text:
Talk:Great Mass in C minor, K. 427

Include mention of the completion
Surely, since the work's incompleteness is notable, a mention of the attempts by others to complete it should be included. I don't know how many versions there are, but a new one by a musicologist called Levin has just premiered at the Proms in London (saw it last night). Genedecanter 10:34, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

This is Mass No.18 not 17!!
(Fixed formatting, originally posted by User:Sean McHugh 02)
 * There seems to be some confusion with the ordinal numbering. List of Masses by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart says 18 and List_of_works_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart says 17.  The list that says 18 has a gap between K167 and K194 implying there may have been a work in between that was perhaps removed from the catalogue?  I have no idea.  Anyhow, the piano sonatas have a similar issue due to confusion about K533/K494.  For many genres, its best not to worry too much about ordinal numbers and focus on the K-numbers. DavidRF (talk) 18:26, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Name
Could this entry be renamed Mozart's "Great Mass in C minor without harm? I'm putting a mention of Mozart in the text. Wetman 22:04, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC) Five years later it's finally done! Actually, they went a little farther than you would've liked. Incarnatus (talk) 21:41, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

The lead
The lead in the de-WP does in my opinion more justice to one of the greatest pieces of music at all: "Die Große Messe in c-Moll von Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, KV 427 (früher 417a), entstand 1782 und ist, obwohl unvollendet, eine der herausragenden Messvertonungen der europäischen Musikgeschichte. Die Bezeichnung "Große Messe" ist ein späteres Attribut. Formal gehört das Werk zum Typus der Missa solemnis." translated: "The Great Mass in C Minor (in German: Große Messe in c-Moll) of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, KV 427 (KV 417a before), was composed in 1782 and is, although not completed, one of the supreme musical setting of the Mass in European classical music. The name Große Messe was added later. Formally it is a Missa solemnis." I would like to discuss this before changing the article. Concerns of the lead as at present: the number (17 or 18) that I consider irrelevant, the statement "best-known" (I know people who know many masses of Mozart but not this one thinking they are more or less all equal), and the statement "most widely performed" (that may be true for recordings), in church use the others - like the Coronation Mass - are more frequently performed, to my observation. Actually, I cannot see the C Minor performed in the liturgy - comparable to Bach's Mass in B Minor. I would like to see in the lead also the facts that Mozart composed (this) his latest mass not for a church commission but "on his own" and that it is scored for double chorus. Please discuss and help with the wording. We might also need an article on Missa solemnis, rather than saying it's the opposite of a Missa brevis. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 16:41, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I started changing (keeping the former lead hidden) but don't feel secure of the language to describe the importance of the work. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:45, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

Name...
While a few people are looking here, I have to wonder about the name. Should it really be called this? I mean, apparently the name simply refers to the fact it's not a missa brevis, so it seems pretty generic, but I dunno. I used to be at Great Mass in C minor (Mozart), but that doesn't seem perfect either. Thoughts? ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 13:45, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

Actually looking at that article, I was thinking of 'missa longa', which means 'Great' is just a nickname. We don't call Dvorak's 9th Symphony under New World Symphony and we don't call call Beethoven's 6th the Pastoral Symphony, or whatever else. Unfortunetly Mozart's mass numbers are confusing, and he wrote another one in minor...so hmmm. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 13:50, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It's been called "Große Messe" in German for a long time, not as a nickname, but to refer to its greatness. Mozart doesn't have to be added, there is only one, like only one Mass in B Minor. "Große" could be translated to Large also, but Great is common, compare recordings. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:02, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Mass in B minor is far worse and most certainly SHOULD be changed. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 23:25, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Both seem perfectly acceptable article names to me. They are supported by common usage. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 07:11, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I feel the same. Both works were not given a name by their composer, so we can use the common name that is unique. Mozart wrote above his music no more than "No I Andante moderato  K(yrie)  Di Wolfgango Amadeo Mozart", for example. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 22:46, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * How the hell is 'Mass in B minor' unique? ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 00:14, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Which other masses in B minor have an article on Wikipedia? That article is named this way since . If you don't agree, you should raise your concerns at that article's talk page. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 05:54, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

 * If you're all interested in arguing over small, nitpicky details, what about the fact that there is a link to "symphonic masses" as if clicking that link will tell you what a symphonic mass is? James470 (talk) 02:47, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

 * As long as people looking it up can find the information regardless of how they look it up, who cares? There are much worse problems with this article than what its filename on the server is. James470 (talk) 01:57, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Mozarts wife singing two parts?
I read at present that Mozart's wife sang "the soprano solos". I bet she didn't do both S I and S II. Can we find out which one, or otherwise just say "a soprano solo"? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 18:06, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * According to the book by Wolfgang Hildesheimer ("Mozart" - ISBN 902951972 - published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1977 - page 144 of the Dutch translation) Constanze Mozart sang first soprano at the premiere performance. Regards. Francesco Malipiero (talk) 18:35, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

Their strained relationship
"The Mass was written as a result of a vow Mozart made with himself in relation to his wife Constanze and his father Leopold and their strained relationship." - Could someone reword this please, to clarify who had a strained relationship. My English is not up to it. - Thanks for the answer above! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:36, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I have tried to clarify the above by changing the text completely in accordance with my source (no mention of a strained relationship anywhere though in this context). I also added that only the Kyrie and Gloria were performed at the premiere. Regards. Francesco Malipiero (talk) 17:27, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 18:37, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

What was performed in the premiere?
Next question: it's somewhere in my memory - unsourced - that no Credo was supposed to be performed the day of the premiere, because it was some Saint's day. That would be a pretty simple explanation why the Credo was left unfinished, - probably too simple. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 18:50, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I think the explanation for the unfinished state of the work is even more simple: Mozart simply lost interest in composing sacred music. When you check the list of his compositions, you will see that, after this incomplete mass and with a hiatus of approx eight years, he only composed two more sacred works: the Ave verum corpus (Mozart) (a very short work, composed for a friend), and the Requiem (Mozart), which was a commission, both composed in the last months of his life. Best. Francesco Malipiero (talk) 19:21, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * This is an old myth that has been debunked years ago: see the preface to the sixth volume of Masses in the NMA, for instance. Certainly the Kyrie KV 341 dates from the late Vienna years, probably from 1787 to 1791. Double sharp (talk) 05:31, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes and no. He had just performed some of the best sacred music writing, the Qui tollis for example. Unlike all his sacred music before, he had written this Mass without a commission, that shows interest to me. (I would go as far as saying he had not much interest in the "sacred" music he had written for Salzburg, with the major objective that it had to be short.) --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:21, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * If no Credo was performed, why did Constanze sing the "Et incarnatus est" at the première? Classical geographer (talk) 14:43, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I have checked and 26 October 1783 was a Sunday, so the Creed would have been sung. It was the 20th Sunday after Pentecost that year and, according to the Tridentine Calendar in force at the time, there was also a commemoration of St. Evaristus, Pope and Martyr. The singing of the Creed was required by the rubrics of the Missal, and would likely have been a mixture of Mozart's K427 and the remaining parts Gregorian Chant. Safebreaker (talk) 20:35, 22 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I recommend reading pages IX–XI ("Zur Entstehung, Aufführung und Bearbeitung") from the foreword of NMA vol. 5, (p. IX, p. X, p. XI). It's complicated, and more importantly, there are no sources that the Mass was performed there and then at all. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:50, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

Cohrs completion
The Cohrs completion is having its premiere tomorrow, 7 April 2012, in Melbourne, Australia. It's been described as the Mass's"world premiere", but that needs considerable qualification. --  Jack of Oz   [your turn]  23:03, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I like this one a lot: his suggested equivalences (Crucifixus = Tra l'oscure ombre funeste and Agnus Dei = Maurerische Trauermusik) make a lot of sense historically and musically in context. Double sharp (talk) 14:18, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Alois Schmitt
Alois Schmitt is the father of Georg Aloys Schmitt, the Aloys Schmitt who was alive to publish the completion. Ref: https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Schmitt,_Aloys Rwlesses (talk) 20:23, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Mass in C minor, K. 427


text:
Trent, Dorset

Trent is a village and civil parish in northwest Dorset, England, situated in the Yeo valley 4 mi northwest of Sherborne and four miles northeast of Yeovil. It was formerly in Somerset. In the 2011 census the parish—which includes the hamlets of Adber and Hummer to the north—had a population of 317.

The parish was part of the Somerset hundred of Horethorne.

Charles II of England stayed at Trent House for several days during his escape to France in 1651.

The Trent Estate is owned by the Ernest Cook Trust, purchased by Ernest Cook in 1935 as the first of a number of English estates he purchased for their protection. The village has good architecture from the Medieval, Tudor, and later periods, with many trees in the background. The church of St Andrew is architecturally interesting and the lateral tower is topped by one of the three ancient stone spires of Dorset. The church was built in the 13th century and enlarged in the 14th and 15th centuries. Restoration and refitting was done about 1840 in a pre-Victorian way. Features of interest include the rood screen, the pulpit of continental origin, the 16th century bench ends and the old painted glass in the east window.

