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Talk:Computational sociology

Actors and social change agents are of key importance. Roles, functions and even methods apply to social computation. (Any well formed term pair works either way IMO). Using object methods ( i.e. a totally neutral stance outside of the model) sociologists can observe without effecting the test case... or so it is presumed. Actually as in physics, no observation can be 100% removed from that which is observed. If this is even remotely true for elementary particles then how much more so of Human Beings?

The Unified Modeling Language has elaborate constructs to deal with such entity relationships as manager/worker, buyer/seller, lawyer/client, teacher/student and heaven forbid even master/slave. In the one-to-one world those relationships are fairly urbane. Certainly, they have been used in many 'data warehouse metamodels' and other 'object-oriented' database schemes. But Human Beans are not objects! They are Actors, agents or heaven again forbid subjects.

But what of say, the relationship between a local law enforcement group and a street gang. How do you squeeze this use case into a meaningful model? Now you have complex one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many dynamic heirarchies - relationships that will do their best to defy all standards, definitions, conventions, procedures, methods and everything else you throw at them. Yes Computational Sociology is a science of enormous complexity.

The first reference to "Simulation for the Social Scientist" (2nd ed.) refers to the title as an "on-line book". It's not. It's just an order form for a print book, though with some useful links to free software.

Adding academic links
I have added some academic links including department and centers that support related research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Atom888 (talk • contribs) 06:34, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Is this an encyclopedia article or a promotional pamphlet
This article reads too much like a promotional pamphlet. It is one thing to say "here is Computational Sociology, it is a branch of social science focusing on x and using y believing in z" and quite another to tell a story about how all social scientific progress to date using a computer led to the practices and approaches now used in this field. This sounds a lot like saying all the other fields miss the "truth boat" and is nonsense. Some of the discussion here would be better suited for a computational sociology society board of directors meeting for editing their website. 32TWMV 14 November 2018 —Preceding undated comment added 12:12, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

About the reference to the Club of Rome report
There's a reference to that report used to demonstrate the credibility of this kind of approach and why the focus shifted on micro simulations. It should be noted however, and it's less known, that the report proved to be very accurate indeed! The proof to that is the sequel published 30 years afterwards called "Limits to Growth: the 30-year update"

see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.169.55.245 (talk) 21:24, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

G'day, Good Robot Overlord .... um .... about your revert ....
Hi - I set the lede up for transclusion, but STiki didn't like it. If you don't mind too much, would you please ask STiki what I did wrong? And please do let STiki know I am very grateful for the WP:AGF. - Their Humble Servant; LeoRomero (talk) 23:43, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computational_sociology&type=revision&diff=693797001&oldid=693794667

Adding more information on Computational Sociology
The article does state the motivation behind Computational Sociology and also adds the History details quite comprehensively. However, there is not much in the article that can shed more light into the topic. I feel there can be new sections which talk about the latest trends, the current updates, the challenges, new opportunities etc. This will ensure that the article will be more informative and would be able to address a wider information need on the topic. Right now, if a person comes to the page, he/she would just be able to get a brief overview and history which may not be enough.

I believe the paper “Manifesto of computational social science” by Conte,Rosaria et al. would help in creating all the missing sections and improving the article. The paper does highlight topics like emerging trends, current implementation, challenges in Computational Sociology etc. It is also a paper from 2012, which is recent enough for our purposes. LijuGeorge (talk) 21:40, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
 * LijuGeorge, your suggested article is an appropriate and relevant article to cite here; however, first of all make sure, you integrate the article appropriately here using your own wordings of the article and also to make sure that the article here is not dominated by information from just one external source. Thanks Rostaf (talk) 01:19, 28 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Hello LijuGeorge,

 * This would be a great addition to the article. There is very little additional structure to the article, which only includes history right now.  When I was first navigating through through the page, I realized that there was a lack of information that could be very informative in the field that your proposal would bring to the table.  Your proposal to add more current information in the field is also very beneficial, being that the most recent part of the history section was from 2008, and there has been much advancement in this field since then.  The content you propose to add so far seems like it will make the article more content rich, and up to date, and should surely enhance the article and make it a better experience for the readers. Jshankroff (talk) 23:59, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

Proposal to add background section
This article is quite informative, but lacks key elements that would make this article more effective. To make the article more effective, I suggest the addition of a brief 250-500 word background section of the topic before going straight into the history component. Additionally, I will add at least one external source to provide support, which will be extracted from professional papers and articles in the field. This background section will give readers a better understanding of how the topic was introduced and some important general information about Computational Sociology. The structure of the article will be strengthened with the addition of a background because there are only two major sections to this topic, which are the lead section and the history section. This background section will be written using a more mellow language that will be easier to read for the reader since the majority of the article is written using advanced language and terminology that makes the reader have to use external links and sources to understand the content.

The reference that will support the background of this page, is an article by Mauricio Salgado and Nigel Gilbert called “Emergence and communication in computational sociology.” This article touches upon the emergence and importance of this topic within the last half century and it’s impact. They also provide additional information and theories that can support Computational Sociology. Jshankroff (talk) 21:47, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Hi Jshankroff! Your suggested article is a great choice! Please go ahead with that Rostaf (talk) 01:02, 28 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Hello Jshankroff,

 * That is definitely a good idea. I can relate to what you mentioned. When I first came to the page, I found it difficult to get a context on the topic as the article assumes that a reader already has a good understanding of Computational Sociology and its related topics. The lead section, even though informative for an initiated user, would not be able to provide every other audience an initial background of Computational Sociology and a context to explore the other sections. I hope the section that you suggest to add would address these issues and help a user to stay motivated on the topic.

 * I have also viewed the paper that you are using to support the background section and agree that it would help add relevant content.
 * Looking forward to it. LijuGeorge (talk) 13:42, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Computational sociology


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Herculândia

Herculândia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 9,588 (2020 est.) in an area of 364 km2. The elevation is 502 m.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1944.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Herculândia


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Holambra

Holambra (from the words Holland-America-Brazil) is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Holambra is the largest producer of flowers and ornamental plants in Latin America, also hosting the largest spring event in the continent, the Expoflora. The population is 15,272 (2020 est.) in an area of 65.58 km2. The elevation is 600m on average.

History
The colony Holambra and The Cooperativa Agropecuária de Holambra (Cattle Farming Cooperation of Holambra) were founded in 1948 by Catholic Dutch immigrants at the farm Fazenda Ribeirão, situated between the cities Jaguariúna, Santo Antonio de Posse, Artur Nogueira and Cosmópolis.

