text:
Fred Feast

Frederick Feast (5 October 1929 – 25 June 1999) was a British television actor, best remembered for playing the role of Fred Gee in Coronation Street.

Early life
He attended the Scarborough High School for Boys, Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, and served as a physical training instructor for the Parachute Regiment with the rank of sergeant. He worked as a variety artist and stand-up comic at the Windmill Theatre and appeared in summer seasons and pantomimes. Other occupations included driving instructor, butcher, trawlerman, dolphin trainer, computer systems analyst, nightclub owner, personal shopper, publican and maître d' at a Michelin star Algarve restaurant.

Early roles
Feast acted in numerous television dramas throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, including the BAFTA winning ITV play Another Sunday and Sweet FA, written by Jack Rosenthal. . The Organization , ITV series  (1972) episode one.  He also had guest roles in a string of popular serials including Nearest and Dearest, Country Matters, South Riding and the mining drama Sam'' (1973), where he played the character Chopper for two episodes. He appeared in the Ken Loach directed wartime series Days of Hope (1975), written by Jim Allen. He also appeared in Crown Court.

Coronation Street
Feast was best known for his role as the Rovers Return's potman Fred Gee in the soap opera Coronation Street, a role he played from 1975 to 1984.

In 1983, Feast took time off sick at a moment's notice, causing the Coronation Street script writers to have to re-draft 12 episodes (then the equivalent of six weeks of programmes). He claimed to be depressed, had trouble remembering his lines, and suffered from bouts of uncontrollable weeping. Producer Bill Podmore later said that if he had come to him and explained this in the first place, his role could have been temporarily reduced; appearing as a barman in the Rovers, the focal point of Coronation Street, means that an actor tends to be in more scenes than other characters. Podmore described Feast as "earthy", and Fred Gee as being a toned-down screen version of Fred Feast.

When Feast next took time off, it was permanent. In October 1984 he told Bill Podmore he was leaving despite having earlier verbally said he would sign a new yearly contact in November. On the show, Fred Gee had gone from being an unlikable loser to an outright buffoon, getting the sack from Rovers landlord Billy Walker (Kenneth Farrington) after punching him in the face, unable to see that Walker had goaded him into it so he could sack him without having to pay him any redundancy. Business deals behind the back of London textile magnate Mike Baldwin (Johnny Briggs) also backfired.

Fred Gee last appeared in the soap in November 1984. His departure went unremarked upon, and his position at the Rovers was taken by Jack Duckworth (William Tarmey).

When the character's wife Eunice (Meg Johnson) made a brief return to the show in 1999, she mentioned that Fred had died of a heart attack in the interim.

Later roles
After leaving Coronation Street, Feast went on to play knackerman Jeff Mallock in a three-year stint in the BBC1 series All Creatures Great and Small, taking over from Frank Birch.

Dogged by ill health for most of the 1990s, he made a short-lived comeback starting in 1996 when Liz Dawn asked him to play the barman in her video Liz Dawn's House Party. An appearance on the regional celebrity Yorkshire TV quiz show Cryer's Crackers followed, as did a guest role in Heartbeat in 1998. The same year he took on the small role of pigeon fancier Arthur in the hit film Little Voice, set in Scarborough and starring Brenda Blethyn, Jane Horrocks, Ewan McGregor, Michael Caine and Jim Broadbent. Feast also appeared in pantomimes, and on television chat shows during his two-year return in the public eye.

Death
Feast died of abdominal cancer on 25 June 1999, aged 69. This was less than six months after his character, Fred Gee, had been officially proclaimed as having died (offscreen) on Coronation Street, though the character had not been seen onscreen for almost 15 years.

title: Fred Feast


text:
Autozam Scrum

The Autozam Scrum, later known as Mazda Scrum, is a cabover microvan and kei truck sold exclusively in Japan by Japanese automaker Mazda. Originally part of the company's Autozam marque, it was first introduced in June 1989 (DG41, DH41 for 4WD versions). Mazda still sells the Scrum under its own name. The Scrum is a rebadged version of the Suzuki Carry/Every and used Suzuki engines. The first model year had 550-cc (cm3) Suzuki F5B engines producing 34 PS, or 52 PS with an intercooled turbo; after only nine months, this was replaced by the larger-engined DG/DH51 (660-cc, 38 PS or 58 PS) as the kei car standards were changed that year.

A passenger car version called the Scrum Wagon was added for 2000, while the commercial truck and van were updated.

The Mazda Scrum uses a 660-cc, DOHC, three-cylinder engine, and is available with either four-wheel drive(4WD) or two-wheel drive (2WD). The 4WD version can also be switched between 4WD and 2WD and has high- and low-gear ranges.

The name "scrum" comes from a maneuver from the game of rugby, signifying toughness.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Autozam Scrum


text:
Talk:John Dickson Carr

Comment
Did 30s critics prefer the HM novels? Not that I know of, though I don't know all about it. Maybe there can be a specific source for this claim? In any case, this fact it needs to be worked in better than it has been, since the sentence it is part of does not read well. Bds yahoo 19:53, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I've put a couple of references into the article, which is all I could turn up at home (I got rid of several thousand books and related items in the mystery field 10 years ago and my resources aren't that great.) When I was a young teenager attending prep school a long time ago my favorite author was JDC and my favorite literary personality was Sir Henry Merrivale. The school library had a marvelous reference book section that contained many volumes of a thick annual whose name has long since escaped me and that contained reviews from various newspapers and magazines about most of the books that had been published the previous year.  A Carr or Dickson book would generally be good for excerpts from 4 or 5 different sources, particularly during the 1930s.  I was fascinated by these volumes and wasted many valuable school hours thumbing through them looking up all of my favorite authors.  I distinctly remember a number of other reviewers mentioning how they preferred The Old Man to Dr. Fell but can't pull up any quotations -- I'd sure love to have a complete set of those books sitting in my home right now!  I think that both Anthony Boucher and Ellery Queen expressed that preference -- wish I could track them down.... Hayford Peirce 20:19, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The section on Fell vs. Merrivale contains many POV statements that are unattributed and are presumably the opinions of the editor. They should be removed or changed. 68.1.181.54 23:06, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I've read the article very carefully and I'm baffled as to what POV statements you mean. There are attributed statements that are very POV but are clearly quotes from Amis, Haycroft, and Philmore. Hayford Peirce 02:13, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't be disingenuous. How about this one: "Hilarious as these episodes frequently were..."?  The whole section is unnecessary anyway, beginnign with the silly heading, since this is an encyclopedia article and the only thing people need to know is that H.M. and Fell were two detectives in his books.  One might just as well have a section devoted to people's favorite characters in Alice in Wonderland.  These are not facts, no matter who gets cited.  68.1.174.46 20:16, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sir Henry Merrivale and Doctor Fell are very hard to tell apart, blustering fat guys with brains. Any preference would be based on minor differences.  One of them wears a "shovel hat", if I recall.  Ortolan88 20:14, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Note on usage: "is often regarded as" doesn't really make sense as a phrase: not to be pedantic but how on earth could you quantify how frequently something is "regarded" in a certain way? This expression should be eschewed in favor of "is regarded by many critics/scientists/something else specific" OR "is often cited as" or similar. Bds yahoo 22:05, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"criticism"
I don't like the section name, "Criticism", as it does not deal with criticism (i.e. mainly negative comments) on JDCarr's work. Any suggestions as to a different name? For example "Critics' reception of John Dickson Carr's work" or "Critics' opinion" or anything like that? Is there a need for a separate section at all (the first paragraph can easily be moved into the preceding section, "Dr. Fell and Sir Henry Merrivale"). 131.111.8.98 19:33, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Deathwatch.JPG
Image:Deathwatch.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:25, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Four false weapons.JPG
Image:Four false weapons.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 09:09, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Graveyard to let.JPG
Image:Graveyard to let.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:18, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Novel as by Fenton Carter
I've removed this reference: Novels as Fenton Carter because, sorry, I just don't think it exists. I searched Google, no hits, Alibris, no hits, ABE, no hits, etc. If someone can give publication data for this book, that would be a way to get it back into the article but, frankly, I've never heard of it (and, as I recall from reading his reference book, Joshi hasn't either). If someone can offer information about thism, that would be great. For instance, why did Carr use a one-shot pseudonym at this stage in his career? Accounting4Taste 16:19, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Death has Four Faces - 1948, mystery

First Full-Length Historical Novel Claim
The Bride of Newgate (published in 1950) was not, in fact, the first full-length historical whodunnit. Agatha Christie's mystery Death Comes as the End was published in 1944 and set in ancient Egypt. Margaret Donsbach (talk) 02:10, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Sot-Weed Victim?
Did he die from the effects of tobacco? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.245.114.202 (talk) 12:19, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:John Dickson Carr


text:
User talk:Earthbound01

This guy eats poop for a living, he should be uberbanned.

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Earthbound01


text:
User talk:Farmerjoe

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Farmerjoe


text:
King Street (Toronto)

King Street is a major east–west commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was one of the first streets laid out in the 1793 plan of the town of York, which became Toronto in 1834.

