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Brown booby

The brown booby (Sula leucogaster) is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious brown booby commutes and forages at low height over inshore waters. Flocks plunge-dive to take small fish, especially when these are driven near the surface by their predators. They nest only on the ground, and roost on solid objects rather than the water surface.

Taxonomy
The brown booby was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1781. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Buffon did not include a scientific name with his description but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Pelecanus leucogaster in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The type locality is Cayenne in French Guiana. The current genus Sula was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The word Sula is Norwegian for a gannet; the specific leucogaster is from Ancient Greek leuko for "white" and gastēr for "belly".

There are four recognised subspecies:
 * S. l. leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) – Caribbean and Atlantic Islands
 * S. l. brewsteri Nathaniel Stickney Goss, 1888 – Pacific coasts of USA and Mexico
 * S. l. etesiaca Thayer & Bangs, 1905 – Pacific coasts of Central America and Colombia
 * S. l. plotus (Forster, JR, 1844) – Red Sea through the Indian Ocean to the west and central Pacific

Description
The booby's head and upper body (back) is covered in dark brown to blackish plumage, with the remainder (belly) being a contrasting white. The bare-part colours vary geographically, but not seasonally. The species also displays sexual dimorphism of the bare part colours, the males having a blue orbital ring, as opposed to the yellow orbital ring of the female. In addition the male of subspecies S. l. brewsteri is distinctly plumaged in having the forehead, forecrown and chin white, merging to a greyish brown neck and breast.

The female booby reaches about 80 cm in length, her wingspan measures up to 150 cm, and she can weigh up to 1300 g. The male booby reaches about 75 cm in length, his wingspan measures up to 140 cm, and he can weigh up to 1000 g.

Unlike other species of sulid, the juvenile plumage already resembles that of the adult. They are gray-brown with darkening on the head, upper surfaces of the wings and tail, while the lower breast and underpart plumages are heavily flecked brown on white. Juveniles of subspecies S. l. brewsteri are once again distinct in having the underpart plumage more evenly mouse brown.

Their beaks are quite sharp and contain many jagged edges. They have fairly short wings resulting in a fast flap rate, but long, tapered tails. While these birds are typically silent, bird watchers have reported occasional sounds similar to grunting or quacking.

Ecology
This species breeds on islands and coasts in the pantropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They frequent the breeding grounds of the islands in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. With the rise in pollution in the world, brown boobies have been using marine debris to make their nests, with 90.1 percent of these nest were consisted of plastic, while nests near shipwreck have a high percentage of the wreckage debris. This bird nests in large colonies, laying two chalky blue eggs on the ground in a mound of broken shells and vegetation, but usually raises just one chick, the second one to hatch being unable to compete for food with its older sibling, or even ejected from the nest by it. It winters at sea over a wider area.

Brown booby pairs may remain together over several seasons. They perform elaborate greeting rituals, and are also spectacular divers, plunging into the ocean at high speed. They eat mainly small fish (such as flying fish, mullet, halfbeaks, anchovies, goatfish, crowned squirrelfish and Indian mackerel ), squid (including the family Ommastrephidae) or shrimp which gather in groups near the surface and may catch leaping fish while skimming the surface. Along with plunge-diving, some fledglings and some adults practice kleptoparasitism, where they steal prey from other seabirds. For example, brown boobies have been observed stealing prey from great frigatebirds as they transfer food to their young. Although they are powerful and agile fliers, they are particularly clumsy in takeoffs and landings; they use strong winds and high perches to assist their takeoffs.

title: Brown booby


text: File:Godsend poster.JPG

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Godsend poster.JPG


text:
Godsend (2004 film)

Godsend is a 2004 psychological horror thriller film starring Greg Kinnear, Rebecca Romijn, and Robert De Niro, and directed by Nick Hamm from a screenplay by Mark Bomback. It follows a couple (Kinnear and Romijn) who are approached by an enigmatic doctor (De Niro) who offers to clone their deceased son. It received generally negative reviews from critics.

Plot
Paul and Jessie Duncan are a happily married couple who have an eight-year-old son named Adam. The day after his eighth birthday, when fetching a basketball into the street, Adam is killed in a collision. While leaving a church, Jessie and Paul are confronted by Dr. Richard Wells, an old professor of Jessie's. He offers to clone Adam, an illegal procedure which would require a change of location and identity, to which the Duncans reluctantly agree. Everything appears to be fine with the new Adam until he reaches his eighth birthday. That night, he experiences a violent nightmare. Richard explains to Paul that it is typical for boys his age to have night terrors, and that it is not serious. He explains that because Adam II has reached the age at which the original Adam died, his life cannot be predicted anymore. From that moment on, Adam II continues to have night terrors until they become visions and he starts having them while he is wide awake, losing control of his actions.

Adam's visions are recurrent: he witnesses a boy named Zachary walking around in a school building while being laughed at by other children. These images alternate with images of the school burning, and children screaming, and the image of an unidentified woman being attacked and killed with a hammer. Adam's visions affect his daytime personality, making him bitter, delinquent, and uncooperative. Adam begins to bully another boy that goes to his school. One night at dinner, Jessie receives a telephone call from the parent of that child, distressed that her child is missing. Jessie tells Paul, who then asks what Adam was doing that day. Adam says that he was at the river playing. When Paul asks who he was playing with, Adam responds that he is "not supposed to say". The next day, as the Duncans are driving on their way home over a bridge, they are slowed by a police officer. They walk to the side of the bridge to see the woman who had telephoned about her missing child the previous night, screaming at the sight of her son being retrieved by paramedics from a river where he had drowned. Paul believes Adam was involved with the child's death.

With the help of Richard, Paul examines Adam and talks to him about his visions. He finally finds out that the school in Adam's visions is called Saint Pius and that Zachary's last name is Clark. With this information, Paul is able to track down the child's address and find a former nanny of Zachary. The nanny informs Paul that Zachary was deeply disturbed. He was bullied at school tremendously, and in the wake of his emotions, set fire to the school. When he returned home Zachary killed his mother with a hammer before setting fire to their house, where he burned along with his mother’s body. When he asks the nanny, Paul learns that Zachary's father was a geneticist—enough information to uncover that this man was none other than Richard Wells, living now under a false identity. Through the operation to clone Adam, Richard had secretly mixed Adam's DNA with that of Zachary (as the fire damaged Zachary's DNA to where it could not be cloned without the assistance of other living cells) with the hope of bringing his own son back to life, and then kidnapping him. The operation did not yield a complete success. After arguing with Richard and learning what has caused Adam's erratic behavior, Paul races home. He finds Adam and Jessie in the shed in the woods. He has arrived just in time to stop Adam (with Zachary's personality in control) from killing Jessie with a hammer, in nearly the same way as Zachary had killed his mother. Adam's personality manages to regain control, and everything seems to be okay.

In an attempt to shake the psychological transitions from Adam to Zachary, the Duncans escape from Richard and move to a different neighborhood. All seems well. Adam is friendly and happy, but as he is left alone in his room, Adam hears a noise in the closet. When he opens the closet door, a slightly burnt and decayed arm wearing Zachary’s jersey, reaches out from the darkness of the closet and pulls Adam in. Paul comes back to check on Adam and looks in the closet, but he does not see anyone. Adam then appears from behind and shocks Paul by touching him, indicating that Zachary has regained control.

Cast

 * Greg Kinnear as Paul Duncan
 * Rebecca Romijn as Jessie Duncan
 * Robert De Niro as Richard Wells
 * Cameron Bright as Adam Duncan
 * Janet Bailey as Cora Williams
 * Christopher Britton as Dr. Lieber
 * Jake Simons as Dan Sandler
 * Elle Downs as Clara Sandler
 * Zoie Palmer as Susan Pierce
 * Devon Bostick as Zachary Clark Wells
 * Munro Chambers as Max Shaw

Production
In October 2001, it was announced Nick Hamm had been hired to direct Godsend. In September 2002, Robert De Niro was cast.

The filmmakers included a scene from the 1977 Robert Wise film, Audrey Rose, a film with a similar plot. This scene was included in one of the night terrors.

Marketing
As a part of the film's promotional campaign, Lions Gate set up a website for the fictional Godsend Institute in the film, which claimed to be able to resurrect the dead. Lions Gate changed the website to inform people that it was only an advertisement, due to the large number of inquiries asking if they really resurrect dead family members.

Critical response
The film was poorly received by critics, receiving only 4% based on 138 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, and is noted for implausible plot devices.

Metacritic gave the film 24% based on 32 reviews by select critics, judging that it has received generally unfavorable reviews.

Roger Ebert awarded the film two out of four stars. Leonard Maltin awarded the film two and a half stars.

Box office
The film made $6,800,617 in its opening weekend, ranking at #4. It went on to earn $14,379,751 domestically and $30,114,487 worldwide, against a budget of $25 million.

title: Godsend (2004 film)


text:
User:Ta bu shi da yu/Focus article

This page currently informs people the article on Wikipedia I am focusing on. I will usually be focusing on articles about Sydney, mainly because I started the Sydney WikiProject and at one point was the de-facto administrator of the project (no longer).

Please note that just because I'm researching for the article does not mean you cannot edit the article! The only thing I ask is that if you have knowledge then I'd appreciate it if you'd cite where you're getting your information from! (see Cite your sources) Who knows? I'd probably find that reference extremely useful :-)

Current focus article
I'm currently focusing on.

