text:
Enercon

Enercon GmbH is a wind turbine manufacturer based in Aurich, Lower Saxony, Germany. It has been the market leader in Germany since the mid-1990s. Enercon has production facilities in Germany (Aurich, Emden and Magdeburg), Brazil, India, Canada, Turkey and Portugal. In June 2010, Enercon announced that they would be setting up Irish headquarters in Tralee.

, Enercon had installed more than 26,300 wind turbines, with a power generating capacity exceeding 43 GW. The most-often installed model is the E-40, which pioneered the gearbox-less design in 1993. As of July 2011, Enercon has a market share of 7.2% world-wide (fifth-highest) and 59.2% in Germany.

Technologies
Enercon wind turbines have some special technical features compared to turbines of most other manufacturers. Characteristic is the gearless propulsion concept, which Enercon pioneered since 1993. The first generation of gearless turbines was the E-40/500 kW series. (Earlier Enercon designs had a transmission train.) The hub with the rotor blades connects directly to the rotor of the ring generator (direct drive). The rotor unit rotates on a front and rear main bearing about a fixed axis. The speed of the rotor is transmitted directly to the high-pole synchronous generator, where the rotor rotates in the stator, differently. The Enercon generator has no permanent magnets, allowing the company to not rely on rare-earth metals. However, the direct connection also causes grid losses. Rotation speed and the mechanical load changes over the service life are lower than geared systems. Rotation speed varies from 18 to 45 revolutions per minute (RPM) for the E-33 and 5-11.7 RPM for the E-126 depending on wind speed, while a geared generator has a speed of about 1500 RPM at rated power. Thus the large Enercon generators lead to high tower head masses, and construction and logistical challenges. In 2022, the first integrated box-shaped nacelles with inverter and transformer reduced logistics - all previous Enercon turbines had power systems in the tower base.

Most Enercon systems are visually distinct from systems of other manufacturers. Their nacelles have been drop-shaped since 1995/1996. This unique design was developed by British architect Norman Foster, who also designed the dome of the Berlin Reichstag. In Germany and many other countries, the tower has coloured green rings above the foundation, which get brighter from bottom to top. On islands such as Borkum, the gradation is blue. The NCS grading is intended to better integrate the plant towers into the horizon. The rotor blades were the only ones on the market with blade tips similar to the winglets on aircraft.

In 2008, the first E-126 turbines (successor of the E-112) were installed at sites throughout Germany and Belgium, including the Estinnes wind farm (consisting of eleven E-126 turbines) in Belgium. Although the E-126 turbine was initially developed with a power rating of 6 MW, it has since been upgraded to 7.5 MW. The E-82 turbine was also upgraded and is available in 2, 2.3, and 3 MW versions.

Currently Enercon does not offer or supply wind turbines to offshore projects and has at times expressed skepticism about offshore wind parks. Enercon was rumored to have been ready to supply turbines to Germany's Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm and to a near-shore park near Wilhelmshaven but did not do so.

Turbines
Note: wind turbine designations with a "*" mean the turbine either temporarily unavailable, or has been taken off sale permanently.

Patent dispute
Enercon was prohibited from exporting their wind turbines to the US until 2010 due to alleged infringement of. In a dispute before the United States International Trade Commission, Enercon did not challenge the validity of the US patent but argued that their technology was not affected. The ITC decided that the patent covered the technology in question and banned Enercon turbines from the US market until 2010. Later, a cross patent agreement was made with the competitor General Electric, the successor of Kenetech, after similar claims of Enercon against GE. According to a NSA employee detailed information concerning Enercon was passed on to Kenetech via ECHELON. The aim of the alleged industrial espionage against Enercon was the forwarding of details of Wobben's generator technology to a US firm.

Other ventures
From 2008 to 2020, Enercon was part owner of a railway company, that among other things owns the Abelitz–Aurich railway, (via de:Eisenbahninfrastrukturgesellschaft Aurich-Emden) which is used to deliver wind turbine blades made by Enercon via rail to customers. During the time Enercon part-owned the rail line, the company undertook large scale investments in its infrastructure In 2020 Enercon sold its rail ventures To Hermann Bettels GmbH.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Enercon


text:
User talk:InspiredChaos

Hi, just thought I'd say hello. 147.9.159.224 06:08, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Suspicion of Puppetry
Hello InspiredChaos. You appear to have been here a while, however silently. I first wanted to thank you, and then regret to inform you as a result of your support for one or more of my articles you have been accused of being a "sock puppet" by the irrational RickK, one of the Wikipedia beurocrati. Don't take any offense to this, as he apparently has established quite a reputation for himself here. A shame.

Anyhow, I just wanted you to know that you're on a list of names here:

User_talk:Sjc

Don't let it get you down and I hope you can continue to contribute in the future. Most people here realize that just because something isn't relevant to them, it still has a potential for notability. Radman1 04:17, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:InspiredChaos


text:
User talk:Miraclediver

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

In Remembrance...
--nat Alo! Salut! Sunt eu, un haiduc?!?! 23:47, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Miraclediver


text:
Dictionary of Received Ideas

The Dictionary of Received Ideas (or Dictionary of Accepted Ideas; in French, Le Dictionnaire des idées reçues) is a short satirical work collected and published in 1911–13 from notes compiled by Gustave Flaubert during the 1870s, lampooning the clichés endemic to French society under the Second French Empire. It takes the form of a dictionary of automatic thoughts and platitudes, self-contradictory and insipid. It is often paired with the Sottisier (a collection of stupid quotations taken from the books of famous writers).

Purpose
At the time of Flaubert's death, it was unclear whether he intended eventually to publish it separately, or as an appendix to his unfinished novel, Bouvard et Pécuchet. In some of his notes, it seems that Flaubert intended the dictionary to be taken as the final creation of the two protagonists. In other notes, it seems the Sottisier is intended as their final work. Flaubert's two main themes are the "castigation of the cliché," and "an attack on misinformation, prejudice and incoherence as regards matters of fact.

Background
The idea of a spoof encyclopedia had fascinated him all his life. As a child, he had amused himself by writing down the absurd utterances of a friend of his mother's, and over the course of his career he speculated as to the best format for a compilation of stupidities. In a letter to Louis Bouilhet from 1850, Flaubert wrote: "Such a book, with a good preface in which the motive would be stated to be the desire to bring the nation back to Tradition, Order and Sound Conventions—all this so phrased that the reader would not know whether or not his leg was being pulled—such a book would certainly be unusual, even likely to succeed, because it would be entirely up to the minute." He wrote to Louise Colet in 1852: "No law could attack me, though I should attack everything. It would be the justification of Whatever is, is right. I should sacrifice the great men to all the nitwits, the martyrs to all the executioners, and do it in a style carried to the wildest pitch—fireworks... After reading the book, one would be afraid to talk, for fear of using one of the phrases in it."

Examples

 * ABSINTHE. Extra-violent poison: one glass and you're dead. Newspapermen drink it as they write their copy. Has killed more soldiers than the Bedouin.
 * ARCHIMEDES. On hearing his name, shout "Eureka!" Or else: "Give me a fulcrum and I will move the world." There is also Archimedes' screw, but you are not expected to know what it is.
 * ARTS. Are quite useless, since they are replaced by machines that manufacture even more quickly.
 * FEUDALISM. No need to have one single precise notion about it: thunder against.
 * OMEGA. Second letter of the Greek alphabet. [reference to alpha and omega]
 * THIRTEEN. Avoid being thirteen at table; it brings bad luck. The sceptics should not fail to crack jokes: "What is the difference? I'll eat enough for two!" Or again, if there are ladies, ask if any is pregnant.
 * WALTZ. Wax indignant about. A lascivious, impure dance that should only be danced by old ladies.

Parallels
The dictionary is comparable in many respects to Ambrose Bierce's The Devil's Dictionary, but takes the opposite tack by affirming all the commonplace notions.

