text:
United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification

The United States Navy reclassified many of its surface vessels in 1975, changing terminology and hull classification symbols for cruisers, frigates, and ocean escorts.

Classification prior to 1975
From the 1950s to 1975, the US Navy had three types of fast task force escorts and one type of convoy escort. The task force escorts were cruisers (hull classification symbols CAG/CLG/CG), frigates or destroyer-leaders (DL/DLG), and destroyers (DD/DDG); the convoy escorts were ocean escorts (DE/DEG), often called destroyer escorts as they retained the designation and number series of the World War II vessels. Added in the early 1970s was a new ocean escort called the patrol frigate (PF), another designation previously used in World War II, which was the initial designation of the Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate. In 1975, these classifications were simplified to cruiser (CG), destroyer (DD/DDG), and frigate (FF/FFG).

Under the pre-1975 classification, cruisers were large vessels, the size of World War II gun cruisers, intended as the primary surface combatants. All but one (USS Long Beach (CGN-9)) were converted World War II gun cruisers (CL/CLG or CA/CAG), carrying either Talos or Terrier surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), and in some cases also Tartar missiles. The primary mission of these ships and the guided missile frigates was to intercept Soviet anti-ship cruise missiles. One cruiser was to be assigned to each carrier group. Most of the cruiser conversions were performed to rapidly deploy the new naval SAMs while the guided missile frigates were being designed and built. There were relatively few cruiser conversions, due to their cost and because the frigates could carry almost as many weapons as a cruiser.

From 1950 to 1975, frigates were a new type, midway between cruiser and destroyer sizes, intended as major task force escorts. The first ship of the type was a redesignated ASW cruiser; the next four were very large AAW (gun) destroyers (DL), and the remainder were essentially oversize guided missile destroyers classified as DLGs. They carried the mid-range Terrier missile, but no offensive (strategic) weapons.

Destroyers were developed from the World War II designs as the smallest fast task force escorts. DDs were fast ASW ships; DDGs were AAW ships carrying the short-range Tartar missile.

Ocean escorts were an evolution of the World War II destroyer escort types. They were intended as convoy escorts and were designed for mobilization production in wartime or low-cost mass production in peacetime. DEs were ASW vessels; DEGs were AAW vessels with Tartar missiles.

The U.S. frigate classification was not used by any other navy; similar vessels were either cruisers or destroyers in foreign service. The ocean escort type corresponded to foreign frigates (convoy escorts).

The "cruiser gap"
The Soviets defined "guided missile cruisers" as large warships armed with long range anti-ship missiles. The term "cruiser" included also two large helicopter carriers (Moskva class). The ships equivalent to U.S. frigates were classified as "large anti-submarine ships", but the larger of them were designated as "cruisers" by Western navies. This led to a conclusion, that by 1974, there were only six ships in U.S. service classified as cruisers, but the Soviets had 19 cruisers in service with seven more being built. (All totals exclude gun-only cruisers). All but two of the Soviet ships were relatively small vessels, roughly equivalent to U.S. frigates and far smaller than U.S. cruisers. However, most included a heavy anti-ship cruise missile battery that US surface combatants lacked until the introduction of the Harpoon missile circa 1980.

The differing U.S. and Soviet definitions of "cruiser" caused political problems when comparisons were made between U.S. and Soviet naval forces. A table comparing U.S. and Soviet cruiser forces showed six U.S. ships vs. 19 Soviet ships, despite the existence of 21 U.S. "frigates" equal or superior in size to the Soviet "cruisers". This led to the perception of a non-existent "cruiser gap".

Closing the gap
To close this "gap," the U.S. frigate (DL/DLG) classification was eliminated on 30 June 1975. All the gun frigates (DL) had already been stricken or converted to DDGs. Most of the DLGs became cruisers (CG), but the smaller Farraguts became destroyers (DDG). All of the nuclear-powered DLGNs, existing or in construction, were redesignated as CGNs. The change from DLG to CG redefined "cruiser" as smaller ships, more like large destroyers. Cruiser classifications were also simplified, with the guided missile light cruisers (CLG) simply becoming CGs. Gun cruisers retained the "CA" designation although the last remaining gun cruiser, Newport News, was decommissioned three days earlier on 27 June 1975.

The ocean escorts (DE/DEG) and patrol frigates (PF) became frigates (FF) or guided missile frigates (FFG).

These changes brought U.S. Navy classifications into line with foreign classifications, and eliminated the perceived "cruiser gap."

A final change came on 1 January 1980, when the Ticonderoga-class cruiser guided missile destroyers (DDG) became guided missile cruisers (CG).


text: User talk:168.254.226.94

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:168.254.226.94


text: Category:Rugby union coaches

title: Category:Rugby union coaches


text: Category:Elections in Vietnam

title: Category:Elections in Vietnam


text:
Vona

Vona is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 * Franco Vona (born 1964), Italian cyclist
 * Gábor Vona (born 1978), Hungarian politician
 * Vona Groarke, Irish poet

title: Vona


text:
User talk:Hayadel

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Guardian Council
Please explain why do you think it suffers from a great deal of vandalism due to anti-I.R.Iran propagandists. This article tries to reflect the existing situation. I think other constitutions may have some problems also Farhoudk 10:45, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hayadel


text:
User talk:Switisweti

You can contact me by posting here.

Joan of Arc edit war
Greetings Switisweti. I have left a note for you and Allen Williamson on the Joan of Arc talk page. Regards, Fire Star 18:00, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Speedily deletion
Please be aware that one single word does not make an article, and your last three edits have been speedily deleted. Please add more context to your articles. — Graham 23:39, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Most common name
It is Wikipedia policy that things be under their most common name. Please move Herodotos back to Herodotus where it was and where by Wikipedia policy it is supposed to be. In the article itself, he should also be called "Herodotus" as that is the way he is generally refered to in English (this is the English Wikipedia). But, by all means, include in the article all the data about the word "Herodotos" and how it relates to this guy. Thanks. — 4.250.168.94 18:52, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Joan of Arc's date of birth
As you may have or not noticed, I posted my reason why we don't use the specific date of January 6th. There is no exact proof to her birthday, but we have different sources that say either the 6th (based on Feast of Epiphany) and the 16th (based on des Isle family tree, see Jacques D'Arc, where I have a comment on the original family tree entry). With two different sources, it would be POV to have it only listed as the 6th. I hope you can agree. — Mr. Ballard 05:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

BCE-CE debate
Please check out Neutral point of view/BCE-CE Debate. — Slrubenstein 00:04, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Joan of Arc self-publicist at work
Can I seek your assistance in protecting the Joan of Arc page from a self-publicist who keeps adding a link that as yet has no content of any value, since it promotes works that are not yet published. Looking at the talk page of the IP that is being used, it seems that it is frequently used for vandalism. The link is to the http://www.joan-of-arc.info/. Thanks. — Noisy 10:07, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the response. I have reported the IP on Vandalism in progress. — Noisy 10:28, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * That other site is a dead link. I've removed it. — Noisy 12:12, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

CMS and HAJARS
If this is you, then can I suggest it's a very bad idea and will only inflame things? If not, then I apologise for casting aspersions. I've removed his self-promotional material from another couple of places, although in one instance there was actually a useful article. — Noisy 14:49, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

CMS
I agree with you that it is very likely Center-for-Medieval-Studies is a SP of Allen Williamson. See also CMS's edits related to cross dressing and Joan of Arc (a subject Allen Williamson was previously very vocal about). The evidence seems too coincidental. Thanks for the tip. — Stbalbach 16:28, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Oh, thanks, yeah that does make sense... I was hoping it was one of the academic CMSes, though I knew it wasn't mine, since that's "Centre" :) — Adam Bishop 04:26, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Daodejing or Dao De Jing?
Since 道德经 is a single word it should be transliterated "Daodejing" or even better "Dàodéjīng". Regards, — Junyi 22:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are right, it consists of three words but they are a compound: in translation it would give something like "Classic of Dào and Dé", while dào is rather hard to translate and so is dé ("virtue" is just the most common rendering). Regards — Junyi 22:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Pants against rape and 3RR
I fixed up the item about Joan in Cross-dressing and added a link. Hopefully that will keep it quiet for a while (feel free to change it though if you don't agree — I'm not a Joan of Arc scholar by any means). — Shoaler 12:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Smiles
I should have read your main profile sooner. Your mastery of English is impressive! Someone in my background must have been Dutch. I have a Dutch name. Best wishes. — Durova 08:31, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

My first new entry
Okay I have to boast: testosterone poisoning. :) — Durova 04:10, 12 November 2005 (UTC) (Retrieved from HAJARS' Talk)
 * Impressive! I enjoyed the article very much. It just had its first revision too! And in addition to what you already wrote about the psychology of that stupid manly behaviour: I heard that men behave dangerously, not to impress women ('cause they don't like that behaviour), but to determine social order amongst themselves. Taking high riscs thus improves manly social status. And as women do like high social status in a man, they get the girl after all. — Switisweti 11:46, 12 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I've been surfing around other Wikipedia articles to see where I can link to it. — Durova 14:45, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

On the bright side
I went ahead and asked for a peer review of Joan of Arc. Have a look at Pierre Cauchon. It was a two line stub before I translated (most of) the long French article. I created Burgundian (party) from scratch. It needs disambiguation from Burgundian. — Durova 02:05, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Our favorite subject
Can you understand Mr. Ballard's comments at Joan of Arc talk? I can't tell whether he supports or opposes the idea of creating a Veneration section. He also makes a grammatical argument I've never heard before - and I studied writing in graduate school. — Durova 01:05, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I do, but I'm not sure... — Switisweti 11:45, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Hetlandvan Theo Mohammed.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Hetlandvan Theo Mohammed.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Superm401 - Talk 07:36, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Hetlandvan FEBO.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Hetlandvan FEBO.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that your image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If your image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why your image was deleted. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you.  Soothing R  20:21, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

VWN en WCN
Beste Switisweti,

Al enige tijd is er een Nederlandstalig chapter in oprichting, te vinden op http://nl.wikimedia.org. Dit wordt de Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland (VWN). Je kunt je interesse om lid te worden van deze vereniging hier aangeven.

