text:
Disa (plant)

Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.

Description
The plants grow from a fleshy tuberous root which is a source of maltodextrins which are used as a sugar substitute. Some species attain a height of 90 cm. The flowers are solitary or arranged in racemes. The petals and the lip are small. The flowers consist essentially of the sepals. The flowers range in color from very light to dark red.

Pollination
Disa exhibits a variety of pollination syndromes. Each species of Disa usually has a single species as pollinator and nearly every available pollinating insect is employed by some species of Disa. Species that adapted to the same pollinator often independently evolved a similar floral morphology which confounded the infrageneric classification of Disa until cladistic analysis was applied to DNA sequences from this genus.

Examples of convergent evolution in Disa pollination include the following: Disa serves as an example of how speciation can be caused by changes in pollinator availability and evolution.
 * flowers pollinated by butterflies have evolved twice, for example the pollination of Disa uniflora by the Table mountain Pride Butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia (Satyrinae)
 * flowers with conspicuous deception, pollinated by carpenter bees, have evolved twice.
 * long-spurred flowers, pollinated by long-tongued flies, have evolved four times.
 * night-scented flowers, pollinated by moths, have evolved three times.

Some Disa species are pollinated by sunbirds and have pollinaria that stick to the feet of the sunbirds when they perch on the inflorescence.

Phylogeny
The first molecular phylogeny of the genus involved comparison of nuclear ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 sequences, and showed that Herschelia and Monadenia were nested within a paraphyletic Disa.

In Genera Orchidacearum volume 2, Disa and Schizodium compose the subtribe Disinae of the tribe Diseae. After that volume was published in 2001, molecular phylogenetic studies showed that Schizodium is nested within Disa. Schizodium comprises only six species, all endemic to South Africa.

In a classification of orchids that was published in 2015, Chase et alii placed Schizodium in synonymy under Disa. They also defined the subtribe Disinae as consisting of Pachites, Disa and Huttonaea. This version of Disinae is probably not monophyletic, but was created as a holding classification, to avoid the unnecessary designation of subtribes before further studies can clarify the relationships of these three genera.

Seeds
The genus can be split into two groups based on the size of the seeds. Those with relatively large balloon-shaped seeds up to 1.5 mm long belong to the Disa uniflora group. The remaining species have seeds that are smaller than 0.7 mm. The Disa uniflora group comprises plants that grow along stream sides: Disa uniflora, Disa tripetaloides, Disa cardinalis, Disa caulescens and Disa aurata. They belong to the few species in Orchidaceae that do not rely on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, and are thought to be an adaptation to hydrochory. This pattern was later extended to split the genus into summer rainfall species and non-summer rainfall species. Those in the second group added Disa cornuta to the list of Disa seeds that germinate readily.

Horticulture
The species Disa uniflora is well known as an ornamental. It is a spectacular red orchid known as "The Pride of Table Mountain." Other commonly cultivated species include Disa aurata, Disa cardinalis, Disa crassicornis, Disa racemosa, Disa sagittalis, and Disa tripetaloides. Some of the species are grown only in African gardens.

Once very rare in cultivation, Disa uniflora is gaining in popularity as a cut flower. However, they are difficult to grow, because of the needed mineral composition of the potting soil. Also, if exposed to excessive moisture, they can be easily killed by rot.

Hybrids
The following species have been used to create more than 400 hybrids : Disa cardinalis, Disa caulescens, Disa racemosa, Disa tripetaloides, Disa uniflora, Disa aurata and Disa venosa.
 * Disa × brendae (D. caulescens × D. uniflora) (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa × maculomarronina (D. hircicornis × D. versicolor) (S. Africa)..
 * Disa × nuwebergensis (D. caulescens × D. tripetaloides) (South Africa, Cape Prov.).
 * Disa × paludicola (D. chrysostachya × D. rhodantha) (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal).

Species
Species currently (May 2014) recognized:

 * Disa aconitoides (Ethiopia to S. Africa)
 * Disa aconitoides subsp. aconitoides (Ethiopia to S. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa aconitoides subsp. concinna (Congo to S. Trop. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa aconitoides subsp. goetzeana (Ethiopia to Tanzania) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa aequiloba (SW. Tanzania to Angola)
 * Disa alinae (Congo)
 * Disa alticola (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal)
 * Disa amoena ( Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal)
 * Disa andringitrana (SE. & S. Madagascar)
 * Disa aperta (SW. & S. Tanzania to Zambia)
 * Disa arida (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa aristata (S. Africa, Northern Prov.)
 * Disa atricapilla (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa atrorubens (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa aurata (South Africa, Cape Prov. (Swellendam)
 * Disa barbata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa basutorum (S. Africa (Drakensberg)
 * Disa baurii (Tanzania to S. Africa)
 * Disa begleyi (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa bifida (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa biflora (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa bivalvata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa bodkinii (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa bolusiana (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa borbonica (Réunion)
 * Disa brachyceras (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa bracteata, formerly Monadenia bracteata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.; naturalised in Australia)
 * Disa brevicornis (S. Trop. & S. Africa)
 * Disa brevipetala (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.; Kleinmond area)
 * Disa buchenaviana (C. & SE. Madagascar)
 * Disa caffra (Southern Congo to S. Africa, Madagascar)
 * Disa cardinalis (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.; Riversdale)
 * Disa caulescens (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa cedarbergensis (South Africa, Cape Prov.; Cedarberg)
 * Disa celata (S. Tanzania to Angola)
 * Disa cephalotes (S. Africa)
 * Disa cephalotes subsp. cephalotes (S. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa cephalotes subsp. frigida (Lesotho to KwaZulu-Natal) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa cernua (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov)
 * Disa chimanimaniensis (Chimanimani Mts, Zimbabwe)
 * Disa chrysostachya (S. Africa)
 * Disa clavicornis (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal)
 * Disa cochlearis (South Africa, Cape Prov.; Elandsberg)
 * Disa comosa (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa conferta (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa cooperi (S. Africa)
 * Disa cornuta (Zimbabwe to S. Africa)
 * Disa crassicornis (S. Africa)
 * Disa cryptantha (Ethiopia, S. Tanzania to Zambia)
 * Disa cylindrica (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa danielae (S. Congo)
 * Disa darrenida (South Africa)
 * Disa densiflora (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa dichroa (S. Congo to Zambia)
 * Disa dracomontana (S. Africa (C. Drakensberg)
 * Disa draconis (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa ecalcarata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.; Constantiaberg)
 * Disa elegans (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa eminii (Rwanda to Zambia)
 * Disa engleriana (Tanzania to Zambia)
 * Disa equestris (Trop. Africa)
 * Disa erubescens (Trop. Africa)
 * Disa erubescens subsp. carsonii (Tanzania to Zambia)
 * Disa erubescens subsp. erubescens (Trop. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa esterhuyseniae (South Africa, WSW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa extinctoria (South Africa; Northern Prov., Eswatini)
 * Disa fasciata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa ferruginea (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa filicornis (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa forcipata (South Africa, Cape Prov.; Possibly extinct)
 * Disa forficaria (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa fragrans (Ethiopia to S. Africa)
 * Disa fragrans subsp. deckenii (NE. & E. Trop. Africa to Congo) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa fragrans subsp. fragrans (Tanzania to S. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa galpinii (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to KwaZulu-Natal)
 * Disa gladioliflora (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa gladioliflora subsp. capricornis (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa gladioliflora subsp. gladioliflora (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa glandulosa (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa graminifolia (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa hallackii (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa harveyana (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa harveyana subsp. harveyana (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa harveyana subsp. longicalcarata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa helenae (Zambia)
 * Disa hians (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa hircicornis (Trop. & S. Africa)
 * Disa incarnata (C. & SE. Madagascar)
 * Disa intermedia (South Africa, Eswatini)
 * Disa introrsa (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.; Skurweberge)
 * Disa karooica (South Africa, NW. & C. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa katangensis (S. Congo to Angola)
 * Disa linderiana (South Africa, W. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa lineata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa lisowskii (Congo)
 * Disa longicornu (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa longifolia (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa longilabris (SW. Tanzania to N. Malawi)
 * Disa lugens (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa lugens var. lugens (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa lugens var. nigrescens (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.; Oyster Bay) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa macrostachya (South Africa W. Cape Prov.; Rooiberg)
 * Disa maculata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa marlothii (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa micropetala (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa miniata (SW. Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa minor (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa montana (South Africa, E. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa multifida (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa neglecta (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.; Worcester)
 * Disa nervosa (S. Africa)
 * Disa newdigateae (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.; Knysna area)
 * Disa nigerica (Nigeria to Congo)
 * Disa nivea (S. Africa, S. Drakensberg)
 * Disa nubigena (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.; Devils Peak)
 * Disa nyikensis (Malawi to Zambia)
 * Disa obtusa (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa obtusa subsp. hottentotica (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa obtusa subsp. obtusa (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa obtusa subsp. picta (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa ocellata (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa ochrostachya (Cameroon to Tanzania and S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa oligantha (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa ophrydea (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa oreophila (S. Africa)
 * Disa oreophila subsp. erecta (South Africa, S. Africa; Drakensberg) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa oreophila subsp. oreophila (S. Africa.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa ornithantha (SW. Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa ovalifolia (South Africa, WSW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa patula (Zimbabwe to S. Africa)
 * Disa patula var. patula (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa patula var. transvaalensis (Zimbabwe to S. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa perplexa (Nigeria, E. & S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa physodes (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa pillansii (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa polygonoides (Mozambique to S. Africa)
 * Disa porrecta (S. Africa)
 * Disa praecox (S. Trop. Africa; Nyika Plateau)
 * Disa pulchella (Ethiopia, Yemen)
 * Disa pulchra (S. Africa)
 * Disa purpurascens (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa pygmaea (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa racemosa (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa renziana (Congo)
 * Disa reticulata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa rhodantha (Zimbabwe to S. Africa)
 * Disa richardiana (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa robusta (EC. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa roeperocharoides (S. Congo to Zambia)
 * Disa rosea (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa rufescens (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa rungweensis (SW. Tanzania to Malawi)
 * Disa sabulosa (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa sagittalis (South Africa, S. & SE. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal)
 * Disa salteri (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov)
 * Disa sanguinea (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal)
 * Disa sankeyi ( S. Africa)
 * Disa satyriopsis (Tanzania to Zambia)
 * Disa saxicola (Tanzania to S. Africa)
 * Disa schizodioides (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa schlechteriana (South Africa, SSW. Cape Prov.; Langeberg)
 * Disa scullyi (South Africa, E. Cape Prov. S. KwaZulu)
 * Disa scutellifera (NE. & E. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa similis (S. Trop. & S. Africa)
 * Disa spathulata (South Africa, Cape Prov.)
 * Disa spathulata subsp. spathulata (South Africa, Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa spathulata subsp. tripartita (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa stachyoides (S. Africa)
 * Disa stairsii (NE. Congo to E. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa stricta (S. Africa)
 * Disa subtenuicornis (South Africa, Cape Prov.; Riversdale)
 * Disa telipogonis (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa tenella (South Africa, Cape Prov.)
 * Disa tenella subsp. pusilla (South Africa, W. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa tenella subsp. tenella (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa tenuicornis (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa tenuifolia (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa tenuis (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa thodei (S. Africa, Eastern Cape to Drakensberg)
 * Disa triloba (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov)
 * Disa tripetaloides (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal)
 * Disa tysonii (South Africa, S. & E. Cape Prov. to Leshoto)
 * Disa ukingensis (S. Tanzania to E. Zambia)
 * Disa uncinata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa uniflora (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa vaginata (South Africa, SW. & S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa vasselotii (South Africa, S. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa venosa (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa venusta (South Africa, SW. & E. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa verdickii (S. Congo to Angola)
 * Disa versicolor (S. Trop. & S. Africa)
 * Disa virginalis (South Africa, SW. Cape Prov.)
 * Disa walleri (Burundi to S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa walteri (SW. Tanzania)
 * Disa welwitschii (Trop. & S. Africa)
 * Disa welwitschii subsp. occultans (Trop. Africa)
 * Disa welwitschii subsp. welwitschii (Trop. & S. Africa) Tuber geophyte
 * Disa woodii (Zimbabwe to S. Africa)
 * Disa zimbabweensis (Manicaland, Zimbabwe)
 * Disa zombica (Tanzania to S. Trop. Africa)
 * Disa zuluensis (Mpumalanga / East-Transvaal, KwaZulu-Natal)

