text:
USS Pompon

USS Pompon (SS/SSR-267), a Gato-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the pompon, an American fish of the Anisot family.

Construction and commissioning
Pompon was laid down by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, on 26 November 1941; launched 15 August 1942, sponsored by Miss Katherine Mary Wolleson; and commissioned 17 March 1943.

Service history
On 5 April 1943 Pompon began her voyage down the Mississippi River to New Orleans in a floating drydock. Stores were loaded at New Orleans and she sailed for the Pacific.

First war patrol, July – August 1943
Pompon steamed from Brisbane, Australia on 10 July to conduct her first war patrol in the Truk area. Only a few days out, a Japanese submarine fired two torpedoes at her, both passing ahead. Besides patrolling off Truk, Pompon formed a scouting line with other submarines to cover 7th Fleet operations. On 25 July she seized the opportunity and torpedoed 5,871 ton cargo ship Thames Maru. In the same action two more attacks damaged a second transport and also a smaller transport. Numerous patrol boats and another enemy submarine were evaded, and Pompon returned to Brisbane 22 August.

Second war patrol, September – November 1943
Pompon departed Brisbane on 12 September 1943 for her second war patrol, en route to a patrol area in the South China Sea north of Singapore. On 16 September, she sighted an Allied Liberty ship in the Coral Sea 25 nmi east of Grafton Passage in the Great Barrier Reef at -16.58333°N, 146.75°W at 04:05. The ship altered course directly toward her and she submerged. After Pompon returned to the surface, she unsuccessfully attempted to exchange recognition signals with the ship, which opened gunfire on her at a range of 12,000 yd at 06:14. Pompon submerged again and suffered no damage.

After reaching her patrol area, Pompon made several unsuccessful attacks and experienced a near miss by a Japanese submarine. She returned to Fremantle, Australia on 5 November 1943 for supplies.

Third and fourth war patrols, November 1943 – April 1944
The third patrol began on 29 November and again took her to the China Sea area off French Indo-China. After running Balabac Strait, where two radio-equipped Japanese motor sampans were sunk by gunfire, Pompon mined waters southwest of Cochin China. After a five-day sortie into the Celebes Sea, Pompon returned to Darwin for fuel, ending her patrol on 28 January 1944.

On 22 February, Pompon departed on her fourth patrol, and operated in the vicinity of Halmahera Island. She launched four torpedoes at three small Japanese escort vessels, but they ran under their targets due to the escorts' shallow draft. A contact was made in Roeang Passage, but upon closing, it proved to be a hospital ship. She made no further contacts and proceeded to Pearl Harbor via Ascension and Midway, arriving 10 April.

Fifth war patrol, May – June 1944
After a refit and four days training, Pompon was again ready for sea. She departed Pearl Harbor on 6 May 1944 for a patrol off the coasts of Kyūshū, Shikoku, and Honshū. On 30 May she contacted a 742-ton cargo ship off Muroto Zaki. A submerged attack resulted in a hit directly under the rising sun flag amidships, breaking the ship in two. The Shiga Maru immediately sank. For the next seven hours Pompon was the target for five Japanese escorts and a portion of the air force, but she managed to crawl away from the scene at deep submergence. After covering the Tokyo Bay approaches for the Battle for Saipan, Pompon returned to Midway 25 June.

Sixth war patrol, July – September 1944
On 19 July Pompon departed on her sixth and most successful patrol. Operating from the eastern coast of Honshū to the Sea of Okhotsk, she sank a 300-ton armed trawler with gunfire. Then on 12 August she spotted a Japanese convoy off the coast of Russian Sakhalin. In the wild night surface action which followed an 8,000-ton tanker was badly damaged by two torpedoes, 2,718-ton transport Mikage Maru No. 20 was sunk, and a hit was possibly obtained on one of two hotly pursuing escort vessels. During this melee Pompon was almost sunk by one of her own torpedoes. While she was surfaced, with the enemy bearing down, one of her own "fish" perversely circled and just missed the stern. She was driven down by gunfire and then depth charged, but managed to escape without damage. She returned to Pearl Harbor 3 September for onward routing to San Francisco Bay for modernization and overhaul conducted at the Mare Island Navy Yard.

Seventh war patrol, December 1944 – February 1945
By 13 December the veteran submarine was again at sea. En route to Majuro she picked up a Filipino who had been drifting in a broken down motor launch for 45 days. On 6 January 1945 she departed Majuro as a part of a wolf pack, for a patrol in the Yellow Sea. On 28 January she contacted a three ship convoy with four escorts off Kokuzan To. With USS Spadefish (SS-411) in contact, the Pompon made two submerged night approaches only to have the alert escorts drive her off each time. While two escorts pinned her down astern of the convoy, Spadefish slipped in on the disengaged side and sank two of the ships and one of the escorts. Pompon surfaced in time to watch the sinkings and gave chase to the one remaining ship. Again she was deterred from attack by gunfire and a trailing escort.

The next morning, while making a morning trim dive, the conning tower hatch failed. Before the dive could be halted the ship had reached a depth of 44 ft, partially flooding the conning tower and control room, and completely flooding the pump room. Pompon crept homeward, having to run awash until the blower could be partially restored. While struggling along in this condition, she blundered into an enemy convoy and was sighted. The escorts forced her to dive despite her dangerous condition, but she miraculously escaped. USS Pogy (SS-266) found her one day out of Midway and led her in on 11 February.

Eighth and ninth war patrols, March – July 1945
Repairs completed, Pompon departed Midway 30 March for her eighth patrol area along the coasts of China and Formosa. Her only contacts, a motor sampan, a hospital ship, and 106 planes, provided excellent diving experience, but poor hunting. Ten survivors from a downed PBM were taken from USS Ray (SS-271) for transportation to Guam, where Pompon arrived 24 May.

During her ninth, and last, war patrol from 18 June to 22 July, she operated as a lifeguard in the Truk area. There were no ship contacts and few plane contacts. She was at Guam when the news of the war's end came. On 22 August she began her homeward voyage, arriving at New Orleans on 19 September.

Post-war service as radar picket
On 11 May 1946 Pompon was decommissioned and placed in the U.S. Atlantic Reserve Fleet, New London. On 15 June 1953 she recommissioned as SSR-267, after being converted to the latest type radar picket submarine.

After a shakedown cruise to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, she reported to her new home port at Norfolk, Va. In November she departed for the Mediterranean where she operated with the 6th Fleet until 4 February 1954. In January 1955 she again left the Virginia Capes area, this time for the Caribbean, returning in March. Pompon returned to the Caribbean in February 1956. From 6 July to 3 October she operated in the Mediterranean.

During September and October 1957 Pompon participated in the large scale NATO exercise "Strikeback", visiting the Clyde River, Scotland; Le Havre, France; and Portland, England. She continued to operate in the Atlantic and Caribbean until 17 June 1958 when she entered the Mediterranean, remaining there until September. Returning to Norfolk, she then operated off the east coast until placed in commission in reserve at Charleston 2 February 1959.

Decommissioning and disposal
Following decommissioning Pompon was struck from the Navy List 1 April 1960, and was sold to Commercial Metals Company for scrap on 25 November 1960.

Honors and awards
Pompon earned four battle stars for World War II service.

Commemoration
One of Pompon′s propellers can be seen today on the river walk in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. It is one block north of the Torpedo Factory Art Center on a concrete slab in the water of the Potomac River.

title: USS Pompon


text: Talk:Underdog Victorious

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Underdog Victorious


text:
Rocha Department

Rocha is a department in the east of Uruguay. Its capital is the city of Rocha. It borders Maldonado Department to its west, Lavalleja Department to its northwest, Treinta y Tres Department to its north, while to its northeast Laguna Merín forms part of its border with Brazil and at the south end of the lake it also borders the southernmost end of Brazil, with the city of Chuy "shared" between both countries, the border passing through its main commercial avenue.

Rocha has natural beauties like Cabo Polonio, Valizas, Santa Teresa National Park. It is well known for its beach resorts, like Punta del Diablo or La Esmeralda, which swell with visitors during the summer holidays. Inland, the primary economy of Rocha is based on large cattle ranches.

History
On 7 July 1880, the department of Rocha was formed from territory that had belonged to the department of Maldonado since the first division of the Republic in departments in 1819.

Population and Demographics
As of the census of 2011, Rocha Department had a population of 68,088 (33,269 male and 34,819 female) and 46,071 households.

Demographic data for Rocha Department in 2010: 2010 Data Source:
 * Population growth rate: -0.082%
 * Birth Rate: 14.04 births/1,000 people
 * Death Rate: 10.44 deaths/1,000 people
 * Average age: 35.0 (34.0 male, 36.0 female)
 * Life Expectancy at Birth:
 * Total population: 75.82 years
 * Male: 72.17 years
 * Female: 79.43 years
 * Average per household income: 19,978 pesos/month
 * Urban per capita income: 8,635 pesos/month

Main Urban Centres
Population stated as per 2011 census.

Other towns and villages
Population stated as per 2011 census.

Rural population
According to the 2011 census, Rocha department has an additional rural population of 4,146.

In literature
Rocha department features in Carlos Maria Dominguez's 2004 novel Casa de Papel (trs English, 2005, The House of Paper). The narrator visits the ruins of a house of books ergo, 'house of paper', which had been built and then destroyed by an obsessive book collector on the sand spit separating Rocha lagoon from the ocean.

title: Rocha Department


text:
Wannier function

The Wannier functions are a complete set of orthogonal functions used in solid-state physics. They were introduced by Gregory Wannier in 1937. Wannier functions are the localized molecular orbitals of crystalline systems.

