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Talk:Velocity factor

Factor of 1000
Factor of 1000 left out. Charles Matthews 18:51, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Where's the maths on this page?! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.32.126.15 (talk) 13:51, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The maths for this topic is known as Telegraphers equations. Added link. --Catskineater (talk) 00:46, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The maths on the page were both confusing and incorrect. I have fixed the transmission line equation per Telegraphers equations and added a clarifying equation for non-transmission line situations. 12.174.19.210 (talk) 15:01, 23 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oops, I have incorrectly flipped the fraction. Reverted that equation. 12.174.19.210 (talk) 15:46, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Merge?
From what I can gather, this is simply 1/refractive index. Should we merge to refractive index? Oli Filth(talk 19:02, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
 * No merge, please. Similarities can be seen in vacuum or in free air, but not for instance in electrical cables. Geof (talk) 13:18, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Why are cables a special case? They're just EM waveguides.  Oli Filth(talk 13:24, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, but there's a lot things to be said about velocity of propagations in them. Group velocity, phase velocity, etc... What needs to be include here can be debated, but its certainly a distinct topic from refractive indices. Headbomb {{{sup|ταλκ}}κοντριβς – WP Physics} 15:55, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * If this article had a wider scope, then I could agree with you. But as it stands, the examples you gave are already distinct articles, and not specific to EM in cables.  This article isn't attempting to cover such a wide range of ideas, but simply the relationship between v and εr, and gives that relationship a name.  This relationship is already implied by the first section of the Refractive index article.  As such, I feel that the relationship between the two concepts would be made much clearer and compact if we merged the relatively trivial amount of content here into that article.  Oli Filth(talk 16:07, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I disagree. The refractive index page does not adequately cover the topic of wave propagation speed. It lists no equations and gives no "common" velocities. An explanation of ($$v_{\mathrm {p}}$$), or propagation velocity is required for an understanding of refractive index but they are not the same. --kf4yfd (talk) 15:24, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

No Merge: Wave propagation speed is not equal to refractive index. Refractive index is simply the ratio of the speed of light divided by the propagation velocity ($$v_{\mathrm {p}}$$). Wave propagation velocity is not a very complex subject and therefore the page will never be as large as refractive index, but it is not required to be. That said, wave propagation speed could use a cleanup/rewrite.
 * {| border="1"

!Refractive index: || Velocity of Propagation: --kf4yfd (talk) 15:24, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
 * align="center"|$$n = \frac{c}{v_{\mathrm {p}}}$$ ||align="center"| $$v_{\mathrm {p}} = { \frac{1}{\sqrt{\kappa}} } \ $$
 * }
 * }

Do not merge those are simply different notions, which might cross in a few formulas, not more. Materialscientist (talk) 05:38, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree that now the article title has changed, a merge may no longer be appropriate. Under its original title "Velocity of propagation" it was rather too focused on the ratio, which (AFAIK) really was refractive index under a different name.  Oli Filth(talk|contribs) 10:08, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

Error in formula
It sais: where c is the speed of light, L is ... But there is no c in the formula, only C (the capacitance) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.197.182.66 (talk) 12:30, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * That's because some anonymous dolt deleted the c without considering why it might be there, and no one caught it. I've reverted the change. 0x30114 (talk) 20:45, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Ambiguity
There is some ambiguity present in the current definitions of "velocity of propagation". The first definition (1/sqrt(K)) is unitless, i.e. a fraction relative to the speed of light. The second definition (1/sqrt(LC)) is an actual velocity, in m/s. Which is correct? Oli Filth(talk 19:12, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, the difference arose in the first place because of an inconsiderate anonymous edit, which I've reverted (see above section). But anyway, velocity factor seems like a much better term to me, although I don't know what's common among engineers. 0x30114 (talk) 20:48, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Requested move to Velocity factor

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 19:03, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

Wave propagation speed → Velocity factor – Title disagrees with content. The title Wave propagation speed implies a speed (distance/time), while the content mostly describes velocity factor (the ratio of propagation speed to the speed of light). Reference 2 (General Cable) does not back up the assertion in the first line that wave propagation speed and velocity of propagation are synonymous with velocity factor. It says that VoP is a measure of speed, whether stated in distance/time units or as a percentage of c. A percentage of c such as '80% of c ' is still a speed, not a ratio. The other reference that I am able to check, Chambers 1991, defines VoP as a speed, not a ratio. I believe that this article should be solely about the ratio, so VoP and wave propagation speed do not belong here. The relevant policy is WP:PRECISE, because the proposed title of Velocity factor unambiguously refers to the ratio and not the speed. Heron (talk) 10:57, 2 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Dielectric Constant
A section of this article reads: "the dielectric constant of the material through which the signal passes". Does that wording even make sense?

From what I understand the dielectric constant is a property of the "insulation" between the conductors of a cable. And the signal isn't "passing through" the insulation. But perhaps "material" here refers to the cable or medium as a whole?

The article may be correct but I have trouble parsing that sentence. I'm just a neophyte. R4p70r (talk) 04:32, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Velocity factor formula is incorrect
The equation VF = (LC)^0.5 is incorrect. Because L and C are inductance and capacitance of of unit length cable, the formula gives the propagation velocity in the cable. That must be divided by the velocity of light c to get the velocity factor. Thus the correct formula is VF = (LC)^-0.5 c^-1. Can somebody fix it? I can't edit wiki equations. Rubmum (talk) 18:11, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

What about in metals?
How do you find the VF for a copper wire where the relative permittivity is infinite? So if I have a 2m 14 guage AWG wire, how do I find how fast a 60Hz signal propagates through it? Thanks 71.139.160.208 (talk) 05:56, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 09:52, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Phase speed
Is the "speed at which a wavefront passes through the medium" (cited in the lede) the same as the phase velocity? 178.39.122.125 (talk) 15:32, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

False positive source
Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design: Engineering, Mechanical appears to be a copy of this. Widefox ; talk 13:29, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Scope
Older versions included sound waves but this was partly dropped from the text. Either we want to properly discuss it (if the term is actually used with sound), or completely remove it if not. Widefox ; talk 13:33, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Confusing definition
This article is inconsistent, leaving the reader confused about what the definition of velocity factor is. The propagation velocity of a wavefront is the group velocity, whereas the inverse of the refractive index is the phase velocity. In certain media of interest (cables and optical fibres), it sounds like the propagation delay of signals (and hence the group velocity) is likely the intended meaning. There might be contexts in which the phase velocity is indeed meant, such as in optics, where refractive effects might be being described. This article should clearly distinguish the definitions by context, depending on sourced usage. Despite understanding the physics, I do not have access to the sources and the term hides in a sea of noise in a web search, so I cannot fix this. (Besides, I'm not convinced that this deserves a WP article: it seems to be an uncommon term, its meaning may vary by source/domain, and would thus need to be defined pretty much wherever it is used.) 172.82.46.195 (talk) 12:39, 8 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Velocity factor


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Balandin (crater)

Balandin is a small crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies within the large walled plain Gagarin, close to the eastern rim.

Balandin is circular with a somewhat unusual hummocky interior floor, similar to the nearby Kosberg, to Barbier F within Barbier, or to Van den Bos. It is adjacent to slightly smaller (unnamed) craters to the east and west.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Balandin (crater)


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Category:Indian tennis players

This category lists tennis players with Wikipedia articles who have notably represented India. Note that articles are sub-categorized by whether a player has done so in male or female competition, and also by particular notable competitions.

title: Category:Indian tennis players


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Samuel F. Vinton

Samuel Finley Vinton (September 25, 1792 – May 11, 1862) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio from March 4, 1823 to March 3, 1837 and again from March 4, 1843 to March 3, 1851.

Biography
Born in South Hadley, Massachusetts, Vinton was the son of Abiatha and Sarah (Day) Vinton. He graduated from Williams College in 1814, paying his way through school by teaching. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Connecticut in 1816. He then moved to southern Ohio and practiced law in Gallipolis. On August 18, 1824, he married Romaine Madeleine Bureau, daughter of John Peter Roman Bureau and Madeleine Françoise Charlotte Marret, in Gallia County, Ohio. She died in 1831, after the couple had had a son and a daughter, Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren.

After holding various local offices, he was elected to the Eighteenth Congress on a non-partisan ballot. Vinton was re-elected to the Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty Third and Twenty-fourth Congresses. In the Twenty-third Congress he was an Anti-Jacksonian Democrat and in the Twenty-fourth and succeeding Congresses he was a Whig.

He did not seek re-election in 1836, returning to Ohio to his successful practice of law. Whig Presidential elector in 1840 for Harrison/Tyler. However, he returned to Congress in 1843, again as a Whig. In his second service in Congress, he was a member of the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses. He was noted for his service on the Public Lands Committee, helping to create the United States Department of the Interior, and, as Thomas Ewing put it, had "more influence in the House of Representatives, much more, than any other man in it." He was an authority on parliamentary procedure and in the Thirtieth Congress, he declined the Speakership but took the chairmanship of the Ways and Means Committee instead.

President Millard Fillmore offered him the post of Secretary of the Interior, but he declined. He did not run for re-election in 1850, instead running for Governor of Ohio as a Whig in 1851. In 1853, he became president of the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad, retiring the next year to Washington, D.C.

In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed him to appraise the value of slaves freed in the District of Columbia. He died in Washington that year and was buried in Gallipolis, Ohio.

He was a trustee of Ohio University from 1848 to 1862.

Personal life
His daughter, Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren was a writer. His son-in-law was Admiral John A. Dahlgren.

Legacy
Vinton County, Ohio and Vinton, Ohio are named for him.

title: Samuel F. Vinton


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Leigh Diffey

Leigh Diffey (born 3 March 1971) is an Australian-American auto racing commentator. His career began calling motorcycle races in his home country before moving to the United Kingdom to cover other forms of motorsport. Diffey then moved to the United States to join Speed Channel, while simultaneously working for Network Ten in Australia. Since 2013, he has served as a play-by-play announcer and studio host with NBC Sports in the United States.

Early career: Network Ten and BBC
Diffey grew up in Queensland, Australia where he briefly raced motorcycles with his friend Daryl Beattie, who eventually became a professional motorcycle racer. Diffey worked as a physical education teacher at Ipswich Grammar School. Meanwhile, he began working in motorsports broadcasting; his first job came in 1990 at the age of 19, calling Ipswich Motorcycle Club racing at Tivoli Raceway. In 1995 he left his teacher job to pursue a full-time career in sports television.

