text:
Talk:Hell house

Category
Hell House is not a pure Charismatic and Pentecostal Topic. Hell House is not a concept limited to only Pentecostal churches. If this article is to be categorized, it needs to be done in a more general category.

 * For want of a better place, I've given it to Category:Christian mythology. It does seem to relate to Christian folk religion.

 * Although I was the one who originally categorized and then restored this page to Category:Charismatic and Pentecostal Topics, actually I agree with Kcar that it is not that good a category fit for this page. I am going over to the talk page of User:One Salient Oversight, the creator of that category, to discuss creating a new category, involving Christian fundamentalism, Christian evangelism, or both. Let's see what he says. --Gary D 07:17, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)

Okay, a new, better categorization is in place. --Gary D 10:24, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)

Hell House is a ministry
You might not agree with the views which Hell House expresses, but that does not change the fact that Hell House remains a ministry. It might not be your particular brand of vodka of Christianity for which Hell House is ministering, but it is still ministering for it.

 * The problem is that the word "ministry" is intrinsically POV; to use it without attribution implies that WP believes something beneficial and substantial is being distributed. I am not judging it by what it is being applied to here; if you find the word "ministry" without attribution elsehere in WP, in regard to almost anything, chances are I will support you in having it attributed or removed. My aim here is simply to attribute, not to disparage. At most, I would say this is an unusual or unexpected application of the term, "ministry"; I am not about to say it is an incorrect or wrong one. Along those lines, since the text itself now attributes the concept to the person involved, and since quotation marks are sometimes seen to disparage in the guise of attributing, I have removed the quotation marks to see if that does the attribution job while staying clear of any suggestion of disparagement. --Gary D 02:28, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * The word "ministry" doesn't imply anything beneficial or "substantial" to me, and it doesn't seem like the dictionary says taht either... 194.126.102.99 (talk) 16:04, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

these are rare...
don't know how to point this out in a NPOV way, but 1. the churches that do this may better be refered to as "fundamentalist" and 2. they are very RARE, the vast majority of evangelical churches never have a "hell house"

Religioustolerance.org
This article uses the religioustolerance.org website as either a reference or a link. Please see the discussion on Wikipedia talk:Verifiability/Religioustolerance.org and Verifiability/Religioustolerance.org as to whether Wikipedia should cite the religioustolerance.org website, jguk 14:07, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

9/11 Room
I've recently heard from various sources that there are hell houses that incorporate a '9/11 room' to demonstrate God's wrath on an unpious society. Has anyone seen anything like this references in a verifiable source? 204.69.40.7 17:15, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds like something the Westboro Baptist Church would do. --Shadowlink1014 18:07, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

 * well, they're so busy condemning victims of beheading that I'd be surprised they're able to also do "HellHouse: 9/11 Edition" to the extreme level of detail that it surely requires... 199.214.28.231 (talk) 18:41, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

L&O:SVU?
If I remember correctly, there was a recent Law and Order: SVU episode [the Ted Haggerty-based one] that involved a hell house. I'd say it's worth mentioning in the article, as the most mainstream mention of a hell house yet.

 * I'm looking on iTunes for it... is it the Season #8 episode called "Sin"? The description sounds correct.  --Shadowlink1014 18:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, I watched it (it looked interesting anyway). The plot doesn't revolve around the hell house, but it is featured in a few scenes.  Probably worth a brief mention, perhaps under a new "In popular culture"-type section.  The current "Parodies" section could be merged with that.  --Shadowlink1014 03:50, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think that would be better than a straight-out "trivia" section - it shouldn't be included unless it's relevant to the entry.--otherlleft (talk) 14:20, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Seems to me the second section could use some clean up. I think you can include the negative reviews in a more balanced way right now it reads like wikipedia thinks this is child abuse which I am pretty sure telling people about hell isn't whatever you think about hell.--71.107.212.156 (talk) 18:58, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It's in the criticism section, so I think it's pretty much as objective as you can get for something that's clearly attempting to just monger fear among youths. 98.168.192.162 (talk) 00:53, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Forced conversions?
Is it true that if you enter a hell house, you aren't allowed to leave until you convert to the particular brand of Christianity that the organizers adhere to? This website strongly suggests it, as well as these, but I'm unsure if this is true or not.--Auric (talk) 01:07, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

The Landover Baptist Church is a Parody religion. I'm not sure if the first one is explicitly saying HHs try to convert people, but give a choice of "heaven and hell" doors. Of course, if you were attending anyway, you would probably already be a practitioner of the religious ideology of the church, so I think the "door choosing" is just symbolic. --Bellerophon5685 (talk) 17:49, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

And the third one is a cartoon, which doesn't cite any references, so no, I don't think we have enough to include forced conversions on this article. If you can find a reputable source, though, be my guest.--Bellerophon5685 (talk) 17:53, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Racist mugging video
The featured video from "The Dark Destiny", in which a white-skinned kid is beaten and tortured by Black-coded thugs, is a worthless piece of racist indoctrination, and I have doubts that it adds anything of use to the article. The simulated arbitrary violence does not coincide with the article's text, and in my opinion would require a serious paragraph of interpretation, to not leave the poor reader reeling from what they have stumbled across. A more illustrative media artifact should be chosen as its replacement, and the video here relegated to those interested in "Racism in Ohio"... Adamw (talk) 04:11, 23 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's a "Hell house" anyway, it's described as "an edgy and interactive experience that communicates the Gospel message by utilizing a combination of cinematic sequences and live drama". Removing.  All the best: Rich Farmbrough  (the apparently calm and reasonable) 19:58, 18 May 2020 (UTC).

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hell house


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pauper magic

Pauper magic
Pauper magic was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. No clear consensus emerged.

This article is for a very minor and unofficial online variant of Magic: The Gathering which, in fact, is not even popular enough to warrant mentioning in the main Magic article. Vote to delete, and not merge into the main article (which is already very large). Andrew Levine 02:38, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Rename and retain as redirect - This is type of play is known more commonly as "Peasant Magic".  -- Netoholic @ 18:55, 2004 Oct 3 (UTC)
 * Mergeand redirect into Magic:_The_Gathering. Even though the article is vary large, the variants could easily be split off into a separate article if needed. --Rossumcapek 19:33, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Do not redirect -- not notable enough. --Improv 21:28, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No redirect. Non-notable fan-cruft. jni 09:31, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Retain and redirect to prevent re-creation. It's popular enough that I've heard of it (as Peasant Magic). The content should be boiled to a three-line synopsis, and the redirect point to variants under the main article. Cool Hand Luke  07:29, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Move content to talk page of "Magic: The Gathering" and let them decide whether to include it. In its current form - delete [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:46, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge - There are six variant types on the Magic page. If each of these were expanded to the same length as the Pauper Magic (which should be easy, if it's true that Pauper Magic is comparatively minor), then there'd be enough information to make a very respectable article on Magic variants. We already have chess variants, why not make a similar separate page for this? Factitious 05:51, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Just a variant of a game, and it's all online. Ick.  Too minor, not notable, not to be sought. Geogre 13:42, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
File:Busted - a present for everyone.jpg

Fair use for Busted A Present for Everyone
This image, Busted - a present for everyone.jpg, is being linked here; though the picture is subject to copyright I (Kolrobie) feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) it is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover;
 * 2) it does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way;
 * 3) copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * 4) The photo is only being used for informational purposes.

Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/nm4h


text:
User talk:Bandaidman

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Image Tagging Image:Atgs.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Atgs.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 82.83.98.101 11:17, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Allegorical Misunderstanding
A tag has been placed on Allegorical Misunderstanding, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD A7.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the article and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the page's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. HamatoKameko 12:36, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Allegorical misunderstanding cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Allegorical misunderstanding cover.jpg. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 23:31, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of FM8 for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article FM8 is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/FM8 until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boleyn (talk) 21:14, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bandaidman


text:
Super Dollfie

Super Dollfie (スーパードルフィー), often abbreviated SD, is a brand of ball-jointed doll, or BJD, made by the Japanese company Volks. They are made to be easy to customize and are primarily marketed to adult doll collectors and customizers. They are cast in polyurethane resin, a porcelain-like, hard, dense plastic. The most common standard models are about 60 cm, or 24 inches, tall, taller and heavier than most comparable Western dolls. They are designed in a style which is both realistic and influenced by anime, and most models are anatomically correct. The various body parts have ball joints for articulation, and are strung together with a thick elastic cord.

