || 15.9 || 4.2 || 20.1 || 4.9 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 18 || 9 || 17 || 276 || 81 || 357 || 92 || N/A || 0.5 || 0.9 || 15.3 || 4.5 || 19.8 || 5.1 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 21 || 22 || 14 || 373 || 62 || 435 || 136 || N/A || 1.0 || 0.7 || 17.8 || 3.0 || 20.7 || 6.5 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 22 || 29 || 27 || 318 || 83 || 401 || 120 || N/A || 1.3 || 1.2 || 14.5 || 3.8 || 18.2 || 5.5 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 21 || 11 || 24 || 343 || 114 || 457 || 123 || N/A || 0.5 || 1.1 || 16.3 || 5.4 || 21.8 || 5.9 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 20 || 26 || 19 || 320 || 97 || 417 || 105 || N/A || 1.3 || 1.1 || 16.8 || 5.1 || 22.0 || 5.5 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 15 || 18 || 14 || 19 || 225 || 120 || 345 || 73 || N/A || 0.8 || 1.1 || 12.5 || 6.7 || 19.2 || 4.1 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 16 || 3 || 11 || 223 || 81 || 304 || 84 || N/A || 0.2 || 0.7 || 13.9 || 5.1 || 19.0 || 5.3 || N/A
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 6 || 2 || 3 || 74 || 22 || 96 || 27 || N/A || 0.3 || 0.5 || 12.3 || 3.7 || 16.0 || 4.5 || N/A
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 18 || 9 || 14 || 210 || 84 || 294 || 66 || N/A || 0.5 || 0.8 || 11.7 || 4.7 || 16.3 || 3.7 || N/A
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

Coaching statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" | 1994 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" | 1995 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" | 1996 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" | 1997 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" | 1998 ! colspan=2| Career totals ! 115 ! 55 ! 59 ! 1 ! 48.3% ! colspan=2|
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 22 || 7 || 14 || 1 || 34.1% || 13 || 15
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 22 || 8 || 14 || 0 || 36.4% || 14 || 16
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 22 || 10 || 12 || 0 || 45.5% || 10 || 16
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 25 || 17 || 8 || 0 || 68.0% || 1 || 16
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 24 || 13 || 11 || 0 || 54.2% || 6 || 16
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

title: Stan Alves


text: Category:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons


text:
Shorewall

Shorewall is an open source firewall tool for Linux that builds upon the Netfilter (iptables/ipchains) system built into the Linux kernel, making it easier to manage more complex configuration schemes by providing a higher level of abstraction for describing rules using text files. Its documentation is hosted on shorewall.org, while the latest code is hosted at https://gitlab.com/shorewall/code.

Configuration
It is not a daemon since it does not run continuously, but rather configures rules in the kernel that allow and disallow traffic through the system. Shorewall is configured through a group of plain-text configuration files and does not have a graphical user interface, though a Webmin module is available separately. A monitoring utility packaged with Shorewall can be used to watch the status of the system as it operates and to assist in testing.

Use
Shorewall is mainly used in network installations (as opposed to a personal computer firewall), since most of its strength lies in its ability to work with "zones", such as the DMZ or a 'net' zone. Each zone would then have different rules, making it easy to have for example relaxed rules on the company intranet, yet clamp down on traffic coming in from the Internet.

The plain-text configuration files are usually well-commented and easy to use, though Shorewall may be more difficult for new users to handle than other firewall systems with graphical front-ends.

History
Starting with version 4, Shorewall began using a Perl-based compiler frontend; previously it used a shell-based compiler frontend. Support for IPv6 firewalling is included since version 4.2.4.

On 18 February 2019, primary developer Tom Eastep announced that he is retiring from the project, and 5.2.3 would be his final release. Management of the Shorewall project was handed over to a Shorewall committee who would manage the future direction of the Shorewall project. Tom Eastep however continues to be a major contributor to the Shorewall project as of September 2020.

title: Shorewall


text:
GDC

GDC may refer to:

Organizations

 * Democratic Group of the Centre (Romanian: Grupul Democrat de Centru), a political party in Romania
 * Gabriel Dumont College, now Gabriel Dumont Institute, in Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Gambia Democratic Congress, a political party in the Gambia
 * General Development Corporation, a defunct American real estate company
 * General Dental Council in the United Kingdom
 * Genstar Development Company, a Canadian real estate developer
 * Georgia Department of Corrections, of the U.S. state of Georgia
 * Geothermal Development Company, in Kenya
 * Giordano Dance Chicago, an American dance company
 * Government degree colleges in India
 * Gravity Discovery Centre, in Gingin, Western Australia
 * Society of Graphic Designers of Canada
 * Virginia General District Court

Science and technology

 * Gadolinium-doped ceria
 * Game Developers Conference, an annual video game conference
 * Graphic Display Calculator
 * Guglielmi detachable coil
 * GDC, a compiler for the D programming language
 * Global delivery center, IT services by a global company

Other uses

 * Donaldson Center Airport, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
 * Gross dealer concession
 * Global Digital Compact, an initiative in the United Nations

title: GDC


text:
ADI Stallion

The ADI Stallion is a US civil utility aircraft that first flew in July 1994. It is marketed in kit form for homebuilding by Aircraft Designs Inc.

Design and development
The Stallion is a single-engined high-winged monoplane, with wings based on those of the Lancair ES and a retractable tricycle landing gear from the Lancair IV. It has a steel-tube fuselage center section, with the remainder of the airframe of composite construction, and is designed to be powered by engines of 230–350 hp (172–261 kW). The recommended engine is the 300 hp Continental IO-550, but engines as powerful as the 750 hp Walter M601 have been used. It is available in two versions, the four seat ADI Stallion and the six-seat Super Stallion.

Operational history
Seven examples had been completed and flown by December 2007.

title: ADI Stallion


text:
Category talk:Historians of the United States

comments
Is this a category for historians who happen to be born in the United States or is it about historians who study the United States? Can this be specified on its main page because it is rather ambiguous in my opinion. --Fastfission 06:43, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * In initially creating the category, I included only the latter, though it looks like others have added, so I guess it does need clarification. RadicalSubversiv E 20:56, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Since RadicalSubversiv has put a note on this page clarifying that it is for historians who study the US, I won't move any more US-born historians studying other countries there, but I think we have a problem, as most of the historian categories are historians from that country. We really need to have two sets of categories, both Category:Historians of US history and Category:Historians from the US.

