text:
Talk:Rover Company

rover
Move two first lines into new article Belgian man 13:33, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Any additional info on the source or origin of that "OVER" logo at the bottom of the article? Otherwise, it makes it seem like a biased article. --Logariasmo 03:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Here is the logo, in case we want to keep it for posterity. I have removed it from the article. If someone wants to re-insert the logo, please give a good reason for doing so, such as maybe: "This modified company logo appeared in ... after ..."

--Logariasmo 03:43, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

the 'over' badge was posted on www.b3ta.com, a graphics-editing site [British] after the first news. No link, but that's what it is - a joke, and not a serious badge.

Can somebody date the last use of the licenced 215 at Rover? (I believe it was replaced by a BMW around 1990.) Am I right it was bought from GM 1962? And is it still in use at Morgan? Trekphiler 07:31, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange?
Was "Rover" actally ever listed? I take it that if it was it was previous to the firm becoming part of British Leyland? Otherwise it would be a group listing and so shouldnt be on this page. Ian3055 15:45, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

clarification needed
quote:(Similarly, in Australia, the Honda Quint and Integra were badged as the Rover Quintet and 416i.) what is a honda quint? Im from Australia and never heard of it, I was pretty sure the honda named accord and the rover quintet were the same but need to check this out. (to confirm the honda quint never exsisted in australia its not listed at http://www.redbook.com.au either)

Freewheel
Worth mentioning? Prewar models had a freewheel device operated by a knob on the dash board. 81.156.82.34 10:35, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Gas Turbines
Rover continued to develop the gas turbine for automotives purposes until the seventies. One of its uses was in the ground starting trolley for Avro Vulcan MkII air craft. Another was to power the APT-E 81.156.82.34 10:44, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rover logo.jpg
Image:Rover logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Rover logo new.jpg
Image:Rover logo new.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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rover
there is nothing wrong with this document. it is great.

Timeline
I think that the timeline at the bottom of the page should be modified somewhat. The Rover 400 & 45 should be moved to "Mid-size car" and the 75 should be moved in-between "Large Family" and "Executive car" or at least down to "Exectutive car".

Can this even be done? Dominar_Rygel_XVI (talk) 10:53, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rover logo new.jpg
Image:Rover logo new.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 15:53, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Parent Company
Ford had acquired an option of first refusal to buy the Rover brand as a result of its purchase of Land Rover from BMW in 2000.

In March 2008, Tata finalised a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire their British Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) business, which also includes the Rover, Daimler and Lanchester brand names. The purchase was completed on 2nd June 2008

If that's the case, it makes Tata the parent company of the now defunct Rover. It is true Tata owns the brand name and hence the rights to the company.

Hence making Tata the parent company.

--User:prasanaik 19:58, 29th July 2008 (UTC)

 * This article is about the company named Rover Company Limited which was founded in 1904, and which was acquired by Leyland Motor Corporation (its first parent) in 1967, and absorbed along with them into British Leyland in 1968. Rover Company retained its separate identity within British Leyland (its second parent) through its transition to BL plc, but when BL changed its name to Rover Group in 1986, the old Rover Company became defunct, ceasing to be a separate legal entity, and so is defined in this article as a company which became defunct in 1986.  The Rover brand however, as opposed to the by now defunct Rover Company, was used as the main car brand of Rover Group, and continued to be used by them after they were privatised in 1988 (by being sold to British Aerospace), and after they were sold again in 1994 to BMW.  In 2000 BMW retained ownership of the brand, although they sold much of the Rover Group company to Phoenix Venture Holdings.  Phoenix, however, used the Rover brand, under licence from BMW, for some of the cars they produced until their demise in 2005.  SAIC bought the rights to build the "Rover" cars in 2005, but did not get the right to use the brand, which BMW subsequently sold to the Ford Motor Company to go with the Land Rover brand (and company) which they already owned.  When Tata Motors bought Jaguar Land Rover from Ford in 2008, they also bought the Rover brand , but as you can see, by then, it was a long way removed from the Rover Company (the subject of this article) which had ceased to exist in 1986.  Tata certainly own the brand, but they are no more parents of the Rover Company which went defunct in 1986 than they are of the numerous other companies which have owned or used the brand since then. -- de Facto (talk). 22:56, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any further comment, I'll assume that the 'dispute' is resolved and remove the template. -- de Facto (talk). 13:55, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Rover Company
The article is about Rover Company, now it has marques etc in infobox, should the page renamed? --— Typ932 T  21:00, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Better not, as various pages, such as Rover (cars), Rover brand), Rover Company wikilink to this page. Due to the complexity of industrial history of this company, and the fact that also Rover Company Ltd. ceased to exist in 1986 but continued to be around as a Rover Company as part of Rover Group and later MG Rover, the umbrella term of Rover Company with details about marque, cars and corporate history while making clear in the text how that meaning of "company" changed over time, would be the best way to go. Leave it. Furthermore, the disambiguation page for Rover is already very long, and a further splitting of Rover Co., Rover Cars, Rover marque as additional entries to the already disparate BLMC, BL, Austin Rover, RG, MGR etc would make a reader not familiar with the history of "Rover" essentially unable to grasp the entire context.

The best way to go ahead is to have this as a hub focused on the Rover Company synonymous with its marque until 1986, and then describe the continuation of Rover Company assets within Rover Group and finally MG Rover, and now, as a final point, a dormant marque of Tata. This would be similar to the procedures used on Wikipedia for Jaguar, Bentley, Rolls-Royce, MG and Land Rover which have seen similar disruptions in continuity, though not on the scale and complexity as Rover did.

Rover's history must probably be one of the most complex in automotive history. Let's make this a reflected in an intelligible wiki article. -SocialScienceLondon —Preceding unsigned comment added by SocialScienceLondon (talk • contribs) 01:43, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Rover Group logo.jpg
The image File:Rover Group logo.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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Merge Rover (motorcycles) into this article
Rover Company started out making the Rover Safety Bicycle and then moved on into motorcycles and cars. The Rover in the article Rover (motorcycles) is the same Rover as the one in this article. There should not be a separate article about the same company. I propose that the motorcycle article be merged into this one. No signature (talk) 19:52, 16 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I have moved the information from "Rover (motorcycles)" into a section of this article. I have kept "Rover (motorcycles)" as a separate article so that any significant additions to the topic can be added there for development as a branch article.  If needs be, the section in this article may be summarized more concisely than it is now. No signature (talk) 10:05, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Leyland Cars
In the post-war era of mergers (i.e. not the pre-war Leyland cars), was it ever true to say that Rover was ever part of "Leyland Cars" (rather than "British Leyland" or "BLMC")? Is this diff correct?

 * Rover was initially purchased by Leyland, which owned Triumph at the time. Leyland then merged with British Motor Holdings (itself a merger between British Motor Cars and Jaguar Cars) to form British Leyland.

 * Interstingly enough, the only BMC marque to make it to the end was MG. Wolseley and Riley were killed off early and then Morris and Austin were killed off in the '80s.  Triumph was also discontinued in the '80s; BMW still owns the Triumph automotive marque. Jaguar somehow gained its freedom from BL for a few years before being bought by Ford.  No signature (talk) 21:21, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

 * In the 1970s British Leyland made not only cars, but trucks, vans, tractors, fork-lifts, buses, earth moving and road-making equipment, fridges, etc. Leyland Cars was the car making division. -- de Facto (talk). 23:01, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Rover sponsored a short film The Burning of the Boyd
We would like to purchase this film can you help with an outlet selling this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.93.40 (talk) 08:55, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Missing information
There were two vehicles, one not metioned and one very little information about that was a turning point for Rover. First being the introduction of the Range Rover in 1969 which was a drastic change in design for Land Rover at the time. Second was little mention about the SD1 or 3500 and how it boosted sales and changed the image of Rover cars and was the last British designed and British built Rover.There is also no mention of Spencer King who played a huge role in Rover's long history —Preceding unsigned comment added by YankeeRover (talk • contribs) 05:00, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

late 1920s reorganization
The Wilks brothers deserve all the credit they have always received but they were found for the job by a relative, Frank Searle, who was very much more than the manager of a bus company (as suggested elsewhere).

