text:
User:Improv/Quotes

Collected Quotes/conversations from Wikipedia

VRock

 * Should definately be kept, each soundtrack of Vice City has distinctive personalities. If it is deleted, it would be equivalent to deleting England as it is part of Europe, or deleting Windows because it is a kind of OS.
 * Can someone please save this comment for posterity? I love the statement that GTA: Vice City is equivalent to the continent of Europe. - KeithTyler 17:29, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * This conversation part of the VfD for VRock, a fictional radio station in the Grand Theft Auto video game --Improv 19:19, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Catriona LeMay Doan
Catriona LeMay Doan had many setbacks such as always training. If she was always training then she woundlnt have time to have a regular normal life. Another setback is the time when she fell. That was very unfortunate but she kaept trying and worked very hard and thats where she is today
 * Content of Catriona LeMay Doan/setbacks, which may have been deleted by now. --Improv 14:03, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Todd McCormick

 * !!!!!! First of all... you worship hitler if you think this should be deleted. While we're at it why don't we delete the article on Buddha? What's so notable about it? Expansion will come... it was just placed as a starting point. -- Unsigned by User:65.97.17.149
 * I'm baffled beyond belief. And it seems that I worship Hitler. -- Bob  Doe  07:38, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * ZEIG HEIL! VE MUST MERGE AND REDEERECT ZE MEDEECINAL MARIJUANA MAN! OOTEN EETEN HAUTEN GLOBEN! Lord Bob 08:03, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Part of the VfD for Todd McCormick --Improv 21:30, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Society of Biblical Literature
Hello, who knows THE HOLY SCRIPTURES AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS? I can be wondering a long time and what is the use on Sundays to tell/say/utter/pronounce/quote what you want from THE BIBLE or THE KORAN, who is able to quote THE HUMAN RIGHTS? What do you think of today's world? The religious peoples are totally inefficient and the polticians do only what they want, they do not care at all of all the poverty on Earth, so what is the use of any kind of materiality, yes of non-spiritual things? Who can tell me elements of THE BIBLE, for instance, also to punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity! And since years, more precisely since seven years in France, THE HUMAN RIGHTS were totally destroyed, what a shame, THE UNO, what is the use of such an assembly? I have been writing to them and no reply, how many letters will I have to send in New York City, just to be believed, and I do not know if they do believe at all, well, I do not care at all. In fact, I do not have a specific religion, I only consider THE TWO BOOKS and THE HUMAN RIGHTS, strangely, when I tell THE PURE TRUTH, I am not believed, no, never since 1997. Normally, you can travel freely from country to another without being strangely prevented from it, you can also marry the lady you want, no matter the nationality, the religion and so on, that is in the articles.What about the privacy of one person, there are too many events proving that things are against my three entities, previously written, interferring with the way of life, like in a comic-strip it is so strange. I could be adding lots of other details, and what for, pretty please? Who is able to tell me, why Hollywood is so powerful today? Why do I have to pay a matchmaker today, after seven years, simply to get hitched, with a lady, or now several, why not, to make up for the lost years of loneliness, maybe not, one is much enough, we will see, for more than one, it will cost much more expensive. Can you tell me why no lady is able to pick up a man, why could I not be asking all I want directly to the ladies I want? You know, it is just written by the way, I know, this is not a priority, well, what is a priority on that world? During some years I will have to earn money, yes a defence, with it, I will be able to achieve many possibilities, I will be able to buy ladies or pay the most efficient matchmakers on Earth. YOu know, each time I have been speaking, the ladies were refusing to answer my precious questions, that is why now, I do not undertake something and I am only relying on THE LORD, yes providence and hazard. In 2008, I will come in New York City with my parents and will have to pay the cheapest matchmaker over there. I will never pick up, this is vain and how could I be knowing if a lady is telling the truth, or not? Now, I am asking myself if I can trust just one Human, I do believe with all my heart, my mind and my soul, this is the more important ever, to be sure, one day, I shall be rewarded with honour and majesty. Another point, I have never seen All-American ladies in France, You have to know that when I was a teenager, my desire was there, I wanted to marry a Foreigner lady, it was something foreseen, not? When I do deem all what I could have been living in France since 1997, I only have one wish, not three, just one, we never know, it is to leave this country, well, I already have four bags with me, I told my parents that I will be coming back later and take some of my other belongings, they were agreeing. Then, in advance, I will thank the readers of my words, not desperate, but in need to be accepted like something true and not faked. I have found a site on the magical and powerful internet, created by who?, Peoplemeet.com, I hope to receive/get/have/obtain a positive answer as soon as possible, in fact this is an American matchmaker, perhaps, with some chance, I know I am lucky, I do not try to be more lucky than that, I should be making my luck more self-confident and more up-to-date, could be indeed. If I were not working until 2008, I could do/reach/achieve/make ready something smart, yes interesting, who knows save/but THE LORD? Who has the mind to agree or disagree on that world? Who is right and who is wrong? Why nobody is able to tell THE TRUTH? Who is faking THE TRUTH, the reality too since 1997? I can be wondering a long time, years ago, I did praise a lot, now, I see, it is maybe vain, THE LORD is doing only what pleases him. So, no religion, only THE PURE FAITH IN ITSELF. Why is America so powerful and unable to introduce me in France since 1997 to a deserved lady and to come and pick me up from the sort of hell happening here, I do precisely remember well, it was in Strasbourg, there I have been meeting a student, she had no time to have a drink, that is why now, I do not want to loose my time and get a negative answer.

Coffield paradox
The Coffield paradox aims to question the absolute validity of probability in reality. Its reasoning is best represented by a coin-flipping scenario.

Suppose you are flipping a coin. The probability of flipping heads is 1/2. The probability of flipping heads twice in a row is 1/4. Now suppose you flip the coin once with a result of heads. If you were to flip the coin again, what would be the probability of flipping heads? Since the first flip will not affect the second, this suggests that the probability is 1/2. However, if you do flip heads again, you will have flipped heads twice in a row, suggesting that the probability of flipping heads is actually 1/4. Both appear to be equally valid, so here is mathematical contradiction.

Reithy's user page
Reithy is a controversial wikipedian who occasionally has been banned. His user page has occasionally been amusing, but sadly has often been blanked by the people who have banned him. Here is a recent version of his userpage:
 * 19 Novi 2004

Wikipedia Sandbox/Storytelling
Strange stuff indeed. /storytelling --Improv 23:38, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Arbcom Election 2004 Campaign Pages
A few people have mentioned that the endorsements page for the Arbcom elections may be frozen and deleted. I want to keep backup copies in that case, because I think it's important.
 * Talk page: /saved_talk_page_30nov1025
 * Endorsements page: /saved_endorsement_page_30nov1025

Userbox mess
In late 2005/early 2006, a major mess relating to userbox deletions happened, with some very heavy community debates. I'm saving some samples.
 * /kelly_martin_rfc_03jan2006
 * /kelly_martin_rfarb_03jan2006
 * /tony_sidaway_rfarb
 * /user_dtasripin - amusing bit at the top of Dtasripin's userpage

Great Failure of Wikipedia

 * I'm saving a copy of User:Jscott's Great Failure of Wikipedia essay here, for my (and your) perusal. I disagree with it.
 * My response to an earlier preliminary version is here
 * Information needs to be organized and sensible to be useful. That involves control. Consider your user page's story about a totally jumbled car heading to the water. The constant editing is an attempt to prevent such a jumbled, mismatched article from staying that way -- people who take care to prune the tree responsibly keep the encyclopedia from being such a mess. I understand that you're bothered by the idea that other people can tweak "your" article, but part of the point of the encyclopedia is that people don't own articles here. They're for the benefit of all, and are open to editing by all. We all try to do our best to implement the rules and traditions as we understand them, and so far, we've produced a lot of really great content. Despite the process having some rough edges, I see no failure in Wikipedia. Occasionally people come along who have ideas that don't fit with ours, and they eventually either learn and follow the traditions or they leave, sometimes doing their own thing on their own wikis. The database dumps are there for everyone -- there's nothing stopping them from using them. As for a major fork, if it happens, it happens. I don't think we should be afraid of it, but nor do I see a strong reason for it right now. We'll manage if it comes to pass. --Improv 21:56, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Jscott, you may be amused to find that, as a longstanding Usenet moderator (who currently has 7 newsgroups) who has been on Usenet since long before the great renaming, I'm not quite so anyone-can-edit-anything as you'd think. However, recall how Usenet works -- anyone can become a moderator if they put the time into the right social institutions. I would suggest we steer new users away from VfD, and otherwise make Wiki more structured, but I think your pessimism is unwarranted, and the degree to which you take the pro-cabal stance is unproductive. Your history of using personal insults also does not speak well of you. Remember that, like Usenet, Wikipedia is a social network, and it requires care from people who are present, both the empowered and the not-so-empowered. Extreme cabal and extreme anarchy both suck (Wikipedia may be a bit closer to anarchy than I would like). The reason everyone accepted Tale's reign on Usenet was because he's a nice guy with good judgement and a vision for Usenet. His power came from that. (he has since retired, as I'm sure you know). --Improv 22:58, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I am not the least bit amused by anything that spews forth from your pie-hole. I like that you've decided that my generated content needs to be swiped from my page and "wikified" to your liking. I am not interested in wasting more time on Wikipedia collaborating with you on my own fucking essays. My "history" extends a little further than the last month or so on Wikipedia, joyfully insulting the knobs. I refuse to believe that in 1986 you were doing more than wondering what Catwoman looked like out of her suit. Die. --Jscott 23:06, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

WhyWikiPediaWorksNot
I'm saving a copy of Kate's essay WhyWikiPediaWorksNot here.

Zen
Although it remains my belief that a great encyclopaedia would include all schools, I cannot be bothered voting to include them all any more. Those who want to make a slightly bigger, slightly worse Britannica will probably win in the end because Wikipedia will always be a magnet for those who have a greater sense of their own importance than is strictly merited, and those guys just will never get the idea that an encyclopaedia need not be particularly restrictive to be good, because it would deflate that sense.

Of course, that does mean that the dream of a tremendous edifice of learning -- a wild dream to begin with, given the burdens of POV pushing, a bureaucracy that feeds itself (never, surely, part of the wiki concept -- I can't see how it's particularly constructive to spend hours, days and weeks burning witches -- why not just empower Dave Gerard et al to kick out whoever they disapprove of, which with the broad interpretation of blocking policy some use is already becoming the case, and not bother with the kangaroo courts? Just let the deletionists rid us of whatever irks them rather than pretend that we don't like trolling while having a page that invites it to the max) and outright fuckwittedry that it has to shoulder -- is sacrificed to the smallminded, limited vision of people who are labouring under a rather antiquated notion of what's important (peculiarly, many Wikipedians strive to make it a modernist masterpiece, like Britannica or OED in their realms, rather than understand the great attraction and promise of it as a postmodernist wonder -- still, I suppose that many are "scientists" and few "artists" and the former are very much stuck in the modernist idiom).