Deze vereniging gaat eind augustus/begin september een Wikimedia Conferentie in Nederland (WCN) houden, volgend op Wikimania in Boston, gedeeltelijk erop inspelend middels een aantal discussiegroepen. Om iets dergelijks te organiseren is imput erg gewenst. Dus als je wilt meehelpen, of als je interesse hebt om bij een dergelijk evenement aanwezig te zijn, geef dat dan aan op nl.wikimedia. Ik hoop daar snel je imput tegemoet te zien! Met vriendelijke groet, effeietsanders 21:23, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Joan of Arc is a featured article!
Thanks so much for your help and support. Durova 04:44, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Laozi move request
There's a repeat of last year's move request Laozi -> Lao Tzu you might be interested in here: Talk:Laozi. AjaxSmack 02:10, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Missing you
Today the community is finally deciding whether to ban Williamson and his sockfarm. The discussion is unanimous so far. I gave you a nod on the thread at WP:ANI. I'm an administrator now and my investigation earned a barnstar and a Sherlock Holmes award, but my conscience wouldn't be clear unless I mentioned the help you provided in my earliest weeks. I was one of the key people who drafted the new Disruptive editing guideline which should help prevent people like User:AWilliamson and Dzonatas/Mr. Ballard from controlling articles for so long again. I hope you lurk this page once in a while and I hope you yield to a temptation to return. You're one of the good guys. Warmly, Durova Charg e!  03:27, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Come back!
Come back, we miss you. Your vigilence and detective work is brilliant. JamesBurns (talk) 10:38, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

File:Hetlandvan George JanPeter.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Hetlandvan George JanPeter.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. RabidDeity (talk) 22:43, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

**Joan of Arc** Just needing some help.
Just need to know how accurate everything is now that the JOA editing war has stopped. I am doing a presentation for my history class on JOA and I want it to be as accurate as possible in case my professor asks me any trick questions. OH and almost forgot Mr.Williamson may possibly Joan2011 Just giving you a heads up. Xanthia-G (talk) 05:48, 3 November 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Switisweti


text:
User talk:Redbread

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Redbread


text:
User:FactumDictum

Quod Erat Demonstrandum.

title: User:FactumDictum


text: Category:Sahel

title: Category:Sahel


text:
Voorhees

Voorhees may refer to:

Places

 * Voorhees Township, Kansas, located in Stevens County, Kansas
 * Voorhees Township, New Jersey
 * Voorhees (CDP), New Jersey, located in Somerset County
 * Voorhees Mall, a section of Rutgers University's College Avenue Campus in New Brunswick
 * Voorhees State Park, New Jersey

Buildings and institutions

 * Voorhees Chapel, the college chapel at Jamestown College in Jamestown, North Dakota
 * Voorhees Chapel (Rutgers), a college chapel on Rutgers University's Douglass Residential College campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey
 * Voorhees Hall, a building on Rutgers University's College Avenue Campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey
 * Voorhees Town Center, a regional shopping mall and planned residential area in Voorhees Township, New Jersey
 * Voorhees High School, Lebanon Township, New Jersey
 * Voorhees College, Denmark, South Carolina

People

 * Voorhees (surname), includes a list of people with the name

Other uses

 * Voorhees (band), a hardcore punk band from Durham, England
 * "Voorhees", a song from the album Frames by Oceansize
 * Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker, New York architectural firm

title: Voorhees


text:
Vredenburgh

Vredenburgh may refer to:

People

 * Dorothy Vredenburgh Bush (1916-1991), American political activist
 * John Vredenburgh Van Pelt (1874–1962), American architect, historian and writer
 * Peter Vredenburgh Jr. (1837–1864), lawyer and Union Army officer in the American Civil War
 * Peter Vredenburgh (judge) (1805–1873), associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court
 * Peter Vredenburgh (politician) (1836–1915), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * William H. Vredenburgh (1840–1920), Judge of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals

Places

 * Vredenburgh, Alabama, town in the United States
 * Fort Vredenburgh, fort on the Dutch Gold Coast, Ghana

title: Vredenburgh


text:
Bubblicious

Bubblicious is a brand of bubble gum originally produced by the American Chicle Division of Warner-Lambert. The brand is now part of Cadbury Adams, a division of Mondelez International. It was launched in 1977, in response to the tremendous sales of Bubble Yum, the first soft bubble gum. The brand struggled upon introduction, but sales took off with the advent, in 1978, of the "Ultimate Bubble" advertising campaign. Bubblicious was later expanded internationally.

Flavors
There have been 28 flavors of Bubblicious, 10 of which have been discontinued. Flavors have included Cotton Candy, Paradise Punch, Sour Cherry, and Choco Choco Chip. Bubblicious is available in original format and Bubblicious Bursts with a liquid-filled center.

The original "Lightning Lemonade" flavor was discontinued in the year 2000. However, in 2005 the flavor was re-introduced as LeBron's Lightning Lemonade, based on a partnership between Bubblicious and basketball player LeBron James. The caricature featured on the packaging was illustrated by cartoonist Grey Blackwell. When the flavor was re-introduced, it was changed to include a raspberry flavor element.

"Bubblicious Ink'd!" was a somewhat sour flavor the coloring of which caused the chewer's tongue to turn blue. The flavor was supported by Cartoon Network's Klik Street Skaters' Group, who performed a commercial similar to the company's original Ink'd! commercial.

Bubblicious Sherbet ice cream is made by Breyers with bubble gum pieces and a bubble gum swirl.

Trivia
Bubblicious was involved in the Guinness World Records for the most bubble gum bubbles blown at one time. Hundreds of Little League players and fans joined Major League Baseball Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith to set the world record with over 100 fans and 300 pieces of Bubblicious gum.

In June 2013, former New England Patriots Tight End Aaron Hernandez was linked to a murder by his purchase of Blue Cotton Candy Bubblicious.

title: Bubblicious


text:
Marc Lalonde

Marc Lalonde (July 26, 1929 – May 6, 2023) was a Canadian politician who served as a cabinet minister, political staffer and lawyer. A lifelong member of the Liberal Party, he is best known for having served in various positions of government from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, including serving as the Minister of Finance.

Early life
Lalonde was born in L'Île-Perrot, Quebec, and obtained a Master of Laws degree from the Université de Montréal, a master's degree from Oxford University, and a Diplôme d'études supérieures en droit (D.E.S.D) from the University of Ottawa.

In 1959, he worked in Ottawa as a special adviser to Progressive Conservative Justice Minister Davie Fulton. He went to Montreal to practise law until 1967 when he returned to Ottawa to work as an adviser in the Prime Minister's Office under Liberal Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. Lalonde remained when Pierre Trudeau became Prime Minister of Canada in 1968, serving as Principal Secretary. In this role during the 1970 October crisis he negotiated with Quebec premier Robert Bourassa and Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau to request the enactment of the War Measures Act in order to show that the enactment had the support of the Quebec and Montreal governments.

Political career
At Trudeau's urging, he ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 election. Elected as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Outremont, Lalonde immediately joined the Cabinet as Minister of National Health and Welfare, a position he held until 1977. He was concurrently Minister of Amateur Sport until 1976 and was also Minister responsible for the Status of Women from 1974 to 1979.

A staunch federalist, he was also one of Trudeau's chief advisers on the situation in Quebec, taking the position of Minister of State on federal-provincial relations in the wake of the Parti Québécois victory in the 1976 Quebec provincial election. Lalonde led a clandestine body within the Canadian Federal Government, codenamed FAN TAN, that collected intelligence on the Quebec separatist movement and organized political action against the separatists.

Lalonde served as Minister of Justice from 1978 until the Liberal government's defeat in the 1979 election. When the Liberals returned to power in the 1980 election, Lalonde became Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources and instituted the National Energy Program which became intensely unpopular in Alberta. The Bank of Canada reported that economic problems had been accelerated and magnified. Inflation was most commonly between 9% and 10% annually,

Lalonde was appointed minister of finance in 1982. As finance minister, he tabled the 1983 and 1984 federal budgets; both budgets saw a substantial increase in the government budget deficit, as the deficit increased from $29.049 billion in 1982 to $37.167 billion in 1984.

When Trudeau resigned, Lalonde endorsed John Turner in the 1984 Liberal leadership convention and continued as finance minister after Turner succeeded Trudeau as prime minister in 1984, but did not run in the 1984 election which saw the Liberals suffer a landslide loss to the Progressive Conservatives.

After politics
In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2004, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.

In the 1990s, he served as an ad hoc judge at the International Court of Justice, and has also represented Canada in various trade disputes. He was a practising lawyer with the firm of Stikeman Elliott LLP in Montreal until his retirement in 2006.

Lalonde returned to the political arena in 2005 when Prime Minister Paul Martin named him co-president of the Liberal Party's electoral campaign in Quebec for the 39th Canadian federal election. Brigitte Legault, the president of the Young Liberals of Canada (Quebec), served as the other co-president.