Prior to his move to the United States, Diffey commentated on the Superbike World Championship and presented coverage of the World Rally Championship for the BBC in the United Kingdom, working alongside Steve Parrish and Suzi Perry. Additionally, Diffey covered V8 Supercars with Greg Rust, Barry Sheene, Bill Woods and Mark Oastler, as well as Formula One racing, both for Network Ten. He also covered the 12 Hours of Sebring, an event for he would call for a total of ten years.

2003–2012: Speed Channel and return to Network Ten
In 2001, Diffey moved to the US to cover the American-based open-wheel racing CART series, while still working for the BBC. Two years later in 2003, Diffey made a full-time move to the States when he was hired by Speed Channel, which later simply became "Speed". At Speed, Diffey was the play-by-play announcer for the network's coverage of the Speed World Challenge, the American Le Mans Series, the Rolex Sports Car Series, the Rolex Grand-Am Cup, the SCCA Trans-Am Series, and a regular anchor of The Speed Report and Speed Center. Diffey occasionally filled in for Speed commentator Bob Varsha during the network's Formula One broadcasts. He also commentated selected rounds of the AMA Superbike and AMA Motocross Championships.

Diffey worked with Speed to call several sports car races during his tenure with the network, including the 24 Hours of Daytona and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. While at Speed, Diffey also occasionally returned to Network Ten in Australia as a regular host for the network's nightly sports wrap, Sports Tonight. He also covered other two other sports for the Australian network: sailing, hosting coverage of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, and golf, which he covered for five years. In 2011 alone, he covered no fewer than sixteen individual divisions of motorsport on Speed.

Formula One and IndyCar
In November 2012, NBC Sports announced that Diffey would join its network to become the play-by-play announcer for its broadcasts of both Formula One and IndyCar events starting in 2013. Diffey called the day of the announcement "one of the best days of my life. People have been so complimentary." The announcement named David Hobbs and Steve Matchett as the analysts who would work alongside him for the Formula One broadcasts. In December 2015, Diffey, Hobbs and Matchett were given an Honorable Mention in a list of Best Broadcast Teams of the year published on the Sports Illustrated website SI.com.

On two occasions, Diffey covered both series on the same day. On 23 August 2015, he called the Belgian Grand Prix from NBC's base in Stamford, Connecticut, before he and Matchett traveled to Pocono Raceway for the ABC Supply 500. Likewise, on 3 September 2017, Diffey called the Italian Grand Prix in Connecticut and then traveled to Watkins Glen International for the IndyCar Grand Prix at The Glen. Diffey's open-wheel focus shifted solely to IndyCar in 2018 when the US Formula One television rights were transferred to ESPN.

NASCAR
Diffey was one of several recurring co-hosts of NASCAR America, a weekday NBCSN program dedicated to NASCAR. While he had covered NASCAR practice and qualifying sessions with Speed, it was not until his tenure with NBC that he made his NASCAR debut as a play-by-play announcer for a race, covering the Xfinity Series (NXS) at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course on 15 August 2015. After calling the race, Diffey spoke of the experience as "a thrill...I've been a NASCAR fan and dabbled in it, and for that to be my first race was something else." He also commentated the Richmond, Dover, and Kansas NXS races.

Diffey made his Sprint Cup Series broadcasting debut alongside Dale Jarrett at Homestead-Miami Speedway in 2015, leading NBCSN's "Hot Pass" coverage of NASCAR's championship race, which focused solely on the four drivers still eligible for the series championship. Diffey reprised this role with Parker Kligerman in the 2016 Homestead race, and again with Jarrett in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

In August 2017, Diffey served as the lead announcer for NASCAR on NBC's primary coverage of the renamed Monster Energy Cup Series for two races (the I Love New York 355 at The Glen and the Pure Michigan 400), filling in for regular announcer Rick Allen who was working in London with NBC's coverage of the 2017 IAAF World Championships.

On March 13, 2024, it was announced that Diffey would replace Rick Allen in the booth following the 2024 Summer Olympics either at Michigan or Daytona.

IMSA
Diffey returned to sports car racing in 2019 as the lead announcer for NBC Sports' coverage of IMSA's WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, beginning with the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona.

Motorcycles
Diffey began calling the AMA Supercross Championship in 2020, working play-by-play for NBC for the series along with Ralph Sheheen. Diffey took over the lead commentating role replacing Sheheen starting the 2021 season with Ricky Carmichael, Daniel Blair, and Will Christien. He also served as a studio host for the network's MotoGP and Moto2 coverage.

Other sports
Diffey has worked on NBC's coverage of the Olympic Games, covering luge, skeleton, and bobsled at the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi. NBC executive Sam Flood had expressed interest in having him serve as an announcer outside of motorsports while negotiating his contract with the network, and he prepared Diffey for the Olympics by having him host the Penn Relays and the Luge World Cup. Diffey remarked of serving in the Olympics: "Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine this is where my career would take me. Just working for NBC, that alone made my life. Now going to the Olympics for NBC? I just pinch myself as if to wonder is this really happening?" He returned to the Olympics to cover rowing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and also called the same events he had in Sochi at the 2018 Winter Games in Pyongchang.

Beyond the Olympics, Diffey has covered rugby, anchoring studio coverage of Premiership Rugby and doing play-by-play for the Collegiate Rugby Championship. He also covered the Prefontaine Classic in 2018, as well as the 2019 World Athletics Championships.

In 2021, Diffey took over as the NBC track and field commentator, covering both the US Olympic trials and the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Personal life
Diffey obtained his United States citizenship in 2011, explaining, "This country has given me so much, and I felt I needed to give back. That's why I accepted US citizenship. I'm Australian and I'm also American." A former resident of Charlotte, North Carolina, he currently resides in Connecticut with his wife and two children.

title: Leigh Diffey


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My Living Doll

My Living Doll is an American science-fiction sitcom starring Bob Cummings and Julie Newmar. The series was aired on CBS from September 27, 1964, to March 17, 1965. It was produced by Jack Chertok and filmed at Desilu studios by Jack Chertok Television Productions, in association with the CBS Television Network.

Series background
The series starred Bob Cummings as Dr. Bob McDonald, a psychiatrist. His friend Dr. Carl Miller (Henry Beckman), a scientist with the U.S. Air Force being transferred to Pakistan, shows Bob his latest invention: a lifelike android in the form of a sexy, Amazonian female, AF 709. Miller gives the prototype robot, also called Rhoda (Julie Newmar), to Bob. Bob is initially reluctant, but soon becomes intrigued by the experiment of educating this sophisticated but naive robot. The series' episodes center around Rhoda's attempts to learn how human society works, and Bob's attempts to teach Rhoda how to be "the perfect woman", which he defines as one who "does what she's told" and "doesn't talk back." He also strives to keep her identity secret by saying that she is Carl's niece.

Rhoda also begins showing (or at least emulating) rudimentary emotions as the series progresses. For example, in the episode "The Kleptomaniac", she displays a childlike, playful attitude. At one point McDonald notices this and utters, "What a goofy robot!", to which Rhoda replies, beaming, "The goofiest!" At the conclusion of this episode, Rhoda giggles without prompting after pulling a plot-resolving prank on another character. Another episode, "The Pool Shark", has Rhoda displaying apparent enjoyment in playing pool. The series does not explore whether these are truly learned behaviors or the result of programming, or if, in the fantasy context of the series, Rhoda is truly learning human emotion.

Other regular cast members included:
 * Doris Dowling as Irene Adams, Bob's sister, whom he asks to move in as his housekeeper and chaperone to keep his neighbors from thinking that something inappropriate is going on between Rhoda and him. She was dropped from the cast when Bob was transferred to Pakistan.
 * Jack Mullaney as Peter Robinson, a lecherous colleague and neighbor of Bob's who decides that Rhoda is the girl of his dreams. A regular supporting character in episodes 1-20, he learns the truth in the fifth-to-last episode, after Bob is transferred to Pakistan. As of episode 21, he becomes Rhoda's guardian (and series co-lead).
 * Nora Marlowe as Mrs. Moffat, Peter's housekeeper. She was added to the cast when Peter became Rhoda's guardian.

Production
The show was created by Jack Chertok based on the Pygmalion–Galatea myth. The series was unusual in that it was bought by the network without a formal pilot, at the request of CBS's president James T. Aubrey, due to the success of Chertok's series My Favorite Martian. The show was announced in April 1964. Filming began at Desilu Studios in July 1964. Outdoor scenes for the opening episode ("Boy Meets Girl") were filmed at Space Park under the pseudonym of "Space Research Center" (SRC). It was there in Redondo Beach, California that Rhoda was shown wandering off the campus, but was soon found by Dr. McDonald across the street at a drive-in named "Phil's Freeze" in Manhattan Beach.

The series was developed with Julie Newmar in mind for the female lead. CBS had been looking for a vehicle for Newmar for two years, and found this to be the best project for her. Producers originally wanted Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. for the male lead, originally meant to be a "straight" role opposite Newmar. However, CBS also had Bob Cummings under contract, and overruled them to place Cummings in the series.

The New York Times, reviewing the show in September, said it: "...very probably has the makings of a popular novelty hit... with Miss Newmar giving a light and amusing performance as the automated dish, the premise could work out... Bob Cummings, an old hand at chaperoning pretty girls, again is cast in his familiar assignment."

Cummings' departure
Despite good reviews, early ratings were poor. The show was initially scheduled opposite NBC's Bonanza on Sunday nights, but was shifted to Wednesdays in December in an attempt to improve ratings. This did not work, and in January, Cummings asked to be written out of the show after 21 episodes. CBS did not announce a replacement for him, indicating that they did not want to continue the series.

At the time, reportedly Cummings and Newmar were not getting along during production, with Newmar stating in a 1965 interview that Cummings had tried to teach her how to act, was unhappy that she appeared to be getting more press attention than he was, and was "trying too desperately to hold on to his long-gone youth". However, this is denied by Newmar and show producer Howard Leeds in The Living Doll Story, a featurette included in the 2012 DVD release.

Another report said that Cummings was unhappy with the size of his role in comparison to Newmar's.

In later years, Newmar said the trouble was Cummings' addiction to methamphetamine. She says this contributed to his erratic behavior on set, as well as his increasing depression and insecurity. He demanded that the show focus more on his character. CBS refused and Cummings left.

Cumming's last appearance was in "The Witness", the show's 21st episode, which aired on 10 February 1965. The following week's episode explained that his character had been transferred to Pakistan; the Peter character learns Rhoda's secret and takes over the position of watching over her. This was the plot device for the last five episodes of the season, and the series was not renewed for a second season.