The term "dollfie" is a portmanteau formed from the words "doll" and "figure". The original Dollfie dolls are Barbie sized vinyl figures, and the term "Super Dollfie" was introduced to distinguish the larger resin dolls. Super Dollfie, or even just Dollfie, are sometimes erroneously used as a generic terms to refer to BJDs made by other companies. However, both Super Dollfie and Dollfie are registered trademarks and should only be used for Volks products.

Overview
Super Dollfie dolls are made to be easy to customize. The hair is a wig that can easily be changed. The head can be opened to change the eyes and adjust the stringing. The face paint can be removed and the head repainted. Optional hands and feet are available, and heads and other body parts are removable and interchangeable. The resin parts themselves can be carved or sanded to reshape them.

Super Dollfie are not widely distributed, and, with a few exceptions, new dolls are only available directly through Volks own events or stores, either online, or through their brick and mortar stores called Tenshi no Sumika (angel's nest), located throughout Japan, in South Korea and until March 2014 in Los Angeles, California.

Super Dollfie are collectible, customizable dolls marketed to adults. They vary in price from about 36 000 yen (about US $400) for the smallest, unassembled standard models, up to about 150 000 yen (about US $2000) for the most exclusive larger limited dolls that come with outfits and accessories.

On the secondary market, limited and skillfully customized Super Dollfie often fetch a price far higher than the original. There is a thriving second hand market online, where dolls are bought and sold on auction sites,  as well as forums.

New models are regularly released at Dolls Party, or Dolpa, (ja:ドールズパーティー) promotional convention-like events organized by Volks several times a year in locations around Japan. Here fans can buy and sell limited and customized dolls, accessories and clothes. Dolpas have grown in scale over the years and the Dolls Party held at Tokyo Big Sight regularly has 15 000 attendees.

Tenshi no Sato (angel's home) in Kyoto is Volks headquarters and Super Dollfie museum. Here exclusive doll models are sold, and events are held where special limited editions are released. Doll repair services are also available and classes are held teaching various customization methods. Tenshi no Sato is surrounded by a traditional Japanese garden where visitors can photograph their dolls. To gain entrance visitors have to book reservations in advance.

Following the introduction of Super Dollfie an increasing number of Asian ball-jointed doll companies have been established, most of them based in South Korea.

History
In the late 1990s Volks produced a line of 1:6 scale articulated vinyl figures for hobbyist customers to finish to their own taste. Volks named these figures Dollfie, a portmanteau of doll and figure.

The first Super Dollfie was designed in 1999 by the sculptor Akihiro Enku. Enku sculpted a one-off doll for his wife, 57 cm tall, in what would become the Super Dollfie size and style. An executive director at Volks noticed the doll and wondered if they would be made in larger numbers.

The first Super Dollfie release was four different models, Kira, Nana, Sara and Megu, which all shared the same head mold, the standard SD Four Sisters head.

At this time Volks was a producer of resin figure kits, and the early Super Dollfie were made and sold similarly to resin kits, in very small quantities (almost build to order), and in parts, for the customer to assemble. Volks has stated that they were trying to create a female market for resin kits, which were male dominated up to that point.

The first generation SD bodies were highly detailed, but had some difficulty remaining standing, and their ball joints were very prominent.

All Super Dollfie dolls were female, until 2001 when the first boy doll, Licht, was released. The first release was a limited run of only 50 dolls, but sales were so successful that the doll was rereleased two times, and many other male dolls followed.

In 2003, Volks released a new 'skin type' (resin mixture) of the dolls called "Pure Skin". Pure skin has a less plastic and more skin-like, translucent look and feel. The Super Dollfie body was improved with better poseability and less conspicuous ball joints. During the change, Volks gradually phased out production of "old skin" dolls in favor of pure skin.

Old skin body parts were available separately, so buyers could easily get pieces and assemble their own custom doll. After the change to pure skin, only certain hands and feet are available to buy as optional parts, and only a few pure skin head molds and body types are readily available as completed standard models. The majority of Super Dollfie models are now only available as limited editions, already assembled, painted, and fully clothed.

Following the 2003 changes of the dolls, Volks expanded their business internationally. The same year they held the first Dolpa in South Korea, and also opened the first Korean store. In 2004 the Super Dollfie museum Tenshi no Sato was opened in Kyoto. In November 2005 Volks USA opened their first American Tenshi no Sumika store in Los Angeles, California, and they have been holding Dolpa events in New York City every summer since 2006.

In 2008 Japan Today reported that Volks annual sales were $50 million and that they have about 30 shops worldwide.

Culture
There is a sizeable community dedicated to Super Dollfie and other ball-jointed dolls. The largest English BJD forum has over 30,000 members as of March 2011. Doll owners customize their dolls and share photos and photo stories online. The dolls are usually named by their owner, and sometimes assigned individual characteristics and personality traits. In the West, enthusiasts organize offline doll meetups and conventions, which include other BJDs along with Super Dollfie. In Japan, Volks hold Dolpa conventions and Tenshi no Sumika store meetups. These are exclusively Super Dollfie events, and other BJD brands are not allowed.

Super Dollfie is associated with the Gothic Lolita and Lolita fashion subcultures in Japan, as well as the Cosplay subculture, with some dressing their Super Dollfie up as famous characters. Volks have a history of collaborating with Lolita fashion designers going back to 2002, when they released limited edition Super Dollfie with clothes designed by Baby, The Stars Shine Bright, Black Peace Now and Atelier-Pierrot.

The character Momoko from the Lolita fashion-themed movie Kamikaze Girls was released as a limited Super Dollfie, wearing a Baby, The Stars Shine Bright outfit, coinciding with the release of the movie in Japan in 2004. Baby, The Stars Shine Bright have created several other Super Dollfie outfits as well. Some sold separately, some with limited edition dolls. They have also made matching human and doll sized outfits, like the outfits worn by the limited edition Toppi and Luna released in early 2007.

The Gothic Lolita fashion designer H. Naoto created an exclusive outfit for a limited Super Dollfie in 2006, and have since created several other Super Dollfie outfits.

Super Dollfie are influenced by the anime style, but they also have some more direct ties with anime and manga. In 2003, the android character Chi from the manga and anime Chobits, as well as Yumi and Sachiko from Maria-sama ga Miteru were produced as limited edition Super Dollfie. The main characters in the manga and anime Rozen Maiden are all BJD-like "living dolls", and five of them were released as limited Super Dollfie dolls in 2005 and 2007.

Super Dollfie have also been featured in various work. A fashion shoot with Super Dollfie was featured in the November 2007 issue of Vogue Nippon. The virtual band Mistula is composed of customized ball-jointed dolls, several of which are Super Dollfie. The 2006 Kawaii episode of the British TV series Japanorama featured a segment on Super Dollfie.

Super Dollfie models
Super Dollfie, or SD, was the first model, introduced in 1999. The current pure skin models are about 55 cm (22 inches) tall, while the original version was slightly taller at 57 cm (23 inches). Among fans they are sometimes referred to as Super Dollfie 10 or SD10 to specifically refer to the size versus the whole line of dolls.

Super Dollfie 13, or SD13, are more mature and slightly taller than the plain Super Dollfie, SD13 boys are 60 cm (24 inches), and girls 57 cm. When they were released in December 2001 they were an improvement on the original SD body, with less prominent ball joints.

Mini Super Dollfie, or MSD, are more childlike and shorter, about 42 cm (17 inches) tall. They were introduced in September 2001.

The standard names SD, SD13 and MSD, or just "mini", are sometimes used to describe the size of BJDs from other companies as well, compare with Ball-jointed doll sizes and types.

