text:
Secondo Pia

Secondo Pia (9 September 1855 – 7 September 1941) was an Italian lawyer and amateur photographer. He is best known for taking the first photographs of the Shroud of Turin on 28 May 1898 and, when he was developing them, noticing that the photographic negatives showed a positive image of the man in the shroud in addition to a clearer rendition of the image. The image he obtained from the shroud has been approved by the Roman Catholic Church as part of the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus.

Pia was born in Asti, Piedmont, and was an attorney who was also interested in art and science. In the early 1870s he began to explore the new technology of photography, and by the 1890s he was a city councilor and a member of Turin's Amateur Photographers' Club. He became a well known photographer in Turin, and examples of his other photographs are now part of the historical collection at the Turin Cinema Museum. Pia can be considered a pioneer in the field of photography for using electric lightbulbs in the 1890s, as lightbulbs were a novelty in the late nineteenth century, with Thomas Edison's reliable incandescent light bulb having been invented in 1879.

The accidental photographer
It was by accident that Secondo Pia unwittingly took the first step in the field of modern sindonology (the formal study of the shroud of Turin). In 1898 the city of Turin was celebrating the 400th anniversary of Turin Cathedral along with the 50th anniversary of Italy's Statuto Albertino constitution of 1848 in favor of the House of Savoy. As part of the celebration, a sacred art exhibition was planned. Since a public display of the shroud would have required permission from King Umberto I of Italy, who owned it, plans were made for two artists to paint realistic replicas of the shroud to be used instead. These paintings were made, but they were never used as part of the exhibition.

The head of the Shroud Commission, Baron Manno, petitioned the king for a public display and also asked for the right to photograph the shroud – with the help of Secondo Pia – to promote the exhibition. The king approved the public display of the shroud for the exhibition and later also allowed for it to be photographed. At that time the House of Savoy was based in Turin, and the shroud was already in Turin since it belonged to the king. No one knew yet that the clearer reverse image existed on the shroud, for the faint face image on the shroud cannot be clearly observed or recognized with the naked eye.

Secondo Pia was named the official photographer for the exhibition at a late date. The eight-day exhibition was just about to start, and it was too late for his proposed photograph to be part of the promotional campaign. Yet he took the opportunity to take the first photograph of the shroud.

The famed photograph
On 25 May 1898, after the opening ceremony and during the noon closure of the exhibition, Pia set up equipment in Turin Cathedral. Two other people, Father Sanno Salaro and the head of cathedral security, Lieutenant Felice Fino, were also present and took part in the photography. It was one of the first times an electric light bulb was used to take a photograph.

The logistics of organizing the photographic session and the required equipment were a challenge to Pia, but he managed to set up two electric lamps of about 1000 candelas each. Since there was no electricity in the cathedral, Pia set up a portable generator. He managed to make a few exposures in the resulting heat before the session was interrupted by the opening of the cathedral doors after the noon closure. The results of this session were not successful once the plates were developed.

Three days later, on the evening of 28 May, Pia returned for a second session at about 9:30 pm and took a few more exposures. Based on his experience of 25 May, he varied the exposure times and the lighting. At around midnight the three men went back to develop the plates. Pia later said that he almost dropped and broke the photographic plate in the darkroom from the shock of what appeared on it: the reverse plate showed the positive image of a man and a face in a detail that could not be seen with the naked eye.

Ongoing developments

On 2 June 1898, the exhibition ended and the shroud was returned to its casket in the royal chapel. Genoa's Il Cittadino newspaper reported Pia's photograph on 13 June, and a day later the story appeared in the national newspaper Corriere Nazionale. On 15 June the Vatican newspaper Osservatore Romano covered the story.

The next few years witnessed a number of debates about Pia's photograph, with various suggestions of supernatural origin versus accusations of errors in his work, his doctoring of the photographs, etc. In the meantime, King Umberto I of Italy, whose permission was instrumental for the Pia photograph, was assassinated in July 1900 and did not see the full story unfold.

Some definite support for Secondo Pia eventually arrived in 1931 when a professional photographer, Giuseppe Enrie, also photographed the shroud and his findings supported Pia. When Enrie's photograph was first exhibited, Secondo Pia, then in his seventies, was among those present for viewing. Pia reportedly breathed a deep sigh of relief when he saw Enrie's photograph.

The scientific and religious discussions and debates about the origins of the image that Pia photographed continued. On the religious front, in 1939 Pia's negative image was used by Sister Maria Pierina De Micheli, a nun in Milan, to coin the Holy Face medal, as part of the Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus. Pope Pius XII approved the devotion and the medal and in 1958 declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics. On the occasion of the 100th year of Secondo Pia's first photograph, on 24 May 1998, Pope John Paul II visited Turin Cathedral. In his address on that day, he said, "the Shroud is an image of God's love as well as of human sin", and he called the shroud "an icon of the suffering of the innocent in every age".

On the scientific front, in 2004 the optical journal of the Institute of Physics in London published a reviewed article on new imaging techniques applied to the shroud during its restoration in 2002. Scientific debate about the image and the shroud continues with international conferences.

Sources and external links

 * Exhibition in spring 2010 in the Cinema Museum, Torino
 * Museum of the Shroud Website
 * Sineklik
 * Turin Cinema Museum
 * Joan Carroll Cruz, OCDS. Saintly Men of Modern Times. (2003) ISBN 1-931709-77-7
 * Summary of the notes of Don Coero Borga by Remi Van Haelst
 * Bernard Ruffin, 1999, The Shroud of Turin ISBN 0-87973-617-8
 * Secondo Pia, Fotografie (in Italian) ISBN 978-88-422-0214-1
 * Sindonology.org

title: Secondo Pia


text:
The House of the Spirits (film)

The House of the Spirits (Danish: Åndernes hus) is a 1993 period drama film directed by Bille August and starring Jeremy Irons, Meryl Streep, Glenn Close, Winona Ryder, Antonio Banderas and Vanessa Redgrave. The supporting cast includes María Conchita Alonso, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Jan Niklas. Based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Isabel Allende, the film follows three generations of women from a Chilean family during the country’s military dictatorship.

Although the film won several awards in Europe, including Best Film at the Lola Awards from the German Film Academy and the Robert Award from the Danish Film Academy, in America it was regarded as a critical and commercial failure.

Plot
The story is narrated by Blanca Trueba, a young woman from a powerful Chilean family.

1926
Blanca's mother, Clara del Valle is a child from a well-off family in Santiago whose father is running for the Senate. Clara possesses clairvoyant abilities and foresees her own marriage to Esteban Trueba, a miner.

Esteban uses the gold he found from mining to buy a hacienda, Tres Marías. He employs natives to work as peasants on the dilapidated land, eventually turning Tres Marías into a successful estate through his use of brute force. One day while horseback riding through the countryside, he sees a peasant girl, Pancha García. Esteban rapes Pancha, resulting in the illegitimate birth of a boy. He also spends nights with Tránsito, a local prostitute to whom he lends money so she can start a new career in the capital.

1946
Twenty years later, Esteban’s sister Férula informs him that their ailing mother has died. At his mother’s funeral, Esteban sees a grown Clara and reacquaints himself with her. The couple marry, and Clara and Férula become especially close, with Clara allowing Férula to come live with her and her new husband at Tres Marías.

Clara eventually gives birth to a girl, naming her Blanca. One day, Pancha García appears at the family estate with her now teenaged son, Esteban García, asking his father for money. Esteban Trueba gives them some money but harshly turns them away. Esteban’s rejection leads his son to nurse a resentment against his father and Blanca.

Meanwhile, Blanca befriends one of the peasant children, Pedro Tercero, the young son of Esteban's foreman Segundo. Esteban disapproves of his daughter playing with a peasant boy and sends her to a boarding school.

1962
After graduating from boarding school, Blanca returns to Tres Marías and reunites with Pedro, meeting him by the river every night. Férula continues to live with the family and has become a rival to her brother for Clara’s affections. Esteban throws Férula out of the house when he catches her and Clara asleep in the same bed. Before leaving, Férula curses Esteban to eternal loneliness.

Esteban catches Pedro preaching revolutionary ideas that are critical of wealthy landowners like him to the peasant workers. He punishes Pedro with a whipping and banishment from Tres Marías. That night at dinner, Clara and Blanca see a vision of Férula while having dinner. Férula kisses Clara on the forehead before calmly walking out. Realizing Férula has died, Clara drives into town to find Férula dead in her modest home. In a moment alone with Férula, Clara tells her how much she and Blanca miss her, and how proud she would be of Blanca.

Blanca continues to meet Pedro in secret. Jean de Satigny, a French nobleman who aspires to go into business with Esteban, sees Blanca and Pedro in a tryst at the river and rats her out to her father. Esteban punishes Blanca by whipping her and vows to go after Pedro. He strikes Clara when she points out his hypocrisy—having himself slept with women not of his own class—after which Clara vows never to speak to him again. She leaves Tres Marías with Blanca to live in Santiago.

Esteban offers a monetary reward for anyone who can reveal Pedro's whereabouts to him. Esteban García, unrecognized by his father, aids in helping to find Pedro. Pedro is able to escape from Esteban, who declines to give a reward to his son. Esteban later learns Blanca is pregnant with Pedro's child, and he goes to her house to falsely tell her that he murdered Pedro. Clara makes Esteban leave and reassures Blanca that Pedro is indeed alive, but they won't be reunited for some time because he needs to flee to safety. Years later, Esteban goes to Clara and apologizes for his actions. Though she maintains some distance from him, she does allow him to meet their seven-year-old granddaughter Alba and to be a part of her and Blanca’s lives again.

