text:
Donai

Donai is a civil parish in the municipality of Bragança, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 446, in an area of 15.07 km².

title: Donai


text:
Cükätaw

Cükätaw (pronounced ; Tatar: Җүкәтау, Juketau, Джукетау), or Zhukotin (Жукотин) was a medieval Bolgar city during the 10th to 15th centuries CE. The city was situated on the right bank of the Kama, near the modern city of Chistopol.

In the 10th to 13th centuries it was one of the most important centres of the fur trade in Volga Bulgaria. The city was the capital of the Cükätaw Duchy. In 1236 Cükätaw was destroyed by Batu Khan's troops during the Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria. Following the Russian pirate raids in the 14th and 15th centuries, the city's power declined. After the town was sacked by Yuri of Zvenigorod in 1414, it was abandoned. The ruins are situated near the modern village of Danaurovka.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cükätaw


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Espinhosela

Espinhosela is a civil parish in the municipality of Bragança, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 244, in an area of 37.03 km2.

title: Espinhosela


text:
Salt (disambiguation)

Salt is a dietary mineral, used for flavoring and preservation.

Salt or salts may also refer to:

Chemistry

 * Salt (chemistry), an ionic compound
 * Epsom salt, magnesium sulfate
 * Glauber's salt, sodium sulfate
 * Sodium chloride, the main ingredient in edible salt (table salt)
 * Halite (rock salt)
 * Road salt, calcium chloride or sodium chloride used to de-ice roads
 * Sea salt, a mixture of salts and minerals, obtained by evaporation of seawater

Places

 * Salt, Girona, Spain
 * Salt, Jordan
 * Salt Municipality, a municipality in and around Salt, Jordan
 * Salt Rural LLG, Papua New Guinea
 * Salt, Staffordshire, England
 * Salt, Uttarakhand, a town in Uttarakhand, India
 * Salt (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency), the state Assembly constituency centered around the town
 * Salt River (disambiguation)

People with the name

 * Salt (rapper) (born Cheryl James, 1966), a hip-hop artist and member of Salt-N-Pepa
 * Abu al-Salt, Andalusian-Arab polymath
 * Barbara Salt (1904–1975), a British diplomat
 * Bernard Salt, an Australian financial writer
 * Don Reitz, an American ceramic artist nicknamed "Mr. Salt"
 * Edward Salt (1881–1970), a British politician
 * George Salt (1903–2003), an English entomologist
 * Henry Salt (Egyptologist) (1780–1827), an English artist, traveler, and diplomat
 * Henry Stephens Salt (1851–1939), an English writer and campaigner for social reforms
 * Jack Salt (born 1996), New Zealand basketball player
 * Jennifer Salt (born 1944), an American actress and screenwriter
 * John Salt (1937–2021), an English artist
 * John Stevenson Salt (1777–1845), an English banker
 * John Salt (bishop), a South African Anglican bishop
 * Phil Salt (cricketer) (born 1996), Welsh-born cricketer for Sussex
 * Phil Salt (footballer) (born 1979), an English footballer
 * Sam Salt (1940–2009), a British admiral
 * Thomas Salt (1830–1904), British banker and politician
 * Titus Salt (1803–1876), an English textile manufacturer and benefactor
 * Waldo Salt (1914–1987), an American screenwriter
 * William Salt (1808–1863), an English banker and genealogist
 * Salt, a female professional wrestler from the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling

Fictional characters

 * Salt, a character played by Haruka Shimazaki in the series Majisuka Gakuen
 * Charlie Salt, a character played by Sammy Davis Jr. in the 1968 movie Salt and Pepper
 * Evelyn Salt, the titular protagonist of the 2010 movie Salt
 * Heluda Salt, a character in the 2002 Tamora Pierce novel Cold Fire
 * Mr. Salt, a character in the Nick Jr. series Blue's Clues
 * Mr. Salt, a recurring character in the animated streaming television series Close Enough
 * Sally Salt, a character played by Sarah Polley in the 1988 movie The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
 * Veruca Salt (character), a character in the 1964 Roald Dahl novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Films

 * Salt (1965 film), a Bulgarian short documentary by Eduard Zahariev
 * Salt (1985 film), North Korean tragedy film
 * Salt (1987 film), an Indian Malayalam film
 * Salt (2006 film), a thriller
 * Salt (2009 film), a short documentary
 * Salt (2010 film), an action film starring Angelina Jolie

Literature

 * Salt (Roberts novel), a 2000 science fiction novel by Adam Roberts
 * Salt (Lovelace novel), a 1997 Trinidadian novel by Earl Lovelace
 * Salt: A World History, a non-fiction book by Mark Kurlansky

Groups

 * Salt (band), a Swedish alternative rock band
 * SALT (band), a French-American rock band founded in 2016
 * SALT (quartet), a Swedish barbershop quartet

Albums

 * Salt (Angie McMahon album), 2019
 * Salt (Forget Cassettes album)
 * Salt (Half Moon Run album)
 * Salt (Lizz Wright album), 2003
 * Salt (Venetian Snares album)
 * Salt (Wuthering Heights album)

Songs

 * "Salt" (Ava Max song), 2018
 * "Salt" (Oh Land song), 2019
 * "Salt", a song by Bad Suns from the album Language & Perspective
 * "Salt", a song by Lizz Wright from the album Salt
 * "Salt", a song by Madrugada from the album Industrial Silence
 * "Salt", a song by Venetian Snares from the album Salt
 * "S.A.L.T.", a song by The Orb on the album Orblivion
 * "Salts", a song by Sannhet from the album So Numb

Opera

 * "Salt", a mini-opera for alto voice, amplified cello and electronics by Missy Mazzoli from 2012

Computing

 * Salt (cryptography), random data that is used as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes a password or passphrase
 * Salt (software), a Python-based open source configuration management and remote execution application
 * Speech Application Language Tags, an XML-based markup language
 * Syntactic salt, a type of computer language syntax

Enterprises

 * Salt Mobile, a Swiss mobile provider
 * Salt Publishing, a book publisher
 * Salts Healthcare Ltd, UK medical manufacturer
 * Salts Mill, former textile mill now art gallery etc in Saltaire, West Yorkshire, UK

Organizations

 * SALT (institution), a non-profit institution in Istanbul, Turkey
 * Sail and Life Training Society (SALTS), a non-profit Christian organization based in Victoria, British Columbia, which provides sail training and life lessons
 * Salt Grammar School, former name of Titus Salt School, Bradford, England
 * Salts F.C., a soccer team in Saltaire, West Yorkshire, England, UK
 * Socialist Alternative (Australia) (SAlt; c.f. SA for Socialist Alliance), a revolutionary socialist organisation in Australia
 * The Savior's Alliance for Lifting the Truth, a sexual abstinence organization

Other uses

 * Salt (Swedish magazine), political magazine published between 1999 and 2002
 * Salt (union organizing), a labor union member who gets a job at a specific workplace with the intent of organizing a union
 * Salt cellar, also known just as "salt", tableware
 * SALT Conference, a financial conference hosted by SkyBridge Capital
 * Seminars About Long-term Thinking (SALT), a lecture series
 * Skin-associated lymphoid tissue, a component of Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
 * SkyBridge Alternatives Conference (SALT), the largest hedge fund conference in the world
 * Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), a 10-metre class optical telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory
 * Speech and Language Therapy (SALT)
 * State and local tax, especially in the context of the state and local tax ("SALT") deduction in United States federal income tax
 * Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, nuclear weapon talks between the USA and USSR, or the resultant treaties:
 * SALT I of 1972
 * SALT II of 1979

title: Salt (disambiguation)


text:
Buenos Aires Convention

The Buenos Aires Convention (Third Pan-American Convention) is an international copyright treaty signed in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 11 August 1910, providing mutual recognition of copyrights where the work carries a notice containing a statement of reservation of rights (Art. 3). This was commonly done with the phrase "All rights reserved" (Todos los derechos reservados; Todos os direitos reservados) next to the copyright notice. This implementation varied as US law only required the author and year of publishing. Copyright protection under the convention is granted for the shorter of the terms of the protecting country and the source country of the work ("rule of the shorter term", Arts. 6, 7). The rather vague nature of the requirement for a statement of reservation led to the development of longer and more legalistic wordings, which have persisted despite the developments in international copyright law.

The convention is specifically retained by the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) of 6 September 1952 (Art. 18 Geneva Act), with the most recent formulation taking precedence in case of conflict. As the Buenos Aires Convention was not modified, the presence of a simple copyright notice was sufficient to ensure mutual recognition of copyright between countries which became parties to the UCC (which only Honduras never did). As of August 23, 2000, all parties to the Buenos Aires Convention are also parties to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, which provides for mutual recognition of copyright without any formalities (Art. 5.2 Berne).

The Buenos Aires Convention became a "special agreement" in the terms of Article 20 of the Berne Convention. It remains in force, notably for determining the source country of a work and hence the term of protection which is applicable in countries which apply the "rule of the shorter term": when a work is simultaneously published in a Convention State and a non-Convention State, the Convention State will be taken to be the source country regardless of the term of protection in the non-Convention State.

Sources: U.S. Copyright Office, UNESCO, WIPO

title: Buenos Aires Convention


text:
Aysgarth Falls

Aysgarth Falls are a triple flight of waterfalls, surrounded by woodland and farmland, carved out by the River Ure over an almost 1 mi stretch on its descent to mid-Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales of England, near the village Aysgarth. The falls are quite spectacular after heavy rainfall as thousands of gallons of water cascade over the series of broad limestone steps, which are divided into three stages: Upper Force, Middle Force and Lower Force.

The falls are an SSSI.

