text:
Sebastian Haffner

Raimund Pretzel (27 December 1907 – 2 January 1999), better known by his pseudonym Sebastian Haffner, was a German journalist and historian. As an émigré in Britain during World War II, Haffner argued that accommodation was impossible not only with Adolf Hitler but also with the German Reich with which Hitler had gambled. Peace could be secured only by rolling back "seventy-five years of German history" and restoring Germany to a network of smaller states.

As a journalist in West Germany, Haffner's conscious effort "to dramatize, to push differences to the top", precipitated breaks with editors both liberal and conservative. His intervention in the Spiegel affair of 1962, and his contributions to the anti-fascist rhetoric of the student New Left, sharply raised his profile.

After parting ways with Stern magazine in 1975, Haffner produced widely read studies focussed on what he saw as fateful continuities in the history of the German Reich (1871–1945). His posthumously published pre-war memoir, Geschichte eines Deutschen: Die Erinnerungen 1914–1933 (Defying Hitler: A Memoir) (2003) (direct translation of the title: History of a German) won him new readers in Germany and abroad.

School years
Haffner was born in 1907 as Raimund Pretzel in Berlin. During war years, 1914–18, he attended the primary school (Volkschule) of which his father Carl Pretzel was the principal. Of these years he recalls not the privations, but the army bulletins read with the excitement of a football fan following match scores. Haffner believed that it was from this experience of war by a generation of schoolboys as a "game between nations", more enthralling and emotionally satisfying than anything peace could offer, that Nazism was to draw much of its "allure": "its simplicity, its appeal to the imagination, and its zest action; but also its intolerance and its cruelty towards internal opponents".

After the war Haffner attended first a city-centre grammar school, the Königstädtisches Gymnasium Berlin in Alexanderplatz. Here he befriended children of the city's leading Jewish families in business and the liberal professions. They were precocious, cultivated and left-leaning. His adolescent politics, however, took a turn rightward after he moved, in 1924, to the Schillergymnasium in Lichterfelde heavily subscribed to by families in the military. Haffner was later to remark that: "My whole life has been determined by my experiences in these two schools".

Hitler and exile
After January 1933, Haffner witnessed as a law student the deployment of the SA as an "auxiliary police force" and, after the March Reichstag fire, their hounding of Jewish and democratic jurists from the courts. What shocked him most in these events was the complete absence of "any act of courage or spirit". In the face of Hitler's ascent it seemed as if "a million individuals simultaneously suffered a nervous collapse". There was disbelief, but no resistance.

Doctoral research allowed Haffner to take refuge in Paris, but unable to gain a foothold in the city he returned to Berlin in 1934. Having already published some shorter fiction as a serial novelist for the Vossische Zeitung, he was able to make a living writing feuilletons for style magazines where "a certain cultural aesthetic exclusivity was tolerated" by the Nazis. But the tightening of political controls and, more immediately, the pregnancy of his journalist girlfriend, classed as Jewish under the Nuremberg Laws, urged emigration. In 1938 Erika Schmidt-Landry (née Hirsch) (1899-1969) was able to join a brother in England, and Haffner, on a commission from the Ullstein Press, was able to follow her. They married weeks before the birth of their son Oliver Pretzel.

Britain's declaration of war against Germany on 3 September 1939 saved Haffner from deportation. As enemy aliens Haffner and his wife were interned, but in August 1940 they were among the first to be released from camps on the Isle of Man. In June, George Orwell's publisher Fredric Warburg had released Germany, Jekyll and Hyde, Haffner's first work in English and the first for which, to protect his family in Germany, he used the names he was to retain: Sebastian (from Johann Sebastian Bach) and Haffner (from Mozart's Haffner Symphony). In the House of Commons questions had been asked as to why the author of so important a book was being detained. Lord Vansittart described Haffner's analysis of "Hitlerism and the German problem" as "the most important [...] that has yet appeared".

Germany: Jekyll and Hyde
In a polemic that rehearsed the themes of his later historical work, Haffner argued that Britain was naïve in declaring its "quarrel" to be with Hitler only and not with the German people. Hitler had "gained more adherents in Germany and come nearer to absolute power than anyone before him", and had done so by "more or less normal means of persuasion and attraction." This did not mean that "Hitler is Germany", but it was rash to assume that beneath Germany's vaunted unity there existed nothing but  "discontent, secret opposition and repressed decency".

Germans had entered the war divided. Less than one in five were true devotees, the "real Nazis". No consideration, not even the "Bolshevik menace", could reconcile this "morally inaccessible" section of the New Germany to a stable Europe. The anti-Semitism that is their "badge" had outrun its original motive: the venting of Hitler's private resentments, the scapegoating of a minority as a safety valve for anti-capitalist sentiment. It functions rather as "a means of selection and trial", identifying those who are prepared, without pretext, to persecute, hunt and murder and thus be bound to the Leader by "the iron chains of a common crime". Hitler, in turn, (a "potential suicide par excellence") recognises only devotion to his own person.

A greater number of Germans—perhaps four in ten—wish only to see the back of Hitler and the Nazis. But "unorganised, dispirited and often in despair", very few identified with the submerged political opposition, itself divided and confused. Side-by-side they live with a roughly equal number of Germans who, dreading a further Versailles, bear "the surrender of personality, religion and private life" under Hitler as a "patriotic sacrifice". Through their generals, these Reich loyalists might eventually seek terms with the Allies, but Haffner urged caution. Anything less than a decisive break with the status quo ante would merely return to "a latent and passive state" the Reich's animating spirit of aggrandisement and "vulgar worship of force".

For there to be security in Europe, Haffner insisted (in original italics) that "[The] German Reich must disappear, and the last seventy-five years of Germany history must be erased. The Germans must retrace their steps to the point where they took the wrong path--to the year 1866" (the year when, on the battlefield of Königgrätz, Prussia removed Austrian protection from the smaller German states). Articulating a thesis he was to defend at length in his last (dictated) work, Von Bismarck zu Hitler (1987), Haffner maintained that "No peace is conceivable with the Prussian Reich which was born at that time, and whose last logical expression is no other than Nazi Germany". Germany should be returned to an historical pattern of regional states bound by confederal arrangements that are European and not exclusively national.

At the same time, Haffner admitted that part of the attraction for Germans would be that, repurposed as Bavarians, Rhinelanders and Saxons, they might escape Allied retribution. "We cannot", he reasoned, "both get rid of the German Reich and, identifying its 'Succession States', punish them for its sins". If the Allies wished the Reich mentality to die--"of which there was every possibility after the catastrophe of Nazism"—then the new states had to be given "a fair chance".

Churchill
There was a story that Churchill ordered every member of his war cabinet to read Haffner's book. If true, the regard would have been mutual. Of all his subsequent works, Haffner was to say that his short biography, Winston Churchill (1967), was his favourite. When in 1965 Churchill died, Sebastian Haffner wrote "it seemed as if not a mere mortal was buried, but English history itself".

Yet Haffner was disappointed that Churchill did not take up his ideas for a German Freedom Legion, a German academy in exile and a German committee. The Prime Minister was prepared to use anti-Nazi Germans as advisors, technical experts and agents in the special forces, but there was to be no London equivalent of the Moscow-based "National Committee for a Free Germany". Neal Ascherson nonetheless believes it possible that some of Churchill's ideas about post-war Germany had "roots in sections of Haffner's book".

Germany's division
In 1941 David Astor invited Haffner to join The Observer as political correspondent, while Edward Hulton recruited him as contributor to the popular Picture Post. The Observer's foreign editor and an influential opinion former in England, in 1948 Haffner became a naturalised British citizen. Through the so-called Shanghai Club (named after a restaurant in Soho), he associated with left-leaning and emigre journalists, among them E. H. Carr, George Orwell, Isaac Deutscher, Barbara Ward and Jon Kimche

On his return from war service, David Astor took a more active part in editorial matters, and there were clashes of opinion. Following a McCarthy-era trip to the United States, Haffner had soured on the North Atlantic alliance, and (with Paul Sethe of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung) he was unwilling to dismiss as bluff the March 1952 Stalin Note with its offer of Soviet withdrawal in return for German neutrality. In 1954 he accepted a financially generous offer to transfer to Berlin as The Observer's German correspondent.

In Germany, Haffner also wrote for the conservative national Die Welt, then edited by the Kapp Putsch veteran, Hans Zehrer. The publisher Axel Springer permitted discussion of neutrality (the "Austrian solution ") as the basis for a final German settlement, a prospect not definitively dismissed until the construction in September 1961 of the Berlin Wall. Haffner joined Springer in railing against the ineffectiveness of the western allied response to the sealing of the Soviet Bloc in Germany, a stance that occasioned his final break with Astor and The Observer.

Consistent with his post-Reich vision of 1940, Haffner was not, in principle, opposed to the existence of a second German state. In 1960 he had speculated on the future of the GDR as a "Prussian Free State" giving play, perhaps, to the National Bolshevist ideas of Ernst Niekisch. After the consolidation of the wall, and in a break with Axel Springer, Haffner was to see no alternative but to formally recognise a Soviet-Bloc East Germany. From 1969 he supported the Ostpolitik of the new Social-Democratic Chancellor, Willy Brandt.

The Spiegel affair
On 26 October 1962, the Hamburg offices of Der Spiegel were raided and closed by police. The publisher, Rudolf Augstein, along with the weekly's two editors-in-chief and a reporter were arrested. Defence minister Franz Josef Strauss levelled accusations of treason (Landesverrat) in respect of an article detailing a NATO projection of "imaginable chaos" in the event of a Soviet nuclear strike and criticising the Government's lack of preparedness. In a statement he was later obliged to recant, Strauss denied himself initiating the police action.

Springer offered its presses, teletypes and office space so Der Spiegel could keep on publishing. But it was at the cost of any further access to Die Welt that Haffner, in the Süddeutsche Zeitung (8 November 1962), pronounced on the violation of press freedom and constitutional norms. Invoking the spectre of the republican collapse in 1933, Haffner argued that German democracy was in the balance. Identified with what was to be seen a key turning point in the culture of the Federal Republic away from deference demanded by the old Obrigkeitsstaat (authoritarian state) Haffner found a new, and more liberal, readership with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and with the weeklies Die Zeit and Stern magazine.

Student protest and anti-Springer campaign
Together with young writers and activists of a new post-war generation, Haffner believed that the Federal Republic was paying a price for Adenauer's pragmatic refusal to press for an accounting of Nazi-era crimes. With implicit reference to these, in Stern Haffner denounced as "a systematic, cold-blooded, planned pogrom" a police riot in West Berlin in which a student protester, Benno Ohnesorg, was shot dead.

On June 2, 1967, rallied by Ulrike Meinhof's exposure in the New Left journal konkret of German complicity in the Pahlavi dictatorship, students had demonstrated against the visit of the Shah of Iran. When Iranian counter-demonstrators, including agents of the Shah's intelligence service, attacked the students, the police joined the affray beating the students into side street where an officer fired his side arm. Contributing himself to konkret (later revealed to have been subsidised by the East Germans) Haffner wrote that "with the Student pogrom of 2 June 1967 fascism in West Berlin had thrown off its mask".

Increasingly focussed on the war in Vietnam ("the Auschwitz of the young generation"), many, including Haffner's daughter Sarah, directed their anger at his former employer, Axel Springer. After the attempted assassination of the socialist student leader Rudi Dutschke on April 11, 1968, Springer titles (Bild : “Students threaten: We shoot back", "Stop the terror of the Young Reds-Now!") were again accused of incitement. The Morgenpost responded to a protest blockade of its presses by itself proposing parallels to Kristallnacht: "back then the Jews were robbed of their property; today it is the Springer concern that is threatened".