title: Disa (plant)


text:
List of places in Wiltshire

This is a list of cities, towns and villages in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England.

A
Ablington

Addeston

Alcombe

Aldbourne

Alderbury

Alderton

All Cannings

Allington (near Chippenham)

Allington (near Devizes)

Allington (near Salisbury)

Alton Barnes

Alton Priors

Alvediston

Amesbury

Ansty

Ashley

Ashton Gifford

Ashton Keynes

Asserton

Atworth

Aughton

Avebury

Avon

Avoncliff

Axford

B
Badbury

Badbury Wick

Bagshot, Wiltshire

Bapton

Barford St Martin

Barrow Street

Bathampton

Baverstock

Baydon

Beanacre

Beardwell

Bearfield

Beechingstoke

Bemerton

Berryfield

Berwick Bassett

Berwick St James

Berwick St John

Berwick St Leonard

Beversbrook

Biddesden

Biddestone

Bigley

Birdbush

Bishop Fowley

Bishops Cannings

Bishopstone near Salisbury

Bishopstone near Swindon

Bishopstrow

Blackland

Blagdon Hill

Blunsdon St Andrew

Bodenham

Bonham

Boreham

Boscombe

Bottlesford

Bowerchalke

Bowerhill

Bowood House

Box

Boyton

Bradenstoke

Bradford Leigh

Bradford on Avon

Bratton

Braydon

Bremhill

Bridmore

Brigmerston

Brinkworth

Britford

Brixton Deverill

Broad Blunsdon

Broad Chalke

Broad Hinton

Broad Town

Brokenborough

Brokerswood

Bromham

Broughton Gifford

Brunton

Bugley

Bugmore

Bulbridge

Bulford

Bulkington

Bullenhill

Bupton

Burbage

Burcombe

Burderop

Burton

Bushton

Buttermere

C
Calne

Castle Combe

Castle Eaton

Chapmanslade

Charlton, Brinkworth

Charlton, Pewsey Vale

Charlton-All-Saints

Cherhill

Chicklade

Chilmark

Chilton Foliat

Chippenham

Chirton

Chisbury

Chiseldon

Chitterne

Chittoe

Cholderton

Christian Malford

Chute Cadley

Chute Forest

Coate

Codford

Colerne

Collingbourne Ducis

Collingbourne Kingston

Compton Bassett

Compton Chamberlayne

Coombe (near Donhead St Mary)

Coombe (near Enford)

Coombe Bissett

Corsham

Corsley

Corston, Wiltshire

Coulston

Covingham

Cricklade

Croucheston

Crudwell

D
Dauntsey

Dauntsey Lock

Devizes

Dilton Marsh

Dinton

Ditteridge

Donhead St Andrew

Donhead St Mary

Downton

Durrington

Derry Hill

Draycot Cerne

Draycot Foliat

E
East Chisenbury

East Everleigh

East Grafton

East Grimstead

East Kennett

East Knoyle

Easterton

Easton Grey

Easton Royal

Ebbesbourne Wake

Edington

Enford

Erlestoke

Etchilhampton

Everleigh

F
Figheldean

Fifield

Fifield Bavant

Firsdown

Fisherton Delamere

Fittleton

Fonthill Bishop

Fonthill Gifford

Ford (North Wiltshire)

Ford (Laverstock and Ford)

Fosbury

Fovant

Foxham

Foxley

Froxfield

Fugglestone St Peter

Fyfield

Fyfield (Pewsey)