 * From the user page of Dr Zen

Elian's Comparison of Wikipedia-EN and Wikipedia-DE
I think this is interesting and important

From VfD for Operation Days of Penitence

 * Delete. Why don't we create Operation Days of Penitence Successes, Operation Days of Penitence Goals, Operation Days of Penitence Background, etc? The radicals kill Israelis on purpose, brainwash poor civilian population into martyrdom and hide in their midst in order to blame and vilify Israel for the inevitable fatalities and extort propaganda points. See Israel Defense Forces, Jenin.  ←Humus sapiens←Talk 09:21, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * While I too voted for delete, I would like to suggest that you stop trying to see conspiracy theories and being so political here. Are you Albruni's mirror image? --Improv 21:16, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * He is not my mirror image, he is my best evidence; one of the more vocal and aboveboard Wikipedia Zionists seeking to censor information that reflects badly on Israel. There are many others among the deleters here but only User:Humus sapiens has the guts to admit his agenda. The others obfuscate their POV agenda and try to deploy Wikipedia rules as false pretexts for their censorship campaigns. --Alberuni 01:08, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Improv/Quotes


text:
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The historical park preserves the site where, up until the early 19th century, Hawaiians who broke a kapu (one of the ancient laws) could avoid certain death by fleeing to this place of refuge or puʻuhonua. The offender would be absolved by a priest and freed to leave. Defeated warriors and non-combatants could also find refuge here during times of battle. The grounds just outside the Great Wall that encloses the puʻuhonua were home to several generations of powerful chiefs.

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau is one of the only four places in Hawaii where the flag of Hawaii can officially fly alone without the American flag; the other three places are ʻIolani Palace, the Mauna ʻAla and Thomas Square.

Park name and features
The 420 acre (1.7 km2) site was originally established in 1955 as City of Refuge National Historical Park and was renamed on November 10, 1978. In 2000 the name was changed by the Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 observing the Hawaiian spelling. It includes the puʻuhonua and a complex of archeological sites including: temple platforms, royal fishponds, sledding tracks, and some coastal village sites. The Hale o Keawe temple and several thatched structures have been reconstructed.

Hale o Keawe heiau
Hale o Keawe was an ancient Hawaiian heiau originally built in approximately 1650 AD as the burial site for the ruling monarch (aliʻi nui) of the Island of Hawaii named Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. It was built by his son, a Kona chief named Kanuha. The complex may have been established as early as 1475 under the aliʻi nui ʻEhu-kai-malino. The nobility (ali'i) of Kona continued to be buried until the abolition of the kapu system. The last person buried here was a son of Kamehameha I in 1818.

Radiocarbon dating has not been done extensively in the area. Testing of the nearby 'Āle'ale'a heiau site gave deceptive results. Oral traditions compiled by Dorothy Barrère are still considered the best for chronological order of the surrounding complex.

The heiau contained 23 remains including that of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. It was situated near a great ancient wall near the royal residence to the east side of the wall. Further south were further aliʻi homes were built. Excavations of the area indicate a large crafting community to support the royal residence. The heiau would lay untouched after the banning of the Hawaiian religion while all other such temples were destroyed until Kaahumanu had the building dismantled and all the remains moved to the royal mausoleum in Honolulu.

It was believed that additional protection to the place of refuge was received from the mana in the bones of the chiefs. It survived several years after other temples were destroyed. It was looted by Lord George Byron (cousin of the distinguished English poet) in 1825. In 1829, High Chiefess Kapiʻolani removed the remaining bones and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs above nearby Kealakekua Bay. She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858.

The heiau in the park was reconstructed in the 1960s.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:68.77.150.135

title: User talk:68.77.150.135


text:
Talk:Maria Gorokhovskaya

Untitled
Seems ridiculuous to call her a Ukrainian gymnast if she never completed as such, and in fact never lived in independent Ukraine (emigrated in 1990)

If nobody objects, I'll fix that in a few days.

Ornil 19:21, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

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External links modified
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title: Talk:Maria Gorokhovskaya


text:
Place of refuge

A place of refuge includes various places where people can seek refuge:

 * An asylum (antiquity), in antiquity, a place (usually a temple) where people could seek refuge
 * A sovereign offering the right of asylum
 * A sanctuary, a place offering safety from persecution
 * Place of refuge for ships, for ships in distress

title: Place of refuge


text: User talk:65.200.139.5

title: User talk:65.200.139.5


text:
Wikipedia talk:Special:AncientPages

Information
If you are looking for pages not updated recently, please go to Wikipedia:Dusty articles

Johnclow13 (talk) 22:13, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Special:AncientPages


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Ukraine


text:
List of Christian preachers

Early Church

 * Stephen (?–34) Stoned
 * James (?–44) Apostle
 * Barnabas (?–61) Disciple
 * Paul (5–67) Beheaded
 * Peter (?–67) Crucified
 * Mark (?–68) Gospel of Mark
 * Philemon (?–68) Recipient of the Epistle to Philemon
 * Luke (?–84) Four Evangelists
 * Timothy (17–97) Bishop of Ephesus
 * John (6–100) Book of Revelation
 * Silas (?–100) Silvanus of the Seventy
 * Ignatius (35–107) Apostolic Fathers
 * Titus (?–107) Bishop of Crete
 * Simeon (?–117) Jewish Christian
 * Polycarp (69–155) Bishop of Smyrna
 * Matthew (?) Apostle
 * Ananias (?) Sent to restore the sight of Saul of Tarsus
 * Apollos (?) Acts of the Apostles, 1 Corinthians
 * Priscilla and Aquila (?) Christian Missionary
 * Stephanas (?) Household baptized by the Apostle Paul

Roman Catholic

 * Peter Chrysologus (406–450)
 * Pope Leo I (400–461)
 * Fulgentius of Ruspe (c 462–533)
 * Martin of Braga (520–580)
 * Saint Boniface (675–754)
 * Saint Dominic (1170–1221)
 * Anthony of Padua (1195–1231)
 * Johannes Tauler German Dominican (1300–1361), his 80 sermons in German were read for centuries after his death
 * Oliver Maillard, French Franciscan (c.1430–1502)
 * Savonarola Italian Dominican (1452–1498) famous for the Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence, finally executed for heresy
 * John of Capistrano (1386–1456), Italian Franciscan, working in Central Europe, where he led resistance to a Turkish invasion
 * Vincent Ferrer (1350–1419) Spanish Dominican
 * Bernardino of Siena (1380–1444), emotive Italian
 * Julian Maunoir (1606–1683) French Jesuit "Apostle of Brittany"
 * Tomasz Młodzianowski (1622–1686), Polish Jesuit
 * Paolo Segneri (1624–1694), Italian Jesuit
 * Junípero Serra, (1713–1784)
 * Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704)
 * Louis Bourdaloue (1632–1704), Jesuit
 * Tobia Lionelli (1647–1714), Slovene in Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
 * Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663–1742)
 * Theobald Mathew (1790–1856), Irish Capuchin and temperance reformer
 * Aloysius Gentili (1801–48) Italian Rosminian, working in England
 * Charles Coughlin (1891–1979)
 * Fulton J. Sheen (1895–1979)

Pre-Reformation

 * John Wycliffe (1320–1384) Lollards
 * Jan Hus (1369–1415)

Lutheran

 * Martin Luther (1483–1547) The Ninety-Five Theses
 * Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)
 * Lars Levi Laestadius (1800–1861)
 * Bernt B. Haugan (1862)
 * C.F.W. Walther (1811–1887)
 * Martin Niemöller (1892–1984)
 * Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)
 * Walter A. Maier (1893–1950)
 * J.A.O. Preus II (1920–1994)
 * Gerhard Forde (1927–2005)
 * John Warwick Montgomery (1931-Present)
 * Rod Rosenbladt (1942–present)
 * Gerald B. Kieschnick (1943–present)
 * Mark Hanson (1946–present)
 * Matt Harrison (1962–present)

Calvinist

 * John Oecolampadius (1482–1531)
 * Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531)
 * Martin Bucer (1491–1551)
 * Peter Martyr Vermigli (1500–1562)
 * Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563)
 * Andreas Hyperius (1511–1564)
 * John Calvin (1509–1564)
 * Guillaume Farel (1489–1565)
 * Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575)

Presbyterian

 * John Knox (1513–1572) Protestant Reformation
 * Charles Grandison Finney (1792–1875)
 * Lyman Beecher (1799–1863)
 * Jonathan Goforth (1859–1936) Canadian Presbyterian Mission
 * Peter Marshall (1903–1949) New York Avenue Presbyterian Church
 * James Montgomery Boice (1938–2000) Tenth Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia
 * Ian Paisley (1926–2014)
 * Frederick Buechner (1926–present)
 * D. James Kennedy (1930–2007) Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church
 * R. C. Sproul (1939–2017) Ligonier Ministries
 * Tim Keller (1950–2023)

Anglican

 * Hugh Latimer (1470–1555) Oxford Martyrs
 * Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556) Oxford Martyrs
 * Lancelot Andrewes (1555–1626)
 * John Donne (1572–1631)
 * John Tillotson (1630–1694)
 * John Newton (1725–1807) Author of Amazing Grace
 * Laurence Sterne (1713–1759), mainly in book form
 * Samuel Clapham (known as Theophilus St. John) (1755–1830)
 * J. C. Ryle (1816–1900)
 * Phillips Brooks (1835–1893)
 * John Stott (1921–2011)
 * Dick Lucas (1925–present)
 * John Chapman (evangelist) (1930–2012)
 * Peter Jensen (1943–present)
 * Phillip Jensen (1945–present)
 * N. T. Wright (1948–present)
 * Michael Bruce Curry (1953–present)
 * Nicky Gumbel (1955–present)

Puritan

 * John Harvard (1607–1638)
 * Joseph Alleine (1634–1668)
 * John Davenport (1597–1670)
 * Matthew Henry (1662–1714)
 * Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
 * G. Campbell Morgan (1863–1945)
 * Martyn Lloyd-Jones (1899–1981)

