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Sydney Kings

The Sydney Kings are an Australian men's professional basketball team competing in the National Basketball League (NBL). The team is based in Sydney, New South Wales, and play their home games at Qudos Bank Arena in Sydney Olympic Park. The Kings were formed from a merger between the West Sydney Westars and the Sydney Supersonics in October 1987. The Kings have won five NBL championships in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2022 and 2023. They were the first team to win three consecutive championships in the NBL and currently sit third behind Melbourne United (six) and the Perth Wildcats (ten) for championships won.

1988–2002: First 15 years
The Kings were formed from a merger between the West Sydney Westars and the Sydney Supersonics in October 1987. The team adopted the purple-and-gold colours traditionally linked with the most winning team in the NBA during the 1980s, the Los Angeles Lakers.

Before the merger, no Sydney-based teams had ever made the final four in NBL competition. That changed in 1989, when the Kings finished fifth with a 15–9 record and advanced to the semi-finals with a 2–1 win over the Melbourne Tigers. After splitting their first two games in the semi-finals, the Kings were humiliated by the Canberra Cannons 142–82 in the series-deciding third game.

Sydney made the playoffs in 1990, losing in the first round to the Brisbane Bullets. In 1992, led by imports Dwayne McClain (who was named to the All-NBL First Team) and Ken McClary (ranked 5th in the league in rebounds), the Kings finished second on the ladder. This time they advanced to the semi-finals and were beaten by the Tigers, who would eventually lose to the South East Melbourne Magic in the championship series.

Over the next few years the Kings, despite the rich pockets of private owner Mike Wrublewski, earned a reputation for being chronic under-achievers. The team featured high-profile players like Leon Trimmingham, Mario Donaldson, Dean Uthoff and Phil Smyth during the mid-90s but they failed to make the playoffs in 1993 or 1995, and were eliminated in the first round in 1994 and 1996. The team soon received the nickname of 'The Violet Crumbles', a popular chocolate bar sold in a purple wrapper; the joke being that the team was wrapped in purple and shattered under pressure. 'The Cardiac Kids' was another tag, for the team's frequency in getting involved in close, thrilling games.

After their 1996 elimination, the Kings would not make the NBL playoffs again until 2001, when they made it to the first round before being eliminated by the Townsville Crocodiles. Australian Olympic team guard Shane Heal was recruited to lead the team, and he finished second in the league in scoring average, behind Olympic teammate Andrew Gaze. Heal finished third in scoring average in the 2001–02 season, but the Kings again failed to make the playoffs.

2003–2008: First championship era
For the 2002–03 season, Heal was joined by talented imports Chris Williams and Kavossy Franklin. The team also welcomed the NBL's all-time leader in coaching victories, Brian Goorjian. The Kings finished on top of the ladder with a 22–8 record, and swept the Perth Wildcats 2–0 in the grand final series to claim their first-ever championship.

With Goorjian able to implement his defensive tactics which were so successful with the Spectres, Magic and Titans in Melbourne, there seemed to be no stopping the Kings, who were able to recruit quality imports like 2002–03 league MVP Chris Williams. In addition, many Victorian groomed players who had previously played for Goorijan such as Jason Smith and Bradley Sheridan followed him north to Sydney.

Heal retired after the 2002–03 season, and C. J. Bruton was recruited to take his place, Jason Smith was signed after returning to the NBL after playing in Europe but unfortunately was injured 13 games into the season and was replaced by import Chris Carrawell. The Kings started the 2003–04 season with 10 successive wins, and would eventually win their second championship after their best-of-five grand final series with crosstown rivals West Sydney Razorbacks went down to the deciding fifth game. Kings player Matt Nielsen would win the regular season and finals MVP in 2003–04 before leaving to play overseas.

The Kings again performed strongly in the 2004–05 season despite a disastrous early game against Townsville which saw C. J. Bruton out for weeks with an elbow injury, and a season-ending ACL tear for rookie of the year candidate Luke Kendall. The Kings managed without their starting backcourt until Bruton came back and they signed import big man Rolan Roberts. Arguably stronger than before the Kings finished on top of the ladder and crushed the Wollongong Hawks in three straight games to become the first team in Australian league history to win three consecutive championships. Jason Smith was named the NBL Finals Most Valuable Player.

In the 2005–06 season, the Kings again finished atop the ladder and made it to the grand final. Import centre Rolan Roberts suffered a torn pectoral muscle imitating a Vince Carter dunk during the All Star dunk competition and was replaced by Sedric Webber. In the finals they were swept 3–0 by the Chris Anstey led Melbourne Tigers. The club was then purchased in 2006 for $2 million by the chairman of fuel technology company Firepower International, Tim Johnston. Johnston later sold a part share in 2007 to 31-year-old Dorry Kordahi, CEO and owner of DKM.

The 2006–07 season would see the Kings continue their success into the post-season despite losing star guard C. J. Bruton in the previous off-season to the Brisbane Bullets. The Kings faced off against the Bruton led Bullets in the semi-finals losing 2–0 while captain and key player Jason Smith attempted to play through a broken hand.

A finals rematch was on the table for the Kings in the 2007–08 season facing off against the Melbourne Tigers once again. The series this time would go to the deciding 5th game, which among rumours of a potential collapse for the club and uncertainty around playing contracts and future, saw the Kings lose 3–2 to the Tigers at home.

2008–2010: Club demise
On 24 March 2008, coach Brian Goorjian quit the club after a mutual agreement, and on 12 June 2008, the NBL terminated the Sydney team's licence as Firepower collapsed and the Kings were unable to pay player salaries.

2010–2012: Kings relaunch
Under a revised management structure and ownership, the Sydney Kings relaunched for the 2010–11 NBL season, returning to the league after a two-year absence. However, despite big-named additions such as Julian Khazzouh, Ben Madgen and Luke Martin, the Kings in their first season back finished in last place on the ladder with an 8–20 record.

Due to the 2011 NBA Lockout, Australia's highest profile basketballer, former Milwaukee Bucks centre Andrew Bogut, was looking to play in the NBL during the 2011–12 season. He was linked with the Adelaide 36ers, the Gold Coast Blaze and the Kings, whom Bogut had supported when growing up in Australia. Sydney was favored to secure his services and Bogut ultimately chose to make his NBL debut with the Kings. However, the insurance to cover his remaining US$39 million contract with the Bucks could not be resolved, leaving the Kings and the NBL without the services of Australia's highest profile player. It was expected that Bogut's signing would see an increase in Kings membership and league attendances. Despite not being able to play, Bogut later expressed interest in joining the Kings' coaching staff during the lockout to help the club. This ultimately did not happen either.

The Kings fared better in 2011–12, finishing the season in seventh spot with an 11–17 record.

