text:
Littlecote House

Littlecote House is a large Elizabethan country house and estate in the civil parishes of Ramsbury and Chilton Foliat, in the English county of Wiltshire, about 2+1/2 mi northeast of the Berkshire town of Hungerford. The estate includes 34 hectares of historic parklands and gardens, including a walled garden dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. In its grounds is Littlecote Roman Villa.

A Grade I listed building, Littlecote House is now a hotel and leisure centre.

Early house
The first Littlecote House was built during the 13th century and was the home of the de Calstone family from around 1290. In 1415 Elizabeth de Calstone married William Darrell and the Darrell family inherited the estate.

Elizabeth Darrell's half-niece, also named Elizabeth Darrell, was a maid of honour to Henry VIII's first queen Catherine of Aragon and had a well-publicised affair with the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt.

16th century
In the mid-1530s, King Henry VIII is said to have courted his third wife Jane Seymour at Littlecote; the reason seems to be that Jane's grandmother was Elizabeth Darrell.

The last of the Darrell owners is connected with several scandals and the house's resident ghost story. William Darrell's father had left the house to his mistress Mary Danyell, but Darrell was able to recover it when he came of age in 1560. He spent lavishly, left his debts unpaid, and went to law with most of his neighbours, acquiring enemies in the process. Sir John Popham was his relative and lawyer.

Darrell had an affair with Anne Hungerford, the wife of Sir Walter Hungerford (Knight of Farley), his neighbour; when Sir Walter sued for divorce, she was acquitted and Sir Walter was sent to prison. Some years later, Mother Barnes, a midwife from Great Shefford, recalled being brought in 1575 to the childbed of a lady, with a gentleman standing by who commanded her to save the life of the mother, but who (as soon as the child was born) threw it into the fire. Barnes did not name or indicate either Darrell or Littlecote, but his enemies quickly ascribed this murder to him.

Darrell's financial troubles increased, and he mortgaged Littlecote, first to Sir Thomas Bromley, and then to Popham. He moved to London and spent some time in a debtors' prison, but died suddenly in 1589 on a visit to Littlecote. Legend has it that whilst hunting, the ghost of the murdered newborn appeared to him, causing his horse to shy and throw him. Darrell is said to haunt the site of his death, known as Darrell's stile (or Style, as well as the church at Ramsbury, two miles away), although one famed clairvoyant, Tom Corbett, detected nothing of the sort. But he reported to the author Peter Underwood that he did see "a ghost in the garden, a beautiful woman whom he later recognised from a portrait in the house as Mrs Leyborne Popham", and another ghost in the Chinese bedroom he termed a "busybody", a word Mrs. Wills, wife of the then owner Major George Wills, agreed described the presence in that room. Another possible ghost is that of a past tenant, Gerard Lee Bevan, who lived at Littlecote after World War I and later served time for embezzlement. His presence has been felt in the Long Gallery.

John Aubrey tells that Littlecote was a bribe to Popham as his judge in a criminal case, which is impossible: Darrell was not charged or tried, and Popham was not yet a judge. Nevertheless, this story was borrowed by Sir Walter Scott, in Rokeby, and by Charles Dickens, in A Tale of Two Cities.

The present house
Sir John Popham bought the reversion of Littlecote, and succeeded to it on Darrell's death in 1589; he then built the present Elizabethan brick mansion, which was completed in 1592.

James I, Charles II, and William of Orange stayed there, the latter on his march from Torbay to London in the so-called "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 in which he superseded the Catholic King James II.

A unique room that can still be seen today is the so-called "Dutch Parlour". A plaque in the corridor outside states that this was decorated with paintings by Dutch seamen who were captured in about 1666 in a war between England and the Dutch; these paintings cover the walls and the ceiling.

The Popham family owned the estate until 1805. In the mid-1600s the family played a role in the history of deaf education in which John Wallis and William Holder taught Sir John's great-grandson, Alexander Popham (born 1648), to overcome his disability and be able to speak. Sir John (1531–1600) was Speaker of the House of Commons, and five of his descendants were also Members of Parliament: Sir Francis (1573–1644; elected on nine occasions), John (1603–c.1638), Alexander (1605–1669), Sir Francis (1646–1674), and Alexander (c.1670–1705).

In 1805 the family name became Leyborne Popham, under whom much of the house was refurbished in 1810. The Leyborne Popham family owned the estate until 1929, when it was purchased by Sir Ernest Salter Wills Bt, who was a member of the well-known Wills tobacco dynasty founded by Henry Overton Wills I as W.D. & H.O. Wills Ltd, in 1787. Sir Ernest was a major shareholder and a director of the Imperial Tobacco company, which also owned the nearby Ramsbury Manor.

Second World War

During the Second World War, the house was requisitioned by the Government for use by the military.

In 1942-43 the house was the headquarters of the 34th Army Tank Brigade, 34th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom) commanded by Brigadier Noel Tetley.

In September 1943, the US 101st Airborne Division took over part of the house, and it became home to regimental staff, regimental headquarters company, and headquarters company of the 1st Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The house provided office space and sleeping quarters for officers of the 506th, with the best rooms being allocated to Col. Robert F. Sink, regimental commander, and Lt. Col. Charles H. Chase, his executive officer. The colonel used the library as his office, and a memorial plaque can be seen today in this room.

From airfields in this area, including Ramsbury just to the west, the Airborne Division took off during the night of 5/6 June 1944 as part of the invasion of Normandy. Easy Company from this regiment have become famous through the book and TV mini-series Band of Brothers. All other ranks lived in Nissen huts built alongside the main drive between the house and the east lodge.

During the Second World War (and during Sir Ernest Wills's tenure as HM's Lord Lieutenant for the County of Wiltshire, 1930–1942) King George VI paid a visit to Littlecote in 1943. The King was acquainted with Sir Ernest since his great nephew, Major John Lycett Wills of the Lifeguards, had married King George's niece, the Hon. Jean Constance Elphinstone.

Post-War
After the war, ownership reverted to the Wills family. Sir Ernest's younger son, Major George Seton Wills, inherited the estate in 1958 and gifted it to his only son and heir, David Seton Wills, in 1966. Following the latter's succession to the Baronetcy in 1983, he sold the house to the entrepreneur Peter de Savary in 1985. In the same year, the house's collection of Civil War weaponry and armour – begun by Parliamentary colonel Alexander Popham – was offered for auction, and bought in its entirety by Royal Armouries.

In 1996 De Savary sold the estate to Warner Holidays, who now operate it as a country house hotel and resort.

Littlecote Roman Villa
In the grounds is Littlecote Roman Villa, a Roman winged corridor villa and associated religious complex. It has been excavated under the direction of Bryn Walters, and is on display to the public.

Location
Littlecote House is on the south bank of the River Kennet between the villages of Ramsbury and Chilton Foliat, and about two miles northwest of the small Berkshire town of Hungerford. It is also in the heart of the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Position:

Nearby places of interest: Crofton Pumping Station, Wilton Windmill

title: Littlecote House


text:
Ophir, Alaska

Ophir is an unincorporated area located in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska.

It was named by miners after the wealthy land of Ophir mentioned in the Old Testament. The area was the site of a gold rush in 1906. Ophir reached a peak population of 122 in 1910.

Ophir is now abandoned, but serves as a checkpoint in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. An airport with a single gravel runway exists at the village, built prior to 1949. It is currently in disuse and unmaintained.

There are a number of creeks near Ophir, all on the west bank of the Innoko, where gold placers were located starting about 1906. Yankee Creek is the closest to the source of the river, then Ganes, Little and Spruce Creeks, all above Ophir Creek. The original Iditarod trail ran above Ganes Creek in the summer, down the Innoko valley in the winter; the current race trail goes through the old townsite, which was destroyed in a brush fire started by a camper in the 1970s, and is a rest stop.

Mining still goes on at Ganes and Little Creeks, and probably at Ophir Creek (2006). Further downriver, on the east side, there were mining operations at Folger, Cripple, Bear and Colorado Creeks. Bear Creek and Colorado still are actively mined (2006). Mining of tailings was underway at Cripple in 2010.

There were at least eight mining operations near Ophir in 1949, including two dredges, but $35 gold winnowed them down to none by about 1955. Ophir's population was (an estimated) 18 in 1960. There was sporadic mining after that, with new operations starting in the 1970s.

Demographics
Ophir first reported on the 1910 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It continued to report until 1950. Although Donald J. Orth 1967 U.S. Geological Survey (Professional) Paper (Report No. 567) reported an estimated population of 18 in 1960, the census did not report an official separate figure that year or in any census since.