Influence
The British impresario and humorist Willie Donaldson was long interested in the Dictionary; and, as "Henry Root", published something similar for the Britain of the 1980s: Henry Root's World of Knowledge.

title: Dictionary of Received Ideas


text: User talk:202.90.128.21

title: User talk:202.90.128.21


text:
Chris Owens (actor)

Christopher Bradley Owens (born 7 September 1961) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his performances on the television series The X-Files.

Owens was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Jeannette, a jazz singer, and Garry Owens, a jazz drummer.

Career
Owens has performed in many feature films, often in minor roles, including appearances in Cocktail and The Recruit. However, he is best known for his performances on the television series The X-Files. Owens initially guest starred as the younger version of William B. Davis's character, the Cigarette Smoking Man, in a 1996 episode "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man". He returned in 1997 in the same role in an episode called "Demons". Later that year, he played the Frankenstein-esque Great Mutato in a surreal episode called "The Post-Modern Prometheus".

In 1998, Owens was cast as special agent Jeffrey Spender, son of The Smoking Man and alien abductee Cassandra Spender. Owens was credited as 'Also Starring' but only appeared in eight episodes, spread across the show's fifth and sixth seasons, before his character died at the hand of his father. Owens returned in a 2002 episode called "William", playing a hideously disfigured Jeffrey Spender who had survived the "murder". He appeared a few episodes later in "The Truth", the series finale. Owens appeared one final time as Jeffrey Spender, on January 3rd, 2018, in The X-Files Eleventh Season Premiere, "My Struggle III", in order to warn Agent Scully and also divulged the last name of her son’s adoptive parents.

He has been nominated for numerous awards, including a 2002 Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role for The Uncles.

title: Chris Owens (actor)


text:
Talk:The Half-Gallon Quarter-Acre Pavlova Paradise

Untitled
The page New Zealand dream is currently being considered for deletion rather than modification. Those wishing deletion generally oppose the whole concept of a New Zealand dream, and also the Australian dream. Please pass your judgment about whether you favor full deletion or modification. Unfortunately they may also seek to delete the Australian dream. Badenoch 07:37, 10 November 2007 (UTC)


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Mitch Pileggi

Mitch Pileggi (born April 5, 1952) is an American actor. He played Horace Pinker in Shocker, Walter Skinner on The X-Files, Colonel Steven Caldwell on Stargate SG-1, Ernest Darby in Sons of Anarchy, and Harris Ryland in the TNT revival of Dallas (2012–2014).

Early life and education
Pileggi was born in Portland, Oregon, the son of Maxine, a homemaker, and Vito Pileggi, a defense contractor. Pileggi's family moved frequently because of his father's occupation, and Pileggi lived in Oregon, California, and Texas before spending most of his adolescence in Turkey.

Career
Pileggi began acting while he was a high school student in Turkey, playing musical theater. After returning to Austin from Iran, he performed in local theaters and continued his acting career with small roles in B-movies and guest roles in television series, such as Dallas, China Beach, Code of Vengeance, and Walker, Texas Ranger.

In the 1980s, Pileggi starred in several films, including Three O'Clock High, as Duke "The Duker" Herman, an overzealous tough-as-nails high school parking lot security guard. In 1988, he starred in "Brothers In Arms" as one of the villains (Caleb) and in Shocker as body-possessing serial killer Horace Pinker. The latter was directed by horror icon Wes Craven. Pileggi played the villain in the 1991 television film, Knight Rider 2000, a sequel to the original television series Knight Rider. He also appeared briefly in the 1992 film Basic Instinct as an investigating police officer in the interrogation scene of Michael Douglas. He also appeared in the 1995 vampire film Vampire in Brooklyn (also directed by Craven) starring Eddie Murphy as an Italian mobster.

His most notable role was as the FBI's Assistant Director Walter Skinner on The X-Files. The role was originally recurring, but the part expanded, and in 2001 he became a regular member of the cast. The character gradually became the most integral character besides the two leads. He remained with the series until its end in 2002. Pileggi played the character in the 1998 The X-Files film and in the 2008 film The X-Files: I Want to Believe. He also reprised the role in the 2016 miniseries.

Pileggi's later work has included starring in the short-lived series Tarzan and co-starring with Barbara Hershey and Oliver Hudson in the short-lived series The Mountain. He played the recurring role of character Colonel Steven Caldwell, Commander of the Earth Battlecruiser, Daedalus, in the second (2005) and subsequent seasons of the television series Stargate Atlantis. He also appeared in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and in 2006 had a regular guest role on Day Break as Robbery/Homicide Detective Spivak. Pileggi also appeared on the Cold Case episode "Offender", as a father accused of molesting and murdering his own son, who then threatens to murder one child sex offender per day until the case is reopened and solved. Pileggi also played the role of Larry Jennings, chairman of the board of the hospital, in Grey's Anatomy. In a first-season episode of That '70s Show he played Red Forman's swinger, navy buddy, Bull, alongside his real life wife, Arlene.

Pileggi appeared in two episodes of Law and Order: Special Victims Unit as DEA agent Jack Hammond. Since 2008, Pileggi has played Ernest Darby, the head of a white supremacist gang called the "Nordics", in the FX drama Sons of Anarchy. He also played spree killer Norman Hill (AKA The Road Warrior) on a season four episode of Criminal Minds, titled "Normal". Pileggi has also done some voice acting. His voice was featured as the githzerai Dak'kon in the video game Planescape: Torment. He voices Commissioner James Gordon on the Kids' WB series The Batman. Pileggi also hosted the controversial FOX specials Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed and Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?. He also played the recurring role of Sam and Dean Winchester's maternal grandfather, Samuel Campbell, in the TV series Supernatural.

Pileggi starred in the TNT drama series Dallas as Harris Ryland. He was promoted to series regular as of second season.

As of 2014, Pileggi is on the advisory board of Sci-Fest, the first annual Los Angeles Science Fiction One-Act Play Festival, held in May 2014.

Since 2021, Pileggi has played Bonham Walker, the father of the titular Cordell Walker, in The CW crime drama series Walker reboot.

title: Mitch Pileggi


text:
Marcia Cross

Marcia Cross (born March 25, 1962) is an American actress. She acted in daytime soap operas such as The Edge of Night, Another World, and One Life to Live before moving to primetime television with a recurring role on Knots Landing. From 1992 to 1997, she starred as Kimberly Shaw on Melrose Place. Cross played the role of the housewife Bree Van de Kamp on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives (2004–2012), for which she was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, and a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She had a recurring role as President Claire Haas on the ABC series Quantico.

Early life
Cross was born in Marlborough, Massachusetts, and she is of English and Irish descent. She is one of three daughters of Janet, a teacher, and Mark J Cross, a personnel manager. Cross was raised Catholic. She graduated from Marlborough High School in 1980 and received a half-scholarship to Juilliard. She completed college in 1984 earning a B.F.A. in Acting. Cross returned to school in 1997 receiving a master's degree in psychology from Antioch University Los Angeles in 2003.

Career
Cross began her television career in 1984 on the soap opera The Edge of Night, playing the recurring role of Liz Correll. Afterwards, she relocated from New York to Los Angeles, and soon landed roles in television movies such as The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James, co-starring with Johnny Cash and Kris Kristofferson. In 1986, she joined the cast of the daytime soap opera One Life to Live, where she played the role of Kate Sanders, until 1987. She followed this with guest-starring roles on primetime shows such as Who's the Boss?, Quantum Leap, Knots Landing and Cheers.

