text:
Gail Anderson-Dargatz

Gail Kathryn Anderson-Dargatz (born November 14, 1963) is a Canadian novelist.

Anderson-Dargatz was born in Kamloops, British Columbia, and grew up in Salmon Arm. She studied creative writing at the University of Victoria and taught in the MFA program at UBC. She published her debut short story collection The Miss Hereford Stories in 1994, and received a nomination for the Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour in 1995.

Her first novel, The Cure for Death by Lightning (1996), was an experimental yet accessible work whose story unfolded partly through narrative and partly through a collection of recipes and household tips belonging to the narrator's mother. A Canadian bestseller that year, it won the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize, and was nominated for the Giller Prize and the Books in Canada First Novel Award.

Her second novel, A Recipe for Bees, was published in 1998. Based on her own parents' early relationship, her process of researching the book led her parents to rekindle their romance after having divorced in 1981, and ultimately to their remarriage to each other. The book was a Giller Prize finalist in 1998.

She has since published the novels A Rhinestone Button (2002), Turtle Valley (2007) and The Spawning Grounds (2016).

Short story collections

 * The Miss Hereford Stories (1994) – ISBN 1-55054-160-9

Novels

 * The Cure for Death by Lightning (1996) – ISBN 0-385-72047-5
 * A Recipe for Bees (1998) – ISBN 0-385-72048-3
 * A Rhinestone Button (2002) – ISBN 0-676-97550-X/ISBN 0-676-97549-6
 * Turtle Valley (2007) – ISBN 0-676-97886-X
 * The Spawning Grounds (2016)
 * The Almost Wife (2021)

title: Gail Anderson-Dargatz


text:
Talk:Economic liberalism

Don't merge
I don't think that any of the topics should be merged, predominantly because they each have their own histories and are evolving quite differently in the manner which we see, interpret and use them. Merging them will only confuse readers, not enlighten them.

Lengthy lead section
I have responded to the banner note that "This article's lead section may be too long for the length of the article.", and I have now removed subsequently the March 2022 "long lead" tag as a secondary minor edit. As per my original edit note, I've restructured the existing material, and moved much of it into the Overview section. I've also taken some editorial license in reformatting and restructuring for improved readability / clarity. My intent was to leave the intentions of the original authors key points unchanged. I note there is a Script warning about one or more "cite journal" templates having maintenance messages, but I don't know how to surface these. Paulszym (talk) 01:30, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Economic liberalism


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Audra Lynn

Audra Lynn
Audra Lynn was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was was a consensus to keep the article.

Not notable. Last year's Playboy "Miss October" whose entire TV filmography is one appearace on "Family Feud" (related to her Playboy appearance), and one Frasier episode as an unnamed character. 6,000 hits isn't very impressive for someone who's had nude pictures available for at least a year--compare to "Yamila Diaz-Rahi"'s 40,000 hits, with no nudes (at least that I'm aware of), although she has been in a couple Sports Illustrated swimsuit editions. Niteowlneils 02:26, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not a speedy delete candidate, but not at all a person who has done enough to discuss, and discussion is what articles are. Then there was the bit that she's a Republican.  If only she were the only one, it would be something to talk about. Geogre 03:50, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable nude model.   — Gwalla | Talk 03:09, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Playboy Playmates are notable enough and completely verifiable - David Gerard 07:29, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: pr0ncruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 23:07, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable and verifiable.  The article could use expansion, though, so I've marked it as a stub. Factitious 08:58, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Indrian 17:28, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very much potential to become enyclopedic — siro  χ  o  00:52, Oct 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * keep, notable. Posiduck 03:42, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't think the Wikimedia servers are running out of disk space. --Tmh 10:04, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe not, but there's also the issue of bandwidth. I, for one, am tired of it taking, at times, 2 to 5 minutes to load a Wikipedia page. Also FWIW, I am a Playboy subscriber, so hardly anti-porn, but I don't find these women encyclopedic--any woman with lucky genes, and/or a good plastic surgeon, being willing to be photographed nekkid can qualify--no skill, knowledge, or ability required. Niteowlneils 17:48, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That is one of the more specious arguements I've seen in a while. Bandwidth is not a problem  unless all the people are trying to view this article. If they are trying to view it then that simply argues against you since the article would be then be very much notible / in demand. --ShaunMacPherson 19:18, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It should be further noted that a deleted article takes up as much space as a kept one. anthony 警告 01:12, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep. Playboy's Miss October. anthony 警告 13:59, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mmmmmm, October. Radman1 16:03, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously notable. Sam [Spade] 18:51, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Give the article time to grow. It is a significant topic. --ShaunMacPherson 19:18, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. A Playboy Playmate of the Month is relatively notable, though certainly one would have to stop short of including every Playboy model ever.  Also, I'd say that the reason that her Google hits are lower than those of Ms. Diaz-Rahi are because Ms. Lynn's had less time to get her pictures uploaded, downloaded and redistributed by pr0n pirates.  -Sean Curtin 00:44, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * What a great idea! I started a List of every Playboy model ever.  To slow the deluge of pictures articles, I only linked the ones who already have an entry, so the less famous ones won't suddenly become an article in need of creation.  Oh, and keep  The Steve  14:09, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Playmate of the Month equals notability. (Yeah, whatever, inclusionists, I said the dreaded 'n' word. So sue me.) Johnleemk | Talk 11:43, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. We have an article on Playboy, and Playboy magazine would be nothing without the centerfold models.  I think we can afford the space for one new article each month.  If we can keep Bajoran wormhole I think we can keep an article on a real person.Pedant 17:43, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)
 * Keep. Model of the month is notable enough. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 10:08, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP Playmates are notable. --The_stuart 22:33, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Tzimmes

Tzimmes, or tsimmes (צימעס, צִימֶעס), is a traditional Ashkenazi Jewish stew typically made from carrots and dried fruits such as prunes or raisins, often combined with other root vegetables (including yam).

Tzimmes is often part of the Rosh Hashanah meal, when it is traditional to eat sweet and honey-flavored dishes. Some cooks add chunks of meat (usually beef flank or brisket). The dish is cooked slowly over low heat and flavored with honey or sugar and sometimes cinnamon or other spices.

The name is a Yiddish word that, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, may come from Middle High German imbīz. "To make a big tzimmes over something" is a Yinglish expression that means to make a big fuss, perhaps because of the slicing, mixing, and stirring that go into the preparation of the dish.

title: Tzimmes


text: Category:Chinese actors

title: Category:Chinese actors


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject United States politicians

Category question
Over the past few months, several Wikipedians have begun creating subcategories for local (i.e. city or county level) politicians by state. In the process of adding them to yesterday, however, I noticed that while the vast majority of them have been created in the format "(State) local politicians", the category for Maryland was named  instead. Consequently, I'd like to suggest that a naming convention should be discussed for these so that they're consistent from one state to another: should they be named in the format "(State) local politicians", "Local officeholders in (State)", or something else altogether? For clarity's sake, I created a number of the categories in the format "(State) local politicians", but I used it only because several categories had already been created in that naming format by other users before I started — and though it's obviously not my decision to make unilaterally, I personally somewhat prefer "Local officeholders in (State)". Bearcat (talk) 15:44, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Request for comment on Biographies of living people
Hello Wikiproject! Currently there is a discussion which will decide whether wikipedia will delete 49,000 articles about a living person without references, here:

Requests for comment/Biographies of living people

Since biographies of living people covers so many topics, nearly all wikiproject topics will be effected.

The two opposing positions which have the most support is:
 * 1) supports the deletion of unreferenced articles about a living person, User:Jehochman
 * 2) opposes the deletion of unreferenced articles about a living person, except in limited circumstances, User:Collect

Comments are welcome. Keep in mind that by default, editor's comments are hidden. Simply press edit next to the section to add your comment.

Please keep in mind that at this point, it seems that editors support deleting unreferenced article if they are not sourced, so your project may want to pursue the projects below.

Tools to help your project with unreferenced Biographies of living people
If you don't already have this and are interested in creating a list of articles which need cleanup for your wikiproject see: Cleanup listings A list of examples is here
 * List of cleanup articles for your project

If you are interested in moving unreferenced blp articles to a special "incubation page", contact me, User talk:Ikip
 * Moving unreferenced blp articles to a special "incubation pages"

If you are interested in watchlisting all of the unreferenced articles once you install Cleanup_listings, contact me, User talk:Ikip Ikip 02:16, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Watchlisting all unreferenced articles

5% polling rule
There is discussion at Talk:United States Senate election in Illinois, 2010 regarding the convention that only candidates who poll above 5% are included in the infobox before the election. Despite links to the discussion where the convention took shape, some editors question its existence because it is not stated on a Wikiproject page. Please weigh in. -Rrius (talk) 19:32, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

Invitation to help with WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 03:15, 3 November 2010 (UTC)

A consideration for cross project consolidation of talk page templates
I have started a conversation here about the possibility of combining some of the United States related WikiProject Banners into WikiProject United States. If you have any comments, questions or suggestions please take a moment and let me know. --Kumioko (talk) 20:30, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

US Collaboration reactivated & Portal:United States starting next
Casliber recently posted a suggestion on the talk page for WikiProject United States about getting the US Wikipedians Collaboration page going again in an effort to build up articles for GA through FA class. See U.S. Wikipedians' notice board/USCOTM. After several days of work from him the page is up and ready for action. A few candidates have already been added for you to vote on or you can submit one using the directions provided. If you are looking for inspiration here is a link to the most commonly viewed articles currently under the scope of Wikiproject United States. There are tons of good articles in the various US related projects as well so feel free to submit any article relating to US topics (not just those under the scope of WPUS). This noticeboard is intended for ‘’’All’’’ editors working on US subjects, not just those under WPUS.