Baptist

 * Balthasar Hubmaier (1480–1528) (Anabaptist)
 * Roger Williams (1603–1684) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * John Bunyan (1628–1688) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * William Kiffin (1616–1701)
 * Benjamin Keach (1640–1704) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * John Gill (1697–1771) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * Isaac Backus (1724–1806)
 * Andrew Fuller (1754–1815)
 * Robert Hall (1764–1831)
 * William Carey (1761–1834) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * Christmas Evans (1755–1838)
 * William Miller (1782–1849)
 * Adoniram Judson (1788–1850) (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * Nat Turner (1800-1831)
 * William Garrett Lewis (1834–1885)
 * Charles Spurgeon (1834–1892) Metropolitan Tabernacle (Reformed/Particular Baptist)
 * John Alexis Edgren (1839–1908)
 * Alexander Maclaren (1826–1910)
 * Frances E. Townsley (1850–1909)
 * Oswald Chambers (1874–1917)
 * George W. Truett (1867–1944)
 * Harry A. Ironside (1876–1951)
 * J. Frank Norris (1877–1952)
 * Mordecai Ham (1877–1961)
 * Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968) (Non Trinitarian, non confessional)
 * Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878–1969)
 * George Beauchamp Vick (1901–1975)
 * John R. Rice (1895–1980)
 * Lester Roloff (1914–1982)
 * Joseph Harrison Jackson (1900–1990)
 * Curtis Hutson (1934–1995)
 * Jack Hyles (1926–2001)
 * Wally Criswell (1909–2002) Southern Baptist Convention
 * Stephen F. Olford (1918–2004)
 * Adrian Rogers (1931–2005)
 * Jerry Falwell (1933–2007)
 * Lee Roberson (1909–2007)
 * Neiliezhü Üsou (1941–2009)
 * Peter Ruckman (1921–2016)
 * Billy Graham (1918–2018) (non confessional)
 * Charles Stanley (1932–2023)
 * Albert N. Martin (1934–present)
 * Tony Campolo (1935–present)
 * Kent Hovind (1953–present)

Methodist

 * George Whitefield (1714–1770)
 * Daniel Rowland (1713–1790)
 * John Wesley (1703–1791)
 * Francis Asbury (1747–1816)
 * Peter Cartwright (1785–1873)
 * William Booth (1829–1912) The Salvation Army
 * Bob Jones, Sr. (1883–1968) Bob Jones University
 * Leslie Weatherhead (1893–1976)
 * William Willimon (1946–present)

Independent

 * Nicolaus Zinzendorf (1700–1760), Moravian Church
 * Dwight L. Moody (1837–1899) Moody Bible Institute
 * R. A. Torrey (1856–1928) Church of the Open Door
 * Billy Sunday (1862–1935) Evangelist
 * A.W. Tozer (1897–1963) Christian and Missionary Alliance
 * J. Vernon McGee (1904–1988) Church of the Open Door
 * Walter Martin (1928–1989) Christian Research Institute
 * Paris Reidhead (1919–1992) Christian and Missionary Alliance
 * Leonard Ravenhill (1907–1994) Evangelist
 * David Wilkerson (1931–2011) Times Square Church
 * Chuck Smith (1927–2013) Calvary Chapel
 * John MacArthur (1939–present) Grace Community Church
 * Ravi Zacharias (1946–2020) Christian apologist
 * John Piper (1946–present)

Seventh-day Adventist

 * Joseph Bates (1792–1872) Great Disappointment
 * James White (1821–1881) Adventist Review
 * John Nevins Andrews (1829–1883) Andrews University
 * Ellen G. White (1827–1915) Conflict of the Ages (book series)
 * James Edson White (1849–1928) Review and Herald Publishing Association
 * H.M.S. Richards, Sr. (1894–1985) Voice of Prophecy
 * George Vandeman (1916–2000) It Is Written
 * Mark Finley (1945–present) It Is Written

Church of Christ

 * Walter Scott (1796–1861)
 * Batsell Baxter (1886–1956)
 * Marshall Keeble (1878–1968)
 * Batsell Barrett Baxter (1916–1982)
 * Ira North (1892–1984)
 * Kenneth W. Wright (1945–present)

Pentecostal

 * Smith Wigglesworth (1859–1947) Pentecostalism
 * William J. Seymour (1870–1922) Azusa Street Revival
 * Charles Parham (1873–1929) Speaking in tongues
 * F. F. Bosworth (1877–1958)
 * Aimee Semple McPherson (1890–1944) Foursquare Church
 * William Branham (1909–1965) Faith Healer, prophet
 * A. A. Allen (1911–1970)
 * James Gordon Lindsay (1906–1973) Faith Healer
 * Kathryn Kuhlman (1907–1976) Faith Healer
 * Derek Prince (1915–2003) Faith, spiritual warfare, demonology
 * Kenneth E. Hagin (1917–2003) Word of Faith
 * Jack Coe (1918–1956)
 * Oral Roberts (1918–2009) Oral Roberts University
 * Yiye Ávila (1925–2013)
 * Marcus Lamb (1957–2021) Pentecostalism, televangelist
 * Morris Cerullo (1931–2020) Pentecostalism, evangelist
 * Jimmy Swaggart (1935–present) Assemblies of God
 * David Yonggi Cho (1936–present) Yoido Full Gospel Church, Assemblies of God Discipleship, church Growth
 * Jim Bakker (1940–present) Tammy Bakker (1942–2007) Assemblies of God televangelists
 * Reinhard Bonnke (1940–2019) evangelist
 * William Kumuyi (1941–present)
 * Ezekiel H. Guti (1923–2023) Forward in Faith Ministries International
 * Steven Furtick (1980–present)

Charismatic

 * Paul Cain (1929–2019) Kansas City Prophets
 * John Wimber (1934–1997) Vineyard Movement
 * Kenneth Copeland (1936–present) Eagle Mountain International Church
 * Benson Idahosa (1938–1998) Word of Faith
 * Enoch Adeboye (1942–present) Redeemed Christian Church of God, Servant of Yahweh
 * Joyce Meyer (1943–present)
 * Benny Hinn (1952–present) Prosperity theology
 * David Oyedepo (1954–present) Living Faith Church Worldwide
 * T.D. Jakes (1957–present) Prosperity theology
 * Nicholas Duncan-Williams (1957–present) Faith, Spiritual Warfare, Prayer
 * Mensa Otabil (1959–present) Prosperity theology
 * Dag Heward-Mills (1963–present) Evangelist & Crusades, Church Growth, Church Planting, Loyalty & Disloyalty
 * Joseph Prince (1963–present) Prosperity theology
 * Joel Osteen (1963–present) Prosperity theology
 * Chris Oyakhilome (1963–present) Christ Embassy
 * General Butt Naked (1971–present) the End Time Train Evangelistic Ministries Inc.

Preachers with secular professions

 * Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet (1787–1851)
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
 * William Gannaway Brownlow (1805–1877)
 * James Garfield (1831–1881)
 * Eric Liddell (1902–1945)
 * Hugh Beaumont (1903–1984)
 * Carl Stuart Hamblen (1908–1989)
 * Jerry Clower (1926–1998)
 * Fred Rogers (1928–2003)
 * Bill Moyers (1935–present)
 * Joe Simon (1936–2021)
 * John Danforth (1936–present)
 * Grady Nutt (1937–1982)
 * Solomon Burke (1940–2010)
 * Ted DiBiase (1954-present)
 * Clifton Davis (1945–present)
 * Al Green (1946–present)
 * Eddie Holman (1946–present)
 * Jesse Jackson (1941–present)
 * Bernice King (1963–present)
 * George Foreman (1949–present)
 * Mike Huckabee (1955–present)
 * Al Sharpton (1954–present)
 * Ernie Fletcher (1956–present)
 * Reggie White (1961–2004)
 * John Battle (1962–present)
 * Richard Rossi (1963–present)
 * Pebbles (1964–present)
 * John Blue (1966–present)
 * Raphael Warnock (1969–present)
 * Kirk Cameron (1970–present)
 * Montell Jordan (1968-present)
 * Napoleon Kaufman (1973–present)
 * Kel Mitchell (1978–present)
 * Freddie Stone (1947–present)
 * Darryl Strawberry (1962–present)
 * Derwin Gray (1971–present)
 * Vanity (1959–2016)
 * Kurtis Blow (1959-present)
 * Jay Underwood (1968-present)
 * Warryn Campbell (1975-present) *
 * Demond Wilson (1946-present) *
 * Rosey Grier (1932-present) *

title: List of Christian preachers


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Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)

Geoffrey Scott (11 June 1884 – 14 August 1929) was an English scholar and poet, known as a historian of architecture. His biography of Isabelle de Charrière entitled The Portrait of Zelide won the 1925 James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

Background
Born in Hampstead, Scott was educated at Highgate School, then Rugby School and New College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate Prize in 1906. While still an undergraduate he was befriended by Mary Berenson, leading to his admission to the Florence 'circle' of Bernard Berenson. From 1907 to 1909 he was employed by Berenson; he worked on the design of the garden of I Tatti, the Berenson villa, with Cecil Ross Pinsent. This led to work on other gardens. It also brought him the friendship of John Maynard Keynes, who met him there.

In 1914 the publication of The Architecture of Humanism made his reputation. In 1916, he married Lady Sybil Cutting (1879–1943), whose first husband, William Bayard Cutting Jr., died in 1910. Lady Sybil was the youngest daughter of Irish peer and barrister, Hamilton Cuffe, 5th Earl of Desart, who served as the last Lord Lieutenant of Kilkenny, and his wife, Lady Margaret Joan Lascelles, a daughter of Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood. She had arrived in Florence when her first husband, terminally ill with tuberculosis, had written he wanted their young daughter, Iris, to grow up in Italy, "free from all this national feeling which makes people so unhappy. Bring her up somewhere where she does not belong." Lady Sybil and her daughter settled in Florence, Italy; buying the Villa Medici in Fiesole, one of the city's most spectacular villas. There she formed a close friendship with Bernard Berenson at the nearby I Tatti, and seasonal resident Lady Cecilia Pearse.

The Scotts divorced in 1926, and she remarried (to Percy Lubbock) the same year. With little in the way of career, it has been suggested that an unlikely love affair with Vita Sackville-West from 1923 to 1925 spurred Scott into his later literary production.

At the time of his death, of pneumonia in New York City, Geoffrey Scott had been retained as an editor of the papers of James Boswell.

He was one of Edith Wharton's close friends.

