text:
Same-sex marriage in Alberta

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Alberta since July 20, 2005 upon the granting of royal assent to the federal Civil Marriage Act. Alberta was one of the four Canadian provinces and territories where same-sex marriage had not been legalised before the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act, along with Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Adult interdependent relationship
Since 2003, same-sex couples have had access to adult interdependent relationships, providing some of the rights and benefits of marriage. This includes alimony, health care benefits, inheritance, domestic violence protection, etc.

Civil Marriage Act
On June 28, 2005, the House of Commons of Canada passed the Civil Marriage Act, an act which defines Canadian civil marriage as a union between "two persons". The bill received royal assent by Deputy Governor General Beverley McLachlin a few weeks later and went into effect on July 20, 2005. Premier Ralph Klein responded by saying that the Alberta Government might opt to stop solemnizing marriages entirely, suggesting that in its place, the government would issue civil union licences to both opposite-sex and same-sex couples. Religious groups could still solemnize opposite-sex unions as marriages, but any civil ceremony would be permitted to recognize only a civil union. The Alberta Government also considered continuing to issue marriage licences to opposite-sex couples only in court, on the grounds that the federal government's legislation encroached on the provincial government's jurisdiction over the solemnization of marriage. In December 2004, Klein had suggested conducting a nationwide referendum on the legalisation of same-sex marriage, but this was opposed by Prime Minister Paul Martin, saying that "that this is an issue that Parliamentarians ought to decide". Klein stated, "In this province, my feeling is the majority -- and I don't know what the percentage of the majority is -- but the majority of people are opposed to same-sex marriage. And I represent the people of this province."

On July 12, 2005, Klein conceded that the advice given to him by legal experts was that a challenge in court to refuse to marry same-sex couples had no chance, and wasting taxpayers' money to fight it would be "giving false hope". Klein said, "much to our chagrin", the Alberta Government would issue marriage licences to same-sex couples when the bill received royal assent. Klein also said that the Alberta Government would enact provincial legislation to protect religious and civil officials who do not wish to perform a same-sex marriage. This would have meant that an Alberta marriage commissioner who refused to solemnize same-sex marriages would not be liable for dismissal on those grounds. However, no such legislation was passed, indicative of the "sea change" in attitudes towards same-sex marriage in Alberta. This mirrored similar developments in the neighbouring province of Saskatchewan where courts have twice struck down attempts to exempt marriage commissioners from performing same-sex weddings.

The first same-sex couple to receive a marriage licence in Alberta were Keenan Carley and Robert Bradford in Edmonton just hours after the Act received royal assent on July 20. The couple had to wait until provincial officials instructed all registry offices to issue marriage licences to same-sex couples, and until the licence forms were changed from stating "Bride" and "Groom" to "Partner 1" and "Partner 2". The couple said, "It's wonderful feeling to know that it can finally be official. [...] It means that when we do have that ceremony, it will be legal, that we will be recognized as a married couple by the province of Alberta and the government of Canada. And that's a great thing."

Marriage Act
The position of Premier Ralph Klein and the Progressive Conservative government had been to attempt to block same-sex marriages in Alberta should a court case require it or federal legislation pass it nationwide. On March 16, 2000, the Legislative Assembly of Alberta passed Bill 202 which amended the provincial Marriage Act to include a heterosexual-only definition of marriage. The bill also invoked the Notwithstanding Clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This insulated the Marriage Act from any legal challenge based on violation of Charter rights, including the Section 15 equality guarantees. Under the terms of the Notwithstanding Clause, such a declaration is effective for only five years after it comes into force. For the Marriage Act, this period expired on March 23, 2005. Premier Klein sent mixed messages about whether it would be renewed; ultimately, it was not. The Minister of Government Services, Ty Lund, tabled a report at the conservative caucus on April 4, 2005, stating that the federal government, not the provinces, has the exclusive jurisdiction to define marriage. The report further stated that if Alberta renewed the declaration in the Act by using the Notwithstanding Clause, the "government would be needlessly wasting time and money". While the act could not have been challenged under the Charter, the definition of marriage is outside the power of the provincial government, or ultra vires, and therefore invalid. The Constitution Act, 1867 is universally interpreted as giving provinces jurisdiction over only the solemnization of marriage, while all other aspects, including capacity to marry, are under federal jurisdiction. At the time Bill 202 was passed, Justice Minister Dave Hancock did not support it, saying: "In terms of legal effect, I'm convinced it doesn't have any." Hancock subsequently stated that he believed the act to be constitutionally valid and that Alberta would attempt to uphold it. Following the December 9, 2004 Supreme Court response to the federal reference of same-sex marriage, Hancock's successor, Ron Stevens, conceded that the Bill 202 amendments to the Marriage Act would likely be struck down as unconstitutional on account of its encroachment into what had by then been explicitly ruled a matter of federal jurisdiction. In December 2004, Canadians for Equal Marriage said they were considering filing a court challenge to legalise same-sex marriage in Alberta, similar to what had happened in other provinces and territories, "The essence of the challenge is going to be discrimination based on sexual orientation. They suggest marriage continues to be between a man and a woman, when the Supreme Court and other jurisdictions have stated very clearly otherwise." Michael Phair, a member of the Edmonton City Council, said, "We are tired of being bullied. It is an outrage, and it is nothing but bias and revenge to force us to go to the courts to get what everyone else has in this country."

In May 2014, the Legislative Assembly amended the Marriage Act to remove the Bill 202 amendments added in 2000, to replace references to "husband and wife" with the gender-neutral term "spouses", and to add "or spouse" in section 8(2), nine years after same-sex marriage became legal in Alberta. Several other acts were amended in a similar way. The legislation received royal assent by Lieutenant Governor Donald Ethell on 14 May. Section 8 of the Act states that each of the parties shall, in the presence of the marriage commissioner and the witnesses, declare: "I call on those persons present to witness that I,______________, do take you,______________, to be my lawful wedded wife (or husband, or spouse). [RSA 2000 cM‑5 s8(2)]"

Adoption Act
Same-sex couples have been allowed to adopt their stepchildren since 1999. In February 2007, same-sex couples won the right to adopt children jointly.

Two-spirit marriages
While there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a Western perspective being performed in First Nations cultures, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. Many of these cultures recognised two-spirit individuals who were born male but wore women's clothing and performed everyday household work and artistic handiwork which were regarded as belonging to the feminine sphere. This two-spirit status allowed for marriages between two biological males or two biological females to be performed in some of these tribes.

Among the Plains Cree people, two-spirit individuals were regarded as "esteemed persons with special spiritual powers" and were "noted shamans". They are known in their language as iyîhkwêw (ᐃᔩᐦᑫᐧᐤ, ). It was likely that they were able to marry cisgender men, though David G. Mandelbaum reported in 1940 that an iyîhkwêw named Clawed Woman had remained unmarried her entire life. The Nakoda people refer to two-spirit individuals as wîyâkte, or also as wanârî nûba. They carried out women's work in the community and married men. In the Blackfoot language, two-spirit people are known as ááwowáakii (ᖳᖶᖷᖽ, ).

Marriage statistics
2,485 same-sex couples married in Alberta from 2005 to 2014. The 2016 Canadian census showed that there were 6,110 same-sex couples living in Alberta.

Religious performance
In July 2019, the synod of the Anglican Church of Canada passed a resolution known as "A Word to the Church", allowing its dioceses to choose whether to perform same-sex marriages. A few days after the vote, Bishop Jane Alexander of the Diocese of Edmonton issued a pastoral letter authorising clergy in the diocese to officiate at same-sex marriages. The measure includes a freedom of conscience clause for clergy opposed to performing the marriages. The Diocese of Calgary does not perform same-sex marriages. In October 2017, the diocesan synod voted by a 57.4% majority to request Bishop Greg Kerr-Wilson to permit parishes to bless civil same-sex marriages, but the diocese still does not bless or perform same-sex marriages as of 2024. The Diocese of Athabasca, encompassing northern Alberta, likewise does not perform same-sex marriages.

Public opinion
An EKOS/CBC poll in 2002 indicated that attitudes towards same-sex marriage were more supportive in Alberta than they were in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, both of which had recognized same-sex marriage earlier. A June 2003 survey by Ipsos-Reid, conducted a few weeks after same-sex marriage was legalized in Ontario, showed that 57% of Albertans opposed same-sex marriage, while 41% supported it. Opposition was higher among older people (77%) than middle-aged people (60%) and younger people (41%), higher among men (63%) than women (51%), and higher among people living in rural areas (65%) than people living in urban areas (45%). An Ipsos-Reid poll conducted in August 2005 showed that 56% of Albertans remained opposed to same-sex marriage.

An October 2011 poll conducted by the Citizen Society Research Lab at Lethbridge College found that 72.1% of Albertans supported same-sex marriage, while 27.9% were opposed, a big change in comparison to 2005 when a majority of residents opposed it.

title: Same-sex marriage in Alberta


text:
Talk:Changtse

Timeline
Need to confirm first reconnaissance as 1924. May have occurred later during 1930's expeditions from North.

Solo ascent
Who did the first solo ascent? Taks in 1982 or Casassa in 1983? Did Taks had climbing-mates? --PietJay (talk) 05:39, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Changtse


text:
Paul Jones Semmes

Paul Jones Semmes (June 4, 1815 – July 10, 1863) was a banker, businessman, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Early life
Semmes was born at Montford's Plantation in Wilkes County, Georgia. He was a cousin of future Confederate naval hero, CSS Alabama Captain Raphael Semmes. His half-brother, Albert Gallatin Semmes, later became an associate justice of the Florida Supreme Court. Paul Semmes was educated at the Beman School in Hancock County. He attended the University of Virginia and became a banker and planter in Wilkes County, Georgia. He was elected commander of the Georgia Militia 1st Brigade of the 4th Division in 1837 and held that commission until 1840 when he moved to Columbus, Georgia. His business endeavors flourished and he became one of Columbus's most prominent citizens. From 1846 to 1861, he served as a captain in the Georgia militia. He was the author of the 1855 manual, Infantry Tactics. In 1860, Governor Joseph E. Brown appointed Semmes as quartermaster general for the state and authorized him to handle all military purchases. In August 1860 Semmes was appointed Brigadier General of the Knights of the Golden Circle.

