text:
Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic

Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. The framework provides tools for operators to define additional features for standard GSM services/UMTS services. The CAMEL architecture is based on the Intelligent Network (IN) standards, and uses the CAP protocol. The protocols are codified in a series of ETSI Technical Specifications.

Many services can be created using CAMEL, and it is particularly effective in allowing these services to be offered when a subscriber is roaming, like, for instance, No-prefix dialing (the number the user dials is the same no matter the country where the call is placed) or seamless MMS message access from abroad.

CAMEL entities

 * GSM Service Control Function (gsmSCF)
 * GSM Service Switching Function (gsmSSF)
 * GSM Specialized Resource Function (gsmSRF)
 * GPRS Service Switching Function (gprsSSF)

Specifications
CAMEL specification were published in phases, with four phases having been established, each building on the previous. Phases 1 and 2 were defined before 3G networks existed, and as such support adding IN services to a GSM network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for 3GPP Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and UMTS common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.

In line with other GSM specifications, later phases should be fully backwards compatible with earlier phases; this is achieved by means of the Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) Application Context (AC) negotiation procedure, with each CAMEL phase is allocated its own AC version.

Phase 1
CAMEL Phase 1 defined only very basic call control services, but introduced the concept of a CAMEL Basic call state model (BCSM) to the Intelligent Network (IN). Phase 1 gave the gsmSCF the ability to bar calls (release the call prior to connection), allow a call to continue unchanged, or to modify a limited number of call parameters before allowing it to continue. The gsmSCF could also monitor the status of a call for certain events (call connection and disconnection), and take appropriate action on being informed of the event. Phase 1 was defined as part of Release 96 in 1997.

Phase 2
CAMEL Phase 2 enhanced the capabilities defined in Phase 1. In addition to supporting the facilities of Phase 1, Phase 2 included the following:
 * Additional event detection points
 * Interaction between a user and a service using announcements, voice prompting and information collection via in-band interaction or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) interaction
 * Control of call duration and transfer of Advice of Charge Information to the mobile station;
 * The ability to inform the gsmSCF about the invocation of the supplementary services Explicit Call Transfer (ECT), Call Deflection (CD) and Multi-Party Calls (MPTY)
 * The ability, for easier post-processing, of integrating charging information from a serving node in normal call records

Phase 2 was defined as part of 3GPP Releases 97 and 98, in 1998, although it is referenced in the stage 1 specification of Release 96.

Phase 3
The third phase of CAMEL enhanced the capabilities of phase 2. The following capabilities were added:
 * Support of facilities to avoid overload
 * Capabilities to support Dialed Services
 * Capabilities to handle mobility events, such as (Not-)reachability and roaming;
 * Control of GPRS sessions and PDP contexts
 * Control of Mobile Originated SMS through both circuit-switched and packet-switched serving network entities
 * Interworking with SoLSA (Support of Localised Service Area). Support for this interworking is optional;
 * The gsmSCF can be informed about the invocation of the supplementary service Call Completion to Busy Subscriber (CCBS)

Phase 3 was released as part of 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 in 1999.

Phase 4
The fourth phase of CAMEL built on the capabilities of phase 3. The following features were defined:
 * Support for Optimal Routing of circuit-switched mobile-to-mobile calls
 * The capability for the gsmSCF to create additional parties in an existing call (Call Party Handling)
 * The capability for the gsmSCF to create a new call unrelated to any other existing call (Call Party Handling - new call)
 * Capabilities for the enhanced handling of call party connections (Call Party Handling)
 * Control of Mobile Terminated SMS through both circuit-switched and packet-switched serving network entities
 * The capability for the gsmSCF to control sessions in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
 * The gsmSCF can request the gsmSSF to play a fixed or a variable sequence of tones

With CAMEL Phase 4, it is possible that only a limited subset of the new functionalities is supported, in addition to the complete support of CAMEL Phase 3.

Phase 4 was released as part of 3GPP Release 5 in 2002.


text:
Spark Unlimited

Spark Unlimited, based in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, was a video game developer founded by former developers from the Medal of Honor video game franchise. The studio's first game was Call of Duty: Finest Hour in 2004. Its last game was Yaiba: Ninja Gaiden Z in 2014. The company shut down in May 2015.

History
Spark Unlimited was established by a team of 28 developers who had previously worked on the Medal of Honor series. It signed with Activision to work on a Call of Duty game in December 2003.

In 2005, Spark filed a lawsuit against Activision and accused the company of trying "kill off" Spark. Activision counter-sued for fraud. Spark announced a deal to develop several games for ad network Massive.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spark Unlimited


text:
File:Wikipedia-Goldmark-l.jpg

Wikipedia Goldmark L from de, GNU-FDL

title: File:Wikipedia-Goldmark-l.jpg


text:
User talk:Hypergene

There is no picture of Hitler. Clear your cache, hit shift-reload. Evercat 22:13, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hypergene


text:
Talk:Dig 'Em Frog

Dig 'Em Frog was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT. The article has already been redirected to Smacks. 2 votes to delete, 5 votes to merge and redirect. The article shall be kept purely as a redirect. Postdlf 05:41, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Dig 'Em Frog
Stub about the mascot for a product (Smacks cereal) that is itself not listed in Wikipedia. —tregoweth 22:14, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to Smacks (or maybe something like Smacks cereal or Smacks (cereal) would be less ambiguous) and develop that article.  —Triskaideka 22:25, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Now that those pages exist, but the article they point to still only links to Dig 'Em Frog, my vote would be more accurately expressed as merge and redirect to Smacks.  —Triskaideka 15:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Brands are not usually notable, advertisements are almost never encyclopedic --Improv 02:44, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Triskaideka. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 03:48, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Triskaideka and Meelar — siro  χ  o  04:25, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Triskaideka, Meelar and Siroxo. Next...? - Lucky 6.9 16:56, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Triskaideka, Meelar, Siroxo, and Lucky 6.9. Next...? ;-) func(talk) 22:15, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Talk:Dig 'Em Frog


text:
Category:Corvidae

Corvidae is a family of the suborder Passeri.

title: Category:Corvidae


text:
Parkgate

Parkgate may refer to:

Places

 * Parkgate, Cheshire, England, in Neston parish, on the Wirral
 * Parkgate, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
 * Parkgate, Cumbria, England; see List of United Kingdom locations: Par-Pay
 * Parkgate, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
 * Parkgate, Over Peover, Cheshire East, England; see List of United Kingdom locations: Par-Pay
 * Parkgate, South Yorkshire, England
 * Parkgate, Surrey, England, a settlement in Newdigate parish
 * Park Gate, locality in the borough of Fareham in Hampshire, England

Others

 * Parkgate F.C., Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England
 * Parkgate Junior School, Watford, England
 * MV Parkgate, a Turnbull, Scott & Co cargo ship

title: Parkgate


text:
File:Wikipedia-Goldmark-r.jpg

German gold mark from de,

title: File:Wikipedia-Goldmark-r.jpg


text:
A Promise (Xiu Xiu album)

A Promise is the second studio album by American experimental band Xiu Xiu, released on February 18, 2003 by 5 Rue Christine.

Overview
The track "Sad Pony Guerrilla Girl" is a reworking of a song by Jamie Stewart's previous band Ten In The Swear Jar (XITSJ), called just "Sad Girl", which first appeared on their 1999 album My Very Private Map. "Pink City" also has its roots in a two-part song from XITSJ's unreleased album Eat Death Orphans!, which was eventually published in 2003's Accordion Solo! as "Hot Karl".

The album includes a stripped-down cover of Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car", of which Stewart said "That song really, very, very, very directly shaped how I wanted to write lyrics or what I wanted songs to be about...I wanted them to turn out in so far as the song very specifically narrates some particular horrible things that happen to somebody and there's no positive resolution in the end at all."

Referring to the closing track, "Ian Curtis Wishlist", Stewart explained that "an Ian Curtis wish list is a list of things that you have convinced yourself that you want to have happen, but you know that are never going to happen."

Cover art
The cover art shows "a nude man kneeling on a bed and holding an upside-down baby doll". The photograph was taken by Xiu Xiu frontperson Jamie Stewart, who met the photo's subject, a prostitute, at a gay cruising spot in Hanoi, Vietnam, and paid the man to take photos with the baby. The original release was printed with an orange rectangle covering the man's penis, as the distributor told the band that only a tenth of the stores would carry the album without the censor. The rectangle censor was based on Todd Solondz's Storytelling, and Stewart was fine with it since "the point of the photo was him and not his dick". The vinyl reissue went uncensored, and the label (Absolutely Kosher) threatened to take their business elsewhere if the manufacturer did not want to print the cover.

Reception
Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork wrote that Stewart "came into [their] own" on A Promise. A Promise is Canadian musician and 2006 Polaris Music Prize winner Owen Pallett's favorite album.

Xiu Xiu

 * Jamie Stewart
 * Lauren Andrews
 * Ches Smith
 * Yvonne Chen
 * Tally Jones

Additional personnel

 * Cory McCulloch
 * Aaron Russell
 * Wei Hwu
 * Sara Chaney
 * Jherek Bischoff
 * Korum Bischoff
 * Sam Mickens
 * John Golden - Mastering

title: A Promise (Xiu Xiu album)


text:
Talk:Andrey Vlasov

Untitled
While full of rhetoric, this magazine article (in Russian) by Kirill Aleksandrov ponders various positive aspects of Vlasov biography and personality, trying to consider Vlasov from different angles than commonly done by the official Soviet POV (the latter POV coincides with the one presented in the today's version of the WP article). Might be an interesting source to start research towards a better NPOV article. Kirill Aleksandrov is a historian, and it seems that he summarizes some of his research results in the article. Could be that better search might dig up his actual historical research works along with substantiating references. Without that, I suggest not to modify the main article, as this issue is quite sensitive, esp. to the surviving World War II veterans that fought in the region. BACbKA 22:16, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Some questions for the editors... please
First BACbKA the link you provided was dead. Sorry.

