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Patentability

Within the context of a national or multilateral body of law, an invention is patentable if it meets the relevant legal conditions to be granted a patent. By extension, patentability also refers to the substantive conditions that must be met for a patent to be held valid.

Requirements
The patent laws usually require that, for an invention to be patentable, it must be:
 * Patentable subject matter, i.e., a kind of subject-matter eligible for patent protection (also called "statutory patentable subject-matter")
 * Novel (i.e. at least some aspect of it must be new)
 * Non-obvious (in United States patent law) or involve an inventive step (in European patent law)
 * Useful (in U.S. patent law) or be susceptible of industrial application (in European patent law )

Usually the term "patentability" only refers to "substantive" conditions, and does not refer to formal conditions such as the "sufficiency of disclosure", the "unity of invention" or the "best mode requirement".

Judging patentability is one aspect of the official examination of a patent application performed by a patent examiner and may be tested in post-grant patent litigation.

Prior to filing a patent application, inventors sometimes obtain a patentability opinion from a patent agent or patent attorney regarding whether an invention satisfies the substantive conditions of patentability.

Opposition and reexamination
Many national and regional patent offices provide procedures for reconsidering whether or not a given patent is valid after grant. Under the European Patent Convention, any person can file an opposition provided they act promptly after the patent is granted. In the United States, members of the public can initiate reexamination proceedings. Japan provides similar options. In India, the Patent Act provides for a dual opposition system i.e. pre-grant opposition as well as post grant opposition. While a pre-grant opposition may be filed by any person, the post grant opposition may only be filed by a person interested in the field of invention.

Members of the public can also initiate lawsuits in the courts of various nations to have patents declared invalid.

United Kingdom patents can be reviewed by way of a non-binding opinion issued by the Patent Office, or by formal applications for revocation before the Patent Office or the Court. If the patent survives a revocation action, this fact is noted for future reference by way of a Certificate of contested validity.

Infringement
The fact that an invention is patentable or even patented does not necessarily mean that use of the invention would not also infringe another patent. The first patent in a given area might include a broad claim covering a general inventive concept if there is at that point no relevant prior art. Later, a specific implementation of that concept might be patentable if it is not disclosed in the earlier patent (or any intervening prior art), but nevertheless still falls within the scope of the earlier claim (covering the general concept). This means that the later inventor must obtain a license from the earlier inventor to be able to exploit their invention. At the same time, the earlier inventor might want to obtain a license from the later inventor, particularly if the later invention represents a significant improvement in the implementation of the original broad concept. In this case, the two enter into a cross license.

Thomas Edison's thin carbon filament light bulb was a patentable improvement over the earlier patented Woodward and Evans thick carbon filament light bulb. Thomas Edison bought the Woodward patent for $5,000 US before he began his development work so that Woodward would not be able to later sue him for patent infringement after Edison became commercially successful.

United States
Under United States patent law, inventorship is also regarded as a patentability criterion. It is a constitutional requirement. Congress's ability to grant patents is authorized only for the inventor. This was confirmed by case law: "Inventorship is indeed relevant to patentability under 35 U.S.C. § 102(f), and patents have in the past been held unenforceable for failure to correctly name inventors in cases where the named inventors acted in bad faith or with deceptive intent."

Details on patentability in the U.S. can be found in the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure or MPEP. This is published by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and is the reference manual used by both patent examiners and patent agents/attorneys. Chapter 2100, in particular, gives a comprehensive overview of the standards for patentability, a discussion of the related case law, and guidance on how to overcome an examiner's rejection of a given set of claims.

In the United States, the patent grant is presumptive, e.g. a patent shall issue unless the patent statutes preclude the grant. In other words, the burden is on the Patent Office to prove why a patent should not be granted. Once a patent issues, however, it is presumed valid and a court may declare it invalid only on the basis of clear and convincing evidence.

Europe
Terminology in Europe, within the member states of the European Patent Organisation, is slightly different from U.S. terminology. While in the U.S. all patent applications are considered to cover inventions automatically, in Europe a patent application is first submitted to a test whether it covers an invention at all: the first out of four tests of (the other three being novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability). So an "invention" in European legal terminology is similar to "patentable subject-matter" in the American system. Articles 52-57 of the European Patent Convention are concerned with patentability.

India
Under the Indian Patent Act (1970), "inventions" are defined as a new product or process involving an inventive step and capable of industrial application. Thus the patentability criteria largely involves novelty, inventive step and industrial application or usability of the invention. In addition, section 3 of the Patent Act, 1970, also provides a list of non-patentable inventions for e.g. inventions that are frivolous or contrary to well established to natural laws.

Quotes

 * [The question whether there is a patentable invention] is as fugitive, impalpable, wayward, and vague a phantom as exists in the whole paraphernalia of legal concepts. It involves, or it should involve, as complete a reconstruction of the art that preceded it as is possible. The test of invention is the originality of the discovery, and discovery depends upon the mental act of conceiving the new combination, for substantially every invention is only a combination. Nothing is more illusory, as nothing is more common, than to assume that this can be measured objectively by the magnitude of the physical readjustments required. Courts never tire, or at least in earlier times they never did, of expatiating upon the freshness of insight which observes a little, but fruitful, change which had theretofore escaped detection by those engaged in the field. When all is said, we are called upon imaginatively to project this act of discovery against a hypostatized average practitioner, acquainted with all that has been published and all that has been publicly sold. If there be an issue more troublesome, or more apt for litigation than this, we are not aware of it. (...)
 * - US Judge Learned Hand in Harries v. Air King Prod. Co., 183 F.2d 158, 162 (2d Cir. 1950).

title: Patentability


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User talk:Pinoygabs

I asked you once on your IP talk page to not add an article that hasn't been deleted to WP:VFU. Please do not continue to do so. CryptoDerk 05:24, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Please stop voting multiple times. You are allowed one vote on VFD, please follow protocol. CryptoDerk 05:42, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

You keep adding the article to WP:VFU but it's not deleted yet! Please stop doing this! CryptoDerk 05:48, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Okay okay, I get it. I'm quite new to this thing so sorry for the errors. Gabs 06:03, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

