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Quartermaster

Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is an officer who supervises logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distributes supplies and provisions. In many navies, a quartermaster is a seaman or petty officer with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the Quartiermeister. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the quarterdeck" where the helmsman and captain controlled the ship. The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître and kwartier-meester, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.

Army use
For land armies, the term was first coined in Germany as Quartiermeister and initially denoted a court official with the duty of preparing the monarch's sleeping quarters. In the 17th century, it started to be used in various militaries in the sense of organizing supplies.

From at least the English Civil War period until 1813, the quartermaster was the senior NCO in a British cavalry troop, in which context he had nothing to do with supply. In that year, the position was replaced by the new appointment of troop sergeant major, with the cavalry adopting commissioned, regimental quartermasters as described above.

Canada
From Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps standing orders:

"For many centuries – indeed perhaps as long as there have been organized military units – the appointment of quartermaster has been significant in armies. Until recent times, the British Army almost invariably rewarded an outstanding RSM by appointing him quartermaster of his battalion, thus ensuring the unit an experienced officer who knew the unit thoroughly and would prove difficult to mislead or beguile. [The past tense is in fact incorrect, as the British Army still has this policy.]

As the complexities of the Army and its material increased, an officer with greater professional technical knowledge of the problems that surround stores management was required for the Quartermaster's duties. Under authority of Canadian Army Order 201 – 16 dated 8 February 1954, the Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps assumed these responsibilities and undertook to train and provide unit quartermasters and staff for all corps of the Canadian Army (Regular) except the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and Royal Canadian Dental Corps."

In recent years, the quartermaster has been a specially trained officer of the Royal Canadian Logistics Service, though CFR (commissioned from ranks) officers have been known to accept regimental appointments such as quartermaster.

Israel
In the IDF, the battalion quartermaster is also the commander of the battalions support company, known as the battalion headquarters company. In the standing army he is usually a captain, but the role is a major's role. In the reserve army he is usually a major. While most of the staff officers are directly under the command of the battalion commander, the quartermaster has a lieutenant, a logistics officer and a junior ordnance officer (the battalion's ordnance platoon commander) under his direct command. He is in charge of all logistics issues in the battalion and also in charge of the battalion's headquarter's day-to-day life. He is commissioned as an officer by the ramatkal (the army's general chief of staff), and as a logistic officer by kalar (the army's general logistic officer). In large camps and higher headquarters (brigade, division and corps HQ), apart from the staff officer in charge of logistics, there is also a role defined mostly as "camp commander", who is in charge of the HQ logistic issues, ceremonies and parades and discipline. These duties differ slightly in the air force and navy. The ranks of IDF quartermasters vary from sergeant major to CWO, depending on the size of the camp. Most soldiers refer to him as rasar (the Hebrew acronym for the rank of 2WO) without regarding his actual rank. Quartermasters are identified (in all IDF branches) by a blue and white aiguillette on the left shoulder.

Switzerland
In the Swiss Army, a quartermaster (Qm) is an officer (from 2 Lt. to colonel) in charge with the coordination of the Kommissariatsdienst (accountancy, post-service, fuel resupply, "all sort of food" resupply and others) of a battalion, regiment and brigade/division. His function is more a control and supervision function: a staff officer for the respective commander. The Qm has a direct subordinate at company level: it is the company quartermaster sergeant. The company quartermaster sergeant is known since the 18th century as Fourier or Einheits-Fourier and has the rank equivalent of a senior non-commissioned-officer like the company sergeant major (since 2001 company chief sergeant major, CMS) and they are ranked (for better understanding in NATO-ranks even though Switzerland, as a neutral state, is not part of NATO) OR-7 in the senior NCO's category (Höhere Unteroffiziere). For technical questions, the QMS is subordinated to the Qm officer (Qm 2 Lt, Qm 1 lt or Qm captain incorporated in the staff of a battalion/group). The tasks of resupply are assigned at company level to the two SNCO's (CSM and QMS). The QMS is the material executor of the Qm tasks at company level and for the command chain together with the CSM, directly subordinated to the company commander (captain) as staff NCOs. The Fourier is also the substitute of the chief sergeant major (Hauptfeldweibel), if considering the command platoon by itself.

United Kingdom
In the British Army and Royal Marines, the quartermaster (QM) is the commissioned officer in a battalion or regiment responsible for supply. By longstanding tradition, they are always commissioned from the ranks and hold the rank of captain or major (although until the 20th century the quartermaster was usually a lieutenant). Some units also have a technical quartermaster, who is in charge of technical stores. The quartermaster is assisted by the regimental quartermaster sergeant (RQMS) (and the technical quartermaster by the technical quartermaster sergeant (TQMS)) and a staff of storemen. The QM, RQMS and storemen are drawn from the regiment or corps in which they work, not from the Royal Logistic Corps (or its predecessors), which is responsible for issuing and transporting supplies to them. Units which specialize in supply are known as "supply" units, not "quartermaster" units, and their personnel as suppliers or logistics specialists ("log specs"). Traditionally, the quartermaster had previously served as RQMS and then regimental sergeant major (RSM) of the unit of which he later became quartermaster.

United States
In the United States Army, the term is used to describe all supply personnel and units that are part of the United States Army Quartermaster Corps (USQMC) which was formerly the Quartermaster Department. It is a Sustainment, formerly combat service support (CSS), branch of the United States Army. It is also one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Transportation Corps and the Ordnance Corps.

Belgium
In Belgium, the naval ranks of quartermaster, chief quartermaster, and first chief quartermaster are used.

France
In the French Navy, Quartermaster (Quartier-maître) is a junior rank, equivalent to a French Army and Air Force Corporal. The French rank has nothing to do with supplies. This rank is also used by many other navies based on the French Navy.

Norway
In the Norwegian navy, kvartermester is a rank equal to an army sergeant.

United Kingdom
In the Royal Navy and Commonwealth navies (Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy, Indian Navy, and South African Navy), the quartermaster is the senior member of the gangway staff when the ship is alongside and is responsible for supervising the boatswain's mate and the security of the brow. They are also responsible for steering the ship while at sea.

United States

The quartermaster is the enlisted member in charge of the watch-to-watch navigation and the maintenance, correction, and preparation of nautical charts and navigation publications. They are also responsible for navigational instruments and clocks and the training of ship's lookouts and helmsmen. They perform these duties under the control of the ship's navigator or other officer if there was no officer navigator. In the modern navy, a quartermaster is a petty officer who specializes in navigation. The rating abbreviation is QM. The symbol used for the rating and worn on uniforms is a. The colloquial form of address for a quartermaster is "Wheels".

On U.S. Navy submarines, the job of a quartermaster is done by a qualified navigation electronics technician (NAV-ET). Along with the job of a Navy surface QM, NAV-ETs are also responsible for electronic systems that deal with navigation, internal communications, atmosphere monitoring, ship's entertainment systems, re-circulatory air systems (ventilation) and remote valve indication or manipulation.

After 2004, the U.S. Navy disestablished the signalman rating (SM); signalmen were responsible for visual communications, and many of the personnel and their responsibilities were incorporated in the QM rating.

The U.S. Navy rating dealing with supply and logistics is logistics specialist (LS) which would be equivalent to the Army quartermaster.

Coast guard
The structure of ranks and job specialties of the United States Coast Guard is similar to that of the United States Navy. The Coast Guard used a quartermaster rating until the summer of 2003, when the rating was merged into the boatswain's mate rating.

The Coast Guard's quartermasters had the same duties as the Navy's, with the exception that—at some point after World War II—the Coast Guard folded the duties of its signalman rating into the quartermaster rating. Also, in recent decades, quartermaster was one of the only two Coast Guard enlisted ratings permitted to hold command of a small boat station (command otherwise being reserved for officers), with the other enlisted man's "command rating" being the boatswain's mate.

NATO code
While the rank is used in a number of NATO countries, it is ranked differently depending on the country.

Piracy
Pirates during the Golden Age of Piracy elevated the rank of quartermaster to much higher powers and responsibilities than it had aboard non-pirate merchant or naval vessels. On pirate ships, the quartermaster was often granted a veto power by a pirate ship's "Articles of Agreement", in order to create an officer who could counterbalance the powers of the pirate captain. Pirate quartermasters, like pirate captains, were usually elected by their crews.

It was often the quartermaster's responsibility to lead the pirate boarding party when boarding another ship. This was usually done from the quarterdeck (the place where two ships touched during the boarding attack).

The quartermaster ranked higher than any other officer aboard the ship except the captain himself, and could veto the captain's decisions whenever the ship was not chasing a prize or engaged in battle. The quartermaster also was chiefly responsible for discipline, assessing punishments for crewmen who transgressed the articles.

According to pirate Captain Charles Johnson, ghost author of the 18th century source, A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates, aboard a pirate ship "the Captain can undertake nothing which the Quarter-Master does not approve. We may say, the Quarter-Master is a humble Imitation of the Roman Tribune of the People; he speaks for, and looks after the Interest of the Crew".

Several quartermasters, notably among them Calico Jack Rackham, became captains after their previous captain was killed or deposed.

Scouting
A Scout quartermaster within the Scout movement is responsible for maintaining all the normal camping supplies in a Scout troop or pack. This may include, but is not limited to, camping supplies, tents, "chuck boxes" (containers holding food and cooking supplies), stoves, camp fuel (propane, naphtha, etc.), tarps, camping trailers, dining flys, etc.