Now about this paragraph:

''Soviet authorities sent Vlasov and his men to Moscow, and in a summary trial held in the summer of 1946 sentenced him and eleven other senior officers from his army to death. They were hanged on August 2, 1946. This was the last sentence to death by hanging in the Soviet Union. The remaining soldiers were loaded into boxcars and sent back to Russia. It was reported that some of them were machine gunned as they got off the train; however the majority of surviving Vlasov soldiers and low-ranking officers were not executed, but imprisoned to labor camps. Some of them were among 55 thousand collaborators that were pardoned by the post-Stalin Soviet government on September 17, 1955.''

I would really like to know the source of this information. I am doing a research project on the Vlasov's men. According to an article I found in National Geographic (don't ask me which one, it was a while ago) there were some Russian collaborators remaining in prison until the 1990s and I would presume until the final fall of the Soviet Union.

Any information anyone could provide would be greatly appreciated.Piercetp

 * Working link here. Pavel Vozenilek 20:47, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * PS: Please sign your edits with ~.

Thanks Pavel but....
This link is in Russian. Does it mention anything about the fate of the soldiers in the ROA?

Piercetp

 * It doesn't say anything about soldier's fates and it's a totally biased article anyway.

 * As far as I know, nobody ever tried to track the fates of Vlasov's soldiers among hundreds of thousands of GULAG inhabitants. But the legends about some people remaining in camps until the 90'ies look very suspicious to me, unless confirmed with reliable sources. Eleyvie 11:14, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

___________________________________

Solzhenitsyn has a good discussion of Vlasov and his men in his work, "Gulag Archipelago". He also mentions a fascist political group set up in conjunction with this operation known as, to my best recollection, the Russian National Party of Labor, that functioned as an arm of the Nazi Party in the Russian emigre movement, but it can't find any mention of it on Wikipedia. In this regard, I recall mention of the Ukranian and Russian SS. An interesting sidelight to this story is that Hitler actually sent certain Cossack units into northern Italy late in the war to fight the Italian and Yugoslav partisans operating in that area. Part of their motivation was a promise by Hitler to give a portion of this area to them after the war as a "homeland." Tom Cod 00:26, 27 August 2006 (UTC) Would that be the NTS (Natsional'no-Trudovoi Soyuz) / НТС (Национально-Трудовой Союз) which Kazantsev mentions in his book Tret'ya Sila? --Mjjohansen 18:51, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Whitewashing
The opening paragraph is full of whitewashing. If anything, Vlasov wanted to replace Stalin with Hitler, not liberate Russia from Stalin... Ko Soi IX 20:38, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

pure opinion. Do you have even the slightest piece of evidence for this statement??

___________________________________

Vlasov's motives are under constant discussion. It is sometimes claimed that AAV acted out of hope for personal gains, disregarding anything but where the political and military wind blows; sometimes it is said that he wanted a Soviet Union but without Iosif Stalin at the rudder; some have claimed that he wanted the pre-revolutionary Russia back (which is unlikely, considering his role in the civil war, among other things; this is probably inspired by the fact that quite a few sources were white emigrants from the revolution). Despite having worked with this topic for years, I have never seen any evidence to suggest that the thought of Russian or the entire Soviet Union as a vassal state of Germany was appealing to AAV. --Mjjohansen 11:28, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Case review & Defenders of Moscow: Illustration
First: Does anyone have a link to the rehabilitation case mentioned here? I am working on a project regarding Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov. As you will see, he played a part in the defence of Moscow, and his picture was printed along with other officers in Pravda. I have seen this illustration somewhere on the web, but I lost it. Does anyone know where it is? My e-mail address is in my profile. --Mjjohansen 20:09, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt & V. Boyarsky, Infobox
I have opened a stub on Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt and Vladimir Boyarsky. I encourage you all to expand on it, since, if it has to wait until I have time to do it, it may be a while! Also, I have added an infobox, but the facts in it are limited. So there as well, please expand. --Mjjohansen 17:07, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

couple of mistakes. most embarassing one being that Tyrol is a region rather than a city as stated in the article. lots of speculations without sources. begging for improvement.

-interesting article nevertheless. Shows the paranoia in the soviet union. Stalin must have been preetty mean and cruel to send a pan-slavic commander into nazi territory. Goes to show you never really kn9w wats goin' on. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.255.42.105 (talk) 20:29, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

"Show Trial" Citation
There are many unverified and polemical references in this entry. For instance, it is stated that the officers were convicted during a "show trial" with no citation. This after demonstrating that the officers deserted from their own army to collaborate with the Nazi's who were invading Russia. The case against them seems rather clear-cut. --Shane Kenyon (talk) 12:16, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Who "deserted"? (217.184.150.115 (talk) 11:34, 25 May 2008 (UTC))

pfff... Andrei Vlasov? --Hoygan!! (talk) 16:15, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Whose custody?
Recent edits changed the article to say that Vlasov was captured by the Soviets, but Brittanica says he surrendered to American forces. I don't have access to the cited Konev source. Does Brittanica have this one wrong? AdventurousSquirrel (talk) 00:01, 19 September 2015 (UTC)
 * The article now says that he refused to surrender to American forces. Any idea why? I would think that he would have expected better treatment from the Americans than from the Soviets.Bill (talk) 00:27, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

Date of Death?
The article calls Aug. 1st, 1946 as DoD, the box Aug. 2nd, 1946. Are both reliable sourced? A current story in Germany’s biggest news mag Der Spiegel names Aug. 2nd as the date for the execution. Different sources name Aug. 1st. As well does the Encyclopædia Britannica but added a question mark behind it. There are pages in Russian that may lead to the conclusion that only the verdict was decided on Aug. 1st (Roughly in terms like “russian media was permitted again to report about him after the verdict from Aug. 2nd again. Any ideas? with best wishes from VINCENZO1492   10:25, 3 May 2017 (UTC)
 * It might be best for now to say "either 1 or 2 August" with the conflicting sources. Is 2 Aug based on more than a mere assumption that Soviets would be carry out the sentence a day later? Sparafucil (talk) 21:17, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

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List of recommended Russian language sources

 * . Perhaps some of them might be included, but this should be decided for each one. Most of them, like "А. В. Тишков: Предатель перед Советским Судом. Советское Государство и Право, 2/1973" are an outright propaganda/misinformation. My very best wishes (talk) 17:30, 22 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andrey Vlasov


text:
Luke Johnson (Mormon)

Luke Johnson (November 3, 1807 – December 9, 1861) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from 1835 to 1838. He served in the Quorum with his younger brother, Lyman E. Johnson, and Orson Hyde, his brother-in-law.

Johnson was born November 3, 1807, in Pomfret, Vermont, a son of John Johnson and Elsa Jacobs. He wrote of his family in an autobiographical sketch:

"My grandfather, Israel Johnson lived in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, and was much respected by his neighbors for his honesty, integrity and industry. My father, John Johnson, was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, April 11, 1779. He followed the occupation of farming on a large scale, and was noted for paying his debts and living independently. He moved from Pomfret, Vermont, to Hiram, Portage county, Ohio. He was connected with the Methodist church for about five years previous to receiving the Gospel. My father was satisfied in regard to the truth of 'Mormonism' and was baptized by Joseph Smith, Jun., in the winter of 1830–31, and furnished him and his family a home, while he translated a portion of the Bible."

Johnson was an educator and a physician. He married Susan H. Poteet on November 1, 1833. This marriage produced six children: Elisa Mary, Fanny, Eliza, Vashtia, James, and Solomon. After Susan's death on September 20, 1846, he married America Morgan Clark on March 3, 1847, in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and had additional children. This family included Susan Marinda, Orson Albert, Mark Anthony, Charlotte Elizabeth, Lovinia Ann, Phebe W. and Luke.

Church membership and service
Johnson was baptized into the Church of Christ on May 10, 1831, by Joseph Smith. By October 1831, he had been ordained an elder and went on a mission to southern Ohio with Robert Rathburn. Later in 1831, he joined Sidney Rigdon in preaching the gospel in areas of Pennsylvania and Ohio. Their efforts brought about fifty new members into the young church, including Rigdon's mother and other members of the Rigdon family. At one point, while he was praying, he had a vision of both the Angel Moroni and the golden plates.

Johnson was ordained to the office of high priest by Smith on October 25, 1831. With Seymour Brunson and Hazen Aldrich, he served as a missionary in Ohio, Virginia, and Kentucky in 1832 and 1833, baptizing more than a hundred people on their journey. He was a member of the Kirtland high council which was formed on February 17, 1834. On June 26, 1834, Johnson marched with Zion's Camp, suffering with cholera on the journey. At age 27, Johnson was chosen and ordained one of the original members of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles on February 15, 1835. Shortly after the quorum was formed, the new apostles were sent on missions. Johnson served in the Eastern United States, New York and Upper Canada. He returned to Kirtland, Ohio, in late 1836. There, he attended Hebrew school and the Kirtland Temple.