No problem. You may want to check out these pages for more guidance on how to use Wikipedia:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Cheers. CryptoDerk 06:04, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, CryptoDerk. Hey, I hope you realize, that discussion on HotBasic is nothing personal, just principle, okay? Kudos! Gabs 06:19, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Of course. We both have differing opinions.  I am just trying to be as logical as possible regarding my opinion which is based on my interpretation of policy.  If consensus ends up keeping the article, it will make me reevaluate the way I interpret the policy in cases relating to that of HotBasic.  If consensus ends up deleting the article, I would hope it would do the same for you.  Although I didn't list HotBasic for VfD, please don't get discouraged.  When I was first starting out I created an article that was VfD (and ultimately deleted) because I just wasn't familiar about "what's in and what's out" -- of course, this is constantly evolving.  CryptoDerk 07:02, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * That's okay. I just thought HotBasic was notable enough to be included in Wiki since I saw RapidQ included there at present. Since RapidQ's development died, and HotBasic came to continue and improve on it, that brought about my intent to put the entry in Wiki. I have no affiliation with HotBasic's author, though, other than a user. Anyway, I've already taken your point and Stormie's (already posted in the VFD thread), so there's not much point in me dragging a losing case. =) Gabs 07:07, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi there.. please understand that it's nothing personal from my point of view either! I thought it was borderline-notable and thus listed it for discussion. It will only be deleted if there is a strong consensus to do so, which at the moment there isn't. I'm actually reconsidering the matter - since your original article referred to Rapid-Q rather than RapidQ I thought you were saying it was compatible with.. some other compiler we didn't have an article on. :-) When in fact we do! And then I looked in BASIC programming language and saw how many other BASIC implementations we have articles on. Check back in a day or two. —Stormie 09:04, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Stormie. I will look forward to the consensus of the group, good news or not. At least now I know Wiki is really taken cared of by people like you and CryptoDerk. Kudos! Gabs 09:47, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! --Jondel 06:08, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome, Jondel, I'll keep your handy reminders in mind. Kudos! Gabs 23:36, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure. Are you pinoy?--Jondel 06:15, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes I am. Are you too? Gabs 06:28, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes I am. Kumusta! Can I ask why is your name Gabs?--Jondel 09:19, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi. Gabs stands for my nickname, it's the shortname for Gabriel. Where are you based right now? Gabs 09:29, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I work in Japan. I write for a technical newspaper. I 've written lots of pinoy articles at wikipedia, specially on languages in the philippines and Spanish . I used to do C++ programming until jobs thinned out. Then I became a reporter. --Jondel 00:45, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Same as you, I'm also based elsewhere, currently in Korea working for a compliance testlab. Also an avid collector of BASIC dialects, I'm currently using HotBasic because it's the most promising of the lot among the up and coming BASIC variants out there. Nice to know a fellow Filipino like you, Jondel. Gabs 00:48, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Welcome
Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. I'm sympathetic to Basic dialects, as I was heavily involved in one once - see B32 Business Basic. That's long dead, which probably makes it less controversial for inclusion here. Anyway, don't get discouraged if the article on HotBasic doesn't survive, perhaps try another article on it when it has a larger user base.-gadfium 22:58, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, gadfium, I really appreciate your open-mindedness to this situation. Nonetheless, I am still hopeful that the article will survive, and to this I am also thankful to CryptoDerk and Stormie for sharing their viewpoints and their vigilant monitoring on the subject. At least it just proves that Wiki as the encyclopedia that it is is not that easy to mess around with, and if new topics do survive the meticulous litmus test, then it does deserve a place in Wiki. Kudos! Gabs 23:34, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Visual Basic Classic wikibook
I see you have contributed to the BASIC programming language article on Wikipedia. Any chance you would like to join in editing the wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Visual_Basic_Classic? --Kjwhitefoot 10:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Pinoygabs


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User talk:Nicholasjones

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for your contributions to classical genetics! --Lexor|Talk 05:28, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nicholasjones


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Talk:Boronia railway station

I made a few changes to wording, but I really think that a lot of this is irrelevant detail that doesn't need to be in the article. Philip J. Rayment 05:32, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. I wouldn't call Busybodies or McDonalds landmarks. The platform details need tidying, and the information about coin-only ticket machines and the amount of validating machines seems excessive. Obviously the redevelopment of the station a few years ago is much more pertinent, I might make this a task for tomorrow. Cnwb 05:44, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * The station was redeveloped in 1998, to alleviate the dangerous and cumbersome crossing at the intersection of Dorset Road and Boronia Road. I still haven't had time to track down anything more than that, but I'll get there eventually. Cnwb 05:49, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I have rewritten most of this article, based on the same style as Box Hill railway station, Melbourne and Laburnum railway station, Melbourne. I have also added

I skimmed out the bits about McDs nearby, "landmarks", and about what types of money the ticket machines accept. I have copied most of the information excluding what I mentioned then. I'm not good at writing articles, so try to correct my writing style if you can. Somebody in the WWW 00:27, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boronia railway station


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Kam

David Kam
This one's a pure vanity page about the "Canadian artist David Kam" by Canadianartist, who I suspect is named David Kam. He's also posted Thinkism art movement and Thinkism, which are identical; he's also been adding pointers to his own web site on bunches of articles (these changes were reversed by SimonP). Please, someone, convince me that this is a legitimate notable art movement rather than one guy with a lot of energy. --jpgordon 05:34, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Undelete all three. All you people who want to delete "Thinkism" have not proven your point that the Thinkism Art Movement is not an actual art movement; we may only have 5 artists that are part of our movement, but our movement is new and will grow. An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time (usually a few months, years or decades). See outside source (http://arthistory.about.com/library/outlines/blcontemporary.htm?terms=thinkism) The goal of the Thinksim Art Movement is to produce socially conscious art, with important themes such as the protection of the extinction of species, terrorism, the problems with globalization...etc. Once upon a time "Impressionism" was not considered art by the established French institutions, and not allowed to exhibit their art. If promoting the protection of the extinction of species (such as Pandas, the Rhino, the African Elephant, the Blue Whale, and other endangered species is vanity, then so be it? The underlying foundation of all arts is love, so why should love not be promoted? Canadianartist

 * Delete all three. The Thinkism Art Movement was founded by Canadian artist David Kam on September 12, 2004.  Enough said.  SWAdair | Talk  08:19, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If that quote came from one of the articles: delete. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]]
 * Delete - you can find references to Thinkism on a number of external web sites, but as far as I can tell they are all either operated by David Kam or sites that accept self-authored material. I can't find any references from idependent or peer-reviewed sources. -- Solipsist 11:17, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Clearly appears to be self-promotion. Average Earthman 11:58, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Thinkism was already VfDed back in May and then deleted with unanimous agreement (Talk:Thinkism/deletion). Thinkism, and Thinkism art movement, which is an exact copy, can thus by speedy deleted. - SimonP 12:41, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete all three, if that's allowed. Don't we need to list them here? --Improv 16:31, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity/self-promotion.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:02, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity/self-promotion, as the author clearly states. Ambi 03:31, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Talk:HMCS Chicoutimi

Reworked
I reworked the Chicoutimi page to be a disambiguation, since there was a WW2-era HMCS Chicoutimi, and World War 2-era corvettes are the sort of thing people might be interested in. The original Chicoutimi page was just a redirect to HMS Upholder (S40), so the original content is still out there. Lord Bob 05:36, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMCS Chicoutimi


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Korokke

Korokke (コロッケ; ) is a Japanese deep-fried yōshoku dish originally related to a French dish, the croquette. Korokke is made by mixing cooked chopped meat, seafood, or vegetables with mashed potato or white sauce, usually shaped like a flat patty, rolling it in wheat flour, eggs, and Japanese-style breadcrumbs, then deep-frying this until brown on the outside.

History
In 1887, the French croquette was introduced to Japan. It is thought that the korokke using mashed potatoes was invented because dairy processing technology had not been popularized in Japan at that time. The first mention of a "kuroketto" appears in cookery books from the Meiji era.

Korokke can be found in almost every supermarket and convenience store in Japan and enjoyed for its taste and its low cost.

Korokke became associated with typhoons in the 2000s, after a user on 2channel said they were eating some to prepare for an approaching typhoon, beginning a tradition that persisted on Japanese social media.

