text:
User talk:Jeb~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 * Remember Neutral point of view
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Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

P.P.S. Just read your user page. On your personal userpage, you don't have to worry about NPOV. You can write whatever you'd like, although we encourage you to keep it civil. Post all the opinions you like, and best wishes.

Thank you very much Meelar! :) I hope you have an excellent day tomorrow!! :) Thanks very much for your help! User:Jeb 05:20, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Alright folks, I am getting very intrigued by all the different Wikipedians!!! Yeah it's high time I started listing pages. If you check out my InvisionBoard community, you will notice that I love to list things there A LOT!!! :) :) ScienceWeather forums

Okay User:Charles_Matthews you're the first, and I expect there will be many, many more!!! :)

I found this page about the London Wikimeet which I found very interesting! I have got to attend one of these Wikimeets!! :)

I'm sorry about all the extraneous talk on this page; I'll try to clean it up. Jeb 04:45, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

List of wiki farms
I started the page on Jan 12 2006. Turns out the page had been developed earlier then deleted. Talk:List of wiki farms List of wiki farms on deletion review. WP:VFU It appears the page is on the chopping block so I am going to monitor it for a while. Jeb 16:57, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

HELP!!!!!!!!
I just found out about the upcoming Technological Singularity on Jan 11. I am really excited about this Singularity. I am a Singularitarian and am trying to promote the Singularity. I have a small problem though: I am very, very overwhelmed by the Portal. This thing is a technological brobdingnagian construction that I can not for the life of me, even begin to try to figure out how to edit. HELP PLEASE!!!! Jeb 06:00, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

article you created
sorry, you can't have your own article here. that's what the userpage is for. I'm putting the content here before deleting the article.--Alhutch 03:29, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 Hello, I am JEB 2390. I am a Transhumanist and a Singularitarian and I work to bring about the Singularity as soon as possible.

We need help on our Singularity Wiki. Please help us develop this wiki. -JEB 2390

no problem
don't worry about it, no harm done.--Alhutch 03:36, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jeb. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jeb~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:39, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:21, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Quixotic plea
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Wikipediholism test. Thanks. —  06:31, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeb~enwiki


text:
User talk:WideArc

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

I reinstated Chukie Nwokorie in the Lafayette, Indiana page. He and I both graduated from Jefferson High School, Class of 1995.--Leomyhero 05:37, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Heather Douglas article may be deleted
A tag has been placed on Heather Douglas (actress), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page (below the existing db tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. DoorsAjar 02:12, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:SnackBarAd.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:SnackBarAd.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Dethomas 02:36, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Can you fill in any more info on that image? Thanks! --evrik (talk) 21:16, 4 September 2019 (UTC)

Units of Measurement
I noticed changes you made in Indiana, and I was sure I was right and you were wrong about MOS. Turns out I was wrong. You're a little wrong, too, but I was wronger (wronger?) than you. In any case, I thought you would appreciate learning what I found out.

When you writing 197 square miles, preferred coding is 197 mi² You were leaving out the , and the MOS definitely recommends it, so that the number and the units don't end up on separate lines. (That's in Manual of Style (dates and numbers)). However, I thought that it said that you should use the superscript 2 in technical articles, and use sq. mi. in non-technical articles. I can't find a trace of that, anywhere.

In the proposed revision of that page, they recommend using ² instead of 2 for the reason that the second formulation introduces additional leading in some browsers and the first version doesn't. I never saw ² before, but the argument won me over; I guess I'm going to use that from now on.

But in any case, thanks for teaching me a lesson (and thanks for doing nice work on the Indiana article.) ClairSamoht - Help make Wikipedia the most authoritative source of information in the world 05:38, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Recent edits
I notice that you are removing the word "originally" from many articles. Certainly there are some cases were this word could be used. Buddha24 (talk) 05:22, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

File:150px-INMap-doton-Lafayette.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:150px-INMap-doton-Lafayette.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Kelly hi! 08:49, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Heather Douglas (actress)

The article Heather Douglas (actress) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unref blp; doesn't appear to meet WP:ENT / WP:GNG."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Boleyn (talk) 13:23, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:WideArc


text:
Wing Luke Museum

The Wing Luke Museum is a museum in Seattle, Washington, United States, which focuses on the culture, art and history of Asian Pacific Americans. It is located in the city's Chinatown-International District. Established in 1967, the museum is a Smithsonian Institution affiliate and the only pan-Asian Pacific American community-based museum in the country. It has relocated twice since its founding, most recently to the East Kong Yick Building in 2008. In February 2013 it was recognized as one of two dozen affiliated areas of the U.S. National Park Service.

Collections
The Wing Luke Museum's collections have over 18,000 items, including artifacts, photographs, documents, books, and oral histories. Parts of the museum's collections are viewable through its online database. There is an oral history lab inside the museum for staff and public use.

Exhibits
The Wing houses temporary and permanent exhibitions related to Asian American history, art, and cultures. The museum represents over 26 ethnic groups.

The museum uses a community-based exhibition model to create exhibits. As part of the community-based process, the museum conducts outreach into communities to find individuals and organizations to partner with. The museum then forms a Community Advisory Committee (CAC) to determine the exhibit's direction. Staff at the museum conduct research, gather materials, and record relevant oral histories under the guidance of the CAC. The CAC also determines the exhibit's overall design and content. This process can take 12 to 18 months.

In 1995, the Wing Luke Museum received the Institute for Museum and Library Services National Award for Museum Service for its exhibit process. Award-winning exhibits by the museum include Do You Know Bruce?, a 2014 exhibit on Bruce Lee. The Association of King County Historical Organizations awarded Do You Know Bruce? the 2015 Exhibit Award.

History
The museum is named for Seattle City Council member Wing Luke, the first Asian American elected to public office in the Pacific Northwest. Luke suggested the need for a museum in the Chinatown-International District in the early 1960s to preserve the history of the rapidly changing neighborhood. After Luke died in a small plane crash in 1965, friends and supporters donated money to start the museum he envisioned. The Wing Luke Memorial Museum, as it was first named, opened in 1967 in a small storefront on 8th Avenue.

Initially, the museum focused on Asian folk art, but soon expanded its programming to reflect the diversity of the local community. The museum exhibited the work of emerging local artists, and by the 1980s pan-Asian exhibits made by community volunteers became central to the museum.

In 1987, the Wing Luke Museum moved to a larger home on 7th Avenue and updated its name to Wing Luke Asian Museum. It achieved national recognition in the 1990s under the direction of local journalist Ron Chew, a pioneer of the community-based model of exhibit development that placed personal experiences at the center of exhibit narratives.

In 2008, the museum moved to a larger building at 719 South King Street, in the renovated 1910 East Kong Yick Building. The Museum continued addressing civil rights and social justice issues, while preserving historic spaces within the building including the former Gee How Oak Tin Association room, the Freeman SRO Hotel, a Canton Alley family apartment, and the Yick Fung Mercantile.

In 2010, the museum changed its name to the Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience, informally "The Wing".

Nine of the museum's windows along Canton Alley were destroyed on September 14, 2023, in a crime that was described as "racially motivated". In response, the Washington State Department of Commerce and City of Seattle made financial donations to the museum, and the broken windows were replaced with a decorative mural.

In May 2024, around half of the museum's employees walked out to protest a new exhibit titled "Confronting Hate Together", claiming that part of the exhibit "conflate[s] anti-Zionism with antisemitism".

Building
The East Kong Yick Building, where the Museum is located, along with the West Kong Yick Building, were funded by 170 Chinese immigrants in 1910. In addition to storefronts, the East Kong Yick Building contained the Freeman Hotel, which was used by Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino immigrants until the 1940s. The museum's galleries now share the building with re-creations of the Gee How Oak Tin Association's meeting room, kitchens, and apartments that were inside the hotel. The museum also preserves the contents of a general store, Yick Fung Co., which the owner donated in its entirety.

Neighborhood
The museum is in Seattle's Chinatown-International District next to Canton Alley, historically a residential, commercial, and communal area. The Wing runs Chinatown Discovery Tours, a tour service founded in 1985 that takes visitors to significant sites within the neighborhood.

title: Wing Luke Museum


text:
User talk:Chemical

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Articles for deletion/Suri Cruise (2nd nomination)
Hello. You previously voted in the 2006 AfD for Suri Cruise. At the time, Suri was less than 10 days old, and the ultimate verdict was to turn the article into a redirect to her mother's page.

Since then, Suri has become much more notable in her own right as a toddler fashion icon, with over 13 million hits on google image search. After getting an administrator to lift the protection on the redirect, I recently restored the article as a stub, but an editor who believes that "6 year olds are not inherently notable" has again requested deletion.