There is mention of Weymann being a coach-builder for Rover. Certainly not so but as Rover were Weymann champions, early-adopters and (very) late droppers, it might be that the subsidiary, Midland Light Car Bodies, was a licensee of Weymann. Eddaido (talk) 21:08, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

CAR
HI I HAVEA ROVER25CAR AND THE FOD IS NO GOOD CAN YOU TELL ME WEAR TO GET A NEW ONE — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.206.177.121 (talk) 17:05, 15 March 2014 (UTC)

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The scope of this article
The Rover Company (the subject of this article) vanished into Leyland Motors/British Leyland in 1966/67, so this article should not be concerned with anything that happened after that date. The continuity of the Rover brand is covered in the Rover (marque) article and the history of the various successor companies that used that brand should be covered in the articles dedicated to those companies (such as British Leyland, Rover Group, MG Rover, Land Rover, Jaguar Land Rover. For that reason I have tried to remove post-1967 information from this article. -- DeFacto (talk). 21:23, 13 December 2017 (UTC)

Horsepower
There have been different definitions of horsepower over time, measuring system, use, etc. Are you sure you are converting the right units? Are you trying to convert taxable horsepower (almost meaningless) into an actual measurement? Just a thought. Sammy D III (talk) 17:04, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * From reading the article again I see "hp" mentioned twice, nothing about taxable horsepower and this sounds like the power output of the engine. This was a motorcycle introduced in 1902 when internal combustion engines were not very efficient at producing power. The Rover 12 motorcar further down the page talks about the Rover 12 which is probably the name of the car and probably the actual horsepower. Did the British tax vehicles on fiscal power? If it is indeed horsepower then according to the manual of style it needs to include the power in watts as well for the benefit of English speakers who use the modern SI.Avi8tor (talk) 17:28, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I personally didn't see what horsepower measurement is used, only the word. I would like you to check this out. I think (but am not sure) that you may be trying to convert this Olde English gibberish into a scientific measurement. Sammy D III (talk) 18:17, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the link, I'll see what I can figure out. If it's the Taxable horsepower then it should state that fact. Avi8tor (talk) 17:21, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * ( interpolation Fiscal is an adjective meaning the subject relates to the public revenue, that is to say tax. Fiscal horsepower calculated by the same formula approved by the RAC was also used in the early 20th century by most if not all US states for tax purposes. Whenever they stopped doing that will depend on the state. Eddaido (talk) 22:11, 13 December 2020 (UTC))
 * Damn, I forgot to ping you. Sorry. Sammy D III (talk) 22:37, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * From research, this was a one cylinder 496 cc engine with a bore of 85 mm, the simple formula for fiscal HP is engine displacement in cubic inches divided by 0.625π, then divided again by the stroke in inches. So 30,26777 cuin x0,625π =3,141 /stroke 3,35 = ~17 HP (fiscal) does not sound correct. if I use the other formula it comes to one. Neither is near 3,5. So I'm assuming it's the actual power. Everyone refers to the engines as 2,5 or 3,5 HP https://cybermotorcycle.com/euro/brands/rover.htm.Avi8tor (talk) 18:05, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm only talking about the unit. That is impressive math, but it isn't the same equation as RAC horsepower. I don't know what (fiscal) is but it doesn't seem to be the same as "Taxable".
 * I can't believe this. I count on my fingers and care nothing about English cars and I think I have found two math errors in one section. Is D2 multiplied by 2/5 or divided by 2.5? Somebody got a "/" and a "." confused? And right below that "This is equal...inches" is false, correct? (EDIT: I changed them).
 * Chevy small-blocks were available as 302cid (4.0" bore x 3.0" stroke), 327cid (4.0 x 3.25), and 350cid (4.0 x 3.48) in ratings from 185 to 370 SAE gross horsepower at 4,000 to 6,000rpm, have compression ratios of 8.0 to 11.0:1, and had 2, 4, or 8 barrels of carburetor (plus crude FI). All, with any rating in any application with any options in any year, had 51 (EDIT: "AMA") taxable horsepower. From stripper pickup truck to high-dollar Corvette.
 * It's a tiny subjective thing but someone at project autos may care if you ask. You like math, I like machines, nice talking. Sammy D III (talk) 22:11, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Cars and motorcycles of this era were generally categorised by their 'RAC horsepower', an index value calculated using a formula from the RAC based on the engine bore diameter in inches and number of cylinders. Without any evidence that the hp figure given for this motorcycle is based on engine power (rather than the unrelated RAC hp formula value) then it does not make sense to convert it into a power unit. BTW, the formula is DxDxNx0.4, where D=bore diameter in inches and N=number of cylinders. -- DeFacto (talk). 09:23, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: I think that is a current formula, not the 1910 one (divided by 2.5?). That may be useful in Horsepower and Tax horsepower, neither have caught the difference. Sammy D III (talk) 11:24, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , they are all exactly the same formula: (D x D x n) / 2.5 = D x D x n x 0.4. And there is no "current formula", this method of taxation was abandoned in the UK in the 1940s. -- DeFacto (talk). 11:44, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * (that's a new ping-trick) Gotcha, I just don't know the arithmetic. 1940s, huh? I looked up those small-block numbers because it was a common joke in the 1970s when we still used them here (not any more). Thanks. Sammy D III (talk) 12:23, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

If you think this is fiscal horsepower then this needs to be stated in the article, otherwise everyone is being misled. The formula you give would equal 4,5 (4,489) fiscal horsepower. Real power is a higher value, so where does the 3,4 HP come from? Unless it's the power of the engine and not the fiscal horsepower. Avi8tor (talk) 14:11, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Can you source what measurement you are converting? Is it a formula (and thereby useless) or does it measure output, and if so, how? Two of us think it might be and one knows that it is some formula. You are trying to convert an unknown into an exact measurement without a ref. You seem to have OR math, fine here but not there. Sammy D III (talk) 14:52, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , I don't know whether it is actual horsepower or the calculated tax index, so wouldn't feel comfortable changing the article. The output from the formula relies on us knowing what the engine bore is to input into it. -- DeFacto (talk). 16:07, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Too much missing information to figure it out, I found the bore and stroke of the 2.5 HP single cylinder but not this one. Best to leave it until we have more information.Avi8tor (talk) 16:17, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , I hope I'm not rude, but does knowing the exact stroke change anything? No formula is a measurement, is it? This RAC is an easy one, only two dimensions. The horsepower is set from the first piece of blank paper, you don't even need to build the engine.
 * If it is RAC horsepower then would you want to just link it instead of converting it? EDIT: Maybe a footnote? Possible RAC horsepower is used without explanation in other places, too. Sammy D III (talk) 22:45, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * This source also states 85mm bore, which would make it 4.5 RAC HP as pointed out by Avi8tor above. Which suggests that 3.5hp is the actual rating. Anyhow, 3 1/2 HP is a marketing name so it could mean anything it wants. Moto Révue tested one in 1919, but the last time a back issue sold was for 1,313 Euros two years ago...  Mr.choppers |   ✎  18:42, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

We've moved to Talk:Horsepower if you care. Sammy D III (talk) 23:00, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rover Company


text:
Talk:Noria

Is it the same as a water wheel ?
Term for water wheels of Syria and Jordan. [[User:Noisy|Noisy | Talk]] 13:34, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

A NORIA is not a synonym for water wheel, it is a very specific type of machine that uses all the energy it receives from the flow of water to lift a portion of that water, usually to fill an aqueduct that then slopes away to deliver water elsewhere. Noria are more common in dry lands with large, fast rivers of little slope (like Syria and Jordan for example) but are found all over the world.

--Charlie

How is the water discharged ?
I understand how the water is lifted, but how is it transferred to the aqueduct?Derek Andrews 01:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * There's a nice illustration of how the water is transferred to the aqueduct in "Bucket elevators, Persian wheels and Norias" . Could we get that image or a similar illustration of how a noria works into this article? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 04:13, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Seven years later: The same thing puzzled me, for how fish wheels worked.  I have revised its article to try to explain how, after finally coming to an understanding.  The fish wheel baskets occasionally scoop up a salmon or other fish, and the wheel lifts it up, and the key thing is that there's a slope, a slide, towards one side of the wheel so that when the basket is aloft the fish are shunted to the side and out, to fall into a collection tank.  That link  doesn't quite explain it out, and I don't quite understand its second picture (where are the buckets of water?) but there is something--a slide or a chute--going to the side, so it looks to me that one kind of these norias works basically the same as fish wheels, dumping water to the side above the axle of the wheel.  I don't understand the other kind of noria that spills water down the middle of the waterwheel(?). -- do  ncr  am  01:55, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Tidal powered noria
Does a Norea work with the force received from tidal water? Because tides come two times a day and the magnitudes of the force are not equal during a tide. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nurul Hasan Mahmud-Scientific officer-BRRI. 117.18.224.167 (talk) 09:56, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd say no, because then it would lift salt water, which is of little use for irrigation or drinking. (While large fresh-water lakes have tides, too, they are far smaller in magnitude.) Instead, electricity could be generated using tidal energy, and that could be sent to where the fresh-water needs to be lifted.  At that location an electrical water pump could be used. StuRat (talk) 14:56, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Looking to form a plurality...
What's the plural of noria ? The caption for the pic in this article seems to just use "noria" as the plural, while the caption on the same pic in our article on Hama, renowned for having more than one noria, uses "norias". Are both correct or does one of our articles need a fix ? StuRat (talk) 14:40, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I suspect this is an Arabic word, so that its plural should be formed in the normal way by adding an "s". I have never come across any one mentioning a "norium", which would be the correct form is noria was a Latin neuter plural.  Peterkingiron (talk) 16:28, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The consensus seems to be that the plural is "norias", so the caption in the article has been changed accordingly. StuRat (talk) 00:28, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Noria is an Arabic word. The plural in Arabic would be Nawaier. But I suspect the best alternative for english is Norias.Yazan (talk) 09:46, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

