text:
User talk:Ifdef

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 15:37, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Lithuanian-Polish disagreements on Wikipedia
Rather than try to figure out which talk page is most appropriate, I'm going to write my thoughts here and possibly put pointers to this page on some article talk pages.

I've learned a lot from Wikipedia. Among other things, I've learned a lot about the history of Poland and of Lithuania. This is relevant to me, because I am of Lithuanian ancestry, even though I was born in Canada and have lived all of my life here (except for a 7-month stretch in 1992, where I took my family to Vilnius so that the kids would learn the language of their ancestors better -- difficult to do at home, because my wife is not Lithuanian and has not learned the language well enough to be comfortable speaking it to the children).

I am also very interested in medieval European history, although I don't really know much about it yet.

For context, I should also mention that I am in my late 40's. My education was in nuclear engineering, but I have been working on software since I graduated. I currently work on embedded real time operating systems.

I have been disturbed and disappointed by what looks like childish behaviour on the various Wikipedia pages related to Lithuania, specifically the ones on Vilnius, on Lithuania, and on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. What seems to be happening is that one side or the other side sees bias and perhaps even slander in how the articles are written. It appears that the Lithuanians change the text, and the Poles change it back, and the whole thing just keeps repeating. Comments appear in talk pages about how people should be sent to gas chambers. There seems to be no attempt at discussion, or, where there is, the tone of it is bitter, calling people liars and even worse names. In one case, possibly due to what I wrote, one of the people involved in these edit wars attempted to set forth some reasons for his point of view. His tone was belligerent, but I thought it was better than pure cursing and name-calling. But the response was to chop down and dismiss his words, which probably did not do much to encourage him to try that approach again.

 * Ifdef, It's a long piece of text that you've written here, let me address the respective paragraphs inline. Somehow I feel disappointed with your view of the situation presented above. It does not matter whether the vandal is Lithuanian, Polish, Russian or whatever. It's the way that he behaves that makes this situation. And it's not a dispute between Poles and Lithuanians - it's a number of wikipedia users (unsuccessfully) attempting to handle a situation, where a single anonymous user tries to terrorize the rest, ignores the discussion and repeatedly forces his changes. The contents of these changes does not matter as much as the way in which they are introduced, which is completely against the wikipedia spirit. In your paragraph above you see that "Lithuanians" (note plural) change the text and then Poles change it back. Take a closer look and see that this "Lithuanians" guy among his minor changes is deleting valid wikipedia contents without any consensus to do so. You write that there seems to be no attempt at discussion. Look at the history of the Talk:Vilnius page to see how many times this person was asked to discuss his concerns. Both by numerous Poles and Lithuanians. All the "gas chambers", "liars", "nazi" and such names originate from a single source - our anonymous vandal, who succeeded in making the discussion page a mess within few days. No wonder it's hard to recognize who said what now as he does not sign many of his texts and edits other people's comments. The only time that he appeared (probably because of what you wrote to him) as willing to join any sensible discussion, he started by addressing "to polish chauvinistess" and finished by threatening that if anyone does not agree with his edits, he'll continue to force them anyway (which he does). Do you see it as a way to discuss things or reach consensus ? Anyway, I don't think there's any Polish-Lithuanian conflict, the discussion on these pages has been quite civilised until this anonymous vandal appeared. Believe me, I have many Lithuanian friends and do not remember encountering such a vicious and nationalistic approach. For a moment I even suspected that this was a purposeful provocation in order to discredit Lithuanian POV. Now I think it's just some kid playing with us in his spare time. Wojsyl 07:28, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ditto. I'll add my two cents: there are lots of sensible Lithuanian wikipedia users around here and we've been collaborating successfully in the past, without any serious conflicts, be it with Poles, Lithuanians, Belarusians or whomever. Halibutt 07:47, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, I ABSOLUTELY agree with you about methods and about the language used, and also about who is using those methods and that language. I was just trying to express a neutral POV here. :-) I have been making the same point in English and in Lithuanian on the Lithuania talk page, namely that the vandalism is not only extremely offensive but, perhaps more significantly from the vandal's point of view, it doesn't accomplish his purpose: it makes him look childish, he makes enemies, the changes get reverted anyway and, because he has expressed no *reasons* for his changes, nobody is convinced, and nobody is even likely to consider his opinion seriously.

 * However, I detect in the tone of his posts a certain desperation: "I keep correcting the facts and they keep erasing my work. I have complained to the administration, but they don't answer." I don't know how seriously to take this.

 * I guess that, in my experience of consensus-building, I've found that it is important for people to feel heard. When one feels listened to, even if not agreed with, one is less likely to resort to vandalism (unless, of course, one's purpose was just vandalism in the first place).  Of course, calling people names and using real and implied threats is a very bad way to get anybody to listen to you.
 * Ifdef 12:45, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I just re-read Talk:Lithuania, and it seems like there are quite a few Lithuanians taking issue with various issues which seem to have a Polish POV. Both tamulis and Linas seem to agree with Arturas, although they do not use vandalism or call people names, nor do they believe that the facts are presented in a biased manner deliberately.

I think I will just excuse myself now, and let you guys settle it among yourselves. I know less about the subjects involved than the other participants. Ifdef 17:09, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Examples
Let's look at a few examples.

Terrible occupation
Vinius was the capital of Lithuania from medieval times. I think this was both before and after Jogaila became the king of Poland. However, in the early years of the 20th century, it appears that many or most of the inhabitants of the region were Polish-speaking, and voted to be part of Poland rather than Lithuania. I don't know how this demographic came about, as Wikipedia doesn't seem to have an explanation :-) However, it appears that the Polish army implemented this decision.  From the point of view of the Poles, it was no doubt a liberation.  From the point of view of the Lithuanians, it was an invasion.

So how can this be explained from a Neutral Point Of View? Writing about the "terrible occupation" is not neutral. Writing that "Lithuania did not accept that Vilnius is a part of Poland" seems no better. It is interesting to read this rhetoric, but it's not exactly what I want from an encyclopedia.

 * I could not agree more. It's inappropriate to write about "glorious liberation" or "terrible occupation" in the article. Let's stick to the barebone facts. But this is how it was actually phrased in the first place. Wojsyl 07:59, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Just referring to Vilnius as a part of Poland is a Polish POV. What is de jure a part of which country is a concept even more slippery than that of sovereignty (de facto is easy enough, usually).  Just like ethnicity, especially in that region (as was actually pointed out on some page I read within the last few days).  But usually the disputed regions have names of their own, such as Suvalkai, by which they can be referred to without calling them "eastern Lithuania" vs "the Suvalkai region of Poland", even if you feel that that is the *proper* name (Arturai, if you're reading this, this is directed at you).
 * Ifdef 12:45, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that any reasonable person would doubt that Vilnius is a Lithuanian city. Poles don't claim that it's a Polish city under Lithuanian occupation or such. On the other hand for centuries it used to be Polish by ethnicity. Vilnius and the area around (which is called "Wilenszczyzna" in Polish) used to be extremely important for Polish culture and no wonder there are still many sentiments and nostalgia about this in Poland. This however has not much to do with nationalism. Overall I believe that there's much more sympathy among Poles towards Lithuanians than the other way round. Sometimes Poles are quite surprised and shocked when confronted with national hostility from a nation that they consider as their "brothers". Luckily this is not happening frequently nowadays. Wojsyl 13:36, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

(con)federation
Similarly, there is a question about whether the PLC was a "federation" or a "confederation", where it appears that the difference between these where the "sovereignty" lies: in a confederation, the individual states are sovereign and the union is a supra-national association; in a federation, the union forms the sovereign state, and the components are more like provinces or regions. It appears to be important to the Poles to make sure that the PLC is referred to as a "federation", i.e. one state with constituent parts, and to the Lithuanians to emphasize that Lithuania was still sovereign during this time and not just a part of greater Poland. This is more than just a question of facts, it is a very emotional issue, related to one's feelings about national identity.

