text:
Hicky's Bengal Gazette

Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English-language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India. It was the first newspaper printed in Asia, and was published for two years, between 1780 and 1782, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of Governor General Warren Hastings. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism and its fight for free expression in India.

Newspaper history
Hicky began publication of Hicky's Bengal Gazette on 29 January 1780, having first printed a prospectus announcing that he would begin printing a newspaper. The idea of printing a newspaper in India had been floated twelve years earlier by the Dutch Adventurer William Bolts, but Hicky was the first to execute the concept. Hicky's newspaper was printed once a week on Saturday, and retailed for Rs 1. Its circulation was estimated to be around four hundred copies per week, although possibly more.

Hicky initially avoided political controversy. As he observed the effect his paper had, he became more political and his neutral editorial policy shifted to an independent one. His slogan became "Open to all Parties, but influenced by None". After he learned that competitors with ties to the East India Company were intending to launch a rival newspaper, the India Gazette, he took a strongly anti-Company stance. Hicky accused an East India Company employee, Simeon Droz, of supporting the India Gazette as punishment for Hicky's refusal to pay a bribe to Droz and Marian Hastings, Warren Hastings' wife.

In retaliation for Hicky's accusation, Hastings' Supreme Council forbid Hicky from mailing his newspaper through the post office. On 18 November 1780, the same day that the first India Gazette was published, Hicky modified the name of his newspaper from Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or, Calcutta General Advertiser, to Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser to emphasize that his newspaper was founded first.

Hicky claimed Hastings' order violated his right to free expression, and accused Hastings of corruption, tyranny, and even erectile dysfunction. Hicky also accused other British leaders in Calcutta of corruption, including the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Elijah Impey of taking bribes, and the leader of the Protestant Mission, Johann Zacharias Kiernander of stealing from an orphaned children's fund. Hicky's editorial independence was short lived as Hastings and Kiernander sued him for libel. After four dramatic trials in June 1781, the Supreme Court found Hicky guilty and sentenced him to jail.

Hicky continued to print his newspaper from jail, and continued to accuse Hastings and others of corruption. He was finally suppressed when Hastings instituted fresh lawsuits against him. Hicky's Bengal Gazette ceased publication on 30 March 1782 when its types were seized by an order of the Supreme Court. The next week, its types and printing press were publicly auctioned and sold to the India Gazette.

Editorial policy
Hicky's Bengal Gazette was known for its sarcastic and provocative writing style. Unlike many newspapers of its time, the newspaper discussed taboo topics like female masturbation, and proto-class consciousness, arguing for the rights of the poor and against taxation without representation. It was strongly anti-war and anti-colonial and routinely ridiculed East India Company leadership for their expansionist and imperialist objectives.

Contemporary views
The memoirist William Hickey (who was not related to the paper's founder) describes its establishment shortly after he had succeeded (in his capacity as an attorney-at-law) in having James Hicky released from debtor's jail:

"'At the time I first saw Hicky he had been about seven years in India. During his confinement he met with a treatise upon printing, from which he collected sufficient information to commence [as a] printer, there never having been a press in Calcutta ... it occurred to Hicky that great benefit might arise from setting on foot a public newspaper, nothing of that kind ever having appeared. Upon his types &c., therefore reaching him, he issued proposals for printing a weekly paper, which, meeting with extraordinary encouragement, he speedily issued his first work. As a novelty every person read it, and was delighted. Possessing a fund of low wit, his paper abounded with proof of that talent. He had also a happy knack at applying appropriate nicknames and relating satirical anecdotes'."

Hicky benefited little from the paper, as William Hickey further tells us that he allowed it "to become the channel of personal invective, and the most scurrilous abuse of individuals of all ranks, high and low, rich and poor, many were attacked in the most wanton and cruel manner ... His utter ruin was the consequence".

Legacy
Hicky's Bengal Gazette was the first printed newspaper to be published in Asia. The newspaper became famous not only among the British soldiers posted in India at that time but also inspired Indians to write newspapers of their own.

Surviving collections
Six archives are known to have collections (all incomplete) of Hicky's Bengal Gazette:
 * 1) University of Melbourne
 * 2) University of Heidelberg. From George Livius. Available for free online.
 * 3) National Library of India
 * 4) High Court of Calcutta (only an extraordinary issue dated 25 June 1781).
 * 5) British Library. Two collections. One originally from the British Museum, from George Livius. The other, less complete collection, is originally from a private auction and from the India Office Library.
 * 6) University of California, Berkeley's Bancroft Library. Collected by H. Morse Stephens sometime before 1907. This collection was likely once owned by Paul Ferris, one of Hicky's assistants.

title: Hicky's Bengal Gazette


text:
User talk:Marco.org

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Clusty
That's really cool that you're doing that mirroring. If you're not aware of it, please see Clusty's entry on Mirrors and forks and copy over the information you posted here to it. It's great to see such a nicely formatted mirror.

Also, I found Clusty from a link on http://disinfopedia.org. Was that you? :-) JesseW 04:37, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Almost - that was my coworker, who introduced me to Disinfopedia yesterday. Marco.org 15:20, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

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Talk:Mount Herzl

Memorial plaza
the CENTRAL MEMORIAL PLAZA in the military cemetery (near to the Garden of the Missing Soldiers) is not the MOUNT HERZL PLAZA that opent the ceremony of Israel's Independence Day begins next to Herzl's grave.

Merger proposal I
I propose that National Memorial Hall (Mount Herzl) be merged into Mount Herzl. National Memorial Hall (Mount Herzl) has very little content, and in fact, the Hall has not yet been built. I think the best way to handle this would be a merge. Beastiepaws (talk) 07:35, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * why tou want to delet articles that are different ?. maybe this Memorial is going to be like the Australian War Memorial. the construction stopped just because someone want to add the names of victims of terrorism in israel. פארוק (talk) 19:44, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Maybe you should have a look at WP:NOTCRYSTAL. I'm happy to have the planned memorial hall mentioned in Mount Herzl-- I just don't see that a few lines about a plan to build something needs a separate article.  Beastiepaws (talk) 22:37, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Doesn't bother me in the slightest, either way. If it gets enough information later on, it could always be split back out again.  Pesky  (talk ) 07:43, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Deletion

 * Mount Herzl Disaster
 * Ancient Jewish burial cave
 * Mount Herzl plaza

Mitzpe Karem
it is outside of the cemetery in Jerusalem Forest near YAD VESHEM. פארוק (talk) 10:30, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Garden of the Missing Soldiers be merged into Mount Herzl. I think that the content in the Garden of the Missing Soldiers really only exists in the context of Mount Herzl, and the Mount Herzl article is of a reasonable size, and that the description of the Garden in the Mount Herzl article is better written and more complete than this one, anyway. Beastiepaws (talk) 07:01, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
 * After deleting a lot of important information i don't care. פארוק (talk) 07:15, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't see anything wrong with having a separate article on the plot for Israeli MIAs, although it needs referencing. The Mount Herzl article could have a short description of it and a link to the main article.--Geewhiz (talk) 07:32, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't have a problem with it in principle, but as it stands, the article is even stubbier than the content in Mount Herzl Beastiepaws (talk) 08:24, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

2019 merge proposal
I propose to merge Garden of the Missing in Action into Mount Herzl. The Garden of the Missing in Action article is very brief-- basically, just a content fork I'd like to unfork. Pepper Beast   (talk)  20:39, 17 January 2019 (UTC) ts
 * Nobody has done anything about this tag since 2012. I believe the article should be left alone. Just because it is on Mt. Herzl is no reason for it not to have a self-standing entry. In the United States, there is an entry for the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington). Nobody has argued that it must be merged in Arlington Cemetery.--Geewhiz (talk) 07:50, 16 July 2019 (UTC) – copied from – wbm1058 (talk) 16:14, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

More on name
Hi, I just came across this page and think it's very well done from the military cemetery point of view. However, at the end it starts discussing other things on the mountain, like Yad Vashem. It seems to me that the page should be renamed Mount Herzl Military Cemetery and a short, new page started for Mount Herzl. Best, Yoninah (talk) 10:52, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

 * the article covers more than just the miliary cemetery. there are other parts of the cemetery that are not military, for example. what would you put under 'mount herzl'? Soosim (talk) 11:22, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, I see what you're talking about. The article does do a good job of listing all the things on Mount Herzl. I think what threw me off was the lead, that states "Mount Herzl is Israel's national cemetery", without saying whether that means the national civil cemetery or the national military cemetery. Per WP:LEAD, the lead should be rewritten to describe all the sites on the mountain. Yoninah (talk) 23:02, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * yep! Soosim (talk) 08:18, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

