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Talk:Orchid (album)

Garbled syntax
<< the start end of "Requiem" was placed at the beginning of "The Apostle in Triumph" >>

What does this mean? Slicing 00:43, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

The consequence is that Requiem is shorter and TAiT is longer. HTH.--84.189.41.130 10:25, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Genre
One thing I wonder about, is if any of you editing this article have heard "Black metal" before. This album has no aspects of Death metal, Even the roars on this album and Morningrise are higher and more along the lines of the 90s Scandinavian Black metal.

It says in the article, that the album has the signature aspects of Opeth, the roaring and heavy guitar of death metal, And "Progressive" elements like singing and acoustic guitar, Bergtatt has screaming vocals, as well as clean vocals and acoustic guitar passages, And also, the "Heavy guitar" is in the style of black metal and not death metal, Not saying they didn't have more "Progressive" elements (They definitely seemed strange among the other 90s Black metal groups), Just saying that's not a good example of what's more "Progressive" about them.

Go listen to Nile and Cannibal Corpse, Then listen to Bergtatt and other early black metal albums and tell me which one is more similar. There's little, or nothing, Death metal about Orchid or Morningrise —Preceding unsigned comment added by Spydrfish (talk • contribs) 17:28, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Black metal definately needs to be in there. Anyone disagree? If not, I will add it. Erzsébet Báthory(talk 13:27, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Though Forget What I said About Early Black Metal...More like the Mid Era Black Metal Bands Such as The Aforementioned Ulver, Dissection and Abigor, All of Which have acoustic guitar passages, and melodic Synchronized Guitar and 3/4 tempos in a sort of early Opeth Fashion. Though Opeth admitted to influence from Iron maiden, which would have part in those elements in their music...

Yes there are some(and I say some) characteristics of Death Metal in their Earliest work, I don't agree entirely with my former statements. But also I don't find it necessary to add a genre nor mention it anymore considering there wouldn't be a source on them being influenced by Black Metal.

Spydrfish (talk) 02:53, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

I think I'd agree this is a black metal album. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.137.133.65 (talk) 08:04, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

I would tend to agree with Spydrfish on this one. Surely the death metal elements on this record are bleak but where can sources possibly be found other than Akerfeldt saying that the guitar parts were indeed "blackish." FireCrystal (talk) 08:15, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Can we add folk metal to this Wikipedia page or not? I do hear some elements in this album, but it's not based on "original research" or what the philosophy of Wikipedia believes; it's based on finding links that coagulate into this article--and not what's your perspective is. Most of the sound is in the sound of progressive death metal and progressive black metal, however, there's some elements if I do say so myself--but they're compounded together like an obscure puzzle that spirals out, you can evidently here. You decide on that one. I will find that link that admits has folk metal productions on their albums. And that one will be easily to find, honestly. panicpack121 12:10, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Alright, as soon as you find the link, feel free to add it. Make sure the link is a reliable source, or it's likely to be deleted. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 04:26, 13 August 2011 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Opeth orchid.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 18:19, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Black Metal
Really? Can we find a source on that? -MetalKommandant (talk) 00:32, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it doesn't seem like black metal. Backtable Speak to Me  about what I have done  04:38, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Recording and production section - equipment
Do we really need a list of every instrument used in the recording process? It doesn't seem all that notable that they used those specific instruments. I'd suggest removing that entire section, and adding the reference given as an External Link instead. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 06:02, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Those equipments are part of the production and and the recording sessions of the album, the better place to put it is in this section. T.R.Elven (talk) 18:06, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't disagree that they're part of the production and recording, but I don't see how they're notable in any way.

 * Looking at several featured album articles (Adore (The Smashing Pumpkins album), Achtung Baby, Blood Sugar Sex Magik, Dookie, Doolittle (album), God Hates Us All, Reign in Blood, Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses)), I don't see any lists of equipment. This makes sense, as a list like this is beyond an album article's general scope. It could be useful for some readers, however, which is why I suggest moving the link to the External Links section.

 * I really don't think this list adds anything to the article, other than taking up space, and should really be removed. If you can demonstrate how they are notable (perhaps a quote from a review or article about the album, saying how these specific instruments were integral to the creation and sound of the album), then you'd have a better case for keeping them. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 19:55, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

Looking at it this way, it's better as external link. The only equipament that was cited is the Trameleuc. I will add it on the external link section. T.R.Elven (talk) 21:41, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

Is the name "In The Mist She Was Standing" or "In Mist She Was Standing"?
Here it says "In Mist" but on Opeth.com it says "In The Mist"? So I really have no idea, does anyone have any proof or something like that for which one is right? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.52.27.178 (talk) 03:16, 21 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Allmusic says it's "In Mist" (here). Best place to check would be the back of the CD/LP though (I don't own this album, so I can't personally check). MrMoustacheMM (talk) 20:48, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

The album was well-received critically, even being called "unique"
Just sounds a bit daft to quote one word. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.216.237 (talk) 09:43, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110617080629/http://www.opeth.com/index.php/discography/show/tpl/orchid to http://www.opeth.com/index.php/discography/show/tpl/orchid
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140727070346/http://www.opeth.com/home/chapters/chapter-iii to http://www.opeth.com/home/chapters/chapter-iii

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title: Talk:Orchid (album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eduards Millers

Eduards Millers
One of a group of Latvian airmen that have been added recently. A few of them are perhaps notable because of decorations. The rest are no more notable than the millions who served in WWII. --LeeHunter 22:25, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. I have left a comment on his talk page. Thue | talk 22:27, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not notable. Geogre 03:00, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: File:47 Squadron RAF.jpg

title: File:47 Squadron RAF.jpg


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River Bann

The River Bann (from An Bhanna, meaning "the goddess"; Ulster-Scots: Bann Wattèr ) is the longest river in Northern Ireland, its length, Upper and Lower Bann combined, being 129 km (80 mi). However, the total length of the River Bann, including its path through the 30 km (19 mi) long Lough Neagh is 159 km (99 mi). Another length of the River Bann given is 90 mi. The river winds its way from the southeast corner of Ulster to the northwest coast, pausing in the middle to widen into Lough Neagh. The River Bann catchment has an area of 5,775 km2. The River Bann has a mean discharge rate of 92 m3/s. According to C. Michael Hogan, the Bann River Valley is a settlement area for some of the first human arrivals in Ireland after the most recent glacial retreat.

The river has played an important part in the industrialisation in Northern Ireland, especially in the linen industry. Today salmon and eel fisheries are the most important economic features of the river. The river is often used as a dividing line between the eastern and western areas of Northern Ireland, often labelled the "Bann divide". Towns, councils and businesses "west of the Bann" are often seen as having less investment and government spending than those to the east. It is also seen as a religious, economic and political divide, with Catholics and Irish nationalists being in the majority to the west, and Ulster Protestants and unionists in the majority to the east; and with the financial and industrial capital of Greater Belfast to the east with the west of the Bann being more agricultural and rural. The Lough Neagh catchment drains 43% of the landmass of Northern Ireland, as well as some border areas in the Republic of Ireland, all in Ulster. The Rivers Agency manages the water level in the lough using a barrage at Toome. The current drainage scheme was engineered by Major Percy Shepherd and was enabled by the Lough Neagh and Lower Bann Drainage and Navigation Act (Northern Ireland) 1955. The levels are regulated between 12.45 metres and 12.6 metres above Ordnance Datum, as defined in the Lough Neagh (Levels) Scheme 1955 (as amended).

Upper Bann
The Upper Bann rises at Slieve Muck in the Mourne Mountains, County Down and flows directly into Spelga Reservoir before continuing through a number of towns until after 64 km it joins Lough Neagh at Bannfoot, County Armagh. This stretch is one of the most popular coarse fishing rivers in Europe. At Whitecoat Point near Portadown it is joined by the Cusher River and connects with the now disused Newry Canal, which once gave access south to the Irish Sea.

Although the Upper Bann was officially abandoned as a navigation in 1954, it is still possible to navigate between Whitecoat Point and Lough Neagh. Entrance to the river from Lough Neagh is not easy, as the river is quite shallow at this point, and there are no navigation markers to assist. Once on the river, the jetties for the Bann Ferry are soon reached. It is possible to moor there, to visit the villages of Columbkille to the west or Bannfoot to the east. Bannfoot was originally called Charlestown after its builder, Charles Brownlow, who built it around 1830. Some 6 mi from the mouth, the river is crossed by the M1 motorway. The bridge is the lowest on the navigable section, with an air draught of around 10 ft, although in strong northerly winds, water backs up in the river and the headroom is reduced.