After the construction of the Market Square in 1803 at King and Jarvis streets, to house the first St. Lawrence Market farmer's market, the street became the primary commercial street of York and early Toronto. This original core was destroyed in the 1849 Great Fire of Toronto but was subsequently rebuilt. The original street extended from George Street to Berkeley Street and was extended by 1901 to its present terminuses (both with Queen Street) at Roncesvalles Avenue in the west and the Don River in the east.

Description
King Street's western terminus is at an intersection with The Queensway to the west, Roncesvalles Avenue to the north, and Queen Street West to the east. King runs to the south-east briefly before curving to the east until just west of Parliament Street. There, it curves north-east until terminates at a merge with Queen Street East just west of the Don River and north of the Corktown Common. Prior to a realignment, Eastern Avenue was the East end of King Street and crossed the Don at the King Street Bridge (which has since been abandoned). Yonge Street, the north–south divider of many Toronto east–west streets, divides King Street into King Street East and King Street West.

Canada's Walk of Fame runs along King Street from John Street to Simcoe Street and south on Simcoe. It is a tribute in granite to Canadians who have gained fame in the fields of music, literature, journalism, dance, sports, acting, entertainment and broadcasting.

King Street West is considered Toronto's Fashion District and is known for trendy restaurants, design shops and boutique condo developments. Previously industrial, this neighborhood has undergone considerable urban development since the early 2000s.

King Street East is predominantly known as the high-end, luxury furniture district of downtown Toronto, with dozens of stores on King Street and in the surrounding area.

, King Street is served along its entire length by two overlapping Toronto Transit Commission streetcar routes: the 504A King and the 504B King, which together are the busiest streetcar routes in the fleet, with an average ridership of 65,000 passengers per day. They connect with the Yonge–University subway line (Line 1) at St. Andrew station at University Avenue, and at King station at Yonge Street. They connect with the Bloor–Danforth subway line (Line 2) at Dundas West station and Broadview station. The street was also served by the 508 Lake Shore route until it was discontinued in June 2015. It was subsequently replaced by the 514 Cherry route in June 2016, which was then cancelled in October 2018 and replaced by the two 504 King branches. Between July 2024 and the end of September 2024, the City of Toronto will test a King St Pedestrian pilot project that will have King Street, from Spadina Avenue to Portland Street, closed off to motor vehicles each week from Thursday to Sunday.

Transit mall
The section of King Street between Bathurst Street and Jarvis Street is a transit mall with restrictions on how vehicles can use intersections. In the mall, trucks and cars are unable to continue straight through or turn left at intersections: they must turn right off of King Street. The road also has sidewalk cafes and public art pieces on the road. On April 16, 2019, the transit mall was made permanent.

History
In the original 1793 plan of the Town of York, King Street was the original name of the section of today's Front Street from George Street east to Parliament Street. This was changed in 1797, when York was extended to the west. The original King Street became Palace Street, and Duke Street was renamed King Street. The new King Street was extended west to York Street. In 1798, King Street was extended further west, to Peter Street. In the 1837 westerly extension of Toronto, King Street was extended west to Garrison Creek. By this time, King Street was the main commercial east–west street of Toronto, having St. Lawrence Market at the intersection of King and New (or Nelson) (today's Jarvis) streets, and an commercial core extending around the Market. In the 1849 Great Fire, much of the business core at King and Jarvis was destroyed. New commercial buildings were built. By 1901, King Street West was completed to its present-day intersection at Roncesvalles and Queen Streets.

In recent years there has been a proliferation of chic restaurants, clubs and galleries in the area as King Street West becomes more oriented to Toronto's nightlife crowd, and is near major attractions such as the Rogers Centre (formerly SkyDome), Scotiabank Arena (formerly Air Canada Centre), the Distillery District, Hockey Hall of Fame, Roy Thomson Hall, Meridian Hall (formerly Sony Centre for the Performing Arts), St. Lawrence Market and the historic Omni King Edward Hotel.

Landmarks

 * Popular attractions along King Street include:

 * Canada's Walk of Fame
 * Princess of Wales Theatre - owned by theatre giant Ed and David Mirvish
 * Royal Alexandra Theatre - owned by theatre giant Ed and David Mirvish
 * Roy Thomson Hall

 * Office towers on King:
 * Toronto Stock Exchange
 * Toronto-Dominion Centre
 * First Canadian Place
 * Scotia Plaza
 * Commerce Court, including the historic Commerce Court North
 * Corporate offices of Spin Master

 * Other notable buildings on King Street:
 * The Omni King Edward Hotel
 * St. James' Cathedral (Anglican Church)
 * St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church
 * Toronto Sun Building

 * Neighbourhoods
 * Corktown (at Cherry)
 * Entertainment District (at John)
 * Fashion District (at Spadina)
 * Financial District (at Bay)
 * Liberty Village (at Dufferin)
 * Parkdale (at Dunn)
 * Roncesvalles (at Queen)
 * Old Town of York (at Parliament)
 * St. Lawrence (not actually on King but south of King at Jarvis)
 * Trinity Niagara (at Bathurst)

title: King Street (Toronto)


text:
Wikipedia:List of missing Africa topics

This is a list of topics related to Africa which should be created for Wikipedia. Many of the entries on this list were taken from the indexes to J. D. Fage's A History of Africa (2002 edition) and Colonialism in Africa: 1870–1914 edited by L. H. Gann and Peter Duignan. Consider creating articles which have links to them before creating linkless ones (Note: the automatically generated list is sorted by number of internal links – the "most wanted" ones are on top)

African-related articles which have been created, but still need substantial work, can be found within Category:Africa stubs.

Please see main projects at WikiProject Africa.

A

 * 1) Abdallah of Mourgoula
 * 2)  (Italian periodical)
 * 3) African drama
 * 4) African Repository, published by the American Colonization Society
 * 5) African Technology Forum
 * 6)  of Denmark (1755–1766)
 * 7) Afriques: Débats, Méthodes et Terrains d'Histoire
 * 8) Andreas Akou
 * 9) Martin Akou
 * 10) Mankenda Ambroise (Angolan professor)
 * 11) American Presbyterian Congo Mission
 * 12) Amesfrane Rock Wall, Morocco
 * 13) António Tomás Ana (Angolan)
 * 14) Costa Andrade (Angolan)
 * 15) Mário António (Angolan)
 * 16) Aruis
 * , Eritrea
 * 1) Association Cotonnière du Soudan: Cotton producing organisation in French Soudan
 * 2)  (est. 1972)
 * 3) Association pour l'Étude des Littératures Africaines
 * 4) Association Sénégalaise des Bibliothécaires, Archivistes et Doacumentalistes
 * 5) Latevi Awoku
 * 6) Diamantino Azevedo (Angolan)
 * 1) Association pour l'Étude des Littératures Africaines
 * 2) Association Sénégalaise des Bibliothécaires, Archivistes et Doacumentalistes
 * 3) Latevi Awoku
 * 4) Diamantino Azevedo (Angolan)

B

 * 1) Abu Al Baraaka – Malian scholar
 * 2) Baba Johane weMasowe Zimbabwean founder of Gospel of God Church International commonly known as, Patriarch of Africa initiated church
 * 3) Barabich
 * 4) Arlindo do Carmo Pires Barbeitos (Angolan)
 * 5)  of Switzerland
 * 6) Basorun
 * 7) Cobir Bawa
 * , Libya
 * , Libya
 * , Libya
 * , Libya
 * 1) Júlio Marcelino Vieira Bessa (Angolan)
 * 2) Bibundi Company
 * 3) Peter Birch (artist) Zimbabwean artist
 * 4) Bogonko
 * 5) Boirey
 * 6) Bokari Koutou
 * 7) André Luis Brandão (Angolan)
 * 8) BuHaya
 * 9) Bullom
 * 10) ButwaButwa
 * 1) ButwaButwa

C

 * , Mali
 * 1) Arnaldo de Sousa Calado (Angolan)
 * 2) Isidora Campos (Angolan)
 * 3) Paulo Capela (Angolan)
 * 4) António Cardoso (Angolan)
 * 5) Emmanuel Moreira Carneiro (Angolan)
 * 6) Mendes de Carvalho, Angolan writer
 * 7) Centre d'étude et de documentation africaines, Brussels (CEDAF)
 * , Mali
 * , CAR
 * 1) Centre de recherches africaines, Paris
 * 2) Chabruma
 * 3) Chaminuka
 * 4) Chara Caves, Morocco
 * 5) Chiker Caves, Morocco
 * 6) Demostenes Amos Chilingutila (Angolan)
 * 7) Peregrino Isidro Chindondo (Angolan)
 * 8) Jose Belo Chipenda (Angolan)
 * 9) Augusto Chipesse (Angolan)
 * 10) Arístides Coelho (Angolan)
 * 11) Teresa de Jesus Cohen Dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 12) Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Congo Supérieur
 * 13) Compagnie Française d'Afrique Occidentale
 * 14) Compagnie Française du Congo
 * 15) Compagnie Française du Haut-Congo
 * 16)  of France
 * 17) Compagnie Propriétaire du Kouilou-Niari
 * 18)  (est. 1899; related to Mozambique)
 * 19) Simporé Simone Compaore, Burkinabé writer
 * 20) Consortium des Bibliothèques de l'Enseignement Supérieur du Sénégal
 * 21) Comorian Secession Crisis
 * 22)  (published by Centre d'etudes pour l'action sociale, DR Congo; )
 * 23) Antonio Eduardo Correira (Angolan)
 * 24) Alexandre Cose (Angolan)
 * 25) Marcela Martins Costa (Angolan)
 * 26) Augustin Sondé Coulibaly
 * 27) Council for the Defence of the Revolution
 * 28) Joana Cristiano (Angolan)
 * 1) Alexandre Cose (Angolan)
 * 2) Marcela Martins Costa (Angolan)
 * 3) Augustin Sondé Coulibaly
 * 4) Council for the Defence of the Revolution
 * 5) Joana Cristiano (Angolan)