One might ask: I come from Baden württemberg. And Schwäbbisch is MOST Close to Jiddisch. So, if Knessetis on Mount Herzl, the Mount of REMEMBRANCE, Herzl is Schwäbisch and Bayrisch, and means, sweet little heart. so, if REMEMBRANCE is reflected to HEart, What is currently going on in Europe?? Do they Really remember the Heart for their Families ? Theodor Herzl.... The bleeding heart of Jesus. Do they Remember? I have the impression that the missionated Protestants in Southern Germany, based on Luther, and Melanchton are most of Jewish offspring. Please have a heart for our Families. Can someone point this out somehow? It is like Holocaust means Greek: Fire. and in Israel there is the Scrolls of Fire monument. I would say, there is something very strange. Please remember the heart for our families. I bet it is related. --Wikistallion (talk) 16:44, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Christian and Muslims
Christian and Muslims are also buried there. and also commemorated on the memorials. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.179.154.235 (talk) 10:18, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Christians and Muslims are not buried in Jewish cemeteries in Israel. Non-Jewish soldiers who are killed in battle, such as Druze soldiers, are buried in their hometowns. If you have a source for this information, please provide it. Yoninah (talk) 21:42, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * yoninah - there are. it might require OR by wiki standards, but they are there. there are several from daliat al-carmel, usifiyah, and tuba-zangiryye and other arab and druze villages. it is easily searchable on http://www.izkor.gov.il/SearchCity.aspx - do jerusalem/har herzl. if you want, you can export to excel and search by village, or by name (ahmed, etc.). these are actual burials and not just a memorial thing. Soosim (talk) 08:08, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * i am not sure, again, but maybe there is a way to phrase this so it is clear but vague? something like: "According to the government memorial site, both Christians and Muslims are buried in Mt. Herzl as well, though in a separate section, as per religious law."  - comments? Soosim (talk) 13:02, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, I am unable to search town by town in Hebrew. I did a Google and Google Book search on "Christian and Muslim burials on Mount Herzl" and found absolutely nothing, aside from our Wikipedia article ;). Your "clear but vague" sentence sounds find, Soosim, if you can provide a reliable source. Yoninah (talk) 22:50, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * there is no RS at all. and from what i can see from a few that i checked, they might not be buried at har herzl. rather, they have a stone marker there, but it is not clear if they are buried there. all are from 1948, and google searches lead me to believe that they were 'MIA', but i have no RS for it. Soosim (talk) 06:04, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
 * So I think we should delete the section, because Wikipedia is the only place on the net that says Christians and Muslims are buried at Mt. Herzl. Yoninah (talk) 12:36, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Soosim, your rewording and referencing note are most satisfactory. I hope I can work on this page more when I have time. Yoninah (talk) 20:50, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
 * and thank you. keep up the good work. Soosim (talk) 04:41, 25 April 2013 (UTC)

Ancient burial cave
can you please tell me a more details about the cave ? . Shimisimi (talk) 16:24, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

Nations Garden
every tree have a sign with a board that telling about the leader that visit Israel. but I don't know if it's only leaders or also diplomatic persons. Shimisimi (talk) 16:52, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

Earlier names?
If the hill is 800 metres high, it's likely that it had some name before it became associated with Herzl. Any sources on what it was called during the Ottoman period, or in the Middle ages? 192.121.232.253 (talk) 11:32, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mount Herzl


text:
Talk:Great Flood of 1993

Untitled
what about someone who believes in a Great Flood brittney s rules
 * That would be covered under Great Flood, which redirects to Deluge (mythology). - jredmond 22:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

i think that this website is not smart because someone could easily edit and destroy this website....--65.188.212.23 18:46, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * And it's just as easy, if not easier, to fix the place. - jredmond 20:32, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
I just spotted a piece of vandalism from the page, in the causes category, but it was removed before I could correct it, just thought it might be useful to mention. TheNightTerror 2:10 am, August 30, 2007

What about Iowa?
There's some discussion of the early-season flooding in Iowa. Perhaps someone could get a picture from there? IIRC, it did quite a number on Des Moines. Renaissongsman 14:33, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

I do know that the Cedar River did have an overflow during this flood. I was one of the youngest survivors at the time. Bramblestar (ShadowClan Leader) (talk) 21:42, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Ever since the Iowa Flood of 2008, I've been researching both the Great Flood of 1993 and Hurricane Katrina. Cedar Rapids was damaged by the Flood of 1993. From watching my city's downtown area become submerged, I learned about a storm that happened from July 4th-July 5th in 1993. My house wasn't hit either time. Bramblestar (ShadowClan Leader) (talk) 21:28, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

better pic needed
I can't believe that the barn pic is the best thing anyone could find. Doesn't anyone else remember the river roaring through that levee breech and just annihilating that farmhouse, then bulldozing all the trees for a quarter-mile?--Mike18xx 08:27, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I think I do. At any rate, I've replaced the photo with one that might have more impact. IIRC, we I visited the Missouri Capitol that summer, it was even a tad higher than what is shown in this photo from the Army Corp Of Engineers. Renaissongsman 14:14, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

The caption needs to be changed -- the Capitol was never in danger. It is at significantly higher elevation than the flood waters (tens of feet at least). The extent of the flood was mind-blowing, but our Capitol was safe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.5.62.70 (talk) 15:56, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It's roughly 50 feet of elevation between the driveway of the House Parking Garage shown in the picture which was threatened at the highest point of the flood (577ft ) and the lowest entrance of the capitol (621ft). The capitol was built on a natural high point, then the hill was built up around it up to the level of the basement. (I don't know a good online source for this part of the construction. There are pictures of the process, plans and blueprints on display in the basement of the capitol near House Hearing Room 3 and House Hearing Rooms 6 and 7. That said, those details are likely not relevant for the Wikipedia article.) I am going to change it to "limited access to" instead. I don't know if such a caption needs a reference, but the Secretary of State has a picture from another angle that shows how close it came to total closure of roads approaching the capitol from the west side. 168.166.55.11 (talk) 21:54, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

The flood and KC's airport
This article states that the was the impetus for the creation of a new airport (KCI) away from the river, in reference to the downtown airport. I thought that the need for KCI arose out of the fact that the runways of the downtown airport could not be expanded to handle larger jets, constrained by local geography (one end of the runway ends right at the river). There were other reasons for building it way out there that had to do with planning the growth of the city, and though I'm having trouble pinning it down, I don't recall the need to escape the possibility of the river flooding being a significant factor. Anyways, I'll mark that segment as citation needed for a bit and see if anyone knows the answer. --Reverend Loki 16:59, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The damaged airport was Fairfax Airport in KCK (where TWA had its overhaul base and where Mid-Continent Airlines delivered the airmail). I rewrote the section to make it clearer. Americasroof 17:34, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

water volumes in relation to flood height
Someone should document the controversy between what the Corp of Engineers says and what academics (who imho know what is going on) say about what historic flood volumes were and how the Corp changed historic floods amounts, some say to make it look like the levee program had less effect on flood levels. Books were written by Robert Criss and Pinter if I remember right.

My first comment, I hope I did it right.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.81.244.221 (talk) 15:33, 9 March 2007

 * Welcome to Wikipedia! You got it close, but not quite right.  Might want to glance oer the talk page guidelines when you get a chance.  Remember, new comments go on the bottom of the page, and always sign your talk page posts.  I'm assuming you tried to do so with the three equals signs, but that's not the right symbol to use.  The best way to sign is with four tildes (~), which is found in the upper left corner of your keyboard (most likely, anyways).  I also highly recommend that you create an account and sign into it whenever you make an edit - helps you to keep track of what you've done, as well as creates a unique identifier for yourself on here, and makes it easier for people to leave you messages.  Anyways, you make some excellent points... --Reverend Loki 22:33, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

On a related note, I wonder if the figures quoted in the introductory section of this article should also have the United States customary units conversions, for those who use that system of measure instead of the metric system. Briguy52748 00:50, 12 March 2007 (UTC)]]
 * since this is an article on a US flood, and the rest of the article uses US units with metric conversions, I'm wondering why there aren't primary customary units in the intro. --J Clear 02:01, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

I would like to have noted the total volume of water comparisions between the major Mississippi floods. I'd be willing to bet that the total volume of the 1993 Flood was several times that of any of the other floods. It didn't just last a week or two. It lasted months. Water was a problem the entire summer, over pretty much all of Iowa, southern Minnesota, eastern South Dakota & Nebraska, northern Missouri, and also in Wisconsin and Illinois. --71.214.221.153 (talk) 04:23, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

Remove Wife Link
There's a link to wife in the causes section which I think should be removed. The page on wife doesn't bear any relevance to this page and the presence of the link only serves as a distraction to the reader. Note, I'm not proposing to change any of the text, merely to remove the link (I'm not sure if it would be considered a minor edit which is why I brought it up here). Aluchko 00:47, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Flood marker
I've uploaded a flood marker from St. Charles, MO if there is any interest in using it for the page. --Kenneth M Burke 23:12, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

??
$15 Billion Bajillion in damages? 24.16.45.133 (talk) 00:56, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

The Flood of 1993 caused a very large amount of damage. For more information, read Flood: Wrestling With the Mississippi By: Patricia Lauber

Prevention Techniques
Just a thought, this topic could maybe include the flood preventions put in place as a result of the floods ... that is, if there were any.