Past focus articles
Articles in bold have become featured articles. Articles in bold italics have been displayed on the main page.
 * Municipality of Strathfield
 * Exploding whale
 * Btrieve
 * Architecture of Btrieve
 * Common Unix Printing System (defeatured due to need for improved referencing, however it did hit the main page)
 * Windows XP
 * Katoomba Christian Convention (never started, regrettably)
 * Windows 2000
 * Architecture of Windows 2000
 * Cyclone Tracy (defeatured, but did get the main page)
 * Microsoft Data Access Components
 * Microsoft Jet Database Engine
 * USA PATRIOT Act (ongoing, have barely edited this article, except to remove stupid comparisons with Nazi Germany laws...)
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title I
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title II
 * Detailed breakdown of the USA PATRIOT Act, Title II - spinoff article!
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title III
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title III, Subtitle A
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title III, Subtitle B
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title IV
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title V
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title VI
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title VII
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title VIII
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title IX
 * USA PATRIOT Act, Title X - to come back to it later

title: User:Ta bu shi da yu/Focus article


text:
Yukiko Iwai (voice actress)

Yukiko Iwai (岩居 由希子) is a Japanese voice actress who is best known for her voice role as Ayumi Yoshida in Detective Conan. She was born in Chiba.

1995

 * Ping Pong Club - Junko Hoshino
 * Saint Tail - female student (ep 5); first year girl A (ep 11)

1996

 * Detective Conan - Ayumi Yoshida
 * Brave Command Dagwon - Woman

1997

 * Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo - Chie Hirashima/Keiko Horiguchi/Yuu Tokihara
 * Manmaru the Ninja Penguin - Harigawa

2001

 * The SoulTaker - Kasumi Shiina

2002

 * GetBackers - Kakei Sakura

2003

 * Mujin Wakusei Survive - Luna

2004

 * Ragnarok the Animation - Hana Tsukiyo
 * Tsuki wa Higashi ni Hi wa Nishi ni: Operation Sanctuary - Kyouko Nishina
 * Girls Bravo - Nanae-Kuh-Haruka

2005

 * Kotenkotenko - Bagworm

2006

 * Going Wild - Monta
 * Gift - eternal rainbow - Nami Rio
 * Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple - Makoto Himeno

2007

 * Double Duty Nurses - Shinohara Kaname

2008

 * Hakken Taiken Daisuki! Shimajirō - Rit-chan
 * Clannad After Story - Teacher (ep 23)

2011

 * Doraemon - Girl

title: Yukiko Iwai (voice actress)


text:
Talk:Ismail of Johor

On 28th August 2004 Wolfman removed the following remark from the article on Sultan Ismail: (rv "fat" -- assume POV intent given anon ip's recent edit history and vandalism warnings)

I would like to comment that the remark is NOT vandalism  as I have seen pictures of the late ruler and he is INDEED FAT as described by the anonymous user.

Paragraph repealed
I repealed the following paragraph:

"After the death of his mother, however, it was rumoured that the Raja Muda, the future Sultan Iskandar, went around Johor to slap people who did not wear a black band on their sleeves or white band on their songkoks, a sign of respect for the royal deceased."

From what my Johorean friends mentioned, I was aware of this incident as I was working in Johor at the time of the incident. Nevertheless, however tempted we want to put up facts, I would encourage that we can cite credible sources--books or newspapers--as per Reliable sources. Until then, however tempting I cannot put it up. Even then, this would be more relevant for Sultan Iskandar of Johor given that he supposedly did the deed. Mr Tan (talk) 06:54, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Lau Sultan phrase

 * Found. Mr Tan (talk) 07:53, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ismail of Johor


text: Talk:List of minor planets: 1001–2000

title: Talk:List of minor planets: 1001–2000


text:
Tommy Handley

Thomas Reginald Handley (17 January 1892 – 9 January 1949) was an English comedian, best known for the BBC radio programme It's That Man Again ("ITMA") which ran between 1939 and 1949.

Born in Liverpool, Lancashire, Handley went on the stage in his teens and after military service in the First World War he established himself as a comedian and singer on the music hall circuit. He became nationally known as a pioneer broadcaster. From 1924 onwards he was frequently heard on BBC variety programmes as a solo entertainer and an actor in sketches. In the 1930s Handley frequently performed on air with the comedian Ronald Frankau in a popular comedy act as "Mr Murgatroyd and Mr Winterbottom".

Handley's greatest success came in 1939 with the BBC radio comedy show It's That Man Again, which, after an uncertain start, caught the British public's imagination and reached an unprecedentedly large audience. He starred as the good-natured, fast-talking anchor-man around whom a cast of eccentric comic characters revolved. The show was credited for its important part in keeping up morale in Britain during the Second World War.

Handley died suddenly in 1949, and ITMA died with him.

Early years
Handley was born at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, on 17 January 1892, the son of John Handley and his wife, Sarah Ann, née Pearson. John Handley, who is believed to have run a dairy business, died while Tommy was a baby. After leaving school Handley earned his living as a salesman, but developed a reputation as an amateur singer. He was determined to go into show business and became a professional singer in 1916. He toured briefly in the operetta The Maid of the Mountains, before being called up in 1917 into the Royal Naval Air Service. During the last two years of the First World War, he served in a kite balloon section and subsequently in a concert party entertaining the troops.

After the war, Handley auditioned for the impresario Rupert D'Oyly Carte, and impressed him with his performance of the Major-General's patter song from The Pirates of Penzance. Carte wrote to offer him a place in a new D'Oyly Carte touring company, but by the time the invitation arrived Handley was contractually committed elsewhere. He toured in musical comedy and in the music halls as a comedian and singer. He became known in the leading role of the officer in the sketch The Disorderly Room, a parody of military life, written by Eric Blore, in which military disciplinary proceedings were comically set to popular tunes of the day. The sketch remained in his repertory from 1921 to 1941, and according to Handley's biographer Ted Kavanagh "it must have been played on every music-hall stage in the country". In 1924 The Disorderly Room was included in the programme for the Royal Command Performance at the London Coliseum. The show was broadcast, and marked the beginning of Handley's radio career.

BBC
Handley was successful on the halls, but he was not a major star. His career took off as a broadcaster. He was a regular performer on the BBC from 1924 onwards – his biographer Barry Took calls him "a mainstay of its variety programmes" – as a solo entertainer, an actor in sketches and occasionally a producer. Much of his material was written by Ted Kavanagh, who devised comic monologues for him and worked with him on the broadcast revues that paved the way for their greatest success, It's That Man Again.

In 1929 Handley married the actress and singer Jean Allistone (Rosalind Jean Henshall, née Allistone, 1897–1958) whom he had met at the BBC. She had trained under Sir Herbert Tree, appeared in revues and musical comedies and, from 1925, was a pioneer broadcaster. The couple had no children.

Between 1935 and 1949 Handley frequently performed on air with the comedian Ronald Frankau in a comedy act as "Mr Murgatroyd and Mr Winterbottom" ("Two minds with not a single thought"). Together they wrote and delivered what Took describes as "a sophisticated crosstalk of quickfire word and idea association"; the combination of the Old Etonian Frankau's patrician tones as Murgatroyd and Handley's fast-talking Scouse patter as Winterbottom became one of the BBC's most popular comedy features. Took quotes a typical example of Murgatroyd and Winterbottom's rapid cross-talk, which concludes:
 * Murgatroyd: Yes, Mr Winterbottom, we must always study the listener – the Mr and Mrs Everymans
 * Winterbottom: The Jones and Smiths.
 * Murgatroyd: The Robinsons and Browns.
 * Winterbottom: The Gilbert and Sullivans.
 * Murgatroyd: The Tristan and Isoldes.
 * Winterbottom: The Hengists and Horsas.
 * Murgatroyd: The Moodys and Sankeys.
 * Winterbottom: And the Darbys and Joans.
 * Murgatroyd: Cut out the Joans and let's think of the Derby. What have you backed?
 * Winterbottom: My car into a shop window. Joan a car?
 * Murgatroyd: Cut out the Joan and let's think of the Derby again.

Murgatroyd and Winterbottom became so popular that the performers' wives – Jean Allistone and Renee Roberts – were invited to make several broadcasts of their own as "Mrs Murgatroyd and Mrs Winterbottom".

ITMA

Towards the end of the 1930s Handley and Kavanagh were, in Took's words, "at a crossroads", in need of "a new direction in which to move and a new stimulus to drive them forward". The new direction and stimulus came with the BBC's need for a replacement for Band Waggon, an immensely successful hour-long variety programme starring Arthur Askey and Richard Murdoch. Askey's career was developing elsewhere, on stage and screen, and the 1939 run of the show was its last. Kavanagh and Handley, together with the BBC producer Francis Worsley, conceived a successor. Instead of the one-off sketches to which Handley and Kavanagh were accustomed, the new show would be 45 minutes in length. The three colleagues agreed to set the series on a pirate radio ship, with Handley in charge, surrounded by and coping with a cast of miscellaneous oddballs. The title was It's That Man Again – a phrase borrowed from The Daily Express which used it as a headline for an article about Adolf Hitler. The series was launched in July 1939, but made little impression before its initial run came to an end shortly before the Second World War started.

