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School Rumble

School Rumble (スクールランブル) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Jin Kobayashi. It was serialized in Kodansha's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from October 2002 to July 2008, with its chapters collected in 22  volumes. Magazine Special published School Rumble Z monthly from August 2008 to May 2009, with its chapters collected in a single volume. School Rumble is a romance comedy centering on relationships between Japanese high school students, School Rumble focuses on a love triangle involving the series' two protagonists, Tenma Tsukamoto and Kenji Harima, and one of their classmates, Oji Karasuma. The series often discards realism in favor of comedic effect.

School Rumble's popularity has resulted in its adaptation into multiple forms of media. TV Tokyo broadcast a 26-episode anime program between October 2004 and April 2005. In December 2005, a two-part original video animation (OVA) entitled School Rumble: Extra Class was released. A second season, School Rumble: 2nd Semester, aired between April and September 2006. Finally, two more episodes, collectively entitled School Rumble: Third Semester, were bundled with the Japanese manga volumes 21 and 22. Three video games have been produced—two for the PlayStation 2 in July 2005 and July 2006, and one for the PlayStation Portable in 2005. Two light novels written by Hiroko Tokita and illustrated by Kobayashi were published in April 2004 and December 2007; four official guidebooks illustrated by Kobayashi and written by his editors have also been released.

Del Rey Manga published the English translation of the first 16 volumes of School Rumble in physical format. In the translation, Del Rey Manga maintained the traditional Japanese name order to preserve puns based on the characters' names. Kodansha USA published the English translation in digital format. Funimation published the first and second anime seasons and the Extra Class OVAs in English. School Rumble has been translated into additional languages, although the final two episodes, the video games, and guidebooks have yet to be released outside Japan.

The manga was well received by Japanese-language readers; several volumes have appeared in the top manga sales charts. The North American English translations were less popular, but still ranked several times in the top 100 as well as ranking 145th for overall manga series sales in 2008. Critics of the English-language translation have been positive overall, praising Kobayashi for his art style and overall use of humor. However, the manga has received some criticism, mostly centered on some of the jokes and repetitive plot. The anime adaptation also sold well in Japan and was praised by Kobayashi and—for the English-language translation—critics. The decision by Media Factory to aggressively pursue its intellectual property rights for School Rumble is believed by proponents of fansubs to have had a negative impact on the franchise's release and sales in the North American market.

In 2009, Kobayashi said "School Rumble is an important piece that I want to draw more, but I wanted to do more other things so I ended it. When I have some time, I would like to draw their adult days in a seinen magazine."

Plot
School Rumble revolves around the daily lives of the students of Class 2-C at the fictional Yagami High School, along with their friends and families. The main female protagonist is Tenma Tsukamoto, an unremarkable second-year high school student who secretly admires her eccentric, enigmatic, nice-guy classmate, Oji Karasuma. Tenma struggles to confess her feelings to Karasuma. He remains oblivious to her interest, instead seeking fulfillment by indulging in curry. The main male protagonist, delinquent Kenji Harima, similarly yearns for Tenma, attending school solely to be near her. Like Tenma, Harima has difficulty declaring his love, and whenever he summons the courage to do so, circumstances conspire against him.

Harima complicates the love triangle through constant bumbling, and misunderstandings among the students aggravate the situation. Harima becomes involved with Tenma's close friend, Eri Sawachika, after the pair are thrown together in mutually embarrassing situations. Later in the series, he develops a friendship with Tenma's younger sister, Yakumo Tsukamoto, who becomes Harima's assistant on a manga he writes. The plots of Harima's stories portray a Harima-like hero fighting to save a Tenma-like damsel in various historical or fantastical situations, usually in battle against an obvious facsimile of Karasuma. After the hero saves the heroine, she always falls in love with him. Yakumo's relationship with Harima causes problems with Class 2-C's student representative, Haruki Hanai, who has a crush on Yakumo, with the sisters' shared surname causing Harima and Hanai to misinterpret the object of each other's respective infatuations. Although Harima manages to engineer romantic encounters with Tenma, her relationship with Karasuma nevertheless progresses, and Harima's bonds with Eri and Yakumo grow stronger. Eventually Tenma musters the courage to confess her love, but shortly after Karasuma loses his memory. His amnesia gives a purpose to Tenma's life; she concentrates on her studies to become a doctor and help Karasuma.

Although School Rumble focuses on Harima and Tenma, the series explores a number of supporting characters. These include Tenma's friends Mikoto Suo, who runs a kenpo dojo where her childhood friend, Hanai, trains, and Akira Takano, a mysterious and uncannily perceptive girl. As the story progresses, more major characters are introduced into the relationship web.

School Rumble Z, the "parallel comedy", ends with Class 2-C's graduation ceremony. At this point most of the plot-lines are settled, but there is no clear resolution for the main protagonists. Karasuma still suffers from memory loss, and although Harima attends the ceremony with Eri, their relationship status remains the same. There is a scene in the last chapter which could either be an imagination from Max or a flashforward, which shows Harima and Eri visiting Karasuma and the Tsukamoto sisters together, with Eri carrying a child in her arms.

Development and production
Jin Kobayashi began writing School Rumble, his debut work, in 2002. He stated to an audience at Honolulu's 2006 Kawaii Kon convention that he started writing the series because he found the idea of a manga involving a delinquent falling in love interesting. Kobayashi's favorite character, Kenji Harima, is based largely on an amalgam of various friends, although he estimates "about 30%" of Harima is a reflection of himself. However, despite putting most of his personal feelings into the female characters, he stated that Ryuuhei Suga, a minor supporting character, is the most autobiographical. Most of the other characters are based on memories of former high-school classmates; Kobayashi recalled that he had no real idea of their voices when drawing them, and it was not until much later, when he heard the voice actors' interpretations during the production of the anime series, that he knew how they should sound. He acknowledged that some characters are more developed than others; in reply to a fan question about the mysterious Akira Takano, he admitted that, despite the closeness he feels for her, he did not put much emphasis on Takano and planned to develop her love-life slowly. Kobayashi intentionally centered his story arcs around misunderstandings which he then resolves, since he believes "if there's no misunderstanding then there's no funny story." He claims that none of his stories are based on real-life events, although when pressed admits the possibility of some resemblances but without divulging specific details.

Kobayashi and his editors collaborated on the plotlines. Kobayashi would then draw the basic illustrations for each chapter before passing his material to assistants to finish. As the series' manga artist, Kobayashi also designed the cover art. Originally, the fifth volume's front cover was to feature Akira Takano, but after re-reading the volume Kobayashi concluded that since much of its plot in that volume revolves around Karen Ichijo, she should be on the cover instead. Desiring to feature a male character, he placed Harima on the cover of volume six. Kobayashi designed a poster to commemorate the ending of the series with the final chapter of School Rumble Z.

An anime adaptation of the series was never envisaged by Kobayashi, and he was skeptical of the project when first approached. Negotiations and preparation took some time, but he claims to be happy with the result. On viewing the first anime footage, Kobayashi was astonished; he recalls in an interview his emotions at the time, stating "I was incredibly touched by it. Completely overcome." Impressed with the adaptation of his work, he praises the anime staff for their achievement, although conceding that School Rumble probably lent itself to the anime format. He cites the fishing episode, for which he supplied the voice acting for several minor parts, as his favorite.

Kobayashi allowed the voice actors who voiced his characters significant freedom to interpret them as they chose. There were a number of cast changes throughout the production; Ami Koshimizu, the voice actress for Tenma, had initially auditioned for the role of Yakumo, and between School Rumble's first and second seasons the voice actors for both Karen Ichijo and Yoko Sasakura were replaced. Mako Sakurai took over Karen's role from Yuuka Nanri, and Aya Hirano replaced Akiko Kurumado as Yoko.

The artbox design for Funimation's North American release of the School Rumble anime resembles a miniature metal locker, and each of the individually released DVDs comes with heavy duty magnets. The discs include subtitled interviews with the Japanese voice actors, which were compiled onto a third DVD for the full first season release. In 2007, Funimation ran a drawing contest prior to releasing the anime in North America. The grand prize included a new computer with software for developing anime and manga. The United Kingdom anime release by Revelation Films saw the same limited edition box as Funimation, along with two standard editions.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Jin Kobayashi, School Rumble debuted in Kodansha's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine on October 23, 2002, and finished on July 23, 2008. It further appeared in issues of Shōnen Magazine's Magazine Special, and comprised one chapter of the seasonal Shōnen Magazine Wonder (少年マガジンワンダー). Kodansha collected its chapters in 22 volumes, released from May 16, 2003, to September 17, 2008. Another series, School Rumble Z, was serialized in Magazine Special from August 20, 2008, to May 20, 2009. Concluding the series, a compiled volume was released on June 17, 2009. A special chapter of the manga was published on Weekly Shōnen Magazine on November 30, 2016.

As a guide to the contents of each chapter, musical notations were added before the chapter number. In School Rumble, chapters marked with a sharp sign (♯) concern the main plot development focusing around Tenma and Harima, while side stories dealing with supporting characters are indicated by a flat sign (♭). The one exception to this pattern in the first series is the chapter that appears in Shōnen Magazine Wonder, which uses the natural sign (♮). School Rumble Z uses the natural sign for every chapter. The manga volumes of School Rumble contain original bonus chapters that use no musical notation; these are normally one page in length, but the seventh volume spreads its bonus chapter over several pages with each page telling a self-contained story.

Del Rey Manga, in North America, and Tanoshimi in the United Kingdom licensed School Rumble for an English-language release. It has also been translated into other languages, although the German-language release which Tokyopop initially published was cancelled and later continued by Egmont Manga & Anime. Del Rey released the first English-language volume on February 28, 2006, and the latest—volumes 14-16 in an omnibus—on July 27, 2010. Following Kodansha's lead, the Del Rey translation places the main plot chapters first followed by the side stories. Del Rey also retained the Japanese naming order to preserve puns and humor involving the names of the characters. The manga ceased to be published in North America after Del Rey became defunct. Kodansha released 13 volumes of the manga digitally on iTunes on July 26, 2016. As of August 2017, all 22 volumes of the main series have been published digitally in English by Kodansha.

