text:
Talk:Canadian Grand Prix

2005 Alonso
"In 2005, World Drivers's Championship leader Fernando Alonso also came too close to this same wall, damaging his car and therefore having to retire."

Alonso didn't hit the Wall of Champions, it was some other wall around the circuit. 80.222.251.160 18:29, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

On the right hand side of the main page, along with the map, there is a field that says last race, which still says that the last race was held in 2006 and that the winner is Fernando Alonso. I looked around, but could not find the edit tab that allowed me to update these fields. Can anyone assist? Complexvanilla 20:52, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
 * There's no specific edit link for the infobox. You'll need to use the "edit this page" tab at the top of the page. Note that I would expect someone to update the infobox sometime within the next 24 hours, as part of the usual "post-Grand Prix updates". -- DH85868993 01:42, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

The "history" section starts in 1982, .. so we need more content there, back to the actual beginnings. Camcurwood 18:03, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Pushing the car across the finish...
I remember watching one of the races that I think was in the early 90's when the leader's car ran out of gas only a few tens of meters from the finish line. The driver got out to push the car, but collapsed. Does anyone know which race this was? It was pretty exciting. I seem to recall Ferrari was running one of their early paddle-shifting transmissions, and lost one during the race. Maury (talk) 11:55, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Circuit name
Circuit Ile Notre Dame is the same track as now they just changed the name
 * Indeed. But (imho) it's less consufing if both names are listed. DH85868993 (talk) 12:21, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Links in year by year section
Does anyone else feel that every driver/constructor/circuit in the year by year section should be linked, not just the first mention of each? Having some linked and some not, leading to some text in black and some text in blue, two colours randomly strewn all over the place, looks extremely messy. I feel that if everything was linked, making all the text the same colour the table would look much better and more aesthetically pleasing. Having some not linked doesn't provide any real benefit to the quality of the article, in fact I would say it hinders it as having to scroll to find the nearest link to to something, for example, looking at the 1982 row and wanting to read about the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, is just plain irritating. If no objections are raised in the next 24 hours I will make the change. The- (talk) 18:58, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I would like to see every row of the table linked, noting that (a) that would make this article consistent with most (all?) of the other "xxx Grand Prix" articles (e.g. French Grand Prix, British Grand Prix, Australian Grand Prix, etc) and (b) linking of every row in a table is specifically permitted/encouraged at WP:OVERLINK which says "In general, link only the first occurrence of an item. This is a rule of thumb that has many exceptions, including ... tables, in which each row should be able to stand on its own." DH85868993 (talk) 23:22, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, more than 24 hours has passed, I've received support, and no objections have been raised, so I've made the change. If anyone disagrees, please discuss here. The- (talk) 20:53, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

2009 Not Held row
This has now been added and then removed by the same user 6 times by my count in the current history listing. Clearly the edit summary "table does not begin with Not held row" is not a satisfactory explanation as to why the 2009 row should not be added, especially given that the 2010 race has now been confirmed on this year's calendar. Rather than insert the row and have it once again removed, can someone please explain why the 2009 row should not be added to the table now?Vulcan's Forge (talk) 03:32, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Not held is used to indicate gaps between races. 2010 race has yet to take place, that it will is not particularly relevant. No race has been held since 2008. When the 2010 race takes place, feel free to add said row. Have a look at the French Grand Prix for comparable example. --Falcadore (talk) 03:58, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * There was a discussion held and action decided upon, on this subject, but it was a while ago and finding it in the archives of WP:F1 is proving difficult. --Falcadore (talk) 04:17, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Here it is. DH85868993 (talk) 07:01, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The French Grand Prix is not a comparable example, because it is known at this time that there will not be a French Grand Prix this year; that is exactly why the known scheduling of the Canadian Grand Prix is relevant.  Barring serious incidents preventing the race, there will be one this year, so the length of the gap is already known; 2009.

 * That said - since this was discussed and a consensus was reached, I won't go against it (even though I don't agree with it). Thanks to DH85868993 for finding and posting the link to the discussion.Vulcan's Forge (talk) 03:17, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * And thank you for abiding by the consensus even though you don't agree with it. DH85868993 (talk) 08:48, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Hi, I'd like to re-open this discussion. I think that it is illogical to not show the 2009 not held on the page. I don't see how it's linked to the 2010 race. Why can't it be displayed ( Wiki id2  (talk)  00:04, 25 April 2010 (UTC))
 * The reason for not having a "Not held" row for 2009 in this article is that for consistency, we would also have to add "Not held" rows to all the other races that weren't held in 2009 (Argentine Grand Prix, Austrian Grand Prix, Dutch Grand Prix, etc, etc). And they'd all need to be updated every year. That just seems like a waste of time to me. Regarding how it is linked to the 2010 race: if the 2010 race isn't held for some reason, then we would need to update "2009 Not held" to "2009-2010 Not held"; if the "Not held" row isn't there, there's no extra work to do. DH85868993 (talk) 00:42, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Not helds are used to indicate gaps in a races history. At present no Canadian Grand Prix has been held since the 2008 race, there is no gap to indicate. When the 2010 race is run there will be a gap, but the race has yet to be run. Sometimes we just have to wait. Waiting can be painful, but we all have to wait for various things in our lives. One of the important things about adding information to Wikipedia is the information is added, once it occurs. It is against Wikipedia's aim to predect outcomes that have not yet occurred, this is covered for example in policy WP:CBALL.
 * If I may ask Wiki id2, what has changed since the previous two times this topic has been discussed? What is different that warrants changing the agreed consensus? --Falcadore (talk) 01:19, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Because only three people participated in teh debate. A little bit more will be good. I believe the reason we haven't added Not Held to the Dutch, French or US GP is because no contract is in place. But there is one for Canada 2010. And i believe that it should be there becaused the only time it was not held was for 2009. The others don't have a contract with FOM so we don't add it. ( Wiki id2  (talk)  18:16, 25 April 2010 (UTC))

 * That isn't actually a change, and it's also wrong. The original discussion featured User:DH85868993, User:Apterygial, User:Readro and User:Chubbennaitor. The second added User:Vulcan's Forge and me. With the third discussion you become the seventh edittor.
 * Is it really so hard to wait until this year's race is run? --Falcadore (talk) 23:43, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

 * And I'll add my name to this list. We already have a huge number of items that need ongoing updating, I'm really not keen on adding any more. Precedent is important and if we add the row now there are many weeks before the race is run in which overzealous editors can head off and start creating havoc elsewhere. Just wait for the race to be run this year.  Pyrop e  23:57, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

(outdent) I've publicised the reopened discussion at WT:F1. DH85868993 (talk) 23:24, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I can see where you're coming from Wiki id2, but given the implications across the whole project as pointed out by DH above I don't think we should add the 'not held' row until another race has occured. What would be the benefit of doing it? 4u1e (talk) 05:55, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The race wasn't held in 1745, but I'm not going to add a row for that. It should be used for gaps in history. When this year's race occurs, a gap will be created. Until then, there is no gap. Readro (talk) 11:45, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Exactly. When looking at the list, you can clearly see when the first and the last races were held, but it is not as easy to spot gaps between years in the middle of the list without the not held line. That's what it's for. John Anderson   (talk) 06:26, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

Missing fair use rationale for File:Kubica crash.jpg
File:Kubica crash.jpg, a non-free image, is used in this article but it does not have a Non-free use rationale for this article. I am also not certain whether it is acceptable to use the image both here and on 2007 Canadian Grand Prix (for which it does have a rationale). I have started a discussion about this at. Please comment there rather than here. Thryduulf (talk) 13:23, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Canadian Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100414094353/http://www.circuitgillesvilleneuve.ca/formula-1.html to http://www.circuitgillesvilleneuve.ca/formula-1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100414094353/http://www.circuitgillesvilleneuve.ca/formula-1.html to http://www.circuitgillesvilleneuve.ca/formula-1.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:51, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Grand Prix


text:
Stratton

Stratton may refer to:

People

 * Stratton (surname)

Australia

 * Stratton, Western Australia

Canada

 * Stratton, Ontario

England

 * Stratton, Cornwall
 * Stratton, Dorset
 * Stratton, Gloucestershire
 * Stratton-on-the-Fosse, Somerset
 * Stratton Hall, Suffolk
 * Stratton St Margaret, Wiltshire

United States

 * Stratton, California, original name of Cuyamaca, California; also the former name of Stratford, California
 * Stratton, Colorado
 * Stratton, Maine
 * Stratton (Centreville, Maryland)
 * Stratton, Nebraska
 * Stratton, Ohio
 * Stratton, Vermont, New England town
 * Stratton Mountain (Vermont), mountain in the town
 * Stratton Mountain Resort, ski area on the mountain
 * Stratton Mountain, Vermont, resort community at base of ski area
 * Stratton, Virginia
 * Stratton Lake, a lake in Minnesota

Other uses

 * Stratton (film), a 2017 British film
 * Stratton (crater), a lunar crater
 * Stratton (company), an English manufacturer of powder compacts and other cosmetics-related metal items.
 * Stratton (financial services), an Australian finance brokerage
 * USCGC Stratton (WMSL-752), a US Coast Guard cutter named for Dorothy C. Stratton
 * Danny Stratton, lead character in S.M.A.R.T. Chase, a 2017 British-Chinese film (unrelated to the film Stratton)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stratton


text: User talk:81.154.157.78

title: User talk:81.154.157.78


text:
Korean Friendship Association

The Korean Friendship Association (KFA, Asociación de Amistad con Corea; 조선과의 친선협회) is a Spain-based friendship association with North Korea. The KFA was established in November 2000. It operates in 120 countries and has an Official Delegate in 34 countries.

Its president, Spanish citizen Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez, is the only person paid a salary. Fees collected by the KFA are generally deposited in accounts in his name around Europe.

