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Lee Ving

Lee James Jude Capallero (born April 10, 1950 ), also known as Lee Ving, is an American guitarist, singer, and actor. Ving is the frontman of the Los Angeles-based hardcore punk band Fear. As an actor, Ving played topless club owner Johnny C. in Flashdance (1983), motorcycle gang leader Greer in Streets of Fire (1984) and murder victim Mr. Boddy in the murder mystery film Clue (1985).

Early life
Ving was born Lee James Jude Capallero in Philadelphia and grew up in the city's Kensington neighborhood. The Capallero family later moved to the suburbs and Ving attended St. Luke's Elementary School in Glenside as well as St. John of the Cross in Roslyn, before graduating from Abington Senior High School.

Ving's mother taught him to play the mandolin at four years of age. He began studying guitar at age eleven and later studied with musicians Jim Hall and John Abercrombie. He also studied with Ted Greene after moving to Los Angeles. As a teen he listened to blues records and particularly enjoyed their striking guitar sounds. He was also interested in Jimi Hendrix, the Rolling Stones, as well as the experimental New York rock group The Fugs. He joined his first band while still in high school.

In 1966 Ving enlisted in the army and served stateside during the Vietnam War.

Music career
After leaving the army, Ving became involved in Philadelphia's folk, blues and R&B music scenes while studying Sociology at Villanova University. He joined the electric blues band Sweet Stavin Chain (SSC) as a vocalist and harmonica player. SSC frequently collaborated with jazz saxophonist Michael Brecker. The band also opened for The Who at the Electric Factory in 1968 and also opened for Cream at the Spectrum during Cream's farewell tour later that same year. After leaving SSC, Ving moved to New York and studied voice and guitar. In the mid-1970s he moved to Los Angeles, playing briefly with heavy metal bands before forming the hardcore punk band Fear. The band's first concert was in 1978.

Ving is Fear's lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and harmonica player and is the only member to have remained with the band since its inception. During Fear's performances at the L.A. punk scene, Ving was known for baiting his audience with insults, earning him the nickname "the Don Rickles of rock." Ving's vocals have been described as "bluesy", evoking Howlin' Wolf and Muddy Waters, while also having a "commanding, drill-sergeant vocal delivery and surly attitude helped to build a new breed of bad-tempered hardcore" and "a vein-busting rage that lends [Ving] the air of a loco Marine on a rampage."

1981 marked an important year for Ving and Fear. The band was featured in the documentary The Decline of Western Civilization about Los Angeles's punk scene. Ving was initially approached by the film's director, Penelope Spheeris, while he was posting concert promo flyers to telephone poles in Los Angeles. Spheeris also introduced Fear to her husband Bob Biggs, the founder and then president of Slash Records, who signed the group to his label; Fear released their debut album The Record with the label in 1982.

Fear also appeared on the 1981 Halloween episode of Saturday Night Live (SNL) at the suggestion of SNL writer Michael O'Donoghue and then ex-SNL cast-member John Belushi. Belushi became a fan of Fear after seeing them perform in 1980 on the L.A.-based music television show New Wave Theatre; O'Donoghue had seen the band in The Decline of Western Civilization. Belushi had initially commissioned the band to record a song for his film Neighbors, but the movie studio rejected the recording and it never made the soundtrack. As a favor to Fear, Belushi and O'Donoghue made a deal with then producer Dick Ebersol whereby Belushi would make a cameo appearance on the show upon condition that Fear be allowed to perform as the episode's musical guests. A large portion of the crowd were punk music fans and included members of the bands Minor Threat, Cro-Mags, The Meatmen and Negative Approach who rushed the stage and were moshing. One of the slam dancers, Ian MacKaye, yelled "New York Sucks!" which was broadcast live. Dick Ebersol, who was stage manager at the time, decided to cut to tape once the obscenities could be heard.

Fear's performance was initially pulled from subsequent SNL reruns and recorded releases of the episode, but has subsequently been released in an edited form. The New York Post had initially reported that attendees of the performance caused $200,000 worth of damage, however both the Los Angeles Times and Billboard later reported that a program spokesperson confirmed the cost of damages was actually a $40 fine for "labor penalties." Both The Decline of Western Civilization and the Halloween SNL performance were an integral part of the history of hardcore punk, having exposed the music genre to a much wider audience.

Ving's vocals and harmonica playing were featured on the track "Got to Get Out of New York" from saxophonist Tom Scott's 1983 album Target. Fear found it difficult to find clubs willing to let them perform after their SNL performance and the band stopped playing in 1987. That same year Ving formed a country band called Range War that toured California and Texas. Two years later Ving moved with his wife and son to Austin.

Fear re-formed briefly under the band's original lineup in 1993. A couple of years later, Ving fronted an Austin-based band called Lee Ving's Army that later toured under the name Fear and included former Frank Zappa bassist Scott Thunes, drummer Andrew Jaimez and guitarist Sean Cruse.

Ving was also the vocalist for the band MD.45, which also featured Dave Mustaine of Megadeth. The band released their only album The Craving in 1996, however in 2004 the album was remastered and re-released with Mustaine's vocals replacing those of Ving.

Ving appeared in Dave Grohl's 2013 documentary Sound City and is a member of the supergroup Teenage Time Killers that came about due to the film. In 2015 Fear's recordings from the Belushi film Neighbors were recovered by Belushi's widow and Fear's music was re-mastered and re-mixed by Ving at Grohl's 606 studios in Los Angeles. Ving released the music digitally that same year. In an interview with Rolling Stone about Sound City, Grohl stated that Fear's performance in The Decline of Western Civilization inspired him to become a musician and that performing with Ving 30 years later was a "profound, life-altering moment."

Acting career
Ving (credited as Lee James Jude) and the other members of Fear appeared in the 1981 rotoscope animated film American Pop, directed by Ralph Bakshi.

In 1983, Ving appeared in several film roles. He played a murderer in the horror anthology film Nightmares starring Emilio Estevez. He appeared in Flashdance as the owner of a topless club who tries to convince Jennifer Beals' character to work for him. He played the over-the-top punk singer named 'Piggy' in the rock-and-roll comedy Get Crazy.

A year later, Ving played Greer, the henchman of Willem Dafoe's character in the neo-noir rock musical film Streets of Fire and also appeared as a criminal in a police lineup in an episode of the short-lived Three's Company spin-off Three's a Crowd.

In 1985, he played Mr. Boddy in the film Clue, based on the board game of the same name. While the film was unsuccessful in theaters on its first run, it later became a cult classic and it is often the role for which Ving is now most recognized.

In 1987 Ving appeared in the Who's the Boss episode titled "Walk on the Mild Side". Ving played Jake McGuire, a motorcyclist bad boy who Angela dates while fulfilling a list of wild things she wanted to do while in high school. Ving's country band Range War also performed two songs during the episode. Also in 1987, Ving reunited with director Penelope Spheeris for her film Dudes. Ving was cast as the main antagonist, a gang leader who murders one of the protagonists, Milo, portrayed by Flea, bassist of Red Hot Chili Peppers. The plot revolves around the murder victim's friends looking to bring the Ving's character to justice.

Ving appeared in a cameo role in the 2009 National Lampoon comedy Endless Bummer. He was also cast as a bartender in Death Rider in the House of Vampires, a Spaghetti Western horror film directed by Glenn Danzig released in 2021.

Fear
Guitar and vocals on all.
 * The Record (1982)
 * More Beer (1985)
 * Live...For the Record (1991)
 * Have Another Beer with Fear (1995)
 * American Beer (2000)
 * For Right and Order (2023)

Range War

 * Home on the Range (recorded 1985, released 2017) - vocals, guitar

MD.45

 * The Craving (1995) - vocals, harmonica

With Sound City Players

 * Sound City: Real to Reel (2013) - vocals on "Your Wife Is Calling"

title: Lee Ving


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Talk:Country rock

Difference?
Is there any meaningful difference between "country rock" and Southern rock? Tuf-Kat 06:12, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah. Country rock is a lot more country.  Gram Parsons is country rock, Lynryd Skynyrd are Southern rock.  They don't sound all that similar.  Naturally there's a crossover : Little Feat, Commander Cody et al.  Country rock tends to be song and vocal based -- country songs with a rockier arrangement, Southern Rock are mainly rock songs with a countrified arrangement and harmony.  Southern rock thinks nothing of filling entire sides of a double album with instrumental jams (Hey, the Allman Brothers Band, this means YOU!)

Southern Rock is arguably a fusion of country rock with blues rock, with a lyrical emphasis on Southern culture. Of course, all three subgenres are diverse and tend to overlap. Heck, the Marshall Tucker Band was countrier than most of what gets played on country radio these days. Just my 2¢. Archola 00:59, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

"and were also influenced by the emergence of rock & roll in the 1960s" rock and roll Shouldnt this read "rock music"? Lukeyhear 17:34, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

The Dillards
You absolutely MUST put The Dillards at the top of your list. The other pioneers in the field would insist!!! They are the root of the genre. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.47.105.164 (talk • contribs) / —Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaelseanhof (talk • contribs)

 * The Dillards may be pioneers, but they are too obscure for a general reference in an encyclopedia, especially without references.  freshacconci  speak to me  16:12, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * As I've mentioned, including the Dillards without a source is original research. Until that can be provided, listing them is a problem. This article needs more sources, not more unsourced opinions.  freshacconci  speak to me  16:29, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

In general, the onus is on those that seek to include something. Therefore, 68.47.105.164 should attempt to locate a source that discusses the band as a country rock act. Edit warring is not appropriate. — Scientizzle 16:33, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * At the moment, this article is just some unsourced information and opinions, with a long list, which I admit I've added to. In the end, all we are getting here is editors adding their favourite bands, with some sort of continuous attempt to predate the earliest mentioned act (there was a previous attempt to place the Monkees as the earliest county-rock act). Obviously, this is getting ridiculous and I'm thinking no new info should be added until clear sources can be brought in. As with many creative topics, establishing who is "first" is always open to debate and we need some expert published opinions, not necessarily to declare "the first", but to indicate that in fact coming up with a definitive first is near impossible.  freshacconci  speak to me  16:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think working to develop an inclusion criteria (i.e., every mentioned band must have an appropriate source that discusses them as "country rock". The protection will expire in 23 hours, so hopefully some headway can be made on this. WikiProject Country Music would be an excellent place to start for gathering opinions and help, I imagine. — Scientizzle 16:57, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll work on that.  freshacconci  speak to me  17:03, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Hey brother- you don't have any citations whatsoever. You have BIG AND RICH on your page and you are asking me for a citation on The Dillards? Are you kidding!!!

 * Anyone serious about consideration of this genre would not only include this group, but would bow down before these guys and have the at the very front of their list. This is like having a page about soul music and not including James Brown or Otis Redding.Further, the Dillards aren't obscure-AT ALL!!! They were the Darling family on Andy Griffith.

