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Upnor

Lower Upnor and Upper Upnor are two small villages in Medway, Kent, England. They are in the parish of Frindsbury Extra on the western bank of the River Medway. Today the two villages are mainly residential and a centre for small craft moored on the river, but Upnor Castle is a preserved monument, part of the river defences from the sixteenth century.

Origins
Upnor meant "at the bank" being "æt þæm ōre" in Old English and "atten ore" in Middle English and "atte Nore" in 1292. However, the meaning changed to "upon the bank" (Middle English: "uppan ore") and by 1374 it was "Upnore".

A skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant was excavated in 1911, during the construction of the Royal Engineers' Upnor Hard.

Lower Upnor
Lower Upnor faces the Upnor Reach of the River Medway. It was a single row of houses, separated from the river by the roadway and the hard. Located here is the Arethusa training centre, which provides residential school trips and educational visits and is run by the Shaftesbury Homes and Arethusa. In 1849, HMS Arethusa was the name of the training ship moored near the shore. The society had moored a training ship here for over 105 years. The first was Chichester, but after then all the ships were called Arethusa. The last but one Arethusa was the Peking, one of the R.F Laeisz's Flying P-Liner four-masted barques, built in 1911, and acquired after 1918 as war reparations. She was sold in 1975 to the South Street Seaport Museum in New York. The last Arethusa, a 23-metre two-masted ketch, was sold in 2000 and now sails with the Cirdan Sailing Trust under the name Faramir.

In recent times extra housing has been built behind this street, exploiting the land exposed by quarrying the steep hillside that leads to Hoo Common.

Lower Upnor is also the home of two yacht/sailing clubs. Medway Yacht Club, which was founded in 1880, purchased land in Lower Upnor in 1948, now comprising approximately 14 acre. Upnor Sailing Club was formed in the 1962 and moved into its present club house (formed from renovating three existing traditional riverfront cottages) in the 1980s.

Upper Upnor
Upper Upnor comprises a village cobbled high street leading down to Upnor Castle. It has many houses displaying Kentish weatherboarding, some are Grade II listed. It also has some terraced streets including former military housing. Upper Upnor is on the Chatham Reach of the River Medway, directly opposite St Mary's Creek.

London Stones
The London Stones are in Lower Upnor on the shoreline. They mark the limit of the charter rights of London fishermen. The older stone has the date 1204 carved on it as part of an eighteenth-century inscription.

Industry
Like other parts of Frindsbury, chalk has been extracted, high quality moulding sand has been taken from a pit near the Church, and William Burgess Little built 25 five barges at his yard between 1843 and 1871. The first was the Sarah Little and the last called W.B.Little Finish. James Little built three barges here in 1891, 1893, and 1895. A potter's kiln can be seen on an 1830 watercolour by Susan Twopeny, now in Rochester Guildhall Museum.

The church
The ecclesiastical parish of Upnor split from Frindsbury in 1884 and was reabsorbed in 1955. The parish church of St Philip and St James (1884) was designed by Ewan Christian. It is virtually unaltered.

Upnor Castle
Upnor Castle was built as an artillery fort between 1559 and 1567 in order to protect Chatham Dockyard and the associated naval anchorage. It was called into action in June 1667 when the Dutch Navy conducted a raid on the ships moored in the river; the castle proved ineffective in repelling the attack and it was decommissioned soon afterwards. Though the castle was only operational as a fort for about 100 years, it was retained as a gunpowder magazine and ammunition store until the end of the First World War; continuing in military use through World War II, it was opened to the public as a museum in 1945.

Lower Upnor ordnance depot
Upnor Castle served as a gunpowder magazine for the Board of Ordnance from 1668, providing powder for the defences of Chatham Dockyard and for the fleet based in the Nore. In 1810 a new magazine with space for 10,000 barrels of gunpowder was built downriver from the castle (which had long needed to expand its capacity) along with a 'shifting house' for inspecting powder that had arrived by sea (though demolished, its surrounding earth traverse is still in evidence, midway between the magazine and the castle).

In 1856 a second magazine was constructed alongside the first, to the same design but with more than double the capacity; (this still stands on the river bank, the earlier magazine having been demolished in 1964). At the same time, buildings were constructed (alongside the shifting house) for storing and maintaining artillery shells; but these soon proved too small, so the site began to be extended to the north, where additional shell stores were built from the 1860s onwards. A little further to the north, a group of large houses were bought to serve as offices for the depot. There was not enough space, though, for further bulk storage of gunpowder, so in 1875 a separate set of five magazines were built, inland at Chattenden, and linked to Upnor by a narrow-gauge railway (see below); the Upnor magazines were then converted into filled shell stores.

In 1891 Britain's Ordnance Yards were split between the Admiralty and the War Department, Upnor going to the former, Chattenden to the latter. The Admiralty therefore embarked on building a new inland depot, next to Chattenden, at Lodge Hill; opening in 1898, it dealt principally with cordite. At Upnor itself further Shell Stores was built in the 1880s, supplemented by new buildings for storing wet and dry guncotton (used in torpedoes and mines) in 1895. The site was extended further to the north in the early 1900s to allow construction of a much larger store for filled shells and another for mines. At the same time a complex of buildings for filling shells with powder (and later also with trotyl and amatol) were added behind the original 'A' and 'B' magazines.

The three sites, Upnor, Lodge Hill and Chattenden, were active as Royal Naval Armaments Depots until the mid-1960s. Thereafter they remained in military hands as part of the Royal School of Military Engineering until the mid-2010s.

Present day
The Lower Upnor site was put up for sale in 2014. Two years later, the Grade II* listed 'B' Magazine was being converted into offices, while a residential building of similar proportions was being erected on the footprint of the demolished 'A' Magazine alongside; behind the magazines, more apartments were planned within the surviving concrete traverses (blast walls) of a demolished set of shell-filling rooms (dating from 1906). Meanwhile, the surviving buildings to the north were also being refurbished for light commercial and retail use. The inland depots, latterly known as Chattenden and Lodge Hill Military Camps, were put up for sale in 2016.

The military railway
The army used this area to train a railway engineering force. They built a standard gauge railway from Chattenden to Upnor in 1872–73. This was abandoned before 1881 and a gauge line was built in 1885 or by the 8th (Railway) Company R.E. in 1898. One branch went to Lower Upnor, and the other to the camp by Tower Hill. This line was used to supply armaments from Chattenden, the Lodge Hill Ammunition Depot and the standard gauge at Sharnal Street, to the warships and the Upnor Magazine. The service closed on 19 May 1961.

In 1965–1967, the Royal Engineers converted the route from Lower Upnor to Chattenden into a road, including building a new bridge over Four Elms Hill (the main road through Chattenden village). The new road is named Upchat Road.

The Royal Engineers
The Royal Engineers still have a presence in Upper Upnor; the Royal School of Military Engineering (Riverine Operations section) maintains classrooms, workshops and a hard in Upnor for training Royal Engineers assault boat operators and watermanship safety officers, who continue to operate craft on operations all over the world. The section operates Mk 1 and 3 Rigid Raiders, and combat support boats, as well as teaching use of the Mk 6 Assault Boat. The area is also used for other training purposes by the Royal School of Military Engineering including practice and test bomb disposal tasks by the Defence Explosive Ordnance Disposal School, until its move to Bicester.

title: Upnor


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Stephen Cleobury

Sir Stephen John Cleobury (31 December 1948 – 22 November 2019)  was an English organist and music director. He worked with the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, where he served as music director from 1982 to 2019, and with the BBC Singers.

During his long tenure at King's College, with the choir having performed a live broadcast on the BBC on Christmas Eve since 1928, he made the singers even better known by tours and recordings. From 1984 he introduced the commission of a new Christmas carol annually. Among many honours, he was honorary fellow of the Royal School of Church Music, and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2009. In 2019, he was knighted for his contributions to choral music.

Early years
Stephen John Cleobury was born in Bromley, Kent, the son of John F. Cleobury and Brenda J. Randall. He sang as a chorister at Worcester Cathedral under Douglas Guest then Christopher Robinson. He was organ scholar at St John's College, Cambridge, under the musical directorship of George Guest, and sub-organist of Westminster Abbey before becoming the first Anglican master of music at the Catholic Westminster Cathedral in 1979. In the 1970s, he was head of music at both St Matthew's Church, Northampton, and Northampton Grammar School, where he taught music for four years.

King's College, Cambridge
In 1982 Cleobury succeeded Philip Ledger as Director of Music for the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, where he also taught music. He led the annual Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at the King's College Chapel on Christmas Eve, which was established in 1918 and broadcast live by the BBC from 1928. Cleobury's most notable contribution was, from 1984, the incorporation of specially commissioned modern works to complement the traditional carols. Among the composers contributing were Thomas Adès, John Tavener and Mark-Anthony Turnage. Harrison Birtwistle's The Gleam, which requires the choristers to stamp their feet and shout, caused some controversy. The high-profile performance of these commissions allowed the widespread dissemination of sophisticated contemporary choral music.

Cleobury introduced singing lessons for the choristers and expanded the repertoire to include more singing in Latin, and composers such as Kodály, Janáček and Arvo Pärt. He established the Festival of Easter at King's and also Concerts at King's, a concert series throughout the year. Recordings were made by the choir's own label beginning in 2012.

He was conductor of Cambridge University Musical Society (CUMS) from 1983 to 2009, and made many recordings with that group including Verdi's Quattro Pezzi Sacri and Goehr's The Death of Moses. As part of the celebrations of the 800th anniversary of Cambridge University, he premiered Peter Maxwell Davies' The Sorcerer's Mirror.

His last major project there was Bach's St Matthew Passion in 2019, in a sequence of performing it alternating with the St John Passion every year. The choir performed with the Academy of Ancient Music and James Gilchrist as the Evangelist. He retired on 30 September 2019, and was succeeded at King's College by Daniel Hyde.

Beyond Cambridge
Cleobury was president of the Royal College of Organists from 1990 to 1992. He was chief conductor of the BBC Singers from 1995 to 2007, and was then their conductor laureate. He performed with them themed concerts such as Shostakovich, Stalin and Soviet Russia in 2014, Creation songs in 2015, Tallis Lamentations in 2016, and for Remembrance Day 2017, Songs of Farewell. The latter was given at the King's College Chapel, and combined the world premiere of Thomas Simaku's The Scream with Hubert Parry's Songs of Farewell, and Duruflé's Notre Père and Requiem. In the concert celebrating the choir's 90th anniversary on 24 September 2014, he was one of four conductors to lead compositions written for the group. Cleobury served as a visiting fellow at the Louisiana State University School of Music for 2013–2014.

Personal life
Cleobury's brother Nicholas is also a conductor and his sister is a musician and teacher. His cousin Stephen Dean is a composer. Cleobury lived with his second wife, Emma Disley, whom he married in 2004, and their two daughters. He died of cancer in his hometown of York, on 22 November 2019, the liturgical feast day of Saint Cecilia, patron saint of organ players and musicians. He also had two children from his first marriage to Penny Holloway.

Honours and awards
Cleobury was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music (D.Mus.) from Anglia Ruskin University in 2001. In 2008 he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal School of Church Music. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to choral music.