The next item I intend to start updating is Portal:United States if anyone is interested in helping. Again this is not specific to WPUS and any help would be greatly appreciated to maximize visibility of US topics. The foundation has already been established its just a matter of updating the content with some new images, biographies and articles. Please let leave a comment on the Portals talk page or let me know if you have any questions or ideas. --Kumioko (talk) 23:31, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

Jovan Melton
Dear politics experts: This article about an American politician has a lot of copyvio from http://jovanmelton.com/about-jovan-melton/about-jovan. It would be a shame to delete it - Can someone who knows about American politics do a rewrite instead? —Anne Delong (talk) 20:11, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Mia Love
There is an ongoing discussion of how to define Mia Love's ethnicity on her bio page. Since she is a politician and political candidate I thought some here might be interested in joining the discussion.John Pack Lambert (talk) 20:37, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
Hello there! As you may already know, most WikiProjects here on Wikipedia struggle to stay active after they've been founded. I believe there is a lot of potential for WikiProjects to facilitate collaboration across subject areas, so I have submitted a grant proposal with the Wikimedia Foundation for the "WikiProject X" project. WikiProject X will study what makes WikiProjects succeed in retaining editors and then design a prototype WikiProject system that will recruit contributors to WikiProjects and help them run effectively. Please review the proposal here and leave feedback. If you have any questions, you can ask on the proposal page or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you for your time! (Also, sorry about the posting mistake earlier. If someone already moved my message to the talk page, feel free to remove this posting.) Harej (talk) 22:48, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

Note: To receive additional notifications about WikiProject X on this talk page, please add this page to WikiProject X/Newsletter. Otherwise, this will be the last notification sent about WikiProject X. Harej (talk) 16:57, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

Talk:Kevin McCarthy (California politician)
Above link leads to discussion as to whether Kevin McCarthy (California politician) should become the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC at the Kevin McCarthy disambiguation page. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 05:40, 27 September 2015 (UTC)

Talk:Scott Walker (disambiguation)
A discussion and vote as to whether Scott Walker should remain as the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC or be returned to Scott Walker (politician) is ongoing at the above link. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 22:57, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

Donald Trump's false campaign statements
You are invited to participate in Talk:Donald Trump. --Dr. Fleischman (talk) 17:45, 25 August 2016 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.225.195.92

title: User talk:69.225.195.92


text:
David Brudnoy

David Barry Brudnoy (June 5, 1940 – December 9, 2004) was an American talk radio host in Boston from 1976 to 2004. His radio talk show aired on WBZ radio and he espoused his libertarian views on a wide range of political issues in a courteous manner. Thanks to WBZ's wide broadcast signal reach, he gained a following from across the United States as well as Canada. On December 9, 2004, he died from Merkel cell carcinoma after it had metastasized to his lungs and kidneys.

Background, education and first career
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, to a Jewish family, David Brudnoy was the only child of Doris and Harry Brudnoy. Harry was a dentist in the Minneapolis area, a profession he maintained for over 50 years. During his youth, David Brudnoy was known to be precocious, and in addition to reading a lot, he enjoyed collecting stamps. He was also interested in history, and thanks to the influence of his Aunt Kathie, with whom he was close for all of his life, he became interested in movies; he often attended them with her. Years later, Brudnoy would become known for his work as a film critic, and he remarked in his autobiography that his aunt had undoubtedly contributed to his success by taking him to so many films.

Although he did not articulate it at the time, he was also aware of certain homosexual attractions. Years later, he would detail the confusion he felt, discussing his teenage and college years in his 1997 autobiography, Life is Not a Rehearsal. During his childhood, Brudnoy and his family briefly lived in Macon, Georgia, and San Antonio, Texas; his father had enlisted in the United States Army Reserve and the moves were so that he could be near army bases. Brudnoy first attended college in 1958, receiving a BA in Japanese Studies from Yale in New Haven. He also received MAs from Harvard and Brandeis, and a PhD from Brandeis, focusing on East Asian studies and history. He received an honorary doctorate from Emerson College in 1996.

As a professor, Brudnoy taught classes or was a guest lecturer at many major colleges and universities throughout Boston and New England, as well as in Texas: Boston University, Boston College, Northeastern University, Merrimack College, University of Rhode Island, Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, as well as Texas Southern University. He was respected as an educator: student evaluations for his courses at Boston University indicate that they were very well received, and former students were among those who wrote eloquent tributes to him when he died. According to those students, he was such a devoted educator that even as he was dying, he made certain to finish grading their term papers.

Broadcast career
Brudnoy began a career in broadcast commentary in 1971 on Boston's local PBS television station, WGBH-TV. In 1976, he took over as host of his friend Avi Nelson's radio show on WHDH, in the midst of the city's unrest over forced busing and desegregation in schools. He took to the job with ease, and increasingly gained popularity. From 1981 to 1986, he appeared on former Top 40 station WRKO, which was now news and talk, before moving to local stalwart WBZ. The top-rated talk radio host in New England, he appeared in a regular weekday evening slot until his retirement. At the end of his career, Brudnoy was, according to WBZ Radio's promotional materials, derived from Arbitron ratings, among the most-listened-to evening talk hosts in the United States.

Over the years, Brudnoy also appeared as a news commentator and host on local TV stations besides WGBH, including WCVB-TV (ABC), WNAC-TV, and WBZ-TV (CBS). He also appeared nationally on the CBS Morning News. He wrote movie reviews for Boston magazine and local community newspapers. During the 1970s he wrote articles for the National Review, and befriended its editor William F. Buckley Jr. He also wrote for The Alternative (later known as The American Prospect) in the early 1970s, but quit because of the editor's unwillingness to adopt a more liberal position on gay rights. His articles have appeared in The New York Times, The New Republic, and The Saturday Evening Post.

In 1990, his WBZ show was canceled in favor of a less expensive syndicated show hosted by Tom Snyder, but a mass public response, including support from The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald, helped lead to his quick return to the station's lineup.

Brudnoy's popularity escalated him into the Boston media elite, and he was the host of numerous social gatherings at his upscale Back Bay apartment, mixing students, media personalities, and politicians. After his bout with AIDS, Brudnoy began broadcasting from his apartment four nights out of five, welcoming his radio guests into his home and eagerly offering them cocktails. When he returned to the air in early January 1995, after his first battle with HIV/AIDS kept him off the air for ten weeks, Boston Mayor Thomas Menino formally declared January 5 as "David Brudnoy Day" due to his popularity.

In 1997, Brudnoy was awarded the Freedom of Speech Award from the National Association of Radio Talk Show Hosts, and was nominated for the major market "Personality of the Year" Marconi Radio Award by the National Association of Broadcasters. In 2001, he celebrated his 25th anniversary on the air. He was inducted to the Massachusetts Broadcasters Hall of Fame, posthumously, in 2008.

Politics and sensibilities
Brudnoy's strongly libertarian opinions were expressed with wit and thoughtfulness. He described his own manner as "less ideological and more empathic", in contrast to more recent figures of conservative talk radio. Many regard him as a unique radio host who was effective at injecting a different perspective into the political dialogue rather than merely cultivating a particular political segment of the population.

His non-partisan, thoughtful way of discussing issues helped him gain a large following despite being based in a staunchly Democratic region. Political figures from both ends of the spectrum praised him for his contributions to the local and national dialogue. Among those who eulogized him when he died were liberals like Senator Edward M. Kennedy who said that David was uniquely fair to his guests. "He couldn't care less about your party label, as long as you knew what you were talking about, because he always did"; and conservatives like then-Governor Mitt Romney who said that Brudnoy was "... a friend to hundreds of thousands of people, most of whom he never even saw in person . . . David has left us all a huge inheritance. It's an inheritance rich in tolerance, in faith, in the greatness of humanity, in respect for all people..."

In 2000, Brudnoy declared himself a member of the Libertarian Party.

Although his father Harry was a practicing Jew and a member of a Minneapolis synagogue, David Brudnoy was an agnostic who disliked organized religion and was critical of religions that tried to impose their views on others. He did have a bar mitzvah in May 1953, but he was already becoming skeptical of religion and recalled that event as the last time he followed his religious traditions. Years later, he wrote several opinion pieces about his opposition to religious dogmatism. But on the other hand, he also wrote favorably about the good that the church was capable of doing. In one piece, he stated that "...the church itself, for Catholics and non-Catholics alike, is a bulwark of our society. Its severely overburdened clergy are crucial to the development of our youths, to comforting our elders, and to tending our sick."

But while he was a skeptic about the tenets of organized religion, during his late-2004 bout of serious illness he admitted he had prayed in various ways, including with a Catholic priest who was a friend of his; and he said that he had discussed religion with several of his Jewish friends, including political commentator Jon Keller and conservative newspaper columnist Jeff Jacoby. But he said he did not expect to go to either a heaven or a hell.