Varieties
There are numerous types of korokke depending on the main ingredient or the ingredient mixed and they are generally named (ingredient) korokke. Korokke are sometimes sold wrapped in paper. They may also be used as a topping for other dishes. When sandwiched between two slices of bread, they are called korokke pan (pan being 'bread' in Japanese), or korokke sando ('sandwich'). Gurakoro is a product introduced by the Japanese McDonald's which is made by sandwiching guratan korokke.
 * Potato korokke - korokke made using potatoes
 * Meat korokke - korokke made with ground meat and potatoes. If made with meat only, it is menchi-katsu.
 * Tuna korokke - korokke with tuna
 * Yasai (vegetable) korokke - korokke with mixed vegetables
 * Curry korokke - curry-flavored korokke
 * Kabocha (pumpkin) korokke - korokke made using pumpkins
 * Okara korokke - korokke made using okara
 * Cream korokke - korokke made with white sauce
 * Guratan korokke - korokke with white sauce and macaroni

title: Korokke


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List of extreme points of Poland

This is a list of the extreme points of Poland, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

Latitude and longitude

 * Northernmost point: 54.83333°N, 18.06667°W
 * A beach in Jastrzębia Góra, near the town Władysławowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship, marked by the "Northern Star" obelisk, near Cape Rozewie on the Baltic coast
 * Southernmost point: 49.00202°N, 22.85964°W or 49°N, 22.85°W
 * Wołosate ridge, near mount Opołonek, Eastern Beskids mountains, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
 * Easternmost point: 50.86852°N, 24.14585°W or 52.85°N, 14.11667°W
 * Bug River, near Zosin, Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship
 * Westernmost point: 52.83827°N, 14.12298°W or 50.86667°N, 24.15°W
 * Oder River, near Osinów Dolny, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Elevation

 * Highest point:
 * Mount Rysy, north-western summit, High Tatra mountains, Lesser Poland Voivodeship 2500 m (highest summit of the Rysy 2501 m, is located in Slovakia)
 * Lowest point:
 * Marzęcino, Pomeranian Voivodeship (−2.2 m)

Central point
For many years, the town of Piątek, Łódź Voivodeship has been claimed the "geometrical centre" (not the exact geographical centre) of Poland. In 2018, the exact locations of the geodetic center (centroid) of the whole territory of Poland has been marked in the village of Nowa Wieś, 16 km north-west from Piątek. Its coordinates are 52°11'27.95" N and 19°21'19.46" E.

title: List of extreme points of Poland


text:
Aceair AERIKS 200

The Aceair AERIKS 200 is a Swiss sports plane of highly unusual design. It is being marketed in kitplane form. The AERIKS 200 has a highly streamlined, bullet-shaped fuselage, with a T-tail and large ventral fin, pusher propeller, and canard. The pilot and passenger are seated in tandem. Development aircraft used a fixed undercarriage, but Aceair was planning to offer a version with retractable landing gear.

Status
Aceair ceased operation in 2004, and with it the Aeriks 200 project was cancelled. This was principally due to Diamond Engines cancelling the manufacture of the rotary engine the 200 was based around. Some assets of the company were purchased by a pair of entrepreneurs, and so the Aeriks 200 may eventually see commercial launch someday.

title: Aceair AERIKS 200


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Tongareva

Tongareva may refer to:

 * Tongareva atoll
 * Tongareva language

title: Tongareva


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Days of Future Past

"Days of Future Past" is a storyline in the Marvel Comics comic book The Uncanny X-Men issues #141–142, published in 1981. It deals with a dystopian future in which mutants are incarcerated in internment camps. An adult Kate Pryde transfers her mind into her younger self, the present-day Kitty Pryde, who brings the X-Men to prevent a fatal moment in history that triggers anti-mutant hysteria.

The storyline was produced during the franchise's rise to popularity under the writer/artist team of Chris Claremont, John Byrne and Terry Austin. The dark future seen in the story has been revisited numerous times, and was the basis for the 2014 similarly titled feature film X-Men: Days of Future Past, wherein Wolverine is sent back in time. In 2001, fans voted the first issue of this storyline as the 25th greatest Marvel comic.

The Official Handbook to the Marvel Universe: Alternate Universes 2005 gave the numerical designation for the original "Days of Future Past" timeline as Earth-811 in the Marvel Multiverse.

Plot
The storyline alternates between the present year of 1980 and the future year of 2013. In the future, Sentinels rule a dystopian United States, and mutants are hunted and placed in internment camps. Having conquered North America and hunted all mutants and other superhumans, the Sentinels are turning their attention to the rest of the world. On the eve of a feared nuclear holocaust, the few remaining X-Men, while making a desperate attempt to stop the Sentinels, send Kitty Pryde's mind backward through time, to possess the body of her younger-self and to prevent a pivotal event in mutant–human history and the cause of these events: the assassination of Senator Robert Kelly along with Charles Xavier and Moira MacTaggert by Mystique's newly reassembled Brotherhood of Evil Mutants.

Working with the present-day X-Men, Kitty Pryde's future-self succeeds in her mission and is pulled back to her own time, while her present-day-self is returned with no memory of any interim. The world of 2013 is not shown again in this story arc; the present-day X-Men are left to ponder whether their future dystopia has been averted or simply delayed.

Background and creation
John Byrne devised the plot for "Days of Future Past", since he wanted to do a story featuring the Sentinels and his collaborator Chris Claremont had no interest in coming up with one. Years later, Byrne said, he realized that he had unconsciously lifted the "spine" of the plot from the 1972 Doctor Who serial Day of the Daleks.

Sequels
Though Byrne had intended "Days of Future Past" to be a completely self-contained story, with the future world seen in the story no longer existing even as an alternate timeline following the conclusion, a number of stories have revisited this future and even acted as outright sequels.

Rachel Summers, a character seen in the future segments of "Days of Future Past", later travels through time to the present day and joins the X-Men. A supervillain, Ahab, follows her to the present in the "Days of Future Present" crossover. In this story, Ahab kidnaps the children Franklin Richards (son of Mister Fantastic and the Invisible Woman and, in the future timeline, Rachel's lover) and Nathan Summers (son of Cyclops and Madelyne Pryor) but is defeated by the X-Men, X-Factor, the New Mutants and the Fantastic Four.

Rachel joins the European mutant team Excalibur, whose series twice revisited the "Days of Future Past" timeline. The first time was in a story by Alan Davis entitled "Days of Future Yet To Come", in which a time-traveling Excalibur and several Marvel UK heroes overthrow the Sentinel rulers of future America. This storyline also reveals that Excalibur's robotic "mascot" Widget had been possessed by the spirit of the future Kitty Pryde.

A similar but distinct reality is seen in a vision by her teammate Captain Britain. This story, "Days of Future Tense", reveals the final fate of that timeline's Excalibur team.

A prelude to "Days of Future Past" was produced in a three-part mini-series entitled "Wolverine: Days of Future Past". This three-issue mini dealt with ramifications between the catalyst for the creation of the alternative future up until the main storyline in Uncanny X-Men 141–142. The prelude explains why Logan leaves for Canada and why Magneto is in a wheelchair in the main two issue story.