Works

 * The Architecture of Humanism: A Study in the History of Taste (1914)
 * A Box of Paints (1923) poems
 * The Portrait of Zélide (1925) biography of Isabelle de Charrière
 * Poems (1931)


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The Woolwich

The Woolwich Equitable Building Society (later Woolwich Building Society or The Woolwich) was founded in Woolwich in 1847 and remained a local institution until after WWI when it began a modest regional expansion. This accelerated after WWII and the period from 1960 was notable for its acquisitions. Following deregulation, the Society diversified and became one of the largest national building societies.

In 1997 it demutualised and became Woolwich PLC. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but was acquired by Barclays in 2000.

Early history
The origins of the Woolwich lay in an earlier terminating society, based in the local Castle Inn and chaired by the publican. In 1847 a breakaway group met to form the Woolwich Equitable Benefit Building and Investment Society (later reduced to the Woolwich Equitable Building Society). That the active founders of the new society included the pastor of the Salem Chapel and a Sunday School teacher may indicate the reason for the breakaway. The first meeting was held in the parlour of a “modest house” of Benjamin Wates, a local draper. The Wates family was to play a significant role in the early history of the Woolwich. Samuel Wates, Benjamin’s younger brother, was appointed Secretary in 1848 but following his death in 1851, Benjamin took over until 1862 followed briefly by his son and then by the youngest brother Joseph, who was Secretary and General Manager until 1880. Joseph Wates then became a director, rearing as Chairman in 1901.

A feature of the early years was the Society lending out more than it had money, with funds coming from directors signing promissory notes to the bank. Indeed, support from its bank (the London & County) was to feature on future occasions. Nevertheless, after ten years the Woolwich claimed to be “one of the leading Metropolitan societies” and dominant in its own neighbourhood. This may have been an optimistic claim as the Wolwich was run on a very small scale: the Secretary was obliged to live on the premises until 1876, and in 1863 there were only 500 members. A shock to the town and the Society was the closure of the Woolwich Dockyard in 1869. However, it made the Society look outside its immediate area. In 1872 there was reference to “suitable persons to be appointed as agents in eligible localities” and then to “outlying districts” having proved successful; however, “outlying” still appeared to be relatively local.

Further shocks were to come before the century was out. In 1886, the Woolwich's solicitor, also the son of the chairman, disappeared, prompting a run on deposits. The London and County sent funds to support the Society. This was followed by the failure of Jabez Balfour's Liberator Building Society in 1892 which caused a crisis of confidence in the whole building society movement and the withdrawal of deposits. Again, the London and County Bank sent funds to bolster reserves. Despite the earlier references to appointing agents in outlying areas, the Society remained small. In 1887, forty years after its formation, the Society’s assets were only £555,000 and it was run by one Secretary and seven clerks. Even by the 60th anniversary in 1907, the assets were little more than £1m.

Regional expansion begins
Slowly, the Woolwich was beginning to think of expansion. In 1911, it opened accounts with other banks in anticipation of widening the source of deposits. Although interrupted by World War I in 1917 it decided to appoint special agents in provinces. The first of these was in nearby Chatham, Kent but it was not until the early 1920s that the Woolwich began a programme of branch expansion, slowly at first but then accelerating. A city office was opened in 1923, followed by Croydon in 1924, Ilford in 1925 and Romford in 1927. In 1928, three were opened including Southampton and six in 1929, with branches now in bigger cities, e.g. Bristol, Manchester and Belfast. A further 17 branches were opened in the 1930s, Dundee, Cardiff, and Liverpool indicating the geographical spread. Assets grew from £1.7m in 1919 to around £36m at the onset of the Second World War.

Branch expansion resumed immediately after the War and a regional organization was established in 1946. Three small societies had also been absorbed during the War: the Gosport and Alverstoke; Guildford and District Equitable, and Andover Mutual. However, the corporate history finishes in 1947, at the end of the Woolwich’s centenary, and detail is limited thereafter. Organic growth took assets up to £100m by the mid-1950s.

The modern era: expansion and diversification
From 1960, the Woolwich combined opening new branches with a series of acquisitions. Between the acquisition of the Modern Permanent in 1960 and the Town and Country in 1992, some nine societies were absorbed by the Woolwich. Notable among them were the fraudulent Grays and the Gateway, successor to the Temperance Building Society. The Gateway acquisition in 1988 took assets up to £13 billion. By then, financial deregulation encouraged the Woolwich to diversify away from its traditional mortgage business. In 1989, the Woolwich launched its first subsidiary operation, a financial planning service. It also formed Woolwich Property Services and took over part of the estate agency operations of the Prudential Plc in 1991; by the late 1990s, it had a national chain of nearly 170 branch locations. Other ventures included offshore banking, Woolwich Guernsey; Woolwich Life; Woolwich Unit Trust Managers Limited; and Italian and French banking businesses.

Demutualisation and takeover
The Woolwich Equitable Building Society demutualised in 1997, giving up its mutual status to become a bank: Woolwich PLC was formed, giving shares to investing and borrowing members of the society, and listing on the London Stock Exchange.

In August 2000, Barclays took over Woolwich PLC in a £5.4bn acquisition. Woolwich PLC thus joined the Barclays Bank Group of companies. The Woolwich brand-name was retained after the acquisition, and the Woolwich head office remained in Bexleyheath, south-east London, 4.5 mi from the original office in Woolwich.

On 28 June 2006, Barclays announced that The Woolwich was to become the Barclays UK mortgage brand, supported by Barclays branches, and that Woolwich branches would be either closed or re-branded as Barclays.

Associated changes to call centres affected up to 1,200 jobs, mostly at The Woolwich contact centre in Clacton-on-Sea, which closed at the end of 2007.

Although the Woolwich name lived on as the brand used for Barclays mortgages, this was discontinued in 2015.

Headquarters
The Woolwich Equitable Building Society started in Powis Street, Woolwich, where it occupied various premises. From 1896 until 1935, it was headquartered at a purpose-built corner office at 111-113 Powis Street, after which it moved to larger premises at Eakes Place, now Equitable House at General Gordon Square. In 1989, it moved to new headquarters in nearby Bexleyheath, alongside the society's main administration and computer centre which had been based at the corner of Watling Street and Erith Road for many years. Following the takeover by Barclays, the Bexleyheath head office closed in 2005. In 2014, the Woolwich's former head office became the Civic Offices of Bexley London Borough Council.

Equitable House continued as a branch office until 2007. In 2010–11, it was converted into a commercial building by Sundridge Investments, with a pub, a cafe and shops on the ground floor, and the upper floors rented out to Maritime Greenwich College, later South London College.

title: The Woolwich


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Category:Semiotics

Semiotics is the study of signs (symbols) and signification systems, or rather semiotics are general theories of signs.

title: Category:Semiotics


text:
User talk:Toktosunov

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title: User talk:Toktosunov


text:
E. W. Hornung

Ernest William Hornung (7 June 1866 – 22 March 1921) was an English author and poet known for writing the A. J. Raffles series of stories about a gentleman thief in late 19th-century London. Hornung was educated at Uppingham School; as a result of poor health he left the school in December 1883 to travel to Sydney, where he stayed for two years. He drew on his Australian experiences as a background when he began writing, initially short stories and later novels.

In 1898 he wrote "In the Chains of Crime", which introduced Raffles and his sidekick, Bunny Manders; the characters were based partly on his friends Oscar Wilde and his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, and also on the characters of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, created by his brother-in-law, Arthur Conan Doyle. The series of Raffles short stories were collected for sale in book form in 1899, and two further books of Raffles short stories followed, as well as a poorly received novel. Aside from his Raffles stories, Hornung was a prodigious writer of fiction, publishing numerous books from 1890, with A Bride from the Bush to his 1914 novel The Crime Doctor.

The First World War brought an end to Hornung's fictional output. His son, Oscar, was killed at the Second Battle of Ypres in July 1915. Hornung joined the YMCA, initially in England, then in France, where he helped run a canteen and library. He published two collections of poetry during the war, and then, afterwards, one further volume of verse and an account of his time spent in France, Notes of a Camp-Follower on the Western Front. Hornung's fragile constitution was further weakened by the stress of his war work. To aid his recuperation, he and his wife visited the south of France in 1921. He fell ill from influenza on the journey, and died on 22 March 1921, aged 54.

Although much of Hornung's work has fallen into obscurity, his Raffles stories continued to be popular, and have formed numerous film and television adaptations. Hornung's stories dealt with a wider range of themes than crime: he examined scientific and medical developments, guilt, class and the unequal role played by women in society. Two threads that run through a sizeable proportion of his books are Australia and cricket; the latter was also a lifelong passion.

Early life: 1866–86
Hornung was born Ernest William Hornung on 7 June 1866 at Cleveland Villas, Marton, Middlesbrough; he was nicknamed Willie from an early age. He was the third son, and youngest of eight children, of John Peter Hornung (1821–86) and his wife Harriet Armstrong (1824–96). John was christened Johan Petrus Hornung in the Transylvania region of Hungary and, after working in Hamburg for a shipping firm, had moved to Britain in the 1840s as a coal and iron merchant. John married Harriet in March 1848, by which time he had anglicised his name. At the age of 13 Hornung joined St Ninian's Preparatory School in Moffat, Dumfriesshire, before enrolling at Uppingham School in 1880. Hornung was well liked at school, and developed a lifelong love of cricket despite limited skills at the game, which were further worsened by bad eyesight, asthma and, according to his biographer Peter Rowland, a permanent state of generally poor health.

When Hornung was 17 his health worsened; he left Uppingham and travelled to Australia, where it was hoped by his family that the climate would be beneficial. On his arrival he was employed as a tutor to the Parsons family in Mossgiel in the Riverina, south-western New South Wales. In addition to teaching, he spent time working in remote sheep stations in the outback and contributing material to the weekly magazine The Bulletin; he also began writing what was to become his first novel. Although he spent only two years in Australia, the experience was "the making of him and ... the making of his career as a writer", according to Rowland. Another biographer, Mark Valentine, wrote that Hornung "seems to have regarded this period as one of the most satisfying of his life".

Return to England: 1886–98
Hornung returned to England in February 1886, before the death of his father in November. From a position of relative prosperity, John's coal and iron business had encountered difficulties and he was in financially straitened circumstances by the time of his death. Hornung found work in London as a journalist and story writer, often publishing his work under a pseudonym, although in 1887 he published his first story under his own name, "Stroke of Five", which appeared in Belgravia magazine. His work as a journalist was during the period of Jack the Ripper and the series of five murders, which were undertaken against a background of rising urban crime in London; it was around this time that Hornung developed an interest in criminal behaviour.