Homosexuality
Brudnoy came to realize that he was homosexual early in life but successfully hid the fact for many years. While at Texas Southern, he "adopted" a young, recently single mother, Patricia Kennedy, and for many years Brudnoy and Kennedy enjoyed a relationship of mutual convenience, with Brudnoy able to use Kennedy as a cover for his homosexuality, and in return serving as a surrogate father to her two young children. Brudnoy did not reveal his homosexuality to his father and stepmother until his illness in 1994; his father Harry was 88 years old when Brudnoy finally phoned him to give him the news and also discuss the health crisis he was undergoing. David was pleasantly surprised that his parents were supportive. Brudnoy had previously come out to his aunt and uncle after they lost a son (also homosexual) to AIDS.

Brudnoy publicly revealed his homosexuality in 1994, after returning from hospitalization to overcome his long-hidden fight with AIDS. Despite the controversy, his ratings reportedly did not suffer as a result. The controversy was rekindled somewhat after the release of his autobiography, in which he described a history of sexual excesses. Brudnoy did not attempt to mask his sexuality during his adult life, but also made no direct indications of it; it was well known among his colleagues in broadcasting long before he spoke publicly about it. His closest and oldest friend was psychologist Dr. Ward Cromer, with whom he took dozens of trips abroad, and who was incorrectly assumed by many to be Brudnoy's sexual partner. Neither of them used that phraseology to describe their relationship, preferring a more accurate title of "best friend". When Brudnoy died, it was Cromer who became executor of his estate.

Illness
Brudnoy was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in 1988, but kept his treatment a secret until his condition became serious after he contracted pneumonia in 1994. He was absent from public life for some time to fight the disease. Comatose and near death at one point, he eventually returned to reasonable health. It was at that time, in order to conserve his strength, that he broadcast his show from his apartment in the Back Bay section of Boston during part of 1994. Once he was able to return to the air,  Brudnoy announced the creation of a fund to fight AIDS. His illness inspired him to publish his autobiography; at the time, it was not a best-seller, but after he died, it became a collector's item, since his publisher had originally let it go out of print and now many of his fans wanted copies of it.

In September 2003, he was diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare form of skin cancer. After hospitalization and treatment, including another period of being considered near death, the cancer went into apparent remission, and Brudnoy returned to work, with a strained voice, in March 2004. However, in November 2004, doctors discovered that cancer had spread into his lungs and kidneys, forcing him to undergo dialysis in addition to cancer treatment.

Brudnoy checked into Massachusetts General Hospital on December 3, 2004. On December 8, Brudnoy made his last radio broadcast on his show via a deathbed interview with WBZ reporter Gary LaPierre. The following day, Brudnoy ordered his doctors to remove all artificial life support systems, leaving him only with oxygen, morphine, and minimal food. He died hours after having the support removed, on December 9, 2004.

After a few days of on-air remembrance, Brudnoy's time slot was assigned to Paul Sullivan, who had previously taken over two hours of Brudnoy's shift when Brudnoy's illness necessitated reducing his show from five hours to three. Sullivan too would die of cancer, on September 9, 2007.

A public memorial was held for Brudnoy on February 27, 2005, at the Cutler Majestic Theater in Boston, arranged by his WBZ colleagues and Emerson College (which had previously awarded him an honorary doctorate). The memorial service included the participation of the brothers of the Phi Alpha Tau fraternity of Emerson College whom Brudnoy had mentored.

Works
Source:

title: David Brudnoy


text: User talk:68.160.154.88

title: User talk:68.160.154.88


text:
Curly Howard

Jerome Lester Horwitz (October 22, 1903 – January 18, 1952), better known by his stage name Curly Howard, was an American comedian and actor. He was a member of the comedy team The Three Stooges, which also featured his elder brothers Moe and Shemp Howard, as well as actor Larry Fine. In early shorts, he was billed as Curley. Curly Howard was generally considered the most popular and recognizable of the Stooges.

He was well known for his high-pitched voice and vocal expressions ("nyuk-nyuk-nyuk!", "woob-woob-woob!", "soiteny!" [certainly], "I'm a victim of soikemstance" [circumstance], and barking like a dog), as well as his physical comedy (e.g., falling on the ground and pivoting on his shoulder as he "walked" in circular motion), improvisations, and athleticism. An untrained actor, Curly borrowed (and significantly exaggerated) the "woo woo" from "nervous" comedian Hugh Herbert. Curly's unique version of "woob-woob-woob" was firmly established by the time of the Stooges' second Columbia film, Punch Drunks (1934).

Howard had to leave the Three Stooges act in May 1946 when a massive stroke ended his show business career. He suffered serious health problems and several more strokes until his death in 1952 at age 48.

Early life
Curly Howard was born Jerome Lester Horwitz in the Bensonhurst section of the Brooklyn borough of New York City, on October 22, 1903. Of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry, he was the youngest of the five sons of Jennie (Gorovitz) and Solomon Horwitz. Because he was the youngest, his brothers called him "Babe" to tease him. The name "Babe" stuck with him all his life. However, when his elder brother Shemp Howard married Gertrude Frank, who was also nicknamed "Babe", the brothers called him "Curly" to avoid confusion. His full formal Hebrew name was "Yehudah Leib bar Shlomo Natan HaLevi".

A quiet child, Howard rarely caused problems for his parents (something in which older brothers Moe and Shemp excelled). He was a mediocre student, but excelled as an athlete on the school basketball team. He did not graduate high school; instead, he kept himself busy with odd jobs and constantly following his older brothers, whom he idolized. He was also an accomplished ballroom dancer and singer and regularly turned up at the Triangle Ballroom in Brooklyn, occasionally bumping into actor George Raft.

When Howard was 13, he accidentally shot himself in the left ankle while cleaning a rifle. Moe rushed him to the hospital, saving his life, but the wound resulted in a noticeably thinner left leg and a slight limp. Curly was so afraid of surgery that he never had the limp corrected. While with the Stooges, he developed his famous exaggerated walk to conceal the limp on screen.

Howard was interested in music and comedy, and watched his brothers Shemp and Moe perform as stooges in Ted Healy's vaudeville act. He also liked to hang around backstage, although he never participated in any of the routines.

The Three Stooges
Howard's first on-stage appearance was as a comedy musical conductor in 1928 for the Orville Knapp orchestra; Howard would conduct the ensemble with his arms flailing, unaware that he was losing his pants. Moe later recalled that his performances usually overshadowed those of the band. Though he enjoyed the gig, he watched as brothers Moe and Shemp with partner Larry Fine made it big as some of Ted Healy's "Stooges". Vaudeville star Healy had a very popular stage act, in which he would try to tell jokes or sing, only to have his noisy assistants (or "stooges", in show-business parlance) wander on stage and interrupt or heckle him and cause disturbances from the audience. Meanwhile, Healy and company appeared in their first feature film, Rube Goldberg's Soup to Nuts (1930).

Shemp Howard, however, soon tired of Healy's abrasiveness, bad temper, and alcoholism. In 1932, he was offered a contract at the Vitaphone Studios in Brooklyn. With Shemp gone, Moe suggested that his kid brother Jerry could fill the third-stooge role, and Jerry ran through his Orville Knapp act but Healy was unimpressed: "Is that all he can do? Let his pants fall down? Get me a real comedian, not this amateur. He doesn't even look right!" Healy felt that Jerry, with his thick, chestnut hair and elegant waxed mustache, looked too good for a low comedian. Howard left the room and returned minutes later with his head shaven (the mustache remained very briefly). Moe and Larry started improvising with this new character:

 * Moe: Hey, Curly!

 * Larry: What did you call him?

 * Moe: Curly.

 * Larry: That's all right. I thought you said girlie!

That exchange sold the act to Healy, and Jerry Horwitz became Curly Howard. In one of the few interviews Curly Howard gave in his lifetime, he complained about the loss of his hair: "I had to shave it off right down to the skin."

In 1934, MGM was building Healy up as a solo comedian in feature films, and Moe saw the writing on the wall. Healy alone was under contract to the studio; his Stooges answered to Healy, who paid each of them only $100 a week. When Healy's lucrative MGM contract was up for renewal on March 6, 1934, Moe proposed that Healy and his stooges should split: "Let's just break up. No hard feelings, no sneaking around. Just a good, clean split." Healy agreed, and left to pursue his own career. That same year, with "The Three Stooges" as the act's new name, they signed to appear in two-reel comedy short subjects for Columbia Pictures. Their third short, Men in Black, was nominated for the "Best Short Subject" Academy Award. It lost to the pioneer Technicolor featurette La Cucaracha, but it did establish The Three Stooges as new comedy stars. It also won the Stooges movie-star salaries: Columbia paid each of them $2,500 per short subject (an exceptional sum; Columbia usually paid $500 to $1,000 per short). The Stooges soon became the studio's most popular short-subject attraction, with Curly playing an integral part in the trio's work.

Prime years
Howard's childlike mannerisms and natural comedic charm made him a hit with audiences, particularly children. He was known in the act for having an "indestructible" head, which always won out by breaking anything that assaulted it, including saws (resulting in his characteristic quip, "Oh, look!"). Although Howard had no formal acting training, his comedic skills were exceptional. Often, directors let the camera roll freely and let Howard improvise. Jules White, in particular, left gaps in the Stooge scripts where he could improvise for several minutes. In later years, White commented: "If we wrote a scene and needed a little something extra, I'd say to Curly, 'Look, we've got a gap to fill this in with a "woo-woo" or some other bit of business', and he never disappointed us."

