text:
Talk:Grand Prix Legends

Untitled
Is there a source reference for the Jackie Stewart "worst car I have ever driven" quote ? It sounds like a very 'un-Stewart-like' thing for him to say. Anyway, regardless, a quote still needs a source.58.47.65.196 (talk) 06:28, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Does anyone have a source for that 200,000 sales figure? I've left it in as it sounds about right, but I can't be sure. Loganberry 11:11, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yes this come from http://www.gamespot.com/features/6103365/ Ericd 12:32, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Do we really need so many pictures? I tend to think they're intrusive where they are, and that one nice screenshot (maybe of the grid at Spa or something like that) in the normal position on the page (ie the right-hand side) would be much nicer to look at. We can't cover every aspect of GPL here - otherwise we'd have hundreds of pictures of all the add-on circuits! Loganberry 15:23, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I agree. Maybe a line-up of cars with a "left-to-right" caption and a screenshot of a grid would be good. 66.84.233.146 16:14, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

About my reversion in the Drivers section: Jacky Ickx definitely drove an F2 Matra at the Nürburgring (finished fourth) and an F1 Cooper-Maserati at Monza (finished sixth). Hence, my original wording was correct. See the Jacky Ickx article for more details. Loganberry 22:36, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Kudos from the originator
I was the lowly scribe who wrote the original GPL article many moons ago. I took a look at it recently and I must say I'm really impressed with all the great additions. My congrats to all the contributers. The article brings back exciting memories of drifting the Eagle through the bends with a bunch of lead-hungry drivers all around me.

Driving on ice
IMO the feeling of "Driving on ice" has nothing to do with the tire model. It's mostly related to the absence physical feedback in simulation. Ericd 14:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Weak aerodynamic model
To Matthead : Please explain why is the aerodynamic model weak ? Ericd 16:37, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

It doesn't have one. I can't find a source from this but it has been discused on racesimcentral at length. Someone managed to create an addon to mimic aerodynamics, however as standard the cars are only affected by drag as velocity increases

JG —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.154.86.98 (talk) 14:49, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

GPL doesn't have aerodynamic downforce modeling because until 1968, F1 cars did not significantly utilize downforce aerodynamics (other than the elimination of possible lift). That's what, in my view, makes them so much more entertaining to watch -- cars hung their tails out. Cars that corner as if on rails are technologically impressive, but dull by comparison. BMJ-pdx (talk) 10:58, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Riverside?
The text seems to say that Riverside was included in the game in place of Watkins Glen. unless this refers to a later version of the game than my copy, this isn't true- the game (and, indeed, the original demo) included Watkins Glen and not Riverside. Riverside didn't appear in a Papyrus game until NASCAR Legends came out in 1999. this track was subsequently possible to convert using David Noonan's converter. The references to Riverside should be deleted.RFT 08:36, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Summer 2006 ?
Really nice article. Just one thing though, here in the southern hemisphere summer occurs twice every year (January + February and then again in December), so perhaps it would be better to say in which quarter of 2006 that the mixed wing for the 1969 F1 Mod is expected.

Security
"Despite fatal crashes, safety was not felt to be a particularly important issue in the mid-1960s as it was widely believed that everything that could be done was already done."

This is a very controversial issue... With 1.5 L engines there was few accidents, inovations like central engines and more sophisticated suspension had allowed better car handling, safety belts and helmet had improved safety. But why did the FIA choose new regulations allowing 3 L engines ? Ericd (talk) 21:01, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

 * In answer to that last question: The story told by Keith Duckworth (of Cosworth Engineering) in 9 Days in Summer is that Can-Am cars were outperforming 1.5-liter F1, and the FIA felt that F1 should be premiere. So an increase in displacement was in order, and the FIA polled manufacturers.  What they really wanted was 2.0 liters, but they thought that whatever they asked for, the FIA would reduce.  They couldn't ask for 2.5 liters because that had just been done, so they asked for 3.0 liters.  To their surprise, as Duckworth put it, the FIA said "Done!  Next topic." and that was that.   BMJ-pdx (talk) 08:53, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Comparison of Racing Simulators
There used to be a detailed article called "Comparison of racing simulators" in Wikipedia. It compared important racing simulators by relevant tables, which I found very useful. For some reason, that article has been deleted. Furthermore, any discussions written in the Talk page are also instantly deleted by other users. I fail to understand this "hatred" against that article. Going with the same logic, we might as well delete all articles regarding video games.

[| Comparison of racing simulators]

An older version of the original article can be found here, if anyone wants to recreate the Wikipedia article: http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Comparison_of_racing_simulators (75.85.89.69 (talk) 16:19, 6 December 2010 (UTC))

 * The reasons the article was deleted are explained here. Also note that the reason "any discussions written in the Talk page are also instantly deleted by other users" is that it is policy to not have talk pages for articles which don't exist; it's not a "hatred" against the article. Please note that I have no preference as to whether the article exists or not; I'm just providing some explanation. DH85868993 (talk) 02:00, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Source

 * https://archive.org/details/pcgamer200301/page/n141 - sales
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20000307014547/http://headline.gamespot.com/news/97_11/26_grandprix/index.html
 * https://web.archive.org/web/19970605012018/http://www.gamecenter.com:80/Features/Peeks/Legends/
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20000411002337/http://pc.ign.com:80/news/4814.html
 * https://archive.org/details/MicromanaTerceraEpocaSpanishIssue43/page/n47

Modding
modding has prolonged the life of this game beyond imagination. it would be necessary to have a paragraph, just like the great historical games like Doom and Quake have.
 * If anyone cares to write it up, the most significant mod was an update to the car and scenery models, which dramatically improved the visual realism. BMJ-pdx (talk) 09:16, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Does it run on modern hardware?
Said to say, but that introductory sentence may have to change to past tense. The last OS that I was able to run GPL on, even with video-driver updates, was Windows ME (predecessor to XP). The problem is that GPL was written for specific GPU hardware. I seem to recall that there was an OpenGL driver, but I could never get anything to work under Windows 8/8.1 (or even XP, if I recall correctly), even in a compatibility mode.

PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong (there would have to be "recent" (i.e., in past 10 or 15 years) video-driver updates).

BMJ-pdx (talk) 09:13, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

 * @BMJ-pdx it absolutely does run on modern hardware, with the Direct3Dv2 and OpenGLv2 rasterisers. 92.0.71.210 (talk) 18:09, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

Reason for 1967 season
I owned and played this game when it was released and remember that the decision for the 1967 season was the last season without aerodynamics and the developers wanted that aesthetic / look to the cars. Ill see if I can find a source. 82.18.36.40 (talk) 11:32, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grand Prix Legends


text:
Anquette

Anquette is an American contemporary R&B group from Miami, Florida, U.S. They debuted with their answer version of the 2 Live Crew's "Throw the D", titled "Throw the P" (1986). Anquette's debut LP Respect (1988) featured a version of Aretha Franklin's "Respect" as well as "I Will Always Be There for You", which peaked at #76 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles and Tracks chart in 1989) and a rap track titled "Janet Reno". Anquette came back in 1997 with the tune "My Baby Mama," an answer rap to B-Rock and the Bizz's "My Baby Daddy".

Discography

 * 1988 Respect (Skyywalker). Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums peak #41.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Anquette


text:
Kiltale

Kiltale is a small rural community district in County Meath, Ireland with a population of about 300. Kiltale is situated on the R154 regional road, the main Dublin to Trim road. It is approximately 9 km east of Trim, about 9 km west of Dunshaughlin and 14 km south of Navan. Kiltale is just over 7 km from the historical seat of the High King of Ireland at the Hill of Tara. The community is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Kiltale is home of the European Union Food and Veterinary Offices and Grange, Teagasc's Beef Research Centre.

Sport
Kiltale GAA, the local hurling and camogie club, is by far the largest sporting organisation in Kiltale and is one of the county's dominant hurling clubs. The team's ground is located on the main Trim-Dublin road, the R154.

The senior hurling team won their first Meath Senior Hurling Championship in 2007, when they defeated local rivals Kilmessan on a scoreline of 1-08 to 0-9. The club went on to win a five-in-a-row series of Meath senior titles, the most recent in 2018.

Amenities
Kiltale has a Roman Catholic Church called the Church of the Assumption of The Blessed Virgin Mary and a national (primary) school (Scoil Mhuire). There is also a small parish hall which hosts community meetings and events. Kiltale is part of the Roman Catholic Parish of Moynalvey in the Diocese of Meath. There is a public bar in the local hurling team's clubhouse, which sometimes hosts live music.

Transport
Public transport to/from Kiltale consists of the Bus Éireann 111/112 service Which serves Cavan-Granard-Athboy-Trim-Kiltale-Batterstown-Blanchardstown-Dublin with approx. 10 services each way per day. And the 134 service which serves Dorey's Forge-Batterjohn-Dunsany-Kilmessan-Kilcarn-Navan Shopping Centre and runs once each way every Thursday.

Notable people
Kiltale is also the hometown of:

 * Liam Harnan, Gaelic footballer
 * Desmond McGann, long-distance runner
 * Hugh O'Sullivan, rugby union player
 * Robbie Power, jockey
 * Sara Louise Treacy, Olympian

title: Kiltale


text:
Atlas Car and Manufacturing Company

The Atlas Car and Manufacturing Company was a manufacturer of small railroad locomotives. The company was based in Cleveland, OH, building equipment from 1896 through the 1980s.

Overview
Atlas specialized in the building of small locomotives and purpose built rail borne equipment for industrial use. The equipment it manufactured seldom ran on the rails of Class I railroads, but were often used to shuttle freight cars around inside manufacturing plants. Atlas's products ranged from small 2-ton end cab switchers up to 65-ton center cab switchers. They also built a wide variety of equipment for the steel industry including blast furnace transfer cars, scale cars, coke quench cars, coke quench locomotives (to 75 tons), furnace cars and self-propelled flatcars. While most equipment was built for steel and coke plants within the United States, some equipment was shipped outside the country (for example 5 scale cars to Russia).

title: Atlas Car and Manufacturing Company


text:
Kerry Prendergast

Dame Kerry Leigh Prendergast (née Ferrier, born 28 March 1953) is a New Zealand politician who served as the 33rd Mayor of Wellington between 2001 and 2010, succeeding Mark Blumsky. She was the second woman to hold the position, after Fran Wilde.