Opening credits
Two versions of the opening credits were created. The first version had Rhoda wearing short lingerie similar to a teddy; according to an interview with Newmar included on the DVD release, this version was rejected as being too risque, so a new version with Rhoda wearing a long dress (though a little suggestive of lingerie) was filmed. This latter version is the one used on the versions of the episodes that were broadcast and released to DVD; however, the unofficial circulation of several episodes used the teddy version of the credits.

Episodes
Episode is lost.

Home media
On March 20, 2012, MPI Home Video released My Living Doll—The Official Collection, Volume 1 on DVD in Region 1. The 2-disc set features 11 episodes of the series. The episodes featured on the DVD collection were created from 16mm prints of the show held by collectors, as the one known set of original 35mm negatives were destroyed in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. It is unknown if the remaining 15 episodes exist.

In popular culture
According to The Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, My Living Doll is the source of the science fiction phrase "Does not compute" in popular culture.

My Living Doll producer Howard Leeds went on to create Small Wonder, a 1980s sitcom featuring a young girl robot named Vicki. He also employed composer George Greeley, who wrote the music for My Living Doll.

Leeds, when in the employ of Reg Grundy Productions Australia producing Chopper Squad, proposed and produced a new My Living Doll presentation pilot, "Billion Dollar Baby", using an all-Australian cast.

In 2018, Jack Chertok Television Productions producer Peter Greenwood apparently had posts on his LinkedIn account stating that he had begun active development of a new My Living Doll limited series; his account also featured a bound set of the original series scripts as part of the post. The posts may also have stated that the reboot "would be more in tune with present-day morals and would change a great deal of the format to highlight the character, based on the current need for positive, intelligent and meaningful female role models."

It has been speculated that the Star Trek: Voyager character Seven of Nine's name is a homage to Rhoda's original designation as AF 709.

title: My Living Doll


text: Category:Kinematics

title: Category:Kinematics


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User talk:Topbanana/Reports/This page contains a link that might be mis-punctuated/G - K

Eek, one of us has duplicated part of the page... anyone want to sort it out? (==K== only appears at the bottom, so this should be preserved). fabiform | talk 18:53, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It wasn't too much of a mess after all, I've sorted it out. :) fabiform | talk 15:09, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Category:Reuben Award winners

The Reuben Award for Cartoonist of the Year is an award given by the National Cartoonists Society for print cartoonists.

title: Category:Reuben Award winners


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Raymond Burke (clarinetist)

Raymond Burke (né Barrois; 6 June 1904 – 21 March 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist.

Biography
Raymond Burke was born Raymond Barrois on June 6, 1904, in New Orleans, Louisiana. He gave few interviews and believed the life of a musician had little to do with his music.

He was polite, albeit eccentric. He had wavy hair, a thin mustache, and dressed conservatively. He spoke with a thick New Orleans accent and used colorful regional vocabulary, which some found confusing. He did not drink, smoke, or gamble. He is portrayed as unpretentious.

Burke rarely left the city except for out-of-town gigs or tours with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band later in life. His friend and jazz enthusiast Al Rose said Burke spent no more than ten weeks outside of New Orleans. Burke was the nephew of Jules Cassard, a jazz trombonist who played with the Reliance Brass Band, and the cousin of Dixieland musician Harold Peterson.

Burke said that his first instrument was a flute he carved from a fishing pole. He then played the tin whistle, kazoo, and clarinet. His first job in music came in 1913 when he panhandled on the kazoo with future New Orleans Rhythm Kings drummer Leo Adde who played percussion on a cigar box.

In the 1930s Burke played with The Henry Belas Orchestra (trumpeter Henry Belas, trombonist Al Moore, drummer Joe Stephens, and pianist "PeeWee"); The Melon Pickers (guitarist Henry Walde, bassist John Bell, drummer Al Doria, trumpeter Bill Nauin, and pianist Julius Chevez.) Burke also spent a short period of time in Kansas City for a musical job, but soon returned.

In the 1940s and '50s he played with Alvin Alcorn, Sharkey Bonano, and frequently in a trio with pianist Jeff Riddick and bassist Sherwood Mangiapane. In the 1960s and 70s Burke he played with Preservation Hall musicians.

Rabais Shop
According to his colleagues, Burke's only non-musical form of employment was the management of a "Rabais" shop at 906 Bourbon Street. According to friend Al Rose, a Rabais shop is "not as high flown as an antique store nor as disreputable as a junk Shop" It is a personal collection that the owner makes semi-available to the public for sale. Burke's shop was in a residential section of Bourbon Street which had light pedestrian traffic and generated very little business. It lacked furniture, except for one wooden stool where Burke sat, and it also lacked electricity, ensuring that the shop closed at sundown.

The shop was filled with old jazz records, historical memorabilia, musical instruments and equipment, books, magazines, and a collection of sheet music. Being dark and cluttered on the inside, the store was not made for browsing. Rather, if a patron had a specific request, Burke would recall whether he had the object in stock, and if so, would have to find it in the collection. Al Rose claims that the store averaged about two dollars of income per day. However, he also argues that the store had another, more musically important purpose. Throughout the work day (from 1pm to sundown) musicians would seek Burke at the Rabais to play with him. These sessions were informal and unattended, consisting of Burke's clarinet and whatever instrument the player(s) had brought. By the end of any given day, Rose estimates that up to a dozen musicians would have stopped by to play with Burke. Among these men were amateurs as well as distinguished musical talent.

Popularity
While Burke was an active musician for most of his life, he did not achieve mainstream popularity or commercial success. He was known for playing modestly, and in large ensembles his clarinet could easily be overpowered. Burke also refused to let contemporary music influence his sound for commercial reasons, and played in what many considered an outdated style. Another possible factor in Burke's obscurity is his association with "Second Line" jazz. Although the term has several different meanings, it has been used to differentiate white musicians who played New Orleans Style jazz from black or Creole musicians. Since New Orleans jazz is typically associated with the African American population in that city, "Second Line" can be used negatively to refer to white musicians who have imitated and simplified this style. Thus, Charles Suhor argues that Burke, as well as other talented white New Orleans Jazz musicians, was neglected throughout much of his early career and not taken seriously.

According to John Steiner, 1939 was an important year for the discovery of Burke's music, as well as for other relatively low key jazz musicians. This year marked the availability of cheap, portable recorders. Jazz enthusiasts would bring these devices to local jam sessions and record their favorite musicians. Among these collectors, recordings were passed around, and Burke's audience increased gradually over the next two decades. As a result, Burke became especially popular with jazz insiders rather than the public. According to Steiner, jazz enthusiasts feared that Burke could become another forgotten jazz great, similar to Buddy Bolden, and so attempted to spread his music.

Style characteristics
Raymond Burke played in the Dixieland style. According to Charles Suhor, Dixieland is characterized by "more conventional tones of wind instruments, rejection of rapid vibratos, greater instrumental facility, and considerable attention to solos, which are routinely 'passed around' in between opening and closing ensemble choruses." Burke's repertoire consisted primarily of old standards.

New York Times reviewer, John S. Wilson claimed that Burke "used mellow, woodsy lower notes to build delightfully catchy little phrases and runs."He also noted that Burke would wriggle around in his seat while playing, and that, during solos, he would play from a strange, semi-crouched position. He also commended Burke's "unhurried" approach. Although Dixieland is often assumed to be a campy imitation of past music, Wilson notes that Burke does not depend on musical stereotypes or clichés. Al Rose also claims that although Burke's music was traditional it wasn't nostalgic. Instead of imitating the musical style of 1920s jazz, Rose felt that Burke remained an innovative musician who happened to work through that particular style of music.

A concert in 1965 exemplified many of his musical characteristics. This concert brought Burke together with Chicago style pianist Art Hodes. Although the reviewer claims that the group was prone to "ragged endings" and occasional uncertainty and hesitation, he applauds Burke's ability to play with Hodes and feed off his spontaneity. The reviewer notes Burke's economic solo lines and argues that he was a master of spreading out musical ideas. The review asserts that Burke had an excellent handling of the lower register of the clarinet, known as the chalumeau register. Burke would often begin a solo line with an unexpected high note, then proceed down in pitch until he reached this register.

Even within the Dixieland style, Burke's playing was viewed as eccentric. Al Rose claimed that, "He just doesn't play a clarinet part! The tourist expects to hear the really conventional harmony, and Raymond just won't stick to it. He's got all that ingenious counterpoint on his mind—and you know, if it's on his mind, he blows it!"

He refused to play music which he deemed too fast or too slow. He believed that playing music at a fast tempo was showing off and distracted the audience. On the other hand, he also insisted that jazz shouldn't be played too slow, claiming that "the blues ain't funeral music.

Unlike many musicians who became associated with the New Orleans style, he did not flutter or play in an uncontrolled way. He would not sacrifice tone for a crowd-pleasing effect. He was known to stop during a performance and walk offstage if he felt one of his bandmates was pandering to the audience.

Preservation Hall
Preservation Hall was a concert space established in the 1960s which became the center of a revival in New Orleans jazz. In 1961, Icon Records executive Grayson Mills traveled to New Orleans in order to record veteran jazz musicians. Because many of these players were elderly, Mills conceived of Preservation Hall as a place to practice and gain back their skills in front of an audience. Preservation Hall was designed solely for listening to the musicians. The Hall served no food or drinks, had only a few rows of benches for seating, and lacked a dance floor. Donation was the only source of revenue for the club, as admittance was free. Mills hoped that, if the musicians were not worried about appealing to tourists or needy club owners, they would regain their creativity. He became a regular Preservation Hall musician for the rest of his life.

In the mid 1960s, Allan Jaffe assumed management of Preservation Hall and expanded its operations. To ensure the financial survival of the Hall during low tourist seasons, Jaffe began looking at alternative ways for Preservation Hall to maintain an income. He began managing numerous "Preservation Hall Bands", negotiating recording contracts, and sending groups on international tours, even sending Burke to the Soviet Union in 1979.

Influence
According to Al Rose, although Burke is admired by jazz musicians and fans, he has had no influence. Because Dixieland is sometimes considered outdated, there are few players who approach it with the same creativity as Burke. Furthermore, his playing was considered eccentric even within the Dixieland style. For instance, in a Second Line magazine article, Rose recalls suggesting to musician George Girard that he adopt Burke into his band. His response was, "Man, that would be plain heaven, but if I had him i'd still need a clarinet player."

title: Raymond Burke (clarinetist)


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Category:Pacific hurricane seasons

The following are hurricane seasons that occurred in the northeastern and north/central Pacific Ocean that have articles on Wikipedia.

