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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Ravaged

The Ravaged was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 9 votes to delete, 1 vote to keep. 1 vote was disregarded because unsigned. Postdlf 07:33, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Ravaged
I have never heard of them, but if they are recording and have created a new genre, then I think it should stay. Hey, everyone has to start somewhere! And if a local is saying that they do have a following and an ER that's actually being sold places, then why not keep the entry? The definition of notable is very semantical.

Band-Vanity, maybe they become notable after releasing their debut album -- Ferkelparade π 12:26, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * NOTE: if this article is deleted, the article for their album At last..., created by the same IP as the creator of the article for The Ravaged, should also be deleted. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:33, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * REVISED NOTE: Just about every contribution by the ip address is about members of The Ravaged.  I think that if the article for The Ravaged is deleted, Power Heavy Rock N' Roll, Gus Nilson, Nickie Hanson, Chris Erixon, Rob Gillard, and Pete Ellstrom should also be deleted.  Also, his links to the ravaged homepage from Guitarist and Bassist should also be removed. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:38, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: I suspected as much and asked about them at the reference desk. Until someone has compelling arguments to the opposite either here or at the reference desk my vote is for delete. The fate of Nickie Hanson, Rob Gillard, Gus Nilson, Pete Ellstrom (and Chris Erixon which will no doubt be created any minute now) should be the same as the main article. --fvw 12:30, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)
 * Keep: As a fan of Ravaged and quite familiar with their work, I can tell you that the band in fact HAS released a CD, their EP. And while it is not a full-length album, the record has and is being sold in various places in several cities in Sweden. They're not a big band, but they do have their share of fans. Also, I have made quite a lot of changes to the article, I uploaded the pictures on the The Ravaged and the Rob Gillard articles, and I'm sure there will be other fans contributing as soon as they find out that there is a Wikipedia entry on the band.  I vote against deletion --Bong 13:09, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Account has <50 contributions, all but two in the last week. Isomorphic 23:41, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete- In order for the page to not be vanity, the subject has to be substantially notable. At this point in time, I don't believe that this band qualifies any more than every other band in the world that just got a recording contract. Users who are in favor of letting every band have an entry on Wikipedia may vote to the contrary, but I am not in favor, so I must vote to delete. Skyler 13:43, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Any entity in the encyclopedia needs to be notable, and the information has to be verifiable. In the case of bands, that means that the group needs to be known outside of its home area.  One way we measure that is with either substantial influence on notable bands (e.g. Alex Chilton has been recording on minor labels, but he has and continues to influence bands like REM and The Replacements) or by sales that are widespread.  Since we're not a record guide or a band guide, we have to confine ourselves only to the high profile acts.  Minor independent label releases, ep's, and local performances won't fit the criteria.  Geogre 14:59, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable (yet?) Nadavspi 15:04, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: promo, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- not notable yet, but maybe with their next CD? Some retentionists advocate keeping high-school bands, which sucks. This band isn't too far shy of my qualifications of notability. --Improv 20:16, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Well, it doesn't really matter if the page stays or not, becuase they got what they wanted. More people that know who they are and more people that will be interested in their next CD. Why am I against delete? OK, this is not a promo site, but who did this page? Themselves or a fan of the band?? I think it's a fan and that's reason enough to let the page stay.
 * Just FYI, your vote cannot be considered if it is anonymous. However, I will leave your comments for consideration, but please don't use CAPS. It is considered to be obnoxious or shouting. Skyler1534 22:41, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Weak delete, I can't see this becoming encyclopedic yet — siro  χ  o  10:00, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non notable.  As it stands, this is simply pagerank spam. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:39, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Brooke Hanson

Brooke Louise Hanson, OAM (born 18 March 1978) is an Australian former competitive swimmer, Olympic gold medallist, world champion, and former world record-holder.

Swimming Career
A swimmer since the age of four, Hanson was the youngest swimmer on the Australian national team at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, where she finished fourth in the 200-metre breaststroke. However, she would not qualify for another major international competition for eight years, until she qualified for the 100- and 200-metre breaststroke at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. At the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, she would finish second in the 50-metre breaststroke and sixth in the 100-metre breaststroke.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Hanson won a gold medal as part of the Australian 4×100-metre medley relay team by swimming the breaststroke leg in a preliminary heat (Leisel Jones swam the breaststroke leg in the final). Jones' selection was the source of much discussion, and rumours spread of conflict between the two. She also won silver in the 100-metre breaststroke, finishing 0.01s ahead of Jones.

Several weeks later, Hanson competed at the 2004 FINA Short Course World Championships in Indianapolis, Indiana. Most of the medal-winners from the recently finished Olympics chose not to attend which allowed Hanson to win six gold medals, five of which were for individual events.

2005 was a difficult year for Hanson. She was defeated by both Jade Edmistone and Leisel Jones in the 50- and 100-metre breaststroke at the Australian Championships. At the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Hanson missed the medals in both the 100-metre breaststroke and the 200-metre individual medley, but claimed bronze in the 50-metre breaststroke.

She admitted after the 2006 Commonwealth Games trials that she had been close to retiring. She missed qualification for the 50- and 100-metre breaststroke events, where the three positions were claimed by Jones, Edmistone and Tarnee White respectively. She qualified for the 200 m breaststroke and individual medley, and claimed silver in the latter event behind young teammate Stephanie Rice.

She swims with the Nunawading Swimming Club in Melbourne.

Career after Swimming
In 2006, she joined the health and lifestyle program What's Good For You team and was a presenter in the second series of the show. At the 2007 Logies, she was nominated for Most Popular Female New Talent for her role in the show.

In 2008, she auditioned unsuccessfully for Gladiators on the Seven Network.

Personal life
On 17 June 2007, Hanson was taken to hospital after collapsing after an apparent electric shock after climbing out of a spa at a pool and spa show in Melbourne. An investigation by Energy Safe Victoria found no fault with the spa.

Hanson is married to Jared Clarke and they have four children. Their son Jack died in 2012 at nine months of age due to chronic lung disease.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brooke Hanson


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Bureau of Prohibition

The Bureau of Prohibition (or Prohibition Unit) was the United States federal law enforcement agency formed to enforce the National Prohibition Act of 1919, commonly known as the Volstead Act, which enforced the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution regarding the prohibition of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. When it was first established in 1920, it was a unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. On April 1, 1927, it became an independent entity within the Department of the Treasury, changing its name from the Prohibition Unit to the Bureau of Prohibition. In 1930, it became part of the Department of Justice. By 1933, with the repeal of Prohibition imminent, it was briefly absorbed into the FBI, or "Bureau of Investigation" as it was then called, and became the Bureau's "Alcohol Beverage Unit," though, for practical purposes it continued to operate as a separate agency. Very shortly after that, once repeal became a reality, and the only federal laws regarding alcoholic beverages being their taxation, it was switched back to Treasury, where it was renamed the Alcohol Tax Unit.

Mission
The Bureau of Prohibition's main function was to stop the sale and consumption of alcohol. Agents would be tasked with eliminating illegal bootlegging rings, and became notorious in cities like New York and Chicago for raiding popular nightclubs. Agents were often paid low wages, and the Bureau was notorious for allowing many uncertified people to become agents. Doing so strengthened the bureau, as they were able to hire agents in greater numbers. In 1929, the Increased Penalties Act or Jones Law was passed. The Jones Law increased penalties for violations previously set in the Volstead Act. First time offenders were now expected to serve a maximum of five years and a $10,000 fine as opposed to the previous six months and $1,000 fine. This strengthened animosity toward Prohibition agents, as many of them (such as Major Maurice Campbell, Prohibition administrator of New York City), were already hated for their raids on popular clubs frequented by New York City's elite.

Famous agents
Its investigators were called prohibition agents, or more colloquially 'Prohis'. Its most famous agent was Eliot Ness. Some of the other famous lawmen who, at some point, carried a Prohi's badge include former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, full-blooded Cherokee Tom Threepersons, James L. "Lone Wolf" Asher, Chicagoan Pat Roche, and Richard James "Two-Gun" Hart, the eldest brother of Al Capone, who had lost communication with his family at age 16, after fleeing New York City, following a gang brawl.

The two-agent team of Isidor "Izzy" Einstein and Moe Smith, working out of the New York City office, compiled the best arrest record in the history of the agency. Izzy and Moe, as they would later be called, had 4,932 arrests while confiscating over five million bottles of alcohol. The duo would disguise themselves as street vendors, fishermen and many other undercover roles. Both investigators were also able to speak multiple languages, and this skill was also helpful when they were working undercover. The first woman agent was Georgia Hopley.