At the outbreak of the war the BBC, knowing that its London headquarters at Broadcasting House would be a principal target for enemy bombing, put into effect plans to move much of its activity to other locations. Many of the corporation's programmes were broadcast from places such as Bristol and Weston-super-Mare in the West Country and Evesham and Bedford in the Midlands. The BBC Variety department was moved first to Bristol and, in 1941, to Bangor in North Wales. ITMA resumed, its running time reduced to 30 minutes, and now Handley and his colleagues caught the public mood with shows that genially satirised many of the irritating features of wartime existence and generated catchphrases that became common currency. Handley was cast as the Minister of Aggravation and Mysteries at the Office of Twerps, surrounded by a cast of bizarre characters; they included, at various times, the bibulous Colonel Chinstrap, the morose Mona Lott, the incompetent German spy Funf, the formidable charlady Mrs Mopp, the dubious vendor Ali Oop, and the ultra-polite broker's men Claude and Cecil. The supposed locale and the cast of characters changed over the years, but the formula – Handley as the benign master of ceremonies beset by a gallery of comic eccentrics – remained constant.

ITMA became an enormous success, popular with all classes of society. By the middle of the war, an unprecedented forty per cent of the British population was tuning in to ITMA. It had the distinction of becoming the first radio show to give a royal command performance: early in 1942 a special edition of ITMA was performed at Windsor Castle for Princess Elizabeth's birthday. In between seasons on air, Handley and his colleagues took ITMA on tour in live shows round the country.

The last edition of ITMA – the 310th – was recorded on 5 January 1949; four days later Handley died suddenly of a cerebral haemorrhage. His death was announced on air by the Director General of the BBC, Sir William Haley, who insisted on making the announcement himself. The King and Queen sent a message of sympathy to Handley's widow. Thousands of people lined the route of Handley's funeral procession from the chapel near his London home to Golders Green Crematorium, and packed memorial services were held in two cathedrals: St Paul's on 27 January and Liverpool three days later.

Reputation
Handley and the ITMA team were widely credited with boosting morale during the war, and were unmissable listening for millions. A member of the Royal Household said that if the war were to end between 8.30 and 9 p.m. on a Thursday night none of the household would dare to tell the King until ITMA had finished. Although Handley was a leading star in Britain, his material in ITMA was so topical and local, and delivered at such speed, that it was incomprehensible to many outside the UK. Nonetheless, it was popular in Australia: a writer in The Age commented that Handley's "roguish Liverpudlian twang could have made a stock-exchange report sound funny". A Canadian newspaper quoted an American who heard the show: "I can't understand a word the guy is saying, but it sure sounds like great radio". It was said that Bob Hope, though British-born, found ITMA "too fast" for him.

Haley said of Handley, "He was not only broadcasting's greatest but also its most natural comedian. … He was a true original [and] there will never be anyone quite like That Man again". In Took's words:

Filmography

 * It's That Man Again (1943)
 * Time Flies (1944)

title: Tommy Handley


text:
Chunga's Revenge

Chunga's Revenge is the third solo album, and eleventh album counting the work of his band The Mothers of Invention, by Frank Zappa, released on October 23, 1970. Zappa's first effort of the 1970s marks the first appearance of former Turtles members Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan - nicknamed Flo & Eddie - on a Zappa record, and signals the dawn of a controversial epoch in Zappa's history. Chunga's Revenge represents a shift from both the satirical political commentary of his 1960s work with The Mothers of Invention, and the jazz fusion of Hot Rats.

Songs
The material presented on Chunga's Revenge is eclectic: side one includes a guitar jam ("Transylvania Boogie"), a bluesy amble ("Road Ladies"), a jazz interlude ("Twenty Small Cigars") and an avant garde live improvisation ("The Nancy and Mary Music") drawn from "King Kong" from a July 1970 Mothers performance, released officially on Road Tapes, Venue 3. Several poppy numbers ("Tell Me You Love Me", "Would You Go All the Way?", "Rudy Wants to Buy Yez a Drink", "Sharleena") appear on the second side along with the improvisational title track and a percussion-only track ("The Clap").

"Twenty Small Cigars" was drawn from the Hot Rats sessions from summer 1969. "Transylvania Boogie" and "Chunga's Revenge" come from the early 1970 period where Zappa performed with a band informally known as "Hot Rats," including Ian Underwood, Don "Sugarcane" Harris, Max Bennett and Aynsley Dunbar. Also from this period is "The Clap," a short multitracked percussion piece with Zappa as the only musician. The vocal tracks all deal with the subject of sex and/or groupie encounters and as Zappa notes on the sleeve of both the vinyl and CD, are a preview of the then forthcoming 200 Motels film/album, and date from the summer of 1970 after the formation of the new Mothers of Invention lineup.

The original early 1970 version of "Sharleena" later appeared on The Lost Episodes. In June 2023, Zappa Record/Ume released Funky Nothingness, an archival release drawn almost entirely from the early 1970 sessions, which also included this version of "Sharleena" as well as the unreleased instrumental "Twinkle Tits" that had appeared in a live concert recording from this era, and unedited takes of "Chunga's Revenge," "Transylvania Boogie" and "The Clap."

Another "lost" track from this era, "Bognor Regis," was recorded in summer 1969 and intended to be released as a B-side of "Sharleena", but the single was never released, and the track was leaked to the public on an acetate disc copy which made its way to the collector's market. "Bognor Regis" was later included along with "Twenty Small Cigars" in the archival release The Hot Rats Sessions.

The title track was later recorded by Argentinian/Parisian tango revival group Gotan Project for their 2001 debut album La Revancha del Tango.

The guitar melody in "Tell Me You Love Me" is extremely similar to the one used in "Bwana Dik" and "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy", during the "if his dick is a monster" section, from Fillmore East - June 1971, and 200 Motels, respectively. Zappa would include a 1980 live version of the song on Tinsel Town Rebellion, while a 1988 version with revised lyrics titled "Why Don't You Like Me" appeared on Broadway the Hard Way. (A similar version from 1984, known as "Don't Be a Lawyer," has never been officially released.) Zappa would also include an 80's recording of "Sharleena" on Them or Us, while a 1988 version of "Chunga's Revenge" where Zappa played alongside his son Dweezil was the opening track of the album Trance-Fusion which Zappa compiled in the 90's (although it would not be released until 2006).

Critical reception
In a contemporary review in the leading French music magazine, Rock & Folk, Paul Alessandrini praises the album: "The richness, the musical intelligence of Zappa confirm once more his distinctive sound which is a 'chemical' synthesis of different styles. In the centre are the blues but also the rock'n roll of the fifties, always with satirical lyrics. This album is maybe less demanding that the last one, the utterly unique Weasels Ripped My Flesh, but Zappa confirms himself now as solid, mature and aware of his creative skills. Supported by the multi-instrumentalist Ian Underwood, he shows himself an all-round guitarist, versatile at all kinds of tempos and inventive with the wah-wah pedal."

In his 1994 book on Zappa, Ben Watson elaborates this point: " 'Transsylvanian Boogie' provides a vampire vamp for some of Zappa's most Eastern-sounding guitar. The title referred to the homeland of (...) Bela Bartok. (...) Bartok provides a crucial model for composers seeking to break out of the limitations of the Western tradition. The complex time-signature and Dunbar's shimmering cymbals are exotically bohemian, though there is a distinctly sci-fi flavour to Zappa's wah-wah guitar sound. The mid-section has him plucking irrational runs with some of Conlon Nancarrow's delirium: he builds to a peak note and then moves to an irresistible boogie, Underwood's organ grooving behind him, Dunbar contributing a new fluency."

However, this development was not to the liking of more tradition-orientated commentators. Reviewing Chunga's Revenge in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "Like Bobby Sherman, Zappa is a selfish exploiter of popular taste. That Bobby Sherman wants to make money while Zappa wants to make money and emulate Varese is beside the point—if anything, Zappa's aestheticism intensifies his contempt for rock and its audience. Even Hot Rats, his compositional peak, played as much with the moods and usages of Muzak as with those of rock and roll. This is definitely not his peak. Zappa plays a lot of guitar, just as his admirers always hope he will, but the overall effect is more Martin Denny than Varese. Also featured are a number of 'dirty' jokes."

Personnel

 * Frank Zappa – guitar (except 8), vocals (2, 6, 9, 10), harpsichord (3), Condor (5), drums and percussions (8)
 * Ian Underwood – organ (1), rhythm guitar (2, 5), piano (3), electric piano (4, 6, 9), alto saxophone (4), pipe organ (5), electric alto saxophone with wah-wah pedal (7), tenor saxophone and grand piano (10)
 * Aynsley Dunbar – drums (except 3, 8), tambourine (9)
 * John Guerin – drums (3)
 * Max Bennett – bass (1, 3, 7)
 * Jeff Simmons – bass (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10), vocals (2, 4, 9, 10)
 * George Duke – organ (2, 10), electric piano (4, 5), vocal sound effects (4), trombone (6, 9)
 * Howard Kaylan – vocals (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10)
 * Mark Volman – vocals (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10), rhythm guitar (9)
 * Don "Sugarcane" Harris – organ (7)

Production

 * Producer: Frank Zappa
 * Engineers: Stan Agol, Roy Baker, Dick Kunc, Bruce Margolis
 * Production assistant: Dick Barber
 * Arranger: Frank Zappa
 * Cover design: Cal Schenkel
 * Illustrations: Cal Schenkel
 * Photography: Phil Franks (front cover) and John Williams

title: Chunga's Revenge


text:
User:Bluefoxicy/esp

ESP Experiment

Below is a definitive experiment based on what fragments of statistics knowledge I have left which will definitively prove or not prove (it's impossible to disprove) the existence of extra sensory perception. It was designed by John Moser 06:45, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The experiment involves the teacher of a class randomly shuffling a deck of a predetermined mixture of four classes of cards, then cutting a small portion of the deck out, and using that for the experiment. Students will attempt to predict what is on the cards.

