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Nestlé Candy Shop

Wonka (formerly Nestlé Candy Shop and The Willy Wonka Candy Company) was a confectionery brand owned and licensed by the Swiss corporation Nestlé. In 2018, the branding and production rights were sold to the Ferrero Group, and as a result, the brand was discontinued. The brand later got revived as promotion for Wonka (film).

Origins
The previous inception of the Wonka brand came from materials licensed from the British author Roald Dahl. His classic 1964 children's novel, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and its film adaptations are the sources of both the packaging and the marketing styles of the Wonka brand. Dahl had licensed the "Wonka" name to film director Mel Stuart. The film's producer, David L. Wolper, convinced the Quaker Oats Company to advance $3 million to finance the film in exchange for the right to use the Wonka name to sell candy bars. Quaker, which had no previous experience in the film industry, bought the rights to the book and financed the picture to promote their new "Wonka Bar". The title of the film was changed to Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory for promotional purposes.

The brand was launched on 17 May 1971, one month before the release of the novel's first film adaptation on 30 June 1971. In 1975, Breaker Confections was acquired by Sunmark Corporation of Saint Louis, Missouri. In 1980, the Breaker Confections brand name was changed to "Willy Wonka Brands" in an attempt to develop the "Wonka" brand image. The company was sold in 1986 to Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery of the UK, who were then acquired in 1988 by Swiss company Nestlé. In 1993, Nestlé renamed it the "Willy Wonka Candy Company", and then "Nestlé Candy Shop" in 2015. In 1988, the Willy Wonka Candy Company brand, then owned by Sunmark Corporation, was acquired by Nestlé. The original "Wonka Bars" never saw store shelves due to factory production problems before the film's release; however, subsequent Wonka product releases were highly successful, including the Everlasting Gobstopper in 1976 and Nerds in 1983.

From 1988 to 2017, Nestlé sold sweets and chocolate under the Wonka brand name in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Africa, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, and the Middle East. The cessation of the Wonka brand was due to the impending sale of branding rights to the Ferrero Group.

To promote the upcoming film Wonka, Ferrara revived the Wonka brand name for promotional "Magic Hat Gummies".

Acquisition by Ferrero
On January 18, 2018, Ferrero announced that it would be purchasing the Nestlé US candy business and all of its US products, office locations, and manufacturing plants. The deal gave Nestlé a value of approximately $2.8 billion.

Products (at time of discontinuation)

 * Bottle Caps
 * Everlasting Gobstopper
 * Fun Dip
 * Laffy Taffy
 * Nerds
 * Pixy Stix
 * Runts
 * Spree
 * SweeTarts
 * SweeTarts Chewy Sours
 * SweeTarts Soft & Chewy Ropes
 * Wonka Ice Cream (Peel-A-Pops and Push Ups)
 * Mixups
 * Randoms (Rowntree's Randoms in the UK, made and sold in the US under the Wonka brand)

Previous products

 * Chewy Runts
 * DinaSour Eggs
 * Dweebs
 * Everlasting Hot Gobstoppers
 * Sour Gobstoppers
 * Longlasting Gobstoppers
 * Fizzy Jerkz
 * FruiTart Chews
 * Fruit Marvels
 * Gummy Nerds
 * Oompas
 * Punky's
 * Rinky Dinks
 * Scrumdidilyumptious
 * Shock Tarts Sour Gum Balls
 * Super Skrunch
 * Tangy Bloops
 * Tangy Bumps
 * Tangy Bunnys
 * Tart 'n' Tinys
 * Tinglerz
 * Volcano Rocks
 * Wacky Wafers
 * Wegg (UK only)
 * Willy Wonka's Guppies
 * Willy Wonka's Squids
 * Willy Wonka's Watermelon
 * Wonkalate (UK only)
 * Wonka Bar
 * Wonka Biscuits (UK only)
 * Wonka Daredevils
 * Wonka Donutz
 * Xploder

title: Nestlé Candy Shop


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Volcano Entertainment

Volcano Entertainment (sometimes referred to as Volcano Records) is an American all-round music record label founded in 1996 which released albums by Tool, 311, Size 14, Survivor and "Weird Al" Yankovic. (The latter two were former Scotti Bros. Records artists and the only artists retained from that label.) The Volcano Records catalog is owned by RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.

History
Volcano Records was founded in 1996 by Kevin Czinger. It is essentially the continuation of Zoo Entertainment which Czinger bought from BMG in 1996. Initially, the company was meant to have two divisions Zoo/Volcano and Volcano which would be a hip-hop imprint. The first album released with the new ownership was Tool's album Ænima followed by actor Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar's album Our Little Visionary. However, the Zoo name was eventually phased out and many of Zoo artists became the cornerstone of the Volcano roster.

In October 1997, Volcano merged with Dallas Austin's Rowdy Records to become Freeworld Entertainment. Freeworld was short-lived, as the label was plagued with financial trouble and the relationship with Austin faltered. Many of the label's employees were either cut or left. Additionally, the label's flagship artist Tool was attempting to leave the label which resulted in a lengthy lawsuit.

In the spring of 1998, Freeworld was purchased and "saved" by the Zomba Label Group. Though the Zoo branding was briefly reintroduced, Zomba quickly returned the Volcano moniker, abandoning Zoo altogether. A month later, Q Prime, led by top managers Cliff Burnstein and Peter Mensch, purchased a 50% stake in Volcano and made sure that hard-rock artist Tool would stay. They would sell their share back to Zomba in the early 2000s.

1998 also marked the year that Volcano acquired the contracts and masters of Scotti Bros. Records which had just been purchased by Pearson PLC. Volcano also purchased Capricorn Records in December 2000.

In 2002, Zomba was purchased by BMG, returning Volcano to the BMG umbrella it had previously been a part of as Zoo Entertainment in the early nineties. Volcano now controls the Scotti Bros. Records, Capricorn Records (later) and Zoo Entertainment catalogs.

With Yankovic fulfilling his Sony contract on their main label RCA, with his 2014 album Mandatory Fun, Volcano functions primarily as a reissue label. Tool released its contract fulfillment album for Volcano, Fear Inoculum, on August 30, 2019, through Tool Dissectional/Volcano/RCA, completing their five-album requirement.

Releases
Volcano products were initially distributed by BMG. When Zomba purchased the label in 1998, distribution was handled through the Zomba network which, depending on the territory, may have been BMG, Virgin, Zomba itself or other smaller labels. When Zomba was purchased by BMG, BMG became the sole worldwide distributor again. Between 2004 and late 2008 distribution switched to Sony BMG in accordance with the merger of Sony and BMG. Since early 2009, Sony Music Entertainment distributes Volcano products worldwide.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Volcano Entertainment


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Multiple-criteria decision analysis

Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) or multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a sub-discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making (both in daily life and in settings such as business, government and medicine). It is also known as multiple attribute utility theory, multiple attribute value theory, multiple attribute preference theory, and multi-objective decision analysis.

Conflicting criteria are typical in evaluating options: cost or price is usually one of the main criteria, and some measure of quality is typically another criterion, easily in conflict with the cost. In purchasing a car, cost, comfort, safety, and fuel economy may be some of the main criteria we consider – it is unusual that the cheapest car is the most comfortable and the safest one. In portfolio management, managers are interested in getting high returns while simultaneously reducing risks; however, the stocks that have the potential of bringing high returns typically carry high risk of losing money. In a service industry, customer satisfaction and the cost of providing service are fundamental conflicting criteria.

In their daily lives, people usually weigh multiple criteria implicitly and may be comfortable with the consequences of such decisions that are made based on only intuition. On the other hand, when stakes are high, it is important to properly structure the problem and explicitly evaluate multiple criteria. In making the decision of whether to build a nuclear power plant or not, and where to build it, there are not only very complex issues involving multiple criteria, but there are also multiple parties who are deeply affected by the consequences.

Structuring complex problems well and considering multiple criteria explicitly leads to more informed and better decisions. There have been important advances in this field since the start of the modern multiple-criteria decision-making discipline in the early 1960s. A variety of approaches and methods, many implemented by specialized decision-making software, have been developed for their application in an array of disciplines, ranging from politics and business to the environment and energy.

Foundations, concepts, definitions
MCDM or MCDA are acronyms for multiple-criteria decision-making and multiple-criteria decision analysis. Stanley Zionts helped popularizing the acronym with his 1979 article "MCDM – If not a Roman Numeral, then What?", intended for an entrepreneurial audience.

MCDM is concerned with structuring and solving decision and planning problems involving multiple criteria. The purpose is to support decision-makers facing such problems. Typically, there does not exist a unique optimal solution for such problems and it is necessary to use decision-makers' preferences to differentiate between solutions.

"Solving" can be interpreted in different ways. It could correspond to choosing the "best" alternative from a set of available alternatives (where "best" can be interpreted as "the most preferred alternative" of a decision-maker). Another interpretation of "solving" could be choosing a small set of good alternatives, or grouping alternatives into different preference sets. An extreme interpretation could be to find all "efficient" or "nondominated" alternatives (which we will define shortly). The difficulty of the problem originates from the presence of more than one criterion. There is no longer a unique optimal solution to an MCDM problem that can be obtained without incorporating preference information. The concept of an optimal solution is often replaced by the set of nondominated solutions. A solution is called nondominated if it is not possible to improve it in any criterion without sacrificing it in another. Therefore, it makes sense for the decision-maker to choose a solution from the nondominated set. Otherwise, they could do better in terms of some or all of the criteria, and not do worse in any of them. Generally, however, the set of nondominated solutions is too large to be presented to the decision-maker for the final choice. Hence we need tools that help the decision-maker focus on the preferred solutions (or alternatives). Normally one has to "tradeoff" certain criteria for others.

MCDM has been an active area of research since the 1970s. There are several MCDM-related organizations including the International Society on Multi-criteria Decision Making, Euro Working Group on MCDA, and INFORMS Section on MCDM. For a history see: Köksalan, Wallenius and Zionts (2011). MCDM draws upon knowledge in many fields including:

 * Mathematics
 * Decision analysis
 * Economics
 * Computer technology
 * Software engineering
 * Information systems

A typology
There are different classifications of MCDM problems and methods. A major distinction between MCDM problems is based on whether the solutions are explicitly or implicitly defined.

