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Wilrijk

Wilrijk (former, original spelling: Wilrijck) is a district of the municipality and city of Antwerp in the Belgian province of Antwerp. Wilrijk had been a separate municipality before January 1, 1983; the enlarged municipality of Antwerp was decentralized in 2000 and Wilrijk became one of the city's nine districts.

This suburb is also known as the Goat village, because of its Goat parade. Every five years, this parade attracts many tourists. The next one will be held in 2025.

Overview
Although it is now part of the city of Antwerp, Wilrijk has kept its own distinct atmosphere. A mixture of modern and older neighbourhoods, this suburb has a good balance between residential, commercial and industrial activities. Its facilities for sport and recreation in a green environment make it a desirable area in which to live.

This area was already inhabited in 600 BC. This has been shown by the excavation of a Celtic burial site in Wilrijk, which is the oldest sign of civilization yet discovered in the region around Antwerp.

Demography
The total area of Wilrijk is 13.61 km2 and it has 38,220 inhabitants (2004).

From a Celtic settlement to a modern suburb
Probably the first time people lived in this area was around 600 BC. In 1003 the first document appeared in which the name uuilrika was mentioned. This document tells about the existence in 743 AD of a community living around the central square in Wilrijk which is called Bist. The triangular shape of the Bist shows the Frankish past of Wilrijk. One of the current theories is that the name Wilrijk is actually derived from the Gallo-Roman word Villariacum (meaning: "Part of the domain of a Roman villa"). Evidence for the existence of a Roman villa was found in a nearby village Kontich.

After the closing of the Zwyn and the decay of Bruges, the city of Antwerp became of more importance. At the end of the 15th century the foreign trading guilds moved from the city of Bruges to Antwerp. These "foreigners" were well received by the families of Antwerp. Some of the richer people from Antwerp escaped their busy lives in the center of the city and, attracted by the rural character of Wilrijk (and other towns surrounding Antwerp), started building large houses (little castles) there. These houses are called Hoven van plaisantie, some of these still exist even today: Klaverblad, Schoonselhof, Ieperman, Steytelinck, Middelheim, De Brandt, Hof Ter Beke. Others didn't survive: Jezuietenhof, Ooievaarsnest (Oversnes), Hoonsnest (Hondsnest of Hof van Van Dael), Groenenborgerhof, Elsdonkhof, Standonk, Korenbloem. But their names still remain in the consciousness of the people living in Wilrijk through names of streets and neighbourhoods.

On November 30, 1589 the village was completely burned by some Geuzen coming from Bergen op Zoom. It took Wilrijk 20 years to start rebuilding the houses, and in that time the population had to live in poor wooden huts.

In the middle of the 18th century an important road was built between Antwerp and Boom. Because of the expansion of Antwerp some suburbs (Kiel and Beerschot) that were a large source of food products for Antwerp, started to get too crowded. Their function was taken over by the farmers in Wilrijk and they started delivering milk, vegetables and flowers to Antwerp.

On October 6, 1819 Wilrijk received its own coat of arms from King William I of the Netherlands and the Hoge Raad van Adel. It consists of a picture of Saint Bavo as a knight on a blue background, with a falcon in his left hand and a sword in his right; the right corner contains an image of the Saint Bavo church in Wilrijk.

In the second half of the 19th century the town started to change because of the construction of two forts in the neighbourhood of Wilrijk (Fort 6 and 7) (1859–1865). These were part of a whole array of 8 forts protecting the city of Antwerp. At the same time some important connections were built between these fortifications, leading to new roads and railroads in Wilrijk and even a railway station.

Mayor M. Willems(1863–1870) started the planning of a new town hall. The architect of the province of Antwerp Eugeen Gife was given the task to design this new building, but it was the next mayor Jules Moretus (1870–1874) who would see the actual start of the construction. The town hall was finished in 1873, some changes were made to it in 1920, 1936, 1952, 1963, 1970 and 1977. Since 1994 it is officially protected as a monument.

Until the 19th century Wilrijk had stayed a rural, quite poor community independent of Antwerp. From then on many of the inhabitants started to search for work in the center of Antwerp, and Wilrijk flourished. In 1810 Wilrijk had 1660 inhabitants, this increased in 1840 to 2275, and in 1875 it were already 3553, to become 6243 in 1900. It was a slow evolution, and Wilrijk evolved from a rural village into a small suburb.

In the 20th century some of the Hoven van plaisantie were demolished, and their large surrounding parks were used to construct new housing projects. The primary goal was to create new urban areas after the First World War. The first new immigrants were mostly people moving from the city to the fresh air in the suburbs. Some of Wilrijk's districts that were created in this way are Eenheid, Elsdonk, and Valaar.

Wilrijk as a suburban town
When the population exceeded 20,000 inhabitants in 1928, the town acquired the Hof van plaisantie Steytelinck. From then on, Wilrijk had its own public park, close to the center.

During the Second World War, Wilrijk suffered a lot because of bombardments by the Germans with the V1 and V2. 71 civilians were killed by as much as 65 bombs.

After the war Wilrijk again started to grow rapidly. The agricultural character disappeared and was replaced by industry. Again many people migrated from the center of Antwerp to the suburbs. This time also the first high buildings appeared in Wilrijk. The population peaked. In 1950, 27,213 inhabitants, in 1956 30,000 and in 1964, 40,000. On January 1, 1975 the number of inhabitants was officially 44,219, from this day, the population decreased steadily.

In 1960 the town council decided to renew the town center. This urbanistic project included some high buildings, a shopping center and a cultural center. It was agreed to create a large industrial area of 1.5 km2 next to the important economical axes Antwerp-Boom (Boomsesteenweg (A12)). More than 6000 people are employed in this area right now.

Because of the increase in traffic the Boomsesteenweg (A12) was modernised in 1958 (also because of the Expo '58 in Brussels). In 1978 the highway Antwerp-Brussels (E10, now called E19) and the R11 were constructed, further dividing Wilrijk into different parts. The communal road network was more than 200 km.

Until then Wilrijk had been an independent town with its own town council and mayor, but this was about to change.

