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Cross-link

In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).

In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties.

When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.

Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly.

Synthetic polymers

 * [[image:DryOilSteps.svg|thumb|260px|left|Chemical reactions associated with crosslinking of [[drying oil]]s, the process that produces linoleum.]]

Crosslinking generally involves covalent bonds that join two polymer chains. The term curing refers to the crosslinking of thermosetting resins, such as unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin, and the term vulcanization is characteristically used for rubbers. When polymer chains are crosslinked, the material becomes more rigid. The mechanical properties of a polymer depend strongly on the cross-link density. Low cross-link densities increase the viscosities of polymer melts. Intermediate cross-link densities transform gummy polymers into materials that have elastomeric properties and potentially high strengths. Very high cross-link densities can cause materials to become very rigid or glassy, such as phenol-formaldehyde materials.

In one implementation, unpolymerized or partially polymerized resin is treated with a crosslinking reagent. In vulcanization, sulfur is the cross-linking agent. Its introduction changes rubber to a more rigid, durable material associated with car and bike tires. This process is often called sulfur curing. In most cases, cross-linking is irreversible, and the resulting thermosetting material will degrade or burn if heated, without melting. Chemical covalent cross-links are stable mechanically and thermally. Therefore, cross-linked products like car tires cannot be recycled easily. A class of polymers known as thermoplastic elastomers rely on physical cross-links in their microstructure to achieve stability, and are widely used in non-tire applications, such as snowmobile tracks, and catheters for medical use. They offer a much wider range of properties than conventional cross-linked elastomers because the domains that act as cross-links are reversible, so can be reformed by heat. The stabilizing domains may be non-crystalline (as in styrene-butadiene block copolymers) or crystalline as in thermoplastic copolyesters.

Alkyd enamels, the dominant type of commercial oil-based paint, cure by oxidative crosslinking after exposure to air.

Physical cross-links
In contrast to chemical cross-links, physical cross-links are formed by weaker interactions. For example, sodium alginate gels upon exposure to calcium ions, which form ionic bonds that bridge between alginate chains. Polyvinyl alcohol gels upon the addition of borax through hydrogen bonding between boric acid and the polymer's alcohol groups. Other examples of materials which form physically cross-linked gels include gelatin, collagen, agarose, and agar agar.

Measuring degree of crosslinking
Crosslinking is often measured by swelling tests. The crosslinked sample is placed into a good solvent at a specific temperature, and either the change in mass or the change in volume is measured. The more crosslinking, the less swelling is attainable. Based on the degree of swelling, the Flory Interaction Parameter (which relates the solvent interaction with the sample), and the density of the solvent, the theoretical degree of crosslinking can be calculated according to Flory's Network Theory. Two ASTM standards are commonly used to describe the degree of crosslinking in thermoplastics. In ASTM D2765, the sample is weighed, then placed in a solvent for 24 hours, weighed again while swollen, then dried and weighed a final time. The degree of swelling and the soluble portion can be calculated. In another ASTM standard, F2214, the sample is placed in an instrument that measures the height change in the sample, allowing the user to measure the volume change. The crosslink density can then be calculated.

Lignin
Lignin is a highly crosslinked polymer that comprises the main structural material of higher plants. A hydrophobic material, it is derived from precursor monolignols. Heterogeneity arises from the diversity and degree of crosslinking between these lignols.

In DNA
Intrastrand DNA crosslinks have strong effects on organisms because these lesions interfere with transcription and replication. These effects can be put to good use (addressing cancer) or they can be lethal to the host organism. The drug cisplatin functions by formation of intrastrand crosslinks in DNA. Other crosslinking agents include mustard gas, mitomycin, and psoralen.

Proteins
In proteins, crosslinks are important in generating mechanically stable structures such as hair and wool, skin, and cartilage. Disulfide bonds are common crosslinks. Isopeptide bond formation is another type of protein crosslink.

The process of applying a permanent wave to hair involves the breaking and reformation disulfide bonds. Typically a mercaptan such as ammonium thioglycolate is used for the breaking. Following this, the hair is curled and then "neutralized". The neutralizer is typically an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide, which causes new disulfide bonds to form, thus permanently fixing the hair into its new configuration.

Compromised collagen in the cornea, a condition known as keratoconus, can be treated with clinical crosslinking.

In biological context crosslinking could play a role in atherosclerosis through advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which have been implicated to induce crosslinking of collagen, which may lead to vascular stiffening.

Research
Proteins can also be cross-linked artificially using small-molecule crosslinkers. This approach has been used to elucidate protein–protein interactions. Crosslinkers bind only surface residues in relatively close proximity in the native state. Common crosslinkers include the imidoester crosslinker dimethyl suberimidate, the N-Hydroxysuccinimide-ester crosslinker BS3 and formaldehyde. Each of these crosslinkers induces nucleophilic attack of the amino group of lysine and subsequent covalent bonding via the crosslinker. The zero-length carbodiimide crosslinker EDC functions by converting carboxyls into amine-reactive isourea intermediates that bind to lysine residues or other available primary amines. SMCC or its water-soluble analog, Sulfo-SMCC, is commonly used to prepare antibody-hapten conjugates for antibody development. An in-vitro cross-linking method is PICUP (photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins). Typical reagents are ammonium persulfate (APS), an electron acceptor, the photosensitizer tris-bipyridylruthenium (II) cation ([Ru(bpy)3](2+)). In in-vivo crosslinking of protein complexes, cells are grown with photoreactive diazirine analogs to leucine and methionine, which are incorporated into proteins. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the diazirines are activated and bind to interacting proteins that are within a few ångströms of the photo-reactive amino acid analog (UV cross-linking).

title: Cross-link


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Pottery Barn

Pottery Barn is an American upscale home furnishing store chain and e-commerce company, with retail stores in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Australia. Pottery Barn is a wholly owned subsidiary of Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Pottery Barn also operates several specialty stores such as Pottery Barn Kids and Pottery Barn Teen. It has three retail catalogues: the traditional Pottery Barn catalogue; Pottery Barn Bed + Bath to focus on its bed and bath lines; and one for outdoor furniture.

Early history
The Pottery Barn was co-founded in 1949 by Paul Secon and his brother Morris in Chelsea, Manhattan. Paul discovered three barns full of pottery from the factory of Glidden Parker in Alfred, New York, who had stored extras and seconds up the road from the business. The Secon brothers built their chain up to seven stores. Paul sold his share in 1966 and Morris sold his to a pair of outside partners in 1968. The new owner expanded the chain to 13 stores before selling it to The Gap in 1984.

The company was acquired by Williams-Sonoma, Inc. in 1986. Growth continued until the Great Recession. Its mail-order catalog was first published in 1987. In 1999, the company introduced Pottery Barn Kids as a premium children's home furnishing and accessories brand. By 2000, the company had launched an e-commerce site for quick ordering process.

Pottery Barn Teen, the first home retailer to focus on teenagers, was launched in 2003. The first Pottery Barn Teen store opened in Georgia in 2009, as well as in New York City and Chicago. The store has a sub-brand Pottery Barn Dorm for young people starting college life.

Later history
In 2017, the company introduced an augmented reality app for iOS that allowed users to virtually place Pottery Barn products into a room and save room design ideas. It also announced PB Apartment, a small-space furnishings line, for millennials.

In 2018, Pottery Barn Kids partnered with John Lewis which marked the first appearance of the brand in the United Kingdom. Its shop-in-shops featured furniture and accessories for nurseries. Ireland became the first European country to hold the franchise for Pottery Barn Kids in 2019. Pottery Barn Teens partnered with Aquafil on the Spring 2020 collection "Watercolor Dots" rug, which uses regenerated nylon made from waste gathered in the ocean and other bodies of water.

Barn of Pottery

In popular culture
Pottery Barn is referenced a number of times in Friends. For instance, when Rachel buys furniture for Phoebe's apartment (which she is staying in at the time), and claims it's all authentically old furniture, rather than being from Pottery Barn.

Another example is in Seinfeld, Kramer talks with Jerry about how he is receiving too many catalogs from Pottery Barn. He saves the collected catalogs, takes them, and throws them into the store.

Sheldon Cooper references it often in The Big Bang Theory.

A Pottery Barn retail store is seen situated next to Felix Unger's Manhattan F.U. Enterprises office/studio in The Odd Couple's first season in 1970.

Pottery Barn is referenced in the Broadway musical Dear Evan Hansen, as a location where the title character works. He informs another character that he can get her and her family a discount in "overpriced home décor."

In the season 3 episode of the American family sitcom Boy Meets World titled "What I Meant to Say", Corey Matthews confesses to his girlfriend, Topanga Lawrence, that he loves her. Eric Matthews, Corey's older brother, then under social pressure, tells his girlfriend, Christie, that he loves her as well. This leads Christie to take Eric on a trip to Pottery Barn, which Eric laments. While at Pottery Barn, Eric and Christie buy a ceramic cat and napkin holders.

