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Sciences Po

Sciences Po or Sciences Po Paris, also known as the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Institut d'études politiques de Paris), is a private and public   research university located in Paris, France, that holds the status of grande école and the legal status of grand établissement. The university's undergraduate program is taught on the Paris campus as well as on the decentralized campuses in Dijon, Le Havre, Menton, Nancy, Poitiers and Reims, each with their own academic program focused on a geopolitical part of the world. While Sciences Po historically specialized in political science, it progressively expanded to other social sciences such as economics, law and sociology.

The school was established in 1872 by Émile Boutmy as the École libre des sciences politiques in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War as a private institution to form a new French elite that would be knowledgeable in political science, law and history. It was a pioneer in the emergence and development of political science as an academic field in France. Following World War II, the school was nationalized and re-established as a public institution. As of 2021, 80% of Sciences Po graduates are employed in the private sector.

Sciences Po Paris is the only Institute of Political Sciences in France allowed to refer to itself with the epithet "Sciences Po" without indicating the name of the city where their headquarters are located, under a legal agreement with the other institutes. They are allowed to use the term "Sciences Po" to refer to themselves only when followed by the names of the cities where they are located, such as "Sciences Po Lille" or "Sciences Po Grenoble".

The institute is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) and CIVICA – The European University of Social Sciences.

1872 to 1945: Free School of Political Sciences
Sciences Po was established in December 1871 as the École libre des sciences politiques (ELSP) by a group of French intellectuals, politicians and businessmen led by Émile Boutmy, including Hippolyte Taine, Ernest Renan, Albert Sorel and Paul Leroy Beaulieu. The creation of the school was in response to widespread fears that the inadequacy of the French political and diplomatic corps would further diminish the country's international stature, as France grappled with a series of crises, including its defeat in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, the demise of Napoleon III's regime, and the upheaval and massacre resulting from the Paris Commune. The founders of the school sought to reform the training of the French political and economic elite by establishing a new "breeding ground where nearly all the major, non-technical state commissioners were trained." His innovative intellectual axis was to teach contemporary history, whereas political elites had only been taught ancient humanities for centuries, which they could still learn in universities at the same time.

The École acquired a major role in France's political system. From 1901 to 1935, 92.5% of entrants to the Grands corps de l'État, the most powerful and prestigious administrative bodies in the French Civil Service, had studied there (this figure includes people who took civil service examination preparatory classes at Sciences Po but did not earn a degree and, in general, students were taking classes there on top of earning a degree at the University of Paris, in particular the Law Faculty).

Other countries created similar schools in the following century. In 1875, the Istituto Cesare Alfieri in Italy (now part of the University of Florence), at the end of the century, the École libre des sciences Politiques et Sociales in Belgium (not existing any more), the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik in Germany, the Columbia School of Political Science (now merged into the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences), the London School of Economics in the United Kingdom, and, after WW1, for the School of Foreign Service from Georgetown University in the United States and the Geneva Graduate Institute.

The connection between Sciences Po and French institutions meant that the school also played a key role in the apparatus of the French colonial empires. In 1886, the university established a colonial studies program with the goal of training students to take on professions in the colonial administration in a way that "propagates [...] a more scientific and international colonialism". Many professors and members of the ELSP administration, such as Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, chair in colonial affairs at ELSP, Joseph Chailley-Bert, Jules Cambon, Charles Jonnart, Auguste Louis Albéric d’Arenberg and Ernest Roume, were also closely linked to or worked directly with the colonial government. The colonial branch of ELSP closed in 1893 after a state-sponsored Colonial School was created in 1889; however positions in the administrations of French colonies and protectorates continued to accept graduates from the ELSP.

1945: Refoundation
Sciences Po underwent significant reforms in the aftermath World War II in 1945. At France's liberation from Nazi occupation, the public servants were accused of collaborating with the Vichy regime and Nazi Germany Communist politicians including Georges Cogniot accused the school to be the "home of collaboration" with Nazi Germany and proposed abolishing the ELSP entirely and founding a new state-run administration college on its premises. The school, however, had also trained eight out of the thirteen ministers of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, and several prominent members of the French Resistance. In order for the school not to be replaced, the director Roger Seydoux, his aid Jacques Chapsal and the school's most famous professor, André Siegfried, excluded those among the school's staff who were most compromised with the Vichy regime and Nazi Germany, and defended the school against accusation of collaboration and built up a communication campaign to save the school.

The choice regarding the future of the school would be made by France's Provisional Government, under Charles de Gaulle. The alumni Michel Debré, Jules Jeanneney and Roger Grégoire decided that the school would be preserved but transformed in a new structure. Two separate legal entities were created: the Institut d'études politiques (English: Institute of political studies) and the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (National Foundation of Political Science) or FNSP. Both were tasked by the French government to ensure "the progress and the spread, both within and outside France, of political science, economics, and sociology". The FNSP, a private foundation, manages the IEP de Paris, owns its buildings and libraries, and determines its budget. The two entities work together in lockstep, however, as the director of the school is, by tradition, also the administrator of FNSP. This institutional arrangement gives Sciences Po a unique status, as the school draws most of its resources through substantial government subsidies to FNSP, but does not subject it to many government interventions and regulations, giving it a much higher level of autonomy compared to other French universities and schools. The epithet Sciences Po is applied to both entities, which inherited the reputation previously vested in ELSP.

The public-private nature of Sciences Po, Paris, also distinguishes it from a network of institutes of political studies throughout the country that were inspired by its curriculum, namely in Strasbourg, Lyon, Aix, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Toulouse, Rennes and Lille. They are not to be confused with the seven campuses of Sciences Po in France.

The government also established in 1945 the École Nationale d'Administration (ENA), an elite postgraduate school for training government officials. From then on, the Grands Corps de l'Etat were obliged to recruit new entrants from ENA. Sciences Po became the school of choice for those hoping to enter the ENA, and so retained its dominant place in educating high-ranking officials.

1945 to 1996: The Chapsal-Gentot-Lancelot era
From 1947 to 1979, Sciences Po is directed by Jacques Chapsal, who replaced his mentor Roger Seydoux and led the school through the Trente Glorieuses expansion as well as the May 68 crisis. Under Chapsal, Sciences Po expands geographically. After the acquisition of the Hôtel de La Meilleraye (56-58, rue des Saints-Pères), just across Sciences Po's lawn, the school bought the hôtel de La Bretesche at number 30, rue Saint-Guillaume, just in front of the main building. In 1976, the Presses de Sciences Po (Sciences Po's publishing company) is created.

In 1956, Sciences Po created its first PhD program. The CEVIPOF, Center for Political Research, is created in 1960.

Between 1952 and 1969, 77.5% of the ENA's graduate student intake were Sciences Po alumni.

FNSP received a significant donations from the Rockefeller Foundation. FNSP published periodicals such as la Revue française de science politique, le Bulletin analytique de documentation, la Chronologie politique africaine, and the Cahiers de la Fondation as well as its seven research centres and main publishing house, Presses de Sciences Po.

1990s to 2012: Diversification and internationalization
Political science professor Alain Lancelot led the school between 1987 and 1997. He prepared for the school's vice-director, Richard Descoings, to become the director of Sciences Po.

Under the directorship of Descoings (1997–2012), the school incorporated courses in various branches of the social sciences on top of political science, such as law, economics, history, and sociology. In addition, the school began requiring all its undergraduate students to spend a year abroad, and introduced a multilingual curriculum in French, English, and other languages. Sciences Po also began to expand outside Paris, establishing regional campuses throughout France.

During this period, Sciences Po also implemented reforms in its admissions process. Previously, Sciences Po recruited its students exclusively on the basis of a competitive examination. This system was seen to favor students from prestigious high schools. In 2001, Sciences Po founded the Equal Opportunity Program, widening its admissions policy. This program enables the institution to recruit high-potential students at partner high schools in more disadvantaged parts of France who, due to a social, academic, and financial constraints, would not otherwise have been able to attend Sciences Po. As a consequence, from 2001 to 2011, the proportion of scholarship students at Sciences Po went from 6 to 27 percent with around 30% of all students at Sciences Po currently receiving some form of scholarship.

The reforms Descoings spearheaded were at times controversial and his leadership style came under heavy criticism. A further report by the French Court of Audit in 2012 severely criticized the financial management of the bonuses and salaries under Descoings.

2013 to 2021: Expansion
After the sudden death of Richard Descoing, Frédéric Mion, was appointed director of Sciences Po on 1 March 2013. Mion's intention to pursue Sciences Po's development as a "selective university of international standing" is detailed in the policy paper "Sciences Po 2022", published in the spring of 2014. The restructuring of Master's study into graduate schools continued with the creation of the School of Public Affairs and the Urban School in 2015 and the School of Management and Innovation in 2016.

In early 2016, Sciences Po updated its governance structure, adopting new statutes for its two constituent bodies: the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (FNSP) and the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (IEP).

In late 2016, Sciences Po acquired a new site, the Hôtel de l'Artillerie in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.

Since 2021: Crises and governance
In 2021, Sciences Po was hit by the Duhamel scandal, mainly put forward by the best-seller book La Familia Grande and newspaper articles from Le Monde and Nouvel Obs, a sexual violence scandal one and a succession crisis. Olivier Duhamel, director of the National Foundation of Sciences Po, who was accused of raping his son, resigned. Frédéric Mion and other members of the board of these institutions resigned.