2012–2018: Continued struggles
The Kings continued to struggle over the ensuing six years, qualifying just once (2012–13) for the playoffs in their eight seasons since returning to the league, and finishing with a losing record in the regular season in each of their eight seasons. In November 2015, the club played their 800th game in franchise history. Australian basketball icon Andrew Gaze was named head coach of the team on a three-year deal starting with the 2016–17 season. The team recruited big names Kevin Lisch, Brad Newley and Aleks Marić plus imports Greg Whittington and Michael Bryson for the 2016–17 season; however after starting the season with five wins in their opening six games, the Kings won just eight of their remaining 22 games and missed the playoffs.

Before the 2017–18 season, the team recruited imports Perry Ellis and Travis Leslie plus small forward Todd Blanchfield; however fared no better, losing 16 of their first 21 games as Lisch suffered a calf injury that would force him to miss most of the regular season. Late in the campaign the club brought in 2016–17 NBL MVP Jerome Randle and big man Jeremy Tyler. Randle led the team to six wins in their final seven games and was named to the All-NBL Second Team, but the Kings missed the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.

2018–2021: Return to the finals
The 2018–19 season was the Kings' 30th anniversary season in the NBL. On 24 April 2018, the Kings announced the signing of Australian basketball icon, Andrew Bogut. In that same offseason, the Kings became the first beneficiary of the NBL's new Next Stars program, which offers a professional option immediately out of secondary school to Americans (who are currently barred from the NBA draft until one year after graduation), as well as Australians and New Zealanders considering U.S. college basketball. Under the program, the team signed American Brian Bowen. After a 18–10 record across the 2018–19 season, the club recorded their first finals appearance since 2013 however lost 2–0 to Melbourne United in the semi-finals. Andrew Bogut would receive MVP honours becoming the 3rd King to receive the award and the first in 15 years.

After Andrew Gaze left the club under a mutual agreement, Will Weaver was signed as the new head coach. In Weaver's first season with the club, the Kings were minor champions for the first time in over a decade and made it through to the grand final series, however after three games the Kings indicated they did not wish to proceed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and forfeited the series to the Perth Wildcats.

2021–present: Second championship era
In the 2021–22 season, the Kings won 13 straight games, equalling the second-longest winning streak in franchise history set between the end of the 2003 season and the beginning of 2004. Jaylen Adams received MVP honours becoming the 4th King to receive the award. Sydney would go on to sweep both the Illawarra Hawks and Tasmania Jack Jumpers en route to the franchise's 4th NBL championship. Xavier Cooks received the 2021–22 Finals Most Valuable Player award.

The 2022–23 season saw the Kings retain a large portion of their local talent but enlist a new import trio from the likes of Derrick Walton, Justin Simon and Tim Soares. The Kings would continue their dominant performance from the previous season leading to a 19–9 record and the minor premiership, with captain Xavier Cooks taking the honours of MVP, the 5th in Kings history and 3rd in the last 5 years. The finals would prove to be a more arduous journey than the 2022 finals having to face the 3rd seeded Cairns Taipans in the semi-finals after the Taipans lost their first seeding game, who the Kings would go on to defeat 2–1. The New Zealand Breakers would face the Kings in the Grand Final series with both franchises competing for their 5th championship. The Kings defeated the Breakers 3–2 in the best of 5 series after a comeback game 5 win at home to lift the franchise to back-to-back titles. Derrick Walton was named 2022–23 Finals Most Valuable Player.

Home arena
The Sydney Kings' first home venue was the State Sports Centre located at Homebush Bay. After playing at the 5,006-seat venue in 1988 and 1989, the Kings then moved into Sydney's largest indoor venue, the 12,500-seat Sydney Entertainment Centre in 1990. The SEC, known for Kings games as "The Kingdome", would be the Kings' home until the team moved back to Homebush Bay in 1999 and into the new, 18,200-capacity Sydney Superdome which had been built as the main basketball and gymnastics venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney.

Despite attracting an NBL-record 17,143 crowd for their opening-round game in the 1999–2000 season against the Canberra Cannons (played as a double header with the West Sydney Razorbacks playing the Brisbane Bullets), the Kings' time at the Superdome only lasted three years. After the club went into voluntary administration following the 2001–02 season and was then purchased by a new investment group, the franchise decided to move back to the Entertainment Centre in 2002, citing falling attendances and the high cost of playing their games at the NBA-size venue. It was also speculated at the time that the core of the Kings fan base came from the eastern and northern suburbs of Sydney and that fans were not enthused about having to travel to Homebush Bay for games.

The Kings moved back to the Entertainment Centre in 2002, where they remained until 2015, though they were forced to move one game in the 2012–13 NBL season to the State Sports Centre due to a pre-booked event taking priority at the Entertainment Centre. At its closing in 2015, the SEC had a basketball capacity of 10,517 (with curtains blocking off seats behind the basket to reduce capacity) giving the Kings the second-largest capacity venue in the NBL behind the 14,846-seat Perth Arena, though as the SEC was opened in 1983 it also gave the Kings the league's oldest venue.

The Kings moved back to Homebush Bay midway through the 2015–16 season due to the SEC being demolished to make way for an apartment complex and convention centre. On 13 March 2016, the Kings came under new management and were subsequently moved back to the Superdome (Qudos Bank Arena) for the 2016–17 season. During the regular season, the Kings curtained off the upper deck of the Qudos Bank Arena (depending on ticket demand), leaving capacity at approximately 9,000. In the final home game of the 2016–17 season, the Kings drew 11,005 fans to their game against Melbourne United—at the time, the second-largest home crowd in franchise history.

In the 2019–20 season alone, six of the top ten home crowds in franchise history attended games at Qudos Bank Arena.

The Kings averaged 10,012 fans per home game in the 2019–20 NBL season—the largest per-game average at home in franchise history and became the first Sydney Kings team to ever average more than 10,000 fans per home game. The total home fan attendance for the season was 140,168—the largest in franchise history and nearly 20,000 fans more than the previous record set in 1994.

Attendance Records

The Sydney Kings have set attendance records for the league on five occasions while playing at the Superdome, the largest capacity arena in the NBL.

In the 1999–2000 season, the Kings hosted a double header at the Superdome with the West Sydney Razorbacks playing the Brisbane Bullets and the Kings playing the Canberra Cannons. This double header set a league record of 17,143 fans in attendance.

In a game against the Illawarra Hawks on 17 November 2019, the Kings set the all-time NBL single-game attendance record with 17,514 the Superdome. A major drawcard for the game was future NBA star and social media icon LaMelo Ball playing for the Hawks.

In game 3 of the 2022 NBL Grand Final series against the Tasmania Jack Jumpers at Qudos Bank Arena, the team attracted a crowd of 16,149—then the biggest playoff crowd in NBL history and the third-largest crowd overall in NBL history.

In the Grand Final Series of the 2022–23 season against the New Zealand Breakers the Sydney Kings set the new single-game attendance record and playoff game attendance record twice. With the Kings having home-court advantage, games 1, 3 and 5 were played at the Superdome. On Friday 10 March 2023, a new record of 18,049 attended game 3 of the series.