From the bridge it is around 3 mi to Portadown, and the river passes through pleasant rural scenery. Exploration of the town from the river is difficult, because water levels at Shillington Quay and at the jetty a little further upstream are very shallow. The river is crossed by the railway line from Portadown to Lurgan and then road bridges carrying the A3 road and the A27 road. The junction with the Cusher River and the entrance to the derelict Newry Canal is just over 1 mi from the final bridge, and navigation of the river is possible for a short distance beyond that point.

Upper Bann Bridges
Spelga Bridge, New Bridge, Eight Mile Bridge, Mill Bridge, Cavan Bridge, Mc Combs Bridge ,Bannfield Bridge, Tirkelly Bridge, Roughan Bridge, Seafin Bridge, Kates Bridge, Circular Rd Bann Bridge, Mulligans Bridge, Balilievey Bridge, Lisnaree Bridge, Lindsays Bridge, A1 Bypass Bridge, Bannbridge Bridge, Milltown Bridge, Point Bridge, Tullylish Bridge, Gilford Bridge, White Bridge, Dynes Bridge, Bann Bridge 1838, Shillington Bridge 1970, Bann Railway Bridge, M1 Bridge 1967.

Lower Bann
The Lower Bann flows from Lough Neagh at Toome to the Atlantic Ocean at Barmouth, located behind Portstewart Golf Club, between Portstewart and Castlerock. The Lower Bann is 64 km long and is a canalised waterway, with five navigation locks, at Toome, Portna, Movanagher, Carnroe and Castleroe. The river is very popular with water sports enthusiasts, anglers and cruisers and has minimal commercial traffic. It acts as most of the border between County Antrim and County Londonderry. The only commercial port on the river is at Coleraine. Ships from Londonderry Port and the Port of Belfast transfer coal and scrap metal.

The water level on the Lower Bann is controlled by the Rivers Agency using gates situated at Portna (near Kilrea) and The Cutts at Coleraine.

Lower Bann tributaries
Major tributaries include the Clady River Inveroe Burn, Agivey River, Macosquin Rhee River, Ballymoney River and Articlave River.

Lower Bann Bridges
The bridges over the Lower Bann are:
 * B18 Old Toome Bridge (1860s Old, 1968 New)
 * A6 New Toome Bridge (2003)
 * A42 Portglenone Bridge (1853)
 * B64 Kilrea Bridge (1783)
 * B66 Agivey Bridge (1859 Old, 1980 New)
 * A29 Sandelford Bridge (1975)
 * A2 Coleraine Bridge (1844)
 * Millennium Waterside Footbridge (2001)
 * Bann Bridge Railway Bridge (1924)

History
Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) described a river mouth called Αργιτα (Argita, "shining"), referring to the Bann. The Lower Bann provides the only outlet for Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles, which is fed by six major rivers, including the Upper Bann. The ability of the lake to absorb large quantities of flood water is limited, and consequently, the areas around the lake are prone to flooding. The Lower Bann encountered a large shoal of rock at Portna, which reduced the effectiveness of the outflow, and in 1738, Francis Hutchinson, the Bishop of Down and Connor petitioned the Irish Parliament to do something about the shoals, and hence the annual flooding that affected his people. Although Parliament responded encouragingly, no actual work was done, and the problem remained.

In 1822, the Scottish engineer Alexander Nimmo proposed a radical solution. The Newry Canal provided a route southwards from Lough Neagh to Carlingford Lough, but it rose to a summit and then descended again. His proposal was to lower the summit level so that it was below the level of Lough Neagh, remove all the locks, and so provide a second outlet to the sea. Not only would it solve the problems of flooding, but would also solve the inadequate water supply for the canal, eliminate lock maintenance, and could generate around 2,200 kW as the water would still have to fall by 13.7 m. The plan was a little too ambitious, and failed to win support.

In 1842, the Board of Works were authorised by an Act of Parliament to carry out works in the Lough Neagh basin, which would improve navigation, drainage and milling. A series of public meetings were held, and a survey was made of the Lower Bann. The Board of Works then instructed their own engineer to carry out a survey. John McMahon estimated that it would cost £183,775 to improve the Lower Bann from Lough Neagh to the sea, and that the navigation works accounted for less than half of this, with the drainage works making up the rest. Removal of the Portna shoal would reduce the level of the lake surface by some 1.8 m. The plan was well received, and work began in 1847.

Charles Ottley acted as chief engineer, but found difficulty in recruiting a labour force. The number of men looking for work had been reduced by famine and emigration, and the railways were competing for workers. The project took eleven years to complete. A double chambered lock was constructed at Portna, where the shoal was removed, and four other locks were needed to negotiate the difference in levels. Quays and swing bridges were erected, and various alterations had to be made around Lough Neagh to cope with the drop in the surface level. The final lock on the Lagan Canal, the Coalisland Canal and the Ulster Canal had to be rebuilt with a lower cill and deeper lock gates, and the River Blackwater had to be made deeper and wider. The cost of the project overran by £50,000 and the government was asked to make up the shortfall. The Upper Bann Navigation included the River Bann between its junction with the Newry Canal at Whitecoat Point and Lough Neagh, a route across Lough Neagh to the mouth of the Blackwater, and the lower 10.5 mi of the Blackwater as far as Blackwatertown. This was one of four works of navigation part funded by the Treasury during the famine years in Ireland. The other three were the Ballinamore-Ballyconnell Canal linking Lough Erne to the river Shannon across County Leitrim; Loughs Corrib, Mask and Carra in counties Galway and Mayo; and Lough Oughter and Lough Gowna in County Cavan. The Upper Bann Navigation was the only one completed to its full design extent. The Final Award for this scheme was made on 13 April 1859. The finished scheme was not well received by the counties through which it ran. As originally conceived, revenue from tolls and water power on the Lower Bann would finance maintenance work on the Upper Bann. Instead, three separate Trusts were set up. These were the Upper Bann Navigation Trust, the Lower Bann Navigation Trust and the Lough Neagh Drainage Trust. The adjoining counties appointed representatives to each, and also financed their continued operation. Those to the south of the lake had to contribute towards the drainage and navigation works which had been completed, and also find £800 per year for ongoing maintenance, with no source of income to cover it. Coleraine was expanded as a port, but even the Lower Bann did not generate the expected revenue, and the adjoining counties had to finance an annual deficit of around £400. A passenger service between Coleraine and Toomebridge was started in 1863, but the increased flow on the river made travel upstream difficult, and the service was abandoned. Like so many schemes that tried to combine drainage and navigation, this one did neither particularly well.

Flooding around the southern shores of Lough Neagh continued to be a problem, and in 1882 the chairman of Portadown Town Commissioners suggested that Alexander Nimmo's scheme should be revived. The Upper Bann would be made much deeper near the lough, so that its flow could be reversed, and the amount of water entering the lough reduced correspondingly. The proposal was no better received than when Nimmo had originally made it. Both the Monck Commission, which sat in the early 1880s, and an enquiry into the Board of Works held in 1887, suggested that for the benefit of flood relief, the navigation should be abandoned, and that the three Trusts were counter-productive. No action was taken, and when the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Sir Alexander Binnie, was asked for his advice in 1906, he came to a similar conclusion. He suggested that a canalised river, which in winter had a flow of between 188 and 376 m3/s was never going to succeed. Again his advice was ignored, as the navigation works were still relatively new. The counties continued to fund the annual deficit.

A proposal to build a hydro-electric scheme across the Lower Bann in 1925 came to nothing, and four years later, the Lough Neagh Drainage Trust and the Lower Bann Navigation Trust were disbanded, with the Ministry of Finance assuming responsibility for the river. The counties contributing to the Upper Bann Navigation Trust appealed for that to be disbanded too, but the appeal was refused and they had to continue funding it. Some improvements to weirs were made by the Ministry of Finance, and there was some traffic, consisting mostly of sand dredged from Lough Neagh and used by brickworks. Finally, in 1954, responsibility for the Upper Bann was transferred to the Ministry of Commerce, the Trust was disbanded, and the navigation was abandoned. The Lower Bann has seen an increase in use by pleasure craft, and now supports four marinas, two at Coleraine, one at Drumaheglis and one at Portglenone.

title: River Bann


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User talk:Drol

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page; Editing tutorial; Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article; Naming conventions; Manual of Style

Whosyourjudas (talk) 22:27, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drol


text:
Radisleben

Radisleben is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Ballenstedt.

title: Radisleben


text:
Aiguille de Bionnassay

The  Aiguille de Bionnassay (elevation 4052 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps in France and Italy. It has been described as "one of the most attractive satellite peaks of Mont Blanc", and is located on its western side. The mountain's south and east ridges form the frontier between the two countries, and its summit is a knife-edge crest of snow and ice. Reaching it via any route provides a "splendid and serious snow and ice climb".