Activities
Compared with other North Korea friendship associations, the KFA has been described as more radical.

The KFA pages provide North Korean related material, including tourism tips and political essays, and it is possible to hear views from a North Korean perspective. The KFA Forum site is hosted and administered in Europe and gives links to Korean language teaching sites.

The KFA denies violations of human rights in North Korea and disputes the existence of North Korean concentration camps.

The stated objectives of the KFA are to promote the well-being of all members and to promote friendship between members of the KFA worldwide.

Objectives
The stated objectives of the KFA are:
 * Show the reality of North Korea to the world.
 * Defend the independence and socialist construction in North Korea.
 * Learn from the culture and history of the Korean People
 * Work for the peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula.

The KFA organizes travel delegations to North Korea. Travel is according to experts a primary motivation of membership in KFA: partakers in trips are offered privileged service.

Structure
The KFA is the largest friendship association with North Korea. It operates in 120 countries. There is an Official Delegate in 34 countries. The KFA is licensed by the North Korean government and is well-funded and supported. The organization is coordinated well "to a certain degree", according to NK News.

The national associations under the KFA do not receive official funding and operate "as far less than consulates, just slightly more than fan clubs". They do not have many functions to support the government of North Korea: they do not support the regime monetarily and do not gather intelligence.

Official Delegates are responsible for the activities in his/her country and secretaries appointed by the delegates. Above the Official Delegates, the "International Organization Committee" consisting of the President, the International Counselor and an International Organization Secretary who control and direct the activities of the KFA worldwide.
 * President: Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez
 * International organization secretary: Mana Sapmak
 * International communication secretary: Carlos Luna
 * International Self-Elected Secretariat: Cory Ray Pope Giles-d'Leeuw
 * International commissar: Trever Aritz
 * Some of the most active members are Dermot Hudson, the Official Delegate in the United Kingdom who has been a part of KFA since its beginning, and Trevor Spencer, the Official Delegate in Canada who is an active political writer and commentator.
 * Only one person has four countries as Zone delegate, Ulrich Larsen from Denmark. Larsen is the Zone delegate in Scandinavia, meaning that he is in charge of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Larsen is known for making films about North Korea on YouTube for propaganda use. In October 2020 it was unveiled that Larsen had been working undercover in the KFA for ten years to uncover the secret criminal activities that North Korea and Alejandro Cao de Benós are using the KFA for.
 * Both Hudson and Larsen had been awarded medals by the North Korean government.

Criticism
NK News describes the KFA as "one of the DPRK's primary tools of soft power within its global propaganda network".

In 2005 journalist David Scofield of Asia Times called members of KFA "useful idiots" and described the organization as follows:

"The group's activities include 'information' seminars where the enlightened benevolence of Kim's rule is championed, all part of its 'alternative' view of the North. The ragged wretched displays of poverty and starvation are edited out and the voice of North Koreans not in the direct employ of Kim Jong-il are conspicuously absent. In place of uncomfortable reality, the KFA offers vacation photos of 'their' North Korea taken during recent, state-supported visits, complete with bowling, golf, amusement parks and Karaoke with young female party members. Members write glowing pieces, oblations celebrating Kim Jong-il's wise rule. No starving people, torture, summary execution, penury or despair in the Korean Friendship Association's North Korea. Just golf, great meals and evenings in the company of Kim Jong-il's beauties."

A 2015 investigation by NK News found the commercial practices and integrity of the KFA to be in question.

According to Hazel Smith of Cranfield University, KFA associations have lost much of their original role as part of an international socialist movement. Today, they are reduced to serving domestic purposes of North Korea.

The documentary The Mole - Undercover in North Korea, by Danish film maker Mads Brügger, was released in 2020. It tells the story of Ulrich Larsen, an unemployed chef who infiltrated the KFA and came into contact with KFA president, Alejandro Cao de Benós, and North Korean government officials. The film shows North Korean officials discussing how to evade sanctions in order to export weapons.

title: Korean Friendship Association


text:
Curiosity

Curiosity (from Latin cūriōsitās, from cūriōsus "careful, diligent, curious", akin to cura "care") is a quality related to inquisitive thinking such as exploration, investigation, and learning, evident in humans and other animals. Curiosity helps human development, from which derives the process of learning and desire to acquire knowledge and skill.

The term curiosity can also denote the behavior, characteristic, or emotion of being curious, in regard to the desire to gain knowledge or information. Curiosity as a behavior and emotion is the driving force behind human development, such as progress in science, language, and industry.

Curiosity can be considered to be an evolutionary adaptation based on an organism's ability to learn. Certain curious animals (namely, corvids, octopuses, dolphins, elephants, rats, etc.) will pursue information in order to adapt to their surrounding and learn how things work. This behavior is termed neophilia, the love of new things. For animals, a fear of the unknown or the new, neophobia, is much more common, especially later in life.

Causes

Many species display curiosity including apes, cats, and rodents. It is common to human beings at all ages from infancy through adulthood. Research has shown that curiosity is not a fixed attribute amongst humans but rather can be nurtured and developed.

Early definitions of curiosity call it a motivated desire for information. This motivational desire has been said to stem from a passion or an appetite for knowledge, information, and understanding.

Traditional ideas of curiosity have expanded to consider the difference between perceptual curiosity, as the innate exploratory behavior that is present in all animals, and epistemic curiosity, as the desire for knowledge that is specifically attributed to humans.

Daniel Berlyne recognized three classes of variables playing a role in evoking curiosity: psychophysical variables, ecological variables, and collative variables. Psychophysical variables correspond to physical intensity, ecological variables to motivational significance and task relevance. Collative variables involve a comparison between different stimuli or features, which may be actually perceived or which may be recalled from memory. Berlyne mentioned four collative variables: novelty, complexity, uncertainty, and conflict (though he suggested that all collative variables probably involve conflict). Additionally, he considered three variables supplementary to novelty: change, surprisingness, and incongruity. Finally, curiosity may not only be aroused by the perception of some stimulus associated with the aforementioned variables ("specific exploration"), but also by a lack of stimulation, out of "boredom" ("diversive exploration").

Curiosity-driven behavior
Curiosity-driven behavior is often defined as behavior through which knowledge is gained – a form of exploratory behavior. It therefore encompasses all behaviors that provide access to or increase sensory information. Berlyne divided curiosity-driven behavior into three categories: orienting responses, locomotor exploration, and investigatory responses or investigatory manipulation. Previously, Berlyne suggested that curiosity also includes verbal activities, such as asking questions, and symbolic activities, consisting of internally fueled mental processes such as thinking ("epistemic exploration").

Theories
Like other desires and need-states that take on an appetitive quality (e.g. food/hunger), curiosity is linked with exploratory behavior and experiences of reward. Curiosity can be described in terms of positive emotions and acquiring knowledge; when one's curiosity has been aroused it is considered inherently rewarding and pleasurable. Discovering new information may also be rewarding because it can help reduce undesirable states of uncertainty rather than stimulating interest. Theories have arisen in attempts to further understand this need to rectify states of uncertainty and the desire to participate in pleasurable experiences of exploratory behaviors.

Curiosity-drive theory
Curiosity-drive theory posits undesirable experiences of "uncertainty" and "ambiguity". The reduction of these unpleasant feelings is rewarding. This theory suggests that people desire coherence and understanding in their thought processes. When this coherence is disrupted by something that is unfamiliar, uncertain, or ambiguous, an individual's curiosity-drive causes them to collect information and knowledge of the unfamiliar to restore coherent thought processes. This theory suggests that curiosity is developed out of the desire to make sense of unfamiliar aspects of one's environment through exploratory behaviors. Once understanding of the unfamiliar has been achieved and coherence has been restored, these behaviors and desires subside.

Derivations of curiosity-drive theory differ on whether curiosity is a primary or secondary drive and if this curiosity-drive originates due to one's need to make sense of and regulate one's environment or if it is caused by an external stimulus. Causes can range from basic needs that need to be satisfied (e.g. hunger, thirst) to needs in fear-induced situations. Each of these derived theories state that whether the need is primary or secondary, curiosity develops from experiences that create a sensation of uncertainty or perceived unpleasantness. Curiosity then acts to dispel this uncertainty. By exhibiting curious and exploratory behavior, one is able to gain knowledge of the unfamiliar and thus reduce the state of uncertainty or unpleasantness. This theory, however, does not address the idea that curiosity can often be displayed even in the absence of new or unfamiliar situations. This type of exploratory behavior, too, is common in many species. A human toddler, if bored in his current situation devoid of arousing stimuli, will walk about until he finds something interesting. The observation of curiosity even in the absence of novel stimuli pinpoints one of the major shortcomings in the curiosity-drive model.

Optimal-arousal theory
Optimal-arousal theory developed out of the need to explain this desire to seek out opportunities to engage in exploratory behaviors without the presence of uncertain or ambiguous situations. Optimal-arousal suggests that one can be motivated to maintain a pleasurable sense of arousal through such exploratory behaviors.

When a stimulus is encountered that is associated with complexity, uncertainty, conflict, or novelty, this increases arousal above the optimal point, and exploratory behavior is employed to learn about that stimulus and thereby reduce arousal again. In contrast, if the environment is boring and lacks excitement, arousal is reduced below the optimal point and exploratory behavior is employed to increase information input and stimulation, and thereby increasing arousal again. This theory addresses both curiosity elicited by uncertain or unfamiliar situations and curiosity elicited in the absence of such situations.