But sovereignty seems to me to be a philosophical concept, not unlike the question of "substance" in medieval philosophy. It's related, perhaps, to whether the unit has the right to secede from the union. But even the question of "right" is kind of vague. In theory, the southern states had the right to secede from the United States, but the US civil war prevented them from doing so. I'm sure the Russian army would have done the same to any of the Soviet republics that sought to exercise their similar "rights" (as a matter of fact, they did do so). Or, in the late 18th century, the PLC itself was an independent state, yet the Russian army on its borders ensured that the Sejm made the "proper" decisions.

Can the political situation in the PLC be explained in any way that acknowledges what the situation was, yet without making anybody feel bad about how it is explained? Or, to put it another way (forgive me!), acknowledges that Lithuania did not have the independence it once had, but without rubbing everybody's nose in it?

 * Any idea how this could be phrased ? Anyway, PLC was a voluntarily union of two equal nations. It was not Polish occupation of Lithuania or vice-versa. Nothing was enforces. I believe that in these times both Poles and Lithuanias were happy and proud of the PLC. Or look at the insurrections of 19th century, where Poles and Lithuanians fought hand-in-hand for the independence of PLC. I think that these were later tsarist and then soviet intelligence and propaganda actions that attempeted (so successfully) to present Poles as enemies of Lithuanians. All this nationalistic fuss started only in 20th century. And it's likely that these actions are continued even today with KGB trying to win Polish minority in Lithuania against Lithuanians. It's so disappointing that people are so easy to manipulate with their nationalism. Wojsyl 07:59, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The more I read about history, the more shocked I am at the distortions that have been presented as fact, to the detriment of the Poles. And, as you say, most of this distortion was probably deliberate, by Russia, in either its imperial or its Soviet form.  Interesting, isn't it, how most western history books don't mention much, if anything, about how Poland-Lithuania was a major world power in medieval times, how the May 3 Constitution achieved by bloodless means what was done in such a bloody fashion in France, how Poland-Lithuania was a shining example of religious tolerance throughout the Middle Ages (contrary to almost all the rest of Europe), or how the Polish people were betrayed in WW II.  I find, of course, that the people of Lithuania now (or at least, 12 years ago), have grown up being taught about how those Lithuanians that left for the West during WW II were all fascists, and that the resistance fighters who continued their clandestine fight until the 1950's were terrorists, but of course I don't take any of that seriously because I know it's only propaganda.
 * Ifdef 12:45, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I hope that in countries with history like Lithuania or Poland people were taught never to believe what they are told to. In fact people may be more prone to nationalistic propaganda nowadays, when they are less alert on what they're told. Again, I do not have anything against Russian people, but to me they always seemed quite naive in a way (I'm generalizing, I know), e.g. believing in the 1980s that Soviet economy is stressed because they have to economically support disobedient Poland. Wojsyl 13:45, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lithuanian POV
For any Poles reading this, consider the following view of history. I'm not saying you have to agree with it, or even that it is factually correct (not that I'm saying that it is incorrect), but only that it is a point of view, and a point of view that probably more than one person has. Think of it as a difficult-to-undertand point of view, but which will colour how some people will read your words, whether they are right or wrong.

In this view, Jogaila was a traitor. He was willing to give up the independence of his own country for the personal glory of becoming a king (yes, maybe military alliances had something to do with it as well). He broke the co-operation that his father Algirdas and his uncle Kestutis had, when they ruled Lithuania together. Vytautas, Jogaila's cousin, was the great Lithuanian leader of Jogaila's time, ruling over a land that stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea, and even taking an army up to the gates of Moscow once. Vytautas was the military genius of the battle of Zalgiris/Tannenberg/Grunwald, retreating to draw the forces of the Teutonic Order in to where they were outflanked by Jogaila's army and ambushed. Vytautas would have been crowned king of Lithuania, except that the papal emissaries bringing the crown were ambushed by the Poles, and the crown was stolen. A second crown was sent, but Vytautas died before it reached him.

In this view, the theme running through the history of Poland and Lithuania is the gradual loss of Lithuanian glory and independence, from being part of a personal union with Poland, through the Union of Lublin, to the final indignity of being made part of the Russian empire. The Lithuanian nobility may have started out as the local war leaders (isn't that how nobility got started everywhere in the world?); they were generally pagans, following the traditions of their ancestors, but they were tolerant of the religions of the subjects they ruled, and often the ones ruling Belorusan and Ukrainian lands became Orthodox Christians. Of course, later the majority of them became Catholic. However, they, too, started putting their personal love of luxury ahead of the interests of their country, until eventually they identified much more closely with the Polish nobility (i.e. the others of their class) than with their countrymen. They forgot that they were Lithuanians. This love of luxury (of all of the nobles of the PLC) ended up crippling the country, as the nobles refused to either fight or to pay taxes to support the army, which is part of how Russia ended up conquering the PLC. During the difficult times of the Russian occupation, the peasants were the ones who kept the Lithuanian language and traditions alive. Mothers taught their children to read Lithuanian at home, using books smuggled in by brave book-runners from Prussia. Then, towards the end of the 19th century, when there was a rebirth of national consciousness, the nobles did nothing to help, and it was the peasants who ended up rebuilding Lithuania in the years after WW I.

This may not have been entirely factually correct, but it is the national story, the legend, the myth, the point of view which colours how one interprets history. Or, at least, it is how I always understood it. There's more (mostly about what happened earlier), but this gives you the gist of it. If you contradict this legend, even with facts to back you up, you can expect a strong emotional reaction. If you want to avoid people accusing you of falsifying history and vandalizing your writing, even more important than having facts, you need a way of explaining them that saves face and keeps the legend intact.

 * Just a small sidenote before I have enough time to address your comment above: you might want to take a look at Ethnic composition of Central Lithuania. Halibutt 07:50, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand and respect the above view of history, even if I do not share it. The article is attempted to present a NPOV. If there are any pieces that you feel that violate it, please point them out and discuss them :-). Wojsyl 08:58, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course :-) Hey, I'm not the one who has resorted to vandalism.  I'm just trying to present what I think might be his point of view.  Of course, it's difficult to speak for someone who does not engage in civil discussion.  I suppose that, if I had realized that all of the different IP addresses were probably the same "Arturas from Vilnius", maybe I would have left him to speak for himself.

 * I guess, though, I wanted to argue for attempting to understand his view even if, as you say, you do not share it. An analogy might help here (or it might blow up in my face, but I'll try it anyway):  If you were absolutely convinced that historical evidence showed that Jesus Christ was the illegitimate son of Mary and a Roman soldier who raped her, yet still, when talking to a Catholic, you might want to think extremely carefully about how you phrased it.  Just stating it as a "fact" on a Wikipedia page would FOR SURE get a strong emotional reaction, EVEN IF you had all the evidence you could want.  Of course, it would be better to discuss it, but nobody would find it surprising if the "fact" was changed by some hot-headed person to something equally unacceptable to (hypothetical) you.