Ulrike Meinhof
Haffner's contribution to this pushing of "differences to the top" ("Zuspitzung") was not appreciated by Brandt's Social Democrats or by Stern, and especially not after Meinhof took what she regarded as a next logical step in a struggle with "fascism". "Protest", she wrote, "is when I say I don’t like this. Resistance is when I put an end to what I don’t like.” On 19 May 1972, the Red Army Faction (the "Baader Meinhof Gang") bombed Springer's Hamburg headquarters injuring 17 people. A week before they had claimed their first victim, an American officer killed by a pipe-bomb at U.S. military headquarters in Frankfurt am Main.

Like the novelists Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass, Haffner did not resist the temptation, in placing Meinhof's deeds in perspective, of a further swipe at Bild; "no one", he argued, had done more to plant "the seeds of violence" than Springer journalism. Yet Haffner expressed dismay at the number of people on the left he believed might, if asked, offer a fugitive Ulrike a bed for the night and breakfast. Nothing, he warned, could serve to discredit the left and a commitment to reform more than romanticising terrorism.

Celebrating the new liberalism
Haffner did not agree with the stringency of some of the security measures endorsed by the Brandt government. He objected to the 1972 Radikalenerlass (Anti-Radical Decree) that instituted a Berufsverbot barring certain public-sector occupations to persons with "extreme" political views. Marxists, he argued, must be able to be teachers and university professors "not because they are liberals, but because we are liberals" (Stern, 12 March 1972). However, Haffner no longer referred to police "pogroms" or to regime neo-fascism. In the 1960s the police may have beaten demonstrators on the streets, but no one, he countered, ever "heard of them having tortured them".

West Germany had changed. It may not have done enough to come to terms with the history of the Reich, but it had, in Haffner's view, "distanced itself from it with a light-footedness that no one had expected". The old authoritarianism, the sense of being a "subject" of the state, was "passé". The atmosphere had become "more liberal, more tolerant". Out of a nationalist, militaristic Volk there had emerged a comparatively modest, cosmopolitan ("weltbürgerlich") public.

Yet for some of Haffner's readers, there was to be a further, and "absurd", volte face.

"Hands off" Franco's Spain
In October 1975, the editorial board of Stern refused a submission from Haffner on the grounds that it violated the magazine's commitment to a "democratic constitutional order and to progressive-liberal principles".

In what was to prove its last use of capital punishment, on 27 September 1975 (just two months before Franco's death) Spain executed two members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) for the murder of policemen and civil guards. Not only did Haffner refuse to join the general international condemnation, he appeared positively to defend the Spanish dictatorship. In a piece provocatively titled "Hands off Spain", he argued that Spain had not done badly in its thirty-six years under Franco. There may not have been political freedom, but there had been economic modernisation and progress.

To many it appeared that Haffner had overplayed his reputation as a provocateur, an enfant terrible. His readership was reportedly falling: he had already dropped from the Allensbach Institute's list of leading West-German journalists.

Haffner allowed that he may have been moving right while Stern was moving left. In his last piece in Stern in October 1975, Haffner maintained he had no regrets in supporting Brandt's Ostpolitik or the regime change from Christian Democrat to Social Democrat. These had been "necessary". But he confessed to some disillusionment. The relaxation of Cold-War tensions had brought little in its wake (the GDR, if anything, had hardened "since we have been nice to them") and internally the BRD, the Federal Republic, had seen better times.

From Bismarck to Hitler
At age 68 Haffner decided to devote himself to his popular commentaries on German history. Already some of his serialisations in Stern had been worked into best sellers. Die verratene Revolution (1968), Haffners indictment of Social Democrats in the collapse of 1918 as Reich loyalists, ran into thirteen editions. Like all his work, it remained without footnotes, written for a popular audience (Haffner claimed to hate books you couldn't take to bed). Anmerkungen zu Hitler (1978) (published in English as The Meaning of Hitler) sold a million copies. (Golo Mann called it a "witty, original and clarifying book... excellently suited for discussion in the upper classes of schools") Enlarging on his wartime "psychogram of the Führer" in Germany: Jekyll and Hyde, the book placed Hitler in the shadow of the revolution Ebert and Noske betrayed.

Hitler, Haffner conceded, was no Prussian. Prussia had been "a state based on law", and its nationality policies had always "displayed noble toleration and indifference". But summarised in Haffner's final book, Von Bismarck zu Hitler (1987), the broader thesis remained. Through the "revolutions" of 1918 and of 1933, the Prussian-created Reich had endured with the same animating conviction. Born partly out of its geo-political exposure, it was that the Reich would either be a great power or collapse. Given their experience of this Reich, Haffner was confident that Germany's neighbours never would allow a successor: "alarm bells would go off if a new 80-million-strong power bloc were to rise up again at their borders.”

Death and family
In 1989/90, as Gorbachev scrambled his calculations and the Wall fell, Haffner reportedly feared that the Germans had been tempered less by the traumas of 1945the lessons of which he had tried to draw outthan by consequences of their country's division. He was unsure whether the Germans might not again be gripped by national megalomania. According to his daughter Sarah, the peaceful course of unification pleased him but, perhaps, made him feel more keenly that he had outlived his time. Haffner died on January 2, 1999, at the age of 91.

Christa Rotzoll, a journalist whom Haffner had married after he had been widowed in 1969, predeceased him in 1995. Haffner was survived by his two children with Erika Schmidt-Landry. Sarah Haffner (1940–2018) was a painter and a feminist documentary-film maker. She believed that her own political involvement may have played some part in her father's engagement with the student movement in the 1960s. His son, Oliver Pretzel (1938- ), was Professor of Mathematics at Imperial College London. After his father's death he collated the memoir started early in 1939 but abandoned for the more urgent propaganda value of Germany: Jekyll & Hyde, and arranged for its publication as Geschichte eines Deutschen/Defying Hitler (direct translation of the title: History of a German).

In the recollection of Marcel Reich-Ranicki
Haffner's close friend, the Holocaust-survivor and literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki (1920–2013), remarked that Haffner's books were not only as instructive as his conversation, they were as entertaining. German journalists or historians who lived in exile in England or the United States worked for the press there, Reich-Ranicki suggested, wrote differently than before. Even after their return they wrote in a "clearer, more spirited" style that could be at once more factual and wittier. This, they found out, was a combination "also possible in German".

In English and English translation

 * 1940 Germany: Jekyll & Hyde, Secker and Warburg, London. 2008, Germany, Jekyll & Hyde: A Contemporary Account of Nazi Germany. London: Abacus.
 * 1941 Offensive Against Germany, London: Searchlight Books/Secker & Warburg.
 * 1979 The Meaning of Hitler [Anmerkungen zu Hitler]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-55775-1.
 * 1986 Failure of a Revolution: Germany 1918-1919 [Die verratene Revolution – Deutschland 1918/19], Banner Press, ISBN 978-0-916650-23-0
 * 1991 The Ailing Empire: Germany from Bismarck to Hitler [Von Bismarck zu Hitler: Ein Rückblick], New York: Fromm International Publishing, ISBN 978-0-88064-127-2
 * 1998 The Rise and Fall of Prussia [Preußen ohne Legende], Phoenix Giants, ISBN 978-0-7538-0143-7
 * 2003 Defying Hitler, a Memoir, [Geschichte eines Deutschen. Die Erinnerungen 1914–1933], London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson.  ISBN 0-312-42113-3.

In German

 * 1964 Die sieben Todsünden des deutschen Reiches im Ersten Weltkrieg. Nannen Press, Hamburg.
 * 1967 Winston Churchill, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg. ISBN 3-463-40413-3
 * 1968 Die verratene Revolution – Deutschland 1918/19, Stern-Buch, Hamburg. 2006, 13th edition: Die deutsche Revolution – 1918/19. Anaconda Verlag, 2008, ISBN 3-86647-268-4
 * 1978 Anmerkungen zu Hitler, Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main. ISBN 3-596-23489-1. The Meaning of Hitler, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA (1979). ISBN 0-674-55775-1. Published in English:
 * 1979 Preußen ohne Legende, Gruner & Jahr, Hamburg. 1980 The Rise and Fall of Prussia, George Weidenfeld, London.
 * 1980 Überlegungen eines Wechselwählers, Kindler GmbH, München. ISBN 3-463-00780-0
 * 1982 Sebastian Haffner zur Zeitgeschichte. Kindler, Munich. ISBN 978-3463008394
 * 1985 Im Schatten der Geschichte: Historisch-politische Variationen,. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-421-06253-6
 * 1987 Von Bismarck zu Hitler: Ein Rückblick, Kindler, Munich. ISBN 3-463-40003-0.
 * 1989 Der Teufelspakt: die deutsch-russischen Beziehungen vom Ersten zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Manesse Verlag, Zurich. ISBN 3-7175-8121-X
 * 1997 Zwischen den Kriegen. Essays zur Zeitgeschichte, Verlag 1900.ISBN 3-930278-05-7.

Published posthumously

 * 2000 Geschichte eines Deutschen. Die Erinnerungen 1914–1933. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich. ISBN 3-423-30848-6.
 * 2000 Der Neue Krieg, Alexander, Berlin. ISBN 3-89581-049-5
 * 2002 Die Deutsche Frage: 1950 – 1961: Von der Wiederbewaffnung bis zum Mauerbau, Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt a. M.. ISBN 3-596-15536-3
 * 2003 Schreiben für die Freiheit, 1942-1949. Als Journalist im Sturm der Ereignisse. Frankfurt-am-Main.
 * 2004 Das Leben der Fußgänger. Feuilletons 1933–1938, Hanser, Carl GmbH & Co., Munich. ISBN 3-4462-0490-3
 * 2016 Der Selbstmord des Deutschen Reichs, Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main. ISBN 3-596-31002-4
 * 2019 The Ailing Empire: Germany from Bismarck to Hitler, Fromm International Publishing, ISBN 978-0-88064-127-2

title: Sebastian Haffner


text: Category:1573 births

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:1573 births


text: Category:Olympic rowers for Canada

title: Category:Olympic rowers for Canada


text: Category:890s deaths

title: Category:890s deaths


text:
Michael Szymanczyk

Michael Edward "Mike" Szymanczyk (born 3 January 1949) is a former Chairman and CEO of Altria Group, serving in that position from 2008 to 2012. He previously served as Chairman and CEO of Philip Morris Companies Inc. between April 2002 and August 2002.

Biography
He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from the Kelley School of Business of Indiana University in 1971. Szmanczyk played varsity basketball for Indiana University

He started his career at Procter & Gamble, working his way through their brand management path.

Prior to his appointment as chairman, he served as President and CEO of Philip Morris USA between November 1997 and April 2002. He was Chief Operating Officer of Philip Morris USA from July 1997 to November 1997. Michael first joined Philip Morris USA as Senior Vice President, Sales, in October 1990.

Philanthropy
He currently serves on the board of trustees for the Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, the University of Richmond, and the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Engineering Foundation. Szmanczyk is also Chairman of the Dean's Advisory Council for the school's Kelley School of Business.

title: Michael Szymanczyk


text:
Category:Hand games

As of January 2016 hand game defines a hand game as "games played using only the hands of the players". This would exclude many games of physical skill employing only the hands and any object(s).

title: Category:Hand games


text:
Talk:List of towns in the Republic of Ireland/to do

Place names in bold in Need articles have populations of over 2,500, which should be considered priority over other towns in new articles. Place names in bold in other areas are important and deserve vastly larger articles than they currently have. Places in italics are missing an Irish placename.