On 22 November 2021 Mathias Vicherat assumed office as the new director of Sciences Po. He resigned on March 13th, 2024, after being ordered to stand trial on charges of domestic abuse. On March 26, Jean Bassères was named interim director.

In April 2024, Sciences Po became one of the epicenters of French student protests against the Israel–Hamas war.

Campuses
Sciences Po has seven campuses in France, with each specialising in different regions of the globe. Every May, at the end of the academic year, all seven campuses come together for the inter-campus Collegiades de Sciences Po tournament, also known as the MiniCrit. At the tournament, students represent each campus and compete against one another in arts and athletic competitions. Different events include athletic games such as volleyball and football, as well as artistic competitions such as music and dance.

Paris
The Paris campus is spread across several buildings concentrated around the Boulevard Saint-Germain in the 6th and 7th arrondissements. The historic centre of Sciences Po at 27 rue Saint-Guillaume houses the head office and central library since 1879; it is located in a hôtel particulier called Hôtel de Mortemart. It is also home to Sciences Po's two largest teaching halls, the Amphitheatres Émile Boutmy and Jacques Chapsal. Other buildings include:

 * 117, boulevard Saint-Germain: School of Journalism
 * 199, boulevard Saint-Germain: Doctoral School
 * 174 and 224, boulevard Saint-Germain: offices and classrooms
 * 13, rue de l'Université / The René Rémond building: Law School and administrative offices
 * 8, rue Jean-Sébastien-Bach: Urban School
 * 28, rue des Saints-Pères: Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA)
 * 56, rue des Saints-Pères: Language Lab, audiovisual service and a cartography workshop.
 * 56, rue Jacob: Research Center for History (Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po) and International Relations (Centre d'études et de recherches internationales)

The Paris campus enrolls about 3,000 undergraduate students, almost a third of whom are international exchange students.

Sciences Po purchased in 2016 the Hôtel de l’Artillerie, a 17th-century former monastery of 14,000 m2 located 200 meters from its campus on rue Saint-Guillaume, from the French Ministry of Defense and refurbished the building for a total cost of around 200 million euros. The new facility which opened in 2022, hosts 7 graduate schools including School of Public Affairs, Paris School of International Affairs, Law School, Urban School, School of Management and Impact, Journalism School and the School of Research. It is home to the scientific department and the institute of innovation as well as the Sciences Po's Center for Entrepreneurship. It will provide social housing for 50 to 100 students with need-based aid from the State.

Dijon
Located in the region of Burgundy in a 19th-century building, the Dijon campus was created in 2001. The regional specialisation is on the European Union, specifically Central and Eastern Europe, and is taught in French. The elective languages offered are Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Russian and Czech.

Le Havre
Located on the coast of Normandy, Le Havre has hosted the undergraduate Euro-Asian Programme (taught in English) since 2007. The elective languages offered are Chinese, Japanese and Korean, and French as a Foreign Language courses for students without a B1-equivalent level. Students primarily choose to spend their third year abroad in an Asian country.

Menton
Established in the French Riviera city of Menton in 2005, the campus is located in an entirely renovated 19th-century building overlooking the Mediterranean. According to the Sciences Po brochure, the Menton Campus' regional specialisation is on the Middle Eastern and the Mediterranean, and it welcomes 300 students each year. The undergraduate programme is taught through two language tracks (French or English) and several elective languages are offered: Arabic, Turkish, Italian, Spanish, Persian, Hebrew, and French as a Foreign Language for those without a CEFR B1-equivalent level in French. The third mandatory year abroad is spent in the Middle East or elsewhere.

Nancy
Established in the region of Lorraine in 2000, the Nancy campus is located in an 18th century heritage site, the Hôtel des Missions Royales. The curriculum is taught in French, English and German, as its regional specialisation focuses on the European Union and French-German relations. The elective languages offered are German, English, French as a foreign language and also Italian, Spanish, Russian, Swedish or Arabic.

Poitiers
Opened in 2010, the campus is located in the heart of the historic city of Poitiers in the Hôtel Chaboureau, a renovated building dating from the 15th century. The regional specialisation is on Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. The undergraduate programme is conducted mainly in French, with some courses in English and Spanish. The elective languages offered are Spanish and Portuguese.

Reims
The Reims campus opened in September 2010. It is housed in the 17th century College des Jesuits. Despite being the most recent campus, it is the largest of the regional campuses of Sciences Po, with over 1,600 undergraduates. Over half of their students are international. The campus offers two regional specialisations, one on North America (taught in English) and the other on Africa (taught in French). Additionally, through a partnership with the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), the Reims Campus offers a dual degree in social sciences & humanities and life sciences entitled "Environment, Society, Sustainability." The elective languages offered are English, Spanish, German, Italian or Arabic, and French as a foreign language for students who do not have a B1 level of French.

Governance
Sciences Po operates under a dual governance model composed of two entities: the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (FNSP), a private non-profit foundation, and the Institut d’études politiques de Paris or Paris Institute of Political Studies, a public higher education institution. These two bodies constitute Sciences Po, which is the official term used to designate them collectively.

The FNSP is responsible for the strategic direction and administrative and financial management of Sciences Po. It is administered by a board of directors.

The role of the Paris Institute of Political Studies is to ensure teaching, research and library services, like all international research universities. Its governing bodies consist of the Board of Directors, the Student Life and Education Committee and the Academic Board.

The Executive Committee is the institution’s operational steering committee. It brings together the directors of Sciences Po’s various divisions and offices under the authority of the President of Sciences Po. The Executive Committee implements the strategic direction and makes operational decisions on running and managing the institution.

Finances
Sciences Po's own resources have grown significantly. They have been multiplied by six: from €18.3 million in 2000 to €127.2 million in 2018. These resources now account for a majority of the budget.

The school's development under Richard Descoings led it to contract a €68 million debt by 2010. The institution took on a debt of €191 million in 2016 in order to fund the acquisition of its new Paris campus and undertake the restoration of the site. This debt is partially guaranteed by the Paris City Council.

Education
The academic bodies of Sciences Po consist of the Undergraduate College, six professional schools, and the Doctoral School.

Undergraduate level
The Sciences Po Undergraduate College offers a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree with a multidisciplinary foundation in the humanities and social sciences with emphasis on civic, linguistic, artistic, and digital training.

In the first year, students take foundational courses in six disciplines - economics, history, humanities, law, political science, and sociology. In the second year, students choose a multidisciplinary major – Politics & Government, Economics & Societies, or Political Humanities. The third year is spent abroad on an exchange programme with a partner university. In addition, each campus offers a different regional specialisation which anchors students' intellectual objectives, the regions are: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East-Mediterranean, and North America.

Sciences Po offers dual bachelor's degrees with Columbia University, Keio University, University College London, Freie Universität Berlin, University of British Columbia, the University of Sydney, the National University of Singapore, the University of Hong Kong, and the University of California at Berkeley.

The current dean of the Undergraduate College is Stéphanie Balme.

In 2021, 15,284 students applied to the Undergraduate College across all three admissions pathways (the exam procedure, the Equal Opportunity Programme, and the international procedure). 1,630 students were accepted, for an admission rate of 7%. Sciences Po has an acceptance rate of around 10% on Parcoursup (the national admissions platform for higher education) in 2021.

Graduate level
At the graduate level, Sciences Po's seven schools offer one- and two-year Master's programmes and PhD programmes. All graduate programmes are delivered on the Sciences Po campus in Paris. Sciences Po also hosts dual Master's programmes with international partners. Students enrolled in these dual degree programmes spend one year at Sciences Po in Paris and one year at the partner university.

Schools
The Undergraduate College (Collège universitaire) is the home of all undergraduate students. At the graduate level, there are seven professional schools:

 * School of Public Affairs
 * Paris School of International Affairs
 * Sciences Po Law School
 * Urban School
 * School of Management and Innovation
 * Sciences Po Journalism School
 * Doctoral School

The Doctoral School offers Master and PhD programmes in law, economics, history, political science, or sociology. The PhD programme contains roughly 600 doctoral candidates.

Research
Research at Sciences Po covers economics, law, history, sociology and political science, while also taking in interdisciplinary topics such as cities, political ecology, sustainable development, socio-economics and globalization.

Sciences Po is home to a research community that includes over 200 researchers and 350 PhD candidates. In 2015, 32% of the school's budget was devoted to research. That year, 65% of its research publications were in French, 32% in English and 3% in other languages.

The institute has research centers, seven of which are affiliated with France's National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS).

 * Center for Socio-Political Data (CDSP), which provides scientifically validated data for international survey programs. It also supports training in data collection and analysis.
 * Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics (CEE), which focuses on inter-disciplinary European studies; participation, democracy and government; election analyses; the restructuring of the state and public action.
 * Centre for International Studies (CERI), which produces comparative and historical analysis on foreign societies, international relations, and political, social and economic phenomena.
 * Centre for Political Research (CEVIPOF), which investigates political attitudes, behaviour and parties, as well as political thought and the history of ideas.
 * Centre for History (CHSP), whose research focuses on: arts, knowledge and culture; wars, conflicts and violence; states, institutions and societies; the political and cultural history of contemporary France; from local to global; international history and its levels.
 * Centre for the Sociology of Organisations (CSO), which conducts research on the sociology of organisations, sociology of public policy, and economic sociology. It also studies issues related to higher education and research, healthcare, sustainable development, the evolution of firms, and the transformation of the state.
 * Center for Studies in Social Change (OSC), which conducts research on topics such as urban, school and gender inequalities, stratification and social mobility, and ethno-racial or social segregation.
 * Department of Economics, which investigates areas such as labour markets, international economics, political economy, microeconomics and development.
 * Law School, whose research focuses on globalisation, legal cultures and the economics of law. It has also produced work on the theory and history of law, public and private international law and intellectual property.
 * Médialab, which studies the way data generated by new information technologies is produced, circulated and exploited.
 * The Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques (OFCE), which is both a research centre and an independent economic forecasting body. Its stated mission is to "ensure that the fruits of scientific rigour and academic independence serve the public debate about the economy".

