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Petr Čech

Petr Čech (born 20 May 1982) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper and current ice hockey player who plays as a goaltender for Oxford City Stars. He has been described as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time, and, by some, as the greatest goalkeeper, alongside Peter Schmeichel, in Premier League history.

Čech began his senior career at Chmel Blšany in 1999, where he played sporadically for two seasons prior to relocating to Sparta Prague in 2001. At age 19, Čech became a first team regular, and his single campaign with the club saw him register a league record of not conceding a goal in 903 competitive minutes. This led to his first move abroad, when he relocated to France to join Ligue 1 side Rennes for a fee of €5.5 million (£3.9 million) in 2002.

In France, Čech starred in an under-performing team, and was the subject of a then club-record transfer for a goalkeeper when he moved to Premier League side Chelsea for a fee of £7 million (€9.8 million) in 2004. In his eleven-year spell at Chelsea, Čech made 494 appearances in all competitions, making him the club's seventh most capped player of all time. He also helped the club win four Premier League titles, four FA Cups, three League Cups, one UEFA Champions League title, and one UEFA Europa League title. Čech also holds Chelsea's all-time record for clean sheets, with 228. Čech departed Chelsea in 2015 to join city rivals Arsenal for a fee of £10 million, where he won another FA Cup before retiring in 2019.

A Czech international, Čech made his debut with the Czech Republic in 2002, and is the most capped player in the history of the Czech national team, with 124 caps. He represented his country at the 2006 World Cup, as well as the 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 European Championships. He was voted into the Euro 2004 All-Star team after helping the Czechs reach the semi-finals, and served as the team's captain, prior to retiring from international competition in 2016. Čech also holds the record for the most Czech Footballer of the Year and Czech Golden Ball wins. Čech holds a number of goalkeeping records, including the Premier League record for fewest appearances required to reach 100 clean sheets, having done so in 180 appearances, the most clean sheets in a season (24), as well as the record for the most clean sheets in Premier League history (202). Čech is also the only goalkeeper to have won the Premier League Golden Glove with two separate clubs, and has won it a joint record four times; in the 2004–05, 2009–10, 2013–14 and the 2015–16 seasons. He was voted the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper in 2005, received the award of Best Goalkeeper in the 2004–05, 2006–07 and 2007–08 editions of the UEFA Champions League, and went 1,025 minutes without conceding a goal in the 2004–05 season, a league record. He has the third most clean sheets since 2000 among all goalkeepers.

Early career
Čech started playing football aged seven for Škoda Plzeň (later known as Viktoria Plzeň). In his early days, he played as a striker, although he moved to the goalkeeper position after breaking his leg at age ten. Čech joined Czech First League team Chmel Blšany in June 1999 and made his league debut at the age of 17 in October 1999, in a 3–1 loss against Sparta.

Čech signed a five-and-a-half-year contract with Sparta Prague at the age of 18 in January 2001, although he remained at Blšany until the end of the 2000–01 season. In November 2001, Čech broke the record formerly held by Theodor Reimann for the longest time elapsed without conceding a goal in the Czech professional league, stretching his run to 855 minutes. His clean sheet record finally ended when he was beaten by a goal from Marcel Melecký of Bohemians on 17 November 2001, ending his record at 903 consecutive minutes without conceding.

Despite Čech not winning the league title in the spring of 2002 with Sparta, he attracted interest from English clubs including Arsenal due to his international performances. Due to difficulties in obtaining a work permit, however, a proposed deal with the Gunners fell through.

Rennes
In July 2002, Čech moved to French club Rennes, signing a four-year contract for a transfer fee reported as CZK150 million (€5.5 million).

During his first season in France, he was awarded man of the match against Paris Saint-Germain by L'Équipe. In May 2003, Rennes was at the bottom of the league table, yet escaped relegation with a win over Montpellier in the final matchday.

Chelsea
Chelsea made a transfer bid for Čech in January 2004 which was rejected. However in February Rennes agreed to Čech's move to Chelsea for £7 million. Čech signed a five-year contract, to commence in July 2004, becoming the most expensive goalkeeper in Chelsea's history at that time. Čech's was one of many British club transfers that came under the spotlight in the 2006 football corruption investigation for being potentially in breach of transfer regulations. The Stevens inquiry report, published in June 2007, found no evidence of illegal payments.

2004–06: Golden Glove, back-to-back Premier League wins
When Čech arrived at Chelsea, Carlo Cudicini was already established as Chelsea's first choice goalkeeper. Cudicini, however, suffered a pre-season elbow injury that allowed Chelsea manager José Mourinho to promote Čech into the starting spot, where he became the first-choice goalkeeper in his first season. He kept a clean sheet in his Premier League debut in a 1–0 victory over Manchester United. On 5 March 2005, Čech set a new Premier League record of 1,025 minutes without letting in a goal, though his record was later broken by Manchester United's Edwin van der Sar. Čech finally conceded to Leon McKenzie of Norwich City, after keeping a clean sheet in the league since 12 December 2004 when Thierry Henry scored for Arsenal. Čech was given a special award by the Premier League for the new record, and he was also awarded the Premier League Golden Glove at the end of the 2004–05 season for keeping a record 24 clean sheets in the Premier League.

Chelsea retained the Premier League title in the 2005–06 season, with Čech playing in 34 league matches. Chelsea conceded just 22 times during the season. In January 2006, he was named the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper for 2005. In February 2006, Čech signed a two-year contract extension, keeping him at the club until 2010. He was also named the Czech Footballer of the Year for the first time.

Čech underwent minor shoulder surgery on 27 June 2006 to repair a long-standing injury stemming from the previous season. He returned to action on 27 August 2006.

Head injury
Čech sustained a head injury in the match against Reading at the Madejski Stadium on 14 October 2006 when he collided with Reading midfielder Stephen Hunt inside Chelsea's penalty area within the first minute of a Premier League match. Hunt's right knee hit Čech's head, leaving the goalkeeper requiring treatment. Čech was taken off after several minutes and replaced by Carlo Cudicini, who himself was knocked unconscious later in the same game, forcing Chelsea captain John Terry to play in goal for the match's remaining minutes. Čech underwent surgery for a depressed skull fracture. Initially unaware of the seriousness of the injury, the doctors later reported that it nearly cost Čech his life, and as a result of the collision, he suffered intense headaches. Chelsea went on to win the match 1–0.

Chelsea manager José Mourinho blamed Hunt for Čech's injury, saying that his challenge was "a disgrace". He also criticised the South Central Ambulance Service and match referee Mike Riley. A number of commentators, including current and former goalkeepers, saw the incident as highlighting the need for greater protection for goalkeepers.

Čech was able to return home on 24 October 2006 and participated in light training the following week. Chelsea, however, announced that the goalkeeper would be out for three months, in line with medical advice on the time needed for complete recovery from the skull fracture. In an interview, Čech said that he had no memory of the injury itself.

Return
Čech made his comeback in a Premier League match in a 2–0 defeat against Liverpool on 20 January 2007, wearing a rugby style headguard made by Canterbury of New Zealand and carrying the manufacturer's logo. This caused friction with Czech national team sponsor Puma and Chelsea's apparel manufacturer Adidas. The matter was resolved after the latter sponsor developed its own headgear for Čech to wear in club matches, while the player went on to wear an unbranded cap for national team games. Čech wore the headguard for the rest of his career.

Although Chelsea lost Čech's comeback match, he then went approximately 810 minutes of Premier League play without conceding a goal. On 11 April 2007, Čech was awarded the Premier League Player of the Month for the first time in his career, in recognition of his eight successive league clean sheets. He was the first goalkeeper to receive the award since Tim Flowers in 2000. This run was ended during a 4–1 Chelsea victory over West Ham United on 18 April 2007 when Carlos Tevez scored against him.

Čech also kept a clean sheet for Chelsea in the 2007 FA Cup Final against Manchester United. He and United's Edwin van der Sar shared the honour of being the first goalkeepers to keep a clean sheet over 90 minutes in a competitive fixture at the new Wembley Stadium, but Čech became the first goalkeeper to end a competitive game unbeaten, as Chelsea beat United 1–0 to win the FA Cup.

2007–09: UEFA Champions League finalist, FA Cup triumph

Čech started the 2007–08 season conceding two goals against Birmingham City in the first match of the season. Despite this, Chelsea managed to win 3–2 and set an English record for their 64th consecutive unbeaten league match at home.

In November 2007, Čech suffered an injury to his right calf muscle in the 0–0 UEFA Champions League group stage match at Schalke 04. The following month, on 23 December 2007, he had to be replaced during a match against Blackburn Rovers due to a hip injury.