Yo-SD, from the Japanese infant (幼), are only available as limited editions, but they have been released several times. Younger looking than MSD, they are 26.5 cm tall, and were first released in 2004.

DearSD, or Dear Super Dollfie, is the latest available Super Dollfie model. It was first released in 2015, in commemoration of the 16th anniversary of Super Dollfie. The DearSD is very similar in height to the MSD, standing at 43 cm tall. However, the proportions of a DearSD are more childlike since the DearSD is meant to depict a toddler. The DearSD body is asexual, allowing owners of this doll to customize it into a boy or a girl. The DearSD is currently a limited model, made available for sale in small batches to collectors in Japan. It will be sold again in limited runs, but a date for the next sale has yet to be announced.

In addition to these models, there are also the limited edition SD16 and SD17, which are more mature than SD13 and about 65 cm (25.6 inches) tall, and SDCute, which are about as tall as MSD, but more mature. The regular SD versions are anatomically correct, but there are also limited genderless Tenshi, or angel, editions. Sei-Tenshi and Rei-Tenshi are smaller than Yo-SD and not for sale, but only given out at promotional events.

Super Dollfie buyers can also create a customized doll with the Full Choice System, or FCS. Through FCS, the buyer selects from various options including body type, head mold, eye color, wig style, and cosmetics style, and the doll is then assembled by Volks. Different FCS head molds are distinguished by numbers, not names like the pre-assembled models, with for example F-16 being a popular mold. FCS is not available online, but only through Volks physical Tenshi no Sumika stores or through Tenshi no Sato, where the FCS service has additional options.

title: Super Dollfie


text:
User:ZayZayEM/Sources

Here is a list of common sources I use in my creation/editing of articles.

Most are textbooks from my university course in Biomedical science, others are just books lying about my house.

Science
Atlas RM and Bartha R (1998) Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California, ISBN 0-8053-0665-2

Brown TA (1999) Genomes, John Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, ISBN 0-471-83702-4

Brown TL, Le May HE and Bursten BE (2000) Chemistry the Central Science, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper saddle River, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-085265-1

Burtis CA and Ashwood ER (2001) Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 5th Edition, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia, ISBN 0-7216-8634-6

Campbell NA, Reece JB and Mitchell LG (1999) Biology, 5th Edition, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, ISBN 0-8053-3044-5

Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003) Immunology, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, ISBN 0-7167-4947-5

Jennison G (1927) Natural History Animals: and illustrated who's who of the animal world, A & C Black Ltd, Great Britain (Before ISBNs & out of copyvio!)

Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Parker J (2003) Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th Edition, Pretice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-049147-0

Martini FH (2001) Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-031910-4

Matthews CK, van Holde KE and Ahern KG (2000) Biochemisry, 3rd Edition, Benjamin/Cummings, San Fransisco, California, ISBN 0-8053-3066-6

McCance KL and Huether SE (2002) Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 4th Edition, Mosby, St Louis, Missouri, ISBN 0-323-01438-0

McMurry J (2000) Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, California, ISBN 0-534-37366-6

Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM and Moore PK (2003) Pharmacology, 5th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-433-07145-4

Saferstein R (2004) Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-111852-8

Schaeter M, Engleberg NC, Eisenstein BI and Medoff G (1999) Mechanisms of Microbial Disease, 3rd Edition, Lippincott Williamd & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, ISBN 0-683-07605-1

Whitney EN, CAtaldo CB and Rolfes SR (2002) Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, 6th Edition, Wadsworth Group, Belmont, California, ISBN 0-534-58995-2

History
MacMaster H (2002) Mostly Murder 2 (Queensland Crime Collection 1950-2000), Hugh MacMaster, Rockhampton, Queensland, ISBN 1-876674-26-6

Moore P (2003) E=mc2: The great ideas that shaped our world, 2nd Reprint, New Burlington Books, London, ISBN 1-86155-317-X

Ross J ed. (1999) Chronicle of the 20th Century, Viking, Ringwood, Victoria, ISBN 0-670-88606-8

Smith RG (1995) Ancient Tales & Folklore of Japan, Senate, London, ISBN 1-85958-079-3

Mediamatics
Hurst J and White SA (1994) Ethics and the Australian News Media, Macmillan Publishers Australia, South Yarra, Victoria, ISBN 0-7329-1939-8

Miscellaneous Australiana
Isaacs J (198-0) Australian Dreaming: 40,000 Years of Aboriginal History, Lansdowne Press, Sydney, New South Wales, ISBN 0-7018-1330-X

Underhill D (1993) Australia's Dangerous Creatures, Reader's Digest, Sydney, New South Wales, ISBN 0-86438-018-6

Other
The Modern World Encyclopedia (Illustrated) (1935) The Home Entertainment Library, Made and Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney Ltd. London and Aylesbury
 * Complete set–9 Volumes, including a world Atlas. This is a great resource for untainted modernish facts. And a perspective on post-World-War I Europe (early WWII) untainted by the factuality of the holocaust and other WWII (and beyond) activities.

Has a Template —

Personal style of referencing
(Based upon the Harvard style of referencing)

Books
Authors N (date published) Title of book, Nth Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, ISBN

Journal Articles
Authors N (date published) "Title of paper", Name of Journal (wiki'd if possible), vol. N, no. N, pp N–N, DOI PMID other identifiers

see Template:Cite journal

Other on-line resources for facts, definitions and quotes

 * CDC A–Z
 * National Center for Biotechnological Information portal
 * NCBI Taxbrowser for up-to date taxonomical nomenclature
 * PubMed journal database
 * Bible Gateway
 * The History of... you name it
 * Nation Master Interanational Demographic Stats
 * Kartoo flash map-based meta search
 * Dictionary.com
 * Acronym Finder

title: User:ZayZayEM/Sources


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam Roan

Adam Roan
Vanity. --jpgordon 02:42, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)  Look up Adam Roan on Wikipedia, that's me  certainly you could use your great intellect to come up with a better nickname  Ha  I've been called italy since 8th grade  ;)  Since my genius started to activate  my anthropological brain is very fine indeed <@Scoth> Are you Italian?  Yeah  uuuh .. your page is flagged for deletion :P  plus it's very self serving  I don't give a shit  GENIUS RIGHT HERE
 * Young person vanity. Has blog. Wow. Delete. --Ianb 07:32, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. jni 14:02, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. --*drew 14:06, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * #angband on WorldIRC:
 * Delete. - Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 03:54, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hold up... Move to User:Italys instead. It's empty. - Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 03:55, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * No, don't move it. Leave it to him to decorate his user page however he wants. Saforrest 04:01, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Saforrest 04:01, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Thue | talk 10:25, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:18, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Spank user too. --Improv 21:29, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity. —Ecclesiastes 1:2. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:53, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- if he's that smart, why doesn't he know the difference between a surname and a nickname? GWO 15:23, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:53, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete but restrain any attempts by holier-than-thou folks (you know who you are, see above) to admonish the page's subject/creator. Be ready to politely explain deletion. Ropers 22:56, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Spank Roper too :) --Improv 05:30, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
2004 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 2004 in Australia.