1973
Esteban is now a senator in the Conservative Party, while Pedro is a leader with the People's Front. Despite Esteban’s success, he is lonely and finds comfort in the arms of Tránsito, who now runs a high-class prostitution establishment. Esteban believes his party will win the election as usual, but the People’s Front ends up gaining control of the government. Clara passes away after gently explaining to Alba that she has always been in touch with spirits on the other side and will be in contact with the rest of the family.

A conspiracy between Conservative Party members and the military leads to a coup d'état, 11 de Septiembre, and the military seizes control of the country. Under military control, people associated with the People's Party are captured and even killed. The police come and arrest Blanca for her association with Pedro Tercero. Before Blanca is taken away, she tells Esteban that Pedro is the love of her life, just as Clara was his. She appeals to Esteban to use his political influence to help find asylum for Pedro outside Chile so the three of them can be a family. In the coming days, Blanca is tortured and sexually abused by her half-brother, Esteban García, who had joined the military with his father's help.

Esteban decides to honor his daughter's wishes and helps to find exile for Pedro in Canada. He also turns to Tránsito, who as an influential Madam has connections to high-level military figures, to help free Blanca. One morning, a beaten Blanca finally arrives back at her home. A grateful Esteban tells her that Pedro is waiting for her and Alba in Canada, and hopes his help can make up for the damage his actions wrought on his family.

Epilogue
Blanca and the elderly Esteban return to Tres Marías with Alba. Esteban is finally visited by Clara's spirit, who has come to help the old man on to the next world. Blanca sits outside and ponders her life, looking forward to a future with Pedro and their daughter. She reflects on how she does not want to live her life with anger or hatred—instead, she wishes to move forward and be happy.

Development
Author Isabel Allende received numerous offers from producers and agents to adapt her novel The House of the Spirits upon publication in 1982, but did not agree to option the work until Danish filmmaker Bille August convinced her with his vision for the film. In January 1993, Miramax acquired North American distribution rights for the film.

Casting
Controversy occurred over the casting of predominantly white English-speaking actors in a Latin American period film. Producer Bernd Eichinger defended the decision on the basis that the film needed internationally recognized actors. The film’s premiere in the U.S. was met with protests from Latino actors over the casting issue.

Filming
Principal photography took place in Denmark, with some scenes filmed in Lisbon and Alentejo, Portugal, from January 1993 to April.

Release
The film premiered in Germany in October 1993 as a 145-minute theatrical cut that was also released in Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Scandinavia. The film was released in the United States on April 1, 1994 in a 132-minute cut version.

Reception
The film has a 31% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 39 reviews. The website’s consensus states: "An enviable collection of sterling actors are all woefully miscast in The House of the Spirits, a plodding saga of magical realism that lacks much magic or realism." Two oft-cited reasons for the poor critical reception were its diffusely episodic structure and the casting of mostly Anglo actors in Latin American roles.

The film grossed $4.8 million in its first two weeks of release in Germany and went on to gross more than $55 million in Europe. In the United States and Canada, it grossed $6 million.

Angle Errigo of Empire gave The House of the Spirits two out of five stars and stated that: "If this had been a Latin American production, one might have been more generous towards the fumblings of a fairly fetching saga; given the talents involved, the film's hesitations in style and consistent failure to really move must be counted as a major disappointment."

Awards and nominations
The film won multiple awards: Bavarian Film Awards, German Film Awards, the Golden Screen (Germany), Havana Film Festival, and Robert Awards (Denmark), the German Phono Academy, and the Guild of German Art House Cinemas.
 * 1994 Bavarian Film Award for Best Costume Design (Barbara Baum) Won
 * 1994 Bavarian Film Award for Best Production (Bernd Eichinger) Won
 * 1994 German Film Award in Gold for Outstanding Individual Achievement: Over All Concept (Bernd Eichinger) Won
 * 1994 German Phono Academy Echo Award for Film Music of the Year (Hans Zimmer) Won
 * 1994 Guild of German Art House Cinemas Award (Gold) for German Film (Bille August) Won
 * 1994 Havana Film Festival Coral Award for Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject (Bille August) Won
 * 1994 Robert Award for Best Editing (Janus Billeskov Jansen) Won
 * 1994 Robert Award for Best Film (Bille August) Won
 * 1994 Robert Award for Best Screenplay (Bille August) Won
 * 1994 Robert Award for Best Sound (Niels Arild) Won

Year-end worst-of lists

 * 1st – Glenn Lovell, San Jose Mercury News
 * 1st – Michael Mills, The Palm Beach Post
 * 4th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Mike Mayo, The Roanoke Times
 * Top 12 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Elliott, The San Diego Union-Tribune

Soundtrack
The music for the film was composed by award winner Hans Zimmer. Additionally, two songs appear in the film: "La Paloma", a Spanish–Cuban–Mexican tune sung by popular Chilean singer Rosita Serrano; and "La Cumparsita", a classic Uruguayan tango tune performed by German bandleader Adalbert Lutter and his orchestra.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The House of the Spirits (film)


text: User talk:68.220.244.178

title: User talk:68.220.244.178


text:
Talk:Constitution of the Irish Free State

Untitled
From the article: "It was enacted by the 'King-in-Parliament', that is, passed as an Act by the House of Commons and House of Lords, before receiving the Royal Assent."

Is this true? I thought it was the 'King-in-Parliament-in-Dublin', i.e. the House of Commons of Southern Ireland (and I would guess the Senate). Why would Westminster have to discuss it, given that it was consistent with the Anglo-Irish Treaty? --Henrygb 00:34, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Irish Citizenship origin question?
I'm tring to find out when and where the legal concept of an Irish citizenship arose. Can anyone help? This is for the Irish nationality law article. Cheers. Seabhcán 14:44, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1935? I recently found this document and it may be invaluable for general info and a bit of historic DOC Format. Djegan 17:58, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Constitutional Committee Image
I am considering uploading an image of the Constitutional Committee for inclusion in the Origins section of this site, but as a novice to editing on Wikipedia, am reluctant to apply such a dramatic change to a site at such an advanced stage. Any feedback would be appreciated.

RashersTierney (talk) 11:24, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps a dedicated section on the Constitutional Committee might be considered? RashersTierney (talk) 15:01, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:13, 29 April 2016 (UTC)


text: Category:Villages in Maryland

title: Category:Villages in Maryland


text:
Kawartha Lakes (Ontario)

The Kawartha Lakes (/kə'wɔrθɐ/) are a chain of lakes in south-central Ontario, Canada that form the upper watershed of the Trent River. The lakes are located on the boundary between the Paleozoic limestone regions of the Golden Horseshoe, and the Precambrian granite Canadian Shield of northern and central Ontario.

"Kawartha" is an anglicization of the word "Ka-wa-tha" (from "Ka-wa-tae-gum-maug" or Gaa-waategamaag), a word coined in 1895 by Anishinaabekwe Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nations. It was hoped that the word, which meant "land of reflections" in the Anishinaabe language, would provide a convenient and popular advertising label for the area, much as "Muskoka" had come to describe the area and lakes north of Gravenhurst. The word was subsequently changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, with the meaning "bright waters and happy lands."

Though the city of Kawartha Lakes is named for them, more than half of the Kawartha Lakes are in fact located in Peterborough County. The Trent-Severn Waterway makes its way through many lakes in the main chain; many cottages dot the lakes' shorelines some of which are quite large in size, and the region is most known for its recreational tourism.

Primary chain
Lakes considered to be among 'The Kawarthas' include (letters in parentheses refer to the satellite image):

Some additional lakes are sometimes included:
 * Lakes on the Talbot River:
 * Canal Lake (A)
 * Mitchell Lake (B)
 * Lakes on the Trent River:
 * Balsam Lake (C)
 * Four Mile Lake (D)
 * Cameron Lake (E)
 * Sturgeon Lake (F)
 * Pigeon Lake (G)
 * Shadow Lake
 * Silver Lake
 * Talbot Lake
 * Some additional lakes:
 * Buckhorn Lake (H)
 * Lake Chemong (J)
 * Lower Buckhorn Lake (K)
 * Lovesick Lake (Between K & L)
 * Stony Lake (L)
 * Clear Lake (M)
 * Katchewanooka Lake (N)
 * Lake Scugog (S) is to the southwest of the main chain.
 * Lake Dalrymple
 * Head Lake
 * Fishog Lake
 * White/Dummer Lake
 * Jack Lake (P)
 * Kasshabog Lake (Q)
 * Rice Lake (R)

Kawartha Highlands
A system of interconnected lakes lies to the north of the main chain. Due to an artificial dam placed at the south end of Mississauga lake in the mid-20th century, these lakes have equal levels and are inter-navigable. They consist of Catchacoma Lake, Beaver Lake, Mississauga Lake, Gold Lake, McGinnis Lake, Cold Lake, and Cavendish Lake.