Wilrijk as part of Antwerp
On January 1, 1983 Wilrijk became, together with seven other communities – Antwerp, Berchem, Borgerhout, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem and Deurne – part of one big city of Antwerp, now a city with more than 500,000 inhabitants. All the former towns became "districten (in Dutch)" of Antwerp. Many city services were centralised and the town (district) council lost almost all of its powers. Every district kept its own districtshuis (former town hall) with services like: information, social affaires, registry of births, deaths and marriages, etc.

However, this move to a centralised administration created some resistance among the inhabitants. In a gesture "to bring the government back to the civilians" a decentralisation was started on January 1, 2001. Some of the powers reverted to the districts, including: the "look" of the town, youth policy, festivities, sports and communication.

Lange Wapper
Lange Wapper is a mythical being appearing in many folk tales in Flanders. According to belief (especially from people living in Wilrijk) Lange Wapper was born in Wilrijk, near the Hoven van plaisantie De Brandt and Middelheim on the fields of farmer Peer-January. One day he found a huge red cabbage between his vegetables. He touched it, and found out that it was actually a newborn. Because he was too poor to raise the child, it was adopted by a family from Antwerp. The boy grew up, and he became known as someone who always protected the helpless. One day he saved an old lady from drowning and she gave him the gift to make himself very tall or very small whenever he liked it. This is how he got his name Lange (Long) Wapper. Since he always protected people he got some respect, but he also made some strange noises, sounding like a goat, and that's why he also became known as a water devil.

Since people in Wilrijk wanted to make sure the entire world would believe that Lange Wapper really was theirs, they organised a great party in 1964 to baptise an 8 meter long giant, Lange Wapper, with beer in the presence of a monk from Deerlijk. After that the giant was officially made an inhabitant (honoris causa) of Wilrijk by mayor Kiebooms. This, of course, created only more discussion between the center of Antwerp and Wilrijk about who actually "owned" Lange Wapper.

He is one of the main figures of the Goat parade in Wilrijk.

Goat parade (Geitestoet)
In the period that Wilrijk was still a poor town, many people kept a little goat at home, to provide meat and milk if needed. Because of this, the richer people were laughing with the silly people from Wilrijk with their goats. When in 1895 there was an election for the town council, there was a big election fight between the Catholic and the liberal parties. The liberals accused the Catholics of fraud, and because the people of Wilrijk didn't want to listen to them, they called them 'Goat heads'(Geitekoppen(Dutch language)). From this time on, Wilrijk was known as the 'Goat town'. As with many of these names, after a while it become a title of honor for people living in Wilrijk. So, when in 1965 Wilrijk celebrated its 1200-year existence, the people organised a 'Goat parade', consisting of decorated carts, people wearing costumes and of course...goats. There was also a cart showing Lange Wapper.

After the fusion with Antwerp in 1983, people became nostalgic and examined their common past. Plans were made to organize a new Goat parade, which, after 25 years, resumed on September 16, 1990. Since then, a Goat parade is organised every five years (1995, 2000, 2005). The last one featured: 1500 participants in special costumes, 10 groups of dancers, 12 decorated carts, 16 groups of musicians, giants, coaches, horses, ... and a record breaking number of goats.

Annual fair (Jaarmarkt)
In many towns there is an ancient custom to have an Annual Fair to create an opportunity for farmers to show and trade their livestock. All the farmers in the region come to the town with the livestock or other goods they want to sell. Over time this has evolved in a larger cultural event. This annual fair is still held every year in Wilrijk in August. It consists of a weekend during which a large number of activities are organised: a painters competition, an old-timer rally, a funfair and art exhibitions. In the streets surrounding the town hall you can find farmers showing their animals (goats, horses, cows and other livestock) and there are also competitions to decide which farmers have the best animals.

Notable natives

 * Toby Alderweireld (born 1989) footballer
 * Kathleen Van Brempt (born 1969), politician
 * Bruno Brokken (born 1953), high jumper
 * Mousa Dembélé (born 1987), footballer
 * Mark Dedrie (born 1962), sculptor
 * Gabriel Fehervari (born 1960), businessman and CEO of the former Alfacam Group
 * Frans Grootjans (born 1922), politician and minister for the PVV
 * Victor Guidalevitch (1892–1962), engineer and photographer
 * Paul Lemmens (born 1954), judge at the European Court of Human Rights
 * Brian Lesher (born 1971), baseball player
 * Jan Leyers (born 1958), singer
 * Rik Van Linden (born 1949), cyclist
 * Linda Mertens (born 1978), singer
 * Mohamed Messoudi (born 1984), footballer
 * Kristof Snelders (born 1982), footballer
 * Rudy Trouvé (born 1967), musician
 * Dirk Verbeuren (born 1975), heavy metal drummer
 * Carl Verbraeken (born 1950), president of the Union of Belgian Composers
 * Koen Vervaeke (born 1959), diplomat
 * Marcia De Wachter (born 1953), economist
 * Ronald de Witte (born 1946), cyclist
 * Constant de Deken (1852-1896), missionary and explorer

Personalities linked to the town

 * Kim Clijsters, Tennis Player. Student of the Wilrijk tennis school in 1996
 * Knight Édouard Parthon de Von, diplomat, horticulturist, writer, lived in Wilrijk
 * Karel Poma (mayor of Wilrijk 1953-1958), chemist and politician
 * Laurens Bracke (inhabitant of Wilrijk 2006-?)