Civil War
After the start of the Civil War, Semmes was appointed colonel of the 2nd Georgia Infantry. He was promoted to brigadier general on March 11, 1862. During the Peninsula Campaign, he was a brigade commander in Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's Corps in the defense of Richmond. Rushed northward at the start of the Maryland Campaign, Semmes's brigade rejoined the Army of Northern Virginia in the division of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws just as it was entering Maryland. His men participated in the holding action at Crampton's Gap during the Battle of South Mountain. At Sharpsburg, Semmes's brigade was a key part of General McLaws's strong counterattack that stunned the Union II Corps. In early November, his brigade was reorganized so that it only contained Georgia regiments. Held in reserve at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Semmes's reconstituted brigade served well at Chancellorsville, where it blunted the advance of an entire VI Corps division, and at Salem Church.

Death and legacy
Semmes was mortally wounded in the thigh while leading a charge across the Wheatfield at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863. He died eight days later in Martinsburg, West Virginia, and was buried in Linwood Cemetery (Columbus, Georgia). Shortly before his death, Semmes told a war correspondent, "I consider it a privilege to die for my country." The last letter that he wrote to his wife may be seen in the online collection of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.

General Robert E. Lee lamented Semmes's untimely loss, writing that he "died as he had lived, discharging the highest duty of a patriot with devotion that never faltered and courage that shrank from no danger."

title: Paul Jones Semmes


text:
User talk:Mike Halterman/archive9

This archive is for notes addressed to me, written from September 9 to September 26, 2004.

Adminship notes, however, were addressed to me as early as September 7.

You're an admin!
I'm pleased to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. Congratulations!. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | Talk 02:27, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Praise be to heaven! A real, live user who actually gives a golly-gosh-darn about this project is an admin with a record number of votes!  Way to go, pal o'mine!  Landslide victories rule!  First task:  Maintain block on you-know who.  Ambi can fill you in.  CONGRATULATIONS!!!! - Lucky 6.9 04:37, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * You and I both agree on that damned pedophilia thing, but the reason I nominated it is that it's been speedied before. Just so ya know.  :^) - Lucky 6.9 04:46, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, pal. I put the notice back on it. - Lucky 6.9 04:50, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations, Mike! Wow, 64 supporting votes, that's certainly the most I've ever seen! —Stormie 05:13, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Hi. Thanks. RFC? Dunno it went, it came back, I think it's still gone. Netoholic seems to have rubbed several people up the wrong way recently. His silly poll comes to an end soon. Mintguy (T) 08:07, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Congrats again, Mike, and Thanks for the note on my Talk Page. You don't have to worry about that incident anymore, it's well in the past.  Compared to the growing pains I went through as a new user, that was pretty tame.  Great to have you onboard as an admin, and I'm sure you'll do a bang-up job. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 14:05, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Holy cow, congratulations! (Though, ahem, I'm not sure a 64-2 vote exactly establishes consensus ;-) You're very welcome for the vote; supporting your adminship was a no-brainer. --Diberri | Talk 17:48, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Congrats on the adminitude. RickK 19:12, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations -- proceed in defense of NPOV and good faith, and the blessings of the free world will go with you. :-) One bit of advice -- before I used any specific admin power for the first time, I always consulted with a few old hands to get their read on things.  It saved me a lot of grief in my first few months as an admin, so I usually suggest it to new admins -- perhaps it will help.  And thanks for your hard work here -- I don't know what we'd do without you, but it would be less than we do now. :-) Jwrosenzweig 19:47, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations, Mike ! Your 64 votes were very impressive. :-) No need to thank me. You deserve it.  -- PFHLai 09:46, 2004 Sep 8 (UTC)

Congratulations from me too!--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 15:38, Sep 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeh, Nice one.--Crestville 18:01, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Just adding another to the list of congratulations on a well-deserved admin position. Thanks for your note as well. ffirehorse 23:51, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

AMC
Let me think about it. RickK 06:01, Sep 9, 2004 (UTC)

He's back
I am done. That fucktarded Bandit is back for more via 64.252.166.113 and already the things are being formatted. No more, thank you very much. I've busted my hump over this godforsaken site for the last time. - Lucky 6.9 23:55, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

support
Thanks for the note Mike! Yes, I meant what I said: I'm quite impressed with the quality of work you do here. On another note, I sure do wish I could come to one of the Wikimeets (like the one in Tampa) but alas I don't live in Florida any more... :-) Wikipedia has become my favorite pastime when I have time to myself these days.  Oh, and hello from a fellow Geography nerd (it's actually what I do for a living these days)  Be well and happy editing, Antandrus 00:39, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Rollback on User talk:Mr. Treason
All I can say is.. wtf!?! You hit rollback and what happened?? —Stormie 04:41, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * That is astonishingly weird and I have no idea how it could have happened?! —Stormie 04:50, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Strange things happen on the internet, especially if you use Windows and IE (do you?) But it seems (to me, anyway) really unlikely that this guy could have done something which would cause that to happen when you rolled back his edit. Maybe coincidental timing? Maybe your computer was already 0wned and this just happened to happen when you were dealing with a vandal here? —Stormie 04:57, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * No. It couldn't be. Mr. Treason must've had something to do with it. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 05:02, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * It's very odd. But what you reverted was a blanked page.. and while I'm willing to believe that there could potentially be security holes in the MediaWiki software that might allow malicious HTML to be inserted into an article, there was nothing weird on this page..
 * Slap it on the Help desk, maybe? —Stormie 05:05, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * All I can say is that it's probably not coming from Wikipedia. My guess is your machine was compromised by spyware or viruses beforehand and the timing of activation was coincidental, or possibly triggered by some keyword.

 * The reason User talk:Mr. Treason was blank when you tried to post on it was because he blanked it again. Brion VIBBER tried looking into it, but you left before giving any information he could work with. Adam Bishop guessed that it was being triggered from some other browser window.

 * Coincidences happen every day, and I don't see any reason to believe that Mr. Treason has used amazing h4xx0r powers to compromise your machine himself. Dump IE if you haven't, and run some virus scanners and spyware removal tools. You're giving the idiot jerk too much credit. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:08, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

After blanking
I hate dramatics, and I know I'm doing it right now, but I'm fed up. I need time away.

 * If you need a break, take a break.. better to fade away (temporarily) than to burn out (permanently). —Stormie 05:30, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Mike. I did try to talk with you once on your Talk page, but it's easy to miss a message. Anyway, I'm sure you're a fine admin, but I also think you're very right to walk away now. Even small-scale users like me can sometimes get a lot of crap in this place — shredding of texts you've worked on, trolls jumpin out at you from the undrgrowth, ungraciousness — and I'm sure it's ten times worse when you're an admin. Well, I know it is, I've seen it happen. Welcome back when you come back, Mike. *(I hope college is turning out better than you feared it might.) Bish 09:22, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Stormie's thoughts above are good, IMHO. We all have our breaking points, and if you're burned out - for whatever reason - by all means, please take a break!  Congratulations on being named a sysop, BTW.  Thanks for your note to me.  I'd like to talk about some mutual concerns in the future with you down the road.  But no hurry for now.  --avnative 13:42, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Not sure what all the fuss is about, I just dropped by to say that I'm cancelling the Tampa meetup; it was going to just be the two of us anyway, and since I just got home from a 2 week trip abroad, and have been working nonstop since I got home, I really need to have some family time this weekend. I hope whatever caused your burnout feels better soon -- we call need a WikiVacation sometimes, the trolls can really start to get you down.  Jimbo Wales 12:33, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Hope to see you back soon. Don't take it too personal.--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 13:31, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * You're welcome, and enjoy your break. -- Merovingian [[Image:Atombomb.gif|]] Talk  04:53, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Take a break and come back soon... [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 04:55, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh no. I'm really sorry to see this. Take a break if you need to, but I do hope you'll come back soon. You've done a lot of great work here, and it'd be a real shame to see you go. Feel free to email me if you want. Ambi 07:29, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Come back A.S.A.P, you are an invaluable member of the wikipedia community Arminius 07:35, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Yes! You're back! [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 20:37, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC) Wonderful to see you back, Mike! Glad you are still around the Wiki. . . (smile)  --avnative 02:03, Sep 12, 2004 (UTC)

wikiflorida
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/wikiflorida/ 22:12, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Greetings! Thanks for the invite to the Florida wikimeet; small-timer though I am, I would have definitely shown, but Frances left me without power for over a week and I didn't see it in time. Hope to make it if one's ever rescheduled. Mindspillage 01:33, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Got your message
I just left word on your e-mail. Are you back here...? - Lucky 6.9 00:41, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Done. Check your e-mail if you haven't yet. :^) - Lucky 6.9 00:52, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

FOJ
FOJ means Friend of Jill. It's the group of actors she hires to act (and now direct) on every soap she helms (i.e. John Bolger, Kale Browne, Linda Dano, Robin Christopher, &c.) Juppiter 10:18, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (television)
Perhaps you would like to run a proper poll on this page, now that the previous silly poll is nearly at an end. May I suggest that you leave room for people who might think of other ideas, or people who would care for a more ad-hoc approach. Mintguy (T) 15:55, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * As you can see I decided to start the poll myself. I would be grateful if you could help nurse it through though. Mintguy (T) 18:46, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Does the simplified poll meet with your approval? The alternative is even more complicated than my old one was. Mintguy (T) 03:27, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Great. BTW the proposed alternative is at User:Gtrmp/TV draft poll Mintguy (T)

I'm suprised to see no vote from you yet. There are a number of people who would like to see the poll at User:Gtrmp/TV draft poll used instead. Mintguy (T) 21:51, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry. It's just I thought you were keen to sort it out. Mintguy (T)

Re: Support
You're entirely welcome. Sorry I've not been very responsive of late, I've been snowed under at work and stuff. Hope all is well with you, and congrats! :o) — OwenBlacker 16:23, Sep 12, 2004 (UTC)