Johnson defended Smith from criticism on several occasions. But, in 1837, he became alienated from Smith, in part because of financial losses suffered in the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society. He was disfellowshipped at Kirtland on September 3, 1837. Johnson was later received back into fellowship for a short time, but in December 1837, he denounced Smith and resigned from the church. After leaving the church, Johnson moved to Cabell County, Virginia, where he taught at Marshall Academy and then studied medicine, ultimately setting up a medical practice in Kirtland. The church excommunicated Johnson in 1838 on charges of apostasy.

In 1846, after the death of Smith, Johnson requested permission to address an assembly of the saints in Nauvoo, Illinois. He said: "I have stopped by the wayside and stood aloof from the work of the Lord .... But my heart is with this people. I want to be associated with the saints, go with them into the wilderness and continue with them to the end." Johnson's brother-in-law, Orson Hyde, rebaptized him into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on March 8, 1846. However, he never again served in the higher councils of the church.

Johnson traveled with Brigham Young and Wilford Woodruff to the Salt Lake Valley, serving as a captain of ten, as part of the first group of 143 Mormon pioneers in July 1847. He also served as a Captain of Fifty in the Daniel A. Miller/John W. Cooley Company (1853), while traveling with members of his family. Johnson settled in St. John, Tooele County, Utah, where he served as bishop of a local LDS congregation. He is the only man in the church's history who served as a bishop after being a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. He died December 9, 1861, in the home of Orson Hyde in Salt Lake City and was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

title: Luke Johnson (Mormon)


text:
Talk:Ross Brawn

Contact
Does anyone know Ross Brawn fan mail address or email?

Money
Does anyone know how he made the money to buy Honda F1 and make them world champion? The article is silent on this issue.
 * I don't know for sure, but I would imagine he was fairly well paid during his (Championship-winning) years at Benetton and Ferrari. Plus I suspect Honda sold the team relatively cheaply, since it was costing them money to keep it going. DH85868993 (talk) 09:08, 23 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm a kind of insider of this. Honda was not being smart and they sold the entire team to him with only £1 so that he wouldn't have to pay extra tax. It effectively made him a billionaire in one day. Hope that's clear enough. Cheers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.116.247.11 (talk) 16:59, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

"Career"
Much of the material in this section is not about Brawn at all, but about the team he worked with, or other matters; I was tempted to delete, but this is not an area where I have sufficient knowledge to make radical changes. But someone needs to! Heenan73 (talk) 13:24, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Premature?
Good morning,

. I've been following this story, too. Your edit here seems a little premature, though. Would it be better to wait until rumours are confirmed or denied? See WP:SPECULATION. Regards,  Tony Holkham   (Talk)  09:47, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

 * , I have now undone this edit, as Brawn has denied the rumours anyway.  Tony Holkham   (Talk)  16:57, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

Support your edit --Hosgeorges! 16:37, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

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Contradictions
The Early life and family and Career sections don't add up. On the one hand, we have one section which says that Brawn started his career with "Frank Williams Grand Prix", but it isn't clear when this was, or whether this means Frank Williams Racing Cars or Williams Grand Prix Engineering. It mentions it being in Reading, but the latter was always based in Didcot (if I remember rightly) but I don't recall if Patrick Head (who supposedly interviewed him) had any involvement in the former. On the other had, we have a section which says that he started with March Engineering in 1976 and moved to Williams in 1978. The former section has no sources, while the latter refers only to a piece with a local newspaper, so I don't know how reliable that is.

What actually happened, and is it backed up by reliable sources? (There also are no sources for his childhood, education, etc.) --RFBailey (talk) 22:28, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:07, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * 1971-1975 Harwell Apprentices.jpg

title: Talk:Ross Brawn


text:
Talk:Hermann Tilke

Plagiarism / circular referencing
I'm a bit concerned that this article links to the Bleacher Report blog post as justification for the criticism of Mr. Tilke's course designs. While the criticism may be valid, this linked web page has problems.

Firstly it is written by a 19 year old blogger. I'm not saying that his views are not valid, but is there a more authoritative source of this criticism (e.g from a national newspaper, F1 commentator, racing driver, etc.)?

Secondly it looks like the blog post was generated by copying this Wikipedia entry (without acknowledging Wikipedia). It has the same structure and although there are slight differences in wording, there are frequently identical, unusual turns of phrase. It is inconceivable that both articles were created independently. Given that pages from Wikipedia with this format and phraseology appear to pre-date the blog post by some time, there is strong evidence that it is the blog-post which has plagiarised the Wikipedia article. To my mind this is another reason not to link to the blog-post - indeed the possibility that the blogger has simply lifted much of the text of his article from here and passed it off as his own throws further doubt on the appropriateness of using his blog post to justify a statement in this article. Bryces (talk) 23:58, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

I do not think that the cited article is either well written or well researched. It is full of factual errors, especially regarding the reasons for modifying Hockenheim. Hockenheim was modified following the track invasion by a disgruntled Mercedes employee. The forest section was removed deliberately, as it was impossible to police that part of the track. Furthermore, there has been praise of the modifications of the track. Martin Brundle has categorically stated he prefers the new version of the track during commentary for the BBC.

The article does not bring up the stringent FIA safety requirements for new circuits.

Finally, rather than presenting a thesis and antithesis, the article writer confesses his opinion during the piece: 'I think every track he has done so far is boring'

I am removing the statement and citation until someone can provide a better, more objective source. Alienturnedhuman (talk) 18:46, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Dublin Street Circuit
Should Dublin Street Circuit be removed from the List of Circuits? A1GP folded before the planed race, and it doesn't look like the circuit design was ever formally awarded to Tilke, let alone built.--The Three Headed Knight (talk) 15:33, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Monza, Barcelona and Fuji?
Are we sure about these three? Monza hasn't had any layout changes for many, many years. Unless Tilke was definitely involved with simplifying the Variante del Rettifilo, I say take this one off the list.

Barcelona has seen some minor changes, most notably the chicane before the final corner, but again: were these tweaks by Tilke?

Finally, Fuji has been remodelled many times but was the current layout done by Tilke? I don't remember hearing his name mentioned with this track, but of course I'm asking this exactly so that someone can prove me wrong, cite a source and improve the page! :) --SmartShark (talk) 22:13, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hermann Tilke


text:
Talk:Oregon Zoo

No mention of 1970 lion mauling
The Oregonian newspaper did a story on it sometime in 2007 or 2008. Its the only really bad thing that has happened at the zoo. A couple of drunk guys broke in one night and harassed some lions, who then attacked one of them, while the other ran away. The guy who was attacked was also partially eaten (something the Oregonian newspaper conveniently left out). The man who escaped returned some days later and killed the lion who killed his friend. It ought to be mentioned in the article. --98.232.180.37 (talk) 10:50, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

 * The anon editor made a detailed addition to List of unusual deaths with these references:
 * http://blog.oregonlive.com/breakingnews/2007/12/portlander_haunted_by_1970_lio.html
 * http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Alt/alt.true-crime/2007-12/msg03149.html
 * (The article addition appears to be a WP:copyvio of the second link, which is itself a copyvio and an unreliable source reprinting a December 28, 2007 Oregonian article.)
 * Given the problems with both these links, a citation would probably not stand. The information itself seems relevant though, particularly if some context can be assembled.  —EncMstr (talk) 08:38, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

COTW work
I've done some work, but here are somethings that still need work: That's what I can think of. Aboutmovies (talk) 08:25, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Continue to update, fill-out, and source the exhibits. Apparently Pacific Shores no longer exists (though it is on the map), and there are other exhibits not covered. I haven't touched the flooded forest, elephants, or primates sections.
 * Prose for the other attractions, likely eliminate the nearby attractions section as a stand alone section.
 * Create a section on the grounds to cover the nearby attractions, location of the zoo, general location of exhibits (i.e. nw corner, SE corner), non-animal items like the cafes/retail/picnic/amphitheater, and artwork.
 * History section: expand some, more referencing
 * Pictures, maybe a few of the zoo facilities to go with one to two more animal pics.

 * I was just there. Pacific Shores still very much exists.76.14.212.23 (talk) 05:17, 26 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm sure the exhibits still exist, but if you look at the link provided, they do not list the exhibit anymore and Steller Cove which is clearly included on the map as part of Pacific Shores is now listed as part of the GNW exhibit. And its been that way for awhile according to the internet archive. I guess its like they have it, but are not sure they want it. Aboutmovies (talk) 07:41, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Caption and Photos
I found this in a photo caption. In the infobox no less. This is a whole paragraph, not a caption. It is also not cited. I am saving it here so someone can put it into text where it is appropriate,a nd cite it (I don't have time right now).

"The Oregon Zoo has the world's most successful elephant breeding program. Here are the females in the herd (from left to right): Chendra, Shine, Rose-Tu. Chendra is the only Borneo Elephant in the United States, and Rose-Tu is the only surviving American-born elephant twin."