Just five days later with the series at tied 2 wins each, the Kings prevailed in game 5 to win the championship in front of another record attendance of 18,124.

Home arena by Year:

 * State Sports Centre (1988–1989, 2012, 2016)
 * Sydney Entertainment Centre (1990–1999, 2002–2008, 2010–2015)
 * Sydney Superdome (1999–2002, 2016–present)

Honour and awards

 * NBL champions (5)
 * 2003, 2004, 2005, 2022, 2023

 * Regular season champions (7)
 * 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2020, 2023

 * Grand Final Appearances (8)
 * 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2020, 2022, 2023

 * Finals Appearances (18)
 * 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023, 2024

 * NBL Most Valuable Player
 * Chris Williams – 2003
 * Matthew Nielsen – 2004
 * Andrew Bogut – 2019
 * Jaylen Adams – 2022
 * Xavier Cooks – 2023

 * NBL Grand Final MVP
 * Chris Williams – 2003
 * Matthew Nielsen – 2004
 * Jason Smith – 2005
 * Xavier Cooks – 2022
 * Derrick Walton – 2023

 * All-NBL First Team
 * Dwayne McClain – 1992
 * Leon Trimmingham – 1994
 * Shane Heal – 2003
 * Chris Williams – 2003
 * Matthew Nielsen – 2004
 * Jason Smith – 2005
 * C. J. Bruton – 2006
 * Mark Worthington – 2008
 * Julian Khazzouh – 2011, 2012
 * Ben Madgen – 2013
 * Andrew Ogilvy – 2014
 * Josh Childress – 2015
 * Andrew Bogut – 2019
 * Jae'Sean Tate – 2020
 * Jaylen Adams – 2022
 * Derrick Walton – 2023
 * Xavier Cooks – 2023

 * All-NBL Second Team
 * Shane Heal – 2001
 * Matthew Nielsen – 2001, 2003
 * Ebi Ere – 2004
 * Jason Smith – 2006
 * Sam Young – 2014
 * Kevin Lisch – 2017
 * Brad Newley – 2017
 * Jerome Randle – 2018, 2019
 * Casper Ware – 2020, 2021
 * Andrew Bogut – 2020
 * Xavier Cooks – 2022

 * All-NBL Third Team
 * Shane Heal – 2002
 * Kavossy Franklin – 2003
 * C. J. Bruton – 2004
 * Dontaye Draper – 2008
 * Ian Crosswhite – 2013

 * NBL Coach of the Year
 * Brian Goorjian – 2008

 * NBL Rookie of the Year
 * Matthew Nielsen – 1997
 * Derek Moore – 2000
 * Travis Lane – 2002
 * Gary Boodnikoff – 2003
 * Mark Worthington – 2006
 * Ben Madgen – 2011
 * Anatoly Bose – 2012
 * Angus Brandt – 2015
 * Isaac Humphries – 2018

 * NBL Best Defensive Player
 * Isaac Burton – 1996
 * Andrew Bogut – 2019

 * NBL Best Sixth Man
 * Dontaye Draper – 2008

 * NBL Most Improved Player
 * Ben Madgen – 2013

Notable players

 * 🇺🇸 Jaylen Adams
 * 🇦🇺 David Barlow
 * 🇺🇸 Drew Barry
 * 🇺🇸 Jerome Beasley
 * 🇺🇸 Tony Bennett
 * 🇺🇸 Steve Blake
 * 🇦🇺 Todd Blanchfield
 * 🇦🇺 Andrew Bogut
 * 🇺🇸 Bruce Bolden
 * 🇦🇺/🇰🇿 Anatoly Bose
 * 🇺🇸 Brian Bowen
 * 🇦🇺 Angus Brandt
 * 🇺🇸 Kevin Brooks
 * 🇺🇸/🇦🇺 C. J. Bruton
 * 🇺🇸 Evers Burns
 * 🇦🇺 Jason Cadee
 * 🇺🇸 Steve Carfino
 * 🇦🇺 Rhys Carter
 * 🇺🇸 Josh Childress
 * 🇺🇸 Randolph Childress
 * 🇺🇸 Ian Clark
 * 🇦🇺 Brad Dalton
 * 🇦🇺 Mark Dalton
 * 🇦🇺 Ian Davies
 * 🇳🇿 Mark Dickel
 * 🇺🇸 Dontaye Draper
 * 🇺🇸 Acie Earl
 * 🇺🇸/🇳🇬 Ebi Ere
 * 🇺🇸 Trey Gilder
 * 🇺🇸 Al Harrington
 * 🇦🇺 James Harvey
 * 🇦🇺 Shane Heal
 * 🇦🇺 Russell Hinder
 * 🇦🇺 Isaac Humphries
 * 🇺🇸 Stephen Jackson
 * 🇺🇸 Damion James
 * 🇦🇺 Luke Kendall
 * 🇦🇺 Damian Keogh
 * 🇦🇺 Julian Khazzouh
 * 🇦🇺 Daniel Kickert
 * 🇦🇺 Michael Kingma
 * 🇺🇸 Travis Leslie
 * 🇺🇸/🇦🇺 Kevin Lisch
 * 🇧🇷 Didi Louzada
 * 🇦🇺 Ben Madgen
 * 🇦🇺/🇷🇸 Aleks Marić
 * 🇦🇺 Steven Marković
 * 🇺🇸 Jarell Martin
 * 🇦🇺 Luke Martin
 * 🇺🇸 Dwayne McClain
 * 🇦🇺 Brad Newley
 * 🇦🇺 Matthew Nielsen
 * 🇺🇸/ Matt Nover
 * 🇦🇺/ Andrew Ogilvy
 * 🇺🇸 Josh Powell
 * 🇺🇸/🇳🇿 Dion Prewster
 * 🇺🇸/🇺🇦 Jerome Randle
 * 🇺🇸/🇧🇬 E. J. Rowland
 * 🇦🇺 Damien Ryan
 * 🇦🇺 Glen Saville
 * 🇦🇺 Bradley Sheridan
 * 🇮🇳 Amritpal Singh
 * 🇦🇺 Jason Smith
 * 🇦🇺 Phil Smyth
 * 🇺🇸 Jae'Sean Tate
 * 🇦🇺 Aaron Trahair
 * 🇦🇺 Jeremy Tyler
 * 🇺🇸 Casper Ware
 * 🇺🇸 David Wear
 * 🇦🇺 Jarrad Weeks
 * 🇦🇺 Brett Wheeler
 * 🇺🇸 Chris Williams
 * 🇦🇺 Tom Wilson
 * 🇦🇺 Mark Worthington
 * 🇺🇸/🇱🇧 Sam Young
 * 🇺🇸 Denzel Valentine

25th Anniversary Team
On 10 October 2013, the Sydney Kings announced their best team from the first 25 years of the club at their 2013–14 season launch at the Australian Museum. Three-time championship winner with the Kings Brian Goorjian was named head coach of the 25th Anniversary Team, while Jason Smith was bestowed the honour as captain of the team.