As conductor

 * 2020 – Bach: St Matthew Passion (released posthumously)
 * 2019 – Evensong Live 2019: Anthems and Canticles
 * 2019 – Howells: Cello Concerto & An English Mass
 * 2019 – The Music of King's: Choral Favourites from Cambridge
 * 2018 – 100 Years of Nine Lessons and Carols
 * 2018 – Byrd: Motets
 * 2018 – 再别康桥 (Second Farewell to Cambridge)
 * 2017 – Vaughan Williams: Dona Nobis Pacem & Bernstein: Chichester Psalms
 * 2017 – Bach: St John Passion
 * 2016 – Evensong Live 2016
 * 2016 – Hymns from King's
 * 2015 – 1615 Gabrieli in Venice
 * 2015 – Evensong Live 2015
 * 2015 – English Hymn Anthems
 * 2014 – Favourite Carols from King's
 * 2014 – Fauré Requiem
 * 2013 – Britten: Saint Nicolas (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 2013 – Mozart: Requiem Realisations (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 2012 – Nine Lessons & Carols (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 2007 – I Heard a Voice – Music From the Golden Age, Works by Weelkes, Gibbons and Tomkins (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, Oliver Brett, Peter Stevens)
 * 2006 – Brahms: Ein deutsches Requiem (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, with Susan Gritton, Hanno Müller-Brachmann, Evgenia Rubinova and Jose Gallardo)

 * 2003 – Bach: Johannes-Passion (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, with John Mark Ainsley, Stephen Richardson, Catherine Bott, Michael Chance, Paul Agnew, and Stephen Varcoe)
 * 2002 – Vivaldi: Gloria, RV 589 / Dixit Dominus, RV 594 / Magnificat, RV 610 (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, with the Academy of Ancient Music)
 * 2001 – Howells: Te Deum & Jubilate (Choir of King's College Cambridge)
 * 2000 – Handel: Israel in Egypt (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, Ian Bostridge, Michael Chance, Susan Gritton, Stephen Varcoe)
 * 2000 – Best Loved Hymns (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1999 – Rachmaninov: Vespers (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1998 – John Rutter: Requiem (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1997 – Stanford: Evening Services in C and G (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1996 – The King's Collection (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1996 – Allegri: Miserere (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1995 – Handel: Dixit Dominus (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1994 – Ikos (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1994 – Handel: Messiah (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, with Lynne Dawson, Hilary Summers, John Mark Ainsley and Alastair Miles)
 * 1994 – Bach: St Matthew Passion (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, with Rogers Covey-Crump, Michael George, Emma Kirkby, Michael Chance, Martyn Hill, David Thomas)
 * 1990 – Tallis: Spem in alium, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Responsaries (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1989 – Fauré: Requiem; Duruflé: Requiem (Choir of King's College, Cambridge, Olaf Bär, Ann Murray)
 * 1984 – O Come All Ye Faithful (Favourite Christmas Carols) (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)

As organist

 * 2019 – Herbert Howells’ An English Mass
 * 2017 – The King of Instruments: A Voice Reborn
 * 2009 – The Grand Organ of King's College
 * 2007 – Organ Classics from King's
 * 2004 – British Organ Music from King's
 * 1993 – Organ Favourites from King's College, Cambridge

DVD
As conductor:
 * 2014 – Carols from King's (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 2002 – Anthems from King's (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1996 – Bach: "Johannes-Passion" (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)
 * 1993 – Handel: "Messiah" (Choir of King's College, Cambridge)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stephen Cleobury


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Lamb chop

Lamb chop or Lambchop may refer to:

 * Meat chop of lamb
 * Lamb meat
 * Lamb Chop (puppet), a sock puppet sheep created by Shari Lewis and now played by her daughter Mallory
 * Lambchop (band), an American alternative-country group
 * Lamb Chop (horse) (1960-1964), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Lambchops (film), a 1929 Burns and Allen comedy short film
 * Lamb Chopz, an EP by Esham

title: Lamb chop


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Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea

Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea is a 1961 American science fiction disaster film, produced and directed by Irwin Allen, and starring Walter Pidgeon and Robert Sterling. The supporting cast includes Peter Lorre, Joan Fontaine, Barbara Eden, Michael Ansara, and Frankie Avalon. The film's storyline was written by Irwin Allen and Charles Bennett. The opening title credits theme song was sung by Avalon. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Plot
The state-of-the-art nuclear submarine, Seaview, is on diving trials in the Arctic Ocean. Seaview is designed by scientist Admiral Harriman Nelson (USN-Ret). Captain Lee Crane is Seaview's Commanding Officer. The mission includes being out of radio contact for 96 hours while under the Arctic ice cap. The polar ice begins to crack and melt, with boulder-size pieces sinking into the ocean around the submerged submarine. Surfacing, they discover the sky is on fire. After rescuing scientist Miguel Alvarez and his dog at Ice Floe Delta, Seaview receives a radio message from Mission Director Inspector Bergan at the Bureau of Marine Exploration. After piercing the Van Allen radiation belt, a meteor shower caught on fire, resulting in an increase in the global temperature.

The President summons Admiral Nelson to a United Nations Emergency Scientific meeting. Nelson and Commodore Lucius Emery have devised a plan to end the catastrophe. Seaview arrives in New York Harbor two days later. According to Nelson and Emery's calculations, if the increasing temperature is not stopped, it will become irreversible and the Earth will die in about three weeks. Nelson and Emery propose extinguishing the fire by launching a nuclear missile at the burning belt from the Mariana Islands. A nuclear explosion should extinguish the flames, "amputating" the belt from the Earth. Seaview can fire the missile. The chief scientist and head delegate, Vienna's Emilio Zucco, rejects Nelson's plan as too risky. He believes the composition of the belt's gasses will cause the fire to soon burn itself out. Nelson disagrees with Zucco's theory, claiming that his estimated burn-out point is incorrect. However, Nelson and Emery's plan is rejected. The two leave the proceedings intending to get authorization directly from the President himself.

The Seaview races to reach the optimal firing position above the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench in time for the needed angle of trajectory. Nelson and Crane attempt tapping the Rio-to-London telephone cable, trying to reach the President. During the cable tapping attempt, Crane and Alvarez battle a giant squid. They can only tap into the London cable, and Nelson learns there has been no contact with the U.S. for 35 hours.

An unsuccessful attempt on the Admiral's life indicates a saboteur is aboard. Alvarez, a religious zealot regarding the catastrophe, is the suspected saboteur. Dr. Susan Hiller, who privately supports Dr. Zucco's plan, is another suspect.

The Seaview's main generator is then sabotaged by a crew member who lost his mind, forcing Nelson to order Crane to proceed while repairs are made despite the risk of traveling without power for the sonar and radar. As a result, the submarine narrowly escapes a minefield left over from World War II. The crew are near-mutiny, to the point that when the Seaview encounters a motor ship whose crew is dead, Captain Crane and the Admiral allow any men who wish to leave rather than continue the mission to sail the derelict home.

Crane begins doubting the Admiral's tactics and reasoning. A hostile submarine pursues them, diving into the Mariana Trench, exceeding its crush depth; it implodes before it can destroy Seaview.

The saboteur has shut down the sub's power. Crane encounters Dr. Hiller, the saboteur, atop the shark tank, as she exits the restricted nuclear reactor core. Her radiation detector badge has turned red, showing she has been exposed to a fatal dose. When asked why, she says to prevent the sub from reaching its target. An explosion rocks the sub, throwing Dr. Hiller into the shark tank. The sharks kill her.

Seaview reaches the Mariana Islands in time to carry out the Admiral's plan. He learns that temperatures are rising faster than projected, proving Zucco's theory is incorrect. Alvarez, believing it is God's will for the Earth to be destroyed, attempts to sabotage the mission by threatening to explode a bomb. The nuclear missile is launched toward the belt by Captain Crane, who does it from outside the sub before Alvarez is aware. It explodes in the Van Allen Belt as intended, driving the burning flames away from Earth and saving humanity.

As the sky returns to its normal color, Seaview turns for home, her mission completed.

Cast

 * Walter Pidgeon as Admiral Harriman Nelson
 * Joan Fontaine as Dr. Susan Hiller
 * Barbara Eden as Lieutenant (JG) Cathy Connors
 * Peter Lorre as Commodore Lucius Emery
 * Robert Sterling as Captain Lee Crane
 * Michael Ansara as Miguel Alvarez
 * Frankie Avalon as Lieutenant (JG) Danny Romano
 * Regis Toomey as Dr. Jamieson
 * John Litel as Vice-Admiral B.J. Crawford
 * Howard McNear as Congressman Llewellyn Parker
 * Henry Daniell as Dr. Emilio Zucco
 * Robert Easton as "Sparks"
 * Mark Slade as Seaman Jimmy "Red" Smith
 * Charles Tannen as CPO Gleason
 * Del Monroe as Seaman Kowalski

Historical and technical background
The name of the film is an inversion of a phrase in common use at the time, concerning the exploration of the Arctic Ocean by nuclear submarines, namely, "a voyage to the top of the world".

From August 1, 1958, through August 5, 1958, USS Nautilus (SSN-571) (the first nuclear-powered submarine), under the command of Commander (later Captain) William R. Anderson, steamed under the Arctic ice cap to make the first crossing from the Pacific to the Atlantic via the North Pole. On August 3, 1958, she became the first vessel to reach the North Pole.

For this accomplishment, Nautilus and her crew were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the first Presidential Unit Citation awarded in peacetime. The citation began with the words, "For outstanding achievement in completing the first voyage in history across the top of the world, by cruising under the Arctic ice cap from the Bering Strait to the Greenland Sea".

Nautilus 90 North (1959, with Clay Blair) was the first book Anderson wrote about the Arctic missions of USS Nautilus. It was named for the radio message he sent to the Chief of Naval Operations to announce that Nautilus had reached the pole. His second book about these missions, The Ice Diaries: The Untold Story of the Cold War's Most Daring Mission (with Don Keith), was completed shortly before Anderson's death. This second book includes many previously classified details.

On March 17, 1959, the nuclear submarine USS Skate (SSN-578), under the command of Commander (later Vice Admiral) James F. Calvert, became the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. While there, her crew scattered the ashes of Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins. Calvert wrote the book Surface at the Pole about this and the other Arctic missions of USS Skate.

The film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea begins with Seaview in the Arctic for the final phase of her sea trials, including a dive under the ice cap.

Two milestones in underwater exploration were achieved in 1960, the year before Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was released. On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh (USN), in the bathyscaphe Trieste, made the first descent to the bottom of the Challenger Deep. The Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed spot in the world's oceans, and is located in the Mariana Trench, southwest of Guam. From February 16, 1960, to May 10, 1960, the submarine USS Triton (SSRN-586), under the command of Captain Edward L. Beach, Jr., made the first submerged circumnavigation of the world. Triton observed and photographed Guam extensively through her periscope during this mission, without being detected by the U.S. Navy on Guam.

In the film, Seaview fires a missile from a position northwest of Guam to extinguish the "sky fire".

At the time that Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was made, the Van Allen radiation belts had only recently been discovered, and most of what the film states concerning them is fiction. Discoveries since then clearly invalidate what the film says: the Van Allen belts (actually somewhat more radiation-dense portions of the magnetosphere) are made up of sub-atomic particles trapped by the Earth's magnetic field in the vacuum of space and cannot catch fire, as fire requires oxygen, fuel, and an ignition source, all of which are insufficient in the Van Allen Belts. Unburned hydrocarbon emissions have never reached concentrations that could support a "sky fire".

At the beginning of the film, pieces of the polar ice cap are sinking, colliding with Seaview. No explanation is given as to why the ice doesn't float.