 * Okay, I just re-read what I wrote, and I realize that it's offensive. Sorry.  I know that you are trying to present a NPOV here, and are open to correction.

 * Hey, Arturai, if I am totally misrepresenting your point of view, come over here and discuss it yourself like an intelligent person, instead of vandalizing the Wikipedia. If you have something to say, this is the ONLY way that will work!  Making changes without discussion will only get you banned (if you aren't already banned) and your changes will be erased anyway.  You are wasting your time doing anything else, besides making a bad reputation for yourself.  Discussion is the ONLY way you will be able to achieve your goals (unless your goal really is just vandalism).

 * Yeah, I know, it probably won't help. He doesn't participate in discussions.

 * Ifdef 12:45, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ifdef, again, thanks for sharing the "Lithuanian POV" above. In the meantime, do you see any things in the article that are wrong or incorrectly phrased ? I know it could benefit from some better grammar and removing some redundancy, but thought this could wait until things cool down a bit. Wojsyl 07:16, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I don't see anything wrong there. As a matter of fact, I think I sound kind of ignorant in what I've written above. :-)
 * What is considered proper Wikipedia etiquette? Can I delete my talk page after the discussion has died down and a decent time has passed?

 * I think there are different approaches. I you ask my opinion, I would leave this online for a while, in case this proves useful. At least leaving it would not do any harm. Then either archive it as a subpage of your "talk" page, or leave and forget or delete. It might also be useful to copy/archive parts of the discussion here to the Talk:Lithuania page in order to save others repeating the same discussion elsewhere. For now I would certainly leave it for some time but it's up to you.

 * Looking back at what Arturas last wrote on the Lithuania talk page:
 * 1) Vilnius: Regardless of the ethnic composition of the population in and around Vilnius, Lithuanians feel about it similarly to how Israelis feel about Jerusalem. Actually, the similarities in the situations are striking. I guess we need to remember both that "Vilnius is a Lithuanian city" (and the capital of Lithuania) and that "for centuries it used to be Polish by ethnicity" (and that the inhabitants wanted to be part of Poland).  I guess, over there, where there is more history than geography (as compared to North America), that sort of situation happens a lot. :-)
 * 2) (May 3 Constitution) and 3) (Confederation vs federation): Both of these seem to be related to the question of sovereignty during the PLC. Sort of saying "no, we were not assimilated, we were still a sovereign nation." I wonder if insisting on this is a reaction to being told at some time something like "you were a part of us", instead of seeing it as "PLC was a voluntary union of two equal nations".  But in any case, since the Lithuanian nobles did end up speaking Polish and seeing themselves as Poles, it did end up being a kind of assimilation.  But I don't have the historical knowledge to argue either way about what the specific laws were. Given the definitions and my limited knowledge of the situation, it seems to me that "federation" is probably more accurate.
 * 4)Lithuanian empire vs. multi-ethnic state. It's probably true that Mindaugas "united in one state ONLY Lithuanian dukes", and that the Lithuanian dukes ruled the Ukrainian and Belorusian lands.  But (a) I don't think it was really any kind of "conquering", it was more a question of whether each city wanted to be allied with Vilnius as opposed to, say, Moscow, and (b) it's questionable whether the dukes were any more Lithuanian (after they converted to Orthodoxy, and after generations of intermarriage) than the other people of those lands, who probably also considered themselves Lithuanian, or whatever that meant at the time.
 * Ifdef 12:48, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it's all matter of certain delicacy. Regarding (4) - I have removed the "Lithuanian and Belorusian" wording altogether for now, I think this way it'll be easier to accept for everyone. Personally I doubt if there were any Belorusians at that time. Rather northern Ruthenians, who incidentally also called themselves "Litvin"s even if they were Slavs. I believe that nationality in 13th century had quite different meaning than today. Though I don't consider this any tremendously important issue anyway.

 * Overall, thanks for your involvement and mediation attempt. I'm afraid that some Lithuanians, like Linas got scared off by all these recent nervous actions. Hopefully they'll be able to come back to discussion after some days if things remain calm. All this recent vandalism and reverts have done quite a lot of harm but I'm glad this did not go any further and that none of the Poles responded by similar ethnic slurs and names and that it did not escalate into a Polish/Lithuanian conflict which we don't really need.
 * Wojsyl 19:00, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

History of Vilnius
Labas. If you have some time, I'd like to invite you to take a look at User:Wojsyl/History_of_Vilnius page. This is a copy of the history section of the protected Vilnius page. I hope we could discuss its content there at User_talk:Wojsyl/History_of_Vilnius in order to have more NPOV article. I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but just for completeness: first discuss, then edit. Wojsyl 18:34, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

If you do not mind, I would copy our little discussion here (or more relevant fragments) to Talk:Lithuania page. I think especialy your explanation of "Lithuanian POV" could give a good perspective there. This could also help avoiding the same discussion there in the future. But I would not do it without your consent (or you can do it youself ?) Wojsyl 09:49, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Feel free to do so. I say this with some fear, but if you feel that it will be helpful at all, go ahead. Ifdef 11:53, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ifdef


text:
List of people executed in New York

This list of people executed in New York gives the names of some of the people executed in New York, both before and after statehood in the United States (including as New Amsterdam), as well as the person's date of execution, method of execution, and the name of the Governor of New York at the date of execution. 1963 marked the last execution in New York State. Some executions recorded during the 17th and 18th centuries do not indicate the name(s) of the executed and therefore are not included.

Regarding electrocutions, which comprise a large percentage of the executions:
 * 55 people (54 men and 1 woman) were electrocuted at Auburn Correctional Facility
 * 26 men were electrocuted at Clinton Correctional Facility
 * 614 people (including 8 women) were electrocuted at Sing Sing

1900–1963
As a result of several United States Supreme Court decisions, capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976.

Since 24 June 2004, the New York State death penalty statute has been declared unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of people executed in New York


text:
User talk:Brian Maggi

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 15:38, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Brian Maggi


text: Category:Towns in Wales

title: Category:Towns in Wales


text:
User talk:Tgeller

Hopkin Green Frog
Hello! If you want to comment on the proposed deletion of Hopkin Green Frog, you should not do so on its talk page, like you did, but on this deletion page. There seems to be a majority for keep so it will probably not be deleted, but it's valuable to hear another opinion nevertheless. Gerrit CUTEDH 18:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

October 2010
Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons, as you did to Elizabeth Moon. Thank you. BilCat (talk) 02:09, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Your addition has been removed not becasue you formated the reverences wrong, but becasue it violates the WP:BLP policy in making a connection between two events that is not asserted in the sources. The addition of the "controversy" material is on discussion on the talk page, and you are wlecome to participate in the discussions, but please stop adding hte section until you have gained a WP:CONSENSUS on the talk page to do so, and have addressed the BLP concerns. Thanks. - BilCat (talk)

