text:
Sue Bradford

Sue Bradford (born 1 July 1952 in Auckland) is a New Zealand activist, academic, and former New Zealand politician who served as a list Member of Parliament representing the Green Party from 1999 to 2009.

Bradford is an eco-socialist. In 2019, she penned an op-ed stating her reluctance to vote for the Green Party in the future. She criticised the party from the left in regards to her opinion that the party underwent a centrist direction under the leadership of James Shaw and Marama Davidson. Bradford had previously run for the leadership of the Greens on a left-wing platform, losing to Metiria Turei in 2009.

Early life
Sue Bradford graduated from the University of Auckland in History and Political Studies, and later obtained an MA in Chinese. Furthering her academic education she undertook postgraduate study at the University of Canterbury where she received a diploma in journalism, and a PhD in Public Policy at Auckland University of Technology. The title of her doctoral thesis was: A major left wing think tank in Aotearoa: An impossible dream or a call to action?, and the work was supervised by Marilyn Waring and Judy McGregor. She has also spent time on the unemployment benefit and the domestic purposes benefit.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Bradford had a high profile as an activist against various social and economic reforms pursued by the governments of the day. Accordingly, she became something of a bête noire amongst supporters of the right in New Zealand.

Bradford admitted in 2000 she has countless convictions.

Bradford was trespassed from Parliament in 1998.

Member of Parliament
As a member of the Green Party, Bradford first won election to the Parliament as a list MP in the 1999 election. She had joined the Green Party in 1990, and had contested the 1998 Auckland mayoral election as the Green candidate. Before joining the Greens, she worked actively in the NewLabour Party, and served as its vice-president from 1989 to 1990.

Bradford was the Green Party spokesperson on ACC, Agriculture, Buy Kiwi-Made, Community and Voluntary Sector, Community Economic Development, Gambling, Housing, Industrial Relations, Internal Affairs, Mental Health, National Library and Archives, Racing, Regional Development, Rural Affairs, Small Business and Social Development.

The New Zealand Herald selected Bradford as Backbencher of the Year for 2000.

Bradford has successfully pushed through three member's bills: removing the defence of "reasonable force" when corporally punishing or smacking children; letting mothers in jail keep their babies for longer; and making the adult minimum wage apply to 16- and 17-year-olds. It is considered an achievement for a backbench MP to pass a single member's bill, let alone three.

In 2009 Sue Bradford ran unsuccessfully against Metiria Turei to replace Jeanette Fitzsimons for the co-leadership of the Green Party. On 25 September 2009, Bradford announced her intention to resign as a Member of Parliament in late October, citing her disappointment at the loss and wish to take new directions. Bradford regretted not becoming a Cabinet Minister, especially a Minister of Housing and Social Development.

Child discipline bill
In 2005, a parliamentary ballot allowed the discussion of Bradford's member's bill, the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill 2005. The Bill proposed amending Section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961 to remove the legal defence of "reasonable force" for parents prosecuted for assault on their children. The Bill passed the select committee stage and its second parliamentary reading with a huge majority, and became law after it passed its third reading 113 to 8 on 16 May 2007. The Bill occasioned widespread debate largely due its depiction as an "anti-smacking" bill, and a movement led by Family First New Zealand called a citizens initiated referendum on the issue.

In one reaction to the Bill, threats were made against Bradford on the "CYFS Watch" website. After the Ministry of Social Development complained about the threats, Google shut down the website. Further death threats were made against her in August 2009.

After Parliament
Soon after Bradford's announcement of her resignation, Manukau mayor, Len Brown, suggested that she run to be a councillor on the Auckland Council. Bradford said that she would consider the idea but did not run.

She joined the Mana Party in 2011, and was a losing candidate for the Waitakere seat at the 2011 New Zealand general election.

In May 2014, Bradford resigned from the Mana Party in response to the formation of an alliance with the Internet Party.

Since October 2014 she has been coordinator at Auckland Action Against Poverty. In 2015, on completion of her PhD thesis, she spearheaded the formation of the left wing think tank Economic and Social Research Aotearoa (ESRA).

In 2017, journalist Jenny Chamberlain published a biography of Bradford: Constant Radical – The Life and Times of Sue Bradford.

title: Sue Bradford


text:
Narcís Serra

Narcís Serra i Serra (born 30 May 1943) is a Spanish economist and politician, serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1991 to 1995. Born in Barcelona in 1943, he was one of the leading figures of Catalan socialism during the Spanish transition to democracy, and he was one of the founders of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, the Catalan branch of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Early life and career
Narcís Serra hailed from a Catholic family of Catalan origin. Prior to his political involvement, and before obtaining his PhD in economics at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, he worked as a research fellow at the London School of Economics from 1970 to 1972. He later became professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (where he taught Economic Theory). He is a Honorary Fellow at the London School of Economics.