Another view of this reality was presented in the second issue of Hulk: Broken Worlds. A short story, "Out of Time", examines the life of Bruce Banner (the Hulk) in a Sentinel prison camp.

The miniseries Days of Future Past: Doomsday looks at what happened to other characters as this world fell apart, such as Spider-Man being beaten to death in an anti-mutant riot or General Ross and the Avengers resigning from the government in protest at what they were being asked to do.

Secret Wars (2015)
A sequel based on the original storyline written by Marguerite Bennett, Years of Future Past, was released in June 2015, featuring the "Days of Future Past" timeline depicted in the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline. The setting on Battleworld is called the Sentinel Territories. Major characters in the series include Christina Pryde and Cameron, the children of Kate Pryde and Colossus.

Television

 * The "Days of Future Past" storyline was adapted in the X-Men animated series. The storyline concepts were combined with another alternative future story—that of Bishop and the idea of a traitor within the ranks of the X-Men, though Mystique is still responsible for Senator Kelly's assassination. Bishop plays the role of Kitty Pryde in the adaptation—albeit traveling completely back in time instead of just projecting his mind into his past self—while the 'traitor' is 'revealed' to be Gambit, with the X-Men's interference revealing that Mystique had killed Senator Kelly while in Gambit's appearance to try and frame the X-Men.

 * The series Wolverine and the X-Men has a similar storyline, in which Professor X is in a coma for 20 years, and awakens to find that the mutants are imprisoned by the Sentinels. He telepathically connects with the X-Men of the past to try to prevent that future from happening. By the end of the first season, the Sentinel-dominated future was averted. However, a future based on "Age of Apocalypse" appeared in its place. The series stopped production before the second season revolving around this could be made.

 * A Days of Future Past incarnation appeared in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "Days, Nights, and Weekends of Future Past".

 * A Madland level based on "Days of Future Past" appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Game Over". Mutant Arcade designs the level under the basis of Sentinels being used to destroy mutants. The scenario features a shot of Wolverine being blasted by a Sentinel in an homage to the cover of Uncanny X-Men No. 142.

 * Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. features a five-part episode entitled Days of Future Smash, which consists of the Hulk chasing the Leader throughout numerous events of time and space. The episode's title is a reference to Days of Future Past.

 * A future resembling that in Days of Future Past can be briefly glimpsed in the Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur episode "Skip This Ad...olescence", as Moon Girl is accidentally sent to her future body by her time traveling app. The scene itself homages the cover of Uncanny X-Men #141. Executive producer Steve Loter later hinted on his Twitter account that the scene foreshadowed elements from the series' planned storyline.

Film
X-Men: Days of Future Past is a sequel to First Class. Numerous actors from the franchise returned, including Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Patrick Stewart, James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Anna Paquin, Elliot Page, Shawn Ashmore, Daniel Cudmore, Nicholas Hoult, Jennifer Lawrence, and Lucas Till. Newcomers Peter Dinklage, Omar Sy, Adan Canto, Fan Bingbing, Booboo Stewart and Evan Peters were also signed to play Bolivar Trask, Bishop, Sunspot, Blink, Warpath and Quicksilver, respectively. Although Wolverine is the one who is actually sent backward in time to his "younger" body, director Bryan Singer described Pryde as the prime facilitator and it is Pryde's phasing ability that enables time travel to happen. In this film, the catalyst for the Sentinel-dominated future was Mystique's assassination of Bolivar Trask and her subsequent capture, with analysis of her DNA allowing humanity to devise Sentinels capable of adapting to any mutant power. After Shadowcat learns how to use her abilities to 'phase' someone into their past self, Xavier and Magneto decide to have her send someone back in time to the year 1973 to prevent Mystique from killing Trask, with Wolverine being selected as he is the only one who can survive the process due to his regenerative healing factor. Upon arriving in 1973, Wolverine locates the past versions of Xavier, Hank McCoy, and Magneto and convinces them to help him prevent their extinction. Although Magneto nearly jeopardizes the plan when he tries to kill Mystique and takes control of the Sentinels as part of his own plan to save the mutant race, Xavier is able to convince Mystique to spare Trask, resulting in her being publicly shown defending President Richard Nixon from Magneto. As a result, Mystique is hailed as a hero, the Sentinel program is scrapped, and Trask is arrested for selling his designs to foreign nations. The film ends with Wolverine waking up in a revised, idyllic future in which the war with the Sentinels never happened and all of the X-Men are still alive.

Video games
Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 has a "Days of Future Past"-inspired stage serving as an alternative to the standard Metro City stage, with an "Apprehended"/"Slain" poster similar to the famous one, featuring characters from both Marvel and Capcom that starred in Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes, but did not return for the Marvel vs. Capcom 3 games. Taking the place of the playable Wolverine is Mega Man.

To coincide with the release of the film, GlitchSoft, a mobile app developer, released The Uncanny X-Men: Days of Future Past for iOS and Android devices. The game is a side-scrolling 2-D action adventure, with a storyline closer to the original comic book, than the one portrayed in the film. Initially players will be able to control Wolverine, and as they advance further in the game, they will be able to choose between Kitty Pryde, Colossus, Scarlet Witch and Cyclops, with Storm, Polaris and Magneto announced as additional characters, each one with different powers and abilities, which is upgradable as the player progress in the game, by obtaining experience points.

The ending of the X-Men Origins: Wolverine video game is set in a not so distant future in which Wolverine (in an X-Men costume) breaks free from captivity by Bolivar Trask to discover Sentinels have taken over the world.

Novel
A novelization of the comic version of "Days of Future Past" by Alex Irvine was released in May 2014 by Marvel Comics that tied into the release of the film, X-Men: Days of Future Past. It essentially follows the plot of the original comic storyline, but with two particular changes to the events set in the future: Magneto survives the escape of the Sentinel camp and hides until his powers are restored to the point that he can annihilate the remaining Sentinels, and Kitty is conscious in the body of her future self rather than remaining comatose until she is returned to her own time.

In popular culture
In "Genesis", the first episode of the television series Heroes, the character of Hiro Nakamura cites Kitty's traveling through time as teaching him about the concepts of time travel. Hiro states that the comic taught him that time is a circle, even though it actually insinuated that time branched. The episode "Five Years Gone" was a further homage to the story, featuring Hiro and his friend Ando travelling into a future where New York has been destroyed and people with abilities are being hunted, forcing them to travel back into the past to prevent the original explosion.

Collected editions

 * Days of Future Past (TPB) ISBN 0-7851-1560-9 collects X-Men #138–141, The Uncanny X-Men #142–143 and X-Men Annual No. 4
 * Days of Future Past (graphic novel) ISBN 0-87135-582-5 collects X-Men No. 141 and The Uncanny X-Men No. 142
 * Essential X-Men Vol. 2 ISBN 0-7851-0298-1 collects X-Men #120–141, The Uncanny X-Men #142–144

title: Days of Future Past


text:
Gordon Gibson Jr

Gordon Fulerton Gibson (August 23, 1937 – November 10, 2023), often referred to as Gordon Gibson Jr., was a Canadian political columnist, author, and politician in British Columbia. He was the son of Gordon Gibson Sr., who was a prominent businessman and Liberal Party politician in British Columbia in the 1950s and 1960s.

