text:
Walter Salles

Walter Moreira Salles Júnior (born 12 April 1956) is a Brazilian filmmaker, most known for his Golden Bear winning film Central Station.

Early life
Salles was born on 12 April 1956 in Rio de Janeiro and attended the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts. He is the son of Brazilian banker, politician and philanthropist Walter Moreira Salles.

Career
Salles's first notable film was Terra Estrangeira (Foreign Land), released in Brazil in 1995. Locally, it was widely acclaimed by film critics and a minor box-office hit, and it was selected by over 40 film festivals worldwide.

In 1998, he released Central Station to widespread international acclaim and two Academy Awards nominations, for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Foreign Language Film. Salles won a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, becoming the first Brazilian to win a Golden Globe.

In 2001, Abril Despedaçado (Behind the Sun), based on a novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare and starring Rodrigo Santoro, was nominated for the Best Foreign Film Golden Globes. Salles said: ".. there was one book that resonated to the point where I couldn't forget it. And that was Broken April by Ismail Kadare. The book was handed to me by my younger brother, who said, 'If I know you well, this will touch you.' ... What really struck me was the opposition between the atavistic violence described in the book and the possibility for that violence to be overpowered by the discovery of poetry and literature and ultimately by brotherly love."

Both films were produced by veteran Arthur Cohn, and had worldwide distribution.

In 2003, Salles was voted one of the 40 Best Directors in the World by The Guardian. His biggest international success has been Diarios de Motocicleta (The Motorcycle Diaries), a 2004 film about the life of young Ernesto Guevara, who later became known as Che Guevara. It was Salles's first foray as director of a film in a language other than his native Portuguese (Spanish, in this case) and quickly became a box-office hit in Latin America and Europe. In 2005, Salles released his first Hollywood film, Dark Water, an adaptation of the 2002 Japanese film of the same name. He also helped to produce the Argentine picture Hermanas, which was a major success.

In 2006, Salles wrote and directed a segment in the French film Paris, je t'aime (French for Paris, I love you) with Daniela Thomas. The film is a collection of 18 shorter segments made by different 21 directors and set in different arrondissements of Paris. Salles' segment called Loin du 16e (literally: Far from the 16th) and took place in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

In 2007, Salles took part in a similar project called To Each His Own Cinema (French: Chacun son cinéma) in the 60th anniversary of the Cannes Film Festival. He made a three-minute segment called A 8 944 km de Cannes (English: 5,557 Miles From Cannes).

In 2008, Salles wrote and directed the film Linha de Passe also with Daniela Thomas. It is a story about four brothers from a poor family who need to fight to follow their dreams. He was nominated for the Golden Palm and Sandra Corveloni won the Best Actress award for her role in this film in Cannes Film Festival in 2008.

In 2009, Salles signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.

In 2012, Salles released José Rivera's screenplay adaptation of Jack Kerouac's On the Road, with Francis Ford Coppola producing. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2023, ten years after his last feature film, Salles started production of I'm Still Here (Ainda Estou Aqui), based on the book of the same name by Marcelo Rubens Paiva; the film tackles the arrest and disappearance of Rubens Paiva in 1971, Marcelo's father, during the military dictatorship in Brazil.

Political views
In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Salles signed an open letter published in Libération demanding a ceasefire and an end to the killing of civilians amid the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages.

Awards and nominations
In July 2022 Salles was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of letters by the University of Reading.

title: Walter Salles


text:
Cerveno

Cerveno (Camunian: Hervé) is a comune of 683 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. The village of Cerveno is bounded by other communes of Braone, Ceto, Losine, Lozio, Malegno, Ono San Pietro, Paisco Loveno, Schilpario.

History
At the 1397 peace of Breno, the representative of the community Cerveno chose the side of the Ghibellines.

Main sights
The churches of Cerveno are:
 * Parish of San Martino, 13th century, was remodeled in the 17th century. The altarpiece is of Beniamino Simoni.
 * Sanctuary della Via Crucis, similar to the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy. The chapels stand beside the parish church and oratory of San Martino. The sanctuary contains an 18th-century Via Crucis, carved of wood and stucco, and painted. the fourteen stations contain 198 life-sized statues. In 1752, Don Andrea Boldini, a parishioner commissioned the work from the local sculptor Beniamino Simoni of Fresine. However, due to continual fights with the parishioners and inhabitants, Simoni was dismissed, and the work was reassigned to Donato and Grazioso Fantoni, who completed stations 8, 9, and 10. Every ten years, the townspeople re-enact the scenes of the Passion of Christ.

Culture
The scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The one which characterize the people of Cerveno is Giüdé, Capèle, Brusa crus.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cerveno


text:
User talk:Samjam

ClockworkTroll 19:03, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Samjam


text:
Talk:322

I think I remember hearing, on a Discovery Channel special on Secret Societies, that 322 is supposed to refer to 322 B.C., and the death of Aristotle. Of course most of this is theory anyway so it's a moot point.

322 is also used as an end signature for People Against Militarization of Life(Int'l)http://publish.indymedia.org/en/2006/04/836626.shtml

title: Talk:322


text:
Ceto, Lombardy

Ceto (Camunian: Hét) is an Italian comune in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. The village of Ceto is bounded by other communes of Braone, Breno, Capo di Ponte, Cerveno, Cevo, Cimbergo, Daone (TN), Ono San Pietro.

History
In February 1798 the town of Nadro was united to that of Ceto, and assumed the name of "comune of Ceto and Nadro. "

Between 1816 and 1859 the town was called "Ceto with Nadro", while from 1859 to 1927 only "Ceto". In that year he was joined Cerveno, which was linked with the name "Ceto Cerveno" until 1947.

Main sights

 * Church of St. Andrew the Apostle. Rebuilt on a previous building in 1700 from a design by Anthonio Spiazzi.
 * Church of Saints Faustino and Jovita.

title: Ceto, Lombardy


text:
Tricycle landing gear

Tricycle gear is a type of aircraft undercarriage, or landing gear, arranged in a tricycle fashion. The tricycle arrangement has a single nose wheel in the front, and two or more main wheels slightly aft of the center of gravity. Tricycle gear aircraft are the easiest for takeoff, landing and taxiing, and consequently the configuration is now the most widely used on aircraft.

History
Several early aircraft had primitive tricycle gear, notably very early Antoinette planes and the Curtiss Pushers of the pre-World War I Pioneer Era of aviation. Waldo Waterman's 1929 tailless Whatsit was one of the first to have a steerable nose wheel.

In 1956, Cessna introduced sprung-steel tricycle landing gear on the Cessna 172. Their marketing department described this as "Land-O-Matic" to imply that these aircraft were much easier to land than tailwheel aircraft.

Tricycle gear and taildraggers compared
Tricycle gear is essentially the reverse of conventional landing gear or taildragger. On the ground, tricycle aircraft have a visibility advantage for the pilot as the nose of the aircraft is level, whereas the high nose of the taildragger can block the view ahead. Tricycle gear aircraft are much less liable to 'nose over' as can happen if a taildragger hits a bump or has the brakes heavily applied. In a nose-over, the aircraft's tail rises and the propeller strikes the ground, causing damage. The tricycle layout reduces the possibility of a ground loop, because the main gear lies behind the center of mass. However, tricycle aircraft can be susceptible to wheel-barrowing. The nosewheel equipped aircraft also is easier to handle on the ground in high winds due to its wing negative angle of attack. Student pilots are able to safely master nosewheel equipped aircraft more quickly.

Tricycle gear aircraft are easier to land because the attitude required to land on the main gear is the same as that required in the flare, and they are less vulnerable to crosswinds. As a result, the majority of modern aircraft are fitted with tricycle gear. Almost all jet-powered aircraft have been fitted with tricycle landing gear to prevent the blast of hot, high-speed gases from causing damage to the ground surface, in particular runways and taxiways. The few exceptions have included the Yakovlev Yak-15, the Supermarine Attacker, and prototypes such as the Heinkel He 178 that pioneered jet flight, the first four prototypes (V1 through V4) of the Messerschmitt Me 262, and the Nene powered version of the Vickers VC.1 Viking. Outside of the United States – where the tricycle undercarriage had solidly begun to take root with its aircraft firms before that nation's World War II involvement at the end of 1941 – the Heinkel firm in World War II Germany began building airframe designs meant to use tricycle undercarriage systems from their beginnings, as early as late 1939 with the Heinkel He 280 pioneering jet fighter demonstrator series, and the unexpectedly successful Heinkel He 219 twin-engined night fighter of 1942 origin.

The taildragger configuration has its own advantages, and is arguably more suited to rougher landing strips. The tailwheel makes the plane sit naturally in a nose-up attitude when on the ground, which is useful for operations on unpaved gravel surfaces where debris could damage the propeller. The tailwheel also transmits loads to the airframe in a way much less likely to cause airframe damage when operating on rough fields. The small tailwheel is much lighter and much less vulnerable than a nosewheel. Also, a fixed-gear taildragger exhibits less interference drag and form drag in flight than a fixed-gear tricycle aircraft whose nosewheel may sit directly in the propeller's slipstream. Tailwheels are smaller and cheaper to buy and to maintain. Most tailwheel aircraft are lower in overall height and thus may fit in lower hangars. Tailwheel aircraft are also more suitable for fitting with skis in wintertime.

title: Tricycle landing gear


text:
The Wrestling Channel

The Wrestling Channel (later branded as TWC, TWC Fight! and The Fight Network) was a free-to-air digital satellite television sports channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland that existed exactly 5 years, between 1 December 2003 and 1 December 2008. Initially created to be a dedicated channel to Professional wrestling, it later rebranded as "TWC" and "TWC Fight!" and incorporated both Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing.