The Wannier functions for different lattice sites in a crystal are orthogonal, allowing a convenient basis for the expansion of electron states in certain regimes. Wannier functions have found widespread use, for example, in the analysis of binding forces acting on electrons.

Definition

Although, like localized molecular orbitals, Wannier functions can be chosen in many different ways, the original, simplest, and most common definition in solid-state physics is as follows. Choose a single band in a perfect crystal, and denote its Bloch states by
 * $$\psi_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathbf{r}) = e^{i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{r}}u_\mathbf{k}(\mathbf{r})$$

where uk(r) has the same periodicity as the crystal. Then the Wannier functions are defined by
 * $$\phi_{\mathbf{R}}(\mathbf{r}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \sum_{\mathbf{k}} e^{-i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{R}} \psi_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathbf{r})$$,

where
 * R is any lattice vector (i.e., there is one Wannier function for each Bravais lattice vector);
 * N is the number of primitive cells in the crystal;
 * The sum on k includes all the values of k in the Brillouin zone (or any other primitive cell of the reciprocal lattice) that are consistent with periodic boundary conditions on the crystal. This includes N different values of k, spread out uniformly through the Brillouin zone. Since N is usually very large, the sum can be written as an integral according to the replacement rule:
 * $$\sum_{\mathbf{k}} \longrightarrow \frac{N}{\Omega} \int_\text{BZ} d^3\mathbf{k}$$

where "BZ" denotes the Brillouin zone, which has volume Ω.

Properties
On the basis of this definition, the following properties can be proven to hold:

 * For any lattice vector  R' ,
 * $$\phi_{\mathbf{R}}(\mathbf{r}) = \phi_{\mathbf{R}+\mathbf{R}'}(\mathbf{r}+\mathbf{R}')$$

In other words, a Wannier function only depends on the quantity (r − R). As a result, these functions are often written in the alternative notation
 * $$\phi(\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}) := \phi_{\mathbf{R}}(\mathbf{r})$$

 * The Bloch functions can be written in terms of Wannier functions as follows:
 * $$\psi_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathbf{r}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \sum_{\mathbf{R}} e^{i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{R}} \phi_{\mathbf{R}}(\mathbf{r})$$,

where the sum is over each lattice vector R in the crystal.

 * The set of wavefunctions $$\phi_{\mathbf{R}}$$ is an orthonormal basis for the band in question.
 * $$\begin{align}

\int_\text{crystal} \phi_{\mathbf{R}}(\mathbf{r})^* \phi_{\mathbf{R'}}(\mathbf{r}) d^3\mathbf{r} & = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\mathbf{k,k'}}\int_\text{crystal} e^{i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{R}} \psi_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathbf{r})^*  e^{-i\mathbf{k'}\cdot\mathbf{R'}} \psi_{\mathbf{k'}}(\mathbf{r}) d^3\mathbf{r} \\ & = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\mathbf{k,k'}} e^{i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{R}} e^{-i\mathbf{k'}\cdot\mathbf{R'}} \delta_{\mathbf{k,k'}} \\ & = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\mathbf{k}} e^{i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{(R-R')}} \\ & =\delta_{\mathbf{R,R'}} \end{align} $$

Wannier functions have been extended to nearly periodic potentials as well.

Localization
The Bloch states ψk(r) are defined as the eigenfunctions of a particular Hamiltonian, and are therefore defined only up to an overall phase. By applying a phase transformation eiθ(k) to the functions ψk(r), for any (real) function θ(k), one arrives at an equally valid choice. While the change has no consequences for the properties of the Bloch states, the corresponding Wannier functions are significantly changed by this transformation.

One therefore uses the freedom to choose the phases of the Bloch states in order to give the most convenient set of Wannier functions. In practice, this is usually the maximally-localized set, in which the Wannier function $ϕ_{R}$ is localized around the point R and rapidly goes to zero away from R. For the one-dimensional case, it has been proved by Kohn that there is always a unique choice that gives these properties (subject to certain symmetries). This consequently applies to any separable potential in higher dimensions; the general conditions are not established, and are the subject of ongoing research.

A Pipek-Mezey style localization scheme has also been recently proposed for obtaining Wannier functions. Contrary to the maximally localized Wannier functions (which are an application of the Foster-Boys scheme to crystalline systems), the Pipek-Mezey Wannier functions do not mix σ and π orbitals.

Rigorous results
The existence of exponentially localized Wannier functions in insulators was proved mathematically in 2006.

Modern theory of polarization
Wannier functions have recently found application in describing the polarization in crystals, for example, ferroelectrics. The modern theory of polarization is pioneered by Raffaele Resta and David Vanderbilt. See for example, Berghold, and Nakhmanson, and a power-point introduction by Vanderbilt. The polarization per unit cell in a solid can be defined as the dipole moment of the Wannier charge density:
 * $$\mathbf{p_c} = -e \sum_n \int\ d^3 r \,\, \mathbf{r} |W_n(\mathbf{r})|^2 \, $$

where the summation is over the occupied bands, and Wn is the Wannier function localized in the cell for band n. The change in polarization during a continuous physical process is the time derivative of the polarization and also can be formulated in terms of the Berry phase of the occupied Bloch states.

Wannier interpolation
Wannier functions are often used to interpolate bandstructures calculated ab initio on a coarse grid of k-points to any arbitrary k-point. This is particularly useful for evaluation of Brillouin-zone integrals on dense grids and searching of Weyl points, and also taking derivatives in the k-space. This approach is similar in spirit to the tight binding approximation, but in contrast allows for an exact description of bands in a certain energy range. Wannier interpolation schemes have been derived for spectral properties, anomalous Hall conductivity, orbital magnetization, thermoelectric and electronic transport properties, gyrotropic effects, shift current, spin Hall conductivity and other effects.

title: Wannier function


text:
The Clink

The Clink was a prison in Southwark, England, which operated from the 12th century until 1780. The prison served the Liberty of the Clink, a local manor area owned by the Bishop of Winchester rather than by the reigning monarch. As the Liberty owner, the Bishop kept all revenues from the Clink Liberty, and could put people in prison for failing to make their payments. As the Bishop, he could also imprison heretics. The Clink prison was situated next to the Bishop's London-area residence of Winchester Palace. The Clink was possibly the oldest men's prison and probably the oldest women's prison in England.

It is uncertain whether the name of the prison derived from, or was bestowed on, the Liberty that it served. The origins of the name "The Clink" are possibly onomatopoeic, deriving from the sound of striking metal as the prison doors were bolted, or the rattling of the chains the prisoners wore.

The name has become slang as a generic term for prison or a jail cell.

History

There had been a prison owned by the Bishop of Winchester in one form or another since the year 860, although at that time it would only have been one cell in a priests' college. By 1076 an archbishop had several types of punishment allowed: scourging with rods; solitary confinement; and bread and water in silence.

The Bishop of Winchester, whose diocese was located in Hampshire on the southern coast of England, ordered the construction of the Winchester Palace chapel and mansion at the Southwark site to serve as a residence close to his London governmental duties, sometime after the acquisition of the manor territory between 1144 and 1149.

The prison was any number of structures within the mansion's area whereby the local miscreants were kept to await trial. The higher status of some of its internees was solely due to the importance of the Bishop of Winchester as a senior member of the king's government, usually as Lord Chancellor, who could also put to trial in his ecclesiastic court those accused of heresy and other religious offences.

As the gaolers were very poorly paid, they found other ways to supplement their income. This meant that prisoners with money and friends on the outside were able to pay the gaolers to make their time better. The gaolers hired out rooms, beds, bedding, candles and fuel to those who could afford it. Food and drink were charged at twice the outside price. They accepted payments for fitting lighter irons and for removing them completely. For a fee, prisoners would be allowed outside to beg or even to work. Madams were allowed to keep a brothel going, with payments going to the gaolers. Poorer prisoners had to beg at the grates that led up to street level and sell anything they had with them, including their clothes, to pay for food.

Winchester House was raided by rioters protesting the Statute of Labourers in 1450. Classing clerics as tax collectors, they murdered them and released prisoners from the Clink before burning it down. The rebellion was put down and Winchester House was rebuilt and extended, including a new prison.

Originally, most of the prisoners had been those who had broken the rules of the Liberty, but by the 16th century, it had become largely a prison for actual or supposed heretics who held contrary views to the bishops. The Marian martyrs John Bradford and John Hooper were amongst the inmates. In later years it was mainly a debtors' prison.

Decline
In 1649 Winchester House was sold to a property developer and was divided into shops, tenements and dye houses. The Cage was removed temporarily as taxpayers had complained about the cost of upkeep, but the whipping post was still busy. By 1707 both of these and the stocks were all unused because of the cost of upkeep, and by 1732 there were only two registered inmates. In 1745 a temporary prison was used, as the Clink was too decayed to use, but by 1776 the prison was again taking in debtors. It was burnt down in 1780 by Gordon rioters, and was never rebuilt.

Today
The Clink Prison Museum exhibition is located on Clink Street, near to the original site, at Bankside, Southwark. The Clink Prison Museum tries to recreate the conditions of the original prison.