Please help de-confuse. Mintguy (T) 18:44, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Joke
I'm sorry, Mike H. It was one of those things where I said to myself this is too funny to pass up, but obviously I should have passed it up. I give you carte blanche to mercilessly make fun of me throughout Wikipedia. :) func(talk) 19:44, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Mt Treason
Don't bother trying to block him, he uses a multitude of aol proxies plus other IP's and you will catch innocents. As soo as you are sure it's him, just rollback everything he edits. Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 19:50, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your support for my adminship. Jayjg 16:45, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Trauma
I suspect that the lack of trauma is most likely secondary to insufficient effort. But watch out for carpal tunnel syndrome. - Nunh-huh 00:26, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Ice down anything that's throbbing and you should be fine  - Nunh-huh 00:42, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

At least you won't be able to say Wikipedia didn't warn you of TMS. - Nunh-huh 00:52, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Oh. You meant your back... - Nunh-huh 00:58, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

And, without a back, it's hard to stand up. Studies show. - Nunh-huh 01:24, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Nonsense! Ask any jellyfish! - Nunh-huh 01:35, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Blair
As to Blair: it's a tough job, but someone's got to do it. Myself, I'd call Jo a little mannish, but I think she's she's a motorcycle, two cats, a girlfriend and a pair of Doc Martens short of "butch dyke". Any ref to Margaret Cho is good though. - Nunh-huh 03:59, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Back, sorta
Yo, Mike. Since I have a great deal of time invested in other articles, I'm planning on turning my attention to them and staying right the hell off of "newpages." The Bandit's apparently been quiet for awhile. If he stays that way, perfect. If not, I'd just as soon not know. Feel free to drop me an e-mail since I am greatly limiting my time spent on this site. Based on your last e-mail, it would seem you're doing likewise. :^) Thanks for everything, pal. - Lucky 6.9 05:20, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Thanks again for your support of my adminship. – Andre ( talk ) 17:27, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Mr treason
You can't block AOL proxy IP's indefinately like that :-(Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 00:38, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Replied on my talk page Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 00:44, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

CEASE THE AGGRESSION AGAINST ME NOW, YOU FAT FAGGOTY FUCK-UP! YOU'RE UGLY AS SIN! YOU DON'T KNOW SHIT ABOUT ANYTHING! MORONIC AS HELL! AND YOU'VE GOT AN EGO THE SIZE OF YOUR FAT ASS! PLUS, YOU'RE QUEERER THAN RICHARD SIMMONS 69'ING RUPAUL! JUST BECAUSE YOU'RE ONE SAD EXCUSE FOR A HUMAN BEING, PLAGUED BY DISORDERS--MENTAL, PHYSICAL, AND EMOTIONAL--I AM NOT GOING TO GO EASY ON YOU ONCE WE MEET IN A NEWARK COURT OF LAW!

 * Kiss my fat, faggoty ass. Mike H 01:26, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

I would love to get this moron into a court of law. His ignorance of the law is astounding, (and why does he believe that little Newark is going to scare anyone?) func(talk) 02:32, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You sure do get the most interesting vandalism, TCoL. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:12, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I was being a little trollish with the guy. As a Philadelphian, I am within my rights to call Newark little, but in truth, it is a fair-sized city. ;-) func(talk) 05:26, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey, I'm originally from Los Angeles. That be big.  This throb from "Joisey" is just too funny.  Yo, Treason!  Newark is close to New York City.  Have you ever thought of crossing the Hudson, spending some time in the Big Apple and basically getting a life?  What a tool. - Lucky 6.9 00:24, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

frances fisher
wow, you're quick. awesome. i've just been trolling through the dead-end pages looking for stuff to wikify. and i'm finding out that dead-end pages have a pretty good chance of either needing cleanup or deletion. so, i'm just tagging those as i go along wikifying. thanks. Wolfman 00:38, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

My bad
I messed up on FOX News, must be more careful. Sorry. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  00:26, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

personal attacks
oh, he deserved it. neutrality and his funny little jokes about 3 million dead--Xed 00:33, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Images
The upload log tells me that lately you're uploading files as .BMP and not .JPG, the latter being a format that can lead to smaller file sizes. According to Uploading images:

 * The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images [and] PNG for drawings and other iconic images.

Thanks. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 02:16, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, just click on the links above. That snippy enough for you? :-) [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 03:00, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * When you transfer the pics from the camera to your computer you can convert to jpg then. If you are using windows open the bmp in Paint, click save as, and select jpg as the format. if you are using linux do a save as in the Gimp. Theresa Knott (taketh no rest) 20:31, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

thanks
Thanks for the birthday wishes. I'm 54. RickK 20:20, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, I'm old. Shuddp. :) RickK 22:43, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

Blocking
will you please take care with autoblocking - twice today I've had to unblock myself, which is a nuisance since I have to revert most of the Shangri la blocks to find the one which is blocking me. jimfbleak 07:53, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Old business?
It may be old business by now, but I left a note that might be of interest at Talk:Judy Lewis - Nunh-huh 04:39, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mike Halterman/archive9


text:
Lloyd's List

Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is now published digitally.

Also known simply as The List, it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a source of information for merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment on Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. It continues to provide this information in addition to marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law information, and shipping news.

History
The earliest form of Lloyd's List was estimated by some to have begun by 1692. One historian, Michael Palmer, wrote that: "No later than January 1692, Lloyd began publishing a weekly newsletter, ‘Ships Arrived at and Departed from several Ports of England, as I have Account of them in London... [and] An Account of what English Shipping and Foreign Ships for England, I hear of in Foreign Ports’". Around that time, Lloyd’s News was published three times a week with no particular emphasis on shipping from 1696 to 1697. However, claims that Lloyd's List is the oldest continuously published newspaper in the world are disputed. The World Association of Newspapers lists several earlier, extant titles.

Thomas Jemson inherited Lloyd's Coffee House in 1727 and founded the Lloyd's List that is known today when he launched a weekly shipping intelligence publication. Publication was weekly until March 1735, then twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, according to Palmer. In 1769, the coffee house moved to Pope's Head Alley and from there, the New Lloyd’s List began, according to Lloyd's Register. The paper was published every day except Sundays from 1 July 1837. In July 1884, Lloyd's List merged with the Shipping and Mercantile Gazette.

Lloyd's List has spawned several spin-off titles, including sister title Insurance Day.

In 2009, Lloyd's List went through a major re-design that encompassed both the masthead and the newspaper itself. Between 2011 and 2017, a Lloyd’s List operated a mobile app. Beginning in 2013, Lloyd's List was published in digital format only, as it was found that fewer than 2% of customers used the print version.

In 2022, Informa sold Lloyd's List to Montagu Private Equity. The business was then reorganised as Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited.

title: Lloyd's List


text:
User:Kunzite

Articles to do
Clean and source:
 * Saint Malo, Louisiana
 * | Harper's Weekly March, 31 1883 Lafcadio Hearn article on St. Malo.
 * |Lafcadio Hearn Article reprint]
 * Violet Blair Janin
 * Chalmette Monument

Code snipets

 * Seiyu maker:
 * kanji
 * kanji and name are the most needed. Kanji will link to the ja wiki where other info can be pulled.

Articles created or expandeded

 * Camp Leroy Johnson
 * Seiyu -- translated a few sections on history
 * Nerima Daikon Brothers -- Japanese Musical Anime
 * Tsugi Takano -- Japanese author
 * Angela Sommer-Bodenburg -- German author

title: User:Kunzite


text:
Jörg Schlaich

Jörg Schlaich (17 October 1934 – 4 September 2021 ) was a German structural engineer and is known internationally for his ground-breaking work in the creative design of bridges, long-span roofs, and other complex structures. He was a co-founder of the structural engineering and consulting firm Schlaich Bergermann Partner.

He was the brother of the architect Brigitte Schlaich Peterhans.

Early career
Jörg Schlaich studied architecture and civil engineering from 1953 to 1955 at Stuttgart University before completing his studies at the Technical University of Berlin in 1959. He spent 1959 and 1960 at the Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, United States.

In 1963, he joined the firm Leonhardt & Andrä, the firm founded by Fritz Leonhardt.

Later career
Schlaich was made a partner and was responsible for the Alster-Schwimmhalle in Hamburg, and more importantly, the Olympic Stadium in Munich. He stayed with the firm until 1969.

In 1974 he became an academic at Stuttgart University, and in 1980 he founded his own firm, Schlaich Bergermann Partner.

In 1993, with the roof of the Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion (since 2023 MHPArena) in Stuttgart, he introduced the "speichenrad" principle to structural engineering. Indeed, this principle was employed for the first time in the history of Structural Engineering by the Italian engineer Massimo Majowiecki, the designer of the roof of the Olympic Stadium, Rome (built in 1990, three years before the Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion). Since then, his company has successfully employed it in stadium projects across the globe. Other structures include the observation tower at the Killesbergpark in Stuttgart. Most of his work as well of that of his company is documented on their website. He was also the developer of the solar tower (or solar chimney) and is largely credited with inventing the strut and tie model for reinforced concrete.

title: Jörg Schlaich


text:
Ted Forrest

Ted Forrest (born September 24, 1964) is an American professional poker player, currently residing in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Tournament wins
In 1992, Forrest won two tournaments at the LA Poker Classic and one at the World Poker Finals in Mashantucket. Forrest won three bracelets at the 1993 World Series of Poker (WSOP). After the mid-1990s, Forrest turned his attention full-time to cash games. He made a triumphant return to the WSOP by winning two bracelets at the 2004 World Series of Poker. Since then he has moved his focus from seven card stud to hold 'em with some success, including reaching five final tables on the World Poker Tour and winning a championship on the Professional Poker Tour.

Forrest competed in the second season of Poker Superstars Invitational Tournament, where he advanced to the quarter-final stage. He did not fare as well in season three, being mathematically eliminated early in the preliminaries. He played in the first two seasons of the GSN series High Stakes Poker.

