text:
Template talk:Cfd

Opening comment
Content of the cfd template is presently discussed at Wikipedia talk:Categories for deletion phrases --Francis Schonken 11:11, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Or at least it was, half a year ago :) Radiant_ >|< 12:42, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

2007 January 1

 * See: Wikipedia_talk:Categories_for_discussion. -- ProveIt (talk) 15:23, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Moved documentation
Hi, I've moved the documentation from this Talk page to the Template:Cfd/doc subpage, as recommended in Template doc page pattern. Please edit the template to:

 This category is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's Categories for Discussion policies. This does not mean that any of the articles in the category will be deleted. They may, however, be recategorized. Please share your thoughts on the matter at this category's entry on the Categories for Discussion page. Please do not empty the category or remove this notice while the discussion is in progress. [ add entry] '{{subst:cfd2||text=Your reason(s) for the proposed deletion. ~ }}'

There is also some comments in this source code that may not be relevant anymore (I don't know first hand) so it could be removed. Thanks. +mwtoews 17:31, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * That version doesn't work...try it. — Mets501 (talk) 19:46, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. --CBD 22:47, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Add Delete to the copy-and-paste text
The text given to copy-and-paste is different to the text given on the instruction page. Specifically, it misses out Delete - the result is you may end up not specifying what kind of change you wish to make on the log page (although it should be obvious from the context). greenrd 14:26, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Policy link
editprotected

The link to the policy can be updated to Wikipedia:Categories for Discussion policies for simplicity and to avoid unnecessary redirects. - Fayenatic london (talk) 17:46, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Done (bypassing the redirect and correcting the capitalisation in the link's display text). --ais523 17:52, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Piped link, grammar
→  Melsaran  (talk) 19:21, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I have changed it to  to avoid the redirect. Thanks, mattbr 21:58, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Minor modification
The categories for renaming and the category for deletion are grouped together. When going through the list to vote, it it sometimes confusing which process is taking place for each nomination. I noticed that the nominations for renaming have a line that states just that: Propose renaming. I think we should added (in the corresponding place) a line that says "Propose deleting" on the deletion template. I would have gone on and done it, but I'm not an admin.--Esprit15d 13:27, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Purpose proposal
Can i direct people to Wikipedia talk:Categories for discussion? Simply south (talk) 02:18, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Propose to add notification template to banner text
I copied the text below from Template:AfDM (sub-template for Template:AfD). I would like something of this kind added to the template so that editors and appropriate WikiProjects or other applicable forums may be notified of CFD's:
 * Please consider notifying the [ author(s)] by placing {{subst:adw|}} ~~~~ on their talk page(s).

__meco (talk) 07:08, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * That would not work because adw will create links to AfD automatically, which is inappropriate here as the correct venue is WP:CFD. Those links will not work as I tried to show by below example:
 * example start

AfD nomination of Category:This is a category
An article that you have been involved in editing, Category:This is a category, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Category:This is a category. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice?  So Why  11:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * example end
 * As you can see, it does not address the needs of CfD which does not have separate sub-articles for each nomination but uses dated pages. Also, adw adds the signature automatically, so the ~ are not needed.
 * You need to create a new template, possibly cdw, which allows the one adding to add the date and automatically links to the section of the category on the CfD-article for this date. Once you have done so, please request the edit again. Regards  So Why  11:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * We could probably use cfdnotice or Cfd-notify ? __meco (talk) 12:18, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Delete
Please redirect this template to cfd1, which is set-up for the new process. Thanks, MrKIA11 (talk) 14:15, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose CSD. See also WT:CFD. - jc37 04:44, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I've disabled the edit-protected request for speedy deletion as it seems beyond its scope, and there is a distinct lack of consensus. The template is still widely linked from policy pages for example. Please get some consensus. -- zzuuzz (talk) 22:17, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Remove need for subst
I propose that we change the format of the template to obviate the need for substitution, which is a nasty and inefficient way of ensuring that the by-day log link remains constant. The simplest way is simply to change the link to Categories for discussion/All current discussions, which is the method used by. Comments? Happy‑melon 16:49, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

 * If it's possible, and essentially does the same thing, sounds good to me. (That and it makes it simpler in use by the uninitiated, and those of us who forget from time to time : ) - jc37 01:04, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * If feasible, I would prefer if, in some way, the "permalink" (with CfD date) could be read off from the template, say as a parameter, in a machine-readable fashion. (Currently that's not the case.) Links to "All current discussions" will of course become stale over time, which is not a problem for the template as such, but not favorable if one wants to save a link to the discussion, which e.g. this bot would like to do. --B. Wolterding (talk) 18:02, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't it be easiest to check the revision in which the template was added? It's unlikely to be very far back in the history, and certainly no more than seven days :D. Passing the date as a parameter is possible, of course, but is extra work and a change to the syntax that everyone who uses the template will have to get used to... Happy‑melon 18:18, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * It's a possibility (though I'd rather use the timestamp of the category entry than browse the past revisions). But in any case, it's not too stable. If the tag is removed by accident or vandalism, and then re-added, the link will be wrong. Keeping track of the link works for AfD and MfD, why not for CfD? --B. Wolterding (talk) 10:13, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree that having a stable link within the wikitext on the page is preferable and more stable. What about requiring the timestamp to be passed as a parameter then? We have two options: one, simply edit  to display an error message if no parameter is given.  Second, move the code to actually display the message to another template and convert  into a wrapper template that, when substituted, adds a properly-formatted template call to the main template.  The downside of that is that we have to move the main code to a less informative title.  I'm in favour of the former as it's cleaner and easier to make into a XfD-wide standard.  If we perpetuate the substitution method, CfD, MfD and AfD remain using a different process to TfD, IfD, RfD, SfD, PROD and CSD.  Shall I construct an example? Happy‑melon 17:33, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I suppose that the two alternatives you mention amount to the user typing, either: or similar, or:  (which would substitute to CfDM or similar, with parameters). The second option seems simpler to me, but that's more a question of usability. On the technical side, I would be fine with either of the two. --B. Wolterding (talk) 18:30, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I would use  and let the template do the work of extracting the year, month and day. Using five tildes to insert a timestamp is something that users are already familiar with, so it shouldn't be too much of a change.  Happy‑melon 18:44, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Why, yes, that's fine for me as well. --B. Wolterding (talk) 18:55, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I have coded up an example at Template:Cfd/sandbox. Any comments would be appreciated; try playing around in Special:ExpandTemplates with various combinations of parameters and substitution, and tell me what you think.  Happy‑melon 18:50, 23 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Good solution, seems OK for me; though I didn't do extensive tests. --B. Wolterding (talk) 16:51, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

Reverting the change. It is broken. I suggest that this be tested before it is implemented and maybe announced at WP:CFD. Vegaswikian (talk) 20:29, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Broken how? Please be more specific; we can't fix it if we don't know how it is broken. Happy‑melon 08:51, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

I have problems with this, and I wish I had seen it sooner. First, linking to CFD/AllCurrentDiscussions doesn't work, because frequently there are discussions that go longer than five days, and the links won't work. Second, if you are going to require a timestamp to be added (and an error given if it is not), there is no difference in the amount of work than requiring it to be subst'ed. Finally, if you are going to use the CFD template as a wrapper, it needs to be subst'ed anyway, so why go through the extra steps of the wrapper? That said, I'm in favor of making this easier to use, but not with the current problems. --Kbdank71 22:13, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
 * The issue is not one of "more work"; as you correctly note any method of getting this template to display correctly on pages at all times requires a roughly constant amount of 'work'. It's the other advantages of substitution, most prominently the ability to use Special:WhatLinksHere, that mean substitution should be avoided except where it is necessary.  There shouldn't be links to /AllCurrentDiscussions in a properly formatted template. I'm not sure what you're referring to when you talk about "wrappers", I don't believe the final proposal involved a 'wrapper' such as is used at, say, AfD ( and ). Happy‑melon 08:51, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

Have all XfD be substituted and link to the actual page of discussion
Please participate in the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Deletion discussions. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 07:12, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Code Update
editprotected Could a templatey administrator replace all cases of

with

and remove

at Template:Cfd? Thanks.  Set Sail For The Seven Seas   20° 51' 45" NET   01:23, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Did the first. Can you explain why we should remove the Pp-template? עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 06:16, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
 * It's redundant to the template documentation, which already includes the template. Having it there is pointless. Thanks.  Set Sail For The Seven Seas   231° 48' 30" NET   15:27, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Huh?
How do I use this template? I just want to put a tag on a category that I think is pointless. I don't how to use templates. Is there a simple list I can add a link to? 69.125.134.86 (talk) 01:11, 29 April 2013 (UTC)

"Please do not empty the category"
I feel like that message in the template is very one-sided. It allows people to mass-add pages to a category while it's at CfD, but not to mass-delete them. This doesn't seem right. Either the "don't empty the category" language needs to be dropped, or there needs to be language in this template discouraging mass-adding to a category in the midst of a CfD. p b  p  17:58, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 8 August 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: WP:SNOW Not moved (non-admin closure) — Andy W.  ( talk  · ctb) 18:22, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

– Needless brevity. All of these are contested technical requests. P p p e<big style="position:relative;top:10px">r y <big style="position:relative;top:5px">(talk) 23:37, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Template:Cfd → Template:Category for deletion
 * Template:Cfr → Template:Category for renaming
 * Template:Cfm → Template:Category for merging
 * Template:Cfs → Template:Category for splitting
 * Template:Cfs full → Template:Category for splitting/dated
 * Template:Cfm full → Template:Category for merging/dated
 * Template:Cfr full → Template:Category for renaming/dated
 * Template:Cfd full → Template:Category for deletion/dated
 * Oppose these are long-established names, and the first four are used as etc. so renaming is pointless. -- Red rose64 (talk) 14:40, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I think you mean the last four, not the first four. P p p e<big style="position:relative;top:10px">r y  <big style="position:relative;top:5px">(talk) 14:45, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * No I mean the first four. It's, , , - I should know, I've sent enough cats to WP:CFD in the past. -- Red rose64 (talk) 15:33, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry. In any case, why does rthe fact that a template is being substituted argue against renaming it? P p p e<big style="position:relative;top:10px">r y  <big style="position:relative;top:5px">(talk) 15:42, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Because only the code will remain after the substitution, not the name. As I replied to you on WP:TFD as well. Debresser (talk) 17:01, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * ... which is why I am also proposing moving the transcended templates too (the last four). P p p e<big style="position:relative;top:10px">r y  <big style="position:relative;top:5px">(talk) 17:06, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I have a question. In recent weeks, I've come across you on several pages like this, asking for changes to established practices (in some cases making those changes yourself without discussing first). Looking at your contributions, I see that you registered in April, but within weeks you were making large changes to various non-article pages (some of which were templates), and now you are asking for changes to the discussion process for reasons that are not really apparent to the rest of us. My question is this: did you ever edit Wikipedia before April 2016, under any other name? If so, what was that name? -- Red rose64 (talk) 19:30, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * No, this is my first account. I edited under an IP address before, making mostly minor changes. 19:33, 9 August 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pppery (talk • contribs)
 * Oppose - we want deletion tag names to be brief, to make users be less likely to make mistakes. I see no reason to expand them, and I sose a reason not to. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 02:55, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose – No benefits to the change, and borderline disruptive proposal. — JFG talk 15:15, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose – per --  Begoon   talk  16:03, 10 August 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Removing members during a CfD discussion
Continuing from Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents 05:30, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

But what if there is some compelling urgent reason to do so, to remove one of more of the membership. The categorisation produces a BLP-violating bottom notice on an article, for example.
 * The template say: "Please do not empty the category or remove this notice while the discussion is in progress".