G
Gasper

Goatacre

Great Bedwyn

Great Chalfield

Great Cheverell

Great Durnford

Great Hinton

Great Somerford

Great Wishford

Greatfield

Green Hill, Wiltshire

Grittleton

Gastard

H
Hannington

Hannington Wick

Haydon Wick

Ham

Ham Hill

Hampton

Hamptworth

Harnham

Hawkstreet

Haxton

Hayes Knoll

Heytesbury

Heywood

Highworth

Hilmarton

Hilperton

Hindon

Hinton Parva

Hodson

Holt

Honeystreet

Horningsham

Horton

Huish

Hullavington

I
Imber

K
Keevil

Kilmington

Kington Langley

Kington St Michael

Knook

L
Lacock

Lacock Abbey

Lake

Langley Burrell

Larkhill

Laverstock

Lea

Leigh Delamere

Liddington

Limpley Stoke

Little Bedwyn

Little Cheverell

Little Salisbury

Little Somerford

Littlecote House

Littlecott

Littleton Drew

Littleworth

Lockeridge

Longbridge Deverill

Longstreet

Lover

Lower Chute

Lower Everleigh

Lower Woodford

Ludgershall

Ludwell

Lydeway

Lydiard Millicent

Lydiard Tregoze

Lyneham

M
Maddington

Maiden Bradley

Malmesbury

The Manningfords

Manton

Marden

Market Lavington

Marlborough

Marlborough Downs

Marston

Marston Meysey

Marten

Melksham

Mere

Middle Woodford

Milbourne

Mile Elm

Milton Lilbourne

Mildenhall

Minety

Monkton Farleigh

Morgan's Vale

Mountain Bower

N
Neston

Nettleton

Netherstreet

Netheravon

New Town

New Zealand

Nine Elms

Nomansland

North Bradley

North Tidworth

North Wraxall

Norton Bavant

Notton

Nunton

O
Oare

Odstock

Ogbourne St George

Ogbourne St Andrew

Ogbourne Maizey

Old Dilton

Oxenwood

Oaksey

P
Patney

Perham Down

Pertwood

Pewsey

Pitton

Potterne

Poulshot

Poulton

Purton

Purton Stoke

R
Ramsbury

Redlynch

Restrop

Ridge

Rivar

Rockley

Rollestone

Roundway

Royal Wootton Bassett

Rowde

Rushall

S
St. Edith's Marsh

Salisbury

Sandridge

Sandy Lane

Seagry Heath

Sedgehill

Seend

Sells Green

Semley

Sevenhampton

Sevington

Shalbourne

Shaw

Sherrington

Sherston

Shrewton

Slaughterford

Snap

Sopworth

South Marston

South Newton

Stanton St Bernard

Stanton St Quintin

Stapleford

Startley

Steeple Ashton

Steeple Langford

Stert

Stitchcombe

Stockley

Stockton

Stourton

Stratford-sub-Castle

Stratford Tony

Stype

Sutton Benger

Sutton Mandeville

Sutton Veny

Swallowcliffe

Swanborough

Swindon

T
Teffont Evias

Teffont Magna

The Shoe

The Strand

Tidcombe

Tiddleywink

Tidworth

Tilshead

Tisbury

Tockenham

Tollard Royal

Trowbridge

Tytherington

U
Upavon

Upper Chute

Upper Seagry

Upper Upham

Upper Woodford

Upper Wraxall

Upton Lovell

Upton Scudamore

Urchfont

V
Vale of Pewsey

W
Wanborough

Wardour

Warminster

Washpool

Wedhampton

West Ashton

West Chisenbury

West Dean

West Grafton

West Grimstead

West Kennett

West Kington

West Knoyle

West Lavington

West Overton

West Stowell

Westbrook

Westbury

Westwood

Wexcombe

Whaddon (near Salisbury)

Whaddon (near Trowbridge)

Whiteparish

Whitley

Widham

Wilcot

Wilsford (near Pewsey)

Wilsford cum Lake

Wilton (near Salisbury)

Wilton (near Marlborough)

Wingfield

Winsley

Winterbourne Bassett

Winterbourne Dauntsey

Winterbourne Earls

Winterbourne Gunner

Winterbourne Monkton

Winterbourne Stoke

Winterslow

Woodborough

Woodfalls

Wootton Rivers

Worton

Wroughton

Wylye

Y
Yarnbrook

Yatesbury

Yatton Keynell

Z
Zeals

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of places in Wiltshire


text:
Itaberá

Itaberá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 17,480 (2020 est.) in an area of 1111 km². The elevation is 651 m. This place-name comes from the Tupi language and means "shining stone".

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itaberá


text:
Talk:Boot (disambiguation)

Who says vehicle boot to mean wheel clamp? Is it an Americanism? Edward 14:58, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, a "boot" when used in an automotive context means "wheel clamp" in the United States. --Delirium 03:08, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Other boots
List of all Wikipedia articles with Boot in the title as of September 15, 2005, per http://www.wikiwax.com/

 * Boot
 * Boot (disambiguation)
 * Boot (torture)
 * Darik's Boot and Nuke
 * Boot camp
 * Boot Camp (Reality Show)
 * Boot CD
 * Welly boot dance
 * Boot device
 * Boot disk
 * Boot Fetish
 * Boot flinging
 * Boot Hall, Florence
 * Boot Hill
 * Boot image
 * Boot Key
 * Boot knife
 * Boot loader
 * Boot loaders
 * Boot money
 * Boot monitor
 * Boot Polish
 * Boot polish boy
 * Boot process
 * Master Boot Record
 * Car boot sale
 * Boot sector
 * Boot sequence
 * BIOS Boot Sequence
 * Boot throwing
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 * John Boot, 2nd Baron Trent
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title: Talk:Boot (disambiguation)


text:
Oudelande

Oudelande is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Borsele, and lies about 19 km southeast of Middelburg.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1312 as "in Badickendorpe ende in Oudelant aen die zuudtzyde", and means "old land", because it was not flooded in 1014. Oudelande is a church village which developed on a ridge which was elevated to a terp (artificial living hill) in the 13th century. The circular structure was not completed on the northern side.

The Dutch Reformed church was originally dedicated to Saint Eligius. The large tower dates from the 14th century. In 1769, a part of the church was demolished and rebuilt.

Oudelande was home to 547 people in 1840. In 1927, a railway station was built on the Goes to Hoedekenskerke railway line. The station closed down in 1934.

The village was severely damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953. Oudelande was a separate municipality until 1970, when it was merged with Borsele.

After running a test for one year, the city council decided to remove all traffic signs in the beginning of 2007 to improve the look of the historical village.

title: Oudelande


text:
Neutral Confederacy

The Neutral Confederacy (also Neutral Nation, Neutral people, or Attawandaron) was a tribal confederation of Iroquoian peoples. Its heartland was in the floodplain of the Grand River in what is now Ontario, Canada. At its height, its wider territory extended toward the shores of lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario, as well as the Niagara River in the east. To the northeast were the neighbouring territories of Huronia and the Petun Country, which were inhabited by other Iroquoian confederacies from which the term Neutrals Attawandaron was derived. The five-nation Iroquois Confederacy was across Lake Ontario to the southeast.

Like others of Iroquoian language and culture, the tribes would raid and feud with fellow Iroquoian tribes. They were generally wary of rival Algonquian-speaking peoples, such as those who inhabited Canada to the East, along the St. Lawrence Valley basin. Iroquoian tribes were later known to historians for the fierce ways in which they waged war. A largely agrarian society, the Neutral Confederacy developed farmsteads that were admired and marveled over by European leaders writing reports to their sponsors.

The Neutral Confederacy were primarily engaged in hunting; they traded with others through furs and animal skins. The largest group identified as Chonnonton ('keepers of the deer'), partly because of their practice of herding deer into pens, a strategy used while hunting. Another group, the Onguiaahra ('near the big waters' or possibly 'the strait' – or something else, see ), populated the more southern Niagara Peninsula and allegedly account for the origin of the word "Niagara". The Chonnonton territory contained large deposits of flint, which was a valuable resource for sharp tools, fire-starting and, eventually, firearms, which, as a primary resource, allowed them to trade simultaneously with often-warring Huron and Iroquois tribes.

Since they were not at war with the Huron or the Iroquois in 1600, Jesuits travelling in the area of what is now Hamilton, the lower Grand Valley and Niagara, called them the Neutrals. However, the confederacy had feuds with an Algonkian people called the Mascouten or "Fire Nation", who were believed to live in what is present-day Michigan. In 1616, the Neutral Confederacy had an estimated 40 villages and 4,000 warriors. In 1641, after a serious epidemic, the Jesuits counted 40 Neutral villages, with about 12,000 people.

The nation was unable to survive the changes. In the 1650s, after the Iroquois Wars, they dispersed. One source indicates that the reasons included "wars, diseases and famine". The remaining members became a part of various other Iroquoian nations. Historical records kept by the French do not discuss the Neutrals as a nation or confederacy after 1672.

Names
The Neutrals' name for themselves was Chonnonton, or 'people of the deer', or, more precisely, 'the people who tend or manage deer'. They were called Attawandaron by the Huron, meaning 'people whose speech is awry or a little different'. The Iroquois called them Atirhagenrat (Atirhaguenrek) and Rhagenratka. Some of the tribes of the Neutral confederacy included the Aondironon, the Wenrehronon, and the Ongniaahraronon. They spoke Iroquoian languages but were culturally distinct from the Iroquois and competed with them for the same resources.