Chelsea suffered their first major blow when they lost the League Cup final to Tottenham Hotspur, with Čech parrying the ball onto Jonathan Woodgate's head for the winner. He played in several games until injuring his ankle in training on the eve of Chelsea's home Champions League tie with Greek champions Olympiacos. In the weeks that followed, Čech missed key games of Chelsea's campaign, including the derby with Arsenal and both legs of the Champions League quarter-final.

On 7 April 2008, it was announced that Čech had undergone emergency surgery on his chin and lips following an accidental collision with Tal Ben Haim during training. He had 50 stitches put on his mouth and chin. He returned to action on 14 April, in a home match against Wigan Athletic which Chelsea drew 1–1. He appeared in the Champions League final against Manchester United, where Chelsea lost in a penalty shoot-out.

Čech signed a new five-year contract in July 2008 to keep him at Chelsea until 2013. Chelsea started the 2008–09 season in good form, conceding only 7 goals in 17 games and keeping 11 clean sheets, 10 of which with Čech in goal.

In November 2008, Chelsea beat Sunderland 5–0 at Stamford Bridge, a game which marked the 100th match Čech had played for Chelsea without conceding a goal. Chelsea had a 1–0 victory over Juventus in the Champions League on his 200th appearance for the club, and he also starred in a 1–0 away victory at Villa Park against Aston Villa, saving from Gabriel Agbonlahor and Gareth Barry. The following week, Čech helped Chelsea move up to second place in the league by saving from Paul Scharner in the first half against Wigan Athletic at Stamford Bridge, where Chelsea won 2–1. Successive clean sheets by Čech in Chelsea's wins against Portsmouth and Coventry City saw his side consolidate their position in the Premier League whilst progressing into the FA Cup semi-finals. Čech also made saves from Dirk Kuyt and Xabi Alonso as Chelsea beat Liverpool 3–1 at Anfield in the first leg of the Champions League quarter-final.

In a crucial Premier League game in April 2009, with Chelsea comfortably leading 4–0 against Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea manager Guus Hiddink took off both Didier Drogba and Frank Lampard only for Bolton to score three late goals which questioned the Chelsea defence, and in particular Čech. Čech, however, responded when he saved a penalty from Mark Noble in Chelsea's 1–0 win at the Boleyn Ground against West Ham. He also kept a clean sheet in the next game against Barcelona during the Champions League semi-final first leg match. Following a 3–2 win against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light, Čech and Chelsea finished the season with the joint-tightest defence in the Premier League along with Manchester United, having conceded just 24 goals over the course of the season. Despite conceding the fastest goal in FA Cup final history, Čech helped Chelsea's 2009 FA Cup Final triumph over Everton. Chelsea won 2–1, earning the Czech his seventh trophy at the club.

Former Chelsea coach Luiz Felipe Scolari accused Čech, Michael Ballack and Drogba of causing his sacking, saying that they "did not accept my training methods or my demands". Scolari also said that it stemmed from a row between him and the Czech goalkeeper over the latter's alleged insistence on being given a personal coach. Čech denied the claims saying that he was "disappointed with [Scolari] because never in my life have I had a personal goalkeeping coach".

2009–10: Domestic double, second Golden Glove
Čech began the 2009–10 season in winning form with Chelsea, beating Manchester United in the Community Shield final at Wembley. With the game level at 2–2 at the end of normal time, Čech saved penalties from Ryan Giggs and Patrice Evra. Čech kept goal for Chelsea in the six-match winning run that opened their season and placed them on top of the Premier League. On 26 September 2009, however, Čech was sent off and at the same time conceded the winning penalty for a trip on Wigan forward Hugo Rodallega, in the defeat that broke the run and conceded the lead in the league to Manchester United. On 27 February 2010, Čech sustained a calf injury in the Champions League match against Inter Milan. On 13 April, Čech kept his 100th Premier League clean sheet for Chelsea, against Bolton. He won his second Premier League Golden Glove award for the season, having kept 17 clean sheets in the Premier League as Chelsea secured a third title. He concluded his season by saving a Kevin-Prince Boateng penalty against Portsmouth in the FA Cup final, ensuring that the Blues went on to retain the Cup and achieve their first domestic double.

2010–13: Sustained domestic and European success

During 2010–11 pre-season training, Čech reaggravated the calf injury he suffered against Inter the previous season. Scans revealed a muscle tear that sidelined him for the next three weeks, including Chelsea's 3–1 loss to Manchester United in the Community Shield. He returned on 14 August and kept a clean sheet as Chelsea beat West Bromwich Albion 6–0. Čech then kept another clean sheet in a 2–0 win over Arsenal, before keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw at Villa Park. On 7 March, Čech made his 300th Chelsea appearance, against Premier League side Blackpool, which Chelsea went on to win 3–1. On 19 May, Čech was awarded the Chelsea Player of the Year for the first time. More than 28,000 fans voted for the award, which was handed over by Chelsea manager Carlo Ancelotti.

Čech started the opening game of Chelsea's 2011–12 Premier League season away to Stoke City, which ended 0–0. On 18 August 2011, Čech was ruled out for up to four weeks after he sustained a knee injury in training. He made his return three weeks later against Sunderland in which Chelsea won 2–1. He kept a clean sheet in Chelsea's first Champions League match of the season in a 2–0 win over Bayer Leverkusen. On 27 February, Čech was announced as the Czech Footballer of the Year for 2011, winning the award for the fifth time. On 24 March, Čech played his 250th league game for Chelsea against Tottenham Hotspur in a 0–0 draw at Stamford Bridge. Čech saved a penalty in extra time against former teammate Arjen Robben, and two penalties in the subsequent penalty shoot-out, of the 2012 Champions League final against Bayern Munich resulting in the first Champions League win for Chelsea. Čech was named the Fans' Man of the Match following his heroic performance in goal for The Blues. By winning the Champions League, Čech became just the fourth Czech to win the competition. He finished the season by signing a new four-year contract with Chelsea in May, keeping him with the club until the end of the 2015–16 season.

Čech started in Chelsea's first match of the 2012–13 season, the 2012 Community Shield against Manchester City, but failed to keep a clean sheet as Chelsea went down 3–2 to goals from Yaya Touré, Carlos Tevez and Samir Nasri. He also featured in the last UEFA Super Cup to be played at Monaco's Stade Louis II, in which he conceded four goals as Chelsea lost 4–1 to the UEFA Europa League winners Atlético Madrid. In October 2012, Čech took the captain's armband as regular Chelsea captain John Terry was sidelined with a four-match ban.

In May 2013, Čech won the UEFA Europa League when Chelsea defeated Benfica 2–1 in the final.

2013–15: Third Golden Glove and departure
On 19 October 2013, Čech made his 300th Premier League appearance for Chelsea, in a 4–1 home win over newly promoted side Cardiff City. On 11 January 2014, he kept his 209th clean sheet for Chelsea in all competitions in a 2–0 away win at Hull City, beating the club record set by Peter Bonetti.

On 18 March 2014, Čech made his 100th UEFA Champions League appearance in a 2–0 win over Galatasaray at Stamford Bridge. He became the fourth goalkeeper to make a century of appearances in the competition after Iker Casillas, Víctor Valdés and Oliver Kahn.

On 22 April 2014, Čech was substituted in the first leg of the Champions League semi-final against Atlético Madrid with a shoulder injury. Chelsea manager José Mourinho stated that the injury would prevent Čech from playing again in the 2013–14 season. Despite the injury, Čech would finish the season as the joint winner of the Premier League Golden Glove award along with Arsenal goalkeeper Wojciech Szczęsny, both keeping 16 clean sheets.

Čech's place as Chelsea's starting goalkeeper was taken at the start of the season by Thibaut Courtois. This was possibly due to Čech's long standing injury concerns to his shoulder, back and knees. On 24 September 2014, Čech made his first appearance of the season against Bolton in the third round of the League Cup, a 2–1 victory. He made his first league appearance of the season on 5 October, replacing the injured Courtois in the first half of a 2–0 home win over Arsenal. His second start of the season came in the Champions League group stage victory against Slovenian side Maribor, keeping a clean sheet as Chelsea won 6–0. With Courtois injured, Čech made his first league start of the season on 13 December against Hull, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 win.

Despite him being second choice, Mourinho stated that Čech would not be sold in the January 2015 transfer window due to third-choice Mark Schwarzer leaving for Leicester City. During that month, Čech made back to back starts in the Premier League against Newcastle United at home, followed by Swansea City away from home, keeping clean sheets in both wins. On 1 March 2015, Čech started in goal in the 2015 Football League Cup final against Tottenham Hotspur, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 victory to win the trophy for the third time in his career.