Geography
Ophir is located at 63.14472°N, -156.51944°W.

Ophir is located on the west bank of the Innoko River in western Alaska, 48 km northwest of McGrath, at the mouth of Ophir Creek, which was mined for many years by Gust Utilla.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ophir, Alaska


text:
Talk:20th Century Limited/to do

 * Add a list of stations served
 * Add a photo or two of the train in action
 * Discuss the train's name in further detail and how it conveyed a sense of majesty as the world entered the new century
 * Add a timeline of significant events for the train
 * Discuss the train's industrial design elements
 * Further elaborate on the competition between this train and the Broadway Limited
 * Add details on the train's typical consists through its 65-year history
 * Add photos of the first Henry Dreyfuss design of 1938 (we have a loco pic, how about one of the passenger cars?); and, again, the second streamlined set of 1949, the latter of which features the famous observation cars with their high-windows.

title: Talk:20th Century Limited/to do


text:
Brazilian cruzeiro real

The cruzeiro real ($$\mathrm{CRS}\!\!\!\Vert$$, plural: cruzeiros reais) was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code BRR.

This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines.

The cruzeiro real was replaced with the current Brazilian real as part of the Plano Real.

History
The cruzeiro real replaced the third cruzeiro, with 1000 cruzeiros = 1 cruzeiro real. The cruzeiro real was replaced in circulation by the real at a rate of 1 real for 2750 cruzeiros reais. Before this occurred, the unidade real de valor (pegged to the U.S. dollar at parity) was used in pricing, to allow the population to become accustomed to a stable currency (after many years of high inflation) before the real was introduced.

Coins
Standard circulation stainless-steel coins were issued in 1993 and 1994 in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 cruzeiros reais. The reverse of the coins portrayed iconic animals of the Brazilian fauna. Coins worth 10 or more of the previous cruzeiro were retained to correspond to smaller denominations, such as the 1000-cruzeiro coin for a single cruzeiro real, but became scarce by the end of 1993.

No commemorative coins were issued for the Cruzeiro Real.

The macaw and jaguar were represented again in the Real's BRL10 and BRL50 bills, respectively, after their introduction in 1994, and the maned wolf was later portrayed in the BRL200 bill since its introduction in late 2020.

Banknotes
In 1993, provisional banknotes were introduced in the form of cruzeiro notes overprinted in the new currency. These were in denominations of 50, 100 and 500 cruzeiros reais. Regular notes followed in denominations of 1000, 5000 and 50,000 cruzeiros reais. The 10,000 cruzeiros reais banknote was designed and scheduled to be put into circulation in the first months of 1994, but inflation and the impending release of a new economic plan put its release on hold and only the 50,000 Cruzeiro real banknote was released.

title: Brazilian cruzeiro real


text:
Wellington Service Rifle Association

The Wellington Service Rifle Association (or WSRA) is New Zealand's oldest active service rifle club. It is a member of the national New Zealand Service Rifle Association and holds shooting competitions for factory and service firearms.

Competitions
WSRA holds a series of annual 'themed' competitions. The most popular attract competitors from around the country and sometimes from across the Tasman. WSRA are dedicated to the safe, competitive use of military firearms.

 * Charles Upham Memorial Cavalry Champions Belt (military service rifles)
 * Service Challenge (Incorporating the CU with shotgun and pistol events)
 * Shotgun Special
 * Best of Continental - ( FN FAL, Mauser rifles, Nagant, Swiss K31, AK-47 etc.)
 * Best of Commonwealth - (Lee–Enfield, Ross rifle, L1A1 rifle)
 * .22 rimfire action shoots Tactical Precision Match
 * ANZAC Day
 * Carbine Day
 * Civilian Marksmanship Program
 * Bolt Action Day
 * Best of American - M1 carbine, Garand Rifle, M14 rifle, AR-15, Colt 1911 & Shotgun.
 * Semi Auto day - AR-15, Steyr AUG, SKS carbine, AK-47, M14 rifle, M1 Garand
 * Two Gun (Shotgun and rifle)
 * Red Star day ( Nagant, SKS carbine, AK-47 rifles)
 * .303 Day
 * 3 Gun
 * Long range steel plate shoots out to 1000 yards
 * Din Collings Trophy (military service rifle with iron sights and bayonet)

Memberships
WSRA is a member of the New Zealand Service Rifle Association (NZSRA). Before the establishment of NZSRA, WSRA was an active member of gun-rights lobby group the Council of Licensed Firearms Owners (COLFO). Since NZSRA's establishment WSRA members are members of COLFO via NZSRA.

title: Wellington Service Rifle Association


text:
User talk:Quemapueblo

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkTroll 22:46, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quemapueblo


text:
Talk:4-4-0

Images
I added an image of PRR #317, a class D6 locomotive of 1881. This is a good example of a later, high-drivered express 4-4-0, but we should also have some pictures of earlier locomotives to round things out. —Morven 08:00, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Done. An 1873 Mason locomotive with very classic lines. —Morven 00:31, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * In a book I have, there are a couple of photos (PD-old) of a 1865 Peto, Brassey & Betts/Canada Works, Birkenhead (UK?), and a 1875 Sigl (Austria)- would these be of use in this article, to lessen US-centricity? --Janke | Talk 20:44, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

UK designs
I added a section about schools class locomotives. the article is plainly lacking any information about UK, or presumably other countries 440 locomotives. I am not at all hung up about the details of how this is arranged, but the article has a big gaping hole in what it does not cover if it claims to be about all 440 engines. Sandpiper 00:05, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, and that is one of the tasks in the to do list shown above on this page. Thanks for helping out with it! Slambo (Speak)  11:35, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Isn't the Whyte system a US system anyway? It seems very odd not to see the common name for the 4-4-0 i.e. "American"; and similarly for the other types like Moguls, Pacifics, Atlantics, etc.  I'm not sure how to resolve this. Tmangray (talk) 18:32, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

delisted GA
lack of inline cites--Ling.Nut 21:44, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Bagnall 4-4-0 works list: Natal sugar estates
Stored for the record: W.G. Bagnall works list for Natal sugar estates locomotives. WORKS No	YEAR	WHEEL ARRANGEMENT 	CYLINDERS	VALVE GEAR	GAUGE	LOCATION	NAME 1873	1907	4-4-0T	9" X 14"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' SUCCESS' 1929	1910	4-4-0T	9" X 14"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' REPEAT' 2287	1926	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' SINEMBE' 2342	1928	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' MONA' 2374	1929	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' ISIBUTU' 2471	1932	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' WEWE' 2479	1933	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' TONGAAT' 2522	1935	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' SIMPOLA' 2543	1936	4-4-0T	11 1/2" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 01/2"	Natal Estates, Mt Edgecombe	' BURNSIDE' 2599	1939	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' W.J.MIRRLEES' 2627	1940	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' A.BOULLE' 2647	1941	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' EDWARD SAUNDERS' 2819	1946	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' CHARLES WHYTOCK' 2820	1946	4-4-0T	10" X 15"	Bagnall Price	2' - 0"	Tongaat	' EGOLOMI' André Kritzinger 22:18, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:4-4-0


text:
Harlington

Harlington may refer to several places in England:

 * Harlington, Bedfordshire
 * Harlington Manor
 * Harlington, London
 * Harlington, South Yorkshire

title: Harlington


text:
Talk:4-4-0/to do

 * Add a photo of a 4-4-0
 * Expand the history
 * List notable examples of the type
 * Merge American 4-4-0 data into this article
 * Make less US-centric; there were many British 4-4-0s, for example

title: Talk:4-4-0/to do


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gnaffen

Gnaffen
Invented word (I don't like the term "neologism" for things that are barely neonatalogisms.) Zero google hits. --jpgordon {gab} 22:48, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: neoplastigism ("another word for word cancer"). Geogre 01:31, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:48, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Slowking Man 02:37, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gnaffen


text:
Talk:Baldwin Locomotive Works

Fate
What's the fate of this company?Sinolonghai 21:47, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Production
"Over 70,500 locomotives had been produced when production ceased in 1956."

 * I'm guessing that's total locomotives build over the 100-odd years Baldwin was in operation, not just Diesels. From the article it's a little unclear - I think the end of the article particularly needs copyediting. FiggyBee 13:56, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

List of Running Baldwin Locomotives
I think it would be interesting (and encyclopaedic) to include a list of presently running Baldwin steam locomotives. There is an amusement park my kids love to go to just down the road, and they have two Baldwins - no. 45069, a 1917 narrow gauge 4-6-0, and no. 69425, a 1943 narrow gauge 4-2-2, in complete working order - they have one or the other doing a 2-mile loop around the park every day pulling a passenger train. I will go this week and take some better pictures for the article.