Removed illustration
Noria is a Spanish word descended from Arabic. Norias were plentiful in Spain and a few are still working. I have removed the illustration with an explanation of how a particular noria in Aranjuez, Spain, works because it is confusing and not quite relevant as it pertains to a modern design, not a traditional design. GS3 (talk) 14:56, 20 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Too bad. Indians have their own, modern norias and saqiyas, as do the Egyptians, and they have no problem with presenting their versions as relevant, and I tend to agree. See http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Scoop_wheels_%28Sakia,_Tympanum_or_Tablia%29. There is no obligation to restrain ourselves to history. I'd say, as long as the caption is clear, definitely put the pic back in! In my opinion, the more info WP can offer (once it's neatly organised), the more useful it is. Just make sure that the more relevant noria is better visible than the special case.Arminden (talk) 20:18, 7 May 2015 (UTC)Arminden

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Noria


text:
Funny van Dannen

Franz-Josef Hagmanns-Dajka (born 1958 in Tüddern, Netherlands, now Germany), known professionally as Funny van Dannen, is a German singer, songwriter, author, and painter of Dutch origin. Since 1978 Funny Van Dannen has been living in Berlin. He is married and has four sons.

He sings about politics, society, sexuality, religion, and many other topics, usually humorously. He accompanies his songs with guitar, sometimes with harmonica.

Funny Van Dannen, Christiane Rösinger and Almut Klotz founded the German band Lassie Singers in 1988.

Die Schröders, a German punk rock band, made his 1996 song "Saufen" more famous in 1997.

The German punk band Die Toten Hosen interpreted some of his songs, notably Trauriges Arschloch, Bayern (1999), Lesbische, schwarze Behinderte (1999) and Frauen dieser Welt (2002).

Discography

 * Clubsongs (1995)
 * Basics (1996)
 * Info3 (1997)
 * Uruguay (1999)
 * Melody Star (2000)
 * Groooveman (2002)
 * Herzscheiße (2003)
 * Nebelmaschine (2005)
 * Authentic Trip (2005)
 * Trotzdem danke (2007)
 * Saharasand (2009)
 * Fischsuppe (2012)
 * Geile Welt (2014)
 * Come On (Live im Lido) (2016)
 * Alles gut, Motherfucker (2018)
 * Kolossale Gegenwart (2022)

Books

 * Spurt ins Glück (1991)
 * Jubel des Lebens (1993)
 * Am Wegesrand (1996)
 * Komm in meine Arme (1998)
 * Der Tag als Rosi kam (1997)
 * Neues von Gott (2004)
 * Zurück im Paradies, ISBN 9783888974663  (2007)
 * An der Grenze zur Realität, ISBN 9783893202034 (2015)
 * Die weitreichenden Folgen des Fleischkonsums (2018)

title: Funny van Dannen


text:
Dear Heather

Dear Heather is the 11th studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen, released by Columbia Records in 2004. It was dedicated "in memory of Jack McClelland 1922-2004."

Background
The album features Cohen experimenting with different musical approaches. On "To a Teacher", Cohen quotes himself from The Spice-Box of Earth, his second collection of poetry from 1961. The basic tracks of "The Faith" dated back to the Recent Songs sessions from 1979. The album includes a live version of the country standard "Tennessee Waltz", which was taken from a performance during his tour in support of the LP Various Positions. Considering the plethora of sources from which the material sprang, Cohen had originally wanted to call the album Old Ideas, but eventually changed it to Dear Heather for fear that fans might assume it was merely a compilation or "best of" package (Old Ideas would be the title of Cohen's next studio album). There is increase in spoken poetry over singing, with two songs featuring words by other writers: Lord Byron ("No More a-Roving") and F. R. Scott ("Villanelle for our Time"). The gospel-tinged "On That Day" addresses the still-raw tragedy and horror of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

Reception
The album reached #131 on the Billboard 200 and Internet Album charts and #5 on the Canadian Album charts. It was Cohen's highest charting album in America since 1969's Songs from a Room. The album's highest chart position came in Poland where it reached #1 on the Polish Albums Chart.  Dear Heather was not received as well by critics as Ten New Songs and Cohen's 2001 live album Field Commander Cohen: Tour of 1979 had been. Some critics found it dour - although such notices had been commonplace throughout various stages of Cohen's career - and noted a tone of finality in the offering. The New York Times reported, "Some of the songs are virtually unadorned with poetic imagery and fall flat; in others, Mr. Cohen uses his calmly sepulchral voice for speech rather than melody. The production is homemade." The Stylus deemed it an "unsatisfying way to end such an intriguing career." In the November 2004 Rolling Stone review of the LP, Michaelangelo Matos praised the album, calling Cohen "Canada's hippest 70 year old" and insisting that "given how monochromatic Cohen tends to be, the jumbled feel works in Dear Heather's favor." Thom Jurek of AllMusic argues that Dear Heather is Cohen's "most upbeat" album: "Rather than focus on loss as an end, it looks upon experience as something to be accepted as a portal to wisdom and gratitude...If this is indeed his final offering as a songwriter, it is a fine, decent, and moving way to close this chapter of the book of his life."

Personnel

 * Leonard Cohen – vocals, guitar, Jew's harp
 * Sharon Robinson – vocals, arrangements
 * Anjani Thomas – vocals, backing vocals; piano on "On That Day", "Nightingale" and "Tennessee Waltz"
 * Bob Sheppard – tenor saxophone on "Go No More a-Roving"
 * Stan Sargeant – bass on "On That Day" and "Nightingale"
 * Johnny Friday – drums on "On That Day" and "Nightingale"
 * Sarah Kramer – trumpet on "Dear Heather"
 * Mitch Watkins – guitar on "The Faith" and "Tennessee Waltz"
 * Garth Hudson – accordion on "The Faith"
 * Roscoe Beck – bass on "The Faith"
 * Bill Ginn – piano on "The Faith"
 * Raffi Hakopian – violin on "The Faith"
 * John Bilezikjian – oud on "The Faith"
 * Paul Ostermayer - flute on "The Faith"
 * Ron Getman – steel guitar and vocals on "Tennessee Waltz"
 * John Crowder – bass and vocals on "Tennessee Waltz"
 * Richard Crooks – drums on "Tennessee Waltz"
 * Jeremy Lubbock - string arrangement on "The Faith"

Track notes

 * "Go No More a-Roving" is musical adaptation of Lord Byron's poem "So, we'll go no more a roving", dedicated to Cohen's friend and mentor, Canadian poet Irving Layton, member of the Montreal Group of modernist poets.
 * "Villanelle for Our Time" was recorded 6 May 1999, shortly after Cohen's return from Mount Baldy Zen Center. It is an improvised jazz recitation of a poem by F. R. Scott, Cohen's older colleague from the Montreal Group of modernist poets.
 * "To a Teacher" is a spoken-word track based on Cohen's poem from his 1961 book of poetry The Spice-Box of Earth, dedicated to the Canadian poet A.M. Klein.
 * "The Letters" is a duet with Cohen's producer, collaborator and track's co-writer Sharon Robinson.
 * "Because Of" is a recitation of Cohen's poem which was included in his 2006 Book of Longing.
 * "On That Day" is a song about the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City.
 * The track "Nightingale" is dedicated to the late R&B singer Carl Anderson, Anjani Thomas's colleague. She composed the music using Cohen's abandoned poem.
 * Music track for "The Faith" is actually an outtake from Recent Songs, with completely new lyrics, re-mixed and with new vocals added (thus the production was co-credited to Recent Songs producer Henry Lewy). It was based on a Québec folk song.
 * The final track is a live performance of "Tennessee Waltz", recorded 9 July 1985 at the Montreux Jazz Festival. It was taken from the bootlegged radio recording and cleaned up digitally.

title: Dear Heather


text:
Talk:Robin Hood (movie, 1973)

For the sake of conformity, I think the title of the article should be Robin Hood (1973 movie). If no one objects, I'll move the page.  13:43, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Done.  16:36, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robin Hood (movie, 1973)


text:
File:Shao2.jpg

Shao Piao-ping Photo downloaded from 纪念邵飘萍

title: File:Shao2.jpg


text:
Walford

Walford is a fictional borough of east London in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. It is the primary setting for the soap. EastEnders is filmed at Borehamwood in Hertfordshire, towards the north-west of London. Much of the location work is filmed in nearby Watford, which was chosen for many of the exterior scenes due to its close proximity and the town's name being so similar to Walford. Thus, any stray road signs or advertising boards which are accidentally filmed in the back of shots will appear to read Walford. Locations used in Watford include most interior and exterior church scenes of various churches, the snooker club, the County Court and Magistrates' Courts courtrooms, and the cemetery (where most of the deceased characters are interred).