Sport

 * The town hosted the archery events for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Nachtegalen Park.
 * VTV (Vlaamse Tennis Vereniging): A tennis school where Kim Clijsters trained in 1996 and where she met her coach Carl Maes (1996–2002).
 * K Beerschot VA (football club)
 * SK Wilrijk (football club)
 * Antarctica (large ice-skating facility)
 * Aspen (artificial skiing slope)
 * AVI (athletics club)
 * Wilrace (table tennis)
 * Royal Antwerp Eagles (baseball)
 * Cricket (Indian cricket club)

Twin towns

 * Niedernhausen, Germany

Commercial/industrial/institutional sites

 * University of Antwerp Campus Drie Eiken: One of the four campuses of the University of Antwerp (the site in Wilrijk was formerly known as UIA (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen)
 * Faculty for Comparative Religion
 * Jewish Rabbinical School
 * IKEA: One of the 6 IKEA stores in Belgium. Size store: 18.600 m²,
 * Agfa-Gevaert: Part of the Agfa Gevaert Mortsel site
 * The Coca-Cola Company: One of the three production/distribution centers of The Coca-Cola Company in Belgium. Number of employees: 541 (in 2005)
 * ISVAG: A large facility that burns household waste from Antwerp and other towns in the region. Burns 100,000-150,000 tons a year
 * Atlas Copco Airpower: The largest fabrication facility of air compressors in the world. Number of employees: 2300 (in 2005)
 * Rizla: Part of the Imperial Tobacco Group it is a major producer of tobacco rolling papers in the world. The site in Wilrijk has 160 employees and produces 30 billion leaves a year (2004).

Jain Temples

 * Jain Temples at Wilrijk

title: Wilrijk


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Clann na Talmhan

Clann na Talmhan (, "Family/Children of the land"; formally known as the National Agricultural Party) was an Irish agrarian political party active between 1939 and 1965.

Formation and growth
Clann na Talmhan was founded on 29 June 1939 in Athenry, County Galway, in the wake of the breakdown of unification talks between the Irish Farmers Federation (IFF) and representatives of farmers in Connacht on the rate-paying issue. While the IFF supported full derating, the western view was that the largest farmers should not be relieved of all their rate-paying obligations. Were this to happen, the western opinion was that indirect taxation would inevitably increase, and small farmers and workers would find themselves appreciably worse-off.

The party was led initially by Galway farmer Michael Donnellan. Its foundation represented a revival of agrarian politics in Ireland; from 1922 to 1933 a series of parties had represented farming interests, namely the Farmers' Party and the National Centre Party. However, these groups mostly attracted large farmers in the east. In contrast, Clann na Talmhan appealed explicitly to the more numerous small farmers of the west of Ireland. The party's objectives included the promotion of the interests of small farmers, government support for land reclamation, lowering of taxes on farmland, a more progressive system of land rates that would help small farmers, and more intensive afforestation. During the 1940s it began to adopt social democratic policies. It supported free secondary education and subsidised university education, as well as state investment in a public healthcare system. The party also had a distinct populist streak, pushing back against establishment politicians, bankers and the wealthy in Irish society. In 1942 at a rally in Dunmore, County Galway Michael Donnellan declared "You could take all the TDs, all the senators, all the ministers and members of the judiciary and all the other nice fellows and dump them off Clare Island into the broad Atlantic. Still, Ireland would succeed. But without the workers and producers, the country would starve in twenty-four hours".

In contrast to the earlier Farmers' Party, Clann na Talmhan emphasised grass-roots campaigning and political agitation. It also developed an efficient electoral machine, largely owing to the advice and skills it gained from former members of Fianna Fáil. Although the party was hindered to a degree by wartime restrictions on public meetings and the press, it did have five years to prepare for its first election.

In 1943, Clann na Talmhan merged with the National Agricultural Party a rival political party setup in Leinster to represent the large farmers there, with the belief that the merger was needed in order to contest the upcoming 1943 general election. The unified party won ten seats in that election and nine at the 1944 general election. However, the merger of the two groups brought a great deal of instability as infighting between the small farmers from Connacht and the large farmers from Leinsters divided the party members. In light of this Donnellan resigned as leader following the election and was replaced by Joseph Blowick, a large farmer holder from County Mayo.

In government and decline
The party was one of five parties in the first inter-party government (1948–1951), with Blowick serving as Minister for Lands and Donnellan becoming a Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance. Clann na Talmhan was one of three parties in the second inter-party government (1954–1957), with Blowick and Donnellan reprising their ministerial roles. However, this period saw a retrenchment rather than expansion of the party, which did not expand its support beyond western and southern small farmers. Like its spiritual predecessors, Clann na Talmhan could not unite small and large farmers in one party, and this restricted its electoral appeal.

The party began to lose its position after its spells in government. A lack of improvement in the economy during this period led to disillusionment with Clann na Talmhan, and people again began to vote for Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael rather than small parties. During the 1950s many activists had departed, and the party became little more than a collection of personal electoral machines. By 1961, Donnellan and Blowick were the only party TDs remaining, and the party ceased to exist as an organisation independent of those men. When Donnellan died in 1964 his son John Donnellan was elected in his place, but for Fine Gael rather than his father's party. Blowick decided not to contest the 1965 general election, and Clann na Talmhan was formally wound up.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clann na Talmhan


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Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television

The Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, honoring the work of actors in science fiction, fantasy, and horror fiction on television.

As of the 47th Saturn Awards in 2022, the award is known as Best Supporting Actor in a Network or Cable Television Series and features a sister category: Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Streaming Television Series.

(NOTE: Year refers to year of eligibility, the actual ceremonies are held the following year.)

The winners are listed in bold.

Multiple nominations

 * 6 nominations
 * Michael Emerson
 * James Marsters
 * 5 nominations
 * Michael Rosenbaum
 * 4 nominations
 * Jonathan Banks
 * Kit Harington
 * John Noble
 * Terry O'Quinn
 * Aaron Paul
 * Norman Reedus
 * 3 nominations
 * Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
 * Alexis Denisof
 * Josh Holloway
 * Erik Knudsen
 * 2 nominations
 * James Callis
 * Tony Dalton
 * Giancarlo Esposito
 * Victor Garber
 * John Glover
 * Greg Grunberg
 * Ed Harris
 * Doug Jones
 * Dean Norris
 * Masi Oka
 * Khary Payton
 * Lance Reddick
 * Michael Shanks
 * Connor Trinneer
 * Michael Weatherly

Multiple wins

 * 3 wins
 * Aaron Paul

 * 2 wins
 * Jonathan Banks
 * James Marsters


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Alan Aldridge

Alan Aldridge (8 July 1938 – 17 February 2017) was a British artist, graphic designer and illustrator. He is best known for his psychedelic artwork made for books and record covers by The Beatles and The Who.