Early life
Prendergast was born in Christchurch but grew up in Tawa, attending Tawa College (1966–69), where she was captain of the college netball team. She qualified as a registered nurse and then trained as a midwife and was later awarded the Royal New Zealand Plunket Society Long Service Award in 1991. She has also been a voluntary grief counsellor. She holds a MBA degree from Victoria University of Wellington.

Local-body politics
Prendergast started her political life as a Tawa Borough councillor in 1986. In 1989 she was elected to Wellington City Council and was re-elected every three years until 2010. In 1995 Prendergast became Deputy Mayor to Mark Blumsky.

She was a speculated candidate for the National Party nomination at the 1992 Wellington Central by-election, but quickly ruled herself out as a candidate, but stated national politics were a "future possibility" for her. In the 1999 general election Prendergast stood as a National list candidate, ranked 30th on the party's list. However, the National Party did not gain enough of the party vote for Prendergast to enter Parliament. She considered running again at the 2002 election, but in 2001 Mark Blumsky announced his intention not to run for the mayoralty again, and endorsed Prendergast's mayoralty candidacy.

Prendergast was elected mayor in 2001 and re-elected in 2004 and 2007. During her time as Mayor, Prendergast instigated the policy of making Wellington the "Creative Capital". She has endorsed changing the Flag of New Zealand.

In the 2010 Wellington City mayoral election, Prendergast was challenged by Green Party city councillor Celia Wade-Brown for the Wellington mayoralty. After the counting of special votes, Wade-Brown was declared the winner by a 176-vote margin, ending nearly a decade of Prendergast's mayoralty.

Other roles
In 2011 she became chair of the Environmental Protection Authority and of the Tourism Board. She is on the board of Kirkaldie and Stains Ltd, WorkSafe NZ, Phoenix Football Club, and is on several advisory boards.

Prendergast was Vice President of Local Government New Zealand and a trustee of the Joe Aspell Trust during her time as Mayor. She has been executive chair of the New Zealand International Festival of the Arts since 2011. She was a director of Wellington International Airport Limited and the Wellington Region Association of Midwives until 2010. She is an honorary life member of the Katherine Mansfield Birthplace Society and of Plunket.

In 2015 Prendergast accepted the role of ambassador for Alzheimer's New Zealand, having had personal experience of the disease - both her late father Denis and her mother Beverley Ferrier suffered the disease.

Honours and awards
In the 2011 Queen's Birthday Honours, Prendergast was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to local-body affairs, and in the 2019 New Year Honours, she was promoted to Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to governance and the community.

In 2014, Prendergast received the New Zealand Women of Influence Award in the local and regional category.

Personal life
Prendergast's father, Denis Ferrier, was also a local politician. In 1970 he was elected to the Tawa Borough Council and in 1986 he was elected to the Kapiti Borough Council. She is married and has two daughters. Her son, Andrew, was killed on 31 March 2011 in a riding accident.

title: Kerry Prendergast


text:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State

The parliamentary under-secretary of state (or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a Secretary of State) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a Minister of State, which is itself junior to a Secretary of State.

Background
The Ministerial and Other Salaries Act 1975 provides that at any one time there can be no more than 83 paid ministers (not counting the Lord Chancellor, up to 3 law officers, and up to 22 whips). Of these, no more than 50 ministers can be paid the salary of a minister senior to a Parliamentary Secretary. Thus, if 50 senior ministers are appointed, the maximum number of paid Parliamentary Secretaries is 33.

The limit on the number of unpaid Parliamentary Secretaries is given by the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, ensuring that no more than 95 government ministers of any kind can sit in the House of Commons at any one time; there is no upper bound to the number of unpaid ministers sitting in the House of Lords.

The position should not be confused with the Permanent Secretary, which is the most senior civil servant in a government department (also known as the Permanent Under-Secretary of State), nor with a Parliamentary Private Secretary (an MP serving as an assistant to a minister entitled to directly relevant expenses but no further pay).

Of his tenure as an under-secretary in Macmillan's 1957–1963 Conservative government from the Lords, the Duke of Devonshire noted: "No one who hasn't been a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State has any conception of how unimportant a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State is".

Current Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State
The current Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State are:

 * HM Treasury
 * Economic Secretary to the Treasury
 * Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury
 * Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (see Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs)
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Africa
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for European Neighbourhood and the Americas
 * Home Office (see Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department)
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration and Future Borders
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration Compliance and Courts (joint with Ministry of Justice)
 * Cabinet Office
 * Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for Implementation)
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Defence People and Veterans
 * Ministry of Justice
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration Compliance and the Courts (joint with Home Office)
 * Ministry of Defence
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Defence People and Veterans
 * Department of Health and Social Care
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Vaccines and Public Health
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Patient Safety and Primary Care
 * Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Business and Industry
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Science, Research and Innovation
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Small Business, Consumers and Labour Markets
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Climate Change and Corporate Responsibility
 * Department for International Trade
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exports (joint with UK Export Finance)
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Trade
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Equalities
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Women
 * Department for Work and Pensions
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Employment
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Pensions and Financial Inclusion
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Welfare Delivery
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
 * Department for Education
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Apprenticeships and Skills
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the School System
 * Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Farming, Fisheries and Food
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Rural Affairs and Biosecurity
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Housing and Rough Sleeping
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Faith and Communities
 * Department for Transport
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
 * Office of the Secretary of State for Wales
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Wales
 * Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Digital Infrastructure
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Heritage
 * Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for Civil Society)

 * UK Export Finance
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exports (joint with Department for International Trade)

Historic Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State

 * Department for Exiting the European Union
 * Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
 * Department of Health and Social Care
 * Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health
 * Technology
 * Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Technology
 * Foreign affairs and Defence
 * Under-Secretary of State for Air
 * Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs
 * Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
 * Under-Secretary of State for India
 * Under-Secretary of State for War
 * Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
 * Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
 * Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply

title: Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State


text:
Full metal jacket

Full metal jacket or Full Metal Jacket may refer to:

 * Full metal jacket (ammunition), a common ammunition construction
 * Full Metal Jacket, a 1987 American film
 * Full Metal Jacket (Dragon Ball), a character in the Dragon Ball franchise
 * Full Metal Jacket Diary, a 2005 book by Matthew Modine

title: Full metal jacket


text:
Hilde Frafjord Johnson

Hilde Frafjord Johnson (born 29 August 1963 in Arusha, Tanganyika) is a Norwegian politician from the Christian Democratic Party. She is a former Minister of International Development of Norway, and member of the Norwegian Government. She most recently served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, completing her term in July 2014

Early life and education
Born in Arusha, Taganyika (modern-day Tanzania) to parents who worked for the Norwegian Missionary Society, she came to Norway at the age of 7. She was awarded a Cand. polit. degree at the University of Oslo in 1991, specializing in development anthropology.

Career
Becoming a member of the Young Christian Democrats at age 16, she was elected to the Parliament of Norway for the Christian Democratic Party from Rogaland in 1993 and re-elected in 1997. She served as a member of the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment. She served as Minister of International Development in Bondevik's First Cabinet from October 1997 to March 2000 and held the same position in Bondevik's Second Cabinet from October 2001 to October 2005.

As minister, Hilde F. Johnson played a pivotal role in the peace process in Sudan, leading to the completion of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement in 2005. She has engaged in peace building efforts and post crisis-transition processes in relation to a number of countries in Africa, Asia and Central America, notably the Horn of Africa, Sudan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Timor Leste, Guatemala and the Great Lakes-region.

She has been involved in efforts to build coalitions for change, both of the UN, in the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs) and bilateral aid. In 1998, Johnson initiated the Utstein-group, a group of key likeminded development ministers from the UK, the Netherlands, Germany and Norway to spearhead this agenda. She worked closely with the senior leadership of the UN, the International Financial Institutions and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and leaders of developing countries, to bring about better pro-poor development policies. She has served as Governor and member of the Board of the World Bank for Norway and the Nordic/Baltic Constituency.

Prior to joining UNICEF she served as senior advisor to the president of the African Development Bank in charge of Fragile States policies. Johnson was the co-chair of the Global Coalition for Africa for several years. She was selected a Global Leader of Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum in 2001. She was member of the High Level Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor led by Madeleine Albright, and has served as a member of the Oxford University Taskforce on UK Energy, Development Assistance and Foreign Policy, led by Chris Patten. Johnson was a member of the UNDP hosted Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor.

Johnson served as deputy executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)from 2007 to 2011. In this capacity she was in charge of global partnerships and the organization’s humanitarian operations and crisis response all over the world and worked closely with the heads of UN-agencies and NGOs to improve delivery on the ground. She also had the responsibility for overseeing programmes in the areas of child protection and child rights. Hilde F. Johnson has facilitated and led campaigns in several areas among a broad spectrum of stakeholders. These include, for example, Education for All, Children in Armed Conflict and Sexual Violence in Conflict (chairing the network UN Action, spearheading the efforts of the UN-family).

Following her assignment in South Sudan, Johnson served as a member of the UN Secretary General's High Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) (2014-2015) and was a Senior Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) (2015). She was appointed Secretary General of the Christian Democratic party in Norway in early 2016.

Other activities

 * Berghof Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees

Publications
Hilde F. Johnson is the author of three books:

Johnson, Hilde F.: “Waging Peace in Sudan, The Inside Story of the Negotiations that Ended Africa's Longest Civil War”, Sussex Academic Press, January 2011

Johnson, Hilde F.: “South Sudan, The Untold Story – from Independence to Civil War”, IB Tauris, London, June 2016

Johnson, Hilde Frafjord: “Den vanskelige freden: Når fred blir til ny krig”, Cappelen forlag, October 2016.

Other publications:

Johnson, Hilde Frafjord: “Protection of Civilians in the United Nations: A peacekeeping illusion?”, article in Cedric de Cloning & Mateja Peter: “United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order”, September 2001

Johnson, Hilde: «Dilemmas in Development: Forms of peasant resistance among the Fipa in Rukwa, Tanzania”, thesis, University of Oslo, Jan 1991.

title: Hilde Frafjord Johnson


text:
Nacho King!