 * Multiple-criteria evaluation problems: These problems consist of a finite number of alternatives, explicitly known in the beginning of the solution process. Each alternative is represented by its performance in multiple criteria.  The problem may be defined as finding the best alternative for a decision-maker (DM), or finding a set of good alternatives.  One may also be interested in "sorting" or "classifying" alternatives.  Sorting refers to placing alternatives in a set of preference-ordered classes (such as assigning credit-ratings to countries), and classifying refers to assigning alternatives to non-ordered sets (such as diagnosing patients based on their symptoms). Some of the MCDM methods in this category have been studied in a comparative manner in the book by Triantaphyllou on this subject, 2000.
 * Multiple-criteria design problems (multiple objective mathematical programming problems): In these problems, the alternatives are not explicitly known. An alternative (solution) can be found by solving a mathematical model.  The number of alternatives is either finite or infinite (countable or not countable), but typically exponentially large (in the number of variables ranging over finite domains.)

Whether it is an evaluation problem or a design problem, preference information of DMs is required in order to differentiate between solutions. The solution methods for MCDM problems are commonly classified based on the timing of preference information obtained from the DM.

There are methods that require the DM's preference information at the start of the process, transforming the problem into essentially a single criterion problem. These methods are said to operate by "prior articulation of preferences". Methods based on estimating a value function or using the concept of "outranking relations", analytical hierarchy process, and some rule-based decision methods try to solve multiple criteria evaluation problems utilizing prior articulation of preferences. Similarly, there are methods developed to solve multiple-criteria design problems using prior articulation of preferences by constructing a value function. Perhaps the most well-known of these methods is goal programming. Once the value function is constructed, the resulting single objective mathematical program is solved to obtain a preferred solution.

Some methods require preference information from the DM throughout the solution process. These are referred to as interactive methods or methods that require "progressive articulation of preferences". These methods have been well-developed for both the multiple criteria evaluation (see for example, Geoffrion, Dyer and Feinberg, 1972, and Köksalan and Sagala, 1995 ) and design problems (see Steuer, 1986 ).

Multiple-criteria design problems typically require the solution of a series of mathematical programming models in order to reveal implicitly defined solutions. For these problems, a representation or approximation of "efficient solutions" may also be of interest. This category is referred to as "posterior articulation of preferences", implying that the DM's involvement starts posterior to the explicit revelation of "interesting" solutions (see for example Karasakal and Köksalan, 2009 ).

When the mathematical programming models contain integer variables, the design problems become harder to solve. Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization (MOCO) constitutes a special category of such problems posing substantial computational difficulty (see Ehrgott and Gandibleux, 2002, for a review).

Representations and definitions
The MCDM problem can be represented in the criterion space or the decision space. Alternatively, if different criteria are combined by a weighted linear function, it is also possible to represent the problem in the weight space. Below are the demonstrations of the criterion and weight spaces as well as some formal definitions.

Criterion space representation
Let us assume that we evaluate solutions in a specific problem situation using several criteria. Let us further assume that more is better in each criterion. Then, among all possible solutions, we are ideally interested in those solutions that perform well in all considered criteria. However, it is unlikely to have a single solution that performs well in all considered criteria. Typically, some solutions perform well in some criteria and some perform well in others. Finding a way of trading off between criteria is one of the main endeavors in the MCDM literature.

Mathematically, the MCDM problem corresponding to the above arguments can be represented as

 * subject to

where $"max" q$ is the vector of k criterion functions (objective functions) and $q ∈ Q$ is the feasible set, $q$.

If $Q$ is defined explicitly (by a set of alternatives), the resulting problem is called a multiple-criteria evaluation problem.

If $Q ⊆ R^{k}$ is defined implicitly (by a set of constraints), the resulting problem is called a multiple-criteria design problem.

The quotation marks are used to indicate that the maximization of a vector is not a well-defined mathematical operation. This corresponds to the argument that we will have to find a way to resolve the trade-off between criteria (typically based on the preferences of a decision maker) when a solution that performs well in all criteria does not exist.

Decision space representation
The decision space corresponds to the set of possible decisions that are available to us. The criteria values will be consequences of the decisions we make. Hence, we can define a corresponding problem in the decision space. For example, in designing a product, we decide on the design parameters (decision variables) each of which affects the performance measures (criteria) with which we evaluate our product.

Mathematically, a multiple-criteria design problem can be represented in the decision space as follows:

\begin{align} \max q & = f(x) = f(x_1,\ldots,x_n) \\ \text{subject to} \\ q\in Q & = \{f(x) : x\in X,\, X\subseteq \mathbb R^n\} \end{align} $$

where $Q$ is the feasible set and $Q$ is the decision variable vector of size n.

A well-developed special case is obtained when $X$ is a polyhedron defined by linear inequalities and equalities. If all the objective functions are linear in terms of the decision variables, this variation leads to multiple objective linear programming (MOLP), an important subclass of MCDM problems.

There are several definitions that are central in MCDM. Two closely related definitions are those of nondominance (defined based on the criterion space representation) and efficiency (defined based on the decision variable representation).

Definition 1. $x$ is nondominated if there does not exist another $X$ such that $q* ∈ Q$ and $q ∈ Q$.

Roughly speaking, a solution is nondominated so long as it is not inferior to any other available solution in all the considered criteria.

Definition 2. $q ≥ q*$ is efficient if there does not exist another $q ≠ q*$ such that $x* ∈ X$ and $x ∈ X$.

If an MCDM problem represents a decision situation well, then the most preferred solution of a DM has to be an efficient solution in the decision space, and its image is a nondominated point in the criterion space. Following definitions are also important.

Definition 3. $f(x) ≥ f(x*)$ is weakly nondominated if there does not exist another $f(x) ≠ f(x*)$ such that $q* ∈ Q$.

Definition 4. $q ∈ Q$ is weakly efficient if there does not exist another $q > q*$ such that $x* ∈ X$.

Weakly nondominated points include all nondominated points and some special dominated points. The importance of these special dominated points comes from the fact that they commonly appear in practice and special care is necessary to distinguish them from nondominated points. If, for example, we maximize a single objective, we may end up with a weakly nondominated point that is dominated. The dominated points of the weakly nondominated set are located either on vertical or horizontal planes (hyperplanes) in the criterion space.

Ideal point: (in criterion space) represents the best (the maximum for maximization problems and the minimum for minimization problems) of each objective function and typically corresponds to an infeasible solution.

Nadir point: (in criterion space) represents the worst (the minimum for maximization problems and the maximum for minimization problems) of each objective function among the points in the nondominated set and is typically a dominated point.

The ideal point and the nadir point are useful to the DM to get the "feel" of the range of solutions (although it is not straightforward to find the nadir point for design problems having more than two criteria).

Illustrations of the decision and criterion spaces
The following two-variable MOLP problem in the decision variable space will help demonstrate some of the key concepts graphically.

\begin{align} \max f_1(\mathbf{x}) & = -x_1 + 2x_2 \\ \max f_2(\mathbf{x}) & = 2x_1 - x_2 \\ \text{subject to} \\ x_1 & \le 4 \\ x_2 & \le 4 \\ x_1+x_2 & \le 7 \\ -x_1+x_2 & \le 3 \\ x_1 - x_2 & \le 3 \\ x_1, x_2 & \ge 0 \end{align} $$ In Figure 1, the extreme points "e" and "b" maximize the first and second objectives, respectively. The red boundary between those two extreme points represents the efficient set. It can be seen from the figure that, for any feasible solution outside the efficient set, it is possible to improve both objectives by some points on the efficient set. Conversely, for any point on the efficient set, it is not possible to improve both objectives by moving to any other feasible solution. At these solutions, one has to sacrifice from one of the objectives in order to improve the other objective.

Due to its simplicity, the above problem can be represented in criterion space by replacing the $x ∈ X$ with the $f(x) > f(x*)$ as follows:

 * subject to

We present the criterion space graphically in Figure 2. It is easier to detect the nondominated points (corresponding to efficient solutions in the decision space) in the criterion space. The north-east region of the feasible space constitutes the set of nondominated points (for maximization problems).

Generating nondominated solutions
There are several ways to generate nondominated solutions. We will discuss two of these. The first approach can generate a special class of nondominated solutions whereas the second approach can generate any nondominated solution.

 * Weighted sums (Gass & Saaty, 1955 )

If we combine the multiple criteria into a single criterion by multiplying each criterion with a positive weight and summing up the weighted criteria, then the solution to the resulting single criterion problem is a special efficient solution. These special efficient solutions appear at corner points of the set of available solutions. Efficient solutions that are not at corner points have special characteristics and this method is not capable of finding such points. Mathematically, we can represent this situation as

 * subject to

By varying the weights, weighted sums can be used for generating efficient extreme point solutions for design problems, and supported (convex nondominated) points for evaluation problems.

 * Achievement scalarizing function (Wierzbicki, 1980 )

Achievement scalarizing functions also combine multiple criteria into a single criterion by weighting them in a very special way. They create rectangular contours going away from a reference point towards the available efficient solutions. This special structure empower achievement scalarizing functions to reach any efficient solution. This is a powerful property that makes these functions very useful for MCDM problems.

Mathematically, we can represent the corresponding problem as

 * subject to

The achievement scalarizing function can be used to project any point (feasible or infeasible) on the efficient frontier. Any point (supported or not) can be reached. The second term in the objective function is required to avoid generating inefficient solutions. Figure 3 demonstrates how a feasible point, $x 's$, and an infeasible point, $f 's$, are projected onto the nondominated points, $Max f_{1}$ and $Max f_{2}$, respectively, along the direction $f_{1} + 2f_{2} ≤ 12$ using an achievement scalarizing function. The dashed and solid contours correspond to the objective function contours with and without the second term of the objective function, respectively.

Solving MCDM problems
Different schools of thought have developed for solving MCDM problems (both of the design and evaluation type). For a bibliometric study showing their development over time, see Bragge, Korhonen, H. Wallenius and J. Wallenius [2010].

Multiple objective mathematical programming school

(1) Vector maximization: The purpose of vector maximization is to approximate the nondominated set; originally developed for Multiple Objective Linear Programming problems (Evans and Steuer, 1973; Yu and Zeleny, 1975 ).

(2) Interactive programming: Phases of computation alternate with phases of decision-making (Benayoun et al., 1971; Geoffrion, Dyer and Feinberg, 1972; Zionts and Wallenius, 1976; Korhonen and Wallenius, 1988 ). No explicit knowledge of the DM's value function is assumed.

Goal programming school

The purpose is to set apriori target values for goals, and to minimize weighted deviations from these goals. Both importance weights as well as lexicographic pre-emptive weights have been used (Charnes and Cooper, 1961 ).

Fuzzy-set theorists

Fuzzy sets were introduced by Zadeh (1965) as an extension of the classical notion of sets. This idea is used in many MCDM algorithms to model and solve fuzzy problems.

Ordinal data based methods

Ordinal data has a wide application in real-world situations. In this regard, some MCDM methods were designed to handle ordinal data as input data. For example, Ordinal Priority Approach and Qualiflex method.