2015–16: Fourth Golden Glove, league runner-up

Čech signed for Chelsea's Premier League rivals Arsenal on a four-year contract on 29 June 2015, for a fee of around £10 million. His move saw him subjected to death threats by a few Chelsea supporters. The departure of Wojciech Szczęsny to Roma on loan made Čech first-choice goalkeeper ahead of David Ospina. On 2 August, Čech won his first trophy with Arsenal after beating former side Chelsea 1–0 in the 2015 FA Community Shield. A week later, he made his Premier League debut for Arsenal in a 2–0 home defeat to West Ham. On 20 October, he made his first Champions League appearance for Arsenal in a 2–0 win against Bayern Munich.

Čech recorded his 170th Premier League clean sheet in a 2–0 win against AFC Bournemouth on 28 December 2015, setting a new league record and overtaking previous record holder David James. On 2 March 2016, he was sidelined due to a calf injury while playing against Swansea. On 2 April, he returned as an unused substitute against Watford and returned to the pitch on 17 April against Crystal Palace in a narrow 1–1 draw and guided Arsenal to its 500th Premier League win on 21 April against West Brom. Marking the end of his debut season with Arsenal, he was named the Premier League Goalkeeper of the season by critics and platforms for winning the Golden Glove with an under-performing defence.

2016–17: FA Cup win
Čech was given the captain's armband for Arsenal in their 4–3 opening day home loss to Liverpool. In September 2016, he featured for the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 rout by Arsenal of his former side Chelsea at the Emirates. On 24 April 2017, Čech played in the 2016–17 FA Cup semi-final against Manchester City at Wembley, which Arsenal won 2–1. During this season, Cech received mild criticism among Arsenal fans for his inability to play with the ball at his feet but meanwhile he had the third most clearances among all goalkeepers in Premier League with 11 which manifested his transformation into a "sweeper keeper". Čech again held the captain's armband on 10 May 2017 in a 2–0 win over Southampton at the St Mary's Stadium. Čech was sidelined for the FA Cup Final due to injury, but Arsenal beat Chelsea 2–1. Čech won his fifth FA Cup, and Arsenal became the most successful club in the history of the competition with 13 tournament wins.

2017–19: Record-breaker and retirement
Čech was Arsenal's starting goalkeeper in the 2017 Community Shield, against his former club Chelsea; following a 1–1 draw after regulation time, Arsenal won the match in a 4–1 penalty shoot-out, in which neither keeper saved a spot kick.

Čech then held the armband to captain Arsenal in their 4–3 opening day home win over Leicester City.

On 11 March 2018, Čech became the first Premier League goalkeeper to keep 200 league clean sheets, after a match against Watford in which he saved a penalty from Troy Deeney.

Čech started the season as the first choice in goal for new manager Unai Emery, but later lost his place to new signing Bernd Leno after suffering a hamstring injury during a match against Watford. On 15 January 2019, Čech announced via open letter on Twitter that he would retire at the end of the season. On 29 May, he made the final appearance of his career in Arsenal's 4–1 defeat to his former club Chelsea in the 2019 UEFA Europa League final. Several media outlets described him as Arsenal's Man of the Match.

Youth
Čech first came to prominence at the age of 20 at the 2002 U-21 European Championships, when he concede only one of the penalties in a penalty shoot-out victory over France in the final, earning the Czech Republic their first title at youth level.

Senior
Čech debuted for the senior squad in February 2002 against Hungary. After establishing himself as the first choice goalkeeper, Čech was selected in the Czech Republic's squad for UEFA Euro 2004, where he was named in the all-star team as best goalkeeper at the tournament.

UEFA European Championships
On 17 October 2007, Čech captained the Czech Republic team in their Euro 2008 Group D qualifier against Germany. He kept a clean sheet and the Czechs defeated Germany 3–0 away to book their place for the finals in Austria and Switzerland. In the last group game of the final tournament, Čech was beaten three times in the final 15 minutes as Turkey overcame a two-goal deficit to knock the Czechs out. Čech had a cross slip through his hands, allowing Nihat Kahveci to score Turkey's equalising goal.

On 29 May 2012, Čech was named in the Czech Republic's squad for Euro 2012 in Poland and Ukraine. In the Czech Republic's group match against Greece, a fumble from Čech allowed the Greeks a goal. Čech deputised for the injured Tomáš Rosický as captain in the final group match against Poland, as the Czech Republic qualified for the quarter-finals with a 1–0 victory. Čech's captaincy continued in the quarter-final, where the Czechs lost to Portugal through a 79th-minute Cristiano Ronaldo goal.

100th appearance and retirement
On 26 March 2013, Čech made his 100th appearance for the Czech Republic, keeping a clean sheet in a 3–0 win over Armenia. Čech equalled the national record of former teammate Karel Poborský on 17 November 2015, when he earned his 118th appearance in a 3–1 loss to neighbours Poland in Wrocław. The following 27 May, he took the record outright by playing in a 6–0 friendly victory over Malta.

On 8 July 2016, Čech announced his retirement from international football. He is the most capped player in the history of the Czech team, with 124 caps.

Management career and non-contract football
In June 2019, Čech returned to former club Chelsea as a technical and performance advisor.

In October 2020, Čech was included in Chelsea's 25-man Premier League squad for the 2020–21 season. The club announced that Čech was included as an emergency goalkeeper and as a non-contract player, and that this was a precautionary move due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He made one appearance for Chelsea's under-23 team in the Premier League 2.

During a protest against the proposed European Super League outside Stamford Bridge on 20 April 2021, Čech approached fans who were blocking the team bus and could be heard saying "give us time". The fans did move and the team bus was able to enter after a short delay. Later that day, Chelsea were among the first clubs to withdraw from the league.

In June 2022, Čech left Chelsea after Todd Boehly took over the club.

Ice hockey career
On 9 October 2019, Čech signed for ice hockey side Guildford Phoenix of the National Ice Hockey League Division 2 (level 4 of British hockey) as a goaltender. He chose to wear number 39 jersey in honour of Dominik Hašek. Čech said he would continue his role as a technical and performance advisor at Chelsea whilst playing ice hockey in his spare time. He was named the man of the match on his ice hockey debut on 13 October, after stopping two penalty shots in a shoot-out victory, and making several other crucial saves. After winning a treble with Guildford Phoenix in the 2021–22 season, Čech signed for the National Ice Hockey League Division 1 side Chelmsford Chieftains in November 2022. In June 2023, after one season with Chelmsford, he signed for fellow Division 1 side Oxford City Stars.

In the 2023 off-season, Čech played for the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) defending champions, Belfast Giants, in a charity match to support the continuation of ice hockey in Ukraine (amid the Russo-Ukrainian War), raising £65,000. In November 2023, he joined the club on loan as temporary emergency cover. In an interview with the Belfast Telegraph, Čech revealed that he used to play youth ice hockey in addition to football, but equipment costs forced him to play the significantly cheaper sport of football. He also stated that ice hockey was his preferred sport as a child. Čech made his first and only appearance for the Giants during his initial loan spell in a 5–1 win over the Glasgow Clan on 25 November, playing for the final five minutes of the game in relief of starting goaltender Tyler Beskorowany, and making one save. He returned to his parent club in December before re-signing for the Giants on loan for a second time in the 2023–24 season in February 2024.

Style of play
Since his emergence as a precocious talent in his youth, Čech has been considered to be one of the greatest, most consistent, and most respected goalkeepers both of his generation and of all time. A tall, athletic, agile, brave, physically strong, and well-rounded keeper, with a strong mentality, as well as good decision-making and leadership qualities; throughout his career he has stood out for his reflexes and shot-stopping abilities, as well as his positional sense, concentration, defence organisation, handling when coming off his line to claim crosses, and command of his area.

Although Čech is not as adept with the ball at his feet as the newer generation of goalkeepers that emerged in his later career, he possesses a deep kick with either foot, despite being naturally left-footed. His ability to produce deep kicks and long throws came to use in his Chelsea days for starting quick counter-attacks which were an important part of their game. In his later career, he often functioned as a sweeper keeper, due to his ability to rush off his line, anticipate opponents who had beaten the offside trap, and clear the ball away from danger. Čech is also known for his penalty-saving abilities. Some examples of his penalty saves in high-profile matches include those made in the 2012 UEFA Champions League final, the 2010 FA Cup final, and his penalty save against Blackburn during the 2004–05 season, which helped him beat Peter Schmeichel's Premier League record of 694 minutes without conceding a goal. He cited fellow goalkeepers Oliver Kahn, Schmeichel and Edwin van der Sar as inspirations in his early career.

Reception
Čech is considered to be one of the greatest goalkeepers both of his generation and of all time, as well as one of the best keepers in Premier League history, and has earned praise from several players, pundits, and managers due to his goalkeeping ability. Fellow goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon named Čech as the best goalkeeper of his era, saying: "The best goalkeeper with his feet? Pepe Reina. In the air I'd say Neuer. With his hands: Casillas. The best overall I'd say is Čech." Iker Casillas instead described him as, "One of the best goalkeepers I have ever seen" via his Twitter account. Former Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger and goalkeeper Jens Lehmann have hailed him as "one of the greatest of all time". Journalist Alan Tyers of The Telegraph described Čech as the "Premier League's best-ever goalkeeper" in 2019.