Hornung had worked on the novel manuscript he brought back from Australia and, between July and November 1890, the story, "A Bride from the Bush", was published in five parts in The Cornhill Magazine. It was also released that year as a book—his first. The story—described by Rowland as an "assured, graceful comedy of manners"—used Hornung's knowledge of Australia as a backdrop, and the device of an Australian bride to examine British social behaviour; the novel was well received by critics. In 1891 Hornung became a member of two cricket clubs: the Idlers, whose members included Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Barr and Jerome K. Jerome, and the Strand club.

Hornung knew Doyle's sister, Constance ("Connie") Aimée Monica Doyle (1868–1924), whom he had met when he visited Portugal. Connie was described by Doyle's biographer, Andrew Lycett, as being attractive, "with pre-Raphaelite looks ... the most sought-after of the Doyle daughters". By December 1892, when Hornung, Doyle and Jerome visited the Black Museum at Scotland Yard, Hornung and Connie were engaged, and in 1893 Hornung dedicated his second novel, Tiny Luttrell, "to C.A.M.D." They were married on 27 September 1893, although Doyle was not at the wedding and relations between the two writers were sometimes strained. The Hornungs had a son, Arthur Oscar, in 1895; while his first name was from Doyle, who was also Arthur's godfather, the boy's middle name was probably after Doyle and Hornung's mutual friend Oscar Wilde and it was by his second name that he was known. In 1894 Doyle and Hornung began work on a play for Henry Irving, on the subject of boxing during the Regency; Doyle was initially eager and paid Hornung £50 as a down payment before he withdrew after the first act had been written: the work was never completed.

Like Hornung's first novel, Tiny Luttrell  had Australia as a backdrop  and also used the plot device of an Australian woman in a culturally alien environment. The Australian theme was present in his next four novels: The Boss of Taroomba (1894), The Unbidden Guest (1894), Irralie's Bushranger (1896) and The Rogue's March (1896). In the last of these Hornung wrote of the Australian convict transport system, and showed evidence of a "growing fascination with the motivation behind criminal behaviour and a deliberate sympathy for the criminal hero as a victim of events", while Irralie's Bushranger introduced the character Stingaree, an Oxford-educated, Australian gentleman thief, in a novel that "casts doubt on conventional responses" to a positive criminal character, according to Hornung's biographer, Stephen Knight.

Introducing Raffles: 1898–1914

In 1898 Hornung's mother died, aged 72 and he dedicated his next book, a series of short stories titled Some Persons Unknown, to her memory. Later that year Hornung and his wife visited Italy for six months, staying in Posillipo; his account of the location appeared in an article of the May 1899 edition of The Cornhill Magazine. The Hornungs returned to London in early 1899, to a house in Pitt Street, West Kensington, where they lived for the next six years.

The fictional character Stingaree proved to be a prototype of a character Hornung used in a series of six short stories published in 1898 in Cassell's Magazine, A. J. Raffles. The character was modelled on George Cecil Ives, a Cambridge-educated criminologist and talented cricketer who, like Raffles, was a resident of the Albany, a gentlemen's only residence in Mayfair. The first tale of the series "In the Chains of Crime" was published in June that year, titled "The Ides of March". The stories were collected into one volume—with two additional tales—under the name The Amateur Cracksman, which was published the following year. Hornung used a narrative form similar to Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, with Raffles and his partner-in-crime (and former school fag) Bunny Manders being the criminal counterparts to Holmes and Dr. Watson—although Rowland writes that Raffles and Manders "were also fictionalized versions of Wilde and Bosie" (Wilde's lover, Lord Alfred Douglas).—and he dedicated the stories to his brother-in-law: "To A.C.D. This form of flattery". Doyle had warned against writing the stories, and reflected in his memoirs that "there are few finer examples of short-story writing in our language than these, though I confess I think they are rather dangerous in their suggestion. I told him so before he put pen to paper, and the result has, I fear, borne me out. You must not make the criminal the hero". The book was a popular and financial success, although some critics also echoed Doyle's fears. The reviewer in The Spectator wrote that "stern moralists" would consider the book's premise "as a new, ingenious, artistic, but most reprehensible application of the crude principles involved in the old-fashioned hero-worship of Jack Sheppard and Dick Turpin". The book ends with Manders imprisoned and Raffles apparently dead, something that left The Spectator reviewer "expressing [their] satisfaction that this audaciously entertaining volume is not issued in a cheap form. It is emphatically a feat of virtuosity rather than a tribute to virtue."

After publishing two novels, Dead Men Tell No Tales in 1899 and Peccavi in 1900, Hornung published a second collection of Raffles stories, The Black Mask, in 1901. The nearly broke Manders is told to apply for the post of a nurse to an elderly invalid, who then reveals himself to be Raffles, who, as Manders describes, had "aged twenty years; he looked fifty at the very least. His hair was white; there was no trick about that; and his face was another white. The lines about the corners of the eyes and mouth were both many and deep". In the final story of the collection, "The Knees of the Gods", Raffles and Manders enlist in the army to fight in the Second Boer War; the story closes with Manders wounded and Raffles killed. The critics again complained about the criminal aspect; The Spectator declared "this sort of book presents crime in a form too entertaining and attractive to be moral", while the reviewer for The Illustrated London News thought that Hornung's "invention has obviously flagged ... It is laughable, in a sense which the author never intended, to hear these burglars rant about the honour of Old England. It is a pity that the man who wrote Peccavi should stoop to this".

In 1903 Hornung collaborated with Eugène Presbrey to write a four-act play, Raffles, The Amateur Cracksman, which was based on two previously published short stories, "Gentlemen and Players" and "The Return Match". The play was first performed at the Princess Theatre, New York, on 27 October 1903 with Kyrle Bellew as Raffles, and ran for 168 performances.

In 1905, after publishing four other books in the interim, Hornung brought back the character Stingaree, previously seen in Irralie's Bushranger. Later that year he responded to public demand and produced a third series of short Raffles stories in A Thief in the Night, in which Manders relates some of his and Raffles's earlier adventures. The reviewer for the Boston Herald thought that "the sentimental side of the story has never before been shown so dramatically and romantically", and described the book as "thrilling and exciting". Hornung's next book was published in 1909 and was the final Raffles story, the full-length novel Mr. Justice Raffles; the book was poorly received, with the reviewer for The Observer asking if "Hornung is perhaps a little tired of Raffles", and stating that "it has not the magic or the 'go' of the first Raffles, and there is no good in pretending that it has". During the course of the year he collaborated with Charles Sansom to write a play A Visit From Raffles, which was performed in November that year at the Brixton Empress Theatre, London.

Hornung turned away from Raffles thereafter, and in February 1911 published The Camera Fiend, a thriller whose narrator is an asthmatic cricket enthusiast with an ironmaster father, much as Hornung was himself. The story concerned the attempts of a scientist to photograph the soul as it left the body. Hornung followed this up with Fathers of Men (1912) and The Thousandth Woman (1913) before Witching Hill (1913), a collection of eight short stories in which he introduced the characters Uvo Delavoye and the narrator Gillon, whom Rowland considers to be "reincarnations of Raffles and Bunny". Hornung's next work, The Crime Doctor (1914) marked the end of his fictional output.

First World War and aftermath
Oscar Hornung left Eton College in 1914, intending to enter King's College, Cambridge, later that year. When Britain entered the war against Germany, he volunteered, and was commissioned into the Essex Regiment. He was killed at the Second Battle of Ypres on 6 July 1915, aged 20. Although heartbroken by the loss, Hornung was adamant that some good would come of it and he edited a privately issued collection of Oscar's letters home under the title Trusty and Well Beloved, released in 1916. Around this time he joined an anti-aircraft unit. In either 1916 or 1917 he joined the YMCA and did volunteer work in England for soldiers on leave; in March 1917 he visited France, writing a poem about his experience afterwards—something he had been doing more frequently since Oscar's death—and a collection of his war poetry, Ballad of Ensign Joy, was published later that year.

In July 1917 Hornung's poem, "Wooden Crosses", was published in The Times, and in September, "Bond and Free" appeared. Towards the end of the year, he was accepted as a volunteer in a YMCA canteen and library "a short distance behind the Front Line". During his service in Arras, in February 1918 he borrowed a staff car from a friend and visited his son's grave near Ypres, before returning to the library in Arras. Hornung was concerned about support for pacifism among troops, and wrote to his wife about it. When she spoke to Doyle about the matter, rather than discussing it with Hornung he informed the military authorities. Hornung was angered by Doyle's action, and "told him there was no need for him to 'butt in' except for his own 'satisfaction'." Relations between the two men were strained as a result. Hornung continued to work at the library until the German spring offensive in March overran the British positions and he was forced to retreat, firstly to Amiens and then, in April, back to England. He stayed in England until November 1918, when he again took up his YMCA duties, establishing a rest hut and library in Cologne. In 1919 Hornung's account of his time spent in France, Notes of a Camp-Follower on the Western Front, was published. Doyle later wrote of the book that "there are parts of it which are brilliant in their vivid portrayal", while Hornung's biographer, Alison Cox, described the book as "one of the best records of the war as experienced on the front lines". That year Hornung also published his third and final volume of poetry, The Young Guard.

Death and legacy
Hornung finished his work with the YMCA and returned to England probably in early 1919, according to Rowland. He worked on a new novel but was hampered by poor health. His wife's health was of even greater concern, so in February 1921 they took a holiday in the south of France to recuperate. He fell ill on the train with a chill that turned into influenza and pneumonia from which he died on 22 March 1921, aged 54. He was buried in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, in the south of France, in a grave adjacent to that of George Gissing. Doyle, returning from a spiritualist lecture tour of Australia, received the news in Paris and travelled south in time for the funeral.

When Hornung had still been courting Doyle's sister, Doyle wrote that "I like young Willie Hornung very much ... he is one of the sweetest-natured and most delicate-minded men I ever knew". Honouring him after his death, Doyle wrote that he "was a Dr. [Samuel] Johnson without the learning but with a finer wit. No one could say a neater thing, and his writings, good as they are, never adequately represented the powers of the man, nor the quickness of his brain". His obituarist in The Times described him as "a man of large and generous nature, a delightful companion and conversationalist".

