text:
Portal talk:Current events/April 2005

This is the discussion/talk page for: Portal:Current events/April 2005. See also: How the Current events page works. For instructions on how to archive Current events at the start of a new month, see: How to archive Current Events.

Previous discussions:
 * General Archives:
 * Old: 1 | 2 | 3
 * 2004: 4 (Apr 26) | 5  (Jul 26) | 6 (Jul 26) | 7 (Aug 19) | 8 (Aug 19) | 9 (Oct 1) | 10 (Nov 29)
 * 2005: 11 (Mar 21)
 * Vote on tense (archived)
 * Setting the context
 * Too much analysis
 * Ongoing events (various)

How to edit days
09-Jan-2008: The edit-buttons might not work at each day (some highly complex, peculiar article formats have been garbled). However, each day in April 2005 really is a WP article of the form:
 * Article name: April_1,_2005
 * Proposed name: Portal:Current events/2005_April_1

Refer to each day, using those article names. I didn't create this design, just trying to help others work with it. -Wikid77 (talk) 16:18, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Format
09-Jan-2008: The format of this article had been a tall column wrapped as 8 words-per-line, but was changed at some point to wrap as 16 words-per-line (at 800x600 resolution screen size), reducing page length by 40% (making page seem half as long). -Wikid77 (talk) 16:18, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Related topics

 * [ See: Talk:Current events. -Wikid77 ]

=Topics from 2005=

Ridvan ?
When is Ridvan ? The article says it begins at sunset on March 20. On Current events, under 'Upcoming holidays', it's April 21. At least one of these two dates is wrong ??? -- 09:47, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * FYI: User: Dremo fixed the Ridvan page a few days ago. Accordingly, Ridvan begins on April 21. -- PFHLai 02:38, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Picture
Added a Picture to the April 11th. Added it as a Thumbnail. Should It stay, or go.. what do you all think ? --Irishpunktom\talk 23:27, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * It should go. I don't think that images should be on the current events page. Leave them for the article proper. TimothyPilgrim 11:48, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Why not.. do you think it's too messy? --195.7.55.146 15:29, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe so. I like the text-only approach for the current events page. If I want more, I'll got to WikiNews. I'm not saying that images aren't nice, but it's also nice to have just text. TimothyPilgrim 17:54, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I concur. No pictures on Current events at all, or the page will rather cluttered in a flash. The pictures we could add here (like those we add in Template:Itn) generally aren't informative, just decorative. Also, keep im mind that with the navigation box on the left-hand side, folks with narrower or windows or smaller display sizes will only see a cluttered mess. I've removed the pics for now. For those who are interested in comparing and/or continuing the discussion, the version before I removed the pics looked like this. -- Seth Ilys 20:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, thats a consensus then. I just thought I'd try it. --195.7.55.146 09:11, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Having just seen this discussion (and noting that 2 people v 1 person does not a consensus make), I would beg to differ. Some piccis are ok. Probably no more than 1 a day, perhaps 1 every other day, otherwise it really will get cluttered. But every article can be enhanced by a useful picci, and this one is no exception, jguk 19:36, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thinking about it further - why not restrict it to piccis taken by WPians and released by them into the Public Domain? That would encourage beneficial expansion of Wikipedia, without risking us getting bombarded with lots and lots of pics (and the edit wars that could create), jguk 19:42, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't object to a picture per-se, but every case where someone has, to date, added one has turned into a layout catastrophe. Left aligned thumbnails totally break the format. Right aligned ones should work in theory, but in practice seem to get muddled up with >edit< markers or to make the page flow very badly.  We should insist that they be included by means of a specific template (say template:current_events_thumbnail) which we've spent some considerable effort to validate works okay on a full range of browsers (floaty CSS is far from consistent), page-widths, and on a collection of some of our archived current events. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 19:54, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If we're counting, then I object to pictures on current anything events pages. I pointed Jguk here after he added a photo to Current sports events, which I removed (and he reinstated). In this particular instance I object to the picture both on layout grounds and on suitability (IMHO a photo of a, frankly not very important, university cricket match is setting the threshold very low). -- Avaragado 09:30, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please, write clearer
Please, write like that : * United States, Washington : 2 people were running after a dog. * UN, Beijing : Bush declare than everyone is free to run if he want, and added " That's good for health ". that's a better way for everybody ;)Yug 15:36, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chinese-Indian talks of April 12, 2005
have you some news about the Chinese-Indian talks ? They want make a definitive peace to improve their relationship, cooperate in computer and hight-tech industry and were talking about a Chinese-Indian free-market, so something like 2,5 billion people. There is the french summary of this talk: that's the main international news in Wikipedia.fr, and it seem haven't any information there, on wikipedia.en Yug 11:25, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 12 avril, New Delhi : un accord Sino-Indien a été signé afin de définir les « grands principes » d'une réconciliation entre ces 2 pays. L'Inde et la Chine espèrent améliorer leurs relations afin de favoriser leurs échanges et leur développement. L'idée d'une immense zone de libre-échange a aussi été évoquée. Cela concernerait 2,5 milliards d'hommes.

Australian Current Events
I realized yesterday that there was no Australian Current Events page in the English-speaking wikipedia. Now there is. No Barn Star necessary. I just wanted everyone to know it's there and ready for editing. MPS 16:16, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Drudge Report?
From the current version of the page:

 * Matt Drudge reports on his website, The Drudge Report, that a nuclear test by North Korea may be imminent, and that the United States is urging China to pressure North Korea not to do so. (Drudge Report)

The story, if true, is important. But is the Drudge Report really a reputable source for this page? I would argue not. -- Avaragado 09:34, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Just pick one of the dozens of similar stories at news.google.com "North Korea" to replace it. Pcb21| Pete 11:42, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Laotian Rock Rat
The dating on the new rodent family, Laonastidae, is weird. The journal issue is considered December, 2004. The date that the journal was issued (and accessible to the public) is 18 April, 2005. So it is current. --Aranae 19:13, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

Days of the week on current events
I propose a that from now on, the dates of current events be pegged to days of the week. for instance, "April 24" would be "April 24 (Sunday)." I got this idea from foreign current events sites. MPS 01:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Why isn't the UK general election in curent events??
Why is Expo 2005 in the current events list, but United Kingdom general election, 2005 (happening in 10 days, final campaigning underway) isn't??
 * It's in "Upcoming Elections", that's the only place it needs to be. --Golbez 13:50, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

What the heck am i doing removing sources?
I was recently blasted for removing sources from this page in an attempt to reduce the page size. Here's what happened on my talk page:

What the heck are you doing?
What the heck are you doing to April 2005 Trevor? Month pages always have links to stop people adding in phoney unsourced stories. Fear ÉIREANN \(caint) 02:31, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You certainly shouldn't start doing something like that without putting something up on the talk page first to see if anyone has any objections. Average Earthman 12:11, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Whoa, ok, I guess I touched a nerve here. I thought I was doing right by paring down an oversized, bloated page. I suppose sources are good for verifying facts on a page but this is certainly not the standard. If you look to previous months, the further back you go the less individual items are sourced. Does that mean that everything on April 2003 should be removed as unproven hearsay? I don't think so. Does that mean that we need to go back and find external web pages that show that everything on April, 2005, 2000s, and 21st century is proven fact. No. The way wikipedia works is: people post whatever they want and the edits either stays or is changed/removed if someone finds a problem. I think the reason these month pages look the way they do is because they were original the Current events page, and people treat that page as a "Breaking news" repository. Thats what Wikinews is for!

Take these sourced events for example:

April 29
 * The death toll in the Amagasaki rail crash in Japan totals 106. Rescue efforts are over and police begin the crash investigation. (Japan Today)

April 28
 * The death toll in the Amagasaki rail crash in Japan rises to 104. Rescuers find the body of the train's driver. (Japan Today), (Reuters AlertNet)

April 27
 * The death toll in the Amagasaki rail crash in Japan exceeds 91, and may increase to over 100. (Japan Today) (Asahi Shimbun) (Reuters) (Bloomberg) (Reuters)

April 26
 * The death toll in the Amagasaki rail crash reaches 73. Police searches the offices of West Japan Railway Co looking for clues for the cause of the crash. (Japan Today) (Reuters) (Bloomberg) (Reuters AlertNet)

April 25
 * Amagasaki rail crash: In Japan, a Fukuchiyama Line train derails and crashes into an apartment building in the city of Amagasaki, near Osaka. At least 55 people are dead and around 400 are injured as a result of the accident, Japan's worst rail crash since 1963.  (Japan Today) (Reuters) (BBC)

Five sourced items for the same event! And if you look at the souce it's 26 lines long (on my screen). I can barely read it if I want to edit it. I didn't even look into May 2005 but I bet there are more there.

Or how about this:

April 28
 * Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez visits Cuba to foster cooperation between the countries. (BBC) (Periodico26) (Reuters)

A lot of leader visit a lot of countries, why is this noteworthy?. Does the source say?

Or:

April 26
 * British Labour Party member Brian Sedgemore moves to the Liberal Democrats. (Independent) (Times) (BBC)

Is this the first time this has happened? The last? Did the outside world even notice?

April 22
 * Rumors abound that a nuclear test by North Korea may be imminent, and that the United States is urging the People's Republic of China to pressure North Korea not to do so. (Reuters) (The Hindu) (Washington Post) (Drudge Report)

Rumors abound? This is a fact is it. Well, rumors abound that this page is way too big and it needs a reduction.