 * They sold many, many, many more albums than much of your list. All country rock comes from the Dillards. They mixed the genres before any of the bands you listed. Their albums "Wheatstraw Suite" Copperfields" "Tribute To The American Duck" "Roots and Branches" are the catalyst of country rock. Gram Parsons, The Eagles, The Byrds, Poco all state that the Dillards are their MAIN influence. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band respected these guys so much that John McCuen made a whole documentary about them and their history. Look them up if you don't believe me. Unless you include them, your page isn't legitimate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaelseanhof (talk • contribs)

Clean up
I plan to carry out a clean up of this article soon. It will take into account points made above, remove any POV and add citations where possible. I also intend to put more detail on the role of Dylan and The Byrds in the development of the genre, which is oddly missing here. If you have any points you wish to be incorporated into the clean-up now is the time to voice them.--''' SabreBD  (talk ) 09:56, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

This now done.--''' SabreBD  (talk ) 08:55, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

"Country metal" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country_metal&redirect=no Country metal] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. FMSky (talk) 08:16, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Country rock


text:
User:Amorpheous

I edited under IP addresses for a while. Now I have an account name.

title: User:Amorpheous


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Duane Kuiper

Duane Eugene Kuiper (born June 19, 1950), nicknamed "Kuip", is an American sportscaster and former professional baseball player. As a player, he was a second baseman for the Cleveland Indians and San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB). Save for one year, Kuiper has been a television and radio broadcaster for the Giants since 1986, and is one half of the popular "Kruk and Kuip" duo alongside his friend and former teammate Mike Krukow. He briefly left the Giants in 1993 to work for the expansion Colorado Rockies, but returned in 1994.

Early life
Kuiper, his two brothers, and one sister, grew up on a 300 acre farm in Sturtevant, Wisconsin, near Racine. He played baseball at Jerome I. Case High School in Racine, Wisconsin. He is the older brother of former sports broadcaster, Glen Kuiper.

College career
Kuiper is a graduate of Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, where he was a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. His roommate was Dan Radison, a long-time minor and major league coach.

Drafts and minor leagues
Kuiper was drafted by the New York Yankees out of Jerome I. Case High School in the twelfth round of the 1968 Major League Baseball Draft, but chose instead to attend Indian Hills Community College. He was drafted by the Seattle Pilots, Chicago White Sox and Cincinnati Reds while attending Indian Hills, but did not sign with any of these clubs. After a season at Southern Illinois University, he was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the fourth round of the 1971 June Secondary Amateur Draft, but again did not sign. It wasn't until graduating from Southern Illinois that Kuiper finally said yes to the Cleveland Indians, who drafted him in the first round of the 1972 January Secondary Amateur Draft.

Kuiper spent three seasons in the Indians' farm system, batting .295 with six home runs and 148 runs batted in (RBIs) before receiving a September call-up in 1974.

Cleveland Indians (1974–1981)
Kuiper made his major league debut on September 9 as a late inning defensive replacement for Jack Brohamer, and grounded into a double play in his only at-bat. However, he fared far better in his remaining plate appearances that season, collecting nine singles, two doubles, two walks and four RBIs in 24 plate appearances.

Though Kuiper spent time with the triple-A Oklahoma City 89ers in 1975, he spent most of the season in the majors, splitting time with Brohamer at second base, and batting second in manager Frank Robinson's batting order. Following the season, the Indians dealt Brohamer to the White Sox, clearing a spot for Kuiper to play every day.

Primarily a slap hitter, Kuiper maintained a decent batting average (lifetime .271) while proving to be an above average defender, leading American League second basemen in fielding percentage in 1976 and 1979. He hit his only career home run against Chicago White Sox pitcher Steve Stone on August 29, 1977. Kuiper holds the MLB record for most career at-bats with only one home run. In interviews for a video, Super Duper Baseball Bloopers, Stone claimed that he wasn't properly warmed up for the game, with only seven minutes to warm up, because his manager didn't know the game was starting 12 minutes earlier than expected. Kuiper's counter-argument was, "Steve would like to tell you he wasn't loose. Well, he was loose enough to strike out the first batter of the game." Kuiper holds the major league record for most career at-bats with exactly one home run in the live-ball era. Since the game in question was on national television, Kuiper's singular feat was captured on video. (Giants telecasts, for which Kuiper is currently an announcer, will run the highlight from time to time to poke fun at him. On April 25, 2014, the Giants held "Duane Kuiper Home Run Bobblehead Night" for their game against the Indians. )

On May 30, 1977, Kuiper scored the only run for either team in Dennis Eckersley's no-hitter against the California Angels.

On July 27, 1978, playing against the Yankees at Yankee Stadium, Kuiper hit two bases-loaded triples. He is one of only three Major League players to accomplish this feat, the other two players being Elmer Valo (1949) and Bill Bruton (1959).

On May 15, 1981, Len Barker pitched a perfect game against the Toronto Blue Jays with Kuiper at second base. Kuiper fielded five ground balls to contribute to the effort. Shortly after Kuiper suffered a knee injury that caused him to miss most of the 1980 season, the Indians acquired Alan Bannister from the White Sox. The two platooned at second in 1981. He batted .257 with 14 RBI that season.

San Francisco Giants (1982–1985)
Kuiper was dealt from the Indians to the San Francisco Giants for pitcher Ed Whitson on November 15, 1981. He backed up Hall of famer Joe Morgan his first season in San Francisco, and batted .255 in three-plus seasons platooning at second for the Giants before being released by the club on June 28, 1985. Kuiper and future broadcast partner Mike Krukow were both on the Giants from 1983 to 1985, where they formed their friendship.

Broadcasting career
Kuiper's broadcasting career began while still a player, hosting his own KNBR radio show from 1982 to 1985. After retiring from playing baseball, Kuiper provided commentary for the Giants from 1986 to 1992. With uncertainty over whether the Giants would move to Florida for the 1993 season, Kuiper left for a one-year stint with the expansion Colorado Rockies. Kuiper returned to broadcast for the Giants in 1994, where he has remained since.

Kuiper's call of Bonds' 715th home run to pass Babe Ruth is considered the historic call for that home run, as radio announcer Dave Flemming's microphone cut out at the exact moment the ball was hit. Kuiper made the TV call for Barry Bonds' historic 756th home run which broke Hank Aaron's record (although the historic call is that of KNBR radio announcer Jon Miller).

On November 1, 2010, Kuiper made the historic call for the final out of Game 5 of the 2010 World Series that resulted in the Giants' first title since. On June 13, 2012, Kuiper called Matt Cain's perfect game.

While principally a television play-by-play announcer on NBC Sports Bay Area, Kuiper also shares radio play-by-play duties with Dave Flemming on KNBR when the Giants television broadcast is carried over-the-air on KNTV and Jon Miller handles the television play-by-play. He also fills in on the radio side when Flemming is unable to announce games due to his second job as an ESPN college football and basketball announcer. During Giants post-season play, Kuiper and broadcast partner Mike Krukow move over to the radio side and call games with Miller and Flemming while the television broadcasts are handled by network sportscasters.

Kruk and Kuip can be heard in the Electronic Arts video games MVP Baseball 2003, MVP Baseball 2004, and MVP Baseball 2005. In December 2010, both Kuiper and Krukow signed six-year extensions to continue as Giants announcers.

Kuiper missed calling much of the 2021 season after a cancer diagnosis that required chemotherapy, but he returned to a limited schedule—all home games and 20 road games, called remotely from San Francisco—in the 2022 season.

Commentating style
According to an Aug. 21, 2019 story in Sports Broadcast Journal, Kuiper uses a deep baritone voice when a player swings and misses, when a dramatic play is made, and when he calls home runs.

Kuiper is noted for his distinctive calls beginning and ending each game: after the result of the first batter of the game, he says, "And that's how this game gets started"; when the ball game is over, Kuiper says, "And that's the ball game!"

When Kuiper states the pitch count on a batter, he often calls "nothing" in lieu of calling "a ball" and the current number of strikes when the count is "no balls". Kuiper often uses the phrase "Got 'em!" when an out is recorded.

His trademark home run call is "He hits it high... hits it deep... it is (or this baby is) OUTTA HERE!" or "HIGH DRIVE... LEFT (or RIGHT) FIELD... IT IS (sometimes: THIS BABY IS) OUTTA HERE!" Another popular home run saying, "THAT ONE'S HIGH, AND DEEP, AND... GONE! A HOME RUN!"

In April 2010, Kuiper coined a new slogan from a fan's sign for the SF Giants club: "Giants baseball... torture!" This slogan is used generally if the games are either tense, tight, or very close, in which the Giants have later won by a small margin.

Personal life
Kuiper lives in Danville, California. He was married to Michelle Kuiper for 36 years before she died on February 20, 2022. Together, they had two children: a son, Cole, who is married to Rachel Jensen Kuiper, and a daughter, Dannon, who is married to Zack Rease. Kuiper has two granddaughters: Andy (born 2019) and Kit (born 2021).

Kuiper is just one in a family of baseball broadcasters, all working in the San Francisco Bay Area. His younger brother, Glen Kuiper, was the play-by-play announcer for the Oakland Athletics from 2006 to 2023, a job mirroring his older brother's a few miles across the bay. Their middle brother, Jeff, is a television producer for the Giants who produces Duane's broadcasts.

For many years, Kuiper would visit his family's farm in Sturtevant, Wisconsin whenever the Giants played the Brewers in Milwaukee. The farm continued to be owned by his father, Henry Kuiper, until the elder Kuiper sold it in 2018 so that the land could be redeveloped into a hospital complex. Henry Kuiper died in 2019 at age 95.

title: Duane Kuiper


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Stinson L-13

The Stinson L-13 (sometimes known as the Grasshopper, like other aircraft of its type) was a US military utility aircraft first flown in 1945.

Development
The aircraft design was developed at Stinson in response to a request from the United States Army Air Force for a light observation/liaison aircraft. At that time Stinson was a subsidiary of Consolidated-Vultee. The first two prototypes were constructed at the Stinson facility in Michigan. In 1948 the Convair board were restructuring their various units, and negotiated to sell the Stinson subsidiary to Piper Aircraft. The L-13 project was specifically not included in the assets of the sale, however, and Convair continued its production in-house; ultimately building 300 units as the Convair L-13.

It was a conventional high-wing tailwheel monoplane used for observation, liaison, and air ambulance duties, which typically require low landing speeds and short landing rolls. It was fitted with a large "greenhouse" to enhance its observation role.

Following their military service and resale into the private market, some units were converted for civil bush flying use, fitting a radial engine by Acme Aircraft Company as the Centaur, while others underwent similar conversions by Caribbean Traders Inc, as the Husky.

Variants

 * XL-13
 * Prototype aircraft, powered by 245 hp (183 kW) Franklin O-425-6 engine. Two built.