The Untouchables
The Untouchables were by far the most famous group of prohibition agents, because they were tasked with capturing infamous gangster Al Capone. They earned their nickname after members of the Chicago Outfit repeatedly failed to bribe or intimidate them, proving they were not as easily corrupted as other prohibition agents. Through their efforts, Capone was indicted on 5000 separate counts of conspiracy to violate the National Prohibition Act, though it was ultimately decided not to bring these charges to trial, but rather to concentrate on income tax violations. Nevertheless, the Untouchables gained national acclaim, in particular, Eliot Ness, who ran the group.

Corruption and public opinion
Despite their mandate to stop consumption of alcohol, many prohibition agents reportedly accepted bribes in exchange for ignoring illegal trade in liquor, which has been ascribed, in part, to their relatively low wages. It was rumored that many agents imbibed the alcohol which they were responsible for confiscating. The public perception of Bureau agents was not favorable. Some prohibition agents became notorious for killing innocent civilians and harassing minor bootleggers, while ignoring gangsters and their rich customers.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
On July 1, 1930, the Prohibition Bureau was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Department of Justice. Early in 1933, as part of the Franklin D. Roosevelt-sponsored Omnibus Crime Bill, the Prohibition Bureau was briefly absorbed into the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), or Division of Investigation as the agency was then called. At this point, it became the Alcohol Beverage Unit. Though part of the FBI on paper, J. Edgar Hoover, who wanted to avoid liquor enforcement and the taint of corruption that was attached to it, continued to operate it as a separate, autonomous agency in practice.

Following the repeal of Prohibition in December 1933, the Alcohol Beverage Unit was removed from the FBI and the Justice Department, and returned to Treasury, where, coming full circle, it became the Alcohol Tax Unit of the IRS, ultimately evolving into the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, or ATF. The present-day ATF deals mostly against illegal firearms, explosives and conducts arson investigations.

In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush signed into law the Homeland Security Act of 2002. In addition to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the law shifted the ATF from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Justice. The agency's name was changed to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, or BATFE; however, it continues to be referred to as the ATF.

The task of collecting federal tax revenue derived from the production of tobacco and alcohol products and the regulatory function related to protecting the public in issues related to the production of alcohol, previously handled by the ATF and the IRS, was transferred to the newly established Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), which remained within the Treasury Department. These changes took effect January 24, 2003.

In popular culture

 * Eliot Ness’s memoir, The Untouchables, went on to become a bestseller and was later adapted into two television series (in 1959 and 1993) and a feature film.
 * Izzy and Moe, a TV-movie starring Jackie Gleason and Art Carney, was loosely based on the real life Isador Einstein and Moe Smith.
 * The Bureau of Prohibition is featured prominently in the HBO period crime series Boardwalk Empire, particularly through the character of Agent Nelson Van Alden.

title: Bureau of Prohibition


text:
User:Deez

Wikipedia is probably the best idea one ever had to share knowledge. I like to think of Wikipedia becoming the "Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy", but without being for hitchhikers or for the galaxy and without the irony :)

I also contribute to Wikitravel, as I think that there is no better way to assemble a travel guide than using a wiki. My username there is "Mo".

Articles I contributed to:
 * Carbisdale Castle
 * Doune
 * Pictish stones

title: User:Deez


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Franziska van Almsick

Franziska van Almsick (born 5 April 1978) is a German former swimmer. She won her first Olympic medals in 1992 at the Barcelona Olympic Games aged 14. Her career began at the SC Dynamo Berlin. She has the distinction of having the most career Olympic medals, ten, without ever winning a gold medal. She ended her career at the Athens Olympic Games in 2004.

In 1993, she was named by Swimming World magazine as the Female World Swimmer of the Year.

She has two sons, born in 2006 and 2013. The family's residence is Heidelberg.

title: Franziska van Almsick


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User talk:Deez

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Whosyourjudas (talk) 12:30, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Deez


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/UK Alfa 164 Model Register

UK Alfa 164 Model Register was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. 7 votes to delete. Postdlf 07:50, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

UK Alfa 164 Model Register
Appears to be a vanity page with no potential. SamH 12:31, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see how this could become encyclopedic. Not notable. jni 13:25, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: An auto club. Geogre 14:55, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity/ad-ish. No potential. Nadavspi 15:06, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I put the link on the Alfa Romeo 164 page where it belongs and might be useful, though the site isn't much at the moment.  --Ianb 16:34, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonnotable auto club. Wile E. Heresiarch 18:30, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 22:22 Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Sallins

Sallins  is a town in County Kildare, Ireland, situated 3.5 km north of the town centre of Naas, from which it is separated by the M7 motorway. Sallins is the anglicised name of Na Solláin which means "the willows".

In the Central Statistics Office census of 2022, Sallins had a population of 6,269 people, more than double the 2,922 inhabitants recorded in the 2002 census. It is the tenth largest settlement in Kildare and the 80th largest in Ireland. Sallins grew as a result of its position on both the Grand Canal and the Dublin to Cork railway line. Historically, the major employers in the town were Odlums Flour Mills and a meat factory, although both have now closed.

Theobald Wolfe Tone is buried near Sallins in Bodenstown graveyard. Each summer, Irish republicans of various political and paramilitary groupings congregate at Sallins to hold commemorations at Tone's grave.

History
Sallins developed as a village with the opening of the Grand Canal to traffic in 1779 and a passenger service in 1780.

In the last decades of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, Sallins was a popular spot for visitors to the grave of Wolfe Tone to congregate before marching to the gravesite. Many visitors would take the train from Dublin to Sallins and walk the 2.5 km to Tone's grave in Bodenstown.

On 31 March 1976, a Cork to Dublin mail train was robbed and approximately £200,000 was stolen at a small farm crossing on the main train line near Sallins.

In the 1990s and 2000s Sallins became a commuter town of Dublin. The population grew significantly and increased sevenfold between 1996 and 2022.

Transport
The village's railway station serves both Sallins itself and neighbouring Naas, as reflected in its official name of "Sallins and Naas". Originally named just "Sallins", it opened on 4 August 1846 and was the junction for the Tullow branch, which included the original Naas station. It closed in 1963, and was renamed Sallins & Naas upon re-opening in 1994, as part of the Kildare "Arrow" commuter rail project. A feeder bus operates between the station and the centre of Naas (Poplar Square & Post Office). The station was also the location for Ireland's largest train robbery - the so-called "Sallins Train Robbery" - which occurred on 31 March 1976. Several hundred thousand pounds were stolen from a Córas Iompair Éireann train. Several people were tried for the robbery and jailed and the case eventually was adjudged a significant miscarriage of justice.

Sport and amenities
Sallins GAA has its grounds in the centre of the village which include a championship sized pitch, a clubhouse, and dressing rooms. The GAA club has been in existence since 1885.

The village is also home to the soccer club Sallins Celtic, and the Sallins Dramatic Society.

The canal near the village is used for fishing and boating. The Leinster Aqueduct is situated nearby, mid-way along the canal between Sallins and Caragh. This is the point where the Grand Canal crosses the River Liffey. In 2015, a passenger boat service began operating offering cruise excursions to Leinster Aqueduct and Digby Lock.

Each year since 2004 during August, the Sallins Community Festival is held which includes some local activities, including a beauty contest called 'Queen of the Waterways'.

Sallins has one national (primary) school. As of 2020, Sallins National School (also known as St Laurences National School), had over 680 pupils enrolled.

title: Sallins


text: Category:1595 deaths

title: Category:1595 deaths


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Wikipedia:Spanish Translation of the Week

The Spanish Translation of the Week or SPATRA is a collaborative effort to translate worthy Spanish articles on subjects which may not otherwise have been addressed on the English Wikipedia. Anyone, no matter what their level of fluency in Spanish or English, is welcome to add their name to the list of translators and lend a hand.

The ideal selection is one which has reached feature article status at es:Wikipedia:Artículos destacados, but practically speaking can be any article that appears solid, accurate, and free of copyright issues. It is also preferable that there be no English article or only a basic stub.

Be bold in your translations and civil in your interactions with collaborators. If your language skills are less than perfect, someone will happily fix your mistakes; conversely, never hesitate to correct any mistakes you find. As for any Wikipedia article, expansion of the article with appropriate material is also welcome. More guidelines, such as the prohibition against pure machine translation, can be found at Translation into English.

Selecting the next SPATRA
The selection process involves three steps:
 * 1) Nomination: New nominations can be made at any time and should be added at the end of the Candidates for next week section. Insightful comments may assist others in casting their vote.
 * 2) Voting: To vote for an article, add your ~ under the article's support section. Any registered Wikipedian can vote on this page, regardless of their Spanish skill.
 * 3) Selection: The SPATRA is selected by approval voting; thus, you may vote for as many candidates as you like, and opposition votes have no bearing. The article with the most support votes is selected as the winner. In case of a tie, the candidate that was nominated first wins.