Need articles
Abbeyshrule, Aghaboe, Arvagh, Ballyconnell, Ballickmoyler, Ballinagh, Ballyjamesduff, Ballymascanlon, Ballyragget, Bangor Erris, Bellavary, Bellderrig, Belturbet, Bennetsbridge, Blacklion, Blackrock, Butlersbridge, Cadamstown, Carlingford, Castlebellingham, Castlecomer, Carrigadrohid, Castlehill, Charlestown, Clane, Clogherhead, Clonbur, Clonenagh, Clonmacnois, Collon, Cootehill, Cregganbaun, Cross, Crossmolina, Curracloe, Donaghmore, Dowra, Dromiskin,  Dunboyne, Edenderry, Freshford, Glangevlin, Golden Falls, Gowran, Greenore, Hollymount, Inistioge, Inniscarra, , Keel, Keshcarrigan, Kilkelly, Killeshandra, Kilmaine, Kiltimagh, Kinnity, Knocktopher, Leitrim village, Louth, Mansfieldtown, Mayo, Monasterevan, Mountrath, Moyne, Mullinavat, Mulrany, Neale, Newmarket, Omeath, Paulstown, Poulaphouca, Rathmullan, Ross Port, Shannon Harbour, Shrule, Strade, Swinford, Termonfeckin, Tower, Tulsk, Vicarstown

County only/one fact
Ballylickey, Oldcastle , Oysterhaven, Rathcoole, Rathkeale, Tuarnafola

Extremely Short/one to two lines
Achill Sound, Aghabullogue, Allihies, Ardara, Aughleam, Ballaghaderreen, Ballincollig, Ballingarry, Ballindine, Ballinhassig, Ballon, Ballinamore, Ballintubber, Ballybunion, Ballycastle, Ballycotton, Ballydehob,, Ballyhale, Ballyheigue, Ballynahinch, Bantry, Belmullet, Blarney, Boyle, Buncrana, Cahersiveen, Cahir, Carnaross, Carndonagh, Carrickmacross, Carrigallen, Castleconnell, Castlerea, Castlemartyr, Clondalkin, Clontarf, Cloyne, Courtmacsherry, Dromod, Drumshanbo, , Dunmore East, Emo, Garryspellane, Gort,  Gougane Barra, Graiguenamanagh, Granard, Headford, Howth, Inishcrone, Julianstown, Kanturk, Kilcormac, Kilflynn, Killadysert, Killiney, Kilmallock, Kingscourt, Knightstown, Liscannor, Lucan, Manorhamilton, Millstreet, Monkstown, Mohill, Mountshannon, Murrisk, , O'Briensbridge, Oughterard, Palmerstown, Partry, Pontoon, Ringaskiddy, Rochfordbridge, Roosky, Roundstone, Rylane, Saggart, Sandyford, Scariff, Stradone, Templeogue, Union Hall, Urlingford, Virginia

Very short (two to four lines)
Abbeylara, Ardee, Askeaton, Athea, Athy, Ballinakill, Ballyhaunis, Ballylickey, Ballymahon, Ballymote, Ballyshannon, Baltimore, Banagher, Cappamore, Carrowteige, Carrick-on-Shannon, Carrick-on-Suir, , Castleisland, Castleknock, Castletownbere, Charleville, Clara, Claremorris, Coachford, Cong, Coolock, Cratloe, Croom, Crosshaven, Drumcondra, Dunfanaghy, , Edgeworthstown, Ennistimon, , Foxford, Glandore, Glounthaune, Goleen, Gorey, Harold's Cross, Hospital, Inagh, , Kilbeggan, Kilcock, Kilkee, Killaloe, Kilrush, Kilkieran, Kinnegad, Lahinch, Leap, Lecanvey, Lifford, Lisdoonvarna, Lismore, Lissycasey, Longford, Malahide, Moate, Monkstown, , Mulhuddart, Newcastle West, Newmarket-on-Fergus, Newport, Oola, Oranmore, Portarlington, Portmagee, Portmarnock, Rathdowney, Rathfarnham, Rathgar, Redhouse, Roscommon, Roscrea, Rosenallis, Rosscarbery, /Rosslare Europort, Schull, Shanagarry, Slane , Spanish Point, Spiddal, Stillorgan, Stradbally, Strokestown, Templemore, Thomastown, Thurles, Timoleague, Tourmakeady, Tubbercurry, Tramore, Trim, Tullow, Tyrrellspass, Waterville, Westport

Short, needs expansion due to importance
Bandon, Birr, Donegal, Letterkenny, Nenagh, Portlaoise, County Sligo , Tipperary

Need Irish placename
*Ballydesmond - (Irish name now added, but article still needs cleanup)

To translate or copy images from
*it:Castlebar -> Castlebar *it:Westport (Irlanda) -> Westport *it:Donegal Town -> Donegal
 * ga:Caisleán an Bharraigh -> Castlebar (trans from Gaeilge)

Tackled/Under expansion
Athlone, Ballinrobe, Clifden, Delvin, Foxrock, Glenties, Greencastle, Letterkenny, Maynooth, Mount Merrion Sallins, Skerries, Terenure, Tralee

Need Town Crest Image
Birr, Drogheda , Wexford

Articles needing to be split
- Split into and Knock Shrine


text: Category:1584 births

title: Category:1584 births


text:
Talk:2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip

Civilians
I don't think Israeli civilians should be listed as I.D.F. Nor should Palestinian civilians be listed as H.A.M.A.S., although I suppose they are harder to distinquish. — Preceding unsigned comment added by The Sham (talk • contribs) 13:24, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

Israeli settlement "illegality" in Israel woman's death
Xed, in Wiki's "NPOV" rules, you either have to delete the statement "considered illegal by the UN (general assembly)", or add the other side of it which is that it is NOT considered illegal by Israel or the UN Security Council, both of which have much greater power than the UN General Assembly. The wording is weird if you include the other side, so just delete all references to it, since it doesn't make a difference anyways, unless you want to blame the victim here for her death (which I suspect some want to do, but I'll assume the best about you).

For your request to "give a source", I can't prove a negative (since the UNSC doesn't think it's illegal, there is no "affirming" source). However, the overriding UNSC document is Security Council Resolution 242, which is the source of most of the confusion here. Read below

[]. Note the lack of any supporting evidence for illegality of settlements.

Terrapin 20:36, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Since you can't provide a source, I think it's probably best if you leave these sorts of articles alone as you can't seem to control your bias. Thanks -- Xed 21:02, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What are you talking about? There is NO source that says the UN Security Council and United States thinks that the settlements are ILLEGAL, because they DON'T think they are illegal.  That's the point (and the source provided, the main source in UNSC, intentionally says NOTHING about it, because it's NOT illegal).  Unless you have a source that says these entities think it is illegal, then, to them, it is NOT.  Basic reading comprehension.  Anyone?  Anyone?  Am I wrong?  Terrapin 21:09, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * If the UNSC doesn't mention them, them why should this article mention UNSC's non-position, unless for reasons of partisanship? Please note that personal attacks and threatening remarks are not allowed on Wikipedia. - Xed 21:25, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Because a non-statement on a position IS a position, particularly in the United Nations Security Council or government policy (do you expect every group to AFFIRM every stance? "The Security Council Resolution 563 States that Milk is good for healthy bones"). And doubly so when the entities mentioned have FAR more clout than the General Assembly.  Hell, the League of Women Voters has more clout and force.  Literally.

It's irrelevant what the UNGA feels about them, since the UNGA is not a body which sets or rules on International law, and its resolutions have no binding force. Jayjg 21:45, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It's not "irrelevant" - it's an expression of most of the world's governments' opinions. - Mustafaa 22:10, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Mustafaa, you are trying to convince thieves and mass murderers that they should be law-abiding citizens. Good luck! --Alberuni 22:19, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Your antisemitic and flaming comments are unacceptable here. If you can't behave like a civilized humen being, then go. This is not the place for hatred-crazed Hamas terrorists nor their hatred-crazed supporters. MathKnight 08:48, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * This discussion was on the legality of the settlements, and my point was that what the UNGA feels is irrelevant to International Law and thus the legality of the settlements. Jayjg 22:48, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Events - Oct 18 dispute
In my last edit put Hamas-affiliated website (as noted by CSmonitor) statement into context by addig "both side claimed victory..." and added IDF Jacob Delal statement (as queted bt CSmonitor) to balance. I think it resolves the differences. Please comment here before starting another edit-war. MathKnight 20:17, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Isn't the name of this operation Days of Repentence? Evolver of Borg 22:11, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * In Hebrew the name is "Yemey Teshuva" where "Teshuva" is literally means "answer" or a "reply". To "return in Teshuva" is to become an adherent religious Jew after you been a secular Jew. "Repentence" can also be valid translation but all the English-speaking news networks use the term "Days of Penitence". MathKnight 14:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Different estimates of death tolls provided
What is the issue with them? Jayjg 02:28, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I would think post-operation totals from Associated Press and Reuters would be considered at least neutral, if not pro-Palestinian. Particularly as one of them gets their totals from Palestinian medics. Jayjg 04:01, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'm also not sure how providing the range of estimates comprises "playing number games with the dead". Jayjg 04:30, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What range of estimates? The death toll is crystal clear. Every fatality is listed by name, age and village on the page] that you and your friends voted to delete. You play games with the numbers to inflate the body count of militants to justify another Israeli atrocity in a long series. Your motives are also crystal clear. [[User:Alberuni|Alberuni 04:40, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The end of the article lists different estimates from 4 sources, Reuters, Associated Press, the Al Mezan Center, and Israel. Why is the Al Mezan's tally the only correct one, and everyone else's (including that of Palestinian medics) suppressed? Jayjg 15:29, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Quote of widow non-notable
Why is the quote of the widow notable? Why does it belong in an encyclopedia article? Jayjg 02:29, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"Occupation colonies"
Does anyone seriously believe describing Israeli settlements as "occupation colonies" is NPOV? Please take NPOV seriously. Jayjg 02:30, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I believe Occupied territories is NPOV. The settlements are colonies. What would you call them? Disputed facts on the ground? Your POV is getting in the way. Alberuni 03:14, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I personally would describe them as Israeli towns and villages, but that's not important. More relevant, the article should describe them the way they were already described, and the way Wikipedia describes them, as Israeli settlements, which is more NPOV than any of the other descriptions you've provided. Jayjg

 * Haha, you consider illegal Jewish settlements on Occupied Palestinian Territory to be Israeli towns and villages. Well, your POV is somewhere to the right of Ariel Sharon. But we already knew that. Alberuni 03:53, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Please use the Talk: pages to discuss article content, not me. Wikipedia has a name for these places, Israeli settlements, let's just use it. Jayjg 04:03, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Israeli settlements should be in Israel. These are Jewish settlements in Occupied Territory. Alberuni 04:41, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your opinions about the way the world "should" run are interesting, but the world and Wikipedia both have a term for these towns, let's just use it. Jayjg 21:36, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Quote from Anan
The quote from Anan on Oct 3 is already in the timeline; why duplicate it in the summary? Jayjg 02:34, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"Analysts on both sides agree"
"Analysts on both sides agree that Israel's proclamation of success is premature because the cause for attacks on Israel has not been removed and this bloody invasion has probably inspired more Palestinians to join active resistance."