This article needs some photos of the zoo, not just animal closeups. The article is about the zoo, not about individual animals (we have separate articles for those if they are notable) or about the species (which also have their own articles. Don Lammers (talk) 15:15, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.oregonzoo.org/Exhibits/GreatNW/cascade_stream.htm
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Orphaned references in Oregon Zoo
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Oregon Zoo's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "waza_list": From San Diego Zoo:  From Los Angeles Zoo:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 16:45, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oregon Zoo


text:
User:Knifa

Men.

title: User:Knifa


text:
Terry Matthews

Sir Terence Hedley Matthews (born 6 June 1943) is a Welsh-Canadian business magnate, serial high-tech entrepreneur, and Wales' first billionaire. He was the richest man in Wales until 2012, when he was surpassed by Sir Michael Moritz.

He has founded or funded over 100 companies in the high-tech communications field, most notably Mitel and Newbridge Networks. He is the chairman of Wesley Clover and the Swansea Bay City Region board. He owns the Celtic Manor Resort, KRP Properties, the Brookstreet Hotel, and the Marshes Golf Club.

Early life
Matthews was born in Newport, South Wales, at the then Lydia Beynon Maternity Hospital. Matthews returned as an adult to include the manor house that housed the hospital within the Celtic Manor Resort. He grew up in the town of Newbridge, Caerphilly. He studied at Swansea University and received a bachelor's degree in Electronics in 1969.

Career
After an apprenticeship at British Telecom's research lab at Martlesham Heath, Matthews left Britain and joined MicroSystems International, a chipmaking operation affiliated with Northern Telecom (which became Nortel Networks) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Mitel
Matthews' first enterprise was started in collaboration with fellow Briton and Microsystems employee Michael Cowpland in 1972. To raise seed money for future enterprises they had planned, the pair intended to import and sell electric lawnmowers built in the UK. Conventionally, and from accounts by Matthews, the name Mitel is thought to be a contraction of "Mike and Terry Lawnmowers". However, Cowpland is quoted as saying that it stands for "Mike and Terry ELectronics". This first endeavour was a fiasco; the shipping company carrying the first batch lost the container. When the lawnmowers finally arrived, the ground was covered with snow in the Canadian winter and no one would buy them. Matthews later said "That taught me a key lesson – the importance of timing. The shipping company lost the lawnmowers! By the time they showed up no-one wanted them, as you can't cut grass when it's covered with snow."

Mitel became a technology consultancy company run from home to the various companies around Ottawa's emerging high-tech district. Mitel's clients included the National Research Council, the Communications Research Centre, and a handful of pioneering start-ups including SHL Systemhouse, which was later purchased by EDS and now is part of HP and Quasar Systems (now Cognos).

Obtaining funding from a $4,000 bank loan, as well as from their own savings and a group of angel investors (notably Kent Plumley), the two developed a telephony DTMF tone receiver based on Cowpland's PhD thesis. This was a major advance in the technology, since they were able to sell receivers at a fraction of the cost of competing versions, while gaining returns of 1000%. Additionally, Mitel later became a chip manufacturer with the acquisition of the Silek foundry in Bromont, Quebec.

Later, the pair realized that the then-new technology of microprocessors and other semiconductor devices would make a similar change in the market for small PBXs. The SX200 PBX launched to immense success, being cheaper to purchase, quicker to install and far more functional. Mitel became one of the more successful manufacturers of small PBX systems and telecom semiconductors in the world, floating on the New York Stock Exchange in 1981.

In 1985, British Telecom bought a controlling interest in Mitel. Cowpland would later form the company that became Corel, and Matthews later founded Newbridge Networks.

Newbridge Networks
In 1986, Matthews drove Newbridge to become a leader in the worldwide data networking industry, manufacturing data communications products, especially ATM devices and routers. In 2000 the company employed more than 6,500 employees with recorded FY 1999 revenue of $1.8 billion. Later in 2000, Newbridge was acquired by Alcatel for $7.1 billion. Matthews' personal stake in Newbridge was valued at over a billion dollars, and as a result of the transaction he became the largest single shareholder in Alcatel.

Return to Mitel
In 2000, he reacquired the Mitel PBX business and company name, taking it private. He has invested heavily ($600 million by 2006) in Mitel to turn it into a broadband communications company. The company has made significant investments in enterprise Voice over IP telephony technology. Mitel's manufacturing business was spun off as BreconRidge. The company acquired Intertel in April 2007. Mitel went public again in 2010. Mitel announced the purchase of Aastra Technologies in November 2013. Mitel announced the purchase of Mavenir Systems in March 2015. Mitel announced the purchase of Polycom in April 2016, however, the deal fell through and Polycom instead merged with private equity firm Siris Capital Group. In July 2017, Mitel announced they had reached a deal to buy ShoreTel for $430 million, increasing the size of the company to 4,200 employees. On 24 April 2018, the company announced it would be bought by an investor group led by Searchlight Capital Partners.

Other businesses

 * Wesley Clover – Matthews is the founder and chairman of the investment group. Headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Wesley Clover has offices in the United States, United Kingdom, India, China and Russia.  Investments in Information and communication technologies, digital media, and real estate.
 * Celtic Manor Resort - A 5* resort with a golf club attached to it, in Newport, South Wales
 * KRP Properties - Matthews company which manages land and buildings in the Kanata North Business Park
 * March Networks - Provider of IP video solutions. IPO on 27 April 2005. This venture was the first successful high tech IPO in the Ottawa area since 1999.
 * Bridgewater Systems – a software company enabling mobile service providers to personalize, manage, and deliver applications. Acquired by Amdocs in June 2011 for $215 Million
 * Ubiquity Software – Developer of SIP/IMS Application Server software platform, which was acquired by Avaya in Feb 2007 for about U.S. $150M and is the basis of Avaya's next generation solutions.
 * Convedia – a maker of VoIP/IMS Media Servers, which was acquired by RadiSys in 2006 for $US 105 Million and is the basis of Radisys' MediaEngine solutions.
 * Celtic House – Matthews and Roger Maggs co-founded Celtic House International Corporation (CHIC) in 1994. The objective was to invest in emerging high technology companies, primarily in the UK and Canada. In 2002, CHIC was re-structured to form Celtic House Venture Partners, a limited partnership owned and managed independent of Matthews.
 * Newport Networks - a maker of large carrier-grade session border controllers. On 18 March 2009, Newport Networks, with its two remaining employees, de-listed from the AIM. This is despite having announced twelve months earlier that the company had signed a major OEM agreement which was expected to substantially increase its product sales. The company has subsequently been wound up and liquidated.
 * Alacrity Incubator and Accelerator Program - Matthews founded Alacrity in 2009 along with his son, Owen Matthews, and Simon Gibson. Alacrity is a non-profit organization aimed at connecting established Western Canadian companies with venture capitalists and investment firms.

Additionally, Matthews serves on the board of directors for a number of high tech companies including Solace (formerly Solace Systems), and chairs CounterPath Corporation and Benbria Corporation.

Wales
Matthews spends a considerable amount of time in his native Wales, working on such ventures as the Celtic Manor Resort, a leisure complex in Newport, near the south Wales coast, chosen to host the 2010 Ryder Cup golf tournament and the 2014 NATO summit. The Celtic Manor hosted the ISPS Handa Wales Open for 15 years. The original Celtic Manor Hotel was formerly a maternity hospital and is Matthews' birthplace.

Matthews bought Celtic Manor in 1980, ploughing £100m into the project. Firstly the 19th century Manor House was renovated, while in 1991 plans were unveiled to develop two new golf courses and a convention centre between the manor and the River Usk. Matthews had become friends with golf course architect, the late Robert Trent Jones Snr, whose family roots were in Aberystwyth. Work began on the 'Roman Road' course in 1992, named after the main route connecting the former Roman fortress of Caerleon with the town of Caerwent, which crosses the land. In 1994 the 4,000-yard 'Coldra Woods' golf course was started, as well as the £10m golf clubhouse hotel.

Celtic Manor was Hotel of the Year in 2002, and won two European Design Awards in 2001 - one for the interior designers, Goff Associates, and one for its spa from the International Spa Association. Matthews commented that: "I think the resort can act as a magnet to draw new investment into Wales from across the UK and overseas. I did my best to put up a building that you can see from the West End of London and I didn't come far short of it!".

In September 2014, Matthews was appointed chairman of the Swansea Bay City Region Board. The Swansea Bay City Region Board is backing a Swansea Tidal Lagoon project.

In January 2016, he purchased the Hilton Hotel in Newport, which has since undergone significant renovation, and has been incorporated into the Celtic Manor Resort Collection as the Coldra Court Hotel.

Philanthropy
Matthews founded the Wesley Clover Foundation, a not-for-profit, philanthropic corporation that supports entrepreneurship, healthcare, education, and community initiatives. The foundation leased the properties formerly known as the Nepean National Equestrian Park and the Ottawa Municipal Campground to create Wesley Clover Parks. Matthews hosts an annual gala, Lumière, that has raised over $1 million for charity.

Honours
Matthews was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1994 Birthday Honours for services to the communications industry.

In 1998, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng).

On 16 June 2001, he was conferred the honour of Knight Bachelor in the 2001 Birthday Honours for services to Industry and to Wales. He was knighted by HM The Queen at an investiture in Buckingham Palace.

Matthews has received honorary doctorates from the University of Wales (Glamorgan and Swansea) and Carleton University. In 2006, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Engineering) from the University of Bath.

In 2011, he was appointed Patron of the Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute at Cardiff University.

On 29 December 2017, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC) in the 2018 Canadian honours,  for his exceptional achievements as a high-tech entrepreneur and investor, and for his contributions to community development through charitable endeavours. He was invested by the Governor General of Canada at Rideau Hall on 20 November 2018.