Multi-attribute utility theorists

Multi-attribute utility or value functions are elicited and used to identify the most preferred alternative or to rank order the alternatives. Elaborate interview techniques, which exist for eliciting linear additive utility functions and multiplicative nonlinear utility functions, may be used (Keeney and Raiffa, 1976 ). Another approach is to elicit value functions indirectly by asking the decision-maker a series of pairwise ranking questions involving choosing between hypothetical alternatives (PAPRIKA method; Hansen and Ombler, 2008 ).

French school

The French school focuses on decision aiding, in particular the ELECTRE family of outranking methods that originated in France during the mid-1960s. The method was first proposed by Bernard Roy (Roy, 1968 ).

Evolutionary multiobjective optimization school (EMO)

EMO algorithms start with an initial population, and update it by using processes designed to mimic natural survival-of-the-fittest principles and genetic variation operators to improve the average population from one generation to the next. The goal is to converge to a population of solutions which represent the nondominated set (Schaffer, 1984; Srinivas and Deb, 1994 ). More recently, there are efforts to incorporate preference information into the solution process of EMO algorithms (see Deb and Köksalan, 2010 ).

Grey system theory based methods

In the 1980s, Deng Julong proposed Grey System Theory (GST) and its first multiple-attribute decision-making model, called Deng's Grey relational analysis (GRA) model. Later, the grey systems scholars proposed many GST based methods like Liu Sifeng's Absolute GRA model, Grey Target Decision Making (GTDM) and Grey Absolute Decision Analysis (GADA).

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

The AHP first decomposes the decision problem into a hierarchy of subproblems. Then the decision-maker evaluates the relative importance of its various elements by pairwise comparisons. The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical values (weights or priorities), which are used to calculate a score for each alternative (Saaty, 1980 ). A consistency index measures the extent to which the decision-maker has been consistent in her responses. AHP is one of the more controversial techniques listed here, with some researchers in the MCDA community believing it to be flawed.

Several papers reviewed the application of MCDM techniques in various disciplines such as fuzzy MCDM, classic MCDM, sustainable and renewable energy, VIKOR technique, transportation systems, service quality, TOPSIS method, energy management problems, e-learning, tourism and hospitality, SWARA and WASPAS methods.

MCDM methods
The following MCDM methods are available, many of which are implemented by specialized decision-making software:

 * Aggregated Indices Randomization Method (AIRM)
 * Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
 * Analytic network process (ANP)
 * Balance Beam process
 * Best worst method (BWM)
 * Brown–Gibson model
 * Characteristic Objects METhod (COMET)
 * Choosing By Advantages (CBA)
 * Conjoint Value Hierarchy (CVA)
 * Data envelopment analysis
 * Decision EXpert (DEX)
 * Disaggregation – Aggregation Approaches (UTA*, UTAII, UTADIS)
 * Rough set (Rough set approach)
 * Dominance-based rough set approach (DRSA)
 * ELECTRE (Outranking)
 * Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS)
 * Evidential reasoning approach (ER)
 * Goal programming (GP)
 * Grey relational analysis (GRA)
 * Inner product of vectors (IPV)
 * Measuring Attractiveness by a categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH)
 * Multi-Attribute Global Inference of Quality (MAGIQ)
 * Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT)
 * Multi-attribute value theory (MAVT)
 * Markovian Multi Criteria Decision Making
 * New Approach to Appraisal (NATA)
 * Nonstructural Fuzzy Decision Support System (NSFDSS)
 * Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA)
 * Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA)
 * PROMETHEE (Outranking)
 * Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART)
 * Stratified Multi Criteria Decision Making (SMCDM)
 * Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (SMAA)
 * Superiority and inferiority ranking method (SIR method)
 * System Redesigning to Creating Shared Value (SYRCS)
 * Technique for the Order of Prioritisation by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
 * Value analysis (VA)
 * Value engineering (VE)
 * VIKOR method
 * Weighted product model (WPM)
 * Weighted sum model (WSM)

title: Multiple-criteria decision analysis


text:
Augathella

Augathella is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Murweh, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Augathella had a population of 328 people.

Geography
Augathella lies on the Matilda Highway, is 85 km north of the town of Charleville, 271 km west of Roma and 748 km west of Brisbane (Queensland's capital). The town lies on the banks of the Warrego River.

Grazing is still the predominant industry of the area.

Aboriginal people
Bidjara (also known as Bidyara, Pitjara, and Peechara) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Bidjara people. The Bidjara language region includes the local government areas of the Shire of Murweh, particularly the towns of Charleville, Augathella and Blackall as well as the properties of Nive Downs and Mount Tabor.

Gungabula (also known as Kongabula and Khungabula) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the headwaters of the Dawson River in Central Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of Maranoa Region, particularly the towns of Charleville, Augathella and Blackall and as well as the Carnarvon Range.

Gunya (Kunya, Kunja, Kurnja) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Gunya people. The Gunya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Paroo Shire Council, taking in Cunnamulla and extending north towards Augathella, east towards Bollon and west towards Thargomindah.

British colonisation
The first British explorer to enter the region was Edmund Kennedy, whose 1847 expedition encountered an Aboriginal community who communicated the words "Yo, Yo" to express affirmation. Kennedy subsequently called the creek where he found this community Yo Yo Creek.

Pastoralists started to take land in the region in early 1862 with the arrival of James Norman, who took up vast leaseholds on behalf of Joseph Fleming and Adeline Dollman. Norman established the Burenda, Yo Yo and Augathella properties.

Aboriginal resistance to colonisation in the region was notable in that several victories were achieved against the paramilitary units of the Native Police on the upper Warrego and Ward rivers. However, in 1864 a Native Police barracks was built on Yo Yo Creek, and punitive expeditions under officers such as Sub-Lieutenant Carr crushed any further resistance.

Augathella township
The town, built up gradually over what was Kunja tribal territory, came into being initially as a resting place for bullock teams lying at the convergence of three bullock tracks from Morven, Tambo, and Charleville. Originally called Burenda it was renamed Ellangowan (still the name of the local watering hole) and when gazetted in 1883 called Augathella. This is apparently an Indigenous Australian word meaning "camp on a waterhole", referring the Warrego River. A service centre sprang up to service their needs and the needs of the burgeoning grazing industry.

Burenda Post Office opened on 1 September 1869. It was renamed Ellangowan in 1877 and Augathella in 1883.

Augathella Provisional School opened on 1 January 1884. On 7 August 1893 it became Augathella State School.

On Sunday 10 July 1892 St Luke's Anglican church was officially opened by Bishop Nathaniel Dawes. A new church was built at a cost of £8300 and dedicated in 1957.

On 1 October 1928 Rev W.C. Radcliffe officially opened the Augathella Presbyterian Church.

The 1956 film Smiley was based on Moore Raymond's novel of the same name, which was set in a fictionalised version of Augathella.

The town's service centre was bypassed by the new Matilda Highway during the 1980s. Some new businesses have slowly encroached back onto the highway frontage.

Augathella and the surrounding district suffered extensive flood damage in April 1990 when the Warrego River burst its banks and flooded the town with more than 50 houses inundated.

The Augathella Library opened in 2000.

Since 2011 the main street of the town has been marked by 4.5m steel and copper giant sculpture of a meat ant - in a reference to its former junior football team, named the "Mighty Meat Ants".

Demographics
In the, the town of Augathella had a population of 395 people.

In the, the locality of Augathella had a population of 449 people.

In the, the locality of Augathella had a population of 328 people.

Heritage listings
There are a number of heritage-listed sites in Augathella, including:

Within the town:

 * Annie Street: Catholic Church
 * Annie Street: Catholic School
 * Cavanagh Street: Hospital
 * Cavanagh Street: Queensland Country Women's Association
 * Elmes Street: Rodeo Grounds
 * Forest Street: Augathella Water Tower
 * Jane Street (corner of Cavanagh Street): Kenniff Tree
 * Main Street: Arts and Craft Centre (former Helton's Building)
 * Main Street: Butcher shop
 * Main Street: Police station
 * Main Street: Post office
 * Main Street: Town hall
 * Main Street: War Memorial Hill
 * Main & Annie Streets: Ellangowan Hotel
 * 61 Main Street: St Luke's Anglican Church
 * Nelson Street: Old Water Tower
 * off Russell Street: Cemetery
 * off West Street: Augathella Race Course

Within the locality:

 * Carnarvon Station: Fig Tree Spring Stockyards
 * Dooloogarah Carnarvon National Park Road: Ralph's Bore & Upper Warrego Police Barracks site
 * Mount Tabor: Dingo Fence Section

Education
Augathella State School is a government primary (Early Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Cavanagh Street (-25.7971°N, 146.5833°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 44 students with 4 teachers and 4 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent). Augathella State School is part of Education Queensland's Charleville Cluster and is supported by the Darling Downs South West regional team which is based in Toowoomba.

There is no secondary school in Augathella. School Bus Route S279 conveys students from Year 7 to Year 12 into Charleville to attend Charleville State High School.

Amenities
The Murweh Shire Council operates the Augathella Library on Main Street, Augathella.

The Augathella branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 101 Cavanagh Street.

St Luke's Anglican Church is at 61 Main Street (-25.7948°N, 146.58548°W) and holds services on the 2nd Sunday of each month.

There is a growing arts centre in the town, public swimming pool, a bowls club, and polocrosse teams.

Events
There is an annual rodeo.

There is also a Christmas Celebration in Meat Ant Park every December

Media
Augathella is serviced by:

 * Radio 4VL (Resonate Radio) – 106.1 FM

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation transmits ABC Television and its sister channels ABC Kids/ABC TV Plus, ABC Me and ABC News to Augathella through its relay station, ABAAQ at 25°48′23″S 146°35′21″E (old Charleville–Augathella Road)

The Seven Network and its sister stations 7two and 7mate transmit to Augathella through its regional area affiliate, ITQ

The Nine Network and its sister channels 9Gem and 9Go! transmit to Augathella through its regional area affiliate, Imparja Television

Network Ten and its sister channels 10 Bold and 10 Peach transmit to Augathella through its regional area affiliate, CDT

The Special Broadcasting Service and its sister channels SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies and SBS Food also transmit to Augathella

Attractions
Augathella is the permanent home of the Q150 Shed that travelled around the state in 2009 as part of the Q150 Celebrations providing each community it visited a night of entertainment. Communities toured included: Mount Isa, Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton, Maryborough, Blackall, Augathella, Cherbourg, Warwick, Brisbane and the Gold Coast.

