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The Battle for Wesnoth

The Battle for Wesnoth is a free and open-source turn-based strategy video game with a high fantasy setting (similar to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium), designed by Australian-American developer David White and first released in June 2003. In Wesnoth, the player controls a particular faction/race and attempts to build a powerful army by controlling villages and defeating enemies for experience. The game is loosely based on the Sega Genesis games Master of Monsters and Warsong.

Gameplay
The Battle for Wesnoth is a turn-based wargame played on a hex map. The strategy of battle involves trying to fight on favorable terrain, at a favorable time of day, and, if possible, with units that are strong or well suited against the enemies. Other concerns are capturing villages that produce a particular trickle rate of gold per turn for unit recruitment, and positioning units to restrict enemy movement. Games of Wesnoth come both in the form of single-player campaigns and multiplayer matches. The goal of these games is usually to defeat all enemy leaders, however there may be other goals.

Each unit in Wesnoth has its own strengths and weaknesses. A unit's defense (which this case means dodge chance) is based on the terrain it stands on. Elves, for example, are difficult to hit when fighting in a forest. Different types of attacks (melee and ranged), weapon types (pierce, blade, impact, arcane, cold, and fire), and a day-night cycle (in most maps) that alternately favors lawful and chaotic units, altering the amount of damage a unit deals. Units can advance to higher level counterparts and become more powerful as they participate in combat.

A central design philosophy of the game is the KISS principle; for a new idea to be accepted, it should not complicate gameplay. Another important facet of the game is randomness and its manipulation: it is never certain whether a unit's attack will fail or succeed, only likely or unlikely. Developers have stated that the potential for a skirmish to go better or worse than expected adds excitement, replayability and strategic depth to the game.

Setting
The Battle for Wesnoth takes place in a world populated by Tolkienesque races such as humans, elves, dwarves, orcs, and trolls, as well as Wesnoth-specific races such as dragon-like Drakes, which are creatures distantly related to dragons, but are bipedal, have an organized, albeit warlike, culture, and are only about 10 feet tall. Campaign stories span the history and geography of the world, but most focus on the eponymous human kingdom of Wesnoth, which suffers frequent invasions of orcish raiders and the undead.

The name Wesnoth was originally developed by the game's creator as a combination of syllables that he thought would sound good as a name for a fantasy land. When the project became larger and more elaborate, the developers created a fictional etymology for the name: the inhabitants of the land of Wesnoth came from the West and North, giving Westnorth, which eventually evolved to Wesnoth. This etymology is explained in the campaign The Rise of Wesnoth.

Factions

The Battle for Wesnoth currently has six default factions to choose from:

 * Rebels
 * Consist mostly of elvish units, with ent-like woses, mermen, and mages. Most of their level 1 units are capable of both melee and ranged attacks, making the rebels very versatile. Elves ignore the time of day with their neutral alignment and have high defense in forests. They are generally faster, but slightly weaker than other units in most other terrain.

 * Knalgan Alliance
 * These consist of slow but sturdy dwarves with strong melee attacks, allied with human outlaws who fight better under the cover of darkness. Generally, dwarves gain a high defense when occupying mountains and hills. Dwarves are also more adept at traversing caves than any other faction and ignore the time of day. They are vulnerable to attack in open terrain, while their human outlaws fight better in this same terrain.

 * Loyalists
 * These are human cavalry, mages and infantry that ordinarily fight better in the daytime, with mermen allies. They are the most diverse faction, with more units than any other faction except the Knalgan Alliance.

 * Northerners
 * A faction of orcs and goblins, along with troll and naga allies. Their focus is on cheap recruiting, brute force, and close combat, fighting better at night with their chaotic alignment. Most units require little XP (fighting experience) to advance levels. Units often achieve higher mobility when crossing hills.

 * Undead
 * The undead are vulnerable to fire, impact, and arcane attacks, but have high resistance against blade, pierce and especially cold damage. The undead rely on easy access to magic and poison attacks. Some units are able to drain health from enemies in order to replenish their own, and most are immune to poisoning. Unlike other races, most undead units have no traits and no personal names.

 * Drakes
 * A dragon-like race that fights better by day. Most can fly and breathe fire. Their Saurian allies are faster and prefer fighting by night and in swamp areas, though they share the Drakes' vulnerability to cold. Drakes are the most maneuverable faction, though their size makes them prone to attack in most terrain.

 * Dunefolk
 * The dunefolk are the newest faction added to Wesnoth. The main dunefolk include the: Dune Burner, Dune Herbalist, Dune Rider, Dune Rover, Dune Skirmisher, Dune Soldier, and their allies the Naga Dirkfang. Little is known about them. They are groups of humans that live in the desert.

The exact units used by the factions, and the faction names, change based on the era or the campaign. The above are the factions of the "Default" era, which is the most played one on the multiplayer servers, and its extension "Age Of Heroes".

There are also a number of user-created factions, several of which are grouped together in downloadable "Eras". For example, the Imperial Era includes the Roman-influenced Lavinians, the Marauders, and the Wild Elves, featuring completely new unit trees and abilities. An alternative era, which contains the Islam-influenced faction Khalifate, was integrated (as of 6 January 2014) in the official development line, Wesnoth 1.11.8, tested to become part of the mainline version. This faction has since been renamed to the Dunefolk in version 1.13.11. However, it is quite possible to create factions that can be used in the default eras, though the amount of blessing given by the creators for each may vary.

Campaigns

The stable version of The Battle for Wesnoth comes with 16 single-player campaigns and a tutorial, each of which has various difficulty levels. More user-authored campaigns can be obtained in the form of add-ons stored on Wesnoth's campaign server, and these are sometimes mainlined as official campaigns. The original campaign for The Battle for Wesnoth was "Heir to the Throne", a campaign with 23 gameplay scenarios where Konrad, a young heir to the throne of Wesnoth, allies with rebellious elves and other races to claim the throne from the usurper queen Asheviere, her loyalist army, and her orcish mercenaries. Characters from "Heir to the Throne" are protagonists in campaigns such as "Legend of Wesmere" and "Delfador's Memoirs". Other campaigns feature different factions, like the dwarves in "The Hammer of Thursagan" or "Northern Rebirth" or "Sceptre of Fire", the loyalist army of Wesnoth in "The South Guard" or "The Eastern Invasion", and undead in "Descent into Darkness" or "Secrets of the Ancients". Even mermen can be played in "Dead Water", or orcs in "Son of the Black Eye". Finally, "Under the Burning Suns" is set in the distant future, long after the time of the other campaigns, featuring elves who fight better during the day.

A multiplayer campaign titled "World of Conquest" is added to the game on version 1.16 after previously being an unofficial add-on. A campaign named "Winds of Fate" was added to the game in version 1.18.

Unofficial campaigns
Many official campaigns were only user-made add-ons, for example "An Orcish Incursion", which has been removed from the mainline in 1.15.3. Unofficial campaigns are translated into many languages the same way as the official ones. Some of them are very long and well balanced, like "Invasion from Unknown", while others serve to show units not available in the mainline, or as examples for future campaign makers, like "A simple campaign", "WML Guide" or "The Final Exam". The longest unofficial campaigns have more translatable strings than the longest official campaigns.

Add-ons
It is possible to create and distribute additional content (user made content, or UMC), such as campaigns, maps and multiplayer "eras" using an "add-on" system. These add-ons can be downloaded, updated and removed using an in-game add-on server; alternatively, they can be installed and updated by manually downloading the add-on's files and placing them in the appropriate directory, or they can be removed by deleting these files.

Editor

The Battle for Wesnoth has a built-in map editor, which supports features such as multiple open maps and random map generation. The editor supports all in-game terrains, as well as custom terrains created for campaigns. The time of day can be selected from one of the built-in presets or custom lighting can be created.

WML
Using any standard text editor, new content can be created using what is known as Wesnoth Markup Language (WML). As its name suggests, WML is similar to XML and other markup languages in syntax with tags defining events and sides in a scenario. WML has evolved from what was a simple markup/configuration language into a specialized programming language designed for easily modifying the game. Examples for the latest stable version are offered on the site's wiki.

Lua
From the 1.7 development version upwards, code in Lua can be embedded in WML events which gets executed when those events fire. From 1.7.14 on, Lua can also be used to create alternate (or supplemental) AI implementations.

Development
David White began development of Wesnoth because he wanted to create a freely available, open source strategy game with very simple rules, but one that had difficult to beat artificial intelligence and that was challenging and fun — a game that was easy to learn but hard to master.

The game is programmed in C++. It is cross-platform, and runs on AmigaOS 4, BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux (including OS flavors running on GP2X and Nokia n800, n810, and n900 handheld devices), OS X/Darwin, Windows, MorphOS, NetBSD, OpenBSD, RISC OS, iOS, Solaris/illumos, Android, Playbook and Google Native Client running under Google Chrome.