Many years ago the mississippi river flooded and then it lastred for about 144 days it was bad —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.160.236.121 (talk) 03:19, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

New Orleans
Why was the lower Mississippi spared? 97.85.163.245 (talk) 07:13, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

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"Mississippi River flooding" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Mississippi River flooding and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 April 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Hog Farm Talk 00:39, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

“The whole of downtown St. Louis would have been under water” LOL
No. No it wouldn’t have. St. Louis was built on top of the western bluff of the river valley. Even at 52’ of flood it would still have another 40ft of flood before it topped the “first” street downtown. Come on. 2600:1700:7AA0:CE90:A166:2F33:1377:6EBA (talk) 07:30, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Ridiculous statement for many reasons. Removed. Schierbecker (talk) 03:24, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Flood of 1993


text:
Jacob Miller (musician)

Jacob Miller (4 May 1952 – 23 March 1980) was a Jamaican reggae artist and Rastafari from Mandeville, Jamaica. His first recording session was with the famous Clement "Sir Coxsone" Dodd in the late 1960s. While pursuing a solo career, he became the lead singer for Inner Circle, a famous roots reggae band. Miller recorded and toured with Inner Circle before he died in a car crash in early 1980 at age 27.

Early life
Born in Mandeville, Jamaica, in 1952, he was the only son of Joan Ashman, a choir singer and pianist. He never knew his father, Desmond Elliot. As a child, he was mainly raised by his great aunt. His mother recounts him having an especially friendly personality. One day in Half Way Tree, he threw all his money in the air to give away to friends. According to his mother, he had a strong inclination toward music—often playing rhythms with his hands or drumsticks on pots, pans, and various items. In 1960, at the age of eight, he moved to Kingston, Jamaica.

First Recordings
The move to Kingston would prove to be a seminal event in his life. Although still very young, Miller began spending much of his spare time hanging around the city's recording studios, most notably Clement "Sir Coxsone" Dodd's now-famous Studio One. He was hoping to become the studio's next big child star.

At just thirteen years old, he recorded three songs at Studio One for Dodd, but most notably "Love is a Message". The two brothers and owners of the Rockers Sound System, Horace and Garth Swaby, played the song often around the time of its release (Horace would later become famous under the stage name Augustus Pablo). Unfortunately for Miller, the song did not garner any real success, nor did it get much attention from Dodd, however it resulted in Horace Swaby befriending Miller and sparking an interest in him as a musician with potential.

Musical career
After the Swaby brothers launched their own label in 1972, Horace—who'd taken the stage name Augustus Pablo—recorded a version of "Love is a Message" called "Keep on Knocking" in 1974. In the next year and a half, Miller recorded five more songs for Pablo, "Baby I Love You So", "False Rasta", "Who Say Jah No Dread", "Each One Teach One", and "Girl Named Pat", each of which became a Rockers classic with King Tubby dubs on their b-sides. These singles developed Miller's reputation as a great singer, and their success ultimately drew Inner Circle to hire him as a replacement lead singer.

Inner Circle was an emerging reggae group made popular playing covers of American Top 40 hits. Band leader Roger Lewis said Jacob Miller was "always happy and jovial. He always made jokes. Everyone liked jokes." Adding Miller as lead singer, the band's lineup was Roger Lewis on guitar, Ian Lewis on bass, Bernard "Touter" Harvey on keyboards, and Rasheed McKenzie on drums. Coining Miller as Jacob "Killer" Miller, the group continued to build popularity. In 1976, Inner Circle signed with Capitol Records. They released two albums, Reggae Thing in 1976 and Ready for the World in 1977.

While recording, Miller continued pursuing a solo career, recording "Forward Jah Jah Children," "Girl Don't Come" produced by Gussie Clarke, and "I'm a Natty" produced by Joe Gibbs. "I'm a Natty" is a cover of The Wailers song "Soul Rebel" from the album of the same name. "I'm a Natty" features sampling from the Wailers' original track and its lyrics changed by Miller. He earned second place in Jamaica's 1976 Festival Song competition with the song "All Night 'Till Daylight" and produced his first solo album in 1976, Tenement Yard. While most of Miller's solo work was backed by Inner Circle members, his preferred rockers style diverged from the tendency of Inner Circle to experiment with other genres, including pop, soul, funk and disco. The track which has brought him the most lasting recognition is the dub reggae hit "King Tubby Meets The Rockers Uptown" with Augustus Pablo, a dub of "Baby I Love You So," engineered by King Tubby. Decades later in 2004, the popular Grand Theft Auto video game franchise would use the song in the game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas on their in-game reggae radio station K-Jah West.

Other notable tracks featuring Miller's vocals with Augustus Pablo's music and/or dubs include "Keep on Knocking", "False Rasta", and "Who Say Jah No Dread". The album Who Say Jah No Dread features two versions of each of these tracks; the original and a dub engineered by King Tubby.

Acting and Personality
Miller made an eponymous cameo appearance in the cult classic roots reggae film Rockers, alongside several roots reggae musicians including Gregory Isaacs and Burning Spear. In Rockers, Miller plays a singer for a hotel's house band—which is in fact Inner Circle—who are joined on drums by the film's eponymous hero, Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace (himself a musician). The band plays a shortened, live version of Inner Circle's hit "Tenement Yard" during a scene. The film features what is, thus far, the only publicly-accessible video footage of Miller when he was not on stage. Rockers depicts Miller as he was in real life—a fun-loving and eccentric reggae singer who loved to play, eat, and sing.

1978: The One Love Peace Concert and "Heartland Reggae" (film)
In what were possibly his greatest performances of all time, Miller appeared at the One Love Peace Concert in 1978. The "Peace Concert" took place at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica on 22 April 1978, along with many of the most popular reggae acts of the day. Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, U-Roy, Judy Mowatt, Dennis Brown, Althea and Donna, and many more roots reggae artists and locally famous Rastafari were in attendance. The event drew countrywide attention. Rising tensions between the two dominant political parties, the Jamaica Labor Party and the People's National Party, had many Jamaicans worried the concert would erupt into violence. Two bitter political rivals—Edward Seaga and incumbent Prime Minister Michael Manley—were to meet onstage and shake hands in front of Miller. Inner Circle wrote a song specially for the occasion titled "Peace Treaty", which was a reggae interpretation of the popular folk tune "When Johnny Comes Marching Home".

Jacob Miller and Inner Circle sets are featured prominently in the concert documentary film Heartland Reggae, which showcases the musical performances at the "One Love Peace Concert", and chronicles the historical event of the aforementioned two political rivals shaking hands onstage. Miller played two separate sets at the concert—one at night on the main stage opening for Bob Marley and the Wailers, and during the daytime the following day on a small stage in an open field near the National Stadium. In both sets, Miller and Inner Circle played their new "Peace Treaty" song. During Inner Circle's daytime set on a smaller stage nearby—as highlighted in the film Heartland Reggae—Miller brazenly donned a policeman's hat and lit an enormous spliff (until 2015 cannabis was strictly illegal in Jamaica), followed by cheers of delight from the audience.

Later life and death
In March 1980, Jacob Miller went with Bob Marley and Island Records founder Chris Blackwell to Brazil, to celebrate Island opening new offices in South America. Not long after returning to Jamaica Sunday, 23 March 1980, Miller and one of his sons died in a car accident on Hope Road in Kingston, Jamaica. Miller and Inner Circle had been preparing for an American tour with Bob Marley and the Wailers, and the next album, Mixed Up Moods, had been recorded before his death. The papers praised Miller in the announcement of his death, saying, "He took the world by storm and would be missed for his playfulness, gaiety and laughter." Additionally, Archbishop Yeshaq of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church who hosted his funeral service said that "Miller had a desire to help those in the ghetto [...] and made a plea for man to stop destroying his own brothers and sisters."

Jacob Miller was the cousin of British reggae artist Maxi Priest. Every year his Christmas album goes on heavy rotation during the holiday season in Jamaica, and is enjoyed amongst Jamaicans abroad as well.

title: Jacob Miller (musician)


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Adam Levine

Adam Noah Levine (, ; born March 18, 1979) is an American singer and musician who serves as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and sole continuous member of the pop rock band Maroon 5.

Levine began his musical career in 1994 with the band Kara's Flowers, of which he was the lead vocalist and lead guitarist. After the commercial failure of their only album, The Fourth World, the group was reformed in 2001 as Maroon 5 – with James Valentine replacing him as lead guitarist. In 2002, they released their first album, Songs About Jane, which went multi-platinum in the US; since then, they have released six more albums: It Won't Be Soon Before Long (2007), Hands All Over (2010), Overexposed (2012), V (pronounced: "five") (2014), Red Pill Blues (2017), and Jordi (2021). As part of Maroon 5, Levine has received multiple accolades, including three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist, Levine achieved further commercial success with a guest appearance on the Gym Class Heroes single "Stereo Hearts", which reached the top 5 of the US Billboard Hot 100 in 2011.