In March 2006, Forrest won the annual National Heads-Up Poker Championship, defeating (in order) Erik Seidel, Chad Brown, Ernie Dureck, Sam Farha, Shahram Sheikhan and Chris Ferguson to win the $500,000 first prize.

Continuing with his history of tournament success, in March 2007 Ted won the Bay 101 Shooting Stars Tournament, outlasting J. J. Liu in the longest heads up duel in World Poker Tour history. For the victory, Forrest collected the first prize of $1,100,000.

In June 2014 Ted defeated notable poker player Phil Hellmuth in the final table of the WSOP Razz event, bringing his total number of WSOP bracelets to six.

As of August 7, 2015, his total live tournament winnings exceed $6,200,000. His 31 cashes as the WSOP account for $1,922,990 of those winnings.

Strategy differentiation
Forrest's no-limit Texas hold 'em strategy vastly differs from that of many other established pros who believe that pre-flop one should always raise or fold, Forrest has repeatedly stated and demonstrated in his play, that limping, or simply calling a raise, is not a bad play and should be frequently employed.

Andy Beal Showdown
Forrest is well known as a competitive high-stakes gambler. He has been a key part of a consortium of poker players who pooled their money together to play Texas billionaire Andy Beal in a series of very high limit, heads-up, Texas hold 'em games, with limits ranging anywhere from $20,000/$40,000 to $100,000/$200,000.

World Series of Poker bracelets
Forrest's first three bracelets were stolen. He gave one of the remaining two to his daughter; and has the other locked away. Ted also owns one WSOP championship bracelet that formerly belonged to Hamid Dastmalchi, which he purchased from Dastmalchi after the 1992 World Series of Poker world champion complained that the bracelet wasn't worth what the Binion family claimed. Hamid told him, “They say it’s worth $5,000, but I’d take $1,500 for it” to which Forrest replied "Sold" and tossed him three $500 chips.

Bad check charges
In September 2016, Forrest was charged in the Las Vegas Justice Court with two felonies: drawing and passing a check without sufficient funds with the intent to defraud, and theft.

title: Ted Forrest


text:
Louis H. Schwitzer

Louis H. Schwitzer (February 29, 1880 – May 9, 1967) was an American engineer.

Engineering career

Schwitzer was influential in designing hydraulics for use in bus transportation. He also pioneered improvements in automotive cooling fans, water pumps and oil pumps, and the turbocharger. Schwitzer made a fortune in business and became a philanthropist. The Student Center at the University of Indianapolis bears his name, as did a women's dormitory at nearby Butler University.

Racing career
Schwitzer also competed in a few early automobile races. As a driver, Schwitzer won the first event held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, a five-mile race on August 19, 1909. He is known to have started five races at IMS during 1909 and 1910. He also drove relief, for Harry Cobe, in the first Indianapolis 500. Schwitzer served on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Technical Committee from 1912 through 1945.

Legacy
In recognition of Schwitzer's contributions to the early developmental history of American motorsports, the Louis H. Schwitzer Award for Design Innovation is presented annually after each running of the Indianapolis 500.

In 1970, Schwitzer was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame.

Schwitzer is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.

title: Louis H. Schwitzer


text:
Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge

The Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge is an award of the United States Army that was issued during the Second World War. The badge created for the Women Airforce Service Pilots, or WASP (not WASPs, because the acronym already includes the plural "Pilots"), was awarded to more than a thousand women who had qualified for employment as civilian, non-combat pilots of military aircraft used by the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. The first wings were privately and hastily designed and paid for out of the pockets of Floyd Odlum and his wife, Jacqueline Cochran, who in 1942 became the head of WASP. The first seven classes of WASP flight school graduates in 1943 were issued silver wings with a central shield-shaped escutcheon, with the class number engraved on it. On the scroll above the shield, where the 999th appears, was the squadron number of the Training Command. The first two classes were marked with the 319th, and thereafter the 318th for the remaining five classes in 1943. Classes graduating in 1944 and thereafter were issued the newly designed official Army Air Forces WASP wings with a diamond-shaped lozenge in the center. Unlike the earlier WASP wing design, with its central shield-shaped escutcheon, the new silver badge conformed to heraldic tradition by incorporating a lozenge centered between two wings. In heraldic usage, a lozenge is the traditional shape of a woman's coat of arms. It is said to have been selected for its resemblance to the shape of the shield carried by Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, weaving, crafts, and war. This design was used until the deactivation of WASP in December 1944. There were no more WASP wings authorized after that.

Following the 1947 creation of the United States Air Force, the next appearance of women Air Force pilots was in the 1970s, at which time all Air Force pilots were authorized to wear the same wing badge.

title: Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge


text:
Talk:Arabic name

Section on Arabic Christian Names
Doesn't seem to be good Arabic. Eg, Abdul Yasu is given as "servant of Jesus" but elsewhere in the article it's explained that Abu is "servant of" and Abdul is "servant of the." "Servant of the Jesus" doesn't seem correct, although Arabic grammar may be different here. Similarly, Yasu isn't Jesus: Isa is. Perhaps this section is written in some dialect like Egyptian or Lebanese Arabic? -LlywelynII (talk) 05:46, 16 July 2009 (UTC) Isa is the Muslim name for Jesus whereas Yasu' is the christian equivalent. As to Abdul it can mean servant or even slave.

Also the current edit says that Christian Arabs do not use the name Muhammad. This isn't true, I have met Christian Arabs named Muhammad before. I suggest that the sentence should be changed to say that Islamic names are rare among Christian Arabs, rather than saying they do not exist. DruidODurham (talk) 16:07, 24 July 2009 (UTC) I agree that that many Christians in Arab countries use Arabic names that may have islamic connotations like Mohammed or Ali. I think that there are probably two categories of names in Arabic (my concept) one is names that are widely used and are neutral in terms of religion, such as Nabil, and others such as above.

 * LlywelynII, Abu means "father of", and Abdul means "servant of". Ratibgreat (talk) 08:20, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

I was thinking that the name "George" is actually Arabic (or at least Semitic) in origin. Certainly, St. George was born in the Levant and my understanding is that he has been much revered since pre-Islamic times, and the wikipedia entry on him suggests that he is highly regarded even among the Muslims in the Middle East as well. Can someone who has more authoritative knowledge on this matter provide some input on this? 71.226.118.10 (talk) 05:42, 4 June 2012 (UTC) St George is calle Mari Girgis by Coptic christians.

A Few changes
I've edited a few things in this article; most of my edits were slight changes to make the information more accurate. However, I think I need to explain my edits to the last section:
 * The dropping "bin" prefix issue is very true, but it is not only present in Iraq; actually I think it is more prsent in Iraq (despite Saddam Hussian's name) than in other places. It is just considered old form to use "bin" nowadays.
 * The "Abu" usage is not restricted to Palestians, and is in no way an indication to them. It just happens that people in groups like Hamas try to use aliases rather than real names, originally for their security. Other parts of the Arab world use this kind of aliases as much as Palestians, but in less official circumstances.

 * As an aside, bint was originally a British Forces slang word for a girl, which has now passed into general English usage. The word is not obscene, merely perhaps a little reproving, and quite charmingly old-fashioned.
 * Nuttyskin 06:36, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It might depend on where you are in the world but in my experience in the UK bint is definitely obscene. It may not be the worst thing you could call a woman but it's still insulting. Which is annoying because I came here to find the female equivalent of ibn for an MMO character I'm creating and now I have to choose between historical accuracy and risking getting banned for an offensive name. Danikat (talk) 10:14, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Help needed with spelling
Which one is the correct or preferred spelling in English: Hussein Hanoun Al-Saadi or Hussein Hanoun al-Saadi? From this article, it seems the latter is better. I'll request to move the page if necessary. Cheers. --Edcolins 20:39, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Please reply on Talk:Hussein Hanoun Al-Saadi, not here. The discussion is taking place there. --Edcolins 07:47, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Also look at Arabic naming conventions. -Fsotrain09 17:05, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * You can spell it either way. You can spell it Hussayn Hanoon Alsaadi if you want, just so long as the name isn't usually spelt in Roman lettering. The capitalised definite article looks a bit old-fashioned; then again, Hanoun always looks too French colonial for my taste, but it's quite standard.
 * Nuttyskin 06:41, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

As with many names containing the letter 'ain, ع, it is sometimes useful to introduce a glottal catch which could be written as Al sa'adi.AbuZumara56 (talk) 19:49, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Kunya
A Kunya is the Arabic equivalent to a roman cognomen, not the father's name.

An Arabic name project
I'd like to start a project, and I'm not sure where, but I thought I'd bring it up here.

As many of you know, there is no one standard way of transliterating from Arabic to Roman letters. So "Mohammed", "Mohammad", and "Mohamed", and "Muhammad" are all quasi-correct ways of spelling the prophet's name in English language texts. This can be quite a hassle on Wikipedia.

It seems to me that three things are needed.
 * 1) We need people to provide the names in for Arab figures. For instance, Abu Sayyaf (organization), Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (poet), and Taif (city) are lacking their names written out in Arabic. If I can get some volunteers, I'll try to collect a list of articles that need this.
 * 2) We need to see if we can agree on some sort of standard spelling for Arabic articles on Wikipedia. For instance the "El" in Mohamed ElBaradei and the "al" in Mohammed Atta al Sayed are spelled the same in Arabic letters, but are translated differently in English. Is there a reason for this? (Both people are Egyptian.) If we can agree on a standard, then we can move articles to standard names (with redirects, of course).
 * 3) We need to make sure we have proper redirects for alternate spellings for Arabic articles. For instance, if someone looks up Muhammad Atta, this needs to redirect to Mohammed Atta al Sayed. This can be confusing. Doing a little Googling, I found that the most common spellings for Mohammed are "Mohammed", "Mohammad", "Muhammad", and "Mohamed". (This applies to the Prophet as well as other people with this name.) The common spellings for Abdullah are "Abdullah", "Abdallah", and "Abdulla". "Mohammad Naif", and "Muhammad Nayef" (Sultan Nayef of Gandamatto), Etc.