This experiment will not prove what form ESP is taking on during the experiment; but rather, whether or not it exists. In the experiment, one of two things could indicate that the hypothesis is valid. The first case would be the expected one: the students learn to read the teacher's mind. The second case is more simplisitc but also easily overlooked: The teacher may learn to project the image of the card into the students' minds subconciously. Either will prove the existence of ESP.

Materials
26 cards with blue "Star" outlines on them 26 cards with blue "Circle" outlines on them 26 cards with blue "Square" outlines on them 26 cards with blue "Triangle" outlines on them 1 sheet of gridded marking paper per student

Procedure
Decks of 104 cards assembled in the above manner are distributed to each teacher involved in the experiment. This is equivalent to two decks of casino playing cards containing four suits each containing ten numbered cards and three face cards.

Before each class, the teacher shuffles the decks together repetedly, several times, to randomize their organization. He then counts out the top thirty cards without looking at them or changing order. These are to be used in the experiment. (1)

When the students come to class the first time, they are informed of the experiment. The below dialog is suggested to convey the necessary information:

Your class has been selected as part of an experiment group. Each day when you come in, there will be a sheet of paper on your desk with a grid of thirty rows and four columns. Each column is headed with a circle, triangle, square, or star. At the beginning of class, you will sit quietly while the teacher draws thirty cards and looks at them. [S]he will look at each card for fifteen seconds before stacking it face down. The entire excercise will take approximately seven and one half minutes. You are to indicate on your paper one of the four symbols for each card. Make only one mark, and chose whichever you feel comfortable with. Do not erase your marks or change your answer. Do not simply follow a   predetermined pattern. The thirty cards are from the top of a deck approximately three and a half times larger. This deck is shuffled before these cards are extracted off. Do not attempt to count the cards; it can't be done. Papers will be collected at the end of the excercise. Remember to put your name and the date on each. Papers will not be returned, and no grade will be taken. The experiment will last until May 1, at which point a   detailed report of your accuracy over the entire course will be given to    you.

The teacher will perform the following procedure each day, not repeting the above speech.

The teacher will draw each card one at a time from the 30 on his or her desk, and stare at the image for approximately fifteen seconds. The timing does not have to be exact; in order to avoid mental clutter, simply stare for a comfortable period. After this time, the card is to be placed face down on the desk, stacking up in reverse so that the students may not see it. As the teacher reads cards, the students mark which they think the card is on their papers.

After all cards have been drawn, papers are taken up. The teacher must ensure that the name and date is on each paper. The deck may be rubberbanded for later review; however it is preferable for the teacher to travers the deck and mark his or her own sheet bottom up. This will be used to check each student's paper later.

Accuracy for each day is taken and graphed, both individually and on average. Individual graphs and if desired full details are returned to the students at the end of the class term.

This experiment may and should be continued for many years. It would be interesting to start it in high school in freshmen year and continue until graduation.

 * (1) The procedure used for separating the thirty cards to be used ensures that card counting is impossible and that order is unpredictable.

Evaluation
It would be a fallacy to evaluate the averages of all students over the course of the experiment. Some students may manifest ESP by continuously *avoiding* the correct card; it is entirely possible, though unlikely, for the average graph to be fairly flat. The average is still interesting, though.

Statistical anomolies in individual graphs are of great interest. Two individual graphs must be considered: The students' and the teachers'.

Students' graphs are fairly straightforward. If any student gradually becomes more or less accurate over time, with consistency, that student is likely affected by ESP. It is unlikely for a continuous increase or decrease in accuracy to occur in such a large experiment; more likely would be that accuracy would fluctuate in either direction and regress to a fairly straight and level line.

Teachers' graphs can be produced by averaging all students working with a particular teacher for the tests done with that teacher. If that teacher is projecting his or her thoughts-- particularly, the image on the card-- into the students' minds, the entire body of students working with the teacher at that time will likely display an increase in accuracy. This would allow pinpointing of such a teacher, as the same students may perform differently under other teachers yet *consistently* *more* *accurate* with the given teacher.

As a major point, an individual graph which remains fairly level yet consistently averages significantly more (or less) than 25% accuracy indicates a student effected by ESP. Probability would give each guess by each student approximately a 1/4 chance of chosing the correct card; the deck can practically be almost all one card, so the effect of "removing" a card is dampened. Furthermore, each individual card is an individual event. This leaves any individual evaluation as having a 25% chance of accuracy.

title: User:Bluefoxicy/esp


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Barracks

Barracks are buildings used to accommodate military personnel. The English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word barraca 'soldier's tent', but today barracks are usually permanent buildings. The word may apply to separate housing blocks or to complete complexes, and the plural form often refers to a single structure and may be singular in construction.

The main objective of barracks is to separate soldiers from the civilian population and reinforce discipline, training, and esprit de corps. They have been called "discipline factories for soldiers". Like industrial factories, some are considered to be shoddy or dull buildings, although others are known for their magnificent architecture such as Collins Barracks in Dublin and others in Paris, Berlin, Madrid, Vienna, or London. From the rough barracks of 19th-century conscript armies, filled with hazing and illness and barely differentiated from the livestock pens that housed the draft animals, to the clean and Internet-connected barracks of modern all-volunteer militaries, the word can have a variety of connotations.

History

Early barracks such as those of the Roman Praetorian Guard were built to maintain elite forces. There are a number of remains of Roman army barracks in frontier forts such as Vercovicium and Vindolanda. From these and from contemporary Roman sources we can see that the basics of life in a military camp have remained constant for thousands of years. In the Early Modern Period, they formed part of the Military Revolution that scholars believe contributed decisively to the formation of the nation state by increasing the expense of maintaining standing armies. Large, permanent barracks were developed in the 18th century by the two dominant states of the period, France the "caserne" and Spain the "cuartel". The English term 'barrack', on the other hand, derives from the Spanish word for a temporary shelter erected by soldiers on campaign, barraca; (because of fears that a standing army in barracks would be a threat to the constitution, barracks were not generally built in Great Britain until 1790, on the eve of the Napoleonic Wars).

Early barracks were multi-story blocks, often grouped in a quadrangle around a courtyard or parade ground. A good example is Berwick Barracks, which was among the first in England to be purpose-built and begun in 1717 to the design of the distinguished architect Nicholas Hawksmoor. During the 18th century, the increasing sophistication of military life led to separate housing for different ranks (officers always had larger rooms) and married quarters; as well as the provision of specialized buildings such as dining rooms and cook houses, bath houses, mess rooms, schools, hospitals, armories, gymnasia, riding schools and stables. The pavilion plan concept of hospital design was influential in barrack planning after the Crimean War.

The first large-scale training camps were built in the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) during the early 18th century. The British Army built Aldershot camps from 1854.

By the First World War, infantry, artillery, and cavalry regiments had separate barracks. The first naval barracks were hulks, old wooden sailing vessels; but these insanitary lodgings were replaced with large naval barracks at the major dockyard towns of Europe and the United States, usually with hammocks instead of beds.

These were inadequate for the enormous armies mobilized after 1914. Hut camps were developed using variations of the eponymous Nissen hut, made from timber or corrugated iron.

Military
In many military forces, both NCO and SNCO personnel will frequently be housed in barracks for service or training. Officers are often charged with ensuring the barracks and personnel are maintained in an orderly fashion. Junior enlisted and sometimes junior NCOs will often receive less space and may be housed in bays, while senior NCOs and officers may share or have their own room. Junior enlisted personnel are typically tasked with the cleanliness of the barracks. The term "Garrison town" is a common expression for any town that has military barracks, i.e., a permanent military presence nearby.

Prison
Prison cell blocks often are built and arranged like barracks, and some military prisons may have barracks in their name, such as the United States Disciplinary Barracks of Leavenworth.

Canada
Barracks were used to house troops in forts during the Upper Canadian period. Leading up to and during the War of 1812, Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe and Major-General Isaac Brock oversaw the construction of Fort York on the shores of Lake Ontario in present-day Toronto. There are several surviving British Army barracks built between 1814 and 1815 at that site today. Multiple limestone barracks were built half a mile west of Fort York in 1840, only one of which survives. The British Army handed over "New Fort York", as the second fort was called, to the Canadian Militia in 1870 after Confederation.

The Stone Frigate, completed in 1820, served as barracks briefly in 1837–38, and was refitted as a dormitory and classrooms to house the Royal Military College of Canada by 1876. The Stone frigate is a large stone building originally designed to hold gear and rigging from British warships dismantled to comply with the Rush–Bagot Treaty.

