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General Motors Atlas engine

Atlas is a name for a family of modern inline piston engines for trucks from General Motors, used in the GMT355 and GMT360 platforms. The series debuted in 2002 with the Oldsmobile Bravada, and is also used in the Buick Rainier, the Chevrolet TrailBlazer and Colorado, the GMC Envoy and Canyon, the Hummer H3, Isuzu Ascender and i-370, and the Saab 9-7X. The engines use GM's Vortec name, and Straight-4, Straight-5, and Straight-6 engines are all part of the same family, sharing the same manufacturing equipment, rods, pistons, valves, and other parts. They feature coil-on-plug ignition systems, variable valve timing on the exhaust side, electronic throttle control, and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the half shafts in four-wheel drive vehicles. The inclusion of VVT on the exhaust camshaft side allows the Atlas series to meet emissions standards without the use of EGR, simplifying the engine design and increasing power for a broad power curve. The LL8 shares 75% of its components with the LK5 and L52; while the LK5 and L52 share 89% of their components.

The Atlas engines feature aluminum cylinder blocks and heads, with the cylinder bores featuring replaceable steel cylinder liners. The 4- and 5-cylinder versions feature dual balance shafts, balance shafts being unnecessary in the 6-cylinder.

The Atlas program began in 1995 along with the planning for GM's next-generation mid-size SUVs and pickup trucks. These vehicles were designed around the I6 engine. The I6 version was used in a Baja 1000 racing truck, winning its first race in a class that also included V8 engines. Another I6-powered truck won the truck class at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb.

The Atlas engines were produced at the Flint Engine South plant in Flint, Michigan, while the I4 and I5 versions were produced at the Tonawanda Engine plant in Tonawanda, New York, near Buffalo.

LL8 (Vortec 4200)
The LL8 (or Vortec 4200), is a straight-6 gasoline engine produced from 2002 to 2009. It was the first Atlas engine, and was introduced in 2002 for the Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, and Oldsmobile Bravada. The engine was also used in the Buick Rainier, Saab 9-7X, and Isuzu Ascender.

It displaces 4.16 L, with a 93x102 mm bore and stroke. It has four valves per cylinder, utilizes dual-overhead cams (DOHC) design, and features variable valve timing on the exhaust cam, a first for GM inline engines. When introduced, this engine's power was 270 hp at 6,000 rpm and torque was 275 lbft at 3,600 rpm. 2003 saw a slight bump in power to 275 hp, while torque was unchanged. For 2006, power was increased to 291 hp at 6,000 rpm and torque to 277 lbft) at 4800 rpm with the addition of a MAF and a complete internal redesign of the engine; however, due to the new SAE rating procedures, ratings can vary slightly between years. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm. The LL8 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2002 through 2005 and was the basis for all the other Atlas engines. With the closure of the Moraine, Ohio, plant and the discontinuation of the GMT360 platform (Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, etc.), production of the LL8 also ended.

Applications:
 * 2002–2009 GMC Envoy, Envoy XL, and Envoy XUV
 * 2002–2009 Chevrolet TrailBlazer and TrailBlazer EXT
 * 2002–2004 Oldsmobile Bravada
 * 2004–2007 Buick Rainier
 * 2003–2008 Isuzu Ascender
 * 2005–2009 Saab 9-7X 4.2i

LLR (Vortec 3700)
The LLR (also called Vortec 3700), is a straight-5 DOHC engine produced from 2007 through 2012. It displaces 3653 cc, courtesy of a larger 95.5 mm bore while keeping the 102 mm stroke. The LLR also corrected the head issue found in the L52. It produces 242 hp at 5,600 rpm and 242 lbft at 4,600 rpm. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm. This five-cylinder engine achieves better fuel economy than the six-cylinder with more power and torque than the four-cylinder.

Applications:
 * 2007–2012 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon
 * 2007–2010 Hummer H3
 * 2007–2008 Isuzu i-370

L52 (Vortec 3500)
The L52 (also called Vortec 3500), is a straight-5 DOHC engine produced from 2004 through 2006. It displaces 3460 cc, with a 93x102 mm bore and stroke. Dynoed at the flywheel it produces 220 hp at 5,600 rpm and 225 lbft at 2,800 rpm. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm.

Applications:

 * 2002 Bel Air concept
 * 2004–2006 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon
 * 2006 Isuzu i-350
 * 2006 Hummer H3

LLV (Vortec 2900)
The LLV (also called Vortec 2900) is a 2921 cc straight-4 DOHC engine produced between 2007 and 2012, with a 95.5x102 mm bore and a stroke. It replaced the LK5 and produced 185 hp at 5,600 rpm and 190 lbft of torque at 2,800 rpm. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm.

Applications:
 * 2007–2012 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon
 * 2007–2008 Isuzu i-290

LK5 (Vortec 2800)
The LK5 (also called the Vortec 2800) is a 2770 cc straight-4 DOHC engine produced between 2004 and 2006, with a 93x102 mm bore and stroke. It produces 175 hp at 5,600 rpm and 185 lbft of torque at 2,800 rpm. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm.

Applications:
 * 2004–2006 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon
 * 2006 Isuzu i-280

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: General Motors Atlas engine


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Alberto Rabagliati

Alberto Rabagliati (27 June 1906 in Milan – 8 March 1974 in Rome) was an Italian jazz singer.

Early career
Alberto Rabagliati was born in Milan in 1906 and was the son of Piedmontese spouses: his father Leandro Valentino Rabagliati and his mother Delfina Besso were both natives of Casorzo, a comune (municipality) in the hills of the Montferrat in the Province of Asti (Italy). In 1927, he moved to Hollywood after winning a Rudolph Valentino look-alike contest. He later recalled: "For someone like me, who had seen no more than Lake Como or Monza Cathedral so far, finding myself on board a luxury steamer with three cases full of clothes, a few rolls of dollars, grand-duchesses and countesses flirting with me was something extraordinary". He remained in America for four years, but his career as an actor never took off. However, during his stay he had the opportunity to get to know new musical genres such as jazz, swing, and scat singing.

Alberto Rabagliati married Maria Antonietta Tonnini in Rome in 1954.

Singing
Back in Europe, he became a singer. After a brief period with Pippo Barzizza's orchestra, he joined the Lecuona Cuban Boys, a Cuban band. He performed in blackface and made a hit with the song "Maria la O".

While with the Lecuona Cuban Boys, he met Giovanni D'Anzi who suggested that he audition with the Italian state radio station EIAR. Rabagliati soon became a radio star, and in 1941 had his own radio show. Every Monday night EIAR (RAI) aired Canta Rabagliati ("Rabagliati sings"), with the singer presenting his most famous songs such as "Ma l'amore no", "Mattinata fiorentina", "Ba-Ba-Baciami Piccina", "Silenzioso slow", "Bambina innamorata".

He was so popular that his name was sung in the lyrics of La famiglia canterina, Quando canta Rabagliati, Quando la radio. At a time when anything foreign was banned, the idol Rabagliati was allowed to maintain his American-influenced style. Indeed, the Fascist government decided to make use of his popularity by choosing his song "Sposi (c'è una casetta piccina)" ("Wed (there's a little home)") as their demographic campaign anthem.

Acting
His fame as a singer helped his acting career restart. From 1940 to 1965 he acted in some twenty films, including The Barefoot Contessa, Montecarlo and Il vedovo. In 1966, he starred in The Christmas That Almost Wasn't.

Rabagliati was active also on the stage until the mid-1950s. He performed in musical revues and comedies by Garinei and Giovannini.

His last public appearance was in 1974 as a guest in the TV show Milleluci hosted by Mazzini Mina and Raffaella Carrà. Soon afterward he died of cerebral thrombosis.

title: Alberto Rabagliati


title: Template:JudoAt2004SummerOlympics


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Subjective character of experience

The subjective character of experience is a term in psychology and the philosophy of mind denoting that all subjective phenomena are associated with a single point of view ("ego"). The term was coined and illuminated by Thomas Nagel in his famous paper "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?"

Nagel argues that, because bats are apparently conscious mammals with a way of perceiving their environment entirely different from that of human beings, it is impossible to speak of "what is it like to be a bat for the bat" or, while the example of the bat is particularly illustrative, any conscious species, as each organism has a unique point of view from which no other organism can gather experience. To Nagel, the subjective character of experience implies the cognitive closure of the human mind to some facts, specifically the mental states that physical states create.

title: Subjective character of experience


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Audra Lynn

Audra Lynn (born Audra Lynn January 31, 1980) is an American model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Miss October 2003.

She also was on the cover of the March 2005 issue of the Italian edition of Rolling Stone magazine.

She appeared in an episode of Viva La Bam on MTV. She also appeared in several episodes of the E! reality television series, The Girls Next Door. She was a special guest on Frasier in the "Freudian Sleep" episode. She has also been on Mad TV, a celebrity week of Family Feud, won a game of Street Smarts for charity, was mentioned by Sum 41 on MTV's Total Request Live due to a shoot that Sum 41 did of her, was on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Carson Daly, Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and Spring Break MTV 2003.

Lynn was photographed nude by Sum 41 for the celebrity photographer section of Playboy.com. Her Playmate centerfold was photographed by Stephen Wayda and Arny Freytag.

Lynn was the featured celebrity interview for Amore magazine's 25th Anniversary edition. She spends her time promoting charities including Hollygrove, a child-centered, family-focused community organization serving abused and neglected children and those at risk of abuse.