English Catholics

 * Father Laurence Vaux ~ 1581–1585 priest, catechism author
 * William Alabaster ~ 1597, poet and playwright.
 * Father John Gerard, S.J. ~1594–1597
 * Father John Jones OFM ~1596–1598.
 * Father George Blackwell ~1607–1613
 * Matthew Wilson, alias Edward Knott, Jesuit author. 1629–1633

English Protestants

 * John Lothropp
 * Anne Askew

title: The Clink


text:
Seaburn

Seaburn is a seaside resort and northeastern suburb of Sunderland, North East England. The village of Whitburn borders the area to the north. To the west and south-west is Fulwell and to the south the coastal resort of Roker.

Virtually all of Seaburn consists of low-density private housing interspersed with open parkland, laid out in the middle of the 20th century. Much of the housing is amongst the most expensive in Sunderland, with many large mansion houses situated along the coast, and on adjoining streets.

The seafront is home to a sandy blue flag beach, seaside promenades, two amusement arcades, children's playgrounds, fish and chip shops, small guest houses and two 4 star hotels, The Grand Hotel and the Seaburn Inn. The main shopping street is Sea Road, which runs from the seafront up through Fulwell to the Seaburn Metro station.

The area around Queens Parade hosts a 'strip' of restaurants, with three Italian, two Indian and two Chinese restaurants in operation as of 2009. Also trading are several pubs and coffee shops. In the late 1980s, the old Seaburn Hall site was redeveloped, with a Morrisons supermarket, new amusement park and leisure and fitness centre. Previously, Seaburn Hall had been a dance hall and live music venue. It was built in 1939 as part of a development scheme which also included the seafront and a funfair.

Seaburn was a favourite place of the painter L. S. Lowry. A large Lowry painting is displayed in the local Morrisons supermarket.

The area was close to the Sunderland A.F.C. stadium Roker Park and was the origin of the hooligan firm the Seaburn Casuals.

The Sunderland International Airshow was held on the coast at Seaburn and Roker and was the largest free event of its kind in Europe, with a variety of aircraft, civilian and military aircraft on display.

On the Tyne and Wear Metro Seaburn is served by its own station.

The suburb is part of the Fulwell ward on Sunderland City Council, and is represented by three Conservative councillors.

title: Seaburn


text: User talk:67.101.159.64

title: User talk:67.101.159.64


text: Talk:Peace be upon him

title: Talk:Peace be upon him


text:
All (Descendents album)

All is the fourth album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1987 through SST Records. It was the band's first album with bassist Karl Alvarez and guitarist Stephen Egerton, who brought new songwriting ideas to the group. The album is titled after the concept of "All" invented by drummer Bill Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion in 1980. Based on the goals of achieving "the total extent" and "to not settle for some, to always go for All", the philosophy was the subject of the one-second title track, the two-second "No, All!", and "All-O-Gistics".

All marked the end of the Descendents' original run. Following two tours of the United States to promote the album, singer Milo Aukerman left the group to pursue a career in biochemistry. The band was relaunched under the new name All, and released eight albums with other singers between 1988 and 1995, before reuniting with Aukerman under the Descendents name.

Background
Following the Descendents' summer 1986 tour in support of their third album, Enjoy!, guitarist Ray Cooper and bassist Doug Carrion left the band. Seeking a new bassist, drummer Bill Stevenson contacted a musician he knew in Boise, Idaho. The musician declined but suggested Salt Lake City native Karl Alvarez, whose band the Bad Yodelers was staying with him at the time while on tour. Stevenson had met Alvarez in 1984 while touring with Black Flag, and invited him to try out with the Descendents. Packing all his belongings in a garbage bag, Alvarez took a train from Salt Lake City to Los Angeles and began rehearsing with Stevenson. According to singer Milo Aukerman, Alvarez and Stevenson "just locked in completely." "I think Billy and I had a certain connection," recalled Alvarez, "but I can't help but think 'Well, yeah, because I practiced bass to his records.

Guitarist Stephen Egerton called to congratulate Alvarez on joining the Descendents; the two had been friends since 1976, learned to play guitar together, had played in the Salt Lake City hardcore punk band Massacre Guys, and were both big Descendents fans. Knowing the band needed a guitarist, Alvarez recommended Egerton, who was living in Washington, D.C. at the time. Stevenson also knew Egerton through touring; Egerton had been a tour promoter for Black Flag and the Minutemen when they had played Salt Lake City in 1984. Egerton came to Los Angeles and practiced with the band for a few days, officially joining on Stevenson's birthday of September 10. After settling his affairs in Washington, D.C., he moved to Los Angeles that October. He and Alvarez moved into the Descendents' headquarters, a storefront along the Pacific Coast Highway in Lomita, California that housed the band's living quarters, practice space, and office. Egerton later recalled:

"For me, meeting Bill, beyond my massive love for the Descendents' music, was my massive love for Black Flag's music, and he had been in both. So the idea that it was Karl, my oldest friend, and I joining this band that was so huge to us, it was like living on a cloud. We were like 'Uh, what just happened? Uh, we just joined the Descendents. This is gnarly.'"

After practicing for a few weeks, the Descendents headed out on the second Enjoy! tour from late November 1986 to mid-January 1987, playing small shows for little money and sleeping on people's floors. "Those first tours were very grueling in the way that it is when you're not used to it", recalled Alvarez. On their return to Los Angeles they began writing songs for the band's next album.

Writing
As with previous Descendents albums, all four band members contributed to the songwriting of the new record. With their shared history and eclectic musical tastes, Alvarez and Egerton brought new ideas to the band. "We already had a kind of highly evolved vocabulary of licks and riffs", recalled Alvarez. Egerton remembered "What was interesting about putting that band together at that time was that there were two already functioning chemistries that existed: Milo and Bill, and me and Karl." "They had all these really cool experimental, instrumental deals going", recalled Aukerman. "Stephen came in with these crazy songs, this kind of King Crimson-eque thing, and I was like 'ooh, okay.

Alvarez wrote "Coolidge", which deals with a failed relationship and the realization that "I'm not a cool guy anymore, as if I ever was before". "That's proven to be one of our identifying songs", said Stevenson 26 years later, "Here he is, new to the band, he walks in and writes one of the songs that would define us." Egerton's contributions were primarily instrumental; he wrote the music for "Impressions", "Iceman", "All-O-Gistics", and "Schizophrenia", and co-wrote the music for "Van" and "Uranus". "Stephen harnessed the job of trying to expand some of the melodic boundaries", said Stevenson. "He would kind of come up with what I would call the nasty chords."

Stevenson's "Clean Sheets" and he and Aukerman's "Pep Talk" also dealt with themes of broken relationships. According to Stevenson, the chorus of "Clean Sheets" came to him fully formed one morning as he was waking up: Even though you'll never come clean, you know it's true / Those sheets are dirty, and so are you', that was a complete thought: a melody, lyrics, and chords in my head. The way you hear it on the record, I heard that when I woke up. I didn't strum around or plink around, it was just like 'Oh, that's Clean Sheets'. It's done." Aukerman's lyrics for "Iceman" were loosely based on the 1946 play The Iceman Cometh by Eugene O'Neill.

The album was titled after the concept of "All", which Stevenson and his friend Pat McCuistion had invented during a fishing trip on Stevenson's boat Orca in 1980. According to Aukerman, "While drinking all this coffee in the midst of catching mackerel they came up with the concept of All — doing the utmost, achieving the utmost. The more they got into it the more it turned into their own religion; it's partly humor, but it's also an outlook on how to conduct your life: to not settle for some, to always go for All." Stevenson described the concept of "All" as "the total extent", and he and McCuistion had quickly written several short songs "in a fit of Allular frustration", two of which were recorded for All: "All" and "No, All!". "The songs were only seconds long, but that was all the time we needed to make the point", he said. McCuistion also shared writing credit on "All-O-Gistics", a musical set of commandments for achieving All, such as "Thou shalt not commit adulthood", "Thou shalt not partake of decaf", and "Thou shalt not suppress flatulence". "Stephen had those chords, and I wrote my own religion for his chords", said Stevenson.

Recording, artwork, and release
All was recorded in January 1987 at Radio Tokyo studios in Venice, Los Angeles with recording engineer Richard Andrews, who had recorded Enjoy! Stevenson served as record producer, and later said that of the Descendents' first five studio albums he felt only Milo Goes to College (1982) came closer than All to authentically capturing the band's sound. Dez Cadena of Black Flag and the DC3 sang backing vocals on the album. Stevenson created the cover graphics, while Alvarez provided illustrations for the sleeve and liner notes. One of Alvarez's illustrations was of the "Bassmaster General", a character previously mentioned in the Enjoy! song "Kids" who again turns up in the lyrics of "All-O-Gistics" as a higher power guiding the band in their quest for All.

The Descendents' previous albums had been released through New Alliance Records; however, following the death of label co-founder D. Boon New Alliance was sold to SST Records in 1987. SST released All and also re-released all of the Descendents' previous albums. All was released as an 11-song LP and a 13-song cassette and CD, the latter two containing the additional tracks "Jealous of the World" and "Uranus".