The French called the people "Neutral" (la Nation neutre) because they tried to remain neutral in the many wars between the confederacy of the Huron tribes and the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.

Geography
During the late 16th and the early 17th centuries, the territory of the Attawandaron, as they were called by the Huron Nation, was mostly within the limits of present-day southern Ontario. The Museum of Ontario Archaeology summarizes that territory as follows: "they 'inhabited dozens of villages in Southwestern Ontario stretching along the north shore of Lake Erie from the Niagara Peninsula to the Detroit River, perhaps as far north as Toronto in the east and Goderich in the west.'"They had population concentrations on the Niagara Peninsula and in the vicinity of the present-day communities of Hamilton and Milton, Ontario. In addition to this main territory, there was a single population cluster to the east, across the Niagara River, near modern-day Buffalo, New York, which was west of the Wenro people. – Souharissen was the warrior chief who lived in a village called Ounontisatan, which was visited by the French in 1625-1626. His trade agreement with the Neutral people provided protection for them by his warriors. The principal headman took on and defeated the Fire Nation in what is present-day Michigan. The Recollect priest Joseph de la Roche Daillon lived with him for five months in the winter of 1626–1627. Daillon visited 28 Neutral villages, including the capital, which the French referred to as Nôtre Dame des Anges. The fertile flats of the various oxbows that Big Creek makes three miles from its mouth at Grand River, were ideal for long-term settlement. Noble uses the term "Neutralia" to designate the concentration of Iroquoian-speaking natives in the area.

F. Douglas Reville's The History of the County of Brant (1920) said that the hunting grounds of the Attawandaron ranged from Genesee Falls and Sarnia and south of a line drawn from Toronto to Goderich.

During their travels, Jean de Brébeuf and Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot gave each Neutral village a Christian name. The only ones that are mentioned in their writings were Kandoucho, or All Saints, the nearest to the Huron Nation; Onguioaahra, on the Niagara River; Teotongniaton or St. William, in the centre of their country; and Khioetoa, or St. Michel (near what is now Windsor, Ontario).

Reville described their territory as having been heavily forested and full of "wild fruit trees of vast variety," with nut trees, berry bushes, and wild grape vines. "Elk, caribou, and black bear; deer, wolves, foxes, martens and wild cats filled the woods."

According to the City of Waterloo, Ontario, the indigenous people who lived in the area in the precontact era included the Neutral Confederacy. In 2020, a site in nearby Kitchener, Ontario was found to include artifacts from an Iroquioan village that was inhabited circa 1300 to 1600. Archeologists found some 35,000 objects including stone tools and a 4,000 year old arrowhead. Another source states that the site "is among a cluster of Attawandaron villages in this part of the region". In 1976, a Neutral Confederacy cemetery was unearthed in Grimsby, Ontario. The area that now comprises Morriston in Puslinch, Ontario is said to have been inhabited by the Neutral Confederacy, in a village of 4,000. This region may have had the largest Neutral Confederacy settlement in Ontario, at one time.

Onondaga chert was plentiful in Neutral lands due to the presence of the Onondaga Limestone formation. This tool stone was also available to the Five Nations Iroquois in their own lands, but not to other neighbouring peoples. The Neutral territory marked the furthest northern and western extent of useable chert deposits, even though the Onondaga Limestone runs further.

History
The Neutrals had an alliance with the Wenrohronon, also Iroquoian-language people, to defend against the powerful Iroquois Five Nations Confederacy, who were also Iroquoian speakers. That dissolved in 1639, with devastating effects, particularly to the Wenrohronon. The Wenrohronon made an alliance with the Huron, who were located farther away and could not offer much support.

Traveling south from Midland, Ontario, Étienne Brûlé passed through the Attawandaron territory circa 1615 and spent a winter among the Nation, during 1625–1626. A Franciscan Récollet, Father Joseph de La Roche Daillon, spent time with the Nation in 1626 and estimated the population as 40,000 at that time. About 14 years later, Brébeuf and Chaumonot visited 18 Neutral Confederacy settlements and stayed in ten villages. By that time, the estimated population was only "about 12,000 people and 4,000 warriors in about 40 villages and hamlets".

After destroying the Hurons, the Iroquois attacked the Neutrals. Around 1650, during a period that is now loosely referred to as the Beaver Wars, referring to the theft of furs, the Iroquois Confederacy declared war on the Attawandaron. Some historians state that the Iroquois destroyed the Neutral society, which ended as a separate entity in 1651. However, the Neutral population had already been reduced by diseases such as smallpox and measles carried by Europeans. By 1652, the Iroquois had also destroyed the Huron, Petun and Erie Nations. Some of the Neutrals were incorporated into Seneca villages in upstate New York, and others were absorbed into various other societies. The Kenjockety family, one of the last known families to trace their ethnicity to the Neutrals, still lives among the Senecas.

Anthropologist Jackes discussed the year 1651 as particularly significant: "during the final Iroquois onslaught...the Neutral fled into the woods and dispersed for the last time ... The years of famine and disease no doubt contributed to the rout".

The last reference to the Neutrals as an independent society is from the fall of 1653. A historical mention in 1864 refers to the "Huron de la nation neuter" and "Hurons neutres" (neutral Hurons).

Society and culture
The Neutral Confederacy had much in common with the Petun Nation and may have had shared ancestry. The Jesuit Relations in 1652 describes tattooing among the Petun (also called the Tobacco Nation) as well as the Neutrals: "And this (tattooing) in some nations is so common that in the one which we called the Tobacco, and... the Neutral. I know not whether a single individual was found, who was not painted in this manner, on some part of the body."

The Museum of Ontario Archeology describes the society as "semi-nomadic", living in villages for about 20 years before abandoning a site after depleting the game and the soil of the area. A historian in 1997 stated that the Nation "also made use of hamlets, agricultural field cabins, specialized camps ... and cemeteries. Another source describes the Neutrals as a "hunter-gatherer society who lived in longhouses that sheltered multiple families". Research conducted by anthropologist Mary Jackes states that they remained neutral "in the conflicts between the Iroquois from south of the Great Lakes and the Ontario Iroquoians who lived to the north" and thrived through active trading instead of war, although the Huron nation aggressively worked to prevent trade between the Neutrals and the French.

The chief of 28 villages, villas, and towns in the last years of the Neutral confederacy was named Tsouharissen or Souharissen ("Child of the Sun") who led several raids against the Mascouten (or "The Fire Nation"), who lived in territory in present-day Michigan and Ohio. A 1627 report called him the chief of all of the nation (Neutrals). Tsouharissen died around 1646. Within a generation (by the early 1670s), all of the nearby first nations, the Erie, the Huron, Neutrals, Tobacco tribes, and even the fierce Susquehannocks would all fall between rampaging epidemic diseases or in the bloody Beaver Wars between themselves and/or to the last tribe standing with any significant military power, the Iroquois.

Flintworking and trade
The Neutrals quarried Onondaga chert from the Onondaga Limestone formation in their lands. Prior to European contact, they used this chert as a tool stone for arrowheads, bifaces, and other weapons and tools. This extended into the protohistoric and post-contact periods, and has been documented at sites associated with the Onondaga, Oneida, and St. Lawrence Iroquoians. It was superior for toolmaking to other local chert varieties around the St. Lawrence Lowlands.

That important resource was used to make spearheads and arrowheads and so gave the Neutrals the power to maintain their neutrality. Once the neighbours began receiving firearms through trade with the Europeans, however, the possession of the flint grounds was much less of an advantage. Flints were still used in trade for the flintlocks on guns. The Neutral continued to trade commodities such as maize, tobacco, and black squirrel and other high-grade furs for steel axes, glass beads, cloaks, conch shells, gourd containers, and firearms.

Language
Records left by Jesuit priests in the 1600s indicate that the Neutral language was similar to Huron and so was a dialect of Iroquoian. They believed that all three groups had once been a part of a single group.