The Quartermaster Award is also the highest rank in the Sea Scouts, BSA, an older youth (age 13–21) co-ed program. A quartermaster (kwartiermeester) is in the Netherlands the assistant patrol leader of a Sea Scout patrol (Bak), in Flanders it is the patrol leader of a Sea Scout patrol (Kwartier).

In popular culture

 * Long John Silver, the charming and lethal one-legged pirate from the novel Treasure Island, had been the pirate version of quartermaster under Captain Flint. It was noted he was the one man Flint had been afraid of.
 * The character Q in the James Bond franchise, who supplies Bond with all his gadgets, is named Q for Quartermaster.
 * The Rooster Teeth animated web series, Camp Camp, features a character simply referred to as "Quartermaster".
 * The characters of Nigel Nesbett and Louis Litt served as quartermasters in the basic cable USA Network series Suits where they oversaw office supplies and food and beverage provisions in the New York City law firm, Pearson Darby.
 * The video game Tooth and Tail has a main character by the name of The Quartermaster.
 * In British policing, the department that issues uniform and supplies is known informally as the Quartermasters.

title: Quartermaster


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Bere Regis

Bere Regis is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated 6 mi north-west of Wareham. In the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 1,745.

The village has one shop, a family-owned cheese barn, a post office, and two pubs, The Royal Oak and The Drax Arms. The parish church is St. John the Baptist Church. The village features in the Domesday Book of 1086.

History
Woodbury Hill, 0.5 mi east of Bere Regis village, is the site of an Iron Age contour hill-fort, the ramparts of which enclose 12 acre on a flat-topped spur of land.

The original settlements in the parish were Shitterton, Bere Regis village and Dodding's Farm, which are all sited by the Bere or Milborne Stream. Later settlements were small farms in the Piddle Valley to the south, first recorded between the mid 13th and mid 14th centuries.

Edward I made Bere Regis a free borough and it was an important market town for a long period, though all domestic buildings built before 1600 have since been destroyed by serious fires in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

Governance
Bere Regis is in an electoral ward that bears its name and includes neighbouring Bloxworth. The ward population in the 2011 census was 1,945. The ward forms part of the parliamentary constituency of Mid Dorset and North Poole. Its Member of Parliament since 2015 is the Conservative Michael Tomlinson.

After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Bere Regis is part of the West Purbeck ward which elects 2 members to Dorset Council.

It is formerly governed by Purbeck District Council and Bere Regis Parish Council at the parish level. The parish council meets once per month.

Geography
Bere Regis village is sited by the side of the small Bere River or Bere Stream, a tributary of the River Piddle, where the chalk of the Dorset Downs, to the north, dips beneath newer deposits of clay, sands and gravels. The village is situated at the western terminus of the A31 road (Guildford – Bere Regis), where it joins the A35 (Southampton – Honiton), although both roads now bypass the village. The local travel hubs are Wareham railway station, 6 mi from the village, and Bournemouth Airport, 17 mi away.

To the south-east of the village a large conifer plantation, Wareham Forest, stretches several miles to Wareham. To the west is Dorchester, north is Blandford Forum and east is Bournemouth. Further to the south is the chalk ridge of the Purbeck Hills, and 10 mi to the south is the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site on the English Channel.

Architecture
Having suffered extensive fires throughout its history, including the most serious in 1777, the village has lost many of its older buildings. There is, however, a selection of Georgian and Victorian buildings. The nearby hamlet of Shitterton, protected by the Bere River from the fires, still retains an extensive selection of older buildings, predominantly thatch. Amongst them is the oldest residential building in the parish; the 550-year-old Honeycombe Cottage.

The oldest parts of the parish church of St John the Baptist are of the 12th century, but additions were made in the following three centuries. The tower is built of stone-and-flint chequerwork, and the timber roof of the nave is said to have been the gift of Cardinal John Morton. Features of interest include the arcades, some 16th-century seating and a number of Purbeck marble monuments. The Victorian and later stained glass is of poor quality.

Demography
In the 2011 census Bere Regis civil parish had 852 dwellings, 803 households and a population of 1,745 (867 male, 878 female).

Education
The village has one village school: Bere Regis Primary & Pre-School located in Southbrook. This is a mixed primary school for children aged 4–10.

Literature
The village featured in several novels of Thomas Hardy, most notably, Tess of the D'Urbervilles. The village was portrayed as 'Kingsbere', and the D'Urberville family was based on the Turberville family of Bere Regis. This family name has evolved to Turbyfill.

Sport and recreation
Bere Regis has an active village sports club and playing fields which can be used for different sports. Bere Regis FC are one of the oldest Football Clubs in England and in Dorset, having been formed in 1885 when they were known as the 'Arabs'. They are a well established team.

Twin towns
Bere Regis is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Cérences, France

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bere Regis


text:
Orindiúva

Orindiúva is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 7,194 (2020 est.) in an area of 248.1 km².

Orindiúva belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Orindiúva


text:
Template talk:Subdivisions of Ontario

Brant and Brantford are separate single-tiers but form one census division, so I used a hyphen between them instead of a pipe, to indicate this. Guelph is no different from all the rest of the separated muni's, so I removed Guelph and gave the separated's an italicized link to their list (as none of them form census divisions in their own right). Radagast 19:20, Oct 15, 2004 (UTC)

The older discussion from MediaWiki talk:Ontario, which I deleted, can be found here. --Ixfd64 18:24, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

See Canadian wikipedians' notice board/discussion. Circeus 18:40, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Hunter Island
Let's get some consensus and settle whether to include Historical areas: Hunter Island. It does not belong here because this is a template for the political subdivisions of Ontario. In fact, if we were to list historical subdivisions, then it should list former counties and such, but not this island. There is no indication whatsoever that it ever was an recognized political subdivision. -- P 1 9 9 • TALK 14:25, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * This is a template for "Subdivisions of Ontario", not for "Political Subdivisions of Ontario" only. I agree that it serves mostly to outline political subdivisions, but not exclusively. Historical subdivisions are important and relevant too... I will revert... 140.139.35.250 (talk) 18:20, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * While the title is generic "Subdivisions of Ontario", it clearly means political as is more than evident from its content. Hunter Island has nothing in common with the other entities in this list. What is so important about it that it needs inclusion here over other historical subdivisions such as former counties? There is nothing in the article signifying any historic importance other than a boundary dispute. So, even if we include non-political subdivisions in this template, there still is no reason to include Hunter Island. It just never was or is a recognized subdivision of Ontario. Why you are pushing so hard to have this included? -- P 1 9 9 • TALK 20:18, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Hunter Island is an important destination for Canadian and US recreationalists. The term is in common use & is not obsolete. These people would like to know some context for the area. Inclusion in the template facilitates that (as it will for other "historical areas" ... and not just "former counties"). Why you are pushing so hard to not have this (& other historical areas) included? 140.139.35.250 (talk) 18:35, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) Hunter Island an important destination for Canadian and US recreationalists??? There are probably more than a 100 more important recreation destinations in Ontario, and these are not on this template either - because this template is not for recreation destinations. 2) If people need context for Hunter Island, place relevant descriptions and links in the article. Like stated before, Hunter Island has nothing in common with the other entities in this list. So it provides no context whatsoever. In fact, by adding it, it is equated with other geopolitical subdivision, making it misleading context. 3) I don't mind inclusion of historic geopolitical subdivisions. But Hunter Island is neither of historic importance, nor a recognized subdivision of any kind. -- P 1 9 9 • TALK 20:07, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

Greater Sudbury and Muskoka
In provincial law, the City of Greater Sudbury and the District Municipality of Muskoka are within the Territorial District of Sudbury and the Territorial District of Muskoka, respectively. See Schedule 2 of [https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/030180 O. Reg. 180/03].

I believe the creation of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury did not create a hole in the Territorial District of Sudbury. I believe the Territorial District of Muskoka was never dissolved when the District Municipality of Muskoka was created. See Territorial Division Act, RSO 1950, c 388. See Territorial Division Act, RSO 1980, c 497.

This means the area municipalities of Sudbury Region geographically overlapped both the Regional Municipality of Sudbury and the Territorial District of Sudbury. Three layers could not "fit" into the two layer system of census divisions and subdivisions. Therefore, the census division, Sudbury with type District, excludes the geographic area of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury - now the City of Greater Sudbury. There is currently a separate census division for the City of Greater Sudbury.

There is a similar case with Muskoka. The District Municipality of Muskoka is coextensive with the Territorial District of Muskoka. The census division, Muskoka, has the type District municipality but not District. There is a census subdivision for each lower-tier municipality of the upper-tier municipality of Muskoka.

Should Greater Sudbury be removed from this template? Like North Bay or Sault Ste. Marie, it is a single-tier municipality within a territorial district.

On this template, should Muskoka be listed both as a district and regional municipality? Both links could be to the same article. The linked article could note that the upper-tier municipality of Muskoka overlaps a similarly named territorial district.

It looks like there is some confusion between territorial districts and DSSAB districts. The districts for the ten DSSAB's are defined in [https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/980278 O. Reg. 278/98]. The article for Kenora District says it has a district seat. Both the articles for the District of Algoma and the District of Kenora give websites of a DSSAB. In my opinion, territorial districts do not have district seats, and DSSAB websites are not websites of territorial districts. Notice there are actually two DSSAB districts in the territorial district of Algoma. I have posted on the talk pages of the articles for both of Algoma District and Kenora District. Talk for Algoma --- Talk for Kenora

--2607:FEA8:7A1F:F41F:9164:EAFC:96A6:314B (talk) 22:05, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

 * The Territorial Division Act, RSO 1980, c 497, states the Territorial District of Muskoka consists of the District Municipality of Muskoka, and the District Municipality of Muskoka forms the Provisional Judicial District of Muskoka. As per this act, the Territorial District of Sudbury consists of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury, several towns, geographic townships and any territory that remains within described boundaries. As per the act, the Territorial District of Sudbury forms the Provisional Judicial District of Sudbury.