Glaciers
Three significant glaciers originate on the slopes of the mountain: The Glacier de Bionnassay, the Glacier de Bionnassay Italien, and the Glacier de Miage.

The Glacier de Bionnassay is the most obvious glacial feature, arising on the north and north-west slopes of the Aiguille de Bionnassay as well as from the western side of the Dôme du Goûter and the Aiguille du Goûter. It descends for approximately 4.5 km, flowing north-westwards before turning north at the foot of the Nid d'Aigle to end some distance above the settlement of Bionnassay, continuing as the Torrent de Bionnassay. This hanging glacier on the north-west face of the Aiguille de Bionnassay provides a route of access for mountaineers with ice-climbing skills.

The Glacier de Bionnassay Italien arises from a cirque between the south eastern side of the Aiguille de Bionnassay, the Col de Bionnassay and the Calotte des Aiguilles Grises. It descends south-south west for 2.5 km below the Col Infranchissable, then turns south-east to merge with other glaciers, thence continuing as the Glacier du Miage (Ghiacciaio del Miage) – a total distance of approximately 9 km, forming the longest glacier in Italy.

The Glacier de Miage – not to be confused with the much larger Glacier du Miage on the Italian side (see above) – forms from snows collecting between the Aiguille de Tricot and the south-western face of the Aiguille de Bionnassay. The glacier descends in a south-westerly direction for approximately 2.5 km.

History
The first ascent of the Aiguille de Bionnassay was undertaken on 28 July 1865 by Florence Crauford Grove, Edward N. Buxton and Reginald S. McDonald, with guides Jean Pierre Cachat and Michel Payot. They ascended the north-west face to reach the ridge above the Aiguille de Tricot, from where they continued to the knife-edged summit ridge, arriving in a thunderstorm. A detailed account is given below.

The mountain's south ridge was first climbed on 13 July 1888 by Kaspar Maurer, Andreas Jaun and the Austrian diplomat Georg Gruber.

The east ridge was first climbed in descent as part of a traverse from the Dômes de Miage by Katharine Richardson, Emile Rey and Jean-Baptiste Bich on 13 August 1888.

The long west ridge was first climbed in its entirety from the Col de Tricot in 1911 by Fraulein Eleonore Hasenclever and Freulein H. Wirthl with M. Helff, K.G. von Saar and Richard Weitzenbock.

The complete north-west face route was finally climbed in 1926 by billionaire businessman and art collector, Robert Wylie Lloyd, with his guides Adolf and Josep Pollinger.

The first winter ascent of the Aiguille de Bionnassay was made on 20 March 1929 by A. Charlet, F. Frison Roche, H. Hoerlin, E.Schneider and H. Schroeder.

The north face was first climbed on 30–31 August 1953 by Bertrand Kempf and Claude Laurendeau. It is ranked as one of the most difficult ice walls in the Alps, and is rarely attempted.

Routes

 * North-West Face: Graded at AD, the route is a steep, glaciated face between 40 and 55 degrees. There are numerous small crevasses in its steep slope providing sufficient resting places to reduce the exposure, but it is a long, demanding route of over 1 km, and can be difficult in times of hard ice. Climbers usually start from the Tête Rousse Hut. It is regarded as the finest route on the mountain, and one of the best of its class in the Alps. After snow it is avalanche prone; in one such incident in 1968 four climbers died.
 * South Ridge: An ascent from the Col de Miage (Durier Hut) provides the easiest route to the summit. The route consists of snowy ridges, rock ledges and chimneys. It is graded at PD+ with rock pitches of II, often iced. A final steep snow ridge leads to the narrow and exposed summit on the French/Italian border.
 * East Ridge: Described as "a superb snow crest which is often precarious and delicate due to large cornices", the east ridge descends from the summit as an exposed and delicate knife-edge crest to the col de Bionnassay. It is graded AD and can be reached from a traverse of the Bionnassay, or from the Gonella Hut.
 * West Ridge: A long 3.4 km ascent from the Col du Tricot over the Aigulle du Tricot, graded at PD.
 * Traverse: Crossing the mountain as part of a three-day ascent of Mont Blanc involves climbing up the south ridge of the Aiguille de Bionnassay from the Col de Miage, then descending from the summit down its razor-sharp, icy, and often corniced east (frontier) ridge. From there the route climbs again up the west ridge of the Dome du Gouter, past the Vallot Hut, to reach the Bosses ridge and thence to the summit of Mont Blanc. The route has been described as 'a truly magical expedition of ice and snow aretes at great altitude'. The Durier Hut on the Col de Miage can either be reached directly from the village of Tresse via an increasingly broken slope of scree in its upper reaches, or via a traverse from the Conscrits Hut over the Dômes de Miage.

title: Aiguille de Bionnassay


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Harijs Klints

Harijs Klints
Another Latvian airmen who died in WWII. Not notable. --LeeHunter 22:28, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. Thue | talk 22:37, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Per above, not notable. Geogre 03:01, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)


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Brazil (Men at Work album)

Brazil is a live album by Australian band Men at Work, released in 1998. This album was recorded at a live show at Olympia music venue in Brazil, hence the title. It was first released there as Brazil '96, but for the international release, the year was removed and a new studio recording, "The Longest Night", was added.

Reception
In their retrospective review, AllMusic wrote that: "The new members sound almost identical to the originals, and with a stellar set list composed almost entirely of classic material, it's nearly impossible to hear the difference between the Men at Work lineups of 1996 and 1983."

Track listing
Notes:
 * All songs recorded live during Men at Work's tour of Brazil in May '96, except "The Longest Night" which was recorded in Secret Garden Studio (Melbourne) in March '98.

Personnel

 * Tony Floyd – drums on "The Longest Night"
 * Stephen Hadley – bass, backing vocals
 * Greg Ham – flute, guitar, harmonica, keyboards, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, vocoder, lead vocal on "Helpless Automaton", backing vocals
 * Colin Hay – guitar, lead vocals (except on "Helpless Automaton")
 * Simon Hosford – guitar, backing vocals
 * John Watson – drums (except on "The Longest Night")

Production

 * Producers: Greg Ham, Colin Hay
 * Engineers: David Dale, Greg Ham
 * Mixing: David Dale, Michael Letho
 * Editing: Greg Ham, Joe Privitelli
 * Programming: Greg Ham
 * Arranger: Toots Wostry
 * Coordination: Greg Ham
 * Photography: Greg Ham, Ana Hernandez, Isamu Sawa, Lupco Veljanovski
 * Art direction: Steve Hunt
 * Design: Steve Hunt
 * Concept: Greg Ham

title: Brazil (Men at Work album)


text: Talk:Brazil (Men at Work album)

title: Talk:Brazil (Men at Work album)


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Thames Estuary

The Thames Estuary is where the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea, in the south-east of Great Britain.

Limits
An estuary can be defined according to different criteria (e.g. tidal, geographical, navigational or in terms of salinity). For this reason the limits of the Thames Estuary have been defined differently at different times and for different purposes.

Western
This limit of the estuary has been defined in two main ways:

 * The narrow estuary is strongly tidal and is known as the Tideway. It starts in south-west London at Teddington Lock and weir, Teddington/Ham. This point is also mid-way between Richmond Lock which only keeps back a few miles of human-made head (stasis) of water during low tide and the extreme modern-era head at Thames Ditton Island on Kingston reach where slack water occurs at maximal high tide in times of rainfall-caused flooded banks. In terms of salinity the transition from freshwater to estuarine occurs around Battersea; east of the Thames Barrier the water is of notable brackishness where fish, particularly in dry summers on the flood (the incoming) tide, are estuarine.

 * The head of Sea Reach – the Kent / Essex Strait – south of Canvey Island on the northern (Essex) shore. This reach and all more eastern zones (a mixture of channels and shoals) have a width that contributes to the large, archetypal, internal but mainly submerged sandbanks. These come from a combination of silt-borne fluvial and tidal scouring and deposition (silting).

Eastern
The transition between the Thames Estuary and the North Sea has been located at various notional boundaries, including:
 * The Yantlet Line between the Crow Stone (London Stone) on the northern foreshore at Chalkwell, Westcliffe-on-Sea and another London Stone off the Isle of Grain, to the south. (This marked the seaward limit of the river jurisdiction successively of the City of London and the Thames Conservancy).
 * A line between Havengore Creek, Essex (to the north), and Warden Point, east Sheppey, Kent (to the south), tallying with the easternmost hazardous point of the Nore sandbank. (This formed the seaward limit of the Port of London Authority on its establishment in 1908).
 * A line between North Foreland, Margate, Kent via the Kentish Knock lighthouse to Harwich in Essex. Here begin sandbanks of the bight of this shallow sea. Per a Hydrological Survey of 1882–9. (This tallies with the eastern edge of the current seaward limit of the Port of London Authority as defined in 1964).