Poland
In Poland barracks are represented usually as a complex of buildings, each consisting of a separate entity or an administrative or business premises. As an example, the Barracks Complex in Września.

Portugal
Each of the Portuguese Army bases is referred as a quartel (barracks). In a barracks, each of the dormitory buildings is referred as a caserna (casern). Most of them are regimental barracks, constituting the fixed component of the Army system of forces and being responsible for the training, sustenance and general support to the Army. In addition to the regimental administrative, logistic and training bodies, each barracks can lodge one or more operational units (operational battalions, independent companies or equivalent units). Although there are housing blocks within the perimeter of some regimental barracks, the Portuguese usual practice is for the members of the Armed Forces to live outside the military bases with their families, inserted in the local civilian communities.

Many of the Portuguese regimental barracks are of a model developed by the old Administrative Commission for the New Infrastructures of the Armed Forces (CANIFA). Because of this, they are commonly referred as "CANIFA type barracks". These types of barracks were built in the 1950s and 1960s, following a standardized architectural model, usually with an area of between 100,000 and 200,000 square metres, including a headquarters building, a guard house, a general mess building, an infirmary building, a workshop and garage building, an officer house building, a sergeant house building, three to ten rank and file caserns, fire ranges and sports facilities. In average each CANIFA type barracks was intended to lodge around 1000 soldiers and their respective armament, vehicles and other equipment.

Russia
Until the end of the 18th century personnel of the Imperial Russian Army were billeted with civilians homes or accommodated in slobodas in a countryside. First barracks were built during the reign of Emperor Paul I. For these purposes, Paul I established a one-time land tax based on the amount of land owned by citizen. This tax was not mandatory, but person who paid it was permanently exempted from billets.

He considered as unquestionably harmful for the combat development of the soldier not only a constant participation in the home life of civilians, caused by the billet system, — Paul believed that even an accommodation in the slobodas, which did not cut soldier off from a household concerns and chores, is unsuited to the formation of a proper combat army. Emperor Paul understood that the organization of military accommodations has its own task not only to provide a soldier with a house, but also to adapt him to the purpose and conditions of life of the soldier. Only a barracks cohabitation, concentrated in more or less significant masses, seemed to Paul the only purposeful approach for the development and maintenance of the military spirit and discipline, for the study of the soldier's personality and qualities, for the convenience of training and military exercises. Barrack is not only the home of a soldier, but also the school where he is brought up. This idea was fully grasped by Paul, and the construction of barracks for the army everywhere became his main objective, to the achievement of which he put all his strength, all his energy.

From the end of 1882, the money collected for exemption from billet was transferred to the military ministry. This has made it possible to step up the construction of barracks for the army. By 1 January 1900, 19,015 barracks had been built, which accommodated 94% of the troops.

United Kingdom
In the 17th and 18th centuries there were concerns around the idea of a standing army housed in barracks; instead, the law provided for troops routinely to be billeted in small groups in inns and other locations. (The concerns were various: political, ideological and constitutional, provoked by memories of Cromwell's New Model Army and of the use of troops in reign of James II to intimidate areas of civil society. Furthermore, grand urban barracks were associated with absolutist monarchies, where they could be seen as emblematic of power sustained through military might; and there was an ongoing suspicion that gathering soldiers together in barracks might encourage sedition.)

Nevertheless, some "soldiers' lodgings" were built in Britain at this time, usually attached to coastal fortifications or royal palaces. The first recorded use of the word 'barracks' in this context was for the Irish Barracks, built in the precinct of the Tower of London in 1669. At the Ordnance Office (responsible for construction and upkeep of barracks) Bernard de Gomme played a key role in developing a 'domestic' style of barrack design in the latter half of the 17th century: he provided barrack blocks for such locations as Plymouth Citadel and Tilbury Fort, each with rows of square rooms arranged in pairs on two stories, accommodating a Company of some sixty men, four to a room, two to a bed. Standard furnishings were provided, and each room had a grate used for heating and cooking.

In England, this domestic style continued to be used through the first half of the eighteenth century; most new barracks of this period were more or less hidden within the precincts of medieval castles and Henrician forts. In Scotland, however, a more demonstrative style was employed following the Jacobite rising of 1715 (as at Ruthven Barracks) and that of 1745 (as seen in the monumental Fort George). This bolder approach gradually began to be adopted south of the border during the eighteenth century (beginning with nearby Berwick, 1717). There was much building in and around the Royal Dockyards at this time: during the Seven Years' War, fears of a land attack led to defensive 'lines' being built around the dockyard towns, and infantry barracks were established within them (e.g. at Chatham, Upper and Lower Barracks, 1756, and Plymouth, six defensible square barracks, 1758–63). The newly constituted Royal Marines were also provided with accommodation in the vicinity of the Dockyards (e.g. Stonehouse Barracks, 1779) becoming the first Corps in Britain to be fully provided with its own accommodation. Large urban barracks were still a rarity, though. In London there was a fair amount of barrack accommodation, but most of it was within the precincts of various royal palaces (as at Horse Guards, 1753). The prominent Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich (1776) was one exception (but significantly the Artillery were under the command of the Board of Ordnance rather than of the Army).

In the aftermath of the French Revolution, though, things changed. The size of the army grew from 40,000 to 225,000 between 1790 and 1814 (with the Militia adding a further 100,000). Barrack accommodation at the time was provided for a mere 20,000. To deal with the situation, responsibility for building barracks was transferred in 1792 from the Board of Ordnance to a specialist Barracks Department overseen by the War Office. With a view to dealing with sedition, and perhaps quelling thoughts of revolution, several large cavalry barracks were built in the 1790s: first at Knightsbridge (close to the royal palaces), then in several provincial towns and cities: Birmingham, Coventry, Manchester, Norwich, Nottingham and Sheffield (as well as Hounslow Barracks just west of London). Several smaller cavalry and artillery barracks were established around this time, but very little was built for the infantry; instead, a number of large camps (with wooden huts) were set up, including at Chelmsford, Colchester and Sunderland, as well as at various locations along the south coast. Barrack-masters were appointed, one such was Captain George Manby at the Royal Barracks, Great Yarmouth. Coincidentally his father, Captain Matthew Manby, had been barrack-master at Limerick.

It was not until some years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars (and post-war recession) that barrack-building began again. John Nash built four as part of his London improvements: Regent's Park and St John's Wood for the Cavalry, Wellington Barracks for the Guards, and St George's Barracks (since demolished) behind the National Gallery. In several instances elsewhere, buildings were converted rather than newly built (or a mixture of the two, as at Cambridge Barracks, Portsmouth where a new frontage, housing officers, was built in front of a range of warehouses converted to house the men). In response to the Chartist riots three barracks were established in north-west England in the 1840s, Ladysmith Barracks at Ashton-under-Lyne, Wellington Barracks at Bury and Fulwood Barracks at Preston.

A review conducted following the demise of the Board of Ordnance in 1855 noted that only seven barracks outside London had accommodation for more than 1,000. This changed with the establishment of large-scale Army Camps such as Aldershot (1854), and the expansion of Garrison towns such as Colchester; over time in these locations temporary huts were replaced with more permanent barracks buildings. Large-scale camps were not the only way forward, however; from the 1870s, the localisation agenda of the Cardwell Reforms saw new and old barracks established as depots for regional or County brigades and regiments. The latter part of the 19th century also saw the establishment of a number of Naval barracks (an innovation long resisted by the Royal Navy, which had tended to accommodate its sailors afloat either on their ships or else in hulks moored in its harbours). The first of these, Keyham Barracks in Devonport (later HMS Drake), was begun in 1879, and only completed in 1907.

During the 20th century, activity ranged from the need for speedy expansion during the First World War (when large camps such as Catterick were established), to the closure of many barracks in the interwar period. Many of those that remained were rebuilt in the 1960s, either substantially (as happened at Woolwich, behind the facade) or entirely (as at Hyde Park and at Chelsea – built 1863, demolished and rebuilt 1963, closed 2008). There has been an ongoing focus on improving the quality of barracks accommodation; since the 1970s several former RAF bases have been converted to serve as Army barracks, in place of some of the more cramped urban sites. Today, generally, only single and unmarried personnel or those who choose not to move their families nearby live in barracks. Most British military barracks are named after battles, military figures or the locality.

United States
In basic training, and sometimes follow-on training, service members live in barracks. Formerly, the U.S. Marine Corps had gender-separate basic training units. Currently, all services have training where male and female recruits share barracks, but are separated during personal time and lights out. All the services integrate male and female members following boot camp and first assignment.

After training, unmarried junior enlisted members will typically reside in barracks. During unaccompanied, dependent-restricted assignments, non-commissioned and commissioned officer ranks may also be required to live in barracks. Amenities in these barracks increase with the rank of the occupant.

Unlike the other services, the U.S. Air Force officially uses the term "dormitory" to refer to its unaccompanied housing.