Political career
Serra served as the first democratically elected Mayor of Barcelona after Franco's dictatorship (from 1979 to 1982).

In the wake of the socialist victory in the 1982 Spanish general election, Serra was appointed Minister of Defense by Prime Minister Felipe González, and he succeeded Alfonso Guerra as Deputy Prime Minister in 1991. During his tenure as Minister of Defense, he promoted the legislative changes that resulted in the democratization of the Spanish armed forces, their effective integration in NATO structure, and the participation in international missions for the first time. He resigned as Deputy Prime Minister in 1995, but remained a Member of the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing the Constituency of Barcelona until 2004. He first gained his seat in Parliament in the 1986 Spanish general election.

Life after politics
In 2005, Serra was appointed president of Caixa Catalunya, a public savings bank. Following his resignation in 2011, he was tried for criminal mismanagement and abusive payments while he was chairman of the ailed savings bank. He was absolved of all charges in February 2019.

Serra has been the chairman of the Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals (IBEI) since its foundation in 2004. He currently teaches courses on Strategy, Military Reform and Peace Building as part of the Master studies offered by the institute.

Corporate boards

 * Telefónica Chile, Member of the Board of Directors

Non-profit organizations

 * European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member
 * European Leadership Network (ELN), Senior Member

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Narcís Serra


text:
Jeonnam Dragons

The Jeonnam Dragons are a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. The Dragons play their home matches at the Gwangyang Football Stadium, one of the first football-specific stadiums in South Korea. They have won the Korean FA Cup four times (1997, 2006, 2007 and 2021) and were the runners-up of K League in 1997. They also reached the final of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Al Ittihad.

History
The club was founded on 16 December 1994 as Chunnam Dragons, and appointed former South Korean international Jung Byung-tak as their first manager to oversee their first ever league match which took place on 25 March 1995. Chunnam started life slowly with mid-table finishes during its first few years, but recorded their best ever finish in 1997 when they finished as K League runners-up. In the same year, however, they won their first trophy after winning the 1997 Korean FA Cup, beating Chunan Ilhwa Chunma 1–0 in the final. In 1999, they finished as runners-up of the Asian Cup Winners' Cup after beating J-League giants Kashima Antlers 4–1 in the semi-finals, and losing 3–2 against Al Ittihad of Saudi Arabia in the final.

In 2006 and 2007, Jeonnam won two consecutive Korean FA Cup titles, defeating Suwon Samsung Bluewings and Pohang Steelers respectively in the finals.

On 27 December 2007, Jeonnam appointed Park Hang-seo as its new manager after former manager Huh Jung-moo was appointed to the South Korean national team.

League

 * K League 1
 * Runners-up (1): 1997

Cups

 * FA Cup
 * Winners (4): 1997, 2006, 2007, 2021
 * Runners-up (1): 2003

 * League Cup
 * Runners-up (3): 1997, 2000s, 2008

International

 * Asian Cup Winners' Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 1999

Season-by-season records

 * Key
 * Tms. = Number of teams
 * Pos. = Position in league

Sponsors
Kit supplier
 * 1995–96: Ludis
 * 1997: Umbro
 * 1998: Adidas
 * 1999: Reebok
 * 2000: Umbro
 * 2001: Adidas
 * 2002–03: Umbro
 * 2004–05: Hummel
 * 2006–09: Astore
 * 2010–11: Jako
 * 2012–15: Kelme
 * 2016-19: Joma
 * 2020–present: Puma

title: Jeonnam Dragons


text: Category:Mayors of Barcelona City Council


text: Category:Hygiene

title: Category:Hygiene


text:
User talk:Dystopos

=Archived discussion=
 * User Talk:Dystopos/Archive 1 (2004-2005)
 * User Talk:Dystopos/Archive 2 (2006)
 * User Talk:Dystopos/Archive 3 (2007)
 * User Talk:Dystopos/Archive 4 (2008-2010)
 * User Talk:Dystopos/Archive 5 (2011-2014)
 * User_talk:Dystopos/FU_archive (Nagging about Fair Use rationales)