Description
Aysgarth Falls have attracted visitors for more than 200 years, including John Ruskin, J. M. W. Turner and William Wordsworth, all of whom enthused about the falls' outstanding beauty. The falls were created when meltwater from the Ice Age that had been held back by a terminal moraine spilled down over the area and eroded the boulder clay and the bedrock limestone underneath. The falls drop 200 ft over a half-mile section of the river.

The Falls are situated in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. There is a visitors' centre with an exhibition, information, items for sale, a café, toilets and a pay-and-display car park.

There are public footpaths through the wooded valley, offering views of the river and falls. Wild flowers appear in the spring and summer, for example snowdrops in January and February, primroses in April and bluebells in May, and birds, squirrels and deer may also be seen. Occasionally salmon can be seen leaping up the falls in autumn. Nearby is St Andrew's Church, which reputedly has the largest churchyard in England. The church has a medieval painted wooden screen rescued from the destroyed Jervaulx Abbey.

The name originates from Old Norse and means the open space in the oak trees.

Popular culture
All three falls were featured in the films Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights, and they were featured on the television programme Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the North.

title: Aysgarth Falls


text:
David Davis Walker

David Davis Walker (January 19, 1840 – October 4, 1918) was an American businessman. He started his career as a dry goods wholesaler in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the co-founder of Ely & Walker, which remains a clothing brand to this day.

Early life
David Davis Walker was born on January 19, 1840, on a farm near Bloomington, Illinois, to George E. Walker (1797–1864) and Harriet Mercer (1802–1869). His paternal grandfather, Thomas Walker, was an English slave trader. Walker was a first cousin of Senator and Supreme Court Justice David Davis.

At age fourteen, he was sent to the Beloit Preparatory Academy, part of Beloit College in Wisconsin.

Business career
In 1857, Walker went to St. Louis for business training with the merchandiser Crow, McCreery & Co., then the largest wholesale dry goods house in the city. He worked his way up from office boy, and became a partner after just eight years with the firm. He became ill as a result of his workaholic habits, quitting in 1878, and spent the next two years recovering.

In 1880, he went back to work, forming Ely, Walker & Co. with Frank Ely and others. The business was highly successful, and in 1883 it was incorporated as the Ely & Walker Dry Goods Company. He remained President of the company until 1892, and thereafter retained the largest interest in the firm. In 1896, the company built a massive warehouse on Washington Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri, which became known as Ely Walker Lofts. His sons David Davis, Jr., Joseph Sidney and George Herbert all had involvement with the Ely & Walker firm, which continued as a major clothing manufacturer until it was acquired by Burlington Industries after World War II, but George went into banking.

Personal life
Walker married Martha Adela Beaky. They had 6 children including George Herbert Walker.

Death and legacy
Walker died in 1918 at Walker's Point, his son George's seaside property in Kennebunkport, Maine, the modern-day Bush compound. His great-grandson, George H. W. Bush, and his great-great-grandson, George W. Bush, both served as President of the United States.

title: David Davis Walker


text:
Jagoldai

Jagoldai (Tatar Turkic:  Cağolday, Cağalday, Jaholdaj, Jahołdajewszczyzna, Яголдаева тьма) (pronounce: yah-gohl-DAI or jah-ghahl-DAY) – little Tatar Turkic tyumen (duchy) in today Kursk Oblast and Belgorod Oblast of Russia as well as the Sloboda Ukraine, vassal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 15th–16th century.

It was founded in 1438 by Tatars of Golden Horde.

title: Jagoldai


text:
User:Goodgolly

I like to read books.

I like to surf the net.

I like to listen to music.

I am working on a doctorate in philosophy.

title: User:Goodgolly


text:
França (Bragança)

França is a civil parish in the municipality of Bragança, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 238, in an area of 53.71 km2.

title: França (Bragança)


text:
User:Oswd

 * A citizen of the European Union.
 * Born and currently living in Finland.
 * Originally from Kuusankoski, now resides at Espoo.
 * A student of computer science and engineering at Helsinki University of Technology.
 * A reservist sergeant in the Finnish Defence Forces.
 * Participates in English and Finnish Wikipedia. Registered only into the English version.

title: User:Oswd


text:
Alan Dale

Alan Hugh Dale (born 6 May 1947) is a New Zealand actor. As a child, Dale enjoyed theatre and rugby. After retiring from the sport, he took on a number of occupations, before deciding to become a professional actor at age 27. Dale subsequently moved to Australia, where he played Dr. John Forrest in The Young Doctors from 1979 to 1982. He later appeared as Jim Robinson in Neighbours, a part he played from 1985 until 1993. He left the series when he fell out with the producers over the pay he and the rest of the cast received. In 2018, it was revealed that Dale would reprise his role as Jim for one episode of Neighbours, 25 years after his last appearance.

After leaving Neighbours, Dale found he had become typecast as Jim Robinson in Australia and struggled to find work. His career was revitalised after he relocated to the United States in 2000. Since then, he has had roles in many American series including prominent parts in The O.C. (as Caleb Nichol) and Ugly Betty (as Bradford Meade), as well as recurring and guest roles in Lost, 24, NCIS, ER, The West Wing, The X-Files, Entourage and Once Upon a Time. Dale has also appeared in minor roles in films such as Star Trek: Nemesis, Hollywood Homicide, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Captain America: The Winter Soldier, as well as the London West End production of Spamalot. Dale has been married to former Miss Australia Tracey Pearson since 1990 and has four children. From 2017 to 2021, Dale starred in the soap opera Dynasty as Joseph Anders.

Early life and work
Dale was born on 6 May 1947 in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. One of four children, Dale enjoyed his childhood, but his family was relatively poor. Growing up in New Zealand without televisions, Dale loved the theatre and amateur dramatics. His first performance was for a school concert, at the age of 13, doing an impression of comedian Shelley Berman. After moving northwards, his parents became founding members of an amateur theatre in Auckland called "The Little Dolphin Theatre". Dale often operated the stage equipment used to produce weather effects,

Dale was a skilled rugby player, but opted to move into drama instead because "the acting fraternity didn't like footballers and the footballers didn't like actors. [...] Acting gave me the same buzz and there was the chance of a longer career." He gave up rugby at the age of 21 because it was not considered a workable career at the time, and he had to support his family. Acting roles were limited in New Zealand so Dale worked in multiple jobs, including as a male model, a car salesman and a realtor. While working as a milkman he heard the disc jockey at his local radio station resign during a broadcast. Dale went over to the station and told the managers he could do a better job. They gave him a trial and then signed him up for the afternoon show. At the age of 27, he decided to become a professional actor.

Early roles and Neighbours
Dale's first professional acting job was playing an Indian in a production of The Royal Hunt of the Sun at the Grafton Theatre in Auckland. His first on-screen role came in the New Zealand television drama Radio Waves, which although not successful, he described as "nine months of solid work and great fun." In the late 1970s, Dale moved to Australia at the age of 32, due to the limited acting work in New Zealand. He applied to the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney, but was rejected because he "was a lot older than anybody else on the course." He was soon cast as Dr. John Forrest in the Australian soap opera The Young Doctors, where he remained for three-and-a-half years.

In 1985, Dale was cast in the continuing role of Jim Robinson in the Australian soap opera Neighbours. He appeared on the show from the first episode and stayed for eight years before his character was killed off in 1993. He found working on Neighbours "exciting" and it enabled him to provide for his sons, but he said: "You were a totally replaceable commodity; [the production company] didn't put any value on any of the people appearing in the show." He expanded: "I didn't like it there, they were not nice people. When we decided that we hated each other, the company and me, one of the things the company did was to market everything they could out of us and pay us nothing." Dale and the company (Grundy Television) parted on "bad terms", although he would later go on to appear on the show again in 2018 and 2019.

After Neighbours, Dale struggled to find work in Australia because he was typecast as Jim Robinson. His only regular sources of income were voice-overs, and publishing magazines about his former show which he "made quite a lot of money out of". He lost most of his profits investing in a failed children's magazine. In 1999, he was cast in the American television film First Daughter, which was filmed in Australia. After discovering he could perform a convincing American accent, Dale attended the film's premiere, finally moving with his family to the United States permanently in January 2000. Dale, his second wife Tracey, and their then two-year-old son Nick moved into an "awful little flat" in Los Angeles and found an agent. Dale recalled telling his wife in Melbourne that "there's no way this is going to work. But if it does, it proves you can do anything."

Wider success
At the age of 52, he began to revive his career and started taking acting classes, something he had not thought about after being cast in Neighbours. He described his age, unknown status and willingness to work for a relatively low fee as being his main assets for getting work in America. His drama teacher, whom he has remained with ever since, told him "that you might want to play great roles, but truth is you will get cast as a specific type. Just work out your type. The others in the class said I was a bit Anthony Hopkins and a bit Sean Connery and that went into my head. I thought if I go for roles those guys would go for I'm more likely to get them." The first role he was offered was a part in a series called Sign of Life, a show about a rock band, which eventually fell through. Dale only received a couple of auditions during his first year in America, but his break came when he was cast as the South African Al Patterson in four episodes of ER. Since then, Dale has been "busier than ever".

He has appeared in many television series including guest appearances on The West Wing, Torchwood, The Lone Gunmen, Californication, and The Practice. Many of these have been recurring roles, such as the part of Tom Morrow in JAG and its spin-off NCIS, as well as appearing in three episodes, including the series finale, of The X-Files, playing the "Toothpick Man". He played the recurring role of Vice President of the United States Jim Prescott for seven episodes of the second season of 24, a part which was originally supposed to be a single scene. Dale had recurring roles in the serial Midnight Man and the Australian series Sea Patrol in 2008. He also had recurring parts on Undercovers, Entourage as John Ellis, the fictional owner of Warner Bros., and the British series Moving Wallpaper as a fictional version of himself. He had a recurring role as King George in the series Once Upon a Time, and Emmett in Hot in Cleveland, before joining the main cast of Dominion in 2014, playing General Edward Riesen.