Wesnoth development is decentralized due to its free and open-source nature. The officially blessed campaigns and units bundled with the game download are often derived from content created by the community, somewhat differently from the user-generated content in proprietary games where such content, while available, is usually not incorporated into official builds of the game. The Wesnoth forums and wiki are used to develop new campaigns, including new unit types and story artwork. The game is able to download new campaigns from a central add-on server. Content featured on the official campaign server must be licensed under the GNU GPL-2.0-or-later, like the game itself.

Even when not counting this community content, the list of contributors to the official version of the game as displayed in-game contains over 550 unique entries (May 2010). Developers of the game also include well-known authors from the free software and open source scene, like the co-founder of the Open Source Initiative and core Linux kernel developer Eric S. Raymond, or Linux kernel programmer Rusty Russell.

As of July 2024, The Battle for Wesnoth is available in 55 languages, 7 of which have more than 90% of messages translated.

Active developers
As of July 2015, The Battle for Wesnoth development team consisted of no more than five developers. On the homepage for the game, the reason for a lack of bug fixes was explained: "Sadly, a hard truth must be faced: Wesnoth, as a project, is understaffed. At this time, there are fewer than half a dozen developers working on each new version of the game, and even fewer of them are able to work on the engine itself".

In September 2021, project manager Pentarctagon released a statement on the Wesnoth Forums claiming that Wesnoth had a better internal structure than before, yet still called the project "chronically understaffed".

Art
The art development team was founded by Francisco Muñoz, and directed by Richard Kettering with Hogne Håskjold as the director of terrain art. The current set of portraits were designed primarily by Kathrin Polikeit and Emilien Rotival, replacing the older set of comic-style portraits done by Jason Lutes. Most artwork is stored in the portable network graphics format and all are licensed under the GNU General Public License.

Music
The musical style of the game's soundtrack is orchestral, with a symphony of strings, brass, winds, percussion, and occasionally ethnic instruments when the game allows for it, covering a variety of genre and periods. Because the themes are based on traditional and medieval styles, the music development department rejects all music with synths, loops, drum kits, electric guitars, or any pop/rock instruments. Because Wesnoth has no budget and relies completely on volunteer composers, its soundtrack is entirely synthesized.

The music development team is currently headed by Mattias Westlund and includes some well-known composers like Doug Kaufman and Timothy Pinkham and the game's soundtrack is licensed as free music under the GNU General Public License and rendered in the Ogg Vorbis format. Because the game is constantly evolving, the current list of soundtracks evolves.

Releases
The first development release of Wesnoth 0.1 was released on June 18, 2003. In October 2005, the game reached its 1.0 milestone release. On January 29, 2012, version 1.10 was released. This version introduced the campaign "Dead Water".

In January 2014, a new faction under the name of the Khalifate was added in a development release. It was intended offer new multiplayer options. Khalifate units use no magic, but instead are intended to rely on careful use of terrain and coordinated strikes around dusk or dawn. This faction was released as part of version 1.12 in November 2014. The Khalifate were renamed to Dunefolk in version 1.13.11.

On May 2, 2018, version 1.14.0 was released. This update introduced the campaign "Secrets of the Ancients". it also made major changes to the desert elves seen in the campaign "Under the Burning Suns". Many units have had changes, such as new portraits and animations. In October 2021 version 1.16 was released. It included many changes to old campaigns such as "The Hammer of Thursagan" as well changes to the Dunefolk faction. During March of 2024 version 1.18 was released, adding a new campaign named "Winds of Fate".

Aside of the stand-alone source and binary releases, Wesnoth was previously made available through the Desura digital distribution service. Wesnoth was submitted to Steam Greenlight on July 23, 2016, and was subsequently approved for release by the Steam community. With the release of v1.14.0, the game became then available on Steam in May 2018. At the same time, registration was made mandatory for playing on the official server.

Development Version
Besides the official wesnoth game version, there is always an alternative development version, that introduces more new features and improvements for players and content creators. This development version is rolling subject to further tweaking and polishing, depending on the wesnoth community feedback.

Reception
Reviews for The Battle for Wesnoth have generally been positive. In a 2006 review of version 1.1 of the game, Gametunnel rated it a 7/10, adding that "it may seem like a game that belongs in the nineties, but it is engaging and very well put together".

In a 2007 review of version 1.2.6, Phoronix rated it 9/10, calling it "a must-download game for any gamer". In 2008 APCMag.com named The Battle for Wesnoth among the Top 5 best (free) open source games.

In 2010, Full Circle Magazine reviewed the game in Podcast #4. The reviewers called Wesnoth a "very good game", calling the graphics "simple" and "easy to understand" but "dated". The reviewers called the gameplay "pure and simple", but complained about the role of chance in the game, making it an "exercise in frustration", and requiring a policy of reloading and replaying the game that turns Wesnoth into a "challenge of patience rather than brainpower".

In 2010, RPGFan gave it an 88/100, mentioning that "despite its generous price tag, BfW offers more quality and quantity than almost any commercial title available".

The game was described in-detail in the 2012 book "The Architecture of Open Source Applications".

Various versions of Wesnoth have been downloaded from the central download site SourceForge over eight million times between 2003 and May 2024. Multiple other freeware download outlets delivered the game additionally hundred thousand times; for instance MacUpdate counted over 80,000 downloads of the macOS version alone, while Softonic counted another 40,000 downloads.

title: The Battle for Wesnoth


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Talk:Oreo

Are oreos halal
No idea 68.237.29.149 (talk) 22:39, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

 * no idea 2601:8A:4200:9B60:355E:E4A2:63C0:DC80 (talk) 00:45, 4 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Googling for oreos halal gets a bunch of useful results. DMacks (talk) 00:48, 4 July 2023 (UTC)
 * They are kosher: https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/02/getting-lard-out-koshering-oreo-cookie 2607:FA49:5F02:9D00:955A:35EE:84E6:FE48 (talk) 17:22, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Parks name hypothesis
Parks may be on to something. Check out the fruit cupules on the oreodaphne:

They look just like Oreo biscuits. Well, the culls anyway. 2601:196:180:DC0:B8F0:5F33:A824:67EB (talk) 18:49, 16 December 2023 (UTC)

Space Perspective partnership
I skimmed over the article rather quickly, so it might already be there, but I think that the partnership with Space Perspective is worth noting. I mean, can we all just stop and appreciate the fact that in this day and age, we can buy a box of cookies and be entered into a raffle where the prize is to literally go to near space?

- AAEexecutive (talk) 19:05, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

"Dsrl" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dsrl&redirect=no Dsrl] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. CycloneYoris talk! 21:21, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

"DSRL" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DSRL&redirect=no DSRL] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. CycloneYoris talk! 21:21, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2024 (Adding LE flavor to list)
In the list of limited edition Oreo flavors, I wanted to add "Oreo Trio": a Mexico-exclusive variant consisting on two halves, one chocolate, one golden with a strawberry filling. Provided are two pictures uploaded back in 2010 which show the oreos in question:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jenniferjpan/4626529661/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jenniferjpan/4627135750/in/photostream/ BlackBolt97 (talk) 01:13, 27 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Flickr is user-generated content, and the photos don't verify these details (exclusive to Mexico, flavors, etc). These photos are also copyrighted and can't be used on Wikipedia. Jamedeus (talk) 01:25, 27 April 2024 (UTC)

Should we nominate a fact about Oreo on the DYK box on the main page?
I was thinking we could nominate a fact about Oreo in the DYK UI box on the main page. I was thinking something like:

"... that Hydrox is the predecessor of Oreo?"