Čech currently holds two Guinness World Records for the most clean sheets in English Premier League history, and for winning the Premier League Golden Glove Award with two different clubs. Nathan Baxter, Martin Dúbravka, Marek Rodák and João Virgínia are some of the goalkeepers who have described him as their idol. In 2011, Čech was voted the third best goalkeeper of the first decade of 21st century by IFFHS. He also has the third highest number of clean sheets (391) since 2000s among all goalkeepers. Former Premier League striker and record-goalscorer Alan Shearer named Čech in his Premier League's Team of the Decade in 2019.

Personal life
Čech was born a triplet along with his sister Šárka and brother Michal in Plzeň, Czechoslovakia (present day Czech Republic). He has a weaker skull as a result of being a triplet.

Čech married Martina Dolejšová (now Čechová) (born 1982), also of Czech nationality, in June 2003. They have a daughter Adéla, born in 2008, and a son Damián, born in 2009.

He is a keen musician and plays the drums. He has a YouTube channel under his own name on which he posts video drum covers, including Incubus' "Anna Molly", as well as songs by Coldplay and Foo Fighters. He has played with Roger Taylor of Queen. In May 2019, he and Taylor released a charity single called That's Football. In 2020, he joined folk rock band Wills & The Willing as their drummer, filming their music video "Iceberg".

Along with his native language Czech, Čech also speaks English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

Football
Chelsea
 * Premier League: 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2014–15
 * FA Cup: 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12
 * Football League Cup: 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15; runner-up: 2007–08
 * FA Community Shield: 2005, 2009
 * UEFA Champions League: 2011–12; runner-up: 2007–08
 * UEFA Europa League: 2012–13
 * FIFA Club World Cup runner-up: 2012

Arsenal
 * FA Cup: 2016–17
 * FA Community Shield: 2015, 2017
 * EFL Cup runner-up: 2017–18
 * UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2018–19

Czech Republic U21
 * UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2002

Individual

 * UEFA European Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 2002
 * Best Goalkeeper of French League: 2003–04
 * Czech First League Most clean Sheets: 2001–02
 * UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2004
 * Premier League Golden Glove: 2004–05, 2009–10, 2013–14, 2015–16
 * PFA Team of the Year: 2004–05 Premier League, 2013–14 Premier League
 * Czech Footballer of the Year: 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
 * Golden Ball (Czech Republic): 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
 * IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper: 2005
 * Best European Goalkeeper: 2005, 2007, 2008, 2012
 * UEFA Club Football Awards Best Goalkeeper: 2005, 2007, 2008
 * UEFA Team of the Year: 2005
 * ESM Team of the Year: 2004–05, 2005–06
 * Premier League Player of the Month: March 2007
 * Chelsea Player of the Year: 2011
 * Premier League Hall of Fame: 2023

Ice hockey
Guildford Phoenix
 * NIHL Division 2 South Regular Season: 2021–22
 * NIHL Division 2 South Playoffs: 2021–22
 * NIHL Division 2 South Cup: 2021–22

Individual
 * NIHL 2 South Player of the Month: January 2020

Orders

 * Honorary Silver Medal of Jan Masaryk: 2019

Records

 * Most Premier League Golden Glove awards: 4 (shared with Joe Hart)
 * Most Premier League clean sheets: 202 clean sheets.
 * Most Premier League clean sheets at one club: 162 with Chelsea.
 * Most Premier League clean sheets in a season: 24 in 2004–05.
 * First Premier League goalkeeper to reach 200 clean sheets.
 * First Premier League goalkeeper to go 1000 minutes without conceding a goal.
 * Fastest Premier League goalkeeper to reach 50 clean sheets: 82 appearances.
 * Fastest Premier League goalkeeper to reach 100 clean sheets: 180 appearances.
 * Only goalkeeper to have won the Premier League Golden Glove with different clubs.
 * Most caps for Czech Republic national football team: 124 caps.
 * Most Czech Footballer of the Year wins: 9 wins.
 * Most Czech Republic Golden Ball wins: 11 wins.
 * Most Champions League appearances by a Czech player: 111 appearances.
 * Most Premier League appearances for Chelsea by a foreign player: 333 appearances.
 * Most Premier League wins for Chelsea by a foreign player: 219 wins.
 * Most appearances for Chelsea by a foreign player: 494 appearances.
 * Most penalty saves for Chelsea by a foreign player: 8 penalty saves.
 * Most starts for Chelsea in a season: 63 starts in 2012–13.
 * Most major cup final appearances for Chelsea: 14 (shared with Frank Lampard).
 * Most clean sheets for Chelsea: 227.
 * Most clean sheets in a season for Chelsea: 28 clean sheets in 2004–05.
 * Most consecutive clean sheets for Chelsea in all competitions: 7 in 2005–06 (shared record).
 * Most consecutive home league clean sheets for Chelsea: 9 in 2009–10 - 2010–11 (shared record).
 * Most consecutive home clean sheets for Chelsea in all competitions: 10 in 2009–10.
 * Most consecutive league clean sheets for Chelsea: 10 in 2004–05.
 * Most league clean sheets in a season for Chelsea: 24 in 2004–05.
 * Most away league clean sheets in a season for Chelsea: 11 in 2004–05 & 2005–06.
 * Most UEFA Best Club Goalkeeper Awards for a Premier League goalkeeper: 3 awards.
 * One of four goalkeepers to have made consecutive appearances in the ESM Team of the Year (shared with Angelo Peruzzi, Oliver Kahn, and Manuel Neuer).

title: Petr Čech


text:
Leland, Michigan

Leland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Leelanau County, part of the northwestern Lower Peninsula of the state. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 410. From 1883 to 2004, Leland was the county seat of Leelanau County, which has since moved to Suttons Bay Township.

Part of Leland Township, Leland is situated on an isthmus between Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan, and is bisected by the Leland River, flowing from the former to the latter. Leland is a significant tourism destination and summer colony, and is located nearby Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Leland also serves as the departure point for ferry service to North and South Manitou Islands, both of which are wholly included in the National Lakeshore.

History
Leland is built on the site of one of the oldest and largest Ottawa villages on the Leelanau Peninsula. Where the Leland (Carp) River flows into Lake Michigan, there was a natural fish ladder (which was a traditional Native American fishing grounds). The settlement was called Mishi-me-go-bing, meaning "the place where canoes run up into the river to land, because they have no harbor", or alternatively Che-ma-go-bing or Chi-mak-a-ping.

White settlers, who began arriving in the 1830s, also took advantage of the location as a fishing settlement. White settlement increased after Antoine Manseau, with his son Antoine Jr., and John Miller, built a dam and sawmill on the river in 1854. Construction of the dam raised the water level 12 ft, and what had been three natural lakes in the river all became a single lake now known as Lake Leelanau (and is navigable all the way to the community of Cedar, about 13 mi inland). The settlers built wooden docks, which allowed steamers and schooners to transport new settlers and supplies.

From 1870 to 1884, the Leland Lake Superior Iron Co. operated an iron smelter north of the river mouth, supplied with ore from the Upper Peninsula and charcoal made from local maple and beech timber; the charcoal was produced in fourteen beehive kilns near the smelting furnace, which produced up to 40 tons of iron per day. In 1884, the plant was sold to the Leland Lumber Co., which operated a sawmill on the site. Other sawmills and shingle mills operated in Leland during the years 1885–1900.

As early as 1880, commercial fishermen sailed out of the harbor to catch trout and whitefish, building wooden shacks where they processed their catch and serviced their fleet. Up to eight powered tugs once sailed out of "Fishtown", as the buildings came to be known. Today, the historic fishing settlement and two fish tugs, Joy and Janice Sue, are owned by a non-profit organization, the Fishtown Preservation Society. Fishtown is home to a working fishery and a thriving charter fishing business. The riverfront is lined by a boardwalk and quaint shacks that have been converted into tourist shops.

Around 1900, wealthy individuals from Chicago, Detroit, and other Midwestern industrial centers began to visit Leland and build summer cottages, arriving by Lake Michigan passenger steamer or by Lake Leelanau steamer from the railhead near Traverse City. This led to the construction of resort hotels, and the growth of Leland as a summer resort town.

Geography
Leland is in northern Leelanau County, on the west side of the Leelanau Peninsula. It is bordered to the west by Lake Michigan and to the east by the northern section of Lake Leelanau. The Leland River runs through the center of the community, connecting the two lakes. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Leland CDP has a total area of 2.58 sqkm, of which 2.53 sqkm are land and 0.06 sqkm, or 2.22%, are water.

Leland lies just north of the 45th parallel. A sign on M-22 south of Leland reads "45th Parallel Halfway Between Equator & North Pole".

