text:
Steve Cannane

Stephen Paul Cannane (born 1970) is a news journalist and current affairs reporter for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. He is the chief of the ABC's Europe bureau, based in London. Cannane had previously been the ABC's Europe correspondent, a reporter for the ABC's Investigations unit, a host of The Drum and a reporter at Lateline.

Politics
Cannane is a grandson of Pat Hills, a former Lord Mayor of Sydney and Deputy Premier of New South Wales.

At the age of 22, Cannane was persuaded to run as the Australian Labor Party candidate for Warringah in the 1993 Australian federal election. Despite garnering more than 33% of the vote and providing a favourable swing of more than 5% for the ALP, Cannane lost to Liberal Party stalwart Michael MacKellar who had held the seat since 1969. Despite beating Cannane, Mackellar resigned from parliament the following year. This triggered the 1994 Warringah by-election where Labor didn't field a candidate, which was won by Tony Abbott. In 2008 Cannane said although running as a candidate in 1993 was fun at the time, he actually didn't hold any serious political aspirations and had long since moved on.

Media career
Cannane's first radio job was answering the phones during ABC Local Radio's Nightlife program, hosted by Tony Delroy. It was there he was approached by the ABC to work at their youth network Triple J after writing a newspaper article where he opined the organisation wasn't providing sufficient on-air opportunities for young people.

He subsequently started work as a reporter for radio station Triple J's current affairs program, The Morning Show. In 2003, after Francis Leach left the station, Cannane took on the position of host of the show. As a journalist, Cannane has an interest in exposing unscrupulous behaviour, having reported on child abuse within the Church of Scientology, the harassment of the parents of a deceased child by the anti-vaccination lobby and the failure of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) to protect consumers from dodgy products.

He temporarily presented breakfast on ABC Radio National while the regular presenter pursued other projects.

Cannane was the founding presenter of Triple J's current affairs program, Hack, beginning in 2004.

In 2005, Cannane was accused of antisemitism by Liberal Party senator Santo Santoro who alleged at a senate committee hearing that Cannane had made reference to "those awful jews" in a November 2004 Hack interview about Mordechai Vanunu. However, Santoro later apologised and said that he had been misinformed after a review of the transcript confirmed Cannane had put no such questions forward.

In 2006 he won the Walkley Award for Broadcast Interviewing for a series of three interviews - Petrol Sniffing, Pilltesting and The Cost of War. He was also commended in the same category of the Walkleys in 2005.

In 2006 Cannane won the Excellence in Alcohol and Drug Media Reporting Award at the National Drug and Alcohol Awards and visited the US as the Australian representative on the US Department of State's Edward R Murrow program for journalists.

In 2008, Cannane presented The Hack Half Hour on ABC2.

In 2009, he fronted the ABC1 documentary series ''Whatever! The Science of Teenagers and published a book, First Tests: Great Australian Cricketers and the Backyards That Made Them.

In July 2010, Cannane was appointed presenter of ABC News 24's The Drum, a panel discussion program providing news and analysis on issues of the day.

Also in July 2010, Cannane broke the story of harassment of the parents of a child who died of whooping cough by the anti-vaccination lobby, the Australian Vaccination Network (AVN) on Lateline. His story was the first to expose the lobby group as callous and cruel, with revelations that their President Meryl Dorey, had sought to access medical records of the child as evidence she had died from a pertussis infection. The story also described a complaint about the AVN which was under investigation by the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission (HCCC), alleging the group disseminated misleading and dangerous health information regarding vaccination. The complaint was eventually upheld, resulting in revocation of the group's charity licence and the issuing of a public warning by the HCCC. Both these actions were overturned following a successful Supreme Court challenge by the AVN in 2011.

Cannane has continued to follow the AVN, most recently on The Drum, discussing the appearance of Dorey at the Woodford Folk Festival.

In November 2010 he was recognised for "...his honest and diligent approach to journalism and the pursuit of truth in all of its aspects and wherever it may lead" at the Australian Skeptics National Convention where he was also a speaker.

He has worked as a reporter and fill in presenter on ABC1's late night news and current affairs program, Lateline, presenter of The Drum on ABC News 24 and has appeared on Ten's The 7pm Project.

From April 2016 until July 2018, Cannane was ABC's Europe Correspondent, based in London before joining the ABC's Investigations Unit as a reporter.

In May 2021, Cannane was named as the new chief of the ABC's Europe bureau.

Defamation case
In September 2016, Cannane published Fair Game: The Incredible Untold Story of Scientology in Australia, which prompted a defamation suit to be brought against Cannane and HarperCollins by doctors John Gill and John Herron who were involved in the Australian Chelmsford deep sleep scandal.

In his book, Cannane referenced the Chelmsford Royal Commission which exposed practices which took place at the Chelmsford Private Hospital. In 2018, HarperCollins unsuccessfully applied to have the case thrown out due to the unreasonable expectation of Cannane being required to prove the findings of the royal commission.

After an eight-week trial which was held entirely on Microsoft Teams due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the lawsuit was dismissed in late 2020 with Justice Jayne Jagot ruling in favour of Cannane and HarperCollins with Gill and Herron ordered to pay costs.

According to Jagot, as a medical practitioner Herron "had no residual reputation to be protected" while she said Gill was "held in very low estimation by the relevant sector" prior to the release of Cannane's book. Jagot also accused Herron and Gill of attempting to "rewrite history". The judgement also stated that Cannane had established a defence of qualified privilege.

Gill and Herron appealed the decision to the full Federal Court in August 2021 because they believed the use 26 year old reports prepared by dead expert witnesses from a Royal Commission doesn't contribute to a fair trial upon their behalf. Additionally Gill and Herron's appeal also relied upon the idea that Cannane and HarperCollins should not have been granted qualified privilege as a defence against defamation. In 2022, the Federal Court heard the appeal and unanimously agreed that, contrary to Justice Jagot's original findings, Cannane's defence of qualified privilege was not justified and therefore would not be available to him and HarperCollins as a defence against defamation. The Federal Court of appeal, consisting of justices Steven Rares, Michael Lee and Micheal Wigney, agreed unanimously that fundamental errors were made in the original trial by Jagot and that this would in turn justify a retrial. The Federal Court's main contention with Jagot's original findings was that they primarily relied upon multiple Royal Commission expert reports prepared by doctors who are now deceased. All three judges took issue with the fact that the expert witnesses who authored the reports used in the Royal Commission and then later in Cannane's defamation trial were not available for cross examination. Additionally the expert witness who authored the reports did not state with clarity or even at all, the facts and assumptions on which their decisions were based. Furthermore, they failed to elaborate upon the process of reasoning they used when writing said reports. The appeal additionally dismissed Jagot's ruling that Cannane's writings would fall under qualified privilege as a defence against defamation. Cannane was of the belief that he would not be able to obtain an accurate account of events from Mr John Herron and or Dr John Gill, however all three justices agreed that this didn't make it reasonable upon Cannane's and HarperCollins' behalf to completely disregard their account of what occurred. The Federal Court stated that Mr Cannane had made a deliberate choice not to obtain and include an account told from Dr Gill and Mr Herron's view.

Following the Federal Court ruling, Cannane and HarperCollins appealed to the High Court of Australia in an attempt to get the Federal Court's findings overturned. The case for appeal was heard by the High Court of Australia on 17 February 2023. The High Court denied Cannane and HarperCollins' application for an appeal of the Federal Court's findings. Therefore, in the upcoming retrial Cannane and HarperCollins are unable to use qualified privilege and the Royal Commission reports to defend themselves against the claim of defamation against Dr Gill and Mr Herron.

title: Steve Cannane


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johnny Ngo

Johnny Ngo
vanity page, not notable (Boxed Rice page)Wolfman 02:45, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. As above. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 05:08, 2004 Sep 27 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:05, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Saskatchewan Progress Party leadership elections

This page shows the results of leadership elections in the Saskatchewan Progress Party, formerly known as the Saskatchewan Liberal Party, covering the period from 1905 to the present day. All leadership contests in the Saskatchewan Progress Party have been determined by delegated conventions.

Liberal leadership convention, 1905
(Held on August 16, 1905.)

 * Thomas Walter Scott acclaimed

(Note: this convention was held a few weeks before Saskatchewan was officially proclaimed as a Canadian province.)

Developments, 1905-1926
Walter Scott resigned as premier and party leader in 1916, and was replaced by William M. Martin on October 20 of that year. Martin was selected by the Liberal parliamentary caucus; it is assumed that he was subsequently confirmed without opposition at a provincial Liberal convention.

Martin, in turn, resigned in 1922, and was replaced by Charles A. Dunning on April 5 of that year. Dunning, like Martin, was chosen by caucus; it is also assumed that he was later confirmed without opposition by the party.

Liberal leadership convention, 1926
(Held on February 25, 1926.)

 * GARDINER, James G. acclaimed

(Note: A.P. McNab, S.J. Latta and C.M. Hamilton were also nominated at the convention, but all three withdrew to make the choice of Gardiner unanimous.)

Developments, 1926-1946
Gardiner resigned as Premier and party leader in 1935 to enter the federal cabinet of W.L.M. King. On October 31, 1935, William John Patterson was the unanimous choice of the provincial Liberal council to take his before. It is assumed that Patterson was approved without opposition at a subsequent party convention.

Liberal leadership convention, 1946
(Held on August 6, 1946.)

 * TUCKER, Walter 373
 * E.M. Culliton 250

Liberal leadership convention, 1954
(Held on November 26, 1954.)

 * Alexander H. McDonald 388
 * L.B. Thomson 227
 * Wilf Gardiner 78
 * John Egnatoff 40
 * W.J. Simmie 16

Liberal leadership convention, 1959
(Held on September 24, 1959.)

 * Ross Thatcher
 * Wilf Gardiner
 * Frank Foley
 * Alex Cameron

(Note: The vote totals were not released, although it is believed that Thatcher won with about 67% support on the first ballot.)

Liberal leadership convention, 1971
(Held on December 11, 1971.)

First ballot:

 * David Steuart 404
 * Cy MacDonald 295
 * George Gordon Leith 171

Second ballot:

 * David Steuart 535
 * Cy MacDonald 314

Liberal leadership convention, 1976
(Held on December 11, 1976.)