Anime
TV Tokyo adapted the School Rumble manga for two 26-episode television sketch show series, and five additional episodes. The first season was broadcast in Japan from October 10, 2004 to March 29, 2005, followed by two original video animation (OVA) episodes entitled School Rumble: Extra Class (スクールランブルOVA一学期補習), which were released on December 22, 2005. The second season, School Rumble: 2nd Semester (スクールランブル二学期), ran from April 2 to September 24, 2006.

Although a third series—School Rumble: Third Semester (スクールランブル三学期) —was drawn up in the form of 24 episode synopses, the series was never animated. Instead a two-episode mini-series was released as episodes 25 and 26 of School Rumble: Third Semester. The first 24 episodes follow the manga's storyline between the end of School Rumble: 2nd Semester and the Third Semester mini-series; the promotional videos of the mini-series on the anime's website instead of previews of a new season confirmed that the remaining 24 episodes would not be animated. The School Rumble: Third Semester episodes were released with special editions of volumes 21 and 22 of the School Rumble manga, the first on July 17 and the second on September 17, 2008.

School Rumble, School Rumble: 2nd Semester, and School Rumble: Extra Class were later licensed for an English-language audience by Funimation in North America, Madman Entertainment in Australasia and the first three volumes of season one by Revelation Films in the United Kingdom. On September 1, 2009 Funimation re-released School Rumble: First Semester and Extra class as a compilation. 2nd Semester was re-released as an entire season with a new rating of TV-MA. The anime has also been released in other languages,      and Funimation have made several dubbed episodes of School Rumble and School Rumble: 2nd Semester available as streaming content on the Internet. The Funimation Channel began airing the first season of School Rumble on September 1, 2008. School Rumble: 2nd Semester and the Extra Class OVA has also aired on the Funimation Channel. The 2008's Future Film Festival in Bologna, Italy screened School Rumble: 2nd Semester.

The anime's first season focuses on Tenma, Harima, and Karasuma, and Harima's relationships with other females including Sawachika and Yakumo. Its second season involves more of the secondary cast. The Extra Class OVAs are compiled from various first season storylines. Both the Third Semester synopses and episodes return to the main cast. The anime's structure has been compared to Azumanga Daioh, with thematic influences from Full Metal Panic? Fumoffu. In places it makes deliberate use of unconventional nomenclature; the title of episode 25 of season one is a set of pictograms, while episode 26's title has 187 characters in the Japanese original. In season two, the Japanese title for episode 26 consists of just a period.

The narrative of the School Rumble anime is designed to mirror that of the manga, which results in multiple short story segments with no significant connection. Shown from the perspective of its characters—notably Tenma and Harima as they attempt similar ploys to get their crush to notice their affection —the anime uses absurdist humor which often combines elements of popular culture to explore the love-triangle, with jokes that work on multiple levels. One such example, highlighted by Lisa Marie, reviewer for Anime Today, is the bike chase scene in episode 1 of season one. She notes that while anyone can appreciate the chase's inherent humor, those familiar with Initial D will find another level of appreciation that nevertheless does not interfere with viewers who do not catch the deeper reference. Lisa Marie comments "I certainly admit watching an insane bike chase cross paths with Initial D's famous AE86 has a bit more cachet when you know why there's a cheesily rendered race car in slow moving Eurobeat."

Music
Two anime soundtracks and five maxi single albums based on the anime's opening and closing themes have been released, with all but the second season's closing theme having both a regular and limited edition. In addition, three two-disc drama CDs and three radio dramas have been released on CD. Eight image albums—one for each of the main characters—have also been released, in both a regular and limited edition run.

On December 5, 2004, Yokohama BLITZ held a concert entitled School Rumble PRESENTS Come! come! well-come? party (スクールランブル プレゼンツ Come! come! well-come? party), featuring the voice acting cast of School Rumble. The event was released on DVD on March 24, 2005. Announced around the time of the Japanese release of volume 15, from July 21 through July 25, 2005 a stage play called School Rumble Super Oshibai School Rumble – Osarusan dayo Harima-kun! - (School Rumble スーパーお芝居スクールランブル 〜お猿さんだよ、播磨くん!〜) recapping Season 1 of School Rumble was performed. It was released on DVD on October 10, 2005. Unicorn Table, the soundtrack artists for School Rumble, performed songs from the anime from December 7–9, 2007 at the New York Anime Festival, and again on April 26, 2008 at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York for the Tora-Con anime convention.

Other
Three video games based on School Rumble have been developed and released in Japan. Marvelous Entertainment published the first game for the PlayStation 2 entitled School Rumble: Neru Ko wa Sodatsu (スクールランブル ねる娘は育つ) on July 21, 2005. It was later reissued on August 10, 2006, as a The Best range budget release. Marvelous Entertainment released a second game, entitled School Rumble Nigakki Kyōfu no (?) Natsugasshuku! Yōkan ni Yūrei Arawaru!? Otakara o Megutte Makkō Shōbu!!! no Maki (スクールランブル二学期 恐怖の(?)夏合宿! 洋館に幽霊現る!? お宝を巡って真っ向勝負!!!の巻) on July 20, 2006, also for the PlayStation 2. The story revolves around the School Rumble cast hearing a rumor of treasure hidden within a mansion. Two versions were produced; a regular and a limited edition, the latter of which included a drama CD, memorial album, and a special box with variant cover art. On June 28, 2007, this game was also re-released as a "Best Collection". School Rumble: Nēsan Jiken Desu! (スクールランブル 姉さん事件です!), published on July 7, 2005 for the PlayStation Portable by Bandai. It has an original story based around Karasuma suffering a sudden collapse. Although the story centers on Tenma, the player can take the perspective of other characters to obtain clues for solving the mystery.

School Rumble has been the basis of two light novels and four guidebooks. The light novels, School Rumble: Koi, Shirisomeshi koro ni (スクールランブル〜恋、知りそめし頃に〜) and School Rumble: Me wa Megarodon no Me (スクールランブル〜メはメガロドンのメ〜), were written by Hiroko Tokita and illustrated by Jin Kobayashi and published in April 2004 and December 2007 respectively. They were later translated by Tong Li Comics into Traditional Chinese. Jin Kobayashi and his editors also wrote and illustrated four official guidebooks for the series: School Rumble: Private File, School Rumble: Official File, School Rumble: Pleasure File, and School Rumble: Treasure File.

School Rumble has spawned much merchandise featuring its characters, including T-shirts and figurines.

Fansubs
In 2004, School Rumble's Japanese license holder, Media Factory, declared its titles off-limits to fan-made subtitled translations—a practice known as fansubbing. The directory website AnimeSuki later removed all links to fansubs of Media Factory's work in response to a cease-and-desist notice issued by the license holder, although fansub group Wannabe Fansubs continued their fansubbing regardless. Media Factory-owned anime has been the subject of debate over the validity of fansubbing practice. Proponents believe School Rumble would have more quickly received an English license had fansubs been allowed to circulate more freely, generating viewer interest.

Taiwanese television station fine
On January 19, 2012, the Taiwanese children's channel Momo Kids TV was reported to have received a fine of NT$600,000 (about $20,333 in U.S. currency) for broadcasting an episode of School Rumble on December 26, which according to parental complaints contained "high school students watching a pornographic movie together", along with "a scene of jiggling breasts" and "actors moaning in pornographic movies." However, it is worth noting that the show has aired on various international Cartoon Network stations without controversy.

Sales
The School Rumble manga had a successful sales run in Japan and the North American English market. In Japan, several volumes managed to chart: Volume 13 was the ninth best-selling manga for the week of June 21, 2006, before falling to tenth the following week; Volume 15 reached 4th place for the week of December 20, also falling to 10th the following week; and Volume 17 came 7th for the week of June 20, 2007, subsequently dropping to 9th. School Rumble Z ranked 18th for the week of June 15, 2009. Del Rey's North American translation sold well, although not quite as well as in Japan. Volume 3 was ranked 99th in September 2006; volume 4 was 96th in December; volume 5 was 98th in April 2007; volume 12 was 141st in November 2008; and volume 12 was 169th in May 2009. Overall the series ranked as the 145th best-selling English translated manga series for 2008.

Similarly, the anime adaptation of School Rumble also sold very well in Japan according to the Oricon charts. The Japanese DVD release of First Semester saw fluctuating sales for each volume with each charting within the top 45. Volumes 1 and 5 have the best showings at five times at 15 and twice at 17 respectively, while the final three volumes (7 through 9) were the least successful with volume 8 being the lowest ranking twice at 45. While the 2nd Semester continued to sell well, overall sales did not chart as well as the previous season. Most of the DVDs ranked in the range from 50s to 70s and all of them ranked just twice. Volume 1 ranked the best at 41, followed by volume 4 at 49; volume 6 ranked lowest at 100. The Extra Class OVA also ranked once at 66.

The DVD of the voice actor's live performance, ''come! come! well-come Party'', ranked once at 177 on Oricon charts.

Manga
Although generally well-received, the manga has also attracted some criticism. Eduardo M. Chavez, of Mania.com, recalls being initially put off by the title, which for him conjured images of battles more physical than emotional. After glancing through the first volume, he was surprised to find his assumption wrong, and concluded that it was appropriately named. While he gives a largely positive review, Chavez finds the series' artwork "simple" and unimpressive. He notes that the first volume becomes slightly repetitive, so praises the way that Kobayashi introduces new themes to the second, bringing variety to the setting. Remarking on Kobayashi's ability to draw on numerous influences, Chavez applauds the manga artist for finding fresh ways of using old themes, preventing School Rumble from becoming derivative. He reserves his highest praise for the "flat" chapters dealing with Yakumo. In the next two volumes Chavez approves of the mixture of comedy and romance and the way the characters "grow up", although acknowledging that while the manga's style suits his personal preferences it will not be to everyone's taste. Jason Thompson in Manga: The Complete Guide criticises jokes as "predictable" and gives the manga 2 stars of 5.