In the June 2006 High Times, she discussed her discovery of medical marijuana. It helped ease her chronic pain from fibromyalgia.

title: Audra Lynn


text:
RDMA

RDMA may refer to:

 * Remote direct memory access, in computing
 * Radio Disney Music Awards, an annual musical awards ceremony
 * Royal Dutch Medical Association, in the Netherlands

title: RDMA


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Vernon Corea

Vernon Corea (11 September 1927 – 23 September 2002) was a pioneer radio broadcaster with 45 years of public service broadcasting both in Sri Lanka and the UK. He joined Radio Ceylon, South Asia's oldest radio station, in 1956 and later the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. During his time he presented some of the most popular radio shows in South Asia, including The Maliban Show, Dial-a-Disc, Holiday Choice, Two For the Money, Take It Or Leave It, Saturday Stars, To Each His Own, Kiddies Corner, and Old Folks at Home. He was well known not only in Sri Lanka, but right across the Indian Sub-Continent from the late 1950s to the 1970s – this was in the heyday of Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia.

Early life
Corea was born in Kurana, Katunayake, Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) on 11 September 1927. His parents were Reverend Canon Ivan Corea and Ouida Corea, and was the brother of Ernest Corea, a prominent journalist and former Ambassador to the United States. Rev. Corea was Vicar of St. Luke's Church, Borella, and St. Paul's Church, Milagiriya.

His family hailed from the west coast town of Chilaw in Sri Lanka and were direct descendants of General Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala who was tasked to take over Kotte in 1596 for King Vimala Dharmasurya I. His grandfather was Dr. James Alfred Ernest Corea, brother of the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea, founders of the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Recognising their role in the independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, known as the 'Father of India,' visited Chilaw on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927 and met Vernon's grandfather in a Corea home called 'Sigiriya.'

Vernon Corea was educated at Royal College, Colombo a well known education institution, in Sri Lanka. He represented the school in tennis and was fully involved in the world of drama and the debating society. He was sent by his father to Bishop’s College, Calcutta, India for training into the priesthood. In Calcutta he was elected President of the Ceylon Students Association and acted in drama performances. He felt that the priesthood was not his vocation and returned to Ceylon, after the death of his mother.

Career
Following brief careers in teaching at Uva College in Badulla (where he met his wife Monica) and as a salesman at Car Mart in Colombo, Vernon Corea joined Radio Ceylon as a Relief Announcer in 1956, he was appointed by the Director of the Commercial Service, the Australian, Clifford Dodd and his assistant Livy Wijemanne. He became well known as The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon, representing shows of popular music, baila music, and western music. He was later Business Manager, News Director at the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation.Corea represented the Director-General of the station at a Commonwealth Broadcasting Conference, when he was in the United Kingdom, on a six-month fellowship with the Nuffield Trust in 1970.

From 1956 to 1960, Vernon Corea and other announcers of Radio Ceylon introduced the music of Elvis Presley, Patsy Cline, Louis Armstrong, Jim Reeves, Hank Snow, and Cliff Richard over the airwaves of Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. They became hugely popular in South Asia.

Throughout his life and his broadcasting career Corea promoted the very best of Sri Lankan talent in the world of popular music. He was the first to consistently promote Sri Lanka's musicians through his highly influential entertainment column – EMCEE published in the Ceylon Daily News in the 1960s–1970s. Vernon introduced hundreds of musicians to listeners at Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation and in the studios of BBC Radio London when he presented the popular London Sounds Eastern radio programme. He 'discovered' many young Sri Lankan stars through his radio programmes on Radio Ceylon and promoted their musical talents in the EMCEE column in the Daily News in Colombo. Some went onto the international stage.

Some of Ceylon's first music stars such as Nimal Mendis, Bill Forbes, Des Kelly and Cliff Foenander, were interviewed by Vernon Corea, for Radio Ceylon. Their music was also introduced to a vast audience across the Indian sub-continent – millions tuned into the radio station and Radio Ceylon announcers enjoyed iconic status with South Asian listeners. The respected Hindu newspaper of India placed Vernon Corea in the Top 5 Broadcasters of the World stating that he introduced Sinhala Music onto the English Services of the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon and the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. He was the first to introduce the talents of Clarence Wijewardena, Annesley Malewana, and others on English radio programmes, on Radio Ceylon.

As a special tribute to Vernon Corea's father, Reverend Canon Ivan Corea, the Sri Lankan superstar Clarence Wijewardena composed a moving song about a father's love,'Ma Ethi Dedi Kala Piyaneni.' It was an international hit for Clarence Wijewardena and Annesley Malewana. In an interview, Annesley Malewanna recalls: ''"When we toured England in 1994 to hold musical shows, Vernon Corea who was in England requested me to sing this particular song. When I got on to the stage and started singing Vernon broke down and all of us were moved by this incident. Wherever we go, most people in foreign countries requested me to sing this song. Now I dedicate that song to my late father," he said. ''

Television
Vernon Corea created television history on the island of Sri Lanka when he was invited to present the first ever experimental television broadcast on 15 June 1972 by the Radio Society of Ceylon. He appeared on television screens in Colombo, in black and white, on a short TV programme, this was history in the making. Seven years later the first regular television transmission was conducted in Sri Lanka and the first TV presenter on that regular transmission was Vernon Corea's cousin, Vijaya Corea – he introduced his cousin to radio by asking him to present 'Kiddies Corner' a popular children's programme on Radio Ceylon in the 1960s. Vijaya Corea was one of many young broadcasters mentored by Vernon Corea – he went on to become the Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. Another protégé was Nihal Bhareti who went on to greater height heights in broadcasting and was the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation's Director of English Services. Leon Belleth was another mentee, after a successful career with Radio Ceylon/SLBC he retired in Australia.

There are now several television stations operating on the island, a far cry from the early experiments of the Radio Society of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1972.

The BBC
The Corea family migrated to England in 1975. Vernon Corea worked for Radio Worldwide based in Upper Norwood, then for BBC Radio London as a presenter for the popular London Sounds Eastern. He interviewed many Asian stars, including Pandit Ravi Shankar and Usha Uthup. The BBC radio programme drew a huge audience in the capital and was even featured in the Radio Times. Vernon Corea soon climbed the management ladder at the BBC – he was appointed Local Radio Asian Programmes Officer in 1978. He went on to become the Ethnic Minorities Adviser to the BBC; This was a senior management appointment – he held this post at the BBC until his retirement. Vernon Corea played a pivotal role in introducing and mentoring young, gifted and talented people into broadcasting. He trained minority ethnic broadcasters and found placements for them on the BBC Local Radio Network. His work contributed to the diversity of the BBC. Vernon Corea also lectured at the BBC Training Centre. Many of Corea's trainees are now presenters of mainstream radio programmes on BBC Radio. Among those who came to seek Vernon Corea's advice was the top BBC News Presenter, George Alagiah.

Corea was also invited to Nepal, Bangladesh and the Maldives to train broadcasters and was introduced to the President of the Maldives on a visit to Male, the capital.

Church Work
Vernon Corea was a Christian, he was very involved in the work of the church in the UK – he was a Lay Reader of the Church of England at Emmanuel Church, Wimbledon in South-West London and previous to that appointment he was Lay Reader at Christ Church, Gipsy Hill in South-East London.

Recalling his life, Reginald Massey noted in The Guardian: ''Corea was a born broadcaster and racy raconteur, prone to making outrageous remarks with a straight face. But behind his frivolous manner was a generous and large-hearted Christian, who was also a lay reader at Emmanuel church in Wimbledon village, in south-west London.'' '

Autism
The struggles of parents, carers, children and adults with autism was something Corea cared deeply about, after his own grandson was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. He raised awareness of the condition. In 2002 he attended a historic service for autism held at St.Paul's Cathedral in London and wrote Prayers for Autism. These prayers are now being said on Autism Sunday commemorated annually, by churches and religious organisations across the world, on the second Sunday in February.

He died of diabetes, in New Malden in London on 23 September 2002.

Quotes on Vernon Corea
'Vernon was a pioneering influence in the BBC and helped to lay the foundation for the work we are continuing to do to make sure our staff and our programmes are truly representative of our nation's diverse population.' (Greg Dyke – Director-General BBC)

'His sense of loyalty to his management and to his profession and his compassion and concern for those who worked under him were exemplary.' (Neville Jayaweera – former Director-General SLBC)

'The BBC at this time was striving to be more inclusive, and Corea found himself at the forefront of an increasing thrust for diversity. His importance both as a figurehead and a consultant was recognised by his appointment as the first ethnic minorities adviser in 1978.' (The Times)

title: Vernon Corea


text:
Yixuan

Yixuan may refer to:

People

 * Yixuan, Prince Chun (1840–1891), a Manchu prince and statesman of the late Qing Dynasty
 * An Yixuan (born 1980), Taiwanese actress
 * Duan Yixuan (born 1995), Chinese singer and actress
 * Hu Yixuan (born 1994), Chinese swimmer
 * Li Yixuan (born 1997), Chinese tennis player
 * Linji Yixuan (died 866), Chinese Buddhist teacher
 * Zhou Yixuan (born 1990), Chinese rapper, singer, and actor

Automobiles

 * Aeolus Yixuan, a 2019–present Chinese compact sedan
 * Aeolus Yixuan GS, a 2020–present Chinese compact crossover
 * Aeolus Yixuan Max, a 2021–present Chinese mid-size sedan

title: Yixuan


text:
OWC

OWC can refer to:

 * Office Web Components, a type of programmable control in Microsoft Office
 * Oil-water contact, the interface between layers of oil and water in hydrocarbon reservoirs
 * Open-wheel car, a car with its wheels outside of its main body
 * Open Windrow Composting, composting of waste in open-air windrows
 * Optical wireless communications
 * Oscillating water column, a wave power technology
 * Other World Computing, a computer hardware company specializing in Apple components
 * Overwatch Contenders, a professional esports league

title: OWC


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Alexandra, South Africa

Alexandra, informally abbreviated to Alex, is a township in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It forms part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and is located next to the wealthy suburb of Sandton. Alexandra is bounded by Wynberg on the west, Marlboro and Kelvin on the north, Kew, Lombardy West and Lombardy East on the south. Alexandra is one of the poorest urban areas in the country. Alexandra is situated on the banks of the Jukskei River. In addition to its original, reasonably well-built houses, it also has a large number (estimated at more than 20,000) of informal dwellings or "shacks" called imikhukhu.