More immediately, should we remove Category:United States Historians as a subcategory of Category:American people, since you don't need to be an American in order to write about US history? I added this parent when I was confused about the purpose of the category. It should be a subcategory of Category:United States history instead.

For consistency in naming, the "Historians" should be lower-case ie "historians", and if the category is to be renamed, perhaps its worth using something like the Category:Historians of US history format.

I won't implement these ideas myself, as this isn't an area of specialty for me, and I've probably stepped on enough toes here already.-gadfium 01:04, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Don't worry, you've stepped on no toes. It's clearly my fault for not being clear enough in the category and looking at the others. Perhaps what we really need is go up a level and create both "Historians by field of study" and "Historians by nationality." I think the Category:American people is fine for the moment, as everyone on the list is both an American and a historian of United States. RadicalSubversiv E 01:11, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the clarification. I thought it was very weird when I saw Thomas Kuhn put under this distinction so I thought I would ask. --Fastfission 01:14, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

My suggestion: How about we rename this to "Historians of the United States"? It's not entirely in sync with the others but we are trying to separate it from the implication of Category:American historians, i.e. I think it properly emphasizes the difference between subject and nationality. If anybody is curious, though, how it is done "in the field" -- it is done both ways and they most often mean subject, not nationality ("American historians" and "Historians of the US"). That's in part because the question of a scholar's nationality is very rarely used as a modifier of the profession, at least in the discipline of History (if I were to say that one was a French historian, it would mean one studies France. If I meant a French national, I would probably say, a historian from France). --Fastfission 15:50, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. Perhaps the level above could have "Historians by nationality" and "Historians by field of study"? RadicalSubversiv E 18:30, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Profzoom

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title: User:Profzoom


text:
Talk:Dedham, Massachusetts

seed of education
An anon user placed the phrase, in quotes, "seed of American education" into this article. I would like to use it elsewhere - does anyone have the original souce for it? Thanks! Briancua 20:36, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

old discussion
Had this edit been only of dubious factuality or of dubious relevance, I might not have reverted it immediately. However, given not only the situation but the fact that he himself states Dedham was only one of a "number of [...] New England commmunities" where this was the case, it is not relevant enough to Dedham to justify its inclusion here. -- Antaeus Feldspar 06:58, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Feldspar, it's only "dubious" to you, because a) you don't live nearby (but I do) and b) you haven't studied local history for years (but I have). 15:19, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * It is "dubious" to me because you are following exactly the pattern you accused me of: "vindictive [...] by a disgruntled editor who has been in a revert war with me and is stalking my edits".  And even were it accurate information, as it would clearly be if you would, say, cite your sources, it is still information that you yourself say is accurate for a number of New England communities -- only one of which you have added this information to.  If you were to document the assertion and add it to an article on the history of the region, I would have no objections.  But you have shown ample evidence that you are acting in bad faith, and this is just more of [the same; you are editing not to produce a better version of Wikipedia, but to harass.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 16:22, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Feldspar, you are really overdoing it here. As for my Dedham source, it's this book here, my original edition hardback copy of which I gave to a local history scholar 8 years ago and do not have at hand to cite. Also, for several years, before I moved, I was on a first name basis with certain Sacco family members whose grandfather was Sacco's brother - so please don't tell me about Dedham History.

Even so, you really ought to read that book if you are interested in a clear, accurate picture of that time period in Massachusetts and Dedham in particular. Please note the particular book I am pointing you to has few reviews, because frankly, not many people care about Dedham from those days. In fact one reviewer, who gave only "2 stars" due to it being "un-interesting" was still compelled to say "For anyone looking for the most complete view of early New England, this is it".

Now as to why the parish factoid belongs in the Dedham article: Well that's simple - most of the towns going west from Dedham - right on out to Millis, Medway and Mendon - all originally split off from Dedham many years ago. Dedham was the core town from which much of the area sprung. This is along the lines of how Norwood split off from Westwood in 1872 (and Westwood was previously part of Dedham). And frankly, if you don't understand the parish issue in Eastern Massachusetts from the older era, you can't ever get a correct grasp of why the "no establishment of religion" angle was later important and what it actually originally meant. But of course, based on how alert and critical I see that your mind is (judging from your sharp, yet trenchant comments about me on the Arb 3 request page), I am guessing you already know the true history of the financial/religious issue behind part of the Establishment Clause. Could it be then, you are biased towards the modern liberal bent which seeks to hide the truth about America's religious heritage? Hmmmmm... We shall see, we shall see.

Suffice it to say then, since I have given you the source and I have justified it's inclusion, I am reverting you. Have a nice day.

PS: Please use this link if you want to read some of that book online for free. The "arrows" at each side of the cover image, allow you to move forward and backwards.

PPS: My wife's great aunt, whose family has lived locally (to the Dedham general area) stretching back over 350 years is almost 100 (she actually had a retired Union Civil War officer as a neighbor as a child) and has shared oodles of interesting factoids about this area with us. Suffice it to say, the local historical societies are jammed with facts and details which never get into books. The parish aspect of Dedham however, did make it into a book and is a very important part of American History. You sell yourself short, if you ingore it. 17:32, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