From 2011 to 2019, Levine was a coach on NBC's reality talent show The Voice. The winners of multiple seasons (1, 5, and 9) belonged to his team. Levine is set to return to the show for the 27th season in 2025. In 2012, Levine made his acting debut as the recurring character Leo Morrison in the second season of the television series American Horror Story. He also appeared in the films Begin Again (2013), Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016), Fun Mom Dinner and The Clapper (both 2017). Levine launched his eponymous fragrance line in 2013. The same year, he collaborated with Kmart and ShopYourWay.com to develop his menswear collection. He also owns a record label, 222 Records, and a production company, 222 Productions, which produced television shows Sugar and Songland. In 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that "sources familiar with his many business dealings" estimated Levine would earn more than $35 million that year.

Early life
Adam Noah Levine was born on March 18, 1979, in Los Angeles to Fredric Levine, the founder of retail chain M. Fredric, and Patsy (née Noah) Levine, an admissions counselor. They divorced when he was seven and Levine underwent therapy. Growing up, he spent weekdays with his mother and weekends with his father. He has a younger brother. Levine's father and maternal grandfather were Jewish, while his maternal grandmother was a Protestant. Levine considers himself Jewish; however, according to The Jewish Chronicle, he is spiritual but not religious. He chose not to have a Bar Mitzvah as a child because of the custom of receiving Bar Mitzvah gifts, explaining: "I felt as though a lot of kids were trying to cash in ... I just don't think it's the most respectful way to deal with God and beliefs and years and years and years of cultural heritage." Levine is a nephew of journalist and author Timothy Noah, and television producer and writer Peter Noah.

Levine describes his family as "very musical" and credits his mother with "start[ing] me out on the path." He also attributes his mother's idols – Simon & Garfunkel, Fleetwood Mac, and The Beatles – to shaping his musical style, calling them "a huge part of my upbringing". Levine attended Brentwood School, where he met Jesse Carmichael and Mickey Madden, his future bandmates. He carried his musical interests to high school, where he states he was "a little rebellious. I didn't want to do the things they were teaching me ... [music] consumed my every thought."

Kara's Flowers
In February 1994, Levine, along with friends Jesse Carmichael, Mickey Madden, and Ryan Dusick formed garage band Kara's Flowers. In 1995, the group played their first gig at the Whisky a Go Go, a nightclub in West Hollywood, California, with Levine performing vocals and guitar. The band was discovered while they were performing in Malibu by independent producer Tommy Allen, who along with his partner John DeNicola, had them record an 11-track album. Owing to a string of industry showcases in Los Angeles, they were signed on to Reprise Records through producer Rob Cavallo.

In August 1997, the band released their first album, titled The Fourth World and also appeared on an episode of the drama series Beverly Hills, 90210. Despite high expectations, it had little success, selling about 5,000 copies. Reprise decided to drop the band after Cavallo's exit from the label. Disappointed with the results of their album, the band broke up. Later, Levine would say of the experience: "Kara's Flowers was just floating up the wall beneath the sticks. Make a record quickly, put it out. No touring base, no nothing. Just try to make it happen right out of the gate and it just doesn't work".

Maroon 5
After the break up of Kara's Flowers, Levine, along with Carmichael, left Los Angeles to pursue higher studies at Five Towns College in New York. On MTV News, in 2002, he said: "That's when I started waking up to the whole hip-hop, R&B thing. We had friends named Chaos and Shit. It was not Brentwood High". They dropped out after a semester, and reunited with Madden and Dusick to form a band once more. They experimented with several styles, including country and folk, before deciding groove-based music would become their genre. Levine explained the need for a makeover for the band: "We were just so sick of being a typical rock 'n' roll band ... I felt like I needed to look elsewhere for vocal inspiration." The band put together a demo that was rejected by several labels, before it caught the attention of Octone Records executives James Diener, Ben Berkman, and David Boxenbaum. Following Berkman's advice, the band added a fifth member, James Valentine, and was renamed Maroon 5. In an interview with HitQuarters, Berkman explained that Levine "seemed to be a very shy, shoe-gazing type ... a fifth member could play the guitar to free up the singer [Levine], so he could be the star I perceived him to be".

Around this time, Levine had been working as a writer's assistant on the CBS television show Judging Amy; the program's producer Barbara Hall was his family friend. While on the show, he would spend time writing songs about his ex-girlfriend. These songs were put into Maroon 5's debut album Songs About Jane, which was released in June 2002. The album slowly gained airplay, and eventually became a sleeper hit, selling an estimated 10 million copies and becoming the tenth best-selling album of 2004, two years after its release. In 2005, Maroon 5 won their first Grammy Award, for Best New Artist. The next year, they won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for the second Songs About Jane single "This Love".

By 2006, the band began recording again, and in May 2007, Maroon 5's second album It Won't Be Soon Before Long was released. Levine described the album as "a vast improvement", explaining: "I think this record is a little more self-confident and powerful lyrically". To support the album, the band performed on a ten-date club tour which visited small venues in Europe and the United States from April to June 2007. The album and its lead, third and penultimate singles ("Makes Me Wonder", "Won't Go Home Without You" and "If I Never See Your Face Again", respectively) each received Grammy nominations, although only "Makes Me Wonder" secured a win.

After winding down from a world tour in support of It Won't Be Soon Before Long, the band began recording in Switzerland in 2009, in collaboration with record producer and songwriter Robert John "Mutt" Lange. Levine said Lange "worked me harder than anyone ever has". In 2010, Maroon 5 released their third studio album, Hands All Over. The album did not initially meet expectations. In an interview with Los Angeles Times, Levine explained that the album suffered from being "all these disparate ideas and songs that didn't make any sense together". After the moderate success of the album's first three singles, the band released "Moves like Jagger" (featuring Christina Aguilera) which Levine classified as "one of those songs that was definitely a risk; it's a bold statement". The single became a worldwide success; it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 8.5 million copies and,, the eighth-best-selling digital single of all time. Levine later credited the song with "totally reviving the band".

Since "Moves Like Jagger" was the first time Maroon 5 had collaborated with an outside writer, the band decided to attempt it again on their next album, entitled Overexposed. Its title is supposedly an allusion to Levine's public ubiquity. In an interview with Rolling Stone, he opined that is their most dance-driven album ever, commenting: "It's very much an old-fashioned disco tune. I have a love/hate relationship with it – but mostly I love it". The album and its lead single "Payphone" gave Maroon 5 their second Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance nominations. In support of Overexposed, the band conducted the Overexposed Tour from 2012 to 2013 (with the European leg extending to 2014 due to scheduling conflicts), and also headlined the 2013 Honda Civic Tour, which included The Voice contestant Tony Lucca.

In 2014, Maroon 5 continued their collaboration with Ryan Tedder, Max Martin and others to release their fifth studio album V (pronounced: "five"). Levine acknowledged that they followed the same song-writing process that they tried with Overexposed, saying: "We developed a really nice system on the last record — we found songs we were passionate about, developed them and put our stamp on them ... this time we kept it going but looked for different types of songs." Five singles were released from it. In support of the album, the band undertook the Maroon V Tour, which kicked off with a show in Dallas in February 2015.

In 2007, Levine had stated that he believed Maroon 5 was reaching its peak and might make one more album before disbanding. He was quoted explaining: "Eventually I want to focus on being a completely different person because I don't know if I want to do this into my 40s and 50s and beyond". But in 2010, he dispelled any rumors of the band breaking up, saying:"I love what I do and think that, yes, it might be tiring and complicated at times [but] we don't have any plans on disbanding any time soon". He has also turned down the idea of having a solo career, stating that "there will never be a solo record. I would sooner have another band". On February 10, 2017, Levine received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the recording industry.

Musical collaborations
Levine has collaborated with several musical artists. In 2005, he was featured on the song "Live Again" by hip-hop duo Ying Yang Twins. The same year, he appeared on Kanye West's album Late Registration, on the third single "Heard 'Em Say", a collaboration Levine called "very pure and very easy". The song was created during an airplane flight that he and West shared, and its refrain was later used for the Maroon 5 song "Nothing Lasts Forever" from It Won't Be Soon Before Long. He also appeared on Alicia Keys' third album Alicia Keys: MTV Unplugged, as part of the cover of The Rolling Stones song "Wild Horses". Around the same time, he featured on fellow Octone Records singer K'naan's single "Bang Bang".

In 2009, he recorded "Gotten", a song for Slash's first solo album Slash (2010).

In February 2010, he was among approximately 80 musicians who sang on the charity-single remake of "We Are the World", called "We Are the World 25 for Haiti".