From 2003 to 2010, Dale appeared in his longest running American roles. He starred in the Fox TV series, The O.C. playing Caleb Nichol, a wealthy tycoon. The producers saw that the character had further potential, and made his initially recurring role a regular character in the series. After 35 appearances, Caleb was killed off in the second-season episode "The O.Sea" in 2005. Dale was disappointed that Caleb was written out and described it as a mistake by the production staff. In 2006, Dale was cast in the starring role of Bradford Meade, the owner of Meade Publications in the ABC show Ugly Betty. Although he impressed the producers in his audition, he initially lost the role to a "bigger star". After said star began "causing trouble" and was fired, Dale was given the part. Bradford was killed off during the show's second season. Dale appeared in the second-season finale of Lost, "Live Together, Die Alone", as Charles Widmore, a businessman and leader of the Others. Dale's publicist was initially worried that Widmore (who was an integral part of the show's mystery) would become a starring role, meaning it would be hard for Dale to appear in both Lost and Ugly Betty at the same time. The part became a recurring role, with Dale appearing numerous times between seasons two (2006) and six (2010). He enjoyed the role but often found it difficult due to his character's unclear motivation.

In March 2008, Dale replaced Peter Davison in the lead role of King Arthur in the London West End production of Monty Python's Spamalot at the Palace Theatre. He accepted the role because he was a huge fan of Monty Python and considered that "life's too short" for him to have turned down a West End part. Although he has seen all of the Flying Circus sketches and Life Of Brian, Dale had never seen Monty Python and the Holy Grail (from which Spamalot is "lovingly ripped off") and had to buy a copy to prepare for the role. It was not his first experience in musical theatre because he appeared in a 1984 Australian production of Applause, but Dale found the comic timing of the part to be the hardest task. "On stage, the battle is to find all of the humorous moments and not skip over them. [...] There's an art to Python humour and I'm aiming to try and get every single joke just right." He was succeeded in the role by Sanjeev Bhaskar on 23 June 2008.

Dale has also made several film appearances. He appeared as the Romulan Praetor Hiren in Star Trek: Nemesis, a part he got after the actor originally cast fell ill, and had small parts in films such as Hollywood Homicide, After the Sunset, and the minor part of General Ross in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Dale said his script for Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was printed on tin foil so it was impossible to replicate, in order to keep the film's plot a secret. He appeared in four films released in 2011: A Little Bit of Heaven, Priest, Don't Be Afraid of the Dark, and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, having joined late in the film's production.

Popularity and style
Despite his mainstream success upon his move to America, Dale remained primarily known for his role as Jim Robinson in Neighbours in the United Kingdom and Australia for several years. This was spoofed in a promotional ident for the UK's Channel 4 in 2007 which sees Dale taking part in a mock interview about the sudden upturn in his career, before being accosted by an Australian fan, who recognises him as Jim Robinson. Discussing this association after Ugly Betty ' s 2007 Golden Globe win, Dale noted: "Every article I read I'm always, 'Ex-soap star Jim Robinson'. Maybe now people will just get to know me as actor Alan Dale." In 2007, Amazon.co.uk reported that they had sold more DVDs of films and television shows featuring Dale than any featuring other ex-Neighbours cast members.

Dale's characters on most of the American television shows he has appeared on have shared similar character traits, which Dale describes as the "go-to powerful guy". "I either play rulers of the world or the guy who kills the ruler of the world", he said, recalling that his age benefited him after moving to the US, because "A lot of the American middle-aged faces were too familiar, I came along and people were saying 'Who is this great new guy?' And I was cheap". Following his appearance as Senator Eaton in The Killing in 2011, reviewers commented on his tendency to play powerful, wealthy and mysterious characters in many shows. Maureen Ryan of TV Squad wrote that it was "lovely to see Alan Dale playing a typically Alan Dale-ian character. He's always so great at playing That Sketchy Wealthy Guy With a Hidden Agenda, which he has now played on, I believe, 87 different shows. And he always does it well." Coincidentally, Dale's characters in Neighbours, The O.C. and Ugly Betty have all been killed off by a fatal heart attack. Christopher Rosen of The New York Observer wrote in 2008 that "with his square jaw and seemingly no nonsense attitude, Mr. Dale is the go-to actor when casting directors need a conservative-looking authoritarian. When he comes onto the screen, audiences immediately take him seriously, since he radiates rich, smug and serious. He demands your respect." Rosen says that Dale is "not even...a particularly good actor" but is "fine enough" and "bring[s] a no frills, no gimmicks style to his roles," and "manages to give a consistent performance in every show he appears on."

Jayne Nelson, writing in magazine SFX, named Dale the second most "serial" science-fiction guest star after Mark Sheppard. She wrote: "The thing is, soap-opera origins aside, Dale is always good. Which is why he keeps getting so much work....Dale never lets you down, always (well, usually) summoning up a pitch-perfect accent, too. There's something comforting about his presence on a show, as though the fact he's in it has lent it some weight." In a profile of his work on "cult shows", Ben Rawson-Jones of Digital Spy called Dale an "institution".

Personal life
In 1968, Dale married his girlfriend, Claire. The couple had two children, Simon and Matthew, both of whom are involved in the entertainment industry, Simon as a radio announcer at Kiss 100 and Matthew as a writer, film maker and actor. The marriage ended in divorce in 1979. At the time, Dale lived in Auckland but after the divorce he moved to Sydney with his sons.

On 8 April 1990, he married Tracey Pearson, the 1986 Miss Australia, whom he met at the 1986 Australian Grand Prix, when she was 21 and he was 39. Dale described it as "the most appropriate relationship I've ever had." Dale also has two children from this marriage, Daniel and Nick.

He and his family now live in Manhattan Beach, California and also owns property in Australia. Dale sold his holiday home in New Zealand in 2011 for $1.25m. Both of Dale's parents died in 2007. Dale describes his life philosophy as being Winston Churchill's quote "Never, never, never give up", and counts Gene Hackman as his "big acting hero".

Theatre

 * Spamalot (2008) – King Arthur

title: Alan Dale


text:
DNG

DNG can have the following meanings:

 * Digital Negative, also known as "Adobe DNG" and "Adobe Digital Negative", a publicly available digital photography raw image format
 * Delaware National Guard
 * DetonatioN Gaming
 * Negative-index metamaterial, also known as double negative metamaterials, materials in which both permittivity and magnetic permeability are less than zero. They are a class of Electromagnetic metamaterials.
 * Degrassi: The Next Generation, a Canadian television series
 * An abbreviation of dienogest, a progestin medication
 * The ISO 639-3 code for the Dungan language
 * The station code for Dandenong railway station, Victoria, Australia
 * The station code for Dunton Green railway station, Kent, England

title: DNG


text:
User:CryptoDerk/UNLV

This image is part of the University of Nevada at Las Vegas Special Collections on the World Series of Poker. Permission was given by David G. Schwartz, director of the Center for Gaming Research, to use any materials from this site in accordance with the GFDL.

title: User:CryptoDerk/UNLV


text:
Explorer 6

Explorer 6, or S-2, was a NASA satellite, launched on 7 August 1959, at 14:24:20 GMT. It was a small, spheroidal satellite designed to study trapped radiation of various energies, galactic cosmic rays, geomagnetism, radio propagation in the upper atmosphere, and the flux of micrometeorites. It also tested a scanning device designed for photographing the Earth's cloud cover. On 14 August 1959, Explorer 6 took the first photos of Earth from a satellite.

Beacon (108 and 378 MHz)
This experiment measured the electron density near the satellite. The observational equipment comprised two coherent transmitters operating at 108 and 378 MHz. Doppler difference frequency and change in Faraday rotation of the 108-MHz signal were observed. Signals were observed from the receiving station at Hawaii for 20 to 70 minutes during each of eight passes during 11 days. Severe fading and a strong magnetic storm added to difficulties in data interpretation. The 378-MHz beacon transmitter failure terminated the experiment.

Fluxgate Magnetometer
A fluxgate magnetometer was used to measure the component of the magnetic field parallel to the spin axis of the vehicle. The measurements, when combined with those made with the search coil magnetometer (which measured component of the ambient field perpendicular to spin axis of vehicle) and the aspect sensor, where intended to determine the direction and magnitude of the ambient magnetic field. It was intended to obtain measurements at altitudes up to 8 Earth radii, but due to permanent multipole disturbances within the vehicle the fluxgate magnetometer became saturated and returned no data. Thus, information was available from only the search coil and the aspect indicator.

Ion Chamber and Geiger–Müller Counter
The instrumentation for this experiment consisted of a Neher-type integrating ionization chamber and an Anton 302 Geiger–Müller tube (GM). Due to the complex nonuniform shielding of the detectors, only approximate energy threshold values were available. The ion chamber responded omnidirectionally to electrons and protons with energies greater than 1.5 and 23.6 MeV, respectively. The GM tube responded omnidirectionally to electrons and protons with energies greater than 2.9 and 36.4 MeV respectively. Counts from the GM tube and pulses from the ion chamber were accumulated in separate registers and telemetered by the analog system. The time that elapsed between the first two ion chamber pulses following a data transmission and the accumulation time for 1024 GM tube counts were telemetered digitally. Very little digital data were actually telemetered. The ion chamber operated normally from launch through 25 August 1959. The GM tube operated normally from launch through 6 October 1959.