They have a full service locomotive repair and parts fabrication shop as well.

-- 24.176.93.67 19:51, 18 August 2007 (UTC) (mm35173 not logged in)

Changes to History
I added a lot of information about the years of Baldwin's decline (1907-1972). The history section now skips the entire middle section of Baldwin's history, so that needs to be filled in.

I also moved a lot of the information that was in the diesel section to the history section because it related much more to the history of the company than to Baldwin's diesel trains. For example, I think that section should talk about the dimensions and quality of Baldwin's diesel trains, and not stock purchases by Westinghouse, etc., which are general history matters. Juliensorelnyc (talk) 01:24, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Just a bit curious why you mark the year 1907 as the start of BLW decline. I can certainly see the downturn of steam locomotive manufacturing, but assumed BLW armaments contracts would have compensated for locomotive shortfalls for another decade.  Do overall BLW financial statements paint a different picture of the years 1907-1918?Thewellman (talk) 02:08, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

 * John K. Brown, the author of "The Baldwin Locomotive Works" marks 1906 as the company's apex and I tend to agree with him. In a footnote Brown mentions that "Baldwin and its wartime subsidiaries also made 6.5 million artillery shells and a number of heavy gun mounts. All this work pushed sales from 13.6 million in 1914 to 123.2 million in 1918." (Note 107 p 227).

 * Nevertheless, Brown straightforwardly states in another note that "Baldwin's fall...originated with its inadequate response to the 1905 market climax rather than the diesel revolution." (note 2 p. 235-38). Essentially, 1905-06 was the peak of the railroad industry, and instead recognizing this along with all of the other ills the industry faced (ICC, rise of the automobile, inflation etc.) Baldwin failed to diversify its operations until 1929. Baldwin declared bankruptcy in 1935, which was before the switch from steam to diesel power. Part of Baldwin's downfall is also attributed to the large dividends it gave out in the 20s, so even if profits were sufficient to make up for losses, that money was probably disbursed to investors. If I make another edit I think I will mention Brown's view.Juliensorelnyc (talk) 07:03, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

 * It says at Electro-Motive_Diesel that EMD got a head start on selling to the dieselization market immediately after WWII because of the way the war [specifically implied although not stated is the War Production Board ] kept Baldwin and Lima from developing their high-iron diesels during the war because they were urgently needed to crank out production of existing models. I skimmed this article today and don't see it mentioned here. Can any locomotive-philes build on this? Currently this article says in the lede and history sections that Baldwin failed to compete in dieselization, but it doesn't mention the above as one of the reasons why (although maybe not the only reason). This is something for further development/linking tie-in. — ¾-10 16:49, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

 * This is mentioned in the article: "...America's entry into World War II destroyed Baldwin's diesel development program when the War Production Board dictated that ALCO and Baldwin produce only diesel-electric yard switching engines...." In addition, this was not a decisive factor in Baldwin's inability to compete in the diesel market because by world war II EMD was already at least a decade ahead of Baldwin in terms of Diesel train design. This was a result of management choices made or not made between 1915 and 1925, not government intervention roughly 20 years later.Juliensorelnyc (talk) 05:09, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Language/tone
A considerable portion of this article is written in an un-encyclopedic tone ("to be the end of the line", "proudly proclaiming", "testament to Baldwin's durability and reliability"). This suggests that the text in question (which is often uncited) was either written by a big fan/booster or was taken from some other work, perhaps a magazine article. Either way, it's not appropriate for an encyclopedia and should be re-written (with footnotes) or removed. --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 19:10, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

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How is this statement possible?
"Between 1940 and 1948, domestic steam locomotive sales declined from 30 percent of the market to 2 percent."

A generous estimate of EMD and ALCO Diesel passenger locomotives produced from 1940-42 would be less than 150 cab units and no road freight Diesels had yet been sold in 1940. The above statement does not seem possible unless somewhere around 20 steam locomotives were sold in 1940. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.208.11.42 (talk) 02:28, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

This whole (fragmented and run-on) sentence assumes the locomotive building ceased based on the Pennsylvania railroad without citation. _ Its been edited to cited facts.

“In 1956 the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) – which was slow in accepting diesels – finally decided to retire its steam fleet, which was the largest in the world at that time, and buy a large order of diesels. Baldwin bid, expecting its lifelong loyal customer to help keep Baldwin in business by buying at least some Baldwin diesels. General Motors' EMD division, however, gave the PRR an exceptional deal on new, reliable GP9s, so the PRR – which was in a financial pinch itself – sent the business to GM. This one lost deal proved to be the end of the line, and—after 125 years of continuous production—“

Australia or not Australia
The lead states The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons locomotive builder of New South Wales, Australia. and yet the whole final section is about Australia. Is this correct? Chienlit (talk) 15:02, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

 * It's correct: American-built Baldwins were exported to Australia. The other company, E.M. Baldwin is an existing heavy engineering company in New South Wales which produces mining equipment, large tractors, etc. - plus some light-duty, narrow-gauge diesel locos for sugar cane railroads. Kokopelli-UK (talk) 13:39, 10 January 2023 (UTC)

wait a second, where is the AAR wheel arrangement
theres a photo (1954 Baldwin 0-4-4-0 diesel-electric switcher at the Texas Transportation Museum) but there is one problem : 0-4-4-0 is whyte notation and thats for steam locomotives and thats a diesel, so it should be B-B 73.250.53.193 (talk) 21:36, 28 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baldwin Locomotive Works


text:
Walled garden

A walled garden is a garden enclosed by high walls, especially when this is done for horticultural rather than security purposes, although originally all gardens may have been enclosed for protection from animal or human intruders. In temperate climates, especially colder areas, such as Scotland, the essential function of the walling of a garden is to shelter the garden from wind and frost, though it may also serve a decorative purpose. Kitchen gardens were very often walled, which segregated them socially, allowing the gardeners, who were usually expected to vanish from the "pleasure gardens" when the occupants of the house were likely to be about, to continue their work. The walls, which were sometimes heated, also carried fruit trees trained as espaliers.

Historically, and still in many parts of the world, nearly all urban houses with any private outside space have high walls for security, and any small garden was thus walled by default. The same was true of many rural houses and other buildings, for example religious ones. In palaces and most country houses, the whole plot, including even a very large garden, was also walled or at least fenced, sometimes with (much more expensive) metal railings along those parts of the boundary giving the best views to show off the splendour of the residence, as at the Palace of Versailles, Buckingham Palace and many others. In some cases there was originally a fence or hedging, but a wall was added later when funds allowed. In particular, hiring local labour to build a wall was considered a praiseworthy method of famine relief for the rich, and many walls round the grounds of country houses in the British Isles date to the famine years of the 1840s.

The horticultural, and also social, advantages of a walled garden meant that kitchen gardens often form or formed a walled compand within a larger walled compound. Sometimes this was for the security of the plants; in the 1630s the royal botanical garden of France (now the Jardin des plantes), itself walled all round, had an inner walled-off tulip garden, as the bulbs were valuable and prone to thefts.

Metaphorically, "walled garden" may be used in many contexts (often pejoratively) to indicate a space, usually not a literal physical location, which is or is seen as closed to outsiders. One example is the closed platform in computing.

Creation of microclimates
The shelter provided by enclosing walls can raise the ambient temperature within a garden by several degrees, creating a microclimate that permits plants to be grown that would not survive in the unmodified local climate.

Most walls are constructed from stone or brick, which absorb and retain solar heat and then slowly release it, raising the temperature against the wall, allowing peaches, nectarines, and grapes to be grown as espaliers against south-facing walls as far north as southeast Great Britain and southern Ireland.

The ability of a well-designed walled garden to create widely varying stable environments is illustrated by this description of the rock garden in the Jardin des Plantes in Paris' 5ème arrondissement, where over 2,000 species from a variety of climate zones ranging from mountainous to Mediterranean are grown within a few acres:

"The garden is protected from sudden changes in weather conditions and from harsh winds, thanks to its hollowed out terraces and the big trees .... The gardeners make the most of the northern or southern exposures and the permanently shady areas of this little, sheltered valley. Within just a few metres, temperatures can range from 15 to 20 degrees C, what one would call a micro-climate!"