If I can get some volunteers, I'll try to organize a project. Who's in? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 15:24, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) Me. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 15:24, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I was going to start making the Naming conventions (Arabic) policy, so I think I have a lot to contribute and many ideas that could help. 500LL 21:11, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Okay, looks like it's just us. Discussion moved to Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Arabic). – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 16:58, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * None of this is necessary. You can spell any Arabic name anyway you want in English, so establishing a "right" way to spell it is counter-productive. All that's needed are a few Disambiguation pages so people can tell Muhammad Ali from Muhammad Ali and Muhammad Ali from Muhammad Ali, and a few intelligent search pages to redirect people.
 * Nuttyskin 06:52, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

About maghrebi names
The article says that maghrebi names are influenced by Berber and French. That is true about Berber but definitly wrong about French I have never heard of any ethnic Arab or ethnic Berber Algerian, Morrocan or Tunisian with a French sounding name. Occasionaly you can hear a French or Spanish sounding nickname. North African Jews had French sounding first names, but they have all immigrated to France or Israel, and very few are left in the Maghreb (if any at all).

French vulcanologist Haroun Tazieff
I removed French vulcanologist Haroun Tazieff from the list of non-Muslims because his father was actually a Muslim, which is why he gave his son a Muslim name.

Last section with the family tree is totally wrong
The last section contains two major errors. One is that when an Arabic woman gets married her second (last) name is NOT changed, women keep their last names. Second is the example given where the woman's name changes to: something Abdul. Classic mistake, Abdul is not a name, it's part of a name it literally means "servant of" and must be followed by a name of God. Someone may be called Abdul-Rahman (more accurately Abd-el-Rahman). I made two adjustments, Yasmin gets to keep her name, and Abdul is renamed Adel.

Arabic Family Naming Convention
I have completly changed the paragraph under this section, because the previous section was completly wrong. I put in the actual naming conventions... so let me know if you see anything wrong.

Let me know if you have any questions

128.61.43.11 03:42, 22 May 2006 (UTC)Ayyad

the Tughra or Sultan's monogram was a specifically Turkish (Oghuz Turkic) invention, and was likely derived from the design of the "tamgha"s (brands) of the Oghuz (Turkmen) tribes, although it used arabic calligraphy. AFAIK the Tughra reads "al-muZaffar" not just "muZaffar"

see Enc. of Islam II "Tughra"

86.16.113.121 06:39, 2 July 2006 (UTC)ybgursey@yahoo.com

"The daughter also follows the same custom but after marriage she takes her husband's first name as her second part of her name"

I think there's some error here .. what I know is that women don't change their name after marriage in arabic traditions/hisory (even now in most arabic countries) ... ie she keeps her original name, this is true before and after islam .. if somebody can correct this in the original article, it would be nice .. or if it's true can some examples of famous characters be given (on the other hand, every famous woman in arabic or islamic history I am aware of, is example to support what I stated)

Thanks --86.16.113.121 (UTC)

Your right about the fact that the woman that gets married actually keeps her name. I tried fixing that before, but apparantly someone changed it back to the old WRONG version, again if you have any issues with what is up there talk over it over here first.

03:43, 24 August 2006 (UTC)Ayyad

I'm wondering about the idea that people don't name children exactly after their relatives. I had the impression, in Syria at least, that it was common to name the first born son after his grandfather. In fact, I knew 15 year old boys who called each other "abu so-and-so" because it was just assumed that when they did have a son their son would have that name. Jennie77 (talk) 17:31, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

list of given names
I put the list of given names in table format; while I was doing that, I noticed that one of the entries ended with "[more]", suggesting that it was pasted from some other webpage. Hm. —Tamfang 17:41, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
 * That is a sure possibility as with many things on WP. Eric Wester 16:02, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Is this right?
So, if I'm understanding this right, in Arabic, you don't have a name (in the Western sense) so much as a title? What I mean is, my name, Robert, technically means something ("bright fame") but that meaning is basically academic at this point because the word itself has no meaning in English. This article, OTOH, seems to suggest that Arabic names are kind of long title-type names, where each word of the name still has modern, relevant meaning in Arabic. IOW, if we used such practices in the West, I would be addressed as "Bright Fame." Correct? RobertM525 (talk) 20:32, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Are you saying it can't be a realio trulio name unless it's unintelligible in the current language? I really don't think that would hold up well across cultures.  In particular, what about the culture that coined the name Robert (or Hrothbearht or whatever it was)?  —Tamfang (talk) 05:39, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Arabic names exhibit the same variety you find in English names. Not all Arabic names are intelligible to people living in 2008, although many are. Common Arabic names such as Ibrahim, Yoseph, Meriam and the like originate from proto-semitic languages that are no longer spoken and hence mean nothing in everyday life. In all Arabic countries you will come across names that are derived from the languages that were spoken thousands of year ago but mean nothing today. So in summary, there are names like "Joy", "Biff", and "Happy" but there are also names like "Robert", "John", and "Mike". But even in the "Joy" case, most people do not think of the underlying meaning of the name in their everyday life. Anyway, I'm seeing several errors in this article but I'll correct those later. - Anonymous.

Some suggested wording changes
"Sometimes Muslim or otherwise Arabic names are used by people who are not Muslims or even have origins in the Middle East." Change "not Muslims or even" to "neither Muslim nor".

"...despite the fact that their families may have resided outside Egypt for several generations." Shorten it to "...even people who's families have reside outside Egypt for generations."

"spelt" is a type of wheat. Change it to "spelled".

"Abu Karim is a kunya, Muhammad..." Replace the "," with a ";" or break the run-on into two sentences with ". " Do similarly with the rest of this extreme run-on sentence.

"Most Afghans speak Iranian languages." Instead of saying that most Afghans speak Iranian languages, should you say they speak forms/variation/dialects (whatever word is appropriate) of Persian?

"In Afghanistan and, persons claiming to be related to the prophet are called Sayeds,..." You may have meant to say "In Afghanistan, persons claiming to be related to the prophet are called Sayeds,..".

Yes, I break the rule and place punctuation outside the quotation marks for good reason. If it is not part of the quoted material, it should not be inside the quotation marks. And the sentence containing the quotation needs its own punctuation. I appeal to the grammar rule makers to change the rule.

I nit-pic sentences in Wikipedia, but I am sypathetic the the authors who likely don't have proof readers until after their words are posted.

Thank you for your Wikipedia entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.5.245.62 (talk) 22:02, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * For future reference: create a new section on a Talk page by clicking "new section" at the top, and write the section title in the small box that appears above the main editing panel. —Tamfang (talk) 01:15, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Biblical names: I have always understood Ilyas to to Elias, not Elijah. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.22.236.230 (talk) 15:36, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Elias is a Greek version of Elijah. —Tamfang (talk) 19:35, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

Exclusively Christian names
At this part of section, Issa is actually a name used in the Arab World, mostly in Arabian Gulf, it means Jesus and is clearly used in the Qur'an. I don't know where to put that, in the "exclusivly christian names" between brackets or the table above and remove the cell where Yassou is put (i.e. to not repeat the entry) .. I am not sure.

However, I am writing a note at the end of this section for the time being.

93.144.131.197 (talk) 22:24, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's correct to say "mostly in the Arabian Gulf", that is far from accurate. The name is used by both Christians and Muslims. Muslims do not use Yassou' but it is used by Christians; I would not consider Issa to be an exclusive Christian name, and I would not remove Yassou' from the list because this one is indeed exclusively used by Christians. --Maha Odeh (talk) 06:49, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Idris, Antun, Iskander, obviously Mustafa and Qaiser are all also Muslim Arabic names - I know family friends and relatives who self identify themselves as Muslim but have those names. This alone disproves the credibility of that completely unsoiurced table. There was also a reply above about someone who knows a Christian named Muhammed, so I believe arguably there are no exclusive names - at least not any more. Also there isn't a table for exclusively Muslim names (if there are any even) which makes me question the bias of this article also. I will remove the table until as I believe all it's information is incorrect, as per wikipedia rules for unsourced material. Please amend it and remove bias by making one for exclusive muslim names too. Here it is for anyone who wants to fix it:

 * Exclusively Christian names:

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Arabic name ! English name
 * Andraous, Idris
 * Andrew
 * Antun, Tanios
 * Anthony
 * Boutrus
 * Peter
 * Boulus, Baha
 * Paul
 * Iskandar
 * Alexander
 * Istfan, Mustafa
 * Stephen
 * Girgis
 * George
 * Morqos
 * Mark
 * Timothaous
 * Timothy
 * Qaisar
 * Caesar
 * }
 * Pink Princess (talk) 01:36, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Morqos
 * Mark
 * Timothaous
 * Timothy
 * Qaisar
 * Caesar
 * }
 * Pink Princess (talk) 01:36, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
 * }
 * Pink Princess (talk) 01:36, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Iskandar
Is it true that Iskandar is an exclusively Christian name? I thought it was used by Muslims too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.96.46 (talk) 23:23, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

It's used among muslims too --Bunifa88 (talk) 14:12, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I have a relative called Iskander who is a muslim - but then again I also know a Muslim called Michelle. Pink Princess (talk) 01:24, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh please! There are tons of Iskandars in my country, and they're all Muslims. Ratibgreat (talk) 08:24, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Christian-Islamic Conversion
There was a badly written, misplaced and probably unneeded version on Islamic-Christian conversion and name changes, which i deleted - especially since it is completely unsourced.

I think it shouldn't have been specifically in the Christian names section as it is unrelated, and probably warrants it's own section. Also it seems to specifically just mention Islamic-Christian conversions, which is not only a much rarer occurance worldwide but also seemed biased in mentioning that without mention of the opposite.