16:56, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

These are the Google search results for "Establishment clause" and "Dedham". Nowhere do they indicate support for the theory that Dedham was somehow notable among the communities where this practice that was eventually overturned by the Establishment Clause was to be found. Your claim that it is proven because you read it in a book that you've now given away is insufficient. -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:13, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * This is the type of argumentation that I refer to as Beating a dead horse. The issue has been proven (see above). Simply because you cannot confirm it via Google, does not mean it's not sound and true. Frankly, for us to not be constantly at each others throats, it's going to require you opening your mind somewhat, sometimes. Please read the book and then tell me if the context of those times do not make clear that the parish system wasn't a substantial part of the rationale for much of the impetus for the "no establishment of religion" clause. Would you like to put a small wager on it? How about the loser on this point quits the Wiki for one year? I'm game if you are. Also, I see now that my follow-up question on your talk page just now is premature. Please consider it stricken. Also, your "Googling" could stand improvement. Here is a seach for Religious Freedom "Dedham" note that it returns as the #3 link, this which is informative, though not precisely on point. It does however have this interesting statement on it "Relatively little known outside the rarefied circles of colonial scholarship is the fact that it was a popular movement in the late 1630s that demanded the explicit codification of the colonists rights.". Anyway, Feldspar, if you would stop leaping to adverse conclusions, I might be willing to agree to a negotiated truce between us. Let me know if you are interested. Also, this link which also turned up among the 4,120 hits via my Google, seems to address the point I raise more closely. Please read this passage there "The word town denoted ecclesiastical and civil boundaries. Parishes are not mentioned as ecclesiastical divisions, and the distinction between the two was not known in old Colony and Massachusetts records. Instead, provincial statutes use precinct, parish and district indiscriminately for ecclesiastical as well as civil purposes. It is only after the Revolution that the term parish begins to be used in a strictly ecclesiastical sense, when its inhabitants began to be considered a "body corporate" and when the parish itself had to be divided. This second type of territorial parish or precinct consisted of contiguous lands, otherwise the term poll parish was used. The third type which sprang up had no reference to lands and estates and was commonly called a religious society.". Touché, no? [[User:Rex071404|Rex071404 [[Image:Happyjoe.jpg]] ]] 18:23, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Rex apparently pretends to interpret the fact that I have not used my third revert as "yielding". To clarify the point, then, here is my third revert. -- Antaeus Feldspar 19:38, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Feldspar, did you even READ this link? It addresses and satisfies every one of the historical fact issues you raised. [[User:Rex071404|Rex071404 [[Image:Happyjoe.jpg]] ]] 20:13, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

As I read it, the text which Feldspar (and others) keep reverting is perfectly valid and correct. I am restoring it. 216.153.214.94 15:49, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * The text which 216.153.214.94071404 keeps reverting is not "perfectly valid and correct." No practicable verification has been offered for it.  Anyone who reads the cited sources and compares it with the text that has been inserted by other editors and myself will realize that everything which has been verified has, in fact, already been included in the article.  The claims which go beyond what we have verification for, which 216.153.214.94071404 keeps putting in, cannot be taken at face value, as they originate with an editor who has -- to put it mildly -- a problem with truth, especially on any article regarding politics.  One doesn't have to look any further than this talk page itself to see that; just look upwards.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 16:27, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Feldspar is simply mistaken. This link provides more than ample enough data to corroborate the edit which Feldspar keeps reverting. Also, Feldspar has been admonished by Fred Bauder (see proof here) to get a copy of "Lockridge, Kenneth A. (1985). A New England Town: The First Hundred Years: Dedham, Massachusetts, 1636-1736 (2nd ed.). W. W. Norton." but he refuses to do it. It's clear that Feldspar has an agenda other than allowing edits which reflect the truth about America's Christian heritage. Perhaps he would be willing to share with us what his real objection is. Certainly it's not lack of documentation for the edit he keeps reverting. 216.153.214.94 17:21, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * As 216.153.214.94071404 would know if he was concerned about the content of the article, instead of his campaign of harassment, all the information found at this link that is relevant to Dedham has been included. I read the linked article and summarized the relevant information.  The question is not why I am reverting 216.153.214.94071404's edits; it is why he is reverting mine.  Everything he has provided proof for has gone in the article; has he advanced any sort of rationale why he should be allowed to go further and insert his edits, which both duplicate information already there and add new information that he has yet to provide proof for?  No, he has not.

 * I will not even comment on the chutzpah it takes for someone to cite the second Request for Arbitration opened against them in order to quote a particular one of their victims being mildly admonished by an adminstrator. As that same adminstrator made clear, there is no question who is "keeping the hell agoing" in this case.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:39, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Please take note that Feldspar refuses to discuss the merits of the information to be found at the links cited. Rather, he engages in inaccurate, misapplied, personal attacks. 216.153.214.94 18:57, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * More information for the willifully blind Feldspar:

 * "When the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts, they founded what was in essence the puritan church – which over time became known as the Congregational Church. The parish of each church composed the entire town. If you lived in a town, you were a resident of the parish, although not necessarily a member of the church. When you paid your taxes, however, some of your money went to support the parish church. Moneys to run the church came from the town.

 * Indeed, initially many of the early colonists in the 1600s lived in essence in theocracies, with people of only one religious persuasion welcome in the community. Thus, when one reads some of the early records of Puritan Connecticut, for example, one finds Quakers prosecuted under the law. Elsewhere, one can find evidence of Baptists being persecuted. New England was predominantly Congregationalist, with the exception of Rhode Island. Pennsylvania was known for its Quakers, but it also tolerated others". " 216.153.214.94 19:07, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It's pretty interesting that religion in Dedham is still causing such a stink. I live behind the First Church in Dedham (Unitarian) on land owned by the church (I've got a 999-year lease, around 750 to go). According to local legend, the First Church became too liberal for some of the parishioner's tastes in the 1700's so they decamped and built a new church (the Allin Congregational Church) right across High Street from the First Church. They're both still there today. Again as legend has it, the Unitarians were so mad that they moved the location of the front door of the church, which used to face High Street, so that it faced Court Street instead, so they wouldn't have to look at their former brethren as they entered and exited church. This would have been no big deal except that the newly formed Congregational parish took a bunch of record books, silver, etc with them as they claimed that the Unitarians had changed so much that they in essence represented a new church. It took a long time and a couple of court cases before they both agreed to loan the silver to the (presumably) neutral Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

So here we are 200-some-odd years later and you still hear these stories at cocktail parties in Precinct 1, and good ol' Dedham's now stirring up trouble on the net, too! Well, whaddaya know, maybe some old stories have some truth to them: http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/newsletter/2003/oct10.html -- TobyCabot

An idea for a separate article
"The town was originally arranged via a Parish delineation system with the residents of each required to pay into their local parish whether they attended that church or not . This arrangement - which was also followed in a number of other Massachusetts and New England commmunities in the pre-Bill of Rights days - and the resentment it caused a number of people, was one of the prime rationales for the inclusion of the Establishment Clause into the United States Constitution. "