During World War II, many U.S. barracks were made of inexpensive, sturdy and easy to assemble Quonset huts that resembled Native American long houses (having a rounded roof but made out of metal).

title: Barracks


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Talk:Diego Garcia

Edit request 29 November 2023
If any admin has a moment, I think the following change to the lead should be made: The new passage is referenced in the body of the text, contains more detailed dating on 300 years of the island's history, and reflects that the island featured both transitory European and more permanent enslaved populations. I think this change also addresses some of the concerns that resulted in this page having to be locked in the first place. ~ Pbritti (talk) 16:31, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Replace sentence in first paragraph that reads "The Portuguese were the first Europeans to find it and it was then settled by the French in the 1790s and transferred to British rule after the Napoleonic Wars."
 * New passage: "Portuguese sailors under Pedro Mascarenhas were the first Europeans to discover the island, finding it uninhabited in 1512. After a 1786 British colony failed, the French began using the island as a leper colony and, starting in 1793, coconut cultivation by enslaved labor. It was transferred to British rule after the Napoleonic Wars."
 * Just going to do this myself, seeing no opposition and the full-protect having expired. ~ Pbritti (talk)

Marooned asylum seekers
There is presently no mention in this article (Diego Garcia) of the the people mentioned in the British Indian Ocean Territory article in the section British_Indian_Ocean_Territory. I think they should be mentioned in this article as well, as they are in Diego Garcia.

I think the simplest thing would be to add something short to this article, in the Inhabitants section, with a link the existing section British Indian Ocean Territory article. I am not sure of the best thing to do. FrankSier (talk) 17:36, 18 February 2024 (UTC)
 * These people are still there, as of 18 Feb 2024, as shown by this article: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-68326365 "Diego Garcia asylum seekers feel unsafe on remote British island territory". FrankSier (talk) 10:49, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I have now done what I have suggested. FrankSier (talk) 18:29, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

Who is David Vine?
A David Vine is quoted in the section Diego_Garcia, and as they are quoted I think there should be some information about who they are. I am pretty sure they are not the person who presently has a WP article: David Vine who was an English television sports presenter. There are no other David Vines that I can find who have a WP article.

I am guessing that they are the same person as mentioned as "David Vine of The Washington Post" in the Territories_of_the_United_States article, and as mentioned 4 times in the references of in Marshall Islands article. They probably deserve an article of their own. A Google on "David Vine of The Washington Post" brings up lots of hits. FrankSier (talk) 18:17, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diego Garcia


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Nagisa Katahira

Nagisa Katahira (片平 なぎさ), born 12 July 1959) is a Japanese film and television actress, and singer.

Acting career
She has appeared in such television series and TV movies as the Red Dead Wagon series, Hôigaku kyôshitsu no jiken file, Kagemusha Tokugawa Ieyasu, Sotohiro, Kâdo G-men Kobayakawa Akane, Yonimo kimyô na monogatari: Aki no tokubetsu hen, Pretty Girls, Tenka, Stewardess monogatari, Yokomizo Seishi shirîzu, Kuroi fukuin: Shinpu no giwaku, Keiji kun, Gokinjo tantei satsukino satsuki: Gomi to batsu, Hotelier, Nurse Aoi: Special, Hidarime Tantei EYE, Onna kakekomi dera Keiji: Ooishi Mizuho 2, and Fukuie keibuho no aisatsu. She has appeared in such feature films as Aoi sanmyaku, Torakku yarô: Dokyô ichiban hoshi, Trick: The Movie 2, The Visitor in the Eye and Love Is a Hunter.

title: Nagisa Katahira


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Talk:Nagisa Katahira

Untitled
Initial entry contains material from Japanese Wikipedia Fg2 06:48, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nagisa Katahira


text: User talk:65.176.193.250

title: User talk:65.176.193.250


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Operation Wolf

Operation Wolf (オペレーションウルフ) is a light gun shooter arcade game developed by Taito and released in 1987. It was ported to many home systems.

The game was critically and commercially successful, becoming one of the highest-grossing arcade games of 1988 and winning the Golden Joystick Award for Game of the Year. Operation Wolf popularized military-themed first-person light gun rail shooters and inspired numerous clones, imitators, and others in the genre over the next decade. It spawned four sequels: Operation Thunderbolt (1988), Operation Wolf 3 (1994), Operation Tiger (1998), and Operation Wolf Returns: First Mission (2023).

Gameplay
Assuming the role of Special Forces Operative Roy Adams, the player attempts to rescue five hostages who are being held captive in enemy territory. The game is viewed from a first-person perspective, and is on rails, with the screen scrolling horizontally through the landscape. The game has six stages to advance the story. For example, after the jungle stage is completed, Adams interrogates an enemy soldier and learns the location of the concentration camp and hostages. Each stage has unique objectives and effects on gameplay after completion, all based on rescuing hostages. Game over screens vary depending on situations, such as the player's death or failure to rescue all hostages. Continuing the game restarts the stage. The Nintendo Entertainment System version has multiple endings depending on the number of rescued hostages.

The arcade cabinet has an optical controller resembling an Uzi submachine gun which the player can swivel and elevate, and which vibrates to simulate recoil of gunfire. Pulling the trigger allows fully automatic fire, and pressing the button near the muzzle launches a grenade with a wide blast radius against multiple targets.

To complete each stage, the player must shoot a required number of soldiers and vehicles (trucks, boats, helicopters, armored transports), as indicated by an on-screen counter. The limited ammunition and grenades can be replenished by shooting objects. Shooting dynamite bombs causes heavy damage to every target on the screen, both enemy and friendly, and a special machine gun power-up allows unlimited ammunition and an increased rate of fire for 10 seconds.

Enemies attack with gunfire, knives, grenades, mortar and bazooka rounds, and missiles; all their visible incoming projectiles can be shot out of the air. The player has a damage bar that slowly fills due to enemy attacks or shooting friendly targets such as nurses and boys. Damage can be recovered by collecting health power-ups and completing stages.

Home conversions
The game was converted to the Amstrad CPC, DOS, NES, Amiga 500, Atari ST, Master System, FM Towns, Commodore 64, PC Engine, and ZX Spectrum. Most lack light gun support (except NES and Master System) and must be played with a keyboard or a controller. In 1989, a special ZX Spectrum version with Magnum Light Phaser support was produced for inclusion in Amstrad's ZX Spectrum +2 and +3 Action Pack hardware bundles. The box for the Master System version features promotional art from Operation Thunderbolt.

In 2005, Operation Wolf was released on the Xbox, PlayStation 2, and Windows within Taito Legends without light gun support. The NES version was released on the North American Wii Virtual Console in February 2008 without light gun support.

Commercial performance
The game was commercially successful. In Japan, Game Machine listed Operation Wolf in its December 1, 1987 issue as the second most-successful upright or cockpit arcade cabinet of the month, and it went on to become the second highest-grossing arcade game of 1988 (below Sega's After Burner and After Burner II). In Europe, Operation Wolf debuted as the top-grossing arcade game of October 1987 in the United Kingdom, and again topped the charts in December 1987; it held the top spot through March 1988,  and remained in the top five through July, when it was number four on the Coinslot dedicated arcade game chart (below Street Fighter, Continental Circus, and WEC Le Mans). Operation Wolf went on to become the top-earning arcade game of 1988 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, Operation Wolf was one of the top five highest-grossing dedicated arcade games of 1988.

The home computer conversions topped the UK sales charts in late 1988 until it was replaced by RoboCop which held the number one position for most of 1989.

Critical response
Upon release in arcades, the game received wide acclaim from critics, particularly for its gameplay, graphics, and controls. Its violence was criticized, particularly in the UK press following the Hungerford massacre that had occurred a few months before its release. Commodore User said it beats Sega's After Burner as "the game of the year and much of next year too" but that it may draw some controversy from tabloids for its Rambo-like violent content. Clare Edgeley of Computer and Video Games called it one of the best new releases, stating that, though excessively violent, it was an "extremely playable" and "powerful" fast-paced action game. Your Sinclair called it a "fast and furious" action game, and said it "broke a bit of new 'ground' for arcade games 'cos the 'nasties' fired directly at you through the screen".

The home computer conversions also received positive reviews. Your Sinclair gave the ZX Spectrum conversion a highly positive review. The NES version received more mixed reviews. In Electronic Gaming Monthly's review of the NES conversion, three critics scored it 6/10, one 8/10.

Accolades
Sinclair User gave the arcade game the "Over The Top Game of 1988" award, for the "shooting game most likely to push you over the edge" in 1988. The home computer conversions won several awards at the 1989 Golden Joystick Awards for 1988, including overall Game of the Year (8-bit), Best Coin-Op Conversion (8-bit), and Best Coin-Op Conversion (16-bit). It was later voted number 26 in the "Your Sinclair Readers' Top 100 Games of All Time" poll. Crash awarded it a Crash Smash. Computer and Video Games awarded it a CVG Hit.

Legacy
Operation Wolf had long-term influence on the market upon its release. It is credited with evolving the light gun shooter genre. It departed from the shooting gallery, carnival, and cartoon themes that had previously dominated the genre for decades, from electro-mechanical games in the 1960s until Nintendo's Duck Hunt in 1984, and moved the genre toward more realistic, violent, and military shooter themes. In contrast to Taito's earlier gun games including Attack (1976), N.Y. Captor (1985), and Cycle Shooting (1986) which have simple cartoon graphics, Operation Wolf has more realistic graphics. This provides a depth of perspective by using different sized sprites.