Incumbents

 * Monarch – Elizabeth II
 * Governor-General – Michael Jeffery
 * Prime Minister – John Howard
 * Deputy Prime Minister – John Anderson
 * Opposition Leader – Mark Latham
 * Chief Justice – Murray Gleeson

State and territory leaders

 * Premier of New South Wales – Bob Carr
 * Opposition Leader – John Brogden
 * Premier of Queensland – Peter Beattie
 * Opposition Leader – Lawrence Springborg
 * Premier of South Australia – Mike Rann
 * Opposition Leader – Rob Kerin
 * Premier of Tasmania – Jim Bacon (until 21 March), then Paul Lennon
 * Opposition Leader – Rene Hidding
 * Premier of Victoria – Steve Bracks
 * Opposition Leader – Robert Doyle
 * Premier of Western Australia – Geoff Gallop
 * Opposition Leader – Colin Barnett
 * Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory – Jon Stanhope
 * Opposition Leader – Brendan Smyth
 * Chief Minister of the Northern Territory – Clare Martin
 * Opposition Leader – Terry Mills
 * Chief Minister of Norfolk Island – Geoffrey Gardner

Governors and administrators

 * Governor of New South Wales – Marie Bashir
 * Governor of Queensland – Quentin Bryce
 * Governor of South Australia – Marjorie Jackson-Nelson
 * Governor of Tasmania – Richard Butler (until 9 August), then William Cox (from 15 December)
 * Governor of Victoria – John Landy
 * Governor of Western Australia – John Sanderson
 * Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories – Evan Williams
 * Administrator of Norfolk Island – Grant Tambling
 * Administrator of the Northern Territory – Ted Egan

January

 * 2 January - "Crocodile Hunter" Steve Irwin feeds a crocodile at his famous Australia Zoo while holding his one-month-old baby son, Robert Irwin. The incident generates a great deal of criticism both nationally and internationally over the next few days.
 * 8 January - 33 asylum seekers detained on Nauru decide to suspend their month-long hunger strike after hearing of plans for an Australian medical team to travel to the island.
 * 13 January – Spirit of Tasmania III makes its inaugural trip from Sydney to Devonport.
 * 16 January -
 * Prime Minister John Howard discusses the issues of security and missile defense with the United States Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff, General Richard Myers.
 * Queensland Premier Peter Beattie announces an election date of 7 February.
 * 19 January - Cricketer David Hookes died after a fight outside a Melbourne pub.
 * 23 January - The Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission has found no evidence of any misconduct by the state's police or judiciary, or by politicians including Premier Peter Beattie and Federal MP Tony Abbott, in relation to the jailing last year of Pauline Hanson and David Ettridge.
 * 28 January -
 * Port Kembla ethanol explosion
 * Prime Minister John Howard and Foreign Minister Alexander Downer call for a sporting boycott in Zimbabwe.

February

 * 1 February – The first Ghan passenger train across Australia from Adelaide to Darwin sets off on its three-day journey.
 * 6 February – The Music Industry Piracy Investigations organization uses an Anton Piller order to raid offices of P2P companies Sharman Networks and Brilliant Digital Entertainment, the homes of their key executives, as well as several internet service providers and universities.
 * 8 February – Peter Beattie's Australian Labor Party Queensland state government is re-elected in a landslide.
 * 11 February – A Black Hawk helicopter reportedly crashed near RAAF Base Amberley with at least five seriously injured.
 * 14 February – Riots break out between police and Aboriginal residents of Sydney suburb Redfern
 * 15 February – Violent riots ensue in the Sydney suburb of Redfern after an Aboriginal boy dies while allegedly fleeing police.
 * 23 February – Premier of Tasmania Jim Bacon resigns after being diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer, handing power to his deputy, Paul Lennon.
 * 25 February – Qantas launches its discount domestic airline, Jetstar.
 * 29 February – Malcolm Turnbull controversially wins Liberal pre-selection for the federal seat of Wentworth, displacing sitting member Peter King.

March

 * 3 March - A bottle of wine is discovered on board the Queensland Government jet when Indigenous Policy Minister Liddy Clark and her staff visit an alcohol-free Indigenous community at Lockhart River, about 800 km north of Cairns.
 * 11 March – A Senate report on poverty is immediately dismissed by Prime Minister John Howard. The report shows between 2 and 3.5 million Australians, or up to 19 percent of the population, are living in poverty.
 * 20 March - Van Tuong Nguyen is sentenced to death in the Singaporean High Court after being convicted of trafficking 396.2g of heroin into Singapore in December 2002.
 * 27 March - Brisbane City Council Elections. Liberal candidate Campbell Newman becomes Lord Mayor of Brisbane defeating Labor candidate Tim Quinn, thus ending 13 years of Labor government in Brisbane.

April

 * 5 April – Australia's biggest supplier of the potential explosive ammonium nitrate decides to pull the product from its stores in response to concerns it could be used by terrorists.
 * 14 April – The Family Court allows a thirteen-year-old child, born female, to start preliminary hormone treatment: the child identifies as being male and has been suffering from gender identity disorder.
 * 24 April – John Howard joins Australian troops in Baghdad for ceremonies honoring the country's war dead.

May

 * 14 May – Hobart woman Mary Donaldson marries Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark in Copenhagen to become Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark
 * 18 May - The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement is signed.
 * 25 May – Jetstar commences operations with a maiden flight from Newcastle to Launceston via Melbourne.
 * 29 May – Premier of Victoria Steve Bracks announces plans to amend the Victorian constitution with recognise Aboriginal people. It would be the first time a state formally recognized Aboriginals in its constitution.
 * 31 May - The ABC airs an episode of "Play School" featuring a segment about a little girl and her two "mums". The segment was criticised for exposing children to issues of sexuality.

June
Defence Minister Robert Hill admits that his office knew of allegations of abuse of Iraqi prisoners.
 * 1 June – Australian Jennifer Hawkins wins the Miss Universe contest, held in Quito, Ecuador.
 * 2 June - Former Qantas baggage handler, 34-year-old Bilal Khazal, is arrested outside his home at Lakemba, in Sydney's south-west, charged with collecting or making documents likely to facilitate terrorist acts. It's the first time someone has been charged with this offense since the laws were passed in 2002.
 * 3 June – President of the United States George W. Bush publicly supports Prime Minister John Howard and criticises Opposition Leader Mark Latham, sparking criticism from the Opposition for intervening in Australian domestic politics.
 * 8 June - A post-mortem examination report is released which reveals that euthanasia crusader, Nancy Crick, had no cancer in her body at the time she took her life on 21 May 2002.
 * 15 June - Prime Minister John Howard releases the Government's Energy Statement which introduced the term "Mandatory Renewable Energy Target", benchmarks set by the government for the amount of non-polluting energy that Australia uses. Australia's current target is two percent renewable energy.
 * 16 June - Defence Minister Robert Hill releases his long-awaited statement to the Senate explaining how it was that he and Prime Minister, John Howard, misled Parliament over Defence knowledge of Iraqi prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib prison.
 * 24 June - Federal Sports Minister Rod Kemp releases details of an inquiry into sports doping. Retired Justice Robert Anderson has one week to question the five implicated cyclists, and use scientific testing to show Cycling Australia and the Australian Olympic Committee that the athletes have no case to answer.
 * 25 June -
 * The New South Wales Government rushes new water laws through Parliament.
 * The Premier's Conference is held in Canberra.

July

 * 2 July - Federal Opposition Leader Mark Latham denies having "king hit" a constituent when he was a councilor on Liverpool Council in Sydney during the 1980s.
 * 5 July –
 * Australia and Thailand sign a free trade agreement.
 * Federal Opposition Leader Mark Latham calls an extraordinary media conference to deal with the circulating rumours about him.
 * 30 July - Australian cyclist, Jobie Dajka, is dropped from the Australian Athens Olympic team after he admitted to lying to the Robert Anderson doping inquiry. His DNA has been found on syringes and vials in the room of disgraced cyclist Mark French at the Australian Institute of Sport in Adelaide.