Personal life
His daughter, Karen, is executive director at Wesley Clover Parks. His son Owen lives in Victoria, British Columbia, is a General Partner at Wesley Clover, and is founder and chairman of the Alacrity Foundation. His youngest son Trevor is an actor, founder and CEO of Brookstreet Pictures.

title: Terry Matthews


text:
Handa

Handa may refer to:

Places

 * Handa, Aichi, Japan
 * Handa, Tokushima, Japan
 * Handa Island, Scotland

Other uses

 * Handa (surname), a Japanese surname
 * Handa, a khatri (kashtriya) surname
 * Handa or Katanga Cross, a copper ingot once used as currency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

title: Handa


text:
Skit

Skit may refer to:

 * A short segment in a performance, such as:
 * Sketch comedy
 * Hip hop skit
 * Puppet skit
 * Promo (professional wrestling)
 * Skit note, parody of a banknote
 * Skit note, parody of a banknote

title: Skit


text:
Sing When You're Winning

Sing When You're Winning is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 28 August 2000 in the United Kingdom by Chrysalis Records and in the United States by Capitol Records. Following the critical and commercial success of I've Been Expecting You (1998), the North American release of The Ego Has Landed (1999) and the subsequent promotional tours for both albums, Williams reteamed with producers Guy Chambers and Steve Power to create new material for his next record. Whereas I've Been Expecting You used the Britpop genre for its overall sound, Sing When You're Winning incorporates a more post-millennial dance-pop approach while utilizing classic British rock elements.

The album garnered positive reviews from critics. Sing When You're Winning debuted at number one in the UK, Germany, Ireland and New Zealand, as well as the top 10 in countries like Australia, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland. It spawned six singles: "Rock DJ", "Kids" (with Kylie Minogue), "Supreme", "Let Love Be Your Energy", "Eternity / The Road to Mandalay" and "Better Man".

Background and content
Following the 1998 release of his album I've Been Expecting You, and in the middle of promotion and touring in 1999, Williams found time to start the work on what would be his third studio album.

The sound of the album was described as seeing Williams move "farther away from the increasingly dated visions of Oasis-style Britpop to embrace post-millennial dance-pop, complete with the bruising beats and extroverted productions to match." The album features a variety of styles, "conjuring a panoply of classic British rock touchstones like psychedelia, slick country rock, Ian Dury, the Who, Elton John, and Madchester."

The album's title is a reference to a popular football chant of the same name that goes to the tune of "Guantanamera", Williams being a fan of Port Vale. The cover art features multiple images of Williams celebrating winning a trophy at Chelsea's stadium Stamford Bridge.

Initial releases do not feature Williams' name or the album title on the front cover, no track listing featured on the back cover; these were all changed for future releases. The images were taken by photographer Paul M. Smith and, along with Williams' complete football strip, were later sold at auction to raise money for his charity Give It Sum. Williams toured the United Kingdom with Kylie Minogue in October and November 2000 to promote the album, selling out in every venue.

The album contains a hidden message put on the album for humorous intent. After 24 minutes of silence following track 12, "The Road to Mandalay" (4:08 - 28:08), a spoken message from Williams saying "No, I'm not doing one on this album" is heard, which means that no hidden track on the album. This is a reference to how Williams' past three albums (including the compilation album The Ego Has Landed) each contain hidden tracks at the end of the album.

Commercial reception
When the album was released on 28 August 2000, it immediately became a hit in the United Kingdom, debuting at number-one and being certified 2× Platinum in the first week of release. The album also topped the charts in New Zealand, Ireland and Germany, and secured top ten placings in Argentina, Austria, Australia, Finland, Mexico, Sweden, Switzerland. Sing When You're Winning failed to reach the top 20 in Spain, reaching number 22. The album spent 91 weeks on the UK chart, going on to sell 2.4 million copies in the UK alone, being certified 8× Platinum by the BPI. The album became the best-selling album of 2000 in the UK, and the 51st-best-selling album in UK music history. The album found little success in the United States, however, peaking at 110 in the Billboard 200.

Critical reception
Initial critical response to Sing When You're Winning was positive. From Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 69, based on 11 reviews.

Singles

 * "Rock DJ" was released as the album's first single. The song was inspired by Williams' UNICEF mentor, the late Ian Dury. The video was censored by Top of the Pops for its gore content, with many other channels following suit. Controversy ensued in the United Kingdom and many other countries, with the video showing Williams tearing chunks of skin and muscle from his body while performing a strip show, in an attempt to get noticed by a group of women. The track became an instant hit around the globe, hitting number one in the United Kingdom, becoming his third number-one single as a solo artist and exactly a year after his sell-out concert at Slane Castle. The song also reached number-one in Ireland, New Zealand, Mexico and Argentina and hit top-ten placings across Europe, Australasia and Latin America. Despite its worldwide success the song failed to break into the United States charts, although it did get some TV airplay on MTV and VH1. The song went on to win several awards including "Best Song of 2000" at the MTV Europe Music Awards, "Best Single of the Year" at the Brit Awards and an MTV Video Music Award for Best Special Effects. It went on to sell over 600,000 copies in the UK alone, and was certified Platinum by the BPI.
 * "Kids", a collaboration with Australian pop icon Kylie Minogue, was released as the album's second single. The track was written when Minogue approached Williams to write some songs for her debut Parlophone album Light Years. Williams decided to include the track on his album and released it as a single, becoming an instant hit upon release in October of that year. The song hit number two in the United Kingdom and snared top 10 placings in Australia, New Zealand, Latvia, Mexico and several other countries. One of the biggest hits of 2000, "Kids" sold over 200,000 copies in the UK alone and was certified Silver.
 * "Supreme" was released as the album's third single, and was promoted in various countries by several international-language versions, including versions of the song in French and Spanish.
 * "Let Love Be Your Energy" was released as the album's fourth single, and was the first Robbie Williams music video not to feature Williams himself. Instead, the video was animated and featured Williams attempting to outrun a volcano.
 * "Eternity", a track that was not featured on the album, was released in the summer of 2001 backed with "The Road to Mandalay", a song which appears as the final track from the album. "Eternity" was written by Williams in what he called "the most amazing summer ever". After years of non-stop work he took a month off and recorded this track, which became his fourth number-one single in the United Kingdom, selling over 70,000 copies in its first week. It also became a top ten hit all over Europe.
 * "Better Man" was released as the album's sixth and final single, exclusively in Australia and New Zealand. The single was released to relative success there.

Track listing

 * All the tracks produced by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes.

 * Vocals

 * Robbie Williams – vocals (all tracks), backing vocals (7)
 * Kylie Minogue – vocals (5)
 * Crystal Adams – backing vocals (4)
 * Andre Barreau – backing vocals (7)
 * Andy Caine – backing vocals (1, 3, 8, 12)
 * Dave Catlin-Birch – backing vocals (1, 2, 7)
 * Guy Chambers – backing vocals (12)
 * Derek Green – backing vocals (3)
 * Marielle Hervé – backing vocals (4)
 * Katie Kissoon – backing vocals (3, 5)
 * Sylvia Mason-James – backing vocals (3, 5, 10)
 * Steve McEwan – backing vocals (1, 2, 7, 12)
 * Tessa Niles – backing vocals (3, 5, 10)
 * Gary Nuttall – backing vocals (1, 2, 5–7, 10, 11)
 * Pauline Taylor – backing vocals (9)
 * Claire Worrall – backing vocals (1, 5, 7, 9–11)

 * Instrumentation

 * Dave Bishop – saxophone (3)
 * Winston Blissett – bass guitar (3, 9)
 * Pauline Boeykens – tuba (12)
 * Dave Catlin-Birch – bass guitar (2, 6, 7, 11, 12), 12-string electric guitar (7)
 * Guy Chambers – keyboards, guitar, piano (2, 6, 12), synthesizer, organ (12), clavinet (12), omnichord (12)
 * Pete Davies – keyboards (9)
 * Alex Dickson – electric guitar (10), autoharp (12)
 * Melvin Duffy – pedal steel guitar (6, 12)
 * Andy Duncan – percussion (1, 2)
 * Fil Eisler – bass guitar (1, 10)
 * Mark Feltham – harmonica (10)
 * Edgar Herzog – clarinet (12)
 * Bob Lanese – trumpet (12)
 * Brad Lang – bass guitar, double bass (8)
 * Steve McEwan – electric guitar (10)
 * Gary Nuttall – electric banjo (6)
 * Phil Palmer – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, 12-string guitar (2)
 * Steve Power – vocoder (3), glockenspiel (12)
 * Chris Sharrock – drums (1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 12), ambient kit (4), percussion (5)
 * Neil Sidwell – trombone (3)
 * Steve Sidwell – trumpet (3)
 * Phil Spalding – bass guitar (1, 4, 5)
 * Jeremy Stacey – drums (7, 11)
 * Neil Taylor – acoustic guitar (4), electric guitar

 * Technical

 * Guy Chambers – production, arranger, orchestration (2, 11)
 * Steve Power – production, mixing
 * Jim Brumby – programming, Pro Tools (5, 7, 10, 12)
 * Pete Davies – drum programming (9)
 * Andy Duncan – drum programming (1, 3–5, 7–10, 12), Pro Tools (12)
 * Richard Flack – drum programming (4, 7, 9), Pro Tools (all tracks)
 * Nick Ingman – orchestration (1, 3, 4, 8, 11)
 * Steve Price – orchestral engineering (2–4, 8, 11)
 * Savvas Iossifidis – engineering
 * Richard Woodcraft – engineering
 * David Naughton – assistant mix engineering
 * Tony Cousins – mastering

title: Sing When You're Winning


text: User talk:68.0.232.17

title: User talk:68.0.232.17


text: User talk:67.87.214.128

title: User talk:67.87.214.128


text: User talk:65.27.78.186

title: User talk:65.27.78.186


text:
Category:Indian monarchs

This category lists significant emperors, rayas, kings, sultans, princes, etc. who ruled over a territory of India. This does not include the British royals which ruled over India before 1947.

title: Category:Indian monarchs


text:
The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles

The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to "Julie Andrews Edwards".