 * Edward Cyril Malone 628
 * Anthony Merchant 521

Liberal leadership convention, 1981
(Held on June 13, 1981.)

 * Ralph Goodale acclaimed

Liberal leadership convention, 1989
(Held on April 2, 1989.)

 * Lynda Haverstock
 * BLAU, June
 * CURRIE, Neil

(Note: The results were not announced, but it is believed that Haverstock won by a significant majority on the first ballot.)

Liberal leadership convention, 1996
(Held on November 24, 1996.)

First ballot:

 * Tom Hengen 350
 * Jim Melenchuk 332
 * Ken Krawetz 239
 * Gerard Aldridge 55

Second ballot:

 * Jim Melenchuk 383
 * Tom Hengen 292
 * Ken Krawetz 279

Third ballot:

 * Jim Melenchuk 554
 * Tom Hengen 367

Liberal leadership convention, 2001
(Held on October 27, 2001.)

 * David Karwacki 430
 * Jack Hillson 228

Liberal leadership convention, 2009
Ryan Bater' acclaimed

Liberal leadership convention, 2018
Naveed Anwar was acclaimed on May 5, 2018.


text:
Talk:Hecate

Regarding the "Nature of Her Cult" section
This section seems blatantly written by someone with an agenda. The use of "Her" with a capital H and so on makes it look quite un-encyclopedic. Or am I wrong? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.164.153.220 (talk) 12:32, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Very messy article!
This article confuses two views of Hecate, intermixing them without putting them in the proper historical context. The first is the Hecate from Greco-Roman religion and classical Greco-roman mythology and the second "Hekater-Soteroi" is the Hekate from the Chaldean Oracles, which were a set of texts from the II and III century AD and were heavily influenced by Gnostic thought. The way that the Greek and Romans view Hekate was quite different than the way the writers of the Chaldean Oracles (probably a gnostic sect0 viewed her. This distinction should be clearly made. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.62.15.69 (talk) 21:39, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

Assertion of metrical necessity
One version suggested earlier (above) had:"Arthur Golding's 1567 translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses refers to 'triple Hecat', and this spelling without the final E later appears in Ben Jonson's play The Sad Shepherd, Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus, William Shakespeare's plays A Midsummer Night's Dream and Macbeth, and John Milton's play Comus,* perhaps to fit the verse metres . [* Milton, John (1634). Comus, Act I, Scene 1, line 135: 'Wherein thou rid'st with Hecat'.]"One objection to that was "speculation", which is why the underlined portion no longer appears. However, now that same assertion is being made as grounds to delete Milton from the footnote. If it's speculation to mention it in-text, it's speculation to delete on that basis, and in any case it doesn't follow from "metrical necessity" that the example of that usage should therefore be deleted — as the usage in prose has also been documented by Webster and Brewer. — Sizzle Flambé (☎/✍) 21:41, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * They aren't equivalent. Wikipedia policy as set out in WP:RS and WP:NPOV means that we should present evidence as set out in the majority of reliable sources. In particular WP:Weight says that we should reflect disagreements between expert sources according to the balance of the evidence. It also says that we should give a particular aspect of an issue the balance that it deserves. If we mention the spelling of Hecate's name in Milton's Comus, then we would have to mention that there are three different spellings that we've identified in reliable sources, going into this level of detail about how one poet spelled the name would give the issue undue weight in what is an article covering all aspects of the goddess in quesiton.--Peter Cohen (talk) 23:39, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Utterly false historical revisionism
To say that Hecate "... was a popular chthonian Greco-Roman goddess associated later on by modern day neopagans with magic, witches, ghosts, and crossroads" suggests that she did not have these associations before the modern day. Yet going on, we see that "she has been associated with ... crossroads, magic, lunar lore"; "associated with ghosts, infernal spirits, the dead and sorcery"; "closely associated with sorcery"; "in Sophocles and Euripides she is characterized as the mistress of witchcraft"; called "Triodia/Trioditis (who frequents crossroads)"; "Cult images and altars of Hecate in her triplicate or trimorphic form were placed at crossroads.... In this form, she came to be known as the goddess Trivia 'the three ways' in Roman mythology." So the interpolation "later on by modern day neopagans" was already shown in the article to be false. The specified association long predates the modern day neopagans, and if they carry it on it is merely as a continuation of far older traditions. — Sizzle Flambé (☎/✍) 07:24, 20 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I completely agree. This article also states (basically) that her ancient statuary depicting three faces should not be associated with the tripartite Goddess, and this flagrantly ridiculous and completely idiotic.  That is what the three faces of Hecate (et cetera) mean (that is all they mean!) ~ the three phases of the Moon, or Goddess, and the three stages of womanhood ~ youth, motherhood, and maturity -- the Maiden, the Mother, and the Wysen'd Olde Crone, as we call them in the Craft.  Just because the writer doesn't understand the allegory, does not mean that the association is invalid it, in fact, an ancient association (the most ancient?).  The statement should be removed, and I have done so.  Glorious Goddess (talk) 03:07, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

Removed accordingly. — Sizzle Flambé (☎/✍) 07:33, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Hecate is NOT a crone. Hecate is the 'saffron-clad Maiden'. She's a maiden, not a crone. The crone thing is an (absurd) modern construct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.16.230.30 (talk) 21:00, 14 December 2012 (UTC)

Lilith
I was doing some source research for Lilith and one mentioned her as an aspect of Hecate. Anyone who maintains reliable sources for this article has an opinion on this? Is this a modern feminist connection with no archaeological backing? Is it a notable feminist or neopagan view? Alatari (talk) 10:41, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

I left the list of sources on the Talk:Lilith page. Alatari (talk) 10:42, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Modern feminist revisionist stuff.

Xuchilbara (talk) 03:12, 30 March 2016 (UTC) Xuchilbara (talk) 03:12, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

When editing this page
This is a 'living' deity. She is still worshiped by a significant number of people and so that is a consideration when editing this article. This means her mythology is evolving and not fixed in time. This is born out by the talk page arguments which have been an interesting read. Alatari (talk) 08:33, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Hecate is not a 'living' deity. The 'official' worship of the goddess died out with the coming of Christianity. However, before the arrival of Christianity Hecate had evolved into a 'boogey-man' type of entity associated with evil and death. The modern 'worship' of Hecate by Wiccans and Neopagans has absolutely nothing in common with her traditional worship or native religion.BoyintheMachine (talk) 04:40, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

Hekate is a living deity. There is modern worship of Hekate by Hellenic polytheists, in the Americas and in Greece, Russia, and elsewhere, that is based on the traditional worship in ancient Greece. Hellenion is a 501c3 church with groups in the USA and Canada that has reconstructed and revived the practices of (mainly) Athenian Greek indigenous worship. http://hellenion.org/ The Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes is an umbrella group in Greece representing several religious groups that practice the indigenous religion of Greece. http://www.ysee.gr/index-eng.php And the publisher Neos Alexandria published a devotional book called Bearing Torches: A Devotional Anthology for Hekate in 2009. http://neosalexandria.org/bibliotheca-alexandrina/current-titles/bearing-torches-a-devotional-anthology-for-hekate/ CaraSchulz (talk) 14:58, 28 November 2012 (UTC)

Designation of years
All the years in the article that are meant to be BCE should really be marked with the letters "BCE," since Wikipedia is addressed to a popular audience. We can't expect most people to be familiar with the convention of omitting BCE when a discussion is dealing only with or primarily with BCE dates. 173.3.104.225 (talk) 13:18, 27 June 2010 (UTC)Swan

Parents
The article say "Hesiod records that she was esteemed as the offspring of Gaia and Uranus, the Earth and Sky" while also saying "Hesiod emphasizes that Hecate was an only child, the daughter of Perses and Asteria." Could someone familiar with mythology please clear that up? Peter.C •  talk  13:32, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Consort and children internal contradiction
The infobox lists Aeëtes as her consort and Aegialeus, Absyrtus, Medea, Circe and Chalciope as her children. All that is said on the subject in the article, however, is, "As a virgin goddess, she remained unmarried and had no regular consort, though some traditions named her as the mother of Scylla." Aeëtes's page does note that some sources claim him to be her husband, and Circe's page notes that some sources claim her to be Hecate's daughter, but the pages of the other children listed do not mention her at all. 99.20.100.18 (talk) 23:37, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Move To Delete The Following Sections
-Modern Festivals -Survival In Pre-Modern Folklore -Cross-Cultural Parallels -Nature of Her Cult

Modern Festivals and Survival in Pre-Modern Folklore should be deleted due to them being based in Neo-Pagan propaganda. I don't know why all the Wiccans and Neopagans always want to take over these wiki pages but they need to stop. Survival in Pre-Modern Folklore is also fringe. Cross-Cultural Parallels needs to be deleted as this is an encyclopedia entry on Hecate and not a place to espouse unnecessary religious or philosophical debates. The section on the nature of her cult as it is too simplistic.BoyintheMachine (talk) 04:47, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

If persons in present-day worship a God or other deity and can prove this is happening, this is not propaganda and is germane to the article on the deity.CaraSchulz (talk) 15:02, 28 November 2012 (UTC)

Remove reference to Ruickbie under The Deipnon
Leo Ruickbie's "Witchcraft out of the Shadows" (2004) is loosely cited in this section that " Greeks observed two days sacred to Hecate, one on the 13th of August and one on the 30th of November, whilst the Romans observed the 29th of every month as her sacred day." Ruickbie cites as his source Diane Stein's "The Goddess Book of Days" (Llewellyn, 1997). Her original calendar was published in 1988 and does not give a primary source. So what we have, really, is no source.

The Attic Festival Calendar, which is cited, shows there was no months of August or November in Greece and the Greeks used a lunal - not solar - calendar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_calendar#Festival_calendar

Also, there is never any mention as to why Hecate would be called to protect crops. According to Brumfield in his book The Attic festivals of Demeter and their Relation to the Agricultural Year (1976), during the time of the year we call August, the grain harvest had been completed and the grape harvest would not have begun until September. August was a lull in the agricultural year and nothing needed to be protected from violent storms.