D

 * 1) Suzanete Nunes da Costa (Angolan)
 * 2) Maria Da Luz (Angolan)
 * 3) Antonio Burity da Silva (Angolan)
 * 4) Antonio Henriques da Silva (Angolan)
 * 5) Cândida da Silva (Angolan)
 * 6) Cândido da Velha (Angolan)
 * 7) Darfur Dialogue and Consultation
 * 8) Maria Alexandre Dáskalos (Angolan)
 * 9) Joaquim da Costa David (Angolan)
 * 10) Orlando de Albuquerque (Angolan)
 * 11) Mãrio de Alcãntara Monteiro (Angolan)
 * 12) Albina de Assis Africano (Angolan)
 * 13) Antonio de Assis Junior (Angolan)
 * 14) Domingos Calvino de Carvalho (Angolan)
 * 15) Emilio de Carvalho (Angolan)
 * 16) Jose Adelino Barcelo de Carvalho (Angolan)
 * 17) João Bernado de Miranda (Angolan)
 * 18) Venancio de Moura (Angolan)
 * 19) Ana Maria de Oliveira (Angolan)
 * 20) Pedro José de Van Dunem (Angolan)
 * 21) José Maria Botelho De Vasconcelos (Angolan)
 * 22) Debundja
 * 23) Deido
 * 24) Maria Filomena F.L.T. Delgado (Angolan)
 * 25) Democratic Republic of the Congo literature
 * 26)  of Germany
 * 27) Diado
 * 28) Carlos Diakanâmwa (Angolan)
 * 29) Diara
 * 30) Didjeli
 * 31) Manuel Difuila (Angolan)
 * 32) Djabataure
 * 33) Roberto do Almeida (Angolan)
 * 34) Isaac Francisco Maria dos Anjos (Angolan)
 * 35) Ana Paula C. de Lemos dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 36) Armando Amaral Dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 37) Fernando da Piedade Dias (Nando) dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 38) Rui Dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 39) Teresa dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 40) Durban Container Terminal
 * 1) Manuel Difuila (Angolan)
 * 2) Djabataure
 * 3) Roberto do Almeida (Angolan)
 * 4) Isaac Francisco Maria dos Anjos (Angolan)
 * 5) Ana Paula C. de Lemos dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 6) Armando Amaral Dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 7) Fernando da Piedade Dias (Nando) dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 8) Rui Dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 9) Teresa dos Santos (Angolan)
 * 10) Durban Container Terminal

E

 * 1) École des otages, Senegal
 * 2) Emanual Juthro
 * 3) Emang Basadi
 * 4) Pedro Emmanuel (Angolan)
 * 5) Enaryea
 * 6) Es Sehifa, Morocco
 * 7) Francisca Espirito Santo (Angolan)
 * 8) Etablissements du Golfe du Bénin
 * 9) Ethnic groups in Cameroon — last version deleted in September 2021 as a copyvio
 * 10) Ethnic Violence in Burundi
 * 11) Etudes d'Histoire Africaine (published by University of Lovanium, DR Congo; )

F

 * 1) Farmers Protection Association
 * 2) Manuel Feio (Angolan)
 * 3) Antonio F. da Costa Fernandes (Angolan)
 * 4) Carlos Antonio Fernandes (Angolan)
 * 5) Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Neves Ferrão (Angolan)
 * 6) Carlos Alberto Simões Ferreira (Angolan)
 * , Senegal
 * 1) Filali dynasty
 * 2) Miguel Filho (Angolan)
 * 3) Fondation de la Couronne
 * 4) Forestière Sangha-Ouibangui
 * 5) Fort Boffa
 * 6) Antonio dos Santos Franca (Angolan)
 * 7) French Company of the Niger

G

 * 1) Manuel Nunes Gabriel (Angolan archbishop)
 * 2) Galekas
 * 3) Victor Gama (Angolan)
 * 4) Antonio Gamitto
 * 5) Ismael Gaspar-Martins (Angolan)
 * 6) Gaud and Toque Scandal
 * 7) Ghiyaro
 * 8) Godola
 * 9) António Gomes Gonga (Angolan)
 * 10) Zeto Cunha Gonçalves (Angolan)
 * 11) Manuel Joaquim Goncalves (Angolan)
 * 12) Henrique Guerra (Angolan)
 * 13) Guigué
 * 14) Luís Filipe Guimarães da Mota Veiga (Angolan)
 * 15) Ana Guimares
 * 16) Guineus
 * 17) Zarra Guiro, Burkinabé writer
 * 18) Jorge Gumbe (Angolan)
 * 19) Gussi
 * 20) Alegria Gustavo (Angolan)
 * 21) Rev. Canon H.M. Grace, Uganda

H

 * 1) Habab
 * 2) Hamakari
 * 3) Albertina Hamukuya (Angolan)
 * 4) Haut Fleuve
 * 5) Haut-Scoi
 * 6) Alick Henrici
 * 7) Vitorino Domingos Hossi (Angolan)
 * , Libya
 * , Libya

I

 * 1) Idris Alawman
 * 2) Igbegbe
 * 3) Ikemba
 * 4) Imvo
 * 5) Institut für Afrika-Kunde (Hamburg, Germany)
 * 6) Institut für Afrikawissenschaften (est. 2007), University of Vienna; successor to Institut für Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik (est. 1923)
 * 7) Isle of Dissé
 * 8) izithopho
 * 1) Isle of Dissé
 * 2) izithopho
 * 1) izithopho

J

 * 1) Maria de Fãtima Jardim (Angolan)
 * 2) Jawasmi
 * 3) Jibril Dobla
 * 4) Jibril ibn 'Umar
 * 5) Paulino Pinto Joao (Angolan)
 * 6) Shelton Jolicoeur, Seychelles Scouting

K

 * 1) Ahabu Kafansiyanji, Malawi Scouting
 * 2) Kahel Plateau
 * 3) Kahigi of Buhaya
 * 4) John Marques Gabriel Kakumba (Angolan)
 * 5) Don Zacarias Kamuenho (Angolan)
 * 6) Jose Mateus Kandeya (Angolan)
 * 7) Luís Kandjimbo (Angolan)
 * 8) Kano Kanejegi
 * 9) Kassaila
 * 10) Dia Kassembe, Angolan writer
 * 11) Katoto
 * 12) Kaya-Magha dynasty
 * 13) Kayanza Roadmap – mentioned in a Whitehouse.gov petition
 * 14) Kidane Mehret (significant elevation at the Battle of Adwa)
 * 15) Kigome
 * 16) Kikonja
 * 17) Elias Diá Kimuezo (Angolan musician)
 * 18) Kismani
 * 19) Kitchi
 * 20) Kingdom of Gisaka
 * 21) Koloniale Zeitschrift, published by the Bibliographisches Institut of Germany
 * 22) René Lompolo Koné
 * 23) Gaël Koné
 * 24) Jean-Marie Koné – Malian politician
 * 25) Kpone
 * 26) Reverend Y. M. Kroma
 * 27) Kenya in fiction: list of films, novels, videogames, etc

L

 * 1) Langheld
 * 2) Langa Lapu
 * 3) Laevi Awoku
 * 4) Lecki
 * 5) Lefini
 * 6) Jose Leitao da Costa e Silva (Angolan)
 * 7) Manuel dos Santos Lima (Angolan)
 * 8) List of cities in Central Africa (including population size and country)
 * 9) List of cities in North Africa (including population size and country)
 * 10) List of cities in Southern Africa (including population size and country)
 * 11) List of cities in West Africa (including population size and country)
 * 12) Little Pop
 * 13) Lobetal
 * 14) LoDagaba
 * 15) Carlos Lonsada (Angolan)
 * 16) Filomeno Vieira Lopes (Angolan)
 * 17) Lula Ragaro
 * 18) Franck Lundangi (Angolan)
 * 19) Lyon Mission