By the time the Stooges hit their peak in the late 1930s, their films had almost become vehicles for Howard's unbridled comic performances. Classics such as A Plumbing We Will Go (1940), We Want Our Mummy (1938), An Ache in Every Stake (1941), Cactus Makes Perfect (1942), and their most violent short, They Stooge to Conga (1943), display his ability to take inanimate objects (food, tools, pipes, etc.) and turn them into ingenious comic props. Moe Howard later confirmed that when Curly forgot his lines, that merely allowed him to improvise on the spot so that the "take" could continue uninterrupted:

"If we were going through a scene and Curly forgot his words for a moment, and then, you know, rather than stand, get pale and stop, you never knew what he was going to do. On one occasion, however, he would drop down to the floor and spin around ten times like a top until he finally remembered what he had to say."

Howard also developed a set of Brooklyn-accented reactions and expressions that the other Stooges would imitate long after he had left the act.

On several occasions, Moe Howard was convinced that rising star Lou Costello (a close friend of Shemp's) was stealing material from his brother. Costello was known to acquire prints of the Stooges' films from Columbia Pictures on occasion, presumably to study him. Inevitably, Curly Howard's routines would appear in Abbott and Costello feature films, much to Moe's chagrin. (It did not help that Columbia Pictures president Harry Cohn would not allow the Stooges to make feature-length films like contemporaries Laurel and Hardy, the Marx Brothers, and Abbott and Costello.)

Curly was the only "third Stooge" who never made a series of his short films, without Moe or Larry, either before joining the Stooges or after leaving. Shemp and subsequent Stooges Joe Besser and Joe DeRita (referred to during his stint with the Stooges as "Curly Joe DeRita") each starred in their solo series of theatrical short subjects.

Slow decline
By 1944, Howard's energy began to wane. Films such as Idle Roomers (1944) and Booby Dupes (1945) present a Curly whose voice was deeper and his actions slower. He may have suffered the first of many strokes between the filming of Idiots Deluxe (October 1944) and If a Body Meets a Body (March 1945). After the filming of the feature-length Rockin' in the Rockies (December 1944), he finally checked himself (at Moe Howard's insistence) into Cottage Hospital in Santa Barbara, California, on January 23, 1945, and was diagnosed with extreme hypertension, a retinal hemorrhage, and obesity. His ill health imposed a rest, leading to only five shorts being released in 1945 (the normal output was six to eight per year).

Moe Howard pleaded with Harry Cohn to allow his younger brother some time off upon discharge to regain his strength, but Cohn would not halt the production of his profitable Stooge shorts and flatly refused his request. The Stooges had five months off between August 1945 and January 1946. They used that time to book a two-month live performance commitment in New York City, working shows seven days a week. During their time on the East Coast, Howard met his third wife, Marion Buxbaum, whom he married on October 17, 1945, after a two-week courtship.

Returning to Los Angeles in late November 1945, Howard was a shell of his former self. With two months' rest, the team's 1946 schedule at Columbia commenced in late January, but involved only 24 days' work from February to early May. Despite eight weeks off in that same period, Howard's condition continued to deteriorate.

By early 1946, Howard's voice had become even more coarse than before, and remembering even the simplest dialogue was increasingly difficult. He had lost considerable weight, and lines had creased his face.

1946 stroke
Half-Wits Holiday, released in 1947, was Howard's final appearance as an official member of The Three Stooges. During filming on May 6, 1946, he suffered a severe stroke while sitting in director Jules White's chair, waiting to film the last scene of the day. When called by the assistant director to take the stage, he did not answer. Moe looked for his brother; he found him with his head dropped to his chest. Moe later recalled that his mouth was distorted, and he was unable to speak, only able to cry. Moe immediately alerted White, leading the latter to rework the scene quickly, dividing the action between Moe and Larry while Curly was rushed to the hospital, where Moe joined him after the filming. Howard spent several weeks at the Motion Picture Country House in Woodland Hills before returning home for further recovery.

In January 1946, Shemp had been recruited to substitute for a resting Curly during live performances in New Orleans. After Curly's stroke, Shemp agreed to replace him in the Columbia shorts, but only until his younger brother was well enough to rejoin the act. An extant copy of the Stooges' 1947 Columbia Pictures contract was signed by all four Stooges and stipulated that Shemp's joining "in place and stead of Jerry Howard" would be only temporary until Curly recovered sufficiently to return to work full-time. However, Curly's health continued to worsen and it became clear that he would not be returning. As a result, Shemp's involvement became permanent.

Howard, partially recovered and with his hair regrown, made a brief cameo appearance in January 1947 as a train passenger barking in his sleep in the third film after brother Shemp's return, Hold That Lion! (1947). It was the only film that featured Larry Fine and all three Howard brothers – Moe, Shemp, and Curly – simultaneously; director White later said he spontaneously staged the bit during Curly's impromptu visit to the soundstage:

"It was a spur-of-the-moment idea. Curly was visiting the set; this was sometime after his stroke. Apparently he came in on his own, since I didn't see a nurse with him. He was sitting around, reading a newspaper. As I walked in, the newspaper he had in front of his face came down and he waved hello to me. I thought it would be funny to have him do a bit in the picture and he was happy to do it."

In June 1948, Howard filmed a second cameo as an angry chef for the short Malice in the Palace (1949), but due to his illness, his performance was not deemed good enough, and his scenes were cut. A lobby card for the short shows him with the other Stooges, although he never appeared in the final release.

Retirement
Still not fully recovered from his stroke, Howard met Valerie Newman and married her on July 31, 1947. A friend, Irma Leveton, later recalled, "Valerie was the only decent thing that happened to Curly and the only one that really cared about him." Although his health continued to decline after the marriage, Valerie gave birth to a daughter, Janie, in 1948.

Later that year, Howard suffered a second massive stroke, which left him partially paralyzed. He used a wheelchair by 1950 and was fed boiled rice and apples as part of his diet to reduce his weight (and blood pressure). Valerie admitted him into the Motion Picture & Television Fund's Country House and Hospital on August 29, 1950. He was released after several months of treatment and medical tests, although he returned periodically until his death.

In February 1951, Howard entered a nursing home, where he suffered another stroke a month later. In April, he went to live at the North Hollywood Hospital and Sanitarium.

Final months and death
In December 1951, the North Hollywood Hospital and Sanitarium supervisor told the Howard family that Curly was becoming a problem to the nursing staff at the facility because of his mental deterioration. They admitted they could no longer care for him and suggested he be placed in a mental hospital. Moe refused and relocated him to the Baldy View Sanitarium in San Gabriel, California.

On January 7, 1952, Moe was contacted on the Columbia set while filming He Cooked His Goose to help move Curly for what would be the last time. This proved unsuccessful, and Curly died eleven days later, on January 18, 1952. He lived the shortest life of the Stooges, dying at the age of 48. He was given a Jewish funeral and was buried at the Western Jewish Institute section of Home of Peace Cemetery in East Los Angeles, California. His older brothers Shemp and Benjamin would also be interred there in 1955 and 1976 respectively, near parents Jennie and Solomon.

Personal life
Howard's offscreen personality was the antithesis of his onscreen manic persona. He generally kept to himself and was an introvert, rarely socializing with people unless he had been drinking (a habit to which he would increasingly turn as the stresses of his career grew). Howard refrained from engaging in the antics for which he became famous unless he was with family, performing for an audience, or intoxicated. He was known for his kindness to stray dogs.

Howard had four marriages and two children:
 * Julia Rosenthal (m. August 5, 1930 – divorced January 6, 1931)
 * Elaine Ackerman (m. June 7, 1937 – div. July 11, 1940)
 * Marilyn Howard Server (daughter, b. 1938)
 * Marion Buxbaum (m. October 17, 1945 – div. July 22, 1946)
 * Valerie Newman (m. July 31, 1947 – January 18, 1952; his death)
 * Janie Howard Hanky (daughter, b. 1948)

Howard's first marriage ended in divorce five months after the union occurred and before he achieved fame with the Stooges. Howard married his second wife, Elaine Ackerman, on June 7, 1937 (Which was the twelfth anniversary of his brother Moe's wedding to his wife Helen.). Their union produced one child, Marilyn, the following year. The couple divorced in June 1940, after which he gained weight and developed hypertension. He was insecure about his shaved head, believing it made him unappealing to women. He increasingly drank to excess and caroused to cope with his feelings of inferiority. He took to wearing a hat in public to convey an image of masculinity, saying he felt like a little kid with his hair shaved off. Despite his low self-esteem, he was popular with women, particularly with those who wanted to take advantage of him.

Moe's son-in-law Norman Maurer noted "he was a pushover for women. If a pretty girl went up to him and gave him a spiel, Curly would marry her. Then she would take his money and run off. It was the same when a real estate agent would come up and say 'I have a house for you'; Curly would sell his current home and buy another one."

During World War II, for seven months each year, the trio's filming schedule went on hiatus, allowing them to make personal appearances. The Stooges entertained service members constantly, and the intense work schedule took its toll on Howard's health. He never drank while performing in film or on stage (Moe would not permit it), but after the work day had ended, he would head out to nightclubs where he ate, drank, and caroused to excess to cope with the stress of work. He was a profligate spender, especially on wine, food, women, and homes, and was often near bankruptcy. Moe eventually helped him manage his finances and even filled out his income tax returns.