Sakura Eries, also of Mania.com, gave volumes five, six, and eight to eleven positive ratings overall. She noted that volume five may appeal to readers more interested in the side characters, and that appreciating Kobayashi's humor in the second half of chapter eight "requires a bit more mental effort". In volume ten, she remarks that while Kobayashi borrows the oft-used cliché of a disastrous school play, he manages to add enough twists to make it unique. The play's climax, however, confused her more than it amused her.

Carlo Santos, of Anime News Network, gave the English releases of volumes two, three, four, and seven mixed—but largely favorable—B-range reviews. Volume nine he awards a C rating. He approved of the character of Harima, particularly enjoying jokes comparing him to St. Francis of Assisi. Santos found the bonus chapters in volumes three and four, that deal with Yakumo, touching. On the other hand, he criticizes various aspects of the artwork and, by volume seven, laments the staleness of recycled jokes. Despite volume nine's strong start, by its end he relates that, although there were some funny moments, he had become weary of its repetitive plot. A fellow reviewer from Anime News Network, Carl Kimlinger, decided after reviewing four volumes that while the early volumes do not assist plot development, neither do they detract from the manga's appeal; he too had a positive impression overall. Kimlinger found the later volumes better and more entertaining, although not always during the romantic moments.

Chavez praised Del Rey's translation for retaining the manga's original identity; the header, bumper artwork, character biographies, and front covers are all but identical to the Japanese. Eries also thanked Del Rey's translation notes for clearing up some misconceptions for her, although she later concluded that their quality has deteriorated as the series progresses.

Aka Akasaka, the original creator of Kaguya-sama: Love Is War, has revealed that he was inspired by School Rumble to create Kaguya-sama.

Anime
Like the manga, the anime has been well received but does not avoid criticism; in particular the quality of the animation for both seasons, including the OVAs, has attracted mixed reviews. Some of the humor and romantic elements have been derided while the English dubbing and soundtrack have been universally praised. Most reviewers took the position that, even if they dislike certain elements, the series as a whole contains something that makes them want to see more; a view summed up by Chris Beveridge of Mania.com, who writes: "The stories are really quite simple as well as being things we've seen done dozens of times before. Yet it manages to infuse it with a great deal of fun and humor even if it is familiar. There's a certain energy here that works in the shows [sic] favor as well as bringing in some different elements in terms of the characters. It also doesn't hurt that several of the characters really are quite dim which is a nice contrast from the usual kind of leads."

Beveridge cautioned that because the anime was designed around the non-linear format of the manga, its transitions might at first be troublesome for the viewer, but by the final volume finds the anime in all its aspects far superior.

While School Rumble is generally recognised as a shōnen title targeting the young male market, Katherine Luther, staff reviewer for About.com, refers to it as a shōjo title aimed at girls and young women. Lisa Marie, reviewer for RightStuf's Anime Today podcast, agrees that others, notably males, might see the series as shōjo. Luther calls the first DVD "the perfect back-to-school accessory", while Marie characterizes School Rumble as "insane", asserting it appears on the surface more laid back than other titles like Excel Saga and Haré + Guu. However, it uses its "cast to break...every rule of reality, but it plays everything so straight [that] it takes you a moment to realize what just happened doesn't make any sense." A fan of the subgenre, she praises the anime it for its surreal humour, and for being "anime newbie friendly" in that its jokes work on multiple levels. Not all are of Japanese origin—such as a reference to the long triangular resolution of Star Wars 'Return of the Jedi—giving the series broad appeal.

Anime News Network's reviewers found much to enjoy about the first series, although Theron Martin warns that the first DVD should be "watched in small doses, as trying to tackle too much of it in one sitting will elevate the suicide rate of your brain cells". Carl Kimlinger comments that "from the moment the words 'School Rumble' come spinning onto the screen, you know you're in for ... undiluted good times", and that the title is "two of the greatest animation non-sequiturs you're likely to see anytime soon". Carlo Santos praises volume six's bizarre comedy, but laments its romantic elements as being too generic. Overall, his rating is mediocre, saying that "although this disc technically marks the end of [the first season of] School Rumble, it's really more of a pause, seeing as how the last few episodes simply ride along with the plot rather than try to reach a dramatic finish". Reviewers from Mania.com followed this pattern; Dani Moure was skeptical of the series' long-term entertainment value, but like fellow reviewer Danielle Van Gorder, found his early indifference fading as the story develops. IGN's Jeff Harris, N.S. Davidson, and David F. Smith gave mostly positive reviews, although Davidson believes the audio and extras had begun to wane by volume five. Jakub Lhota of Reanimated rated the first season an 8/10, stating that he enjoyed it more than some other anime series he had previously watched, and the style—if not always the color —of Funimation's metallic locker artbox for School Rumble's English translation of the first season was welcomed.

According to Theron Martin, the OVA series School Rumble: Extra Class was made mostly for devoted fans; claiming that familiarity with the series is almost a necessity before watching it, although he later came to the view that it may also be useful as a sampler of the series. Chris Beveridge gives the OVA series an overall negative review. He did not highlight a single specific reason, instead observing that although all elements that "make the TV series enjoyable are certainly present here, they just feel weaker". However, it did make him want to watch more of the television series, thus serving its intended purpose in keeping interest in the series alive. Katherine Luther endorsed the view that viewers need to be familiar with the story, but reviewed the OVA positively. While she noted lulls in the action, she believes fans will be able to overlook this. Unlike Martin, Luther did not believe the OVA is a good introduction to School Rumble, due to its short sequences and seemingly random nature.

Zac Bertschy of Anime News Network declined to post commentary on the preview announcement for the second season, claiming "we assume if you loved School Rumble, you're gonna check out the sequel regardless of what anyone says, so why bother reviewing it?" David F. Smith from IGN gave the first part of season two a rating of 6/10, with lower scores for the Funimation extras and higher ones for the plot and story. Specifically, Smith praised the anime for never taking itself seriously, and the studio for not cutting its budget for sight gags—something he notes that other companies do. Tim Jones from THEM Anime Reviews found the second season funny and nonrepetitive, and Bamboo Dong of Anime News Network praised the second season for not conforming to the conventions of reality. She complimented it for focusing more on the other students and their relationships than on the main love triangle. Chris Beveridge claimed that, although it comes across well, the season should not be watched in a marathon sitting. He was more critical of Funimation's packaging, preferring the first season's metal locker boxart to the packing for the half-season sets.

title: School Rumble


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 * (This information has been derived from MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Basal Multituberculata, an internet directory.  As that's my webpage, there are no issues of copyright.  Trevor Dykes)

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Fergana

Fergana, or Ferghana, also Farghana is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.

History
Fergana first appears in written records in the 5th-century. However, archeological evidence demonstrates that the city had been populated since the Chalcolithic period. Like many other Central Asian places in the sixth and seventh-centuries, Fergana was ruled by the Western Turkic Khaganate. Although it was still predominantly inhabited by eastern Iranians, many Turks had also started to settle there. The city of Fergana was refounded in 1876 as a garrison town and colonial appendage to Margilan (13+1/2 mi to the northwest) by the Russian Empire.

Fergana Region is one of the centers of ancient culture in Uzbekistan. Photographs of Stone Age settlements and rocks found in the area show that stone tools have been used by people in the valley since ancient times. Excavations of the Great Fergana Canal have played an important role in the study of archaeological monuments in the region. During the excavation of the canal, monuments from the Bronze Age, slavery and land ownership were discovered and studied. Finds from the 5th century BC and early medieval period in the town of Quva are well studied. Historical sources from the 10th to 11th century state that this city was the largest and most prosperous in the valley after Akhsikath. Archaeological materials confirm that the city of Margilan was a large village in the 10th century and took on the appearance of a hamlet in the 11th and 12th centuries.

The monuments found in the settlements of the Chust culture, engaged in sedentary agriculture and animal husbandry, are important for the study of the Fergana Valley. Archaeological excavations show that the Fergana Region has long been inhabited by people engaged in hunting, farming, animal husbandry, and at later stages of the existence of human society, culture began to develop.

It was initially named New Margelan (Новый Маргелан), then renamed Skobelov (Скобелев) in 1907 after the first Russian military governor of the Fergana Valley, Mikhail Skobelev. In 1924, after the Soviet Union's reconquest of the region from the Basmachi movement, the name was changed to Fergana, after the province of which it was the centre.

The industrial base of Fergana was developed in the 20th century. Industry in the city included textile manufacturing and a nitric fertiliser plant. Some of the industrial development was a result of Evacuation in the Soviet Union during World War II.

Fergana has been a center for oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region's first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then, more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is transported by pipeline to the valley, where it is used to manufacture fertilizer. The Great Fergana Canal, built almost entirely by hand during the 1930s, passes through the northern part of the city and was completed in 1939. During its construction, the canal and the city were widely photographed by the noted photographer Max Penson. With a western loan Fergana is able to modernize its refinery and also reduce air pollution emissions.

Climate
Fergana has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk). Winters are cold and short, with a daily average low temperature of −2.6 °C and a daily average high of 4.8 °C in January; summers are hot, with an average low temperature of 20.6 °C and an average high of 35.1 °C in July. Annual precipitation is less than 188.1 mm, and most of this falls in winter and spring.

Population
As of January 1, 2014, the city had a population of 340,600, making it the 3rd largest city in the Fergana Valley.

The town was Russian for the first time after its foundation. In 1911 its population consisted of 11,892 people. Of them Russians were 7,534 (63%), Sarts were 2,590 (22%). According to the 1926 census, of the 14,275 inhabitants in the city, there were 7,942 Russians (55%), 667 were Ukrainians (4.6%), and 514 were Jews (3.6%), while there were only 3,011 Uzbeks (21.0%).

As of 2013, Fergana is virtually mono-ethnic - of the city's 350,600 residents, 316,268 are Uzbek (90.0%).