M

 * 1) Pascoal M'Polo (Angolan)
 * 2) Jorge Macedo (Angolan)
 * 3) André Magalhâes (Angolan)
 * 4) Magwida
 * 5) Mai Muni
 * 6) Eufranzina Maiato (Angolan)
 * 7) João Maimona (Angolan)
 * 8) Mak'Dala
 * 9) Makoko of Bateke
 * 10) Makolo
 * 11) Malouine
 * 12) Malaŵi Youth Pioneers
 * 13) Malawian literature
 * 14) Mandela Marathon, South Africa
 * 15) Maneromango
 * 16) Mangi Abdiel of Machame
 * 17) Mangi Sina of Kobosho
 * 18) Mango-Yendi
 * 19) Manica e Sofala
 * 20) Honorine Mare, Burkinabé writer
 * 21) Antonio Jose Maria (Angolan)
 * 22) Marraba
 * 23) Afonso Massongui (Angolan)
 * 24) Masufa
 * 25) Matacong
 * 26) Mataka of the Yao
 * 27) Gordon Mathaka
 * 28) Matmata Range, Tunisia
 * 29) Amadeu Mauricio (Angolan)
 * 30) Zacarias Mavungo (Angolan)
 * 31) Mbegisa
 * 32) Jorge McDoogal, Algerian writer
 * 33) Filimone Meigos (Angolan)
 * 34) Melakori
 * 35) João Melo (Angolan)
 * 36) Mario Mello Henrique da Silva Xavier (Angolan)
 * 37) José Luís Mendonça (Angolan)
 * 38) Fernando Miala (Angolan)
 * 39) Avelino Miguel (Angolan)
 * 40) Andre Mingas (Angolan)
 * 41) Missionary Conference of Southern Rhodesia
 * 42) Mitupo, singular Mutupo, an important feature of Zimbabwean and Shona culture and society
 * 43) Adriano Mixinge (Angolan)
 * 44) Tall Moctar
 * 45) Moncullo (also spelled Minkullu; Eritrea)
 * 46) Moni Kourou or Arraw. Small balls of millet, cooked to a compact paste and served with milk
 * , Mali
 * 1) Mossamedes Company
 * 2) Moko people
 * 3) Mosuto
 * 4) Mountanga of Nioro
 * 5) Mourgoula
 * 6) Msiri of Shaba
 * 7) Mtoko
 * 8) C. C. Mojekwu, Nigerian Scouting
 * 9) Eduardo André Muaca (Angolan Archbishop)
 * 10) Francisco Mubengai (Angolan)
 * 11) Domingos Jardo Muekalia (Angolan Brigadier)
 * 12) Filipe Mukenga (Angolan)
 * 13) Mulay Zaydan
 * 14) Patrick Munson
 * 15) Munzigumba
 * 16) Musadugu
 * 17) Musardu
 * 18) Andre Domingos Mussamo (Angolan)
 * 19) Mutahangarwa of Buhaya
 * 20) Fernando Muteka (Angolan)
 * 21) N'Dilo Mutima (Angolan)
 * 1) Andre Domingos Mussamo (Angolan)
 * 2) Mutahangarwa of Buhaya
 * 3) Fernando Muteka (Angolan)
 * 4) N'Dilo Mutima (Angolan)
 * 1) N'Dilo Mutima (Angolan)

N

 * 1) Nasomones
 * 2) National Committee of Public Safety
 * 3) National Milling Corporation
 * 4) Ndembo
 * 5) Niger Committee
 * 6) Suzy Henique Nikiéma, Burkinabé writer
 * 7) Nokki
 * 8) Nord West Kamerun Gesellschaft
 * 9) Nupata

O

 * 1) Oculie-Cusai
 * 2) Open access in Ghana
 * 3) Open access in South Africa
 * , Benghazi, Libya
 * 1) Bernard Lédéa Ouédraogo
 * 2) Clément Oumarou Ouédraogo
 * 3) Macaire Ouédraogo
 * 4) Pierre Ouédraogo
 * 5) Sidiyété Ouédraogo
 * 6) Ouhan

P

 * , Guinea-Bissau
 * , Mali
 * , R. Congo
 * 1) Herbert Palma
 * 2) Penguin African Library (est. 1962)
 * 3) Peter Birch (artist) Zimbabwean artist
 * 4) Pharusii
 * 5) Pongoro
 * 6) Poverty in Angola
 * 7) Poverty in Benin
 * 8) Poverty in Botswana
 * 9) Poverty in Burkina Faso
 * 10) Poverty in Burundi
 * 11) Poverty in Cameroon
 * 12) Poverty in Cape Verde
 * 13) Poverty in the Central African Republic
 * 14) Poverty in Chad
 * 15) Poverty in the Comoros
 * 16) Poverty in the Republic of the Congo
 * 17) Poverty in Djibouti
 * 18) Poverty in Equatorial Guinea
 * 19) Poverty in Eritrea
 * 20) Poverty in The Gambia
 * 21) Poverty in Ghana
 * 22) Poverty in Guinea
 * 23) Poverty in Guinea-Bissau
 * 24) Poverty in Ivory Coast
 * 25) Poverty in Lesotho
 * 26) Poverty in Liberia
 * 27) Poverty in Libya
 * 28) Poverty in Malawi
 * 29) Poverty in Mali
 * 30) Poverty in Mauritania
 * 31) Poverty in Mauritius
 * 32) Poverty in Morocco
 * 33) Poverty in Mozambique
 * 34) Poverty in Rwanda
 * 35) Poverty in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
 * 36) Poverty in São Tomé and Príncipe
 * 37) Poverty in Senegal
 * 38) Poverty in Seychelles
 * 39) Poverty in Sierra Leone
 * 40) Poverty in Somalia
 * 41) Poverty in Somaliland
 * 42) Poverty in South Africa
 * 43) Poverty in South Sudan
 * 44) Poverty in Sudan
 * 45) Poverty in Swaziland
 * 46) Poverty in Togo
 * 47) Poverty in Tunisia
 * 48) Poverty in Zambia
 * 49) Poverty in Zimbabwe – separate page
 * 50) Presidential Commission on Political Change
 * 51) Prytanée militaire de Saint-Louis, Senegal

R

 * 1) Régime domanial
 * 2) Reverend Y.M. Kroma
 * 3) Rime River
 * 4) Rimfa
 * 5) Romano-Berbers
 * 1) Romano-Berbers

S

 * 1) Sabinet African ePublications
 * 2) Moussa Sawadogo
 * , Swiss publisher
 * 1) Marie-Simone Séri, Burkinabé/Senegalese writer
 * 2) Sidi Umar al-Shaykh
 * , Libya
 * 1) Maxime Z. Somé/Maxime Somé, Burkinabé writer
 * , Madagascar
 * 1) Basil Soundy, Seychelles Scouting
 * 2) State Trading Corporation
 * 3) SA Hunters and Game Conservation Association
 * 4) Swallow (food), see also Category:Swallows (food)

T

 * 1)  (includes Africa)
 * 2) Twifo
 * 1)  (includes Africa)
 * 2) Twifo
 * 1)  (includes Africa)
 * 2) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo
 * 1) Twifo

U

 * , Mali

V

 * 1) Marit Vénus (Angolan musician)

Z

 * 1) Zimbabwean literature

"X in Africa" templates
Please help fill in gaps in the following templates:

Suggestions for non-inclusion

 * 1) Badr-ar-Jamalki – Spelling mistake in A History of Africa for Badr al-Jamali father of Al-Afdal Shahanshah, currently a redirect to the son
 * 2) Liamda – Seems to be a spelling mistake in A History of Africa for Luanda, Liamda is in the index but Luanda is the only similar word on the indexed pages

title: Wikipedia:List of missing Africa topics


text:
Audiology

Audiology (from Latin audīre, "to hear"; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. By employing various testing strategies (e.g. behavioral hearing tests, otoacoustic emission measurements, and electrophysiologic tests), audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low frequencies) are affected, to what degree (severity of loss), and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found (outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve and/or central nervous system). If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation (e.g. hearing aids, cochlear implants, appropriate medical referrals).

In addition to diagnosing audiologic and vestibular pathologies, audiologists can also specialize in rehabilitation of tinnitus, hyperacusis, misophonia, auditory processing disorders, cochlear implant use and/or hearing aid use. Audiologists can provide hearing health care from birth to end-of-life.

Audiologist
An audiologist is a health care provider specializing in identifying, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring disorders of the auditory and vestibular systems. Audiologists are trained to diagnose, manage and/or treat hearing, tinnitus, or balance problems. They dispense, manage, and rehabilitate hearing aids and assess candidacy for and map hearing implants, such as cochlear implants, middle ear implants and bone conduction implants. They counsel families through a new diagnosis of hearing loss in infants, and help teach coping and compensation skills to late-deafened adults. They also help design and implement personal and industrial hearing safety programs, newborn hearing screening programs, school hearing screening programs, and provide special or custom fitted ear plugs and other hearing protection devices to help prevent hearing loss. Audiologists are trained to evaluate peripheral vestibular disorders originating from pathologies of the vestibular portion of the inner ear. They also provide treatment for certain vestibular and balance disorders, such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). In addition, many audiologists work as auditory or acoustic scientists in a research capacity.

Audiologists are trained in anatomy and physiology, hearing aids, cochlear implants, electrophysiology, acoustics, psychophysics and psychoacoustics, neurology, vestibular function and assessment, balance disorders, counseling and communication options such as sign language. Audiologists may also run a neonatal hearing screening program which has been made compulsory in many hospitals in US, UK and India. An audiologist usually graduates with one of the following qualifications: BSc, MSc(Audiology), AuD, STI, PhD, or ScD, depending on the program and country attended. In 2018, a report by CareerCast found the occupation of audiologist to be the third least stressful job surveyed.