If it's not too much trouble, I'd appreciate your making your opinion known at Articles for deletion/Suri Cruise (2nd nomination) Warren Dew (talk) 07:38, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Asuka NXT Women's Champion.png
Thank you for uploading File:Asuka NXT Women&. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this file on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the file description page and adding or clarifying the reason why the file qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your file is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for files used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

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Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Finn Balor as NXT Champion.png
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If it is determined that the file does not qualify under the non-free content policy, it might be deleted by an administrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. リボン・サルミネン (Ribbon Salminen)  (ZOOM)  18:24, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:NXT Finn Balor.png
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Orphaned non-free image File:Finn Balor as NXT Champion.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Finn Balor as NXT Champion.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Orphaned non-free image File:NXT Finn Balor.png
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Orphaned non-free image File:Paige as NXT Women's Champion.png
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:54, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

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Non-free use of File:American Alpha as NXT Tag Team Champions.png
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An administrator will review this file within a few days, and having considered the opinions placed on the image page, may delete it in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion or remove the tag entirely. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 15:31, 3 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chemical


text:
Datta

Datta may refer to:

 * Dutta (surname), an Indian family name found among Bengali and Punjabi Hindus
 * Dattatreya, a Hindu deity
 * Datta, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a Union Council of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
 * Data, Hisar or Datta, a village in Haryana, India
 * Datta High School, a higher secondary school in the city of Netrakona, Bangladesh
 * Datta (1951 film), an Indian Bengali-language film based on the story of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, remade in 1976

 * Datta (2023 film), an Indian Bengali language film

title: Datta


text:
Stratiotes

Stratiotes is a genus of submerged aquatic plant commonly known as water soldiers, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Several specific names have been coined within the genus, but at present only one is recognized: Stratiotes aloides. native to Europe and NW Asia.

moved to other genera: Enhalus Hydrocleys Ottelia
 * formerly included in genus
 * 1) Stratiotes acoroides  - Enhalus acoroides
 * 2) Stratiotes alismoides - Ottelia alismoides
 * 3) Stratiotes nymphoides - Hydrocleys nymphoides
 * 4) Stratiotes quinquealatus - Ottelia alismoides

Description
The leaves are serrate and very brittle, breaking easily when handled. Reproduction is generally by offsets, which may number five or more per plant. In the UK, male plants have rarely if ever been recorded, although some hermaphrodite flowers have been recorded from more southerly locations. Sexual reproduction is not known to occur. A characteristic of the genus is the habit of the plants rising to the surface at flowering time.

Ecology
The plant appears to be associated with calcareous waters and there is a suggestion that changing levels of calcium carbonate on the leaves may explain the floating and submerging behaviour.

The rare dragonfly, the Norfolk hawker (Aeshna isosceles), relies on the presence of Stratiotes aloides as a food source for the smaller insects on which it feeds. The plant is very winter hardy.

Fossil record
Several fossil seeds of †Stratiotes kaltennordheimensis have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.

Uses
Stratiotes aloides is commonly used in cool water ponds and aquariums in Europe.

title: Stratiotes


text: Category:Television people

title: Category:Television people


text:
Talk:Foreskin fetish

For a November 2004 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Foreskin fetish

Skin freaks
The term "skin freaks" is used almost exclusively by one pro-circumcision advocate who is very active on Usenet and the World Wide Web. -- DanBlackham 05:02, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I googled to find its prevalence: "skin freaks" = 183 [most of these had nothing to do with foreskin], "skin freaks" foreskin = 13, "skin freaks" circumcision = 20. So basically you've got around 33 hits. From the look of the results its used entirely by certain specific individuals (probably less than a dozen) on specific forums. The term is very, very rare making it unacceptable to insert into the article. Nathan J. Yoder 17:50, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Most of the references to "skin freaks" on Usenet were made by one pro-circumcision crusader who goes by wadi and Briar Rabbit among other names. -- DanBlackham 18:28, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Briar Rabbit, that was the guy whose posts I was reading on some web-based forum. It's even rarer than I thought. Nathan J. Yoder

The use of the term "skin freaks" seems even rarer when one notices the similarities between Briar Rabbit's writing style and Robert's writing style. -- DanBlackham 11:09, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * LOL, thanks for adding my signature, I always forget it. This time I remembered afterwards, I was just too lazy to correct it.  He's already represented himself under at least 3 usernames on Wikipedia so I wouldn't be surprised.  He even thought he was perm banned, when it was a short temporary one, and came in with a new username.  It's pretty clear he doesn't care about Wikpedia rules/policies.  Nathan J. Yoder 14:43, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Responses to request for comment

 * As this subject is marginally notable in its prominence and reach, it would probably be most fair to disclose the actual size of the group involved. So in general, the article would most honestly say that really only ten (or 1000 whatever) foreskin fetishists are known or have been documented, and only one person uses the pejorative "skin freaks".  Tom - Talk 16:24, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Should this article even exist?
I’m wondering here, because we have a part of the body, and supposedly there’s a fetish attached to it. Do you mean some people have frenulum, glans, circumcision scar, clitoral hood, big toe, earlobe, eyelid, nose, whatever fetishes too? Is that even possible?

If it is, I’m inclined to ask about the attitude projected in the article, and I wonder if it weren’t reasonable to make a similarly toned article on circumcision scar fetish — pretty sure there exist people like that, if even just a handful.

Oh, and it seems to me that “anti-circumcision” “activities” such as foreskin restoration (see some previous stage of the article) are considerably more “live and let live” than, say, circumcising someone. So I might just object to that notion too. -- Ralesk 21:47, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The article probably should not exist, at least not in its present form. Except for the first sentence the article is little more than an ad hominem attack on people who are opposed to non-therapeutic circumcision. -- DanBlackham 08:45, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If this article is left, there should also be a circumfetish article. Both might be considered obsessive, with circumfetish bordering on pedophila.  We should decide one way or the other, but be consistent and NPOV. DanP 18:27, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Should this article exist? Yes indeedy. If you google "foreskin fetish" you get mega hits. This great secret needs to be outed. Instead of trying to bury it lets build a great article which explains what floats these guy's boats and how these boys impact upon the anti-circumcision movement. Fascinating stuff to be sure. Wait a minute ... surely no one here is suggesting censorship? Nah ... can't be. - Robert the Bruce 15:57, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * To use your method of arguing: Those sites are just the propaganda of pro-circumcision activists and therefore it’s bullshit and only what I say can be true because my side is the right side and those “monmaniacal” pro-circumcision activist freaks will do anything to push their propaganda. — Do you like my turning the table? In any case, I wonder how when the vast majority of people on Earth are uncircumcised, can the “liking of” an uncircumcised penis be the fetish, while the rarer “liking of” a circumcised one not.  Do tell, I’m eager to know. -- Ralesk 19:34, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * When I read responses like this I always wonder what is the motivation which lies behind the mask. I think it is this very fear of being exposed as a fetishist that increasing leads to these people desperately attempting to hide behind the mask of (anti-circumcision) child rights activist in their desperate pursuit of respectability and legitimacy. The more i think about it the more important in the greater scheme of things this article becomes. - Robert the Bruce 01:15, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Please, call most men and women who are in a sexual relation with an uncircumcised male, a fetishist. They will all love it.  The medical article referenced is American.  This fact, and that it was released in the early ’80s when circumcision was the most prevalent in the States, suggests that it is POV and they regard people who have or wish they had a foreskin as odd and unusual.  If you grew up with a missing left ear, you would probably say you wish you could have it — if you grew up knowing someone cut that ear off of you when you were small, you’d feel robbed.  It’s perfectly normal to feel robbed, even if you don’t remember how it was to be whole.  Most restorers feel robbed because they know that a person took part of their body from them.  What is your motivation of trying to pose circumcision as something perfectly normal, something that’s default, something that is not a problem when it’s done to someone who cannot voice for or against it?  What is your agenda here?  Why are you trying to show that the American way is right and the rest of the world is odd? -- Ralesk 02:06, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I was thinking that articles of this kind shouldn't exist since they are culture specific. Like there are cultures where they make a hole in the lower mouth.  I'm sure there that a person with an intact mouth would be considered a fetishist there.  This should all be moved under a new entry like "cultural fetishes" for culture specific fetishes.  You can redirect things like foreskin fetish to it. Nathan J. Yoder 07:29, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Culture specificity might not be the best criteria. We have a detailed article on Babylon 5, not just a generic science fiction article.  Perhaps this article should just be Robert's fetish? DanP 23:34, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Science fiction is a much, much more broad category than just cultural specific fetishes, so it's not really a good analogy. Considering how short this article is I don't see why it couldn't be integrated into a bigger one.  How many culture specific fetishes are there?  I should clarify that by culture specific fetish, I don't simply mean a fetish that is more popular in one culture than another.  I mean a fetish that is popular and is reliant on a certain culture specific practice existing.  Like, if an ordinary foot fetish was 100 times more popular in Japan than the US, it wouldn't be culture specific because it happens everywhere.  However, if the fetish were for feet that have been binded in Japan, then it would be culture specific.  This would primarily be involving body alterations, but there may be some other exceptions I can't think of it. -Nathan J. Yoder 14:57, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Good point. But we do have an article on foot binding, which is not only culture-specific, but a practice that's probably almost extinct.  I agree on the pointlessness of this article, but not so much on culture criteria.  We also have an article on Penile inversion, which is a somewhat rare culturally-speaking.  But the breast article has a section on cultural status (which includes whether breasts are viewed as sexual which varies from culture to culture).  Maybe there should be a "cultural status" section in the foreskin article? DanP 15:16, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Foot binding is an actual body modification practice though. Foreskin is just something that's naturally there anyway.  It would make more sense to do what the breast article did and include it with the forskin article, since it is something naturally occuring rather than an active modification practice.  Nathan J. Yoder 08:27, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Too add, yes it should definitely have an explicit cultural mention. The breast fetishism includes a very fitting cultural explanation, that should be followed. Nathan J. Yoder 18:15, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Re: on some edits
“Nonsense removed ... everyone has feet but only a few have a specific foot fetish” — Most males in Europe have a foreskin, and I’m pretty sure their partners like to play with their penis, which the foreskin happens to be a part of. Nibbling, sucking, touching, whatsoever the foreskin is a normal part of foreplay.