Heated walls
A number of walled gardens in Britain have a hot wall or fruit wall, a hollow wall with a central cavity, or openings in the wall on the side facing towards the garden, so that fires could be lit inside the wall to provide additional heat to protect the fruit growing against the wall. Heat would escape into the garden through these openings, and the smoke from the fires would be directed upwards through chimneys or flues. This kind of hollow wall is found at Croxteth Hall in Liverpool (England), and Eglinton Country Park and Dunmore House, both in Scotland. At Croome Court an 18th-century cavity wall had a number of small furnaces to supply gentle heat (see below). In the 1800s, such walls were lined with pipes and connected to a boiler, as at Bank Hall in Bretherton.

Design
The traditional design of a walled garden, split into four quarters separated by paths, and a wellhead or pool at the centre, dates back to the very earliest gardens of Persia. The hortus conclusus or "enclosed garden" of High Medieval Europe was more typically enclosed by hedges or fencing, or the arcades of a cloister; though some protection from weather and effective protection from straying animals was afforded, these were not specifically walled gardens.

Kitchen gardens
In the United Kingdom, many country houses had walled kitchen gardens which were distinct from decorative gardens. One acre of a kitchen garden was expected to provide enough produce to feed twelve people, and these gardens ranged in size from one acre up to twenty or thirty acres depending on the size of the household. The largest gardens served extremely large households, for example, the royal kitchen garden at Windsor was built for Queen Victoria in 1844 and initially occupied twenty two acres, but was enlarged to thirty one acres to supply the growing household. Kitchen gardens received their greatest elaboration in the second half of the nineteenth century. Many of these labor-intensive gardens fell into disuse in the twentieth century, but some have been revived as decorative gardens, and others used to produce fruits, vegetables or flowers.

Susan Campbell, in a book devoted to walled kitchen gardens, mentions several factors which contribute to how productive a kitchen garden is. Productivity depended upon the suitability of the situation, and successful gardens depended on the availability of water, manure, heat, wall space, storage space, workrooms, and most importantly, a dedicated team of gardeners.

Examples
British examples of walled gardens can be found at Alnwick Castle, Castle Bromwich Hall Gardens, Fulham Palace, Goodnestone Park, Luton Hoo, Osborne House, Polesden Lacey, Shugborough Hall, and Trengwainton Garden in England; Bodysgallen Hall (Wales); Edzell Castle, Muchalls Castle and Myres Castle (Scotland).

The walled kitchen garden at Croome Court, Worcestershire is reputedly the largest 18th-century walled kitchen garden in Europe. It is in private ownership and has been restored by the current owners. In about 1806, a 13 ft high free-standing east–west hot wall was built, slightly off-centre, serviced by five furnaces; this is historically significant as it is one of the first such structures to be built.

The walled kitchen garden at Chilton Foliat, Wiltshire, was the subject of the 1987 television documentary series The Victorian Kitchen Garden.

In literature
In the story of Susanna and the Elders, a walled garden is the scene of both an alleged tryst and an attempted rape. Because of the walls, the community is unable to determine which actually occurred.

In John William Waterhouse's interpretation of the myth of Cupid and Psyche, Psyche lived in Cupid's walled garden.

Much of the storyline of Frances Hodgson Burnett's children's story The Secret Garden revolves around a walled garden which has been locked for ten years. The author was inspired by Great Maytham Hall in Kent.

"Rappaccini's Daughter", a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, takes place almost entirely within the confines of a walled garden in which Beatrice, the lovely daughter of a mad scientist, lives alongside gorgeous but lethal flowers.

In The Last Enchantment, the third book in Mary Stewart's novels of the Arthurian legend, Merlin constructs a heated wall for his garden at Applegarth.

title: Walled garden


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Peter Clavelle

Peter A. Clavelle (born May 10, 1949) is an American politician who served as the 38th and 40th mayor of Burlington, Vermont, and was the first member of a third party to hold the office since James Edmund Burke in 1935. Bernie Sanders also won several elections as an independent candidate in the 1980s (e.g. in 1981, in 1983, in 1985, in 1987), defeating both Republican and Democratic candidates. Sanders and Clavelle founded the Vermont Progressive Party during Sanders' time as mayor.

Early life and education
Peter A. Clavelle was born on May 10, 1949, to Raymond and Eleanor Clavelle in Winooski, Vermont. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in urban studies from Saint Anselm College and a Master of Public Administration from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University.

Career
In 1961, he was elected mayor of Winooski for a day by his Boy Scout troop. In 1972 he was appointed as Castleton's town manager and in 1976 was appointed as Winooski's city manager. During Bernie Sanders' tenure as mayor of Burlington, Clavelle served as Burlington's personnel director and later as director of the Community and Economic Development Office from 1983 to 1989.

1989–1993 mayoral terms
Clavelle was elected mayor in 1989 as a Progressive. During the 1993 mayoral election he raised almost twice as much money as his Republican opponent Peter C. Brownell although Brownell was able to take the Burlington police union's endorsement from Clavell. On March 3 Brownell unexpectedly defeated Clavelle with 5,410 votes to 4,686 votes. Clavelle stated that he lost due to the controversy over his proposal (which was passed) to have the city pay for healthcare benefits for domestic partners of city workers.

1995–2006 mayoral terms
Clavelle returned to the mayor's office two years later in 1995, after defeating Burlington's 39th Mayor Peter Brownell.

The Draft Clavelle for Governor Committee was formed on September 11, 1998, and attempted to gather 1,000 signatures to place Peter Clavelle on the ballot. However, Clavelle announced that he would not run on September 14.

In 2004, Clavelle ran for Governor of Vermont as a Democrat against incumbent Governor Jim Douglas and four other candidates. In order to run in the Democratic Party primary, Clavelle had to change party affiliation, as required by state law. He received the endorsement of five-term former Democratic Governor Howard Dean, but was defeated, 38% to 59%. After Burlington's switch to instant-runoff voting in 2005, Clavelle decided not to run in the 2006 election.

Clavelle did not seek re-election to an eighth term as mayor in the 2006 Burlington mayoral election. Bob Kiss succeeded Clavelle as mayor in April 2006.

In 2012, Clavelle moved to Albania as a staff member on a USAID-funded local governance Non Governmental Organization called TetraTech. He returned to Vermont in 2016.

title: Peter Clavelle


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Talk:Baldwin Locomotive Works/to do

 * Add a photo or two of a Baldwin engine
 * Expand the lead section

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Polynesian rat

The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, and like its relatives has become widespread, migrating to most of Polynesia, including New Zealand, Easter Island, and Hawaii. It shares high adaptability with other rat species extending to many environments, from grasslands to forests. It is also closely associated with humans, who provide easy access to food. It has become a major pest in most areas of its distribution.

Description
The Polynesian rat is similar in appearance to other rats, such as the black rat and the brown rat. It has large, round ears, a pointed snout, black/brown hair with a lighter belly, and comparatively small feet. It has a thin, long body, reaching up to 15 cm in length from the nose to the base of the tail, making it slightly smaller than other human-associated rats. Where it exists on smaller islands, it tends to be smaller still – 11.5 cm. It is commonly distinguished by a dark upper edge of the hind foot near the ankle; the rest of its foot is pale.

Distribution and habitat
The Polynesian rat is widespread throughout the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests that the species originated on the island of Flores. The IUCN Red List considers it native to Bangladesh, all of mainland Southeast Asia, and Indonesia, but introduced to all of its Pacific range (including the island of New Guinea), the Philippines, Brunei, and Singapore, and of uncertain origin in Taiwan. It cannot swim over long distances, so is considered to be a significant marker of the human migrations across the Pacific, as the Polynesians accidentally or deliberately introduced it to the islands they settled. The species has been implicated in many of the extinctions that occurred in the Pacific amongst the native birds and insects; these species had evolved in the absence of mammals and were unable to cope with the predation pressures posed by the rat. This rat also may have played a role in the complete deforestation of Easter Island by eating the nuts of the local palm tree Paschalococos, thus preventing regrowth of the forest.

Although remains of the Polynesian rat in New Zealand were dated to over 2,000 years old during the 1990s, which was much earlier than the accepted dates for Polynesian migrations to New Zealand, this finding has been challenged by later research showing the rat was introduced to both the country's main islands circa 1280.

Behaviour
Polynesian rats are nocturnal like most rodents, and are adept climbers, often nesting in trees. In winter, when food is scarce, they commonly strip bark for consumption and satisfy themselves with plant stems. They have common rat characteristics regarding reproduction: polyestrous, with gestations of 21–24 days, litter size affected by food and other resources (6–11 pups), weaning takes around another month at 28 days. They diverge only in that they do not breed year round, instead being restricted to spring and summer.