30 rock
Here is my gut-feeling explanation of why your paragraph about 30 rock in the Needmore article is inappropriate. Needmore is a real town with real people. The article is about 2 paragraphs long including your paragraph on 30 rock. That means half of the article is about a fictional event that you and very few others care about. Your statement that "this really happened" is ridiculous - it is a fictional show. If you must include something in wikipedia linking Needmore to 30 rock, find a place in the 30 rock article to include a link to Needmore. Or create an article on the 30 rock episode and build in a link there. Communicate with other editors that write about 30 rock and see what they think.Jstuby (talk) 00:54, 1 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your input -- I'm glad we're having this discussion. I've responded on your Talk page and am reading up on the proper way to resolve this dispute I'll provide further details on your Talk page. --tgeller (talk) 06:09, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Smart grid in China
Hi Tgeller! I saw that you were one of the few "recently" active editors of the Smart grid in China article. I'm a paid COI editor, and have an updated draft of the article linked on the talk page, and I'm hoping you might be willing to review some of my proposed changes. I'm relatively new here, so any feedback on whether I'm maintaining NPOV and adding useful content would be immensely helpful. Thanks! --FacultiesIntact (talk) 22:40, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:21, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tgeller


text:
Levellers (disambiguation)

Levellers were an English 17th century political movement active during English Civil War. It may also refer to

 * Levellers (band), a British rock band
 * Levellers (album), their eponymous third album

title: Levellers (disambiguation)


text:
Viveiro

Viveiro (Vivero ) is a town and municipality in the province of Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of A Mariña Occidental. It borders on the Cantabrian Sea, to the west of Xove and to the east of O Vicedo. It has a residential population of over 16,000 (2010 figures), which however triples in the summer months with visitors to the coastal region.

Geography and location
The climate is mild oceanic.

The municipality encompasses the township of Viveiro itself (the main population centre on the Lugo coast), and also the towns of Covas and Celeiro. More than half of the municipality's population live in these three centres.

Viveiro municipality is subdivided into several administrative areas (parroquias, or parishes): Area-Faro, Boimente, Chavín, Galdo, Landrove, Magazos, San Pedro, Valcarría, Celeiro, Vieiro, Covas and Viveiro.

Main sights
The old wall, of which only parts remain today, was built to protect the inhabitants from attacks or from the plague. The remains of the wall, which succumbed to modernity in spite of its importance and simplicity, are visible in the old part of the city although the remains are situated near small modern buildings. In spite of everything three of the wall's original gates survive: Vila, Valado, with a Romanesque style, and Castelo da Ponte, also called the gate of Carlos V, that is the emblem of Viveiro. This door has the sculpted imperial arms of the monarch, the original arms of the kingdom, and the arms of the city.

Some of the mansions of the city's noble families still exist, such as the gunsmith's house sculpted in stone. Religious buildings include the monastery of the Concepcion, which was founded by María das Alas Pumariño (died 1601), and the chapel of Ecce Homo, also called the chapel of Pity, which Rodrigo Alonso Alfeirán (died 1608) paid for.

The city is home to several Romanesque historical buildings. These include the churches of San Pedro, Santa María, and San Francisco. The bridge over the river Landro dates back to the medieval era too.

Festivities
The calendar of Viveiro holds several festivals, both secular and religious.

Carnival
Viveiro's is the oldest Carnival in Galicia. It is celebrated during the four days before Lent, from Saturday until Shrove Tuesday. It concludes on Tuesday with a great procession of floats through the streets.

Holy Week
The Holy Week in Viveiro is one of the most important Holy Week celebrations in Galicia and it is also considered as a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain since 2013. Vivero has a great number of cofradías such as the Virgin of the Rosario, the Christ of the Piety, the Seven Last Words and Hermandad de la Santa Cruz (Vivero). The city is also home to processions such as the Encounter that show the Calvary of Christ with religious images, the Unnailed and St. Funeral that show the descent of the Cross to continue with the procession of St. Funeral, the Last Supper with the pasos of the supper, Horto, Ecce Homo, the Nazarene and Our Lady of Sorrows - Sufferings, the Passion, the Seven Words, the Piety and the Virgin at the foot of the Cross, a silent procession.

Rapa das Bestas
This festivity takes place the first Sunday of July except that the first of July coincides on Sunday then it celebrates the second Sunday in the Buio Mountains. It is an old tradition according to which people cut the horsehairs, brand the horses and break in them.

Patronal feasts
It celebrates on 15 August in Saint Roque and the Virgin's honour.

The pilgrimage of Naseiro (The pilgrimage of the good meal)

It celebrates the fourth Sunday of August.

Saint James' day
It celebrates on 25 July at the Port of Celeiro with a marine procession through the estuary of Viveiro.

Others
In the end of July or in the beginning of August, a music festival called Resurrection Fest, focused on metal, hardcore and punk is held in the city since 2006.

Notable people

 * Gómez Pérez das Mariñas (1539–1593), politician, diplomat and military officer, colonial governor of the Philippines
 * Nicomedes Pastor Díaz (1811–1863), politician and Romantic writer
 * Antón Vilar Ponte (1881–1936), writer and politician
 * Jesús Cora y Lira (1890–1969), admiral and Carlist politician
 * Maruja Mallo (1902–1995), surrealist painter
 * Lois Tobío Fernández (1906–2003), journalist and philologist
 * Carlos Oroza (born 1933), poet

Twin towns – sister cities
Viveiro is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Lannion, France
 * 🇨🇺 Old Havana (Havana), Cuba
 * 🇦🇺 Perth, Australia

title: Viveiro


text:
Attersee (lake)

Attersee, also known as Kammersee, English sometimes Lake Atter, is the largest lake of the Salzkammergut region in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. It is Austria's third largest lake by area, surpassed only by Lake Constance and Lake Neusiedl, which, however, both of those larger lakes extend beyond national borders.

Geography
The surface area of Lake Attersee extends for about 20 km from north to south and 4 km from east to west. With an average depth of 85 m, its water volume even surpasses the Chiemsee, which is larger by area.

The main inflow is the Seeache creek, which flows out of the nearby Mondsee lake in the southwest. Both Attersee and Mondsee are part of a chain of lakes, beginning with Fuschlsee and Irrsee. The waters flow off with the Ager River down to the Traun which itself discharges into the Danube at Linz.

In the southwest of the lake the Schafberg ("Sheep Mountain"), part of the Salzkammergut Mountains, rises up to 1782 m, separating it from the Mondsee lake, whose southern shore borders the state of Salzburg. The Höllengebirge (literally "hell mountains") karst range, with a height of up to 1862 m, is located southeast of the lake.

Due to its steady winds and clean water quality, Attersee is famous for attracting sailors and swimmers alike. During the season numerous sailing competitions are held. One of the most cherished winds on Attersee is the so-called "Rosenwind" meaning "breeze of roses". It is an easterly wind that crosses a castle's rose garden and fills the air across the lake with the smell of roses. The surrounding settlements largely depend on tourism, mainly in spring, summer and autumn.

Because of the lake's size and despite the cold temperatures during winter the lake rarely freezes. The last time the lake was entirely covered with ice was in the late 1940s, when people were seen skating and riding motorcycles across the thickly frozen surface of the lake.

History
The name Atter, derived from ata meaning "water", probably is of proto-Celtic origin. The shores were already settled in the Neolithic era. In August 1870, remains of prehistoric pile dwellings were found near Seewalchen at the northern end of the lake. The Mondsee group stilt houses since 2011 are part of the UNESCO Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps World Heritage Site. Other archaeological findings denote settlement activities in Roman times from the 2nd century BC onwards.