=Current discussion=

Global account
Hi Dystopos! As a Steward I'm involved in the upcoming unification of all accounts organized by the Wikimedia Foundation (see m:Single User Login finalisation announcement). By looking at your account, I realized that you don't have a global account yet. In order to secure your name, I recommend you to create such account on your own by submitting your password on Special:MergeAccount and unifying your local accounts. If you have any problems with doing that or further questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Cheers, —DerHexer (Talk) 12:37, 18 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Okeedokee. --Dystopos (talk) 17:26, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Henry F. DeBardeleben
Hello. Just created Henry F. DeBardeleben. Could you please provide a reference to prove that he was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery (Birmingham, Alabama)? Btw, very interested in writing more articles about the Birmingham area here. Please reply on my talkpage. Thank you.Zigzig20s (talk) 09:02, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Feel free to transfer his picture to Wikimedia Commons if copyright permits. Are you interested in helping me improve the Drummond Company btw?Zigzig20s (talk) 12:52, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Would you consider moving this picture to Wikimedia Commons please? I would like to add more info about Drummond as I said; both the family and the company. Also the Stephenses and Mountain Brook.Zigzig20s (talk) 18:21, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
 * That photo was contributed and is published on Bhamwiki by permission. The creator didn't want to relinquish the rights necessary to put it on Wikimedia commons. --Dystopos (talk) 18:57, 16 July 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Nadcap

A tag has been placed on Nadcap requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article or image appears to be a clear copyright infringement. This article or image appears to be a direct copy from http://www.calumetelectronics.com/Capabilities/Certs. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

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If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Bazj (talk) 16:11, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

Wallace S. McElwain
Hello. Would you mind sharing some references (articles, books, etc.) about this person please? You have an article on the Birmingham Wiki, but no references. Thanks.Zigzig20s (talk) 15:40, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't have a long list of authoritative references, but the ones that I used are linked right there in the "References" and "External links" sections of the article. I could try to find some better ones if you're having difficulty. Bhamwiki:Wallace McElwain --Dystopos (talk) 16:35, 9 September 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/The 50,000 Challenge
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Marconi and trivia
Reverted this edit. List are not intended to include every mere mention of a subject that an editor can find (see WP:TRIVIA and MOS:POPCULT). Problem has been noted for quite a while and there is ongoing talk. Please bring up comments there. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 14:03, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * It's not trivia. It is not what is discussed in WP:Trivia. It's a relevant entry among the honors given to Marconi. It's verifiable under the guidelines even for having its own article. But, you win. Wikipedia is your kingdom. And this is why I stopped being active here. --Dystopos (talk) 14:11, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

Kay Tipton
Regarding Draft:Kay_Tipton, I have been trying to gain approval for inclusion, but meeting pushback ("heroic teachers aren't notable" - unhelpful... who decides?). Biographical data, actionable suggestions, or weighing in on notability would help. The ongoing notability debate is happening at User_talk:Kostas20142. Thank you in advance, Pacingpoet (talk) 20:14, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

John J. Eagan (ACIPCO) needs footnotes
Hey I noticed you created John J. Eagan (ACIPCO) way back in 2013. It has some sources listed, but they aren't connected to the text via footnotes. Could you take a stab at doing a bit of that for the article? It really helps. Thanks! --Krelnik (talk) 03:07, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

Category:University towns has been nominated for discussion
Category:University towns, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to see if it abides with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. Dennis Bratland (talk) 22:04, 9 November 2018 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 8
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Proposed deletion of Robert Spaulding

The article Robert Spaulding has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No sources contained in the article. No interest by Wikipedia editors apparent in fixing article."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Activist (talk) 02:27, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jesús A. Rivas

The article Jesús A. Rivas has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Snowycats (talk) 23:17, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Robert Healy (commissioner)

A tag has been placed on Robert Healy (commissioner) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a real person or group of people that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 14:14, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Jesús A. Rivas

Hello, Dystopos. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Jesús A. Rivas".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

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Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! - Rich T|C|E-Mail 12:10, 28 June 2020 (UTC)

File:Birmingham Black Barons cap logo.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Birmingham Black Barons cap logo.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:03, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Birmingham in the civil rights movement
Would it be possible for you to create a stub or start article for Birmingham that could provide an overview of people, organizations, events, or local places that were pertinent to the civil rights movement in Birmingham. Please see Template:CRM in Alabama. I've been adding existing and need to be written articles into the template. I will eventually create a separate sidebar for Birmingham. If you want to add anything to the template or want to create stubs or start articles for anything else connected to the civil rights movement in Birmingham, then that would be appreciated. Mitchumch (talk) 22:34, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm interested in seeing Wikipedia better cover the topic of Birmingham in the civil rights movement, but I'm focused on my efforts to document the area on Bhamwiki. If it helps, all of the content on Bhamwiki is published under a license compatible with Wikipedia, so if you want to borrow from the work I and others have done there, it should be fairly easy to do so. Bhamwiki:Civil Rights Movement is probably a good place to start. I expect we'll have some improvements to the Fred Shuttlesworth entry soon as my wife has been reading the Manis biography. --Dystopos (talk) 20:39, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

John D. Kemp
John's still at the Viscardi Center. The current chief at Lakeshore, Jeff Underwood, is remaining in place until November 1st.

Nomination of Megadeath for deletion
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WP:ANI notice
There is currently a discussion at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Thank you.