How to nominate an article
Note to contributors: To add a new nomination, please:
 * (1) Copy the template below
 * (2) Paste it at the bottom of the list of nominations
 * (3) Sign your user name with the directions in the template and add a comment for why the article should be nominated.
 * (4) Please preview your addition to make it sure all information is properly filled in and the links are working.

After nominating an article please place   on the article's talk page.

ARTICLE (Date, 2006)

 * from: es:Name of Spanish source article
 * Support:

 * Comments:

Preparing the SPATRA
To change to a newly selected article, first decomission the old SPATRA:
 * 1) Remove the  template at the top of the old article.
 * 2) Note the old translation in the archive.
 * 3) If appropriate, the article should be nominated as a featured article.

Now prepare the new article (the Spanish title replaces "Título"): Example using Capernaum and es:Cafarnaúm:
 * 1) Announce the new selection at Spanish Translation of the Week/current by replacing the old article with the new
 * 2) Copy and paste the entire Spanish article into the English article plus "/Translation" at the end of the article name.
 * 3) Add  to the top of the new article
 * 4) Cite the Spanish article in the references section with
 * 5) Link to the Spanish article by placing Título at the end of the article
 * 6) Link that Spanish article back to the English translation by placing  Title at the end of the Spanish article
 * 7) Finally, if the original article was a featured article in the Spanish Wikipedia, place  at the end and  at the top of the article's discussion page.
 * 1) ...es:Cafarnaúm to Capernaum...
 * 2) Capernaum/Translation
 * :es:Cafarnaúm
 * 1) Cafarnaúm
 * 2) Capernaum (in the Spanish article)
 * 3)  and
 * 1)  and

Alejandro Sanz (January 10, 2007)

 * from: es:Alejandro Sanz
 * Support:
 * 1) ShadowHalo 00:24, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Miggyb 00:12, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Istabo

 * Comments:
 * As it stands, the article doesn't even reach past the infobox.

Seville Fair (March 2, 2007)

 * from: es:Feria de Abril
 * Support:
 * 1) DO11.10 19:35, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Saeta 20:53, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Wafry 23:08, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) Malachirality 17:09, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) --Libertad y Saber (talk) 12:39, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 6) --Mao06[[Image:Full Star Blue.svg|20px]](talk) 16:50, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 7) --Góngora  (Talk) 10:03, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 8) Zifra (talk) 20:06, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 9) --User:Anual (talk) 10:01, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 10) --QuiRóH (talk) 22:02, 5 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Comments:
 * I was involved in the clean up of the stubby English version of this article. Recently a machine translation of the Spanish article (which *looks* to be quite comprehensive) was attempted by the Spanish article's primary author  User:Saeta (a.k.a es:Usuario:Lobillo) who clearly wants to expand the article and would surely be a great resource. Also, writing/translating the article should be both interesting and, well, fun.--DO11.10 19:35, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Mocedades de Rodrigo (April 1, 2007)

 * from: es:Mocedades de Rodrigo
 * Support:
 * 1) Fsotrain09 19:01, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Clay 06:39, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 3)  this name is also in use  03:08, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Comments:
 * Spanish Wikipedia artículo destacado which is quite lengthy and well-referenced, on a medieval topic that we don't seem to cover. -Fsotrain09 19:01, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Valencia, Carabobo 16:01, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * from: es:Valencia (Venezuela)
 * support
 * 1) Ief 16:01, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) JohnSmith678 21:26, 17 April 2017 (UTC) yes yes you preach it we need to edit this one. working on it soon...
 * comments
 * The English article is not complete at all; compared to the Spanish one.
 * Compared to other articles about cities of Venezuela (Caracas, Barquisimeto, Mérida, Mérida, Maracaibo for example) it is too poor.

Jerez de la Frontera (December 10, 2007)

 * from: es:Jerez de la Frontera
 * Support:
 * 1) Wafry (talk) 14:26, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) --Mao06[[Image:Full Star Blue.svg|20px]](talk) 16:50, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) --Saeta (talk) 20:06, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) --Góngora  (Talk) 10:07, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Comments:
 * The English article has a good article structure, but its almost blank, and the Spanish article is rated GOOD. Jerez is one of the most important cities in the South of Spain and probably deserved a better article than the current one.--Wafry (talk) 14:26, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Valladolid (December 26, 2007)

 * from: es:Valladolid
 * Support:
 * 1) Queninosta 16:54, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Rastrojo (talk) 16:56, 26 December 2007 (UTC) The same reasons as Queninosta
 * 3) --Kontrol Z (talk) 17:00, 26 December 2007 (UTC) Valladolid is very short and incomplete.
 * 4) --Netito777 (talk) 19:37, 28 December 2007 (UTC) Same reasons with Queninostra
 * 5) --Mushii (talk) 19:45, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 6) 85.85.73.136 (talk) 14:56, 29 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 7) --Góngora (Talk) 10:08, 31 December 2007 (UTC) I agree with the afore-mentioned reasons.
 * 8) --GringoInChile (talk) 10:47, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 9) --Sillyfolkboy (talk) 03:28, 3 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Comments:
 * Spanish article is rated Featured Article but the English one is not complete at all: it reads like a travel guide and hasn't any references.

Spain (April 17, 2017)

 * from: es:España
 * Support:
 * 1) JohnSmith678 21:22, 17 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Comments:
 * It is longer on the Spanish wiki so they must have more information we need.

Templates

 * Wikipedia:Spanish Translation of the Week/topic, a banner to announce the topic
 * SPATRAnom, a message to put on nominated articles talk-page.
 * SPATRAcite, a reference to the corresponding Spanish article that acknowledges the SPATRA project.
 * SPATRAvoter, a message to put on voter's/translator's user page.
 * There is no /removal page for this collaboration, because removed pages are listed at Translation into English/Spanish.

Spanish resources

 * Wikibooks:Spanish
 * Wikibooks:The Wrong Way To Learn Spanish
 * Spanish Wikiversity - Linguistics Department
 * wordreference.com - a really useful site with dictionaries, forums and conjugation of all verbs
 * Real Academia Española: - a Spanish dictionary
 * wordmagicsoft.com - very complete English<>Spanish Dictionary
 * Yahoo Online Spanish-English Dictionary - a very versatile Spanish<>English Dictionary. Searches most conjugations in both languages, includes some slang and idioms.
 * Spanish to English Translation Free Service
 * Online dictionary Spanish to English (or French, Italian) dictionary
 * Online translator Spanish to English (or French, Italian) translator
 * Spanish verb conjugation
 * - Today Translations offers Spanish translations inti any language around the world
 * - English to Spanish Website Translations
 * - Spanish Translation
 * - Freed Translations takes the Gamble out of Translations and offers Guaranteed Risk-Free Translations into Spanish and other language

Translation machines and dictionaries
Please use these sparingly! (See Machine translation.)
 * Altavista translator
 * Freetranslation translator
 * Diccionarios two free dictionary translations
 * Spanish Translation Software English Spanish Translation Software for Windows and mobile devices
 * Google Google language tools
 * Word Magic Software English Spanish Translator and Dictionaries
 * Free Translation Tool 1-800-Translate Language Tool
 * TheIdioms.com - Free online translation tools Spanish to English (or French, Italian) dictionary, Verb conjugation and text translation
 * Mobile Translation Software English Spanish Translation Software for Symbian S60 and Windows Mobile smartphones


text:
Theban Mapping Project

The Theban Mapping Project is an archaeological expedition devoted to Ancient Egypt. It was established in 1978 by the Egyptologist Dr. Kent R. Weeks at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1985, it was moved to the American University in Cairo. The Project's original goal was to create an archaeological map of the Valley of the Kings, and that was published as the Atlas of the Valley of the Kings in 2000. Since 2001, the Project has also developed a management plan for the Valley of the Kings, which is funded by the World Monuments Fund.

The website had not been online for several years, due to lack of funding. However, with new funds having been made available by the American Research Center in Egypt, it went online again in January 2021, with new features and data.

title: Theban Mapping Project


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Burrell Collection

The Burrell Collection is a museum in Glasgow, Scotland, managed by Glasgow Museums. It houses the art collection of Sir William Burrell and Constance, Lady Burrell. The museum opened in 1983 and reopened on 29 March 2022 following a major refurbishment. It was announced as the winner of the Art Fund Museum of the Year in July 2023. It is the only non-national museum to be the outright winner twice.

History
The eclectic collection was acquired over many years by Sir William Burrell, a wealthy Glasgow shipping magnate and art collector, and his wife Constance, Lady Burrell, who then gave it to the city of Glasgow Corporation in 1944. Throughout his collecting career, Burrell lent many of the works in his collection to special exhibitions and for display in museums. Sometime c. 1930, he decided that he was going to donate his entire collection to the public.