Nacho King! (Aka Steven Fullelove) is the largest Tex-Mex food manufacturer in the Philippines. It operates kiosk and food cart franchises in many marketplaces and malls in the major cities of the Philippines. Nacho King is the largest and only nationwide Tex-Mex retailer in the Philippines, and also exports its products internationally, primarily to markets in Asia. The business was founded in 1995 and began selling franchises in 1996. Nacho King also sells other products besides nachos including corn chips, tacos, tortillas, and tostadas, which are available for wholesale as well as retail.

History
In 1994, Mike Singh returned to the Philippines after going to college in the United States. He had experienced Mexican food in the US and realized that there was an opportunity to bring that experience to the Philippines. At the time, Filipinos tended to eat in malls and Mike and his friend Teddy Manotec realized that they could help bring the food cart industry to their country.

In April 1995, they opened their first outlet in SM North and quickly had lines out the door. By 1997, the two realized that they could not keep up with the immense demand for Nacho King! and decided to develop a franchise program, which became successful.

By 1998, Nacho King's! suppliers couldn't keep up with the large amount of demand for the products, so Nacho King had to redesign their supply chain. Mike and Teddy decided to go to the United States so that they could instill their own tortilla chip manufacturing line. After doing research they bought their first property and plant. They decided to make their tortilla chips from scratch, while importing the rest of their ingredients from the U.S. Due to their new increased supply, they had excess product, and they decided to wholesale sell their products to bars and restaurants, therefore becoming more diversified.

By 2000, Nacho King's corporation Emtyh decided to diversify into other industries. These industries included magazine publishing, internet auctions, and juice production. In 2001, Nacho King! had mobile carts to sell its food, and it continues to be one of the biggest food cart businesses in the Philippines.

Franchising
Nacho King! allows prospective entrepreneurs to run their own franchise of the company. In order to do so, applicants must apply. They must submit the required documents, be interviewed, complete training, and be approved by Nacho King!. The potential franchisee will then be sent a starter package after their franchise site has been evaluated, and a feasibility study has been conducted.

Franchise Types
Currently, on the Nacho King! website the only available franchise type is a mall cart.

Franchise Cost
According to the Nacho King! website, the cost for a franchisee to set up a Nacho King! franchise is approximately PHP 580,000, along with the monthly cost of buying more supplies

Products
Nacho King! offers a variety of products at their locations, and that are also available for wholesale. Products include chips, cheese, meat, salsa, and more.

title: Nacho King!


text:
Joey Tempest

Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson (born 19 August 1963), known professionally as Joey Tempest, is a Swedish singer based in the UK. He is best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Europe. He has written most of the band's biggest hit songs, including "The Final Countdown", "Rock the Night", "Cherokee" and "Carrie".

Early life
Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 19 August 1963. When he was eight years old, he would sit in front of the television or radio with a tape recorder and try to capture songs from the UK or US that he liked and listen to them over and over again. He learned how to play the piano and a friend of his father's taught him three chords (A, D and E) on his sister's acoustic guitar.

Larsson played football and ice hockey and competed in go-cart racing; he once came in fourth place in the Junior Cart Race, a Swedish championship. Like many of the other Europe members, Larsson grew up in Stockholm suburb Upplands Väsby. His biggest influences were Thin Lizzy and Led Zeppelin. During his teens, Larsson played in a number of bands such as Jet, Blazer, Made in Hong Kong and Roxanne. At that time, Larsson alternated between playing rhythm guitar and bass, in addition to lead vocals.

Europe
Larsson started performing in 1979, creating the stage name "Joey Tempest", inspired by William Shakespeare's tragicomedy The Tempest as well as the song "Sparks of the Tempest" by American progressive rock band Kansas. He formed the band Force with guitarist John Norum, bassist Peter Olsson and drummer Tony Reno. Force immediately began building a reputation and a fanbase in the suburbs of Stockholm. In 1982, they changed their name to Europe and won the music competition Rock-SM. The first prize was a record deal with Hot Records. With Tempest as the frontman, Europe released its self-titled debut studio album in 1983 and Wings of Tomorrow in 1984.

During his years with Europe, Tempest wrote numerous international hits. "The Final Countdown" was the biggest; it topped the sales chart in 26 countries, sold 15 million copies, was played at the closing ceremony of the 1987 EuroBasket and 1988 Summer Olympics, became the musical theme of the millennium celebrations and a ringtone in hundreds of thousands of mobile phones across the world. After The Final Countdown, Europe released two more studio albums, namely Out of This World (1988) and Prisoners in Paradise (1991), before their final concert in March 1992. Europe ended their final tour in Portsmouth and did not perform together again until New Year's Eve, 1999 to 2000.

Solo career
In 1995, Tempest's solo debut album, A Place to Call Home, was released. He recalled it his "singer/songwriter album". The album, which was produced by Dan Sundquist, was recorded in Stockholm and London using Swedish musicians. Europe bandmate John Norum guest-starred on one of the tracks. Tempest also played guitar on the album. A Place to Call Home went platinum in Sweden and sold well internationally.

Later the same year, he commenced his first European tour as a solo artist. The following year, he was nominated for a "Best Swedish Artist" Grammy. Four singles were taken from the album, "A Place to Call Home", "Under the Influence", "We Come Alive" and "Don't Go Changing On Me".

Tempest's second solo album, Azalea Place, was released in 1997. The next solo album was recorded in Nashville by producer Richard Dodd, known for producing artists such as The Traveling Wilburys and Tom Petty. Where A Place To Call Home had Tempest writing all the material, the new album was written together with others. Among these were Chris Difford from Squeeze and Will Jennings. "Azalea Place was mostly written in the studio and was therefore more improvised and experimental", Tempest commented on the production. "The Match", "The One In The Glass" and "If I'd Only Known" were released as singles. "The Match" became one of the most played songs on Swedish radio and the album achieved gold status.

In the autumn of 2002, Tempest released his third solo album named after himself. The production team behind the album was "DeadMono", consisting of Malcolm Pardon and Fredrik Rinman. The team also worked with Eskobar, Lisa Miskovsky and Stakka Bo. Also collaborating on the album were Chris Difford, former Europe member Mic Michaeli and guitarist Adam Lamprell. The first session took place in Konk Studios, The Kinks old London studio, where Tempest jammed with English musicians, who had formerly played with Massive Attack. This session produced "Magnificent", "Kill For A Girl Like You" (B-side of the first single "Forgiven") and "Sometimes". Work continued in Stockholm, this time with Swedish musicians, including Mic Michaeli. "Superhuman" originated from this session. After that, Tempest kept on working with Adam Lamprell in a temporary studio in London.

Of his songwriting Tempest has said, "Dreamless and Magnificent have a lot of London in them. Losers is influenced by both London and Dublin. Living there can be very intense, almost chaotic. They're tough cities and I'd never have written the lyrics I did without living there." Some lyrics can also be related to his homeland, reflections on living abroad and learning to live with new people.

Resurrection of Europe
Nearly twelve years after disbanding, Europe announced a comeback with the same lineup that made The Final Countdown. In 2004, they released their sixth studio album, Start from the Dark. The seventh, Secret Society, followed in 2006, then Last Look at Eden in 2009, Bag of Bones in 2012, War of Kings in 2015 and Walk the Earth in 2017.

Musician
Tempest played the keyboards on the first two Europe albums before the band decided to recruit keyboardist Mic Michaeli in April 1984. A couple of years earlier, Tempest had borrowed a keyboard from Michaeli and used it to compose the main keyboard hook of the song "The Final Countdown". After a jam session in 1985, Michaeli and Tempest co-wrote the ballad "Carrie". Later that year, Tempest wrote the soundtrack for the Swedish film On the Loose, as well as the song "Give a Helping Hand" for the benefit project Swedish Metal Aid, in the spirit of Band Aid. The song was produced by future Europe bandmate Kee Marcello. In 1986 Tempest wrote and produced the album One of a Kind for Tone Norum, John Norum's younger sister. Tempest also collaborated with John Norum on the single "We Will Be Strong" from Norum's album Face the Truth in 1992. This was Tempest and Norum's first collaboration since Norum left Europe in November 1986.

After Europe went on hiatus in 1992, Tempest released three solo albums. The first album, A Place to Call Home featured a guest appearance from John Norum on the song "Right to Respect". Several songs on the third album, Joey Tempest, were co-written by Mic Michaeli.

Personal life
Tempest lives in London with his wife Lisa Joy Worthington and sons James Joakim (born 2007) and Jack Johnston Larsson (born 2014). Tempest talked to Bruce Dickinson about his decision to live in London on the latter's BBC 6 Music radio show in 2009. He does not have any social media pages apart from the official ones for Europe listed on their website.

Asked in 2009, by BBC's Liam Allen, "Are you ever embarrassed by some of the hairstyles and clothes you wore back in the day?", Tempest replied, "Not really, we were very young, we were MTV generation – we were one of the biggest bands on MTV. I just wanted to look like Robert Plant, to be honest."

Solo studio albums

 * A Place to Call Home (1995)
 * Azalea Place (1997)
 * Joey Tempest (2002)

Studio albums with Europe

 * Europe (1983)
 * Wings of Tomorrow (1984)
 * The Final Countdown (1986)
 * Out of This World (1988)
 * Prisoners in Paradise (1991)
 * Start from the Dark (2004)
 * Secret Society (2006)
 * Last Look at Eden (2009)
 * Bag of Bones (2012)
 * War of Kings (2015)
 * Walk the Earth (2017)

title: Joey Tempest


text:
Mark Blumsky

Mark Herbert Blumsky (born 29 August 1957) is a former New Zealand politician and diplomat. He was Mayor of Wellington from 1995 to 2001, and a Member of Parliament for the National Party from 2005 to 2008. Blumsky was New Zealand's High Commissioner to Niue from 2010 to 2014.