Personal life
Aldridge was born in North London and lived in Los Angeles, California. He is survived by 8 children: fashion photographer Miles Aldridge, model and social activist Saffron Aldridge and Marc from his first marriage to Rita Farthing; two sons, Pim and Toby, from a relationship with Andrea Gayler; and two daughters, models Lily Aldridge and Ruby Aldridge, and a son, James, from his second marriage to Laura Lyons, which also ended in divorce. He has 11 grandchildren. On 17 February 2017, his daughter Lily announced his death via Instagram.

Career
Aldridge first worked as an illustrator at The Sunday Times Magazine. After doing some freelance book covers for Penguin Books, he was hired in March 1965 by Penguin's chief editor Tony Godwin to become the art director of Penguin. Over the next two years as art director, he especially focused on science fiction book covers and introduced his style which resonated with the mood of the time. In 1968 he moved to his own graphic-design firm, INK, which became closely involved with graphic images for the Beatles and Apple Corps.

During the 1960s and 1970s, he was responsible for a great many album covers, and helped create the graphic style of that era. He designed a series of science fiction book covers for Penguin Books. He made a big impression with his illustrations for the book The Beatles Illustrated Lyrics. He also provided illustrations for The Penguin Book of Comics, a history of British and American comic art. His work was characterised by a flowing, cartoony style and soft airbrushing – very much in step with the psychedelic styles of the times. His work includes the 1971 anti-war poster entitled A great place for hamburgers but who'd want to live there!

In the theatre, in February 1969 he designed the graphics for the controversial Jane Arden play Vagina Rex and the Gas Oven at the London Arts Laboratory, Drury Lane.

He is possibly best known for the picture book The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper Feast (1973), a series of illustrations of anthropomorphic insects and other creatures, which he created in collaboration with Harry Willock. William Plomer wrote the accompanying verses. This was based on William Roscoe's poem of the same name, but was inspired when Aldridge read that John Tenniel had told Lewis Carroll it was impossible to draw a wasp in a wig.

Aldridge created the artwork for Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy by Elton John in 1975. In 1977 he created an advertisement illustration for the Dutch beer brand Heineken. He was the creator of the Hard Rock Café logo.

Honours and awards
A retrospective Alan Aldridge – the Man with the Kaleidoscope Eyes featured at the Design Museum in London from 10 October 2008 to 25 January 2009, and was reviewed as "The trip of a lifetime".

Over the years Aldridge won many awards for his work, among them Whitbread Children's Book Award (1973).

Selected works

 * Cover for Boswell's London Journal 1762–1763, ed. Frederick Pottle, Penguin (1966).
 * Cover design for A Quick One by The Who (1966).
 * Poster for Andy Warhol and Paul Morrissey's film Chelsea Girls (1966).
 * Covers for Penguin Science Fiction books (1967).
 * The Beatles Illustrated Lyrics (US, Houghton Mifflin; UK, MacDonald Unit 75, 1969) editor, select illustrations.
 * Ann in the Moon (1970), with story by Frances D. Francis.
 * The Penguin Book of Comics (1971), with George Perry, published by Penguin Books.
 * The Ship's Cat (1977), illustrated in collaboration with Harry Willock, with verses by Richard Adams.
 * The Peacock Party (1979) and The Lion's Cavalcade (1980), sequels to The Butterfly Ball, based on anonymous sequels to Roscoe's version with verses by George E. Ryder and Ted Walker respectively. Illustrated in collaboration with Harry Willock.
 * Phantasia: Of Docklands, Rocklands and Dodos (1981)
 * The Gnole (1999), with Steve Boyett (writer) and Maxine Miller (colorist).
 * Illustrations and logo design for Everybody Loves a Happy Ending, the sixth studio album by British pop rock/new wave band Tears for Fears, 2004.
 * Aldridge is also credited for Art Direction and Illustration on Light Grenades (2006), the sixth studio album for Incubus.

 * The Man with Kaleidoscope Eyes (Thames & Hudson, 2008), 240 pp, ISBN 978-0-500-09342-9; also published as The Man with Kaleidoscope Eyes: The Art of Alan Aldridge (Abrams Books, 2009), 240 pp, ISBN 978-0-8109-0596-2

title: Alan Aldridge


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Lasek

Lasek may refer to:

Acronyms

 * LASEK or photorefractive keratectomy, a laser eye surgery technique

Villages and hamlets

 * Lasek, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Lasek, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Lasek, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Lasek, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
 * Lasek, Gostynin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Lasek, Grodzisk Mazowiecki County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Lasek, Otwock County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Lasek, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland) (pl)
 * Lasek, Kraśnik County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 * Lasek, Łuków County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)

Districts

 * Lasek, a district of Luboń
 * Lasek, a district of Piwniczna-Zdrój
 * Lasek, a district of Tyczyn

Persons

 * Bucky Lasek, American skateboarder

title: Lasek


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Curdling

Curdling is the breaking of an emulsion or colloid into large parts of different composition through the physio-chemical processes of flocculation, creaming, and coalescence. Curdling is purposeful in the production of cheese curd and tofu; undesirable in the production of a sauce, cheese fondue or a custard.

Method
In curdling, the pH of the milk decreases and becomes more acidic. Independently floating casein molecules attract one another, forming "curdles" that float in a translucent whey. At warmer temperatures, the clumping reaction occurs more quickly than at colder temperature. Curdling occurs naturally if cows' milk is left open in a warm environment to air for a few days.

Cheese and tofu

Milk and soy milk are curdled intentionally to make cheese and tofu by the addition of enzymes (typically rennet), acids (including lemon juice), or various salts (magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or gypsum); the resulting curds are then pressed.

Egg sauces
In hot preparations emulsified with eggs like hollandaise and custard, curdling is the undesirable result of overheating the sauce. Sauces which contain starch curdle with more difficulty.

In cold sauces like mayonnaise as well as in hot sauces, too large a ratio of fat to egg may also cause curdling.