The submarine Seaview
The film's submarine design is unique in featuring an eight-window bow viewport that provides panoramic undersea views. In the novelization by Theodore Sturgeon, the windows are described as "oversized hull plates which happen to be transparent". They are made of "X-tempered herculite", a process developed by Nelson. In the film, Seaview has eight bow windows in the exterior shots, but only four appear in the interior shots showing the lower level Observation Room (the four upper windows are implied to be out of frame, at the top of the Observation Room). The lower hull also has an exterior shark-like bow flare, and the stern has tail fins reminiscent of a Cadillac circa 1959. Seaview is propelled by a water-jet system generally similar to the magnetohydrodynamic system employed by the Red October in the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, though no details are provided in the film.

In the film, the USOS Seaview (United States Oceanographic Survey) is under the authority of Nelson and the Bureau of Marine Exploration rather than the U.S. Navy. The novel mentions the bureau as being part of the U.S. Department of Science. The crew wears World War II U.S. Army tropical khaki dress uniforms with naval rank insignia on the sleeves, rather than U.S. Navy service dress khaki with shoulder boards. The officers' working uniforms are U.S. Army khaki long with epaulets, black tie, and lapel insignia; however, unlike the U.S. Navy, the Marine Exploration insignia, a specialist insignia, is worn on the right collar point and rank insignia is worn on the left, the reverse of U.S. Navy practice. The crew's working uniform is the U.S. Navy period-correct chambray shirt and dungaree uniform, with the white "dixie cup" cap. Chief petty officers wear the Army khaki uniform with U.S. Navy style chief's rank (less the Navy "crow" on top of the rocker) on both sleeves. The effect is that of government service, but not necessarily military service.

Production
The film was part of an upswing in science fiction and fantasy films of the era, including adaptations of Jules Verne's and H. G. Wells' works.

The film marked Walter Pidgeon's return to filmmaking after several years working in the theater. The role of Captain Crane was originally offered to David Hedison, who turned it down after completing Allen's The Lost World (1960), saying that he did not like the script. He would later play the role in the 1964 television series based on the film.

Set designer Herman Blumenthal did not approach the Navy to do research; he relied solely on pictures of naval vessels in the media.

The theatrical release poster shown above is one of four posters that were produced to promote the film. Each one has different wording and slightly different artwork, and each one promotes the film from a different perspective. The above poster also promotes Sturgeon's novelization.

Reception
Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was previewed on June 18, 1961. It was released to theaters in early July 1961 and had run its course by late fall (September/October). The film played to mixed reviews from critics, but audiences made the film a popular success. Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was made for US$2 million and brought in US$7 million at the box office.

Impact
For the filming of Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, detailed sets, props and scale models were created to realize the Seaview submarine. After the film was completed, the sets were placed in storage. When Irwin Allen decided to make a Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea television series, all he had to do was pull the sets out of storage. This was done at a fraction of the cost that he might have had if he had begun from scratch. The film reduced the cost of setting up the show and was the template for the type of stories that were done. The studios, having made the film, helped make the television series easier to produce.

Television
The success of the feature film led to the 1964–1968 ABC television series, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. During the series run, the film's storyline was remade as a one-hour episode, written by Willam Welch, and titled "The Sky's on Fire". Other scenes from the film were also rewritten and incorporated into the television series.

Novels
In June 1961, Pyramid Books published a novelization of the film by science fiction writer Theodore Sturgeon. The book went on to be reprinted several times during the 1960s. One of those reprintings pictures Richard Basehart and David Hedison on the cover, but the book is still based on the Walter Pidgeon film. Collectors who want a novelization of the television series should find City Under the Sea. That novel uses the television characters, but should not be confused with either the television series or the later Irwin Allen film with the same name.

Sturgeon's book is based on an early version of the film's script and has the same basic story as the film. It also has a few characters that were not in the film, as well as some additional technical explanation. Some film scenes are different, while some others are wholly absent from the film. Likewise, some film scenes are missing from the book.

The original 1961 book cover portrays a submarine meeting a fanged sea serpent. This scene is not in the novel or the film. The submarine design on the cover does not match the Seaview shown in the film or the Seaview described in the novel: The submarine's bow is opaque, and her "Observation Room" is a rearward projection from the base of the conning tower. The basic shape of the Seaview's hull resembles that of the U.S. Navy's USS Skipjack (SSN-585), the first American nuclear-powered submarine with an "Albacore hull", including its cruciform stern and single-screw propeller.

Comics
A submarine design very similar to the one used on the 1961 book cover shows up in the 1962 Dell Comics series, Voyage to the Deep (with a similar mission to save the world), that was published to capitalize on the film's popularity. The submarine's mission took it to the Mariana Trench to stop the Earth from wobbling out of orbit. Dell later cancelled the title with issue #4. The submarine was named Proteus, later the name of the submersible seen in the science fiction film Fantastic Voyage (1966).

In 1961, Dell Comics created a full-color adaptation of the Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea film. The comic book was Four Color Comics #1230 and was illustrated by Sam Glanzman. It contains a few publicity stills from the film, plus a section on the history of submarines. In this adaptation, the Admiral's first name is Farragut instead of Harriman.

Mad magazine published a TV series parody entitled, "Voyage to See What's on the Bottom".

Other
There is also a family board game, manufactured by GemColor, that is tied to the film and not the television series. The game's product carton uses a photo of a wetsuited scuba diver with the eight-foot shooting miniature of the Seaview.

A Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea coloring book for children was released in the mid-1960s.

The film has since been released in multiple territories on VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray.

title: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea


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Lu Xun Literary Prize

The Lu Xun Literary Prize (or Lu Xun Literature Prize) 鲁迅文学奖 is a literary prize awarded by China Writers Association. It is one of China's top four literary prizes and is named after Lu Xun and has been awarded every three years since 1995. Its predecessor, the National Outstanding Short Story Award and National Outstanding Novella Award, was established since the beginning of the new-era literature in the early 1980s.

Some of the critics believe that the credibility of "Lu Xun Literary Prize" is getting worse, and the basic attitude of their criticisms is that the "Lu Xun Literary Prize" has nothing to do with the "Lu Xun’s Spirit", and "lacks specific standards", "is a black box operation", and "is a money-for-award transaction". The prize should be awarded to the really outstanding writers, and the process of appraisal and election should be transparent ..

The 2010 Lu Xun literature prize 5th Award Ceremony was held in Shaoxing on October 19, 2010. Che Yangao, secretary of the discipline inspection committee in Hubei's capital city of Wuhan, won the award for his collection of poems "Yearning for Warmth."

The Prize has seven award categories:
 * National Excellent Novella Award
 * National Excellent Short Story Award
 * National Excellent Reportage Award
 * National Outstanding Poetry Award
 * National Excellent Prose Essay Prize
 * National Outstanding Literary Review Awards
 * National Outstanding Literary Translation Award (formerly the Rainbow Translation Award)

==1st Awards (1995-1996) == The following translated titles are approximate.

National Excellent Short Story Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Novella Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Reportage Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Poetry Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Essay Award, 1995—1996 National Outstanding Prose Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Misc. Writing Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 1995—1996 National Excellent Literary Translation Rainbow Award, 1995—1996
 * 史铁生: 《老屋小记》 Shi Tiesheng: Memory of the old house
 * 迟子建: 《雾月牛栏》 Chi Zijian: Cowpen in the foggy moon
 * 阿 成: 《赵一曼女士》 Ah Cheng: Ms Zhao Yiman
 * 陈世旭: 《镇长之死》 Chen Shixu: Death of the mayor
 * 毕飞宇: 《哺乳期的女人》 Bi Feiyu: Lactating women
 * 池 莉: 《心比身先老》 Chi Li: The heart ages before the body
 * 邓一光: 《父亲是个兵》 Deng Yiguang: Father is a soldier
 * 林 希: 《小的儿》 Lin Xi (writer): Small boy
 * 刘醒龙: 《挑担茶叶上北京》 Liu Xinglong: Heading for Beijing, with a basket of tea leaves
 * 何 申: 《年前年后》 He Shen (writer): Years before, years after
 * 李国文: 《涅槃》 Li Guowen: Nirvana
 * 刘 恒: 《天知地知》 Liu Heng: Heaven knows, Earth knows
 * 东 西: 《没有语言的生活》 Dong Xi (writer): Life without Language
 * 阎连科: 《黄金洞》 Yan Lianke: Gold Cave
 * 李贯通: 《天缺一角》 Li Guantong: Missing a corner of sky
 * 徐小斌: 《双鱼星座》 Xu Xiaobin: Pisces
 * 邢军纪、 曹 岩: 《锦州之恋》 Xing Junji and Cao Yan: Jinzhou Love
 * 杨黎光: 《灵魂何归》（亦名：《没有家园的灵魂》）Yang Liguang: Restless Soul
 * 冷 梦: 《黄河大移民》 Leng Meng: Yellow River Immigrants
 * 一 合: 《黑脸》 Yi He (writer): Black Face
 * 金 辉: 《恸问苍冥》 Jin Hui:
 * 江宛柳: 《没有掌声的征途》 Jiang Wanliu: Journey without Applause
 * 郭晓晔: 《东方大审判》 Guo Xiaoye: Eastern Trial
 * 张建伟: 《温故戊戌年》 Zhang Jianwei:
 * 陈桂棣: 《淮河的警告》 Chen Guidi: Huai River warning
 * 徐 剑：《大国长剑》 Xu Jian (writer): Long Sword of a Great Kingdom
 * 王家达: 《敦煌之恋》 Wang Jiada: Dunhuang Love
 * 何建明: 《共和国告急》 He Jianming: Republic Emergency
 * 李鸣生: 《走出地球村》 Li Mingsheng: Walking out of the global village
 * 程童一 等: 《开埠》 Cheng Tongyi and others: Open Port
 * 董葆存: 《毛泽东和蒙哥马利》 Dong Baocun: Mao Zedong and Montgomery
 * 李 瑛: 《生命是一片叶子》 Li Ying (writer): Life is a Leaf
 * 匡 满: 《今天没有空难》 Kuang Man: Today there is no air crash
 * 韩作荣: 《韩作荣自选集》 Han Zuorong: Han Zuorong's selection of poetry
 * 沈 苇: 《在瞬间逗留》 Shen Wei: Lingering in the moment
 * 张新泉: 《鸟落民间》 Zhang Xinquan: Bird landing among the people
 * 王久辛: 《狂雪》 Wang Jiuxin: Crazy Snow
 * 辛 茹: 《寻觅光荣》 Xin Ru: Seeking Glory
 * 李松涛: 《拒绝末日》 Li Songtao: Resisting Doomsday
 * 冰 心: 《我的家在哪里》 Bing Xin: Where is my home?
 * 季羡林: 《赋得永久的悔》 Ji Xianlin: Permanent regret
 * 严 秀: 《牵牛花蔓》 Yan Xiu:
 * 雷 加: 《半月随笔二集》 Lei Jia (writer): Half-moon jottings, 2 collections
 * 郭 风: 《郭风散文选集》 Guo Feng: Selected Essays of Guo Feng
 * 艾 煊: 《烟水江南绿》 Ai Xuan (writer): Smoke and water, Jiangnan green
 * 何 为: 《何为散文选集》 He Wei: Collected Essays of He Wei
 * 王充闾: 《春宽梦窄》 Wang Chonglu: Spring is wide, dream is narrow
 * 周 涛: 《中华散文珍藏本•周涛卷》 Zhou Tao (writer): Chinese prose collection: Zhou Tao vol.
 * 铁 凝: 《女人的白夜》 Tie Ning: Woman's white night
 * 李 辉: 《秋白茫茫》 Li Hui (writer): Autumn white so vast
 * 周同宾: 《皇天后土》 Zhou Tongbin:
 * 赵 玫: 《从这里到永恒》 Zhao Mei: From here to eternity
 * 刘成章: 《羊想云彩》 Liu Chengzhang: Sheep Imagining Clouds
 * 夏坚勇: 《湮没的辉煌》 Xia Xianyong: Brilliance annihilated
 * 斯 妤: 《两种生活》 Si Yu: Two Kinds of Life
 * 林祖基: 《微言集》 Lin Zuji: Micro-writing
 * 何满子: 《何满子杂文自选集》 He Manzi: Selected Works of He Manzi
 * 邵燕祥: 《邵燕祥随笔》 Shao Yanxiang: Essays
 * 韩 羽: 《韩羽杂文自选集》 Han Yu (writer): Miscellaneous Writings
 * 唐达成: 《世象杂拾》 Tang Dacheng:
 * 樊 骏: 《认识老舍》 Fan Jun: Knowing Lao She
 * 敏 泽: 《社会主义市场经济与文学价值论》 Min Ze: On Socialist Market Economy and Literary Value
 * 陈伯海: 《自传统至现代——近四百年中国文学思潮变迁论》 Chen Bohai: From Tradition to Today – on the evolution of trends in Chinese literary thought over the last 400 years
 * 曾镇南: 《论鲁迅与林语堂的幽默观》 Zeng Zhennan: On Lu Xun's and Lin Yutang's views on humour
 * 邵伯周: 《茅盾几部重要作品的评价问题》 Shao Bozhou: Problems in evaluating some of Mao Dun's important works
 * （jury recommendations）陈占元, 金克木, 黄 源, 刘辽逸, 吕叔湘, 施蛰存, 孙绳武, 伍孟昌, 朱维之, 陈冰夷, 齐 香, 方 平, 金 隄,蒋 路, 磊 然, 李 芒, 钱春绮, 孙家晋, 唐 笙, 辛未艾, 袁可嘉, 叶水夫, 郑永慧, 草 婴, 任溶溶
 * 杨德豫 译: 《华兹华斯抒情诗选》Yang Deyu (tr) Anthology of Wordsworth's Lyrics
 * 燕汉生 译: 《艾青诗百首》 Yan Hansheng (tr): Ai Qing 100 Poems
 * 绿 原 译: 《浮士德》 Lu Yuan (tr): Faust
 * 范维信 译: 《修道院纪事》 Fan Weixin (tr): Abbey Chronicle
 * 顾蕴璞 译: 《莱蒙托夫全集２•抒情诗II》 Gu Yunpu (tr): Complete works of Lemontov 2: Lyrics II