 * In the Regional Municipality of Sudbury Act, SO 1972, c 104, subsection 6 (3) states the Regional Municipality of Sudbury forms part of the Provisional Judicial District of Sudbury, implying that the rest of the Territorial District of Sudbury forms the rest of the Provisional Judicial District of Sudbury.

 * In the District Municipality of Muskoka Act, RSO 1970, c 131, subsection 5 (3) states that the District Municipality is a provisional judicial district.

 * None of these acts say that the Regional Municipality of Sudbury does not form part of the Territorial District of Sudbury. None of these acts say that the District Municipality of Sudbury does not form part of the Territorial District of Muskoka.

 * I have an old Ontario Official Road Map that clearly does not draw a green county/district boundary around Sudbury Region, but does have it outlined in yellow like cities and other regional municipalities. My newer old official road maps give the misinformation that Sudbury District is shaped like a ring, and Sudbury Region is in another separated "outside". Maybe with the rise of computers, Sudbury Region got separated in two-layer datasets. The recent official road maps of Ontario don't have Greater Sudbury separated from Sudbury District.

 * Should Greater Sudbury be removed from this template? Like North Bay or Sault Ste. Marie, it is a single-tier municipality within a territorial district.

 * On this template, should Muskoka be listed both as a district and regional municipality? Both links could be to the same article. The linked article could note that the upper-tier municipality of Muskoka overlaps a similarly named territorial district.

 * --2607:FEA8:7A1F:F41F:9164:EAFC:96A6:314B (talk) 23:45, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Subdivisions of Ontario


text:
Greatest Hits & Unheard Bits

Greatest Hits & Unheard Bits is the second greatest hits album by Space, released on 22 September 2003. It includes all the band's singles, as well as tracks from their previous albums and songs remaining from their "unfinished" third album Love You More than Football.

Track listing

 * 1) "Female Of The Species"
 * 2) "Avenging Angels"
 * 3) "Me And You Versus the World"
 * 4) "Neighbourhood"
 * 5) "The Ballad of Tom Jones"
 * 6) "We've Gotta Get Outta This Place"
 * 7) "Dark Clouds"
 * 8) "Bad Days" (Remix)
 * 9) "Money"
 * 10) "Lovechild Of the Queen"
 * 11) "1 O'Clock"
 * 12) "Begin Again"
 * 13) "Be There"
 * 14) "Mister Psycho"
 * 15) "Voodoo Roller"
 * 16) "Good Times"
 * 17) "I Love You More Than Football"

title: Greatest Hits & Unheard Bits


text:
Orlândia

Orlândia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 44,360 (2020 est.) in an area of 291.8 km². The elevation is 695 m (2,280 ft).

title: Orlândia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Buddhagouda

Buddhagouda
Third (spotted...) shot of the creator of Buddhala (see also Gooble, asked for deletion above). Same comments as above. A bit worse since our funny joker can now be spotted doing quite hidden vandalism in quite serious pages ; for instance a link to Buddhagouda at Gupta Empire (see the diff page ) --French Tourist 19:21, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC) Speedy deleted by me. Tag 'em with ((delete)) if you spot more of them, by all means. If no one agrees that they're speedy deletes, they'll end up here anyway. Good job Tourist on the sharp eyes. (Our vandal really has a thing about weight, it seems.) (Psych profile in progress.) Geogre 01:58, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Fire Star 20:28, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Bettiscombe

Bettiscombe is a small village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, situated in the Marshwood Vale 4 mi west of Beaminster. Dorset County Council's 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the civil parish is 50.

History
The parish church, dedicated to St Stephen, has two windows in the chancel and possibly one in the west tower dating from about 1400, although the rest of the structure was rebuilt by John Hicks in 1862.

Skull legend
Bettiscombe Manor, a manor house in the village, is known as "The House of the screaming skull" due to a legend dating from the 19th century. Other ghost stories are also associated with the manor. The legend maintains that the skull is that of a Jamaican slave belonging to John Frederick Pinney.

Azariah Pinney's descendants disposed of their Nevis estates and returned to the family home of Bettiscombe Manor in 1830, accompanied by one of the family's black slaves. While in his master's service, the servant was taken seriously ill with suspected tuberculosis. As he lay dying, the servant swore that he would never rest unless his body was returned to his homeland of Nevis, but when he died, John Frederick Pinney refused to pay for such an expensive burial and instead had the body interred in the grounds of St. Stephen's Church cemetery. After the burial, ill fortune plagued the village for many months and screams and crying were heard coming from the cemetery. Other disturbances were reported from the manor house, such as windows rattling and doors slamming of their own accord. The villagers went to the manor to seek advice. The body of the servant was exhumed and the body taken to the manor house. In the process of time the skeleton has long since vanished, except for the skull.

In 1963 a professor of human and comparative anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons stated that the skull was not that of a black man but that of a European female aged between twenty-five and thirty.

title: Bettiscombe


text: Category:Crimean War

title: Category:Crimean War


text: Category:Curling

title: Category:Curling


text:
Bincombe

Bincombe is a small village, or hamlet, and civil parish in Dorset, England, 5 mi north of Weymouth. The village is 1 mi from Upwey railway station and 28 mi from Bournemouth International Airport. The main road running through the village is Icen Lane. The civil parish, which includes a small part of the settlement of Broadwey to the west, had a population of 514 in the 2011 census.

The village stands on a limestone ridge 3 mi south of Dorchester. Holy Trinity Church dates from the early 13th century.

Large military camps for the observation of the English Channel were formed on the hills in this parish in the reign of George III, and two deserters, in trying to escape with details of the different camps, were captured in the English Channel, tried by court martial and shot on Bincombe Down. Their remains are buried in the churchyard, where the stone can still be seen. The same incident, differently interpreted, forms the basis of Thomas Hardy's short story, The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion.

The Master and Fellows of Caius College, Cambridge, are the principal landowners.

title: Bincombe


text:
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title: User:Bugmenot02


text:
Finite-state transducer

A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine with two memory tapes, following the terminology for Turing machines: an input tape and an output tape. This contrasts with an ordinary finite-state automaton, which has a single tape. An FST is a type of finite-state automaton (FSA) that maps between two sets of symbols. An FST is more general than an FSA. An FSA defines a formal language by defining a set of accepted strings, while an FST defines a relation between sets of strings.

An FST will read a set of strings on the input tape and generates a set of relations on the output tape. An FST can be thought of as a translator or relater between strings in a set.

In morphological parsing, an example would be inputting a string of letters into the FST, the FST would then output a string of morphemes.

Overview
An automaton can be said to recognize a string if we view the content of its tape as input. In other words, the automaton computes a function that maps strings into the set {0,1}. Alternatively, we can say that an automaton generates strings, which means viewing its tape as an output tape. On this view, the automaton generates a formal language, which is a set of strings. The two views of automata are equivalent: the function that the automaton computes is precisely the indicator function of the set of strings it generates. The class of languages generated by finite automata is known as the class of regular languages.

The two tapes of a transducer are typically viewed as an input tape and an output tape. On this view, a transducer is said to transduce (i.e., translate) the contents of its input tape to its output tape, by accepting a string on its input tape and generating another string on its output tape. It may do so nondeterministically and it may produce more than one output for each input string. A transducer may also produce no output for a given input string, in which case it is said to reject the input. In general, a transducer computes a relation between two formal languages.

Each string-to-string finite-state transducer relates the input alphabet Σ to the output alphabet Γ. Relations R on Σ*×Γ* that can be implemented as finite-state transducers are called rational relations. Rational relations that are partial functions, i.e. that relate every input string from Σ* to at most one Γ*, are called rational functions.

Finite-state transducers are often used for phonological and morphological analysis in natural language processing research and applications. Pioneers in this field include Ronald Kaplan, Lauri Karttunen, Martin Kay and Kimmo Koskenniemi. A common way of using transducers is in a so-called "cascade", where transducers for various operations are combined into a single transducer by repeated application of the composition operator (defined below).

Formal construction
Formally, a finite transducer T is a 6-tuple ($Q, Σ, Γ, I, F, δ$) such that:

 * $Q$ is a finite set, the set of states;
 * $Σ$ is a finite set, called the input alphabet;
 * $Γ$ is a finite set, called the output alphabet;
 * $I$ is a subset of $Q$, the set of initial states;
 * $F$ is a subset of $Q$, the set of final states; and
 * $$\delta \subseteq Q \times (\Sigma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times (\Gamma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times Q$$ (where ε is the empty string) is the transition relation.

We can view (Q, δ) as a labeled directed graph, known as the transition graph of T: the set of vertices is Q, and $$(q,a,b,r)\in\delta$$ means that there is a labeled edge going from vertex q to vertex r. We also say that a is the input label and b the output label of that edge.

NOTE: This definition of finite transducer is also called letter transducer (Roche and Schabes 1997); alternative definitions are possible, but can all be converted into transducers following this one.

Define the extended transition relation $$\delta^*$$ as the smallest set such that:

 * $$\delta\subseteq\delta^*$$;
 * $$(q,\epsilon,\epsilon,q)\in\delta^*$$ for all $$q\in Q$$; and
 * whenever $$(q,x,y,r) \in \delta^*$$ and $$(r,a,b,s) \in \delta$$ then $$(q,xa,yb,s) \in \delta^*$$.

