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title: User:KeyStroke/Important Wikilinks


text:
User talk:Kjgn

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 21:49, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

i cant englisch

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --Ter e nce Ong 17:22, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Kjgn


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Donald V. Bennett

Donald Vivian Bennett (May 9, 1915 – November 28, 2005) retired as a four-star general from the United States Army in 1974. He attended Michigan State University for two years, but then left to attend, and graduate from, the United States Military Academy in 1940. Bennett then served overseas in World War II in North Africa, Sicily, and in the invasion of the European continent. Bennett received the Distinguished Service Cross as well as two Purple Hearts for his service. He was born in Lakeside, Ohio and retired to Asheville, North Carolina. He entered military service from Ohio.

On 6 June 1944, Lieutenant Colonel Bennett, along with the 62nd Armored Field Artillery Battalion which he commanded, landed with the second wave at 0720 on D-Day. His party was subjected to a tremendous volume of machine gun fire which inflicted 50 percent casualties before they reached the comparative safety of the shingle at the base of the cliff adjoining the beach. Observing that following units were pinned down on the beach, he immediately left his cover and moved about the beach under heavy fire in order to assemble and reorganize the infantry assault companies, four tanks, and an antiaircraft unit.

By redistributing the remaining officers and equipment; by emplacing the .50 caliber machine guns of the antiaircraft unit so as to give close support to the infantry; and by radioing for tank and artillery fire support from the LCTs, he organized a sizable force and, at about 1000 hours, successfully assaulted the ridge. He then continued moving about the beach under intense fire and succeeded in locating a protected place to bring his battalion and move it across the beach. Lieutenant Colonel Bennett, in disregarding his own safety under such heavy enemy fire throughout the day and in his clear thinking, contributed immeasurably to the establishment of the beachhead.

General Bennett recounts his World War II experience in his memoir, Honor Untarnished, published by Tom Doherty Associates, LLC in 2003. He graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1951 and the Army War College in 1955. General Bennett also served as superintendent of the United States Military Academy from 1966 to 1969. He was Commander of VII US Corps from June 1968 until September 1969, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency from September 1969 until August 1972 and Commander of U.S. Forces Korea from September 1972 until July 1973. He retired in 1974 as commanding general of the U.S. Army Pacific Command.

Bennett died on November 28, 2005, at the age of 90 and was buried at the United States Military Academy Cemetery in West Point, New York.

Gen. Bennett was inducted into the inaugural class of the Phi Kappa Tau Hall of Fame at the fraternity's centennial convention in 2006.

title: Donald V. Bennett


text: Template:LaRouche movement

title: Template:LaRouche movement


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Loftus Road

Loftus Road (currently known as MATRADE Loftus Road Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is a football stadium in White City, London, England, which is home to Queens Park Rangers.

In 1981, it became the first stadium in British professional football to have an artificial pitch of Omniturf installed. This remained in use until 1988, after which a natural grass pitch was reintroduced.

Rugby union team London Wasps shared the ground with QPR between 1996 and 2002 and Premier League football club Fulham shared it from 2002 to 2004 while Craven Cottage was closed for reconstruction. AFC Wimbledon started the 2020–2021 season sharing the ground while they waited for their new stadium in Merton to be finished. Other users of the stadium have included the Jamaican and Australian national football teams. In 1985, Barry McGuigan defeated Eusebio Pedroza for the World Boxing Association featherweight championship at the stadium.

On 7 June 2019, the club gifted the naming rights to the stadium to The Kiyan Prince Foundation, a charity set up in honour of former QPR youth player Kiyan Prince, resulting in the stadium becoming known as the Kiyan Prince Foundation Stadium. On 25 May 2022, the club announced that the stadium name would revert to Loftus Road ahead of the 2022–23 season.

On 26 October 2023, the club announced that it had signed a three-year agreement to sell the naming rights of the stadium to MATRADE; thus Loftus Road will be known as the "MATRADE Loftus Road Stadium" until the 2025–26 season.

History
The ground was first used on 11 October 1904 by Shepherd's Bush, an amateur side that was disbanded during the First World War. QPR moved to Loftus Road in 1917, having had their ground at Park Royal commandeered by the army in February 1915. At that time the ground was an open field with a pavilion. One stand from Park Royal was dismantled and re-erected in 1919, forming the Ellerslie Road stand. This stand was the only covered seating in the ground until 1968 and was replaced in 1972. It had a capacity of 2,950.

QPR moved out of Loftus Road at the start of the 1931–32 season, moving to nearby White City Stadium, but after a loss of £7,000, the team moved back for the start of the 1933–34 season. In 1938, a new covered terrace for 6,000 spectators was constructed by a company called Framed Structures Ltd at the Loftus Road end, taking the overall ground capacity up to 30,000. It cost £7,000 (with £1,500 donated by the QPR Supporters Club) and was opened by the Rt Hon Herbert Morrison, the leading Labour MP and future wartime Home Secretary, at the match against Crystal Palace on 29 October. The covered section of the terracing was concreted at that time; the uncovered section was concreted in 1945.

In April 1948, after winning the Third Division (South) championship, the club bought the freehold of the stadium plus 39 houses in Loftus Road and Ellerslie Road for £26,250, financed by a share flotation that raised £30,000. When the club's finances were under pressure in the late 1950s the houses had to be sold. On 5 October 1953 floodlights were used at Loftus Road for the first time for a friendly game against Arsenal. In summer 1966 the original floodlights were replaced by much taller floodlight pylons. In summer 1980 these in turn were replaced with new floodlights.

QPR experimented once again with a move to White City Stadium in the 1962–63 season, but moved back to Loftus Road once more after less than one full season. In the summer of 1968 the South Africa Road stand was constructed at a cost of £150,000 to replace the old open terracing. In 1972 a new stand was completed in Ellerslie Road, replacing the tin-roofed grandstand erected in 1919, and first used in the match against Oxford United on 2 December 1972. The changing rooms and offices were moved to South Africa Road and the television gantry moved in the other direction.

The stadium's highest recorded attendance of 35,353 was in a game against Leeds United on 27 April 1974. The following summer the paddock of the South Africa Road stand was converted from terracing to seating with the installation of 4,600 seats, thus lowering the capacity of the stadium to the 31,002 present for the last home match of the 1975/6 season against Leeds United on 24 April 1976.

During the summer of 1981 an artificial pitch of Omniturf was installed at Loftus Road, the first such surface to be used in British professional football. The surface was not favoured by everyone, with QPR keeper Peter Hucker describing it as "basically a bit of carpet over two feet of concrete", and stated that as a goalkeeper, he strongly disliked diving onto it saying that "I'd have close to third degree burns because the pitch would totally rip the skin off." Rangers lost the first league match played on the new surface 1-2 versus Luton Town on 1 September 1981. During the time that Loftus Road had the Omniturf pitch installed, QPR reached two cup finals and became Second Division champions, something that critics claimed was caused by the advantage the pitch presented, and QPR's home games in the 1984–85 UEFA Cup were played at Arsenal's Highbury Stadium. It was claimed that manager Terry Venables would let opposition teams train on the pitch when it was dry, and then deliberately dampen the pitch so that the ball played differently to what they expected at kick off. It was removed in April 1988 because of football legislation and replaced with grass. There were just three other league stadiums in the whole country with a plastic pitch, and by 1994 all of these had been ripped up. New stands were opened at the School End in the summer of 1980 and one year later at the Loftus Road end. At the same time as the new Loftus Road stand was built executive boxes were installed in the lower tier of the South Africa Road stand and the artificial pitch laid. The stadium capacity at this time was 27,000 and it was one of the most modern and advanced stadiums in Britain having been completely reconstructed over a 13-year period from 1968 to 1981. Between the summer of 1994 and the start of 2022–23 season; Loftus Road ground was an all-seater stadium with the construction of seating in the lower Loftus Road stand. The last match where home spectators were able to watch the match from terracing was on 16 April 1994 against Everton. Standing returned to Loftus Road in 2022 when the club introduced rail seating in the ML, NL & PL blocks in the Lower Loft and the R Block in the Stanley Bowles Stand.

The owning company, also called Loftus Road, of QPR, London Wasps and the stadium itself, went into the red in the late 1990s only a couple of seasons after it was formed in 1996. In 2001, there were concerns that Queens Park Rangers and the stadium would need to be sold separately when the club went into administration. There was interest from commercial buyers and housing developers. A supporter's trust was set up to keep the club at Loftus Road, and to fight the suggested move out of the stadium and to Milton Keynes. One further suggestion was a merger between QPR and fellow London club Wimbledon, with the newly merged club playing at Loftus Road, but this idea was abandoned following the response from supporters. A £1 million payment by QPR's long time local rivals Fulham in 2002 helped to alleviate the financial problems in return for a ground sharing agreement while Craven Cottage was developed.

Loftus Road briefly became home to non-league football club Yeading as they faced Premiership club Newcastle United in the third round of the 2005 FA Cup. The decision was made as Yeading felt that their home stadium could not suitably segregate the fans. Despite holding out for fifty minutes, Yeading went on to lose the match, 2–0.

In a fundraiser for the Grenfell Tower fire, which happened on 14 June 2017, Loftus Road stadium hosted a special match – appropriately named 'Game 4 Grenfell' – for the people who died. Celebrities participating included Olly Murs, Sir Mo Farah and many more. This took place on 2 September 2017.

On 7 June 2019, following nominations and a fan vote from a shortlist, it was announced that Loftus Road Stadium would be renamed the 'Kiyan Prince Foundation Stadium' in honour of the former QPR youth team member Kiyan Prince who was fatally stabbed in 2006.