Also nearby, but not reachable by boat without portage, are Gull Lake, Anstruther Lake, Bottle Lake, and Sucker Lake. The area is partially enclosed by Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.

title: Kawartha Lakes (Ontario)


text:
User talk:Jean-no

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --L$T27 00:37, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
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Images and media for deletion

 * I am contacting people who previously helped to vote to delete a generally objectionable photograph by a vote of 88 to 21, and who might be unaware that immediately after that image was voted to be deleted someone posted another which was very similar in content. My objections to this, and the previous image that was voted to be deleted might be based upon reasons far different from any that you have, but I do object to it, and consider the posting of such images to be acts of asinine stupidity, which burdens the project and its major educational aims in ways that they should not be burdened, and can be extremely detrimental to the acceptance and growth of WIkipedia's use and influence. Thus far those who I believe to be in the extreme minority of Wikipedians who would like to include these images, many who have been channeled to the voting page from the article with which it is associated have dominated the voting, 23 to 12 (as of the time that I composed this message). I would like to be somewhat instrumental in shedding a bit more light upon the issue, and if possible, helping to turn the tide against its inclusion. It might also be necessary to begin making an effort to establish an explicit Wikipedia policy against explicite photographic depictions of humans engaged in erotic, auto-erotic, or quasi-erotic activities. To my limited knowledge such images have not been accepted as appropriate anywhere else within this project, and frankly I can agree with those who are casually labeled prudes for opposing their inclusion, that they should not be. Vitally important information that might be unwelcome by some is one thing that should never be deleted, but un-needed images that can eventually prevent or impede many thousands or millions of people from gaining access to the great mass of truly important information that Wikipedia provides is quite another matter. There are vitally important distinctions to be made. Whatever your reasons, or final decisions upon the matter, I am appealing for more input on the voting that is occurring at Wikipedia:Images_and_media_for_deletion. ~ Achilles † 03:28, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Masturbation
Would you care to register an opinon on the Masturbation Talk page as to whether a full color photograph of male masturbation is suitable for that page? Thank you. Force10 22:48, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lady Pink
I have added a "" template to the article Lady Pink, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Seraphimblade Talk to me 06:34, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Friendly advice
The English Wikipedia has a rather strictly enforced WP:OUTING policy, so it's unwise to post speculation about editors' names like you did here (referring to J...), unless they've disclosed that information themselves on-wiki first, which doesn't seem to be the case here. Tijfo098 (talk) 20:10, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * ok. Jean-no (talk) 22:01, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

supertankers
To follow up on your question: Wnt (talk) 19:49, 28 July 2013 (UTC)
 * thanx ! Jean-no (talk) 08:12, 30 July 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Lou Cameron

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 * Unsourced.

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Nomination of Lou Cameron for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Marion Montaigne

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Jean-Louis Boissier moved to draftspace
Thanks for your contributions to Jean-Louis Boissier. Unfortunately, I do not think it is ready for publishing at this time because it needs more sources to establish notability. I have converted your article to a draft which you can improve, undisturbed for a while.

Please see more information at Help:Unreviewed new page. When the article is ready for publication, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page OR move the page back. AntiDionysius (talk) 18:29, 28 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Why so fast ? I'm working on the page... Jean-no (talk) 18:38, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jean-no


text:
User talk:Jcm

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --L$T27 00:37, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

RDBMS
Actually, the relational database management system article was definitely at one point highly controversial and subject to edit wars. A huge mess was created last year when many of the RDBMS articles were moved to SDBMS articles (that's "SQL" instead of relational). Nonetheless, I hope it does not happen again, and in the sense that it may not be a recurring problem, I have no problem with its removal from the controlversial issues page. However, it did qualify at one time, just wanted you to be aware of that. Cheers - Turnstep 17:45, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

JCM name
Oh man, I really need to change my nick, maybe JCM2.. 8-0

JCM 16:18, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Richard Gooch
A template has been added to the article Richard Gooch, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. mms 16:48, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jcm


text:
Talk:Sierra Entertainment

Homeword
No mention here of Sierra Online Inc's Homeword word processor. Homeword ran on Apple DOS (apple ][+, //e, //c) - and there is also Homeword Plus which ran on ProDos on the Apple //e and //c

I believe there was a Homeword for the IBM PC and Atari PC's too.

Some refs:

Atari: https://archive.org/details/HomewordReferenceCard

ProDos Homeword Plus: https://archive.org/details/apple_2_homewordplus

IBM: https://nerdlypleasures.blogspot.com/2014/08/homeword-sierra-onlines-easy-to-use.html  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.10.32.25 (talk) 16:27, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Not sold to EA
I removed all reference to the "story" that Sierra was sold to EA. The original press release that was cited was just a copy/paste of the first paragraph of a fake news story making fun of Tiger Woods (http://www.bbspot.com/News/2009/12/tiger-woods-electronic-arts.html), which was posted a day earlier. I cannot find ANY other references to any information about EA buying Sierra. It's fake. --167.219.0.140 (talk) 16:59, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

SierraVenture
Why no mention of SierraVenture? Or InterAction magazine? This article can be expanded so much more to include Sierra's history. -- œ ™ 12:57, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

Dynamix
Dynamix was not a "Short-lived music division of Sierra". Dynamix was primarily the "sim" division (A-10 Tank Killer, Red Baron, Pro Pilot), but also developed pet-projects of Jeff Tunnell like "The Incredible Machine" (and its sequels), the 3D Ultra series, Starsiege, Tribes, Trophy Bass, Ski Racing, and countless other titles. http://www.mobygames.com/browse/games/dynamix-inc/ Wkrick (talk) 05:47, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Of course you're right, however it appears to be mentioned within the context of "Cendant Corporation" so I'm unsure if it's referring to the same partnership Sierra originally had with Dynamix back in the Red Baron days. I'm unfamiliar with Sierra's later history in relation to Dynamix but I've commented out that line for now. -- œ ™ 17:27, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

Arcanum
Where is arcanum in the list? That surely is a sierra game. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.81.80.104 (talk) 10:04, 28 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Arcanum, IIRC, was made by one of Interplay's Black Isle Studios based developers, probably not under the BIS name. Unless Sierra also made a game by that name. 76.119.147.254 (talk) 20:25, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcanum:_Of_Steamworks_and_Magick_Obscura. Published by Sierra Entertainment. It should definitely be noted. --Sgtlion (talk) 13:03, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Added a reference to the History, and added all Hi-res adventures... What needs to be edited the most?
? Deman8899 (talk) 23:12, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

six sub-brands?
There reads (in Sierra Entertainment, subsection "Cendant Corporation"): In 1998, Sierra split up its organization into six sub-brands and corporate divisions:

However, there are only five listed. Though, strangely, fi.wiki has five; Dynamix has been added and Sierra Movies is missing from there. 85.217.43.208 (talk) 00:49, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Accuracy of Info about the Sierra Founding?
I believe some of the information about how Sierra was founded is incorrect...where does it say in Levy's Hackers that Ken was a programmer for IBM (according to Hackers, Ken was working as an independent consultant). Also, according to the forward to the guidebook in the Roberta Williams Anthology, Roberta first played text adventures on a teletype terminal, not an Apple II (even Hackers corroborates this, as Roberta was playing Colossal Cave before Ken bought the Apple II in Jan 1980). I wanted to throw this out there before changing it to ask if there's anything I've missed... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.76.177.124 (talk) 21:40, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

Kirk Shelton
Kirk Shelton got jail time too, besides his fee.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/03/AR2005080302177.html Majinsnake (talk) 04:03, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

The original Hoyl Card Games
I have had this game for years and years. I love it and it is my favorite PC game. I have listened to their conversation hundreds and thousands of times and would love to get an update version where the talking players say something different. I have looked everywhere I can think of and can only find--96.25.66.215 (talk) 23:29, 5 April 2014 (UTC) the one I already have. Could you put in a request to who ever makes this one? I am 67 yrs old and us baby boomers are fastly coming on and we do have the money to buy something that is old but loveable to entertain us now that we are too old to do ....... (fill in the blank). Thank you for your time and attention.

judyquarles@gmail.com--96.25.66.215 (talk) 23:29, 5 April 2014 (UTC)Judy Quarles

Is there a reasonable way to incorporate the Al Lowe interview into the article about Sierra's history?
http://www.nodontdie.com/al-lowe/ is the interview I am referring to. It makes the claim- which does accord with the evidence already in the article- that the Sierra takeover by CUC was a predatory hostile takeover, and that Ken and Roberta Williams were effectively forced out of the company. Given the follow on stories about the CUC executive being central to the Cendant scandal and lawsuits already in the article, this seems like a useful bit of information to have in it. Sappow (talk) 19:03, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I think we should be really careful with including controversial information from sources that might be biased. Instead of incorporating information from interviews, we should rely on balanced news coverage that can be backed up from multiple verifiable and notable sources. Monni (talk) 13:50, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

Sierra Relaunch
I think it's safe to rename this page as "Sierra"? As the Sierra Website implies that they're using the trademark Sierra instead of Sierra On-Line or Sierra Entertainment. Christhecoolboy (talk) 11:42, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I think we need a more certain source. You could propose the page move (not rename) if you want. 220  of  Borg 09:54, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

Split off of History section
Just notifying that the history section has been 'split', or perhaps forked is more currently accurate, off to a new page, History of Sierra Entertainment. Any objections or comments on this? - 220  of  Borg 09:54, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Opposed. I have redirected it back to this article. At 36k, this article is hardly large enough to need such a split. The history sections biggest issue is a presentation issue. It's length is partially caused by the dozens of unnecessary subsections. It should be condensed here, and many of the unnecessary lists and unsourced or trivial details removed. -- ferret (talk) 13:58, 1 August 2015 (UTC)
 * For example, the history section is being used to detail lots of game releases. This need to be removed except for the most important releases and put in a table under a "Games developed" subsection. -- ferret (talk) 13:59, 1 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. That is why the issue should have been discussed here first. It was a fairly new editor. 220  of  Borg 10:00, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