2nd Awards (2000)
The following translated titles are approximate.

National Excellent Short Story Award, 1997－2000

 * Liu Qingbang: Shoes
 * Shi Shuqing: Knife in Fresh Water
 * Hong Ke: Bragging
 * Xu Kun: Kitchen
 * Che Zijian: Washing off Dust in Fresh Water )

National Excellent Novella Award, 1997－2000

 * Ye Guangqin: Xie Bridge
 * Guizi: Rain-drenched River
 * Tie Ning: How Far is Forever )
 * Yi Xiangdong: Wind in the Valley
 * Yan Lianke: Year Month Day

National Excellent Reportage Award 1997－2000

 * He Jianming: Tears are Gold
 * Wang Shuzeng: Far East Korean War
 * Mei Jie: Westside Discussion
 * Li Mingsheng: China 863
 * Wang Liguang: Line between Life and Death

National Outstanding Poetry Award 1997－2000

 * Yang Xiaomin: Shy
 * Qu Youyuan: Selection of Vernacular Poems
 * Zhu Zengquan: The Earth is a Teary Eye
 * Xi Chuan: Poems of Sichuan
 * Cao Yuxuan: Pure Sunshine

National Excellent Prose Essay Prize 1997－2000

 * Li Guowen: Daya Village Words
 * Yu Qiuyu: Notes on Living in the Mountains
 * Zhu Tiezhi: Spirit Returned
 * Yu Guangyao: Last Night's West Wind Battered the Green Tree
 * Zhang Kangkang: Essays

National Outstanding Literary Review Award 1997－2000

 * Chen Yong: Re-evaluation of the May 4th Culture Revolution
 * Cheng Wenchao: 1903: overnight surge
 * He Xiangyang: 12 children of 1998
 * Han Ziyong: Literary writing of the Remote Western Provinces
 * Qian Zhongwen: Contemporary Questions in Literary Theory

National Outstanding Literary Translation Award 1995－1998

 * Tu An – Anthology of Keats Poetry'
 * Dong Yansheng – Don Quixote
 * Wang Huansheng – ''The Odyssey'
 * Dong Chun – Yangge
 * Tao Jie – Temple

3rd Awards (2001-2003)
The following translated titles are approximate.

National Excellent Novella Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Short Story Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Reportage Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Poetry Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2001-2003 National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2001-2003
 * 毕飞宇: 《玉米》 Bi Feiyu: Corn
 * 陈应松: 《松鸦为什么鸣叫》 Chen Yingsong: Why the jay crows
 * 夏天敏: 《好大一对羊》 Xia Tianmin: An enormous pair of sheep
 * 孙惠芬: 《歇马山庄的两个女人》 Sun Huifen: The Two Women of Xiema Village
 * 王祥夫: 《上边》 Wang Xiangfu: Above
 * 温亚军: 《驮水的日子》 Wen Yajun: Carrying Water Days
 * 魏 微: 《大老郑的女人》 Wei Wei: Big Lao Zheng's Woman
 * 王安忆: 《发廊情话》 Wang Anyi: Confidences in a Hair Salon
 * 王光明 and 姜良纲: 《中国有座鲁西监狱》 Wang Guangming and Jiang Lianggang: In China there's Luxi Prison
 * 李春雷: 《宝山》 Li Chunlei: Baoshan
 * 杨黎光: 《瘟疫，人类的影子"非典"溯源》 Yang Liguang: Plague, shadow of mankind, tracing back SARS
 * 加央西热（藏）: 《西藏最后的驮队》 Jia-yang-xi-ri (Tibetan): The last pack team in Tibet
 * 赵瑜、胡世全: 《革命百里洲》 Zhao Yu and Hu Shiquan: Revolution Bailizhou
 * 老乡: 《野诗全集》 Lao xiang: Wild Poems, Complete Works
 * 郁葱: 《郁葱抒情诗》 Yu Cong: Yu Cong poems
 * 马新朝: 《幻河》 Ma Xinchao: Magic River
 * 成幼殊: 《幸存的一粟》 Cheng Youshu:
 * 娜夜（满、女）: 《娜夜诗选》 Na Ye: Selection of Na Ye's poetry
 * 贾平凹: 《贾平凹长篇散文精选》 Jia Pingwa: The best of Jia Pingwa's long essays
 * 李存葆: 《大河遗梦》 Li Xubao: Dreams on a big river
 * 史铁生: 《病隙碎笔》 Shi Tiesheng: Break in Illness
 * 素素: 《独语东北》 Su Su: Alone, talking of the northeast
 * 鄢烈山: 《一个人的经典》 Yan Lingshan: One person's classic
 * 吴义勤: 《难度•长度•速度•限度——关于长篇小说文体问题的思考》 Wu Yiqin: Difficulty, Length, Speed, Limitations - reflections on the issue of style in novels
 * 王向峰: 《〈手稿〉的美学解读》 Wang Xiangfeng: Aesthetic interpretation of "manuscript"
 * 陈超: 《打开诗的漂流瓶——现代诗研究论集》 Chen Chao: Letting the poem out of the bottle: research on modern poetry
 * 朱向前: 《朱向前文学理论批评选》 Zhu Xiangqian: Selection of Literary Criticism by Zhu Xiangqian
 * 田德望 译: 《神曲》（但丁•著•意大利文） Tian Dewang (tr): Divine Comedy, by Dante
 * 黄燎宇 译: 《雷曼先生》（斯文•雷根纳•著•德文）Huang Liaoyu (tr): Herr Lehman, by Sven Regena

==4th Awards (2004-2006) == The following translated titles are approximate.

National Excellent Novella Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Short Story Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Reportage Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Poetry Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2004-2006 National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2004-2006
 * 蒋韵: 《心爱的树》 Jiang Yun: Beloved Tree
 * 田耳: 《一个人张灯结彩》 Tian Er: Title
 * 葛水平: 《喊山》 Ge Shuiping: Title
 * 迟子建: 《世界上所有的夜晚》 Chi Zijian: All the nights in the world
 * 晓航: 《师兄的透镜》 Xiao Hang: Brothers In the Mirror
 * 范小青: 《城乡简史》 Fan Xiaoqing: Short history of town and country
 * 郭文斌: 《吉祥如意》 Guo Wenbin: General's Army
 * 邵丽: 《明惠的圣诞》 Shao Li: Minghui's Christmas
 * 朱晓军: 《天使在作战》 Zhu Xiaojun: Angel in combat
 * 何建明: 《部长与国家》 He Jianming: Minister and State
 * 党益民: 《用胸膛行走西藏》 Dang Yimin: Walking in Tibet
 * 王宏甲: 《中国新教育风暴》 Wang Hongjia: China's new educational storm
 * 王树增: 《长征》 Wang Shuzeng: Long March
 * 田禾: 《喊故乡》 Tian He: Calling home
 * 荣荣: 《看见》 Rong Rong: See
 * 黄亚洲: 《行吟长征路》 Huang Yazhou: Long March
 * 林雪: 《大地葵花》 Lin Xue: World of Sunflowers
 * 于坚: 《只有大海苍茫如幕》 Yu Jian: Only the sea as vast as the screen
 * 韩少功: 《山南水北》 Han Shaogong: South of the mountains, north of the river
 * 南帆: 《辛亥年的枪声》 Nan Fan: Gunfire in the Xinhai Year
 * 刘家科: 《乡村记忆》 Liu Jiake: Village Memory
 * 裘山山: 《遥远的天堂》 Qiu Shanshan: Remote Paradise
 * 李敬泽: 《见证一千零一夜——21世纪初的文学生活》 Li Jingze: Witness the Thousand and One Nights – Literary life in the 21st century
 * 陈晓明: 《无边的挑战——中国先锋文学的后现代性》 Chen Xiaoming: Boundless challenge: Postmodernity of Chinese Avant-garde literature
 * 欧阳友权: 《数字化语境中的文艺学》 Ouyang Youquan: Literature and Art in the digital context
 * 雷达: 《当前文学创作症候分析》 Lei Da: Analysis of Symptoms of the current literature creation
 * 洪治纲: 《困顿中的挣扎——贾平凹论》 Hong Zhigang: Struggling in the difficulties – on Jia Pingwa
 * 许金龙译: 《别了，我的书》（大江健三郎•著•日文） Xu Jinlong (tr): [title], by Kenzaburo Oe
 * 王东亮译: 《笑忘录》（米兰•昆德拉•著•法文） Wang Dongliang (tr): Book of Laughter and Forgetting, by Milan Kundera
 * 李之义译: 《斯特林堡文集》（五卷）（斯特林堡•著•瑞典文）Li Zhiyi (tr), The Works of August Strindberg, 5 vols