Micrometeorite
A micrometeorite detector (micrometeorite momentum spectrometer), which employed piezoelectric crystal microphones as sensing elements, was used to obtain statistics on the momentum flux and the variations of flux of micrometeorites. Although pulses were detected, the experiment returned no data of scientific value.

Proportional Counter Telescope
A triple-coincidence omnidirectional proportional counter telescope was used to observe protons (with E>75 MeV) and electrons (with E>13 MeV) in the terrestrial trapped radiation region. The scientific objective of the telescopes was to determine some of the properties of high-energy radiation in interplanetary space, including the proportion of counts due to X-rays versus those due to protons and other high-energy particles. Comparison with results from the Cosmic Ray Ionization Chamber makes it possible to determine the type and energy of particles responsible for the measurement.

Each telescope consists of seven proportional counter tubes, six in a concentric ring around the seventh running parallel along their lengths. These bundles of tubes lie on their sides projecting through the top of one of the equipment boxes in the hexagonal base of Ranger 1. Three of the outer tubes are exposed to space and three project into the equipment box. Each set of three is connected electronically into a group that feeds into a pulse amplifier and pulse shaper. The central tube feeds into its own equivalent circuit.

The two telescopes were designated a "low-energy" and "high-energy" telescope, differing only in the amount of shielding and its configuration. The counters in the high-energy telescope were 3-inch long, 0.5 inch diameter brass tubes with a thickness of 0.028 inches. A lead shield of 5 grams per cm2 thickness surrounds the entire assembly. The low-energy unit has the same size tubes, but made of steel with a wall thickness of 0.508 ± 0.0025-mm. Half the assembly has 5 grams per cm2 lead shielding along the length of the tubes. The unshielded half of the assembly is the exposed portion that particles can reach without encountering spacecraft structural material, giving an angular resolution of under 180° for low-energy particles. The low-energy telescope can detect protons with energies greater than or equal to 10 MeV and electrons greater than or equal to 0.5 MeV. The high-energy telescope detects 75 MeV and above protons and 13 MeV and above electrons in triple-coincidence, and bremsstrahlung above 200 keV in the central tube.

When a particle passes through the bundle of tubes, the electronic circuit determines which groups have been penetrated. If a pulse comes from all three groups at once, a triple-coincidence, the particle was a high-energy one, rather than a low-energy one or an X-ray. The triple-coincidence events are telemetered together with the single counts from the center tube to determine counts due to high-energy versus low-energy sources. The high-energy telescope counting rate allows correction of the low-energy telescope data in order that the particle flux incident on the unshielded portion of the low-energy unit can be calculated. Comparing data from the low-energy telescope and the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Chamber (both detect particles in the same energy range) makes it possible to determine the average ionization per particle, from which the type and energy of the particle can be determined.

Several magnetic storms occurred during the active life of the experiment. The date of transmission of the last useful information was on 6 October 1959, after which the transmitter failed to operate.

Scintillation Counter
The scintillation counter experiment was designed to make direct observations of electrons in the Earth's radiation belts with a detector insensitive to bremsstrahlung. This experiment consisted of a cylindrical plastic scintillator cemented to a photomultiplier tube. The instrument viewed space through a foil-covered window in the payload shell, but the instrument also responded to more energetic particles passing through the payload shell. The minimum energies detectable were 200 keV for electrons and 2 MeV for protons. For electrons between 200 and 500 keV, the detector efficiency times the omnidirectional geometric factor was 0.0008-cm2 count per electron; whereas for electrons of energy greater than 500 keV, it was 0.16-cm2 count per electron. For very penetrating particles, the geometrical factor rose to its maximum value of 3.5-cm2. The scintillation counter was sampled continuously for analog transmission and intermittently (every 2 minutes, 15 seconds, or 1.9 seconds, depending upon the satellite bit rate) for digital transmission. The transmitter broadcasting the analog data for this experiment failed on 11 September 1959. Data were received on a limited duty cycle from the digital transmitter until early October 1959.

Search-Coil Magnetometer
This experiment was designed to survey the gross magnetic field of the Earth, to investigate the interplanetary magnetic field, and to detect evidence of any lunar magnetic field. No interplanetary or lunar magnetic fields could be measured, however, because of the spacecraft's low apogee. The instrument was similar to that flown on Pioneer 1 and consisted of a single search coil mounted so that it measured the magnetic field perpendicular to the spacecraft spin axis. The instrument had a range of 0.6 nT to 1200 nT. No inflight calibration was provided. Some degradation of the telemetry signal occurred due to ionospheric effects. Insufficient ground observations on the electron content of the ionosphere prevented correcting the data for these effects. The experiment had both digital and analog outputs. The magnetometer amplitude and phase were sampled continuously for analog transmission and intermittently (every 2 minutes, 15 seconds, or 1.9 seconds, depending on satellite bit rate) for digital transmission. The magnetometer worked until loss of the telemetry signal in early October 1959.

TV Optical Scanner
The TV optical scanner flown was an improved version of the TV system first employed on Pioneer 2. The experiment consisted of an optical unit containing a concave spherical mirror and phototransistor, a video amplifier, timing and logic circuits, and telemetry. The experiment was designed to test the feasibility of using such instrumentation to obtain low-resolution daylight cloudcover photographs. The scanner also served as a forerunner to the TV camera systems carried on later, more advanced satellites. The scanner's optical axis was directed 45° away from the spacecraft spin axis, which was parallel to the orbital plane. The vehicle's spin furnished the line scanning, and the spacecraft's forward motion along its trajectory provided the frame scanning. During a scan (one spacecraft revolution), a single scan spot (element) on Earth was viewed and transmitted back to Earth. During the next spacecraft revolution, an adjacent spot was scanned. This procedure was repeated until a line of 64 such spots was formed. Then the process was repeated to form an adjacent line of elements, and so on, until a frame, or picture, was obtained. The system could produce useful photographs only when the spacecraft's velocity and orbital position were such that successive lines overlapped. (At apogee, for example, the TV lines were separated by a distance about equal to their length, and hence no meaningful picture could be obtained). Data obtained from this experiment are limited and of extremely poor quality. Proper spacecraft orientation was never achieved, resulting in a considerable amount of blank space between successive scan lines. The scanner's logic circuits also failed to operate normally (only every fourth scan spot could be successfully reproduced), further reducing the resolution. The last useful data were obtained on 25 August 1959.

VLF Receiver (15.5 kHz)
This Very low frequency (VLF) receiver was designed to study Whistler mode propagation and ionospheric moise on 15.5 kHz signals transmitted from Annapolis, Maryland. The signals were received on a small electric antenna which was simultaneously used to transit Very high frequency (VHF) telemetry. The signal intensity on a 3-db bandwidth of 100 hz was observed along with the antenna impedance. The dynamic range of the receiver was about 80 db. This experiment operated from launch up to about 160 km before failure. With the antenna in a folded configuration for launch, the receiver recorded all data at a sensitivity reduced by about 30 db. At 67 km, the signals disappeared into the noise background. However, by special techniques, data were made usable all the way up to 160 km.

Launch
The satellite was launched on top of a Thor-Able rocket in Cape Canaveral, Florida into a highly elliptical orbit on 7 August 1959, at 14:24:20 GMT.

First image of Earth by a satellite

On 14 August 1959, Explorer 6 took the first image of Earth ever by a satellite. It was over Mexico at an altitude of approximately 27000 km. The image was a picture of the north central Pacific Ocean, transmitted to a ground station in Hawaii over a 40 minute span.

ASAT test
On 13 October 1959, an anti-satellite missile (ASAT) test of the Bold Orion missile used Explorer 6 as a target. The missile successfully passed within 6.4 km of the satellite. Launch took place within the Atlantic Missile Range Drop Zone (AMR DZ). The altitude, latitude and longitude of the drop point were 11000 m, 29° North and 79° West, respectively. Bold Orion successfully intercepted the Explorer 6 satellite, passing its target at a range of less than 3.5 km and an altitude of 252 km.

Mission
The satellite was spin-stabilized at 2.8 rotation per seconds (rps), with the direction of the spin axis having a right ascension of 217° and a declination of 23°. Four solar cell paddles mounted near its equator recharged the storage batteries while in orbit. Each experiment except the television scanner had two outputs, digital and analog. An Ultra high frequency (UHF) transmitter was used for the digital telemetry and the TV signal. Two Very high frequency (VHF) transmitters were used to transmit the analog signal. The VHF transmitters were operated continuously. The UHF transmitter was operated for only a few hours each day. Only three of the solar cell paddles fully erected, and this occurred during spin up rather than prior to spin up as planned. Consequently, initial operation of the payload power supply was 63% nominal, and this decreased with time. The decreased power caused a lower signal-to-noise ratio affecting most of the data, especially near apogee. One VHF transmitter failed on 11 September 1959, and the last contact with the payload was made on 6 October 1959, at which time the solar cell charging current had fallen below that required to maintain the satellite equipment.

The satellite's orbit decayed on 1 July 1961.

A total of 827 hours of analog and 23 hours of digital data were obtained.

title: Explorer 6


text:
User:Orthogonal/Looking for Raul

IRC log, immediately after Snowspinner's annoucment of his departure but before his opening of his Arbitration matter.