Transport
Augathella is situated on the junction of the Landsborough Highway from Morven and the Mitchell Highway from Charleville. Augathella is served by Greyhound Australia who operates Gx493 between Brisbane and Mount Isa and its return service, Gx494 which stops at the BP Roadhouse on the Highway

Augathella Aerodrome has a sealed runway, 1000 x 25 m. It is operated by Murweh Shire Council.

In popular culture
Augathella is the destination of cattle drovers in the Australian folk song Brisbane Ladies. This song is alternately called "Augathella Station".

title: Augathella


text:
RAF Long Kesh

Royal Air Force Long Kesh, or more simply RAF Long Kesh, is a former Royal Air Force station at Maze, Lisburn, Northern Ireland.

Various aircraft operated from the airfield during the Second World War, including the Supermarine Seafire and Spitfire.

History
In 1940–1941, during Second World War, RAF Long Kesh was a primary attack target in "Operation Green", a planned second front to accompany "Operation Sea Lion" for the conquest of the British Isles by Nazi Germany. RAF Long Kesh was to be attacked and wrecked by German airborne forces, whilst Aldergrove, Nutts Corner and Langford Lodge were to be captured.

Hangars were constructed at the airfield by the Ministry of Aircraft Production for the use of Short Brothers to assemble the Short Stirling bomber. Some Stirlings were also built at the site, before their assembly line moved to RAF Maghaberry, the aircraft production facilities at RAF Long Kesh then concentrated on aircraft wing manufacturing. One of the RAF Long Kesh hangars was later used by Miles Aircraft for final assembly and test flying work of the Miles Messenger, which was made at its factory in a linen mill at Banbridge. The hangars are now the home of the Ulster Aviation Society and their collection of military, civil and general aviation aircraft.

Units
• No. 74 Squadron RAF (1942) – Supermarine Spitfire I.

• No. 88 Squadron RAF Detachment (1941-1942) – Douglas Boston III.

• No. 226 Squadron RAF Detachment (1941) – Bristol Blenheim IV.

• No. 231 Squadron RAF (1941-1942) – Curtiss Tomahawk I & IIB.

• No. 290 Squadron RAF (1943-1944) – Miles Martinet.

• No. 422 Squadron RCAF (1942) – Consolidated Catalina IB.

• 800 Naval Air Squadron

• 807 Naval Air Squadron

• 809 Naval Air Squadron

• 838 Naval Air Squadron

• 879 Naval Air Squadron

• 881 Naval Air Squadron

• 882 Naval Air Squadron

• 899 Naval Air Squadron
 * Units
 * No. 5 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF (December 1942 – April 1944)
 * No. 31 Wing RAF (June – December 1941)
 * No. 96 Wireless (Observer) Wing RAF (April – May 1942) became No. 96 (Wireless) Wing RAF (May 1942 – ?)
 * No. 103 Personnel Dispersal Centre
 * No. 201 Gliding School RAF (May 1946 – 1947)
 * No. 203 Gliding School RAF (July – September 1955) became No. 671 Volunteer Gliding School RAF (September 1955 – January 1956)
 * No. 1494 (Target Towing) Flight RAF (December 1941 – April 1942)
 * No. 2774 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * RAF Northern Ireland Communication Flight RAF (September – December 1945)

Long Kesh Detention Centre
From August 1971, during The Troubles, the then disused airfield and facilities of RAF Long Kesh became the Long Kesh Detention Centre, where Irish paramilitary suspects were detained by the British government without trial (under the Special Powers Act of 1922) during the Operation Demetrius phase of Operation Banner. In May 1974 Long Kesh housed 747 internees. On 15 October 1974 internees burned 21 of the compounds used to house the internees thereby destroying much of the camp. From 1976 the makeshift structures housing the detainees were replaced by newly constructed "H-Blocks", and the facility was re-designated HM Prison Maze.

title: RAF Long Kesh


text:
Talk:Castor, Alberta

Flag
I have removed the flag, File:Flag of Castor.png, from the infobox, because I believe it to be erroneous. The grant of arms to the Town of Castor by the Canadian Heraldic Authority, dated 15 August 2011, also grants to Castor a flag of the arms: Per pale wavy Azure and Or two beavers sejant respectant countercharged. I cannot find any primary sources indicating that File:Flag of Castor.png is genuinely the flag of Castor, and Flags of the World, from where the flag is sourced, provides no indication of the purported flag's history or use, filling the so-called description of the flag with general information about Castor itself.

I feel that unless there can be found reliable references to File:Flag of Castor.png's use, it should not be included in the article. Mnmazur (talk)
 * With the image being uploaded in 2008, it is totally possible that was the flag then. The beaver is certainly a symbol for the village, as seen here and here. 117Avenue (talk) 03:58, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203151/http://www.castor.ca/town/government.htm to http://www.castor.ca/town/government.htm
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title: Talk:Castor, Alberta


text:
Wind-up

Wind-up or windup may refer to:
 * Windup, a pitching position in baseball
 * "Wind Up", a 1971 song from Aqualung (Jethro Tull album)
 * "Wind Up", a 1997 song by Foo Fighters from The Colour and the Shape
 * "Wind Up", a 2001 song by Thursday from Full Collapse
 * Windup radio, a clockwork radio powered by human muscle action
 * Wind-up Records, a New York music label
 * Wind-up toy, a toy powered by a wound clockwork motor
 * Winding-up, liquidation of a company
 * Integral windup, an error condition in a proportional–integral–derivative controller
 * Pain wind-up, an increase in pain intensity caused by repeated stimulation
 * "She's a Windup", a 1977 song by Dr. Feelgood
 * The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, a 1994 Japanese novel by Haruki Murakami

title: Wind-up


text: User talk:200.69.231.181

title: User talk:200.69.231.181


text:
Verity Records

Verity Records is an American gospel music-focused record label, founded in 1994. The Gospel group operated by Provident Label Group, which in turn is owned by Sony Music Entertainment.

Artists

 * 21:03
 * Crystal Aikin
 * Deitrick Haddon
 * DeWayne Woods
 * Donald Lawrence
 * Donnie McClurkin
 * Fred Hammond
 * Kirk Franklin
 * Jason Nelson
 * John P. Kee
 * Hezekiah Walker
 * Marvin Sapp
 * Kurt Carr
 * Richard Smallwood
 * William Murphy
 * Byron Cage
 * Deon Kipping
 * Maurette Brown Clark
 * Shea Norman
 * Yolanda Adams
 * Israel Houghton

title: Verity Records


text:
User talk:Kvenner

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --John Kerry + John Edwards 2004 20:55, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Kvenner


text: Category:Argentine poets

title: Category:Argentine poets


text:
Dogfish

Dogfish may refer to:

Biology

 * Dogfish sharks (Squalidae), a family of sharks
 * Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), best known species of dogfish sharks
 * Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi), the most abundant species of dogfish sharks
 * Catshark (Scyliorhinidae), a family of ground sharks including species called dogfish
 * Chain dogfish (Scyluoirrhinus reteiter), a biofluorescent species common to the West Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
 * Greater spotted dogfish (Greliorhinus starlaris), a species found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean
 * Small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), the most common dogfish in the northeastern Atlantic
 * Sleeper sharks (Somniosidae), a family of slow-swimming sharks
 * Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis), a species of sleeper sharks in the family Somniosidae
 * Roughskin dogfish (Centroscymnus owstonii), a species of sleeper sharks in the family Somniosidae
 * Bowfin (Amia calva), a freshwater fish sometimes known as "dogfish"

Other uses

 * Dogfish Bay, an inlet in western Washington, US
 * Dogfish Pictures, an American film production company
 * USS Dogfish (SS-350), a U.S. Navy submarine
 * Iowa Dogfish, a U.S. Senior-A box lacrosse team

title: Dogfish


text: Category:Art thieves

title: Category:Art thieves


text:
Valiant Records

Valiant Records was an independent record label distributed in the 1960s by Warner Bros. Records (and briefly by Four Star Television). The label was sold to Warner Bros. in 1967.

History
Valiant Records was formed in 1960 in California, by singer−songwriter Barry De Vorzon and manager Billy Sherman.

Valiant charted with its first release, "Angel On My Shoulder" recorded by Shelby Flint. De Vorzon's own group, Barry and the Tamerlanes, hit in 1963 with "I Wonder What She's Doin' Tonight." Flint scored again in 1966 with a soft vocal version of "Cast Your Fate To The Wind."

In 1966 De Vorzon rescued folk-rockers The Association from their obscurity at Jubilee Records. They debuted on Valiant (which had just ended a brief distribution stint with Four Star Television, the distributor of such shows as Burke's Law and Honey West) with a non-charting version of "One Too Many Mornings." The next single records — "Along Comes Mary," "Cherish," "Pandora's Golden Heebie Jeebies," and "No Fair At All" — helped establish The Association as one of the premier Sunshine Pop groups of the '60s.

Demise
In 1967, after a little over 110 singles and 11 albums (seven under Warner Bros. and four under Four Star/independent distribution), the Valiant Records label itself ceased to exist and was folded into Warner Bros. Records. Its output remains desirable to collectors, with the early years featuring a string of obscure but worthwhile white pop titles, and the later years an intriguing mix of slick Southern California psych and pop.

Singles

 * 1960-1966 (Warner Bros. distribution) — Purple labels with silver print
 * 1966 (Four Star Television distribution) — Red label with black shield logo and "A SUBSIDIARY OF FOUR STAR TELEVISION" at the bottom perimeter of the label in either small or large letters
 * 1966-1967 (Independent distribution) -- Same as above but with either the Four Star byline covered by a black bar or removed altogether

Albums

 * 1960-1966 (Warner Bros. distribution) -- Purple or red labels with silver print
 * 1966 (Four Star distribution—VLM 5001/VLS 25001 only) -- Red label with black shield and white knight head logos and "A SUBSIDIARY OF FOUR STAR TELEVISION" in small letters at the bottom perimeter of the label
 * 1966-1967 (Independent distribution) -- Same as above but with either the Four Star byline covered by a black bar or removed altogether

Numbering series
On a collectors note, Valiant singles sported three separate numbering series. The very first Valiant release bore the catalog number 45-111. But that record, "Angel On My Shoulder" by Shelby Flint became too big a hit for the new label to handle so Warner Bros. Records picked it up with a new catalog number, 6001. For Warner distributed singles, the 6000 series (6001–6062) ran from 1960 to 1966, followed by the 700 series (700-739 under Four Star Television, 740-762 as an independent label) from 1966–1967. Some numbers from 6002 to 6013 were shared with Montclare Records, a very short-lived Warner subsidiary, as well as several one-shot labels such as Elloma and Burbank. The first five numbers of the Four Star series (701-705) were reissues of the most popular singles of the 6000 series. Six catalog numbers from the second series were unused: 706, 707, 708, 710, 722, and 746.