Early life and family
Blumsky was born in Nelson in 1957, the son of broadcaster and journalist John Blumsky, and educated at St Bede's College and Linwood College in Christchurch. Of Polish and Jewish origin, Blumsky started work at Hannah's Footwear Company in 1976 aged 17. He progressed from salesperson, to merchandise manager, to footwear buyer, to national sales manager. In 1989 he founded Mischief Shoes, which grew into a nationwide multimillion-dollar chain. In 1995 he left to enter politics.

Mayor of Wellington
In mid-1995 Blumsky sought the nomination of the centre-right Citizens' Association electoral ticket for the mayoralty, but lost out to Nigel Gould, the former chairman of the Wellington Harbour Board. Blumsky was not dissuaded and immediately declared his candidacy for the mayoralty as an independent candidate. Blumsky was elected Mayor of Wellington in 1995 and re-elected in 1998. One of his main policies during the 1995 election campaign was that he would not allow the council to sell its remaining 51% share of Capital Power. However, during his first term in office Blumsky controversially agreed to sell the council's stake in the company, citing commercially sensitive information. The remainder of his mayoralty focused on building Wellington's image as an exciting and diverse city to visit and to live in. He was also the inaugural patron of the Wellington Gay Business group GAP. Among other things, he developed Totally Wellington (the regional tourism promoter), established the Wellington Regional Economic Development Agency, and established infrastructure for the film industry.

Financial problems at Mischief Shoes, subsequent to his entering politics, prompted questions from critics and the media about whether he was responsible.

He took pride in living in an inner-city apartment and going out on the town in the evenings. A long-running saga was his good-humoured battle with well-known Courtenay Place busker 'Kenny', a cowboy hat-wearing country music singer whose amplifier was confiscated by the council after the volume annoyed other city apartment-dwellers.

Blumsky retired in 2001 and endorsed then deputy mayor Kerry Prendergast as his successor. She went on to win the mayoralty in 2001 and was re-elected in 2004 and 2007.

2001–2005
After leaving office, Blumsky returned to business life. From October 2001 to September 2002 he co-ordinated the highly successful Wellington premieres of the first two movies in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy and managed the marketing of The Lord of the Rings collectibles for Weta Workshop. During the shooting of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King he took an active role, and was persuaded to throw the severed heads over a set wall onto a group of Knights. The results of this can be seen in the film during the buildup to the battle at Gondor.

In the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours, Blumsky was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.

From September 2002 to July 2004 Blumsky was founding director of Creative HQ, a business incubator for high-growth export-oriented start-ups. From August 2004 to May 2005 he was director (sales and marketing) for Norsewear, an iconic New Zealand clothing company with a multimillion-dollar turnover.

Member of Parliament
In early 2004 Blumsky joined United Future at the urging of its leader Peter Dunne, an old school friend. Blumsky, dubbed by media the man with "the most charismatic eyebrows in politics", served as Party President and confirmed he was considering running for Parliament for the party. However, he resigned soon afterwards, citing a conflict of interest.

In October 2004, Blumsky announced that he would seek the National Party candidacy for the Wellington Central electorate, and was nominated unopposed in November. In June 2005 the National Party released its party list for the elections later that year and Blumsky was ranked 36.

His campaign was marred by an incident in which he received a black eye and other abrasions when returning home late at night. He said he did not recall the incident but believed he had been assaulted. Political opponents suggested he had been inebriated, and a witness reported that he was inebriated when she helped him to his door. Police investigated but no assailant was charged.

Blumksy was elected as a National list MP in the 2005 general election although his challenge to incumbent Wellington Central MP Marian Hobbs was unsuccessful, losing by 6,180 votes. In 2007, he announced that he would not stand again in the next election.

Niue
In September 2010, Blumsky was appointed High Commissioner to Niue, replacing acting High Commissioner John Bryan. He was succeeded by Ross Ardern in February 2014.

Blumsky married a Niuean, Pauline Rex, in 2012 and now lives permanently on Niue. He represented Niue in lawn bowls at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, competing in the men's pairs and men's four, but did not progress beyond the group stage in either event.

Blumsky ran as a candidate in the 2020 Niuean general election but was unsuccessful.

title: Mark Blumsky


text:
Impasse

A bargaining impasse occurs when the two sides negotiating an agreement are unable to reach an agreement and become deadlocked. An impasse is almost invariably mutually harmful, either as a result of direct action which may be taken such as a strike in employment negotiation or sanctions/military action in international relations, or simply due to the resulting delay in negotiating a mutually beneficial agreement. The word impasse may also refer to any situation in which no progress can be made. Impasses provide opportunities for problem solving to provide an insight that leads to progress.

Impasse can provide a credible signal that a party's position is genuine and not merely an ambit claim.

Impasse may also arise if parties suffer from self-serving bias. Most disputes arise in situations where facts are able to be interpreted in multiple ways, and if parties interpret the facts to their own benefit they may be unable to accept the opposing party's claim as reasonable. They may believe the other side is either bluffing or acting unfairly and deserves to be "punished".

As bargaining impasse is mutually harmful, it may be beneficial for the parties to accept binding arbitration or mediation to settle their dispute, or the state may impose such a solution. Indeed, compulsory arbitration following impasse is a common feature of industrial relations law in the United States and elsewhere.

The word impasse is taken from the french impasse.

title: Impasse


text:
Belich

Belich is the name of:

 * Camilla Belich, New Zealand lawyer and politician
 * James Belich (historian) (born 1956), New Zealand historian
 * Sir Jim Belich (1927–2015), mayor of Wellington
 * T. James Belich (born 1976), playwright, also known by pseudonym of Colorado Tolston

title: Belich


text:
User talk:Shaimanor

the information provided here was not supplied by myself, it is personal and therefore I am deleting it.

title: User talk:Shaimanor


text:
Talk:Lesley-Anne Down

Link
the north and south link is wrong..--Delpino 11:35, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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Relationship with Robinson would have been illegal
Is it certain she was in a relationship with Bruce Robinson from 1969 OR was she born before 1954?

The age of consent is 16 in England & Wales. If she was born in 1954, she would have been just 15 in 1969 - and Bruce Robinson would have been arrested, charged, convicted, and jailed for several years for having sex with a girl under the age of consent. And he WOULD have been caught because she was a well-known teenage model.

So, it seems likely the relationship began in 1970 or later; OR that her year of birth was 1953 or earlier, not 1954.

2601:645:8002:61B0:8CCC:5C08:4FCD:1A25 (talk) 11:23, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

 * It is possible to be in a relationship - ie be someone's girlfriend - without actually having sex, and not uncommon at that age. However, the citation for the relationship does not work. Sbishop (talk) 11:52, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lesley-Anne Down


text:
John Butterfield, Baron Butterfield

William John Hughes Butterfield, Baron Butterfield, (28 March 1920 – 22 July 2000) was a leading British medical researcher, clinician and administrator.

Early life and education
Butterfield was educated at Solihull School, an historic independent school in the West Midlands. Whilst at Solihull he was Head Boy, Head of CCF and captain of rugby, cricket, hockey and athletics. He continued his sporting passions while studying at Oxford, becoming a triple blue. He then benefited from a two-year Rockefeller Foundation Scholar grant to study at Johns Hopkins University, where he gained a further medical degree.

Career
After his degree, national military service awaited him. He spent it as an officer in the Army Physiological Unit and Deputy Director for Scientific Research. He subsequently returned to the United States, to a fellowship at the Medical College of Virginia at Richmond.

Over the years he was appointed to many commissions in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Among his professional research interests was diabetes mellitus. His appointments included one as Professor of Experimental Medicine at Guy's Hospital. In 1970 he was invited to accept the position of Vice-Chancellor of the University of Nottingham.

In 1976 he was appointed Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge where he led the re-establishment of the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge. In 1978 on the death of Sir Morien Morgan he was elected Master of Downing College, Cambridge, where he was a popular figure. Even after retirement from the post, his links with his adopted College persisted and he did what he could to further its interests. The College bar at Downing is named after him. The Mastership of Downing led to a term also as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.

Honours
Butterfield was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1953. In 1978, he was knighted. He was made a life peer in 1988 as Baron Butterfield, of Stechford in the County of West Midlands.

title: John Butterfield, Baron Butterfield


text:
Higher Medical School of Białystok

Higher Medical School of Białystok (Wyższa Szkoła Medyczna w Białymstoku) (until 2012 known as Białystok Institute of Cosmetology and Healthcare (Wyższa Szkoła Kosmetologii i Ochrony Zdrowia w Białymstoku) is a private trade school in Białystok, Poland. It offers a three-year course of study in the following specialities: cosmetology, nursing, public health (health and beauty promotion; paramedic studies) and physical therapy.  Its graduates receive a bachelor certificate (Polish: licencjat).  Its faculty includes members of the faculty of Białystok University, Białystok Technical University, and the Medical University of Białystok.

History
Białystok Institute of Cosmetology was opened on April 16, 2003. After its curriculum was widened to include nursing and public health, its name was expanded to Białystok Institute of Cosmetology and Healthcare.

School Authorities

 * Rector: prof. dr hab. R. Czerpak
 * Pro-Rector: dr inż. W. Puczyński

Cosmetology curriculum

 * Basic human anatomy
 * Histology
 * General chemistry
 * Biophysics with physiotherapy
 * Dietetics
 * Sanitation and sterilization
 * Types of cosmetics
 * Hairstyling and cosmetic products
 * Aesthetics
 * Hairstyling and cosmetic techniques
 * The outline of the history of cosmetology
 * Professional cosmetology
 * Basic psychology
 * Foreign language (English or German)
 * Basic human physiology
 * General biochemistry
 * General microbiology
 * Medicine with elements of pathophysiology
 * Dermatology
 * Allergology with immunology
 * Basic knowledge of medicines
 * Cosmetic chemistry
 * Chemistry of natural cosmetic ingredients
 * Basic pedagogy
 * Basic sociology
 * Evaluation of cosmetics
 * Aromatic substances
 * Toxicology
 * Electricity and machines
 * Basic economy and finances
 * Basic marketing and management
 * Laws and regulations at work
 * Basic commercial law
 * Diploma seminar
 * Diploma thesis
 * IT
 * Physical education
 * Practical training

title: Higher Medical School of Białystok


text:
Talk:Nacho King!