5th Awards (2007-2009)
National Excellent Novella Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Short Story Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Reportage Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Poetry Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2007-2009 National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2007-2009
 * 乔叶：《最慢的是活着》 Qiao Ye: The Slowest Thing is to be Alive
 * 王十月：《国家订单》 Wang Shiyue: Indent of Nation
 * 吴克敬：《手铐上的蓝花花》 Wu Kejing: Blue Flowers on Handcuffs
 * 李骏虎：《前面就是麦季》 Li Junhu: The Front is Wheat Season
 * 方方：《琴断口》 Fang Fang: Qin Duankou
 * 鲁敏：《伴宴》 Lu Min: Feast of Companion
 * 盛琼：《老弟的盛宴》 Sheng Qiong: Feast of Younger Brother
 * 次仁罗布：《放生羊》 CiRen Luobu: Set Loose of the Sheep
 * 苏童：《茨菰》 Su Tong: Arrowhead
 * 陆颖墨：《海军往事》 Lu Yingmo: Old Memories in Navy
 * 李鸣生：《震中在人心》 Li Mingsheng: The Minds in Earthquake
 * 张雅文：《生命的呐喊》 Zhang Yawen: Shout for Life
 * 关仁山：《感天动地——从唐山到汶川》 Guan Renshan: Moving the World—From Tang Shan to Wen Chuan
 * 彭荆风：《解放大西南》 Peng Jingfeng: Free the Grand South-West
 * 李洁非：《胡风案中人与事》 Li Jiefei: Humanity and Affairs in Case of Hu Feng
 * 刘立云：《烤蓝》 Liu Liyun: Bluing
 * 车延高：《向往温暖》 Che Yangao: Yearn for Warmth
 * 李琦：《李琦近作选》 Li Qi: Collection of Current Works of Li Qi
 * 傅天琳：《柠檬叶子》 Fu Tianlin: Leaves of Lemon
 * 雷平阳：《云南记》 Lei Pingyang: Story of Yun Nan
 * 王宗仁：《藏地兵书》 Wang Zongren: War Book of Tibet Region
 * 熊育群：《路上的祖先》 Xiong Yuqun: Ancestors on the Road
 * 郑彦英：《风行水上》 Zheng Yanying: Wind Blows on the Water
 * 王干：《王干随笔选》 Wang Gan: Collection of Jottings by Wang Gan
 * 陆春祥：《病了的字母》 Lu Chunxiang: Sick Letter
 * 南帆：《五种形象》 Nan Fan: Five Categories of Image
 * 张炯：《马克思主义文艺理论及其面临的挑战》 Zhang Jiong: Marxist Theory of Literature and Art and the Challenges It Faces
 * 赵园：《想象与叙述》 Zhao Yuan: Imagination and Narration
 * 高楠 王纯菲：《中国文学跨世纪发展研究》 Gao Nan & Wang Chunfei: Study on Trans-century Development of Chinese Literature
 * 谭旭东：《童年再现与儿童文学重构：电子媒介时代的童年与儿童文学》 Tan Xudong: Reproduction of Childhood and Reconstruction of Children's Literature: Childhood and Children's Literature in the Age of Electronic Media

Lack of Data

6th Awards (2010-2013)
The following translated titles are approximate.

National Excellent Novella Award, 2010-2013 National Excellent Short Story Award, 2010-2013 National Excellent Reportage Award, 2010-2013 National Excellent Poetry Award, 2010-2013 National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2010-2013 National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2010-2013
 * 格非:	《隐身衣》 Ge Fei: Invisibility Cloak
 * 滕肖澜: 《美丽的日子》 Teng Xiaolan: Beautiful Day
 * 吕新:	《白杨木的春天》Lv Xin: Poplar Spring
 * 胡学文: 《从正午开始的黄昏》 Hu Xuewen: Dusk from Noon
 * 王跃文: 《漫水》 Wang Yuewen: Spreading Water
 * 马晓丽: 《俄罗斯陆军腰带》 Ma Xiaoli: My Russian Army Belt
 * 叶舟: 《我的帐篷里有平安》 Ye Zhou: Peace in My Tent
 * 叶弥: 《香炉山》 Ye Mi: Incense Burner Mountain
 * 张楚: 《良宵》 Zhang Chu (author): Good Night
 * 徐则臣: 《如果大雪封门》 Xu Zechen: If Snow Blocks the Door
 * 黄传会: 《中国新生代农民工》 Huang Chuanhui: China's New Generation of Migrant Workers
 * 任林举: 《粮道》Ren Linju: Food Road
 * 肖亦农: 《毛乌素绿色传奇》 Xiao Yinong: Tales of the Desert
 * 铁流、徐锦庚: 《中国民办教育调查》 Tie Liu and Xu Jingeng: Survey of Private Education in China
 * 徐怀中: 《底色》 Xu Huaizhong: Background
 * 阎安: 《整理石头》 Yan An (author): Ordering Stones
 * 大解: 《个人史》 Da Jie: Personal History
 * 海男: 《忧伤的黑麋鹿》	Hai Nan: Sad Black Elk
 * 周啸天: 《将进茶——周啸天诗词选》 Zhou Xiaotian: Bring in the Tea - Poetry Selection
 * 李元胜: 《无限事》 Li Yuansheng: Infinite Things
 * 刘亮程: 《在新疆》 Liu Liangcheng: In Xinjiang
 * 贺捷生: 《父亲的雪山 母亲的草地》 He Jiesheng: Father's Snow Mountains, Mother's Grasslands
 * 穆涛: 《先前的风气》 Mu Tao: Earlier Culture
 * 周晓枫: 《巨鲸歌唱》 Zhou Xiaofeng: The Huge Whale Song
 * 侯健飞: 《回鹿山》 Hou Jianfei: Return to Deer Mountain
 * 孟繁华: 《文学革命终结之后——新世纪文学论稿》 Meng Fanghua: After the End of Literary Revolution - New Century Literary Theory
 * 鲁枢元: 《陶渊明的幽灵》 Lu Shuyuan: The Spirit of Tao Yuanming
 * 程德培: 《谁也管不住说话这张嘴》	Cheng Depei: No one Can Stop This Mouth From Talking
 * 张新颖: 《中国当代文学中沈从文传统的回响 ——〈活着〉、〈秦腔〉、〈天香〉和这个传统 的不同部分的对话》 Zhang Xinying: The reverberations of Shen Congwen's tradition in Chinese contemporary literature
 * 贺绍俊	《建设性姿态下的精神重建》 He Shaojun: Spiritual Reconstruction under a Constructive Attitude

National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2010-2013

 * 赵振江: 《人民的风》 Zhao Zhenjiang: Wind of the People
 * 刘方: 《布罗岱克的报告》 Liu Fang (author): Brodyck's Report
 * 王家湘: 《有色人民——回忆录》 Wang Jiaxiang: Interesting People - Memoirs
 * 韩瑞祥: 《上海，远在何方？》 Han Ruixiang: Shanghai, how far?

7th Awards (2014-2017)
National Excellent Novella Award, 2014-2017

 * 石一枫:《世间已无陈金芳》 Shi Yifeng: No Chen Jinfang in the World阿来:《蘑菇圈》 Alai
 * 尹学芸:《李海叔叔》Yin Xueyun: Uncle Li Hai小白:《封锁》 Xiao Bai
 * 阿来:《蘑菇圈》 Alai: Fairy Ring
 * 肖江虹:《傩面》 Xiao Jianghong: The Mask of Nuo
 * 小白:《封锁》 Xiao Bai: Lockdown

National Excellent Short Story Award, 2014-2017

 * 黄咏梅:《父亲的后视镜》 Huang Yongmei: Father’s Rearview Mirror
 * 马金莲:《1987年的浆水和酸菜》 Ma Jinlian: Mixed Starch and Chinese Sauerkraut in 1987
 * 冯骥才:《俗世奇人》Feng Jicai: Miraculous One in Earthliness
 * 弋舟: 《出警》 Yi Zhou: Police On Operation
 * 朱辉 :《七层宝塔》Zhu Hui: Seven Layered Pagoda

National Excellent Reportage Award, 2014-2017

National Excellent Poetry Award, 2014-2017 National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2014-2017
 * 李春雷:《朋友：习近平与贾大山交往纪事》Li Chunlei: Friendship: Intercourse Report between Xi Jinping and Jia Dashan
 * 丰收:《西长城》 Feng Shou: West of the Great Wall
 * 许晨:《第四极：中国"蛟龙"号挑战深海》 Xu Chen: Jiaolong Submersible’s Challenge to the Deep Sea
 * 徐刚:《大森林》 Xu Gang: Grand Forrest
 * 纪红建:《乡村国是》Ji Hongjian: National Affairs in the Countryside
 * 汤养宗:《去人间》Tang Yangzong: To the Human World
 * 杜涯:《落日与朝霞》 Du Ya: Sunset Glow and Morning Glow
 * 胡弦:《沙漏》Hu Xian: Sand Clock
 * 陈先发:《九章》 Chen Xianfa: Nine Chapters
 * 张执浩:《高原上的野花》 Zhang Zhihao: Wildflower on the Highland
 * 李修文:《山河袈裟》 Li Xiuwen: Cassock of the Mountains and Rivers
 * 宁肯:《北京：城与年》Ning Ken: Beijing: the City and the Age
 * 李娟:《遥远的向日葵地》 Li Juan: Distant Field of Sunflowers
 * 鲍尔吉·原野:《流水似的走马》Bao'erji Yuanye: Gallop Like Running Water
 * 夏立君:《时间的压力》 Xia Lijun: The Pressure of Time

National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2014-2017

 * 黄发有:《中国当代文学传媒研究》 Huang Fayou: Media Study of Chinese Contemporary Literature
 * 陈思和:《有关20世纪中国文学史研究的几个问题》 Chen Sihe: Chen Sihe: A Few Questions about Research of Chinese Literary History in 20th Century
 * 刘大先:《必须保卫历史》Liu Daxian: Essentiality to Protect the History
 * 王尧:《重读汪曾祺兼论当代文学相关问题》Wang Yao: Reread Wang Zengqi and Discuss Related Problems of Contemporary Literature
 * 白烨:《文坛新观察》 Bai Hua: New Observation of the Literary Circles

National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2014-2017

 * Lu Yanping 路燕萍 - translation of Eduardo Galeano's Memoria del Fuego - Genesis《火的记忆I：创世纪》
 * Yu Zhongxian 余中先 - translation of Christophe Ono-Dit-Biot's Plonger《潜》
 * Li Yongyi 李永毅 - translation of Horace's Odes《贺拉斯诗全集》
 * Wang Jun - translation of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso 《疯狂的罗兰》

8th Awards (2018-2021)
National Excellent Novella Award, 2018-2021

 * 王松 :《红骆驼》 Wang Song: Red Camel
 * 王凯：《荒野步枪手》Wang Kai: Rifleman at Wilderness
 * 艾伟：《过往》Ai Wei: The Past
 * 索南才让：《荒原上》Suo-nan-cai-rang: On the Wasteland
 * 葛亮：《飞发》Ge Liang: Fly Hair

National Excellent Short Story Award, 2018-2021

 * 刘建东 :《无法完成的画像》 Liu Jiandong: Portrait that Couldn’t be Completed
 * 张者：《山前该有一棵树》 Zhang Zhe: There Should be a Tree in front of the Mountain
 * 钟求是：《地上的天空》 Zhong Qiushi: Sky on the Ground
 * 董夏青青：《在阿吾斯奇》 Dong Xia Qingqing: At the Place with Fill of Little Yellow Flowers
 * 蔡东：《月光下》 Cai Dong: Under the Moonlight

National Excellent Reportage Award, 2018-2021

 * 丁晓平：《红船启航》 Ding Xiaoping: Set Sailing of the Red Ship
 * 欧阳黔森：《江山如此多娇》 Ouyang Qiansen: Our Land is Rich in Beauty
 * 钟法权：《张富清传》 Zhong Faquan: Biography of Zhang Fuqing
 * 龚盛辉：《中国北斗》 Gong Shenghui: Big Dipper in China
 * 蒋巍：《国家温度》 Jiang Wei: The Temperature of A Nation