In addition to Uzbeks, 12,084 Russians (3.4%), 3,114 Tajiks (1.1%), 2,028 Koreans (0.7%), and 626 Tatars (0.2%) also live in Fergana. There are also Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Jews, Germans and representatives of other nations.

Demographics
The population of Fergana city is approximately 321,800 as of 2024, was 314,400 as of 2023, and 299,200 as of 2022. Uzbeks are the largest ethnic group, with Russian-speakers comprising about 25% of the city's population.

Sport
Thanks to independence, Uzbek sport is developing. Sports are becoming more and more popular in all regions of the country. The fact that in recent years world and Asian champions in various sports have appeared in Fergana Region testifies to the fact that physical culture and sports are becoming more and more popular among Fergana residents, especially among the youth. In 1991 there were only 17 stadiums in Fergana region, now there are 46,759 football fields and 33 modern tennis courts. Many sports facilities have been built in Fergana, such as Istiklol tennis complex, Kimyogar complex, swimming pool and Istiklol stadium, equipped with equipment that fully meets the world standards.

Architecture
Fergana has a high proportion of Russians, Soviet Koreans and Tatars compared to other Fergana Valley cities. With its wide, tree-lined boulevards and Russian Empire-era buildings, and the Russian language spoken frequently on the streets, the city has a distinctly different feel from the rest of the region.

Main sights

 * Museum of Local Studies — with displays of natural history, photographs, and local handicrafts
 * Regional Theatre — in 1877 the house of General Mikhail “Old Bloody Eyes” Skobelev
 * Fergana State University — built in 1902

Notable people

 * Shamshad Abdullaev — male Soviet and post-Soviet Uzbek author and poet
 * Anastasiya Miroshnichenko — female artistic gymnast
 * Xudoyberdi To'xtaboyev — male Soviet and post-Soviet Uzbek author
 * Ziroatkhon Hoshimova — First Lady of Uzbekistan
 * Peter Mikhailovich Kulakov — male Soviet and post-Soviet television evangelist for the Seventh-day Adventist Church
 * Ida Mayrin — Uzbek-Israeli Olympic rhythmic gymnast
 * Yadgar Nasriddinova — female Soviet Uzbek engineer and member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
 * Abdulla Qahhor — Soviet Uzbek writer
 * Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi — Imperial Russian and Soviet poet and playwright
 * Saida Mirziyoyeva — politician, eldest daughter of the President of Uzbekistan
 * Furqat — poet in the Russian Empire exiled to Chinese Turkestan

Sports clubs

 * FC Neftchi Fergana
 * FK Istiqlol Fergana

title: Fergana


text:
Talk:Admiralty Islands

Untitled
manus is in principle the med./lat. descriptive word of hand. unfortunately it collides with an english province name of Papua New Guinea so i could only set a mark on top of the according page as a simple disambiguation --Ebricca 11:15, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Admiralty Islands


text:
User:Siroxo/test

hey ya this is here

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— siro χ  o   03:22, September 5, 2005 (UTC) — siro χ  o  03:23, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Siroxo/test


text:
Street Sharks

Street Sharks is an American superhero animated series about the adventures of crime-fighting half-man/half-sharks. It was produced by DIC Productions, L.P. and Bohbot Entertainment, and aired from 1994 to 1997, originally as a part of Bohbot's Amazin' Adventures programming block. before moving to ABC for its final season. The show promoted a line of action figures by Mattel. The creators were David Siegel and Joe Galliani of Mr. Joe's Really Big Productions.

In 1996, the Street Sharks were paired with the Dino Vengers and the show was retitled Dino Vengers Featuring Street Sharks. The Dino Vengers would later receive their own short-lived spinoff, where they were renamed the Extreme Dinosaurs.

The series features theme music by Michael Benghiat and Lois Blaisch. Additional songs were written by Megan Cavallari and David Goldsmith.

Plot
A university professor named Dr. Robert Bolton and his partner Dr. Luther Paradigm create a machine known as the "gene-slammer" which is capable of changing aquatic animals into anthropomorphic hybrids by combining their DNA. In his attempt to prevent Paradigm from using this machine for personal power, Bolton is transformed into an unseen monstrosity, but escapes. Later, Paradigm gives Bolton's four sons John, Bobby, Coop, and Clint the likeness of four different sharks. When Dr. Paradigm captures their friend Bends, the resulting "Street Sharks" rescue him and the resulting battle causes Paradigm to be combined with piranha DNA (for which he is often nicknamed "Dr. Piranoid" by other characters). While the Street Sharks are known to enjoy eating hot dogs, hamburgers, and shakes, they have shown a disdain for pizza when they shoot down that suggestion to Bends and Lena Mack.

In subsequent episodes, Dr. Paradigm creates a variety of mutant animals to destroy the Street Sharks while attempting to persuade the inhabitants of their native metropolis of Fission City to imprison them. Of these mutant animals, a few sided with the Sharks themselves: namely Rox, Moby Lick, Mantaman, and El Swordo.

The final few episodes introduced the Dino Vengers: a group of extraterrestrial dinosaurs allied with the Street Sharks against their own rivals in the Raptor Gang. When Dr. Paradigm wanted to get a sample of the Raptors' DNA to improve himself, they trick him by giving him iguana DNA which transforms him into "Dr. Iguanazoid" leading to him working with the Raptors where they will reward him by correcting the DNA mistake they gave him. In the end, Paradigm is captured and imprisoned while the Raptor Gang leaves Earth.

The Dino Vengers later had their own series called Extreme Dinosaurs where they and the Raptors had different backgrounds.

Bolton family

 * Ripster (voiced by Lee Tockar) – John Bolton is the smartest, the leader, and oldest of the four brothers who enjoys creating inventions. He has taken up most of his knowledge and skills from his father. He is also an avid pool player. In the first episode of the show, John rides a motorbike. When transformed into Ripster, he becomes a great white shark able to bite through steel as well as having extrasensory abilities.
 * Jab (voiced by Matt Hill) – Clint Bolton is the laziest of the Street Sharks, but enjoys boxing and appears to have some talent with mechanics. When transformed into Jab, he becomes a hammerhead shark and uses his head as a battering ram.
 * Streex (voiced by Andrew Rannells) – Robert "Bobby" Bolton Jr. is a level-headed, cool, and self-proclaimed ladies' man. He is always shown wearing his rollerblades and appears to enjoy parachuting and snowboarding and later plays drums professionally. When transformed into Streex, he becomes a tiger shark named after the purple streaks on his body. In the toyline, he was originally called "Blades" for his skills as a rollerblader.
 * Big Slammu (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – Coop Bolton is the strongest and youngest of the four. He is also a football player in high school. In the first episode, he uses a skateboard. When transformed into Big Slammu, he becomes a whale shark and his most prominent maneuver is the "Seismic Slam" in which he may shake or crack the ground with his fists.
 * Dr. Robert Bolton (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – a university professor and the father of the Bolton Brothers who invents the gene-manipulation device for peaceful uses. He is only seen on-screen in the first episode where he tries to stop Dr. Paradigm's experiments only to become changed into an unseen inhuman creature. Afterward, he is only ever represented by a shadow cast on the wall (either as a humanoid or as an animal-like monstrosity). It is suggested through the series that Dr. Bolton secretly assists his sons. The episode "Shark Source" shows him defeating Dr. Piranoid to rescue a kidnapped mutant crocodile. Despite the fact that he helps them, Dr. Bolton is never reunited with his sons, but he does contact his sons through a TV screen where the transmission keeps even the viewers from seeing his current appearance.
 * Sir Thomas Bolton - an ancestor of the protagonists who is encountered in the episode "Sir Shark-a-Lot". He is the target of Paradigm's time-travel excursion to destroy the Bolton family.

Allies

 * Lena Mack (voiced by Pam Carter) – a student of Dr. Paradigm's who suspects him of crime and therefore assists the Street Sharks. She is later reduced to a background role and has a younger brother named Malik.
 * Bends (voiced by Jim Hoggatt) – Fission University's technical genius and a source of comic relief who supplies the Street Sharks with their motorbikes and weapons and conceals them underneath the University's ice skating rink. In episode 16, it is revealed that he cannot be mutated by a gene-slamming airborne virus. This genetic trait was passed down to his great, great, great grandson who is a member of the resistance against Dr. Paradigm in an alternate future as seen in "Shark to the Future".
 * Moby Lick – Jets Taylor is a good friend of the Bolton Brothers and Bends. Under Dr. Paradigm's mind-control, Jets is combined with a killer whale by Dr. Paradigm in order to make him his latest Seaviate. Becoming Moby Lick, he later broke free of Paradigm's mind control and became an ally of the Street Sharks. Moby Lick has a long prehensile tongue (the source of his name), great strength, the ability to inhale water and expel it through his blowhole, and later demonstrated the ability to communicate with other killer whales. In "Shark Hunt", Moby became an eco-conservationist in the Everglades National Park.
 * Rox (voiced by Lee Tockar) – Melvin Kresnik is an up-and-coming musician mistakenly combined with a bull shark who exposes Dr. Paradigm's plan to change Kresnik's audience into mutants. Thereafter, Rox continues as a rock star by explaining his altered form as a costume and remains a friend of the Sharks. In the toyline, Rox is labelled as a mako shark instead of a bull shark. He was dropped from the series after season two.
 * David Horne (voiced by Tony Wike) – the President of the United States. The Street Sharks save him from Dr. Paradigm before he can be "gene washed" like he did with Vice-President Russell. Following this incident, President Horne secretly leaks information to the Street Sharks.
 * El Swordo (voiced by Garry Chalk) – a circus performer who worked with a large marlin named Spike. The two were eventually "fused" together by Dr. Paradigm resulting in a combination of memories under the man's personality. El Swordo remains active in entertainment as a professional swordsman.
 * Mantaman (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – a flying dinosaur-like alien specimen was found encased in stone by Dr. Terrence "Terry" Morton and reactivated by Dr. Paradigm. Dr. Morton then deliberately gene-slammed himself with a combination of the alien's DNA and manta ray DNA to help the Street Sharks fight the original alien. He has a younger brother named Ryan who appears in "Shark Jacked" when he gets captured by Dr. Paradigm. By the end of the episode, Mantaman's parents learn of what became of their son and accept his appearance. Around the "Ancient Sharkonauts" episode, Mantaman returns under the control of the Raptors when it was revealed that they were behind the flying dinosaur-like alien whose DNA is part of Mantaman. He is later liberated by the Street Sharks.
 * The Dino Vengers – a military unit from an exoplanet inhabited by anthropomorphic dinosaurs who later allied with the Street Sharks. Once ordinary members of their race, the four volunteered to receive genetic enhancements that made them far larger and stronger to better combat Bad Rap and his gang of terrorists.
 * T-Bone (voiced by Ian James Corlett) – a Tyrannosaurus and the leader of the Dino Vengers.
 * Stegz (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – a Stegosaurus.
 * Bullzeye (voiced by Jason Michas) – a Pteranodon.
 * Spike (voiced by Garry Chalk) – a Triceratops.