The brand's "Found" collection sells vintage items from around the world. The company has partnered on collections with a number of pop cultural brands such as Harry Potter, Star Wars, Frozen, Thomas & Friends, Fantastic Beasts, and Friends.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pottery Barn


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User:VMORO

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:VMORO


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of self-identified pederasts and pedophiles

List of self-identified pederasts and pedophiles
Yet another extraneous list. Important entries on this list are mentioned as part of the childlove movement and pedophilia articles. +sj + 12:32, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC) * keep, I don't like child rapists' attempts to push their pov on here, but this is okay as long as it can be verified. Dunc|☺ 17:24, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete. btw, Sj, don't forget to put a vfd tag on the page you're nominating for deletion. Lachatdelarue [[User talk:Lachatdelarue|(talk)]] 13:27, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Pedophilia has long been an important social issue, if only for the witchhunts of recent years. Similar to List_of_famous_gay%2C_lesbian_or_bisexual_people. Wyllium 14:44, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete. No question that the underlying subject is notable, the problem is whether the list page is useful. I think not (see +sj above), but maybe someone can persuade me that there might be a reason for maintaining a list of self-identified pederasts. — Bill 16:40, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Their taking responsibilty for their behaviour is a good thing! Fire Star 17:14, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Change to support Dpbsmith's position below. Dunc|☺ 12:32, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Lists are only rarely encyclopedic. This one isn't. --Improv 17:45, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mixed feelings about this one, but I think this will open a can of worms about how we define the terms involved. Gamaliel 20:14, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are lots of lists in the Wikipedia, it seems to be an okay thing. - Lifefeed 20:31, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: This is bizarre, and there is no connection or analogy between pedophilia, pederasty (which is rape, after all), and homosexuality. Pretty shocking simile.  Furthermore, what use is it to have a list of pedophiles?  What is the context?  How is this serving information?  Delete for being non-encyclopedic, unsearchable, unverifiable, and unuseful. Geogre 21:26, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, for legal purposes, In many (most?) juristictions, promotion of pedophilia is a prosecutable crime, this list does nothing more than promote pederasts and pedophiles. Frankly, some of the other associated pages are close to the borderline.  This one is way over. It is verifiable, actually, as long as the criteria is either a judicial conviction or a statement admitting it. -Vina 22:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep if verifiable, and the entries have at least a small notability. Although I like no more than the next guy, I have to stick to my guns. — siro  χ  o  22:44, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * delete agree that lists are rarely encyclopedic and this one is not at all. Get-back-world-respect 23:31, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think that all lists should be turned into categories instead. However, if that's not possible, keep as it's no better or worse than any other list on here. Shane King 23:59, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless: a) contributors to the article are willing to form a committee devoted to providing a specific print-media reference for each item (book or magazine with specific page reference) and the actual quotation, in which the person "self-identifies" in that person's own preferred language and terminology, and b) a second committee of neutral third parties people is willing to take on the work of verifing each one. The material should be kept out of the main namespace until this work is completed and, even outside the main namespace, should have a conspicuous banner explaining that it is work in progress and that the material in it has not been verified. In the final article, each person listed should be accompanied by that "self-identifying" quotation and the verified citation. Oh, and protect the page after the work is complete. Yep, it's a high bar, but it's what I think is appropriate. This is one case where we have to give more than lip-service to verification: we have to be sure everything in the article is actually verified. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:05, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: This list is quite useful. --Zanthalon, 00:34, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If it's useful, I hesitate to ask what you're using it for. --Improv 15:10, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I find Dpbsmith's position convincing. Change my vote to delete. Fire Star 03:38, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This list is non-verifiable. Mandel 08:43, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-verifiable, and as with all similar lists, inevitably outdated the second the original editor loses interest. Jayjg 16:38, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: troll/vandal magnet, perpetually out of date, not worth the tremendous maintenance effort it would demand. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:09, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see the usefulness. JamesMLane 05:03, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - this is asking for trouble in that it is potentially libellous and would open up the possibility of people nominating people they dislike to the list. Capitalistroadster 05:30, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete I simply do not see the point of this page, and though that in itself should not be grounds for deletion, in this case the subject matter is potentially very controversial. While I would agree with Dpbsmith's proposal, I feel it's unworkable. cevonia 12:41, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Ta bu shi da yu 06:45, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Katherine D. Ortega

Katherine Dávalos Ortega (born July 16, 1934) is a former politician who was the 38th Treasurer of the United States. She served from September 26, 1983 to July 1, 1989 under Presidents Ronald Reagan and then George H. W. Bush. Ortega also has the distinction of being the first female bank president in the state of California.

Early life
Ortega was born in Tularosa, New Mexico to Donaciano Ortega and Catarina Dávalos. She was one of nine children. Her family had originally come to New Mexico when the area still comprised a territory. Ortega's paternal grandfather arrived from Texas in the 1880s while on her mother's side, her great-grandfather Luciano had been one of the original settlers of Tularosa in 1862.

Ortega's father, a former Justice of the Peace in nearby Bent, opened a blacksmith shop in Tularosa in 1928. By the 1940s, he owned a small restaurant with a dance hall attached in which the entire family worked. Ortega began to work in the restaurant at age 10, operating the cash register. Originally, Ortega grew up speaking only Spanish. She later learned English when she entered the local elementary school.

As a teenager, Ortega worked as a teller at Otero County State Bank in order to earn enough money for college. She attended Eastern New Mexico University and graduated with honors in 1957 with a bachelor's degree in Business and Economics. Initially wanting to become a teacher, Ortega was dismayed by repeated instances of discrimination and, instead, opened a small accounting firm in Alamogordo with one of her sisters, a certified public accountant. The family had already relocated to that town when her father moved the growing restaurant business there in the 1940s and opened a furniture store.

Banking career
In 1968, Ortega moved to Los Angeles where she became a CPA and joined the firm of Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Company as a tax supervisor. She also worked as a cashier at Pan American National Bank, a financial institution founded in 1963 by Romana Acosta Bañuelos. Ortega became vice president of the bank in 1971 the same year that Bañuelos was sworn-in as U.S. Treasurer. Finally, in 1975, Ortega became president of Santa Ana State Bank, the first woman chief executive of a bank in the state.

Ortega returned to New Mexico in 1977 in order to help run the family accounting firm. Under her stewardship, the company grew into the Otero Savings and Loan Association and, by 1983, had assets of $20 million. During this time, Ortega garnered numerous academic and business accolades for her efforts.

Political appointments
Ortega was involved in Republican Party politics from an early age. "I was born a Republican," she has been quoted on several occasions. She often credited her father, a lifelong Republican, with her decision to join the Party.

Ortega worked for Republicans at local and state levels initially as a type of low-key liaison to women and Hispanic groups in New Mexico. After her return to her home state, she became involved in the 1978 re-election campaign of Sen. Pete Domenici. In time, the senator became something of a political benefactor.

In April 1982, Ortega was named to a 10-person Presidential Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership by President Ronald Reagan. In December, she was appointed one of five members and chair of the Copyright Royal Commission, a federal agency established in 1976 to set royalty fees for the cable television and music entertainment industries. In 1983, Sen. Domenici, by that time chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, put forth Ortega's name for the post of U.S. Treasurer. She was officially nominated by President Reagan on September 12 of that year.

U.S. Treasurer
Ortega was sworn in on October 3, 1983 (however, she is listed by the Treasury Department as having begun her term on September 26). She was the tenth consecutive woman and the second-ever Hispanic to hold the office. At her swearing-in ceremony, three previous U.S. Treasurers attended: Francine Irving Neff, Bañuelos, and her immediate predecessor, Bay Buchanan.

While Treasurer, Ortega oversaw a $220 million budget, raised $40 million toward the restoration of the Statue of Liberty, and helped to design a new currency to aid in preventing counterfeiting. She also spearheaded the effort to have the West Point Bullion Depository designated as an official United States Mint.

Although soft-spoken in personal conversation, Ortega became known for her rhetorical speaking skills in public. "Her low-key authenticity works magic with an audience," one Treasury Department official is quoted as saying. In 1984, she was chosen to be the keynote speaker at that year's Republican National Convention- the first Hispanic woman to deliver the lead speech at a national convention. This was done in part to counter the selection of prominent New York governor Mario Cuomo at the Democratic National Convention.

As the highest-ranking Hispanic (until the appointment of Lauro Cavazos as Secretary of Education in 1988) and one of only a few high-profile women in the Administration combined with the largely ceremonial nature of the Treasurer's office, Ortega was one of the key personnel utilized by the White House in outreach to both the Hispanic community and women's organizations. In 1984 alone, she logged almost 60,000 miles in appearances before Republican and Hispanic groups.

In 1986, Ortega conducted a study that rejected the idea of changing the colors of $50 and $100 denomination bills in order to frustrate counterfeiters and drug lords with large amounts of such type of cash. This idea would later be partially incorporated into U.S. currency during subsequent administrations.

After Reagan left office, Ortega was retained by the George H. W. Bush administration and reappointed to her post on January 20, 1989. She retired from the office in July and returned to her family firm in New Mexico.

Post-Treasurer years
While Ortega returned to the private sector and business activities, she still maintained a low profile in political circles. In 1990, she was appointed by President Bush to serve as an Alternate Representative to the United Nations General Assembly for the duration of his administration. She also worked in an advisory capacity for the National Park Service and the non-profit organization, Executive Women in Government.

Ortega served on the Boards of a number of large corporations: Ralston-Purina, Rayonier, Ultramar Diamond Shamrock, and, since 1992, Kroger. She has also continued her efforts on behalf of women in business while working at Catalyst, a business and research advisory firm. Ortega has received honorary degrees from Kean University, Villanova University, and her alma mater, Eastern New Mexico.

Sicpa investigation
Ortega's years as Treasurer came partially under scrutiny in 1992 when Sen. John Glenn, then chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, investigated irregularities in the competitive bidding process used by the Treasury Department. Sen. Glenn's committee questioned the relationship between Robert J. Leuver, then director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and Maurice Amon, president of Sicpa Industries of America – the sole provider of the ink used for U.S. currency since 1982. In particular, Sen. Glenn was concerned over gifts and other gratuities received by Leuver from Amon's company. One focus of the investigation was a business trip taken to the Far East by several government and business officials, including Ortega, Leuver, and Amon, in 1985. Ortega was not implicated in any wrongdoing and Leuver was also exonerated from any impropriety during the course of the investigation. The Department of Justice declined to investigate the matter due to insufficient evidence supporting the claims.

In 2002, Ortega's achievements from humble beginnings were recognized by the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans when she received the organization's Horatio Alger Award.