In the middle of the 19th century paddlesteamers were introduced on the lake to ferry mail and goods between the villages located around the Attersee. Today it is an important recreation site for people from the urban areas of Vienna and Linz.

From the Fin de siècle, Attersee became a popular destination for summer guests, apart from the bustle at the emperor's sojourn in nearby Bad Ischl. Near the village of Litzlberg, part of Seewalchen, there is a small island castle, which Gustav Klimt frequently visited during the summer. Likewise, the German painter Albert Weisgerber was a summer visitor on Attersee.

Lake Attersee was a rallying point for several German divisions during World War II which had retreated during the Siege of Budapest. Among these were several foreign volunteer divisions of the Waffen-SS, which sought to reach Attersee where surrender to the Americans was preferable to capture by the Red Army.

The lake is celebrated in the Viennese painter Gustav Klimt's work Insel im Attersee.

Fishing
Among the fish species found in the lake are:
 * Northern pike
 * Brown trout
 * Rainbow trout
 * Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
 * Lake char (Salvelinus umbla)
 * European eel
 * Carp
 * Burbot
 * Perch
 * Whitefish

title: Attersee (lake)


text:
Ultimate Kylie

Ultimate Kylie is the second major greatest hits album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, and her first greatest hits released under her contract with Parlophone, her record company between 1999–2015. The compilation was released in many different formats including a two-disc edition and a deluxe double disc with a bonus DVD. A separate compilation DVD with the same name, was released to accompany the audio versions. The album includes two new tracks; its lead single, "I Believe in You", and the second single, "Giving You Up". A third track, "Made of Glass", was recorded for the album but not used; it was included on the physical releases of "Giving You Up".

Ultimate Kylie was commended by contemporary critics who noted the musical and credible progression from the start of her career; some critics criticised the earlier material. The album reached the top ten in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, Greece, and Germany, while it charted in several other territories including Spain, Sweden, and New Zealand. The album was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for one million shipments throughout Europe. "I Believe in You" debuted inside the top ten in several countries worldwide, while "Giving You Up" charted moderately in some regions. The compilation was promoted through the Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour in 2005. After Minogue was diagnosed with breast cancer, she cancelled the tour and was resumed with another leg in 2006.

This compilation was superseded by 2019's Step Back in Time: The Definitive Collection with only "Giving You Up" not being included on the expanded, 3-CD version of the latter.

Background
Ultimate Kylie is Minogue's ninth greatest hits album, and her first compilation through Parlophone. The release follows her eight previous greatest hits albums, The Kylie Collection (1988), Greatest Hits (1992), Hits+ (2000), Confide in Me (2001), Greatest Hits 87–97 and its re-release (2002 and 03), Greatest Hits: 87–99 (2003), and Artist Collection (2004). Greatest Hits and Hits+ are her only compilations released through her signed labels; Greatest Hits was released through her 1987–1992 record label, PWL, and Hits+ was released through her 1993–1998 record label, Deconstruction Records. Ultimate Kylie is her first greatest hits album under her contract with Parlophone; her final greatest hits release through the contract was The Albums 2000–2010 (2011). On Minogue's website, she shared her thoughts on the release: Since my first hit, I can’t believe how quickly time has passed. This collection is very dear to me and holds a lifetime of memories. There is nothing like time to give you a sense of perspective and I hope the listener gets as much enjoyment out of these tracks as I do. I feel lucky to have had the opportunity to experiment throughout the years and that my fans have embraced the need in me to try new approaches. I am just as excited about the new tracks featured here as I am about all the others on the record. At this point in my career, I am happy to celebrate the past and look forward to the future.

On 22 November 2004, Ultimate Kylie was released as a standard two-disc set. Three versions were issued; the standard two-disc set, and a digital release through Amazon.com and iTunes Store; as of May 2011, the digital release has been removed from digital stores. The third format was a triple-disc package, with the original two-discs and a bonus DVD, including music video content; this was released in Australia through HMV stores in 2006. A DVD with the same name was simultaneously released which included several music videos of Minogue that have never appeared on a DVD before. It includes the completed video of the single "I Believe in You", but no video of "Giving You Up" was produced at the album and DVD's release. The DVD contains all the music videos with of the songs with on-screen lyrics (with the exception of "Giving You Up", which had not been filmed at the time of release). It also contains Minogue's performance at the 2002 BRIT Awards of "Can't Get Blue Monday Out of My Head" – a mix of her song "Can't Get You Out of My Head" and New Order's "Blue Monday". Early versions of the UK DVD were known to suffer from disc rot after a short period of time, where the playing surface becomes cloudy or forms a 'cracked' pattern. The record label offered free replacements to those who returned their damaged copies. "Can't Get You Out of My Head" is also featured in edited form with the first chorus removed. "Giving You Up" had not been filmed yet and is represented in the instrumental intro on the menu page.

Critical response
Ultimate Kylie received a generally positive response from music critics. PopMatters gave it a positive review, saying: "Ultimate Kylie, which seems condensed even at its double-disc length, is one of the best collections of dance music available, even while including her '80s pop hits. It is enough to get her MP3s permanently out of my "guilty pleasures" bin" and gave the album an 8 out of 10 rating, which means that the album was of excellent status and "among the best work of the given artist, or among the best in the given genre". Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic gave it a very positive review, awarding it four and a half out of five stars. At first he said "There certainly hasn't been a shortage of Kylie Minogue hits compilations", but finished the album with a positive review and ending saying "it nevertheless gives all the hits, both big and small, in one place, which means that this not only makes this ideal for fans for all levels of dedication, it means that Ultimate Kylie lives up to its billing."

Jason Shawahn from About.com gave it a positive review, awarding it four stars out of five. He praised the album for its inclusion of two new songs, which he feels were "among the finest tracks that Kylie has recorded in years" and show her at her best. He later finished saying "but as far as providing the comprehensive Kylie, the folks at EMI have done a pretty good job." In a review for Stylus Magazine, Mark Edwards called the first disc "horribly naff" and full of "squeaky songs". The review also mentioned "every year or two she’ll release another pop gem, sell a squillion more calendars and finally retire as a multi-millionairess with a greatest hits compilation in every household. Because everyone loves Kylie, even if half of this album is terrible." Jaime Gill from Yahoo! Music gave it a positive review, saying "But why not accept it as merely the brand for a shiny double CD of brilliant pop tunes? If she disappeared tomorrow few would really care, but if songs like this did we really, really would." In 2007, The Guardian included the album in their "1000 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die" list. In 2006, "I Believe in You" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Dance Recording category at the 48th Grammy Awards.

Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, Ultimate Kylie debuted at number four, staying in for thirty-one weeks. The album was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 900,000 units. The album entered at number five on the Australian Albums Chart, and stayed in the top fifty for forty-two weeks, Minogue's longest charting greatest hits album. Ultimate Kylie was certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), selling over 280,000 copies in the country. In New Zealand, the album entered at thirty-nine on the New Zealand Albums Chart, and reached thirty-three.