So the bottom two paragraphs should be removed from The Deipnon section as it misrepresents these dates as an ancient festival or celebration. They could be added to the neo-Pagan section as part of that evolving religion. CaraSchulz (talk) 19:09, 26 August 2014 (UTC)CaraSchulz

External links modified
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William Berg article severely misquoted
In the intro, the statement 'William Berg observes, "Since children are not called after spooks, it is safe to assume that Carian theophoric names involving hekat- refer to a major deity-free from the dark and unsavory ties to the underworld and to witchcraft associated with the Hecate of classical Athens."' is used to support the idea that Hecate did not originate in Greece, but this is not his argument at all. His article actually argues that she is, in fact, a native deity. In fact, the quote that is attributed to William Berg here is not even said by him, he is paraphrasing the argument of another scholar. 72.220.105.74 (talk) 11:08, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

Barbara G. Walker
Why is she a source? She is a feminist revisionist, who would either cite sources that were not backed up in what she cited or non-existent altogether. She basically made a lot of it up.

Take for example her passages about Lilith being an ancient goddess whose devotees gave us fingernail polish; there is nothing to substantiate these claims. Lilith was never an ancient goddess and her devotees certainly never gave us fingernail polish. This is stuff Walker pretty much, made up. Xuchilbara (talk) 03:19, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Inconsistency with page on Trivia
As a forward, I will not claim expertise on this issue, which is why I put this here instead of making any change to the pages in question, though I will go so far as to say that what I was taught agrees with the Trivia article.

The article on Trivia explicitly states that the connection between Hecate and Trivia is a popular misconception, citing Kravitz. Amusingly, the mouseover text for that entry in the infobox actually stops one word short of stating this. Whichever is correct, the other should be fixed and a citation added to the Hecate article to authoritatively contradict Kravitz. MKeenanEditor (talk) 19:09, 21 May 2018 (UTC)MKeenaneditor
 * It appears that Trivia is primarily an epithet of Diana, so Hecate is associated with it via her longstanding syncretism with that goddess in the Roman world. I've edited the article a bit to reflect this and re-directed Trivia (mythology) (which was basically two sentences) to Diana (mythology) (which currently has a lot more info on Diana Trivia). Dinoguy2 (talk) 19:17, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

Heka, Ancient Egyptian God Of Magic
The similarity in the name is obvious - as is the connection to the words heks or hexing. According to Herodotus, all the names of the Gods came from Egypt. "Heka is the god of magic and medicine in ancient Egypt and is also the personification of magic itself. He is probably the most important god in Egyptian mythology but is often overlooked because his presence was so pervasive as to make him almost invisible to the Egyptologists of the 19th and 20th centuries CE." World History Encyclopedia, Heka, by Joshua J. Markby. 2001:1C00:1E31:5F00:EC85:A9C4:4D6C:B971 (talk) 19:16, 22 June 2021 (UTC)

Hecate in popular culture
I noticed this recent edit of yours. This is a pretty decent summary of references to Hecate in popular culture -- some of the works are pretty significant and her role varies from minor allusion to major character. The post itself is not citable, but what are your thoughts on including a section with some of her more significant appearances? It seems to me several fall within WP:IPC guidelines.

I enjoy sandwiches (talk) 18:55, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

 * This query is best asked on the article talk page. -  FlightTime Phone  ( open channel ) 19:02, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I will move the discussion there. I enjoy sandwiches (talk) 19:14, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * You sent me a thanks for moving the discussion here from your talk page, but did not respond to my actual question, which was addressed to you because you reverted my edit as linked above. To reiterate: there should be a section in this article discussing more notable appearances of Hecate in popular culture that fit into WP:IPC with objective third party references. I enjoy sandwiches (talk) 17:39, 19 August 2021 (UTC)

Byzantium
Why is the material on Hekate in relation to Byzantium not presented here? It's literally in the Byzantium page. I will include it, if someone wants to reject it formally then let them do so. FourLights (talk) 02:57, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Strange citation
The information that Hecate was depicted as the mother of both Circe and Medea is cited to "Grimal; Smith". But no such source is listed or mentioned elsewhere. Also no page is given. Should this be removed? Dimadick (talk) 16:10, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

"blood-eating goddess Hecate"
This is mentioned by Parker in the article but I feel like it needs some expansion, was this a commonly attributed behaviour for the godess and if so what religious meaning did it hold? ★Trekker (talk) 02:43, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Hecate was associated with ghosts. And there was a long-standing belief in ancient Greece that the ghosts were drinking blood. In the Nekyia section of the Odyssey, the shades of the Underworld drink blood. See this translation in Wikisource:

 * "I cut the throats of the two sheep and let the blood run into the trench, whereon the ghosts came trooping up from Erebus—brides, young bachelors, old men worn out with toil, maids who had been crossed in love, and brave men who had been killed in battle, with their armour still smirched with blood; they came from every quarter and flitted round the trench with a strange kind of screaming sound that made me turn pale with fear. When I saw them coming I told the men to be quick and flay the carcasses of the two dead sheep and make burnt offerings of them, and at the same time to repeat prayers to Hades and to Proserpine; but I sat where I was with my sword drawn and would not let the poor feckless ghosts come near the blood till Teiresias should have answered my questions."
 * ""Then came also the ghost of Theban Teiresias, with his golden sceptre in his hand. He knew me and said, 'Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, why, poor man, have you left the light of day and come down to visit the dead in this sad place? Stand back from the trench and withdraw your sword that I may drink of the blood and answer your questions truly.'"
 * By the way, Trekker, how old are you? When I was 11-year-old, analyzing the Nekyia section was a mandatory school subject, and I had spend months analyzing the blood-drinking and its implication in necromancy. Dimadick (talk) 22:29, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm 26, but I don't think thats relevant, studying ancient history is historically not a major subject in Swedish schools (because Sweden has no ancient history so we focus much more on the Viking pagan period and the later Christianization). I'n quite jealous of you, I would have loved to study the Nekyia as a child.★Trekker (talk) 07:45, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Currently the lead has a note on how to pronounce her name. This is a very poor choice, imho. Her name's pronunciation is not self-evident. The pronunciation SHOULD BE EXPLICITLY GIVEN - as is usual for most uncommon words, especially those with a pronunciation that isn't what the average English language speaker would expect. (I was surprised it wasn't Hek ate or He ka tee.) Put the pronunciation in the lead, not in a note.98.21.213.85 (talk) 19:44, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hecate


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matthew B. Slezak

Matthew B. Slezak
Probably not notable. Thue | talk 02:48, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * No Google hits for "Chariot Ventures", the company of which he is supposedly CEO. Delete. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 05:11, 2004 Sep 27 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:06, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - no apparent notability. -- Cyrius|✎ 23:44, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Peter Zumthor

Peter Zumthor (born 26 April 1943) is a Swiss architect whose work is frequently described as uncompromising and minimalist. Though managing a relatively small firm, he is the winner of the 2009 Pritzker Prize and 2013 RIBA Royal Gold Medal.

Early life
Zumthor was born in Basel, Switzerland. His father was a cabinet-maker, which exposed him to design from an early age and led him to become an apprentice for a carpenter later in 1958. He studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule (arts and crafts school) in his native city starting in 1963.

In 1966, Zumthor studied industrial design and architecture as an exchange student at Pratt Institute in New York. In 1968, he became conservationist architect for the Department for the Preservation of Monuments of the canton of Graubünden. This work on historic restoration projects gave him a further understanding of construction and the qualities of different rustic building materials.

As his practice developed, Zumthor was able to incorporate his knowledge of materials into Modernist construction and detailing. His buildings explore the tactile and sensory qualities of spaces and materials while retaining a minimalist feel. It has been said that "Zumthor’s key building material is light."

Career

Zumthor founded his own firm in 1979. His practice grew quickly and he accepted more international projects.

Zumthor has taught at University of Southern California Institute of Architecture and SCI-ARC in Los Angeles (1988), the Technical University of Munich (1989), Tulane University (1992), and the Harvard Graduate School of Design (1999). Since 1996, he has been a professor at the Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio.

His best known projects are the Kunsthaus Bregenz (1997), a shimmering glass and concrete cube that overlooks Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Austria; the cave-like thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland (1999); the Swiss Pavilion for Expo 2000 in Hannover, an all-timber structure intended to be recycled after the event; the Kolumba Diocesan Museum (2007), in Cologne; and the Bruder Klaus Field Chapel, on a farm near Wachendorf.

In 1993, Zumthor won the competition for a museum and documentation center on the horrors of Nazism to be built on the site of Gestapo headquarters in Berlin. Zumthor's submission called for an extended three-story building with a framework consisting of concrete rods. The project, called the Topography of Terror, was partly built and then abandoned when the government decided not to go ahead for financial reasons. The unfinished building was demolished in 2004.

In 1999, Zumthor was selected as the only foreign architect to participate in Norway's National Tourist Routes Project, with two projects, the Memorial in Memory of the Victims of the Witch Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (completed in 2010), and a rest area/museum on the site of an abandoned zinc mine.

For the Dia Art Foundation in Beacon, New York, Zumthor designed a gallery that was to house the 360° I Ching sculpture by Walter de Maria; though the project was never completed. Zumthor is the only foreign architect to participate, with two projects, the Memorial in Memory of the Victims of the Witch Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (2011), and a rest area/museum on the site of the abandoned Allmannajuvet zinc mines, in operation from 1882 to 1898, in Norway (2016). In November 2009, it was revealed that Zumthor is working on a major redesign for the campus of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Recently, he turned down an opportunity to consider a new library for Magdalen College, Oxford. He was selected to design the Serpentine Gallery's annual summer pavilion with designer Piet Oudolf in 2011. In 2023, the Werkraum Haus – designed 10 years earlier by Zumthor – showed 40 of his architectural models, including some that have never been shown to the public before.

Currently, Zumthor works out of his small studio with around 30 employees, in Haldenstein, near the city of Chur, in Switzerland.