Much of Hornung's work fell out of favour as time passed; Rowland observed that "all of Hornung's other works have been forgotten, with the possible exception of Stingaree, but the cricketing Cracksman continues to enthral". The idea of a criminal as a positive character was one of Hornung's legacies, and Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism states that "critics have also interpreted Raffles as a prototype of the antihero in modern crime fiction". The academic Frank Wadleigh Chandler, describing Raffles's death, writes that "all his creator's attempts to portray him as a hero, rather than an anti-hero, deservedly fail." Valentine highlights one aspect of the stories was the mix of "devilry and daring" demonstrated by Raffles; in this respect he was a literary "forerunner of The Saint, James Bond and other insouciant types". The writer Colin Watson agrees, and called Hornung "a precursor of [Ian] Fleming".

The character continued in book form: the writer Philip Atkey, under the pseudonym Barry Perowne, obtained permission from the Hornung estate to continue the Raffles stories, and seven more novels followed between 1933 and 1940, with Raffles transformed from a gentleman thief to a tough adventurer. Perowne continued the series in 1950, and 14 of his stories were published in the 1974 volume Raffles Revisited. Hornung's original stories have undergone a number of reprints, and when all the short stories were published in a single volume, Graham Greene considered it "a splendid idea". In 1975 Greene had written a play based on the Raffles stories, The Return of A. J. Raffles, which premiered at the Royal Shakespeare Company, with Denholm Elliott as Raffles.

There were several Raffles films made during Hornung's lifetime, Further films followed in the years after his death, including Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman (1925), with House Peters Sr.; Raffles (1930), featuring Ronald Colman; The Return of Raffles (1933), with George Barraud; and Raffles (1939), starring David Niven; the last of these was a Samuel Goldwyn Productions remake of their own 1930 film, which the academic Victor E. Neuburg called the "most memorable portrayal" of the character.

The BBC has dramatised some of Hornung's Raffles stories for radio, first in the 1940s and again from 1985 to 1993 in the radio series Raffles. Nigel Havers narrated some of the stories on BBC radio in 1995. In 1977 Anthony Valentine played the thief, and Christopher Strauli his partner, in a Yorkshire Television series. A 2001 television film, Gentleman Thief, adapted the stories for a contemporary audience, with Havers playing the lead.

Style and technique
Hornung's prose is widely admired for its lucid, simple style. Oliver Edwards, writing in The Times, considered that "not the least attractive part of the Raffles books is the simple, plain, unaffected language in which each one of them is written". The obituarist in the same newspaper agrees, and thinks Hornung had "a power of good and clear description and a talent for mystery and surprise". Colin Watson also considers the point, and observes that in Hornung's writing, "superfluous description has been avoided and account of action is to the point", while Doyle admired his "sudden use of the right adjective and the right phrase", something the writer and journalist Jeremy Lewis sees as a "flamboyant, Kiplingesque taste for the vivid".

Critics have observed that Hornung's stories and novels are well-structured. George Orwell wrote that Hornung was "a very conscientious and on his level a very able writer. Anyone who cares for sheer efficiency must admire his work". Watson states that Hornung's "writing has pace. The stories, however ridiculous, carry the readers along briskly". According to Cox, "Hornung's work showed steady maturation" during his career, a point that Doyle also agreed with, although Edwards disagrees, and thinks The Crime Doctor to be one of Hornung's weaker books.

Hornung's approach to characters differed from other contemporary authors. Cox notes that Hornung "frequently chose to write from the perspective of the criminal", and while many of Hornung's novels contained criminal activity as a major element of the plot, the critic for Contemporary Authors states that the works do not "belong to the crime-fiction genre". Hornung's works included elements from more general fiction, "such as false identities, disguises, and disowned heiresses".

Major themes
The academic Nick Rance identifies three categories of Raffles stories: "the rise of the New Woman", in which Raffles either escapes from romantic entanglements, or uses the infatuations of a woman in order to achieve his aims; "the rise of the plutocracy", in which Raffles steals from the nouveau riche as much as the upper classes; and those stories that seek "to reaffirm or re-establish a sense of middle-class identity". The last category is based on Raffles not being a member of "Society", only being accepted because of his cricketing ability and associated fame. From this point, Raffles's stealing from the rich is a "rearguard action on behalf of the puritan values" which was perceived as making up middle-class values, although Rance also states that those values are obscured because of the changing boundaries between the classes. Gariepy makes the same point, and considers that "Raffles's daring exploits and fantastic adventures symbolized the growing rebellion against Victorian sensibility at the turn of the century".

Hornung kept abreast of scientific and medical developments, and was keen to incorporate them into his stories which, the critic for Contemporary Authors states, shows Hornung had "a streak of modernity and decided interest in new ideas". The Camera Fiend uses the modern technology of the camera as an instrument central to the plot, while the protagonist of The Crime Doctor uses psychology to identify criminals.

Throughout the Raffles stories patriotism runs as an intermittent theme—to such an extent that the writer William Vivian Butler describes him as a "super-patriot". In the course of the short story "A Jubilee Present" Raffles, celebrating Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee, steals a gold cup from the British Museum and sends it to the queen, telling Manders that "we have been ruled over for sixty years by infinitely the finest monarch in the world". In "The Knees of the Gods", Raffles volunteers for service in the Second Boer War, changing his name and hair colour—he jokes to Manders that he is prepared to "dye for his country"—and he later confesses his true identity to his superiors in order to unmask a spy.

Some of Hornung's novels, including The Shadow of the Rope, No Hero and The Thousandth Woman, are notable for "portraying women in a rather modern, favorable light", according to the critic for Contemporary Authors, showing concern for their unequal position in society. Cox identifies a theme of guilt running through a number of works. Among these is Peccavi, in which a clergyman lives his life trying to atone for an earlier crime; Shadow of the Rope, in which a woman is accused of her husband's murder; and The Thousandth Woman, in which a woman stands by her lover after he is accused of murder.

Although Hornung's Australian experience was brief, it influenced most of his literary work from A Bride from the Bush published in 1899, to Old Offenders and a Few Old Scores, which was published after his death. According to Chandler, "nearly two-thirds of [Hornung's] books refer in varying degrees to Australian incidents and experiences", with "even Raffles" starting his criminal career in Australia. Some of Horning's works—such as A Bride from the Bush—were praised for their accuracy of detail in depicting the Australian environment, although the detail could overwhelm the storyline, as in The Rogue's March.

Cricket was one of Hornung's lifelong passions, and he was delighted to become a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1907. The sport also permeated his stories, with Raffles playing for the Gentlemen of England. Rance observes that Raffles compares law-breaking and cricket: "crime is reckoned as another and better sport".

Raffles does on occasion disparage his game, commenting to Manders in "Gentlemen and Players", "where's the satisfaction of taking a man's wicket when you want his spoons?" Valentine also considers the point, and sees Raffles's cricket as a front for his criminal activities, citing Raffles's praise for cricket for "the glorious protection it affords a person of my proclivities".

Watson examines Raffles's actions within the broader context of sportsmanship, with Raffles acting within his own moral code "of what is 'done' and 'not done'." Orwell, in his essay "Raffles and Miss Blandish", observes that when Raffles feels remorse, it "is almost purely social; he has disgraced 'the old school', he has lost his right to enter 'decent society', he has forfeited his amateur status and become a cad".

title: E. W. Hornung


text:
Buxtehude

Buxtehude, officially the Hanseatic City of Buxtehude (Hansestadt Buxtehude, Hansestadt Buxthu ), is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany, belonging to the district of Stade in Lower Saxony. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and attached to the city's S-Bahn rapid transit network. Buxtehude is a medium-sized town and the second largest municipality in the Stade district (Landkreis). It lies on the southern border of the Altes Land in close proximity to the city-state of Hamburg. To the west lie the towns of Horneburg and Stade and to the south there are a number of incorporated villages featuring mostly upscale housing; e.g., Ottensen and Apensen.

History
Early signs of settlements are the Daensen folding chair from a Bronze Age tumulus near Daensen and the Ovelgönne bread roll from the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe, which was found in a loam mine in Ovelgönne.

A settlement by the Este river is first recorded in 959. The manor of "Buochstadon" was given to the Abbey of Magdeburg. Soon a wharf, "Hude", is established. In 1135 the settlement is mentioned as "Buchstadihude" in a reference to the success of trade from the quay. In 1180 the Duchy of Saxony, to which "Buchstadihude" belonged, was conquered and dissolved. Buxtehude became part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, newly upgraded to imperial immediacy it became one of the many successor states of the Duchy of Saxony. Nevertheless, ecclesiastically Buxtehude remained part of the Diocese of Verden until Catholicism was overthrown in the Reformation with that diocese remaining vacant since 1644. In 1197 two royal settlers founded a Benedictine monastery near the village. Owing to the fertile soil and a partial participation in the saline of Lüneburg wealth and population increased. In 1280 the prince-archbishop Giselbert of Bremen ordered the settlement to be protected by defensive walls and fortifications including 5 zwingers, 7 peels and 3 town gates. In 1328 the town hall is mentioned for the first time and the settlement is granted full town privileges, based on the law of Hamburg. By now "Buxtehude" was self-governing and rapidly growing into a centre of trade. In 1485 the immensely wealthy "Master Halepaghen", cousin and tutor of the burgomaster of Hamburg, died and donated his assets to the town for scholarships and charitable purposes. In 1542 the town council of Buxtehude adopted Lutheranism within its domain.

In the 1600s Hanseatic trade declined with the most important area of trade being in cattle. Apart from Stade, Buxtehude was the only crossing point on the Elbe river. In 1645 Buxtehude surrendered to the Swedish army and lost its independence. Trade and population decrease dramatically. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen was converted to the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedes and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1769 the monastery was demolished due to secularization.

In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region. In 1837 the link road through the town reanimates business and trade. 1845 is dominated by industrial boom with a paper factory being installed on the former cloister ground.

In 1945 the population grew to 14,000. Much living space in Hamburg was in ruins and people fled to the suburbs and surrounding towns and villages such as Buxtehude. In 1958 Buxtehude became part of the plan for the reconstruction of Hamburg after the war and thus was heavily funded by the government. Lower Saxony incorporates 9 neighbouring villages into the town in 1972 changing the structure of Buxtehude and creating a cluster of more than 30,000 inhabitants. In 1983 the old part of town was pedestrianized. In 1985 town twinning with Blagnac (France) is undertaken. In 1990 Ribnitz-Damgarten in the former German Democratic Republic became the second twin town.

Economy
Since 1881 Buxtehude has had its own railroad station on the R50 line between Hamburg and Cuxhaven. In late 2007 this line was added to the rapid transit system of the Hamburg S-Bahn by the HVV.

Since 1928 there has also been a second railroad line crossing Buxtehude, the EVB (Eisenbahn- und Verkehrsbetriebe Elbe-Weser, Zeven) between Hamburg's outermost district and Bremerhaven on the coast of the North Sea. The Este river connects the town to the important Elbe river 6 mi north. Earlier in history this connection was used to ship goods into the small harbour, which still exists but has become less accessible due to town developments and aggradation.