People
General Henry Rawlinson who led the British army at the battle of the Somme was born and is buried in the village. Geoffrey Fisher, former Archbishop of Canterbury, lived at Trent when he served in his retirement from episcopacy as an honorary assisting curate until his death in 1972 and is also buried at Trent. The actresses Kristin Scott Thomas and Serena Scott Thomas spent their childhoods in Trent.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Trent, Dorset


text:
User talk:Alessandro~enwiki

Thank you so much, Alessandro, you are a very helpful user and a great artist, I hope to see more of your work. --Bishonen 22:07, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Image:Kok Bayraq.svg
Please, Alessandro, could you do something about this? They are deleting the Kök Bayraq ( Image:Kok Bayraq.svg, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Crimean_Tatar_flag_proportions.gif) from the WikiCommons (and from our pages)! For my part, I would not accept to choose between nothing and the Russian-like flag. Many thanks forward. ✓ Kanġi Oĥanko (talk) 05:41, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Alessandro~enwiki


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Two Hearts (Men at Work album)

Two Hearts is the third and final studio album by Australian rock group Men at Work, released on 23 April 1985. Drummer Jerry Speiser and bassist John Rees had left the band prior to the album's production, while guitarist Ron Strykert left the band during recording sessions. Touring behind the album saw sole remaining members Colin Hay and Greg Ham joined by guest musicians. It peaked at No. 16 in Australia, and No. 50 on the US chart.

Background
During 1984 the band took a break as members pursued other interests. Upon reconvening later that year, tensions during rehearsals between Hay and Speiser over songwriting and the band's management led to a split in the band. Both Rees and Speiser were told they were "not required", as Hay, Ham and Strykert used session musicians in their stead: primarily Jeremy Alsop on bass guitar (ex-Ram Band, Pyramid, Broderick Smith) and Mark Kennedy on drums (Spectrum, Ayers Rock, Marcia Hines). Strykert, though credited as a full band member on the finished album, left the group shortly before the album sessions ended, appearing on eight of the ten tracks.

Reception
Cash Box said "Australia's most successful (in America) pop band returns from a lengthy hiatus with a well-polished and oft times hard rocking effort which lends meat to the Men At Work legacy. Colin Hay's quirky and distinctive vocals and lyrics are still intact and the groups' execution is much improved. Look for a good response to the singles 'Everything I Need' and 'Man with Two Hearts'."

In a brief retrospective review, Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it "a bland, synthesized variation on mainstream pop, featuring none of the melodic sensibilities or subtle humor of their first two albums."

Tour
Hay and Ham hired new band mates to tour in support of Two Hearts, with Alsop and Kennedy joined by James Black on guitar and keyboards (Mondo Rock, The Black Sorrows). Soon after a third guitarist, Colin Bayley (Mi-Sex), was added and Kennedy was replaced on drums by Chad Wackerman (Frank Zappa). Australian singers Kate Ceberano and Renée Geyer had also worked on the album and performed live as guest vocalists. On 13 July 1985 Men at Work performed three tracks for the Oz for Africa concert (part of the global Live Aid program)—"Maria", "Overkill", and an unreleased one, "The Longest Night". They were broadcast in Australia (on both Seven Network and Nine Network) and on MTV in the US. "Maria" and "Overkill" were also broadcast by American Broadcasting Company (ABC) during their Live Aid telecast. Ham left during the band's time touring behind the album. The final Men at Work performances during 1985 had jazz saxophonist Paul Williamson (The Black Sorrows), replacing Ham. By early 1986 the band was defunct and Hay started recording his first solo album, Looking for Jack (January 1987), which had Alsop and Wackerman as session musicians.

Personnel

 * Men at Work
 * Greg Ham - keyboards; saxophone; drum programming on "Giving Up", "Snakes and Ladders", and "Still Life"; lead vocals on "Giving Up", "Stay at Home", and "Still Life"; backing vocals on "Everything I Need"
 * Colin Hay - acoustic guitar; electric guitar (except on "Sail to You", "Hard Luck Story", and "Still Life"); drum programming (except on "Snakes and Ladders" and "Still Life"); lead vocals (except on "Giving Up", "Stay at Home", and "Still Life"); backing vocals; additional keyboards and marimba on "Man With Two Hearts"; electric sitar on "Maria"; bass and piano on "Hard Luck Story"; drums on "Everything I Need" and "Hard Luck Story"
 * Ron Strykert - electric and steel guitars (except on "Everything I Need" and "Snakes and Ladders"); acoustic guitar on "Maria"; bass on "Man With Two Hearts"

 * Session musicians
 * Jeremy Alsop - bass (except on "Man With Two Hearts", "Everything I Need", and "Hard Luck Story")
 * James Black - guitar on "Snakes and Ladders"
 * George Butrumlis - piano accordion on "Maria"
 * Kate Ceberano - backing vocals on "Giving Up" and "Stay at Home"
 * Phil Colson - slide guitar on "Everything I Need"
 * Paul Gadsby - bass on "Everything I Need"
 * Renée Geyer - lead vocal on "Maria"
 * J.J. Hacket - drums and percussion on "Maria"
 * Mark Kennedy - percussion; drums on "Man With Two Hearts", "Giving Up", "Sail to You", and "Stay at Home"

 * Production
 * Colin Hay, Greg Ham - Producers
 * Russell Deppeler - Management
 * Colin Hay, Greg Ham, Bob Clearmountain - Mixing, except "Children on Parade"
 * Tim Kramer, Colin Hay, Greg Ham - Mixing, "Children on Parade"

title: Two Hearts (Men at Work album)


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User talk:JoBjørn

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Whosyourjudas (talk) 22:08, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
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Image:Seamus profil aug02.jpg
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:Seamus profil aug02.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the image and I'll tag it for you. Thanks so much, – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 15:42, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JoBjørn


text:
User talk:Necatrix Regina

Welcome
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 22:09, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

From Necie
Nice name, I love also Killer Queen, though never before in latin...

Necie B 14:34, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Necatrix Regina


text:
Division of Brand

The Division of Brand is an Australian electoral division in Perth, Western Australia. Brand was first created in 1984 and is named after Sir David Brand, Premier of Western Australia 1959-71. Brand governed Western Australia at a time when the state was developing its new mining and industrial base.

According to the 2006 census, Brand is the electorate with the lowest proportion (12.6%) of residents with a university qualification.

The current MP is Madeleine King, a member of the Australian Labor Party. She was first elected in 2016. Brand has remained a Labor stronghold since its inception, having never supported the Coalition.

Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.

History
The seat was created for the 1984 federal election from parts of the Divisions of Fremantle and Canning to cater for substantial population growth in the Rockingham–Mandurah coastal area south of the state capital Perth. Initially it included country areas to the south and southeast, such as agricultural regions in the Shires of Murray, Waroona and Harvey and the mining town of Collie, and was significantly more marginal for Labor—made abundantly clear by Labor's near-defeat in the seat at the 1996 federal election. The redistribution for the 1998 election saw the electorate become an entirely urban seat, retreating north of the Peel Estuary to roughly its present boundaries, and the seat has been safe Labor ever since.

Brand has had four members —two of whom had previously been sitting members for other seats. Wendy Fatin had been the member for Canning for a single term prior to the creation of Brand, and went on to win in four successive elections, becoming Minister for the Arts in the early 1990s. Upon her retirement from politics, Kim Beazley, who had been Minister for Defence in the Hawke government until 1990 and had several portfolios before becoming Deputy Prime Minister to Paul Keating in 1995, was preselected for the seat following 16 years as member for the marginal seat of Swan which polling suggested the party was certain to lose. At the 1996 election, Beazley won by just 387 votes against Liberal candidate Penny Hearne, who was later to quit the party and run as an independent against Court minister Doug Shave in the 1996 state election for the seat of Alfred Cove. The third member was Gary Gray, from 2007 to 2016. On 25 March 2013, Gray was appointed to the Australian Cabinet as the Minister for Resources and Energy, the Minister for Tourism, and the Minister for Small Business. From 2010 until 2013, Gray served as the Special Minister of State and the Minister for the Public Service and Integrity.

The redistribution for the 2010 federal election made the seat slightly more secure for Labor by transferring some 12,000 Mandurah voters to the neighbouring Division of Canning. A redistribution ahead of the 2016 election removed the seat's share of Mandurah altogether, increasing the Labor majority from 52 percent to 54 percent.

Gray retired in 2016, and Madeleine King retained the seat for Labor on a swing just under 8 percent.

In the 2021 redistribution, the electoral boundaries of Brand were left unchanged. Consequently, the 2016 boundaries continued to apply as of the 2022 election.