Operation Wolf took the military themes of 1980s run and gun video games (such as Commando, Green Beret, and Ikari Warriors) and action films (such as Rambo and Commando) and applied them to light gun shooters. It presents a novel light gun shooter basis for the prisoner of war (POW) rescue mission with massive violence, killing masses of enemy soldiers. It innovates on the mounted gun mechanism - used before in Taito's Attack and even older Midway mechanical games from the 1960s - by using an optical sensor and a physical sensation of gunfire. It spawned many arcade shooters with mounted machine gun controls and increasing levels of violence during the late 1980s to early 1990s.

The game popularized first-person light gun rail shooters and inspired numerous clones and imitators during the late 1980s to early 1990s. Examples include SNK's Mechanized Attack and Sega's Line of Fire in 1989, SNK's Beast Busters in 1990, Namco's Steel Gunner and Midway's Terminator 2 in 1991, and Konami's Lethal Enforcers in 1992. Further influenced by Operation Wolf, the genre remained popular into the late 1990s and declined following the rise of the first-person shooter (FPS) genre.

Operation Wolf spawned four sequels: Operation Thunderbolt (1988), Operation Wolf 3 (1994), Operation Tiger (1998), and Operation Wolf Returns: First Mission (2023).

title: Operation Wolf


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Kappōgi

A "cooking wear" (割烹着) is a type of smock, originating in Japan. First designed to protect kimono from stains when cooking, it has baggy sleeves with gathered cuffs terminating just after the elbow, and the torso comes down to the wearer's knees. It closes by means of strips of cloth that are tied at the back of the neck and waist. It is particularly used when cooking and cleaning.

The kappōgi was introduced at Japan's first culinary academy, Akahori Kappō School, in 1902, when most people wore kimono on a daily basis.

title: Kappōgi


text:
File:James Taylor - Sweet Baby James.jpg

Summary
James Taylor "Sweet Baby James" album cover


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Puppy Linux

Puppy Linux is a family of light-weight Linux distributions that focus on ease of use and minimal memory footprint. The entire system can be run from random-access memory (RAM) with current versions generally taking up about 600 MB (64-bit), 300 MB (32-bit), allowing the boot medium to be removed after the operating system has started. Applications such as AbiWord, Gnumeric and MPlayer are included, along with a choice of lightweight web browsers and a utility for downloading other packages. The distribution was originally developed by Barry Kauler and other members of the community, until Kauler retired in 2013. The tool Woof can build a Puppy Linux distribution from the binary packages of other Linux distributions.

History
Barry Kauler started Puppy Linux in response to a trend of other distributions becoming stricter on system requirements over time. His own distribution, with an emphasis on speed and efficiency and being lightweight, started from "Boot disk HOWTO" and gradually included components file-by-file until Puppy Linux was completed. Puppy Linux was initially based on Vector Linux but then became a fully independent distribution.

Release versions

Puppy 0.1 is the initial release of Puppy Linux. It has no UnionFS, extremely minimal persistence support, and has no package manager or ability to install applications.

Puppy 1.0 series runs comfortably on very dated hardware, such as a Pentium computer with at least 32 MB RAM. For newer systems, the USB key drive version might be better (although if USB device booting is not directly supported in the BIOS, the Puppy floppy boot disk can be used to kick-start it). It is possible to run Puppy Linux with Windows 9x/Me. It is also possible if the BIOS does not support booting from USB drive, to boot from the CD and keep user state on a USB key drive; this is saved on shutdown and read from the USB device on bootup.

Puppy 2.0 uses the Mozilla-based SeaMonkey as its Internet suite (primarily a web browser and e-mail client).

Puppy 3.0 features Slackware 12 compatibility. This is accomplished by the inclusion of almost all the dependencies needed for the installation of Slackware packages. However, Puppy Linux is not a Slackware-based distribution.

Puppy 4.0 is built from scratch using the T2 SDE and no longer features native Slackware 12 compatibility in order to reduce the size and include newer package versions than those found in 3. To compensate for this, an optional "compatibility collection" of packages was created that restores some of the lost compatibility.

Puppy 4.2.0–4.3.0 feature changes to the user interface and backend, upgraded packages, language and character support, new in-house software and optimizations, while still keeping the ISO image size under 100 MB.

Puppy 5.0.0–5.7.0 are based on a project called Woof, which is designed to assemble a Puppy Linux distribution from the packages of other Linux distributions. Woof includes some binaries and software derived from Ubuntu, Debian, Slackware, T2 SDE, or Arch repositories. Puppy 5 came with a stripped-down version of the Midori browser to be used for reading help files and a choice of web browsers to be installed, including Chromium, Firefox, SeaMonkey Internet Suite, Iron and Opera.

Puppy 6.0.5 is built from Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty Tahr" packages, has binary compatibility with Ubuntu 14.04 and access to the Ubuntu package repositories. Tahrpup is built from the woof-CE build system, forked from Barry Kauler's Woof late last year after he announced his retirement from Puppy development. It is built from the latest testing branch, incorporates all the latest woof-CE features and is released in PAE and noPAE ISOs, with the option to switch kernels.

Puppy 6.3.2 is built with Slackware packages instead of Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty Tahr" packages but is very similar to its predecessor.

Puppy 7.5 is built from Ubuntu 16.04 "Xenial Xerus" packages, which has binary compatibility with Ubuntu 16.04 and access to the Ubuntu package repositories. XenialPup is built from the woof-CE build system, forked from Barry Kauler's Woof. It is built from the latest testing branch, incorporates all the latest woof-CE features and is released in PAE and noPAE ISOs, with the option to switch kernels. It has a new UI, a new kernel update for greater hardware compatibility, redesigned Puppy Package Manager, some bugfixes and base packages inclusion into the woof structure.

Puppy 8.0 is built from Ubuntu "Bionic Beaver" 18.04.2 packages, has binary compatibility with Ubuntu 18.04.2 and access to the Ubuntu package repositories. BionicPup is built from the woof-CE build system, forked from Barry Kauler's Woof. It is built from the latest testing branch and incorporates all the latest woof-CE features.

Puppy 8.2.1 is built from Raspberry Pi OS packages, has full support for the Raspberry Pi 0 to the Raspberry Pi 4, and is relatively similar to its predecessor. Raspberry Pi OS is based on Debian, meaning that Puppy Linux still has Debian/Ubuntu support. This version of Puppy Linux is not compatible with personal computers, like desktops or laptops.

Puppy 9.5 is built from Ubuntu "Focal Fossa" 20.04 (64-bit) packages, has binary compatibility with Ubuntu 20.04 and access to the Ubuntu repositories. FossaPup64 comes with JWM as the default window manager. Also, at this release, Puppy Linux's Ubuntu-based release has dropped support for 32-bit (x86) computers, due to Ubuntu dropping 32-bit support at this release before reverting its decision and supporting only select 32-bit libraries. However, its Debian-based and mixed releases (i.e, BookwormPup32 and NoblePup32, respectively) continue to support 32-bit systems.

Features
Puppy Linux is a complete operating system bundled with a collection of applications suited to general use tasks. It can be used as a rescue disk, a demonstration system that leaves the previous installation unaltered, as an accommodation for a system with a blank or missing hard drive, or for using modern software on legacy computers.

Puppy's compact size allows it to boot from any media that the computer can support. It can function as a live USB for flash devices or other USB mediums, a CD, an internal hard disk drive, an SD card, a Zip drive or LS-120/240 SuperDisk, through PXE, and through a floppy boot disk that chainloads the data from other storage media. It has also been ported to ARM and can run on a single-board computer such as the Raspberry Pi.

Puppy Linux features built-in tools which can be used to create bootable USB drives, create new Puppy CDs, or remaster a new live CD with different packages. It also uses a sophisticated write-caching system with the purpose of extending the life of live USB flash drives.

Puppy Linux includes the ability to use a normal persistent updating environment on a write-once multisession CD/DVD that does not require a rewritable disc; this is a unique feature that sets it apart from other Linux distributions. While other distributions offer live CD versions of their operating systems, none offer a similar feature.

Puppy's bootloader does not mount hard drives or connect to the network automatically. This ensures that a bug or even unknowingly incompatible software won't corrupt the contents of such devices.

Puppy Linux offers a session save on shutdown. Since Puppy Linux fundamentally runs in RAM, any files and configurations made or changed in a session would disappear otherwise. This feature enables the user to either save the contents to a writable storage medium, or write the file system to the same CD containing Puppy, if "multisession" was used to create the booted CD and if the disc drive supports burning. This applies to CD-Rs, CD-RWs, and DVDs.

It is also possible to save all files to an external hard drive, USB stick, or even a floppy disk instead of the root file system. Puppy can also be installed to a hard disk.

User interface
The default window manager in most Puppy releases is JWM.

Packages of the IceWM desktop, Fluxbox and Enlightenment are also available via Puppy's PetGet package (application) management system (see below). Some derivative distributions, called puplets, come with default window managers other than JWM.

When the operating system boots, everything in the Puppy package uncompresses into a RAM area, the "ramdisk". The PC needs to have at least 128 MB of RAM (with no more than 8 MB shared video) for all of Puppy to load into the ramdisk. However, it is possible for it to run on a PC with only about 48 MB of RAM because part of the system can be kept on the hard drive, or less effectively, left on the CD.