Family life
Ortega has cited her family upbringing as her chief inspiration in life:

"I am the product of a heritage that teaches strong family devotion, a commitment to earning a livelihood by hard work, patience, determination and preseverance [sic]."

She has often singled out her father in particular, saying that "[he] taught me we were as good as anybody else, that we could accomplish anything we wanted ..."

Ortega was married briefly when she returned to New Mexico in the late 1970s. In interviews, she has declined to elaborate on that part of her life, insisting only that she be referred to as "Mrs. Ortega". In 1989, she married Lloyd J. Derrickson, a former general counsel with Merrill Lynch and currently a board member with World Cell, a wireless communications consulting firm. She has no children.

title: Katherine D. Ortega


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File:Disneystore front.jpg

Front of the Disney Store at the Toronto Eaton's Centre

Photograph by Zanimum.

title: File:Disneystore front.jpg


text:
Talk:Cowes Week

Aberdeen Asset Management
edited so that the article reflects title, and instead wrote a short sentence about their sponsorship in the description. Previously, it was an example of blatant promotion, and was confusing given all the pictures gave the name of the previous sponsor.193.82.52.4 (talk) 13:35, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

Removal of sentence
I removed this sentence
 * Therefore, in the view of many, Cowes Week now carries a much broader appeal than that of many other social calendar events.

as it didn't seem to add anything and was tending towards the POV. Naturenet 12:35, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

List of keelboats template
Is this template relevant to this article? It's not really to do with Cowes Week but more general. I'm considering removing it. Naturenet 09:18, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * The idea was that a keen sailing enthusiast who was interested in some of the types of yacht that compete in Cowes Week can 'click' on the appropriate yacht class and get specific details and also link further into sailing related articles. I would like to see it remain because it considerably widens the area of interest in Cowes Week related topics and certainly does not detract from the appeal of the article. Are you in agreement??. Boatman 09:43, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Well, no, not really, although I think it's a very good template, and links to some useful information. Let me explain why I disagree still. The way I see it is that there is plenty of opportunity for someone who wants to know about a certain class of boat in general to use Wikipedia, and indeed other links (mainly the categories, which are very comprehensive) on the Cowes Week page, to find it. That would indeed widen the area of interest, but it would widen it beyond Cowes Week, which is the article subject. The template is nothing in particular to do with Cowes Week - in fact, several of the boat types in the template don't race there and probably never will. A category or list of all boat types which have ever raced at Cowes Week would be useful and relevant; but if you included in this article a template for every class of vessel which might possibly race at Cowes, you can see how the article would become unmanageable, and nothing to do with its subject. So it's not because I don't think it's good information, or worth linking to, that I disagree. It's because I don't think the template is actually relevant to Cowes Week and that the information can already be accessed by other means.Naturenet 17:40, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I have removed the list. Overall the article does suffer from a severe lack of facts for an entry in an encyclopedia!  Agreed that my contribution was not great but how about including an external web address.  Boatman 19:05, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for being accommodating. External links would be very good - any suggestions? I'd love to see you fill out some of the missing facts - I'm guessing from your handle that you might know some of them? Naturenet 20:57, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) Hi I added the external link destinationcowes.com which nature net proposes deleting. This is a non for profit site and list many local resources such as emergency rigging/sail repairs all of which are vital to Cowes week racers. It also features an extensive list of crew registers again pretty relevant to Cowes week. The Official Skandia Cowes Week site only features their points of view on it's forums. e.g. If you post a comment that doesn't fit in with their image e.g. beer prices being expensive it's deleted. Destination Cowes tells gives you the lowdown on Cowes. Hopefully anyone else who lives there will support this posting and the sites 'non-deletion'.
 * Thanks for the invitation. I will see what I can come up with but not rightway as I am working on some other articles ref boat/sailing (... surprise, surprise!!).  Thanks again. Boatman 21:44, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image
Image is terrible. I'm going to remove it until a new one can be found. Isopropyl 02:30, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Image also appears to be a copyvio. I'll look into it. Isopropyl 02:32, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Childs cup
This looks like just a vanity item, but rather than remove it, perhaps could someone please add some of the other more famous prizes and trophies? Jezza 11:08, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Oldest regatta?
DenverG 12:52, 20 February 2007 (UTC) I see on this page that Cowes week is claimed to be the oldest running regatta in the world. The Gravesend regatta has been running since tudor times and the first definitive recorded date is 1698 which pre-dates cowes by 152 years. I cannot guarantee the authenticity of this, but the page at http://town.regatta.users.btopenworld.com/History.html mentions the history if the event which could possibly be confirmed by someone else.
 * The date given in your link refers to organised rowing matches, but there does seem to have ben a town regatta at gravesend as far back as the eighteenth century. It's history seems nevertheless checkered with a schism follwed by the revial of a unified regatta in the 1920s.  Cowes week is doubtlessly the longest uninterupted regular regatta, perhaps this needs to be clearer. Dainamo 11:39, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Reference
Reference for Skandia's 14-year sponsorship of Cowes Week (1995 to 2009): BBC News - Skandia pulls out of Cowes Week. -Stelio (talk) 15:54, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

Contested deletion Category talk:Yachting races
You should know about this and comment. One of our editors has systematically depopulated it (perhaps from this article among many others), and thinks that is a good reason to delete it. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 19:10, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

Contested deletion Category talk:Yachting races
You should know about this and comment. One of our editors has systematically depopulated it (perhaps from this article among many others), and thinks that is a good reason to delete it. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 19:10, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Disney Store

The Disney Store is a chain of specialty stores created on March 28, 1987 and sells only Disney related items, many of them exclusive, under its own name and Disney Outlet. It was a business unit of Disney Consumer Products with the Disney Experiences segment of The Walt Disney Company conglomerate.

Disney Store was the first "retail-tainment", or entertainment store. The company had operated a number of store chains beyond its flagship Disney Store chain such as ESPN-The Store and the short-lived Mickey's Kitchen restaurant. Currently, the company operates the stand-alone stores, Disney Baby, Walt Disney Gallery and Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store. Disney Store was a partner for Disney at Harrods, which included a Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique salon.

North America stores were owned and operated by The Children's Place's subsidiary Hoop Holdings from 2004 to 2008. The Oriental Land Company's subsidiary Retail Networks Co., Ltd. owned and operated the Japanese stores from 2002 to 2010. Since 2012, Disney departments exist in JCPenney in about 520 JCPenney locations. In India, two licensed chains, Disney Jeans and Disney Artist, are owned and operated by Indus Clothing and Ravi Jaipuria Corporation respectively. At the 2019 D23 Expo, it was announced that Disney departments were opening at Target stores across the United States starting in October prior to the release of Frozen II. Disney Store items are also being sold on Target.com in addition to the Disney Store website (previously known as "shopDisney" from 2017 to 2024).

Disney's Character Warehouse Outlet Store was licensed out to liquidator Asset Management & Sales LLC to sell overstock and discontinued Disney Parks merchandise. The Character Warehouses just have a few permanent locations while having temporary stores at times. Asset Management & Sales is owned by Janie and Gary Stump.

History
The first Disney Store opened in the Glendale Galleria in Glendale, California, on March 28, 1987.

The first Disney Store outside California opened in Bridgewater Commons in Bridgewater, New Jersey, on June 18, 1988.

The first overseas Disney Store opened in November 1990 in London, England.

Doug Murphy was hired by Disney Store as manager of new business development in September 1991, then promoted to head business development in April 1993. The first Japanese location opened in 1992 as did the first Australian store. In 1992, Disney Dollars were available at Disney Stores.

A showcase 11,000 square feet location was opened in the third quarter 1994 at the Post and Powell corner of San Francisco's Union Square. On October 24, 1994, its Disney Store (Hong Kong) Ltd. opened its first location in a New Territories shopping center. In 1996, Disney Store opened its flagship location in New York City. A Disney Store location opened next to the El Capitan Theatre in its building in 1998.

The first Walt Disney Gallery opened outside of the park next to the Disney Store at Main Place Santa Ana in California on November 4, 1994 and was operated by Disney Store. Doug Murphy was appointed vice president of the Walt Disney Gallery for Disney Store in December 1994. In 2000, its store in Munich was closed. In September 2000, Disney Store remodeled two stores, showing off prototype designs in Costa Mesa and Cherry Hill, N.J. These stores had more space and a high-tech look where theme park tickets could be bought via computer stations. When Disney indicated that this new model would be rolled out to 350 stores, they also indicated the closure of 100 locations worldwide. Analysts had indicated that Disney had overbuilt stores. By April 2001, 20 stores were redone in the high tech style when a new president, Peter Whitford, was hired.

In late 2002, two new prototypes were rolled out in Canoga Park and Torrance. In March 2002, Disney Stores Worldwide announced that the chain would be split into two types of stores, Disney Play and Disney Kids at Home. They also continued closing stores to reach 350 by 2005. The Disney Play stores would stock Disney character toys, plush dolls and costumes aimed at young children, while Disney Kids at Home targeted parents looking to purchase home furnishings, clothing and bed & bath products for their children. Some were expected to be a hybrid of both concepts. This roll out of the two store brands was expected to take 3 years. On March 31, 2003, its 16 Australian locations closed.

With lackluster films, high-priced and high-margin items, sales dropped while continuing to overly open stores. The company closed hundreds of stores in order to make a slim profit. Whitford left in 2003.

Licensed out North American and Japanese operations
Even though the Disney Stores maintained strong sales, mounting costs of sales and operation, and the loss of key executives who had driven the Disney Stores to success led The Walt Disney Company to convert the Disney Stores into a licensed operation. The Japanese stores were sold to The Oriental Land Company in 2002, while most North American stores were sold and licensed in November 2004 to The Children's Place.