Lalonde appeared before the House of Commons of Canada's Ethics Committee in November 2008 along with client Karlheinz Schreiber, who was being questioned in regard to the Airbus affair involving former PM Brian Mulroney.

Lalonde died on May 6, 2023, at age 93.

Archives
There is a Marc Lalonde fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

title: Marc Lalonde


text:
VEF I-16

The VEF I-16 was a prototype Latvian fighter aircraft designed by Kārlis Irbītis and produced by VEF in 1939. Development was halted by the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 and subsequent purges of VEF personnel.

Description
The I-16 was of conventional monoplane layout with a Walter Sagitta supercharged air-cooled V12 engine of Czechoslovak origin, a two-bladed propeller and a low set wing with rounded wingtips. The prototype had fixed undercarriage with aerodynamic fairings, but production models were to have retractable landing gear. The cockpit seat and controls were designed as one unit - they could be assembled totally separately from the rest of the aircraft and then installed as a unit with only six bolts.

While the prototype was unarmed, there were provisions for two machine guns in the fuselage, along with the ability to carry one additional gun under each wing.

Operational history
In the spring of 1940 Latvian Air Force pilots made the first test flights of the VEF I-16 prototype. After the occupation of Latvia in June 1940, the Soviet authorities ordered that all VEF aircraft be removed from Spilve Airport and, a few weeks later, all parts fabrication and assembly work was ordered suspended pending further instructions from Moscow. In March 1941, the I-16's designer Kārlis Irbītis received orders to prepare one example each of the VEF I-12, VEF I-15a and I-15b, I-16, VEF I-17 (two variants) and VEF I-18 to be shipped to Moscow for evaluation. The I-16 still had engine problems and needed further testing, so was left behind and stayed in Riga. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the I-16 managed to make several test flights from an aerodrome in Kalnciems but soon the single example was captured by German forces and tested by the Luftwaffe. The VEF I-16 was used as training aircraft at an aviation school in Torun until 1942.

title: VEF I-16


text:
Talk:United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification

Permission to reprint
from sci.military.naval FAQ (http://www.hazegray.org/faq/smn6.htm ), Part F Surface Combatants, Section F.8 - reprinted with permission

Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 21:26:08 -0400 To: "Peter Sam"

From: "Andrew Toppan"

Subject: Re: sci.military.naval FAQ - request permisssion to use parts on another website

Yes, you may use them.

>Hello Andrew Toppan,

> I am very impressed with your FAQ. With your permission, I would like to use the following 2 sections as part of Wikipedia articles:

>Section F.4: Meaning of warship types, i.e. "frigate","cruiser" and "destroyer" http://www.hazegray.org/faq/smn6.htm#F4

>and Section F.8 The 1975 reclassification of US cruisers, frigates and ocean escorts http://www.hazegray.org/faq/smn6.htm#F8

>Of course, you and your website would be given credit. Please let me know if my request is possible.

>Thank you, Petersam 23:05, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Needs Headings/Subheadings/etc. for readability and wiki standards
That is all. :) - Ageekgal 14:36, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Took a stab. Somebody else can either fix them, or remove the cleanup tag if they look good. --Steelviper 21:38, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Cruiser gap?...
I have doubts about basis of the "cruiser gap". In fact, in 1974 the Soviets had only 4 cruisers of Grozny class (Kynda class cruiser) and 2 helicopter ASW cruisers Moskva class. There were 4 more ships of project 1134 class (Kresta I class cruiser) - but according to Russian books, they were classified as "big ASW ships" - bolshye protivolodochnye korabli - BPK at that time and only in 1977 there were reclassified as cruisers! There existed also 6 ships of Project 1134A class and 2 of project 1134B (Kresta I class cruiser and Kara class cruiser), with 4 and 5 more in construction, but they were always classified as BPK (although they are known as cruisers abroad). Construction of the first Kirov class "heavy missile cruiser" only started in 1974, and of Slava cruiser in 1976 (although both were enlisted in 1973). Two Minsk class "heavy aircraft cruisers" were laid in 1973, but they are commonly classified as aircraft carriers abroad. So it makes only 6 ships named "cruisers" in 1974, and 12 BPK, that could be easily treated as Soviet counterparts of DLG class as well... Pibwl ←« 19:51, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

..I also find the idea that the U.S., during the height of the Cold War, acquiesced to Soviet nomenclature implausible - extremely implausible. This claim needs better validation/documentation than what is given by the Haze Gray faq page, if it is in fact true. I would speculate that either NATO or some other → allied ← political motivation was behind any change in designation. (Although with politics controlling purse strings, plain stupidity can't be ruled out.) 173.189.74.9 (talk) 18:10, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

The cruiser gap was promoted by American opposition politicians who wanted to criticize the US government and increase defense spending so they exaggerated the situation. Also remember that the US intelligence on the actual ( as opposed to feared ) size and names of the Soviet warships would have been poor at best at the time. These politicians said 'they have x cruiser sized vessels and we only have y ships called cruisers, which proves we are are outnumbered.' Renaming the ships was a cheap method to undermine the argument. 178.15.145.204 (talk) 15:35, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I've clarified it a bit, using JFS 1975-76. It says, that the Soviet ships were classified as cruisers or "large anti-submarine ships", but were designated as cruisers by Western navies. So they invented the "gap", basing upon false principles ;) Then it would more or less fit: 4 Kynda, 4 Kresta I, 6 (or 7) Kresta II, 2 (or 3) Kara and apparently 2 Moskva. Pibwl ←« 11:16, 21 January 2021 (UTC)


text:
Turki bin Said

Sultan Turki bin Said bin Sultan Al Busaidi (تركي بن سعيد بن سلطان البوسعيدي; 1832 – 4 June 1888), was Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 30 January 1871 to 4 June 1888. He acceded following his victory over his cousin, Iman Azzan bin Qais at the Battle of Dhank. On Turki's death, he was succeeded by his second son, Faisal bin Turki.

Early life
Turki was born in 1832 to Sultan Said bin Sultan and an Ethiopian concubine. His father appointed him the Wali of Sohar in 1854.

In 1861, he revolted against his brother, Thuwaini bin Said, who had succeeded his father as Sultan of Oman. The division of Muscat and Zanzibar meant that Sohar would be under the authority of Thuwaini which Turki refused to accept. He was imprisoned and Salim bin Thuwaini was appointed as the new Wali of Sohar. The British authorities intervened and Thuwaini was released from prison in 1862. After Salim killed his father and took the throne in 1866, Turki was again imprisoned and subsequently released due to British intervention. He was given an annuity of 7,200 thalers and moved to Bombay in British India.

Issue
Turki bin Said had five children.
 * Sayyid Muhammad bin Turki (1860–?); had issue
 * Sayyid Faisal bin Turki (1864–1913); married Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini bin Said and had issue
 * Sayyid Fahad bin Turki (?-1894); married Sayyida Sharifa bint Barghash bin Said and had issue
 * Sayyida Turkia bint Turki; married firstly to Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar and secondly to Sayyid Harub bin Thuwaini, the brother of her first husband
 * Sayyida (name unknown) bint Turki; married Emir Talal bin Abdullah Al Rashid of Jabal Shammar

Titles and styles

 * 1832 - 29 January 1871: His Highness Sayyid Turki bin Said bin Sultan Al Busaidi
 * 30 January 1871 - 4 Junes 1888: His Highness Sultan Turki bin Said bin Sultan Al Busaidi

Foreign honours

 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
 * ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (1 January 1886)

title: Turki bin Said


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Hadschi Halef Omar

Hadschi Halef Omar Ben Hadschi Abul Abbas Ibn Hadschi Dawud al Gossarah, literally hajji Halef Omar, son of hajji father-of-Abbas, son of hajji David al Gossarah, is one of Karl May's literary characters. Hajji means "one who has performed the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca".

Halef is the exceedingly loyal servant, companion and friend, in honored sidekick tradition, of the author's alter ego, German Adventurer Kara Ben Nemsi. Halef accompanies Kara Ben Nemsi through all his adventures in the Middle East from Durch die Wüste to Der Schut. Halef has a special talent for proverbial flowery oriental language and long strings of rather comical curses. But while comical, he is always dignified, never just ridiculous caricature. He is a very devout Muslim, and throughout the adventures with Kara Ben Nemsi he tries to convince him of the superiority of Islam.

After many adventures he became Scheik of the Haddedihn of the great tribe of the Schammar. He is married to Hanneh, the "most beautiful wife on earth", and with her has a son called Kara Ben Halef, who in later novels also has some adventures.

The German disco group Dschinghis Khan also released a song entitled "Hadschi Halef Omar" on their 1980 album "Rom." The entire chorus is basically reciting Halef's name.