Once again, I am leaving this post up for discussion and I’m not going to nominate this fact if this discussions replies discard of my proposal. Bennett1203 (talk) 13:25, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

PAGE]]) 16:09, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * @Bennett1203 Does this article meet the "New" requirement of DYK? At the time of nomination, an article must be considered new, which means it was created, expanded fivefold, or promoted to good article status in the seven days preceding a nomination. --Ahecht ([[User talk:Ahecht|TALK
 * I guess not. I just made this proposal as a question. Bennett1203 (talk) 16:43, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Oreo


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User:Dannown

Dann Own Dempsey lives in the Gostenhof neighborhood of the Middle Franconian city of Nuremberg, Bavaria. He practises yoga poses and, while living in California, surfing.

wiktionary mentulomania
Hi Dann, Today I find abundant durably-archived attestations for mentulomania using Google Books. For example "(1918) The Urologic and Cutaneous Review - Volume 22, Issue 3 - Page 147", "(1898) An Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology and Allied Sciences - Page 746", "(1919) The American journal of surgery - Volume 33 - Page 193". Administrators, please undelete the page for this legitimate medical term. Keith Cascio (talk) 03:05, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

I love your new evidence. Seems like very clear attestation, i totally recommend u just remake the page. <3 dann (talk)

title: User:Dannown


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Definitions of homosexuality

Definitions of homosexuality was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

There was a proposed merger with homosexuality. After recent improvements, all of the material on this page is covered on orientation-neutral pages like Sexual orientation, Human sexual behavior, and Environment, choice, and sexual orientation, and there's an expanded discussion on Homosexuality and psychology. This article is no longer needed. -- Beland 02:21, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. (Or at least redir to Sexual orientation.) D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 06:41, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to homosexuality. -Sean Curtin 07:16, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Definitions belong on Wiktionary.TrollQueen 07:20, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can't imagine anyone looking for information on "homosexuality" would come here and painstakingly type in "definitions of homosexuality," so a redirect would be pointless.  Joyous 11:02, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree that a redir is pointless. I hope the editors of the pages to which this material has gone have acknowledged the authors of any significant text cut-and-pasted from here, as we are probably about to lose the history. Andrewa 12:57, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia isn't a place for straight definitions. StuartH 13:54, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Perhaps that could be better put? (-> No change of vote. Andrewa 20:48, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * A good place for a redirect. — siro  χ  o  08:53, Oct 12, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Formal equivalence checking

Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits, to formally prove that two representations of a circuit design exhibit exactly the same behavior.

Equivalence checking and levels of abstraction
In general, there is a wide range of possible definitions of functional equivalence covering comparisons between different levels of abstraction and varying granularity of timing details.
 * The most common approach is to consider the problem of machine equivalence which defines two synchronous design specifications functionally equivalent if, clock by clock, they produce exactly the same sequence of output signals for any valid sequence of input signals.
 * Microprocessor designers use equivalence checking to compare the functions specified for the instruction set architecture (ISA) with a register transfer level (RTL) implementation, ensuring that any program executed on both models will cause an identical update of the main memory content. This is a more general problem.
 * A system design flow requires comparison between a transaction level model (TLM), e.g., written in SystemC and its corresponding RTL specification. Such a check is becoming of increasing interest in a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design environment.

Synchronous machine equivalence
The register transfer level (RTL) behavior of a digital chip is usually described with a hardware description language, such as Verilog or VHDL. This description is the golden reference model that describes in detail which operations will be executed during which clock cycle and by which pieces of hardware. Once the logic designers, by simulations and other verification methods, have verified register transfer description, the design is usually converted into a netlist by a logic synthesis tool. Equivalence is not to be confused with functional correctness, which must be determined by functional verification.

The initial netlist will usually undergo a number of transformations such as optimization, addition of Design For Test (DFT) structures, etc., before it is used as the basis for the placement of the logic elements into a physical layout. Contemporary physical design software will occasionally also make significant modifications (such as replacing logic elements with equivalent similar elements that have a higher or lower drive strength and/or area) to the netlist. Throughout every step of a very complex, multi-step procedure, the original functionality and the behavior described by the original code must be maintained. When the final tape-out is made of a digital chip, many different EDA programs and possibly some manual edits will have altered the netlist.

In theory, a logic synthesis tool guarantees that the first netlist is logically equivalent to the RTL source code. All the programs later in the process that make changes to the netlist also, in theory, ensure that these changes are logically equivalent to a previous version.

In practice, programs have bugs and it would be a major risk to assume that all steps from RTL through the final tape-out netlist have been performed without error. Also, in real life, it is common for designers to make manual changes to a netlist, commonly known as Engineering Change Orders, or ECOs, thereby introducing a major additional error factor. Therefore, instead of blindly assuming that no mistakes were made, a verification step is needed to check the logical equivalence of the final version of the netlist to the original description of the design (golden reference model).

Historically, one way to check the equivalence was to re-simulate, using the final netlist, the test cases that were developed for verifying the correctness of the RTL. This process is called gate level logic simulation. However, the problem with this is that the quality of the check is only as good as the quality of the test cases. Also, gate-level simulations are notoriously slow to execute, which is a major problem as the size of digital designs continues to grow exponentially.

An alternative way to solve this is to formally prove that the RTL code and the netlist synthesized from it have exactly the same behavior in all (relevant) cases. This process is called formal equivalence checking and is a problem that is studied under the broader area of formal verification.

A formal equivalence check can be performed between any two representations of a design: RTL <> netlist, netlist <> netlist or RTL <> RTL, though the latter is rare compared to the first two. Typically, a formal equivalence checking tool will also indicate with great precision at which point there exists a difference between two representations.

Methods
There are two basic technologies used for boolean reasoning in equivalence checking programs:
 * Binary decision diagrams, or BDDs: A specialized data structure designed to support reasoning about boolean functions. BDDs have become highly popular because of their efficiency and versatility.
 * Conjunctive Normal Form Satisfiability: SAT solvers returns an assignment to the variables of a propositional formula that satisfies it if such an assignment exists. Almost any boolean reasoning problem can be expressed as a SAT problem.

Commercial applications for equivalence checking
Major products in the Logic Equivalence Checking (LEC) area of EDA are:

 * FormalPro by Mentor Graphics
 * Questa SLEC by Mentor Graphics
 * Conformal by Cadence
 * Jasper by Cadence
 * Formality by Synopsys
 * VC Formal by Synopsys
 * 360 EC by OneSpin Solutions
 * ATEC by ATEC

Generalizations

 * Equivalence Checking of Retimed Circuits: Sometimes it is helpful to move logic from one side of a register to another, and this complicates the checking problem.
 * Sequential Equivalence Checking: Sometimes, two machines are completely different at the combinational level, but should give the same outputs if given the same inputs.  The classic example is two identical state machines with different encodings for the states. Since this cannot be reduced to a combinational problem, more general techniques are required.
 * Equivalence of Software Programs, i.e. checking if two well-defined programs that take N inputs and produce M outputs are equivalent: Conceptually, you can turn software into a state machine (that's what the combination of a compiler does, since a computer plus its memory form a very large state machine.)  Then, in theory, various forms of property checking can ensure they produce the same output.  This problem is even harder than sequential equivalence checking, since the outputs of the two programs may appear at different times; but it is possible, and researchers are working on it.

title: Formal equivalence checking


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Andy Borowitz

Andy Borowitz (born January 4, 1958) is an American writer, comedian, satirist, and actor. Borowitz is a New York Times-bestselling author who won the first National Press Club award for humor. He is known for creating the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and the satirical column The Borowitz Report.

Early life
Borowitz was born to a marginally observant Reform Jewish family in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and graduated from Shaker Heights High School.

In 1980, Borowitz graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College, where he lived in Adams House and was president of the Harvard Lampoon. He also wrote for the Hasty Pudding Theatricals. Borowitz studied with playwright William Alfred and wrote his undergraduate thesis on Restoration comedy.

Hollywood
After graduating from Harvard, Borowitz moved to Los Angeles to work for producer Bud Yorkin at Tandem Productions, the company Yorkin co-founded with producer Norman Lear. From 1982 through 1983, he wrote for the television series Square Pegs, starring Sarah Jessica Parker. From 1983 through 1984, he wrote for the television series The Facts of Life. He wrote for various television series through the 1980s.

During his marriage to writer and producer Susan Borowitz (1982–2005), the two co-created The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, which ran for six seasons on NBC and launched the acting career of Will Smith. The series won NAACP's Image Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993.

In 1998, Borowitz co-produced the film Pleasantville, starring Reese Witherspoon, Tobey Maguire, William H. Macy, Joan Allen, and Jeff Daniels. It was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Costume Design, and Best Music, Original Dramatic Score.

In 2004 Borowitz appeared in Woody Allen's Melinda and Melinda, starring Will Ferrell, and in Marie and Bruce, starring Julianne Moore and Matthew Broderick. Marie and Bruce was co-written by Wallace Shawn and director Tom Cairns. In 2007 he appeared in the film Fired!

Political satire
In the late 1990s, Borowitz began e-mailing humorous news parodies to friends. In 2001, he founded The Borowitz Report, a site that posts one 250-word news satire every weekday. The site led to greater fame and widespread attention for Borowitz as a political satirist. The Wall Street Journal devoted a page-one story to him and his site in 2003 and readership ultimately grew to the millions. In 2005, the newspaper syndicator Creators Syndicate began syndicating The Borowitz Report to dozens of major newspapers, including the Los Angeles Times, The Seattle Times, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. It is also one of the longest-running features at the Newsweek website. He has served as a commentator on the National Public Radio programs Weekend Edition Sunday and Wait Wait… Don't Tell Me!, the latter on November 12, 2006. Borowitz is also a regular contributor to humor newspaper Funny Times.

In 2007, he started blogging for the Huffington Post. His posts were featured on the home page of the blog and quickly became one of its most popular features. His popularity surged during the 2008 campaign, leading The Daily Beast to call him "America's satire king".