For Pacific hurricanes by storm, see Category:Pacific hurricanes. For season in other basins, see Category:Tropical cyclone seasons.

title: Category:Pacific hurricane seasons


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Naonobu (crater)

Naonobu is a small lunar impact crater named after Japanese mathematician Ajima Naonobu. It is located on the eastern Mare Fecunditatis, to the northwest of the prominent crater Langrenus, and it forms a triple-crater formation with the adjacent Atwood to the south and Bilharz just to the southwest. Naonobu and Atwood are separated by only a few kilometres.

The interior of this crater has been flooded with basaltic lava, leaving a relatively flat interior and a reduced outer rim. There is no central peak, but a small crater lies just to the southwest of the midpoint. A similar crater lies across the western interior of the rim.

This crater was previously designated Langrenus B before being renamed by the IAU in 1976.

title: Naonobu (crater)


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World Triathlon

World Triathlon, previously known as the International Triathlon Union (ITU), is the international governing body for the multi-sport disciplines of triathlon, duathlon, aquathlon and other nonstandard variations. It is recognised as the international federation for the sport of triathlon and its derivatives by the International Olympic Committee, and it organises Olympic triathlon events on behalf of the IOC.

In addition to regulating and setting the rules of the sport, World Triathlon organises the top level international race series the World Triathlon Championship Series and the ITU Triathlon World Cup. World Triathlon also has a long-distance race circuit with official world championships, while in 2024 it will begin to sanction and recognise a World Championship Tour of Long-Distance Triathlon organised by the Professional Triathletes Organisation. World Triathlon does not have an official relationship with the other three major commercial triathlon circuits, Ironman Triathlon, XTERRA Triathlon or Super League Triathlon.

Additionally, World Triathlon regulated, sanctions and organizes official sprint distance and team relay triathlon championships, as wel as Aquathlon (run-swim-run), Duathlon (run-bike-run) and Winter triathlon championships.

World Triathlon is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland

History
Versions of swim bike run multi-sports existed in the 1920s, but it wasn't until the term triathlon was coined in 1974 in San Diego that triathlon exploded in popularity. This rapid development drew the attention of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which initiated a discussion in 1988 to include it in the Olympic Games program. The then IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch held a meeting in Stockholm, Sweden, with the intention of making triathlon an Olympic sport as soon as possible. At that meeting Canadian Les McDonald was selected as President to a working committee for triathlon, while Sweden's Sture Jonasson was elected as Secretary.

World Triathlon was founded as the International Triathlon Union (ITU) one year later, on April 1, 1989, at the first ITU Congress in Avignon, France. A total of 30 National Federations attended the initial Congress and preparations were made for the sport's first World Championships to be held in Avignon in August 1989. At this meeting the Olympic distance (later renamed to standard) was set at a 1.5-km swim, 40-km bike and 10-km run the distances were chosen as they were already present at the Olympics for each discipline individually. More than 800 athletes representing 40 countries competed in the first World Championships, and Canada's Les McDonald was elected as ITU's first president in 1989.

ITU began the World Cup series in 1991, staging 11 races in eight countries. Triathlon was officially added to the Olympic Programme by the IOC at its Congress in Paris in 1994. Triathlon made its Olympic debut at the 2000 Games in Sydney.

Since its inception World Triathlon has maintained its headquarters in Vancouver, Canada until January 1, 2014 when it moved to Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the IOC and many international sporting bodies.

Spain's Marisol Casado was elected as World Triathlon's second president in November 2008. She became an IOC member in February 2010 at the 122nd IOC Session in World Triathlon's hometown of Vancouver. She was re-elected for a new four-year term in October 2012. The Canadian Loreen Barnett maintains its general secretary 3, with Sarah Springman named 1st vice-president and honorary member of the World Federation, hence in 2012 it was the only worldwide federation of an Olympic sport with an all-female management. In December 2016, Casado was re-elected for a third term as president of the International Federation at the 29th Congress held in Madrid 6.

In 2009 the International Triathlon Federation reorganised its top level competitions changing the World championship to the World Triathlon Series, an eight-stage competition circuit in eight countries, and relegated the world cup down to a second tier series below the world series with less prize money and world ranking points. It also organizes a series of world competitions at different distances from chained sports derived from the triathlon it manages, such as duathlon, aquathlon, cross-triathlon, winter triathlon and paratriathlon.

In June 2017, following the renewal of the federal application, the International Olympic Committee included a third triathlon event on the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, the mixed team relay. With the men's and women's short-distance triathlon events, three triathlon events offer Olympic titles to triathletes. By joining other sports who practice these forms of mixed events, this approach within the scope of the promotion of equality policies between men and women triathletes supported by the international federation.

In September 2017, World Triathlon announced the death of its founding and honorary President, Les McDonald, at the age of 84. He was awarded the Order of Canada in 2013 for service to the nation and inducted into its "Hall of Fame" in 2014 for his work for triathlon.

In October 2020, the ITU officially adopted the name World Triathlon.

International structure
World Triathlon is structured into 5 continental regions, through which 172 national federations (the governing body of triathlon in each country) are affiliated to World Triathlon. Each region offers a Continental Championship and Continental Cup Series.

 * Asia Triathlon representing 35 national federations
 * Africa Triathlon representing 37 national federations
 * Europe Triathlon representing 46 national federations
 * Americas Triathlon representing 40 national federations
 * Oceania Triathlon representing 14 national federations

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Europe Triathlon said that it strongly supported the decision of the International Olympic Committee and World Triathlon to exclude Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from organised European events, and to not organise international events in Russia or Belarus.

Development
World Triathlon has an ongoing effort to develop the sport especially outside of Europe and English speaking countries. One method is through development grants such as the recent one to the African Triathlon Union, with most of the money to national federations allowing for support of organize events, as well as funding for athlete, coach and Technical Officials courses. Another is athlete scholarships to be given to young athletes that have shown talent but who need more support than their developing National Federation can give, allowing them to perform at an international level, the end goal of these scholarships is the athletes performing for their county at the Olympic games. One global development is the introduction of certifications for coaching and technical officials meaning that important events will be contested at the high level.

Ranking system
World Triathlon publishes and maintains the World Rankings for the men's and women's competitions in both short and long course for triathlon and duathlon as well as aquathlon and winter triathlon races it also has a ranking for the national teams mixed relay. Each ranking has a slightly different point system but all are calculated via a rolling calendar, by taking a set number of the highest scoring results from the previous 52 weeks and adding them to a set number of the highest scoring results from the 53 to 104 weeks previous. Each races maximum score is decided by the ITU's ranking criteria and then the athlete who comes first will earn that many points with each following athlete earning 7.5% less point than the athlete before them.

Championships
In its founding year World Triathlon only ran the World triathlon championship, the following year it also began hosting the duathlon world championship. In 1991 the ITU started hosting a series of triathlon races as the triathlon World Cup. The distances chosen for the World championship and World Cup races were 1,500m swimming, 40 km of bike and 10 km of running, these parameters were chosen from existing distances in swimming, cycling and running disciplines in the Olympic Games. This triathlon distance has become known as the standard distance in the world of triathlon. In 1994 to have a long-distance championship similar to Ironman Triathlon events but hosted by the sports governing body the Long Distance Triathlon World Championships was founded and in 1997 parity was brought to duathlon with the Long Distance Duathlon World Championships. Also in 1997 the first Winter Triathlon World Championships was held giving the sport of winter triathlons its own world championship. Then in 1998 the Aquathlon World Championships were inaugurated, giving aquathlon its own world championship. In 2009 the Triathlon Mixed Relay World Championships was held to organise an elite-level international relay. The most recently created tournament is the Cross Triathlon World Championships; similar to how long-distance world championships were introduced to mirror the well known Ironman events, it was created to allow the sports governing body to have a world championship instead of XTERRA Triathlon. Both Ironman and XTERRA also operate 'world championship' events.

The world championship events organised by World Triathlon include:

 * In triathlon:
 * World Triathlon Championship Series
 * World Triathlon Long Distance Championships
 * World Triathlon Sprint Distance Championships
 * World Triathlon Mixed Relay Championships
 * World Triathlon Cup
 * In duathlon
 * World Triathlon Duathlon Championships
 * World Triathlon Long Distance Duathlon Championships
 * In aquathlon:
 * World Triathlon Aquathlon Championships
 * In winter triathlon:
 * World Triathlon Winter Championships
 * In triathlon cross
 * World Triathlon Cross Championships

title: World Triathlon


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Spoon bending

Spoon bending is the deformation of objects, especially metal cutlery, purportedly by paranormal means. It is a common theme for magic tricks, which use a variety of methods to produce the effect. Performers commonly use misdirection to draw their audience's attention away while the spoon is manually bent. Another method uses a metal spoon that has been prepared by repeatedly bending the spoon back and forth, weakening the material. Applying light pressure will then cause it to bend or break.

Spoon bending attracted considerable media attention in the 1970s when a number of individuals claimed to have the ability to cause such effects by psychic means. The most famous was Uri Geller, who performed on television bending metal spoons, keys, and other objects. Geller's performances were revealed to be tricks due to the work of magician and investigator James Randi and others.

Despite hundreds of experiments by parapsychologists to determine whether spoon bending is a genuine psychic phenomenon, spoon bending by psychic powers has not been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the scientific community.

History
Spoon bending was popularized in the 1970s by magician and self-described psychic Uri Geller, who claimed to have paranormal powers and appeared on television performing purportedly psychokinetic feats such as causing spoons, nails, and keys to bend using the power of his mind. Geller's actual methods were revealed to be trickery largely due to the work of magician and investigator James Randi.

While many individuals have claimed the paranormal or psychokinetic ability to bend spoons or manipulate other objects, spoon bending by psychic powers has not been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the scientific community. Randi offered a prize of one million dollars to any person who was able to demonstrate paranormal abilities, such as spoon bending.