Rex/216 - is there an article that already describes this concept? Seems to me that if "a number of other...communities" used this system, it would be far more productive to create an article describing that, and in that article provide at least a partial list of communities, like Dedham, that used it. I think I have to agree with the others that having something like this in this article isn't very helpful, since this town is not notable for it. Write up a separate article just about this historical fact, cite your sources, and let it stand on it's own. What do you think? -- Netoholic @ 21:33, 2004 Nov 4 (UTC)

I strongly urge people to thoroughly look into this (as I have done). Dedham, Massachusetts is more notable on this issue, as it was one of the core towns in Massachusetts and this Parish/Tax issue was more prevelant in Massachusetts than most other states. Absent me writing out a full history for everyone on this page, there is no way I can explain this all to you. Anyone who is interested ought to read this book. Frankly, anyone who won't read that book, really ought to shut up and butt out. Also, the links I have provided on this talk page are enough for any honest person to confirm that my edit is correct. I am really disgusted at the fraudelent tag-team reverts that were performed by underinformed, closed-minded editors such as Violet, et al. As for "a number of other communities" this is included to avoid the impression that it was Dedham only. On the other hand, this edit was in the history section of Dedham, so even if the issue was also part of the history of other towns there really is no reason to exclude it. Frankly, it boggles my mind that certain editors here are intentionally trying to block that edit about Colonial Dedham. There has been ZERO supported rationale for excluding it. In fact, only Feldspar has even offered any rationales of any kind, and his are not supported by the facts. The edit is true, the history is true. Trying to deny that would be like saying that water is not H2O. 216.153.214.94 00:11, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think the rational for excluding it may have been rash, and neither side is doing any good in perpetuating it. The article is not harmed or helped appreciably with this inclusion.  For now, I encourage Rex/216 to make a start on a new article, and I'd ask other editors to get involved with the idea of documenting this interesting bit of history. Later, we can see what method works best to link the city articles with the new article.  I don't know much about the subject, but I'd be willing to help research and get it off the ground it it will help us get to the point where the page protection isn't needed.  So... what's a good title to make the new article under? -- Netoholic @ 16:51, 2004 Nov 5 (UTC)

Title: Colonial Religious Taxation. 216.153.214.94 18:06, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Please see this 216.153.214.94 18:14, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Still waiting for others to join the dialog here

 * 1) 216.153.214.94 07:00, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I second Netoholic's suggestion. --kizzle 07:23, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)

Another Suggestion
It might be of interest to some readers to amplify the History section. In particular, there is no mention of Dedham's importance to the devlopment to the region, in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a leading market town and had some locally important industry. There is a monograph by Electa Kane Tritsch that could be usede as a reference, in addition to the several books of Dedham history. Davidb0229 22:05, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dedham flag.JPG
Image:Dedham flag.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:39, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Paul Thurrott
I think that paul SHOULD be in the list of notable residence. Because of a joke he made on windows weekly someone took him off the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.176.166.9 (talk) 14:37, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

He claimed he added it to show someone that anyone could edit Wikipedia. He also stated that he really does not want to be listed under notable residents. Should his wishes be honored? Dpeters11 (talk) 21:08, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

As discussed within the first few minutes in http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/twit.cachefly.net/ww0140.mp3, I don't believe Paul said he didn't want to be listed. He merely told how he put himself on the list years ago as a joke to show how useless wikipedia was because anyone could edit it. He later tried to remove himself to undo his joke and was unable to do so. I did not get the impression that he really cared one way or the other on the issue. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.161.234.70 (talk) 20:41, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

Actually at 13:50 he does say that he doesn't like that he was on the page. Despite that I do think he does deserve to be on here considering he has written what I am told is a successful series of tech books, manages a popular Windows tech site and is host of a podcast on one of if not the most popular podcast network to date. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.231.91.210 (talk) 20:58, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Dedham, Massachusetts. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150531073236/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/26/us/26costello.html to http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/26/us/26costello.html

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Counties not identified
The present Norfolk county was not formed until 1793. Counties for Dedham before then are not identified. I guessed Suffolk, but possibly Essex for some years. 2602:304:CDA6:51B0:E1:DF31:5B44:7E0A (talk) 23:39, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://dedhamhighalumni.org/dhs/mirror/fy02/April2002/staterep.htm
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External links modified
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As in 'lily'
I was getting worried because your article sweeps aside all those millennia of native habitation and says that the topic begins in 1635 A.D. with the white settlers, perhaps suggesting that this substantial tract of land was unoccupied and inherently theirs from the get-go.

So it was with great relief that a text search brings up a mention of Indians. The Cleveland Indians.

Jimlue (talk) 03:28, 26 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dedham, Massachusetts


text:
HP calculators

HP calculators are various calculators manufactured by the Hewlett-Packard company over the years.

Their desktop models included the HP 9800 series, while their handheld models started with the HP-35. Their focus has been on high-end scientific, engineering and complex financial uses.

History
In the 1960s, Hewlett-Packard was becoming a diversified electronics company with product lines in electronic test equipment, scientific instrumentation, and medical electronics, and was just beginning its entry into computers. The corporation recognized two opportunities: it might be possible to automate the instrumentation that HP was producing, and HP's customer base were likely to buy a product that could replace the slide rules and adding machines that were being used for computation.

With this in mind, HP built the HP 9100 desktop scientific calculator. This was a full-featured calculator that included not only standard "adding machine" functions but also powerful capabilities to handle floating-point numbers, trigonometric functions, logarithms, exponentiation, and square roots.

This new calculator was well received by the customer base, but William Hewlett saw additional opportunities if the desktop calculator could be made small enough to fit into his shirt pocket. He charged his engineers with this exact goal using the size of his shirt pocket as a guide. The result was the HP-35 calculator. This calculator provided functionality that was revolutionary for a pocket calculator at that time.

Through the years, HP released several calculators that varied in their mathematical capabilities, programmability, and I/O capabilities. Some of them could be used (via HP-IL) to control the instruments other Hewlett Packard divisions produced.