In addition to these research units, the institute has recently established three major research programs – the LIEPP, DIME-SHS and MaxPo.

 * The Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire d'Evaluation des Politiques Publiques (LIEPP) analyzes public policy based on qualitative, comparative, and quantitative methods. The laboratory has been selected by an international scientific jury as a "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (Labex) that will be financed for the next ten years by the French government.
 * Données Infrastructures et Méthodes d'Enquête en Sciences Humaines et Sociales (DIME-SHS) aims to collect and disseminate data for use in humanities and social sciences research.
 * The Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies (known as MaxPo), was founded in 2012 in co-operation with the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG). It investigates how individuals, organizations, and nation-states deal with various forms of economic and social instability. It is located at Sciences Po's Paris campus.

Library and publishing
Founded in 1871, the nucleus of the school's research is the Bibliothèque de Sciences Po. The library offers a collection of more than 950,000 titles in the field of social sciences.

In 1982, the Ministry of National Education made the Bibliothèque the Centre for Acquisition and Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of political science, and since 1994, it has been the antenna associated with the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The Bibliothèque de Sciences Po is also the main French partner in the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, which is based at the London School of Economics.

Founded in the 1950s, Presses de Sciences Po is the publishing house of Sciences Po. It publishes academic works related to the social sciences.

Public lectures
Sciences Po organizes public lecture events. Recent guest speakers have included Ban Ki-moon, General David Petraeus, Condoleezza Rice, former President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Eric Schmidt, Joseph Stiglitz, Sheryl Sandberg, Mario Draghi, UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova and Harvard University professor Michael Sandel.

Since 2007 it has organized the Franco-British Dialogue Lecture Series in collaboration with the LSE and the French Embassy in London. The lectures are held every term at the LSE's European Institute.

National rankings
Sciences Po has the highest attractivity rate of the French Institutes of political studies, as 86% of students who were admitted to its undergraduate programs accepted their offer. In 2022, the admission rate of the school was 10% as the undergraduate level, and 5% on the Paris campus. In 2023, French students who joined the school had scored an average of 17.9/20 at the Baccalauréat. 92% of French students admitted to undergraduate programs got their Baccalauréat Summa cum laude ("mention Très bien").

National rankings place the school in first place in sociology, social policy and administration, in second place in development studies and law, and third place in economics.

International rankings
In rankings based on English-speaking publications, in 2023, Sciences Po ranks 2nd globally for the study of Politics in the QS World University Subjects Rankings, whereas it is ranked 39th in social sciences by Times Higher Education. In 2024, its global ranking in the QS World University Rankings decreased to the 319th rank.

Reputation and criticism
Sciences Po has been called France's "leading university in the social sciences". It is considered to be the most prestigious of all of the IEP (Instituts d'études politiques, or Institutes of Political Studies) in France. Sciences Po is widely regarded to be an elite institution due to its selectivity in admissions and its close connections to powerful networks within French society. It has been described as a "school of power" that has inspired schools abroad, such as the London School of Economics. Because of its role in training the French elite, it has been called the "school of domination". According "Le Monde", the school's reputation for excellency and its prestige are such that some freshmen are sometimes "disillusioned" after having "fantasized" about the school.

Because of its role in training the French political, administrative and economic elite, the school has been criticized by far-left critics for the alleged close-mindedness of its students. Peter Gumbel called Sciences Po and other "Grandes Écoles" "elite colleges [which] have become a machine for perpetuating a brilliant but blinkered, often arrogant and frequently incompetent ruling freemasonry". The academic Gilles Devers criticized the institution for being the "base of the conservatism, and the mold of the molluscs that make the public elite" where "dissenting ideas are only admitted if they strengthen the system".

Sciences Po's core curriculum has historically been very transdisciplinary, as the students go through introductory classes to disciplines as diverse as political science, economics, history, law and international relations. This priority given to transversality of knowledge over expertise in one field has been the subject of praise as well as of criticism.

In 2021 Sciences Po was criticized for alleged grade inflation as a means to attract international students.

Duhamel scandal
Camille Kouchner, daughter of Bernard Kouchner, published a book in which she wrote that her step-father Olivier Duhamel, at that time president of the Foundation of Sciences Po which was the "heart of [his] power" for 30 years, sexually abused his step-son for two years during his childhood. Newspapers further unearthed a series of controversial attitudes toward the sexuality of minors. It led to a series of investigations on the environment of Duhamel at Sciences Po and on the way they dealt with these abuses.

The scandal eventually led to a series of resignations under pressure at Sciences Po. Duhamel resigned. While Frédéric Mion initially refused to resign, it later became apparent that he had lied about not having heard the rumors about Duhamel. He resigned.

Following the Duhamel scandal, Sciences Po issued a statement condemning "all forms of sexualized violence" and declaring "its shock and astonishment". It also stated: "The fight against sexual and gender-based violence is at the heart of our institution's core values and actions."

Sexual violence
After Richard Descoing, head of the school from 1997 to 2012, died, it was revealed that he had had sex with students, and made no case of Dominique Strauss-Kahn's habit of "seducing" young students. Descoing was accused of sending sexual messages to students, but no further inquiry was made.

In February 2021, hundreds of students and former students shared on Twitter allegations of rape or sexual abuse at several Instituts d'études politiques, and claimed that despite denunciations of victims, "colleagues and staff [were] unwilling to take their complaints seriously". A hashtag #SciencesPorcs ("Sciences Pigs", similar to the French #Metoo hashtag #Balancetonporcs) has been widely used to do so.

Among many op-eds dealing with the 2021 crisis at Sciences Po, two male alumni published in L'Express an op-ed specific to the sexual violence scandal, stating their disagreement with the "caricature" that is made of Sciences Po, which is allegedly the object of "passions, sometimes irrational ones" in the public "imaginary" because of the elite status they say the institute has; they assured there is no systemic problem regarding sexual violence in Sciences Po. Bénédicte Durand, interim administrator of the school, further told Le Figaro that "no, there is no rape culture in Sciences Po". The school published a report on sexual and sexist violence that was called "abundant but shy".

"Racialism" and social issues
Many students and some members of the French Parliament have expressed concern about the enforcement of "racialism" in Sciences Po.

Financial scandals
Alain Lancelot, director of Sciences Po from 1987 to 1996, was investigated for financial mismanagement by the French Court of Audit.

Under Richard Descoings, its director from 1997 to 2012, the school was hit by a few financial scandals. Descoings had been criticized for offering large sums of money (through salary rise, free accommodation, etc.) to diverse members of staff, including his wife, in spite of the fact that Sciences Po was partly state-funded.

In October 2012, the Court of Audit reprimanded Sciences Po for financial mismanagement, accusing it of opaque remuneration procedures, unwarranted expenses claims and excessive pay rises for managers. The Court noted that the school's complex legal status – a public institute managed by a private trust – had contributed to a dysfunction and waste. It also criticized the French government for increasing state funding for the school without insisting on additional public oversight.

In July 2015, Jean-Claude Casanova, the former president of the Foundation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, the private trust which manages Sciences Po, was fined €1500 for failing to properly consult the Foundation's Administrative Council over budgeting decisions involving public money. The Court of Financial and Budgetary Discipline eventually found Casanova guilty, but gave him a lenient sentence because the procedures had some part of regularity and because it was not customary in Sciences Po to follow all the financial rules.

In February 2016, the Court of Audit noted that reforms had been made, but stated that greater transparency was still needed. Frédéric Mion, the then director of Sciences Po, defended the school's reforms.

Access to the Bar
In 2007, a governmental decree authorized Sciences Po students to pass the Bar exam, providing they take a master's degree in law. This led to academics in universities to label the move as a "coup", fearing that Sciences Po students would crowd out law students from the universities at the bar. According to them, Sciences Po did not offer enough law courses for barristers to have a solid education in law.

In 2009, Sciences Po created its law school, the "École de droit de Sciences Po" ("law school", as opposed in French to a faculté de droit, "faculty of law"), delivering masters (graduate) degrees. In 2008, partly as an answer, Paris II Panthéon-Assas created a collège de droit (undergraduate level) and then an "école de droit" (graduate level) on top of its faculty of law to attract top students in France. A lot of universities followed this model, and created these selective "colleges" or "schools".

Alumni
It has been customary to graduate in Sciences Po in addition to a law school or a grande école in Paris, therefore many of these graduates are also graduates of the latter. Most the alumni network is composed of students who received lectures in Sciences in addition to another studies.

In 2016, the Sciences Po Alumni Association declared that there were 55,000 alumni. Many alumni are notable for their roles in fields such as politics or business.