My proposal:

1. Remove sources from the page (after it is no longer the current events page, I'll leave you news junkies that much).

2. Remove multiple enteries from the page. The event is notable. The slow increase in casualty counts is not. Put the final count at the originating entry when its final, or update it accordingly.

Start with this and the page may get down to a reasonable size (135 KBs! Come on!).

Right. Now discuss.

Trevor macinnis 14:04, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Third opinion from Parker Whittle
Can you show some edits where other editors have been paring down current event pages once they are moved to the page for a given month? If it's not the conventional practice, I would argue that you should achieve consensus beforehand. I think your best case is the Amagasaki rail crash stories, but if another editor really wants to see all the versions there, I don't see that it should be a showstopper. Parker Whittle 19:31, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

=Topics from 2006=

Article format
As of 2006-04-12, the article has a completely different format to all the other months. Unless someone can explain why this should be so, I'll revert it back to the standard format. However I don't want to start an edit/revert war, so I'll leave it a few days first. -- SGBailey 23:05, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Several Aprils and Augusts have this format - I'm not sure why either. — sjorford++ 18:11, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

25 April and 26 April
The entries about 25 April and 26 April are identical so there must have gone something wrong. Could someone check out the right version and fix it? --Proofreader 16:58, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

=Topics after 2007= Any topics below are after 2007. -Wikid77 (talk) 16:18, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessaryily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request it's removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

 * http://www.iranmania.com/News/ArticleView/Default.asp?NewsCode=30684&NewsKind=Current%20Affairs
 * Triggered by  on the local blacklist
 * http://www.iranmania.com/News/ArticleView/Default.asp?NewsCode=30705&NewsKind=Current%20Affairs
 * Triggered by  on the local blacklist
 * http://www.iranmania.com/News/ArticleView/Default.asp?NewsCode=30835&NewsKind=Current%20Affairs
 * Triggered by  on the local blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.— cyberbot II Notify Online 17:14, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Current events/April 2005


text:
Talk:The Varsity (restaurant)

Inconsistency
These can't both be right: "'Its founder, Frank Gordy, a Reinhardt University graduate, briefly attended The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) but dropped out in 1925.'" "'Frank Gordy met his wife, Evelyn, at Reinhardt in 1924 and went on to Georgia Tech to finish his education.'" So, which is it? Lady of  Shalott  03:40, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 18 December 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved to The Varsity (restaurant). (closed by non-admin page mover) Lennart97 (talk) 20:27, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

The Varsity → The Varisty (fast food restaurant) – Lots of pages called Varsity, including multiple called The Varisty (disambiguating title). Not sure if this one is enough for Primary Topic, as it only averages around 40ish page views a day RedPatch (talk) 19:42, 18 December 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nomination. There are 32 entries listed upon the Varsity disambiguation page, including The Varsity (newspaper) as well as The Varsity (West Lafayette, Indiana). The Varsity should redirect to the Varsity dab page. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 21:26, 18 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per nom—blindlynx 04:18, 19 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support The Varsity (restaurant). Doesn't need any more verbose disambiguator. Certainly not the primary topic. Redirect The Varsity to Varsity. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:42, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Varsity (restaurant)


text:
Talk:SOAS University of London

Rating
The SOAS Library needs fuller coverage. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-j-d-pearson-1244502.html

Bernard Lewis: 'The neo-cons' favourite historian',
Could you please tell me who these "neo-cons" are, and when they've stated that Lewis is their favorite historian? It just sounds like somebody's opinion. -- Dan

Of course it's someone's opinion
It's a catchphrase, not sacred fact, Mr Pedant Dan. Bernard Lewis has been referred to by various influential publications as an academic poster-boy for the neo-conservative project within the humanities, specifically with regard to the project of nation and democracy building in the Middle East, a project which Lewis has long been advocating and which the US has taken on board most explicitly since the outbreak of the Iraq war.

can someone fix ToC?
It probably shouldn't be in the picture area thingumy. -nshworth al-nsh

Merge proposal

 * WP:Be bold. --Randykitty (talk) 21:11, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Merge WP:DOIT. Nanosci (talk) 12:59, 16 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Merge WP:DOIT EmyRussell (talk) 01:19, 28 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Don't merge WP:DONTDOIT 90.254.4.178 (talk) 16:14, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:SOAS University of London


text:
Dreamland (Robert Plant album)

Dreamland is the seventh solo studio album by English musician Robert Plant. It was released on July 16, 2002. It is a mixture of blues rock, folk rock, hard rock, and psychedelic rock.

Overview
Many of the songs are cover versions, mainly blues, but also some rock. It was nominated for two Grammys in 2002 — Best Rock Album and Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for "Darkness, Darkness."

Track listing
Notes
 * – based on Bukka White's "Fixin' to Die Blues", a song Led Zeppelin used to perform live.
 * – contains elements of: "If I Ever Get Lucky" by Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup; "Milk Cow's Calf Blues" by Robert Johnson; "Crawling King Snake" by Big Joe Williams or John Lee Hooker; and "That's Alright Mama" by Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup.

Personnel

 * Robert Plant – vocals
 * John Baggott – keyboards, string arrangements (2, 3)
 * Pearl Thompson – guitars
 * Justin Adams – guitars, gimbri, darbuka
 * Charlie Jones – bass
 * Clive Deamer – drums, percussion

Guest musicians

 * B. J. Cole – pedal steel guitar (5)
 * Ginny Clee – backing vocals
 * May Clee Cadman – backing vocals
 * Raj Das – backing vocals

Production

 * Robert Plant – producer
 * Phill Brown – producer, engineer
 * Dan Austin – assistant engineer
 * Raj Das – assistant engineer
 * Graham Dominy – assistant engineer
 * Denis Blackham – mastering at Country Masters (Surrey, UK)
 * Andie Airfix – artwork, design
 * Joe Spix – artwork, design
 * Maria Mochnacz – photography
 * Bill Curbishley – management

title: Dreamland (Robert Plant album)


text: User talk:4.62.164.15

title: User talk:4.62.164.15


text:
Cotton library

The Cotton or Cottonian library is a collection of manuscripts that came into the hands of the antiquarian and bibliophile Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP (1571–1631). The collection of books and materials Sir Robert held was one of the three "foundation collections" of the British Museum in 1753. It is now one of the major collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the British Library. Cotton was of a Shropshire family who originated near Wem and were based in Alkington and employed by the Geneva Bible publisher, statesman and polymath Sir Rowland Hill in the mid 16th century.

After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, many priceless and ancient manuscripts that had belonged to the monastic libraries began to be disseminated among various owners, many of whom were unaware of the cultural value of the manuscripts. Cotton's skill lay in finding, purchasing and preserving these ancient documents. The leading scholars of the era, including Francis Bacon, Walter Raleigh, and James Ussher, came to use Sir Robert's library. Richard James acted as his librarian. The library is of special importance for having preserved the only copy of several works, including Beowulf, The Battle of Maldon, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

In 1731 the collection was badly damaged by a fire in which 13 manuscripts were completely destroyed, and some 200 seriously damaged. The most important Anglo-Saxon manuscripts had already been copied; the original text of The Battle of Maldon was completely burned.

Origins
At the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, official state records and important papers were poorly kept, and often retained privately, neglected or destroyed by public officers.

The Cotton family were prominent in Shropshire, and their seat at Alkington, and they were connected to the polymath and sixteenth century statesman Sir Rowland Hill who published the Geneva Bible; and by the seventeenth century Sir Robert Cotton came to hold, and subsequently bound, over a hundred volumes of official papers. There is a theory that the curious incident of the 1643 Battle of Wem was the output of concerns of both sides to secure the Library of Old Sir Rowland at Soulton Hall.

By 1622, his house and library stood immediately north of the Houses of Parliament and was a valuable resource and meeting-place not only for antiquarians and scholars but also for politicians and jurists of various persuasions, including Sir Edward Coke, John Pym, John Selden, Sir John Eliot, and Thomas Wentworth.

Such important evidence was highly valuable at a time when the politics of the realm were historically disputed between king and Parliament. Sir Robert knew his library was of vital public interest and, although he made it freely available to consult, it made him an object of hostility on the part of the government. On 3 November 1629 he was arrested for disseminating a pamphlet held to be seditious (it had actually been written fifteen years earlier by Sir Robert Dudley) and the library was closed on this pretext. Cotton was released on 15 November and the prosecution abandoned the following May, but the library remained shut up until after Sir Robert's death; it was restored to his son and heir, Sir Thomas Cotton, in 1633.

Sir Robert's library included his collection of books, manuscripts, coins and medallions. After his death the collection was maintained and added to by his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).

Gift to the nation
Sir Robert's grandson, Sir John Cotton, donated the Cotton library to Great Britain upon his death in 1702. At this time, Great Britain did not have a national library, and the transfer of the Cotton library to the nation became the basis of what is now the British Library. The early history of the collection is laid out in the introductory recitals to the British Museum Act 1700 (13 & 14 Will. 3. c. 7) that established statutory trusts for the Cotton library:

"Sir Robert Cotton late of Connington in the County of Huntingdon Baronett did at his own great Charge and Expense and by the Assistance of the most learned Antiquaries of his Time collect and purchase the most useful Manuscripts Written Books Papers Parchments [Records] and other Memorialls in most Languages of great Use and Service for the Knowledge and Preservation of our Constitution both in Church and State which Manuscripts and other Writings were procured as well from Parts beyond the Seas as from severall Private Collectors of such Antiquities within this Realm [and] are generally esteemed the best Collection of its Kind now any where extant And whereas the said Library has been preserved with the utmost Care and Diligence by the late Sir Thomas Cotton Son of the said Sir Robert and by Sir John Cotton of Westminster now living Grandson of the said Sir Robert and has been very much augmented and enlarged by them and lodged in a very proper Place in the said Sir Johns ancient Mansion House at Westminster which is very convenient for that Purpose And whereas the said Sir John Cotton in pursuance of the Desire and Intentions of his said Father and Grandfather is content and willing that the said Mansion House and Library should continue in his Family and Name and not be sold or otherwise disposed or imbezled and that the said Library should be kept and preserved by the Name of the Cottonian Library for Publick Use & Advantage...."