Untitled
from VfD:

A nacho kiosk franchise in the Philippines that again, has mastered the art of google bombing. Is an unkonwn nacho franchise notable enough for an encyclopedia? --Viriditas 11:42, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. Seems to be a legitimate company. It may only get sixty or so hits but please keep in mind that even a large company in the Philippines may not get as many hits as a small company in the US or UK. -JCarriker 12:33, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 18:45, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:08, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, promotional, no evidence of notability given. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:58, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Advertising. If it's a large company, that's ok, but the article here is an ad.  What is unique about this Nacho king, and isn't it Nacho King?  And how many other companies and food stands call themselves Nacho King, or Nacho Royale, or Nacho du Roi, or Nacho du Roi avec frommage?  Geogre 18:13, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The article should be located at Nacho King!, which is the company's actual name, and the company is a large company in the Phillapines. I'd move the article there, delete notice and all, and begin work on achieving NPOV but I'm not sure what the guidlines for that would be. -JCarriker 05:14, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * That's fine IMO.In fact I've done the move myself. The reason we have the five day delay is to give people the chance to improve articles so that they don't need to be deleted. Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 23:44, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 04:29, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Neutral. Just wanted to point out that it's 345 Google hits, and the company does seem to be large. I'm not sure where that places it in terms of notability. JCarriker makes a good point about large/small companies in Philippines/US/UK. func(talk) 01:43, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to go ahead and give this a relatively weak Keep. In its current state, it doesn't read like an advert, and it does seem large-ish, (as far as Text Mex/Philipino/Mall fast food joints seem to go). func(talk) 23:14, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Nacho nacho king. I want to be a nacho king. Delete. Gamaliel 19:10, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Ad-speak removed, and the language/political barrier does have an affect on the google test. Keep weird little company (Tex-Mex in the Philippines?) -- Cyrius|✎ 23:52, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Comments
This article has been substantially rewritten. The advert language about franchises has been removed and points about notability have been addressed. -JCarriker 23:06, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well in that case keep Theresa Knott (The torn steak) 23:40, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * keep: notable after additions. Whosyourjudas (talk) 23:51, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article contains sufficient evidence of its notability.  Acegikmo1 04:28, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not the most useful piece of info here, but no reason to delete (unless we need to conserve disk space or something). zoney ♣ talk 09:08, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

WP:FOOD Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Restaurants or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. You can find the related request for tagging here -- TinucherianBot (talk) 10:31, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nacho King!


text:
List of Boeing 737 operators

The list of Boeing 737 operators and owners lists both former and current operators of the aircraft.

==Operators by country ==

Military operators
Many countries operate the 737 passenger, BBJ and cargo variants in government or military applications. Users with 737s include:

title: List of Boeing 737 operators


text:
List of islands of Iran

This is a list of notable islands of Iran.

Persian Gulf

 * Inhabited

 * Bent
 * Buneh
 * Dara
 * Farsi
 * Faror
 * Farvargan
 * Hendorabi
 * Hengam
 * Hormuz
 * Jonobi
 * Kharg
 * Kish
 * Larak
 * Lavan
 * Minu
 * Qabre Nakhoda
 * Qeshm
 * Shidvar Island
 * Shif
 * Shomali
 * Sirri
 * Abu Musa
 * Greater Tunb
 * Lesser Tunb

 * Uninhabited

 * Farvargan (Lesser Farvar)
 * Shidvar
 * Abbasak
 * Sheif
 * Tahmadu (Jabrin)
 * Ommol-korm
 * Nakhiloo
 * Naaz islands
 * Om-e-Sile (Khan)
 * Germ
 * Bouneh
 * Dara
 * Ghabr-e-Nakhoda (Captain Grave)
 * Kharv
 * Mouliat
 * Se Dandun (Three Dents)
 * Motaf
 * Morghi
 * Cheraghi

Oman Sea

 * Devil's Island (Iran)

Caspian Sea

 * Ashuradeh Island

Inland islands
427 islands shared with Turkey and Azerbaijan, including:
 * Aras River
 * Khorameh
 * Buiduz
 * Pirwaltra
 * Gharebagh
 * Kasiri

 * Arvand Rud
 * Abadan Island
 * Minoo Island

 * Bakhtegan Lake
 * Menak Island

Tashk Lake is located at 29.7286°N, 53.5453°W
 * Tashk Lake
 * Gonban Island
 * Narges Island

 * Salt Lake (Dasht-e-Kavir)
 * Sargardan Island

Lake Urmia has 102 islands:
 * Lake Urmia

 * Aram Island
 * Arash Island
 * Ardeshir Island
 * Arezo Island
 * Ashk Island
 * Ashk-sar Island
 * Ashku Island
 * Atash Island
 * Azar Island
 * Azin Island
 * Bahram Island
 * Bard Island
 * Bardak Island
 * Bardin Island
 * Barzin Island
 * Bastu Island
 * Bon Island
 * Bon-ashk Island
 * Borz Island
 * Borzu Island
 * Bozorg-tappeh
 * Chak-tappeh Island
 * Cheshmeh-kenar Island
 * Dey Island
 * Gorz Island
 * Magh Island
 * Espir Island
 * Espirak Island
 * Espiru Island
 * Garivak Island
 * Gariveh Island
 * Gerdeh Island
 * Giv Island
 * Golgun Island
 * Iran-nezhad Island
 * Jo-darreh Island
 * Jovin Island
 * Jozar Island
 * Kabudan Island
 * Kafcheh-nok Island
 * Kaka'i-ye Bala Island
 * Kaka'i-ye Miyaneh Island
 * Kaka'i-ye Pa'in Island
 * Kalsnag Island
 * Kam Island
 * Kaman Island
 * Kameh Island
 * Karkas Island
 * Kaveh Island
 * Kenarak Island
 * Khersak Island
 * Kuchak-tappeh Island
 * Mahdis Island
 * Mahvar Island
 * Markid Island
 * Mehr Island
 * Mehrdad Island
 * Mehran Island
 * Meshkin Island
 * Meydan Island
 * Miyaneh Island
 * Nadid Island
 * Nahan Island
 * Nahid Island
 * Nahoft Island
 * Nakhoda Island
 * Navi Island
 * Naviyan Island
 * Omid Island
 * Panah Island
 * Penhan Island
 * Pishva Island
 * Sahran Island
 * Samani Island
 * Sangan Island
 * Sangu Island
 * Saricheh Island
 * Sepid Island
 * Shabdiz Island
 * Shahi Island
 * Shahin Island
 * Shamshiran Island
 * Shur-tappeh Island
 * Shush-tappeh Island
 * Siyahsang Island
 * Siyah-tappeh Island
 * Siyavash Island
 * Sohran Island
 * Sorkh Island
 * Sorush Island
 * Tak Island
 * Takht Island
 * Takhtan Island
 * Tanjak Island
 * Tanjeh Island
 * Tashbal Island
 * Tir Island
 * Tus Island
 * Zagh Island
 * Zarkaman Island
 * Zarkanak Island
 * Zar-tappeh Island
 * Zirabeh Island

title: List of islands of Iran


text:
Talk:Nimzowitsch Defence

Clarification
"3.exd5 Qxd5, followed by either 4.Nf3, seeking to gain time by attacking the queen with Nc3, but enabling Black to put pressure on White's centre with 4...Bg4 or 4...e5." I'm finding this sentence hard to grasp — feels like it should be "seeking to gain time _before_ attacking the queen" or perhaps "_then_ seeking to gain time by attacking the queen"? cf. this edit: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nimzowitsch_Defence&diff=next&oldid=164498084.

As a novice player, I'd like a second opinion before making the edit, though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Robert.sinton (talk • contribs) 23:05, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

 * If 4. Nc3 Black plays Qxd4 winning a pawn. So White defends it with 4. Nf3, *then* gains time by attacking the queen with 5. Nc3. 2A00:23C7:548F:C01:52A4:BE26:845B:5A8 (talk) 17:05, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

Misplaced content
Some of this stuff does not directly relate to the N. Defence and should me moved or merged to hypermodernism (chess). ---user:sonjaaa

Gates-Carlsen
Magnus Carlsen played 2...d5?! against Gates, not the solid and transpositional 2...e5, as the article erroneously states. http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-magnus-carlsen-chess-match-2014-1 Krakatoa (talk) 17:16, 27 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nimzowitsch Defence


text:
Talk:Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

Additions by 195.229.241.169
The latest additions by anonymous user 195.229.241.169 seem to be copyrighted from either here or here. If no one shows that the info is free to use in the next few days, I'm going to delete this added info.

 * Ding! Time's up. Deleting. . .   – Quadell (talk) (help)   20:56, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)

This is a pretty big stub :)

Edits by 128.189.192.97
A note about the edits of anonymous user 128.189.192.97: I have removed his/her injection of the naming of the Persian/Arabian Gulf and the dispute over the Islands. The Wikipedia Persian Gulf article itself has a disputed neutrality tag and there is no reason to drag that controversy into an article about Zayed. Furthermore, the blatant wording of this edit: " Iran's argument has always been based on historical facts" is clearly a POV. The article does not go into the merits of either claim to ownership of the islands, and the fact that Iran seized them from Sharjah's control is not disputed, even by Iran, and does not mean Iran admits "stealing" them. --A. S. A. 12:47, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

Additional “memorial and legacy” publication
I would like to add ‘Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital’ after the sentence ‘Sheikh Zayed Professorship of Cardiovascular Diseases at the Mayo Clinic.’ in the “Memorials and legacy” section. Here are my supporting references:

Semi-protected edit request on 2 August 2023
I would like to fix a small thing on the list of sons it says his wife were married since 2007 but actually 2005 and he is divorced with his former wife not currently. 31.215.222.170 (talk) 06:02, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Kpg  jhp  jm  06:33, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan


text:
Blackmar–Diemer Gambit

The Blackmar–Diemer Gambit (or BDG) is a chess opening characterized by the moves:
 * 1. d4 d5
 * 2. e4 dxe4
 * 3. Nc3

where White intends to follow up with f3, usually on the fourth move. White obtains a tempo and a half-open f-file in return for a pawn, and as with most gambits, White aims to achieve rapid and active posting of their pieces in order to rapidly build up an attack at the cost of the gambit pawn. It is one of the few gambits available to White after 1.d4.