Howard found constant companionship in his dogs and often befriended strays whenever the Stooges traveled. He would pick up homeless dogs and take them with him from town to town until he found them a home somewhere else on the tour. When not performing, he usually had a few pet dogs waiting for him at home, as well.

Moe urged Curly to find himself a wife, hoping it would persuade his brother to finally settle down and allow his health to improve somewhat. After a two-week courtship, he married Marion Buxbaum on October 17, 1945, a union that lasted nine months. The divorce proceeding was bitter, exacerbated by exploitative, sensationalist media coverage, which worsened his already fragile health. The divorce was finalized in July 1946, two months after he suffered his career-ending stroke.

On July 31, 1947, he married Valerie Newman. They had one daughter, Janie (born in 1948), and remained married until his death.

Legacy
Curly Howard is considered by many fans and critics alike to be their favorite member of the Three Stooges. In a 1972 interview; Larry Fine recalled, "Personally, I thought Curly was the greatest because he was a natural comedian who had no formal training. Whatever he did, he made up on the spur of the moment. When we lost Curly, we took a hit." Curly's mannerisms, behavior, and personality along with his catchphrases have become a part of American popular culture. Steve Allen called him one of the "few true but seldom recognized comedy geniuses."

The Ted Okuda and Edward Watz's book The Columbia Comedy Shorts puts Howard's appeal and legacy in critical perspective: "Few comics have come close to equaling the pure energy and genuine sense of fun Curly was able to project. He was merriment personified, a creature of frantic action whose only concern was to satisfy his immediate cravings. Allowing his emotions to dominate, and making no attempt whatsoever to hide his true feelings, he would chuckle self-indulgently at his own cleverness. When confronted with a problem, he would grunt, slap his face, and tackle the obstacle with all the tenacity of a six-year-old child."

In popular culture

 * The titular character of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday-morning cartoon series, Jabberjaw, is modeled after Curly. the character was voiced by Frank Welker.
 * John Candy played Curly in three sketches on the TV series SCTV, these being Curly as part of a 'Three Dummies' short that aired in the 'Muley's Roundhouse' sketch about a techy host of an afternoon kids show (Season 1, episode 23, airing November 21st and 25th, 1977), a parody commercial for a mail-order record of Curley 'singing' songs like 'The Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet", "Theme from The Graduate' (actually 'Mrs. Robinson' by Simon & Garfunkel), "The Godfather", and 'The Thomas Crown Affair' (actually 'The Windmills of Your Mind') (Season 5, episode 4, airing on November 26, 1982), and as Curly being picked up by Melvin Dumar and being forced to sing in a parody promo for 'Melvin and Howards' (Season 4, episode 3, airing May 29, 1981.)
 * The ABC television sketch comedy series Fridays (ABC, 1980-82) featured an occasional skit of "The Numb Boys" – essentially a Three Stooges routine related to a recent news topic – with John Roarke playing Curly (and Bruce Mahler as Moe and Larry David as Larry).
 * Curly's legend far outlived him when the otherwise-obscure country-pop Jump 'n the Saddle Band scored one of the biggest novelty hits of the 1980s with their 1983 single, "The Curly Shuffle". The video featured some of Curly's best scenes. One band member claimed they had watched hundreds of hours' worth of Three Stooges films to find the right clips.
 * In 2000, longtime Stooges fan Mel Gibson produced a television film for ABC about the lives and careers of the Stooges. In an interview promoting the film, he said Curly was his favorite of the Stooges. In the film; Curly was played by Michael Chiklis.
 * In the 2012 Farrelly brothers' film The Three Stooges, Will Sasso portrays Curly Howard. Robert Capron portrays young Curly.
 * In the children's novel series Captain Underpants and its film adaptation, the elementary school that the main characters attend is named Jerome Horwitz Elementary School, in Howard's honor.
 * One of Curly's grandsons, Bradley Server, performs at Stooge tribute shows under the moniker "Curly G", and has a YouTube channel named "Curly's Grandson".

Features
All are guest appearances except the compilation feature Stop! Look! and Laugh!; the Stooges never starred in their own feature film during Curly Howard's lifetime.
 * Turn Back the Clock (1933)
 * Broadway to Hollywood (1933)
 * Meet the Baron (1933)
 * Dancing Lady (1933)
 * Myrt and Marge (1933)
 * Fugitive Lovers (1934)
 * Hollywood Party (1934)
 * The Captain Hates the Sea (1934)
 * Start Cheering (1938)
 * Time Out for Rhythm (1941)
 * My Sister Eileen (1942)
 * Good Luck, Mr. Yates (1943) (scenes deleted but included in Gents Without Cents)
 * Rockin' in the Rockies (1945)
 * Swing Parade of 1946 (1946)
 * Stop! Look! and Laugh! (1960) (scenes from Stooge shorts)

Short subjects

 * Nertsery Rhymes (1933)
 * Beer and Pretzels (1933)
 * Hello Pop! (1933)
 * Plane Nuts (1933)
 * Roast Beef and Movies (1934)
 * Jail Birds of Paradise (1934)
 * Hollywood on Parade # B-9 (1934)
 * Woman Haters (1934) (*credited as "Curley")
 * The Big Idea (1934)
 * Punch Drunks (1934) (*credited as "Curley")
 * Men in Black (1934)
 * Three Little Pigskins (1934)
 * Horses' Collars (1935)
 * Restless Knights (1935)
 * Screen Snapshots Series 14, No. 6 (1935)
 * Pop Goes the Easel (1935)
 * Uncivil Warriors (1935)
 * Pardon My Scotch (1935)
 * Hoi Polloi (1935)
 * Three Little Beers (1935)
 * Ants in the Pantry (1936)
 * Movie Maniacs (1936)
 * Screen Snapshots Series 15, No. 7 (1936)
 * Half Shot Shooters (1936)
 * Disorder in the Court (1936)
 * A Pain in the Pullman (1936)
 * False Alarms (1936)
 * Whoops, I'm an Indian! (1936)
 * Slippery Silks (1936)
 * Grips, Grunts and Groans (1937)
 * Dizzy Doctors (1937)
 * Three Dumb Clucks (1937)
 * Back to the Woods (1937)
 * Goofs and Saddles (1937)
 * Cash and Carry (1937)
 * Playing the Ponies (1937)
 * The Sitter Downers (1937)
 * Termites of 1938 (1938)
 * Wee Wee Monsieur (1938)
 * Tassels in the Air (1938)
 * Healthy, Wealthy and Dumb (1938)
 * Violent Is the Word for Curly (1938)
 * Three Missing Links (1938)
 * Mutts to You (1938)
 * Flat Foot Stooges (1938)
 * Three Little Sew and Sews (1939)
 * We Want Our Mummy (1939)
 * A Ducking They Did Go (1939)
 * Screen Snapshots: Stars on Horseback (1939)
 * Yes, We Have No Bonanza (1939)
 * Saved by the Belle (1939)
 * Calling All Curs (1939)
 * Oily to Bed, Oily to Rise (1939)
 * Three Sappy People (1939)
 * You Nazty Spy! (1940)
 * Screen Snapshots: Art and Artists (1940)
 * Rockin' thru the Rockies (1940)
 * A Plumbing We Will Go (1940)
 * Nutty But Nice (1940)
 * How High Is Up? (1940)
 * From Nurse to Worse (1940)
 * No Census, No Feeling (1940)
 * Cookoo Cavaliers (1940)
 * Boobs in Arms (1940)
 * So Long Mr. Chumps (1941)
 * Dutiful But Dumb (1941)
 * All the World's a Stooge (1941)
 * I'll Never Heil Again (1941)
 * An Ache in Every Stake (1941)
 * In the Sweet Pie and Pie (1941)
 * Some More of Samoa (1941)
 * Loco Boy Makes Good (1942)
 * What's the Matador? (1942)
 * Cactus Makes Perfect (1942)
 * Matri-Phony (1942)
 * Three Smart Saps (1942)
 * Even as IOU (1942)
 * Sock-a-Bye Baby (1942)
 * They Stooge to Conga (1943)
 * Dizzy Detectives (1943)
 * Spook Louder (1943)
 * Back from the Front (1943)
 * Three Little Twirps (1943)
 * Higher Than a Kite (1943)
 * I Can Hardly Wait (1943)
 * Dizzy Pilots (1943)
 * Phony Express (1943)
 * A Gem of a Jam (1943)
 * Crash Goes the Hash (1944)
 * Busy Buddies (1944)
 * The Yoke's on Me (1944)
 * Idle Roomers (1944)
 * Gents Without Cents (1944)
 * No Dough Boys (1944)
 * Three Pests in a Mess (1945)
 * Booby Dupes (1945)
 * Idiots Deluxe (1945)
 * If a Body Meets a Body (1945)
 * Micro-Phonies (1945)
 * Beer Barrel Polecats (1946)
 * A Bird in the Head (1946)
 * Uncivil War Birds (1946)
 * The Three Troubledoers (1946)
 * Monkey Businessmen (1946)
 * Three Loan Wolves (1946)
 * G.I. Wanna Home (1946)
 * Rhythm and Weep (1946)
 * Three Little Pirates (1946)
 * Half-Wits Holiday (1947)
 * Hold That Lion! (1947) (cameo appearance)
 * Malice in the Palace (1949) (cameo appearance, deleted)
 * Booty and the Beast (1953, recycled footage from Hold That Lion! shortly after Curly's passing)

title: Curly Howard


text: File:Weird Al Yankovic - Dare to Be Stupid.jpg


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Barney Danson

Barnett Jerome "Barney" Danson (February 8, 1921 – October 17, 2011) was a Canadian politician and Cabinet minister.