In 1992, Cross was cast as Dr. Kimberly Shaw in the primetime soap opera Melrose Place. She left in the fifth season. She also appeared on the episodes of sitcoms, such as Seinfeld, Boy Meets World, Ally McBeal, Spin City and The King of Queens. Her dramatic roles include appearances on CSI, Strong Medicine, Profiler and Touched by an Angel. Her film credits include Bad Influence (1990), Always Say Goodbye (1996), Just Peck (2009) and Bringing Up Bobby (2011). In 2003, Cross spent a season co-starring as Linda Abbott on the TV series Everwood.

In 2004, Cross starred in the role of Bree Van de Kamp in Desperate Housewives. The show was one of the breakout hits of the 2004–2005 television season, and Cross was nominated for several awards for her role, including an Emmy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and five Screen Actors Guild Awards (winning two with cast). She also received a Satellite Award for her performance in the show's second season. The series ran for eight seasons until 2012. In 2014, after two years on hiatus, Cross co-starred as the lead character's mother in the unsuccessful comedy pilot Fatrick. In 2015, Cross guest-starred in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and later she joined the cast of the thriller series Quantico, playing the recurring role of President Claire Haas, a former Democratic vice presidential nominee.

Personal life
As a child, Cross showed an early interest in performing. She took piano and dance lessons at the Ceil Sharon School of Dance, and was her high school's mascot at school games. Her first acting role was in grade school, in a play called The Witch of Blackbird Pond.

Relationships
Cross was the long-time companion of actor Richard Jordan, who was 25 years her senior; Jordan died from a brain tumor in 1993. In 2006, she married stockbroker Tom Mahoney. Cross underwent in vitro fertilization soon after their wedding, and gave birth to fraternal twin daughters in February 2007, shortly before her 45th birthday.

Activism
In September 2018, Cross revealed she had been in remission for eight months after receiving treatment for anal cancer. She explained months later that she had decided to "put a dent in the stigma" because she had discovered through online research that anal cancer patients were embarrassed about their diagnosis. "I found myself in a position where nobody wants this job. Nobody wants to come forward. And I knew that people were suffering and people were ashamed," she said at the 2019 The Atlantic's People v. Cancer event. She advocates for open discussions and further public information about the HPV infection, which can cause cancers of the anus, cervix, ovary, penis, and throat: "In spite of the optics, I care deeply about saving lives. To that end, the important thing to do is educate the public about HPV."

Cross expressed support for a ceasefire in the Israel–Hamas war, citing the Israeli bombings in the Gaza Strip, including on healthcare facilities. In an Instagram post, she stated: "I'm struggling to comprehend how to live among people with eyes that don't water, hearts that don't flinch, and voices that remain silent. There are no words for the horror that has and is being unleashed. And the silence has me believing I am deaf."

title: Marcia Cross


text:
HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)

HMCS Yukon was a Mackenzie-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and later the Canadian Forces. She was the first Canadian naval unit to carry the name. She was named for the Yukon River that runs from British Columbia through Yukon and into Alaska in the United States.

Entering service in 1963, she was primarily used as a training ship on the west coast. She was decommissioned in 1993 and sold for use as an artificial reef and sunk as such at Sunken Harbor off San Diego, California in 2000.

Design
The Mackenzie class was an offshoot of the St. Laurent-class destroyer design. Initially planned to be an improved version of the design, budget difficulties led to the Canadian government ordering a repeat of the previous Restigouche-class destroyer, with improved habitability and better pre-wetting, bridge and weatherdeck fittings to better deal with extreme cold. The original intention was to give the Mackenzie class variable depth sonar during construction, but would have led to delays of up to a year in construction time, which the navy could not accept.

General characteristics
The Mackenzie-class vessels measured 366 ft in length, with a beam of 42 ft and a draught of 13 ft. The Mackenzies displaced 2880 t fully loaded and had a complement of 290.

The class was powered by two Babcock & Wilcox boilers connected to the two-shaft English-Electric geared steam turbines creating 30,000 shp. This gave the ships a maximum speed of 28 kn.

Armament
The most noticeable change for the Mackenzies was the replacement of the forward 3 in/50 calibre Mk 22 guns of the St. Laurent design with a dual Vickers 3-inch/70 calibre Mk 6 gun mount and the presence of a fire-control director atop the bridge superstructure. The bridge was raised one full deck higher than on previous classes in order to see over the new gun mount. The class did retain the rear dual 3-inch/50 calibre gun mount and for anti-submarine warfare, the class was provided with two Mk 10 Limbo mortars. The ships were initially fitted with Mark 43 torpedoes to supplement their anti-submarine capability, but were quickly upgraded to the Mark 44 launched from a modified depth charge thrower. This was to give the destroyers the ability to combat submarines from a distance.

Sensors
The Mackenzie class were equipped with one SPS-12 air search radar, one SPS-10B surface search radar and one Sperry Mk.2 navigation radar. For detection below the surface, the ships had one SQS-501 high frequency bottom profiler sonar, one SQS-503 hull mounted active search sonar, one SQS-502 high frequency mortar control sonar and one SQS-11 hull mounted active search sonar.

DELEX refit
The DEstroyer Life EXtension (DELEX) refit was born out of the need to extend the life of the steam-powered destroyer escorts of the Canadian Navy in the 1980s until the next generation of surface ship was built. Encompassing all the classes based on the initial St. Laurent (the remaining St. Laurent, Restigouche, Mackenzie, and Annapolis-class destroyer vessels), the DELEX upgrades were meant to improve their ability to combat modern Soviet submarines, and to allow them to continue to operate as part of NATO task forces.

The DELEX refit for the Mackenzie class was the same for the Improved Restigouche-class vessels. This meant that the ships would receive the new tactical data system ADLIPS, new radars, new fire control and satellite navigation. They exchanged the SQS-503 sonar for the newer SQS-505 model.

They also received a triple mount for 12.75 in torpedo tubes that would use the new Mk 46 homing torpedo. The Mark 46 torpedo had a range of 12000 yd at over 40 kn with a high-explosive warhead weighing 96.8 lb.

Construction and career
Yukon was ordered in 1957 and laid down on 25 October 1959 at Burrard Dry Dock Ltd., North Vancouver. She was launched on 27 July 1961 and commissioned into the RCN on 25 May 1963 with the classification number DDE 263.

Though built on the west coast, Yukon immediately transferred to the east coast, sailing for Halifax, Nova Scotia on 27 July. She remained on the east coast for a year, where as part of the First Canadian Escort Squadron, Yukon escorted Queen Elizabeth II aboard HMY Britannia on visits to several Canadian port cities. She returned to the Pacific in 1965. She was largely used as a training ship following her transfer by the RCN and later in the CF under Maritime Forces Pacific.

In 1970, Yukon sailed with sister ship HMCS Mackenzie (DDE 261) and the auxiliary vessel HMCS Provider (AOR 508) on a training deployment throughout the Pacific, working with several navies and visiting Japan. In February 1975 underwent a mid-life refit. Upon completion, the ship joined Training Group Pacific. On 17 January 1983, Yukon collided with the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), with Yukon reporting slight damage to her mast. She underwent the DELEX refit at the Burrard Yarrow shipyard at Esquimalt, British Columbia from 28 May 1984 to 16 January 1985. In 1986, Yukon was one of three Canadian vessels that took part in the Royal Australian Navy's 75th anniversary celebrations. She was decommissioned from Maritime Command on 3 December 1993.

As an artificial reef
The ship was initially purchased by the Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia anchored on the New Westminster docks for almost a year before it was bought for $250,000. Yukon's hulk was purchased by the San Diego Oceans Foundation which towed her from CFB Esquimalt to San Diego, California in 2000. She was gutted and cleaned before being scuttled in 100 ft of water in the Pacific Ocean at Sunken Harbor off Mission Bay in San Diego as an artificial reef on 15 July 2000. However the day before she was to be scuttled, she flooded in rough weather and sank at the site on 14 July. The explosive charges intended to sink her were still intact on board, and United States Navy SEALs were sent in to remove the charges. The wreck was off limits for weeks while this was being done.