[9/27/2004 1:43 AM] -->| Snowspinner (~Snowspinn@[IP elided]) has joined #wikipedia [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  orthogona1: that's just dumb. [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] =-= Arminius is now known as Jimwhales [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] hi Snowspinner [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  porn for all [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] Cyrius: well, yeah ;) [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  heheh [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] =-= Jimwhales is now known as Arminius [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  Snowspinner: you're doing about as good a job of leaving as orthogonal is [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  back to my roach pellets [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  Arminius, they are cherry flavoured, if that helps [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] =-= YOU are now known as orthogonal [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] *NickServ* This nickname is owned by someone else [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] *NickServ* If this is your nickname, type /msg NickServ �IDENTIFY� [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  yummers [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  I'm being called [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] *NickServ* Password accepted - you are now recognized [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] =-= User mode for orthogonal is now +e [9/27/2004 1:44 AM] *MemoServ* You have no new memos [9/27/2004 1:44 AM]  summoned. [9/27/2004 1:45 AM]  what [9/27/2004 1:45 AM]  what's up? [9/27/2004 1:45 AM]  nothing [9/27/2004 1:45 AM] Raul654: lead us to your pot o' gold! '''[9/27/2004 1:45 AM]  Cyr: Was just looking for Raul. Done now.''' [9/27/2004 1:45 AM] <--| Snowspinner has left #wikipedia ("Leaving")

Note that snowspinner leaves the channel but not IRC. Presumably, having found Raul, he is now messaging Raul.

 * Snowspinner confirmed he was conversing with Raul shortly after he left the channel when I sent him a private message. He stayed on IRC, but not in any channel, for quite some time after that.  This is meant only to confirm the information here, and does not imply any stance on either side of the debate. -- Netoholic @ 18:21, 2004 Sep 27 (UTC)

title: User:Orthogonal/Looking for Raul


text:
Andrey Kivilev

Andrei Mikhailovich Kivilev (Андрей Михайлович Кивилёв, 20 September 1973 – 12 March 2003) was a professional road bicycle racer from Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan. In March 2003, he crashed during the Paris–Nice race and subsequently died of his injuries. His death was the trigger for the UCI to implement the compulsory wearing of helmets in all endorsed races.

Career
Born in Taldykorgan, Almaty Province, Kivilev began his amateur racing career in Spain, before moving to France, where he wore the EC Saint-Étienne jersey. In 1993, he had a successful Regio-Tour as part of a successful tour for the Kazakh team: Kivilev won the points competition; teammate Alexander Vinokourov won the combined competition; and the team won the team competition. He secured a professional contract with Festina in 1998 and rode with them until the end of 1999. Kivilev had a modest time at Festina, where his best results were fifth at the Championship of Zurich and seventh at the Critérium International. Despite his lack of professional victories, Kivilev attracted admirers for his riding style, and despite interest from US Postal Service, signed with Ag2r Prévoyance in 2000, before moving to Cofidis in 2001. It was at Cofidis that his career started to take off: in his first season, not only did he win the Route du Sud and stage five of the Dauphiné Libéré race, between Romans-sur-Isère and Grenoble, but also had a sensational performance in the Tour de France. Having lost over eighteen minutes on a windswept and attritional stage 4 between Huy and Verdun, Kivilev was allowed to form part of a fourteen-man breakaway on stage 8 between Colmar and Pontarlier and gained 33 minutes on the race favourites. Kivilev was an able climber, and limited his losses on the big hills. His time trialling let him down when he lost a podium place to Joseba Beloki on the final time trial. Nevertheless, Kivilev finished the tour in 4th position. In fact, with later doping scandals eliminating those ahead of him on the podium, the French newspaper Le Monde retroactively (and unofficially) named Kivilev winner of the 2001 Tour de France.

Death
On 11 March 2003, Kivilev was racing in the second stage of Paris–Nice, between La Clayette and Saint-Étienne. Approximately forty kilometres from the stage finish, as the peloton passed through Saint-Chamond, he collided with his Polish teammate Marek Rutkiewicz and German Volker Ordowski of Team Gerolsteiner. Rutkiewicz and Ordowski were not seriously hurt and finished the stage, but the helmetless Kivilev hit the ground and did not rise. He fell into a coma, initially being taken to the Saint-Chamond hospital before being transferred via air to the intensive care unit at Saint-Étienne hospital, where he was diagnosed with a serious skull fracture and two broken ribs. His condition worsened overnight, and he died of his injuries at 10 a.m. on 12 March 2003. He was survived by his wife Natalia and six-month-old son Leonardo. A few days later, his friend Alexander Vinokourov won the race.

Legacy
After Kivilev's death, the UCI made the wearing of helmets compulsory. They had previously tried to introduce this requirement in 1991, but some riders protested this at the Paris–Nice race, so the rule was not introduced. The nature of Kivilev's death, in that he was a lead rider, in one of the top French cycling teams, racing in a top stage race, coupled with advances in helmet technology, brought the debate back to the fore and conclusively so for the UCI. Whilst many riders were initially still against compulsory helmet use, the UCI ensured the rules requiring helmets to be worn at all times would be in place for the 2003 Giro d'Italia, which started just eight weeks after Kivilev's death. Dissension to the rule was initially high, but the new rules were affirmed in October 2003. Whilst at first the rule was loose and not tightly enforced, especially on mountain-top finishes, it has since been enforced more strictly and helmet-wearing is now universal and uncontroversial in the peloton of both professional as well as amateur races. It has also become common-place among recreational riders in many parts of the world.

Major results

 * 1995
 * 1st [[FIle:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Overall Tour of Turkey

 * 1998
 * 2nd Overall Vuelta Ciclista de Chile
 * 9th GP Villafranca de Ordizia
 * 10th Overall Tour Méditerranéen

 * 1999
 * 5th Züri-Metzgete
 * 7th Overall Critérium International

 * 2000
 * 2nd Tour du Haut Var
 * 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 6th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 8th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 8th Züri-Metzgete
 * 9th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré

 * 2001
 * 1st Jersey orange.svg Overall Route du Sud
 * 4th Overall Tour de France
 * 4th Grand Prix de Villers-Cotterêts
 * 5th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 1st Stage 5

 * 2002
 * 3rd Overall Route du Sud
 * 4th Overall Paris–Nice
 * 4th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 5th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 8th Overall Grand Prix du Midi Libre

 * 2003
 * 3rd Tour du Haut Var

title: Andrey Kivilev


text:
Gideon Robertson

Gideon Decker Robertson, (August 26, 1874 – August 25, 1933) was a Canadian Senator and Canadian Cabinet minister.

Robertson was a telegrapher by profession and had links with conservatives in the labour movement. In January 1917, he was appointed to the Senate as a Conservative as a means of bringing in labour representation during the First World War. When Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden formed a Unionist government in October as a means of creating a national government for the war effort, he included Robertson in the cabinet, making him minister without portfolio despite not having a seat in the House of Commons, to represent organised labour.

Winnipeg General Strike
On November 8, 1918, Robertson became Minister of Labour.

He held this portfolio in 1919 during the Winnipeg General Strike. At the beginning of the strike Robertson and Minister of Interior Arthur Meighen went to the city to meet the "Citizens' Committee of 1000" which had been formed by local businessmen and professionals in opposition to the strike. He refused to meet the Central Strike Committee to hear their demands.

Robertson ordered federal government employees to return to work or lose their jobs.

On June 17, he ordered the arrest of the twelve principal strike leaders, including J. S. Woodsworth. Robertson also supported the government's decision to send in the Royal North-West Mounted Police to crush the strike in an action that became known as "Bloody Saturday".

Robertson earned the longstanding enmity of the left and labour movement for his role in the strike. Despite his background, most of the working class did not consider him a legitimate representative of workers.

Minister of Labour under two prime ministers
Robertson retained his position as labour minister when Arthur Meighen became Prime Minister of Canada until the government's defeat in the 1921 federal election.

Robertson returned to government when R. B. Bennett's Conservatives won the 1930 election, and again became Minister of Labour, but remained unpopular with his constituents.

When visiting Winnipeg in 1932, six thousand workers met him at the railway station with the slogan: "A Faker Comes to Town." He stepped down as Labour minister in February and died in Ottawa the next year, two weeks after being paralyzed by a stroke.

title: Gideon Robertson


text:
Zhanmadao

The zhanmadao was a single-bladed anti-cavalry Chinese sword. It originated during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) and was especially common in Song China (960–1279).

General characteristics
The zhanmadao is a single-edged sabre with a long broad blade, and a long handle suitable for two-handed use. It was used as an anti-cavalry weapon, dating from Emperor Cheng of Han, made to slice through a horse's legs. This is mentioned in the Wujing Zongyao, a Song military manual from 1072. It featured prominently against the Jin armies in campaigns between 1129 and 1141.

The earliest variant of the zhanmadao is called zhanmajian, literally "horse beheading jian". The zhanmajian existed during the Han dynasty, so called because it was supposedly able to cut off a horse's head. The difference between the two is that zhanmajian is double-edged whereas the zhanmadao is single-edged, which persists with the meaning of jian and dao. Another suggestion is that the zhanmajian was an execution tool used on special occasions rather than a military weapon.

Surviving examples include a sword that might resemble a nagamaki in construction; it had a wrapped handle 37 cm long making it easy to grip with two hands with a blade that was 114 cm long and straight, with a slight curve in the last half.

Similar weapons
Possible variations of these Chinese swords were the changdao of Tang dynasty and Ming dynasty, wodao of Qing dynasty, as well as miaodao of the Republican Era.

title: Zhanmadao


text:
Love in the Time of Cholera

Love in the Time of Cholera (El amor en los tiempos del cólera) is a novel written in Spanish by Colombian Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez and published in 1985. Edith Grossman's English translation was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1988.