Depth chart
Coaches
 * Head coach: 🇺🇸 / 🇦🇺 Brian Goorjian

Wall of Legends
The club honours players, coaches and administrators who have made a significant contribution to the club during its existence in the competition. These are signified with banners that are hung at the stage end of Qudos Bank Arena.

Currently the Wall of Legends stands at 13, with the most recent inductions being made at halftime of the Kings vs Melbourne United match on 28 January 2018.
 * Shane Heal, player
 * Steve Carfino, player
 * Tim Morrissey, player
 * Jason Smith, player
 * Dean Uthoff, player
 * Mike Wrublewski, founder
 * Bob Turner, coach
 * Damian Keogh, player
 * Mark Dalton, player
 * Matthew Nielsen, player
 * Brian Goorjian, coach
 * C. J. Bruton, player
 * Lorraine Landon, administrator

title: Sydney Kings


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Hydrodynamical helicity

In fluid dynamics, helicity is, under appropriate conditions, an invariant of the Euler equations of fluid flow, having a topological interpretation as a measure of linkage and/or knottedness of vortex lines in the flow. This was first proved by Jean-Jacques Moreau in 1961 and Moffatt derived it in 1969 without the knowledge of Moreau's paper. This helicity invariant is an extension of Woltjer's theorem for magnetic helicity.

Let $$\mathbf{u}(x,t)$$ be the velocity field and $$\nabla\times\mathbf{u}$$ the corresponding vorticity field. Under the following three conditions, the vortex lines are transported with (or 'frozen in') the flow: (i) the fluid is inviscid; (ii) either the flow is incompressible ($$\nabla\cdot\mathbf{u} = 0$$), or it is compressible with a barotropic relation $$p = p(\rho)$$ between pressure $p$ and density $ρ$; and (iii) any body forces acting on the fluid are conservative. Under these conditions, any closed surface $S$ whose normal vectors are orthogonal to the vorticity (that is, $$\mathbf{n} \cdot (\nabla\times\mathbf{u}) = 0$$) is, like vorticity, transported with the flow.

Let $V$ be the volume inside such a surface. Then the helicity in $V$, denoted $H$, is defined by the volume integral

H=\int_{V}\mathbf{u}\cdot\left(\nabla\times\mathbf{u}\right)\,dV \;. $$

For a localised vorticity distribution in an unbounded fluid, $V$ can be taken to be the whole space, and $H$ is then the total helicity of the flow. $H$ is invariant precisely because the vortex lines are frozen in the flow and their linkage and/or knottedness is therefore conserved, as recognized by Lord Kelvin (1868). Helicity is a pseudo-scalar quantity: it changes sign under change from a right-handed to a left-handed frame of reference; it can be considered as a measure of the handedness (or chirality) of the flow. Helicity is one of the four known integral invariants of the Euler equations; the other three are energy, momentum and angular momentum.

For two linked unknotted vortex tubes having circulations $$\kappa_1$$ and $$\kappa_2$$, and no internal twist, the helicity is given by $$H = \plusmn 2n \kappa_1 \kappa_2$$, where $n$ is the Gauss linking number of the two tubes, and the plus or minus is chosen according as the linkage is right- or left-handed. For a single knotted vortex tube with circulation $$\kappa$$, then, as shown by Moffatt & Ricca (1992), the helicity is given by $$H = \kappa^2 (Wr + Tw)$$, where $$Wr$$ and $$Tw$$ are the writhe and twist of the tube; the sum $$Wr + Tw$$ is known to be invariant under continuous deformation of the tube.

The invariance of helicity provides an essential cornerstone of the subject topological fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, which is concerned with global properties of flows and their topological characteristics.

Meteorology
In meteorology, helicity corresponds to the transfer of vorticity from the environment to an air parcel in convective motion. Here the definition of helicity is simplified to only use the horizontal component of wind and vorticity, and to only integrate in the vertical direction, replacing the volume integral with a one-dimensional definite integral or line integral:

H = \int_{Z_1}^{Z_2}{ \vec V_h} \cdot \vec \zeta_h \,d{Z} = \int_{Z_1}^{Z_2}{ \vec V_h} \cdot \nabla \times \vec V_h \,d{Z} ,$$

where
 * $Z$ is the altitude,
 * $\vec V_h$ is the horizontal velocity,
 * $\vec \zeta_h$ is the horizontal vorticity.

According to this formula, if the horizontal wind does not change direction with altitude, $H$ will be zero as $$V_h$$ and $$\nabla \times V_h$$ are perpendicular, making their scalar product nil. $H$ is then positive if the wind veers (turns clockwise) with altitude and negative if it backs (turns counterclockwise). This helicity used in meteorology has energy units per units of mass [m$2$/s$2$] and thus is interpreted as a measure of energy transfer by the wind shear with altitude, including directional.

This notion is used to predict the possibility of tornadic development in a thundercloud. In this case, the vertical integration will be limited below cloud tops (generally 3 km or 10,000 feet) and the horizontal wind will be calculated to wind relative to the storm in subtracting its motion:

 * $$\mathrm{SRH} = \int_{Z_1}^{Z_2}{ \left ( \vec V_h - \vec C \right )} \cdot \nabla \times \vec V_h  \,d{Z} $$

where $\vec C$ is the cloud motion relative to the ground.

Critical values of SRH (Storm Relative Helicity) for tornadic development, as researched in North America, are:

 * SRH = 150-299 ... supercells possible with weak tornadoes according to Fujita scale
 * SRH = 300-499 ... very favourable to supercells development and strong tornadoes
 * SRH > 450 ... violent tornadoes
 * When calculated only below 1 km (4,000 feet), the cut-off value is 100.

Helicity in itself is not the only component of severe thunderstorms, and these values are to be taken with caution. That is why the Energy Helicity Index (EHI) has been created. It is the result of SRH multiplied by the CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and then divided by a threshold CAPE:

 * $$\mathrm{EHI} = \frac{\mathrm{CAPE} \times \mathrm{SRH}}{\text{160,000}}$$

This incorporates not only the helicity but the energy of the air parcel and thus tries to eliminate weak potential for thunderstorms even in strong SRH regions. The critical values of EHI:

 * EHI = 1 ... possible tornadoes
 * EHI = 1-2 ... moderate to strong tornadoes
 * EHI > 2 ... strong tornadoes

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hydrodynamical helicity


text:
User talk:Timjm

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– T.P.K. 12:38, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Rutgers Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Speedy deletion nomination of Set point theory

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Martin Yarmush
Please do not repeatedly remove maintenance templates, such as those at Martin Yarmush, without addressing the issues. Thank you. -- Kinu  t/c 03:05, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Can you explain here how you feel the changes are sufficient to warrant removing these tags? The lead section is overwhelmingly long (see WP:MOSBIO), the use of a large number of inline external links is inappropriate (see WP:EL), and changing the references to inline using the references tag does not satisfy the use of references as it is somewhat misleading, considering all of the references were tacked onto one sentence (in other words, still nothing in the article is cited). -- Kinu  t/c 05:12, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Dr. Yarmush specifically asked to removed this information as it is impacting our NIH and NSF grant proposals.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Martin Yarmush for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Martin Yarmush is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Martin Yarmush until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Kinu t/c 21:08, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

The whole entry can be deleted as well too.