Which analysts agreed to this? Did they really refer to it as a "bloody invasion"? Please provide references for this claim, the original source showed that "analysts on both sides" said something quite different:. Jayjg 02:34, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Analysts on both sides agree that Israel's invasion will not stop rocket attacks on illegal Jewish settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territory. Alberuni 02:35, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * But where did the analysts on both sides "agree that Israel's proclamation of success is premature because the cause for attacks on Israel has not been removed and this bloody invasion has probably inspired more Palestinians to join active resistance"? That is the claim made in the article. Jayjg 02:40, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sderot is an "illegal Jewish settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territory"? Analysts don't say such things because analysts know geography.
 * The quotation above is clearly POV and the terminology you just used is unacceptable in Wiki articles. MathKnight 10:35, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Who sets the policy on use of terminology like Occupied Palestinian Territories in Wikipedia? --Alberuni 22:09, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The policy is set by a compromise made by Wiki users. When there are highly disputed terms with flammable potential, user reach compromise about the most NPOV term which most users can live with. BTW: Sderot is outside the Gaza Strip. No one except Hamas calls Sderot an illegal settlement. The Hamas POV and terminology is not accepteable in most of the civilized world, including on Wiki. MathKnight 22:52, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What does this have to do with the claim that "Analysts on both side agree"? Which analysts, and where did they say that? Jayjg 22:15, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Alberuni (2:38 revert was before your 2:40 comments, perhaps you should learn to read the time)
Please note the time of my comments above, they were all before 2:38 except my response to your 2:38 comment. You didn't even respond to the first 3 of my comments. Jayjg 03:16, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Entire article duplicated!
Alberuni, now you've duplicated the entire article, including events and timeline, and insisted on reverting to that several times! The article has suddently doubled in size, with no new information. What is the point of doing this? Jayjg 15:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for noticing the glitch. --Alberuni 22:07, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Discussion of objections
1. The widow quote
 * The widow quote is notable and useful because it sums up the operation and its results:
 * The Qassams, the Israeli wanton and indiscriminate destruction and continued defiance of Palestinians in the face of it are all here in one sentences. The only thing missing is the deaths, otherwise we could replace the entire article with this quote. HistoryBuffEr 03:50, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

 * The widow quote is a non-encyclopedic emotional response intended to invoke an emotional response. Dry facts, or statements by senior political figures or internationally reconized analysts are more relevant. Jayjg 15:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure you have not shed any tears over it. Opinion of ordinary Palestinians, without whose support there would be no resistance, is more important than what some stuffed suit says. HistoryBuffEr 01:53, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)

 * Perhaps to you, but not to an encyclopedia article. Jayjg 02:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

2. Occupation colonies
 * Israel's occupation is a matter of fact under the International law and facts are inherently neutral. "Colonies" is an obvious and neutral term for places inhabited by the occupier/colonist (and "settlements" is obviously a pro-occupier term as it masks their true nature.) HistoryBuffEr 03:50, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

 * Whether it is legally an occupation is widely disputed under International law; I'd like you to quote the relevant law, by the way. "Colonies" is an obviously NPOV term for the Israel towns and villages in the disputed territories.  "Settlements" itself is often seen as anti-Israel POV, since they are obviously simply towns and villages.  Regardless, Israeli settlements is the generally used term, and the term which Wikipedia uses as well. Jayjg 15:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The dispute exists only in your extremist head. Even your Fuehrer admits it, so get over it. HistoryBuffEr 01:53, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)

 * Israeli settlements is the generally used term, and the term which Wikipedia uses as well. Jayjg 02:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

3. Analysts on both sides agree
 * This "operation" has been widely discussed in the media (TV, newspapers, web). I have seen and read a handful of such discussions and the sentiment is pretty much unanimous, as described. If someone disagrees with the analysis, bring it on here (if you're good at it maybe we can sign you up for the next talk show :) HistoryBuffEr 03:50, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

 * You have reversed the burden of proof. If there are analysts who say exactly what the article claims, then quote them, or even better link to them saying it. Jayjg 15:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You have yet to tell us what do you disagree with in the analysis, without dispute there is nothing to prove. (That the invasion was bloody is a simple fact, if that's what bothers you.) HistoryBuffEr 01:53, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)

 * See below for discussion of the POV term "bloody". See burden of proof for the rest. Jayjg 02:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

4. Quote from Annan
 * The quote from Annan (and Arab League call) is an obvious lead in to the next paragraph talking about UNSC discussions. Otherwise, the next paragrapgh hangs in the air (why the UNSC suddenly started debating?) HistoryBuffEr 03:50, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

 * The UNSC "suddenly" starts debating just about every military action that Israel takes, regardless of what Annan does or doesn't say. The quote itself interrupted the flow of the overview with needless detail, and was simply duplicated from the actual detail section, given below. Jayjg 15:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * General rants are not considered effective arguments. The paragraph needs a lead in, and the short and NPOV sentence does it well. HistoryBuffEr

 * Exactly; general rants are not considered effective arguments, and the quote itself interrupted the flow of the overview with needless detail, and was simply duplicated from the actual detail section, given below. Jayjg 02:36, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * HistoryBuffEr 03:50, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

""Laughing My Fucking Ass Off"
User Terrapin seems to think that the violent and bloody death of more than 130 people is something that you Laugh Your Fucking Ass Off about. Personally, I think this shows he is incapable of maintain a NPOV on this subject, and he would be best off joining the army or becoming a successful serial killer. - Xed 15:34, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry if I wasn't clear. I was laughing at the assertion that inserting "bloody invasion" is a NEUTRAL POV (NPOV) statement.  Casualties are listed, there is no confirmation of just how "bloody" anything was, it's just baiting material. I think you might need to take a break from Wiki for awhile. Terrapin 15:39, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * So 130 deaths is not bloody? What would you describe as - peaceful? - Xed 15:55, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Here's some adjectives you can use instead of "bloody" (which was chosen only because its the most "visceral" and baiting adjective you can find, outside of maybe "bloodthirsty"). If you want, you can make the edit.  Here they are:  "violent, destructive, damaging,".  There are others less obnoxious and baiting than "bloody". Use your head and enthrall me with your writing skills! Terrapin 16:01, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, the quote implied that analysts from both sides described it as a "bloody invasion". Jayjg 15:42, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Did Xed just go insane?
See below. Terrapin 16:13, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * For examples of insanity, it would be best for you to consult a nearby mirror. Please get to work changing all the articles below - as your arguments suggest this is the only course open to you. -- Xed 16:22, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * * O.K., I will! POV statements in other articles doesn't validate the POV statement in THIS article. I will change them.  Do I have to do them in alphabetical order, or can I start with this one? Operation Days of Penitence.  I'll start with this one and work my way through some of these over time.  I take it I don't have to change article titles like "bloody mary". ;-)  Terrapin 16:27, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Come back to this article once you're done- Xed 16:32, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Now your argument is that I have to do them in alphabetical order, or in the order you require? How does finishing a job that would take weeks justify your position? Is your position now that you are indeed wrong, and now are just trying to buy time?  It would appear so, because you've dropped any coherent argument in favor of creating weird "edit rules".  Are you O.K.?  I'm serious.  People who are unable to maintain a clear focus in arguments can sometimes be helped by either an MAOI or Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Terrapin 16:41, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Personal attacks are against the rules of Wikipedia. You can edit the articles in any order you prefer. Come back when you are finished. - Xed 16:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Rules which you have violated as well. 2 wrongs does not make a right.--Josiah 18:38, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for allowing me to pick the order. I start on THIS one. Terrapin 18:08, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, and I HAVE changed some of them, too! I've started with some of the more pro-islam/pro-palestine articles (they're usually way more POV).  Your brothers in arms thank you. Terrapin 16:45, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Interesting that you start on those. "no one will question the POV of this user" - Xed 16:56, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Exactly; POV in other articles doesn't justify POV here. Define "bloody". Jayjg 16:30, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Bloody
A brief list of articles which use the word "bloody". It seems that in all other conflicts the word bloody can be used, with no one complaining. But when Palestinians die, it can NEVER be bloody. How odd. I expect you to change all these articles to remove the bloody, or leave the bloody in this article - Xed 16:08, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

1.	Algeria (13560 bytes)

2.	Anarchy (5537 bytes)

3.	Argentina (14547 bytes)

4.	Attila the Hun (23860 bytes)

5.	American Civil War (35844 bytes)

6.	Agatha Christie (10034 bytes)

7.	Australian Labor Party (8447 bytes)

8.	Algiers (10315 bytes)

9.	April 18 (6263 bytes)

10.	Australian English (22999 bytes)

11.	Ann Arbor, Michigan (13719 bytes)

12.	Australian Army (21277 bytes)

13.	Anabaptist (27819 bytes)

14.	Ariel Sharon (16927 bytes)

15.	Durrani Empire (11212 bytes)

16.	Augusto Pinochet (22059 bytes)

17.	Berlin Film Festival (4844 bytes)

18.	Beijing (32532 bytes)

19.	Baldur (6048 bytes)

20.	Battle of Peleliu (3072 bytes)

21.	Battle of Stalingrad (22114 bytes)

22.	Black Sabbath (10497 bytes)

23.	Book of Nahum (1613 bytes)

24.	Banshee (1238 bytes)

25.	Battle of Jutland (26949 bytes)

26.	Bloody Sunday (1008 bytes)

1: Bloody Sunday can refer to any of (in chronological o...

3: *Bloody Sunday 1887, London, England, [[13 November...

4: *Bloody Sunday (1900), high casualty day of the [[Boer ...

5: *Bloody Sunday 1905, Russia, January 22, [[1905...

27.	British Empire (43875 bytes)

28.	Battle of Gettysburg (24327 bytes)

29.	Black metal (10490 bytes)

30.	Bloody Mary (3496 bytes)

1: Bloody Mary is a term that can refer to a historical ...

4: Bloody Mary is the name used to refer to Queen [[Mary...

31.	Black and Tans (5597 bytes)

32.	Bloody Sunday (Northern Ireland 1972) (9230 bytes)

1: ...Bloody Sunday (Ireland 1920)]].) For others see Bloody Sunday (disambiguation page)''

3: [[Image:bloodysunday.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Derry civil rights as...

5: ... 30]], 1972, in an incident since known as Bloody Sunday, twenty-seven people were shot by [[Uni...

33.	Burns supper (7511 bytes)

34.	Christianity (34020 bytes)

35.	Politics of Croatia (12984 bytes)

36.	Cthulhu Mythos (15330 bytes)

37.	History of China (29453 bytes)

38.	Church of England (15648 bytes)

39.	Canadian English (10410 bytes)

40.	History of Sarajevo (9321 bytes)

41.	October 2003 (80822 bytes)

42.	Caligula (11198 bytes)

43.	Catherine of Aragon (10511 bytes)

2: ...age to her after she had born him a girl, later Bloody Mary.

44.	Coup d'état (13057 bytes)

45.	Crass (15391 bytes)

46.	Devon (15479 bytes)

47.	Detective fiction (18496 bytes)

48.	Day (3672 bytes)

49.	Deus Ex (18845 bytes)

50.	December 22 (6799 bytes)

51.	David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (2783 bytes)

52.	Derry (13897 bytes)

53.	The Evil Dead (2127 bytes)

54.	Elizabeth I of England (34289 bytes)

55.	Edward VI of England (14611 bytes)

56.	Emperor Saga of Japan (1400 bytes)

3: ... to forment a rebellion, which Saga put down in a bloody civil war.

57.	Cinema of Russia (6534 bytes)

58.	Francis Bacon (29403 bytes)

59.	February 2 (8708 bytes)

60.	February 9 (7156 bytes)

61.	Falklands War (51397 bytes)

62.	Greek mythology (18101 bytes)

63.	History of Georgia (16855 bytes)

64.	Guinea-Bissau (7505 bytes)

65.	History of Guinea-Bissau (6091 bytes)

1: ...he history of Guinea-Bissau is long and bloody.