History
The Blackmar–Diemer Gambit arose as a development of the earlier Blackmar Gambit, named after Armand Blackmar, a relatively little-known New Orleans player of the late 19th century who popularized its characteristic moves (1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.f3) and was the first player to publish analysis of the opening. The popularity of the original Blackmar Gambit, however, was short-lived, as it was basically unsound, allowing Black to secure a superior position after White's immediate 3.f3 with 3...e5!. In 1889, Ignatz von Popiel came up with the idea of 3.Nc3, though his main idea was to meet 3...Nf6 with 4.Bg5 (rather than the more usual 4.f3) and provided analysis of the Lemberger Counter-Gambit (3.Nc3 e5).

The evolved, modern form of this gambit owes much to the German master Emil Josef Diemer (1908–1990), who popularized the continuation 3.Nc3 Nf6 and then 4.f3 (when 4...e5? is ineffective as 5.dxe5 hits Black's knight, and after 5...Qxd1+ 6.Kxd1 the knight has to retreat to d7 or g8). The position resulting after 3... Nf6 4.f3 reflects the main line of the gambit accepted, although other Black responses on move three are possible. After many years of analysis, Diemer wrote a book on the opening in the late 1950s, titled Vom Ersten Zug An Auf Matt! (Toward Mate From The First Move!), with most of the published analysis devoted to the Ryder Gambit (and associated Halosar Trap), a double-pawn sacrifice characterized by the moves 4...exf3 5.Qxf3.

Assessment
This gambit is considered an aggressive opening, but its soundness continues to be the subject of much debate both on and off the chessboard. Dismissed by many masters on the one hand, and embraced enthusiastically by many amateurs on the other, many consider that Black has good chances of defending successfully and converting the extra pawn in the endgame, while theory suggests that Black has many ways to. As a result, this opening is almost never seen in top-level play, but enjoys a certain popularity among club players. Some titled players, including International Master Gary Lane, consider the opening to be suitable at the club level and for young and improving players. In one of his Keybooks, the Rev Tim Sawyer said, "Stop playing for the endgame, play to end the game! Be a winner. Play the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit!" On the other hand, Sam Collins (in his book Understanding the Chess Openings) noted the tendency for some Blackmar–Diemer fanatics to try to get the opening in every game, thus limiting their chess experience, and concluded, "Nobody who plays good chess plays this line, and nobody who plays good chess ever will." Other dismissive quotes include "playing the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit is like shopping for a tombstone" (Andrew Martin) and "To convince an adherent of the BDG that it is unsound, is like trying to convince a child that there is no Santa Claus." (Kevin Denny). As a result of the intense controversy surrounding the opening, much of the literature on the opening is lacking in objectivity.

GM Boris Avrukh has written that the gambit "may not be fully correct" but cautioned that he "was surprised at just how potent White's initiative could become". Although he was unable to fully refute the gambit and considered that Black faced a non-trivial defensive task, he felt that with correct play Black could emerge with good chances. GM Joe Gallagher wrote that he had "noticed a common trend among Blackmar–Diemer analysts; once there is no attack and the position looks rather balanced they tend to assess the game as =, forgetting the fact that they are a pawn down." Gallagher thought that the closely related Hübsch Gambit gave an equal game but that the Blackmar–Diemer provided "not really enough compensation" and there were "a number of areas where Black could fight for the advantage." Nevertheless, he cautioned that Black "inaccuracies can be swiftly punished" in the Blackmar–Diemer. IM John Cox wrote that the gambit was "objectively weak" but pragmatically recommended that Black should enter the Hübsch gambit instead of accepting the Blackmar–Diemer as "sod's law dictates that [the reader would meet the gambit] in the third Saturday game of a weekender, when few of us are at our sharpest tactically ... one slip sees you getting torched." IM Willy Hendriks notes that the main lines of the Blackmar–Diemer (1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.f3 exf3 5.Nxf3) and the King's Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3) have the same engine evaluation, and philosophically wonders whether the two might have swapped places in an alternative history.

Main variations
It is easy for Black to decline the gambit on the second move with 2...e6 (leading to a French Defence) or 2...c6 (leading to a Caro–Kann Defence), although doing so does not eliminate White's ability to offer alternative gambits such as the Diemer–Duhm Gambit (2...e6 3.c4) or the Alapin–Diemer Gambit (2...e6 3.Be3), or for instance 2...c6 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.f3 or 4.Bc4 intending 5.f3.

Main line
After 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.f3 exf3 5.Nxf3, Black has five main options:

Gunderam Defence: 5...Bf5
The line 5...Bf5 (along with most of the ...c6/...Bf5 defences for Black in general) was extensively analysed by Gerhart Gunderam, who published his analysis in a book Blackmar–Diemer Gambit in 1984. The main response for White is 6.Ne5, intending to attack the black bishop with an advance of the kingside pawns and, if appropriate, weaken Black's kingside pawn structure with Ne5xBg6. Black can respond with 6...e6, when after 7.g4, 7...Be4 leads to tremendous complications, e.g. after 8.Nxe4 Nxe4 9.Qf3 Qxd4 10.Qxf7+ Kd8 11.Qf4. More common is 7...Bg6, which leads to quieter play, when White's best response is probably 8.Bg2 c6 9.h4, with a sustained kingside initiative in return for the pawn. However, Black also has the option 6...c6 intending 7.g4 Be6, when White has to play accurately to prove enough compensation for the pawn after 8.g5 Nd5 or 8.Bc4 Nd5 9.Qe2 Nd7. White has an alternative in 6.Bd3, directly challenging the bishop, but Christoph Scheerer doubts that White gets enough compensation after 6...Bxd3 7.Qxd3 c6 intending ...e6, ...Nbd7, ...Be7 and ...0-0 with a solid position.

Teichmann Defence: 5...Bg4
The move 5...Bg4 pins the knight on f3, often with the intention of swapping it off and undermining White's central control. White's best response is to attack the bishop immediately with 6.h3, when play often continues 6...Bxf3 7.Qxf3 c6 (but not 7...Nc6, when 8.Bb5 is good for White). In this position, White can defend the attacked d-pawn with 8.Qf2 (the Ciesielski Variation), but this allows Black an easy game by preparing ...e7–e5, e.g. after 8...Nbd7 9.Bd3 e5. Alternatively, 8.Be3 is the Classical Variation, where White aims for a slow buildup to a kingside offensive. White's other main alternative is 8.g4!?, the Seidel–Hall Attack, where White is happy to sacrifice the d-pawn in order to gain an increased initiative on the kingside, e.g. after 8...Qxd4 9.Be3 Qe5 10.0-0-0 e6 11.g5. Black can decline the pawn, e.g. after 8...e6 9.g5 Nd5 10.Bd3, leading to sharp play. Alternatively, after 6.h3, Black can retreat the bishop with 6...Bh5 7.g4 Bg6 8.Ne5, a line which often transposes to the Gunderam Defence line 5...Bf5 6.Ne5 e6 7.g4 Bg6 after a subsequent h3–h4, as White's extra tempo with h3 is not particularly useful.

Euwe Defence: 5...e6
The 5...e6 line, analysed by Max Euwe, aims to reach a French Defence type position, but with Black having an extra pawn. Play usually continues 6.Bg5 Be7, when White's most popular option is 7.Bd3. Black can attack the centre immediately with 7...c5!? here, as recommended by Joe Gallagher and James Rizzitano. Play can continue 8.dxc5 Qa5 9.0-0 Qxc5+ 10.Kh1, when White has to play accurately to prove compensation for the pawn. Alternatively 7...Nc6 can be considered the main line of this variation, when 8.0-0 Nxd4 9.Kh1 is the notorious Zilbermints Gambit, sacrificing a second pawn in order to increase White's initiative. The Zilbermints Gambit has scored well in practice, but objectively it probably does not give White enough compensation for two pawns. However, the alternative 8.a3, despite the loss of time, offers White good compensation for the pawn, and White can also consider 8.Qd2, allowing the trade of the bishop on d3 but avoiding any loss of time. White's main alternative to 7.Bd3 is 7.Qd2, aiming to castle queenside and giving additional support to the d4-pawn, while aiming to launch a kingside offensive with Qd2–f4 and meeting ...h6 with a dangerous Bxh6 sacrifice. Play can continue 7...0-0 8.0-0-0 (8.Bd3 c5! is better for Black) 8...c5 9.Qf4!? cxd4 10.Rxd4 or 7...h6 8.Bh4 (8.Bf4 is also possible, aiming to keep the Bxh6 sacrifice possibility open, but allowing 8...Bb4 9.Bc4 Ne4) 8...Ne4 9.Nxe4 Bxh4+ 10.g3 Be7 11.Bg2, when White has some compensation for the pawn but the final verdict on the resulting positions is still yet to be reached.

Bogoljubov Defence: 5...g6
The Bogoljubov Defence was played by Diemer himself in a game against Bogoljubov. By fianchettoing the king's bishop Black aims to gain increased pressure against the d4-pawn following a subsequent ...c5. White's most common response is the Studier Attack, 6.Bc4 Bg7 7.0-0 0-0 8.Qe1, intending Qh4, Bh6 and piling pressure on the kingside, sacrificing pawns at d4 and c2 if appropriate. However, after Peter Leisebein's 8...Nc6 9.Qh4 Bg4!, it is doubtful if White obtains enough compensation for the pawn against accurate play. An alternative approach is to castle queenside, play Bh6 and then launch the h-pawn against the black kingside. The best way to carry out this approach is via 6.Bf4, as 6.Bg5 (as played by Bogoljubov in his game against Diemer) is well met by 6...Bg7 7.Qd2 0-0 8.0-0-0 c5!, when Black stands better. If Black tries the same approach against 6.Bf4, i.e. 6...Bg7 7.Qd2 0-0 8.0-0-0 c5, then 9.d5 a6 10.d6! gives White good chances.