Milk sauces
In sauces which include milk or yogurt, overheating often causes curdling. The higher the fat content, the less likely curdling is. Strained yogurt used in sauces also curdles only with difficulty.

Coffee
When a plant based milk such as soya milk is added to coffee, curdling can sometimes occur. To help prevent this manufacturers sometimes add acidity regulators.

Cheesecake
When making cheesecake, if water is added to the cream cheese during the combining period, it will curdle.

title: Curdling


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Treo 650

The Palm Treo 650 is a Palm OS-based smartphone, the successor to Palm's Treo 600. It began shipping in November 2004, and was discontinued in 2008.

==Specifications ==

Carriers
The following GSM and CDMA2000 mobile phone operators currently or previously offered a custom-branded (OEM) version of the Treo 650:

In release order
 * Sprint PCS (USA)
 * Cellular South
 * Cingular Wireless (including AT&T Wireless customers) (USA)
 * Unlocked GSM
 * Rogers Wireless (Canada)
 * Verizon Wireless (USA)
 * Earthlink Wireless (USA)
 * Bell Mobility (Canada)
 * Telus Mobility (Canada)
 * Alltel (USA)
 * Centennial Wireless (USA)

As seen on Palm's support page, these carriers are the sole providers of support for the OEM phones.

Other carriers
Nextel (USA) and other iDEN providers are not compatible with the Treo 650, as this technology has not been integrated into the Treo platform. T-Mobile (USA) and other GSM carriers not listed above are compatible with the unlocked version of the GSM Treo 650.

NVFS controversy
At the time of its release, a significant number of users experienced problems with Palm's new Non-Volatile File System, or NVFS, based on the FAT filesystem. Compared to the Treo 600, the previous version of the Treo, the Treo 650 used more memory per file as the FAT filesystem rounded file sizes to the next highest 512-byte multiple. Because of the larger file sizes, some users upgrading to the Treo 650 from the Treo 600 were unable to fit the contents of their old device into the same amount of memory on the new device.

To remedy the initial complaints, Palm offered a free 128 MB SD flash card to Treo 650 users. Later ROM updates have resolved many of the performance, instability and storage inefficiency issues.

Other main concerns surrounding the Treo 650 (during its initial release period) were as follows:

 * Some users experienced random resets at one time or another. Although the cause was unknown, a complete reset via the Reset button on the back of the phone under the battery door could keep the phone stable and running most of the day.
 * Some users also reported problems with the unit's microphone. They claimed that voice clarity on the recipient's end of the connection was poor, akin to talking "inside a cardboard box." (koreth, Slashdot). Users have found that bluetooth-enabled wireless headsets or fixed headsets seemed to be an effective work-around.
 * Another problem people reported is that the handset's earpiece made it difficult to hear in loud environments. Using a bluetooth-enabled wireless headset would also take care of this problem.
 * Further issues include static or buzzing in the background of a conversation, the recipient's voice sounding buzzy as if they were speaking through a kazoo, and the phone failing to notify the user that a text message was received until the user activated the phone's screen at which point the phone would place a false timestamp on the message and act as if it had just been received.

Firmware solutions
On March 22, 2005, palmOne released the first ROM/Firmware Update (v1.12) for Sprint-branded phones which alleviated the NVFS inefficiency, random resets and the microphone problems. This was followed by a second firmware update on June 16, 2005. The Unlocked GSM Firmware Upgrade (v1.13) was also released on the day of the second Sprint Treo 650 firmware update which also addresses the problems first fixed with the first Sprint Treo 650 firmware update. The Rogers Wireless Treo 650 Firmware Update was quietly posted at the Rogers Wireless Treo 650 support site, and like the Unlocked GSM Firmware Update, fixes the main concerns during the initial release period. The initial release of the Verizon Wireless Treo 650 and the Earthlink Wireless Treo 650 already has the main concerns assessed, including the NVFS Memory System fix. On July 19, 2005, the Verizon Wireless firmware update was released. On July 25, 2005, Cingular released firmware version 1.15, and updated to 1.17 on November 21. Unlocked GSM 1.20 was released Mar 2006.

The latest (and last) GSM firmware revision is 01.71 (released 2006), with 01.31 released late 2005.

Treo 650 users are encouraged to deploy the latest version of the Treo 650 firmware available for their radio type (GSM or CDMA2000) and carrier branding.

Special Editions
Two special editions existed of the Treo 650, the first a "special colour edition" released in 2006 with spare battery and PalmOne 256MB Card included, this apparently targeted the Japanese market with extra Language functionality available in the preferences menu.

The second was named the "Black tie" limited edition targeting the Asia/Pacific region, released in 2006 and limited to 2000 units, an all black Silicone coated device celebrating 10 years of Palm, these also carried the "Palm" as opposed to the "PalmOne" logo. The "Black Tie" came with a "multi-function" stylus and a Hard case..

Both however had identical hardware functionality with the original.

Treo Ace
The Treo Ace was the rumored code name for PalmOne's Treo 650 smartphone introduced at the October 2004 CTIA Conference in San Francisco. The rumors for this product began on June 27, 2004, when TreoCentral posted detailed specifications and mockup drawings for the product. That article started the flow of hyped demand and interest for the Treo's launch that fall

The current firmware updates for the device contain a directory by the name of Ace_Update, confirming the original internal code name. A string inside the Bluetooth driver file indicates that another internal code name may have been "Ace Ventura", a reference to the movie of the same name.

Linux
The Treo 650 can boot Linux using a SD card and the cocoboot application.