Cognitive-consistency theory
Cognitive-consistency theories assume that "when two or more simultaneously active cognitive structures are logically inconsistent, arousal is increased, which activates processes with the expected consequence of increasing consistency and decreasing arousal." Similar to optimal-arousal theory, cognitive-consistency theory suggests that there is a tendency to maintain arousal at a preferred, or expected, level, but it also explicitly links the amount of arousal to the amount of experienced inconsistency between an expected situation and the actually perceived situation. When this inconsistency is small, exploratory behavior triggered by curiosity is employed to gather information with which expectancy can be updated through learning to match perception, thereby reducing inconsistency.

This approach associates curiosity with aggression and fear. If the inconsistency is larger, fear or aggressive behavior may be employed to alter the perception in order to make it match expectancy, depending on the size of the inconsistency as well as the specific context. Aggressive behavior alters perception by forcefully manipulating it into matching the expected situation, while fear prompts flight, which removes the inconsistent stimulus from the perceptual field and thus resolves the inconsistency.

Integration of the reward pathway into theory
Taking into account the shortcomings of both curiosity-drive and optimal-arousal theories, attempts have been made to integrate neurobiological aspects of reward, wanting, and pleasure into a more comprehensive theory for curiosity. Research suggests that desiring new information involves mesolimbic pathways of the brain that dopamine activation. The use of these pathways, and dopamine activation, may be how the brain assigns value to new information and interprets this as reward. This theory from neurobiology can supplement curiosity-drive theory by explaining the motivation of exploratory behavior.

Role of neurological aspects and structures
Although curiosity is widely regarded, its root causes are largely empirically unknown. However, some studies have provided insight into the neurological mechanisms that make up what is known as the reward pathway which may influence characteristics associated with curiosity, such as learning, memory, and motivation. Due to the complex nature of curiosity, research that focuses on specific neural processes with these characteristics can help us understand of the phenomenon of curiosity as a whole. The following are descriptions of characteristics of curiosity and their links to neurological aspects that are essential in creating exploratory behaviors:

Motivation and reward
The drive to learn new information or perform some action may be prompted by the anticipation of reward. So what we learn about motivation and reward may help us to understand curiosity.

Reward is defined as the positive reinforcement of an action, reinforcement that encourages a particular behavior by means of the emotional sensations of relief, pleasure, and satisfaction that correlate with happiness. Many areas in the brain process reward and come together to form what is called the reward pathway. In this pathway many neurotransmitters play a role in the activation of the reward sensation, including dopamine, serotonin, and opioids.

Dopamine is linked to curiosity, as it assigns and retains reward values of information gained. Research suggests and the stimulus is unfamiliar, compared to activation of dopamine when stimulus is familiar.

Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens is a formation of neurons that is important in reward pathway activation—such as the release of dopamine in investigating response to novel or exciting stimuli. The fast dopamine release observed during childhood and adolescence is important in development, as curiosity and exploratory behavior are the largest facilitators of learning during early years.

The sensation pleasure of "liking" can occur when opioids are released by the nucleus accumbens. This helps someone evaluate the unfamiliar situation or environment and attach value to the novel object. These processes of both wanting and liking play a role in activating the reward system of the brain, and perhaps in the stimulation of curious or information-seeking tendencies as well.

Caudate nucleus
The caudate nucleus is a region of the brain that is highly responsive to dopamine, and is another component of the reward pathway. Research suggests that the caudate nucleus anticipates the possibility of and reward of exploratory behavior and gathered information, thus contributing to factors of curiosity.

Anterior cortices
Regions of the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex both conflict and arousal and, as such, seem to reinforce certain exploratory models of curiosity.

Cortisol
Cortisol is a chemical known for its role in stress regulation. However, cortisol may also be associated with curious or exploratory behavior. Studies suggesting a role of cortisol in curiosity support optimal arousal theory. They suggest the release of some cortisol, causing some stress, encourages curious behavior, while too much stress can initiate a "back away" response.

Attention
Attention is important to curiosity because it allows one to selectively focus and concentrate on particular stimuli in the surrounding environment. As there are limited cognitive and sensory resources to understand and evaluate stimuli, attention allows the brain to better focus on what it perceives to be the most important or relevant of these stimuli. Individuals tend to focus on stimuli that are particularly stimulating or engaging. The more attention a stimulus garners, the more frequent one's energy and focus will be directed towards that stimulus. This suggests an individual will focus on new or unfamiliar stimuli in an effort to better understand or make sense of the unknown, rather than on more familiar or repetitive stimuli.

Striatum
The striatum is a part of the brain that coordinates motivation with body movement.The striatum likely plays a role in attention and reward anticipation, both of which are important in provoking curiosity.

Precuneus
The precuneus is a region of the brain that is involved in attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial processing. There is a correlation between the amount of grey matter in the precuneus and levels of curious and exploratory behaviors. This suggests that precuneus density has an influence on levels of curiosity.

Memory and learning
Memory plays an important role in curiosity. Memory is how the brain stores and accesses stored information. If curiosity is the desire to seek out and understand unfamiliar or novel stimuli, memory helps determine if the stimulus is indeed unfamiliar. In order to determine if a stimulus is novel, an individual must remember if the stimulus has been encountered before.

Curiosity may also affect memory. Stimuli that are novel tend to capture more of our attention. Additionally, novel stimuli usually have a reward value associated with them, the anticipated reward of what learning that new information may bring. With stronger associations and more attention devoted to a stimulus, it is probable that the memory formed from that stimulus will be longer lasting and easier to recall, both of which facilitate better learning.

Hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus
The hippocampus is important in memory formation and recall and therefore in determining the novelty of various stimuli. Research suggests the hippocampus is involved in generating the motivation to explore for the purpose of learning.

The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), an area of grey matter surrounding the hippocampus, has been implicated in the amplification of curiosity.

Amygdala
The amygdala is associated with emotional processing, particularly for the emotion of fear, as well as memory. It is important in processing emotional reactions towards novel or unexpected stimuli and the induction of exploratory behavior. This suggests a connection between curiosity levels and the amygdala. However, more research is needed on direct correlation.

Early development
Jean Piaget argued that babies and children constantly try to make sense of their reality and that this contributes to their intellectual development. According to Piaget, children develop hypotheses, conduct experiments, and then reassess their hypotheses depending on what they observe. Piaget was the first to closely document children's actions and interpret them as consistent, calculated efforts to test and learn about their environment.

There is no universally accepted definition for curiosity in children. Most research on curiosity focused on adults and used self-report measures that are inappropriate and inapplicable for studying children.

Exploratory behaviour is commonly observed in children and is associated with their curiosity development. Several studies of children's curiosity simply observe their interaction with novel and familiar toys.

Evidence suggests a relationship between the anxiety children might feel and their curiosity. One study found that in 11-year-olds was  so children who exhibit more anxiety in classroom settings engage in less curious behaviour. Certain aspects of classroom learning may depend on curiosity, which can be affected by students' anxiety.

An aptitude for curiosity in adolescents may produce higher academic performance. One study revealed that, of 568 high school students, those who exhibited an aptitude for curiosity, in conjunction with motivation and creativity, showed a 33.1% in math scores and 15.5%  in science scores when tested on a standardized academic exam.

Other measures of childhood curiosity used exploratory behaviour as a basis but differed on which parts of this behaviour to focus on. Some studies examined children's preference for complexity/the unknown as a basis for their curiosity measure; others relied on novelty preference as their basis.

Researchers also examined the relationship between a child's reaction to surprise and their curiosity. Children may be further motivated to learn when dealing with uncertainty. Their reactions to not having their expectations met may fuel their curiosity more than the introduction of a novel or complex object would.

Curiosity as a virtue
Curiosity has been of interest to philosophers. Curiosity has been recognised as an important intellectual (or "epistemic") virtue, due to the role that it plays in motivating people to acquire knowledge and understanding. It has also been considered an important moral virtue, as curiosity can help humans find meaning in their lives and to cultivate a sense of care about others and things in the world. When curiosity in young people leads to knowledge-gathering it is widely seen as a positive.

Due to the importance of curiosity, people debate about whether contemporary societies effectively cultivate the right type of curiosity.

Some believe that children's curiosity is discouraged throughout the process of formal education: "Children are born scientists. From the first ball they send flying to the ant they watch carry a crumb, children use science's tools—enthusiasm, hypotheses, tests, conclusions—to uncover the world's mysteries. But somehow students seem to lose what once came naturally."

Impact from disease

Neurodegenerative diseases and psychological disorders can affect various characteristics of curiosity. For example Alzheimer's disease's effects on memory or depression affect motivation and reward. Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease that degrades memory. Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by a lack of interest in one's environment and feelings of sadness or hopelessness. A lack of curiosity for novel stimuli might be a predictor for these and other illnesses.

Social curiosity
Social curiosity is defined as a drive to understand one's environment as it relates to sociality with others. Such curiosity plays a role in one's ability to successfully navigate social interactions by perceiving and processing one's own behavior and the behavior of others. It also plays a role in helping one adapt to varying social situations.

Morbid curiosity

Morbid curiosity is focused on death, violence, or any other event that may cause harm physically or emotionally. It typically is described as having an addictive quality, associated with a need to understand or make sense of topics that surround harm, violence, or death. This can be attributed to one's need to relate unusual and often difficult circumstances to a primary emotion or experience of one's own, described as meta-emotions.

One explanation evolutionary biologists offer for curiosity about death is that by learning about life-threatening situations, death can be avoided. Another suggestion some psychologists posit is that as spectators of gruesome events, humans are seeking to empathize with the victim. Alternatively, people may be trying to understand how another person can become the perpetrator of harm. According to science journalist Erika Engelhaupt, morbid curiosity is not "a desire to be sad", instead it "has the ability to set our minds ... at ease be reassuring us that even death follows the rules of the natural world."

Interest in human curiosity about difficult circumstances dates back to Aristotle in his Poetics, in which he noted, "We enjoy and admire paintings of objects that in themselves would annoy or disgust us." In a 2017 paper, Suzanne Oosterwijk, a psychologist from the Netherlands, concluded that people choose to see graphic images even when presented the option to avoid them and look at them for a longer period of time than neutral or positive images.