Family
Barnett Jerome "Barney" Danson was born to a Jewish family in Toronto's Parkdale neighbourhood. He joined The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada in 1939 as the Second World War broke out. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant and served until he was severely wounded, losing an eye, in the Battle of Normandy. His ailment created an interest in the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) and its library for the blind and visually impaired, which he maintained until his death.

He returned to Canada and joined his family's insurance business before entering the plastics industry with his own company, the Danson Corporation. He also served as president of the Society of the Plastics Industry of Canada.

In 2002, his autobiography, Not Bad for a Sergeant: The Memoirs of Barney Danson, was published.

His son, Tim Danson, is a Toronto lawyer known as a victim's rights advocate and for having represented the families of Paul Bernardo's victims.

Politics
Danson was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1968 general election as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for the Toronto-area riding of York North. Danson was unsuccessful during his first attempt at politics as an Ontario Liberal Party candidate in the 1967 provincial election in the riding of York Mills.

In 1970, he became Parliamentary Secretary to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, and was appointed to the Cabinet in 1974 as Minister of State for urban affairs. In 1976, he was promoted to Minister of National Defence. While Minister of National Defence, he was appointed the Honorary Lieutenant Colonel of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada, his regiment.

He served in that position until the defeat of the Liberal government in the 1979 general election, in which he lost his seat. Danson received an honorary degree (1993) from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, of which he was a former chancellor.

As a Member of the Privy Council Danson was styled "The Honourable".

Service
Danson is the co-founder along with Jacques Hébert of Katimavik, the national youth volunteer programme. Danson served as Canada's Consul General in Boston from 1984 to 1986.

He served on corporate and not-for-profit boards of directors such as the Canadian Executive Services Organization (CESO), Canadian Council of Christians and Jews, the Atlantic Council, the Empire Club of Canada, the Ballet Opera House Corporation, de Havilland Aircraft of Canada, Algoma Central Corporation, General steelwares, the Royal Conservatory of Music, and Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business.

During his last years, Danson was chairman of the advisory committee of the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa and produced No Price Too High, a six-part series broadcast on CBC Television on Canada's role in World War II.

A theatre in the Canadian War Museum is named for him in honour of his service and to his four closest war-time friends killed in action; Sgt Fred B. Harris-Queen's, Lt Gerald Rayner, Lt Earl R. Stoll, and Lt Harlan David Keely.

Awards
Danson was named an Officer of France's National Order of Merit (1994), and the Churchill Society's Award for "Excellence in the Cause of Parliamentary Democracy" (1995). In 1996, Danson was named an Officer of the Order of Canada and promoted to Companion in 2008.

In 2000, he was awarded the Vimy Award. In 2006, Danson was made an honorary Doctor of Laws by York University of Toronto.

He was sworn in as a Member of the Privy Council on August 8, 1974, which gave him the title "The Honourable" for life.

On March 28, 2007, he was made a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour.

 * Barney Danson's Medals were in Order of Precedence

Archives
There is a Barney Danson fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

title: Barney Danson


text:
HighGrader

HighGrader is a Canadian cultural magazine. It was launched in 1995 by musician Charlie Angus and his wife, Brit Griffin, as a venue for journalism relating to rural lifestyle and culture in Northern Ontario.

Former newspaper publisher Syl Belisle of Timmins bought the magazine in 2004, and has since made several editorial and design changes. HighGrader supports northern Ontario writers, photographers and artists. Its circulation is worldwide consisting mostly ex-pats. HighGrader is published bi-monthly.

title: HighGrader


text:
Talk:Fisheries management

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:17, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Adriannew92.

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Types of yields
I added some of the content on types of yield (both in this article and in the individual yield articles), but I am not absolutely certain of the definitions:

 * maximum sustainable biomass yield
 * maximum sustainable economic yield
 * maximum sustainable yield
 * optimum sustainable yield

So I need someone to verify the content I wrote as well as add more info. —Lowellian (talk)  02:38, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

2006 economics fisheries management paper
I ran across Fisheries management with stock growth uncertainty and costly capital adjustment today. Like most economics papers, it's tough to interpret exactly. In its conclusion it says it "solves for the optimal management policy in a fishery [Alaska halibut] that is subject to stock growth uncertainty and costly capital adjustment". The optimal management is different from the current management in that, first of all, "fish stock is managed using a constant harvest rate (hereafter, CHR) rule, by which the catch is determined as a fixed percentage of the beginning period". They say that the "second obvious difference between the actual and optimal policy results from the restrictions placed on the consolidation of harvest quota; the number of boats in the pacific halibut fishery is bounded below". (Last clause seems like an error.) A bit later in the conclusion it says "Increased fleet size raises the immediate harvest value of the fish stock. All else equal, the fishery manager should increase current period catch if the fishing fleet is large, and leave more fish in the sea if the fleet is small. Leaving more fish for future harvest allows time to invest in more fishing boats which can harvest the surplus stock at lower cost and increase fishery value".

Anyway, if anyone wants to look at the article, shoot me an email. II | (t - c) 04:26, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. Actually it is available as a pdf here --Geronimo20 (talk) 07:08, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Variety of mechanisms
The "mechanisms" section seems to be missing some types of regulations, like "days at sea" limits, limited fishing seasons, daily quotas, etc. It would be interesting to have more discussion of the different types of regulations used in practice, and the pros and cons. -- Beland (talk) 17:53, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

Telemetry tags
Read an interesting press release on these tags. The article doesn't seem to be out yet (journal homepage). II | (t - c) 16:44, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Epipelagic's reversions
In what sense is this "political" and in what sense is it weak? They could as easily be described as economic or general, which is why I removed the qualifier. I think both "objectives" sections need to be restructured to separate objectives from activities. Please back out or cite this uncited text that you restored:

 * "The political goal of resource use is often a weak part of the system of fisheries management, as objectives can conflict. "

You restored this misleading sentence:

 * " losing $50 billion USD each year through depleted stocks and poor fisheries management"
 * This implies that the industry is massively unprofitable, which the prior wording " depleted stocks and poor fisheries management are costing the world's fishing fleets $50 billion USD " does not. The prior wording was also shorter and eliminated the prepositional construction. Please reverse your change.

This sentence is not logical and its point is already captured in the text above it, that there aren't as many fish as there would be with better managed fisheries.:

 * "In addition, the biomass of global fish stocks have been allowed to run down to the point where it is no longer possible to catch the amount of fish that could be caught."

"the role of elderly maternal fish in not primarily a matter of size"

 * For a given species, size is the metric of age, which is why fisheries use size limits rather than (unmeasurable) age limits as a control mechanism.

You write, "this (uncited) addition in no way illuminates the point of this section)" about:

 * "Conversely, many species do not begin to reproduce until they have lived for years or decades. Harvesting young fish may mean that no individuals of a given generation survive long enough to begin reproducing."

What is the point of this section? It reads like a discussion of a fisheries management technique. If so, the paragraph is completely germane. I take your point about the cite, but the article has lots of uncited material in it.

 * Okay, I've cited the bit you wanted cited and reworded the World Bank passage so it quotes directly from the horses mouth. I have no idea what your issue is with elderly maternal fish. This is recent research which cuts across received wisdom in fisheries research. I put it in as an interesting example of the new ecosystem approach to fisheries. It does not particularly belong as a key point under "management mechanism" as you keep insisting. It is more a refinement which applies only to certain species. Nor is it primarily a matter of "size", which seems also such an issue with you. The main point is that the fish are elderly breeders. Why do you keep changing things that do not need changing, and are not improved by the changes? And I do not understand why you insist on adding your own, uncited thoughts on matters like this? Do you really have an expert background here? Even if you have, if you want to add stuff like that then make sure that it relates to the research on elderly maternal fish, and cite it appropriately. --Epipelagic (talk) 02:05, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the cite, although you didn't address my deeper issue, which is that the point isn't a good one. The issues it mentions aren't specifically political, although they may indeed conflict. Also, you picked your point from a sentence that doesn't recommend itself strongly. It's ungrammatical, possibly a poor xlation, suggesting that it may not be properly conveying its authors intent. To wit:
 * "The political goal of resource use is often a weak part of fisheries management system as conflicting objective is often found when exploiting a fish resource as to maximize sustainable biomass yield and sustainable economic yield, to increase employment in certain regions, to secure protein production, food supply and increase export income."
 * Your cites don't mention the word "elderly", which is an absolute measure, and which in reference to people means well past retirement. They do mention "older", which simply means not young. And the measure of "older", as I stated, is size! To wit:
 * "A 50 cm Boccacio rockfish, for example, will produce nearly 200,000 larvae, while an 80 cm fish will produce ten times that - nearly 2 million."