I've begun working to cleanup a lot of this. I started a Games Developed table with most of the primary series now included. I'm happy with 1980s section for the most part, but 1990s needs a lot more work. There's a lot of really minor detail that isn't all that important, and a great deal of unsourced material. -- ferret (talk) 16:46, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Sierra Entertainment. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130521134844/http://apps.metacritic.com/games/platforms/pc/phantasmagoria?q=phantasmagoria to http://apps.metacritic.com/games/platforms/pc/phantasmagoria?q=phantasmagoria

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:27, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

 * For reference, archiveurl was in error here. Wayback had a 302 error for this page on all snapshots. Webcite does not any snapshots. I tried a few variations but couldn't get a valid archiveurl. -- ferret (talk) 00:30, 21 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Tried a different subdomain, was able to get a valid archive. -- ferret (talk) 00:34, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

The Sierra Entertainment Infobox is incorrect
I just wanted to let the moderators of this page know that the information about Sierra Entertainment is incorrect. As evident in the article, the current Sierra Entertainment is nothing more than a publishing label for Activision's niche titles. The Sierra Entertainment that was dissolved in 2008 was a legal entity. There is one of two solutions in order to provide the correct representation of the company. 1) Create a separate article for Sierra Entertainment as the active publishing label and rename the former Sierra Entertainment article as Sierra Entertainment Inc., or 2) Have two infoboxes in the article. The top infobox displaying the current Sierra Entertainment, and the second infobox displaying the former legal entity of Sierra Entertainment. Iftekharahmed96 (talk) 18:12, 26 June 2017 (UTC)
 * There shouldn't be an issue representing this in a single infobox with necessary date ranges to denote when one status ended and a new status began. Whether its the original legal entity, or simply the label reborn to represent those products/franchises, they represent a single topic "Sierra Entertainment". -- ferret (talk) 19:11, 26 June 2017 (UTC)
 * That's exactly what I did at first, however, User:Codename Lisa reverted my edit by stating that it was a "microformat error". I explained that "The former Sierra Entertainment and current Sierra Entertainment are two different entities.", but my edit was still reverted hence my alternate suggestions. Iftekharahmed96 (talk) 10:31, 27 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Hello.
 * That's not what you did. You did the complete opposite: You added a second foundation date, implying that the company either had changed name or was dissolved and re-founded at different times. Your edit summary ("The former Sierra Entertainment and current Sierra Entertainment are two different legal entities") reinforces that latter.
 * The correct course of action, IMHO, is using the fate field.
 * Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk) 10:40, 27 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Except that it was re-founded at different times because they're not the same entities. The former Sierra Entertainment was a legal entity. The Current Sierra Entertainment is just a brand used by Activision for smaller Intellectual Properties, therefore, it's justified to highlight the foundation of the former dissolved legal entity and the current publishing brand. Iftekharahmed96 (talk) 10:54, 27 June 2017 (UTC)
 * When a company name is recycled as a brand name, it is not called "the foundation of the former dissolved legal entity".
 * And I already told you: Use the fate field.
 * Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk) 04:54, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * We should regard here, though, that the publisher that was Sierra Entertainment, Inc. has nothing to do with today's Sierra label, as they share nothing but the name, and that even just in shortened form. We also keep different articles for Apogee Software and 3D Realms (which was formerly titled Apogee Software). Having the same brand does not imply being the same company, especially since there is no company behid the new Sierra, just the label. Iftekharahmed96 is completely correct by saying that we should keep those apart (maybe create a new "Sierra" article, or simply mention the brand revival in lede and body). Times where keeping it together would be when the same company is re-established as it was previously or with minor changes, as is Avalanche Software (shut down last year, re-established legally with the same management and majority of employees this year under a different parent company). Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 09:15, 1 July 2017 (UTC)
 * "Iftekharahmed96 is completely correct by saying that we should keep those apart". Oh, he is saying the opposite. I am the one who said they should be kept apart. I just settled for the mention of the latter in the infobox as a way of compromise. —Codename Lisa (talk) 10:45, 1 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh uh, I probably got that mixed up, pardon. Anyway, the current compromise--especially in the fate field--is sub-par, as the brand revival has nothing to do with the company's demise. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 10:53, 1 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, I wouldn't say "nothing", but yes. I believe you are correct enough. —Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk) 11:30, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

First of all, I'll need to point out that the original sentence was added by you in this edit, so it would be on you, not me, to explain its in-/exlcusion. Regardless, the company closed down in 2008, and that is where the company history stops, that it was closed was the company's fate. Our documentation reads "Reason/reasons the company became defunct, or the name of the entity that acquired or merged with it."—"Brand name revived" is not such a reason. If we opted to include that in that parameter, we would also have to state the brand's re-disbandment, and it would grow longer onwards, wherefore I see no reason for exclusion. The already short lead (which I admittedly cleaned up a little to avoid redundancies and bad wording) also outlines the case already. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 12:11, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't really mind to disregard the brand revival on the "fate" section. Personally, I would have preferred it to be there because Sierra plays a major role in the video game industry even if it's just a label today. So excluding the brand revival from the "fate" section and treating Sierra on the infobox like something 100% gone from the landscape seem quite drastic to me. But I can live with that if that's what the consensus decides. There are things that are more important to me on Wikipedia than this.

Verb tense
Hi.

According to :"By default, write articles in the present tense, including for those covering products or works that have been discontinued. Articles discussing works of fiction are also written in the present tense (see WP:Writing better articles § Tense). Generally, do not use past tense except for deceased subjects, past events, and subjects that no longer meaningfully exist as such."

In that light, I think "was a company" is not correct.

Best regards,Codename Lisa (talk) 10:11, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * According to Washington State's company register, Sierra Entertainment, Inc. is inactive and as such does no longer exist apart from an inactivity record, wherefore it applies to the latter part "no longer [exists] meaningfully". Again, also per my above concern Sierra is a brand (that is name, image, trademark) that was established by the company, but is not the company itself. Sierra ≠ Sierra Entertainment, Inc. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 10:34, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Funny, I thought we already came to a consensus regarding the layout of the Sierra Entertainment infobox? Iftekharahmed96 (talk) 11:36, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * This is not about the infobox, rather about the lead sentence. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 11:49, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I see. I must have gotten this discussion confused with your revert of Codename Lisa edit. Iftekharahmed96 (talk) 11:54, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

Declaring peripheral COI
I've just added (in this diff) a few details about the fate of Sierra's original Oakhurst office. The source is effectively an opinion piece by an ex-employee, hardly a reliable source but marginally better than the nothing we had before. But it could use a better source.

That's not the reason I'm posting, though. Back in 1998 I was an employee of Cendant Corporation, the company Sierra had then-recently been acquired by, for a few months. (Literally... 7 months, to be precise.) Honestly I don't remember even being aware at the time that Sierra was a Cendant subsidiary, and I certainly possess neither allegiance to, nor inside knowledge of, either Sierra or Cendant — then or since — in any way that would influence my contributions. Still, in the interest of complete transparency I felt it best to make this declaration. In the same vein, I have placed a notice at the top of this page. -- FeRDNYC (talk) 10:25, 24 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I would think that any contributions you make aren't going to a serious COI issue, given the distances in both time and your relative position then, but its good to at least declare it. I would not worry about it too much, and thus encourage you to continue to contribute. --M asem (t) 12:54, 24 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Well, as you can see it didn't exactly deter me from editing, LOL. Nor do I imagine it will in the future... unless some sort of actual conflict arises, though I can't imagine how/what that could possibly be. But I made the declaration intending it as a statement pretty much to that effect: I'm aware of the possibility, however remote it may be, and will be sure to first consider possible COI before submitting any edits to the article. -- FeRDNYC (talk) 09:40, 9 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sierra Entertainment


text: User talk:200.158.162.226

title: User talk:200.158.162.226


text: User talk:63.245.107.181

title: User talk:63.245.107.181


text:
User talk:Plastic

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --L$T27 00:45, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Plastic


text:
User talk:Stomicron

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --L$T27 00:45, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Stomicron


text:
User talk:Paul Vogel/4.236.255.165

You should be aware that personal attacks are against the explicit policy of this site, and may lead to being blocked from editing here. Pakaran. 00:46, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

"Personal attacks" by whom upon whom and for what reasons? Curious. What are you really talking about Pakaran? Has this explicit policy been enforced equally and without bias? Or are there some few "chosen" editors here actually "above the law" or "explicit policies" of this site?

HI Paul. Are you going to leave, or do I have to wear down my mouse buttons blocking you? Pakaran. 00:59, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The Whole Truth is never going to leave, and wearing down your mouse buttons in order to block it, is not going to change it, one way or another. The messenger is not important, only the message actually is.

title: User talk:Paul Vogel/4.236.255.165


text:
User:Toastie97

So I finally discovered Wikipedia on September 26, 2004, and I have no idea how consumed I will become by it, but I'm quite fascinated by it as of today and will add little blurbs to pages as I semi-randomly navigate the terrain...