I suggest altering the that text to including a hyperlinked note to another page that reads: "If category members absolutely must be removed from the category, record their removals at the top of the CfD discussion.  Knowledge of the membership at the time of nomination may be crucial for information of later participants to the discussion"  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 05:30, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I would support that.
 * Is there anything other than BLP which might justify such removals? Otherwise I'd make the exception more specific such as, "If category members absolutely must be removed from the category under WP:BLP, ..." Andy Dingley (talk) 10:12, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
 * This suggested change is reasonable. I don't think being specific about the location of the note is necessary. --Izno (talk) 03:48, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Agree with these thoughts. However, I would rather incorporate it in the main text, possibly in small font, but not hyperlinked to another page. And it should also be added to the text at WP:CFD. By the way, another reason for immediately removing articles from categories, as mentioned at WP:CFD, is because of vandalism. Marcocapelle (talk) 10:48, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Definitely a reasonable proposal, but I agree with Marcocapelle that the additional language should be incorporated in the notice itself. I think the language also needs to be updated to apply to depopulation that does not leave the category empty—e.g. if I remove 90% of a category's membership, I have depopulated it but not emptied it. Therefore, I suggest something along the lines of: Please do not depopulate the category (except to reverse vandalism or remove contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced) or remove this notice while the discussion is in progress. -- Black Falcon (talk) 02:49, 21 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree with these responses. Izno, some specific edit to a protected template will be needed. —SmokeyJoe (talk) 03:18, 21 January 2018 (UTC)
 * There are other situations where removing an entry from the category is appropriate. The statement is designed to tell users not to start getting ready to delete the category, or create situations which would make deletion more likely, before the discussion is closed. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 13:41, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

Reinstate Type parameter
Please see Requested_templates. – Fayenatic  L ondon 09:21, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

Proper category handling when relisting discussions
Hi, I've made some changes to Cfd/sandbox, Cfd full/sandbox and Module:Cfd/sandbox to make sure the monthly maintenance categories (such as Category:Categories for discussion from December 2019) stay the same after relisting by introducing new parameters startmonth and startyear. The templates can be used exactly as normally and the changes has been tested at Category:X3. For more information see Wikipedia_talk:XFDcloser which prompted these changes and if no one objects I will sync these changes in a few days. ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 23:42, 16 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ now implemented for the cfd, cfm, cfs, cfl and cfr template families please tell me if I missed any. ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 21:49, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

Convert Template:Cfs to Module:Cfd
Hi, the cfs family of templates currently use cfd full instead of Module:Cfd like all the others. Is there a reason for this or was it just missed when doing the conversion? ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 21:52, 2 January 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 11:11, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , how do you feel about doing the same for cfc? I can probably pull it off but lua isn't my speciality. ~  Amory  (u • t • c) 18:10, 31 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , sure. Will do shortly. ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 20:37, 1 February 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ ‑‑Trialpears (talk) 14:12, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

The module has dropped a line-break somehow
The output is now crammed together, e.g.: Add entry: CfrAdministrators: Click here to rename.. There actually appears to be soft line-breaking in this output, but it is not rendering with a visual line-break before "Administrators" in the browser. I could probably go fix this (probably with instead of  markup), but I don't mess with Lua much, and it's easy to break stuff if you're not steeped in Module behavior. I tend to constrain my TE gnoming to wiki-template code. :-)  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  15:34, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Cfd


text:
Talk:Count Fenring

Untitled
I just did a massive rewrite and expansion of this character, my favourite in the series. The last paragraph is almost identical to the original stub, but everything else has been rewritten.

There were three sources. The original novel by Frank Herbert is the primary source and the two secondary sources were the Dune Encyclopedia and the Preludes to Dune, both of which claim to using Frank Herbert's original notes for sources.

While this is probably no longer a stub, I still think there is more to be added and will be returning to the article.

--BenM 11:12, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)BenM

Margot Fenring
I would like more information about Margot Raslino-Zea. I know she was a Bene Gesserit that married Hasimir Fenring. I also know that she had a child with Feyed-Rautha Harkonnen. This child is not mentioned after it's conception in DUNE. Did she go to Salusa Secundus with Fenring and Shaddam IV? Thanks. ssg
 * The article Margot Fenring contains all info about her given in the original series (she is actually only mentioned in Dune), although the prequel sections are incomplete. The fates of Margot and her child after the events of Dune are never noted by Herbert, though the non-canon Dune Encyclopedia contains an extensive biography and states that she did go to Salusa. TAnthony 21:45, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hasimir Fenring. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110429101454/http://www.duneinfo.com/unseen/jodorowsky.asp to http://www.duneinfo.com/unseen/jodorowsky.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:55, 31 October 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Count Fenring


text:
Richard Church (poet)

Richard Thomas Church CBE (26 March 1893 – 4 March 1972) was an English writer, poet and critic; he also wrote novels and verse plays, and three volumes of autobiography.

Early life
Church was born on 26 March 1893 in Battersea, in south-east London. He went to Dulwich Hamlet School in Dulwich. The second son of Thomas John Church and Lavina Annie Orton Church. His mother was distantly related to the novelist George Eliot but kept quiet about this because of her bohemian lifestyle. His father was a sorter for the General Post Office and his mother was a schoolteacher who suffered ill-health and died in 1910 when he was only seventeen. After leaving school at sixteen, he started work as a clerk in the Customs and Excise branch of the Civil Service. In his first volume of autobiography he recounts the physicality of his father, the intelligence of his mother, his resourceful older brother, privations, and the difficult relationship of his ill-matched parents.

His first book of poems, The Flood of Life, was published in 1917 when he was 24, but he remained in the Civil Service until 1933, when he left to write full-time at the age of 40.

Career
Church became a respected journalist and reviewer, and wrote extensively on country matters. His first poetry appeared in Robert Blatchford's Clarion, and he contributed verse to periodicals for the rest of his life.

His first post as a literary editor was with the New Leader, organ of the Independent Labour Party. He was director of the Oxford Festival of Spoken Poetry during the 1930s. His much-anthologised World War I poem "Mud" first appeared in Life and Letters, January 1935.

The first volume of Church's autobiography, Over the Bridge (1955), was awarded the Sunday Times Prize for Literature while the novelist Howard Spring described it as "the loveliest autobiography written in our time," pointing out that the writer had "found life full of enchantment, and how not the least of its enchantments was its challenge." The second volume, The Golden Sovereign, appeared in 1957. That year Church was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

Mystical experience
While young, Church had a mystical experience at a convalescent home, which he recounted in his autobiography, Over the Bridge, and which was also recounted by the British occultist writer Colin Wilson. Looking out of some French windows, Church saw a gardener chopping down a dead tree. What struck Church after a while was that the sight of the axe hitting the tree and the sound of the axe hitting the tree were not synchronised. The sound was delayed. At first he did not believe his own powers of perception, but after concentrating his vision and hearing, he came to the conclusion that he was experiencing an error in the laws of physics. He came to the conclusion – which would remain with him for the rest of his life – that "time and space are not absolute. Their power was not law." He experienced an incredible freedom in this epiphany. "(...) I was free. Since time and space were deceivers, openly contradicting each other, and at best offering a compromise in place of law" After this epiphany another soon followed. From where he stood he sensed that "(...) my limbs and trunk were lighter than they seemed, and that I had only to reduce them by an act of will, perhaps by a mere change of physical mechanics, to command them off the ground, out of the tyranny of gravitation". He then left the ground and glided "about the room" some twelve or eighteen inches above the floor. He returned to the ground only to take off once more.

Personal life
Church married three times: firstly to Caroline Parfett in 1915, with whom he had three daughters,  this marriage ending in divorce. He married his second wife, Catherina Schimmer on 19 November 1930, and the couple had a son before her death in 1965. He married his third wife, Dorothy Beale, a widow, on 25 February 1967.

He had a great love for the Kent countryside and this is reflected in much of his writing. He published an anthology of works on Kent.

Death
He and Dorothy initially lived at The Old Stable, they subsequently moved to The Priest's House at Sissinghurst Castle in Cranbrook where he died suddenly, aged 78, on 4 March 1972.