After the devastation caused by World War II, the Dutch government stimulated emigration to Australia, Brazil, Canada and France. Brazil was the only nation to allow the arrival of large groups of Catholics. With the consent of the Brazilian government, the Catholic Dutch Farmers and Market-gardeners Union (Dutch: Katholieke Nederlandse Boeren- en Tuindersbond) coordinated the emigration process.

A group of approximately 500 migrants from the province of North Brabant arrived in Brazil, establishing their first colony at the farm of Fazenda Ribeirão in the state of São Paulo. Holambra I was founded on July 14, 1948.

After a referendum in 1991 where 98% of the population voted in favor of political autonomy for the area, Holambra gained city status in January 1993.

Famous for its large production of flowers and plants and for the yearly event Expoflora, Holambra receives thousands of tourists each year. In April 1998 this fact was recognized as Holambra gained the status of Estância Turística, touristic location.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Amparo.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

title: Holambra


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Swampoodle Grounds

Swampoodle Grounds aka Capitol Park (II) was the home of the Washington Nationals baseball team of the National League from 1886 to 1889. The name refers to the one-time Swampoodle neighborhood of Washington.

The ballfield was located on a block bounded by North Capitol Street NE and tracks (west); F Street NE (south); Delaware Avenue NE (east); and G Street NE (north); a few blocks north of the Capitol building. Spectators faced toward the south and could see the Capitol dome. They could also see the McDowell and Sons Feed Mill, visible behind right field in the picture, and which was across F Street to the south.

The club moved a few blocks north, from Capitol Park (I) to the Swampoodle location, upon joining the National League. Local papers reported that the new grounds had more space and a more favorable lease. The papers often referred to the new grounds as Capitol Park, even as the previous Capitol Park was still in use, under the same name, for various types of entertainment. When referencing the previous park, the reports would general specify its location, to minimize possible confusion.

Portions of the site were eventually annexed as the site of the Union Station and of the Main Post Office, which is now the National Postal Museum.

Swampoodle Grounds held 6,000. The Washington Statesmen folded after the end of the 1889 season.

title: Swampoodle Grounds


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Talk:List of U.S. Army bases in North Carolina

For an October 2004 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/List of U.S. Army bases in North Carolina

I don't see any point in having a list that only has one item. Maurreen 00:32, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Sumter

Sumter may refer to:

Given name

 * Sumter S. Arnim (1904–1990), American dentist
 * Sumter de Leon Lowry Jr. (1893–1985), United States Army general

Surname

 * Rowendy Sumter (born 1988), Curaçaoan footballer
 * Shavonda E. Sumter (born 1974), American politician
 * Thomas Sumter (1734–1832), brigadier general during the American War of Independence
 * Thomas De Lage Sumter (1809–1874), American politician

Places

 * Fort Sumter, location of the first shots of the United States Civil War
 * Sumter, Georgia
 * Sumter, Nebraska
 * Sumter, South Carolina
 * Sumter National Forest
 * Sumter County, Alabama
 * Sumter County, Florida
 * Sumter County, Georgia
 * Sumter County, South Carolina
 * Sumter Township, McLeod County, Minnesota

Ships

 * CSS Sumter a Confederate Navy vessel in the American Civil War
 * USS Sumter (1862), the former CSS General Sumter, a cottonclad ram captured in 1862
 * USS Sumter (APA-52) (previously AP-97), an attack transport; formerly Iberville
 * USS Sumter (LST-1181), a tank landing ship
 * Sumter-class attack transport

title: Sumter


text: Template:PD-USGov-HHS-NIH

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Hortolândia

Hortolândia is a Brazilian municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas and the Mesoregion and Microregion of Campinas. It is located northwest of the state capital, about 110 km away. It is part of the São Paulo macrometropolis, which exceeds 29 million inhabitants and makes up approximately 75 percent of the state's population. The metropolitan regions of Campinas and São Paulo form the first megalopolis in the southern hemisphere. It is bordered by Sumaré, to the north; Monte Mor, to the south and west; and Campinas, to the east.

Hortolândia was founded in 1991, splitting from Sumaré, and the privileged location and proximity to major industrial centers in the country caused the municipality to undergo a rapid demographic and industrial development. Hortolândia is considered a technopole and has several high tech companies, including IBM. These activities make the city have the 76th largest nominal municipal GDP in Brazil, with BR$12.9 billion in 2017. Hortolândia has several campuses of renowned universities, such as the Federal Institute of São Paulo and the Adventist University Center of São Paulo.

Some of the city's main attractions are important green areas that provide space for sports and resting. There are also the cultural projects and events held by the Municipal Secretariat of Culture, the body responsible for projecting the cultural life of Hortolândia.

Origins
In 1798, lands were donated by the Portuguese Crown to José Teixeira Nogueira, an important mill owner in the region. He brought coffee for the first time to where the city of Hortolândia is today, whose work on the farms was based on slavery. After the slaves were freed, lands were donated to them, but stolen by an American doctor. Some areas were even renegotiated, but those that were made available did not favor coffee, so cotton, sugarcane and cattle breeding began to be grown. The place, which served as a stopping point for tropeiro, settlers and slaves, came to be called Jacuba (a Tupi-Guarani word meaning "hot water"), or the Sítio de Jacuba, since these travelers took advantage of the waters of the streams and the shade of the trees to rest and feed themselves. The settlement began to take utterance when the telegraph office was inaugurated in 1896. Later, in 1917, the Jacuba telegraph post became a railroad station. Only in 1947 did its growth begin, with the approval of the Ortolândia Park subdivision, owned by João Ortolan. In December 1953, the District of Santa Cruz, which Jacuba was part of, was split from Campinas to become the municipality of Sumaré; as such, Jacuba went from a village to a district.

On April 17, 1958, Jacuba became known as Hortolândia, on the occasion of a legislative proposal by state deputy Leôncio Ferraz Júnior. The proposal to change the name came about because a district with the name "Jacuba" already existed in the state of São Paulo in the town of Iacanga (which later became part of the town of Arealva).

In the mid-1920s, an industrialization process began in Sumaré, with tax incentives. An IBM factory was installed in the Hortolândia district, on the edge of the Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença. Other companies were attracted by the abundant land and tax incentives.

As a district
The beginning of the process of turning Hortolândia into a municipality originated in 1975, although this first attempt was unsuccessful because Hortolândia did not reach 5 thousandths of the state's tax revenue and also because the President of the Republic did not give the endorsement for separation.

In the 1980s, Hortolândia was responsible for most of Sumaré's tax collection, which exceeded 60%. Popular organization followed for the pro-separation movement. The residents wanted autonomy to define the future of Hortolândia, so they began to support creation of the municipality. In 1988, with the approval of the new constitution of Brazil, the interest in becoming an autonomous district surfaced in the community leaders of Hortolândia's neighborhoods and in the population. On December 21, 1990, the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo set a plebiscite to be held in May 1991. On May 17, 1991, 97.4% voted in favor of separation in the plebiscite,.