Original German stories
Within the book series Karl May’s Gesammelte Werke there is a sequel of Am Jenseits: „In Mekka“ (1923) by Franz Kandolf.
 * Durch Wüste und Harem (1892), since 1895 with the title Durch die Wüste
 * Durchs wilde Kurdistan (1892)
 * Von Bagdad nach Stambul (1892)
 * In den Schluchten des Balkan (1892)
 * Durch das Land der Skipetaren (1892)
 * Der Schut (1892)
 * Eine Ghasuah (in Orangen und Datteln, 1893)
 * Nûr es Semâ. – Himmelslicht (in Orangen und Datteln, 1893)
 * Christi Blut und Gerechtigkeit (in Orangen und Datteln, 1893)
 * Mater dolorosa (in Orangen und Datteln, 1893)
 * Im Lande des Mahdi III (1896)
 * Blutrache (in Auf fremden Pfaden, 1897)
 * Der Kys-Kaptschiji (in Auf fremden Pfaden, 1897)
 * Maria oder Fatima (in Auf fremden Pfaden, 1897)
 * Im Reiche des silbernen Löwen I (1898)
 * Die »Umm ed Dschamahl« (1898)
 * Im Reiche des silbernen Löwen II (1898)
 * Am Jenseits (1899)
 * Im Reiche des silbernen Löwen III (1902)
 * Im Reiche des silbernen Löwen IV (1903)
 * Bei den Aussätzigen (1907)
 * Abdahn Effendi (1908)
 * Merhameh (1909)
 * Ardistan und Dschinnistan I (1909)
 * Ardistan und Dschinnistan II (1909)

Film actors

 * The first oriental Karl May movies (1920/21) were in the age of silent movies. Halef was played in those by Meinhart Maur.
 * In the first Karl May sound-movie Durch die Wüste (1936) he was played by Heinz Evelt.
 * In the Karl May movies of the 1950s actor Georg Thomalla played Halef.
 * In the TV-series Mit Karl May im Orient (1963) Osman Ragheb played Halef.
 * In the Karl May movies of the 1960s Halef was played by Ralf Wolter.
 * In the TV-series Kara Ben Nemsi Effendi (1973/75) he was played by Heinz Schubert.

title: Hadschi Halef Omar


text: User talk:68.215.119.102

title: User talk:68.215.119.102


text:
User:Sum1~enwiki

sum1 is a weblog about culture, media and politics, of course treating this topics as interrelated. Visit sum1 at sum1.tk. The blog is written in german though. 1 + 1 = 1

title: User:Sum1~enwiki


text:
Wabana

Wabana may refer to:

 * Wabana, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
 * Wabana Township, Minnesota, United States

title: Wabana


text:
User talk:Sum1~enwiki

Hi!

May I suggest that you tone down the function of your user page as a marketing platform for your weblog? While you certainly can mention your weblog on your user page, the user page should not exclusively work in that way. — David Remahl 23:13, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sum1. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sum1~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:55, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:20, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sum1~enwiki


text:
Wabasso

Wabasso may refer to:
 * Wabasso (spider), an animal genus in the subfamily Erigoninae

 * places in the United States:
 * Wabasso, Florida
 * Wabasso, Minnesota

title: Wabasso


text:
Wachapreague

Wachapreague may refer to:

 * People
 * The Wachapreague people, an Algonquian people that lived in coastal Virginia centuries ago.

 * Places
 * Wachapreague, Virginia, a town in Accomack County, Virginia
 * Wachapreague Channel, an inlet on the eastern shore of Virginia

 * Ships
 * USS Wachapreague (AVP-56), a United States Navy seaplane tender laid down in 1943 but converted during construction into the motor torpedo tender USS Wachapreague (AGP-8)
 * USS Wachapreague (AGP-8), a United States Navy motor torpedo boat tender in commission from 1944 to 1946

title: Wachapreague


text:
Rockstar (drink)

Rockstar (stylized as ROCKST★R or ЯR) is an energy drink created in 2001, which,, had a 10% market share of the global energy drink market, the third-highest after Red Bull and Monster Energy. Rockstar is based in Purchase, New York. , Rockstar Energy Drink was available in more than 20 flavors and in more than 30 countries. Since March 2020 Rockstar is a part of PepsiCo.

History
Founded in 2001 by Russ Weiner, the son of right-wing radio show host Michael Savage. Rockstar launched into what was the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. beverage market at the time, energy drinks. In addition to featuring different ingredients, which it claimed were "scientifically formulated to speed the recovery time of those who lead active and exhausting lifestyles—from athletes to rock stars," Rockstar sought to differentiate itself from the market leader, Red Bull, by using a 16 usoz can size as opposed to Red Bull's 8 usoz can, and drawing attention to this fact with the slogan "twice the size of Red Bull for the same price".

By 2007, Rockstar was one of the top three energy drink brands in North America, with a 155% growth in sales in 2004, reaching $48 million" Atlanta Journal-Constitution and had sold over a billion cans. It had 14% of the US energy drink market in 2008, and as of 2009 was available in over 20 countries. Among those countries are Sold: in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Spain, Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, Mexico, Malta, New Zealand, Argentina, the Netherlands, Finland, South Africa, Morocco and Colombia. Rockstar switched distributors from the Coca-Cola Company to PepsiCo in the summer of 2009.

Production and distribution for the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland was franchised to Irn Bru owners A.G. Barr, This contract was terminated in 2020, following the acquisition by PepsiCo.

In 2020, PepsiCo acquired Rockstar Energy for $3.85 billion.

In 2021, the company altered the flavor of the "Original" version and can styling underwent a re-design as part of a new marketing campaign.

Contents
Original Rockstar Energy Drink includes sugar, caffeine, and a variety of herbs, like panax ginseng, ginkgo biloba, milk thistle extract, and guarana-seed extract. The amount of guarana used to be higher, but "after being criticized for including guarana once health concerns about the herb were publicized, the amount in the drink was significantly reduced". It also includes 1000 mg of taurine.

Rockstar products in the US have two levels of caffeine content: either 10 mg of caffeine per ounce, or 15 mg of caffeine per ounce. Rockstar Energy Drink Original contains 160 mg of caffeine per 16 ounce can, while the Rockstar Punched and Pure Zero energy drinks contain 240 mg of caffeine per 16 ounce can.

Several alcoholic versions of Rockstar are available in Canada; an alcoholic version in the US was discontinued in 2007, possibly in response to criticism that young people were confusing the alcoholic version with the regular one.

Health Issues
Rockstar Original was named Worst Energy Drink by Men's Health magazine for having 280 calories due to 67.5 grams of sugar. Monster Energy Lo-Carb, with 20 calories, was suggested as a replacement. Rockstar has responded to this kind of criticism by introducing a line of low calorie energy drinks that include electrolytes called "Rockstar Recovery".

In general energy drinks can cause jitteriness and anxiety. If mixed with alcohol, they may also mask the level of alcohol intoxication. Used in moderation no detrimental side effects have been known.

Corporate Governance
Members of the LGBT community have spoken out against Rockstar because the company's founder and chief executive officer is the son of right-wing radio personality Michael Savage and because its former chief financial officer, Janet Weiner, is Savage's wife and CFO of his production company. The boycott was motivated by allegations that Savage had made homophobic, racist, antisemitic, and discriminatory comments. In May 2009, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom returned a $25,000 donation which Rockstar had made to his 2010 re-election campaign.

During an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, Newsom aide Eric Jaye stated the money was returned because "there was some statements made during (Weiner's) 1998 campaign in the GOP primary which conflicted with the mayor's position and we're returning the check," he said.

In a later interview Weiner told SF Gate: "I still wish Gavin well. I always will." But he said that with the donation rejected, "I'm taking this money and I'm donating it to charity. We're telling them to name a charity of their choosing, and if they don't want it, we'll donate it to Project Open Hand."

Janet Weiner stepped down from her role as CFO of Savage Productions "as an apparent statement of solidarity with equality advocates" which had not been requested as part of the agreement.

Website Dispute
Rockstar, saying that the "truthaboutrockstarenergydrink.com" domain name was registered and used in bad faith, obtained control of that site under a decision from the National Arbitration Forum.

Sponsorship
Like its competitors Red Bull and Monster Energy, Rockstar sponsors a range of action sports and music events, including the Mayhem Festival, a metal and rock festival touring the United States in July and August, the Uproar Festival, a rock festival touring the United States in September and October, and the Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series. Both the Mayhem and Uproar events were discontinued in 2015.

Rockstar also sponsors a large number of action sports competitors, such as the Husqvarna factory motorcycle riders Gautier Paulin, Graham Jarvis and Pablo Quintanilla, motorcycle road racer Jorge Lorenzo (2011-2012), flat track rider Bryan Smith, rallycross drivers Tanner Foust and Scott Speed, off-road truck driver Rob MacCachren, and drifters Fredric Aasbø and Ryan Tuerck.

title: Rockstar (drink)


text:
Talk:Umpire (baseball)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 February 2019 and 4 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gabepanza, Cbusch191, Blakebiery15.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Other Sports with Umpires?
Umpires are not limited to Baseball. Even Cricket has Umpires. There should be a unambiguos colomn for the word and detail about Umpires for other games..