Geography
Since the 2016 election, the division has consisted of enrolled voters resident in the City of Kwinana and the City of Rockingham. Suburbs presently included are:

City of Kwinana

 * Anketell
 * Bertram
 * Calista
 * Casuarina
 * Hope Valley
 * Kwinana Beach
 * Kwinana Town Centre
 * Leda
 * Mandogalup
 * Medina
 * Naval Base
 * Orelia
 * Parmelia
 * Postans
 * The Spectacles
 * Wandi
 * Wellard

City of Rockingham

 * Baldivis
 * Cooloongup
 * East Rockingham
 * Garden Island
 * Golden Bay
 * Hillman
 * Karnup
 * Keralup (part)
 * Peron
 * Port Kennedy
 * Rockingham
 * Safety Bay
 * Secret Harbour
 * Shoalwater
 * Singleton
 * Waikiki
 * Warnbro

Election results
{{legend|#DE3533|Labor}} {{legend|#0047AB|Liberal}}
 * {{legend|#006644|National}}

{{legend|#00A651|Greens}} {{legend|#FFCD00|Australian Democrats}} {{legend|#F36C21|One Nation}} {{legend|#FFED00|Palmer United/United Australia Party}} {{legend|#0080FF|Rise Up Australia}} {{legend|#00A693|Liberals for Forests}}

title: Division of Brand


text:
Turners Puddle

Turners Puddle is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Affpuddle and Turnerspuddle, in the Dorset district, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. It is situated on the River Piddle, 7 mi north west of Wareham. In 2001 the parish had a population of 60. On 1 April 2010 the parish was abolished and merged with Affpuddle to form "Affpuddle and Turnerspuddle". In the 2011 census this joint parish had 200 households and a population of 436.

The parish includes Clouds Hill, a cottage that was the home of T. E. Lawrence and is now run by the National Trust.

title: Turners Puddle


text:
User talk:Davidweman

Welcome
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Whosyourjudas (talk) 22:10, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thank you.

Davidweman 22:18, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Vandalism
Note that removing paragraphs you don't like is vandalism.--Wiglaf 16:52, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Er, no.

Live translation subtitling in Sweden?
Hi David. In the comment to your recent edit of Subtitle, you say that live translation subtitling is not uncommon in Sweden. Is that true? Aren't you confusing it with live Swedish-Swedish subtitling? If you're not, could you please give me a few examples, as I've never heard of it, although I've worked in the subtitling industry for 20 years. Best regards Thomas Blomberg 12:12, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

I can't give you any examples, but I vaguely remember SVT doing it on a few important press conferences. I don't think it's done more than once or twice a year, tops. It is uncommon, but not quite as uncommon as the sentence I edited made it out to be.

Davidweman 13:01, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidweman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Duck Chiefs

Duck Chiefs
Obscure juvenile league ball hockey team. --LeeHunter 22:10, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, no potential to become encyclopedic — siro  χ  o  22:17, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Postdlf 22:25, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Kid vanity. Geogre 02:56, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 20:49, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with above. RaD Man 06:41, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg 05:19, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Ennepe

The Ennepe is a river, and a left tributary of the Volme in Northern Sauerland, Germany.

It gave its name to the town Ennepetal, and the district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis.

Course of River
The Ennepe begins in the Märkischer Kreis southeast of Halver, at 422 m above sea level, and continues to the Ennepetalsperre (reservoir, 307 m above sea level).

The river flows through Ennepetal, Gevelsberg, and the western boroughs of Hagen.

It flows into the Volme, near Hagen Central Station (elevation: 99 m above sea level).

Parts of the river are canalized.

Flora and fauna
The Ennepe provides habitat for numerous animal and plant types.

Among are fishes, the grey heron, neophyte plants, and Orange Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis, in Hagen).

Industrial use
In the pre-industrial age, several mills were built alongside the river.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, several small iron plants were operated there.

title: Ennepe


text: File:Men at Work - Brazil.jpg

title: File:Men at Work - Brazil.jpg


text:
User talk:Victortan

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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Double licencing images
Greetings !

I would like to know whether you would consider double-licencing your images under the CC-by-sa-2.5 licence, which is quite similar to the GFDL, but more practical for images. See this article if you want to see how. Thank you very much ! Rama 06:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Book:Basic I

The book Book:Basic I has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern: "Proposed deletion (books). Random articles on many different subjects with plausible test title."

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, books may be deleted for several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the book's talk page.

Please consider improving the book to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes still exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and the miscellany for deletion process allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Trialpears (talk) 22:51, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Victortan


text:
User talk:Gvallee~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gvallee. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gvallee~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:12, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gvallee~enwiki


text: User talk:69.157.106.112

title: User talk:69.157.106.112


text:
Turnworth

Turnworth is a small village and civil parish in north Dorset, England, situated on the Dorset Downs 5 mi west of Blandford Forum. It consists of a few cottages and farmhouses scattered around a church and manor house. In 2013 the civil parish had an estimated population of 30.

In 1086 in the Domesday Book Turnworth was recorded as Torneworde; it had 19 households, was in Pimperne Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Alfred of 'Spain'.

The church, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt in the 19th century with assistance from Thomas Hardy, who designed the capitals and possibly also the corbels. Hardy described Turnworth's position as being "stood in a hole, but the hole is full of beauty", and he used Turnworth House as the inspiration for Hintock House in his novel The Woodlanders.

Nearby is Ringmoor, an ancient settlement on the top of the scarp face of the downs.

The manor house in the area is Turnworth House, which was demolished in 1947.

title: Turnworth


text:
Talk:Foreign branding

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Foreign branding. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080213211543/http://www.getcustoms.com:80/2004XE/Articles/ga-2004-01-12.html to http://www.getcustoms.com/2004XE/Articles/ga-2004-01-12.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:32, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

Hey, is the isotonic sports' drink (and brand) "OSHEE" that is mostly sold in European countries, elegible for this page? It sounds really similar to the japanese word oishii (romanization of "おいしい"), meaning "tasty", "delicious". I'm not sure if that was their goal or inspiration for the brand name, so I am reluctant to adding it yet. Also, on such an unpopular page I doubt I will get any responses, but.. 95.169.216.155 (talk) 08:08, 4 September 2016 (UTC)
 * i think the connection is too tenuous because the spelling doesnt match. i'd like to make a list of these too, ....   i saw a heating appliance company near me with an ø in its name even though it is almost certainly locally owned and thus American.  it makes perfect sense .... nordic people live in cold climates, so of course they make the best heating appliances.
 * there could be thousands of tiny companies doing this.  but i think an exhaustive list doesnt really help people learn about the topic ... it would be more appropriate for an entertainment website, maybe even a personal website, rather than wikipedia. — Soap — 15:57, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

Brother
Brother Industries, makers of printers and copiers, is a Japanese company. Theyve been using that name even in Japan since 1962. Could fit in the same category as Roland. — Soap — 16:01, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foreign branding


text: Talk:Two Hearts (Men at Work album)

title: Talk:Two Hearts (Men at Work album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Uh-Huh! Girls

The Uh-Huh! Girls
Article about Ray Charles' backup singers in a series of Pepsi commercials. Remember them? —tregoweth 22:17, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge with diet pepsi. Fuelbottle | Talk 23:07, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Ray Charles is a lot more important than that, and the "girls" were a concoction. Meanwhile, their notability is, I think, a good example of where "teh" is going to be in 2-3 years. Geogre 02:57, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Then come back and delete it in 2-3 years. Meanwhile, delete this one.  Fishal 06:28, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * If you agree that each of these ephemeral knee slappers take a tag saying, then I'll agree.  Otherwise, "coming back" to them is a joke. The entire "leet" canon will vanish like a stain on the ashphalt. Geogre 13:12, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. --*drew 13:15, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. --Improv 20:49, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge. GRider 19:40, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. - I remember them, but did not know the details. Intrigue 20:16, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. Not notable. --Jerzy(t) 13:29, 2004 Oct 22 (UTC)
 * Keep - these are real people. The Recycling Troll 20:39, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Deltax

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]]

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title: User talk:Deltax


text:
Warmwell

Warmwell is a small village and civil parish in south west Dorset, England, situated on the B3390 road about 5 mi southeast of Dorchester. In 2013 the estimated population of the parish was 80.

Warmwell contains several historic buildings, including a Jacobean manor house, and from May 1937 was the home of RAF Station Woodsford airfield (later renamed RAF Warmwell), which is now a popular holiday site and contains a caravan park and several other small businesses.

title: Warmwell


text:
Gatecrasher

Gatecrasher is an international clubbing brand made famous by the "Gatecrasher" (later "Crasher") dance music events, which were held at the Republic nightclub in Sheffield, UK during the late 1990s and early 2000s. The promoters of the brand were Simon Raine and Simon Oates and, until 2004, Scott Bond. By August 2014, the only Gatecrasher venue remaining was located in the United Kingdom city of Birmingham. This venue was closed down permanently by the authorities on 25 November 2015.