Poetry collections

 * The Flood of Life (1917)
 * Hurricane (1919)
 * Philip (1923)
 * The Portrait of the Abbot (1926)
 * The Dream (1927)
 * Theme with Variations (1928)
 * Mood without Measure (1928)
 * Mary Shelley (1928)
 * The Glance Backward (1930)
 * News from the Mountain (1932)
 * Apple of Concord (1935)
 * Twelve Noon (1936)
 * The Solitary Man (1941)
 * Twentieth-Century Psalter (1943)
 * The Lamp (1946)
 * Collected Poems (1948)
 * Selected Lyrical Poems (1951)
 * The Inheritors (1957)
 * North of Rome (1960)
 * The Burning Bush (1967)

Novels

 * Oliver’s Daughter (1930)
 * High Summer (1931)
 * The Prodigal Father (1933)
 * The Porch (1937)
 * The Stronghold (1939)
 * The Sampler (1942)
 * The Cave (1951) AKA Five Boys in a Cave.
 * Dog Toby. A Frontier Tale (1953)
 * The dangerous years (1956)
 * The Nightingale (1958)
 * The Crab-Apple Tree (1959)
 * Prince Albert (1963)
 * The Room Within (1940 )
 * The White Doe (1968)
 * Little Miss Moffatt: a confession (1969)
 * The French lieutenant: a ghost story (1971)

Autobiography

 * Over the Bridge (1955)
 * The Golden Sovereign (1957)
 * The Voyage Home (1964)

Other books

 * Calling for a Spade (1939) Essays on country themes.
 * Plato's Mistake (1941)
 * , essays on contemporary writers
 * A squirrel called Rufus (1941) For children.
 * Green Tide (1945) Essays, mainly on country themes.
 * British authors : a twentieth-century gallery with 53 portraits (1948)
 * Kent (1948) The County books series
 * A window on a hill [1951]. Essays, mainly on country themes
 * Books and Writers (Robert Lynd) Foreword by Richard Church (1952)
 * The prodigal: a play in verse (1953)
 * Down River (1957) For children.
 * A country window; a round of essays (1958)
 * Small moments. Decorated with wood-engravings by Joan Hassall (1957) Essays.
 * The bells of Rye. Front. by Michael Hubbard (1960) For children.
 * Calm October, essays (1961)
 * The growth of the English novel (1961)
 * A stroll before dark : essays (1965)
 * The royal parks of London. With drawings by Victor Cooley (1965)
 * Portrait of Canterbury (1968)
 * Speaking aloud (1968)
 * The wonder of words (1970)
 * A harvest of mushrooms: and other sporadic essays (1970)

title: Richard Church (poet)


text:
User:The bellman/rfc

 * 01-2004 references

At the moment policy is very vauge regarding the referencing of sources. I think that this is a very important issue because wikipedia has as a core principle that it conducts no first hand research, and is solely an aggregater of other sources, hence i suggest that we need a unified policy on the referencing of sources.
 * 1) Wikipedia does not (can not, and possibly even should not) contain all the information there is on a topic, as such, an interested person who wants more information than that which we offer must have an easy way of finding that information which is built into the wikipedia structure.
 * 2) Users of wikipedia could quite resonably want to know where the information on a particular fact or sub-topic came from, rather than futher information on the subject in general.
 * 3) Wikipedia is already the largest and most complete encycopedia ever created. As Wikipedia continues to grow, two things will likely happen. The volume of spam and POV will increase, and (at least in the short term) the active user to number of articles ratio will move so that there will be less active users (although undoubtably more in absolute numbers) to article.

My suggestion: Another page containing meta-data should be appended to all articles along with discussion. This page should be displayed as a tab along with the other tabs and should include two types of references to the main article. First Refernces and second Endnotes. References would then be divided (automatically) into general references and references for specific sub-sections. On the project page each subsection would have some sort of marking which would be a link to the reference page. While the link is On the project page Endnotes would appear as superscripted linked numbers, which when clicked on would deliver the user to the refernce page

title: User:The bellman/rfc


text:
Toona

Toona, commonly known as redcedar, toon (also spelled tun) or toona, tooni (in India) is a genus in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, native from Afghanistan south to India, and east to North Korea, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia. In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus Cedrela, but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.

Ornamental use
Toona sinensis is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the Beijing area, where its tender shoots, called xiangchun, are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently, it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).

Wood source
Toona ciliata is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the sitar, rudra veena, and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany, it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.

Medicinal and culinary uses
Toona sinensis is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable or sauce in China (leaves and shoots).

Species
, six species are recognised by Plants of the World Online, as follows:
 * Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe (1908) - Malesia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago.
 * Toona calcicola Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee (2015) - Thailand.
 * Toona ciliata M.Roem. (1846) - Pakistan to southern China, SE Asia and Australia.
 * Toona fargesii A.Chev. (1944) - Eastern Himalayas to southern China.
 * Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem. (1846) - Pakistan to China and Malesia.
 * Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. (1917) - Southern China, Malesia and Papuasia.

title: Toona


text:
User:The bellman/References

At the moment policy is very vauge regarding the referencing of sources. I think that this is a very important issue because wikipedia has as a core principle that it conducts no first hand research, and is solely an aggregater of other sources, hence i suggest that we need a unified policy on the referencing of sources.
 * 1) Wikipedia does not (can not, and possibly even should not) contain all the information there is on a topic, as such, an interested person who wants more information than that which we offer must have an easy way of finding that information which is built into the wikipedia structure.
 * 2) Users of wikipedia could quite resonably want to know where the information on a particular fact or sub-topic came from, rather than futher information on the subject in general.
 * 3) Wikipedia is already the largest and most complete encycopedia ever created. As Wikipedia continues to grow, two things will likely happen. The volume of spam and POV will increase, and (at least in the short term) the active user to number of articles ratio will move so that there will be less active users (although undoubtably more in absolute numbers) to article.

My suggestion: Another page containing meta-data should be appended to all articles along with discussion. This page should be displayed as a tab along with the other tabs and should include two types of references to the main article. First Refernces and second Endnotes. References would then be divided (automatically) into general references and references for specific sub-sections. On the project page each subsection would have some sort of marking which would be a link to the reference page. While the link is On the project page Endnotes would appear as superscripted linked numbers, which when clicked on would deliver the user to the refernce page

title: User:The bellman/References


text:
Wei Wei (male writer)

Wei Wei (March 6, 1920 – August 24, 2008), originally known as Hong Jie, was a Chinese poet, a prose writer, a literary report writer, a journalist, a vice-editor-in-chief and the editor of various newspapers in China. His works are noted for their themes of patriotism, communism, and nationalism. Apart from using the name Wei Wei, he once used the pen name Hong Yangshu (紅陽樹) in some of his publications. He changed his name from Hong Jie to Wei Wei in 1937 when he had started a new page of his life, a political one.

Biography
Wei Wei was born into a poor family in Zhengzhou, Henan, and received a rudimentary primary education. He showed early interest in calligraphy and literature, but was unable to receive much education after elementary school, when both of his parents died. He was largely self-taught and was greatly influenced by the radical Chinese literature of the 1920s and 30s, including works by authors like Lu Xun and Mao Dun.

Wei Wei joined the Eighth Route Army at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and was educated to be a propagandist and journalist. After joining the Chinese Communist Party in 1938, he rose quickly through party ranks. He became known for reporting from the front lines, which continued throughout the Korean War and the Vietnam War. He also became known for composing a series of Communist-themed novels, short stories, and operas.

Wei died on August 24, 2008, in Beijing.

Poetry

 * (蛔蛔，你喊起他們吧) Huihui, You Wake Them Up!
 * (好夫妻歌) The Good Couple Song
 * (黎明的寄張家口) Evening of Zhangjiakou
 * (開上前線) Go to Frontier
 * (塞北晚歌)(1945) The Northern Boundary Evening Song
 * (三合川)(1945) Sanhechuan

 * (好兄弟歌) The Good Brothers Song
 * (秋千歌辭) The Autumn Song
 * (英雄的防綫) A Hero's Bottom Line
 * (兩年)(1951) Two Years
 * (黎明的風景) Dawn View
 * (不斷集)(1963) Never Ending Collection

Novels

 * 《東方》Orient (1978)
 * 《 地球的紅飄帶》The Earth's Red Flying Ribbon (1987)
 * 《火鳳凰》Fire Phoenix (1997)
 * 《我們唾棄那種中國人》We Despise those Kinds of Chinese (1999)
 * 《我的朋友:短篇小說集》My Friends (1956)

Novellas

 * 《老煙筒》The Old Chimney (1954)
 * 《魏巍散文集》Wei Wei Novella Collection (1982)
 * 《魏巍散文選》Wei Wei Novella Collection (Selected) (1991)

Short stories

 * 《長空怒風》Angry Winds of the Sky (published with Bai Ai 白艾/ in 1952).
 * 《志願軍叔叔和朝鮮姑娘》Volunteer Soldiers and Korean Girls (1952)

Screenplay

 * 《紅色的風暴》The Red Storm (published with Qian Xiaohui 錢小惠in 1956)

Opera

 * 《打擊侵略者》Conquer the Invaders (with Song Zhidi 宋之的 and Ding Yi 丁毅 in 1952)

Anthologies

 * 《幸福花為勇士而開》The Flowers Are Opened for the Warriors (1956)
 * 《壯士行集》Journal of the Strong People (1980)
 * 《魏巍雜文集》Collection Book (1985)

Essays

 * 《誰是最可愛的人》 Who are the Most Beloved People? (1951)
 * 《雁宿涯戰鬥小景》Fighting in the Yansu Cliff (1939)
 * 《黃土岭戰鬥日記》Wangtuling Fighting Journal (1939)
 * 《依依惜別的心情》We Really Missed It (1949)
 * 《故士和祖國》The Earth and My Country
 * 《自豪吧祖國》Be Proud, My Country
 * 《年輕人, 讓你的青春更美麗》Young People Let Your Youth be more Beautiful (1951)
 * 《在漢江南岸的日日夜夜》The Days and Nights of the Southern Shores of Han River (1951)
 * 《春天漫笔》Spring Time (1954)
 * 《夏日三題》The Summer Three Titles (1954)
 * 《祝福走向生活的人們》Blessings Goes to the People (1954)
 * 《路標》The Road Sign (1954)
 * 《在歡樂的鼓聲中前進》Moving forward in the Happy Sounds of the Drum
 * 《在洪流中》In Quick Water
 * 《懷念小川》Missing Xiaochuan
 * 《新的長征》The New Long March

Biographies

 * 《鄧中夏傳》 Deng Zhongxia Biography (with Qian Xiaohui in 1980)
 * 《青年彭德懷》 The Youth of Peng Dehuai (editor Yeng Ruiguang 楊瑞廣, in 1995)

Literary reports

 * 《燕嘎子》 (1944)
 * 《平原雷火》 Firings on the Plain (1945)
 * 《攻克獨流鎮》 (1945)
 * 《前進吧祖國》Move forward, My Country (1952)
 * 《擠垮它》 (1952)
 * 《女將軍》The Female General (1958)
 * 《晉察冀詩抄》Chen Zhen Yi Poetry (1959)
 * 《魏巍文論集》 (1984)

title: Wei Wei (male writer)


text:
Zahedan

Zahedan (Balochi and ; ) is a city in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran and serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is near the Iran-Pakistan border.