Tides
The estuary just east of the Tideway has a tidal range of 4 metres. Winds excluded, it moves at 2.6 knots in bi-monthly spring tides.

Shipping
The estuary is one of the largest of 170 such inlets on the coast of Great Britain. It constitutes a major shipping route, with thousands of movements each year, including: large oil tankers, container ships, bulk carriers (of loose materials/liquids), and roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ferries. It is the accessway for the Port of London (including London Gateway, associated Tilbury and Purfleet) and the Medway Ports of Sheerness, Chatham and Thamesport.

The traditional Thames sailing barge worked in this area, designed to be suitable for the shallow waters in the smaller ports.

Wind farms
A 2000s-decade-built wind farm is 8.5 km north of Herne Bay, Kent, on a shoal south-west of Kentish Knock. It is 30 wind turbines generating typically 82.4MW of electricity.

The much larger 630 MW London Array was inaugurated in 2013.

Greater Thames Estuary

The term Greater Thames Estuary applies to the coast and the low-lying lands bordering the estuary. These are characterised by the presence of mudflats, low-lying open beaches, and salt marshes, namely the North Kent Marshes and the Essex Marshes. Human-made embankments are backed by reclaimed wetland grazing areas, but rising sea levels may make it necessary briefly to flood some of that land at spring tides, to take the pressure off the defences and main watercourses.

There are many smaller estuaries in Essex, including the rivers Colne, Blackwater and Crouch. Small coastal villages depend on an economy of fishing, boat-building, and yachting. The Isle of Sheppey, the Isle of Grain, Canvey Island, Two Tree Island, Havengore Island, New England Island, Rushley Island, Potton Island, Foulness Island and Mersea Island are part of the coastline.

Where higher land reaches the coast, there are some larger settlements, such as Clacton-on-Sea to the north in Essex, Herne Bay, Kent, and the Southend-on-Sea area within the narrower part of the estuary.

The Thames Estuary is the focal part of the 21st-century toponym, the "Thames Gateway", designated as one of the principal development areas in Southern England.

The Thames Estuary 2050 Growth Commission report published in June 2018 identified the economic potential of the region. In 2020 the Thames Estuary Growth Board was appointed, led by government-appointed Envoy Kate Willard OBE, to unlock the potential of the UK's number one green growth opportunity.

Entrepreneurs and investors have looked at the greater estuary as a possible place for a new airport, and have expanded Southend Airport in the 2010s, which has a rail link to Liverpool Street station, London among others.

Salinity
The Thames flowing through London is an archetypal, well-developed economy urban, upper river estuary with its sedimentary deposition restricted through manmade embankments and occasional dredging of parts. It is mainly a freshwater river about as far east as Battersea, insofar as the average salinity is very low and the fish fauna consists predominantly of freshwater species such as roach, dace, carp, perch, and pike. It becomes brackish between Battersea and Gravesend, and the diversity of freshwater fish is smaller, primarily roach and dace. Euryhaline species then dominate, such as flounder, European seabass, mullet, and smelt. Further east salinity increases and conditions become fully marine and the fish fauna resemble that of the adjacent North Sea, a spectrum of euryhaline and stenohaline types. An alike pattern of zones applies to the aquatic plants and invertebrates.

Cultural references
Joseph Conrad lived in Stanford-le-Hope close to the Essex marshes. His The Mirror of the Sea (1906) contains a memorable description of the area as seen from the Thames. He refers to this area in the first pages of his novel Heart of Darkness, describing it as both the launching place of England's great ships of exploration and colonization and, in ancient times, the site of colonization of the British Isles by the Roman Empire.

 * Accent

The form of speech of many of the people of the area, principally the accents of those from Kent and Essex, is often known as Estuary English. The term is a term for a milder variety of the "London Accent". The spread of Estuary English extends many hundreds of miles outside London, and all of the neighbouring home counties around London have residents who moved from London and brought their version of London accents with them, leading to interference with the established local accents. The term London Accent is generally avoided, as it can have many meanings. Forms of "Estuary English", as a hybrid between Received pronunciation and various London accents, can be heard in all of the New Towns, all of the coastal resorts, and in the larger cities and towns along the Thames Estuary.

Channels
For commercial shipping rounding the Nore sandbank and thus accessing Greater London, main deep-water routes were the Princes-Queens Channel and the South Channel to the south, to a lesser extent the Kings Channel and the Swin to the north. The Swin was used by barges and leisure craft from the Essex rivers, and coasters and colliers from the north east. These channels were made up of natural troughs; Yantlet Channel (Sea Reach), Oaze Deep, Knock John Channel, Black Deep/Black Deep Channel which have been much-marked. These are separated by slow-moving sandbanks with names such as the East and West Barrows, the Nob, the Knock, Kentish Knock, the John, the Sunk, the Girdler, and Long Sand/the Long Sands.

Shallow-bottomed barges and coasters would navigate the swatchways at flood tide, and would cross the sand banks at spitways, points where the water was least shallow, and just deep enough at that point of the tide. If they missed the moment they would heave to (lay anchor) and wait for the next tide.

Recreational craft are expected use channels most suited to the size of their vessel. Their main guide says to use when navigating to or from:
 * the north: the Middle Deep, Swin, Warp and Barrow Deep.
 * the south/due east: the Horse and Gore and Four Fathom Channels.

To cross the south-east quarter of the estuary large vessels use Fisherman's Gat, and small vessels to were expected to use Foulger's Gat.

History
Provision of buoys and beacons for the purpose of navigation came relatively late to England (compared to the Netherlands, for example). Instead, coastal navigators and pilots relied on the use of transits (the alignment of prominent structures or natural features on land) for guidance. In 1566 Trinity House of Deptford (which oversaw pilotage on the Thames) was empowered to 'make, erect and set up [...] beacons, marks and signs for the sea' (albeit at its own expense). Not long afterwards, the decay of the steeple of Margate Church (an important landmark for negotiating 'the Narrows', a complex route between sandbanks used by vessels sailing to or from London along the North Kent coast) led to Trinity House marking the Narrows with buoys in the late 16th century.

In his coastal survey of 1682-93, Greenvile Collins records five buoys around the Narrows, just north of Reculver, on the southern approach to the Thames. The Swin (the northern approach) was marked with buoys at the easternmost points of the Gunfleet, Middle and Buxey sands, and by beacons on the Whitaker, Shoe and Blacktail spits. A buoy marked the easternmost point of the Nore sandbank at this time, and three more buoys marked sandbanks in the middle part of the estuary (Spaniard, Red Sand and the Oaze).

The Nore Lightship, the world's first lightvessel, was established in the Estuary as a private venture in 1732 to mark the 'best position for entering the Thames and Medway, and to clear the Nore Sand'. The coastwise approach from the north was aided by the establishment of the Sunk lightvessel in 1802 'to mark the north-east entrance to East Swin, and to guide vessels round Long Sand'. Later, the Swin channel was further marked by lightvessels at Swin Middle (1837) and Mouse (1838), and by screw-pile lighthouses on the Maplin Sands (1841) and at Gunfleet (1856). Meanwhile, one of the outlying sandbanks of the Estuary was marked by a lightvessel at Kentish Knock (in 1840); and in due course the southern approach was marked by lightvessels at the Tongue (1847) and Girdler (1848) sands, with another being added (between these two) in the Princes Channel (1856). In 1851 two more screw-pile lighthouses were built further upriver, on the northern foreshore of Sea Reach: at Mucking and on the Chapman sands (just off Canvey Island).

Prior to 1684 beacons were set up on the mudflats north of the Swin channel, to help vessels approaching the Thames from the north to navigate the sands. Pan-sand Beacon was set up by Trinity House in 1774 to mark a dangerous sandbank on the southern approach. Similar daymarks were set up on other nearby sandbanks in later years, including on Margate Hook (1843), Middle Ground (1844) and Shingles (1846). Trinity House also maintained beacons further upriver, including at Broadness (established in 1821), Stoneness (1839), Erith (1830) and Tripcock (1832).

In 1864 responsibility for maintaining the navigation lights of the River Thames between London Bridge and Yantlet was transferred by Act of Parliament from the Thames Conservancy to the Corporation of Trinity House; responsibility for buoyage was transferred likewise in 1878. In 1885 the beacons at Broadness and Stoneness were replaced with iron-frame experimental lighthouses, each lit by a novel system which would allow the light to function unattended (except for a twice-weekly visit by a boatman for cleaning and maintenance). Broadness was lit by Pintsch gas, and Stoneness by a Lindberg light (which burned petroleum naphtha). At the same time Trinity House began experimenting with the application of lamps to buoys, using Pintsch's oil-gas system, beginning with three in the Thames Estuary (East Oaze, Ovens and Sheerness Middle); the experiment was deemed a success and subsequently further buoys and beacons were lit by Trinity House using the same system, in the Estuary and beyond.