As a city
The municipality of Hortolândia is located in a strategic position, between major poles of development. Due to its privileged position, the region attracts large industrial organizations, besides being surrounded by large universities. The geographical location of the city is to the west of Campinas, bordering also the cities of Sumaré and Monte Mor. Hortolândia is the smallest municipality in the Campinas metropolitan area. The main river that cuts through the town is the Ribeirão Jacuba [ pt]. The city has benefited economically from being along the Rodovia Anhanguera, bordering Campinas, and being close to the Viracopos International Airport. More recently, a continuation of Rodovia dos Bandeirantes was implemented through the city, in the region of Jardim Amanda. This highway allowed important access to the municipality through the cloverleaf at the junction with Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença in an area near the IBM do Brasil company.

There is a visible conurbation between Campinas, Sumaré and Hortolândia, without a clear identification of the territorial limits of these municipalities. The socio-economic interdependence for these municipalities is an element of extreme importance in the elaboration of their plans and projects.

Relief and hydrography
The soil is formed by the decomposition of eruptive rocks, with low density drainage and soils varying from red to yellow latosols, suitable for mechanised agriculture. There are also sandy soils suitable for pastures and occasional crops. In some stretches the layers are sedimentary and the sandstone substrate makes the soil more impoverished, noticeably susceptible to erosion. These characteristics are more noticeable where the terrain is more wavy.

The hydrographic basin of the Piracicaba River, the basin in which Hortolândia and the region are located, covers the southeastern part of the state of São Paulo and the extreme south of Minas Gerais and is the main source of water extraction for consumption in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The main river that cuts through the municipality is Ribeirão Jacuba [ pt].

Climate
The Köppen climate classification of the region is humid subtropical climate (Cwa), with decreased rainfall in winter and an average annual temperature of 21.6 °C, having dry and mild winters (rarely too cold) and rainy summers with moderately high temperatures. The warmest month, February, has an average temperature of 24.5 °C, with a maximum average of 30.1 °C and a minimum of 18.9 °C. The coldest month, July, averages 17.8 °C, with a maximum average of 25.0 °C and a minimum average of 10.7 °C. Autumn and spring are transitional seasons.

The average annual rainfall is 1384.3 mm, with August being the driest month, when only 21.0 mm occurs. In January, the rainiest month, the average is 279.6 mm. In recent years, however, hot and dry days during winter have been increasingly frequent, often exceeding the 30 °C mark, especially between July and September. In August 2010, for example, there was no rain at all in the city. Dry seasons and Indian summers in the middle of the rainy season are also common records of bush fires, especially in the rural area of the city, which contributes to deforestation and the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, further damaging the air quality.

Ecology and environment
Most of the original vegetation that existed in the city in the Atlantic Forest was ravaged. Like 13 other municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, the city suffers a serious environmental stress, and Hortolândia, along with Santa Bárbara d'Oeste and Sumaré, is considered one of the most critical areas subject to flooding and silting, with less than 2% of vegetation. This is the result of a historical process of land use by monocultures such as coffee and cattle breeding.

To try to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being carried out and planned, such as the construction of wildlife corridors, despite the fact that the remaining forest fragments suffer continuously from the pressure of irregular urban settlements. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of the riparian forests and an environmental protection area is being created to contain the conurbation with neighboring cities. Four environmental parks have also been created, which are natural reserves that still provide visitors and schools with environmental awareness programs.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Hortolândia


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Eclogite

Eclogite is a metamorphic rock containing garnet (almandine-pyrope) hosted in a matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene (omphacite). Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum and, rarely, diamond. The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals is used to classify three types of eclogite (A, B, and C). The broad range of eclogitic compositions has led to a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as subducted, altered oceanic crust.

The name eclogite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for 'choice', meaning 'chosen rock' on account of its perceived beauty. It was first named by René Just Haüy in 1822 in the second edition of his work Traité de mineralogie.

Origins
Eclogites typically result from high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of mafic rock at low thermal gradients of <10 C/km as it is subducted to the lower crust to upper mantle depths in a subduction zone.

Classification
Eclogites are defined as bi-mineralic, broadly basaltic rocks which have been classified into Groups A, B and C based on the chemistry of their primary mineral phases, garnet and clinopyroxene. The classification distinguishes each group based on the jadeite content of clinopyroxene and pyrope in garnet. The rocks are gradationally less mafic (as defined by SiO2 and MgO) from group A to C, where the least mafic Group C contains higher alkali contents.

The transitional nature between groups A, B and C correlates with their mode of emplacement at the surface. Group A derive from cratonic regions of Earth's crust, brought to the surface as xenoliths from depths greater than 150 km during kimberlite eruptions. Group B show strong compositional overlap with Group A, but are found as lenses or pods surrounded by peridotitic mantle material. Group C are commonly found between layers of mica or glaucophane schist, primarily exemplified by the New Caledonia tectonic block off the coast of California.

Surface versus mantle origin
The broad range in composition has led a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as either mantle or surface derived, where the latter is associated with the gabbro to eclogite transition as a major driving force for subduction.

Group A eclogite xenoliths remain the most enigmatic in terms of their origin due to metasomatic overprinting of their original composition. Models proposing a primary surface origin as seafloor protoliths strongly rely on the wide range in oxygen isotope composition, which overlaps with obducted oceanic crust, such as the Ibra section of the Samail ophiolite. The variation found in some eclogite xenoliths at the Roberts Victor kimberlite pipe are a result of hydrothermal alteration of basalt on the seafloor. This process is attributed to both low- and high-temperature seawater exchange, resulting in large fractionations in oxygen isotope space relative to the upper mantle value typical of mid ocean ridge basalt glasses. Other mechanisms proposed for the origin of Group A eclogite xenoliths rely on a cumulate model, where garnet and clinopyroxene bulk compositions derive from residues of partial melting within the mantle. Support of this process is result of metasomatic overprinting of the original oxygen isotope composition, driving them back towards the mantle range.

Eclogite facies
This facies reflects metamorphism at high pressure (at or over 12kbar) and moderately high to very high temperatures. The pressures exceed those of greenschist, blueschist, amphibolite or granulite facies.

Eclogites containing lawsonite (a hydrous calcium-aluminium silicate) are rarely exposed at Earth's surface, although they are predicted from experiments and thermal models to form during normal subduction of oceanic crust at depths between about 45-300 km.