Transportation

 * , the only road connecting Leland to the rest of the county. It leads northeast 11 mi to Northport and southwest 18 mi to Glen Arbor.
 * Manitou Island Transit, ferry service to North and South Manitou Island

Cultural institutions

 * Leelanau Historical Society and Museum, 203 East Cedar Street
 * Leland Township Library, 203 East Cedar Street

Michigan historical sites

 * Walter Best Women's Club (Old Art Building), 1125 Main Street
 * Riverside Inn, 302 East River Street
 * Leelanau County Jail, 106 Chandler Street
 * Leland Historic District (Fishtown)
 * Greycote Cottage, 110 Pearl Street
 * W. K. Hatt Cottage, 410 North Main Street

Notable people

 * Tim Allen (born 1953), comedian, actor
 * Thomas W. L. Ashley (1923-2010), U.S. representative (Ohio)
 * The Ball Brothers, industrialists and philanthropists
 * Charles E. Bennison (born 1943), Episcopal bishop of Pennsylvania
 * Barbara Ninde Byfield (1930-1988), author, illustrator
 * Mark Clark (1896-1984), WW2 general, Citadel president
 * John J. Gilligan (1921-2013), U.S. representative, governor of Ohio
 * Alisha Glass (born 1988), Olympic volleyball player
 * Jim Harrison (1937-2016), author, township resident from 1968-2002
 * Harlan Hatcher (1898-1998), University of Michigan president
 * Arthur F. Lederle (1887–1972), U.S. federal judge
 * Alvin Mansfield Owsley (1888-1967), attorney, diplomat
 * Keewaydinoquay Peschel (ca. 1919-1999), ethnobotanist, herbalist, educator
 * Emelia Schaub (1891-1995), county prosecutor, first female attorney in Michigan
 * Kathleen Sebelius (born 1948), U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, governor of Kansas, daughter of John J. Gilligan
 * Tobin Sprout (born 1955), songwriter, guitarist (Guided by Voices)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Leland, Michigan


text: User talk:213.224.83.70

title: User talk:213.224.83.70


text:
Alfred Perceval Graves

Alfred Perceval Graves (22 July 1846 – 27 December 1931), was an Anglo-Irish poet, songwriter and folklorist. He was the father of British poet and critic Robert Graves.

Early life
Graves was born in Dublin and was the son of The Rt Rev. Charles Graves, Church of Ireland Lord Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, and his wife Selina, the daughter of Dr John Cheyne (1777–1836), the Physician-General to the British Forces in Ireland. His sister was Ida Margaret Graves Poore. His paternal grandmother Helena was a Perceval, and the granddaughter of the Earl of Egmont. His grandfather, John Crosbie Graves, was a first cousin of "Ireland's most celebrated surgeon", Robert James Graves.

Alfred was educated both in England, at Windermere College, Westmorland, and in Ireland, at Trinity College Dublin. As an undergraduate he contributed to the literary magazine Kottabos, starting in 1869.

His first poem appeared in the Dublin University Magazine in 1863. He graduated with a Master of Arts degree. In 1869, he entered the Civil Service as clerk in the British Home Office, where he remained until he became an Inspector of Schools in 1874.

Author
Graves was a contributor of prose and verse to The Spectator, Athenaeum, John Bull, and Punch.

For a time he lived at Red Branch House on Laurieton Road, Wimbledon, London.

He took a leading part in the late 19th-century renewal of Irish literature. He was for several years president of the Irish Literary Society, and he was the author of the comic song Father O'Flynn and many other songs and ballads. In collaboration with Charles Villiers Stanford, he published Songs of Old Ireland (1882) and Irish Songs and Ballads (1893), the airs of which are taken from the Petrie manuscripts; the airs of his Irish Folk-Songs (1897) were arranged by Charles Wood with whom he also collaborated on Songs of Erin (1901). Composer Mary Augusta Wakefield also set at least one of his poems to music.

He published an autobiography, To Return to All That, in 1930, as a response to his son Robert's World War I memoir, Good-Bye to All That.

Later life
Graves built a large house, named "Erinfa", near Harlech, Wales, which he used as a summer retreat and where he spent his retirement. He had a keen interest in the Welsh language and the culture of Wales; he was elected as a Welsh bard in the National Eisteddfod of Wales at Bangor in 1902.

He died in Harlech in 1931.

Legacy
Graves’ obituary in The Spectator concluded: "Mr Graves not only wrote songs but stirred up fresh public interest in the old folk-songs of Ireland, Wales and the Highlands, and, moreover, induced musicians and singers to become interested too. Keeping clear of politics, he did a great work for the popularizing of good music and good poetry in which Celt and Saxon may share."

Family
Graves' marriage to Jane Cooper, (29 December 1874 – 24 March 1886) of Cooper's Hill, County Limerick, resulted in five children:

 * Philip Perceval, b. 25 February 1876 (or 1870), m. Millicent Gilchrist. Died in 1953.
 * Mary, b. 6 June 1877, d. circa 1949. m. Arthur Sansome Preston.
 * Richard Massie, b. 14 September 1880, d. 14 August 1960, m. Eva Wilkinson, 1912.
 * Alfred Perceval ("Bones"), b. 14 December 1881, m. Eirene Gwen Knight, singer.
 * Susan Winthrop Savatier Graves, b. 23 March 1885, m. Kenneth Macaulay.

After the death of his first wife, Graves married Amalie (Amy) Elizabeth Sophie (or Sophia) von Ranke, on 30 December 1891. The couple had five children:

 * Clarissa, b. 29 November 1892. Poet, artist and Christian Science practitioner.
 * Rosaleen-Louise, b. 7 March 1894, d. 3 August 1989. m. James Francis Cooper.
 * Robert Graves, also known as Robert von Ranke, b. 24 July 1895, d. 7 December 1985, poet, critic and author of I, Claudius, Good-Bye to All That and other novels.
 * Charles Patrick Ranke Graves, b. 1899, d. 1971, journalist and writer.
 * John Tiarks Ranke, b. 1903, d. 1980. m. Mary Wickens.

title: Alfred Perceval Graves


text:
Motuloa (north of Nukufetau)

Motuloa or Motulua is a very small island on the north of Nukufetau in Tuvalu. It is an oval with a length of 200 m, and lies between Teafuanonu (on the west) and Teafuaniua (on the east).

title: Motuloa (north of Nukufetau)


text:
Motuloa

Motuloa may refer to:

 * Motuloa (Funafuti), an island in Funafuti, Tuvalu
 * Motuloa (north of Nukufetau), an island in Nukufetau, Tuvalu
 * Motuloa (south of Nukufetau), an island in Nukufetau, Tuvalu

title: Motuloa


text: Category:Space agencies

title: Category:Space agencies


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Australia/Images

Please use this page to request images for articles relating to Australia. Please remove listing as image request satisfied.

See also:

 * Requested photographs in Australia
 * Requested pictures.

Articles needing images

 * A request for photos of AFL players to be placed on their appropiate pages.
 * Australian Consumers Association
 * Brisbane Bears
 * Bunya Highway
 * CityRail - we need pictures of all the different types of trains - these would also go on the pages of C Set, RLS set (train), Endeavour, V Set (no article yet), Millennium train, K Set, Tangara (both G set and T set). For those who have no idea what these types of train are look at the CityRail Fleet page (click the link.) Get a good shot of the front of each train and maybe an inside (of a Millennium train maybe?) As per List of Sydney railway stations we also need photos of every CityRail station in Sydney. If anyone can help, even by taking pictures of their local station, that would be helpful. (JROBBO 13:13, 28 April 2006 (UTC))
 * Citytrain - pictures of the Citytrain fleet, especially the Suburban Multiple Unit (200 Series).
 * Community Aid Abroad
 * Consumers' Federation of Australia
 * Chapel Street, Melbourne
 * Cunningham Highway
 * Ipswich Motorway
 * Little Boy from Manly --AndrewRaphael 10:16, 14 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Mahogany Ship (not the ship itself, rather a picture of the sands around Warrnambool)
 * Maroochy Shire, Queensland
 * Victorian Bushrangers

People

 * Cheryl Kernot
 * Philip Wilson (archbishop)

Flora and Fauna

 * Actinostrobus (cypress-pines) - MPF 23:37, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * See your talk page for possible photos -- Jasabella 05:06, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately not; they're Platycladus (a related Chinese tree commonly grown as an ornamental plant) - MPF 20:03, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Australian wood frog
 * Blue ringed octopus. Currently very poor pics. Alphax (talk) 02:48, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Eucalyptus coolabah Coolabah
 * Eucalyptus dalrympleana White Gum
 * Eucalyptus delegatensis Alpine Ash
 * Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum
 * Thylacine article - Indigenous Rock art of a Thylacine similar to the images on this --Mutley 12:01, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