Puppy is fairly full-featured for a system that runs entirely in a ramdisk, when booted as Live system or from a "frugal" installation. However, Puppy also supports the "full" installation mode, which enables Puppy to run from a hard drive partition, without a ramdisk. Applications were chosen that met various constraints, size in particular. Because one of the aims of the distribution is to be extremely easy to set up, there are many wizards that guide the user through a wide variety of common tasks.

Package and distribution management
Puppy Linux's package manager, Puppy Package Manager, installs packages in PET (Puppy Enhanced Tarball) format by default but it also accepts packages from other distros (such as .deb, .rpm, .txz, and .tgz packages) or by using third-party tools to convert packages from other distros to PET packages. Puppy Package Manager can also trim the software bloat of a package to reduce the disk space used.

Building the distribution
On earlier releases of Puppy Linux, Puppy Unleashed was used to create Puppy ISO images. It consists of more than 500 packages that are put together according to the user's needs. However, on later versions starting with Puppy Linux version 5.0, it was replaced by Woof. It is an advanced tool for creating Puppy installations. It requires an Internet connection and some knowledge of Linux to use. It is able to download the binary source packages from another Linux distribution and process them into Puppy Linux packages by just defining the name of that Linux distro. It is equipped with a simpler version control named Bones on earlier releases but on later versions of woof, Fossil version control is used.

Puppy also comes with a remastering tool that takes a "snapshot" of the current system and lets the user create a live CD from it, and an additional remastering tool that is able to remove installed components.

Puppy Linux uses the T2 SDE build scripts to build the base binary packages.

Official variants
Because of the relative ease with which the Woof tool and the remaster tool can be used to build variants of Puppy Linux, there are many variants available. Variants of Puppy Linux are known as puplets.

After Barry Kauler reduced his involvement with the Puppy Project, he designed two new distributions within the same Puppy Linux family, Quirky and Wary.

Quirky – An embedded, less-stable distro with all files contained in an initramfs built into the kernel. It has simple module loading management but fewer drivers are included. It is used for experimental purposes.

Racy – A variant of puppy optimized for newer PCs.

Wary – A Puppy variant targeted at users with old hardware. It uses an older Linux kernel, which has long-term support and the newest applications.

Easy – A puppy variant in which the init script is completely rewritten and which uses originally developed application containers aside the conventional package management.

Reception
DistroWatch reviewer Rober Storey concluded about Puppy 5.2.5 in April 2011: "A lot of people like Puppy — it's in the top 10 of the DistroWatch page-hit ranking. I enjoy Puppy too, and it's what I run exclusively on my netbook. Maybe the only thing wrong with Puppy is that users' expectations tend to exceed the developer's intentions."

In a detailed review of Puppy Linux in May 2011 Howard Fosdick of OS News addressed the fact that Puppy Linux the user runs as the root UID, "In theory this could be a problem — but in practice it presents no downside. I've never heard of a single Puppy user suffering a problem due to this." Fosdick concluded "I like Puppy because it's the lightest Linux distro I've found that is still suitable for end users. Install it on an old P-III or P-IV computer and your family or friends will use it just as effectively for common tasks as any expensive new machine."

In December 2011 Jesse Smith, writing in DistroWatch, reviewed Puppy 5.3.0 Slacko Puppy. He praised its simplicity, flexibility and clear explanations, while noting the limitations of running as root. He concluded "I would also like to see an option added during the boot process which would give the user the choice of running in unprivileged mode as opposed to running as root. Always being the administrator has its advantages for convenience, but it means that the user is always one careless click away from deleting their files and one exploit away from a compromised operating system. As a live CD it's hard to beat Puppy Linux for both performance and functional software. It has minimal hardware requirements and is very flexible. It's a great distro as long as you don't push it too far out of its niche."

In December 2011 Howard Fosdick reviewed the versions of Puppy Linux then available. He concluded, "Puppy's diversity and flexibility make it a great community-driven system for computer enthusiasts, hobbyists, and tinkerers. They also make for a somewhat disorderly world. You might have to read a bit to figure out which Puppy release or Puplet is for you. Puppy's online documentation is extensive but can be confusing. It's not always clear which docs pertain to which releases. Most users rely on the active, friendly forum for support." He also noted "Those of us who enjoy computers sometimes forget that many view them with disdain. What's wrong with it now? Why do I have to buy a new one every four years? Why on earth do they change the interface in every release? Can't it just work? Puppy is a great solution for these folks. It's up-to-date, free, and easy to use. And now, it supports free applications from the Ubuntu, Slackware, or Puppy repositories. Now that's user-friendly."

An April 2020 review of Bionic 8.0 by Igor Ljubuncic in Dedoimedo concluded, "Puppy Linux delivered on its happy message, and even exceeded my expectations. Now, I've always been a fan, and rarely had anything bad to say, so a positive result was kind of warranted. What really amazed me was not that this is a lean and fast little distro - it's the fact it manages to keep its relevance despite the obvious lethargy in the Linux desktop space. You may say, well, why bother - but if you have older hardware or travel a lot, Puppy gives you your own, complete work session that will boot and run pretty much anywhere, with tons of goodies and excellent configuration tools."

title: Puppy Linux


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Francis Smith

Francis Smith may refer to:

Government and politics

 * Francis Smith (by 1516-1605), member of parliament (MP) for Truro and Stafford
 * Francis Smith, 2nd Viscount Carrington (c. 1621 – 1701), English peer
 * Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith (1806–1876), US representative from Maine
 * Francis Smith (Australian politician) (1819–1909), premier of Tasmania
 * Frank Smith (British politician) (1854–1940), MP for Nuneaton, 1929–1931
 * Francis Henry Smith (1868–1936), Reform Party member of parliament in New Zealand
 * Francis Smith (Missouri politician) (1905–1984), American politician from Missouri
 * Francis R. Smith (1911–1982), U.S. representative from Pennsylvania

Military

 * Francis Smith (British Army officer) (1723–1791), British officer during the American Revolutionary War
 * Francis Henney Smith (1812–1890), first superintendent of the Virginia Military Institute
 * Francis Smith (RAAF officer) (1896–1961), Australian World War I flying ace
 * F. Neale Smith (1930–2020), rear admiral in the United States Navy

Business

 * Francis Pettit Smith (1808–1874), British inventor of the screw propeller
 * Francis Shubael Smith (1819–1887), American publisher
 * Francis Marion Smith (1846–1931), American borax magnate

Sports and entertainment

 * Frank Smith (rugby union) (Francis Bede Smith; 1886–1954), Australian rugby union player
 * Fran Smith Jr. (born 1952), bass guitarist for The Hooters
 * Francie Larrieu Smith (born 1952), American track and field athlete

Science and academia

 * Francis Graham-Smith (born 1923), British astronomer
 * Francis Hopkinson Smith (1838–1915), American author, artist and engineer
 * Francis P. Smith (Duquesne University) (1907–1990), American Catholic priest and university president
 * Francis Smith of Warwick (1672–1738), English architect
 * Francis Smith (explorer), captain of an exploration vessel, during the Northwest Passage expedition of 1746

Others

 * Francis Wilford-Smith (1927–2009), British cartoonist, graphic artist, and producer and archivist of blues music
 * Francis Smith (priest) (fl. 1917–1959), South African Anglican priest
 * Francis Palmer Smith (1886–1971), American architect based in Atlanta, Georgia, also known as Francis P. Smith
 * Francis Smith (judge) (1847–1912), Sierra Leonean judge in the Gold Coast
 * Francis Jagoe Smith (1873–1969), Postmaster General of Ceylon

title: Francis Smith


text:
File:James Taylor - Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon.jpg

Summary
James Taylor "Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon" album cover

Licensing
Note that another version of this cover is public domain because of publication in Billboard without a copyright notice: File:James Taylor Billboard 1971 edit.jpg


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Kaliveli Lake

Kaliveli Lake, or Kaliveli Lagoon, is a coastal lake and lagoon with wetlands in the Viluppuram District of Tamil Nadu state, in eastern South India.

This lake is on the Coromandel Coast, near the Bay of Bengal. It lies approximately 16 km north of Pondicherry city, and 10 km north of Auroville.

Ecology
Kaliveli Lake is a seasonal wetland, with a gradient from freshwater to brackish water, and is an important feeding and breeding ground on migratory bird flyway. The lake is one of the largest wetlands in peninsular India, and is considered a wetland of both national and international importance by the IUCN.

It is currently threatened by encroachment from agricultural fields, wildlife poaching, loss of the surrounding forests, and increased commercial prawn farming.

Despite being one of the melting pot of southern Indian Coastal ecological site, this lake is hardly explored by nature lovers and environmental enthusiasts. 90% of the shores of this lake are not accessible through roads, which is also the main reason for its abundance of flora and fauna. One must take care of dangerous sinking peats and bogs while wading through these swamps. Also, these swamps are infested with mites and bugs that are carriers of most feared filariasis, malaria and other waterborne diseases. Hence the trekkers are advised to carry bugs repellant creams and thick boots. As this lake is always isolated and noticing another human is almost impossible in its 20 km vicinity, explorers are advised to carry sufficient food, water and other essential items.

History
The ruins of colonial Allamparwa Fort are located at the north channel's entrance point into Kaliveli Lagoon, on the Coromandel Coast.

title: Kaliveli Lake