In December 2021, it was announced that the Ellerslie Road Stand would be renamed the Stanley Bowles Stand. In February 2022 the club announced a fundraising campaign, asking supporters to pay for the planned renaming costs.

Ahead of the 2022–23 season, the club installed just under 1000 rail seats in the ML, NL & PL blocks in the Lower Loft and the R Block in the Stanley Bowles Stand as well as the upper tier of the School End stand used by visiting supporters.

In the summer of 2023 the old "Blue and White Club" bar in the Lower Loftus Road stand was renamed the "Forever Rs bar", after the former players, managers and coaches association that had been created in 2016. The bar contains memorabilia donated by both fans and the club and is used to host talks with former players and other fan related events. It also lists all of the more than 100 former players, managers and coaches inducted to "Forever Rs" since its creation.

The future
Following a number of years of uncertainty about whether the club would expand the capacity of the stadium, or relocate to a new site in the event of a return to the Premier League, chairman Tony Fernandes announced, on 28 November 2011, that the club was investigating the possibility of relocating to a new site in West London in order to build a larger stadium. The current capacity of the stadium is 18,439.

It was not the first time that an owner had suggested moving out of Loftus Road, with director Antonio Caliendo suggesting, in March 2006, a potential site for a new shopping and leisure development near the BBC Television Centre, and then QPR manager, Luigi De Canio, suggesting in 2008 that the team needed to leave the stadium in order to fulfil its ambitions.

In August 2013, QPR started discussions with Hammersmith and Fulham Council about moving into a new stadium, believed to be at Old Oak Common, and soon after, in December, confirmed that they would be leaving Loftus Road for the short move across west London. However, in July 2014, those plans suffered a setback, with the current tenants at Old Oak – Car Giant – suggesting the club's plans were "speculative and presumptuous". The new stadium was planned to be called New Queens Park.

Naming history

 * 1904–2019: Loftus Road Stadium
 * 2019–2022: Kiyan Prince Foundation Stadium
 * 2022–2023: Loftus Road Stadium
 * 2023–present: MATRADE Loftus Road Stadium

Structures and facilities
The stadium has a capacity of 18,439. The four stands are the Loftus Road End (often shortened to The Loft), The Stanley Bowles Stand, Bhatia Stand and the Achilleus Security Stand, the Upper Tier of which is used by away supporters with the lower tier also allocated when demand justifies it.

Because of the size of the stadium, supporters find themselves much closer to the pitch compared to many other stadiums. All four of the modern stands meet with no gaps, giving the overall impression of a tightly enclosed stadium. All the stands have two tiers, with the exception of the Stanley Bowles Stand.

The Bhatia stand, formerly known as the South Africa Road stand, is the biggest of the four stands. It is a two tier stand which includes The Paddocks and contains a row of executive boxes separating The Paddocks and the upper tier. It also houses the dugouts, changing rooms, executive suites, tunnel, club offices, club shop, box office and press conference rooms. The Paddocks area is the cheapest in the ground, whereas the upper tier is the most expensive. The exclusive W12 and C Clubs are located here. The Loft is a two tier stand built in 1981 behind the goal and is traditionally where most members and season ticket holders sit. The lower tier became a Family Stand in the summer of 2012. This is the third most expensive stand to sit in. QPR generally opt to attack this end in the second half because it is believed to be good luck. The police crowd observation box is located in this stand and it is home to the members' bar in the ground, The Blue and White Bar. A new colour scoreboard is located at this end, installed in Summer 2008, on the advertising boards between the upper and lower tiers. As of August 2022 The Lower Loft contains 726 rail seats used for safe standing in Blocks ML, NL and PL.

The Stanley Bowles Stand, formerly known as the Ellerslie Road stand, was rebuilt in 1972. It is a single tiered stand and is the smallest in height, but not in noise and capacity. It is home to the "Q Block" where, along with the Loft's P and R blocks QPR's loudest and most partisan following are located. The R Block contains 237 rail seats so the rowdiest fans can stand during the game. This stand is a favourite of some fans because of the view and atmosphere, and is the second most expensive stand in the stadium. It is also home to the commentary and television camera gantry, and is the only stand whose seat colours are not arranged in blue and white hoops, spelling out "QPR" instead and chants of “captain jack” can be heard echoing around the stadium

At the west end of the stadium is the Achilles Security Stand which has been all seated since 1990 after the Taylor Report. The Upper Tier Has 1,850 seats which are allocated to away supporters for league matches with away teams given the lower tier if demand requires it.

Other uses
Loftus Road was home to professional rugby union team London Wasps from September 1996 to the end of the 2001–02 season, having moved from their home in Sudbury, Middlesex, as part of the deal in which Chris Wright took control of both Wasps and QPR. Wasps won the English Premiership in their first season at Loftus Road. It was part of a 7-year ground share deal negotiated by Chris Wright who had just bought Wasps as rugby union became professional. Wasps agreed to move out, to Wycombe Wanderers' Adams Park ground, at the end of the 2001–02 season to allow Fulham F.C. to rent for 2 seasons between 2002 and 2004, while their ground, Craven Cottage, was redeveloped. It was Fulham's preferred temporary ground, with the other suggested alternative being West Ham's Upton Park. It was open for Wasps to return, but Wasps decided not to move back after Fulham left. It has also been used to host the final of the British Universities and Colleges Sport football tournaments.

The venue has also been used to host boxing in the past, with the most notable bout being between Irishman Barry McGuigan and Panamanian Eusebio Pedroza on 8 June 1985 for the WBA featherweight championship in front of a sold out capacity of 27,000 spectators. The stadium was transformed into a little bit of Ireland for the evening, with the Ireland's Saturday Night on sale, and man dressed as a leprechaun dancing around the ring before the main event. McGuigan knocked the Panamanian down in the 7th round en route to a unanimous decision win: Pedroza was making the nineteenth defense of his title, and Ireland had not had a boxing world champion for 35 years. The band Yes performed at the stadium on 10 May 1975, which was recorded and featured on The Old Grey Whistle Test.

Internationals
Loftus Road hosted two England B internationals. The first was against France B in 1992 with the hosts winning, 2–0, and the other was against Russia-2 in 1998 and won, 4–1.

It was the first 'neutral' venue to capitalise on hosting international friendlies not involving England.

A testimonial match for Simon Barker saw QPR lose to the Jamaica national team by 2–1 in March 1998, with the national team returning to Loftus Road in 2002 to play Nigeria where they lost, 1–0. Israel requested to play their Euro 2004 qualifying match against Cyprus as UEFA had banned Israel from hosting home games on its own territory due to security concerns. The application was rejected as there were already five scheduled matches over the course of thirteen days as it was during the time that QPR were sharing Loftus Road with Fulham. QPR themselves played the Iranian national team in a pre-season friendly on 23 July 2005. On 14 November 2006, Australia drew 1–1 with Ghana in an international friendly at the ground. In 2007 Denmark won, 3–1, against Australia at Loftus Road. In 2008, Australia played another friendly at Loftus Road against South Africa, the match ended 2–2. South Korea won, 2–0, against Ivory Coast at Loftus Road on 3 March 2010.

Loftus Road hosted the 2015 Saudi Super Cup between Al Nassr and Al Hilal, marking the first time that the competition was held outside of Saudi Arabia.

The stadium hosted two rugby league internationals. The first was a 2004 Rugby League Tri-Nations match between Australia and New Zealand on Saturday 23 October 2004 with Australia winning, 32–16. The other was a 2005 Rugby League Tri-Nations match between Great Britain and New Zealand on 29 October 2005 with New Zealand winning, 42–26.

Transport
There are several London Underground stations near the stadium, the closest being White City, which is on the Central line, about five minutes walk away from the stadium. A further two minutes walk away is Wood Lane on the Hammersmith & City line. Shepherd's Bush Market is also on the Hammersmith & City line. Other nearby stations include those at Shepherd's Bush on the Central line, and Shepherd's Bush which operates trains on the London Overground and Southern networks. The Underground stations have on rare occasions been a means for Away teams to arrive, e.g. Coventry City's players arrived via the tube station in 2008 after their coach got stuck in traffic.

A number of London Bus routes run near the stadium. From South Africa Road to the north, the 228 runs in both directions, terminating at Maida Hill and Central Middlesex Hospital. On the same road, the 283 runs through to East Acton, and although it does not stop when running in the other direction on South Africa Road, it does stop on the adjacent Bloemfontein Road. Other buses nearby are the 260, 207 and SL8, each of which run down the Uxbridge Road.