The acquisition of the collection was better secured and managed by the British Museum Act 1706 (6 Ann. c. 30), under which the trustees removed the collections from the ruinous Cotton House, whose site is now covered by the Houses of Parliament. It went first to Essex House, The Strand, which, however, was regarded as a fire risk; and then to Ashburnham House, a little west of the Palace of Westminster. From 1707 the library also housed the Old Royal Library (now "Royal" manuscripts at the British Library). Ashburnham House also became the residence of the keeper of the king's libraries, Richard Bentley (1662–1742), a renowned theologian and classical scholar.

Ashburnham House fire

On 23 October 1731, fire broke out in Ashburnham House, in which 13 manuscripts were lost, while over 200 others faced severe destruction and water damage. Bentley escaped while clutching the priceless Codex Alexandrinus under one arm, a scene witnessed and later described in a letter to Charlotte, Lady Sundon, by Robert Freind, headmaster of Westminster School. The manuscript of The Battle of Maldon was destroyed, and that of Beowulf was heavily damaged. Also severely damaged was the Byzantine Cotton Genesis, the illustrations of which nevertheless remain an important record of Late Antique iconography. One of the collection's two original exemplifications of the 1215 Magna Carta, Cotton Charter XIII.31A, was shrivelled in the fire, and its seal badly melted.

Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the House of Commons, as one of the statutory trustees of the library, directed and personally supervised a remarkable programme of restoration within the resources of his time. The published report of this work is of major importance in bibliography. Copies of some of the lost works had been made, and many of those damaged could be restored in the nineteenth century. However, these early conservation efforts were not always successful: bungled attempts to clean the Magna Carta exemplification rendered it largely illegible to the naked eye. More recently, advances in multispectral photography have enabled imaging specialists at the British Library led by Christina Duffy to scan and upload images of previously illegible early English manuscripts damaged in the fire. Images will form part of Fragmentarium (Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments), an international collaboration of libraries and research institutions to catalogue and collate vulnerable manuscript fragments, making them available for research under a Creative Commons public domain license.

British Museum and Library
In 1753 the Cotton library was transferred to the new British Museum, under the Act of Parliament which established it. At the same time the Sloane Collection and Harley Collection were acquired and added, so that these three became the museum's three "foundation collections". The Royal manuscripts were donated by George II in 1757. In 1973 all these collections passed to the newly established British Library. The British Library continues to organise its Cottonian books according to the famous busts.

Classification
Sir Robert Cotton had organised his library according to the case, shelf and position of a book within a room twenty-six feet long and six feet wide. Each bookcase in his library was surmounted by a bust of a historical personage, including Augustus Caesar, Cleopatra, Julius Caesar, Nero, Otho, and Vespasian. In total, he had fourteen busts, and his scheme involved a designation of bust name/shelf letter/volume number from left end. Thus, the two most famous of the manuscripts from the Cotton library are "Cotton Vitellius A.xv" and "Cotton Nero A.x". In Cotton's own day, that meant "Under the bust of Vitellius, top shelf (A), and count fifteen over" for the volume containing the Nowell Codex (including Beowulf) and "Go to the bust of Nero, top shelf, tenth book" for the manuscript containing all the works of the Pearl Poet. The manuscripts are still catalogued by these call numbers in the British Library.

According to scholar, Colin Tite, the system according to the busts was probably not in full effect until 1638; however there are notes that suggest that Sir Robert planned to arrange the library in this system before his death in 1631, but was probably, as Tite hypothesises, interrupted during the implementation by the closure of the library in 1629.

In 1696, the first printed catalogue of the Cotton library's holdings was published by Thomas Smith, the librarian of Sir John Cotton, Sir Robert Cotton's grandson. The library's official catalogue was published in 1802 by Joseph Planta, which remained the standard guide to the library's contents until modern times.

Selected manuscripts

 * Augustus
 * ii.106 Magna Carta: Exemplification of 1215
 * Caligula
 * A.ii "A Pistil of Susan" (frag.) (probably by Huchoun)
 * A.xv Easter Table Chronicle
 * Claudius
 * B.vi Cotton Genesis (fragmentary)
 * D.ii Leges Henrici Primi, an illuminated manuscript of a 12th-century legal treatise, copied around 1310
 * D.iv fos 48–54 De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi (missing introduction and parts of the conclusion)
 * Cleopatra
 * A.ii Life of St Modwenna
 * Domitian
 * A.viii: Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle F)
 * A.ix fragment of the Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (ASC H), futhorc row
 * Faustina
 * A.x Additional Glosses to the Glossary in Ælfric's Grammar
 * Galba
 * A.xviii Athelstan Psalter
 * Julius
 * A.vi Julius Work Calendar
 * A.x Old English Martyrology
 * E.vii Ælfric's Lives of Saints
 * Nero
 * A.x Pearl, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
 * D.iv Lindisfarne Gospels
 * Otho
 * A.xii The Battle of Maldon (destroyed in 1731)
 * B.x Mary of Egypt (fragmentary)
 * B.x.165 Anglo-Saxon rune poem (destroyed in 1731)
 * B.xi.2 fragment of a copy of the Parker Chronicle (ASC G or A2, the copy of Winchester Chronicle)
 * C.i Ælfric's De creatore et creatura
 * C.v Otho-Corpus Gospels (fragmentary)
 * Tiberius
 * A.vi Abingdon Chronicle I (ASC B)
 * A.xiii Hemming's Cartulary
 * B.i Abingdon Chronicle II (ASC C)
 * B.iv Worcester Chronicle (ASC D)
 * B.v Labour of the Months
 * C.ii Bede, Ecclesiastical History
 * Titus
 * D.xxvi Ælfwine's Prayerbook
 * Vespasian
 * A.i Vespasian Psalter
 * D.xiv Ælfric's De duodecim abusivis
 * Vitellius
 * A.xv Nowell Codex (Beowulf, Judith)

title: Cotton library


text:
File:Cyclone tracy aerial view darwin.jpg

Licensing
Correct citation: National Archives of Australia A6135, K29/1/75/16

Title: Natural disasters - Cyclones - Aerial view of Darwin, after Cyclone Tracy Date: 1974 Primary subject: NATURAL DISASTERS Secondary subject: CYCLONES Image no.: A6135, K29/1/75/16 Barcode: 11854883 Location: Canberra Series accession number: A6135/1

-Original Message- From: Fiona Burn [mailto:fiona.burn at naa.gov.au] Sent: Friday, 1 October 2004 1:34 PM To: (...) Subject: FW: Copyright query about image of Cyclone Tracy {My name}, I refer to your inquiry to the National Archives of Australia regarding copyright permission to use an image from our Collection on the Wikipedia website. Series A6135, Item K29/1/75/16 Natural disasters - Cyclones - Aerial view of Darwin, after Cyclone Tracy 1974 The National Archives gives copyright permission for the use of this image on the Wikipedia website. We would appreciate acknowledgement of the National Archives as the source of the image in the following manner: From the collection of the National Archives of Australia The correct form of citation for the item is as shown below: National Archives of Australia A6135, K29/1/75/16 Yours sincerely Fiona Burn Assistant Director Public and Reader Services, Sydney [Fiona Burn]

-Original Message- From: Copyright Sent: Thursday, 30 September 2004 4:57 PM To: zrefcopyright Subject: FW: Copyright query about image of Cyclone Tracy From:  {my email address} Sent: Thursday, September 30, 2004 4:58:05 PM To:  copyright at naa.gov.au  Subject:    Copyright query about image of Cyclone Tracy Auto forwarded by a Rule Hello, I was wondering what the copyright status is of the image at: http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/PhotoSearchItemDetail.asp?M=0&B=11854883 I would like to use it on the Wikipedia website. This site can be found at http://www.wikipedia.org and the article I would like to use it in is  http://www.wikipedia.org/Cyclone_Tracy Further information about the image I am interested in is as follows: Title: Natural disasters - Cyclones - Aerial view of Darwin, after Cyclone Tracy Date: 1975 Primary subject: NATURAL DISASTERS Secondary subject: CYCLONES Image no.: A6135, K29/1/75/16 Barcode: 11854883 Location: Canberra Find other items in this series: A6135 Series accession number: A6135/1 Regards, {my full name}


text:
Baikal Cossacks

Baikal Cossacks were Cossacks of the Transbaikal Cossack Host (Забайка́льское каза́чье во́йско); a Cossack host formed in 1851 in the areas beyond Lake Baikal (hence, Transbaikal).