Conception
During the early 1990s, Scott Bond was a DJ for nightclubs in Birmingham. In approximately 1992, Bond met Simon Raine who was the manager of a club called Bakers at the time. Bond subsequently agreed to become the new resident DJ at Bakers, while Raine focused on the promotion of a new club night called Absolutely Ridiculous. In 1993, Bond started his own night at Bakers called Republica and later that year, the pair decided to collaborate on a new one-off event named Gatecrasher.

Early years
Gatecrasher was first held as a one-off event in 1993 in the West Midlands at the Tardebigge Engine House. The night originally took its form from similar local clubs such as Fun, Wobble, Miss Moneypenny's and C.R.E.A.M. The club later moved to Bakers nightclub on Broad Street, Birmingham but became so popular that larger events were organised in other locations in and around the West Midlands.

Due to a large number of similar nights in the Birmingham area, the event was relocated to the northern city of Sheffield. The event was initially held in the Leadmill, then at The Arches, before moving to The Adelphi.

Superclub years
In 1996 Gatecrasher started to use a nightclub in the city centre called The Republic for one-off events such as New Year's Eve; in 1997 the event moved to the venue permanently. Gatecrasher bought the venue in Sheffield later that year.

Gatecrasher offered an all-night event, with big-name DJs throughout the night, with Judge Jules as resident DJ. This attracted people from all over the country who liked a style of music that was originally Techno and House oriented. The door admittance policy was notoriously strict, seemingly turning people away for no apparent reason. Instead of discouraging people to attend, this policy only made the event more popular as gaining admittance to the club only added to the sense of excitement. The door policy also ensured that only dedicated and enthusiastic clubbers gained access. This resulted in a clientele and atmosphere that was rare at that time in any club in the UK. The door policy, and fashion at the end of the 1990s, encouraged people to dress in a flamboyant style to ensure entry to the night. The club developed a cult following (Crasher Kids) who in turn developed their own style of fashion, identifiable by fluorescent clothes, dummies, and spiky hair. Scott Bond's style of dance music was reflected in the DJs booked for the nights and at the end of the 1990s, Gatecrasher was instrumental in the rise of trance music with the use of DJs like Ferry Corsten.

In 1998, Gatecrasher joined forces with the London nightclub Ministry of Sound and held its first outdoor festival at Lotherton Hall in Leeds, which was also broadcast on BBC Radio 1. In the same year, the event received the Club of the Year award at the Ericsson Muzik Magazine Dance Awards, winning it again in 1999, and Gatecrasher CD Black was released. Gatecrasher has won other awards, including, The Guardian's and Times Club of the Year award in 1999, BEDA Awards Event of the Year category in 1999, Mixmag's Crowd of the Year award in 1998 and Ministry Magazine Club of the Year award in 1999.

The Lotherton Hall event was repeated in 1999, but Gatecrasher organised it alone; the event was again broadcast on BBC Radio 1. During the same year, Gatecrasher began a nine-year relationship with Sheffield's Designers Republic studio for the production of the nightclub brand's artwork. Gatecrasher also bought the Music Factory nightclub in Sheffield in 1999 and renamed it Bed. The music at Bed was mainly house music, with the club's promotion aimed at consumers who were older and more sophisticated than the typical Gatecrasher attendee. American house music DJ Roger Sanchez celebrated his birthday with a seven-hour DJ set at Bed in May 2004.

During a visit to South Africa, Gatecrasher performed to sold-out venues at Wembley Stadium in Johannesburg and The Dockside in Cape Town. Gatecrasher has toured around the world to: Europe, Australia, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan.

Gatecrasher's 2000GC Millennium Eve event was held at the Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield and attracted 25,000 people. The event was held in a portable structure called Tensile 1, designed by Rudi Enos (given a Guinness World Record for Largest Portable Event Venue) and had ten operational bars, several spanning over 25 metres. According to Gatecrasher promoter Simon Raine, 2000GC was: "ten years of promoting parties, ten years of production knowledge, and ten years of contacts all put into one very special night."

Gatecrasher relocated its summer festival to Turweston Airfield near Brackley, Northamptonshire. The renamed Summer Sound System event was held in June 2000. Gatecrasher then launched its own record label in 2001, followed by the release of the first album Digital.

On 19 May 2001, South Yorkshire Police made a drugs raid on the Republic nightclub, making 13 arrests and seizing "a substantial amount" of drugs. Around 800 clubbers were ejected from the premises after 160 officers entered it.

Reinventing the brand
By late 2003, reflecting a widespread decline in UK super club attendance, the Gatecrasher event changed from a monthly event to one held only on special occasions, such as Bank Holidays. In order for Gatecrasher to continue, the company began to focus on the nightclub market and not just single events. In 2003, the company re-branded The Republic, completely refitted the club, and renamed it "Gatecrasher One", in preparation for another ten new Gatecrasher venues around the UK. At the same time, the actual club night was renamed Crasher and the Bed nightclub was closed.

In September 2005 the company opened a new club in Leeds under the name Discothèque. In 2007, Gatecrasher bought Media nightclub in Nottingham, and after a million pound refurbishment, relaunched the venue as Gatecrasher Nottingham.

On the evening of 18 June 2007, Gatecrasher One caught fire and partially collapsed. Only a small number of staff were in the building at the time and the building was evacuated safely. No official cause or explanation for the fire was released. Further inspections by structural engineers revealed that the building was beyond repair and that any attempt to restore the building would be unsafe, so the buildings were demolished.

Gatecrasher in Leeds was rebranded as Gatecrasher7 in 2007. The downstairs room was fully overhauled and branded as BED. In September 2008, Gatecrasher opened a 5 million pound superclub in Birmingham, UK that was designed by Callin Fortis of Big Time Design Studios. Also in 2009, Gatecrasher Loves Nottingham was re-branded as "Gatecrasher Ultra" and their Watford venue, "Area", was re-designed.

Since the fire at Gatecrasher One, Gatecrasher have held one-off events at the Magna Centre near Rotherham and Carling Academy in Sheffield.

In 2010, the company announced a new £5 million reopening of Gatecrasher One, subject to planning approval. However, this was later refused by Sheffield City Council. The decision is now being appealed by Gatecrasher.

Controversy and administration
Gatecrasher7 in Leeds was shut down on 29 March 2011, after its licence was revoked earlier in the year due to a spate of violence and a stabbing. Gatecrasher successfully appealed its licence revocation and the Leeds club re-opened at the end of 2011. Re-branded as Bed Nightclub, the re-opening was based on the condition that metal detectors were installed, and only plastic glasses were used.

Based in Birmingham, the Gatecrasher company entered administration in August 2013 after amassing debts of more than £3.5 million. Administrators Duff and Phelps published a report in which they explained that under the names "Tiptoptap Ltd" and "Late Night Watford Ltd", the Gatecrasher owners incurred operating losses of £1.1 million from June 2012, to 31 March 2013. Furthermore, the report stated that in excess of £500,000 was owed to HM Revenue and Customs, while the Birmingham Mail news publication also published another debt of £3 million that was owed to the Barclays banking and financial services company (an August 2014 company statement denied the Barclays debt). Raine explained to the media that over 300 jobs would be retained during the transition to a newly formed limited company called "Gatecrasher (Birmingham) Ltd", stating:

The transfer of the business to the new company, along with extensive corporate restructuring and refunding of the business, has enabled Gatecrasher to progress on a secure financial footing. The restructuring was the only option available to ensure the continued viability and growth of the business and also preserve jobs.

In September 2013, the Leeds Magistrates Court found Gatecrasher guilty of selling counterfeit alcohol after the West Yorkshire Trading Standards visited the Bed venue on 11 September 2012 in response to complaints. The officers confiscated 656 litres from the premises, the largest seizure of fake alcohol by the Standards Office at the time, and subsequent tests revealed that the alcohol contained isopropanol, tertiary butanol and chloroform. The Court fined Gatecrasher £5000, with costs of £2095.67.

Redbrick, the student publication of the University of Birmingham, published an article in October 2013 that provided further information about the University's Guild of Students' boycott of Gatecrasher due to a significant debt that was outstanding at the time. In an official statement, The Birmingham University's Guild claimed that the company owed both the Guild and student groups a total amount of around £28,000. the statement concluded: "student groups are no longer able to work with the venue so that we take a collective approach. This decision has been made in the best interests of both students and student groups." In an August 2014 official statement, Gatecrasher claimed that the Guild declined the "full payment" offered by the company.

Following a reported €3 million refurbishment, the Gatecrasher Ibiza venue was opened in 2014 on Ibiza in the space that was previously the venue for the Eden club. The opening night was held on 29 May 2014 and featured artists such as Aly & Fila and Mistajam.

Gatecrasher Ibiza failed to open on 29 August for what was its flagship night, this following a gradual reduction in opening over the previous weeks.