Pre-launch
The Fight Network UK began its run as The Wrestling Channel. The service was planned to launch as a full channel in March 2004, but began test-transmissions on 1 December 2003, as a temporary programming block on the now-defunct channel Friendly TV. This block aired from 7:00 to 8:00 in the daytime and evening on weekdays with repeats on weekend mornings from 9 to 11:00 am, and 6:00 pm. The block featured Wrestling promotions such as Classic Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, Ring of Honor and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, which would be the first time these promotions would ever air on a UK channel. The block was supposed to only last a month, but was extended in 2004 due to positive response from viewers.

Launch
On 15 March 2004, the channel fully launched on Sky Channel 427. The Wrestling Channel was the first channel of its kind in the world to strictly focus its programming on professional wrestling. Alongside shows that aired on the block on Friendly TV, shows from promotions such as New Japan Pro-Wrestling, Pro-Pain-Pro Wrestling as well as vintage British wrestling from World of Sport and related ITV programming.. To promote the launch, the channel's parent company partnered up with game publisher Acclaim Entertainment and their then-upcoming game Showdown: Legends of Wrestling for a competition. In July 2004, The Wrestling Channel also became the first channel to air a news/talk show dedicated to pro-wrestling - titled The Bagpipe Report.

TWC Reloaded
On 25 October 2004, a sister channel called TWC Reloaded was launched next to The Wrestling Channel on Sky channel 428. The channel featured action from the existing TWC library and also experimented with new shows and formats. There were plans for Reloaded to air MMA programmes but this never came to fruition.

On 24 January 2005, The Wrestling Channel's parent company announced that the TWC Reloaded slot had been approached by a number of potential partners seeking to re-programme and develop the slot. Future output had been reduced to the minimum level of three hours per day, starting at 3:00 am, whilst a decision was taken over the content for the slot. From 1 March, a movie aired nightly on the channel and 2 days later, the channel effectively ceased as there was no longer any sporting content being transmitted. By 21 March, TWC Reloaded moved to the movie section of the Sky EPG at channel number 333 and was temporarily renamed as Movies 333 in the process, where it would fully launch as True Movies.

Losses and revamp
By the end of 2004, The Wrestling Channel's parent company announced that they were running at a loss due to lower-than-expected viewing figures generating less revenue than it was costing to run the operation. They added that most promotions had been more than co-operative in allowing contract re-negotiations. To solve this, the channel signed a new deal with TNA to feature their events on a one-week delay basis. Ring of Honor was expanded into a new, exclusive two-hour weekly show, more promotions like ZERO1-MAX were added to the schedule, whilst Memphis Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Noah had even newer up-to-date weekly shows. Eventually, the channel indicated that viewer ratings had increased.

On 3 October 2005, The Wrestling Channel began to refer to itself more under its shortened name of TWC, as they began to add other fighting sports to their schedule in order to appeal to new viewers and non-Wrestling fans. During the month of November, the station added mixed martial arts and boxing programming to its existing schedule for the first time. By 1 July 2006 began broadcasting a full 24 hours a day, seven days a week without any Teleshopping. In that month, the channel began to air action movies.

TWC Fight, purchase by The Fight Network and Closure
The channel would eventually change its name to TWC Fight! on 4 December 2006, and added more mixed martial arts programming to their schedule, including Cage Rage Championships and King of the Cage. On 15 December 2006 TWC Fight! announced they had lost the rights to air TNA programming, which after 1 January 2007 had moved to Bravo 2.

In late 2007, Canadian based channel The Fight Network purchased TWC Fight! and in January 2008, the channel became a UK version of The Fight Network, owned by Dolphin Television. The Fight Network aired the same programming as before, just under a different name. By July 2008 the channel launched on Freesat channel 251.

After 6 years, the channel ceased transmission on 1 December 2008 at midnight and was removed from the Sky EPG a few hours later.

Relaunch as programming block
On 13 July 2018, it was announced that Anthem Sports & Entertainment Corp. would relaunch Fight Network as a programming block on Showcase by Information TV. The block would feature various sports, including live Impact Wrestling, Ultimate Challenge MMA, Abu Dhabi Grand Slam, WGP Kickboxing, Wrestling at the Chase and other programmes. Due to the way it is placed and the obscurity of the original version, Anthem are treating it as a new channel launch.

The block mainly focuses on Wrestling like its predecessor, with a mixture of other fighting sports as well.

Professional wrestling
• The Bagpipe Report

• Irish Whip Wrestling

• Shoot interviews

• 3PW

• Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

• Classic Memphis Wrestling

• Combat Zone Wrestling

• Frontier Wrestling Alliance

• Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling

• GAEA Japan

• Icons of Wrestling

• LDN Wrestling: Capital TV

• Major League Wrestling

• Memphis Wrestling

• Pro Wrestling Noah

• ChickFight

• Real Quality Wrestling

• Ring of Honor

• NWA:Total Nonstop Action

• UWA Hardcore Wrestling

• World of Sport

• Wrestling at the Chase

• Wrestling Reality

• Xcitement Wrestling Federation

Combat sports
• After The Bell

• Ballroom Boxing

• Before The Bell

• Cage Rage Championships - Cage Fighter

• Hardcore Championship Fighting

• ICON Sport

• Knockout News

• One on One

• ROUGH

• So You Wanna Fight

• TKO Championship Fighting

• Tough Guy Cinema

• UK Boxing

• UK MMA

• Ultimate Combat Experience

• X-treme Fighting Championship

title: The Wrestling Channel


text:
Cevo

Cevo (Camunian: Séf) is an Italian comune in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. Neighbouring communes are Saviore dell'Adamello and Berzo Demo. It is located near Valle Camonica near the slopes of Adamello.

History
On April 22, 1644, most of the town of Cevo was burned down by a fire started by lightning. On July 3, 1944, most of the houses in the town were either damaged, destroyed, or looted by the combined Wehrmacht and Italian Fascist forces, in retaliation for activities by the partisans. Six people were killed and two-thirds of the 1,200 residents were left homeless.

Main sights
Churches Cevo are:
 * Church of St. Sixtus of the sixteenth century from earlier Romanesque building, surrounded by a small cemetery.
 * Parish of San Vigilio of the sixteenth century
 * Church of Sant 'Antonio Abate
 * La Croce del Papa (dedicated to Pope John Paul II). A 30m high cross that curves out over the valley below. The current structure replaces the wooden cross that broke in 2014, killing a 21-year-old man. The cross is also the terminus of a walking trail/pilgrimage that starts in the nearby town of Demo, passes through Andrista before climbing the hill to Cevo.

Culture
The scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The one which characterize the people of Cevo is Barlócc.

Twin towns
Cevo is twinned with:

 * 🇮🇹 Trezzo sull'Adda, Italy

title: Cevo


text:
Talk:Lincoln Financial Field

Soccer

 * How many soccer games have been held at this stadium? Nyrmetros 01:07, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Corrected the description of the Gold Cup match; this was the first international in Philly since Israel in 1968. The 1976 game cited by this page (as well as FIFA and others) was played not by the U.S. national team but by Team America, an NASL all-star team that included only a handful of Americans.--Chapka (talk) 14:58, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

MISC.
The date of the first event at the stadium is wrong. The first Springsteen concert was 8/8/03. Not sure when the first event (the soccer match) was, but it was earlier than that. (Comment added 1/19/06)

--

User:Joy has repeatedly removed my citation of http://www.nypost.com/sports/29271.htm for the fact that the stadium has four jail cells, in violation of Cite sources. anthony (see warning) 19:11, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * This is really silly. It's not an issue of basic intellectual honesty that we keep a link to a long article that makes a cursory mention of this trivial little factoid and which isn't even a primary source. --Joy [shallot]   20:20, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It's not an issue of honesty, it's an issue of convenience. If I read a strange fact, like that there's a jail inside a football field, I'm going to question it, and if there's a link to a respected source which confirms it, it's going to save me the time of looking up that source myself. I wouldn't even think to go through the history and try to figure out when this fact was inserted, just in case that person added a link to a source which was later removed. anthony (see warning) 20:28, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The article linked to doesn't quite provide much in the way of confirmation. It says nothing more than what is already said in our article, and only provides corroboration from a respected source. Is the latter worth the advertizing? I don't think it is. --Joy [shallot]   22:06, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * "It says nothing more than what is already said in our article, and only provides corroboration from a respected source." That's exactly the point of the link.  "Is the latter worth the advertizing? I don't think it is."  I suspect such an opinion is strongly in the minority. anthony (see warning) 22:24, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

metric system
In the list of memorable games, there is one from September 23, 2007. It lists several records having been set, including a 300-yard passer and 200-yard receiver. Each of these records includes a parenthetical conversion of the distance into metric units. Why is this included? The football field (and the statistics involving the amount of field covered in a single game or career) are not measured in meters. Just because you can do a conversion, doesn't always mean that you should. After all, Wikipedia doesn't call it the "10-gallon (37.85 l) hat".