Organisation
The Transbaikal Cossack Host was one of those created during the 19th century as the Russian Empire expanded to the Far East and South-East. It remained smaller than the Don Cossacks and other longer-established Hosts. The Transbaikal Cossack Host partially consisted of Siberian Cossacks, Buryats, Evenk (Tungus) military units, and included the peasant population of some of the regions. The military component included three cavalry regiments and three unmounted brigades. Its main purpose was to patrol the Sino-Russian border and perform everyday military duties in the region. The official leader of the Transbaikal Cossack Host had the title of Nakazny ataman ("the one who was appointed"). From 1872 he also served as military governor of the Transbaikal oblast, which had with its headquarters in Chita.

In the early 20th century, the Transbaikal Cossack Host normally supplied one polusotnya (fifty men) of guards for rural policing work, four cavalry regiments, and two batteries in time of peace. During World War I, the Host expanded to one polusotnya, nine cavalry regiments, four batteries, and three reserve sotnyas (each of one hundred men). In 1916, the Cossack population of the Transbaikal Cossack Host numbered 265,000 people, out of which 14,500 men served in the military.

History
The Transbaikal Cossack Army is known to have participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion in 1899–1901, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, and World War I. Many of the Cossack divisions were disbanded in 1917, but were recreated in 1918. During the Russian Civil War, the more prosperous Cossacks joined the ranks of the anti-Soviet armies of General Grigory Semenov and baron Roman Ungern. The poorer Cossacks took an active part in the guerrilla movement.

In 1920 at the end of the Russian Civil War, the Transbaikal Cossack Host was disbanded.

However, the remnant of Baikal Cossacks fled to Manchuria and some of their troops came under Manchukuo Imperial Army to resist Soviet Union.

Distinctions
The distinguishing colour of the Transbaikal Cossack Host was yellow; worn on the cap bands, epaulettes and wide trouser stripes of a dark green uniform of the loose-fitting cut common to the Steppe Cossacks. Individual regiments were distinguished by numbers on the epaulettes. High lambs-wool hats (papakha) were worn on occasion, with yellow cloth tops. From 1908 the new khaki service jacket of the regular Russian cavalry was adopted, but the yellow shoulder straps of the full dress uniform were retained, as was yellow piping on the blue/grey breeches.

title: Baikal Cossacks


text:
Evangeline Lilly

Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born 3 August 1979) is a Canadian author and retired actress. She gained popularity for her first leading role as Kate Austen in the ABC drama series Lost (2004–2010), which garnered her six nominations for the Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series.

Lilly has also appeared in the war film The Hurt Locker (2008) and sports drama Real Steel (2011), and has starred as Tauriel in Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film series, appearing in The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). She has portrayed Hope van Dyne / Wasp in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), beginning with Ant-Man (2015). Lilly is also the author of a children's book series The Squickerwonkers.

Early life
Lilly was born in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, on 3 August 1979. She was raised in British Columbia by her mother, a daycare center owner, and her father, a home economics teacher. She has an older sister and a younger sister. Lilly was raised Baptist and Mennonite.

Lilly graduated from W. J. Mouat Secondary School in Abbotsford, British Columbia, with a 4.3 GPA; she was captain of the soccer team and vice president of the student council. In university, she was a waitress, did "oil changes and grease jobs on big rig trucks", and was a flight attendant for Royal Airlines to pay for her tuition. Her interest in humanitarian causes and world development led her to major in international relations at the University of British Columbia.

2002–2003: Early career
Lilly's acting career began when she was discovered by a Ford Modelling Agency agent while passing the time in Kelowna, British Columbia. She took the agent's business card but did not immediately pursue acting. She eventually called and the agency landed her several roles in commercials and non-speaking parts in the TV shows Smallville and Kingdom Hospital. She was also on a video game news and review show on the gaming television channel G4TV.

2004–2007: Breakthrough with Lost
In late 2003, Lilly was encouraged by a friend to audition for ABC's Lost, but did not expect to be cast. The secrecy campaign meant auditioning actors could not see the full script, could read only short scenes, and knew only the basic premise of people surviving a plane crash on a tropical island. It reminded Lilly of The Blue Lagoon, and she thought Lost would "at best be a mediocre TV show". Around 75 women auditioned for the part of Kate Austen. Writer and co-creator Damon Lindelof said that he and executive producer and co-creator J. J. Abrams "...were fast-forwarding through a tape and he saw her and said: 'That's the girl!'" The character almost had to be recast, as Lilly had trouble acquiring a work visa to enter the United States. Her application was finally accepted after nearly 20 tries; she arrived in Hawaii for filming one day late.

Lost ran for six seasons, from 2004 to 2010. It was one of ABC's top primetime shows, winning one Golden Globe Award and ten Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series in 2005, and was ranked the top-rated TV show of the decade by IMDb. Lilly was between 24 and 30 years of age during the show's run, appearing in 108 of 121 episodes, as her character, Kate Austen, was the show's female lead. In 2006 she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. Robert Bianco of USA Today praised Lilly's performance in the episode named "Eggtown", saying it was almost worthy of a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series nomination. After shooting the final episode of Lost, Lilly said she was considering taking a break from acting to focus on her charity and humanitarian efforts. She told Vulture: "I consider acting a day job—it's not my dream; it's not my be-all, end-all." She says she uses her high-profile roles to further her humanitarian efforts, not to achieve stardom.

2008–2014: Established actress
In 2008, Lilly appeared in the film The Hurt Locker, directed by Kathryn Bigelow. The film received widespread acclaim and went on to be nominated in nine categories at the 82nd Academy Awards, winning six of these including Best Picture. Lilly and the cast won the Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Ensemble Cast and the Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Ensemble. That same year, Lilly had a leading role in the psychological thriller film Afterwards.

In May 2010, Lilly announced on The View that being a mother was her top priority, but that she liked acting as a "day job" and would continue it when possible. She took a short hiatus that year and was not in contact with Hollywood.

In 2011, despite turning down a number of film offers, Lilly appeared as Bailey Tallet, a boxing gym owner, in Real Steel alongside Hugh Jackman. She accepted the role after director Shawn Levy sent her the script. Levy noted that Lilly was "magnificent to look" and that he "needed someone who you believed had grown up in a man's world; Bailey needed to have a strength and a toughness that was not at the expense of her being womanly". Real Steel went on to be nominated for Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards. During promotion for the film, Lilly turned down a role in the X-Men franchise from Jackman, noting that she "wasn't into superhero movies" at the time.

In 2012, Lilly was cast as the Mirkwood elf Tauriel in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. The character, which does not appear in the original book by Tolkien, was created by Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh as the head of the Elven guard. For the role, Lilly underwent training for swordplay, archery and speaking the Elvish language. Lilly described Tauriel as a nonconformist, noting that she tends to "rebel against the established social order of the Elves". Lilly appeared as the character in The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and its sequel, The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).

2015–2023: Ant-Man films and other work
In 2015, Lilly played Hope van Dyne, the daughter of Hank Pym and Janet van Dyne, in the superhero film Ant-Man as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Lilly described her character as "capable, strong, and kick-ass", but said that being raised by two superheroes resulted in Hope being "a pretty screwed up human being [...] and the clear message sent by my name is that I'm not a big fan of my father and so I took my mother's name." Lilly also signed a multi-film contract with Marvel. The film received generally positive reviews.

In 2017, Lilly starred in the Netflix horror film Little Evil alongside Adam Scott. In 2018, she reprised her role as Van Dyne in Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), donning the superhero mantle of the Wasp which had been teased in the first film during an end credits scene. The film received generally positive reviews with Lilly's performance being praised. The Wasp became the first superheroine to be a titular character in an MCU film. Lilly also reprised her role in Avengers: Endgame (2019). That same year, Lilly was set to star in a film titled Happy Place alongside Ike Barinholtz.

In 2021, she starred with Armie Hammer and Gary Oldman in Crisis, directed by Nicholas Jarecki. That same year, she also starred in South of Heaven alongside Jason Sudeikis and Mike Colter. The latter won her Best Actress at the AFIN International Film Festival. Lilly also voiced an alternate version of the Wasp in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021). She voiced Van Dyne in the episode "What If... Zombies?!", and received positive reviews.

In February 2023, Lilly reprised her role as Hope van Dyne / Wasp in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania, released as the first film of Phase Five of the MCU. That same month, it was announced that Lilly would voice a character in the English version of the animated historic epic Israeli film, Legend of Destruction, which was originally released in 2021 in Hebrew. Lilly voiced the "last Jewish queen, Berenice of Cilicia, who did her best to protect her people [...] even at the cost of her life", in which Lilly noted was "really brutal and sad, but it's true".

2024–present: Retirement
In June 2024, Lilly announced that she was "stepping away" from acting. She noted that "I might return to Hollywood one day, but for now this is where I belong".

Public image
After gaining recognition for her role as Kate Austen in Lost, Lilly began to appear in the media and was regularly included in "Most Beautiful" lists. Entertainment Weekly voted Lilly one of its "Breakout Stars of 2004". That same year, Lilly was voted one of People "50 Most Beautiful People". In 2007, her portrayal of Austen was voted the number one "Sexiest Woman on Television" by TV Guide and made FHM Top Sexiest.

Lilly is noted for playing "strong, tragic, and even a bit snarky" characters. Lilly's roles in The Hobbit film series and the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Tauriel and Hope van Dyne / Wasp respectively, have received critical acclaim. For her performance as Tauriel, Lilly was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie, the Empire Award for Best Supporting Actress, and a Kid's Choice Award for Favorite Female Buttkicker.