Diet
R. exulans is an omnivorous species, eating seeds, fruit, leaves, bark, insects, earthworms, spiders, lizards, and avian eggs and hatchlings. Polynesian rats have been observed to often take pieces of food back to a safe place to properly shell a seed or otherwise prepare certain foods. This not only protects them from predators, but also from rain and other rats. These "husking stations" are often found among trees, near the roots, in fissures of the trunk, and even in the top branches. In New Zealand, for instance, such stations are found under rock piles and fronds shed by nīkau palms.

New Zealand
In New Zealand and its offshore islands, many bird species evolved in the absence of terrestrial mammalian predators, so developed no behavioral defenses to rats. The introduction by the Māori of the Polynesian rat into New Zealand resulted in the eradication of several species of terrestrial and small seabirds.

Subsequent elimination of rats from islands has resulted in substantial increases in populations of certain seabirds and endemic terrestrial birds, as well as species of insects such as the Little Barrier Island giant wētā. As part of its program to restore these populations, such as the critically endangered kākāpō, the New Zealand Department of Conservation undertakes programs to eliminate the Polynesian rat on most offshore islands in its jurisdiction, and other conservation groups have adopted similar programs in other reserves seeking to be predator- and rat-free.

However, two islands in the Hen and Chickens group, Mauitaha and Araara, have now been set aside as sanctuaries for the Polynesian rat.

Rest of the Pacific
NZAID has funded rat eradication programs in the Phoenix Islands of Kiribati in order to protect the bird species of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area.

Between July and November 2011, a partnership of the Pitcairn Islands Government and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds implemented a poison baiting programme on Henderson Island aimed at eradicating the Polynesian rat. Mortality was massive, but of the 50,000 to 100,000 population, 60 to 80 individuals survived and the population has now fully recovered.

title: Polynesian rat


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Talk:Best Friend of Charleston/to do

 * Add more details on the railroad over which it operated
 * Add an image of the locomotive or a replica of it
 * Add the locomotive's specifications

title: Talk:Best Friend of Charleston/to do


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Category:Christian Science

This category comprises articles pertaining to Christian Science, a Christian denomination founded and occupied by the Church of Christ, Scientist.

title: Category:Christian Science


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Al Aziziyah

Al Aziziyah may refer to:

 * Al-Aziziyah, district of Al-Hasakah, Syria
 * Al-Aziziyah (Iraq), town in Iraq
 * ‘Aziziya, city in Libya

title: Al Aziziyah


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Talk:Brooks Locomotive Works/to do

 * Add more detail on Horatio Brooks
 * Add information on the company executives
 * Add a photo or two of a Brooks locomotive
 * Expand the list of preserved engines.

title: Talk:Brooks Locomotive Works/to do


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Wikipedia:Walled garden

On many wikis, Wikipedia included, a walled garden is a set of pages or articles that link to each other, but do not have any links to or from anything outside the group. This can be a failure of linkage, or it can be an attempt to form a group of articles on essentially the same topic. This should especially be avoided on Wikipedia, where one of our core principles is building the web. While orphaned articles are far easier to detect than walled gardens, if you find several pages that only seem to link to each other, then be bold and, depending on the circumstances, add both outgoing and incoming links, or suggest a merge.

title: Wikipedia:Walled garden


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Bhagirathi River

The Bhāgīrathī (Pron: /ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In the Hindu faith, history, and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in hydrology, the other headstream Alaknanda, is considered the source stream on account of its great length and discharge. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda join at Devprayag in Garhwal and are thereafter known as the Ganges.

Etymology
In Hindu texts, Bhagiratha was a descendant of King Sagara of the Suryavamsha, or Solar Dynasty. He played an important role in the descent of the Ganges. The story of Bhagiratha is narrated in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas.

Wanting to show his sovereignty, King Sagara performed a ritual known as ashvamedha, where a horse was left to wander for one year. However, Indra stole the horse to prevent the ritual from being successful. Learning that the horse had disappeared, King Sagara sent his sixty thousand sons to look for it. They eventually found the horse at the ashram of sage Kapila. Thinking that sage Kapila had stolen the horse, the sons interrupted him while he was in deep meditation. This infuriated sage Kapila and with his ascetic's gaze burned all sixty thousand sons to ashes. King Sagara sent his grandson, Amshuman, to ask sage Kapila what could be done to bring deliverance to their souls.

Sage Kapila advised that only the water of the Ganges, which flowed in the heavens, could liberate them. Bhagiratha, Amshuman's grandson, undertook ascetic practices and won the favour of Brahma and Shiva. Brahma allowed the goddess Ganga to descend upon the earth, while Shiva broke Ganga's fall in the coils of his hair so that her force would not shatter the earth.

When Ganga descended, Bhagiratha took her through the mountains, foothills, the plains of India, and to the sea where she liberated the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara. Due to Bhagiratha's role in the descent of the Ganges, the source stream came to be known as Bhagirathi.

Course
The headwaters of the Bhagirathi River are formed at Gaumukh at the foot of the Gangotri glacier. From Gaumukh the river reaches the town of Gangotri. From Gangotri, it travels down a deep gorge and arrives at Bhaironghati. The river continues to travel to Harsil and crosses the Bhagirathi Granite. It then enters a wide valley and meets two tributaries near Jhala. The river continues to flow downwards to Uttarkashi and then through Dharasu, Chinyalisaur, and the old town of Tehri. From Tehri, the river reaches Devprayag via the Himalayas. At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi River converges with the Alaknanda River and travels onward as the Ganges River.

The Bhagirathi River is mythologically known to be the source stream for the Ganges River. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is the source stream for the Ganges River due to its length and discharge. The Alaknanda River, including its tributaries, is 664.5 km and the Bhagirathi River, including its tributaries, is 456.5 km.

Tributaries
The Bhagirathi River is joined by several tributaries; these are, in order from the source:
 * Kedar Ganga at Gangotri (elevation 3049 m),
 * Jadh Ganga at Bhaironghati (elevation 2650 m),
 * Kakora Gad and Jalandhari Gad near Harsil (elevation 2745 m),
 * Siyan Gad near Jhala (elevation 2575 m),
 * Asi Ganga near Uttarkashi (elevation 1158 m),
 * Bhilangna River near Old Tehri (elevation 755 m).

The Bhilangna itself rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation 3717 m) approximately 50 km south of Gaumukh.

The controversial Tehri dam lies at the confluence of the Bhagirathi River and the Bhilangna, at 30.37556°N, 78.48°W, near Tehri. Chaukhamba I is the highest point of the Bhagirathi basin.

Dams
There are 18 dams along the Bhagirathi River, either in operation, under construction or planned. These are, in order from the source:

title: Bhagirathi River


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Talk:Brookville Equipment

responsible use of tags
Someone tagged this article as appearing to be too much like an advertisement. Yeah, I don't see that. I suggest the tag be removed, unless someone can explain specifically, here on the talk page, why the tag is pertinent. Geo Swan (talk) 23:33, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

 * ✅ Geo Swan (talk) 16:28, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brookville Equipment


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Talk:Brookville Locomotive Company/to do

 * Add a photo or two of a Brookville locomotive
 * Expand the history section
 * Discuss what the company manufactures today


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User talk:Tom3

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 22:56, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tom3


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Talk:Cross Examination Debate Association

To stub or not stub?
Does anyone else think this article should not be considered a stub any longer? 67.87.69.159 05:04, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Have removed stub tags. Article is not a stub, and have thus given more accurate grading. Scar ian  Talk  17:54, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Final CEDA Logo.jpg
Image:Final CEDA Logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 13:02, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Shanahan controversy
I'm removing this section from the article because it is not neutral ("uncredentialed"?) and also doesn't seem appropriate for inclusion in the article until some more of the organization's history can be added. Otherwise we give a skewed impression and undue emphasis.

Controversies
At a CEDA debate in June 2008, a heated argument erupted between William Shanahan, a professor at Fort Hays University and coach of the Fort Hays debate team, and Shanara Reid-Brinkley, an uncredentialed associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh and coach of the Pitt team, over whether Reid-Brinkley could serve as judge of the debate. The argument included profanity and featured Shanahan dropping his pants (although keeping his boxer shorts on), bending over and mooning Reid-Brinkley. The argument was the subject of media scrutiny when a video of it was posted on Youtube.

This also means removing video of Shanahan—Reid-Brinkley argument from the External Links section. Discussion welcome.