Ziegler Defence: 5...c6
Black's most critical response to the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit is 5...c6, known as the Ziegler Defence due to Diemer's tendency to name lines after opponents that first played them against him, but most of the theory of the line was established by Gerhart Gunderam, who advocated 5...Bf5. Most modern authors recommend this as Black's antidote to the BDG, sometimes via O'Kelly's move order 4...c6. The old main line runs 6.Bc4 Bf5 7.0-0 e6 8.Ne5, when Black should avoid 8...Bxc2?! 9.Nxf7!, but instead play 8...Bg6!, when White ends up with very little to show for the lost pawn. More dangerous for Black is 8.Ng5, the Alchemy Variation, where Black has to be careful not to fall for various sacrifices on e6 and f7, but White probably does not get enough compensation for the pawn after 8...Bg6 9.Ne2 Bd6. German FIDE master Stefan Bücker regards Black as clearly better after 10.Nf4 Bxf4 11.Bxf4 0-0, but Christoph Scheerer believes that White can generate attacking chances with 12.c3 h6 13.Qg4!?. In view of White's problems proving compensation in these lines, ChessCafe.com reviewer Carsten Hansen concluded, "despite all the smoke and mirrors, the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit still isn't viable beyond club-level or rapid-play games". However, Lev Gutman proposed the alternative 7.Bg5 e6 8.Nh4!? Bg6 9.Nxg6 hxg6 10.Qd3, intending to castle queenside and tie Black down to the f7-pawn, promising long-term positional compensation for the pawn. There are currently insufficient practical tests to determine whether it amounts to enough compensation for the lost pawn. Black cannot easily deviate from this line, since after 7...Nbd7 White continues 8.Qe2 e6 9.0-0-0, aiming to launch a strong attack down the e- and f-files, and if 9...Bb4 then 10.d5!. If White tries to enter this setup after 7...e6 8.Qe2, however, then 8...Bb4! prevents White from safely castling queenside, leaving White with insufficient compensation for the pawn. White also has the dangerous, though probably objectively insufficient, second pawn sacrifice 7.g4, analysed extensively by Stefan Bücker. In the 5...c6 move order White has the alternative 6.Bd3, usually intending to sacrifice a second pawn after 6...Bg4 7.h3 Bxf3 8.Qxf3 Qxd4, leading to sharp complications, though Black can transpose back to the Classical Variation of the Teichmann Defence with 8...e6, since White's only good response is 9.Be3. Black can prevent this 6.Bd3 possibility by using O'Kelly's move order 4...c6.

Ryder Gambit: 5.Qxf3
Alternatively, White can offer a second pawn with 5.Qxf3. Gary Lane argued in 2000 that White has serious problems proving enough compensation for the sacrificed pawns after 5... Qxd4 6. Be3 Qg4 7.Qf2 e5. Black can also decline the pawn with 5...c6 or 5...e6, holding the position.

The Halosar Trap (named after Hermann Halosar) follows after 6... Qb4 7.0-0-0 Bg4? 8.Nb5! threatening mate with 9.Nxc7#. The black queen cannot capture the knight because 8...Qxb5 9.Bxb5+ is check, gaining time for the white queen to escape the threat from the bishop. The line continues 8...Na6 9. Qxb7 Qe4 (Black lost in Diemer–Halosar, Baden-Baden 1934, after 9...Rc8 10.Qxa6) 10. Qxa6 Qxe3+ (Worse is 10...Bxd1 11.Kxd1 Rd8+ 12.Bd2 and White is winning, for example 12...Ng4 13.Nxc7+ Kd7 14.Qxa7) 11. Kb1 Qc5 12. Nf3. Burgess wrote that "Although White has some advantage, Black has avoided instant loss".

O'Kelly Defence: 4...c6
Many sources recommend the O'Kelly Defence as a means of transposing to the Ziegler Defence while cutting out White's 6.Bd3 possibility, since White has nothing better than 5.Bc4, when 5...exf3 6.Nxf3 Bf5 transposes directly to the 6.Bc4 Bf5 variation of the Ziegler Defence. Alternatively, 5.Nxe4 is likely to land White in an inferior version of the Fantasy Variation of the Caro–Kann Defence, with equality at best in positions that may not attract Blackmar–Diemer players, 5.fxe4 e5! is good for Black and other bishop moves allow Black to achieve superior versions of standard Blackmar–Diemer Gambit variations. 4...c6 also has some independent value, for example Evgeny Bareev used the continuation 5.f3 b5!? in a game against Nigel Short, achieving a superior position after 6.Bb3 Be6 7.fxe4 b4 8.Nce2 Nxe4, but 8.Na4!? improves for White and may give sufficient compensation for the pawn. Black can also try 5...Bf5, when White must play accurately to prove enough compensation, but probably obtains sufficient play after 6.g4 Bg6 7.g5 Nd5 8.fxe4 Nxc3 9.bxc3.

Vienna Defence: 4...Bf5
The Vienna Defence was recommended by Matthias Wahls in his book Modernes Skandinavisch, where he saw it as a refutation of the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit. White can play for compensation for a pawn with 5.fxe4 Nxe4 6.Qf3, when both 6...Nxc3 and 6...Nd6 lead to complicated positions in which Black often tries to return a pawn on b7 in order to catch up on development, and in some cases secure a positional advantage. White often does best to continue with a gambit policy and simply continue developing. The main line runs 6...Nd6 7.Bf4 e6 8.0-0-0 c6 9.g4 Bg6 10.Qe3 Be7, when Black is solid, but White retains enough compensation for the pawn. Alternatively, 5.g4 aims to regain the pawn in most cases, e.g. after 5...Bg6 6.g5 Nd5 7.Nxe4 Nc6 8.Bb5 e6 9.Bxc6+ bxc6 10.Ne2 c5 11.dxc5 Nb4, when in a reversal of roles, White has an extra pawn but Black has the initiative and a superior pawn structure. White can use 5.g4 as a gambit option by continuing with 6.h4!?, which leads to sharp play and approximately equal chances.

Langeheinicke Defence: 4...e3
The push with 4...e3 is often used by strong players to avoid the complications arising from 4...exf3 5.Nxf3, but it is one of Black's weaker options against the Blackmar–Diemer as returning the pawn in this way does not significantly slow down White's initiative, and thus Black struggles to fully equalize in this line. In most lines White must seek to place a knight on f4 (taking the sting out of ...Nd5) in order to secure an advantage.

Lemberger Counter-Gambit: 3...e5
The Lemberger Counter-Gambit is an important alternative, where Black counterattacks against the d4-pawn instead of defending the attacked e4-pawn. White can head for a drawish endgame with 4.dxe5, e.g. 4...Qxd1+ 5.Kxd1 Nc6 6.Nxe4 Nxe5, or 5.Nxd1 Nc6 6.Bf4, with equality and few winning chances for either side. Since these positions typically do not attract gambiteers, White often chooses a riskier response in order to generate winning chances, such as 4.Qh5, 4.Nge2 or 4.Nxe4. Both 4.Qh5 and 4.Nge2 are well met by 4...Nc6!, when Black has good chances of obtaining an advantage, while against 4.Nxe4 the most critical continuation is 4...Qxd4, when White can continue with either 5.Qe2 or 5.Bd3, with complications and some compensation for the pawn in either case, but it is unclear if it is enough.

Other options for Black
3...f5 is an important option for Black, since 4.f3 is well met by 4...e5!, with some advantage for Black. Instead White does better to prevent ...e5 with 4.Bf4, and then obtain compensation for a pawn with a subsequent f3. 3...Bf5 is well met by 4.f3, and if 4...exf3 then 5.Qxf3 attacking the bishop (thus Black may be better off transposing to the Vienna Defence with 4...Nf6). 3...c6 and 3...e6 transpose to the Caro–Kann Defence and French Defence respectively, and in the former case White can continue in Blackmar–Diemer Gambit style with 4.f3 or 4.Bc4 intending 5.f3 (which often transposes to the O'Kelly Defence). After 3...e6, however, White cannot easily force a Blackmar–Diemer Gambit type position as 4.f3 Bb4 (which also comes up via the French Rubinstein Variation) is very bad for White.

Another option for White is to play the Veresov Opening moves – without 3.Bg5. If Black responds with the Alburt Defence after '''1. d4 d5 2. Nc3 Bf5 it can transpose into a type of BDG Zeller Defence after 3. e4 dxe4'''. A new line only recently mentioned in Tim Sawyer's Blackmar–Diemer Books 5 and 8, is the Torning Gambit which occurs after '''4. g4 Bg6 5. Qe2!?''' If Black gets greedy and captures 5...Qxd4, White gets a nice game after 6.Qb5+. Tim Sawyer's books mention several games played by Richard Torning who originally played this gambit in the 1980s. A trap is Richard Torning (1809) – amol52 (1424) [D00] (bullet 18.12.2016): 1.d4 d5 2.Nc3 Bf5 3.e4 dxe4 4.g4 Bg6 5.Qe2 Qxd4 6.Qb5+!? Qd7?? 7.Qxb7 Qc6 8.Qc8#.

Gary Danelishen, author of The Final Theory of Chess, posted analysis of the Torning Variation online.

Related gambit ideas
Since Black can sidestep the BDG in several ways, BDG adherents have developed related gambits:
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 c6 (the Caro–Kann Defence) 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.f3 was invented by Philip Stuart Milner-Barry in 1932 and 4.Bc4 Nf6 (or Bf5) 5.f3 by Heinrich Von Hennig in 1920 and thus are older than Diemer's idea.
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 e6 (the French Defense) 3.Be3 is the Alapin–Diemer Gambit; sometimes White plays the typical f2–f3 a bit later.
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 e6 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.f3 and 3...Nf6 4.Bg5 dxe4 5.f3 are very rare.
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.a3 Bxc3+ 5.bxc3 dxe4 6.f3 is the Winckelmann–Reimer Gambit.
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 e6 3.c4 is the Diemer-Duhm Gambit (with common continuation 3...dxe4 4.Nc3 Nf6 5.f3)
 * 1.d4 d5 2.e4 Nc6 (the Nimzowitsch Defence) 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.d5 may be followed by 5.f3 or 5.f4.
 * 1.d4 Nf6 2.f3 d5 (c5 may lead to a kind of Benoni) 3.e4 dxe4 4.Nc3 simply transposes.
 * 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3 d5 3.e4 Nxe4 is called the Hübsch Gambit.
 * 1.d4 d5 2.Nc3 Bf5 3.e4 dxe4 4.g4 Bg6 5.Qe2!? Torning Gambit
 * 1.d4 f5 2.e4 (the Staunton Gambit)
 * 1.f3 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 is the Gedult Gambit.
 * 1.e4 d5 2.d4 is also a surprising transposition against the Scandinavian Defense.
 * (as Black) 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 f6 4.exf6 Nxf6 is the Soller Gambit (a sub-variation of the Englund Gambit) where Black plays a reversed form of BDG.