Burrell then began the process of finding a home for the remaining 6,000 items. He initially wanted it to go to London, which he saw as the centre of the art world. He approached the Westminster government with the idea that he would leave his collection to the nation as a separate government institution, like the Wallace Collection. Although the government took the offer seriously, it had more pressing wartime priorities. Burrell then approached London County Council with a similar offer. Negotiations got to an advanced stage, but in the end the cost of maintaining the collection proved too much and the offer was declined.

Burrell then turned to Glasgow. He had already gifted 48 paintings and 30 prints to the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in 1925, and much of his collection was already on semi-permanent display there, particularly the Chinese works. The museum had recently appointed Dr T. J. Honeyman as director, a man whom Burrell admired and trusted. His influence was instrumental in Burrell's final decision to offer his collection to the city of Glasgow.

Finding a home for the collection
A memorandum of agreement between William and Constance and the Corporation of Glasgow was signed in April 1944. Burrell had clear intentions regarding the collection's location, contents and display, and the agreement stated that the collection was to be housed by Glasgow Corporation "in a suitable distinct and separated building" that was to be "within four miles of Killearn, Stirlingshire, and not less than sixteen miles from Glasgow Royal exchange."

Burrell donated £450,000 for the construction of a museum for his collection, but finding a suitable site for it was not easy. The city had immediately started making investigations, and by the late 1940s, at least eight different sites were considered. Mugdock Castle Estate, near Milngavie, was seriously considered, even though it was much closer to Glasgow than the stipulated 16 mi. In 1951, the Dougalston estate, also near Milngavie, was gifted to Glasgow by the widow of a Glasgow shipbuilder on the condition that the Burrell Collection be constructed on the site. Preparations got to an advanced stage, but in 1955, the National Coal Board announced plans to sink a coal mine nearby. All plans for the Burrell Collection were abandoned and the collection remained in storage for many years.

The ideal solution finally arrived with the offer of Pollok House and its estate to the city of Glasgow. This was the ancestral home of the Stirling-Maxwells on the south side of Glasgow. It was only 3 miles from the city centre, but its 360 acre parkland made it an ideal rural setting that was within the spirit of Burrell's ambitions for his museum. After long and protracted negotiations, the government stepped in with financial support of £250,000 for the museum. In 1967, the Pollok estate was transferred to the city, and preparations to build the Burrell Collection finally got underway.

Building
In 1970, an architectural competition was launched to identify a suitable architect for the museum. The competition brief made it clear that whilst the competitors were to comply with Burrell's exacting conditions, they were at liberty to design "a fine modern building" which would make the most out of both the collection and the site. The closing date for the competition for the museum building in 1971 was delayed by a postal strike, allowing time for the eventual winning architect Barry Gasson to complete his entry, designed in collaboration with John Meunier and Brit Andresen, all tutors at Cambridge University's School of Architecture.

As the project progressed, the costs increased, and this jeopardized the museum. Glasgow Corporation approached the government for additional support. The Secretary of State for Scotland promised to meet 50 per cent of the estimated £9.6 million cost in recognition that the Burrell Collection was not just important for Glasgow, but was a national treasure that would benefit the country as a whole.

Construction work commenced on 3 May 1978 and continued over the next five years. The building was influenced by Scandinavian design. The architects used the orientation of the building to bring in as much natural light as possible, while still protecting the vulnerable parts of the collection. The integration of the building, its rural setting, and the collection was central to the architects' thinking, and the way in which the objects were built into the structure ensured that the museum became a part of the collection rather than simply being a space in which Burrell's objects were housed.

The building is L-shaped in plan and is tailored to house and display the collection, with larger pieces such as Romanesque doorways built into the structure, at the same time giving views out into the park over formal grassed areas to the south and into adjacent woodland to the north.

The entrance, through a 16th-century stone archway built into a modern red sandstone gable, leads to a shop and other facilities, then on to a central courtyard under a glazed roof, adjacent to the reconstructions of three rooms from the Burrells' home, Hutton Castle near Berwick-on-Tweed: the wood-panelled drawing room, hall, and dining room complete with their furnishings. Galleries on two levels house various smaller artefacts, over a basement storage level, and at the lower level a restaurant gives views over the lawn to the south.

The museum was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 21 October 1983. More than a million visitors passed through its doors in the first year, and the Burrell Collection quickly established itself as one of Glasgow's most-loved buildings. It was named as Scotland's second greatest post-war building (after Gillespie, Kidd & Coia's St Peter's Seminary, now derelict) in a poll of architects by Prospect magazine in 2005.

Awards for the original building
The Burrell Collection received the following awards after it first opened in 1983:

 * British Tourism Authority Come to Britain Trophy, 1984
 * Building Services Award for Energy Use, 1984,
 * National Heritage Scottish Museum of the Year Award, 1985
 * UK Museum of the Year Award, 1985
 * Sotheby's Award for the best Fine Art Museum, 1985
 * Civic Trust Award, 1985
 * Eternit Architecture Prize, 1985
 * Designer Award, Interior Design Category, 1986
 * International Academy of Architecture Gold Award, 1987

The building was awarded A-listed status by Historic Scotland in February 2013 in recognition of its position as one of the country's finest examples of 1970s architectural design.

2016–2022 refurbishment
In 2016, the museum was closed for refurbishments. The £68.25 million project aimed to repair the building, make it more sustainable, and increase gallery space. On 29 March 2022, the museum reopened to the public, with King Charles III visiting on 13 October 2022 to officially re-open the venue.

Awards following refurbishment
The Burrell Collection has received the following awards following the refurbishment in 2022:

 * British Construction Industry Awards, 2022, Cultural & Leisure Project of the Year
 * British Construction Industry Awards, 2022, Project of the Year Award
 * Façade Design and Engineering Awards, 2023, Project of the Year, Refurbishment
 * AJ Architecture Awards, 2022, Cultural Award
 * AJ Architecture Awards, 2022, Heritage Award
 * Cultural Enterprises Awards, 2023, Best shop
 * AJ Retrofit Awards, 2023, Cultural and Religious Building (£5 million and over)
 * Civic Trust Awards, 2023, Michael Middleton Special Award
 * Civic Trust Awards, 2023, Award
 * Art Fund Museum of the Year, 2023, Winner
 * Scottish Design Awards, 2023, Judges' Grand Prix Award
 * Scottish Design Awards, 2023, Gold Award: Design for Good
 * Scottish Design Awards, 2023, Gold Award: Architecture: Public Building
 * Scottish Design Awards, 2023, Gold Award: Moving Imagery Design
 * Scottish Design Awards, 2023, Gold Award: Experiential, Incorporating Audiovisual, Graphic and Object-based Displays
 * RIAS Architectural Heritage Award 2024

Collection
Containing over 9,000 objects, the Burrell contains an important collection of medieval art including stained glass and tapestries, oak furniture, medieval weapons and armour, Islamic art, artefacts from ancient Egypt and China, Impressionist works by Degas and Cézanne, modern sculpture and a host of other artefacts from around the world, all collected by Burrell. Paintings from five centuries and artworks spanning six millennia are found in the collection.

Chinese art
Burrell started collecting Chinese antiques c. 1910. He acquired items from all periods of Chinese history; including Neolithic burial urns, carved jades, porcelain from the Tang dynasty, bronze ritual vessels, earthenware figures, and antique furniture. The collection now includes one of the most significant holdings of Chinese art in the UK.

Islamic art
Islamic antiques donated by Burrell to the museum include: Hispano-Moresque lustreware, ceramics and carpets from Iran and the Mughal Empire, as well as embroideries and textiles from Turkey and Uzbekistan. One highlight is The Wagner Garden Carpet from 17th century Iran as one of the most remarkable garden carpets to have survived to the present.

Gothic art
The museum has a collection of religious art from the medieval period. This includes wood and stone sculptures, wooden church furnishings and architectural fragments. One of these items is the Temple Pyx.

Tapestries
The collection has over 200 tapestries and carpets.

Stained glass
The museum is home to more than 700 stained glass panels from across Europe in the collection, including many examples of Gothic, Renaissance, and Romanesque styles. Much of the glass has heraldic motifs.

In 2013, a project was commenced to conserve and research the museum's collection of stained glass from the Carmelite church at Boppard-am-Rhein, Germany. The 34 panels that make up the Burrell collection of Boppard windows have a combined surface area of 14 square metres.

French art
The collection includes an array of French art from Realist painting to Impressionism, including works by Bonvin, Boudin, Corot, Courbet, Daubigny, Daumier, Degas, Fantin-Latour, Manet and Millet.

Burrell had a particular appreciation for Degas and with more than 20 works by the artist. The museum now holds one of the greatest collections of Degas's works in the world.