Etymology
The original name of the city was Duzzap (Persian: Duzdab, meaning "Water Stolen"), which it had received due to the abrupt floods into the valley. The name was later changed to Zahedan (Persian for "hermits") during Reza Shah's visit in 1929.

History
Mention of Zahedan first appears in sources in August 1849. However, the city first truly started to grow during the early 20th-century. During World War I it became the westernmost terminal of the Zahedan railway station, which reached as far as Quetta in the northern part of what was then British Baluchistan.

The city was the site of a deadly crackdown in October 2022, with dozens citizens killed by pro-governmental forces. Over 90 people were killed. Two senior police officials were fired in the aftermath of the crackdown. On 28 October, there were protests in Zahedan and security forces fired on protestors, killing 98 and injuring 14.

On 3 November 2022, the Shi'i cleric and Khamenei loyalist Sajjad Shahraki was assassinated in Zahedan. The next day, there were widespread protests in the city; Revolutionary Guards and other armed forces fired on protestors.

Population
While the surrounding area boasts numerous ancient sites, Zahedan itself primarily developed in the 20th century. It transitioned from a small village to the provincial administrative center in the 1930s. Its population reached 17,500 by 1956 and increased more than fivefold to 93,000 by 1976. After 1980, large numbers of refugees fleeing the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan helped triple the population of Zahedan to more than 281,000 by 1986, a number which has since doubled again.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 552,706 in 109,488 households. The following census in 2011 counted 560,725 people in 134,088 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 587,730 people in 146,717 households.

Location
Zahedan is connected by rail to nearby Pakistan and is near to Afghanistan. It is about 41 km south of the tripoint of the three countries and at an altitude of 1352 m above sea level and 1605 km from the Iranian capital of Tehran.

Climate
Zahedan has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh, Trewartha: BW). Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter.

Zahedan experiences very hot summers, there are 84.7 days per year with maximum temperature above 35 C, of which 7 days have a daily maximum above 40 C.. Winters are quite cold with minimum temperatures below 0 C for 43.7 days annually. Zahedan also experiences 81.3 days a year with haze.

Economy
Zahedan is the main economic center of the region and home to many small- and medium-scale industries. Its main products include cotton textiles, woven and hand-knotted rugs, ceramics, processed foods, livestock feed, processed hides, milled rice, brick, reed mats and baskets.

Transport

Zahedan is served by Zahedan International Airport.

Highway 95 links Zahedan to Tehran and Mashhad in the north and the port of Bandar Chabahar on the Sea of Oman in the south, and Highway 84 to the Pakistani city of Quetta in the east and to Kerman in the west.

For decades the broad gauge (Indian subcontinent system) railway exists from Zahedan station to/from Quetta's station in Pakistan, the Quetta–Taftan Railway Line. Beyond this, west, a standard gauge line was completed from Zahedan to Kerman linking the city with the rest of the Iranian rail network. This flowed from a 18 May 2007 MOU for rail co-operation (of Pakistan and Iran) under which the line was to be completed by December 2008. It was completed with an opening ceremony on 19 June 2009. This means that Zahedan hosts the break of gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railway's standard gauge tracks of the Trans-Iranian Railway and Pakistan Railway's broad gauge aforementioned.

Chabahar–Zahedan railway
In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's trip to Iran, agreement was signed to develop two terminals and five berths at Port of Chabahar and to build a new railway between Chabahar and Zahedan, as part of North–South Transport Corridor, by Indian Railways's public sector unit Ircon International. This proposal is under study and consideration, a via Kerman connection to the port of Chabahar.

In July 2016, India began shipping US$150 million of tracks to Chabahar to build the US$1.6 billion line, for which India pledged additional US$400 million and Iran has also allocated US$125 million in December 2016, thus taking the total allocation to US$575 million (out of US$1.6 billion needed) by the end of 2016.

Sports
In April 2008 the 70 billion IRR (about 2.5 million USD) Zahedan Stadium was built with a seating capacity of 15,000 people. It was inaugurated on 18 April 2008 with a friendly football game between Honarmandan (Artists) and a local team.

Education

Zahedan is the home of the Islamic Azad University of Zahedan, the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Besides, the largest Sunni seminary, Darululoom Zahedan, is located in Zahedan. There are some other religious Sunni schools in the city and the vicinity.

Notable people

 * Mohammad Jorjandi, cybercrime expert

title: Zahedan


text:
Parkway Drive

Parkway Drive are an Australian metalcore band from Byron Bay, New South Wales, formed in 2003. Parkway Drive have released seven studio albums, one EP, two DVDs, a split album and one book, titled Ten Years of Parkway Drive. The band's latest three albums have reached number 1 of the Australian ARIA Charts – Ire (2015), Reverence (2018), and Darker Still (2022).

The band's line-up has been consistent since the addition of bassist Jia O'Connor in 2006, with Brett Versteeg having left in 2004 and Shaun Cash in 2006.

Early years and Killing with a Smile (2003–2006)
Parkway Drive were formed at the beginning of 2003. The band took their name from the street where their home rehearsal space and live venue, 'The Parkway House', was located. The 2009 documentary Parkway Drive: The DVD explains that there was a lack of venues for punk rock and hardcore punk bands to practice and perform and that 'Parkway House' was like 'a little oasis for us and all our friends'. The group played their first show at the Byron Bay Youth Centre where I Killed the Prom Queen vocalist Michael Crafter, visiting from Adelaide, also first saw the group and gained their interest. The I Killed the Prom Queen / Parkway Drive: Split CD was released June 2003 and both groups toured Australia over the rest of the year. After signing with Resist Records, the band released the Don't Close Your Eyes EP in 2004 and opened for Shadows Fall, Chimaira, Hatebreed and Alexisonfire on subsequent Australian tours. Winston McCall commented on the EP in early 2005 that he was surprised that "for six songs it's done amazing for us...I'm surprised that kids picked it up so well." Following Brett Versteeg's replacement by Shaun Cash, Parkway Drive flew to the United States where they recorded their debut full-length Killing with a Smile with Killswitch Engage guitarist Adam Dutkiewicz in just two weeks. Manager Graham Nixon later noted that 'it was not the "done thing" for an Australian band to head overseas and work with a producer of that sort of calibre'. The album debuted in the Australian Album (ARIA) charts at 39. In 2006 the group toured in Europe and later returned to North America. In late May 2006, bass player Shaun Cash left the band for personal reasons with full support from the rest of the members. He was replaced by their "merch guy" and long-time friend, Jia "Pie" O'Connor. Parkway Drive signed to American punk label Epitaph in June 2006.

Horizons (2007–2009)
In July and August 2007, Parkway Drive appeared on that year's Warped Tour in the US. On 24 July 2007, Horizons was announced for release, and its track listing was revealed. On 20 August, "Boneyards" was posted on the band's Myspace profile. Horizons was made available for streaming on 1 October, and was released on 6 October through Epitaph. In October, the band toured across Australia, before going on tour in Europe with Comeback Kid, Cancer Bats, the Warriors, and This Is Hell the following month. A music video for "Boneyards" was posted online on 23 November. In December, the band went on a west coast US tour alongside XDeathstarx.

In January and February 2008, the band went on a US tour alongside Killswitch Engage, the Dillinger Escape Plan and Every Time I Die. Following this, the band performed at the Groezrock festival in Belgium, and went on an Australian tour with Have Heart, Antagonist and Break Even. In July and August, the band supported Darkest Hour on the Trash & Burn tour. During the tour, the band performed at Robot Mosh Fest. In April and May 2009, the band went on a tour of the US with Stick to Your Guns and MyChildren MyBride. The band appeared at The Bamboozle festival in early May.

Deep Blue (2010–2011)
On 23 March 2010, Parkway Drive entered the studio to begin recording their third album, Deep Blue, with producer Joe Barresi. According to their lead vocalist Winston McCall, this was to be their rawest and heaviest record to date. According to a blog that posted on Myspace on 1 April, they had finished tracking the drums for the album. According to a blog posted on 8 April, Parkway Drive were half finished with rhythm guitars, bass and vocals for the upcoming untitled album. On 17 April, Parkway Drive officially announced that they finished recording the forthcoming album, and added a studio diary video to their Myspace.

On 26 April, vocalist Winston McCall revealed in a video-interview two new song-titles: "Home Is for the Heartless" (featuring Brett Gurewitz of Bad Religion) and "Hollow" (featuring Marshall Lichtenwaldt of The Warriors). Winston stated in the interview that the European tour they were on was the last tour until the release of the new album, indicating that the album should be out in stores sometime before the Vans Warped Tour began. In September, the group was nominated for an ARIA Award for Deep Blue in the newly created Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album category and eventually won. It was the first ARIA Award in the band's history.

Parkway Drive received the Australian Independent Record (AIR) Award for 'Best Independent Hard Rock or Punk Album' in 2010 for Deep Blue. In 2011, Winston McCall was featured in The Warriors' song "Panic", from their album See How You Are. That same year, he was featured in You Me at Six's song "Time Is Money" from their album Sinners Never Sleep. It was announced in early 2011 that Parkway Drive would perform at the Sonisphere Festival in Imola, Italy on 25 June and in Knebworth, UK on 10 July.

Atlas (2012–2013)
In an interview with NME, Winston spoke briefly about an upcoming fourth studio album. Winston is quoted as saying, "We've got ideas for this record that are bigger than anything we've done in the past. We're trying to pencil it in, but we want to get in the studio sooner rather than later." The vocalist also gave an update on the condition of the band's guitarist Luke 'Pig' Kilpatrick. The guitarist has been forced to play with the band from a wheelchair after a surfing accident, but McCall said he was improving and would be up on his feet for the band's next tour. He said: "I think he'll be in a cast for a couple more weeks. His leg had swelled up to the size of a football, but it's come down now. He still can't walk on it yet. It's made for an interesting couple of tours and it'll be weird when he is walking around again."