The Walt Disney Company decided to keep the stores in Europe, along with the flagship store in Manhattan, which was converted into a World of Disney store run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in 2004, while The Children's Place got the Chicago flagship location. On June 2, 2005, the Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store opened up in the El Capitan Building on the ground floor replacing a Disney Store.

Disney sold the chain for the cost of inventory to the Children's Place's subsidiary Hoop Holdings and signed a 15-year licensing agreement. Under the licensing agreement, a "royalty holiday" period existed until October 2006 to allow revamping of the stores. The royalty thereafter was 5% of store sales while online sales give Disney a 9% to 10% royalty. Hoop Holdings had to write off the cost ($48 million) of the equipment and property received in the purchase. On the weekend of March 24, 2005, Hoop Holdings opened its first Disney Store Outlet location.

The Children's Place intended to reinvigorate the Disney Store brand in the United States by expanding the number of stores, reducing initial selling prices. Previously, Disney Stores have been well known for inflated initial prices, which would be marked down substantially after just a few weeks. Also, The Children's Place opened Disney outlet stores, which have lower operating costs and typically have a high profit margin even though they have reduced prices versus mall stores. However, Disney's strict licensing agreement, which included the burden of being required to invest significantly in store remodels, contributed to the eventual decision by The Children's Place to exit the business.

Hoops saw progress with its strategy as open stores in 2006 for 11 month saw 15% increase in sales assisted by a better Disney box office results, and the success of the Disney Channel's hit made-for-TV movie High School Musical. A store website would be up and running in April 2007. Hoops Retail Stores, DBA Disney Store and a subsidiary of The Children's Place, commenced a 13-year lease of the Royal Laundry Complex in 2006.

On June 8, 2007, Disney Consumer Products and The Children's Place settled a licensing agreement dispute, in which Disney indicated 130 unfixed breaches. The Children's Place agreed to have a new prototype store design approved by Disney by the end of June with the prototype to rolled out to 234 existing stores by January 31, 2012, while 18 new prototype store would be opened by early 2009. At the Chicago flagship and about 165 other locations, Hoops would get maintenance up to date by June 30, 2008. Restrictions on Disney to give direct merchandising licenses to other specialty retailers was loosened.

In 2005, DCP has begun working with various Indian retail outlets to establish Disney Corners within the outlets to sell licensed merchandise. On 26 September 2006, the Disney Jeans brand was launched under license to Indus Clothing, who planned to open 30 Disney Jean stores by the end of 2007. In October 2006, DCP licensed the rights to Ravi Jaipuria Corporation for five years to set up 150 Disney Artist brand stores and wholesales under the Disney Artist brand, which sold Disney character-branded greeting cards, stationary, arts, crafts and party products in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Maldives.

Reunited operations
Hoop Retail, The Children's Place subsidiary operating the Disney Stores, announced on March 20, 2008, that they were in talks to sell the Disney Store brand back to The Walt Disney Company. Hoop Retail filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March. On May 1, 2008, 231 Disney Stores in North America once again became the property of Disney, operating under the Disney Consumer Products arm. James Fielding was named president of Disney Stores Worldwide. In Europe at the time, the chain had 107 locations. The San Francisco showcase location was closed in 2008.

Furthermore, Disney announced in November 2009 that they were planning a massive "re-launching" and re-branding of all Disney Store locations, spearheaded by Apple's Steve Jobs, who pioneered the Apple Retail Store concept. The new store look and feel was designed by New York-based design firm Pompei A.D. and was referred to as 'Imagination Parks', which was under consideration as a new name for the stores. This model was to be high tech and have several interactive activities. $1 million was the expected outlay for converting to this concept. The first of these stores were opened in May 2010 in Long Island, Madrid and Southern California. 40 more of this format were to open in 2011.

With the shuttering of the Disney Parks and Resorts-run World of Disney store in Fifth Avenue New York City in January 2010, a Disney Store replaced it on Broadway and became the flagship store. It opened late in the year capping off a 20-store opening.

The Oriental Land Company announced that it would sell its Japanese Disney Stores back to The Walt Disney Company. Disney took over Retail Networks Co., Ltd., an Oriental Land Company subsidiary owning the Disney Stores in Japan, beginning on March 31, 2010. Ireland's first store opened on May 18, 2011.

With president Fielding leaving, he was replaced by Molly Adams and Paul Gainer as executive vice presidents in charge of the global retail operation from their Disney Store senior vice president positions in May 2012. On September 6, 2012, the first flagship Disney Baby Store opened in Glendale, California. Regular stores were expected to add a Disney Baby section. In November 2013, Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store replaced DeWar with Ghirardelli Chocolate Company operating the soda fountain half of the shop.

In January 2012, Disney Stores indicated that the company would open 25 to 40 locations in China over the next three years, with the first store originally scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2012. On October 25, 2013, Disney announced that the first Disney Store in Shanghai, China would open in 2015. On May 20, 2015, this Chinese flagship Disney Store opened.

On September 21, 2012, Disney announced a partnership with JCPenney (JCP) to open a Disney department with 750-to-1,100 square feet in about 520 Penney locations. JCP's online version opened on September 6 and the store within a store locations opened on October 4. With the success of these Disney shops and its exclusive merchandise in 2014, Penney added 44 additional stores and add 116 more in 2015 for a total of 620. The JCP locations were also promoting the Disney live action Cinderella film. This actually marked the second time Disney and JCP had team up on promoting a movie, while the first was with the animated movie.

A NY Attorney General inquiry into On-call scheduling in 2016 led Disney Stores to indicate in December that the retailer had dropped the practice early in the year. In the UK, Disney Stores Europe opened nine Pop-up shops in October 2016 for the Christmas season.

Disney Stores reopened in Germany on November 9, 2017, with a single store on Neuhauser Straße in Munich where Disney Germany is headquartered. The store was permanently closed in June 2020. As a promotion for its sleep shop launch in August 2018, Disney Store operated, during the month, a bedtime hotline where Mickey Mouse and friends share a short bedtime message. In mid-November 2018, the Disney Stores USA headquarters moved out of the Royal Laundry Complex in Pasadena to Grand Central Creative Campus, Glendale, California.

With the announced closing of the only store in West Virginia in the Huntington Mall on May 26, 2019, family rallied at the store in an organized "cash-mob" event to save the store. However, The Herald-Dispatch reported that the mall rent was not the issue, but that the chain was systematically closing its stores.

At the D23 Expo in August 2019, Disney announced that it would be partnering with Target to open 25 "shop-within-shops" inside of Targets on October 4.

Closure
In early March 2021, Disney announced that it would close at least 155 Disney Store locations in North America (USA and Canada) and focus more on its e-commerce operations. On May 5, 2021, Disney announced that it would close all the Disney Store locations in Europe (with the exception of a handful of stores such as the flagship store at Disney Village in Disneyland Paris). On June 18, it was announced that the original Glendale Galleria location would close on July 14, 2021 (among other 16 stores). On July 23, it was announced that most Canadian stores (with the exception of Toronto Eaton Centre, Vaughan Mills, and Scarborough Town Center) would be closing on or before August 18, 2021. The final 1990s "pink and green" location at Chicago Ridge Mall in Chicago Ridge, Illinois was also announced to be part of these closures. On August 23, it was announced that 59 stores would close on or before September 15, leaving only twenty-two stores remaining in the United States. It was also announced that the last three Canadian stores would close as well. On December 24, it was announced that the Disney Store located in Bellevue, Washington would close on January 19, 2022.

Lawsuit
In July 2021, UBS Realty sued Disney for back rent at The Shops at Montebello location in Montebello, California, in the amount of $275,000.

Locations
Disney Stores are located in malls and commercial areas in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Australia and Japan. A small number of stores were opened in Hong Kong however, the Australian stores were closed in 2003, and the only Disney Store in Hong Kong at this time is located in the Hong Kong International Airport, which was renamed The Magic of Hong Kong Disneyland and managed by Hong Kong International Theme Parks. Disney also operated approximately 15 smaller-scale locations in airports throughout the United States, which were all shuttered in the early 2000s.

Disney Store came back to Germany with a flagship store in Munich in November 2017.

In the United States, Canada, and Europe, Disney Stores are owned by The Walt Disney Company. However, Japanese Disney Stores were owned and operated by The Oriental Land Company, the company that owns and operates the Tokyo Disney Resort, but have now been bought back by The Walt Disney Company. From November 21, 2004, until May 1, 2008, Disney Stores in the United States and Canada were owned and operated by Hoop Retail Stores, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Children's Place, LLC. Oriental Land operates Disney Stores under a long-term license agreement with The Walt Disney Company, as did The Children's Place. In the United Kingdom and Europe, Disney operates approximately 30 locations. As of early 2021, Disney maintained about 300 Disney Stores worldwide.

Features
In 2010, Disney started rolling out a themed retail business model and redesign led by Steve Jobs for its stores dubbed Imagination Parks. At the overhauled stores, shopping is more interactive with a large castle that has a mirror in which Disney princesses appear, and projectors have the leaves in the trees changing to Disney characters. The store's perimeter is a lined skyline with local landmarks and added Disney themes for the appearance, and the store is the center of "this big, magical world." Inside there is a pixie dust trail leading throughout the store. Many revamped stores get localized products and design touches. For example, Las Vegas has 35 items including showgirl Minnie and Elvis costumed Stitch.

Also, a daily opening ceremony takes place with music. A Cast Member selects a child to unlock the store by placing a giant key into a giant padlock. This triggers Tinker Bell flying about inside as the darkened store's interior gradually increases its lighting as projected pseudo fireworks are set off.