On 1 November 2021, Moravia Consulting spol. s r.o. (for all markets but the Americas) and Royal Consumer Information Products, Inc. (for the Americas) became the licensees of HP Development Company, L.P. to continue the development, production, distribution, marketing and support of any HP-branded calculators.

Characteristics
HP calculators are well known for their use of reverse Polish notation (RPN).

Programmable HP calculators allow users to create their own programs.

Calculators
Below are some of HP's handheld calculator models produced over the years, in numeric rather than chronological order:

Simulators

 * HP12C Simulator Web based
 * HP15C Simulator for Windows (XP and following), Mac OS X (Intel) and Linux (x86)
 * HP25C Simulator for Windows NT/2K/XP and Vista (32 bit only)
 * HP29C Simulator for Windows NT/2K/XP and Vista (32 bit only)
 * HP33C Simulator for Windows NT/2K/XP and Vista (32 bit only)
 * HP67 Simulator for Windows NT/2K/XP and Vista (32 bit only)
 * HP97 Simulator for Windows XP and Vista (32 bit only)
 * Nonpareil free source HP simulator set for Linux, Mac OS X and Windows
 * nonpareil for Mac OS X
 * debug4x ?
 * x49gp for Unix machines
 * HP emulators for the PC
 * HP page of Christoph Giesselink
 * emu48 emulator quick setup
 * The RPN/RPL Implementations list includes many simulators
 * HP Calculator emulators, 12c, 15c, 42s, 48GX, etc. for iPhone and iPad (by various developers)

title: HP calculators


text: Template:Argentine Primera División

title: Template:Argentine Primera División


text:
Wilbert Rideau

Wilbert Rideau (born February 13, 1942) is an American convicted killer and former death row inmate from Lake Charles, Louisiana, who became an author and award-winning journalist while held for 44 years at Angola Prison. Rideau was convicted in 1961 of first-degree murder of Julia Ferguson in the course of a bank robbery that year, and sentenced to death. He was held in solitary confinement on death row, pending execution. After the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that states had to rework their death penalty statutes because of constitutional concerns, the Louisiana Court judicially amended his sentence in 1972 to life in prison.

During his 12 years on death row, Rideau had begun to educate himself, by reading numerous books. After being returned to the general prison population, from 1975 Rideau served for more than 20 years as editor of The Angolite, the magazine written and published by prisoners at Louisiana State Prison (Angola); he was the first African-American editor of any prison newspaper in the United States. Under his leadership, the magazine won the George Polk Award and Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award for its reporting, and it was nominated for others.

Rideau appealed his case four times. The Supreme Court of the United States and lower courts ordered a total of three new trials; SCOTUS overturned his conviction and ordered a new trial because of adverse pre-trial publicity. He was convicted again of murder two more times, in 1964 and 1970, each time by all-male, all-white juries. He served more than 40 years in the State Penitentiary; parole was never approved. In 2005 Rideau was tried a fourth time. He was unanimously convicted by the jury of the lesser charge of manslaughter; they did not believe he had planned the killing. Rideau was sentenced to the maximum of 21 years; as he had already served nearly 44 years, he was freed.

A Life magazine article in March 1993 referred to Rideau as "the most rehabilitated prisoner in America." He has written several books and edited compilations of articles. He participated in making two documentaries, including The Farm: Angola, USA (1998), about the lives of six men at Angola, including himself. It was drawn from his memoir Life Sentences (1992) and much of the film was made at the prison.

Childhood and youth
Wilbert Rideau was born in Louisiana in 1942. When he was six, his family moved to Lake Charles, Louisiana (a city in Calcasieu Parish in the west of the state. It is about 30 miles from the Texas border). He attended racially segregated public schools, according to state law: Second Ward Elementary School in the lower grades, and starting at W. O. Boston High School when he was in eighth grade. He soon started skipping classes. At 13, Rideau got a job at a grocery store and stopped going to school before finishing ninth grade. He became involved in petty crime.

Rideau was 19 when he committed an armed bank robbery in Lake Charles in 1961. He forced three white workers into a car and drove away with them as hostages. In the course of their trying to escape, Rideau fatally shot and stabbed bank teller Julia Ferguson and wounded another teller and the manager. The survivors testified to Rideau's guilt, noting that Rideau first shot Ferguson and then plunged a knife into the woman's chest. The two other bank employees survived by pretending to be dead.

Trials and imprisonment

Before Rideau was arraigned, a local television news station, KPLC-TV, filmed his being interviewed by the parish sheriff at the jail. Rideau responded to leading questions and admitted to killing teller Julia Ferguson in the course of a robbery. He did not appear to know he was being filmed, and he was without counsel. This material was broadcast three times in Calcasieu Parish, exposing a large part of the population to the interview and confession before Rideau was arraigned or taken to trial.

The defense requested a change of venue because of possible influence of the broadcast on potential jury members, which the court denied. Rideau was tried in 1961 before an all-male, all-white jury. At this time, blacks in Louisiana were still largely disenfranchised: excluded from voting, they were also excluded from juries and political office. He was convicted in less than an hour of first-degree murder in the death of teller Julia Ferguson. The jury included "two deputy sheriffs, a cousin of the dead victim and a bank vice president who knew the wounded manager". Rideau was sentenced to death, which is the punishment for first-degree murder.

His 1961 conviction was ultimately appealed to the Supreme Court. In Rideau v. Louisiana (1963), the court ruled that the adverse pre-trial publicity and failure by the lower court to grant a change of venue had compromised his receiving due process. The majority decision said, "Yet in this case the people of Calcasieu Parish saw and heard, not once but three times, a "trial" of Rideau in a jail, presided over by a sheriff, where there was no lawyer to advise Rideau of his right to stand mute." The court overturned the conviction and ordered a new trial.

The District Attorney of Calcasieu Parish, Frank Salter, Jr., reindicted Rideau for the killing of Ferguson. In 1964 another all-male, all-white jury quickly convicted Rideau again of first-degree murder. That conviction was overturned by appeal, and Rideau was tried a third time in 1970. Rideau was convicted a third time of first-degree murder by an all-white jury.

He was returned to death row at Angola, where he was held in solitary confinement pending his execution. During this time, he became determined to become educated. He started reading widely, and credits books with helping him survive and become a better person.