 * L-13A
 * Production aircraft, powered by 250 hp (187 kW) O-425-9 engine. 300 built.

 * L-13B
 * Conversion of L-13A for cold weather operation, capable of operating from wheels, skis or floats. 28 converted.

 * Acme Centaur 101
 * Conversion of L-13 as six-seat bush aircraft. Powered by 300 hp (224 kW) Lycoming R-680-E3.

 * Acme Centaur 102
 * Similar to Acme Centaur 101, with a 300hp Jacobs R-755-A2 radial.

 * Caribbean Traders Husky I
 * Civil conversion of L-13A. Retained O-425 engine.

 * Caribbean Traders Husky II
 * Civil conversion of L-13A. Powered by 300 hp R-680-13 engine on modified engine mount capable of swinging out for easy maintenance.

 * Caribbean Traders Husky III
 * Similar to Husky II, but powered by 450 hp (338 kW) Wright R-975-7 radial engine.

 * Servicair Loadmaster
 * Reconstruction of L-13A with 450 hp Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 radial engine and rearranged four-seat cabin.

Operators

 * United States Air Force
 * United States Army received 43 ex-Air Force L-13As following the outbreak of the Korean War, serving in the Continental United States to free up aircraft for active service overseas.
 * United States Army received 43 ex-Air Force L-13As following the outbreak of the Korean War, serving in the Continental United States to free up aircraft for active service overseas.

Brazil

 * 47-406 – L-13 on display at the TAM Museum in São Carlos, São Paulo.

United States

 * 47-275 – L-13A on display at the Arkansas Air and Military Museum in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
 * 47-287 – L-13A in storage at the Castle Air Museum in Atwater, California.
 * 47-316 – L-13A airworthy at the War Eagles Air Museum in Santa Teresa, New Mexico.
 * 47-355 – L-13 on static display at the Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii.
 * 47-394 – L-13A on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.
 * 47-412 – L-13B airworthy at the Heritage Flight Museum in Burlington, Washington.

title: Stinson L-13


text:
Museum of Natural Sciences

The Museum of Natural Sciences of Belgium (Muséum des Sciences naturelles de Belgique; Museum voor Natuurwetenschappen van België) is a Brussels museum dedicated to natural history. It is a part of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB); Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen (KBIN)).

The Dinosaur Hall of the museum is the world's largest museum hall completely dedicated to dinosaurs. Its most important pieces are 30 fossilised Iguanodon skeletons, which were discovered in 1878 in Bernissart, Belgium. Another famous piece is the Ishango bone, which was discovered in 1960 by Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt in the Belgian Congo. The museum also houses a research department and a public exhibit department.

The museum is located at 29, rue Vautier/Vautierstraat, in Leopold Park, close to the European institutions. This site is served by Brussels-Luxembourg railway station.

History
The Museum of Natural Sciences was founded on 31 March 1846, as a descendant of the Musée de Bruxelles of 1802. It was based on the collection established by Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, dating from the 18th century. The scientist and politician Bernard du Bus de Gisignies became the first director of the museum in 1846, and on this occasion, he donated 2,474 birds from his own collection to the museum.

In 1860, during the construction of new fortifications around Antwerp, several fossils were found, mainly of whales, and they were acquired by the museum. The museum also obtained the skeletons of a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) and a young blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), which are still on display today. The same year, the skeleton of a mammoth was unearthed near Lier, in Antwerp, Belgium, and due to the prompt action of the archaeologist François-Joseph Scohy, it was preserved and brought to the museum, where it has been exhibited since 1869. At that time, the only other skeleton of a mammoth on display was in the museum of Saint Petersburg in Russia.

In 1878, the largest find of Iguanodon fossils to date occurred in a coal mine at Bernissart, in Hainaut, Belgium. At least 38 Iguanodon (Iguanodon bernissartensis) skeletons were uncovered, at a depth of 322 m, of which 30 were brought back to the museum and put on display. They were mounted by Louis Dollo and set the standard that was followed for over a century. Found alongside the Iguanodon skeletons were the remains of plants, fish, and other reptiles, including the crocodyliform Bernissartia.

Between 1889 and 1891, the museum moved from its original home at the Palace of Charles of Lorraine into a former convent located on the heights of the park. The building quickly became too narrow and the director of the time, Edward Dupont, entrusted the architect Charles-Emile Janlet the construction of a new southern wing. Work began in 1898 and ended in October 1905. The new rooms were specially designed to accommodate the new collections. In 1950, several modern buildings were added to house new exhibition and storage rooms, as well as premises for the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, the research centre of which the museum is now part.

Since 2007, the completely renovated and enlarged Dinosaur Hall (the Janlet wing) of 4580 m2 has been the largest dinosaur hall in the world.

Permanent exhibitions

 * The Dinosaur Hall: with the world-famous Iguanodon skeletons (30 almost complete skeletons)
 * The Gallery of Humankind: our evolution
 * The gallery Living Planet
 * The Gallery of evolution
 * History of the institute: 250 years of Natural Sciences
 * Biodivercity
 * The Mineral Gallery: crystals, cut gems, meteorites and precious bits of Moon rock.
 * The Ishango bone, a prehistoric bone counting tool.

In addition to these permanent exhibitions, there are also temporary exhibitions, which are always highly interactive.

title: Museum of Natural Sciences


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Keyes

Keyes may refer to:

 * Keyes (surname), including a list of people with the name
 * Keyes, California, a place in the United States
 * Keyes, Oklahoma, a place in the United States
 * Captain Jacob Keyes and Miranda Keyes, characters in Halo
 * Sammy Keyes, fictional character in novels by Wendelin Van Draanen

title: Keyes


text:
Music from The Adventures of Pete & Pete

Music from the Adventures of Pete & Pete is a studio album by the band Polaris, a one-off project involving members of the late 1980s and early 1990s band Miracle Legion. It features twelve songs composed by the band between 1992 and 1995 for the cult Nickelodeon television series, The Adventures of Pete & Pete. The album remains the only full-length release by Polaris. A deluxe edition was released in September 2020 via Mezzotint Records on vinyl and CD, containing unreleased demos, a lyric sheet and other additional material.

The album is dedicated to "Astrochimp Ham & Spacedog Laika".

The final track on the album contains a hidden section that begins at 5:29. This hidden track is composed of a number of sound clips concerning the Apollo 11 mission.

The National covered "Ashamed of the Story I Told" on the benefit album Ciao My Shining Star: The Songs of Mark Mulcahy.

Track listing
All tracks written by Mark Mulcahy. The 2020 "21st Century Edition" contains:
 * 1) "Hey Sandy" – 2:36
 * 2) "She Is Staggering" – 3:08
 * 3) "Waiting for October" – 3:52
 * 4) "Saturnine" – 3:13
 * 5) "Everywhere" – 3:37
 * 6) "Ivy Boy" – 3:51
 * 7) "Summerbaby" – 3:24
 * 8) "Coronado II" – 4:19
 * 9) "Ashamed of the Story I Told" – 4:29
 * 10) "As Usual" – 5:22
 * 11) "Recently" – 2:40
 * 12) "The Monster's Loose" – 9:01

Side A:

 * 1) Hey Sandy
 * 2) She is Staggering
 * 3) Waiting For October
 * 4) As Usual
 * 5) Everywhere
 * 6) Ivy Boy

Side B:

 * 1) Summerbaby
 * 2) Coronado II
 * 3) Ashamed Of The Story I Told
 * 4) Saturnine
 * 5) Recently
 * 6) The Monster's Loose

CD Tracklist:

 * 1) The Monsters Loose
 * 2) CORONADO II
 * 3) Holy Holly
 * 4) Waiting for October
 * 5) 21st Century Space Walk
 * 6) Hey Sandy
 * 7) As Usual
 * 8) Ashamed of the Story I told
 * 9) Recently
 * 10) Waiting for October electric guitar
 * 11) Saturnine instrumental
 * 12) As Usual w/drums
 * 13) Waiting for October acoustic instrumental
 * 14) Coronado II instrumental
 * 15) Look at the Rocket Go!

Polaris

 * Muggy - vocals and guitar
 * Jersey - bass
 * Harris Polaris - drums

Additional performers

 * Tom Chase - organ and piano
 * Buel Thomas - trumpet
 * Dennis Kelly - pedal steel guitar
 * Joyce Raskin - vocals on "Ashamed of the Story I Told"


text:
Simon Jones

Simon Jones may refer to:
 * Simon Jones (actor) (born 1950), English actor
 * Simon Jones (cricketer) (born 1978), Welsh cricketer who plays for England
 * Simon Jones (footballer) (born 1945), former Rochdale and Chester City player
 * Simon Jones (musician) (born 1972), British musician, member of The Verve
 * Simon Jones (priest) (born 1972), British priest and Dean-designate of Lincoln
 * Simon Cellan Jones (born 1963), British television and film director
 * Simon Hewitt Jones, English violinist
 * Simon Huw Jones (born 1960), vocalist, lyric writer and photographer
 * Simon Peyton Jones (born 1958), British computer scientist

title: Simon Jones


text: User talk:68.189.203.169

title: User talk:68.189.203.169


text: Talk:Wheaton, Maryland

title: Talk:Wheaton, Maryland


text:
The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower

The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower is a 2004 fantasy novel by American writer Stephen King. It is the seventh and final book in his Dark Tower series. It was published by Grant on September 21, 2004 (King's birthday), and illustrated by Michael Whelan. It has four subtitles: REPRODUCTION, REVELATION, REDEMPTION, and RESUMPTION – all but the second of these having been used as subtitles for previous novels in the series.

Plot summary
Beginning where book six left off, Jake Chambers and Father Callahan battle the evil infestation within the Dixie Pig, a vampire lounge in New York City featuring roast human flesh and doors to other worlds. After fighting off and destroying numerous "Low-Men" and Type One Vampires, Callahan sacrifices himself to let Jake survive.

In the other world—Fedic—Mia, her body now physically separated from Susannah Dean, gives birth to Mordred Deschain, the biological son of Roland Deschain and Susannah. The Crimson King is also a "co-father" of this prophetic child, giving "baby" Mordred's the ability to shapeshift into a spider-creature, which he does, then feasting on his birth-mother. Susannah shoots but fails to kill Mordred, eliminates other agents of the Crimson King, and escapes to meet up with Jake at the cross-dimensional door beneath the Dixie Pig which connects to Fedic. Maturing at an accelerated rate, Mordred later stalks Roland and the other gunslingers throughout this adventure, shifting from human to spider as the need arises, seething with an instinctive rage toward Roland, his "white daddy."

In Maine, Roland and Eddie recruit John Cullum, and then make their way back to Fedic, where the ka-tet is now reunited. Walter O'Dim (known in other stories as Randall Flagg) plans to slay Mordred and use the birthmark on Mordred's heel to gain access to the Tower, but he is easily slain and eaten by the infant when Mordred sees through his lies.