The extended transition relation is essentially the reflexive transitive closure of the transition graph that has been augmented to take edge labels into account. The elements of $$\delta^*$$ are known as paths. The edge labels of a path are obtained by concatenating the edge labels of its constituent transitions in order.

The behavior of the transducer T is the rational relation [T] defined as follows: $$x[T]y$$ if and only if there exists $$i \in I$$ and $$f \in F$$ such that $$(i,x,y,f) \in \delta^*$$. This is to say that T transduces a string $$x\in\Sigma^*$$ into a string $$y\in\Gamma^*$$ if there exists a path from an initial state to a final state whose input label is x and whose output label is y.

Weighted automata
Finite State Transducers can be weighted, where each transition is labelled with a weight in addition to the input and output labels. A Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) over a set K of weights can be defined similarly to an unweighted one as an 8-tuple $T=(Q, Σ, Γ, I, F, E, λ, ρ)$, where: In order to make certain operations on WFSTs well-defined, it is convenient to require the set of weights to form a semiring. Two typical semirings used in practice are the log semiring and tropical semiring: nondeterministic automata may be regarded as having weights in the Boolean semiring.
 * $Q, Σ, Γ, I, F$ are defined as above;
 * $$ E \subseteq Q \times (\Sigma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times (\Gamma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times Q \times K$$ (where ε is the empty string) is the finite set of transitions;
 * $$\lambda: I \rightarrow K $$ maps initial states to weights;
 * $$\rho: F \rightarrow K $$ maps final states to weights.

Stochastic FST
Stochastic FSTs (also known as probabilistic FSTs or statistical FSTs) are presumably a form of weighted FST.

Operations on finite-state transducers
The following operations defined on finite automata also apply to finite transducers:

 * Union. Given transducers $T$ and $S$, there exists a transducer $$T\cup S$$ such that $$x[T\cup S]y$$ if and only if $$x[T]y$$ or $$x[S]y$$.
 * Concatenation. Given transducers $T$ and $S$, there exists a transducer $$T\cdot S$$ such that $$x[T\cdot S]y$$ if and only if there exist $$x_1, x_2, y_1, y_2$$ with $$x=x_1x_2, y =y_1y_2, x_1[T]y_1$$ and $$x_2[S]y_2.$$
 * Kleene closure. Given a transducer $T$, there might exist a transducer $$T^*$$ with the following properties:

 * and $$x[T^*]y$$ does not hold unless mandated by ($$) or ($$).

 * Composition. Given a transducer $$ on alphabets Σ and Γ and a transducer $$ on alphabets Γ and Δ, there exists a transducer $$T \circ S$$ on Σ and Δ such that $$x[T \circ S]z$$ if and only if there exists a string $$y\in\Gamma^*$$ such that $$x[T]y$$ and $$y[S]z$$. This operation extends to the weighted case.

 * This definition uses the same notation used in mathematics for relation composition. However, the conventional reading for relation composition is the other way around: given two relations $T$ and $S$, $$(x,z)\in T\circ S$$ when there exist some $T$ such that $$(x,y)\in S$$ and $$(y,z)\in T.$$

 * Projection to an automaton. There are two projection functions: $$\pi_1$$ preserves the input tape, and $$\pi_2$$ preserves the output tape.  The first projection, $$\pi_1$$ is defined as follows:

 * Given a transducer $S$, there exists a finite automaton $$\pi_1 T$$ such that $$\pi_1 T$$ accepts x if and only if there exists a string y for which $$x[T]y.$$

 * The second projection, $$\pi_2$$ is defined similarly.

 * Determinization. Given a transducer $y$, we want to build an equivalent transducer that has a unique initial state and such that no two transitions leaving any state share the same input label. The powerset construction can be extended to transducers, or even weighted transducers, but sometimes fails to halt; indeed, some non-deterministic transducers do not admit equivalent deterministic transducers. Characterizations of determinizable transducers have been proposed along with efficient algorithms to test them: they rely on the semiring used in the weighted case as well as a general property on the structure of the transducer (the twins property).
 * Weight pushing for the weighted case.
 * Minimization for the weighted case.
 * Removal of epsilon-transitions.

Additional properties of finite-state transducers

 * It is decidable whether the relation [T] of a transducer T is empty.
 * It is decidable whether there exists a string y such that x[T]y for a given string x.
 * It is undecidable whether two transducers are equivalent. Equivalence is however decidable in the special case where the relation [T] of a transducer T is a (partial) function.
 * If one defines the alphabet of labels $$L=(\Sigma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times (\Gamma\cup\{\epsilon\})$$, finite-state transducers are isomorphic to NDFA over the alphabet $$L$$, and may therefore be determinized (turned into deterministic finite automata over the alphabet $$L=[(\Sigma\cup\{\epsilon\}) \times \Gamma] \cup [\Sigma \times (\Gamma\cup\{\epsilon\})]$$) and subsequently minimized so that they have the minimum number of states.

Applications
FSTs are used in the lexical analysis phase of compilers to associate semantic value with the discovered tokens.

Context-sensitive rewriting rules of the form a → b / c _ d, used in linguistics to model phonological rules and sound change, are computationally equivalent to finite-state transducers, provided that application is nonrecursive, i.e. the rule is not allowed to rewrite the same substring twice.

Weighted FSTs found applications in natural language processing, including machine translation, and in machine learning. An implementation for part-of-speech tagging can be found as one component of the OpenGrm library.

title: Finite-state transducer


text:
User:A a~enwiki

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''Note: BugMeNot has removed wikipedia.org from its listings. However, domains that redirect to Wikipedia are still listed.''

This is an "anonymous" account someone has registered with the BugMeNot service. Whether this is actually worthwhile is dubious - people not logged in can still edit, and registering a username takes about 5 seconds...

This username has been hijacked: User:Rdsmith4 has claimed responsibility. Yelyos 02:39, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)

title: User:A a~enwiki


text:
User:SirAglet

 Note: This user's login information was posted to BugMeNot and the account has been disabled.

Wikipedia does not require the registration of an account in order to edit articles, and while registration is encouraged, it does not cost anything and allows users to preserve their anonymity. Hence there is no need to post login information to BugMeNot and no advantage to be gained by using these accounts.

If you come across an account whose login details have been made public in this way please log in, change the password, and add this template to the user page by entering. This prevents multiple unrelated people from being identified by the same account name. There is generally no need to block these accounts if their passwords can be changed so as to prevent them from being used.

For more information about contributing to Wikipedia, see Introduction and Why create an account?.

''Note: BugMeNot has removed wikipedia.org from its listings. However, domains that redirect to Wikipedia are still listed.''

This is an "anonymous" account someone has registered with the BugMeNot service. Whether this is actually worthwhile is dubious - people not logged in can still edit, and registering a username takes about 5 seconds...

Yes, the original SirAglet has bothed missed the point of Wikipedia and BugMeNot, well done. The purpose of BugMeNot is to hold registration info for sites that discourage freedom of information. Wikipedia is the very opposite of these sites and is the heart of freedom of information on the web.

... some clever comment about Microsoft and open-source or something...

 * someone's using the account to pimp ImagiNation Network's games. What's the easy way to look at a user's contributions?

Account blocked
This account has been used to vandalize Wikipedia (see for example, , and ) and has thus been blocked indefinitely, as such an open account is accessible to anyone, including more vandals. —Lowellian (talk)  07:22, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Regrettably, I'm getting numerous emails via Wikipedia email with AOL users who are getting autoblocked because their IP addresses were used by SirAglet. The collatoral damage is too great, so I'm unblocking. - Ta bu shi da yu 00:08, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

SirAglet is no more!
After getting quite a few annoyed AOL users emailing me because they got Autoblocked, I realised the best way of dealing with this annoying account was to login using the "battleaxe" password and change it over to a new one. So this user won't be annoying us anymore. - Ta bu shi da yu (from the SirAglet account).

title: User:SirAglet


text:
Category:Automata

de:Kategorie:Automatentheorie

title: Category:Automata


text: Category:Indian economists

title: Category:Indian economists


text:
Osasco (disambiguation)

Osasco may refer to:

Places

 * Osasco, a city in São Paulo state, Brazil
 * Osasco, Piedmont, a commune in the province of Turin, Italy

Football clubs

 * Esporte Clube Osasco, a Brazilian football (soccer) club
 * Grêmio Esportivo Osasco, a Brazilian football (soccer) club
 * Osasco Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football (soccer) club

title: Osasco (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Long Beach Airport

Runway Change
Not sure when this article will need to be updated, but the airport is in the process of changing runways 7/25 to 8/26, due to the changes in Earth's magnetic field. They're supposedly repainting the numbers now. :)

Source: https://lbpost.com/news/city/the-earths-shifting-magnetic-field-forces-updates-to-long-beach-airport-runways/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.120.6.247 (talk) 15:39, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
I have two problems with the description on this page.

1) "Environmentalists do not want the airport to expand, and environmentalists happen to have a very strong political voice in Southern California."

First of all, this is both a POV statement, as well as being incorrect. The biggest reason for the lawsuit(s?) the airport lost that halted airport expansion is that the landings and especially the takeoffs for the airport go over some well-off communities with very active homeowner associations.

2) "FedEx and UPS maintain extensive operations out of LGB."

Calling two flights a day for each company I doubt qualifies as "extensive".