At the beginning of August 2014, the Beatsmedia music company published an article on its website titled "GATECRASHER: THE GATE THAT FINALLY CRASHED!!!" after it received complaints from anonymous members of the music industry who claimed that they have been mistreated by the company. On its website, Beatsmedia explained that it was borne of "a desire to help link musicians who work hard", while its article aims to give "a voice to the people affected" by Gatecrashers alleged conduct—Beatsmedia also claim that Gatecrasher ignored the "public's outrage". Complaints against Gatecrasher were also made on social media platforms including comments made by artists; for example, the Super8 & Tab group claimed on Facebook, in response to the cancellation of their Ibiza performance that "they [Gatecrasher] have simply failed to stick to contractual agreements and book travel for the artists".

Gatecrasher responded with an official statement on its own website, stating that "sensationalist online portals and blogs" had been furthering "their own selfish pursuits". The statement explains that the Beatsmedia article is "being dealt with", as it contains "false facts" that are "libelous". The company responded to the key allegations in the Beatsmedia article and invited anyone who was still owed money from the 2013 administration process to contact Duff and Phelps directly or email Gatecrasher's Accounts Department. In terms of Ibiza, the statement explains that the company was forced to make programmatic changes in accordance with what "the market dictates" and claims that all consumers who were entitled to a refund have been paid. Writing for the TranceFixxed website, Tim Turner concludes:

For the sake of all parties, I hope that Gatecrasher not only survives this but thrives. But for this to happen, it cannot be at the expense of other people. The music community needs to give Gatecrasher time and encouragement how to turn itself around. Gatecrasher in turn needs to listen to the public dissatisfaction, take on board the constructive criticism, learn from its own past mistakes and work with (and not against) the music community. The public claims and counterclaims and general 'chucking of toys from the pram' is great entertainment for social media, but a company at war with its customers does not remain a company in business for very long...

Gatecrasher's Broad Street Club was shut down on 31 October 2015 the result of a stabbing and alleged brawl involving security staff. This was the second closing in three months. The victim was stabbed in the leg and security staff were accused of using makeshift weapons in a brawl with a group of customers. Superintendent Andrew Beard, of West Midlands Police, said the force would be asking for the full revocation of the licence at a full hearing on 25 November 2015. On 25 November, Birmingham City Council revoked Gatecrasher's licence to operate. The Deltic Group is in discussions with Gatecrasher about taking over operations of the venue.

Return to Sheffield
Gatecrasher has penciled a return to the old site of Kingdom nightclubs on Burgess Street in Q3/4 of 2016. This however is only a temporary lease until the site is fully demolished to make way for redevelopment in line with the council plans for the town centre. This is expected to help Gatecrasher secure a better, more permanent home in Sheffield following the loss of the original venue, Gatecrasher One (formally The Republic) when planning permission is sought.

Past resident DJs

 * Judge Jules
 * Scott Bond
 * Paul Van Dyk
 * DJ Tiesto
 * Matt Hardwick
 * Corey
 * Sandy Turnbull
 * Nick Riley (Riley & Durrant)
 * Eddie Halliwell
 * Ashley Casselle
 * Ashley Beedle
 * Dino
 * Trophy Twins
 * The Funk Junkies
 * Will Holland

Discography
The popularity of the Gatecrasher brand is partly due to the large number of compilation albums having been released. The first seven albums were released on the Sony offshoot label INCredible. The album Gatecrasher's Trance Anthems (1993–2009) achieved gold status.

title: Gatecrasher


text:
Catechin

Catechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids.

The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f).

Chemistry
Catechin possesses two benzene rings (called the A and B rings) and a dihydropyran heterocycle (the C ring) with a hydroxyl group on carbon 3. The A ring is similar to a resorcinol moiety while the B ring is similar to a catechol moiety. There are two chiral centers on the molecule on carbons 2 and 3. Therefore, it has four diastereoisomers. Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin.

The most common catechin isomer is (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (−)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common epicatechin isomer is (−)-epicatechin (also known under the names L -epicatechin, epicatechol, (−)-epicatechol, L -acacatechin, L -epicatechol, epicatechin, 2,3-cis-epicatechin or (2R,3R)-(−)-epicatechin).

The different epimers can be separated using chiral column chromatography.

Making reference to no particular isomer, the molecule can just be called catechin. Mixtures of the different enantiomers can be called (±)-catechin or DL -catechin and (±)-epicatechin or DL -epicatechin.

Catechin and epicatechin are the building blocks of the proanthocyanidins, a type of condensed tannin.

Moreover, the flexibility of the C-ring allows for two conformation isomers, putting the B-ring either in a pseudoequatorial position (E conformer) or in a pseudoaxial position (A conformer). Studies confirmed that (+)-catechin adopts a mixture of A- and E-conformers in aqueous solution and their conformational equilibrium has been evaluated to be 33:67.

As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their antioxidant potential is low. The ability to quench singlet oxygen seems to be in relation with the chemical structure of catechin, with the presence of the catechol moiety on ring B and the presence of a hydroxyl group activating the double bond on ring C.

Oxidation
Electrochemical experiments show that (+)-catechin oxidation mechanism proceeds in sequential steps, related with the catechol and resorcinol groups and the oxidation is pH-dependent. The oxidation of the catechol 3′,4′-dihydroxyl electron-donating groups occurs first, at very low positive potentials, and is a reversible reaction. The hydroxyl groups of the resorcinol moiety oxidised afterwards were shown to undergo an irreversible oxidation reaction.

The laccase/ABTS system oxidizes (+)-catechin to oligomeric products of which proanthocyanidin A2 is a dimer.

Natural occurrences
(+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin as well as their gallic acid conjugates are ubiquitous constituents of vascular plants, and frequent components of traditional herbal remedies, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla. The two isomers are mostly found as cacao and tea constituents, as well as in Vitis vinifera grapes.

In food
The main dietary sources of catechins in Europe and the United States are tea and pome fruits.

Catechins and epicatechins are found in cocoa, which, according to one database, has the highest content (108 mg/100 g) of catechins among foods analyzed, followed by prune juice (25 mg/100 ml) and broad bean pod (16 mg/100 g). Açaí oil, obtained from the fruit of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), contains (+)-catechins (67 mg/kg).

Catechins are diverse among foods, from peaches to green tea and vinegar. Catechins are found in barley grain where they are the main phenolic compound responsible for dough discoloration. The taste associated with monomeric (+)-catechin or (−)-epicatechin is described as slightly astringent, but not bitter.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of catechin begins with ma 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA starter unit which undergoes chain extension by the addition of three malonyl-CoAs through a PKSIII pathway. 4-Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA is biosynthesized from L -phenylalanine through the Shikimate pathway. L -Phenylalanine is first deaminated by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) forming cinnamic acid which is then oxidized to 4-hydroxycinnamic acid by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase. Chalcone synthase then catalyzes the condensation of 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA and three molecules of malonyl-CoA to form chalcone. Chalcone is then isomerized to naringenin by chalcone isomerase which is oxidized to eriodictyol by flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase and further oxidized to taxifolin by flavanone 3-hydroxylase. Taxifolin is then reduced by dihydroflavanol 4-reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase to yield catechin. The biosynthesis of catechin is shown below

Leucocyanidin reductase (LCR) uses 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin to produce (+)-catechin and is the first enzyme in the proanthocyanidin (PA) specific pathway. Its activity has been measured in leaves, flowers, and seeds of the legumes Medicago sativa, Lotus japonicus, Lotus uliginosus, Hedysarum sulfurescens, and Robinia pseudoacacia. The enzyme is also present in Vitis vinifera (grape).

Biodegradation
Catechin oxygenase, a key enzyme in the degradation of catechin, is present in fungi and bacteria.

Among bacteria, degradation of (+)-catechin can be achieved by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Catechin is metabolized to protocatechuic acid (PCA) and phloroglucinol carboxylic acid (PGCA). It is also degraded by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is further decarboxylated to phloroglucinol, which is dehydroxylated to resorcinol. Resorcinol is hydroxylated to hydroxyquinol. Protocatechuic acid and hydroxyquinol undergo intradiol cleavage through protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase to form β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid and maleyl acetate.

Among fungi, degradation of catechin can be achieved by Chaetomium cupreum.

Metabolism in humans

Catechins are metabolised upon uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, in particular the jejunum, and in the liver, resulting in so-called structurally related epicatechin metabolites (SREM). The main metabolic pathways for SREMs are glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation of the catechol group by catechol-O-methyl transferase, with only small amounts detected in plasma. The majority of dietary catechins are however metabolised by the colonic microbiome to gamma-valerolactones and hippuric acids which undergo further biotransformation, glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation in the liver.

The stereochemical configuration of catechins has a strong impact on their uptake and metabolism as uptake is highest for (−)-epicatechin and lowest for (−)-catechin.

Biotransformation
Biotransformation of (+)-catechin into taxifolin by a two-step oxidation can be achieved by Burkholderia sp.

(+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin are transformed by the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. into the 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives, (+)-(2R,3S,4S)-3,4,5,7,3′,4′-hexahydroxyflavan (leucocyanidin) and (−)-(2R,3R,4R)-3,4,5,7,3′,4′-hexahydroxyflavan, respectively, whereas (−)-catechin and (+)-epicatechin with a (2S)-phenyl group resisted the biooxidation.

Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) uses (2R,3S)-catechin, NADP+ and H2O to produce 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin, NADPH, and H+. Its gene expression has been studied in developing grape berries and grapevine leaves.

Glycosides

 * (2R,3S)-Catechin-7-O-β- D -glucopyranoside can be isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt.
 * Epigeoside (catechin-3-O-α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1–4)-β- D -glucopyranosyl-(1–6)-β- D -glucopyranoside) can be isolated from the rhizomes of Epigynum auritum.

Vascular function
Only limited evidence from dietary studies indicates that catechins may affect endothelium-dependent vasodilation which could contribute to normal blood flow regulation in humans. Green tea catechins may improve blood pressure, especially when systolic blood pressure is above 130 mmHg.

Due to extensive metabolism during digestion, the fate and activity of catechin metabolites responsible for this effect on blood vessels, as well as the actual mode of action, are unknown.

Adverse events
Catechin and its metabolites can bind tightly to red blood cells and thereby induce the development of autoantibodies, resulting in haemolytic anaemia and renal failure. This resulted in the withdrawal of the catechin-containing drug Catergen, used to treat viral hepatitis, from market in 1985.

Catechins from green tea can be hepatotoxic and the European Food Safety Authority has recommended not to exceed 800 mg per day.

Other
One limited meta-analysis showed that increasing consumption of green tea and its catechins to seven cups per day provided a small reduction in prostate cancer. Nanoparticle methods are under preliminary research as potential delivery systems of catechins.

Botanical effects
Catechins released into the ground by some plants may hinder the growth of their neighbors, a form of allelopathy. Centaurea maculosa, the spotted knapweed often studied for this behavior, releases catechin isomers into the ground through its roots, potentially having effects as an antibiotic or herbicide. One hypothesis is that it causes a reactive oxygen species wave through the target plant's root to kill root cells by apoptosis. Most plants in the European ecosystem have defenses against catechin, but few plants are protected against it in the North American ecosystem where Centaurea maculosa is an invasive, uncontrolled weed.

Catechin acts as an infection-inhibiting factor in strawberry leaves. Epicatechin and catechin may prevent coffee berry disease by inhibiting appressorial melanization of Colletotrichum kahawae.

title: Catechin


text:
Jessica Durlacher

Jessica Durlacher (born 6 September 1961) is a Dutch literary critic, columnist and novelist.

Her father is the sociologist and writer Gerhard Durlacher, who survived the Auschwitz concentration camp. She is married to novelist Leon de Winter and they have two children, Moos and Moon (Solomonica).

Jessica Durlacher writes book reviews and columns for several magazines, such as Vrij Nederland.

She made her debut as a novelist in 1997 with Het Geweten (The Conscience), following with De Dochter (The Daughter) in 2000. Both novels are about children of Holocaust survivors. Her third novel, Emoticon, was published in 2004. The story is set against the background of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Her novels have been translated into German, Swedish, Russian and Italian.

In the fall of 2005 she was a co-professor, together with Johan Snapper and Leon de Winter, at Berkeley of the course titled Anne Frank and After, focusing on Dutch Holocaust literature and film, and recent religious and political developments in the Netherlands.

title: Jessica Durlacher


text:
David Brand

Sir David Brand KCMG (1 August 1912 – 15 April 1979) was an Australian politician. A member of the Liberal Party, he was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1945 to 1975, and also the 19th and longest-serving Premier of Western Australia, serving four terms from the 1959 to the 1971 election. He resigned as leader of the Liberal Party in 1973, and retired from politics in 1975, dying from heart disease in 1979.

Early life
David Brand was born in Dongara, Western Australia, the eldest of four children of Albert John Brand, a farmer, and his wife Hilda, née Mitchell. His great-grandfather George Brand, previously a resident of Falkirk, Scotland, arrived in Western Australia on the convict ship Stag in 1855. He settled in the Greenough area. His family joined him in 1859. David Brand's maternal grandfather was Samuel Mitchell, a Cornish immigrant who was a pioneer of the mining industry in Western Australia and served in both houses of state parliament. Brand's parents farmed at Northampton and moved to a farm near Mullewa in 1924. He left school at 14 to work on the farm, and at Mullewa became secretary of the local branch of the Primary Producers' Association, a forerunner of the Farmers Federation.

In 1935, Brand moved to Kalgoorlie and worked at the Golden Horseshoe Mine, as a truck driver, treatment hand, filter specialist and shift boss. In his spare time, he was active in the Methodist Church and as a scoutmaster. Brand was of Cornish descent, like both his predecessor, Albert Hawke, and successor, John Tonkin, as premier.

Military service
Following the outbreak of World War II, Brand enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 23 November 1939. As a private, he was assigned to the 2/11th Battalion, part of the 6th Division, which embarked for the Middle East on 20 April 1940. Brand fought in the North African campaign, including the advance on Benghazi, and was promoted to corporal before the 2/11th was sent to the Greek campaign, in which he was seriously wounded on 24 April 1941.

Brand was eventually sent back to Australia for further treatment, arriving in August, and was discharged as medically unfit in April 1942. He was re-mobilised in September, as an instructor with the 7th Battalion, Volunteer Defence Corps, in Geraldton and was promoted to Warrant Officer in January 1943. With the war effort beginning to wind down, Brand was discharged from the army in January 1945.

Civilian life and political career
Brand married Doris Elspeth McNeill at Mingenew Methodist Church on 20 March 1944, with whom he later had three children. After his army discharge, Brand took over the general store at Dongara.

The incumbent Labor member for the State seat of Greenough, John Newton, was killed in action with the RAAF in 1945. Brand won the seat for the Liberal Party in a by-election that year, defeating Newton's brother by a narrow margin. Brand was the first person in Australia to win election to an Australian parliament as a candidate of the newly formed Liberal Party.

In October 1949, Ross McLarty became Premier and Brand entered the Ministry as Minister for Housing, Forests and Local Government. From April 1950 he was Minister for Works, Water Supply and Housing, working to establish the Kwinana Oil Refinery. Brand would later describe this as one of his greatest achievements. He was also involved in the creation of other major industrial projects.

After the Coalition's defeat in 1953, Brand became deputy leader of the Opposition. After McLarty's retirement, Brand was elected party leader on 1 March 1957. The Coalition was returned to power in 1959, and Brand was sworn in as Premier on 2 April. His administration retained office at the elections of 1962, 1965, and 1968. This was achieved with the assistance of the West Australian branch of the Democratic Labor Party (DLP) which split the Labor vote in some metropolitan electorates. The DLP was active in Western Australia between 1959 and 1974.

In 1960, the Federal government lifted its embargo on iron exports, which had been in place since 1938, enabling exploitation of large iron deposits in the Pilbara. The mining of large bauxite deposits in the Darling Scarp also commenced, along with expansion of mineral processing at Kwinana and the South West. Federal finance for the Ord River Scheme was also secured by Brand's government. Substantial oil and gas deposits were discovered in the Pilbara. In 1968, Western Australia ceased to be a net recipient of federal financial assistance. Brand was knighted in June of the following year.

The mining-pastoral boom of the 1960s played a big part in ensuring for Brand's government four successive electoral victories over the ALP opposition (led by Hawke until 1967, and by Tonkin from 1967 to 1971). However, the rapid growth of the Perth metropolitan area, and the strain this put on essential services, eroded the government's popularity, especially after 1969. In addition, Brand's relations with the federal Liberal Party worsened after the retirement of Sir Robert Menzies in 1966. While Brand's administration suffered from a series of controversies relating to environmental, heritage, Aboriginal and housing issues, the impact of production quotas for wheat, imposed by Prime Minister Sir John Gorton led to open conflict with the federal Liberal Party.

In the midst of this conflict the Brand government's attempt to demolish the remains of the Colonial Barracks ("the Barracks Arch") immediately opposite the parliament building led to a parliamentary revolt within the Liberal Party. Brand prevented this by dropping the proposal, and agreeing to allow the National Trust to restore the Arch. However, the strains this had caused within the government became evident when Brand collapsed while speaking publicly in 1971. He recovered, but the Coalition lost the election to Labor by one seat, and Tonkin became Premier.

Brand led the Liberals in opposition until his resignation in 1973; Sir Charles Court succeeded him as the party's leader. He died of heart disease in Carnamah, Western Australia in 1979.

The federal electoral Division of Brand in Western Australia, created in 1984, is named after him, as is the Brand Highway and the Sir David Brand School in Coolbinia. The Sir David Brand Award is the highest award of the West Australian Tourism Awards, in recognition of his work to advance the tourism industry.