China flagship
The flagship first Disney Store in China is in Lujiazui area of the Pudong financial district, Shanghai with 54,000 square feet, the largest Disney Store anywhere. A 19-feet-high Magic Kingdom castle is in the middle of the store and has a projected musical show that is shown on the hour. Also, the location has an outdoor plaza with a Mickey Mouse flowerbed. The location has a Marvel area with statues of Iron Man, Thor, an 8-foot-tall Hulk and other heroes. Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Goofy, Daisy and Donald Duck are in a hot-air balloons. Its roof is an illuminated Mickey Mouse shape.

On Wednesday 20 May 2015 at 1:14 p.m., this store opened. Customers were waiting 3 hours before hand. An hour after opening, the store closed to additional customers.

Chicago flagship
A flagship Disney Store was built in Chicago on the Magnificent Mile at 717 N. Michigan Avenue with 7,000 square feet at ground floor, twice a standard store's footprint, with Saks Fifth Avenue men's store taking the remainder of the ground floor plus the second and third floor. This flagship store replaced the original location at Water Tower Place, and joined two Disney Regional Entertainment chain locations, DisneyQuest and ESPN Zone nearby in the North Bridge development. The store opened on July 26, 1999, and an official dedication occurred on August 5, 1999, with Chicago native and DCP president Anne Osberg, along with a live special appearance from Mickey Mouse. An exclusive $13 1/2$-inch "Blues Mickey" plush toy which had an "unprecedented one-store, one-day limited edition Mini Bean Bag Plush" was also available for the dedication. Children's Place got the Chicago flagship location when the company's subsidiary operated the chain. (2004–2008) A smaller store later opened on 108 North State Street in 2010, but then closed in March 2021. The Michigan Avenue store would also close on September 4, 2021.

New York City flagship

On May 22, 1996, an original flagship Disney Store opened in New York City at a corner of 55th Street and Fifth Avenue in the former La Côte Basque restaurant location. With the sale of the US location, the store in Manhattan was kept and converted into a World of Disney store run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in 2004. With the shuttering of the Disney Parks and Resorts-run World of Disney store in Fifth Avenue New York City in January 2010 due to high rent, the Disney Store was moved to 1540 Broadway in Times Square in the former Virgin Megastore and became the flagship store when it opened in November 2010, capping off a 20 store opening year. Its localized design features include Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade inspired oversized Mickey and Minnie balloons floating above and Broadway is recognized with Disney-themed playbills.

Baby Store
The Disney Baby Store in Americana at Brand, Glendale, California, is the only flagship store of its brand. The store is used as a testing grounds for Disney Baby line of products.

With a recent focus on baby products by Disney Consumer Products, Glendale was chosen as the location of a corresponding store given it was near to Disney Consumer Products and Disney Store headquarters. In early June 2011, Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney announced that Disney Stores would open two Disney Baby Stores, one on each coast while indicating Glendale had already been chosen. Disney Consumer Products had reached out to new mothers and new born through Our365 company by giving a Disney Cuddly Bodysuit as a part of the hospital sample goods. This is a part of a larger push across the Walt Disney Company as Disney Junior block launched a new series in 2011, while the 24-hour Disney Junior cable channel launched in 2012.

On September 6, 2012, the first flagship Disney Baby Store opened in Americana at Brand, Glendale, California with an Operation Shower military mom baby shower on a Wednesday and a Grand Opening on Saturday. Disney Consumer Products President Bob Chapek and Alison Sweeney and Winnie the Pooh and friends were there for the opening, plus musical act Blue Sky Riders. The first store manager was Kim Chapman. On July 23, 2021, it was announced the store would close permanently.

Studio Store
Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store, also Disney Studio Store Hollywood, is a co-located store consisting of Disney Studio Store and Ghirardelli Soda Fountain in the El Capitan Theatre building.

A Disney Store location opened next to the El Capitan Theatre in its building in 1998. On June 2, 2005, Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store opened up in the El Capitan Building on the ground floor replacing a Disney Store. The store has a take-out counter, a street-front cone window, and in-store table service.

Character Warehouse Outlet Store
Disney's Character Warehouse Outlet Store was licensed out to liquidator Asset Management & Sales LLC to sell overstock and discontinued Disney Parks merchandise. The Character Warehouses just have a few permanent locations (Fullerton and Pomona, California, and Las Vegas) while having temporary stores at times. Asset Management & Sales was owned by Janie and Gary Stump. In early 2007, the company opened a year-round store in Midvale, Utah. This store was forced to temporarily move to Taylorville as the result of a squabble between the landlord and a neighboring business. The Midvale location never recovered its sales after returning thus shut its doors in May 2008. Asset Management, based near Murfreesboro, Tennessee, also owned Character Depot stores, both seasonal and year-round locations. They opened a permanent Character Depot in Murfreesboro in January 2012.

JCPenney store-in-store
In 2013, Disney announced that it would be partnering with JCPenney department stores nationwide to open 525 "shop-within-shops" inside of JCPenney stores on October 4, 2013, in time for the release of Frozen.

Target store-in-store
At the D23 Expo in August 2019, Disney announced that it would be partnering with Target to open 25 "shop-within-shops" inside of Targets on October 4 in time for the releases of Frozen II and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. The stores would be, on average 750 square feet and include music, interactive displays, and Disney movie clips. They also have created subsite for these stores at Target's website. Target and Disney announced another 40 such locations would be opened by October 2020 and a new Target location near Disney World. Target and Disney announced they will open 100 more locations by December 25, 2021, as most Disney Stores close for good.

Disney at Harrods
Disney at Harrods was a partnership between Disney and Harrods for the operation of Disney stores, Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique, a Disney Store and Disney Cafe, within Harrods from 2002 to 2017.

On October 10, 2012, a 7,000 square foot Disney popup shop with a Princess Parlour, Cinderella Slipper salon, special Disney/Pixar corner and Activity Zone was set up in Harrods on the fourth floor. Harrod followed National Princess Week with their Christmas theme being Disney Princesses by having Oscar de la Renta designed dresses for the Princesses. In August, the dresses were on display at D23 Expo before being auctioned off on November 13 to benefit Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity.

Within the previously operating Disney Cafe and Disney Store, the Disney at Harrods partnership added the Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique salon to those stores. The Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique salon was replicated for the first time for any Disney Parks, Experiences and Products experience in Europe at Harrods as a part of Disney at Harrods with its opening on November 25, 2013.

From July to 21 August 2016, a Star Wars gallery ticketed event was held here with the Millennium Falcon cockpit, Holochess Table and Sofa and prop replicas. Propshop's state-of-the-art photogrammetry system captured heads and faces added to a Rebel Pilot, Stormtrooper or TIE Fighter Pilot overlay for personalized half a meter tall scale model for sale along with prop replicas. On June 1, 2017, Disney at Harrods closed.

Mickey's Kitchen
Mickey's Kitchen was Disney's first attempt at running a chain of restaurants outside of their resorts. The two locations were paired with a Disney Store, and operated from April 1990 to March 1992.

In April 1990, the 50th Disney Store opened at the Montclair Plaza mall (now Montclair Place) located in Montclair, California, along with the first Mickey's Kitchen fast food restaurant. 25,000 visitors had shown up, without any promotions. This location was opened as an experiment, with 190 seats taking up 6,000 square feet out of a total 12,000 square feet for the paired location. The second location opened on May 31, 1991, at the Woodfield Mall, which was located in Schaumburg, Illinois. It was 14,000 square feet, when paired with the attached Disney Store.

In March 1992, Disney closed the two Mickey's Kitchen locations, as the restaurants were only breaking even. While the concept was well received by customers, the company wanted to focus on expanding the Disney Stores to overseas locations. A few years after the closures of the restaurants, the two Disney Stores they were attached to remained open until the 2021 closure wave. The Woodfield Mall store had relocated and remodeled in the early 2000s, while the Montclair Plaza store retained the original "pink & green" Disney Store design up until its closure in March 2021.

ESPN Store
ESPN—The Store was a chain of sports retail stores run by Disney Stores. The store were designed to look like a broadcast center and have interactive kiosks for video games and news.

With Disney purchase of Capital Cities/ABC, ESPN was a key part of the purchase, which Disney chairman/CEO Michael Eisner moving into more brand extensions from biweekly sports magazines, ESPN Grill restaurants, video games and retail stores. On September 16, 1997, Disney Stores opened its first ESPN—The Store at the Glendale Galleria, with sportscaster Dick Vitale providing color. Two additional locations were opened. In September 1999, all three stores in the chain were closed down.

Merchandise in the store consisted the usual branded clothing, collectibles and equipment like binoculars and radio headphones. Collectibles included one of kind collector's memorabilia like boxing gloves signed by Muhammad Ali ($350), and jerseys signed by basketball superstars Michael Jordan ($950) and Magic Johnson ($450). Sporting equipment was sold under the X Games name, ESPN's brand of "Extreme Games" competitions.

Online presence
Online retail at The Walt Disney Company began on November 19, 1996, with the launch of The Disney Store Online. At the time, the business was under the Disney Online business unit.

In 1998, the company purchased Infoseek, and that purchase included Starwave. With that purchase there were now many other online properties under Disney Online including Disney.com, DisneyStore.com, MrShowbiz.com, Family.com, Movies.com, ESPN.com, NFL.com, NASCAR.com, NHL.com, etc. This led to a new business named Buena Vista Internet Group (BVIG) which grouped all internet sites under one business unit. In 1999, the business was changed from BVIG to Go.com and was then spun that off as a tracking stock. Also in 1999 the DisneyStore.com business was moved under a business named Disney Direct Marketing (DDM). DDM was a business entity under the company's Disney Consumer Products (DCP) division and ran the Disney Catalog. At the same time all of this was happening, the team that ran the DisneyStore.com site also built and launched ESPNStore.com, NASCARStore.com, DisneyTickets.com and DisneyAuctions.com.