Today the Port of London Authority's Thames Navigation Service (established in 1959) is responsible for buoyage, beaconage and bridge lights on the Tideway. Trinity House remains responsible for aids to navigation in the wider estuary (and beyond).

Thames estuary navigation marks
This table shows, from west to east, the principal navigation lights, buoys and other marks to the north (port) and south (starboard) of the main deep-water channels of the River Thames from Gallions Reach to the Sunk Light Float. The Thames is in IALA region A so port buoys are red and starboard buoys are green.

title: Thames Estuary


text: User talk:209.239.9.14

title: User talk:209.239.9.14


text:
Project architect

In architecture, a project architect (PA) is an individual who is responsible for overseeing the architectural aspects of the development of a design, production of the construction documents (plans), and specifications, from which actively uses a variety of intellectual disciplines in engineering, law, and business, for the projects of the architectural environment.

Roles
The position generally involves coordinating the needs of a client, designer, technical staff, outside consultants such as structural, civil, and mechanical engineers, as well as interior designers and landscape architects.

The specific tasks of a project architect are usually associated with architectural design, construction materials and methods and the production of construction documents (floor plans, elevations, etc.). Other responsibilities range from client relations to zoning and building code management, material specifications, maintaining quality control by checking and making revisions to shop drawings.

The project architect can also assume the role of the project manager (PM) in a small studio, but typically, the project architect is only responsible for the design management of a building project, assisted by interns and other staff. A project architect is required to be registered as an architect in the state in which they are performing the role. Intern architects may perform the role under the supervision of a registered architect but may not sign or seal legal documents.

The project architect may, but does not often, sign contracts, or seal construction documents or payment applications, which are most often legally signed and sealed by a state registered owner or partner of the architectural office. This liability is covered by the firm, and the legal responsibility for any architectural design errors and omissions ultimately falls on the registered architect; the owner or partner in an architectural firm.

title: Project architect


text: Category:Olympic sailors for Norway

title: Category:Olympic sailors for Norway


text:
Talk:FN Five-seven

Five-SeveN and the 5.7x28 cartridge
The handgun known as the "Five-SeveN" was, indeed, designed around the 5.7x28mm cartridge. Unlike weapons like the Glock or a Mac the Five-SeveN was never conceived of outside of the context of the round that it fires. It was made to compliment the P90 'PDW' and to be marketed to security forces to compliment the purchase of the P90. In other words, FN created the Five-SeveN entirely because they wanted to sell the P90 to NATO as the PDW of choice. Obtaining that contract was the reason they created the handgun, and the gun is very different from other handguns because of that, as opposed to having peculiar characteristics for the sake of being innovative.

IMHO you cannot discuss the gun without first discussing the 5.7x28mm cartridge. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by W3bj3d1 (talk • contribs) 22:39, 2006 August 8 (UTC)

You have already stated the cartridge connection in the first paragraph. All remaining goes under Development and History. This is not a sales brochure. Wonderactivist (talk) 10:07, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

1,510 m?
What is this "Maximum range - 1,510 m"? Five-seveN has maximum range of 1510 m (fifteen ten/one thousand five hundred and ten) or one meter and 510 (1,510 m)? Tekogi (talk) 10:19, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
 * One thousand five hundred and ten (obviously). Commas are used per the Wikipedia MOS. ROG5728 (talk) 18:58, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Think of the comma as a period with a tail on the end. --PixieDragon (talk) 07:31, 20 June 2014 (UTC)--

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Change title to FN Five-seveN
Five-seveN is the official name to the gun, so lets just change the name from Five-seven to Five-seveN Rzzor (talk) 18:37, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
 * WP:Trademarks advises against using stylised capitalisation, even if it is the official name. Loafiewa (talk) 18:54, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:FN Five-seven


text:
Talk:Deca-

Three Deca articles
Currently, Wikipedia has the following articles:

Do any registered Wikipedians suggest any page moves?? 66.32.251.248 22:32, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Deca - the SI prefix for 10
 * Deca- - the numerical prefix for 10
 * Deca (slang) - the slang term
 * DECA- Distributive Education Clubs of America

 * Personally, I would favour merging the numerical and SI articles, if this can be done carefully. However, I would wish to distance both these articles from street slang article. Ian Cairns 22:36, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Abbreviations like DKL
My son's Algebra 1 text has dkl for decalitre. It might be worth including a mention of abbreviations with that as an example, but if so I'm not sure where to put it in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BobEnyart (talk • contribs) 14:15, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Is this a disambig
This doesn't seem to be a disambig page to me - it's an article discussing "Deca". Can I remove the disambig?

 * Removed. If there are more alternative meanings added, a separate deca/deka (disambiguation) should be created, with only one disambiguation link here. Also removed the dictionary definitions for the numerical prefix, which belong elsewhere. The remaining definitions overlap enough not to justify separate articles. Femto 14:11, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Question!
How many people realy use the symbol "D" to represent deca. I like this idea. — Hurricane Devon  ( Talk ) 17:53, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Question back at you, does anyone acutally use deca, it seems much easier just to put another "0" on the end?--Commander Keane 14:31, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Decagrams are the normal (spoken) way to buy things like cheese, ham, salami etc. over a counter in Slovakia. On paper they use grams though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.212.36.193 (talk) 20:31, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

dekatherms is common usage for Natural Gas volumes where 1,000 cubic feet (1 Mcf) = 1 dekatherm (10 therms). (Philbert) 2605:A000:1407:8021:1969:BD73:88F4:989B (talk) 12:31, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

 * It exists, but I don't know how common it is. There are some parts of the US where the suppliers bill like that, but I don't know if there is any usage outside the US at all.  Rwessel (talk) 22:33, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

1795
"adopted by France in 1795" - can somebody provide a cite? I've also found 1793 on the net. Femto 14:11, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

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Proposed merge of Deca- (prefix) into Deca-
Deca- (prefix) deals with the historical and non-SI aspects of Deca-, while Deca- deals with the SI aspect of Deca-. This is unique because all other metric prefixes share a common article for all use cases, SI and otherwise. Further, neither Deca- nor Deca- (prefix) is so large that separate article would make sense. Therefore, I propose to merge both the articles. —CX Zoom[he/him] (let's talk • {C•X}) 15:24, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Support: same thing. JoshuaAuble (talk) 23:45, 17 April 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 12:31, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deca-


text:
User:JoBjørn

Curious Farmer/Pilot from Norway.

title: User:JoBjørn


text:
Aero-Club der Schweiz

The Aero-Club der Schweiz is Switzerland's national aero club, based in Luzern. It claims an active membership of 21,000, amongst some 350 local groups. The club commissioned the Ultimate EA230 aerobatics plane from Walter Extra.

title: Aero-Club der Schweiz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Uffz.Julijs Stars

Uffz.Julijs Stars
Another pilot. Had an accident during a training flight and died. Nothing notable. --LeeHunter 22:34, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. Thue | talk 22:40, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable now. Geogre 03:04, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete along with next WW2 combatant on VfD. Not notable. --Improv 20:51, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Huperprogeny

Huperprogeny
Google on the word itself produces not a single hit. "Gender-neutral" does not produce anything immediately recognizable as relevant. Smells like a subtle attempt to parody gender-neutral neologisms; even if it is not a parody, it appears to be a non-notable neologism. -- Antaeus Feldspar 22:34, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete joke. Thue | talk 22:47, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete joke. Dsmdgold 22:51, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --LeeHunter 23:08, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: One of the many attempts at demonstrating how awful "PC" was. It faded along with its target. Geogre 03:02, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. --Improv 20:50, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Joke, belongs to BJAODN. Delete - Mike Rosoft 12:11, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Vin Weber

John Vincent Weber (born July 24, 1952) is an American politician, lobbyist and former Republican Congressman from Minnesota.

Early life and education
Weber was born in Slayton, Minnesota. He attended the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities from 1970 to 1974.

Career
Weber was press secretary to Representative Tom Hagedorn from 1974 to 1975 and a senior aide to Senator Rudy Boschwitz from 1977 to 1980. He had been the co-publisher of Murray County newspaper from 1976 to 1978 and the president of Weber Publishing Company. Weber was a delegate to the Minnesota State Republican conventions in 1972 and 1978. In 1980, at the age of 28, he was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, defeating Archie Baumann, 53% to 47%. Baumann had been an aide to former Representative Richard Nolan.

Weber chose not to run for reelection in 1992 and retired from Congress following the House banking scandal, in which he was implicated for writing 125 bad checks worth nearly $48,000.