title: Loftus Road


text: Category:180 deaths

title: Category:180 deaths


text: Category:130 births

title: Category:130 births


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Talk:Guy

Geezer
I was under the impression that "geezer" meant "old dude" in American English only. In British English I think it simply means "dude". I think I remember some British talk show host (Ray Cokes?) saying Britain is a place where anyone can say "Oi! Geezer!" to anyone else. — J I P | Talk 2 July 2005 15:45 (UTC)
 * In the UK, it means a man of any age. It is predominently used there by working-class urban people. Qzm (talk) 18:23, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation of Guy as a name
Though "guy" is normally pronounced as a hard G and a long I as the slang term, I've heard one person with the name on television have his name pronounced with a hard G and a long E. I was just wondering; is this how Guy is always pronounced when used as a given name, or just in some cases? --DanMat6288 (talk) 14:23, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It is pronounced in the latter way in the instance of Frenchmen, for example Guy Mollet. Qzm (talk) 18:23, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Guy or Guys for use for females/women
Hello, Why do you keep editing the word Guy to stand for females? The world Guy is slang for man just like Gal is for women. The world Guys is only used on American television which should be stated as such, as any other advanced, modern English speaking country knows this is gender biased. I have never heard a girl/female be reffered to as a Guy. There is even a website that has a downloadable card for people who use "you Guys" in mixed or female only groups to remind them that it is unappropriate http://www.youall.freeservers.com/home.html When's the last time someone said "That guy just got his period" or, that guy has nice boobs"? If Guys is gender neutral or used for females why do all ladies magazines have headlines like "What Guys Really Want" or "How To Get The Guy"? It's very conflicting and confusing and shows the complete lack of logic.—by CG 21:30, 26 June 2010
 * We keep adding the reference to females because it is listed in the dictionary. Quoting the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: A man, a fellow; in pl. also (chiefly N. Amer.), people (of either sex). colloq. (orig. N. Amer.). You can verify this yourself by checking the Compact Oxford dictionary definition here. Also follow the link to the Wiktionary entry from the article page. And yes, as an Australian male, I have heard guys used in casual speech to refer to both genders. I've added "particularly in the USA" to the article because, as both you and the SOED point out, it is chiefly USA usage - but it is still a legitimate inclusion. In any case, our own personal experiences of the word usage is not relevant here - what counts is verifiable sources. Please accept the inclusion of the "particularly in the USA" as a reasonable compromise, and let us cease this edit-warring. Mitch Ames (talk) 02:59, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

Thank you that is quite acceptable - CG 1:28 June 27 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by

 * I'd love to see this page with some sort of link or reference to whether and in what cultures the term(s) refer to males or males and/or females. Can anyone add to the above discussion as to why it doesn't? Seems to be against generally accepted Wikipedia practice not to have a definition of the term linked in its disambiguation page. Pär Larsson (talk) 21:33, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guy


text: Category:130s births

title: Category:130s births


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Talk:Ukiyo-e

IPA can be helpful
I’d like to take up this discussion about whether we should have an IPA for ukiyo-e. The “transcription” we have, /u.ki.yo.e/, is supposed to suggest that the pronunciation should not, in any case, start with as e.g. unit would, but it does not seem to me anything more than a simple syllabification of the term, adding nothing the average reader would understand. Wouldn’t it be better if we restored ? It does not look any much ‘weirder’ than the other and it links to a page where the symbols’ meanings are explained. イヴァン スクルージ 九十八 （会話） 12:14, 9 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Alright, currently being discussed here. [[File:Italy.png]] イヴァン スクルージ 九十八 （会話）[[File:Italy.png]] 09:03, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

Removal of content
I am confused by the attempt to remove so much content,, here and here when this is a featured article, which means it has gone through strident review. Please don't attempt to remove content again without discussion.–CaroleHenson (talk) 18:19, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I wonder if such significant change would result in it's losing its featured article status.–CaroleHenson (talk) 18:20, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I see that your edit summary says A change of that magnitude should really discussed as a merge proposal, rather than going ahead and making such dramatic changes.–CaroleHenson (talk) 18:41, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

 * As it's already a 3RR removal, from a new editor who has done little other than remove chunks of content from existing articles, I'm just a little skeptical as to the virtues of this removal. Apart from the influences on the Impressionists being both significant and widely discussed elsewhere. Nor would that be irrelevant (as claimed) to this article, the source of the influence. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:28, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Agreed - he should take note of WP:3RR! Johnbod (talk) 19:56, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I agree with the above comments. The parts relating to the considerable influence of Ukiyo-e upon Western art are important and should remain in the article. Also, I would not be in favor of merging Ukiyo-e and Japonisme; though one played a role in the other, they are stand alone subjects ... don't really see any harm in some information being duplicated between the two articles. Xenxax (talk) 15:14, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

Printmaking "beauties"
I want to remove the phrase "An actual print shop would not have been staffed by such beauties." from the subsection on print production because it's unnecessary editorializing. women have historically done work outside the home and not all historical depictions of women working are analogous to a pinup girl lounging on a piece of heavy equipment. it is annoying to me as a printmaker and an art history aficionado when an image that may potentially be used as a primary source in and of itself to talk about women making prints, because that is what it depicts, is framed in a way to make sure there is no ambiguity or room for interpretation by the viewer, to make sure the women depicted are to be seen as nothing but fictional "beauties" pretty stand ins for the real artisans who must be somewhere else. I have tried previously to delete this phrase not realizing you have to plead your case for professional and unbiased language on the talk page, and I am not a regular editor, but I am tired of looking at it. 98.247.146.29 (talk) 08:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I've reworded, but if we are going to use the image we need to make it entirely clear that this is a fantasy version (perhaps comic to the original audience). I've linked Katsushika Ōi, one of very few women who actually worked in printmaking at any senior level. Johnbod (talk) 10:01, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

 * while I appreciate the capitulation to the historical fact of named women printmakers existing, and its nice to see a link to an existent article on a notable woman artist, do you perhaps have a contemporary source for the image being "comic or fantasy" ? because, again, what we have is a picture. can a picture not speak for itself? why does the caption have to talk over it specifically to insist tot he reader that the picture is lying to us? also, sorry that I'm speaking only from my formal education, but what we are looking at in the picture itself is not the work of "senior level" artisans but the everyday production workers of a shop, who would have been unlikely to get their name on the prints they made. the article you linked on Katsushika Ōi refers to her as a "production assistant" which says to me that it might not have been so uncommon for women to work, uncredited or not, in a printshop, as they are depicted doing in this picture itself. 98.247.146.29 (talk) 20:43, 10 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I've added a reference, which is in fact even more emphatic than what I put, describing print production as a "world closed to women". Katsushika Ōi worked for her father, and is comparable in this way with European women painters in the Early Modern period, many of whom also worked with family members, in a world where training and working as an artist was otherwise exceptionally difficult for women.  Johnbod (talk) 13:10, 11 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ukiyo-e


text:
User:Methegreat

Articles created

 * 1) Stag Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * 2) Glen Buxton
 * 3) The Planet Smashers
 * 4) Bloody Mother Fucking Asshole
 * 5) Martha Wainwright (album)
 * 6) Micturition syncope
 * 7) The Hot Club of Cowtown
 * 8) Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer
 * 9) Jean-Baptiste Breval
 * 10) Swingin' Stampede
 * 11) Ray Condo
 * 12) Peer Gynt Suites

Articles majorly edited

 * 1) Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * 2) F.A.C.E. School

Categories created

 * Category:The Hot Club of Cowtown albums

title: User:Methegreat


text:
Pat McDonagh (businessman)

Patrick McDonagh (born 1953 (age 54)) is the founder and owner of Supermac's, an Irish fast food franchiser. Originally working as a school teacher, he later became a multi-millionaire.

Personal life
McDonagh is a native of County Galway, where he lives with his wife Una. He was educated at Carmelite College, Moate, County Westmeath, and Mary Immaculate College, Limerick. Trained as a teacher, he worked for a time as a teacher (and later principal) in a national school near Loughrea, County Galway.

He earned the nickname "Supermac" whilst playing Gaelic football for the Carmelite College in Moate. This then became the choice of name for his business, "Supermac's". McDonagh has an interest in sport, and his company has sponsored several sports teams, including sponsoring Galway's football and hurling teams for several decades.

Business ventures
McDonagh founded Supermac's in Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland in 1978 after failing to get planning permission to build a pool hall. He expanded the franchise to over 100 stores across Ireland.

He also owns other business ventures in the food and hospitality industry. Among these are the Claddagh Irish Pubs, an Irish pub-themed chain in the United States, founded in 2001. In 2006 McDonagh bought the franchise rights for Papa John's Pizza in Ireland. As of 2019, there were over 63 Papa John's Pizza outlets throughout the country. In 2014, he established SuperSubs salad and sandwich bars which operate from some Supermac's outlets.

McDonagh's other ventures include travel plazas across Ireland including the Barack Obama Plaza off the M7 at Moneygall, Tipperary Town Plaza (Limerick Road), Mallow N20 Plaza (Limerick Road), Ballyhea (Limerick Road), the Galway Plaza Junction 16 on the M6 and the Charlestown Service Station in County Mayo. He also owns the Killeshin Hotel, Portlaoise and the Charleville Park Hotel, Cork which he purchased after the development of the Loughrea Hotel & Spa, Galway and the Castletroy Park Hotel, Limerick which were bought in 2014 and 2012 respectively. In 2018 he purchased the Athlone Springs hotel.

title: Pat McDonagh (businessman)


text:
O Vicedo

O Vicedo is a municipality located on the extreme northern coast of Galicia, Spain, in the province of Lugo. It belongs to the comarca of A Mariña Occidental.

Etymology
O Vicedo seems to have its base in the Latin word "vitiates". Therefore, it can be translated as "the place where the 'vice' abounds". 'Vice' is an annual legume of the Papilionaceae subfamily that abounds in coastal zones all throughout Europe.

Location
The municipality of O Vicedo is located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It is located in the comarca of A Mariña Occidental, north of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. It is bordered on the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the south by the municipality of Ourol, to the east by Viveiro and to the west by Mañón. Its district covers an area of 75.96 km2.

Orography
The landscape of the O Vicedo municipality is characterized as generally hilly with strong contrasts. The municipality is crossed by two mountain cores that run from south to north. The mountain range of Couteiro, which begin in the municipality with Ourol in the civil parish of Cabanas, reaches its highest point on Mount Padro, close to Vivero border. The other main formation is that of Riobarba with a low altitude. This formation forms a series of mountains.

Coast
On the coast of the municipality of O Videdo there are a total of eight beaches. They have different dimensions and occupations according to their characteristics and the environment where they are located.