State and trait curiosity
Curiosity can be a temporary state of being, or a stable trait in an individual. State curiosity is external—wondering why things happen just for the sake of curiousness, for example wondering why most stores open at 8 a.m. Trait curiosity describes people who are interested in learning, for example by trying out a new sport or food, or traveling to an unfamiliar place. One can look at curiosity as the urge that draws people out of their comfort zones and fears as the agents that keep them within those zones.

Curiosity in artificial intelligence
AI agents can exhibit curiosity through intrinsic motivation. This can improve the success of an AI agent at various tasks. In artificial intelligence, curiosity is typically defined quantitatively, as the uncertainty the agent has in predicting its own actions given its current state.

In 2019, a study trained AI agents to play video games, but they were rewarded only for. The agents reliably learned advantageous game behaviors based solely on the curiosity reward.

title: Curiosity


text:
Stratton, Dorset

Stratton is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated in the Frome valley about 3 mi north-west of Dorchester. The parish includes the hamlets of Grimstone, Ash Hill and Wrackleford which, like the village, lie on or near the A37 trunk road. Ash Hill is a small estate east of the village near the railway. Wrackleford is a group of houses further east and centred about Wrackleford House and including Higher Wrackleford and Lower Wrackleford. In addition there are a number of isolated farms and houses including a few in an area called Langford near the Sydling Water in the north-west part of the parish.

The name Stratton means 'Farm on the Street'. The Street referred to the Roman road from Durnovaria (Dorchester) to Lindinis (Ilchester) which passes through the village.

The parish has an area of about 1710 acre. Most of this is agricultural land lying north of the village where the land rises from about 250 ft to about 620 ft. Stratton parish is bounded by the parishes of Bradford Peverell, Frampton, Sydling St. Nicholas, Godmanstone and Charminster. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 592.

Early monuments

The principal monument in the parish is the Celtic settlement on Grimstone Down. This consists of traces of Celtic fields covering more than.100 acre near the centre of this area, between the field-banks, several hollowed tracks converge on a series of smaller enclosures which indicate the position of the main settlement.

As well as the Celtic settlement there is a number of Bronze Age barrow.

Near here is the base of a mediaeval cross called Jackman's Cross. A new stone cross and bench nearby were erected to mark the Millennium.

Roads
The village lies on or near the Roman road linking Durnovaria (Dorchester) with Lindinis (Ilchester). This road passed through Bradford Peverell and crossed the River Frome and its flood plain, passed the current village and then followed a line approximately along the track to Grimstone Dairy, then near Grimstone Viaduct and then along the line of the A37 towards Yeovil on the section known as Long Ash Lane.

By mediaeval times it seems that although the same line was used for the main road west of the village, to the east an alternative route was used. This followed the current line of the A37 to Wrackleford, then through Charminster, up East Hill and then into Dorchester through Burton.

A Turnpike trust, the Maiden Newton Trust, was established in 1777-8 and included the main road through the parish. It seems that originally the same line was used for this turnpike. A route from Frampton to the main road near Winterbourne Steepleton was included in this trust but did not pass through the Stratton parish, being on a more direct route near Muckleford. In 1797-8 a continuing act was passed for this trust. This 1797-8 act changed part of the line of the main road and part of the route from Frampton to the main road at Winterbourne Steepleton to what are now the existing roads. The part of the future A37 between Stratton village and Grimstone kept to a more level route south of the previous route and linked up to a new road near Muckleford on the route towards Winterbourne Steepleton at a point called Brewers Ash. The toll house at this corner still exists. The original route from Muckleford directly to Frampton fell into disuse. There had been a toll gate in Grimstone before this date but this must have been at a different location.

Although not in Stratton parish, it may be noted that it was not until the third continuing act of 1840 that the new road between Wrackleford and Dorchester was authorized. This left the previous route just west of Charminster and crossed the meadows to join the previous road at the Bottom of the Grove in Dorchester, the now familiar road into Dorchester.

The last major change to the route of the main road within the parish was the Stratton bypass. This was built in 1967 between the village and the railway line and necessitated the demolition of the village school which stood at the west end of the village near the railway line.

The railway
The Castle Cary-Weymouth Heart of Wessex Line passes through the parish. This was originally part of the Wiltshire, Somerset & Weymouth Railway which opened on 20 January 1857 and later became part of the Great Western Railway.

The broad gauge Wiltshire, Somerset & Weymouth Railway was incorporated in 1845. However, in 1848 work on the line stopped completely. In 1850 the Great Western Railway assumed responsibility for the line but it was not until 1857 that the line opened. The line was converted to standard gauge in 1874, a change that took just five days.

The first reference to the railway in the Parish registers is on 29 August 1847 when two children were baptised whose fathers were recorded as "Miner on the Wilts & Somerset Railroad". The Parish registers also record the burials of two men connected with the railway who died before its opening. On 6 November 1854 Alfred Needs was buried. He was 16 years old and was "killed by a truck on the rail road". On 25 January 1855 George Moss, aged 46, "Railway Labourer", was buried.

Grimstone and Frampton railway station is in the hamlet of Grimstone at the western edge of the parish and was part of the original railway. Bradford Peverell & Stratton Halt was opened in 1933. British Railways closed both stations in 1966.

Church and chapel
The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary has walls of local rubble stone with dressings of the same material. The roofs are tiled, lead and stone slates. The West Tower is 14th or 15th century and has a ring of five bells. The tower has a 16th-century five-sided enclosed oak staircase. It is supported by a moulded post and is believed to be of unique design. The nave has a number of 15th-century windows with traces of mediaeval glass. The remainder of the church was largely rebuilt in 1891. For a long period up to the rebuilding the church had no chancel, the chancel arch having been bricked up. In 1891 a new chancel and chancel arch were built, and the original chancel arch was incorporated into the west wall of the new chancel. The church bells have recently been renovated.

The parish registers date from Christmas Day 1561, the first entry recording the burial of a John Lymington on that day. St Mary's parish is part of the United Benefice of Bradford Peverell, Stratton, Frampton and Sydling St. Nicholas, known unofficially as the "Chalk Stream Churches".

The Friends of St Mary's Church is a voluntary body that holds regular fundraising events to help defray the costs of maintaining the fabric of the church and churchyard.

A Methodist chapel was built in the village in 1912 and closed in 1971. It was sold in 1975 and is now a private home.

War memorial
The village war memorial is just outside the churchyard. It records the names of ten men who died in the Great War and three who died in The Second World War. It was dedicated on 30 November 1919.

The four officers mentioned on the Great War section are Alexander, Percy and Charles Pope, sons of Alfred and Elizabeth Mary Pope of Wrackleford and Alan Haig-Brown who was their brother-in-law, having married Violet Mary Pope, a daughter of Alfred and Elizabeth Mary. A plaque in the church gives more details of these four men.

Lists of men of the parish who served in the Great War and The Second World War are in the church.

Governance
Stratton has its own Parish Council, and is in the Three Valleys ward of Dorset County Council. In the 2011 census the population of the Frome Valley ward was 2,210. This ward is one of 32 that comprise the West Dorset parliamentary constituency, which is currently represented in the UK national parliament by the Conservative Oliver Letwin.

Railway
The railway enters the parish from the north-west soon after leaving the Frampton Tunnel. It then passes over Grimstone Viaduct, under which passes Sydling Water and the road from Sydling St. Nicholas. It then passes Grimstone and Frampton railway station before entering a cutting, then passes north of Stratton village, past Bradford Peverell & Stratton Halt, over the A37 and then over the River Frome as it leaves the parish towards Dorchester. Three footpaths near the village cross the railway line.

Rivers
The southern boundary of the parish between it and Bradford Peverell is generally marked by the River Frome. An area mainly north of the river is a flood plain and at the northern edge of this and close to the village is a winterbourne called the Wrackle which aids the flow of the main river. One well used footpath crosses the flood plain between the village and Bradford Peverell while another less well used one crosses between Grimstone and Muckleford.

The western boundary of the parish between it and Frampton is generally marked by Sydling Water.

Demography
The table below shows the recorded population of the parish since the first UK census of 1801.

In 1989 a local landowner sold some land to developers. The major residential development on this land accounts for most of the increase in population between the 1991 and 2011 censuses.

The 2013 figure is the most recent parish population estimate, provided by Dorset County Council.

Amenities
The village has a public house, The Saxon Arms, a new Village Hall, a village green with a play area and a sports field.