The name Walford is both a street in Dalston where one of the series' creators, Tony Holland, lived and a blend of Walthamstow, where Holland was born, and Stratford. The suffix '-ford' is found throughout Britain (for example, Bradford, Guildford and Telford); it just means the first place you can cross a river. Walford's London postcode district is E20 (real East London postcode districts only went up to E18 until 2011, when E20 was introduced to serve the London 2012 Olympic Park). Walford's fictional tube station, Walford East, is located on the EastEnders tube map in the position normally occupied by the real Bromley-by-Bow tube station. As part of the 2010 Children In Need charity appeal, Walford became twinned with Weatherfield in a special programme uniting the two soaps EastEnders and Coronation Street called "East Street".

Albert Square
The main setting of EastEnders is Albert Square, where many of the characters reside. Central to the Square is the garden. The garden is home to Arthur Fowler's (Bill Treacher) bench, which was placed there in memory of him. The bench is also known as the 'Bench of Tears', as it is often the place where characters will go and cry. One corner of the square is taken up by The Queen Victoria Public House. There is a B&B and a car lot. The square's design was based on Fassett Square in Dalston, and was given the name Albert Square after Prince Albert. The Queen Victoria, was also given its name due to this. The Queen Victoria public house, known to residents as the Queen Vic or simply 'The Vic', stands south of the square at number 46 Albert Square, where it joins with Bridge Street. East of the pub is a building with 2 flats and west of these in the southwest corner leads off to a walkway through to Turpin Way, on which the Walford Community Centre and Playground are found. To the west of the Queen Vic, across the junction with Bridge Street, is the Beale house, 45 Albert Square. Next to that is 43 Albert Square. In the southwest corner of the square is number 41. Between numbers 41 and 43 is Daisy Lane, a pathway connecting Albert Square to Victoria Square. Daisy Lane was named after the daughter of Series Designer Steven Keogh. On the west edge of The Square there are two houses 18 and 20 Albert Square, which have been knocked through as a single property and then later separated again. It was previously Walford's B&B, 'Kim's Palace'. North of the old B&B is the rear of 55 Victoria Road. A row of five terraced houses line the north edge of Albert Square. The westernmost house is number 31. The property next door is split into two flats. Number 25 is the home of Dot Cotton (June Brown). The easternmost property in the terrace is number 23, which was destroyed in September 2014 by a fire. On the northeast edge of Albert Square is a car lot, south of which is another terrace of three elevated properties. The northernmost house is number 5. A road leads north at the square's northeast edge, passing by the car lot. The middle house is at 3 Albert Square. Most southerly of this terrace is number 1, originally flats with the doctor's surgery on the ground floor, which later became a single house.

Bridge Street
Bridge Street is the location of the street market and shops including the café, launderette, and mini-supermarket. The café is originally named Al's Cafe and owned by Ali Osman (Nejdet Salih) and Sue Osman (Sandy Ratcliff), where they also operate the taxi firm OzCabs. When Ali develops a gambling addiction, he is forced to sell the café to Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt), who manages it with his wife, Cindy Beale (Michelle Collins), until he sells the business to his mother, Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Ian buys the café back following the birth of Kathy's son, Ben Mitchell (Matthew Silver), although loses the business when he becomes bankrupt years later. Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) buys the property and employs Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman), the estranged wife of Ian, to manage it. She renames the property to Laura's Café. Laura dies and Phil is falsely imprisoned so when Phil signs the café to his sister, Sam Mitchell (Kim Medcalf), she naïvely sells the business back to Ian. Ian manages the café with his wife Jane Beale (Laurie Brett) until they divorce and Jane wins the business in the divorce settlement. Jane sells the café to Phil and he lets his partner, Shirley Carter (Linda Henry), manage it. She names the property Shirley's Cafe. Phil sells the business to Ian, and he renames the café to Mandy's Café. When Ian has a nervous breakdown and leaves, his daughter Lucy Beale (Hetti Bywater) takes control of his businesses, calling the cafe Cindy's Café. Upon his return, Ian regains ownership of the café and when she returns to Walford, Jane manages it. A few years later, Kathy returns and when she begins managing the café, Ian renames it to Kathy's Café. A year later, Ian sells the property to Weyland & Co, a property development company, which upsets Kathy. Weeks later, Fi Browning (Lisa Faulkner), a business consultant for the company, gifts the café to Kathy after discovering that her father, James Willmott-Brown (William Boyde) raped Kathy.

The launderette is owned by Mr Papadopolous until his death in 1992; the business passes to his son, Andonis Papadopolous and in 2016, it is passed to Andonis's son, Apostolos Papadopolous. Apostolos sells the launderette to Phil Mitchell and Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace) in 2021, and Kat also sets up a taxi company called “Kat’s Cabs” in the backroom.

Turpin Road
Turpin Road is the location of a war memorial, bookmaker, chip shop, funeral parlour, restaurant and an upmarket bar as well as several other businesses. The name Turpin Road was chosen after the show's creator read that the East End was the haunt of notorious highwaymen, such as Dick Turpin.

The nightclub on Turpin Road is originally named Strokes Wine Bar until George Palmer (Paul Moriarty) buys it and renames it "The Cobra Club". He uses the club as a cover for his criminal business. Annie Palmer (Nadia Sawalha), George's daughter, takes over the control of the club when he leaves; she renames the club "The Market Cellar". Annie later sells the club to Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), who renames it "e20". In 1999, under Steve's ownership, Saskia Duncan (Deborah Sheridan-Taylor) is killed in the club after a struggle with Steve and Matthew Rose (Joe Absolom). Beppe di Marco (Michael Greco) and Billy Mitchell (Perry Fenwick) buy the club from Steve, although Beppe sells his majority share to Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean), who rebrands the club "Angie's Den", in memory of her parents Angie Watts (Anita Dobson) and Den Watts (Leslie Grantham). Following a refurbishment, Den buys into the business and co-owns with Sharon. They sell the club to Johnny Allen (Billy Murray), who renames it "Scarlet" after his deceased daughter. Johnny gives the club to his surviving daughter, Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton), when he is imprisoned. The start of Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) and Bradley Branning's (Charlie Clements) relationship begins in Scarlet when Bradley is falsely blamed for spiking Stacey's drink. A reporter from Inside Soap labelled the moment "a rather unromantic start to Stacey and Bradders' love story!" Ronnie Mitchell (Samantha Womack) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen) buy the club, renaming it the "R&R" - the initials of Ronnie and her sister, Roxy Mitchell (Rita Simons). Ronnie and Roxy run the club, while Jack operates as a silent partner. When Ronnie and Jack separate, Ronnie sells her share of the club to Jack, although after a fire in the club, Ronnie and Roxy each buy a share in the club. When Billy tries to woo Carol Jackson (Lindsay Coulson), Carol's daughter Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer) becomes aggressive and creates an argument between them, Stacey, Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks) and Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace). An Inside Soap columnist labelled the argument "one of our favourite catfights". Jack is later shot at the club by gang member Kylie (Elarica Gallacher), and a few months later, he sells his share of the club to Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden). Ronnie and Roxy also sell their shares to Janine. Upon her return to Walford, Sharon becomes the R&R's bar manager and she holds her wedding to Jack at the club. At the altar, Jack jilts Sharon, leaving her saddened. Sharon is also offered a small share in the business by Phil. Janine and Sharon later sell their shares to Phil, leaving him as the sole-owner. The R&R closes at some point in before Christmas 2016, and remains shut until February 2018, when Sharon decides to reopen it, with Mel Owen (Tamzin Outhwaite) as the manager. Mel plans to rename the club "The Phoenix", but her son Hunter Owen (Charlie Winter) sabotages the refurbishment and rebrands it "E20" again in honour of his father, Steve, while infuriating Mel, who goes along with it to keep Hunter happy. When Mel's ex-husband Ray Kelly (Sean Mahon) plans to remarry her, he buys Phil's 50% stake in the E20 and gifts it to Mel as a wedding present. In November 2019, Mel decides to sell her half of the E20 to Ruby and later blackmails Sharon into selling her half too, leaving Ruby as the new sole-owner of the club, which she renames "Ruby’s". In May 2022, Ruby puts the club up for sale and Sam Mitchell (Kim Medcalf) discovers that her brother, Phil’s, money-laundering associate, Jonah Tyler (Mark Mooney), is planning on buying the club from Ruby. She approaches Phil with this news and they agree to outbuy Jonah, reopen the club as a wine bar and run it together; renaming it "Peggy’s" in honour of their late mother, Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor). Co-run by Phil, Sam, Kat and Sharon, the opening night of Peggy’s was on 7 July 2022.