Claims for Nazi-looted art
During the 1930s and 1940s, many artworks came onto the market as a result of forced auction sales of works belonging to Jewish collectors by the Nazis. Burrell acquired works from a number of dealers during this time. Although he was not aware of it at the time, subsequent research shows that a number of works originated from forced sales. Following the establishment of the UK government's Spoliation Advisory Panel in 2000, Glasgow Museums listed works from the Burrell Collection on the official spoliation website whose provenance had gaps between 1933 and 1945. This has enabled two cases to be successfully resolved by the Spoliation Advisory Panel:

 * A still life by Chardin from the sale of the stock of A. S. Drey, a Jewish-owned gallery in Munich. The panel agreed in 2004 that the painting had been subject to a forced sale and that it should be restituted to its rightful owners. The heirs accepted an ex gratia payment of £10,000 from Glasgow City Council and the painting remains in the collection.
 * A Swiss early 16th-century tapestry, The Visitation, from the collection of Emma Ranette Budge, a Jewish art collector from Hamburg, The panel concluded in 2014 that Burrell's acquisition was the result of a forced sale. Glasgow City Council agreed to make an ex gratia payment to Budge's Estate that reflected the current market value of the tapestry. In consideration of this payment, Budge's Estate released any claim over the tapestry and it remains in the collection.

Transport links
The nearest railway station to the Burrell Collection is Pollokshaws West (approximately a 10-minute walk), with trains to Glasgow Central normally operating four times per hour (three times an hour on Sundays).

Pollok House, administered by the National Trust for Scotland, is also situated in Pollok Country Park.

A free shuttle bus is also available, linking key points in the park from the Burrell Collection to Pollok House. One of the stops is located inside the park, nearby Pollokshaws Road, entrance and continues in a loop throughout the park.

title: Burrell Collection


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William Smellie

William Smellie may refer to:

 * William Smellie (encyclopedist) (1740–1795), Scottish encyclopedist
 * William Smellie (obstetrician) (1697–1763), obstetrician and the "father of British midwifery"
 * William Smellie (geologist) (1885–1973), Scottish geologist

title: William Smellie


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Wealden iron industry

The Wealden iron industry was located in the Weald of south-eastern England. It was formerly an important industry, producing a large proportion of the bar iron made in England in the 16th century and most British cannon until about 1770. Ironmaking in the Weald used ironstone from various clay beds, and was fuelled by charcoal made from trees in the heavily wooded landscape. The industry in the Weald declined when ironmaking began to be fuelled by coke made from coal, which does not occur accessibly in the area.

Resources
Iron ore in the form of siderite, commonly known as iron stone or historically as mine, occurs in patches or bands in the Cretaceous clays of the Weald. Differing qualities of ore were extracted and mixed by experienced smelters to give the best results. Sites of opencast quarries survive from the pre-Roman and Roman eras, but medieval ore extraction was mainly done by digging a series of minepits about five metres in diameter and up to twelve metres deep with material being winched up in baskets suspended from a wooden tripod. This was less destructive of the land as spoil from one pit was used to backfill the previous pit allowing continued land use.

The fuel for smelting was charcoal, which needed to be produced as close as possible to the smelting sites because it would crumble to dust if transported far by cart over rough tracks. Wood was also needed for pre-roasting the ore on open fires, a process which broke down the lumps or nodules and converted the carbonate into oxide. Large areas of woodland were available in the Weald and coppicing woodlands could provide a sustainable source of wood. Sustainable charcoal production for a post-medieval blast furnace required the timber production from a 3 mi radius of a furnace in a landscape that was a quarter to a third wooded. Forging and finishing of the iron from bloomeries and blast furnaces also required large quantities of charcoal and was usually carried out at a separate site.

Water power became important with the introduction of blast furnaces and finery forges in the late medieval period. Blast furnaces needed to operate continuously for as long as possible and a series of ponds were often created in a valley to give a sustainable flow for the waterwheel. A campaign, as the production run was known, usually ran from October through to late spring when streams began to dry up, although Lamberhurst Furnace driven by the River Teise ran continuously for more than three years in the 1740s. Finery forges with three or four waterwheels to drive bellows and hammers needed more water than a furnace at times, although continuity was not as important. They tended to be sited downstream from a furnace if they were in the same valley. Ponds were created by building a dam known as a pond bay, which often served as a road, across one of the many valleys in the undulating Wealden landscape. In 1754 one furnace was so drought-stricken that its manager considered hiring workmen to turn the wheel as a treadmill. This need for continuous water power was an incentive in the development of the water-returning engine, a waterwheel driven by water raised by a steam engine pump.

Prehistoric ironmaking
So far only about two dozen sites have been identified where iron was made before the Roman invasion, mostly scattered across East Sussex and the Vale of Kent. A large site at Broadfield, Crawley is the westernmost place where smelting has been ascertained, although there is a possible site associated with an Iron Age enclosure at Piper's Copse near Northchapel in the western Weald. Continuity of pottery styles from the Iron Age into the early Roman period makes precise dating of many sites to before or after the Roman conquest difficult. Carbon dating has identified a site at Cullinghurst Wood, Hartfield to between 350 and 750 BC.

During his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC Julius Caesar noted iron production near the coast, possibly at known sites at Sedlescombe and Crowhurst Park near Hastings.

Roman ironmaking
View of the 13th fairway of Beauport Park golf course, beneath which are remains of the Roman ironworks. Beauport Park, where evidence has been found of probably the third largest iron works in the whole Roman empire. The Romans made full use of the brown- and ochre-coloured stone in the Weald, and many of their roads there are the means of transport for the ore, and were extensively metalled with slag from iron smelting. The sites of about 113 bloomeries have been identified as Roman, mainly in East Sussex. The Weald was in this period one of the most important iron-producing regions in Roman Britain. Excavations at a few sites have produced tiles of the Classis Britannica, suggesting that they were actually run by, or were supplying iron to this Roman fleet. Total iron production has been estimated at 750 tons per year, but under 200 tons per year after 250 AD.

Medieval
The invasion and settlement of the Weald by Saxons seems to have brought a complete end to the Romano-British iron industry. No evidence of iron smelting has been found after the end of Roman rule until the ninth century when a primitive bloomery was built at Millbrook on Ashdown Forest, with a small hearth for reheating the blooms nearby. The date of this site has been established by radiocarbon and archaeomagnetic methods. The technology used there was similar to a slightly earlier furnace excavated in the eastern Netherlands, indicating that knowledge of Romano-British methods had been completely lost and replaced by the Saxons' own method. Evidence of forging of iron blooms in settlements close to the South Downs does indicate that smelting may have been going on at other undiscovered sites. It was usual for settlements concentrated along the Downs to have outlying parcels of land in the Weald for summer grazing. It is likely that smelting was carried out during the summer and the iron blooms taken back to the main settlement to work on in the winter.

In all some 30 unpowered medieval bloomery sites are known in the Weald, but most of these remain undated. Accounts survive of the operation of just one, at Tudeley near Tonbridge in the mid-14th century.

Powered bloomeries
From about the 14th century, water-power began to be applied to bloomeries, but fewer than ten such sites are suspected.

The introduction of the blast furnace
A new ironmaking process was devised in the Namur region of what is now Belgium in the 15th century. This spread to the pays de Bray on the eastern boundary of Normandy and then to the Weald. The new smelting process involved a blast furnace and finery forge. It was introduced in about 1490 at Queenstock in Buxted parish. The number of ironworks increased greatly from about 1540.

The mature industry
Nearly 180 sites in all were used for this process, having a furnace, a forge or both between the 15th century and 18th century. Waterpower was the means of operating the bellows in the blast furnaces and for operating bellows and helve hammers in finery forges. Scattered through the Weald are ponds still to be found called ’Furnace Pond’ or ’Hammer Pond’. The iron was used for making household utensils, nails and hinges; and for casting cannon. The first blast furnace was recorded at Buxted in 1490.

The industry was at its peak towards the end of Queen Elizabeth I's reign. Most works were small, but at Brenchley one ironmaster employed 200 men. Most of them would have been engaged in mining ore and cutting wood (for charcoal), as the actual ironworks only required a small workforce. The wars fought during the reign of Henry VIII increased the need for armaments, and the Weald became the centre of an armaments industry. Cast-iron cannon were made in the Weald from 1543 when Buxted's Ralf Hogge cast the first iron cannon for his unlikely employer: a Sussex vicar who was gunstonemaker to the king.

In the 16th century and the early 17th century, the Weald was a major source of iron for manufacture in London, peaking at over 9000 tons per year in the 1590s. However, after 1650, Wealden production became increasingly focused on the production of cannon; and bar iron was only produced for local consumption. This decline may have begun as early as the 1610s, when Midland ironware began to be sold in London. Certainly after Swedish iron began to be imported in large quantities after the Restoration, Wealden bar iron seems to have been unable to compete in the London market.