Disney Auctions was created in October 2000 with a partnership between The Walt Disney Company and eBay. Items such as signs and ride vehicles from Disneyland and Walt Disney World were commonly sold as well as costume pieces and props from previously released movies from Walt Disney Studios.

In 2001, DDM was moved directly under the control of The Disney Stores business. The sale of The Disney Stores to The Children's Place didn't include the sale of DDM but did include the sale of the DisneyStore.com domain name, so in 2004 DisneyStore.com was changed to DisneyDirect.com.

In 2006, a complete rebranding was done. Disney Direct Marketing, Inc. was changed to Disney Shopping, Inc. (DSI), the domain was changed from DisneyDirect.com to DisneyShopping.com and the Disney Catalog business was shut down. In fall of 2006, Disney ended their partnership with eBay and moved the Disney Auctions website under its own banner.

In 2008, after the repurchase of the Disney Store business from The Children's Place, the domain was changed back to DisneyStore.com. In 2009, DisneyAuctions.com was completely shut down. In 2010, DSI was moved back under the control of the newly reacquired Disney Store business and a complete redesign of the site was launched. Also in 2010, the Disneystore.co.uk site was completely rebuilt on the same platform as the US site. The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment in 2009 and that same year, DisneyAuctions.com was completely shut down and that domain now redirects visitors to DisneyStore.com. In 2011, MarvelStore.com was relaunched using the same technology as the Disney Store website. A new online store for the French market was launched and a new store for the German market was launched.

A special Disney World vintage apparel line called "YesterEars" was available at the online store for a limited time in August 2016. YesterEars products pay homage to classic park attractions and destinations and is named after the former Downtown Disney Pleasure Island shop. Additional products would be announced in September.

title: Disney Store


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Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

Williams-Sonoma, Inc. is an American publicly traded consumer retail company that sells kitchenware and home furnishings. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States. The company has 625 brick and mortar stores and distributes to more than 60 countries, with brands including Williams Sonoma, Williams Sonoma Home, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, PBteen, West Elm, Mark and Graham, and Rejuvenation. Williams-Sonoma, Inc. also operates through eight corresponding websites and a gift registry.

The company is one of the largest e-commerce retailers in the U.S., and one of the biggest multi-channel specialty retailers in the world. In 2019, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. was named as a Fortune 500 company for the first time in its history.

History
Williams-Sonoma, Inc. had its initial public offering in July 1983. One million shares were offered on the OTC Market at $23 a share. At the end of 1985, the company was generating over $51 million in sales. In September 1986, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. acquired Pottery Barn from Gap. The acquisition included Pottery Barn's 27 housewares stores located in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York for $6 million. The company's expansion led to the opening of its first distribution center in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1984. Williams-Sonoma, Inc. was one of the largest proprietary distributors in the Memphis area with 3.5 million square feet of distribution space.

From 1986 to 1989, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. grew by an average of 12 stores per year, bringing the total locations to over 100 stores in the U.S. It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange starting in 1998, while sales reached $1 billion for the first time.

The following year, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. launched its e-commerce websites. The company also launched Pottery Barn Kids, a spin-off of Pottery Barn that specializes in home furnishings for children.

The Pottery Barn brand further expanded with the launch of PBteen in early 2003. Pottery Barn extended its merchandising with the introduction of the Pottery Barn Bed & Bath and Pottery Barn Kids in Manhattan.

By 2009, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. was operating 610 stores with an annual revenue of over $3 billion. In May 2010, Lester retired, and Laura Alber was named CEO of the umbrella organization. Alber joined the company in 1995. She was active in building the Pottery Barn catalog and the development and launch of Pottery Barn Kids and PBteen. In November 2011, the company acquired Portland, Oregon-based Rejuvenation, a manufacturer and direct marketer of light fixtures and hardware with stores in Portland, Seattle, and Los Angeles. The company launched a lifestyle brand offering personalized products, Mark and Graham, in November 2012.

Williams Sonoma's e-commerce sales were approximately 52 percent of its parent company's revenue of the first quarter of 2015.

The West Elm brand was launched in 2002 with the release of a catalog; the following year, the brand opened its first store. Through the West Elm brand, the company launched West Elm Hotels. The joint venture with DDK hospitality management and development company has locations in Detroit, Michigan, Indianapolis, Indiana, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Oakland, California and Savannah, Georgia.

The West Elm brand is active with the Clinton Global Initiative and in 2013 agreed to invest $35 million on hand made goods from U.S. and abroad to sell in its stores over the course of two years. The collaborations were aimed to positively impact over 4,000 artisan workers. Former President Bill Clinton visited a West Elm showroom after the company spent nearly that amount in the first year of the agreement. In 2015, the company made a pledge at the Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting to expand its Fair Trade Certified product offerings.

Canada
In October 2001, the company opened its first international stores in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Williams-Sonoma and Pottery Barn stores in Yorkville occupied a combined 37,000 square feet of space at the retail podium of the 100 Bloor Street West condominium; these stores closed in 2017 after the landlord substantially raised rents in 2014.

Latin America
In 2008, the company opened Pottery Barn and West Elm stores at Plaza Las Americas in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico, a district of the capital San Juan.

For Mexico, in 2014, El Puerto de Liverpool, which operates two nationwide department store chains (Liverpool) and Suburbia, signed a franchise agreement to operate stores and e-commerce sites for six brands. Brand covered are Williams-Sonoma, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, PB Teen, West Elm.

Middle East
In 2010, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. partnered with M.H. Alshaya Co. to launch Pottery Barn and Pottery Barn Kids franchise operations in the Middle East. The first Williams-Sonoma brand store outside of North America opened in Kuwait in 2012, along with West Elm at The Avenues Mall, the largest shopping center in Kuwait.

Europe
The company opened its first store in the United Kingdom in 2014 with the launch of its West Elm location in London.

Asia Pacific
Williams-Sonoma, Inc. opened four stores (Williams-Sonoma, Pottery Barn, Pottery Barn Kids, and West Elm) in Australia in 2015 as the first retail locations outside of North America owned and operated by Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

In the same year, the company also opened Pottery Barn and Pottery Barn Kids stores with a franchise partner in the Philippines.

Brands
Under the umbrella organization of Williams-Sonoma, Inc., the company's brands are:
 * Williams Sonoma – upscale products for the kitchen and home
 * Williams Sonoma Home – upscale home furnishings
 * Pottery Barn – home furnishings
 * Pottery Barn Kids – home furnishings for children
 * PBteen – home furnishings for young adults
 * West Elm – modern furniture and home decor
 * Rejuvenation – light fixtures, hardware and home furnishings
 * Mark and Graham – monogrammed gifts and accessories
 * Green Row – sustainably sourced furnishings

Controversies
In March 2020, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a settlement with Williams-Sonoma, Inc. over false advertising claims where Goldtouch Bakeware products, Rejuvenation-branded products, and Pottery Barn Teen and Pottery Barn Kids-branded upholstered furniture products were falsely advertised as being made in the USA. As part of the settlement with the FTC, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. agreed to stop making false, misleading or unsubstantiated "Made in USA" claims and is required to pay $1 million to the FTC.

In April 2024, the FTC fined the Williams-Sonoma almost $3.2 million for violating the FTC's 2020 order to be truthful about whether its products were made in the US, which marked the largest-ever civil penalty in a "Made in USA" case.

title: Williams-Sonoma, Inc.


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User talk:Babushi

C'kemi Babusho? Per fotot, duhet te besh "upload" nje perpara se ta vendosesh ne nje artikull. Ai shembulli eshte thjesht per te treguar sintaksen. Dori | Talk 12:44, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:MqenaCD copy.JPG
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 06:40, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Babushi


text:
Lane Kirkland

Joseph Lane Kirkland  (March 12, 1922 – August 14, 1999) was an American labor union leader who served as President of the AFL–CIO from 1979 to 1995.

Life and career
Kirkland was born in Camden, South Carolina, the son of Louise Beardsley (Richardson) and Randolph Withers Kirkland. He rose over his career to head the 16-million-member American labor movement.

In 1941, Kirkland entered the United States Merchant Marine Academy, graduated 1942, and became a deck officer on U.S. merchant ships during World War II. After the war, he worked in the Research Department of the AFL. He received a B.S. degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.

Kirkland married Edith Draper Hollyday in June 1944, with whom he had five daughters.

A year after their divorce in 1972, he married the Prague-born Irena Neumann (1925–2007). An Auschwitz survivor, Neumann had previously been married to film producer Henry T. Weinstein, who had directed Marilyn Monroe's final unfinished picture. The couple had been close to Monroe during the last months of her life.

From 1979 to 1995 Kirkland was president of the American Federation of Labor – Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO). During his tenure, union membership in the United States declined precipitously. The unions suffered some of their most serious defeats, including the 1981 air traffic controllers' strike and the 1985–1986 Hormel strike. He also served on the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated (FPI) board from 1980-1988, representing Labor during FPI's growth years. On the international front, Kirkland's support of the Solidarity movement in Poland contributed to the decline of communism. According to Michael Szporer in Solidarity: The Great Workers Strike of 1980, American Unions under the leadership of Lane Kirkland contributed $150,000 shortly after the successful Solidarity Strike, as early as September 1980. At the time, the Carter administration, including its two prominent Polish Americans, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Ed Muskie advised against such aid fearing Soviet reaction. Kirkland boldly took the initiative persuading Zbigniew Brzezinski of the wisdom of supporting the Solidarity movement. In all U.S. union support of Solidarity far exceeded its European counterparts. Solidarity aid was part of Lane Kirkland's internationalist vision for the labor movement and the building of the global consensus on human rights. After the changes in Eastern Europe, Kirkland became a mentor for many prominent labor leaders who saw him as a visionary and visited him in his office at the George Meany Center. He befriended Lech Walesa as well as Marian Krzaklewski who replaced Lech Walesa at the helm of Solidarity. Kirkland was awarded posthumously with the highest Polish award, the Order of the White Eagle. The Polish American Freedom Foundation has established a grant in Lane Kirkland's honor, and his union, the International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots, has established the non-profit Captain Richard Phillips-Lane Kirkland Maritime Trust partly in his memory.