Recognition
In 1994, he was elected to the Academy of Arts, Berlin. In 1996, he was made an honorary member of the Bund Deutscher Architekten (BDA). In 1998, Zumthor received the Carlsberg Architectural Prize for his designs of the Kunsthaus Bregenz in Bregenz, Austria and the Thermal Baths at Vals, Switzerland (see below). He won the Mies van der Rohe Award for European Architecture in 1999. Recently, he was awarded Praemium Imperiale in (2008) and the Pritzker Architecture Prize (2009). In 2012, he was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal. On the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2023, the F.A.Z. called Zumthor "the great magician of minimalism."

Literature
Zumthor's work is largely unpublished in part because of his philosophical belief that architecture must be experienced first hand. His published written work is mostly narrative and phenomenological.

Thinking Architecture
In Thinking Architecture Peter Zumthor expresses his motivation in designing buildings that have an emotional connection and possess a powerful and unmistakable presence and personality. It is illustrated throughout with color photographs by Laura J. Padgett of Zumthor's new home and studio in Haldenstein.

"To me, buildings can have a beautiful silence that I associate with attributes such as composure, self-evidence, durability, presence, and integrity, and with warmth and sensuousness as well; a building that is being itself, being a building, not representing anything, just being. The sense that I try to instil into materials is beyond all rules of composition, and their tangibility, smell, and acoustic qualities are merely elements of the language we are obliged to use. Sense emerges when I succeed in bringing out the specific meanings of certain materials in my buildings, meanings that can only be perceived in just this way in this one building. When I concentrate on a specific site or place for which I am going to design a building, when I try to plumb its depths, its form, its history, and its sensuous qualities, images of other places start to invade this process of precise observation: images of places I know and that once impressed me, images of ordinary or special places places that I carry with me as inner visions of specific moods and qualities; images of architectural situations, which emanate from the world of art, or films, theater or literature."

Atmospheres
Atmospheres is a poetics of architecture and a window into Zumthor's personal sources of inspiration. In nine short, illustrated chapters framed as a process of self-observation, Zumthor describes what he has on his mind as he sets about creating the atmosphere of his houses: images of spaces and buildings that affect him are every bit as important as particular pieces of music or books that inspire him.

From the composition and "presence" of the materials to the handling of proportions and the effect of light, this poetics of architecture enables the reader to recapitulate what really matters in the process of house design. In conclusion, Peter Zumthor has described what really constitutes an architectural atmosphere as "this singular density and mood, this feeling of presence, well-being, harmony, beauty...under whose spell I experience what I otherwise would not experience in precisely this way."

Peter Zumthor Therme Vals
Therme Vals is the only book-length study of this singular building. It features the architect's original sketches and plans for its design as well as Hélène Binet’s striking photographs of the structure. Architectural scholar Sigrid Hauser contributes essays on such topics as "Artemis/Diana," "Baptism," "Mikvah," and "Spring"—drawing out the connections between the elemental nature of the spa and mythology, bathing, and purity.

Annotations by Peter Zumthor on his design concept and the building process elucidate the structure's symbiotic relationship to its natural surroundings, revealing, for example, why he insisted on using locally quarried stone. Therme Vals's scenic design elements, and Zumthor's contributions to this book, reflect the architect's commitment to the essential and his disdain for needless architectural flourishes.

Seeing Zumthor
Seeing Zumthor represents a unique collaboration between Zumthor and Swiss photographer Hans Danuser, containing Danuser's images of buildings created by Zumthor. More than twenty years ago, in a milestone event of twentieth-century architectural photography, Danuser photographed, at Zumthor's invitation, two buildings: the protective structure built for archaeological excavations in Chur and St Benedict's Chapel in Sumvitg. When first shown in exhibition, those photos ignited a lively debate that has been revived with a recent exhibition of Danuser's photographs of Zumthor's most famous work, the spa at Therme Vals. Seeing Zumthor collects these three important series of Danuser's pictures and includes essays by leading art historians exploring the relationship between the two seemingly different disciplines or architecture and photography.

Dear to Me
In summer 2017, Peter Zumthor curated the exhibition Dear to Me at the Kunsthaus Bregenz, marking the twentieth anniversary of one of his most famous designs. Part of the program were conversations with philosophers, curators, historians, composers, writers, photographers, collectors, and craftsmen that Zumthor had invited to contribute to the exhibition. His dialogues with them offer insights into the thoughts and practice of fascinating personalities. Together with his counterparts, he explores artistic preferences and practices, reasonings, as well as practical knowledge from artisanal experience. In Dear to Me, Zumthor's equally serious and serene conversations with Anita Albus, Aleida Assmann, Marcel Beyer, Hélène Binet, Hannes Böhringer, Renate Breuss, Claudia Comte, Bice Curiger, Esther Kinsky, Ralf Konersmann, Walter Lietha, Olga Neuwirth, Rebecca Saunders, Karl Schlögel, Martin Seel, Rudolf Walli, and Wim Wenders are collected in seventeen booklets held together in an exquisitely manufactured box.

Personal
Zumthor and his wife, Annalisa Zumthor-Cuorad, have three children.

Principal works

 * 1983 Elementary school Churwalden, Churwalden, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1983 House Räth, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1986 Shelters for Roman archaeological site, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1986 Atelier Zumthor, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1989 Saint Benedict Chapel, Sumvitg, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1990 Art Museum Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1993 Residential home for the elderly, Masans, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1994 Gugalun House, Versam, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1996 Spittelhof housing, Biel-Benken, Basel, Switzerland.
 * 1996 Therme Vals, Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1997 Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria.
 * 1997 Topography of Terror, International Exhibition and Documentation Centre, Berlin, Germany, partly built, abandoned, demolished in 2004.
 * 1997–2000 Swiss Pavilion EXPO 2000, Hannover, Germany.
 * 1997 Villa in Küsnacht am Zürichsee Küsnacht, Switzerland.
 * 1997 Lichtforum Zumtobel Staff, Zürich, Switzerland.
 * 2007 Bruder Klaus Kapelle, Mechernich-Wachendorf, Germany.
 * 2007 Kolumba – Erzbischöfliches Diözesanmuseum, Cologne, Germany.
 * 2009 Leiser Ensemble, Leis/Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland
 * 2011 Steilneset Memorial for the Victims of the Witch Trials, Vardø, Norway
 * 2011 Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2011, London, England
 * 2012 Werkraum Bregenzerwald Hof 800, 6866 Andelsbuch, Austria
 * 2016 Rest area/museum, Allmannajuvet zinc mines
 * 2018 'Secular Retreat' summer villa for Living Architecture, Salcombe, Devon
 * 2018–24 (under construction) LACMA, Los Angeles, CA.

Awards

 * 1987, 2017: Auszeichnungen für gute Bauten Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1989: Heinrich Tessenow medal, Technische Universität Hannover, Germany.
 * 1991: Gulam, European wood-glue prize.
 * 1992: Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1993: Best Building 1993 award from Swiss tc's 10vor10, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1994: Auszeichnung guter Bauten im Kanton Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1995: International Prize for Stone Architecture, Fiera di Verona, Italy.
 * 1995: Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland.
 * 1996: Erich-Schelling-Preis für Architektur, Erich-Schelling-Stiftung, Germany.
 * 1998: European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture (aka Mies van der Rohe Award) for Kunsthaus Bregenz.
 * 1998: Carlsberg Architectural Prize.
 * 2006: Spirit of Nature Wood Architecture Award.
 * 2006: Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture, University of Virginia.
 * 2008: Praemium Imperiale, Japan Arts Association
 * 2009: Pritzker Prize
 * 2013: RIBA Royal Gold Medal for 2013, announced September 2012, award ceremony February 2013
 * 2017: Großer BDA Preis

Former co-workers and assistants
See the German Wikipedia for details.
 * 1981–1987: Jürg Conzett
 * 1984–1988: Valentin Bearth
 * Andrea Deplazes
 * 1985: Conradin Clavuot
 * 1990–199?: Donatella Fioretti
 * 1993–1996: Durisch Nolli|Pia Durisch (Assistant)
 * 1993–1998: Daniel Bosshard
 * 1996–1998: Gordian Blumenthal
 * 1997–1998: Bosshard Vaquer|Meritxell Vaquer i Fernàndez
 * 2000: Uta Graff
 * 2001–2002: Francesca Torzo
 * 2003–2006: Clemens Nuyken
 * Peter Hutter

title: Peter Zumthor


text:
User talk:GrazingCow

Hi GrazingCow, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 02:49, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Category:Ashlee Simpson songs
The voting period has been over for four days. Don't recreat it or you will be blocked from editing. RickK 05:35, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * According to the discussion on Categories for Deletion, there are still a few more days for the category along with the other Ashlee categories. The discussion shows that after RedWolf deleted it, it was recreated and then added with the tag along with the other subcategories.  This gave it 7 more days, which would make the voting period end Feb 14.  Therefore, the voting period isn't over.  GrazingCow 05:48, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The songs category was deleted four days ago. It had been listed almost two weeks ago.  Just because somebody recreates it doesn't mean we all have to rediscuss it ad nauseum.  It has been properly deleted, and will stay deleted unless you want to bring it up on Votes for Undeletion.  RickK 05:53, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Categories_for_deletion&oldid=10092780 - you'll see that it was created on January 28. That's much longer than the time period for voting.  RickK`

(I Know) I'm Losing You
I merged this article with the one for its album, The Temptations with a Lot o' Soul, when I wrote an in-depth overview of the album. I wanted to reduce the number of stubby song articles for Temptations singles. --FuriousFreddy 21:22, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:GrazingCow


text:
Talk:Santa Anita metro station

Untitled
from VfD:

non-notable metro stop in Mexico city Wolfman 02:52, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * How many metro stops are there in Mexico city? I note that there is a category for London Underground stations, and I wouldn't vote delete for the majority of them, but then I wouldn't miss the surface one line stations. So, is this station a winner of architectural awards? Extremely busy and a focal point of the local area? The subject of a running joke for 30 years on national radio? Notable for any other reason? The article sounds like it might be of note, but it's a little hard to follow (whether it was written by someone not that fluent in English, or by someone fluent in Pretensiousness is hard to tell). Average Earthman 13:05, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. No useful content yet but see if it can grow. Listed here less than three hours after creation. Andrewa 02:25, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Railway stations have turned into perfectly good articles. I've written some reasonably passable ones myself for Melbourne, and I enjoyed reading through all the detailed London Underground ones. Ambi 08:46, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 18:50, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