Formation of igneous rocks from eclogite
Partial melting of eclogite has been modeled to produce tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite melts. Eclogite-derived melts may be common in the mantle, and contribute to volcanic regions where unusually large volumes of magma are erupted. The eclogite melt may then react with enclosing peridotite to produce pyroxenite, which in turn melts to produce basalt.

Distribution
Occurrences exist in western North America, including the southwest and the Franciscan Formation of the California Coast Ranges. Transitional granulite-eclogite facies granitoid, felsic volcanics, mafic rocks and granulites occur in the Musgrave Block of the Petermann Orogeny, central Australia. Coesite- and glaucophane-bearing eclogites have been found in the northwestern Himalaya. The oldest coesite-bearing eclogites are about 650 and 620 million years old and they are located in Brazil and Mali, respectively.

title: Eclogite


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File:The Doobie Brothers - What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits.jpg

Summary
The Doobie Brothers "What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits" album cover


text:
User:Vetta2

Hy, I am Vetta Von Visaak, from Oslo, Norway.

title: User:Vetta2


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User talk:Vetta2

Hi Vetta2, I deleted the pointless redirect from this page that some vandal created. Welcome to Wikipedia! Cheers, jni 06:44, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vetta2


text:
User talk:80.197.60.19

Skov, your article is obviously going to get deleted (see the "Votes for Deletion" tag on it) because it's not appropriate as an encyclopedia article. Please note that you are most welcome to register as a Wikipedia user and put the same information on your userpage instead! Best wishes, --Bishonen 00:38, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.197.60.19


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User:Mirkon

Mirkon is a Mac user, a Nintendo enthusiast, and a student at DigiPen in Redmond, Washington. He has existed offline since February 27, 1986, and online for an indeterminate amount of time.

Some have speculated that the name 'Mirkon' arose from Mirkwood Forest (Lord of the Rings), others from a kind of sandpaper. Few know the true origin of the name: Diablo.

"What's a good name for a sorcerer? Merlin? It's been done. Mulan?  No, no. Mirkon?  Bingo!"

Mirkon also sometimes goes by the name ConfusedGuy.

title: User:Mirkon


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What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits

What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Doobie Brothers. The album was released on February 1, 1974, by Warner Bros. Records.

Recording and content
Tom Johnston's "Another Park, Another Sunday" was the album's first single. "It's about losing a girl," stated Johnston. "I wrote the chords and played it on acoustic, and then Ted [Templeman] had some ideas for it, like running the acoustic guitar through a Leslie." The song did moderately well on the charts, peaking at No. 32. Record World said that it was "more melodic and easy-tempoed [than previous Doobie Brothers' hits], in tune with the pastoral weekend setting."

The second single released was "Eyes of Silver", another Johnston-penned tune. According to him, "Wordwise, that one really isn't that spectacular. I wrote them at the last minute." Cash Box said that it was "very similar to their smash 'Listen To The Music and "features every lick the Doobies have featured in their great patented sound". Record World said that the group was "back into their chuggin' folk-rock groove, fitting more easily into their 'Listen to the Music' bag". That song did not have much success on the charts either, peaking at only No. 52.

Grasping for chart action, Warner Brothers re-released the band's first single, "Nobody", backed with Tiran Porter's instrumental "Flying Cloud". This release was soon overshadowed when radio stations discovered "Black Water". Other stations joined in and the song was officially released as a single that went on to sell over a million copies and became the Doobie Brothers' first No. 1 hit. "Black Water" had been featured as the B-side of "Another Park, Another Sunday" eight months earlier.

Artwork
The unusual lettering on the album cover was suggested by drummer John Hartman after visiting his high school alma mater, J.E.B. Stuart in Falls Church, Virginia. The school's newspaper, Raiders Digest, had just changed its masthead to include those stylized fonts. The cover photo is by Dan Fong, their touring Media Coordinator. The cover photo was taken at a concert on December 4, 1973, at E.A. Diddle Arena, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He also did the cover photo for their album Takin' It to the Streets.

Personnel

 * The Doobie Brothers
 * Tom Johnston – acoustic and electric guitars, lead and backing vocals
 * Patrick Simmons – acoustic and electric guitars, lead and backing vocals
 * Tiran Porter – bass, backing vocals
 * John Hartman – drums, percussion
 * Michael Hossack – drums
 * Keith Knudsen – drums (credit only), backing vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Jeff "Skunk" Baxter – pedal steel guitar on "Tell Me What You Want"
 * Bill Payne – organ on "Song to See You Through" and "Eyes of Silver", piano on "Pursuit on 53rd St.", clavinet on "You Just Can't Stop It"
 * James Booker – piano on "Down in the Track"
 * Arlo Guthrie – autoharp on "Tell Me What You Want"
 * Eddie Guzman – congas on "Road Angel", "You Just Can't Stop It" and "Daughters of the Sea", timbales on "Daughters of the Sea", and various other percussion instruments
 * Milt Holland – tabla on "Tell Me What You Want", vibraphone on "Black Water", "Tell Me What You Want" and "Another Park, Another Sunday", marimba and pandeiro on "Daughters of the Sea", and various other percussion instruments
 * The Memphis Horns - horns on "Song to See You Through", "Eyes of Silver" and "You Just Can't Stop It"
 * Wayne Jackson – trumpet
 * Andrew Love – tenor saxophone
 * James Mitchell – baritone saxophone
 * Jack Hale – trombone
 * Novi Novog – viola on "Spirit" and "Black Water"
 * Ted Templeman – additional percussion
 * uncredited – synthesizer on "Flying Cloud"

 * Production
 * Producer: Ted Templeman
 * Production Coordination: Benita Brazier, The Doobie Brothers
 * Engineer: Donn Landee, Lee Herschberg
 * Mastering: Lee Herschberg
 * Horn Arrangements: Andrew Love and Wayne Jackson with the Memphis Horns
 * Cover Design and Art Direction: Chas Barbour
 * Photography: Dan Fong

title: What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits


text:
Category:Chennai

Chennai (சென்னை), formerly known in English as Madras, is a sprawling port city on the shores of the Coromandel Coast and Bay of Bengal in South India. It is one of the major metropolitan cities of India, and is the capital of Tamil Nadu state.

title: Category:Chennai


text: File:The Disquieting Muses.jpg

title: File:The Disquieting Muses.jpg


text:
Free electron model

In solid-state physics, the free electron model is a quantum mechanical model for the behaviour of charge carriers in a metallic solid. It was developed in 1927, principally by Arnold Sommerfeld, who combined the classical Drude model with quantum mechanical Fermi–Dirac statistics and hence it is also known as the Drude–Sommerfeld model.