I'll probably wait a few days to see if I get any comments before I do any changes to this webpage. gK 19:35, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * 10 months later and the article still says "extensive" which I agree it isn't, so I removed the word. Also added ABX Air while I was at it. Hawaiian717 05:35, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Image
I took the photo of the airport. Thanks to whoever found it and put it up. I have a much larger version of that photo. What should I do to get it to this page? Ms ArtGeek 04:43, 29 January 2006 (UTC)Ms_ArtGeek

 * You can either upload the larger image as a new image using the "Upload file" link, or you can go to the Image:Long Beach Airport.jpg page and replace that photo with the larger version by clicking on the Upload a new version of this file link. If you do the first method, you will have to edit the Long Beach Municipal Airport article and change to the new file name. If you use the second method, you won't have to do anything else. Blank Verse 08:53, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

I tried uploading the image to replace the old one, and it did something weird, came out jaggy and was a humongous blot on the main article page. I reverted and uploaded without replacing the new one. But it would be great if someone clicked on the small one in the article that it went to the large sized one I just put up now. If there's another (smaller) size that's more helpful I can upload another size. Ms ArtGeek 06:41, 30 January 2006 (UTC)Ms_ArtGeek

History
Can someone give a history of American Airlines at Long Beach Airport (lawsuit vs Jet Blue) and why they stopped flying there? Jlaforteza 06:21, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Hello, I am an employee of Long Beach Airport and (over time) would like to contribute to the history section as well as potentially dedicate a space to women in aviation. LindseyPhillips (talk) 19:20, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Photo
There are no good photos showing the building as an example of Streamline Moderne architecture. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 06:28, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Personal Essay Banner
After reading this page multiple times, I don't find any evidence that it is written like a personal essay. I will remove this banner in 2 weeks unless anyone objects or provides evidence that it is written like a personal essay. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Xgunther (talk • contribs) 00:43, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Section on crash
There is a new section on a recent crash at the airport. While it was tragic and has sources, I don't believe it should be in the article per WP:NOTNEWS. I thought I would discuss it here first. Thoughts? Alanraywiki (talk) 22:44, 19 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Most airports include an incidents/accidents section. It is a note worthy accident, and should be left there. T ofutwitch11  (T ALK ) 01:20, 20 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Also note WikiProject Airports/page content, which indicates that fatal accidents can be included. -- Hawaiian717 (talk) 04:24, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Long Beach Airport


text: Category:Mark Twain

title: Category:Mark Twain


text:
Oscar Bressane

Oscar Bressane is a municipality (município) in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 2,603 (2020 est.) in an area of 222 sqkm. Its elevation is 461 m.

History
The municipality was created by state law in 1948.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Oscar Bressane


text:
Osvaldo Cruz, São Paulo

Osvaldo Cruz is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The population is 33,000 (2020 est.) in an area of 248 km². The elevation is 485 m.

History
It was founded in 1941 by Max Wirth, a Swiss citizen who immigrated to Brazil searching for new agricultural lands. First named "Nova Califórnia" the small village was created on Guataporanga Farm.

The municipality was created by state law in 1944.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

title: Osvaldo Cruz, São Paulo


text:
List of straight-chain alkanes

The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms.

title: List of straight-chain alkanes


text:
Goat locker

In Navy jargon, the goat locker is a lounge, sleeping area, and galley on board a naval vessel which is reserved for the exclusive use of chief petty officers. By tradition, all other personnel, including officers and even the commanding officer, must request permission to enter the goat locker.

Etymology
The term goat locker takes its origins from wooden ship sailing times, when goats were kept aboard ship. The goat was used for its ability to consume nearly all forms of refuse, and produce milk for the crew. The quarters for the goat were traditionally in the Chief Petty Officer mess, which inherited the moniker "goat locker". In modern times, "goat locker" represents any gathering place, on- or off-ship, where Chief Petty Officers hold private functions.

Special dinnerware
The United States Navy, in respect for the position of Chief Petty Officers, formerly provided dinnerware made specifically for the goat locker.

The special insignia (topmark) used on this china to denote the Chief Petty Officer's Mess were the letters "USN" beneath the US Navy's "Fouled, Fluked, and Stocked Anchor".

Official china was produced for the US Navy by manufacturers such as Tepco, Shenango, Buffalo, Sterling and Homer Laughlin from the early 1930s through World War II, and was used until the 1960s when inventories were consumed. This Navy china made for the Chief Petty Officer's "Goat Locker" is rare, as it is typically kept as an heirloom passed down through generations.

title: Goat locker


text:
Kennedy (commentator)

Lisa Kennedy Montgomery (born September 8, 1972), referred to mononymously as Kennedy, is an American libertarian political commentator, radio personality, author, and former MTV VJ. She is a commentator on Fox News Channel, a primary guest host of Fox's Outnumbered and The Five, host of the podcast Kennedy Saves The World on Fox News Radio and a columnist for The Daily Mail. Kennedy was the host of MTV's now-defunct daily late-night alternative-rock program Alternative Nation throughout much of the 1990s. She hosted Kennedy on the Fox Business Network from 2015 to 2023.

Early life
Lisa Kennedy Montgomery was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and raised in Lake Oswego, Oregon, a wealthy suburb of Portland. Kennedy and her two brothers were raised by her mother. She is of Romanian and Scottish descent. She attended Lakeridge High School. She attended Santa Monica College before transferring to the University of California, Los Angeles on an academic scholarship; she later completed a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 2005.

Kennedy interned as a DJ at KROQ radio in Los Angeles as a teenager. She was known on KROQ as "the Virgin Kennedy".

Career
Kennedy began her career as a VJ on MTV in 1992. She hosted Alternative Nation from 1992 to 1997. By 1995, she had become such a recognizable cultural figure that the sitcom Murphy Brown introduced a new character named McGovern, modeled after her.

In 1999, Kennedy published her book ''Hey Ladies! Tales and Tips for Curious Girls'', in which she incorporated a multitude of personal experiences. That same year, she moved to Seattle to host The Buzz on KQBZ radio; the show was a mix of news, local issues, and comedy. Montgomery left Seattle in 2001 to cohost a morning radio show with Ahmet Zappa on the Comedy World Radio Network, The Future with Ahmet & Kennedy, a similar mix of current events and comedy. She later co-hosted a morning show with Malibu Dan, The Big House.

Beginning June 3, 2002, Kennedy hosted Game Show Network's Friend or Foe?, which ran for two seasons. On April 1, 2003, she guest-hosted the GSN show WinTuition as part of GSN's April Fools prank where hosts swap places, while the original hosts usually appear as cameos, and play as contestants in Lingo for charity. She also hosted GSN's Who Wants to Be Governor of California?, a televised debate among fringe candidates in the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election, such as actors Gary Coleman and Mary Carey.

Beginning September 23, 2005, Kennedy appeared as an occasional panelist on VH1's Best Week Ever and MSNBC's Scarborough Country. In October 2005, she became host of Fox Reality's Reality Remix until that series ended in June 2008.

In December 2007, she guest-hosted the evening show several times on Los Angeles talk-radio station KFI, before being hired by the station for a regular Sunday-afternoon show. In April 2008, she joined Bryan Suits as cohost of the Kennedy & Suits Show at that station through September 30, 2009. She hosted Music in the Mornings on KYSR in Los Angeles from 2009 until March 2014.

On January 18, 2011, she began appearing as Anthony Sullivan's assistant on PitchMen, looking for new inventions to promote in infomercials.

Kennedy joined Fox Business Network as a contributor in 2012. She co-hosted The Independents, a current-events and political discussion show, from its debut on December 9, 2013. The show was cancelled in January 2015, but she continued as host of her own program, Kennedy. Kennedy was put on hiatus March 13, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On October 19, 2020, the program ended its seven-month hiatus. On May 31, 2023, Fox Business announced that it would be ending Kennedy after 8 years. She continues to serve as a regular guest/host on Fox News.

Following the cancellation of Kennedy on FBN, Kennedy announced that her podcast Kennedy Saves The World would be putting out episodes Monday-Friday at 7 p.m. EST beginning on June 26, 2023.

She is also a contributor to Reason.com and Reason.tv, and occasionally serves as guest host for Bill Carroll, John and Ken, and Tim Conway Jr. on KFI. She was a correspondent on the Fox Business talk show Stossel, and made occasional appearances as a panelist and guest host on Fox News' Red Eye. She makes appearances on other Fox talk shows, such as Outnumbered, The Five, and Gutfeld!.

Kennedy served as a regular host of Fox News Saturday Night from June 2023 through January 2024.

Politics

Kennedy is registered as unaffiliated. She is a supporter of same-sex marriage, and officiated at the wedding of fellow Fox contributor Guy Benson to husband Adam Wise. She also supports privatization of Social Security. She opposes the "war on drugs" and bureaucratic regulation. She is critical of neoconservatism.

Kennedy described herself as an "ardent Republican" in 1994. At MTV's 1993 Rock 'n' Roll Inaugural Ball for Bill Clinton, she chanted, "Nixon now! Nixon now!" whenever the Clintons went on stage. Along with being a fan of Richard Nixon, she supported Dan Quayle and Bob Dole. She was a speaker at the 1996 Republican National Convention.

She later abandoned social conservatism, saying, "Social conservatism was really bringing me down, and I realized, as time went on, that I wasn't a Bush conservative. I was really a libertarian." She was first introduced to libertarianism when Kurt Loder suggested she read Ayn Rand's Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology. She actively supported Gary Johnson in both the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections.

In March 2012, Reason published an article by Kennedy saying atheism is a religion on par with theistic religions.

Personal life
Kennedy is divorced from former professional snowboarder Dave Lee; the couple has two daughters.