Scientific testing
Parapsychologists have conducted hundreds of experiments to determine whether spoon bending is a genuine psychic phenomenon. Physicist John Hasted believed that children could paranormally bend paper clips inside a glass sphere, provided the sphere had a hole in it and they were allowed to take the sphere into a room unobserved. Science writer and skeptic Martin Gardner wrote that Hasted was incapable of devising simple controls such as videotaping the children secretly. Stephen North, a British psychic, was tested by Hasted in the late 1970s. Hasted claimed North had the psychokinetic ability to bend spoons and teleport objects in and out of sealed containers. According to James Randi, during a test conducted by Hasted at Birkbeck College, North was observed to have bent a metal sample with his bare hands. North was tested in Grenoble on 19 December 1977 in scientific conditions and the results were negative.

Jean-Pierre Girard, a French psychic, has claimed he can bend metal bars by psychokinesis. Girard was tested in the 1970s but failed to produce any paranormal effects in scientifically controlled conditions. He was tested on January 19, 1977 during a two-hour experiment in a Paris laboratory. The experiment was directed by physicist Yves Farge with a magician also present. All of the experiments were negative as Girard failed to make any of the objects move paranormally. He failed two tests in Grenoble in June 1977 with Randi. He was also tested on September 24, 1977 at a laboratory at the Nuclear Research Centre. Girard failed to bend any bars or change the structure of the metals. Other experiments into spoon bending were also negative and witnesses described his feats as fraudulent. Girard later admitted that he would sometimes cheat to avoid disappointing the public but insisted he still had genuine psychic power. Magicians and scientists have written that he produced all his alleged psychokinetic feats through fraudulent means.

Between 1979 and 1981, the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University reported a series of experiments they named Project Alpha, in which two teenaged male subjects had demonstrated psychokinesis phenomena, including metal-bending and causing images to appear on film, under less than stringent laboratory conditions. Randi eventually revealed that the subjects were two of his associates, amateur conjurers Steve Shaw and Michael Edwards. The pair had created the effects by standard trickery, but the researchers, being unfamiliar with magic techniques, interpreted them as proof of psychokinesis.

John Taylor had tested children in metal bending. According to Gardner, the controls were inadequate as the children would put paper clips in their pockets and later take one out twisted or be left with metal rods unobserved. Randi managed to bend an aluminum bar when Taylor was not looking and scratch on it "Bent by Randi". In other experiments, two scientists from the University of Bath examined metal bending with children in a room which was secretly being videotaped through a one-way mirror. The film revealed that the children bent the objects with their hands and feet. Due to the evidence of trickery, Taylor concluded metal bending had no paranormal basis.

In an experimental study (Wiseman and Greening, 2005) two groups of participants were shown a videotape in which a fake psychic placed a bent key on a table. Participants in the first group heard the fake psychic suggest that the key was continuing to bend when it had remained stationary, while those in the second group did not. The results revealed that participants from the first group reported significantly more movement of the key than the second group. The findings were replicated in another study. The experiments had demonstrated that "testimony for PKMB [psychokinetic metal bending] after effects can be created by verbal suggestion, and therefore the testimony from individuals who have observed allegedly genuine demonstrations of such effects should not be seen as strong evidence in support of the paranormal".

Methods

Stage magicians use several methods of creating the illusion of a spoon bending spontaneously. Most common is the practice of misdirection, an underlying principle of many stage magic tricks; the performer draws the audience's attention away from the spoon for the brief moment during which the spoon is manually bent. The magician then gradually reveals the bend. At a 1998 Skeptics Society conference, investigator James Randi showed clips of Geller appearing on the Italian television channel Rai 3 and the BBC programme Noel's House Party, in which he apparently manually bent various metal objects before displaying them to his audience.

When a spoon is physically bent or broken, it is usually at the point where the object would be easiest to bend by hand. The typical bend, where the bowl meets the handle, requires relatively little force. Another method uses a metal spoon that has been prepared by repeatedly bending the spoon back and forth, weakening the material. Applying light pressure will then cause it to bend or break. The magician then holds together the two halves of the spoon as if it were unbroken, then slowly relaxes their grip, making the spoon appear to bend before splitting in two.

If a magician has control over the viewing angle, the trick can be done by using a spoon that is already bent at the start of the trick. The spoon is initially held with the bend along the viewing angle, making it invisible. The magician then turns the spoon slowly to reveal the bend. The magician Ben Harris published step-by-step photographs and text showing how to bend keys and cutlery by trick methods. Some novelty or magic shops sell self-bending spoons (utilizing the physical properties of a shape-memory alloy) which can be used by amateur and stage magicians to demonstrate "psychic" powers or as a practical joke. Such "self-bending" spoons will bend themselves when used to stir tea, coffee, or any other warm liquid, or even when warmed by body heat. Simply holding a spoon by its neck and rapidly whirling it back and forth can also create the illusion that the spoon is bending, due to the way that the human eye perceives the rocking motion.

title: Spoon bending


text: Category:Olympic tennis players for Argentina


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Herbrand

Herbrand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Freddy Herbrand (born 1944), Belgian decathlete
 * Jacques Herbrand (1908–1931), French mathematician
 * Markus Herbrand (born 1971), German politician

title: Herbrand


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Heinz Leymann

Heinz Leymann (17 July 1932 – 26 January 1999) was a Swedish academic, famous for his studies on mobbing among humans. He held a degree in pedagogical psychology, and another one in psychiatry and worked as a psychologist. He was a professor at Umeå University.

Academic background
Born in 1932 in Wolfenbüttel, Germany, Leymann, became a Swedish citizen in the mid-1950s, and was awarded his PhD in pedagogical psychology from Stockholm University in 1978. He then went on to get another research doctorate (doktor i medicinsk vetenskap, "doctor of medical science," typically translated into English as PhD) in psychiatry in 1990 from Umeå University. Somewhat unusually, his doctorate in psychiatry was based on his clinical background as a psychologist; he did not go through medical training.

Leymann's work on mobbing
Leymann pioneered research into mobbing in the 1980s. His initial research in the area was based on detailed case studies of a number of nurses who had committed or tried to commit suicide due to events at the workplace. He developed the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), a questionnaire of 45 mobbing actions.

Although he preferred the term bullying in the context of school children, some have come to regard mobbing as a form of group bullying. As professor and practicing psychologist, Leymann also noted one of the side-effects of mobbing is post-traumatic stress disorder and is frequently misdiagnosed.

Among researchers who have built on Leymann's work are:
 * Davenport, Schwartz & Elliott
 * Hecker
 * Shallcross, Ramsay & Barker
 * Westhues
 * Zapf & Einarsen

title: Heinz Leymann


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Tolansky (crater)

Tolansky is a small, circular lunar impact crater that is located due south of the crater Parry on the Mare Cognitum. The formation is symmetric, with a light-hued outer rim and a darker interior floor. A rille belonging to the Rimae Parry almost connects with the north-northwestern rim of Tolansky.

It was named after British physicist Samuel Tolansky. It was formerly known as Parry A, prior to its current name being approved by the IAU in 1976.

title: Tolansky (crater)


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Queen Rocks

Queen Rocks is a compilation album by the British rock band Queen, released on 3 November 1997.

Content
The compilation is unique to the Queen catalogue, as it deliberately does not follow the standard "greatest hits" collection format and focuses on songs from Queen's heavier side. Some hits are present ("We Will Rock You", "I Want It All" and "Fat Bottomed Girls"), while other tracks included were never released as singles anywhere ("Put Out the Fire", "Tear It Up" and "Sheer Heart Attack").

The album also contains a remake of "I Can't Live With You", with a much louder and heavier guitar and more aggressive drumming, and one new track, "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)", which is a gentle ballad. The latter began life as a track for Brian May's solo album Another World (1998); the remaining members chose to record it as a bookend for their career as Queen. It was the last original studio recording from the 1990s featuring Brian May, Roger Taylor and John Deacon and is among the few Queen songs not to feature lead singer Freddie Mercury (other examples include "Good Company" and "Sleeping on the Sidewalk").

Video version
A video version of the album was made. It included slightly different videos for all these songs.
 * 1) "I Want It All" (The original video, except for the fact that it uses clips from the 1986 Wembley concert.)
 * 2) "We Will Rock You" (Uses clips of Queen singing at Wembley '86, Budapest '86, Montreal '81, Live Aid '85, Japan '79, Hammersmith '79, Houston '77, Buenos Aires '81, Rio '85, Milton Keynes '82, and the original video. Also uses outtakes from the original video.)
 * 3) "Keep Yourself Alive" (Slightly modified 1992 DoRo video with clips from two original 1973 videos, and BBC version with footage from black/white movies.)
 * 4) "Fat Bottomed Girls" (The original video, except intercut with "mud wrestling" footage)
 * 5) "Sheer Heart Attack" (Rare video. Video includes clips of Queen performance at the Rainbow '74, Hammersmith '75, Earl's Court '77, Houston '77, Hammersmith '79, Buenos Aires '81, Wembley '86, and clips from other Queen videos including Under Pressure and Keep Yourself Alive.)
 * 6) "I'm in Love with My Car" (Rare video. Video includes clips of Queen performing the song at Hammersmith '79, along with shots of zooming cars.)
 * 7) "It's Late" (Rare video. Video includes clips of Queen performance at the Rainbow '74, Wembley '86, Milton Keynes '82, Hammersmith '75, Buenos Aires '81, Houston '77, Earl's Court '77, Japan '79, Rio '85, and clips from other Queen videos including "Keep Yourself Alive", "Princes of the Universe", "Killer Queen", "These Are the Days of Our Lives", and "The Miracle".)
 * 8) "Tie Your Mother Down: Through the Years" (Clips from Japan '85, Wembley '86, Houston '77, Hammersmith '79, Earl’s Court '77, Rio '85, Budapest '86, Paris '79, Frankfurt '82, Montreal '81, and the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert.)
 * 9) "Seven Seas of Rhye" (Slightly modified 1992 DoRo video with footage from Tokyo '75 and Tokyo '85)
 * 10) "Put Out the Fire" (Performance at Osaka '82 with clips from old black/white movies.)
 * 11) "One Vision (extended)" (Original video with some never-before-seen footage.)
 * 12) "Makings of No-One But You"

Personnel

 * Freddie Mercury – lead and backing vocals, handclaps, footstomps, synthesizer, piano, organ (except on "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)")
 * Brian May – co-lead vocals on "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)", "I Want It All" (bridge), "Fat Bottomed Girls" (chorus), "Keep Yourself Alive" (bridge) and "Put Out The Fire" (falsetto at end of verses), backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, handclaps, footstomps, keyboards, piano, synthesizer, sampler, drum programming
 * Roger Taylor – lead vocals on "I'm In Love With My Car", co-lead vocals on "No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)", "Keep Yourself Alive" (bridge) and "Sheer Heart Attack", backing vocals, acoustic and electric drums, percussion, tambourine, cowbell, handclaps, footstomps, rhythm guitar, bass guitar
 * John Deacon – bass guitar, handclaps, footstomps (except on "Sheer Heart Attack")

Additional personnel

 * David Richards – keyboards on "I Can't Live With You (1997 Rocks Retake)" and keyboard programming on "I Want It All"
 * Fred Mandel – synthesizer on "Hammer to Fall"

title: Queen Rocks


text: Category:Jeff Davis County, Texas

title: Category:Jeff Davis County, Texas


text: User talk:152.163.101.13

title: User talk:152.163.101.13


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Category:Belgian tennis players

This category lists tennis players with Wikipedia articles who have notably represented Belgium. Note that articles are sub-categorized by whether a player has done so in male or female competition, and also by particular notable competitions.

title: Category:Belgian tennis players


text: Category:Olympic tennis players for Belgium


text: User talk:130.236.157.147

title: User talk:130.236.157.147


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Vesalius (crater)

Vesalius is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, less than 100 kilometers south of the lunar equator. It was named after Flemish anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius. Just to the northwest is the slightly smaller crater Buisson. Farther to the west-southwest lies the prominent crater Einthoven.