On 10 April 2012, Parkway Drive released a trailer for their new Blu-ray/DVD entitled Home Is for the Heartless with a set release date for 6 July 2012. In an interview with Reviewed Music, Winston McCall stated that "Parkway Drive will be entering the studio following their April European/UK tour to begin recording their upcoming fourth album." Parkway Drive announced via Instagram that they will officially begin recording their new album on 20 June in Los Angeles. On 9 September, Parkway Drive released the album's first single, "Dark Days" along with a music video. On 17 September, Parkway Drive released a 10-second teaser of "Old Ghost / New Regrets" in an interview with Winston McCall on the ABC radio program, The Doctor. On 16 October, "Old Ghost / New Regrets" was released by Parkway Drive through the Epitaph Records YouTube channel.

On 23 October, the full album became available to stream on the Epitaph Records YouTube channel. The album Atlas was released on 26 October 2012 through Epitaph Records. The band first started touring in support of the album in Europe between 13 November 2012 and 1 December 2012 with opening bands Emmure, The Word Alive and Structures. On 13 December, they embarked on their second album release tour, to New Zealand and Australia. The band performed as part of Warped Tour Australia in November and December 2013.

Ire (2014–2016)
In February 2014, Parkway Drive announced they would be participating in the 2014 Warped Tour on the main stage. On 11 April 2014, they announced on their Instagram that they were working on a new album. On 4 June 2015, Parkway Drive teased a letter for their upcoming fifth studio album; later the same day, the album cover was leaked online in its entirety. The album was called Ire, and a new single entitled "Vice Grip" with a music video was released to the public on 8 June 2015. The release date of Ire was 25 September. On 20 June, "Vice Grip" peaked at number 88 on the Australian singles chart, making it the band's second charting single after "Dark Days", which peaked at number 71 in September 2012. "Crushed" from Ire later reached number 96 on 29 August. On 11 July 2016, the band released a new single "Devil's Calling" for the deluxe edition of Ire.

Reverence and Viva the Underdogs (2017–2021)
In May 2017, the band announced that they were working on a new album. Vocalist Winston McCall said the album would be "more aggressive" than its predecessor Ire. The album had been expected to be released sometime in 2018. On 27 February 2018, the band released "Wishing Wells", which is the first single from their forthcoming sixth album, whose name not been yet announced. On 13 March, the band announced that their sixth studio album entitled Reverence would be released on 4 May 2018. The second single entitled "The Void" was released alongside this announcement.

The third single entitled "Prey" was released on 24 April. Following the release of Reverence, the band announced the North American tour with August Burns Red and The Devil Wears Prada beginning on 30 August from San Diego, California and ending on 23 September in Hollywood. Reverence won the 2018 ARIA Award for Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album, obtaining the band their second win in the category.

On 6 November 2019, the band announced their new documentary movie Viva the Underdogs would be screened for one night only across the world on 22 January 2020, detailing their 15-year rise to fame from the Byron Bay hardcore days in 2003, through to their UK Festival headline performances in 2019.

The band announced "Viva the Underdogs" worldwide tour to celebrate the release of Viva the Underdogs. The European portion of the tour was announced on 27 November 2019 with Venom Prison, Stick to Your Guns and Hatebreed as supporters. The Australian portion was announced on 9 December 2019 with Every Time I Die and Hatebreed as supporters. The North America portion was announced on 18 February 2020 with include Hatebreed, Knocked Loose and Fit for a King as supporters, and the tour would be the first time that Parkway Drive will be using their pyrotechnics in North America. All three portions of the tour have been postponed to different dates in 2021 and 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic.

On 23 January 2020, the band announced the Viva the Underdogs soundtrack, which features live recordings from their Wacken Open Air 2019 headline performance and three rerecorded songs with frontman Winston McCall singing in German. In December 2020, Parkway Drive were listed at number 32 in Rolling Stone Australia's "50 Greatest Australian Artists of All Time" issue.

Darker Still (2022–present)
On 11 January 2022, the band announced a North American tour in May and June, supported by Hatebreed, The Black Dahlia Murder, and Stick to Your Guns. However, on 6 April, they announced the cancellation of the tour, stating that "the relentless nature of being in this band has given us very little time to reflect on who we are as individuals, who we want to be and the toll it is taking on ourselves and our friendships." On 23 May, it was announced that for their mental health, Parkway Drive would be taking a break from activity, but clarified that they "are here to stay".

On 7 June, following a series of teasers released on various social media, the band unveiled a brand new single entitled "Glitch" along with a music video. On 8 June, the band announced that their Fall 2022 European tour with Lorna Shore and While She Sleeps would continue as scheduled with a rebrand, and new music to accompany said tour. On 6 July, the band released the second single "The Greatest Fear" and its corresponding music video. At the same time, they officially announced that their seventh studio album, Darker Still, was set for release on 9 September 2022, whilst also revealing the album cover and the track list. On 22 August, the band published the third single and title track "Darker Still".

Musical style and influences
Parkway Drive's genre was previously almost exclusively described as metalcore. Their earlier albums had deathcore influences, which were especially apparent on Deep Blue; more recently, the band switched to a more traditional heavy metal sound. Their sound usually employs screaming vocals and breakdowns. Unlike many other popular modern metalcore bands, Parkway Drive did not use clean singing on any of their studio albums until their 2015 studio album Ire, although they did use them on some songs on their first two EPs, on which they were performed by the band's original bassist Brett Versteeg. However, following the shift in style during Reverence, Winston McCall stated that Parkway Drive have "outgrown metalcore", and have transitioned away from their earlier roots.

They have cited influences including Rage Against the Machine, Metallica, Slayer, Iron Maiden, Bad Religion, Pennywise, the Offspring, Faith No More, the Dillinger Escape Plan, Hatebreed and Killswitch Engage.

Band members
Current
 * Winston McCall – lead vocals (2003–present)
 * Jeff Ling – lead guitar (2003–present)
 * Luke "Pig" Kilpatrick – rhythm guitar (2003–present)
 * Ben "Gaz" Gordon – drums (2003–present)
 * Jia "Pie" O'Connor – bass (2006–present)

Former
 * Brett "Lagg" Versteeg – bass, backing vocals (2003–2004)
 * Shaun "Cashy" Cash – bass (2004–2006)

Discography

 * Killing with a Smile (2005)
 * Horizons (2007)
 * Deep Blue (2010)
 * Atlas (2012)
 * Ire (2015)
 * Reverence (2018)
 * Darker Still (2022)

AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (known colloquially as the AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.

! Ref.
 * 2010
 * Deep Blue
 * rowspan="2"| Best Independent Hard Rock or Punk Album
 * Won
 * 2013
 * Atlas
 * Nominated
 * 2021
 * Viva the Underdogs
 * rowspan="2"| Best Independent Heavy Album or EP
 * Nominated
 * 2023
 * Darker Still
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Nominated
 * 2023
 * Darker Still
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Nominated
 * }
 * }

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.

! Ref.
 * 2024
 * rowspan="1"| "Darker Still" by Parkway Drive
 * Most Performed Hard Rock / Heavy Metal Work
 * Won
 * rowspan="1"|
 * }
 * }

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Parkway Drive has won 3 awards from 6 nominations.

! Ref.
 * 2010
 * Deep Blue
 * rowspan="4"| Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album
 * Won
 * 2016
 * Ire
 * Nominated
 * 2018
 * Reverence
 * Won
 * 2020
 * Viva the Underdogs
 * Nominated
 * Reverence
 * Won
 * 2020
 * Viva the Underdogs
 * Nominated
 * Viva the Underdogs
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"| 2023
 * rowspan="2"| Darker Still
 * Best Group
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|
 * rowspan="2"|
 * Best Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Album
 * Won
 * Won

J Awards
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.

 * 2012
 * Atlas
 * rowspan="2"| Australian Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 2015
 * Ire
 * Nominated
 * Ire
 * Nominated

Rolling Stone Australia Awards
The Rolling Stone Australia Awards are awarded annually in January or February by the Australian edition of Rolling Stone magazine for outstanding contributions to popular culture in the previous year.

! Ref.
 * 2023
 * Darker Still
 * Best Record
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

title: Parkway Drive


text: Template:Wikisource

title: Template:Wikisource


text: Category:Companies of Ukraine

title: Category:Companies of Ukraine


text:
Avon Valley Railway

The Avon Valley Railway (AVR) is a standard gauge heritage railway in South Gloucestershire, England, operated by a local group, the Avon Valley Railway Company Ltd. The 3-mile (5 km) heritage line runs from Oldland Common to Avon Riverside. It follows the Avon Valley southeast from Oldland Common to Bitton and then it runs alongside the River Avon from Bitton towards Saltford.

The railway shares its route with the Sustrans cycleway and footpath, the Bristol and Bath Railway Path.

Commercial history
The railway is part of the otherwise-dismantled Midland Railway Mangotsfield and Bath branch line, which was closed in 1966 as a result of the Beeching cuts, due mainly to the Great Western Railway, which also connected Bristol and Bath, being just a few miles to the south.

The railway is perhaps best known for connecting the former Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), whose northern terminus was at Bath Green Park station, with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). The Midland Railway lines along the Avon Valley thus opened up the S&D lines to travellers from the British industrial Midlands. This was particularly so during summer Saturdays when families flocked south to the beaches of Dorset and the English south coast. Many extra trains thus had to be added to the schedule to accommodate this increased demand. Although owned and run by the Midland Railway, many S&D locomotives were often seen working trains along this line.

After the lines were removed, from 2000 the northern section from Mangotsfield to Warmley was used to build a dual carriage development of the A4174 road, although both station sites currently still exist. The remainder of the line was passed from the British Railways Board to Sustrans, who in co-operation with the local councils developed the Bristol and Bath Railway Path. Further development of the heritage railway is wholly dependent on a usage agreement with Sustrans.

Heritage railway
The Bristol Suburban Rail Society was formed in 1972 by a group of local people including MP Robert Adley with the aim of restoring commuter and weekend steam use to the Bristol–Mangotsfield–Bath and Mangotsfield–Yate railway routes.

Bitton station and its yard, including some trackbed, was leased from British Railways Board by the Bristol Suburban Railway Society. Work progressed slowly over the years restoring the heavily vandalised buildings and laying track north towards Oldland Common and Warmley. Weekend steam-hauled 'brake van' train rides progressed to proper passenger services along the ever-lengthening line in restored 1950s British Railways Mark 1 carriages.