Early history
Alexandra was established in 1912, on land originally owned by a farmer, a Mr H.B. Papenfus, who tried to establish a white residential township there, naming it after his wife, Alexandra. However, because it was (at the time) a considerable distance from the centre of Johannesburg, this was not a great success. Consequently, in 1912, Alexandra was proclaimed as a so-called "native township". Because the township was proclaimed before the South African 1913 Land Act, it was one of the few urban areas in the country where black people could own land under a freehold title.

By 1916, the population of Alexandra had grown to 30,000 people. The Alexandra Health Committee was established to manage the township. However, the Committee was not allowed to collect local taxes, nor was the Johannesburg City Council willing to take responsibility for an area that it claimed fell outside its jurisdiction, leading to a lack of resources and proper management. When the National Party came into power in 1948 and started to implement its policy of apartheid, Alexandra was put under the direct control of the then Department of Native Affairs.

1950–2000
In the early 1960s, the government decided to demolish all family accommodation in Alexandra and replace them with single-sex hostels, which led to widespread resistance and protest. However, owing to the high costs, lack of alternative housing for the persons that would have to have been removed and the escalating opposition led by the Reverend Sam Buti's "Save Alexandra Party", only two hostels were actually completed, and so the scheme was cancelled in 1979.

The riots that started in Soweto in June 1976 quickly spread to other areas such as Alexandra, where 19 people were killed. As a consequence of these riots, evictions, forced removals and expropriation of black properties were stopped; city blacks were no longer viewed as transient residents and their permanent status used to be recognised.

Finally, in 1982, Alexandra was given the official status of a residential area and the then Alexandra liaison committee, led by Rev Buti, was instituted to run the township.

In 1980 a "Master Plan" for Alexandra was introduced, whose aim was to transform Alexandra into a "Garden City" with a completely new layout. However, only a small part of this plan was actually ever implemented; the execution of the "Master Plan" was permanently stopped by the violent "Alex Six Days" uprising in February 1986. The uprising resulted from an attack by the security forces on a funeral in the township. 40 people were killed. The Alexandra Township Committee, led by trade unionist Moses Mayekiso, were arrested and beaten. Mayekiso was only released following a strike by metal workers.

By May the council started collapsing and the councillors resigned which saw the emergence of street committees and peoples' courts. After the imposition of the nationwide state of emergency in June, the Defence Force moved in to keep the peace. In its place, the government introduced the "Urban Renewal Plan" as part of its strategy during the state of emergency. However, this plan led to considerable demolitions, disruptions and displacement in the community as well as two treason trials involving 13 leaders of Alexandra.

This, combined with the considerable number of additional people moving into Alexandra during this time, led to a new area called the "East Bank" being built. Because of the insufficient capacity and difficult maintenance of the newly built infrastructure, the situation quickly deteriorated and thus the "Urban Renewal Plan" was shelved in 1990. During the communal and political conflicts that took place in the 1991–1992 period, many people were killed, injured or displaced. This led to several peace initiatives, which were greatly assisted by the first fully democratic South African elections in April 1994.

2000s to present
To assist in renewing and uplift the community, the Alexandra Renewal Project was launched in 2000. The project has caused clashes between residents and companies, including SA Waste Holdings (Pty) Ltd, a waste disposal company based in nearby Marlboro.

Approximately 3,000 houses have been built for relocation purposes to date. In August 2006 an American business student conducted a photography project with 190 of the youth of Alexandra. It resulted in a book, alexandra: our view of ekasi. In June/July 2008 the grassroots photographic project Shooting Jozi inspired by the Academy award-winning documentary Born into Brothels took place in Alexandra with local community members.

In May 2008 a series of xenophobic attacks that took place throughout South Africa started in Alexandra Township. Foreigners including Zimbabweans, Mozambicans, Congolese, and even some South Africans from the north living there were attacked.

Sports
The Vodacom League soccer (football) team Alexandra United plays there.

Notable residents
Notable residents of Alexandra included:
 * Nelson Mandela
 * Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe
 * Zanele Mbeki (wife of former President Thabo Mbeki)
 * Mark Mathabane (tennis player and author of the autobiography Kaffir Boy).
 * Samora Machel (former Mozambiquan president)
 * Alfred Nzo (South African Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1994–1999)
 * Joe Modise (South African Minister of Defence, 1994–1999)
 * Hugh Masekela (musician and jazz trumpeter, 1939–2018)
 * Wally Serote (poet)
 * Thami Mnyele (artist/activist)
 * Simon Mahlathini Nkabinde (groaner/lead singer in Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens, 1938–1999)
 * Irvin Khoza (sports administrator)
 * Lesetja Kganyago
 * Paul Mashatile
 * Nkululeko Flabba Habedi (rapper)
 * L-Tido (Rapper)
 * Josiah De Disciple (Record producer & DJ)
 * Obed Bapela
 * Hastings Banda (former president of Malawi)
 * Mr JazziQ (record producer & DJ)

title: Alexandra, South Africa


text:
Janko Vuković

Janko Vuković, sometimes spelt Janko Vukovich or von Vukovich, also known as Janko Vuković de Podkapelski or Janko Vuković-Podkapelski (27 September 1871 – 1 November 1918) was a Croatian naval officer who served in the Austro-Hungarian Navy and - amidst its collapse - for a brief period as commander of the fleet of the fledgling State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Vuković saw action in World War I and was appointed commander of the fleet in October 1918 as the Austria-Hungary disintegrated and the entire navy was handed over to the fledgling State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. He died on board the SMS Viribus Unitis, sunk by Italian commandos.

Biography
He attended the Naval Academy in Fiume (modern Rijeka), and in his naval career he commanded the Habsburg-class battleship pre-Dreadnought SMS Babenberg, the fast light cruiser SMS Admiral Spaun, and rose to command of the fleet's flagship, the dreadnought SMS Viribus Unitis by the end of the First World War.

Viribus Unitis sinking
On October 29, 1918 the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs broke off all relations with Austria and Hungary, establishing the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Subsequently, Emperor Charles I gave the entire Austro-Hungarian Navy, merchant fleet, and all its installations to the new state. When representatives of the National Council arrived at the naval base at Pula on October 31, the commander in chief, Admiral Miklós Horthy, asked to whom he should hand over command of the fleet. The representatives had not considered the matter, and after some discussion accepted Horthy's suggestion of Vuković, who was promoted to rear-admiral and made commander in chief of the new country's navy when Horthy's flag was lowered at 5 pm.

Overnight, an Italian sabotage team from a nearby patrol boat, who had not heard of the new State's creation and non-belligerence, penetrated the harbour and laid two 200 kg mines under the SMS Viribus Unitis ready to explode at 6:30 sharp. The two-man team was captured and taken aboard Viribus Unitis, where they informed Vuković of what they had done.

Vuković arranged for the prisoners (Raffaele Paolucci and Raffaele Rossetti) to be taken safely to the sister ship SMS Tegetthoff (1912), and ordered the evacuation of the ship. But the explosion did not happen at 6:30 and Vukovic returned to the ship with many sailors. He therefore remained on his ship and went down with her and 300-400 of her crew when the mines exploded shortly afterwards at 6:44. Vuković had been commander-in-chief of his country's fleet for barely twelve hours.

Legacy
Vuković's widow Helena honored him with a plaque on a navy chapel at naval graveyard in Pula in 1919. A memorial plaque commemorating his birthplace was attached to his birthhouse in Jezerane in 1994. His name is also preserved on a plaque honouring all admirals that graduated from the former Austro-Hungarian Naval Academy in Rijeka, unveiled by Croatian President Ivo Josipović on Navy Day in 2011. Central square in Brinje and a street in Zagreb are named after Vuković.

Vuković's tragic fate and his sense of honor and duty have inspired an eponymous song by cabaret-rock band from Pula "Gori Ussi Winnetou" as well as two novels: Admiral by Stjepan Vukušić and Admiralski stijeg by Ivan Katušić.