Nearly three years later, I've found a Wikipedia cause, and that shall be to improve the content regarding the city of my residence, Durham, North Carolina. I love Durham, and while "Great Things [Do] Happen Here," as the city's official slogan says, there are also plenty of reasons to be cynical. The winner of Bullsh@t's slogan contest is pretty funny--"Durham - It's Not As Scary If You're Drunk".

title: User:Toastie97


text:
Nancy Marchand

Nancy Lou Marchand (June 19, 1928 – June 18, 2000) was an American actress. She began her career in theater in 1951. She was most famous for her television portrayals of Margaret Pynchon on Lou Grant and Livia Soprano on The Sopranos.

Early life
Marchand was born in Buffalo, New York, on June 19, 1928, and grew up in the adjacent suburb of Amherst, New York. She attended Amherst High School, and studied acting at the Studio Theatre School in Buffalo, taking two buses to make the trip. She graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949 and studied theater at the Herbert Berghof Studio in New York City.

Career
Marchand made her first professional stage appearance in 1946 in The Late George Apley in Ogunquit, Maine. She made her Broadway debut in The Taming of the Shrew in 1951. She won a Distinguished Performance Obie Award for The Balcony, and she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for The White Liars & Black Comedy. She was nominated four times for the Drama Desk Award, winning for Morning's at Seven. She won a second Obie for her performance in A. R. Gurney's The Cocktail Hour.

Marchand originated the roles of Vinnie Phillips on the CBS soap opera Love of Life and Theresa Lamonte on the NBC soap opera Another World. She also starred as matriarch Edith Cushing on Lovers and Friends, a short-lived soap opera.

Marchand was renowned for her roles as patrician newspaper publisher Margaret Pynchon on Lou Grant, winning four Emmy Awards as Best Supporting Actress in a Dramatic Series, and as matriarch Livia Soprano, mother of Tony Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos, which earned her a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series, as well as two Emmy Award nominations.

She appeared in many anthology series in the early days of television, including The Philco Television Playhouse (on which she starred in Marty opposite Rod Steiger), Kraft Television Theatre, Studio One, and Playhouse 90. Additional television credits include The Law and Mr. Jones, Spenser: For Hire, Law & Order, Homicide: Life on the Street, Coach, and Night Court.

Marchand's feature film credits included The Bachelor Party, Ladybug Ladybug, Me, Natalie, Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon, The Hospital, The Bostonians, From the Hip, Jefferson in Paris, Brain Donors, Reckless, The Naked Gun, Sabrina and Dear God.

Personal life
Marchand was married to actor Paul Sparer. He died in 1999 from cancer at age 75. The couple had three children: Katie, David, and Rachel and seven grandchildren.

Marchand suffered from lung cancer, emphysema, and COPD. She died on June 18, 2000, a day before her 72nd birthday, in Stratford, Connecticut. She was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Marchand's death occurred between Seasons 2 and 3 of The Sopranos, before a plot line prominently involving her character was resolved. Her death was written into the plot, and one final scene was created for her using computer-generated imagery, which was a new technology at the time, together with outtakes from previous seasons.

title: Nancy Marchand


text:
Acme Aircraft Corporation

The Acme Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Rockford, Illinois, founded in 1928.

The company president was R.S. Link and the general manager was P.H. Ryan.

Products
The company was established to produce biplane sport aircraft in the 90 hp range. The company built one Acme Biplane and also produced the parasol wing Acme Sportsman. The Sportsman was designed by Edward A. Stalker, the head of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering at the University of Michigan. Only two of that model were completed before the company went out of business by 1931, in the Great Depression.

title: Acme Aircraft Corporation


text:
Lake Merced

Lake Merced (Laguna de Merced) is a freshwater lake in the southwest corner of San Francisco, in the U.S. state of California. It is surrounded by three golf courses (the private Olympic Club and San Francisco Golf Club, and the public TPC Harding Park), as well as residential areas, Lowell High School, San Francisco State University, Lakeshore Alternative Elementary School, Stonestown Galleria, Fort Funston and the Pacific Ocean. The San Francisco Police Department shooting range, as well as a now closed skeet shooting club and the city's National Guard armory are also in the area. The lake was also the home of the Lake Merced Sailing Club, now closed, which provided training and racing for local sailors. Currently there is a paddling program operated by [https://campusrec.sfsu.edu/Boathouse#:~:text=We%20currently%20offer%20themed%20paddling,clinics%20starting%20in%20Fall%202023. San Francisco State University]. The lake is home of the Pacific Rowing Club and St. Ignatius College Prep Rowing Team, both competitive rowing programs for San Francisco high school students.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for Lake Merced based on levels of mercury found in fish caught from this water body.

History
Lake Merced was originally christened Laguna de Nuestra Señora de la Merced by Captain Don Bruno de Heceta in 1775. Father Pedro Font, while on the de Anza Expedition to found the Presidio of San Francisco in March, 1776 wrote in his diary, "we saw a grove of live oaks near which is the Laguna de la Merced, where Captain Ribera stopped; and here we saw many bears (California Grizzly Bear)..."

At approximately 11pm of November 22, 1852, a shock was reported to have occurred by those in the areas around the Lake and the following day reports were made that "...a fissure half a mile wide and three hundred yards long was discovered, through which the waters of Lake Merced were flowing to the sea." The most probable cause of the shock was attributed to heavy rains forcing a passage through the sandbank at the north-west. The Lake is reported to have lost 30 ft of water. A map from 1881 shows that the Lake still had a passage to sea, 29 years later.

Once owned by Francisco De Haro, first Alcalde of Yerba Buena, as part of the Galindo ranch, the Spring Valley Water Company bought the water rights for the Lake in 1868, and the surrounding watershed in successive years. By purchasing all local supply, the company created a monopoly on San Francisco's water. It was not until 1908, when the city approved construction of O'Shaughnessy Dam creating the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, that the city gained municipal control. Prior to the construction of the dam, Lake Merced was to serve as the city's main reservoir, with plans to expand the lake into land that is now the San Francisco State University campus. Around this time, Spring Valley sold off some of its land on Lake Merced, making way for the golf courses that exist today. In 1940, Metropolitan Life bought the last of Spring Valley's land to build the Parkmerced apartment complex.

Ecology
The lake is fed by an underground spring, and at one time it did have an outlet to the ocean as shown on an 1869 United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Map. The salt level was always fluctuating, and therefore some species of fish which inhabit the lake are salt and freshwater adapted. There is active recreational fishing at the lake. The lake's water level had been shrinking for decades, endangering the historic role of Lake Merced to support a healthy ecosystem. Due to better management of the aquifer and occasional additions of water, lake level has been rising since 1990. The only natural freshwater lakes in San Francisco are Pine Lake, Lake Merced, and Mountain Lake.

Famous duel
On September 13, 1859, Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court David S. Terry killed United States Senator David C. Broderick in a duel at the lake.

title: Lake Merced


text:
(She Was A) Hotel Detective

"(She Was A) Hotel Detective" is a song and single by alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. It was released as a single on May 5, 1988, two years after the release of They Might Be Giants, the album on which it originally appeared. The "Hotel Detective" title has become a somewhat recurring theme for the band.

As in the single release of "Don't Let's Start", the version of the song on the "Hotel Detective" single is slightly different from the album version. In this case, a drum track fades in to open the song, and Linnell's saxophone is more prominent. Additionally, Peter Pearmain Thomson sings backing vocals, whereas on the album, the backing vocals are sung by John Flansburgh.

The entire contents of the EP also appear on the compilation album Miscellaneous T. The track "Kiss Me, Son of God" went on to be re-recorded and released on the band's 1988 album, Lincoln. Neither the CD release nor the 12" release of the EP list the untitled track in their respective track listings. The track consists of a conversation recorded on Dial-A-Song's answering machine between a listener known only as "Gloria" and an unknown male.

"Hotel Detective" series
The song "(She Was A) Hotel Detective", which was written by John Flansburgh, first appeared on They Might Be Giants, the band's debut album. It was later followed up by "She Was a Hotel Detective", which appeared on an EP, Back to Skull, released in 1994. The sequel was written by John Linnell, "in the tradition of 'Peggy Sue Got Married' and 'Let's Twist Again'". The lyrics to "She Was A Hotel Detective" (the sequel) include the phrase "motel directive", which is transcribed between the leadout grooves of the original Hotel Detective vinyl EP.

A second sequel, "(She Was A) Hotel Detective in the Future", was released on the band's podcast, and subsequently on a CD compilation of songs from the podcast, Cast Your Pod to the Wind. This final sequel was followed by a fake "commentary track" for the song, which was actually far longer than the song itself.

Music video
The music video for "(She Was A) Hotel Detective" was directed by Adam Bernstein. Some portions of the video show cartoons of the two Johns, animated by Joey Ahlbum. The video is split between these animated segments and segments of John Flansburgh and John Linnell performing the song in a dark room in front of a large "ROCK MUSIC" sign. The video is intentionally over-indulgent, but John and John were unhappy with the final result.

Joey Ahlbum's animated versions of John Linnell and John Flansburgh from the "(She Was A) Hotel Detective" music video were used in the first episode of the 1991 sitcom Clarissa Explains It All to show that Clarissa liked Linnell (referred to as "John, the one without glasses"). The figures were also used by Bar/None on promotional postcards.

Track listing
All tracks by They Might Be Giants.