Johnsu01 (talk) 04:00, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Talk:California Zephyr/to do

 * Add the historic CZ logo
 * Add more details to the Amtrak CZ history and timeline
 * Discuss the Zephyrettes (maybe a separate page???)
 * Add more discussion of the Vista Dome cars
 * Add details on the trains' typical consists

title: Talk:California Zephyr/to do


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Marble Hill House

Marble Hill House is a Neo-Palladian villa, now Grade I listed, in Twickenham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It was built between 1724 and 1729 as the home of Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, who lived there until her death. The compact design soon became famous and furnished a standard model for the Georgian English villa and for plantation houses in the American colonies.

The estate and house came under ownership of the London County Council and was open to the public in 1903. It was the first eighteenth-century house in England to be preserved by a public body. Restoration by the Greater London Council (GLC) began in 1965 and after the dissolution of the GLC the freehold of the house and estate passed to English Heritage.

Description

Marble Hill House was built in 1724–1729 by Henrietta Howard, the mistress of King George II, to the designs of the architect Roger Morris (1695–1749) in collaboration with Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, one of the "architect earls".

Pembroke, then Lord Herbert, based the design of Marble Hill to a large degree on Andrea Palladio's 1553 Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese, Italy, and thus incorporated a cubic saloon on the first floor or piano nobile. Villa Cornaro also served as a model for plantation houses in the American colonies, examples being Drayton Hall (1738–1742) in Charleston, South Carolina, and Thomas Jefferson's initial version of Monticello (1768–1770). It was in other respects an adaptation of a more expansive design by Colen Campbell. It is set in 66 acres (2.67 km2) of parkland known as Marble Hill Park. The Great Room contains lavishly gilded decoration and five capricci paintings by Giovanni Paolo Pannini. Marble Hill House also contains a loaned collection of early Georgian furniture and paintings as well as the Chinoiserie collection of the Lazenby Bequest.

It was located a few miles away from Kendal House, another Palladian property built around the same time for a royal mistress, Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal who had been the long-term lover of George I.

Both Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift were regular guests at the house during the lifetime of Henrietta Howard.

In the late 18th century the house was rented by the Prince Regent (the future king, George IV) for his mistress, Maria Fitzherbert, so the two could continue to meet in private.

Marble Hill House soon became known from published engravings, and it was widely admired for its plan and tightly controlled elevations. Its design was much copied elsewhere, after 1750, and provided a standard model for the English villas built throughout the Thames Valley and further afield, an early example being at New Place, King's Nympton, Devon, built between 1746 and 1749 to the design of Francis Cartwright of Blandford in Dorset.

An archaeological investigation found evidence of what has been described as a bowling alley next to the house in 2017. However, it is likely that game resembled boules as much as bowling and the "alley" (better described as a depression in the ground) does not resemble the modern concept of a bowling alley. The main evidence that the area was used for some sort of bowling rests on contemporary plans.

The house is now owned by English Heritage, which acquired it in 1986 following the abolition of the Greater London Council. Its extensive grounds are known as Marble Hill Park and provide many leisure facilities including rugby and hockey pitches, a cricket pitch and nets, tennis courts, and a children's play area.

In 2015, English Heritage won a Heritage Lottery Fund grant to develop Marble Hill House and its park in order to improve its presentation and the associated leisure facilities. As part of this project Historic England made a range of landscape investigations, including geophysical surveys, aerial photography and lidar mapping, analytical earthwork survey, coring and vegetation analysis to create a clear picture of the development of the Marble Hill landscape from the 17th century onwards. Restoration work on the house included the reinstatement of Georgian colour schemes and renovation of the furnishings and pictures. The works took seven years to complete and cost £8M. The director of English Heritage, Kate Mavor, described the restored house as “one of the forgotten gems of Georgian London”.

In popular culture
Marble Hill House is used as a stand-in for a plantation house in the 1994 film Interview with the Vampire.

title: Marble Hill House


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Talk:Central Pacific Railroad

Untitled
Bravo. This is just what I hoped for in a Central Pacific Railroad article. Unfortunately, the Union Pacific Railroad doesn't meet this standard. Just a couple of minor things. If I could source it, I'd add something about the Union Pacific using Irish immigrant labor (not Chinese, like most people think), and that railways today don't get the subsidies & general revenue spending highways do (which maybe isn't for here...), based on (I think) It's a Sprawl World. Trekphiler 07:03, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Sorry I have no idea how this works, so pardon my lack. The article states,"They were issued at the rate of $16,000 per mile of tracked grade completed west of the designated base of the Sierra Nevada range near Roseville, CA . . ." Is this correct? I would assume this would be to the *east* of Roseville as I believe a railway line between San Francisco and Roseville preexisted the rest of the line. Also, unless I'm mistaken the Sierra Nevadas are largely to the east of Roseville. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JPhilipW (talk • contribs) 19:10, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

Yes, it was $16,000 before Roseville, and $48,000 east of Roseville through the Sierras. GusterPosey (talk) 08:17, 26 December 2016 (UTC)

Southern Pacific
From the Article: "In 1885 the Central Pacific Railroad was leased by the Southern Pacific Railroad, though it technically remained a corporate entity until 1959 when it was formally merged into Southern Pacific. The original right of way is now part of the Union Pacific which purchased Southern Pacific in 1996."

From Southern Pacific: "September 25, 1868: The Big Four purchases the Southern Pacific. 1870: Southern Pacific and Central Pacific operations are merged. "

So which is true? Ithesu 06:57, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * For a detailed accounting of the history of the early relationship between the CPRR and SPRR see "The Separation of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads" by Fred G. Athearn, Esq., Western Counsel, The Union Pacific Railroad Company (1922) (Centpacrr (talk) 07:21, 21 May 2008 (UTC))

 * The Big Four was a group of four men who owned and managed the railroad. The combined operations means that Southern Pacific directed train dispatching and Southern Pacific crews operated the trains with Southern Pacific equipment, but the accounting remained separated for legal purposes. Slambo (Speak)  10:51, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * To read the full text of the 1885 lease of the CPRR to the SPRR see "Lease of Central Pacific Railroad Company to Southern Pacific Company" dated February 17, 1885 (as modified on January 1, 1888, December 7, 1893, and March 22, 1894.) Senate Document No. 61. 54th Congress, Second Session. Committee on Pacific Railroads, January 13, 1897. (Centpacrr (talk) 11:42, 21 May 2008 (UTC))

 * The Financing section would be improved by rewriting legislative language in more direct English.--Parkwells (talk) 18:12, 28 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Is this the reason for the "Cleanup" tag? Biscuittin (talk) 16:41, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Clean-up tag questions, 2010-03-29
Unknown. I reviewed the 2007 history and cannot determined who placed the tag. However, there are several edits that mention clean-up and bot entry dating the tag. I would surmise that due to sections like the timeline and financing is where the objection or tag came from. For example, the timeline section is non-standard formatting and somewhat difficult to follow or read. If someone could do a section by section copyedit to bring them up WP:MOS standards, that would definitely clear the tag. --Morenooso (talk) 17:54, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
 * In the "Timeline" section, (e.g. June 21, 1861: "Central Pacific Rail Road of California" incorporated) I'd prefer to put the year first because it is a list, e.g. 1861, June 21 or 1861-06-21. What date format would you suggest? Biscuittin (talk) 13:13, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I see no reason to change the date formatting which seems quite clear (actually clearer) as it is. Centpacrr (talk) 15:14, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * To better educated readers, it is okay. However, it could be formatted in either a column style. A better style is a linear timeline like this one - Timeline example. Presently, it is unformatted and nonstandard to other similar articles.--Morenooso (talk) 15:40, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * My main interest in this is to clear up the clean-up tag. My firm belief is that since the tag was not discussed as to why and what needed clean-up, it should now be removed and this discussion should serve as the record for its removal. Should another editor wander along, they would need to discuss here what needs clean-up before re-adding the tag. --Morenooso (talk) 15:40, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * As for the date in the timeline, I would use what is standard for citations: YYYY-MM-DD. It would save space and give the individual sentences a better look versus the following made-up example:

 * June 21, 1861 - Something done on this date.
 * July 1, 1862 - Something else very important done on this date.
 * January 8, 1864 - Another milestone.

versus:

 * 1861-06-21 - Something done on this date.
 * 1862-07-01 - Something else very important done on this date.
 * 1864-01-08 - Another milestone.