The ship ended up lying on her port side, with her masthead lying 60 ft below the water instead of the planned 30 ft. This made recreational diving on the wreck much more difficult. By December 2012, five people had died while diving on Yukon's wreck.

The ship's bell of Yukon is currently located in the Yukon Legislative Building.

title: HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)


text:
Category:Aragonese monarchs

 * Monarchs of the Kingdom of Aragon — kings and queens in the historical Aragon region of Spain.

tr:Kategori:Aragon kralları

title: Category:Aragonese monarchs


text:
Talk:Crows Nest, New South Wales

Untitled
I cannot believe that CN was named AFTER the pub. Surely after the CN estate. Thortful 06:20, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Some of these geo pages are listing important businesses in the area (Winning Appliances, for example). Do you think they some should be added here? 125.255.85.74 (talk) 23:31, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

 * That article is a poor one, and I don't think adding similar businesses to this article will enhance it. --Inas66 (talk) 04:35, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20091005235236/http://www.northsydney.nsw.gov.au/resources/documents/HW_LandGrant_Subdivision.pdf to http://www.northsydney.nsw.gov.au/resources/documents/HW_LandGrant_Subdivision.pdf

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150827020105/http://www.greekorthodox.org.au/general/aboutus/parishdirectory?parish_id=14 to http://www.greekorthodox.org.au/general/aboutus/parishdirectory?parish_id=14

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title: Talk:Crows Nest, New South Wales


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iggy Kin

The result of the debate was delete [added by Andre🚐 22:41, 15 August 2022 (UTC) for afdstats]

Iggy Kin
Famous with one person for thinking about tablet PCs. Wyllium 06:23, 2004 Oct 18 (UTC)
 * you forgot the . Added. Delete, blogvertising; what Mr. Kin thinks about tablet PCs is irrelevant. --Ianb 07:11, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * While not a speedy candidate, this is clearly delete-worthy. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 07:16, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Just a regular vanity article. Geogre 13:01, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yet another vanity article. Nadavspi 18:49, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This sort of thing ought to be speedily deleted. Delete. Andre ( talk )A| 14:10, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Hep is another word for hip.". Oh please. Mindless Vanity. rernst 14:36, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I hope, when I'm older, I never need a hep replacement. ("It's cool to be hip, but it's not hip to be cool") :-) Geogre 19:09, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:North Macedonia/Archive 5

Old complaints
FYROM,the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, is fabrik for folgery Greek history,Greek culture,Greek geography and Greek symbols Macedonians!See Greek Macedonian symbol "Vergina Sun",Philip II king of Macedon and Alexander the Great king of Macedon !!! Vergina 00:16, 5 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * So? Your point? What do you suggest we do about it? --Jiang 00:17, 5 Oct 2003 (UTC)

jiang: "Northern Cyprus" IS NOT STATE!! Vergina 07:18, 20 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * And China uses the FYROM label. See Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. --Jiang

Hi! There is something of a provocation in your article: the history of GREEK Macedonia is mentioned under your article for FYROM while the article for the greek Macedonia has no "history" under it. --83.112.105.88

 * Please feel free to write it, then. --Shallot

I would also like to mention that Northern Cyprus is indeed no state.

I think that is very common nowadays for anyone to support and advertise opinions that have not previously checked. For the real Macedonian (Dorian - Δωριείς) history please read (Ploutarxos, Pindaros , Stravo (Latin) , Hrodotos , Thoukidides). They all have documented the truth at least 3000 years ago. Yes we Greeks have been around here for that much to know.(Nlakaf 13/04/2004)

 * Comment (I have no position on the Macedonian question): careful with facts! "3000 years" is generous.... The oldest author on the list, Herodotus, wrote about 2600 years ago. Plutarch for example wrote 1800 or so years ago. Strabo, by the way (1900 years ago) wrote in Greek, not Latin, and, despite his name, was Greek. It's also very hard to tell what any of these writers said that would bear on the modern situation. — Bill 11:01, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It is generous. It may based on the theory of the "descent of the Dorians", which aims to provide an explanation for a series of facts in prehistoric Greece. On the other hand, it may be a very gross approximation to the millenium... Etz Haim 11:21, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Change to disambiguation
The decision to change this page into a disambiguation was made with no prior discussion. I will revert the move if there are no good reasons provided here. Just look at how many page link here... --Jiang 07:01, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The name does have a lot of meanings. I don't see what harm is done by having such a menu for those who search for Macedonia. Adam 07:15, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Ditto. Thanks Adam :) --Cantus 07:18, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I don't see what's wrong with having the content here at Macedonia (disambiguation) and have Macedonia be a general overview related to the country and clarifying the controversy, as is done at Macedonia (region). --Jiang 07:49, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Macedonia is such a general word and as Adam said has so many different meanings that having it go directly to the historical region known as Macedonia first is not very convenient to many people. --Cantus 08:15, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I think it should be reverted, too, we've had a pretty good setup before and the vandalism was curbed to an extent, too. Don't mess with something that works... --Shallot 13:26, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately for you, this is Wikipedia and everybody can click the Edit button. --Cantus 14:35, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Macedonia almost never refers to the town in New York or locality in Brazil. It almost always refers to the place in Europe. the region article discussion what Macedonia means in Europe. --Jiang 20:22, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've reverted the move. Please do not move pages without first gaining consensus. There are no da pages under the main title at China or Ireland. I don't see how this is any different. I've bolded subjects that are sometimes referred to as "Macedonia". --Jiang 21:15, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * You didn't gain consensus either. --Cantus 10:20, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Consensus is needed to change. I just changed back. --Jiang 23:14, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

More complaints about FYROM
The falsification of the name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" is Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Falsifier is the Macedonijiang --Vergina 10:34, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * ?? Mind rephrasing that? --Cantus 13:40, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC) Oh, I see you're not fluent in English. You seem to be here only to defend the Greek position on Macedonia. I suggest working on the Greek Wikipedia if you haven't already. Cheers. --Cantus 13:49, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Please Vergina do not put in the article such siliness as "capital of Greek Macedonia". Also the "The HUGE equestrian statue" is childish. Please be moderate. I'll try to correct some other silliness in there. I'll also check this article regularly. And yes i'm greek. Geia sou kai mhn mas rezileueis.

I'm afraid anyone working on Macedonia related articles has to get used to User:Vergina and his stupid behaviour, which serves only to discredit the Greek cause, as I have tried to explain to him several times. Adam 02:20, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Adam why did you revert the changes i did? (deleting "capital of Greek Macedonia" and "The huge equestrian statue" and trying to smooth somewhat a paragraph with nationalistic overtones). At first i thought that Vergina did it. But looking at the history of the page i found out that you did. Is there any other problem with the changes i made?

I reverted the changes because they deleted statements which are both true and relevant. Thessaloniki is the capital of Greek Macedonia (look at a map). The statue is huge (go there and see). The demonstrations in Athens and Thessaloniki were huge (most of the adult population of Thessaloniki took part). To say that "most" Greeks opposed the use of the name Macedonia by the Skopje government is in fact an understatement - virtually all Greeks opposed it. There is nothing nationalistic about stating these facts. To delete them is to falsify the historical record. Adam 10:00, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * -Thessaloniki is the capital of Greek Macedonia- This sounds like there is a Greek Macedonia country. -The status is huge- I have seen it. I have lived there for 10 years. It is huge by comparison to what? It ain't the statue of liberty. Why refer to its size? Does being huge makes it any better? Is it something interesting?. I didn't delete the fact that "most Greeks opposed it". I deleted the fact about the protest because it seemed redundant. In a encyclopedia i think you have to keep the information terse. So redundant information has to go. I good rule of thumb is that if you would like to add something new to an article but you had size constraints what would be the first thing to go? This fact seemed like a good candidate.