Albums were also given different numbering sets. The seven albums distributed by Warner Bros. were numbered from W/WS 401–407, the four albums under Four Star/independent were issued VLM 5001–5004 for mono, VLS 25001–25004 for stereo. Warner Bros. reissued the Four Star/independent albums using numbers W (mono)/WS (stereo) 1701–1704 in alignment with the original issues.

Valiant Records artists

 * The Association
 * The Addrisi Brothers
 * Barry & the Tamerlanes
 * Perry Botkin, Jr.
 * Charles Boyer
 * J.J. Cale
 * The Cascades
 * The Collectors
 * Danny & The Memories
 * Shelby Flint
 * The Grads
 * Art Guy
 * The Hollyhill Singers
 * Dean Jones
 * The Lost Ones
 * Denny Provisor (Dennis Provisor of The Grass Roots)
 * The Silvertones
 * Singers, Inc.
 * Corey Wells & The Enemys

Unrelated labels also called Valiant
In 1960, record label owner Joe Banashak started a New Orleans-based Valiant label, but threats of a lawsuit by Warner Bros. prompted Banashak to rename the label Instant Records in 1961.

Valiant Records was also the name of an unrelated label headquartered variously in Swarthmore, PA and Bronx, NY, that re-released some albums originally issued on the Somerset Records label, largely for inexpensive supermarket and variety store distribution.

title: Valiant Records


text:
Uptown Records

Uptown Records is an American record label, based in New York City, founded in 1986 by onetime rapper Andre Harrell. From the late 1980s into the early 1990s, it was a leader in R&B and hip hop.

Beginnings and success
In 1986, Andre Harrell, one half of short-lived rap duo Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, founded Uptown Records. Its compilation album, Uptown Is Kickin' It (1986) included the label's signees Heavy D & The Boyz and was distributed by MCA Records. The acts who recorded on the album were collectively known as The Uptown Crew. The Heavy D & The Boyz' debut album, Living Large (1987) was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and found moderate mainstream success. Another artist that put Uptown on the map was Al B. Sure!, with his debut album In Effect Mode (1988) seeing commercial success and distributed by Warner Records. 1988 also saw two further successful releases from the label: the Gyrlz' debut album, Love Me or Leave Me, distributed by Capitol Records, and the eponymous album of Guy, a group whose lead member, Teddy Riley would lead the sound "new jack swing". The Guy album reached No. 1 on the R&B chart. Guy's second album, The Future, was met with further success in 1990. Heavy D & The Boyz' second album, 1989's Big Tyme, preceded their third album, Peaceful Journey, honoring the group's member Trouble T Roy, who died as a result of an accidental fall while on tour.

By 1990, 20-year-old Sean "Puffy" Combs began an internship at Uptown. Combs worked with newly signed acts Jodeci, Father MC, and Mary J. Blige, who altogether placed a number of singles on the R&B chart. Marking a fusion of hip hop and R&B was Mary J. Blige's debut album What's the 411?, released in July 1992, whereby she was dubbed the Queen of Hip Hop Soul. Led by her single "You Remind Me", it was certified three times platinum, honoring three million copies sold.

In 1991, Harrell was executive producer of the comedy film Strictly Business, starring Tommy Davidson and Halle Berry, as well as its soundtrack. The following year, Harrell and MCA reached a multimedia deal that eventuated in development of FOX's hit television series New York Undercover—a police drama originally named Uptown Undercover—which aired from 1994 to 1998. The record label itself was renamed Uptown Enterprises. By 1993, it was the leading urban label.

In February 1993, the MTV Unplugged live, acoustic series featured Jodeci, Father MC, Mary J. Blige, Christopher Williams, and Heavy D, resulting in release of Uptown Unplugged as both album and home video. A resulting single, Jodeci's live cover of Stevie Wonder's "Lately" peaked at #1 on the R&B chart and #4 on the pop singles chart, the Billboard Hot 100. Later in 1993, Uptown released the soundtrack to the hip-hop film Who's the Man?. Closing 1993, Uptown released Jodeci's second album, Diary of a Mad Band.

Decline
In July 1993, amid issues with Harrell, Uptown fired Combs. Within two weeks, he launched his own label, Bad Boy, while taking with him The Notorious B.I.G. Uptown promptly suffered, yet Combs still executive produced Mary J. Blige's second album, My Life, released December 1994, soon certified 3x Multi-Platinum in the U.S.

Increasingly dissatisfied, Mary J. Blige and Jodeci both signed to West Coast Management, the firm of Suge Knight, CEO of Death Row, based in Los Angeles. Thus, they gained double the royalty rates, more creative control, and sizable back payments. Meanwhile, the final Heavy D & The Boyz album, Nuttin' But Love, was released in 1994, and soon certified Platinum in the U.S.

In 1995, Uptown's new R&B group Soul for Real's debut album Candy Rain was released, as was Jodeci's third and final studio album for Uptown Records, The Show, the After Party, the Hotel. Later in 1995, Harrell left Uptown to become CEO of Motown Records, while Heavy D, executive vice president of Uptown, became Uptown's president and CEO. Prominent acts like Mary J. Blige and Jodeci signed directly to Uptown's distribution label, MCA.

By 1996, MCA along with Universal Studios, the filmmaking house, was bought by the owners of Seagram's, and became Universal Music Group. In 1997, Heavy D resigned as CEO of Uptown, absorbed into Universal Music during 1999. In December 2019, television network BET announced production of a miniseries on the history of Uptown Records.

Present day
As of 1999, the label was thought to be defunct. However in 2022, Ciara announced that she had signed a deal with Uptown Records via Republic Records, which would see the label assist in distributing her eighth studio album.

Current artists

 * Ciara (distribution/partnership deal with Republic)
 * Coi Leray (Uptown/Republic)
 * Flo (Island UK/Uptown/Republic)
 * frex (Uptown/Republic)
 * Joe West (Akademy/Uptown/Republic)
 * Pop Money (NCredible/Uptown/Republic)
 * Rucci LSE (Universal Music Operations/Uptown/Republic)

Former artists
• Al B. Sure! (Uptown/Warner Bros.)

• Anthony Hamilton

• Christopher Williams

• Crystal Johnson

• Dig

• Father MC

• Flaw

• Groove B. Chill (Uptown/A&M Records)

• Guy

• Heavy D & The Boyz

• Horace Brown

• Jeff Redd

• Jodeci

• Little Shawn

• Mary J. Blige

• McGruff

• Monifah

• Fat Doug

• The Notorious B.I.G. (deceased)

• Puff Daddy (A&R and intern)

• Soul for Real

• Lost Boyz

• The Gyrlz (Uptown/Capitol)

title: Uptown Records


text:
Konnan

Charles Rudy Ashenoff (born Carlos Santiago Espada Moises; January 6, 1964), better known by his ring name Konnan, is a Cuban-born American professional wrestling personality, manager, and former professional wrestler. He is currently signed to Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). In Impact, he was the manager of The Latin American Xchange (LAX) and currently serves as a member of the creative team. During a career spanning almost three decades, he has wrestled for independent and national promotions in the United States and Mexico, and held fifteen title belts in nine promotions. He was also involved in the creation of Lucha Underground, where he was supposed to serve as a writer and producer, but ended up in an on-camera role as manager to Prince Puma throughout the first season. Outside of wrestling, Konnan is an occasional rapper.

He is best known to United States audiences for his run in World Championship Wrestling as part of the nWo stable and as part of The Filthy Animals. He also formed the 3 Live Kru for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the early 2000s and later the Latin American Xchange (LAX) stable there. In Mexico, Konnan was the first-ever CMLL World Heavyweight Champion, and the leader of the Foreign Legion in AAA when they were the top stable.

Early life
Konnan was born Carlos Santiago Espada Moises in Santiago, Cuba, of Puerto Rican and Cuban descent. In 1966, he and his mother arrived in Boston. Soon after landing in Boston, she met a young half-Jewish, half-Puerto Rican private investigator from New York named Richard Ashenoff. They soon married, and raised Carlos together. By 1967, the family relocated to Carol City in South Florida. When Richard formally adopted Carlos, he listed Carlos' legal name as Charles Ashenoff.

By 1976, under the influence of older friends and neighbors, Ashenoff had gotten into stealing cars. He learned how to drive at 12, learned to box, and was an "avid weightlifter". Ashenoff was expelled from several schools before landing at Miami Southwest High. In 1982, he graduated a year early from Southwest Miami Senior High School, and was arrested and charged as a juvenile with credit card theft and motorcycle theft. Shortly after his 18th birthday, Ashenoff was caught selling drugs and charged as an adult. He was given a choice of going to jail or entering the military. He chose the latter, joining the United States Navy.

After basic training, Ashenoff was relocated to San Diego, and assigned to a destroyer tender in the Pacific Fleet – the USS Cape Cod (AD-43). He won the California state (amateur) Middleweight Boxing Championship in 1983. He set a goal to qualify for the Junior Olympics in boxing, but injured his shoulder in training and was deployed to the Middle East subsequent to the U.S. Embassy bombing in Beirut on April 18, 1983. His ship was in the Strait of Hormuz when the US Marine barracks (along with the French paratrooper barracks) in Beirut were bombed on October 24, 1983. By 1984, the Cape Cod was rotated out of the Persian Gulf. Ashenoff returned to San Diego, and received an honorable discharge.

Early career (1988–1996)
In San Diego, Konnan met John Roberts. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter then details Ashenoff's first foray in to professional wrestling:

"Carlos traveled to Tijuana on Wednesday, January 6, 1988, (his 24th birthday), where he was led to the dressing area and introduced to Manuel de los Santos, the promoter of the show, and who also wrestled in the main event as 'Kiss'. De los Santos took one look at the 215-pound bodybuilder and did the classic double-take –– what the hell is this guy doing here, and, how quickly can I get this guy in the ring. Konnan introduced himself and explained how he was brought here by his manager/agent, John Roberts. Roberts had already bragged to de los Santos that Carlos had been a wrestler in Florida. Suddenly, a big roar (laughter) went up from another wrestler, Miguel Lopez, who wrestled as Rey Misterio. Lopez/Misterio explained to Carlos that Roberts was just a nutty fan, always in the front row, but that he did nothing involved with managing or agent-ing or anything else in the business. Still, the wrestlers asked Carlos, want to give it a try?"

Billed as El Centurión ("The Centurion"), Ashenoff debuted for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) on January 6, 1988.