In 2009, The Borowitz Report began a Twitter feed, which was voted the number-one Twitter account in the world in a Time magazine poll in 2011. Eventually, he abandoned the feed.

On July 18, 2012, Borowitz announced that The New Yorker had acquired the Borowitz Report website, the first time that the magazine had ever made such an acquisition. In its first 24 hours as a New Yorker feature, The Borowitz Report garnered the most page views on the entire New Yorker website.

Television performer
In 2002, Borowitz joined the staff of CNN's American Morning and soon appeared on the program three mornings a week. In 2004, he covered the Democratic National Convention for the channel, paired with comedian Lewis Black of The Daily Show. He has made numerous appearances on other television programs including Countdown with Keith Olbermann, Best Week Ever on VH1 and Live at Gotham on Comedy Central.

In 2010, Borowitz appeared on the PBS show Need to Know. Tom Shales, television critic for The Washington Post, singled out Borowitz for praise, calling him "one of the wittiest Web wags".

Stand-up comedy
Borowitz's success as a television performer led to his becoming a strong draw as a stand-up comedian, and he started headlining at major comedy clubs across the country, including Carolines on Broadway, where he hosts a monthly show called Next Week's News. Other major comedians who have appeared with him in that show include Amy Sedaris and Susie Essman.

For four consecutive years starting in 2004, he performed at The Comedy Festival in Aspen, Colorado.

In September 2007, he headlined an edition of Next Week's News at the Bumbershoot festival in Seattle, Washington, performing to standing-room-only audiences and critical acclaim in the press, including the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. He also performed to a sold-out house at the 2007 New York Comedy Festival, which featured other prominent comedians including Denis Leary, Bill Maher, and Sarah Silverman.

In 2008, he hosted a series of sold-out shows at New York City's 92nd Street Y called "Countdown to the Election". The show earned rave reviews and featured such guests as Arianna Huffington, Mo Rocca, Jonathan Alter, Joy Behar, and Jeffrey Toobin.

He continued to tour the country performing stand-up, including a performance at the University of California, Santa Barbara in April 2008. The university newspaper, Daily Nexus, reported that Borowitz played to a packed house and had the audience "erupting with laughter". Comedian Mike Birbiglia praised Borowitz in a May 2009 profile in Harvard Magazine: "Andy just picked up stand-up comedy as a hobby, and he's as good at it as anybody."

On November 28, 2010, CBS News Sunday Morning aired a retrospective of his career as a comedian and writer, calling him "one of the funniest people in America".

On June 28, 2011, he performed at New York City's Central Park Summerstage and drew a crowd estimated at 5,000, setting a new record for turnout at a Summerstage spoken-word event.

The New Yorker
In 1998, Borowitz began contributing humor to The New Yorker magazine. He quickly became one of the magazine's most prolific humor contributors, writing dozens of essays including "Emily Dickinson, Jerk of Amherst", selected as one of the funniest humor pieces in the magazine's history and included in The New Yorker's humor collection Fierce Pajamas. Two more humor pieces of his appeared in the magazine's 2008 collection Disquiet, Please! He has also performed at The New Yorker Festival's humor revues at The Town Hall in New York City with such other New Yorker contributors as Woody Allen, Steve Martin, and Calvin Trillin. Additionally, he has joined The New Yorker College Tour, where he has performed with improv group The Second City and David Sedaris.

In addition to writing for The New Yorker, Borowitz has written for many other magazines, including Vanity Fair and The Believer, and was a primary contributor to the cult magazine Army Man.

National Book Awards
In 2009, Borowitz was chosen by the National Book Foundation to host the National Book Awards in New York City. Previous hosts have included such comedians and writers as Steve Martin and Garrison Keillor. His performance earned him a return engagement for the 2010 awards ceremony.

The 50 Funniest American Writers
In 2011, Library of America chose Borowitz to edit an anthology of American humor, The 50 Funniest American Writers. Encompassing American humor from Mark Twain to The Onion, the book was set to be released on October 13, 2011. It became a best seller on the day of its publication, reaching number eight on Amazon.com and becoming the number-one humor book in the United States. It also became the first book in the 32-year history of the Library of America to become a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller. Both Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com named it a Best Book of 2011, and Amazon.com named it the number-one Entertainment Book of the Year. In a feature about the book, The Washington Post noted its popular success, calling Borowitz "America's finest fake-news creator and sharpest political satirist".

An Unexpected Twist
In 2012, Borowitz wrote his first autobiographical work, An Unexpected Twist, an Amazon Kindle single. The essay recounts Borowitz's near-death experience in 2008 while undergoing emergency abdominal surgery in New York City. A mixture of dark comedy, hospital drama and love story, the book became a bestseller on its first day of release, placing number one on Amazon's Kindle Single chart. It became the first nonfiction Kindle Single to make The Wall Street Journal bestseller list, debuting at number six.

In his book review for The New York Times, Dwight Garner wrote, "Andy Borowitz is the funniest human on Twitter, and that's not mean praise. His first original e-book—the current best-selling Single—is a seriocomic memoir called An Unexpected Twist, about a blockage in his colon that nearly killed him. This funny book has a sneaky emotional gravity. As the time of his illness, he'd been married only a few months, and his small book becomes a rather large love story."

In his review of the book, journalist Seth Mnookin wrote, "Borowitz has become one of the most lauded satirists in the country—think of him as a literary Jon Stewart. His name graces the cover of one of the most successful Library of America volumes ever (The 50 Funniest American Writers* (*According to Andy Borowitz)). He was voted by Time magazine readers as having the #1 Twitter feed in the world. He even hosted the National Book Awards—twice… It's no surprise that Borowitz is able to mine his situation for humor. What makes An Unexpected Twist even more satisfying is his ability to highlight some of the surreal and infuriating aspects of modern American medical care without hitting the reader over the head with them."

On June 25, 2012, Amazon named An Unexpected Twist the Best Kindle Single of 2012.

Other
Since 1999, Borowitz has been the primary host of The Moth, a New York-based storytelling group. He sings with the literary rock band Rock Bottom Remainders, a group with a rotating cast of players including Dave Barry, Matt Groening, Roy Blount Jr., Stephen King, Amy Tan, Robert Fulghum, Barbara Kingsolver, and Scott Turow. He has taught screenwriting in the United States and Europe and is on the guest faculty of the Maurits Binger Film Institute in Amsterdam.

In October 2012, he became the host of the BBC comedy series News Quiz USA. The hit comedy series has millions of listeners on BBC Radio 4 in the U.K. and is broadcast on the public radio station WNYC in New York.

Personal life
He was married to Susan Borowitz, the co-creator of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. After their divorce he married Olivia Gentile, the author of Life List: A Woman's Quest for the World's Most Amazing Birds. He has three children and lives in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Awards

 * 1992 – NAACP Image Award for The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 * 2001 and 2005 – finalist for the Thurber Prize for American Humor
 * 2002 – inducted into the New York Friars' Club
 * 2004 – inaugural National Press Club Award for Humor

Borowitz has also received seven About.com Political Dot Comedy Awards for "The Borowitz Report".

Books

 * 2000 – The Trillionaire Next Door –  The Greedy Investor's Guide to Day Trading. New York:  HarperBusiness. ISBN 978-0-06-662076-3.
 * 2003 – Who Moved My Soap? –  The CEO's Guide to Surviving in Prison. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5142-6.
 * 2004 – Governor Arnold –  A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office. New York:  Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6266-8.
 * 2004 – The Borowitz Report –  The Big Book of Shockers. New York:  Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-7432-6277-4.
 * 2006 – The Republican Playbook.  New York:  Hyperion Books. ISBN 978-1-4013-0290-0.
 * 2009 – Who Moved My Soap? –  The CEO's Guide to Surviving in Prison –  The Bernie Madoff Edition. New York City, New York:  Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5142-6.
 * 2011 –  The 50 Funniest American Writers* (*According to Andy Borowitz) –  An Anthology of Humor from Mark Twain to The Onion.  New York City, New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-107-7.
 * 2012 – An Unexpected Twist. Seattle, Washington: Amazon Digital Services.  (Amazon Kindle Single).
 * 2022 – Profiles in Ignorance –  How America's Politicians Got Dumb and Dumber. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-66800-388-6.

title: Andy Borowitz


text:
User:Phyzome

I'm Tim McCormack, a software developer living in Somerville, Massachusetts. I started editing in 2004, and was deeply involved through 2007; since then, I mostly do spot-edits as I come across issues, and take care of vandalism and other problematic edits on articles on my watchlist. (Notably, my user/talk pages are fairly outdated.) I have academic experience in computer science and biology, as well as interests in linguistics and psychology. (Bio current as of 2019.)

Link resources
Personal reference.