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Talk:Taraf de Haïdouks

"Haïdouk"
A anon recently changed "Haidouk" to "Haïdouk". I presume that is the Turkish? I don't believe I've seen it written that way on materials from the group themselves (who are Romanian, and "ï" does not exist in Romanian). But I'm not of either of these nationalities. Can someone with more of a clue clarify? -- Jmabel 02:53, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

And now (about 2 years after that last remark) the explanation of "haiduc" has been changed from thief or bandit to outlaw. Is that right? An outlaw is someone with the specific status that they have been deemed to be outside the protection of the law and anyone is free to kill them. I don't believe that "haiduc" carries that connotation at all, but I'm not native in Romanian and don't speak any Turkish, so perhaps I am wrong. - Jmabel | Talk 19:40, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * In a Romanian context, it is generally used for "outlaw", and is virtually always Robin Hoodesque. It is probable that it was used as "thief" etc in the very beginning, but Romanian only kept this meaning. (Main meaning on DEX online: "Om care, răzvrătindu-se împotriva asupririi, îşi părăsea casa şi trăia în păduri, singur sau în cete, jefuind pe bogaţi şi ajutând pe săraci"). Btw, I think all problems could be avoided altogether by simply giving "the taraf of the hajduks", and none other, as a translation. Dahn 20:45, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The linked article hajduk (not really a translation, because it is barely even a loan word in English) mentions both "outlaw" and "highwayman". Odd that it doesn't mention "bandit" or "brigand", both of which fall between those in connotation. - Jmabel | Talk 23:57, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

"Haiduc" (Romanian spelling) is a slavic (and not Turkish) word. An archaic word meaning "outlaw" but with a political or idealistic connotation, differing from "lotru" or "fur"(bandit, also arhaic). "Haïdouk" is an English transliteration (like "hajduk" in German).

"Taraf" is a Turkish origin word, meaning primarily "band", exclusively for folkloric music; while dictionaries keep - as archaic - the meaning of "gang", very few people today would understand it as such (I actually first found this "translation" in this article).merry (really) 16:00, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

In fact Haiduc originally meant mercenary in time it changed his meaning. I don't know if it's a Slavic word, it's common throughout the Balkans also used by Hungarians, Bulgarians, Serbs —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 86.106.156.238 (talk • contribs) 18 November 2006.

Taraful Din Clejani
Is Taraful Din Clejani another name for the same band? AJseagull1 (talk) 00:29, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Dates are wrong in the opening paragraph
How were they discovered by ethnomusicologists in 1983 if they formed in 1989? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.0.33.155 (talk) 17:55, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Grove Gambles

The Grove Gambles
Not notable, unverifiable, and/or fiction. Zero hits for "Grove Gambles". Zero hits for "Andy Dorset" "James Starkey". Zero relevant hits for "Private Patience". allmusic.com and amazon.co.uk doesn't recognize any of the names either--how can they chart when their music can't be purchased? grovegambles.com, grovegambles.co.uk, privatepatience.com, and privatepatience.co.uk don't exist. Also, The Grove Gambles (album), What You Want is Where You Want..., and Semicolons and Apostrophes. Niteowlneils 02:54, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, if they even exist. --Improv 04:54, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: they look like an elaborate joke. -- [[User:Bobdoe| Bob Doe ]] 05:19, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * If the article was true, they'd be notable. But if the article was true ("..when their debut album hit the top 3 in the UK album charts in 2003..") there wouldn't be zero Google hits for them. Delete. —Stormie 06:32, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Could have fooled me. Delete. Gzornenplatz 08:04, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable, probable prank. Google gets nothing (you'd think a band with hits would have at least a fanpage), not even Wikipedia mirrors (yay!). Blanked by author, so possibly a speedy.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:11, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)


text:
The Immoral Mr. Teas

The Immoral Mr. Teas is the first commercially successful film of director Russ Meyer, released in 1959. The film was described as a nudist comedy, and was noted for exhibiting extensive female nudity. The film cost $24,000 to produce, and eventually grossed more than $1.5 million on the independent/exploitation circuit.

Plot
The only sound in the film is the voice of a narrator and a very monotonic musical theme.

Mr. Teas is a door-to-door salesman for dentist appliances who makes deliveries on his bicycle. Teas is a clumsy and shy man, who likes to watch happy couples, and who daydreams when looking down the necklines of women he meets. The only way that he is able to have sex is with a prostitute. After undergoing surgery at the dentist, Teas realizes that the anesthetic has overcome his inhibitions, and given him x-ray vision, enabling him to see all women without their clothes. He is happy at first, but gradually begins to be embarrassed. For example, he goes to the river, and sees three women swimming, and he sees them as naked. The three women are those he sees daily: the dental nurse, a secretary, and a waitress in the bar. Teas decides to go to a psychoanalyst, and he also sees her naked. The voiceover says: "On the other hand, some men are happy to be sick."

Cast

 * Bill Teas as Mr Teas

Background
Before this film was released, the only moving pictures exhibiting extensive nudity were either underground (covertly produced and distributed) pornographic films, typically distributed "under the counter" in 16 mm black and white movies, or naturist pictures, openly displayed in specialized movie theaters, usually under the cover of exhibiting the fun and freedom of nudism in naturist reserves.

Russ Meyer was approached to make a "nudie" film by burlesque impresario Pete De Cenzie, who was interested in making an American version of the nudist camp films then coming in from Europe. Meyer agreed provided he could do something with a scriptline and that he could use "well built girls instead of the usual unattractive types that populated nudist films."

He hired his friend Bill Teas. "I had no idea when we started," he said. "All I had was Teas, three girls and my dentist and my attorney for assistants."

Meyer says his dentist agreed to let his office be used on the weekend for filming. The script was made up as they went along and the voice over narration was added later.

Meyer said he shot the film in four days "I knew exactly how it was going to begin, I knew how it would be in the middle, I knew how it would be at the end. I based it on my experiences doing stills for Playboy. There's a lot of stuff on the girl next door, the common man, the voyeur - little nude photo essays."

Nudity
The Immoral Mr. Teas was the first American "above ground" movie since the pre-code, early sound era to show female nudity without the pretext of naturism. It is considered to be the first commercially viable American "skin flick", and popularized the nudie cutie genre.

In a 1960 Philadelphia court case, the film was held not to be obscene, although the judge described the film as "vulgar, pointless and in bad taste".

The movie consists of a series of short scenes. In a sense, no one is actually naked; the only nudity seen is through the viewpoint and vivid imagination of Mr. Teas. Mr. Teas's mental constructions extend beyond the nudity (always exclusively of female characters) – there is an underlying surrealism in Mr. Teas's imagination, which results in a number of genuinely bizarre situations.

A typical scene
Mr. Teas attends an appointment with his dentist, who must perform an extraction of a molar. The dentist has an assistant (Marilyn Wesley), who is stunningly beautiful, and not-quite modestly dressed. The application of analgesics releases Mr. Teas's fertile imagination, and the scene is shown through this viewpoint. Rather than the typical equipment-cluttered dental office, only a dentist, a dental chair, Mr. Teas, and the assistant are present against a stark and simple background. Only, now, the assistant is completely nude. As the procedure is completed, the dentist removes the molar from Mr. Teas's mouth, but rather than only a small object in the extraction pliers, the molar has the appearance of a single large staghorn (deer antler) with a number of points. The body of the "molar" is white, and each tip (representing the roots of the molar) is colored a bloody red. Mr. Teas has paid a price for his lustful imagination.

Reception
The film was a big box office success.

According to Roger Ebert, "As plots go, Teas was not terrifically subtle. It is essentially a silent comedy with counterpoint narration. But the movie's jolly irony overcame any feeling of embarrassment or self-consciousness on the part of audiences who were, for the most part, seeing a nude woman on the screen for the first time." Meyer called the film's success "a fluke, an absolute fluke."

According to The Wall Street Journal, the film led to over a hundred imitations being made in the next 12 months.

title: The Immoral Mr. Teas


text:
Sheet

Sheet or Sheets may refer to:

 * Bed sheet, a rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding
 * Sheet of paper, a flat, very thin piece of paper
 * Sheet metal, a flat thin piece of metal
 * Sheet (sailing), a line, cable or chain used to control the clew of a sail

Places

 * Sheet, Hampshire, a village and civil parish in East Hampshire, Hampshire, England.
 * Sheet, Shropshire, a village in Ludford, Shropshire, England.
 * Sheets Lake, Michigan, United States.
 * Sheets Site, a prehistoric archaeological site in Fulton County, Illinois, United States.
 * Sheets Peak, a mountain in the Wisconsin Range, Antarctica.