Their neighbours, the Wendat (Wyandot, or Huron) Nation referred to the Neutrals (Chonnonton) impolitely as "Attawandaron," meaning "Those whose speech is awry" because their dialect was different. (Apparently, the Chonnonton referred to the Wendat by the same term.) Because the language of the Neutral Confederacy has been extinct for more than three centuries, little is known about the Neutrals' language. Mithun (1979:145, 188–189) cites Jesuits pointing out that the Neutral language was different from the Wendat language, in that the Neutrals were "vne Nation differente de langage, au moins en plusieurs choses" (Thwaites 21.188) / "a Nation different in language, at least in many respects" (Thwaites 21.189). Mithun further cites work by Roy Wright (Mithun 1979:160) where the latter notes from the Neutral name given to Chaumonot that the Neutral language did not have sound changes that distinguish Wendat from other Northern Iroquoian languages. Hanzeli (1969), referencing Thwaites (21:228–230), notes Brébeuf and Chaumonot considered Neutral different enough from Wendat to write a separate Neutral grammar and dictionary, now lost.

Archaeology
The Southwold Earthworks, near St. Thomas, Ontario, contains the remains of a precontact Neutral village and is a National Historic Site of Canada. It is known for conspicuous earthworks, which were rare in southern Ontario, and are well preserved.

The Museum of Ontario Archaeology in London, Ontario, is located adjacent to the Lawson site. It is another 500-year-old Neutral village which has been under study since the early 1900s. An Ontario historical plaque commemorates the site, which was occupied by Neutrals in the 1500s. About 1000 to 2000 people lived in longhouses in the fortified community. Scientific excavation was first completed in 1921–1923, when the site was owned by the Lawson family. The searches have recovered 30,000 artifacts and the remains of 19 longhouses. Some of the longhouses and the pallisade have been reconstructed.

The McMaster University professor William Noble has excavated and documented the existence of many villages southwest of Hamilton, comprising a Neutral Confederacy, which he believes to have been centred at the Walker site and was presided over by the chief Souharissen. Noble was instrumental in excavating and documenting other Neutral sites in Thorold, Grimsby, and Binbrook. Reports from those and other Southern Ontario sites near Milton (Crawford Lake) and Oakville have indicated that the Neutral Confederacy hunted not only deer but also elk, moose, beaver, raccoons, squirrels, black bear, fox and muskrat. The remains of catfish, whitefish, salmon and trout were also common at many of the sites.

In 1983–1985, another site was excavated. One of the largest Attawandaron villages, the location covered 13 acres of the Badenoch section of Puslinch, on the east side of Morriston, Ontario. The estimated population of the Ivan Elliot site was 4,000; the Neutrals lived in longhouses and used the village for about 20 years. Another nearby site, on the McPhee farm, owned by Raymond Reid, was excavated in 1983. The village had a population of about 1,000 around 1500–1530.

The Neutral Confederacy decline and eventual end can be attributed to genocide. The final catastrophe that led to its end by the early 1650s was investigated by the archaeologist Mary Jackes. The demise of the Neutral Confederacy occurred in spite of reports by the French, who first met it, "in 1610 as strong, healthy and numerous. They lived in the most fertile and warmest part of Ontario. They were determined to remain neutral in the conflicts between the Iroquois from south of the Great Lakes and the Ontario Iroquoians who lived to the north of the Neutral. They throve on trade, rather than war." Jackes re-examined French reports including the Jesuit Relations and the artefacts found in the Grimsby site.

When grounds were prepared for a new housing development in Grimsby, Ontario, in 1976, a Neutral Confederacy burial site was uncovered in sheltered embayment of the Niagara Escarpment. The excavation by Kenyon was closed after only two months in 1977, and the skeletons were reburied near the original site. It was estimated that over 100 bodies were recovered at the time. "Natural disruption, disease, famine and years of severe weather would have been sufficient to begin population decline. Intensifying war, with many killed, taken captive or forced to become refugees, led to almost complete population collapse." Jackes suggested that this burial site "had significance and that it was a place of refuge... especially for women and children."

title: Neutral Confederacy


text:
Talk:Rockhampton

Rockhampton, Queensland
Moved from article:

This page uses WikiProject U.S. states as a guide to formatting, and is still a work in progress.

Backpackers
Anyone have any infomation regarding accomidation in rocky?

Hell
Anyone got a photo of the "Hell" in lights from Mt Archer?

If noone does I'll see if I can get GNU-liscenced copy from either The Morning bulletin or Roving Enteprises (only tow official orgs I know that might have it).--ZZ 14:59, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The abc showed a documentary about a chick who grew up rockhampton, you might be able to get it off them. Otherwise I'll take a photo next time I go up there.

Puppetry of the Penis banned?
This is wrong. Initially the city council voted to not allow the show. About a week later they caved to the nationwide backlash and relented.

Just in case I am mistaken, I'm checking the morning bulletin archives. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jc3k (talk • contribs) 2006-03-02 19:41:52.
 * Ah! I heard of the original rejection and as an ex-Rocky boy it sounded just like the local council. It if did indeed proceed then it shouldn't be in the article. Garglebutt / (talk) 09:42, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Rockhampton's First School
This looks like a cut and paste out of a copyrighted work (not sure of the duration of copyright in Australia). I have formatted it as an extended quote for now but I'm not sure it can stay. Garglebutt / (talk) 21:33, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Where would I have to go to find the archives? I'm trying to improve the Emmaus College article.Joeldipops 12:24, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

US WWII bases
There were at least two WWII US air force bases around, Rockhampton, 1st. where the current international airport is, 2nd. was located about half way between Rockhampton and the east coast at a place know as Hedlow. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.220.60.192 (talk) 15:30, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Newspapers
I am proposing deleting everything but the first paragraph in the seciton on newspapers as it strays considerably off the topic of a geography article. Michellecrisp (talk) 04:31, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I support a major trim, however I would keep the first two paras. If there were sources I would suggest moving the fourth para to The Morning Bulletin and a trimmed down version of the rest to the History section. The list of people and radio stations could be comfortably trimmed as well. -- Mattinbgn\talk 04:52, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * In fact, I have trimmed it myself.

Content of Newspaper section
Below is the removed content from this section should it be useful elsewhere:

A satirical paper called "The Mourning Bulltin" was occasionally produced during the Capricarna Festival, it contained stories about local events (some factual, some purely ficticious) written in a satirical style.

A rival newspaper, the Northern Argus, appeared January 3, 1863, becoming a daily newspaper in 1875. Initially the Bulletin was held to be more conservative while the Argus was more radical, though in 1895, the Argus was bought by Stewart Hartley, the son in law of Charles Hardie Buzzacott (who had been editor of the Bulletin after his brother William) and reissued as the Daily Record. The paper was bought by Thomas J. Ryan, later Labor Premier of Queensland, and became a vehicle for Labor policies. It became the Evening News in 1922, and was later bought by and incorporated into the Bulletin by 1941.

The Capricornian was a weekly newspaper launched on January 2, 1875, which was amalgamated with the Artesian, another weekly newspaper, to be reissued as the Central Queensland Herald on January 1, 1930, before ceasing circulation in 1956. Another rival paper from the 1890s was the Peoples Newspaper edited after 1896 by Wallace Nelson, who was described as "Rockhampton's Breeziest Editor and Most Attractive Speaker".

The short-lived but inventively named Rockhampton Laughing Jackass was a weekly newspaper founded by Louis Marcellin Martin in 1881. Colourful, irreverent and humorous it ceased publication in mid 1882 due to financial difficulties. The idea of a satirical journal was resurrected twenty years later with the launch of the Cornucopian on January 1 1901, however it was equally short lived.

North Rockhampton had its own newspaper for some years from 1885; the Rockhampton Temperance Advocate which became the North Rockhampton Times & Blackall Electorate Advertiser. -- Mattinbgn\talk 05:00, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Lead section
definitely could be expanded as per WP:LEAD Michellecrisp (talk) 23:56, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Table of radio stations
Is it needed? seems to be not consistent with WP:NOT? Michellecrisp (talk) 01:30, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:WIN News Rockhampton Presenters.png
The image File:WIN News Rockhampton Presenters.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --01:56, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