The Dagmar at 10 Turpin Road is first mentioned in 1986 and seen in 1987 when James Willmott-Brown (William Boyde) takes over and turns it into a wine bar. After James rapes Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth), the bar is burnt down on the orders of Den. The building is then used for several businesses, including Ian Beale's (Adam Woodyatt) Meal Machine, a catering business, and a bric-a-brac shop, also owned by Ian. It also becomes a beauty salon, first called Sophisti-Kate's, run by Kate Mitchell (Jill Halfpenny), then Booty, run by Tanya Branning (Jo Joyner), Roxy's, run by Roxy Mitchell (Rita Simons), and Beauty, run by Sadie Young (Kate Magowan). It returns to being a wine and cocktail bar in 2014 when Sharon Watts opens The Albert. After Vincent Hubbard (Richard Blackwood) buys half the bar and Sharon later sells her half to Vincent as well, he and his wife, Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson), run it until he is forced to sell it to pay people he owes money to and it is left empty in early 2018. Kathy buys the building in 2019, and decides to reopen it as a gay bar called The Prince Albert.

Next door to the nightclub is a building that originally housed the Snooker World snooker club. When Johnny Allen buys Angie's Den, he buys Snooker World and merges the two together to give Scarlet a more open space. After 4 Turpin Road is again separated into two buildings in 2011, Janine Butcher uses it to house her property management business, Butcher's Joints. After Janine's arrest for murder, it is converted into a salon called Blades, owned by Dean Wicks (Matt Di Angelo) until he is arrested for rape. Belinda Peacock (Carli Norris) then opens her own salon called Elysium until she is forced to close it down a few months later due to high debts. It is reopened in 2019 by Denise Fox (Diane Parish) as a salon named Fox & Hair.

George Street

George Street is the location of an Italian restaurant, Giuseppe's, which later becomes an Indian restaurant, The Argee Bhajee, when a new owner takes over. Walford East tube station is on George Street, which first appeared on screen in late 1985 when Lou Beale (Anna Wing) collapses outside it. On maps seen inside the station it replaces Bromley-by-Bow on the District line, although the building is in the style of the Bakerloo line stations designed by Stanley Heaps. The train sound was first heard in 1987 and the train's first appearance was in 1988 at Lou Beale's funeral. Trains did not appear again until 4 February 2010, when CGI was used in the show for the first time. Platforms within the station were first seen in 2011 when Charlie Slater (Derek Martin) left Walford. George Street also has a B&B, King George Guest House, which opened in 2008.

Other streets
Turpin Way includes the local garage, informally known as The Arches, the community centre, a playground and a boxing gym. Other locations seen or mentioned in the series include Victoria Square, Walford Towers, Kingsley Road, Spring Lane and the High Street. Storylines in 2017 mentioned the demolition of Walford Towers, as a means of introducing new characters to the series, although the demolition was cancelled. Walford Common was introduced to the series for the "Who Killed Lucy Beale?" storyline in 2014, while Walford Common underground station was introduced in 2019. Other Walford streets mentioned at various times include Clifton Hill Road, New Street, Fairford Lane, Elwell Road, Sewardstone Road, Clarisdown Street, Wellington Road, Crescent Park Road, Somer Street, Station Road, Elm Road and Montpelier Road. Lou Beale (Anna Wing) also mentions in 1987 that Bassett Street is just off Turpin Road.Other rooms to rent in London.

title: Walford


text:
Rust, Burgenland

Rust (Rušta; Ruszt) is a city in the Austrian state of Burgenland, located on the western shore of Lake Neusiedl near the border with Hungary. With only about 1,900 inhabitants, it is the country's smallest statutory city, as it was endowed with the rights of a royal free city by the Hungarian crown in 1681. As a Statutarstadt, it also forms an administrative district (Bezirk) in its own right. The city is famous for its wines, especially for Beerenauslese, ice wine and - especially - Ruster Ausbruch.

History

The settlement was first mentioned as Ceel in a 1317 deed issued by King Charles I of Hungary, its name derived from Hungarian szil for Elm, later translated into German Rüster or Rusten. The present-day Hungarian name Ruszt is again a translation from the German term. Rust's citizens received market rights in 1470 and the privilege to mark the corks of their wine barrels with the famous 'R' brand in 1524. The affluent town finally gained independence at the 1681 diet at Sopron by the order of Emperor Leopold I, King of Hungary.

With the Burgenland region, Rust passed from Hungary to the Republic of Austria in 1921.

Politics
Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2007 elections:
 * Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 10
 * Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 8
 * Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 1

Twin towns

Rust is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Kulmbach, Germany, since 1981.
 * 🇭🇺 Tokaj, Hungary, since 2006.

title: Rust, Burgenland


text:
Congress of Europe

The Hague Congress or the Congress of Europe was a conference that was held in The Hague from 7–11 May 1948 with 750 delegates participating from around Europe as well as observers from Canada and the United States of America.

The Congress, organized by Duncan Sandys and Józef Retinger, brought together representatives from across a broad political spectrum, providing them with the opportunity to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation. It was held under the auspices of the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity, subsequently to become the European Movement after the Congress.

Important political figures, such as Konrad Adenauer, Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, Pierre-Henri Teitgen, François Mitterrand (both ministers in Robert Schuman's government), three former French prime ministers, Paul Reynaud, Édouard Daladier, Paul Ramadier, Paul van Zeeland, Albert Coppé and Altiero Spinelli, took part.

A broad range of philosophers, journalists, church leaders, lawyers, professors, entrepreneurs and historians also took an active role in the congress. A call was launched for a political, economic and monetary Union of Europe. This landmark conference was to have a profound influence on the shape of the European Movement, which was created soon afterwards.

The Spanish statesman Salvador de Madariaga proposed the establishment of a College of Europe at the Congress. This would be a college where university graduates from many different countries, some only a short while before at war with each other, could study and live together.

The Congress also discussed the future structure and role of the Council of Europe. Teitgen and Maxwell-Fyfe were instrumental in creating the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the Council of Europe.

The Congress provided the means to heighten public opinion for European unity. On 20 July 1948,  at the Hague meeting of ministers of Western European Union,  Schuman's Foreign Minister Georges Bidault proposed the creation of a European Assembly (realized in the later Council of Europe) and a customs and economic union (the later European Coal and Steel Community  and the two communities of the Treaties of Rome). Thus the conclusions of the Congress became French government policy and then the subject of European governmental policy.

Preparation of the Congress
The Congress was organised by the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity. The creation of a Committee for the Co-ordination of the International Movements for European Unity was agreed at a meeting in Paris on 20 July 1947 convened by Sandys and Retinger to bring together a number of existing organisations working for European unity - the European League for Economic Cooperation, the United Europe Movement, the Nouvelles Equipes Internationales and the European Union of Federalists. The European Parliamentary Union also participated in the meeting but subsequently declined to join the committee. Renamed the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity in December 1947, Sandys was elected its chairman and Retigner its Honorary Secretary.

Whilst the European Union of Federalists and the European Parliamentary Union had clear federalist objectives, the other organisations, "confined themselves officially to vague formulas: they wanted to 'increase and cultivate opportunities for co-operation among European nations (ELEC), 'to ensure to the government of the day wide support for any action which tends towards European unity' (UEM) and in general to evolve pragmatically towards a confederal union".

Conclusions of the Congress
The Congress adopted three resolutions, each prepared by a Commission: a Political Resolution, an Economic and Social Resolution, and a Cultural Resolution.

The Political Resolution reflected the attempt to find common ground between the federalists and those who favoured a more gradualist, intergovernmental approach. As Retinger subsequently recalled, "There were heated debates, particularly in the Political Commission as the Federalists, led by Paul Reynaud, called for a European Constituent Assembly directly elected by the people of Europe. Others wanted a more modest consultative Assembly, more likely to prove more acceptable to the governments...for that reason the call for 'the pooling and transfer of sovereign rights' prevailed over that for a 'Federalist State'".