Links I use
 * I maintain a to-do list. Juicy article possibilities!
 * Clip library
 * TeX markup
 * Template messages
 * WikiProject Tree of Life/Taxobox Usage
 * Extended image syntax
 * Navigation: Stats matrix | Project matrix

Contact

 * I use the username Phyzome on several MediaWiki projects: @en.wikipedia, @metawiki, @commons, @en.wikinews, @en.wiktionary, and @wikispecies (inactive). Please use this main account at en.wikipedia.
 * Email me
 * Email, Jabber, AIM, and IRC: https://www.brainonfire.net/contact/
 * Or my talk page, of course!

Licensing
All content that I have created and uploaded (e.g. text, graphics, sound, code) to any Wikimedia project is hereby licensed under both the GFDL and the cc-by-sa-2.5. This is in addition to any license noted on the site or image page itself.

I am open to individual negotiation about licenses, outside the scope of the Wikimedia projects. Please contact me via email if you would like to use my individual contributions (like images) in a way not consistent with the posted license(s).

title: User:Phyzome


text: User talk:68.212.255.73

title: User talk:68.212.255.73


text:
Kentwood

Kentwood may refer to:

 * United Kingdom
 * Kentwood (Reading ward), part of Tilehurst

 * United States
 * Kentwood, Louisiana
 * Kentwood, Michigan
 * Kentwood High School (Washington), in Covington

title: Kentwood


text:
Kenwood

Kenwood may refer to:

Places

 * England
 * Kenwood (or Ken Wood), a part of Hampstead Heath, London, the location of
 * Kenwood House
 * Kenwood, in the parish of Kenton, Devon
 * Kenwood, St. George's Hill, John Lennon's home in Weybridge, Surrey

 * United States
 * Kenwood, California
 * Kenwood, Missouri
 * Kenwood, Ohio
 * Kenwood, Oklahoma
 * Neighborhoods and districts:
 * Kenwood Historic District (St. Petersburg, Florida), Florida Registered Historic District
 * Kenwood, Chicago, Illinois
 * Kenwood District, Chicago Landmark District
 * North Kenwood District, Chicago Landmark District
 * Kenwood (Duluth), Minnesota
 * Kenwood, Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * Kenwood, Albany, New York
 * Kenwood Historic District (Enid, Oklahoma)
 * Kenwood, Roanoke, Virginia
 * Kenwood (Gloucester, Virginia), a historic house and property
 * Kenwood (Huntington, West Virginia), a historic house

Businesses

 * Kenwood Corporation, Japanese maker of radio and electronic equipment, owned by the Japanese company JVC-Kenwood
 * Kenwood Limited, British maker of small kitchen appliances owned by the Italian company De'Longhi
 * Kenwood Towne Centre, a shopping mall

Schools

 * Kenwood Academy, a junior-senior high school opened as Kenwood High School in 1969 in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois
 * Kenwood High School (Maryland), established in 1931 in Essex, Baltimore County, Maryland
 * Kenwood High School (Tennessee), established in 1997 in Clarksville, Montgomery County, Tennessee

People

 * Ken Wood (disambiguation)

title: Kenwood


text:
Kenyon (surname)

Kenyon is a surname of English origin. The name first appears in English heraldry, the first known holder being Jordan Kenyon, Lord of Winwick, Cheshire. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alfred Stephen Kenyon (1867–1943), Australian civil engineer and polymath
 * Arthur Kenyon (footballer) (1867–1895), English footballer
 * Basil Kenyon (1918–1996), South African rugby union player
 * Carol Kenyon (born 1959), British singer
 * Cecelia Kenyon (1923–1990), American political scientist
 * Cynthia Kenyon (born 1954), American molecular biologist
 * Dean H. Kenyon (born c. 1939), American biologist and proponent of intelligent design
 * Don Kenyon (1924–1996), English cricketer
 * Doris Kenyon (1897–1979), American actress and singer
 * Dorothy Kenyon (1888–1972), American lawyer
 * E. W. Kenyon (1867–1948), American evangelist and president of a Bible Institute
 * Elmer A. Kenyon (1870–1922), American politician
 * Frederick C. Kenyon (1867–1941), American zoologist and anatomist
 * Frederic G. Kenyon (1863–1952) British paleographer and biblical scholar
 * James Kenyon (cinematographer) (1850–1925), English pioneer of cinematography
 * James Kenyon (politician) (1846–1924), British Member of Parliament
 * James Kenyon (sport shooter) (1875–1935), Canadian Olympic sport shooter
 * Jane Kenyon (1947–1995), American poet and translator
 * John Kenyon (priest) (1812–1869), Irish Catholic priest and Young Irelander
 * John Robert Kenyon (1807–1880), British legal academic
 * John Samuel Kenyon (1874–1959), American phonetician
 * Kathleen Kenyon (1906–1978), British archaeologist of Neolithic culture
 * Kyle Kenyon (1924–1996), American politician
 * Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon (1732–1802), British politician and barrister
 * Lloyd Kenyon, 3rd Baron Kenyon (1805–1869), British Member of Parliament
 * Matt Kenyon (born 1977), American new media artist
 * Matt Kenyon (basketball) (born 1998), Australian basketball player
 * Mel Kenyon (born 1933), American racing driver
 * Nicholas Kenyon (born 1951), English music administrator
 * Peter Kenyon (born 1954), British chief executive of Chelsea Football Club
 * Sandy Kenyon (1922–2010), American actor
 * Sherrilyn Kenyon (born 1965), American writer of pulp fiction novels
 * Steve Kenyon (born 1951), English long-distance runner
 * Tom Kenyon (born 1972), Australian politician
 * William C. Kenyon (1898–1951), American athlete and coach
 * William S. Kenyon (Iowa politician) (1869–1933), American senator
 * William S. Kenyon (New York politician) (1820–1896), U.S. representative from New York

title: Kenyon (surname)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slogan:Homosexuality is a choice

Slogan:Homosexuality is a choice was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

I have merged this article into Environment, choice, and sexual orientation. The "psychological viewpoints" section is rather completely obsoleted by Genetics and sexual orientation (formerly Genetic basis for sexual orientation) and Homosexuality and psychology. Re-nominating for deletion. -- Beland 01:39, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete bad article name violates WP convention. D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 06:40, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Strange one this, it was validly deleted but then undeleted to allow recovery of some text. Agree relisting here is a good way forward now. Andrewa 13:13, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - If it has been deleted and then undeleted but doesn't contain anything new, then that makes it a speedy deletion candidate? --Jll 11:27, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The slogan itself deserves an article, even if some of the content has been incorporated into another article. 80.255 00:55, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonstandard, unconventional naming.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 04:03, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Hoopla

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Hoopla


text:
User talk:0101NGhk

There are many articules about Zheng Zhenduo, about his life, his bibiography in this wikipedia, either they are done by my groupmates or any other interested parties.

For me, the most interesting part to understand Zheng is not what he was but rather what he thought and what he had done in his life to make him such an important man, not only in the literary arena but also in the mass media during the 19th century.

I want to be an innocent regardless my grade, my knowledge in the JMSC course, who want to understand him as a journalist from a wider and boarder perspective. I would like to take this chance to see how he acquired the qualities of journalism whereas he could step a bit further: to become a literary writer from a journalistic point of view.

I have borrowed some books about Zheng, hoping I can finish them as soon as possible so that I could report to everyone about his journey in the mass media.

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Feel free to ask if you need any help. The tables on my user page (User:MacGyverMagic) have some helpful links to pages you might want to read.

Sincerely, [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:36, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:0101NGhk


text:
Adonis (musician)

Adonis (born Michael A. Smith, current legal name Adonis M. Smith; January 4, 1963) is a pioneering American acid house musician. Adonis is best known for his early Chicago house tracks "No Way Back" and "We're Rockin Down the House".

Musical career
Born and raised on the West Side of Chicago, Adonis was introduced to music at a young age. He studied contemporary jazz at the American Conservatory of Music. Later on, he played bass guitar in several R&B bands and was eventually introduced to the house scene in Chicago through hearing Jesse Saunders' "On and On".

As Michael A. Smith, he was a member of the band Clockwork. They recorded "I'm Your Candy Girl" (1984), a post-disco boogie song.

In 1986, Adonis released "No Way Back", which is considered to be one of the most influential Chicago house tracks. The single, by estimate, sold over 100,000 copies and was selected as number 14 by on the 2014 Rolling Stone list of the 20 best Chicago house records.