In 2011, he appeared on the Gym Class Heroes song, "Stereo Hearts". Levine also worked with hip-hop artist 50 Cent on his song "My Life", recording the vocals almost two years before it was released as a single in 2012, which included rapper Eminem.

In 2013, Levine wrote a song called "My Most Terrible Secret" performed by the cast of Community, in the episode "Intro to Felt Surrogacy".

In 2015, Levine was featured on the song "Painkiller" by Rozzi Crane and the duo, R. City's single "Locked Away".

In 2016, Levine collaborated with The Lonely Island for the song "I'm So Humble", on the soundtrack album Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, which they also appeared in the film of the same name.

In April 2019, Levine and 29 other musical acts were featured on the charity single "Earth", which raises climate change awareness. In late 2019, Levine collaborated with American actor and musician Joe Pesci, on his third album Pesci... Still Singing, with two songs "Baby Girl" and a cover of Stevie Wonder's "My Cherie Amour".

In 2020, Levine was featured on two songs "Trust Nobody", with rapper Lil Wayne on his album Funeral and "Same Guy" by Jack Harlow on the album Thats What They All Say.

Levine is also featured as a singer for his band's song "She Will Be Loved" in the music rhythm game, Band Hero. Levine has contributed with two songs for the soundtracks of the John Carney films: "Lost Stars" in Begin Again and "Go Now" in Sing Street.

Television, film and media
Levine has made four notable comic appearances on television. During 2007, he appeared in the 33rd-season premiere of Saturday Night Live in an SNL Digital Short called Iran So Far, performing with Andy Samberg, Fred Armisen and Jake Gyllenhaal. Levine played himself while singing a humorous bridge to a "love song" for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In 2008, he performed on Comedy Central's "Night of Too Many Stars". He also had a cameo on Jimmy Kimmel Live! for the night of stars and endorsed Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential Election. In 2013, he hosted Saturday Night Live and featured alongside Kendrick Lamar on Lonely Island's digital short "YOLO", which parodies the acronym for "You Only Live Once." His hosting was generally disliked by reviewers, who called it "mediocre" and "subpar." He appeared on season 40 of SNL where he played Freddie Mercury and sang a snippet of "Bohemian Rhapsody" in the "Joan Rivers" sketch.

From 2011 to 2019, Levine served as a contestant judge/coach on the reality talent television show, The Voice. The contestants of his team who won in the series are Javier Colon (season 1), Tessanne Chin (season 5) and Jordan Smith (season 9). The Voice has been credited with reviving Maroon 5's "faltering" career after the sub-par sales of Hands All Over as well as increasing Levine's popularity. According to polling firm E-Poll Market Research, awareness of Levine has nearly tripled since he joined the show. He has also been described as the "breakout" star of the series, with #TeamAdam and @AdamLevine scoring a respective 203,000 and 2.14 million Twitter mentions in the show's third season, higher than all the other coaches. In 2013, The Hollywood Reporter estimated that Levine was paid $10–12 million for each season of The Voice. In May 2019, Levine left the series after sixteen seasons and eight years. In June 2024, it was revealed that Levine would return to The Voice for the 27th season set to air in the spring of 2025.

In 2012, Levine appeared as a recurring character in American Horror Story: Asylum, the second season of the television series American Horror Story. He plays Leo Morrison, a newly-wed photographer visiting modern-day Briarcliff Manor, an insane asylum, on honeymoon with his wife, played by Jenna Dewan. The scenes were shot around his band's summer touring schedule. In an interview with E!, he said of his role: "It sounded like so much fun and that's why I wanted to do it ... this sounds, like, hysterical, funny, dark and cool and right up my alley". However, he admitted to not being a fan of the show nor horror genre in general, stating he didn't watch the episodes because "it's just so weird and disturbing".

In June 2012, Levine was cast in the musical romance-drama film Begin Again (originally titled Can a Song Save Your Life?). The film was directed by John Carney and Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo acted in the lead roles. In it, he plays Dave Kohl, Knightley's songwriting partner and former boyfriend of five years, who leaves her behind on finding success in the music industry. The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival to generally favorable reviews from critics.

In November 2013, Levine was named People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive, becoming the first singer and the second non-actor (after John F. Kennedy, Jr.) to claim the title. He was ranked No. 41 on Glamour's "Sexiest Men of 2012" list. In 2008, he appeared on People's "Single and Sexy Men" list. He was elected TV's Most Crushworthy Male Reality Host/Judge in a poll held by Zap2it. In April 2012, Shalom Life ranked him Number 7 on its list of "Top 50 Hottest Jewish men in the world". Levine stripped naked for testicular cancer awareness for a centerfold in Cosmopolitan UK's February 2011 issue.

222 Productions
In 2013, Levine started a production company 222 Productions and the first project was Sugar (2018), a YouTube Premium web television series which was inspired by the music video for the Maroon 5 song of the same name. It follows music artists to crash events for unsuspecting fans. The company produced a reality competition series Songland, which premiered on NBC on May 28, 2019, where Levine served as executive producer. The company signed a deal with Wheelhouse Entertainment.

Business ventures and endorsements
In October 2008, Levine collaborated with First Act to create the First Act 222 Guitar, which was fashioned to his specifications. The guitar was sold via Target stores. Two years later he launched his own fashion line, entitled "222", at the Project Trade Show in Las Vegas. The collection features jeans, basic T-shirts and leather jackets. The venture was organized in partnership with his father, Fred Levine (who operates a chain of specialty boutiques), and his cousin, Sami Cooper.

In June 2011, Levine took part in an educational campaign to raise awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The project, titled "Own It", was created by Shire and organized in collaboration with the Attention Deficit Disorder Association (ADDA), Children and Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (CHADHD). The project targets people who were previously diagnosed with the disorder, focusing on how it may continue into adulthood. Levine, who himself was diagnosed with ADHD as a teenager, said: "This campaign is important to me because it can help young adults and adults realize that there's a chance they may still have ADHD if they had it as a kid". In connection to this, he wrote an article in ADDitude Magazine about his personal experience with it.

Levine founded his own record label, 222 Records in February 2012. He stated that he was inspired to start the label to sign on Rozzi Crane, an USC music student he discovered through a mutual friend. She became the first singer signed on to the label, followed by Glee actor Matthew Morrison, Mexican artist Diego Boneta, and The Voice season 2 contestant and part of Team Adam, the singer Tony Lucca. It was reported that he was negotiating further with potential distributors, as well as organizing staff, to operate as a full-fledged record company with departments such as marketing, radio and publicity.

In September 2012, Levine was in the Philippines to collaborate with the clothing company Bench; they launched the menswear collection. In January 2013, Levine announced he would be enter a partnership with Sears Holdings to launch a multi-department lifestyle brand of apparel and accessories collections. The company owns Kmart and ShopYourWay, a shopping social platform; it also includes rapper Nicki Minaj in the same contract. The menswear collection was launched on October 1 that year and conducts business via 500 Kmart stores across the US, as well as online. In an official statement, Levine said: "Partnering with ShopYourWay to develop this line was an exciting opportunity for me and I am really looking forward to diving into the process of designing an apparel and accessory collection". In an interview with People, he commented further, "it was cool that they really promoted creative control. I like to be involved with process rather than just phoning it in". Later, Levine became a celebrity spokesperson for Proactiv. In the commercial, Levine shares details about his acne experiences in high school, and promotes Proactiv Plus.

Levine collaborated with ID Perfumes to create his debut eponymous scent. The line was launched at the Premiere Fragrance Installation in Los Angeles in February 2013. The fragrance range, consisting of scents for both for men and women, is sold through Macy's department stores in microphone-shaped bottles. Speaking at its launch, Levine said: "The task was to make something that I would wear. So that was a process and we finally came to a great conclusion and it smells great" The fragrance garnered media attention for contradicting his tweet the previous year, in which he said that he wanted to "put an official ban on celebrity fragrances. Punishable by death from this point forward". In January 2020, Levine announced that he is the new Ambassador of the brand Shure for the wireless earphones and headphones, the Aonic 215 and 50, is available on electronic stores on April 2, 2020.

Artistry
Levine's interest in music started at around ten years of age, when he first started playing the guitar. He found music as an outlet for his feelings, stating: "I picked up a guitar and that was it. I fell so madly in love with it, it's all I did". He performed his first professional gig at The Troubadour when he was twelve, but he was so nervous that he played with his back to the audience. Throughout his childhood, he had a wide range of musical influences, including The Beatles, Fleetwood Mac, The Who, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, and Nirvana, and, in high school, Bob Marley, Bill Withers, Al Green, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Phish and Michael Jackson. He has also incorporated elements of The Police and Prince into his music. In an interview with Billboard, he explained the diversity of his influences: "I love every single kind of music ... even the most saccharine, sugary pop song can be the greatest thing ever. But so can a 25-minute crazy avant-garde fusion gnarly Herbie Hancock jam from the '70s".