Participants (selection)
Marcel Pilet-Golaz, Winston Churchill, Grigore Gafencu, Édouard Daladier, Albert-Édouard Janssen, Antony Eden, Juraj Krnjevic, Knut Kristensen, Indalecio Prieto, Hjalmar J. Procopé, Paul Ramadier, Paul Reynaud, Tadeusz Romer, Paul van Zeeland, Jacques Augarde, Gustav Heinemann, Johannes Hoffmann, François Mitterrand, Konrad Adenauer, Duncan Sandys, Józef Retinger, Léon Chevalme, Alphonse Colle, Maurice Schumann, Auguste Cool, Henri Lambotte, Henri Davezac, Ivo Duchacek, Carl Romme, Gaston Tessier, Živko Topalović, Édouard Bonnefous, Georges Chevrot, Paolo Giobbe; André François-Poncet, André Lefèvre, marquis d'Ormesson, Nicolò Carandini, Étienne Gilson, Charles Morgan, Bertrand Russell, Salvador de Madariaga; Raymond Rifflet, William Rappard, Walter Hallstein, René Capitant, Léon Julliot, Lord Moran, Michel Polonowski, Émile Borel, Gilbert Murray, Peter Fleming, Henry de Ségogne, Jacques Rueff, Maurice Allais, Jan Tinbergen, Harold Butler, Louis Salleron, Jacques Lacour-Gayet, Pierre Hély d’Oissel, Pieter Otten, Adrian Boult, Paul Landowski, Raymond Aron, René Courtin, Walter Layton, Jan Piłsudski, Raymond Silva, Gilberte Brossolette, Frances L. Josephy, Germaine Peyroles, Edmond Michelet, Jean de Suzannet, Hugh Delargy, Jean Mathé, Jean Buchmann, Henri Koch, Altiero Spinelli, André Voisin, Robert Bichet, Alexandre Marc, François de Menthon, Luc Durand-Réville, Robert Lemaignen, Edmond Giscard d’Estaing, Henri Cangardel, Georges Le Brun Kéris.

title: Congress of Europe


text:
User:0101laisy

I am now using 0101LAIsy insteaad

title: User:0101laisy


text:
F. R. Scott

Francis Reginald Scott (1899–1985), commonly known as Frank Scott or F. R. Scott, was a lawyer, Canadian poet, intellectual, and constitutional scholar. He helped found the first Canadian social democratic party, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and its successor, the New Democratic Party. He won Canada's top literary prize, the Governor General's Award, twice, once for poetry and once for non-fiction. He was married to artist Marian Dale Scott.

Life and work
Scott was born on August 1, 1899, in Quebec City, the sixth of seven children. His father was Frederick George Scott, "an Anglican priest, minor poet and staunch advocate of the civilizing tradition of imperial Britain, who instilled in his son a commitment to serve mankind, a love for the regenerative balance of the Laurentian landscape and a firm respect for the social order." He witnessed the riots in the city during the Conscription Crisis of 1917.

Completing his undergraduate studies at Bishop's University, in Lennoxville, Quebec, Scott went to Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar and was influenced by the Christian socialist ideas of R. H. Tawney and the Student Christian Movement.

Scott returned to Canada, settled in Montreal, studied law at McGill University, and eventually joined the law faculty as a professor. While at McGill, Scott became a member of the Montreal Group of modernist poets, a circle that also included Leon Edel, John Glassco, and A. J. M. Smith. Scott and Smith became lifelong friends. Scott contributed to the McGill Daily Literary Supplement, which Smith edited; when that folded in 1925, he and Smith founded and edited the McGill Fortnightly Review. After the Review folded, Scott helped found and briefly co-edited The Canadian Mercury. Scott, assisted by Smith and Leo Kennedy, also anonymously edited the modernist poetry anthology New Provinces (in which he published ten poems), which was published in 1936.

The Great Depression greatly disturbed Scott; he founded the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR) with the historian Frank Underhill to advocate socialist solutions in a Canadian context. Through the LSR, Scott became an influential figure in the Canadian socialist movement. He was a founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and a contributor to that party's Regina Manifesto. He also edited a book advocating Social Planning for Canada (1935). In 1943, he co-authored Make This Your Canada, which spelled out the CCF national programme, with David Lewis. Scott was elected national chairman of the CCF in 1942, and would serve until 1950.

In March 1942 Scott co-founded a literary magazine, Preview, with the Montreal poet Patrick Anderson. Like the earlier Montreal Group publications, "Preview orientation was cosmopolitan; its members looked largely towards the English poets of the 1930s for inspiration."

In 1950–1951, Scott cofounded Recherches sociales, a study group concerned with French–English relations. He began translating French-Canadian poetry.

In 1952, he served as a United Nations technical assistance resident representative in Burma to help build a socialist state in that country.

During the 1950s, Scott was an active opponent of the Maurice Duplessis regime in Quebec and went to court to fight the Padlock Law. He also represented Frank Roncarrelli, a Jehovah's Witness, in Roncarelli v Duplessis all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada, a battle that Duplessis lost.

Scott began translating French-Canadian poetry and published Anne Hébert and Saint-Denys Garneau in 1962. He edited Poems of French Canada (1977), which won the Canada Council prize for translation.

Scott served as dean of law at McGill University from 1961 to 1964 and served on the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. In 1970. he was offered a seat in the Senate of Canada by Pierre Trudeau. Although he declined the appointment, he supported Trudeau's imposition of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis same year.

Scott opposed Quebec's Bill 22 and Bill 101, which established the province within its jurisdiction as an officially-unilingual province within an officially-bilingual country.

After his death on January 30, 1985, Scott was interred in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal.

Recognition
Scott won the 1977 Governor General's Award for non-fiction for his Essays on the Constitution and the 1981 Governor General's Award for poetry for his Collected Poems.

The Royal Society of Canada elected Scott a fellow in 1947 and awarded him its Lorne Pierce Medal in 1962.

Scott won the Molson Prize in 1965.

In 1966, Scott received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University.

Leonard Cohen added music to Scott's villanelle, "A Villanelle for Our Time," and recorded it on his album Dear Heather.

Scott is the subject of a number of critical works, as well as a major biography, The Politics of the Imagination: A Life of F. R. Scott by Sandra Djwa.

Poetry

 * Overture. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1945.
 * Events and Signals. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1954.
 * The Eye of the Needle: Satire, Sorties, Sundries. Montreal: Contact Press, 1957.
 * Signature. Vancouver: Klanak Press, 1964.
 * Selected Poems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1966.
 * Trouvailles: Poems from Prose. Montreal: Delta Canada, 1967.
 * The Dance Is One. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1973.
 * The Collected Poems of F. R. Scott. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1981.

Translations

 * St-Denys Garneau & Anne Hebert: Translations/Traductions. Translated by F. R. Scott. Vancouver: Klanak Press, 1962.
 * Poems of French Canada. Translated by F. R. Scott. Burnaby, BC: Blackfish Press, 1977.

Except where indicated, bibliographical information on poetry courtesy of Canadian Poetry Online.

Non-fiction

 * Social Reconstruction and the B.N.A. Act – 1934
 * Labour Conditions in the Men's Clothing Industry – 1935 (with H. M. Cassidy)
 * Social Planning for Canada – 1935.
 * Canada Today: A Study of Her National Interests and National Policy – 1938
 * Canada's Role in World Affairs – 1942
 * Make This Your Canada: A Review of C.C.F. History and Policy – 1943 (with David Lewis)
 * Cooperation for What? United States and British Commonwealth – 1944
 * The World War Against Poverty – 1953 (with R. A. MacKay and A. E. Ritchie)
 * What Does Labour Need in a Bill of Rights – 1959
 * The Canadian Constitution and Human Rights – 1959
 * Civil Liberties and Canadian Federalism – 1959
 * Dialogue sur la traduction – 1970 (with Anne Hebert)
 * Essays on the Constitution: Aspects of Canadian Law and Politics – 1977

Edited

 * New Provinces: Poems of Several Authors (with A. J. M. Smith and Leo Kennedy). Toronto: Macmillan, 1936.
 * The Blasted Pine: An Anthology of Satire, Invective and Disrespectful Verse – 1957 (with A. J. M. Smith)

Discography

 * Six Montreal Poets. New York: Folkways Records, 1957. Includes A. J. M. Smith, Leonard Cohen, Irving Layton, F. R. Scott, Louis Dudek, and A. M. Klein. (cassette, 60 mins)
 * Canadian Poets on Tape. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1969, 1971. (cassette, 30 mins)
 * A Poetry Reading. Toronto: League of Canadian Poets, 1982. (cassette, 60 mins)
 * Celebration: Famous Canadian Poets CD London, Ontario: Canadian Poetry Association — 1999 ISBN 1-55253-022-1 (CD#4) (with James Reaney )

Except where noted, discographical information courtesy Canadian Poetry Online.

title: F. R. Scott


text:
Kaminia

Kaminia (Καμίνια, 'kilns') may refer to several places in Greece:

 * Kaminia, Lemnos
 * Kaminia, Achaea
 * Kaminia, a district of Piraeus

title: Kaminia


text:
Casino Versus Japan

Casino Versus Japan or Casino vs. Japan (born Erik Paul Kowalski; May 5, 1973) is a United States-based musician who works in electronic music.