History
The use of the terms audiology and audiologist in publications has been traced back only as far as 1946. The creator of the term remains unknown, but Berger identified possible originators as Mayer BA Schier, Willard B Hargrave, Stanley Nowak, Norman Canfield, or Raymond Carhart. In a biographical profile by Robert Galambos, Hallowell Davis is credited with coining the term in the 1940s, saying the then-prevalent term "auricular training" sounded like a method of teaching people how to wiggle their ears. The first US university course for audiologists was offered by Carhart at Northwestern University, in 1946.

Audiology was born of interdisciplinary collaboration. The substantial prevalence of hearing loss observed in the veteran population after World War II inspired the creation of the field as it is known today. The International Society of Audiology (ISA) was founded in 1952 to "…facilitate the knowledge, protection and rehabilitation of human hearing" and to "…serve as an advocate for the profession and for the hearing impaired throughout the world." It promotes interactions among national societies, associations and organizations that have similar missions, through the organization of a biannual world congress, through the publication of the scientific peer-reviewed International Journal of Audiology and by offering support to the World Health Organization's efforts towards addressing the needs of the hearing impaired and deaf community.

Requirements
The International Society of Audiology maintains Global Audiology, which is a portal in Wikiversity that provides information of audiology education and practice around the world. Summary information is provided below:

Australia
In Australia, Audiologists must hold a Master of Audiology, Master of Clinical Audiology, Master of Audiology Studies or alternatively a bachelor's degree from overseas certified by the private agency Vocational Education, Training and Assessment Services (VETASSESS). Although audiologists in Australia are not required to be a member of any professional body, audiology graduates can undergo a clinical training program or internship leading to accreditation with Audiology Australia (AudA) or the Australian College of Audiology (ACAud) which involves supervised practice and professional development, and typically lasts one year.

To provide rehabilitative services to eligible pensioners, war veterans, and children and young adults under the age of 26 as part of the Hearing Services Program, an audiologist must hold a qualified practitioner (QP) number which can be sought by first obtaining accreditation.

Brazil
In Brazil, audiology training is part of speech pathology and audiology undergraduate, four-year courses. The University of São Paulo was the first university to offer a bachelor's degree, and it started operations in 1977. At the federal level, the recognition of the educational programs and the profession of speech pathologist and audiologist took place on December 9, 1981, signed by President João Figueiredo (law no. 6965). The terms  audiology and  audiologist can be tracked in Brazilian publications since 1946. The work of audiologists in Brazil was described in 2007.

Canada
In Canada, a masters of science (MSc) is the minimum requirement to practice audiology in the country. The profession is regulated in New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, where it is illegal to practice without being registered as a full member in the appropriate provincial regulatory body.

Bangladesh
A BSc (Hons) in audiology and speech language pathology is required.

India
To practice audiology, professionals need to have either a bachelor's or a master's degree in audiology and be registered with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI).

Malaysia
Three Malaysian educational institutions offer degrees in audiology.

United Kingdom
There are currently five routes to becoming a registered audiologist:
 * FdSc in hearing aid audiology
 * BSc in audiology
 * MSc in audiology
 * Fast-track conversion Diploma for those with a BSc in another relevant science subject, available at Southampton, Manchester, UCL, London, and Edinburgh
 * BSc(Hons) in clinical physiology (audiology) available at Glasgow Caledonian University (all applicants must be NHS employees)

United States
In the United States, audiologists are regulated by state licensure or registration in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting in 2007, the doctor of audiology (AuD) became the entry-level degree for clinical practice for some states, with most states expected to follow this requirement very soon, as there are no longer any professional programs in audiology which offer the master's degree. Minimum requirements for the AuD degree include a minimum of 75 semester hours of post-baccalaureate study, meeting prescribed competencies, passing a national exam offered by Praxis Series of the Educational Testing Service, and practicum experience that is equivalent to a minimum of 12 months of full-time, supervised experience. Most states have continuing education renewal requirements that must be met to stay licensed. Audiologists can also earn certification from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association or through the American Board of Audiology (ABA). Currently, there are over 70 AuD programs in the United States.

In the past, audiologists have typically held a master's degree and the appropriate healthcare license. However, in the 1990s the profession began to transition to a doctoral level as a minimum requirement. In the United States, starting in 2007, audiologists were required to receive a doctoral degree (AuD or PhD) in audiology from an accredited university graduate or professional program before practicing. All states require licensing, and audiologists may also carry national board certification from the American Board of Audiology or a certificate of clinical competence in audiology (CCC-A) from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

Pakistan
In Pakistan, a master's or doctoral degree in audiology is required to practice this profession. This medical degree must come from a recognised institute, most of which are government, otherwise the person didn't get the license to practice the audiology. Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) issues the practicing license to all the medical students. Besides these, the person who provides the medical instruments to these doctors should also have the certificate of accreditation, issued by the Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC).

Portugal
The exercise of audiologist profession in Portugal necessarily imply the qualifications degree in audiology or legally equivalent as defined in Decree-Law 320/99 of August 11 Article 4.

South Africa
In South Africa, there are currently five institutions offering training in audiology. The institutions offer different qualifications that make one eligible for practicing audiology in South Africa. The qualifications are as follows, I) B. Audiology, II) BSc. Audiology, III) B. Communication Pathology (Audiology), and IV) B. Speech Language Pathology and Audiology (BSLP&A). All practicing audiologists are required to be registered with the Health Professional Council of South Africa (HPCSA).

Turkey
Audiology in Turkey started in 1968 as an audiology master's degree program at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat. The program, which was carried out as Audiology until 1989, has been revised since this year and continued as "Audiology and Speech Disorders" Master's and Doctoral education. The first undergraduate program was opened in 2011, and as of 2011, Audiologist has become a profession defined and officially recognized by the state of the Republic of Turkey.

title: Audiology


text:
User talk:JawnLam

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:JawnLam


text:
Autozam AZ-1

The Autozam AZ-1, known by the framecode PG6SA, is a mid-engined kei-class sports car, designed and manufactured by Mazda under its Autozam brand. Suzuki provided the engine as well as the inspiration for the design.

Manufactured from October 1992 to October 1994, the AZ-1 was noted for its gullwing doors. Power came from the same Suzuki-sourced 657 cc turbocharged engine used by the Suzuki Alto that produced 64 PS at 6,500 rpm and 85 Nm at 4,000 rpm.

Suzuki later produced its own badge engineered version named the Suzuki Cara (PG6SS).

Suzuki prototypes
The proposal for the AZ-1 goes as far back as 1985 when Suzuki created the Suzuki RS/1 as a mid-engine sports car project for volume production. Suzuki's design for the Tokyo Motor Show was a fully functional car with a front/rear weight distribution of 45:55, powered by a modified 1.3-liter G13B engine borrowed from the Cultus GTi.

This was followed up by the Tatsumi Fukunaga-designed RS/3, unveiled for the 1987 Tokyo Motor Show. This version of the car retained many of its design features of the predecessor, but many of its design features were modified to meet Japanese safety regulations as well as for practicality. However, the project was abandoned in favor of the roadster project they had been working on, named later the Cappuccino.

Mazda's design team, led by Toshihiko Hirai, who was also responsible for the MX-5, took over the design project, despite having a limited budget and capacity.

Mazda prototypes
The redesigned cars, constructed in tube frame with floors and bulkheads constructed from aluminium honeycomb, clad in three different body styles constructed in fiberglass. The cars were constructed around the Kei car regulations of the time (maximum length 126 in, maximum engine capacity 550 cc), until this was changed for the following March, hence its model name, AZ-550 Sports.

First introduced at the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show as the AZ-550 with three versions.

The Type A is a red sports car with pop-up headlights, front air vent and gull-wing doors.

The Type B, themed as "High-tuned pure sports", was inspired by the trends in the tuning industry and in current concept car design, featuring greenhouse pyramid roof without a rearward sweep to the C-pillar. It had a racing car inspired interior, unlike Type A, it was aiming for the rough and spartan look and was the only model that had a more conventional forward door hinging. It featured a pair of bulging headlamps and incorporated dual mufflers.

The Type C, has a more distinctive body design as it was inspired by Mazda's Group C sports prototype racers, incorporating its signature colour scheme of blue on white and the number it bore at the 24 hours of Le Mans. Featuring a bigger air intake than the former two, venting to the forward-positioned radiator and exits it along the front rim of the cowl. There are many design cues typical to an endurance racer such as the wing mirror and BBS style brake-cooling wheel discs. Compared to the Type B, this version is far more spartan.

Pre-production
As the cars were well received by the visiting public and the motoring press, Mazda executives decided on production of the car. Although Type C was the better received of the three, Type A was given the green light by executives as they believed that it would be the one most commercially accepted by the buying public. The Type A would only receive a minor design alteration prior to production, as the pop-up headlights were dropped in favour of fixed units, purely for structural rigidity reasons. The front air vent was the other design alteration made to the car prior to production.

Nonetheless, the car took three years to get into production as the engineering team changed the car's internal skeleton frame to steel to allow for further rigidity. The dashboard design was also changed, to a less futuristic but still sporting look.