The outer rim of Vesalius is generally circular but somewhat irregular. There is an outward bulge at the southern extremity and a low rim at the northern end. The inner wall displays some slight terracing. On the interior floor the central peak is offset to the north, suggesting that the crater was formed by a low-angle impact.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Vesalius. The name Eskola was proposed for Vesalius M crater, and it is shown as such in some publications, but the name was not approved by the IAU.

title: Vesalius (crater)


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Dale Wood (composer)

Dale Wood was a renowned composer, organist, and choral director best known for his church music compositions. He was born on February 13, 1934, in Glendale, California, and died April 13, 2003. Wood began writing compositions at a young age. When he was 13 years old, he won a national hymn-writing contest for the American Lutheran Church.

Achievements

 * Contributing editor to the Journal of Church Music
 * Headed the publication committee of the Choristers Guild from 1970 to 1974
 * Music director at the Grace Cathedral School for Boys in San Francisco from 1973–1974
 * Editor for The Sacred Music Press from 1975–1996
 * Editor emeritus of The Sacred Music Press from 1996–2001
 * Exemplar Medallion from California Lutheran University in 1993

title: Dale Wood (composer)


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Hutchison

Hutchison may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Hutchison, Kentucky
 * Hutchison, Missouri
 * Hutchison, Virginia

People

 * Alexander Richard Hamilton Hutchison, British Royal Marines officer
 * Alice Hutchison (1874—1953) British physician in World War I
 * Ambrose K. Hutchison (1856–1932), Hawaiian resident leader of the leper settlement of Kalaupapa
 * Andrew Hutchison (b. 1938), Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada
 * Anna Hutchison (b. 1986), New Zealand actress
 * Balfour Oliphant Hutchison (1889–1967), Lieutenant-General in the British Army in World War II and younger brother of Robert Hutchison
 * Bruce Hutchison (1901–1992), Canadian author and journalist
 * Chuck Hutchison (born 1948), American football player
 * Claude B. Hutchison (1885–1980), American botanist and educator
 * Craig Hutchison (swimmer) (b. 1975), Canadian freestyle swimmer
 * Dean Hutchison, Scottish semi-professional midstakes poker player sixth in Main Event 2023
 * Don Hutchison (b. 1971), English football player
 * Doug Hutchison (b. 1960), American actor
 * Drew Hutchison (b. 1990), American baseball player
 * Drew Hutchison (rugby league) (b. 1995), Australian rugby player
 * Ferdinand William Hutchison (1819–1893), British physician and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii
 * Fiona Hutchison (b. 1960), British-American actress
 * Gus Hutchison (b. 1937), Formula-One driver
 * Jane Campbell Hutchison (1932–2020), American art historian
 * Jock Hutchison (1884–1977), Scottish-American, golfer
 * John Hutchison (sculptor) (1832–1910), Scottish sculptor
 * Kathleen Hutchison, British television producer
 * Kay Bailey Hutchison (b. 1943), United States senator
 * Kieren Hutchison (b. 1974), New Zealand actor
 * Mark Hutchison, Nevada State Senator and Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
 * Melissa Hutchison, American voice actress
 * Miller Reese Hutchison (1876–1944), American electrical engineer and inventor
 * Patrick Hutchison (1741–1802), Presbyterian minister
 * Paul Hutchison, New Zealand politician
 * Ralph Cooper Hutchison (1898–1966), president of Washington & Jefferson College and Lafayette College
 * Robert Hutchison, 1st Baron Hutchison of Montrose (1873–1950), British Major General in World War I
 * Sir Robert Hutchison, 1st Baronet of Thurle (1871–1960) of the Hutchison Baronets, Scottish physician
 * Ron Hutchison, Canadian professional wrestler, trainer and promoter
 * Ruby Hutchison, Australian politician
 * Scott Hutchison, Scottish musician
 * Sidney Hutchison, British art historian
 * Terence Wilmot Hutchison (1912–2007), British economist
 * Thomas Hutchinson (governor) (1711 – 1780), colonial Governor of Massachusetts
 * Thomas Setzer Hutchison (1875–1936), American military officer, volunteer officer in Greece, police commissioner, and civil reformer
 * Tommy Hutchison (b. 1947), Scottish football player
 * William Hutchison (disambiguation), several people

Other uses

 * Hutchison School, Memphis, Tennessee
 * Hutchison Whampoa, a company based in Hong Kong, now part of CK Hutchison Holdings
 * Hutchison Telecommunications International Limited, or known as "Hutchison Telecom", a telecommunications services provider and a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings
 * Hutchison Ports

title: Hutchison


text:
Caitlin Moran

Catherine Elizabeth Moran (born 5 April 1975) is an English journalist, broadcaster, and author at The Times, where she writes two columns a week: one for the Saturday Magazine, and the satirical Friday column "Celebrity Watch".

Moran was named British Press Awards (BPA) Columnist of the Year for 2010, and both BPA Critic of the Year 2011 and Interviewer of the Year 2011. In 2012, she was named Columnist of the Year by the London Press Club, and Culture Commentator at the Comment Awards in 2013.

Early life
Moran was born in Brighton, the eldest of eight children; she has four sisters and three brothers. She has described her father, who is of Irish extraction, as a "psychedelic rock pioneer" drummer who "did session work with many well-known bands in the Sixties" later "confined to the sofa by osteoarthritis". Moran lived in a three-bedroom council house in Wolverhampton with her parents and siblings, an experience she described as akin to The Hunger Games.

Moran attended Springdale Junior School and was then educated at home from the age of 11, having attended Wolverhampton Girls' High School for only three weeks. She and her siblings received no formal education from their parents; the local council allowed this, as home education is legal in England. Moreover, according to Ms Moran, they were "the only hippies in Wolverhampton". The children frequently occupied their time with simple games, such as throwing mud at their house. Moran describes her childhood as happy, but revealed she left home as soon as she was able to do so at the age of 18.

Journalism and writing career
Throughout her adolescence, Moran was certain that she would pursue a career as a writer. At the age of 13 in October 1988 she won a Dillons young readers' contest for an essay on Why I Like Books and was awarded £250 of book tokens. At the age of 15, she won The Observer's Young Reporter of the Year. She began her career as a journalist for Melody Maker, the weekly music publication, at the age of 16. Moran also wrote a novel called The Chronicles of Narmo at the age of 16, inspired by having been part of a home-schooled family.

In 1992, she launched her television career, hosting the Channel 4 music show Naked City, which ran for two series and featured a number of then up-and-coming British bands such as Blur, Manic Street Preachers and the Boo Radleys. Johnny Vaughan co-presented with her on Naked City.

Moran's upbringing inspired her TV drama/comedy series, Raised by Wolves, which began airing in the UK on Channel 4 in December 2013.

In July 2012, Moran became a Fellow of the University of Aberystwyth. In April 2014, she was named as one of Britain's most influential women in the BBC Woman's Hour power list 2014.

Moran's semi-autobiographical novel, How to Build a Girl, is set in Wolverhampton in the early 1990s. It is the first of a planned trilogy, to be followed by How to Be Famous, and concluding with How To Change The World. Moran co-wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation of the same name alongside John Niven. She also served as an executive producer on the film, directed by Coky Giedroyc, and starring Beanie Feldstein, Alfie Allen, Paddy Considine and Sarah Solemani.

Feminism
Moran recalls becoming a feminist after reading The Female Eunuch as a child.

In 2011, Ebury Press published Moran's book How to Be a Woman in the UK, which details her early life including her views on feminism. As of July 2012, it had sold over 400,000 copies in 16 countries. In September 2020 Ebury Press published its sequel, More Than a Woman, which explores middle age.

Twitter
In August 2013, she organised a 24-hour boycott of Twitter in protest against the organisation's perceived failure to deal adequately with offensive content posted, sometimes anonymously, on public figures' Twitter feeds.

In 2014, her Twitter feed became a controversial addition to the list of English A-Level set texts. In June 2014 the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism reported she was the most influential British journalist on Twitter.

Personal life
In December 1999, Moran married The Times' rock critic Peter Paphides in Coventry; they have two daughters, born in 2001 and 2003.

Awards and honours

 * 2010 British Press Awards, Columnist of the Year
 * 2011 Cosmopolitan, Ultimate Writer of the Year
 * 2011 Irish Book Award, Listeners Choice category, How to Be A Woman
 * 2011 Galaxy National Book Awards, Book of the Year, How to Be A Woman
 * 2011 Galaxy National Book Awards, Popular Non-Fiction Book of the Year, How to Be A Woman
 * 2011 British Press Awards, Interviewer of the Year
 * 2011 British Press Awards, Critic of the Year
 * 2012 Glamour Awards, Writer of the Year
 * 2012 London Press Club, Columnist of the Year
 * 2013 Comment Awards, Culture Commentator of the Year
 * 2015 Glamour Awards, Columnist of the Year

title: Caitlin Moran


text:
Salt Lake City and County Building

The Salt Lake City and County Building, usually called the "City-County Building", is the seat of government for Salt Lake City, Utah. The historic landmark formerly housed offices for Salt Lake County government as well, hence the name.

History
The building was originally constructed by free masons between 1891 and 1894 to house offices for the city and county of Salt Lake and replace the Salt Lake City Council Hall and Salt Lake County Courthouse, both erected in the 1860s.