I am not reporting you, I just have to put this here because I mentioned your username. Desertambition (talk) 19:02, 25 March 2022 (UTC)

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 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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Thanks
... for your article about Jean Galatoire on Bham wiki. Much better than the Wikipedia article. I just uploaded this image of him to Commons from the New Orleans restaurant's Facebook page. Perhaps you can use this image at Bham wiki? Andrew Dalby 15:11, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Nice photo, and nice words. Thanks! --Dystopos (talk) 19:37, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dystopos


text:
User talk:Nathan F

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Nathan F


text:
Bachelor No. 2 or, the Last Remains of the Dodo

Bachelor No. 2 or, the Last Remains of the Dodo is the third album by the American singer-songwriter Aimee Mann, released on May 2, 2000. Some songs were previously released on the Magnolia soundtrack (1999), which Mann wrote in the same period.

Mann's record label, Geffen Records, refused to release Bachelor No. 2, feeling it contained no hit singles. In response, Mann set up her own label, SuperEgo, and released it herself. It sold 270,000 copies, a large number for an independent artist, and received acclaim. The success established Mann as a career artist who could work outside of the major label system.

Background
Aimee Mann recorded her first two solo albums, Whatever (1993) and I'm With Stupid (1995), under contract to Imago Records. When Imago encountered financial problems, they sold the albums to Geffen Records. According to Pitchfork, Mann's first two albums showed that she was "a witty, self-possessed songwriter", but they did not meet sales expectations, with sales "in the low six figures". Mann began to be seen as someone whose career was in decline. She received wider recognition after she contributed songs to the soundtrack for the 1999 film Magnolia, including some songs later included on Bachelor No. 2.

Writing
For Bachelor No. 2, Mann collaborated again with the producer and multi-instrumentalist Jon Brion. She took more control over the production of Bachelor No. 2 than she had for her previous albums, and said in 2020: "This was the only record that I really took responsibility for all the music: all the parts that were played, the way everything sounded." The dodo of the album title reflected Mann's sense that singer-songwriters were a "dying breed" in 2000.

Mann wrote Bachelor No. 2 and the Magnolia soundtrack in the same period. Her frustration with Geffen inspired many of the songs. She described playing them to Geffen staff, who would complain that they did not sound like commercial singles. The criticism made her feel that she was failing, and she began to develop writer's block. One executive suggested Mann work with Diane Warren, who had written hit singles for major acts. Mann wrote "Nothing is Good Enough" in response to the criticism, but felt the sentiment was common and could also apply to many relationships.

"The Fall of the World's Own Optimist" was co-written with Elvis Costello. According to Mann, "I sent him a tape of a song that I couldn't finish and he added a new bit. Basically I had a problem with a song and he fixed it — it was as simple as that." Mann and Costello had previously collaborated on "The Other End Of the Telescope", released on the 1988 album Everything's Different Now by Mann's previous band 'Til Tuesday.

Release
Geffen refused to release Bachelor No. 2, feeling it had no commercial potential. In response, Mann sold homemade EPs of her music on tour, a move she described as a "DIY fuck-you-record-company-I'm-selling-it-myself" gesture. Geffen allowed Mann to leave her record contact. She said later: "I could not have gotten out of there fast enough."

In 1998, the Sony Music employee Gail Marowitz predicted that Mann would make more money selling 70,000 albums independently than by selling 300,000 on a major label. In 1999, Mann and her manager, Michael Hausman, formed their own label, SuperEgo Records. With Mann's husband, the songwriter Michael Penn, they also established United Musicians, a collective working outside the major label system. Using the money earned through royalties from Magnolia, Mann bought the Bachelor No. 2 masters from Geffen.

Mann sold 25,000 copies of Bachelor No. 2 via mail order from her website, a large amount for an independent artist. After she secured a distribution deal, Bachelor No. 2 sold more than 270,000 copies, outperforming I'm With Stupid. Pitchfork described this as a "decisive victory". The success established Mann as a career artist who could work outside of the major label system. As of May 2008, Bachelor No. 2 had sold more than 230,000 copies in the US.

In 2020, Mann released an expanded 20th-anniversary reissue of Bachelor No. 2 for Record Store Day. It features an alternative track list and five bonus tracks, including songs included on the Magnolia soundtrack. Mann said she remained pleased with the album and did not regret leaving Geffen.

Reception
On the review aggregator website Metacritic, Bachelor No. 2 has a score of 89 out of 100 based on 13 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". According to Metacritic, it is the 28th best-reviewed album and the ninth best-reviewed indie/alternative album of the decade. Slant Magazine named it the 100th-best album of the decade.