Much of the development work was carried out in the United Kingdom, undergoing extensive testing at Lotus' Millbrook Proving Ground, despite the fact that the car was never intended for sale outside Japan.

Production

The car was made available to the buying public in January 1992, with two color options, Siberia blue and classic red. Both colors came with Venetian gray lower panels. Each car was sold through the Autozam dealer network in Japan.

Unfortunately by the time car came into production, the recession in Japan had just come into force. Selling for 1,498 million ¥ (the equivalent of $12,400), it was slightly less than a Eunos Roadster, but marginally higher than its competitor, the Honda Beat, selling at 1,388 million ¥ and the Suzuki Cappuccino at ¥1,458 million, the AZ-1 was considered to be both too expensive and too cramped for a kei car. The car failed to sell within its target of 800 per month, in the midst of an economic recession. Production of the car ended after the following year, but Mazda had plenty of stock to sell off.

With a total production of 4,392 over a year, plus 531 Suzuki Cara, compared to 28,010 Cappuccinos and 33,600 Beats (both with production reaching into the latter half of the 1990s).

Alternative versions
In a bid to shift unsold stock, Mazda made an effort to produce special versions. First to come was the Type L option, featuring an enhanced audio system including a sub-woofer in the boot. There were no exterior changes made to the car.

Mazdaspeed
Mazda also introduced the Mazdaspeed version to showcase the parts that were available for the car, the A-spec, the body kit features an enhanced hood, front spoiler and rear wing. Unlike the production version, the car came in an all-red or blue body color. It also came with a host of options including shock absorbers with sports spring sets, strut bars for the front and rear, mechanical LSD, enhanced air filter and a stainless steel and ceramic muffler. It also came with its own brand of alloy wheels as opposed to the production's steel wheels.

M2 1015
For 1994, There was also the M2 1015 by M2 Incorporated. The most distinguishing part of the car is the front fog lights incorporated into the bonnet, and the all-new front bumper and rear spoiler. The car came in three different colours: white, black and silver. Like the Mazdaspeed version, the car was painted entirely in a single color.

Originally, only fifty units were to be produced by M2, then sold through Autozam dealers. They were so popular, production continued and estimates of between 300-350 were ultimately sold. A genuine "M2 1015" can be identified by the rear emblem stating the version name. More details can be found in “M2 Voice” (linked below)

Suzuki Cara

 * See Suzuki Cara in Japanese Wikipedia

The AZ-1 was also sold by Suzuki as the Cara, with only minor detail changes including the addition of fog lamps.

title: Autozam AZ-1


text:
Autozam Clef

The Autozam Clef is a mid-size sedan that was sold by Autozam from 1992 until 1994.

It shared Mazda's GE platform with cars like the ɛ̃fini MS-6 and Mazda MX-6 coupe. The word "clef" is a musical notation, and Mazda chose it to signify that the Clef was meant to serve as a reference point by which other Autozam products would become to be known or regarded as. The Clef was mechanically related to the Mazda Cronos, but featured different bodywork, and rear side window designs. The Clef had the same width dimensions as the Mazda Cronos which shared the 2.5 L V6 engine. The width, length, and engine displacement dimensions have particular significance in Japan, due to dimension regulations, where Japanese consumers pay an additional annual tax for larger vehicles, and also had implications as to how much the annual road tax obligation will be.

As the Clef was the top level sedan at Autozam, which was introduced as a retailer of entry level products to Japanese consumers, the width dimension presented an issue in that buyers in Japan were liable for yearly taxes, and because the Clef was largely identical to other Mazda GE platform cars, Japanese buyers who were willing to pay extra taxes for a wide car from Mazda had many choices and the Clef wasn't usually the first choice.

Of all Autozam products sold at the time, only the Clef exceeded the width dimension stipulation; other Autozam products were either kei class vehicles or supermini products.

title: Autozam Clef


text:
User talk:Togelius

Proposed deletion of Georgios N. Yannakakis

The article Georgios N. Yannakakis has been proposed for deletion because under Wikipedia policy, all biographies of living persons created after March 18, 2010, must have at least one source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't take offense. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners or ask at Help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can request that it be undeleted when you are ready to add one. Malcolma (talk) 08:23, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Translation Update
I want to thank you for your help translating throughout this year's fundraiser. The fundraiser has greatly benefited from all your contributions. Currently, the Kartika, Liliaroja, Abbas and Joan Gomà appeals need to be translated, as we are running appeals from editors. You can find all translation requests at the translation hub on meta and you can follow the progress of the fundraiser in real time by tracking the fundraiser statistics. It is important to check the Core Messages as many languages still need updating. Also if you haven't already, you can subscribe to the translators-l mailing list for all new requests and major changes. Many thanks for your help in truly making this a global fundraiser that you can edit.Klyman (talk) 18:56, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Thank you Julian!
I would like to thank you for all of your help translating and organizing translators during this fundraiser. Every time I sent out a request, the translation was completed in record time. Your collaboration was paramount to the success of the campaign and personally, made my job a very pleasant one. I wish you well in the year ahead and hope our paths cross again.Klyman (talk) 18:31, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Julian. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Julian~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Nomination of Owen Holland (academic) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Owen Holland (academic) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Owen Holland (academic) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boleyn (talk) 16:01, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Togelius


text:
User talk:Cover2

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title: User talk:Cover2


text:
.357 Remington Maximum

The .357 Maximum, formally known as the .357 Remington Maximum or the .357 Max, is a super magnum handgun cartridge originally developed by Elgin Gates as the wildcat .357 SuperMag. The .357 Maximum was introduced into commercial production as a joint-venture by Remington Arms Company and Ruger in 1983 as a new chambering for the Ruger Blackhawk. Shortly thereafter, Dan Wesson Firearms and Thompson/Center Arms introduced firearms in this cartridge. United Sporting Arms chambered it in their Silhouette series single-action revolvers. It is a .357 Magnum case lengthened 0.300 in. Based on the .357 Magnum cartridge, a revolver or single-shot pistol designed for the .357 Remington Maximum will chamber and fire the .360 Dan Wesson, .357 Magnum, .38 Special, .38 Long Colt, and .38 Short Colt cartridges. Intended primarily as a silhouette cartridge, such high velocity and energy levels have hunting applications. SAAMI pressure level for this cartridge is set at 40000 psi.

Despite the cartridge's good performance, the higher pressure and velocity caused flame cutting to the top strap and erosion of the forcing cone, due to the use of light 110 and 125 gr bullets, therefore it has since been dropped by all manufacturers who chambered revolvers in this cartridge. Single shot pistols and rifles (i.e. Thompson/Center Contender) are still available in this caliber, and remain popular among handloaders. Unprimed brass is still produced every few years by Remington, and is also a stock item from Starline.

Legacy
Guns designed for the .357 Maximum were built on a larger frame than their predecessors. Although Ruger only made about 7,700 Blackhawks chambered in .357 Maximum, the frame size has been used as a base gun to build bigger revolvers in .375 SuperMag, .414 SuperMag, .445 SuperMag, .475 Linebaugh Long/Maximum, and .500 Linebaugh Long/Maximum.

In the movie, Flypaper (2011), Wyatt "Jelly" Jenkins (Pruitt Taylor Vince) uses a Dan Wesson Model 40 VH which is chambered in .357 Remington Maximum as his main sidearm, for the majority of the film.

title: .357 Remington Maximum


text:
9×23mm Largo

The 9×23mm Largo  (9mm Largo, 9mm Bergmann–Bayard, 9mm Bayard Long) centerfire pistol cartridge was developed in 1901 for the Bergmann Mars pistol.

Description and history
The round was considered powerful for the day, producing a muzzle energy of between 330 and 430 ftlb-f depending on the loading. A number of small changes to the Mars and the cartridge were made and the pistol that resulted was called the "Bergmann–Bayard 1903".

This pistol was adopted by the Spanish army in 1905 as the "Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1903". Unable to find a German manufacturer to complete the Spanish order for 3,000 pistols, Theodor Bergmann turned to a Belgian manufacturer, Anciens Etablissements Pieper (who used the trademark "Bayard"), to complete the order. The final pistol, modified by AEP, was known as the "Bergmann Bayard 1908", or in Spain as the "Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1908". Although adopted in 1908 first deliveries did not take place until two years later. Meanwhile, other manufacturers such as Campo-Giro had adopted the 9mm Bergmann–Bayard round and, due to its long history of use in Spanish submachine guns, carbines and pistols, today it is most commonly known as the "9mm Largo".

At the same time the Bergmann–Bayard model 1910 semi-automatic pistol was adopted by the Danish military and remained in production until 1935.

The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case. With 125 gr jacketed projectiles, the muzzle energy is 336 foot pounds, slightly lower than a standard-pressure 9×19mm Luger. Compared to the 9×19mm Luger +P, performance is also lower but at lower pressure in the 9×23mm Largo. While external dimensions are almost identical, the 9×23mm Largo is a very different cartridge from the modern, high-performance 9×23mm Winchester. Firing the thicker-walled 9×23mm Winchester round in a 9×23mm Largo pistol is dangerous, as old 9mm Largo pistols cannot handle the pressure generated by the 9×23mm Winchester. Performance is similar to the contemporary 9×23mm Steyr, but the cartridges were developed independently and their dimensions are just different enough to render them non-interchangeable.