National Parks

 * Boonoo Boonoo National Park
 * Bunya Mountains National Park
 * Burleigh Head National Park
 * Conondale National Park
 * Fort Lytton National Park
 * Girraween National Park
 * St Helena Island National Park
 * Mount Warning National Park
 * Sundown National Park
 * Tarong National Park
 * Wollemi National Park

Geography

 * Arkaroola, South Australia
 * Bangalow, New South Wales
 * Barwon River
 * Binna burra
 * Blackall, Queensland
 * Bli Bli, Queensland
 * Boigu Island
 * Bogan River
 * Boonah, Queensland
 * Bremer River
 * Bunya Mountains
 * Burleigh Heads, Queensland
 * Burrendong Dam
 * Caloundra, Queensland
 * Cape Tribulation
 * Cardwell, Queensland
 * Cleveland, Queensland
 * Clifton, Queensland
 * Croker Island
 * Cudgegong River
 * Cunninghams Gap
 * D'Aguilar Range
 * Daintree River
 * Darling Downs
 * Dawson River
 * Gatton, Queensland
 * Gawler Ranges
 * Gayndah, Queensland
 * Gold Coast Seaway
 * Goodna, Queensland
 * Goondiwindi, Queensland
 * Goulburn Islands
 * Granite Belt
 * Great Artesian Basin
 * Gympie, Queensland
 * Hervey Bay, Queensland
 * Hinchinbrook Island
 * Jimboomba, Queensland
 * Josephine Falls
 * Kilcoy, Queensland
 * Killarney, Queensland
 * Laidley, Queensland
 * Lake Moogerah
 * Lake Wivenhoe
 * Limpinwood Nature Reserve
 * Lizard Point, Queensland
 * Lockyer Creek, Queensland
 * Lockyer Valley, Queensland
 * Logan River, Queensland
 * MacIntyre River
 * Macquarie River
 * Maroon Dam
 * Mary River (Queensland)
 * McPherson Range
 * Mount Bartle Frere
 * Mount Bellenden Ker
 * Mount Cordeaux
 * Mount French
 * Mount Glorious (Queensland)
 * Mount Mitchell (Australia)
 * Mount Nebo (Queensland)
 * Mount Perry, Queensland
 * Mount Pleasant, Queensland
 * Mount Steamer
 * Mount Superbus
 * Murgon, Queensland
 * Nerang, Queensland
 * Nerang River
 * Pittsworth, Queensland
 * Point Lookout, Queensland
 * Pomona, Queensland
 * Redcliffe, Queensland
 * Russell Island, Queensland
 * Samford, Queensland
 * Scarborough, Queensland
 * Severn River, Queensland
 * Simpson Desert
 * Snapper Island, Queensland
 * South East Cape
 * South Stradbroke Island
 * Southport Spit, Queensland
 * Spicers Gap Road Conservation Park
 * Springfield, Queensland
 * Stanthorpe, Queensland
 * Tiaro, Queensland
 * Torres Strait Islands
 * Victoria Point
 * Wallumbilla, Queensland
 * Warwick
 * Wilsons Peak

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Australia/Images


text:
Beatrice Chase

Beatrice Chase (5 July 1874 – 3 July 1955) was the pen name for a British writer known during the first half of the 20th century for her Dartmoor-based novels. Her real name was Olive Katharine Parr, and she claimed to be directly descended from William Parr, the brother of Catherine, the sixth wife of Henry VIII.

Biography
Beatrice Chase was born as Olive Katherine Parr in Harrow on the Hill in 1874. Her father, Charles Parr, apparently died when she was young, and her mother was a lapsed Catholic. Both Olive and her younger sister Hilda were educated at the Convent of the Holy Child in Cavendish Square, and both were baptised Catholics and became Dominican Tertiaries. Olive also took the nun's vow of chastity.

Around 1900 she was helping the poor in London, when she contracted a lung disease, and her younger sister died. In 1901 she travelled to Devon to convalesce and spent time with her mother in the Dartmoor village of Widecombe-in-the-Moor. By 1908 she and her mother had bought a farm at Venton about 1 km south-south-east of the village. She later wrote about the discovery of the property in a book A Book of Answered Prayers that she published as Olive Katherine Parr in 1915. They rented out the farm and its outbuildings, but retained a cottage in which they lived, and built an adjacent Roman Catholic chapel which was licensed as a public oratory by Dr. Charles Graham, the Bishop of Plymouth, and for which the sacrament was reserved in 1910 until it was universally withdrawn by the Vatican in 1920.

Her first book The Voice of the River was published under her real name by Routledge in 1903. She used her real name for seven more books before starting to use her Beatrice Chase pseudonym with The Heart of the Moor, published by Herbert Jenkins in 1914. From then on she tended to use her real name only for her factual and religious writings.

During the First World War, Chase formed a "Crusade for Moral Living" which attracted a large following. Soldiers in the trenches and their wives or fiancées at home would write to Chase at Venton, pledging to be "true to honour". In return, Chase prayed for their souls in her small chapel. She attempted to revive the crusade in World War Two, but had no success.

She was often to be seen sitting at her writing desk, beside her favourite window which provided the titles for three of her books. Here she wrote many novels and also poetry. Her passion for Dartmoor is evident in her writing and she was often referred to as 'My Lady of the Moor' following the publication of John Oxenham's novel in which she was the heroine. The book was called My Lady of the Moor, and she adopted the title.

Chase was initially welcoming to devotees of her work to her home at Venton, where she was happy to show them round and sell them signed copies of her books, but in later life she tired of them and erected notices on her property ordering "trippers" not to call. The popularity of her fiction declined and in 1930 she decided to become a photographer: she produced a series of postcards of Dartmoor views for Raphael Tuck & Sons, and a book of 41 of her "Dartmoor Snapshots" was published in 1931.

As she grew older she vigorously campaigned to protect the moor from modern developments – particularly its use by the British Army – selling many of her possessions to fund this. She lived alone at Venton until 1954 when, aged 79 or 80, she was taken to hospital under the provisions of the National Assistance Act 1948 as a person in need of care and attention. Locals tell a story that she was taken to hospital in a straitjacket, but only after the loaded revolver she kept by her bed was removed.

Chase died at Newton Abbot Infirmary on 3 July 1955 and was buried in the churchyard at Widecombe-in-the-Moor. The granite cross on her grave is inscribed with "Beatrice Chase 1874–1955" on one side and "Pray for Olive Katharine Parr" on the other. It was erected in 1959 and is a reduced-size copy of Nun's Cross.

Legacy
Since the second half of the 20th century, Chase's writing style has been seen as outdated and her novels have been described as containing "cardboard characters [that] move stiffly through stereotypical scenes ... uttering trite phrases of deplorable sentimentality". However, her descriptions of life on Dartmoor at the turn of the 20th century are seen as valuable.

In her last book The Dartmoor Window Forty years On (1948) she claimed to have started the tradition of Uncle Tom Cobley appearing in a smock-frock at the annual Widecombe Fair, and today she is credited as the person who instigated the practice of leaving fresh flowers on Jay's Grave.

Selected publications
As Beatrice Chase:
 * 1914 The Heart of the Moor
 * 1915 Through a Dartmoor Window
 * 1917 Gorse Blossoms from Dartmoor (poetry)
 * 1918 The Dartmoor Window Again
 * 1920 Pages of Peace from Dartmoor

title: Beatrice Chase


text:
1997 Copa América

The 1997 Copa America was the 38th edition of the Copa America. It was held in Bolivia from 11 to 29 June. It was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

In this edition, Costa Rica and Mexico were the invited teams to bring up the total number of competing teams to 12.

The tournament was won by Brazil, who became the first team to hold the Copa América and the World Cup at the same time, a feat they would repeat in 2004.

Squads
For a complete list of participating squads: 1997 Copa América squads

Match officials
🇦🇷 Argentina
 * Horacio Elizondo

🇧🇴 Bolivia
 * René Ortubé
 * Juan Carlos Paniagua

🇧🇷 Brazil
 * Antônio Pereira

Chile
 * Eduardo Gamboa

🇨🇴 Colombia
 * Rafael Sanabria

Costa Rica
 * Rodrigo Badilla

🇪🇨 Ecuador
 * Byron Moreno

🇲🇽 Mexico
 * Antonio Marrufo

Paraguay
 * Epifanio González

🇵🇪 Peru
 * José Arana

Uruguay
 * Jorge Nieves

🇺🇸 United States
 * Esfandiar Baharmast

🇻🇪 Venezuela
 * Paolo Borgosano

Group stage
The teams were divided into three groups of four teams each. The formation of the groups was made by CONMEBOL, in a public drawing of lots that took place on 17 December 1996.

Each team plays one match against each of the other teams within the same group. Three points are awarded for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a defeat.