Proposed deletion of Martin Yarmush

The article Martin Yarmush has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Pam D  08:22, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Honorary Master of Science

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Honorary Master of Science requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, a "See also" section, book references, category tags, template tags, interwiki links, images, a rephrasing of the title, a question that should have been asked at the help or reference desks, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Wikipedia's guideline on conflict of interest, and related matters
Hello, Timjm. We welcome your contributions, but if you have an external relationship with the people, places or things you have written about on the page Martin Yarmush, you may have a conflict of interest (COI). Editors with a conflict of interest may be unduly influenced by their connection to the topic. See the conflict of interest guideline and FAQ for article subjects for more information. We ask that you:

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Also, editing for the purpose of advertising, publicising, or promoting anyone or anything is not permitted. Hitherto you have not complied with the requirements; please don't edit again without doing so. JBW (talk) 21:34, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timjm


text:
Talk:Ligue 1

Why was Olympique Marseille stripped on it's title
In the fight for the title of the 92/93 season, Olympique had bribed Valenciennes. Aecis 17:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

The 92/93 season
It might be an idea to put Marseille stripped of title there as opposed to just saying no winner. Because unless you actually click to read up on Marseille, there's no way of telling that they were top of the league, but not champions. Notorious Biggles 16:05, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

What actually happened during World War II?
The article says (not too surprisingly) that league play was interrupted from the 1939-1940 through 19444-1945 seasons because of World War II, and no champions are listed. The "French football champions" article does list a 1944-1945 champion, FC Rouen who presumably won the amateur championship. This article, however, says that Ligue 1 "has been an all-professional league since its inception in 1932 except for the 1943-44 season, during which the Vichy regime abolished professionalism," which is odd because there was no First Divison season in 1943-1944, or during any of the war years other than 1939. It looks like what happened was that what is now known as "Ligue 1" suspended play during the war but the member clubs kept going as best they could and played in other, lower-level leagues. And, evidently, by 1945, peace had broken out to the extent where it was actually possible to hold a national club championship of some sort, even though the main professional league was still defunct. Someone with more knowledge of French football than myself should clear this confusion up. Timothy Horrigan (talk) 01:41, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

The Coupe de France did continue throughout the war: it was just the league competition which was suspended. Timothy Horrigan (talk) 01:46, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 07:11, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Disambiguation of 'Division I' in various sports
Editors of this page are invited to comment on a proposal to disambiguate the term 'Division 1' in various sports. Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sports. Cnilep (talk) 16:46, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Founding members
In the table of next year's teams, both AS Monaco and FC Nantes are mentioned as having played top-flight football in the 1932/33 season, which would make them founding members of Ligue 1, and this contradicts the text. I don't know what's correct. 85.226.204.42 (talk) 15:34, 13 June 2013 (UTC)

Media coverage
Europe

Galaxie Sport does not exist anymore. French football was shown on Sport 1 and then Nova Sport (2008 re-branded Galaxie Sport). On this day, French football is shown nowhere in Czech — Preceding unsigned comment added by MartMartinec (talk • contribs) 08:27, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100331205939/http://www.lfp.fr:80/reglements/pdf/statuts/DNCG.pdf to http://www.lfp.fr/reglements/pdf/statuts/DNCG.pdf

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101019012700/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/bilanClubs to http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/bilanClubs
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100427062610/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100424_105021_le-foot-francais-dans-le-rouge.html to http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100424_105021_le-foot-francais-dans-le-rouge.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100601122633/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/press-release/d039400401a17210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm to http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/press-release/d039400401a17210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100505153747/http://www.lfp.fr/communique/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=15918 to http://www.lfp.fr/communique/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=15918
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090311004347/http://www.ligue1.com/actualiteLFP/broadcasters/europe.htm to http://www.ligue1.com/actualiteLFP/broadcasters/europe.htm

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External links modified (January 2018)
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:14, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Champion de France Ligue 1.svg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:51, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Ligue1 Conforama.svg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:07, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Ligue 1 Uber Eats logo.svg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:08, 16 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Ligue 1 Uber Eats logo.svg

title: Talk:Ligue 1


text:
Talk:Ligue 1/to do

List of past winners

title: Talk:Ligue 1/to do


text:
Talk:Xiao Qian/to do

 * Make sure all Chinese in the article is formatted as follows:
 * China (中国[中國], Zhōngguó)
 * Correct the English (result of bad translation from Chinese)
 * Use italics for titles of works in English, 《…》 in Chinese.

title: Talk:Xiao Qian/to do


text:
User talk:Mikeshk

Hi Mikeshk, and welcome to Wikipedia. Better late than never!

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 12:40, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Images
Lupo 13:17, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC) (P.S.: please also give the source and license info for other images you uploaded, e.g. Image:Cihakjaroslav.jpg.)

 * Image:Hradec kralove.jpg is clearly copyrighted and will have to be deleted. - SimonP 06:58, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)

Karlstejn
I rephrased most of the article originally created by you as all the information seems to be copied from the official pages which are probably copyrighted. Feel free to correct or revert me if I'm wrong but otherwise please have a look eg. here. Thanks Matt 21:48, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

disambiguating links
Please see Talk:Skoda. --Joy [shallot]   12:30, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Czech city template
Ja vim ze to neni template. Ze je Chlumec templatizovany jsem nevedel. Neco takoveho by se mohlo pouzivat vsude.

Mozna by se mohla pridat barva k ramecku, jako je u mych mest a u kraju (nekdo zacal s oranzovou a ja jen pokracuju). Starosta je u ceskych mest spis prebytecna informace, najit Coat of Arms je hodne tezke (a ten obrazek vypada lepe nalevo, jako u starych rukopisu). Kdyby bylo mozne dostat se rychle na stranku s prehledem statistik a take mit moznost kliknout nekam kde se ukaze vysledek °N, °W. Stalo by za to videt strukturu okres - kraj, pokud mozno na jedne radce.