title: Janko Vuković


text: File:Barenaked Ladies - Maroon.jpg

title: File:Barenaked Ladies - Maroon.jpg


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User talk:Pir/archive1

Hello Pir, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela 22:56, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for your message on the Butler Inquiry/Iraq Intelligence Commission (UK). I agree that these pages should be merged (under Butler Inquiry - check Google, and you will see that it is being referred to by this name). When they announced the Hutton Inquiry they didn't give it a name either, and the BBC called their section the "Kelly Inquiry" for quite a while. So far as I can see there's no way to guess what will end up being the name of an Inquiry (the "Shipman Inquiry" is named after Shipman, not the Judge; the "Bloody Sunday Inquiry" is named after the incident. I guess it will be the Soham Inquiry.) I think these names are just coined by the media, and end up being used by everybody. Washington irving 19:42, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks Washington. I agree with you on nomenclature, 'Butler inquiry' is best. Won't be around for a few days, but I will probably have time to help merge both articles after that. pir 20:03, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Good work on attempting to remove bias. From the owner, down through his chain of command - the developers, beneath them the admins and then the typical American white collar reactionary user, it is quite a battle to remove the heavy right wing bias from all of this. But if you don't get flustered or angry and, unlike them, stick to the rules, and work together with saner people here like secretlondon, Wik, Viajero and so forth, you can get somewhere. One of their old tricks is one of them will provoke you, you'll respond, and then they will hold that against you. Just join together with the sane ones, follow the rules and keep a cool head, we'll win by attrition eventually. The efforts of the sane people collectively can't be scattershot, so I would suggest focusing on the larger pages, such as some you have, Hugo Chavez, war on terrorism, U.S.-led occupation of Iraq. It is possible to maintain NPOV there if a group of the sane people concentrate on it. It's less easy to do this on less popular pages, you can give it a try, but if it becomes an edit war it's not really worth the time. You can let other people worry about that. Venceremos 07:43, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I am not necessarily on a mission to remove right-wing views. In fact I find it much better if they stay in the encyclopedia, they just need to be marked clearly for what they are, and we need to add facts, as well as other balancing views. Everyone should have their say, facts and views need to be seperated, and it is always very revealing to see who holds particular views. I am an optimist, in the sense that I believe the truth will always win. That is why I love Wikipedia. pir 13:53, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Venceremos: here's an example of what I mean. VV didn't like the paragraphe about Torture and murder in Iraq committed by British and US troops (In fact initially the whole article, esp. the title, seems to be inspired by right-wing Iraq war propaganda, but now that the situation in Iraq has changed, it's returning on them.). So he added a sentence to weaken it : However, such misdeeds on the part of individual soldiers violate the US and Britain's policies on combat and occupation, and soldiers who break the rules have been subject to court martial. Of course this is not NPOV, because it is simply his own interpretation that these are acts committed only by "individuals", and of course these are just the "official" USUK policies. So I changed these. Then Rei pointed out that no court martials have taken place (so far nobody has provided any evidence to the contrary). What we end up with is a NPOV sentence which makes the whole paragraphe much, much stronger: Such misdeeds violate the US and Britain's official policies on combat and occupation, and soldiers who break the rules are theoretically subject to court martial.
 * The observant reader will compare official policy and effective practice and deduce that the incidents of torture are in fact likely to be have the backing from superiors. The article has made a step towards NPOV at the same time a step towards the truth.pir 03:20, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Uups ... yes, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is the prime minister in waiting. My mistake on the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq page. -- chris_73 11:37, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I think the new version needs work, but it's clearly getting there. I was more than willing to work with Rei's version. 172 was out of line protecting the page, and "Venceremos" is simply a recurring troublemaker who was not going to work with anyone. I am curious, though, about the view you favor. Are you really trying to push the idea that there is a moral equivalency between Saddam's medieval torture chambers and rape rooms and the small number of instances of misconduct by coalition troops? This strikes me as almost inhuman, and suggests you (or whoever favors this view) want it to be true, and will try to make it seem or try to believe that it is. -- VV 19:49, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your notes on my user talk page and on Talk:Torture and murder in Iraq; it seems to me you're taking a very constructive approach to writing this article and communicating with other users, and I look forward to working with you on these difficult and potentially combustive issues. I agree with you that all information should be presented and in a proportionate/balanced manner, including reports regardless of the perpetrators; what bothers me balance-wise is that the article goes on at length about coalition misdeeds, but only gives passing reference to torture by Saddam's regime. Of course, this can be corrected with more detail, but at present it leaves I think a very wrong impression, an impression which, I believe, some users would like to leave readers with. I see from your comments on talk that you recognize that I have this concern. As for your point about official policy, well, call me naive, but I don't believe for a second George Bush would ever authorize soldiers to engage in "sexual misconduct" with prisoners, while I am fairly convinced Saddam countenanced such behavior regularly. I believe this is a hugely important difference which needs to be emphasized. As for the claim that torture is a tool of control, I think that is a controversial assertion. Some would contend that torture is of little use in this regard and is more the result of runaway sadism and cruelty/vengeance by people with power. The torture article or its offshoots is probably the right place for these debates, which is why I think splitting the article into one on the "Dirty Dozen" and one on post-Saddam Iraq does not take away anything; the general subject of torture is too broad anyway for an article focusing only on Iraq. Well, these are just a few of many of the issues to deal with. Since I think each of us understand where the other is coming from, I am optimistic we will find common ground for creating good articles. -- VV 22:41, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

message
Hey, sorry it took so long to respond. I have been dealing with a troll recently and he takes up much of my time.

Anyway I used the word many there for two reasons.

 * 1) I believe making statements that apply universality to large social groups involved in complex human affairs (such as religious leaders) should be discouraged. It leaves too many bases left uncovered. Qualifying the statement with "many" makes the statement more true. Though I would be open to using most.
 * 2) Al-queda is an islamic group and Osama Bin Laden and many of his commanders are Islamic or Muslim leaders (despite however disliked or wicked). So that makes the statement technically inaccurate.

Thanks again for your interest and sorry for the late response. GrazingshipIV 22:40, May 14, 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your questions. I've answered at User talk:Angela/Questions. Angela. 04:39, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hi - you've put a lot of trotskyist groups in Category:Socialist parties - there is a category:Trotskyist organisations which is better. Secretlondon 19:54, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've made trotskyist organisations a subcategory of political parties by ideology. And... anarchists do form organisations! As for the SLP... gawd knows... maybe the general socialist party category is designed for such cases - some would put them under Stalinist but that would be POV. I deliberately didn't make a stalinist category as the number of self-confessed stalinists is very small, and the number of groups that others describe as stalinist much higher. Anyway they've expelled Harpur Bral (spelling prob wrong) who is the only self-confessed Stalinist I can think of. Secretlondon 22:07, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Just to let you know, I appreciate and agree with your comments regarding the trolling poll. Thank you. Jeeves 04:06, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Good call on Cuba. Ambivalenthysteria 10:45, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

No problem - the atmosphere round here is very strange at the moment. It's getting quite unpleasant - lots of admins on delete and ban missions, all the troll hysteria, biting newcomers, in-jokes... Secretlondon 11:17, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

gedday
I responded to your post on my user page by the way 11:50, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Anti-American sentiment
Well you can look at the diff to see what this last fight was about. I explained that I want words indicating I'm introducing a contrast, that is all. I don't think GBWR's view is anywhere near as radical as yours, which seems to be that there is no anti-American sentiment, anywhere.

Also, let me know if anyone else accuses you of being a Lir sockpuppet, and I'll correct them. V V 09:36, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey, I got your note, sorry I'm only just replying now. I think we agree more than it may seem, parting ways mainly on semantic issues:  When I hear anti-anything, I don't think necessarily of Nazi-style genocidal anti-Semitism.  That is a huge extreme, among not only anti-ism, but among anti-Semitism, which has existed in much milder forms across the centuries.  The vast majority of authors (or whoever) I've seen described as anti-Semitic expressed nowhere near such genocidal sentiments, and I expect most would not stomach mass extermination.

 * Rather, what you describe as lingering anti-German sentiment is more what I have in mind, and I believe it's more the norm for all these kinds of "prejudice". For instance, I hope you would agree that few who dislike African-Americans would want to kill them all.  But I have definitely experienced anti-Americanism, certainly in my travels to Europe (as well as anti-German sentiment).

 * Your argument that anti-Americanism can't exist (in some sense) because America is ethnically diverse is not very compelling. Of course, some forms of prejudice would be absurd - hating everyone whose name starts with "B" - but dislike on the basis of citizenship or "national origin" is not.  To draw this out, consider the features being switched: Canadians and Americans are not "ethnically" very different, but they may be treated differently abroad.  (However, distinctions may be made, as more of the "hate" may be directed at the "WASP" backbone of the US rather than the minority groups; for instance, in 1979 the Iranian revolutionaries freed all the African-American hostages as they held on to the white ones.)

 * But anti-Americanism, of every kind, does exist. When Osama bin Laden says, "To kill Americans and their allies, civilians and military, is an individual duty of every Muslim who is able", I believe he means it.  He does not just hate westerners, but Americans, and his attacks on "allies" are more aimed at making them not our allies than because of dislike, as note his recent "truce offering" to Europe.  As another example, it is America and America alone which Iran calls the Great Satan; Iran meanwhile has good relations with European countries such as Germany.

 * I see, and this may be a stickier point, this coming from the left as well. America is attacked for not signing Kyoto and being environmentally "irresponsible" while China's rivers run pink.  America is protested for not giving enough money to African AIDS research.  America alone is attacked for "not doing more" during the Holocaust.  America is criticized for having had good relations with Iraq, while criticized for not having good relations with Cuba.  And so on.  This may be a different sort of prejudice, but in a self-reinforcing way it creates a vicious circle of hatred for America.

 * Again, it's hard to believe that everyone completely separates passions about the government with feelings about the people, especially since they are related. You seem to think all non-Americans do separate them, while Americans (who are, e.g., anti-French) do not.  Obviously, I find this "American uniqueness" unbelievable.  (Indeed, it almost seems anti-American.)

 * I hope this helps understand my perspective on the article in question. I also want to say I appreciate your constructive tone, having had so many trying experiences on this project.  V V  19:10, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Heeb, etc.
Hey pir, thanks for the kind words. I've never been around so many closet racists, anti-semites and homophobes as I have been here. It's unnerving but I guess I'm getting used to it. In regards to Heeb, I've only read one issue (the back issues are expensive to buy). But they're not secular, not in the sense of like Socialist Zionism or the Jewish Bund. They're kind of like a counterculture movement within all of Judaism. They cover Orthodox Jews to Reform, to Queer. All of the subjects are basically united by their status as fringe within the entire Jewish community. They're definately not anti-Zionist, they're just anti-Occupation and pretty much Likud. They also don't really espouse a political ideology (hardly anyone serious does these days, ideology is dead). They're progressive. Howd you come across the Heeb entry on Wiki? StoptheBus18 19:57, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Gentile Heebism, perhaps
Im glad you agree. Ive been wanting to make this guideline a policy for a long time now. Back in the old days it was simply assumed that Uncle Ed would come down from the mailing list to radiate his (((soothing))) vibe. But, now things are moving along a little too quickly, and the policy procedure has to have the steps in place. They already are there, but while the page is protected, sysop moderates should feel free to amend make changes to the article, dealing with the issues discussed on the talk by the partisans. This would give some gradiations to the page protection policy that limit the talk a little bit, and state out front the role of mediators to implement changes quickly, so that we dont just write really nice, long, talk pages, and still wind up arguing over the article in two weeks anyway. ;) More or less permanent page protections could be implemented for the really flashpoint articles (there have been a few pages kept protected for a while.) This would mean an augmentation of the WP:PP policy to have protected pages without the currently required header. Ah, wiki policy... social engineering with a quick and wide feedback response curve. :) -SV 03:05, 2004 Jul 21 (UTC)

Wikipedia Letzebuerg
Sali Pir, Hues de keng Loscht mir bei der LUX-Editioun vun Wikipedia ze hellefen ? Du fenns se ennert http://lb.wikipedia.org an bis lo ass nach quasi nix do. Daat eenzegt waat ech gemaach hun ass eemol d'Haaptsait. Ech ging mech opallefall freen.