Antagonists

 * Dr. Luther Paradigm (voiced by J. Michael Lee) – the main antagonist of the series and arch-enemy of the Street Sharks. A professor at Fission City University, he is easily identified by his metal eyepatch and later by a giant yellow robotic exoskeleton, with offensive capabilities including the ability to fire harpoons. In the second episode, Dr. Paradigm is injected with piranha DNA meant for Bends as the Street Sharks nicknamed him Dr. Piranoid. Afterwards, Paradigm's face assumes inhuman attributes at moments of strong emotion. When in public, Dr. Paradigm wears a robe to hide his exoskeleton. When Dr. Bolton defeated Dr. Piranoid to rescue a captive mutant crocodile and damaged his armor, it was shown that parts of his body were piranha-like. During episodes featuring the Dino-Vengers, Dr. Paradigm injected himself with iguana DNA which was given to him by the Raptors instead of Velociraptor DNA and was renamed Dr. Iguanazoid by the Street Sharks as a result. He has since helped out the Raptors with their plots hoping that they will actually give him Velociraptor DNA. By "Shark-apolypse Now!", Dr. Iguanazoid is apprehended by the Street Sharks.
 * SharkBot (voiced by Steve Gibbs) – a product of Dr. Paradigm's experimentation with robotics. It was used to free Repteel from prison and frame the Street Sharks for the crime. The Sharks ultimately reprogrammed SharkBot to destroy Paradigm's laboratory. SharkBot was later rebuilt into SharkBot 2.0 which fought the Street Sharks until the end of the series' second season.
 * Tentakill – a bipedal creature of unknown origins and species, first seen in the episode "Sir Shark-a-Lot" as Paradigm's newest weapon. It is incapable of speech, shows limited intelligence, and was not utilized often.
 * Seaviates – a group of mutant sea creatures that serve Dr. Paradigm.
 * Slobster (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – a lobster injected with the DNA of Genghis Khan and Thomas Blood. He and Slash only appear in season one (although they still appear in the opening credits).
 * Slash (voiced by Terry Berner) – a swordfish injected with the DNA of villains like Genghis Khan and Thomas Blood like Slobster. Thus, he becomes an anthropomorphic swordfish with a drill bit on its nose who speaks in a hissing lisp. Slash is usually defeated by the immobilization of his nasal drill. He and Slobster only appear in season one (although they still appear in the opening credits).
 * Killamari (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – an anthropomorphic squid that is able to project natural "spears" or "harpoons" from his mouth and the many suckers covering his body. In the episode "Lone Shark", he almost kills Jab with his venom. Lena and Bends concoct an anti-venom which has since reduced his threat.
 * Repteel (voiced by Tony Wike) – the only one of Dr. Paradigm's Seaviates to have originally been human. Mr. Cunneyworth is the aged owner and hotel manager of a run-down hotel accidentally demolished by the Street Sharks during a fight with Dr. Paradigm's Seaviates. As he had nowhere else to go, Mr. Cunneyworth willingly allowed Dr. Paradigm to merge his genetic codes with those of a moray eel and an electric eel. As Repteel, he feeds on electricity and shoots miniature eels (also charged with electricity) from his hands and wears a special pack to store energy.
 * Shrimp Louie (voiced by Andrew Rannells) – a mutated shrimp and one of Paradigm's later Seaviates, although it is unclear if he was human first or not. He is not very strong, is quite the coward and his primary weapons are big blaster guns. He only appears in seasons 2 and 3.
 * Maximillian Greco – an aged mafioso crime boss who blackmails Dr. Paradigm into using the Genetic Engineering Chamber to gene-slam him with the DNA of a rhinoceros (upon its nose-hair samples being obtained) and the DNA of a desert tortoise upon learning of his illegal and secret experiments. This granted Greco with the strength of a rhinoceros and the longevity of a desert tortoise which rejuvenated Greco to half his real age. He later resurfaced as the owner of a casino.
 * Zeus and Apollo (vocal effects provided by D. Kevin Williams) – Maximillian Greco's pet Chihuahuas. Like their owner, they were also genetically enhanced by Dr. Paradigm which made them larger than normal.
 * Malcolm Medusa III (voiced by J. Michael Lee) – a rich businessman and big game hunter who frequently targets endangered animals. The Street Sharks and Moby Lick expose him. In "Shark Hunt", Malcolm Medusa III traps Moby Lick and the Street Sharks in a hunting enclosure. He is eventually imprisoned in an island prison as he plans his revenge.
 * Clammando (voiced by D. Kevin Williams) – a mutant clam who is Malcolm Medusa III's right-hand man. He started out as a dock worker for Malcolm Medusa III who fell into a toxic waste part of the water where there were clams in it. As a result upon being fished out by Malcolm, he turned into a mutant clam. In "Shark to the Future", Clammando's appearance was first used as a Seaviate that worked for Dr. Paradigm during the Street Sharks' visit to the future.
 * Dr. Tecno-Piranoid (voiced by J. Michael Lee) – a future counterpart of Dr. Paradigm. He is more evil and quite possibly more powerful than the present day version. Dr. Tecno-Piranoid first appears in the episode "Shark to the Future" when the Street Sharks visit his timeline where he has taken over the world with an army of Seaviates. In "Shark Wars", Dr. Tecno-Piranoid appears in the present to collaborate with his present day counterpart to make sure an event that led to his future remains intact. Like how Paradigm has SharkBots serving him, this version has MechoSharks as his mechanical army. When the Street Sharks foiled the plot, Dr. Tecno-Piranoid vanished when his future was rewritten.
 * MechoSharks – Dr. Tecno-Piranoid's army of mechanized shark monsters.
 * The Raptors – a trio of rogue Velociraptor-like criminals who come from the same exoplanet as the Dino Vengers.
 * Bad Rap (voiced by Doug Parker) – the leader of the Raptors who has a metal brace-like device on his mouth and a rocket launcher on his right hand.
 * Haxx (voiced by Doug Parker) – a Raptor with implants on the backs of each wrist that produce green blades. His tail has been replaced with a blade capable of spinning like a drill.
 * Spittor (voiced by Doug Parker) – the scientist and brains of the Raptors. Spittor carries a tank with various liquids released from nozzles on his hands, tail, and mouth.

Recurring characters

 * Guy in the Sky (voiced by Tony Wike) – Fission City's top air radio reporter and paparazzo. He was never fully seen, but is recognized by a yellow helicopter. The Guy in the Sky was later dropped from the show after first season.
 * Detective Michael Brock – the police detective who investigates the Sharks' activities. He was later dropped from the show after first season.
 * Mayor Moreno - an African-American mayor of Fission City.
 * Danielle Lafond - Fission City's news reporter.

Season 3 (1996–97)
The third season of the series received a retooling, introducing a fellow team of characters titled the Dino Vengers. This season aired on ABC's Saturday-morning cartoon block during the fall of 1996.

United States
In 1995, Buena Vista Home Video released a VHS titled The Gene Slamming Begins, which featured the first 3 episodes of Season 1: "Sharkbait", "Sharkbite" and "Sharkstorm" combined into a feature-length format. Buena Vista followed this release with two tapes featuring Season 1 episodes: "Shark Quest", which had the episodes "Shark Quest" and "Lone Shark", and the other: "Shark 'n' Roll" which featured the episodes "Shark 'n' Roll" and "Fresh Water Shark". Unusually, these releases were branded as regular BVHV releases rather than being released under the DIC Toon-Time Video label, unlike other DIC VHS's released by the company at the time.

In 2012, Mill Creek Entertainment acquired the rights to release the series on DVD. They released Street Sharks - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time in February 2013. Mill Creek Entertainment re-released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 five years later in January.

Discotek Media released the series on SD Blu-ray under license from 41 Entertainment and Invincible Entertainment Partners on March 29, 2022. This was Discotek Media's first release of a Western animated series that is not based on a video game.

United Kingdom
In 1996, BMG Video released three VHS tapes in the United Kingdom, featuring the same episodes as the U.S. VHS's, although the first tape was retitled as Jawsome!.

In 2004, Anchor Bay U.K. released a single-DVD/VHS volume featuring the first 4 episodes.

In 2005, Avenue Entertainment released two DVD volumes containing two episodes each: Volume 1 featured "Sharkbite" and "Shark Fight" and Volume 2 featured "Sky Sharks" and "Shark of Steel".

Tie-in products
In 1996, Archie Comics released a short-lived comic book series based on Street Sharks. They published a three-issue miniseries which was based on the first three episodes of the series, and a regular comic series, which lasted three issues.