Education
Gibson received a BA (honours) in mathematics and physics at the University of British Columbia and an MBA from Harvard Business School, and he did research work at the London School of Economics.

Political career
Gibson served as an assistant to the federal Minister of Northern Affairs from 1963 to 1968, and was a special assistant to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1972. In the 1972 federal election, he ran as the Liberal candidate in Vancouver South, but lost to Progressive Conservative candidate John Fraser by 3,000 votes.

In 1974, Gibson won a by-election to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the riding of North Vancouver-Capilano under the Liberal banner. The following year, three Liberal MLAs defected to the Social Credit Party three months before that year's general election, leaving Gibson and party leader David Anderson as the only two Liberals in the legislature. Anderson declined to be renominated to the leadership, and Gibson was approached to lead the party into the election. He was the only Liberal elected that year. He remained party leader until 1979, when he resigned to run again for a seat in the federal House of Commons, in the riding of North Vancouver—Burnaby. He was defeated in both the 1979 and 1980 federal elections by Progressive Conservative candidate Chuck Cook by less than 2,000 votes on each attempt.

Gibson attempted to return to politics as a candidate in the 1993 B.C. Liberal leadership convention; he came in second to future premier Gordon Campbell.

Post-political career
Gibson was a senior fellow in Canadian Studies at the Fraser Institute and has written several books on Canadian federalism and governance. Following the 2001 British Columbia provincial election, he was hired by the government to make recommendations on the structure and mandate of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform. His report was substantially adopted.

His columns appeared frequently in the Vancouver Sun, the Winnipeg Free Press and The Globe and Mail.

Death
Gibson died on November 10, 2023, at the age of 86. Suffering from heart failure from early 2023, he opted for medical assistance in dying.

Honours
In May 2008, Gibson was awarded the Order of British Columbia.

Writings

 * A New Look at Canadian Indian Policy: Respect the Collective - Promote the Individual (2009). ISBN 978-0-88975-243-6

title: Gordon Gibson Jr


text:
Socialist emulation

Socialist competition or socialist emulation (социалистическое соревнование, "sotsialisticheskoye sorevnovanie", or соцсоревнование, "sotssorevnovanie") was a form of competition between state enterprises and between individuals practiced in the Soviet Union and in other Eastern bloc states.

Competition vs. emulation
The first variant is a literal translation of the Russian term, commonly used by Western authors. The second form is an official Soviet translation of the term, intended to put distance from the "capitalist competition", which in its turn was translated as капиталистическая конкуренция, "kapitalisticheskaya konkurenciya".

Implied was that "capitalist competition" only profited those that won, while "socialist emulation" benefited all involved. In Soviet practice, according to Victor Kravchenko and Mikhail Heller, the competition between workers and industries was, however, not voluntary and much fiercer than the Western one.

The race between teams and team members for overcompletion of the five-year plans led to increasingly unrealistic targets, which could only be satisfied with cheating, double accounting, hoarding of resources, and shturmovshchina (last-minute cramming)—which, in the long term, led to a collapse of the supply chain in the economy. In 1987, Soviet economist Nikolai Shmelov estimated that out of 450 billion roubles worth of inventories of raw materials and parts, around 170 billion was kept as surplus, with the sole purpose of securing the successful completion of plans.

Organization
Socialist emulation was nominally voluntary everywhere where people worked or served: in industry, in agriculture, in offices, institutions, schools, hospitals, army, etc. With the natural exception of the armed forces, committees of the trade unions were in charge of managing the socialist emulation.

An important component of socialist emulation was "socialist self-obligations" (социалистические обязательства). Whilst the production plan was the major benchmark, employees and work collectives were supposed to put forth "socialist self-obligations" and even "enhanced socialist self-obligations" (повышенные соцобязательства) beyond the plan, both either as a collective or individually.

Deadlines for tallying up the results of a socialist emulation were usually set at major socialist and communist holidays or notable dates, like the birthday of Vladimir Lenin or the anniversary of the October Revolution.

Winners were awarded both materially and morally. Material awards were money, goods, or perks specific to socialist systems, such as tickets to resorts, authorizations for a trip abroad, right to obtain a dwelling, or a car outside the main queue, etc. Moral awards were honorary diplomas, honorary badges, and/or putting winners' portraits on the "Board of Honor" (Доска Почета); work collectives were awarded with the "Transferable Red Banner of the Socialist Emulation Winner" (Переходящее знамя победителя в социалистическом соревновании). More prestigious was the nomination to state orders and medals for services rendered by individuals and by state enterprises.

History
Vladimir Lenin was the originator and promoter of the idea of socialist emulation as a means for organising "the majority of working people into a field of labour in which they can display their abilities, develop the capacities, and reveal those talents". His milestone article was "How to organize the emulation?" ("Как организовать соревнование?"), in which among the important goal of the emulation was discovery of persons with organizational and management skills, to replace tsarist-era specialists. Also, he was the first to set "socialist emulation" against "capitalist competition". Lenin's article however repeatedly highlights the need for strictest "accounting and control" (Russian: "учёт и контроль") at all levels for the socialist society, postulating mutual "accounting and control" between all layers of the government and supply chain.

Later, Joseph Stalin wrote in his streamlined style:

 * Principles of (capitalist) competition: defeat and death of ones and victory and dominance of the others.
 * Principles of socialist emulation: friendly assistance to lagging ones by the leading ones in order to achieve a common rise. ...etc.

While criteria of socialist emulation were easy to set, understand, and quantify in production areas, it was not so in non-production areas: medicine, education, work of clerks, etc., where significant formalism took place and among the criteria a significant weight was attributed to "social activism", not related to the work done. Social activism, among other actions, meant:

 * Participating in all CPSU and Komsomol activities
 * Recruitment of future CPSU members in their workplaces or hometowns
 * Election campaigns for deputies for the Union and Republican Supreme Soviets and Soviets of People's Deputies
 * Active work during national holidays

Attempt to add a "moral" aspect to daily work was a common feature among 20th century socialist governments, with Arbeitskult ("work cult") in Germany, which "stressed the patriotic potential of labour, comparing industrial work with the task of a soldier defending the Fatherland" and Yan’an heroes in Maoist China.

title: Socialist emulation


text:
Talk:Wattle Glen railway station

Naming
Renamed the page to make Wattleglen one word, which is correct for the station. (See VICNAMES, click on Find>Find a place>, enter place name "wattle*", enter municipality NILLUMBIK SHIRE, and click Find. You will notice that the entry marked RSTA (railway station) is one word, even though the other three entries are two words.)