Briséis

Animal sex
Hi GBWR. I thought you might be interested in this. Two new users (LiveNude and FT2) are praising the virtues of Zoophilia. See especially LiveNude's user page. I wasn't quite sure how to react, as the ethics here are much more complicated than with paedophilia. I'm getting really confused with all this! pir 17:45, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, no time, protecting animals by being a vegetarian is all I can do at the moment. Get-back-world-respect 23:51, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

--

Prisons and forced Slave labour
Hi Pir,

You left a message on my user talk. Thanks for your kind words. The passage dealing with prison and slavery for the article on slavery was written based on a very strong movement across countries which most people call as prison slavery. The movement is strong in Britain and other parts of the world.

Here are a few links some of which are more neutral than others. However you can go through all of them, to get a complete view of the validity of the term and its current social context.

http://www.thewinds.org/1996/12/modern_slavery.html (prison slavery in the United States)

http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/mt/mt11labor.html (maoists international movement against prison slavery)

http://www.enrager.net/hosted/caps/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=241 (campaign against prison slavery in Britain)

http://www.prisonactivist.org/crisis/labor-of-doing-time.html (essay on prison slavery by Julie Brown)

http://www.geocities.com/youth4sa/prisonlabor.html (prison slave labour factories)

http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WageSlave (wage slave)

http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/news/china130801.htm (slave labour on increase in China)

http://www.sundayherald.com/40864 (sunday herald slavery news)

http://www.clearharmony.net/articles/200406/20434.html (slave labour in china's forced labour camps)

http://www.veggies.org.uk/news/bullet04a.htm (slave labour in britain)

Deleting a text because it could be controversial is but the greatest threat to the very idea of a wikipedia. There are several other high quality encyclopedias in the world that are well researched and well written. However these hard copies being official versions leave out a lot of controversial topics and also have to take a lot of permissions from several sovereign states for official approval. The wikipedia is meant to be a repository of knowledge which otherwise would never have been expressed or known, without of course being compromised on authenticity. Else the wikipedia would turn out to be just another official version, and that would be a classic example of the waste of time of literally millions of people around the world.

Deleting a passage because it is not conforming to the official view is the worst form of POV and vandalism. In that several wikipedians engage in, without being realized and ironically even commended for it instead of being condemned for it. The issue here is pervasive and far reaching, and therefore such deleting should be stopped.

Since my passage was deleted by a well respected wikipedian, and since I do not believe in edit wars. I would please implore you to add whatever you feel is relevant and of NPOV. You can go through whatever I had written and the links that I have posted here and maybe write an even better passage on the relevant topic and with a more NPOV content. thank you --Robin klein 04:49, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

September 11, 2001
Hi Piv, like you say, let the people decide if there is some conspiracy going on, but fact is fact, thus far I see only fact on 911truth.org, and the name of the site and its mission also state that. You can't possibly claim that you are all 100% sure that everything on sept. 11 2001 were 'terrorist attacks', I'd say they were attacks alright, but the claim for them coming from so-called terrorists has never been proven. Knowing that, you should alter all mentions of these attacks where it says "9/11 terrorist attacks" or anything similar to that. Let the people themselves decide if they were terrorist attacks or not ;-) In my opinion more facts point to things being covered up than there are facts pointing to these attacks having to do with terrorists, but that's just me. By the way, have you ever tried using your cellular phone in a plane when it was at 12000 feet altitude? I recommend you do that... Julius 14:31, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Population genetics
Thanks for your offer! Palestinian and the second paragraph of Berber could both benefit from a geneticist's attention; I've sourced everything, but I'm not sure how well I've interpreted the evidence. - Mustafaa 20:29, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Administrators/Administrator Accountability Policy
On Wikipedia talk:Administrators/Administrator Accountability Policy you wrote: "The thing is that some people (no matter how respected they are in the first place) have and develop a taste for making use of their power against others."

You make an important point, and I wonder if you've had a chance to look at (and possibly vote on) the soon closing policy proposal Blocking policy/Personal attacks? -- orthogonal 07:08, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Trolls in Music
Cite for Grieg's quote posted on the Talk:Troll discussion page per your request -Thomas Veil
 * Just so you know, I had to change my nym. It seems there was already another Thomas Veil.  Thanks for your help on the Trolls page.  --Viriditas 02:27, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Kissinger
I thought your solution to the Kissinger page was an elegant compromise. VeryVerily does not seem to think so and continues to delete parts of the article, despite the efforts of at least 3 users.

LegCircus 21:41, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

Please don't edit the word terrorism
Please don't edit the word terrorism in the article Beslan hostage crisis until the issue is settled in the talk page --Gene s 17:07, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Vote against me
Thanks for explaining, Pir. I haven't been to the nomination page yet, did you put your reasoning there as well? Jayjg 23:39, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi Pir. In answer to your question, of course I wouldn't abuse my powers, and would be careful in their application; I take Wikipedia quite seriously, and my own integrity as well. Jayjg 02:23, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your support for my adminship, and for you many thoughtful comments. Jayjg 16:29, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

A picture
Pir hi. If you are really planning to write a page about the term occupation in Palestinian and Israeli society, here is a picture you might be able to use (warning: objectionable material). The picture was taken in the gay pride parade in Tel Aviv, 2003. The text in the big sign says "no pride in occupation" basically a criticism of the a-political celebrations of the gay parade while the occupation continues. (there's nothing special about 2003). Gadykozma 22:39, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, if you ever do pick this project up, I'll be glad to help. Gadykozma 00:25, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

?
"I noticed your unconventional views on Nazism before, and your tendency to misspell non-white religious/ethnic groups non-capitalized and with double oo."

 * What’s this about? My views in general are unconventional (esp. here on the wiki), not just in regards to Nazism. And so what if I misspell or forget to capitalize things on a talk page? What your referring to isn't even misspelling, it’s antiquated spelling. I happen to enjoy 19th century literature, and the traditional method of spelling words like "Hindu/Hindoo". I also happen to like double vowels as a general rule, and love, for example, the Dutch language. Why any of this is relevant enough to bring up in article talk is beyond me, but I suspect you had some sort of disparaging intent. Lets keep things intellectually honest; making unusual personal observations is not a necessary part of an efficient dialogue. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 10:27, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Why thank you, that was thoughtful. Do you think we might agree to disagree on this definition of racism thing, and simply leave the article as is, presenting both uses of the term? I think its probably pretty obvious to both of us that each of our respective definitions is in use widely enough to merit mention. Sam [Spade] 11:48, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

See User_talk:Sam_Spade. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 12:46, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi pir -- I've left a message on Talk:Racism as well. Since there is clearly not agreement on the definition of racism, it seems very reasonable and NPOV (IMHO) to use a major dictionary's current full definition at the beginning, rather than a slight paraphrasing of the same dictionary's definition from 78 years ago (cf. our previous discussion). I propose leaving the 2002 Webster's definition until we can reach agreement about a definition. I added in the part that VV finds POV months ago (and I note here that most African Americans agree with the definition as I had left it, so it's definitely not a "native/non-native speaker" divide, as VV has claimed), so clearly the Webster's definition isn't my idea of what racism is, so I hope that all can see this as a compromise. Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 14:36, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Re:
See WP:RfC. Its fairly simple, and while it doesn't necessarilly always work, there is also WP:RfAR. See Requests for arbitration/172, where I am currently having an admin arbitrated. If you look into things, you will find that my angriest critics are admins who I have taken to task, and that I have been demanding accountability thruout. That is one POV w both share strongly. Sam [Spade] 17:06, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Sam Spade sysop vote
You may wish to weigh in at Requests_for_adminship/Sam_SpadeAndyL 17:43, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

RFC: IZAK
Please check [Requests_for_comment/IZAK]. If you agree with the complaint please add your sig to certify the basis for dispute (1 more sig is needed within 24 hours.) Thanks. HistoryBuffEr 02:43, 2004 Oct 6 (UTC)

Two
Hi Pir, thought you might be interested in [this] inelegant side-by-side solution to an issue dealing with intransigent conflict and two disputed versions. It's almost like the "two-state" solution - and I don't think it works for Wikipedia either. Alberuni 00:50, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Your book on Palestine
Pir, your remark below gave me food for thought:

 * ...write an article that manages to incorporate fair descriptions of the conflicting POVs into one single narrative. This would be very hard work ...

I think it would be longer than article-length. It really requires a book. There's another topic which is just as complex: Creationism vs. Darwinism. Larry Witham, a professional newspaper editor, wrote a book about the various points of view on this topic which comes rather close to Wikipedia's neutrality policy -- even though Witham is a devoted Unificationist.

 * By Design: Science and the Search for God ISBN 1893554643

We might be able to create a series of articles about the history of the region of Palestine, and about the various proposals and arguments for establishing sovereign states in the region. But it would be as much hard work as writing a book.