In the early part of his career, he wrestled for many different promotions. After making his debut for UWA, Konnan wrestled for the UWA Heavyweight title against El Canek at UWA 14 on January 29, 1989, and wrestled six- and eight-man tag matches intermittently for the promotion until 1994, with the likes of Dos Caras, Mascara Sagrada, and others. All of his matches for UWA after 1991 were cross-promotions with EMLL and AAA.

Konnan wrestled in a six-man, two out of three falls, tag team match as Konnan El Barbaro ("Konnan the Barbarian") with Lizmark and Yoshihiro Asai against As Charro, Indio Yori & Negro Casas on February 3, 1989, for World Wrestling Association. Konnan joined Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre (EMLL) later that year. He used Konnan El Barbaro with EMLL as well.

Konnan's first stint with World Championship Wrestling lasted only a few weeks. His debut was at Starrcade on December 16, 1990. Teaming with his trainer and mentor, Rey Misterio, Konnan entered the Pat O'Connor Memorial International Cup Tag Team Tournament held at the event. They defeated Norman Smiley and Chris Adams in the quarter-finals, but lost to eventual winners, the Steiner Brothers (Rick and Scott) in the semi-finals. He then won a televised match on WCW Power Hour against Chuck Coates on January 19, 1991. Konnan would not return to the promotion until 1996.

While still part of WCW, Konnan was contacted by talent scout Pat Patterson on New Year's Eve 1990, which led to a meeting with Vince McMahon, where the initial idea for what became Max Moon was discussed. According to Konnan, "When I was wrestling in Japan, I saw this Japanese anime cartoon robot on TV that shot confetti and fire. [Vince] asked if I knew anybody that could design it." Konnan was given an outfit (purchased by the WWF at the cost of $15,000) bedecked with circuitry and a pyrotechnic gun that shot sparkles into the crowd. Konnan recollected later that the costs associated with the costume led to problems between himself and the promotion right from the start.

Days later he received a tryout on January 7, 1991, at a WWF Superstars taping in Amarillo, Texas defeating Ultraman. He returned again on March 26 in Las Vegas, Nevada, defeating Louie Spicolli in a WWF Superstars dark match. He would defeat Spicolli again one night later at a Wrestling Challenge taping in Reno. Konnan returned again on January 7, 1992, at a WWF Superstars taping in Daytona Beach, FL. wrestling this time as The Latin Fury, he defeated The Heartbreaker. The next day he defeated The Juicer in a dark match at a Wrestling Challenge taping in Fort Myers, Florida. Konnan would wrestle twice more as The Latin Fury, the final time at a house show in Hyannis, Massachusetts on July 19, 1992, when he defeated Pete Doherty.

The next day, when he appeared at a WWF Superstars taping in Worcester, Massachusetts against The Mercenary, he was renamed El Relámpago. He wrestled again as El Relámpago the following night against Luis Mendieta.

A little over a month later he received the gimmick that he would become known for, Max Moon (although he was originally called The Comet Kid for a handful of appearances). The Moon character, created by Konnan, was that of a cyborg from "The Future" or "Outer Space".

Back in EMLL, Konnan lost his mask to Perro Aguayo in a Lucha de Apuesta mask versus hair match. on June 9, 1991, by disqualification. After the match, a young boy—introduced as Konnan's brother—entered the ring crying and handed Konnan his mask back, generating considerable bonhomie towards Konnan from the sympathetic crowd.

In 1991, EMLL changed its name officially to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Konnan then became the first-ever CMLL World Heavyweight Champion later that year by winning a tournament consisting of four matches at four events: an eight-man elimination match for the first round on May 24, 1991; a four-man battle royal quarterfinal on May 31; a two-out-of-three falls semifinal match on June 7; and finally, a two-out-of-three falls match against Cien Caras at EMLL Super Viernes in Mexico City on June 9, 1991.

In 1992, Konnan, along with several other EMLL wrestlers, joined Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). Shortening his ring name to simply "Konnan", he feuded with Cien Caras.

Back in AAA, following interference from Jake Roberts, Konnan lost a two out of three falls retirement match by count-out to Caras at Triplemanía I on April 30, 1993, in front of 48,000 fans in Mexico City, setting the all-time attendance record for a Mexican wrestling event. Konnan did not comply with the stipulations of the match and returned to defeat Roberts in a hair versus hair match at Triplemanía II on May 27, 1994, in Tijuana.

Later in 1994, Konnan began a storyline where he betrayed his tag team partner, Perro Aguayo, and formed a heel alliance known as Los Gringos Locos with Eddie Guerrero, Art Barr and Louie Spicolli Known to Mexican fans as Madonna's Boyfriend. Aguayo gained his revenge on Konnan by defeating him in the only AAA pay-per-view, "When Worlds Collide", in a steel cage match. He eventually became the AAA booker. Konnan defeated Killer on February 2, 1996, in Querétaro to become the first ever AAA Heavyweight Champion. He vacated the title after leaving AAA in October 1996 to form his own promotion, Promo Azteca, and the title remained inactive until 2004. Konnan's Mexican wrestling career was hampered in the late-1990s by his American wrestling commitments, and Promo Azteca closed in 1998. He made a return to the Mexican wrestling circuit in the 2000s after a six-year absence, selling out arenas in Mexico City and Guadalajara.

World Wrestling Federation (1992–1993)
Konnan made his WWF debut on September 1, 1992, in Hershey, Pennsylvania during a Superstars taping under the name The Comet Kid when he pinned Barry Horowitz. After three televised matches, Konnan abruptly left the WWF following a disagreement with WWF owner Vince McMahon in 1992. Konnan was not showing up for WWF events due to his rising fame in Mexico, and his supposed "bad attitude" and heat from fellow WWF workers leading to a very strained relationship with McMahon, who had invested heavily in the Max Moon character, both financially and creatively, up until that point.

Konnan was still working in Mexico while under contract to WWF, and was also simultaneously appearing in a Mexican telenovela aimed at children called "El abuelo y yo". As he was becoming more popular in Mexico, he was not as focused on making it in America. Konnan recollected, "Wrestling was so hot in Mexico, because they had lifted this 30-year ban on wrestling on TV in Mexico City. I was able to capitalize on that wrestling boom. I was wrestling three times in one day on many weekends. The amount of work was incredible. It was like when Raw and Nitro were going head-to-head and there was work for everybody."

There was also some locker room tension over the costs associated with the costume, Konnan's perceived attitude, and Konnan also was missing tapings because he was more successful in Mexico and was not focusing on WWF. In the end, the Max Moon character was given to Paul Diamond, who appeared as the character on the first episode of Monday Night Raw on January 11, 1993. After a brief run, the character was abandoned.

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995)
After meeting Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) booker Paul Heyman while on a wrestling tour of Singapore, Konnan joined ECW in 1995 and feuded with The Sandman. He appeared at ECW November to Remember on November 18, 1995, squashing Jason Knight. He also wrestled at an event co-promoted by ECW and the AAA in Chicago, Illinois.

United States Heavyweight Champion and Dungeon of Doom (1996–1997)
Konnan returned to WCW on a full-time basis on the January 22, 1996, edition of Nitro, where he announced that he would defend his "Mexican Heavyweight Championship" against Psicosis, the following night at Clash of the Champions, where Konnan retained the title. As a WCW employee, he was largely responsible for the hiring of several prominent Mexican wrestlers by WCW, including Rey Mysterio Jr., Psicosis, Juventud Guerrera and La Parka. Konnan defeated One Man Gang for the United States Heavyweight Championship on January 29, 1996. During his reign, he continued to defend his IWAS and AAA Heavyweight Championships in Mexico (these championships were billed as a "Mexican Heavyweight Title" wherever Konnan wore one or the other to a WCW ring). Konnan successfully defended the United States Heavyweight Championship against One Man Gang at SuperBrawl VI, Eddie Guerrero at Uncensored, Jushin Liger at Slamboree and El Gato at The Great American Bash before losing the title to Ric Flair on July 7 at Bash at the Beach following interference from Flair's valets Miss Elizabeth and Woman.

Several months after losing the United States Championship, Konnan became a villain and joined The Dungeon of Doom. However, the gimmick was already on its way out. According to Kevin Sullivan (the originator of the stable), speaking in a retrospective interview in July 2016, Konnan "didn't fit in The Dungeon of Doom. He was forced into it." Sullivan also praised Konnan highly: [He's] a fabulous performer and has a great mind for the wrestling business. He should have been on his own. Putting him with us, he just lost all the steam he had. He brought the luchadors into WCW, so he had a real effect on professional wrestling."

New World Order and World Television Champion (1997–1999)
Konnan joined the New World Order (nWo) on July 14, 1997. Konnan developed an increasingly hip-hop based gimmick and was nicknamed "K-Dogg." During his first stint in the nWo, Konnan feuded with the Luchadores whom he had brought to WCW. During this storyline, he wrestled in a Mexican Death match at Road Wild against Rey Mysterio, Jr. and a match against Juventud Guerrera at Uncensored in March 1998. When the nWo divided into two rival factions on the May 4, 1998, episode of Nitro, Konnan sided with the nWo Wolfpac, led by Kevin Nash. The Wolfpac feuded with nWo Hollywood, led by Hollywood Hogan and became tweeners. On the November 30, 1998, episode of Nitro, Konnan defeated Chris Jericho for the World Television Championship. His reign lasted until December 28, 1998, when he lost to nWo Hollywood member Scott Steiner on Nitro following interference from Buff Bagwell. When the two halves of the nWo reunited in January 1999, Konnan was thrown out of the nWo for standing up for Rey Mysterio, Jr and was attacked by Lex Luger. As a result, he became a face and teamed with Mysterio to fight the nWo. After feuding with nWo member Lex Luger, Konnan and Mysterio, Jr. were defeated by The Outsiders at SuperBrawl IX, with The Outsiders removing Mysterio's mask in the process. Konnan later criticized WCW for not respecting Mexican wrestling culture by writing storylines that saw several Mexican wrestlers unceremoniously unmasked (Juventud Guerrera, Psicosis, and Mysterio). He compared asking a luchador to remove their mask to "going to Japan and telling the Japanese they have to eat with a fork instead of chopsticks."