Good job, ChrisO! VMORO

Wrong percentage 40%
Quotation:"the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, with around 40%; and Bulgaria, with less than a tenth, in Blagoevgrad province." Therefore the per cent of 40%,are wrong because contain Kosovo area as Macedonia.
 * In the year 1911, according to Statiskik, Skopje(see Uskup) did not hear Macedonia,separates was the capital of Kosovo.
 * Justin McCarthy and J.Dennis Hyde "Ottoman Imperial and Provincial Salnames"
 * Kosova Vilayeti (The State of Kosova) in 1911
 * Yenipazar(Novi Pazar): Muslim-98; Bulgarian-68
 * Taslica(?): Muslim-39; Greek-32
 * Ipek(Pec): Muslim-96; Greek-28; Catholic-5
 * Uskup(Skopje): Muslim-215; Greek-13; Bulgarian-272; Jewish-2; Gypsy-1
 * Pristine(Pristina): Muslim-240; Bulgarian-128; Catholic-6
 * Prizrin(Prizren): Muslim-271; Greek-19; Bulgarian-64; Catholic-4

Consider,that this map is reconstructed in the year 1992: --Vergina 06:07, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * This is rather unintelligible, but it seems to me that you're quoting population stats, whereas the article primarily refers to territory...? --Joy [shallot]

About Skopie (Uskub)
I think you are confusing the geographical area of Macedonia with the political division of the Ottoman Empire. Macedonia in Ottoman parts comprised parts of the Salonica, Bitola (Monastir) and Uskub Vilayets. Other parts of these were, however, regarded as belonging to Albania, Kosovo and even Thessaly.

VMORO

For God sake Vergina the possibility to persuade Joy (his nationality; croatian (ex republic of Yugoslavia-homecountry of Yugoslavian Dictator Tito), is the same as a Turk to persuade you that you are not Greek, and that you are Turk.--Themata 02:31, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

the truth people, the truth...
why is it so hard for the invaders to admit they have invaded? Macedonia has been greek for thousands of years, and many others have invaded, and some have stayed

why do you all want to be "macedonians?" why can't you just live with the truth and be the invaders of macedonia?

it's like the Chinese calling themselves Tibetans or the Turks calling themselves Cypriots or the English calling themselves Welsh...

philaleth

The real truth, not your truth, Philateth
The bulk of the population of Macedonia has been Slavic from the 6th century until 1922 when the colonists from Asia Minor came. Hellenism in Macedonia prevailed from ca. 4 century BC until 6 century AC. Macedonia has been Slavic for much longer than it has been Hellenic (and it has never been Greek before the Balkan Wars), don't even attempt to talk to me about truth. VMORO

the truth shall prevail vmoro - not your truth
If we were to consider the invaders to be true natives then Israel would have no right to exist and the Chinese can claim that Thibet is Chinese and the Turks can claim that the northern part of Cyprus is Turkish - But just as in all of those cases, history and the international community is not at your disposal. This is Wikipedia. You will abide by the truth.

The return of the Greeks to the Albanian mountains or about the origin of peoples
Philaleth, you are very brave talking about *invaders*. May be I should remind you that the Greeks themselves came from the Albanian mountains. And I'll kindly invite you to return there where you actually belong. As for your *neutrality* claims: Everyone in Wikipedia can see what kind of edits you make (jingoistic ones), you are the last one who can talk about neutrality here - either to me or to anyone else. As I can clearly see what reaction your edits cause in all other non-Greek users.

by contrast: I have a life and a history (and not too much time to bother with your propaganda machine vmoro)
The Slavic hoardes didn't start their various excursions (from the Pripet marshes) to the north of Greece (including Macedonia and Thrace) until 600-700 AD. That is thousands of years after the Greek civilization (which enables you today to use scientific argument, or in your case demagoguery, instead of superstition and lore) flourished in Greece. The earliest signs of the Greek civilization in Greece are from 15,000 BC and more evidence is being unearthed that proves much earlier habitation of Greeks in Greece. I feel truly sorry for those who have to "hijack" Greek history in order to lend themselves some sense of identity, and I am certain that they will self-destruct eventually, like all those who tried to invade Greece did over the millenia. Yes, vmoro, I am Greek, but I defend the truth from those who would warp it, not only for the sake of the Greeks but for the sake of the TRUTH itself. This is the force that created civilization, and it is this that maintains it, against the waves of sycophants, propagandists and delusionals. PS: do not flatter yourself, you do not speak for non-Greeks, but only for some of the disenfranchised remnants of Tito's grandiose propaganda machine. I have seen your contributions and they are cleary veiled attempts at "manufacturing" a history for that group of people. As my real life permits, I will continue to remove the propaganda slant from the Macedonia article. Philaleth

 * Wrong conclusions, Watson
 * As I said before: southern (and ONLY southern) Macedonia was Hellenic btn 4 cent. DC and 6 AD. Between 6 cent AD and 20 cent Macedonia was Slavic and Bulgarian. As I am not Macedonian but Bulgarian. And you have wasted half an hour of your time to write about smth that doesn't concern me at all. Enjoy. VMORO

 * Allright, it's back to Pripet for you :-o
 * By definition Macedonia was a part of Greece (Hellenes) and no one else. At some point it was invaded. Since then the Hellenes have made every effort to maintain it. I may be missing something here but who exactly was it that was in Macedonia, other than the Hellenes and their slaves, between 4-6AD? Or are you just making up some fictitious designation of ancient Macedonia so as to include non-Hellenes in it? And what if there have been a myriad of invaders of every brand ("barbarians" to the Hellenes) since then? Is it now the International Standard Of Possession that if you are invaded you cease to exist? Or that your land is the invader's birthright? Are you prepared to tell the Israelis to pick up and get out of the Palestine region by the same token? Don't waste my time with fiction... I'm not buying. This article will be changed appropriately, and if you are interested in the truth you should be eager to do that.

Albanians in the 1991 RoM referendum

 * In 1991, Yugoslav Macedonia held a referendum on independence which produced an overwhelming majority in favour, although it was boycotted by the Macedonian Albanians. [...] The Macedonian Albanians were unhappy about an erosion of their national rights in the face of a more assertive Macedonian Slav nationalism.

Was the latter the reason why they didn't participate in the referendum, or was there some other circumstance involved that isn't mentioned? It would probably be good to join these sentences to avoid having to skip around the text a lot to get to the rationale. --Joy [shallot]   14:58, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

White Tower of Thessaloniki
The article White Tower of Thessaloniki mentions some Macedonian Slav nationalist agitation regarding that in the 1990s, but also that it wasn't in official correspondence. This could probably be mentioned in the "Controversy: Macedonia and Greece" section... --Joy [shallot]   15:04, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Apologies
My revert changed VMORO's "conservative" to "Slavic", something that I do not endorse and I wouldn't put it anyway, unless by mistake. I feel that Adam Carr has been unfair on me in his edit summary. A look on the page history diff reveals what I intented to restore.