“Vandalism repaired” — and you, are you afraid of the truth? Trying to justify your own obsession with circumcision and circumcised penises? It’s pretty much a fact that this was coined by people who don’t know much about foreskins, normal male anatomy, and so on. And we know the American Pediatrics’ old standpoint regarding foreskins, we know it well.

“To appreciate the extent of this fetish one needs to carry out Google searches on "foreskin fetish", "foreskin worship" and on the varients of "foreskin love/r/s".” — To appreciate the extent of circumcision fetish one needs to carry out Google searches on "circumcision fetish", "circumcision worship" and on the varients of "circumcision love/r/s". Notably, on both first searches you get a shitload of porn sites. On “foreskin fetish”, they seem to be such that are serving areas that lack foreskins.

Much love, Ralesk 02:21, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

“I have reverted "uncircumcised" to "intact" because this describes the penis without reference to circumcision, merely qualifying that nothing is missing. Whoever changed it has done so silently, suggesting they don't want their reasoning (if any) queried. --Hugh7 23:34, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You might find it helpful to read edit summaries in the 'history' page before complaining about silent edits. Had you done so, you would have discovered that the change was to correct the terminology. Intact has a less precise meaning than uncircumcised. A foreskin fetishist might, for example, find a pierced foreskin tremendously arousing, but it is not intact. It is, however, uncircumcised. The reference to circumcision is necessary, because it is the absence of circumcision which is the issue here. I suppose you could substitute something cumbersome, like "penis which has a foreskin," but why bother when there is a perfectly satisfactory word already? - Jakew 10:58, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I would like to invite you to make a constructive contribution to this article rather than just try to sabotage it from the sidelines. It appears you have some interest in the subject otherwise you wouldn't have got so involved. If you believe that by seeing one fetish type exposed (and subjected to public scrutiny you need to expose another I am sure Wikipedia will accept your starting such an article of your own. If however you are willing and able to contribute to correctly and comprehensively cover this particular subject please do. - Robert the Bruce 03:19, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Obviously though, since you’ve removed my “nonsense” about how and why it’s not a fetish in Rest of the World, you don’t want me to write anything that goes against your idea(l)s. If you did, you’d have tidied up the article, rather than wiped my entry. My contribution — albeit tongue in cheek, yes — did have information and did try to push this heavily POVed article back from falling over.

And yes I do have some interest in the topic — that doesn’t invalidate what I say, by far; and you still haven’t told us about your purpose and agenda. By the way, unlike you, this topic isn’t my only one here on Wikipedia. I just haven’t been active recently, and I’m more of a translator, than an en: contributor anyway.

~ Ralesk 03:30, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What brought you back? Was it a certain "call to arms" on a certain anti-circumcision list by any chance? Wikipedians need to know this stuff. - Robert the Bruce 03:44, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Now now, don’t be paranoid and stop lashing out on those “certain” “monmaniacal” anti-circumcision “activists”. I came all by myself. -- Ralesk 04:01, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, to Wikipedia in general? Wanted to translate something for one of the other editions. -- Ralesk 04:02, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Good then can we expect a constructive contribution from you from now on? I hope so. - Robert the Bruce 04:10, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * As long as we can expect constructive contribution from you where you aren’t trying to push your POV agenda. -- Ralesk 11:08, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Oh, and why I didn’t start the counterpart article, here goes: your foreskin fetish article, as it is now, is slander towards pretty much all people who live in a non-circumcising part of the world (which means the vast majority of people), and calling people who have a preference for a circumcised penis is a slander towards those who don’t know any different. I think Nathan Yoder hit the nail on the head that this is a cultural “fetish”, i.e. what is considered a deviance depends on what is the norm in the area.

And unlike you, I don’t like to slander the people of a whole continent in a public article. And unlike you, I don’t delete factual information and related links. -- Ralesk 12:29, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"There is also evidence that in some cases, pedophiles may share this fetish" - why is that even in there? That's obviously trying to push a POV to make it look bad. Pedophiles can have all kinds of fetishes, that doesn't mean anything. There's nothing to suggest that it's even remotely common among pedophiles either.

"This fetish is often found among those who indulge in the body modification practices of foreskin stretching or foreskin restoration, and almost all oppose circumcision to varying extents."

Is restoration really "body modification"? Body modification refers to things like tattoos, piercings, sub-dermal implants, etc... I've never heard it refer to anything reconstructive. It's like calling someone who got their face reconstructed after a car accident undergoing body modification. Additionally the "almost all" statement is wrong, most of the people who oppose circumcision are in countries where liking foreskin is not a fetish.

I agree with the above, the 'vandalism' edits are highly inappropriate and are a violation of wikipedia rules.

"Is restoration really 'body modification'?" I think so. I suppose depending on how it's done. You can have surgical restoration, but this is widely unpopular because the desired outcome is significantly less than the reality; there usually are a lot of complications. So comparing foreskin restoration to facial reconstruction doesn't seem like a very good example because the vast majority of foreskin restorers use non-surgical, stretching methods aimed at lengthening what remaining foreskin they have left using devices that covers the glans of the penis. It's the same as gauging one's ears to larger and larger sizes slowly over time or those in various cultures who stretch their lips for jewelry and plates.

Circumcision Fetish
As Ralesk said, there is also a fetish about circumcision and this can be documented from the Internet. However, there are allusions to a sexual involvement to circumcision in the Bible and evidence from other sources. The foreskin and circumcision fetishes are, I believe, like two sides of the one coin. See (1 Samuel 18: 20-29) Michael Glass 12:39, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Michael you may start such an article if you so wish, however, please do not try to excuse the excesses of the foreskin fetishists and understate their leading role in the anti-circumcision movement by blowing smoke over another issue. Keep your eye on the ball, Michael ;-) - Robert the Bruce 18:09, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Robert, where is your evidence that foreskin fetishists play a leading role in the anti-circumcision movement? Why do you feel that drawing a link between two fetishes will obscure the insights that you want to bring to this question? Michael Glass 05:38, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Robert, why did you remove a link to an article on circumcision fetishes? Michael Glass 05:54, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Because he doesn’t like the table turned. -- Ralesk 11:53, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * By all means start such an article. Place what deserves to be there, there and your other stuff elsewhere. Now take this discussion to the appropriate discussion page if you will. - Robert the Bruce 16:56, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Robert, please answer the three questions I put to you: Michael Glass 22:03, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Why did you remove a link to an article on circumcision fetishes?
 * Where is your evidence that foreskin fetishists play a leading role in the anti-circumcision movement?
 * Why do you feel that drawing a link between the two fetishes will obscure the insights that you want to bring to this question?