Notable peeps
Karl Stephenovic(sp) was born in Rockhampton, or so it says on his wiki page. 70.77.220.229 (talk) 04:33, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. There is easily a rough consensus to move, in that all but one of the opponents quote Naming conventions (geographic names) as their main or only reason for opposing, and there is currently no consensus supporting this convention as is, see Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (geographic names)/Archives/2011/March. One of the oppose votes below even supports a change to the convention. I encourage all who participated in this discussion to now help get the convention sorted out; This discussion will help. Andrewa (talk) 21:52, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Rockhampton, Queensland → Rockhampton — "Rockhampton" is currently a disambiguation page but "Rockhampton, Queensland" is clearly the primary topic. The other two articles linked on the disambiguation page are an unreferenced sub-stub on an English village and a derivative article on the city centre of Rockhampton. While a "Rockhampton (disambiguation) page could be created, I feel it would be simpler to use a hat note. While the naming guidelines for Australian places as currently written states that mandatory disambiguation is required, this guideline no longer enjoys wide consensus and the results of recent move discussions at Talk:Ballarat, Talk:Whyalla and Talk:Alice Springs reflect this. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 07:09, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * What are the arguments to maintain the disambig? Otherwise, I'd say move it. --Merbabu (talk) 08:13, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Support Clearly the primary topic.--Melburnian (talk) 09:00, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree with the move per rationale as stated Privatemusings (talk) 09:15, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Primary topic and sufficiently recognisable/inobscure at national/international level. Orderinchaos 07:43, 8 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose move due to ambiguity with the Rockhampton CBD article and the lesser known Rockhampton in England. At the most, I would support Rockhampton being redirected to this article as being the more recognised Rockhampton with a hatnote for the lesser recognised Rockhampton in England.  As for the Rockhampton CBD article, it could either be cleaned up, or a merge discussion to merge it in here if regular contributors to this article wish to do so.  On a related note in regards to the 2 Rockhampton articles, Cities like Ipswich, Queensland, Ipswich (suburb), Queensland and Redcliffe have similar absurd arrangements.  Sb617 (Talk) 13:05, 8 January 2011 (UTC)
 * comment: I think there is a convention for all non-capital Australian cities to be at City, State for sake of convenience when wondering what to wikilink to (how many Cunnamullas are there?). Maybe this has changed or I am mistaken. ZayZayEM (talk) 03:08, 9 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support- Support for the mandatory disambiguation of Australian place names has pretty well evaporated, and it is contrary to Article_titles. Rockhampton in Queensland is clearly the primary topic for this title, and if there is a confusion with Rockhampton's CBD this will not be solved by retaining the comma Queensland bit. Reyk  YO!  06:12, 9 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose There has been no consensus to change the wording of the Naming Convention for Australia (though it is something I would support).  As such, that convention still stands, and deviating from it for a few special cases can only create confusion and lead to edit warring.  People who know the conventions exist will look to the naming convention for guidance, and will find it should be Rockhampton, Queensland.  By all means keep trying to change the naming convention, but if you cannot gain consensus to do so, the rule on Wikipedia is that the status quo remains.  Skinsmoke (talk) 04:09, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment Based on the above, can I expect to see you develop RM discussions for Whyalla, Alice Springs, Geraldton and Ballarat to bring them brought back into line with the convention? Despite the rather horrid recent experience at WT:NCGN re: US places, there is no need for an all-guns blazing RfC to take place for a guideline to evolve. Guidelines are as much descriptive of existing practice as they are prescriptive for future practice, if not more so. There is nothing wrong with the naming guideline as it is written to lag behind somewhat the convention as it is actually used. That is how any consensus for change is best identified, not through rambling vitriol filled discussion that ends up being little more than a headcount.. As for claims of edit warring and confusion, there is quite a list of Australian places under their common sense names - see User:Mattinbgn/Undisambiguated Australian places - and there has not been any mass outbreaks of confusion among readers and editors, nor have there been any great edit wars. Change has proceeded at a steady pace to allow editors to feel comfortable with the change and if and when it appears that there is a solid consensus to change the written guideline, no doubt someone will propose one. That is much likely to see a rational discussion at WT:NCGN than a speculative change based on unknown levels of support and without clear precedent showing the proposed changes are workable. The latter path sees a result like WT:NCGN, a divisive mess. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 04:34, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, if you've got a general rule that enjoys widespread acceptance and consensus then any specific exception to that rule needs continued support. If that dries up then editors are more than welcome to revert back to the general one. In the case of the mandatory disambiguation of Australian place names, it is clear that this exception no longer has the support it needs to remain in place. Mattinbgn is right in saying that guidelines reflect what is actually done rather than prescribing what must be done, and it seems to me that the current practice is moving away from the pointless disambiguation of Australian place names. Reyk  YO!  08:29, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose The convention is clear and should be followed.Alanscottwalker (talk) 00:24, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment Why does this article need disambiguation, other than WP:ILIKEIT? -- Mattinbgn (talk) 00:36, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It is the convention, which complies with the Wikipedia guidelines, there are other articles similarly titled and changing it without changing the guideline just because you don't like it is a divisive mess.Alanscottwalker (talk) 05:22, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * If a guideline no longer has support, perhaps the guideline needs to change. Guidelines are supposed to reflect current practice, not act as inviolable laws (hence the word "guideline"). Talk:Alice Springs would be a fair idea of where consensus on the Australian convention is at present. The Australian guideline is clearly in a state of flux and there appears to be some consensus for at least a broadening of the convention. There seems to me to be no reason to think that evolutionary, gradual change is any worse than only permitting change only through the inevitably messy revolutionary process of an RfC. Indeed, the gradual approach seems to me to be preferable, especially where an RfC discussion is likely to be railroaded by editors using the discussion as a proxy war for the US convention. It doesn't need to be divisive, unless we make it so. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 05:58, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I could not disagree more, what you propose is anarchy. If the guideline should be changed then properly change it. In the meantime, it's the guideline and therefore must be presumed (even by you) to have the support of the community.  Your hope, or wish, or reading of this or that move is no substitute for a Wikipedia guideline that has been already adopted by the community. Nothing could be more divisive to the community then just ignoring guidelines we have already adopted as a community. Alanscottwalker (talk) 06:22, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Policies and guidelines can be broken, the "Naming Convention" clearly has no support from the community and nothing prevents articles being moved to more suitable naming. Bidgee (talk) 06:34, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * But I am not ignoring consensus, I am clearly seeking it. What else is this RM discussion for if not to seek consensus? I am not sure why I should presume the convention as written has the support of the community when Talk:Whyalla, Talk:Ballarat and Talk:Geraldton tell me something else entirely. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 06:52, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It appears you will insist that I take your word for what guidelines are and aren't supported. I won't. Ignoring this guideline does not improve Wikipedia, there is no improvement to the encyclopedia by this change, you merely wish to replace it with another that you like better, while the convention still stands. Alanscottwalker (talk) 07:09, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

(unindent) No I am not asking you to take my word for anything. I am pointing you towards evidence that the guidelines no longer wide support—Talk:Whyalla, Talk:Ballarat and Talk:Geraldton, etc, etc. Quite obviously I think the encyclopedia will be improved by this change, which will bring the naming of this article back in line with the way that articles are named across the rest of the encyclopedia with the exception of the walled garden that are US place names. You disagree, that's fine. I would prefer a better argument than WP:PRIOR however. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 07:19, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * If you really want a new discussion about the Australian convention then propose a change to that guideline as other editors have suggested.Alanscottwalker (talk) 07:32, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Your concept that nothing is allowed to change until an all-in shitfight takes place somewhere is bizarre, and is contrary to how change has taken place across the encyclopedia over the past 10 years. It is also contrary to the consensus shown at Talk:Whyalla, Talk:Ballarat and Talk:Geraldton, etc, etc. We are here to talk about Rockhampton, not rewrite a guideline. If it is good enough for Australian places to be exempt from the general naming policy as shown at WP:AT, then surely it is equally fine for Rockhampton to be exempt from the Australian "convention" as presently written. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 09:22, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Your emotional you "don't like it" arguments like this by arguing out of two sides of your mouth by now conveniently trumpeting "its always been done it this way" to support your position, after you have accused other editors of that, is what's damaging to Wikipedia. I am not the only editor who has suggested you go about it by changing the guideline.  At Wikipedia, we discuss, we don't s*-fight.  You neither believe in the community, nor improve the encyclopedia.Alanscottwalker (talk) 14:17, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * @Alanscottwalker: Time to stop the personal attacks and bad faith, it doesn't help anyone. Bidgee (talk) 15:14, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It is clear that you and I are going to be unable to find common ground so this is my last comment in this little discussion. WP:NCGN states: "Most Australian town/city/suburb articles are at Town, State no matter what their status of ambiguity is". This is presently a statement of fact. However, where in this guideline does it say that Australian town/city/suburb articles must be at Town, State? The guidelines do not prohibit this move and continually asserting that they do is tendentious. Further, if you have evidence that this move will damage the encyclopedia, let's hear it. Continual assertions unsupported by evidence do not make your argument any stronger. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 22:24, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Support Rockhampton is clearly to primary topic and disambiguation is unnecessary for a location which is far more notable then the city centre (Rockhampton CBD) and English village. Bidgee (talk) 04:20, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Very clearly the primary topic and nowhere in the guidelines does it say that the state name is required anymore. These guidelines are on the verge of changing anyway.  Night w   02:55, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - Primary topic Fmph (talk) 09:39, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Separate suburbs articles unnecessary - Suburbs section to be made into table.
The Suburbs section currently contains a list of suburbs, each which link to their own separate Wikipedia articles. Almost all of these links are dead links as no such separate article exists anyway. For the working links, most go to a stub article which simply reiterates that the suburb is a suburb of Rockhampton, and lists its 2006 census population. Only 2 or 3 working links go to any more of that, and those pages are still stubs themselves. I propose that these separate articles be deleted, the links removed, and the Suburbs section be changed into table format which can display the suburb name, census data and any other relevent information in a separate column titled Notes or More Info or something like that. I don't think the separate suburbs of Rockhampton are so noteworthy as to warrant their own Wikipedia articles, especially when no-one seems to be able to think of anything to write anyway. FatDaks (talk) 23:20, 18 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't have a problem with the general thrust of what you propose given the current state of the articles in question. I would suggest not deleting the existing suburbs articles but rather redirecting them to the relevant section in the Rockhampton article. If fact, if you intend to use the information in the stubs in the main article, you cannot delete the stubs under Wikipedia's licencing arrangements otherwise the editors of the stub articles will no longer be able to credited for their work.