Lincoln Financial Field never had a jail
This article contains the strange statement, "Lincoln Financial Field never had a jail." If this is a mistake, it should be removed. If this is not a mistake, it should be explained. I'm not much of a sports fan, so it just doesn't make sense to me that a large sports stadium should have (or not have) a jail on its premises. Some explanation is surely needed! David Spector (talk) 20:22, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

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Number of Suites (as of 8/26/20)
The highest Suite number is 177
 * So start with 177
 * This does not include the three Mezzanine suites (MC1,MC2,MC3)
 * 177+3=180
 * Suite numbers 80,87,88,89, and 100 are skipped in the numbering scheme and do not exist
 * 180-5=175
 * Some of the suites are doubles (combined suites), which in some cases are not shown on stadium maps. 40 and 41 are the same suite. 50 and 51 are the same suite. 84 and 85 are the same suite.
 * 175-3=172 in total
 * The owner's and visiting owner's suites are obviously not for rent during games. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.245.231.102 (talk) 22:55, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Generalization
This article read more like a (List of) events held at Lincoln Financial Field.

Regarding capacity, sources from 2018 list 69,596 [NFL] and 69,328 [the city]. For 2020, 69,796 (The Inquirer) or 69,176 (Erie Times-News). ESPN list 69,879. Neither 69,896. The earliest I could find something with a 71k capacity was after it's been in the article for two-three months, which is likely WP:CIRC. Respublik (talk) 09:21, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lincoln Financial Field


text:
Tektology

Tektology (sometimes transliterated as tectology) is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a new universal science that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems. Tektology is now regarded as a precursor of systems theory and related aspects of synergetics. The word "tectology" was introduced by Ernst Haeckel, but Bogdanov used it for a different purpose.

Overview
His work Tektology: Universal Organization Science, published in Russia between 1912 and 1917, anticipated many of the ideas that were popularized later by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics and Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the General Systems Theory. There are suggestions that both Wiener and von Bertalanffy might have read the German edition of Tektology which was published in 1928.

In Sources and Precursors of Bogdanov's Tectology, James White (1998) acknowledged the intellectual debt of Bogdanov's work on tectology to the ideas of Ludwig Noiré. His work drew on the ideas of Noiré who in the 1870s also attempted to construct a monistic system using the principle of conservation of energy as one of its structural elements.

More recently, in her 2016 book Molecular Red: Theory for the Anthropocene, McKenzie Wark attempts to establish Bogdanov as a precursor to contemporary Anthropocene theorists, like Donna Haraway, by considering Bogdanov's works of fiction as an extension of his general work in Tectology. In this, Wark also considers Tectology as an alternative to the Soviet state philosophy of dialectical materialism, which may help in explaining Lenin's vehement opposition to Tectology in his own Materialism and Empirio-Criticism.

Topics in tectology
According to Bogdanov "the aim of Tectology is the systematization of organized experience", through the identification of universal organizational principles: "all things are organizational, all complexes could only be understood through their organizational character." Bogdanov considered that any complex should correspond to its environment and adapt to it. A stable and organized complex is greater than the sum of its parts. In Tectology, the term 'stability' refers not to a dynamic stability, but to the possibility of preserving the complex in the given environment. A 'complex' is not identical to a 'complicated, a hard-to-comprehend, large unit.

In Tectology, Bogdanov made the first 'modern' attempt to formulate the most general laws of organization. Tectology addressed issues such as holistic, emergent phenomena and systemic development. Tectology as a constructive science built elements into a functional entity using general laws of organization.

According to his "empirio-monistic" principle (1899), he does not recognize differences between observation and perception and thus creates the beginning of a general empirical, trans-disciplinary science of physical organization, as an expedient unity and precursor of Systems Theory and Holism.

The "whole" in Tectology, and the laws of its integrity, were derived from biological rather than the physicalistic view of the world. Regarding the three scientific cycles which comprise the basis of Tectology (mathematical, physico-biological, and natural-philosophical), it is from the physico-biological cycle that the central concepts have been taken and universalized.

The starting point in Bogdanov's Universal Science of Organization - Tectology (1913-1922) was that nature has a general, organized character, with one set of laws of organization for all objects. This set of laws also organizes the internal development of the complex units, as implied by Simona Poustilnik's "macro-paradigm", which induces synergistic consequences into an adaptive assembling phenomenon (1995). Bogdanov's visionary view of nature was one of an 'organization' with interconnected systems.

Works
Alexander Bogdanov wrote several works about Tectology:
 * 1901, Poznanie s Istoricheskoi Tochki Zreniya (Knowledge from a Historical Viewpoint), St. Petersburg, 1901.
 * 1904, Empiriomonizm: Stat'i po Filosofii (Empiriomonism: Articles on Philosophy) in 3 volumes, Moscow, 1904-1906
 * 1912, Filosofiya Zhivogo Opyta: Populiarnye Ocherki (Philosophy of Living Experience: Popular Essays), St. Petersburg, 1912
 * 1922 Tektologiya: Vseobschaya Organizatsionnaya Nauka in 3 volumes, Berlin and Petrograd-Moscow, 1922.
 * 1980, English translation as Essays in Tektology: The General Science of Organization, trans. George Gorelik, Seaside, CA, Intersystems Publications, 1980.

title: Tektology


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Chiari, Lombardy

Chiari (Ciare) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. The 1701 Battle of Chiari was fought here during the War of the Spanish Succession. The town is the birthplace of Isidoro Chiari and Stefano Antonio Morcelli. The main church or duomo is the church of Santi Faustino e Giovita, Chiari.

Twin towns
Chiari is twinned with:

 * 🇮🇹 Valmadrera, Italy, since 2009
 * 🇪🇸 Algemesí, Spain, since 2014

Notable people

 * Lento Goffi, (1923-2008) poet, literary critic and journalist, born in Chiari.

Transport

 * Chiari railway station

title: Chiari, Lombardy


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Przemyśl County

Przemyśl County (powiat przemyski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Przemyśl, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county).

The county covers an area of 1213.73 km2. As of 2019 its total population is 74,234.

Neighbouring counties
Apart from the city of Przemyśl, Przemyśl County is also bordered by Bieszczady County to the south, Lesko County to the south-west, Sanok County, Brzozów County and Rzeszów County to the west, and Przeworsk County and Jarosław County to the north. It also borders Ukraine to the east.

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into 10 gminas. These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.

title: Przemyśl County


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Cigole

Cigole (Brescian: Sigole) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

title: Cigole


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South Park Republican

A South Park Republican is a person (especially a Republican) who holds center-right political beliefs influenced by the popular American animated television series South Park. Many may hold generally conservative views on fiscal issues, but more moderate or liberal in regard to social issues such as LGBT rights and abortion. The term is arguably a contemporary variation on the older classical liberal, with an overlay of pop culture aesthetic. The term was coined by Andrew Sullivan in 2001.

Political views of Trey Parker and Matt Stone
Trey Parker and Matt Stone, the two creators of South Park, have vocally expressed hatred of both the Republican and Democratic parties. At an online forum (South Park Studios Chat, May 10, 2001), Parker and Stone wrote that they hated both conservatives and liberals, with Stone famously commenting "I hate conservatives but I really fucking hate liberals". In 2006, Parker commented in an interview that they were aware of the concept of the South Park Republican and they both felt that they were "just pretty middle-ground guys".

Parker and Stone are often speculated to be libertarians. In an interview documented by the Rolling Stone in 2004, they both contended that the libertarian label which had been applied to them in recent years was not entirely appropriate. During an appearance on The Charlie Rose Show, Stone said that they "just play devil's advocate all the time", personifying both sides of the argument and taking "a little funny way out" to differ from the Hollywood liberals in the acting community.

At a 2006 conference in Amsterdam organized by Reason, Parker and Stone stated that if one had to put a label on them, it would be libertarian.

title: South Park Republican


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Uga (mascot)

Uga is the official live mascot of the University of Georgia Bulldogs. Since Uga I's introduction in 1956, every Uga has been owned by the Sonny Seiler family of Savannah, Georgia.

Background
The Uga mascots started in 1956 when Seiler brought a bulldog that was given to him as a wedding present by Frank Heard to Georgia's first home game of the season. Afterwards, head coach Wally Butts asked his permission to use the dog as Georgia's mascot, and around the same time a University of Georgia Law School fellow student and friend, Billy Young, suggested that he name it Uga, a play on the common abbreviation of the University of Georgia, UGA. Since then, every official Uga has been owned by and lived with the Seiler family in Savannah, Georgia. They also transport him to and from the events he attends as mascot.

Traditionally, the current Uga is present at every Georgia Bulldogs home football game, many away games, and other University-related functions and sports events, and usually wears a spiked collar and red jersey with varsity letter. The red jersey is Uga's typical "uniform," though he wears a green jersey on St. Patrick's Day. Other special appearances include 1982, when Uga IV attended the Heisman Trophy Ceremony in New York City wearing a tuxedo, and 2007, when Uga VI wore a black jersey for the "blackout" game against Auburn University. Uga's jersey is made from the same fabric as the players' official game jerseys, and he even has an official student identification card. He has a custom-built air conditioned dog house at Sanford Stadium and typically sits on or near bags of ice at games, as bulldogs are susceptible to heat stroke (a problem in the humid southeastern United States).

To date, 11 dogs have carried the name "Uga". Each has been descended from the original Uga, and has frequently been the son of the predecessor.

Deceased Ugas are interred in a mausoleum near the main entrance at the southwest corner of Sanford Stadium. A bronze plaque describing each dog's tenure and including an epitaph is engraved in front of each tomb. The tomb's original location was at the east end of Sanford Stadium, and Ugas I and II were originally buried there. Prior to its 1981 enclosure, the University moved the Uga graves to the west end. When the west endzone was enclosed in 1992, the Ugas were entombed in their current resting place, and a bronze, life-sized statue representing Uga was placed in front of the mausoleum. On game days, fans bring flowers and gifts to leave at the tombs of the past bulldogs who served as their team's mascot.