It wasn't until I read your comment this morning that I realized how much work this project is going to take. It makes the controversy over Augusto Pinochet seem rather small and simple. Hundreds of books have been written on the Arab-Israeli conflict. Can we condense these into one comprehensive article? ----Uncle Ed (Rod Poe) 13:20, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks (Communism)
Thanks for helping to counter the absurd fairy tale at Talk:Communism that capitalist police are avuncular defenders of justice whilst communist police are Satan personified. Shorne 02:22, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

No personal attacks
All right guys, from today 14. October 2:35:08am I'm removing all personal attacks on sight. I've had enough of them. pir 01:42, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Good luck. :-) Jayjg 20:10, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * By the way, along those lines, this might interest you: Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Alberuni Jayjg 20:12, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

User:GeneralPatton suggests that HistoryBuffer be taken to Arbitration
From User:IZAK: See Requests for comment/IZAK

''':Izak, from my own experience, I suggest you now take HistoryBuffEr straight to Arbitration, and demand he be banned from all articles concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. You have a great and compelling body of evidence against him. GeneralPatton 19:36, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)'''

Users are asked to please help set this in motion.

Pathetically, HistoryBuffer is now antagonizing more people at Holocaust denial examined, see the "history" of that page and the "revert wars" and other stuff at Talk:Holocaust denial examined IZAK 02:31, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC):

 * "This article contains an unsubstantiated assertion about the use of term "Zionist" by Holocaust deniers. The Zionist extremist and Palestine denier Jayjg keeps reverting any attempt to correct the false implication that anyone using the term "Zionist" is/could be a Holocaust denier, without supplying any evidence for the assertion. HistoryBuffEr 07:48, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)"

Jirate
You asked how it is that I have linked Jirate to Stormfront. In a thread on the Talk:Occupation_of_Palestine page, I observed that Jirate was posting a link to Deathmasters and claiming it was undisputed truth all the while ignoring his inability to verify the dubious references. I mentioned that I saw this site on the [ http://www.stormfront.org  /archive/t-96047 Stormfront White Nationalist Community] message forum, listed with a number of popular neo-nazi web sites. When I brought this up with Jirate, he did not attempt to deny it or bring up the fact that he may have found the link somewhere else. In response to my observation of Jirate's choice of link, he called Israelis, "vile people". What I find interesting, is that the only place I can find the link to Jirate's sources, is on the Stormfront message forum. The site gets very little traffic, and is linked to only a few sites. The site itself is hosted in Brazil, but registered in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Coincidence or not, this is same web host and location where neo-nazi holocaust revisionist and publisher [ http://www.stormfront.org  /forum/showthread.php?t=146455 Germar Rudolf] used to have his site published. I suggest that Rudolf or his associates maintain the deathmasters.com site. Finally, there is a real, concerted campaign by Stormfront to manipulate the Wikipedia. Many members of Stormfront have been quite open about their goals on Wikipedia, and you can find information [ http://www.stormfront.org  /forum/showthread.php?t=149686&highlight=wikipedia here]. If you look hard enough at the wiki, you can find them. As an example, the user who goes by the anonymous name of "Igor" on Talk:Jew is none other than [ http://www.stormfront.org  /forum/search.php?searchid=411786 Svyatoslav Igorevich], an active member of Stormfront. I admit that the link between Jirate and Stormfront is very tenuous, but it is a link nevertheless. --Viriditas 21:17, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * What I said in reference to your finding it on neo Nazi websites was That vile people will use vile actions to justify there views is not at all suprising., which is the complete opposite of what you have just said. I never said it was undisputed I said that 'you' had not disputed it, which you hadn't, you had disputed the title, but nothing else. goto http://www.altavista.com/ and search for 'israel massacre 1947'. I trust you do understand how to use a search engine.--Jirate 23:54, 2004 Oct 15 (UTC)
 * I accept your explanation and I apologize for my comments. I have removed my allegation from IZAK's talk page, and Pir is welcome to remove this section from his page as well.  If he chooses to do so, I will remove his comments from my talk page as well.  --Viriditas 09:04, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hi Pir. You're right, I'll cool it and discuss the edits. :). But I won't stop doing significant work on that article. Cheers. --style 05:31, 2004 Oct 19 (UTC)

--

ciao! greetings from Luxoland! peter

Ogg Theora Response
Hi Pir,

Yes, I created the Ogg Theora version myself. It was not the simplest process, because there is no application with integrated encoding support. As the origional file was WMV, first I had to decode that, and correct the frame rate. Then I could convert to a YUV stream, then from that I could convert to Ogg Theora.

I am using:

ibogg-1.1 libtheora-1.0alpha3 MPlayer september CVS

These are the commands I used:

$ mencoder shakinghands_high.wmv -ofps 30 -nosound -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -o donnald_mjpep.avi

$ mplayer -ao null -nosound -vo yuv4mpeg donnald_mjpep.avi

$ encoder_example -v 2 stream.yuv > 1983_Donald_Rumsfeld_meeting_Saddam_Hussein.ogg

Hope this helps, Cheers Now3d 13:41, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pir/archive1


text:
Talk:Boeing X-37

More about the thermal protection system please
Supposed X-37B uses TUFROC (=Toughened Unipiece Fibrous Oxidation Resistant Ceramic), but is that for the leading edges or the underside generally ? - Rod57 (talk) 12:16, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

Referencing frame
It states that the vehicle is "120% of the X-40". Meanwhile, the X-40 page says that it is a "80% scale model of the X-37" While both of these statements may be technically true, in combination, they form a loop. Should this be fixed? 174.93.14.130 (talk) 20:29, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

Chinese Reusable Spacecraft
The line "It was reported to weigh 48,000 lb (21.6 t), and be 29 feet (8.8 m) long" in the paragraph about the Chinese reusable spaceplane comes from a source which is clearly describing a different spacecraft entirely, a manned capsule as opposed to an unmanned spaceplane. I'd also appreciate some clarification about just which 'knowledgeable commentators' are arguing that the X-37 inspired the nebulously-described Chinese project. 64.50.95.2 (talk) 18:44, 10 April 2023 (UTC)

China's spaceplane (X-37b like)
https://spacenews.com/chinas-mystery-reusable-spaceplane-lands-after-276-days-in-orbit/ 69.14.161.85 (talk) 09:26, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

just two?
The photo caption says "The sixth X-37B". Presumably this is in prep for the sixth launch, which I guess would make it vehicle #1 (?) Someone who knows should clarify. Odd that these things don't have some more formal designation besides just 1 and 2. Gjxj (talk) 18:18, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes, more like 6th launch. The description on the image page lists OTV-6, so 6th mission overall. Thanks, -Fnlayson (talk) 19:23, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

X-37B engine not centered?
Is there an explanation somewhere that explains why the engine to not centered but shifted toward the starboard side? Daleshell (talk) 15:15, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

 * The engine appears centered in this OTV4 post landing image. The X-37B 3-view image may have an error in the rear view image. -Fnlayson (talk) 15:25, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boeing X-37


text:
20-Hydroxyecdysone

20-Hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone or 20E) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods. It is therefore one of the most common moulting hormones in insects, crabs, etc. It is also a phytoecdysteroid produced by various plants, including Cyanotis vaga, Ajuga turkestanica and Rhaponticum carthamoides where its purpose is presumably to disrupt the development and reproduction of insect pests. In arthropods, 20-hydroxyecdysone acts through the ecdysone receptor. Although mammals lack this receptor, 20-hydroxyecdysone affects mammalian biological systems. 20-Hydroxyecdysone is an ingredient of some supplements that aim to enhance physical performance. In humans, it is hypothesized to bind to the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) protein-coding gene.

Sources in arthropods
The primary sources of 20-hydroxyecdysone in larvae are the prothoracic gland, ring gland, gut, and fat bodies. These tissues convert dietary cholesterol into the mature forms of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. For the most part these glandular tissues are lost in the adult with exception of the fat body, which is retained as a sheath of lipid tissue surrounding the brain and organs of the abdomen. In the adult female the ovary is a substantial source of 20-hydroxyecdysone production. Adult males are left with, so far as is currently known, one source of 20-hydroxyecdysone which is the fat body tissue. These hormone producing tissues express the ecdysone receptor throughout development, possibly indicating a functional feedback mechanism.

Ecdysteroid activity in arthropods
An ecdysteroid is a type of steroid hormones in insects that are derived from enzymatic modification of cholesterol by p450 enzymes. This occurs by a mechanism similar to steroid synthesis in vertebrates. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulate larval molts, onset of puparium formation, and metamorphosis. Being that these hormones are hydrophobic, they traverse lipid membranes and permeate the tissues of an organism. Indeed, the main receptor of these hormone signals - the ecdysone receptor - is an intracellular protein.

Use as supplement
20-Hydroxyecdysone and other ecdysteroids are marketed as ingredients in nutritional supplements for various sports, particularly bodybuilding. A 2006 study looked for improvement in actual exercises performed and tested for improvements/increases in chemical indicators such as body composition and free/available testosterone and concluded that using 30 mg per day of 20-hydroxyecdysone administered orally did not significantly affect anabolic or catabolic responses to resistance training, body composition, or training adaptations. However, a number of earlier studies supported the anabolic effects of 20-Hydroxyecdysone. A more recent study conducted in 2019 by a team that included the Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine at the German Sport University Cologne, found that significantly higher increases in muscle mass were observed in participants dosed with ecdysterone, with significantly more pronounced increases in one-repetition bench press performance. The study was funded by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and demonstrated a significant dose-responsive anabolic effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone supplementation on athletes during resistance training. Furthermore, recent studies have elucidated that the mechanism of action of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on human muscle cells is relatively selective activation of the beta form of the estrogen receptor (ERβ), which is known to result in muscle hypertrophy.

Use as research tool
20-Hydroxyecdysone and other ecdysteroids are used in biochemistry research as inducers in transgenic animals, whereby a new gene is introduced into an animal so that its expression is under the control of an introduced ecdysone receptor. Adding or removing ecdysteroids from the animal's diet then gives a convenient way to turn the inserted gene on or off (see ecdysone receptor). At usual doses, 20-hydroxyecdysone appears to have little or no effect on animals that do not have extra genes inserted; it also has high bioavailability when taken orally, so it is useful for determining whether the transgene has been taken up effectively.