Successor Palm OS products
The Treo 650 was superseded by the Treo 755p (CDMA2000), and the Treo 680 (GSM).

title: Treo 650


text:
Talk:Rebreather

Rebreather
Diving Rebreather Manufacturers  Ambient Pressure Diving (http://www.ambientpressurediving.com/) - closed circuit rebreathers  Drager (http://www.draeger.com) - semi-closed circuit rebreathers  Halcyon (http://www.halcyon.net/index.shtml) - semi-closed circuit rebreather  Kiss (http://www.jetsam.ca/) - closed circuit rebreather  Steam Machines (http://www.steammachines.com/) - rebreather Is the entry name "Kiss" valid here? I thought that this "KISS" is short for "Keep It Simple, Stupid" and is a generic noun for a type of home-made rebreather and not a maker's name or tradename. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Anthony Appleyard (talk • contribs) 20:47, 25 October 2004 (UTC)

 * KISS is perfectly valid because each of the current models is suffixed with KISS and referred to as the: Sport KISS or Classic KISS. (Sport KISS owner) 195.171.114.69 James Laver 12:19, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Both are suffixed because they are identified with a brand, using a Constant Mass Flow of O2. Many rebreathers use a KISS principle but are not associated with that brand. The use of the term is advertising, and serves no useful purpose. It is there fore removed from the title above in accord with Wikipedia guidelines. Further on the advertising, two images of current rebreathers in the article are of a sports rebreather from the same manufacturer, and shows nothing of their operation. It is suggested either both be replaced, or one replaced by another brand to give a representative article free of advertising. Incidentally, the above list is very out of date, and was out of date even when first proposed. 79.135.110.169 (talk) 20:30, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

 * We use photos that are available. If they are all of the same model, that is still better than none. If you have good images suitable for the article, please feel welcome to upload them to Commons in Commons:Category:Diving rebreathers and link to them in the article or here, and someone will make use of whatever looks best for the application. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:38, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

artificial gills
has there ever been an attempt to make artificial gills to remove dissolved oxygen from the water, or is this purely science fiction at this point? - Omegatron 18:02, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * According to http://www.wetpaper.com.au/student/chapters/24.html "In sea water, the average amount of oxygen is 7 ppm". Roughly, this means 1,000,000kg (a 10x10mx10m cube) of sea water holds 7kg of oxygen or roughly 5,000 litres (7kg / 1.42 kg/m3) at atmospheric pressure. The most economic diving equipment for oxygen consumption is the rebreather where divers typically consume 1 of oxygen l/minute, so, the diver would need to pass at least 200 litres (200 kgs) of oxygenated water through 100% efficient gills each minute to stay alive. Mark.murphy 20:11 Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * LIKE A FISH – REVOLUTIONARY UNDERWATER BREATHING SYSTEM —Preceding unsigned comment added by Omegatron (talk • contribs) 12:48, 8 June 2005 (UTC)

Types of rebreather
I don't think that Potassium Superoxide or cryogenic rebreathers belong in a section titled "Main rebreather design variants", given that they're basically non-existant. If they're to be mentioned at all, I think it should be in a section dealing with uncommon or theoretical rebreather designs. David Scarlett 05:59, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

This is not correct: MSA produce a potassium superoxide rebreather for surface emergency rescue purposes - the MSA AirElite 4h. Reference to this should be added to the article. 212.129.109.176 (talk) 08:42, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

And I built and patented an MSR variant rebreather used on Mt. Everest in 1986. See: http://www.velocitypress.com/closedcircuit.shtml. Tholzel (talk) 21:29, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

It says: "Oxygen rebreathers are no longer commonly used in diving because of the depth limit imposed by oxygen toxicity. However, they are still the most commonly used for industrial applications on the surface, (SCBA) such as in mines, due to their simplicity and compact size." However, during a informal excursion on the naval base in Den Helder, the netherlands, I was shown and told that the marines that dive still use the pure oxygen sets. Unfortunately I haven't been able to find a source, but perhaps this sentence can, for the time being, be omitted as it doesn't seem to be true. water1309

 * Oxygen rebreathers are very widely used underwater by naval divers. They are some of the most widely used rebreathers in use today, with 5 companies producing these.79.135.110.169 (talk) 20:35, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Fair comment, The article has been changed. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:46, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

"a diver --- their rebreather", and suchlike

 * The traditional use of "they", "their", etc as plural has been a handy way to distinguish singular from plural in English, ever since Anglo-Saxon took the Old Norse pronoun þeir in Viking times, and I see no need to mess it up now by using "they" as singular, or to get up to contorted sentence constructions, merely to avoid using gendered pronouns which have been in English and its ancestors ever since Common Germanic times. Giving clear information about rebreather use is more important than paranoia about avoiding a few gendered pronouns. Anthony Appleyard 17:47, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The traditional use of "they", "their", etc as singular has been a handy way to refer to someone without specifying a gender in English ever since the 14th century by such authors as Chaucer, Shakespeare, Spenser, Swift, Dickens, Orwell, Auden, and Jane Austen, and I see no need to mess it up now by insisting that the word must be plural, merely to enforce alleged grammatical rules that don't hold up when subjected to historical scrutiny. Giving clear information about rebreather use is more important than adhering to outdated notions about gender. (P.S.: The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed, explicitly recommends use of singular "they," though sadly the editors removed that recommendation in 15th ed, preferring to remain silent on the question.) --Elysdir 06:00, 13 October 2007 (UTC)
 * In most of the old uses of "they" as singular that I have seen, there is an "each" or equivalent in the sentence, e.g. "... the army ... each ... they", where there is influence from the plural. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 04:22, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Too much advertising linkspam