Also I think it is probably a no-brainer as it is the same with all religious conversions and name changes with all cultures, and if it needs to be rewritten, should be in a seperate section, refering to the more common Christian-Islamic conversions instead of/alongside Islamic-Christian conversions. Pink Princess (talk) 01:22, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Arabic Family Naming Conventions
In the section titled Arabic Family Naming Conventions it says: "If Saleh [al-Fulan] marries a wife (who would keep her own maiden, family, and surnames [al-Goswami.]), their children will take Saleh's family name. Therefore, their son Mohammed would be called Mohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq al-Goswami." Shouldn't that be "their son Mohammed would be Mohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq al-Fulan?"50.193.233.25 (talk) 21:08, 7 June 2016 (UTC) '50.193.233.25 (talk) 21:08, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

Women don't take their husband's name
"Similarly, if an Arab woman marries a Westerner and applies for a passport, her new 'official' name becomes, for example, Maryam David William Smith because of the patronymic naming convention."

In the arab world women do not take the name of their husband upon marriage. So, I find this statement rather odd. I never heard of such a thing (and I know many arab-western mixed couples where most women kept their name and in case only took their husband's last name). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.112.136.163 (talk) 12:28, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

"The female version is amah X, so the female version of Abdullah is Amatuallah."
shouldn't it be Amahullah, or amat X? the two doesn't fit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.173.126.176 (talk) 20:35, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The letter ta marbuta (ﺓ) is variously transliterated as h or t: see the ALA-LC (Library of Congress) and DIN 31635 transliteration standards in the Romanization_of_Arabic.

 * The difference arises on the position of the letter in an idafa (genitive construction):
 * if the word ama(ﺓ) occurs independently or as the second element of an idafa (the X of an ama(ﺓ)), it should end with an h (X-amah);
 * if it occurs as the first element of an idafa (the ama(ﺓ) of X), it should end with a t (amat-X). In the example given, using allah, this would be amat-u-allah or, more simply, amatullah.

 * Note: the transformation of the a in allah to a u is an example of Arabic sandhi (here, elision) following a nominative ending damma . Likewise, Abdullah (abd-u-allah). gergis (talk) 09:00, 4 August 2010 (UTC)
 * yeah, now i remember i learned that ta-marbuta turns to T at some cases. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.172.179.214 (talk) 19:26, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

"al" and "el"
Very helpful insights. However, I am missing an explanation of the meaning of "al" and/or "el" in Arabic names.

Arab Bias
I know this is an Arabic-based article, but in the "Common Mistake" section where it says "Even Indian Muslims commit the same error. If a person's name is Abd-ul-Rahim (Servant of the Merciful), his companions may call him as Mr Abdul (Servant of) erroneously which will sound quite odd to a native speaker of Arabic.", it is as if it's the seventh deadly sin to call someone Mr Abdul or Mr Rahman. As a subcontinental I can attest to the fact that Indian AND Bangladeshi Muslims use the Arabic naming system in the Western model - for instance, an Abdur Rahman in Bangladesh (a name as common at John Smith in the West) would say his first name is Abdur and surname Rahman, even if it makes no sense.

I mean, so what if it doesn't make sense to Arabs. Doesn't mean the subcontinentals are WRONG! Ratibgreat (talk) 08:28, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Greek weirdness
In the table in "Arabic names and their biblical equivalent" the Greek Names column is a weird mixture of the Greek and Roman alphabets. --rossb (talk) 20:37, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I've now corrected this - but there seems to be no good reason why some of the names have Greek equivalents given and others not! --rossb (talk) 10:35, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

ibn vs. bin
'ibn' resp. 'bin' both mean the same. Is there any difference in the way of using? Arturius001 (talk) 20:26, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

I don't think so, they both mean "the son of", so if someone is named Mohammed bin Rashid it would mean Mohammed the son of Rashid, so if you use ibn instead of bin it would mean the same thing, not so sure though I've learned some complicated things from Arabic that confused me even though I'm a native speaker. Quadmuffs (talk) 12:19, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

Muhammad Nayef
Muhammad Nayef is a Sultan of Gandamatt -present, "Moh"d Naif", "Yunus" and "Unos", "Sulayman" and "Solaiman", etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.208.125.228 (talk) 14:59, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

Quotation marks and apostrophes in transliterated names
I should be glad if someone could clarify the distinction (in transliterated arabic names) between (what looks like) a quotation mark, and (what looks like) an apostrophe. For example, I'm proofing a paper translated from Russian into English, which includes names such as ‘Avvas-Baqi (with a left single quotation mark).

Is this correct usage? If the mark indicates something omitted, then I would expect an apostrophe; But in truth I'm completely ignorant of the convention, so I hesitate to change it.

This is aggravated by the fact that if dumb quotation marks are used, most word processors will "correct" them — in the case of English, often incorrectly, e.g. '98 gets changed to (left single quotation mark)98 instead of (apostrophe)98.

I should be grateful for any help. Perhaps this information would be worth adding to the article also?

Paul Magnussen (talk) 20:26, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

Abd al-Yasuʿ (masc. ) / Amat al-Yasuʿ (fem.) ("slave of Jesus") SLAVE?
Just wondering why when Abd is used for a Muslim it means servant, yet when used by a Christian it means Slave?

Is there a reason for this? Or should it also say "slave to Muhammad? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.209.144.248 (talk) 16:51, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

True "A common form of Muslim Arab names is the combination of ʿAbd ("servant", fem. ʿAmah) followed by a description of God. A particularly common masculine example is Abdullah (عبد الله "servant of God")" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.209.144.248 (talk) 16:53, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

How do they know the pronunciation?
This may be a stupid question but: Since there are no written short vowels in the Arabic language (only long vowels are written) I wonder how Arabic-speaking people know how to pronounce a name they don't know yet. In Japanese the same problem goes to Kanji but they have Furigana to explain the pronunciation if they don't know the pronunciation. How do Arabic-speaking people do that? E. g., how do they know how to pronounce علوان?--31.16.72.127 (talk) 04:48, 19 February 2017 (UTC)

Prophet Mohammed
There is the use to add  QSSSL (fr) or Friede sei über ihm (de) or peace and blessing of God be upon him (en) to the name, if mentioned by believers. AVS (talk) 20:52, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

Abu and sort order
Does anybody know what is the correct sort order for names containing "abu"? See for example the contents of Category:Members of al-Qaeda in Iraq. Should, for example, Abu Ghadiya appear under "G" or under "A"? – Uanfala (talk) 11:20, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
 * with the understanding that this the guideline for Wikipedia only, the relevant place to look is WP:NAMESORT: Modern names with Abu, Abd, Abdel, Abdul, Ben, Bin and Bent are considered compound names and particles are integral to the name. So Abu Ghadiya, on Wikipedia, would be sorted under "A". Hope this helps, ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 12:10, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks! I hadn't noticed that. Are there any exceptions though? Say, names where "abu" isn't treated as a kunya anymore or is a different word altogether? – Uanfala (talk) 12:16, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Per WP:NAMESORT, if it's a modern family name (e.g., Mohamed Abolayla), the DEFAULTSORT sortkey would also be set at Abolayla, Mohamed. Only if the word "Abu" or its derivatives do not appear in the article title / WP:COMMONNAME altogether, should they not be part of the sort key (e.g., Jabir ibn Hayyan, for Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan, is sorted under "J"). ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 12:34, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

Abdulrahman
Abdulrahman 77.78.212.39 (talk) 21:11, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arabic name


text:
Charles Eliot (landscape architect)

Charles Eliot (November 1, 1859 – March 25, 1897) was an American landscape architect. Known for pioneering principles of regional planning, naturalistic systems approach to landscape architecture, and laying the groundwork for conservancies across the world. Instrumental in the formation of The Trustees of Reservations, the world's first land trust, playing a central role in shaping the Boston Metropolitan Park System, designing a number of public and private landscapes, and wrote prolifically on a variety of topics.

History
Eliot was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1859 to Charles W. Eliot and Ellen Derby Peabody. Charles had one brother, Samuel A. Eliot, who was a minister. His father became President of Harvard University in 1869, the same year his mother died. He was part of the prominent Eliot family originating from Boston.

In 1878 he was admitted to Harvard College.

In 1880 Charles organized a group of college classmates who would sail to Mount Desert Island, Maine, to spend the summer. The group was named the Champlain Society, Charles Eliot being the Director. While there, studying botany, geology, meteorology, marine life, ornithology, and entomology, Charles would write his parents later that fall recommending to look between Somes Sound and Seal Harbor if they wanted to build a house on Mount Desert Island: "Somewhere along that coast you will find a suitable spot, with beautiful views of the ocean, and hills, deep water anchorage, fine rocks and beach, and no flats." A year later his father would purchase 120 acres and build what is considered to be the first summer cottage in Northeast Harbor.

On graduation from Harvard in 1882, Eliot pursued horticultural courses at the Bussey Institute at Harvard to prepare himself for the profession of landscape architecture.

In 1883 Eliot became an apprentice for Frederick Law Olmsted and Company, the architect of Central Park. He worked on designs for Cushing Island, Maine (1883), Franklin Park (1884), the Arnold Arboretum (1885), and the Fens (1883) in Boston, and Belle Isle Park (1884) in Detroit. In 1885, on Olmsted's advice, Eliot traveled to Europe to observe natural scenery as well as the landscape designs of Capability Brown, Humphry Repton, Joseph Paxton, and Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau. Eliot's travel diaries provide one of the best visual assessments of European landscapes in the late 19th century.

Returning to Boston in 1886, Eliot opened his own office. His commissions included the First Parish Church in Weston, Massachusetts (1888) White Park (1888) in Concord, New Hampshire, Youngstown Gorge (1891), now called Mill Creek Park, in Youngstown, Ohio, and Salt Lake City's plan for a new town (1890).

In 1888 Charles married Mary Yale Pitkin from Philadelphia; this marriage produced four daughters: Ruth, Grace, Ellen, and Carola. She was a member of the Yale family of Yale University. Mary's father was Horace Wells Pitkin, a successful businessman in Tennessee, Louisville and Philadelphia; his sister Emily would marry the artist Seth Cheney; and her mother was Lucy Tracy Yale, Lucy's sister would marry a Mr. Beadle. Mary Yale Pitkins' brother was Yale missionary Horace Tracy Pitkin; her grandnephew was NY Senator Mortimer Yale Ferris. Her grandfather was Reverend Cyrus Yale who graduated from Williams College in 1811 and was a minister for 40 years at the Town Hill Church in New Hartford Connecticut. The Yale, Pitkin, and Beadle Families would spend their summers at their farm called "Eaglesnest" on Town Hill Road in New Hartford Connecticut.