Let me answer you as follows: To those who have been observing the goings on starting with the desperate attempts to remove the the foreskin fetish article and leading up to the establishment of the circumcision fetish article have now certainly become more informed as to where the circumcision "debate" overflows into otherwise seemingly unconnected areas. What is truly hilarious is the second line of defense where when it was obvious that the foreskin fetish article was not going to be wished away the approach of "well if they are going to expose our soft underbelly then lets expose theirs" took over. Pretty sad stuff. So what is the connection Michael? Is the supposed connection between a foreskin fetish and a circumcision fetish anything more than that they are mutually exclusive? Your insistence of making a connection is interesting and requires explanation from you rather than any from me. In addition it is evident to anyone who has been "observing" the goings on on numerous lists over a period of time that there is a serious psychosexual (and yes, predominantly gay) undertone that permeates through these groups (and yes, that includes some of the folk over on circlist). It is good that this stuff comes out into the open, it is important that people get to know what floats some of the boats around here. You do believe that the truth should prevail don't you Michael? And to add Michael, it is also evident that many of the people over at circlist are also anti routine neonatal circumcision because that would deny them the "opportunity" to realise their peculiar interest in the act of circumcision itself. You are following this aren't you Michael? - Robert the Bruce 05:49, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It might help your point a bit if you stopped frothing at the mouth there Robert. Clearly, according to my anecdotal evidence, pro-circ people must frequently have a serious psychosexual circumcision fetish. Now we must absolutely start a circumcision fetish article to expose this disgusting and vile practice.

Next week Robert will dicuss why playing with the folds of skin on a woman's vulva is a sick, disgusting practice highly associated with lesbianism. We must do our best to spread the truths about the abomination known as homosexuality and sexual practices that involve anything other than being in the missionary position. -Nathan J. Yoder 22:45, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

How anyone can read a page like this and not agree there is a "circumcision fetish" out there is just deluding themselves (warning: graphic content). --Jre 17:12, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Homophobic Article?
Dan, some questions: - Jakew 18:55, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Why is it necessary to describe papers as homophobic?
 * What benefit is there in doing so, from the perspective of informing the reader?
 * What evidence do you have for describing them as homophobic? I've not read Khan's paper, but I don't find Mohl's paper homophobic or offensive (and I'm a gay man).

 * It's not in my opinion that it's essential. But papers and sites are routinely described as anti-circumcision when that should be a judgement for the reader to make, and often it is not germaine to the purpose of the reference.  We rarely put such warnings on other value-laden sites.   Seems like disclaimers are popular these days in several circumcision-related articles.  As far as homosexuality in particular, psychiatric professionals routinely categorized homosexuality as a mental disorder in the United States until rather recently.   Some still do, and the UN makes such claims until the mid-90's.  If the reader needs a warning that they're being led to an article that judges circumcision one way or the other, NPOV suggests the same goes for article referring to value judgements of homosexuals engaged in foreskin restoration.  Personally, I'd rather abolish all such disclaimers as POV in themselves.  But I guess there should be consensus on this.   DanP 19:21, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Jakew, according to your edit in the foreskin article, you say it's not POV the indicate whether a site is anti-circumcision. Yet you delete any mention of bias from here.  Which is it?  To mention alleged bias (and claim it's NPOV to do so), or to not mention bias (and leave the reader to figure it all out)?  I'd like to know your opinion. DanP 20:10, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

If the disclaimer were actually relevant to the subject, it might count as bias.

I am aware of the history of the psychiatric evaluation of homophobia. However, you can't say that a paper is homophobic just because it happened to be published at a time when many medics were. Such an evaluation needs to be made on the basis of the content of the paper. - Jakew 20:27, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Chonological correllation is not why it's homophobic. The articles clearly suggest negative psychological phenomena in relation to gay persons and their body image -- and the slant at the time of homosexuality being called a disorder is evident in them.  Regarding many of the disclaimers that "warn" readers of the bias that various sites are anti-circumcision (even when referring to articles which they did not write), no such supporting evidence is given or put up for debate.  Somebody (usually Robert) read it, made a judgement without quoting the source, and decided to put a personally-chosen disclaimer on any link to any site that even questions circumcision.  I've seen it happen over and over.  DanP 23:58, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps you're reading something into the articles that I'm not. I don't detect any more of a negative aspect to homosexuality than in describing, say, males in their 50s. It's a matter-of-fact observation. I'm inclined to agree that we have a few too many disclaimers (though I think that in a few cases they're justified). - Jakew 00:33, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps if the article were entitled "Circumcision Fetishism And Its Relation To Ego Pathology In A Male Homosexual" and "Male Circumcision Seekers: Psychiatric Aspects" with case studies of fetishists, obsessives, and other aberrations used to discredit circumcision, your opinion about a disclaimer would differ a bit. The disclaimers should only indicate the content in neutral fashion (Site that provides views against/supporting/discussing circumcision), not Robert's bold-letter ("WARNING: THESE ARE ANTI-CIRCUMCISION, DON'T GO HERE").  If you want to eliminate the disclaimers to only those sites who clearly state a position one way or the other (NOCIRC, CircList, etc.), I would hope we could come to some kind of agreement on this.   But I'm guessing you'd rather only keep Robert's insertions.  DanP 01:01, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Regarding hypothetical studies, you might be right - I don't know. I don't think that the intent is to discredit restoration, though, but that's just my gut feeling.

I agree with your suggestion regarding neutral disclaimers. "Site providing views in opposition to circumcision" is better than "Note: anti-circumcision site". I think that, if anything, disclaimers are more informative when advising about a site that uses a subtle approach (eg CIRP), and less useful when the agenda is blatantly obvious. On the other hand, we have an ethical obligation to disclaim extremism. Perhaps its best if we just have neutral disclaimers for every site except truly neutral sites like Medline. - Jakew 01:14, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * CIRP is not exclusively on one side, despite strong leanings. There are a few subtle sites on the other side that fully promote circumcision, but do not exclude opposition views entirely.  I'm not in favor of judgemental disclaimers for either, as their goal is not to trick reader's who can certainly read for themselves, and we are not the reader's "daddy".  We would have to put disclaimers on the whole of Wikipedia, if subtle approaches were heavily vilified. So that is why I question this practice of disclaiming as Robert has, as it seems petty and arrogant to me. DanP 01:33, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I made some edits, to achieve the following:

 * 1) Remove the kooky "in this era of the internet" introduction. This topic has nothing to do with the internet, except in as much as it can (like, say, vintage cars or growing geraniums) be discussed or published on the web.
 * 2) Replace the POV definition with a simple, direct, and uncontroversial one: "can be described as" - i.e., we do not claim that this is a fetish, we simply report that some people have claimed that it is and make no forther comment.
 * 3) Remove the paraphilia claim: whether you approve of or dissaprove of this particular sexual interest, by definition it cannot be a [paraphilia]], as it is a sexual interest in a part of the sexual organs themselves.
 * 4) Replace prurient and rather pointless "viewing, handling, licking, tickling, stretching, sniffing, sucking on or kissing" section with a simple "is aroused by" sentence.
 * 5) remove the "clinical diagnosis" para, replace it with a link to fetish, because (a) it has obviously been inserted simply in order to attempt to add a (probably spurious) air of accuracy to the article, and (b) because it doesn't say anything at all about foreskin fetishes, as opposed to fetishes in general. The appropriate place to discuss this general inforation about fetishes is in fetish.
 * 6) Remove the gratuitous pedophile sneer. This was highly inappropriate.
 * 7) Clean up excessive language generally and replace with text in an encyclopediac tone.
 * 8) Remove two external links which are irrelevant to foreskin fetishism: either or both, however, would be perfectly sensible to link to from a more appropriate place, such as foreskin.
 * 9) Removed the disputed tag, as the entry is now substantially improved. Whether it is improved enough, or should simply be deleted, I leave for others to judge.

Tannin 11:03, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Your changes are a big improvement. -- DanBlackham 07:10, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I have incorporated some of Tannin's changes - namely, "in the era of the internet..." and "viewing, handling...".

The other changes are inappropriate and have been reverted. Namely: 1) it is not controversial to describe this as a fetish (since that is the definition of a fetish). The only "controversy" is whether a given individual's interests constitute a fetish. 2) A fetish is a kind of paraphilia. If you need this explaining to you, perhaps you should read up on the subject before trying to write about it. 3) clinical aspects of fetishism, as they pertain to foreskin fetishism are of course relevant. 4) I've incorporated a summary of Khan's remarks on the paedophilia relation. 5) By all means change the language, but please don't censor information. 6) The links are valid as "exhibits". 7) I'll wait and see whether the article is still disputed. - Jakew 17:01, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Reverts
Jakew, please stop your constant reverts to this page. They constitute vandalism, which could lead to your being blocked. Exploding Boy 16:40, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * Exploding Boy, improving a page, as you yourself have said, cannot constitute vandalism. Logically, reverting a change which was detrimental to the article is equivalent to improving it. - Jakew 16:48, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

True, but other editors clearly believe that your reverts do not constitute an improvement. You have been repeatedly asked to stop reverting and to discuss what you see as problematic here, on the talk page. I've looked at your edit history; it seems like the majority of your edits are reverts; it doesn't look good. If you're not a vandal, if you're not simply trying to promote a particular point of view rather than trying to create a neutral, balanced article, then you'll discuss the things that concern you here, and stop your constant unexplained reverts. Exploding Boy 17:02, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've reverted your last edit because it continues to incorporate some of the information identified as problematic by other editors. In particular, the claim that foreskin fetishism is associated with paedophilia is unsubstatiated, even by the highly questionable link provided.  Further, in an article such as this, a lengthy explanation of fetishism and its treatments is unwarranted.  What should be added is discussion of the fact that many people use the word "fetish" with a particular meaning that is different from its medical use, ie: to describe something that they have a particular liking for or attraction to.  Many people describe themsevles as having a [whatever] fetish; they do not mean that they cannot funtion sexually without [whatever].  All people who describe themselves as having a foreskin fetish do not fit into the medical definition of fetishism; some of them just like or have a preference for intact penises.  Exploding Boy 17:16, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

If you bother to look, you'll see that I have discussed the reasons (in the section above). Since you haven't discussed your reasons, by your own definition you've just vandalised the page.