Cannon production was a major activity in the Weald until the end of the Seven Years' War, but a cut in the price paid by the Board of Ordnance drove several Wealden ironmasters into bankruptcy. They were unable to match the much lower price that was acceptable to the Scottish Carron Company, whose fuel was coke. A few ironworks continued operating on a very small scale. With no local source of mineral coal, the Wealden iron industry was unable to compete with the new coke-fired ironworks of the Industrial Revolution. The last to close was the forge at Ashburnham. Little survives of the furnace and forge buildings, although there are still scores of the industry's hammer and furnace ponds scattered throughout the Weald.

Steel production was never widespread in the Weald, with most high quality steel being imported from Spain, the Middle East, or Germany. A steel forge was built upstream from Newbridge Furnace on Ashdown Forest around 1505 but had ceased production by 1539. The Sydney family, with mills at Robertsbridge forge and at Sandhurst in Kent, produced steel using skilled German workers, but faced strong competition from German suppliers. In the 17th century a steel forge existed at Warbleton in Sussex.

St Paul's Cathedral
The Lamberhurst Foundry is believed to have been the maker in 1710–14 of some of the earliest cast-iron railings produced in England, which they made for St Paul's Cathedral, despite the objections of Christopher Wren, who did not want a fence around the Cathedral at all, and said that if there had to be one it should be of wrought rather than cast iron. The railings surrounded the cathedral, including seven gates. It weighed two hundred tons and cost six pence a pound. The total cost was £11,202. No further railings are known to have been cast in the Weald. Other early uses of cast iron railings were at Cambridge Senate House and at St Martin-in-the-Fields, London.

title: Wealden iron industry


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/The Ravaged

I can't see why they should be deleted... Even if they are a demo band they are still a band and why not let people know that they exist??

And also, they do seem to be very serious, because they have copyright of their name and protected their music, and the website does give a feel of a very serious band.

I'm NOT voting for deletion.

 * For future reference, you can discuss reasons for/against deletion on the votes for deletion page itsself instead of its talk page.
 * Wikipedia policy is to only list things that should be in an encyclopedia, which is what we're trying to make after all. There are tens if not hundreds of thousands of beginning bands, if each of them had an article here we'd be swamped and people wouldn't be able to find any of the content they actually come looking for. See also: Vanity page.
 * You cannot copyright a name by the way. A name can be trademarked which is expensive (but wouldn't help towards qualifying for a wikipedia article); Music, lyrics, recordings, and other creative works are automatically copyrighted under the Berne Convention upon creation. --fvw 13:00, 2004 Oct 20 (UTC)


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Nevis River

The Nevis River is in Otago, New Zealand. It flows north for 40 km through rough country before meeting the Kawarau River, of which it is a tributary. A prominent rock outcrop close to this junction is known as the Nevis Bluff.

The river was one of the sites of the Central Otago goldrush of the 1860s. Today, the region around the river is known for tourism and wine production. New Zealand's highest bungy jumping operation, the 134 m Nevis Highwire is above the river.

A Water Conservation Order protects the river for its wild and scenic character and for recreational use, especially fishing and kayaking. The Water Conservation Order made provision for damming the river for hydro-electric development. Fish and Game New Zealand applied to have this provision revoked and in 2013, after a public process with consideration by a special tribunal and the Environment Court, the Environment Minister decided to prevent damming of the river.

Nokomai patterned mire, in the upper catchment, is part of a relatively unmodified wetland on several square kilometres of the southern Garvie Mountains. It is possibly the largest such area in Australasia and is dominated by grasses, sedges and mosses, with shallow pools, small islands and clumps of low vegetation. The mire drains north via Roaring Lion Creek to the Nevis and south via Dome Burn to the Waikaia River. A small part of the mire is in the Nokomai catchment.

title: Nevis River


text:
Talk:Stan Musial

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:54, 10 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Musial, Stan.jpg

Categories
Hello y'all! I have noticed in the categories it says that Stan Musial is from both STL and Donora, PN. He isn't from St Louis. He only moved to STL when he was signed. So can somebody that is good with Wikipedia get rid of the categories that say "Sportspeople from STL county" and "Baseball players from St. Louis"? Thanks guys! Georgegod245 (talk) 15:20, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stan Musial


text: User talk:63.144.126.2

title: User talk:63.144.126.2


text: Category:1594 deaths

title: Category:1594 deaths


text:
Matukituki River

The Matukituki River is a short braided river in the Southern Alps of New Zealand's South Island. Both its West Branch and East Branch originate from the Main Divide mountain ranges near Mount Aspiring / Tititea. Their largely glacier-fed waters each flow for approximately 20 km before joining near Camerons Flat. After this confluence, the Matukituki River leaves the boundaries of Mount Aspiring National Park and continues for another 30 km to exit into Lake Wānaka at the lake's southwestern edge.

Six glaciers feed tributary streams to the Matukituki River, the largest being the Upper Volta Glacier, Rob Roy Glacier, Maud Francis Glacier, and the Avalanche Glacier.

From Camerons Flat onwards, the river is increasingly braided until it passes through a narrow gorge and under the West Wanaka bridge just before Lake Wānaka.

History
Most of the Southern Alps started over 220 million years ago as sediment and rock on top of volcanic rocks on the seafloor. Intense heat and pressure consolidated the rock, and then uplifted it to form the Main Divide. The present landscape was shaped by glacial processes during the ice ages, when huge glaciers filled and scoured out the valleys.

The area around Mount Aspiring, called Tititea by the Māori, has a long history of Māori tribes coming from as far as Coastal Otago and the Foveaux Strait to the inland lakes to collect kākāpō, kererū, kākā and tūī from the forest. Moa would have also have lived along the forest edges for the first 200 years of Māori settlement.

The historic Māori iwi (tribes) of Kāti Māmoe and Ngāi Tahu both had named settlements around the shores of Lakes Wānaka and Hāwea, including Nehenehe on the northern banks of the mouth of the Matukituki River, which they called "Mātakitaki". Ovens for cooking tī kōuka (cabbage tree) roots have been found at several sites on the lake shore. Ngāi Tahu kaumātua recorded Mātakitaki as a kāinga mahinga kai (food-gathering place) for tuna (eels), kāuru (cabbage tree root), and aruhe (bracken fernroot).

The first European to see Mount Aspiring was government surveyor John Turnbull Thompson in 1857. The West Matukituki Valley was explored by James Hector in 1862. Sheep and cattle farming began progressing up the valley in the 1870s.

Fauna and flora
Today, beech is the dominant forest in the Matukituki Valley. Red beech prefers warmer valley sites, and is common just below Aspiring Hut. Silver beech grows increasingly towards the wetter, western end of the valley, while mountain beech dominates the drier, eastern end. The understory of the typically open forests supports a variety of ferns and mosses. Above the tree line, at about 1100 m, stunted, sub-alpine shrub land gives way to alpine tussock grasslands and fell fields.

Insect-eating birds such as pīwakawaka, tomtit and rifleman thrive in the beech forest, whereas the seed-eating kākāriki specifically prefers areas of red beech. Paradise shelduck thrive on the river flats, and in summer, spur-winged plover and oystercatchers are a common sight on farmland and along the drive from Wānaka. The valley is also home to the kea, whio, South Island robin, rock wren, the South Island long tailed bat, and several species of lizards.

Tourism
The Matukituki River valley is home to a ski resort (Treble Cone), a jetboat operator (River Journeys) and numerous tramping (walking) trails providing access to landmarks such as the Rob Roy Glacier, the Dart Saddle, and the Cascade Saddle. The unsealed Wanaka - Mount Aspiring Road follows the river's true right for most of its course, past the confluence of the East Branch and West Branch, and part-way along the West Branch to a Department of Conservation NZ car park at the Raspberry Creek shelter.

The most popular walk in the area is the Rob Roy Glacier walk, which leads up a side valley to a view point beneath Rob Roy Glacier. The walking track crosses the Matukituki River West Branch over a swing bridge.

title: Matukituki River


text: Category:1526 births

title: Category:1526 births


text:
Talk:James Fitz-Allen Mitchell

Untitled
Isn't this confusing/combining the father and the son? The PM in the 80s & 90s was James "Son" Mitchell

James mktchell
What school did he attend 104.219.24.33 (talk) 17:19, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:James Fitz-Allen Mitchell


text: Category:1518 births

title: Category:1518 births


text: Talk:Polish

title: Talk:Polish


text:
M. P. Shiel

Matthew Phipps Shiell (21 July 1865 – 17 February 1947), known as M. P. Shiel, was a British writer, remembered mainly for supernatural horror and scientific romances. His work was published as serials, novels, and as short stories. The Purple Cloud (1901, revised 1929) remains his most often reprinted novel.