On March 5, 1890, Eliot published an article entitled "Waverly Oaks" to defend a stand of virgin trees in Belmont, Massachusetts, in the process making a plea for preservation of the oaks and outlining a strategy for conserving other areas of scenic beauty in the same way that the Boston Public Library held books and the Museum of Fine Arts pictures. This article resulted in a conference held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1890 on preservation of scenic beauty, and led to the enactment of Massachusetts legislation creating The Trustees of Reservations in 1891 — the world's first organization created to "acquire, hold, protect and administer, for the benefit of the public, beautiful and historical places." Within four years, Britain's National Trust was created along these lines.

After the death of their partner Henry Sargent Codman, Olmsted's son Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and stepson John Charles Olmsted asked Eliot to become a full partner in their firm. In March 1893, the firm's name was changed to Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot. Within a few months, Eliot assumed the leadership role as the elder Olmsted's health continued to fail. Private commissions included the Cairnwood Estate, Biltmore Estate of the Vanderbilts, and Lady Meredith House in the Golden Square Mile, Montreal.

In 1895, the Massachusetts legislature ordered the taking of nearly three miles of private seacoast land on what is now Revere Beach Reservation. The Metropolitan Park Commission was entrusted with the land in 1896. Eliot was chosen by the Park Commission to design Revere Beach Reservation for the best use by the public. Eliot stated in November 1896, "We must not conceal from visitors the long sweep of the open beach which is the finest thing about the reservation." Revere Beach would become "the first to be set aside and governed by a public body for the enjoyment of the common people."

Over the next year, some 300 structures were cleared from on and around the beach, the train tracks were moved approximately 400 yards away from the water, a boulevard was put in place to separate buildings and houses from the sand, and a bandstand and pavilions were constructed. An estimated 45,000 people showed up on opening day to enjoy the first public beach in the United States. Fittingly, the small rotary at the start of the beach's southern end is named "Eliot Circle."

Eliot died March 25, 1897, at age 37 from spinal meningitis.

Legacy
Eliot's work has left a lasting mark on greater Boston. He published conceptual plans for the esplanades along the Charles River in Boston proposed earlier by Charles Davenport and others, and as the consulting landscape architect for the Metropolitan Park Commission, he supervised the acquisition of much of the riverfront in Boston, Watertown, and Newton. He also directed the landscape work on the Cambridge esplanade for the city's park commission. The esplanade in Boston was later realized following designs by Guy Lowell (1910) and Arthur Shurcliff (1936). In 1883, he designed Longfellow Park between the Cambridge home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and the Charles River. Up until his death he was the partner in charge of the firm's work at Fresh Pond in Cambridge.

In addition to his practice, Eliot became a regular contributor of professional articles to Garden and Forest Magazine.

After Eliot's death, Olmsted's son and stepson reconstituted their partnership as the Olmsted Brothers, which continued for a half-century as one of the best-known landscape design firms in the United States, and went on to design thousands of parks, gardens, and landscapes in the 20th century.

Eliot's writings have been characterized as the inspiration behind the establishment of Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island in Maine.

Monuments and memorials

 * Charles Eliot Memorial - Charles River Esplanade - Boston MA
 * Eliot Memorial Bridge - Great Blue Hill - Milton MA
 * Eliot Bridge - Cambridge MA

title: Charles Eliot (landscape architect)


text:
Hyperalgesia

Hyperalgesia ( or ; 'hyper' from Greek ὑπέρ (huper, “over”), '-algesia' from Greek  algos, ἄλγος (pain)) is an abnormally increased sensitivity to   pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus. Prostaglandins E and F are largely responsible for sensitizing the nociceptors. Temporary increased sensitivity to pain also occurs as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to infection.

Types
Hyperalgesia can be experienced in focal, discrete areas, or as a more diffuse, body-wide form. Conditioning studies have established that it is possible to experience a learned hyperalgesia of the latter, diffuse form.

The focal form is typically associated with injury, and is divided into two subtypes:
 * Primary hyperalgesia describes pain sensitivity that occurs directly in the damaged tissues.
 * Secondary hyperalgesia describes pain sensitivity that occurs in surrounding undamaged tissues.

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia may develop as a result of long-term opioid use in the treatment of chronic pain. Various studies of humans and animals have demonstrated that primary or secondary hyperalgesia can develop in response to both chronic and acute exposure to opioids. This side effect can be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of opioid treatment.

Causes
Hyperalgesia is induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) which comes about in an inflammatory or an allergic response. This seems to occur via immune cells interacting with the peripheral nervous system and releasing pain-producing chemicals (cytokines and chemokines).

One unusual cause of focal hyperalgesia is platypus venom.

Long-term opioid (e.g. heroin, morphine) users and those on high-dose opioid medications for the treatment of chronic pain, may experience hyperalgesia and experience pain out of proportion to physical findings, which is a common cause for loss of efficacy of these medications over time. As it can be difficult to distinguish from tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia is often compensated for by escalating the dose of opioid, potentially worsening the problem by further increasing sensitivity to pain. Chronic hyperstimulation of opioid receptors results in altered homeostasis of pain signalling pathways in the body with several mechanisms of action involved. One major pathway being through stimulation of the nociceptin receptor,  and blocking this receptor may therefore be a means of preventing the development of hyperalgesia.

Stimulation of nociceptive fibers in a pattern consistent with that from inflammation switches on a form of amplification in the spinal cord, long term potentiation. This occurs where the pain fibres synapse to pain pathway, the periaqueductal grey. Amplification in the spinal cord may be another way of producing hyperalgesia.

The release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 by activated leukocytes triggered by lipopolysaccharides, endotoxins and other signals of infection also increases pain sensitivity as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to illness.

Diagnosis
Simple bedside tests include response (pain intensity and character) to cotton swab, finger pressure, pinprick, cold and warm stimuli, e.g., metal thermo rollers at 20°C and 40°C, as well as mapping of the area of abnormality.

Quantitative sensory testing can be used to determine pain thresholds (decreased pain threshold indicates allodynia) and stimulus/response functions (increased pain response indicate hyperalgesia). Dynamic mechanical allodynia can be assessed using a cotton swab or a brush. A pressure algometer and standardized monofilaments or weighted pinprick stimuli are used for assessing pressure and punctate allodynia and hyperalgesia and a thermal tester is used for thermal testing.

Treatment
Hyperalgesia is similar to other sorts of pain associated with nerve irritation or damage such as allodynia and neuropathic pain, and consequently may respond to standard treatment for these conditions, using various drugs such as SSRI or tricyclic antidepressants, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, gabapentin or pregabalin, NMDA antagonists,   or atypical opioids such as tramadol. Where hyperalgesia has been produced by chronic high doses of opioids, reducing the dose may result in improved pain management. However, as with other forms of nerve dysfunction associated pain, treatment of hyperalgesia can be clinically challenging, and finding a suitable drug or drug combination that is effective for a particular patient may require trial and error. The use of a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device has been shown to alleviate hyperalgesia.

title: Hyperalgesia


text:
Talk:List of works for piano left-hand and orchestra

Untitled

 * Perhaps this article should be renamed 'Piano Concerto for the left hand (Ravel)' as there are several other (though some more notable than others) concertos for left hand. --BenK 05:32, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * If another article for another of the same title is created, then a disambiguation page should be made. For now, this will do I think. --Sketchee 05:15, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the others aren't specifically named that way (Prokofiev No. 4, Britten's Diversions on a Theme op. 21, that piece by Richard Strauss I can't remember). The Ravel "is" the Concerto for the Left Hand, afaik.  Antandrus 05:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Piano left-hand alone
Is there an article on that? How common are they?

I just found a reference to Adolfo Fumagalli's Op. 106. And he apparently was noted for works of this type, with several listed on his page.

Varlaam (talk) 17:41, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

 * We have this sentence on the page for Géza Zichy.
 * An entire chapter is devoted to Zichy in Piano Music for One Hand by Theodore Edel (Indiana University Press), a comprehensive survey of music written for those pianists who have the use of only one hand.
 * Varlaam (talk) 17:48, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Renaming this page
How about renaming this article to "List of works for piano one-hand"? Scriabin wrote one nocturne for the left hand, Sorabji wrote one etude for the left hand, and there already several right-hand-only pieces in this article. Toccata quarta (talk) 09:51, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * What we really need is a comprehensive treatment of music written for one hand. There have been over 4,000 such works (predominantly for left hand), by over 700 composers, such as Blumenfeld, Dreyschock, Fumagalli, Godowsky (22 of his 53 Studies on Chopin's Études are for left hand alone), Alkan, Reinecke, Bartok, Scriabin, Sorabji, Moszkowski, Meinders, Reger, Dohnanyi, Saint-Saens, Rheinberger, Franz Schmidt, Takacs, Mompou, Lipatti, Josef Hofmann and many more.  It's been a generally neglected area of study and commercial focus, but see Hans Brofeldt's excellent database Piano Music for the Left Hand.

 * I'd prefer to keep this list as a summary of concertante works for one hand and orchestra (it needs a name change to encompass the right-hand works). And we could have a separate list of works for solo piano one-hand.  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  10:20, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I forgot about Godowsky and Alkan, but 4,000? Good Lord! In that case, a separate page should definitely be created. Finnissy's History of Photography in Sound has a movement titled Alkan-Paganini which follows the same "hand-scheme" as Alkan's Op. 76 (it's not mentioned on Hans Brofeldt's site).