Personnel

 * They Might Be Giants
 * John Flansburgh – vocals, guitar
 * John Linnell – vocals, bass saxophone, baritone saxophone, synthesizers, accordion

 * Additional musicians
 * Lt. Anne Moore – vocals
 * Peter Pearmain Thomson – backup vocals

 * Production
 * Al Houghton – engineer
 * Bill Krauss – producer
 * Mark Marek – cover art
 * Rita Zaitschek – cover production

title: (She Was A) Hotel Detective


text: User talk:84.66.147.203

title: User talk:84.66.147.203


text:
Talk:Trivia (goddess)

According to Lempriere's Dictionary, Trivia is a name for Diana and not Hecate, so the redirect to that particularly silly article was unwarranted. Furthermore, had someone gone there, they'd have gotten no idea whatever of what she was a goddess of. Geogre 00:55, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trivia (goddess)


text:
They'll Need a Crane

"They'll Need a Crane" is a song by They Might Be Giants, released as a single on February 10, 1989. In addition to vinyl and cassette releases, the single was released as a 3-inch CD. "They'll Need a Crane" was the first song the band performed on network television, in 1989 on Late Night with David Letterman.

Background
The song's lyrics focus on the breakup of a dysfunctional heterosexual relationship between a male "lad" and a female "gal". The band makes reference to the couple's respective flaws and make use of construction imagery to describe the relationship's degradation.

Music video
A music video for the single was directed by Adam Bernstein, a frequent collaborator of the band during their earlier years. It was filmed at the Bethesda terrace in Central park, New York City. The video primarily features the band playing with a group of elderly musicians, most notably jazz drummer Johnny Blowers who worked with Frank Sinatra during the 1940s.

Track listing

 * 1) "They'll Need a Crane"
 * 2) "It's Not My Birthday"
 * 3) "I'll Sink Manhattan"
 * 4) "Nightgown of the Sullen Moon"

title: They'll Need a Crane


text: User talk:64.228.81.83

title: User talk:64.228.81.83


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Taylor Twellman

Taylor Timothy Twellman (born February 29, 1980) is an American former soccer player who played professionally from 1999 to 2010. He now works in the media as a soccer television commentator for MLS Season Pass on Apple TV.

Twellman is best known for his play with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS) from 2002 to 2009, during which time he scored more goals in MLS than any other player. He was the youngest player to score 100 goals in MLS in 2009 at the age of 29, and is New England's all-time leading goal scorer. Twellman was a five-time MLS all-star and in 2005 was the league MVP. Twellman also earned 30 caps for the United States national team, scoring 6 international goals.

Twellman has been active since his retirement in promoting awareness of concussions and working in the media as a color commentator for ESPN/ABC until 2023 and for Apple TV since 2023.

Youth and college
Taylor was raised in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended Saint Louis University High School (SLUH), where he was an all-star athlete in American football, basketball, soccer, and baseball, during which he was offered a contract by the Kansas City Royals baseball team. After graduating from SLUH in 1998, Twellman rejected the offer, electing to play soccer at Maryland on an athletic scholarship. At Maryland, Twellman played soccer in 1998 and 1999; in 1998 Twellman was named a second-team All American for the squad, and in his sophomore 1999 season he finished as a runner-up for both the Hermann Trophy and the MAC Player of the Year Award. After only two seasons with the Terrapins, Twellman left college to turn professional.

Professional career
In 2000, Twellman signed with German Bundesliga club 1860 Munich. He spent two years with the team, but played for the reserve team in Division III, and never played above the reserve level.

Twellman returned to the U.S. when he was drafted second overall by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft. In Twellman's first season in MLS, he established himself as one of the best players in the league, scoring 23 goals. He finished second in league MVP voting, and was named to the 2002 MLS Best XI. In the 2003 season, despite being beset by a number of injuries, Twellman finished tied with Carlos Ruiz of the L.A. Galaxy for top goalscorer of the league with 15. His production went down in 2004, as he ended up with just nine goals.

Twellman's best MLS season came in 2005, winning both the Major League Soccer MVP Award and MLS Golden Boot, and finishing the regular season with 17 goals. He was also named to the 2005 MLS Best XI. Twellman was the target of transfer talk when Odd Grenland of Norway reportedly made a $1.2 million bid for him, which MLS rejected. In February 2007, New England announced they had signed Twellman to a four-year contract, reportedly worth $5 million.

In 2007, Twellman won his first title with the Revolution: the US Open Cup, a season in which he finished third in MLS in goals scored. The Revolution also won the Eastern Conference title, with Twellman scoring a spectacular bicycle kick against the Chicago Fire to secure the Revs' spot in the 2007 MLS Cup. Twellman scored the opening goal of the 2007 MLS Cup against Houston Dynamo. However, this would be New England's only goal as they would go on to lose their third straight MLS Cup by a score of 2–1.

In January 2008, English Championship team Preston North End attempted to entice Major League Soccer and the New England Revolution to sell Twellman. Preston initially advanced an offer of $1.7 million, but MLS and the team rejected that offer, rejected another offer of $2.5 million, and then rejected another bid for $3 to $3.5 million, which would have been the fourth highest and possibly the second highest transfer fee in MLS history to date.

Injuries and retirement
Twellman suffered a neck injury and a serious concussion from a mid-air collision against Los Angeles Galaxy goalkeeper Steve Cronin on August 30, 2008. Twellman played the rest of the 2008 season, but due to lingering symptoms from his whiplash and concussion, he played only two games in 2009. Twellman had planned to make his return during the 2010 season, but he was unable to play that season and was placed on the season-ending injury list. After struggling to find any playing time over the past three seasons in MLS due to his head injury, Twellman announced his retirement from the game at the end of the 2010 MLS season.

International career
Twellman began his involvement with the U.S. national program at youth level with the U-17 and U-20 squads. He first gained professional attention after scoring four goals for the U-20 national team at the 1999 World Youth Championship while still playing with the University of Maryland. He also represented the United States at the 1999 Pan American Games.

After establishing himself in MLS, Twellman made his first appearance with the senior U.S. national team on November 17, 2002, against El Salvador. He struggled to score his first international goal, having several apparent goals waved off for offside infractions. He finally scored against Panama in a World Cup qualifier on October 12, 2005. He improved his chances for a spot on the 2006 World Cup team in a friendly against Norway on January 29, 2006. In the game, he scored the ninth hat trick in U.S. national team history, but was ultimately left off the World Cup roster by coach Bruce Arena.

Twellman was selected by new U.S. coach Bob Bradley as a member of the U.S. squad for the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup, scoring in a group stage win over El Salvador. Twellman gradually fell out of the national team pool in the following years after a series of concussions sidelined his club career.

Post-retirement
Since retirement, Twellman has created the THINKTaylor foundation, a charitable organization regarding sports-related concussions. Twellman has agreed to donate his brain to science after death. His brain could be of use to determine whether multiple concussions cause permanent harm to the brain.

Twellman Soccer provides programs and tools for players, coaches and organizations across the United States.

Media career
Twellman has had an active media career after retiring as a player. He joined ESPN/ABC from November 2011 until January 2023 as a soccer analyst, serving as lead color commentator for their Major League Soccer coverage alongside lead play-by-play commentator Adrian Healey and later Jon Champion. He also hosted a weekly recap show about the league, MLS Rewind, on ESPN+. Twellman called the 2012, 2016, and 2020 European Championships, and in 2014 Twellman was the USMNT lead color commentator in the World Cup in Brazil. He left the network in January 2023 to join Apple's MLS coverage.

Personal life
Taylor's father Tim Twellman, and uncles Mike Twellman and Steve Twellman, all played professionally in the North American Soccer League. Taylor's brother James Twellman played with the San Jose Earthquakes reserves in 2002. Taylor's grandfather, Jim Delsing, was a Major League Baseball outfielder in the 1950s for five teams. His uncle is golfer Jay Delsing.

International

 * Scores and results list the United States' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Twellman goal.

Honors
New England Revolution
 * U.S. Open Cup: 2007
 * North American SuperLiga: 2008

United States
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2007

Individual
 * Major League Soccer MVP: 2005
 * MLS Golden Boot (2): 2002, 2005
 * MLS Best XI: 2002, 2005
 * MLS 100 goals club

In 2004, Twellman received the inaugural Keough Award, which recognizes the outstanding male soccer player from the St. Louis area.

title: Taylor Twellman


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Tarzan of the Apes

Tarzan of the Apes is a 1912 novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, and the first in the Tarzan series. The story was first printed in the pulp magazine The All-Story in October 1912 before being released as a novel in June 1914.

The story follows the title character Tarzan's adventures, from his childhood being raised by apes in the jungle to his eventual encounters with other humans and Western society. So popular was the character that Burroughs continued the series into the 1940s with two dozen sequels.

Scholars have noted several important themes in the novel: the impact of heredity on behavior; racial superiority; civilization, especially as Tarzan struggles with his identity as a human; sexuality; and escapism.

In April 2012, in advance of the novel's centennial anniversary, the Library of America published a hardcover edition based on Burroughs' original novel, with an introduction by Thomas Mallon.(ISBN 978-1-59853-164-0).

Plot summary
John and Alice (Rutherford) Clayton, Viscount and Lady Greystoke from England, are marooned in the western coastal jungles of equatorial Africa in 1888. Some time later, their son John Clayton II is born. When he is one year old his mother dies, and soon thereafter his father is killed by the savage king ape Kerchak. The infant is then adopted by the she-ape widow Kala, who lost her previous son from a jaguar.

Clayton is named "Tarzan" ("White Skin" in the ape language) and raised in ignorance of his human heritage.