In the spirit of compromise, I've removed the paedophilia reference. - Jakew 17:20, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * The reference to paedophilia was not the only problem with the article. You've just added a comment above; you have not discussed anything.  Sorry, but the version of the article you are trying to promote is just not as correct, as well written or as informative as other versions.  For the umpteenth time, before making changes, please discuss them here.  Exploding Boy 17:22, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

Compromise tends to involve both parties conceding something. Including paedophilia, I've now agreed to three of Tannin's points. If you look above, in the paragraphs beginning with "I have incorporated some of Tannin's changes", I have addressed each and every one of Tannin's points. An exchange of views constitutes discussion, to my knowledge. I'm sorry that you feel it isn't as correct or informative. Perhaps you'd like to explain why you feel this way? - Jakew 17:31, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I too am waiting for Exploding Boy to respond to this. - Robert the Bruce 05:17, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Alleged link between anti-circumcision activism and foreskin fetishism
Robert, this seems a little contentious to say the least. If you have some set of people who are diagnosed forskin fetishists maybe you can justify the claim by ascertaining whether they are also anti-circumcision activists (which has to be a bit more than just not being circumcised themselves); otherwise it just looks like cheap innuendo. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 03:34, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Why don't you sign up to a few anti-circumcision/foreskin restoration lists and read what floats their boats there. All will be revealed. - Robert the Bruce 03:39, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Innuendo isn't enough. Please cite your justification for this claim. You should know by now that you can't throw the onus for your claim onto others; you have to substantiate it yourself. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 03:46, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Foreskin fetish is a disorder?
 The fetish distinguishes itself from mere appreciation by the fact that these activities become essential for the individual to achieve sexual gratification.

While the term may be used informally, a clinical diagnosis must meet formal criteria which include distress or impaired social or sexual functioning. The cause of fetishism is often complex, but frequently includes doubts about the patient's own masculinity or potency and feelings of inadequacy. Treatment is normally long-term counselling and/or drug therapy.

First it starts off with admiration of foreskin, then delves into people who absolutely need foreskin to get off. It goes on to suggest it's a psychological disorder. I find this a bit odd since fetish in no way inherently implies that's the case. If a guy has a foot fetish, for example, it doesn't necessarily mean it's his only way of getting off,  just that he admires feet in particular. The same is true of most, if not all, fetishes. This is just a bunch of POV bias.

-Nathan J. Yoder 08:27, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * A disorder? Who knows? A phenomenon, yes. That is what matters. Here is an example of this phenomenon ... and yes ... the term skin freak is quite apt: - Robert the Bruce 04:27, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

no kidding, I want details, details! I'm a huge foreskin fan. never met one I couldn't clean out nice and good with my tongue. love that cheese. I pray to god every day when i go to the gym I'll meet a nice big long cheese filled foreskin I can take home and polish clean but all the men in my gym are circumsized :-( but the few times when a fresh foreskin appears watch out! two or three of us make a bee line for it in the locker room and then its every man for himself the owner of the foreskin usually loves to show it off and parade it around, some of the other cut guys are jealous, they know what their missing whoever the lucky winner is who gets to take the foreskin home that day i can tell you one thing he always comes in with a huge smile the next day! http://unix.derkeiler.com/Newsgroups/comp.os.vms/2004-02/0741.html

 * On second thoughts ... yes ... I think it is a disorder. - Robert the Bruce 04:28, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Robert, think for a moment. Even if it is abnormal, identifying singling out this fetish as a disorder is technically POV.  Pulling out random newsgroup postings is hardly a scholarly source of evidence, and perhaps the same standard should apply to the circumcision fetish?  Please remember that there are plenty of vile stories of people admiring mutilated baby penises, and then describing their taste for the exposed glans.  Presenting these sorts of "examples" is nothing but absurd and destructive to Wikipedia. DanP 18:42, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Dan this is the discussion page. What the stuff available on the net indicates is that the "foreskin fetish" is indeed alive and well and worthy of its own article here on Wikipedia. This considering that there were attempts to have the article deleted a while ago. What were the people behind that attempt trying to hide do you think? The truth? - Robert the Bruce 23:27, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * You're being evasive now. Substantiate that it's a disorder.  If he continues to be evasive and doesn't substantiate it (which is doubtful consider his already shoddy evidence), just delete the paraphilia and disorder stuff from the article.  For an idea of what a "body part fetish" article should look like, see Breast_fetishism. Nathan J. Yoder 18:17, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Changes to make this an actual fetish article
I have removed several random links to men undergoing foreskin restoration and the pointless slang terms in accordance with the true fetishistic reorientation of the circumcision fetish articles carefully worked out by Jakew. DanP 19:42, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Good choice. I think it improves the article. - Jakew 23:19, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I have added "intact" to the "not merely to male genitalia" to bring this article into line with the Circumcision fetish article, though for most of the world, that would not be necessary. I'd have put it in brackets, but the phrase is in brackets already. --Hugh7 01:57, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fetishes are many just like fears
Of course there are foreskin fetishes, there are fetishes for everything, some that have never been discussed before. Just look at fears for example, people fear things like tinfoil. this for some would seem like a ridiculous fear, well same applies for fetishes.

for Jakew
From Merriam Webster: "Entry Word: intact Function: adjective Text: not lacking any part or member that properly belongs to it"

Seems fairly straightforward doesn't it? Exploding Boy 17:02, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * There are other definitions. For example, Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines intact as "complete and in the original state." (Thanks to Tony Sidaway for that)

 * However, even using Merriam Webster's definition, a penis can have a foreskin yet not be intact. What if part or all of the glans has been removed, but the foreskin left? It is not an intact penis, yet it is an uncircumcised one. - Jakew 18:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Good. That explanation sounds entirely reasonable to me. Exploding Boy 00:59, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Redirected
I have redirected both circumcision fetish and foreskin fetish to sexual fetish.

The reasons are simple: neither cite reliable sources, and both are original research. 'Foreskin fetishism' has only been mentioned once in the literature, and as far as I can tell, 'circumcision fetishism' has never been mentioned. Jakew 10:35, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

I applaud your boldness. This was long overdue. --Tony Sidaway Talk 11:11, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Someone's removed said redirect, and a subsequent RFD. Should any of these be re-added? --Jre 13:51, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Currently there is a foreskin fetish article but no circumcision fetish article. This seems unbalanced. -- 203.97.108.91 11:09, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Why Does This Page Exist and not "Circumcision Fetish"?
This is quite beyond me, that people becoming aroused over a natural body part is considered less noteworthy and desirous of its own article within an encyclopedia than those who fantasise over the amputation of it seems absurd. 86.142.200.182 11:56, 22 April 2006 (UTC) This article should be deleted as unencyclopedic content. It strikes me as an attempt by the pro-circumcision groups to attempt to make the presence of a foreskin sound abnormal. Lordkazan 13:11, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Not only that, but all reference to the previous circumcision fetish page seems to be missing. If it is not, would someone please provide a link. --Hugh7 01:18, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There are no references to it, because it was deleted after extensive discussion (in which you took part). The reason for its deletion was that no reliable sources even mention the existence of such a fetish (that doesn't mean that it doesn't exist, just that our policies prevent us from asserting that it does). Jakew 09:50, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * But now I can't find that discussion or any reference to the vote. Using Google I found that Dabljuh had written to Ulayiti at "I pretty much ended the debate by finding a source that suffices WP:RS, the lack of which was the reason for the AFD vote. You have nevertheless deleted the article. I request you to undo the delete and restore the article. Dabljuh 12:58, 14 January 2006 (UTC) I've put up a review, feel free to vote (in favor of undeleting it, I hope) Wikipedia:Deletion_review#Circumcision_fetish Dabljuh 15:45, 14 January 2006 (UTC) " But the link leads to no such review. Where is it? --Hugh7 10:39, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The archived discussion is here and the review here. Jakew 11:07, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to agree with the first sentence of your remark. You could try re-listing it for AfD. Jakew 14:13, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

merge to list of fetishes?
Any objections? this seems to be a very minor fetish, with little information on it, it may be better served as a section of an article--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 19:55, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foreskin fetish


text:
Talk:Werner Bergengruen

from VfD:

I searched for something in English and in French about this guy and I can't find anything but webpages with his books. Doesn't seem like it will expand much further than just a name and dates. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 05:04, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, rather well-known in Germany. Maybe not famous world-wide, but there are quite some less-notable authors that do have their own article...needs to be expanded, though. I'll see what I can do over the weekend. -- Ferkelparade π 09:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with List of people by name and delete unless expanded. Merge and delete is acceptable because this article consists solely of public domain information. anthony (see warning) 16:42, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Werner Bergengruen


text: File:Kay Hanley - Cherry Marmalade.jpg

title: File:Kay Hanley - Cherry Marmalade.jpg


text:
Spring Snow

Spring Snow (春の雪) is a novel by Yukio Mishima, the first in his Sea of Fertility tetralogy. It was published serially in Shinchō from 1965 to 1967, and then in book form in 1969. Mishima did extensive research, including visits to Enshō-ji in Nara, to prepare for the novel.