Politics
Six of the eight presidents of the French Fifth Republic have attended Sciences Po, including Georges Pompidou, François Mitterrand, Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy, François Hollande, and Emmanuel Macron. Alain Poher (who served twice as acting president) was also an alumnus. A number of French politicians who are Sciences Po alumni also graduated from Ecole Nationale d'Administration (ENA), as the Sciences Po degree and its preparatory programmes have shown high admittance rates to the ENA.

In 2017, 14% (81 of the 577) of French members of parliament elected that year were Sciences Po graduates, the most represented institution of higher learning and grande école in the National Assembly.

Some politicians having a role in international organisations were also students at Sciences Po, including Simone Veil, former President of the European Parliament; Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN Secretary General; Pascal Lamy, former Director-General of the World Trade Organisation; Michel Camdessus and Dominique Strauss-Kahn, former presidents of the International Monetary Fund; Jean-Claude Trichet, former President of the European Central Bank; and Marisol Touraine, Chair of Unitaid Executive Board.

Sciences Po is also alma mater to politicians including Władysław Grabski (Prime Minister of Poland 1920, 1923-1925), Habib Bourgiba (Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia 1956-1957 and the first President of the Tunisian Republic 1957-1987), Joseph Ki-Zerbo (Burkinabé advocate for African independence), Mohammad Mosaddegh (Prime Minister of Iran 1951-1953), Pierre Trudeau (Prime Minister of Canada 1968–1979, 1980–1984), Thanat Khoman (Thai Minister of Foreign Affairs 1959-1971 and Deputy Prime Minister 1981-1983) and Salome Zourabichvili (President of Georgia since 2018).

Among the recipients of Sciences Po doctorate honoris causa are Václav Havel (2009), Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2011), Elena Zhemkova (2022), and Angela Merkel (2023).

Diplomacy
Senior French diplomats including Jean-Marcel Jeanneney (France's first Ambassador to Algeria) François Delattre (currently Permanent Representative of France to the UN), Gérard Araud (former ambassador to the USA), Sylvie Bermann (currently ambassador to Russia), Bernard Émié (former Director of the DGSE), Jean-Maurice Ripert (former Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations, Ambassador of France to Russia, and Ambassador of France to China), and Maurice Gourdault-Montagne (ambassador to China) are also alumni.

Other
The writer Marcel Proust, the founder of the modern Olympics Pierre de Coubertin, fashion designer Christian Dior, author Leïla Slimani, author Emmanuel Carrère, Harvard University Professor of political science Stanley Hoffmann, Chinese linguist Ma Jianzhong, Director of Paris Peace Forum Justin Vaïsse, journalist Arthur Dreyfus, researcher, Margaret Maruani, political scientist Tiago C. Peixoto, and former Le Monde editor Jean-Marie Colombani were all graduated from Sciences Po.

Notable staff
Jurist and 1907 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Louis Renault taught international law at Sciences Po from its foundation in 1875 until his death in 1918. Arbitrator Emmanuel Gaillard taught at the Law School until his death.

Economist Jean-Paul Fitoussi taught at Sciences Po from 1982 to 2010. Michel Aglietta and Yann Algan also taught economics there.

The philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist Bruno Latour taught at Sciences Po from 2006 until his death in 2022. Paul Janet also taught philosphy at Sciences Po. Frédéric Gros teaches philosophy at Sciences Po.

The sociologists Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg taught at Sciences Po and founded its sociology department (Center for the Sociology of Organizations).

Pierre Hassner, a French geopolitologist and philosopher, was director emeritus of Research at the Sciences Po Center for International Studies and Research. Pierre Renouvin, a French historian of international relations, taught at Sciences Po from 1938 to 1970. Jean-Baptiste Duroselle taught from 1946 to 1983. More recently, Gilles Kepel taught there starting from 2001.

Jean-Luc Parodi, a French political scientist, worked at the Sciences Po Center of Political Research for the entirety of his career.

Élie Halévy taught history of English political ideas and socialism at Sciences Po from 1896 until his death in 1937. Raoul Girardet started teaching at Sciences Po in 1956. René Rémond taught history starting from 1956. Marc Lazar taught history from 1999 to 2022.

Among French presidents, Raymond Poincaré taught at Sciences Po in the 1900s, as well as Paul Deschanel. Georges Pompidou taught philosophy at Sciences Po starting from the 1950s. Jacques Chirac taught economics in the 1960s. François Hollande was an adjunct lecturer in economics at Sciences Po until 1991. Emmanuel Macron was an adjunct lecturer in philosophy in the mid-2000s. , The Prime minister Raymond Barre taught economics starting from the 1960s.

National foundation of Sciences Po (FNSP)

 * 1945–1959 : André Siegfried
 * 1959–1971 : Pierre Renouvin
 * 1971–1981 : François Goguel
 * 1981–2007 : René Rémond
 * 2007–2016 : Jean-Claude Casanova
 * 2016–2021 : Olivier Duhamel
 * 2021–present : Laurence Bertrand Dorléac

Sciences Po

 * 1872–1906 : Émile Boutmy
 * 1906–1936 : Eugène d'Eichthal
 * 1945–1947 : Roger Seydoux
 * 1947–1979 : Jacques Chapsal
 * 1979–1987 : Michel Gentot
 * 1987–1996: Alain Lancelot
 * 1997–2012: Richard Descoings
 * 2013–2021: Frédéric Mion
 * 2021–2024: Mathias Vicherat

title: Sciences Po


text:
User:J Kikuchi~enwiki

About me: Ahhh it´s hard to say anthing. Let´s try other day.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:J Kikuchi~enwiki


text:
Talk:Xerox

Call centers
Xerox also operates call centers for other companies, possibly through subsidiaries. I personally used to work in a Xerox call center, doing customer service for Verizon. I don't know where or whether this would fit in the article, but I still figured it should at least be mentioned here. → Twentydragon 02:10, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Xerox


text:
Caino

Caino (Brescian: Caì) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy located in the Valle del Garza. It is bounded by other communes of Nave and Lumezzane.

Geography
Caino is distant almost 12 km (7,46 mi) from Brescia. It borders with other five communes: Agnosine, Lumezzane, Nave, Serle and Vallio Terme. It's located in the Valle del Garza, literally translated Garza's Valley. Garza is the stream which passes through the comune, its headwaters are in Lumezzane.

Topography
The comune of Caino is divided into 14 streets (vie in Italian): The city hall is located in Via Villa Mattina, 9. The library in Via Folletto, 2. The sport center in Via Rasile. The Parish with the main church in Via Folletto 7/B.
 * Via Nazionale, the main street which connects Caino with the adjacent communes and which is part of the Strada Provinciale 237;
 * Via Bagnolo;
 * Via Follo;
 * Via San Rocco;
 * Via Grignole;
 * Via Pianzano;
 * Via Villa Sera;
 * Via Fucina;
 * Via Micinigo;
 * Via Don Gino Pirlo;
 * Via Folletto;
 * Via Villa Mattina;
 * Via Rasile;
 * Via Tolzana.

title: Caino


text:
User talk:Jgardner

Welcome
Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia. I hope to see you more often. Be sure to read the Wikipedia:Neutral point of View article for our main absolute and non-negotiable policy. And then check in at the discussion behind each article when you want to make changes. I hope you will come by my user page and ask if you have any questions. Tom - Talk 23:19, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Great to see you again! If you have read the WP:NPOV doc, you are on your way to Wikipedia success. Be sure to read it again it six months or so. You can use ~ ~ ~ ~ four tildes to sign your talk. And you can go to your user preferences to change your signature like to " Tom]] - [[User_talk:Hawstom|Talk ". Tom - Talk 15:25, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Just created Latter Day Saint WikiProject
Thanks for all of your amazing work on the Apostles. I just created a WikiProject under WikiProject Latter Day Saint, and used a script to identify red links—after you added the list of apostles. As the script was running, it appears you've made dozens of articles.

If you every get tired of Apostles, feel free to look over the reports on the Latter Day Saint WikiProject. Thanks. Cool Hand Luke 08:27, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

One more note: please stop moving pages off of their most widely-known name. Typically, wikipedia articles use these names. For example, Thomas Edison, Susan B. Anthony, ect. What I'm saying is: David O. McKay belongs at David O. McKay. Ditto J. Reuben Clark, ect. Cool Hand Luke 08:55, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, and one more thing. Even stubs should have more content then a timeline box. Cool Hand Luke (Communicate!)  04:57, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You moved the pages on the two Joseph Fielding Smiths, but our article on the younger one says that his middle name is usually spelled out, while the elder is usually referred to as just Joseph F. Smith. And this is the way they were titled before. Don't you think this was a better way to distinguish the titles than the years of birth/death? Everyking 13:45, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, bio articles should be at the most commonly used name for a person. I just had to move Howard W. Hunter back to its original title, as it seems clear to me that this is how he is commonly known. Everyking 13:53, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I've just had to move countless LDS bio articles back to their proper titles. Please don't do that anymore. Everyking 14:23, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Apostle Check-in
What Apostle bios do you need help with? I have some time to help. Let me know on my talk page. -Visorstuff 19:59, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I seem to have intruded and/or joined in your efforts on the original twelve - and on into the presidents of the church. Look over recent work on Wilford Woodruff, Lorenzo Snow, Hyrum Smith, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt and Orson Hyde. Some notes and little things on some of the others as well. Comments welcome. WBardwin 04:50, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Just added church service information to your Heber C. Kimball article as well. I decided it was time to remove the stub, as it turned out rather well.  Please look it over.  Comments welcome.  WBardwin 06:29, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. The work has been fun!  Hamer brought up some good points on the Thomas B. Marsh page that I 've been mulling over.  NPOV is hard on religious sites - but the emotion of the times needs to be reflected in LDS articles as well.  So Marsh will probably be edited a little more in the future.  I hope to get to Heber C. Kimball again sometime soon.  WBardwin 20:09, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