 * Also, I see your move as a temporary one only until someone takes an interest and expands them. There is plenty of scope to expand all of those stub articles into fully fledged articles of their own and every one of those suburbs could justify an article in their own right. There would be an absolute multitude of high quality, relevant sources available at the State Library of Queensland or at the Rockhampton Regional Library Service if someone wanted to expand them. See Caversham, New Zealand for a great example of what an article about a suburb of a regional city can become if someone takes an interest. Caversham is no more "notable" than Wandal. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 00:49, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree with all your points, including the separate articles becoming redirects rather than being deleted. That's actually what I had meant originally, and referring to them being deleted was an error.  Thanks for the input.  --FatDaks (talk) 07:13, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

I've gone ahead and made the suburbs table after no disagreement since April 2011. Its my first Wikipedia table - there's still some work to be done on correcting the header widths. I also intend to add a column for the suburb co-ordinates. FatDaks (talk) 00:56, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Dubious
The wikilink Brothers Old Boys has been added by an anon editor in this article as a Rockhampton sports team. According to the BOB's article they are a Brisbane team which arose from a Brisbane school and there is no mention there of a connection to Rockhampton. But there is a Rockhampton Brothers Rugby Union Team website, which uses a similar looking logo to BOB and this Fraternity web page suggests there are multiple Brothers football teams in some kind of fraternal relationship (guessing teams of old boys of various Christian Brothers schools). Can anyone more knowledgable about rugby union sort this out? If it's one team, can the connection to Rockhampton be mentioned in the BOB article? If it's a separate team, can we change the name of the team in this article and remove the wikilink to the Brisbane team? Or whatever else makes sense. Kerry (talk) 23:08, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

Royal visits
There appears to be too much detail about the monarchy instead of the city. How about we remove the recently added section and place it on Royal visits to Australia? - Shiftchange (talk) 14:28, 24 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I think it would be out of proportion there too because there is so much detail (but it is all well-cited so I would be reluctant to prune it back). I would suggest putting it into its own article Royal visits to Rockhampton with appropriately brief versions in Rockhampton and Royal visits to Australia which link to it. Kerry (talk) 04:27, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Population ranking (lede)
According to the Wikipedia listing of most populous places in Qld, Rocky would come 5th after the SEQ cities/conurbations, not 4th. The 2015 report cited is not the census and is not that utilised in the Wikipedia list. Can this please be adjusted such that separate wiki pages do not disagree with another? I’ve not done so, but put it up for discussion or whatever as it’s clear that someone has gone to considerable lengths to ‘prove’ Rocky’s superior size. Boscaswell  talk  08:18, 5 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Sigh. Exaggerating the importance of one's home town seems to be pretty common phenomenon; at least this one has a citation.The article you mention is based on 2011 data, so not exactly up-to-date. And whenever anyone goes near these lists of "largest by population", you get caught in the issue of whether you are comparing LGAs or Urban Areas etc (see Talk:List of cities in Australia by population to see the many discussions/arguments that eventually terminate without resolution in this topic area). Because of the capital city urban sprawls absorbing previously disjoint neighbouring towns, notions of "city" and similar have became become "complicated" to say the least. When talking about Rockhampton, do we consider Gracemere? Do we consider Yeppoon and the Capricorn Coast? Right now this article has a citation that supports what it says using some definition of city and 2015 data; it's defensible so I'd leave it be. If you want to fix something, fix List of places in Queensland by population by using more recent population data. Enjoy! 13:57, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rockhampton


text:
Itajobi

Itajobi is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city has a population of 15,297 inhabitants and an area of 502.1 km².

Itajobi belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itajobi


text:
Lorne sausage

The Lorne sausage, also known as square sausage, flat sausage or slice, is a traditional Scottish food item made from minced meat, rusk and spices. Although termed a sausage, no casing is used to hold the meat in shape, hence it is usually served as square slices from a formed block. It is a common component of the traditional Scottish breakfast.

Name
It is thought that the sausage is named after the region of Lorne in Argyll; advertisements for 'Lorne Sausage' have been found in newspapers as early as 1892. This was long before comedian Tommy Lorne, after whom the sausage has been said to be named, became well-known.

History
The exact origins of the Lorne sausage remain unclear. It is often eaten in the Scottish variant of the full breakfast or in a breakfast roll. The sausage is also an appropriate size to make a sandwich using a slice from a plain loaf of bread cut in half.

Preparation
Sausage meat (beef, pork or more usually a combination of the two) is minced with rusk and spices, packed into a rectangular tin with a cross-section of about 10 cm square, and sliced about 1 cm thick before cooking. Square sausage has no casing, unlike traditional sausages, and must be tightly packed into the mould to hold it together; slices are often not truly square.

Occasionally, it has a length of caseless black pudding or haggis through the middle, in the style of a gala pie.

title: Lorne sausage


text:
Itaju

Itaju is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 3,887 (2020 est.) in an area of 230 km². The elevation is 498 m.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itaju


text:
Talk:Mdmpd

from VfD:

Part of a non-notable Linux software package. Delete because Wikipedia is not a set of Unix manual pages. jni 15:01, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The article isn't a unix man page, not that I am against having entries on programs that infact do have man pages (such as chmod, du and df). Keep.--Dittaeva 16:17, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes but those three commands you list are decades old, known by almost every Unix user and are explained in dozens of books. Mdmpd is a (possibly short lived and still evolving) non-standard addition from a single vendor for a single platform. No change of vote. jni 16:57, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not at all encyclopedic. Next thing you know we'll have articles on every file from every operating system. Shudder. --Improv 16:44, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep—at least find a good place to merge/redirect it.  — siro  χ  o  22:26, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect to mdadm or Linux software RAID or something.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:20, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wrong side of the line. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:22, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Exactly the sort of term for which I'd look in wikipedia for a definition. 80.255 18:06, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Mdmpd


text:
Talk:Lu Yuegang

Hi, everyone hv good work...but...too much overlapping. i try to re-organize it. we try to minimize overlapping together. plz check if it is ok. thx add oil together lar.