Plot summary
Three siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better known as Lindy), meet Professor Savant while visiting the zoo one rainy day. On Halloween, Lindy gets dared by her brother to knock on the spookiest house on the block for a quarter, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at the Professor's house, where he introduces them to games of concentration and observation. He reveals that there is a magic land called Whangdoodleland that can only be reached through the imagination, and that he is training them to accompany him there.

Whangdoodleland is the home of the last Whangdoodle that lived in the world. Once the Whangdoodle, and other creatures that are now considered imaginary, lived in our world. However, fearing that people were losing their imaginations in the pursuit of power and greed, the Whangdoodle created a magic and peaceful world over which he reigns. The professor and the children explore this world.

Each time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the "Oily Prock", does not want them to disturb His Highness, and sets up a number of traps, both in Whangdoodleland and the real world to prevent this meeting. He enlists the marvelous and funny creatures of the land in his effort, including the High Behind Splintercat, the Sidewinders, the Oinck, the Gazooks, the Tree Squeaks, and the Swamp Gaboons. The children use their imaginations, intelligence, and the friendship of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps.

The kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it.

Reception
At the time of the book's publication, Judith Viorst said of the book in the New York Times, "Unfortunately, Julie (Andrews) Edwards is more committed to improving her young readers than she is to entertaining them, and her book is sunk by an overload of virtue."

Author Aimee Bender cites the book as one of the books that sticks with her most from childhood.


text:
Wikipedia:Entertainment Collaboration of the week/Removed

This page contains nominations from the main Entertainment Collaboration of the week page which have been removed due to lack of votes or because they're unsuitable nominations. If no reason is given for the removal of a nominated article, assume that there was not a sufficient amount of votes for it to proceed. Successful nominations are listed at the history page.

Total Request Live

 * Nominated October 6; needs 5 votes by October 13 (minimum 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Tommy T 04:53, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A cornerstone in MTV. It deserves more than a few sentences. Tommy T 04:53, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't know there's much more that could be said about TRL than what's there other than listing more of the VJ's. And is Carson Daly still considered the host?  It's been ages since I've seen him there.  PedanticallySpeaking 16:35, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

Terrahawks

 * Nominated October 6; needs 5 votes by October 13 (minimum 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) violet/riga (t) 07:18, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Great Gerry Anderson supermarionation and nothing written about it at all.

The Adventures of Shirley Holmes or Shirley Holmes

 * Nominated October 6; needs 5 votes by October 13 (minimum 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:25, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A TV show that had world-wide success, even during reruns, should deserve an article in wikipedia. The show was partly responsible for the renewed interest in detective shows with young audiences. It also contributed to the career of young Canadian actors like Brendan Fletcher, Blair Slater and Meredith Henderson who all went on to work in the business. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 07:25, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Cold Case

 * ''Nominated October 10; needs 5 votes by October 17 (minimum, 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Ambi 07:06, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 15:31, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Current. Popular. Screening in multiple countries. Absolutely dismal stub. Ambi 07:06, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The fact that it's current would make this easy for people to contribute to. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]]

It's a Royal Knockout

 * ''Nominated October 8; needs 5 votes by October 15 (minimum, 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Dmn / [[User talk:Dmn|Դմն ]] 15:52, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) PlasmaDragon 19:15, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Party of Five

 * ''Nominated October 10; needs 5 votes by October 17 (minimum, 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Ambi 07:06, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) ZayZayEM 09:33, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:33, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) PedanticallySpeaking 16:33, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Long-running. Internationally popular. Not a dire stub as such, but still overly short, with a lot of room to expand. Ambi 07:06, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Somebody needs to give one of these a second vote. This is the only one I've really ever had a passing fascination with (that violin chick was hot)--ZayZayEM 09:33, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I added a couple facts to this, such as what city it was set in (a glaring omission). While it never topped the Nielsens, it was a critical favorite and had a devoted following, we certainly could afford it more lineage.  (And the gal with the violin, Lacey Chabert, was hot even if she was helium-voiced.)  PedanticallySpeaking 16:33, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

Walker, Texas Ranger

 * Nominated October 17th; needs 5 votes by October 24rd (minimum 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Cordell Walker 04:36, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) ZayZayEM 12:20, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) NeoJustin 02:43, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Walker, Texas Ranger is perhaps the most influential television drama of the 20th century, yet it's wikipedia article still needs a lot of work. The public needs to be informed on the subject of this show and Chuck Norris needs to be compensated more for his role in this monumental show.
 * almost as good as MacGyver.

Six Feet Under

 * Nominated October 19; needs 5 votes by October 26 (minimum 5 votes per week)

Support:
 * 1) Conti|✉ 16:28, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Cordell Walker 00:44, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Wonderfool 12:08, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Silverfish 20:49, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Great show, needs more input!


text:
Benelli Nova

The Benelli Nova is a pump action shotgun, used for hunting and self-defense. It has a one-piece receiver and buttstock, made of steel-reinforced polymer.

Technical specifications
Two main models are available as well as one variant.

Hunting
This model is available with a variety of barrel and sight configurations, most intended for hunting and/or trap/skeet shooting. It is made in both Matte and camouflage finishes. Barrels may be rifled or smoothbore, and are usually 24", 26", or 28" long. This model is available in 12 gauge or 20 gauge. Five types of chokes are available. Typically sold with improved modified and full, internal chokes. extended aftermarket chokes available.

Tactical
This model is intended for defensive purposes. With an 18½" barrel, and rifle or ghost- ring (diopter) sights, it is easier to wield and quicker to sight than hunting models. This barrel is smoothbore, and not tapped for chokes, reducing its versatility and rendering it less accurate at longer ranges. A slightly different model labeled the is similar, with the exception of an electroless nickel finish replacing the standard black coating. This model is 12 gauge only.

Supernova
This model incorporates a removable stock that can be replaced by a pistol-grip stock. This model has a bigger trigger set.

title: Benelli Nova


text:
Query by humming

Query by humming (QbH) is a music retrieval system that branches off the original classification systems of title, artist, composer, and genre. It normally applies to songs or other music with a distinct single theme or melody. The system involves taking a user-hummed or whistled melody (input query) and comparing it to an existing database. The system then returns a ranked list of music closest to the input query.

One example of this would be a system involving a portable media player with a built-in microphone that allows for faster searching through media files.

The MPEG-7 standard includes provisions for QbH music searches.

Examples of QbH systems include ACRCloud, SoundHound, Musipedia, Tunebot and Google Search.

title: Query by humming


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Main Stream Insanity

Main Stream Insanity was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 5 votes to delete. Postdlf 06:35, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Main Stream Insanity
Delete nonnotable webcomic created last month. Postdlf 22:29, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. —tregoweth 22:58, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete until there is potential to become encyclopedic — siro  χ  o  23:07, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable --Improv 02:45, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 22:25 Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:George Abecassis

Copyvios etc.
The article was lifted almost verbatim from the georgeabecassis.com website and will have to be entirely rewritten now that I have removed all the offending material. Hope someone has time to do justice to the subject of this bio. Writegeist (talk) 02:31, 5 August 2016 (UTC) Update: Best solution would be to rv to this version, i.e. before its content was replaced by User:LordAnon of Essex's wholesale copyvio. I tried but the edit was disallowed because of Persondata problems that I don't know how to fix. Writegeist (talk) 03:26, 5 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Update #2: have now reverted as suggested above. Writegeist (talk) 03:36, 5 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:George Abecassis


text: Talk:Kenny Acheson

title: Talk:Kenny Acheson


text:
Talk:Philippe Adams

Article auto assessed
This article has been automatically assessed per request. It was found to be a stub because F1-bio-stub was found on the article page. MonoBot (talk) 19:43, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Philippe Adams. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070926234056/http://f1rejects.com/drivers/adams/biography.html to http://www.f1rejects.com/drivers/adams/biography.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060809022446/http://www.f1rejects.com:80/drivers/adams/index.html to http://www.f1rejects.com/drivers/adams/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:27, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philippe Adams


text:
Talk:Kurt Adolff

Article auto assessed
This article has been automatically assessed per request. It was found to be a stub because F1-bio-stub was found on the article page. MonoBot (talk) 19:43, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kurt Adolff


text:
Palazzo Pitti

The Palazzo Pitti, in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy. It is situated on the south side of the River Arno, a short distance from the Ponte Vecchio. The core of the present palazzo dates from 1458 and was originally the town residence of Luca Pitti, an ambitious Florentine banker.

The palace was bought by the Medici family in 1549 and became the chief residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It grew as a great treasure house as later generations amassed paintings, plates, jewelry and luxurious possessions.