As a boy, feeling alienated from his peers due to their physical differences, he discovers his true parents' cabin, where he first learns of others like himself in their books. Using basic primers with pictures, over many years he teaches himself to read English, but having "never heard it, cannot speak it."

Upon his return from one visit to the cabin, he is attacked by a huge gorilla which he manages to kill with his father's knife, although he is terribly wounded in the struggle. As he grows up, Tarzan becomes a skilled hunter, exciting the jealousy of Kerchak, the ape leader, who finally attacks him. Tarzan kills Kerchak and takes his place as "king" of the apes.

Later, a tribe of black Africans settle in the area, and Tarzan's adopted mother, Kala, is killed by one of its hunters. Avenging himself on the killer, Tarzan begins an antagonistic relationship with the tribe, raiding its village for weapons and practicing cruel pranks on them. They, in turn, regard him as an evil spirit and attempt to placate him.

A few years later when Tarzan is 21 years of age, a new party is marooned on the coast, including 19 year old Jane Porter, the first white woman Tarzan has ever seen. Tarzan's cousin, William Cecil Clayton, unwitting usurper of the ape man's ancestral English estate, is also among the party. Tarzan spies on the newcomers, aids them in secret, and saves Jane from the perils of the jungle.

Among the party is French naval officer Paul D'Arnot. While Tarzan is rescuing D'Arnot from the natives, a rescue ship recovers the castaways. D'Arnot teaches Tarzan to speak French and offers to take Tarzan to the land of white men where he might connect with Jane again. On their journey, D'Arnot teaches him how to behave among white men. In the ensuing months, Tarzan eventually learns to speak English, as well.

Ultimately, Tarzan travels to find Jane in Wisconsin, USA where he rescues her from a fire. Tarzan learns the bitter news that she has become engaged to William Clayton. Meanwhile, clues from his parents' cabin have enabled D'Arnot to prove Tarzan's true identity as John Clayton II, the Earl of Greystoke. Instead of reclaiming his inheritance from William, Tarzan chooses rather to conceal and renounce his heritage for the sake of Jane's happiness.

Background
Burroughs drifted across the United States until he was thirty-six, holding seventeen consecutive careers before he published stories. He worked as a U.S. cavalryman, a gold miner in Oregon, a cowboy in Idaho, a railroad policeman in Salt Lake City, and an owner of several failed businesses. He decided to write his own pulp fiction after being disappointed by the reading material others offered, and worked in that capacity for four years before his first novel, Tarzan of the Apes, was published. Tarzan first appeared in The All-Story in October 1912. The All-Story published it in its entirety in installments, and it was published in 1914 as a novel.

Though The Jungle Book is sometimes cited as an influence on Burroughs' Tarzan of the Apes, he claimed that his only inspiration was the Roman myth of Romulus and Remus. Rudyard Kipling commented that Burroughs "had 'jazzed' the motif of the Jungle Books and, I imagine, thoroughly enjoyed himself."

Major themes
Recent literary criticism often focuses on the identity of the eponymous protagonist of Tarzan of the Apes. Literary scholars, such as Jeff Berglund, Mikko Tuhkanen, J. Michelle Coughlan, Bijana Oklopčić, and Catherine Jurca have examined the overlapping themes of Tarzan's heredity, race, civilized behavior, sexuality, and escapist appeal. Writers in popular culture, such as Gore Vidal, often emphasize Tarzan's escapist appeal.

Heredity
Burroughs himself acknowledged the centrality of the theme of heredity in the novel, and its conflict with the environment. According to his biographer, John Taliaferro, he claimed in a Writer’s Digest, "I was mainly interested in playing with the idea of a contest between heredity and environment. For this purpose I selected an infant child of a race strongly marked by hereditary characteristics of the finer and nobler sort, and at an age at which he could not have been influenced by association with creatures of his own kind I threw him into an environment as diametrically opposite that to which he had been born as I might well conceive".

The scholar Jeff Burglund notices that although Tarzan was brought up in the jungle far from other humans, he is inexplicably drawn back to his parents’ cabin and the objects which he finds there. He discovers a capacity for gentlemanly behavior around Jane despite no one teaching it to him. Although the African tribes which he fights practice cannibalism, he suddenly feels revulsion when he considers eating one of the African men he kills. When he refuses to eat the African, Burroughs portrays "hereditary instinct" as the reason. Tarzan's genetic association with upper-class, Western civilization conditions his actions more than his violent environment, and Berglund claims that Tarzan could represent the stereotypical "scion of English stock" in colonialized countries. His racial superiority manifests itself through his behavior because it correlates with the ideals of Western civilization, whether he treats a woman politely or cannot force himself to eat an African man.

Racism
Biljana Oklopčić emphasizes the portrayal of race in Tarzan of the Apes. She claims that Tarzan represents white, male opposition to the "black rapist" stereotype which was prevalent in the Southern U.S. at the time of its publication because the language which describes apes parallels propaganda against people of Sub-Saharan African descent.

Catherine Jurca similarly analyzes Tarzan as opposed to tolerating the presence of people of other races and classes in favor of preserving his own culture. The way that Tarzan defends his corner of civilization, his parents’ home, from the "savages" who want to destroy it, reflects an early twentieth-century American attitude; as darker-skinned immigrants flooded the country, especially urban areas, white Americans feared that their culture would be destroyed by newcomers who did not understand or care about it, and tried to protect the suburbs in the same way that Tarzan tries to protect his home.

Though Burroughs' admirers have tried to downplay claims of racism, or to explain that it was a common stereotype at the time the book was written, John Newsinger examines the extent to which Burroughs unfavorably described black characters. He wrote that Tarzan is the story of the "whiteman's conquest of black savagery", where the native Sub-Saharan Africans are portrayed as brutes whom Tarzan enjoys taunting and killing.

Civilization
Tarzan's jungle upbringing and eventual exposure to Western civilization form another common theme in literary criticism of the novel. Berglund notes that Tarzan's ability to read and write sets him apart from the apes, the African villagers, and the lower-class sailors in the novel, and culminates in Tarzan recognizing himself as a human for the first time; moreover, he sees himself as a man who is superior to others unlike himself. Jeff Berglund argues that this realization exemplifies Burroughs' portrayal of whiteness and literacy as fundamental to civilization through implying that Tarzan's growth into a perfectly civilized person stems from his Western, white heritage and ability to read and write.

However, Mikko Tuhkanen claims that the apparently civilized qualities of Tarzan, such as his interest in reading, threaten his survival as a human in the jungle. For Tuhkanen, Tarzan represents the fluidity with which humans should define themselves. He asserts, "[T]he human and the nonhuman become grotesquely indistinguishable" in the novel. Humans mistake apes for other humans, an ape tries to rape Jane, Tarzan finds a surrogate ape mother when he cries out like an ape, and he must act against his human instincts by jumping into a dangerous body of water in order to survive an attack from a lion. Because simian and human behavior blend, and because civilized habits seem to threaten human survival, Tuhkanen claims that humans must contradict the expectations of civilization regarding the characteristics of humans. For Tuhkanen, the novel exemplifies “queer ethics,” encouraging “perverse sexuality” along with other behaviors which Western civilization often discouraged.

Escapism
Most of the stories that Burroughs wrote were stories that he told himself. According to Gore Vidal, when Burroughs was unsatisfied with reality, "he consoled himself with an inner world where he was strong and handsome, adored by beautiful women and worshipped by exotic races." The story served for the most part as a form of masculine escape that inspired men and boys. The adventurous character of Tarzan also appealed to wider American audiences over decades as a powerful means of escaping the sense of boredom and frustration which accompanies a confining society, and to the twentieth-century American desire to reconquer a home that seemed lost. "In the eyes of contemporary man, huddled in large cities and frustrated by a restrictive civilization, Tarzan was a joyous symbol of primitivism, an affirmation of life, endowing the reader with a Promethean sense of power."

Film adaptations
Burroughs' novel has been the basis of several films. The first two were the silent films Tarzan of the Apes (1918) and The Romance of Tarzan (1918), both starring Elmo Lincoln as Tarzan, based on the first and second parts of the novel, respectively. The next and most famous adaptation was Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), starring Johnny Weissmuller, who went on to star in 11 other Tarzan films. Lincoln was replaced by Weissmuller (as actor); similarly Clayton was replaced by Harry Holt (the character in the films). It was remade twice, as Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959), featuring Denny Miller, and Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981), with Miles O'Keeffe as Tarzan and Bo Derek as Jane.

The 1935 12-part serial, The New Adventures of Tarzan, starred Herman Brix (later, "Bruce Bennett"). This was produced contemporaneously with the Weissmuller versions.

Four more movie adaptations have been made to date: Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984), a film starring Christopher Lambert that is more faithful to the book; Tarzan of the Apes (1999), a direct-to-video animated film; Tarzan (1999), a Disney animated film with Tony Goldwyn as the voice of Tarzan; and The Legend of Tarzan (2016), a more historically contextualized update starring Alexander Skarsgård and Margot Robbie, as well as Christoph Waltz and Samuel L. Jackson, portraying actual figures in the Congo at that time, the brutal Belgian Captain Léon Rom and American Civil War soldier George Washington Williams, respectively.

A number of Burroughs' other Tarzan novels have also been adapted for the screen. Numerous Tarzan films have been made with no connection to his writings other than the character.