A mozna by slo tohle zkoordinovat s ceskou wikipedii (kde ja nejsem) a mit sdilene mapy mest. Pavel Vozenilek 16:32, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Pika.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pika.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to indicate why we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have any concerns, contact the bot's owner: Carnildo. 12:41, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Jan Werich
Do you know what year the photo of Jan Werich is, because I would like to add this to the caption under it, on the page for him. I mean the photo of him in later age and not the one where he is next to Jiří Voskovec, o.k.  Pernambuco 23:25, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

 * if you answer me on my own talkingpage that is best so i wont have to check you page, ok, please Pernambuco 17:23, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Czech Republic
We are estabilishing WikiProject Czech Republic, maybe you would like to participate, please see |this and vote for support.  ≈Tulkolahten≈ ≈talk≈ 10:40, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Czech -> English
Hi. My name is Eysteinn and I come from Iceland. I'm a huge fan of the movie Hostel. The problem is, they use a lot of different language and don't translate any of it. Since you are from Czech republic, I thought I might ask if you can translate any of the following audio files that I have created. I made my best guess acording to the plot on what language it is. If you could fill in the gaps that you can, that would be greatly appreceated. I will then post it on the wikiquote for the film so that others may enjoy your hard work. I recomend that you turn your speaker up. Preferebly have a pair of headsets. I just found you by searching for users from Czech, so if you are not able to translate any of this, I will simply contact someone that can. In any case, take care of yourself (c: Cheers. --Steinninn 15:06, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
 * another girl
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * bubble gum gang
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * disco song
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * dog
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * honking
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * in english
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * let's go
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * mafia driving
 * Russian:
 * English:
 * more bobble gum
 * Slovak:
 * English:
 * no subtitles
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * problem
 * Russian:
 * English:
 * pulp fiction
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * relax bro
 * Slovak:
 * English:
 * train station
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * we're going to the spa
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * where's the bathroom
 * Czech:
 * English:
 * russian
 * Russian:
 * English:

Non-free use disputed for Image:Jan werich.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 09:40, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Ludvik svoboda.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ludvik svoboda.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:34, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Geoboxes
Hi, I've noticed you've been switching Czech towns/cities to Geoboxes. I've recently added a new functionality into Geoboxes: a background map. You can see it at work e.g. here: Pilsen. Hope you're not using IE6 where you can't see the proper display. You might want to use this style of maps for the settlements you edit, I guess the hypsometric background map looks better and is more informative than those blank (or blank with rivers) maps. – Caroig (talk) 22:55, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the tip, it looks really well! --mikeshk 05:39, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

Hi, this is just to let you know you can add auto value to the population_density field, see Teplice, and the template calculates the figure for you. And, I don't won't to sound nitpicky but I wouldn't put the Czech academic titles in front of mayors' names, they're not used this way in English, readers might consider these some sort of names (like Mac in Scottish names). – Caroig (talk) 20:32, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the tip and the advice. I will follow it. --mikeshk 20:48, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It's up to you but I met a few people who considered the Czech title Ing. or Mgr. to be some sort of name prefix … – Caroig (talk) 20:53, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 ≈Tulkolahten≈ ≈talk≈ 15:14, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Geobox tool
Hi, you can actually use the Geobox tool for converting Czech settlement from Geobox 1 to Geobox 2. The tool has two major functions, convert from another infobox/geobox and update fields. You can also run it on any Czech settlement already with Geobox 2, it cleans up the fields (it cleans up the website equal signs as well). The only automation for Czech cities is turning on the country_flag option and adding population_density = auto if this field is empty. – Caroig (talk) 21:14, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Perfect! I have another tip: If there is no convertable box on the target page, could it add an empty Geobox instead? Eg. only with the name taken from the page name and these default values you mentioned? What do you think? --mikeshk 05:29, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems a good idea. It might be better to have another script which would do that, specific to Czech settlements as the template has no way of nowing the location is to be settlement and not river or castle and that it's not the Czech republic. The code's versatile enough. – Caroig (talk) 09:52, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Geobox
Ahoj chlape. Ten argument vyjadřuje vše, protože na WP není jednotná směrnice určující, který box je lepší a má být tedy implementován. Záleží tedy na každém co sí zvolí, já volím Infobox Settlement, protože není tak obří a má všechny dostačujíce potřebné informace. Nicméně proti Tvému switchování na Geoboxy "českých" měst nic nemám, ale obce Těšínska chci mít v Infoboxes, alespoň do té doby, než zazní nějaký konsenzus ve věci Infobox/Geobox. Ten zatím nezapadl a jsme tedy ve schizofrenní situaci. Až komunita Wikipedie dosáhne v této věci nějakého konsenzu, rád se mu podřídím ve smyslu rčení "Vůle Lidu, vůle Boží." Jak říkám, je to "matter of taste", nejde o spor nad obsahem, takže nechci být kvůli tomu s nikým ve zlém. :) - Darwinek 15:21, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, beru. Asi mě v tu chvíli naštvalo jen to lakonické I like Infobox more --mikeshk 06:24, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Pravda, to byla z mé strany trochu blbost. :) - Darwinek 10:12, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Geobox fixes
Hi, Geobox Town is now converted by Geoboxer directly too, without the need to set Geobox Settlement first. (You might have written …) The bug with missing parts is fixed too. – Caroig (talk) 14:28, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * :) Thank you! --mikeshk 14:30, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Would you please look at this: Template talk:Geobox? It concerns you Geoboxer suggestion? – Caroig (talk)