Ultimate Kylie had other success in other countries as well. The album managed to peak at number fourteen and thirty-five in Belgium (Flanders) and Belgium (Wallonia), being certificated Platinum there. The album debuted at number forty-nine in Spain, and it eventually peaked at number thirty-four after fifteen weeks in the charts. The album was certificated Gold in the country, selling over 50,000 copies. The album also peaked at number eight on the Irish Albums Chart, and was certificated Platinum by the Irish Recording Music Association (IRMA).

Promotion
In order to promote Ultimate Kylie and the single, Minogue performed "I Believe in You" in shows such as Top of the Pops, Nordic Music Awards, Top of the Pops Saturday, Premios Ondas, Star Academy, Hit Machine, Today with Des and Mel, and Wetten, dass..?. On 24 October 2004, it was announced that Minogue also would go on tour to promote the compilation. It commenced on 19 March 2005 and ended on 7 May 2005, visiting 14 cities in 11 European countries, totalling 37 concerts. The show was split into six acts and an encore: Showgirl; Smiley Kylie; Denial; What Kylie Wants, Kylie Gets; Dreams; Kyliesque and Minx in Space. After performing in Europe, she travelled to Melbourne, where she was diagnosed with breast cancer and was forced to cancel the tour; she intended to extend the tour to Asia and Australia. Two recordings from the tour were released; the first was a video album titled Kylie Showgirl, and released in November 2005, whilst the second one was released in December as an extended play with eight tracks from the tour, titled Showgirl.

In November 2005, her tour promoter announced the tour's restart for the end of the following year, with an update from the original version "as a thank you for the patience and understanding of Australian ticket holders". She resumed the tour, entitled Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour, in November 2006 with a performance in Sydney. Her dance routines had been reworked to accommodate her medical condition, and slower costume changes and longer breaks were introduced between sections of the show to conserve her strength. The media reported that Minogue performed energetically, with the Sydney Morning Herald describing the show as an "extravaganza" and "nothing less than a triumph". The tour was released as a live album, titled Showgirl: Homecoming Live, in January 2007. The Greatest Hits Tour grossed more than US$19.97 million from 23 shows in the United Kingdom alone, and the Homecoming Tour grossed $40.11 million ($0 million in dollars).

Singles
"I Believe in You" was released as the lead single from the compilation. Premiered on radio stations on 14 October 2004, it was released in the United Kingdom on 6 December 2004. "I Believe in You" reached the number two position in the region, only behind "Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid. It also peaked within the top ten in Australia, Austria, Denmark, Italy and Ireland, also becoming her best entry on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart, after "Slow".

It was announced that "Giving You Up" would be released as the second and last single from the compilation. It was released as a single on 28 March 2005 in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number six on the singles charts, giving Minogue her 30th top ten hit. It also reached the top ten in Australia, Scotland and Spain, and the top twenty in Denmark, Finland and Ireland.

Track listing
Notes
 * The German edition replaces "Please Stay" with "Your Disco Needs You" (Casino Radio & Club Mix)

Certifications and sales

Album credits

 * Mastered by Ashley Phase at Whitfield Street Mastering.
 * Liner notes written by Neil Rees & Nigel Goodall with thanks and acknowledgement to Tom Parker.
 * Kylie's visual direction and styling by William Baker.
 * Photography by Simon Emmett.
 * Sleeve direction and design and photo montages by Tony Hung for Adjective Noun.

title: Ultimate Kylie


text:
User talk:A Karley

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Whosyourjudas (talk) 15:44, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Good work on the Directional Drilling article. I just finished going through it and making some minor changes and inserting wiki links. I'll also be adding it to the "See Also" parts of a couple of articles so that this page is no longer orphaned *Kat* 07:25, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Railways
Hi, A Karley! May I ask to please be more elaborate when you make edits like this one? While I understand what you are trying to say, it should be noted that the rest of the article makes no mention of anything railway-related. Readers are thus left at a loss as to what railway line you are referring to, and relating to what the line is "up and down". If you could re-work those additions into a few full sentences, they would be a lot more beneficial. Please let me know if you have questions. Best,—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 16:57, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for taking time to fix it!—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 15:11, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

British Go Association page
The page you have created for the British Go Association is much too long and not in the style of a Wikipedia article. Sensei's library (http://senseis.xmp.net/) is a go wiki that is more suitable for this sort of page.

Uberdude85 16:22, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Llygadwy
Hello. Back at the end of April, you created an article on Llygadwy, which seems to be very much a work in progress. As it stands, the article is not in a form that is suitable for Wikipedia, and the talk page notes that you have made seem to border on original research. Are you intending to carry on working on this page in the near future, with the aim of turning it into a proper wikipedia article? If not, I will be nominating it for deletion/moving to userspace in the next few days. Thanks. Mike Peel 21:41, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:ClockworkOrange-040-sm.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:ClockworkOrange-040-sm.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:10, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Rock density
Thanks for yout input on density on the megalith page. On a minor point though it appears to be done more in the style of a disscussion board than an encyclopedia. It might be better if it was rewriten a little. I might do it myself but if you would prefer to do it that would be fine. Good day Zacherystaylor (talk) 14:33, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for helping improve Wellingborough, your edits are appreciated! ReformatMe (talk) 00:50, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

Trying to save my book
It looks as if I can't save my book, perhaps because I don't have a "Books" folder in my userspace. So I'll link to the non-existent page here and see if I can create it that way? [MyBooks]

Nope that didn't work. Oh well, work to do.
 * I think I see what the problem is: you forgot the "wiki" between "wikipedia.org" and "User:A_Karley". Try this link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:A_Karley/Books
 * Or better yet: User:A_Karley/Books
 * Cheers! Ajltalk 01:27, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Well that seemed to work, but I can't remember now what I was trying to do with "Books". Thanks for the help anyway.
 * No problem. I guess I should have looked at when you had posted that... :/ – Ajltalk 07:16, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Plagiarism of Directional Drilling article
Hi Karley. I just came across this page, which has content virtually 100% identical to this edit of yours. Could you please comment? Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 14:49, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

Hi Correia. That looks as if someone took my edit of 2004, applied minor edits, and posted it without attribution to this other page in 2007. I see that the copying site is advertising "Free Energy" solutions, which is a red flag for fruitloopery. You'll note, for example, that the comment on the Wikipedia page about "this author having worked for Sperry ; other corporations may tell other lies about their history" has been omitted. Obviously too complex for the Free Energy people.

I'm trying to remember what I was doing in 2004 that prompted me writing that. I was still doing long-reach horizontal wells routinely (I've moved onto more wildcatting exploration work since ; almost always vertical wells). I'll guess that I was offshore and bored.

Aidan Karley (talk) 16:11, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks Karley. And thanks for adding a subject line - don't know why I left it out. Regards, Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 09:56, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Shipstar

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Shipstar requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. WWGB (talk) 04:57, 28 December 2015 (UTC)

London Heist moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, London Heist, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 06:29, 2 August 2019 (UTC)

Draft:London Heist concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Draft:London Heist, a page you created, has not been edited in 5 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 01:37, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:London Heist

Hello, A Karley. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "London Heist".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! Lapablo (talk) 08:41, 4 February 2020 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:21, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:A Karley


text:
File:Hoellengebirge.jpg

Attersee with Hoellengebirge

Photo taken by myself: --Austronaut 00:01, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)

title: File:Hoellengebirge.jpg


text:
Sir Andrew Noble, 1st Baronet

Sir Andrew Noble, 1st Baronet (13 September 1831 – 22 October 1915) was a Scottish physicist noted for his work on ballistics and gunnery.