Parishes
It is composed of the following "parroquias" or "freguesias" (parishes):

As Negradas, Cabanas, Mosende, San Román do Vale, Santo Estevo do Vale (O Vicedo), Riobarba, Suegos.

In the Middle Age the parishes that now compose all the municipality of O Vicedo belonged to different Lords, and were under their jurisdiction (As Negradas, Galdo, Viveiro, etc.).

With the Constitution of 1812 the first municipalities were created. The territory that now occupies the municipality of O Vicedo was divided into 3 municipalities: As Negradas, Val, and Cabanas.

A new municipal division was defined in 1835 when the present territory of the municipality was distributed to the following councils: Galdo (O Vicedo, Negradas and Vale) and Viveiro (Suegos, Mosende, Riobarba and Cabanas). This division lasted only 5 years and in 1840 the municipality of Riobarba appeared, reflected in the Government report on the Province of Lugo which defined the present parishes. In 1952 the Civil Governor of Lugo moved the municipality capital to O Vicedo.

Government
O Vicedo achieved some national notoriety within Spain during the 1990s when a corruption scandal developed, involving the then mayor Isaac Prado Villapol and other councilors from the Partido Popular (PP).

title: O Vicedo


text:
Nancy Pearl

Nancy Pearl (born January 12, 1945) is an American librarian, best-selling author, literary critic and the former Executive Director of the Washington Center for the Book at Seattle Public Library. Her prolific reading and her knowledge of books and literature first made her locally famous in Seattle, Washington, where she regularly appears on public radio recommending books. She achieved broader fame with Book Lust, her 2003 guide to good reading. Pearl was named 2011 Librarian of the Year by Library Journal. She is also the author of a novel and a memoir.

Life
Nancy Pearl was raised in Detroit, Michigan and, by her own account, spent much time of her childhood at the public library. Her decision to become a librarian started at the age of 10 with the inspiration of the children's librarian at her local public library. She credits books and librarians with helping her through a difficult childhood: "It's not too much of an exaggeration—if it's one at all—to say that reading saved my life." She earned her master's in library science at the University of Michigan (1967) and became a children's librarian in her hometown library system before moving on to other libraries. As a hobby, Pearl wrote poetry as a young woman and in 1980 published a story in Redbook magazine called "The Ride to School."

Pearl moved with her husband, professor Joe Pearl, from Detroit to Oklahoma, where she raised two daughters (Eily Raman and Katie) while earning another master's degree, this one in history. She worked in an independent bookstore, Yorktown Alley, as well as the Tulsa City-County Library System. Craig Buthod, who worked with Pearl in Tulsa before he became the deputy director of the Seattle Public Library, recruited her to come to Seattle in 1993. She originally traveled to Seattle without her husband for four years, until he reached retirement age and joined her. Pearl said the decision to join the library was one of the few times in her life when she instinctively knew she was doing the right thing.

In Seattle, she became something of a local celebrity, founding the pioneering and much-imitated "If All Seattle Read The Same Book" project, encouraging every adult and every adolescent in the city to read the same book at the same time. The project, initially funded by a grant from the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, was subsequently adopted by a number of cities, including Chicago, Buffalo and Rochester. Pearl appeared regularly on KUOW public radio to review and recommend books. While there she first came up with her "Rule of 50" to read a book's first 50 pages before deciding if you were interested enough to finish it or uninterested enough to quit. She later became the executive director of the library system's Washington Center for the Book. She has also taught a readers' advisory course at the University of Washington Information School called "Book Lust 101."

Writing career
Pearl achieved broader fame with Book Lust: Recommended Reading for Every Mood, Moment and Reason (2003), her readers' advisory guide to good reading. More Book Lust (2005), with the same subtitle, received much acclaim ("a sprightly follow-up") and was chosen by the Today Show as one of its book-club selections. In March 2007, Pearl released a book of recommendations for children and teens titled Book Crush.

Pearl is also the author of the novel George & Lizzie and The Writer's Library, co-written with Jeff Schwager, which contains interviews with 23 American authors, including Pulitzer Prize-winners Michael Chabon, Jennifer Egan, Louise Erdrich, Richard Ford, Andrew Sean Greer, Viet Thanh Nguyen, and Donna Tartt.

Editing career
In January 2012, Amazon.com announced that it would publish a number of out-of-print titles recommended by Pearl, in a venture called Book Lust Rediscoveries. Approximately six novels, originally published between 1960 and 2000, will be published each year in various print and electronic formats. For each title, Pearl will provide an introduction, book discussion points and suggestions for further reading.

"Amazon just blew me, my agent – both of us – away with their enthusiasm for doing something so wonderful as resurrecting books that never should have gone out of print in the first place," Pearl said on National Public Radio's Morning Edition. Although 20 traditional publishers had turned down Pearl's proposal for the rediscoveries, Amazon's agreement to re-issue the titles set off an intense negative response.

"I knew the minute I signed the contract that there would be people who would not be happy, but the vehemence surprised me," Pearl told The New York Times in February 2012. "I understand and sympathize with the concerns about Amazon's role in the world of books. If I had to do this deal all over again ... well, it's a hard question. But I would still want these books back in print."

Others applauded Pearl for rescuing beloved, out of print books, including two by American novelist and short-story writer Elizabeth Savage who'd once written "It is very dangerous to get caught without something to read"—a favorite line of Pearl's. Savage's novels, The Last Night at the Ritz and The Girls from the Five Great Valleys, now appear under the Book Lust label.

Recognition and awards
Pearl has had her face on an American Library Association poster and has received numerous awards. Her book reviews appear in The Seattle Times, Booklist, Library Journal, and on the radio on KUOW-FM Seattle, and KWGS Tulsa, Oklahoma.

In 2003 she received an unusual honor when the Seattle-based company Accoutrements created a librarian action figure in her likeness to be sold in their Seattle store, Archie McPhee. Featuring Pearl with a stack of books and a finger to her lips, the doll's "push to shush" action was popular with some librarians and dismaying to others who felt that the doll reinforced librarian stereotypes. Pearl herself said that the shushing aspect of the action figure would determine "which librarians have a sense of humor."

A tribute band called 'The Nancy Pearls' gave their debut bluegrass performance on the Mitchell Library rooftop (Sydney, Australia) on December 17, 2004.

Awards

 * 1997 Open Book Award from the Pacific Northwest Writers Conference
 * 1998 Totem Business and Professional Women's "Woman of Achievement Award"
 * Library Journal ' s Fiction Reviewer of the Year (1998)
 * Allie Beth Martin Award from the Public Library Association (2001)
 * Washington (State) Humanities Award (2003)
 * 2004 Brava Award from Women's University Club in Seattle, recognizing "women of exceptional ability in the greater Seattle area";
 * Louis Shores—Greenwood Publishing Group Award, 2004 for excellence in book reviewing
 * Annual award from the Women's National Book Association (2004–2005)
 * Ontario Library Association Media and Communications Award (2004)
 * 2011 Library Journal Librarian of the Year
 * 2021 National Book Award Literarian Award for Outstanding Service to the American Literary Community (lifetime)

title: Nancy Pearl


text:
Allyn Abbott Young

Allyn Abbott Young (September 19, 1876 – March 7, 1929) was an American economist. He was born into a middle-class family in Kenton, Ohio. He died aged 52 in London, his life cut short by pneumonia during an influenza epidemic. He was then at the height of his intellectual powers and current president of Section F of the British Association. Uniquely, Young had also been president of the American Statistical Association (1917) and the American Economic Association (1925).

Life
As documented in a 1995 biography by Charles Blitch, Young was a brilliant student, graduating from Hiram College in 1892 at the age of sixteen, the youngest graduate on record. After a few years in the printing trade he enrolled in 1898 in the graduate school of the University of Wisconsin where he studied economics under Richard T. Ely and William A. Scott, history under Charles H. Haskins and Frederick Jackson Turner, and statistics under Edward D. Jones. In 1900 he was engaged for a year as an assistant in the United States Bureau of the Census in Washington, D.C., where he established lifelong friendships with Walter F. Willcox, Wesley C. Mitchell and Thomas S. Adams.

Young returned to the University of Wisconsin as instructor in Economics for the 1901–02 academic session and graduated there in 1902 with a doctoral dissertation on Age Statistics. He then embarked on what Blitch has called a peripatetic academic career, beginning with posts at Western Reserve University, 1902–04; Dartmouth, 1904–05; and Wisconsin, 1905–06. He was then head of the economics department at Stanford, 1906–10, followed by a year at Harvard as visitor, 1910–11, and two years at Washington University in St Louis, 1911–13. In 1914, he became one of the inaugural Fellows of the American Statistical Association. From 1913 to 1920 he was professor at Cornell University, but war took him to Washington D.C., in 1917 to direct the Bureau of Statistical Research for the War Trade Board, and to New York in 1918 to head the economics division of a group known as "The Enquiry" under Colonel Edward M. House, the group charged with laying the groundwork for the Paris Peace Conference.

After the war, Young moved to Harvard in 1920 where he stayed until 1927 when he accepted William Beveridge's offer of the chair vacated by Edwin Cannan at the London School of Economics. He remained at the LSE for three years before returning to Harvard. In December 1928 he traveled to the University of Chicago to explain in person why he felt unable to accept their invitation to be chairman of their economics department. It was shortly after his return to London that he succumbed to the fateful influenza epidemic. He was 52 years old.