The list is incomplete and transpositions abound.

title: Blackmar–Diemer Gambit


text:
Academy of Economics in Białystok

Academy of Economics in Białystok (Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Białymstoku, WSE) was opened on January 5, 1996. It is a non-governmental collegiate-level institution of higher education in the city of Białystok (wyższa uczelnia), one of several such institutions including the largest University of Białystok locally. The academy was ranked in 2008 by the Polish edition of Newsweek as best in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It offers bachelor's and master's degrees in three general fields of knowledge, as well as one-year postgraduate studies.

Organizational structure

 * Bachelor's and master's degree programmes
 * 1) Economy (Ekonomii)
 * 2) Work higene and safety (Bezpieczeństwa i Higieny Pracy)
 * 3) International relations (Stosunków Międzynarodowych)
 * Postgraduate studies
 * 1) Finances and accounting (Finansów i Rachunkowości)
 * 2) Statistical methods (Metod Ilościowych i Informatyki)
 * 3) Politics of economy (Polityki Ekonomicznej, Społecznej i Regionalnej)
 * 4) Management and marketing (Zarządzania, Marketingu i Prawa)
 * 5) Economic development (Zrównoważonego Rozwoju i Gospodarki Opartej na Wiedzy)
 * 6) Departments o Foreign languages & physical education (Studium Języków Obcych i Studium Wychowania Fizycznego)

title: Academy of Economics in Białystok


text:
User talk:0101LAUsm

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:0101LAUsm


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Ken Stimpson Academy

Ken Stimpson Academy is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form located in Peterborough in the English county of Cambridgeshire. The school is a Business & Enterprise specialist school.

History
Ken Stimpson Academy was founded as Ken Stimpson Community School in 1982, it was a tribute to Kenneth. W. Stimpson who was the Senior Area Education Officer between 1974 and 1979. In 2019, the school moved from a polo shirt-focused uniform to one with a tie, shirt and blazer.

The school closed as a Community School in August 2023 and reopened as Ken Stimpson Academy within the Four Cs MAT in September 2023

Expansion
In September 2018, the local council approved plans for the school to build a new two-storey teaching block and to expand some of the existing structures to accommodate a planned rise in capacity from 1014 pupils to 1650 pupils.

Community
Ken Stimpson Academy shares its site with a sports centre (which has a gym and a sports hall) and is home to the Werrington Library.

Subjects
The subjects that are taught at Ken Stimpson are:
 * Art
 * Business & Enterprise
 * Careers
 * Computing
 * Design And Technology
 * English
 * Humanities
 * Modern Foreign Languages
 * Mathematics
 * Physical Education
 * Performing Arts
 * Science

E-Safety Mark
In June 2015, Ken Stimpson received the 360 Degree Safe E-Safety mark by the South West Grid for Learning and was the first school in Peterborough to get this certification. According to the Accreditation 360 Degree Safe website, this demonstrates that the school shows good practice in their e-safety policies and procedures.

Ofsted Inspection
The school's (under its previous name) latest Ofsted inspection result was Requires Improvement.

title: Ken Stimpson Academy


text:
Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army

The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), originally called the North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), was a military formation of the United States Army that supervised all U.S. Army forces which fought in North Africa and Italy during World War II.

United States Army operations in the theater began with Operation Torch, when Allied forces landed on the beaches of northwest Africa on 8 November 1942, and concluded in the Italian Alps some 31 months later, with the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945. For administrative purposes, U.S. components were responsible to Headquarters North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), which was created 14 February 1943. NATOUSA was redesignated Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), on 26 October 1944.

Origins
Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ) was created on 12 September 1942 to launch Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa. At the time, this was within the boundaries of the European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA). The initial Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the Allied (Expeditionary) Force, was Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark was deputy commander-in-chief. As Supreme Allied Commander, Eisenhower controlled the ground forces through Major General George S. Patton Jr, Major General Lloyd R. Fredendall, and British Lieutenant-General Sir Kenneth Anderson. The naval forces were commanded by British Admiral Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham, and the air forces by Air Marshal Sir William Welsh and Brigadier General James H. Doolittle.

North African Theater of Operations
The North African Theater of Operations (NATO) included French Africa, Spain, Portugal and Italy. For administrative purposes, US forces were controlled by Headquarters North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), which was activated in Algiers on 4 February 1943. Eisenhower commanded both the Allied Force and NATOUSA. The boundaries of NATOUSA were not the same as those of the Allied theater, and included all of French North Africa, Spain, Portugal, Austria and Switzerland.

Brigadier General Everett S. Hughes, who had been responsible for the logistical planning of Operation Torch at ETOUSA, arrived in North Africa on 12 February 1943 to become the deputy theater commander and commanding general of the Communications Zone. The three base sections, the Atlantic Base Section at Casablanca, the Mediterranean Base Section at Oran and the Eastern Base Section at Constantine, became part of the Services of Supply, North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (SOS NATOUSA), commanded by Major General Thomas B. Larkin, which was responsible for the logistical support of U.S. Army forces in the Mediterranean.

British General Sir Harold Alexander became commander of the British 18th Army Group, which was activated on 19 February 1943, and was responsible for the detailed planning and preparation, and the actual conduct, of combat operations. In effect, Alexander was the ground commander. Air forces were grouped under the Mediterranean Air Command under Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder, which became active the day before. This included the US Ninth and Twelfth Air Forces.

For the Allied invasion of Sicily, Alexander was appointed Eisenhower's deputy commander in chief and responsible for ground warfare, while Cunningham and Tedder remained the naval and air commanders respectively. Having overseen the early stages of the Italian Campaign, Eisenhower left AFHQ on 8 January 1944 and returned to England to assume command of the forces assembling for Operation Overlord, codename for the Allied landings in Northwest Europe. He was succeeded as Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean by British General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers became Wilson's Deputy Supreme Commander and also the commanding general of NATOUSA.

Operation Dragoon, the Allied landings in Southern France, was conducted by the Mediterranean Theater. An advance echelon of SOS NATOUSA was organized in Italy and arrived at Dijon on 12 September to control the Delta Base Section and Continental Advance Section (CONAD). SOS NATOUSA became Communications Zone (COMZONE) NATOUSA on 1 October, Lieutenant General Joseph T. McNarney succeeded Devers as the Deputy Commander of NATOUSA on 22 October, allowing Devers to devote all his time and energy to running the 6th Army Group in France. The 6th Army Group was activated on 1 August, and it became operational in France on 15 September.

NATOUSA was redesignated Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), on 1 November 1944, and no longer had any responsibilities in Southern France. MTOUSA boundaries were considerably diminished (on the north) from those of NATOUSA, and U.S. Army forces in southern France passed to the administrative control of ETOUSA. The forces in Southern France had their own line of communications from MTOUSA, but by February 1945 the integration of the Southern Line of Communications (SOLOC) with ETO Communications Zone had progressed to the point where the SOLOC headquarters was superfluous, and SOLOC was abolished on 6 February 1945.

Wilson remained Supreme Allied Commander for just under a year, until 21 November 1944, when he was sent to Washington to head of the British Joint Staff Mission, a position rendered vacant by the death of Field Marshal Sir John Dill on 4 November 1944. Wilson was succeeded by Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, who remained until the end of the war.

Headquarters MTOUSA and General Headquarters CMF formally separated from AFHQ on 1 October 1945, leaving AFHQ to consist of a small interallied staff responsible for combined command liquidation activities and commanded by British Lieutenant General Sir William Duthie Morgan as Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean. AFHQ was abolished, effective 17 September 1947, by General Order 24, AFHQ, 16 September 1947. McNarney was succeeded as Deputy Theater Commander and Ccommanding general MTOUSA by Lieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgway, who in turned was succeeded in December 1945 by Lieutenant General John C. H. Lee, who commanded through 1946 and 1947.

The Africa-Middle East Theater of Operations was "established on March 1, 1945, was mainly concerned with the liquidation of the Army's property holdings and other interests in Africa, Palestine, and the Persian Gulf area. The North African installations of the Mediterranean Theater and its base commands at Casablanca were transferred to the new Theater in March 1945; the United States Army Forces in Liberia were transferred to it in April 1945." "The United States Army Forces in Liberia were subsequently under the North African Service Command, which was the former Mediterranean Base Section, at Casablanca. By 1946 all [the Town Commands] except the agency at Casablanca were discontinued."

Campaigns

 * Algeria-French Morocco (Allied invasion of French North Africa) 8–11 November 1942
 * Tunisia 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943
 * Sicily 9 July-17 August 1943
 * Naples-Foggia 18 August 1943 – 21 January 1944 (Air); 9 September 1943 – 21 January 1944 (Ground)
 * Anzio 22 January-24 May 1944
 * Rome-Arno 22 January-9 September 1944
 * Southern France 15 August-14 September 1944
 * Northern Apennines 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945
 * Po Valley 5 April-8 May 1945

A theater of operations
"The term 'theater of operations' was defined in the [American] field manuals as the land and sea areas to be invaded or defended, including areas necessary for administrative activities incident to the military operations (chart 12). In accordance with the experience of World War I, it was usually conceived of as a large land mass over which continuous operations would take place and was divided into two chief areas-the combat zone, or the area of active fighting, and the communications zone, or area required for administration of the theater. As the armies advanced, both these zones and the areas into which they were divided would shift forward to new geographic areas of control."


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title: User talk:212.85.5.19