Several Ugas have retired as part of pre-game ceremonies, during which there is a "passing of the collar" and the new Uga begins his reign. During these ceremonies, the fans typically chant "Damn good dog," a tradition dating back to Uga I.

Uga as part of the team
Uga has been considered a part of the football team since the day Uga I, Sonny, was asked to be the official mascot. Uga has his own custom made jersey to wear at every game day that is made with the same materials as the football players' jerseys. His jersey also has his name stitched on the back. When Uga gets a new jersey, or another Uga is named the official mascot, the old jerseys are destroyed.

Uga officially becomes a part of the team through a ceremony on the football field before a game. The head coach will officially welcome the next Uga by placing the well-known spiked collar on the bulldog. Uga XI, the current Uga, received his collar on April 15, 2023, before the 2023 Spring Game.

In addition, Uga receives a varsity letter in the form of a plaque for his endless support for the athletes. The plaque is identical to those received by the athletes at the end of each season.

Uga travels with the team and stays in the same hotel as the players, in his own room with the Seilers. Uga X attended the Rose Bowl in 2018, becoming the first ever playoff Uga. He flew to Pasadena, California, with the team, attending all team events, supporting the football team through their playoff run in the 2017–2018 season.

Genealogy of Uga namesakes

 * Uga I ("Hood's Ole Dan", 1956–66) – Started the Uga mascot line. Was a grandson of a bulldog that accompanied the Georgia football team to its 1943 Rose Bowl victory. Won one Southeastern Conference football title (1959) and one Orange Bowl (1960). Sanford Stadium Epitaph: Damn Good Dog
 * Uga II ("Ole Dan's Uga", 1966–72) – Won two SEC football titles (1966, 1968), one Cotton Bowl (1966) and one national title (1968 Litkenhous poll). Epitaph: Not Bad for a Dog
 * Uga III ("Seiler's Uga Three", 1972–81) – Won two SEC titles (1976, 1980), one Peach Bowl (1973), one Sugar Bowl (1981) and one consensus national title (1980). Epitaph: How 'Bout This Dawg
 * Uga IV ("Seiler's Uga Four", 1981–90) – Won two SEC championships (1981, 1982) and one Cotton Bowl (1984). He was the first live mascot ever invited to a Heisman trophy presentation in 1982, and accompanied Herschel Walker to the Downtown Athletic Club wearing a custom-made black collar and tie. Epitaph: The Dog of the Decade
 * Uga V ("Uga IV's Magillicuddy II", 1990–99) – Won one Peach Bowl (1998). He was named in honor of Dan Magill, longtime Georgia tennis coach and Sports Information Director, and in honor of Magillicuddy I, who served as interim mascot for one game after Uga IV's death. He portrayed his father, Uga IV, in the motion picture Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, and was pictured on the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1997. In 1996, he famously lunged at Auburn wide receiver Robert Baker after he scored a touchdown. The pictures and video of this incident have been widely circulated as a symbol of the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry. Epitaph: "Nation's Best College Mascot" – Sports Illustrated
 * Uga VI ("Uga V's Whatchagot Loran", 1999–2008) – Won two SEC championships (2002, 2005), two Sugar Bowls (2003, 2008), one Peach Bowl (2006) and had more than 20 victories over ranked opponents, the most of any Uga to date. He was named in honor of Loran Smith, longtime Georgia football sideline reporter and past president of the Georgia Bulldog Club (During football games, when former radio announcer Larry Munson called on Smith for a sideline report, he would say "Loran, whadda ya got?"). He was the largest at 65 pounds, and held the best winning percentage at time of retirement; he also held the most wins as well. He died of congestive heart failure on June 27, 2008. Epitaph: A Big Dog For A Big Job, And He Handled It Well
 * Uga VII ("Loran's Best", 2008–09) – Also named in honor of Loran Smith. His tenure ended abruptly near the end of his second season when he died of heart failure on November 19, 2009. Epitaph: Gone Too Soon
 * Uga VIII ("Big Bad Bruce", 2010–11) – Named in honor of University of Georgia veterinarian Dr. Bruce Hollett. He was introduced at the October 16, 2010, homecoming game against Vanderbilt. On January 7, 2011, UGA officials announced that Uga VIII had been diagnosed with canine lymphoma, which led to his death on February 4, 2011. Epitaph: He Never Had A Chance
 * Uga IX ("Russ", 2012–15; interim mascot, 2009–12) – After the death of Uga VII, his five-year-old half-brother, Russ, was selected as interim mascot for the final two games of the 2009 season. He continued as interim mascot for the first six games of the 2010 season and participated in a "passing of the collar" ceremony for Uga VIII before the Homecoming game against Vanderbilt. Less than three months later, Russ was once again called on to serve at the 2010 AutoZone Liberty Bowl, due to a then-unspecified illness suffered by Uga VIII (later revealed to be canine lymphoma). After the death of Uga VIII five weeks later, it was announced that Russ would continue as interim mascot indefinitely. Russ served during the entire 2011 season as interim mascot, and UGA Director of Athletics Greg McGarity announced on August 30, 2012, that Russ received a "battlefield promotion" and would assume the title of Uga IX. The official ceremony was conducted prior to the Georgia vs. Florida Atlantic home football game on Saturday, September 15, 2012.  Uga IX died of natural causes on December 21, 2015, at 11 years-old. He was the only official Uga mascot to date that had visible brown markings, as other members were selected for an all-white hair coat or had markings that were hidden from view by the jersey. Epitaph: He endeared himself to the Georgia people. His dedication to duty when called upon was exemplary.
 * Uga X ("Que", 2015–23) – Won two SEC championships (2017, 2022), one Rose Bowl (2018), one Sugar Bowl (2020), two Peach Bowls (2021, 2022), one Orange Bowl (2021) and two CFP National Championships (2022, 2023). A grandson of Uga IX, he was introduced at the November 21, 2015, game against Georgia Southern. At his retirement, he was the winningest Uga by total number of wins and percentage. In 2022, Uga X, and by extension all Uga's, were inducted in the Mascot Hall of Fame.    Uga X died on January 23, 2024, at the age of 10. Epitaph: 'Nuff Said
 * Uga XI ("Boom," 2023–present) – Won one Orange Bowl (2023). The collar was passed to Uga XI prior to the G-Day public spring scrimmage on April 15, 2023.

Temporary mascots
Since 1956, four other bulldogs (three of which were from the Uga family line) have served as temporary sideline mascots when the current Uga was not available. The bulldog later known as Uga IX served two terms as an interim mascot before officially becoming Uga IX.
 * Bugga Lou – 1971 – This unrelated, female, brown-and-white bulldog filled in for an ailing Uga II at the South Carolina and Florida games during the 1971 season.
 * Argos/Knute – 1972 – The dog's given name at birth was Argos, but he had been given to another family member and had his name changed to Knute before he was called into service. Knute served as interim mascot for the first game of the 1972 season against Baylor, since Uga II had died and the future Uga III wasn't deemed to be mature enough to serve yet. Uga III was introduced for the second game of the 1972 season against North Carolina.
 * Otto – 1986 – Otto, the older brother of Uga IV, filled in for him during four games in the 1986 season after Uga IV injured his left knee jumping off a hotel bed prior to a game against Vanderbilt. Otto compiled a 3–1 record and also served as co-mascot for the Georgia Tech game that year with Uga IV. Legendary former coach Vince Dooley has said that Otto was his favorite Georgia mascot, "because he came off the bench and got the job done."
 * Magillicuddy I – 1989 – He filled in for an ailing Uga IV, his brother, at the 1989 Peach Bowl. Uga IV died after the end of the 1989 season, but Magillicuddy was considered to be too old to be named the new mascot.

Georgia mascot history prior to Uga
Georgia officially claims the following animals as live mascots prior to the introduction of the Uga line in 1956.
 * "Sir William" 1892 – A goat. Appeared at the Georgia–Mercer game on January 30, 1892 and first Auburn–Georgia game on February 22, 1892. It was dressed in a black coat with the letters "U.G." in red on each side.
 * Trilby – 1894 – Georgia's first canine mascot, Trilby was a solid white female Bull Terrier owned by student Charles Black Sr. of Atlanta. After Trilby's 1894 reign, there is no official mascot acknowledged by the university for 50 years. According to the 2011 Georgia football media guide, "... chaos developed in the mascot department at the University. Many games had several, depending on which alumnus got his dog to the game first."
 * Mr. Angel – 1944–46 – Mr. Angel was a brindle-and-white English Bulldog owned by Warren Coleman, a physician from Eastman, Georgia.
 * Butch and Tuffy – 1947–48 (both), 1948–51 (only Butch) – Butch and Tuffy were brindled English Bulldogs owned by Mabry Smith of Warner Robins, Georgia. Smith agreed to loan the dogs to the University for use as mascots after bringing them to the 1946 Georgia Tech game (which was the final game of the 1946 regular season). Tuffy died of a heart attack after the 1948 Kentucky game, but Butch served by himself until he was shot and killed by a Warner Robins policeman while roaming the streets in the summer of 1951 after escaping from his pen.
 * Mike – 1951–55 – Mike was a brindled English Bulldog owned by C.L. Fain, and during his time as mascot, he lived in the campus field house. Mike died due to natural causes in 1955. A bronze likeness of Mike stands outside of Memorial Hall on Georgia's campus near Sanford Stadium.