Comic adaptations
The book has been adapted into comic form on a number of occasions, both in the original Tarzan comic strip and comic books. The strip itself began with Hal Foster's adaptation of the story. Notable adaptations into comic book form include those of Gold Key Comics in Tarzan no. 155 (script by Gaylord DuBois, art by Russ Manning), dated September 1966 (reprinted in no. 178, dated October 1969), DC Comics in Tarzan nos. 207-210, dated April–July 1972 (script and art by Joe Kubert), and Marvel in Tarzan Super Special no. 1 (reprinted in Tarzan of the Apes nos. 1-2, dated July–August 1984). Probably the most prestigious comic version, however, was illustrator and former Tarzan comic strip artist Burne Hogarth's 1972 adaptation of the first half of the book into his showcase graphic novel Tarzan of the Apes. (Hogarth subsequently followed up with another graphic novel Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1976), which adapted four stories from Burroughs' identically titled collection of Tarzan stories). Dynamite Entertainment adapted the story for the first six issues of Lord of the Jungle, albeit loosely; for example, the cannibal tribe was replaced by a village of literal apemen.

Radio adaptations
Three old-time radio series were based on the Tarzan character. Burroughs himself revised each script in the 1932-1934 series as needed for accuracy. That series had Burroughs' daughter, Joan, in the role of Jane.

title: Tarzan of the Apes


text:
Istanbul (Not Constantinople)

"Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" is a 1953 novelty song, with lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy and music by Nat Simon. It was written on the 500th anniversary of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans. The lyrics humorously refer to the official renaming of the city of Constantinople to Istanbul. The song's original release, performed by The Four Lads, was certified as a gold record. Numerous cover versions have been recorded over the years, most famously a 1990 version by They Might Be Giants.

Musical influences
Jazz historian Will Friedwald mentioned that the song is an answer to "C-O-N-S-T-A-N-T-I-N-O-P-L-E", written by Harry Carlton and recorded in 1928 by Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra.

The Four Lads original version
"Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" was originally recorded by the Canadian vocal quartet The Four Lads on August 12, 1953. This recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40082. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on October 24, 1953, and it peaked at #10. It was the group's first gold record.

Frankie Vaughan
Frankie Vaughan's 1954 version for HMV reached the UK charts that year with a peak position of No. 11.

Col Joye's Joy Boys
Col Joye's backing band recorded an instrumental version on the Festival Records label, which peaked No. 16 in November 1960 according to the former brand of the ARIA Charts, ending up as No. 95 for the 1961 year-end ranking.

Bing Crosby
Bing Crosby began performing a version on his weekly radio show, The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric. It was first broadcast as a duet with Ella Fitzgerald at the end of 1953, and later with Connie Russell in early 1954. It featured John Scott Trotter's Orchestra and trumpet soloist Ziggy Elman.

Big Muffin Serious Band
Big Muffin Serious Band, a ukulele-based music performance group from New Zealand, released a cover on their LP "Jabberwocky Goes To Town" in 1987.

They Might Be Giants
One of the best-known versions of "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" is the cover by the alternative rock band They Might Be Giants (TMBG), who released it on their album Flood in 1990. It was released as the second single from that album in the same year. TMBG's version is at a faster tempo than the original. The music video was featured in the first season of MTV's Liquid Television. TMBG's version of the song is prominently featured in the Tiny Toon Adventures episode "Tiny Toon Music Television", as the soundtrack to a segment featuring Plucky Duck as a private detective hired to find a missing statue. It was also used as the theme in the 1992 thriller Black Magic starring Judge Reinhold. It later appeared in the first season of the Netflix series The Umbrella Academy, as well as an ending to an episode of The Simpsons, "Mobile Homer". The single reached number 61 on the UK Singles Chart in 1990. TMBG later recorded an electronic version of the song for their 2011 compilation album, Album Raises New and Troubling Questions.

The Sacados
A Spanish language version called "Estambul" was recorded by Argentine synth-pop trio The Sacados in 1990. The song was included on their debut album "Te pido + respeto" (1990).

The Trevor Horn Orchestra
An orchestra version was recorded for the 2003 film Mona Lisa Smile, starring Julia Roberts. It used as a background music.

Bart & Baker
Electro Swing duo Bart & Baker covered the song for their album "The Jet Lag EP" (2012). Another version called "Istanbul 2016" was included on their curation album "Best Of Electro Swing By Bart & Baker" (2016).

Bette Midler
Bette Midler performed the song as part of her 1976 special for Home Box Office, "Live at Last." It appears on the album of the same name.

PJ Harvey
PJ Harvey used a loop of the song as inspiration for the title track of her album Let England Shake. Her release Let England Shake – Demos revealed that The Four Lads original recording was used as a constant sound bed under Let England Shake with PJ Harvey singing lyrics from the song at the end of demo.

Live performance cover versions
The Doox of Yale, an a cappella group at Yale University, perform the song at the end of most of their concerts. The song has been in the repertoire of the group since 1953 (when they were known as "The Duke's Men").

During the 2000s, the song was performed live by Australian Klezmer/Gypsy Jazz band Monsieur Camembert, appearing on the album Live on Stage.

title: Istanbul (Not Constantinople)


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Mohonk Preserve

The Mohonk Preserve is a nature preserve in the Shawangunk Ridge, 90 mi north of New York City in Ulster County, New York. The preserve has over 8000 acre of cliffs, forests, fields, ponds and streams, with over 70 mi of carriage roads and 40 mi of trails for hiking, cycling, trail running, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and horseback riding. It is also a major destination for rock climbers, hosting 50,000 climbers each year who enjoy more than 1,000 climbing routes.

History
The origins of the preserve date to 1869, when twin brothers Albert and Alfred Smiley purchased Lake Mohonk and established the Mohonk Mountain House. On February 26, 1963, the Smiley family, friends, neighbors and supporters formed the Mohonk Trust to protect the area's unique natural landscape for future generations. The property of the Mohonk Trust on that day in 1963 consisted of $100, a gift from Mabel Craven Smiley. Land was acquired by the Mohonk Trust over the years, and it became the Mohonk Preserve Inc. in 1978. According to their 2017 IRS Form 990 their assets then exceeded $25 million. Through the support of members, donors and partners, the preserve has become a center for outdoor education and a conservation advocate, especially for natural lands in the Shawangunks and the Hudson Valley. Its mission includes land protection and stewardship, sponsorship of environmental education programs, which according to Preserve officials have served more than 100,000 children over a thirty-year period, and maintenance of biological, weather, and natural history records spanning more than a century.

In 1986, the Mohonk Preserve and Mohonk Mountain House together were designated a National Historic Landmark.

The name "Moggonck" appeared in early boundary records referring to the "high hill", the crag now named Skytop where the Skytop Tower is located. The spelling change from "gg" to "h" was probably done for aesthetic reasons. The word Moggonck was possibly derived from the Lenape maxkwung, "place of bears", or from the Munsee maxkawenge, "hill of bears". Another possibility comes from the related Mohican language, in which Magunk is derived from Magki, "great", and Unk, "a standing tree".

Description

Headquarters of the not-for-profit Mohonk Preserve are in Gardiner, New York. Most of the land is in the town of Gardiner, but there is also land in the towns of Marbletown, Rosendale, New Paltz, and Rochester. Preserve lands extend for nearly 8 mi from Rosendale to Millbrook Mountain.

More than 75% of the Preserve's funding comes from contributions, memberships and investments. Grants from land conservation organizations, including some from the New York State Conservation Partnership Program, and funds from the state's Environmental Protection Fund amount to 23% of income. It was the first land trust established on the northern Shawangunk Ridge.

The Preserve's mission is to protect the Shawangunk Mountains by inspiring people to care for, enjoy, and explore the natural world. To accomplish its mission, the Preserve conducts programs in four key areas - environmental education, serving both school children and adults; land protection, saving high-priority land on the ridge; land stewardship, balancing the protection of land and wildlife with opportunities for recreation; and scientific research, creating a "living laboratory" on the land. The land is home to more than 1,400 plant and animal species, including the peregrine falcon, Jefferson salamander, and 2000 acre of rare dwarf pitch pine. Restricted deer hunting is allowed with the aim of preventing ecological damage due to overbrowsing.

There is a per-person day fee for cycling and rock climbing. Annual memberships are available. Free one-month memberships were offered to Ulster County residents in the spring and again in the fall of 2014. Hours of operation are from sunrise to one hour past sunset.

Minnewaska State Park Preserve adjoins the Mohonk Preserve lands to the south, and protects another 12000 acre of former property of another member of the Smiley family as a state park.

Daniel Smiley Research Center
The Daniel Smiley Research Center (DSRC) is the Mohonk Preserve's conservation science unit. The DSRC archive is recognized nationally for an extensive collection of biodiversity and natural history long-term research data. The archive includes more than 86 years of natural and cultural history observations, over 120 years of daily weather data, 60,000 physical items, 9,000 photographs, and research library. Of those physical items, there are over 3,000 herbarium specimens, 139 mammal specimens, 107 bird specimens, 140 butterfly specimens, 400 arthropod specimens, and over 10,000 index cards with handwritten and/or typed natural history observations. The collections are also frequently cited in research on climate change, biodiversity, bird migration, and human impact on the environment.

title: Mohonk Preserve


text: User talk:66.53.49.196

title: User talk:66.53.49.196


text:
Ramul

Ramul may refer to:
 * Konstantin Ramul, Estonian psychologist
 * Ramul, Iran, a village

title: Ramul