Umpire positions
The article Umpire positions (baseball) has duplication of much of the info here, with some extra. Perhaps they should be merged? — siro χ  o

 * Agreed. I've merged them.  —Cleared as filed. 5 July 2005 20:51 (UTC)

Pay
how much are they paid? --69.94.194.91 02:17, 28 August 2005 (UTC) Info for Major League umps has now been added to article. --Locarno 14:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Signals
There should be a description of the various signals used by umpires (safe, out, strike, etc.). Tzadik 12:32, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Personally, I do not know all of the signals, but could we have an expert fill this in for us? Signals are as follows index finger up with no following motion is 1 out. Two fingers on the wrist as if to signal a watch is a timimg play or two outs. 1 finger on the brim of the cap pointing up means beware of infield fly. Fist pointing to the first base is a rotation alert. Any time a man is on first is a possible rotation

Gopal81 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 01:49, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Amatuer Umpires
The sentences about umpires' sportsmanship-control duties in the "Amateur Umpires" section are out of place. Picklegnome 01:11, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Base umpire vs. field umpire
This article's former statement that "Other umpires are called base umpires.... (Field umpire is an incorrect term for any position.)" is the exact opposite of the truth. Field umpire is the correct term. See Official Baseball Rules [9.03 (b)]: "If there are two or more umpires, one shall be designated umpire-in-chief and the others field umpires." I have edited the article accordingly. Dodiad 08:09, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Once again, Wikipedia should contain any verifiable information, not a regurgitation of the OBR. OBR is in error in dozens of places.  Perhaps it should refer to "base umpire" as the more common term, rather than the correct term.  Locarno

"sometimes addressed as blue"?
I've never heard that. I played baseball growing up, and have always been a big fan. Also, a quick Google search does not turn up many such usages. Unless someone knows otherwise, I think we should remove that statement. Guanxi 22:11, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * If anything, they're always addressed as "blue!" As a little anecdote, I was at a softball game two days ago, and a foul ball came my way, so when it came time to throw it back in, I yelled "blue" to the field umpire who then looked my way so I could throw it in. Everyone else I saw who retreived a foul ball out of play did that too, to return it. It's a long-standing nickname for umpires, so I'm surprised you've never heard it before! Perhaps a better search on Google will find what you're looking for. Jared   (t)    12:33, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

We always addressed the umpires as blue as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.175.188.62 (talk) 06:12, 3 August 2013 (UTC)

 * I back that up. "blue" is more common than "ump". I hear it all the time, any game, any age. --Borgardetalk 14:39, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I back it up as well. I'm an umpire, and I'm always called blue. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.87.107.122 (talk) 00:07, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

I grew up listening to the Reds on radio, never heard of the "blue" thing. Goodpaster (talk) 02:25, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

Instant Replay -

Can someone please format this appropriately and include it in the instant replay area?

Statement By Gary Cederstrom Delivered to media before the June 26, 2009 7:05 p.m. San Diego at Texas game: Last night in Tampa Bay, in a game between the Rays and the Phillies, I ordered the use of instant replay to review a play that may have involved fan interference. Because the play did not involve a home run or possible home run, we should not have used instant replay in this situation, and I’m sorry about the confusion that was raised. As you know, instant replay is to be used only in boundary or fair/foul calls involving home runs or potential home runs. I regret the error that we made. Gary Cederstorm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.142.40.38 (talk) 23:55, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Why do home plate umpires sometimes put their hand on the catchers back?
Why do home plate umpires sometimes put their hand on the catchers back? Marcfirenze (talk) 23:04, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Because they're standing directly behind the catcher, concentrating on the pitch, and don't want to actually interfere with or be hit by the catcher? I don't think that there's any real reason for this, other then it's more comfortable, basically. What brings the question up, anyway? Some specific incident? — V = I * R  (talk) 23:11, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

No reason other than curiosity. Having been a catcher back in the day, I had it done to me but never understood it, someone asked me and I did not know the answer. The consensus I am hearing from other discussions is that it is also because they want to get as good a look at the pitch as possible and use the hand support for positioning and balance. Intuitively, I would think that not touching the catcher would be the most effective way to not interfere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Marcfirenze (talk • contribs) 00:07, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Arguing
Nothing about arguing with the ump? There’s an article on bench-clearing brawl; Wikipedia should have something about this as well. —Wiki Wikardo 03:35, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Archival photo
There's a good shot of umpire equipment in the Toronto Archives photos: - Dnllnd (talk) 17:33, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Umpiring crews
Suggestion/proposal to relocate the table of 2018 MLB umpiring crews from the Umpire (baseball) page (exact location Umpire (baseball)) to the 2018 Major League Baseball season page. Since umpiring crews are unique to each season, providing that info in the MLB season page will make it readily available for future reference. Thoughts? Dmoore5556 (talk) 03:27, 2 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Umpire (baseball)


text:
Talk:Umpire positions (baseball)

This article contains much duplicate info with the article Umpire (baseball). Perhaps they should be merged? — siro χ  o

title: Talk:Umpire positions (baseball)


text:
Golden Brooks

Golden Brooks (born December 1, 1970) is an American actress. She began her career with starring role in the Showtime comedy series, Linc's (1998–2000), and later appeared in the films Timecode (2000) and Impostor (2001).

From 2000 to 2008, Brooks starred as Maya Wilkes in the UPN/The CW comedy series Girlfriends, for which she received two NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series nominations. She also has appeared in films Motives (2004), Beauty Shop (2005), Something New (2006) and The Darkest Minds (2018). In 2019, she received critical acclaim for her performance in the TNT limited drama series I Am the Night.

Early life
Brooks was born December 1, 1970, in San Francisco, California. A classically trained dancer, she studied and taught ballet, jazz, and modern dance. She studied literature and sociology and is a graduate of UC Berkeley where she majored in Media Representation of Minorities with a minor in theater. She earned a Master's degree from Sarah Lawrence College.

Career
In her early career, Brooks was active in the Rodney Theater Company. On television, she has appeared on The Adventures of Pete & Pete, Promised Land, and The Jamie Foxx Show as a girl named Nancy, whom Jamie confuses with Fancy. Brooks also appeared in a number of films, like Hell's Kitchen, Timecode, and Impostor. From 1998 to 2000, she starred alongside Pam Grier in the Showtime comedy series, Linc's.

Brooks is best known for her portrayal of the character Maya Wilkes, Joan's former sharp-tongued secretary and now acclaimed author, on the CW sitcom Girlfriends, in which she starred alongside Tracee Ellis Ross, Persia White and Jill Marie Jones from 2000 to 2008. In 2001, she appeared in an episode of Moesha, portraying Maya Wilkes. Brooks also directed the 2006 episode titled "Hustle & Dough," and wrote the 2007 episode titled "Snap Back," which featured guest star Erykah Badu. The character of Maya is portrayed to be several years younger than the other characters Joan, Toni, and Lynn, but, in reality, Brooks is actually the eldest of the four actors. For her performance in Girlfriends, Brooks received a BET Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2004, as well as two nominations for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series in 2003 and 2008.

Brooks has won Black Reel Awards for her portrayal in the 2004 film Motives, co-starring with Vivica A. Fox and Shemar Moore. She also has co-starred in Beauty Shop (2005) and Something New (2006). In 2008, Brooks was cast as Kim Kaswell in the Lifetime comedy-drama pilot Drop Dead Diva, but later was replaced by Kate Levering. In 2011, she starred in the independent film The Inheritance. In 2012, Brooks joined the cast of Hart of Dixie in season 2 playing Ruby Jeffries, Mayor Lavon Hayes' ex-girlfriend from high school, who runs against him for mayor. In 2014, Brooks stars as one of five leads on the TV One reality series, Hollywood Divas.

In 2015, Brooks was cast in a recurring role of Patrick Stewart's lead character's ex-wife in the Starz comedy series, Blunt Talk. In 2016, she was cast in a series regular role opposite Damon Wayans Sr. in the Fox pilot Lethal Weapon. Brooks was fired from Lethal Weapon after the project's table read, and Keesha Sharp, her Girlfriends co-star, later replaced her in role. In 2017, Brooks was cast as the lead character's mother in The Darkest Minds, a young adult dystopian thriller directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson. She also was cast in the Paramount Network drama series Yellowstone starring Kevin Costner. Later she was cast in a series regular role on the TNT drama series I Am the Night directed by Patty Jenkins, playing the mother of the lead character. She received critical acclaim for her performance in I Am the Night. "Golden Brooks elevating every scene she's in", said Daniel Fienberg in his review for The Hollywood Reporter. In 2019, she reunited with her Girlfriends co-stars Tracee Ellis Ross, Jill Marie Jones and Persia White in the episode of ABC comedy series Black-ish. In 2023, Brooks starred in the coming-of-age comedy series, Saturdays as a mother of lead, and played the leading role in the Tubi Holiday comedy film, Hot Girl Winter.

Personal life
Brooks and fellow actor D. B. Woodside were in a relationship from 2008 to 2010; they have a daughter together, born in 2009.

title: Golden Brooks


text:
Talk:Southern American English

Other Vocabulary
Would just like to add some other slang that is used in the Southern United States.

Britches - Pants Lick (noun) - A general amount of the content being described. Uppity - Snobby How do? - How do you do? Hankerin' for - A craving for

- Having my whole family from the south the list could go on forever, just figured adding a few more for some that might need clarification

MLKing (talk) 06:23, 12 March 2018 (UTC)
 * They sound good so long as you can find a better source. Not sure if "Red Neck Slang" is the most credible one out there, ha. Wolfdog (talk) 20:57, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

It is well known that "Bless your heart" is actually Southern for "Go to hell" (or a similar sentiment) and not a statement of sympathy as defined in this article. I don't yet have a source that can be cited for this, though. --Peter (Cactus Pete) (talk) 20:40, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, that is true, and also true that a source would be great. It's certainly both: an expression of concern that became used (maybe used even more) in an ironic sense. Wolfdog (talk) 23:30, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 January 2019 and 9 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): BitterLilyz.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

"Confederate English" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Confederate English. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Hog Farm (talk) 15:56, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

Celtic or Germanic or what?
Does the southern drawl come from ethnic southern celtic people's way of speaking or from germanic people's way of speaking? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.79.178.4 (talk) 15:51, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

 * It's rather late to answer, but I think the best answer to your question is neither; the 'southern drawl' or the modern dialect is a relatively new phenomenon, with most of its notable features only appearing in the past 100 years with little to no record prior. Some of its modern features are from Southwest Irish English such as the pin-pen merger, use of 'do be' as a marker of habitual aspect, and (for some speakers) th-stopping. But by and large, most of its features are speech innovations instead of inheritances from an older phonology (though many pre-world war dialects had other Irish-born features such as monophthongal FACE /eː/ and GOAT /oː/ vowels, pronouncing some words spelled  with the /eː/ vowel instead of modern standard /iː/, and others with less or no documentation). As for the idea of it coming at all from any one group's way of speaking- just remember that dialects follow immigration patterns, so stating it as an "or"-type question doesn't really work for these things.
 * Anyway, hope that answer is satisfactory! LinguaNerd (talk) 14:44, 26 November 2022 (UTC)

"Country accent" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Country accent and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 December 29 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 20:41, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

Sure in /ʊər/ set
It makes more sense to group post-alveolars with palatals with how they're treated in sound changes. Is there a more elegant way of clearly communicating this relation in the table? And if we do not create a separate category for the palatal/post-alveolar class as a whole with this vowel, why make one for /jʊər/ specifically? LinguaNerd (talk) 02:38, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

"Tell-say" reduplication
As a native of the Charleston metro (I state this in case this is instead specific to Charlestonian English, the Carolinas-Georgia lowlands region, etc.), I often hear people, usually older speakers, follow a transitive "tell" clause (with the patient being the person who'll be spoken to) with another "say" clause (with the patient being what's going to be said). Something like:

 * "I told him, I said 'What the hell are you talking about?'"
 * "Tell her, say 'I ain't gonna hurt ya!'"