Early life
Born at Greenock, he was educated at Edinburgh Academy and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was commissioned in the Royal Artillery in 1849, promoted captain in 1855 and became secretary of the Royal Artillery Institution. He was secretary of the British government select committee on the replacement of smooth-bore cannon with rifled artillery and carried out research on the subject. In 1859 he became Assistant-Inspector of Artillery and in 1860 a member of the Ordnance Select Committee and of the Committee on Explosives, remaining on the committee until it was dissolved in 1880.

Notable work
In 1860 he joined Armstrong's armaments works in Elswick, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, first as joint manager and, from 1861, as a partner, where he continued research into artillery, in particular inventing ways of measuring breech pressures. In 1862 he invented the Electro-Mechanical Chronoscope to measure small time intervals between triggers inserted into a gun to determine the acceleration of projectiles as they travelled down the barrel, allowing him to assess the performance of different powders.

He worked with Sir Frederick Abel on improving the properties of black powder, making it burn more slowly to produce more gas and a more consistent pressure, with the result that he was able to increase muzzle velocities from 1600 to 2100 feet per second, while the energy developed increased by about 75%. Noble's work also assisted Abel's further development of a new smokeless powder, cordite, in 1889. These developments required the re-design of both the guns and their mountings, manufactured by Armstrongs, which gave them a competitive advantage, ultimately helping the company expand into shipbuilding, locomotives, tanks and aircraft to become one of the world's largest armament firms by 1914. With Sir William Armstrong's effective retirement from active control in about 1890, Noble's primary role changed from scientist to businessman, formally becoming chairman in 1900, and he oversaw much of this growth of the company. Noble claimed that all the Japanese guns which sank the Russian fleet at the crucial battle of Tsushima in 1905, had been manufactured at Elswick.

In 1870, at the age of 38 he was recognised for his scientific work and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was awarded the Society's Gold Medal in 1880. He was made a Companion of the order of the Bath in 1881 and knighted in 1893. He served as High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1896. It was announced that he would receive a baronetcy in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902 for the (subsequently postponed) coronation of King Edward VII, and on 24 July 1902 he was created a Baronet, of Ardmore and Ardardan Noble, in the parish of Cardross, in the county of Dumbarton.

Personal life
In 1854, while stationed with his regiment in Quebec, Noble married Margery Durham Campbell. They had four sons and two daughters. Margery lived to the age of 101.

Noble's first and second sons George and Saxton became successively second and third baronets, while his third son John Noble, also involved with Armstrongs, was created a baronet in his own right in 1923. The latter's youngest son Michael Noble became a prominent Conservative politician and was created a life peer as Baron Glenkinglas in 1974.

Noble's youngest daughter Ethel married Alfred Cochrane cricketer and poet who was Company Secretary at Armstrongs. His granddaughter Cynthia Noble married the diplomat Gladwyn Jebb.

Architectural patronage
Noble and his sons used their wealth to commission a number of important houses from some of the foremost architects of the day.

In 1871, he bought Jesmond Dene House, which was originally designed by John Dobson, and commissioned Norman Shaw and later local architect Frank West Rich to double the size of the house adding a west wing, billiard room, Gothic porch, Great Hall and a range of bedrooms. In 1894 he also built a real tennis court in the grounds of the house, one of only around 50 currently in use worldwide. Jesmond Dene House is now an hotel and restaurant.

In 1905, Noble bought the Ardkinglas estate on Loch Fyne in Argyllshire, commissioning Sir Robert Lorimer to build a large new house, Lorimer's masterpiece, and later to restore Dunderave Castle on the other side of the loch.

In 1910 his eldest son George commissioned Randall Wells to rebuild Besford Court, Worcestershire in a Tudor gothic style, the architect's masterpiece and the last great gothic English country house.

In 1911 his second son Saxton commissioned Reginald Blomfield to build Wretham Hall, Norfolk in a William and Mary style. Following the near-collapse of Armstrongs in 1927 Wretham was demolished, and Saxton commissioned designs for a topiary garden representing the plan of a huge house for the site from Sir Edwin Lutyens.

In 1920 his youngest son Philip again commissioned Sir Robert Lorimer to alter Glendoe, Inverness-shire.

Orders, decorations, and medals

 * Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Rose
 * Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy
 * Commander of the Portuguese Order of Christ
 * Royal Medallist of the Royal Society (1880)
 * Companion of the Order of the Bath (1881)
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (1893)
 * Knight of the Order of Charles III
 * Baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom (1902)

title: Sir Andrew Noble, 1st Baronet


text:
Silver Legion of America

The Silver Legion of America, commonly known as the Silver Shirts, was an American fascist and pro-Nazi organization which was founded by William Dudley Pelley and headquartered in Asheville, North Carolina.

History
Pelley was a former journalist, novelist and screenwriter turned spiritualist who began to promote antisemitic views by 1931, including the belief that Jews were possessed by demons. He formed the Silver Legion with the goal of bringing about a "spiritual and political renewal", inspired by the success of Adolf Hitler's Nazi movement in Germany.

A nationalist, fascist group, the paramilitary Silver Legion wore a uniform modeled after the Nazi's brown shirts (SA), consisting of a silver shirt with a blue tie, along with a campaign hat and blue corduroy trousers with leggings. The uniform shirts bore a scarlet letter L over the heart, which according to Pelley was "standing for Love, Loyalty, and Liberation." The blocky slab serif L-emblem was in a typeface similar to the present-day Rockwell Extra Bold. The organizational flag was a plain silver field with a red L in the canton on the upper left hand corner. By 1934, the Legion claimed that it had 15,000 members.

Legion leader Pelley called for the establishment of a "Christian Commonwealth" in America, a government that would combine the principles of fascism, theocracy, and socialism, along with the exclusion of Jews and non-whites. He claimed he would save America from Jewish communists just as "Mussolini and his Black Shirts saved Italy and as Hitler and his Brown Shirts saved Germany." Pelley ran in the 1936 presidential election on a third-party ticket under the Christian Party banner. Pelley hoped to seize power in a "silver revolution" and set himself up as the dictator of the United States. He would be called "the Chief", a title which would be just like the titles used by other fascist leaders, such as "Der Führer" for Adolf Hitler and "Il Duce" for Benito Mussolini. However, the Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt handily won the reelection, and Pelley failed to figure among the top four. By around 1937, the Silver Legion's membership had declined to about 5,000. In 1936, a small Silver Shirt office was established in downtown Spokane. About 200 members participated before the group's end.

When the Silver Shirts tried to hold a rally at the Elks Club in Minneapolis, the meeting was interrupted by senior local Jewish-American organized crime figure David Berman.

Pelley disbanded the organization soon after the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

On January 20, 1942, Pelley was sentenced to serve two to three years in prison by Superior Court Judge F. Don Phillips, in Asheville, North Carolina, for violating terms of probation of a 1935 conviction for violating North Carolina security laws. The same sentence had been suspended pending good behavior, but the court found that during that period, Pelley had published false and libelous statements, published inaccurate reports and advertising, and supported a secret military organization.