Criticism
The University of Georgia has faced criticism for perpetuating a problematic emphasis on purebred lineage, raising concerns about ethical considerations in the breeding of bulldogs. Detractors argue that the insistence on maintaining a specific bloodline for Uga has led to potential health issues for the mascot, such as respiratory problems and joint disorders commonly associated with inbreeding. Many organizations, like the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have argued that "the public doesn't want to see animals used as props or forced to perform."

Additionally, English bulldogs have developed myriad health conditions due to inbreeding — including breathing difficulties, hip dysplasia and heart disorders - which many descendants of Uga have died from. Critics also contend that the emphasis on pedigree overlooks the many capable and healthy bulldogs available for mascot duties, promoting a narrow view of canine excellence. This approach raises questions about the ethical treatment of animals and the necessity of prioritizing pedigree over the well-being of the mascot.

title: Uga (mascot)


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Cimbergo

Cimbergo (Camunian: Himbèrg) is an Italian comune of 572 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

Geography
Cimbergo is located above the left bank of the river Oglio. Neighbouring communes are Capo di Ponte, Cedegolo, Ceto, Cevo and Paspardo.

History
The area of Cimbergo was populated by ancient: there are hundreds stone carvings on its territory.

In 1378 Guelphs and Ghibellines of Valcamonica tried to sign a peace in the Castle of Cimbergo.

Bartholomew of Cemmo on the 28 May 1430 obtained the investiture in the Basilica of San Marco in Venice of the county of Cemmo-Cimbergo.

Bartholomew lost the county before the end of the 1430s, because of its overtly political side of Milan, so it was donated to Trent counts Lodrone.

Between 1805 and 1809 Cimbergo joined Paspardo with the name of "Cimbergo con Paspardo".

In 1810 the municipality of Cimbergo buy the castle from Lodrone who reside there for some time and turns it into a cemetery, after which the land will be sold to individuals. In 1849, due to the failure of church bells, you decide to use the material for re-use of the castle, now abandoned, to build a new church-tower.

Between 1927 and 1947, is again united to Cimbergo Paspardo with the name of Cimbergo-Paspardo.

In 2008 the municipality of Cimbergo unable to regain all the land around the castle.

Religious architectures
The churches of Cimbergo are:
 * Parish Church of Santa Maria Assunta, formerly dedicated to St. Martin.
 * The church of San Giovanni Battista.

Military buildings

 * Castle of Cimbergo

UNESCO sites

 * Reserva naturale Incioni rupestri di Ceto, Cimbergo e Paspardo.

Traditions and folklore
The scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The one which characterize the people of Cimbergo is Himbergòcc, Bahtì, Baitì.

title: Cimbergo


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Syed Ali Shah Geelani

Syed Ali Shah Geelani (29 September 1929 – 1 September 2021) was an Islamist, pro-Pakistan  Kashmiri-separatist leader in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, regarded as the father of the Kashmiri jihad.

Geelani helped found the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) in 1993 and served as its chairman from 1998 to 2000. In 2003, he formed his own faction of which he was later elected as the lifetime chairman. He founded the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat party in 2004, which became the leading organisation in the separate "Geelani faction" of the Hurriyat Conference. Geelani served as its chairman until he quit the position in March 2018, though remaining the chairman of his faction of APHC.

He was a member of Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir since 1953, and was regarded as one of its most significant leaders. Geelani was also a three-time Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Sopore constituency, elected on a Jamaat-e-Islami ticket in 1972, 1977 and in 1987.

Early life
Syed Ali Geelani was born in 1929 in a village called Zurimanz, in the Bandipora tehsil, in the Baramulla district of North Kashmir. He was the son of a landless labourer in the canals department. Geelani was educated partly in Sopore and the rest in Lahore. He studied in a madrasa attached to the Masjid Wazir Khan and later enrolled in the Oriental College. He completed Adib 'Alim, a course in Islamic theology.

Career
Returning to Kashmir after studies in Lahore, Geelani became active in the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference. He was appointed the secretary of the party unit in Zurimanj. In 1946, during the Quit Kashmir movement of the National Conference, he came in contact with Maulana Sayeed Masoodi, the general secretary of the National Conference, who took a liking to him and made him a reporter to the party newspaper Akhbar-i-Khidmat.

Masoodi also sponsored further studies for Geelani, who completed an adib-i-fazil course in Urdu and other courses in Persian and English. After this, he took a job as a school teacher, first at Pathar Masjid and later at Rainawari in Srinagar. Here he came in contact with Saaduddin Tarabali, a follower of the Jamaat-e-Islami founder Maulana Abul A'la Maududi. Maududi advocated a hardline Islamist ideology, whereby Islam had to be the foundation of the entire political order. Geelani had borrowed a book of Maududi from the local book store, which made a deep impression upon him. He was to later say, Maududi had "beautifully.. expressed the feelings that lay deep down in my own heart". The National Conference headquarters, Mujahid Manzil, where Geelani apparently stayed, soon began to be seen as "a den of Pakistanis".

Geelani was soon moved out of Srinagar, and he came to work in the Intermediate College in Sopore. He stayed in this position for six years. During this time, he was reading the literature of Jamaat-e-Islami and conveying its contents to his students in lectures. He also addressed congregations in mosques. He had become a full-fledged member of Jamaat in 1952.

Electoral politics
Geelani entered into electoral politics ahead of the 1971 Indian general election. Geelani had claimed that the Jamaat-e-Islami wanted to use it as an opportunity to spread its ideology, keep the Kashmir issue in prominence and protect basic and fundamental rights of the people. Geelani contested as an independent candidate but lost to Syed Ahmed Aga, with the Jamaat alleging ballot rigging.

He participated in the 1972 legislative assembly election from Sopore. He won from the seat in that year and again in the 1977 legislative assembly election. He was however defeated in the 1983 election due to the sympathy wave generated for the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference by the death of Sheikh Abdullah. Geelani also contested the 1977 Indian general election as an independent candidate due to the banning of Jamaat in 1975, but lost to Abdul Ahad Vakil.

In the 1987 legislative assembly election, Jamaat-e-Islami candidates including Geelani participated under a coalition of parties called the Muslim United Front (MUF). Geelani won the seat from Sopore, but was expelled from the MUF in 1988. Geelani resigned as an MLA in August 1989 due to alleged widespread ballot rigging in the 1987 election.

Separatist leader
Geelani was viewed as a key separatist leader in Kashmir. Omar Abdullah, former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, blamed Geelani for the rise in militancy and bloodshed in Kashmir, while his father and former Union Minister Farooq Abdullah urged Geelani to follow a path which would "save Kashmiri people from further destruction".

He was one of the founding members of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC), an alliance of Kashmiri social and political organisations who supported a referendum for Kashmir, in 1993 and was the initial choice for the position of its chairman. Mirwaiz Umar Farooq was however chosen instead due to the secular organisations forming majority of the alliance. Geelani became the chairman in 1998, and was replaced by Abdul Ghani Bhat on 20 July 2000.

Geelani later sought to turn the Hurriyat into a pro-Pakistan and pro-jihadist organisation. He also criticised the Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference for fielding proxy candidates in the 2002 assembly election and sought its removal, threatening to launch his own party. In May 2003, the Jamaat-e-Islami removed him as its representative from the executive body of Hurriyat in order to counter hardliners in the organisation. In August 2003 it removed him from the position of head of its political bureau, appointing Ashraf Sehrai in his place.

The appointment of Mohammad Abbas Ansari as chairman of Hurriyat precipitated a crisis in the organisation and it split in September 2003. Geelani formed his own faction within the Hurriyat Conference, called the "All Parties Hurriyat Conference (G)", in September 2003 and was elected as its chairman for three years, replacing its interim chairman Masarat Alam Bhat. It consists of 24 parties. In 2006 he was re-elected for a term of three years despite expressing his desire to step down owing to ill health. In 2015, he was appointed as the lifetime chairman of the faction.

In February 2004, he sought to form his own party. The Jamaat-e-Islami prohibited him from doing so and suspended him. In response, he dropped the idea for launching the party and tried to take over the leadership of the organisation. Bowing to the pressure, the Jamaat readmitted him in August 2004 and allowed him to form his own party. In the same month he founded the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat and was elected as its chairman for three years in October 2004. He was re-elected to the position for three year-terms consecutively in 2007, 2010 and 2013. In 2017 he was given a year-long extension after the party failed to hold regular elections in 2016 due to the 2016–2017 Kashmir unrest.

Jammat-e-Islami removed Geelani from its advisory council in 2005. It later started distancing itself from him and stated that he did not represent them, but the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat. In April 2010 it temporarily expelled him from the organisation due to him defending the freedom of the author of his biography Qaid-e-Inqilab – Ek Tareekh, Ek Tehreek over making derogatory remarks against the party, but later restored him as a basic member (rukun).

Geelani had called for numerous general strikes or shutdowns, in response to the deaths of unnamed suspected militants, local militants and death of civilians in Kashmir.

Geelani had appealed to people of Kashmir to boycott the 2014 legislative assembly elections completely, not accepting the proposals for self-rule or autonomy that had been offered by the People's Democratic Party and the then ruling National Conference. Despite repeated boycott appeals, the elections had record voter turnout of more than 65%, which was the highest in 25 years of history of the state. After record voting percentage in Kashmir, Geelani, along with other separatists, were criticised by Indian media for misleading people of Kashmir and for not representing true sentiments of Kashmiri people.