Given its simplicity, it is surprisingly successful in explaining many experimental phenomena, especially
 * the Wiedemann–Franz law which relates electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity;
 * the temperature dependence of the electron heat capacity;
 * the shape of the electronic density of states;
 * the range of binding energy values;
 * electrical conductivities;
 * the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric effect;
 * thermal electron emission and field electron emission from bulk metals.

The free electron model solved many of the inconsistencies related to the Drude model and gave insight into several other properties of metals. The free electron model considers that metals are composed of a quantum electron gas where ions play almost no role. The model can be very predictive when applied to alkali and noble metals.

Ideas and assumptions
In the free electron model four main assumptions are taken into account:
 * Free electron approximation: The interaction between the ions and the valence electrons is mostly neglected, except in boundary conditions. The ions only keep the charge neutrality in the metal. Unlike in the Drude model, the ions are not necessarily the source of collisions.
 * Independent electron approximation: The interactions between electrons are ignored. The electrostatic fields in metals are weak because of the screening effect.
 * Relaxation-time approximation: There is some unknown scattering mechanism such that the electron probability of collision is inversely proportional to the relaxation time $$\tau$$, which represents the average time between collisions. The collisions do not depend on the electronic configuration.
 * Pauli exclusion principle: Each quantum state of the system can only be occupied by a single electron. This restriction of available electron states is taken into account by Fermi–Dirac statistics (see also Fermi gas). Main predictions of the free-electron model are derived by the Sommerfeld expansion of the Fermi–Dirac occupancy for energies around the Fermi level.

The name of the model comes from the first two assumptions, as each electron can be treated as free particle with a respective quadratic relation between energy and momentum.

The crystal lattice is not explicitly taken into account in the free electron model, but a quantum-mechanical justification was given a year later (1928) by Bloch's theorem: an unbound electron moves in a periodic potential as a free electron in vacuum, except for the electron mass me becoming an effective mass m* which may deviate considerably from me (one can even use negative effective mass to describe conduction by electron holes). Effective masses can be derived from band structure computations that were not originally taken into account in the free electron model.

From the Drude model
Many physical properties follow directly from the Drude model, as some equations do not depend on the statistical distribution of the particles. Taking the classical velocity distribution of an ideal gas or the velocity distribution of a Fermi gas only changes the results related to the speed of the electrons.

Mainly, the free electron model and the Drude model predict the same DC electrical conductivity σ for Ohm's law, that is
 * $$\mathbf{J} = \sigma \mathbf{E}\quad$$ with $$\quad\sigma = \frac{ne^2\tau}{m_e},$$

where $$\mathbf{J}$$ is the current density, $$\mathbf{E}$$ is the external electric field, $$n$$ is the electronic density (number of electrons/volume), $$\tau$$ is the mean free time and $$e$$ is the electron electric charge.

Other quantities that remain the same under the free electron model as under Drude's are the AC susceptibility, the plasma frequency, the magnetoresistance, and the Hall coefficient related to the Hall effect.

Properties of an electron gas
Many properties of the free electron model follow directly from equations related to the Fermi gas, as the independent electron approximation leads to an ensemble of non-interacting electrons. For a three-dimensional electron gas we can define the Fermi energy as
 * $$E_{\rm F} = \frac{\hbar^2}{2m_e}\left(3\pi^2n\right)^\frac{2}{3},$$

where $$\hbar$$ is the reduced Planck constant. The Fermi energy defines the energy of the highest energy electron at zero temperature. For metals the Fermi energy is in the order of units of electronvolts above the free electron band minimum energy.

Density of states
The 3D density of states (number of energy states, per energy per volume) of a non-interacting electron gas is given by:
 * $$g(E) = \frac{m_e}{\pi^2\hbar^3}\sqrt{2m_eE} = \frac{3}{2}\frac{n}{E_{\rm F}}\sqrt{\frac{E}{E_{\rm F}}},$$

where $E \geq 0$ is the energy of a given electron. This formula takes into account the spin degeneracy but does not consider a possible energy shift due to the bottom of the conduction band. For 2D the density of states is constant and for 1D is inversely proportional to the square root of the electron energy.

Fermi level
The chemical potential $$\mu$$ of electrons in a solid is also known as the Fermi level and, like the related Fermi energy, often denoted $$E_{\rm F}$$. The Sommerfeld expansion can be used to calculate the Fermi level ($$T>0$$) at higher temperatures as:
 * $$E_{\rm F}(T) = E_{\rm F}(T=0) \left[1 - \frac{\pi ^2}{12} \left(\frac{T}{T_{\rm F}}\right) ^2 - \frac{\pi^4}{80} \left(\frac{T}{T_{\rm F}}\right)^4 + \cdots \right], $$

where $$T$$ is the temperature and we define $T_{\rm F} = E_{\rm F}/k_{\rm B}$ as the Fermi temperature ($$k_{\rm B}$$ is Boltzmann constant). The perturbative approach is justified as the Fermi temperature is usually of about 105 K for a metal, hence at room temperature or lower the Fermi energy $$E_{\rm F}(T=0)$$ and the chemical potential $$E_{\rm F}(T>0)$$ are practically equivalent.

Compressibility of metals and degeneracy pressure
The total energy per unit volume (at $T = 0$ ) can also be calculated by integrating over the phase space of the system, we obtain
 * $$u(0) = \frac{3}{5}nE_{\rm F},$$

which does not depend on temperature. Compare with the energy per electron of an ideal gas: $\frac{3}{2}k_{\rm B}T$, which is null at zero temperature. For an ideal gas to have the same energy as the electron gas, the temperatures would need to be of the order of the Fermi temperature. Thermodynamically, this energy of the electron gas corresponds to a zero-temperature pressure given by
 * $$P = -\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial V}\right)_{T,\mu} = \frac{2}{3}u(0),$$

where $V$ is the volume and $U(T) = u(T) V$  is the total energy, the derivative performed at temperature and chemical potential constant. This pressure is called the electron degeneracy pressure and does not come from repulsion or motion of the electrons but from the restriction that no more than two electrons (due to the two values of spin) can occupy the same energy level. This pressure defines the compressibility or bulk modulus of the metal
 * $$B = -V\left(\frac{\partial P}{\partial V}\right)_{T,\mu} = \frac{5}{3}P = \frac{2}{3}nE_{\rm F}.$$

This expression gives the right order of magnitude for the bulk modulus for alkali metals and noble metals, which show that this pressure is as important as other effects inside the metal. For other metals the crystalline structure has to be taken into account.