Plot
The novel is set in the early years of the Taishō period with the reign of the Emperor Taishō, and is about the relationship between Kiyoaki Matsugae, the son of a rising up and coming rich family, and Satoko Ayakura, the daughter of an aristocratic family fallen on hard times. Shigekuni Honda, a schoolfriend of Kiyoaki's, is the main witness to the events. The novel's themes centre on the conflicts in Japanese society caused by westernization in the early 20th century.

The main action stretches from October 1912 to March 1914. Kiyoaki's family originated in Kagoshima, where his dead grandfather, the former Marquis, is still revered. The family now lives in grand style near Tokyo, with wealth acquired very recently.

Kiyoaki's world
The novel opens with images from Kiyoaki's childhood, in the years after the Russo-Japanese War: including a torchlight procession witnessed by Honda, a photograph of memorial services at Tokuri-ji on 26 June 1904, a lyrical description of the Matsugae estate near Shibuya, a visit by Emperor Meiji, and an account of Kiyoaki's role as a page for Princess Kasuga during New Year's Festivities at the Imperial Palace. We are introduced to his mother, Tsujiko, and grandmother, to Shigeyuki Iinuma, his hostile tutor, and to the serious Honda, a friend from the Peers School.

On Sunday, 27 October 1912, the 18-year-old Kiyoaki and Honda are talking on an island in the ornamental lake on the estate when they see Kiyoaki's mother, her maids, and two guests: Satoko Ayakura, the 20-year-old daughter of a count, and her great-aunt, the Abbess of Gesshu. The Ayakura family is one of twenty-eight of the rank of Urin, and they live in Azabu. Kiyoaki is aware that Satoko has a crush on him, and pretends indifference to her. Shortly after they all meet, there is a bad omen: they see a dead black dog at the top of a high waterfall. The Abbess offers to pray for it. Satoko insists on picking flowers for the dog with Kiyoaki. While Satoko is alone with Kiyoaki, she blurts out: "Kiyo, what would you do if all of a sudden I weren't here any more?" He is discomfited by the inexplicable question, and resents the fact that she has startled him with it.

Back at the house, the Abbess delivers a sermon on the doctrine of Yuishiki or the consciousness-only theory of Hosso Buddhism, telling the parable of Yuan Hsiao, the man who, in pitch darkness, drank from a skull by accident. She argues the significance of an object is bestowed by the observer.

Ten days later, on 6 November, Kiyoaki has dinner with his parents; they discuss his otachimachi (divination ritual), that had been held on 17 August 1909, and mention that Satoko has just rejected an offer of marriage. This explains her mysterious question. Kiyoaki and his father play billiards, then go for a stroll that reminds Kiyoaki of his father's former womanising. The marquis tries to persuade him to go with him to a brothel and he walks away in disgust. Later he cannot sleep, resolving to take revenge on Satoko for deliberately perplexing him. We are shown Kiyoaki's bedroom: a screen bearing poems of Han Shan, and a carved jade parrot. We can also see that Kiyoaki has three moles in a row on the left side of his back.

The Siamese princes, Iinuma and Tadeshina
In December, two princes arrive from Siam to study at the Peers School, and are given rooms by the Matsugaes. They are Prince Pattanadid (a younger brother of the new king, Rama VI) and his cousin, Prince Kridsada (a grandson of Rama IV), nicknamed "Chao P." and "Kri", respectively. Chao P is deeply in love with Kri's sister, Princess Chantrapa ("Ying Chan"), and wears an emerald ring she gave him as a present. They ask Kiyoaki if he has a sweetheart and he names Satoko, although he has just sent her a "wildly insulting letter" the day before, in which he claims falsely that he has recently visited a brothel for the first time and has lost all respect for women, including her. To save the situation, he telephones Satoko and makes her promise to burn any letter she receives from him, and she agrees.

Chapter 7 describes Honda's stuffy household, and includes his musings on the Laws of Manu, which he has been required to study, and an anecdote about a second cousin, Fusako, who was caught making a pass at him at a family gathering.

The two princes meet Satoko at the Imperial Theatre in Tokyo. She is courteous, and Kiyoaki concludes that she has burnt the letter. Chapter 9 portrays Shigeyuki Iinuma, a reactionary 23-year-old from Kagoshima, who has been Kiyoaki's tutor for the last six years. He bemoans his ineffectiveness, and the decadent state of Japan, while worshipping at the Matsugae family's shrine. Shortly after the new year, Kiyoaki reveals to him that he knows of his affair with a maid, Miné, and blackmails him into concealing his own trysts with Satoko. Satoko's maid, old Tadeshina, promises to help.

In Chapter 11, we are given an extract from Kiyoaki's dream-diary.

Kiyoaki and Satoko
One day in February, Satoko's parents travel to Kyoto to see a sick relative; taking advantage of this, she persuades Kiyoaki to skip school and join her on a rickshaw ride through the snow. They kiss for the first time. When they pass the parade ground of the Azabu 3rd Regiment he has a vision of thousands of ghostly soldiers standing upon it, reproducing the scene in the photograph described in Chapter 1. Miles away, Honda has a similar premonitory shudder, seeing his friend's empty desk in the schoolroom. The next morning, they meet very early in the school grounds and have a long conversation in which Honda expresses his conviction of the reality of fate and inevitability.

In Chapter 14, it is revealed that Kiyoaki has rewarded Iinuma for his cooperation by giving him the key to the library so that the tutor can meet Miné there secretly. Iinuma hates him for this but accepts the arrangement. Satoko writes her first love letter, and Kiyoaki, torn between his morbid pride and his genuine passion for her, finally replies to it sincerely.

On 6 April 1913, the Marquis Matsugae holds a cherry blossom viewing party for his friend Prince (Haruhisa) Toin, inviting only Satoko and her parents, the two princes, and Baron Shinkawa and his wife. The guests are depicted as ludicrously half-Westernised. During a private moment, Satoko and Kiyoaki embrace, but suddenly Satoko turns away and spurns him, calling him childish. Infuriated, Kiyoaki tells Iinuma what has happened, and the tutor responds with a story which makes him realise that Satoko did indeed read the letter she was supposed to burn. He concludes that she has been leading him on all along in order to humiliate him.

Breaking off all contact, he eventually burns a letter from her in front of Iinuma.

Prince Harunori and Satoko
Towards the end of April, the Marquis tells Kiyoaki that Satoko is being considered as a wife for Prince Toin's third son. Kiyoaki responds with indifference. The Marquis then announces to his son's surprise that Iinuma is to be dismissed: the affair with Miné has been discovered. The same night, Kiyoaki has another dream.

In early May, Satoko visits the Toinnomiya villa by the sea and meets Prince Harunori. Formal proposals quickly follow by mail. Kiyoaki is filled with satisfaction to see Satoko, Tadeshina and Iinuma drift out of his life; and he takes pride in his lack of emotion when Iinuma tearfully takes his leave, later comparing his own ultra-correct conduct with the elegant progress of a beetle on his window-sill. The absence of Iinuma makes that year's omiyasama festival, commemorating Kiyoaki's grandfather, more perfunctory than ever.

In the meantime, the Thai princes have moved from the Matsugae household to private dormitories on the grounds of the Peers School. Chao P. asks Kiyoaki to return him his emerald ring from the marquis's safe-keeping; he has not received a letter from Ying Chan in months, and is pining for her. Kiyoaki tears up the one last letter he receives from Satoko. One day, his mother leaves for the Ayakura villa in order to congratulate the family, casually informing him that the marriage to Prince Harunori will now definitely go ahead. All of a sudden he feels emotionally shattered, and spends the next few hours in a daze. At the end of it, he realizes he is in love with Satoko. This is the turning point of the novel.