 * need some consensus on which of the links scattered round the page are valid and which are linkspam/ads... --Firi e n § 14:06, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Hm, maybe helpme isn't the right template here? Anyone know of a better one? 14:07, 28 June 2006 User:Firien
 * All these links are valid.There is:-
 * A list of manufacturers at the end.
 * In a few places, a mention of who made a type of rebreather which is being described.
 * Leave these links alone. Anthony Appleyard 17:09, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Spam and External links provide some guidance. I'd be happy to see the whole set of manufacturer external links removed. Perhaps just mention notable manufacturers in the article instead.--Commander Keane 14:18, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Point number 3 under External links specifies links to sites intended to sell products. Manufacturer links certainly seems to qualify. I think the section should be struck. croll 15:58, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Many of these manufacturers have been important in developing makes of rebreather. Also, many people look in Wikipedia for practical information, and this section, a handy list of rebreather makers written NPOV without spam-type clutter and praising their wares, is practical information. Leave it alone. Anthony Appleyard 16:11, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * To that end, manufacturers such as Tide have contributed to the development of detergent but we don't list them even as examples of detergent. (Example straight of the wiki policy.) Virtually all manufacturers contribute to the development of a product. I don't see how these are different. Further, there are a lot of exemplar links to sites other than manufacturers. croll 20:10, 12 March 2007 (UTC) P.S. - I added a "may contain spam" header to that section. After some discussion from other parties and once we come to a concensus it should be removed.
 * Many people look at Wikipedia for practical information. That includes finding where things are made. This page is the only place that I know of (except Wikipedia echoes) where there is a list of rebreather makers plain and not mixed with spam and pictures and other matter. Where something is made is as valid a piece of information as anything else about it. Particularly as each maker's web site contains more useful information about the rebreathers that that firm makes: information much more relevant to divers than information about detergent makers is to a housewife. Leave it alone. If a piece of information is no interest to any one reader, that reader should not casually delete it, because it may be interesting or useful to someone else. Anthony Appleyard 10:19, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That does nothing to address the point about the wikipedia policies. To the contrary, it helps prove the point. It sounds like you're saying the links should stay because it's a helpful compilation of sales links in one convenient spot. That is not what wikipedia is for. How does listing them not violate the policies? croll 13:15, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * They are not only sales links: their web sites also have useful information about those rebreathers. Anthony Appleyard 13:18, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That may be true, but when I checked them yesterday some of the links were dead and others really didn't offer any information as to the technology or information aside from how their version is better than others. There are lots of links that provide helpful information in this article (too many, IMO). I don't see why links to manufacturer pages that are biased towards sales should be included. WP:WWIN, 1.5 and 1.7, WP:LINKS, 4.1. *shrug* Regardless, I appreciate your point -- I think we just disagree. Let's wait for some other to chime in and try to come to a concensus. I promise, I won't touch the links in the meantime. :) croll 13:30, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * None of these manufacturer links are currently 404 :: I just looked thru them. Except that http://www.heliox.com/ says "Back soon / Down for scheduled maintainance". Many of these linked sites have good big useful images of these rebreathers. Hundreds of Wikipedia pages point to manufacturers' sites. Anthony Appleyard 13:42, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Just because other articles have those links doesn't mean it's okay. I'll double-check the links; I'm sure you're right, but one of the first four was down yesterday. croll 13:55, 13 March 2007 (UTC) ... Yup, just the heliox site.
 * I think that all the links there are very useful for individuals to find out more - without the manufacturers then there would not be a page here in existence. And most of the other links are very informative. 20:38, 22 March 2007 User:217.44.226.103
 * The Heliox site is dead and I deleted the link. croll 21:11, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * There is a lot of spam on this page. Every picture of a current rebreather relates to one specific manufacturer, or a kit for that manufacturer's products.  On the rebreather manufacturers list I removed Aii and Teledyne, as they make components used by some equipment rather than rebreathers.  Also removed reference to DEMA awards that was alongside one manufacturer's name, especially as the award did not relate to a rebreather but to another product. A Wikipedia page should strive for accuracy, and not succumb to being yet another marketing opportunity. 212.129.109.176 (talk) 08:50, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Link spam, deux
The "Manufacturers" type of section, while expansive, is generally not considered "bad" on Wikipedia to my knowledge, though it should probably be listed last in the "links" area.

I added the cleanup-spam template to the section about "innovations", however, as that is obvious linkspam. However, as I'm not a subject matter authority, I'll leave it to more knowledgeable folks to fix it appropriately. At most, such links should be presented as footnotes, not inline links -- but I would guess that these are not the only companies making such devices. Todd Vierling 22:59, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Todd -- thanks. I guess this is enough for a very unofficial "keep" consensus for the external links issue above (since there was never a formal question on it). Still think y'all are wrong but I can live with that. ;-) If it comes up again, you know where I stand. I'm also reluctant to delete anything on this article as I'd likely cut all those links, so -- like you -- I'll leave it to someone else. Peace. croll 21:11, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The innovation section appears to only be wiki-links now -- nothing external. Since there seems to be some mild concern about the external links section, I moved the cleanup-spam template there instead. Feel free to remove it from that section as well. Brainsik 05:11, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't want to flog a dead horse, but WP:NOT states quite clearly that Wikipedia is not a mirror or a repository of links, images, or media files, i.e. articles are not collections of external links or Internet directories, which is where the list of links to rebreather manufacturers belongs. Yes, it may be useful, but as croll pointed out, that does not necessarily mean it should be in an encyclopedia (otherwise we'd have lots more recipes ;) ). Also, the links are to sites that primarily exist to sell products or services (criterion #4 of links normally to be avoided). I too think we should delete the manufacturers section. ~ Danelo 06:22, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I just checked all the external links: 2 duplicates deleted, a 404 deleted, a link updated. Anthony Appleyard 10:14, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I decided to just be bold and I got rid of the Manufacturers section -- Naruto  Tron  22:10, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Respectfully, I think this is getting completely out of control yet again. There are now 49 external links... that's ridiculous as far as I'm concerned. I have never seen such a long list of external links on any article aside from this one, and all efforts by various editors to bring it under control have been reverted or ultimately added back in at a later date. I asked the Wikiproject External Links folks to take a look at it to try to get an outside opinion. croll (talk) 18:13, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * P.S., That doesn't even include the links to manufacturers which are now in their own section, "Some makes of rebreathers", a mix of links to other articles and to corporate websites. So, 50+ external links. croll (talk) 18:10, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. I think a careful review of the external link guidelines would result in the removal of the majority of links that are there now, including most - if not all - of the links to manufacturers websites (which are sites that primarily exist to sell products or services and thus violate guideline #5). An outside opinion would be good to have on this. ~ Danelo (talk) 08:31, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Each manufacturer's link contains useful information, which it would be tedious to all repeat in this article, and useful images which cannot be copied into Wikipedia because of copyright, about that manufacturer's products. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 04:26, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Just because they might be "useful" doesn't mean they should all be listed here. Wikipedia is not supposed to become a repository of links, which is what this article looks like. In addition to a slew of manufacturer sites intended to hawk products, many of these sites are in foreign languages (but yes, they have pictures; a tenuous rationale IMO). I find it hard to understand how this is appropriate and consistent with Wikipedia Policy; I have never seen an article with so many external links (50+). I think it would benefit the article greatly to have this list culled to the five or so links that are the most helpful and informative and I'd be willing to help do that, but I also think there has been a degree of ownership asserted over this article that makes constructive editing extremely difficult. croll (talk) 15:28, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Divers wanting detailed information about modern rebreathers might not agree. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:43, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Obviously some of them don't, but that doesn't mean it isn't an issue or that the over-inclusion is consistent with WP:WWIN simply because they disagree. I would submit this for a request for comment but I'm not sure how. croll (talk) 15:52, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Are rebreathers light?