Construction of the building was riddled with controversy. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the City and County Building was the symbol of non-Mormon citizens' open defiance of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was designed to rival the Salt Lake Temple as the city's architectural centerpiece. It is even thought that the building's clock tower and statues were designed to mimic the temple's spires and statue of the angel Moroni. Ironically, the building was originally the 1880s brainchild of the Church-backed "People's Party." When the non-Mormon "Liberal Party" was campaigning for city government, they deemed the proposed "joint building" an example of the Church's extravagance and wastefulness. In a reversal of stance, the Liberals decided to go ahead with the building when they finally gained power in 1890. Construction began in February on State Street at about 100 South.

For nebulous reasons, construction was halted that November after only the foundation had been laid. The mostly non-Mormon city council questioned the buildings plans which had been completed during the People's Party reign, and wavered on how to proceed. The Deseret News complained that the Liberals were wasting taxpayer money. Ultimately, the original plans and site for the building were scrapped and the whole project was moved to the building's current location at Washington Square. The Deseret News claimed this move served the City Council, which owned property around the site and would profit from increased land values. Nonetheless construction on new plans began by late 1891. The cornerstone was laid July 25, 1892. Mormon president Wilford Woodruff's journals reported his attendance at the building's dedication on Dec, 28 1894.

The architectural firm of Monheim, Bird, and Proudfoot designed the Richardsonian Romanesque building (Olpin et al., 2005). Henry Monheim (a local architect since the 1870s), George Washington Bird (1854-1950; from Wichita, Kansas and William Thomas Proudfoot (1860-1928; also of Wichita) established the firm in 1891 specifically to design the building. Their firm won a building design contest against fourteen other submissions. However, The Salt Lake Herald—another LDS-backed paper—claimed that the competition was a "pretentious fraud." Monheim, a Prussian immigrant, died one year into construction. Bird and Proudfoot moved to Philadelphia and Chicago respectively by 1896, so the City-County Building was their firm's only output.

The building was monstrously over budget. Estimated by the firm at $350,000, the winning contractor bid $377,978, but by the building's dedication on December 28, 1894, it had cost nearly $900,000. Complicating matters was the Panic of 1893 which cut Salt Lake City and County revenues nearly in half. As a result of this, plans for large stained glass windows for the building were discarded.

Although now used exclusively by Salt Lake City government, the building originally served many functions. Salt Lake County offices called the structure home until the 1980s when the County elected to build a new complex at 2100 South and State Street.

The building served as Utah's Capitol from when statehood was granted in 1896 until the present Utah State Capitol was completed in 1915. The Salt Lake City and County building also housed Salt Lake's first public library and contained courtrooms, including one that condemned organizer Joe Hill to death amid international attention in 1914.

At the conclusion of a few years of exhaustive renovation and remodeling of the building, and with an eye toward historical accuracy, the building was reopened in 1989. This was done in concert with a seismic upgrade called base isolation that placed the weak sandstone structure on a foundation of steel and rubber to better protect it from earthquake damage.

In March of 2020, the building was shuttered after a 5.7-magnitude earthquake that shook the Wasatch Front. However, thanks to the base isolation invested in decades ago, the repairs needed were minimal. The building was reopened to the public in November of 2021.

Features
The Salt Lake City and County Building's central clock tower is topped with a statue of Columbia and rises 256 feet (78 m) from the ground. The building's primary axis runs north-south, and large entrances mark each cardinal direction. On the south wing (over the Mayor's office) is a bronze statue of the goddess Justice. Originally, the building had statues depicting Commerce, Liberty, Justice, and Columbia, but the others were removed following a 1934 earthquake. Columbia and the other missing statues were replaced on top of the building when it was renovated in 1989.

The building's surface is elaborately carved from the gray Utah Kyune sandstone it's made of. To the right of the entrance on the south side is the face of Father DeSmet, a Jesuit priest who preached to Native Americans and had contact with the Latter-day Saints before and after they traveled to Utah. To the left is the Spanish conquistador García López de Cárdenas who explored Southern Utah by 1540. Above the granite columns on the east and west sides of the building are carvings of pioneer women. Between the portal and balcony are portraits of Chief Joseph and Chief Wakara and Jim Bridger. Above the west entrance left-to-right are R. N. Baskin, mayor of Salt Lake City in 1892-1895, Jedediah M. Grant, Salt Lake's first mayor in 1851-1857, and Jacob B. Blair Salt Lake County's probate judge in 1892-1895. The north side features a depiction of the Domínguez–Escalante expedition which entered Utah in 1776 and named many of the state's physical features. Gargoyles, eagles, sea monsters, beehives, Masonic icons, suns, and other symbols dot the building's rich exterior.

Walter Baird and Oswald Lendi carved most of the building's features. Lendi, a French sculptor, whimsically carved his face between the words "City" and "Hall" above the north entrance.

The building has five floors and over one hundred rooms. Onyx lines the hall of each lavishly decorated floor. The third floor houses the mayor's office in the south wing and the city council chambers in the north. The council meeting room features an 1865 life-sized portrait of Brigham Young. Portraits of the city's past mayors up to and including Ross "Rocky" Anderson line the corridor between these offices. The third floor features an exhibit commemorating the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City.

Around the time of the 2002 Salt Lake Olympics, and for a limited time, an electric display depicting the Olympic rings was allowed to be displayed on four sides of the central tower of the City and County building. The Olympic display has since been removed from the building.

Washington Square

The City-County Building sits between State Street, Second East, Fourth South, and Fifth South in Salt Lake City, a block called "Washington Square." Named for George Washington, the block is the site of the original 1847 Mormon pioneers' camp in Salt Lake City.

title: Salt Lake City and County Building


text:
Cotton tensor

In differential geometry, the Cotton tensor on a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold of dimension n is a third-order tensor concomitant of the metric. The vanishing of the Cotton tensor for n = 3 is necessary and sufficient condition for the manifold to be locally conformally flat. By contrast, in dimensions n ≥ 4, the vanishing of the Cotton tensor is necessary but not sufficient for the metric to be conformally flat; instead, the corresponding necessary and sufficient  condition in these higher dimensions is the vanishing of the Weyl tensor, while the Cotton tensor just becomes a constant times the divergence of the Weyl tensor. For n < 3 the Cotton tensor is identically zero. The concept is named after Émile Cotton.

The proof of the classical result that for n = 3 the vanishing of the Cotton tensor is equivalent to the metric being conformally flat is given by Eisenhart using a standard integrability argument. This tensor density is uniquely characterized by its conformal properties coupled with the demand that it be differentiable for arbitrary metrics, as shown by.

Recently, the study of three-dimensional spaces is becoming of great interest, because the Cotton tensor restricts the relation between the Ricci tensor and the energy–momentum tensor of matter in the Einstein equations and plays an important role in the Hamiltonian formalism of general relativity.

Definition
In coordinates, and denoting the Ricci tensor by Rij and the scalar curvature by R, the components of the Cotton tensor are

 * $$C_{ijk} = \nabla_{k} R_{ij} - \nabla_{j} R_{ik} + \frac{1}{2(n-1)}\left( \nabla_{j}Rg_{ik} - \nabla_{k}Rg_{ij}\right).$$

The Cotton tensor can be regarded as a vector valued 2-form, and for n = 3 one can use the Hodge star operator to convert this into a second order trace free tensor density

 * $$C_i^j = \nabla_{k} \left( R_{li} - \frac{1}{4} Rg_{li}\right)\epsilon^{klj},$$

sometimes called the Cotton–York tensor.

Conformal rescaling
Under conformal rescaling of the metric $$\tilde{g} = e^{2\omega} g$$ for some scalar function $$\omega$$. We see that the Christoffel symbols transform as

 * $$\widetilde{\Gamma}^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}=\Gamma^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}+S^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}$$

where $$S^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}$$ is the tensor

 * $$S^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma} = \delta^{\alpha}_{\gamma} \partial_{\beta} \omega + \delta^{\alpha}_{\beta} \partial_{\gamma} \omega - g_{\beta\gamma} \partial^{\alpha} \omega$$

The Riemann curvature tensor transforms as

 * $${\widetilde{R}^{\lambda}}{}_{\mu\alpha\beta}={R^{\lambda}}_{\mu\alpha\beta}+\nabla_{\alpha}S^{\lambda}_{\beta\mu}-\nabla_{\beta}S^{\lambda}_{\alpha\mu}+S^{\lambda}_{\alpha\rho}S^{\rho}_{\beta\mu}-S^{\lambda}_{\beta\rho}S^{\rho}_{\alpha\mu}$$

In $$n$$-dimensional manifolds, we obtain the Ricci tensor by contracting the transformed Riemann tensor to see it transform as

 * $$\widetilde{R}_{\beta\mu}=R_{\beta\mu}-g_{\beta\mu}\nabla^{\alpha}\partial_{\alpha}\omega-(n-2)\nabla_{\mu}\partial_{\beta}\omega+(n-2)(\partial_{\mu}\omega\partial_{\beta}\omega-g_{\beta\mu}\partial^{\lambda}\omega\partial_{\lambda}\omega)$$

Similarly the Ricci scalar transforms as

 * $$\widetilde{R}=e^{-2\omega}R-2e^{-2\omega}(n-1)\nabla^{\alpha}\partial_{\alpha}\omega-(n-2)(n-1)e^{-2\omega}\partial^{\lambda}\omega\partial_{\lambda}\omega$$

Combining all these facts together permits us to conclude the Cotton-York tensor transforms as

 * $$\widetilde{C}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}=C_{\alpha\beta\gamma}+(n-2)\partial_{\lambda}\omega {W_{\beta\gamma\alpha}}^{\lambda}$$

or using coordinate independent language as

 * $$ \tilde{C} = C \; + (n-2) \; \operatorname{grad} \, \omega \; \lrcorner \; W,$$

where the gradient is contracted with the Weyl tensor W.

Symmetries
The Cotton tensor has the following symmetries:

 * $$C_{ijk} = - C_{ikj} \, $$

and therefore

 * $$C_{[ijk]} = 0. \, $$

In addition the Bianchi formula for the Weyl tensor can be rewritten as

 * $$\delta W = (3-n) C, \, $$

where $$\delta$$ is the positive divergence in the first component of W.

title: Cotton tensor


text: Category:1556 births

title: Category:1556 births


text:
Hurstpierpoint

Hurstpierpoint is a village in the Mid Sussex district, in the county of West Sussex, England, 4 mi southwest of Burgess Hill, and 1.5 mi west of Hassocks railway station. It sits in the civil parish of Hurstpierpoint and Sayers Common  which has an area of 2029.88 ha and a population of 7,112.