Charity work
Lilly works with non-profits such as the GO Campaign. In 2009, Lilly auctioned off custom lingerie in support of Task Brasil, "a non-profit organization dedicated to helping the lost street children of Brazil by providing them secure housing". In 2010, she auctioned off three lunches in Vancouver, Honolulu, and Los Angeles to help widows and orphans in Rwanda, a country she has made numerous trips to as part of her charity work. In 2012, Lilly auctioned off a Hawaiian hike to raise money for the Sierra Club.

The Squickerwonkers
On set of Lost in 2006, Lilly noted in an interview that she wanted to be a writer. On July 18, 2013, Lilly debuted her book series, titled The Squickerwonkers at the San Diego Comic-Con centred around a young girl who joins a group of characters described as a "family" who are all "strange outcasts" and have "very particular vices".

In 2014, Titan Books released the first title of The Squickerwonkers titled The Squickerwonkers: The Prequel (2014) with the foreword written by Peter Jackson. Three main titles titled The Squickerwonkers, Act 1: The Demise of Selma the Spoiled (2018), The Squickerwonkers, Act 2: The Demise of Lorna the Lazy (2018) and The Squickerwonkers, Act 3: The Demise of Andy the Arrogant (2019) were self-published by Quiet Cocoon Productions with Rodrigo Bastos Didier taking over as illustrator. Lilly has stated that her literary inspirations are Roald Dahl and Edward Gorey.

Personal life
Lilly was raised Baptist and Mennonite and described herself as "very devout and evangelical". She has been involved in humanitarian work for 13 years in Rwanda where she runs an NGO.

Lilly was married to hockey player Murray Hone from 2003 to 2004. She was in a relationship with English actor and Lost costar Dominic Monaghan from 2004 to 2007. In 2010, Lilly began a relationship with Norman Kali. She gave birth to a son, in 2011. Their second son was born in October 2015.

On 20 December 2006, an electrical problem set fire to Lilly's house in Kailua, Hawaii, destroying the house and all of her possessions while she was on the set of Lost. Though she lost all of her belongings, she said that the fire was "almost liberating" and that she was "in no hurry to clutter up [her] life again".

On 16 March 2020, Lilly received mixed responses when she refused to self-quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic, said it was "business as usual" on Instagram, and claimed that she values "freedom over [her] life". On 26 March, she apologized for her comments and called them "dismissive, arrogant, and cryptic". On 27 January 2022, she posted a photo on Instagram showing that she had taken part in a march against COVID-19 vaccine mandates in Washington, D.C. and said that "nobody should ever be forced to inject their body with anything, against their will". On 18 February, amidst the Canada convoy protest against federal COVID-19 mandates, she urged Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to meet with the protestors.

title: Evangeline Lilly


text:
Talk:Minority Report (film)

Manslaughter
Somebody recently edited the plot summary to describe crimes of passion as "manslaughter". I can't speak for US law, but in England and Wales killing a consensual adult partner because they've dumped you or because you catch them in flagrante generally isn't recognised as grounds for claiming provocation (making it manslaughter rather then murder), precisely because it's such a common form of murder. A person guilty of such a murder might sometimes have had their sentence commuted in the days of the death penalty, but not always. By contrast, being raped or catching a loved one being raped is a recognised ground to claim provocation.

Anyway, the bottom line is that I don't think the film mentions manslaughter at all. And if they did, it would complicate matters having to cope with all the other forms of manslaughter - diminished responsibility, or killing somebody through recklessness, or gross negligence whilst administering medical care etc etc.Paulturtle (talk) 07:00, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

If one were to write about the US position, it would mean getting into the whole area of degrees of murder as well as manslaughter. And to qualify my comments about English Law above, there was a 2009 Act of Parliament which said that sexual infidelity is not a ground for claiming "loss of control" (as provocation is nowadays called), but that was diluted by a controversial 2012 judgement which held that that only applied if sexual infidelity was the only factor. But my main point, that the film doesn't complicate things for the viewer by bringing manslaughter into it, still stands.Paulturtle (talk) 07:38, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

"Imposter"
Significant plot elements (like the whole "going to the underground doctor" digression) were borrowed from the Philip K. Dick short story "Imposter". There's probably a published source somewhere noting this. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  03:43, 30 October 2022 (UTC)

missing source for claim
"Minority Report was one of the most anticipated films of 2002 because of the high-profile collaboration between Cruise and Spielberg, as well as a surge in blockbusters in the wake of the September 11 attacks. " Is there a source for this claim or is it pure conjecture? If not maybe it should be modified. 96.20.81.148 (talk) 15:20, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Seems to be conjecture. I removed it.  There's a CNN source that mentions a small uptick in ticket sales, but it doesn't say that people came to this film for escapist entertainment after 9/11. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 04:20, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minority Report (film)


text:
Montreal Royals

The Montreal Royals were a minor league professional baseball team in Montreal, Quebec, during 1897–1917 and 1928–1960. A member of the International League, the Royals were the top farm club (Class AAA) of the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1939; pioneering African-American player Jackie Robinson was a member for the 1946 season. The 1946 Royals were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.

History
In 1928, George Stallings, a former Major League Baseball executive and Southern United States planter, formed a partnership with Montreal lawyer and politician Athanase David and businessman Ernest Savard to resurrect the Montreal Royals. Among the team's other local affluent notables were close friends Lucien Beauregard, Romeo Gauvreau, Hector H. Racine, and Charles E. Trudeau. Trudeau, businessman and father of the future 15th Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau (and grandfather to the 23rd Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau), would remain on the Montreal Baseball Club Inc. Board of Directors until his death in 1935. Together these men financed and built Delorimier Stadium (also known as Montreal Stadium, Hector Racine Stadium and Delorimier Downs) at Delorimier Avenue and Ontario Street in east-end Montreal to serve as the team's home field.

This version of the Montreal Royals enjoyed great success, particularly after it became the top farm team of the Dodgers in 1939. The Royals launched the baseball careers of Sparky Anderson, Gene Mauch, Roberto Clemente and the man who broke Major League Baseball's color barrier with Montreal in 1946, Jackie Robinson. Other Royals' players of note include Duke Snider, Don Drysdale, Chuck Connors, Walter Alston, Roy Campanella, Johnny Podres and the winningest pitcher in the history of the team, Tommy Lasorda.

The team holds a unique place in baseball history for being the first major-league affiliate to break the so-called "baseball colour barrier". On October 23, 1945, two members of the Brooklyn National League Baseball Club Inc. Board of Directors, Montreal Royals owner and team president, Hector Racine, and Brooklyn Dodgers general manager, Branch Rickey, signed Jackie Robinson, an African-American. Robinson played with the Royals during the 1946 season. John Wright and Roy Partlow, black pitchers, also played with the Royals that year.

During that season, Robinson faced the race-related resistance from his manager (a Mississippian, Clay Hopper) and teammates but soon won them over with his masterful play (beginning with his spectacular debut in the opening game against the Jersey City Giants) and courage facing hostile crowds and opponents. As for his home city, he was welcomed immediately by the public, who followed his performance that season with intense adoration. For the rest of his life, Robinson remained grateful to the people of Montreal for making the city a welcoming oasis for him and his wife during that difficult 1946 season. They lived in an apartment in a white neighbourhood of Montreal that summer.

Robinson then left to play for the Dodgers the following year, but not before winning the Little World Series and being chased by exultant Montreal fans right to the train as he left. In Ken Burns' documentary film Baseball, the narrator quotes Sam Maltin, a sports journalist with the Montreal Herald: "It was probably the only day in history that a black man ran from a white mob with love instead of lynching on its mind."

The Royals continued through the 1960 season, two years after the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles. On September 13, 1960, Dodgers President Walter O'Malley announced that due to weak attendance, the Dodgers were ending their 21-year affiliation with the team. While a new affiliation with the Minnesota Twins was arranged, efforts to keep the team in Montreal failed, and the franchise was relocated to Syracuse, New York for 1961, and became the Syracuse Chiefs. Montreal would gain an MLB team, the Expos, in 1969; "Royals" was suggested as a nickname for that team but was taken instead by the new American League club in Kansas City.

Titles
The Royals won the Governors' Cup, the championship of the IL, 7 times, and played in the championship series 11 times.

 * 1935 – Lost to Syracuse
 * 1941 – Defeated Newark
 * 1945 – Lost to Newark
 * 1946 – Defeated Syracuse
 * 1948 – Defeated Syracuse
 * 1949 – Defeated Buffalo
 * 1951 – Defeated Syracuse
 * 1952 – Lost to Rochester
 * 1953 – Defeated Rochester
 * 1954 – Lost to Syracuse
 * 1958 – Defeated Toronto

Notable former players

 * Sparky Anderson – Major League Hall of Famer
 * Joe Altobelli – World Series-winning manager
 * Roy Campanella – Major League Baseball Hall of Famer
 * Al Campanis – Major League scout and general manager
 * Roberto Clemente – Major League Hall of Famer
 * Chuck Connors – Major League first baseman and pinch-hitter
 * Tommy Davis – Major League outfielder and corner infielder
 * Don Drysdale – Major League Hall of Famer
 * Carl Erskine – Major League pitcher
 * George Gibson – Major League catcher and manager
 * Jim Gilliam – Major League infielder
 * Al Gionfriddo – Major League outfielder
 * Carl Furillo – Major League outfielder
 * Waite Hoyt – Major League Hall of Famer
 * Sam Jethroe – Negro league and Major League center fielder
 * Tommy Lasorda – Major League Hall of Famer
 * Van Lingle Mungo – Major League pitcher
 * Sam Nahem – Major League pitcher
 * Don Newcombe – Major League pitcher
 * Johnny Podres – Major League pitcher
 * Pete Reiser – Major League outfielder
 * Jackie Robinson – Major League Hall of Famer
 * John Roseboro – Major League catcher
 * Goody Rosen – Major League All Star outfielder
 * Schoolboy Rowe – Major League All Star pitcher
 * Duke Snider – Major League Hall of Famer
 * George Shuba - Major League outfielder
 * Bucky Walters – Major League pitcher
 * Dick Williams – Major League outfielder-third baseman and World-Series-winning manager

Most Valuable Pitcher
First Awarded in 1953

Rookie of the Year
First Awarded in 1950.