National Excellent Poetry Award, 2018-2021

 * 刘笑伟：《岁月青铜》 Liu Xiaowei: Bronze of Times
 * 陈人杰：《山海间》 Chen Renjie: In-between the Mountain and Sea
 * 韩东：《奇迹》 Han Dong: Miracle
 * 路也：《天空下》 Lu Ye: Under the Sky
 * 臧棣：《诗歌植物学》 Zang Di: Phytology of Poetry

National Excellent Essay Prose Award, 2018-2021

 * 江子：《回乡记》 Jiang Zi: The Story of Returning Hometown
 * 李舫：《大春秋》 Li Fang: The Grand Spring and Autumn
 * 沈念：《大湖消息》 Shen Nian: Message of the Grand Lake
 * 陈仓：《月光不是光》 Chen Cang: The Moonlight is Not A Light
 * 庞余亮：《小先生》 Pang Yuliang: The Little Mister

National Excellent Theoretical Review Award, 2018-2021

 * 杨庆祥：《新时代文学写作景观》 Yang Qingxiang: Scenery of Literary Writing in New Era
 * 何平：《批评的返场》 He Ping: The Return of Criticism
 * 张莉：《小说风景》 Zhang Li: The View of Novel
 * 张学昕：《中国当代小说八论》 Zhang Xuexin: Eight Theories of Contemporary Chinese Novels
 * 郜元宝：《编年史和全景图——细读<平凡的世界>》 Gao Yuanbao: Chronicle and Panorama – Perusal of “The Ordinary World”

National Excellent Literary Translation Award, 2018-2021

 * Xu Xiaofan 许小凡 – translation of Lyndall Gordon’s The Imperfect Life of T. S. Eliot 《T.S.艾略特传：不完美的一生》
 * Yang Tiejun 杨铁军 – translation of Derek Walcott’s Omeros 《奥麦罗斯》
 * Chen Fang 陈方 – translation of Guzel Yakhina’s Wolgakinder 《我的孩子们》
 * Zhu Zuci 竺祖慈 – translation of Fujisawa Shūhei’s shōsetsuno shūhen 《小说周边》
 * Xue Qingguo 薛庆国 – translation of Adunis’s Index of the Acts of the Wind《风的作品之目录》

title: Lu Xun Literary Prize


text:
Marsh Green, Kent

Marsh Green is a small hamlet in Eden Vale, part of the parish of Edenbridge, England. The hamlet was founded in 1554 under its current name.

Marsh Green claims the last bare-knuckle boxing fight in England, in 1886.

title: Marsh Green, Kent


text:
Malvern Hills (disambiguation)

Malvern Hills may refer to:

New Zealand

 * Malvern Hills, Canterbury

United Kingdom

 * Malvern Hills, a range of hills in England
 * Malvern Hills Conservators, a body set up to manage the Malvern Hills
 * Malvern Hills (district), district council in Worcestershire, England
 * Malvern Hills AONB (Malvern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty), on the border of Herefordshire and Worcestershire, England

title: Malvern Hills (disambiguation)


text:
Programming game

A programming game is a video game that incorporates elements of computer programming, enabling the player to direct otherwise autonomous units within the game to follow commands in a domain-specific programming language, often represented as a visual language to simplify the programming metaphor. Programming games broadly fall into two areas: single-player games where the programming elements either make up part of or the whole of a puzzle game, and multiplayer games where the player's automated program is pitted against other players' programs.

As puzzle games
Early games in the genre include System 15000 and Hacker, released in 1984 and 1985 respectively.

Programming games have been used as part of puzzle games, challenging the player to achieve a specific result once the program starts operating. An example of such a game is SpaceChem, where the player must use its visual language to manipulate two waldos as to disassemble and reassemble chemical molecules. In such games, players are able to test and debug their program as often as necessary until they find a solution that works. Many of these games encourage the player to find the most efficient program, measured by the number of timesteps needed or number of commands required. Other similar games include Human Resource Machine, Infinifactory, and TIS-100. Zachtronics is a video game development company known for its programming-centric puzzle games.

Other games incorporate the elements of programming as portions of puzzles in the larger game. For example, Hack 'n' Slash include a metaphor of being able to access the internal programs and variables of objects represented in the game world, pausing the rest of the game as the player engages this programming interface, and modify the object's program as to progress further; this might be changing the state of an object from being indestructible to destructible. Other similar games with this type of programming approach include Transistor, else Heart.Break, Glitchspace, and Pony Island.

Another approach used in some graphical games with programming elements is to present the player with a command line interface to issue orders via a domain-specific language to direct objects within the game, allowing the player to reissue commands as the situation changes rather than crafting a pre-made program. Games like Quadrilateral Cowboy and Duskers have the user command several small robotic creatures in tandem through the language of code to reach a certain goal. Hackmud presents the player with a simulated mainframe interface through which they issue commands to progress forward.

As competitive games
Many programming games involve controlling entities such as robots, tanks or bacteria which seek to destroy each other. Such games can be considered environments of digital organisms, related to artificial life simulations. An early example is Core War (1984), where programs written in a standardized assembly-like language battle for space in a finite memory (virtual magnetic cores). Players are given tools to develop and test out their programs within the game's domain-specific language before submitting the program to a central server. The server then executes the program against others and reports the results to the player, from which they can make changes or improvements to the program.

There are different tournaments and leagues for the programming games where the characters can compete with each other. Usually a script is optimized for a special strategy. Similar approaches are used for more traditional games; the World Computer Chess Championship consists of matches between programs written for the abstract strategy game of chess.

The competitive programming game has also found its way to various board games such as RoboRally or Robot Turtles, typically where a program becomes a premade deck of playing cards played one by one to execute that code.

Researchers presented RoboCode as a "problem-based learning" substrate for teaching programming.

Related areas
Open world games that feature the ability for players to construct environments from an array of building blocks have often been used by more advanced players to construct logic circuits and more advanced programs from the fundamental blocks. Minecraft is one such example, as while the game provides a limited set of blocks that mimic switches and electric circuits, users have been able to create basic functional computers within the virtual world, and at least one modification is aimed to teach children how to program on the virtual computer in a simplistic language.

Several sites, such as Codecademy, help to teach real-world programming languages through gamification, where video game principles are used to motivate the user.

title: Programming game


text:
Talk:Francis William Newman

Anthony Norris Groves
Anthony Norris Groves was never ordained, even though he trained as an ordinand. It was incorrect to give him the title "the Rev. " DFH 20:48, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

"Citation needed"
Editors adding the above to the article should be aware that (as far as I can tell) this article in its current state comes from the 1911 Encyclopedia, so they should check that publications first (it's online). Hohenloh +19:30, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Francis William Newman


text:
Chiddingstone Castle

Chiddingstone Castle is situated in the village of Chiddingstone, near Edenbridge, Kent, England, 35 mi south-southeast of London and in the upper valley of the River Medway. The castle was built by the Streatfeild family and served as their seat from the early 16th century until the beginning of the 20th century when the family left the castle. The Streatfeilds sold the castle to Lord Astor in 1938. Since 1977, the castle and its 35 acre of grounds have been held in trust for the nation by the Denys Eyre Bower Bequest, and both are open to the public. Much of the current structure dates from the early 19th century, but incorporates elements of the earlier buildings on the same site.

High Street House
The first significant building to occupy the site of the castle was a timber-framed dwelling, inhabited from the early 16th century by Richard Streatfeild, an iron master and wool merchant. Little remains of this first structure as, in 1679, Henry Streatfeild (1639–1719) had the house rebuilt in red brick in the Restoration style. The building was known as High Street House or High Street Mansion since it fronted the village high street. Remodelling of the house's grounds in the 19th century resulted in the current diversion of the road through the village.

Chiddingstone Castle
In the early 19th century, Henry Streatfeild (1757–1829), the son of Henry Streatfeild (1706–1762) and Lady Anne Sidney, commissioned William Atkinson to rebuild the house in the Gothic style however Atkinson's design was not completed and, in 1835, Streatfeild's son, also Henry Streatfeild (1784–1852), engaged the architect Henry Kendal to carry out further work. Although the Streatfields owned the house, now renamed Chiddingstone Castle, until it was sold to Lord Astor in 1938, the family did not live there after 1900. During the Second World War, the castle hosted members of the Canadian Forces before becoming Long Dene School until 1954.

Denys Eyre Bower
In 1955, the castle was purchased by Denys Eyre Bower (1905–1977), a former bank clerk and antiques dealer, in order to display his collections. Bower was born in Crich, Derbyshire and started collecting at a young age. Bower initially worked as a bank clerk before taking over Cavendish Hood antiques dealers in Baker Street, London in 1943. The redevelopment of Baker Street led to Bower moving to Chiddingstone Castle where he intended to show his collections to the public. However, in 1957 Bower was convicted of attempted murder of his mistress, whom he shot, and attempted suicide and sentenced to life imprisonment. Released in 1962 after successful efforts by solicitor Ruth Eldridge to prove a miscarriage of justice, Bower returned to Chiddingstone Castle which, with the help of Eldridge and her sister Mary, he continued to open to visitors until his death in 1977.

Today
Bower left the castle and his collection to the nation and so upon his death the Denys Eyre Bower Bequest was formed. This trust continues to care for the castle and its collection, opening it to the public and providing a venue for weddings, and the current trustees include descendants of the Streatfeild family. The castle is a Grade II* listed building and the grounds, which contain further listed buildings including an orangery, are themselves included on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The Castle is an accredited museum, contains a tea-room serving refreshments and hosts a variety of events and activities throughout the year.

Fishing
The Castle lake measures around 3.5 hectares. It divides the village of Chiddingstone from the grounds of Chiddingstone Castle. It is naturally stocked with wild Carp, Bream and Perch. It held the record for the largest Bream for 37 years, from 1945.

Japanese
Bower's decision to collect objects from Japan was inspired by his father's own interest in Chinese porcelain. The collection of lacquer is considered to be one of the most important in a private collection, whilst displays at the castle also feature swords, armour and haniwa figures.

Ancient Egyptian
The Ancient Egyptian collection spans the whole history of the civilisation and includes both grave goods, such as ushabti figures and amulets, and items from everyday life, including food and drink vessels. In 2013, items from the collection were lent to the Houston Museum of Natural Science for display in their Hall of Ancient Egypt.

Stuart and Jacobite
In British history, Bower was most interested in the House of Stuart and Jacobitism and was a member of the Royal Stuart Society. His collecting in this area included portraits of members of the House of Stuart, swords, objects with hidden Jacobite symbols and royal manuscripts. There is an extensive collection of antique books on the subject in the library, on display at the Castle.

Buddhist
As with other areas of his collecting, Bower's interest in objects relating to Buddhism was driven by personal reasons; Bower was a Buddhist. Despite this, the collection does not focus on any one particular school of Buddhist thought or on any particular country. Amongst items currently displayed at the castle are thangkas and images of Buddha.