Levine remembers that listening to "Are You That Somebody?" by Aaliyah convinced him to pursue a more soulful sound than that of the band he was performing with at the time, Kara's Flowers. His move to New York introduced him to a new music scene that involved hip-hop, R&B, gospel and soul music. He took to changing his musical style, extensively emulating Stevie Wonder. Subsequently, Songs About Jane was released, deemed "bluesy funk" and similar to the sound of English pop rock band Busted. Critics also drew comparisons between Levine and Jamiroquai singer Jay Kay.

While earlier work was deemed "vaguely funky white-soul" and "rock", recent ones have been judged to have a more reggae, anthemic pop sound, evoking comparisons to Coldplay. Levine refuses to fit his music into a genre, saying: "There's so much variety in music, it's silly to belong to a specific club and try to sound a certain way". He considers himself an orthodox lyricist sticking to conventional themes, acknowledging: "Romance, love, the lack thereof are still very big themes. I haven't figured out a way to use everything yet. As a songwriter, I'm still limited to that one thing." He also claims he does not like mincing words, stating in a Rolling Stone interview: "I was so sick of typical lyrics like 'Ooh, baby' and 'I love you' and all this vague shit. I thought the more explicit I got without being totally explicit was a nice approach".

Levine is a tenor, with a 4 octave vocal range and has been noted for his falsettos. Salon wrote: "When he's crooning come-ons, his voice lends the music a satisfying lewdness, a sense of sticky physicality that gives his snaky hooks a pheromonal urgency." In a review of It Won't Be Soon Before Long, Entertainment Weekly described his vocals as "smug, R&B-slick deadpan ... there's a twisted logic to his dispassionate delivery". In another review, Allmusic wrote "he knows that he's a pop guy, somewhat in the tradition of Hall & Oates, but he isn't trying to be retro, he's ... making records that are melodic, stylish, and soulful". In a review of the 2013 Honda Civic Tour, The Boston Globe also commented positively on his on-stage presence, which "exude[s] a sense of up-for-anything playfulness ... combined with a rock solid work ethic and a clear love for their audiences and performing".

Levine's popularity outside of his musical work has seen him tagged as a "stand-alone star," which critics say have pushed other members of Maroon 5 to the backseat, even in their music. Their guitarist Valentine noted that his vocals were a central aspect around which their music revolved. Conversely, others opine that Levine's fame has been a boost to the band, with Paper writing: "Maroon 5 has managed to ebb and flow with the times ... thanks in no small part to their frontman's uncanny ability to be extremely entertaining". Delta Sky described him as "a natural, if slightly neurotic, leading man". He claims that the image was consciously cultivated, explaining: "We talked about it a long time ago and decided I would step out, for us, not for me or my own ego ... We wanted there to be a frontman."

Personal life
In early 2010, while performing at the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue release party in Las Vegas, Levine met Russian Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue model Anne Vyalitsyna and they soon began a relationship. They ended the relationship in April 2012 in an "amicable and supportive manner".

In May 2012, Levine began dating Behati Prinsloo, a Namibian Victoria's Secret model. The couple married on July 19, 2014, with Jonah Hill officiating the wedding. Levine and Prinsloo have two daughters, Dusty Rose (b. September 21, 2016) and Gio Grace (b. February 15, 2018). On January 28, 2023, Levine and Prinsloo had a third child, who is their first son.

In 2011, he made a video on Maroon 5's official YouTube account in support of the It Gets Better Project. In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the "unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8".

In 2013, Levine was mentioned in a hostile work environment lawsuit filed in Los Angeles Superior Court by an unnamed security guard who claimed that Universal Music Publishing Group's Santa Monica location was "infiltrated with pervasive drug use where you could smell marijuana seeping from various offices and openly used in common areas, and lounges". The guard claimed that when she complained about the cannabis smoke coming from one of the studios, she was told that "it's Adam Levine—if he wants to come to the lobby and do a line of cocaine on the floor, it's OK". In an official statement to The Hollywood Reporter, UMPG (Universal Music Publishing group) described the allegations as "absurd".

In July 2020, Levine and Prinsloo collaborated with Ferrari and Save the Children to raise funds to support U.S. education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, Levine and Prinsloo founded a tequila company called Calirosa. The brand's tequila bottles were made available from December 2021.

In September 2022, Levine was accused by at least four women of engaging in inappropriate behavior while he was in a relationship or married to Prinsloo. DMs, texts and TikTok videos were presented as evidence. Levine denied having an affair, but has admitted to "crossing" the line and has "addressed ... and taken proactive steps to remedy this with my family".

title: Adam Levine


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Jesse Carmichael

Jesse Royal Carmichael (born April 2, 1979) is an American musician, best known as the keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for the pop rock band, Maroon 5. He is one of only two remaining original members of the group, along with frontman Adam Levine. He also has a solo project called 1863 and a side project titled Circuit Jerks.

Early life and Kara's Flowers
Jesse Carmichael was born in Boulder, Colorado, United States. Carmichael first started playing piano at a young age, his father Bob getting him his own keyboard at age 7. The first songs he learned were Mozart and Bach tunes, with the two composers being some of his biggest influences even to this day. Carmichael began learning guitar in the seventh grade, after his older sister gifted him one for Christmas. At that point, his musical taste was largely influenced by Grunge.

Later that year, the Carmichael family would move, and Jesse would begin attending a new school, which would be Brentwood School in Los Angeles. It was there at Brentwood where he'd meet Adam Levine, Mickey Madden and Ryan Dusick. The three would introduce him to classic rock bands like The Beatles and The Kinks (although his father did show him Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band). Not long after, the four would start a band called Kara's Flowers, and almost as fast would begin searching for a label to release their music. After self-releasing an album titled We Like Digging?, the band were signed to Reprise Records. In 1997, they released their debut studio album, The Fourth World. Although the group got the help of Rob Cavallo, the album flopped, and the band would soon be dropped from the label. After the failure of The Fourth World, the band would slow down. Carmichael and Levine would attended Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York. While in college, Carmichael turned his sights back on the keyboards. After only a semester, the two would drop out and return to California, bringing with them new musical influences.

Maroon 5
On March 9, 2012, Carmichael announced he would be taking a break from performing with Maroon 5 for an undetermined amount of time to focus more on his studies of "music and the healing arts". During his hiatus, the band's touring keyboardist, PJ Morton was promoted to an official member and took over Carmichael's keyboard duties to fill-in for his absence. However several months later, on October 10, 2012, Carmichael confirmed that he would be returning to the band after they completed their Overexposed World Tour, expanding the group's membership to six after Morton's promotion. He rejoined in time for the band to record their fifth studio album V (2014). After his return to the band, he began playing guitar in the band more often, in part due to him playing it more often during his hiatus, but also due to the addition of members PJ Morton and Sam Farrar.

Personal life
On July 27, 2018, Carmichael's fiancé (now wife) Tara gave birth to their first son. On August 19, 2020, their second son was born.

Carmichael was Adam Levine’s best man during his wedding in 2014.

Carmichael spends his time trying to learn more about music. He attended Santa Monica College from 2001 to 2002, and again in 2005. Nowadays, he visits numerous teachers for his piano and guitar playing, as well as his vocal performance, and also takes orchestration lessons.

Other ventures
In 2016, Carmichael joined with musician and producer Jason Lader and formed a side project titled Circuit Jerks. The group released an extended play titled EP1 on September 9, 2016. He also released a solo EP under the name "1863", which was chosen due to it being the year Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

Maroon 5
Carmichael has featured on every Maroon 5 release except for Overexposed. Below are only the group's main albums.

 * The Fourth World (1997) (as Kara’s Flowers)
 * Songs About Jane (2002)
 * It Won't Be Soon Before Long (2007)
 * Hands All Over (2010)
 * V (2014)
 * Red Pill Blues (2017)
 * Jordi (2021)

As a solo artist, 1863

 * EP Four Songs (2012)

Other projects

 * Various Artists – Hoot: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2006)
 * VietNam – VietNam (2007)
 * Operation Aloha – Operation Aloha (2009)
 * Brandi Carlile – Give Up the Ghost (2009)
 * Ry Cuming - Ry Cuming (2010)
 * Jesse Harris – Music for Chameleons (2017)
 * Allan Clarke and Graham Nash with Adam Levine and Paul Shaffer – The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame: In Concert 2010 & 2011 (2018)
 * Jesse Harris – Aquarelle (2018)
 * Claire Rosinkranz – Beverly Hills Boyfriend (2020)
 * Morly – Til I Start Speaking (2021)

Composer

 * Thrive (2019) (short film, also executive producer)
 * Have You Heard About Greg? (2021) (co-composer with Chad Cannon and Timothy Williams)

title: Jesse Carmichael


text: File:MasterplanOasisalbumcover.jpg

title: File:MasterplanOasisalbumcover.jpg


text:
Julie Scardina

Julie Scardina is Animal Ambassador and Corporate Curator for SeaWorld, Busch Gardens, and Discovery Cove zoological parks. She was formerly curator of animal training for SeaWorld San Diego.