In 1972, following the Supreme Court ruling in Furman v. Georgia, finding the current state laws unconstitutional as they varied widely in how they administered the death penalty, the court ordered states to void the death sentences of persons on death row. They ordered their sentences to be amended to the next most severe level, generally life imprisonment. Some 587 men and 26 women were moved off death rows across the country. Rideau's sentence was amended by Louisiana to life in prison.

Rideau was moved into the general prison population. After another appeal, based on the exclusion of blacks from the grand jury that had indicted him in 1970, despite passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s to end racial discrimination, Rideau's last conviction was vacated.

A new trial was ordered and he was tried a fourth time in 2005. The jury was made up of ten women and two men, seven whites and five blacks. They deliberated for nearly six hours before reaching a unanimous decision, convicting him of the lesser charge of manslaughter. The judge sentenced him to the maximum of 21 years. Since Rideau had already served more than twice that time, nearly 44 years, he was freed immediately.

Legal history of the case
Rideau's criminal case reached the Supreme Court on appeal. In Rideau v. Louisiana, 373 U.S. 723 (1963), the court made a landmark ruling related to the effects of adverse pre-trial publicity and the refusal of the court to agree to a change of venue, which it ruled was a denial of due process of law for the defendant. The Court overturned Rideau's 1961 conviction because of the repeated broadcasts by the local television station of the sheriff's "interview" with Rideau in jail, and with no counsel. The Court said this resulted in "Kangaroo Court proceedings" and a kind of public trial in the media before his case ever reached court. In addition, the Parish Court had refused the defense attorney's request for a change of venue. The Supreme Court ordered a new trial.

Rideau was retried by the Parish District Attorney for first-degree murder in 1964 and again convicted. After another appeal because of errors, he was retried in 1970; each of those convictions for first-degree murder were also by all-male, all-white juries. He remained on death row at Angola.

In 1972 the Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia that state laws for the death penalty were unconstitutional as currently written. States were ordered to judicially amend death sentences to the next level of severity, generally life imprisonment. Rideau and hundreds of other persons (mostly men) on death row across the country had their death sentences changed to life imprisonment.

In 2000, a federal appeals court ruled that Rideau's original indictment was flawed, because blacks had been excluded from the 1961 grand jury, which had indicted him on first-degree murder charges. (These charges were repeated by the prosecutor in subsequent trials.)

The Lake Charles, Louisiana, community divided largely along racial lines for four decades over the Rideau case. The parole board had repeatedly recommended he be given parole, but two Louisiana governors declined to approve it, largely due to strong local pressure from whites in Calcasieu Parish. In the fourth and final trial in January 2005, most white spectators sat behind the prosecutor's table and most blacks sat behind the defense.

Rideau had always admitted robbing the bank, fleeing with hostage employees, and killing one of them. Attorneys in the final trial presented two versions of these events. The prosecution held that Rideau used premeditation to line up his victims before shooting them, and that Ferguson had begged for her life. The defense said that Rideau had panicked and reacted impulsively - first, when a phone call interrupted the robbery, and then when hostage Dora McCain jumped from the get-away car and ran, followed by the other two employees. He said that Rideau killed in panic rather than by premeditation. The defense urged a verdict of manslaughter. The jury unanimously convicted Rideau of manslaughter, and the judge sentenced him to the maximum of 21 years. As Rideau had already served more than twice that long, he was immediately freed.

Prison journalism
In the early 1970s, Rideau wrote a column, "The Jungle", for a chain of black weeklies in Louisiana. He freelanced articles to mainstream media, including the Shreveport Journal and Penthouse. A headline referred to him as "The Wordman of Angola", saying "Rideau is Angola Penitentiary's Birdman of Alcatraz. He is a prisoner who has transformed the dark, drab, terror-filled life of prison into a greenhouse for the flowering of his talent."

Rideau had not gone beyond the ninth grade in his formal education before his arrest and incarceration. He educated himself by extensive reading while in prison.

In 1975, a federal court ordered the Angola prison to be reformed, the result of a civil suit by the ACLU because of the high level of violence and abuse of prisoner rights. The consent decree required the prison to institute desegregation of programs and work assignments. The outgoing warden appointed Rideau as editor of The Angolite; he was the first African-American editor of any prison journal in the United States. The incoming warden ratified the choice and, with a handshake, gave Rideau freedom from censorship. This warden's progressive administration supported the nation's only uncensored prison publication. During his 25 years as editor, Rideau became well known nationally, gaining a reputation beyond the prison.

In 1979, Rideau and co-editor Billy Sinclair won the George Polk Award for the articles "The Other Side of Murder" and "Prison: The Sexual Jungle". In addition, the magazine won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award, the American Bar Association's Silver Gavel Award, and a 1981 Sidney Hillman Award. The Angolite was the first prison publication ever to be nominated for a National Magazine Award, and it was nominated seven times.

Rideau was permitted to travel the state accompanied only by an unarmed guard to lecture about the prison newspaper. He was permitted to fly to Washington, D.C. twice to address the nation's newspaper editors on the subject of prison journalism.

Rideau and co-editor Ron Wikberg were named "Person of the Week" for their journalism on Peter Jennings's World News Tonight in August 1992. Wikberg was the Angolite associate editor from 1988 to 1992 (he was paroled that year). He died in October 1994.

Books and compilations
After being released, Rideau wrote In the Place of Justice: A Story of Punishment and Deliverance (2010), recalling his experiences in Angola. It won the 2011 Dayton Literary Peace Prize and was shortlisted for the British CWA Gold Dagger prize for non-fiction.

With Ron Wikberg, associate editor, Rideau edited The Wall Is Strong: Corrections in Louisiana (1991), used as a textbook. This textbook was a compilation of magazine and newspaper articles, and papers from the Center for Criminal Justice Research of University of Southwestern Louisiana. About half of the book's articles were first published in The Angolite. Rideau and Wikberg collaborated on the book with Professor Burk Foster of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

Rideau and Wikberg also collaborated on Life Sentences: Rage and Survival Behind Bars, a 1992 anthology of articles from The Angolite. It was published in 1992 by Times Books, a subsidiary of Random House, but went out of print.