 * What do you prefer: "List of works for piano one hand", "List of piano works for one hand", or something else? Toccata quarta (talk) 12:35, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

organizing the page
just re-ordered and then copied the list of LH concerti by composer's surname since I thought that'd be quite useful -- when I started reading the chronological list, I at first didn't realize how it was organized at all, and then once I figured it out still didn't see why that was the best way to do it. But anyway someone with more time and know-how could probably consolidate... note that I literally copied over the original text, links, everything, with two minor changes: getting rid of the second ref wherever it occurs so as not to duplicate it; and for composers with multiple works making sure the first appearance was the one which links to his/her page. 76.103.30.165 (talk) 11:40, 26 December 2011 (UTC)

Henri Cliquet-Pleyel
I'm not sure where to place this comment, so I'm putting it here. The article correctly states that 'concertos for right hand alone' are more rare than those for the left hand. Cliquet-Pleyel composed one of these rare right-hand only concertos, and furthermore his may have been the first. He was a member of Erki Satie's circle, and left a number of significant works.

Why, then, when I click on the link to Henri Cliquet-Pleyel do I find nothing more than a stub in the French Wiki? Why is there no article in the English Wiki?

More specifically: I created an article in English on Cliquet-Pleyel, more extensive and better referenced than the French article. What happened to it? Why would my article have been removed and the French article allowed to stand? Neither contradicted anything in the other, mine was simply more detailed and in English. How are such things followed up upon?

Or do I just keep re-creating the article any throwing it at Wiki until it "sticks"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chatte Merde (talk • contribs) 23:02, 24 July 2013 (UTC)


text:
Chris Armas

Christopher Armas (born August 27, 1972) is an American professional soccer coach and former player who is the head coach of Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids.

Youth and college
Born in The Bronx, New York City, Armas is of Puerto Rican descent and grew up in Brentwood, New York. He graduated from St. Anthony's High School and then attended Adelphi University from 1990 to 1993, amassing 17 goals and 15 assists over his collegiate career. Armas was named an NCAA Division II First Team All-American his senior year.

Professional
After graduating from college, Armas spent 1994 and 1995 playing for the USISL's Long Island Rough Riders, being selected as a USISL All-Star. In 1995, the Rough Riders defeated the Minnesota Thunder in the USISL's Pro League Championship.

In 1996, Armas was drafted by Los Angeles Galaxy in the first round of the Major League Soccer Supplemental Draft and played a significant role in their first and second seasons. Chicago Fire acquired Armas in a trade for their inaugural 1998 campaign. It was with the 1998 Fire team that Armas emerged as an exceptional player, helping them win their first MLS Championship that year. Between 1998 and 2001, Armas was named to the MLS Best XI four consecutive times, his streak only being broken by an ACL injury that kept him out of much of the 2002 campaign; Armas was named to his fifth Best XI after the 2003 MLS season, in addition to being named the MLS Comeback Player of the Year. He was named U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year in 2000. In ten years in MLS, he totaled eleven goals and 41 assists, plus added four goals and four assists in the playoffs.

On April 19, 2007, Armas announced that the 2007 MLS season with the Chicago Fire would be his last, as he decided to retire. His retirement was made official on November 13, 2007, after spending 12 years in MLS.

International
Armas played for Puerto Rico in the 1993 Caribbean Cup. The competition was not then recognized by FIFA and so his five matches were classed as friendlies.

He was therefore later allowed to switch his allegiance to the United States, for whom he made his debut November 6, 1998, against Australia. He went on to earn 66 caps. He did not break into the squad until soon after the 1998 FIFA World Cup, and his ACL injury came just before the 2002 FIFA World Cup, so he was never able to play for the United States in the World Cup. He was named as a standby player for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and did not feature in the final squad.

Coaching career
After his retirement, he coached youth soccer and was a high school physical education teacher at St. Anthony's High School.

Armas served as an assistant coach for the Chicago Fire in 2008 and was the head women's soccer coach at Adelphi University between 2011 and 2015.

On July 6, 2018, Armas was promoted to head coach of New York Red Bulls after former manager Jesse Marsch departed the club to join Red Bull Salzburg as an assistant. Armas helped the Red Bulls finish first in the regular season, winning the Supporters' Shield as a result. The Red Bulls were eliminated in the conference finals by Atlanta United.

In 2019, the Red Bulls finished sixth in the Eastern Conference and were eliminated by the Philadelphia Union in the first round of the playoffs. The Red Bulls were then eliminated in the group stage of the MLS is Back Tournament after they were defeated by FC Cincinnati. The team was in the middle of a scoring slump when Armas parted ways with the club on September 4, 2020, the day after a 1–0 loss to D.C. United.

In 2021, Armas was hired as head coach of Toronto FC, replacing Greg Vanney, who departed the club at the end of his contract. On July 4, 2021, following a 7–1 loss to D.C. United, the largest loss in the club's history and a league record of one win, eight losses and two draws, the team announced he had been fired.

On December 7, 2021, Armas was hired by Manchester United as assistant coach to work under interim manager Ralf Rangnick. He left the club in May 2022.

In January 2023, it was confirmed that Armas had re-united with Jesse Marsch at Leeds United. Armas was named co-interim head coach alongside Michael Skubala and Paco Gallardo following the sacking of Jesse Marsch in February, the trio overseeing a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford with Manchester United on 8 February 2023 and Skubala acting as solitary interim manager in the home loss against the same opponents four days later.

Colorado Rapids
On November 17, 2023, Armas returned to Major League Soccer, signing as head coach of the Colorado Rapids.

Personal life
Armas and his wife, Justine, have two sons, Christopher and Aleksei.

International

 * Scores and results list the United States' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Armas goal.

Player
Chicago Fire
 * MLS Cup: 1998
 * Supporters' Shield: 2003
 * U.S. Open Cup: 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006

United States
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2002, 2005
 * U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year: 2000

Individual
 * MLS Best XI: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003
 * MLS All-Star: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004
 * MLS Comeback Player of the Year: 2003
 * Chicago Fire MVP: 2003

Coach
New York Red Bulls
 * Supporters' Shield: 2018

title: Chris Armas


text:
WBFO

WBFO (88.7 FM) is the NPR member station for Buffalo, New York, carrying an almost entirely public news/talk format. It broadcasts from studios in the Lower Terrace section of downtown Buffalo which it shares with WNED-TV and WNED-FM. Previously, it broadcast from the South campus (a.k.a. Main Street Campus) of the University at Buffalo. It currently leases an as-yet unutilized satellite studio in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. WBFO runs two permanent satellite stations: WUBJ (88.1 FM) in Jamestown, New York, and WOLN (91.3 FM) in Olean, New York, along with a digital audio simulcast on the second audio program of WNED-DT4.

WBFO is owned, along with the WNED stations, by the Western New York Public Broadcasting Association, which does business as Buffalo Toronto Public Media.

History

WBFO was founded in 1959 as a public radio station owned and operated by the State University of New York at Buffalo (UB). For many years prior to selling to its current owners, UB operated WBFO as a jazz station, programming National Public Radio's drive time programs Morning Edition and All Things Considered while carrying locally programmed jazz during the midday, evening and overnight hours, with blues music and specialty programming on weekends.

UB was one of two public broadcasting organizations active in Western New York at the time, the other being the Western New York Public Broadcasting Association, whose AM, FM and TV stations all carried the call sign WNED and which carried no direct affiliation with any university or government entity. WNED's AM station, AM 970, was an all-spoken word format that duplicated coverage of Morning Edition and All Things Considered, along with some other spoken-word programming, with WBFO. By 2010, UB had eliminated the daytime and much of the evening music programming as merger discussions with WNED began.

WNED purchased WBFO in July 2011 and incorporated some of the channel's news features and staff into a combined lineup on March 1, 2012, through November 30, 2012 (when the sale of WNED to Crawford Broadcasting was finalized and the call letters changed to WDCZ) which it broadcast on both stations. All of the network music programming WBFO had carried on weekends was dropped. Most of the spoken word programming lost in the merger formerly aired on WNED (although much of that was restored after Talk of the Nation, previously a WBFO exclusive, ended its run, and additional slots were opened when Car Talk was dropped in 2017 ). Among the programs eliminated from the old WBFO were the last jazz programs originating from a Buffalo area radio station at that time; jazz would eventually return as part of the broad-based standards format on the revived WEBR in 2020.

WBFO, along with WNED-FM-TV, began collectively referring to themselves as "Buffalo Toronto Public Media" on February 4, 2020. The rebranding was in part to better identify WBFO and the WNED stations as part of a single organization; it also reflects WNED-TV's significant Canadian viewership and financial support, though WNED officials told The Buffalo News that the organization's radio stations have minimal listenership in Canada.

Programming

Prior to March 2012, WBFO presented a full-service mix of news and music programming that incorporated blues and jazz. WBFO's local news department had been highly recognized by the New York State Associated Press Broadcasters Association. WBFO was all-news during the day and featured jazz overnight. On weekends there had been a mix of syndicated talk programs (such as Car Talk, Only a Game and Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!) mornings, and music programs (The Thistle & Shamrock, Bebop and Beyond, and Piano Jazz) in the evenings. Locally originated blues programming was broadcast on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.

A four-hour block of jazz programming during the midday shift was eliminated in 2010, with Fresh Air moving to an earlier time slot and additional talk programming (all network or syndicated) added. The program changes also eliminated an additional two hours of jazz and local music in the evening time slot, pushing the start of jazz programming from 8 p.m. back to 10 p.m., being replaced by replays of programming that had already aired on WBFO earlier in the day.

All remaining local and syndicated music programming on WBFO, with the exception of the weekend afternoon blues blocks which were moved to evenings were eliminated on March 1, 2012, after WNED took over WBFO's operations; the only music programming on either WNED or WBFO were the blues blocks and A Prairie Home Companion, which had previously aired on WNED. (The latter show ended in 2016 with Garrison Keillor's retirement; neither WBFO nor WNED carried the successor program Live from Here, which ran until 2020.)

HD Radio programming
A musical satellite feed called Exponential which had been carried on the HD2 channel was replaced by a satellite jazz feed called JazzWorks. In November 2021, JazzWorks was moved to WNED-FM-HD2 to make way for "WBFO The Bridge," an adult album alternative format. A third channel, HD3, consisting of NPR news and information which allowed the listening of programs at times they were not on the main channel, was eliminated when JazzWorks was added.

On June 23, 2024, WBFO launched a Spanish public radio format on its HD3 subchannel, branded as "Radio Bilingue".

title: WBFO