His best remembered quotation is:

"If hard work were such a wonderful thing, surely the rich would have kept it all to themselves."

On November 13, 1989, Kirkland was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bush.

In 1994, Kirkland was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Clinton. In 1999, Lane Kirkland was awarded the Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom.

Lane Kirkland died in Washington, D.C., age 77, from complications of cancer.

title: Lane Kirkland


text:
Centre de documentation et d'étude sur la langue internationale

The Centre de documentation et d'étude sur la langue internationale (CDELI; English: Center for Documentation and Study about the International Language) in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, was founded in 1967 by Claude Gacond. It is the main branch of the city's library and contains more than 20,000 bibliographic units. Interlinguistically neutral (thus "la langue internationale"), CDELI aims to preserve documents in and about all kinds of constructed languages: it offers, in addition to Esperanto books and periodicals, the richest collections of materials about Volapük and Interlingue, among others.


text:
Tommy Bahama

Tommy Bahama Group Inc. trading as Tommy Bahama, owned by parent company Oxford Industries is an American multinational lifestyle brand, manufacturer of casual men's and women's sportswear and activewear, denim, swimwear, accessories, footwear and a complete home furnishings collection. Tommy Bahama is available at US department stores including Macy's, Nordstrom Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, Saks Fifth Avenue, Lord & Taylor, Belk and Von Maur, along with resort locations around the world. There are over 160 company-owned Tommy Bahama retail stores worldwide, 14 of which include a Tommy Bahama restaurant and bar.

History
Tony Margolis, Bob Emfield, and their wives dreamed up the idea of "Tommy Bahama", a lifestyle of never leaving the beach. In 1991, Tony and Bob discussed their concept with Lucio Dalla Gasperina. From the outset, the three envisioned the kind of upscale casual apparel Tommy would wear: printed silk shirts and tailored pants for island living. Basing clothing on the concept, they founded Tommy Bahama Group, Inc. in 1993. In 2003, Tommy Bahama Group became fully owned by Oxford Industries, Inc.

Products
The men's sportswear line includes Tommy Bahama Collection, Tommy Bahama Relax, Tommy Bahama IslandActive, and Tommy Bahama Denim; Women's products include sportswear, denim, and swimwear. In addition to company manufactured offering of sportswear, they license home indoor and outdoor furnishings, eyewear, watches, umbrellas, luggage, hats, and men's and women's fragrances. The brand also licenses international companies to manufacture sportswear and operate Tommy Bahama's retail locations in Canada, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Japan, United Arab Emirates and Australia.

Liquor range
Tommy Bahama launched its own brand of rum in 2007. The line includes two varieties, White Sand, a light rum; and Golden Sun, an aged, dark rum. Both varieties are produced by R.L. Seale Distillery, which has been producing rum for more than 80 years in Barbados.

Tommy Bahama Rum was awarded the Double Gold for Tommy Bahama Golden Sun and Gold for Tommy Bahama White Sands at the 2010 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. , liquor ratings aggregator Proof66.com placed the White Sand and Golden Sun rums in its "Tier 1" category, indicating the "Highest Recommendation."

Headquarters
The corporate headquarters of Tommy Bahama is located at 400 Fairview in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, and was built in 2015.

title: Tommy Bahama


text:
Lu Ban

Lu Ban (c. 507–444BC) was a Chinese architect or master carpenter, structural engineer, and inventor, during the Zhou Dynasty. He is revered as the Chinese Deity (Patron) of builders and contractors.

Life
Lu Ban was born in the state of Lu; a few sources claim he was born further to the west, in Dunhuang, to a family of carpenters or artisans during the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou dynasty. His original name was Gongshu Yizhi. He was also referred to as Gongshu Ban or Pan. He was supposed to have been an indifferent pupil until his love of learning was kindled by the scholar Zi Xia. He later learned woodworking from Bao Laodong. The great demand for his work supposedly compelled him to invent or improve several carpenter's tools—the saw, the square, the planer, the drill, the shovel, and an ink marking tool—to complete his many projects more quickly. His wife was also credited with inventing the umbrella in order to permit him to work in inclement weather.

Inventions
According to tradition, he was responsible for several inventions:

 * Cloud ladder—a mobile, counterweighted siege ladder.
 * Grappling hooks and ram—implements for naval warfare.
 * Wooden bird—a non-powered, flying, wooden bird which could stay in the air for three days. It has been suggested to be a prototype of a kite.
 * The saw. Legend has it that when Lu Ban was grabbing hold of tree trunks in order to climb a steep slope while gathering firewood, his hand was cut by a leaf with spiny texture. He then realized that he could turn the leaf's texture into a more efficient tool for tree-cutting, namely the saw.

Other inventions were also attributed to him, such as a lifting implement to assist with burial, a wooden horse carriage and coachman, a pedal-powered cycle, and other woodworking mentioned in various texts, which thereafter led Lu Ban to be acknowledged as a master craftsman:

 * The Book of Lineages (Shiben), written c. the 3rd century BC.
 * The Tales of the Marvelous (述異記), by Ren Fang, written c. the 5th century AD.
 * The Records of Origin on Things and Affairs (事物紀原), by Gao Cheng, written c. the 11th century.
 * The Origin on Things (物原), by Luo Qi, written c. the 15th century.
 * The Treatise of Lu Ban (魯班經), attributed to Lu Ban, written in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century.

Legacy
Lu Ban is revered as the god of carpentry and masonry in Chinese folk religion. His personality is assumed by the master carpenter involved in the construction of houses among the Dong. He is sometimes counted among the Five Kings of the Water Immortals, Taoist water gods invoked by sailors for protection while carrying out journeys.

He is referenced in a number of Chinese idioms. The Chinese equivalent of "teaching one's grandmother to suck eggs" is to "brandish one's axe at Lu Ban's door" (班门弄斧 ). His cultural companion is the stone worker Wang Er, who lived around the same time.

The Lu Ban Ruler (魯班尺) is used in feng shui practices.

The modern artist Shi Lu has claimed that Lu Ban was an alias of his contemporary Confucius, but this seems dubious.

title: Lu Ban


text:
Strachey

Strachey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Strachey family of Sutton Court, Somerset

 * William Strachey the English writer
 * William Strachey (c. 1596/97–1635)
 * John Strachey (d. 1674), friend of John Locke
 * John Strachey (geologist) (1671–1743), British geologist
 * Henry Strachey of Sutton Court, Somerset
 * Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet (1737–1810), British politician and civil servant; son of Henry Strachey and grandson of the geologist John Strachey. He had at least two sons:
 * Sir Henry Strachey, 2nd Baronet (1772–1858), eldest son of the 1st baronet
 * Edward Strachey (1774–1832), second son of the 1st baronet; he was in the service of the East India Company. He had at least five sons, including:
 * Sir Edward Strachey, 3rd Baronet (1812–1901), eldest son of Edward Strachey (1774–1832) and nephew of the second baronet. He had three sons:
 * Edward Strachey, 1st Baron Strachie (1858–1936), Liberal politician; eldest son of the third baronet
 * Edward Strachey, 2nd Baron Strachie (1882–1973), son of the 1st Baron Strachie
 * Frances Constance Maddalena (d.1931), daughter of the 1st Baron Strachie. She was the first wife of Maurice Towneley-O'Hagan, 3rd Baron O'Hagan (1882–1961), British Liberal politician, they had at least one son:
 * Major Thomas Anthony Edward Towneley Strachey (died 1955), son of the 3rd Baron O'Hagan by his first wife Frances née Strachey, who changed his surname by deed poll to Strachey in September 1938, by which name his progeny are known.
 * Charles Strachey, 4th Baron O'Hagan (born 1945), British Conservative politician; son of Major Thomas Strachey
 * John St. Loe Strachey (1860–1927), journalist and newspaper proprietor; second son of the third baronet. He had three sons, including:
 * John Strachey (politician) (1901–1963), British politician; third and youngest son of John St. Loe Strachey
 * Charles Strachey, presumed 6th Baronet (1934–2014)
 * Henry Strachey (artist) (1863–1940), painter, art critic and writer; third son of the third baronet
 * Henry Strachey (explorer) (1816–1912), second son of Edward Strachey (1774–1832) and younger brother of the 3rd baronet; he served in India as an officer in the Bengal Army and was responsible for surveying large portions of western Tibet. He had issue an only daughter
 * Julia Charlotte Chance, daughter of Henry Strachey (explorer). In 1884, she married barrister William Chance (later 2nd Baronet Chance), of the wealthy family which owned the glassmaking company Chance Brothers. The couple's residence, Orchards, Surrey, was designed for them by Edwin Lutyens.
 * Richard Strachey (1817–1908), third son of Edward Strachey (1774–1832) and younger brother of the 3rd baronet; husband of the suffragette Jane Maria Strachey (1840–1928) and father of 10 surviving children, including:
 * Lytton Strachey (1880–1932), son of Richard; writer and thinker; among his prominent works are Eminent Victorians and a celebrated biography of Queen Victoria
 * Pernel Strachey (1876–1951), daughter of Richard; scholar and educationist; principal of Newnham College, Cambridge
 * James Strachey (1887–1967), son of Richard; psychoanalyst and biographer of Sigmund Freud; husband of psychoanalyst Alix Strachey (1892–1973)
 * Oliver Strachey (1874–1960), son of Richard; writer and cryptoanalyst; worked at Bletchley Park during WWII. His wives were Ruby Mayer and the feminist Ray Costelloe Strachey (1887–1940). He had three children:
 * Julia Strachey (1901–1979), writer; daughter of Oliver and his first wife Ruby Mayer
 * Barbara Strachey (1912–1999), writer; daughter of Oliver and his second wife Ray
 * Christopher Strachey (1916–1975), computer scientist; son of Oliver and his second wife Ray
 * Dorothy Bussy (née Strachey) (1865–1960), daughter of Richard, wife of French painter Simon Bussy; she wrote one novel, Olivia, about a lesbian relationship
 * Pippa Strachey (1872–1968), daughter of Richard, suffragist and feminist
 * John Strachey (civil servant) (1823–1907), fifth son of Edward Strachey (1774–1832) and younger brother of the 3rd baronet; served as an administrator in India. He married Katherine, daughter of Joseph Batten, principal of the East India Company College and had eight children, including:
 * Sir Arthur Strachey (1858–1901) served as a judge in India.
 * Winifred Barnes was the wife of Indian civil servant Hugh Shakespear Barnes.
 * Charles Strachey
 * Jack Strachey (1894–1972), English composer and songwriter