66.	Ghost (9309 bytes)

67.	Goths (6107 bytes)

68.	Gay rights (28283 bytes)

69.	History of Spain (30137 bytes)

70.	History of Turkey (11283 bytes)

71.	History of Honduras (11370 bytes)

72.	Horror film (11477 bytes)

73.	History of England (25827 bytes)

74.	History of Scotland (52685 bytes)

75.	Hobart (11139 bytes)

76.	History of Palestine (22716 bytes)

77.	Hiragana (13707 bytes)

78.	History of Malaysia (15506 bytes)

79.	History of Afghanistan (18353 bytes)

80.	History of India (19145 bytes)

81.	Hamas (22293 bytes)

82.	Henry VII of England (10463 bytes)

83.	Hussite (10452 bytes)

84.	Hamster (21658 bytes)

85.	Invictus (1990 bytes)

86.	Irish Republican Army (15707 bytes)

87.	Iran-Contra Affair (11924 bytes)

1: ... trade|arms]] to Iran, which was engaged in a bloody war with its neighbor Iraq from 1980 to [...

88.	Icon (7127 bytes)

89.	Irish language (32894 bytes)

90.	International Brigade (22787 bytes)

91.	Ignatius of Antioch (2684 bytes)

5: ...icine to immortality". The very strong desire for bloody martyrdom in the arena, which Ignatius expresses ...

92.	July 25 (9606 bytes)

93.	January 30 (8269 bytes)

94.	John Cleese (5556 bytes)

95.	January 22 (9773 bytes)

96.	July 17 (7329 bytes)

97.	Jutland (2972 bytes)

98.	Jehu (5388 bytes)

99.	Jedi (17143 bytes)

100.	James II of England (20878 bytes)

101.	Kosovo War (65967 bytes)

102.	Katana (28950 bytes)

103.	Knight (4803 bytes)

104.	Khartoum (1423 bytes)

5: ...ary 26]], 1885. Omdurman was the scene of the bloody battle (September 2, [...

105.	Library of Alexandria (20377 bytes)

106.	History of Liberia (7426 bytes)

107.	History of Lithuania (18422 bytes)

108.	Lassa fever (7320 bytes)

109.	Liverpool (16631 bytes)

110.	Lech Walesa (11444 bytes)

111.	Dead Parrot (3341 bytes)

112.	History of Mexico (18637 bytes)

113.	May 12 (8795 bytes)

114.	Martin Luther (28936 bytes)

115.	March 7 (6273 bytes)

116.	May 21 (8297 bytes)

117.	Marriage (22116 bytes)

118.	Martin Luther King, Jr. (13418 bytes)

119.	Margaret Murray (14037 bytes)

120.	Mary I of Scotland (19462 bytes)

4: ... first cousin once removed Mary I of England (Bloody Mary), who lived at approximately the same time (...

121.	Mary I of England (23998 bytes)

2: ...d; as a consequence, she is sometimes known as Bloody Mary. Her religious policies, however, were in...

122.	Maori (8163 bytes)

123.	Mohammed Zahir Shah (2637 bytes)

5: ...he late 1970s. He has remained aloof from the bloody feuds that followed the Soviet withdrawal in [[19...

124.	Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (19537 bytes)

125.	Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/NATO at the 2004 Summer Olympics (5693 bytes)

126.	Northwest Territories (13314 bytes)

127.	Politics of Nepal (9910 bytes)

128.	Nigeria (13701 bytes)

129.	History of Nigeria (27036 bytes)

130.	Nero (21196 bytes)

131.	No Wave (2395 bytes)

3: ...d confrontation ("little orphans running thru the bloody snow/no more ankles and no more clothes"-Teenage ...

132.	Northern Alliance (2910 bytes)

5: ...] in 1992 from the Soviet-backed regime. This bloody feuding between forces loyal to President [[Burha...

133.	November 13 (6677 bytes)

134.	Owain Glyndwr (3530 bytes)

135.	Operation Barbarossa (23485 bytes)

136.	Osiris (5263 bytes)

137.	Provisional Irish Republican Army (20870 bytes)

138.	List of protest songs (21638 bytes)

139.	Pharisee (30654 bytes)

140.	Pope Clement V (6380 bytes)

141.	Profanity (11839 bytes)

2: ... it", "go to Hell", and "damn you". The word bloody may belong in this category. They are sometim...

142.	Al-Aqsa Intifada (38831 bytes)

143.	Persia (22309 bytes)

144.	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (18202 bytes)

145.	Qing Dynasty (27620 bytes)

146.	Russian Revolution of 1917 (10994 bytes)

147.	Siege (30508 bytes)

148.	History of Slovakia (42324 bytes)

149.	History of Somalia (29456 bytes)

150.	History of Sri Lanka (5131 bytes)

151.	History of Sudan (18141 bytes)

152.	Smallpox (24515 bytes)

153.	Saint Louis, Missouri (28973 bytes)

154.	Slavery (54984 bytes)

155.	Background history of the September 11, 2001 attacks (16415 bytes)

156.	Spanish-American War (16373 bytes)

157.	Samurai (38305 bytes)

158.	Stockholm Bloodbath (5465 bytes)

159.	Six-Day War (32055 bytes)

160.	Saddam Hussein (51735 bytes)

161.	Gordon Keith (1598 bytes)

162.	Economy of Taiwan (12341 bytes)

163.	Taiwan (11124 bytes)

164.	Tuberculosis (37796 bytes)

1: ...o consume people from within with its symptoms of bloody cough, fever, pallor, and long relentless wasting...

165.	The Troubles (15413 bytes)

166.	The Thing (3137 bytes)

167.	Tower of London (9163 bytes)

168.	Tabasco sauce (2376 bytes)

169.	The Clangers (3782 bytes)

170.	Thomas J. Jackson (5010 bytes)

171.	The Chemical Brothers (24752 bytes)

172.	Ukraine (17363 bytes)

173.	Ulysses S. Grant (16123 bytes)

174.	Trinity College, Cambridge (18359 bytes)

175.	USS Indianapolis (CA-35) (22975 bytes)

176.	Unitarian Universalism (16873 bytes)

177.	Volkswagen (11764 bytes)

178.	Virgin Mary (cocktail) (353 bytes)

1: ...f a popular non-alcoholic cocktail. It is a Bloody Mary made without vodka. Therefore, it is e...

3: ...her of Jesus]], by analogy with the fact that the Bloody Mary was named after Mary I of England.

179.	Weimar Republic (28786 bytes)

180.	Worcestershire (6921 bytes)

181.	Worcestershire sauce (5635 bytes)

2: ...portant ingredient in Caesar salads and the Bloody Mary, an alcohol drink. Lea & Perrins ships it ...

182.	List of cocktails (10183 bytes)

183.	War of 1812 (36982 bytes)

184.	Yellow fever (4458 bytes)

185.	Yet Another (1004 bytes)

186.	History of Yugoslavia (16495 bytes)

187.	1990s (15379 bytes)

188.	1980s (20928 bytes)

189.	Weapons of Middle-earth (17193 bytes)

190.	1960 (21281 bytes)

191.	1972 (26314 bytes)

192.	1920 (17374 bytes)

193.	1970 (29734 bytes)

194.	1965 (27723 bytes)

195.	1877 (6455 bytes)

196.	1932 (15105 bytes)

197.	1864 (11654 bytes)

198.	1989 (24078 bytes)

199.	1814 (5997 bytes)

200.	1954 (13817 bytes)

201.	1771 (2571 bytes)

202.	1722 (2478 bytes)

203.	Northumbria (7306 bytes)

204.	Kiev (20585 bytes)

205.	Soldier of Fortune (1996 bytes)

206.	Kenneth Williams (3602 bytes)

207.	Backronym (12270 bytes)

208.	Til Death Us Do Part (4127 bytes)

3: ...tream programmes to feature the swear word "bloody". The show was one of several held up by [[Mary...

209.	Aristocracy (5338 bytes)

210.	Protestant Reformation (23140 bytes)

211.	Avignon papacy (23681 bytes)

212.	Four horsemen of the Apocalypse (7272 bytes)

5: ... The red color of the second horse could mean bloody war, and the sword held by the rider symbolizes w...

213.	History of Argentina (17927 bytes)

214.	Roger Williams (theologian) (15539 bytes)

215.	History of Bangladesh (13931 bytes)

216.	Wikipedia:Reference desk (74463 bytes)

217.	Benetton (1341 bytes)

3: ...panicking crowds jumping off of a sinking ship, a bloody, unwashed newborn baby, and a death row inmat...

218.	Proetus (2449 bytes)

3: ...s that the prince had been frightened of the big, bloody knife and the king tossed it aside to calm the ch...

219.	Buffy Summers (5498 bytes)

220.	George III of the United Kingdom (34169 bytes)

221.	History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (33196 bytes)

222.	Jack the Ripper (44997 bytes)

223.	History of Belarus (9452 bytes)

224.	History of Estonia (16098 bytes)

225.	U.S. invasion of Afghanistan (54614 bytes)

226.	Famous women in history (13514 bytes)

227.	Battle of Hurtgen Forest (3983 bytes)

228.	Axis of evil (13187 bytes)

229.	Franco-Prussian War (4020 bytes)

230.	Biafra (3829 bytes)

231.	History of Ireland (33157 bytes)

232.	History of Serbia and Montenegro (2213 bytes)

5: ...Battle of Kosovo|Kosovo]] (1389), that ended in a bloody draw. He turned back the invaders, but was killed...

233.	William Byrd (8432 bytes)

5: ...s, from the Netherlands, even from Spain. “Bloody Mary” spent her brief reign overreacting to...

234.	Napoleonic Wars (11817 bytes)

235.	Corfu (11507 bytes)

236.	Rocky (3797 bytes)

5: ... match seriously and the fighters beat each other bloody. But Rocky refuses to give up and fights Creed fo...

237.	Chinese democracy movement (5887 bytes)

3: ...erthrow the reactionaries via a long and possibly bloody fight.

238.	E. coli O157:H7 (14459 bytes)

1: ...United States alone. Infection often leads to bloody diarrhea, and occasionally to kidney fail...

239.	Wikipedia:Squashed bugs (51247 bytes)

240.	Russian history, 1892-1920 (28620 bytes)

241.	Phosgene (5289 bytes)

242.	Crimea (9718 bytes)

243.	Anne of Cleves (4644 bytes)

244.	Water polo (8763 bytes)

245.	Buffy the Vampire Slayer (20050 bytes)

246.	Russian Revolution of 1905 (15280 bytes)

247.	Battle of Chancellorsville (14284 bytes)

248.	Battle of the Wilderness (5837 bytes)

5: ...vicinity between 1862 and 1864, including the bloody Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. I...

249.	Joe DiMaggio (12781 bytes)

250.	Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (5856 bytes)

3: ... Meade]]. Taking place less than a week after the bloody, inconclusive Battle of the Wilderness, it pi.

Jayjg, 4 reverts warning
Jayjg, you have made 4 reverts in minutes. This is a clear violation of rules.

Your revert history now exceeds any sysop.