I'd also want to declare that my Greek origin does not predispose me into being an advocate of a certain "Greek vs Slavs" agenda. Etz Haim 00:09, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

If I understand Etz Haim correctly as saying that it was not him who sought to change "conservative" to "Slavic" then I apologise. That's how it looked on the edit history. Adam 01:25, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Guys, I'd be glad if you didn't put your judgement against me or the Greeks in your edit summaries, because this doesn't give the opportunity to properly respond. When it comes to the "overly descriptive sentence that VMORO didn't like", I was unable to identify it as Greek nationalist, much less as "Greek" in general. If you think this sentence may be misinterpreted and stir confusion, or even anger, I respect this and do not object to its removal. However, I'd discourage you from passing such stereotypical judgement on anyone, especially inside edit summaries. Etz Haim 11:36, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I initially simply fixed that whole anonymous insertion. VMORO later removed that part that I left in, but I suspect only because it talked about invasions, because the initial part about Macedon is factual. Then it was restored after another round of reversion, but I suspected that it would be cause for further disagreement and I ditched the vaguely emotional stuff and left only the factual stuff.
 * When an anonymous editor makes a series of changes that show an agenda, then please don't be surprised when I diss them because of that. They have no less right to do something that I do, and at least I have the common decency to explain why I think that something should be changed and not just go and do that without rationale. --Joy [shallot]   14:58, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Macedonian Slav minority numbers
I would make a remark with regard to the so called *Slavic estimates*, as the other sentence was not only non-NPOV but also extremely idiosyncratic (leaning towards moronic). Greek Helsinki watch quotes ca. 200,000-240,000 Macedonian speakers in Greece, you can see that yourselves at:
 * http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/english/media/sum-oct97-mar98.html

and
 * http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/articles/the_macedonians.doc

I don't believe in this number myself (neither am I a fan of the Macedonian ideology) but if that "conservative" (as compared to 240,000 10,000 is VERY conservative) gets again changed to "Slavic", I'll make sure that the approximations of Helsinki Watch get into the body of the article and stay there. VMORO

 * Well, I may say that I'm sceptical about the contemporary numbers too. Not because I want to underestimate or overestimate the Macedonian Slav population in Greece, but because it's difficult to produce valuable demographic data for a non-recognized minority. It would be best if Greece eventually agreed to recognize it and include them in the next census.

 * I think that the 10% of the Slavs in 1913 in Nikolaidis' research is worth mentioning, though. Where's the mention of the 240,000 you are talking about? I did a quick search and I could not find that in the references you provided.

 * And I also disagree that there's a "Macedonian ideology" or a "Greek ideology" contradicting each other. One's position on the Macedonian debate is a political issue and has little to do with one's origin. It would be an insult to the Macedonians to call your quote:

 * "The bulk of the population of Macedonia has been Slavic from the 6th century until 1922 when the colonists from Asia Minor came."

 * part of any "Macedonian ideology". Etz Haim 13:06, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The above would apply respectively for a "Bulgarian ideology" too. Etz Haim 13:17, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It is an insult to me if someone says that "Macedonia has always been Greek but later there were barbaric tribes that came and laid various claims to it". Insults lead to insults. As for the Greek colonists from Asia Minor and Thrace - that's something you can find in any history book. I know myself quite many Greeks from Thessaloniki and NONE of them has an ancestry in Macedonia. As regards numbers, you should read more carefully. The first text gives an approximation of ca. 2% Slavs in Greece (ca. 200,000-250,000), the second one quotes numbers between 100,000 and 250,000. VMORO

 * Philaleth "Macedonia has always been Greek but later there were barbaric tribes that came and laid various claims to it" is a statement of fact as there were none but Greeks in Macedonia and there was no Macedonia outside Greece until 700 AD. Then various slavic tribes started venturing into Macedonia and the rest of northern Greece. That is a minimum of 3000 years of recorded Greek civilization and if we take into account recent finds it goes as far back as 7,000 years ago. Following those (recent by comparison) invasions, the Greeks have tried as best they could to maintain their sovereignty and their lands, including Macedonia. This is not an insult. It is a plain truth. If to you it is insulting to state the truth then it means you resent the truth. Only one explanation for that: you have some hidden agenda against the truth. I am not a person who insults others. But I refuse in this case to stand by while propagandists with agendas hijack the truth. If you are one of those then I have no intention of being nice to you. I am not interested in how I am perceived by extremists but rather in uncovering the truth. Philaleth 22:25, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Huh, who said that? If anyone can interpret the trimmed clause as such a grave insult to Slavs, then I'm definetely for its removal. The estimates you are talking about are not HRW's own; HRW is quoting others such as an "anonymous scholar", who had themselves difficulties in conducting their research. FYI, I am a Greek living in Thessaloniki, 50% Macedonian and 50% "colonist" in origin. I'm sure that my great-granfathers who fled from the Asia Minor Catastrophe had nothing better to do and one day they just decided to "colonize" Macedonia just to augment the percentage of Greeks there. Etz Haim 13:48, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * It is not my problem if you regard *Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year 1987" or "The Financial Times" as some "anonymous scholar" - I don't and most people won't, either. What you forget is that the question is not about those numbers but about the qualification "conservative", which your compatriot kindly decided to switch with the nonsense "Slavic" while talking in a completely racist fashion as to how Greece had the pre-emptive right to Macedonia and how people who lived there for 13 centuries were "invaders". That's what I am talking about. Yes, and I am sorry, you are certainly right - my grandparents were lawfully driven out of Kukush by the Greek army in 1913 along with more than 150,000 other Bulgarians so that your grandparents could settle in their lands. VMORO

 * Philaleth 03:01, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) Curtail the demagoguery VMRO (let me guess: son of IMRO? I know what they're trying to do wrt the north of Greece), and face it: Invading part of Macedonia doesn't make anyone Macedonian, any more than invading Iraq makes Americans into Iraquis. Those people will have to admit they all hail from Pripet and that's that. If you want to be Macedonian you have to apply for Greek citizenship. None of your "statistics" have any verifiable source (especially the British and very Occidentalist FT and EB), other than some people quoting each other and "most people" may not give a damn... but it's not that hard to verify this. As for the real number of Slavic-origin-people-who-speak-the-language-manufactured-out-of-Bulgarian-by-Tito-for-the-sake-of-producing-a-Yugoslav-Macedonian-Republic well, the only estimates that we have are Slavic estimates and those that were derived from Slavic estimates. Because(as you have so proudly announced) the Greeks haven't made any. What you skillfully ommitted to mention is the reason: because when they tried to take census, the slavic minorities refused to participate on the grounds that they consider themselves Greek and don't want to be counted otherwise! Let me repeat: those people whom you are trying to count as Slavic do not want to be counted as such, they'd rather be just Greek!! Hope this isn't too inconvenient a fact for you. Therefore, if you give a damn about the truth you will change it to Slavic estimates - either that, or I will (PS: facts regarding this here).

 * I sympathize with your grandparents' misfortune of being relocated against their will, probably because some of my family had had a similar misfortune during the Asia Minor Catastrophe. Those of my relatives (from my father's side) that were provided with some land to cultivate (some other weren't) took it from Turks, who had respectively emigrated during the population exchange. I sympathize with them as well, despite the history Greece has had with Turkey.

 * Anyway, I think that the "slavic" vs "conservative" estimate issue has been resolved during your absense. If anyone decides to change it back that won't be me. I also detest being held responsible for actions of my "compatriots"; in a similar manner, you could be held responsible for many things other Bulgarians did that you may not approve. Etz Haim 14:27, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Philaleth, no people and no country has any "pre-emptive" right to any territory. Nor any territory can be reserved for one nation/people. If you look at the history of Europe and the world, every single people came at some point from somewhere. The Indo-Europeans themselves (including the Greeks) came millenia ago from Asia. Following your line of thought all Europeans are also "invaders". I wouldn't go as far as VMORO to accuse you of racism (that's a very strong word to be used just like that) but if you continue making postings in the same spirit, it won't be only VMORO who'll do that. As for the ancient Macedonians - they were certainly not Greeks, though most certainly they were almost completely Hellenised by 4 c. AD. Birkemaal

 * NikosP Bulgarians and Greeks should not quarrel!!! They have a common enemy - the thiefs of history from FYROM!!! Bulgarian and Greeks should fight togethern against the FYROMians!!! And FYROM should neber be allowed into the EU if it keeps making claims to Greek history!!!