No Limit Soldiers and Filthy Animals (1999–2001)
Konnan was kicked out of the NWO Wolfpac on January 11, 1999. A week later he would enter the ring using the "Psycho" theme music which would later on becoming Rey Mysterio's theme song after his unmasking and the Filthy Animals theme for a while till it was replaced with "The Reason". Konnan spent several months feuding with Disco Inferno, and then he began a rivalry with Stevie Ray. He and Mysterio formed an alliance with Master P and his No Limit Soldiers and fought with The West Texas Rednecks. After Master P left WCW, Konnan formed a stable known as The Filthy Animals. He and Mysterio, representing the Filthy Animals, defeated Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) for the WCW World Tag Team Championship on October 18, 1999. They were scheduled to defend the titles against Harlem Heat in the MGM Grand Garden Arena on October 24, 1999, at Halloween Havoc, but on the night of the event Mysterio was announced as being injured. The title was then contested in a three-way tag match pitting Konnan and Billy Kidman, representing the Filthy Animals, against Harlem Heat and the First Family (Hugh Morrus and Brian Knobs). Harlem Heat regained the title after Stevie Ray pinned Morrus. Konnan and Kidman defeated Harlem Heat for the title the next night on Nitro, but lost to Harris Brothers (Ron and Don Harris) on November 22, 1999.

Konnan was inactive throughout early 2000, as he was suspended for three months by Bill Busch after requesting his release from WCW, unhappy with the way he was being used. Shortly after returning from suspension and reforming the Filthy Animals, Konnan was sidelined once again, this time with a legitimately torn triceps muscle, damaged when Van Hammer threw Juventud Guerrera at him during a match and Guerrera's elbow connected with Konnan's upper arm as he attempted to catch him. Throughout 2000, the Filthy Animals feuded with other stables, including The Misfits In Action, The Natural Born Thrillers and Team Canada. At WCW's final pay-per-view event, Greed on March 18, 2001, Lance Storm and Mike Awesome (representing Team Canada) defeated Hugh Morrus and Konnan. The assets of WCW were sold to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) five days later, on March 23.

Independent Circuit (2001–2003)
Following the sale of WCW, Konnan returned to wrestling for multiple independent promotions. He first went to Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW), where he took part in a tournament for the then-vacant XPW Television title on August 25, 2001. He defeated Johnny Webb and Vic Grimes in the first and second rounds, respectively, and then lost the final to Kaos. He then wrestled a match with Damian Steele on October 13, 2001. He wrestled Steele again on November 24, 2001, in a "Loser Leaves XPW" match at XPW Revolution at Grand Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Konnan won the match.

Konnan wrestled in Australia, the UK, and Germany for World Wrestling All-Stars from October to December 2001. His first match with the promotion was October 19, 2001, where he defeated Gangrel. He would win two further matches against Gangrel during his time at the promotion, but his singles record was generally poor: he lost in the first round of the WWA Heavyweight Championship title in a dog collar match against Road Dogg on October 26, 2001, and lost three tables matches against Norman Smiley on December 8, 9 and 11, 2001. Konnan's tag-team record was much better: Konnan went 6-0 teamed with Nathan Jones (exclusively against the team of Lenny Lane and Lodi, better-known formerly as The West Hollywood Blondes in WCW) between November 27 – December 11, 2001.

After a no-contest match against Sandman on January 12, 2002, at XPW New Year's Revolution 2, Konnan then went to World Wrestling Council, where he won the World Wrestling Council World Tag Team Championship with Carly Colón, defeating Thunder and Lightning on May 26, 2002.

Konnan appeared on the inaugural Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) pay-per-view on June 19, 2002, in the Von Braun Center in Huntsville, Alabama. He entered the Gauntlet for the Gold match for the vacant NWA World Heavyweight Championship, but he was chokeslammed and subsequently eliminated by Malice. He then went to Maximum Xtreme Pro Wrestling, where he lost another heavyweight title match; this time against Simon Diamond for the MXPW Heavyweight Title on August 12, 2002. He lost yet another title match upon returning to World Wrestling Council, losing by disqualification to Carly Colón in a match for the Universal Heavyweight title at WWC 29th Aniversario on September 14, 2002. Konnan finally won the title by defeating Colón on November 2, 2002, only to lose the title back to Colón 21 days later.

Returning to World Wrestling All-Stars in November and December 2002, Konnan defeated Norman Smiley twice in singles matches on November 28 and 29, 2002, and won in three minutes against Nate Webb on December 6, 2002, at WWA The Retribution in Glasgow. Subsequent to that, Konnan tag-teamed with Smiley against Disco Inferno and Malice for three matches between December 8–13, 2002, and won all three.

Konnan made two final appearances for World Wrestling All-Stars in May 2003, before the promotion folded. He also wrestled a tag match teamed with Norman Smiley for MXPW in September 2003. These would be his last extended stints in the independent circuit for nearly a decade.

Authentic Luchadores and 3 Live Kru (2003–2005)
Konnan returned to TNA on February 12, 2003, and formed a short-lived villainous alliance, the Authentic Luchadores, with fellow Hispanic wrestlers Juventud Guerrera, Super Crazy and The S.A.T.(Spanish Announce Team). The stable feuded with Jerry Lynn until April 2, 2003, when Lynn claimed that he had been heavily influenced by lucha libre and that he respected his Mexican opponents, thus earning the friendship of Konnan.

Throughout May and June 2003, Konnan began teaming with B.G. James and Ron Killings, and in July 2003 the trio formed a stable known as the 3 Live Kru. The Kru first wrestled as a unit on August 13, 2003, defeating The New Church (Sinn, Vampire Warrior and Tempest). On November 26, the Kru defeated Simon Diamond, Johnny Swinger and Glenn Gilberti in a six-man tag team match with the vacant NWA World Tag Team Championships on the line. The championship was held by all three members of the Kru, until January 28, 2004, when they were defeated by Kevin Northcutt and Legend in Nashville. After several abortive attempts to regain the tag title, the Kru began supporting Ron Killings's bid to become NWA World Heavyweight Champion. The Kru later feuded with Jarrett's mercenaries, The Elite Guard (Chad Collyer, Hotstuff Hernandez, and Onyx).

While with TNA, Konnan also returned to Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, making his first appearance at AAA Sin Limite - Guerra De Titanes 2004 on May 12, 2004. Konnan was teamed with Rikishi and lost to Cibernetico and La Parka by disqualification.

On July 14, 2004, the 3 Live Kru, Dusty Rhodes and Larry Zbyszko defeated Jarrett, Ken Shamrock and the Elite Guard in a ten-man tag team match. The Kru began feuding with Team Canada in August 2004, and at the inaugural three-hour TNA pay-per-view, Victory Road on November 7, 2004, Konnan and James defeated Team Canada members Bobby Roode and "Showtime" Eric Young for the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Their reign lasted one month, with Team Canada regaining the title on December 5, 2004, at Turning Point with the help of the injured Johnny Devine.

Throughout early 2005, the Kru feuded with Michael Shane and Kazarian, Team Canada and The Naturals. Dissension arose after James's former tag team partner from the WWF, Billy Gunn, joined TNA as "The New Age Outlaw" and began trying to convince James to reform their highly successful tag team, the New Age Outlaws. Konnan and Killings feuded with The Outlaw and "The Alpha Male" Monty Brown, with James's loyalties divided. From March 2005 onwards, Konnan was also feuding with Vampiro and La Parka in AAA. The feud went on intermittently through 2006.

Brown and The Outlaw, who had by now renamed himself "Kip James", defeated Konnan and Killings at No Surrender on July 17, 2005, with James declining to help either team. Konnan and Killings became increasingly frustrated, at one point referring to themselves as the "2Live Kru". The two teams faced one another in a No Surrender rematch on August 14, 2005, at Sacrifice, with James appointed guest referee by Director of Authority Larry Zbyszko, and James reaffirmed his loyalty to the Kru by attacking Kip, enabling Konnan to pin him and win the match. The Kru, apparently undivided, celebrated together following the match.

Over the following weeks, Kip James began assisting the 3 Live Kru, and on October 23, 2005, at Bound for Glory, he saved Konnan from a beating at the hands of Team Canada. On the November 26 episode of Impact!, B.G. James brought Kip James and the 3 Live Kru to ringside, then asked Killings and Konnan whether James could join the stable. Following a heated argument between the still skeptical Konnan and B.G., both Killings and Konnan gave their assent, and the 4 Live Kru was born. At Turning Point the 4 Live Kru faced Team Canada in an eight-man tag match. In the course of the match, Konnan attacked both B.G. and Kip James.

Latin American Xchange (2005–2007)
On the December 31, 2005, episode of Impact!, Konnan told B.G.'s father, Bob Armstrong, that he was a "hothead" and invited Armstrong to accompany him backstage for an apology. Instead of apologizing, Konnan turned heel by leading Armstrong into an ambush at the hands of Apolo and the debuting Homicide. The trio, later identified as The Latin American Xchange (LAX), then instructed an unconscious Armstrong to tell B.G. and Kip to "take care of their own business". At Final Resolution on January 15, 2006, Konnan and Homicide defeated The Naturals. After Apolo was released by TNA, he was replaced by Machete, who was in turn evicted from LAX by Konnan and Homicide. In subsequent weeks, Konnan began feuding with Bob Armstrong. On the April 8, 2006, episode of Impact!, Konnan faced Armstrong in an "Arm Wrestling Challenge"; the contest ended in a no-contest after LAX member Hernandez attacked Armstrong. At Lockdown on April 23, 2006, Konnan was defeated by Armstrong in an arm wrestling contest held within the confines of a steel cage; following the bout, each member of the LAX received ten lashes from the James Gang.

May 2006 was very busy for Konnan. In AAA, he made his first appearance with La Legión Extranjera (with Chessman & Ron Killings) on May 1, 2006, losing to El Zorro, Octagon & Vampiro Canadiense at AAA Sin Limite. He soon became the leader of the stable, which was active through 2009. That same month, Konnan became the TNA Impact! Spanish color commentator. Additionally, he and the LAX began a storyline that saw them refuse to wrestle (as well as himself and Moody Jack refuse to commentate), claiming that Latinos were discriminated against within TNA.

On June 24, 2006, Konnan participated in the first lucha libre event in San Diego. He stated that "Unfortunately there has never been lucha libre in the South Bay, there has never been lucha libre for la raza. Finally they will be able to see the lucha libre that they watch on television live here a few minutes from their home."

In early 2007, Konnan underwent hip replacement surgery, and his appearances in TNA from then on saw him frequently using a wheelchair. In June, Konnan left TNA, as did Ron Killings. Konnan gave several interviews about the drug abuse problem in pro wrestling around that time, most notably to the New York Daily News, which indicated that Konnan believed his "hip degenerated after years of steroid abuse and the physical toll of his sport, and...painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs ruined [his] kidney." He would reiterate the issue on his podcast some years later He successfully underwent kidney transplant surgery on July 23, 2007.