At the time of his death T. E. Gregory, a colleague at the LSE, wrote that Young had recently "begun work on a systematic treatise on economic theory and had resumed the writing of the work upon monetary theory which he had begun at Harvard." He continued:

 * A passion for thoroughness would drive him on to explore every inch of the field in which he was for the time interested: he was always convinced that economic truth was not the monopoly of a single school or way of thinking, and that the first duty of a teacher and thinker was to see the strong points in every presentation of a point of view. Such an attitude of mind, combined with great personal modesty, made for unsystematic writing: for scattered papers and articles and not for a comprehensive treatise. In many respects he resembled Edgeworth, for whose work he felt a growing admiration; and if Young's work is ever collected, it will be seen that, like Edgeworth's, it amounts in sum to a very considerable and impressive achievement.

In 1971, Nobel Laureate Bertil Ohlin, who attended a course of Young's at Harvard in 1922–23, wrote to Young's biographer:

 * I am inclined to believe that he was a man, who knew and thoroughly understood his subject—economics—better than anyone else I have met. I tested him by means of a question about the "Wicksell effect", i.e. the special aspects of the marginal productivity of capital, which at that time was practically unknown in most countries outside of Scandinavia. He immediately gave a fine account in a five minutes speech before the students. What characterizes Allyn Young as an economist was that he had deep understanding of all fields of economic theory while other economists knew well one third of the theory and had only superficial knowledge of the rest.

Much of his writing was published anonymously and posthumously in encyclopedias, but rescued from oblivion in a volume edited by Perry Mehrling and Roger Sandilands (1999). His best-known single paper was his presidential address to the British Association in September 1928 on "Increasing returns and economic progress". Nicholas Kaldor insisted that this paper had been neglected because it was 50 years ahead of his time, but it has recently enjoyed a revival of interest as an acknowledged forerunner of modern "endogenous growth theory".

Paul Samuelson named Young (along with Harry Gunnison Brown, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Henry Ludwell Moore, Frank Knight, Jacob Viner, and Henry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints in economics" born after 1860.

title: Allyn Abbott Young


text: User talk:129.115.30.15

title: User talk:129.115.30.15


text:
Talk:Soca music

These are my definition of Soca and Calypso
Soca - Soul Calypso( the soul of our African ancestors mixed with the social commentaries of our situation in the Caribbean}. Calypso - Political or social commentary told in a song.

CP.

Eddy Grant made an album called 'Soca Baptist' and claimed in the sleevenotes to have invented the genre. Can anyone explain this to me? Mighty Sparrow is calypso in my book.

NT

There is a recursive defination used. Chutney is based on Soca and Soca is based on Chutney, that does not make sense.

Chirags 23:42, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Recursive, but true. :) Guettarda 02:58, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree. For example, you have songs like "Brotherhood of the Boat" by Brother Mavin which is very Soca-sounding but then has lines where it has Indian influence. But now you have song like [Jep Sting] or [Come Beta]. These have have swung even farther back towards the Eastern Indian music genre. I think one key thing to remember is from my observation Soca undergoes shifts in its sound every 1-2 years. I'd say there's fundamentally some songs every 1-2 years that cause a Paradigm shift. One of the songs I think created a very large paradigm shift that always comes to my mind was Tallpree who brought the whole Jab Jab rhythm more intensely into Soca. With the song about "the Grave, the jail, or the Hospital". That whole Jab Jab rhythm, has a common characteristic of having more driving beat and in the background a sort of pronounced "toottoot-toot---" sound. (Example: ( Badder Than Everybody or Pipe). You can hear it in the first song beginning at roughly 20 seconds into the song, while the second example is 12 seconds into the track. But in both you can hear the horns and driving beat which is the Jab-Jab style riddim. CaribDigita (talk) 15:43, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Soca vs. Soul and Calypso
Soca is not soul and calypso. That fact should be corrected.
 * The article explicitly agrees with you. What would you like corrected? Tuf-Kat 08:12, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it may be useful to address this misconception in the article itself. Based on how http://caribplanet.homestead.com/101_Soca.html presented this, perhaps following the Soca Warriors reference this paragraph (or something like it) could be added: "There is a popular misconception that soca is a fusion of American soul music and traditional calypso. Hence the name "so-ca," soul/calypso. Though this sounds plausible, this interpretation is not correct." Skisby

Soca vs. Chutney
Soca is NOT derived from Chutney. Soca is based upon the roots of Calypso. Chutney is an fusion of Soca and Hindi or Indian music. Chutney was created and mostly performed by those of indian descent(Indo-Trinidadians, Indo-Guyanese, etc).

 * Actually the then Lord Shorty blended Indian rhythms with kasio to give birth to soca. In addition, while soca had a large influence on chutney, chutney has also influenced soca. Guettarda 18:30, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Chutney
Music of India I changed it from "Calypso and music of India" to "Calypso and music of the Indias"...the indias are the caribbean islands, while India is the asian country...and it is Calypso+Chutney, where chutney is caribbean (though inspired in music from India, is not from India) I know chutney was originated by music of India+Caribbean music, but if you want to say a genre was inspired by music of India, it is chutney directly, not soca directly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AFOH (talk • contribs)

 * No, the origins of soca are not chutney, but actual Indian music. In addition, "music of the Indias" does not mean Caribbean music - it quite frankly doesn't mean anything in standard English.  Guettarda 01:27, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

My Two Cents(Sense)
In many ways, Soca is all of those things and more. It is "Soul Calypso"; Calypso infused with American Soul and Blues Music; it is also the fusion of Chutney (Chatné, according to some ) and Afro-Creole tribal-folk dance music (The Bongo, the Bélé and so on). Two other things that must be kept in mind when understanding the origins of Soca is (1) The influence of the other Caribbean Music-forms (2) The influence of New Recording Techniques and Electronic/ELectro-Acoustic Instruments on the Music of Soca —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ishango (talk • contribs).

um
"Trinidad and Tobago has been renowned for its magnificent carnivals,calypso and in this century's only musical invention: the steel pan."

the electric guitar was invented in this century, too. and the theremin. =/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.138.181.84 (talk) 02:13, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

The steel pan was the only non-electronic musical invention of the 20th century. Some people say "only invention" because they take it for granted that electronic instruments were invented in the 20th 190.213.145.92 (talk) 23:49, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

The Past & Present of Soca Music:
When Soca was first created in the '60s by Lord Shorty he mixed two (2) genres of the time. He mixed Calypso and Indian rhythms / Local Chutney music (songs of Sundar Popo). Which was actually the music blending African and Indian roots music. He called this new form of music "SOul CAlypso", but to make it short he called it SOCA.

A lot people are very confused and are thinking that the "Soul" in "Soul Calypso" came from Soul music in the "60s, but it wasn't. Lord Shorty just gave it the title of "Soul Calypso".

The meaning of Soca faded into the early '90s. Some artists were forgetting the actual meaning of Soca. The songs had the beat of Calypso in it but there was no Indian / Chutney rhythm in the songs. And currently, artists are blending Dancehall Reggae, American Soul/R&B, and even some elements of Hip Hop into Soca! The form of Soca of what the artists are calling it is "Ragga Soca" or sometimes just plain SOCA. Some artists are rapping, using "gangster-like" chattings, and sometimes even using cuss words in their songs.

I'm an Indo-Guyanese and I like the new things that are in the Soca music now (including Carnival songs), but the artists need to "bring back the Indian section of SOCA music", because that is what it was a part of.

If you can get chance listen to these few songs and compare it to Soca music of 2007. And try to identify the difference (if you have these songs):

1. "Gimme De Ting" - Lord Kitchener (1984) 2. "Om Shanti Om" - Lord Shorty (1980) 3. "Sugar Bum Bum" - Lord Kitchener (1978) 4. "Curry Tabanca" - Mighty Trini (1987) 5. "Nani Wine" - Crazy (1989) 6. "Sumintra" - Rikki Jai (1988) 7. "Buss Up Shot" - Baron (1985) 8. "Tiney Winey" - Byron Lee (1985 Jamaica) —Preceding unsigned comment added by DJ Rumshopmon (talk • contribs) 16:17, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Some great comments here. I am myself a little dissapointed in this article.  In the past couple years in the Caribbean I have been listening to as much music as I can get my hands on, and the variety is tremendous.  Soca has certainly evolved a lot in a short span.  I certainly agree with the above editors mention of dance hall reggae influence in modern soca.  A lot of modern soca, especially in smaller caribbean nations is more and more relying on electronic music and beats and less on actual musicians.  This is almost a completely different music then soca of only a decade ago.  Some of todays Soca resembles its outside influences far more then it resembles its Calypso roots.  I would love to see this article greatly expanded to cover the variety of music labeled as Soca and greater detail put into its evolution and influences.  I am no soca scholar myself (and personally dislike modern soca, but love more traditional soca) I would love to be able to contribute but dont have the knowledge needed, I highly encourage people like the above editor to jump in and contribute to expand this article. Russeasby 00:13, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

WHAT IS SOCA?

Every Trini has the right to be proud of their country's contribution to calypso music, steel band and carnival!Ultimately, Trinidadians should also be proud of Soca. How did Soca come about is an entirely different question that simple common sense can answer based on a few facts (CSME oblige):Italic text 1. The late great Shorty was the first or among the very first to popularize a particular hit song as a "Soca": Fact! 2. That song contained lyrics in English and Creole: Fact! 3. The singer had prior to this stood in front of the then very popular Exile One band performing at a concert at Dominica's Fort Young Hotel: Fact! 4. That hit song does not have any traces of "soul" music or any "chutney", but is resolutely a combination of calypso and the Creole music created by Exile One called "Cadence-Lypso": Fact! These facts do not however deny another fact that Trinidad is the home of Soca and has been a major contributor to the development of the genre.