You don't address my other points, which is your choice. I don't fight reversion wars, so this is as good as we'll get. I am not an expert in the field, but I don't believe that my edits conveyed anything different. We may have to disagree on that, too. Lfstevens (talk) 04:59, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Better structure needed
This article needs a better structure and use of standard headings. EMsmile (talk) 06:56, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I've done a bit of work on this now; I have tried to move things to more logical places so that we have more Level-2 headings instead of everything as a Level-1 heading. EMsmile (talk) 14:33, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fisheries management


text:
Talk:Terra Lliure

Terrorist
I am not sure if TLl follows the conditions listed in Category:Terrorist organizations. If they attacked Losantos, they do. If they don't, this article should specify its targets better. -- Error 02:41, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hard to Read
The grammar of this article is all over the place. Whoever wrote it may want to keep the verbs in one tense or another for clarity's sake.

Biased
Cvalda 14:29, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC) I think the article is a bit biased in favour of the organization. Rewrite. Thank you.

Fixed
So... i have fixed the POV issue, the grammar and the general structure of the article. Some links need to be check (i.e. television antennae) and the whole thing needs research and references. J4vier 00:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Links
I have removed two links. One was a dead end; the other was to a independentist website in which i found not direct info about TLL. J4vier 19:11, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Use of terrorism
It has been long discused and decided to avoid calling any group or person "terrorist", given its highly subjective meaning. Wikipedia itself has a particular page on this subject and does not consider encyclopedic the use "X is a terrorist" or "X is a terrorist organization" Wikipedia: Words to avoid - Terrorism whereas "X considers Y a terrorist organization" is accepted. I think the most important point on this subject is that there does not exist a common agreement on the definition of terrorism. This is the expression used to define the IRA. Even the Al-qaeda article does not call it terrorist.Please can I request permission to change it to "paramilitary organization" or anything similar? --213.189.161.202 18:02, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Bad link: Alerta
Alerta bulletin has nothing to do with Peruvian geography... --88.13.140.252 09:03, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 05:36, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Terra Lliure a Terrorist Organization
Terra Lliure meets every criterion to be quallified as a terrorist organization:

 * Attacks with explosives to civil, administrative , lawyers , police and military targets, with the results of serious injuries, deads and serious damages to property
 * kidnappings
 * Organized structure continued in time
 * Judicial sentences where they have been qualified as a terrorist organization including a sentence by the European Court of Human Rights Danielhythloday (talk) 14:46, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

a lot of that is very clearly orginal research. Terra lliure being legally considered a terrorist organisation is not grounds to call it one.190.248.136.154 (talk) 15:04, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

On the contrary, there's nothing of original research here. All are very public records, most of them quoted by other WP pages. Danielhythloday (talk) 18:10, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Terra Lliure


text:
Polka Party!

Polka Party! is the fourth studio album by "Weird Al" Yankovic, released on October 21, 1986. The album was produced by former The McCoys guitarist Rick Derringer. Recorded between April and September 1986, the album was Yankovic's follow-up to his successful 1985 release, Dare to Be Stupid. The album's lead single, "Living With a Hernia", failed to chart.

The music on Polka Party! is built around parodies and pastiches of pop and rock music of the mid-1980s, featuring direct parodies of James Brown, Mick Jagger, El DeBarge and Robert Palmer. The album also features many "style parodies", or musical imitations that come close to, but do not copy, existing artists. These style parodies include imitations of specific artists like Talking Heads, as well as imitations of various musical genres like country music.

Peaking at No. 177 on the Billboard 200, Polka Party! was met with mixed-to-negative reviews and was considered a commercial and critical failure. Despite this, the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Recording in 1988. Polka Party! is one of Yankovic's few studio albums not to be certified either Gold or Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Recording
Yankovic entered the recording studio in April 1986 to begin the sessions to his follow-up to 1985's Dare to Be Stupid. To produce the album, Yankovic brought in former McCoys guitarist Rick Derringer, who had also produced Yankovic's previous albums. Backing Yankovic were Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz on drums, Steve Jay on bass, and Jim West on guitar. The album was recorded in roughly three sessions. The first session took place between April 22 and 23, and yielded four originals: "Don't Wear Those Shoes", "One of Those Days", "Dog Eat Dog", and "Christmas at Ground Zero". The second session, which spanned August 4–5, produced three parodies: "Living with a Hernia", "Addicted to Spuds", and "Here's Johnny". The final session, which lasted from August 29 to September 1, produced the parody "Toothless People", an original song named "Good Enough for Now", and the album's titular polka medley. Thematically, Yankovic described the record as "not a whole lot different than" the other albums he had recorded, calling the process "even a bit formulaic".

Originals
On April 22, 1986, Yankovic began recording three new original songs for his next album: "Don't Wear Those Shoes", "One of Those Days", and "Dog Eat Dog". Although "Don't Wear Those Shoes" is an original composition, Yankovic admitted that the intro was inspired by the style of The Kinks. Lyrically, the song is a plea by the singer to his wife not to not wear certain shoes which he cannot stand. "One of Those Days" is a song detailing horrible things as if they were everyday annoyances. Each horrible thing escalates up to global annihilation while more mundane annoyances pop up at different times.

"Dog Eat Dog" is a style parody of Talking Heads. Described as a "tongue-in-cheek look at office life", the song was inspired by Yankovic's past experience of working in the mailroom and traffic department at the Westwood One radio station. He noted, "At first I thought [the job] was kinda cool that I had a phone and a desk and a little cubicle to call my own, but after a while I felt like my soul had been sucked out of me." The song features a line directly parodying the Talking Heads song "Once In a Lifetime": "Sometimes I tell myself, this is not my beautiful stapler/Sometimes I tell myself, this is not my beautiful chair!" This mirrors a similar line in the Talking Heads song: "You may tell yourself, this is not my beautiful house/You may tell yourself, this is not my beautiful wife".

On April 23, Yankovic recorded "Christmas at Ground Zero". The song, "a cheery little tune about death, destruction and the end of the world" was the result of Scotti Brothers Records' insistence that Yankovic release a Christmas record. After Yankovic presented the song to his label, they relented, because it was "a little different from what they were expecting." After the song's release, some radio stations banned the record, a move that Yankovic attributes to "most people [not wanting] to hear about nuclear annihilation during the holiday season." Following the September 11 attacks, when the general term "ground zero" was co-opted as a proper name for the World Trade Center site where two of those attacks took place, the disturbing lyrics caused this song to be banned largely from radio. Yankovic wanted the song to receive a video, but due to budget reasons, his label did not agree. Yankovic, however, directed one himself which was mostly made up of stock footage, with a live action finale that was filmed in a run-down part of the Bronx, New York that "looked like a bomb had fallen on it."

The final original that was recorded was "Good Enough for Now", a country music pastiche about how the singer's lover, while not the best, will do for now.

Parodies and polka
On August 4, Yankovic began recording parodies starting with "Living with a Hernia". The song, a spoof of "Living in America" by James Brown—which was also the theme to the 1985 film Rocky IV—is about hernias. When it came time to pick a song to parody as the lead single for Polka Party! Scotti Brothers Records "had some very strong ideas" and wished to have Yankovic parody a musician who was signed on the same label. After "Living in America" became a hit, the record label insisted that Yankovic parody the song, to which Yankovic obliged. In order to accurately write the song, Yankovic researched the various types of hernias. Yankovic noted that "it was a real thrill to do James Brown. I'm a total non-dancer, never went to any dances in high school, but if I analytically dissect a dance routine I can figure it out." A choreographer named Chester Whitmore was hired to accurately create the dance scenes featured in the video, which was shot on the concert set actually used in the movie Rocky IV. The second parody recorded was "Addicted to Spuds", a pastiche of "Addicted to Love" by Robert Palmer, about a man's obsession for potatoes and potato-based dishes. A music video for the song was never made because there was a strict budget for videos for the album, and Yankovic felt that the video would be "one joke" and not really worth its own video. A parody of Palmer's video, however, was later inserted into Al's "UHF" video.

On August 5, Yankovic recorded "Here's Johnny", a parody of "Who's Johnny" by El DeBarge. The song, a loving ode to The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson announcer Ed McMahon, features John Roarke of the television series Fridays fame doing an impression of McMahon's voice. According to Yankovic, Peter Wolf, the man who wrote "Who's Johnny", enjoyed the parody idea so much that he personally brought into the studio the floppy disc that contained the song's programmed synthesizer parts. The final parody recorded for the album was "Toothless People", a play on Mick Jagger's "Ruthless People", which was recorded on August 29, 1986. The song, about elderly people who are missing their teeth, was written after Yankovic heard it would be the theme to the 1986 film Ruthless People. Assuming the song would be a hit, Yankovic requested and received permission from Jagger to record a parody version. Jagger's song, however, was never a hit, but because Jagger had "approved" the parody, he decided failing to produce it would be an "insult" to the artist.

The album's polka medley, the titular "Polka Party!", was recorded on the same day as "Here's Johnny". This was Yankovic's third polka medley, and his only medley to bear the same name as an album. Like his other medleys, the song is a conglomeration of then-popular songs in music.

Promotion
To promote the album's release, Scotti Brothers Records purchased full-page ads in Billboard magazine that advertised the release as Yankovic's "biggest bash yet". Unlike previous albums, Yankovic did not undertake a tour to promote Polka Party! Instead, he opened for the American rock band the Monkees; Yankovic later joked that the Monkees merely "closed" for him. Yankovic explained that while it "was a fun tour" and that the crowds were very enthusiastic, the tension between the Monkees was obvious; on his website, he wrote that while the band members "are all terrific people individually", they "didn't seem to get along all that great when they weren't on stage."