Writing for the New Yorker in 2000, Nick Hornby wrote that Bachelor No. 2 was Mann's strongest work to date, praising her "bleak and bracing cynicism about our ability to connect with fellow humans" and her "sinuous, Burt Bacharach-like melodies".

Musicians

 * Aimee Mann – vocals (1-13), backing vocals (1-4,7—9,11), bass (1—8,10—13), acoustic guitar (1,3,6,8,10—13), Nashville guitar (1), guitar (7), tambourine (7,11), hi-hat (11)
 * Jon Brion – electric guitar (4,6), keyboards (4), backing vocals (6), drums (6)
 * Mark Flannagan – trumpet (8)
 * Juliana Hatfield – backing vocals (6)
 * Michael Hausman – tambourine (3), drum programming (13)
 * Buddy Judge – backing vocals (1-5,7,8,12,13), drum programming (1,3,8), Wurlitzer (8), drum loops (8)
 * Hank Linderman - drum programming (11)
 * Michael Lockwood – electric guitar (1,3,4,7-9,12,13), guitar (5,6,11), percussion (5), backing vocals (9), 12-string acoustic guitar (9), Cheesy Keyboards (13)
 * Dan MacCarroll - drums (3,9,11)
 * Ric Menck – drums (2,8)
 * Brendan O'Brien – bass (9), slide guitar (9)
 * Michael Panes - Violin (10)
 * Michael Penn – backing vocals (1,5,9,11), slide guitar (3), feedback guitar (5), electric guitar (9), guitar (13)
 * Grant Lee Phillips – backing vocals (1,5)
 * John Sands – drums (1,4,5,7,12)
 * Clayton Scoble – electric guitar (4)
 * Benmont Tench – Chamberlin (3), Piano (8)
 * Jennifer Trynin – electric guitar (7)
 * Patrick Warren – keyboards (1,5,7,11,12), piano (3,9), Chamberlin (3,8,10,13), guitar (6), accordion (10), celeste (13)

Production

 * Producers: Aimee Mann, Jon Brion, Mike Denneen, Buddy Judge, Brendan O'Brien
 * Executive producer: Michael Hausman
 * Engineers: Mike Denneen, Nick DiDia, Ryan Freeland, S. "Husky" Höskulds, Dustin Jones, Buddy Judge, Hank Linderman, Brian Scheuble
 * Assistant engineers: Elijah Bradford, Carlos Castro, Connie Hill, Dustin Jones
 * Mixing: David Boucher, Bob Clearmountain, Ryan Freeland
 * Mastering: Shawn R. Britton
 * Extensive Help with Production: Buddy Judge
 * Assistants: David Boucher, Ryan Freeland
 * Computers: Buddy Judge
 * Drum engineering: Hank Linderman
 * Vocal engineer: S. "Husky" Hoskulds
 * Art direction: Aimee Mann, Gail Marowitz
 * Design: Aimee Mann, Gail Marowitz


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Ant colony

An ant colony is a population of ants, typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females. In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests.

Names
The term "ant colony" refers to a population of workers, reproductive individuals, and brood that live together, cooperate, and treat one another non-aggressively. Often this comprises the genetically related progeny from a single queen, although this is not universal across ants. The name "ant farm" is commonly given to ant nests that are kept in formicaria, isolated from their natural habitat. These formicaria are formed so scientists can study by rearing or temporarily maintaining them. Another name is "formicary", which derives from the Medieval Latin word formīcārium. The word also derives from formica. "Ant nests" are the physical spaces in which the ants live. These can be underground, in trees, under rocks, or even inside a single acorn. The name "anthill" (or "ant hill") applies to aboveground nests where the workers pile sand or soil outside the entrance, forming a large mound.

Colony size
Colony size (the number of individuals that make up the colony) is very important to ants: it can affect how they forage, how they defend their nests, how they mate, and even their physical appearances. Body size is often seen as the most important factor in shaping the natural history of non-colonial organisms; similarly, colony size is key in influencing how colonial organisms are collectively organized. Colonies have a significant range of sizes: some are just several ants living in a twig, while others are super-colonies with many millions of workers. Within a single ant colony, seasonal variation may be huge. For example, in the ant Dolichoderus mariae, one colony can shift from around 300 workers in the summer to over 2,000 workers per queen in the winter. Genetics and environmental factors can cause the variation among different colonies of a single species to be even bigger. Different ant species, even those in the same genus, may have enormous colony size disparities: Formica yessensis has colony sizes that are reported to be 306 million workers while Formica fusca colonies sometimes comprise only 500 workers.