Scardina is a professional animal trainer and educator, who is perhaps best known for regular appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where she was introduced by Leno as the most frequent guest before he ended his reign. Scardina's segments focused on conservation information about species and what the public can do to help animals. Scardina also appears monthly on Today with animal information segments and formerly filmed weekly segments for Jack Hanna's Animal Adventures.

Biography
In 1975, Scardina graduated from Agoura High School.

Scardina graduated from San Diego State University with a major in psychology and a minor in biology, after attending a program at Moorpark College in Exotic Animal Training and Management.

Scardina has worked for years with killer whales, as well as dolphins, sea lions, and many other animals at the SeaWorld and Busch Gardens parks.

Scardina has been a board member of the SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, which supports conservation education, habitat protection, species research, and animal rescue and rehabilitation around the globe. She has traveled to many of these projects throughout the world and is also involved with many other conservation organizations and efforts, such as the Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders, where she serves on the board and acts as a mentor to up and coming environmental leaders.

Scardina is co-author, along with Jeff Flocken of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, of "Wildlife Heroes: 40 Leading Conservationists and the Animals They Are Committed to Saving" published by Running Press 2012. The book profiles species, conservation issues, and people who have dedicated their lives to making a difference.

title: Julie Scardina


text:
James Valentine (musician)

James Burgon Valentine (born October 5, 1978) is an American musician who is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the pop band Maroon 5.

Early life
Valentine was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He was raised as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and has three sisters and one brother. His mother is a former beauty queen, who was a school teacher before becoming a stay-at-home mom to raise her five children. His younger sister, Amanda Valentine, has been a contestant on Project Runway two times starring in Season 11 and Season 13, as well as Project Runway All Stars once in Season 6. James is an Eagle Scout. He was the president of his high school Lincoln Southeast High School's student council in Lincoln, Nebraska. He graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and attended Berklee College of Music.

In addition to guitar, Valentine is also a percussionist, playing in orchestra and jazz band in his youth.

Career
Valentine played in Lincoln bands: Montag, Kid Quarkstar, Mondello and Happy Dog. In 2000, Happy Dog changed its name to Square and he moved to Los Angeles from Anaheim, California, where he taught private guitar lessons out of his home. Valentine had also played with Reel Big Fish, firstly when guitarist Aaron Barrett broke his hand and later in 2001, when Barrett fell down some stairs. Valentine displayed a picture from one Reel Big Fish show he played during Maroon 5's appearance on MTV Cribs. Eventually the members of Square and Kara's Flowers became friends and when Adam Levine, Jesse Carmichael, Mickey Madden and Ryan Dusick began looking for another guitarist, Valentine was approached. The band Kara's Flowers changed their name to Maroon. Personal tensions in Square helped the decision to join the band and shortly afterward, Kara's Flowers became Maroon 5.

Valentine is a friend of John Mayer, whom he met in 1996 at Berklee in Boston, Massachusetts. Valentine once tried to get Mayer to move to Lincoln to play guitar for the Lincoln blues rock band Baby Jason and the Spankers. An opening slot on Mayer's 2003 summer tour helped bring widespread exposure to Maroon 5. Valentine contributed guitar work to Mayer's September 2006 release Continuum on the songs "Stop This Train" and "In Repair."

Valentine also played guitar on Jenny Lewis' 2006 solo album, Rabbit Fur Coat with The Watson Twins and has appeared in her music video for the first single, "Rise Up with Fists!!".

Phases
Phases (originally called JJAMZ) is a band composed of James Valentine (Maroon 5), Jason Boesel (Rilo Kiley/Conor Oberst), Alex Greenwald (Phantom Planet), Michael Runion (solo), and Z Berg (The Like). The group was started at karaoke night at Guys in Hollywood. The band name was an acronym using the first letter of each member's name. The group was means of escape from each member's respective bands. "[Phases] started at an interesting time in all of our lives. We all needed some kind of escape from relationships or our other bands. It was a tumultuous time, and the lyrics just came out. It was like word vomit. I can't remember." said Z Berg, lead vocalist for the Like. The band played their first concert at the Echo Plex on January 27, 2009. They released their debut album Suicide Pact on July 10, 2012. Later, Valentine left the band due to work with Maroon 5 and the band changed their name to Phases.

Personal life
Valentine married yoga instructor Alexis Novak on February 6, 2023.

Discography

 * Other albums, on which Valentine has played:
 * Jenny Lewis with The Watson Twins – Rabbit Fur Coat (2006)
 * John Mayer – Continuum (2006) (guitar on "Stop This Train" and "In Repair")
 * Rilo Kiley – Under the Blacklight (2007)
 * Rachael Yamagata – Elephants...Teeth Sinking into Heart (2008) (guitar on "Pause the Tragic Ending")
 * Operation Aloha – Operation Aloha (2009)
 * Janek Gwizdala – The Space in Between (2010) (guitar on "Bethany")
 * Transmissor – Nacional (2011) (guitar on "Traz O Sol Pro Meu Lado Da Rua")
 * PJ Morton – Following On My Mind (EP) (2012) and New Orleans (2013) (guitar on "Heavy"; also featuring Adam Levine)
 * JJAMZ – Suicide Pact (2012)
 * The Yellow River Boys – Urinal St. Station (2013) (various guitar solos)
 * Screaming Headless Torsos – Code Red (2014) (guitar on "Brooce Swayne")
 * Mike Posner – At Night, Alone (2016) (guitar on "One Hell of a Song")
 * KT Tunstall – Wax (2018) (backing vocals on "The River")
 * Rihwa – Wild Inside (2018) (guitar on "Sun Comes Up")

title: James Valentine (musician)


text:
Lisp Machines

Lisp Machines, Inc. was a company formed in 1979 by Richard Greenblatt of MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to build Lisp machines. It was based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

By 1979, the Lisp Machine Project at MIT, originated and headed by Greenblatt, had constructed over 30 CADR computers for various projects at MIT. Russell Noftsker, who had formerly been administrator of the MIT Artificial Intelligence lab some years previously and who had since started and run a small company, was convinced that computers based on the artificial intelligence language LISP had a bright future commercially. There were a number of ready customers who were anxious to get machines similar to ones they had seen at MIT.

Greenblatt and Noftsker had differing ideas about the structure and financing of the proposed company. Greenblatt believed the company could be "bootstrapped", i.e. financed practically from scratch from the order flow from customers (some of whom were willing to pay in advance). This would mean that the principals of the company would retain control. Noftsker favored a more conventional venture capital model, raising a considerable sum of money, but with the investors having control of the company. The two negotiated at length, but neither would compromise. The ensuing discussions of the choice rent the lab into two factions. In February, 1979, matters came to a head. Greenblatt believed that the proceeds from the construction and sale of a few machines could be profitably reinvested in the funding of the company. Most sided with Noftsker, believing that a commercial venture fund-backed company had a better chance of surviving and commercializing Lisp Machines than Greenblatt's proposed self-sustaining start-up. They went on to start Symbolics Inc.

Alexander Jacobson, a consultant from CDC, was trying to put together an AI natural language computer application, came to Greenblatt, seeking a Lisp machine for his group to work with. Eight months after Greenblatt had his disastrous conference with Noftsker, he had yet to produce anything. Alexander Jacobson decided that the only way Greenblatt was going to actually start his company and build the Lisp machines that Jacobson needed, was if he pushed and financially helped Greenblatt launch his company. Jacobson pulled together business plans, a board, and a partner, F. Stephen Wyle, for Greenblatt. The newfound company was named LISP Machine, Inc. (LMI), and was funded mostly by order flow including CDC orders, via Jacobson.

History of LMI
The following parable-like story is told about LMI by Steven Levy and used for the first time in Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (1984). Levy's account of hackers is in large part based on the values of the hackers at MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Among these hackers was Richard Stallman, whom Levy at the time called the last true hacker.

"The people at the lab came together, and together created a true hacker's machine, the original Lisp Machines. When Russell Noftsker suggested that they move on, and spread the gospel beyond the walls of the lab, the hackers at the lab differed wildly in how they wanted the company run.

Greenblatt insisted that the company remain true to the hacker spirit, in that it should bow to no one, and focus solely on the creation of a good product. Some other hackers felt that this was not the way to lead a company. If this was done, it would never grow and truly spread the word of the hacker ethic. Furthermore, Greenblatt demanded control over the company, to ensure that his vision was carried forth. Others (including Bill Gosper and Tom Knight) felt that to be under the rule of Greenblatt was unacceptable."