Kasumicho and Kamakura
He takes a rickshaw to the Ayakura villa, and, making sure his mother has left, sends for Tadeshina. Astonished, she takes him to an obscure boarding-house in Kasumicho where he threatens to show Satoko's last letter (which he tore up) to Prince Toin if she does not arrange a meeting. Three days later, he returns to the boarding-house and encounters Satoko; they make love; to Tadeshina's despair, he demands another encounter.

Kiyoaki goes directly to Honda and gives a full account of everything that has happened. His friend is amazed, but supportive; not long afterwards, a visit to the district court solidifies his decision not to involve himself in the drama of other people's lives.

At this time, Chao P loses his emerald ring at the Peers School. Kri insists that it has been stolen, but the prefect forces the pair to search through 200 square yards of grass in the rain. This incident prompts them to leave the school. The Marquis Matsugae, fearing that they will leave Japan with unpleasant memories, asks them not to return to Siam immediately but to join his family at their holiday villa at Kamakura for the summer. It is there that the subject of reincarnation is brought up for the first time, in conversations between Kri, Chao P, Honda and Kiyoaki. The liaison between Kiyoaki and Satoko is maintained by Honda, who arranges for a Ford Model T to transport Satoko between Tokyo and Kamakura in secret. Kiyoaki has a third major prophetic dream.

The Thai princes receive a letter informing them of the death of Ying Chan by illness. Devastated, they return to Siam a week later.

Discovery
Tadeshina learns from the Matsugaes' steward that Kiyoaki does not possess Satoko's last letter, but continues to cover for them. In October, she realises that Satoko is pregnant, a fact they both hide from Kiyoaki. At the restaurant of the Mitsukoshi department store, they inform him that there can be no further contact. Kiyoaki and Honda, while discussing this, stumble across another bad omen: a dead mole on the path in front of them. Kiyoaki picks it up and throws it in a pond.

After a long period of no news, Kiyoaki is summoned to the billiard-room by his father. Tadeshina has attempted suicide, leaving a confidential note to the Marquis revealing the affair to him. At first, the Marquis talks calmly, but when Kiyoaki is unapologetic he beats his son with his billiard-cue. Kiyoaki is rescued by his grandmother; the household immediately starts to focus on limiting the damage.

Count Ayakura is strongly tempted to punish Tadeshina, but she knows too much about his secret resentment of the upstart Matsugaes, and he cannot afford to give her any encouragement to reveal it—in particular, the instruction he gave her (in 1905) that Satoko should lose her virginity before any bridegroom chosen by the Marquis should touch her.

The Marquis Matsugae meets Count Ayakura and they arrange an abortion for Satoko in Osaka. On the way back to Tokyo, Satoko and her mother stop at the Gesshu Temple to see the Abbess. Satoko slips away and hides from her mother, who later discovers that she has cut off her hair and resolved to become a nun. The Abbess, who suspects that a plot against the Emperor is unfolding, hopes to thwart it by shielding Satoko. Baffled as to what to do, the weak-willed Countess returns to Tokyo for help. But neither the Count nor the Marquis succeed at removing Satoko from the convent.

Final events
The betrothal is cancelled with a forged medical certificate, backdated a month, declaring Satoko to be mentally ill. In February 1914, Honda gives Kiyoaki money to travel to the convent in an effort to meet Satoko. He turns up at the front door repeatedly but is always rebuffed, and his health declines as he forces himself to trudge through the snow from the inn in Obitoke to the convent and back again as a form of penance. Eventually Honda comes looking for him after receiving a telegram, and is shocked to see how ill he is; concluding that a meeting with Satoko is vital, he goes to the convent alone on February 27, but the Abbess firmly refuses to allow any such meeting, and on the same night Honda and Kiyoaki leave for Tokyo.

During the train journey, the deathly sick Kiyoaki tells Honda: "Just now I had a dream. I'll see you again. I know it. Beneath the falls." He has written a note to his mother, asking her to give Honda his dream-diary. Two days after his return, on 2 March 1914, Kiyoaki dies at the age of 20.

Characters

 * Major characters
 * Kiyoaki "Kiyo" Matsugae (1895–1914)
 * The Marquis and Marquise Matsugae
 * The former Marquise Matsugae, Kiyo's grandmother
 * Satoko Ayakura (b. 1893)
 * The Count and Countess Ayakura
 * Shigekuni Honda (b. 1895)
 * Mr. and Mrs. Honda
 * Shigeyuki Iinuma
 * Mine, a maid
 * Yamada, the steward
 * Tadeshina, Satoko's maid
 * Baron and Baroness Shinkawa
 * The Abbess of Gesshu, Satoko's great-aunt
 * Prince Haruhisa Toin and his wife (the Toinnomiyas)
 * Prince Harunobu Toin, his third son
 * Prince Kridsada "Kri"
 * Prince Pattanadid "Chao Praong"

 * Minor characters
 * Emperor Meiji
 * Princess Kasuga
 * Dr. Mori
 * Dr. Ozu
 * Mr. Kitazaki, innkeeper
 * Itsui, the friend of Honda who owns the car
 * Mr Mori the driver
 * Fusako, Honda's second cousin
 * Tomi Masuda, Hidé, and Matsukichi Hijikata, involved in the court case
 * "The Monster", the deformed son of a marquis
 * a school prefect

Reception
A writer for Kirkus Reviews wrote, "Mishima's novel begins slowly but picks up momentum in the second half along with episodes of sly humor as well as the tragedy of its finale." In The New York Times, Hortense Calisher stated that Spring Snow is praiseworthy for "its marvelous incidentals, graphic and philosophic, and for its scene-gazing [...] no doubt partially researched, but the author's vitality and native omniscience are triumphant." Charles Solomon wrote in 1990 that "the four novels remain one of the outstanding works of 20th-Century literature and a summary of the author’s life and work."

In 2014, Yasser Nasser of The Bubble lauded Spring Snow as easily the best of the Sea of Fertility tetralogy, as well as "one of those novels of the last century that is almost perfectly written, capturing a sense of tragedy that Japanese literature has always been so wont to do. [...] Mishima manages to deftly avoid any entanglement in the melodramatic." Nasser said the book is tonally consistent and that the novelist sticks to narrative "without getting lost in dream-like descriptions" like Yasunari Kawabata. A writer for The Quill stated that in Spring Snow Mishima "shows the sheer beauty and power that Japanese poetry can carry", and the reviewer described a speech about changing history as "perhaps [...] comparable to Shakespeare's 'To be, or not to be'" soliloquy. In 2014, the novel was ranked in The Telegraph as one of the 10 all-time greatest Asian novels.

The David Bowie song 'Heat' from The Next Day (2013) makes reference to the dog scene from the book in the song's opening.

References to other works

 * The screen in Kiyoaki's bedroom has poems by Han Shan (ch. 5)
 * The kabuki plays that the five watch at the Imperial Theatre, near Hibiya Park in Tokyo, are Lion Dance (about two rival generals of the Kamakura period) and The Rise and Fall of the Taira (ch. 8)
 * Iinuma's favourite books in the library include the works of Han Fei, the Testament of Seiken of Asami Keisai (1652-1711), The Eighteen Histories, and Commentaries on the Four Classics; also, a poem by Kayo Honen called Song of a Noble Heart (ch. 14)
 * The Marquise talks about how she played The Green of the Pines on the piano while accompanied by a koto and shamisen (ch. 18)
 * While very young, Kiyoaki and Satoko copied verses from the "Okura One Hundred Poets" (Japanese Ogura Hyakunin Isshu) card-game into an album: the poems by Minamoto no Shigeyuki and Onakatomi no Yoshinobu (ch. 24)
 * Chao P tells a story from the Jataka (ch. 33)
 * Honda listens to the Abbess talk about The Thirty Verses and The Providence of the Greater Vehicle by Asanga (ch. 54)
 * Another son of a marquis, called the Monster because of his facial and physical defects, is shown as frequently carrying a book by Giacomo Leopardi (ch. 48)
 * The dream and reincarnation themes of Hamamatsu Chūnagon Monogatari inspired Spring Snow, and a former teacher of Mishima's had recently released an edition of Hamamatsu as Mishima began work on Spring Snow.
 * Honda reads Ikki Kita's The Theory of Japan's National Polity and Pure Socialism (国体論及び純正社会主義 Kokutairon oyobi Junsei Shakaishugi) but cannot relate to the author's strong feelings.