This isn't just what any English speaker would do, with two seemingly seperable clauses (as one could optionally replace the comma with a period, thus making "I told him." its own independent sentence; the construction I'm talking about appears to make the "tell" clause dependent on the "say" clause, as they always come in tandem). The way it's said, it's more like an odd semantically-reduplicative construction: One would use this the same as they would use just a single "tell" or "say" clause.

I'll admit, this is all by personal experience; I don't have any literature or online sources to back up what I'm describing. 2600:1700:2DA1:C20F:EA90:27F1:90FB:F029 (talk) 08:44, 23 December 2022 (UTC)
 * In my experience this also occurs outside of the South. Sometimes other words are used. An example I heard in New York: "I says to him, I says, 'That's stupid'". We'd need a reliable source that this only occurs in the South. Sundayclose (talk) 16:37, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

Examples of famous non-rhotic speakers
We could include George Wallace and Bull Connor as examples of famous Alabamians who spoke in a non-rhotic accent that I believe is extinct in the state now, apart from among its black inhabitants of course. We could even do the same for the Texan country singer Tex Ritter. I suspect such Texan accents died out not long after the 40s when he was singing and such Alabamian accents died out not long after the 60s when Wallace and Cooper were about. Of course this would be original research without referring to an academic source describing these people as non-rhotic but the fact that they were can easily be discerned by watching YouTube videos. --Overlordnat1 (talk) 06:04, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southern American English


text:
Waconia

Waconia may refer to a community in the United States:

 * Waconia, Minnesota
 * Waconia Township, Carver County, Minnesota
 * Lake Waconia

title: Waconia


text:
Karl Merkatz

Karl Merkatz (17 November 1930 – 4 December 2022) was an Austrian actor.

Merkatz was born on 17 November 1930 in Wiener Neustadt, the son of a toolmaker. He first wanted to become a carpenter. After World War II he was an active Boy Scout in Wiener Neustadt. However, later he started to enroll in acting lessons in Salzburg, Vienna and Zurich. Then he found employment in theatres, most notably in Munich, Salzburg, Hamburg and Vienna (Theater in der Josefstadt).

During his later career he starred in several roles in television and motion pictures. In the role of Edmund Sackbauer (Mundl) in the 1970s, he became famous as the typical Viennese (Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter). Another big success came with the films "Bockerer" starring as a naive Viennese during the Second World War in Vienna (the later films are set in the subsequent years to 1945).

From 1999, Merkatz was chairman of the human rights group SOS Mitmensch.

Merkatz died in Straßwalchen on 4 December 2022, at the age of 92.

Major roles

 * Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter: literally, A Genuine Viennese Does Not Go Down: In this 1975-1979 television series, which is about the life of a Viennese working-class family, he played Edmund "Mundl" Sackbauer, for which he is most known.
 * Der Bockerer I-IV:, Merkatz plays the role of the Viennese butcher Karl Bockerer, who as a social democrat is shown during the time of the Anschluss and in the struggle against national socialism, during the post-war occupation of Austria by Allied forces, during the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 and the Prague Spring of 1968. He won the award for Best Actor at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival for his role in the first film.
 * Der Mann von La Mancha: Merkatz played the roles of Miguel de Cervantes and Don Quixote in this 1994 German-language television adaptation of the classic musical Man of La Mancha.

Decorations and awards

 * Best Actor (1981) and Film Award (1982) for The Bockerer (Part 1)
 * German Film Awards: Best Actor (1982) for The Bockerer (Part 1)
 * Honorary Medal of the Austrian capital Vienna in Gold (1995) for his services to theaters in Vienna and as an excellent performer of Viennese Types
 * Honorary Ring of Wiener Neustadt (1995)
 * Golden Romy as the most popular actor (1996)
 * Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art (1999)
 * Grand Gold Decoration for Services to the province of Lower Austria (2002)

title: Karl Merkatz


text:
Bill Porter (salesman)

William Douglas Porter (September 9, 1932 – December 3, 2013) was an American salesman, who worked for Watkins Incorporated based in Winona, Minnesota. Born with cerebral palsy, Porter's background and work was brought to the public's attention in 1995 when an Oregon-based newspaper published a series of feature stories about him.

Life
Porter was born in San Francisco, California, and at a young age moved to Portland, Oregon along with his mother. He was unable to gain employment due to his cerebral palsy, but refused to go on disability. Porter eventually convinced Watkins Incorporated to give him a door-to-door salesman job, selling its products on a seven-mile route in the Portland area. He eventually became Watkins' top seller, and worked for the company for over forty years.

In 1995, the newspaper The Oregonian ran a feature story about Porter. The story of his optimistic determination made him the subject of media attention across the United States. He was featured in Reader's Digest and on ABC's 20/20. The 20/20 broadcast received over 2000 phone calls and letters, which was the most ever for a 20/20 story. Porter was the subject of a 2002 made-for-TV movie on TNT called Door to Door, featuring William H. Macy, Kyra Sedgwick and Helen Mirren. In 2009 the Japanese TBS network aired a TV movie loosely based on Bill Porter, also called Door to Door. It starred Ninomiya Kazunari and Rosa Kato as fictional versions of Porter and Brady. Porter died of an infection in Gresham, Oregon, on December 3, 2013, at the age of 81.

title: Bill Porter (salesman)


text:
Talk:Alex Kapranos

Untitled
Moved VfD discussion to Talk:Alexander Kapranos/Archive VFD. There's not really much debate about their or his notability now... — ciphergoth 19:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Nationality
He cannot have been born in two countries and is therefore a British musician, of Greek decent....— ciphergoth 19:17, 2 sep 2007 (UTC)

Generally, nationality is established at birth by a child's place of birth (jus soli) and/or bloodline (jus sanguinis). Nationality may also be acquired later in life through naturalization.....— ciphergoth 19:17, 2 sep 2007 (UTC)

His birthplace is England, Scotland is not a separate country and therefore you cannot be naturalised there. You remain English or consider yourself British, you cannot 'become' Scottish in any sense other than referencing, which carries no weight in any respect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skipsey (talk • contribs) 11:41, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

I should also say his accent is still very recognisably from Sunderland, with some Scottish twangs. It would be very unusual for someone who moved to a different area at 7 to retain that accent into middle-age. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skipsey (talk • contribs) 11:45, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Descision
Page changed per request. Ryan Norton T 13:09, 11 Sep 2007 (UTC)

Huntley?
Um, Huntley is his mother's maiden name from what I've heard.

 * That's what I've heard, too. Starla Dear 16:34, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It was the name his father adopted from his aunt aged 15

 * Do you have a source for that? Starla Dear 16:45, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You can find it on their offical fansite

important correction concerning the name:

Alexander Paul Kapranos Huntley was his birth name as corroborated in the Infobox, and therefore. Alex Kapranos is a pseudonym of sorts. "Huntley" was never legally 'dropped'. (where is your source?) I'll change it if no-one objects... — ciphergoth 19:17, 2 sep 2007 (UTC)

The Soham murders involving Ian Huntley were after the band was formed so the name change either doesn't make sense (which it doesn't. One person doesn't ruin a name unless its Hitler) or its just plain false. I suspect he changed his name to look cooler but I don't know. Either way, it needs to be changed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Boils (talk • contribs) 22:55, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

A pseudonym (Greek: ψευδόνυμον, pseudo + -onym: false name) is an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a person's legal name.

 * It's not a pseudonym, then. It's a shortening of his full name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.159.50.61 (talk) 01:43, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Descision
Page changed per request. Ryan Norton T 13:09, 11 Sep 2007 (UTC)

Alexander or Alex?
Why is this titled Alexander? Even his Guardian column is bylined "Alex Kapranos". I'll move it if no-one objects... — ciphergoth 19:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Sure. - PurpleStripe

important correction concerning the name:

Alexander Paul Kapranos Huntley was his birth name as corroborated in the Infobox, and therefore. Alex Kapranos is a pseudonym of sorts. "Huntley" was never legally 'dropped'. (where is your source?) I'll change it if no-one objects... — ciphergoth 19:17, 2 sep 2007 (UTC)

A pseudonym (Greek: ψευδόνυμον, pseudo + -onym: false name) is an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a person's legal name.

Descision
Page changed per request. Ryan Norton T 13:09, 11 Sep 2007 (UTC)

The photo
Shouldn't it be more "appropriate"?