In popular culture
Brand made a guest appearance in the film Nickel Queen while Premier of Western Australia.

title: David Brand


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arnolds Mencis

The result of the debate was delete [added by Andre🚐 22:40, 15 August 2022 (UTC) for afdstats]

Arnolds Mencis
According to the article he was an ordinary pilot during WWII. Nothing notable. --LeeHunter 22:19, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. Thue | talk 22:37, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: possibly an escapee from a military history site or a genealogy site, but how did he get a brain tumor from combat wounds? Geogre 02:59, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete along with next two non-notable combatants from WW2 on VfD. --Improv 20:50, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Andre ( talk )A| 14:03, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Pauper magic

This articles was listed on Votes for deletion, and no clear consesus emerged: see Votes for deletion/Pauper magic

title: Talk:Pauper magic


text: Category:Olympic sailors for Poland

title: Category:Olympic sailors for Poland


text:
The Mind of God

The Mind of God is a 1992 non-fiction book by Paul Davies. Subtitled The Scientific Basis for a Rational World, it is a whirlwind tour and explanation of theories, both physical and metaphysical, regarding ultimate causes. Its title comes from a quotation from Stephen Hawking: "If we do discover a theory of everything...it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason—for then we would truly know the mind of God."

In the preface, Davies explains that he has been interested in ultimate causes since childhood, having annoyed his parents with unending "why's" about everything, with each answer demanding another "why," and usually ending with the reply, "Because God made it that way, and that's that!" In the book proper, Davies briefly explores: the nature of reason, belief, and metaphysics; theories of the origin of the universe; the laws of nature; the relationship of mathematics to physics; a few arguments for the existence of God; the possibility that the universe shows evidence of a deity; and his opinion of the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorem, that "the search for a closed logical scheme that provides a complete and self-consistent explanation is doomed to failure."

He concludes with a statement of his belief that, even though we may never attain a theory of everything, "the existence of mind in some organism on some planet in the universe is surely a fact of fundamental significance. Through conscious beings the universe has generated self-awareness. This can be no trivial detail, no minor byproduct of mindless, purposeless forces. We are truly meant to be here."

Reception
In a review in The New York Times, Marcia Bartusiak called the book "both stimulating and enlightening".

title: The Mind of God


text:
Cape Cornwall

Cape Cornwall (Kilgoodh, meaning "goose back") is a small headland in West Cornwall, England. It is 4 miles north of Land's End near the town of St Just. Until the first Ordnance Survey in the early 19th-century, Cape Cornwall was believed to be the most westerly point in Cornwall.

Most of the headland is owned by the National Trust. National Coastwatch has a look-out on the seaward side. The only tourist infrastructure at present is a car park (owned by the National Trust), public toilets, and a refreshments counter during the summer.

The Brisons, two offshore rocks, are located approximately 1 mile southwest of Cape Cornwall. They mark the starting line of the annual swimming race ending at Priest Cove.

Etymology
The name Cape Cornwall appeared first on a maritime chart around the year 1600. The original Cornish name, Kilgoodh Ust, dates back to 1580. In English it translates to "goose-back at St Just", a reference to the shape of the cape. Later versions of the name dropped the 'Ust'. An alternative name, Pen Kernow, is a recent translation back to Cornish of the English.

A cape is the point of land where two bodies of water meet. Cape Cornwall is one of only two capes in the United Kingdom, the other being Cape Wrath in North West Scotland.

Early history

Pottery found in cists on the Cape have been dated to the Late Bronze Age. The presence of another cliff castle nearby (Kenidjack) may indicate that the area was important in the Iron Age. On the landward side of the Cape is the remains of the medieval St Helen's Oratory, which replaced a 6th-century church. A font now installed in the porch of St Just church may be from this building.

19th-century to present
Cape Cornwall Mine, a tin mine on the cape, was operated intermittently between 1838 and 1883. The mine's 1864 chimney near the peak of the cape was retained as an aid to navigation. In the early 20th-century, the former ore dressing floors were for a time converted for use as greenhouses and wineries.

In 1987, the mine site was purchased by the H. J. Heinz Company of the United States (and British plants) and donated to the nation. The remains of Cape Cornwall Mine are designated as part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

title: Cape Cornwall


text:
Orchid (album)

Orchid is the debut studio album by Swedish progressive metal band Opeth, released on 15 May 1995 in Europe by Candlelight Records, and on 24 June, 1997 in the United States by Century Black. It was reissued in 2000 with one bonus track called "Into the Frost of Winter", an early unproduced rehearsal recording by the band. The recording sessions occurred at the old Unisound studio, in Finspång with production by Opeth alongside Dan Swanö. The band did not record a demo to get signed to a record label. Lee Barrett, the founder of Candlelight Records, enjoyed an Opeth rehearsal tape, and decided to sign the band. The album received critical acclaim.

Background
Opeth was formed in 1990 in Stockholm, Sweden, by David Isberg. Isberg invited Mikael Åkerfeldt (of the recently disbanded band Eruption) to join Opeth. The other members of the band took exception to this, and quit Opeth, leaving only Isberg and Åkerfeldt. Anders Nordin, Nick Döring, and Andreas Dimeo were brought in as replacements. They rehearsed in an elementary school using old 60's equipment that they found there. Opeth played a show in February 1991, along with Therion, Excruciate and Authorise, in Stockholm. Only two songs were performed for their set. Åkerfeldt commented about the show: "I reckon it was probably the worst appearance one can have witnessed. We were so fucking nervous that we all wanted to cancel the fucking gig and just go back home."

The band played a second show in Gothenburg. Döring and Dimeo had quit the band since the first show, so Opeth contacted two members of the band Crimson Cat, Kim Pettersson and Johan DeFarfalla, and asked them to join them onstage. Other bands playing the show were At the Gates, Therion, Desecrator, Megaslaughter and Sarcazm. After the show, De Farfalla left Opeth to spend time with his girlfriend. He was replaced by Åkerfeldt's friend Peter Lindgren, who was playing in a joke band called Sylt i krysset. He accepted the offer to play bass in Opeth because he wanted to do something more serious. Pettersson later left the band, and Lindgren switched to guitar. Isberg quit in 1992, due to creative differences. Åkerfeldt became the new vocalist. He and Lindgren started writing material immediately. They rehearsed as a 3-piece for more than a year. Stefan Guteklint joined on bass, but left soon after the band signed its first record deal with Candlelight Records, in 1994.

Opeth were signed by Candlelight without a demo. For them, to go into the studio to record a demo was as big a step as going in to record an album. Åkerfeldt explained, "We didn't have any money to spend on things like that. That would cost us, at least, a couple of hundred bucks ... We didn't know where to go to record a demo." Åkerfeldt had sent out rehearsal tapes to several labels, but never received a reply. But the band received an offer from Lee Barrett to record an album. Åkerfeldt found it "quite weird". Anders Nyström (of Katatonia) said Candlelight was interested, based on a rumor from Samoth (of Emperor). Samoth had sent out a tape of unsigned bands to Barrett at Candlelight. It only had a few seconds of "The Apostle in Triumph". Barrett liked it so much he wanted to sign the band. Later, Åkerfeldt received a call from Barrett, who wanted to release a full-length album by Opeth.

Recording and production
Orchid was recorded during March 1994 in Finspång, where the old Unisound Studio was located. Opeth moved from Stockholm to Finspång, where Dan Swanö had rented an apartment for them. The studio was located in the cellar of a small house situated in the middle of a field. The album was produced and mixed by Swanö and the band, and engineered by Swanö. For the recording they had asked Johan De Farfalla to play session bass guitar. He eventually became a full-time member.

Despite the nervousness of the band members, the recording sessions ran smoothly. "We were so ready before we went into the studio, we'd been rehearsing six or seven times a week, and we'd even been rehearsing in pitch black darkness in order to play the songs perfectly without even looking", Åkerfeldt recollected in 2009, speaking to Kerrang! However, the band regretted not having enough time to record the acoustic piece "Requiem". The song was first recorded at Unisound, but the band was unhappy with the result. "Requiem" was then recorded in a studio in Stockholm with Pontus Norgren acting as co-producer. Due to a mix-up in Orchid's mastering process, the end of "Requiem" was placed at the beginning of "The Apostle in Triumph". The band has expressed regret for this, and said it was no fault of their own. This error was later amended in the 2023 Abbey Road remaster for the album.

Music
The music in Orchid combines elements influenced by progressive rock and acoustics pieces of folk music to the black metal scream and the death metal growl, as well having clean vocals. It also contains influences from jazz and melodic passages played by a piano and acoustic guitars. Opeth sounded much different than the casual black or death metal bands at that time and it's the closest album that the band came to the black genre. Critics described the sound of the album as it being "unique". Jim Raggi wrote "If you're wanting the more deathy and song oriented Opeth, skip down to My Arms, Your Hearse and go from there. If you're looking for a unique journey of music built alternately around dual guitar harmonies knocking into sequences when the two guitars and the bass are all playing different parts, stop-start transitions at times and smooth here-to-theres at others, here you go." Matt Smith stated that "with Orchid, the band introduced its blend of intricate, down-tempo acoustic guitar and piano lines and swinging, Celtic-sounding, distorted rhythms."