First and second placed teams, in each group, advance to the quarter-finals. The best third placed team and the second best third placed team, also advance to the quarter-finals.

 * Tie-breaker
 * If teams finish leveled on points, the following tie-breakers are used:
 * greater goal difference in all group games;
 * greater number of goals scored in all group games;
 * winner of the head-to-head match between the teams in question;
 * drawing of lots.

Ranking of third-placed teams
At the end of the first stage, a comparison was made between the third-placed teams of each group. The two best third-placed teams advanced to the quarter-finals.

Goalscorers
With six goals, Luis Hernández was the top scorer in the tournament.

title: 1997 Copa América


text:
Talk:Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories

Ballot Access
Have started to compile "Ballot Access" information which is a paragraph that summarises how difficult it is to become a candidate.

Syd1435 13:19, 2004 Oct 1 (UTC)

 * "Ballot access" is an American usage which does not belong in these articles. What you are talking about is the legal requirements for nomination. Adam 15:05, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Preamble
The article states that the upper houses were created to balance the lower houses, but it is my understanding that (in South Australia at least) the Legislative Council came first and the House of Assembly much later. Can anyone confirm this?

 * Yes, that is true, but the article qualified that statement with the phrase "when the colonies were granted responsible government." Before that time the Councils existed as either appointed ro part-elected advisory bodies to the Governors. The article should probably say "retained" rather than "created", but this isn't an article about colonial history so we shouldn't go into too much detail. Adam 21:34, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060513004254/http://www.elections.act.gov.au/Gen.html to http://www.elections.act.gov.au/gen.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051104222131/http://www.seo.nsw.gov.au/files/GuidetoCandidatesState.pdf to http://www.seo.nsw.gov.au/files/GuidetoCandidatesState.pdf
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text:
Talk:Emotional insecurity

i think the redirect from danger to this article is ridiculous. Theman353 13:21, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * That's been moved. Or it was a LOOOOOONG time ago. Zanturaeon 06:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

First sentence
"Insecurity is an emotion of general unease or nervousness without obvious cause or purpose". Actually the following paragraphs then pretty much describe what the causes and purposes are. I suggest a rewrite of the introduction.

Bullying
The part about bullying is contradicted by this article: [] —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.93.92.62 (talk) 19:10, 11 April 2007 (UTC).

I agree. In psychology class, we learned about a man who studied bullies and was disturbed to see that they actually had incredibly good self-confidence. I don't remember his name though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Steaksaucelover (talk • contribs) 20:14, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

merge articles
I agree the article on emotional insecurity should be merged with emotional security. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.66.237.141 (talk) 20:46, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emotional insecurity


text:
Helike

Helike (Ἑλίκη, pronounced, modern ) was an ancient Greek polis (city-state) that was submerged by a tsunami in the winter of 373 BC.

It was located in the regional unit of Achaea, northern Peloponnesos, two kilometres (12 stadia) from the Corinthian Gulf and near the city of Boura, which, like Helike, was a member of the Achaean League. Modern research attributes the catastrophe to an earthquake and accompanying tsunami which destroyed and submerged the city. It was rediscovered in 2001 buried in an ancient lagoon near the village of Rizomylos. In an effort to protect the site from destruction, the World Monuments Fund included Helike in its 2004 and 2006 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.

History

Helike was founded in the Early Bronze Age (c. 3000-2200 BC) as a proto-urban town with large rectilinear buildings and cobbled streets; walls and occupation layers rich in pottery of the Mycenaean period (c. 1750-1050 BC) were also found, becoming the principal city of Achaea. The poet Homer states that the city of Helike participated in the Trojan War as a part of Agamemnon's forces. In the space of a possible little Poseidon temple, beginning around 850 BC, religious artifacts like bronze and clay items such as figurines, clay chariot wheels, iron weapons, and pottery dating to the Archaic period, a bronze snake head, and rare golden necklace were found.

Later, following its fall to the Achaeans, Helike led the Achaean League, an association that joined twelve neighboring cities in an area including today's town of Aigio. Helike, also known as Dodekapolis (from the Greek words dodeka meaning twelve and polis meaning city), became a cultural and religious center with its own coinage. Finds from ancient Helike are limited to two fifth-century copper coins, now housed in Bode Museum, Berlin. The obverse shows the head of Poseidon, the city's patron, and the reverse his trident. There was a temple dedicated to the Helikonian Poseidon. Ancient Greeks would travel to Helike to be blessed by Poseidon and to trade.

Helike founded colonies including Priene in Asia Minor and Sybaris in Southern Italy. Its panhellenic temple and sanctuary of Helikonian Poseidon were known throughout the classical world, and second only in religious importance to Delphi.

Destruction
The ancient account puts Helike's destruction in 373 BC, two years before the Battle of Leuctra, during a winter night. Several events were construed in retrospect as having warned of the disaster: some "immense columns of flame" appeared, and five days previously, all animals and vermin fled the city, going toward Keryneia. The city and a space of 12 stadia below it sank into the earth and were covered over by the sea. All the inhabitants perished without a trace, and the city was obscured from view except for a few building fragments projecting from the sea. Ten Spartan ships anchored in the harbour were dragged down with it. An attempt involving 2,000 men to recover bodies was unsuccessful. Aigion took possession of its territory.

Strabo recounts how the city was submerged by a tsunami triggered by an earthquake, and argued that this was caused by "the anger of Poseidon", because the inhabitants of Helike had refused to give their statue of Poseidon to the Ionian colonists in Asia, or even to supply them with a model. According to some authorities, the inhabitants of Helike and Bura had even murdered the Ionian deputies. An account by Seneca claims the sea destroyed the city after an appearance of a comet.

About 150 years after the disaster, the philosopher Eratosthenes visited the site and reported that a standing bronze statue of Poseidon was submerged in a "poros", "holding in one hand a hippocamp", where it posed a hazard to those who fished with nets. The meaning of "poros" in ancient Greek is not fully clear, but could refer to a inland lagoon, lake or narrow strait. Most archaeologist thought it referred to the Gulf of Corinth, but there was disagreement from Professor Dora Katsonopoulou. "For the sea was raised by an earthquake and it submerged Helice, and also the temple of the Heliconian Poseidon, whom the Ionians worship even to this day, offering there the Pan-Ionian sacrifices. And, as some suppose, Homer recalls this sacrifice when he says: "but he breathed out his spirit and bellowed, as when a dragged bull bellows round the altar of the Heliconian lord."

...

Helice was submerged by the sea two years before the battle at Leuctra. And Eratosthenes says that he himself saw the place, and that the ferrymen say that there was a bronze Poseidon in the strait, standing erect, holding a hippo-campus in his hand, which was perilous for those who fished with nets. And Heracleides says that the submersion took place by night in his time, and, although the city was twelve stadia distant from the sea, this whole district together with the city was hidden from sight; and two thousand men who had been sent by the Achaeans were unable to recover the dead bodies; and they divided the territory of Helice among the neighbors; and the submersion was the result of the anger of Poseidon, for the lonians who had been driven out of Helice sent men to ask the inhabitants of Helice particularly for the statue of Poseidon, or, if not that, for the model of the temple; and when the inhabitants refused to give either, the Ionians sent word to the general council of the Achaeans; but although the assembly voted favorably, yet even so the inhabitants of Helice refused to obey; and the submersion resulted the following winter; but the Achaeans later gave the model of the temple to the lonians."

- Strabo ""Around 174 AD, the traveler Pausanias visited a coastal site still called Helike, located seven kilometres southeast of Aigio, and reported that the walls of the ancient city were still visible under water, "but not so plainly now as they were once, because they are corroded by the salt water".

For centuries after, its submerged ruins could still be seen. Roman tourists frequently sailed over the site, admiring the city's statuary. Later the site silted over and the location was lost to memory.

argued that the submergence of Helike might have inspired Plato to end his story about Atlantis with its submersion. Ancient scholars and writers who visited the ruins include the Greeks Strabo, Pausanias and Diodoros of Sicily, and the Romans Aelian and Ovid.

Subsequent events
On 23 August 1817, a similar disaster, an earthquake followed by a tsunami, occurred on the same spot. The earthquake was preceded by a sudden explosion, like that produced by a battery of cannon. The aftershock was said to have lasted a minute and a half, during which the sea rose at the mouth of the Selinous River and extended to cover all the ground immediately below Vostitza (the ancient Aigion). After its retreat, not a trace was left of some artillery depots which had stood on the shore, and the beach was carried away completely. In Vostitza, 65 people died and two thirds of its buildings were entirely ruined, as were five villages in the plain.