August

 * 3 August - President George W. Bush signs the United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act into law.
 * 6 August -
 * In a 4–3 ruling, the High Court finds that the existing immigration laws are valid and that failed asylum seekers who cannot be deported can be held in detention indefinitely.
 * The leader of the extreme right-wing Australian Nationalists Movement in Western Australia, Jack van Tongeren, is taken into custody by police. Police were seeking the self-proclaimed white supremacist to question him about racist graffiti attacks in Perth.
 * Gavin Hopper, former tennis coach of Mark Philippoussis, is sentenced in Melbourne over the indecent assault of one of his 14-year-old pupils at Wesley College.
 * 9 August – Richard Butler, the controversial Governor of Tasmania, resigns.
 * 13 August - The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act is passed by the Senate, with amendments. The Labor Party had insisted on amendments designed to protect cheap generic medicine manufacturers.
 * 16 August - Michael Scrafton, a former senior adviser to Peter Reith, reveals that he told John Howard on 7 November 2001 that the Children Overboard claim might be untrue. Mr. Howard said they only discussed the inconclusive nature of the video footage. In light of the new information, the Labor opposition called for a further inquiry, which was convened on 1 September.
 * 17 August - Federal Opposition Leader Mark Latham is hospitalised after being diagnosed with pancreatitis.
 * 20 August -
 * United States Ambassador to Australia, Tom Schieffer, makes it clear he expects Australia would help the United States defend Taiwan if China invaded Taiwan.
 * The New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) sends Premier Bob Carr a summons to appear before the commission on a charge of contempt. The Opposition called for his resignation.
 * 29 August – John Howard announces that the 2004 federal election will take place on 9 October

September

 * 1 September -
 * Senator George Brandis presents telephone records to the Senate Inquiry into the "Children Overboard" affair in a bid to discredit claims by former government adviser, Michael Scrafton, that he told Prime Minister, John Howard, that there was no evidence to support claims made about asylum seekers throwing their children into the sea.
 * Prime Minister John Howard denies having lied to the Australian public about "children overboard".
 * Australian Olympic athletes returned from the Athens Olympic Games.
 * 8 September - British Airways announces that it is selling its $1.1 billion stake in Qantas in order to cut debt and fund possible acquisitions. The sale ends an 11-year relationship between the two airlines.
 * 9 September – A bomb blast outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, kills eleven people and injures up to 100 people.
 * 17 September - Federal Treasurer Peter Costello unveils the updated estimate of the national GST revenue. Prime Minister John Howard says the States will receive $3 billion more revenue than expected as a result.
 * 29 September - Mark Latham officially launches the Labor Party's election campaign.
 * 30 September - The President of Nauru, Ludwig Scotty, declared a state of emergency, dissolved Parliament and set an election date of 23 October.

October

 * 9 October – The Liberal Party of Australia government of John Howard is returned for a fourth term at the 2004 federal election.
 * 12 October –
 * Simon Crean resigns from the position of Shadow Treasurer, requesting a lesser portfolio, and John Faulkner resigns as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate in the aftermath of the Australian Labor Party's election loss.
 * Numerous Australians visit Kuta, Bali, to commemorate the second anniversary of October 2002 Bali bombing, with services being held across the nation.
 * 14 October –
 * Annette Ellis stands down as Shadow Minister for Ageing, Seniors, and Disabilities.
 * The successful tenderer for Melbourne's Mitcham-Frankston Freeway is announced, with tolls due to be set at $4.43 for a one-way trip.

November

 * 15 November - The Cairns Tilt Train derailment occurred at 11:55pm, when the City of Townsville diesel tilt train derailed north of Berajondo, approximately 342 km (213  mi) north-west of Brisbane, Queensland.
 * 26 November – A riot occurs on Palm Island leading to a complete break down of law and order with the 18 members of the Queensland Police barricading themselves in the local hospital.

December

 * 7 December – Heavy rain causes flash flooding on Queensland's Gold Coast overnight. 200mm of rain fell in the afternoon and early evening.
 * 26 December – 26 Australians are among the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, including the Australian football player Troy Broadbridge.

Full date unknown

 * FaktorTel, an Australian-based communications company is founded.

Arts and literature

 * ARIA Music Awards of 2004
 * Shirley Hazzard's novel The Great Fire wins the Miles Franklin Award
 * Laurie Duggan is awarded the Australian Literature Society Gold Medal for Mangroves.
 * Brian Castro's novel Shanghai Dancing wins the Christina Stead Prize for fiction.
 * Annamarie Jagose's novel Slow Water wins the Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction.
 * The Suitcase Royale, a theatre-comedy ensemble from Melbourne is formed.

Film

 * 28 February – Central City Studios, a five-studio film production complex, opens in the Melbourne Docklands.
 * 29 February – Adam Elliot's short animated film Harvie Krumpet wins the 2003 Academy Award for Animated Short Film.
 * Oyster Farmer

Television
Ending this year:
 * 1 January – Australia's first Digital commercial free-to-air channel, Tasmanian Digital Television begins broadcasting in Hobart as a supplementary broadcaster to existing broadcasters Southern Cross Tasmania & WIN Television. On the same day, WIN TEN goes on air in the Mount Gambier & Riverland regions of South Australia as a supplementary broadcaster to existing solus broadcaster WIN Television.
 * February – Deal or No Deal debuts its 5:30pm timeslot on Seven.
 * February – Top-rating game show Wheel of Fortune makes a super international revamp and a super new-look over to continue its long-run on Seven Local TV.
 * 15 March – Foxtel launches its new digital service, Foxtel Digital.
 * April – After 18 years at SBS, Margaret Pomeranz & David Stratton announce their resignation from the station to move to the ABC to present a new program, At the Movies. Four younger presenters replace them on The Movie Show – Megan Spencer, Fenella Kernebone & Jaimie Leonarder with Marc Fennell presenting a segment on newly released DVDs.
 * 26 July – Broken Hill resident Trevor Butler proposes to his girlfriend immediately after winning A$1,000,000 on Big Brother
 * 21 November – 16-year-old Casey Donovan wins the second series of Australian Idol defeating 21-year-old favourite, Anthony Callea
 * 11 December – The Network Ten is the next Australian television network to introduce a watermark on its programs, although the watermark was broadcast on Ten News. It was located on the bottom left of the screens by TEN-10 Sydney before switching to the bottom right in 2006.
 * November – Burke's Backyard (1987–2004)
 * November – Australia's Funniest Home Video Show (1990–1999, 2000–2004) (program comes back as Australia's Funniest Home Videos and revamps a new-look and new theme in 2005.)
 * December - Cheez TV (1995-2004)

Sport

 * 6 January – Australian captain Steve Waugh retires from Test cricket, playing his last match against India at the Sydney Cricket Ground
 * 26 February – First day of the Australian Track & Field Championships for the 2003–2004 season, which is held at the Sydney Olympic Park in Homebush Bay.
 * 24 March – Sydney Kings defeat West Sydney Razorbacks 90–79 in Game 5 of the best-of-five NBL Grand Final series, becoming champions for the second time.
 * 4 April – Minor Premiers Perth Glory defeat Parramatta Power 1–0 at Parramatta Stadium in the last NSL Grand Final, becoming National Champions for the second year in succession.
 * At the Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, rower Sally Robbins collapses as the team is set to win bronze, relegating them out of the medals. She is mocked by the press & her teammates afterward.
 * August – Australia brings home 49 medals, including a record 17 gold medals, from the 2004 Summer Olympics.
 * 28 August – The Sydney Swifts defeat the Melbourne Phoenix 52–51 in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy netball grand final.
 * 5 September — The Sydney Roosters win the minor premiership, following the conclusion of the final main round of the 2004 NRL season. The South Sydney Rabbitohs finish in last position, claiming the wooden spoon for the second year in a row.
 * 12 September – Daniel Green wins the men's national marathon title, clocking 2:23:06 in Sydney, while Jenny Wickman claims the women's title in 2:55:09.
 * 25 September – (17.11.113) defeat the  (10.13.73) to win the 108th VFL/AFL premiership. It is the first AFL premiership for Port Adelaide & the first grand final loss for Brisbane. It is also the first time 2 non-Victorian teams faced off in a grand final.
 * 3 October – The Canterbury Bulldogs defeat the Sydney Roosters 16–13 to win the National Rugby League premiership. It marks a successful end to a controversial season for the Bulldogs, in which they were accused of sexual assault while in Coffs Harbour. The behavior from some of their fans at times also put the club in hot water. It is the Bulldogs' most recent premiership win.
 * 10 October – Greg Murphy and Rick Kelly take consecutive victories by winning the 2003 Bathurst 1000 for the K-mart Racing Team. It was the sixth consecutive win for Holden, extending the longest winning streak for a manufacturer in the race's history.
 * 29 October – Test cricket: Australia wins the third test against India, winning the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, and winning the first away test series against India since 1969.
 * 2 November – Makybe Diva wins the Melbourne Cup horse racing event. It is the second consecutive Melbourne Cup win for the mare.