From 1994 to 1997, Mattel released a line of Street Sharks action figures.; A relaunch of the action figures was announced by Mattel in 2024 for the series' 30th anniversary, featuring Ripster, Jab, and Slash in the first wave; figures for Streex, Big Slammu, and Dr. Piranoid have also been revealed.

title: Street Sharks


text: Category:Kleberg County, Texas

title: Category:Kleberg County, Texas


text:
Talk:Georgetown University

Issues with this FA
There are some issues with this article: Those are the major issues. There're some other things, like repetitive citations in the lead, but they aren't pressing. ~ HAL  333  18:47, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Unsourced content
 * Some sandwiching of images and tables
 * Dated content
 * It may also be overly dependent on primary sources, but I'm not sure.

 * I pushed hard to get this to FA in 2007, and to keep it there for several years, but admit my involvement has tapered off over the last decade. I keep hoping another student, alum, or qualified editor will take up the project of keeping this article and subarticles up to date. I know has done fantastic work on the president and Jesuit articles, and there may be some text and sources from those that overlaps and could help here. School articles will always have unsourced content, particularly with a student life section, but I'd say that's easier to remove without sacrificing the comprehensiveness of the article by-in-large. And primary sources are indeed an ongoing issue, many facts and figures have to come directly from branches of the school, but I think we'd rather have the info than not. When appropriate, it's fine to preface info as "According to the school..." to make it clear to readers it's a primary-sourced figure. I'd say the dated statement are in a way the most concerning to me, since they can kind of snowball when you realize how much of the article needs major prose rewrites because of the new data. I use a lot of Template:As of tags in the prose, so that can help identify facts tied to a date, just by searching   in the edit window.-- Patrick, o Ѻ ∞ 13:04, 1 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Something that I have long had on the back burner is doing a proper WP:FAR for this article, since it's been well over a decade since it went through its FAC. did a fantastic job with this article the first time around and has maintained it diligently, so I very much hope you will contribute your input at FAR; I know I'd definitely rely on it. I just don't have the bandwidth to dedicate a lot of time to wiki right now, but I will have more in August. If the status quo for this article can remain until then, that would be appreciated.  Ergo Sum   14:03, 1 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Postponing until next month sounds like a perfectly reasonable request to me. I do think it'd be nice to have an FAR, given how long it's been since the previous one and how much college articles change (they're not as stable as e.g. history articles). As WP:HED's roster of FAs dwindles, this article takes on more and more of a role as a showcase model, so it's important it be up to par. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 06:54, 22 July 2021 (UTC)
 * @Ergo Sum and Patrickneil: Just following up, any updates on preferences for scheduling the FAR? {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 22:04, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm totally fine with primary sources from the university when that information can't be sourced from anywhere else. But I think there are many cases where secondary sources could replace these. For example, I would replace the Hoya source which describes the crucufix additions that "attracted national attention". If that change did indeed attract national attemtion, I'm sure the NYT or Wapo covered it. ~ HAL  333  16:23, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

I am pinging you because you participated in the above discussion or made significant contributions to the article since Hal333 posted their notice. Have the above concerns been addressed, and does the article fulfill the FA criteria? If so, can you mark this as "Satisfactory" at WP:URFA/2020A? If not, are you interested in making improvements to the article, or should we prepare this for FAR? Z1720 (talk) 21:20, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It's funny you should post this just now, as I was literally in the middle of writing the FAR. Give me a few minutes and I'll have it up. Best, {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 21:23, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

Greek life
@Brettoppenheimer: lists of Greek institutions are better placed on list pages, since their content relevance for an encyclopedia is marginal. Also, there is not enough reliable documentation about them. Most Wikipedia editors agree that rote listings of Greek institutions are not helpful if there is no sourcing from outside Georgetown's homepage or the fraternity's own circle. If you can prove that one or more of the Greek houses is significant, then pls do so, but for the most part, individual houses fall under WP:UNDUE. That is, they are not significant enough for an encyclopdia. Here is an example of the lists, which are more appropriate. -- Melchior2006 (talk) 10:13, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

generic subcategory called "events"
I changed the section to traditions, that corresponds better to its content, and deleted: ''Georgetown University hosts notable speakers each year, largely because of the success of the Georgetown Lecture Fund and the Office of Communications. These are frequently important heads of state who visit Georgetown while in the capital, as well as scholars, authors, U.S. politicians, global business leaders, and religious figures. Many prominent alumni are known to frequent the main campus. The Office of the President hosts numerous symposia on religious topics, such as Nostra aetate, Pacem in terris, and the Building Bridges Seminar.'' All of this detail is very generic for higher ed and not notable. -- Melchior2006 (talk) 16:53, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Georgetown University


text:
Sathyamangalam

Sathyamangalam (also known as Sathy) is a town and municipality in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on the banks of the Bhavani river, a tributary of the Cauvery in the foothills of the Western Ghats and is the headquarters of Sathyamangalam taluk. It is about 65 km from Erode, 58 km from Tiruppur and 65 km from Coimbatore. As of 2011, the town had a population of 37,816.

History
The region was ruled by the Cheras and Vijayanagara empire. It was captured by Tipu Sultan and after Tipu's defeat, British annexed it to their territory.

Geography
Sathyamangalam is situated on the southern side of the Western Ghats, which extend towards the east from the Nilgiri mountains. The general topography is not flat and covered by sloping lands. Bhavani river flows at the center of the town from west to east. Agricultural wet lands are predominant on both sides of the river and dry lands are predominant on the northern side of the town. The soil mainly consists of black loam, red loam and red sand.

Flora and fauna
A portion of the Sathyamangalam forests was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 2008 and as a tiger reserve in 2013. Sathyamangalam was declared as reserve forest under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. It is contiguous with the Biligirirangan Temple Wildlife Sanctuary to the north in neighboring Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka, and together forms a vital corridor for elephant movements. The 2009 wildlife survey enumerated 10 Bengal tigers, 866 Indian elephants, 672 gaurs, and 27 leopards. The survey party observed four additional species of horned antelope including 2,348 spotted deer, 1,068 blackbuck, 304 sambar deer, 77 barking deer and four-horned antelope, 843 wild boar, 43 sloth bear and 15 striped hyenas. Herds of the famous feral buffaloes can also be spotted in places near the Moyar river.

Demographics
According to 2011 census, Sathyamangalam had a population of 37,816 with a sex-ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 3,382 were under the age of six, constituting 1,737 males and 1,645 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 10.38% and 0.74% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 72.02%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 11,148 households. There were a total of 17,451 workers, comprising 1,094 cultivators, 1,882 main agricultural labourers, 741 in house hold industries, 11,272 other workers, 2,462 marginal workers, 26 marginal cultivators, 430 marginal agricultural labourers, 136 marginal workers in household industries and 1,870 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Sathyamangalam had 86.3% Hindus, 10.2% Muslims, 3.4% Christians and 0.1% others.

Administrationand politics
Sathyamangalam is the headquarters for Sathyamangalam taluka in Erode District. The town was upgraded to a third grade municipality from the status of town panchayat in 1970 and subsequently as a second grade Municipality in 1977. It was elevated to a first grade municipality in 1998. Sathyamanagalam assembly constituency was merged with Bhavani Sagar as a part of delimitation by the Election Commission of India. It was a part of the Gobichettipalayam parliamentary constituency until 2010 before being merged with Nilgiris.

Economy
Sathyamangalam is a town with an agricultural linter land on all sides. Sathyamangalam municipality's area in 29.24 km, comprising four revenue villages. Only 11.46% of the municipal area is developed as urban area and the remaining 89.54% remains undeveloped agricultural land.

Transport
The town is situated at a distance of 65 km from district headquarters Erode, connected through State Highway 15 via Gobichettipalayam. The Coimbatore-Bangalore National Highway (NH 948) passes through this town. It is well connected by buses from nearby towns and cities with frequent buses available to/from Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Gobichettipalayam and Mysore. The nearest railway station is at Tiruppur (57 km). A proposal to construct a railway line connecting Mysore with Erode via Sathyamangalam was mooted during the British rule in 1915. Four official surveys were made in 1922, 1936, 1942 and as recently as 2008, but the plan failed to take off due to the concerns of railway line passing through the Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport, located 74 km from the town. The airport has regular flights from/to major domestic destinations and international destinations like Sharjah, Colombo and Singapore.

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve located along the area straddling both the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats on the outskirts of the town. The Sathyamangalam Forest Division is part of the Bramhagiri-Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats Elephant Reserve notified in 2003. In 2008, part of the Sathyamangalam Forest Division was declared as a wildlife sanctuary and enlarged in 2011, it covers a forest area of 1411.6 km2 and is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. In 2013, an area of 1408.6 km2 of the erstwhile sanctuary was notified as a tiger reserve. It was the fourth tiger reserve established in Tamil Nadu as a part of Project Tiger and is the third largest in the state.

Bhavanisagar Dam
Bhavanisagar dam is located about 16 km west of Sathyamangalam. The dam is constructed on the Bhavani river. It is one of the world's largest earthen dams.

title: Sathyamangalam


text:
Epson

Seiko Epson Corporation, commonly known as Epson, is a Japanese multinational electronics company and one of the world's largest manufacturers of printers and information- and imaging-related equipment. Headquartered in Suwa, Nagano, Japan, the company has numerous subsidiaries worldwide and manufactures inkjet, dot matrix, thermal and laser printers for consumer, business and industrial use, scanners, laptop and desktop computers, video projectors, watches, point of sale systems, robots and industrial automation equipment, semiconductor devices, crystal oscillators, sensing systems and other associated electronic components.

The company has developed as one of manufacturing and research and development (formerly known as Seikosha) of the former Seiko Group, a name traditionally known for manufacturing Seiko timepieces. Seiko Epson was one of the major companies in the Seiko Group, but is neither a subsidiary nor an affiliate of Seiko Group Corporation.

Origins
The roots of Seiko Epson Corporation go back to a company called Daiwa Kogyo, Ltd. which was founded in May 1942 by Hisao Yamazaki, a local clock shop owner and former employee of K. Hattori, in Suwa, Nagano. Daiwa Kogyo was supported by an investment from the Hattori family (founder of the Seiko Group) and began as a manufacturer of watch parts for Daini Seikosha (currently Seiko Instruments). The company started operation in a 230 m2 renovated miso storehouse with 22 employees.