Supporting tours and Aukerman's departure
The band supported the album with a 60-day spring 1987 tour from mid-February to mid-April that took them through the Southwestern and Southern United States, up the East Coast, into Canada to Montreal and Hamilton, then snaking westward through the Northern and Central United States before making their way northwest to Calgary and Vancouver, and finally down the West Coast of the United States back to Los Angeles; covering 29 states and 4 Canadian provinces with a total of 44 shows in 41 cities. This was followed by the 50-day summer "FinALL" tour from mid-May through the end of July, following much the same route and covering 28 states and 2 provinces, with 47 shows in 44 cities. Recordings of the band's performances on April 9 at Berkeley Square in Berkeley, California and July 13 at First Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota were released as the live albums Liveage! (1987) and Hallraker: Live! (1989).

The "FinALL" tour was so-called due to Aukerman's decision to leave the band to pursue postgraduate education in microbiology. "The band was fun, but I hadn't achieved All, basically, in music or in science, and I had the opportunity to go try to achieve All more in science, and I decided to take that opportunity", he later reflected, adding that he had always considered music a hobby and science as his career, and "the more the music started to seem like a career, the less I seemed to like it. In '87 I left the band and we did the final tour. There wasn't one of these things like 'Well, I'm gonna do this for a while and come back to the band.' It was more like 'I'm embarking on my life's career to do this. "I toured him to death," said Stevenson. "We did all those tours in a row and he's like 'I gotta go focus on my studies and do something real.' I mean, we were making five or ten dollars per day in our pocket and that's it. We had nowhere to live, and you could see where a guy with the kind of brainpower he has would say 'You know what? I don't have to sleep next to Bill's drum set in the practice room.

With Aukerman's departure announced in advance, Stevenson took the opportunity to relaunch the band afresh under the name All with singer Dave Smalley, formerly of the Washington, D.C. hardcore band Dag Nasty, meaning for the new band to be the complete fulfillment of the "All" concept. "I've been wanting to change the name of the band to ALL for eight years", he said during the FinALL tour, adding that it would not feel right to continue as the Descendents without Aukerman and that he wished to shelve the name in case he and Aukerman should wish to use it again at some point. On December 16, 1987, during the recording of the first All album Allroy Sez, Pat McCuistion died when his fishing boat sank during a storm. Stevenson remarked that "He had 15,000 pounds of fish onboard, so I guess you could say he died in heated pursuit of All. He was always the '5th member' of the band, besides being my best friend, next to Milo." With Smalley and later singers Scott Reynolds and the Chad Price, All released eight albums between 1988 and 1995, with Aukerman contributing occasional songwriting and backing vocals. In 1995 Aukerman would return to record Everything Sucks with the band under the Descendents name.

Reception
Mike DaRonco of AllMusic wrote: "With this record, not only are they forgiven for the bad spots to be found on here — it's not like they can't be skipped over — but their last release (Enjoy!) will be forgotten." He remarked that the relationship-themed songs "prove that the most creative music comes out of personal tragedy" and called it a felony that "Pep Talk" was not included on the band's 1991 "best of" compilation Somery. By contrast, DaRonco's colleague Jason Ankeny referred to All as "lackluster" in his biography of the band. Jenny Eliscu of Rolling Stone praised several of the album's songs as being among the Descendents' best work: "All is often underrated because of the strange pseudo-arty instrumental tracks on its second half; nonetheless, the album features three of the band's best songs, 'Cameage', 'Coolidge', and 'Clean Sheets'. The subjects are perennial, but [the band's] sophistication as lyricist[s] has grown. 'Coolidge' is about accepting one's uncoolness, and 'Clean Sheets' talks of being forced to sleep on the floor after a lover's infidelity sullies the sheets."

Cover versions
In the decades since its release, several artists have recorded cover versions of songs from All for other releases. Swedish punk band Millencolin covered "Coolidge" on their Skauch EP (1994). For the Descendents tribute album Homage: Lots of Bands Doing Descendents' Songs (1995), Garden Variety covered "Clean Sheets", Parasites covered "Pep Talk", Peepshow covered "Coolidge", the Teen Idols covered "Cameage", and Meatjack covered "Iceman". For Milo Turns 50: Songs of the Descendents (2013), The Henry Clay People covered "Clean Sheets", Yacht covered "All" and Beatsteaks covered "Clean Sheets".

Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.

Band
 * Karl Alvarez – bass guitar, drawings
 * Milo Aukerman – vocals
 * Stephen Egerton – guitar
 * Bill Stevenson – drums, producer, cover graphics

Additional performers Production
 * Dez Cadena – backing vocals
 * Richard Andrews – engineer

title: All (Descendents album)


text:
Northern Lights Festival Boréal

Northern Lights Festival Boréal is an annual summer music festival in Sudbury, Ontario. It is one of Canada's oldest continuous music festivals, having been staged every year since 1972 until the COVID-19 pandemic.

The bilingual festival is held on the shores of Ramsey Lake at Bell Park, home of the Grace Hartman Amphitheatre. A diverse program of music is presented in a variety of genres including arts, crafts and children's entertainment, featuring a mix of national, international and Northern Ontario artists and performers. Musicians at the festival typically participate in concert performances and workshop sessions, collaborating with several other musicians.

In addition to the main festival, the organizing committee also sponsors concerts and other cultural events in the city throughout the year. During the festival weekend, a number of artists also perform downtown at the Townehouse.

The festival is normally held on the first weekend in July. Most commonly held over three days from Friday to Sunday, the festival at various times in its history has also taken place over one, two or four days.

History
Founded by a group of volunteers in 1972, the festival incorporated in 1975 at which time artists also began to be paid for performing. The event has always been multicultural, including Ukrainian, Indian, and Croatian Canadians at the first festival, and Indigenous artists since the third.

Some of the highlights over the years:

 * In the 1970s, Colin Linden, then 14 years old, appeared at the festival.
 * Canadian folk musician Stan Rogers wrote one of his most famous songs, "Barrett's Privateers", while at the festival. The song was written for a collaborative performance session with the band Friends of Fiddler's Green.
 * In the 1980s, the festival was one of the first major venues to book Shania Twain, then 10 years old.
 * The 1990 event saw the first collaborative performance by folk musicians James Keelaghan and Oscar Lopez, who later recorded two Juno Award-nominated albums together as the Compadres.
 * In 1992, the festival was profiled in the TVOntario series Putting On the Arts.
 * In 1999, pop singer Amanda Marshall announced a concert in the city on a date that conflicted with the festival. The controversy was resolved when Marshall's promoters offered a special promotional pass that enabled ticketholders to attend both events. Nevertheless, attendance at the festival fell below expectations, leaving a deficit. The following year, the festival recovered by offering a smaller program.
 * In 2017, the festival expanded its three-day schedule with a Thursday night performance devoted exclusively to Indigenous music.
 * In 2020 and 2021, the festival was cancelled for the first time in its history due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.
 * The festival celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2022.

Festival artistic directors have included Scott Merrifield, Vickie McGauley, John Closs, Claude Faucon, Paul Loewenberg, and Max Merrifield.

Awards
The Jackie Washington Award is presented each year for distinguished contribution to Northern Ontario's cultural life. Past recipients have included Robert Paquette, Ken Whiteley, Daniel Bédard, Paul Dunn and Charlie Angus. The award is named for Jackie Washington, a blues musician who appeared at the festival 25 times between the festival's inauguration in 1972 and Washington's death in 2009.

The Bernie Melanson Volunteer Award is also awarded annually, named after one of the festival's founding members and given to individuals or groups for longstanding or exceptional service to the festival.

1980
CANO, Tom Rush, Stan Rogers

1983
Scott Merritt, Lauri Conger and Lorraine Segato, The Nylons, The Bop Cats, Joe Hall, Nancy White, Eritage, Shirley Eikhard, Richard Séguin, Robert Paquette, CANO, Paul Dunn, Daisy DeBolt, Jacko Chartrand

1990
James Keelaghan, Oscar Lopez, Tom Paxton, Josephine, Loreena McKennitt

1995
Ashley MacIsaac, Kashtin, Nadjiwan, The Wailing Aztecs, The Shuffle Demons, Stephen Fearing, Eric Nagler

1997
Blue Rodeo, Bob Wiseman, Universal Honey, Change of Heart, The Pursuit of Happiness, Bob Snider, Fred Eaglesmith, Pacande, The Wailing Aztecs, Nadjiwan, Les Chaizes Muzikales

1998
Bruce Cockburn, Natalie MacMaster, Rheostatics

1999
Mackeel, Buckwheat Zydeco, Grievous Angels, Kim Stockwood

2000
The Arrogant Worms, Rita Chiarelli, The Corndogs, Alun Piggins, Carlos del Junco, Konflit Dramatik, Ruby Craig, The Rockin' Highliners, Debbie Danbrook, Hank Engel and the Hoosier Daddies, No Reservations, Darlene

2004
The Arrogant Worms, BeeBop Cowboys, Broche à Foin, Kevin Closs, Sarah Craig, Véronic DiCaire, Brian Dunn, Fred Eaglesmith, Grievous Angels, The Havocs, Colin James, Kingpins, Konflit Dramatik, Corb Lund, Kate Maki, Matapat, Mondo Idols, Ox, Pilate, Andy Stochansky, Sweetwater, The Wailin' Jennys, Verge

2007
Ron Sexsmith, Leahy, Blackie and the Rodeo Kings, Peter Case, Les Breastfeeders, Oh Susanna, Peter Elkas, Ox, Kim Barlow, Torngat

2008
Kate Maki, Old Man Luedecke, Nathan Lawr, Two Hours Traffic, Daniel Bélanger, Ian Tamblyn, David Francey, Miracle Fortress, The Sadies, Don McLean