Other uses

 * Sheets (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
 * Sheet (computing), a type of dialog box
 * "Sheets", a 2003 song by Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks from Pig Lib
 * Google Sheets, spreadsheet editor by Google
 * Sheet of stamps, a unit of stamps as printed
 * Sheet or plate glass, a type of glass
 * Ice sheet, a mass of glacier ice
 * Sheet, the playing surface in the sport of curling
 * Sheet, thin plate of metal
 * Sheet, an object of a spectral sequence

title: Sheet


text:
Talk:Escuadrón 201 metro station

Untitled
from VfD

non-notable Mexico city metro stop

 * Keep and cleanup. No useful content yet but see if it can grow. Listed here less than three hours after creation. Andrewa 02:26, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Andrewa. Keep.--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 20:39, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 18:51, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep if it is cleaned up. Has potential i suppose.--ScottyBoy900Q ∞  18:35, 04 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Escuadrón 201 metro station


text:
List of compositions by Alban Berg

The following is an incomplete list of the compositions of Alban Berg:

1. Mäßig
 * Jugendlieder (1), composed 1901–4, voice and piano, published 1985
 * 1) "Herbstgefühl" (Siegfried Fleischer)
 * 2) "Spielleute" (Henrik Ibsen)
 * 3) "Wo der Goldregen steht" (F. Lorenz)
 * 4) "Lied der Schiffermädels" (Otto Julius Bierbaum)
 * 5) "Sehnsucht" I (Paul Hohenberg)
 * 6) "Abschied" (Elimar von Monsterberg-Muenckenau)
 * 7) "Grenzen der Menschheit" (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)
 * 8) "Vielgeliebte schöne Frau" (Heinrich Heine)
 * 9) "Sehnsucht" II (Paul Hohenberg)
 * 10) "Sternefall" (Karl Wilhelm)
 * 11) "Sehnsucht" III (Paul Hohenberg)
 * 12) "Ich liebe dich!" (Christian Dietrich Grabbe)
 * 13) "Ferne Lieder" (Friedrich Rückert)
 * 14) "Ich will die Fluren meiden" (Friedrich Rückert)
 * 15) "Geliebte Schöne" (Heinrich Heine)
 * 16) "Schattenleben" (Martin Greif)
 * 17) "Am Abend" (Emanuel Geibel)
 * 18) "Vorüber!" (Franz Wisbacher)
 * 19) "Schummerlose Nächte" (Martin Greif)
 * 20) "Es wandelt, was wir schauen (Joseph von Eichendorff)
 * 21) "Liebe (Rainer Maria Rilke)
 * 22) "Im Morgengrauen (Karl Stieler)
 * 23) "Grabschrift (Ludwig Jakobowski)
 * Jugendlieder (2), composed 1904–8, voice and piano, published 1985
 * 1) "Traum" (Frida Semler)
 * 2) "Augenblicke" (Robert Hamerling)
 * 3) "Die Näherin" (Rainer Maria Rilke)
 * 4) "Erster Verlust" (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)
 * 5) "Süss sind mir die Schollen des Tales" (Karl Ernst Knodt)
 * 6) "Er klagt das der Frühling so kortz blüht" (Arno Holz)
 * 7) "Tiefe Sehnsucht" (Detlev von Liliencron)
 * 8) "Über den Bergen" (Karl Busse)
 * 9) "Am Strande" (Georg Scherer)
 * 10) "Winter" (Johannes Schlaf)
 * 11) "Fraue, du Süsse" (Ludwig Finckh)
 * 12) "Verlassen" (Bohemian folksong)
 * 13) "Regen" (Johannes Schlaf)
 * 14) "Traurigkeit" (Peter Altenberg)
 * 15) "Hoffnung" (Peter Altenberg)
 * 16) "Flötenspielerin" (Peter Altenberg)
 * 17) "Spaziergang" (Alfred Mombert)
 * 18) "Eure Weisheit" (Johann Georg Fischer)
 * 19) "So regnet es sich langsam ein" (Cäsar Flaischlein)
 * 20) "Mignon" (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)
 * 21) "Die Sorglichen" (Gustav Falke)
 * 22) "Das stille Königreich" (Karl Busse)
 * 23) "An Leukon" (Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim)
 * Seven Early Songs, voice and piano, composed 1905–8, revised and orchestrated 1928
 * 1) "Nacht" (Carl Hauptmann)
 * 2) "Schilflied" (Nikolaus Lenau)
 * 3) "Die Nachtigall" (Theodor Storm)
 * 4) "Traumgekrönt" (Rainer Maria Rilke)
 * 5) "Im Zimmer" (Johannes Schlaf)
 * 6) "Liebesode" (Otto Erich Hartleben)
 * 7) "Sommertage" (Paul Hohenberg)
 * Schliesse mir die Augen beide (Theodor Storm), voice and piano, composed 1907, published in 1930 & 1955
 * An Leukon (Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim), voice and piano, composed 1908; published in 1937 & 1963 (Reich) & 1985 (UE) (2 versions exist: in G minor [1907]; in E minor [1908])
 * Frühe Klaviermusik, published 1989
 * Zwölf Variationen über ein eigenes Thema in C, piano, composed Nov. 8, 1908; published in 1957 & 1985
 * Symphony and Passacaglia, fragment, composed 1913
 * Piano Sonata, Op. 1, composed 1907–8, published April 24, 1911
 * Vier Lieder, Op. 2, voice and piano, composed 1909–10, published 1910
 * 1) "Schlafen, schlafen" (Friedrich Hebbel)
 * 2) "Schlafend trägt man mich" (Alfred Mombert)
 * 3) "Nun ich der Riesen Stärksten" (Alfred Mombert)
 * 4) "Warm die Lüfte" (Alfred Mombert)
 * String Quartet, Op. 3, composed 1910, published 1920
 * Fünf Orchesterlieder nach Ansichtkartentexten von Peter Altenberg, Op. 4, soprano and orchestra, 1912 (Altenberg Lieder)
 * 1) "Seele, wie bist du schöner"
 * 2) "Sahst du nach dem Gewitterregen"
 * 3) "Über die Grenzen des All"
 * 4) "Nichts ist gekommen"
 * 5) "Hier ist Friede"
 * Vier Stücke, Op. 5, clarinet and piano, composed 1913, published 1920

2. Sehr langsam

3. Sehr rasch

4. Langsam 1. Präludium
 * Three Pieces for Orchestra (Drei Orchesterstücke), Op. 6, composed 1914–15

2. Reigen

3. Marsch
 * Wozzeck, Op. 7, composed 1914–22
 * Drei Bruchstücke aus ‘Wozzeck’, soprano and orchestra
 * Kammerkonzert, piano, violin, and 13 winds, composed 1923–5
 * Adagio, violin, clarinet and piano, arranged 1926 (arrangement of Kammerkonzert mvmt. 2)
 * Schliesse mir die Augen beide (Theodor Storm), voice and piano, composed 1925
 * Lyric Suite, string quartet, composed 1925–6
 * Drei Sätze aus der Lyrischen Suite, arranged for string orchestra, 1928
 * "Der Wein" (Charles Baudelaire), concert aria, soprano and orchestra, composed 1929
 * Four-part Canon Alban Berg an das Frankfurter Opernhaus, composed 1930
 * Lulu, composed 1929–35, orchestration of Act 3 completed by Friedrich Cerha
 * Symphonische Stücke aus der Oper ‘Lulu’ (Lulu-Suite), soprano and orchestra, premièred under Kleiber in 1934
 * Violin Concerto, composed 1935
 * Vocal scores
 * Franz Schreker: Der ferne Klang (1911)
 * Arnold Schoenberg: Gurre-Lieder (1912)
 * Arnold Schoenberg: Litanei and Entrückung from String Quartet no.2, 1912
 * Arrangement for string quartet, piano, and harmonium
 * Johann Strauss II: Wein, Weib und Gesang, 1921

title: List of compositions by Alban Berg


text: Talk:Nancy Marchand

title: Talk:Nancy Marchand


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mark P Tjan

Mark P Tjan
not notable, student actor (another Boxed-Rice page) Wolfman 02:58, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * duplicate page at Mark P. Tjan

 * Delete. As above. --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 05:09, 2004 Sep 27 (UTC)
 * Delete as unabashed vanity. - Lucky 6.9 17:27, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:06, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)


text:
Same-sex marriage in Nunavut

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Nunavut since 20 July 2005. The Canadian territory began granting marriage licences to same-sex couples upon the granting of royal assent to the federal Civil Marriage Act. Previously, in October 2003, Premier Paul Okalik had announced that same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions would be legally recognized in Nunavut.

Background
On 30 October 2003, Premier Paul Okalik made the following statement: "If developments in the Parliament of Canada and the Supreme Court of Canada result in the definition of marriage being broadened, we will respect the law and comply with that. In the meantime, anyone in Nunavut who has been legally married anywhere will be recognized by the Government of Nunavut as married."

Okalik further suggested that the territory would perform same-sex divorces should the issue arise. He also succeeded in passing a territorial human rights code banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. As well, Nancy Karetak-Lindell, Liberal MP for the riding of Nunavut, was re-elected in the 2006 election after having supported same-sex marriage.

During the February 2004 general election, one of Premier Okalik's main opponents ran on the basis that he would repeal the territory's human rights legislation on sexual orientation, and would not recognize same-sex marriages. In 2005, a group of Inuit leaders called same-sex marriage "disruptive to traditional values" at a meeting of the Justice Committee of the House of Commons. Chris Trott, an associate professor at the University of Manitoba, said, "the elders are probably correct to say formal gay relationships are an example of southern influence. Practically speaking, liberation for Inuit homosexuals came in the form of the English language. In the encounter with the west, and in speaking English, they have a way of talking about that now. Once people find the vocabulary to articulate what they're feeling, then they say it. And I think that's what's going on now. Young people now have a way of speaking about it." Anglican and Pentecostal religious leaders were adamantly opposed to the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Nunavut, often referring to it as "contrary to Inuit culture". A local in Iqaluit who was asked to comment for the Nunatsiaq News said "it's interesting to see religious leaders offering opinions on how Inuit should behave when Christianity itself is a southern import."

Territorial legislation
In October 2011, the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut amended the Marriage Act (ᑲᑎᑎᓯᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ, Katitisimajulirinirmut Piqujaq; Inuinnaqtun: Katitiviliqinikkut Maligaq; Loi sur le mariage) and several other acts relating to family law and children law. The bill passed by the Assembly replaced the expression "husband and wife" with the gender-neutral term "spouses" in section 43(4) and added "or spouse" in section 13(b). The Adoption Act was also amended to allow same-sex couples to adopt children. The bill received royal assent by Commissioner Edna Elias on 31 October 2011.

Section 13 of the Marriage Act, entitled "Civil Marriage", reads: "Where a marriage ceremony is performed by a marriage commissioner [...] (b) each of the parties to the marriage shall, in the presence of the marriage commissioner and the witnesses, say to the other party: I call upon these persons here present to witness that I, .................., do take thee, .................., to be my lawful wedded (husband, wife, or spouse). [R.S.N.W.T. 1998,c.M-4,s.13]"

Marriage statistics
From July 2005 to October 2006, only one same-sex couple married in Nunavut, the lowest among all of Canada's provinces and territories. The first same-sex marriage involving an Inuk man was performed in June 2017 in Iqaluit between Joe Kucharski and Dwayne Nowdlak. There had already been one marriage for an Inuk lesbian couple. The first same-sex marriage in Cambridge Bay was performed between Jason Koblogina and Kyle Mercer in August 2018.