I always intended community effort on the apostles and such. WBardwin, Visorstuff, do as much or as little as you like. To tell you the truth I am an amateur and I am learning things about church history I've never known. I really appreciate the work you are doing, and I love your writing style, WBardwin. Jgardner 20:14, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Rename of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Can you please support the rename and requested move to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter=day Saints Requested moves Thx in Adv --Trodel 06:34, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Quorums of Seventy
FYI - I moved the shell to Talk:Quorums of the Seventy, generally wikipedia editors don't like comments in the article space - so I moved it to talk so that it wouldn't get reverted by someone else. :) Thanks for your contributions to the Latter Day Saint movement Wikiproject. Trödel| talk  23:34, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Succession Boxes
I noticed you are editing the succession boxes - I am working on an Template:LDSInfobox that I intend to use on all prophets/apostles - can we coordinate our efforts. I put the new infobox on a few GA's to see if there would be any feedback. See Gordon B. Hinckley, Howard W. Hunter, Ezra Taft Benson, Brigham Young - and I used a subpage on on Joseph Smith, Jr. because he didn't seem to fit the mold of the template. Thx in adv, Trödel| talk 21:31, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

To coordinate our efforts on succession and the Infobox - I proposed to put in which apostle created the vacancy (replacing) and which apostle filled the vacancy caused by the death of this apostle (replaced by). This assumes all 15 (normally) are considered to be part of the 12 since that is where they go when the first presidency is disolved upon the death of the president. I also proposed including who ordained whom to the apostleship and the presidency of the church. I would appreciate your thoughts at LDSInfobox. Trödel| talk 05:05, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Anon Examination and Cleanup
As I was going offline last night I noticed a number of edits by this anon. They worked on "your" date pages as well as on apostles, changing names in some of our succession boxes among other things. Not vandalism, but probably honest work. I do think they misunderstand the succession box's purpose. I left them a note to that effect and hope they follow through, but we might have clean up to do. Please look over these pages, especially "your" date pages, for any errors. Thanks. WBardwin 18:57, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Recent TOP edits by 69.17.114.116:
 * 22:32, 25 May 2005 (hist) (diff) Willard Richards (top)
 * 22:32, 25 May 2005 (hist) (diff) William Smith (Mormonism) (top)
 * 22:29, 25 May 2005 (hist) (diff) 1830s (Mormonism) (→1838) (top)
 * 22:22, 25 May 2005 (hist) (diff) 1840s (Mormonism) (→1846) (top)
 * 21:40, 25 May 2005 (hist) (diff) Quorum of the Seventy (top)

 * Errr.... 69.17.114.116 is myself. I hadn't logged in last night. Oops.

 * OK! Then I won't worry about things for a while.  Thanks anyway.  WBardwin 22:33, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Decades work - thanks
Just came across your decades in Mormonism work. That is great stuff - thanks 205.188.117.74 14:58, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

AFD Alert on decades articles
The series of lists relating to LDS history, much of this laboriously produced by you if I'm not mistaken, is being proposed for deletion. See Articles for deletion/1990s (LDS). I think they have great value. If you see this (I miss you!), your opinions and comments, please. WBardwin 22:23, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

=Sandbox=

This is my sandbox. Please don't touch this part.

Century
NaN

Decade
NaNs

LDS
In your decade/century templates, what does "LDS" stand for?? Georgia guy 18:23, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

LDS stands for Latter-Day Saint(s). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the official name of the Mormon church. --Austinsimcox 16:50, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Decades in Mormonism
Please stop creating pages with no actual content (e.g 1830s (Mormonism)). Note that "any article whose contents consist only of an external link, See also section, book reference, category tag, template tag, or interwiki link" is meant to be speedy deleted on sight by an admin. - SimonP 18:58, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * You have to remember that everything in the article namespace has to be for the benefit of readers, not just editors. A page like 1830s (Mormonism) contains nothing that is helpful for readers. On the contrary having empty articles in the main namespace merely causes confusion and annoyance for people looking for information. As to the article titles, brackets on Wikipedia indicate a disambiguation, which is not what is meant by these pages. Every other timeline (e.g. 1830 in Canada, 1830 in music, 2004 in politics) uses the "#### in ... format". - SimonP 22:40, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

Just a thought - why not create these pages some are objecting to in your personal user space and then move them if they have enough content. Trödel| talk 02:23, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Hypocrisy
Are you still watching the "hypocrisy" page. The anonymous user keeps reverting without discussion. Temtem 17:38, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Titles on LDS pages
I'd like to suggest you change the way you're titling many of your Mormonism-related pages. In particular, as evidenced by the comment above, the parenthetical (LDS) in titles is confusing for many people. May I suggest (Mormonism) or (Latter Day Saints) as alternatives? - dcljr (talk) 07:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've submitted a proposal on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Latter Day Saint movement. - dcljr (talk) 18:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

J. Reuben Clark

 * Thank you for your input on J. Reuben Clark -- looks like we have even more work to do. Trödel and I are at an impass on the issue on the talk page. But we have mutually agreed to delete our dispute from the talk page.  This is particularly appropriate as Trödel discovered the original wordage is a copyright violation, reducing the relevance of the original anon's comments.  As your comments are on record, please look them over and decide if you would like them retained on the page.  I won't disturb them, obviously.  Thanks.  Comments welcome.  WBardwin 00:46, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Picture for Brigham Henry Roberts
"Restricted to noncommercial use". Is this okay? I'm still a bit new to image uploading. Hathawayc 22:48, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Relief Society Presidents, i/e Emma Hale Smith.
Do you think we should do articles/with appropriate succession boxes on the Presidents of the LDS Relief Society? As a Brighamite, I'm unfamiliar with the continuation of the RS organization/function in the other Mormon traditions. How are we handling the apostle boxes when apostles created/supported the other traditions? What do you think? WBardwin 06:42, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I can start on a couple of articles. We have Emma Smith (1) and Eliza R. Snow (2) to start with.  If I'm not mistaken, you are a Brighamite too!  That's what the Missouri Saints - later Reorg/Church of Christ -- (I guess I could use the newly fashionable term in Mormon History "The Prairie Saints") originally called those who followed Brigham Young west.  I don't think the Church of Christ ever used the name Relief Society or formally organized a women's auxilliary.  But I don't know about the other offshoots.  Will look for sources on our noble ladies.  WBardwin 16:45, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I copied the apostles succession box onto the two existing articles for now. Perhaps a redesign later would be appropriate.  WBardwin 17:33, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I think a list of RS Presidents (like the list of apostles) belongs in the Relief Society Article. I have most of the info to hand, although I should double check the dates. Will drop it in. WBardwin 18:01, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Zina D. H. Young, 3rd president, started. Please review if you have time.  WBardwin 19:37, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks, and a question
Hi Jgardner-

Thanks for looking over my edits on the Smoot Hearings page. My random Wikipedia wanderings have brought me to a number of Mormon-related pages tonight, and I see from your user page that you're an LDS member, so I have a question for you. I've read (in a source that seemed somewhat anti-Mormon to me) that the Temple Lot was believed by the first-generation Mormons to have been the site of the Garden of Eden. Do you know if that was or still is church doctrine? If so, I think it would be good to note that on the page. I'm not a Mormon, and I very much hope that this question isn't offensive -- I'm just trying to expand my knowledge and improve Wikipedia! --Jfruh 07:02, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Jgardner --

 * Sorry it took me so long to respond to you -- I'm not religious myself, but I promise I don't think you're a nut :). Thanks for the detail on the Temple Lot.  Right now the Temple Lot page doesn't contain any info on why Joseph Smith chose the spot for a temple, or why the site is important for LDS churches.  I have an urge to add the info, but I don't have the time to do so now; if you feel a similar urge, I encourage you to go ahead!  --Jfruh 05:59, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Smith, Jr.
We came close to an edit conflict a few moments ago -- you reverted while I only corrected one of the new editors changes. The others were spelling corrections. I notice he has been back since, but I don't know if he got them all again. You might look.

You are a brave man to split the article. I suggested it a while back (in archived talk, I think) and people had a lot of differenct ideas. I agree the article's too long, but any type of split might bring comments. Good luck. WBardwin 20:22, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

J, you really are an optimist proposing to remove the NPOV from the prophecy article. I admire your willingness to believe all things are possible. Storm Rider 1 July 2005 23:14 (UTC)

J, thanks for your hard work on the JS Prophet article. I appreciate your dedication. Tom Haws July 5, 2005 23:22 (UTC)

 * In your absence, after a long discussion, the group broke another chunk off Joseph Smith, Jr. Please see the new article: Death of Joseph Smith, Jr.  Hope you come back again soon.  Miss seeing your name on my watch list.  WBardwin 06:38, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Published Works
Thanks for the nice comments. I have been collecting bibliographic references for members of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve for about three years now.