Caribbean background
Matthew Phipps Shiell was born on the island of Montserrat in the West Indies. His mother was Priscilla Ann Blake; his father was Matthew Dowdy Shiell, most likely the illegitimate child of an Irish Customs officer and a female slave. Shiell was educated at Harrison College, Barbados.

Early years in the UK
Shiell moved to England in 1885, eventually adopting Shiel as his pen name. After working as a teacher and translator, a series of his short stories began to be published in The Strand Magazine and other periodicals. His early literary reputation was based on two collections of short stories influenced by Poe published in the Keynote series by John Lane – Prince Zaleski (1895) and Shapes in the Fire (1896) – considered by some critics to be the most flamboyant works of the English decadent movement. His first novel was The Rajah's Sapphire (1896), based on a plot by William Thomas Stead, who probably hired Shiel to write the novel.

Serial publication
Shiel's popular reputation was made by another work for hire. This began as a serial contracted by Peter Keary (1865–1915), of C. Arthur Pearson Ltd, to capitalise on public interest in a crisis in China (which became known as the Scramble for Concessions).

The Empress of the Earth ran weekly in Short Stories from 5 February – 18 June 1898. The early chapters incorporated actual headline events as the crisis unfolded, and proved a success with the reading public. Pearson responded by ordering Shiel to double the length of the serial to 150,000 words, but Shiel cut it back by a third for the book version, which was rushed out that July as The Yellow Danger.

Some contemporary critics described this novel as a fictionalisation of Charles Henry Pearson's National Life and Character: A Forecast (1893). Shiel's Asian villain, Dr. Yen How, has been cited as a possible basis for Sax Rohmer's much better-known Dr. Fu Manchu. Dr. Yen How was probably based on the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), who had first gained fame in England in 1896 when he was kidnapped and imprisoned at the Chinese embassy in London until public outrage pressured the British government to demand his release. Similar kidnapping incidents occurred in several of Shiel's subsequent novels. The Yellow Danger was Shiel's most successful book during his lifetime. Shiel himself considered the novel hackwork, and seemed embarrassed by its success. It was a likely influence on H.G. Wells in The War in the Air (1908), Jack London in The Unparalleled Invasion (1910), and others.

His next novel was another serial contracted by Pearson to tie into the Spanish–American War. Contraband of War ran in Pearson's Weekly 7 May – 9 July 1898, again incorporating headline events into the serial as the war progressed. It was published as a book the following year.

Genre innovator
Around 1899–1900, Shiel conceived a loosely linked trilogy of novels which were described by David G. Hartwell in his introduction to the Gregg Press edition of The Purple Cloud as possibly the first future history series in science fiction. Each was linked by similar introductory frame purporting to show that the novels were visions of progressively more distant (or alternative?) futures glimpsed by a clairvoyant in a trance. Notebook I of the series had been plotted at least by 1898, but would not see print until published as The Last Miracle (1906). Notebook II became The Lord of the Sea (1901), which was recognised by contemporary readers as a critique of private ownership of land based on the theories of Henry George.

Shiel's lasting literary reputation is largely based on Notebook III of the series which was serialised in The Royal Magazine in abridged form before book publication that autumn as The Purple Cloud (1901). The Purple Cloud is an important text of early British science fiction, a dystopian, post-apocalytic novel that tells the tale of Adam Jeffson, who, returning alone from an expedition to the North Pole, discovers that a worldwide catastrophe has left him as the last man alive. Demonstrative of the speculative, philosophical impulse that pervades Shiel's work, The Purple Cloud engages with Victorian developments in the sciences of geology and biology, tending to home in on their dark sides of geological cataclysm and racial decline in keeping with what has been termed the fin-de-siècle 'apocalyptic imaginary', while ultimately putting forward a positive if unorthodox view of catastrophe.

Shiel had married a young Parisian-Spaniard, Carolina Garcia Gomez in 1898; she was the model for a character in Cold Steel (1900) and several short stories. (The Welsh author and mystic Arthur Machen and decadent poet Theodore Wratislaw were among the wedding guests.) They separated around 1903 and his daughter was taken to Spain after Lina's death around 1904. Shiel blamed the failure of the marriage on the interference of his mother-in-law, but money was at the heart of their problems. Shiel was caught between his desire to write high art and his need to produce more commercial fare. When his better efforts did not sell well, he was forced to seek more journalistic work, and began to collaborate with Louis Tracy on a series of romantic mystery novels, some published under Tracy's name, others under the pseudonyms Gordon Holmes and Robert Fraser. The last of their known collaborations appeared in 1911.

Edwardian times
In 1902, Shiel turned away from the more dramatic future war and science fiction themes which had dominated his early serial novels and began a series which have been described as his middle period romantic novels. The most interesting was the first, serialised as In Love's Whirlpool in Cassell's Saturday Journal, 14 May – 3 September 1902, and published in book form as The Weird o'It (1902). Shiel later described it as a "true Bible or Holy Book" for modern times, in which he had attempted to represent "Christianity in a radical way." This novel was far from hackwork, and besides apparent autobiographical elements (including a minor character based on Ernest Dowson with whom Shiel is rumoured to have roomed briefly in the 1890s), contains some of his finest writing, but it was not reprinted in England, nor formally published in America.

Shiel returned to contemporary themes in The Yellow Wave (1905), an historical novel about the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. The novel was a recasting of Romeo and Juliet into the ongoing war with leading families of the two nations standing in for the feuding Capulets and Montagues of Shakespeare's play. Shiel modelled his hero on Yoshio Markino (1874–1956), the Japanese artist and author who lived in London from 1897–1942. In February 1904, Shiel had offered to Peter Keary to go to the front as a war correspondent with letters of introduction from Markino. He may have met Markino through Arthur Ransome who dedicated Bohemia in London (1907) to Shiel and used him as the model for the chapter on "The Novelist."

Faced with declining sales of his books, Shiel tried to recapture the success of The Yellow Danger when China and Sun Yat-sen returned to the headlines during the Chinese Revolution of 1911–1912. Though a better novel in most respects, The Dragon (1913), serialised earlier that year as To Arms! and revised in 1929 as The Yellow Peril, failed to catch the public's interest. As the hero of the story had oddly predicted, Shiel turned away from novels for ten years.

1914 conviction for child molestation
It was once popularly believed that Shiel had spent time in prison for fraud; however, it was discovered in 2008 that in 1914 Shiel had actually been convicted under the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) for "indecently assaulting and carnally knowing" his 12-year-old de facto stepdaughter. Unrepentant, Shiel served sixteen months hard labour in prison, complaining to the Home Secretary about the law, though he assured his publisher Grant Richards in a letter that he had been treated well. Shiel's discussion of his crime is disingenuous; he conceals from Richards the identity of his victim in addition to misleading him about her age, and instead refers to "love-toyings" with an older girl on the cusp of maturity. Nor does Shiel mention that he had known both the girl and her mother's sisters long before his conviction, perhaps intimately, as contemporary letters from one of the sisters to Shiel suggest. Court records described Shiel as a "clerk and metal worker"; one of the witnesses was a metal worker and the records may have transposed some information. He appealed the conviction unsuccessfully.

The case was reported in The Vote, a weekly women's suffrage newspaper, on 4 December 1914 in its Protected Sex section. The article states that Shiel (misspelled as Sheil) denied the whole story and that the "case was remarkable for the philosophical discussions on sex" by Shiel who conducted his own defence. Shiel was described as having a "purient mind" [sic] by the presiding Judge, Mr Justice Coleridge. The article was rediscovered in 2019, 11 years after MacLeod's initial discovery.

It is too early to assess whether this new revelation about Shiel will have an impact upon his literary legacy. However, as Macleod argues in her essay, young heroines abound in Shiel's novels, where they are romanticised, idealised and sexualised through the eyes of the male author. She cites the example of the two-thousand-year-old Rachel in This Above All (1933), who is portrayed as part "child," part "harlot," part "saint", since she still inhabits the young girl's body she possessed when raised from the dead and thus rendered immortal by the Biblical Christ. Lazarus (also a 2,000-year-old immortal for the same reason) is warned ruefully against her: “If Rachel and you co-habit without some marriage-rite, you may see yourself in prison here in Europe, since it cannot be believed that she is as old as fourteen.”

Georgian times
Over the next decade Shiel wrote five plays, dabbled in radical politics and translated at least one, though probably more, pamphlets for the Workers Socialist Federation. In 1919, he married his second wife, Esther Lydia Jewson (née Furley) (August 16, 1872 – February 16, 1942). Esther Lydia's first husband was William Arthur Jewson (July 12, 1856 - April 26, 1914), a prominent musician who had been born in London and died of a heart attack. Shiel and Esther travelled in Italy in the early 1920s, probably living largely off her income, and separated around 1929, but did not divorce. The separation was precipitated by Shiel's sexual interest in and possible abuse of Esther Lydia's young female relatives. Shiel then lived at Harold's Cross, close to Esther Lydia's house, 'The Kiln' at Wisborough Green, West Sussex.