Supercolonies
A supercolony occurs when many ant colonies over a large area unite. They still continue to recognize genetic differences in order to mate, but the different colonies within the super colony avoid aggression. Until 2000, the largest known ant supercolony was on the Ishikari coast of Hokkaidō, Japan. The colony was estimated to contain 306 million worker ants and one million queen ants living in 45,000 nests interconnected by underground passages over an area of 2.7 km². In 2000, an enormous supercolony of Argentine ants was found in Southern Europe (report published in 2002). Of 33 ant populations tested along the 6004 km stretch along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts in Southern Europe, 30 belonged to one supercolony with estimated millions of nests and billions of workers, interspersed with three populations of another supercolony. The researchers claim that this case of unicoloniality cannot be explained by loss of their genetic diversity due to the genetic bottleneck of the imported ants. In 2009, it was demonstrated that the largest Japanese, Californian and European Argentine ant supercolonies were in fact part of a single global "megacolony". This intercontinental megacolony represents the most populous recorded animal society on earth, other than humans.

Another supercolony, measuring approximately 100 km wide, was found beneath Melbourne, Australia in 2004.

Organizational terminology
The following terminology is commonly used among myrmecologists to describe the behaviors demonstrated by ants when founding and organizing colonies:

 * Monogyny: Establishment of an ant colony under a single egg-laying queen.
 * Polygyny: Establishment of an ant colony under multiple egg-laying queens.
 * Oligogyny: Establishment of a polygynous colony where the multiple egg-laying queens remain far apart from one another in the nest.
 * Haplometrosis: Establishment of a colony by a single queen.
 * Pleometrosis: Establishment of a colony by multiple queens.
 * Monodomy: Establishment of a colony at a single nest site.
 * Polydomy: Establishment of a colony across multiple nest sites.

Colony structure
Ant colonies have a complex social structure. Ants’ jobs are determined and can be changed by age. As ants grow older their jobs move them farther from the queen, or center of the colony. Younger ants work within the nest protecting the queen and young. Sometimes, a queen is not present and is replaced by egg-laying workers. These worker ants can only lay haploid eggs producing sterile offspring. Despite the title of queen, she doesn't delegate the tasks to the worker ants; however, the ants choose their tasks based on individual preference. Ants as a colony also work as a collective "super mind". Ants can compare areas and solve complex problems by using information gained by each member of the colony to find the best nesting site or to find food. Some social-parasitic species of ants, known as the slave-making ant, raid and steal larvae from neighboring colonies.

Excavation
Ant hill art is a growing collecting hobby. It involves pouring molten metal (typically non-toxic zinc or aluminum), plaster or cement down an ant colony mound acting as a mold and upon hardening, one excavates the resulting structure. In some cases, this involves a great deal of digging. The casts are often used for research and education purposes but many are simply given or sold to natural history museums or sold as folk art or as souvenirs. Usually, the hills are chosen after the ants have abandoned so as to not kill any ants; however in the Southeast United States, pouring into an active colony of invasive fire ants is a novel way to eliminate them.

Ant-beds
An ant-bed, in its simplest form, is a pile of soil, sand, pine needles, manure, urine, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species, they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes and may create nest chambers within the mound.

title: Ant colony


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User talk:MarkPNeyer

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

The Call of Ktulu
A template has been added to the article The Call of Ktulu, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 03:18, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Disregard that one. Sorry for the confusion. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 04:11, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkPNeyer


text:
User:Curiousdave

Full Name: David Friedland Location: Santa Barbara, CA Employment: Software development manager, Texas Instruments

title: User:Curiousdave


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Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC (전북 현대 모터스) is a South Korean professional football club based in Jeonju, Jeonbuk Province that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. Jeonbuk have won the K League a record nine times, including five consecutive titles between 2017 and 2021, and the Korean FA Cup five times. Internationally, the club have won the AFC Champions League twice, first in 2006, becoming the first club from East Asia to win the tournament since it was rebranded in 2003. Jeonbuk have also made two appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup, most recently in the 2016 edition. The club's home ground is the Jeonju World Cup Stadium.

History
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors' predecessor was founded in January 1993 under the name Wansan Pumas. Oh Hyung-keun was the founder of the team, the first to be named after its home location in K League history. However, they failed to raise enough funds and the club went bankrupt before they could take their place in the K League. Many people wanted to keep the club and Bobae Ltd., a local alcohol producer, offered financial support to the club. In 1994, they joined the K League after renaming as Chonbuk Buffalo, but ran into financial problems and were dissolved after the final match of the 1994 season. In 1994, South Korea was in the campaign to host the 2002 FIFA World Cup, so Hyundai Motors took over the Buffaloes' players and formed a new club called Chonbuk Dinos on 12 December 1994. The K League's official policy is that Chonbuk Buffalo and Chonbuk Dinos (later renaming as Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors) are two different clubs.