2009
Serena Ryder, Bob Wiseman, Joel Plaskett, Jenn Grant, Bob Snider, Angie Nussey, Stéphane Paquette, J. P. Cormier, Norman Foote, Mr. Something Something

2011
Broken Social Scene, The Weakerthans, Lunch At Allen's, Ron Hynes, J. P. Cormier, Ladies of the Canyon

2012
Daniel Lanois, Steven Page, Joel Plaskett, The Good Lovelies, The Hidden Cameras

2013
Serena Ryder, Kathleen Edwards, Buck 65, Lynn Miles, Caracol, Elisapie, Swamperella, Cindy Cook

2014
Amélie, Annie Lou, Bustamento, Bruce Cockburn, Lemon Bucket Orkestra, Melbourne Ska Orchestra, Barry Miles, Stéphane Paquette, Red Moon Road, Crystal Shawanda, The Strumbellas, Tokyo Police Club, Wintersleep

2015
Fanny Bloom, Big Tobacco & The Pickers, Billy John & The Irish Wake, The Bombadils, Duncan Cameron, Cello Tales, J. P. Cormier, Quique Escamilla, Five Alarm Funk, Sarah Harmer, Hello Holiday, House of David Gang, Jayme Stone's Lomax Project, Kobo Town, Lee Harvey Osmond, Dan Mangan, Melbourne Ska Orchestra, Mimi O'Bonsawin, Lisa Marie Naponse, Le Paysagiste, Pistol George Warren, Les Poules à Colin, Adonis Puentes, Reuben and the Dark, Scarlett Jane, Ben Sures, Tuba Boy, The Wild Geese

2016
Afrikelektro, The Amazing René, Bahamas, Mélanie Brulée, Collective Roots, Cindy Cook, Digging Roots, Brian Dunn, Paul Dunn, Fagroongala, Martine Fortin, Matt Foy, Anique Granger, Gypsy Kumbia Orchestra, Jennifer Holub, Les Hotêsses d’Hilaire, Hugh Jazz, François Lemieux, A. David MacKinnon, Natalie MacMaster and Donnell Leahy, Kate Maki, Mandala, Minotaurs, Murder Murder, Orkestar Kriminal, Steven Page, Pretty Archie, Chuck Roberts, Sheesham & Lotus & Son, Frederick Squire, Jeff Stewart and Community Drums, Rose-Erin Stokes, Sun K, Dwayne Trudeau, Josh Turnbull, Union Duke

2017
Aerialists, The Ape-ettes, Barry Miles and the Congregation, Bboy Redsky, Bixiga 70, Black Bull Moose Singers, La Bronze, Christian Cirelli, Dr. Tom's Travelling Medicine Show, M. D. Dunn, Ever-Lovin' Jug Band, Les Frérots Rochers, Stephanie Fyfe, Emmanuel Gasser, Louis-Philippe Gingras, Sarah King Gold, Nico Glaude, Joy Harjo, Hidden Roots Collective, The Jerry Cans, Jonathan Byrd and the Pickup Cowboys, Bryden Gwiss Kiwenzie, Mclean, Miss Sassoeur & Les Sassys, Mob Bounce, Music by Jake, No Reservations, Fred Penner, Dale Pepin, Plugged Nickel String Band, Quantum Tangle, Rabbit and Bear Paws, Jenny Ritter, Don Ross, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Samantha Martin and Delta Sugar, Andy Shauf, Nick Sherman, Ansley Simpson, Rae Spoon, Shotgun Jimmie, Annie Sumi, Leonard Sumner, Chris Thériault, Trad, A Tribe Called Red, Tuns, The Turbans, Whitehorse, Clayton Windatt, Yukon Blonde

2018
Afrikana Soul Sister, Afro Madness Drum Troupe, Alvvays, Andrew Queen and the Campfire Crew, Arkells, C.R. Avery, Les Barricades, BBBRTHR, Seth Bernard, Binaeshee-Quae, Black Bull Moose Singers, Bonsa, Aleksi Campagne, Canailles, Casper Skulls, David Cordero, Aron d'Alesio, Russell deCarle, Les Deuxluxes, Cécile Doo-Kingué, Matt Foy, Frank Deresti and the Lake Effect, Fresh Kils & Vekked, Jane's Party, Connie Kaldor, Doctor Nativo, Guitars Alive Quartet, Hellnback, Richard Inman, Iskwé, JoPo and the Rize, Julie and the Wrong Guys, King Abid, Kira May, The Keyframes, Édouard Landry, Abigail Lapell, Lisa Leblanc, Lee Harvey Osmond, Paul Loewenberg and Richard Mende, Pat Maloney, Mama's Broke, Rodney Meilleur, Mickey O'Brien, Murder Murder, NiLLa & Ghettosocks, Orlando Julius and Afrosoundz, Joel Plaskett and Bill Plaskett, Donné Roberts, Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet, Sheesham & Lotus & Son, Sulfur City, Team T&J, Mara Tremblay, Laetitia Zonzambé

2019
The Almighty Rhombus, Bedouin Soundclash, Boogat, Kevin Breit, Brooke Bruce, Basia Bulat, The Burning Hell, Duncan Cameron, Eric Clancy, Kevin Closs, Jean-Paul De Roover, Cris Derksen, Fred Eaglesmith and Tif Ginn, ECHLO, Nick Ferrio, Eva Foote, Half Moon Run, Haviah Mighty, Jennifer Holub, Jane's Party, Jennis, K'naan, Mélissa Laveaux, Céleste Lévis, Magoo, Mayhemingways, Rodney Meilleur, Hannah Shira Naiman, Safia Nolin, Oh Geronimo, Pop Mach!ne, William Prince, Rayannah, Sam Roberts, Shaky Stars, Sheesham & Lotus & Son, Al Simmons, Ansley Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, Ben Sures, Trapment, David Dino White, Jojo Worthington, Zeus

2022
a l l i e, Amandine et Rosalie, Balaklava Blues, Begonia, Bombino, Born Ruffians, Bryden Gwiss Kiwenzie, Casper Skulls, Cassidy Houston, Celeigh Cardinal, Clay and Friends, David Laronde, Gurpreet Chana, Harvey King & The Grindstone, Hezekiah Procter & The Hash House Serenaders, Ian Tamblyn, Judy Collins, Julie Katrinette, Lemon Bucket Orkestra, Lex Leosis, Leyla McCalla, Lillian Allen, Myka 9, Paul Collins’ Beat, Rabbit & Bear Paws, Robert Paquette, Sharon & Randi, Spencer Burton, St. Paul & The Broken Bones, The New Pornographers, The Weather Station, Wax Mannequin, Zal Sissokho

2023
Ammoye, Tafari Anthony, Tessa Balaz, Les Bilinguish Boys, Cabiners, Mehdi Cayenne, The Cloves, Dubgee, Paul Dunn and David Lickley, Fembots, The Fitzgeralds, Angelique Francis, Teilhard Frost, G. R. Gritt, Heatstroke, Jeidei, Kalàscima feat. Andrea Ramolo, King Cardiac, Sam Klassik, Korea Town Acid, Léona, Let's Talk Science, Little Fingers Music, Kate Maki, Rodney Meilleur, Mountain City Four, Laura Niquay, Paji and Nyama Nyama Sound, Stéphane Paquette, Pop Machine, Zachary Richard, Richard Inman and the Western Canadian All-Stars, Tasheena Sarazin, Tom Savage, Sheesham & Lotus and Son, Sloan, The Soul Motivators, Spice Islands, Lloyd Spiegel, Steve and the Royal Motel, Jeff Stewart, Strumbellas, Adrian Sutherland, TEKE::TEKE, Blaine Thornton, Valdy, Martha Wainwright, Willow Switch, Zap Mama, Brock Zeman

2024
2VPlus, The 555, Chanelle Albert and the Easy Company, Tim Baker, Johnny Bizness, Jully Black, Boogat, John-Paul Chalykoff and Baabii, Ricardo Chavez, The Cicadas, DJ Shub, Jamie Dupuis, Elephantshoes, Empty House, Evangeline Gentle, James Gray, Housewife, The Human Rights, Andrew Hyatt, July Talk, Kazdoura, Land Heart Song, Edouard Landry, Zachary Lucky, Mattmac, Lynn Miles, Moskitto Bar, Evalyn Parry, Dayv Poulin, Andrew Queen and the Campfire Crew, Chuck Roberts, The Rural Alberta Advantage, Sarah Jane Scouten, Shred Kelly, Tell It to Sweeney, Jacinthe Trudeau and Jeff Wiseman, Willows

title: Northern Lights Festival Boréal


text:
Everything Sucks (Descendents album)

Everything Sucks is the fifth studio album by American punk rock band Descendents, released on September 24, 1996, through Epitaph Records. It was their first album of new studio material since 1987's All, after which singer Milo Aukerman had left the band to pursue a career in biochemistry. The remaining members (bassist Karl Alvarez, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and drummer Bill Stevenson) had changed the band's name to All and released eight albums between 1988 and 1995 with singers Dave Smalley, Scott Reynolds, and Chad Price. When Aukerman decided to return to music the group chose to operate as two acts simultaneously, playing with Aukerman as the Descendents and with Price as All. It is considered a return to the band's angrier hardcore punk such as the Fat EP and Milo Goes to College.