Plot summary
The main characters of the novel are Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza. Florentino and Fermina fall in love in their youth. A secret relationship blossoms between the two with the help of Fermina's Aunt Escolástica. They exchange love letters. But once Fermina's father, Lorenzo Daza, finds out about the two, he demands his daughter stop seeing Florentino immediately. When she refuses, he moves with her to another city where they live with relatives of his deceased wife. Regardless of the distance, Fermina and Florentino continue to communicate via telegraph. Upon her return, Fermina realizes that her relationship with Florentino was nothing but a dream since they are practically strangers; she breaks off her engagement to Florentino and returns all his letters.

A young and accomplished national hero, Dr. Juvenal Urbino, meets Fermina and begins to court her. Despite her initial dislike of Urbino, Fermina gives in to her father's persuasion and the security and wealth Urbino offers, and they wed. Urbino is a physician devoted to science, modernity, and "order and progress". He is committed to the eradication of cholera and to the promotion of public works. He is a rational man whose life is organized precisely and who greatly values his importance and reputation in society. He is a herald of progress and modernization.

Even after Fermina's engagement and marriage, Florentino swore to stay faithful and wait for her; but his promiscuity gets the better of him and he has hundreds of affairs. Even with all the women he is with, he makes sure that Fermina will never find out. Meanwhile, Fermina and Urbino grow old together, going through happy years and unhappy ones and experiencing all the reality of marriage. Urbino proves in the end not to have been an entirely faithful husband, confessing one affair to Fermina many years into their marriage. Though the novel seems to suggest that Urbino's love for Fermina was never as spiritually chaste as Florentino's was, it also complicates Florentino's devotion by cataloging his many trysts as well as a few potentially genuine loves.

As an elderly man, Urbino attempts to get his pet parrot out of his mango tree, only to fall off the ladder he was standing on and die. After the funeral Florentino proclaims his love for Fermina once again and tells her he has stayed faithful to her all these years. Hesitant at first because she is only recently widowed, and finding his advances untoward, Fermina comes to recognize Florentino's wisdom and maturity. She eventually gives him a second chance, and their love is allowed to blossom during their old age. They go on a steamship cruise up the river together.

Characters

 * Fermina Daza – Florentino Ariza's object of affection, and wife of Dr. Urbino, very beautiful and intelligent.
 * Florentino Ariza – businessman who is in love with Fermina Daza.
 * Dr. Juvenal Urbino – highly respected, wealthy doctor and husband of Fermina Daza.
 * Lorenzo Daza – Fermina Daza's father, a mule driver; he despised Florentino and forced him to stop meeting Fermina. He is revealed to have been involved in some illicit businesses to build his fortune.
 * Jeremiah de Saint-Amour – The man whose suicide is introduced as the opening to the novel; a photographer and chess-player.
 * Aunt Escolástica – The woman who attempts to aid Fermina in her early romance with Florentino by delivering their letters for them. She is ultimately sent away by Lorenzo Daza for this.
 * Tránsito Ariza – Florentino's mother.
 * Hildebranda Sánchez – Fermina's cousin.
 * Miss Barbara Lynch – The woman with whom Urbino confesses having had an affair, the only one during his long marriage.
 * Leona Cassiani – She starts out as the "personal assistant" to Uncle Leo XII at the R.C.C., the company which Florentino eventually controls. At one point, it is revealed that the two share a deep respect, possibly even love, for each other, but will never actually be together.  She has a maternal love for him as a result of his "charity" in rescuing her from the streets and giving her a job.
 * Diego Samaritano – The captain of the riverboat on which Fermina and Florentino ride at the end of the novel.
 * América Vicuña – The 14-year-old girl who toward the end of the novel is sent to live with the elderly Florentino; he is her guardian while she is in school. They have a sexual relationship, and after being rejected by Florentino and failing her exams, she kills herself. Her grooming and subsequent suicide provides a counterpoint to the novel's grand romantic themes.

Setting
The story occurs mainly in an unnamed port city somewhere near the Caribbean Sea and the Magdalena River in Colombia. While the city remains unnamed throughout the novel, descriptions and names of places suggest it is based on an amalgam of Cartagena and the nearby city of Barranquilla. The fictional city is divided into such sections as "The District of the Viceroys" and "The Arcade of the Scribes". The novel takes place approximately between 1880 and the early 1930s. The city's "steamy and sleepy streets, rat-infested sewers, old slave quarter, decaying colonial architecture, and multifarious inhabitants" are mentioned variously in the text and mingle in the lives of the characters.

Narrative as seduction
Some critics choose to consider Love in the Time of Cholera as a sentimental story about the enduring power of true love. Others criticize this opinion as being too simple.

This is manifested by Ariza's excessively romantic attitude toward life, and his gullibility in trying to retrieve the sunken treasure of a shipwreck. It is also made evident by the fact that society in the story believes that Fermina and Juvenal Urbino are perfectly happy in their marriage, while the reality of the situation is not so ideal. Critic Keith Booker compares Ariza's position to that of Humbert Humbert in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita, saying that just as Nabokov's Humbert, despite being a "pervert, a rapist, and a murderer," is able to charm the reader into sympathizing with his situation with his first-person account, Márquez's Ariza is able to garner the reader's sympathy, even though the reader is reminded repeatedly of his more sinister exploits through the charming third-person narration.

Relationship between love and passion
The term cholera as it is used in Spanish,, can also denote passion or human rage and ire in its feminine form. (The English adjective has the same meaning.) Considering this meaning, the title is a pun: cholera as the disease, and cholera as passion, which raises the central question of the book: is love helped or hindered by extreme passion? The two men can be contrasted as the extremes of passion: one having too much, one too little; the central question of which is more conducive to love and happiness becomes the specific, personal choice that Fermina faces through her life. Florentino's passionate pursuit of nearly countless women stands in contrast to Urbino's clinical discussion of male anatomy on their wedding night. Urbino's eradication of cholera in the town takes on the additional symbolic meaning of ridding Fermina's life of rage, but also the passion. It is this second meaning to the title that manifests itself in Florentino's hatred for Urbino's marriage to Fermina, as well as in the social strife and warfare that serves as a backdrop to the entire story.

Aging and death
Jeremiah Saint-Amour's death inspires Urbino to meditate on his own death, and especially on the infirmities that precede it. It is necessary for Fermina and Florentino to transcend not only the difficulties of love but also the societal opinion that love is a young person's prerogative (not to mention the physical difficulties of love when one is older).

Critical reception
The novel received critical acclaim. The literary critic Michiko Kakutani praised the book in a review for The New York Times, saying: "Instead of using myths and dreams to illuminate the imaginative life of a people as he's done so often in the past, Mr. Garcia Marquez has revealed how the extraordinary is contained in the ordinary ... The result is a rich, commodious novel, a novel whose narrative power is matched only by its generosity of vision." The writer Thomas Pynchon, also for The New York Times, argued: "This novel is also revolutionary in daring to suggest that vows of love made under a presumption of immortality – youthful idiocy, to some – may yet be honored, much later in life when we ought to know better, in the face of the undeniable. ... There is nothing I have read quite like this astonishing final chapter, symphonic, sure in its dynamics and tempo, moving like a riverboat too ... at the very best it results in works that can even return our worn souls to us, among which most certainly belongs Love in the Time of Cholera, this shining and heartbreaking novel."

Film adaptation
Stone Village Pictures bought the movie rights from the author for US$3 million, and Mike Newell was chosen to direct it, with Ronald Harwood writing the script. Filming started in Cartagena, Colombia, during September 2006.

The $50 million film, the first major foreign production filmed in the scenic walled city in twenty years, was released on November 16, 2007, by New Line Cinema. On his own initiative, García Márquez persuaded singer Shakira, who is from the nearby city of Barranquilla, to provide two songs for the film.

References in popular culture
In the 2000 film High Fidelity, the main character, Rob (played by John Cusack) owns a record store. While recounting tales of past lovers he says: "I'm not the smartest guy in the world, but I'm certainly not the dumbest. I mean, I've read books like The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Love in the Time of Cholera, and I think I've understood them. They're about girls, right? Just kidding."

At the end of Jeanine Cummins' novel American Dirt, the protagonist Lydia re-reads Amor en los tiempos del colera, first in Spanish, then again in English. The final two sentences of the novel reference the protagonist's love of the book: "No one can take this from her. This book is hers alone."

In the British sitcom Bad Education, the text is used in the after school book club Rosie Gulliver attends, and Alfie Wickers decides to join them to impress Rosie and attempts to read the book in six hours. However, he finds the book boring and gets his class to read one chapter each and bring him their versions of the summary.

In the episode "Milk" of the first season of the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother, the novel is mentioned as being the favorite of the show's protagonist, Ted Mosby. He is also shown reading the book at the Farhamptom Train Station right before he meets the titular Mother in the finale episode "Last Forever".

In "Lisa's Rival" (The Simpsons' second episode of season 6), Marge Simpson is seen reading Love in the Time of Scurvy, a clear reference to the novel.

In the Gossip Girl episode "New Haven Can Wait" (season 2, episode 6), Jordan, a Literature professor at Yale University, asks Nate what he thinks of the book. However, he has never read it and clearly does not understand the reference.

In the film Playing It Cool, Topher Grace plays the character Scott. Scott is a writer and is deeply moved by the book so much that he often leaves copies of the book in public places for others to find and read. He leaves a note in the book for the assumed reader explaining how this book changed his life. Chris Evans, the main character/narrator, finally picks up the book to read. After reading the book, the narrator applies it to his own life. He says that there are people in our lives that are so important, they dwarf everything else.

In the Chris Rock film Top Five, Rosario Dawson quotes the novel, saying, "Too much love is as bad for this as no love at all" when talking about her favorite authors.

The book was a major part of the plot of the movie Serendipity, where Sara writes her number in the book in the hope that Jon will one day find it.