Triple Crown Winner
Given to the player who leads the league in Home Runs, Runs Batted In, and Batting Average

Notable media personnel

 * Charles Mayer – French language radio broadcaster

title: Montreal Royals


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marmy

Marmy was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Just a pet name, not encyclopedic. Exabyte (talk) 04:20, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I really think this falls under candidates for speedy deletion case number 5, once the unencyclopedic content is removed (i.e., everything after the first sentence). I therefore propose speedy deletion and early removal of this listing. -- Hadal 05:34, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Fine by me. Mackensen 05:35, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopedia material. I would support a speedy delete. - Chris 73 Talk 07:23, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Never heard of such term before. --*drew 07:32, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Gamaliel [[Image:Watchmensmiley20.gif]] 07:35, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Necrothesp 13:36, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:34, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marmy


text:
Quercus tomentella

Quercus tomentella, the island oak, island live oak, or Channel Island oak, is an oak in the section Protobalanus. It is native to six islands: five of the Channel Islands of California and Guadalupe Island, part of Baja California.

It is placed in Quercus section Protobalanus.

Description
Island oak is a tree growing up to 20 m in height. The mature tree has a grayish to reddish brown trunk with scaly, furrowed bark. The twigs are reddish and covered in woolly hairs. The leathery leaf blades are often concave and are an oblong lance shape or oval with pointed or rounded tips. The edges are smooth or toothed. The upper surfaces are dark green and lightly hairy when new, losing the hairs over time. The undersides are gray-green and coated in woolly hairs, becoming less woolly with age. They are usually 7 to 10 cm long, sometimes up to 12 cm. The acorn grows singly or in pairs. The cup has thick scales and woolly hairs and is up to 3 cm wide. The nut is up to 3.5 cm with a rounded tip.

Distribution and habitat
It is native to six islands: five of the Channel Islands of California (Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island) and Guadalupe Island, part of the State of Baja California.

This species is a relict. Though it is now limited to the islands, it was once widespread in mainland California, as evidenced by the many late Tertiary fossils of the species found there. Recently, it was found that there was a high genetic variability across many of the Q. tomentella populations, but this variation was not evenly distributed.

Ecology
Island oak hybridizes with canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis).

Conservation
The island oak was listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The species is threatened by overgrazing from nonnative ungulates. The most rapid declines have occurred on Guadalupe Island. The trees there are apparently no longer reproducing. Feral goats have been abundant on the island for at least 150 years. The animals have eliminated much of the native vegetation and caused extensive soil erosion. Fenced enclosures have been helpful in the early recovery of some of the local flora.

title: Quercus tomentella


text:
Talk:2004 Presidential Debate Transcripts

I think this article is much more appropriate for Wikisource than it is for Wikipedia. -- Hadal 04:21, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Rhizobia

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Pierrj. Peer reviewers: Ecoriam, Changla.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:08, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kzlatkin.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:08, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

This section needs an NPOV copyedit to remove terminology such as 'policing' and 'cheating'
==Feel free to add a note that some people object to these terms, if you can cite an example of such objection in a peer-reviewed journal. But they are widely used in the evolution-of-cooperation literature. A few of the examples from the first three months of 2010: Edwards,D.P.2010Can the failure to punish promote cheating in mutualism?; El Mouden,C.2010The enforcement of cooperation by policing; Jander,K.C.2010Host sanctions and pollinator cheating in the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism. These terms don't imply conscious decisions any more than "host recognition" (without cognition!) in the plant pathology literature does. ==

''The legume – rhizobium symbiosis is a classic example of mutualism — rhizobia supply ammonia or amino acids to the plant and in return receive organic acids (principally as the dicarboxylic acids malate and succinate) as a carbon and energy source — but its evolutionary persistence is actually somewhat surprising. Because several unrelated strains infect each individual plant, any one strain could redirect resources from nitrogen fixation to its own reproduction without killing the host plant upon which they all depend. But this form of cheating should be equally tempting for all strains, a classic tragedy of the commons. There are two competing hypotheses for the mechanism that maintains legume-rhizobium symbiosis. The sanctions hypothesis suggests that plants police cheating rhizobia. Sanctions could take the form of reduced nodule growth, early nodule death, decreased carbon supply to nodules, or reduced oxygen supply to nodules that fix less nitrogen. [5] The partner choice hypothesis proposes that the plant uses pre-nodulation signals from the rhizobia to decide whether to allow nodulation and chooses only non-cheating rhizobia. There is evidence in favor of sanctions, which shows that plants reduce the oxygen supply to nodules that fix less nitrogen. [6] However, other studies have found no evidence of plant sanctions and instead support the partner choice hypothesis.''

[7][8] Removed a paragraph added at the end that duplicates the main text and includes incorrect information. For example, it says the rhizobia make nitrate (they make ammonia) and says the plants take "some" (they take almost all) and that the benefit to rhizobia is protection from worms. The big benefit is carbohydrate -- someone edited this to "dicarboxylic acids as a C an energy source", which is an improvement -- which lets them reproduce up a millionfold inside the nodule.  Should Allorhizobium'' really be listed as a rhizobia genus?. It is well established that Allorhizobium lies within the Rhizobium clade. One such reference is:

YOUNG (J.M.), KUYKENDALL (L.D.), MARTÍNEZ -ROMERO (E.), KERR (A.) and SAWADA (H.): A revision of Rhizobium Frank 1889, with an emended description of the genus, and the inclusion of all species of Agrobacterium Conn 1942 and Allorhizobium undicola de Lajudie et al. 1998 as new combinations: Rhizobium radiobacter, R. rhizogenes, R. rubi, R. undicola and R. vitis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 89-103.

Additionally see the external link to rhizobia taxonomy. Also there is a valid change of the name Sinorhizobium to Ensifer, but this is still under contention by some taxonomists. I suggest we leave Sinorhizobium as is for now. Onco p53 00:37, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I also think this should be moved to rhizobia rather than rhizobium bacteria this better reflects what this page is about, not just the rhizobium genus, I'll leave it until late november when I get back from a conference in china. Unless there are objections. Onco p53 05:02, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

OK done the move now, I also changed a bunch of redirect pages Onco p53 11:12, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Regarding Enisfer, I'd recommend adding it at least in parentheses after "Sinorhizobium" as according to taxonomic rules this name takes precedence. Sinorhizobium is only still kept because Sinorhizobium-workers are fed up with yet another change in names. See: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2003 Nov;53(Pt 6):2107-10.

 * Could references (other than web pages) be inserted in this page?
 * In particular, the claims about Agrobacterium and its relatedness to to Rhizobium and other rhizobia are confusing. I have heard that they are closely related before. Postgate (1998:Nitrogen fixation, Cambridge Univ.) says that attempts to insert the N-fixing genes from Klebsiella into Agrobacterium do not result in N-fixing ability, although other bacteria have been so transformed. I couldn't find further references to this issue.--Satyrium 21:25, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge
From what I understand, the stub Rhizobacteria should probably be merged into Rhizobia or viceversa, depending on what term is more common.... --Squidonius (talk) 00:52, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Coral-Associated Rhizobia
This page should be updated to include recent scientific discoveries about the critical role of Rhizobia in fixing nitrogen within coral. The work by David Bourne's group at AIMS in Townsville is probably the best starting point here http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373029 This revision would also suggest all references to Rhizobia as 'soil bacteria' be changed within this wiki and associated wikis. Gregory Crocetti (talk) 13:31, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Merge Proposal - Rhizobium Inoculants
Existing page Rhizobium Inoculants could better be covered as a section on this page. --Haruth (talk) 16:23, 15 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support Selectively merging Rhizobium Inoculants into Rhizobia appears to be the logical course of action as the latter clearly isn't yet at the point where content forking would be necessary. Iaritmioawp (talk) 22:30, 15 February 2015 (UTC) ✅

title: Talk:Rhizobia


text:
Aerial Distributors

Aerial Distributors was a US aircraft manufacturer established in Wichita, Kansas in 1967. It set up to develop the Distributor Wing DWA-1, an unorthodox agricultural aircraft.

title: Aerial Distributors


text:
User talk:Moofdaddy

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Moofdaddy


text:
User talk:Madjon

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Madjon


text:
Richard Cole

Richard Cole (2 January 1946 – 2 December 2021) was an English music manager, who was involved in the rock music business from the mid-1960s to 2003. He is most known for having been the tour manager of English rock band Led Zeppelin from 1968 to 1980.

Early career
Cole was born in Kensal Rise, in the north London borough of Brent. His father was an architect who worked for Rolls-Royce vehicle design, and later in aircraft assembly during World War II. At the age of 12, Cole became interested in music after hearing Elvis Presley and The Everly Brothers. He left school aged 15, and from his first job, working at a dairy factory in Acton, earned enough money to purchase a drumkit, on which he practiced along with Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa records. The low wages forced Cole to take up an apprenticeship in sheet-metal working whilst also working as a scaffolder on construction sites. He was also very interested in the fashion industry, at one point harbouring plans to be a fashion designer, and he claimed to have designed the shirts worn by John Lennon and Ringo Starr on the Revolver album cover, and to have contributed to the album's graphics.