Influences
As a child, Erik Kowalski was originally heavily influenced by Jan Hammer's music for Miami Vice, as well as Vangelis and Jean-Michel Jarre. Kowalski taught himself piano, guitar and drums in the early '90s while in high school.

Early work and releases
Recording guitar-based, ambient/experimental music as Radiogate in 1996 and 1997, Kowalski matured in the underground electronic music community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He worked at Atomic Records for 14 years and also wrote for the alternative fanzine Milk Magazine which also informed developments within many styles of innovative music. During this time he interviewed many of his favorite artists and influences. In early 1998, he approached Mike Bailey (d. 2019) of the local electronic label Star Star Stereo with some demo tapes, and shortly thereafter, released his self-titled debut Casino Versus Japan. This subsequently led to live performances (including several dates opening for Low) with Charles Wyatt (Charles Atlas) accompanying Kowalski on guitar, as well as a subsequent tour opening for Deerhunter in 2010. In January 2000, Go Hawaii was released on CD by Wobblyhead (later on double-vinyl LP by City Centre Offices, 2001). By the Summer of 2002, the track "It's Very Sunny" was used in a Hummer television commercial. His third album Whole Numbers Play the Basics, followed in September, 2002 on Carpark Records. The song "Manic Thru Tone" was used in MTV's "Choose Or Lose" campaign in the Fall of 2002. In 2012, the title track from Go Hawaii was covered by Adam Peters for use as the incidental theme music for Oliver Stone's film Savages.

Collections and collaborations
Hitori + Kaiso (1998–2001), a collection of unreleased tracks, appeared in 2004. The album was compiled and released by Attacknine Records from a large archive of material initially presented as a gift to Nick Huntington of Freescha, and not intended for public release. Huntington enthusiastically encouraged a release, however, which also resulted in the 2010 collection Night on Tape, another batch of selected tracks from the same archive. Casino Versus Japan and Freescha released a Split EP together in 2004.

Tracks by Casino Versus Japan have featured heavily during the intermissions of NPR's Radiolab podcast. In July 2011 Radiolab were licensed to allow followers to download Casino Versus Japan's Miano: A Pink Night For Snowmen from the Night on Tape album.

Albums and collections

 * Casino Versus Japan, CD (1998, Star Star Stereo)
 * Go Hawaii, CD (2000, Wobblyhead) 2x12" LP (2001, City Centre Offices)
 * Whole Numbers Play the Basics, CD and LP (2002, Carpark Records)
 * Hitori + Kaiso (1998–2001), Double CD (2004, Attacknine)
 * Casino Versus Japan [Reissue] (2010, Moodgadget)
 * Night on Tape (2010, Attacknine)
 * Frozen Geometry (2016, self-release)
 * Suicide By Sun (2018, self-release)
 * Echo Counting (2020, self-release)
 * Tagebuch einer Verlorenen (2024, self-release)

Singles and EPs

 * Casino Versus Japan + Jessica Bailiff, split 7-inch (2000, Star Star Stereo)
 * "Via", 10-inch (2001, Wobblyhead)
 * "Silver And Gold" b/w "64 Colors" Split 7-inch w/ Am Boy (2004, Wobblyhead)
 * "Casino Versus Japan + Freescha" [Split] CDEP/12" (2003, Wobblyhead)
 * "Damaged Errata", "Scenic Loop" (2015, Attacknine)

title: Casino Versus Japan


text:
Botanic Gardens railway station, Melbourne

Botanic Gardens was an early inner suburban railway station in Melbourne, Australia. It was a small station built to serve both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and Royal Botanic Gardens. The station was located near the narrow humpback footbridge from Yarra Park to Swan Street

It was opened on 3 February 1859 by the Melbourne & Suburban Railway Company, three weeks after the opening of its line to Richmond, which was later extended as the Hawthorn and Windsor lines.

As it was one of the first stations in Melbourne to close, details of it are sparse. It opened only for traffic on Wednesdays afternoons, Saturdays and Sundays. It closed around 1862, although an exact date is not known. Following its closure, the area was served by trams for many years, until Jolimont railway station was opened nearby.


text: File:BarbJungr WaterlooSunset.jpg

title: File:BarbJungr WaterlooSunset.jpg


text:
Jay Jopling

Jeremy Michael "Jay" Jopling (born June 1963) is an English art dealer and gallerist. He is the founder of White Cube.

Early life
Jeremy Michael Jopling is the son of Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling, a Conservative politician who served for some time as Minister for Agriculture in the Conservative Government led by Margaret Thatcher. Jopling was brought up in Yorkshire and educated at Eton and the University of Edinburgh, where he studied English literature and history of art, and his first job was selling fire extinguishers door-to-door.

Career
As a university student, Jopling visited Manhattan, where he forged links with post-war American artists, encouraging them to donate works for the charity auction "New Art: New World." In the late 1980s, he formed a friendship with the artist Damien Hirst. After completing his M.A. in 1984, he moved to London and began working with artists of his generation.

In May 1993, he opened the original White Cube on the first floor of 44 Duke Street, St James, in West End. Its exhibition policy was to provide a one-off showcase for both British and international artists. White Cube exhibited some of the leading contemporary artists, including Lucian Freud, Gilbert & George, Antony Gormley, Sarah Morris, Mona Hatoum, Marc Quinn, Damien Hirst, Gary Hume, Runa Islam, Jake & Dinos Chapman, Tracey Emin, Harland Miller, Sam Taylor-Wood, Gavin Turk and Cerith Wyn Evans.

In 2000, Jopling opened the larger White Cube Hoxton Square in London's East End, occupying a converted 1920s light industrial building. The gallery space closed in December 2012. White Cube Mason's Yard, situated off Duke Street, St James's—home of the original White Cube—opened in 2006. White Cube Bermondsey opened in October 2012 and is the largest of the gallery's three sites. White Cube Hong Kong, located in the heart of Hong Kong's central district, opened in March 2012. White Cube São Paulo opened in December 2012 and closed in 2015.

Jopling's most recent venture was a three-year programme of exhibitions in Brazil.

He was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed British men in 2015.

Paddle8
Jopling invested heavily in an online auction platform called Paddle8. Paddle8 merged with competitor online auction house Auctionata in early 2016. By February 2017, Auctionata declared insolvency and Paddle8 became an independent company once again.

Personal life
Jopling was married to artist Sam Taylor-Wood, together they have two daughters, Angelica (b. June 1997) and Jessie Phoenix (b. November 2005). In September 2008, the couple announced that they were separating amicably after 11 years of marriage.

He subsequently married Hikari Yokoyama, who works for Paddle8. In 2019, their daughter, Djuna Mei Jopling, was born.

title: Jay Jopling


text:
Stephen Tweedie

Stephen C. Tweedie is a Scottish software developer who is known for his work on the Linux kernel, in particular his work on filesystems.

After becoming involved with the development of the ext2 filesystem working on performance issues, he led the development of the ext3 filesystem which involved adding a journaling layer (JBD) to the ext2 filesystem. For his work on the journaling layer, he has been described by fellow Linux developer Andrew Morton as "a true artisan".

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1969, Tweedie studied computer science at Churchill College, Cambridge and the University of Edinburgh, where he did his thesis on Contention and Achieved Performance in Multicomputer Wormhole Routing Networks. After contributing to the Linux kernel in his spare time since the early nineties and working on VMS filesystem support for DEC for two years, Tweedie was employed by Linux distributor Red Hat where he continues to work on the Linux kernel.

Tweedie has published a number of papers on Linux, including Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem in 1994, Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in 1998, and Planned Extensions to the Linux Ext2/Ext3 Filesystem in 2002.

Tweedie is also a frequent speaker on the subject of Linux kernel development at technical conferences. Amongst others, he has given talks on Linux kernel development at the 1997 and 1998 USENIX Annual Technical Conferences, the 2000 UKUUG conference in London, and he gave the keynote speech at the Ottawa Linux Symposium in 2002.

title: Stephen Tweedie


text:
Talk:Drakensberg

Split article into range and UNESCO site?
It occurs to me that the UNESCO World Heritage Site included only the Drakensberg Park, on the South African side of the border, and not the rest of the Drakensberg range itself. As such, there should probably be two separate articles. I'll get onto this when I get some time. -Kieran (talk) 23:29, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Previous unsigned comment
I just changed the wording of the reference to the Zulu people. Talking about "The Zulus" is a sweeping generalization. Someone should probably write something (and link to) the Sotho people, since they are the inhabitants of the area. When I get time, maybe I will.