 * Synonomate, I agree with you that Greeks and Bulgarians shouldn't quarrel, but why not extend this friendly policy to the Macedonian Slavs as well? Anyway, "common enemies" are not in the subject of this discussion. Here, we (well, some of us...) are trying to overcome "traditional hostility" and prejudice to produce a valid encyclopedia article. All comments should be relevant to the article itself and not outside its scope. Etz Haim 12:22, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Philaleth 00:34, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) : Sadly, Birkemaal, you are grossly misinformed. Macedonians were Greek, as much as Spartans and Athenians and Myceneans and Minoans... Why are you all talking about rights to territories? Did I ever mention anything regarding anyone ceding territories?. No. You did. Rather the VMRO agent did. You see that's all they have in their mind. To occupy territory. There is no dishonor in admitting that they hail from Pripet and descended to Greece. But they'd rather make the Spartans to be non-Greeks and pretend that Greeks are Albanians so that they can feel better... You people are sick in the head. See your shrinks. Maybe then you'll remove all this revisionist swill from this article... Sorry fellow-Greeks, call me extremist if you will, but this crap cannot stand like this, unchallenged. If it stays, this thing is no better than Hitler's version of the Encyclopedia...

I don't have any more time for this garbage, go ahead and "play nice" but don't pretend that this has any semblance to the truth.

Non-NPOV distribution map removed
I removed the map from a 1923 source of "distribution of races in balcans" for the following reasons:
 * 1) it was not from a credible source
 * The map IS from a reliable source : Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd. If you don\t agree with it, I can easily put another one - by Lejean, by Boue, by Kiepert, by Sax, by Meinhard, by Weigand - even by Cviic, although his maps are widely disproved nowadays. They will all show the same. VMORO

 * 1) it was too broad in its scope vis a vis its relevance to Macedonia
 * That's a very lame excuse VMORO

After the Holocaust of Asia Minor in 1922 the populations of Macedonia were signifacantly impacted and then again during and after WWII This map reflected none of those realities. As a result this map served only to confuse the reader into erroneous and unreasonable conclusions. It did not serve any legitimate purpose whatsoever.
 * 1) it did not provide a multilaterally agreed upon time-sequence view of ethnic movements into Macedonia, starting from the start
 * 2) it did not provide a multilaterally agreed upon accounting of such distributions as they are today or even remotely recently
 * 1923 is recent enough. The map certainly doesn't reflect the situation nowadays but the title under the map clearly says that it regards 1923. Only a reader who cannot read will be confused. Sure it can be placed in the History section, that was where it was placed initially (I think). VMORO

(I apologize for the botched edit comment in the history - I hit something on the keyboard and the thing saved before I was able to finish writing, and I have no knowledge of how to undo that...) Philaleth 03:35, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The map is actually quite good, Philaleth. You will find practically no map by an independent (meaning non-Greek cartographer), which portrays Macedonia as predominantly Greek before 1923 and that can be checked easily in Maps and Politics. Review of the ethnographic cartography of Macedonia by Wilkinson. All cartographers show Macedonia as predominantly Slavic. A note should certainly be added to the effect that the map represents the ethnnographical situation before the Greek-Turkish population transfer. JayO

 * Philaleth 18:57, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC) I do not seek to find a map that shows Macedonia predominantly anything. I seek to prevent the abuse of the ignorant reader of the article. Specifically, an American child that will read about this, that will see solely one map, the one as of 1923, will acquire no understanding either of the fluidity of the migrations of peoples in that area or of the complete history of the region and more eggregiously: the child will be misled into believing that (since no alternative map is being presented and no note is made) the area's populations stand to this date at the same distribution levels as the map shows. The fact alone that I have to point out to you this blatantly obvious propaganda problem signifies that neither you nor anyone else here is performing the due diligence necessary to maintain a source of information as a valid one. So either tell me that Wikipedia is supposed to be the collective trash that propagandists care to propagate or remedy the situation - or at least don't get in my way when I try to! And that applies to everyone in here. The VMRO agent is just doing his job, he probably gets paid for it. But what's the excuse of the rest of you? I have lost all respect for you.

Who's Greek (or Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian Slav) and who's not
Many of the edits in this article assume that a people's national consience and self-determination are something permanently fixed, invarible throughout history. Some nationalists (of any origin) may even argue that it's coded in the DNA. That's a nationalistic point of view and the wrong way of regarding history, especially in the Balkans. Unfortunately, this has contaminated the thoughts of many people on both sides of this argument, including those who have recently edited this article to adapt it into their prejudice. I don't subscribe any such point of view. Etz Haim 14:50, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. One source on the history of Macedonia that I was reading this morning commented that the ancient Macedonians' identity (i.e. as Greeks or "barbarians") was a "social construct" which evolved over time. This is something which you could say about virtually any national identity - it's only relatively recently that we seem to have adopted the idea that national identities are and always have been fixed things. -- ChrisO 16:24, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the appologies about my grandparents, I also appologise if I have been rude to you yesterday. The section below is dedicated only to Philaleth. VMORO

 * FWIW, I also agree. We need to realize that different times brought about different nations and that national concepts evolved, often contrary to how someone would like. Everything has a context and even if we can't ever hope to satisfy every point of view in a single text, we can and should do our best in presenting all the relevant contexts involved. The only bias that can't be avoided is the one involved in the selection and ordering of contexts per relevance, but this is workable. --Joy [shallot]   19:21, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Philaleth 18:58, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC) you people can agree all you want; your consensus does not magically make your ramblings or revisionist spin true. what source is that you were reading ChrisO? are you sure they were not commissioned by Tito or the VMRO? and whereas the concept of national identity could not possibly have existed for the barbarians from Pripet, the Greeks called themselves "Hellenes" and used the word "barbarians" to describe non-Hellenes of various sorts. They also used the term to belittle one another when they got into a squabble or internal conflict. Spin away revisionists. There is no way that you can sell this propaganda. you keep descending to deeper and deeper levels of obscenity with it: now the Hellenes, who wrote history and conceptualized society as you know it today, and who spoke of the Macedonians like they did of every other one of the Hellenic city states, now you re-interpret the Hellenic historians of antiquity and try to propagate Tito's and VMRO's propaganda! It's reminiscent of book-thumping extremists of all sorts that will take any phrase, word or paragraph out of context and twist it and mangle it to make it serve their purpose... We need some sober adult supervision here. Some historians with real skills and knowledge and with no VMRO/FYROM agenda to straighten out this mess. This article has to be reviewed by someone serious.

Greek racism

 * I don't intend to waste my time arguing with you about non-sequitur, Philaleth. Your position can be qualified only as FASCISM and RACISM. According to your ideology all WHITE AMERICANS MUST leave the United States, all ENGLISHMEN MUST leave ENGLAND and all GREEKS MUST GO TO THE ALBANIAN MOUNTAINS WHERE THEY CAME FROM ca. 1000 BC. This is racist, absurd and sickening. It only shows how uncivilised and ASIAN modern Greece is and Greeks, respectively, are.

 * I have seen your attempts to erase everything that proves that the ancient Macedonians WERE NOT Greeks. Philaleth, this is the opinion of pretty much anyone else EXCEPT the Greeks themselves. This is not a Greek website but an international one and you should comply with its NPOV POLICY.

 * Writing 10 lines about History in the section about Geography when everything is described in the History secion ONLY to further your thesis that Macedonia is Greek is a bit silly.