Kennedy dated frontman and guitarist John Rzeznik from the band Goo Goo Dolls. The song "Name" was written about her.

She has the Romanian flag tattooed on her left ankle, and a pink Republican elephant tattooed on her upper left thigh.

In September 2012, during an appearance on Red Eye, Kennedy said she had been diagnosed with celiac disease, leading her to change to a more meat-based diet.

Kennedy is a triathlete.

Excerpts from Kennedy's segment on Fox were featured in the "Now this" segment of the 13th episode of season 11 of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver.

title: Kennedy (commentator)


text:
Ourinhos

Ourinhos is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 114,352 (2020 est.) in an area of 295.82 km². The elevation is 483 m.

The municipality of Ourinhos was created in 1919 by separating it from Salto Grande. One version of its etymology is that the name "Ourinhos" (small gold pebbles) is a reference to the old city of Ourinho, on the other side of the Paranapanema river, which today is Jacarezinho, in Paraná state. Today, the city is formed by the town of Ourinhos, which is the only district headquarters, also subdivided into about 120 neighborhoods. It is also one of the main cities in São Paulo state's SW region, having trade and services as its main economic activities. In agriculture, sugar cane, soy, and corn (maize) are the main crops.

The city also has an important cultural tradition that goes from arts and crafts to theater, music and sports. The city also stands out in its promotion of cultural and economic events and fairs often organized by the city hall and with the help of local companies. The major one is the Ourinhos Agricultural and Industrial Fair (FAPI), which is held annually in June and is considered one of the largest events of this nature in Brazil.

The city is served by Jornalista Benedito Pimentel State Airport.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Ourinhos


text:
Predrag Koraksić Corax

Predrag Koraksić Corax (Предраг Кораксић Коракс; born 15 June 1933) is a Serbian political caricaturist.

Name signature
He writes his signature Corax using Latin characters and spelling.

Biography
Koraksić was born on 15 June 1933 in Gornja Gorevnica, near Čačak. His parents are Stojan and Zorka (née Borić), who were teachers. His father, who was also one of the Partisan Movement leaders, was killed during the World War II by Chetniks in 1941. Corax spent four years as a refugee.

After the war Corax graduated from the grammar school in Zemun and studied architecture in Belgrade, but dropped out in his third year of studies. Corax started his professional cartoonist career in 1950 in newspaper Jež. Afterwards, Corax worked for Večernje novosti, from which he was expelled after the court process in 1993.

Since 1989, Corax worked for the independent newspaper Borba, but moved to Danas, where he still works, when Borba was taken over by the Serbian government. From 1990 until 2005 he was working for magazine Vreme, where he was a member of the editorial board.

Cartoons
Corax's cartoons are humorous accounts of contemporary, mostly Serbian, political events. He rarely uses any written text in his cartoons, but relies on caricatures of politicians for the message be self-explanatory. His strips are currently being published frequently by Serbian newspaper Danas.

He is a prominent cartoonist in Serbia, as his cartoons are published in well known publications and his style is easily recognized. He also published several books, among which are: the "Past Continuous Tense" ("Trajno prošlo vreme") and the "Phenomenon of Rusty Spoon" ("Fenomenologija zarđale kašike"), covering political life in Serbia from 1990 to 2016 in caricatures form. For his works he said that throughout his career: "(he) took care that the caricature should not offend anyone, not to be excessive, not to insult, but to be ridicule, irony, that a person laughs". Commenting on inspiration for making cartoons about politicians, he said: "I've been always driven mad by arrogance, which is actually a dominant characteristic of those people, ruthlessness, lies, deceit... and especially nationalism."

Throughout career, his sarcastic cartoons about politicians have made a bunch of high-ranking officials of Serbia offended, that they even publicly criticized his work (in pretty negative way). Among them, most notable are at the time of Presidents of Yugoslavia Dobrica Ćosić, Slobodan Milošević and Vojislav Koštunica, and in recent years President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić. From time to time, political leaders have also tried to obstruct his work following the provocative cartoons aimed at them, by replacing main editors in newspapers where he works or by cancelling his art exhibitions in public libraries without proper explanation.

Awards
In October 2004, he was rewarded French Légion d'honneur. In December 2017, he was awarded with "Dobar primer Novog Optimizma" award.

Personal life
Koraksić is married to Branislava (née Galić), with whom he has two children - Tatjana and Uroš.

title: Predrag Koraksić Corax


text:
Ouro Verde, São Paulo

Ouro Verde (Portuguese for "green gold") is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 8,620 (2020 est.) in an area of 267 km². The elevation is 350m.

The municipality contains part of the 7720 ha Rio do Peixe State Park, created in 2002.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Religion
Christianity is present in the city as follows:

Catholic Church
The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

Protestant Church
The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

title: Ouro Verde, São Paulo


text:
Ouroeste

Ouroeste is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is located at an altitude of 500 meters. The city has a population of 10,539 inhabitants and an area of 288.8 km².

Ouroeste belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto and the Microregion of Fernandópolis.

History
Ouroeste has this name because its lands are fertile and are located in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo. It was founded on January 27, 1952 by João Velloso, owner of Fazenda Velloso, then located in the municipality of Guarani D'Oeste. In 1990, it was elevated to the district of Guarani D'Oeste. It became autonomous municipality on December 27, 1995.

Mayors
Nelson Pinhel was the first mayor and vice-mayor Sebastião Geraldo da Silva in the mandate from 1997 to 2000. The second mayor elected was Edivaldo Fraga da Silva and deputy mayor Nelcides de Oliveira Rodrigues in the mandate from 2001 to 2004. The third mayor Nelson Pinhel and deputy mayor Sebastião Geraldo da Silva in the mandate from 2005 to 2008. The fourth mayor Nelson Pinhel and deputy mayor Sebastião Geraldo da Silva in the mandate from 2009 to 2012. The fifth mayor Sebastião Geraldo da Silva and deputy mayor Gilmar Manchi Lopes in the mandate from 2013 to 2016

City
Considered the most sustainable city in the great interior of São Paulo, with a very high index of life, compared to the city of Paulínia, city of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, which has the highest HDI of the state, in the city of Ouroeste this index has evolved in recent years due to the installation of a multinational in the region.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Ouroeste


text:
Talk:Menzies Campbell

Privy Councillor and job title
Can anyone tell me why he has the "Right Honourable" prefix before his name? He's a member of the Privy Council then? I thought that was only for people who had been a member of the Cabinet.

If he is the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats why isn't he the SHadow Deputy Prime Minister as well.

 * In answer to these questions, I can tell you first that the term "Right Honourable" is indeed preserved for members of the Privy Council; however membership of that body is not solely conferred on cabinet members. If you wish to discover how Sir Menzies came to be a member of that body, however, I'd ask you to look farther afield, as I've not the inclination to go beyond a quick google. As regards the title "Shadow Deputy Prime Minister", I suspect that there is no such post, as DPM is pretty much an honorary title, associated with no department. He is instead shadow minister for the department for which he holds portfolio.

 * To clarify, there is no such post as Shadow DPM, the post is "Office of the DMP". Campbell is not a member of the official opposition, so he could not be referred to as Shadow anyway, just as the Home Affairs spokesman for the LD's could not be called Shadow Home Secretary.

 * Yes, the official opposition is the Conservative party.

 * To further clarify, although the LDs are not the "official" opposition, since the party decided to operate a Shadow Cabinet all members appointed to that office have been allowed the term "Shadow". There is a Shadow Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, currently occupied by Sarah Teather MP. See http://www.parliament.uk/directories/hciolists/libdems.cfm. Campbell is listed as "Deputy Leader and Shadow Foreign Secretary".

In answer to the question above, he is a Privy Councillor because the Prime Minister as a gesture to his standing in the House advised the Queen to make him one. Adam 06:24, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

The Right Honourable (as used in Wikipedia)
He is a member of the Privy Council. However a fairly new policy detailed at Manual of Style (biographies) states that we don't use The Right Honourable at the start of the article. It is quite correct to leave it in the picture caption, and the article mentions that he is a member of the Privy Council later in the text too. JRawle 17:12, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, but in that case shouldn't PC be added after his name? (One does not, of course, use both "Rt Hon" and "PC" – see discussion ad nauseam at Ian Paisley among others – but if the one is being excluded, the other ought to be included.) Vilcxjo 22:22, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No, because PC is only used for peers (who are already entitled to The Rt Hon anyway). I did try to argue at one stage that the prefix should be retained for privy counsellors, but that wasn't what people finally ageed on. So the mention of the privy council in the article, and Rt Hon in the caption will have to suffice. JRawle 00:36, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Knighthood
Would it be incorrect to insert the "Kt." postnominal in his styles and titles? After being ennobled it seems that there is no indication of his knighthood since he is a Knight Bachelor rather than a member of one of the orders. NDomer09 (talk) 17:22, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Is he still officially Deputy Leader?
The introduction is unclear as to whether Ming is currently formally the Deputy Leader acting as leader whilst the post of Leader is vacant or somehow has been automatically become Leader. If he doesn't win the leadership election will he still be Deputy Leader or would there have to be a fresh official election (of MPs if I remember correctly) even if just to reappoint him? Timrollpickering 03:31, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I would say that he is no longer deputy leader, as when the contest is over he will have to be officially re-appointed to the post (if he is not leader). Does anybody know the official stance on this, as if he is not DL any more, this needs to be removed from the front page. Mikeroberts 11:12, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Strictly, there is no position of Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats. The position is Deputy Leader of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons.  Equally strictly, following the resignation of Charles Kennedy as Leader of the Liberal Democrats (and therefore ex-officio Leader of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons) Ming is now acting as Leader of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons.  The distinction between the Federal Party - "the Liberal Democrats" - and the Parliamentary Party in the House of Commons is often blurred in ordinary language, but the absolutely strict usage is that only an elected Leader is an officer of both bodies ex-officio and so officers of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons should be qualified in some way.  Perhaps the strictest terminology would be "Deputy Leader of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons and acting leader thereof" but that's unbelievably cumbersome.  Still, the point is that the Federal Party doesn't have a Deputy Leader or an acting leader.  For instance, Ming doesn't get a seat on the Federal Executive or the Federal Policy Committee as acting leader; the Leader's seat is vacant. OTOH, he does get to ask questions in Prime Minister's Question Time, as that's a prerogative of the Leader of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons.  Unless elected leader, he would (be entitled to) continue as Deputy Leader as far as I know, though you'd need to see the Standing Orders of the Parliamentary Party of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons to be sure.--Po8crg 02:32, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Federal party? Federal Executive? Federal Policy Committee? When did the UK become a federation? Adam 02:47, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the party is federal. Markyour words 09:57, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * That's right, the Liberal Democrats are a Federal Party, comprising three State Parties: The Liberal Democrats in England, Scottish Liberal Democrats and Democratiad Rhyffrydol Cymru. --Po8crg 20:13, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