Sales of Love in the Time of Cholera increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The title of the 2020 television show Love in the Time of Corona is a play on the title of the novel, replacing "cholera" with a reference to the coronavirus disease that caused the ongoing pandemic.

Multiple musical artists have recorded songs with titles inspired by the book, including Danny Elfman ("Love in the Time of Covid"), AJJ ("Love in the Time of Human Papillomavirus") and Oneohtrix Point Never ("Love in the Time of Lexapro").

In episode 4 of the 2021 Korean drama My Roommate Is a Gumiho, the male lead character Shin Woo-yeo (Jang Ki-yong) references the novel by saying, "You could be Fermina Daza in someone's eyes."

Publication details

 * 1985, Colombia, Spanish edition, Oveja Negra, 1985, hardback ISBN 958-06-0000-7 and paperback ISBN 958-06-0001-5 (first edition)
 * 1985, Argentina, Spanish edition, Editorial Sudamericana, 1985, hardback ISBN 950-07-0321-1(E) (first Argentine edition)
 * 1985, Mexico DF, Spanish edition, Editorial Diana, 1985, hardback ISBN 968-13-1547-2 (first Mexican edition: 100,000 copies)
 * 1986, The Netherlands, Meulenhoff, ISBN 978902909048-3, translated into Dutch by Mariolein Sabarte Belacortu. Title: Liefde in tijden van cholera
 * 1988, US, Alfred A. Knopf ISBN 0-394-56161-9, Published 1 January 1988, hardback (first English-language edition)
 * 1989, US, Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-011990-6, Published 7 September 1989, paperback
 * 2003, US, Vintage International ISBN 1-4000-3468-X, paperback

title: Love in the Time of Cholera


text:
Dulia

Dulia may refer to:

 * Dulia (Latin), Latin term for veneration
 * Douleia, Greek term for veneration
 * Dulia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a village

title: Dulia


text: Category:Polish archaeologists

title: Category:Polish archaeologists


text:
User talk:MAdaXe

Land rover engine
Thanks for the edits to Land Rover Defender! Great stuff! Can you tell me any more about that 2.6L 8 engine? I thought the Series used the Rover V8 engine... Not that I'm an expert though! --SFoskett 17:44, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

Oh hell, it's meant to be a 2.6L 6 engine, the v8 was 3.5L. I'll edit :) --MAdaXe 21:42, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Great! The 3.5 was the Rover/Buick V8, right?  When did that appear? --SFoskett 13:21, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yep, it was the rover/buick v8 (the aluminium one) - must say i'm not certain when it appeared, it only became really popular around when the first range rovers appeared, and it was put into stage 1 prototypes. --MAdaXe 14:42, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Land Rover Defender speedo pic
Sorry to remove the Land Rover Defender speedo pic but it looked very odd (being out of focus) in what aspires to be a quality encyclopedia. --Adrian Pingstone 19:02, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Please tag Image:Madaxes landy.jpg as GFDL. Thanks. --Nv8200p 20:41, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Image:Land rover series II speedo.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Land rover series II speedo.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —Nv8200p talk 13:13, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Clearance Panama Canal.jpg
Hi MAdaXe!

We thank you for uploading Image:Clearance Panama Canal.jpg, but there is a problem. Your image is currently missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. Unless you can help by adding a copyright tag, it may be deleted by an Administrator. If you know this information, then we urge you to add a copyright tag to the image description page. We apologize for this, but all images must confirm to policy on Wikipedia.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks so much for your cooperation. This message is from a robot. --John Bot III (talk) 18:25, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

File:Brian2.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Brian2.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 01:42, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

asmallworld
hello, I noticed that you previously engaged in commentary on asmallworld, it is currently up for deletion. If you think it should be kept or deleted please voice that opinion, as the deletion debate closes tomorrow. Thanks (Mostlyoksorta (talk) 19:08, 6 April 2014 (UTC))

title: User talk:MAdaXe


text:
Talk:Dormitory town

I've proposed a merge with 'Bedroom Community' because as far as I can tell, 'Bedroom Community vs Dormitory Town' is like 'Baghdad Bob vs Comical Ali'; same concepts, different side of the pond. --Bletch 17:45, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dormitory town


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Why I Write

Why I Write
Delete or transwiki. This is just a lengthy essay by George Orwell. Definitely non-encyclopedic. Pyrrhos 17:46, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Just an essay? Just an essay? Excuse me, but it's a classic. Right up there with "Shooting an Elephant" and "Politics and the English Language." Non-encyclopedic fer shur, copyvio almost certainly, but not "just" an essay. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:10, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Is this still under copyright? If not, transwiki to wikisource. In either case, delete.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:44, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete From a quick web search, it looks as if it was published in 1947 and, as such, is very unlikely to be public domain. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob Doe ]] 22:17, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Orwell died in 1950, so he's PD in the "plus-50" countries, but not in the "plus-70" countries. Jpgordon 23:44, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm 99% sure you're right. Most of Orwell's work is available from Project Gutenberg of Australia, but not Project Gutenberg itself. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:10, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikisource when available, but it's not yet. Pity. Andrewa 01:01, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone can show that it is actually public domain worldwide. It doesn't fit the copyvio template, which is for websites... but it should be listed as a copyright issue. Does someone know the right way to do this? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:10, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) P.S. I decided to go ahead and list it as a copyvio, citing one Web source (Project Gutenberg of Australia). [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 12:19, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)


text:
Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains

Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains (C2B3) was an experimental rock supergroup featuring bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Buckethead, keyboardist Bernie Worrell and drummer Brain.

History
Les Claypool, bassist of many bands, including Primus, collaborated with virtuoso guitarist Buckethead, funk keyboardist Bernie Worrell, and former Primus drummer Brain under the name Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains (a combination of all the band members' names), after they met at the 2002 Bonnaroo Music and Arts festival. Worrell, Brain and Buckethead were there to perform with Bill Laswell as Praxis. Laswell was not able to play at the concert, so Claypool invited them to jam with him. From this point, they developed the concept of this supergroup. Their concerts pushed the improvisational envelope by preparing no material and not rehearsing beforehand. At one of their shows they prepared sandwiches onstage for the audience members to eat.

Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains reunited in 2004 to record The Big Eyeball in the Sky, an album with equal parts instrumental and vocal songs. The band began an 18-state tour of the US on September 24, 2004. Claypool said the tour was "a traveling, oversized sock-puppet show spawned by the characters of a Tobe Hooper film and scored by Danny Elfman on bad acid." The album features only one guest, the multi-talented Gabby La La (noted as Gabby Lang on Les Claypool's Frog Brigade's Purple Onion) on vocals and sitar. She also opened on every show during the 2004 tour to mixed reviews as a solo act, sometimes with members of C2B3.

Produced and Engineered by Les Claypool, with photography by Jay Blakesberg and album packaging designed by Zoltron.

Keyboardist Bernie Worrell died at his home in Everson, Washington, on June 24, 2016.

Lineup

 * Les Claypool - vocals, bass
 * Buckethead - guitar
 * Bernie Worrell - keyboards
 * Brain - drums

Discography
Studio album
 * 2004: The Big Eyeball in the Sky

2004 Fall Tour
 * Downloads at the official site (MP3 or FLAC format)

Compilations
 * 2003: Bonnaroo, Vol. 2 - Featuring the live track "Number Two"
 * 2004: Concrete Corner: October Sampler 2004 - Featuring the track "Junior"

Videography
Features the four live tracks: "Opening Jam," "Encore Jam," "Tyranny of the Hunt," and "Scott Taylor." Features the only live performance of the song "Number Two."
 * 2005: Les Claypool - 5 Gallons of Diesel
 * 2003: Bonnaroo Music Festival 2002


text: Category:Seminole County, Florida

title: Category:Seminole County, Florida


text:
User:Srlasky

I was a scientist at the Institute for Systems Biology. I retired because of progressive neurological disease which prevented me from doing science at the level I had grown to expect. I hope to add content to subjects in which I have personal experience and knowledge.

srlasky

title: User:Srlasky


text:
G-Force (film)

G-Force is a 2009 American spy adventure-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films. Directed by Hoyt Yeatman in his directorial debut and written by Cormac and Marianne Wibberley with a story by Yeatman, who worked in the area of visual effects alongside co-founding Dream Quest Images. The film stars Zach Galifianakis, Bill Nighy, and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell, Tracy Morgan, Penélope Cruz, Jon Favreau, Nicolas Cage, and Steve Buscemi. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects. The story follows Darwin (a guinea pig) and his team of specially trained rodents who, after failing a mission, must break out of a pet shop and stop an evil billionaire from taking over the world.

G-Force was released in the United States on July 24, 2009. It grossed $292.8 million worldwide against a production budget of $150 million. It received mostly negative reviews from critics.

Plot
A special government program, training and deploying highly intelligent rodents as secret agents, is facing abolition from the FBI. To save the department, Dr. Ben Kendall, the head of the program, orders an unauthorized mission for the primary field team known as G-Force, consisting three guinea pigs named Darwin, Blaster, Juarez, respectively, a mole named Speckles, and a fly named Mooch. The mission is to infiltrate the residence of home electronics magnate Leonard Saber, and acquiring information about a new microchip he has developed. Darwin finds a classified file titled Clusterstorm on Saber's personal computer, containing plans for global extermination, and downloads it to his PDA. However, the next day during a briefing with the FBI, the file turns out to be false, which angers Ben's superior, Agent Kip Killian, who shuts down the program. He orders the animals' capture, forcing Darwin, Blaster, Juarez, and Speckles to escape and hide in a delivery truck.