In a perfect world
Dude, Maluti is the correct spelling for the mountains, as used in Lesotho. Loti is the currency. Please follow Lesotho government link http://www.lesotho.gov.ls/about/tourism.php. Oxford is clearly wrong here. People in South Africa and Lesotho mostly use the Maluti spelling. Some politically correct ANC departments in South Africa seems to start using the Maloti spelling.

Maluti would redirect to a disambiguation page Maloti which would point to Drakensberg and Lesotho loti (see the Oxford Dictionary of South African English entry for Maloti). Also, this article would use "Maloti" for the Sesotho name and mention the fact that "Maluti" is a very common misspelling. "Imagine all the people..." Zyxoas (talk to me - I'll listen) 16:01, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Easily said, easily done. I've changed it as you recommended. dewet|✉ 19:41, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Dude, Maloti is commonly misspelt Maluti - not the other way around! Zyxoas (talk to me - I'll listen) 05:32, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

But thanks a lot for the dab and stuff. Zyxoas (talk to me - I'll listen) 05:51, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Umm, isn't that exactly what I did? On Maloti: "Maloti (or Maluti, a common misspelling)..." — if there is something I misunderstood, please tell me!  Thanks, dewet|✉ 06:18, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

The mistake is on Drakensberg. Zyxoas (talk to me - I'll listen) 08:28, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see. My bad. But why didn't you just switch it around yourself? dewet|✉ 08:50, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Because it's impossible to edit articles on a WAP cellphone. Zyxoas (talk to me - I'll listen) 09:46, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

duplicated Spanish articles
One has it -berg and one has it -burg, I don't know the word for "merge" in Spanish.

Explored by Baden Powell
One interesting fact from those, I'd like to source. "the mountains were explored by Robert Baden-Powell at the end of century XIX, within the framework of the wars in Africa of the British Empire." Chris (クリス • フィッチ) (talk) 07:26, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, the article is sadly light on sources. I have other things on my plate for now, but at some stage I'll probably come back and sort it out.

 * It's quite possible (even likely) that Baden used to hike around them, but the sentence is slightly misleading. I would suggest that the mountains were first explored by humans some time in prehistory by San people. -Kieran (talk) 21:14, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Copyright violations?
This article appears to be filled largely with strings of copyrighted text from the sources, without adequate notes to that affect. Would it be possible to have the article rectified? Please see WP:NFC policy, which discourages the use of extensive quotation (and most of the quotes are not properly attributed to the article). Regards, Lazulilasher (talk) 20:54, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that. I'll fix what I can as soon as possible. Jor  dan  Contribs  12:25, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Copyright concerns
Sections of this article as of this point were in violation of WP:NFC or WP:C, as they contained quotations, some extensive, of external sites without proper attribution or marking. Where those concerns could be addressed through attribution, I have attributed. Where sections were too extensive or otherwise failed the usage guidelines at NFC, they have been removed. Please do not restore these without revising material in your own words, only quoting brief text where necessary "to illustrate a point, establish context, or attribute a point of view or idea." Wikipedia's contributor may use external websites as a source of information, but, except in compliance with WP:NFC, not as a source of sentences. Thank you. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:29, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * In addition to sources noted in the article, further sources of concern:
 * "The Drakensberg is one of only two...", parkertours.co.za
 * "The most well-known national park...", to the blacklisted hubpages DOT com/hub/Drakensberg --Moonriddengirl (talk) 14:00, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Boers Crossing the Drakensberg
When the British took over Natal many Boers crossed over the Drakenberg mountains to live in Orange Free State and the South African Republic (The Transvaal). This trek is commemorated by a giant painting inside the Voortrekker Monument. It's notable enough to mention in this article. Invmog (talk) 22:50, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

A map please
A map showing the area would go a long way.--Halqh حَلَقَة הלכהሐላቃህ (talk) 07:40, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Junuxx (talk) 19:04, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

I agree entirely: there is a very good map in the Highveld article that could be incorporated here. The fact is that, geographically correctly speaking, the "Drakensberg" is the eastern edge the central South African plateau. Here, in the east, it forms highest part of the Great Escarpment, which looks like a mountain range from below - hence the name Drakensberg (literal translation into English: Dragon Mountains). The portion of the Great Escarpment that is termed the Drakensberg stretches all the way from almost the Limpopo River in the far north to the northern part of the Eastern Cape, as described in the opening paragraph. Unfortunately the rest of the article is actually about the Lesotho Highlands, better known as the Maluti Mountains, and therefore not about the "Drakensberg" at all. See any atlas to see the veracity of this statement. The problem is that many South Africans today think of the "Drakensberg" as only that part of the escarpment that forms the border between KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho, experienced from the KwaZulu-Natal side of the escarpment.

To call the Drakensberg a "range of mountains" is a misrepresntation of the geographical facts. The Drakensberg only looks like a "range of mountains" from below the escarpment. From above it is clearly an escarpment.Oggmus (talk) 19:14, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

Geological origins
Continuing with the theme above (under "A map please"): Since the Drakensberg is not a range of mountains but the eastern edge of the central South African Plateau, and is therefore a portion of the Great Escarpment, its geology is very varied. The section describing the geology of the the Drakensberg in the article is consequently confusing, and very difficult to understand.The Mpumalnaga Drakensberg escarpment is topped by the erosion resistant quartzites belonging to the Transvaal Supergroup which are more than 2000 million years old. The Lesotho-KwaZuluNatal Drakensberg escarpment is capped by very much younger rocks (in fact the youngest rocks of the plateau - only about 185 million years old), which overlay the Karoo Supergroup, in the form of a thick pile of lava, which once upon a time covered most of South Africa. Most of that lava has now eroded away; the last remaining remnant being the Lesotho Highlands. The Drakensberg inbetween (i.e. the portion of the escarpment that forms the boundary between KwaZuluNatal and the Free State) is made up of the Karoo Supergroup rocks: Dwyka, Ecca and Beaufort series. Here there is no hard erosion-resistant cap, with the result that the Escarpment (Drakensberg) in this region is not as impressive as the stretches of the Escarpment (Drakensberg) to the north and south of it.

I'm not sure how this rather dense geological information can be summarized in the article, and remain understandable to the nonspecialist. But if the Drakensberg are seen as part of the the Great Escarpment, it could simply be stated that its geology simply refects the highly varied structure of the plateau, with very ancient rocks in the north, and very much younger rocks to the south. Oggmus (talk) 06:26, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

Rewrite of most of the first half of the article
I have provided the map of the Drakensberg requested in 2011, and rewritten the opening paragraphs, as well as the next 3 sections (Geological origins, Appearance, and Composition). These sections are now internally consistent. I would like to have feedback about whether the edits are correct, and easy to follow. If someone feels strongly that I have missed the boat (and can provide evidence that that is so) then it is easy enough to revert to the original version; or, better still, a very much improved version of what I have written.Oggmus (talk) 13:04, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Copied material into the Great Escarpment article
The "geological origins' section has been copied and pasted, with very minor edits, into the Great Escarpment article, the geological origins of the part (Drakensberg) is the same as that of the whole (Great Escarpment). This has been done by the author of the "Geological origins" section.Oggmus (talk) 07:08, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

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Spelling
Is it with a "u" or an "e"? Because I've seen it both ways and am not sure. Please tell me the right one, as I'm doing a map project which counts as part of my grade. - Ramesty

Ukhahlamba is the correct name in Zulu LethuThwala (talk) 21:15, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

Ukhahlamba
Who discovered the the name of the mountain? Snoiled (talk) 08:33, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drakensberg


text:
Half hitch

The half hitch is a simple hitch knot, where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part. Insecure on its own, it is a valuable component of a wide variety of useful and reliable hitches, bends, and knots.

"The half hitch is tied with one end of a rope which is passed around an object and secured to its own standing part with a single hitch."

- The Ashley Book of Knots

Securing an additional single hitch to the rope's standing part produces the related knot two half-hitches. Alternatively, a half hitch may be made secure on its own by placing the final crossing opposite to the turn around the working end. This locks the end in place, and holds fast as long as the hitch is loaded by a steady pull. A half hitch in this configuration is sometimes used to tie strings to the bridge of a classical guitar.

Another instance where a half hitch stands on its own without additional embellishment is when added to a timber hitch to help stabilize a load in the direction of pull. A timber hitch is tied on the far end of the load to bind it securely and a half hitch made at the forward end to serve as a guide for the rope. In this instance, the half hitch combined with a timber hitch is known as a killick hitch or kelleg hitch.

The knot is attractive to the eye and so is used decoratively for French whipping which is also known as half hitch whipping.

title: Half hitch