Firearms chambered for 9mm Largo
Anciens Establissements Pieper (AEP)

 * Bergmann Mars (1901)
 * Pistola Bergmann–Bayard de 9mm modelo 1903
 * Pistola Bergmann–Bayard de 9mm modelo 1908
 * Bergmann–Bayard M1910
 * Bergmann–Bayard M1910/21

Berthodl Geipel’s Erfurter Maschinenfabrik

Astra-Unceta y Cia SA
 * VMP(Vollmer) EMP/MPE Erma submachine gun, Spanish made copy called m41/44.

 * Esperanza y Unceta Campo-Giro Modelo 1912, 1913, 1913–16
 * Esperanza y Unceta Astra 400 (Modelo 1921), 1921–1926
 * Unceta y Compania Astra 400 (Modelo 1921), 1926–1945 or 1946
 * Astra Model F (selective fire 'broomhandle' type pistol) 1934–1935
 * Astra A-80
 * Astra Custom SPS (IPSC racegun) 1996–?

Arrizabalaga

 * Arrizabalaga Sharp-Shooter
 * Arrizabalaga JO.LO.AR., 1924–?

CETME

 * A.D.S.A. Model 1953 submachine gun 1953–?
 * CETME C2 submachine gun

Comissió d'Industries de Guerra (CIG)

 * Pistol Isard Isard Pistol

Destroyer carbine and similar 9mm Largo carbines

 * Ayra Duria et al.
 * Jose Luis Maquibar
 * Onena Carbine
 * Ignacio Zubillaga

Fábrica de Armas, A Coruña

 * Modelo 1941/44 submachine gun (copy of the Vollmer Erma in 9mm Largo) 1941 – mid 1950s
 * Copy of the Bergmann MP28 in 9mm Largo
 * "No maker" Astra 400 (Modelo 1921), 1938–1940s

Fontbernat

 * Labora Fontbernat M-1938 submachine gun

Llama

 * Gabilondo Llama Modelo IV
 * Gabilondo Llama Modelo V
 * Gabilondo Llama Modelo VII
 * Gabilondo Llama Modelo VIII
 * Gabilondo Llama Modelo Extra

Parinco

 * Model 3R submachine gun 1959–?

Republica Española

 * "Naranjero" submachine gun (Modified Bergmann MP28)
 * RE (Republica Española) made Astra 400 (Modelo 1921), 1936–1939
 * Pistol F. Ascaso 1937–1939

Star Bonifacio Echeverria

 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo Militar 1920, 1920–1921
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo Militar 1921, 1921 only
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo Militar 1922, 1922–1931
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo A (early w/flat backstrap), 1924–1931
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo A (late w/1911 Colt-style backstrap),1931–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo M (slightly larger than A), 1931–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo MD (M w/selective fire), 1931–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo Super-A (A w/quick takedown), 1946–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo Super-M (M w/quick takedown), 1946–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo AS (A w/magazine safety, quick takedown, loaded chamber indicator), 1956–1983
 * Bonifacio Echeverria Star Modelo MS (M w/quick takedown, loaded chamber indicator), 1956–1983
 * Star Model Z-45 Submachine gun
 * Model Z-62 submachine gun

title: 9×23mm Largo


text:
King Street

King Street may refer to:

Australia

 * King Street, Melbourne, Victoria
 * King Street, Newtown, New South Wales
 * King Street, Perth, Western Australia
 * King Street, Sydney, New South Wales

Canada

 * King Street, Toronto, Ontario
 * King Street, Hamilton, Ontario
 * King Street, Dundas, Hamilton, Ontario
 * King Street, Waterloo, Ontario
 * King Street, Bowmannville, Ontario

Channel Islands

 * King Street, Saint Helier, Jersey

United Kingdom

 * King Street, Bristol, England
 * King Street, Cambridge, England
 * King Street, Ipswich, Suffolk, England
 * King Street, London, City of London, England
 * King Street, Hammersmith, London, England
 * King Street, St James's, London, England
 * King Street, Manchester, England
 * King Street (Roman road), in eastern England
 * King Street, Aberdeen, Scotland
 * King Street, Kilmarnock, Scotland

United States

 * King Street District, Jacksonville, Florida
 * State Street (Boston), Massachusetts, known as King Street between 1708 and 1784
 * King Street (Alexandria, Virginia)

Other uses

 * King Street, Essex, a hamlet in England
 * King Street Gaol (1798), in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * King Street Gaol (1824), in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * King Street Wharf, a former maritime industrial area in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia

title: King Street


text:
User talk:Sivaraj

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Welcome!

Hi, and welcome to the WikiProject Dravidian civilizations! As you may have guessed, we're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Dravidian related topics. A few features that you might find helpful: There are a variety of interesting things to do within the project; you're free to participate however much—or little—you like: If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to any experienced member of the project, and we'll be happy to help you. Again, welcome! We look forward to seeing you around! Wiki Raja 19:21, 1 September 2007 (UTC) Thanks for adding the Malayalam font. For some odd reason, the Malayalam font doesn't seem to work on certain computers. Some days it works, and other days it comes up showing a bunch of question marks. Is there a way to correct this? Wiki Raja 19:26, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
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RE: Regarding Malayalam font
Raja, I am not familiar with Malayalam script. I just cut and pasted from the Malayalam wikipedia. Anyway, I haven't noticed the problem you mentioned before. Let me watch for some time and see if I also see that problem. My guess is, it is something to do with your local system. --Sivaraj 06:53, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks.Wiki Raja 16:31, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

E-Mail communication
Hi,

I was wondering if you could create an e-mail where I can get in touch regarding our WikiProject and future developments. Regards. Wiki Raja 20:41, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Our new banner!
Wiki Raja 23:19, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Greetings in Telugu
Hi,

I have heard that in Malayalam greetings it is Namaskaram or Namaskaramu which are both from Sanskrit. Is there an original Telugu version for greetings? Wiki Raja 01:42, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

You're Invited!
Wiki Raja (talk) 08:38, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Mahabharata character
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karthik
pleace call me  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.201.9.203 (talk) 08:01, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Infoworld Bossie Awards

The article Infoworld Bossie Awards has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No indication that these are notable awards (WP:N).

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Reference errors on 28 January
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Ways to improve Ajayan Bala
Hi, I'm Atlantic306. Sivaraj, thanks for creating Ajayan Bala!

I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. Hi, blogspot, imdb and amazon are unreliable sources and need to be replaced by better reliable sources, thanks Atlantic306 (talk) 18:33, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse.

Copyright violation
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Deletion discussion about Cable Sankar
Hello, Sivaraj,

I wanted to let you know that there's a discussion about whether Cable Sankar should be deleted. Your comments are welcome at Articles for deletion/Cable Sankar.

If you're new to the process, articles for deletion is a group discussion (not a vote!) that usually lasts seven days. If you need it, there is a guide on how to contribute. Last but not least, you are highly encouraged to continue improving the article; just be sure not to remove the tag about the deletion nomination from the top.

Thanks,

Elmidae (talk · contribs) 19:33, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

Critical response
Hi there, re: this, please avoid editorialising in articles in the future. We are not critical response aggregators; it's not our job to decide whether a film received positive response or mixed response or negative response. Those opinions should be directly attributed to specific reliable voices. After all, it would be easy for us to add unconscious bias to an article if we cherrypicked favourable reviews of a film we liked, and then summarised that selection favourably. Or if we happened up on an article where some marketing team cherrypicked positive reviews, and then we attempted to summarise that selection as positive. Also you should note that most quality film articles do not rely on star ratings, they rely on prose that analyses the critical response and finds what some reviewers liked and didn't like. See this for example. Thanks, Cyphoidbomb (talk) 16:25, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

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Nomination of Sharanya Pradeep for deletion
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title: User talk:Sivaraj


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User talk:Mn extra

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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text:
Talk:Central Hawke's Bay District

Untitled
How does one insert index items for search terms? People looking for Central Hawke's Bay are more likely to search for "central hawkes bay" or "Central Hawkes Bay" than "Central Hawke's Bay District".

Can anyone confirm that the content on this article is taken from the CENTRAL HAWKE'S BAY DISTRICT COUNCIL website with permission ? It reads word for word from http://www.chbdc.govt.nz/about_CHB/population/ and could be a copyvio. --Nickj69 19:40, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

I work for the Central Hawke's Bay District Council and confirm there is no copyright violation. The original text is from a 1998 document on Central Hawke's Bay and employment written by Lisa Metcalfe in her role as Local Employment Co-ordinator. Lisa Metcalfe holds the copyright and gives permission for its use on the CHB District Council site and on this site. Thrashcardiom 23:50, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Territorial Authority

Central Hawke's Bay is not a territorial authority. It is a district which happens to be administered by a territorial authority known as Central Hawke's Bay District Council.