The 2016 Canadian census showed that were 25 same-sex couples living in Nunavut, though it is unknown how many were married, in a common-law marriage or cohabiting.

Religious performance
In July 2019, the synod of the Anglican Church of Canada narrowly rejected a motion to authorise same-sex marriage and allow clergy in the church to officiate at such marriages. Instead, the church synod passed a resolution known as "A Word to the Church", allowing its dioceses to choose whether to perform same-sex marriages. Clergy of the Diocese of The Arctic, including Bishop David Parsons, have been vocally opposed to the solemnisation of same-sex marriages within the church. Following the passage of the resolution, several dioceses, including those of Ottawa and Rupert's Land, announced they would permit their clergy to solemnise same-sex marriages in accordance with the new resolution passed by the church synod. The Diocese of The Arctic chose to distance itself from these dioceses, but, responding to concerns that it might be leaving the Anglican Church of Canada, it released a statement, "The Diocese of the Arctic remains a diocese within the Anglican Church of Canada, but must distance itself from those who violate the marriage canon. The implication of this is a state of 'impaired communion'."

title: Same-sex marriage in Nunavut


text:
Honor Among Thieves (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"Honor Among Thieves" is the 139th episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It is the 15th episode of the sixth season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the fictional space station Deep Space Nine, which lies adjacent to a wormhole connecting the Alpha and Gamma Quadrants of the galaxy. The later seasons of the series follow a war against the Dominion, a hostile empire from the Gamma Quadrant. In this episode, Miles O'Brien is tasked by Starfleet Intelligence to infiltrate the Orion Syndicate, a powerful organized crime ring. His goal is to find the identity of the person in Starfleet who is leaking information about their undercover operatives to the Syndicate.

The episode premiered to Nielsen ratings of 4.6, which is about 4.5 million viewers.

Plot
O'Brien is sent to infiltrate the Orion Syndicate on an out-of-the-way planet called Farius Prime. Starfleet Intelligence has given him the cover of a "fix-it man" down on his luck, knowing that the Syndicate is recruiting people with such skills. He spends his days in a bar frequented by Bilby, a local Syndicate operator.

O'Brien creates an opportunity and makes the most of it: when one of Bilby's men, Krole, is attempting to hack into a computer belonging to a local restaurant, O'Brien sabotages the computer to damage Krole's expensive hacking equipment. Miles saves Krole from injury, introducing himself as "Connolly", and volunteers to fix the equipment. Later, O'Brien repairs three broken Klingon-made disruptor weapons for Bilby, thereby winning his trust.

Bilby "witnesses" for O'Brien before his boss, Raimus, taking responsibility should anything go wrong with "Connolly"'s involvement in the Syndicate. Raimus comes to a meeting accompanied by a Vorta, revealing that the Orion Syndicate is working with the Dominion. By now O'Brien has succeeded in learning the identity of a Starfleet officer secretly working for the Syndicate, fulfilling his original mission objective; but Chadwick, his Starfleet Intelligence contact, asks him to remain undercover to learn more about the Dominion's involvement.

The Vorta orders Bilby to use the Klingon disruptors to assassinate the local Klingon ambassador, an opponent of the alliance between the Klingons and the United Federation of Planets against the Dominion. By having the ambassador killed by Klingon disruptors, it will appear that his assassination was ordered by the Klingon chancellor Gowron. The Dominion believes that he will be branded a martyr, furthering his cause and therefore weakening the alliance from within.

O'Brien informs Chadwick of the assassination plot. Rather than arrest the men involved, he opts to alert the Klingons and let them capture and execute Bilby and his men. By this point O'Brien has gotten close to Bilby, and hates the idea of being responsible for the death of a man who trusted him. He decides to tell Bilby the truth. Broken by the news, Bilby has little option but to head straight into the trap, as there is no running from the Syndicate. He hopes that, if he dies before it becomes obvious that O'Brien is working for Starfleet, Raimus will spare his family. Before leaving, he asks O'Brien to take care of his pet cat Chester.

Reception
Tor.com gave it 2 out of 10. In a mixed review for The A.V. Club, Zack Handlen noted the plot's similarities to the film Donnie Brasco.


text:
User talk:Fast Car

Hi, "Fast Car" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 03:00, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

title: User talk:Fast Car


text:
Secret trial

A secret trial is a trial that is not open to the public or generally reported in the news, especially any in-trial proceedings. Generally, no official record of the case or the judge's verdict is made available. Often there is no indictment.

Secret trials have been characteristic of many dictatorships in the modern era, but are also used in many democratic nations, with the explanation of being necessary for national security. They are a hotly debated topic in many circles, but are generally accepted in the western world as they are seen as protecting the "greater good".

Australia
It is possible that some wholly-secret trials occurred in Australia during World War I or World War II. In the 21st century, several secret trials have occurred or are set to occur in Australia:
 * In 2018, "Witness J" was tried and imprisoned by the Australian government in near-total secrecy. The existence of Witness J was discovered only by chance by a judge, and the scant details were reported to the media. The Attorney General of the Australian Capital Territory, where Witness J was imprisoned, was not aware of the case. Witness J is a former employee of one of Australia's intelligence agencies, but the identity and alleged crimes are still not public. Independent National Security Legislation Monitor James Renwick said that the level of secrecy in Witness J's case was "unprecedented".
 * From 2018 to 2021, the lawyer Bernard Collaery and "Witness K" were prosecuted by the Australian government with a high degree of secrecy, and part of their upcoming trial will be held in secret. The Liberal-National Coalition government of John Howard had helped secure the independence of impoverished Timor Leste from Indonesia. Negotiations were underway over fossil fuel deposits located in the sea between Timor Leste and Australia. The Howard government spied on the new Timor Leste government, and used that as leverage in negotiations to aid Australian company Woodside Petroleum. Collaery and Witness K are accused of sharing this with the Australian media and the Timor Leste government. Collaery was Witness K's lawyer at the time. Witness K has pleaded guilty, while Collaery has not.
 * From 2018 to 2021, the former military lawyer David McBride was prosecuted by the Australian government for leaking details of alleged war crimes committed by Australian soldiers in Afghanistan. McBride reported the crimes to superiors in the Australian Defence Force but felt that the evidence was not being taken seriously. He went to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, which in 2017 published a series of articles on the killings and corpse-mutilations called "The Afghan Files". Then, the military began to investigate the war crimes, which led to the 2020 Brereton Report. Part of McBride's upcoming trial will be held in secret.

Soviet Union
Although the Great Purges in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin are best remembered for the Moscow Trials, show trials in which the court became a parody of justice, most of the victims of the Terror were tried in secret. Mikhail Tukhachevsky and his fellow Red Army officers were tried in secret by a military tribunal, and their executions were announced only after the fact. The presiding judge of the Moscow Trials, Vasili Ulrikh, also presided over large numbers of secret trials, lasting only a few minutes, in which he would quickly speak his way through a pre-formulated charge and verdict.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, one of the most notorious secret courts was the Star Chamber under King Charles I of England in the early 17th century. The abuses of the Star Chamber were one of the rallying points of the opposition that organized around Oliver Cromwell and ultimately resulted in the execution of the deposed king. The term "star chamber" became a generalized term for a court that was accountable to no one (except the chief executive) and was used to suppress political dissent or eliminate the enemies of the regime.

R v Incedal and Rarmoul-Bouhadjar (2014) was to be the first British trial to be held entirely in secret. However, the Court of Appeal blocked full secrecy.

United States
The FISA Courts of the national intelligence apparatus are by design secret courts and are empowered by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to conduct secret trials and to impose secret punishments. Counsel arguing in the court are also subject to a secrecy order against disclosure of information about any cases in front of the court. Individuals who have been targeted in the court are also subjected to secrecy orders. The court sits ex parte, in the absence of anyone but the judge and the government present at the hearings. That, combined with the minimal number of requests that are rejected by the court, has led experts to characterize it as a rubber stamp; the former National Security Agency analyst Russ Tice called it a "kangaroo court with a rubber stamp".

title: Secret trial


text:
Zoot Suit (play)

Zoot Suit is a play written by Luis Valdez, featuring incidental music by Daniel Valdez and Lalo Guerrero. Zoot Suit is based on the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial and the Zoot Suit Riots. Debuting in 1979, Zoot Suit was the first Chicano play on Broadway. In 1981, Luis Valdez also directed a filmed version of the play, combining stage and film techniques.

Plot
Zoot Suit tells the story of Henry Reyna and the 38th Street Gang, who were tried for the Sleepy Lagoon murder in Los Angeles, during World War II. After a run-in with a neighboring gang at the local lovers lane, Sleepy Lagoon, the 38th Street Gang gets into a fight at a party, where a young man is murdered. Discriminated against for their zoot suit-wearing Chicano identity, twenty-two members of the 38th Street Gang are placed on trial for the murder, found guilty, and sentenced to life in San Quentin prison. Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, Henry's brother Rudy is beaten and stripped of his zoot suit during the Zoot Suit Riots.

Through the efforts of George and other lawyers, as well as activist-reporter Alice, with whom Henry has a brief romantic encounter, the boys win their court appeal and are freed. The play ends with a Reyna family reunion as Henry returns home and Rudy is about to leave to join the Marines. The scene suggests that it is not the happy ending we expect, however, as multiple endings of Henry's story are suggested: that he returned to prison and drug abuse, died in the war in Korea and was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously, or married Della and had five children.