 * Nevertheless, the name used by Connex is Wattle Glen - that may be an error on their part, but the two-word name is the one presented to the public - on maps, in the street directory, even on the platforms. If the official name isn't actually in popular use, and exists only in some arcane database, should we use it? It seems a case of two conflicting "official" names, that used by the Geographic Place Names Register, and another used by the relevant transport authorities/companies. Which would take precedence? T.P.K. 11:07, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The correct name has been drawn to the attention of Connex' marketing department, and I think you may find that the next published timetables have the correct name. Connex do use the correct name on at least some internal documents.  Philip J. Rayment 11:42, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The station name is still given as two words in all the timetables on the Connex site, so four years on, I think this page should be called Wattle Glen, even if the area isn't. WillE (talk) 12:09, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The reference to the VICNAMES site should be enough. The suburb is Wattle Glen, but the station is Wattleglen.  Check the VICNAMES website.Supt. of Printing (talk) 14:51, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * No matter what the name is, a mention should be made about how the official name differs from that in use by various groups. Wongm (talk) 04:08, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The train timetables ALL says Wattle Glen. I think the train timetables, produced by the train company, for passenger train usage from train company owned stations should hold more sway than VICNAMES. That siad, if you feel so strongly that you wany inconsitsency, be my guest. 164.36.38.240 (talk) 11:51, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
 * If people were using this site to plan their rail travel, I might agree with you, but the site is to give general and historic information about the station for educational purposes, so it needs to be accurate. Supt. of Printing (talk) 12:28, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Ridiculous. It IS accurate to call the STATION "Wattle Glen" - in that Connex has a different view to what the vaunted VICNAMES says. Stand in front of the sign for a few years if you like. If it suddenly changes to "Wattleglen", I'll accept your argument.WillE (talk) 14:55, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

I see that the name has been changed to Wattleglen again, in places. I guess staring at the Station sign worked then? Or maybe your view that "it is better" has received a parliamentary mandate? No? Thought not. Do what you like - your history suggests you will anyway. WillE (talk) 14:27, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * VICNAMES can be wrong. Eg, there is a street in Kew that VICNAMES calls High Street South, when in fact the street is just called High Street in the titles of the properties that abut it. Which is correct, VICNAMES or the property titles? And the same here too, is it VICNAMES or Connex? – Marco79 14:48, 25 July 2009 (UTC)
 * If it came to the Government versus an operator who is only a lessee, I would go with the Government. Also, I have tracked down the official advice of the Victorian Railways when it changed from Balee to Wattleglen (as one word) which was announced in their Weekly Notice No. 32 of 1922. Supt. of Printing (talk) 11:42, 30 July 2009 (UTC)
 * As you say, this site is to give general and historic information - the historic being the name as given when it was first renamed, the information giving the name as is. A decision made in 1922 bears little or no compunction on the current operator to abide by it, and if it doesn't then who are you to dictate it should? I suggest you start to stare at the station sign again. If it still says two words for the title the next time I browse, we'll have a vote on it. Whilst you're at it, have a look at the old "Hemel Hempsted" station which used to serve Hemel Hempstead. The station name, signage, timetables, etc were always spelled differently from the place name, no matter what the view of the unitary authorities or its records were. The current station bears the same spelling as the town, and timetables etc now reflect that. Were there a page on the old station, it would be about "Hemel Hempsted" and not Hemel Hempstead. I note the current station page refers to the old station incorrectly - but critically does not cite any references. Over to you and your magic stare that will change the station name in the photo. WillE (talk) 08:08, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved  GB fan  05:26, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Wattleglen railway station, Melbourne → Wattle Glen Railway Station, Melbourne — The station signage (featured on the page), and all of the train operator's timetables and literature, as well as the place name itself as of today (not 1922) all refer to Wattle Glen. Now - a question - what happens should no clear opinion arise, where there is indisputable evidence in the article already? WillE (talk) 21:12, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. I lived in nearby Kangaroo Ground for three years recently, and the local name for the railway station is definitely Wattle Glen, matching the station signs and the suburb name. It's most unlikely that common usage would follow the historic and perhaps legally correct usage. Andrewa (talk) 07:13, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Renaming
I strongly object to the renaming back to Wattle Glen. The official State Government gazetted name is Wattleglen, whatever lessees or anyone else might refer to it as. The date of this name being gazetted makes no difference—the passage of time does not dilute the gazetted-ness of the name. The name remains the gazetted name until it is gazetted otherwise—why don't people get this? Living in Kangaroo Ground for the last three years was well after the mistake was made in incorrectly naming it Wattle Glen and has no bearing on the official name. Most names in common usage DO follow the legally correct usage—what is your point? No-one has made a convincing case for naming it the incorrect name just because the operator has it wrong! Supt. of Printing (talk) 12:56, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Has staring at the station signage changed the signs to one word? No? Good Lord, I am stunned. Suggest you look at wikipedia practice on UK station names. What is stated in signage in current photos in the article holds sway. You'll just have to face it - you are wrong on this topic.WillE (talk) 16:22, 26 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Has displaying Wattle Glen as two words on station signage and public time tables changes the name that is gazetted? No? I am stunned why people think that an incorrect display of a name makes the incorrect name hold sway. You'll just have to face it—you are wrong on this topic. See, I can use the same emotive language as you to make the argument sound good, but what about the facts? Supt. of Printing (talk) 10:23, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Incorrect by what, or who's standards? Yours? The Gazetteers? Gazettes can become out of date. The station is owned by the train company, and it has the right to call its station whatever it likes. Neither you, nor current or historic Gazetteers, and certainly not anything or anyone dating back to 1922, have the right to tell them otherwise. But - and it's a fairly significant but - I do not have to accept I am wrong, as Wikipedia due process has made the decision. Argue with the process if you like - but you now can't win this argument the process changes. You could record the history of the station, by all means, point out the discrepancy, by all means - even say that there was never a proper mandate to change the name (if you can cite it) - these will all enrich the article with information you are clearly knowledgeable about that I cannot contribute. You could even put in a redirect from the one word name, if you feel it will help. WillE (talk) 16:05, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I have a reputation for not being brief, but there's so much here to comment on.
 * Gazetted name: What Supt. of Printing has assumed you realise is that the "gazetted name" is the official government decree on the matter.  To say that "Gazettes can become out of date" is incorrect; they remain official until officially overturned.  That is, they are prescriptive, not descriptive (i.e. they are primary sources of official decisions, not third-party lists of what is).
 * Station ownership: No, the station is not owned by the "train company" (railway operator); it is owned by the Government of Victoria, who contract with the operator to operate services, maintain the station, etc.  But the operator doesn't own the station and does not have the right to call the station whatever it likes.  Look, for example, at the new station being planned near Pakenham railway station, Melbourne.  A competition—to decide on a name for the station—was held by the (Victorian Government) Department of Transport, not by the operator.
 * Company documentation: in the archived discussion above it is claimed that "all of the train operator's timetables and literature... refer to Wattle Glen", despite me already pointing out a long time ago that some of the internal documentation of the operator has the name as one word. This is still the case, as you can see on page A41 of their Working Timetable Addenda.  I think you'll also find that the dot-matrix displays on the trains refer to it as one word.
 * Wikipedia policy: Of course none of that mandates what Wikipedia names the page.  This is about the only argument you have left; that the page name conforms to Wikipedia precedence.  However, that argument is weak until and unless someone shows that this really is the case (the examples given may not be typical) and the circumstances really are the same, which has not yet been done.
 * Due process: You seem to be arguing that because the name was changed via "due process", it can never be changed again, as though the decision is irrevocable. Clearly, you are wrong on this implication also.  Supt. of Printing is not bypassing due process to revert to the official name; he's making use of due process to argue that the previous decision was wrong.  Further, I'm not sure that customary due process was actually followed.  It's customary (if not actually mandated or recommended somewhere, which it may be for all I know) to notify interested parties when discussions like this occur.  My contributions have been sparse for some time, but if you looked at Supt. of Printing's contributions, you would see that he edited the day before discussion started.  Given that he was clearly still around, why was no advice put on his page about this discussion?  (There is, for example, advice on his talk page that an article he had commented on was up for deletion.)  Was there a hope that this could slip through before he noticed?
 * Philip J. Rayment (talk) 10:26, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

Thank you for your thoughts, Philip.