He returned to writing around 1922 and between 1923 and 1937 published a further ten or so books, as well as thorough revisions of five of his earlier novels. Shiel spent most of his last decade working on a "truer" translation of the Gospel of Luke with extensive commentary. He finished it, but half of the final draft was lost after his death in Chichester.

In 1931, Shiel met a young poet and bibliophile, John Gawsworth, who befriended him and helped him obtain a Civil List pension. Gawsworth talked Shiel into allowing him to complete several old story fragments, sometimes roping literary friends like Oswell Blakeston into helping. The results were largely unsuccessful, but Gawsworth used them as filler in various anthologies with his name prominently listed as co-author.

Redonda: the legend of the kingdom
As King Felipe, Shiel was purportedly the king of Redonda, a small uninhabited rocky island in the West Indies, situated a short distance northwest of the island of Montserrat, where Shiel was born.

The Redonda legend was probably created out of his imagination by Shiel himself and was first mentioned publicly in a 1929 booklet advertising the reissue of four of his novels by Victor Gollancz Ltd. According to the story Shiel told, he was crowned King of Redonda on his 15th birthday in 1880. However, there is little evidence that Shiel took these claims seriously. His biographer, Harold Billings, speculates that the story may have been an intentional hoax foisted on the gullible press. At this late date, verifying or discrediting the story may be impossible.

On his death, John Gawsworth became both his literary executor and his appointed heir to the "kingdom". Gawsworth took the legend of Redonda to heart. He never lost an opportunity to further elaborate the tale and spread the story to the press. Gawsworth supposedly kept the ashes of Shiel "in a biscuit tin on the mantelpiece, putting a pinch in the stew for special guests."

Legacy
Excluding the collaborations with Tracy, Shiel published over 30 books, including 25 novels and various collections of short stories, essays and poems. Arkham House issued two posthumous collections, Xelucha and Others (1975) and Prince Zaleski and Cummings King Monk (1977). The Purple Cloud remains his best known and most reprinted novel. It has been variously described as both a neglected masterpiece and the best of all Last Man novels. It was credited as the loose inspiration for the film, The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1959), starring Harry Belafonte, Inger Stevens, and Mel Ferrer. Stephen King cited it as an influence on his novel The Stand.

Some of the short stories continue to be reprinted,    but many of his other novels, including the middle period romantics, have been nearly forgotten. As of January 1, 2018, all of the works published during Shiel's lifetime have entered the public domain in the United Kingdom and all other countries with a copyright term of Life of the Author plus 70 years.

Novels

 * The Rajah's Sapphire (1896), with uncredited W. T. Stead
 * An American Emperor: The Story of the Fourth Estate of France (1897), uncredited, with Louis Tracy
 * The Yellow Danger (1898); full title The Yellow Danger; Or, what Might Happen in the Division of the Chinese Empire Should Estrange All European Countries, serialised 1898 as The Empress of the Earth: The Tale of the Yellow War; issued in the U.S. 1898 as China in Arms, 1899 revised as The Yellow Danger: The Story of the World's Greatest War
 * Contraband of War (1899)
 * Cold Steel (1899, revised 1929)
 * The Man-Stealers (1900)
 * The Lord of the Sea (1901, revised 1924), plotted as Notebook II
 * The Purple Cloud (1901, revised 1929), serialised 1901 as Notebook III
 * The Weird o' It (1902), serialised 1902 as In Love's Whirlpool
 * Unto the Third Generation (1903)
 * The Evil That Men Do (1904)
 * The Lost Viol (1905)
 * The Yellow Wave (1905) – non-fantastic, based on the contemporary Russo-Japanese War
 * The Last Miracle (1906, revised 1929), plotted by 1898 as Notebook I
 * The White Wedding (1908)
 * The Isle of Lies (1909)
 * This Knot of Life (1909)
 * The Dragon (1913), serialised 1913 as To Arms!, revised as The Yellow Peril (1929) – another Yellow Peril fiction
 * Children of the Wind (1923)
 * How the Old Woman Got Home (1927)
 * Dr. Krasinski's Secret (1929)
 * The Black Box (1930)
 * Say Au R'Voir But Not Goodbye (1933)
 * This Above All (1933), reissued as Above All Else (1943)
 * The Young Men Are Coming! (1937)
 * The New King (1981), alternately entitled The Splendid Devil, written c. 1934–45

Short story collections

 * Prince Zaleski (1895)
 * "The Race of Orven", "The Stone of the Edmundsbury Monks", "The S.S."
 * Shapes in the Fire: Being a Mid-Winter's Nights Entertainment in Two Parts and an Interlude (1896)
 * "Xélucha", "Maria in the Rose-Bush", "Vaila", "Premier and Maker (An Essay)", "Tulsah", "The Serpent Ship" (poem), "Phorfor"
 * The Pale Ape and Other Pulses (1911)
 * "The Pale Ape", "The Case of Euphemia Raphash", the three-part "Cummings King Monk", "A Bundle of Letters", "Huguenin's Wife", "Many a Tear", "The House of Sounds" (revision of "Vaila"), "The Spectre Ship", "The Great King", "The Bride"
 * Here Comes the Lady (1928)
 * "The Tale of Hugh and Agatha", "The Tale of Henry and Rowena", "The Tale of Gaston and Mathilde", "No. 16 Brook Street", "The Tale of One in Two", "The Tale of Charley and Barbara", "The Bell of St. Sépulcre", "The Primate of the Rose", "The Corner in Cotton", "Dark Lot of One Saul", "The Tale of Adam and Hannah"
 * The Invisible Voices (1935)
 * "The Panel Day", "The Adore Day", "The Rock Day (The Vulture's Rock)", "The Diary Day", "The Cat Day", "The Lion Day", "The Place of Pain Day", "The Vengeance Day", "The Venetian Day", "The Future Day", "The Goat Day"
 * The Best Short Stories of M. P. Shiel (1948)
 * "The Race of Orven", "The Stone of the Edmundsbury Monks", "The S.S.", "Xélucha", "Vaila", "Tulsah", "Phorfor", "Huguenin's Wife", "Monk Wakes an Echo", "The Bride", "Dark Lot of One Saul", "The Primate of the Rose"
 * Xelucha and Others (1975)
 * Prince Zaleski and Cummings King Monk (1977)
 * The Empress of the Earth; The Purple Could; and Some Short Stories (1979)
 * The Works of M. P. Shiel Vol. I, Writings – offprints of the original periodical editions, with period illustrations; The Empress of the Earth was the original serial version of The Yellow Danger; stories from 1893–1911: "Guy Harkaway's Substitute", "The Eagle's Crag", "A Puzzling Case", "Huguenin's Wife", "The Case of Euphemia Raphash", "Wayward Love", "The Spectre Ship", "The Secret Panel", "A Night in Venice", "The Battle of Waterloo", "Ben", "The Bride", "Many a Tear", "Miche", "A Good Thing"
 * Xélucha and The Primate of the Rose  (1994)
 * Xélucha, The Primate of the Rose
 * The House of Sounds and Others (2005)
 * "Xélucha", "The Pale Ape", "The Case of Euphemia Raphash", "Huguenin's Wife", "The House of Sounds", "The Great King", "The Bride", "The Purple Cloud", "Vaila"

Short stories

 * "The Race of Orven" (1895)
 * "The S.S." (1895)
 * "The Stone of the Edmundsbury Monks" (1895)
 * "Xélucha" (1896)
 * "Vaila" (1896)
 * "Huguenin's Wife" (1895)
 * "A Shot at the Sun" (1903)
 * "The Case of Euphemia Raphash" (1911)
 * "The Pale Ape" (1911)
 * "The House of Sounds" (1911)
 * "The Great King" (1911)
 * "The Bride (short story)|The Bride" (1911)
 * "The Place of Pain" (1914)
 * "The Primate of the Rose" (1928))
 * "The Flying Cat" (1932)
 * "A Night in Venice" (1932)
 * "Dark Lot of One Saul" (1933)
 * "The Globe of Gold-Fish" (1934)
 * "How Life Climbs" (1934)
 * "The Purchester Instrument" (1935)
 * "The Death Dance" (1935)
 * "At the Eleventh House" (1935)
 * "The 'Master'" (1936)
 * "Dr. Todor Karadji" (1936)
 * "The Mystery of The Red Road" (1936)
 * "The Hanging of Ernest Clark (1936)

Miscellaneous works

 * Richard's Shilling Selections from Edwardian Poets – M. P. Shiel (1936)
 * Science, Life and Literature (1950), essays, with a Foreword by John Gawsworth

title: M. P. Shiel