 * The map IS from a credible source and SHOWS the ACCURATE population distribution of Macedonia from ca. 6th cent. until 1923. VMORO

 * Why, oh why, did I waste my time writing the above? Etz Haim 15:24, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you wanna say something, Etz Haim, you should sign it. Not slip it as if it were the tooth fairie. VMORO
 * I suggest that you may take a look at the page history. I'm turning your section into an h2 to avoid any further misinterpretation. Etz Haim AKA the tooth fairy, 15:33, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

...sad lot....
we have some covert VMRO agent writing history for Greece {and proclaiming Greeks to be Albanians now!), and calling me names! LISTEN HERE YOU FREAK! I DON'T GIVE A SH... WHAT YOU WRITE HERE, IT DOESN'T CHANGE YOUR ORIGINS FROM THE SWAMPS AND MINE FROM THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZED THOUGHT. the sad factor here is that those of us who have real lives can't waste our time dealing with propagandists like you (are you getting paid for this?) so go ahead and write what you will. it's obvious that this is some freakshow project and not a serious attempt at creting a credible source. otherwise this effort would include fact-checking roles for someone and methods for producing "historical facts" that are not revising the history of civilization as of 79 years ago! (YES I AM addressing you "administrators") I leave this quagmire to its fate (much like FYROM): to self-destruct. (thankfully, I have a large number of friends from Croatia, Serbia, Albania and Russia and therefore have affirmation that there are MANY trully intelligent, enlightened and aware people in those parts of the world, and you VMRO THUG are not by any means representative of that intellect...)

Philaleth 18:22, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC) the only good thing about it all this that the VMRO agent, no matter how much they pay him and all their spin-doctors, will not be able to "create" a history for the disparate peoples of FYROM by maligning and revising Greek history. you people are trying so hard to make up a history that it shows! look at the garbage you have written! it's laughable! to take phrases or words like "our language" out of context from the mouth of Alexander, and try to make up stories about a different language! you are really a pathetic lot...

title: Talk:North Macedonia/Archive 5


text:
Talk:Indentured servitude

Etymology
It would be great if the article could explain the origin of the word "indenture" and how it changed its meaning from "toothed". Thank you. Maikel (talk) 08:11, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi Maikel - It's due to the toothed edge where an indenture is torn into two (one piece for each party) - It's noted in the linked page Indenture - Gilgamesh4 (talk) 16:36, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Indentured servitude in the United Kingdom (and maybe more widely in Europe?)
I'm drafting a section on indentured farm labour in the UK, but I wonder if there was also indentured servitude elsewhere in Europe? Any inputs would be appreciated, either on the UK section or on Europe more widely - Thanks -

Gilgamesh4 (talk) 16:28, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Legal status
In the U.S... the 13th Amendment carves out a special provision for slavery and involuntary servitude. Rklawton (talk) 03:48, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

Section 1
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. I'm also not sure how this fits with mandatory military service (the draft), which is still legal in the U.S. though not implemented beyond registering men on their 18th birthday. Rklawton (talk) 03:47, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Irish Migration in Latin America
— Assignment last updated by Isa.katheryn (talk) 02:03, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indentured servitude


text:
Nicholas Lea

Nicholas Lea (born Nicholas Christopher Herbert; June 22, 1962) is a Canadian actor known for his portrayal of Alex Krycek on The X-Files and of Tom Foss on Kyle XY.

Life and career
Lea was born in New Westminster, British Columbia. He attended Prince of Wales Secondary School where he graduated in 1980.

Lea's first major role was on the TV series The Commish where he played Officer Enrico Caruso from 1991 to 1994. It was during this time that he had a minor guest role in a first-season episode of The X-Files called "Gender Bender". The producers were impressed by his performance and when, in the second season, he auditioned for the role of turncoat FBI agent Alex Krycek, he was successful.

Lea guest starred in eleven episodes from 1994 to 1996 and became a popular character amongst fans. Because of his character's willingness to switch sides, he was known as the 'ratboy'. In the season three episode "Apocrypha," Krycek was left to die in an abandoned missile silo with an alien ship. This allowed Lea to take a starring role in the series Once a Thief—which followed on from the 1996 John Woo film—alongside Ivan Sergei. The series was cancelled after one season. Lea continued to play Krycek, who became a nemesis not just of Mulder and Scully but particularly of A.D. Skinner (Mitch Pileggi).

Lea co-starred with Lau Ching-Wan, Theresa Lee and Bif Naked in the Hong Kong-Canadian film Lunch with Charles in 2001.

In 2006, Lea had a role on ABC Family's Kyle XY (26 episodes) playing Tom Foss, Kyle's tutor, and was one of the lead actors (playing Ethan McKaye) on the Canadian TV series Whistler. He was also that series' associate producer. He did not return to Whistler for its second season in 2007.

He has guest starred in shows such as NYPD Blue (3 episodes), Andromeda, Burn Notice, Sliders, Highlander: The Series, Judging Amy, CSI (4 episodes) (as Catherine Willows' boyfriend) and Men in Trees (10 episodes) (as Eric, the minister). Nicholas has also guest starred in the ABC remake of the sci-fi series V. He is also a member of the board of directors for the Lyric School of Acting in Vancouver.

Lea appeared in the film Guido Superstar: The Rise of Guido, starring, produced, and directed by Silvio Pollio, including Lea, John Cassini, Terry Chen, and Michael Eklund. The film screened at the 2010 Vancouver International Film Festival. In 2012 he portrayed Eliot Ness who formed the law enforcement group The Untouchables in the Supernatural episode "Time after Time". Lea had a minor role on Arrow as Mark Francis, who was Moira Queen's campaign manager. He appeared in three episodes.

Video games

 * The X-Files: Resist or Serve (2004) (voice and likeness) as Alex Krycek
 * Guido Superstar: The Rise of Guido (2010) (post-production) as Mr. Other Guy

title: Nicholas Lea


text:
Little Johnny

Little Johnny jokes are about a small boy who naively poses questions and makes statements that are very embarrassing to his "grownup" listeners (such as parents and teachers), and has a very straightforward way of thinking. At times he is well educated in the terminology of sex, while at others he is all too innocent. The jokes may also include a female counterpart, typically named Susie.

Around the world
Joke characters similar to Little Johnny are known in many countries.

 * Argentina: Jaimito (diminutive of Jaime)
 * Armenia: Vardanik (diminutive of Vardan)
 * Brazil and Portugal: Joãozinho (diminutive of João) or Juquinha
 * Bulgaria: Ivancho (in Bulgarian Иванчо, diminutive for Ivan), commonly featured with Mariyka (in Bulgarian Марийка, diminutive for Mariya) a young girl
 * Croatia: "mali Ivica", "mali Perica"
 * Czech Republic: Pepíček (diminutive of Pepa, itself diminutive of Josef)
 * Estonia: Juku
 * Finland: Pikku-Kalle
 * France: Toto
 * Germany: Klein Fritzchen (Little Fritzie); see German humour and East Germany jokes
 * Greece: Τοτός (Totos - Toto) and Αννούλα (Annoula - Annie)
 * Hungary: Móricka
 * Italy: Pierino
 * India: Tintumon in Malayalam language
 * Indonesia: Budi
 * Mexico: Pepito (diminutive of "Pepe", nickname of "José" – Joseph)
 * Netherlands, Flanders: Jantje, a stereotype of the average little Dutch boy, a diminutive of Jan
 * Norway: Lille Ole ("Little Ole")
 * Serbia: Perica
 * Spain and Hispanophone Latin America: Jaimito (In Cuba, Honduras, Mexico, Dominican Republic and Ecuador, Pepito). The words jaimito and jaimitada have become common names.
 * Sri Lanka: Amdan (Emden)
 * Poland: Jasio (diminutive of Jan)
 * Russia: Vovochka (diminutive of Vladimir)
 * Romania: Bulă, Alinuța
 * Slovenia: Janezek
 * Senegal: Mandemba
 * Sweden: Lille Kalle
 * Turkey: Hüdaverdi

Italian Pierino
The Italian character version of Little Johnny is "Pierino" (Little Peter), the child star of numerous jokes full of double meanings. The character became famous in Italy between the seventies and eighties, in the period of Italian zany and erotic comedy on cinema. Four movies about Pierino were made, all starring Alvaro Vitali.

Filmography

 * Pierino contro tutti (1981)
 * Pierino medico della SAUB (1981)
 * Pierino colpisce ancora (1982)
 * Pierino torna a scuola (1990)

title: Little Johnny