Local history
In addition to Bower's collections, the castle's 19th-century kitchen still retains many of its original features, such as three cake ovens, and is used to display a collection of kitchen utensils and an ice chest, reflecting the fact that the castle once had an ice house. There is also a servants' hall and a servants' bedroom. The Castle also holds some archives of local history.

title: Chiddingstone Castle


text:
Talk:Huang Jei

from VfD:

I'm not the one who posted it, but this reads like vanity. Checked out the Chinese google but has no idea this fellow is (or neither his parents either). Mandel 15:02, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: No notability offered at all. Geogre 17:13, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: checking the 'What links here', it appears this is another name for Wei_Wei, who appears notable. Redirect? Ianb 20:55, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If the latter is ok, then yes, redirect. Geogre 22:20, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Huang Jei


text:
Bells Are Ringing (film)

Bells Are Ringing is a 1960 American romantic comedy-musical film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Judy Holliday and Dean Martin. Based on the successful 1956 Broadway production of the same name by Betty Comden, Adolph Green and Jule Styne, the film focuses on Ella Peterson, based on the life of Mary Printz, who works in the basement office of a telephone answering service.

Plot
Ella Peterson works as a switchboard operator at the Susanswerphone answering service. She can't help breaking the rules by becoming overly involved in the lives of the subscribers. Some of the more peculiar ones include a dentist who exuberantly composes song lyrics on an air hose, an actor who emulates Marlon Brando and a little boy for whom she pretends to be Santa Claus.

Ella has a secret crush on the voice of subscriber Jeffrey Moss, a playwright for whom she plays a comforting motherly character. She finally meets him in person when she brings him a message under a false name, and romantic sparks and some confusion begin.

A humorous subplot involves the courtly Otto, who convinces Susanswerphone to take orders for his "mail-order classical record business" known as Titanic Records. However, Otto is actually a bookie whose orders are a coded system for betting on horses. Unwittingly, Ella changes orders for the supposedly incorrect Beethoven's Tenth Symphony, Opus 6, not realizing she is changing bets.

Although the police begin to assume that Susanswerphone might be a front for an escort service, the plot ends happily, with Jeff proposing and Ella's wacky subscribers coming to thank her.

Cast
Character names are not indicated in on-screen cast credits.

 * Judy Holliday as Ella Peterson
 * Dean Martin as Jeffrey Moss
 * Fred Clark as Larry Hastings
 * Eddie Foy, Jr. as J. Otto Prantz
 * Jean Stapleton as Sue
 * Ruth Storey as Gwynne
 * Dort Clark as Inspector Barnes
 * Frank Gorshin as Blake Barton
 * Ralph Roberts as Francis
 * Valerie Allen as Olga
 * Bernie West as Dr. Joe Kitchell
 * Steven Peck as Gangster
 * Gerry Mulligan as Ella's blind date
 * Jean Moorhead as Party Guest (uncredited)

Songs
Music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green
 * "It's a Perfect Relationship"
 * "Do it Yourself"
 * "It's a Simple Little System"
 * "Better Than a Dream"
 * "I Met a Girl"
 * "Just in Time”
 * "Drop That Name"
 * "The Party’s Over”
 * "I'm Going Back"

Production
Judy Holliday and Jean Stapleton reprised their stage roles for the film. Jazz musician Gerry Mulligan, Holliday's real-life ex-lover, plays her disastrous blind date in a cameo role. Bells Are Ringing was Holliday's final film.

Hal Linden appears, uncredited, in his first film appearance, singing 'The Midas Touch' in the nightclub act, wearing a gold lame suit. A friend of Holliday, he portrayed Jeff Moss with her in the Broadway play in 1958-1959.

Bells Are Ringing was also the final musical produced by the MGM "Freed Unit" headed by producer Arthur Freed, which had been responsible for many of the studio's greatest successes, including Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), An American in Paris (1951), Singin' in the Rain (1952) and Gigi (1958). The film marked the 13th and final collaboration between Freed and director Vincente Minnelli.

Several songs from the Broadway production were dropped or replaced, including "Salzburg", "Hello, Hello There", "On My Own" (replaced by "Do It Yourself"), "Long Before I Knew You" (replaced by "Better Than a Dream"), "Mu Cha Cha" (filmed but shortened) and "Is it a Crime?" (filmed, but cut before release). A new song for Dean Martin, "My Guiding Star", was also filmed but cut. The latter two songs have been released as extras on the Warner Home Video DVD. The soundtrack album was released by Capitol Records.

The row house used for exteriors stood at 215 East 68th Street, Manhattan, and had once been the residence of author Stephen Vincent Benet. It was a holdout from a row and was torn down in the early 1960s.

Reception
In a contemporary review, critic Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was critical of the script but praised Holliday's performance: "[T]he jangled romance they have prepared for her to play is a poor thing, made up of one slight gimmick and a lot of surrounding gags. What Miss Holliday does with the latter is the measure of the quality of the show. ... You can take our word for it: 'Bells Are Ringing' owes more to Miss Holliday than to its authors, its director (Vincent Minnelli), or even to Alexander Graham Bell."

Awards and nominations
Comden and Green won the Writers Guild of America award for Best American Musical. Together with Styne, they shared a Grammy Award nomination for Best Soundtrack Album or Recording of Original Cast from a Motion Picture or TV. Minnelli earned a Best Director nomination from the Directors Guild of America. André Previn was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture. At the 18th Annual Golden Globe Awards, the film was nominated for Best Film - Musical, and Holliday was nominated for Best Actress - Musical.

Box-office
According to MGM records, the film earned $2,825,000 in the U.S. and Canada but only $800,000 elsewhere, losing a total of $1,720,000.

title: Bells Are Ringing (film)


text:
Chiddingstone

Chiddingstone is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The parish is located on the River Eden between Tonbridge and Edenbridge. The villages of Chiddingstone Causeway and Bough Beech and the hamlet Chiddingstone Hoath are also included in the parish.

Chiddingstone is unique in that, apart from the church and Chiddingstone Castle, the entire village is owned by the National Trust, which describes it as "the best example of a Tudor village left in the country". It is an example of a Tudor one-street village.

History
Chiddingstone is mentioned in the Domesday Book. It was given to Bishop Odo in 1072 after the Norman invasion as part of his Earldom of Kent.

The first house was owned by Roger Attwood, constructed in the typical Kent style. Several villagers including Atwood took part in Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450, and were later pardoned.

The Castle Inn is a 15th-century building, which became a hostelry in 1730. It was visited by artists John Millais and Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Arthur Rackham also visited Chiddingstone.

The Streatfeild family were major landowners in the area, starting in 1584. In the early 1800s Henry Streatfeild changed the village significantly, diverting the road and demolishing some buildings.

The National Trust bought the village in 1939.

Parish church
St. Mary the Virgin, Chiddingstone is a large parish church which enhances the look of the village, and is perhaps the fourth built on that site. In the churchyard is a stone gazebo dating from 1736 built by Henry Streatfeild; leading down into the Streatfeild family vault beneath which has a through flow of air provided by vents in two false altar tombs, one adjacent to the gazebo and the other some 30 feet north.

The church was almost destroyed by a lightning fire in 1624. In recent years it has had new heating, lighting and sound systems installed. In addition to this, a chapel, at the base of the tower, has been constructed in 1979 with adjoining lavatory added in 2007.

Origin of name
A popular theory is that the village takes its name from a large sandstone rock formation, situated on its outskirts, named the Chiding Stone. Chidingstone was a previous spelling used for the village. The National Trust consider it more likely the name is derived from the homestead of Cidda's family, "Chidding tun". It was recorded as "Cidingstane" in the 12th century. The stone may have been used as a place to remonstrate overbearing local wives, a Druidical ritual site, or an Anglo-Saxon boundary marker.

The village today
The nearest available train station, Penshurst railway station, is located in the village of Chiddingstone Causeway. It is on the line between Tonbridge and Redhill.

There is a primary school, Chiddingstone Church of England School.

There are several nature reserves in the area including:
 * Sevenoaks Reserve and Jeffery Harrison Visitor Centre (Operated by Kent Wildlife Trust)
 * Bough Beech Visitors Centre and Reserve (Operated by Kent Wildlife Trust)
 * Chiddingstone Reserve (Operated by Kent Wildlife Trust)

There is a village shop and accompanying cafe called The Tulip Tree, popular with cyclists at the weekend.

Film location
The village was used as a setting in the 1985 Merchant Ivory film A Room with a View, in the scene where Lucy and Cecil take a walk after their engagement party. The High Street is seen from the end nearest to the Castle Inn.

Michael Winner used Chiddingstone in his production of The Wicked Lady. Terry Jones and the Monty Python team filmed here for Wind in the Willows - Mr Toad's Wild Ride. Elizabeth R, starring Glenda Jackson was largely made here, as was Gerald Scarfe's Life of Hogarth.

title: Chiddingstone


text:
Talk:High sheriff

Crown copyright protection

 * The material featured on this site is subject to Crown copyright protection unless otherwise indicated. The Crown copyright protected material (other than the Royal Arms and departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. Where any of the Crown copyright items on this site are being republished or copied to others, the source of the material must be identified and the copyright status acknowledged. Source: Privy Council website

Copyvio -- I don't believe the above license is GFDL-compatible, more specifically "provided it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context". GFDL requires ability to create misleading or innaccurate reproductions (and who is to say what is misleading or inaccurate?)

More to the point, the Crown copyright stuff was not even related to the subject (High Sheriff) - so I have removed it in cleaning up the page. Andreww 01:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Governor of Texas
The Governor of Texas is not the “High Sheriff” of the state. That term is not used anywhere in the Texas statutes or Texas Constitution. Moreover, the governor does not have any general authority over a sheriff.

Northern Island
I have just removed mention of High Sheriffs of counties of Northern Island - I can find no sign that such a post currently exists: see this and this. Feel free to add any useful informatin you may have on the subject, but it must be verifiable. Andreww 19:17, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Er, it's "Northern Ireland", not "Northern Island". Maybe thay's why you failed to find anything? Owain (talk) 08:54, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Cornwall
The Duchy of Cornwall claims the right to select the High Sheriff of Cornwall, each year, rather than the Privy Council.

http://www.duchyofcornwall.org/abouttheduchy_history_acquisition.htm

A list of High Sheriffs of Cornwall on Wikipedia.

Vernon White 23:10, 12 September 2006 (UTC)  ___

I have had this email from the Privy Council:

 The Privy Council Office is only responsible for the management of the appointment of High Sheriffs in England and Wales, excluding Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and Cornwall. The Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall have independent arrangements.

Any enquiries about these arrangements should be made to the Duchy office direct.

The Duchy of Cornwall, 10 Buckingham Gate, London, SW1E 6L Tel 020 7834 7346 Email London@duchyofcornwall.gov.uk

The Duchy of Lancaster, Lancaster Place, Strand, London, WC2E 7ED Email info@duchyoflancaster.co.uk  Vernon White 12:13, 13 September 2006 (UTC)  ___

Historical Role
This is the only article for English sheriffs & what little information it has is I think misleading for them in historical terms. Frankly these are more likely to be of interest than the current ceremonial role. Johnbod 04:40, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Please identify the bad history.