Budiselich 05:20, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Hello, thanks
I can assume that the Bank of Wikipedia, whatever it was, was a kind of complement. I've been off the project for a long time due to stress and disgust about topics unrelated to Mormonism. Pioneer Day kind of inspired me to log in again; my city needs a lot of work. I'll hopefully contribute to some Salt Lake/Utah topics. I'll see you around perhaps, but my focus will be off the church. Incidentally, I think you do good work. Keep it up. Cool Hand Luke  00:38, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Melchizedek

 * Mr. Jgardner: Instead of voicing her concern the SlimVirgin removed link to Dominion of Melchizedek without explanation after she just finished saying that she doesn't know anything about this subject. Can you help with efforts to bring balance to the article about DOM?KAJ 07:17, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

POV Tag on 1830s (Mormonism)
This article was recently tagged for POV. Although the list used common Mormon vocabulary, I found the "tagging" generally an overreaction. I edited the article to remove some Mormon language as well as POV added by the "tagging" editor, moved the POV tag to the talk page for discussion, and left an explanation. You did good work on this one, so please take a look. WBardwin 09:25, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject LDS
Hello! I noticed you were on the list of members in the LDS WikiProject, and I was wondering if you were still interested in helping out there. You see, over the past few months, it appears that it has slowly drifted into inactivity. But you CAN help. Please consider doing both of the following:

 * 1) Take ONE thing form the To-Do list and do it. Once you're done with it, remove it from the list, and from the< >< >, so we know its done. Keep the page on your watchlist. We have a backlog going for more than half a year. Please help to work on it, and remove it.
 * 2) Vote on the LDSCOTF, and work on it!
 * 3) Tell your friends (esp. LDS friends, & esp. Wikipedian friends) about this WikiProject, and enocourage them to join (and be active).

Remember: your involvement in this WikiProject is just that - involvement! Please help us out.

(Note: I'm sending this out to everyone who's name was on the membership list, so I will NOT be watching this page for a response. If you want to contact me, do it on MY talk page, please.)

Thanks for all that you do -Trevdna 15:45, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Also, I peer reviewed James E. Faust. So, go ahead and check it out, and answer the given questions. If there is anything else you want it peer reviewed about, feel free to relist it, but tell what else you want done with it. --Trevdna 02:00, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

LDS help
I'm interested in helping out with the LDS project. Let me know what I can do. (Btw, I also served a mission in Korea. Pusan mission, 1998-2000.) uriah923(talk) 22:31, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

I saw that you are looking for help in writing biographies on the church leaders. I would like to correlate dates and other things. Crocoite 06:48, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

I would also like to help. Please contact me! --Austinsimcox 16:51, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Mitt Romney
J Gardner,

I saw that you have edited this page:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney

This page is the #2 site that comes up when doing a "Mitt Romney" google. In my opinion, it is better than any other Mitt Romney article. However, it is not very comprehensive. I'm trying to make something more like a Mitt Romney book, instead of a Mitt Romney Article. The website is here:

http://myclob.pbwiki.com/

I examine many additional topics, but I want more perspectives than just my own. I would like you to help contribute, if you would like. Just e-mail me at: mike.laub@gmail.com, and I will give you the password!

Until we get more people working on it, I would like to keep the password a secret. I do not have enough time to correct graffiti.

Archibald Gardner
Dear Jonathan: I too am a descendent of Archibald, one of 10,000 in 1992. He is my great gtandfather, with Serena parenting Serenus(Cy) Gardner by grandfather in Spanish Fork, where my father Serenus H. (Rea) was also raised, both going on missions, Cy when my father was one year old in 1892. I'd love to share my father's Mission diary, 1910 to 1912, or his "I walked the Mormon Trail in 1912" PDF article with you. You can see the LDS traditions in which I was nutured, I the youngest of a 11 child family.

Given clues by Mr. Baldwin. I thank you for making significant improvements to Archibald Gardner's life story. However, I would also like to humbly reaquest that you find an appropriate section to replace Archibald's personality, a wonderful public speaker who excelled in story telling, the major entertainment form of his period. In addition, our side of the family was taught to swing an ax, as a sign of manbhood. It seems that the 'swing an ax' and story telling traditions that Archobald held dear have not been passed down in your part of the family (otherwise yoy may not have excised them).

Thank you for considering these requests. Finally, may I add that in certain respects you are thinking outside of the box by marrying a wonderful Korean lady. My wife was born in Mexico. Bertha moved to the USA at age 12 with 13 siblings. Several Mexican traditions have been successfully integrated into our 42 year marriage. Hopefully the same is taking place with respect to the interesting Korean langauge and several of its traditions. Best Regards, Milogardner

ps: pleasse use milogardner@yahoo.com for file sharing or other discussions. My computer is new, adding VISTA, a resource that I will be using.

Template:Century
Hi, I just noticed that a template you created, Template:Century, is unused and appears to be abandoned. I've marked it as deprecated, meaning it'll be deleted in two weeks' time if nobody objects. If there's a reason to keep it please leave a note at Wikipedia talk:Deprecated and orphaned templates and feel free to remove the deprecated tag from the template. Thanks. Bryan Derksen (talk) 09:53, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Also the Template:Year box template. Bryan Derksen (talk) 09:53, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

=Please Contact= Jonathan, I'm also a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in Vancouver, WA. Please contact me at EmailUser/Crocoite -- Crocoite (talk) 10:48, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Church leader articles
Jgardner, I saw your request for help with articles about Church leaders. I'd like to help with that any way I can. Please send me more details on my talk page as soon as is convenient for you. Thank you. --Jgstokes-We can disagree without being disagreeable (talk) 03:42, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Message regarding your use of the No Multi License Template
In case you are not aware, the Wikimedia Foundation has proposed that the copyright licensing terms on the wikis operated by the WMF – including Wikipedia – be changed to include the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) license in addition to the current GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) as allowed by version 1.3 of the GFDL. The community has approved this change with 75.8% in favor, and on June 15, 2009, the change will take effect. You currently have NoMultiLicense on your user or user talk page, which states that your edits are licensed under the GFDL only. On or before June 15, this template will be changed to reflect Wikipedia's new licensing terms. If you accept the licensing change, you do not need to do anything (and feel free to remove this message); if you do not accept it, we regret that you will no longer be able to contribute to the encyclopedia. Please join the discussion at Village pump (policy) if you have any comments.

Delivered by The  Helpful  Bot  at 20:18, 2 June 2009 (UTC) for the Village pump. Report errors here.

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

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Speedy deletion nomination of Template:LDS RS Pres succession box

A tag has been placed on Template:LDS RS Pres succession box requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section T3 of the criteria for speedy deletion because it is a deprecated or orphaned template. After seven days, if it is still unused and the speedy deletion tag has not been removed, the template will be deleted.

If the template is intended to be substituted, please feel free to remove the speedy deletion tag and please consider putting a note on the template's page indicating that it must be substituted so as to avoid any future mistakes.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page's talk page, where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. --ARTEST4ECHO (talk/contribs) 17:59, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of List of prophecies of Joseph Smith for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of prophecies of Joseph Smith is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of prophecies of Joseph Smith until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Brirush (talk) 00:20, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jgardner


text:
Calcinato

Calcinato (Brescian: Calsinàt) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is bounded by other communes of Mazzano, Lonato and Bedizzole.

Twin towns
Calcinato is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Champtoceaux, France

Transport

 * Ponte San Marco-Calcinato railway station

title: Calcinato


text:
Poison Springs Battleground State Park

Poison Springs Battleground State Park is an Arkansas state park located southeast of Bluff City. It commemorates the Battle of Poison Spring in the American Civil War, which was part of the 1864 Camden Expedition, an element of a Union Army initiative to gain control of Shreveport, Louisiana and get a foothold in Texas.

In the battle, which was fought on April 18, 1864, Confederates and Choctaw Indians attacked and overcame a supply wagon of Union soldiers. The term "poison spring" arises from the apocryphal story that Confederate soldiers poisoned nearby springwater. The battle hastened the failure of the Camden expedition, and garnered notoriety for the slaughter of black Union soldiers from Kansas by the Confederate forces, which took no prisoners.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 as Poison Springs State Park, and, with other sites, is part of the Camden Expedition Sites National Historic Landmark. It was declared part of the National Historic Landmark in 1994.

Description and administrative history
The park includes about 85 acre of land. It is located on both sides of Arkansas Highway 76, about 14 mi northwest of Camden in Ouachita County. Highway 76 was constructed along the historic road that was used by the Union supply train when it was roadblocked and attacked by the Confederate force during the battle. The improved portion of the park, with a picnic area and interpretive signs, is located on the north side of the highway.

The battle, however, covered a much larger area, estimated at more than 9000 acre. The surrounding area is in roughly the same condition as it was at the time of the battle. The land that was then under cultivation has since been allowed to revert to forest.

The heavily wooded park features a small interpretive display and a shady trail. Sightings of deer and woodpeckers are common along the trail. The park provides an excellent example of the Gulf Coast forest region, consisting primarily of pine trees, but with some oak and with dogwood understory trees.

title: Poison Springs Battleground State Park


text:
Talk:Ajax the Lesser

Comments
Does it really help to have the standard transliteration, then another that sounds different? I for one would vote to see the actual name in Greek.

Could we have more specific cites? For instance, is the segment about both Aiantes being enemies of Odysseus specifically mentioned in the named passage in the odyssey?