Magnetic response
According to the Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem, a classical system at thermodynamic equilibrium cannot have a magnetic response. The magnetic properties of matter in terms of a microscopic theory are purely quantum mechanical. For an electron gas, the total magnetic response is paramagnetic and its magnetic susceptibility given by
 * $$\chi=\frac{2}{3}\mu_0\mu_\mathrm{B}^2g(E_\mathrm{F}),$$

where $\mu_0$ is the vacuum permittivity and the $\mu_{\rm B}$  is the Bohr magneton. This value results from the competition of two contributions: a diamagnetic contribution (known as Landau's diamagnetism) coming from the orbital motion of the electrons in the presence of a magnetic field, and a paramagnetic contribution (Pauli's paramagnetism). The latter contribution is three times larger in absolute value than the diamagnetic contribution and comes from the electron spin, an intrinsic quantum degree of freedom that can take two discrete values and it is associated to the electron magnetic moment.

Heat capacity
One open problem in solid-state physics before the arrival of quantum mechanics was to understand the heat capacity of metals. While most solids had a constant volumetric heat capacity given by Dulong–Petit law of about $$3nk_{\rm B}$$at large temperatures, it did correctly predict its behavior at low temperatures. In the case of metals that are good conductors, it was expected that the electrons contributed also the heat capacity.

The classical calculation using Drude's model, based on an ideal gas, provides a volumetric heat capacity given by
 * $$c^\text{Drude}_V = \frac{3}{2}nk_{\rm B}$$.

If this was the case, the heat capacity of a metals should be 1.5 of that obtained by the Dulong–Petit law.

Nevertheless, such a large additional contribution to the heat capacity of metals was never measured, raising suspicions about the argument above. By using Sommerfeld's expansion one can obtain corrections of the energy density at finite temperature and obtain the volumetric heat capacity of an electron gas, given by:
 * $$c_V=\left(\frac{\partial u}{\partial T}\right)_{n}=\frac{\pi^2}{2}\frac{T}{T_{\rm F}} nk_{\rm B}$$,

where the prefactor to $$nk_B$$is considerably smaller than the 3/2 found in $c^{\text{Drude}}_V$, about 100 times smaller at room temperature and much smaller at lower $T$.

Evidently, the electronic contribution alone does not predict the Dulong–Petit law, i.e. the observation that the heat capacity of a metal is still constant at high temperatures. The free electron model can be improved in this sense by adding the contribution of the vibrations of the crystal lattice. Two famous quantum corrections include the Einstein solid model and the more refined Debye model. With the addition of the latter, the volumetric heat capacity of a metal at low temperatures can be more precisely written in the form,
 * $$c_V\approx\gamma T + AT^3$$,

where $$\gamma$$ and $$A$$ are constants related to the material. The linear term comes from the electronic contribution while the cubic term comes from Debye model. At high temperature this expression is no longer correct, the electronic heat capacity can be neglected, and the total heat capacity of the metal tends to a constant given by the Dulong–petit law.

Mean free path
Notice that without the relaxation time approximation, there is no reason for the electrons to deflect their motion, as there are no interactions, thus the mean free path should be infinite. The Drude model considered the mean free path of electrons to be close to the distance between ions in the material, implying the earlier conclusion that the diffusive motion of the electrons was due to collisions with the ions. The mean free paths in the free electron model are instead given by $\lambda=v_{\rm F}\tau$ (where $v_{\rm F}=\sqrt{2E_{\rm F}/m_e}$  is the Fermi speed) and are in the order of hundreds of ångströms, at least one order of magnitude larger than any possible classical calculation. The mean free path is then not a result of electron–ion collisions but instead is related to imperfections in the material, either due to defects and impurities in the metal, or due to thermal fluctuations.

Thermal conductivity and thermopower
While Drude's model predicts a similar value for the electric conductivity as the free electron model, the models predict slightly different thermal conductivities.

The thermal conductivity is given by $$\kappa=c_V \tau\langle v^2\rangle/3 $$ for free particles, which is proportional to the heat capacity and the mean free path which depend on the model ($$\langle v^2\rangle^{1/2} $$ is the mean (square) speed of the electrons or the Fermi speed in the case of the free electron model). This implies that the ratio between thermal and electric conductivity is given by the Wiedemann–Franz law,

 * $$\frac \kappa \sigma = \frac{m_{\rm e}c_V \langle v^2 \rangle }{3n e^2} = L T$$

where $$L $$ is the Lorenz number, given by

 * $$L=\left\{\begin{matrix}\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{k_{\rm B}}{e}\right)^2\;, & \text{Drude}\\

\displaystyle\frac{\pi^2}{3}\left(\frac{k_{\rm B}}{e}\right)^2\;,&\text{free electron model.} \end{matrix}\right.$$

The free electron model is closer to the measured value of $$L=2.44\times10^{-8} $$ V2/K2 while the Drude prediction is off by about half the value, which is not a large difference. The close prediction to the Lorenz number in the Drude model was a result of the classical kinetic energy of electron being about 100 smaller than the quantum version, compensating the large value of the classical heat capacity.

However, Drude's mode predicts the wrong order of magnitude for the Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), which relates the generation of a potential difference by applying a temperature gradient across a sample $$\nabla V =-S \nabla T$$. This coefficient can be showed to be $$S=-{c_{\rm V}}/{|ne|}$$, which is just proportional to the heat capacity, so the Drude model predicts a constant that is hundred times larger than the value of the free electron model. While the latter get as coefficient that is linear in temperature and provides much more accurate absolute values in the order of a few tens of μV/K at room temperature. However this models fails to predict the sign change of the thermopower in lithium and noble metals like gold and silver.

Inaccuracies and extensions
The free electron model presents several inadequacies that are contradicted by experimental observation. We list some inaccuracies below:
 * Temperature dependence: The free electron model presents several physical quantities that have the wrong temperature dependence, or no dependence at all like the electrical conductivity. The thermal conductivity and specific heat are well predicted for alkali metals at low temperatures, but fails to predict high temperature behaviour coming from ion motion and phonon scattering.
 * Hall effect and magnetoresistance: The Hall coefficient has a constant value $R_{H} = –1/|ne|$ in Drude's model and in the free electron model. This value is independent of temperature and the strength of the magnetic field. The Hall coefficient is actually dependent on the band structure and the difference with the model can be quite dramatic when studying elements like magnesium and aluminium that have a strong magnetic field dependence. The free electron model also predicts that the traverse magnetoresistance, the resistance in the direction of the current, does not depend on the strength of the field. In almost all the cases it does.
 * Directional: The conductivity of some metals can depend of the orientation of the sample with respect to the electric field. Sometimes even the electrical current is not parallel to the field. This possibility is not described because the model does not integrate the crystallinity of metals, i.e. the existence of a periodic lattice of ions.
 * Diversity in the conductivity: Not all materials are electrical conductors, some do not conduct electricity very well (insulators), some can conduct when impurities are added like semiconductors. Semimetals, with narrow conduction bands also exist. This diversity is not predicted by the model and can only by explained by analysing the valence and conduction bands. Additionally, electrons are not the only charge carriers in a metal, electron vacancies or holes can be seen as quasiparticles carrying positive electric charge. Conduction of holes leads to an opposite sign for the Hall and Seebeck coefficients predicted by the model.