This book came to the attention of Elizabeth Garbus and Jonathan Stack, a pair of New York documentary filmmakers. They drew from it for their film The Farm: Angola, USA (1998). Rideau was credited for his work with them on the film; he was also among the six men featured in the documentary, which has won numerous awards.

Other media
In the 1990s, Rideau branched out into radio, television, and documentary film making. He became a correspondent for National Public Radio, produced a segment for ABC-TV's newsmagazine Day One; and collaborated with radio documentarian Dave Isay for a piece entitled "Tossing Away the Keys."

He collaborated on creating and producing two documentary films, Final Judgment: The Execution of Antonio James (1996), directed and produced by filmmakers Jonathan Stack and Elizabeth Garbus, and The Farm: Angola, USA (1998), directed by the same pair, with credit also to Rideau. The latter drew from Life Sentences, the book which he and the late Ron Wikberg had edited together. The Farm won an Emmy Award and several others, as well as being as nominated for an Academy Award.

Clemency efforts
Mother Jones said in 2010 that "a mix of racial politics and tough-on-crime posturing blocked [Rideau's] release for more than three decades", even though several LSP wardens had said that Rideau was completely rehabilitated. The parole board recommended parole for him, but two governors declined to approve it. Many local people in Calcasieu Parish opposed any parole for him. Rideau remained incarcerated through the mid-1990s, while other inmates with similar sentences were paroled in this period.

An investigation by 20/20 revealed statements by Governor of Louisiana Edwin Edwards, who said that he believed that Rideau was rehabilitated, but that he would not release him "under any circumstances'. Rideau said that governors did not advocate for his release because he had become "a political football" due to his appeals and retrials. He believed that it would be difficult for any prisoner in Louisiana to be released from prison.

Fourth appeal, trial, and aftermath
In 1998 the Legal Defense Fund of the NAACP joined his case and participated in mounting a fourth appeal. In December 2000, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans threw out Rideau's 1970 murder conviction, based on grounds of racial discrimination in the grand jury process in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, which had indicted him. All the members of the grand jury were white.

To the surprise of many outside the area, the Calcasieu Parish prosecutor decided to try Rideau for a fourth time for first-degree murder. Rideau was indicted again in July 2001. The jury, composed of both men and women, and blacks and whites, unanimously found him guilty of manslaughter. They did not believe that he had planned the killing of the clerk. The judge sentenced Rideau to the maximum of 21 years, but he had already served nearly 44, more than twice that, so he was released. Whereas Rideau had been represented by local court-appointed defense attorneys in his first three trials, his defense team in 2005 included prominent civil rights attorneys: Johnnie Cochran, George Kendall, and famed New Orleans defense attorney Julian Murray, who all worked on the case for free, or pro bono.

The retrial was prosecuted under the laws in effect at the time of the crime in 1961. The jury was free to convict Rideau of murder – the state elected to prosecute under the "specific intent" rather than the "felony murder" doctrine of the 1961 statute – or manslaughter, which in Louisiana is any homicide that would otherwise be murder if it is either committed without specific intent to harm an individual, or if it is committed in the heat of passion. The defense said that Rideau had become panicked during the robbery and especially by the hostages attempting to escape.

Shortly after Rideau's release, Judge David Ritchie, who had declared Rideau indigent at trial, ordered him to pay more than $127,000 to the court to cover the cost of the trial that ultimately freed him. This order was overturned in 2006 by the Louisiana Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

The Louisiana Court of Appeals stated:
 * [ . . . ] we find the trial court lacked legal authority to act for the parish of Calcasieu and lacked standing in its own right to seek recoupment of funds expended from the Criminal Court Fund. The trial court, however, retains authority to enforce the January 15, 2005 sentence which ordered Rideau to pay costs and to assess reasonable costs upon presentment by the parties who actually "incurred" the Article 887(A) expenses, consistent with this opinion and the Constitutions of Louisiana and the United States. We also vacate that portion of the March 15, 2005 Order directing Rideau to reimburse the IDB [Indigent Defender's Board] for all costs, expert witness fees and expenses associated with his defense.

After release
In 2008 Rideau married Linda LaBranche, a former college professor who had become one of his supporters years before.

In 2009, he co-directed and was included in the documentary The Farm: 10 Down (2009), Jonathan Stack's follow-up to the survivors among the six men he had featured in his earlier film on Angola. Rideau was the only one among them to have left the prison alive.

Since his release, Rideau has continued to write. He published a memoir, In the Place of Justice: A Story of Punishment and Deliverance (2010), about his years at Angola. He has frequently been asked to speak about his experiences, and his work to rehabilitate himself while in prison.

In 2011 Rideau was one of the invited speakers at the Newark Peace Education Summit in Newark, New Jersey. In April of that year, he was invited to the Roosevelt Hotel to receive the George Polk Award for journalism and give a long overdue speech. He had won the journalism award in 1980 for a series of essays titled The Sexual Jungle, which he published in The Angolite when he was still in prison.

title: Wilbert Rideau


text:
Rufous-bellied seedsnipe

The rufous-bellied seedsnipe (Attagis gayi) is a bird in suborder Scolopaci of order Charadriiformes, the shorebirds. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.

Taxonomy and systematics
The rufous-bellied seedsnipe shares its genus with the white-bellied seedsnipe (A. malouinus). They and the other two seedsnipes are closely related to the sandpipers of family Scolopacidae. It has three subspecies, the nominate A. g. gayi, A. g. latrelillii, and A. g. simonsi. At least one publication has suggested that A. g. latrelillii might deserve to be recognized as a species.

The rufous-bellied seedsnipe's specific epithet commemorates the French naturalist Claude Gay.

Description
The rufous-bellied seedsnipe is 27 to 30 cm long and weighs about 280 to 400 g. The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies' upperparts have an intricate scallop pattern of rufous-brown and blackish; its underparts are unmarked pale pinkish cinnamon. Subspecies A. g. latrelillii has a deeper rufous cinnamon than the nominate in its vent area and a scalloped breast. A. g. simonsis breast is a darker pinkish cinnamon than the nominate's; it is paler above with finer markings. Juveniles much resemble adults but with somewhat finer markings on their upperparts.