Partial discography

 * As Adonis
 * "No Way Back" (single) (1986, Adonis Recordings)
 * "We're Rocking Down the House" (single) (1986, Adonis Recordings)
 * "Acid Poke" (single) (1988, Desire Records)
 * "H.O.U.S.E." (featuring M. C. Kodak) (single) (1988, Black Market Records)
 * "Do You Wanna Jack" (as Gentry Ice) b/w "Lost in the Sound" (single) (1989, Jack Trax)
 * With The Endless Poker's
 * "! The Poke !" (single) (1987, D.J. International Records)
 * With Clockwork
 * "I'm Your Candy Girl" (single) (1984, Private I Records)
 * "Night Life" (single) (1985, The Network)
 * "Feela-La-La" (single) (1987, City Street Records)
 * With Jack Frost & The Circle Jerks
 * "Two The Max" lp (1988, Adonis Recordings)

title: Adonis (musician)


text:
Battle of Graus

The Battle of Graus was a battle of the Reconquista, traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063. Either in or as a result of the battle, King Ramiro I of Aragon died.

Antonio Ubieto Arteta, in his Historia de Aragón, re-dated the battle to 1069. The late twelfth-century Chronica naierensis dates the encounter to 1070.

Ramiro's first attempt to take Graus, the northernmost Muslim outpost in the valley of the Cinca, took place in 1055, probably in response to the defeat of García Sánchez III of Navarre at Atapuerca the year before (1054), which placed Ferdinand I of León and Castile in a commanding position against Ramiro's western border and the Muslim Taifa of Zaragoza to his south. His first expedition against Graus failed, and in 1059 Ferdinand succeeded in extorting parias (tribute) from Zaragoza. Ramiro marched on Graus again in the spring of 1063, but this time the Zaragozans had with them 300 Castilian knights under the infante Sancho the Strong and (possibly) his general Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, better known as El Cid. The presence of the Cid at the battle is based on a single source, the generally reliable Historia Roderici, which alleges that he was the alférez of Sancho at the time. Considering the rarity of the Cid's name in the documents of the early 1060s, this is unlikely.

The circumstances of the actual battle are obscure. Reinhart Dozy argued that Ramiro survived four months after the battle and that neither the Cid nor Sancho took any part in it. The Fragmentum historicum ex cartulario Alaonis records only that occisus est a mauris in bello apud Gradus (he [Ramiro] was killed by the Moors in war near Graus), with no mention of the Castilians. The aforementioned Chronica naierensis contains an account generally, though not universally, regarded as a legend: that Sancho Garcés, an illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre, eloped with the daughter of García's wife, Stephanie (probably by an earlier marriage), who was the fiancée of the Castilian infante Sancho, and that he sought refuge at the court first of Zaragoza, then later of Aragon. Sancho, to avenge the disruption of his marriage plans, marched against Ramiro and Zaragoza, and Ramiro died in the encounter near "the place called Graus" (loco qui Gradus dicitur) in 1064 or 1070. According to the Arabic historian al-Turtūshī, Ramiro (misidentified as "Ibn Rudmīr", the son of Ramiro) was assassinated by a Muslim soldier who spoke the Christians' language and infiltrated the Aragonese camp.

Charles Bishko, summarising the position of Pierre Boissonnade, explains how the battle of Graus gave impetus to the War of Barbastro of the next year: . . . the expedition against Barbastro is above all a French crusade, inspired by Cluny and launched through Cluny's persuasion by the papacy of Alexander II, the purpose of which is to preserve a hard-pressed Aragonese kingdom from imminent invasion and possible destruction at the hands of the Muslims, following Ramiro I's shattering defeat and death at Graus on 8 May 1063. Graus, in this Hispanic prelude to the Palestinian gesta Dei per Francos, serves as an Iberian Manzikert, with King Sancho Ramírez—like the legates of the Emperor Alexius Comnenus at Piacenza—appealing in desperation for papal and Frankish succor. . . Graus was finally taken by Sancho Ramírez, Ramiro's successor, in 1083.

title: Battle of Graus


text:
Keota

Keota may refer to:

 * Towns in the United States:
 * Keota, Colorado
 * Keota, Iowa
 * Keota, Missouri
 * Keota, Oklahoma

 * Towns in Bangladesh:
 * Keota, Bangladesh

 * Towns in India:
 * Keota, Hooghly

title: Keota


text:
Kewanee

Kewanee may refer to:

Places

 * Kewanee, Illinois
 * Kewanee station
 * Hotel Kewanee, a 1916 hotel, now senior housing
 * Kewanee, Kentucky
 * Kewanee, Mississippi
 * Kewanee, Missouri

Other

 * USRC Kewanee, a 1863 Pawtuxet-class screw steam revenue cutter built for the United States Revenue Marine
 * Kewanee Walworths, a 1919–1920 American football team

title: Kewanee


text: File:HMCS Halifax crest.jpg

title: File:HMCS Halifax crest.jpg


text:
Wally Joyner

Wallace Keith Joyner (born June 16, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player. He played for four major league teams during a 16-year career, most notably for the California Angels, for whom he was an All-Star. He was a member of the pennant-winning 1998 San Diego Padres.

Early life and career
Joyner attended Redan High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. He attended college at Brigham Young University. In the 1983 MLB draft, the California Angels selected Joyner in the third round as a compensation pick from the New York Yankees for signing Don Baylor.

Joyner credited a stint with the Mayagüez Indians of the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League as fundamental in his improvement as a slugger. Then-batting coach José Manuel Morales forced him to do power weight training and modify his posture at the batting cage, so as to develop upper body strength. He was consequently the top hitter on Puerto Rico's winter league on the 1985–86 season, winning the Triple Crown (.356, 14 HR, 48 RBI) in 54 games.

California Angels
During his rookie season with the California Angels, Joyner became a fan favorite and briefly inspired a sensation in which Anaheim Stadium was dubbed "Wally World", after the fictional theme park in the film National Lampoon's Vacation. ESPN announcer Chris Berman called him Wally "Absorbine" Joyner, a nickname that stuck.

Joyner was the starting first baseman in the 1986 All-Star Game. Joyner tied Darryl Strawberry for first place in that year's Home Run Derby.

When the Angels met the New York Yankees in a game in August 1986, a fan threw a knife at Joyner. Joyner was grazed on the left arm by the butt end of the weapon, escaping injury.

Joyner broke up two no-hit bids in the ninth during the 1986 season. Against the Texas Rangers on June 16, he foiled Charlie Hough's bid with a single with one out in the ninth, scoring Jack Howell (who had reached on a three-base error) to tie the game at 1–1. Joyner, whose hit would be the Angels' only one of the game, eventually scored the winning run on Orlando Mercado's passed ball for a 2–1 Angels victory. Against the Detroit Tigers on August 20, Joyner broke up Walt Terrell's bid for a no-hitter by doubling with two out in the ninth; this would also be the Angels only hit in losing to the Tigers 3–0.

Joyner and the Angels advanced to the 1986 American League Championship Series, where they came within one strike of reaching the franchise's first World Series. In game 3 of the series, Joyner was running home on an infield hit, and as he stepped on home plate, he unknowingly opened up a previously unseen staph infection on his shin, which led to him having to be hospitalized and miss the rest of the series.

At the end of the 1986 season, Joyner was the runner-up in the voting for the Rookie of the Year Award, losing to José Canseco.

On October 3, 1987, Joyner hit three solo home runs against the Indians in a 12-5 victory on the next to last day of the season. He finished the 1987 season with 34 home runs and 117 RBI, both career highs.

Post-Angels
After six years with the Angels, Joyner signed with the Kansas City Royals as a free agent for the 1992 season. He played with the Royals for four years. After the 1995 season, Joyner was traded to the San Diego Padres for Bip Roberts. He played with the Padres for four years, and was the starting first baseman on the 1998 pennant-winning team. After the 1999 season, Joyner was traded to the Atlanta Braves in a deal that also sent Reggie Sanders to the Braves and Bret Boone and Ryan Klesko to the Padres. He played with the Braves for one year before ending his career, as he wished, where it had begun, with the Anaheim Angels.

Joyner announced his retirement on June 16, 2001. In a taped message that was played on the Edison Field videoboard after the first inning that day, he thanked the Angels fans for their support and received a standing ovation.

In a 16 year career, Joyner posted a .289 batting average with 204 home runs and 1,106 RBI in 2,033 games played. Defensively, he was an excellent first baseman, recording a career .994 fielding percentage. He led the American League in fielding percentage at first base in 1989 and 1995 and the National League in 1996 and 1997.

In a November 2005 interview with ESPN The Magazine, Joyner revealed that he had briefly used steroids. At age 36, as his career was beginning to decline, he asked Padres teammate Ken Caminiti how to obtain them and did so. He took three pills before deciding not to continue and flushed them down the toilet. Joyner told Buster Olney that his reason for telling his story in public was to set the record straight for the sake of his daughters. Joyner was listed in the 2007 Mitchell Report.

Coaching

On July 31, 2007, Joyner was hired by the San Diego Padres to be their hitting coach, replacing Merv Rettenmund. Previously, Joyner had served as a special assistant to Padres General Manager Kevin Towers. Between 2003 and 2007, he also acted as a roving minor league instructor and spring training instructor for the Padres.