Geelani received the invitation to participate in the annual meeting of the foreign ministers of member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Kashmir Contact Group to be held in New York from 27 September 2015. After the killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani and the unrest that followed it, to restore normalcy in Kashmir, Geelani sent a letter to United Nations listing six confidence-building measures.

In March 2018, Geelani announced his resignation as chairman of the Tehreek-e-Hurriyat citing ill health, being replaced with Ashraf Sehrai. However he remained the chairman of his faction of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference. In June 2020 he announced his resignation from the faction, accusing it of nepotism and corruption, in addition to misinterpreting his speeches and taking decisions without him. It however refused to accept his resignation and did not name a new chairman until after his death.

Sedition charge
On 29 November 2010, Geelani, along with writer Arundhati Roy, activist Varavara Rao and three others, was charged under "sections 124A (sedition), 153A (promoting enmity between classes), 153B (imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration), 504 (insult intended to provoke breach of peace) and 505 (false statement, rumour circulated with intent to cause mutiny or offence against public peace...) to be read with Section 13 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of 1967". The charges, which carried a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, were the result of a self-titled seminar they gave in New Delhi, "Azadi-the Only Way" on 21 October, at which Geelani was heckled.

Personal life
Geelani lived in Hyderpora, Srinagar. Geelani has 2 sons; Nayeem and Naseem, and four daughters; Anisha, Farhat Jabeen, Zamshida, and Chamshida. Anisha and Farhat are Geelani's daughters from his second marriage. Nayeem and his wife are both doctors who used to live and practise medicine in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, but they returned to India in 2010. Geelani's younger son, Naseem works at an agricultural university in Srinagar. Geelani's grandson Izhaar is a crew member in a private airline in India. Geelani's daughter Farhat is a madani teacher in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and her husband is an engineer there. Geelani's other grandchildren are studying in leading schools of India. His cousin Ghulam Nabi Fai is presently in London. Ruwa Shah, daughter of Kashmiri separatist Altaf Ahmad Shah (SAS Geelani's son-in-law) is a journalist. She previously worked as a journalist in India with organisations including the Al Jazeera, IANS and The Indian Express.

Health issues, passport suspension and house arrest
Geelani's passport was seized in 1981 due to accusations of "anti-India" activities. With the exception of his Hajj pilgrimage in 2006, he has not been allowed to leave India. He was diagnosed with renal cancer, and advised treatment from abroad in the same year. On the then Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's intervention, the government returned Geelani's passport to his son. In 2007, his condition worsened, although in the early stages of the cancer, it was life-threatening and surgery was advised. Geelani was set to travel to either the UK or the United States. However, his visa request was rejected by the American government citing his violent approach in Kashmir conflict and he went to Mumbai for surgery. His supporters and family alleged that this was a "human rights violation".

On 6 March 2014, Geelani fell ill with a severe chest infection, shortly after returning to his home in Srinagar. He has been under house arrest for most of the time since 2010, and was put under house arrest again on his return. In May 2015, Geelani applied for passport to visit his daughter in Saudi Arabia. The Indian government withheld it citing technical reasons, including the fact that he deliberately failed to fill in the nationality column required in the application. On 21 July, the Government granted him a passport on humanitarian grounds, with a validity of nine months, after Geelani acknowledged his nationality as an Indian.

Death rumour
On 12 March 2014, rumors of Geelani's death, spread by edits to his Wikipedia entry, "a particular Hindi news channel", and pages on Facebook led the government of Kashmir to suspend internet and phone service, according to some sources. However, the then Chief Minister Omar Abdullah said that the failures had nothing to do with Geelani's health and were due to a snapped power line as well as an optical fibre cut due to heavy snowfall, which left most of the valley without power. The cuts in Internet service, hours after a statement by Hurriyat that Geelani would be flown to New Delhi for medical treatment, were blamed for spreading the rumours.

FEMA case
After the 2019 Pulwama attack, India took stronger action against pro-Pakistan separatists including Geelani. The Enforcement Directorate levied a penalty of ₹14.40 lakh and ordered confiscation of nearly ₹6.8 lakh in connection with a Foreign Exchange Management Act case against him for illegal possession of foreign exchange.

Death
Geelani reportedly developed breathing complications and died on 1 September 2021 at his Hyderpora residence in Srinagar due to his prolonged illness. His son Naseem alleged that police raided the house, took the body forcibly and buried it in a graveyard in his Hyderpora locality in the middle of the night. According to Naseem, no one from the close family was allowed to attend the burial, but they visited the grave next morning. Dilbag Singh, the Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police, however denied the allegations.

Restrictions on travel and internet were imposed in Kashmir soon after Geelani's death. On 2 September 2021, FIR was registered against his family members under UAPA for clothing his body with a Pakistani flag and for allegedly raising “anti-national” slogans.

Kashmiri political leaders, as well as members of Government of Pakistan, condoled his death. Prime Minister Imran Khan ordered flags to be flown at half-mast to mourn his death.

Honours and awards
On 14 August 2020, Pakistani President Arif Alvi conferred Nishan-e-Pakistan, Pakistan's highest civil award on Geelani to recognise his decades-long struggle for Kashmiris’ right to self-determination.

Views
In February 2014, he said prisoners in Kashmir "are the victims of custodial violence and are harassed in Indian jails especially in Tihar Jail" after an incident where parents of Javaid Ahmad Khan, serving a life sentence, "had travelled thousands of kilometres and invested a lot of money to reach Delhi to meet their jailed son but were denied a meeting with him. "This is state terrorism", he said.

He is viewed as sympathetic to Jamat-e-Islami. His official residence was viewed as Jamat property before he donated it to the Milli Trust.

Geelani called Islamist leader and founder of the Jamaat-e-Islami, Abul A'la Maududi his mentor.

In November 2011, Geelani called for protests against the alleged "objectionable anti-Islamic" content on the social networking website Facebook, which he described as a "satanic audacity". His call triggered protests in various parts of the Kashmir valley, leading to minor clashes between the protestors and the security forces.

Geelani condemned the killing of Osama bin Laden by the US. After Bin Laden's death in May 2011, Geelani said that he would lead last rite prayers in absentia in Srinagar for the slain al-Qaeda leader. After holding prayers for Osama in congregation of thousands of Kashmiris, a European Union delegation snubbed Geelani by cancelling a scheduled meeting with him. He further supported 2001 Indian Parliament attack accused Afzal Guru and one of 2008 Mumbai Attacks masterminds and Lashkar-e-Taiba chief Hafiz Saeed.

Kashmir
Geelani said that while Pakistan supported "the indigenous struggle of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, morally, diplomatically and politically ... this does not mean Pakistan can take a decision on our behalf."

Geelani would only support a dialogue process aimed at resolving Kashmir issue in accordance with the wishes and aspirations of the people of the state. But he believed that dialogue between India and Pakistan starts under diplomatic compulsions, and it is nothing but just a time delaying tactics. He was of the opinion that Kashmiris are not enemies of India or hold any grudge against its inhabitants. We are desirous of a strong India and Pakistan and it is only possible when Kashmir issue is resolved to pave the way for peace, prosperity and development in the region.

He said, "Kashmir is not any border dispute between India and Pakistan which they can solve by bilateral understandings. It is the issue concerning future of 15 million people. The Hurriyat is not in principle against a dialogue process but without involvement of Kashmiri people, such a process has proved meaningless in the past. We don't have any expectations of it being fruitful in future too." He further stated, "India should immediately and unconditionally release political prisoners, and withdraw cases against youth, which are pending in the courts for the past 20 years."

Separatism and relations with Pakistan
Geelani has been repeatedly criticised by Indian authorities for inciting violence in the Kashmir Valley and working as offshoot of Pakistan. Geelani said openly that he was not Indian. "Travelling on the Indian passport is a compulsion of every Kashmiri as Kashmir is an Internationally accepted Disputed region between India and Pakistan" are his words when applying for Indian Passport. "We are Pakistani; Pakistan is ours," he said in a big gathering of his supporters.

While Geelani's personal opinion about Kashmir was that it be merged with Pakistan, he stood up against both Indian and Pakistani governments, including former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf, who did not support Kashmiri people's right to self-determination.

Sheikh Mustafa Kamal, a senior leader of Jammu & Kashmir National Conference and son of Sheikh Abdullah criticised Geelani for working on "dictations" given by Pakistan. He accused Geelani of being "a double agent" on "the payroll of Pakistan's ISI".

Pakistan also openly supported Geelani, the three-member delegation from Pakistan High Commission led by Abdul Basit met Geelani at his Malviya Nagar residence in March 2015. Pakistan High Commissioner Abdul Basit assured Geelani of complete support conveying that the country's stand on Kashmir remains unchanged despite regime change in New Delhi. Abdul Basit also invited Geelani for Pakistan Day function on 23 March. Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi, ritually invites pro-separatist leadership of Jammu and Kashmir. On 14 August, the Pakistani government awarded him its highest civilian award, the Nishan-e-Pakistan.

In the last few decades, Geelani refused any proposal from Governments of India and Pakistan and was consistent in his demand for the United Nations promised plebiscite of 1948.