Population Estimate The population estimate on the page seems to be wildly out of whack with reality. The 2006 census, the best estimate of population, has the population at 12,954 which is an increase of only 126 over the 2001 census. Should the page revert back to the official 2006 census figure? Thrash Cardiom (talk) 18:49, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central Hawke's Bay District


text:
User:KnightsHFU

REMEMBER NIKOLETTE HARRIS
(non-NJ/OR)

Subpages
/Sandbox

title: User:KnightsHFU


text:
.38 S&W

The .38 S&W, also commonly known as .38 S&W Short (referred to as such to differentiate it from .38 Long Colt and .38 Special), 9×20mmR, .38 Colt NP (New Police), or .38/200, is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson in 1877. Versions of the cartridge were the standard revolver cartridges of the British military from 1922 to 1963. Though similar in name, it is not interchangeable with the later .38 Special due to a different case shape and slightly larger bullet diameter.

History
The round was first introduced in 1877 for use in the S&W .38 Single Action. As standard for the era, it featured heeled bullet with the same diameter of bullet and case neck equal to .38 inch; later versions discarded the feature and downsized the bullet, but the designation did not change.

After World War I, the British military sought to replace pre-war revolvers with easier-to-handle weapons. Webley demonstrated a lighter version of their Mk III revolver with modified .38 S&W ammunition, firing a heavy 200 gr bullet. It received favorable reports, and the revolver was accepted in principle.

As Webley had used the .38 S&W cartridge dimensions for their revolver, and the cartridge length was fixed by the size of the cylinder of the revolver (the same as for the wider .455), Kynoch produced a cartridge with the same dimensions as the .38 S&W but with 2.8 grains (0.18 g) of "Neonite" nitrocellulose powder and a 200 grain (13.0 g) bullet. In tests performed on cadavers and live animals, it was found that the lead bullet, being overly long and heavy for its calibre, become unstable after penetrating the target, somewhat increasing target effect. The relatively low velocity allowed all of the energy of the cartridge to be spent inside the human target, rather than the bullet passing through. This was deemed satisfactory and the design for the cartridge was accepted as the ".38/200 Cartridge, Revolver Mk I".

After a period of service, it was realized that the 200 gr soft lead bullet could arguably contravene the Hague Conventions, which outlawed the use of bullets designed so as to "expand or flatten easily in the human body". A new cartridge was therefore adopted as "Cartridge, Pistol, .380 Mk II" or ".380 Mk IIz", firing a 180 gr (11.7 g) full metal jacket bullet. The .38/200 Mk I loading was retained in service for marksmanship and training purposes. However, after the outbreak of war, supply exigencies and the need to order readily available and compatible ammunition, such as the .38 S&W Super Police, from U.S. sources forced British authorities to issue both the .38/200 Mk I and MkII/IIz cartridges interchangeably to forces deploying for combat.

The Cartridge S.A. Ball Revolver .380 inch Mark II and Cartridge S.A. Ball Revolver .380 inch Mark IIz cartridge were theoretically phased out of British service in 1963, when the 9×19mm semi-automatic Browning Hi-Power pistol was finally issued to most British and Commonwealth forces.

Variants
The .38 Colt New Police was Colt's Manufacturing Company's proprietary name for what was essentially the .38 S&W with a flat-nosed bullet.

The U.S. .38 S&W Super Police cartridge was nearly identical to the British .38/200 Mk I, using a 200 gr lead alloy bullet with a muzzle velocity of 630 ft/s and a muzzle energy of 176 ftlbf, and was supplied by several U.S. manufacturers to the British government as equivalent to the Mk I loading.

MKE 9.65 mm Normal (9.2×23mmR (.38 Smith & Wesson)) cartridge has a 177 gr lead-antimony alloy bullet with a gilding-metal full metal jacket and a Boxer-primed brass case. The "normal" designation differentiates it from their 9.65mm Special (9.1×29mmR (.38 Special)) round. It uses the 9.65mm (.38-caliber) nominal bore rather than its 9.2mm (.361-caliber) actual bore. It has a muzzle velocity of 590 ft/s.

Current status
The .380 Mk IIz is still produced by the Ordnance Factory Board in India, for use in revolvers. Commercially, only Ruger makes limited runs of revolvers in this caliber for overseas sales, and only a few companies still manufacture ammunition. Most of those that do so offer it in only a 145 gr lead round-nose bullet, though Fiocchi still markets full metal jacket bullet rounds. Some companies, such as Buffalo Bore, manufacture several different types of ammunition for self-defense and/or hunting.

title: .38 S&W


text:
User talk:KnightsHFU

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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God

 * Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia. However, before adding content, it is best to check the talk page to make sure that the information has not already been discussed.  Your changes to the article God have been reverted. Danny Lilithborne 20:22, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Userbox Public Transit
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GraalPeeps
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Userbox Replacement Proposal
Reasons: Hopelessly POV. Does not apply to this user in any way, shape, or form; utterly redundant.

Suggestions:

Proposed by: someone who doesn't hate you!.

Supported by: Everyone at !

— E  ditor at L arge  ( speak )  17:36, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject LGBT studies
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title: User talk:KnightsHFU


text:
New Street, Birmingham

New Street is a street in central Birmingham, England. It is one of the city's principal thoroughfares and shopping streets linking Victoria Square to the Bullring Shopping Centre. It gives its name to New Street railway station, although the station has never had direct access to New Street except via Stephenson Place and latterly Grand Central shopping centre.

History
New Street is first mentioned as novus vicus in the surviving borough rental records of 1296, at which point it was partly built upon with burgage plots, but was also the site of most of the few open fields remaining within the borough, including Barlycroft, Stoctonesfeld and Wodegrene. It is mentioned again, this time as le Newestret in the rentals of 1344–45. The street may have been created at the time of the establishment of Birmingham's market in 1166, as a more direct route from the centre of the new town at the Bull Ring to the home of the de Birmingham family's feudal overlords at Dudley Castle.

The street underwent large development during the 18th and 19th century and in an 1840s guide, shortly after the building of the Town Hall it is described as "the Bond Street of Birmingham; what with its glittering array of shops, its inns; its fine Elizabethan School, its School of Arts, its Theatre, its Post-office, it gives the tone to that part of the town."

In 1974, the Birmingham pub bombings took place in two pubs on New Street; one inside King Edward House, the other under the Rotunda. A total of 21 people died as a result of their injuries in these blasts.

Lost buildings

 * Free Grammar School, originally the Guild of the Holy Cross. Rebuilt twice on this site and then moved to Edgbaston in 1939 resulting in the demolition of the Charles Barry building.
 * The Hen and Chickens Inn (1798, James Wyatt), which was replaced by King Edward VI High School for Girls (1896, J. A. Chatwin), also demolished and moved to Edgbaston.
 * The Theatre Royal (1774–1956), which had been rebuilt twice following fires. A portico, designed by Samuel Wyatt following a recommendation by Matthew Boulton, was added in 1780.
 * The Birmingham Society of Artists, which had a prominent Greek Doric portico jutting into the street (1829, Thomas Rickman) (Demolished, rebuilt in a more conventional style, 1822. Royal Birmingham Society of Artists subsequently moved to near St Paul's Square)
 * Christ Church, 1805–1899, a church located in what is now Victoria Square.
 * Colonnade Hotel, a conglomerate of buildings some of which remain. Many have been demolished.
 * Museum or Bazaar, a building containing art and curiosities owned by James Bisset and visited by Horatio Nelson in 1802.
 * Warwick House, Birmingham's first department store.
 * The Exchange - prominent commercial building which faced onto both New Street and Stephenson Place. It was opened in 1865, and demolished exactly a century later in 1965.

Today
Victoria Square, containing Birmingham Town Hall, the old Post Office building, and Antony Gormley's Iron: Man, is at the western end. The Bull Ring and High Street shopping areas and the Rotunda are at the eastern end.

New Street today is mostly pedestrianised, although commercial vehicles are still permitted to enter. It is a popular shopping area which provides a busy link from Corporation Street to the Bullring Shopping Centre and the High Street. It has many well known retailers including; JD Sports, Adidas, Jack Wills, Tesco Metro, Boots and various other stores. Restaurants include Bella Italia, Café Rouge, Pizza Hut, Pret a Manger, Eat and Starbucks.

Many of the city's Banks are located up New Street including; Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds Bank, NatWest, HSBC and Santander.

A farmers' market occurs on the first and third Wednesday of each month. Every Christmas a Frankfurt market is held on the street and in Victoria Square, its wooden huts selling items such as jewellery, ornaments, clothing and German food.

Bennetts Hill, notable as the birthplace of the artist, Edward Burne-Jones, runs off New Street roughly in the direction of St Philip's Cathedral.

The Burlington Hotel, formerly known as the Midland Hotel, is located next to an Apple Store, which occupies the former grade II listed Midland Bank building, designed by Edward Holmes and built between 1867 and 1869. In 1875, a five-storey extension of offices was added to the building. The Burlington Arcade, the front area to the Burlington Hotel, underwent a renovation under the design of Malcolm Payne architects who designed a glass roof to cover the area which was once known as Burlington Passage. The lettering of the Midland Hotel is still visible however on the rear of the building fronting Stephenson Street. This was the building where Enoch Powell delivered his controversial 1968 Rivers of Blood speech regarding Commonwealth immigrants.

title: New Street, Birmingham