Fiction

 * Donald Strachey detective in Albany, NY

title: Strachey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Toast and marmalade

Toast and marmalade was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 12 votes to delete, 2 votes to merge/redirect. The content (what little there was) has been merged already into toast. Because of the clear deletion consensus, this will not even be made into a redirect, but future editors to toast should be able to decide whether the bit of added information is useful there. Postdlf 13:41, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Toast and marmalade
Really now. English people eat toast with marmalade. If you like this one, though, there's Toast and jam by the same author (he of the pea fritters) — Bill 12:55, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Please see my comment relating to this on the Pineapple fritter votes for deletion page because I think we can avoid wasting everybody's time with unnecessary discussions on some of these votes. The purpose could very well be accomplished with one simple note on the user:talk page of the person who created offending article (which in this case was me). I mean, it works much better (assuming the person is somebody reasonable like me) at the level of a memo. More than that is overkill unless it's some real controversy (which this obviously isn't). --wayland 09:51, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, well. Factual, yes. Encyclopedic, I think not. Wyllium 14:38, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * just merge with toast. Dunc|☺ 17:19, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Food descriptions arn't encyclopedic. --Improv 17:45, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete both, food in and of themselves are not notable or encyclopedic. -Vina 17:46, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I like it with syrup or jelly! Delete. Gamaliel 20:15, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi, I'm English and I do not eat toast and marmalade at breakfast time. Well not that often anyway. Delete -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 20:30, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Toast it. (Delete for being non-encyclopedic.)  Geogre 21:23, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps move into a list English breakfast foods — siro  χ  o  22:49, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No potential to become encyclopedic. Something like this could be part of an article on British breakfasts or British food or British cuisine, or part of the article on Toast, but there's no need for a whole article. Nor do we need one on Toast and marmite, Hot buttered toast, or Toast and honey, or Toast and treacle. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:46, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Personally, I think desecrating your toast with something so vile as marmalade is a crime, but that's not why I vote delete. Lord Bob 01:45, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Expand into several more articles: Rye toast and orange marmalade, Pumpernickle toast and apricot marmalade, Wheat toast and kiwi marmalade, Whole wheat toast and kiwi marmalade ad nauseam. Or we could delete it, if that would be easier. -R. fiend 20:38, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Why not? Each of these tasty combinations must have influenced the lives of thousands, if not millions of people. Remember, Wikipedia is not pooper, I mean paper. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:59, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * "Have you got anything without toast?" "Well, there's toast marmalade butter and toast, that's not got much toast in it." "I don't want any toast!" "Why can't you have egg bacon toast and sausage?" "That's got toast in it!" "Hasn't got as much toast in it as toast marmalade butter and toast, has it?"
 * You'd be surprised -- there's been a policy debate going on on how to handle food articles/recipes/etc for some time now. --Improv 15:11, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to toast. -Sean Curtin 01:39, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: subtrivial. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:06, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete because moving the contents to a combined 'toast and...' page renders this page a redundant blank --Cynical 21:40, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do edit this page.


text: User talk:210.56.19.13

title: User talk:210.56.19.13


text:
Talk:List of colonial governors of Virginia

Untitled
Since many of the colonial governors were more like "absentee landlords" (I understand some never even visited the colony), it might be helpful to also list the lieutenant governors or acting governors as well. older ≠ wiser 12:57, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC) wats up help me out — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.186.104.2 (talk) 13:21, 17 September 2012 (UTC)

Wrong Nathaniel Bacon listed under crown governors.
The Nathaniel Bacon listed under crown governors is the wrong Nathaniel Bacon. It was the elder Nathaniel and not the Rebel Bacon. There were two Nathaniel Bacon's in colonial Virginia.


text: User talk:128.250.6.243

title: User talk:128.250.6.243


text:
Lane Smith

Walter Lane Smith III (April 29, 1936 – June 13, 2005) was an American actor. His well-known roles included newspaper editor Perry White in the ABC series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Walter Warner in Son in Law, collaborator entrepreneur Nathan Bates in the NBC television series V, Mayor Bates in the film Red Dawn, Coach Jack Reilly in The Mighty Ducks, district attorney Jim Trotter III in My Cousin Vinny, U.S. Congressman Dick Dodge in The Distinguished Gentleman, Grantland Rice in The Legend of Bagger Vance, and U.S. President Richard Nixon in The Final Days, for which he received a Golden Globe award nomination.

Early life
Lane Smith was born in 1936 in Memphis, Tennessee. He graduated from the Leelanau School, a boarding school in Glen Arbor, Michigan, and spent one year boarding at the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, before studying at the Actors Studio in the late 1950s and early 1960s along with Dustin Hoffman and Al Pacino; he was recognized in their Hall of Fame. Smith served two years in the U.S. Army.

Career
After graduating, Smith found steady work in New York theater before making his film debut in Maidstone in 1970. During the 1970s, he regularly made appearances in small film roles including Rooster Cogburn in 1975 and Network in 1976. In 1981, Smith appeared in the Sidney Lumet-directed film Prince of the City. He also acted on television, notably playing a United States Marine in Vietnam in the television miniseries A Rumor of War and in the 1980 Hallmark Hall of Fame TV movie Gideon's Trumpet starring Henry Fonda, José Ferrer and John Houseman. Smith is also credited for playing McMurphy 650 times in the 1971 Off-Broadway revival of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.

Smith made a major breakthrough in 1984 with significant roles in Red Dawn, Places in the Heart and the television series V. He also played on Quincy, M.E. in season 8, episode 7, "Science for Sale" as an oncologist searching for a cure to cancer. In 1989, Smith gained recognition for his portrayal of Richard Nixon in the docudrama The Final Days. Newsweek praised the performance, writing, "[Smith] is such a good Nixon that his despair and sorrow at his predicament become simply overwhelming." Smith earned a Golden Globe nomination for his performance. He also appeared in the original Broadway stage production of David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross as James Lingk. He received a Drama Desk Award for his performance.

In 1990, Smith appeared in Air America playing a United States Senator, a role for which he was selected based on his resemblance to then-Minority Leader Bob Dole. Two years later, he played a powerful and corrupt United States Congressman opposite Eddie Murphy in The Distinguished Gentleman, followed by a role as a small-town district attorney opposite Joe Pesci in My Cousin Vinny, and as Coach Jack Reilly in The Mighty Ducks. In 1993, Smith was cast as Perry White in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, which he played for four seasons until 1997. In 1994, he portrayed New York Yankees front officeman Ron in The Scout, alongside Albert Brooks and Brendan Fraser. In 1998, Smith appeared in a major role as fictional television anchorman Emmett Seaborn in the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon. His final film appearance was in The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000).

Death
Smith was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) in April 2004. He died of the disease at home in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on June 13, 2005 at the age of 69. He was survived by his wife, Debbie Benedict Smith, and his son Robert Smith.

title: Lane Smith


text:
Euler–Tricomi equation

In mathematics, the Euler–Tricomi equation is a linear partial differential equation useful in the study of transonic flow. It is named after mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Francesco Giacomo Tricomi.

u_{xx}+xu_{yy}=0. \, $$

It is elliptic in the half plane x > 0, parabolic at x = 0 and hyperbolic in the half plane x < 0. Its characteristics are

 * $$ x\,dx^2+dy^2=0, \, $$

which have the integral

 * $$ y\pm\frac{2}{3}x^{3/2}=C,$$

where C is a constant of integration. The characteristics thus comprise two families of semicubical parabolas, with cusps on the line x = 0, the curves lying on the right hand side of the y-axis.

Particular solutions
A general expression for particular solutions to the Euler–Tricomi equations is:

 * $$ u_{k,p,q}=\sum_{i=0}^k(-1)^i\frac{x^{m_i}y^{n_i}}{c_i} \, $$

where

 * $$ k \in \mathbb{N} $$
 * $$ p, q \in \{0,1\} $$
 * $$ m_i = 3i+p $$
 * $$ n_i = 2(k-i)+q $$
 * $$ c_i = m_i!!! \cdot (m_i-1)!!! \cdot n_i!! \cdot (n_i-1)!!$$

These can be linearly combined to form further solutions such as:

for k = 0:
 * $$ u=A + Bx + Cy + Dxy \, $$

for k = 1:
 * $$ u=A(\tfrac{1}{2}y^2 - \tfrac{1}{6}x^3) + B(\tfrac{1}{2}xy^2 - \tfrac{1}{12}x^4) + C(\tfrac{1}{6}y^3 - \tfrac{1}{6}x^3y) + D(\tfrac{1}{6}xy^3 - \tfrac{1}{12}x^4y) \, $$

etc.

The Euler–Tricomi equation is a limiting form of Chaplygin's equation.

title: Euler–Tricomi equation