Return to AAA (2004–2006)
While with TNA, Konnan also returned to AAA (Asistencia, Asesoría y Administración de Espectáculos), making his first appearance at AAA Sin Limite - Guerra De Titanes 2004 on May 12, 2004. Konnan was teamed with Rikishi and lost to Cibernetico and La Parka by disqualification. From March 2005 onwards, Konnan was also feuding with Vampiro and La Parka in AAA. The feud went on intermittently through 2006. On May 1, 2006, he made his first appearance with La Legión Extranjera (with Chessman and Ron Killings), losing to El Zorro, Octagon and Vampiro Canadiense at AAA Sin Limite. He soon became the leader of the stable, which was active through 2009.

On June 24, 2006, Konnan participated in the first lucha libre event in San Diego. He stated that "Unfortunately there has never been lucha libre in the South Bay, there has never been lucha libre for la raza. Finally they will be able to see the lucha libre that they watch on television live here a few minutes from their home."

Second return to AAA and independent promotions (2007–2012)
Despite having left TNA in June 2007, Konnan did not wrestle for AAA until October, and only wrestled in four matches during the remainder of the year, due to his aforementioned surgeries. Konnan returned to World Wrestling Council at WWC Euphoria Tour 2008 on January 6, 2008, with Ron Killings of the 3 Live Kru, losing a tag team match against Eddy and Orlando Colon. In March 2008, Konnan sued TNA for racism and discrimination, alleging that while the company said that they would help pay for his hip replacement surgery, they did not. Konnan also claimed that TNA helped pay for Scott Steiner's operation, but did not pay for Ron Killings's surgery from around the same time.

On October 24, 2008, Konnan took part in an "Eight Man Domo De La Muerte Steel Cage Winner Gets Control Over AAA" match where La Legión Extranjera (consisting of Konnan, Electroshock, Kenzo Suzuki, and Rellik) defeated La Parka, Latin Lover, Octagon & Super Fly. On March 15, 2009, Konnan lost a Hair vs. Hair match against Vampiro Canadiense. He continued to wrestle with La Legión until February 2010.

On June 12, 2010, in a Four Way Elimination Match for the vacant AAA Parejas Increibles Tag Team Title, Cibernetico & Konnan defeated Dr. Wagner Jr. and Silver Cain, Electroshock & Super Fly, and LA Par-K & La Parka to become the champions. Konnan wrestled his last official match for AAA on October 1, 2010, a three-on-two Handicap Hardcore match pitting Joe Lider and Nicho el Millonario as La Hermandad Extrema against the threesome of Damian 666, Halloween and Konnan as La Sociedad. Konnan's team lost the match.

Konnan then made a series of appearances for independent promotions again, beginning with his only appearance as a performer for El Hijo de Perro Aguayo's promotion Perros del Mal on November 6, 2010. La Sociedad defeated Charlie Haas, Super Crazy & Tony Wilson at PDM The War at Auditorio Municipal Fausto Gutierrez Moreno in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.

On July 3, 2011, Konnan, together with El Canek and El Rayo de Jalisco Jr, defeated Los Hermanos Dinamita (Cien Caras, Mascara Ano 2000, and Universo 2000) by disqualification at International Wrestling Revolution Group's Festival De Las Mascaras 2011 at Arena Naucalpan in Naucalpan de Juarez, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. He then took part in a Mixed Five-on-four Handicap Match on August 7, 2011, where the team of Dr. Wagner Jr., Electroshock, El Elegido & El Zorro defeated Konnan, Chessman, Jennifer Blake, Mini Psicosis & Nicho el Millonario as part of a telethon benefit show in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. On October 7, 2011, Konnan and Nicho el Millonario, wrestling as La Sociedad lost by DQ to El Mesias and Extreme Tiger in an event for Promociones MV held at the Auditorio Municipal Fausto Gutierrez Moreno in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.

At Pro Wrestling Superstars' WrestleReunion VI held at The Westin Los Angeles Airport in Los Angeles, California, on January 28, 2012, Konnan took part in a 20-man Battle Royal featuring Brutus Beefcake, Gangrel, Greg Valentine, and others. The match was eventually won by The Godfather. Konnan then defeated The Convict at High Impact Wrestling's HIW Summer Invasion 2012 at Treaty Grounds in La Loche, Saskatchewan, Canada on August 23, 2012.

Final match and outside-the-ring roles (2013–present)
On February 3, 2013, Konnan was (in-storyline) fired from AAA. However, he returned to the promotion on April 15, announcing that he was once again becoming an in-ring performer. However, he instead moved on to other duties. He told Stephen Dean Johnson of ''SLAM! Wrestling'' that he is "kind of a jack-of-all-trades with Triple AAA. I write, produce, act as agent, and international liaison for talent. I am also on TV as one of the main managers for heels." In that same interview, he teased the then-upcoming deal that would lead to Lucha Underground. Konnan wrestled what appears to be his final match to date on September 15, 2013, in a six-man tag match. He, El Mariachi and Kafu defeated Derek Sanders, Oliver John and Vaquero Fantasma at an event taking place at the Santa Cruz County Fair in Watsonville, California.

In August 2014, Konnan had his left hip replaced. He was also very critical of WWE on Twitter regarding Alberto Del Rio's release from WWE for "unprofessional conduct regarding an alleged racist joke made by a WWE employee and a concurrent contract dispute involving Rey Mysterio where WWE extended Mysterio's contract without permission.

In September 2014, Konnan was announced as one of the AAA wrestlers to star in the El Rey network's new television series Lucha Underground. In the first season, he appeared as the manager of Prince Puma and claimed responsibility for bringing Fénix, Pentagón Jr. and Drago into the promotion.

On March 20, 2015, Konnan was ringside at a show organized by the independent promotion The Crash, in Tijuana, Mexico, when El Hijo del Perro Aguayo died in a freak accident during a match. He was named Crash' Head of creative until December 2017, when he was released.

In February 2016, Konnan stated that he had lost his creative position in AAA and was now merely a consultant for the promotion. He then levelled several accusations at AAA regarding non-payment of talent.

Konnan was named Head of Creative of Aro Lucha.

Return to Impact Wrestling (2017–2019)
In March 2017, Konnan returned to Impact Wrestling as the manager of The Latin American Xchange (Homicide, Ortiz, Santana and Diamante). On January 23, 2019, it was revealed that Konnan would now be working as a member of the creative team for Impact Wrestling.

Third return to AAA (2018–present)
On June 4 in Verano de Escándalo, Konnan returned to the AAA helping Jeff Jarrett win the AAA Mega Championship against Rey Wagner and Rey Mysterio Jr. before being faced by Fénix. On July 14 in Querétaro, Konnan and his group MAD make their debut, but were interrupted by La Parka, starting a rivalry.

Major League Wrestling (2018–2022)
Starting in 2018 Konnan began appearing in Major League Wrestling as a manager for Pentagon Jr. and Fenix, among other AAA wrestlers. He and his clients engaged in a feud with MLW World Heavyweight Champion Low Ki. On December 14, 2018, Konnan challenged Low Ki in a no-disqualification match for his championship, in a losing effort. The match was stopped by the referee when Low Ki, Ricky Martinez, and Hijo de L.A. Park wouldn't stop attacking Konnan. Low Ki then "shanked" Konnan with some object, but Tom Lawlor ran out to make the save.

All Elite Wrestling (2020–2021)
On November 17, 2020, Konnan returned to TNT for the first time since 2001, when he appeared on an episode of AEW Dynamite. During his appearance, Konnan reunited with former LAX members Santana and Ortiz, both of whom were now wrestling for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and were also members of Chris Jericho's wrestling stable Inner Circle. The reunion occurred during an Inner Circle party in Las Vegas. Konnan later appeared at AEW's marquee event Double or Nothing on May 30, 2021. During the main event match, which was a Stadium Stampede match that involved The Inner Circle, Konnan had a cameo appearance as a DJ inside a club in the TIAA Bank Field stadium, briefly assisting Santana and Ortiz. Konnan appeared on the June 26 edition of Dynamite, being supportive of Santana and Ortiz until attacked by their rivals FTR at the behest of Tully Blanchard.

Other media
Konnan has appeared in the video game WCW Nitro, WCW/nWo Revenge, WCW/nWo Thunder, WCW Mayhem, WCW Backstage Assault, Lucha Libre AAA: Héroes del Ring.

Konnan had a weekly podcast on MLW Radio which moved to The Jericho Network in July 2016. Konnan became the "first new voice" on the podcast network, which was started by Chris Jericho. The podcast, Keeping it 100 with Konnan is co-hosted by Glenn Gilberti. Konnan also made an appearance at San Diego Comic Con.

Konnan made an appearance at 2023 WWE Hall of Fame, inducting Rey Mysterio.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Asistencia Asesoría y Administración
 * AAA Americas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * AAA Parejas Increibles Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Cibernético
 * IWC World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Lucha Libre Award (2022)
 * Championship Wrestling USA Northwest
 * Championship Wrestling USA Northwest Tag Championship (1 time) – with Beetlejuice
 * Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
 * CMLL World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * International Wrestling All-Stars
 * IWAS World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * IWAS World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rey Mysterio, Jr.
 * Latin American Wrestling Association
 * LAWA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Global Championship Wrestling
 * GCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 25 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1996
 * Ranked No. 131 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with B.G. James and Ron Killings
 * World Championship Wrestling
 * WCW World Television Championship (1 time)
 * WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WCW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Rey Mysterio, Jr. (1) and Billy Kidman (1)
 * World Wrestling Council
 * WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Carly Colón
 * WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2009)

title: Konnan


text:
Victot-Pontfol

Victot-Pontfol is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Victot-Pontfol


text:
Vienne-en-Bessin

Vienne-en-Bessin (, literally Vienne in Bessin) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

During the latter stages of the Battle of Normandy it was the home of the British Army 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division's battle school.

title: Vienne-en-Bessin


text:
Vierville

Vierville may refer to the following communes in France:

 * Vierville-sur-Mer, location of Omaha Beach, a 1944 D-Day landing spot, in Normandy
 * Vierville, Manche, also in Normandy
 * Vierville, Eure-et-Loir

title: Vierville


text:
White box

White box may refer to:

Technology

 * White box (software engineering), a subsystem whose internals can be viewed
 * White-box testing, in software testing
 * White box (computer hardware), a personal computer assembled from off-the-shelf parts
 * White-box cryptography, a cryptographic system designed to be secure even when its internals are viewed
 * Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools, a GIS & remote sensing software package
 * White box system, a bilge water monitoring and control system for ships

Arts and entertainment

 * WHITEbox, an album set by Sunn O)))
 * "White Box", a special Christmas episode in Series 5 of Absolutely Fabulous
 * "White box", a release of the original Dungeons & Dragons rules
 * Shirobako (lit. White Box), an anime television series produced by P.A.Works
 * WhiteBox (art center), an arts center in New York City, US

Other uses

 * Eucalyptus albens or white box, a tree species from Australia

title: White box