In 1979, the Bristol Suburban Railway Society was incorporated into the Bitton Railway Co. Ltd. and the laid track reached Oldland Common in 1988. By 1992, however, the city of Bristol had expanded greatly, with houses encroaching upon the former railway line, and expansion north to Warmley and Mangotsfield was no longer considered practical. The line thus began to expand south out into the valley of the River Avon. By 2004, it had crossed the Avon and a new station was built to service the Avon Valley Country Park — a large picnic and recreation site — along with a river wharf to provide visitors with connections to river barges and river boat trips.

Building of a new buffet and toilet facility at Bitton station began in 2007 to replace the current buffet and toilets and to increase space for the railway's gift shop. 2024 marked the 50th anniversary since the first trains ran.

Operations
As a tourist attraction, the Avon Valley Railway now handles 80,000 visitors per year. The AVR provides round-trip steam train travel from Bitton Station north to Oldland Common then south to Avon Riverside station. The line is open to travellers on most weekends.

Signalling
Warmley Signal Box is now used as a community garden on the cycleway with a short section of track that has been used to display locomotives and wagons.

Incidents
On 24 July 2018, during a shunting operation at Bitton station, two empty coaches ran away for 43 yards (40 metres) on a down gradient until they collided with a level crossing gate closed across the track. The coaches, which had no handbrakes, overrode chocks placed against two wheels. There were no injuries.

Current stations

 * Oldland Common Halt, although the line was relaid in 1988 the station was not in use until 1991.
 * Bitton Railway Station, is the headquarters of the railway. There is a yard, cafe, shop and a goods shed converted in to a workshop where locomotives are maintained and restored.
 * Avon Riverside Railway Station, opened in 2004, with access to the riverside picnic area & Riverboat trips. This is a new station and not part of the original infrastructure.

Former stations

 * Mangotsfield Railway Station
 * Warmley Railway Station
 * Bath Green Park Railway Station

Northwards
After reopening the station at Oldland Common, focus shifted to extending the line southeast towards Bath.

Southwards
Work continues to extend the railway south-east towards Bath (potentially as far as Newbridge).

Rolling stock
Avon Valley Railway is home to a number of preserved steam and diesel locomotives as well as a variety of carriages, wagons and cranes.

Steam locomotives

 * NCB Number 07 Wimblebury
 * TKh49 No. 4015 Karel
 * Avonside 0-6-0ST Edwin Hulse
 * Fry's Sentinel No. 7492

Diesel locomotives

 * Sentinel 0-8-0DH General Lord Robertson

In Media
Avon Valley Railway was used as a filming location for BBC medical TV drama Casualty.

title: Avon Valley Railway


text:
Category:The Velvet Underground

This category gathers together all entries related to the Sixties American rock group. Start by reading the main entry on The Velvet Underground...

title: Category:The Velvet Underground


text:
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk

Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, (13 August 1584 – 3 June 1640) was an English nobleman and politician.

Career
Born at the family estate of Saffron Walden, he was the son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, by his second wife, Catherine Knyvet of Charlton, and succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Suffolk and 2nd Baron Howard de Walden in 1626, along with some other of his father's offices, including the lord-lieutenancy of the counties of Suffolk, Cambridge and Dorset.

Howard danced in Lord Hay's Masque to celebrate the marriage of James Hay and Honora Denny on 6 January 1607. On 9 February 1608 he performed in the masque The Hue and Cry After Cupid at Whitehall Palace as a sign of the zodiac, to celebrate the wedding of John Ramsay, Viscount Haddington to Elizabeth Radclyffe. During the progress of Anne of Denmark in April 1613, he danced in the masque at Caversham Park.

Sir Theophilus Howard was named in the Second Charter of Virginia made by King James I on 23 May 1609. The members of this extensive list were "incorporated by the name of The Tresorer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the Firste Collonie in Virginia".

He was elected MP for Maldon in a by-election in 1605 caused by the death of Sir Edward Lewknor and sat until he was ennobled in 1610 as Baron Howard de Walden by a Writ of Acceleration.

He was the dedicatee of Shelton's translation of Don Quixote, the first translation of the work in any language. The translation of the first part of Don Quixote was published in London in 1612, while Cervantes was still alive. It is not known why Shelton chose Howard as a dedicatee, although he was possibly a distant relative. He was also the dedicatee of John Dowland's last book of songs "A Pilgrimes Solace", also published in 1612.

Howard visited Scotland in 1613. He dined with his brother-in-law James Home of Cowdenknowes at Broxmouth House, and then stayed in John Killoch's house in Edinburgh's Canongate, where the Duke of Lennox had stayed in 1608. He visited Dunfermline Palace and saw the coal works of George Bruce at Culross. After a visit to Stirling Castle, he stayed a night at the Nether Palace or Castlestead of Falkland with Lord Scone, and returned by boat to Leith and the King's Wark, the home of Bernard Lindsay. He went to Seton Palace to see Anna Hay, Countess of Winton, and then returned to England.

Howard's parents received a pension from Spanish diplomats. In 1617, they were offered a Dutch pension. Howard discussed the deal with the Spanish ambassador Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar. He persuaded his parents not to take the Dutch offer, and Gondomar gave him a valuable diamond jewel.

Howard owned Framlingham Castle in Suffolk which he sold to Sir Robert Hitcham in 1635 for the sum of £14,000. He owned Audley End House in Essex as well, built by his father Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk

He died in 1640 at Suffolk House, Charing Cross, London, and was buried on 10 June that year in Saffron Walden.

Marriage and children
In March 1612, he married Elizabeth Home (died 19 August 1633), daughter of George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar. According to a memoir of the early life of Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of King James and Anne of Denmark, she had been one of the Princess's companions at Coombe Abbey from 1604. They had nine children:
 * James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (c. 1620 – 1689)
 * Thomas Howard (1621-81), married to Walburga or Werburge van der Kerchove
 * Katherine Howard (died 1650), married first George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (died 1642), second James Livingston, 1st Earl of Newburgh
 * Elizabeth Howard (died 11 March 1705), married on 1 October 1642 Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland
 * Margaret Howard, married Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery
 * George Howard, 4th Earl of Suffolk (1625–1691)
 * Henry Howard, 5th Earl of Suffolk (1627–1709)
 * Anne Howard, married Thomas Walsingham
 * Frances Howard (c.1633–1677), who married Sir Edward Villiers (died 1689)

title: Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk


text:
Redlands, Cremorne

Redlands, Sydney Church of England Co-educational Grammar School, is a multi-campus independent co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day Christian school, in the Anglican tradition, located in Cremorne on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1884, the non-selective school caters for approximately 1,700 students from early learning and on to Kindergarten to Year 12.

Redlands is a member of the Association of Independent Schools NSW, the Independent Schools Association, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia, and the Council of International Schools.

History

Established in 1884 as the College for Girls in Milsons Point with five students, the school was run by the Misses Liggins and Arnold until around 1910. It was purchased by Gertrude Amy Roseby and her sister Mabel in 1911 who ran the school until 1945.

Redlands later established an association with the Anglican Diocese of Sydney and became the Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School, Redlands in 1945; abbreviated as SCEGGS. Redlands severed legal ties with the Anglican Diocese in 1976, and was re-constituted as a wholly independent school. SCEGGS, Redlands (as it then was), SCEGGS Darlinghurst, SCEGGS Wollongong and SCEGGS Loquat Valley survived by re-constituting themselves as wholly independent entities, severing their legal ties with the Anglican diocese while retaining the Church of England title in their corporate names. SCEGGS Moss Vale, was unable to recover, and closed. Loquat Valley became a member of the Sydney Anglican Schools Corporation.

When the school became co-educational, its title changed to Sydney Church of England Co-educational Grammar School, Redlands; abbreviated as SCECGS Redlands.

Motto
The Latin school motto of Redlands, Luceat lux vestra, is taken from, translates "Let your light shine". It appears in the school song which was shared with the other SCEGGS schools:

 * Students of Redlands School, those old and new
 * Gathered or parted, all the world through
 * Still to the motto that binds us keep true:
 * Luceat Lux Vestra.

After the collapse of the SCEGGS school network, and Redlands' admission of boys in 1978, the first line of the SCEGGS song was altered at Redlands to "Students of Redlands School, those old and new...."

School governance
Since the Sydney Anglican SCEGGS schools collapse, Redlands has been independently owned and operated by SCECGS Redlands Limited — a public company limited by guarantee. The role of the Board is to oversee the management and business of the company, and in particular to:
 * Appoint the School Principal and monitor performance
 * Establish the vision and strategic direction of the School
 * Support the School Executive and management in the implementation of that vision and strategic direction
 * Ensure that the resources necessary for the achievement of agreed goals are available.

Academic offerings
Redlands offers the International Baccalaureate as well as the New South Wales Higher School Certificate. Redlands has offered the International Baccalaureate since 1989, longer than any other school in NSW. In 2022, 22 students achieved an ATAR of 99 or more and one third of students achieved an ATAR of 95 or more.

Currently, five languages are taught at Redlands: French, Spanish, Latin, Mandarin and Japanese.

Campus facilities
Redlands occupies two campuses in Sydney, including the former Cremorne Girls High School site on Murdoch Street, which it purchased from the Government of New South Wales in 1989. This site houses the Preschool, Preparatory and Junior School students. The Senior Campus on Military Road is for the Secondary School students.

The school operates Redlands Preschools at Cremorne and North Balgowlah, and also operates an experiential outdoor education site, the High Country Campus, in Jindabyne.

Peter J. Cornish was appointed Principal in 1981, and is credited with returning the school to financial security and academic respectability in the period 1981 to 2002. Cornish was formerly Deputy Headmaster of The Armidale School, and previously an English master at Shore (Sydney Church of England Grammar School), both Anglican boys' schools. He emphasised academic achievement, as well as developing numerous sport and co-curricular opportunities. Cornish cultivated an association with several neighbouring Anglican parishes, including the immediately adjacent mainstream Anglican parish of St Peter's, Cremorne, and indeed the school continues use of the parish church as the Secondary School chapel. On Foundation Day 2007, the Governor Phillip Building was renamed the Peter Cornish Building, in recognition and honour of his achievements and progressions in the school. The Boys 1st IV Rowing boat was also named in his honour at a ceremony on 16 March 2008.