Absolutely, it is good to have different section in our acticles. However, more his past expereience in the field including his awards gsined should be stated. Let's work it out together! Thanks.[0101WONGoy]

Hello to all~      I have tried to divide our article into sections so that we can catagorise our information according to different aspects. Do you find it will help us work towards the aim of our project better? I'm not sure if we can fill in all those sections, but let's try to find first~   and if you guys think that improvement can be made to the sections, (eg. add or cut sections), please do that! Thx! (0101LIY)

HelloThanks you very much for dividing the article into sections. I think it will be more efficient for us to do it. I am searching more information now and preparing to upload a photo. However, I don;t have a scanner and need to ask help from my friend. I will try it later. Let's add oil together ~^^ (0101LUIml)

Hi there ~  thx for all the work u've done, (0101LIY). It's now more organized. And i've just upload a pic of Lu in 2002... Maybe (0101LUIml) can post a pic of him when he was young. Though Lu is famous in the field of journalism, he is not popular among the society. Pics do help in that case (0101CHENGyp)

Hi there. I noticed this article by watching "recent changes". It's not neutral I'm afraid. It's clear that some of you greatly admire this man. Which is fine in itself but we don't write wikipedia articles like that :-( Please try to write the article as if you couldn't care less about the man. For example saying " he is a journalist" is fine but saying "he is a great journalist" is POV (even if it's true). Cheers Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 06:33, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hi to all! Dividing the article is just a small thing, don't mention it~ you guys are great! you have found many things about him!! So powerful! I've searched the HKU library but I can't find anyone has writen anything about Lu.. so i can only try to add some minor detail about Lu recently.. do you mainly search from the internet? (0101LIY)

Use www.google.com (see JMSC0101 wiki homepage for link also) and search "Lu Yuegang". Google listed at least 231 related articles about him. (Li- JMSC0101 TA) Lfcho 14:02, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)lfcho

Wikify your entry!
please pay heed to the notice to wikify your entry. at the minimum you need a lead paragraph -- not just a picture of him. keep on editing! (JMSC0101 TA - Li) Lfcho 16:03, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hello everybody!! Do you all see the notice that remind us to wikify our entry? I do trying to do so but I don't know how can we do it? Are there any part in wrong format? Should we solve this problem together as soon as possible? 0101LUIml

About the Book Name of Lu
Hey~I would like to ask one question. Do any of our groupmate can verify the name of Lu's Book? I am doing the translation. There is on book name which I am not sure. It is "超越世紀:性藝術在中國" ~is that correct? Do anyone know it? 0101LUIml

Hi 0101LUIml, I would like to ask if the translations for the books are found from sources or made up by ourselves? =)     0101LIY

hi 0101LIY ~I only translate it by myself. I cannot find the source. However, I think it is quite necessary for us to translate it as tutor said this is an English-oriented webwork. We have to consider the foreign reader. I know there must be many mistakes, so thanks you for correcting it!! 0101LUIml

Hi 0101LUIml, your idea is brilliant! Thanks for being a lead to do that!! Your translation is good! I just combine my effort with yours in doing that =) I find your translation in 辛未水患 interesting! how did you come up with it?   0101LIY

0101LIY~ I use the website http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php to translate the book name. When I enter "辛未" ~it gave me the name~I was also not sure about it, so I then searched by the yahoo and google. I found that they were something about "fengshui" in Chinese traditional culture. It may be Chinese traditional form to mark the year. Besides, thanks you very much for appreciating my work but your effort make our wiki more perfect!^^ 0101LUIml 21 OCT 04

Hey dear 0101LUIml! Good news!! I just found a website [] talking about the book 辛未水患! it says 辛未 is the name of the year 1991, just like 葵亥年 ect. That book talks about the flooding in Huadong 華東水災! So maybe we'd better change the book name into 'Flooding in the Year of 1991'? Can you think of other better name? =) 0101LIY

Dear 0101LIYI think "Flooding in the Year of 1991" is a good name ar!! This can help people to have a clearer picture of the content! 0101LUIml

dear 0101LUIml~ OK! then let's use it as the name! BTW, so happy to work with you all this way! it is an interesting project! =)     0101LIY

Good work on your lead paragraph
But what happened to all your internal and external links?! (JMSC0101 TA - Li) Lfcho 15:23, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Big Country Small People.jpg
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Lu Yuegang


text:
Talk:Little Feat (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Littlefeatalbum.jpg
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POV
Lots of good information here but it's presented like a fan page. The language needs to be made a little more neutral. PurpleChez (talk) 14:53, 21 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I removed the paragraph that was obviously written by a fan. Feel free to re-add the information if you can do it in a neutral fashion. 62.78.230.2 (talk) 22:38, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Little Feat (album)


text:
HMS Hero

Six Royal Navy ships have been called HMS Hero:

 * HMS Hero (1759), a 74-gun third rate launched in 1759, a prison ship after 1793, renamed Rochester in 1800, and broken up 1810
 * HMS Hero (1803), a 74-gun third rate launched in 1803 and wrecked on 25 December 1811, with the loss of all her crew, inside the northern Haaks about five or six miles from the Texel
 * HMS Hero (1816), a 74-gun third rate launched in September 1816, renamed Wellington in December, becoming the training ship Akbar in 1862 and broken up 1908
 * HMS Hero (1858), a screw-propelled 91-gun second rate, launched in 1858 and sold 1871. This was the vessel in which the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) sailed on his tour of Canada and the United States in 1860
 * HMS Hero (1885), a Conqueror-class monitor turret ship launched in 1885 and sunk as a target in 1908
 * HMS Hero (H99), an H-class destroyer launched in 1936 and transferred to Canada as HMCS Chaudiere in 1943, broken up 1946

title: HMS Hero


text: User:Alexander Sommer

title: User:Alexander Sommer


text:
User talk:Alexander Sommer

Please leave me a message on de:Benutzer Diskussion:Alexander Sommer.

Unspecified source for Image:5_TOP_Reverse.jpg
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title: User talk:Alexander Sommer


text:
Lesko County

Lesko County (powiat leski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It was created in 2002 out of five gminas which previously made up the western part of Bieszczady County. Its administrative seat and only town is Lesko, which lies 67 km south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The county covers an area of 834.86 km2. As of 2019 its total population is 26,532, out of which the population of Lesko is 5,424, and the rural population is 21,108.

Neighbouring counties
Lesko County is bordered by Sanok County to the west, Przemyśl County to the north and Bieszczady County to the east. It also borders Slovakia to the south.

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into five gminas (one urban-rural and four rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.

title: Lesko County


text:
Itanhaém

Itanhaém is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista. The population is 103,102 (2020 est.) in an area of 601.85 km². The elevation is 4 m.

Location
The name Itanhaém comes from the Tupi word itá-nha'ẽ, meaning the plate of rock. Some other Tupinologists (people who study the ancient language Tupi, spoken by the natives back in the 16th century) believe itanhaém means, ita = rock - and nhaém = that cries; due to the rocky coast and the waves that constantly hit it.

Itanhaém was among the greatest tour destinations in the State of São Paulo, in the late-1970s. Located in the Southeastern Brazil, the region is surrounded by the tropical Atlantic Forest that shelters many tropical animals such as colorful birds named Saíra (many subspecies) and animals such as Onças (Brazilian Jaguars), Quatis and Saruês. Itanhaém has many beaches: Downtown beach (Centro or Boca da Barra), Fishermen's Beach (Praia dos Pescadores); Dream Beach (Praia do Sonho); Indians' Well Beach (Poço dos Índios), Peruíbe Beach (Praia do Peruíbe) and Seagull Beach (Praia da Gaivota).

Other beaches are located in Peruíbe, once part of Itanhaém's territory (20 km southwards) and in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, the best preserved and biggest sanctuary of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, sheltering endemic species such as the Red-tailed amazon (Brazilian Portuguese: papagaio-de-cara-roxa). Among some of the most popular places in Peruibe, there are the falls of Pereque and Paraiso (Paradise), both forming lakes and waterholes deep enough for a dive among pitus (freshwater shrimp) and lambaris (freshwater fish). The most popular beaches are the ones of Barra do Una (this one on the border of the Municipality of Iguape), Carambore, Desertinha, Juquia, Paranapua, Brava, Guarau and Little Guarau ou Guarauzinho; all of them very close to Itanhaém.

The most important river in the region is located in Itanhaém (Itanhaém River) and its tributary streams such as the Black and the White rivers make sinuous paths into the forest towards the foot of the Serra do Mar where there are many, if not hundreds, of waterfalls. Itanhaém can be reached in 1½ hours by car from the city of São Paulo (130,000 km2), the capital of the State of São Paulo.

The municipality contains part of the Tupiniquins Ecological Station.

The city is served by Antônio Ribeiro Nogueira Jr. Airport

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Itanhaém


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meat head

Meat head
Looks like a slang dict. def. but is actually a POV rant directed to military police. Either way, delete it, please. jni 15:08, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inappropriate for Wikipedia. Speedy? --Improv 16:45, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Not a CSD — siro  χ  o
 * Delete. Dicdef, rant, lacking context (which Commonwealth?).  Rossami 21:52, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV dictdef, not encyclopedic.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:21, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Rant. -- Necrothesp 18:57, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Just dictdefs. The most famous use in the US is from Archie Bunker on "All in the Family."  Just dictdefs, though, and slang.  Geogre 00:58, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dicdef.  --Viriditas 04:01, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)