Characters

 * El Pachuco: an allegorical character of the Chicano sub-culture of the same name.
 * Henry Reyna: leader of the 38th Street Gang
 * Enrique Reyna: Henry's father
 * Dolores Reyna: Henry's mother
 * Lupe Reyna: Henry's sister
 * Rudy Reyna: Henry's brother
 * George Shearer: lawyer for Henry and the 38th Street boys
 * Alice Bloomfield: reporter and activist for Henry's case, as well as a brief love interest of Henry's
 * Della Barrios: 38th Street Gang member and Henry's girlfriend
 * The 38th Street Gang: includes Smiley Torres, Joey Castro, Tommy Roberts, Elena Torres, and Bertha Villarreal
 * Rafas: leader of the Downey Gang, rival to the 38th Street Gang
 * Downey Gang: include Ragman, Hobo, Cholo, Zooter, Guera, Hoba, Blondie, and Little Blue
 * Lieutenant Edwards and Sergeant Smith: detectives
 * Members of the Press: includes Press (who doubles as the prosecution), Cub Reporter, and Newsboy
 * The Court: includes Judge F. W. Charles and Bailiff
 * Prison guard
 * Military men: include Bosun's Mate, Sailors, Marine, Swabbie, Manchuka, and Shore Patrolman
 * Extras: Girls, Pimp, Cholo

The Sleepy Lagoon Murder
Zoot Suit is based on the Sleepy Lagoon Murder of 1942 and the Zoot Suit Riots of 1943 in Los Angeles, California. On August 1, 1942 José Díaz was at a birthday party at the Williams Ranch. A disturbance occurred around 11:00 p.m. when a group of twenty white men from the Downey suburb arrived uninvited, complaining about a lack of beer. The group from Downey Gang were kicked out of the party after demanding more beer.

Meanwhile, a group of men and women from 39th street drove their cars to the nearby swimming hole and lovers lane, dubbed "Sleepy Lagoon", also on the Williams Ranch. Among the group were Henry Leyvas and his girlfriend Dora Baca, from whom the characters Henry Reyna and Della are contrived. Also with them was friend Bobby Telles. As the group socialized, three men pulled up and began yelling insults, met equally with words from Leyvas. The three drove off. The 38th street group wandered off until they heard a commotion from the parked cars, where Leyvas and Baca remained. A group of about sixteen men from the Downey gang were beating Leyvas and Baca, prompting members of the 38th street group to defend their friends. After the Downey group left, the group from 38th street gang left to gather more of their group, prior to returning to the Williams Ranch.

The group arrived at Sleepy Lagoon around 1:00 a.m. on the morning of the 2nd, to find no one, so someone suggested the Downey gang had moved to the party at the bunkhouse nearby at the Williams Ranch. At the party, the Downey gang was not to be found. Yet, somehow a fight broke out between the party goers and the 38th street gang. The fight was brief, ending when someone yelled the police were coming. In the aftermath of the fight, the party-throwers, the Delgadillos, discovered the body of José Díaz along the road, who had left the party shortly before the 38th street group arrived. His pockets were turned inside out. He was rushed to a hospital where he died an hour and a half after admission, with a concussion and two stab wounds. The circumstances around Díaz's death still remain undetermined.

The People v. Zammora et al.
In the process of investigating the murder of José Díaz, hundreds of young men and women in the L.A. area were brought in for police processing. Among the suspects arrested, several were severely beaten during questioning, including Henry Leyvas, Lupe Leyvas, Benny Alvarez, and Eugene Carpio, and Manuel Reyes. Twenty-two men were placed on trial as a group, under the defense of seven attorneys in the People v. Zammora et al. George Shibley later joined as an attorney on the case, winning favor from the defendants and their families for his attempts to communicate in Spanish. Alice McGrath was hired by Shibley to take notes on the trial. Though the murder weapon was never produced, after six days of deliberation, only five of the twenty-two young men were found "not guilty." The other seventeen young men were convicted of murdering José Díaz, including Henry Leyvas, who with José Ruíz and Robert Telles, was convicted of murder in the first degree and two counts of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill. Leyvas, Ruíz, and Telles were sentenced to life in prison, while the other young men were sentenced to one to five years.

The ruling was reversed in October 1944 and the men were released, due to the efforts of the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, with Alice McGrath as executive secretary. However, many of the young men returned to prison, including Henry Leyvas.

The Zoot Suit Riots
With rising tension between the zoot suiters and military servicemen in the L.A. area, what is known as the Zoot Suit Riots began on June 3, 1943 when a group of sailors claimed to have been robbed and beaten by Pachuco. Servicemen beat zoot suit wearing civilians with clubs and other makeshift weapons, and stripped them of their suits. Approximately ninety-four civilians and eighteen servicemen were treated for serious injuries, with all of the ninety four arrested, but only two of the servicemen. One source claims the Riot continued for five nights, when military and police ended the violence. However, a second source states that the span of the Riots was nine days.

Stage debut
Zoot Suit premiered at The Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles on April 20, 1978. This production with Center Theatre Group marked the first professionally produced Chicano play. The initial ten-day run in April sold out in two days. An audience of season ticket holders and local Mexican-Americans gave standing ovations each evening of the performances at the Mark Taper Forum. A second run began in August and tickets sold out yet again. This extended run was held at the Aquarius Theatre, Los Angeles.

Broadway production
The Broadway production debuted at the Winter Garden Theater on March 25, 1979, and closed on April 29 after 41 performances and 17 previews. The production was directed by Luis Valdez and featured choreography by Patricia Birch. Edward James Olmos' portrayal of El Pachuco earned him a Tony Award nomination for best featured actor in a play, as well as a Theatre World award. Zoot Suit was the second Latino written and directed play produced on Broadway, coming second only to Miguel Piñero's Short Eyes in 1974. While Short Eyes won two Obie Awards, as well as the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best American Play, Zoot Suit ran a mere five weeks on Broadway.

Valdez also directed a filmed version of the play, combining stage and film techniques.

30th anniversary production
In April 2008, Alma Martinez, member of the original 1978 cast of Zoot Suit directed the 30 year anniversary production at Pomona College in Claremont, California. This was the first time since its stage debut in 1978 that Zoot Suit had been produced in the Los Angeles area. The two-week run managed to sell out prior to opening night, despite minimal advertisement, primarily in Latino publications. Many outreach opportunities were taken, including an alumni night, a staff appreciation performance, matinees allowing over 1,000 high school students to attend, and the development of a study guide for students attending the performances.

The alumni event featured a reunion of original 1978 cast members, as well as members of the film version of Zoot Suit. Luis Valdez and Alice McGrath, the community activist on whom Valdez based the character Alice, were given awards. Also in the audience were members of the family of Henry Leyvas, on whom Henry Reyna was based.

In casting the revival, Martinez cast across the Claremont University Consortium in search of Latino students. All of the Chicano roles featured actors making their stage debut, and the majority of the cast was composed of non-theatre majors. Assistant director Shakina Nayfack modified the script to reduce homophobic and sexist language where possible. Martinez cast a female in the traditionally male role of the Press.

Center Theatre Group’s 50th Anniversary
As part of the Center Theatre Group's 50th Anniversary celebration, playwright and director Luis Valdez brought Zoot Suit to the Mark Taper Forum from January 31 to April 2, 2017. The play featured Rose Portillo and Daniel Valdez, who were original cast members from the 1978 production. Instead of reprising their roles of Henry Reyna and Della, respectively, they returned to the stage to play the roles of Henry Reyna's parents. Rose Portillo was delighted to bring Zoot Suit to new audiences and stated, “I’m over the moon. It was a dream come true the first time. It’s a dream come true the second time, to come full circle and to work with Luis at the Taper, where Gordon Davidson and Luis were so influential on my artistic career. I’m looking forward to sharing Zoot Suit with a whole new crop of artists and audiences.” Similarly, Daniel Valdez said, “It’s great to come back to where it all started 38 years ago. I’m looking forward to inhabiting the world of Zoot Suit once again.” Academy Award nominated actor Demián Bichir also starred as El Pachuco.

Criticism
Zoot Suit was well received in its initial production in Los Angeles. In his review for Theatre Journal, Jules Aaron laudes the play for its ability to both entertain and make a political statement. Aaron also notes the emotional content of the play. Richard Eder for The New York Times echoed Aaron's observations that the play is both entertaining and political. He adds that Zoot Suit is a blend of Cantinflas and Brecht. Eder adds his critique that the play is too specific to the Chicano community and lacks universality.

Valdez's play did not receive the same feelings in New York City when it made its Broadway debut. Richard Eder voiced a different opinion of the Broadway staging from when he saw the production in L.A.   Eder notes that the design elements lacked harmony, and that Zoot Suit failed to combine entertainment with symbolism, plot, and moral. A week later, a New York Times review by Walter Kerr criticizes Valdez for his use of clichés. Kerr also complains of the lack of emotional connection between Daniel Valdez and Miss Hensel, who play Henry and Alice, respectively.

Music
The songs threaded through Zoot Suit were written by Lalo Guerrero and the playwright's brother Daniel Valdez. Guerrero, known as the father of Chicano music, wrote music detailing the Chicano culture during World War II, resulting in the feature of the songs in Zoot Suit. The music combines boogie-woogie and El Paso's version of R&B.

title: Zoot Suit (play)


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Mixed Blood Theatre Company

The Mixed Blood Theatre Company is a professional multiracial theatre company in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was founded in 1976 by artistic director Jack Reuler, to explore race via the use of theater.

History
Jack Reuler founded Mixed Blood in 1976 to explore issues around race within the theater framework. Mixed Blood operates out of an old Cedar-Riverside firehouse.

In the 1990s Jack Reuler worked with Syl Jones, playwright who had formerly worked in the corporate setting, to create customized plays and workshops for corporate and governmental clients ranging from Medtronic and Honeywell to the William Mitchell College of Law and the Ramsey County Attorney's Office. Syl Jones would write the play or workshop, merging his corporate experience with his playwriting skills. Jones formerly won accolades for his new works at Mixed Blood (Cincinnati Man) and Penumbra (Shine), both in 1992.

Mixed Blood Theatre was the first company to use the Joe Dowling Studio in the Guthrie Theater with its play Yellowman in 2006.

In 2021 Jack Reuler's retirement was announced and in 2022 Mark Valdez was announced as the new Artistic Director.

Works
Mixed Blood's plays range from chamber theatre to political satires. The theatre presents over 500 performances annually in the Alan Page Auditorium of its historic firehouse theatre, as well as in schools, churches, community centers, juvenile detention centers, and workplaces. Mixed Blood seeks to "addresses injustices, inequities, and cultural collisions, providing a voice for the unheard—on stage, in the workplace, in the company’s own Cedar Riverside neighborhood and beyond."

Mixed Blood is a member of Theatre Communications Group (TCG) and the National New Play Network (NNPN).

title: Mixed Blood Theatre Company