At the end of 2006, Christopher Daunt Watney, former Principal of Redlands, concluded 4 years at the School. Neil Tucker temporarily filled the role until the end of 2007. In July 2007, the Board announced the appointment of Dr Peter Lennox as Principal from early 2008.

In 2007, the school celebrated the completion of refurbishment of the Secondary School Science laboratories and renamed the building Roseby, in recognition of the school's longest serving Headmistress, G. A. Roseby. The board also announced the naming of The Adams Centre (former Cremorne Post Office) building on the southern side of Military Road.

In 2010, the school completed the Redlands Fitness Centre which is now used regularly by a majority of Redlands students for fitness training.

In 2010–11, a major development was undertaken on the Murdoch Street Campus as part of the Federal government BER program. The 1960s three-storey building was demolished to make way for the new home for the Margaret Roberts Preparatory School (K–2) and an all purpose sports and assembly hall. The development now features a state of the art playground, larger 2400 m2 oval and new enclosed ball games court for students to play on. The school is now divided into a Redlands House Early Childhood (Preschool) and K–2 and 3–6 on the Murdoch Street Campus, called the Junior Campus; and a Years 7–12 on the Military Road Campus, named the Senior Campus.

In 2016, the school commenced a 20-year, $114 million redevelopment of the Senior Campus. The first stage of redevelopment was completed in 2020.

Dr Peter Lennox retired after 12 years of exemplary service to the school and Stephen Webber commenced as Principal in January 2020.

House system
Redlands has four houses; Cowper, McDouall, Roseby and Dumolo. Each is named after a notable family or person linked with the school's history. Each student wears a badge on their blazer. School pride amongst students is most prominent at the school's yearly Swimming Carnival, Cross Country Carnival, Athletics Carnival and performing arts night – Gala Arts.

Sport
Redlands is a member of the Independent Schools Association (ISA), also competing against the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS) in some sports.

The school offers both representative and non-representative sports, with students being required to compete in one representative sport a year (either Summer or Winter). Summer sports include basketball, swimming, tennis, touch football, indoor hockey, rowing, and sailing. Winter sports include AFL, athletics, cross country, soccer, hockey, netball, rugby, snowsports, tennis, and water polo.

The school's rowing program is now situated at Mosman Rowing Club, Pearl Bay for on water training, after an arson attack destroyed the shed at Tambourine Bay in 2007.

Redlands Art Prize
The school has hosted the Redlands Art Prize since 1996. Since 2013 it has been named the Redlands Konica Minolta Art Prize and sponsored by Konica Minolta. It was formerly called the Redlands Westpac Art Prize after its then sponsor Westpac.

From 2012 it has been presented at the National Art School in Darlinghurst, after 15 years of being presented by the school and then by Mosman Gallery. The prize was worth A$25,000 in 2017. As an acquisitive prize, the substantial collection is displayed at the school. Past winners have included Imants Tillers, Pat Brassington, Callum Morton, Julie Gough, Vernon Ah Kee, Ben Quilty, Lindy Lee, Fiona Foley and Tom Polo (2014).

Notable alumni

 * Elizabeth Allen poet
 * Rachael Beckmusical theatre (Singin' in the Rain, The Sound of Music) and television star (Hey Dad..!, It Takes Two)
 * Gergaynia BeckettOlympic swimmer
 * Charlotte Bestactress and model
 * Eleanor Darkauthor, Australian Literature Society Gold Medal for literature
 * Amy DicksonGrammy nominated classical saxophonist
 * Sophie Falkinertelevision presenter
 * Nick Fisher –Olympic freestyle skier
 * Karyn GojnichOlympic sailor
 * Thistle Yolette Harrisbotanist, educator, author and conservationist
 * Janusz Hookerbusinessman and Olympic bronze medalist
 * Diana Horvath –doctor and medical administrator
 * Anna Lunoe –DJ, vocalist, songwriter and producer
 * Lachlan Mackay – rugby union player
 * Helen Murrell –Chief Justice of the ACT Supreme Court
 * Ellice Nosworthyarchitect
 * David Poreckirugby union player
 * Alison Rehfischpainter
 * Victoria RobertsOlympic rower, three-time world champion
 * Kathryn Robinson –journalist, television and radio presenter
 * Catriona Rowntreetelevision presenter on Channel Nine's Getaway program
 * Ruelsinger
 * Christian Wilkins –model and actor

title: Redlands, Cremorne


text:
BLAST model checker

The Berkeley Lazy Abstraction Software verification Tool (BLAST) is a software model checking tool for C programs. The task addressed by BLAST is the need to check whether software satisfies the behavioral requirements of its associated interfaces. BLAST employs counterexample-driven automatic abstraction refinement to construct an abstract model that is then model-checked for safety properties. The abstraction is constructed on the fly, and only to the requested precision.

Achievements
BLAST came first in the category DeviceDrivers64 in the 1st Competition on Software Verification (2012) that was held at TACAS 2012 in Tallinn.

BLAST came third (category DeviceDrivers64) in the 2nd Competition on Software Verification (2013) that was held at TACAS 2013 in Rome.

BLAST came first in the category DeviceDrivers64 in the 3rd Competition on Software Verification (2014), that was held at TACAS 2014 in Grenoble.

title: BLAST model checker


text:
Talk:Owen Jones (disambiguation)

No speedy delete
I believe that this page should not be in speedy deletion; it is still growing and will soon contain a great deal of comprehensive information

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Owen Jones (writer) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:31, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Owen Jones (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Companies of the Philippines

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Companies of the Philippines


text:
Lima Locomotive Works

Lima Locomotive Works was an American firm that manufactured railroad locomotives from the 1870s through the 1950s. The company took the most distinctive part of its name from its main shop's location in Lima, Ohio. The shops were located between the Erie Railroad main line, the Baltimore & Ohio's Cincinnati-Toledo main line and the Nickel Plate Road main line and shops.

The company is best known for producing the Shay geared logging steam locomotive, developed by Ephraim Shay, and for William E. Woodard's "Super Power" advanced steam locomotive concept – exemplified by the prototype 2-8-4 Berkshire, Lima demonstrator A-1. In World War II the Lima plant produced the M4A1 version of the M4 Sherman tank.

History
In 1878 James Alley contracted the Lima Machine Works to build a steam locomotive that Ephraim Shay had designed. In April 1880, Lima rebuilt Ephraim Shay's original design, using vertically side-mounted pistons mounted on the right, connected to a drive line on the outside of the trucks. The Shay was geared down to provide more slow-moving, pulling ability for use in the lumber industry. The first Shay locomotive was built in 1880; it was such a success that many people in the lumber industry wanted one. To accommodate the new demand for the locomotive, Shay licensed the right to build his locomotive to the Lima Machine Works, which expanded and began to ship Shay locomotives to lumbermen across the frontier. Two years later, locomotives were the main product being produced by the Lima Machine Works, which would produce over 300 locomotives during the next ten years.

After a serious fire, a new shop was opened in 1902 and Shay production continued. Then, with initial demand for low-speed geared locomotives well on the way to being sated, and the new facilities in place, Lima moved into the heavy railroad locomotive field.

Super Power
Success returned to Lima in the 1920s with the new concept of "Super Power" developed by Lima's mechanical engineer William E. Woodard. By making a number of significant changes to maximize a steam locomotive's capacity to generate and utilize steam, Woodard was able to make such locomotives significantly more powerful and faster. He did this by starting in 1922 with the H-10 experimental heavy 2-8-2 design for the New York Central (Michigan Central 8000) and applying both relatively new science (the Cole ratios), and every efficiency-enhancing tool available – a larger firebox, increased superheat, a feedwater heater, improved draughting, higher boiler pressure, streamlined steam passages and a trailing-truck booster engine, and by applying limited cutoff (the range of steam valve admission settings) to prevent locomotive engineers from using excessive steam at starting. The 2-8-2 thus produced was demonstrated to be 26% more efficient overall than its immediate predecessor, and the NYC bought 301 locomotives.

A large increase in firebox area (from 66 sqft on the H-10 to 100 sqft on the A-1), characteristic of his work, necessitated adding another axle to the trailing truck, thus creating the 2-8-4 wheel arrangement. Built in the spring of 1925, the demonstrator owned by Lima was dubbed the A-1. In addition to supporting the very large firebox and grate, the four-wheeled trailing truck carried the ash pan. For this purpose, the truck was redesigned as an articulated extension of the locomotive frame. The result was an ash pan that could hold more ash, allowing the locomotive to travel farther between cleanings. For roads that burned coal, this was a significant innovation. But it was not without tradeoffs. The articulated frame reduced weight on the driving wheels, which did not aid tractive effort (pulling ability). The locomotives so configured also had more difficulty staying on the rails in reverse, particularly through yard trackwork like switch frogs.

The locomotive quickly proved to be 26-30% more efficient than the New York Central H-10. After a highly successful series of tests in the mid-1920s it was sent around the country to make the idea of "Super Power" known. The first forty-five were purchased by New York Central's subsidiary Boston & Albany following initial road testing across the summit of the Berkshire Hills, and so the 2-8-4 wheel arrangement came to be known as the "Berkshire" on most railroads. The prototype itself was later sold to the Illinois Central as part of an order for 50 similar locomotives. Woodard summed up "Super Power" by defining it as "horsepower at speed". Previous design principles emphasized tractive effort (pulling ability) rather than speed. By 1949 some 613 Berkshires had been constructed for North American service, of which twenty are preserved – at least two in operating condition (NKP 765 and Pere Marquette 1225), both Lima products.

There were at least three successive waves of "Super Power". The first began with NYC 8000 and the A-1, and included Missouri Pacific 2-8-4s and Texas & Pacific 2-10-4s. These locomotives had conventional 63" driving wheels. In 1927, the Erie Railroad took delivery of a "second-phase" Berkshire with 70" driving wheels, capable not only of great power but higher speed; in turn, this design evolved into the Chesapeake & Ohio T-1 2-10-4s of 1930, with 69" driving wheels. The "third-phase" of the later 1930s and war years can be identified with locomotives such as the homebuilt N&W 2-6-6-4s, C&O/Virginian 2-6-6-6 and virtually all American 4-8-4s. Boiler pressures rose as high as 310 lbs/sq.in.; thermic siphons added to the firebox and combustion chamber added 8% to the efficiency of the boiler; roller bearings appeared on main axle boxes and sometimes on running gear. And the "Super Power" concept had extended to other builders such as Alco (the Union Pacific Big Boy) and Baldwin (the Santa Fe 5001- and 5011-class 2-10-4s). The four-wheel trailing truck became the standard for large locomotives (i.e., 4-8-4, 2-10-4, 4-6-6-4, 2-8-8-4), though the articulated main frame did not. Many railroads, particularly roads like the Santa Fe (which favored oil-burning locomotives and, therefore, did not need the oversized ash pan), adopted many of the Super Power features but utilized a conventional full frame and separate trailing truck.