In 2024, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the a study on the efficacy of BIO101 (20-hydroxyecdysone) in treating obesity, focusing on muscle strength improvement in the lower limbs.

title: 20-Hydroxyecdysone


text:
Ernesto Bonino

Ernesto Pietro Bonino (16 January 1922 – 29 April 2008) was an Italian singer of pop and jazz standards whose peak of popularity was during the 1940s and 50s.

A native of Turin, Ernesto Bonino began his career in the late 1930s as a teenage singer in the lively club scene of his hometown. Another contemporary Turin performer, Fred Buscaglione, was also starting his singing occupation in the same fashion. Music impresario/conductor Carlo Prato, who had earlier promoted a Dutch sister act into the very popular Trio Lescano, heard Bonino and arranged an audition for him at the Italian state radio company EIAR. His broadcast debut came on 5 January 1941 with the song Tango Argentino. It was an instant success and other hits followed, including La Paloma, Se Fossi Milionario, La Famiglia Canterina (with Trio Lescano), A Zonzo, Musica Maestro, Il Giovanotto Matto, Ti Comprerò l'Armonica and Conosci Mia Cugina?. During the 1940s, Bonino, dubbed "Mister Swing", rivalled only Natalino Otto and Alberto Rabagliati in terms of popularity.

In 1947, two years after the end of World War II, he embarked on a long tour of Latin America, performing in Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba, where he and actress/singer Tina De Mola took Havana theatergoers by storm with their song Chinito chinita.

In 1952 Ernesto Bonino moved to the United States and realized his dream of singing jazz standards in the best clubs of New York City, Chicago and Miami. He made a brief comeback to Italy in 1955 for the Garinei and Giovannini musical comedy La Granduchessa e i camerieri (The Grand Duchess and the Valets). When the run was finished, he returned to the U.S. and remained until 1958. His sole participation in the renowned Sanremo Music Festival came in 1962, when he placed third with Gondolì, Gondolà, written by the duo Carosone-Nisa. After the contest, Carosone hired him for the European tour of his band.

After that successful tour, however, changing musical tastes slowly led to the fading of Bonino's popularity and, in 1986, he underwent a surgical procedure which resulted in the loss of his voice. By December 2000, when he was nearly eighty, the state recognized his artistic merit and contribution to Italian culture by granting him a special government life pension.

Ernesto Bonino was 86 years old when he died at the Giuseppe Verdi Retirement Home for Artists in Milan, where he had been residing since 23 April 2003.

title: Ernesto Bonino


text:
Talk:Riverside (house)

Fact?
"at the time it was considered the grandest and most ambitious house ever built on the island of Manhattan" The fact is, Riverside was the grandest and most ambitious house ever built on the island of Manhattan. If this assessment were in error, all the weaselling inserted would not save the sentence. A neutral point-of-view is never achieved by inserting "considered to be" into a flawed statement. --Wetman 15:56, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Images, pictures, call them what you like, but whatever you call them we need some visuals to document what was the grandest and most ambitious house ever built on the island of Manhattan.

Here's a start:
 * Article on Riverside, including pictures from nyc-architecture.com--TMH (talk) 07:10, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Images
Any available? 76.22.32.86 (talk) 21:18, 8 February 2011 (UTC) Proxy User
 * Availability is the question. Other Web sites show photos of the house but if they are still under copyright we need permission.  Jim.henderson (talk) 13:26, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Riverside (house)


text:
New Kowloon

New Kowloon is an area in Hong Kong, bounded to the south by Boundary Street, and to the north by the ranges of the Eagle's Nest, Beacon Hill, Lion Rock, Tate's Cairn and Kowloon Peak. It covers the present-day Kwun Tong District and Wong Tai Sin District, and northern parts of the Sham Shui Po District and Kowloon City District.

The name of this area is rarely used in day to day life. Areas that belongs to New Kowloon are usually referred to as part of Kowloon. However, in land leases, it is common to refer to land lots in lot numbers as "New Kowloon Inland Lot number #".

History
By the Convention of Peking in 1860, the territory of British-owned Kowloon was defined as area in Kowloon Peninsula south of a line which later became Boundary Street (known as Kowloon, inclusive of Stonecutter's Island), which was ceded by the Qing Empire (Ch'ing Empire, Manchu Empire) to the United Kingdom under the Convention.

On the other hand, the territory north of Boundary Street (later known as New Kowloon) remained part of Qing Empire until it was leased as part of the New Territories to the UK in 1898 for 99 years under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (also known as the Second Convention of Peking). The area of New Kowloon was defined in statutory law first in November 1900 (and referred to as such        ) and again in December 1937    For most part the northern boundary of the area was defined by the 500 feet (152 metres) contour. In practice, nevertheless, both the areas to the south and to the north of Boundary Street (i.e. both Kowloon and New Kowloon), from the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east to Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Lai Chi Kok Bay in the west, are collectively known as "Kowloon". For example, a postal address in Kwun Tong will identify "Kowloon" as its regional destination, even though it is technically in New Kowloon and not part of Kowloon as statutorily defined.

Current situation
In modern-day conversations, the term "New Kowloon" is now rarely heard in Hong Kong. New Kowloon is no longer regarded as part of the New Territories, but as a part of the Kowloon urban area beyond Boundary Street. Nevertheless, the legal definitions of Kowloon, New Kowloon and New Territories remain unchanged—New Kowloon has remained legally part of the New Territories instead of Kowloon. On 1 July 1997, the territories on both sides of Boundary Street (ceded and leased respectively) were transferred to China, along with the rest of Hong Kong.

However, the designation "New Kowloon" still has some legal implications. Almost all lands of Hong Kong are government land (known as crown land in Commonwealth countries and before 1997 in Hong Kong), while all crown leases (now known as government leases in Hong Kong) of New Kowloon and New Territories lands had been expired on 27 June 1997, but automatically extended up to 30 June 2047 due to the Sino-British Joint Declaration. This renewal implies that, all privately owned land leases of New Kowloon, has to pay government rent (crown rent in Commonwealth countries) as leases in the rest of the New Territories, and unlike the rest of the Kowloon. Most Kowloon land leases (Kowloon south of the Boundary Street) are not required to pay the government rent to the government, unless they are new leases, or are old leases having been renewed and such clauses have been inserted in the renewed lease contract.

The land reclaimed from the Kowloon Bay water body, such as Kai Tak, are also referred as part of New Kowloon in land leases, although these lots do not appear to be included in the 1937 map.

title: New Kowloon


text:
Yuri Mitsui

Yuri Mitsui (三井 ゆり), is a Japanese actress and model. She is also a race car driver. She was born in Chiba Prefecture.

Filmography

 * Futari no shiso gemu (Teeter totter for two / The see saw game), 1996, TV
 * Jaja uma narashi (Taming of the shrew), 1993

title: Yuri Mitsui


text:
HMS Newport

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Newport after the Welsh city of Newport:

 * HMS Newport (1694) was a 24-gun sixth rate captured by the French in 1694.
 * HMS Newport was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1695 as HMS Orford (1695). She was renamed HMS Newport in 1698 and was sold in 1718.
 * HMS Newport (1867) was a Philomel-class gunvessel wooden screw gunvessel launched in 1867 and completed in 1868 as a survey vessel. She was sold into civilian service in 1881 and was renamed Pandora.
 * HMS Newport (G54) was a Town-class destroyer transferred from the US Navy in 1940. She was lent to the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1941 and 1942 and then became an aircraft target ship in 1943. She was sold for scrapping in 1947.

title: HMS Newport


text:
User talk:MarkK

Hi Mark, Welcome to Wikipedia. I've moved your comment on the photo of the Basenji to the image information page (Image:Congo1.jpg). The image still needs a copyright tag, but I'm not sure which one to add. Do you mean that only Wikipedia can use the image, or do you intend that the image is released under the GFDL or another free licence? There is an explanation of the tags at Image copyright tags. Wikipedia only images are likely to be removed in time, as the goal is to provide content that can be used freely by anyone. It's great to have a photo of a differently coloured Basenji, I've only ever seen them in the tan. Welcome again -- sannse (talk) 16:01, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

NowCommons: Image:Congo1.jpg
Image:Congo1.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:Image:Congo Basenji.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 20:10, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkK


text:
Nemo dat quod non habet

Nemo dat quod non habet, literally meaning "no one can give what they do not have", is a legal rule, sometimes called the nemo dat rule, that states that the purchase of a possession from someone who has no ownership right to it also denies the purchaser any ownership title. It is equivalent to the civil (continental) Nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet rule, which means "one cannot transfer to another more rights than they have". The rule usually stays valid even if the purchaser does not know that the seller has no right to claim ownership of the object of the transaction (a bona fide purchaser); however, in many cases, more than one innocent party is involved, making judgment difficult for courts and leading to numerous exceptions to the general rule that aim to give a degree of protection to bona fide purchasers and original owners. The possession of the good of title will be with the original owner.

United States
In American law, a bona fide purchaser who unknowingly purchases and subsequently sells stolen goods will, at common law, be held liable in trover for the full market value of those goods as of the date of conversion. Since the true owner retains legal title, the seller is liable even in a chain of successive bona fide purchasers (i.e., the true owner can successfully sue the fifth bona fide purchaser in trover). However, the problem of successive bona fide purchasers can be remedied: If the jurisdiction recognises an implied warranty that the seller has title to the property (such as under Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)), then the bona fide purchaser can sue the seller for breach of that implied warranty. Courts of equity traditionally also recognise various other exceptions, likely giving rise to the idea embodied in the modern UCC.

This rule is exemplified in circumstances like the Holocaust reconciliation movement, where property, such as works of art, stolen or confiscated by the Nazis was returned to the families of the original owners. Anyone who purchased the art or thought they had ownership was denied any rights over the litigious property due to the nemo dat rule.