I suppose the Lib Dems can use whatever terminology they like, but England, Scotland and Wales are not "states" of a federation. Scotland and Wales are devolved regions, while England in a constitutional sense doesn't exist. Adam 01:41, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The point is that the party, in its internal structures, is a federation. --Po8crg 09:07, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

His name and style
A question of my own: I know little enough Scots, so wouldn't dream of asserting that the IPA transcription of his name is incorrect, but can someone please confirm that it is indeed [mɪŋɪs] rather than [mɪŋgɪs]? Ta.

 * Yes. ;) Mark1 17:31, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

No doubt ""Menzies" is correctly pronounced mingis (IPA: /ˈmɪŋɪs/ or /ˈmɪŋgɪs/)." But is that how HE pronounces it? I note that the BBC pronounces it Men-zeez.

 * I've never been so unfortunate as to have heard someone on the BBC pronouncing it Men-zeez, though I don't doubt that it might have happened.  Nine times out of ten they just call him Ming, and occasionally Mingis.  Mark1 10:21, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Maybe the World Service doesn't have such high standards. I am glad to have the matter clarified. In Australia of course the pronunciation Men-zeez is standard, although Sir Robert Menzies enjoyed being called Ming the Merciless. Adam 10:38, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Where on earth does the name come from? The poor guy. I always pronounched it Men-zeez until recently, and when I was told it was Mingis I thought it was a joke. :D

 * It is an old language thing - I can't recall the details. Historically the 'z' isn't a z but stands in for a letter that makes a 'yi' sound. It is also found in Culzean and Dalziel (as in Dalziel and Pascoe) and Lenzie (although no-one pronounces it in Lenzie). I'll try to find a link to the proper linguistic stuff later. --Doc ask? 20:52, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yogh not Yoghurt MeltBanana  20:58, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

So how should Dalziel and Lenzie be pronounced? British names are a nightmare for the rest of the world. Adam 05:09, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Actually, the 'z' is sort of silent or a 'yi' sound in some proper names (e.g. Culzean = 'Cul-ain', Dalziel = 'Dee-el', Menzies = 'Ming-is'). see. Actually, this is very rare (I can't think of any other cases beyond there three) - and since it is only in a very few names, most Scots either just remember those names, or get it wrong. --Doc ask? 11:24, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Lenzie is technically another of these z's, but everyone (including residents) simply pronounces it as it sounds. --Doc ask? 11:25, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Menzies is his middle name; he will have been called by it if a member of his family, likely his father, shared his first name. It must have just stuck. It is 'ming-is', shortened by all to 'ming'. It definitely, definitely is not 'men-sees'.--Zhengfu 18:39, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Does anybody have a reference to back up his first name being Walter? I've found one link,, but this interview seems to contradict the fact .--Matsho 10:27, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Do a Google search for "walter menzies campbell" - there are pages of links (Hansard votes in Parliament, a list of members of the Privy Council, The Telegraph and the BBC and even the London Gazette reporting the New Years Honours list, lists of election candidates and results, etc. etc.) -- ALoan (Talk) 11:57, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

See [] for info on pronunciation. Sbz5809 13:39, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * As noted in the comment in the intro (from someone else), he calls himself "Ming Campbell" on his website, and the press commonly refer to him as "Ming". So he uses it and the press uses it, so I put it as "commonly known as." I saw First Post refer to his danger to the Tories as "the Ming Sting" just now, for example. What do his friends and close associates call him? - David Gerard 23:17, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Ming the Merciless
See [] this, from the Sunday Times. First words: 'Dubbed "Ming the Merciless" by cartoonists'. Sbz5809 13:30, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Also see Steve Bell, BBC News and in their newspaper roundup , Daily Record. Remains to be seen if this is a flash in the pan nickname, or if it catches on and sticks with him. Average Earthman 11:19, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

I presume it is ironic, since he seems in fact to be a nice old boy. Bob Menzies really was Ming the Merciless. Adam 11:46, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * One of the great tragedies for recent British cartoonists has been that this rather obvious joke is so totally at odds with his character.  But all their prayers were answered when he assassinated Kennedy. Mark1 12:58, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, our Ming is a redirect to Ming Dynasty. I can't help thinking that we ought to have a disambiguation page for this Ming, Ming the Merciless and any other mings we can think of (minger?). -- ALoan (Talk) 12:08, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Btw - I have added a wodge of BBC reports which act as references for many of the facts mentioned in our article. Someone knowledgeable could add <ref> or ref/fn thingies... -- ALoan (Talk) 12:24, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * A lively young damsel named Menzies
 * Inquired: "Do you know what this thenzies?"
 * Her aunt, with a gasp,
 * Replied: "It's a wasp,
 * And you're holding the end where the stenzies."

Adam 11:10, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

oops - sorry for cocking up the date of the election, thanks to whomever fixed it :D james gibbon  15:08, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

STV, IRV, AV, etc.
Instant-Runoff Voting is a term used principally in the United States. I think it's obvious that this article is and should be written in British English. The IRV article itself says that it's usually called Alternative Vote in the UK. Obviously, the link could read Alternative Vote but I prefer calling it Single Transferable Vote for the following reasions: Richard Gadsden 06:44, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Single Transferable Vote for a single-winner election and IRV/AV are the same system.
 * The Liberal Democrats officially referred to the election as STV, not AV.
 * The vast majority of media references that mentioned the system called it STV.
 * The same is true of internet references during the election, for instance, look through the archives of the blogs on http://www.libdemblogs.co.uk/
 * The Liberal Democrats conduct all internal elections, both multi-winner and single-winner by STV, so this is a case where it really was a single-winner STV election, not an AV election.
 * Agree. The section of the Liberal Democrat Constitution covering the leader's election says 'Any election rules must provide for elections to be by STV and secret ballot'. Mpntod 07:03, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

CBE or KBE?
Menzies Campbell is a Knight Bachelor, which is not the same as a Kinght Commander of the British Empire. See []. All the web references are to Sir Menzies Campbell CBE, not KBE.

Beliefs???
This article makes no mention of his political beliefs whatsoever. Is he part of the social-liberal or economic-liberal wing of the party? Or neither? Presumably, this deficiency is due to a lack of information on the subject... 195.195.166.31 21:40, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Ok, I've made an attempt at a section on Ming's beliefs, based on the speeches and comment pieces I linked to. What do people think? The "moderate social liberal" summary seems appropriate to me: he's clearly no radical free marketeer, and spends a lot of time talking about poverty and inequality; but "social liberal" alone fails to distinguish him adequately from someone like Simon Hughes, who fought the leadership election on a platform clearly to the left of Ming and Chris Huhne. - Modernway, 14:50, 3 August 2006

I've made some changes to the previous edit to the beliefs section: "moderate social liberal" is still more appropriate then "strong social liberal" (see above); I don't understand what the difference between "correcting" and "preventing" a market failure is, but economists use the former term; and there's no need to link to European Union and United Nations twice in the same paragraph. Hope none of that's too controversial! - Modernway, 18:51, 22 August 2006

Is beliefs the right heading here? Wouldn't "political views" or "political positions" be a more accurate reflection of the topic? QuakerActivist (talk) 12:22, 8 September 2016 (UTC)

 * away from goods [...] and towards bads

 * Are you sure using grammatically plural adjectives is even English? Nuttyskin (talk) 21:51, 19 June 2018 (UTC)

Military service?
Did Menzies Cambell serve in any branch of the British armed forces? In what capacity?--TGC55 21:29, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I have just emailed his office to ask them, you made me curious about it. Hopefully they will get back to me:)Merkinsmum 10:04, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * They said: "Sir Menzies was enrolled at university by the time National Service ended in this country on the 31st December 1960, and as a result he was not conscripted into the armed forces."Merkinsmum 14:08, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Khatami degree

 * His decision to award a honorary doctorate of law to former President Khatami of Iran sparked widespread critique.