Other inadequacies are present in the Wiedemann–Franz law at intermediate temperatures and the frequency-dependence of metals in the optical spectrum.

More exact values for the electrical conductivity and Wiedemann–Franz law can be obtained by softening the relaxation-time approximation by appealing to the Boltzmann transport equations.

The exchange interaction is totally excluded from this model and its inclusion can lead to other magnetic responses like ferromagnetism.

An immediate continuation to the free electron model can be obtained by assuming the empty lattice approximation, which forms the basis of the band structure model known as the nearly free electron model.

Adding repulsive interactions between electrons does not change very much the picture presented here. Lev Landau showed that a Fermi gas under repulsive interactions, can be seen as a gas of equivalent quasiparticles that slightly modify the properties of the metal. Landau's model is now known as the Fermi liquid theory. More exotic phenomena like superconductivity, where interactions can be attractive, require a more refined theory.

title: Free electron model


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bloomingdale High School

Bloomingdale High School
Non-notable high school. Created by troll User:Haydes. RickK 00:46, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Daniel C. Boyer 17:21, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: BEEFSTEW rating of 0/10. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob  Doe ]] 01:53, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable. jni 07:04, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article does not establish notability. Average Earthman 08:23, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of notability.  SWAdair | Talk  10:21, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. To point out some absurdity, this school has nearly 3000 students, while GNAA has 40 "members" and that, apparently, is a borderline case. To have so many students automatically establishes local notability, in my opinion. Everyking 13:23, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, will you step up to the plate and write an article about this school? Your VfD votes suggest that you think high schools are interesting, yet your user page does not suggest that you are, in fact, writing articles about high schools. If the people who are interested in high schools do not write articles about them, who is going to write them? A stub has no value in itself. Writing a stub implies a commitment to expanding it if nobody else does; see The perfect stub article. Advocating keeping a stub ought to imply the same commitment. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:34, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A stub has plenty of value in itself. I have some stubs listed on the user page you refer to; would you mind nominating some of those for deletion if you feel that they are worthless? And even though quantum mechanics is uninteresting to me, I'd still emphatically vote to keep the article. Everyking 17:16, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Dpbsmith, remember that even a very well written article doesn't make a topic noteworthy. Schools need to meet a high bar to be on here, even if we had some professor of history writing pages and pages of wonderful articles on each one. Delete --Improv 21:54, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability and is of low quality. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:34, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete all of these school substubs. Slow as the servers are, I'll be here for an hour voting on each of them individually. :^)  FWIW, it wouldn't break my heart to see that GNAA article deleted...but that's a vote for another day.  Back to work... - Lucky 6.9 16:29, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete trollstub. Postdlf 21:44, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete
 * Keep. Famous high school. anthony (see warning) 22:10, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Famous for what? Prove it. Average Earthman 13:31, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I live in the same county as this school. It is definitely not famous, not even locally. Delete. Gamaliel 08:44, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How would you suggest I go about proving that a school is famous? It doesn't matter anyway, because a school doesn't have to be famous to be kept. anthony (see warning) 14:30, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If it is indeed famous, finding a couple of news articles about the school shouldn't be a problem. Gamaliel 20:44, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * And if I find a couple of news articles will you admit that it's famous? anthony (see warning) 06:20, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If these articles indicate that Bloomindgale is indeed famous for something, sure, I will reconsider. I'm curious how a famous school could escape such noteriety in its own community, however. Gamaliel 17:32, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability isn't necessarily a function of the number of individuals involved. RadicalSubversiv E 23:03, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Intrigue 18:11, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete: too short makes ugly and boring articles - see Blake school Mozzerati 21:48, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)
 * Delete: Unless Wikipedia is going to catalogue every school in the world, pages for non-notable schools are much like vanity pages - note also that anthony has copied the page to Valrico, Florida. In my opinion this should be deleted, unless anthony intends to add all of the schools in Valrico, Florida to the page. --Constantine Evans 21:09, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * He's also done this to Tampa, Florida as well. Gamaliel 21:23, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:57, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blake High School

Blake High School
Non-notable high school. Created by troll User:Haydes. RickK 00:46, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: BEEFSTEW rating of 0/10. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob  Doe ]] 01:53, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable. jni 07:02, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Currently a pointless article. Average Earthman 08:22, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of notability.  SWAdair | Talk  10:24, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Average Earthman and other reasons stated.  What's a "C" rating and why should anyone care?  Apparently, the individual responsible for these may in fact be trolling if you take a look at his user page. - Lucky 6.9 16:18, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * From the Florida Department of Education; see Armwood_High_School.
 * Delete - User shold be banned, and is (IMO) beginning to approach the status of the B-Movie Bandit. ClockworkTroll 17:20, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Considering the first things Haydes created were recreations of B Movie Bandit articles I had JUST deleted, I think this IS the B Movie Bandit. RickK 18:06, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable school. Got a "C" in what?   — Gwalla | Talk 18:17, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete trollstub. I came to the same conclusion as RickK.  Postdlf 21:41, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schools need to meet a high bar to be noteworthy. --Improv 21:52, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. High school. anthony (see warning) 22:08, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I went to Blake.  It's utterly non-notable. Gamaliel 02:33, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe we should note it as the most non-notable school. anthony (see warning) 19:56, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Intrigue 18:11, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete: high schools aren't shouldn't be treated as notable unless someone writes something notable about them. If people want to have all high schools listed (not a bad idea) then a single page for each area (approx 20M people) with a list of schools and a summary about each will do fine.  A separate, almost empty, page for each is ugly and boring. Mozzerati 21:45, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC) Mozzerati 13:59, 2004 Oct 9 (UTC)
 * Wow. You think that a high school doesn't become notable until some Wikipedian writes about it?  That's a very strange position. anthony (see warning) 03:24, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's slightly misphased I must admit, but the logic is simple. School's are sometimes notable for who they have schooled, occasionally for what they have done (new techniques, continuity through war etc.) etc.  If the school is notable but that information isn't there then the article is worse than useless (misleading and uninteresting, unlikely to inspire further research).  If the information isn't there because it doesn't exist then the article is a waste of space.  Space matters not becuase of disk space, but because uninteresting useless material has a cost: looking at random pages becomes more boring, tracking other peoples changes becomes more difficult (nobody knows much about uninteresting, useless topics) etc.  To be worth keeping the article must show that the school is notable.  Now that that's addressed, how about the other bit of my argument?  Isn't a list per area a good way of storing this information?  Mozzerati
 * As long as redirects are kept, I don't see the problem with merging multiple school articles into one page. Personally I think the city pages are more appropriate in most cases, but it doesn't really matter that much.  On the other hand, I don't see how this addresses your second point.  Changes would still have to be tracked.  And the "problem" of random page should be addressed directly.  Random page is already boring.  It should be tweaked somehow to address this.  Perhaps we could have random page work with the category system, so you could set random page to include or disinclude certain categories.  I don't know, because personally I don't care about random page.
 * By the way, your vote does not reflect your argument. If we delete this page, then the information isn't kept somewhere else.  "move to Education in Tampa, Florida Education in Florida" would be a vote which would reflect that.  anthony (see warning) 14:21, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't believe this will be an important (or should I say "notable" :-) part of a Florida education page, just an illustratative example. I don't think it's worth keeping just in case someone starts that page and remembers to merge.  However, my vote is conditional.  If someone starts an Education in Florida page which is more than a stub amd where this text could help then I am likely to change support merging to that.  That page should cover: age ranges in different schools; percentage leaving to higher education; history; policy on curriculum; policy on sports; policy on sex education; etc.  there are probably good places to start here  and  Mozzerati
 * There's not enough time to start a page on Education in Florida which isn't a stub. I agree with you it should be done, but this article's VfD period is already over. anthony (see warning) 20:36, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:55, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Armwood High School