The village was once chiefly one long street running east and west and most of the buildings in it are of the 18th century or later. The late 20th Century and early 21st Century saw Hurstpierpoint expanding greatly with new homes built north, east and west of the village.

Hurstpierpoint hosts the Hurst Festival which takes place every summer and has an active Scouts and Guides Groups.

Established in 1962, the Hurstpierpoint Society is a village organization with over 1,300 members, dedicated to enhancing and safeguarding the village surroundings and examining local planning proposals.

•Did you know?

In 1844, there was a renowned pleasure park in Hurstpierpoint known as Chinese Gardens, situated on Chinese Road which has since been renamed Western Road. This park boasted various attractions including a lake, donkey rides, a hotel, restaurants, and other amusements. On Monday the 27th of May 1844, the park's opening was officially announced in the public newspapers.

Fast forward to the present day, Chinese Gardens Takeaway in Hurstpierpoint was inaugurated on Monday the 27th of May 2024.

Remarkably, this opening coincides with the exact date, day, and month, 180 years later and within a distance of less than 800 meters from the original park location.

Geography
The village is built on a sandstone ridge, 145 ft above sea level, running east and west across the parish, on the road from Lewes to Albourne. This is crossed in the centre of the village by Cuckfield Road which goes north to Cuckfield. Hurstpierpoint is located close to the A23.

History
The Hurstpierpoint manor held all the land in a giant parish. Before the Norman Conquest it was owned by Earl Godwin. The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. After the Conquest, it was held by the de Pierpoints for many centuries.

There were twin Parks at Hurstpierpoint through the later Middle Ages, Little Park north of the Greensand ridge and Danny, or Great Park to its south. Danny Park was made by enclosing existing woodland in the early 13th century. It remained a special place right up until the 1970s, particularly for its many ancient elms, which formed an avenue northwards from the house.

The name "Hurstpierpoint" derives from two sources. The first source is 'Hurst', the Saxon name for a wooded hill. The hill woodland is likely to have been on the shadier, northern side of the greensand ridge, for the sunny south side is partially on the Lower Greensand which is an area that early farmers would have settled for the fertile ground, for example at Wanbarrow, Washbrooks, Tott Farm and Bedlam Street. The second source is de Pierpoint family who were early owners of the property. Throughout the centuries there have been several variants on the Hurstpierpoint name e.g. Herst (11th century); Herstperpunt (14th century); Perpondesherst (15th century).

In 1971 the civil parish had a population of 5355. On 1 April 2000 the parish was abolished to form "Hurstpierpoint and Sayers Common", part also went to Albourne and Burgess Hill.

Notable buildings and areas
The greensand ridge from Hurstpierpoint to Ditchling, is tracked by both the modern B2116 road, and the Roman Greensand Way whose camber is still visible at Randolphs Farm and at Danny's Sandy Field.

Despite being sandwiched between Hassocks and the ever growing Burgess Hill to the east and the London to Brighton A23 road to the west, Hurstpierpoint is in an attractive setting. To the south are the South Downs and the impressive Wolstonbury Hill. Between the village and the Hill is Danny Park and the Danny Woods. To the north of Hurstpierpoint is a waterland geography which is centred around the Herrings Stream.

There are five churches in the village which are St George's (not in use), Hurstpierpoint Methodist Church, Hurstpierpoint Good News Church and St Luke's Roman Catholic Church, which was closed in December 2019 and the Holy Trinity parish church.

Holy Trinity
The parish church was a Norman church, but was largely rebuilt from the designs of Sir Charles Barry in 1843–5, who was famous for designing the Houses of Parliament. In 1854, the north chapel was added, in 1874 the south chapel and the north transept has been fitted up as a chapel in memory of those who died in the War of 1914–18. A number of funeral monuments and fittings were preserved from the old church. The font is probably from the 13th century, but the heavy round bowl has been reworked and painted. In the east window of the south chapel are set fifteen medallions of German or Flemish glass of the 16th and 17th centuries. In the south chapel is a much weathered recumbent effigy from 1260 of a cross-legged knight in chain armour, and at the west end of the north aisle is a much mutilated effigy of a knight from 1340. In the churchyard by the west wall are five tapering coffin lids from the 12th or 13th century, with hollow chamfered edges. One shows faint traces of a raised cross. The pavement outside the west doorway has about 150 inlaid slip tiles from the late 13th or early 14th century, which are suffering from wear.

Danny House
Danny House is an extravagant Elizabethan building. It is built of warm brick with a sunny Queen Anne south face and an E-faced eastern front with mullioned stone windows rising to the full height of the building and flooding the Great Hall behind in morning light.

Elms once lined the drive to the House, but are now gone as a result of Dutch elm disease.

Danny Lake and Pondtail Wood that embraces it have been restored in recent times. The wood has bluebells, anemones and primroses.

Herrings Stream
The Herrings Stream is a tributary of the eastern River Adur and runs to the north of Hurstpierpoint. Walking from Cobb's Mill east to Eylesford Bridge (on the A273) reveals wetlands that passes many bridges and lost fordings including Cobbsmill Bridge, Gold Bridge (as in marsh marigold, kingcups), Stalker Bridge, Danworthbrook Bridge, Ruckford and Eylesford Bridge. A kilometre from Cobb's Mill to Stalker Bridge (where the Cuckfield Road crosses) you can walk alongside the running mill leat, with its sticklebacks, emperor dragonflies, grey wagtails, banded demoiselles and house martins. Upstream of Ruckford and Hammond's Mills the leats no longer function, but can still be made out.

East of Ruckford Mill there is a wooded lily pond with clear water and much hornwort and curled pondweed. Between Ruckford Mill and Locks Manor are two well managed archaic flower meadows, e.g.. Between Danworth and Kent's Farms the river meanders, and in some places little brook meadows survive. At other points they have been incorporated into larger fields.

Local woods
On the northeastern edge of Hurstpierpoint there are still two ancient woods. Tilley's Copse is a bluebell wood, with crab apple, wych elm, gean, midland thorn and hornbeam. The Wilderness, just to the south, is a damper place.

On the Gault Clay, south of Hurstpierpoint and Hassocks, are a cluster of ancient woods centred on the Elizabethan mansion of Danny, which have mostly escaped coniferisation and heavy recreational damage. They are damp places, with lovely spring wildflower displays.

Stalkers, Randolph's Copse and Foxhole Shaw  are rich and interesting at all times of year. Twenty ancient woodland flowers have been counted in Randolph's Copse, including lesser butterfly and early purple orchids, ransoms and guelder rose. There is also ragged robin and betony. White admiral and silver-washed fritillary butterflies have been recorded here. There can be orange waxcaps on the narrowing rides of Foxhole Shaw.

Old Wood, next to Danny, has been damaged by the whims of past big house owners, with heavy planting of non-local species, including lots of horse chestnut and both large leaved and common lime. The Gill is a coppiced ash wood east of New Way Lane.

Education
St Lawrence Church of England Primary School is located close to the centre of the village and is for children 4 to 11 years of age. Also located in the village is the public school, Hurstpierpoint College, to be found to the north-east of the village, and the pre-school, next to the Primary School, for children 2 to 5 years of age.

St Lawrence Fair
Every July the St Lawrence Fair takes place in Hurstpierpoint. The fair was granted a royal charter in 1313 and is still an important event in the life of the village. The fair takes place on the first Saturday in July and begins with a procession of floats through the high street. These are made by groups such as playschools, primary schools, scouts and brownies and have a different theme each year. Other popular events of the day are the family fun run and the tug-o-war where the local pubs battle it out for a barrel of beer. In 2007 and 2008 it was won by the White Horse of Albourne Road. The fair is home to Harris fun fair and usually has a chair-o-plane amongst its rides as well as different stalls such as a coconut shy. Charities and businesses from around the area place stalls, tombolas and raffles around the centre, and on the other side is the beer tent and pig roast.

Sport
Hurstpierpoint is the home of Hurstpierpoint F.C., who currently play in the Mid Sussex Football League. The club was formed in 1886, originally playing in the grounds of Danny House.

Hurstpierpoint Colts FC is a thriving FA Affiliated youth football club in the village. In 2023/4 season, the club had 400 players from u5’s through to u16’s. The club plays in the Horsham & District Youth Football League and Crawley & District Youth Football League. For the past 25 years the club has organised an annual football tournament in June that attracts 120 teams from across East and West Sussex. Youth matches are played at various venues in the village, these are; Fairfield Recreation Ground, Court Bushes Football Fields and Berrylands Playing Fields.

Hurstpierpoint is also home to a cricket club with the same name, which has several youth sides and two men's sides.

Notable people
James Hannington (1847–1885), Anglican missionary and martyr, was born here and served as curate-in-charge at St George's, Hurstpierpoint. He was the first Anglican bishop of East Africa.

A notable local resident was Jimmy Hill, former Match of the Day presenter and football player, manager and chairman, who was generous of his time for local events, clubs and societies until his death on 19 December 2015 aged 87. Greta Scacchi also lived in the village until 2011 when a dispute with a neighbour led her to leave. The agricultural chemist Sir John Saint (1898–1987) lived at Selwyn in St George's Lane. The Olympic runner Frank Salvat also lived there until his death in 2013, and Brighton & Hove Albion winger Kazenga LuaLua lived in the village. Likewise, Brighton & Hove Albion centre back and captain Lewis Dunk has lived in Hurstpierpoint since 2016. The village was home to the geologist and authority on mollusca Robert Ashington Bullen (1850–1912) for a period. William Walcot RE (1874–1943), architect, graphic artist and etcher, notable as a practitioner of refined Art Nouveau in Moscow, committed suicide at Hurstpierpoint.

Haydn Gwynne was born on 21 March 1957 in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, to Rosamond (née Dobson) and Guy Thomas Haydn Gwynne (1915–1994).[1]

Stand-up comedian and presenter Glenn Moore grew up in the village. Journalist Emily Morgan lived in the village.

title: Hurstpierpoint


text: Category:Jefferson County, Texas

title: Category:Jefferson County, Texas


text:
User talk:Ironyage

Martin Hollys

I'm just getting started here. I'm interested in developing film and literary pages, where necessary.

title: User talk:Ironyage


text: Category:Lake County, Ohio

title: Category:Lake County, Ohio