In 1943, Daini Seikosha established a factory in Suwa for manufacturing Seiko watches with Daiwa Kogyo. In 1959, the Suwa Factory was split up and merged into Daiwa Kogyo to form Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd: the forerunner of the Seiko Epson Corporation. The company has developed many timepiece technologies, such as the world's first portable quartz timer (Seiko QC-951) in 1963, the world's first quartz watch (Seiko Quartz Astron 35SQ) in 1969, the first automatic power-generating quartz watch (Seiko Auto-Quartz) in 1988, and the Spring Drive watch movement in 1999.

The watch business is the root of the company's ultra-precision machining and micromechatronics technologies and still a major business for Seiko Epson, although it accounts for a low percentage of total revenues. Watches made by the company are sold through the Seiko Watch Corporation, a subsidiary of Seiko Group. The watch brand Orient Watch, also known as Orient Star, has been owned by Epson since 2009 and was fully integrated into the company in 2017.

Printers
In 1961, Suwa Seikosha established a company called Shinshu Seiki Co. as a subsidiary to supply precision parts for Seiko watches. When Seiko was selected to be the official time keeper for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, a printing timer was required to time events, and Shinshu Seiki started developing an electronic printer.

In September 1968, Shinshu Seiki launched the world's first mini-printer, the EP-101 ("EP" for Electronic Printer), which was soon incorporated into many calculators. In June 1975, the name Epson was coined for the next generation of printers based on the EP-101, which was released to the public. The Epson name was coined by joining the initials EP (Electronic Printer) and the word son, making "Epson" mean "Electronic Printer's Son". In April of the same year, Epson America Inc. was established to sell printers for Shinshu Seiki Co.

In June 1978, the TX-80 (TP-80), an eighty-column dot matrix printer, was released to the market and was mainly used as a system printer for the Commodore PET computer. After two years of further development, an improved model, the MX-80 (MP-80), was launched in October 1980. It was soon advertised as the best selling printer in the United States.

In July 1982, Shinshu Seiki officially named itself the Epson Corporation and launched the world's first handheld computer, the HX-20 (HC-20), and in May 1983, the world's first portable colour LCD TV was developed and launched by the company.

In November 1985, Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd. and the Epson Corporation merged to form Seiko Epson Corporation.

The company developed the Micro Piezo inkjet technology, which used a piezoelectric crystal in each nozzle and did not heat the ink at the print head while spraying it onto the page, and released the Epson MJ-500 inkjet cartridge for the Epson Stylus 800 printer in March 1993. Shortly after in 1994, Epson released the first 720 dpi colour inkjet printer, the Epson Stylus Color (P860A) utilizing the Micro Piezo head technology. Newer models of the Stylus series employed Epson's special DURABrite ink and used two hard drives (an HD 850 and an HD 860).

In 1994, Epson started to outsource sales representatives to help sell their products in retail stores in the United States. The same year, they started the Epson Weekend Warrior sales program. The purpose of the program was to help improve sales, improve retail sales reps' knowledge of Epson products, and to address Epson customer service in a retail environment. Reps were assigned on weekend shifts, typically around 12–20 hours a week. Epson started the Weekend Warrior program with TMG Marketing (now Mosaic Sales Solutions), and later with Keystone Marketing Inc, then returned to Mosaic, and switched again to Campaigners Inc. on June 24, 2007 after the Mosaic contract expired. The sales reps of Campaigners, Inc. are not outsourced; Epson hired rack jobbers to ensure retailers displayed products properly, freeing up its regular sales force to concentrate on profitable sales solutions to value-added resellers and system integrators, leaving "retail" to reps who did not require sales skills.

Personal computers
Epson entered the personal computer market in 1983 with the QX-10, a CP/M-compatible Z80 machine. By 1986, the company had shifted to the growing PC market with the Equity line. EPSON manufactured and sold NEC PC-9801 clones in Japan. Epson withdrew from the international PC market in 1996. The company still produces and sells PCs in Japan as of 2022.

21st century
In June 2003, the company became public following their listing on the 1st section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Since 2017, the company is a constituent of the Nikkei Stock Average index. Although Seiko Group Corporation (f/k/a K. Hattori, Hattori Seiko, and Seiko Holdings) and the key members of the Hattori family still hold approximately 10% of the outstanding shares of Seiko Epson, the company is managed and operated completely independently from Seiko Group.

Seiko Watch Corporation, a division of Seiko Group, produces Seiko timepieces in-house through its subsidiaries as well as delegates the manufacture of some of its high-end watches (Seiko Astron, Grand Seiko, Credor, etc) to Epson. The company makes some of Seiko's highest-grade watches at the Micro Artist Studio inside its Shiojiri Plant in Shiojiri, Nagano. Beside Seiko timepieces, Epson develops, designs, manufactures, markets, and sells watches under its own brands such as Trume, Orient, and Orient Star.

In 2004, Epson introduced their R-D1 (the first digital rangefinder camera on the market), which supports the Leica M mount and Leica M39 mount lenses with an adapter ring. Because its sensor is smaller than that of the standard 35 mm film frame, lenses mounted on the R-D1 have a field of view 1.53 times as wide as that of the standard 35 mm camera. In 2006, the R-D1 was replaced by the R-D1s, a cheaper version with identical hardware. Epson has released a firmware patch to bring the R-D1 up to the full functionality of its successor, being the first digital camera manufacturer to make such an upgrade available for free.

In September 2012, Epson introduced a printer called the Expression Premium XP-800 Small-in-One, with the ability to print wirelessly. The Expression brand name has since been used on various models of scanners. In the third quarter of 2012, Epson's global market share in the sale of printers, copiers and multifunction devices amounted to 15.20 percent.

In September 2015, Epson debuted the ET-4550 printer, which enables the user to pour ink into separate inkwells from ink bottles instead of cartridges.

Epson is also involved in the smartglasses market. Since 2016, the company has three different models: the Moverio BT-100, the Moverio BT-200, and the Moverio Pro BT-2000, the latter of which is an enterprise oriented, upgraded version of the BT-200 with stereoscopic cameras. The company also was the first to release consumer smartglasses with transparent optics, which were popular with drone pilots for providing a first-person view while still being able to see the drone in the sky.

In 2016, Epson presented the large-format SureColor SC-P10000 ink printer; it prints with inks in ten colours on paper up to 44 in wide.

ESC/P
To control its printers, Epson introduced a printer control language, the Epson Standard Code for Printers (or ESC/P). It became a de facto industry standard for controlling print formatting during the era of dot matrix printers, whose popularity was initially started by the Epson MX-80.

Robots
Epson Robots is the robotics design and manufacturing department of Epson. Seiko Epson produces some microcontrollers, such as the S1C63. In 1980, Epson started the production of robots.

Ink cartridge controversies
In July 2003, a Netherlands-based consumer association advised its 640,000 members to boycott Epson inkjet printers. The organisation alleged that Epson customers were unfairly charged for ink they could never use. Later that month, however, the group retracted its call for a nationwide boycott and issued a statement conceding that residual ink left in Epson cartridges was necessary for the printers to function properly.

Epson designed ink to be left in the cartridges (having done so ever since the introduction of piezoelectric print heads) due to the way the capping mechanism worked. If the capping mechanism dries out, then the heads risk getting clogged, necessitating expensive repairs. The reason that the Dutch consumer association retracted their statement was that, as pointed out, Epson had made a statement regarding how many pages (at usually a 5% coverage of an A4 sheet of paper) each cartridge could sustain for printing.

Nonetheless, Epson America, Inc. settled a class action lawsuit brought before the Los Angeles Superior Court. It did not admit guilt, but agreed to refund $45 to anyone who purchased an Epson inkjet printer after April 8, 1999 (at least $20 of which must be used at Epson's e-Store).

According to IDG News Service, Epson filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) in February 2006 against 24 companies that manufactured, imported, or distributed Epson-compatible ink cartridges for resale in the U.S. On March 30, 2007, ITC judge Paul Luckern issued an initial determination that the cartridges in question did infringe upon Epson's patents. He also recommended those companies and others to be barred from manufacturing, importing, or reselling Epson cartridges in the U.S., said Epson.

In 2015, it emerged that Epson printers reported cartridges to be empty when in fact up to 20% of their ink remains. As in 2003, the company responded:

"The ink reporting and ink cartridges used in Epson's Stylus Pro 9900-series large format printer reports on ink levels and simultaneously protect the health of the printhead. During printhead maintenance or cleanings, if a cartridge doesn't have enough ink to complete the cleaning, a fuller cartridge must be used. However, users have the choice to swap out a cartridge that is reporting low levels for a fuller cartridge for the cleaning maintenance as needed, and then replace it with the original cartridge to use the remaining ink. The original cartridge does not need to be discarded."

title: Epson


text:
Ljig

Ljig (Љиг) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. It has a population of 3,219 inhabitants, while the municipality has a total of 12,730 inhabitants.

It is surrounded by Mount Rajac and Mount Rudnik.

History
The recorded history of the Ljig settlement itself begins in 1911, when a railroad was built between Lajkovac and Gornji Milanovac. The area, however, has a long history. The Dići church was founded by Serbian nobleman Vlgdrag, who was buried here in 1327. The ruins of the medieval Vavedenje Monastery include impressive sarcophagi dating from the 15th century, believed to belong to the Serbian despots Stefan Branković and Đurađ Branković. According to legend, Djuradj's wife, Jerina, was buried there as well.

An early reference to "Ljig" can be found in the 17th century records of Evliya Çelebi, which describe "LIGmehri" (the Ljig River) rising from Kara Dag in the village Baht (today's Ba) and flowing into the Kolubara River near Valjevo. No settlement in the area was known to the Austrians when they occupied Serbia from 1717 to 1739. By 1818, however, the nearby settlement Gukosi had grown to 50 homes.