How exactly was it Ming's decision? Surely this would have been a decision by whichever body in the University of St Andrews nominates people for honourary degrees, rather than the Chancellor directly exercising power? Timrollpickering 04:15, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes indeed. In fact, Ming eventually didn't even confer the degree on Khatami - last minute changes left it down to the Vice Chancellor, Brian Lang, who was certainly the figure in the spotlight when defending the decision.Rlfb 19:39, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Inline citations
I've gone through and replaced all the lightblue links with inline citations. The article looks alot neater now. JameiLei 23:39, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Return to practice as advocate in January 2008
The lasrt editor deleted the refernce to the fact that Ming returned to practice in a men-only set of advocates as being POV. This is, however, a fact which can be verified from the link provided. The Faculty of Advocates website will further confirm that the group in question is unique in Scotland as being men-only; all other stables or chambers have substantial numbers of women. A fact, even if uncomfortable, is not POV, although comment on that fact might well be! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.130.13.113 (talk) 18:18, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The Faculty of Advocates list of stables (chambers) shows the membership of every chambers/stable in Scotland. These vouch the statement that Campbell’s chambers is men-only and that this is unique in the Scottish bar, as all others have a number of women members. 217.28.34.132 (talk) 15:24, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

OK, but I amended the link to a specific page about Terra Firma, which retains the links to other chambers. Viewfinder (talk) 14:15, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Style
Should his title be suffixed also by MP? I can think of no reason to preclude it... Hypnoticmonkey (talk) 13:26, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Assessment
I've changed the assessment of this article from "Start" to "C"; and I think it is very close to "B". I think most sections could be expanded, but other than that it's looking good. --h2g2bob (talk) 18:15, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
We give /ˈmɪŋɨs/, but according to the Menzies page, "The name is correctly pronounced [ˈmɪŋɪz]". Should it be /s/ or /z/? Lfh (talk) 11:34, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Date of Ennoblement
There appears to be some confusion about when he is to be ennobled. Parliament.uk says he "joined the Lords" on 13 October but he is not actually being introduced until 5 November. Generally the Letters Patent are dated the same day or the day before. So I am not convinced that the Queen has actually made him a baron yet... Mark Hamid (talk) 16:36, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I have been advised means that "joined the Lords" means that the Letters Patent have been signed by HM The Queen so he is now a peer although not introduced yet. Mark Hamid (talk) 08:40, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Menzies Campbell


text:
Barry Sadler

Barry Allen Sadler (November 1, 1940 – November 5, 1989) was an American soldier, singer-songwriter and author. Sadler served as a Green Beret medic, achieving the rank of Staff Sergeant. He served in the Vietnam War from late December 1964 to late May 1965. Most of his work has a military theme, and he is best known for his patriotic "Ballad of the Green Berets," a #1 hit in 1966. He died at age 49 after being shot in the head in Guatemala City.

Early life
Sadler was born in Carlsbad, New Mexico, the second son of John Sadler and Bebe Littlefield of Phoenix, Arizona. According to Sadler's autobiography, I'm A Lucky One, his father developed a successful plumbing and electrical business in Carlsbad and owned several farms in the area. He describes his mother as managing restaurants and bars, and at times, games in casinos.

The family relocated often. His parents divorced when Sadler was five, and his father died not long after at age 36 from a rare form of nervous system cancer. His mother moved her family around as she worked at temporary jobs in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.

Enlistment
Sadler dropped out of high school in the tenth grade in Leadville, Colorado. In 1958, at 17, he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force. He finished his General Educational Development certificate while in the Air Force. He trained as a radar technician in 1958 and was stationed in Japan. After his discharge in 1961, Sadler enlisted in the U.S. Army, and volunteered for Airborne and Special Forces, opting to be a medic.

Wounded in action
When he completed Airborne training, he underwent the lengthy training as a combat medic at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In May 1965, while he was on a combat patrol southeast of Pleiku in the Central Highlands, he was severely wounded in the knee by a feces-covered punji stick. Sadler dressed the wound with a cotton swab and an adhesive bandage, then completed the patrol; however, he subsequently developed a serious infection in his leg, and was evacuated to Clark Air Base Hospital in The Philippines. Doctors were forced to surgically enlarge the wound to drain it and to administer large doses of penicillin. Sadler returned to Fort Bragg where he made a complete recovery.

The Ballad of the Green Berets
Sadler recorded his famous song, "The Ballad of the Green Berets", a patriotic tune about the Special Forces, in December 1965. The writer Robin Moore, author of the novel The Green Berets, which became a 1968 movie, The Green Berets, featuring John Wayne, helped Sadler with lyrics and with getting a recording contract with RCA Victor Records. "The Ballad of the Green Berets" arranged as a choral version by Ken Darby was the title song of the movie. Moore also wrote an introduction to Sadler's autobiography, I'm A Lucky One, which he dictated to Tom Mahoney and was published by Macmillan Company in 1967. "The Ballad of the Green Berets" was released by RCA Victor Records in January 1966, and became a fast-selling single, holding No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five consecutive weeks from March 5 to April 2, 1966. The record sold more than nine million copies. The song was a great success in many U.S. cities; it scored five weeks at No. 1 on the weekly Good Guys music survey at WMCA, the top popular music radio station in New York during 1966. He sang it for his television debut on January 30 on The Ed Sullivan Show. Sadler had recorded an album of similarly themed songs which he titled Ballads of the Green Berets. It sold a million copies during the first five weeks of its release. Sadler had a minor success, the similarly patriotic-themed "The 'A' Team", later the same year when that single scored #28.

Awards and decorations
According to the ribbons and badges worn by Sadler in a televised performance of "The Ballad of the Green Berets," he received the following awards for his military service: Purple Heart Medal, Army Good Conduct Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Air Force Longevity Service Award, Combat Infantryman Badge, Parachutist Badge, and the South Vietnamese Parachutist Badge.

The ribbons shown in Sadler's television performance mentioned above did not represent all of Sadler's awards. Sadler was also entitled to the National Defense Service Medal and the Vietnam Campaign Medal. He had the option of replacing the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal with the Vietnam Service Medal. He is also seen in photographs in uniform wearing an Air Force Good Conduct Medal ribbon from his pre-Army service in the USAF.

Literary works
Sadler was unable to score anything close to a major success with his other songs, though "The A-Team" was a Top 30 Billboard chart single during 1966. He was honorably discharged from the Army in May 1967, and moved with his family to Tucson, Arizona. After minor acting parts in four episodes of two TV western series, Death Valley Days and The High Chaparral, and in the 1968 caper film Dayton's Devils starring Rory Calhoun, he moved to Nashville and began writing pulp fiction novels. His popular Casca series is about the title character, Casca Rufio Longinius (a combination of Longinus and the Wandering Jew), supposedly the Roman soldier who thrust his lance into Christ's side during the crucifixion. Casca is cursed to remain a soldier until the Second Coming. The novels feature Casca's life from biblical times to the 20th century. Sadler wrote the first twenty-two books. After his death, the series was continued with books by other authors.

 * List of works in the Casca novel series

Death of Lee Emerson Bellamy
On December 1, 1978, at about 11 p.m., Sadler killed a country music songwriter named Lee Emerson Bellamy with one gunshot to the head. The shooting was the culmination of a month-long dispute the men had concerning Darlene Sharpe, who was Bellamy's former girlfriend, and Sadler's lover at the time. Bellamy made many harassing telephone calls to Sadler and Sharpe, had one violent confrontation in a Nashville bar's parking lot, and threatened both their lives.

On the night in question, Bellamy made several threatening telephone calls, including one to the Natchez Trace Restaurant where Sadler and Sharpe were having dinner and drinks with two friends. This resulted in Sadler asking a bartender to telephone the police, who never responded. Bellamy later went to Sharpe's apartment complex and knocked on the door. Sadler exited through a side door. On seeing Sadler, Bellamy fled to his van. It was at that time, Sadler testified, that he saw a flash of metal. Believing it to be a gun, he fired one shot. The bullet struck Bellamy right between the eyes, and he died several hours later in a Nashville hospital. It turned out that Bellamy was unarmed. According to court records, Sadler had then placed a handgun in Bellamy's van, presumably to strengthen his claim of self-defense. After a plea bargain, on June 1, 1979, Sadler was convicted of voluntary manslaughter for the death of Bellamy, and sentenced to from 4 to 5 years in prison. His legal team worked to lower the sentence, which a judge reduced to just 30 days in the county workhouse. He served 28 days. Sadler was sued for wrongful death by Bellamy's stepson, and was ordered to pay compensation of about $10,000.

Death
Sadler moved to Guatemala City in 1984. He continued to write and publish his Casca books and produced a never-released self-defense video. On September 7, 1988, he was shot in the head while sitting in a cab in Guatemala City. His manager, family, and friends believed it to be a robbery. Sadler was flown to the United States by friends in a private jet.

He underwent surgery at the Nashville Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital, and remained in a coma for about six weeks. After emerging from the coma, Sadler was a quadriplegic and had suffered significant brain damage. He was finally released in January 1989, but his family reported him missing. A dispute over who would be his legal guardian erupted between his wife and mother and resulted in a judge mandating a psychiatric evaluation. A few days later, he was found, in time to be present at a competency hearing.

After being moved to the Cleveland VA Hospital for specialized treatment, he was removed from the hospital by two former Green Berets and his mother, Blanche (Bebe) Sadler. After a contentious court battle waged by his wife and children, a court in Tennessee ruled that Sadler be put under the care of an independent guardian. He was moved to the VA Hospital in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in February 1989, but he never recovered from his injury. He died there of cardiac arrest on November 5, 1989, four days after his 49th birthday. Barry Sadler was survived by his wife, Lavona, a daughter, Brooke, and two sons, Thor and Baron. His son, Thor, served in the United States Army as a Military Intelligence Officer.

Awards and decorations
SSG Sadler's awards include:

title: Barry Sadler