In popular culture

 * Sinclair Lewis's novel It Can't Happen Here depicts a fascist takeover of the United States by an anti-Roosevelt demagogue who claims that he is inspired to do so by the Silver Legion of America.
 * In the Paradox Interactive video game Hearts of Iron IV, should the United States turn fascist, the Silver Legion of America will be depicted as the ruling party.

title: Silver Legion of America


text:
Dudinka

Dudinka (Дуди́нка; Nenets: Тут'ын, Tutꜧyn) is a town on the Yenisei River and the administrative center of Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It used to be the administrative center of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug, which was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai on January 1, 2007. Population:

History
It was founded in 1667 as a winter settlement connected to Mangazeya. In 1930 it was designated the administrative center of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets National Region. In 1935, the polar explorer Otto Schmidt recommended that the settlement be expanded into a town. By 1937, the port facilities and a railroad to Norilsk were completed. Town status was granted in 1951.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Dudinka serves as the administrative center of Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated within Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District as the district town of Dudinka. As a municipal division, the district town of Dudinka is incorporated within Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky Municipal District as Dudinka Urban Settlement.

Economy
Dudinka processes and sends cargo via Norilsk railway to the Norilsk Mining and Smelting Factory and also ships non-ferrous metals, coal and ore. In 1969, the Messoyakha-Dudinka-Norilsk natural gas pipeline was laid.

Dudinka is home to a unique Arctic port, in the lower reaches of the Yenisey, which accessible to both sea and river ships. During the navigation season, from mid-June to October, the port can receive both seafaring ships and river vessels from Krasnoyarsk (about 2,000 km along the Yenisey). At this time, fresh food and essential goods are brought to Dudinka and then to Norilsk from the "mainland". As soon as the navigation is possible, fruit and vegetable stalls spring up in the streets and food prices in grocery stores drop drastically. And, when the Yenisey is icebound, Dudinka receives and dispatches ice-class vessels taking the Northern Sea Route. They take away the products of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine and bring the fuel and raw materials that industrial plants rely on for their operation.The port operates every day apart from a couple of weeks a year, when it is flooded during the spring high water. It is the only port in the world that experiences such a nuisance. When, at the end of May, the ice starts breaking up on the Yenisey, the cranes are moved from the port to special holding areas, where they remain for the duration of the high water. All large cargoes are delivered exclusively by water. The town is served by the Dudinka Airport.

Infrastructure

Near Dudinka there is a 462 m tall radio mast which was formerly used for the CHAYKA radio navigation system. It is a grounded mast with a rhombic cage antenna.

Climate
Despite lying more than two degrees above the Arctic Circle, Dudinka has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Average high temperature even in May is below freezing and short summer starts in mid June and lasts only 2 months. Precipitation is moderate; it falls mostly as rain in summer and mainly as snow throughout the rest of the year.

Sports and entertainment
The Taymyr ice arena is the newly built ice hockey, figure skating and curling facility in Dudinka. It is the northernmost ice arena in the world that is fit for holding high-level, international events. The spectators capacity of the arena is 350 seats. The 2017 CCT Arctic Cup took place in the city of Dudinka at the Taymyr ice arena on May 18–22, 2017. It was the first-ever international curling tournament among women teams beyond the Arctic Circle. The event was held with participation of eight strongest teams from the northern countries, located at the 69th parallel. Participant teams included Russian National Team, Team Krasnoyarsk, Team Canada, Team USA, Team Finland. A wild card from the Organizing Committee was granted to Team Switzerland. Since 2017 Dudinka becomes the place where the international Arctic Curling Cup tournament takes place annually. The test event for this tournament was TAYMYR CURLING CUP 2016. The first-ever curling tournament among men teams beyond the Arctic Circle took place in Dudinka on May 26–30, 2016. The tournament was held as a test event for the Arctic Curling Cup. Six strongest Russian men teams took part in the event. In 2018 Dudinka held the final tour of the international Arctic Curling Cup. 10 strongest teams, three of which were Russian, were competing in double-mixed. Maria Komarova and Daniel Goryachov received bronze medals in this tournament.

Notable people

 * Olga Martynova, poet

 * Petr Yan, mixed martial artist, former UFC Bantamweight Champion

title: Dudinka


text:
Ibn Hisham

Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (أَبُو مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Muslim historian and scholar. He grew up in Basra, in modern-day Iraq and later moved to Egypt.

Life
Ibn Hisham has been said to have grown up in Basra and moved afterwards to Egypt. His family was native to Basra but he himself was born in Old Cairo. He gained a name as a grammarian and student of language and history in Egypt. His family was of Himyarite origin and belonged to Banu Ma‘afir tribe of Yemen.

Biography of Muḥammad
As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah (السيرة النبوية), 'The Life of the Prophet'; is an edited recension of Ibn Isḥāq's classic Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (سيرة رسول الله) 'The Life of God's Messenger'. Ibn Isḥāq's now lost work survives only in Ibn Hishām's and al-Tabari's recensions, although fragments of several others survive, and Ibn Hishām and al-Tabarī share virtually the same material.

Ibn Hishām explains in the preface of the work, the criteria by which he made his choice from the original work of Ibn Isḥāq in the tradition of his disciple Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d. 799). Accordingly, Ibn Hishām omits stories from Al-Sīrah that contain no mention of Muḥammad, certain poems, traditions whose accuracy Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi could not confirm, and offensive passages that could offend the reader. Al-Tabari includes controversial episodes of the Satanic Verses including an apocryphal story about Muḥammad's attempted suicide. Ibn Hishām gives more accurate versions of the poems he includes and supplies explanations of difficult terms and phrases of the Arabic language, additions of genealogical content to certain proper names, and brief descriptions of the places mentioned in Al-Sīrah. Ibn Hishām appends his notes to the corresponding passages of the original text with the words: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).

Translations and editions
Later Ibn Hishām's As-Sira would chiefly be transmitted by his pupil, Ibn al-Barqī. This treatment of Ibn Ishāq's work was circulated to scholars in Cordoba in Islamic Spain by around 864. The first printed edition was published in Arabic by the German orientalist Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, in Göttingen (1858-1860). The Life of Moḥammad According to Moḥammed b. Ishāq, ed. 'Abd al-Malik b. Hisham. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart 1864) was the first published translation.

In the 20th century the book has been printed several times in the Middle East. The German orientalist Gernot Rotter produced an abridged (about one third) German translation of ''The life of the Prophet. As-Sīra An-Nabawīya''. (Spohr, Kandern in the Black Forest 1999). An English translation by the British orientalist Alfred Guillaume: The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. (1955); 11th edition. (Oxford University Press, Karachi 1996).

Another Works
Ibn Hisham also known as the author of the commentaries of The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar. Ibn Hisham reported that he acquired the book narrative from 'Abd al-mun'im idris. Ibn Hisham, who authored the commentaries of this book, also gave his own analysis that the Yemen region name were given from their primordial founder, Ya'rub (son of Qahtan ), who also known by his other name, "Yaman".

English

 * Al falah foundation. Cairo, Egypt. online link

Arabic

 * online link

Other works

 * Kitab al-Tijan li ma'rifati muluk al-zamān fi akhbar Qahtān (كتاب التيجان لمعرفة ملوك الزمان في أخبار قحطان) 'The Book of Crowns, on the kings of yesteryear in the accounts of the Qahtān' (in Arabic); a genealogical work with historico-legendary accounts of the southern Arabs and their monuments in pre-Islamic times.

title: Ibn Hisham