In the Aeneid, (Book I, lines 41-45), Juno gives Minvera credit for killing Aias. Is this just Juno's imagination run wild, as she is not a stable character?
 * It certainly deserves mention in the article. I'll check it out in my Aeneid when I get home from work later on tonight. Fernando Rizo T/C 04:11, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Why did Poseidon kill Ajax?
In the "Mythology" section, it says Poseidon killed Ajax for his arrogant presumptuousness, but in the "Death" section, it suggests that Athena told Poseidon to do it. So was he angry at Ajax or was he just doing what Athena told him to do? I would very much favour the first explanation, since it's unlike Poseidon to get bossed around by Athena. (Huey45 (talk) 02:01, 7 May 2010 (UTC))

Synthesis
This article appears to be a synthesis, which leaves me wondering who is doing the synthesizing. Are we engaged in original research? In truth there are several Ajax-the-Lesser characters. Several works tell stories of such a character. We cannot and should not expect them to be consistent with one another, or give a comprehensible picture of one man. But, while the article does mention several possible endings to the life of Ajax, it seems that elements of this character's life have been assembled from various writings without making it possible to guess which element comes from which work. What is the story of Homer's Ajax? What's the story of Euripides's Ajax? What's the story of Virgil's? Others? Even if each writer was to some extent building upon the works that preceded his, they were also reinventing and reinterpreting. So it's deceptive to try to rationalize them to create a cohesive and continuous picture.

With regards to a comment above: "So was [Poseidon] angry at Ajax or was he just doing what Athena told him to do? I would very much favour the first explanation, since it's unlike Poseidon to get bossed around by Athena." Well, the thing is, one writer might allow Athena to "boss" Poseidon, and another might not. Since there was never a Poseidon, nor an Athena, nor an Ajax the Lesser, it doesn't matter which version we would credit, and it's not for us to reconcile authors who favor different explanations. zadignose (talk) 02:30, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree, it does seem to be combining Ajax the Lesser and Ajax the Greater, especially with the mention of Snake Island. Ajax the Greater's page states nearly identical information about him being buried there and worshipped. Callmehester (talk) 15:10, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

yo change the name
His name was Ajax the Locrian, or Ajax von Locrian or something like that. It just sounds and looks like that in American print.Greek lettering is closer to cursive print. 2601:603:4900:3FB0:AC1F:70DA:8D54:ECCF (talk) 06:30, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

OK I this is bs
I linked the etruscan name to its actual page....and it just came back to this one. wiki is still on basic html God blessed. easiest language in the world. but damn there's a lot of trolls in the forest, folks. 2601:603:4900:3FB0:AC1F:70DA:8D54:ECCF (talk) 06:38, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ajax the Lesser


text:
Calvagese della Riviera

Calvagese della Riviera (Calvages, Calvazés) is one of the 206 municipalities of the Province of Brescia, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. It is some 10 km west of Lake Garda. Its population of 3,522 is divided between the centres of Calvagese itself, Carzago, and Mocasina. Other localities include Belvedere, Ponte Clisi (where there is a bridge across the river Chiese), and Terzago.

The communes which border on Calvagese della Riviera are Polpenazze del Garda, Prevalle, Bedizzole, Padenghe sul Garda, Lonato, Soiano del Lago, and Muscoline.

Main sights
The most important building is the church of San Pietro di Antiochia, which has frescoes dating from the 15th and 16th centuries, and paintings by Girolamo Romanino (a Madonna and Child), Zenon Veronese (Deposition) and other artists of the Venetian school. The church was partially restored during the first half of the 18th century.

Sights in Carzago include the parish church of San Lorenzo, which holds paintings by Gallina and Cossali, and the remains of a medieval castle whose four towers have remained visible to this day.

title: Calvagese della Riviera


text:
User:GaryWilliams

Gary Williams is a Father and a Bioinformatician living in Cambridge, UK

Interests:

Philosophy, Parenthood, Politics, History, Prehistory, Computing, Linguistics, Biology, Genetics Economics, Altruism, Atheism, Gardening, Science Fiction, Terry Pratchett

title: User:GaryWilliams


text:
Calvisano

Calvisano (Brescian: Calvisà) is a comune in the Italian province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

It is the manufacturing base of Lones Spa, manufacturer of Fly Flot shoes. Agritech is a known fiberglass silos company.

Sport
Its rugby union team, Rugby Calvisano, won the national championship five times (2004–2005, 2007–2008, 2011–2012, 2013-14 and 2016–17).

title: Calvisano


text:
Cochrane, Alberta

Cochrane is a town in the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. The town is located 18 km west of the Calgary city limits along Highway 1A. Cochrane is one of the fastest-growing communities in Canada, and with a population of 32,199 in 2021, it is one of the largest towns in Alberta. It is part of Calgary's census metropolitan area and a member community of the Calgary Metropolitan Region Board (CMRB). The town is surrounded by Rocky View County.

History
Cochrane was established in 1881 as the Cochrane Ranche, after Matthew Henry Cochrane, a local rancher. It became a village in 1903 and it had a newspaper and volunteer fire department by 1909. Cochrane incorporated as a town in 1971.

Geography
Cochrane is situated at the base of Big Hill in the Bow River Valley. It sits at an elevation of 1186 m. The town is intersected by Highway 1A and Highway 22. Cochrane has a reputation for its western culture—clearly seen when one wanders the streets (particularly First St). The town is a popular destination for ice cream and coffee in its quaint western-themed stores as well as for windsports, golfing, hiking and other adventure activities.

Cochrane is also a small industrial centre. Major industries include lumber, construction, retail, and agriculture (ranching). It is notable as being one of very few communities in Canada with no business tax.

The hill is also a popular training ground for cyclists from the area, who take advantage of its 7% grade and 3.5 km distance.

Neighbourhoods
The following neighbourhoods are located within Cochrane.

 * Bow Meadows
 * Bow Ridge
 * Cochrane Heights
 * Downtown
 * East End
 * Fireside
 * Glenbow
 * GlenEagles
 * Greystone
 * Heartland
 * Heritage Hills
 * Jumping Pound Ridge
 * Precedence
 * Rivercrest
 * Riversong
 * Riviera
 * Riverview
 * Rolling Range Estates
 * Rolling Trails
 * Southbow Landing
 * South Ridge
 * Sunset Ridge
 * The Willows
 * West Pointe
 * West Terrace
 * West Valley

Sports
The Cochrane Generals are a Junior B Hockey Club based out of Cochrane Alberta Canada. They are members of the South Division In the Heritage Junior Hockey League. They have been playing out of the Original Cochrane Arena from (1984-2001) - (2018–Present)

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Cochrane had a population of 32,199 living in 12,096 of its 12,578 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 25,853. With a land area of 31.58 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The population of the Town of Cochrane according to its 2019 municipal census is 29,277, a change of NaN% from its 2018 municipal census population of 27,960. At its current population, Cochrane is one of the largest towns in the province and is eligible for city status. According to Alberta's Municipal Government Act, a town is eligible for city status when it reaches 10,000 residents.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Cochrane recorded a population of 25,853 living in 9,757 of its 10,225 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 17,580. With a land area of 29.83 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Arts and culture
Cochrane Ranche provided the corral setting for the 1954 National Film Board of Canada documentary Corral, by Colin Low, whose father had worked as a foreman at the ranch. This film played theatrically across Canada and was named Best Documentary at the Venice Film Festival.

Cochrane houses attractions such as Cochrane Ranche Historic Site and Bert Sheppard Stockmen's Foundation Library And Archives, located in the Cochrane Ranchehouse.

Cochrane is home to many annual events each year:
 * Pumpkin lantern festival: October
 * Chamber of Commerce Trade Fair: Early May
 * Canada Day (July 1)
 * Cochrane and Area Events Society, with support from the Town of Cochrane presents the Canada Day Community Celebration: Canada Day (July 1)
 * Labour Day Rodeo & Parade: Labour Day weekend. In 2019 the parade had over 80 floats participate.
 * Terry Fox Run: September
 * Christmas Light-up: Late November

Government
Cochrane has a town council consisting of an elected mayor and six councillors elected at-large. Councillors are elected by the eligible electors by voting for up to six candidates and the six receiving the largest number of votes being elected. The position of deputy mayor is rotated through the councillors over their term. Elections are held on the third Monday in October every fourth year.
 * Municipal politics

As of October 19, 2021, the town council consists of mayor Jeff Genung and Councillors Susan Flowers, Patrick Wilson, Morgan Nagel, Marni Fedeyko, Tara McFadden, Alex Reed.

Cochrane is located within the provincial electoral division of Airdrie-Cochrane. It has been represented in the Alberta Legislature by UCP MLA Peter Guthrie since the 2019 provincial election.
 * Provincial politics

Cochrane is located in the federal electoral district of Banff-Airdrie and is represented by Blake Richards in the House of Commons. He also represented Cochrane from 2008-2015 as the MP for the federal electoral district of Wild Rose. He replaced long standing MP Myron Thompson, who was originally elected as a member of the Reform Party in 1993.
 * Federal politics

Education
Cochrane is home to schools from the public Rocky View School Division No. 41, the separate Calgary Catholic School District, and the Greater Southern Alberta Catholic Francophone Region #4 (CSCFSA).