Everything Sucks was the first Descendents release to chart, reaching #132 on the Billboard 200 and #4 on Top Heatseekers, supported by the singles "I'm the One" and "When I Get Old". Aukerman returned to his biochemistry career following the album's supporting tours, reuniting with them again in 2004 for Cool to Be You, and again in 2010 for live performances.

Background
The Descendents formed in 1978 in Manhattan Beach, California, with an initial recording lineup of Tony Lombardo (bass guitar), Frank Navetta (guitar), and Bill Stevenson (drums). Adding singer Milo Aukerman in 1980, the band released three albums over the next six years, weathering several lineup changes (Navetta left the band in 1983 and was replaced by Ray Cooper, and Lombardo left in 1985 and was replaced by Doug Carrion) and a hiatus from 1983 to 1985 while Aukerman attended college and Stevenson joined Black Flag. By September 1986 Aukerman and Stevenson were the only remaining members, and recruited bassist Karl Alvarez and guitarist Stephen Egerton from Salt Lake City to continue the band. This Descendents lineup recorded All in 1987, an album themed around the concept of "All" invented by Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion in 1980. When Aukerman left the band later that year to pursue a career in biochemistry, Alvarez, Egerton, and Stevenson changed the band's name to All and continued with singers Dave Smalley, Scott Reynolds, and Chad Price. Stevenson stated at the time that he wished to preserve the Descendents as his and Aukerman's project:

Milo has stuck with me for almost nine years now, so I wouldn't exactly feel right about just continuing to call us the Descendents. In a sense that would be kind of like discrediting Milo's nine years worth of effort. It's kind of like, "Let the Descendents be my and Milo's sacred thing," or whatever. Who knows, at some point later on we might decide that we want to get together and record something.

Aukerman occasionally collaborated with All, writing "Just Like Them" for the album Allroy Saves (1990) and singing backing vocals on Breaking Things (1993), as well as filling in at occasional performances when Price would lose his voice. Lombardo also collaborated with All for the 1991 album New Girl, Old Story.

In 1995 Aukerman expressed a desire to return to recording and performing, so the band members decided to work with him as the Descendents while continuing to work with Price as All, in order to "make room for Milo without pushing Chad out." Stevenson explained that the arrangement did not cause any resentment between the two singers: "[I]t's all totally good, it's just that when we are playing, Milo couldn't be All's singer, cause Chad is All's singer. So, we decided that we could be Descendents with Milo, and All with Chad. It's not really a reunion, we've been together the whole time." Aukerman described his decision to rejoin the band as "really just my re-entry into the song writing, I had been away for so long and I just wanted to make music which is what I love to do."

Everything Sucks was recorded in June and July 1996 at The Blasting Room, a studio built and run by Stevenson in Fort Collins, Colorado. Original Descendents members Tony Lombardo and Frank Navetta made appearances on the album: Navetta wrote the song "Doghouse" and both he and Lombardo played on it, marking the first recording by the original Descendents lineup of Aukerman, Lombardo, Navetta, and Stevenson since Milo Goes to College in 1982. Navetta also played on "Eunuch Boy", a song Aukerman and Lombardo had written fifteen years earlier. According to Aukerman: Eunuch Boy' is the first song I ever wrote, really. When we formed, Tony Lombardo, the original bass player said, 'Dude, you need to write some songs', and I had never written a song before so I just wrote down some words and brought it to him. He made the music for it." Lombardo also wrote and played on "Gotta", which was left off of the album but released as a B-side on the "When I Get Old" single. Chad Price sang backing vocals on the album, while Stevenson and Egerton produced and engineered it.

All had previously been signed to major label Interscope Records for 1995's Pummel, but were dissatisfied with the experience. Both All and the Descendents signed to Epitaph Records, who released Everything Sucks, the subsequent All albums Mass Nerder (1998) and Problematic (2000), and the All/Descendents double live album Live Plus One (2001). It was rumored that Epitaph would not sign All without getting the Descendents as well, but Stevenson explained that the arrangement was made because Epitaph head Brett Gurewitz would allow both bands to make albums at their discretion:

When we signed with Epitaph it was for both bands. It was a thing of knowing Brett forever, and so I just sat down and said, "Well, we want to make records!" At the time we were leaving Interscope. We weren't happy with Interscope at all. So we sat down and told them we wanted to make both All and Descendents records whenever we want, at our choosing. Brett and I worked out a deal like that, so it was really flexible and we could basically do whatever we wanted.

The Descendents supported Everything Sucks with a series of tours from September 1996 to August 1997 covering the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Europe, touring with Swingin' Utters, The Bouncing Souls, The Suicide Machines, Shades Apart, Guttermouth, Less Than Jake, Handsome, Electric Frankenstein, Social Distortion, Pennywise, H2O, and others. Music videos were filmed for "I'm the One" and "When I Get Old", and both songs were released as singles in Europe.

Reception
Everything Sucks became the first Descendents release to chart, reaching #132 on the Billboard 200 and #4 on Top Heatseekers. Ned Raggett of AllMusic remarked: "take this out of its surrounding context and this was and is a prime Descendents album. All the humor and heart-on-sleeve showcasing one could hope for are here [...] anyone dismissing this as just like any other pop-punk around misses the point that these characters helped found it as much as anyone!" Rock critic Robert Christgau, however, merely gave the album a "neither" rating, indicating it as neither impressive nor a dud, which "may impress once or twice with consistent craft or an arresting track or two. Then it won't." In a 2004 biography of the band, Jenny Eliscu, of Rolling Stone, called their reunion "unforgivable" and stated that Everything Sucks "lived up to its name."

Personnel
Per the album liner notes.

Descendents

 * Karl Alvarez – bass guitar, drawings
 * Milo Aukerman – vocals
 * Stephen Egerton – guitar, producer, engineer
 * Bill Stevenson – drums, producer, engineer

Additional musicians

 * Tony Lombardo – bass guitar on "Doghouse"
 * Frank Navetta – guitar on "Doghouse" and "Eunuch Boy"
 * Chad Price – backing vocals

Production

 * Jason Livermore – additional engineering
 * Andy Wallace – mix engineer
 * Steve Sisco – assistant mix engineer
 * Jon Herroon – assistant engineer
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering
 * Brett Gurewitz – sequencing assistance
 * Grey Stool – cover illustration
 * Jesse Fischer – back cover photo
 * Craig Cameron Olsen – inside photo

title: Everything Sucks (Descendents album)


text: Category:Russian actors

title: Category:Russian actors


text:
Category:Welsh actors

This category lists actors and actresses of the stage, cinema and television who originate from Wales or have spend significant time there.

title: Category:Welsh actors


text:
Raich Carter

Horatio Stratton "Raich" Carter (21 December 1913 – 9 October 1994) was an English sportsman who played football for Sunderland, Derby County and Hull City, as well as representing England on thirteen occasions. He also played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1946. He later became a football manager.

In 2013 he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame.

Background
Carter was born at Hendon, Sunderland, the son of Robert Carter who played football for Port Vale, Fulham and Southampton. His Christian names come from his maternal grandfather and mother's maiden name respectively. He had an elder brother who died as a baby and 2 sisters.

As a boy, Carter attended Hendon Board School. He excelled at most sports, including football, cricket and athletics. According to family legend, at the age of 3, Raich was promised a trial with Leicester City when he reached 17 by their scout George Metcalfe, a former South Shields player.

On 23 April 1927, he made his England Schoolboy debut, scoring once in the 6–1 win over Wales at Eastville Stadium, home of Bristol Rovers. He retained his place in the side for both games during the following season, captaining the side (and scoring twice) on his final appearance, a 3–2 win over Wales in Swansea.

On leaving school in summer 1928, Carter was presented with a gold watch inscribed with details of his England football and school cricket achievements. He was offered amateur terms and an office job by Sunderland His uncle, Ted, who had been acting as his guardian since his father's death in March 1928 was not impressed and insisted he learn a trade to fall back on and also noted Carter was still too small and light for professional football. Carter was apprenticed as an electrician with the Sunderland Forge and Mechanical Company. He played football for their works team and also Whitburn St Mary's whose team contained many of Sunderland's best juniors.

On his 17th birthday, Carter reminded neighbour George Metcalfe of his long standing promise. When Leicester City visited Sunderland a few days later, Metcalfe arranged a trial for Carter with them. On 27 December 1931 on a heavy pitch, Carter did not impress and was told by the Leicester City manager Willie Orr that he was too small.

Football career
In the summer of 1931 Carter signed amateur terms with Sunderland. After a trial he was still considered too small to be a professional. He moved to leading local amateur side Esh Winning. On 10 October 1931 Carter made his debut for Sunderland reserves against Walker Celtic He retained his place a week later. On 12 November 1931, he signed a professional contract. It was a part-time contract (training 2 nights a week) for £3 a week plus £1 for each reserve team appearance. A big increase on his 45p a week electrician's apprenticeship. After 9 appearances, his wage was increased to £8 a week.

Carter captained Sunderland to the Football League title in 1936, at that time the youngest man ever to have captained a First Division title-winning side. On 28 March 1936, Carter was sent off for the only time in his career in a feisty 5–0 defeat at Middlesbrough. In December 1936 Carter received the usual benefit cheque of £650 for 5 years' service with the club. It was to rankle him that despite a long career it was the only benefit cheque he was to receive as he never did 5 years continuous service again. He followed that up with victory in the 1937 FA Cup final, scoring the second Sunderland goal in a 3–1 win over Preston North End.