Armwood High School
Non-notable high school. Created by troll User:Haydes. RickK 00:47, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: BEEFSTEW rating of 0/10. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob  Doe ]] 01:53, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable. jni 07:03, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nothing notable here. Average Earthman 08:22, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of notability.  SWAdair | Talk  10:22, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless article; non-notable school. - Lucky 6.9 16:24, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable school.   — Gwalla | Talk 18:17, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete trollstub. Postdlf 21:42, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schools need to meet a high bar to be notable. --Improv 21:53, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. High schools are notable. anthony (see warning) 22:09, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 02:34, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Intrigue 18:11, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * delete: too short makes ugly and boring articles - see Blake school Mozzerati 21:47, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)


text:
L. Tom Perry

Lowell Tom Perry (August 5, 1922 – May 30, 2015) was an American businessman and religious leader who was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1974 until his death.

Early life
Perry was born in Logan, Utah, to Leslie Thomas Perry and his wife, Elsie Nora Sonne. Perry, Utah is named for Perry's ancestor, Gustavus Adolphus Perry and his family, who were among the first settlers in that area.

From the time of Perry's birth until he was eighteen, his father was bishop of their LDS ward in Logan. From 1942 to 1944, Perry served as an LDS missionary in the Northern States Mission, headquartered in Chicago. He spent about 10 months in Marion, Ohio, where he was instrumental in forming a branch in that city. He also served for part of his mission based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. After returning from his mission he joined the United States Marine Corps and was assigned to the 2nd Marine Division. While in training Perry attended church and activities at the Adams Ward in Los Angeles.

Perry was then part of the American forces that landed on Saipan, and remained there for about a year. While there he participated in the construction of an LDS chapel on the island. He was among the United States troops sent to occupy Japan after the war. While in Nagasaki, Perry coordinated a group of Marines to help rebuild a local Protestant church.

Education
Perry graduated from the Utah State Agricultural College (now Utah State University (USU)) in 1949 with a bachelor's degree in finance.

While he was a student at USU, Perry served as president of the university's Associated Students.

Employment
Perry's first job out of college was working as administrative assistant working for the USU Extension Service. He also took graduate courses in finance during this time.

In 1950, before his second child was born, Perry took a Christmas retail season job with C.C. Anderson's (CCA) Department Store in Logan, Utah. CCA was a division of Allied Stores.

In early 1951, Perry took a job with CCA at its corporate headquarters in Boise, Idaho. Later in 1951, CCA decided to appoint controllers in each of their stores. Perry was appointed as controller for the Lewiston, Idaho store. When he first took this position he lived in Lewiston, but later moved to Clarkston, Washington.

He was later involved in business jobs that took him to Washington, California, New York, and Massachusetts.

Perry was in the retail business during his time in Boston, Massachusetts. He became a fan of the Boston Red Sox and threw out the first pitch at a Red Sox game on May 8, 2004.

Early church service
In addition to his mission to the Northern States, Perry served as an LDS group leader while on Saipan. He oversaw more convert baptisms in this position than while on his mission.

He also served in the LDS Church as an early-morning seminary teacher, as a counselor in a bishopric, high councilor, counselor in a stake presidency, and as president of the church's Boston Massachusetts Stake.

In early 1963, after moving to Scarsdale, New York, Perry was called simultaneously as a member of the New York Stake's high council, stake mission president, and special assistant to the president of the church's Eastern States Mission. In these assignments, he worked with Bernard P. Brockbank and Wilburn C. West in overseeing the creation and implementation of the LDS Church's pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair.

General authority
Perry was called as a general authority and Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1972. The death of church president Harold B. Lee created a vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve when Spencer W. Kimball, who had been serving as quorum president, became church president. Perry was sustained as a member of the Twelve on April 6, 1974, and was ordained an apostle on April 11, 1974.

In 2004, Perry was asked by church president Gordon B. Hinckley to serve as president of the church's Europe Central Area, headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. This was a position normally held by a member of the seventy. This made Perry one of the most senior officials of the church ever to be stationed away from Salt Lake City. While serving in this capacity, Perry initiated a more proactive institute program that emphasized meeting the social and intellectual needs of young single adult church members. In 2015, he met with Barack Obama and other LDS Church leaders at a meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Family
Perry married Virginia C. Lee in the Logan Temple on July 18, 1947. They had three children together. Perry's son, Lee Tom Perry, is an academic and was dean of the Marriott School of Business at Brigham Young University from 1998 to 2005. Virginia Perry died of cancer in December 1974. Their daughter, Barbara, died of cancer in 1983.

In 1976, Perry married Barbara Dayton.

Death
In April 2015, Perry was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. In May 2015, the church reported the aggressive cancer had spread and Perry died the following day, on May 30, 2015. At the time of his death, he was the third most senior and oldest living apostle in the church. His funeral was held on June 5, 2015. Perry was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery, next to his first wife, Virginia and his daughter, Barbara.

Works

 * Books

Honors

 * Humanitarian Award for Service to Others (2014) – Catholic Community Services of Utah (L. Tom and Barbara Perry)

title: L. Tom Perry