Previous attempts
The submerged town was long a mystery for underwater archaeology. People were divided in their opinions about the exact location of Helike and produced numerous works and hypotheses:

In 1826, François Pouqueville, French diplomat and archaeologist, who wrote the Voyage en Grèce; in 1851 Ernst Curtius the German archaeologist and historian who speculated about its location; in 1879 J. F. Julius Schmidt, the director of Athens Observatory, issuing a study comparing the Aegeion earthquake which occurred 26 December 1861 with an earthquake which might have destroyed Helike; in 1883 Spiros Panagiotopoulos, the mayor of Aegeion city, wrote about the ancient city; in 1912 the Greek writer P. K. Ksinopoulos wrote The City of Aegeion Through the Centuries and in 1939 Stanley Casson, an English art scholar and army officer who studied classical archaeology and served in Greece as liaison officer, addressed the problem.

Other investigators include in 1948 the German archaeologist Georg Karo; in 1950 Robert Demangel, who was from 1933 to 1948 the director of the French School of Archaeology in Athens; in 1950 Alfred Philippson, German geologist and geographer; in 1952 Spiros Dontas, Greek writer and member of the Academy of Athens; in 1954 Aristos Stauropoulos, a Greek writer who published the History of the city of Aegeion; in 1956 the Greek Professor N. Κ. Moutsopoulos; in 1967 Spyros Marinatos, a Greek archaeologist who wrote the Research about Helike and in 1968 Helike-Thira-Thebes; in 1962 George K. Georgalas, the Greek writer; and in 1967 Nikos Papahatzis, a Greek archaeologist who published Pausanias’ Description of Greece.

Spyridon Marinatos said that only the declaration of a third world war would obscure the discovery of Helike. In 1967, Harold Eugene Edgerton worked with the American researcher Peter Throckmorton. They were convinced that Helike was to be found on the seabed of the Gulf of Corinth. Edgerton perfected special sonar equipment for this research but permission to search was not granted by the Greek authorities.

In 1967 and in 1976, Jacques Cousteau searched, with no result. In 1979 in the Corinthian Gulf, the Greek undersea explorer Alexis Papadopoulos discovered a sunken town and recorded his findings in a documentary film which shows walls, fallen roofs, roof tiles, streets, etc. at a depth of between 25 and 45 m. "Whether or not this town can be identified with Helike is a question to be answered by extensive underwater research. In any case, the discovery of this town can be regarded as an extremely interesting find", according to the Greek scientific journal Archaeology.

Rediscovery in 2001
In 1988, the Greek archaeologist Dora Katsonopoulou, president of the Helike Society, and Steven Soter of the American Museum of Natural History launched the Helike Project to locate the site of the lost city. Ancient texts, telling the story of Helike, said that the city had sunk into a poros, which everyone interpreted as the Corinthian Gulf. However, Katsonopoulou and Soter raised the possibility that poros could have meant an inland lagoon. If an earthquake caused soil liquefaction on a large scale, the city would have been taken downward below the sea level. Also, if an earthquake caused the sections of coastline to fall into the sea, this would have created a tsunami, which in turn would have flooded the inland lagoon with the city in it. Over time, the river sediment coming down from the mountains would have filled in the lagoon hiding the city remains beneath the solid ground.

Before Helike was rediscovered, a few false starts came along the way. In 1994, in collaboration with the University of Patras, a magnetometer survey carried out in the midplain of the delta revealed the outlines of a buried building. This target (now known as the Klonis site) was excavated and a large Roman building with standing walls was found. Also a well-preserved settlement of the early Bronze Age was uncovered.

In 2001, Helike was rediscovered buried in an ancient lagoon near the village of Rizomylos. To further confirm that the discovered site belongs to Helike, the earthquake destruction layer consisting of cobblestones, clay roof tiles, and pottery was uncovered in 2012. This destruction layer is in good agreement with ancient texts on the location of Helike and earthquake effects to the city.

Excavations are being carried out in the Helike delta each summer and have brought to light significant archeological finds dating from prehistoric times when Helike was founded up until its revival in Hellenistic and Roman times.

title: Helike


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Lexington Legends

The Lexington Legends are an American professional baseball team based in Lexington, Kentucky. They are a member of the South Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. The Legends have played their home games at Legends Field since 2001. The team was known as the Lexington Counter Clocks during the 2023 season before reinstating their original name in 2024.

History
The Class-A Kissimmee Cobras moved from the Florida State League to Lexington following the 2000 season and changed their name to the Lexington Legends. The 2001 season began under manager J. J. Cannon. The team finished their first regular season with 92 wins and 48 losses and first place in the sixteen-team South Atlantic League. In the postseason, the Legends defeated the Hagerstown Suns in the first round and advanced to play the Asheville Tourists in the League Championship Series. However, the series was canceled after the Legends won the first two games due to the September 11 attacks, and the Legends were declared co-champions after having gone up 2–0 before game three was canceled.

Cannon returned to manage in 2002 and led the team to another winning record, but the Legends failed to qualify for the playoffs. Lexington returned to the playoffs in 2003 but was defeated by the Lake County Captains in the first round. In 2004, the Legends finished with a record of 68–72, their first losing record in team history. The following season, the Legends posted an 81–58 regular season record and finished in first place under manager Tim Bogar.

Roger Clemens
On May 31, 2006, Roger Clemens announced that he would come out of retirement to pitch for the Houston Astros for the remainder of the 2006 season. Clemens, planning to keep himself to a strict 60-pitch limit, returned to baseball with the Legends, where his oldest son Koby played. Father and son denied reports that Koby would catch his dad for the return. "He doesn't listen to me," Roger Clemens said. "We'd be shaking each other off and arguing too much." In his first game, Clemens threw 62 pitches, allowed no walks, and only one run while striking out 6 batters in three innings of work with the Legends, who won the game 5–1.

Joe Mikulik incident
The team received national attention again in 2006 following a controversial game against the Asheville Tourists on June 25. In the fifth inning of the game, Tourists manager Joe Mikulik went on an extended tirade after being ejected from the game following an argument with an umpire. The event received coverage on various television programs, including NBC's The Tonight Show, ESPN's Pardon the Interruption and SportsCenter, and MSNBC's Countdown with Keith Olbermann. Roger Clemens' appearance as a Legend and Joe Mikulik's meltdown are chronicled in the 2011 documentary film Legendary: When Baseball Came to the Bluegrass.

2021 and beyond
The Lexington Legends were one of the minor league teams that lost MLB affiliation under a new plan by MLB. On February 18, 2021, the team announced that it would be joining the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, an independent MLB Partner league, for the 2021 season.

On October 28, 2022, the team and their ballpark were sold to Nathan and Keri Lyons.

2023 name change
It was announced March 6, 2023, that the team was changing its name to the Lexington Counter Clocks. For that season, their ballpark was known as Counter Clocks Field.

2024 sale and name change
It was announced January 25, 2024, that the team had been sold to Temerity Baseball along with several local investors. On February 15, 2024, it was announced the team would be renamed back to the Lexington Legends.

Branding and mascots
The Legends' mascot from 2001 to 2022 was Big L, a mustachioed baseball player caricature. His best friend was Pee Wee, another team mascot. The team's colors were blue, green, and yellow.

Along with its new name, in 2023 the Lexington Counter Clocks introduced two new mascots: Hoss, a horse that races to the left, and Dinger, a clock swinging a bat. The team's colors are now blue, red, and white.

Along with the name change announced on February 15, 2024, a new mascot was introduced: Mighty Lex, a baseball with arms, legs, and the same mustache worn by past mascot Big L.

Season by season results
Since its inception, the Lexington franchise has played 22 seasons, initially in the South Atlantic League (2001–2019) and later in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (2021–present). As of the completion of the 2022 season, the club had played in 2,886 regular season games and compiled a record of 1,400–1,486 for a .485 winning percentage. The team postseason record was 19–8.

Lexington Legends Hall of Fame
The Lexington Legends honored ten past members of the organization by inducting them into the Lexington Legends Hall of Fame. These individuals are:

 * Josh Anderson, outfielder (2004), inducted in 2005
 * John Buck, catcher (2001), inducted in 2005
 * Joe Cannon, manager (2001–2002), inducted in 2006
 * Félix Escalona, second baseman (2001), inducted in 2005
 * Mike Gallo, pitcher (2002), inducted in 2007
 * Kirk Saarloos, pitcher (2001), inducted in 2006
 * Dave Coggin, pitcher (2005), inducted in 2008
 * Alan Stein, Team President/COO, inducted in 2005
 * Charley Taylor, pitching coach, inducted in 2005
 * Jon Topolski, outfielder (2001), inducted in 2005
 * Tommy Whiteman, shortstop (2001–2002), inducted in 2007

title: Lexington Legends


text: User talk:203.162.3.146

title: User talk:203.162.3.146


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Helice

Helice may refer to:

 * Clay pigeon shooting
 * Helice (mythology)
 * Helike, an ancient Greek city
 * Helice (crab), crab genus

title: Helice