Roland and his ka-tet travel to Thunderclap, then to the nearby Devar-Toi, to help a group of psychics known as Breakers who are allowing their telepathic abilities to be used to break away at the beams that support the Tower. Ted Brautigan and Dinky Earnshaw assist the gunslingers with information and weapons, and reunite Roland with his old friend Sheemie Ruiz from Mejis. The Gunslingers free the Breakers from their captors, but Eddie is wounded after the battle and dies a short while later. Roland and Jake pause to mourn and then jump to Maine of 1999 along with Oy, in order to save the life of Stephen King (whom he writes to be a secondary character in the book); the ka-tet have come to believe that the success of their quest depends on King surviving to write about it through his books.

They discover King about to be hit by a van. Jake pushes King out of the way but Jake is killed in the process. Roland, heartbroken with the loss of his adoptive son, buries Jake and returns with Oy to Susannah in Fedic, via the Dixie Pig, after paying a visit to the Tet Corporation. They are chased through the depths of Castle Discordia by an otherworldly monster, then depart and travel for weeks across freezing badlands toward the Tower.

Along the way they find Patrick Danville, a young man imprisoned by someone who calls himself Joe Collins but is really a psychic vampire named Dandelo. Dandelo feeds off the emotions of his victims, and starts to feed off of Roland and Susannah by telling them jokes. Roland and Susannah are alerted to the danger by Stephen King, who drops clues directly into the book, enabling them to defeat the vampire. They discover Patrick in the basement, and find that Dandelo had removed his tongue. Patrick is freed and soon his special talent becomes evident: his drawings and paintings become reality. As their travels bring them nearer to the Dark Tower, Susannah comes to the conclusion that Roland needs to complete his journey without her. Susannah asks Patrick to draw a door she has seen in her dreams to lead her out of this world. He does so and once it appears, Susannah had a bittersweet goodbye with Roland and crosses over to another world.

Mordred, now dying due to food poisoning, finally reaches and attacks Roland while he sleeps. Oy viciously defends his dinh, providing Roland the extra seconds needed to exterminate the were-spider. Oy is impaled on a tree branch and dies. Roland continues on to his ultimate goal and reaches the Tower, only to find it occupied by the Crimson King. They remain in a stalemate for a few hours, until Roland has Patrick draw a picture of the Crimson King and then erase it, thus wiping him out of existence except for his eyes. Roland gains entry into the Tower while Patrick turns back home. The last scene is that of Roland crying out the names of his loved ones and fallen comrades as he had vowed to do. The door of the Dark Tower closes shut as Patrick watches from a distance.

The story then shifts to Susannah coming through the magic door to an alternate 1980s New York, where Gary Hart is president. Susannah throws away Roland's gun (which does not function on this side of the door), rejecting the life of a gunslinger, and starts a new life with alternate versions of Eddie and Jake, who in this world are brothers with the surname Toren. They have only very vague memories of their previous journey with Susannah, whose own memories of Mid-World are already beginning to fade. It is implied that an alternate version of Oy, the billy-bumbler, will also join them.

In a final "Coda" section, King urges the reader to close the book at this point, consider the story finished with a happy ending, and not venture inside the Tower with Roland. For those who do not heed the warning, the story resumes with Roland stepping into the Dark Tower. He realizes that the Tower is not really made of stone, but a kind of flesh: it is Gan's physical body. As he climbs the steps, Roland encounters various rooms containing siguls or signs of his past life. When he reaches the top of the Tower, he finds a door marked with his own name and opens it. Roland instantly realizes, to his horror, that he has reached the Tower countless times before, and is trapped in Ka's wheel as punishment for his ruthlessness and killing. He is forced through the door by the hands of Gan and transported back in time to the Mohaine desert, back to where he was at the beginning of The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, with no memories of what has just occurred. The only difference is that, this time, Roland possesses the Horn of Eld, which in the previous incarnation he had left lying on the ground after the Battle of Jericho Hill. Roland hears the voice of Gan, whispering that, if he reaches the Tower again, perhaps this time the result will be different; there may yet be rest and redemption, if he stands true. The series ends where it began in the first line of book one: "The man in black fled across the desert, and the gunslinger followed."

Reception
The novel won the British Fantasy Award in 2005.

Film sequel
On May 18, 2016, Stephen King tweeted a photo of the Horn of Eld with the caption 'Last Time Around', referring to the end of the final book and revealing that the upcoming 2017 film is a sequel to the book series rather than a direct adaptation. In the beginning of the film, Roland has the Horn of Eld, which he received at the end of The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower.

title: The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower


text:
Tengah Air Base

The Tengah Air Base is a military airbase of the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) located in the Western Water Catchment, in the western part of Singapore.

The air base is the most important airfield of the RSAF as it houses the majority of the RSAF's fixed-wing frontline squadrons, home to all of RSAF's Airborne early warning and control (AEWC) assets, most of the F-16C/D Fighting Falcons and many UAVs.

The airfield goes by the motto of Always Vigilant, which is supported by its main motif, a black knight chess piece symbolising the aircraft's operational readiness in Tengah. The sword represents war's heraldic sword of destruction, while the state is depicted by the castle.

Prior to Singapore's independence, it was a flying Royal Air Force station known as RAF Tengah.

RAF Tengah
RAF Tengah was opened in 1939. Tengah airfield was the target of carpet bombing when 17 Japanese Navy bombers conducted the first air raid on Singapore, shortly after the Battle of Malaya began.

In a 1990 memoir, former Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot Terence O'Brien described leading (in late December 1941) a flight of Lockheed Hudsons from Britain to Singapore, which was already under attack by the time he and his aircrews arrived at Tengah. He noted that only eight "of us out of the twenty who set off" from Britain for Singapore survived the Far East campaign. Tengah had already been under air attack by the Japanese, but he said it was easy to imagine the once elegant, but now badly damaged, officers' mess just a few weeks before their arrival. He said it: . . . stood proud on a grassy slope to the south of the field, from the terrace you looked over the lush green grass, then a smooth-topped expanse of rubber plantation stretched away to misty blue hills. . . You could picture officers and guests out there on mess nights chatting under the Southern Cross. . . the strains of a waltz coming from the dance band in the spacious lounge brilliantly lit and aswirl in colour. Now, a month later and into war, all that was gone forever. Many of the windows were now empty of glass, so the rain came misting through in the frequent tropical showers. . . There was no longer any door at all on the room allotted to Peter and me. ..

Not long after their arrival, O'Brien and his Hudsons departed Singapore just ahead of the conquering Japanese.

Tengah was the first airfield to be captured when Japanese forces invaded Singapore. After the Japanese completed their capture of Singapore, Tengah came under the control of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force while the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service took over the other two RAF stations of Sembawang Air Base and RAF Seletar as Singapore was split into north–south sphere of control. This effectively ensured that the Japanese Army took control of the south, including the administrative hub and population centre of Singapore City, while the Japanese Navy took command of the north, which included the Royal Navy dockyard at Sembawang.

Malayan Emergency
During the Malayan Emergency, Tengah was used to house Avro Lincolns of the RAF and Royal Australian Air Force and Bristol Brigands of No. 84 Squadron RAF which performed bombing sorties against pro-independence forces led by the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), led by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) deep in the jungles of Peninsular Malaysia. In 1952 45 Squadron was equipped with de Havilland Hornets and re-equipped with Venoms in 1955 at RAF Butterworth when it was amalgamated with 33 Squadron] T.11's of 60 Squadron, joined by 14 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. In 1958 they were joined by 45 Squadron and No. 75 Squadron RNZAF, both equipped with English Electric Canberra B.2. The RAAF retained their Lincolns, with 1 Squadron, until the end of the emergency.

Konfrontasi

During the period of Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, 20 Squadron with its Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft in addition to the Gloster Javelins of 60 Squadron and 64 Squadron, were based on the airfield to help upgrade the air defence of Singapore and Peninsula Malaysia against infrequent air incursions from the MiG-21s and P-51 Mustangs of the Indonesian Air Force. 74 Squadron Lightnings were deployed following Confrontation to replace the Javelins of 64 Squadron.

On 3 September 1964, an Indonesian Air Force C-130 Hercules crashed into the Straits of Malacca while trying to evade interception by a Javelin FAW.9 of No 60 Squadron. On 30 April 1968, the Gloster Javelins of No 60 Squadron flew their last RAF operational sorties from Tengah and the squadron was disbanded the same day.

V bomber detachment

As a show of force to deter the Indonesian President Sukarno from launching an all-out war during this period, the RAF also deployed a V bomber force detachment to Tengah in the form of Handley Page Victor B.1A bombers from 15 Squadron in August 1963, which was rotated with those dispersed to RAAF Butterworth in Malaysia. The detachment of Victor bombers was replaced in October 1964 by a detachment of Avro Vulcan B.2 bombers from 12 Squadron, these were subsequently pulled back to RAF Cottesmore in December that same year. In August 1965, 9 Squadron resumed RAF's Vulcan bomber detachment to Tengah, followed by 35 Squadron in December 1965, these were in turn replaced by 9 Squadron again in February 1966. After June 1966, 9 Squadron returned to Cottesmore following the end of the confrontation.

According to British MoD documents declassified in 2000, up to 48 Red Beard tactical nuclear weapons were secretly stowed in a highly secured weapons storage facility at Tengah, between 1962 and 1970, for possible use by the V bomber force detachment and 45 Sqn Canberras for Britain's military commitment to South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).

British Withdrawal
The RAF station closed at the end of March 1971 and Tengah was handed over to the Singapore Air Defence Command (later the Republic of Singapore Air Force) by 1973, after the British Withdrawal following the defence cuts. Despite this, the airfield continued to host British and Commonwealth air forces and troops under the auspices of the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) until 1976. The RAAF pulled out of Tengah in 1983.

Tengah Air Base
It was renamed RSAF Tengah in 1971 (then it became Tengah Air Base (TAB)), when it was handed over to the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). Currently, the air base houses aircraft such as the Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Fighting Falcons.

RSAF50 parade took place on 1 September 2018 at TAB. The parade featured almost 500 personnel in a march-past, mobile column and a Salute-to-the-Nation flypast involving 20 aircraft. The new Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) aircraft made its maiden public appearance. The static display also showcased both retired and present aircraft.

On 8th May 2024, a F16 crashed shortly after take off, the pilot ejected with minor injuries.

Flying Squadrons
The Flying Squadrons based in Tengah Air Base are:
 * 111 Squadron with 4 G550 CAEW
 * 140 Squadron with 12 F-16C/D
 * 143 Squadron with 12 F-16C/D
 * 145 Squadron with 20 F-16D+ BLK 52
 * RSAF Black Knights – the official RSAF Aerobatic team with F-16Cs from various squadrons.