Notable residents
The footballer Trevor Senior was born in the parish in 1961.

title: Stratton, Dorset


text:
Talk:Czechoslovakian Grand Prix

Merger proposal
I propose that 6 Hours of Brno be merged into this article for that they appeared to be the same event judging by the event running and how it appear concurrent to the other appearing to be the same event with different names. Donnie Park (talk) 10:27, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Has there ever been a 6 Hours of Brno? None of the race distances depicted are six hours long. Personally I think better writing could fix this. Not sure merging a 1990s sports car race with a 1930s Grand Prix is helpful. --Falcadore (talk) 12:36, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The 70-80s touring car race had the same name, as did the 80-90s sportscar race, so therefore it wasn't all 1930s. Donnie Park (talk) 23:15, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * My point stands, particularly about better writing. This is a great example of the limitations of tabling over writing. And the Six hour article still needs a rename. --Falcadore (talk) 01:17, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * A quick peek at the article history jogs my memory - The 6 Hours of Brno was part of the initial 2012 Le Mans Series schedule before the event was cancelled when the LMS was cut in half. Hence when the article was created, the title was correct for the planned future race.  The359  ( Talk ) 07:41, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I doubt highly that it will happen at this time, its now two seasons since. Donnie Park (talk) 15:46, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose; the articles should be properly split between the old Grand Prix races and the newer endurance races. - The Bushranger One ping only 08:19, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose this merger. In fact, we appear to need three articles; a Czechoslovakian Grand Prix article (which covers the traditional Grand Prix cars, from 1930 until 1949), the CSSR Grand Prix (which covers the touring cars, from 1976 until 1987) and an article with the endurance races in (not sure about the name, maybe 2.5 Hours of Brno? Regardless, this contains the 1988 race, and the 1997-2002 races.) After all, we do have 3 very distinct races here. Luke no 94  (tell Luke off here) 20:01, 24 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Reply to both; in case you do not know your history of the country, reading through a bit of it, what you forget is that CSSR stands for Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, in turn was Czechoslovakia under the communist rules, hence why I oppose the split as it is the same country with communist branding. The endurance/sportscar race used that name in 1988, then when it reappeared in 1997, it was called Masaryk Grand Prix, like the 1930s races did. Lastly as Falcadore implies, when have there ever been a 6 hour race, so I say push ahead with the merge as it is the same event with different branding. Donnie Park (talk) 15:33, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
 * It may be the same country, but it's a different name for a completely different type of race. There's simply no way these should be merged together - it's literally like merging the 1000km of Buenos Aires with the Argentine GP! Just because the name of one of the events is totally wrong doesn't mean this is a valid merger. Luke no 94  (tell Luke off here) 15:37, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Title
Should it be "Czechoslovakian Grand Prix" or "Czechoslovak Grand Prix"? DH85868993 (talk) 02:14, 28 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Czechoslovakian Grand Prix


text:
Talk:European Grand Prix

Nurburgring
I know the Nurburgring is historic, but how can you call it European when Germany gets it every year? They should send it all across Europe. 67.188.172.165 03:56, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Valencia
The "new" European GP will apparently be held on a street circuit in Valencia:

BBC Sport
 * Yeah, looks like this article is going to need a bit of work then. --roddie digital 00:29, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Improvement suggestions
Add some refs Guroadrunner 10:15, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Strange name
Is it just me? It seems a very strange name for just one of many European grand prix. It seems as barmy as having a "Princess Royal". Does something special happen at the designated EGP? And yes, surely it should be rotated around Europe. Comments welcomed. Trafford09 (talk) 10:21, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It's a talk page about the article rather then the subject, but it did used to be rotated around Europe but now it's just a title of convenience. So certaib countrries can have two races in the same year. --Falcadore (talk) 14:12, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

European Flag?
Shouldnt the flag for all the European Grand Prixs be the European one? Daniels Renault Sport (talk) 21:38, 20 November 2012 (UTC)
 * No. Simply reason that one does not represent each other. The "European Flag" is the flag of the European Union, not Europe. The European Grand Prix has been held in Switzerland who is not a member of the European Union. So its not appropriate. For this and other reasons sub-national and supranational flags are not used. --Falcadore (talk) 21:49, 20 November 2012 (UTC)
 * The Flag of Europe is not simply the flag of the European Union. It was created as a flag to represent the whole of Europe and the first organization to officially adopt this flag as their symbol was the Council of Europe of which Switzerland is a member too. The European Union adopted it as their symbol too nearly thirty years later. Its anyways more appropriate than the Spanish flag as many other countries have hosted this Grand Prix! Tvx1 (talk) 20:54, 17 August 2013 (UTC)
 * On the basis of your understanding of flags, yes. But as has been mentioned to you now multiple times, that is NOT how flags on Wikipedia work. They are not decorative associations of an events name. Neither the Council of Europe, nor the European Union have ANY association with this event. So just because you prefer a European flag does not mean it is correct.
 * On a slightly related subject, have you noticed what is the name of the criteria in a races infobox that governs the flag? It's "nationality". Europe is not and never has been a nation. So there is a first step towards your understanding. --Falcadore (talk) 11:36, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Nor is it a Spanish Grand Prix, so displaying 🇪🇸 next European Grand Prix isn't right either. Unless there is a consensus to display the flag of the most recent host of this Grand Prix. in which the current situation would be correct. Tvx1 (talk) 17:15, 23 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes there has been that consensus, for some years. --Falcadore (talk) 01:46, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

Baku
Why does Baku need to be called European Grand Prix? It should be called Azerbaijani Grand Prix. Plus from 2016 Germany needs to have 2 races once again for the first time in a decade. Since the Nurburgring will host the German GP annually from 2015, Hockenheim should host the European GP from 2016. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Harvey994 (talk • contribs) 09:45, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The latest media reports, e.g. this one indicate that the race in Baku will be called the European Grand Prix (Grand Prix d'Europe). DH85868993 (talk) 10:00, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The race has the name of whatever race organisers decide the name is. We certainly don't get a vote. I wonder though if Russia will invade because they don't want Europe that close to its borders. --Falcadore (talk) 13:02, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Where does the claim that Nürburgring will host the German Grand Prix annually from 2015 onwards come from?
 * I saw that on PaddockTalk.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.100.93.62 (talk) 00:04, 29 July 2014 (UTC)
 * If this is what you are referring to, it makes clear that nürburgring is going to honor hockenheim's contract. So the rotating will be continuing for at least the next four years. Tvx1 (talk) 22:34, 1 September 2014 (UTC)
 * If they want to arrange two races in Germany, they can revive the Luxembourg Grand Prix. Outer Image (talk) 13:54, 14 November 2015 (UTC)

Separate Articles
I was wondering whether it would be appropriate to have the 'European GP' and the 'Baku European GP' as separate articles. The fact that the Baku race has been given a (slightly) different name would suggest that it is separate from the European GP, although whether that would warrant a separate article or not, I'm not sure. What are other editors' opinions on the matter? OakleighPark 10:47, 16 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It would be appropriate. Once the name is confirmed. --Falcadore (talk) 13:26, 16 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I would split them as well. However, since this is still well over a year away it's probably a bit early to do so now. Tvx1 (talk) 23:39, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It should be treated the same as "US GP & US GP West" they are separate Grand Prix titles so having them on separate articles would be appropriate. Speedy Question Mark (talk) 15:53, 18 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Are you sure it is not just the case that "Baku" (presumably the city government, or board of tourism) is the title sponsor for the "European Grand Prix"? 77.173.45.102 (talk) 11:48, 15 January 2015 (UTC)
 * In hindsight I'm glad we didn't spill this. Tvx1 18:53, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Indeed. The Baku European GP name has apparently disappeared since then. Now we just have to live with a "European" race being east of Turkey... QueenCake (talk) 19:08, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Baku lies in Europe nonetheless. And Azerbaijan is a full member of the Council of Europe. Tvx1 01:10, 21 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Not at all. While a part of Azerbaijan is in Europe, Baku is clearly geographically located in Asia. Greater Caucasus is the border, and Baku is south of this mountain range. Outer Image (talk) 22:04, 3 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on European Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070404174400/http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2007/February/140207-02.html to http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2007/February/140207-02.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120505151442/http://www.valenciastreetcircuit.com/en__index.html to http://www.valenciastreetcircuit.com/en__index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:39, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:European Grand Prix


text:
Talk:French Grand Prix

Question
Do the French call this event le Prix Grand?

Bravo! A complete list of winners & chassis, even a race summary (if somebody can finish them...). It's a model all the racing pages should use. Just 1 complaint: what was the race date? Also, a minor quibble: I've seen Boillot's 1912 & 1913 winners described as Lion-Peugeots. Comment? Trekphiler 12:17, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * "Lion-Peugeot" was Peugeot's official team during those years. Like Ferrari and Scuderia Ferrari for example. Woodcote (talk) 19:22, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:25, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

1949 Grand Prix
"Grand Prix de l'ACF" was the former name of the French Grand Prix. But in 1949, there was a "Grand Prix de l'ACF" and a "Grand Prix de France". The "Grand Prix de l'ACF", won by Charles Pozzi, was a sports car race held in St-Gaudens. And the French Grand Prix (won by Louis Chiron) was a Formula 1 race held in Reims. So, the only winner we should mention is the winner of the Formula 1 race. That's why i reverted the last edit. Woodcote (talk) 19:22, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

I respectfully disagree with including only the 1949 Grand Prix de France in the list of winner. Until 1966 (whether this also applies to 1967 depends on who you ask, but that's not important!) the "official" French Grand Prix was always the Grand Prix de l'ACF. The 1949 race who's winner is listed was according to sources on the Wikipedia page, the 6th edition of the "Grand Prix de France", a race which certainly took place in at least 1911 and 1913 (and presumably 3 other times before 1949) and these are NOT counted as official French Grand Prix. I feel like focussing too much on formula one is not historically accurate. The 1928, 1936 and 1937 Grand Prix de l'ACF were also run for Sports Cars, for example.

Rather than rely on sources from decades later, and the modern bias towards formula one, I think it is best to do as David Hodges did in his 1966 book "The French Grand Prix" and include both in the list of races. Of course the 1949 Grand Prix de France was the more notable race for that year, but there were several pre-war Grand Prix de l'ACF which were far from the most notable race in France of that year (for example the Mirimas race with just 3 starters!). It might be worth also adding an asterix or something to distinguish the races which were held for Sports Cars. I'd like to see what others think though. A7V2 (talk) 02:42, 22 December 2018 (UTC)

I have made the change, adding the other race so there's two for 1949. I'm not happy with the wording for the note, and maybe there's formatting issues...