Visually that looks better and is more standard. --Morenooso (talk) 15:49, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that I must disagree completely on changing the date formatting. "June 1, 1961" is much clearer than "1861-06-21" as this is the way people actually talk and think about dates in normal usage and conversation. Centpacrr (talk) 15:59, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Okay, then the clean-up tag is justified. --Morenooso (talk) 16:05, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer 1861-06-21 because this section is a chronological list and the year is the most significant information. The month and day are of relatively little importance. June 21, 1861 may be the normal usage in the US, but not in the UK. In the UK, it would be 21 June 1861. Biscuittin (talk) 22:23, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * It is a US railroad so I suppose US date format is appropriate but I'd still prefer to have the year first because it clarifies the chronology. Biscuittin (talk) 22:27, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * To resolve the clarity issue I've added bolded year "breaks" to the timeline. Centpacrr (talk) 23:40, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Including the book "The Classic Western American Railroad Routes" in the "Further Reading" list
Anonymous IP editor 75.2.209.226 has now twice deleted the book "The Classic Western American Railroad Routes" from the further reading list claiming that it "does not relate to the CPRR" and that its listing is "spam." In fact 68 pages (11-22 and 39-85) of this book are directly about the CPRR, and the volume also includes a complete full color annotated reproduction of the detailed route map of the CPRR published in 1910 by the USGS which he/she would have known if he/she had simply looked at a copy of the book. Also in addition to hundreds of color reproductions of illustrations, period photographs, and artifacts on the CPRR and several other lines in the book, it also contains about 100,000 words of original text on these lines including the CPRR, and thus is clearly not, as 75.2.209.226 claimed earlier, just a "picture book". While I am the author of the sections on the CPRR/UPRR "Overland Route" (aka the "First Transcontinental Railroad" and originally the "Pacific Railroad") as well as having served as the Consultant Editor for the overall 320-page volume with the responsibility for editing and fact checking the copy submitted by the seven other writers and professional railroad historians who contributed material on other lines, I have no continuing financial interest in how many copies it eventually sells as I did this project under contract under which I was paid in full up front by the publisher and receive no residuals based on sales.

Also if anonymous IP editor 75.2.209.226 believed that listing the Western American Railroad Routes book constituted a "conflict of interest" because mine is the only name that appears on the title page of the book, then I am wondering why he/she did not also delete my other book on the subject, "Riding the Transcontinental Rails: Overland Travel on the Pacific Railroad 1865-1881" from the list which he/she previously claimed to be an unedited "vanity" book? (This 445-page volume published in 2005 is not such a book, by the way, as I also did this project under contract and was fully paid by the publisher for my work.) He/she also does not indicate if he/she has read or seen this book either, or for that matter any of the other books or articles that appear on the list. Both of my books are directly on the topic of the Central Pacific Railroad, contain unique material on the subject not available in this form in other publications, and have been commercially published by established publishing houses all of which makes them appropriate to inclusion on the "Further Reading" list. Centpacrr (talk) 18:51, 13 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Your re-introduction of a book edited by you, of course, constitutes a conflict of interest. 75.2.209.226 (talk) 23:24, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Please see my talk page here for my response. Centpacrr (talk) 00:53, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Central Pacific Railroad also first victim of the West's First Great Train Robbery
Nevada State Historical Marker #128 on the northwest corner of Bridge Street and South Verdi Street near railroad crossing.

The wests first train robbery occurred near this site on the night of November 4, 1870. Five men, led by a stage robber-Sunday school super indendent, John Chapman, boarded the Central Pacific Overland Express at Verdi, Nevada. Two took over the engine, one the express car, and two the rear platform. One half mile east, the engine and express car were halted and cut free, then procceeded about five miles where they were stopped by a barricade. Here the robbers forced the messenger to open up. Seizing about $41,600 in gold coin, they rode off. The uncoupled cars coasted down grade and met the engine. The train proceeded to Reno. After a two state chase all were caught, tried, and convicted. About 90% of the gold coin was recovered"--Ronald Van Heest (talk) 18:43, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Map requested
There should be a map showing the route as originally constructed. 18.26.0.5 (talk) 20:23, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

More on the Chinese Immigrants/workers and how they were treated
I think that the Chinese immigrants/workers were very much mistreated and were not given enough credit for the construction of the tunnel through the Sierra Nevadas to help complete the transcontinental railroad. SquawMan1 (talk) 18:32, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: The History of Immigration in the United States
— Assignment last updated by Charliewerth (talk) 13:09, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central Pacific Railroad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Candyware

Candyware
Subneologism. What Google hits there are (12) mostly have nothing to do with this definition. --jpgordon {gab} 22:58, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. While the definition on the page seems to be completely invented, candyware can refer to a form of freeware/shareware where the program author can be sent candy or some other small gift from appractitive users of the software. The entry should probably get changed instead of deleting. 63.197.31.110 23:50, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Even that usage seems vanishingly small -- maybe 5 or 6 references to it google-wide, and that's generous because some of the usages are on non-English pages that I'm mostly just guessing mean the free/shareware thing. --jpgordon {gab} 00:42, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Entirely phantasy usage. Geogre 01:32, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No real usage with that meaning or any other meaning. Many shareware authors construct nonce words if they don't want actual money payments—I've heard of "postcardware" and "beerware"—but they are not in widespread use. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:47, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Seems too much like a Dicdef. The Template:Software_distribution already has a number of software distribution methods that are not really encyclopedic (Hostageware comes to mind here).   Also, not common enough usage to warrant moving to Wiktionary.  --Feedle 05:42, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Who's Michael Corbett? Delete.  RickK 06:43, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. --Improv 14:50, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. Author agrees with deletion (wrote on page "Apologies for incorrect use of wikipedia. Beleive the term Candyware will gain more use in the future. Delete it.")   — Gwalla | Talk 23:33, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Constitutional Court of Hungary

[Untitled]
Does a redirect like this do any good? Is there a Wikipedian policy to make such redirects?

--Adam78 22:58, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

=Redirection again=

The section "controversy over the new constitution" is dealing not only with the rules regulating the functioning of the Court, but with the whole new Hungarian constitution itself. If this section will be expanded with further reactions of international organisations, we should consider redirection to the constitution of Hungary --Ltbuni (talk) 13:43, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Constitutional Court of Hungary


text:
Talk:Central Pacific Railroad/to do

 * Expand the history section and elaborate on the railroad's involvement with the first transcontinental route.
 * Discuss the railroad's relationship with the Southern Pacific
 * Add a system map
 * Add a list of the railroad's principal executives
 * Link / Pictures of Locomotives and representative Rolling Stock

title: Talk:Central Pacific Railroad/to do


text:
Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design

The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) is a state art college founded in 1992 in Karlsruhe, Germany. It focuses on media art, communication design, product design, exhibition design and scenography, art research, and media philosophy, with a strong interdisciplinarity between the departments. The university has about 400 students.

History
The university was opened on 15 April 1992 as a reform college in Karlsruhe. Together with the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe (ZKM) it was founded during the years 1989 to 1992 by Heinrich Klotz. This combination of teaching, research and exhibition institutions corresponds to the self-imposed artistic and pedagogical task of relating the traditional arts to media technology and electronic manufacturing processes.

Classical forms such as painting were only represented with a professorship until 2004. Interdisciplinary work should be promoted by linking artistic, applied and theoretical courses. With bringing together media art, art theory and design Klotz wanted to found an "electronic Bauhaus". Since 1997, the HfG Karlsruhe as well as the ZKM is housed in a listed former ammunition factory.

After the death of Klotz in 1999, Gunter Rambow took over the provisional management of the university. In early 2001, Peter Sloterdijk was appointed rector, which he remained until his retirement in 2015. After a transitional phase under Deputy Rector Volker Albus, Siegfried Zielinski's term of office began in February 2016. In December 2017 according to own information Zilinski asked the Minister of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg for the early termination of his contract. As a reason, he stated that his reform ideas were not enforceable. Since 1 April 2018 Johan F. Hartle has taken over the position of acting Rector at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design.

Study
The interdisciplinary framework of the early years is still being preserved by the four practical departments

as well as the theoretical department
 * Exhibition Design and Scenography,
 * Communication Design,
 * Media Art and
 * Product Design
 * Art Research and Media Philosophy

Common to all degree courses is the project work practiced from the beginning, as well as continued cooperation with the neighboring ZKM. In-house workshops and studios were also set up for the practice-oriented training of the HfG students.

For the students of the theoretical subjects the choice of a practical secondary subject is obligatory. The students of the practical subjects are obliged to study a theory subject such as art research or media philosophy as a minor subject. The four practical study programs of the HfG Karlsruhe are permeable fields of study, which allow intensive connections to other subjects and, depending on the research and development focus of the specific university teacher, receive different emphases. The media-theoretical analysis permeates the practical events, on the other hand, the media-theoretical and art-research training is concretized by an immediate practical relevance.