UAV Squadrons
The Flying Squadrons based in Tengah Air Base are:
 * 116 Squadron with H-450

Support Squadrons
The Support Squadrons based in Tengah Air Base are:

 * Flying Support Squadron – 205 Squadron
 * Airbase Civil Engineering Squadron – 505 Squadron
 * Field Defence Squadron – 605 Squadron
 * Ground Logistics Squadron – 705 Squadron
 * Aircraft Operational Maintenance Squadron – 805 Squadron
 * Aircraft Specialist Maintenance Squadron – 815 Squadron

Former Flying Squadrons

 * 142 Squadron with 16 A-4SU Super Skyhawk before the squadron was disbanded in 1997. The squadron was reestablished in 2016 at Paya Lebar Air Base.

Exercises
The RSAF regularly conducts Exercise Torrent which converts the neighboring Lim Chu Kang road into an alternative runway since its inception in April 1986. Its purpose is to demonstrate the RSAF capability of generating air power in the shortest time from public roads. The latest and seventh edition was held from the 10 to 13 November 2016.

Future
To accommodate the relocation of all RSAF assets and equipment from Paya Lebar Air Base, Tengah Air Base will be expanded by acquiring 50,000 graves in the Choa Chu Kang Cemetery and 80 neighbouring farms/agricultural businesses. Military training areas will be rationalised, such as the closure of Murai Urban Training Facility. A new runway will be built on the expanded portion of the base.

Video clips

 * , accessed 26 December 2008.
 * , accessed 23 January 2009.

title: Tengah Air Base


text:
User talk:Alexalderman

Alex Alderman

Instructional Designer, Kenyon College

PhD in Classical Languages and Literatures from Brown University. MEd in Educational Technology, University of Missouri

These are the pages I've started so far:

spoudaiogeloion

Noah Baumbach

Virtue epistemology

Moral psychology

Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski

Martin McDonagh

Whit Stillman

A Greek-English Lexicon

Sokratikoi logoi

Orthoepeia

Cyropaedia (Xenophon)

Orthoepeia
Hi, Alex, thanks for your interesting Orthoepeia article! I hope you stick around and continue to make cool contributions like that.

Since the usual dictionaries only acknowledge the sense of "pronunciation" for orthoepeia (see my edit to the article), I think it would be an advantage if you provided a source for the other, admittedly much more interesting, sense. This would avoid the risk of having it sound like "original research", which is a big Wikipedia no-no. See Cite sources for how to refer to the source. Best wishes, and welcome to Wikipedia! --Bishonen 18:43, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Greek language

Orthoepeia again
Thanks for the help, my young, beautiful, androgynous, homosexual, Japanese friend. You've caught me being quite lazy; I'm still getting the hang of this, though.

Oh, and a tip: sign messages with four tildes ( ~ ). That will automagically put your in your own signature plus a timestamp. Best,--Bishonen 15:26, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It's probably on your watchlist...
...but I thought I'd give you a courtesy notice just in case. I have have made a move request for Sokratikoi logoi - see Talk:Sokratikoi logoi.

title: User talk:Alexalderman


text:
EMD E6

The EMD E6 was a 2000 hp, A1A-A1A, streamlined passenger train locomotive manufactured by Electro-Motive Corporation, and its corporate successor, General Motors Electro-Motive Division, of La Grange, Illinois. The cab version, E6A, was manufactured from November 1939 to September 1942; 91 were produced. The booster version, E6B, was manufactured from April 1940 to February 1942; 26 were produced. The 2000 hp was achieved by putting two 1000 hp, 12-cylinder, model 567 engines in the engine compartment. Each engine drove its own electrical generator to power the traction motors. The E6 was the seventh model in a long line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units.

Compared with passenger locomotives made later by EMD, the noses of the E3, E4, E5, and E6 cab units had pronounced slants when viewed from the side. Therefore, these four models have been nicknamed "slant nose" units. Later E models had the "bulldog nose" of the F series.

One interesting E6 variant custom-produced for the Missouri Pacific was the model EMC AA. This was a motorcar-style unit which had only one prime mover and 1000 hp, and substituted a baggage compartment where the other diesel V-12 would have been. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific owned an equally interesting pair of similar power cars known as the EMC AB6, which were mechanically identical but had boxcabs in blunt noses. These acted as boosters behind conventional E6A models on the Rocky Mountain Rocket train between Chicago and Limon, Colorado, from where the E6A would take the Denver cars north and the AB6 would take the Colorado Springs section of the train south.

Surviving units
Three E6 locomotives survive today:

Atlantic Coast Line E3A 501 was wrecked before delivery, returned to EMC and rebuilt as an E6A. It has been preserved and now resides at the North Carolina Transportation Museum/Spencer Shops. ACL 501 has been at or near operational status for much of its life. After retirement from regular service, the unit was restored to purple & silver colors and run on Midwest fan trips by owner Glenn Monhart. After Mr. Monhart's death, the unit found a home in Spencer, North Carolina, at the North Carolina Transportation Museum.

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad E6A #630, was operated by the Midland Railway, in Baldwin City, Kansas. RI 630 has since been sold and will become part of a future museum in Manly, Iowa, along with Rock Island E8A 652. Both units have been cosmetically restored but currently are under a mechanical restoration at Mid-America Car in Kansas City, MO as of March 2017.

Louisville and Nashville E6A #770, built as L&N 450B, is located at the Kentucky Railway Museum, in New Haven, Kentucky. This unit is for display only, as it came to the museum without most of its internal parts.

title: EMD E6


text: Template:Non-free logo

title: Template:Non-free logo


text:
Category:Logos

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Logos


text: User talk:68.226.5.136

title: User talk:68.226.5.136


text:
Super Freak

"Super Freak" is a 1981 single produced and performed by American singer Rick James. The song, co-written by James and Alonzo Miller, was first released on James' fifth album, Street Songs (1981) and became one of James' signature songs. "Freak" is a slang term for the sexually adventurous, as described in the song's lyrics, "She's a very kinky girl / The kind you don't take home to mother". Rolling Stone magazine ranked the song number 477 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004, number 481 in 2010, and number 153 in an updated list in 2021. The song was nominated for the Grammy for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance at the 1982 Grammys. The song has been sampled by MC Hammer in 1990, and by Nicki Minaj in 2022.

Recording
"Super Freak" was recorded with other tracks for the Street Songs album during December 1980 – January 1981 at the Record Plant, in Sausalito, California and Motown / Hitsville U.S.A. Recording Studios, Hollywood, California. It features background vocals from James' Motown labelmates the Temptations—whose bass singer, Melvin Franklin, was one of James's idols—and Canadian singer Taborah Johnson. The bass was played by Oscar Olston. The tenor saxophone solo is by Stone City Band member Daniel LeMelle. James' improvised lyrics were later toned down by Los Angeles DJ Alonzo Miller, who received co-writing credit. James apparently was not particularly excited about the song, but reputedly wanted to have something on the album that "white folks could dance to."

Beatfreakz version
In 2006, Dutch music group Beatfreakz covered the song as "Superfreak" and released it as a single. This cover reached number seven on the UK Singles Chart and number six in Finland and Hungary.

Track listings
Dutch CD single
 * 1) "Superfreak" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Superfreak" (club mix)
 * 3) "Superfreak" (Fonzerelli remix)
 * 4) "Superfreak" (Dennis Christopher De-Electro remix)
 * 5) "Streetgirl" (album version)

UK 12-inch single
 * A1. "Superfreak" (Beatfreakz club mix)
 * A2. "Superfreak" (Fonzerelli remix)
 * B1. "Superfreak" (Dennis Christopher De-Electro remix)
 * B2. "Superfreak" (Friday Night Posse remix)

UK CD1
 * 1) "Superfreak" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Superfreak" (Beatfreakz club mix)

UK CD2
 * 1) "Superfreak" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Superfreak" (Fonzerelli remix)
 * 3) "Superfreak" (Dennis Christopher De-Electro remix)
 * 4) "Superfreak" (Verdez remix)
 * 5) Extended interactive CD-ROM

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the Dutch and UK CD1 liner notes.

Studios
 * Recorded at Beatfreakz Studios (Weesp, Netherlands)
 * Sample replays recorded at Scorccio.com Studio (Barcelona, Spain)

Personnel
 * Rick James, Alonzo Miller – writing
 * Sandro – vocals
 * Jassy Tamar Husk – additional vocals
 * Beatfreakz – production
 * Hal Ritson – vocal production
 * Mark Summers – sample replay production
 * Ben Cook – executive production
 * Dipesh Parmar – executive production assistant
 * Antonio Petronzio – photography

Sampling
The predominant riff of the song was most popularly sampled in 1990 by MC Hammer in "U Can't Touch This". The song would then be sampled by American musical group Black Eyed Peas in their 2020 single “Vida Loca", and was later sampled by Nicki Minaj in her 2022 single, "Super Freaky Girl". Minaj previously appeared in the remix of Big Sean's "Dance (A$)" (2011), which sampled "U Can't Touch This".

The Chorus of the song appears in Transformers 2. The scene in which the protagonist Sam is driving his Camaro

title: Super Freak


text:
Acme Sierra

The Acme Aircraft Co S-1 Sierra was an experimental aircraft of unusual configuration built in the US in 1948 to investigate the advantages of a pusher propeller configuration. Apart from this engine installation, the aircraft was unusual in having an X-shaped tail incorporating ruddervators on the upper fins. The wing was mounted midway up the fuselage and was unswept. During the 1960s, the US aerospace manufacturer Northrop used the aircraft as a technology demonstrator for boundary layer control concepts.

title: Acme Sierra


text:
Ethnocide

Ethnocide is the extermination or destruction of ethnic identities. Bartolomé Clavero differentiates ethnocide from genocide by stating that "Genocide kills people while ethnocide kills social cultures through the killing of individual souls". According to Martin Shaw, ethnocide is a core part of physically violent genocide. Some substitute cultural genocide for ethnocide, and other argue the distinction between ethnicity and culture. Cultural genocide and ethnocide have been used in different contexts. While the term "ethnocide" and "ethnic cleansing" are similar, the intentions of their use vary. The term "ethnic cleansing" has been criticized as a euphemism for genocide denial, while "ethnocide" tries to facilitate the opposite.

Origin of the word
Raphael Lemkin, the linguist and lawyer who coined genocide in 1943 as the union of "the Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin cide (killing)", also suggested ethnocide as an alternative form representing the same concept, using the Greek ethnos (nation) in place of genos. However, the term genocide has received much wider adoption than ethnocide.

Usage
As early as 1933, the lawyer Raphael Lemkin proposed that genocide had a cultural component, a component which he called "cultural genocide." The term has since acquired rhetorical value as a phrase that is used to protest against the destruction of cultural heritage.

Proposed usage
The drafters of the 1948 Genocide Convention considered the use of the term, but dropped it from their consideration. The legal definition of genocide is left unspecific about the exact nature in which genocide is done, only stating that it is destruction with intent to destroy a racial, religious, ethnic or national group as such.