The truck goes to a pet store where they are mistaken for ordinary rodents and are locked up in a cage. There, they meet Hurley, another guinea pig, Bucky, a cocky hamster, and three mice. Determined to finish their mission, each of them forms an escaping plan. Blaster and Juarez get themselves sold to a family, while Speckles pretends to be dead to get buried, but is thrown into a garbage truck instead, seemingly crushed to death. Darwin escapes with Hurley's help, who becomes convinced that Darwin is his long-lost brother due to their birthmark. While Blaster and Juarez escape their new owners, Ben and his assistant, Marcie retrieve Darwin's PDA from the FBI, and discover that it is infected with an extermination virus. Saber holds a meeting with his associates, including his prime engineer, the mysterious "Mr. Yanshu", and reports that Clusterstorm will launch in less than 48 hours.

On their way to Ben's house, Darwin and Hurley see a Saberling coffee machine and Darwin decides to investigate it. Upon trying to remove its microchip, the coffee machine turns into a violent robot, but they manage to destroy it. G-Force reunites at Ben's, but after hearing of what happened to Speckles, Ben reveals to the team that neither of them were genetically engineered as they believed to. They were rescued from various places, and Darwin himself was bought from a pet shop just like Hurley told him earlier. Despite learning their true origins, the team still has their faith in themselves. Deciding to use the infected PDA to shut down the microchips, they go to Saber's mansion in their hamster ball-shaped vehicles, during which they escape from the FBI agents sent by Killian to capture them.

At Saber's mansion, the team tries to reach the mainframe, but Hurley accidentally steps on a bomb-trap, resulting in an explosion which separates Blaster and Juarez from Darwin. Clusterstorm activates, turning all Saberling products into killing machines around the world. When an FBI field team led by Killian arrives at Saber's mansion to arrest him, he claims that he simply wanted to use the microchips for electronic communication. Darwin finds Speckles alive in Saber's basement, who reveals himself to be Mr. Yanshu, the mastermind behind Clusterstorm (Yanshu means "mole" in Chinese). He explains his plan to use the Saberling products for a bombardment of space debris to make Earth's surface uninhabitable, therefore destroying humanity as revenge for killing his family. He amalgamates the various appliances into a giant robot, which overpowers the police. Darwin falls from above, losing the PDA in the process, but Hurley saves him and uses his weight to lift Darwin up to the robot.

Darwin tries to convince Speckles to change his ways, reminding him of how Ben took them in and made them a real family. Realizing his plan will cost him that only family he has left, Speckles tries but fails to shut down the system. Mooch recovers the PDA and Darwin uploads the virus to the main server, destroying the robot, while Blaster and Juarez save them from falling. They later find Hurley under the ruins, injured and unconscious. Darwin states that Hurley's actions were truly heroic, and finally acknowledges him as his brother. Hurley regains consciousness and becomes a member of the team.

G-Force receives personal recognition from the FBI Director, who tells them that Saber had been assigned to recall all his products, while Speckles is given the duty of removing the microchips before rejoining the team. Killian is relocated to an FBI base on the South Pole as a punishment for trying to arrest G-Force. The FBI gives full support to Ben's program, with Bucky and the mice joining it, and Darwin, Blaster, Juarez, and Hurley become official FBI Special Agents.

Cast

 * Sam Rockwell as Darwin (FBI Special Agent), a snarky and no-nonsense crested guinea pig, the head of G-Force.
 * Tracy Morgan as Blaster (FBI Special Agent), a bombastic and excitable fox guinea pig, the weapons expert of G-Force. He is also Juarez's love interest.
 * Penélope Cruz as Juarez (FBI Special Agent), a Spanish-accented and tomboyish female agouti guinea pig, the muscle of G-Force. She is also Blaster's love interest.
 * Jon Favreau as Hurley (FBI Rookie), a laid-back and absent-minded Abyssinian guinea pig and Darwin's long lost brother though not really confirmed to be true.
 * Nicolas Cage as Speckles / Mr. Yanshu, the cyber intelligent star-nosed mole, the brains of G-Force with a secret agenda of his own.
 * Zach Galifianakis as Dr. Ben Kendall, a scientist and the trainer of G-Force
 * Bill Nighy as Leonard Saber, a former weapons dealer and the head of Saberling Industries
 * Will Arnett as Agent Kip Killian, the leader of the FBI task force who has to track down G-Force dead or alive
 * Kelli Garner as Marcie Hollandsworth, Ben's assistant who helps G-Force team escape from the FBI by transporting them in tubes
 * Steve Buscemi as Bucky, a territorial and aggressive golden hamster, mistakenly called a ferret, who is friends with a trio of sycophantic mice.
 * Dee Bradley Baker as Mooch, a green bottle fly and reconnaissance specialist of G-Force.
 * Hoyt Yeatman IV and Max Favreau as the trio of sycophantic mice
 * Roxana Ortega as Additional Voices
 * Tyler Patrick Jones as Connor Goodman
 * Piper Mackenzie Harris as Penny Goodman
 * Jack Conley as Special Agent David Trygstad, one of Kip Killian's FBI special agents
 * Niecy Nash as Rosalita
 * Justin Mentell as Terrell
 * Gabriel Casseus as Special Agent Carter, one of Kip Killian's FBI special agents
 * Loudon Wainwright III as Grandpa
 * Chris Ellis as the FBI Director who Kendall and G-Force answer to
 * Mini Andén as Leonard Saber's assistant

Development

On 14 October 2008, Hoyt Yeatman was set to direct G-Force. Cormac and Marianne Wibberley wrote the script for the film. Jerry Bruckheimer produced the film with the budget of $150 million for release in 2009. On 17 October, it was announced that Sam Rockwell, Tracy Morgan, Penélope Cruz, Nicolas Cage, Jon Favreau, Steve Buscemi, Zach Galifianakis, Bill Nighy, Kelli Garner, Will Arnett, Gabriel Casseus and Jack Conley joined the film. Dee Bradley Baker joined the cast on 12 November to play Mooch, a housefly. On 18 November, it was announced that Trevor Rabin would compose the music for the film. of the film was completed in Los Angeles, California. Production then moved to Santa Clarita, California for the final phases of animation and production in order to maximize tax credits offered to foreign film projects in America.

Music

Trevor Rabin scored the music for the film and its soundtrack. The soundtrack also contains "I Gotta Feeling" and "Boom Boom Pow" performed by The Black Eyed Peas, "Just Dance" performed by Lady Gaga and Colby O'Donis, "Jump" performed by Flo Rida and Nelly Furtado, "Don't Cha" performed by The Pussycat Dolls and Busta Rhymes, "Mexicano" performed by Tremander, "Ready to Rock" performed by Steve Rushton, "How Do You Sleep?" performed by Jesse McCartney and Ludacris, "Falling Down" performed by Space Cowboy and "O Fortuna" performed by London Symphony Orchestra & Richard Hickox.

Filming
G-Force was filmed at 992 S Oakland Avenue, Pasadena, California, USA, Culver Studios – 9336 W. Washington Blvd., Culver City, California, USA, Los Angeles, California, USA and Santa Clarita, California, USA in 2009.

Theatrical release
G-Force was theatrically released on July 24, 2009 in Disney Digital 3D by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films.

Home media
G-Force was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 15, 2009 by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

Box office
G-Force grossed $119,436,770 in North America and $173,381,071 internationally for a worldwide total of $292,817,841, against a budget of $150 million.

In its opening weekend, the film earned $31.7 million, ranking at No. 1, and replacing Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The film declined −44.8% on its second week behind Funny People and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
 * North America

Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 22% based on 128 reviews, with an average rating of 4.40/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "G-Force features manic action, but fails to come up with interesting characters or an inspired plot." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 41 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2.5 stars out of four and called it "a pleasant, inoffensive 3-D animated farce". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Awards

 * ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards 2010

 * Visual Effects Society Awards 2010

Video game
The video game based on the film was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows on July 21, 2009. The PS3 and Xbox 360 versions come with 3-D glasses.

Soundtrack
G-Force: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film's soundtrack album by Various artists and was released on May 1, 2009 by Walt Disney Records.

Soundtrack list

 * "I Gotta Feeling" – Performed by The Black Eyed Peas
 * "Boom Boom Pow" – Performed by The Black Eyed Peas
 * "Just Dance" – Performed by Lady Gaga and Colby O'Donis
 * "Jump" – Performed by Flo Rida and Nelly Furtado
 * "Don't Cha" – Performed by The Pussycat Dolls and Busta Rhymes
 * "Mexicano" – Performed by Tremander
 * "Ready to Rock" – Performed by Steve Rushton
 * "How Do You Sleep?" – Performed by Jesse McCartney and Ludacris
 * "Falling Down" – Performed by Space Cowboy
 * "O Fortuna" – Performed by London Symphony Orchestra & Richard Hickox

In Japan, the film has a different theme song "Dake! G-Force" by Murasaki SHIKIBU.

title: G-Force (film)


text:
WCM

WCM may stand for:

 * Warner Chappell Music, an American music publishing company and a subsidiary of the Warner Music Group
 * Wave characteristic method, a model used in fluid dynamics
 * WCM, a radio station operated by the University of Texas at Austin under that call sign from 1922 to 1925; now licensed to Houston as KTRH
 * WCMH-TV, an NBC-affiliated television station in Columbus, Ohio, United States
 * Web content management
 * West Coast Magazine, a Scottish literary publication
 * Wisden Cricket Monthly, a UK-based cricket magazine
 * Woman Candidate Master, a World Federation chess title
 * World Championship Motorsports, a Grand Prix motorcycle team
 * WCM (Wide DC electric mixed), a classification of Indian locomotives

title: WCM