The construction of the first 2-8-4 locomotive is documented in David Weitzman's book, Superpower: Making of a steam locomotive. David also explains some of the innovations it made at the time.

Decline
While delivering the first group of 2-6-6-6 locomotives in 1941, Lima miscalculated and misrepresented the locomotives' weight. Maintenance crews recalculated the weight, and discovered that the H-8s weighed 771,300 pounds, which was thousands of pounds heavier than Lima first claimed. The train crews that worked with the H-8s, whom were getting paid based on the locomotive's weight on the driving wheels at the time, started seeing this misrepresentation as an attack on their livelihood. The C&O was forced to pay their crews thousands of dollars to make up for lost payment, and they subsequently sued Lima for over 3 million dollars in 1944. Lima also lost their pride in building fine machinery, and they would subsequently lose more money within the following years.

In April 1947, the firm merged with General Machinery Corporation of Hamilton, Ohio, to form the Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

Lima-Hamilton’s last steam locomotive was Nickel Plate Road No. 779, a 2-8-4 "Berkshire", which left the erecting halls in May 1949. That same year Lima promoted a new wheel arrangement, the 4-8-6. This would have allowed an even larger firebox than the 4-8-4. No example of the type was built, however.

From 1949 to 1951 Lima-Hamilton produced a total of 175 diesel locomotives, in 7 different models.

In 1951, Lima-Hamilton merged with Baldwin Locomotive Works to form Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton (BLH). The Lima-Hamilton line of diesels was discontinued, in favor of Baldwin's existing line. Though Lima and Baldwin had been known for high-quality steam locomotives, their line of diesel-electric locomotives was unable to compete with EMD, Alco, and GE. BLH left the locomotive business in 1956.

For a time, Clark Equipment Company manufactured Lima-brand construction cranes in the old plant. Most of the company's records and builder's drawings have been transferred and are housed in the California State Railroad Museum's library in Sacramento, California.

Preserved Lima steam locomotives
Many Lima-built steam locomotives are preserved across the United States. Numerous Lima-built engines are still operational, especially Shay-type locomotives. Shays are operated at the Colorado Railroad Museum, the Cass Scenic Railroad, the Georgetown Loop Railroad, the Mount Rainier Scenic Railroad, and the Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad. Other widely known preserved Lima-built steam locomotives include Southern Pacific 4449, Nickel Plate Road 765, Pere Marquette 1225, Chesapeake and Ohio 614, Texas and Pacific 610, Atlanta and West Point 290, Boston and Maine 3713, Tioga Lumber Company Shay C/N 1568 in Harrod, Ohio, and Chesapeake & Ohio 1601 - an Allegheny locomotive displayed indoors at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

Lima-built USATC S160 Class 5197 is preserved at the Churnet Valley Railway in Staffordshire, UK. In Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary, Alberta operates a 0-6-0 Switcher Locomotive CPR 2024. Built in 1944 by lima. It was originally US Army 4076 and was never owned by Canadian Pacific Railway.

Timeline

 * 1877: Lima Machine Works is established to produce agricultural and sawmill equipment.
 * 1878: Lima Machine Works builds the first Shay type locomotive.
 * 1892: Lima Machine Works reorganizes and emerges as Lima Locomotive & Machine Company.
 * 1911: Lima begins manufacturing locomotives for Class I railroads.
 * 1912: Another reorganization and Lima emerges as Lima Locomotive Corporation.
 * 1916: Joel Coffin purchases Lima; the company is renamed Lima Locomotive Works.
 * 1922: Woodard's 2-8-2 NYC 8000, ancestor of "Super Power", is delivered.
 * 1925: Woodard's A-1, the prototype "Super Power" Berkshire type, takes to the rails.
 * 1942: Lima Locomotive Works was first company that started manufacturing M4A1 Sherman in February 1942 for British use.
 * 1944: Lima was sued for over 3 million dollars by the C&O. This lawsuit would kickstart Lima’s decline.
 * 1947: Lima is merged with General Machinery Corporation of Hamilton, Ohio. The new company is named Lima-Hamilton Corporation on July 30, 1947.
 * 1949: L-H’s last steam locomotive (NKP 779) is completed on May 13, 1949. Lima-Hamilton begins production of Diesel locomotives. Unsuccessful promotion of the 4-8-6. Production of Cranes and other construction equipment continues at the Lima plant.
 * 1951: Lima-Hamilton is merged with Baldwin Locomotive Works on September 11, 1951. The new company is named Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. L-H completes its last diesel, Pennsylvania Railroad A-3177 #5683 on September 12, 1951.
 * 1956: Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton exits the locomotive market on May 5, 1956, BLH completes its last diesel, Kaiser Bauxite Company RS-12 #104, exported to Jamaica.
 * 1972: Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton goes bankrupt in April, its assets are acquired by the Greyhound Corporation.
 * 1980: Production of cranes and construction equipment ends, Lima factory closed and sold.
 * 1998: The former Lima erecting shed and heavy Shay shops are torn down and broken up.

title: Lima Locomotive Works


text:
Bernard Loiseau

Bernard Daniel Jacques Loiseau (13 January 1951 – 24 February 2003) was a French chef at Le Relais Bernard Loiseau in Saulieu, Côte-d'Or. He obtained three stars in the Michelin Guide and had a peak rating of 19.5/20 in the Gault Millau restaurant guide. He was one of the most mediatised French chefs between the 1980s and 1990s.

In 2003, a short time after having become a member of the Relais & Châteaux association, Loiseau was downgraded from 19/20 to 17/20 in the Gault et Millau guide and received a strong negative media review from the gastronomic critic François Simon in the newspaper Le Figaro, but he still had his three stars in the Michelin Guide. As criticism continued to pour in and while the media speculated about a possible future loss of a Michelin star, he died by suicide by self-inflicted gunshot without giving any explanation. The theories aiming at explaining his death are the object of strong polemics. His decision was likely due to increased bouts of clinical depression.

Early life
Loiseau was born in Chamalières, in the Auvergne region of central France. He decided to become a chef as a teenager, apprenticing at the famous La Maison Troisgros run by the brothers Jean and Pierre Troisgros in Roanne between 1968 and 1971.

Career
In 1972, Loiseau began working for restaurateur Claude Verger at La Barrière de Clichy, and was soon hailed as a prodigy by the Gault Millau guide, a proponent of the nouvelle cuisine style that emphasised lightness and freshness in contrast to the cuisine classique of traditional French gastronomy. When Verger bought the formerly prestigious La Côte d'Or of Saulieu in 1975, he installed Loiseau as chef and soon stood aside to allow him to develop a highly personal style of cuisine. Loiseau bought La Côte d'Or from Verger in 1982, and the well known Michelin Guide bestowed the coveted three-star rating on his establishment in 1991. His fanatical attention to detail, frenetic work ethic, and discerning palate, propelled him to the top of his profession, and earned him a knowledgeable and loyal, but unforgiving and demanding clientele.

Bernard Loiseau established Bernard Loiseau SA in 1998, and was the first star restaurateur to establish the concept of having one's restaurant incorporated and traded. At the time of his death, he was the only French chef traded on the stock exchange. Under Bernard Loiseau SA, Loiseau published numerous books, established a line of frozen foods, and opened three eateries in Paris, in addition to running La Côte d'Or and its adjoining boutique shop.

The French government awarded him its highest honour, the decorations of Chevalier (Knight) de la Légion d'honneur in 1994, Chevalier (Knight) de l'Ordre national du Mérite in 1986, Officier (Officer) de l'Ordre national du Mérite in 2002 and Chevalier du Mérite agricole.

Death
In the late 1990s, a new form of Asian-inspired "fusion cuisine" swept France, catering to an international corporate class and pleasing trend-driven "foodies" (a neologism of the movement), which Loiseau resisted. The prevailing notion, however, was that the pre-eminent Loiseau's grip was slipping — that his cuisine and philosophy were being superseded by newer trends. He was by this time deeply in debt, and suffered from bouts of increasingly severe clinical depression.

Loiseau died by suicide on 24 February 2003, shooting himself in the head with a shotgun after presiding over the lunch service in his restaurant. The Gault Millau guide had recently downgraded his restaurant from 19/20 to 17/20, and there were also rumours in Le Figaro that the Michelin Guide was planning to remove one of La Côte d'Or's three stars.

Loiseau had made a life's ambition of becoming a three-star chef, a goal which had required 17 years of hard work at La Côte d'Or to achieve. After his death, three-star chef Jacques Lameloise said Loiseau had once confided, "If I lose a star, I'll kill myself". While it was later reported that Loiseau was despondent over his debt issues and decreasing patronage at his restaurant, Michelin still received blame in some accounts.

As of 2021 La Côte d'Or remains a two-star establishment in the hands of executive chef Patrick Bertron.

In popular media
The plot of the 2007 Pixar animated film Ratatouille has its roots in Loiseau's life story, with the film's character of chef Auguste Gusteau being inspired by both Loiseau and Paul Bocuse. La Côte d'Or was one of the restaurants visited by director Brad Bird and others in France.

title: Bernard Loiseau


text:
User talk:Ojones

Wikipedia is not a vanity press. It is an encyclopaedia. We would love if you would contribute to the encyclopaedia but unless you have done something notable (so that, for example, you would expect to see an article on yourself in a print encyclopaedia) you should not contribute an article about yourself. You can use your user page (outside of the main article namespace) to write about yourself. —Rory ☺ 11:39, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:JetStar_A320_HamiltonIsland.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:JetStar_A320_HamiltonIsland.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 00:15, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

File:Ojones smallPhoto.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Ojones smallPhoto.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Iazyges  Consermonor   Opus meum  07:15, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ojones