 * I would suggest the DVD documentary titled "Calypso @ Dirty Jim's Swizzle Club" ISBN: 1565805127 which talks about the history of Calypso and Trinidadian music as it changed from Kaiso and so on to Calypso and now Soca. It talks about the first calypso song which was about Conga Barra, who was an African in Trinidad that was jailed for singing a Kaiso asking for freedom for the slaves.  CaribDigita (talk) 21:30, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

"Lord Shorty was disillusioned with the genre by the 1980s because soca was being used to express courtships and sexual interests. Like all things related to sexual freedom, it was embraced because of its ability to reflect the desires of a society that was sexually repressed. Soca music became an expression of sexuality through metaphors in the West Indies. Soon after, Shorty moved to the Piparo forest, converted to the Rastafari movement and changed his name to Ras Shorty I. There he created a fusion of reggae and gospel music called jamoo (Jah music) in the late 1980s."

As far as I can tell, this whole thing needs to be reworked. Firstly, it doesn't make sense saying that "Lord Shorty" got dissatisfied with soca and THEN moved to Piparo. He either moved first, or changed his attitude first, and considering the type of music he made before, we need context for why he did that. Secondly, anyone who knows the Jamoo CDs that Ras made and the music that his children sing now will be aware of the fact that Ras, despite his name and his hairstyle, became a CHRISTIAN. Jamoo CDs sell in gospel stores, his music is about Jesus Christ, and he used to appear at gospel concerts. Why would Jamoo be part gospel if he was a Rasta? Thirdly, I think the small rant about sexual repression is NOT objective. Even if it is true, the way it appears in there it seems like Ras was part of the repression problem which is unacceptable. The man had his views and didn't force them on anyone. Fourthly, CALYPSO music was an expression of sexuality through metaphor long before soca even existed. Soca just updated that expression for the current generation. 190.213.145.92 (talk) 00:01, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

All true just saying thanks guys love my Trinidad and Tobago and my pan and soca Rawle 55 (talk) 00:21, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

A list of 24/7 soca music genre radio station.
Could we piece together a list of the 24/7 radio stations that play soca music?

In Boston we have:
 * (unknown) 99.7 FM (some soca)
 * Big City 101.3 FM
 * Choice 102.9 FM.
 * WAVE 103.7 FM (some soca)

NYC: I know WLIB is gone(long time) from New York City, so what else currently exists there for soca formatted radio? ] CaribDigita (talk) 00:41, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
 * One Caribbean Radio 97.9 HD2 [http://www.onecaribbeanradio.com/

Which is it?
from the Lord Shorty article: "Ou petit" (a calypso and cadence mix), which is considered the first recorded soca piece. and from the soca article: Soca is said to have been created in 1963 (see 1963 in music) by Ras Shorty I's "Clock and Dagger"  so which one is correct? --96.237.112.153 (talk) 07:02, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

A side note
This article is full of excellent information and was obviously written by those who love the genre, but the grammar and syntax is quite poor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2606:6000:6242:2800:A9FB:2B9D:BDD:2FBF (talk) 13:29, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Missing artists
Am missing Dutch/Surinam singer Lobo's 1982 hit single "Soca Calypso Party" as well as the international smash hit "Follow the Leader" from Suriname based The Soca Boys in 1998. 83.85.143.141 (talk) 20:33, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soca music


text:
Shadow Raiders

Shadow Raiders is a Canadian animated television series produced by Mainframe Entertainment and syndicated by The Summit Media Group, that aired from September 16, 1998, to June 23, 1999. The show was loosely based on the Trendmasters toy line, War Planets. The original character designs were created by ReBoot designer, Brendan McCarthy. The series focused on the four warring planets of a solar system called the Cluster as they were forced to set aside their differences and form a coalition against the menace of the Beast Planet.

Plot
Shadow Raiders is set in a five-planet star system known as the Cluster. The four inhabited planets are in a constant state of war, always raiding one another for resources unique to each planet. However, when an alien named Tekla comes from another solar system, she brings a warning: the Beast Planet is coming. Now Graveheart, a humble miner of Planet Rock, must convince the leaders of Fire, Rock, Bone, and Ice to put aside their differences and stand together against the Beast, their new common enemy.

The story begins as Tekla's homeworld of Planet Tek is consumed by the Beast Planet. She and her robotic companion, Voxx, escape to the Cluster through a Beast jump portal to warn them of the impending danger. Tekla is pursued by Beast drones and crash-lands on Planet Ice, where she is rescued by Graveheart. The drones subsequently attack and slaughter the combined forces of Rock and Ice in the area, leaving only Tekla, Graveheart, and Ice King Cryos. The threat convinces Cryos and Graveheart to form an alliance of the Cluster worlds against the Beast Planet.

The first season revolves around the efforts of Graveheart, who has become the de facto leader of the Alliance, to convince the leaders of the other Cluster worlds to join the Alliance. The first planet they visit is his home planet, Planet Rock, but Lord Mantel stubbornly refuses to ally himself with the other worlds after Rock's Battle Moons repel a Beast attack. Graveheart's friend and captain of the Royal Guard, Jade, joins him to help rally planets Fire and Bone to his cause. Fire and Bone join the Alliance.

The Beast forces are tracked to the dead world of Remora, converted into a fortress by the Beast drones. An attack by the combined forces of Ice, Fire, and Bone, with some timely intervention by Rock's Battle Moons, sees the destruction of Remora. However, this only serves to anger the Beast Planet, which emerges from within the Cluster's star and proves its superiority by destroying one of the Battle Moons with a single blast from halfway across the system. It then unleashes its wrath upon the nearest planet; Fire.

The second season focuses on the Alliance's efforts to avoid the unstoppable Beast Planet. Each world in the Cluster is discovered to be equipped with "World Engines", massive drive systems which can propel the planets through space. Using these, the worlds of the Cluster flee the Beast; Fire's engine is damaged and the planet is thus sacrificed in a futile attempt to stop the Beast. Fire's population is moved to the remaining Battle Moons, now down to three following the battle to save Fire. On their journey, they discover Planet Sand, which joins the Alliance, and Planet Jungle, which the Alliance blows up when the Beast tries to consume it; this, too, proves useless. The plants of Jungle live on as a single cutting which is given to Emperor Femur of Bone.

The finale introduces the Prison Planet, a teleport world used as a penal colony. Graveheart and Cryos are captured by a faction of convicts led by Jewelia, a devious woman who takes a liking to Graveheart. Femur and Jade are taken by a second faction commanded by Sternum, Femur's nobler brother, from whom Femur stole the throne of Planet Bone. Convinced that their friends have been slain by the other faction, the two pairs join the fight on the side of their respective faction until the truth is revealed. Meanwhile, Lord Mantel takes control of the Alliance by force, convinced that his forces are superior to the Beast. His arrogance nearly dooms the Alliance and costs Mantel his life when Blokk invades Rock and kills him in single combat. As the Beast Planet is about to consume Planet Rock, the Prison Planet teleports into its path. Graveheart and his group use Sternum's Telepod to travel to Rock. Sternum then teleports the Prison Planet out of the system, taking the Beast Planet with it. Alliance members mistakenly think that Beast Planet would have been destroyed during the teleportation. A final battle between Graveheart and Blokk results in Blokk's demise, Jade's rise to ruler of Planet Rock, and the Alliance's new era of peace. However, the story ends with a scene in a distant part of the galaxy, moments before the destruction of Planet Reptizar at the hands of the Beast Planet.

Although the show ended after its second season, a proposed third would have answered major questions, like the origin of the Beast Planet.

Setting
The main setting of Shadow Raiders is the Cluster, a series of four interdependent worlds. The four main planets – Fire, Rock, Bone, and Ice – have warred for as long as any of them can remember over their natural resources: Fire produces energy, Rock produces metals and minerals, Bone produces food, and Ice produces water, and all four worlds depend on each other to survive.

A large part of the series mythology in the second season is the World Engines, a propulsion system built into the planets of the Cluster (and presumably many other worlds, since two different planets in different solar systems have them) by an ancient alien race. Using five mountain-sized energy thrusters which emerge from the planet's surface, the World Engines can propel a planet through space at great speeds. A combination of an atmospheric shield and artificial gravity generators keep the sudden shift in orbit and lack of a star from killing everyone on the surface. The Prison Planet has a variation known as Teleport Engines, which teleport the world to different locations in space instantly. The same artificial gravity and atmospheric shielding technology is used to protect the inhabitants. Each set of engines is located at the core of its world and can be reached using Telepods, small platforms on the surface of each world. The Telepods send the user to the core of the planet where they can use the computer to move the planet. The Telepods can also be used to move people from one planet to another.

The World Engines are equipped with sensors capable of detecting – but not acting upon – threats to the planet. The AI is able to recommend a course of action, and does not appear to require clearance of any sort, responding to any voice commands given. The Telepod technology was reverse-engineered by Tekla to create a force field generator so anyone can physically fight a Null Matter being without disintegrating on contact.

Cast

 * Donna Yamamoto as Tekla
 * Paul Dobson as Graveheart
 * Mark Oliver as King Cryos
 * Enuka Okuma as Jade
 * Matt Hill as Prince Pyrus
 * Scott McNeil as Pelvus and Blokk
 * Jim Byrnes as Grand Vizier
 * Garry Chalk as Emperor Femur
 * Tasha Simms as Lamprey
 * Blu Mankuma as Lord Mantle
 * Tegan Moss as Lady Zera
 * Janyse Jaud as Jewelia
 * Ellen Kennedy as Zuma
 * John Payne as Sternum

War Planets toy line
The Shadow Raiders series was based on the War Planets toys from Trendmasters. Toys of Planets Ice, Fire, Bone, Rock, Sand, Tek, Water, Reptizar, Remora, the Beast Planet, several Battle Moons and Beast, Bone and Ice Tanks were created. The series is not strictly set around the toys since more worlds than just Rock have Battle Moons. Several toys were brought out that were based on the Shadow Raiders series but they were either figures of the main characters or ships.