Adaptations

 * Spring Snow was made into a Japanese-language film, directed by Isao Yukisada, in 2005, and shortly afterwards it was announced that it would be adapted for manga by Riyoko Ikeda and serialised in the women's magazine Shukan Josei. See Spring Snow (2005 film).

title: Spring Snow


text:
User talk:Wwylon

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Wwylon


text: User talk:61.62.136.180

title: User talk:61.62.136.180


text:
User talk:Joe yang

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Joe yang


text:
Carlo Rezzonico

Carlo Rezzonico may refer to:

 * Pope Clement XIII (Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, 1693–1769)
 * Carlo Rezzonico (cardinal) (1724–1799), Clement XIII's nephew and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church

title: Carlo Rezzonico


text:
Northwest Seaport

Northwest Seaport Maritime Heritage Center is a nonprofit organization in Seattle, Washington dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of Puget Sound and Northwest Coast maritime heritage, expressed through educational programs and experiences available to the public aboard its ships. The organization owns three large historic vessels docked at the Historic Ships' Wharf in Seattle's Lake Union Park; the tugboat Arthur Foss (1889), Lightship 83 Swiftsure (1904), and the halibut fishing schooner Tordenskjold (1911). These vessels are used as platforms for a variety of public programs, ranging from tours and festivals to restoration workshops and vocational training.

Northwest Seaport is adjacent to the Center for Wooden Boats and the Museum of History and Industry on the south shore of Lake Union in downtown Seattle. These organizations have partnered in many public programs and events at Lake Union Park but are not affiliated with each other. Northwest Seaport also is not affiliated in any way with the Northwest Seaport Alliance, the joint port authority for the cities of Seattle and Tacoma, newly formed in 2015.

History of the organization
Northwest Seaport was founded in the early 1960s as the Save Our Ships project to save the 1897 Pacific schooner Wawona. Save Our Ships purchased Wawona in 1964, followed by Lightship 83 "Relief" in 1966 (subsequently changed to "Swiftsure" lightship station), and received the tugboat Arthur Foss as a donation from the Foss company in 1970.

Save Our Ships was based in Kirkland, on Lake Washington, throughout the 1970s, eventually changed its name to Northwest Seaport, and then relocated to its current site on Lake Union (on the edge of downtown Seattle) in the early 1980s.

Northwest Seaport has been a primarily volunteer organization throughout its half century of service. The decline of its flagship by the early 2000s, however, prompted the board of directors to focus on hiring professional staff to manage the ships and the organization.

Programs
Northwest Seaport offers programs ranging from public tours, festivals, and story times for toddlers to vocational training in the marine trades and traditional maritime music sing-alongs.

Historic fleet
The historic fleet at Lake Union Park's Historic Ships Wharf includes four vessels on the National Register of Historic Places: Two of these belong to Northwest Seaport. The other two belong to other non-profit organizations. Northwest Seaport's third vessel on the wharf is in the process of being nominated for NHL status.

Tugboat Arthur Foss
The tugboat Arthur Foss, built in 1889, is the oldest wooden-hulled tugboat afloat in the United States. In 1898, in response to the Klondike Gold Rush, she transported barges full of gold-seeking miners and supplies up the Inside Passage to Alaska. There are no other Alaska gold rush vessels still operating today. She was cast by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio to play in its 1933 production Tugboat Annie. In World War II, Arthur Foss journeyed south to join the war effort. Before the Battle of Wake Island began in December 1941, she was the last vessel to escape. After the war she was used in the timber industry until retirement in 1968.

The Arthur Foss has a six-cylinder, 700 hp diesel engine. Her top speed is 13 kn. The vessel is 120 ft long with a beam of 24.5 ft and a draft of 16 ft. When last operated the vessel was owned by Foss Launch and Tug (now Foss Maritime) who donated her to Northwest Seaport in 1970. The vessel was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989 and is a city landmark as well.

Lightship 83 "Swiftsure" (previously known as Relief)
Lightship #83, known to most by its station name, Swiftsure, is a lightvessel launched in Camden, New Jersey, in 1904. It served with the United States Lighthouse Service from 1904 to 1939 and then the United States Coast Guard from 1939 to 1960. The ship is now a museum vessel and is moored in Seattle, Washington.

In 1904–1905, LV-83 steamed around the tip of South America to her first station at Blunts Reef in California, where she saved 150 people when their ship ran aground in dense fog. In 1929, LV-83 was transferred to the San Francisco lightship station, changing the lettering on its side. It served as an armed patrol boat in WWII, then returned to lightship duty, and then in 1951 was transferred to Seattle and assigned the station name Relief, operating as the alternate, or relief vessel, for the newer primary lightships on the Columbia River bar, Umatilla Reef, and Swiftsure stations. Swiftsure refers to the Swiftsure Bank near the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca separating Washington and Vancouver Island.

Swiftsure is one of the oldest lightships in the country and the only one to have her original steam engine. She is 129 feet long, with a beam of 28 feet, six inches and a draft of 12 feet, six inches. Her displacement is 668 tons. Her aids to navigation include a 1,000 watt primary light, a 140-decibel Diaphone foghorn, and a 1,000 pound foredeck fog bell.

The ship was decommissioned in 1960, and purchased by Northwest Seaport in 1966. She is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989, and is on the Washington State Heritage Register. She is moored on Lake Union, in Seattle, Washington, for restoration.

Halibut Schooner Tordenskjold
The 1911 halibut schooner, Tordenskjold, joined the Northwest Seaport fleet in February 2017. It was built in Seattle's Ballard neighborhood by renown boatbuilder, John Strand, in 1911. Tordenskjold fished the North Pacific and Bering Sea for over 100 years, never missing a season. From 1911 to 1934 its crew of 14 used dories to longline for halibut and cod. Then, after dories were outlawed, longlines were deployed off the boat itself. In 1939 its second captain, Carl Serwold, rerigged the boat as a trawler. Sometimes fishing for himself and sometimes fishing under charter to the International Pacific Halibut Commission, Washington Fish and Game, or other entities, Tordenskjold caught shrimp, king crab, and shark. In 1979 the boat was purchased by Marvin Gjerde and Per Odegaard (owner & captain of the F/V Vansee). They re-rigged Tordenskjold as a longliner again and for the next three-and-a-half decades, Marvin Gjerde fished halibut and black cod again. Tordenskjold retired from active fishing at the end of the 2012 summer season. Gjerde and Odegaard donated Tordenskjold to Northwest Seaport in 2017. The boat is kept in operational condition and visits regional boat shows as Northwest Seaport's mobile ambassador.

Fishing troller Twilight
Twilight is a 36 ft fishing vessel. Launched from Seattle's Fishermen's Terminal in 1933, she trolled in the Pacific until the 1980s, and came to Northwest Seaport in 2000. Twilight is currently stored on shore while funds are raised for its restoration.

Schooner Wawona
The three-masted, fore-and-aft schooner Wawona sailed from 1897 to 1947 as a lumber carrier and later as a fishing vessel based in Puget Sound. The schooner was built in Fairhaven, on California's Humboldt Bay, by H.D. Bendixsen, one of the most important West Coast shipbuilders of the late 19th century. From 1897 to 1913, she carried lumber from Grays Harbor and Puget Sound ports to California. One of her captains, Ralph E. "Matt" Peasley, inspired a series of popular novels.

Wawona was 165 ft long on deck with a 35 ft beam. Her masts, stood 110 ft from the keel.

She was berthed at South Lake Union Park in Seattle adjacent to the Center for Wooden Boats. She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Washington State Heritage Register, and the vessel was an official city landmark. However, after efforts to restore the decaying ship failed, she was dismantled in March 2009. After conferring with many experts in the maritime heritage field, locally and across the nation, Northwest Seaport created a plan to preserve key artifacts from the vessel. Graduate students from East Carolina University's program in nautical archaeology documented the Wawona during the Wooden Boat Festival on 4–6 July 2008. In March 2009, the vessel was carefully deconstructed in a local shipyard and artifacts (including wooden knees, beams, and paneling) removed for storage and later display in on-land exhibits and memorials. Some parts of the Wawona were donated to be used on the C.A. Thayer in San Francisco.

title: Northwest Seaport


text: User talk:68.161.9.17

title: User talk:68.161.9.17


text:
Pontederiaceae

Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plants.

The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, in the monocots. It is a small family of heterostylous aquatic plants, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters. Charles Darwin was interested in the specialized form of heterostyly found in the family, known as tristyly. Not all of the species are heterostylous. The family contains two genera with around 40 known species.

It is best known for the water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes), which is an invasive species in many waterways. The highly modified Heteranthera gardneri is a submerged aquatic with a two-flowered pseudanthium.

Taxonomy
The two genera within this family are:

 * Heteranthera Ruiz & Pav. (including Eurystemon, Hydrothrix, Scholleropsis, and Zosterella)
 * Pontederia L. (including Eichhornia, Monochoria, and Reussia)

title: Pontederiaceae