Since 1994, Jeonbuk had not seriously challenged for the K League title, often languishing in mid-table. After Choi Kang-hee was appointed manager in July 2005, Jeonbuk won the Korean FA Cup in December of that year. In 2006, Jeonbuk finished a disappointing eleventh in the K League, however, they won their first AFC Champions League title. En route to the final, they defeated the Japanese champions, Gamba Osaka, and China's Shanghai Shenhua, as well as Ulsan Horang-i, the South Korean champions, in the semi-finals. They then triumphed 3–2 on aggregate over Al-Karamah, the champions of Syria, in the final.

As AFC Champions League winners, Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors qualified for the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup. They lost their first game 1–0 to América in the quarter-finals on 10 December, however, they defeated Auckland City 3–0 on 14 December and finished fifth in the tournament. In 2009, Jeonbuk became the Korean champions for the first time after beating Seongnam Ilhwa 3–1 on aggregate in the K League Championship. They repeated the feat in 2011 and won their second domestic title after defeating Ulsan Hyundai 4–2 in the final. The same year, they also reached the AFC Champions League final, where they lost to Al-Sadd after a penalty shoot-out.

On 26 November 2016, Jeonbuk won their second AFC Champions League title after defeating Al-Ain 3–2 on aggregate.

Current squad

 * As of 29 February 2024

Squad number 12 is reserved for the team's supporters, the Mad Green Boys.

Domestic

 * K League 1

 * Winners (9): 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
 * Runners-up (3): 2012, 2016, 2022

 * Korean FA Cup
 * Winners (5): 2000, 2003, 2005, 2020, 2022
 * Runners-up (3): 1999, 2013, 2023

 * Korean League Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2010

 * Korean Super Cup
 * Winners (1): 2004
 * Runners-up (2): 2001, 2006

 * Korean President's Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 1999 (reserve team)

International

 * AFC Champions League
 * Winners (2): 2006, 2016
 * Runners-up (1): 2011

 * Asian Cup Winners' Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2002

Coaching staff

 * Manager: 🇰🇷 Kim Do-heon
 * First-team coaches: 🇰🇷 Cho Sung-hwan, 🇰🇷 Park Won-jae, 🇰🇷 Shin Yong-ju
 * Goalkeeper coach: 🇰🇷 Choi Eun-sung

Source: Official website

Support staff

 * Physiotherapist: 🇧🇷 Gilvan Oliveira
 * Medical department: 🇰🇷 Kim Jae-oh, 🇰🇷 Kim Byeong-seon, 🇰🇷 Lee Gyu-yeol
 * Interpreters: 🇰🇷 Kim Min-su, 🇰🇷 Mun Keon-ho, 🇰🇷 Choe Dong-eun
 * Kit manager: 🇰🇷 Lee Min-ho
 * Analysts: 🇰🇷 Lee Sun-gu, 🇰🇷 Kim Ki-hyun

Source: Official website

AFC Champions League record
All results list Jeonbuk's goal tally first.

title: Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors


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Talk:USS Diablo (SS-479)

Interestingly, Fishbase seems not to have a "diablo" that is a batfish, the closest is the shortnose batfish Ogcocephalus nasutus which is called Pez diablo ñato in Cuba. I wonder what kind of fish the namers were thinking of. (FishBase is comprehensive but not complete, so old usage of common name may just be missing.) Stan 04:04, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Beats the devil outta me. While you're fishbasing, can you find anything called a "pomodon"? The DANFS article just says "a species of fish."  Well, duuuh. --the Epopt 05:29, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * "Pomodon" seems not to be either a common or a genus name, and OED doesn't have it either, nor several possible alternate spellings I tried. Is it possible that the name is an inside joke, like a play on somebody's name? The vague "species of fish" is unlike the other entries, which usually mention a family or some other distinguishing characteristic. Stan 06:17, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, let's fall back on our Greek roots: "-odon" means "tooth," and "pomo-" means "post-modern," so obviously that submarine is named for biting deconstructionist criticism. QED. --the Epopt 16:48, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 19:48, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Diablo (SS-479)


text: User talk:24.124.40.25

title: User talk:24.124.40.25


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Talk:Hyposensibilization

Should this be Hyposensitization??--ZayZayEM 04:05, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hyposensibilization


text:
Adna Chaffee

Adna Romanza Chaffee (April 14, 1842 – November 1, 1914) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. Chaffee took part in the American Civil War and Indian Wars, played a key role in the Spanish–American War, and fought in the Boxer Rebellion in China. He was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1904 to 1906, overseeing far-reaching transformation of organization and doctrine in the army.