I was thinking the same thing. Stan weller 10:13, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

I agree.

Appropriate? Like a school picture? This I believe displays his passion for music quite well.

How about a promo picture? Starla Dear 01:57, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

The current photo is rather blurry; the previous one was better, since, as stated before displayed his passion for music quite well.

 * I agree. This photo is too dark and blurry. The previous photo was a much better illustration. Giacomodalsace 18:58, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * so, does anyonw know how to change the picture?

Eleanor Friedberger edit tussle
The line about Alex's relationship with Eleanor Friedberger keeps being changed from "currently" to "previously" and sometimes to not being there at all. Only being a big fan of The Fiery Furnaces (Eleanor's band) and the writer of most of their pages on here, I'm not really in a position to say whether they are really going out or not. Still, changing between two condtradictory stances on any fact (however minor) is really not a good place for an encyclopedia to be. I propose we either decide (and provide a source or reference for) one of the options, make a vague claim that the relationship status is unclear, or remove the sections altogether (on both the individuals' pages). I personally saw mr Kapranos at a Furnaces show only a few weeks ago and both of them certainly looked happy. Perhaps we should ask someone from the indie-rock equivalent of Smash Hits to find out for us. Jellypuzzle 11:00, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, it's been changed AGAIN. Come on folks, someone at least provide a source. --Jellypuzzle 11:45, 24 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think discussion about my relationship is appropriate here - AK
 * See this Times interview with Friedberger in 2004] (scroll down). [[Image:Huskyoog.jpg]] Husky (talk page) 20:12, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

If you don't want people to talk about your relationships do you really think you should be famous AK? Ok sometimes people should leave it out but, come on you're like a hero to people so they're gonna want to know everything about you..

There is a whole paragraph about their relationship on the Wikipedia article on Eleanor Friedberger. If it is okay there, then why not here?

His personal life shouldn't be discussed anywhere. Although he is famous, don't you think he deserves some privacy like everyone else?

Ok fair enough the comment i made earlier about "If you don't want people to talk about your relationships do you really think you should be famous AK? Ok sometimes people should leave it out but, come on you're like a hero to people so they're gonna want to know everything about you" was a little harsh but i'm a huge fan, not a stalker, so it doesn't bother me whether his relationship is over or not, but i know loads of people that want to know everything about him so they can be like him. That's fair enough so long as it doesn't go too far. He should have privacy as you said. Everyone should. In the real world there's always going to be someone who encroaches on that privacy. He's a great guy and he deserves some respect. If he doesn't want Eleanor discussed then i'm willing to respect that wish. BK

He should be and is to most, a hero because of his music, not because of his relationships.

I don't really see how his privacy is relevant to Wikipedia. We have a lot of things on here that have to do with more invasions of privacy than comments on his current relationship status. It's not as if we're harassing him in any way; we're just taking from the media (as we do here on WP) and reformatting it here. I just want something mentioned, though, because I've heard many times that 'Eleanor Put Your Boots On' is about Eleanor Friedberger, and in fact the page on that single mentions their relationship. Something - anything - to clarify this would be nice, even if it just mentions that it is speculated but there has been no official comment. 163.192.12.120 (talk) 17:04, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

His age?
Ok. So there has always been a thing about his age and how Alex has "lost his passport." Anyway, the profile says he is 34 but i've read articles where Alex himself has said he is 29 and that those rumours are bollocks. So i'm wondering what the truth behind his age is. There should be some sort of source to say he is 34.. it's all a mystery to me still.. 34 or 29?

 * He is indeed, 34. Otherwise he's been 29 for 5 years...

 * He finally said that he was 34. Actually he said that he's been writing songs since he was fourteen, and that was twenty years ago. Starla Dear 16:46, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

allergic to peanuts and animals?
i understand allergic to peanuts, but allergic to animals? is that a meat allergy? which meats? is it actually some kind of roundabout way of saying he's a vegetarian? i could be wrong but i don't think anyone in the world has an allergy to every kind of meat. if that's what the article it's saying, then it needs to be wikified... on the other hand if you mean animal dander, again... which animals? humans are animals. as for likening it to arsenic, what does that mean? all of these things would be completely fatal? i've written too much. all i'm saying is that that whole section is baffling. Youdontsmellbad 21:47, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * He's allergic to animals, as in live animals as in animal saliva and dander. I think when you say that someone is allergic to animals it's implied that it's animal saliva and dander, and not meat and humans.
 * Here is the post that Alex left on their website. It should explain the whole arsenic thing:

 * I had the most horrific night, last night. I was up until 5:30, retching, then retching again until it was just blood and bile coming up. I have an allergy to peanuts. My friend Kate, who is a fantastic cook, made some baklava. The packet of hazelnuts she used had one of those generic catch-all notices on the back: “Made in a factory that processes other nuts - may contain traces of peanut”. I’m not as allergic as some other people. I just retch for hours. Other people go into anaphylactic shock and die very quickly. Apparently it’s a similar death to swallowing arsenic.

 * Just suppose there was a hypothetical factory which produced chocolate bars or sliced bread. They also processed arsenic. In fact they used the same machines to process the arsenic that they used to process sweets and bread. But that’s OK. They didn’t clean the machines between uses, they just put a little notice on the back by the ingredients saying: “Warning: May Contain Traces Of Arsenic”.

 * Hope that clears it up. Starla Dear 16:53, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * allegic to animals?! in soundbites he says he went horse riding!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.151.33.115 (talk) 14:11, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Gear?
What is the obsession with the Fender telecaster? Does it really necessitate its own sub-heading?

South Shields/Sunderland
I appreciate a citation needs to be found regarding Kapranos' South Tyneside/Wearside links, but should it really be in question? I thought it was common knowledge. I've heard it referred to in a number of music magazines including Q and NME. You can hear it in his accent and singing voice, just as much as his Glaswegian accent. Anyway, I've found a Guardian article written by him which tells of his links with the area

http://www.guardian.co.uk/food/story/0,,1655966,00.html

His grandmother is from South Shields, so he obviously spent a lot of time them. There is also this

http://homeboynet.wordpress.com/2006/11/05/the-greek-arch-cook-franz-ferdinand/

“My dad played guitar. He used to play in beat groups in the 1960s. He’d play R’n’B and blues in the working men’s clubs of South Shields. I have very early memories of my dad holding down chords and me strumming."

Is this adequate?

hedpeguyuk 09:33, 11 Feb 2007 (UTC)

The "Sunderland" reference comes from the fact that he lived in Washington for a while, not the city of Sunderland itself (administratively it's part of the Sunderland borough, though it's closer to Gateshead). So if someone wants to adequately cite that fact, along with the South Shields stuff, you'd do better searching for Washington than Sunderland. I saw this in an interview in local newspaper the Evening Chronicle (Newcastle) about a year or two ago when they played here. Don't know whether the article is online, but inevitably most of the interview was him talking about his local childhood, as you'd expect from the fluff pieces you get in local-paper music sections..

Slash
There seems to be a debate emerging the relevance of so-called "slash" fiction, written by teenage girls who fantasise that their idols are homosexual in order to gratify themselves.

Whether this has any relevance to this article is highly questionable. It appears to have been added to assuage the egos of the protagonists of this fiction. It has no direct relevance to Kapranos himself.
 * Agreed. --DavidShankBone 19:46, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Well said. BK

 * The above 2 (or 3?) partly/uncertainly unsigned messages (1 or 2 sock puppets?) indulge in ad hominem arguments and feeble speculation unworthy of an FF fan. The FF slash is a big phenomenon and AK has talked about it more than once. The quotes are there. It seems entirely 'relevant' for a trivia section therefore. Soane 16:09, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Trivia sections are discouraged, see Avoid trivia sections in articles and are often used to justify inclusion of various bits of information that may or may not be interesting for an encyclopedia entry. What would make the Slash Fiction notable on this page is if there are newspaper or magazine articles talking about what a phenomenon it has become in Alex Kapranos's life.  Thus, this may be better suited for the Franz Ferdinand page.  Regardless, I do feel that a Live Journal site of fiction casting the band as gay doesn't merit entry into Wikipedia unless it truly is a phenomenon.  Having the band mention it may thrill the Slackened Ties participants, but it hardly makes them noteworthy to the rest of the world, for whom Wikipedia is written.  What Wikipedia is not should be read.  --DavidShankBone 17:01, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

A fan site is not included, even in a trivia section or an external link section. Unfortunately, the only people slackening their ties at slackened_ties are the contributors to that site. Please, gals, find another venue for validation. This isn't the place, and if we allowed you all to be included, it would open floodgates that would thus make your inclusion here meaningless. This is a community effort to share serious information; not a fan forum. That said...I completely understand where you all come from - ha! Just the wrong platform here. Please stop. --DavidShankBone 01:42, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Scottish or English?
I don't personally have an opinion on this, but others do. How does one decide if a person is Scottish or English? It can't be discerned genetically, so is it a parental thing? If so, does his father actually make him Greek, or is there a rule similar to the Jewish tradition that his mother is the one who decides his status, which would then be English? Or is it a cultural issue, which would undoubtedly make him Scottish. I personally have no horse in this race, but it needs to be decided to stop the revert back-n-forth. And does anybody have a linke to what he considers himself (which is only incidental to this discussion, since subjects don't decide their own WP entries, but it does inform us on the matter). --DavidShankBone 01:42, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

His heritage CONSTANTLY changes on here from English to Scottish, then British to Greek, and sometimes a few combined. I don't think it should be included in the article until someone can find an honest source that states his true heritage because no one can seem to agree... --HarmoniousSky 05:28, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I have added both Scottish and English cats, as there are good claims both ways. Both hould be retained. He is English born, and is half English but quite definitely has a Scottish accent, and ties to Glasgow.--MacRusgail (talk) 17:22, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Added reference wher Kapranos clearly refers to himself as English - so no more changing. Born in England and grew up in England. Also, he doesn't have a Scottish accent, it's clearly a north east England accent - with you being a Scot yourself, surely you'd know that?