I plan to eventually make a page for the other 1949 race, but I can't decide what it should be called! I called the report link "1949 Grand Prix of the ACF" but I'm not sure what it should be called. A7V2 (talk) 05:31, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

2013
There are sources on the 2013 Formula One season article of the French Grand Prix returning to alternate with the Belgian Grand Prix. Can someone please insert the citations and text into the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Editadam (talk • contribs) 22:11, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

Past tense
As the French Grand Prix will be returning in 2013, and has only been on hiatus for three years, it should be returned to present tense. AmericanLeMans (talk) 18:22, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on French Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080111144431/http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=38802 to http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=38802

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:45, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on French Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070602111518/http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=39446 to http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=39446
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120420/http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=40169 to http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=40169
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20091027224739/http://www.gpfrancef1.com/ to http://www.gpfrancef1.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111025050618/http://www.asiaone.com/Motoring/Motorworld/Story/A1Story20081022-95423.html to http://www.asiaone.com/Motoring/Motorworld/Story/A1Story20081022-95423.html
 * Added tag to http://www.f1way.com/news/2007/June/6/versailles-possible-for-french-gp---report
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071029073912/http://formula1home.com/season/2007/races/france/index.html to http://formula1home.com/season/2007/races/france/index.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20091027224739/http://www.gpfrancef1.com/ to http://www.gpfrancef1.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:23, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 11:36, 24 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Circut Paul Ricard 2018 layout map.png

title: Talk:French Grand Prix


text:
Making a Living

Making a Living (also known as Doing His Best, A Busted Johnny, Troubles, and Take My Picture) is the first film starring Charlie Chaplin. A one-reel comedy short, it was completed in three days at Keystone Studios in Los Angeles, California and was released for distribution on February 2, 1914. In it Chaplin portrays a charming swindler who runs afoul of a news reporter and a Keystone Cop. In addition to co-writing the "scenario" and directing the production, Henry Lehrman performs as the principal supporting character.

Plot
In the film’s opening scene, Chaplin's character, the "Swindler", attempts to convince a passerby (Henry Lehrman) to give him money. Chaplin is next shown flirting with a young woman and proposing marriage to her, which she accepts. Lehrman, who portrays a news reporter, now approaches the woman and presents to her a bouquet of flowers and a ring, which she refuses to accept, noting that she is now engaged. Lerhman sees Chaplin and a slapstick fight between the two immediately ensues. Later, while prowling for a news story, Lehrman's character witnesses and photographs an automobile accident, capturing on film a dramatic image of a car tumbling down a high, steep hill. As he and a crowd of onlookers are trying to help the unfortunate motorist, who is pinned beneath his wrecked car, Chaplin passes by and steals the camera that contains the sensational photograph. He then runs to the local newspaper office with the image and to report the auto accident, claiming them as his own. A short pursuit with the Keystone Cops follows, and then an infuriated Lehrman catches up with Chaplin, and they resume their fistfight on a downtown street. An oncoming streetcar scoops them up on its front cowcatcher and continues down the street and out of frame.

Cast

 * Charlie Chaplin as Swindler
 * Henry Lehrman as Reporter
 * Emma Clifton as jealous husband's wife
 * Virginia Kirtley as Daughter
 * Alice Davenport as Mother
 * Minta Durfee as Woman
 * Chester Conklin as Policeman / Bum
 * Charles Inslee as Newspaper Editor (uncredited)

Production
Chaplin wears a large moustache and a top hat in the film; he also carries a walking cane. His famous "Little Tramp" screen persona did not appear until his next film, Kid Auto Races at Venice, which was released by Keystone only five days after the studio began distributing Making a Living. In recalling his work with Lehrman in Making a Living, Chaplin maintained that the director had "deliberately" removed the best parts of his performance from the short's final cut. Lehrman, according to Chaplin, was "a vain man", who years later actually "confessed" to misediting the footage because he felt the young Englishman was arrogant and "knew too much".

In his extensive 1985 biography of the comedian, Chaplin: His Life and Art, English film critic and historian David Robinson provides further insight into the short's production, including its filming locations, the evolution of the Chaplin's costume selections for his screen debut, and his acting style in some scenes:"Chaplin’s first film, Making a Living, was one of Keystone’s more elaborate productions. It had a comparatively well-developed story line, and was shot partly on the stage, partly in the gardens of a nearby house, and partly in the street, on Glendale Avenue. Chaplin's costume, make-up and character resembled Archibald Binks in The Wow-Wows and A Night in a London Club, with nothing as yet of the Charlie figure to come. He wore a grey top hat, check waistcoat, stiff collar, spotted cravat and monocle. Most surprising was the long, drooping moustache of a rather dejected stage villain. At the start of the film he established the fraudulence of his elegant pretensions by touching a passing friend (played by Lehrman) for a loan. The first characteristically Chaplin gag is where he disdainfully rejects the proffered coin as too mean, but then hastily grabs it before the friend can change his mind."

Although Lehrman and Reed Heustis are often credited with co-writing the film's scenario, Chaplin in his autobiography offers his view on the screenplay's status when production began. "We had no story", he writes, adding "It was to be a documentary about the printing press done with a few comedy touches." He then states that Lehrman appeared to be "groping for ideas", so as a "newcomer at Keystone" he began to make suggestions. "This", Chaplin continues, "was where I created antagonism with Lehrman."

The footage of street scenes depicts various areas of downtown Los Angeles in 1914. In the scene with the swindler and newspaper reporter fighting in the road, the sign of the Fremont Hotel is shown briefly in the background. That hotel closed in the 1940s, and the entire structure was demolished in 1955.

Reception

In its February 7, 1914, issue, the widely read New York–based trade journal The Moving Picture World gives the comedy short a brief but very positive review:"The clever player who takes the role of nervy and very nifty sharper in this picture is a comedian of the first water, who acts like one of Nature’s own naturals. It is so full of action that it is indescribable, but so much of it is fresh and unexpected fun that a laugh will be going all the time almost. It is foolish-funny stuff that will make even the sober minded laugh, but people out for an evening's good time will howl."

In the months following the film's release, as it circulated across the United States, many city and small-town newspapers, like The Sentinel-Record in Hot Springs, Arkansas, judged the short to be a "laugh", as yet another one of Keystone's "always good and boisterous comedies"; and they encouraged their readers to see it. The local paper in Chickasha, Oklahoma characterized Making a Living as "truly a scream from start to finish", while in Bemidji, Minnesota, the Majestic Theatre promoted it as a "peach", adding "If you never laughed before you will certainly do so if you see this comedy." In those and other remarks about the film in 1914 and in newspaper advertisements promoting the comedy, Charlie Chaplin and his fellow performers are rarely mentioned by name, which at that time was not an uncommon practice outside the realm of film-industry publications, especially with regard to new performers in one-reelers. In June 1914, however, the Dittmann Theatre in Brownsville, Texas, did mention in the town's newspaper that its screening of Making a Living included a "new comedian in the Keystone comedy", an entertainer the theatre identified as "Charles Chappel." Little did that theatre’s management or moviegoers in general know that by the end of the following year, Mr. Chappel would be an established national and international film celebrity and a growing cultural phenomenon.

One scene in particular in Making a Living excited audiences and even prompted film-industry observers in 1914 to comment about Lehrman's and Keystone's willingness to spend considerable amounts of money on their motion-picture projects, even on simple one-reel shorts. The scene is the car accident. The Motion Picture News, another popular New York–based trade publication, reported the financial cost of staging that accident during production:"Henry Lehrman, a Keystone director, tipped a $1,500 ($ today) automobile over a cliff in his last picture, 'Making a Living.' A nearly new Studebaker was used for this effect and when recovered at the bottom resembled a pile of kindling wood. This expensive episode cost the Keystone Company a good-sized sum, but a thrill was to be gotten out of the story and Keystone took this method of getting it."

title: Making a Living


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Miguel Pinero

Miguel Pinero
I know nothing about plays but the "Nuyorican author" (New York in Latino?) and the URL at the top sugg vanity/advert? — Bill 20:47, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't be too incredulous about "Nuyorican": i'm not sure whether they are sponsored or tolerated by the city, but there have long been persuasively formal street signs labeled "Loisaida Avenue" in "Alphabet City", IIRC renaming Avenue E on what Anglos call the Lower East Side. Of course, that being said, articles on Loisaida and Nuyorican culture would help establish that these terms have significant English currency rather than belonging in the Spanish WP & sp. Wiktionary. Jerzy(t) & (2nd edit) Jerzy(t) 11:42, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC).
 * Well, the whole things a cut-and-paste from . Question: if I spot a copyvio on things already vfd'd, what's the procedure? However, Pinero (and his best known work, "Short Eyes") is notable. Keep but copyvio should go, if that's the right sequence. --jpgordon {gab} 21:15, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * BTW, "Nuyorican" is a very common term — maybe even dominant now — for New Yorkers of Puerto Rican ethnicity. And if it's a copyvio, it should simply be handled as such, no need to discuss further here. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:37, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK. It's just a copyvio now. Never mind. --jpgordon {gab} 03:00, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep but fix. The is the author/poet/playwright/actor that the movie Piñero (2001) was about.
 * Does it need a fix and redirect for the diacritical in his last name? (I'm still learning the wikipedia rules and conventions.)


text:
Talk:German Grand Prix

Untitled
For what it's worth: Mertz averaged 102kph (63.38mph). (Just don't ask me to source it...) Trekphiler 16:08, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Flags
German ones, to be precise.

The general agreement is that we use the flag of the country that the driver raced for (i.e. UK not England, Scotland etc).

On that basis, and looking at the Flag of Germany article, some changes are needed. It seems that the current flag should be used for any result from 1949 to present, and between 1919 and 1933. From 1933 to 1945, it should be the Nazi flag (with just a possibility of a red, black and white horizontal tricolor between 1933 and 1935). This isn't meant to imply that drivers were Nazis or that there is anything good about it, but like it or not, that seems to have been the official state flag of Germany at the time.

Anyone know that this is wrong?