Most songs of the album exceed nine minutes, but there are two instrumental songs of short duration. These two instrumental songs are "Silhouette" and "Requiem". The first song was recorded just hours before they were leaving the studio and is a brief piano interlude. They were impressed that Anders Nordin played the piano very well. Lindgren said, "I remember the look on Dan's face when we said, 'Our drummer can play the piano.' He didn't believe a word we were saying. Dan can play the piano. Most guys play like shit. When Anders started playing, Dan was actually impressed." Åkerfeldt later said, "I'm still quite impressed." The other instrumental is an acoustic epic, according to Lindgren. Åkerfeldt borrowed a Spanish acoustic guitar called a Trameleuc from a guitar store to play the song.

The bonus track, "Into the Frost of Winter", is an early recording of the band during a 1992 rehearsal. The song contains some segments which were later reworked into "Advent", the opening track on their second album Morningrise.

Lyrics
After the members left Opeth, Mikael Åkerfeldt and David Isberg began to write the songs. Åkerfeldt commented about: "As you might understand I was more or less influenced by the occult back then, although in no serious manner. Music wise I was really into the twisted, dark, and evil-sounding riffs. The lyrics written by both me and David were pure Satanic chantings!" According to Åkerfeldt, "the idea for Opeth was for it to be evil—satanic lyrics and evil riffs. I chose my notes so they sounded evil." The first two songs that Åkerfeldt and Isberg wrote were "Requiem of Lost Souls" and "Mystique of the Baphomet" (later "Mark of the Damned" and later "Forest of October"). When Isberg quit the band, Åkerfeldt and Peter Lindgren "really felt that we had found a real original way of playing. There were at the time almost no other band [sic] using that many harmonies as we did." "Forest of October" "is the best song on the album", according to Lindgren. Åkerfeldt says he doesn't remember what it is about, and that he only remembers that he wrote the lyrics to sound like the music.

Åkerfeldt said that "The Twilight Is My Robe" used to be called "Oath" and "is a satanic song. Like an oath to Satan." He also said that one part of the song is "a complete rip-off" of Scorpions' "Fly to the Rainbow". The most evil song on the album, said Lindgren, the lyrics for "Under the Weeping Moon" were "some kind of satanic worship of the moon. It doesn't really deal with anything", according to Åkerfeldt, and on the later The Roundhouse Tapes live album, he would describe the song's lyrics as "absolute black metal nonsense". He also complimented the melody of "The Apostle in Triumph" and considered it to be lyrically "a combination of nature and satanic worship". The longest song of the album, "In Mist She Was Standing", was the last song completed. The song is about a nightmare, and is inspired by the film The Lady in Black.

Cover
When the recordings were completed, the band immediately started working on the cover layout. Åkerfeldt had been in contact with the photographer Torbjorn Ekebacke for a while, and learned that Ekebacke also created graphic layouts. He was asked to provide a layout for Orchid. Opeth ordered the orchid seen on the cover from the Netherlands. The first pressing was released without the "Opeth" logo on the front cover. The photographs on the back were taken in Sörskogen. Åkerfeldt stated that "we really were lucky as the sunset that evening, was probably the most beautiful one I had ever seen. We shot several cool shots that day, but those silhouette ones were the best."

Layout
The band already had one issue with the album about the mastering of "Requiem" (see Recording and production), a second problem arose with the album: the lyric pages were the opposite to what Opeth had expected. The colours had been reversed, and the CD itself was blue instead of black. The band again expressed regret for this, but fans stated they liked how the colours looked. After finishing the layout, the band sent the album to England.

Reception
Critical reaction to the album was mostly positive. Critic Matt Smith of Maelstrom said that it is one of the best Opeth albums, and "it set the tone for the albums to come". However, before Orchid's release, according to Åkerfeldt:

"Most people, at least in the Swedish scene, were recording at Unisound, and Opeth, before the album came out, was considered a joke band. No one expected anything from us. The rumor wasn't great about us. Some of the early shows we did were awful and David Isberg, our singer who formed that band, wasn't liked too much. We didn't have a good vibe going about the band. We didn't have any friends in the scene. I didn't know anyone. We were total outsiders."

- Mikael Åkerfeldt

John Serba of AllMusic said that Orchid was "quite an audacious release, a far-beyond-epic prog/death monstrosity exuding equal parts beauty and brutality – an album so brilliant, so navel-gazingly pretentious that, in retrospect, Opeth's future greatness was a foregone conclusion". John Chedsey of Satan Stole My Teddybear stated that the album is "one of the more stunning and devastatingly powerful debuts of any metal band in any genre." Jim Raggi of Lamentations of the Flame Princess wrote that "perhaps the most easily recognizable voice in all of extreme metal, Mikael Åkerfeldt really does make some noise in his debut. I can't think of very many vocalists in 1994 (when the album was recorded) who used both clean and growled vocals freely. I'm definitely not going to go so far as to say he was the first (Dan Swanö did beat him on that at least!) but all those years ago, Åkerfeldt did set the standard for what the extreme progressive music vocalist should sound like". He added, "The fact is this album is a groundbreaking milestone in heavy metal for the progressive elements that are thrown into the more metallic music and the extreme vocals" and the sound of the album is "completely unique". Chris Dick of Decibel stated in Precious Metal: Decibel Presents the Stories Behind 25 Extreme Metal Masterpieces:

"Death metal, after its formative stages, wasn't averse to experimentation or the influence of other genres, but it never sounded as powerful, fearless or skilled as on Orchid ... Opeth's debut was, to quote frontman Mikael Åkerfeldt in 1993, a masterful hybrid of 'Wishbone Ash, Black Sabbath and Bathory.' ... It was inviting, abrasive and full of subtlety. Despite Symbolic, Slaughter of the Soul, Domination, The Gallery and Storm of the Light's Bane blowing minds in 1995, it was Opeth's Orchid that changed death metal forever."

- Chris Dick, Decibel

Not all critics were positive, however. French magazine Metallian said the album was "boring and uneventful" and gave it 1/10. Johan De Farfalla stated that "from the death metal scene, they thought, 'Wow! This is cool!' From the educated musicians I knew, they said, 'This sucks. The sound is bad. You should re-record this.' But I think people really liked it, apart from the sound."

Personnel
Credits for Orchid adapted from liner notes.

Opeth
 * Mikael Åkerfeldt – lead vocals, guitars
 * Peter Lindgren – guitars
 * Anders Nordin – drums, percussion, piano on "Silhouette"
 * Johan De Farfalla – bass (tracks 1–7), backing vocals

Additional personnel
 * Stefan Guteklint – bass guitar on "Into the Frost of Winter"

Production
 * Opeth – mixing
 * Dan Swanö – engineering, mixing
 * Peter in de Betou – mastering
 * Pontus Norgren – co-production on "Requiem"
 * Torbjörn Ekebacke – artwork, photography

Release history
The release of Orchid was delayed, and with the band anxious to play gigs for the album, Opeth began performing a few shows when Lee Barrett of Candlelight Records led them to the United Kingdom. One of the performances was held at the London Astoria, and the show also featured Impaled Nazarene, Ved Buens Ende, and Hecate Enthroned.

A year after the recording of the album, Orchid was released on 15 May 1995 in Europe by Candlelight Records on CD, and on cassette by Mystic Production. It was released on 24 June 1997 in the United States by Century Black. It was reissued in 2000 in Europe by Candlelight and in the United States by Century Media, with one bonus track, "Into the Frost of Winter". In the same year, it was released as a double-LP vinyl edition on Displeased Records, limited to 1000 copies. A special edition was released by Candlelight in 2003.

title: Orchid (album)


text:
SNCAC

SNCAC (the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre, sometimes known as Aérocentre) was a French aircraft manufacturer created by the nationalisation of the Farman Aviation Works and Hanriot firms in 1936.

It was liquidated in 1949, with assets distributed between SNCAN, SNCASO, and SNECMA, all of which were nationalised firms.

Aircraft

 * SNCAC NC.130
 * SNCAC NC.150
 * SNCAC NC 211 Cormoran
 * SNCAC NC.270
 * SNCAC NC-290 - abandoned project for a four-engined (Nene-powered) jet transport for 60 passengers.
 * SNCAC NC.420
 * Farman NC.470
 * SNCAC NC.510
 * SNCAC NC.530
 * SNCAC NC-600
 * SNCAC NC.701 Martinet
 * SNCAC NC.702 Martinet
 * SNCAC NC.800 Cab - abandoned project for a light twin-engined transport
 * NC.832 Chardonneret
 * NC.840 Chardonneret
 * NC.841 Chardonneret
 * SNCAC NC.851
 * SNCAC NC.853
 * SNCAC NC.854
 * SNCAC NC.855
 * SNCAC NC.856
 * SNCAC NC.900
 * SNCAC NC.1070
 * SNCAC NC.1071
 * SNCAC NC 1080
 * SNCAC NC.2001 Abeille
 * SNCAC NC.3021 Belphégor

title: SNCAC


text:
Category:Anthology television series

fr:Catégorie:Anthologie

title: Category:Anthology television series