A railway station was built in 1917 near the present-day center of Ljig. This lower area under the Gukoši hill includes a small settlement with a municipal court, school, inn, two stores, two textile mills, three tailors and several houses, and when still part of Gukoši had been referred to as the area "on the Ljig River."

During World War I, the Battle of Kolubara was fought nearby, making this area significant in history of Serbia and of war, and in military science. A monument memorializing the battle has been erected on Rajac Mountain.

Ljig separated from Gukoši in 1922, and by 1930 a school, health center and church were built. Prior to that time, Ljig residents had worshipped in Moravci.

Settlements
The town of Ljig is the economic and cultural center of the municipality with a primary school founded in 1907, a high school, a public library with a cinema, a health center and a post office.

Aside from the town of Ljig, the following settlements are part of municipality of Ljig:

 * Ivanovci
 * Kozelj
 * Lalinci
 * Veliševac
 * Babajić
 * Ba
 * Kadina Luka
 * Kalanjevci
 * Jajčić
 * Liplje
 * Moravci
 * Štavica
 * Gukoš
 * Milavac
 * Brančić
 * Poljanice
 * Latković
 * Slavkovica
 * Paležnica
 * Belanovica
 * Bošnjanović
 * Donji Banjani
 * Dići
 * Cvetanovac
 * Živkovci
 * Šutci

Demographics
According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Ljig has 12,754 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the municipality:

Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Notes and references

 * Notes
 * 1) "Plum brandy, the Internet and the world", European Agency for Reconstruction press release on Ljig
 * 2) 2002 Serbian National Census

 * References

title: Ljig


text:
Talk:The King's Singers

Name of article
There are several King's Colleges. Which one should the link point to? --Pt 11:25, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * King's College, Cambridge, according to the external link. Done. --Paul A 02:14, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't the article be renamed to King ' s Singers? --Pt 11:28, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes. Done. --Paul A 02:03, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Use of instruments
Sorry if my posting does not follow wikipedia guidlines exactly (I'm new to posting and editing) but the article says that they only perform acapella but have some acconpaniment in their recordings, I have seen then perform with a some famous pianist as accompaniment at the Kennedy Center. I let someone change this if they wan't. Someone should really expand this. They are an excellent group. --Mark 1:50, 06 April 2006 (EST)

 * Don't fall all over each other trying to fix it or anything. I'm adding "almost" to make "almost exclusively a cappella" (boy, that was hard). Mlibby 03:06, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree. They are excellent. I did an expansion tonight. I hope you like it. Ksfan 18:29, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Added "Use of instruments" heading to this thread. Notwithstanding our painstakenly-created solution to the "exclusively" problem, the sentence in question is still largely incorrect or misleading, because their studio recordings (and live recordings and whatever other kind of recordings you might imagine) sometimes make use of gobs of instruments (like, a whole orchestra, even... zowie!). They're very eclectic and they've been around for a long time, so you can find all kinds of different setups on their recordings. So the point of this sentence needs to be re-thought. It's not correct in what it's specifically saying, so what, instead, is it trying to accomplish? To give a better feel for their "a cappella fraction" rating? To give an idea of what types of music to expect on their recordings? I'm not trying to poo-poo the point, because these are both potentially worthwhile topics; it's just going to take more than two sentences to cover it. One solution would be to go ahead and start a "discography" section and to include comments about the voicing / "instrumentalization" on each album (a very worthy goal); then the reader will see the eclecticism for themselves. Spending the time to compile the discography (sorry, I don't have the time) would also give the lucky editor plenty of opportunity to come up with the perfect words of how to describe KS's eclecticism etc. Any takers? Mlibby 03:28, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I added a partial discography that I hope people will add too. I think that it shows that they, in fact, often collaborate with instrumentalists on recordings. Kp_kyak 22:32, 24 August 2006 (CDT)

I think it would be worth mentioning the scores of a number of their arrangements have been published - a search of King's Singers at www.halleonard.com brings up 73 publications, mostly individual scores but also several compilations. Howard Clark (talk) 12:08, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

Tenebrae
In recent days I have, twice, reverted needless changes concerning Nigel Short and Tenebrae, including what seems to be a deliberate misspelling. For the record:
 * Tenebrae is a professional choir;
 * Its website is www.tenebrae-choir.com (click the link to see!)
 * It is spelt "Tenebrae".

What is going on, pray tell? It looks like someone here might have issues with Tenebrae? ElectricRay 11:29, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Latest edit
I feel confident that user Montiolivetti acted in good faith but the fact remains that practically everything added was way too fan-site sounding. Please try to adhere to WP's standards (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:NPOV) when adding material. Thanks! --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 04:02, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Recent Post
WSpencer11 and others,

Many apologies - my post was indeed in good faith and I hope my amendments are satisfactory. It's difficult when dealing with such a group to remain objective, but on second reading this morning I clearly saw the contentious passages. I have been fortunate to hear the KS on many occasions and in many different guises, and have also interviewed them on occasion. I believe that everything I have updated can now be verified, and my only interest is in providing a wider range of information for anyone who wants to know more about the group, including its history, influences, repertoire, etc. and to assure the public that they are still going strong (hence facts about current touring territories and UK statistics). There were also clear errors (number of members etc) that needed correcting and various commissioned composers that were missing.

I was in two minds as to whether or not to delete the passage concerning the other famous groups they have taught, but I feel it is important that readers know the extent to which the KS have influenced these others, so that keen listeners can look out for similarities in their styles, performances etc. In particular Amarcord, a fine German group, have simply copied many elements of their performance (from their programming right down to the way they position their music stands and the way they hold their hands whilst singing) on the KS, and it's important that people have this knowledge rather than assuming they are a "new voice," notwithstanding their evident proficiency.

Montiolivetti 00:02, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Simon Carrington
I believe the timeline in regards to Simon Carrington is incorrect. He left TKS in 1994 to begin a teaching career with the University of Kansas. Perhaps we can link to his website, www.SimonCarrington.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.67.131.215 (talk) 20:44, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

This may be a bit trivial, but I think there was a 'switcheroo' between the first and second baritones around '94 or '95. Simon C consistently sang 2nd baritone, as did Gabriel C, but their careers with KS were not contiguous. This could be clarified in the template if anyone has the details? Amilnerwhite (talk) 09:31, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Phillip Lawson started as second baritone when he joined the group, but switched to first baritone in 1996 and Gabriel Crouch joined as second baritone. 163.120.70.10 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:49, 27 January 2010 (UTC).

Length
The piece is long not just because of the longevity of the group, but also because it is verbose and repetitive, and at times simply too detailed. For instance why mention the use of instruments in particular concerts when the group has frequently performed with instruments and with orchestras? Howard Clark (talk) 12:08, 20 December 2009 (UTC) Montiolivetti (talk) 21:35, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Name and template
Can somebody change it back to The King's Singers, please? That is the correct name of the group according to their website and press releases. Also, I'm not sure how to change the Members table but the part-names are wrong: it should read countertenor 1, countertenor 2, tenor, baritone 1, baritone 2 and bass. Again, that's how the group style themselves on their website and in press releasesMontiolivetti (talk) 21:35, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * With respect to the template, you are right and that is how I made the template. I didn't notice when it was changed and I have now reverted that change. Rambo's Revenge (talk)  22:46, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Discography
The Discography should include all discs they produced, not just the currently available ones. Among the ones that are missing:

"Believe in Music": there appear to be at least two albums by that name, one with 14 tracks and one with 19 tracks. Presumably one is an English release and one an American, or something like that. Here are two references: 19 track version: http://www.kingssingers.com/p//believe-in-music/os9.html 14 track version: http://www.amazon.com/Believe-Music-Leonard-Bernstein/dp/B000002RPR

"Spirit Voices" is also missing.

"This is the King's Singers" is also missing Johncolton (talk) 04:00, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

 * The discography section is mostly limited to the "second generation" of

the group, while the period 1965-1990 is missing. That is understandable because of the history of computer development. But now, due to the existence of newspaper archives, could someone get to the older reviews of records of their First Generation.

I found easily one such review, of their amazing history of the madrigal CD: http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/e/emi85714a.php רסטיניאק (talk) 04:38, 25 May 2013 (UTC)רסטיניאק

Date founded: 1968, or 1965?
The lead sentence in the article cites 1968 as the date the group was founded, but the (wonderful!) membership chart starts at 1965. Which is it? If the date depends on how you define 'founded', then this should be mentioned. -- Dan Griscom (talk) 14:20, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20091126072423/http://www.kingssingers.com:80/c/kings-singers/song-books.html to http://kingssingers.com/c/kings-singers/song-books.html

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 * Current link added - YewBowman (talk) 20:38, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Patrick Dunachie
I see that the name of Patrick Dunachie, who will replace the retiring David Hurley in September, has been added to the timeline, but nowhere else on the page. This news seems noteworthy enough, so I would like to add a sentence about Dunachie at the end of the "History" section as well. Any objections?Kerdooskis (talk) 22:33, 8 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Please do so, that's how Wikipedia works. :-) And please add a reference to a source. YewBowman (talk) 08:51, 9 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks. :) It's done. I guess the info I just added will be outdated come September, so I'll make a note to myself to update the page then (if nobody else has). Cheers.Kerdooskis (talk) 16:10, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Request for Comment: New WikiProject for A Cappella-related articles
Hi there! To any and all interested: I've proposed a WikiProject dedicated to a cappella. This would be a group of editors interested in improving the quality of articles related to a cappella. If you're passionate about a cappella—ranging from the Pentatonix to groups like the King's Singers, or perhaps pop culture representations like Pitch Perfect and The Sing-Off—please check out the proposal and share your thoughts!

Here's a link to the proposal for WikiProject A Cappella.

If you could see yourself contributing to an article related to a cappella (like this one), please consider joining!

 * —Shrinkydinks (talk) 20:11, 8 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:The King's Singers


text: Category:Knox County, Texas

title: Category:Knox County, Texas


text:
Category:Salem County, New Jersey

Articles and categories related to Salem County, New Jersey.

title: Category:Salem County, New Jersey