 * I'm not sure what is being brought up -- if I read correctly, you are advocating for the use of the correct flag for the time period for German drivers -- but if so, then yes the Nazi flag is the historically correct flag to be used for this time period on a historic basis. We also try to make sure the flags are historically correct for South African and Italian drivers among others. Guroadrunner (talk) 06:30, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

German Grand Prix -- minor edit
I have edited the last line of the History section of the German Grand Prix, merely for grammatical clarity. The content has not been changed.

Erik

Regenmeister
I deleted "who would win 6 of 12 GPs before 1940", because it refers to Rudy's career, not the GerGP. Trekphiler 18:15, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Crazy as a loon
Who was the nut that ran on the track at the '03 event? Hannibal Lecter 16:43, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The 2000 event had a disguntled Mercedes(?) employee run onto the track. Guroadrunner (talk) 06:31, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Cancelled or Not held?
The German Grand Prix was originally sheduled for 2007, but was later cancelled, so I think it should be labeled as such in the list. However, some anonymous people keep changing it back to not held all the time. As long as they don't explain why, I will undo these changes. John Anderson 11:06, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Assessment
I rated this as Start class, but it could easily be B-Class with more refs I believe. Guroadrunner (talk) 06:30, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I gave it start class from WP Germany also, and mid-importance. It needs better citations, and clarification of some of the more obtuse moments. I've inserted some "huhs" at the appropriate spaces but there are more.  For example, Michael Schumacher....yeah, and so he won, but there needs to be a greater elaboration on why his win was special.  It needs a seriously good copy edit, esp punctuation.  Quotation marks go OUTSIDE the punctuation, no matter what version of English you're using (US or British), unless the punctuation is a colon.  Auntieruth55 (talk) 21:36, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Lap 404
This is coming back dead. TREKphiler  hit me ♠  02:06, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Nürburgring
Should the track information be changed to reflect that this year the race is held at the Nürburgring and not the Hockenheimring? The alternating of the track each year kinda makes this a messy situation. Race Date: 12 Jul 2009, Number of Laps: 60, Circuit Length: 5.148 km, Race Distance: 308.863 km Rissole (talk) 07:46, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is strange. The 5th reference says that it will be held at Hockenheimring, however a bunch of other possible references confirm the race will be held at the Nurburgring. I think the change should be made.-- Gordonrox24 | Talk 03:21, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The page now shows misleading information, in that the sidebar shows a picture of the Nurburgring track and lap data, but the 2010 results directly beneath were of course from Hockenheim - some clarification is needed here! - Anon, July 2011 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.246.135.115 (talk) 09:10, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Hockenheim Track Versions
We distinguish the different versions of the Nurburgring that are used, so I think we should differentiate between the short and long Hockenheim versions, as in before and after 2001. This is done with the different versions of Spa at the Belgian Grand Prix page. SchueyFan (talk) 13:47, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I think actually you make a good arguement to take away the different version from the Belgian Grand Prix article. The various versions of Nurburgring is important because several versions of the Nurburgring, and Monza also, have been available at the same time. However be it short or long, there has only ever been one version of Hockenheim. It should then be up to the Hockenheim article to take up when the track was shortened or lengthened. By a long wya the majority of people reading this page are not going to be interested by the various iterations of Hockenheim, bearing in mind that the three chicanes were installed one at a time. The page should be kept as simple as possible and not overburdened with detail that really belongs on another page anyway. --Falcadore (talk) 10:18, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

Race information
There are some details on the race's track in the infobox under the race information header. (track length, number of laps, race length,...). However, I'm unable to see to which track this details relate. Tvx1 12:49, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

What did Ecclestone say in 2010?
It says in the text, about the discussion of alternating tracks for the race, that in 2010 "... talks with Bernie Ecclestone were hampered by his Hitler quotes." What had he said about Hitler and how was this received? Outer Image (talk) 23:46, 24 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on German Grand Prix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070404174400/http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2007/February/140207-02.html to http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2007/February/140207-02.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:34, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

Do not touch
I will edit Mattthew Burger (talk) 02:29, 11 December 2019 (UTC)

AVUS
I have removed the oft repeated but completely false reference to the AVUS being shortened post-war because it ran into East Berlin (or East Germany). As reference to any map will show, the entire AVUS circuit was inside the western sector of Berlin. It was shortened because the original length was absurd, dangerous and difficult to marshal.Ambak51 (talk) 13:18, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:German Grand Prix


text:
USS Crowninshield

USS Crowninshield (DD–134) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy between World War I and World War II. She was named for Benjamin Williams Crowninshield. In World War II she was transferred to the Royal Navy where she was named HMS Chelsea, and subsequently to the Soviet Navy where she was named Derzky.

United States Navy
Crowninshield was launched 24 July 1919 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; sponsored by Emily Crowninshield Davis, great-great-granddaughter of B. W. Crowninshield. The ship was commissioned on 6 August 1919 and reported to the Atlantic Fleet.

Crowninshield cruised along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean, participating in 1921 in the fleet concentration in the Panama Canal Zone and Cuban waters. During this exercise she carried Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels from Key West to Guantanamo Bay for fleet maneuvers. From 14 November 1921 Crowninshield operated with 50 percent of her complement until placed out of commission in reserve at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 7 July 1922.

Recommissioned 12 May 1930, Crowninshield arrived at San Diego, California 4 April 1931 to join the Battle Force. She took part in fleet problems and exercises on the west coast, in Hawaiian and Caribbean waters; operated with Aircraft, Battle Force; conducted practice cruises to Canadian and Alaskan ports for members of the Naval Reserve; and spent from 15 July to 17 December 1934 in the Rotating Reserve. She was at San Diego between 30 October and 2 November 1935, for the Presidential Fleet Review and attended the ceremonies opening the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in November 1936. Crowninshield was decommissioned at San Diego on 8 April 1937.

Recommissioned on 30 September 1939, Crowninshield sailed from Mare Island 25 November and arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba on 10 December for duty with the Neutrality Patrol in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. On 9 September 1940 she was decommissioned at Halifax (former city), Nova Scotia, and was delivered to British authorities in the land bases for destroyers exchange. She was commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Chelsea the same day.

Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy
Chelsea reached Devonport, England, 28 September 1940. Assigned to the Sixth Escort Group, Western Approaches Command, Liverpool, for Atlantic convoy duty, she fought the double-menace submarine and air attacks on vital supplies. On 6 April 1941 she rescued 29 survivors of SS Olga S. which had been sunk by an air attack. Chelsea was modified for trade convoy escort service by removal of three of the original 4"/50 caliber guns and one of the triple torpedo tube mounts to reduce topside weight for additional depth charge stowage and installation of hedgehog.

Chelsea joined HMS Arbutus (K86) on 5 February 1942 to hunt for a submarine sighted from their convoy. Two hours later Arbutus was torpedoed. Chelsea opened fire on the surfaced submarine and made three depth charge attacks after she dived but contact was lost and she returned to pick up the survivors from Arbutus.

In November 1942 Chelsea was lent to the Royal Canadian Navy and until the end of 1943 operated in the mid and western Atlantic Ocean escorting convoys to and from Great Britain. She returned to Derry, Northern Ireland, 26 December 1943 and early in 1944 was reduced to reserve on the Tyne. On 16 July 1944 she was transferred to Russia and renamed Derzky (rus. Дерзкий, "Insolent").

Soviet Navy
Derzky was one of eight Town-class destroyers transferred to the Soviet Navy in lieu of Italian vessels surrendered in September 1943 and claimed by the Soviet Union as war reparations in May 1944. She sailed for Murmansk and was commissioned into the Northern Fleet. There she served as local convoy escort for the remainder of hostilities.

In 1949 she was transferred back to the Royal Navy, but was scrapped without re-commissioning.

title: USS Crowninshield


text:
Seaton Delaval Hall

Seaton Delaval Hall is a Grade I listed country house in Northumberland, England, near the coast just north of Newcastle upon Tyne. Located between Seaton Sluice and Seaton Delaval, it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1718 for Admiral George Delaval; it is now owned by the National Trust.

Since completion of the house in 1728, it has had an unfortunate history. Neither architect nor patron lived to see its completion; it then passed through a succession of heirs, being lived in only intermittently. Most damaging of all, in 1822 the central block was gutted by fire, and has remained an empty shell ever since.

The 18th-century gardens of the hall are Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Early history
The Delaval family had owned the estate since the time of the Norman Conquest. Admiral George Delaval bought the estate from an impoverished kinsman, Sir John Delaval, in 1717. George Delaval had made his fortune from capturing prize ships while in the Navy, and had also served as a British envoy during the reign of Queen Anne. In 1718, he called on architect Sir John Vanbrugh to advise him on how to modernise and enhance the existing mansion. Upon viewing the site, Vanbrugh felt he could do nothing, and advised complete demolition of all except the ancient chapel near to the mansion, which is now the parish church of Our Lady.

Vanbrugh's advice was taken and the construction work was completed in 1728, five years after the death of the Admiral. The resulting new mansion was the last country house Vanbrugh designed, and it is regarded as one of his finest works. On completion, the Admiral's nephew Francis Blake Delaval (the elder) inherited the property, and moved in immediately. In 1775, the Newcastle portrait artist William Bell made two paintings of the Hall, depicting the north and south fronts with some artistic licence, including wings that were never actually constructed. Bell also painted portraits of many of the residents of the house at the time, earning him the patronage of Lord Delaval, a younger son of the above-mentioned Francis Blake Delaval.

In 1822, the central block was gutted by a fire said to have been caused by jackdaws nesting in the chimneys of the section of the south-east wing closest to the main house. The house was partially restored by the architect John Dobson between 1862 and 1863, when the central block was re-roofed, although it remained a shell internally.

During the Second World War the hall was used to house German prisoners-of-war.