92.8.18.241 (talk) 19:58, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

No. Jewish culture and tradition and offspring theory is very special and unique

there is no similar rule in other religions like christians or Muslims.

if the mother of my father was jewish my father is also jewish and if he had married a jewish woman so i would be also jewish !

but if my mother had been non jewish and would have converted so i would be also jewish !

but that you cannot compare to scottish people

he is a scotish guy of greek descent — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.113.106.10 (talk) 13:35, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

Images
We can not use copyrighted photographs when we have our open-use photographs, per Fair use. I understand that every fan with a camera phone wants to put a grainy band pic up from the show they attended, but perhaps instead create a gallery. Right now, the best photographs available of Kapranos are the book store shots, several angles of varying quality can be found here: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alex_Kapranos. But this artcle is not about Franz Ferdinand, it's about Alex Kapranos, the singer, the writer, the person. So a "band shot" is not necessary, just like a book store photo of Alex Kapranos is unnecessary on the Franz Ferdinand page. Get a better close-up, quality photo of Kapranos, put it up. But let's take the page a little more seriously than every fan with a camera phone who wants to see the "concert that changed their life" on the page. --David Shankbone 12:42, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * How about Image:Alex Kapranosconcert.jpg, or a cropped version of it? Shows him fairly clearly. Archibald99  13:01, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The problem with that photo is it is grainy, it's not nearly as clear as the bookstore shot, and it is of unknown copyright. --David Shankbone 13:53, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Broken Link
The bisexual citation doesn't link to anything and doesn't correspond to any external links, and I seem to remember it used to link to the interview. Can anyone fix this? Vanityjunkie 15:01, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Bisexual edits...
I don't see how people can take the fact that he said, "Either" when asked "Boys or girls?" here: []  It's open ended really. Maybe he meant he likes either sex better as friends, or possibly wants either boys or girls for children. Don't insinuate that he's bisexual from that though. Unless he comes out and actually says he is, it doesn't belong in the article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by HarmoniousSky (talk • contribs) 22:53, 13 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Agreed. This is a tenuous inference - sex or sexuality is not mentioned in the question or answer. If this is the only 'evidence' for the subject's sexuality, then there is nothing to support it. Besides, this form of speculation is not suitable for an encyclopedia - more for the realm of speculative gossip tabloids or fan-sites. It appears to be added by editors who, for some reason, wish he was bi-sexual. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wardroad (talk • contribs) 15:08, 21 April 2007 (UTC).

 * It does seem to be a theme that keeps coming up with him, so it should be addressed - if only to show how limited to evidence is. He has 'thematized' it in songs and interviews. I don't see that any inference is drawn. 88888 15:40, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Precisely. Only the most tenuous inference of bisexuality can be drawn from the fanzine interview. There are no other interviews where it is mentioned. The only interview that is being quoted here is not evidence enough to support the theory. There is only one song (Michael) which is sung from the perspective of another person (Michael). Even if there were other sources, this issue relates to the personal life of the subject and is therefore not suitable for an encyclopedia. Incidentally, this all seems reminiscent of the previous debate over the issue of so-called "slash fiction". Wardroad

 * I think this issue became overblown because of the silliness with that slash fiction stuff where those girls who like to fantasize about Kapranos fucking guys, and they compose fiction around the idea. That said, there is light play around the idea of bisexuality, but I read it more the way David Bowie used to talk about it to play around with people's notions of him.  Later on he said it was all a bunch of talk.  But it's notable as a mention, since it keeps popping up and there's a history of this adding an "edge" to a person's public persona.  But to call him bisexual is simply ridiculous.  --David Shankbone 19:33, 21 April 2007 (UTC)''

 * " I think this issue became overblown because of the silliness with that slash fiction stuff where those girls who like to fantasize about Kapranos fucking guys, and they compose fiction around the idea."'' - for goodness´ sake, a bit of decorum, please.

 * Though, think about it. He was having an interview and was asked to choose between boys or girls. What would you say if someone asked you that? I wasn't there to detect the "irony", but he replied, "either". In the light of his songs and the press the band receive and the slash fiction, I would have thought it wasn't unreasonable to note it in the article. Why censor him? Soane 00:47, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This is really not an issue. He's not gay or bisexual, but wrote a song from the perspective of a man dancing with another man. He also wrote Take Me Out from the perspective of a sniper - that doesn't make him a soldier. There's an interesting article here which talks about it. It's not a case of not 'censoring' him, but of not mis-representing him. Wardroad

In reply to Soane...they just asked him, "Boys or girls?" not, "Which sex are you attracted to?" There you go assuming things like everyone else who changes his article. All I'm saying is that people shouldn't ASSUME that he's bisexual from that. Unless he actually SAYS that he is, it's all gossip and it makes us no better than tabloids. By the way, he's the lead singer of the band, but that doesn't make the songs about his own personal experiences. He just sings the lyrics and he's even said that some of the songs are from other people's point of views or conversations he and his bandmates have overheard. HarmoniousSky

 * Oh, I wasn't drawing inferences, just suggesting that the interview, the lyrics, the slash are enough to warrant a small paragraph - even if just to show that the 'evidence' is less strong than people thank it is. Most of my friends (of all preferences) assume more is going on. Soane 09:44, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Slash is totally irrelevant. Assumptions aren't what we base additions on.  Most of what is proposed here, anyway, is more appropriate for the band's page than for Kapranos's page. --David Shankbone 15:51, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think perhaps some people are becoming a little overheated and unfocused. No one made any assumptions - at least I didn't - perhaps you are thinking of someone else. I said that there was enough - the 'either' interview, the lyrics, the slash (remember his comments on slash everyone?) - for a small paragraph about his repeated "bi-teasing" (hope everyone will agree on calling it that officially), enough for a small paragraph, homophobes and self-appointed censors notwithstanding. Soane 16:59, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Don't be insulting towards other editors, Wardroad.~ZytheTalk to me! 21:08, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Gosh, just noticed that! I honestly can't see how I insulted anyone. Hope you're feeling better now ;) Wardroad 22:27, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not "overheated and unfocused" if you were directing that towards me... I just dislike that so many people keep changing the article when there's no real proof saying that he is.  Don't take what I say personally.  :)  HarmoniousSky

Category:English atheists
Is this category relevant? There's nothing in the article to suggest so. -88.110.221.64 11:25, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * There's nothing in the article that justifies either portion of that, what's worse. We seem to have an assumption that he's to be considered "English" based on his place of birth, and no sourcing.  (And contrary to the obvious duck test.)  I'd propose we remove that cat, and that we scrap "English" and "Scottish" in favour of the much more verifiable and less subjective "British".  Alai (talk) 23:40, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Sound Bites: Eating on Tour with Franz Ferdinand
If anyone wants to listen to AK reading the book, it is here 62.64.202.50 (talk) 13:53, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

picture
the new picture's crap, what was wrong with the old one? 188.222.41.105 (talk) 18:09, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Old Picture was better. Return it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.204.116.157 (talk) 01:13, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Nationality and ethnicity in lede
Is this person British or Scottish or what nationality? I also removed his ethnicity from the lede. It looks like that is covered in the family early life section. --Malerooster (talk) 02:02, 24 December 2012 (UTC)

I'm not really sure. In this interview http://timeoutchicago.com/music-nightlife/music/63713/franz-ferdinand he refers to himself as English. but in this interview http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/music/news-and-features/alex-kapranos-of-franz-ferdinand-accuses-nationalists-of-making-him-english-on-wikipedia-1-2688390 he refers to himself as Scottish. Maybe he sees himself as both?

I think the best thing to do is take nationality out of the lead, to make it neutral for the time being.86.156.229.192 (talk) 16:04, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

I think the guy is just playing up to Scottish nationalism (notice Scottish nationalist is good, English nationalism is bad apparently) and is guilty of revisionism seeing as the reference of the guy referring to himself as English very clearly twice if from only 2009! Seems desperate to get some kind of media coverage out of it, what with his band no longer being relevant.

92.8.24.191 (talk) 12:25, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Ethnicity is now commonly defined in terms of both external ascription and self-identification, as the article Ethnic group makes clear. The latter aspect should not be ignored: "Franz Ferdinand frontman Alex Kapranos has bitterly complained that “nationalists” keep changing his Wikipedia entry to say he is English." → . --IIIraute (talk) 16:04, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Alex Kapranos


text:
Wadena

Wadena may refer to:

People

 * Chip Wadena. American, Ojibwe tribal executive

Locations

 * United States
 * Wadena, Indiana
 * Wadena, Iowa
 * Wadena, Minnesota
 * Wadena Township, Minnesota

 * Canada
 * Wadena, Saskatchewan
 * Wadena (electoral district), a former provincial electoral district in Saskatchewan

Other uses

 * USS Wadena (SP-158), a steam yacht that served in the U.S. Navy in World War I

title: Wadena


text: User talk:68.11.120.19

title: User talk:68.11.120.19


text:
Wadesboro

Wadesboro may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Wadesboro, Florida
 * Wadesboro, Kentucky
 * Wadesboro, North Carolina

title: Wadesboro