The Second World War left him bereft of many of his peak years, like many great players of his age. Afterwards he picked up another Cup winners medal with Derby in 1946, becoming the only player to win Cup winners medals both before and after the war.

In November 1945 Carter was transfer listed by Sunderland after the club refused his request for a new 10-year contract. A number of clubs expressed an interest. On 21 December 1945 Carter joined Derby County for £6,000 minutes before the FA Cup transfer deadline. On 31 August 1946, Carter made his Football League debut for Derby at Sunderland. He later played for Hull City and Cork Athletic.

In February 1953, Carter signed a short term playing contract with Cork Athletic. The terms were £50 per match plus expenses compared to the £14 maximum wage in England. He was able to live in Hull and fly to Ireland every weekend for matches. He scored twice on his debut on 8 February 1953 against Waterford and helped his new club to do the cup double winning the FAI Cup and Munster Senior Cup. Whilst with Cork Athletic, he was selected to play for the League of Ireland against the English Football League.

Carter was also capped 13 times for England as an inside forward. On 14 April 1934 he made his international debut against Scotland at Wembley Stadium. Carter gained his last cap on 18 May 1947 in a 1–0 defeat against Switzerland in Zürich's Hardturm Stadium. He also won 17 wartime international caps and played for the RAF and Combined Services.

Amongst his many admirers was the great Stanley Matthews, who said about him "I felt [he] was the ideal partner for me... Carter was a supreme entertainer who dodged, dribbled, twisted and turned, sending bewildered left-halves madly along false trails. Inside the penalty box with the ball at his feet and two or three defenders snapping at his ankles, he'd find the space to get a shot in at goal... Bewilderingly clever, constructive, lethal in front of goal, yet unselfish. Time and again he'd play the ball out wide to me and with such service I was in my element."

On 20 April 1937, he sat for Madame Tussauds. On 20 September 1952 the first issue of the weekly nationwide magazine "Raich Carter's Soccer Star" appeared, his name was dropped from the title in 1955 and the magazine was incorporated into World Soccer in 1970.

Second World War
He joined the Auxiliary Fire Brigade and on 19 March 1940 was asked to join the Fire Service. Neither appointment was universally well received as some perceived it as a way of avoiding National Service and others suggested favouritism when he was the only man appointed to the Fire Service from 240 applicants. On 2 October 1941, Carter joined the RAF. He worked as a Physical Training Instructor and after several postings he was posted to the Loughborough Rehabilitation Centre, where Dan Maskell was his Squadron Leader, helping airmen, many in plaster casts, recover their fitness and general health.

Carter played 17 war time internationals as well as other representative games for the RAF and Combined Services. He guested for Huddersfield Town, Hartlepools United, York City, Derby County and Nottingham Forest.

Cricket career
Schoolboy ideas of a dual football-cricket career were discounted as Carter felt he would be unable to give his full attention to two sports and that cricket would probably involve moving away from home and his widowed mother and sisters and serving a residential qualification before being eligible to play for a first-class county.

In July 1933 he made his debut in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham County Cricket Club against Yorkshire's Second XI at Headingley. Batting at number 10, he top scored with 44 runs in a total of 145 and retained his place in the next game when Durham beat the touring West Indies at Ashbrooke, Sunderland, although he was dismissed for a duck. In July 1934, he was again selected to play for Durham against Yorkshire's 2nd XI; he took 4/22 and scored 10 runs and retained his place in the side for the next game against the touring Australians side.

Whilst at Derby, Carter played first-class cricket for Derbyshire County Cricket Club. He made his County Championship debut in June 1946 against Worcestershire. He was a right-handed batsman and batted in four innings in his three first-class matches. He was a left-arm slow orthodox bowler and took two wickets.

During the summer, Carter was a regular club cricketer playing mainly in the Durham Senior League for Hendon and Sunderland Police. In the summer of 1936, due to loyalty to Hendon, he rejected interest from several clubs who wanted to employ him as their cricket professional. After moving to Derby, he played for Chaddesden. He was a regular for the cricket teams of Derby County and Hull City.

Carter kept some of his England shirts, removed the badge pocket, and used them for cricket.

A big hitter, Carter was known as the "Gilbert Jessop of Durham".

Managerial career
In February 1948, rumours began to circulate that Carter was to move to Leeds United. Carter was interviewed for the position but there were two stumbling blocks, the length of the contract and Leeds' wish to make the appointment at the end of the season. On 1 April 1948, Carter joined Hull City in a player / assistant manager role for £6,000. He turned down other offers believing he would learn more under manager Major Frank Buckley and Hull City would provide the fastest route into a manager's position. He was appointed player – manager on 23 April 1948 after Buckley's resignation. Carter continued his playing career at Hull City, winning the Division Three North title and reaching the Round 6 of the FA Cup in his first season and buying a young Don Revie. In the next 2 seasons, the side finished 7th and 10th in Division Two. On 5 September 1951, Carter offered his resignation. It was accepted by the directors on 12 September 1951, no reason was given and no discord was apparent. Several clubs expressed an interest in signing him but he continued to train with Hull City, who retained his playing contract, until the directors asked him not to. He maintained his match fitness by playing local amateur football in Leconfield. Following strong public support, although not all the directors were not supportive, he returned as a player with Hull City on 8 December 1951 for the rest of that season before retiring as a player.

In May 1953, Carter was appointed Leeds United manager; he stated he was joining as manager only, although he did play in several friendly games. In his first two seasons, they finished 10th and 4th in Division 2. In May 1955, Carter turned down an offer to return to Derby County as manager. He was rewarded with a new 3-year contract to replace the 2 one year contracts he'd previously had. In 1956, Leeds United finished runners-up and were promoted to Division 1 after a nine-year absence. The following season, they finished 8th in the top flight with John Charles scoring 38 goals. He left for Juventus FC in the summer. The following season, without his goals, Leeds United finished 17th. On 9 May 1958, the chairman, Sam Bolton announced Carter's contract would not be renewed, saying,"it was with regret that the decision had been reached" and there were tears in his eyes when he said it. The decision was a shock to Carter.

In February 1960, Carter was appointed as Mansfield Town manager. He couldn't save them from relegation to Division 4 in his first season. A younger, rebuilt side finished 20th and 15th in the next 2 seasons. After a good start to the 1962/3 season, he was linked to Cardiff City in October 1962. On 11 January 1963, he left to become manager of Division 2 Middlesbrough. In 1964, Raich presented a young Philip Lowery with his town colours for Stockton Town Football club. The young team he left behind were to gain promotion back to Division 3 at the end of that season.

At Middlesbrough, his team finished 4th,10th and 17th before they parted company with Carter on 12 February 1966 when in 20th place. Subsequently, they dropped into the relegation places and were relegated at the end of the season.

Style of playing and management
As a player, Carter was noted for his "Carter Roar"; some perceived it as Carter blaming others for his mistakes. Carter saw it as necessary to issue short and sharp instructions to teammates in a loud voice to be heard over crowd noise.

Carter was noted as a being a natural footballer who wanted his players to "play it by ear", he didn't want to over coach them.

In an interview with the Hull Daily Mail in February 1949, Carter joked, "I used to be arrogant but I've matured and grown more tolerant; now I'm just conceited".

As a manager, Carter was a traditionalist with no real interest in coaching, believing in fostering a strong team spirit, being nurturing and, supportive of his players.

He could be demanding and authoritative and didn't suffer fools gladly. He refused to sanction any illegal or underhand payments.

Personal life
When Carter reported for pre-season training in 1934, he measured 5 foot 8 inches and weighed 10 stones and 7 pounds. He'd gained an inch and 15 pounds over the previous 12 months. He wasn't to grow any taller. Carter was noted as "silver haired" during his Derby County days and advertised Nufix haircream when at Hull City.

On 26 April 1937 Carter married Rose Marsh, a long lost school friend, in Derby. Immediately after the wedding, he and best man, Bobby Gurney had to leave the reception to join up with their Sunderland teammates in the Bushey Hall Hotel, Watford, where they were preparing for the FA Cup Final. On 19 March 1943, their daughter Jennifer was born. Subsequently, Rose suffered from ill health and the family moved to Derby to be close to Rose's parents.

On 19 November 1951, Carter and Rose opened a sweet and tobacco shop in George Street, Hull. It was sold on his appointment as Leeds United manager in 1953.

On 27 June 1953, Rose Carter died in a Hull hospital, having suffered from rheumatic fever as a child and since childbirth a weak heart. Jennifer went to live with her maternal grandmother in Sunderland.

On 3 January 1955, Carter married Patricia Dixon, a former Hull City office employee and Yorkshire netball player. On 18 June 1956, their daughter, Jane, was born. In 1969, their son, christened Raich Carter, was born.

In late 1958, the Carters opened a newsagent's shop in Anlaby Road, opposite West Park, in Hull. Initially, business was slow due to a printing strike but improved in the summer of 1959 when they opened an ice cream parlour in a spare room in the premises.

Between managerial positions, Carter would return to live in Hull, eventually settling in Willerby.

After leaving Middlesbrough, Carter worked as a match reporter for the Sunday Mirror, often reporting on matches of his former clubs. In 1968, Carter took a job to manage the sports department of the Hull Cooperative Store until it closed down a year later. In 1969, Carter accepted a role on the Pools Panel, a role that lasted 6 years. In 1969, Carter bought a local credit collection business which he ran for over 20 years.