As secretary of the House Republican Conference and key adviser to incoming Speaker Newt Gingrich, he was considered one of the architects of the Republicans' success in 1994. He was a commentator on National Public Radio (NPR) the following year about developments in Congress after the Republicans took control of the House, providing commentary on the "revolution" he had helped create. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting reported that Weber frequently offered his opinions on NPR about health care issues, but never revealed that he was a paid lobbyist for several health insurance giants.

Weber was a member of the now defunct Project for the New American Century (PNAC) and was one of the signers of the PNAC Letter sent to US President Bill Clinton on January 26, 1998, advocating "the removal of Saddam Hussein’s regime from power", along with Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and 29 other notable Republicans.

Weber opened and managed the Washington, D.C. branch of lobbying firm Clark & Weinstock. In 2006, home mortgage giant Freddie Mac paid Weber $360,297 to lobby on its behalf to fend off meaningful regulation in the lead-up to the subprime mortgage crisis. Weber also lobbied for Gazprom, Russia's state-owned natural gas company. In 2011, Clark & Weinstock merged with Mercury, and Weber became a partner in the combined firm.

Weber is a prominent strategist in the Republican Party, serving as a top advisor on Dole for President in 1996, the Bush reelection campaign in 2004, and Romney for President in 2008. Weber is chairman of the National Endowment for Democracy, a private, nonprofit organization designed to strengthen democratic institutions around the world through nongovernmental efforts. He is a senior fellow at the Humphrey Institute at the University of Minnesota, where he is co-director of the Policy Forum. He also serves on the Advisory Board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School and the nonprofit America Abroad Media.

Weber is a board member of several private-sector and nonprofit organizations, including ITT Educational Services, Department 56, and the Aspen Institute. He also serves on the board of The Council on Foreign Relations and co-chaired the Independent Task Force on U.S. Policy toward Reform in the Arab World with former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. In addition, Weber is a member of the U.S. Secretary of Energy's Advisory Board.

Weber was one of the Republicans who turned against the surprise Donald Trump candidacy, telling CNBC on August 3, 2016, "I can't imagine I'd remain a Republican if he becomes president." But in 2019, Weber said that the Trump administration "was not as bad as I thought it would be" and that he would "probably" support Trump for reelection.

On August 17, 2016, the Associated Press reported that Mercury Public Affairs LLC, which Weber heads, had received $1.02 million from Paul Manafort's European Centre for a Modern Ukraine to lobby Congress to support pro-Russia Viktor Yanukovich during the Autumn 2012 Ukrainian elections and to block the release from prison of Yanukovich's rival, Julia Tymoshenko. For his lobbying Congress on behalf of pro-Russia entities, Weber received at least $700,000.

Established in 2012, the European Centre for a Modern Ukraine had been supported by Yanukovich's pro-Russia Party of Regions and continued to pay Mercury for lobbying until February 2014, when Yanukovich fled Ukraine for Russia after the Maidan revolution. From 2012 until February 2014 and directed by Paul Manafort and Rick Gates, Weber, who was the principal for Mercury's Ukraine-related lobbying portfolio beginning in 2012, acted as an unregistered agent of a foreign government and foreign political party, a felony offense under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), with a penalty of up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000. On April 28, 2017, Mercury retroactively filed with FARA within the Justice Department that it had been hired by the European Centre for a Modern Ukraine. Mercury had filed its lobbying efforts with Congress under the Lobbying Disclosure Act. Files between Mercury and the Manafort and Gates firms connected to Yanukovich and his Party of Regions were subpoenaed by the Mueller investigation.

In July 2018, New York prosecutors were referred by Mueller to investigate any wrongdoing by Weber and Mercury Public Affairs LLC. The Department of Justice dropped the probe of Weber and Mercury Public Affairs LLC in September 2019.

title: Vin Weber


text:
Division of Swan

The Division of Swan is an Australian electoral division located in Western Australia.

Swan is a marginal electorate that has swung between both major political parties in the past two decades. It extends across the Swan River from central Perth, and covers most of the area between the Swan and Canning Rivers.

The seat includes a mix of incomes and housing types, from low-price flats to affluent suburbs with Swan River views. The electorate includes the campus of Curtin University, the Welshpool and Kewdale industrial areas, and Perth Airport. Swan covers 151 sq. kilometres.

The current MP is Zaneta Mascarenhas, a member of the Australian Labor Party. She was elected in the 2022 election.

History
The division is named after the Swan River. For several decades, it has been a marginal seat, extending along the Swan and Canning Rivers from the affluent suburbs in the City of South Perth to the west, which typically vote for the Liberal Party, to the City of Belmont to the east and parts of the City of Canning to the south-east, which are more working-class in orientation and typically vote for the Labor Party. A redistribution ahead of the 2010 election added the strongly Labor-voting suburb of Langford, which was previously within Tangney, which made it a notionally Labor seat. Langford was redistributed to Burt in 2016.

The division was one of the original 65 divisions contested at the first federal election. Historically, the electorate was a country seat extending north to Dongara, east to Merredin and south to the coast. It contracted to an area east of the Darling Range and became a safe Country Party seat. Prior to the 1949 election, its old area became the new seat of Moore, while Swan moved into approximately its present position, although initially extending as far north-east as Midland.

From 2004 to 2007 it was the third most marginal electorate in Australia, after Hindmarsh and Kingston, with the ALP incumbent Kim Wilkie winning 50.08 percent of the two-party-preferred vote in 2004.

At the 2007 election, Liberal candidate Steve Irons won the seat with a swing of 0.19 percent. Irons was the only Coalition challenger to unseat a Labor incumbent at the 2007 election. However, the election came at a very bad time for the state Labor government, which was only polling at 49 percent support at the time the writs were dropped. Irons was re-elected with a slightly increased majority in 2010, making it a fairly safe Liberal seat. Following the 2016 election Labor candidate Tammy Solonec managed to return Swan to marginal status.

Steve Irons retained the seat in the 2019 election. Hannah Beazley contested the seat for Labor but ultimately conceded defeat. After Steve Iron's retirement at the 2022 Australian federal election, the seat was contested by Kristy McSweeney from the Liberal Party. She was defeated by Zaneta Mascarenhas from the Labor Party.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

In August 2021, the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) announced that Swan would lose the suburb of Wilson to the seat of Tangney and gain the suburbs of Maida Vale and Wattle Grove and the remainder of Forrestfield and High Wycombe from the seat of Hasluck. These boundary changes took place as of the 2022 election.

Swan is bordered by the Swan River in the north and west, the Canning River and the City of Canning in the south, and Roe Highway, Great Eastern Highway and Perth Airport in the east. Suburbs include:

City of Belmont

 * Ascot
 * Belmont
 * Cloverdale
 * Kewdale
 * Perth Airport
 * Redcliffe
 * Rivervale

City of Canning

 * Bentley
 * Cannington
 * East Cannington
 * Queens Park
 * St James
 * Welshpool

City of Kalamunda

 * Forrestfield
 * High Wycombe
 * Maida Vale
 * Wattle Grove

City of South Perth

 * Como
 * Karawara
 * Kensington
 * Manning
 * Salter Point
 * South Perth
 * Waterford

City of Swan

 * South Guildford (part)

Town of Victoria Park

 * Burswood
 * Carlisle
 * Lathlain
 * East Victoria Park
 * St James
 * Victoria Park

title: Division of Swan


text:
Talk:Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives

Oops.. I've just gone and formatted the article Australian Electoral Divisions, that someone wrote today - and then I realised that this one existed.. (actually I knew about this one, but must have forgotten about it, or thought I was editing it). The two articles should be merged somehow. -- Chuq 22:37, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

All that needs to happen is that the Divisional names at this article should be Wikified. The other article can then be abolished. I will update the maps and tables at this article when the count is finished, which should be by the end of this week. Adam 00:16, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Is it still necessary to have the opposing candidate listed there, seeing as the election has now passed? Ambi 02:51, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

i think the pictures need to be updated to reflect the new seat holders Xtra 04:38, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I have updated the maps but the page continues to show the old ones - can anyone explain this? Adam 03:50, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

How many of the "original 75" from 1901 are left?

-	"This article has been rated as Low-importance on the importance scale."

Really? Seems harsh.

BTW, there is a new electorate in Qld (Wright), but we should probably wait until the next election to add it.

Ordinary Person 12:36, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It's actually called Flynn now - they renamed it due to connotations the name allegedly had with a former local MP convicted of child sex offences. Until the boundaries are established and published by the AEC for all electorates, there's no real need to write an article, beyond maybe a stub saying that it exists and the date of establishment Orderinchaos78 (t 23:19, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

recent election result
the recent election has seen a major change in seats held be the political parties the article needs to be updated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.161.51.235 (talk) 08:53, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

- why should the British word constituencies be used if it is not appropriate.