In September 2008, Joyner resigned as the hitting coach for the Padres due to a number of factors including the team's low rankings in batting categories and a difference in philosophy in regards to hitting with members of upper management (most notably, CEO Sandy Alderson). The resignation came as somewhat of a surprise due to Joyner's relationship with the GM/VP Kevin Towers. Their friendship goes all the way back to the early 1980s as college teammates for the BYU Cougars. Towers even traded for Joyner in late 1995, one of the first few transactions he made as the new GM for the Padres. In spite of this, Joyner was likely to be let go at the end of the year like Bench Coach Craig Colbert was on September 29, 2008, due to the same factors in his resignation.

On October 15, 2012, Joyner was hired by the Philadelphia Phillies as their assistant hitting coach to new hitting coach Steve Henderson. Following the firing of Charlie Manuel, Joyner became the first base coach under interim manager, Ryne Sandberg.

On November 18, 2013, the Detroit Tigers announced the hiring of Joyner as their hitting coach. He was the team's hitting coach for the 2014, 2015, and 2016 seasons. He resigned after the 2016 season to pursue other opportunities.

Personal life
Joyner resides in Mapleton, Utah. Joyner has invested in and appeared in films marketed to members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, including playing "Brother Angel" (a reference to the California Angels) in The Singles Ward, and "Brother Jensen" in the 2003 movie, The R.M.. He is the nephew of former United States Senator Paula Hawkins.

title: Wally Joyner


text:
User talk:Smear~enwiki

Shinichiro Tomonaga
I'm moving it back to the Kunrei-shiki name. See, the Manual of Style states that generally the most common form of a name should be used. He is best known under the Kunrei-shiki form of the name, even though Hepburn is more popular, especially in Anglophone environments. WhisperToMe 02:38, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Smear. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Smear~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:04, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:00, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Smear~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Recent additions 15

Did you know...

 * ...that Karel Kuttelwascher was the most famous Czech flying ace in World War II?
 * ...that the aftermath of the Revolt of 1173–1174 is depicted in the Peter O'Toole-Katharine Hepburn movie The Lion in Winter?
 * ...that weight transfer causes the traction of tires on a car to vary?
 * ...that the Cathedral of Magdeburg was the highest church in East Germany and houses the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor?
 * ...that before Helen Gallagher became well-known for her role as matriarch on Ryan's Hope, she won a Tony Award for her work in the revival of No, No, Nanette?
 * ...that Fort Calgary, in what is now Calgary, Alberta, was originally named Fort Brisebois?
 * ...that at the height of the Cold War, Lynne Cox swam the Bering Strait, becoming the first person to swim from the United States to the Soviet Union?
 * ...that André Maginot, for whom the Maginot Line was named, was awarded the Médaille militaire for valor during World War I?
 * ...that according to the Oxford English Dictionary the longest English word with one syllable is squirrelled?
 * ...that the Dutch delicacy croquette is rumored to contain offal?
 * ...that the unfinished Ca' Rezzonico palazzo appears in an early 18th-century painting of Venice's Grand Canal by Canaletto?
 * ...that Elizabeth Barton was executed for high treason in 1534 for prophesying the death of King Henry VIII?
 * ...that the 1953 low-budget film Robot Monster was so poorly received its director attempted suicide?
 * ...that timber from the leadwood tree burns very slowly and is often used for nightlong fires intended to keep animals at bay?
 * ...that B of the Bang in Manchester is the tallest self-supporting sculpture in the UK?
 * ...that the initial arctic convoys of World War II set sail from Iceland?
 * ...that the Hamsa is used by both some Jews and Muslims as a talisman to protect against the evil eye?
 * ...that the most famous boardwalk in the United States is probably the one in Atlantic City, New Jersey, thanks to its association with the Monopoly board game?
 * ...that the feminist group Women on Waves, which built a gynecology unit on a ship, performs abortions in international waters?
 * ...that the first post office in The Bahamas was probably at Pitt's Town on Crooked Island?
 * ...that poorly-written Regency romance novels can often be identified by their incorrect use of styles and titles of peers?
 * ...that 19th-century groups in the United States called vigilance committees had different purposes depending on the region, including hiding fugitive slaves in the North, harassing abolitionists in the South, and acting as courts and law enforcement in the West?
 * ...that the second-highest ranking official in the Kingdom of Hungary was the Palatine?
 * ...that Rajpath, which runs from the presidential residence Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate war memorial, is probably the most important ceremonial avenue in India?
 * ...that the only excavated stand-alone timber circles in the British Isles are those at Seahenge in Norfolk and the early phases of The Sanctuary in Wiltshire?
 * ...that in order to communicate with the kidnappers of Frank Sinatra, Jr. in 1963 via payphone, the elder Frank Sinatra carried a roll of dimes, which became a lifelong habit?
 * ...that Lake Urmia, the largest lake in Iran, is a salt lake too saline to support fish?
 * ...that Urdu literature is dominated by poetry, often of the ghazal form?
 * ...that the legendary Buenaventura River was imagined to parallel the significance of the Mississippi River within the western North America?
 * ...that the U.S. military's Tybee Bomb, a Mark 15 hydrogen bomb missing off the coast of the state of Georgia since 1958, may recently have been discovered?
 * ...that eugenicist Paul Popenoe introduced marriage counseling to the United States?
 * ...that Beijing's 798 Art Zone in Dashanzi, Chaoyang District has been compared to New York City's Greenwich Village or SoHo?
 * ...that the Italian-invented human torpedo was first used in World War II to severely damage the British battleships HMS Valiant and HMS Queen Elizabeth?
 * ...that Barbara Billingsley was so typecast as June Cleaver on the sitcom Leave It to Beaver that she could not get acting jobs for nearly 20 years?
 * ...that Hoot is novelist Carl Hiaasen's first young-adult book?
 * ...that the Guinness Book of World Records lists the eight-year production schedule of the 1996 British film It Happened Here as the longest production schedule ever?
 * ...that the crustaceans known as giant isopods, which live in the depths of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, can grow up to 45 cm long?
 * ...that the official flag specifications for the flag of India require that the flag be made only of khādī, a special type of hand-spun yarn?
 * ...that the 33 Edicts of Ashoka in north India and Pakistan are the first tangible historical evidence of Buddhism?
 * ...that Royal Navy admiral Alexander Cochrane was responsible for the bombing of Fort McHenry, which inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner," the national anthem of the United States ?
 * ...that 8th-century library of Ethelbert of York was probably the largest book collection of its day outside of Rome?
 * ...that plant sexuality is most diverse among angiosperms?
 * ...that the potassium deficiency known as hypokalemia can be a side effect of certain medications?
 * ...that it's unclear whether Euripides' play Electra was written before or after Sophocles' version?
 * ...that most contemporary robotic telescopes are in the hands of amateur astronomers?
 * ...that the so-called zigzag method of using a knife and fork is particular to the United States?
 * ...that the Bonfires of Saint John festival in Spain uses discarded furniture as tinder for the fires?
 * ...that communication with submarines is difficult because seawater is an electrical conductor which blocks electromagnetic radiation?
 * ...that Leyton F.C. had to win a High Court action in order to call itself the oldest football club in London?
 * ...that Vertigo actress Barbara Bel Geddes was the daughter of designer Norman Bel Geddes?

title: Wikipedia:Recent additions 15


text:
User talk:Tom verbeure

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Tom verbeure


text:
HMCS Halifax (FFH 330)

HMCS Halifax (FFH 330) is a Halifax-class frigate that has served in the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Forces since 1992. Halifax is the lead ship in her class which is the name for the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project. She is the second vessel to carry the designation HMCS Halifax. She carries the hull classification symbol FFH 330.

She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax in her namesake city, Halifax, Nova Scotia, a name that was also borne by HMCS Halifax (K237), a Flower-class corvette during the Second World War as well as the first warship built in Halifax, HMS Halifax (1768).

Description and design
The Halifax-class frigate design of which Halifax belongs, was ordered by the Canadian Forces in 1977 as a replacement for the aging St. Laurent-class destroyer, Restigouche-class destroyer, Mackenzie-class destroyer, and Annapolis-class destroyeres of destroyer escorts, which were all tasked with anti-submarine warfare. In July 1983, the federal government approved the budget for the design and construction of the first batch of six new frigates of which Halifax was a part, out of twelve that were eventually built. To reflect the changing long-term strategy of the Navy during the 1980s and 1990s, the Halifax-class frigates was designed as a general purpose warship with particular focus on anti-submarine capabilities.