Books
Some of his works include:
 * Rūdād-i qafas, 1993. Author's memoirs of his imprisonment.
 * Navā-yi ḥurriyyat, 1994. Collection of letters, columns and interviews on Kashmir issue.
 * Dīd o shunīd, 2005. Compilation based on answers to the various questions relating to Kashmir issue.
 * Bhārat ke istiʻmārī ḥarbe! : Kurālah Gunḍ se Jodhpūr tak!, 2006. Autobiographical reminiscences with special reference to his struggle for the liberation of Kashmir.
 * Sadāʼe dard : majmuvʻah taqārīr, 2006. Collection of speeches on Kashmir issue.
 * Millat-i maz̤lūm, 2006. Collection of articles and columns on various issues of Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to autonomy and independence movements of Kashmir.
 * Safar-i Maḥmūd z̲ikr-i maẓlūm, 2007. Compilation based on answers to the various questions relating to Kashmir issue.
 * Maqtal se vāpsī : Rāncī jail ke shab o roz, 2008. Autobiographical reminiscences.
 * Iqbāl rūḥ-i dīn kā shanāsā, 2009. Study on the works of Muhammad Iqbal.
 * ʻĪdain, 2011. Collection of sermons delivered on the occasion of Eid ul Fitr, Eid ul Adha, and Friday prayers.
 * Vullar kināre : āp bītī, 2012. Autobiography.
 * Qissa e Dard
 * Muqadma al-haq
 * Tu baaki nahi
 * Mera pyaar aur hai
 * Talkh haqayak
 * Elaan-e jungbandi
 * Hijrat aur shahadat
 * Qurbani
 * Umeed-i bahar
 * Payam-e aakhreen

Letters
Source:
 * A letter to V.P. Singh.
 * A letter to Chandra Shekhar.

Others
Source:
 * Vinoba Bhave se mulaqaat . Pamphlet, about a meeting with Indian social reformer Vinoba Bhave.
 * Aulaad-e Ibrahim . Pamphlet.
 * Ek pahlu yeh bhi hai Kashmir ki tasvir ka . Pamphlet.
 * Qaul-e-Faisal
 * 11 September ke baad
 * Rasool-e rahmat aasir-i hazir main
 * Iqbal apni paygam ki roshni mein
 * Shayad ki utar jaaye tere dil mein meri baat
 * Wa'tasimu bihablillahi jamia
 * Shadath Gahe Ulfat
 * Rahravani ishq
 * Kunu Ansarullah
 * Kar-i jahan be-sabaat
 * Kargil

title: Syed Ali Shah Geelani


text:
Miniaturization

Miniaturization (Br.Eng.: miniaturisation) is the trend to manufacture ever-smaller mechanical, optical, and electronic products and devices. Examples include miniaturization of mobile phones, computers and vehicle engine downsizing. In electronics, the exponential scaling and miniaturization of silicon MOSFETs (MOS transistors) leads to the number of transistors on an integrated circuit chip doubling every two years, an observation known as Moore's law. This leads to MOS integrated circuits such as microprocessors and memory chips being built with increasing transistor density, faster performance, and lower power consumption, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.

Electronic circuits
The history of miniaturization is associated with the history of information technology based on the succession of switching devices, each smaller, faster, and cheaper than its predecessor. During the period referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution (c. 1870–1914), miniaturization was confined to two-dimensional electronic circuits used for the manipulation of information. This orientation is demonstrated in the use of vacuum tubes in the first general-purpose computers. The technology gave way to the development of transistors in the 1950s and then the integrated circuit (IC) approach which followed. The MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) was invented by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959, and demonstrated in 1960. It was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturized and mass-produced for a wide range of uses, due to its high scalability and low power consumption, leading to increasing transistor density. This made it possible to build high-density IC chips, with reduced cost-per-transistor as transistor density increased.

In the early 1960s, Gordon Moore, who later founded Intel, recognized that the ideal electrical and scaling characteristics of MOSFET devices would lead to rapidly increasing integration levels and unparalleled growth in electronic applications. Moore's law, which he described in 1965, and which was later named after him, predicted that the number of transistors on an IC for minimum component cost would double every 18 months. In 1974, Robert H. Dennard at IBM recognized the rapid MOSFET scaling technology and formulated the related Dennard scaling rule. Moore described the development of miniaturization during the 1975 International Electron Devices Meeting, confirming his earlier predictions.

By 2004, electronics companies were producing silicon IC chips with switching MOSFETs that had feature size as small as 130 nanometers (nm) and development was also underway for chips a few nanometers in size through the nanotechnology initiative. The focus is to make components smaller to increase the number that can be integrated into a single wafer and this required critical innovations, which include increasing wafer size, the development of sophisticated metal connections between the chip's circuits, and improvement in the polymers used for masks (photoresists) in the photolithography processes. These last two are the areas where miniaturization has moved into the nanometer range.

Other fields
Miniaturization became a trend in the last fifty years and came to cover not just electronic but also mechanical devices. The process for miniaturizing mechanical devices is more complex due to the way the structural properties of mechanical parts change as they are reduced in scale. It has been said that the so-called Third Industrial Revolution (1969 – c. 2015) is based on economically viable technologies that can shrink three-dimensional objects.

In medical technology, engineers and designers have been exploring miniaturization to shrink components to the micro and nanometer range. Smaller devices can have lower cost, be made more portable (e.g.: for ambulances), and allow simpler and less invasive medical procedures.

title: Miniaturization


text:
File:Fefe Dobson (album).png

Summary
The album cover for Fefe Dobson's first studio album Fefe Dobson.

Fair use rationale for Fefe Dobson (album)

 * The image will be used for identification and critical commentary in the Sunday Love article and other related articles.
 * The use is purely for non-profit reasons, and to educate users on the music in question.
 * It is a low resolution image of the album cover, making it unusable for commercial use.
 * It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell or market the music or its services in any way.
 * As a copyrighted image, there is no known free alternative available. If a free alternative is found, this image should be nominated for deletion as obsolete.

title: File:Fefe Dobson (album).png


text:
User:Interpretix

Active on de: There mostly engaged in On this day (Was geschah am ...?) on the Main Page (which includes fact checking and -sometimes- re-writing articles), as we ( unlike most other Wikipedias ) present different entries/articles each year.

de:Benutzer:Interpretix

title: User:Interpretix


text:
Cividate

Cividate may refer to one of several towns/comunes in Italy:

 * Cividate Camuno, in the province of Brescia
 * Cividate al Piano, in the province of Bergamo

title: Cividate


text:
Krosno County

Krosno County (powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Krosno, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Jedlicze, Rymanów, Dukla, and Iwonicz-Zdrój.

The county covers an area of 923.79 km2. As of 2019 its total population is 112,301, out of which the population of Jedlicze is 5,736, that of Rymanów is 3,825, that of Dukla is 2,061, that of Iwonicz-Zdrój is 1,787, and the rural population is 98,892.

Neighbouring counties
Apart from the city of Krosno, Krosno County is bordered by Jasło County to the west, Strzyżów County to the north, and Brzozów County and Sanok County to the east. It also borders Slovakia to the south.

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into ten gminas (four urban-rural and six rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population. (There were previously only nine gminas; Gmina Jaśliska was separated from Gmina Dukla as of January 1, 2010.)

Government
In the Sejm and Senate, the county is part of the Krosno constituency and Senate constituency no. 57 respectively.

title: Krosno County


text: Category:Lieutenant Governors of Quebec

title: Category:Lieutenant Governors of Quebec


text:
30th Canadian Parliament

The 30th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 30, 1974, until March 26, 1979. The membership was set by the 1974 election on July 8, 1974, and was only changed somewhat due to resignations and by-elections before it was dissolved prior to the 1979 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority led by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 20th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by Robert Stanfield, and then by Joe Clark.

The sessions were prorogued (reason unknown currently).

The Speaker was James Jerome. See also the List of Canadian electoral districts 1966-1976 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 30th Parliament:

Party standings
The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution were as follows:

Members of the House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons in the 30th parliament arranged by province.

Nova Scotia

 * * Robert McCleave resigned to become a judge and was replaced by Howard Crosby in a 1978 by-election

New Brunswick

 * * Robert Fairweather resigned to become Canada's first Human Rights Commissioner and was replaced by Robert Corbett in a 1978 by-election
 * ** Jean-Eudes Dubé resigned and was replaced by Maurice Harquail in a 1975 by-election

Quebec

 * * Gérard Pelletier left parliament to become ambassador to France he was replaced by Jacques Lavoie on October 14, 1975, after a by-election. On June 14, 1977 Lavoie quite the PC party and crossed the floor to join the Liberals.
 * ** Jean Marchand left parliament and was replaced by J. Gilles Lamontagne in a May 25, 1977, by-election
 * *** André-Gilles Fortin was killed in a car accident and was replaced by Richard Janelle in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * † Albanie Morin died in office and was replaced by Dennis Dawson in a May 25, 1977, by-election.
 * †† Claude Wagner left parliament to accept a seat in the Senate and was replaced by Marcel Ostiguy in an October 16, 1978, by-election
 * ††† Réal Caouette died in office and was replaced by his son Gilles Caouette in a May 24, 1977, by-election
 * ‡ Bryce Mackasey resigned from parliament and was replaced by Pierre Savard in a May 24, 1977, by-election
 * ‡‡ Bud Drury resigned and was replaced by Donald Johnston in an October 16, 1977, by-election.