A major highway,

In April 2019 the unemployment rate in Buxtehude was 3.8%.

Companies

Several major companies have production sites or headquarters in Buxtehude:
 * Airbus S.A.S, the commercial aircraft manufacturer
 * Unilever, an Anglo-Dutch company in the personal care and food sector.
 * KID-Systeme GmbH, a Buxtehude-based supplier for aeroplane cabin electronics
 * INTERPANE, a German manufacturer of insulation glass
 * Harros Krämerladen, a large German supermarket corporation
 * Pioneer Hi-Bred, a subdivision of the US-based chemical producer DuPont, developer and exporter of seeds
 * Nord Kalksandsteinwerke, a German producer of lime sand bricks and other building material
 * Niederelbe Schifffahrtsgesselleschaft (NSB), German container shipping companies
 * implantcast GmbH, German manufacturer of orthopaedic implants, such as artificial hips and knees

Culture
Buxtehude is sometimes called the "Fairytale Capital of the World," an epithet that it shares with Kassel. The tale of "The Hare and the Hedgehog" by the Brothers Grimm is set in this town. Furthermore, the name is used in numerous German tales. And thus some people claim that the town of Buxtehude does not actually exist. The German saying "nach Buxtehude jagen" (literally, "to chase somebody off to Buxtehude") means to exile someone to a far-away place.

Museums
The Museum of Regional History and Art is located here.

Local dialects
German and Low Saxon, which is rarely spoken now but can be still heard spoken by older people. Also one of the local high schools Halepaghen-Schule holds a Low German reading contest each school year.

Tourism
Buxtehude enjoys a good reputation as a warm, visitor-friendly town preserving its cultural and regional heritage without denying the future. Besides the beautiful old part of town, the main church of Sankt Petri (St. Peter) and the Zwinger are great places to pay a visit to. The Altes Land adjacent to Buxtehude and the close Elbe river serve as great get-aways for a bicycle tour or a long hike. Buxtehude can as well be used as a hub for tours to the nearby cities of Hamburg and Bremen.

For the interested visitor, some events held every year:

The Pistennacht is an event where bars, restaurants and clubs in the old part of town are open all night long. A stage downtown and some individual places offer live music.
 * Buxtehuder Pistennacht

The Pfingstmarkt is a fair in northern Germany along the national highway B73. It is always held on the Christian holiday of Pentecost (Pfingsten) exactly 50 days after Easter close to Buxtehude. It features 135 exhibitors with many rides including a Ferris wheel and bumper cars as well as lottery booths, snack booths and sit-down food locations. In 2004 140,000 visitors flocked to the fair compared to 10,000 in 1904 and 100,000 in the 1970s.
 * Pfingstmarkt Neukloster

Like the Pistennacht, the Altstadtfest (literally, 'old town festival') is held downtown. Every year on the first weekend of June the whole old part of town turns into a party with several stages with live music. Sunday morning the town's biggest flea market is held around the Fleth. For the occasion of Altstadtfest the town is decorated in its municipal colours of blue and yellow.
 * Altstadtfest

Vinum is the motto for the annual celebration of wine in old town Buxtehude. For one weekend the town dedicates itself to culture of wine and many booths for wine testing and entertainment open.
 * Weinfest

Christmas market is held in the month of December in the Altstadt area with the highlight being mulled wine and bratwurst stalls. Various music concerts are also held at the St. Peter's square on the weekend before Christmas.
 * Christmas market

Education

 * , a private college with a renowned architecture program.
 * Halepaghen Grammar School, local highschool. Holder of the title "School without racism, School with courage", former member in the "Quality Network for Schools" in Lower Saxony, Humanitarian School and rating highest in the county.
 * local highschool
 * Volkshochschule Buxtehude, community college.
 * Malerschule, private art school.
 * Berufsbildende Schulen Buxtehude, public secondary schools for the sectors of economics, informatics and electrotechnics.

Transport
Buxtehude is served by the Hamburg S-Bahn with the stations Buxtehude and Neukloster; and by the Bundesstraße 3 and Bundesstraße 73, two federal highways. It is planned to connect Buxtehude to the Autobahn 26 once construction continues.

Twin towns – sister cities
Buxtehude is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Blagnac, France (1985)
 * 🇩🇪 Ribnitz-Damgarten, Germany (1990)

Notable people

 * Hermann Blumenthal, (DE Wiki) (1903–1941), Germanist and librarian

Sport

 * Ralf Drecoll (1944–2012). Olympic high jumper
 * Stefan Studer (born 1964), footballer and functionary, played about 280 games
 * Michael Stolle (born 1974), athlete and Olympic pole vaulter
 * Nils Winter (born 1977), long jumper
 * Alexander Nouri (born 1979), footballer and coach, played 326 games
 * Nico Matern (born 1992), footballer, played over 230 games

Associated with Buxtehude

 * Nicolaus Rohlfs (1695–1750), mathematician and astronomer, from 1731 writing and teaching arithmetic at the public Latin school in Buxtehude
 * Heinrich Brüning, (DE Wiki) (1836–1920), 1864–1871 mayor of Buxtehude
 * Arnold Lyongrün (1871–1935), academic painter, teacher at the Staatliche Kunstgewerbeschule Hamburg, lived in Buxtehude
 * Wilhelm Beiglböck (1905–1963), physician convicted in the Doctors' trial, from 1952 chief physician of the Buxtehude hospital, died here
 * Jürgen Kurbjuhn (1940–2014), footballer, played 318 games; died here
 * Stefanie Melbeck (born 1977), handball player

title: Buxtehude


text: Category:Zoosemiotics

title: Category:Zoosemiotics


text:
The Azoic

The Azoic is an electronic music band that was formed in Columbus, Ohio in February 1996.

History
In October 1996, they received a record contract from Worm Records and released their first CD, The Divine Suffering, in April 1997. Shawn left the band in early 1998 to pursue an alternate musical direction. Their second CD, Where Broken Angels Lie, was released in May 1998 with Nilaihah Records, which was started by Kristy to promote talented, original electronic bands. Forward, The Azoic's third CD, was released on Nilaihah Records in 2001. They also released the Conflict EP in 2003 on Nilaihah Records and a video for the title track on YouTube. In 2003, the band signed a record deal throughout Europe with Infacted Recordings of Germany.

In 2004, Infacted released Forward+Conflict, which went to the fourth spot on the DAC and number 2 on the DUC Dutch Alternative Chart. That release completely sold out within 6 months. The Azoic's 4th CD, Illuminate, was released in 2004 on Nilaihah Records and Infacted Recordings (Europe). Xbox (Konami/Microsoft) released their hit game Dance Dance Revolution Ultramix 3; in March 2005 which featured The Azoic track "Conflict (Turmoil Mix)." In early 2008, Re:Illumination [the mixes] came out on Nilaihah Records. The album holds remixed version of "Illuminate" material by DJ Delobbo, GASR, Null Device, Hungry Lucy, and more. In late 2012, The Azoic released a video for "Corruption" on YouTube and in early 2013, they released an album on Nilaihah Records also called Corruption.

Members

 * Kristy Venrick (1996–present)- Based in Columbus, Ohio, she is responsible for vocals, lyrics, melody, keyboards, and programming.
 * Andreas Kleinert (2008–present) - Based in Columbus, Ohio, he is responsible for melodies, programming, guitar and keyboards
 * Nikademus (2012–present) - Based in Bangor, Maine, he is responsible for some production and mastering.
 * Lawrence Zalewski (2008–present)- Based in Columbus, Ohio, he is responsible for live keyboards, guitar, and video.
 * Eric Eldredge (2008–present)- Based in New York City, New York, live keyboards.
 * Steve Laskarides (1996-2006) - His contributions were music, keyboard, programming, effects, some vocals and some lyrics. He is in a band called Access Zero.
 * Shawn Lower (1996–1998) - He is in a band called Only Flesh.

Discography
the divine suffering (Worm Records, 1997)

 * Beginning (instrumental)
 * Pure Pleasure
 * I Tried to Warn You
 * No Strength to Feel
 * Inside
 * Serenity Destroyed
 * Violation
 * Thorns
 * Godaphile
 * Talking to a Ghost
 * No One is Listening (instrumental)
 * Alone
 * Transitions(instrumental)

Contort (MP3.com DAM release, 1997)

Past Afflictions (MP3.com DAM release, 1997)

Where Broken Angels Lie (Nilaihah Records, 1998)

 * Nilaihah
 * Drown (pulsating mix)
 * Terrible Space
 * Intimate Incisions
 * Summoning
 * Terrible Space (Oneiroid Psychosis mix)
 * I Tried to Warn You (Flesh Field / Decay Theory mix)
 * The Sad Word
 * Drown
 * The Sad Word (desert mix)
 * Suffocation
 * God Help Us
 * Only Flesh

'''forward... (Nilaihah Records, 2001)'''

 * 1) Not Justified
 * 2) Lost
 * 3) Evolution
 * 4) Progression
 * 5) Harsh Reality
 * 6) Redemption
 * 7) Carve Into You
 * 8) Progression (dirge) by Assemblage 23
 * 9) Evolution (dillusional mix) by Flesh Field
 * 10) Progression (pinchita mix) by Fiction 8
 * 11) Progression (Oneiroid Psychosis mix)

Conflict (Nilaihah Records, 2003) - multimedia CD

 * 1) Conflict
 * 2) Conflict (Turmoil mix)
 * 3) Conflict (Combichrist mix)
 * 4) Conflict (Alpha Conspiracy mix) by Iris
 * 5) Conflict by Massiv in Mensch
 * 6) Evolution
 * 7) Conflict (Phaze mix) by Negative Format
 * 8) Conflict (Mechanical Asphyxia mix) by System Syn
 * 9) Conflict by Imperative Reaction

Forward+Conflict (Infacted Recordings in Europe, 2004)

 * 1) Conflict (Turmoil Mix)
 * 2) Conflict (Combichrist Mix)
 * 3) Carve Into You (2003 Edit)
 * 4) Progression (Dirge mix by Assemblage 23)
 * 5) Not Justified
 * 6) Conflict (Massiv In Mensch Mix)
 * 7) Evolution
 * 8) Redemption
 * 9) Lost
 * 10) Conflict (Negative Format Mix)
 * 11) Not Justified (Madebelief Mix)
 * 12) Conflict (Alpha Conspiracy Mix By Iris)
 * 13) Harsh Reality
 * 14) Evolution (Dillusional Mix By Flesh Field)
 * 15) Progression (God Module Mix)