Article 7 of a 1994 draft of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples uses the word "ethnocide" as well as the phrase "cultural genocide" but it does not define what they mean. The complete article reads as follows:
 * Indigenous peoples have the collective and individual right not to be subjected to ethnocide and cultural genocide, including prevention of and redress for:
 * (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities;
 * (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources;
 * (c) Any form of population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights;
 * (d) Any form of assimilation or integration by other cultures or ways of life imposed on them by legislative, administrative or other measures;
 * (e) Any form of propaganda directed against them.

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly during its 62nd session at UN Headquarters in New York City on 13 September 2007, but only mentions "genocide" in its Article 7, not "cultural genocide." Article 8 in the final document otherwise substantially retains the wording of the draft Article 7, but its first sentence reads "indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to be subjected to forced assimilation or destruction of their culture".

UNESCO
In UNESCO's "Declaration of San Jose":

The Declaration of San Jose commits the United States and the nations of Central America to engage in a more in-depth discussion about a broad range of issues. These issues include: strengthening democracy and regional security, building trade and investment, combating crime, drugs and corruption, promoting dialogue on immigration, and achieving more equitable and sustainable development. In the Declaration of San José, UNESCO also addresses and works to define ethnocide. UNESCO defines the term as follows:

"Ethnocide means that an ethnic group is denied the right to enjoy, develop and transmit its own culture and its own language, whether collectively or individually. This involves an extreme form of massive violation of human rights and, in particular, the right of ethnic groups to respect for their cultural identity."

Robert Jaulin
The French ethnologist Robert Jaulin (1928-1996) proposed a redefinition of the concept of ethnocide in 1970, to refer not the means but the ends that define ethnocide. Accordingly, the ethnocide would be the systematic destruction of the thought and the way of life of people different from those who carry out this enterprise of destruction. Whereas the genocide assassinates the people in their body, the ethnocide kills them in their spirit.

Pierre Clastres
In Chapter 4 of The Archeology of Violence by Pierre Clastres

Ethnocide, unlike genocide, is not based on the destruction of the physical person, but rather on the destruction of a person's culture. Ethnocide exterminates ways of thinking, living, and being from various cultures. It aims to destroy cultural differences, especially focused on the idea of "wrong" differences, that are present in a minority group by transforming the group's population into the culture norm of a certain place. This measuring of differences according to one's own culture is called ethnocentrism. The ethnocentric mind is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of superior and inferior cultures. Therefore, ethnocide hopes to raise inferior cultures to the status of superior cultures by any means necessary.

Barry Sautman
Barry Victor Sautman is a professor with the Division of Social Science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology."The 'intent that underlies ethnocide is not the same intent as the intent of cultural genocide, for the same reason that it is not tied to physical or biological destruction of a group. The intent is therefore typically aimed at forced assimilation and not on population decimation. Thus the intent that underlies ethnocide is an intentional act resulting in cultural death'"

Contemporary examples
The destruction by Azerbaijan of thousands of medieval Armenian Churches, khachkars and gravestones in Nakhchivan and elsewhere – and Azerbaijan's denial that these sites have ever existed – has been cited as an example of cultural genocide or ethnocide.

title: Ethnocide


text: User talk:202.88.44.135

title: User talk:202.88.44.135


text:
File:Metal machine music.jpg

Summary
cover for Metal Machine Music by Lou Reed

title: File:Metal machine music.jpg


text:
Rob Mariano

Robert Carlo Mariano (born December 25, 1975), known by the nickname Boston Rob, is an American television personality, known for appearing in the CBS reality show Survivor. He placed tenth in the show's fourth season Survivor: Marquesas, finished as the runner up to his eventual wife Amber Brkich in the show's eighth season Survivor: All-Stars, came in 13th place in the show's 20th season Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, won the show's 22nd season Survivor: Redemption Island, returned for the show's 39th season Survivor: Island of the Idols as a mentor for the new players alongside Sandra Diaz-Twine, and came in 17th place in the show's 40th season Survivor: Winners at War. Mariano is the first contestant to appear on Survivor six times, and play five times. He also competed on The Amazing Race twice alongside his wife, where they placed second and eighth.

Personal life
Mariano was born in Hyde Park, Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Canton, Massachusetts. He is of Italian descent. Mariano graduated from Xaverian Brothers High School in 1994, where he played golf and hockey. In 1999, Mariano graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Boston University. He made the BU hockey team in 1995 as a freshman, but declined to play for coach Jack Parker after he was told that he would not receive much ice time. At the time, Mariano first played Survivor in 2001, he was 25 years old and continuing to coach the hockey team.

Mariano began a relationship with fellow reality TV contestant Amber Brkich in 2003, during their time filming Survivor: All-Stars. They became engaged on May 9, 2004, during the show's live finale at Madison Square Garden in New York City, and married on April 16, 2005, at Atlantis Paradise Island in The Bahamas. CBS aired a two-hour special about the wedding, entitled Rob and Amber Get Married, on May 24, 2005. After their marriage, Brkich took Mariano's surname, and the couple moved to Pensacola, Florida. They have four daughters: Lucia Rose (born July 4, 2009), Carina Rose (born December 10, 2010), Isabetta Rose (born May 5, 2012),  and Adelina Rose (born June 20, 2014). Their entire family are members of the Catholic Church.

Marquesas
Assigned to the Maraamu tribe at the start of the game, Mariano was successful in leading a counter alliance against Hunter Ellis though as a result of this their challenge performance was lackluster compared to the opposing tribe. In the fourth episode, "The Winds Twist", Mariano was swapped into the minority on his new tribe, Rotu, though was spared when Gabriel Cade's apathetic nature to the game was seen as detrimental. When the tribes merged, Mariano was viewed as the biggest target by the original Rotu tribe members and attempted to counter by warning of a splinter group of John Carroll, Tammy Leitner, Zoe Zanidakis, and Robert DeCanio though this proved unsuccessful and was voted out in a 7-2-1 vote.

All-Stars
Mariano was announced to compete in Survivor: All-Stars after his prior performance in Survivor: Marquesas. Assigned to the Chapera tribe, Mariano formed an immediate alliance with Amber Brkich and successfully navigated the game together through brokering deals with contestants that would not be honored and securing an alliance with Jenna Lewis and Rupert Boneham to eliminate bigger targets. Upon reaching the final tribal council, Mariano was lambasted for abusing his relationships with contestants outside of the game to benefit himself though was praised for his aggressive gameplay. On May 9, 2004, before the votes were announced, Mariano proposed to Brkich, which she accepted. Mariano lost the season in a 4–3 vote.

Heroes vs. Villains
For his actions in Survivor: All-Stars, Mariano was announced as a contestant for Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. Assigned to the Villains tribe, Mariano was the de facto leader of the Villains with his storyline focused on his rivalry with Russell Hantz and their differing views of the game. In the sixth episode, "Banana Etiquette", Mariano and his alliance planned to split the vote between Hantz and Parvati Shallow to eliminate either target and a hidden immunity idol, but their plan was thwarted when Tyson Apostol changed his vote, leading to Apostol's elimination. In the seventh episode, "I'm Not A Good Villain", with Mariano now in the minority of his tribe, he appealed to Benjamin "Coach" Wade's sense of honesty and integrity to vote Hantz. Coach was divided between his allegiances to both Mariano and Hantz but ultimately sided against Mariano, and Mariano was voted out.

Redemption Island
On January 13, 2011, Mariano was announced to compete in his fourth season, Survivor: Redemption Island in a continuation of his feud in Heroes vs Villains with Russell Hantz. Mariano, through his hard work ethic and likeability from his new tribe, became the de facto leader. As a result of this, Mariano formed a majority alliance with Andrea Boehlke, Grant Mattos, Natalie Tenerelli, Matt Elrod, and Ashley Underwood. As the game progressed, Mariano successfully eliminated opponents with relative ease and formed an alliance with outsider Phillip Sheppard due to his abrasive and unpredictable nature. Using his past experiences and ability to read his fellow players, Mariano controlled every vote he was involved in and was able to reach the final tribal council where he was praised for his dominant game over finalists Sheppard and Tenerelli who attributed their success to Mariano. On May 15, 2011, Mariano was revealed to have won the season in an 8-1-0 vote. Whilst viewers and fans were critical of his win, Jeff Probst characterized Mariano's game as the "most perfect game of Survivor ever."

Island of the Idols
Mariano, along with former castmate Sandra Diaz-Twine, returned for the 39th season in a mentor role for a new group of castaways. Unable to vote or compete in challenges, Mariano and Diaz-Twine lived together on a separate beach from the game and, at times, have one player visit to be taught a lesson on the various facets of Survivor. They would also attend each Tribal Council in a hideaway. On the morning of Day 37, Mariano and Diaz-Twine departed from the eponymous Island of the Idols leaving a luxurious shelter and supplies for the final five castaways of the season.

Winners at War
At the finale of Survivor: Island of the Idols, it was announced that Mariano would be competing alongside 19 other winners of the show, including Brkich. He was placed on the Sele tribe where he quickly formed an "Old-School" Alliance with Parvati Shallow and Ethan Zohn, although the alliance ultimately fell apart due to Danni Boatwright informing Ben Driebergen of its existence. Mariano was later swapped to the Yara tribe with Driebergen, Adam Klein, Sarah Lacina and Sophie Clarke, where he was the sixth person voted out of the game. Mariano was defeated by Tyson Apostol and Natalie Anderson respectively in the challenges to return from the Edge of Extinction and was sent to the jury for the first time in his career. Mariano voted for Tony Vlachos to win the season, which he did in a 12-4-0 vote, making Vlachos the second two-time Sole Survivor following Diaz-Twine, and the winner of the increased grand prize at $2,000,000.

With this season, Mariano became the first Survivor contestant to play for a fifth time; Mariano once again became the longest-played Survivor contestant in his career, having played a cumulative 152 days (excluding the 37 days in Island of the Idols) over five seasons, surpassing the previous record held by Ozzy Lusth who played 128 over four seasons set in Survivor: Game Changers.

Rob and Amber Get Married
On April 16, 2005, Mariano and Brkich were married in a private ceremony at Atlantis Paradise Island in the Bahamas. CBS aired a two-hour special about the wedding, Rob and Amber Get Married, on May 24, 2005.

Season 7
As an engaged couple, Mariano and his fiancée Amber Brkich participated in the seventh season of The Amazing Race and came in second place. During a Roadblock challenge in Mendoza, Argentina, in the third leg of the race, contestants had to eat four pounds of meat. Mariano began the roadblock but very quickly determined he would not or could not eat that quantity. The penalty for not finishing the Roadblock was a four-hour delay. By convincing several other contestants to refuse to participate, he ensured that several contestants were on the same timetable as he and Brkich. Also in South America, Mariano pooled his money with some other racers to bribe the bus driver into letting the teams that contributed off earlier. When Mariano bribed the driver, he used none of his own money.