Births

 * 2 February – Lucia Field, dancer and singer
 * 23 April – Teagan Croft, actress

Deaths

 * 3 January – Des Corcoran, 75, 37th Premier of South Australia
 * 19 January – David Hookes, 48, cricketer
 * 16 February – Shirley Strickland, 78, athlete, three-time Olympic champion
 * 28 February – Jet Rowland, 1 (born 2002)
 * 21 March – Elizabeth Essex-Cohen, 63, physicist
 * 24 March – Rupert Hamer, 87, former Premier of Victoria
 * 28 March – Percy Beames, 92, Australian rules footballer (Melbourne) and cricketer (b. 1911)
 * 19 April – Tim Burstall, 76, film director and producer
 * 26 May – Gatjil Djerrkura, 54, indigenous leader, Chairman of ATSIC
 * 20 June – Jim Bacon, 54, former Premier of Tasmania
 * 7 July – Xiaokai Yang, 55, economist
 * 12 July – George Mallaby, 64, actor
 * 17 August – Thea Astley, 78, novelist
 * 22 August – Marcel Caux, 105, First World War veteran, last known survivor of the Battle of Pozières
 * 4 September – Walter Campbell, 83, Governor of Queensland
 * 11 October – Keith Miller, 84, cricketer, Australian rules footballer, fighter pilot and journalist
 * 1 November – Marie Tehan, 64, Victorian health minister
 * 6 November – Johnny Warren, 61, football (soccer) player, coach and ethnic community advocate
 * 8 November – Eddie Charlton, 78, snooker player
 * 19 November – Mulrunji, 36, Indigenous Australian resident of Palm Island who controversially died in custody.
 * 20 November – Janine Haines, 59, Australian Democrats senator
 * 20 November – Yvonne Aitken, 93, botanist
 * 4 December – June Maston, 76, sprinter and athletics coach
 * 26 December – Troy Broadbridge, 24, Australian football player, who died in the Indian Ocean Tsunami

title: 2004 in Australia


text:
Toaster pastry

A toaster pastry is a type of bakers' confection. They are thin rectangles often made of rice bran, molasses, flour, syrup, and shortening, which on one side usually has a coating of icing that has been dried with starch. They contain sweet, syrupy fillings, often fruit preserves or other flavoring ingredients such as chocolate or cinnamon. As the name suggests, toaster pastries are often heated in a toaster or oven. They are already fully cooked, however, and may be eaten unheated as well.

Brands
The following list includes some popular brands of toaster pastries:
 * Pop-Tarts: the top selling brand of toaster pastry for many years, first introduced by Kellogg's in 1964.
 * Toast'em Pop Ups: Toast'ems began production in February 1964 as Post Country Squares. The name changed in 1965 to Toast'em Pop Ups. The brand was sold to Schulze and Burch in 1971.
 * Toaster Strudels: Pillsbury's Toaster Strudel is a toaster pastry meant to taste like a traditional German strudel with icing. The icing comes in a removable plastic package, and the pastries must be frozen, unlike other toaster pastries.
 * Toastettes: Nabisco (which is now owned by Kraft Foods) created their toaster pastry in 1967 called "Toastettes", to compete with Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. The brand was discontinued in 2002 after a failed marketing effort to tie Toastettes in with Nabisco's children's brands. Nabisco also made toaster pastries with the name "Kool Stuf", which was also later discontinued.
 * Toastables: The Quaker Oats Company, now a subsidiary of PepsiCo, produces "Toastables".
 * Nature's Path: Developing many flavors, Nature's Path creates organic toaster pastries.

title: Toaster pastry


text:
Damani Ralph

Damani Ralph (born 6 November 1980) is a Jamaican retired footballer who played as a forward. His professional career spanned five years, two with Chicago Fire S.C. (2003–2004) and three with FC Rubin Kazan (2005–2007). He also earned 18 caps with the Jamaica national football team from 2002 to 2005. He has been a Licensed FIFA player agent with ICM Stellar Sports since 2011 and is currently its vice president of soccer in North America.

Early life and career
Ralph began playing football as a boy in Jamaica. This included time with Harbour View and St. George's College before moving to the United States. Ralph began his career in America playing college soccer at Meridian Community College in Meridian, Mississippi, where he scored 59 goals in 45 games and was named MVP of the NJCAA Tournament. After two years with Meridian, Ralph left for the University of Connecticut, where he continued his dominant play. During his two years at Connecticut he scored 28 goals and added 11 assists, and was a Hermann Trophy finalist his senior year.

Major League Soccer
Ralph was drafted 18th overall by the Chicago Fire in the 2003 MLS SuperDraft. He quickly earned a spot in the starting lineup, and finished the season with 11 goals and 6 assists in 25 games. In scoring 11 goals, Ralph broke the MLS record for goals scored by a rookie, previously held by Rodrigo Faria, Josh Wolff, and Jeff Cunningham, and was named MLS Rookie of the Year for his accomplishments. In his second year with the Fire, he scored 11 goals again and added 3 assists to lead the team in scoring. Ralph scored the game-winning goal in the 2003 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final to win the Fire their third U.S. Open Cup.

Europe
Ralph got to contributing to the Fire almost immediately, which quickly caught the attention of European teams. In 2004, following his rookie season, there were rumors that Ralph would move to the Spanish club Malaga, but MLS turned down a reputed $1 million (U.S.) transfer offer. However, in 2005 Ralph finally secured his long desired transfer to Europe. The move was for undisclosed terms - thought to be $2 million (U.S.) - to Russian Club FC Rubin Kazan. The contract would run for three years with a starting yearly salary of $650,000.

In his first season for Rubin, he scored only twice in 25 league games as his team gained a fourth-place finish.

Injury and retirement
In February 2006, before the new Russian season started, Ralph had surgery in Germany to repair damage to his left knee. Later that year he was treated for a second time and he was sidelined for over 2.5 years after undergoing a third consecutive knee operation at the start of 2008.

Attempted Return to MLS
After almost three years out of professional football due to injury, during which he finished his economics degree at the University of Connecticut, Ralph reappeared on trial with Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls during their 2010 pre-season. The trial ended without a contract offer from the club.

International career
Ralph struggled to cement a starting place on the Jamaica national team, largely because of competition from a number of naturalized Jamaican forwards from England. He made his debut in an August 2002 friendly match against Grenada and earned 18 caps, scoring once. He played in 8 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

His final international was an October 2005 friendly against Australia.

Club

 * Chicago Fire
 * Supporters' Shield: 2003
 * Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup: 2003

 * Rubin Kazan
 * La Manga Cup (2): 2005, 2006

Individual

 * MLS Rookie of the Year: 2003
 * MLS Goal of the Year Award: 2003

title: Damani Ralph


text:
Anahim Volcanic Belt

The Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB) is a west–east trending chain of volcanoes and related magmatic features in British Columbia, Canada. It extends from Athlone Island on the Central Coast, running eastward through the strongly uplifted and deeply dissected Coast Mountains to near the community of Nazko on the Interior Plateau. The AVB is delineated as three west-to-east segments that differ in age and structure. A wide variety of igneous rocks with differing compositions occur throughout these segments, comprising landforms such as volcanic cones, volcanic plugs, lava domes, shield volcanoes and intrusions.

Volcanic activity has occurred repeatedly in the AVB for the last 15 million years, during which time three major magmatic episodes took place 15–13, 9–6 and 3–1 million years ago. These major magmatic episodes are represented by plutons, dike swarms, volcanic fields and large shield volcanoes. Volcanic activity in the last 1 million years has been relatively minor and localized, having produced small lava flows and cones. The last eruptive period took place at the easternmost end of the volcanic belt 7,200 years ago, with magma-induced earthquakes having occurred as recently as 2007–2008.