In the late 18th century, the palazzo was used as a power base by Napoleon and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy. The palace and its contents were donated to the Italian people by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1919.

The palazzo is now the largest museum complex in Florence. The principal palazzo block, often in a building of this design known as the corps de logis, is 32,000 square metres. It is divided into several principal galleries or museums detailed below.

Early history

The construction of this severe and forbidding building was commissioned in 1458 by the Florentine banker Luca Pitti (1398–1472), a principal supporter and friend of Cosimo de' Medici. The early history of the Palazzo Pitti is a mixture of fact and myth. Pitti is alleged to have instructed that the windows be larger than the entrance of the Palazzo Medici. The 16th-century art historian Giorgio Vasari proposed that Brunelleschi was the palazzo's architect, and that his pupil Luca Fancelli was merely his assistant in the task, but today it is Fancelli who is generally credited. Besides obvious differences from the elder architect's style, Brunelleschi died 12 years before construction of the palazzo began. The design and fenestration suggest that the unknown architect was more experienced in utilitarian domestic architecture than in the humanist rules defined by Alberti in his book De Re Aedificatoria.

Though impressive, the original palazzo would have been no rival to the Florentine Medici residences in terms of either size or content. Whoever the architect of the Palazzo Pitti was, he was moving against the contemporary flow of fashion. The rusticated stonework gives the palazzo a severe and powerful atmosphere, reinforced by the three-times-repeated series of seven arch-headed apertures, reminiscent of a Roman aqueduct. The Roman-style architecture appealed to the Florentine love of the new style all'antica. This original design has withstood the test of time: the repetitive formula of the façade was continued during the subsequent additions to the palazzo, and its influence can be seen in numerous 16th-century imitations and 19th-century revivals. Work stopped after Pitti suffered financial losses following the death of Cosimo de' Medici in 1464. Luca Pitti died in 1472 with the building unfinished.

The Medici
The building was sold in 1549 to Eleonora di Toledo. Raised at the luxurious court of Naples, Eleonora was the wife of Cosimo I de' Medici of Tuscany, later the Grand Duke. On moving into the palace, Cosimo had Vasari enlarge the structure to fit his tastes; the palace was more than doubled by the addition of a new block along the rear. Vasari also built the Vasari Corridor, an above-ground walkway from Cosimo's old palace and the seat of government, the Palazzo Vecchio, through the Uffizi, above the Ponte Vecchio to the Palazzo Pitti. This enabled the Grand Duke and his family to move easily and safely from their official residence to the Palazzo Pitti. Initially the Palazzo Pitti was used mostly for lodging official guests and for occasional functions of the court, while the Medicis' principal residence remained the Palazzo Vecchio. It was not until the reign of Eleonora's son Francesco I and his wife Johanna of Austria that the palazzo was occupied on a permanent basis and became home to the Medicis' art collection.

Land on the Boboli hill at the rear of the palazzo was acquired in order to create a large formal park and gardens, today known as the Boboli Gardens. The landscape architect employed for this was the Medici court artist Niccolò Tribolo, who died the following year; he was quickly succeeded by Bartolommeo Ammanati. The original design of the gardens centred on an amphitheatre, behind the corps de logis of the palazzo. The first play recorded as performed there was Andria by Terence in 1476. It was followed by many classically inspired plays of Florentine playwrights such as Giovan Battista Cini. Performed for the amusement of the cultivated Medici court, they featured elaborate sets designed by the court architect Baldassarre Lanci.

The cortile and extensions

With the garden project well in hand, Ammanati turned his attentions to creating a large courtyard immediately behind the principal façade, to link the palazzo to its new garden. This courtyard has heavy-banded channelled rustication that has been widely copied, notably for the Parisian palais of Marie de' Medici, the Luxembourg. In the principal façade Ammanati also created the finestre inginocchiate ("kneeling" windows, in reference to their imagined resemblance to a prie-dieu, a device of Michelangelo's), replacing the entrance bays at each end. During the years 1558–70, Ammanati created a monumental staircase to lead with more pomp to the piano nobile, and he extended the wings on the garden front that embraced a courtyard excavated into the steeply sloping hillside at the same level as the piazza in front, from which it was visible through the central arch of the basement. On the garden side of the courtyard Amannati constructed a grotto, called the "grotto of Moses" on account of the porphyry statue that inhabits it. On the terrace above it, level with the piano nobile windows, Ammanati constructed a fountain centered on the axis; it was later replaced by the Fontana del Carciofo ("Fountain of the Artichoke"), designed by Giambologna's former assistant, Francesco Susini, and completed in 1641.

In 1616, a competition was held to design extensions to the principal urban façade by three bays at either end. Giulio Parigi won the commission; work on the north side began in 1618, and on the south side in 1631 by Alfonso Parigi. During the 18th century, two perpendicular wings were constructed by the architect Giuseppe Ruggeri to enhance and stress the widening of via Romana, which creates a piazza centered on the façade, the prototype of the cour d'honneur that was copied in France. Sporadic lesser additions and alterations were made for many years thereafter under other rulers and architects.

To one side of the gardens is the bizarre grotto designed by Bernardo Buontalenti. The lower façade was begun by Vasari but the architecture of the upper storey is subverted by "dripping" pumice stalactites with the Medici coat of arms at the centre. The interior is similarly poised between architecture and nature; the first chamber has copies of Michelangelo's four unfinished slaves emerging from the corners which seem to carry the vault with an open oculus at its centre and painted as a rustic bower with animals, figures and vegetation. Figures, animals and trees made of stucco and rough pumice adorn the lower walls. A short passage leads to a small second chamber and to a third which has a central fountain with Giambologna's Venus in the centre of the basin, peering fearfully over her shoulder at the four satyrs spitting jets of water at her from the edge.

Houses of Lorraine and Savoy
The palazzo remained the principal Medici residence until Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, the last of the male Medici line, died in 1737. It was then occupied briefly by his sister, the elderly Electress Palatine; on her death, the Medici dynasty became extinct and the palazzo passed to the new Grand Dukes of Tuscany, the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine, in the person of Francis III. The Austrian tenancy was briefly interrupted by Napoleon, who used the palazzo during his period of control over Italy.

When Tuscany passed from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to the House of Savoy in 1860, the Palazzo Pitti was included. After the Risorgimento, when Florence was briefly the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II resided in the palazzo until 1871. His grandson, Victor Emmanuel III, presented the palazzo to the nation in 1919. The palazzo and other buildings in the Boboli Gardens were then divided into five separate art galleries and a museum, housing not only many of its original contents, but priceless artefacts from many other collections acquired by the state. The 140 rooms open to the public are part of an interior, which is in large part a later product than the original portion of the structure, mostly created in two phases, one in the 17th century and the other in the early 18th century. Some earlier interiors remain, and there are still later additions such as the Throne Room. In 2005 the surprise discovery of forgotten 18th-century bathrooms in the palazzo revealed remarkable examples of contemporary plumbing very similar in style to the bathrooms of the 21st century.

Palatine Gallery

The Palatine Gallery, the main gallery of Palazzo Pitti, contains a large ensemble of over 500 principally Renaissance paintings, which were once part of the Medicis' and their successors' private art collection. The gallery, which overflows into the royal apartments, contains works by Raphael, Titian, Perugino (Lamentation over the Dead Christ), Correggio, Peter Paul Rubens, and Pietro da Cortona. The character of the gallery is still that of a private collection, and the works of art are displayed and hung much as they would have been in the grand rooms for which they were intended rather than following a chronological sequence, or arranged according to school of art.

The finest rooms were decorated by Pietro da Cortona in the high baroque style. Initially Cortona frescoed a small room on the piano nobile called the Sala della Stufa with a series depicting the Four Ages of Man which were very well received; the Age of Gold and Age of Silver were painted in 1637, followed in 1641 by the Age of Bronze and Age of Iron. They are regarded among his masterpieces. The artist was subsequently asked to fresco the grand ducal reception rooms; a suite of five rooms at the front of the palazzo. In these five Planetary Rooms, the hierarchical sequence of the deities is based on Ptolomeic cosmology; Venus, Apollo, Mars, Jupiter (the Medici Throne room) and Saturn, but minus Mercury and the Moon which should have come before Venus. These highly ornate ceilings with frescoes and elaborate stucco work essentially celebrate the Medici lineage and the bestowal of virtuous leadership. Cortona left Florence in 1647, and his pupil and collaborator, Ciro Ferri, completed the cycle by the 1660s. They were to inspire the later Planet Rooms at Louis XIV's Palace of Versailles, designed by Charles Le Brun.

The collection was first opened to the public in the late 18th century, albeit rather reluctantly, by Grand Duke Leopold I, Tuscany's first enlightened ruler, keen to obtain popularity after the demise of the Medici.