In Botswana, during the sixth leg of the race, the couple was criticized by fellow racers, as well as host Phil Keoghan, when they drove by the car accident of another team, brothers Brian and Greg, without stopping. Their fellow competitors all checked in with the brothers prior to continuing on to the next stage of the race. In southern Africa, Mariano and Brkich saw their own photo on a magazine cover.

Mariano and Brkich ultimately finished in second place behind married couple, Uchenna and Joyce. Amongst fans, there has been much speculation surrounding the final leg of the race. It has been argued that the production crew had intervened with the airport authorities and aided Uchenna and Joyce onto the same, earlier plane as Mariano and Brkich. In the "Revisiting the Race" special feature on the Season 7 DVD, Mariano, along with Uchenna and Keoghan, denied these accusations. Mariano describes Uchenna running around frantically trying to get onto the flight, which the final edited version of the show does not portray. Keoghan cites the fact that the decision to re-open the door rested solely with the pilot, and that intervention by the production crew would have resulted in someone leaking such information out. Although Mariano and Brkich lost the one million dollar grand prize and "The Amazing Race 7" winners' title at the final leg of the race, they managed to win the 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 10th legs. They were also the only team to not come in last place on any legs of the race.

All-Stars
The Marianos later competed in the All-Stars season of The Amazing Race, which began airing in February 2007. The couple's racing status was listed as "newlyweds". While they had set a record for The Amazing Race, coming in first place for the first three legs, they were eliminated on the fourth leg of the race.

Additional television appearances
In 2004, Mariano was the narrator/player operator of a short-lived reality series on UPN titled The Player.

On April 16, 2005, Mariano and Brkich were married in a private ceremony in the Bahamas. CBS aired Rob and Amber Get Married, a two-hour special about the wedding, on May 24, 2005.

Mariano was a co-host of the six-week Sci Fi series, Sci Fi Investigates.

Between their two appearances on The Amazing Race, Mariano and Brkich filmed a 10-episode show for the Fox Reality Channel, Rob and Amber: Against the Odds in 2006, which aired the following year. Set in Las Vegas, the program follows Mariano's attempts to become a professional poker player and features professional player Daniel Negreanu tutoring him. The series ended with Rob and Amber Mariano accepting an offer to appear on The Amazing Race: All-Stars and the odds of Rob's professional poker career waned.

In 2008, Mariano appeared in an episode of Canadian show, Reality Obsessed, hosted by Murtz Jaffer and won first place in a competition that pitted him against James Zinkand (Big Brother 9), Jen Parker (The Amazing Race 12), and Jennifer Hoffman (The Apprentice).

Mariano was co-host on The History Channel's Around the World in 80 Ways which ran from October to December 2011.

In 2016, Mariano appeared in a special episode of The Price Is Right which featured multiple former Survivor contestants competing on the show. The episode aired on May 23, 2016.

In 2022, Mariano was in a Season 2 episode of Secret Celebrity Renovation, where he and his company help restore houses for various celebrities.

Mariano was a contestant on the first season of Deal or No Deal Island. He was eliminated at the final four challenge by coming in last place after receiving a three-minute penalty for looking at another player's completed puzzle.

title: Rob Mariano


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User talk:Melvinchen

Image copyrights
Hi there,

I see that a number of images you have uploaded are copyrighted (e.g. Image:TA4SU.jpg and Image:TA4SU2.jpg - "Copyright Horizon ModelTech 2002"; Image:Image:A4SU.jpg - "(c) Nick Challoner"; Image:RSAF-F16D.jpg - "(c) Peter Steehouwer").

Unless these images are released under the GFDL or some other license compatible with the Wikipedia, they will have to be deleted. I suggest you don't upload any more images until you've read Copyrights, particularly the Contributors' rights and obligations section, and understand what is and is not legal for us to use. —Stormie 06:43, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

Info on image, please
Lupo 11:43, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, Image:Jurong construct111.jpg needs source and copyright info. —Stormie 04:28, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)

You have uploaded many images which have been found to be copyright violations; a number have already been deleted. I hope you now understand the importance of Copyrights. Please comment on any images with proper permission, public domain, or GFDL licencing, and please remove any copyrighted images you uploaded from the articles they appear on. Please reply; if there is no response, it may be assumed that it is safest to delete all of the images you have uploaded. -- Infrogmation

See above for Image:RSAF-F16CD.jpg. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 13:06, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

SGpedians' notice board
Our very own notice board is up! Do try to look through and contribute. ;)--Huaiwei 09:12, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image:MetadorLAW.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:MetadorLAW.jpg. Its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. Please leave a note on the image page about the source of the image. Thank you. — Sverdrup 16:29, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Melvinchen


text:
Apache Longbow

Apache Longbow may refer to:
 * Apache Longbow (video game), computer game released by Digital Integration
 * The AH-64D variant of the AH-64 Apache, a twin-engine attack helicopter

title: Apache Longbow


text:
Wilmington Blue Rocks

The Wilmington Blue Rocks are a Minor League Baseball team of the South Atlantic League and the High-A affiliate of the Washington Nationals. They are located in Wilmington, Delaware, and play their home games at Daniel S. Frawley Stadium.

Franchise history
The Blue Rocks played in the Carolina League, an advanced Single-A league in minor league baseball, from 1993 to 2020. The name "Blue Rocks" was chosen because of the blue granite found along the Brandywine River in Wilmington. The Blue Rocks play at Judy Johnson Field at Daniel S. Frawley Stadium in Wilmington's growing Riverfront district and was instrumental in bringing commerce and public attention to the once ignored and dilapidated area of the city.

The Blue Rocks played their first season in 1993 when the Peninsula Pilots were purchased and relocated to the riverfront in Wilmington, Delaware. Principal owner Frank Boulton and co-owner Bud Harrelson bought the franchise in 1992, moved the team from Hampton, Virginia, and changed their affiliation from the Seattle Mariners' farm system to the Kansas City Royals'. When the franchise moved to Wilmington in 1993, the ballpark was known as Legends Stadium, after the sports legends of Delaware. After Frawley, the Wilmington mayor who played a major role in the creation of the team, died while playing a recreational basketball game, the stadium was renamed Daniel S. Frawley Stadium in his honor.

The Blue Rocks were Kansas City farm team from their inception, except for the 2005 and 2006 seasons when the team was affiliated with the Boston Red Sox. In 2020, with the re-organization of the minor leagues, the Blue Rocks became an affiliate of the Washington Nationals.

In 2005, the Blue Rocks were featured in SportsCenter's 50 States in 50 Days. Matt Winer reported from a set in left field where SportsCenter did stories on the many mascots of the Blue Rocks. The Aug 19 game featuring SportsCenter drew the Blue Rocks' largest crowd in team history.

The Blue Rocks played host to the 2014 California/Carolina League All Star Game, having previously hosted the game last 12 years earlier in 2002. The California League All Stars ousted the Carolina League All Stars 3-2. Kyle Waldrop of the Bakersfield Blaze took home the game's MVP award.

On July 15, 2019, Jonathan Bowlan pitched the second no-hitter in franchise history against the Carolina Mudcats. He struck out nine batters, walking none on 97 pitches.

The Blue Rocks won the 2019 Mills Cup Championship for the first time since 1999, closing a five-game series with the Fayetteville Woodpeckers with a 2-0 victory on September 14, 2019.

In December 2020, the Blue Rocks were officially invited to become an affiliate of the Washington Nationals, joining the Nationals' minor league system beginning with the 2021 season. In further conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Blue Rocks were organized into the High-A East. In 2022, the High-A East became known as the South Atlantic League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization.

Players of note
More than 200 Blue Rocks have gone on to the major leagues, including All-Stars Carlos Beltrán, Lance Carter, Johnny Damon, Zack Greinke, Jon Lieber, Jed Lowrie, José Rosado, and Mike Sweeney. Other former Blue Rock players of note include:

 * Jeremy Affeldt
 * Carlos Beltran
 * Clay Buchholz
 * David DeJesus
 * Danny Duffy
 * Chad Durbin
 * Mark Ellis
 * Jacoby Ellsbury
 * Sal Fasano
 * Raúl González
 * Jed Lowrie
 * Whit Merrifield
 * Eric Hosmer
 * Sean Manaea
 * Mike Moustakas
 * Jake Odorizzi
 * Salvador Perez
 * Aníbal Sánchez
 * Brady Singer
 * Mike Sweeney
 * Michael Tucker

Retired numbers

 * 18 Johnny Damon
 * 33 Mike Sweeney
 * 36 Robin Roberts, played for the earlier Blue Rocks team
 * 42 Jackie Robinson (retired throughout baseball)

Mascots
The Blue Rocks have three mascots. Rocky Bluewinkle is a blue moose. Mr. Celery is a stalk of celery who comes out and dances to "Song 2" by Blur whenever Wilmington scores a run. Rubble is a giant blue rock.

title: Wilmington Blue Rocks


text:
Elmore Philpott

Captain Elmore Philpott (May 2, 1896 – December 9, 1964) was a Canadian politician and journalist. Philpott joined the Canadian military during World War I and was badly wounded – he needed two canes to help him walk for the rest of his life.

He was working as an editorial writer for the Toronto Globe when he ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party in its 1930 leadership convention. He lost badly to Mitchell Hepburn. The next year, he attempted to become a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario through a by-election, but was defeated.

In 1933, Philpott resigned from the Globe to join the new Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and was asked to lead a campaign organizing Clubs for the Ontario CCF. The CCF in Ontario was organized into three sections at the time: the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO), the Labour Conference made up of socialist and labour groups, and the CCF Clubs. Philpott became the president of the Ontario Association of CCF Clubs, one of the key leaders of the party in the province, and a popular stump speaker for the socialist cause.

After twenty months of intense work in the party, including leading a purge of communists, Philpott suddenly resigned in March 1934 as president of the Ontario CCF clubs, ostensibly because he was the UFO candidate for Halton in the upcoming federal election and the UFO had left the Ontario CCF over the purported influence of Communists. In March 1935, he announced he was rejoining the Liberal Party of Canada and was nominated as the Liberal candidate in the riding of York South for the 1935 election and proceeded to claim there was a "sinister conspiracy" to merge the CCF and the Communists with Communist Party head Tim Buck as leader of the new socialist party, a claim that Ontario CCF organizer Ted Jolliffe decried as a "fantastic fabrication". In the election, Philpott placed third behind the Conservative and CCF candidates.

Philpott returned to journalism and moved to British Columbia in the 1940s where he became a reporter and then a columnist for the Vancouver Sun. He ran as an Independent candidate in the federal by-election held in the riding of New Westminster in 1949, placing second behind the Liberal candidate.

He was finally elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 election as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Vancouver South. He was defeated in the 1957 election. He attempted to return to the House of Commons as a Liberal candidate in the 1958 general election in Vancouver South, and in the 1962 general election in Okanagan Boundary, but was badly defeated both times.