Geology
The AVB is one of the six volcanic provinces in British Columbia that formed during the Neogene–Quaternary period. It consists mainly of alkaline to peralkaline rocks that range from oversaturated, highly evolved phonolites and rhyolites to more undersaturated lavas. Several AVB centres overlie Miocene flood basalts of the Chilcotin Group, which in turn overlie Devonian to Jurassic rocks of the Stikinia volcanic arc terrane. In some places the AVB lavas imperceptibly merge with the Chilcotin Group basalts as the two volcanic zones were active simultaneously from the Neogene to Quaternary.

This west–east trending volcanic belt is about 330 km long, extending from the Central Coast through the Coast Mountains to near the community of Nazko on the Interior Plateau. Its orientation is unique among the Neogene–Quaternary volcanic provinces of British Columbia in that it is perpendicular to the major geomorphological, structural and tectonic elements of the Canadian Cordillera. Three segments comprise the AVB: the western segment, which has been reduced to remnants of eruptive breccia, high-level plutons and dike swarms; the central segment, which consists of predominantly shield volcanoes; and the eastern segment, which consists of several small cinder cones and is the location of all modern volcanic activity.

Several tectonic models have been proposed to explain the origin of the AVB. These include rifting, a mantle hotspot, a plate-edge effect or slab window leading to magma ascent along the northern edge of the Juan de Fuca Plate, or a propagating crack controlled by stress fields related to large-scale plate tectonics of western North America. The generally preferred tectonic model is a mantle hotspot as the AVB decreases in age from west to east, a trend that is consistent with the westward motion of North America at the rate of about 2.5 cm per year. There are also observed chemical differences between the oldest (western) and youngest (eastern) basalts. The youngest basalts are undersaturated alkaline lavas and are classified as basanite, suggesting a deeper source zone for magma in the Nazko area compared to the rest of the AVB.

Western segment
The Bella Bella and Gale Passage dike swarms on the Central Coast of British Columbia form the westernmost extent of the AVB. They are both over 10 km wide, with individual dikes measuring up to 20 m thick. Both swarms attain K–Ar ages of 12.5 to 14.5 million years and consist of a bimodal suite of basalt, trachyte and comendite. Basaltic and comenditic dikes are the most abundant, distributed in about equal proportions. Near the centre of each dike swarm are erosional remnants of rhyolite breccia with locally occurring rhyolite flows that comprise the Bella Bella Formation. The breccias contain a high content of coarse basement clasts, indicating that they are the product of explosive volcanism. Rhyolites associated with the Bella Bella dike swarm are distributed on Denny Island whereas rhyolites belonging to the Gale Passage dike swarm are found on the northern ends of Athlone Island and Dufferin Island.

Exposed in 1000 m high cliffs along the Dean and Burke channels is the King Island Pluton. This easterly trending intrusion has a length of over 20 km and a width of 2.5 km, cutting across the predominantly northwest structural trend of the Coast Plutonic Complex. Two distinct phases of magmatism created the King Island Pluton 10.3 to 13 million years ago. The first and principal phase formed the core of the pluton which comprises coarse-grained syenite. These rocks form most of the pluton exposures at sea level. The second phase resulted in the creation of a marginal zone of alkali granite at the extreme western end of the King Island Pluton, as well as satellite stocks west of the main pluton.

Central segment
Three large shield volcanoes and two locally extensive volcanic fields form the central AVB. They are chemically bimodal, consisting mainly of mafic and felsic lavas with almost no intermediate lavas having been verified. The shield volcanoes share a similar evolution, having formed by an early stage of predominately voluminous felsic volcanism and a late stage of relatively minor mafic volcanism. Although the felsic lavas produced during the early evolutionary stage were high in silica content, they remained fluid enough to build felsic shields.

The volcanic fields consist of lavas that range from basanites and trachybasalts to evolved trachytes and phonolites. They comprise several small volcanoes that are in the form of cones, domes and plugs, most of which likely experienced episodic and short-lived activity. In contrast, the few larger structures in each volcanic field experienced multiple eruptive events over a longer timespan. Both fields were active contemporaneously throughout much of the Pleistocene.

Shield volcanoes
The Rainbow Range is a 30 km diameter, moderately dissected shield volcano that was active 8.7 to 6.7 million years ago. Four volcanic episodes characterized by highly fluid alkaline and peralkaline lava flows created an 845 m thick assemblage exposed on the north flank. A basal sequence of comenditic trachyte flows are unconformably overlain by flows and flow breccias of mugearite which in turn are overlain by a 40 to 60 m thick sequence of columnar-jointed comendite flows. Late stage volcanism resulted in the creation of scattered hawaiite dikes, plugs and minor capping flows over the north flank. Accompanying the northeastern flank is Anahim Peak, a trachyte plug surrounded by a pile of hawaiite flows that are four to eight times thicker than those of the Rainbow Range. The abnormal thicknesses of the Anahim Peak hawaiite flows coupled with a significantly coarser-grained groundmass and higher percentage of phenocrysts than the upper portions of the flows suggest that they were ponded during eruption, possibly as lava lakes within a former cinder cone.

To the east lies the Ilgachuz Range, a slightly smaller and less deeply dissected shield volcano that formed 6.1 to 4.0 million years ago. Its nearly circular and gently sloping structure, 25 km in diameter, consists of four assemblages that were deposited in six major episodes of activity. The lower shield assemblage represents the oldest exposed rocks in the Ilgachuz Range. It comprises pyroclastic breccias, domes and lava flows of alkali rhyolite that have been hydrothermally altered. The overlying upper shield assemblage, which forms the bulk of the Ilgachuz Range, encompasses a series of comendite and pantellerite flows and domes that are interbedded with flows of alkali basalt and hawaiite. Formation of the shield was followed by collapse of a small central caldera in which the intracaldera assemblage was deposited. This assemblage consists of a 150 m thick sequence of tuffs that are overlain by a ponded single cooling unit of trachyte more than 165 m in thickness. The postcaldera assemblage comprises alkali basalt and hawaiite flows that issued from flank vents and from a few small vents within the central caldera. These are the youngest lavas of the Ilgachuz Range.

The Itcha Range is the easternmost and youngest of the three AVB shield volcanoes, having formed between 3.8 and 0.8 million years ago. With a diameter of 15 km, the Itcha Range is also the smallest AVB shield. Its structure is unique among the AVB shields in that it consists of small coalescing volcanic units rather than a stratiform volcanic pile. The basal unit comprises a series of aphyric trachyte flows and domes with minor flow-banded rhyolite, rhyolitic tuffs and thin hawaiite flows. This unit is overlain by a sequence of alkali-feldspar porphyritic trachytes which occur as pyroclastic deposits as well as small lava flows and domes. These trachytes are overlain and intruded by alkali-feldspar porphyritic quartz-trachytic and trachytic plugs, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, debris flows and dikes in the middle of the shield. The uppermost shield-forming unit consists of megacrystic trachyte flows that are distributed throughout the western part of the Itcha Range. Formation of the shield was followed by the eruption of basanites, alkali basalts and hawaiites from small cinder cones, tuff rings and fissures in the eastern half of the shield.

Volcanic fields
The Satah Mountain volcanic field is a linear region of cones and domes extending 50 km south from the Itcha Range to just north of Chantslar Lake. Volcanism along the entire length of the volcanic field 2.5 to 1.4 million years ago was characterized by the eruption of generally small volumes of magma that erupted at various times and at various locations. The eruption rates were high enough to build a north–south trending ridge upon which most of the volcanoes are located. This elongated feature, known as Satah Ridge, rises above the surrounding plateau surface with an average topographic prominence of 200 m. The alignment of the Satah Mountain volcanic field corresponds with the orientation of two sets of normal faults in the Itcha Range, suggesting that volcanism there may have been controlled by a fault system. More than 20 volcanoes have been identified throughout the Satah Mountain volcanic field, with Satah Mountain and Mount Punkutlaenkut being the largest. Smaller centres include Jorgensen Hill, Sugarloaf Mountain, Turbo Lake, White Creek and Holte Creek.