Distribution and habitat
Subspecies A. g. latrelillii of rufous-bellied seedsnipe is found far from the other subspecies, on seven high volcanoes in north-central Ecuador. A. g. simonsi is found from central Peru south through northern Chile and western Bolivia into northwestern Argentina. The nominate A. g. gayi is found from north central Chile and west central Argentina south almost to Tierra del Fuego.

The rufous-bellied seedsnipe inhabits alpine terrain in the Andes, often as high as the snow line. It frequents boggy and other moist areas but also occurs in drier and rockier landscapes. Subspecies A. g. latrelillii is typically found in páramo. In the northern half of its range it mostly is found between 4000 and 5500 m. Further south it occurs down to 2000 m and in the extreme south as low as 1000 m.

Movement
The rufous-bellied seedsnipe is essentially non-migratory, though southern populations are thought to move to lower elevation in the austral winter. It is a strong flier and when flushed flies in a fast zigzag.

Feeding
The rufous-bellied seedsnipe feeds on plant matter, typically in moist areas, but details of its diet are lacking.

Breeding
Little is known about the rufous-bellied seedsnipe's breeding biology. It lays eggs during September and October in Chile; further north the season extends to December. Its nest is a shallow scrape in the ground and the clutch size is typically four eggs.

Vocalization
The rufous-bellied seedsnipe frequently calls when flying and also while running; its call is "a melodic-sounding 'gly-gly-gly...' or 'cul-cul-cul...'" which several birds may make simultaneously.

Status
The IUCN has assessed the rufous-bellied seedsnipe as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It occurs in several protected areas and is considered generally fairly common except in Ecuador. However, it is persecuted in some mining areas.

title: Rufous-bellied seedsnipe


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Melbourne/Freeways and highways

Main articles

 * List of Melbourne highways
 * List of Melbourne freeways

Example articles

 * CityLink
 * Nepean Highway
 * Princes Highway

Information To Include
Suggestions only at this stage. Whenever possible,

 * Start/finish of highway/freeway
 * "M" or Metro number
 * Length of highway/freeway
 * Suburbs travessed
 * What other highway/freeway and main roads link here
 * Interesting places en route
 * If freeway, location of interchanges
 * If freeway, tolled or not
 * General traffic conditions
 * When was it constructed? Who by? How much did it cost? How long did it take?
 * Design features such as bridges or tunnels, sound barriers, artistic features
 * A map if possible


text:
User talk:Mrich

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mrich. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mrich~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:39, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Survey Invite
I'm working on a study of political motivations and how they effect editing. I'd like to ask you to take a survey. The survey should take 5 minutes. Your survey responses will be kept private. Our project is documented at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_%2B_Politics.

Survey Link: http://uchicago.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_80J3UDCpLnKyWTH?Q_DL=2oczE7SODTUnF5j_80J3UDCpLnKyWTH_MLRP_6xlaAyh7fGY6Qhn&Q_CHL=gl

I am asking you to participate in this study because you are a frequent editor of pages on Wikipedia that are of political interest. We would like to learn about your experiences in dealing with editors of different political orientations.

Sincere thanks for your help! Porteclefs (talk) 15:28, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mrich


text:
Road infrastructure in Melbourne

This is a list of highways in Melbourne, Australia. Some of these highways are bona-fide, connecting Melbourne to other towns and settlements, some of which have been later swallowed by Melbourne growth. However others are former streets designated as highways (particularly in VicRoads documentation) to highlight their importance as links between highways and freeways.

Current highways

 * Burwood Highway (State Route 26/C412) (Toorak Road, Monbulk Road)
 * Chandler Highway (State Route 21)
 * Dandenong Valley Highway (State Route 9) (Stud Road, Dandenong–Frankston Road)
 * Docklands Highway (State Routes 30/32/35/50/55) (Francis Street, Whitehall Street, Footscray Road, Wurundjeri Way)
 * Eastern Highway (State Route 46/83) (Alexandra Parade)
 * Greensborough Highway (State Route 46)
 * Maroondah Highway (Whitehorse Road) (State Route 34/B300/B360)
 * Melba Highway (B300)
 * Melton Highway (C754)
 * Moorooduc Highway (C777/C784) (McMahons Road, Frankston–Flinders Road)
 * Mountain Highway (State Route 28)
 * Nepean Highway (State Route 3/B110) (St Kilda Road, Brighton Road, Point Nepean Road)
 * Princes Highway:
 * Princes Highway West (State Routes 8/83) (Geelong Road, Ballarat Road, Smithfield Road, Racecourse Road)
 * Princes Highway East (National Alternative Route 1/C101)
 * South Gippsland Highway (M420)
 * Sydney Road (Hume Highway) (State Route 55)
 * Warburton Highway (B380)
 * Western Highway (State Route 8/M8) (Ballarat Road)
 * Western Port Highway (M780/A780) (Dandenong–Hastings Road)

Named but not signed

 * Highways declared in VicRoads manuals, but not signed accordingly:

 * Bulleen Highway (State Route 52), signed as Bulleen Road
 * Hoddle Highway (State Route 29), signed as Hoddle Street, Punt Road, Barkly Street
 * Plenty Valley Highway (State Routes 21/27/48), signed as Albert Street, Plenty Road
 * State (Bell/Springvale) Highway (State Routes 40/36/47), signed as Bell Street, Banksia Street, Manningham Road, Williamsons Road, Doncaster Road, Mitcham Road, Springvale Road, Edithvale Road
 * State (St Georges) Highway (State Route 45), signed as St Georges Road
 * State (Lower Dandenong/Cheltenham) Highway (State Route 10), signed as Lower Dandenong Road, Cheltenham Road, Foster Street
 * Warrigal Highway (State Route 15), signed as Warrigal Road
 * Yarra Bank Highway (State Route 20), signed as Power Street, City Road, Alexandra Avenue, Olympic Boulevard

Former highways

 * Grieve Highway, renamed Grieve Parade (State Route 39)
 * Monash Highway (State Route 18), name decommissioned upon opening of Monash Freeway, signed as North Road and Wellington Road

title: Road infrastructure in Melbourne