As built, the Halifax-class vessels displaced 4750 LT and were 441 ft long overall and 408 ft between perpendiculars with a beam of 53 ft and a draught of 16 ft. That made them slightly larger than the Iroquois-class destroyers. The vessels are propelled by two shafts with Escher Wyss controllable pitch propellers driven by a CODOG system of two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, generating 47500 shp and one SEMT Pielstick 20 PA6 V 280 diesel engine, generating 8800 shp.

This gives the frigates a maximum speed of 29 kn and a range of 7000 nmi at 15 kn while using their diesel engines. Using their gas turbines, the ships have a range of 3930 nmi at 18 kn. The Halifax class have a complement of 198 naval personnel of which 17 are officers and 17 aircrew of which 8 are officers.

Armament and aircraft
As built the Halifax-class vessels deployed the CH-124 Sea King helicopter, which acted in concert with shipboard sensors to seek out and destroy submarines at long distances from the ships. The ships have a helicopter deck fitted with a "bear trap" system allowing the launch and recovery of helicopters in up to sea state 6. The Halifax class also carries a close-in anti-submarine weapon in the form of the Mark 46 torpedo, launched from twin Mark 32 Mod 9 torpedo tubes in launcher compartments either side of the forward end of the helicopter hangar.

As built, the anti-shipping role is supported by the RGM-84 Harpoon Block 1C surface-to-surface missile, mounted in two quadruple launch tubes at the main deck level between the funnel and the helicopter hangar. For anti-aircraft self-defence the ships are armed with the Sea Sparrow vertical launch surface-to-air missile in two Mk 48 Mod 0 eight-cell launchers placed to port and starboard of the funnel. The vessels carry 16 missiles. A Raytheon/General Dynamics Phalanx Mark 15 Mod 21 Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) is mounted on top of the helicopter hangar for "last-ditch" defence against targets that evade the Sea Sparrow.

As built, the main gun on the forecastle is a 57 mm/70 calibre Mark 2 gun from Bofors. The gun is capable of firing 2.4 kg shells at a rate of 220 rounds per minute at a range of more than 17 km.

Countermeasures and sensors
As built, the decoy system comprises two BAE Systems Shield Mark 2 decoy launchers which fire chaff to 2 km and infrared rockets to 169 m in distraction, confusion and centroid seduction modes. The torpedo decoy is the AN/SLQ-25A Nixie towed acoustic decoy from Argon ST. The ship's radar warning receiver, the CANEWS (Canadian Electronic Warfare System), SLQ-501, and the radar jammer, SLQ-505, were developed by Thorn and Lockheed Martin Canada.

Two Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) SPG-503 (STIR 1.8) fire control radars are installed one on the roof of the bridge and one on the raised radar platform immediately forward of the helicopter hangar. The ship is also fitted with Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)5 long-range active air search radar operating at C and D bands, Ericsson HC150 Sea Giraffe medium-range air and surface search radar operating at G and H bands, and Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I-band navigation radar. The sonar suite includes the CANTASS Canadian Towed Array and GD-C AN/SQS-510 hull mounted sonar and incorporates an acoustic range prediction system. The sonobuoy processing system is the GD-C AN/UYS-503.

Modernization
The Halifax class underwent a modernization program, known as the Halifax Class Modernization (HCM) program, in order to update the frigates' capabilities in combatting modern smaller, faster and more mobile threats. This involved upgrading the command and control, radar, communications, electronic warfare and armament systems. Further improvements, such as modifying the vessel to accommodate the new Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone helicopter and satellite links will be done separately from the main Frigate Equipment Life Extension (FELEX) program.

The FELEX program comprised upgrading the combat systems integration to CMS330. The SPS-49 2D long range air search radar was replaced by the Thales Nederland SMART-S Mk 2 E/F-band 3D surveillance radar, and the two STIR 1.8 fire control radars were replaced by a pair of Saab Ceros 200 re-control radars. A Telephonics IFF Mode 5/S interrogator was installed and the Elisra NS9003A-V2HC ESM system replaced the SLQ-501 CANEWS. An IBM multi-link (Link 11, Link 16 and Link 22 enabled) datalink processing system was installed along with two Raytheon Anschütz Pathfinder Mk II navigation radars. Furthermore, Rheinmetall's Multi-Ammunition Soft kill System (MASS), known as MASS DUERAS was introduced to replace the Plessey Shield decoy system. The existing 57 mm Mk 2 guns were upgraded to the Mk 3 standard and the Harpoon missiles were improved to Block II levels, the Phalanx was upgraded to Block 1B and the obsolete Sea Sparrow system was replaced by the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile.

Service
The frigate's keel was laid down on 19 March 1987 by Saint John Shipbuilding Ltd. at Saint John, New Brunswick. The first warship constructed in Canada since 1971, the vessel was launched on 30 April 1988. The ship was provisionally accepted by the Canadian Forces in June 1991. This was followed by a year of sea trials, which after a series of issues that arose during the trials led to modifications in later vessels of the design. The ship was commissioned into the Canadian Forces on 29 June 1992.

On 2 April 1994, Halifax sailed to relieve the destroyer HMCS Iroquois (DDG 280) as Canada's contribution to the naval blockade of Yugoslavia in the Adriatic Sea. While in transit to Adriatic, one of the ship's diesel engines broke down and the frigate was forced to continue on gas turbines only. Halifax's tour ended when the ship returned to CFB Halifax on 9 September. In early 1995, the frigate sailed to Europe and made several port visits in connection with the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe. Halifax then took part in the NATO naval exercise "Linked Seas" off Portugal, returning to Halifax in June.

On 18 March 1996, Halifax departed for the Adriatic for a second tour with the embargo force, operating as flagship of the group for part of the ship's deployment. In 1998, the frigate took part in the NATO naval exercise "Strong Resolve" off Norway and assisted in the recovery operation following the crash of Swissair Flight 111. In 2000, Halifax deployed with NATO's STANAVFORLANT fleet between 26 July and 15 December.

Halifax departed Halifax on 15 August 2001 to join STANAVFORLANT. However, on 8 October 2001 the ship was diverted for combat operations in the Indian Ocean following the September 11 attacks on the United States. The frigate was the first Canadian ship on station and was deployed in the north Arabian Sea, integrated into the USS Carl Vinson carrier battle group. Halifax was replaced by sister ship HMCS Toronto (FFH 333) in December. The ship returned to Halifax on 11 February 2002.

On 13 January 2010, as part of Operation Hestia, it was announced that Halifax would be deployed to the waters around Haiti to assist in relief efforts after the January 2010 earthquake, along with the destroyer HMCS Athabaskan (DDG 282). Specifically Halifax was to be deployed outside the area of Jacmel, which was slow to receive aid due to the fact the roads were cut off and the airport was too small to handle large aircraft. The frigate arrived off Jacmel on 18 January. Halifax provided air traffic control for Jacmel Airport on the ship. The ship departed Haiti's waters on 19 February. On 4 September 2010, Halifax was turned over to Irving Shipbuilding's Halifax Shipyards, to start an 18-month mid-life upgrading and modernization.

Halifax participated in the acceptance trials of the new CH-148 Cyclone helicopters acquired for the Royal Canadian Navy. In September 2015, Halifax, along with Athabaskan, were deployed for two large NATO training missions, "Joint Warrior" and "Trident Juncture". Halifax underwent a year-long refit at Halifax Shipyard beginning in 2016. The vessel returned to service on 27 September 2017. In October 2018, Halifax was among the Canadian ships sent to participate in the large NATO exercise Trident Juncture in the North Atlantic and Baltic Seas. On 26 October 2018, a minor fire began in the starboard gas turbine in the forward engine room of Halifax. The fire was extinguished quickly and the frigate continued on her deployment.

On 6 July 2019, Halifax sailed for the Mediterranean Sea to join Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) as part of Operation Reassurance. Once the frigate joins SNMG2, Halifax will become flagship of the unit. However, within 24 hours of the frigate's departure, Halifax returned to port after an oil leak was discovered in one of the engine rooms. The vessel's departure for the Mediterranean was delayed. The oil leak was repaired and Halifax sailed for the Mediterranean, where the frigate spent six months. The vessel returned to Canada on 24 January 2020.

Halifax departed Canada on 1 January 2021 to join the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1) for six months. Upon the vessel's arrival on 18 January in Lisbon, Portugal, command was transferred to Halifax as the flagship of the unit. Upon the ship's return to Canada on 19 July, the crew was ordered to isolate aboard the ship in Halifax, after a crew member tested positive for COVID-19. A second sailor tested positive for COVID-19 on 20 July, and later a third.

On 22 February 2022 the federal government announced that Halifax would depart again to accompany HMCS Montreal for Operation Reassurance to provide additional military support, regional security and humanitarian assistance to Central and Eastern Europe in the wake of Russian aggression in Ukraine. Halifax departed Canada with a crew of 253 on 19 March 2022 to join the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 in the Baltic Sea.

title: HMCS Halifax (FFH 330)