Philpott died in Vancouver in 1964.

title: Elmore Philpott


text:
Dilution of precision (navigation)

Dilution of precision (DOP), or geometric dilution of precision (GDOP), is a term used in satellite navigation and geomatics engineering to specify the error propagation as a mathematical effect of navigation satellite geometry on positional measurement precision.

Introduction
The concept of dilution of precision (DOP) originated with users of the Loran-C navigation system. The idea of geometric DOP is to state how errors in the measurement will affect the final state estimation. This can be defined as:

 * $$\operatorname{GDOP} = \frac{\Delta ( \text{output location} )}{\Delta ( \text{measured data} )}$$

Conceptually you can geometrically imagine errors on a measurement resulting in the $$\Delta ( \text{measured data} )$$ term changing. Ideally small changes in the measured data will not result in large changes in output location. The opposite of this ideal is the situation where the solution is very sensitive to measurement errors. The interpretation of this formula is shown in the figure to the right, showing two possible scenarios with acceptable and poor GDOP.

With the wide adoption of satellite navigation systems, the term has come into much wider usage. Neglecting ionospheric and tropospheric effects, the signal from navigation satellites has a fixed precision. Therefore, the relative satellite-receiver geometry plays a major role in determining the precision of estimated positions and times. Due to the relative geometry of any given satellite to a receiver, the precision in the pseudorange of the satellite translates to a corresponding component in each of the four dimensions of position measured by the receiver (i.e., $$x$$, $$y$$, $$z$$, and $$t$$). The precision of multiple satellites in view of a receiver combine according to the relative position of the satellites to determine the level of precision in each dimension of the receiver measurement. When visible navigation satellites are close together in the sky, the geometry is said to be weak and the DOP value is high; when far apart, the geometry is strong and the DOP value is low. Consider two overlapping rings, or annuli, of different centres. If they overlap at right angles, the greatest extent of the overlap is much smaller than if they overlap in near parallel. Thus a low DOP value represents a better positional precision due to the wider angular separation between the satellites used to calculate a unit's position. Other factors that can increase the effective DOP are obstructions such as nearby mountains or buildings.

DOP can be expressed as a number of separate measurements:
 * HDOP: Horizontal dilution of precision
 * VDOP: Vertical dilution of precision
 * PDOP: Position (3D) dilution of precision
 * TDOP: Time dilution of precision
 * GDOP: Geometric dilution of precision

These values follow mathematically from the positions of the usable satellites. Signal receivers allow the display of these positions (skyplot) as well as the DOP values.

The term can also be applied to other location systems that employ several geographical spaced sites. It can occur in electronic-counter-counter-measures (electronic warfare) when computing the location of enemy emitters (radar jammers and radio communications devices). Using such an interferometry technique can provide certain geometric layout where there are degrees of freedom that cannot be accounted for due to inadequate configurations.

The effect of geometry of the satellites on position error is called geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) and it is roughly interpreted as ratio of position error to the range error. Imagine that a square pyramid is formed by lines joining four satellites with the receiver at the tip of the pyramid. The larger the volume of the pyramid, the better (lower) the value of GDOP; the smaller its volume, the worse (higher) the value of GDOP will be. Similarly, the greater the number of satellites, the better the value of GDOP.

Interpretation
The DOP factors are functions of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix of the parameters, expressed either in a global or a local geodetic frame.

Computation
As a first step in computing DOP, consider the unit vectors from the receiver to satellite $$i$$:
 * $$\begin{align}

&\left(\frac{x_i - x}{R_i}, \frac{y_i - y}{R_i}, \frac{z_i - z}{R_i}\right), & R_i &= \sqrt{(x_i - x)^2 + (y_i - y)^2 + (z_i - z)^2} \end{align}$$

where $$x, y, z$$ denote the position of the receiver and $$x_i, y_i, z_i$$ denote the position of satellite i. Formulate the matrix, A, which (for 4 pseudorange measurement residual equations) is:
 * $$A = \begin{bmatrix}

\frac {x_1 - x} {R_1} & \frac {y_1 - y} {R_1} & \frac {z_1 - z} {R_1} & 1 \\ \frac {x_2 - x} {R_2} & \frac {y_2 - y} {R_2} & \frac {z_2 - z} {R_2} & 1 \\ \frac {x_3 - x} {R_3} & \frac {y_3 - y} {R_3} & \frac {z_3 - z} {R_3} & 1 \\ \frac {x_4 - x} {R_4} & \frac {y_4 - y} {R_4} & \frac {z_4 - z} {R_4} & 1 \end{bmatrix}$$

The first three elements of each row of A are the components of a unit vector from the receiver to the indicated satellite. The last element of each row refers to the partial derivative of pseudorange w.r.t. receiver's clock bias. Formulate the matrix, Q, as the covariance matrix resulting from the least-squares normal matrix:
 * $$Q = \left( A^\mathsf{T} A \right)^{-1}$$

In general:
 * $$Q = \left(J_\mathsf{x}^\mathsf{T} \left(J_{d} C_{d} J_{d}^\mathsf{T}\right)^{-1}J_{x}\right)^{-1}$$

where $$J_{x}$$ is the Jacobian of the sensor measurement residual equations $$f_{i}\left(\underline{x}, \underline{d}\right) = 0$$, with respect to the unknowns, $$\underline{x}$$; $$J_{d}$$ is the Jacobian of the sensor measurement residual equations with respect to the measured quantities $$\underline{d}$$, and $$C_{d}$$ is the correlation matrix for noise in the measured quantities.

For the preceding case of 4 range measurement residual equations: $$\underline{x} = (x, y, z, \tau)^\mathsf{T}$$, $$\underline{d} = \left(\tau_{1}, \tau_{2}, \tau_{3}, \tau_{4}\right)^\mathsf{T}$$, $$\tau = ct$$, $$\tau_{i} = ct_{i}$$, $$R_{i} = |\tau_{i} - \tau| = \sqrt{(\tau_{i} - \tau)^{2}}$$, $$f_{i}\left(\underline{x}, \underline{d}\right) = \sqrt{(x_{i} - x)^{2} + (y_{i} - y)^{2} + (z_{i} - z)^{2}} - \sqrt{(\tau_{i} - \tau )^{2}}$$, $$J_{x} = A$$, $$J_{d} = -I$$ and the measurement noises for the different $$\tau _{i}$$ have been assumed to be independent which makes $$C_{d} = I$$.

This formula for Q arises from applying best linear unbiased estimation to a linearized version of the sensor measurement residual equations about the current solution $$\Delta\underline{x} = -Q*\left(J_{x}^\mathsf{T}\left(J_{d}C_{d}J_{d}^\mathsf{T}\right)^{-1}f\right)$$, except in the case of B.L.U.E. $$C_{d}$$ is a noise covariance matrix rather than the noise correlation matrix used in DOP, and the reason DOP makes this substitution is to obtain a relative error. When $$C_{d}$$ is a noise covariance matrix, $$Q$$ is an estimate of the matrix of covariance of noise in the unknowns due to the noise in the measured quantities. It is the estimate obtained by the first-order second moment (F.O.S.M.) uncertainty quantification technique which was state of the art in the 1980s. In order for the F.O.S.M. theory to be strictly applicable, either the input noise distributions need to be Gaussian or the measurement noise standard deviations need to be small relative to rate of change in the output near the solution. In this context, the second criteria is typically the one that is satisfied.

This (i.e. for the 4 time of arrival/range measurement residual equations) computation is in accordance with [6] where the weighting matrix, $$P = \left(J_{d}C_{d}J_{d}^\mathsf{T}\right)^{-1}$$ happens to simplify down to the identity matrix.

Note that P only simplifies down to the identity matrix because all the sensor measurement residual equations are time of arrival (pseudo range) equations. In other cases, for example when trying to locate someone broadcasting on an international distress frequency, $$P$$ would not simplify down to the identity matrix and in that case there would be a "frequency DOP" or FDOP component either in addition to or in place of the TDOP component. (Regarding "in place of the TDOP component": Since the clocks on the legacy International Cospas-Sarsat Programme LEO satellites are much less accurate than GPS clocks, discarding their time measurements would actually increase the geolocation solution accuracy.)

The elements of $$Q$$ are designated as:
 * $$Q = \begin{bmatrix}

\sigma_x^2   & \sigma_{xy}   & \sigma_{xz}   & \sigma_{xt}   \\ \sigma_{xy}  & \sigma_{y}^2  & \sigma_{yz}   & \sigma_{yt}   \\ \sigma_{xz}  & \sigma_{yz}   & \sigma_{z}^2  & \sigma_{zt}   \\ \sigma_{xt}  & \sigma_{yt}   & \sigma_{zt}   & \sigma_{t}^2 \end{bmatrix}$$

PDOP, TDOP, and GDOP are given by:
 * $$\begin{align}

\operatorname{PDOP} &= \sqrt{\sigma_x^2 + \sigma_y^2 + \sigma_z^2}\\ \operatorname{TDOP} &= \sqrt{\sigma_{t}^2}\\ \operatorname{GDOP} &= \sqrt{\operatorname{PDOP}^2 + \operatorname{TDOP}^2}\\ &= \sqrt{\operatorname{tr} Q}\\ \end{align}$$

Notice GDOP is the square root of the trace of the $$Q$$ matrix.

The horizontal and vertical dilution of precision,
 * $$\begin{align}

\operatorname{HDOP} &= \sqrt{\sigma_n^2 + \sigma_e^2} \\ \operatorname{VDOP} &= \sqrt{\sigma_u^2} \end{align}$$, are both dependent on the coordinate system used. To correspond to the local east-north-up coordinate system,

EDOP^2  x      x      x  x     NDOP^2   x      x  x       x    VDOP^2   x  x       x      x    TDOP^2

and the derived dilutions:
 * $$\begin{align}

\operatorname{GDOP} &= \sqrt{\operatorname{EDOP}^2 + \operatorname{NDOP}^2 + \operatorname{VDOP}^2 + \operatorname{TDOP}^2} \\ \operatorname{HDOP} &= \sqrt{\operatorname{EDOP}^2 + \operatorname{NDOP}^2} \\ \operatorname{PDOP} &= \sqrt{\operatorname{EDOP}^2 + \operatorname{NDOP}^2 + \operatorname{VDOP}^2} \end{align}$$

title: Dilution of precision (navigation)


text:
Yot

Yot or YOT may refer to:

 * Short I (Й й), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
 * Yot (letter), an alternate name for the letter J j in context of Greek script
 * Yotvata Airfield in Israel (IATA Code: YOT)
 * Youth Offending Team (YOT), in England and Wales, that monitors young offenders
 * Youth of Today, a youth crew/hardcore punk band from Connecticut
 * Yotti language (ISO 639-3 code: yot)
 * Yot, Song Khwae, Nan Province, Thailand

title: Yot