Illuminate (Nilaihah Records, 2004) and (Infacted Recordings in Europe)

 * 1) Let Me Tell You Something
 * 2) Going Under
 * 3) The One
 * 4) Illuminate
 * 5) Conflict
 * 6) Ever
 * 7) Truth
 * 8) Obsession
 * 9) Carve into You (2003 edit)
 * 10) Eternal
 * 11) Passage
 * 12) Conflict (Cyber DJ medley)

Re:Illumination (the mixes) (Nilaihah Records, 2008)

 * 1) Going Under (remixed by Conetik)
 * 2) Ever (remixed by DJ Delobbo)
 * 3) Illuminate (remixed by GASR)
 * 4) Let Me Tell You Something (Pogue Mahone mix by Caustic)
 * 5) Ever (remixed by Liquid Divine)
 * 6) Going Under (remixed by Internal Dialogue)
 * 7) Illuminate (remixed by Null Device)
 * 8) Ever (remixed by Hungry Lucy)
 * 9) Let Me Tell You Something (Deep mix by XP8)
 * 10) Going Under (remixed by Cesium 137)
 * 11) Ever (remixed by Rich Ratvasky)
 * 12) Illuminate (Recognized mix by Distorted Reality)
 * 13) Let Me Tell You Something(Subliminal Message mix by Interface)
 * 14) Ever (remixed by (e) a+d)
 * 15) Illuminate (remixed by Invisible Ballet)

Bonus Track: Illuminate (remixed by Rich Ratvasky)

Corruption (Nilaihah Records, 2013)

 * 1) Corruption
 * 2) Lost Soul
 * 3) Search and Destroy
 * 4) Fall
 * 5) Corruption (Mizz Camela Radio Mix)
 * 6) Corruption (DJ Peter T & Scotty Bossman Club Mix)
 * 7) Lost Soul (Level 2.0 Mix)
 * 8) Corruption (Kim Shiro Mix)
 * 9) Fall (Sonik Foundry Mix)
 * 10) Corruption (Sven Erler 2012 Club Mix)
 * 11) Search and Destroy (Interface Saviors Mix)
 * 12) Corruption (Scotty Bossman Mix)

title: The Azoic


text:
Category talk:GPL files

See also: Template talk:GPL

Wrongly tagged
The majority of images in this category appear to be wrongly tagged, either as a result of confusion with the GFDL or as a result of guessing a license when uploading (GPL was originally the first option on the upload form). Angela. 05:16, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Issues
Please see commons:Template talk:GPL for potential issues with GPL tagging on both projects. Superm401 - Talk 07:32, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Category talk:GPL files


text:
User talk:GreatLeapForward

Welcome, GreatLeapForward!
Welcome to the Wikipedia! Be sure to read carefully the WP:NPOV article on our absolute and non-negotiable policy on bias. If you read it and understand it well, your editing life will be long and happy. Also, if you have any questions at all at any time, feel free to drop by my page and say hi. Tom - Talk 19:40, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) (signed and dated with four tildes < ~ ~ ~ ~ >. Use three for name only.)

Arbitration
I have requested arbitration about you at Requests for arbitration. Feel free to respond there. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:08, Oct 11, 2004 (UTC)

Dear users 68.60.20.85, 66.20.28.21, ShepsleH, GreatLeapForward and AMoll. I notice you keep reverting the medical torture page. I also note you have arbitration request against your names, but hey, I'm willing to overlook that. I'll also overlook the fact you created the medical torture article after you got kicked off the Phil Gingrey article for adding NPOV material and continually reverting other Wikipedians' attempts to take it out. I have nothing against creating new articles, and I think medical torture is a subject worthy of its own article. Thanks for starting it.

I'm asking politely if you'd agree to discuss your views on the medical torture article. For example, why do you really, really have to have Phil Gingrey in the list of "Medical practitioners associated with torture" at all costs, with no explanation or sources? Why do you try and redefine the term "medical torture" to "whatever Phil Gingrey does"? Please respond on the talk page. As you've seen before, I'm more than willing to accept and even expand on additions to the page, provided there are credible sources. I'm also happy to accept any non-contentious edits you make, but please leave the NPOV boilerplate intact. Until you speak up and let me know why Wikipedia really, really has to call Phil Gingrey a torturer, I'll keep reverting your attempts to add him in. Trust me, you'll get bored first. Kyz 10:41, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Meeler and Kyz, if you two are so desperate for conversation why don't you talk to each other?

Marietta
Did you even bother to read my objections on Talk:Marietta, Georgia?

I'm sure there are plenty of unflattering facts about Marietta, and that one could write an objective article including those facts. For example: how about uploading a picture of an especially ugly stretch of Cobb Parkway and caption it with, "Cobb Parkway, Marietta's busiest commercial corridor"? No one could argue with the truth or objectivity of that, and only those totally lost to the American wasteland would fail to recognize the ugliness of it. I'm tempted to do such a thing myself, but I don't like to go OTP if I don't have to.

As long as you make edits containing assertions that my own direct experience tells me are not true, and without providing any supporting evidence, or edits that make political arguments, I will continue to undo them. It pains me that I have to do this to someone with whom I should be ideologically aligned, but I recognize that an encyclopedia is not the place for me to make arguments about my value system, and I hope you will someday recognize that as well.

--dreish~talk 14:57, 2004 Nov 19 (UTC)

Reverting
Hello, if you must revert an article, please make sure that you don't remove constructive information. In your recent revert to Medical torture you have not only returned the article to a POV state, but you have removed some constructive and non-controversial information, such as my November 21 edits. Please be careful. -- FirstPrinciples 00:25, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

Medical Torture
Hello again, I have attempted to make a compromise at Medical torture to keep everyone happy. Please let me know what you think. Best wishes, -- FirstPrinciples 01:29, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:GreatLeapForward


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Taj El-Din Hilaly

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Apparently not notable, since the first person to mention him onsite, the writer of the article, doesn't like him: if he were notable, one would expect an admirer to be the first. Google finds 24 instances of him online. A weak delete. — Bill 19:40, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Just a comment. Strange logic here. I wouldn't go accusing whoever started Hitler, Stalin, Kim Il-Sung, Myra Hindley, Son of Sam, etc. of liking the person they're writing about - though they're all notable. Jongarrettuk 20:17, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Umm, yeah, makes sense.... Still (to get back to the crux of it) do you think this one's notable?
 * He is notable enough to be mentioned under the article Grand Mufti (link doesn't work though because a different form of his name was used...)
 * Delete - Being an imam with delusions of grandeur isn't enough to be notable. Does anyone take him seriously? I may be willing to be convinced of his notability with evidence. --Improv 22:27, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

He is a very notable figure in Australia and merits an article. The reason for the low Google rating is possibly that there are a number of variant spellings of his name. This article is crap but the solution to that is to rewrite it, not delete it. Adam 00:18, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I have now done some work on the article and it should be taken off this list. Adam 00:48, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten. —No-One Jones (m) 01:12, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep after rewrite. — siro  χ  o  03:10, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten. --Cje 06:27, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep now: that's a very fine article, Adam! — Bill 11:38, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep rewrite. Excellent work on it! =) --Andylkl 15:30, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep English language media needs more NPOV information about Islam. Alberuni 16:50, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Looks more clear that he's actually notable. --Improv 03:10, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, the world needs to know about this madman. IZAK 09:08, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Francis L. Dade

Francis Langhorne Dade (1792 – December 28, 1835) was a Brevet Major in the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment, United States Army, during the Second Seminole War. Dade was killed in a battle with Seminole Indians that came to be known as the "Dade Massacre".

Life and career
Dade was born in Virginia, most likely in King George County. He joined the Twelfth Infantry in March 1813 (during the War of 1812) as a third lieutenant. He was transferred to the Fourth Infantry in May 1815. Under this post, he successfully led two military expeditions, in 1825 and 1826, from Fort Brooke in Tampa to Fort King near Ocala, through an area that was wilderness at the time and in the midst of ongoing conflict with Native Americans. He also commanded the United States Army base at Key West, and was eventually assigned to command the southern portion of Florida, running from Cape Florida on the Atlantic coast to Charlotte Harbor on the Gulf coast. He was brevetted major in February 1828 after ten years of service as a captain. By late 1835, he commanded a unit of 47 men, half of whom were European immigrants. Dade was stationed in Key West until October of 1835, when violence broke out in the Second Seminole War. General Duncan Lamont Clinch ordered Dade to leave one noncommissioned officer and 3 privates in Key West before taking the rest of his men to Fort Brooke.

Dade's final mission was to lead 110 men from Fort Brooke to Fort King. Led by Micanopy, the Seminoles destroyed bridges over the Hillsborough River and Withlacoochee River in order to delay the progress of the command, and ambushed the men on December 28, killing Dade and most of his men, and leaving only two survivors. The attack was followed in 1836 by widespread attacks on white settlers in Florida, and then by a US military buildup under General Winfield Scott. Dade and his men were not formally buried until a unit led by Edmund P. Gaines arrived at the site of the massacre in February 1836, Dade's remains only being identifiable by his vest and infantry buttons.

Legacy
When hostilities ceased, the Army proposed to transfer the remains of all who died in the territory, including those who fell with Dade, to a single burial ground. Reinterment took place at the St. Augustine Post Cemetery, which would become St. Augustine National Cemetery. In addition to Dade's command, more than 1,400 soldiers were interred in three mass graves. These men are memorialized by the Dade Monument, which is composed of three distinct pyramids, constructed of native coquina stone, and an obelisk. The dedication of the memorial at a ceremony on August 14, 1842, marked the end of the Florida Indian Wars.

The Dade Monument was erected in 1845 at the United States Military Academy Cemetery to honor Major Dade and the men under his command killed in the Seminole War.

Miami-Dade County, Florida (Dade County, until 1997); Dade County, Georgia; Dade County, Missouri; Dadeville, Alabama; and Dade City, Florida are all named after Major Dade. The now decommissioned fort on Egmont Key was also named for him. The battle is re-enacted at the Dade Battlefield Historic State Park each year. In 2002, the Dade County Courthouse was renamed the Major Francis Langhorne Dade County Courthouse by the Board of County Commissioners of Miami-Dade County. In the resolution changing the courthouse's name, the Board noted that it found "that Major Francis Langhorne Dade is a person who made a significant contribution to Miami-Dade County".

title: Francis L. Dade