Early life and Civil War
Chaffee was born in Orwell, Ohio. When the American Civil War broke out in July 1861, Chaffee joined the U.S. 6th Cavalry Regiment. In 1862, Chaffee was promoted to sergeant and took part in the Peninsular Campaign and the Battle of Antietam. In September of that year he was made the first sergeant of Company K. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in May 1863. His 6th Cavalry, on detached service from General John Buford's 1st Union Cavalry Division, though outnumbered, attacked a Confederate Cavalry regiment at Fairfield, Pennsylvania, just outside Gettysburg on July 3, 1863 (source, Wittenberg, Eric: Gettysburg: Forgotten Cavalry Actions). In the ensuing action, he was wounded and briefly held a prisoner of the Confederates. He served with the 6th Cavalry for the remainder of the war, being twice wounded. In February 1865, he was promoted to first lieutenant. For his "gallant and meritorious" actions in the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House he was brevetted captain.

After the war, Chaffee became a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Indian Wars
Chaffee decided to remain with the army after the war. He was posted to the western frontier, and was promoted to captain of Regulars in October 1867. For the next thirty years he served in the Indian Wars, fighting the Central Plains and Southwestern tribes. In 1868, he was brevetted major for his actions at Paint Creek, Texas. In the following years, he engaged the Native Americans many times, most notably at Red River, Texas, in 1874, and Big Dry Wash, Arizona Territory, in 1882, for which he was brevetted lieutenant colonel.

In July 1888, he was promoted to major and transferred to the 9th Cavalry. From 1894 to 1896, he was an instructor of tactics at the Army's Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth. In June 1897 he was promoted to colonel and transferred to the 3rd Cavalry, where he served as commandant of the Cavalry School at Fort Riley until 1898.

Spanish–American War
With the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898, Chaffee was assigned a brigade and was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers in May of that year, and in July after the victory at El Caney, to major general of volunteers. From late 1898 to May 1900, he served as the chief of staff to the military governor of Cuba, General Leonard Wood, being promoted to colonel of regulars in May 1899. He was a member of Society of the Army of Santiago, a military society for officers who had served in Cuba.

Boxer Rebellion
In June 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out in China. Colonel Chaffee was sent to China in July as the commander of the U.S. Army's China Relief Expedition. The Expedition was a part of the international force sent to rescue Western and Japanese citizens and put down the rebellion. Chaffee participated in the Gaselee Expedition and subsequently the Battle of Peking, in which the legations were relieved. In 1900–1901 American forces were included in the Allied occupation of Peking (Beijing). As American commander Chaffee began public health, relief, and police operations in cooperation with Chinese officials.

According to Chaffee, "[I]t is safe to say that where one real Boxer has been killed, fifty harmless coolies or laborers, including not a few women and children, have been slain."

Chaffee concluded that Chinese respected only the superior power. Reassigned to the Philippines he applied the lessons there, combining benevolence and public health measures with force and cooperation with local officials.

Chaffee was one of the founders of the Military Order of the Dragon, a military society for officers who had served in China during the Boxer Rebellion. He served as the society's president from its founding in 1900 until his death.

Philippines and retirement
In February 1901, Chaffee was promoted to major general in the Regular Army. From July of that year until October 1902, he served as commander of American forces in the Philippines, following the dissolution of the American military government under General Arthur MacArthur Jr. and the institution of civilian rule under governor-general William Howard Taft. Chaffee commanded U.S. troops during the final months of the primary phase of the Philippine–American War. In December 1901, he assigned General Jacob H. Smith to deal with anti-American resistance in the province of Samar, resulting in an ill-fated campaign that led to the deaths of up to 2,000 Filipino civilians. Chaffee became a member of the Military Order of the Carabao for Philippine veterans, and also served as Paramount Carabao for a time.

In October 1902, Chaffee became commander of the Department of the East, a position he held until October 1903. In January 1904, he was promoted to lieutenant general and, from January 9, 1904, until January 14, 1906, served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army. At his own request, Chaffee was retired on February 1, 1906.

General Chaffee was invested with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor by the president of France.

In his retirement, he moved to Los Angeles, where he was appointed president of the Board of Public Works for the city of Los Angeles.

Family
Chaffee was married twice; in September 1867 he married Kate Haynie Reynolds, a young widow who died two and a half years later.

In 1875, he married Annie Frances Rockwell. Their son Adna R. Chaffee Jr. also became a general and was one of the fathers of the U.S. Army's armored forces, having a light tank, the M24 Chaffee, named in his honor.

After his death, Chaffee was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery on November 9, 1914, after a funeral service at St. John's Episcopal Church. After her death six and a half years later, his second wife Annie was interred beside him.

Awards

 * Civil War Campaign Medal
 * Indian Campaign Medal
 * Spanish Campaign Medal
 * China Campaign Medal
 * Philippine Campaign Medal

Tributes
A historical marker documenting Chaffee's birthplace stands in Orwell, Ohio. The city of Chaffee, Missouri, was named in his honor when founded in 1905.

title: Adna Chaffee