You are a prime candidate for a de-sysop call. Consider this an official warning. HistoryBuffEr 04:42, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)

Update: Jayjg has made 5 reverts in 17 minutes. HistoryBuffEr 04:45, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)

 * Nonsense, the versions are not all the same. However, you certainly have made 4 reverts in the same time period. Jayjg 04:48, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You have now made 6 reverts in less than 1 hour. After 3 reverts, you made a (completely unnecessary) change in just one sentence (such as adding "which were" in front of "used".) and then reverted to that version 3 times. Your childish excuses and petulance are laughable. This is my LAST EVER reply to you. HistoryBuffEr 05:33, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)
 * Pro-Terror POV is Pro-Terror POV, so it'll get reverted by someone on wiki. If Jayjg wants to do it for the rest of us, more power to him.  Terrapin 05:35, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * His reverts are justified indeed. You might try to use the Talk page to discuss your addition before you force when most people do not agree to them. Until then, every revert of your problematic edits is justified, even if behind the usual quota per day. MathKnight 20:27, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It's wonderful to see you've discovered this Talk: page, HistoryBuffEr. The purpose of Talk: pages is not to threaten Wikipedia editors using false claims, but to actually discuss and get consensus on major changes to an article before entering them.  I recommend you use this page for exactly that purpose in the future.  Jayjg 05:38, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The rhetoric of this article is strongly POV pro Palestinian. Reithy 05:57, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Alberuni and the others are holocaust deniers and terrorist sympathizers. Go take a look at some of their other comments and contributions. Ignore them, then revert them. Terrapin 06:03, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Try to cool it down and not attack people. It is clear that the both as clear agenda of pro-Palestinian edits, and some degree of sympathy toward Palestinian terrorists organizations such as Hamas. Unless they will bother to Talk and interact with others, revert as neccesary any abuses of this article (such as deletions of the number of combatants killed, etc). MathKnight 20:27, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A little bird tells me Terrapin is heading for a ban for these remarks - Xed 07:51, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * And personal page vandalism ISN'T bannable? How many times have you ALREADY been banned?  Five? (it's at least two, judging by RfA) Terrapin 19:30, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A little bird tells me everyone involved should stop personal attacks, and that includes you Xed. Reithy 10:01, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * If these kinds of remarks were enough to ban someone, then I can think of a number of editors of this and related articles who would have been banned long before Terrapin. Jayjg 20:47, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Proposed changes to this page
Here is the place to propose significant changes to this page. Please proceed. Jayjg 16:08, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Markup error - please fix after unprotection
This page apppeared in a list of markup errors at User:Nickj/Wiki_Syntax/00002, but I can't fix it because the page is protected. In the last sentence of the first bullet point under "October 5", the following link is incorrect:
 * should be:
 * —AlanBarrett 07:57, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * —AlanBarrett 07:57, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * —AlanBarrett 07:57, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you. MathKnight 10:10, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Minor Markup error
Under October 15, point 6, as part of the Wiki Syntax Project, can the extra square bracket before the web link please be deleted when this page is unprotected: Unopened or unclosed and ] : On line that starts with: * In [[Rafah, two soldiers are lightly injured from an anti-tank missile. [(Haaretz)

All the best, Nickj 06:38, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

This page
Isn't neutral enough

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Operation Days of Penitence. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121203123542/http://www.mezan.org/en/details.php?id=2092&ddname=Incursion&id_dept=9&id2=9&p=center to http://www.mezan.org/en/details.php?id=2092&ddname=Incursion&id_dept=9&id2=9&p=center

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:33, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Operation Autumn Clouds which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:31, 8 December 2019 (UTC)


text:
List of MTV video jockeys

This is a list of people who have been video jockeys on the music channel MTV.

Originally hired to represent a wide array of musical tastes and personal ethnicities, VJs eventually became famous in their own right. Initially, they were nothing more than on-air personalities, but as the popularity of MTV grew, they began to branch out past just introducing music clips. Soon, they were considered by many to be full-fledged music journalists, interviewing major music celebrities and hosting their own television shows on the channel.

MTV

 * John Ales
 * Serena Altschul
 * Michael Alvarez
 * Toby Amies
 * Adrienne Bailon
 * Bill Bellamy
 * Aurelia Bilen
 * Nina Blackwood
 * Chris Booker
 * Julie Brown
 * Downtown Julie Brown
 * Karyn Bryant
 * Hilarie Burton
 * Jesse Camp
 * Susie Castillo
 * Lenay Chantelle
 * Stephen Colletti
 * Dan Cortese
 * Ann Marie Curren
 * Adam Curry
 * Thalia DaCosta
 * Andrew Daddo
 * Carson Daly
 * Idalis DeLeon
 * Karen Duffy
 * DJ Clue
 * DJ Skribble
 * Doctor Dré
 * Carmen Electra
 * Damien Fahey
 * Daisy Fuentes
 * Funkmaster Flex
 * Fab 5 Freddy
 * Abby Gennet
 * Mark Goodman
 * Carolyne Heldman
 * K.K. Holiday
 * Dave Holmes
 * Teck Holmes
 * Alan Hunter
 * Nadya Hutagalung
 * Steve Isaacs
 * J. J. Jackson
 * China Kantner
 * Dave Kendall
 * Kennedy
 * Mandy Lauderdale
 * Lewis Largent
 * Ananda Lewis
 * Laura Lifshitz
 * Ed Lover
 * Steve Masters
 * Brian McFayden
 * Vanessa Minnillo
 * Mandy Moore
 * Ray Munns
 * John Norris
 * Matt Pinfield
 * Quddus
 * Colin Quinn
 * Martha Quinn
 * Riki Rachtman
 * Simon Rex
 * Lyndsey Rodrigues
 * Maria Sansone
 * Kevin Seal
 * John Sencio
 * Jim Shearer
 * Pauly Shore
 * Ashlee Simpson
 * Tim Sommer
 * Cipha Sounds
 * Alison Stewart
 * Rachel Sweet
 * Tyrese
 * La La Vasquez
 * Kari Wührer
 * Dweezil Zappa
 * Peter Zaremba

MTV News
A list of people who were MTV News on-site or digital personalities.

 * Serena Altschul
 * Andrew Babel
 * Lauren Black
 * Sway Calloway
 * Jim Cantiello
 * Chris Connelly
 * Ana Marie Cox
 * Christina Garibaldi
 * Mark Goodman
 * Carolyne Heldman
 * Liz Hernandez (MTV & MTV Tr3s)
 * Josh Horowitz
 * Tim Kash
 * John Kearns
 * Yoonj Kim
 * Kurt Loder
 * Brian McFayden
 * Brian "B. Dot" Miller
 * John Norris
 * SuChin Pak
 * Heather Parry
 * Dometi Pongo
 * Iann Robinson
 * Tabitha Soren
 * Jamil Smith
 * Alison Stewart
 * Kim Stolz
 * Gaby Wilson
 * Gideon Yago
 * Nick Zano

MTV2

 * Chris Booker
 * DJ Envy
 * Jancee Dunn
 * Jim Shearer
 * Kris Kosach

MTVU

 * Carly Henderson
 * Gardner Loulan
 * George Oliphant
 * Sophia Parola
 * Kim Stolz

MTV Chi

 * Angel Tang

MTV Desi

 * Niharika Desai
 * Tim Kash
 * Utkarsh Ambudkar

MHD

 * George Oliphant
 * Jeremy Bloom

MTV K

 * Grace Subervi

Past VJs

 * Ray Cokes
 * Maiken Wexø
 * Simone Angel
 * Paul King
 * Marcel Vanthilt
 * Enrico Silvestrin
 * Chris Salewicz
 * Downtown Julie Brown
 * Jasmine Dotiwala
 * Terry Christian
 * Sonya Saul
 * Rebecca de Ruvo
 * Steve Blame
 * Pip Dann
 * Kristiane Backer
 * Marijne van der Vlugt
 * Davina McCall
 * Lisa I'Anson
 * Maria Guzenina
 * Carolyn Lilipaly
 * Miles Hunt
 * Toby Amies
 * Eden Harel
 * Christian Ulmen
 * Lars Oostveen
 * Katja Schuurman
 * Melanie Sykes
 * Cat Deeley
 * Trevor Nelson
 * Trey Farley
 * Kelly Brook
 * Neil Cole
 * Joanne Colan
 * Becky Griffin
 * Jason Danino-Holt
 * Ulrika Eriksson
 * Ina Geraldine
 * Laura Whitmore
 * Amelia Hoy
 * Charlotte Thorstvedt
 * Thomas Madvig

MTV Asia
Includes the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam.

Former VJs

 * Hanli Hoefer (Singapore)
 * Richard Herrera (Singapore)
 * Ruth Winona Tao (Hong Kong) later moved to Channel V
 * David Wu – (Hong Kong) later moved to Channel V
 * Angela Chow (Taiwan) – later moved to Channel V
 * Nadya Hutagalung (Indonesia)
 * Kamal Sidhu (India) - Originally from Channel V later moved to MTV Asia/MTV India
 * Rahul Khanna (India)
 * Regine Maristela (Tolentino) (Philippines)
 * Donita Rose (Philippines)
 * Sally Yeh (Taiwan)
 * Utt Panichkul (Thailand)
 * Cyrus Broacha (India)
 * Sonia Couling (Thailand)
 * Jamie Aditya (Indonesia)
 * Mike Kasem (USA)
 * Alex Abbad (Indonesia)
 * Nur Fazura (Malaysia)
 * G. Toengi (Philippines)
 * Jeremiah Odra (Philippines)
 * Max Loong (Malaysia)
 * Francis Magalona (Philippines)
 * K. C. Montero (Philippines)
 * Cindy Kurleto (Philippines)
 * Sarah Meier (Philippines)
 * Jeff Enos (Thailand)
 * Holly Graberak (Singapore)
 * Colby Miller (Philippines)
 * May Wan (Malaysia)
 * Choy Wan (Malaysia)
 * Belinda Panelo (Philippines)
 * Sarah Sechan – (Indonesia)
 * Denise Keller (Singapore)
 * Sophiya Haque (UK)
 * Jamie Wilson (Philippines)
 * Mariel Rodriguez (Philippines)
 * Sharon Gomes Thomas - MTV News
 * Alan M. Wong (Singapore) - MTV
 * Rita Tsang (British Chinese)- MTV News
 * Daniel Mananta (Indonesia)
 * Belinda Lee Xin Yu (Singapore)
 * Danny McGill (USA) Original VJ of the first Incarnation of MTV Asia, moved to Channel V and moved back to MTV Asia/MTV India (Second Incarnation)
 * Anu Kottoor (India)

Former VJs

 * Kyle Sandilands
 * Lyndsey Rodrigues
 * Jason Dundas
 * Richard Wilkins
 * Ruby Rose
 * Erin McNaught
 * Keiynan Lonsdale

Former VJs

 * Akasa Singh (MTV Beats)
 * Amrita Arora
 * Anusha Dandekar
 * Ayushmann Khurrana
 * Gaelyn Mendonca
 * Bani J
 * Baseer Ali
 * Benafsha Soonwalla
 * Cyrus Broacha
 * Cyrus Sahukar
 * Deepti Gujral
 * José Covaco
 * Malaika Arora
 * Maria Goretti
 * Mia Uyeda
 * Mini Mathur
 * Nafisa Joseph
 * Nikhil Chinapa
 * Raageshwari Loomba
 * Ramona Arena
 * Rannvijay Singh
 * Rhea Chakraborty
 * Shenaz Treasury
 * Siddharth Bhardwaj
 * Soniya Mehra
 * Sophie Choudry
 * Sunanda Wong
 * Varun Sood (actor)

Former VJs

 * Sander Lantinga
 * Fleur van de Kieft
 * Tooske Breugem
 * Katja Schuurman
 * Simone Angel
 * Sylvie Meis
 * Johnny de Mol
 * Erik de Zwart
 * Carolyn Lilipaly
 * Marijne van der Vlugt