Cancellation
The series had originally been planned to produce three seasons with 40 episodes in total. But despite favorable ratings of the season two's initial broadcasting, the toy line sales were unacceptable in the program's production country, prompting the series cancellation due to the program's sole existence as the toy line's promotion, eliminating any possibility of the third season's production.

Home releases
The entire series was released on DVD by ADV Films in the year 2000. The series was spread over six volumes. Bonus features on the DVDs included data files on the characters, animation turnarounds, and a series trailer, featuring original animation not seen in the series. Much like fellow Mainframe Entertainment series ReBoot, the North American DVDs are long out of print and rare, though tend to fetch substantially less than other Mainframe DVDs.

Both complete seasons are available in two sets in the United Kingdom. Eight volumes were released in Germany (English + German audio) and six volumes were released in Russia, both also containing all 26 episodes.

title: Shadow Raiders


text:
Licinius Macer

Gaius Licinius Macer (died 66BC) was a Roman annalist and politician.

Life
A member of the ancient plebeian clan Licinia, he was tribune in 73BC. Sallust mentions him agitating for the people's rights. He became praetor in 68BC, but in 66BC Cicero succeeded in convicting him of bribery and extortion, upon which Macer committed suicide.

Work
Macer wrote a history of Rome, in 16 books. The work is now lost, but from Livy and Dionysius who both used it, we know that it began with the founding of the city, and that Pyrrhus appeared in Book II. Livy casts doubt on Macer's reliability, suggesting that he misrepresented events in order to glorify the Licinii, but notes that he quotes original sources such as the Linen Rolls. According to Macrobius, he credited Romulus with the introduction of intercalation to the Roman calendar.

title: Licinius Macer


text:
Tobu Railway

The Tobu Railway Company, Ltd. (東武鉄道株式会社) is a Japanese commuter railway and keiretsu holding company in the Greater Tokyo Area as well as an intercity and regional operator in the Kantō region. Excluding the Japan Railways Group companies, Tobu's 463.3 km rail system is the second longest in Japan after Kintetsu. It serves large portions of Saitama Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture, as well as northern Tokyo and western Chiba Prefecture. The Tobu Railway Company is listed in the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.

The Tobu corporate group is also engaged in road transportation (bus/taxi), real estate, and retail. It is the owner of the Tokyo Skytree, the third tallest tower in the world. The company is a member of the Fuyo Group keiretsu.

The name "Tobu" is formed from the kanji for east (東) and Musashi (武蔵), the initial area served.

History
Tobu is one of the oldest railway companies in Japan. It was established in November 1897 and began operation between Kita-Senju and Kuki in August 1899. The Tojo Railway was founded in 1911 as a separate company, but shared its president and head office with Tobu. In 1905, Nezu Kaichirō became the president of Tobu Railway and successfully helped to grow the company to one of the largest private rail operators in the Kanto region.

In 1924, Tobu began operating its first electric train on the Isesaki Line between Asakusa (later Narihirabashi, today Tokyo Skytree Station) and Nishiarai.

Tobu was the first railway in the Kanto region to adopt quadruple tracks, on the Kita-Senju to Takenotsuka sector in 1974. The Tobu Dobutsu Koen (Tobu Animal Park) opened in 1981.

Railway network
Tobu has two isolated networks which are connected by the Chichibu Railway for ferrying of its rolling stock.

The Tobu Main Line network has a tree topology starting at Asakusa in Tokyo, with the Isesaki Line as the trunk, and the Tobu Kameido Line, Daishi Line, Tobu Urban Park Line, Tobu Sano Line, Koizumi Line, Tōbu Kiryū Line, and Nikkō Line forming the branches, with further branches into the Tobu Utsunomiya Line and Tobu Kinugawa Lines. It offers surcharged, seat-reserved limited express services from Tokyo to Nikkō and Kinugawa.

The Tojo Line runs northwest from Ikebukuro in Tokyo to central and western Saitama Prefecture. A branch, the Ogose Line, runs to Ogose from Sakado.

Tobu's terminals in Tokyo are at Asakusa (Main Line express services), Oshiage (most other Main Line services) and Ikebukuro (Tojo Line). The Skytree and Isesaki Lines interoperate with the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line and the Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line to serve central, southwestern Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture, while the Tojo Line interoperates with the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line, Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line, Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minatomirai Line to serve central and southwest Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.

Rolling stock
, Tobu Railway operates a fleet of 1,890 electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles, the third largest fleet for a private railway operator in Japan after Tokyo Metro (2,728 vehicles) and Kintetsu (1,905).

Express EMUs

 * 300/350 series EMU (introduced 1991, 300 series variant operated until 2017)
 * 200/250 series EMU Ryōmō (introduced 1991)
 * 100 series EMU Spacia (introduced 1990)
 * 634 series EMU Skytree Train (introduced 2012)
 * 500 series 3-car EMUs (introduced in April 2017)

Eight new three-car 500 series EMU trains were introduced on limited express services on lines from Asakusa on 21 April 2017.

Commuter EMUs

 * 8000 series EMU (introduced 1963)
 * 800/850 series EMU
 * 9000 series EMU (introduced 1981)
 * 10000 series EMU (introduced 1983)
 * 20000 series EMU (introduced 1988)
 * 30000 series EMU (introduced 1996)
 * 50000 series EMU (introduced 2005)
 * 60000 series EMU (introduced June 2013)
 * 70000 series EMU (since 7 July 2017)

Steam locomotive
Tobu plans to operate steam-hauled tourist services on the Kinugawa Line from 10 August 2017 using JNR Class C11 steam locomotive C11 207 loaned from JR Hokkaido together with JNR Class DE10 diesel locomotive DE10 1099 purchased from JR East, a fleet of six 12 and 14 series coaches purchased from JR Shikoku, and two Yo 8000 brake vans purchased from JR Freight and JR East.

Express EMUs

 * 1700/1720 series
 * 1800 series
 * 5700 series
 * 6000 series
 * 6050 series

Commuter EMUs

 * 2000 series
 * 3000 series
 * 5000 series (1979–2006)
 * 7300 series
 * 7800 series

DMUs

 * KiHa 2000 series

Steam locomotives

 * Tobu B1 Class 4-4-0 (1898)

title: Tobu Railway


text:
Bannerghatta National Park

Bannerghatta National Park is a national park in India, located near Bangalore, Karnataka. It was founded in 1970 and declared as a national park in 1974. In 2002, a small portion of the park became a zoological garden, the Bannerghatta Biological Park.

There are ancient temples in the park for worship and it is a destination for trekking and hiking. Within the national park area are six rural villages enclosed within three large enclosures for sheep and cattle farming. This park offers a wide range of diverse wildlife to the explorers. Coming from the finest of Bengaluru, Karnataka, this park offers a guided bus tour all along the 6 km safari roads, which is specially made for safaris and foreign tourist gatherers.

Between 1995 and 2021, the dry deciduous forests in the National Park shrunk approximately by 44% due to uncontrolled diversion of forest land for agricultural purpose, urbanisation, etc

Geography
The 65,127.5 acre (260.51 km2 ) national park is located about 22 km south of Bangalore in the hills of the Anekal range with an elevation of 1245 - 1634m. The park has a hilly terrain of granite sheets under moist deciduous forest valleys and scrubland on higher areas. Sixteen villages border the park. Most of the national park consists of artificial forest, and some animals have been introduced. The park is part of a wildlife corridor for elephants which connects the BR Hills and the Sathyamangalam forest. The park is contiguous with Talli reserve forest in the southeast and Bilikal forest in the south.

Water sources
The park's rainfall is 700 mm per year. The Suvarnamukhi stream runs through the national park. On 15 May 2014, four bore wells were opened to provide water in dry times.

Flora
Flora in the park include:

 * Narcissus latifolia
 * Schleichera oleosa
 * Terminalia tomentosa
 * Sandalwood
 * Neem
 * T. arjuna
 * Grewia tilaefolia
 * Santalum album
 * Tamarind
 * Bamboo
 * Eucalyptus
 * Bauhinia purpurea
 * Samanea saman
 * Peltphorum pterocarpum

Fauna from other countries
 * Indian elephants
 * gaur
 * Indian leopard
 * jackal
 * fox
 * sloth bear
 * Indian gazelle
 * spotted deer
 * barking deer
 * common langur
 * bonnet macaque
 * porcupine
 * hare
 * wild boar
 * pangolin
 * Royal Bengal tiger
 * slender loris
 * monitor lizard
 * cobras
 * python
 * Russell's viper
 * krait
 * peacock
 * crocodile
 * Asiatic lion
 * Flamingo
 * Nilgai
 * Blackbuck
 * Pelican
 * Indian wolf
 * Striped hyena
 * Himalayan black bear
 * Giraffe
 * Hamadryas baboon

One hundred and one species of birds have been recorded in the park. The fauna pose some risk to humans. In August 2012, a man was trampled to death by an elephant. Occasionally, animals leave the reserve, coming into contact with humans. For example, elephants have been sighted on the Bantamweight-Anekal road which passes close to the park. In 2007, a leopard and her cubs entered a local school.