More modern times
The hall was opened to the public for the first time in 1950. Further restoration was completed in 1959 and the early 1960s, From 1968 to 1984 "medieval banquets" were held in the original kitchen of the hall. However, the house was to remain unoccupied until the 1980s when, after a period of 160 years, Edward Delaval Henry Astley, 22nd Baron Hastings moved into the west wing.

Subsequently, Delaval Astley, 23rd Baron Hastings, wishing to preserve the future of the hall and encourage greater public access, began discussions with the National Trust. On 1 September 2008 the National Trust launched an appeal for £6.3m to bring the hall, with its gardens and grounds, into the Trust's custody. The hall opened to visitors again after the National Trust announced, in December 2009, that its appeal had been successful.

The hall was closed to visitors in 2018 as part of a £3.7 million refurbishment project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. In October 2021, the hall was one of 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million injection into the government's Culture Recovery Fund, specifically for its sea-walk walls and corbels.

Architecture and layout
The style of architecture is known as English Baroque, based on the Palladian style introduced into the UK by Inigo Jones. The design is of a centre block portico, or corps de logis, containing the state and principal rooms, between two flanking wings. The wings have a centre projection of three bays, crowned by a pediment, either side of which are seven bays of sash windows above a ground floor arcade.

The west wing originally housed secondary and service accommodation. Damaged in an earlier fire but restored to the original plan, it is distinguished by a great colonnade and boasted a lofty vaulted kitchen, now a salon. The east wing contains the stables, a sixty-foot chamber of palatial design, with stalls and mangers of stone fit. They were reportedly inspired by the stables at Hopetoun House near Edinburgh, designed by Robert Adam. In 1768 Sir Francis Blake Delaval wrote thus to his brother: "I am putting up the grand stable on a plan we saw at Lord Hoptoun's when we were in Scotland, with stone divisions of the stalls." So pleased was he with the results that Sir Francis held a dinner party in the new stables. Between the two wings is a cour d'honneur, a great open courtyard 180 ft long and 152.5 ft broad.

Also in the 400 acre estate park is a stone mausoleum, about half a mile east of the hall, which once had a majestic dome, now gone, but which retains a portico resting on huge monolithic columns. The mausoleum is surrounded by a circular ha-ha, a stone-faced ditch. It was erected by Lord Delaval to his only son, John, who died in 1775 aged 19, "as a result of having been kicked in a vital organ by a laundry maid to whom he was paying his addresses". No-one was ever buried in the mausoleum, which was never consecrated, and the unfortunate John Delaval was buried in St Peter's Doddington, Lincolnshire.

The mausoleum is now ruinous and its lead roof has gone. Also to the east in the walled garden is a south-facing orangery, designed by the architect William Etty, who collaborated with Vanbrugh. It has five glazed arches separated by Doric demi-columns. The statue in the forecourt in front of the house is a lead figure of David, with empty sling, lightly poised above the crouching form of Goliath, who has his thumbs doubled inside his palms. This is an 18th-century copy, possibly by John Cheere, of a 16th-century Italian marble by either Baccio Bandinelli or a follower of Giambologna. The statue has been repositioned from one of the corner bastions of the garden.

A large obelisk commands the fields to the south of the hall; the stub of a second can be found on the north side of the road running past the hall, next to the turning for New Hartley. This second obelisk marked the site where Admiral George Delaval was killed in a fall from his horse in 1723, before his new hall had been completed. Only the pedestal of the obelisk survives.

Legend
As with many big old houses, Seaton Delaval Hall is alleged to have a ghost. According to family biographer Francis Askham:

There is a first-floor window on the North front of Seaton Delaval where, so it would seem from one particular part of the forecourt, a white-clad figure is standing. This, according to legend, is the White Lady, a girl who fell in love with the Delaval heir and died of a broken heart because the marriage was forbidden.

title: Seaton Delaval Hall


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meaning and Knowledge

This article received a strong consensus for deletion; however, this decision violated current Wikipedia policies. The page in question has thus been listed on VfD decisions not backed by current policies, and this debate remains in hiatus until a policy change is made. If a policy change permitting this page to be deleted is enacted this vote may be used to immediately delete the article.

Meaning and Knowledge
Worthless article on nonnotable anthology of writings about epistemology. Postdlf 20:48, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: nonnotable anthology. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:13, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Someone in a dorm room opened a random book and made an article. Almost a test article, except that someone worked on it.  Geogre 02:46, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. --Improv 20:46, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
G. Love & Special Sauce

G. Love & Special Sauce is an American rock band from Philadelphia. They are known for their unique, "sloppy", and "laid back" sound that encompasses blues, hip hop, rock, and soul. The band features Garrett Dutton, better known as G. Love; Jeffrey Clemens on drums; and Jim Prescott on bass.

History
The band formed in January 1993, when Dutton was performing at a Boston bar, The Tam O'Shanter. There he met drummer Jeffrey Clemens. Dutton and Clemens began working as a duo, and were joined a few months later by bassist Jim Prescott, and became the house band at The Plough and Stars in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1994, they released their self-titled debut album on Okeh Records. On the strength of the single "Cold Beverage", due in part to the song's rotation on MTV, the album nearly went gold. Trying to capitalize on the success of the album, the group subsequently toured heavily, eventually landing a spot on the H.O.R.D.E. tour.

In 1995, they released their follow-up album Coast to Coast Motel. Although it did not sell as well as the first album, it is considered by many critics as the stronger of the two. On tour following the release of the second album, the group nearly broke up, due to disagreements about the group's finances. Deciding on a hiatus the three members went their separate ways, working on various side projects. By October 1997, the group had reconciled their differences and released their third album, Yeah, It's That Easy, which along with their own work, showcased their collaboration with several other bands and musicians, including All Fellas Band, Philly Cartel, King's Court, and Dr. John. This soul-influenced album was more similar to their debut album than their previous release.

Soon after G. Love & Special Sauce set out on another world tour, returning to Philadelphia in 1999 for the release of their fourth album, Philadelphonic. Philadelphonic was followed up with Electric Mile in 2001, an album that shows the wide-ranging influences of the trio, incorporating hip-hop, funk, psychedelica, blues, and soul in equal and ambitious measure. Ever the road band, Mile was followed by extensive touring. During this time they performed as the house band for Comedy Central's show Turn Ben Stein On, which ran from 1999–2001. In summer 2005, the band featured in an advertisement for the launch of Coca-Cola Zero, featuring the group's own unique version of the noted Coca-Cola advertising song "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing". On June 24, 2008, Superhero Brother was released. On January 15, 2009, G. Love announced on the band's website that bassist Jimi "Jazz" Prescott is no longer a member of the band. On January 21, 2014, G. Love posted a release containing the announcement of the album Sugar, and stating that Jimi Prescott had returned to the band. In 2014 Cadillac released a commercial featuring "Come Up Man".

Solo albums
G. Love has released four solo albums. His first, The Hustle, was the first G. Love release under Jack Johnson's Brushfire Records banner. Johnson had been a guest on the Special Sauce album Philadelphonic. G. Love performed a series of shows in 2004 with Jack Johnson and fellow Brushfire Records artist Donavon Frankenreiter, and the trio also found time to issue a live EP. His solo albums include:
 * The Hustle (Brushfire Records – 2004) #100 US
 * Lemonade (Brushfire Records – 2006) #39 US
 * Fixin' to Die (Brushfire Records – 2011) #36 US
 * The Juice (Philadelphonic Records – January 17, 2020)

Musical style
The band's music encompasses blues,  hip hop, alternative rock, blues rock, folk, funk, Philadelphia soul, psychedelic rock, rock and roll and soul.

Current

 * Garrett Dutton as "G. Love" – vocals, guitar, harmonica (1993–present)
 * Jeffrey Clemens as "Houseman" – drums, vocals (1993–present)
 * Jim Prescott as "Jimi Jazz" – string bass (1993–2009, 2014–present)

Former

 * Mark Boyce – keyboards (2006–2011)
 * Timo Shanko – string bass (2009–2013)

Tech credits

 * Randy Grosclaude – lighting designer for The Hustle tour

Studio albums – with Special Sauce

 * G. Love and Special Sauce (Okeh – 1994) #32 Heatseekers
 * Coast to Coast Motel (Okeh – 1995) #122 US #3 Heatseekers
 * Yeah, It's That Easy (Okeh – 1997) #120 US #3 Heatseekers
 * Philadelphonic (550 Music – 1999) #113 US #1 Heatseekers
 * Electric Mile (550 Music – 2001) #138 US #4 Heatseekers
 * Superhero Brother (Brushfire Records – 2008) #63 US
 * Sugar (Brushfire Records – 2014) #49 US
 * Love Saves the Day (Brushfire Records – October 30, 2015)
 * Philadelphia Mississippi (Philadelphonic Records – June 24, 2022)

Studio albums – solo

 * The Hustle (Brushfire Records – 2004) #100 US
 * Lemonade (Brushfire Records – 2006) #39 US
 * Fixin' to Die (Brushfire Records – 2011) #36 US
 * The Juice (Philadelphonic Records – January 17, 2020)

Bootlegs, demos or outtake albums

 * Back in the Day (1993)
 * In the Kings Court (1996/1998)
 * Oh Yeah (1998) [solo]
 * G. Love Has Gone Country (1998)
 * Rappin' Blues EP (1999)
 * Front Porch Loungin' (2000)
 * Long Way Down (Philadelphonic Records – 2009)

Compilation albums

 * The Best of G. Love and Special Sauce (Sony – 2002)
 * Playlist: The Very Best of G. Love & Special Sauce (The Okeh Years) (Epic/Legacy – 2013)

Live albums

 * A Year and a Night with G. Love and Special Sauce CD/DVD (2007)
 * Live at Boulder Theater 2xLP Limited Edition(2019)

title: G. Love & Special Sauce