Electoral district boundaries
The article shows maps with the caption The maps below show the Division boundaries as they existed at the Australian federal election, 2010. Haven't there been any changes since 2010? I got the impression from this page that multiple electoral districts have been adjusted ... any Australians here who could update this information? --Furfur ⁂ Diskussion 09:30, 16 May 2016 (UTC)


text:
Ditfurt

Ditfurt is a municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Sites of interest
Ditfurt's history museum has crafts and information about the history of the village, it also displays the artifacts from the village's agricultural past.

title: Ditfurt


text:
Talk:Saguaro

Species
Maybe mention that it gets its name from Andrew Carnegie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.107.213.34 (talk) 23:17, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * FWIW, he is talking about the taxonomical/scientif classification. Skiendog (talk) 22:52, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Endangered status?
They're really listed as endangered? They're all over the place in southern Arizona. A2Kafir

 * "According to Kate Kajtha, a biologist at Boston University...Saguaro National Monument near Tucson has lost more than 50 percent of its giant cactuses in the last 50 years due to a mysterious affliction...Some scientists suspect that air pollution from local mining smelters may be involved, but the affliction...can be found even in remote parts of the Sonoran Desert in northern Mexico. This has led researchers to consider the possibility that the rapid spread of the disease may be linked to increased ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation...symptoms appear on the south side of the plant, the side getting the most sun and therefore the most UV-B rays. Tellingly, in shaded saguaros, the disease is not found at all." Kwantus 21:48, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC)

 * They may dominate the Sonora desert, but they are also endemic to it. Plus, protecting them protects wildlife that use them, such as gilded flickers, elf and pygmy owls, and desert tortoises.

There were side-by-side time-lapse photos showing the reduced population of saguaros decades ago; pollution? I am not sure where.

Growing Conditions
What type of conditions are needed for a saguaro to grow? Soil composition? Weather? Why does it naturally grow where it does and not in other places?Nestorfi (talk) 23:20, 28 January 2018 (UTC)

Where is it illegal? Nationally? Ealex292 20:27, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, the saguaro is a federally protected species.

Umm, I read somewhere that its rumor that it takes 75 years to grow a sideshoot, clarification anyone?

 * It takes about 50 years for a saguaro to *bud* a branch, and much longer to develop that branch into anything resembling an arm. So 75-100 years is about right for a saguaro with well-developed arms.

No thet're not listed as endangered. Accourding to Saguaro National Park Biologist Don Swann, "There is substinatial regrowth on the order of 125% of the Saguaro populations, that was on a decline during the early part of the century due to cattle and deforestation of local mesquite trees that serve as nurse trees for young Saguaros." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.83.15.194 (talk • contribs)
 * That doesn't mean that they're no longer listed as endangered. Do you have a reference to a published work that says otherwise, clearly and unequivocally?  Postdlf 20:51, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

No they're not endangered. http://www.desertmuseum.org/center/edu/faq_desert.php#4 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.83.15.194 (talk • contribs)
 * You keep using "endangered" in the factual sense, as in the question of whether this plant is actually in danger of extinction. The article uses it in the classificatory sense—has this plant been classified as "Endangered" by an authoritative body?  See Conservation status for an explanation.  That being said, I'd like a clear cite as to the Saguaro's present conservation status so we can just put this to rest.  Postdlf 00:21, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

A worker for the Royal Botanic Gardens has classified the entire Cactaceae family as endangered (Hunt, D. (comp.). 1999. C.I.T.E.S. Cactaceae checklist. Ed. 2. Royal Botanic Gardens & International Organization for Succulent Plant Study, Kew, England.), however, it is not on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife list of threatened or endangered species. The saguaro populations in arizona are fairly healthy and robust for now, but increasingly their habitat is being overrun by Buffel grass. Buffel grass carries fire well and frequently, and since it can take a saguaro ~25 years to grow above 1 meter, saguaro populations invaded by buffel grass or with the potential to be invaded by buffel grass will be wiped out through their inability to recruit new plants. I think the threat of buffelgrass alone puts the saguaro, and the entire Sonoran ecosystem as we know it today, in jepoardy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nenglish (talk • contribs) 03:55, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

One thing that did happen recently was that nearly all the saguaros in the Phoenix metro area that were in highway and street medians were removed, when it became apparent to those that maintained the roads that vehicle exhaust was affecting the plants adversely. Prior to the mid-90s it was common to see them in the landscaping on Phoenix's then-developing freeway system and in median strips or 'street islands' on many newer roads.

However, conflicting with that is the fact that Tucson area roads still have them. In fact, there's a gas station on Kolb Road that has one just feet from the road, right on the corner by the traffic light mast. It has at least three arms. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.27.128.110 (talk) 01:16, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Nurse Plants
Does anyone know more about the life cylce of the plant that can add information about the 'nurse plants' referenced in the quote below?
 * According to Saguaro National Park Biologist Don Swann, "...due to cattle and deforestation of local mesquite trees that serve as nurse trees for young Saguaros." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.69.137.39 (talk) 11:54, 4 May 2007 (UTC).

Saguaros propogate from seed and don't do that well out in the open. Birds eat the seeds and and set on limbs in larger Mesquite trees. The bird droppings contain saguaro seeds that germinate and begin growing under the Mesquite trees. Some of these trees can be sizeable, and they provide shade and nourishment for the new saguaro as it starts it's life. By the time the tree is old and dies the saguaro will be several feet high and can sustain life on it's own. The 'nurse plant' concept refers to the any tree large enough that could provide shade, nourishment and a place for birds to land and roost. However, most young saguaros are found under Mesquite trees. Thomas W. Bronk (talk) 21:09, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

Copyrighted image removed
It was a beautiful image, but I removed:

Image:single blossom small.jpg|Close-up of a flower

as it is copyrighted "All Rights Reserved" by the photographer, according to the image page. --NightMonkey 23:09, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

NRCS USDA Arizona Range Map
I'm entering a link to the Natural Resources Conservation Service database. Can someone explain how easy it is for them to update their Map profile? In Yuma County, Arizona, the Great saguaros continue to fluorish, and they alos live across the river in So. Calif., as their (CA) range map shows. Its range proceeds Northwestward towards the Mojave Desert, and should also be included in the lower elevations of Yavapai County, Arizona. So, I will enter these ( 2 ) range maps, and see if someone could get the USDA database updated with the two counties. --MichaelM..inYumaAZ--Mmcannis 04:17, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Generally, it is best to just add a single link to the main relevant page of an ext link (here http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAGI10 ) and then let people do their own navigating round the external site (it isn't our job to show what's where on extenal links!). If the info is incorrect, it's better not to add a link at all, and find a better one (e.g. the map at the Fl. N. Amer. page, already linked) - MPF 12:55, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Also not sure but aren't the same cactuses growing in Baja California? Or are those different giant cactuses? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.33.70.223 (talk) 19:51, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

To answer the question immediately above: The plants growing in Baja California are Cardons .. not Saguaros. They get mistaken for Saguaros all the time tho. I have to disagree with some things this page said that I know are wrong. I grew up here in Arizona and hiked most of it and I've never seen a 70 foot saguaro. A Cardon can reach about 60 to 70 feet with a whole lot more arms .. however .. I've never seen a saguaro anywhere close. The biggest Saguaro I've ever seen might be between 40 and 50 feet and it was definitely a grandfather. Secondly, the article says that Saguaros never grow from cuttings .. yet I've seen it and done it many many times. I have a photo of one I just specified for a client and it is just off the charts crazy looking .. it is a 5' multi-crested saguaro with many arms and the funny thing was that it was taken from a saguaro whose trunk had died and so a local cactus nursery took the arms, planted them and they grew. One of them was planted just two months ago on my client's property. That same nursery has about 20 Saguaros growing via Cuttings on their grounds. There is a little difference in the look of one grown from a cutting. It is a little fatter at the bottom from having to be planted to it's midsection. The seed Saguaros have a thin look at the base of the cactus. I would be more than happy to give you my own photographs for use here. The picture on this page looks like an anemic Saguaro ;) The fruit is - highly - edible and I stress highly because most people would never think it was edible to begin with. The fruit makes great jams and candy. I would say it tastes something between a Kiwi and a watermelon. Hard to describe the taste.  There are a bunch of Saguaros being planted most of the way up the 101 in Scottsdale btw. The Saguaro is a Keystone species and it should be mentioned.  The Saguaro supports all of life.  My God it has two root systems. It's shallow root system, I've read and heard, will give moisture to other plants around it in times of drought. The flying termite that lives in the saguaro doesn't like forest wood. It's amazing the process the Saguaro has that makes it's "Boots".  I liken it to the way our skin scabs over a cut, the Saguaro does the same thing when a bug or bird injures it flesh and it hardens into a nest. The reason they are called boots is because of the way a quintessential Boot looks like. I have a picture of a Saguaro up near Rio Verde that "scabbed" a whole arm when some type of disease, bug or pathogen attacked it. It's one of the wierdest things I've seen in plants. There are so many incredible facts surrounding Saguaros that I'm surprised there is not three pages of information on it. I came here thinking I could link to this wikipedia page to explain about Saguaros and I can't yet .. there is just not enough info and too much inaccurate information still. I'll sign my name to this paragraph because I don't have an account with Wikipedia and if anyone wants to contact me feel free, I will help with this article if someone thinks I could help. As for sources, most of what I said is from experience and being up close and sometimes too intimate with them. 68.225.208.64 (talk) 10:16, 28 February 2016 (UTC) greg yodis 68.225.208.64 (talk) 10:16, 28 February 2016 (UTC) gregyodisdesign@gmail.com
 * Hi, Greg. There are two equally important requirements of a good Wikipedia article: it should not say anything that isn't true; what it does say should be based on reliable sources (see WP:RS). So it would be great to add more accurate information, but it has be be based on sources, not anyone's personal experience. Peter coxhead (talk) 10:47, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