As of 2022, there were twelve public and separate schools in operation within the town boundaries.
 * Rocky View School Division No. 41
 * Cochrane High School: Grades 9–12
 * Bow Valley High School: Grades 9–12
 * Rancheview School: Kindergarten, Grades 1-8
 * Elizabeth Barret Elementary School: Kindergarten, Grades 1–4
 * Glenbow Elementary School: Kindergarten, Grades 1–4
 * Mitford School: Grades 5-8
 * Manachaban Middle School|Manachaban Middle School Grades 5-8
 * Cochrane Christian Academy: Kindergarten, Grades 1-8
 * Fireside School: Kindergarten, Grades 1-8
 * Calgary Catholic School District
 * Holy Spirit: Kindergarten, Grades 1–6
 * St. Timothy: Grades 7–12
 * Nôtre Dame Des Vallées: Kindergarten, Grades 1–12(French-Catholic school GSACFR#4 or CSCFSA)

In November 2006 the Rocky View School Division accepted a proposal by the Cochrane Christ-Centred Education Society to set up a Protestant Christian education program in Cochrane. The Cochrane Christian Academy opened its doors at Mitford Middle School in September 2007, offering kindergarten to grade 4. Approval for expansion to include grade 5 for the 2008–09 school year was given by the board of trustees in April 2008.

There are two trustees (one from each board) elected to represent Cochrane Schools at their respective boards.

The Greater Southern Alberta Catholic Francophone Region #4 has one trustee for the Region from Cochrane.

Cochrane is also home to the Canadian Southern Baptist Seminary, the flagship seminary of the Canadian National Baptist Convention, the Canadian branch of the largest US Protestant denomination.

Notable people

 * Rohan Campbell, actor
 * Rob Cote, professional football player
 * Justin Dowling, professional ice hockey player
 * George Fox, musician
 * Ethan Gage, professional soccer player
 * Mason Raymond, professional ice hockey player
 * Dillon Dubé, professional ice hockey player
 * Paul Brandt, musician
 * John Hufnagel President And GM of Calgary Stampeders

Transit
On October 7, 2019 the town launched COLT (Cochrane On-Demand Local Transit). An app based local transportation service, described as an "Uber bus system". The transit system, which was chosen due to its significantly lower operating cost compared to traditional route based transit, allows for users to request a ride on demand from one of over 150 stops in the town. COLT has a partnership with On-It regional transit, providing an easy, inexpensive connection between Cochrane and Calgary.

title: Cochrane, Alberta


text: User talk:208.46.43.202

title: User talk:208.46.43.202


text:
Talk:Eric A. Meyer

AfD debate 2004

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was keep. Graham ☺ Talk 01:27, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

First sentence: "Eric A. Meyer has been working on the web since 1990's, and is internationally known as a Cascading Style Sheets guru"

Even though he has written books on CSS, I don't think he's notable enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

Acegikmo1 23:27, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. -JCarriker 23:39, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC) After reviewing points below and doing some of my own research, I have decided to change my vote to Keep. -JCarriker 23:12, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide, 2nd Edition has an Amazon.com sales rank of 1,085, pretty impressive even when you consider that Amazon sales are biassed toward computer and Internet books. The article is way too promotional and needs to be severely toned down. BTW did he actually contribute to the design of CSS? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:58, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, he's not famous enough. Wyllium 03:12, 2004 Oct 9 (UTC)
 * Keep. He's famous enough for me and he's a published author. Just because he's not very widely trumpeted doesn't mean somebody wouldn't want to know about him. KEeeep. Cookiecaper 03:34, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable in his field of expertise.  --Viriditas 06:36, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Notable. Keep. --Slowking Man 07:10, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. He's even noted by Apple.--GroundedZero 10:08, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Certainly notable in his field. Keep. —Rory ☺ 16:37, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. Just north of the notability border. --Improv 19:15, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Notable enough, keep — siro  χ  o  20:39, Oct 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep; notable enough. Posiduck 02:10, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This person's obviously notable — just look at the bibliography, for a start.  Please research the topic a bit before voting to delete a well written article. Factitious 02:14, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think that last comment is fair. Listing something on VfD is calling for a public hearing to find out whether a page should be deleted, and hopefully bring in people who know more about the topic than the person posting the listing. Eric Meyer is not a household word. The article when listed on VfD did look like vanity and/or promotion and was certainly up for discussion. It took about a day before people who really knew who Meyer is weighed in. Up to that it was just vague remarks based on what was actually in the article. Something doesn't have to be proved deletable beyond a reasonable doubt before it is listed on VfD. The purpose of VfD is to find out whether something should be deleted. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 10:43, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a good point, and I take back my comment above. The article as it was then does look pretty questionable, and I agree that there was justification for listing it on VfD.  Acegikmo1, I apologize for wrongly criticizing you about this.  If I'd done some research myself on the history of the page, I would have realized that it wasn't obviously notable before. Factitious 15:38, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * K The very fact that his name turns up repeatedly on the W3C website outside of the mailing lists should be enough.  Chris 00:47, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Cabalamat 21:38, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Further comment

 * I know this has long past, but Eric Meyer is a God amonst web developers. -b 22:19, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Objectivity & Tone
While he has many "fans" (myself included), the title "...internet legend..." which appears with other official titles seems a little much. JosephSzymborski (talk) 20:33, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Eric Meyer be renamed and moved to Eric A. Meyer

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: The result of the move request was: page moved. —Akrabbimtalk 16:21, 11 October 2013 (UTC) —Akrabbimtalk 16:21, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Eric Meyer → Eric A. Meyer – The current Eric Meyer is not the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC topic here. see also discussion on Talk:Eric Meyer (disambiguation). Mdd (talk) 19:09, 3 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed, per my opening comment on the dab talk page. Note that both moves could have been a multi-page move request.Dovid (talk) 19:26, 3 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, I guess your right: Eric Meyer (disambiguation) could/should be moved to Eric Meyer as well. I am sorry I am not that familiar with this kind of move requests. -- Mdd (talk) 21:01, 3 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Support per my previous comment: "The article contents and page view stats don't indicate that there is a primary topic." Tassedethe (talk) 23:47, 3 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Is he frequently referred to with his initial? If not, Eric Meyer (web designer) would be a better title. Despite the usual principle of WP:NATURAL, WP:MIDDLES says "Adding middle names, or their abbreviations, merely for disambiguation purposes (if that format of the name is not commonly used to refer to the person) is not advised." --BDD (talk) 18:49, 10 October 2013 (UTC)
 * According to Amazon, he is credited as author with the middle initial. —Akrabbimtalk 16:21, 11 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Not encyclopedic
"His daughter Rebecca Alison Meyer died on June 7th, 2014 on her 6th birthday, less than a year after her diagnosis of grade 3 (anaplastic) astrocytoma, a brain tumor." - Unfortunately, Wikipedia can never be a proper encyclopedia, because instances like this so frequently happen. I rely on Wikipedia as a great source of information on trivial matters, but it fails for most scholarly issues. I am not trying to minimize anything about the death of Eric Mayer's daughter. But it does not belong in an encyclopedia. 75.165.47.97 (talk) 23:29, 8 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree that the death of his daughter, sad though it is, has little encyclopedic value in itself. But the fact that "all the Web community" (including Mozilla, Apple, Google and Microsoft) voted to have a CSS colour value named after her is highly uncommon. I think this also serves as an indicator of Meyer's standing within that community. So I would suggest this be kept.--MichielN (talk) 16:13, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Eric A. Meyer


text:
Capo di Ponte

Capo di Ponte (Camunian: Co de Pút) is an Italian comune in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. Located 362 m above sea level, Capo di Ponte (en. "Head of Bridge") owes its name to an ancient settlement to the west of a bridge over the River Oglio which leads to a hamlet named Cemmo. The present comune is on the eastern side of the river.

History

There are a number of rock art sites in this part of Val Camonica

Between the 11th and 14th centuries, Capo di Ponte was known as the hamlet of Cemmo—part of the priory of San Salvatore of Tezze.

In 1315 the Imesigo marsh, on the plain between Capo di Ponte and Sellero, was flooded by the River Re.

On 14 October 1336 the Bishop of Brescia, Jacopo de Atti, invested fiefs for a tenth of the rights in the territories of Incudine, Cortenedolo, Mù, Cemmo, Zero, Viviano and Capo di Ponte to Maffeo Giroldo Botelli of Nadro.

In 1698 Father Gregorio Brunelli says that the village of Zero (or Serio), which stood on banks of the River Re, east of the country today, was swept away by a flood.

After the fall of the Republic of Venice the "comune of Capo di Ponte" (1797–1798) was founded, later becoming "comune of Cemmo and Capo di Ponte" (1798 to 1815). Under the Lombardo-Veneto kingdom, the name was again changed to "comune di Capo di Ponte e Cemmo" (1816 to 1859). It has been known as Capo di Ponte since 1859.

Main sights

 * Parish of Saint Martino, rebuilt in the eighteenth century with stone columns in Sarnico. The Soasa is by Beniamino Simoni.
 * Monastery of San Salvatore of Tezze
 * Church of Saint Faustina and Liberata
 * Oratory of St Rocco at Bridge of the seventeenth century.
 * Pieve of Saint Syrus (Cemmo)
 * Rock drawings in Valcamonica
 * National Park of Naquane (stone carvings)
 * Municipal Archaeological Park of Seradina-Bedolina
 * National Archeological Park of Massi di Cemmo

title: Capo di Ponte