When Noftsker started Symbolics, while he was able to pay salaries, he didn't actually have a building or any equipment for the programmers to work on. He bargained with Patrick Winston that, in exchange for allowing Symbolics' staff to keep working out of MIT, Symbolics would let MIT use internally and freely all the software Symbolics developed. Unfortunately this openness would later lead to accusations of intellectual property theft.

In the early 1980s, to prevent software from being used on their competitors' computers, manufacturers stopped distributing source code and began using copyright and restrictive software licenses to limit or prohibit copying and redistribution. Such proprietary software had existed before, but this shift in the legal characteristics of software was triggered by the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976; see software copyright.

While both companies delivered proprietary software, Richard Stallman believed that LMI, unlike Symbolics, had tried to avoid hurting the lab. Stallman had proclaimed that "the prospect of charging money for software was a crime against humanity." He clarified, years later, that it is blocking the user's freedom that he believes is a "crime", not the act of charging for a copy of the software. Symbolics had recruited most of the remaining MIT hackers including notable hacker Bill Gosper, who then left the AI Lab. Symbolics forced Greenblatt to also resign at the AI lab, by citing MIT policies. So for two years at the MIT AI Lab, from 1982 to the end of 1983, Stallman singlehandedly duplicated the efforts of the Symbolics programmers, in order to prevent them from gaining a monopoly on the lab's computers. Although LMI was able to benefit from Stallman's freely available code, he was the last of the "hackers" at the lab. Later programmers would have to sign non-disclosure agreements not to share source code or technical information with other software developers.

Struggle and decline
Lisp Machines, Inc. sold its first LISP machines, designed at MIT, as the LMI-CADR. After a series of internal battles, Symbolics began selling the CADR from the MIT Lab as the LM-2. Symbolics had been hindered by Noftsker's promise to give Greenblatt a year's head start, and by severe delays in procuring venture capital. Symbolics still had the major advantage that while none of the AI Lab hackers had gone to work for Greenblatt, a solid 14 had signed onto Symbolics. There were two AI Lab people who choose not to be employed by either: Richard Stallman and Marvin Minsky. Symbolics ended up producing around 100 LM-2s, each of which sold for $70,000. Both companies developed second-generation products based on the CADR: the Symbolics 3600 and the LMI-LAMBDA (of which LMI managed to sell around 200). The 3600, which shipped a year late, expanded on the CADR by widening the machine word to 36-bits, expanding the address space to 28-bits, and adding hardware to accelerate certain common functions that were implemented in microcode on the CADR. The LMI-LAMBDA, which came out a year after the 3600, in 1983, was mostly upward compatible with the CADR (source CADR microcode fragments could be reassembled), but there were improvements in instruction fetch and other hardware differences including use of a multiplier chip and a faster logic family and cache memory. The LAMBDA's processor cards were designed to work in a NuBus-based engineering workstation, the NuMachine, which had been originated by Steve Ward's group at MIT, and, through a separate chain of events, was being developed by Western Digital Corporation. This allowed the popular LAMBDA "2x2" configuration whereby two machines shared one infrastructure, with considerable savings. Texas Instruments (TI) joined the fray by investing in LMI after it ran out of money, purchasing and relocating the NuBus engineering workstation unit from Western Digital, licensing the LMI-LAMBDA design and later producing its own variant, the TI Explorer.

Symbolics continued to develop the 3600 family and its operating system, Genera, and produced the Ivory, a VLSI chip implementation of the Symbolics architecture. Texas Instruments shrunk the Explorer into silicon as the Explorer II and later the MicroExplorer. LMI abandoned the CADR architecture and developed its own K-Machine, but LMI went bankrupt in 1987 before the machine could be brought to market.

GigaMos Systems
LMI was reincarnated as GigaMos Systems; Greenblatt was one of its officers. GigaMos, through the ownership of a Canadian backer named Guy Montpetit, bought the assets of LMI through a Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. Prior to the incorporation of GigaMos, LMI developed a new Lisp machine called the "K-machine" which used a RISC-like architecture. Montpetit subsequently became embroiled in a 1989 Canadian political scandal which, as a side-effect, resulted in the seizure of all the assets of GigaMos, rendering the company unable to meet payroll.

Inspiration for Stallman and Free Software
According to Richard Stallman, the dispute between LMI and Symbolics inspired Stallman to start software development for the GNU operating system in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985. These were forerunners of the open-source-software movement and the Linux operating system.

title: Lisp Machines


text:
Talk:FB Vis

optimal range
"optimal range 50 meters", (which incidentally I have changed to "maximum range"), sounds rather ambitious.

 * Someone added the following remark below the text of the article. Could anyone expand? while sililar to Colt, the internal workings of Vis were very different. It was NOT based on the Colt design.. Halibutt 05:51, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)

Polish Firearms site
Well, that "Polish Firearms" site seems to be an ex-site, late site, you know, kind of a dead site. And it could have been not so Polish site... The adress seems to be rather turkish. But what do I know, I've been Pole for twenty years:) I won't delete that link couse I don't care enough about Wiki (plus I'm lazy). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.158.199.71 (talk) 01:04, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

B-class review
This article is currently at start/C class, but could be improved to B-class if it had more (inline) citations. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 21:17, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

.gif Correction
The .gif at the bottom of the page loops incorrectly, so that it appears to be loading two rounds. Just thought this was worthy of noting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.106.80.230 (talk) 16:26, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Seven months later, the gif Vis_wz_35_(Radom_9_mm,_P.35p)_pistol.gif still needs to be fixed. The round loads twice and fires once. That wouldn't work well. Peter Bell (talk) 07:38, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Whoever the Polish nationalist is with the hard-on against the "Radom" term
Please knock it off with the WP:POV. It's cited as the Radom in all Western (UK & US) publications I've personally seen. The name of the article reflects the Polish name, as it should, but the Radom reference will remain without surly pejoratives. Wikipedia doesn't exist to attack "misconceptions" that you're grumpy about, nor do I have any idea why showing the English term for a pistol based entirely on a combination of the features of the M1911 and Hi-Power (both designed by American John Moses Browning) disgusts and angers you so much; directing English-speaking and English-reading viewers to this page is what's important. Court Appointed Shrub (talk) 13:26, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on FB Vis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050406230808/http://hem.passagen.se/dadkri/Vis35.htm to http://hem.passagen.se/dadkri/Vis35.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080302075551/http://handgunns.com/shooting-range/radom.html to http://www.handgunns.com/shooting-range/radom.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090903142322/http://gunstribune.com/handguns/poland/radom-vis-35 to http://gunstribune.com/handguns/poland/radom-vis-35

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:19, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

Suggested citation backing up collector value/potential COI
Placing citation request here due to COI. This source citation reinforces the value collectors put on the Viz/Radom, item #18 in the source's article:

"The Vis is highly prized among collectors of firearms and considered by some to be one of the best firearms of the period, combining some of the features present in the Colt M1911, the Browning Hi-Power, and the Ruby .45 ACP."

LoVeloDogs (talk) 23:02, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:FB Vis


text:
Talk:Malibu, California

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2018 and 11 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Stephanie r26.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:27, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2018 and 11 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Stephanie r26.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 03:11, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Intro and pictures
I edited the intro to trim some "peacock words" and promotional text. I don't know how a beach can be "elegant", for example.

A lot of new pictures have been added. Maybe too many? Some might be better placed in other articles or in the Wikicommons, which has a whole gallery of Malibu photos. commons:Category:Malibu, California. We should avoid repetitive or uninformative pictures, and avoid using them just because we have them. We can also set up an small gallery in the article, at the end.  Will Beback   talk    09:15, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

I live there over 25 years so I can help edit photos. Thanks. Ericmalibu 14:38, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Climate box
The climate box was updated on April 8th, 2021. Can anyone shed light on why this data is so vastly different than the previous climate box? (e.g. summer significantly hotter). Was the old box incorrect?

Changes to Malibu Road Markers ask question of editor
Hi Fettlemap. I agree the fun facts are not appropriate. But how about if we let the specific marker locations stay in the paragraph? Thanks. Ericmalibu 20:22, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

These are details that mean nothing to the general reader. Not appropriate for Wikipedia Fettlemap (talk) 20:34, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Discuss Add Surfer and Celebrity History
Hello Wikipedians. I live in Malibu and it has a rich history of surfing and celebrity lifestyle. How should this be added to the page? In separate sections or culture? Thank you Ericmalibu 12:08, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

The article already has lots of content on surfing and celebrities including List of people from Malibu, California. Content supported by reliable sources could be added to Culture section but definitely does not need a new section. Any added content should succinct and clearly related to Malibu rather than general information. Some existing content may need to be altered to integrate new content. Fettlemap (talk) 15:23, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Remember, no original research. You mentioned history of surfing and celebrity lifestyle so anything notable can go in the History section. Otherwise an on-going characteristic could be in the Culture section. Anything trivial will be deleted. Fettlemap (talk) 03:11, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malibu, California


text: Category:Madison County, Texas

title: Category:Madison County, Texas