Czech Little Districts
Please do not remove the information on Little Districts or whatever they are to be called in English. Administratively the Czech Republic divides into these units not Districts anymore, which only exist as a statistical unit. You might move them to the municipality field and the districts to the district field if you deem the districts necessary. The whole Pilsen Region was systematically geoboxed from scratch so you could go up and down the administrative units which I'm afraid is now broken. When time allows I'll create maps of regions with the boundaries of these Little Districts as for the Moravian-Sielsian Region e.g. here Čeladná. – Caroig (talk) 19:00, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I don't want to destroy your work. I have only thought that Little district is too small unit to be interesting for readers, but I didn't know your plan. I will repair it. --mikeshk 19:13, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It's not about my plans or personal preferences, all regions of the Czech Republic are administratively divided into those new Little Districts (Communes or whatever they might be called in English). The Districts still exist as a statistical unit but so also do the old regions such as Severomoravský kraj (in the NUTS system of EU). Any map of the Czech Republic printed or published in the recent years shows divisons by these Little Districts, omitting the old districts completely. Check e.g. this link on the official portal of the country - try to zoom in within a region, you get just limits of the Municiplities with Extended Competence. An encyclopaedia should use the most recent data, in my view the old districts which are obsolete on Wikipedia. – Caroig (talk) 19:25, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I can add some handling of this to the Geoboxer for the Czech Republic. By the way, thanks for you conversion list from the CZech Wikipedia Infoboxes. It would also help to include all fields which wouldn't make it to the Geoboxes, these should be mapped to empty strings. For safety the Geoboxer keeps all fields which it doesn't recognize and prints them unchged in a special section. I'll add the Geoboxer for Czech locations when I find the time. – Caroig (talk) 19:31, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Addendum: Also if you follow the external link to the statistical data for any settlement in the Pilsen Region, say Nepomuk, you get a xls table that lists Administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers and the somewhat smaller Administrative districts of municipalities with authorized municipal office, no old districts. – Caroig (talk) 19:47, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, ok, I believe you. :-) So, the term Little District is used as a short form of Municipality with Extended Competence? --mikeshk 20:16, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It's not that. I'm just explaining the rationale why I was adding Little Districts instead of Districts. You are entitled to disagree with anything I've written. The best solution for now seems to keep both for now (it does no harm) and perhaps open a discussion on this topic on the Czech portal? We can always rename/remove any of them using by the Geoboxer.
 * Unfortunatelly, I don't think there's a single official short English term for these administrative units; there's not one in Czech either. – Caroig (talk) 20:52, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Geoboxer and Czech settlements
Hi, the Geoboxer with support for fetching data from the Czech wiki has arrived. You can get the Opera button from here: http://wikipedia.paloch.net/Opera.xhtml. Or you can add a tab to your monobook.js. //add Geoboxer for Czech settlements addOnloadHook(function{   var editTab = document.getElementById("ca-edit");    if (!editTab) return;    addPortletLink("p-cactions", 'http://wikipedia.paloch.net/Geobox2.php?page='+location.href+'&source=cs_obec', "geoboxer.cz", "ca-geobox_cz", "Geoboxer for Slovak settlements","", editTab.nextSibling); }); It will add a Geobox to an article which has none. It fetches all usable data from the Infobox on the czech Wikipedia except the mayor. There's no problem to have even that but I don't think it makes sense to have the name of the mayor for all, even the smallest, settlements on the English Wikipedia. It should be able to do quite a lot of data formatting (e.g. convert various date formats), add a direct link to a czech statistical site and many more, I'm sure you'll discover all the functions yourself. The same fixes or applied also on already Geoboxed Czech settlements if the normal Geoboxer is called.

I've decided to use the term Commune instead of Little District as it appears on several English pages, Little district is rather a folk name. The Geoboxer should fix this (and move the data to the appropriate Geobox field automatically). Please test the tool and report any problems. The Geoboxer will work fine if the data on the Czech wiki are formatted in the way the Geoboxer expects to find them, it might fail should they be formatted differently.

The Geoboxer doesn't test whether the image used on the Czech wiki is available thru the commons as well, if not the image will display as a missing link in red color and you'll have to upload it manually. – Caroig (talk) 11:58, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the tool. But for the name in the header of Geobox you should use rather the name from the header of Czech Infobox, try it at e.g. Přepychy (Pardubice District). And there is also missing Mayor attribute that could be taken from Starosta field. --mikeshk 12:45, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The name's fixed as you suggested. As of the mayor, I'm not sure. As I've written in my initial post, this field isn't processed by design. I don't think the mayor's name at every, even the smallest, settlement is relevant information on the English Wikipedia. I guess it's OK to have the mayor listed at larger towns/cities if the mayor's noteworthy. And there's also a second reason against this, most of the names on the Czech Wikipedia are out-of-date (I checked this manually, usually by looking the name up on the settlement's official site). While even an older figure for population fullfills its purpose, what is the informative value of having a name of a local citizen who was once the mayor for a village of tens or hundreds of citizens? Technicaally, adding support for this conversion is no problem. The Geoboxer doesn't eliminate the mayor's name if it's already in the Geobox, it just doesn't fetch it from the Czech wiki if it's missing. – Caroig (talk) 10:06, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

template:České Budějovice District
proč ty obrázky znaků? to bude v každé šabloně 100 znaků? a navíc jsem to chtěl přepsat kopií z cs pro ošetření duplicit :-( JAn Dudík 14:34, 1 November 2007 (UTC) Why the Coats of arm in this template? it will be 100 coa's in every template? And I wanted to replace that template because of duplicates... JAn Dudík 14:34, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * At first I thought it should look interesting, but you are right, it is useless. Revert it as you wish.--mikeshk 20:38, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

District Templates
Please, do not edit new templates before I get it to all related articles. This templates are debugged in cs, there are solved sites with same names (usually in main name the biggest or disambiguation). I am fixing this problems as I insert template. e.g. in template:Hradec Králové District you changed Hvozdnice, but I made disambiguation after some time. JAn Dudík 10:37, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Damn, I am problematic user. ;-) Acknowledged. --mikeshk 10:48, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Geobox categories
Hi, I've reenabled the auto categorization again taking into account tsome of the objections raised to it. There's a more detailed description how it behaves at Template talk:Geobox. As of the Czech Republic and settlements it puts them all into categories based on the category field. See Category:Settlements in the Czech Republic with geodata. It can be set up to create just one category, as you deem more useful. After all Czech settlements have been geoboxed, these categories might be changed into just Category:Villages in the Czech Republic or anything like that. The existing Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic might become obsolete or we can redirect the geoboxed towns and cities to it. If you wish to change anything, just update Template:Geobox category/settlement/Czech Republic. The existing artciles will be put into those categories after the Wiki software purges their cache, this can be speed up by saving those pages manually. – Caroig (talk) 16:30, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Perfect. Thank you.--mikeshk 15:52, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Dubá
A tag has been placed on Dubá requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Barnstar

 * Wow, thank you very much. I am working on it because I think that the article with Geobox is better (I mean better than a simple sentence like XXX is a town in the Czech Republic) starting point for next editors to inspire them to start working on the main text of the article. --mikeshk (talk) 08:17, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Damn, Tankred, you was quicker! Congrats Mikesh, I also intended to give you a barnstar for your work. It is great you create all those new articles, especially that this job would be also possible for bot and you do it manually. Respect! P.S. Czech Republic has about 7,000 municipalities (obce). Do you plan to cover all after covering all towns? :) Take care! - Darwinek (talk) 12:30, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Dear Darwinek, thank you too. :) Well, for doing this I have made my own tool (similar to Caroig's Geoboxer) that creates Geobox in second using information from the CS wikipedia, so the tirest work is automated. I only have to fix badly fetched information, find CoAs, flags and any interesting photo of the settlement - this part of the work I enjoy. :) And yes - the first milestone are the Czech towns (I keep your Infoboxed North-Moravian in the end :), I don't know if I will continue on villages now. --mikeshk 13:34, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Do not downplay your work:-) Since I use the Geoboxer tool for towns and villages in Slovakia, I know how tiresome fixing bad entries from sk.wikipedia and adding images from commons actually is. By the way, I believe it is feasible to cover all the villages in the Czech Republic. It has been done (by 2-3 users and without any automated tools) in the case of Slovakia. If you decide to go this way, I wish you good luck and diligent collaborators. Tankred 23:56, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Veselé Vánoce

Ahoj! Přeji šťastné a veselé Vánoce a vše nejlepší v novém roce. - Darwinek (talk) 16:49, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Little context in Strmilov
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Please expand your stubs
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Města
Ahoj. Nejsi dlouho aktivní, to je velká škoda. Kdyby ses rozhodl vrátit a dokončit svůj projekt tak, aby každé město v ČR mělo svůj článek a geobox/infobox, bylo by to skvělé. Skončil jsi myslím u "V", takže už toho ani tolik není. Vážím si Tvé práce a bylo by super, kdyby jsi v ní pokračoval. Měj se. - Darwinek (talk) 13:52, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Miroslav_ouzsky.jpg
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Unreferenced BLPs
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Mikroregion Urbanická brázda

The article Mikroregion Urbanická brázda has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Mikroregion Urbanická brázda is a legal entity, not a geographical entity, and is not notable in any way. Basically, every smaller municipality out of 6,000 in the Czech Republic is part of some such association of municipalities, but only two such associations have an article here, both of which I propose to delete."