Cole was drawn into the music business after meeting Richard Green, journalist for the Record Mirror, at the Marquee Club in 1965. Green suggested that Cole contact John Barker, the manager of pop band Unit 4 + 2, for a job as their road manager. Barker gave Cole the job, and he soon became one of rock's most respected tour managers, working for The Who in 1965 and The New Vaudeville Band in 1966. In 1967 Cole moved to the United States and worked for Vanilla Fudge as a sound engineer. When he heard that The Yardbirds were coming to the US in 1968, he contacted their manager Peter Grant, whom he had previously known when Grant was the manager of the New Vaudeville Band, and became their tour manager. When The Yardbirds dissolved shortly thereafter, Grant and Cole became the manager and tour manager respectively of Led Zeppelin.

Led Zeppelin
Cole was one of the first tour managers to specialise in the American tours of English bands. Instead of hiring equipment in the United States and using an American crew to service the band, as was the custom until that point, Cole implemented the new practice of bringing over all the equipment and an entirely English crew. Cole claimed "I fucking reorganized that very sharply. I said 'Fuck that. Let's take our own equipment over there, wot we're used to working on'." This practice subsequently became commonplace for other bands touring the US.

On 23 December 1968, Cole booked Led Zeppelin into the Chateau Marmont on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles and later at the nearby Continental Hyatt House, also known as "The Riot House". Cole was also responsible for introducing groupies, some of whom he had known on previous tours with The Yardbirds and The Who, to members of the band.

Cole was responsible for collecting box office takings and keeping receipts on behalf of the band for Led Zeppelin concert tours. During Led Zeppelin's final show at Madison Square Garden in New York in July 1973 during their 1973 North American tour, more than US$203,000 disappeared from a safe deposit box at the Drake Hotel. The police at first suspected Cole as being responsible for the theft. Cole was entrusted with the key to the safe deposit box at the time of the theft and he was the first person at the scene to discover that the money was unaccounted for. He took a lie detector test and was cleared of any involvement. The money was never recovered, and neither Cole nor anyone associated with Led Zeppelin was ever charged. The Drake Hotel was later sued over the incident.

In 1977, manager Peter Grant gave his approval for Cole to hire John Bindon to act as security co-ordinator for the band's concert tour of the United States. Bindon had previously provided security for actors Ryan and Tatum O'Neal. Towards the end of the tour, a major incident occurred during a concert at the Oakland Coliseum on 23 July 1977. Upon arrival at the stadium, it was alleged that Bindon pushed a member of promoter Bill Graham's stage crew out of the way as the band entered via a backstage ramp. Tension had been simmering between Graham's staff and Led Zeppelin's security team during the day, and as Grant and Bindon were walking down the ramp near the end of the concert, words were exchanged with stage crew chief Jim Downey, which resulted in Bindon knocking Downey out cold.

Within minutes a separate off-stage incident, involving Graham's security man Jim Matzorkis (who was accused of slapping Peter Grant's 11-year-old son Warren over the removal of a dressing room sign), escalated into an all-out brawl in which Matzorkis was brutally beaten. Led Zeppelin's second Oakland show took place only after Bill Graham signed a letter of indemnification, absolving Led Zeppelin from responsibility for the previous night's incident. However, Graham refused to honour the letter, and assault charges were laid against Grant, Cole, Bindon, and John Bonham when the band arrived back at their hotel. All four pleaded nolo contendere and received suspended sentences. Bindon was dismissed by Grant and returned to England. Grant later stated that allowing Bindon to be hired was the biggest mistake he ever made as manager.

Whilst tour manager for Led Zeppelin, Cole developed substance abuse problems. He was fired from his position as road manager for Led Zeppelin's final concert tour of Europe in 1980 because Peter Grant was concerned about his drug and alcohol abuse, and was replaced by Phil Carlo. Sent to Italy to detox, Cole was mistaken for a terrorist involved in the 1980 Bologna railway station bombing and was temporarily imprisoned.

Post-Led Zeppelin
After the end of his involvement with Led Zeppelin, Cole served as the tour manager for Eric Clapton, Black Sabbath, Lita Ford, Ozzy Osbourne, Edan Everly, Black Uhuru, and Three Dog Night, managed Fem 2 Fem and, most recently, toured with Gipsy Kings, Crazy Town and Fu Manchu. According to his publisher HarperCollins, he divided his time between Venice, California, and London.

Contributions to published accounts
Following Led Zeppelin's breakup in 1980, Cole contributed to unofficial Led Zeppelin biographies, most infamously Stephen Davis' biography Hammer of the Gods. Cole claimed he was only paid $1250 by Davis for his revelations, which make up a large proportion of the book. Davis for his part has claimed that Cole "was responsible for much of the mayhem around Led Zeppelin."

In an interview with New Musical Express magazine in 1985, Robert Plant dismissed many of the claims made by Cole in Davis' book, and discussed why Cole was removed as tour manager:

"These stories would filter out from girls who'd supposedly been in my room when in fact they'd been in his. That sort of atmosphere was being created, and we were quite tired of it. So eventually we relieved him of his position ... And in the meantime he got paid a lot of money for talking crap. A lot of the time he wasn't completely ...well. And so his view of things was permanently distorted one way or another."

Cole also wrote his own book, an unofficial account of the band called Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored, with Richard Trubo. Cole's book raised the ire of Jimmy Page, who once commented:

"There's a book written by our former road manager, Richard Cole that has made me completely ill. I'm so mad about it that I can't even bring myself to read the whole thing. The two bits that I have read are so ridiculously false, that I'm sure if I read the rest I'd be able to sue Cole and the publishers. But it would be so painful to read that it wouldn't be worth it."

Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones expressed similar views about Cole's reliability, stating in a magazine interview that Cole's accounts are "a mish-mash of several stories put together, usually with the wrong endings and making us look like miserable bastards rather than the funsters we were." Jones was so incensed at the depiction of John Bonham in Cole's book Stairway to Heaven that he decided never to speak to Cole again. In an interview with PR-Inside online magazine, Jones also claimed when he had once asked Cole about why he'd exaggerated the group's behaviour for that book, Cole explained that "he'd been a drug addict who needed the money".

Despite the bitterness felt by Plant, Page, and Jones about their former road manager, Cole was invited to the VIP section of the Led Zeppelin reunion in 2007.

Death
Cole died at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital on 2 December 2021, at the age of 75 after a battle with cancer.

References in popular culture
Cole can be seen in several scenes of Led Zeppelin's concert film, The Song Remains the Same (1976).

title: Richard Cole


text:
User talk:Perfection

EAT SHIT --Perfection (talk) 03:48, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

THELASTONE36 WAS HERE thelastone36 (talk) 19:56, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Hi, I'm Perfection
I like robots, and Wikipedia, but robots more.

--Perfection 03:08, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Arr! -- LightSpectra (talk) 20:50, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

User:Perfection/Sandbox

Welcome
Hello, Perfection, why not add info on robots? Or create a robots category here?

Welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome!--Jondel 02:55, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Sorry about the links
Hi again! They should work this time. :Languages of the Philippines and Edgar Cayce on Karma, also Henry the Black, Spanish in the Philippines, Chavacano language, contributions to Philippine English, Aswang, Michael Kearney, contributions to Child Prodigy, WiMax, Mental Calculation,How to learn a language and Original wikipedia etc.--Jondel 01:10, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

- CFC sucks - Bill3000 21:33, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Removal of information on the CFC page
Recently the CFC page was up deletion and complete removal from Wikipedia. The nosy busy-bodies who thought CFC was only a fan-site and thus wasn't good enough for a Wiki page demanded third-party evidence that CFC had any influence outside of the CFC site. The TeamCFC folding@home entry was cited as one of the notable, verifiable external influences of CFC. As none of us want to see the CFC page removed from Wikipedia could you please leave that entry there so that next time the Wikipolice want to eliminate the page they will hopefully see CFC's notability and go on to bother someone else instead. Thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.1.20.239 (talk) 00:07, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Your beer is served
Markovich292 23:18, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Enjoy
Try not to be so perfect and you'll enjoy things better! --Jondel (talk) 12:05, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Albert Tsai

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Albert Tsai requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, a "See also" section, book references, category tags, template tags, interwiki links, images, a rephrasing of the title, a question that should have been asked at the help or reference desks, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. RegistryKey(RegEdit) 05:03, 19 May 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Albert Tsai

A tag has been placed on Albert Tsai requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator. Gbawden (talk) 14:04, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Perfection


text:
Brotherhood of the Wolf

Brotherhood of the Wolf (Le Pacte des loups) is a 2001 French period action horror film directed by Christophe Gans, co-written by Gans and Stéphane Cabel, and starring Samuel Le Bihan, Mark Dacascos, Émilie Dequenne, Monica Bellucci and Vincent Cassel. The story takes place in 18th-century France, where the Chevalier de Fronsac and Mani of the Iroquois tribe are sent to investigate the mysterious slaughter of hundreds by an unknown creature in the county of Gévaudan.

The plot is loosely based on a real-life series of killings that took place in France in the 18th century and the famous legend of the beast of Gévaudan; parts of the film were shot at Château de Roquetaillade. The film has several extended swashbuckling fight scenes, with martial arts performances by the cast mixed in, making it unusual for a historical drama. The special effects for the creature are a combination of computer generated imagery, as well as puppetry and animatronics designed by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.