Ontario

 * * John Gilbert resigned from parliament in April 1978 to become a judge and was replaced by Bob Rae in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * ** Mitchell Sharp retired from politics and was replaced by Rob Parker in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * *** Sean O'Sullivan left parliament to become a priest and was replaced by Geoffrey Scott in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * † John Turner quit parliament in protest of the government's decision to implement wage and price controls he was replaced by Jean Pigott in an October 18, 1976, by-election.
 * †† Hugh Poulin left parliament in April 1978 to become a judge and was replaced by Robert de Cotret in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * ††† Stanley Haidasz left parliament to be appointed to the Senate he was replaced by Yuri Shymko in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * ‡ Donald Stovel Macdonald left parliament and was replaced by David Crombie in an October 16, 1978, by-election.
 * ‡‡ Robert Stanbury left parliament and was replaced by William Paul McCrossan in an October 16, 1978, by-election.

Manitoba

 * * Joseph-Phillippe Guay left parliament and was replaced by Jack Hare in an October 16, 1978, by-election.

title: 30th Canadian Parliament


text:
User talk:Ptemples

ClockworkTroll 19:22, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Ptemples


text:
User talk:Jhd

ClockworkTroll 19:22, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for that catch. I only started contributing a few weeks ago, but I love this place. Now that you have read that article, do you have any ideas for how it could be improved? --TheSoundAndTheFury (talk) 12:59, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jhd


text:
Cividate al Piano

Cividate al Piano (Bergamasque: Siedàt or Seedàt) is a town and comune in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy.

In 1191 the municipal territory was the seat of the battle of Rudiano between the communes of Bergamo, supported by Cremona, and those of Brescia, supported by Milan.

The Italian tenor Eliodoro Bianchi was born in Cividate al Piano in 1773.

title: Cividate al Piano


text:
Psalm 151

Psalm 151 is a short psalm found in most copies of the Septuagint (LXX), but not in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible. The title given to this psalm in the Septuagint indicates that it is supernumerary, as no number is affixed to it. The psalm is ascribed to David. It is also included in some manuscripts of the Peshitta. The psalm concerns the story of David and Goliath.

The Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic,Malankara Orthodox and Syrian Orthodox churches accept Psalm 151 as canonical. Protestants, and most Jews consider it apocryphal. However, it is found in some Catholic Bibles, as Catholics consider it non canonical, such as certain editions of the Latin Vulgate, as well as in some ecumenical translations, such as the Revised Standard Version. Psalm 151 is cited once in the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Breviary, as a responsory of the series from the books of Kings, the second in the Roman Breviary, together with (Greek 1–2 Kings = trad. 1–2 Samuel; Greek 3–4 Kings = trad. 1–2 Kings) in a text slightly different from that in the Vulgate. Athanasius of Alexandria mentions this psalm as being "especially the Psalm of David," and as being suited to occasions in which, "weak as you are, you people are chosen for some position of authority among the brethren."

Text
The title of the psalm states that it was written by David after his battle with Goliath. The psalm assumes familiarity with other Biblical passages, from which it draws phraseology. 1 I was small among my brothers,
 *    and the youngest in my father's house;
 * I tended my father's sheep.

2 My hands made a harp;
 *    my fingers fashioned a lyre.

3 And who will tell my Lord?
 *    The Lord Himself; it is He who hears.

4 It was he who sent His messenger
 *    and took me from my father's sheep,
 *    and anointed me with his anointing oil.

5 My brothers were handsome and tall,
 *    But the Lord was not pleased with them.

6 I went out to meet the Philistine,
 *    and he cursed me by his idols.

7 But I drew his own sword;
 *    I beheaded him, and took away disgrace from the people of Israel.

The Psalm 151 is preserved in Hebrew, Greek (LXX), and Syriac.

Dead Sea Scrolls discovery
For many years scholars believed that Psalm 151 was originally composed in Greek, based on the view that "there is no evidence that Psalm 151 ever existed in Hebrew."

However, Psalm 151 appears along with several canonical and non-canonical psalms in the scroll known as "The Great Psalms Scroll" or "11Q5," a scroll, dating from the 1st century, that was discovered in 1956. The editio princeps of this manuscript was first published in 1963 by James A. Sanders. This scroll contains two short Hebrew psalms which scholars now agree served as the basis for Psalm 151.

A Hebrew psalm known as “Psalm 151a” provides the source material for verses 1–5 of the Greek Psalm 151, while the remaining verses are derived from another Hebrew psalm, known as “Psalm 151b,” which is only partially preserved. The composer of the Greek Psalm apparently brought the two Hebrew psalms together in a manner that significantly changes their meaning and structure, but the influence of the Hebrew originals is still readily apparent. Where parts of the Greek version sometimes seem to make little sense or are ambiguous, the Hebrew text sheds light on the intended message or meaning. In comparison to the Hebrew text, Sanders regards the Greek text of this psalm to be in places “desiccated,” “meaningless,” “truncated,” “absurd,” “jumbled,” and “disappointingly different,” all as a result of its having been “made from a truncated amalgamation of the two Hebrew psalms.” On details of translation, structure, and meaning of this psalm, see also the works of Skehan, Brownlee, Carmignac, John Strugnell, Rabinowitz, Dupont-Sommer, and Flint.

Armenian liturgy
In the Armenian Church, Psalm 151 is recited as part of the Matins sequence of biblical poetic material, which includes canticles from the Old and New Testaments, Psalms 51, 148–150, and 113 (numbering according to the Septuagint). The Armenian version of Psalm 151 is close to the Septuagint, with some variation. Where verse 2 in Greek reads αἱ χεῖρές μου ἐποίησαν ὄργανον οἱ δάκτυλοί μου ἤροσαν ψαλτήριον "My hands made an instrument, my fingers fashioned the lyre," the Armenian has, Ձերք իմ արարին զսաղմոսարանս եւ մատունք իմ կազմեցին զգործի աւրհնութեան "My hands made the lyres (Armenian զսաղմոսարանս can then means also 'Psalm-books' 'psalters') and my fingers fashioned the instrument of blessing."

Coptic liturgy
In the Coptic Church, Psalm 151 is recited at the start of the Bright Saturday Vigil, also known as the Apocalypse Vigil. The words of the psalm are interpreted as a Messianic prophecy concerning Christ's defeat of Satan.

English versions
Besides being available in Orthodox or ecumenical editions of modern translations since 1977 (Revised Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version, English Standard Version, Orthodox Study Bible, Contemporary English Version, Common English Bible), there are a number of English translations now in the public domain. William Whiston included it in his Authentic Records. It can be found in translations by Charles Thomson to Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, and in Adam Clarke's commentary. It is included in Sabine Baring-Gould's Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets, William Digby Seymour's Hebrew Psalter, and William Ralph Churton's Uncanonical and Apocryphal Scriptures. William Wright published a translation of the Syriac version in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, June 1887, and A. A. Brockway published a translation from the Coptic in the January 27, 1898 New York Times.

Cultural influence
At the beginning of his first address to his Council of State, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia recited this psalm in full.

Other references to Psalm 151
The term "Psalm 151" has been used in other contexts, including modern popular culture. In these instances, the term does not refer to the supernumerary psalm included in the Orthodox canon, but instead as a metaphor (such as to the abstract concept of a new and "sacred" work of poetry or song).

 * The TV show Touched by an Angel, Season 5, Episode 9 (originally aired 15 November 1998) is titled "Psalm 151" with a song sung by Wynonna Judd called "Testify to Love". In the episode, she composes the song for her dying son.

 * In 1993, Péter Eötvös composed "Psalm 151 – In Memoriam Frank Zappa" for solo or four percussionists.

 * Christian rock band Jacob's Trouble wrapped up their 1989 Door into Summer LP with track 11, "Psalm 151."

 * Rock artist Ezra Furman included a self-penned song entitled "Psalm 151" on her 2018 LP Transangelic Exodus; she later admitted she was unaware of Psalm 151's existence.

 * The song "My Favorite Mutiny" from the album Pick a Bigger Weapon by The Coup (ft. Talib Kweli and Black Thought) contains the lyric "Tryin' to find Psalm number 151."

 * Hip-hop artist Jay-Z uses "Psalm 151" as a metaphor in the 2022 song "God Did" by DJ Khaled.

title: Psalm 151


text: User talk:Frangibility

title: User talk:Frangibility


text:
User talk:Superborsuk

I'm from Polish Wikipedia: Superborsuk

Calling programmers
We need coders for the WikiProject Disambigation fixer. We need to make a program to make faster and easier the fixing of links. We will be happy if you could check the project. You can Help! --Neo139 09:18, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Virtual classroom
I've set up the Virtual classroom (VC), which is a forum for the discussion of advanced Wikipedia skills. It differs from the help forums on Wikipedia in that major topics of discussion are scheduled and once started remain continuous.

The reason I'm contacting you is because one of the class assignments is a comparison of our user interfaces. A lot can be learned from individual users, who usually have developed their own ways of doing things. I noticed you are an expert programmer, so you no doubt have some tricks up your sleeve. I'm hoping that you will stop by and share and compare the interfaces you use when browsing and working on Wikipedia. I've also constructed a tools page which presents everything learned from these discussions, and it is growing -- there are some pretty powerful techniques on there now. Even Interiot, Rich Farmbrough, and CBDunkerson have stopped by the VC to show off their tools and methods. It's been a lot of fun, and you are invited. The interface topics are called:

 * External interfaces - let's compare

and

 * Internal interfaces - what do you use?.

I look forward to seeing you there and to learning your wikiways. Sincerely,  Th e Tr ans hu man ist    06:11, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

New Category
Just dropping a line on some people to let them know about a new category of Wikipedians I've created--Category:Wikipedians who like Dune. Cheers! Urania3 04:57, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Superborsuk. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Superborsuk~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:14, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Superborsuk