Prerequisite for admission to the program is the general or subject-related higher education entrance qualification as well as the successful completion of an entrance examination.

Degree
At the HfG Karlsruhe, no Bachelor/Master programs are offered, as from the first semester on the project study with contents that can not be modularized, is practiced. The HfG Karlsruhe still awards the internationally recognized diploma or Magister's degree. On the basis of the Magister's degree a doctorate (Dr. phil.) in art theory, media theory and philosophy is also possible. The international Bologna compatibility of HfG degrees is guaranteed. In 2008, the Wissenschaftsrat certified the HfG Karlsruhe an "excellent training concept" in its evaluation report.

Departments
Name of the degree in brackets.

 * Media art (Diploma) with the teaching areas
 * Digital Art/InfoArt
 * Movie
 * Photography
 * Sound
 * 3D-Laboratory
 * Game-Lab
 * Product design (Diploma)
 * Communication Design (Diploma)
 * Exhibition Design and Scenography (Diploma) with the teaching areas
 * Scenography
 * Exhibition Design
 * Curatorial Studies and Dramaturgical Practice
 * Art Research and Media Philosophy (Magister) with the teaching areas
 * Art Research and Media Theory
 * Philosophy and aesthetics

Professors

 * Matthias Bruhn (Philosophy and Media Theory)

 * Céline Condorelli (Media Exhibition Design)
 * Filipa César (Time Based Media und Performance)
 * Anne Duk Hee Jordan (Digital Arts)
 * Constanze Fischbeck (Scenography)
 * Line-Gry Hørup (Communication Design)
 * Diana McCarty (Time Based Media und Performance)
 * Chris Kabel (Product Design)
 * Tereza Rullerova (Communication Design and Digital Practices)
 * Isabel Seiffert (Communication Design)
 * Wieki Somers (Product Design)
 * Füsun Türetken (Product Design)

Former professors

 * Werner Aisslinger (Product Design)
 * Volker Albus (Product Design)
 * Hans Beller (Film)
 * Hans Belting (Art Research)
 * Michael Bielický (Info-Art/Digital Media)
 * Martin Bohus (Media Art/Film)
 * Klaus vom Bruch (Media Art)
 * Michael Clegg (Artistic Photography)
 * Didi Danquart (Media Art/Film)
 * Louis Philippe Demers (Media Exhibition Design)
 * Anja Dorn (Curatorial Studies and Dramaturgical Practice)
 * Elger Esser (Media Art/Photography)
 * Omer Fast (Media Art)
 * Vadim Fishkin (New Media Art)
 * Günther Förg (Painting)
 * Chup Friemert (Design Theory and Design History)
 * Ludger Gerdes† (Painting)
 * Siegfried Gohr (Art Research and Media Philosophy)
 * Markus Grob (Architecture)
 * Götz Großklaus (Media History)
 * Boris Groys (Philosophy and Media Theory)
 * Byung-Chul Han (Philosophy and Media Theory)
 * Johan Frederik Hartle (Art Research and Media Philosophy)
 * Thomas Heise (Media Art/Film)
 * Candida Höfer (Media Art/Photography)
 * Stephan von Huene† (Media Art)
 * James Irvine† (Product Design)
 * Anna Jermolaewa (New Media Art)
 * Isaac Julien (Media Art)
 * Ines Kaag and Désirée Heiss (Designduo Bless) (Product Design)
 * Dietmar Kamper† (Media Theory, Sociology and Philosophy)
 * Dieter Kiessling (Media Art)
 * Stephan Krass (Literary Art)
 * Susanne Kriemann (Media Art/Artistic Photography)
 * Mischa Kuball (Media Art)
 * Wilfried Kuehn (Exhibition Design und Curatorial Practice)
 * Marie-Jo Lafontaine (Sculpture and Multimedia)
 * James Langdon (Communication Design)
 * Urs Lehni (Communication Design)
 * Daniel Libeskind (Architecture)
 * Armin Linke (Photography)
 * Hansjerg Maier-Aichen (Product Design)
 * Christian Möller (Exhibition Design)
 * Andreas Müller (Exhibition Design)
 * Marcel Odenbach (Media Art)
 * Dietrich Oertel (Architecture)
 * Jai Young Park (Sculpture and Multimedia)
 * Matteo Pasquinelli (Media Philosophy)
 * Florian Pfeffer (Communication Design)
 * Beatrix von Pilgrim (Scenography)
 * Tania Prill (Communication Design)
 * Răzvan Rădulescu (Film)
 * Gunter Rambow (Visual Communication)
 * Chris Rehberger (Communication Design)
 * Manfred Reichert (Music)
 * Edgar Reitz (Film)
 * Lois Renner (Media Art/Photography)
 * Peter Anselm Riedl (Art Research)
 * Wolfgang Rihm (Composition)
 * Sereina Rothenberger (Communication Design)
 * Rolf Sachsse (Theories of Design)
 * Michael Saup (Media Art/Digital Media)
 * Michael Schirner (Communication Design)
 * Heike Schuppelius (Scenography)
 * Helmut Schuster† (Painting)
 * Johannes Schütz (Scenography)
 * Michael Simon (Scenography)
 * Peter Sloterdijk (Philosophy)
 * Lothar Spree (Media Art/Film)
 * Rebecca Stephany (Communication Design)
 * Thomas Struth (Media Art/Photography)
 * João Tabarra (Media Art)
 * Andrei Ujică (Film)
 * Ulay (Uwe Laysiepen, Media Art)
 * Wolfgang Ullrich (Art Research and Media Philosophy)
 * Sven Voelker (Communication Design)
 * Peter Voß (Media)
 * Penelope Wehrli (Scenography)
 * Hannes Wettstein† (Product Design)
 * Beat Wyss (Art Research and Media Philosophy)

title: Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design


text:
Talk:City of Denver (train)/to do

 * Add a list of the communities served by this train
 * Add a photo or two of the train in action
 * Is there anything else that can be said on this train's world record in 1936?
 * Add more information on the cafe/lounge car mentioned in the article
 * Add a route map
 * Add timetable data

title: Talk:City of Denver (train)/to do


text:
Talk:City of Los Angeles (train)/to do

 * Add a photo or two of the train in action
 * Elaborate on the competition between this train and the Super Chief
 * Did this train operate on CNW rails into Chicago? Yes, until 1955.
 * Add a list of the communities served by this train. Stops in 1950 added. (Perha45 (talk) 21:32, 14 November 2010 (UTC))
 * Add a list of the communities served by this train after 1955. (Perha45 (talk) 01:32, 15 November 2010 (UTC))
 * Add timetable data. Sample time tables 1947, 1950 and 1953 added. 1947 and 1953 from Official UP Time Tables. 1950 from Official Guide. (Perha45 (talk) 21:32, 14 November 2010 (UTC))
 * Enter correct car numbers for the Domeliners. 8008 and 9009 were assigned to the City of Portland, not the COLA. (Perha45 (talk) 21:35, 14 November 2010 (UTC))
 * Verify the information re. retiring Dome Diners in 1970. Kratville shows a Domeliner Menu from 1971. (Perha45 (talk) 22:29, 15 November 2010 (UTC))

title: Talk:City of Los Angeles (train)/to do


text:
Talk:Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works

N.C. Transportation Museum Welcomes Historic Civil War Locomotive, the Texas
|N.C. Transportation Museum Welcomes Historic Civil War Locomotive, the Texas

Looks like we need to update the location/disposition! Not quite sure of the detail to put in the main page though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SkylosSobaka (talk • contribs) 15:54, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works


text:
Talk:Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works/to do

 * Expand the history section
 * Add a photo or two of a Cooke locomotive
 * What is this company's affiliation with Danforth?


text:
Talk:Davenport Locomotive Works

Photo
Added a photo of a preserved Davenport fireless locomotive at the Heart of Dixie Railroad Museum in Calera, Alabama. Article could certainly use some more photos so I am leaving the To Do tag for now.Civilengtiger (talk) 18:27, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

WP Trains assessment
Added a Low assessment to WP Trains block corresponding to Davenport's role as a notable, but not prolific, builder of locomotives. Civilengtiger (talk) 18:27, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Davenport Locomotive Works


text:
Talk:Davenport Locomotive Works/to do

 * Add a photo or two of a Davenport locomotive

title: Talk:Davenport Locomotive Works/to do