Former VJs

 * Saira Yousuf
 * Palwasha Yousuf
 * Mawra Hocane
 * Urwa Hocane
 * Anoushey Ashraf
 * Mahira Khan
 * Faizan
 * Ayesha Omar
 * Ali Safina
 * Dr Ali Munir

Former VJs

 * Victor Basa
 * Anne Curtis
 * Margaret Nales Wilson
 * Kat Alano
 * Sib Sibulo
 * Andi Manzano
 * Marc Abaya
 * Jean Irish Kasayan
 * Paolo Bediones
 * KC Concepcion
 * Maike Evers
 * Nicole Fonacier
 * Cindy Kurleto
 * Francis Magalona
 * Sarah Meier
 * Colby Miller
 * K. C. Montero
 * Belinda Panelo
 * Derek Ramsay
 * Mariel Rodriguez
 * Giselle Toengi
 * Yassi Pressman
 * Andre Paras
 * Shy Carlos
 * Sam Pinto
 * Josh Padilla
 * Kito Romualdez
 * Katarina Rodriguez
 * Allen Nicole Angats
 * Jess Connely
 * Jodie Tarasek
 * Markus Paterson

Former VJs

 * Alblen Filindo Fabe
 * Arie Untung
 * Ben Kasyafani
 * Boy William
 * Cathy Sharon
 * Daniel Mananta
 * Dewi Rezer
 * Eddi Brokoli
 * Evan Sanders
 * Feli Sumayku
 * Fikri Ramadhan
 * Jamie Aditya
 * Marissa Nasution
 * Mike Muliardo
 * Millane Fernandez
 * Nadya Hutagalung
 * Nirina Zubir
 * Rianti Cartwright
 * Sarah Sechan
 * Shanty
 * Vina Yuanna

Former VJs

 * Michele Waagaard
 * Sonia Couling
 * Garanick (Nicky) Thongpiam
 * Poomjai (Poom) Thangsanga
 * Chompoonut (Alex) Sawaetwong
 * Janesuda (Jane) Parnto
 * Jay Ploadpai

Current VJs

 * Seorak

Past VJs

 * Linda Liao

Current VJs

 * Beatriz Coelho
 * Spartakus Santiago

Past VJs

 * Fernanda Lima
 * Marcos Mion
 * Marina Person
 * Monique Olsen
 * Luisa Micheletti
 * Carla Lamarca
 * Adriane Galisteu
 * Marcio Garcia
 * Babi Xavier
 * João Gordo
 * André Vasco
 * Mariana Weickert
 * Madame Mim
 * Ferrugem
 * Marcelo Tas
 * Kid Vinil
 * Maria Fernanda Cândido
 * Hermes & Renato (comedy troupe)
 * Adriana Lessa
 * Fernando Meligeni
 * Gisele Bündchen
 * Jimmy London
 * Luana Piovani
 * Rita Lee
 * Fernanda Tavares
 * Rodrigo Leão
 * Kika Martinez
 * Sophia Reis
 * Leo Madeira
 * Penélope Nova
 * Ronaldo Lemos
 * Nasi
 * Emicida
 * Arnaldo Antunes
 * Ellen Jabour
 * Bento Ribeiro
 * Bruno Sutter
 * Cazé Peçanha
 * Dani Calabresa
 * Daniela Cicarelli
 * Marcelo Adnet
 * Tatá Werneck
 * MariMoon
 * Titi Müller
 * Chuck Hipolitho
 * Didi Effe
 * Juliano Enrico
 * Maria Eugênia Suconic
 * Michelli Provensi
 * Becca Pires
 * Lucas Maciel
 * Mariana Nery
 * Olavo Junqueira
 * Gui Araújo

Current VJs
Tshego Wolf Koke (South Africa) Nomuzi Mabhena (South Africa)
 * Nenny B

Ehiz (Nigeria)

Current VJs

 * Markus Kavka
 * Joko Winterscheidt
 * Hadnet Tesfai
 * Klaas Heufer-Umlauf
 * Palina Rojinski

Past VJs

 * Patrice Bouédibéla
 * Sarah Kuttner
 * Mirjam Weichselbraun
 * Christian Ulmen
 * Nora Tschirner
 * Anastasia Zampounidis
 * Caroline Korneli
 * Simone Angel
 * Claudia Hiersche
 * Johanna Klum
 * Nandini Mitra
 * Jana Pallaske
 * Tom Novy
 * Ben Tewaag
 * Markus Schultze
 * Max von Thun
 * Peter Imhof
 * Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre
 * Christoph Schlingensief
 * Holger Speckhahn
 * Sophie Rosentreter
 * Simon Krätschmer
 * Daniel Budiman

Past VJs

 * Ivan Urgant
 * Yana Churikova
 * Vasily Strelnikov
 * Aleksandr Anatolievich
 * Tutta Larsen
 * Irena Ponaroshku

Current VJs

 * Alessandro Cattelan
 * Carmen Electra
 * Elena Santarelli
 * Elisabetta Canalis
 * Marco Maccarini
 * Victoria Cabello
 * Zero Assoluto

Past VJs

 * Daniele Bossari
 * Ambra Angiolini
 * Fabio Volo
 * Gemelli Diversi
 * Giorgia Surina
 * Giorgio Pasotti
 * Mao
 * Valeria Bilello

Current VJs

 * Belén "Belu" Drugueri
 * Barbara Mou

Past VJs

 * Marisabel Bazan
 * Daisy Fuentes
 * Ruth Infarinato
 * Alfredo Lewin
 * Gonzalo Morales
 * Lolita Santos
 * Edith Serrano
 * Arturo Hernández
 * Alejandro LaCroix
 * Leandro O'Brien
 * Javier Andrade
 * Carmen Arce
 * Monica Carranza
 * Corina González Tejedor
 * Eduardo "Pocas" Peñafiel
 * Sebastián "Berta" Muñiz
 * Ursula Eggers
 * Eglantina Zingg
 * Tonka Tomicic
 * Matilda Svensson
 * Ilana Sod
 * Erich Martino "Koggi"
 * Alexis Yasky
 * Gabriel "Gabo" Ramos Villalpando
 * Mikki Lusardi
 * Cawi Blaksley
 * Maria Camila Giraldo
 * Ivana Nadal
 * Grego Rossello
 * Lizardo Ponce
 * Manu Viale
 * Pamela Voguel
 * Manuela "Jekill" Botero
 * Dhasia Wezka
 * Tonka Tomicic
 * Jimmy Sirvant

Current VJs

 * Yazdani

Current VJs

 * Daryn Jones
 * Nicole Holness
 * Aliya-Jasmine Sovani
 * Johnny Hockin
 * Sharlene Chiu
 * Lenay Dunn

Former VJs

 * Gilson Lubin
 * Jessi Cruickshank
 * Lauren Toyota
 * Dan Levy

Current VJs

 * Avdey

Former VJs

 * Irena Karpa

Former VJs

 * Piret Järvis
 * Martin Veisman

Current VJs

 * Đoàn Ngọc Nhi

Former VJs

 * Misoa Kim Anh
 * Nguyễn Đỗ Quỳnh Chi
 * Nguyễn Tấn Đăng Khoa
 * Jackie Njine (Tiêu Chấn Huy)
 * Kaylee Tú Linh
 * Nina
 * Dustin Phúc Nguyễn
 * Nguyễn Sỹ Anh Vũ

title: List of MTV video jockeys


text:
West Stafford

West Stafford is a village and civil parish in southwest Dorset, England, situated in the Frome valley 2 mi east of Dorchester. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 291. The village contains the public house 'The Wise Man Inn', and St Andrew's Church. The river Winterbourne runs beside the village and 2 miles south lies the village of West Knighton. Thomas Hardy, when training as an architect, assisted in the design of Talbothays Lodge and the cottages opposite. The village is also accepted as the setting for part of Hardy's novel Tess or the D'Urbevilles, during the period when Tess works at the Talbothays Dairy.

Reginald Bosworth Smith, schoolmaster, author and President of the Oxford Union, was born in West Stafford on 28 June 1839. His father, Reginald Southwell Smith, was the fourth son of Sir John Wyldbore Smith, Baronet, of Sydling St Nicholas, Dorset.

title: West Stafford


text: Category:890s births

title: Category:890s births


text:
Palestina, São Paulo

Palestina (lit. Palestine) is a municipality (município) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 13,123 (2020 est.) in an area of 696.6 km2.

Palestina belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.

Economy
The Tertiary sector corresponds to 59,08% of the Palestina GDP. The Secondary sector is 6.47% of the GDP. The Primary sector is relevant, with 34.4% of the city GDP.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Palestina, São Paulo


text: Category:Olympic rowers for Great Britain


text:
West Moors

West Moors is a village in Dorset, England, on the northern fringe of the Poole-Bournemouth conurbation, just outside the larger settlements of Ferndown and Verwood. The parish of West Moors had an estimated population of 7,400 in 2004, increasing to 7,561 for both the parish and electoral ward at the 2011 Census. The parish council was renamed West Moors Town Council in 2020.

West Moors rose to local prominence with the building of the Southampton and Dorchester and Salisbury and Dorset Junction railway lines in the late 19th century and although main line services were later diverted via Bournemouth, West Moors railway station was served by a branch line railway until 4 May 1964. The only remnants of these lines through the village are the original level crossing gatekeeper's cottage on Station Road, and the Castleman Trailway footpath following the original trackbed leading to Ringwood to the east and Poole to the west. This however, was recently resurfaced and the central reservation was removed, rendering the southernmost of the two tracks largely unusable, and causing it to lose its former authentic look.

The village expanded with the development of the military fuel depot located outside the village but within the West Moors civil parish. The depot is home to the Defence School of Petroleum, and also to the Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service Training Centre. In April 2017 the Royal Air Force relocated their Fuels Training school from RAF Halton to MoD West Moors. In July 2018 it was announced that after over 80 years the Military would move from West Moors, under project Wellsley the RAF would relocate to MoD Worthy Down in January 2019 and the Army would have moved by April 2020. In the past many military families were housed in their own housing estates, however most jobs are now undertaken by civilian personnel and the military housing sold off. More recent population increases have been due to the influx of commuters, both to Bournemouth and Poole, and to more remote destinations such as Southampton, and London.

West Moors has a mixed population, with a relatively high proportion of elderly people. There are two first schools, one middle school, two youth clubs; including the west moors scout group, and a skatepark.

There are various shops including one butcher, one baker and two pubs. There is also the West Moors Social Club which has entertainment nights. Moors Valley Country Park is just outside the parish boundary (3 miles from the village), and is easily accessible from the Castleman Trailway.

The village's sports facilities include two football pitches (Fryers Playing Field). The tennis courts have recently been refurbished into an artificial floodlit grass football facility and a multi-use area that can be used as two tennis courts (tarmacadam surface) or other sports. There is also a playpark on Fryer’s field and on the other side of the village (Shaftesbury Road) there is another slighter smaller play park.

Politics
After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, West Moors is part of the West Moors and Three Legged Cross ward which elects 2 members to Dorset Council.

title: West Moors


text:
West Parley

West Parley is a village and civil parish in south-east Dorset, England, situated on the River Stour between Bournemouth and Ferndown and off of the B3073 road. The parish of West Parley covers an area of 4.52 km2. It is also about 4 mi to the closest major town of Bournemouth. West Parley has a primary school, a post office, a garden centre and a church. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 3,585.