I disagree concerning the current role of High Sheriffs. They do a good job and often appear in the columns of local newspapers. WP is a place where people might well look first to find out a bit more than the journalist reported. === Vernon White (talk)  10:19, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Link to List
There is a fairly complete list of HS Offices at List of Shrievalties This article links to List of High Sheriffs of the United Kingdom, which is incomplete and contains information that becomes out-of-date for each year for each office. On its talk page, someone comments that the Title should not say "United Kingdom". ===Vernon White (talk)  09:34, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

The problem seems to be the failure to include a link to the Wikipedia page on Sheriff Courts in Scotland. Also there is a fairly good Wikipedia page giving brief details on Sheriffs in the rest of the world. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff_Court http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff

The links at the end include links to two lists of Sheriffs in the United Kingdom. This is incorrect. These lists are to Sheriffs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The external reference is to the London Gazette which also only claims to be concerning Sheriffs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Further, the links to earlier lists are for England and Wales. Attempting to amend this will need an amendment of the address. Can someone do this for the sake of accuracy? surfingus (talk) 11:37, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.duchyoflancaster.co.uk/output/page44.asp
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 * Added tag to http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Primary&Year=1887&parentActiveTextDocId=1060203&ActiveTextDocId=1060257
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 * Added tag to http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=Sheriffs+Act+1887&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1060203&ActiveTextDocId=1060216&filesize=1748
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110524142832/http://www.nwda.co.uk/news--events/press-releases/200301/nwda-chairman-appointed-as-hig.aspx to http://www.nwda.co.uk/news--events/press-releases/200301/nwda-chairman-appointed-as-hig.aspx
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High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
From Talk:High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire:  @PBS: Hi PBS, I know it was a long time (8 yrs) ago but I think you have made a mistake here. Please would you provide a link to show why you thought it was the right thing to do? Have a look at this old publication regards, Eddaido (talk) 04:22, 18 September 2019 (UTC) The old publication mentioned was:

 * @ User:Eddaido, I presume this comment refers to my moving the page title from High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire to Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. This particular office existed from 1154 until the abolition of the office in 1965.

 * The page you reference (published 1803) is quoting a text from 1643, the English Civil War period (hence Parliamentry ordinences and not acts; and which was sent into oblivion at the end of the Interregnum). As you can see from this article. There are citations for two acts of Parliament, highlighting the change from "Sheriff" to "High Sheriff". I think it will take more evidence than on old source to persuade me that my move was not correct. For example take the year 1956 when Frank Perkins was appointed (the last sheriff with a Wikipedia biography) the source for that is the London Gazette:
 * We found when looking into this issue in the past that authors we free and loose with the use of "High Sheriff" and "Sheriff" often contradicting each other and sometimes in the same paragraph, so it was decided to go with the London Gazette and the Acts of Parliament, as they seem to be the most authoratative sources (for this page the earliest Gazette publication 1665/1666).
 * We found when looking into this issue in the past that authors we free and loose with the use of "High Sheriff" and "Sheriff" often contradicting each other and sometimes in the same paragraph, so it was decided to go with the London Gazette and the Acts of Parliament, as they seem to be the most authoratative sources (for this page the earliest Gazette publication 1665/1666).

 * So I made the moved because the office was abolished before, as this article makes clear, sheriffs became high sheriffs in the 1970s. -- PBS (talk) 18:12, 17 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi PBS, not sure I do follow all that. I think the point you missed when looking at the Gazette is that a High Sheriff is still a sheriff and appears in the list of sheriffs. Yes the particular appointee you mention is the reason I wrote. His granddaughter was High Sheriff of Herefordshire last year. Anyway have a look at this page. See that the notice concerns appointment of Sheriffs and begins "High Sheriffs appointed by . . . ". Won't pester you more. Best regards, Eddaido (talk) 10:16, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

 * From the lead of most of the High Sheriff articles:

":::The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff."

 * So Eddaido, the list High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire contains a list of Sheriffs before 1974 and High Sheriffs since. So the link you give to the Gazette of 13 March 2019 is for the office of High Sheriff, but  is for the office of Sheriff (the year before the provisions of the Local Government Act came into force). -- PBS (talk) 21:28, 19 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:High sheriff


text:
Jobless recovery

A jobless recovery or jobless growth is an economic phenomenon in which a macroeconomy experiences growth while maintaining or decreasing its level of employment. The term was coined by the economist Nick Perna in the early 1990s.

Causes
Economists are still divided about the causes and cures of a jobless recovery: some argue that increased productivity through automation has allowed economic growth without reducing unemployment. Other economists state that blaming automation is an example of the luddite fallacy and that jobless recoveries stem from structural changes in the labor market, leading to unemployment as workers change jobs or industries.

Industrial consolidation
Some have argued that the recent lack of job creation in the United States is due to increased industrial consolidation and growth of monopoly or oligopoly power. The argument is twofold: firstly, small businesses create most American jobs, and secondly, small businesses have more difficulty starting and growing in the face of entrenched existing businesses (compare infant industry argument, applied at the level of industries, rather than individual firms).

Population growth vs. employment growth
In addition to employment growth, population growth must also be considered concerning the perception of jobless recoveries. Immigrants and new entrants to the workforce will often accept lower wages, causing persistent unemployment among those who were previously employed.

Surprisingly, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) does not offer data-sets isolated to the working-age population (ages 16 to 65). Including retirement age individuals in most BLS data-sets may tend to obfuscate the analysis of employment creation in relation to population growth. Additionally, incorrect assumptions about the term, Labor force, might also occur when reading BLS publications, millions of employable persons are not included within the official definition. The Labor force, as defined by the BLS, is a strict definition of those officially unemployed (U-3), and those who are officially employed (1 hour or more).

The following table and included chart depicts year-to-year employment growth in comparison to population growth for those persons under 65 years of age. As such, baby boomer retirements are removed from the data as a factor for consideration. The table includes the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, for the Civilian noninstitutional population and corresponding Employment Levels, dating from 1948 and includes October 2013, the age groups are 16 years & over, and 65 years & over. The working-age population is then determined by subtracting those age 65 and over from the Civilian noninstitutional population and Employment Levels respectively. Isolated into the traditional working-age subset, growth in both employment levels and population levels are totaled by decade, an employment percentage rate is also displayed for comparison by decade.

When examined, by decade, the first decade of the 2000s, the United States suffered a 5% jobless rate when compared to the added working age population.

title: Jobless recovery


text:
Port triggering

Port triggering is a configuration option on a NAT-enabled router that controls communication between internal and external host machines in an IP network. It is similar to port forwarding in that it enables incoming traffic to be forwarded to a specific internal host machine, although the forwarded port is not open permanently and the target internal host machine is chosen dynamically.

Description
When two networks communicate through a NAT-router, the host machines on the internal network behave as if they have the IP address of the NAT-router from the perspective of the host machines on the external network. Without any traffic forwarding rules, it is impossible for a host machine on an external network (host B) to open a connection to a host machine in the internal network (host A). This is because the connection can only be targeted to the IP of the NAT-router, since the internal network is hidden behind NAT. With port triggering, when some host A opens a connection to a host B using a predefined port or ports, then all incoming traffic that the router receives on some predefined port or ports is forwarded to host A. This is the 'triggering' event for the forwarding rule. The forwarding rule is disabled after a period of inactivity.

Port triggering is useful for network applications where the client and server roles must be switched for certain tasks, such as authentication for IRC chat and file downloading for FTP file sharing.

Example
As an example of how port triggering operates, when connecting to IRC (Internet Relay Chat), it is common to authenticate a username with the Ident protocol via port 113.

When connecting to IRC, the client computer typically makes an outgoing connection on port 6667 (or any port in the range 6660–7000), causing the IRC server to attempt to verify the username given by making a new connection back to the client computer on port 113. When the computer is behind NAT, the NAT device silently drops this connection because it does not know to which computer behind the NAT it should send the request to connect. These two transport-level connections are necessary for the application-level connection to the IRC server to succeed (see Internet protocol suite). Since the second TCP/IP connection is not possible, the attempted connection to the IRC server will fail.

In the case of port triggering, the router is configured so that when an outbound connection is established on any port from 6660 to 7000, it should allow inbound connections to that particular computer on port 113. This gives it more flexibility than static port forwarding because it is not necessary to set it up for a specific address on your network, allowing multiple clients to connect to IRC servers through the NAT-router. Security is also gained, in the sense that the inbound port is not left open when not actively in use.

Disadvantages
Port triggering has the disadvantage that it binds the triggered port to a single client at a time. As long as the port is bound to that particular client, port triggering is effectively unavailable to all other clients. In FTP file sharing, for example, this means that no two clients can download files from an FTP server running on "active mode" simultaneously. For IRC, even though the authentication step happens very quickly, the port triggering timeout may still prevent other clients from logging into IRC servers. Port triggering is unsuitable for servers behind a NAT router because it relies on the local computer to make an outgoing connection before it can receive incoming ones. On some routers it is possible to have more than one client use port triggering and port forwarding, but not simultaneously.

title: Port triggering


text:
List of football clubs in South Korea

This is a list of South Korean association football clubs, as of 2024. The clubs are arranged alphabetically.

K League 1

 * Daegu FC
 * Daejeon Hana Citizen
 * FC Seoul
 * Gangwon FC
 * Gimcheon Sangmu
 * Gwangju FC
 * Incheon United
 * Jeju United
 * Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
 * Pohang Steelers
 * Suwon FC
 * Ulsan HD

K League 2

 * Ansan Greeners
 * Bucheon FC 1995
 * Busan IPark
 * Cheonan City
 * Chungbuk Cheongju
 * Chungnam Asan
 * FC Anyang
 * Gimpo FC
 * Gyeongnam FC
 * Jeonnam Dragons
 * Seongnam FC
 * Seoul E-Land
 * Suwon Samsung Bluewings

K3 League

 * Busan Transportation Corporation
 * Changwon City
 * Chuncheon FC
 * Daegu FC B
 * Daejeon Korail
 * FC Mokpo
 * Gangneung City
 * Gimhae FC
 * Gyeongju KHNP
 * Hwaseong FC
 * Paju Citizen
 * Pocheon Citizen
 * Siheung Citizen
 * Ulsan Citizen
 * Yangpyeong FC
 * Yeoju FC

K4 League

 * Busan IPark Futures
 * FC Chungju
 * Daejeon Hana Citizen B
 * Dangjin Citizen
 * Gangwon FC B
 * Geoje Citizen
 * Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors B
 * Jeonju Citizen
 * Jinju Citizen
 * Namyangju FC
 * Pyeongchang United
 * Pyeongtaek Citizen
 * Sejong Vanesse
 * Seoul Jungnang
 * Seoul Nowon United
 * Yangju Citizen

Former clubs

 * Asan Mugunghwa
 * Asan United
 * Changwon United
 * Cheil Industries
 * Cheongju City
 * Chohung Bank
 * Chonbuk Buffalo
 * Chungju Hummel
 * Daegu KAPEC
 * E-Land Puma
 * FC Namdong
 * Goyang Citizen
 * Goyang Happiness
 * Goyang KB Kookmin Bank
 * Goyang Zaicro
 * Gyeongju Citizen
 * Hallelujah FC
 * Hanil Bank
 * Hanil Life Insurance
 * Hongcheon Idu
 * Hyundai Mipo Dockyard
 * Icheon Citizen
 * Icheon Sangmu
 * Industrial Bank of Korea
 * Jeonju Ongoeul
 * Korea Housing Bank
 * Korea Tungsten
 * Namyangju United
 * Samcheok Shinwoo Electronics
 * Seoul City
 * Seoul FC Martyrs
 * Seoul Pabal
 * Yangzee
 * Yeonggwang FC
 * Yesan FC
 * Yongin Citizen
 * Yongin City

title: List of football clubs in South Korea


text:
Nicholas Cleobury

Nicholas Cleobury (born 23 June 1950) is an English conductor.

Cleobury was organ scholar at Worcester College, Oxford, conductor of Schola Cantorum of Oxford and held assistant organist posts at Chichester Cathedral and Christ Church, Oxford before turning to orchestral and operatic work. He is founder-laureate of the Britten Sinfonia and has been particularly active in the promotion of contemporary music. He was from 1997 to 2015 principal conductor of the Oxford Bach Choir.

Cleobury's elder brother Stephen was director of music at King's College, Cambridge.

Cleobury joined the Queensland Conservatorium as head of opera in 2016.

title: Nicholas Cleobury