The film received generally positive critical reviews, highlighting its high production values, cinematography, performances and Gans's atmospheric direction. At a $29 million budget, it was a commercial success, grossing over $70 million in worldwide theatrical release. The film also became the sixth-highest-grossing French-language film of all time in the United States, and it also became one of the biggest international successes for French-language films.

The film's 4K restored "Director's Cut" version premiered in the Official Selection of 2022 Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
During the French Revolution, Marquis d'Apcher writes his memoirs in his castle. He recounts his experiences in 1764, when a mysterious beast terrorized the county, or historical area, of Gévaudan. Grégoire de Fronsac, a knight and the royal naturalist of King Louis XV of France, and his Iroquois companion Mani, arrive to capture the beast. Fronsac becomes interested in Marianne de Morangias, the daughter of a local count, whose brother, Jean-François, was also an avid hunter and a world traveller, whose arm was mangled and rendered useless while overseas. Fronsac is also intrigued by Sylvia, an Italian courtesan at the local brothel.

While investigating another victim, Fronsac finds a fang made of steel. A traumatized child witness swears that the beast is controlled by what seems to be a human master. As the investigation proves unfruitful, the king's weapons master, Lord de Beauterne, arrives to put an end to the beast, and Fronsac is sent back to Paris. He realizes that the beast is actually an instrument of a secret society: The Brotherhood of the Wolf, which is working to undermine public confidence in the king and ultimately take over the country. Back in Gévaudan, the attacks by the real beast continue, and Fronsac returns to put an end to the beast's killings. At a secret rendezvous with Marianne, they are attacked by the beast, where it mysteriously refrains from attacking her.

Fronsac, Mani, and a young Marquis set out into the forest and set up an array of traps to capture the beast; it is severely injured but escapes. Mani sets off alone in pursuit, where he finds a catacomb used as the beast's holding pen, inhabited by the Brotherhood. Outnumbered, Mani is shot and killed. Fronsac discovers Mani's body and performs an autopsy, finding a silver bullet— Jean-François' signature choice of ammunition. In a fit of rage, a vengeful Fronsac goes to the catacombs and slaughters many members, but is overpowered by the local authorities and imprisoned.

Sylvia visits him in jail and reveals that she is a spy for the Holy See. She explains that Henri Sardis, the local priest and leader of the Brotherhood, believes that he is restoring worship of God to France. Pope Clement XIII has decided that Sardis is insane, and has sent her to eliminate him. She then poisons Fronsac, saying that he knows too much. Meanwhile, Jean-François comes to Marianne's room and reveals to her that he is the beast's master; it recognized his scent on her when it came near her, which is why it did not attack. He then rapes her when she rejects his advances.

Sylvia's agents exhume Fronsac, who had not been killed but merely put into a temporary coma, and he appears at one of the Brotherhood's sermons. He kills several members, including Jean-François, who reveals that he had regained use of his supposedly mangled arm. Sardis escapes into the mountains, but is mauled to death by a pack of wolves. Fronsac and the Marquis go to the beast's lair, where it lies severely wounded. It turns out that the beast was a lion that Jean-François brought back from Africa as a cub that was tortured into becoming vicious and trained to wear spiked metal armor. Fronsac takes pity and kills the beast in an act of mercy.

Marquis d'Apcher finishes writing his account just before he is led to his execution by a revolutionary mob. He states that he doesn't know what happened to Fronsac and Marianne after the death of the beast; but he hopes that somewhere, they are happy together. A final scene shows Fronsac and Marianne sailing on a ship named Frère Loup— Brother Wolf.

Cast

 * Samuel Le Bihan as Knight Grégoire de Fronsac
 * Vincent Cassel as Jean-François de Morangias
 * Émilie Dequenne as Marianne de Morangias
 * Monica Bellucci as Sylvia
 * Jérémie Renier as Marquis Thomas d'Apcher
 * Jacques Perrin as older Thomas d'Apcher / Narrator
 * Mark Dacascos as Mani
 * Jean Yanne as Count de Morangias
 * Jean-François Stévenin as Father Henri Sardis
 * Édith Scob as Countess Geneviève de Morangias
 * Johan Leysen as Antoine de Beauterne
 * Bernard Farcy as Intendant Pièrre-Jean Laffont
 * Hans Meyer as Marquis d'Apcher
 * Philippe Nahon as Jean Chastel
 * Gaspard Ulliel as Louis
 * Nicolas Vaude as Maxime des Forêts
 * Virginie Darmon as La Bavarde
 * Eric Prat as Captain Duhamel
 * Jean-Loup Wolff as Duke Gontrand de Moncan
 * Dee Bradley Baker as Beast vocal effects

Critical reception
Brotherhood of the Wolf garnered mostly positive reviews, with a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 119 reviews with the consensus stating: "Brotherhood of the Wolf mixes its genres with little logic, but the end result is wildly entertaining." whereas on Metacritic it accumulated a score of 57 from mixed reviews. The usage of various cinematographic techniques employed by Christophe Gans, the fight sequences, the atmosphere and particularly the performance of Marc Dacascos as the native-American Mani attracted particularly strong praise.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded it with a 3/4-star rating, describing the film as resembling "an explosion at the genre factory", though he added: "I would be lying if I did not admit that this is all, in its absurd and overheated way, entertaining." James Berardinelli of ReelViews also rated the movie three stars out of four, saying that it "has something in it to appeal to just about everyone" and that it is "daring in its approach and successful in its result – assuming the result is to provide pure entertainment to the viewer." Michael Atkinson of Village Voice wrote "It's easily the most disarming and inventive movie made for genre geeks in years." Harry Knowles of Ain't It Cool News wrote that this film is "exciting, alluring and thrilling", whereas Empire gave the film a three-star rating out of five stating that "An undeniably handsome creation, but its excessive length and surplus of directorial flourishes merely exacerbate the emptiness of an initially promising plot". Lisa from Variety gave a positive review mentioning that "a little Sergio Leone here, a little Sleepy Hollow there and, uh, martial arts-style confrontations are all deftly melded in Brotherhood of the Wolf, an attempt to elucidate the French urban legend of the Beast of Gevaudan. This is a home-grown French actioner that wears its sincere desire to entertain on its flamboyantly tailored sleeve".

The blend of various movie genres, such as martial arts, mystery, costume drama and horror attracted certain amounts of criticism. In particular, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote "This new take on horror is more of the bloody same", whereas Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post said that it is "a mad agglomeration of styles and traditions that ultimately results in nothing so much as a mad agglomeration of styles and traditions".

Joan Dupont of The New York Times labelled Brotherhood of the Wolf as a "cult" film.

Box office
The film was one of the biggest box office hits for 2001 in France, grossing an estimated $24 million. The film also enjoyed commercial success in the United States; Universal Pictures paid $2 million to acquire the film's North American distribution rights and went on to gross $11.3 million in limited theatrical release, making it the sixth-highest-grossing French-language film of all time in the United States (behind Amelie, La Cage aux Folles, Z, A Man and a Woman and Emmanuelle ). The film also did brisk video and DVD sales in the United States. Gans said that the film's United States release was a great success. On the other hand, the film was also number one at the Italian box office for two weeks. Overall, the film grossed $70 million in worldwide box office against $29 million production budget.

Alternate versions
There are three distinct and very different versions of the film:

 * The original French/US theatrical cut, running 143 minutes (sometimes listed as 142 minutes).
 * The UK cut, running 139 minutes, released on home video in the UK and Australia; in this version, all the scenes involving the Royal Hunter Beauterne are removed and some scenes from "Director's Cut" are added in.
 * The "Director's Cut", running 150 minutes (sometimes listed as 152 minutes), released on home video in France and Canada in 2002, and later in the US and other territories.

In the United States, Universal Pictures originally released the 143 minute theatrical cut on DVD & VHS, on 1 October 2002. Focus Features released a two-disc, special-edition DVD containing the "Director's Cut" on 26 August 2008. Shout! Factory released the "Brotherhood of the Wolf [Collector's Edition]" 4K & Blu-ray version with a runtime of 151 minutes on 23 May 2023.

Awards

 * Won
 * 2001 Cabourg Romantic Film Festival: Best New Actress (Émilie Dequenne)
 * 2001 Sitges Film Festival: Grand Prize of European Fantasy Film in Silver (Christophe Gans)
 * 2002 César Awards: Best Costume Design (Dominique Borg)
 * 2003 Home Entertainment Awards (held by Video Software Dealers Association): Foreign Language Title of the Year (Universal Studios Home Entertainment)

 * Nominations
 * 2001 European Film Awards: Best Director (Audience Award)-(Christophe Gans)
 * 2002 International Horror Guild Award: Best Horror Film
 * 2002 César Awards: Best Music Written for a Film (Joseph LoDuca), Best Production Design (Guy-Claude François), Best Sound (Cyril Holtz and Jean-Paul Mugel).
 * 2002 Saturn Award: Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film, Best Costume (Dominique Borg), Best Director (Christophe Gans), Best Music (Joseph LoDuca), Best Special Effects (Arthur Windus, Val Wardlaw, Hal Bertram, Nick Drew and Seb Caudron), Best Supporting Actor (Mark Dacascos), Best Supporting Actress (Monica Bellucci), Best Writing (Stéphane Cabel and Christophe Gans).

title: Brotherhood of the Wolf