clarity of description?
I don't know enough about this plant to make the changes myself - I visited the page for information. I found paragraph 4, about the flowers & fruit of the plant, to be very confusing. Perhaps it was written by someone whose first language is not English? Perhaps another editor might be able to improve upon it. Astonspider 01:59, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

I too don't know enough to edit but found this sentence at the end of the first paragraph in the Flowers section difficult to understand: "Saguaros have a redundant pollination system, i.e. full fruit set is possible even if only a fraction of the pollinating species are present." --98.191.121.244 (talk) 20:12, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Side Arms
The current text says that the Saguaro cactus takes 75 years to develop a side arm. This is a little unclear:

1) what does "develop" mean? do the arms ever stop growing? 2) can the cactus grow multiple side arms at a time?

Many saguaros have multiple arms, and they seem to grow on a regulsr basis together. One plant I saw in a cemetery in the Tucson area has instead of a trunk above about five feet, two arms.

One large specimen observed NW of SR 188 on the old 'Grapevine Airport' road (led to an informal airstrip between the highway and Roosevelt Lake that was seldom used), had 48 live arms and around the base it was littered with a number of fallen arms. Some of the arms came out of longer arms. The cactus may have been larger than the 'Champion Saguaro' mentioned in the article. The plant may have since died as I saw it over 20 years ago last and some that I know have been by the area say it no longer sppears to be standing.

There was one with possibly 16 arms on SR 77 south of Kearney that was fairly close to the highway and quite visible as well, and there may be similar large specimens elsewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.27.128.110 (talk) 01:10, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Ribs
The article mentions the ribs of the saguaro, but does not elaborate. The only information about the ribs of the saguaro that the article contains is a picture of a dead saguaro.

It may be helpful to add a short description andor a diagram of the ribs of a saguaro. Such a description of the ribs would describe how many ribs there are, where they are found, how far under the surface of the plant they lie, etc. With this extra information, the other parts of the article that mention the ribs would make more sense. -- B.D.Mills  (T, C) 05:06, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

B.D. I have lots of nice pictures of the ribs from both outside and inside live saguaro cacti. How do I post them to the site? Maybe I can send them to you offline and you can post them? Cheers mate! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nenglish (talk • contribs) 04:00, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * 10 years later, this article is still unclear. The article is unclear because it lacks a separate section for a description of the plant. This is unusual for articles about plants. Compare these articles: Agave americana (Century plant), Sequoia sempervirens (Coast redwood). The article would be greatly improved if a separate Description section was added and the article reorganised.  B.D.Mills  (T, C) 03:33, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I added a short section on Saguaro ribs. It could stand further expansion, though, or some of those pictures.  I suspect a lot of people don't know what's inside there and the "skeletons" are quite interesting.  I don't think many people have studied the wood in any depth, though.  Mostly, it seems to get used for rustic-looking knick-knacks these days, if at all.  Even harvesting a bit of it requires written permission.  68.2.210.216 (talk) 19:23, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Highly edible?
From the section on the fruit, what does 'The fruits are highly edible' mean? How are they 'highly' edible, rather than just edible? And shouldn't that be plural 'fruit'. 'Fruits' if you're talking about different species' fruits perhaps but the plural of one type of fruit is fruit.Number36 (talk) 12:24, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Arborescent?
In the first sentence the word 'arborescent' is used, but I don't know whether that's intended to describe the saguaro's tree-like shape and character, or the woody structure of its trunk (I thought there are only woody ribs, not a solid wood trunk?). Anyhow, the term arborescent is linked to the eponymous concept in philosophy, which could conceivably if contrarily describe the plant's shape, although not its structure. In that article there was then a hatnote pointing those looking for the botanical meaning towards the article on woody plant, which would be right if arborescent here means the woody structure. Does anyone know which is the intended meaning, ie. which better describes the saguaro? Or would it be easier and clearer just to replace arborescent with 'tree-like' or words to that effect? DoubleGrazing (talk) 11:22, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
 * In botany, it has the meaning that Merriam-Webster online gives: "resembling a tree in properties, growth, structure, or appearance", so I think that substituting "tree-like" in the lead is a good idea. Peter coxhead (talk) 14:31, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that was my first thought also, but didn't want to go ahead and just assume. Thanks for making the edit. DoubleGrazing (talk) 15:14, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

units
this is a general-interest article on an article with strong ties to the us; per MOSNUM us-customary units are appropriate.

-mcpusc (talk) 08:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree. This is an article about a species of plant, primarily curated by WP:PLANTS. As such, it's a scientific article. Look at the list of references. Also the infobox is a taxobox, setting out the taxonomy of the species. Peter coxhead (talk) 08:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

I want to put something in Saguaro.
I want to add the fact that saguaros are protected into the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by THE SAGUARO IS THE BEST CACTUS (talk • contribs) 14:21, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The "Conservativion" section already describes that. If you have a specific addition, please propose exact wording and provide a reliable source to back up your claim. CaptainEek  Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 00:36, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

Food for wildlife and people
I find the section As food" misleading as it seems to me to imply that it's inedible by humans, since the section makes no mention of human consumption; yet the later section Ethnobotany does. I suggest changing the title "As food" to "As food for wildlife", similar to the section "Food for wildlife" in the dandelion article, as one way of fixing this. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 14:18, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @Coppertwig Good suggestion, implemented. CaptainEek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 18:46, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

culture
The O'odham peoples views on the Saguaro and its importance to their culture could be added - their views as the cactus being people and its origins

https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/550735/dp_02_01-002-061.pdf?sequence=1

[https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/sagu-saguaro-cacti-plant-story.htm#:~:text=The%20various%20O'odham%20peoples,increase%20protections%20on%20the%20species. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/sagu-saguaro-cacti-plant-story.htm#:~:text=The%20various%20O'odham%20peoples,increase%20protections%20on%20the%20species.] Artemis1414 (talk) 19:27, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Applied Plant Ecology Winter 2024
— Assignment last updated by Warmedforbs (talk) 01:26, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saguaro


text:
Talk:List of Australian Electoral Divisions

This article needs to be merged with Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives -- Chuq 22:38, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Brogdale

Brogdale is a hamlet in Kent, England, immediately south of the M2 motorway, 2 mi south of Faversham. It is one of several hamlets making up the civil parish of Ospringe and is in the Borough of Swale. Its western half is in the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

History
Brogdale was once called Brokedale. This name is shared with the family of John de Brokedale, its lords of the manor of the early middle ages. After no Brokedale sons or other male-line issue remaining, the manor was owned by John Clerk – living in Brogdale in 1383. In 1734, the manor was owned by John Knowler, Mayor of Faversham.

On 10 August 2003 the temperature at Brogdale reached 38.5 °C, once a record for the United Kingdom.

Farm
Brogdale Farm is home to the National Fruit Collection, one of the largest collections of fruit trees and plants in the world. Spread over 150 acre it hosts the collection since it moved from Wisley in 1952. In the 1980s, the Government cut funding to the site, with closure threatened by March 1990. In response, the Brogdale Horticultural Trust took over co-ownership of the farm with Wye College. It has been the home of Faversham miniature railway since 2001.

The farm runs regular fruit-themed festivals throughout the summer and autumn:
 * the Cherry Festival in July
 * the Cider Festival in August
 * the Apple Festival in October.

During the fairs, visitors can explore the orchards and several experts give talks on the produce.

title: Brogdale