The Baldface Mountain volcanic field is a group of scattered cones 25 km east of the Itcha Range. Argon–argon dating of seven cones indicate the volcanic field was active 2.5 to 0.91 million years ago, during which time the Itcha Range and the Satah Mountain volcanic field were also areas of volcanicity. Baldface Mountain is the largest and one of the oldest volcanoes in the Baldface Mountain volcanic field. It consists of a 2.37 million year old cone of aphanitic phonolite and porphyritic trachyte with feldspar phenocrysts. A basaltic lava flow near the head of Moore Creek has an age of 3.91 million years, similar to the oldest rocks known from the Itcha Range or the Chilcotin Group basalts of the surrounding plateau. The relation of this flow to the Baldface Mountain volcanic field is in question as its source and extent have not been identified.

Eastern segment
Nazko Cone is the main eruptive centre forming the eastern segment of the AVB. It consists of overlapping piles of basaltic flows and cones that were formed during at least three eruptive periods. The first volcanic episode is represented by a subaerial basalt flow that forms the base of the volcano. It was deposited during a Pleistocene interglacial stage 0.34 million years ago and is extensively eroded. The second episode is constituted by a subglacial mound of hyaloclastite that formed under the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, perhaps during the Fraser Glaciation which took place between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago. It forms the western side of Nazko Cone and is dominated by blocks of highly vesicular, glassy basalt. The third episode is defined by coalescing pyroclastic cones and associated lava flows that formed subaerially during the Holocene. Radiocarbon dating of bog peat above and below a tephra layer near Nazko Cone suggest that the latest eruption took place about 7,200 years ago. This is the only known Holocene eruption from Nazko Cone as no other tephra layers have been identified.

From 9 October 2007 to 15 May 2008, a series of earthquakes measuring up to 2.9 magnitude occurred in the Nechako Basin about 20 km west of Nazko Cone. Most of them occurred 25 to 31 km below the surface, indicating they originated within the lowermost crust. Analysis of seismic waves suggest that the earthquake swarm was caused by brittle failure and fracturing of rock at depth from magma intrusion. No volcanic eruption was likely as the number and size of the tremors were too small. Although these volcano tectonic earthquakes were too small to be felt, they generated substantial local interest as they represented a significant concentration of seismic activity within the Anahim Volcanic Belt.

title: Anahim Volcanic Belt


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Talk:Case Closed

List of Case Closed episodes (seasons 16–current) has broken templates
The page at List of Case Closed episodes (seasons 16–current) has too many templates in place, which some are no longer showing up at all. Malcolm L. Mitchell (talk) 19:20, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:56, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Detective Conan Town.jpg

Audience
I get how popular the anime was, but understand it’s targeted audiences are still mainly teenage boys as the target demographic of a Shonen manga, anime or magazine are teen boys 12-18. But the reception article keeps making it think that the government is trying to aim the anime to kids. Which is NOT the franchise main target audiences. Especially with how dark and violent the series can be. Shonen manga and anime mainly target teenage boys and still do. Every chief-editor of the magazines have said that despite how popular their magazines are with audiences younger and older than it’s target demographic (male or female), the works within the magazines and manga themselves STILL only target teenage boys. SG1994! (talk) 14:10, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , the article infobox already has demographic=Shonen and lists that it is printed in Shonen-titled magazines and imprints. Was there something that needed to be edited in the reception section?  AngusW🐶🐶F  ( bark  •  sniff ) 14:33, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Request
Hi there. I'm not here to request anything anymore. I just want if someone could please take the time to post below me all of the reasons as to why there won't be first volume cover as profile picture and an overall plot covering the entire story, so that the explanations are more in handy on the main talk page. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.195.107.16 (talk • contribs) 14:06, 14 April 2021 (UTC)
 * The volume image is from With a Bang (Case Closed) and is used to reduce the amount of Non-Free Content images on Wikipedia. Why would we want to add more NFC images that don't add much value to the site? The plot is pretty much up to date. Nothing significant has happened in forever and the author takes weeks off after every 3 or 4 chapters now. D.Zero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 15:24, 14 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Please note that has been blocked for sockpuppetry.  AngusW🐶🐶F  ( bark  •  sniff ) 20:55, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Current english dub uses Japanese names
I know the point of using English vs. the original names has been brought up many, many times so I don't want to seem like I'm beating a dead horse, but I do think it's at least worth noting that TMS's most recent international releases of Detective Conan media, ie. the dubs of Movie 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 along with Episode ONE, have all used the original Japanese character names as opposed to Funimation's old localised ones. I feel as though this is at least worth considering in the ongoing debate between using Japanese names vs. Funimation's ones.

Of course, Viz Media's manga translation does still use the localised names, so it's not like this is a 100% clear cut issue, however TMS themselves are directly involved in producing the movie dubs, so it seems pretty clear that the official preference is in favour of using the original names. ThomasGameDocs (talk) 09:41, 17 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Since the manga is the primary work we should go with the names it uses.--65.93.194.2 (talk) 05:47, 25 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Note there are actually two English versions of the manga. VIZ Media (US/Canada/UK/Ireland) uses new English names for main characters while Shogakukan Asia (Singapore/Malaysia/Philippines/Brunei) uses the original Japanese names. WhisperToMe (talk) 08:23, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I would like to also say that why should it always have to comply with Viz? The manga has fans all around the world and Wikipedia itself is an international platform so it should be feasible to use the Shogakukan Asia Manga as a reference since I feel this particular series is more famous in Asia anyway so it should comply with that instead. This is just in my opinion feel free to counteract any of the info above, thank you. VP Gerudo (talk) 15:25, 27 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Per MOS:ANIME (or MOS:MANGA, same page), "If there are multiple English releases, such as both a manga and anime, use the one that is best known and that has contributed most to the work's becoming known in the English-speaking world (usually the primary work)"  The Viz Media manga version has contributed most to the English-speaking world. Shogakukan started in 2014, long after the series has become well-known in English as Case Closed, and characters Jimmy Kudo, etc.  This isn't a case where there were multiple English versions of fairly equal footing as with the Dragon Ball dubs.  AngusW🐶🐶F  ( bark  •  sniff ) 18:27, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes but I feel most people have switched over from Viz as they feel the name changes are useless and the original being more famous since the beginning is also the one most people now know in the English-speaking world, still if you have more to say feel free to continue this conversation. VP Gerudo (talk) 18:41, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
 * One way to move forward is to find an analysis of how many published reliable sources in English (only in English) use the original names and how many use the dub names. Such can be evidence of needing to move to the Singapore manga names (which are the Japanese names). WhisperToMe (talk) 05:10, 9 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes that is a good idea, will do that as soon as possible. Thanks for the suggestion. VP Gerudo (talk) 11:04, 18 April 2023 (UTC)
 * most conan fan is from outside us though 114.124.176.118 (talk) 13:40, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * "Well-known" in English-speaking world? That's only in North America.
 * Let's not forget English also being used as primary language is some Asian countries like India and Singapore where Detective Conan is being used.
 * Even English official title in Japan itself is Detective Conan, you can see the title being used in Japanese anime release or any non-American English anime release (e.g. Indonesia). Christian Elbrianno (talk) 16:37, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

Remove Historical and Cultural Significance Section
Hello, I believe this section is not relevant nor all that informative and should be removed.

The first paragraph contains non-relevant historical commentary and subjective comments sourced from an undergraduate thesis. The second paragraph does not accurately represent the source it uses. "Using chopsticks" can not be considered cultural commentary. The third paragraph makes claims on music that are not supported by the pages it links to. I can not find a way to access the source but if relevant, I propose citing to it on the linked pages as well. The final paragraph comments on the setting by directly referencing episodes of the show. If included, this same paragraph would have to be included for most anime shows. The final line might be better suited to the 'Plot' section. Rspln (talk) 05:30, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I reread the section, and yes, there are definitely various issues with it, mainly on its focus and the use of the sources. I wouldn't mind to have it removed altogether from the article. Xexerss (talk) 05:51, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Case Closed