Rooms of Palatine Gallery

The Palatine Gallery has 28 rooms, among them:
 * Room of Castagnoli: named after the painter of the ceiling frescoes. In this room are exposed Portraits of the Medici and Lorraine ruling families, and the Table of the Muses, a masterwork of stone-inlaid table realized by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure between 1837 and 1851.
 * Room of the Ark: contains a painting by Giovan Battista Caracciolo (17th century). In 1816, the ceiling was frescoed by Luigi Ademollo with Transportation of the Ark of the Covenant Containing the Tablets of the Law.
 * Room of Psyche: was named after ceiling frescoes by Giuseppe Collignon; it contains paintings by Salvator Rosa from 1640–1650.
 * Hall of Poccetti: The frescoes on the vault were once ascribed to Bernardino Poccetti, but now attributed to Matteo Rosselli. In the center of the hall is a table (1716) commissioned by Cosimo III. In the hall are also some works by Rubens and Pontormo.
 * Room of Prometheus: was named after the subject of the frescoes by Collignon (19th century) and contains a large collection of round-shaped paintings: among them is the Madonna with the Child by Filippino Lippi (15th century), two portraits by Botticelli and paintings by Pontormo and Domenico Beccafumi.
 * Room of Justice: has a ceiling frescoed by Antonio Fedi (1771–1843), and displays portraits (16th century) by Titian, Tintoretto and Paolo Veronese.
 * Room of Ulysses: was frescoed in 1815 by Gaspare Martellini, it contains early works by Filippino Lippi and Raphael.
 * Room of Iliad: contains the Madonna of the Family Panciatichi and the Madonna Passerini (c. 1522–1523 and 1526 respectively) by Andrea del Sarto, and paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi (17th century).
 * Room of Saturn: contains a Portrait of Agnolo Doni (1506), the Madonna of the chair (1516), and Portrait of Cardinal Inghirami (1516) by Raphael; it also contains an Annunciation (1528) by Andrea del Sarto, and Jesus and the Evangelists (1516) by Fra Bartolomeo.
 * Room of Jupiter: contains the Veiled Lady, the famous portrait by Raphael (1516) that, according to Vasari, represents the woman loved by the artist. Among the other works in the room, Paintings by Rubens, Andrea del Sarto and Perugino
 * Room of Mars: is characterized by works by Rubens: the allegories representing the Consequences of War (hence the name of the room) and the Four Philosophers (among them Rubens portrayed himself, on the left). On the vault is a fresco by Pietro da Cortona, Triumph of the Medici.
 * Room of Apollo: contains a Madonna with Saints (1522) by Il Rosso, originally from the Church of Santo Spirito, and two paintings by Titian: a Magdalen and Portrait of an English Nobleman (between 1530 and 1540).
 * Room of Venus: contains the Venus Italica (1810) by Canova commissioned by Napoleon. On the walls are landscapes (1640–1650) by Salvator Rosa and four paintings by Titian, 1510–1545. Among the Titian paintings is a Portrait of Pope Julius II (1545) and La Bella (1535).
 * White Hall: once the ball room of the palace, is characterized by the white decorations and is often used for temporary exhibitions.

The Royal Apartments include 14 rooms. Their decoration was changed to Empire style by the Savoy monarchs, but there are still some rooms maintaining decorations and furniture from the age of the Medici.

The Green Room, was frescoed by Castagnoli in early 19th Century. It exhibits an intarsia cabinet from the 17th century and a collection of gilded bronzes; the throne room was decorated for King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and is characterized by the red brocade on the walls and by the Japanese and Chinese vases (17th–18th century).

The Blue Room contains collected furniture (17th–18th century) and the portraits of members of the Medici family painted by Sustermans (1597–1681).

Royal Apartments
This is a suite of 14 rooms, formerly used by the Medici family, and lived in by their successors. These rooms have been largely altered since the era of the Medici, most recently in the 19th century. They contain a collection of Medici portraits, many of them by the artist Giusto Sustermans. In contrast to the great salons containing the Palatine collection, some of these rooms are much smaller and more intimate, and, while still grand and gilded, are more suited to day-to-day living requirements. Period furnishings include four-poster beds and other necessary furnishings not found elsewhere in the palazzo. The Kings of Italy last used the Palazzo Pitti in the 1920s. By that time it had already been converted to a museum, but a suite of rooms in the Meridian wing (now the Gallery of Modern Art) was reserved for them when visiting Florence officially.

Gallery of Modern Art

This gallery originates from the remodeling of the Florentine academy in 1748, when a gallery of Modern Art was established. The gallery was intended to hold those art works which were prize-winners in the academy's competitions. The Palazzo Pitti was being redecorated on a grand scale at this time and the new works of art were being collected to adorn the newly decorated salons. By the mid-19th century so numerous were the grand ducal paintings of modern art that many were transferred to the, which became the first home of the newly formed "Modern Art Museum".

Following the Risorgimento and the expulsion of the grand ducal family from the palazzo, all the grand ducal modern art works were brought together under one roof in the newly titled "Modern gallery of the Academy". The collection continued to expand, particularly so under the patronage of Victor Emmanuel II. However it was not until 1922 that this gallery was moved to the Palazzo Pitti where it was complemented by further modern works of art in the ownership of both the state and the municipality of Florence. The collection was housed in apartments recently vacated by members of the Italian royal family. The gallery was first opened to public viewing in 1928.

Today, further enlarged and spread over 30 rooms, this large collection includes works by artists of the Macchiaioli movement and other modern Italian schools of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The pictures by the Macchiaioli artists are of particular note, as this school of 19th-century Tuscan painters led by Giovanni Fattori were early pioneers and the founders of the impressionist movement. The title "gallery of modern art" to some may sound incorrect, as the art in the gallery covers the period from the 18th to the early 20th century. No examples of later art are included in the collection since in Italy, "modern art" refers to the period before World War II; what has followed is generally known as "contemporary art" (arte contemporanea). In Tuscany this art can be found at the Centro per l'arte contemporanea Luigi Pecci at Prato, a city about 15 km from Florence.

Treasury of the Grand Dukes
The Treasury of the Grand Dukes (Tesoro dei Granduchi), formerly called the Silver Museum (Museo degli Argenti), contains a collection of priceless silver, cameos, and works in semi-precious gemstones, many of the latter from the collection of Lorenzo de' Medici, including his collection of ancient vases, many with delicate silver gilt mounts added for display purposes in the 15th century. These rooms, formerly part of the private royal apartments, are decorated with 17th-century frescoes, the most splendid being by Giovanni da San Giovanni, from 1635 to 1636. The Silver Museum also contains a fine collection of German gold and silver artefacts purchased by Grand Duke Ferdinand III after his return from exile in 1815, following the French occupation.

Porcelain Museum

First opened in 1973, this museum is housed in the Casino del Cavaliere in the Boboli Gardens. The porcelain is from many of the most notable European porcelain factories, with Sèvres porcelain and Meissen porcelain being well represented. Many items in the collection were gifts to the Florentine rulers from other European sovereigns, while other works were specially commissioned by the grand ducal court. Of particular note are several large dinner services by the Vincennes factory, later renamed Sèvres, and a collection of small biscuit figurines.

Costume Gallery
Situated in a wing known as the "", this gallery contains a collection of theatrical costumes dating from the 16th century until the present. It is also the only museum in Italy detailing the history of Italian fashions. One of the newer collections to the palazzo, it was founded in 1983 by Kirsten Aschengreen Piacenti; a suite of fourteen rooms, the Meridiana apartments, were completed in 1858.

In addition to theatrical costumes, the gallery displays garments worn between the 18th century and the present day. Some of the exhibits are unique to the Palazzo Pitti; these include the 16th-century funeral clothes of Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici, and his wife Eleonora of Toledo and their son Garzia, both of whom died of malaria. Their bodies would have been displayed in state wearing their finest clothes, before being reclad in plainer attire before interment. The gallery also exhibits a collection of mid-20th century costume jewellery. The Sala Meridiana originally sponsored a functional solar meridian instrument, built into the fresco decoration by Anton Domenico Gabbiani.

Carriages Museum
This ground floor museum exhibits carriages and other conveyances used by the Grand Ducal court mainly in the late 18th and 19th century. The extent of the exhibition prompted one visitor in the 19th century to wonder, "In the name of all that is extraordinary, how can they find room for all these carriages and horses". Some of the carriages are highly decorative, being adorned not only by gilt but by painted landscapes on their panels. Those used on the grandest occasions, such as the "Carrozza d'Oro" (golden carriage), are surmounted by gilt crowns which would have indicated the rank and station of the carriage's occupants. Other carriages on view are those used by the King of the Two Sicilies, and Archbishops and other Florentine dignitaries.

The palazzo today
Today, transformed from a royal palace to a museum, the Palazzo Pitti is owned by the Italian state. Once under the management of the Polo Museale Fiorentino, an institution which administered twenty museums, since 2015 it has been a department of the Gallerie degli Uffizi, as a separate and independent structure within the Ministry of Culture, and has ultimate responsibility for 250,000 catalogued works of art. In spite of its metamorphosis from royal residence to a state-owned public building, the palazzo, sitting on its elevated site overlooking Florence, still retains the air and atmosphere of a private collection in a grand house. This is to a great extent due to the Amici di Palazzo Pitti (Friends of the Palazzo Pitti), an organisation of volunteers and patrons founded in 1996, which raises funds and makes suggestions for the ongoing maintenance of the palazzo and the collections, and for the continuing improvement of their visual display.

Pastiche
The Königsbau wing ('King's building / den') of the Munich Residenz, the former royal palace in the capital of Bavaria, was modelled after the Palazzo Pitti.

General references

 * Levey, Michael. Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-674-30658-9
 * Pitti Palace and Museums – see sub-pages for individual museums
 * Levey, Michael. Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-674-30658-9
 * Pitti Palace and Museums – see sub-pages for individual museums
 * Pitti Palace and Museums – see sub-pages for individual museums
 * Pitti Palace and Museums – see sub-pages for individual museums

title: Palazzo Pitti