Death
On 4 July 1992, Carter suffered a mild stroke, followed by a further stroke on 3 September 1993 which completely incapacitated him. He died at home in Willerby in October 1994.

After his death, his widow Pat arranged for his medal collection to be sold to the Sunderland City Council for display in the city. A request from Derby County for 4 items from his time with them to be donated to their Hall of Fame Derby County was accommodated. In October 2001, the Raich Carter Sports Centre in Hendon was opened.

Legacy
There is a road in Hull, that forms part of the A1033 road, named after him. Also named in his honour is The Raich Carter Sports Centre in the Hendon area of Sunderland, opened in 2001 near to where he grew up and loosely on the site of his hometown club's first ever ground.

The opening game at the new KC Stadium between Hull City and Sunderland in December 2002 was played for the 'Raich Carter Trophy'. The Tigers beat the Black Cats 1–0.

In 2013 he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame, housed at the National Football Museum.

There is a mural of him painted on the gable end of the Blue House public house situated on Corporation Street,Hendon.

Honours
Sunderland
 * First Division: 1935–36
 * FA Charity Shield: 1936
 * FA Cup: 1936–37

Derby County
 * FA Cup: 1945–46

Cork Athletic
 * FAI Cup: 1953
 * Munster Senior Cup: 1953

England
 * British Home Championship: 1936–37, 1946–47

title: Raich Carter


text:
Philo, California

Philo is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located 6 mi northwest of Boonville, at an elevation of 331 ft. The population was 319 at the 2020 census.

Philo is located in Anderson Valley in western Mendocino County. Situated along Indian Creek as it flows into the Navarro River, Philo is the home of KZYX, the local public radio station. Two small specialty lumber mills in Philo are all that remain of a once vigorous timber economy in Anderson Valley. Philo is the heart of the Anderson Valley wine region.

The first post office opened in 1888. The ZIP Code is 95466. The community is inside area code 707.

Two versions of how Philo was named are current: first, that its founder Cornelius Prather named it after his favorite female cousin; second, that he named it for his former home at Philo, Illinois.

Geography
Philo is located at geographical coordinates 39° 3′ 57″ North, 123° 26′ 42″ West. California State Route 128 leads southeast (up the valley) 6 mi to Boonville and northwest (downriver) 23 mi to State Route 1 near Navarro Beach on the Pacific Ocean.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.1 mi2, all of it recorded as land.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Philo had a population of 349. The population density was 171.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Philo was 171 (49.0%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 4 (1.1%) Native American, 5 (1.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 157 (45.0%) from other races, and 10 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 204 persons (58.5%).

The Census reported that 329 people (94.3% of the population) lived in households, 5 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 15 (4.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 98 households, out of which 47 (48.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 37 (37.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 12 (12.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 17 (17.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 13 (13.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 (2.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 24 households (24.5%) were made up of individuals, and 9 (9.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36. There were 66 families (67.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.64.

The population was spread out, with 113 people (32.4%) under the age of 18, 37 people (10.6%) aged 18 to 24, 86 people (24.6%) aged 25 to 44, 81 people (23.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 32 people (9.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.6 males.

There were 117 housing units at an average density of 57.4 /sqmi, of which 35 (35.7%) were owner-occupied, and 63 (64.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.5%. 104 people (29.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 225 people (64.5%) lived in rental housing units.

Education
Students in Philo attend Anderson Valley Elementary School and Anderson Valley Junior-Senior High School. Both are located in Boonville.

Notable residents

 * Bernice Bing, artist

Politics
In the state legislature, Philo is in, and.

Federally, Philo is in.

title: Philo, California


text:
Walt Brown (politician)

Walter Frederick Brown (born July 28, 1926) is an American politician and former presidential candidate of the Socialist Party USA (2004). Brown became a socialist in 1948 but served as Democratic member of the Oregon State Senate from 1975 to 1987. Brown also served as a Socialist Party of Oregon candidate for the U.S. Congress (3rd Congressional District) in 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 and has been the Pacific Green Party candidate for two statewide offices.

Family background
Brown was born in Los Angeles, California, to Walter Andrew Brown (August 11, 1897 – November 10, 1978), attorney at law (with prior employment as an auto mechanic, truck driver, and claims adjuster), and Emily Anna (née Weber; October 30, 1897 – February 25, 1978), an elementary school teacher. His ancestry includes English, German, and French.

Career as an attorney
In June 1944, during WWII, Brown volunteered for active duty in the U.S. Navy at age 17. He served in the Pacific and China on the USS Carter Hall (LSD-3). After his honorable discharge in June 1946, and while in the inactive U.S. Navy Reserve, he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on the G.I. Bill, earning a B.A. in law, cum laude (1949), and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) (1952). While at USC he was a Rhodes Scholar nominee. He was also elected to Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi.

In 1952, Brown was recalled to active duty during the Korean War. He was commissioned as an officer. While in the Navy he served as an attorney for disabled Navy personnel; an instructor at the U.S. Naval Justice School in Newport, Rhode Island; legal officer at Great Lakes (Illinois), Boston, and Subic Bay, Philippines; special prosecutor in Vietnam; an appellate attorney in Washington, D.C.; and as a general court-martial judge in San Diego serving in the Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG). He retired in 1970 as a commander, with 26 years of service. Brown also continued his education: Harvard Law School (constitutional law (1958)); Boston University (international relations M.A. (1961)); the Judge Advocate General's School University of Virginia, (Master of Laws degree in military law (1965)); University of Oregon (library science M.L.S. (1975)).

Upon Brown's retirement from the Navy he was hired as an associate professor at the Northwestern School of Law of Lewis and Clark College, teaching from 1970 to 1980. From 1975 to 1987 he also served in the Oregon State Senate as vice chair of the Judiciary Committee and as co-chair of the Legislative Counsel Committee (which drafts all bills for the Legislature). From 1989 to 1991, he served as Malheur County counsel and as Malheur County deputy district attorney. He volunteers as general counsel of the Oregon Consumer League from 1987 to 1989 and 1991 to present, and as a volunteer attorney with the Consumer Justice Alliance since 2000. In 2003 Brown received two awards from the Oregon State Bar in the active emeritus member category: one for the most Legal Services to the Poor, another for Total Hours of Pro Bono Services.

Oregon Senate
Brown served three terms in the Oregon State Senate, elected as a Democrat, from 1974 to 1986. He was responsible for passing the world's first ban on ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in 1975, which served as a model for several other governments. The ban went into effect in 1977 in Oregon, allowing the Oregon Legislative Assembly to make any needed adjustments (such as to allow CFCs to continue to be used in inhalers for people with asthma).

United States Congress
Brown ran for the United States House of Representatives for Oregon's 3rd congressional district four times against incumbent Earl Blumenauer.

2004 presidential campaign
Brown, a social democrat, was nominated by the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA) at their November 2003 convention over revolutionary socialist Eric Chester of Massachusetts. After the convention, party members learned that Brown had previously held anti-abortion views. Because of these views, a movement to recall Brown as the SPUSA presidential nominee ultimately failed, but much of the party's organization failed to support the ticket. Despite this, Brown and his running mate Mary Alice Herbert won ballot access in eight states and had write-in status in eight others. On election day, Brown/Herbert earned 10,837 votes, which was more than any of the Socialist Party's presidential candidates since 1952 and the most in the Socialist Party USA's history. Several third party activists, including Darcy Richardson of Florida and Steve Hauser of Wisconsin, assisted with Brown's presidential campaign.

Oregon attorney general
In 2008, Brown ran as a Pacific Green Party candidate for the office of Attorney General in Oregon in the November 2008 elections. Brown received 76,856 votes for 5.1% of the total vote.

Oregon treasurer
In June 2010, he was selected as the Pacific Green candidate for Oregon State Treasurer in the 2010 Oregon elections but he ended his campaign for their nomination and ultimately received the nomination of the Progressive Party instead and was listed as the Progressive candidate in the Oregon Voters' Pamphlet. Brown finished third of four candidates with 38,316 votes (3%).

Other activities
Brown is the President of the Eastside Democratic Club (not affiliated with the Democratic Party) and on their Agenda Committee as well. Brown is also on the Board of Directors for the Oregon Consumer League. He is a volunteer attorney for both the Oregon Consumer League and the Consumer-Justice Alliance. He and his wife, Beverly, volunteer to both the Sunnyside Homeless Shelter and the St. Francis Dining Hall in Portland.

The Barbara S. and Walter F. Brown Memorial Park
Near the conclusion of Brown's twelve years in the Oregon State Senate, he served as Chairman of the Senate Agriculture and Forestry Committee. At that time Brown and his wife purchased 185 acre of land on both sides of the Siletz River in Lincoln County on the Oregon Coast. This land had been clear-cut during World War I. The couple spent many years of hard work to reforest the land with Sitka spruce, western red cedar, and Douglas fir, all with the express intention of making a public park. When Barbara died in 1999, the park had not been completed and Walt continued to manage this forest alone. On August 8, 2007, he donated the land to Lincoln County, which guaranteed that hunting and logging would not be allowed.

title: Walt Brown (politician)


text:
Tunnel Hill

Tunnel Hill may refer to:

 * Tunnel Hill, Georgia, USA
 * Tunnel Hill, Illinois, USA
 * Tunnel Hill, Ohio, USA
 * Tunnelhill, Pennsylvania, USA
 * Tunnel Hill, Worcestershire, England

title: Tunnel Hill