As mentioned earlier, the nemo dat rule has numerous exceptions. Legal tender, for example, does not adhere to the rule in certain circumstances. For example, if a rogue buys goods from a bona fide merchant, then that merchant will not have to return the bills to the true owner because holding the rule to be otherwise would disrupt the economy and prevent the free flow of goods. The same may be true of other "negotiable" instruments like cheques. If Alice, a thief, steals a cheque from Bob and sells it to innocent Charlie, then Charlie is entitled to deal with the cheque, and Bob cannot claim it back from Charlie (though the name appearing on the cheque may affect the validity of such a transfer).

Another matter is the transfer of other legal rights normally granted by ownership. In 2011, a US District judge ruled that a woman who had purchased a stolen laptop could sue a device tracking company for invasion of privacy stemming from recording software installed on the laptop to facilitate its recovery after being stolen. This ruling demonstrated that bona fide purchasers are entitled to some rights by virtue of possession alone, or that nemo dat is superseded by the bona fide purchaser's right to privacy.

Recording statutes
When dealing with real property, most American jurisdictions have codified recording statutes that will enable subsequent purchasers to divest title from the party with common law title if they qualify for protection under the recording statute. Three varieties of recording statutes exist: 1) race statutes, 2) notice statutes, and 3) race-notice statutes.

A race statute will divest common law title from a person with superior title if the subsequent purchaser recorded their deed prior to the person with superior title. A notice statute will divest common law title from a person with superior title if the subsequent purchaser had no notice (either actual or constructive – otherwise known as bona fide) of the true owner's title. A race-notice statute requires a subsequent purchaser to be bona fide and record first.

English law
The original owner can obtain protection against the former owner through the doctrine of estoppel (see also, s 21(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 "unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller's authority to sell"). Methods of the estoppel can be by words, by conduct, or by negligence.

Estoppel by words, or representation by the original owner through words that he is the true owner or has the owner's authority to sell:

 * Henderson & Co v Williams [1895] 1 QB 521
 * Shaw v Commissioner of Metropolitan Police [1987] 1 WLR 1332, following Henderson

Estoppel by conduct:
 * Farquharson Bros v C King & Co Ltd [1902] AC 325
 * Mercantile Bank of India Ltd v Central Bank of India [1938] AC 287, upholding Farquharson
 * Central Newbury Car Auctions Ltd v Unity Finance Ltd [1957] 1 QB 371

Mistake about identity:

 * Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson [2003] UKHL 62

Sales in open markets
In the eighteenth century at the time of William Blackstone, sales in an open market were an exception to the nemo dat principle in English law.

However, after the growth in the UK of car boot sales led to opportunities for rogues to "fence" stolen property, the Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1994 abolished the "market overt" exception to the nemo dat rule in 1995.

Leases
In the case of Bruton v London Quadrant Housing Trust [2000] 1 AC 406, Lord Hoffman created an exception to the rule in relation to the granting of a leasehold estate in land. It is possible, though this is controversial, for a mere licensee to create a tenancy if the hallmarks of a tenancy are present. This means that the holder of a lesser right (i.e. the licensee, which is not an estate in land) can create a larger right, an estate even.

Scots law
As in the United States, banknotes in Scotland are an exception to the rule. This issue arose in the 1749 case of Crawfurd v The Royal Bank, where title to a banknote issued by the Bank of Scotland that had gone missing in the post and found in the possession of the Royal Bank of Scotland was disputed.

title: Nemo dat quod non habet


text: Category:Herkimer County, New York

title: Category:Herkimer County, New York


text:
Ussuri Cossacks

Ussuri Cossack Host (Уссури́йское каза́чье во́йско) was a Cossack Host in  Imperial Russia, located in Primorye south of Khabarovsk along the Ussuri River, the Sungari River, and around the Khanka Lake.

History
The Ussuri Cossack Host was created in 1889 on the basis of an unmounted half-battalion of the Amur Cossack Host and later reinforced with settlers from the Don Cossack Host, Kuban Cossack Host, and other Cossack hosts. The Ussuri Cossack Host headquarters was first located in Vladivostok and then in Iman (now Dalnerechensk). Its nakazny ataman (who was also the military governor of the region) subordinated to the Governor General of the Amur region, who, in turn, was the nakazny ataman of the Amur and the Ussuri Cossack Hosts.

Organisation and role
The Ussuri Cossacks possessed 6740 km² of land. In 1916, they numbered 39,900 people in six stanitsas, which comprised 76 settlements. In times of peace, the Ussuri Cossacks supplied one cavalry battalion (300 men) and one platoon. The Ussuri Cossack Host was used for border patrol, postal and police service. It participated in the Russo-Japanese War. During the World War I, the Ussuri Cossacks supplied one cavalry regiment (600 men), one cavalry battalion, one platoon of guards, and six special sotnyas (total of 2,514 men). Most of the Ussuri Cossack Host took the side of the White movement during the Russian Civil War. The majority of Cossacks joined Ataman Ivan Kalmykov’s Cossack detachment, whilst the other’s joined Ataman Semyonov’s OMO (Special Manchurian Detachment).

Modern
The Ussuri Cossack Host was disbanded in 1922. It was re-established in 1990, although not as an administrative unit of any sort.

Distinctions
The distinguishing colour of the Ussuri Cossack Host was yellow. This was the color of the cap bands, epaulettes and wide trouser stripes of a green uniform of the loose-fitting cut common to all the Steppe Cossack Hosts. Individual regiments were distinguished by numbers on the epaulettes. Lambs-wool hats (papakha) were worn on occasion with yellow cloth tops. From 1907 on, light khaki blouses (Gymnastyorka|gimnasterka) summer blouses were adopted to replace the white shirt-tunics previously worn. The blue/grey breeches with yellow stripes continued to be worn through World War I.

title: Ussuri Cossacks


text:
Talk:Audra Lynn

Is it relevant that she is a Republican? For example, does she openly campaign on behalf of the Republican Party? Or is this just a bit of electioneering? Deb 16:08, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Untitled

 * Looks like mostly because she was a red-link on List of Republican celebrities. :/ Niteowlneils 02:30, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

VfD
This article has survived VfD. The archived debate can be found here. --Slowking Man 00:32, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

PLEASE REMOVE THIS URGENTLY.
 * Please see Pornography and What_Wikipedia_is_not for info on Wikipedia's policies and guidelines with respect to nudity on the site. If you would like to take it down, you have every opportunity that everyone else does to remove it or change it to another image that you feel is more suitable.  Also, in my own opinion, the picture is not "disgusting" afterall it's just a picture containing a breast.
 * An anonymous user removed the image from the article citing the Children's Internet Protection Act as cause. According to our own article on the subject, the Act doesn't limit the content of a web site, only that schools and libraries must have filtering technology to keep children from seeing such images.  If the anon. user intends to start deleting links to images, I suggest they take it up on the talk page for Disclaimer or some such more visited area of Wikipedia where discussions about what is allowed on Wikipedia and what is not would be more appropriate. For if the Children's Internet Protection Act is to be the basis of a Wikipedia-wide change then the discussions should be held where more of the community would find the discussion, i.e. not the talk page of some lesser known Playboy Playmate. Dismas|(talk) 05:33, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Response from Audra?
The following was posted by User:206.10.12.171 as a new article, This is Audra Lynn. I guess it belongs here: ''I agree that the picture should be taken down and is a horrible picture. No child should ever run into saomething like that on your site. As to the Republican question, yes I vote and I am mostly Republican. I will however vote for whomever I think will get the job done right! I hope all of you enjoy my upcoming work away from playboy. I have several great rolls ahead for movies and have been on Frasier and Mad T.V. I no longer do any nude work. Feel free to email me anytime at missoct2003@hotmail.com Love Always, Audra Lynn'' Owen× ☎  00:02, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Audra Lynn


text:
Talk:Ohio county government

Names of Offices
I altered "county prosecutor" to "Prosecuting attorney" as that is the formal name of the office even though in common parlance everyone calls him "county prosecutor." See Ohio Revised Code chapter 309, especially 309.01, for the name of the office. PedanticallySpeaking 16:09, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)

Naming convention
I've proposed a standard form for naming articles on Ohio school districts: Naming conventions (Ohio school districts), which could easily be extended to apply to districts in other states. I'd welcome some feedback on this. PedanticallySpeaking 16:39, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ohio county government


text:
User:Paullaw

I'm a computer programmer (AS/400 RPGILE) who works and resides in Brooklyn, NY, USA.

I live in the same house I came to from the hospital when I was born in 1947.

I've become part of a local Community Emergency Response Team.

A previous employer, for whom I worked for 18 years, allowed me to save up my vacation so every few years I would spend a month visiting my friend in Sydney and traveling throughout Australia.

I also made a one-month bike trip in southern China in 1984.

Hence my entries in Wikipedia reflecting my interest in Australia and China.

Other interest include:

 * Backyard Beekeeping
 * Reading science fiction and mysteries.
 * Riding my BikeE recumbent bicycle on the weekends with the Five Borough Bike Club.
 * Kite flying.
 * More then occasional imbibing of fine microbrew beers.
 * Rescuing, neutering and caring for the odd stray street cat.

title: User:Paullaw


text:
Denis Smith

Denis Smith may refer to:

 * Denis Smith (English cricketer) (1907–1979), played Test cricket for England
 * Denis Smith (footballer, born 1947), English football player and manager
 * Denis Smith (footballer, born 1932) (1932–2004), English football player
 * Denis Smith (West Indian cricketer) (born 1991), West Indian cricketer from Grenada
 * Denis Mack Smith (1920–2017), English historian

Fictional characters

 * Denis Nayland Smith, introduced in the series of novels Dr. Fu Manchu by English author Sax Rohmer

title: Denis Smith


text: Category:Geo (automobile)

title: Category:Geo (automobile)