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Proposed deletion of Mikroregion Nechanicko

The article Mikroregion Nechanicko has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Mikroregion Nechanicko is a legal entity, not a geographical entity, and is not notable in any way. Basically, every smaller municipality out of 6,000 in the Czech Republic is part of some such association of municipalities, but only two such associations have an article here, both of which I propose to delete."

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title: User talk:Mikeshk


text:
User talk:Brudberg~enwiki

Hi Brudberg, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
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If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 12:41, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:14, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brudberg~enwiki


text:
User talk:GaidinBDJ

--UTRSBot (talk) 02:15, 26 August 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:GaidinBDJ


text: Category:Spanish Inquisition

title: Category:Spanish Inquisition


text:
Ligue 2

Ligue 2 (, League 2), also known as Ligue 2 BKT due to sponsorship by Balkrishna Industries, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP), the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division. Contested by 18 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with both Ligue 1 and the third division Championnat National. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 34 games each, totalling 306 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Mondays, with a few games played during weekday and weekend evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.

Ligue 2 was founded a year after the creation of the first division in 1933 under the name Division 2 and has served as the second division of French football ever since. The name lasted until 2002 before switching to its current name. Since the league is a part of the LFP, it allows clubs who are on the brink of professionalism to become so.

History
The second division of French football was established in 1933, one year after the creation of the all-professional first division. The inaugural season of the competition consisted of the six clubs who were relegated following the 1932–33 National season, as well as many of the clubs who opposed the creation of the first division the previous season. Clubs such as Strasbourg, RC Roubaix, and Amiens SC all played in the second division's debut season despite having prior grievances with the subjective criteria needed to become professional and play in the first division. The first year of the second division consisted of twenty-three clubs and were divided into two groups (Nord and Sud). Fourteen of the clubs were inserted into the Nord section, while the remaining nine were placed in Sud. Following the season, the winner of each group faced each other to determine which club would earn promotion. On 20 May 1934, the winner of the Nord group, Red Star Saint-Ouen, faced Olympique Alès, the winner of the Sud group. Red Star were crowned the league's inaugural champions following a 3–2 victory. Despite losing, Alès was also promoted to the first division and they were followed by Strasbourg and Mulhouse, who each won a pool championship, after the first division agreed to expand its teams to 16.

Due to several clubs merging, folding, or losing their professional status, the federation turned the second division into a 16-team league and adopted the single-table method for the 1934–35 season. Due to the unpredictable nature of French football clubs, the following season, the league increased to 19 clubs and, two years later, increased its allotment to 25 teams with the clubs being divided into four groups. Because of World War II, football was suspended by the French government and the Ligue de Football Professionnel. Following the end of the war, the second division developed stability. Due to the increase in amateur clubs, the league intertwined professional and amateur clubs and allowed the latter to become professional if they met certain benchmarks. In 2002, the league changed its name from Division 2 to Ligue 2.

In November 2014, the presidents of Caen and Nîmes were amongst several arrested on suspicion of match fixing. The arrests followed a 1–1 draw between Caen and Nîmes in May 2014, a result very beneficial for each club.

Competition format
There are 18 clubs in Ligue 2. During the course of a season, usually from August to May, each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 34 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion and automatically promoted to Ligue 1. If points are equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship or for relegation, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The second-place finisher are also promoted automatically to the first division. The fourth and fifth-place finishers play a one leg fixture at the fourth-place finisher's stadium, the winner of this fixture faces the third-place finisher at the third-place finisher's stadium, the winner of this fixture plays the 16th-placed team in Ligue 1 for the right to play in Ligue 1 the following season. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the Championnat National and the top three teams from National are promoted in their place. While a decision was originally made that during the 2015–16 season only the best two teams would be promoted to Ligue 1, and the last two teams would be relegated to the National, that decision was later overturned by an appeal to the Conseil d'État and the French Football Federation.

In December 2021, the majority of LFP member clubs, including Championnat National club leaders, voted to contract Ligue 2 from 20 to 18 clubs for the 2024–25 season. This happened one year after Ligue 1 itself dropped from 20 to 18 teams for the 2023–24 season. The plan was for Ligue 2 to relegate four clubs to, and promote two from, National at the end of 2023–24.

Previous winners
Notes:
 * AS Nancy Lorraine is not the successor to FC Nancy.
 * Toulouse FC is not the successor to Toulouse FC (1937).

Records

 * 5 minutes: the time it took Angelo Fulgini (Valenciennes, 2016–17 season) to score the fastest hat trick in the history of Ligue 2.
 * 6 times: the number of times Le Havre won the second division championship.
 * Number of points won by a team in a single season, without achieving promotion to Ligue 1:
 * 77 points (1994–95 season) or 1.833 points per game (42 games) for Toulouse.
 * 72 points (1995–96 season, 22 teams involved): or 1.71 points per game for Laval.
 * 71 points (2018–19 season, 20 teams involved): or 1.868 points per game for Troyes.
 * 70 points (2020–21 season, 20 teams involved): or 1.84 points per game for Toulouse.
 * 52 points (curtailed 2019–20 season, 20 teams involved) or 1.857 points per game (28 games) for Ajaccio.

 * 128 goals: The number of goals scored in 40 games (a single season) by Angers in 40 games, (1968–69 season).
 * 55 goals: the number of goals scored in a season by Gerard Grizzetti, forward playing for Angoulême (1969).
 * 41 seasons: Number of seasons played by the Besançon and Cannes.
 * The fastest goal in the history of Ligue 2 was marked on 26 September 2009 by Rémi Maréval against Nîmes. After eight seconds of play, the ball crossed the goal line of Nicolas Puydebois.

Sponsorship names

 * Domino's Ligue 2 (2016–2020)
 * Ligue 2 BKT (2020–present)

title: Ligue 2


text:
User talk:Calebe

Hi Calebe, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 12:41, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Calebe