Critical response
Polka Party! received mixed to negative reviews from critics. AllMusic reviewer Eugene Chadbourne gave the album three stars and wrote that "just about anyone could feel let down by this album." Chadbourne was largely critical of the parody choices, noting that many of the original versions would be forgotten in "fifteen years". Christopher Thelen from The Daily Vault gave Polka Party! an F and described it as an album that "seemed like it could well have been the 'last call' for Yankovic." Thelen heavily criticized the record, writing that both the parodies and originals were not good and that "Yankovic [was] going through the motions". Rolling Stone awarded the album three-and-a-half stars, tying it with the 1992 album Off the Deep End and the 1999 release Running with Scissors as Yankovic's best-rated album. Although it was not a critical success, the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Recording in 1987, but lost to Bill Cosby's Those of You with or Without Children, You'll Understand.

Despite the album's lackluster reception, many of the songs on the album, such as "Dog Eat Dog", "Addicted to Spuds", and "Christmas at Ground Zero", went on to become fan favorites and live staples. Two of the album's tracks, "Living with a Hernia" and "Addicted to Spuds", appeared on Yankovic's first greatest hits album (1988), "Christmas at Ground Zero" appeared on the second volume (1994). In addition, the 1994 box set Permanent Record: Al in the Box contained five of the album's songs: "Addicted to Spuds", "Dog Eat Dog", "Here's Johnny", "Living with a Hernia", and "Christmas at Ground Zero". Only "Dog Eat Dog", however, appeared on Yankovic's 2009 Essential collection, although the 3.0 version contained "Living with a Hernia".

Commercial performance
Polka Party! was released October 21, 1986. After it was released, the album peaked at No. 177 on the Billboard 200. Compared to Yankovic's previous albums—Dare to Be Stupid peaked at No. 50 and In 3-D peaked at No. 17 —Polka Party! was considered a commercial disappointment for the comedian. The album was the lowest-charting studio album released by Yankovic and is one of his few studio albums not to be certified either Gold or Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The others include the soundtrack to his film UHF (1989) and Poodle Hat (2003).

Yankovic was dismayed by the album's lackluster reception. He noted that he "thought it was the end of [his] career". Yankovic explained that "I figured I'd peaked with 'Eat It' and 'Like a Surgeon' and now people were slowly forgetting about me and I was well on my way to obscurity." However, Yankovic's next album, Even Worse, would resurrect his career and become his best-selling album at the time; the experience led Yankovic to realize that "careers have peaks and valleys, and whenever I go through the rough times, another peak might be right around the corner."

Personnel
Credits adapted from LP liner notes.

Band members
 * "Weird Al" Yankovic – lead and background vocals, accordion, keyboards, glockenspiel
 * Jim West – guitars, background vocals
 * Steve Jay – bass guitar, banjo, background vocals
 * Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
 * Pat Regan – synthesizers
 * Rick Derringer – guitars
 * Lisa Popeil – background vocals
 * The Waters Sisters – background vocals
 * Warren Luening – trumpet
 * Bill Anderson – tenor saxophone
 * Gary Herbig – baritone saxophone
 * Joel Peskin – clarinet
 * Tommy Johnson – tuba
 * Jim Cox – pedal steel synth
 * Dennis Fetchet – fiddle
 * Sonny Burke – piano
 * John Roarke – voice of Ed McMahon

Technical
 * Rick Derringer – producer
 * "Weird Al" Yankovic – arranger
 * Tony Papa – engineer, mixing
 * Jamey Dell – assistant engineer
 * Lane/Donald – art direction
 * Dennis Keeley – cover pictures

title: Polka Party!


text:
Talk:Polka Party!

Al's worst selling album == ==

The articles about Toothless People and Ruthless People say that 'Polka Party!' is Weird Al's worst selling album. Since I don't know any reliable sources for this and I am also too tired to look for them right now (and because my English is pretty bad as well) I do not want to write this into the article. This is the only thing that I found. de:Benutzer:Lockenlord -- 84.133.183.181 (talk) 07:12, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

album discontinued== ==

I removed the line regarding the album being discontinued as of August 2009. I don't see any evidence of this one any websites. in fact, Al's site shows that all of his albums are available for sale. there is a similar comment posted on pages for some of Al's other albums.

Short Circuit? Not Ed McMahon?
The intro section states that Here's Johnny is inspired by the movie Short Circuit, but the later description (as well as the lyrics to the song) does not support this.

2warped@gmail.com 66.41.250.223 (talk) 03:57, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

no one seems to mention that "one of those days" is a style parody of george thorogood, sounds a lot like him to me — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.174.243.12 (talk) 11:36, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polka Party!


text:
Category:New Zealand actors

This category lists actors and actresses of the stage, cinema or television who were born in New Zealand, or who identify themselves as New Zealanders.

title: Category:New Zealand actors


text:
WUVG-DT

WUVG-DT (channel 34) is a television station licensed to Athens, Georgia, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Univision and UniMás networks to the Atlanta area. Owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision, the station maintains studios on Peachtree Road NE in the Buckhead section of Atlanta and a primary transmitter in North Druid Hills.

WUVG-DT was established as WNGM-TV, a station serving the Athens area, in 1989. Its focus broadened to Atlanta in the 1990s as the station was sold several times, airing home shopping, music videos, and then an independent format under the ownership of USA Broadcasting. It switched to Univision in January 2002, making it the first Spanish-language station in the market.

WNGM-TV
The station went on air on April 18, 1989, as WNGM-TV, with the call sign standing for "North Georgia Mountains". Initially the station ran a general entertainment format with cartoons, classic and recent sitcoms, blocks of country music programming, old movies and syndicated first-run shows; it also aired a local newscast and magazine program focusing on north Georgia.

WNGM-TV was owned by a company including the final two applicants for the channel: Georgia Mountain Corporation and Sunbelt Television, Inc., which merged their bids in 1985 and won the construction permit. Its transmitter was located 60 mi away from Atlanta, reaching Athens with a grade A signal while sending a very weak signal into eastern metro Atlanta. As a result, many syndicators sold the rights for shows that were already on the Atlanta stations to WNGM. The station provided an alternative to viewers in areas which had moderate VHF reception and poor UHF reception from Atlanta; Clarke County had a cable penetration rate of 83 percent, 30 points above the national average.

NGM Television Partners, the licensee, sold the station for $10 million in 1996 to Whitehead Media, which the next year formalized a time brokerage agreement under which Paxson Communications Corporation began operating channel 34. However, Paxson opted the next year to divest itself of extra stations in markets where it controlled more than one, such as Atlanta, where it owned WPXA-TV. The $73.5 million sale by Paxson of the operating rights and by Whitehead of the licenses for WNGM-TV and WOAC in Canton, Ohio, to Global Broadcasting Systems, Inc., was terminated a month later when the buyer failed to post an escrow deposit.

From 1996 until September 1, 1997, WNGM-TV aired Paxson's Infomall TV infomercial network, then switching to separate but similar home shopping programming, which was an issue at play in a cable carriage dispute with MediaOne over whether it had to be placed on a series of major Atlanta-area cable systems.

"Hotlanta 34"
In 1998, USA Broadcasting acquired WNGM for $50 million. It was part of a larger deal between Paxson and USA that allowed Paxson-owned stations in New Orleans and Memphis to make early exits from affiliation contracts with the Home Shopping Network, gave Paxson a station serving Portland, Oregon, and put USA Broadcasting in every top 10 market but Detroit. After the USA acquisition, the home shopping programming was dropped and replaced with music videos from The Box—which led the FCC to greenlight the station's push for must-carry in the Atlanta area that August.

In November 1999, WNGM was the third of four USAB stations after Miami's WAMI-TV to convert to USAB's new "CityVision" general entertainment format and became "Hotlanta 34" under new WHOT-TV call letters. The centerpiece of the plan was a three-year contract for the rights to telecast Atlanta Hawks basketball. The move was made after WATL (channel 36) opted not to renew its deal because of the expanding program offerings of The WB. However, after the format failed to take off where it was introduced and the company registered operating losses of $62 million in 2000, Diller opted to sell the stations to Univision in 2001.

Univision Georgia
While some of the stations were used to start Telefutura, a second network, the purchase gave Univision its first ever broadcast outlet in Atlanta, where the Latino population had grown by 362 percent during the 1990s. Under new WUVG call letters, channel 34 changed to Spanish-language programming on January 14, 2002. While local news was not immediately added, WUVG began producing a public affairs program in Spanish, Nuestra Georgia (Our Georgia), the first such program on Atlanta television since 1997.

News operation
WUVG launched its news department in April 2011, with two daily half-hour evening newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m.—branded as Noticias 34 Atlanta (News 34 Atlanta)—anchored by Amanda Ramirez (now at WLII-DT) and Gianncarlo Cifuentes. The station also maintained a partnership with WGCL-TV (now WANF) for news coverage.

The station's other local program is a weekend newsmagazine, Conexión Fin de Semana.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Translator
WUVG-DT maintains a digital replacement translator, which supplements channel 34's coverage in the city of license, Athens.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WUVG shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 34, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 48, using virtual channel 34; it was later repacked to channel 18.

title: WUVG-DT


text:
File:Weird Al Yankovic - Even Worse.jpg

Summary
Cover for the album Even Worse by "Weird Al" Yankovic

title: File:Weird Al Yankovic - Even Worse.jpg