1. No, this was not made clear. But it is still true to say that Gazettes become outdated in that current common usage fails to match decisions of yesteryear. Plenty of examples in the UK exist, such as Becontree/Beacontree in London suburbanised Essex. A relative of mine lived in Wattle Glen (hence my curiosity about the page) and all his legal and municipal documents refer to Wattle Glen, so in spite of the weight the Gazette might carry, not even the local authorities abide by it.

2. If the state is responsible for the station's name, notwithstanding ownership, it obviously doesn't care enough to tell Connex to change it.

3. Internal vs external. Interesting, but how valid are references to internal documents when they are not available to all Wikipedia editors, either as a source or to use to check a citation? The article can use a citation from a timetable - but from an internal document that isn't in the public domain? But, as a matter of interest, the change you expected to happen after a notification to Connex in 2004 hasn't happened six years on.

4. Then set the precedent. Ask for the creation of the same sort of naming convention for Australian stations as exists elsewhere (for example, for UK stations) so there will be no doubt about what should be seen as a title on a Wikipedia Australian station page. If you go nationwide/wikiwide on a poll, I doubt you'll get a consensus that names a page directly contradicting photographic evidence in the article. Have a vote on it, though, gain consensus, and if appropriate, make a change - I won't vote on the topic. 5. Nope I wasn't, perhaps could have worded it better. Unless a further name request change is made, the current decision will stand. And, nope, I have no secret agenda to get changes past Supt. of Printing, I followed the stated process for requesting a change. I expected, given his previous interest/obsession with this page that it would be on his watch list. I will bear this point in mind in future - though if you review the process of this page you will find that the requested courtesy was not given to me in the past.

For now, at least, the next train from Hurstbridge goes to Wattle Glen. WillE (talk) 22:18, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * It's questionable that current usage not matching official decisions means that the official decision is "outdated". As for the local authorities, that point is irrelevant, because of a point made above, that "The suburb is Wattle Glen, but the station is Wattleglen. Check the VICNAMES website."
 * True, but is that relevant?
 * My original point in mentioning this was simply to point out that argument can be made both ways, not that one trumps the other. But in my last post I gave you a link to a copy of an internal document, so it can be checked and cited by anyone.  As for the change I expected in 2004, I believe that it was made, but was later reverted.  I can't prove that, though.  I hasten to add that I think it very likely that the reason it was reverted was the same sort of reason that you are arguing here: the name on the station is...; that is, it was not changed because of any sort of official policy.
 * What you are suggesting is not a precedent but a ruling. There already was a precedent with this page until you got it changed.  But I wouldn't be so sure that there would be widespread support for a policy favouring a photograph over an official document.  And we are talking about what might be a small handful of stations in this situation, so I don't consider it worth it trying to get a formal convention set for such a small number of cases.
 * No, the next train from Hurstbridge goes to Flinders Street via a station officially named Wattleglen but with Wattle Glen incorrectly on the nameboards!
 * Philip J. Rayment (talk) 06:44, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

Again thank you for your well thought out comments.

 * I guess we'll have to disagree on that. Current usage, however is a dangerous thing - it can, and in this case, has informally but effectively overridden Government Statutes. The locals refer to WG and not W; as mentioned above, adding detail of the discrepancy would enrich this article.
 * Absolutely. Six years ago you felt this was important enough to write to Connex about it - but why didn't you write to the state? As you've stated that Connex has no part in any decision, that surely was a wasted communication. That no change has been made is rather telling.
 * OK, that's interesting - I could not use the link. Will have to check my settings. But - if it is an internal document, do you have permission to disseminate it? (Actually - ignore that bit. I can see having gotten the link to work that it's publicly available.) Plenty of previous infighting over this topic on (London's) DLR changes. (Plus the issue of OR crops up - when one uses a station everyday, changes are obvious, but cannot be used until they appear on the company website.)
 * Hate to burst your bubble on this, but the page was called Wattle Glen when I first saw it. The first change that I am aware of was by Mr Printing. But, again, we'll have to agree to differ here. It's not the photograph that is relevant though - it's the signage. That the evidence of signage is usually a photograph is usually just the easiest to use. I think it's far more common in the UK, where http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_%28UK_stations%29#Official_names has been agreed and is applied.

Lastly, if you put Wattleglen into Connex's journey planner, see what happens....

Regards. WillE (talk) 16:21, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

 * As it has been almost a year with the title as Wattle Glen but all references in the article are to Wattleglen, so I propose to rename it back to its official name of Wattleglen.Supt. of Printing (talk) 12:38, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * As it has been over a year with the title as Wattle Glen, a useful redirect is now in place from the gazateered version of the name, and the historical details about the Gazette adds to the value of the article, but all references in the article are to Wattleglen, I propose to amend all the in article references to Wattle Glen. WillE (talk) 10:13, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose the move. I still maintain that official gazetted names must prevail. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia giving information "about" a subject, NOT primarily a "guide" to users. As for the "common sense" argument used below, if someone is looking for information on "Wattle Glen railway station", it would be redirected to "Wattleglen railway station", so that argument holds no water. Supt. of Printing (talk) 11:04, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you. You have demonstrated my point beautifully. WillE (talk) 00:28, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose the move. The station may best be thought of as Wattleglen railway station (no argument about the official name) trading as Wattle Glen railway station, which is what it is known as to all who use it. Localities in Australia only have one name which we must use; railway stations are not so bound and WP:COMMONNAME may apply (Crusoe8181 (talk) 09:46, 5 September 2011 (UTC)).
 * I also oppose on the grounds of common sense. If someone is looking for information on the area or the station, they will not type in "Wattleglen" unless their space bar is not working. WillE (talk) 11:20, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Photo
So, who replaced the photo of the station? What justification is there for using a photoshopped image of a sign that (unless it can be shown otherwise) does not actually exist? *sigh* WillE (talk) 12:28, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Photo's been missing for a while. Don't know what is meant by "who replaced the photo", or the reference to photoshopping. Supt. of Printing (talk) 13:12, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, somebody has replaced the photo, though I cannot see the event in the page history. The image in place is a composite of a logo, with the word Wattleglen added by means of a computer programme. If the siogn doesn;t exist in the real world, which given all the signage and media, I don't think its presence is, or can be justified. WillE (talk) 11:32, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * now as it is in the real world, but stand by for reversion (Crusoe8181 (talk) 11:44, 25 August 2012 (UTC)).
 * Where in the real world? If so, I'll buy it, but it doesn't appear to be cited. WillE (talk) 11:49, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Aagh! It';s changing in front of my eyes. I'd best go lie down! WillE (talk) 11:52, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Crazy
Four of the six links in the article refer to Wattle Glen, yet still the text in the article says "Wattleglen." Oy vay. WillE (talk) 19:24, 16 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wattle Glen railway station


text:
Eirik Vandvik

Eirik Vandvik (1904–1953) was professor in literature at the University of Oslo. Vandvik was one of the major interpreters of the ancient Greek and Latin literature, and saw it as his purpose to make these works available to Norwegian literati.