History
West Parley is older than both Bournemouth and Ferndown, it features in the Domesday Book when it had 60 inhabitants. At that time it had a Saxon Church, replaced by the present All Saints Church in the 12th century. There is evidence of West Parley being much older as Dudsbury Rings, to the South West of West Parley is the remains of a hill fort dated to the Iron Age, it can be seen as a defensive site that overlooks the River Stour. The walls of the fort can still be seen today.

In 1870–1872 West Parley was described by John Marius Wilson in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales as "'The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. The church is ancient; and there is an Independent chapel'."In the 1800s the main source of materials were gravel and clay and these were important in helping build within West Parley, the materials enabled the local community to create tracks that were passable and the clay meant that the workers could use the bricks to build houses within West Parley as well as supplying the city of Bournemouth with bricks for the construction.

On 16 January 2023, a fire broke out in the roof of the West Parley Memorial Hall.

Population
Over the last 200 years the population of West Parley has changed dramatically, In 1801 the population of West Parley was 180, since then the population has mainly increased, the total population decreased three times since then, once where the population went from 180 in 1801 to 175 in 1811. The second time went from 336 in 1881 to 334 in 1891, the largest increases were during the Baby Boom from 1921 to 1951, this was when everyone was procreating tenfold due to welfare benefits and due to lower income jobs. From 1921 to 1931 the population rose from 1,130 to 1,671 and then from 1931 to 1951 the population rose to a huge 2,947, this may also be due to the fact that children were also moved to small areas in the countryside and this can also account for the drop to 2,002 people in 1961.

Housing
There is a total of 1,562 houses, the largest house is with 8 residents and there is only one of these, the majority of the housing is for 2 people and there is 733 of these households and the second amount is one person per household with 377 people.

Age Structure
Information published by the 2011 census shows that 22.1% of the population was aged between 45 and 59, this means that it is the largest age group in West Parley, the second largest group in the area was 65–79 which equated to 17.1% of the total population, 79.7% of the population are aged 25 and over and the largest age group remaining out of the 20.3% is 10–14 which equates to 4.4% of the total population and so the population of West Parley is an ageing population as there are fewer younger residents.

Employment
In 1881 the main employment for males was agriculture with 45 people, during this era this was the common practice and therefore this is not peculiar, however 37 females had an unknown occupation, the main occupation for females at this date was for domestic services or offices and this only had a total of 8 women which shows the inequality at the time.

According to the 2001 census the number of full-time employees aged 16–74 years of age was 733 people, the number of part-time workers was 316 and the self-employed workers equated to 290 people The main industry of employment was wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles with 283 people with the second largest being real estate with 170 people. In comparison, the 2011 census shows that there was 758 full-time employees, 408 part-time workers and 335 self-employed people. Wholesale and retail trade was still the main industry of employment in 2011 with 304 people and the second largest was in fact Human health and social work activities with 174 people.

Ethnicity
In the 2001 census of the total population of 3,532 the largest ethnicity of West Parley was White British with 3,438 people, this only leaves 94 residents that are not White British, 76 of these residents are also white which means that there are only 18 people of other ethnicities and this means that there is not many different ethnicities such as 5 Chinese and 13 mixed ethnicities in West Parley during 2001. In contrast in the 2011 census there was 3,460 White British out of a total population of 3,585, there are a further 78 white residents leaving 22 mixed race and 22 Asian residents as well 3 other ethnic group, this shows that there has been an increase in ethnic diversity since 2001.

Politics
After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, West Parley is part of the West Parley ward which elects 2 members to Dorset Council.

title: West Parley


text:
Al Jackson Jr.

Albert J. Jackson Jr. (November 27, 1935 – October 1, 1975) was an American drummer, producer, and songwriter. He was a founding member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s, a group of session musicians who worked for Stax Records and produced their own instrumentals. Jackson was affectionately dubbed "The Human Timekeeper" for his drumming ability. He was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s in 1992.

Early life
Jackson's father, Al Jackson Sr., led a jazz/swing dance band in Memphis, Tennessee. The young Jackson started drumming at an early age and began playing on stage with his father's band in 1940, at the age of five. He later played in producer and trumpeter Willie Mitchell's band and at the same time was holding down a chair in the popular Ben Branch Band.

In an interview with Drum! magazine, Mitchell recalled, Al Junior was about 14 years old then. I said to his father, 'Hey, let's use your son!' He said, 'Oh, man, he can't play this stuff!' But he did make the gig. He set up his kit – a cymbal, a snare drum, and a bass drum – and I kicked the thing off. And, man, that thing went off at 20 tempos! But that was around 7:00 o'clock. And by the time Al Senior came in an hour later, at 8:00 o'clock, Al Jackson Jr. was swinging that damn band like a pro.

Future bandmates Steve Cropper and Donald "Duck" Dunn first heard Jackson playing in Mitchell's band at the Flamingo Room, and the all-white Manhattan Club. Mitchell had also hired Booker T. Jones for his band. It was Jones who suggested Jackson be brought to Stax. He said, "You guys need to know about Al." Dunn said that Jackson almost caused his wife to divorce him, because after finishing his own gig at one o'clock, he would stop by a club to hear Jackson and would get home at four or five in the morning; "He was that good!" said Dunn. At first, Jackson was reluctant to join Stax. He felt he could make more money playing live than doing session work. He wanted a guaranteed regular salary to come over to Stax (although he continued to play on sessions produced by Mitchell for Hi Records). And so he became the first Stax session musician to be on a weekly salary.

Career
At Stax, Jackson formed the M.G.'s with Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper and Lewie Steinberg (later to be replaced by Duck Dunn). During his tenure at Stax, he became one of the most influential drummers in the history of recorded music, providing an instantly recognizable backbeat behind the label's artists, including Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, Eddie Floyd, Sam & Dave, Otis Redding and blues guitarist Albert King (whose work Jackson also produced).

In the 1970s, he co-wrote and played on several hits by Al Green, including "Let's Stay Together" and "I'm Still in Love with You", at Hi, and he was also a session drummer for many artists, such as Elvis Presley, Bill Withers, Wilson Pickett, Leon Russell, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eric Clapton, Jean Knight, Aretha Franklin, Major Lance, Ann Peebles, Rod Stewart, Shirley Brown, Donny Hathaway and Herbie Mann.

In 1975, four years after the release of their last album, Melting Pot, the members of Booker T. & the M.G.'s decided to wrap up their individual projects and devote three years to a reunion of the band. A few months later, Jackson was murdered in his home.

Death
On September 30, 1975, Jackson was scheduled to fly from Memphis to Detroit, to produce a Major Lance session, when he supposedly heard a reminder on the radio about the Joe Frazier–Muhammad Ali fight that night. Jackson called Detroit to delay the session, saying he was going to watch the "Thrilla in Manila" on the big screen at the Mid-South Coliseum.

Though still legally married, Jackson was estranged from his wife, Barbara Jackson. In July 1975, his wife had shot him in the chest, but he decided to not press charges. He was in the process of filing for a divorce and intending to move to Atlanta, so that he could begin working with Stax singer and songwriter William Bell.

Jackson attended the screening with Eddie Floyd and Terry Manning. After the screening, he returned home to find intruders in the house. Reportedly, he was told to get down on his knees, and was fatally shot five times in the back. Around 3 A.M. on October 1, Barbara Jackson ran out in the street, yelling for help. She told police that burglars had tied her up and shot her husband when he had returned home. Police found nothing out of place in the house, and Jackson's wallet and jewelry were still on him.

The man believed to have pulled the trigger had reportedly known someone in Memphis. After robbing a bank in Florida, that person told the alleged triggerman to meet him at Al Jackson's house. Tracked through Florida, to Memphis, and to Seattle, Washington, the suspected murderer, the boyfriend of Barbara Jackson's friend Denise LaSalle, was killed by a police officer on July 15, 1976, after an unrelated gun battle.

Equipment
For recording Jackson typically used various combinations of Ludwig and Rogers drums and Zildjian cymbals. Two studio kits played by Jackson are on display in museums; a Ludwig kit (with a Rogers Powertone snare drum) from Stax Records in the Musicians Hall of Fame & Museum, and a Rogers kit (with a Ludwig Acrolite snare drum) from Hi Records in the Stax Museum.

According to Steve Cropper, as quoted in Give the Drummer Some! by Jim Payne, a grey pearl Rogers floor tom was used in the mix 'n' match kit at Stax.

Collaborations
With The Rance Allen Group
 * A Soulful Experience (Truth Records, 1975)

With William Bell
 * The Soul of a Bell (Stax Records, 1967)
 * Bound to Happen (Stax Records, 1969)
 * Relating (Stax Records, 1974)

With Shirley Brown
 * Woman to Woman (Truth Records, 1974)

With Booker T. & the M.G.'s
 * Green Onions (Stax Records, 1962)
 * Soul Dressing (Stax Records, 1965)
 * And Now! (Stax Records, 1966)
 * In the Christmas Spirit (Stax Records, 1966)
 * Hip Hug-Her (Stax Records, 1967)
 * Doin' Our Thing (Stax Records, 1968)
 * Soul Limbo (Stax Records, 1968)
 * UpTight (Stax Records, 1969)
 * The Booker T. Set (Stax Records, 1969)
 * McLemore Avenue (Stax Records, 1970)
 * Melting Pot (Stax Records, 1971)

With Eric Clapton
 * 461 Ocean Boulevard (RSO Records, 1974)

With Delaney & Bonnie
 * Home (Stax Records, 1969)

With The Emotions
 * Sunshine (Stax Records, 1977)

With Eddie Floyd
 * Knock on Wood (Stax Records, 1967)

With Aretha Franklin
 * Young, Gifted and Black (Atlantic Records, 1972)

With Alan Gerber
 * The Alan Gerber Album (Shelter Records, 1971)

With Al Green
 * Let's Stay Together (Hi Records, 1972)
 * I'm Still in Love with You (Hi Records, 1972)
 * Call Me (Hi Records, 1973)
 * Livin' for You (Hi Records, 1973)

With Donny Hathaway
 * Donny Hathaway (Atco Records, 1971)

With Albert King
 * Born Under a Bad Sign (Stax Records, 1967)
 * Years Gone By (Stax Records, 1969)
 * The Blues Don't Change (Stax Records, 1974)

With Wilson Pickett
 * In the Midnight Hour (Atlantic Records, 1965)
 * The Exciting Wilson Pickett (Atlantic Records, 1966)

With David Porter
 * Victim of the Joke? An Opera (Enterprise Records, 1971)

With Elvis Presley
 * Raised on Rock / For Ol' Times Sake (RCA Records, 1973)

With Otis Redding
 * Pain in My Heart (Atco Records, 1964)
 * The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads (Volt Records, 1965)
 * Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul (Volt Records, 1965)
 * The Soul Album (Volt Records, 1966)
 * Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul (Volt Records, 1966)
 * King & Queen (Volt Records, 1967)
 * The Dock of the Bay (Volt Records, 1968)

With Leon Russell
 * Will O' the Wisp (Shelter Records, 1975)

With The Soul Children
 * Genesis (Stax Records, 1972)
 * Friction (Stax Records, 1974)

With Mavis Staples
 * Mavis Staples (Volt Records, 1969)
 * Only for the Lonely (Volt Records, 1970)

With Rod Stewart
 * Atlantic Crossing (Warner Bros. Records, 1975)
 * A Night on the Town (Warner Bros. Records, 1976)

With Carla Thomas
 * Memphis Queen (Stax Records, 1969)
 * Love Means... (Stax Records, 1971)

With Bill Withers
 * Just as I Am (Sussex Records, 1971)

title: Al Jackson Jr.