Illegal mining around Bannerghatta national park
The park is threatened by multiple granite quarries operating around the national park. These quarries are located alarmingly close to critical elephant corridors inside the national park such as Kardikal - Madeswara corridor. While there is ban on mining and granite quarrying around the national park within a radius of One km from the boundary demarcated as "Safe Zone", quarries operate unabatedly. Vehicular movement is also uncontrolled. Tremors from the explosives used in the quarry operations are felt across a radius of at least five km adversely affecting elephants and other wild animals.

In Popular Culture
Bannerghatta, A 2021 Malayalam language movie released on Amazon Prime, Title of the film is based on the Bannerghatta National park.

title: Bannerghatta National Park


text:
Time bomb

A time bomb (or a timebomb, time-bomb) is a bomb whose detonation is triggered by a timer. The use or attempted use of time bombs has been for various purposes including insurance fraud, terrorism, assassination, sabotage and warfare. They are a frequent plot device in thriller and action films as they offer a way of imparting a dramatic sense of urgency.

Construction
The explosive charge is the main component of any bomb, and makes up most of the size and weight of it. It is the damaging element of the bomb (along with any fragments or shrapnel the explosion might produce with its container or neighboring objects). The explosive charge is detonated by a detonator.

A time bomb's timing mechanism may be professionally manufactured either separately or as part of the device, or it may be improvised from an ordinary household timer such as a wind-up alarm clock, wrist watch, digital kitchen timer, or notebook computer. The timer can be programmed to count up or count down (usually the latter; as the bomb detonates when the time runs out).

Types
Types of time bombs include:
 * Delay-action bomb (bombs dropped by aircraft with a delay to increase damage/disruption)
 * Improvised explosive device ("home-made" bombs with a delay to allow the person placing the bomb to escape)
 * Limpet mine (attached to enemy ships by naval divers)

title: Time bomb


text:
Angelo Poffo

Angelo John Poffo (April 10, 1925 – March 4, 2010) was an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter. He ran International Championship Wrestling for a number of years, holding cards in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Arkansas. He was the father of "Macho Man" Randy Savage and "The Genius" Lanny Poffo and the father-in-law of Miss Elizabeth.

Early life, family and education
Poffo was born in Downers Grove, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago) to Italian immigrants. At the time of beginning first grade, he spoke no English.

Poffo enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II. He served as a pharmacist's mate at the Naval Base San Diego. While in the Navy, Poffo began weight training. On July 4, 1945, he set a world record for sit-ups. He completed 6,033 sit-ups in four hours and ten minutes. According to his son Lanny, after 6,000 sit-ups he did 33 more, one for each year of Jesus's life.

After leaving the Navy, Poffo attended DePaul University and was a catcher for the DePaul Blue Demons baseball team. He studied physical education and was a competitive chess player.

Professional wrestling career
Poffo started wrestling in 1948 at Karl Pojello's gym in Illinois. His first match was in 1949 against Ruffy Silverstein. He sometimes wrestled as "the Masked Miser" (an in-joke about Poffo's real life extreme frugality with money) and managed other wrestlers as "the Miser". He became a villainous character for the first time in 1950. In the mid-1950s, Bronco Lubich acted as his manager. He won the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) in 1958.

He formed a villainous tag team with Chris Markoff called "The Devil's Duo" in 1966, and they were managed by Bobby "The Brain" Heenan. Prior to that, in 1964 he briefly teamed with Nicoli Volkoff (often confused with Nikolai Volkoff, who did not begin wrestling in the US until 1970) and held the WWA tag team championship. In 1973, he formed the team "The Graduates" with Ken Dillinger.

Poffo wrestled in the 1970s and 1980s under a mask as the "Carpet Bagger" for Emile Dupree's Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. He also bought into the promotion, when his sons were old enough to join. He wrestled wearing a yellow mask with a dollar sign on the forehead and a blue sequined ring jacket with a big dollar sign on the back. In addition, Poffo ran International Championship Wrestling from 1979 to 1983 in Kentucky.

According to Poffo's son Lanny, Vince McMahon declined to include Poffo in a 1987 World Wrestling Federation event featuring legends. Lanny Poffo claims that this decision caused an early rift in the relationship between McMahon and Poffo's other son, Randy Savage. His last match was in 1991 against Luis Martinez.

He made a few appearances in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1995 managing his son, Randy Savage. At Slamboree 1995, Poffo became involved in his son's feud with Ric Flair, who put him in a figure four leglock. At the event, he was inducted into the WCW Hall of Fame as a member of the class of 1995.

Personal life
During Poffo's time in college, he met another student at DePaul, Judith (Judy) nee Sverdlin from Naperville, Illinois; they wed on June 6, 1949. They were married for more than 60 years, and together they had two sons, Randy (1952–2011) and Lanny (1954–2023), both professional wrestlers. After retiring from professional wrestling, Poffo taught physical education in Illinois. His son Randy would also do things for him and his wife Judy, sending them on trips to Japan and Europe and Israel until they told him they were too tired to travel. On Angelo's 70th birthday in 1995, Randy paid $50,000 to buy his father a yellow Cadillac automobile, the same car the elder Poffo had purchased in 1959 and drove around the wrestling circuit for 200,000 miles. When Angelo was sick, Randy installed an invalid toilet and walk-in bathtub in his parents' home. He was also known for saving money to help provide his family.

On March 4, 2010, Poffo died in his sleep at age 84. His son Randy told the Tampa Bay Times, “I have always been proud to call Angelo Poffo my father, he is a great example of a self-sacrificing, hard-working man who always put his family first. He has always been my hero and my mentor, and the priceless gifts he gave I will have and cherish forever.”

Poffo is buried at Queen of Heaven Catholic Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois, near his hometown of Downers Grove.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling
 * AGPW North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) with Cuban Assassin
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Other honoree (1996)
 * Fred Kohler Enterprises
 * NWA Midwest Heavyweight Championship (7 times)
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (1 time)
 * NWA Midwest Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bronco Lubich
 * International Championship Wrestling
 * ICW Television Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Detroit
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Detroit version) (1 time) – with Lanny Poffo
 * Southwest Sports, Inc.
 * NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bronco Lubich
 * World Championship Wrestling
 * WCW Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)
 * World Wrestling Association
 * WWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Chris Markoff (2), Nicoli Volkoff (1)

title: Angelo Poffo


text:
Kerry Group

Kerry Group plc is a public food company headquartered in Ireland. It is quoted on the Dublin ISEQ and London stock exchanges.

Given the company's origins in the co-operative movement, farmer-suppliers of the company retain a significant interest in the company.

History
Kerry was founded in 1972 in Listowel, County Kerry as a private company (North Kerry Milk Products) with three shareholders – state-owned Dairy Disposal Company (42.5%), a federation of eight small farmer co-operatives in Kerry (42.5%) and Erie Casein Company Inc. from the US (15%).

In 1986, a significant milestone in the formation of the public limited company involved the Group acquiring the undertaking, property and assets of Kerry Co-operative Creameries and as a consideration 90 million ordinary shares in Kerry Group plc being issued to the Co-op. It floated on the Irish Stock Exchange at a price of 52p per share.

Kerry Group has a long history of acquisitions. In 1982, the company acquired pork manufacturer Duffy Meats and Henry Denny & Sons. In 1988, it acquired Beatreme Food Ingredients, a division of the Beatrice Corporation for $130m. In 2000, it acquired Shade Foods Inc, a US sweet ingredients provider for US$80 million, Armor Foods, a savory flavorings company for US$35 million and Solnuts, a provider of value-added soy-based nutritional ingredients.

In March 2004, the company bought the Quest Food Ingredients Group, a food ingredients business, for US$440 million. Then in August 2005, the company acquired Noon Products, a supplier of Indian and Thai ready meals, for £124m.

In September 2012, the company acquired Cargill Flavor Systems, a manufacturer of food flavouring, for $230 million.

In February 2015, the company acquired Rollover, a supplier of hot dogs. Then in October 2015, the company acquired Red Arrow Products, Island Oasis and Wellmune, three businesses in the US taste and nutrition sector, for US$735 million.

In June 2021, Pilgrim's Pride agreed to buy Kerry Group's consumer foods in the meat and meals business. In June 2021, Kerry Group also agreed to acquire Niacet for the value of €853 million.

In July 2021, the company acquired Biosearch Life, a biotechnology company focused on the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food sectors.

In February 2022, Kerry Group announced two acquisitions: c-LEcta, a biotechnology company, and Enmex, a Mexican based enzyme manufacturer.

In April 2022, Kerry Group acquired Natreon, Inc, a US based supplier of branded Ayurvedic botanical ingredients.

In August 2022, Kerry Group acquired the B2B powdered cheese business and related assets of The Kraft Heinz Company for consideration of $107.5 million.

In January 2023, IRCA, Advent International’s portfolio company, agreed to buy Kerry Group’s Sweet Ingredients Portfolio for €500 million.

Operations
Headquartered in Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, the Group employs over 23,000 people in its manufacturing, sales and technical centres worldwide. Kerry's global Technology Centre is in Naas, County Kildare and employs 800 people. Kerry supplies over 18,000 foods, food ingredients and flavour products to customers in more than 140 countries. Kerry is a member of the European Flavour Association.

Business structure
The Group operates across two business:

 * Taste & Nutrition
 * Kerry Dairy Ireland

Brands
Brands include:

 * Big Train
 * Island Oasis
 * DaVinci Gourmet
 * Golden Dipt
 * Ravifruit

Rankings
In 2021, Kerry was on the list of Industry Outlook's Top 10 Food Additive Manufacturers, in addition to being ranked second on the Top 20 Global Food Preservative Companies list by FoodTalks, a Chinese food media platform.

title: Kerry Group


text: Category:Friuli-Venezia Giulia

title: Category:Friuli-Venezia Giulia