Vandvik interpreted major works like "Greek tragedy" - a collection of tragedies and the "Iliad". He wrote in "nynorsk". He was instrumental in gathering material for a dictionary of medieval Latin in Norway.

title: Eirik Vandvik


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Eremophila (bird)

The bird genus Eremophila comprises the two horned larks.

Taxonomy and systematics
The current genus name is from Ancient Greek eremos, "desert", and phileo, "to love".

Extinct species
There is at least one fossil species included in this genus:

 * †Eremophila orkhonensis (late Pliocene of Central Asia, synonym = Pliocalcarius orkhonensis)
 * †Eremophila prealpestris (late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)

Description
Unlike most other larks, these are distinctive looking species with striking head and face patterns, black and white in Temminck's lark and black and yellow in most horned larks. In the summer males of both species have black "horns", which give these larks their alternative names.

Distribution and habitat
These are larks of open country which nest on the ground. The migratory horned lark breeds across much of northern North America, Europe and Asia and in the mountains of Europe. Temminck's lark is mainly a resident breeding species across much of north Africa, through northern Arabia to western Iraq.

title: Eremophila (bird)


text: User talk:203.144.20.17

title: User talk:203.144.20.17


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Aces High Cuby

The Aces High Cuby is a family of Canadian single engine, high wing, strut-braced, light sports planes with conventional landing gear that was marketed for homebuilding by Aces High Light Aircraft of London, Ontario.

The aircraft design was available in two versions, the single-seat Cuby I and side-by-side two-seat Cuby II. Aces High went out of business in the 1990s and the kits are no longer available.

Development
The Cuby fuselage is constructed from welded 4130 steel tubing, covered with aircraft fabric. The wings are built around an aluminum spar and D-cell and also fabric-covered. The conventional landing gear includes bungee-suspended main wheels and a steerable tail wheel.

The controls are conventional three-axis, with no flaps fitted to the wing. The aircraft were available as kits or as completed aircraft and were designed to look and fly similarly to a Piper J-3 Cub. The kit price for the Cuby I was US$11,350, including the propeller and 28 hp Rotax 277 engine.

The Cuby II features a 38 in wide cabin and a large baggage compartment behind the side-by-side seats. The aircraft was certified and put into production in Hungary for sale in Europe. In North America the Cuby II was sold for US$15,662.76, complete with propeller, 50 hp Rotax 503 powerplant, paint and fabric in 1988. Available options included folding wings, floats and an agricultural spray kit.

Reviewer Ken Armstrong, flying the Cuby II prototype with the 42 hp single carburetor version of the Rotax 503 said:

Takeoff was accomplished in 300 feet at an indicated airspeed of 30 mph. The climb-out was steep enough to leave the spectators' mouths agape.

I'm pleased to mention that the delightfully balanced rudder was smooth and linear in response—the best I've felt in an ultralight or homebuilt. Controls were moderately light, and the Cuby had very quick response.

Having no flaps or other drag-producing devices, we resorted to the time-proven sideslip to steepen our approaches, up to 1200 fpm. Touch and goes in the Cuby were so much fun that several abbreviated pattern circuits ensued, with a half dozen landings accomplished in ten minutes.

Variants

 * Cuby I
 * Single seat, standard engine 28 hp Rotax 277, qualified as a US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicle with an empty weight of 250 lb and as Canadian basic ultra-light, advanced ultra-light or amateur-built aircraft

 * Cuby II
 * Two seat, standard engine 50 hp Rotax 503, qualified as a US amateur-built and Canadian basic ultra-light, advanced ultra-light or amateur-built aircraft. More than 200 completed and flying.

title: Aces High Cuby


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Edwin Torres (judge)

Edwin Torres (born January 7, 1931) is a former New York State Supreme Court judge and author of Puerto Rican descent, who wrote the 1975 novel Carlito's Way. His book was the basis for the 1993 movie of the same name, starring Al Pacino, and for the 1979 book After Hours, the sequel to Carlito's Way.

Early years
Both of Torres's parents emigrated from Jayuya, Puerto Rico, and settled in the barrio in Manhattan's Spanish Harlem, where Torres was born. Growing up in poverty, Torres graduated from Stuyvesant High School. From there he attended City College of the City University of New York, followed by the Brooklyn Law School.

Legal career
In 1958, Torres was admitted to the New York State Bar. In 1959, as an assistant district attorney, Torres participated in the prosecution of Sal "the Capeman" Agron. Shortly thereafter he became a criminal defense attorney.

In 1977, Torres was appointed to the New York State Criminal Court. In 1980 he was selected to the State Supreme Court, where he served as a justice in the Twelfth Judicial District in New York City. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over felony cases, and Torres presided over a number of high-profile murder cases.

The New York Times called Torres “one of the city’s most experienced and sternest judges and a man known for a crackling eloquence both in and out of the courtroom.” A famous exchange involved his telling a convicted murderer, “Sucker, your parole officer ain’t been born yet.”

In the Law & Order: Criminal Intent season 1 episode "Semi-Professional," the Judge Raoul Sabatelli character is said to have been inspired by Judge Torres.

He retired from the bench in 2008 and since then has served on the New York State Athletic Commission.

Writer of fiction
Torres' tough upbringing in Manhattan and his work in the criminal justice system enabled him to create realistic crime fiction characters and plots. Richie Narvaez called him "the Granddaddy—¡El Abuelo!—of Latino crime fiction in the U.S. For a brief while in the 1970s, Torres picked up the mantle of Chester Himes and Miguel Piñero, keeping the door cracked open for crime fiction writers who happen to be ethnically diverse. Without Torres we might not have gotten Ernesto Quiñonez' Bodega Dreams, Carolina Garcia-Aguilera's Lupe Solano series, or even Walter Mosley's Devil in a Blue Dress."

Torres wrote Carlito's Way in 1975 and its sequel After Hours in 1979; both novels follow the exploits of Carlito Brigante, a fictional Puerto Rican drug kingpin and hustler who ends up doing time in Sing-Sing and struggles to go "straight" after his release. The New Yorker praised Carlito's Way: "It is in the grisly tradition of Little Caesar, The Jones Men, and The Friends of Eddie Coyle, and it is the equal of any of them."

Another novel, Q & A (1977), portrays the investigation of a decorated New York City police lieutenant suspected of corruption. Of the book, The New York Times noted, "Judge Torres infuses these nearly current events with so much life and style that you can almost smell the musty air of 100 Centre Street."

Film adaptations
A film adaptation of Q & A was released in 1990, directed by Sidney Lumet, and it starred Nick Nolte and Armand Assante. After Hours was filmed in 1993, but used the title Carlito's Way to avoid being confused with Martin Scorsese's 1985 film After Hours. The film starred Al Pacino and Sean Penn, under the direction of Brian De Palma. The novel Carlito's Way was filmed in 2005 and released under the title Carlito's Way: Rise to Power.

title: Edwin Torres (judge)