 * I certainly wouldn't call any rebreather LIGHT except for a pure O2 rebreather (such as the military uses). They're heavy, heavy, HEAVY! 01:51, 1 September 2006 User:Cellosubmarine
 * Does that term refer to the buoyancy of the object? Despite how heavy an object might be, if it has positive bounancy then once it's in the water, it would be light. Banaticus 18:32, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Here "light" refers to weighing the rebreather when out of the water. Anthony Appleyard 22:24, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

And (ahem) my potassium superoxide rebreather for mountainineering use weighs FIVE pounds. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.104.97.215 (talk) 00:21, 17 September 2012 (UTC) block evasion Professor marginalia (talk) 19:19, 17 September 2012 (UTC)

Buoyancy control
I recall reading somewhere that buoyancy control with rebreathers is a totally different experince from open systems. Is that so? and if so, can it be put in the article? :) 85.225.87.57 (talk) 20:59, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Shallow water blackout possible contradiction
The article provides two totally different explanations for shallow water blackout. First, it says, "Among British naval rebreather divers, this type of carbon dioxide poisoning was called shallow water blackout." then later "This makes hypoxia a deadly problem for rebreather divers: it was sometimes called "shallow water blackout"." This seems like a contradiction, but I'm not qualified to fix it. Can someone familiar correct this, clarify, and add references? Superm401 - Talk 09:59, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

I am not an expert, but I cannot imagine anyone not noticeing an excess of CO2. My experience atthe Army Cold Regions lab in Hanover, NH has been that even small amounts (<1%) of CO2 cause an acute sense of suffocation and engender rapid breathing.Tholzel (talk) 21:24, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

Request For Comment -- External Links
Are the Some Makes of Rebreather and the External Links sections consistent with WP:EL and/or WP:WWIN?

 * I've submitted a RfC for this article's external links section based on the inability of the current editors to agree on whether the current list is consistent with Wikipedia policy on External Links and What Wikipedia is Not. In short, several editors feel the current list of external and manufacturer links violates Wikipedia policy by turning the article into a repository of links, some of which are to sites in violation of WP:EL by going to sites primarily intended to sell products, in a foreign language, or personal pages. Other editors feel the links are to sites that provide useful information that divers and others interested in the article's content would find helpful and informative, thus the links are consistent with Wikipedia policy. Attempts by various editors to cull the list have been consistently reverted, and there appears to be an impasse. croll (talk) 16:13, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There seems to be a fuzzy border zone between NPOV and spam :: web sites that contain some advertizing-type matter and some valid information. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 17:50, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I do like the list as it is kept current and find the information useful. The rebreather page does not have a request for such a list because of this effort (ex. dry suit talk page). I do not have a problem with the list but would a link to another external list be one possible solution (though not currently as complete as this page)? Gene Hobbs (talk) 21:12, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There seem to be no commercial links in the section Rebreather, but only in the sections after. I removed http://www.rebreathers.it/Inglese/home.htm, which seemed to be 404. I have put Rebreather in alphabetical order. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:13, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
 * First of all, all the links that I removed was all against WP:ELNO because they are promotioning a company/forum or blog. For example, this page: and this:  are forums/social networks, and, even if they may contain useful informations, like you said, it is still not alowed according to WP:ELNO. Also, I am pretty sure that this is NOT the only forum of this kind that exist in the world. What I mean is that if you can put the link of this forum on Wikipedia, then what about all the other similar forum that also contain useful informations? What are the people from the other forums are going to say: why this forum and not our's? If you can put the link of a forum, it also means that all the similar forums containing useful information can be put on Wikipedia too. If so, we will end up having 2,3,4... pages of links. I don't think that is what we want. It is also the exact same thing for the links of the manufacturers:they are not the only rebreather-maker company in this world. Even if they may contain useful information,these links are promotioning these companies; it is advertisement. DON'T FORGET, WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DIRECTORY. Finally, if you guys/girls say that all these links respect the WP:EL, then why are you, Anthony Appleyard, are putting back the templates that says: "The external links in this article may not follow Wikipedia's content policies or guidelines." and "This article may contain spam." ? It is really contradictory from what you said and what you did. Thank you. Jolenine (talk) 02:40, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * But they DO provide a "provide a unique resource", namely many images of makes of rebreathers, and descriptions of them. Information about so many makes of rebreather may be "scuba-gear-cruft" to some people, but is relevant and important to many scuba divers. See User:Gene Hobbs's message above. For example, one useful link which was deleted is "A history of closed circuit oxygen underwater breathing apparatus, published in 1970, plenty of images, including mountaineering rebreathers": it is good information about early rebreathers
 * It would be useful if we could discuss separately these subsets of this list:
 * "Surface-only (industrial) rebreather manufacturers", "Diving rebreather manufacturers", "Makers of parts for rebreathers": which I admit are commercial links (which answers the end part of User:Jolenine's last message above), but have many good images which are copyright and thus not available in other web sites.
 * "Other information sources", "Notable former diving rebreather manufacturers": these are not advertisory as far as I can see.
 * "Rebreather-related forums" :: I appreciate User:Jolenine's message above, but to people wanting information about rebreathers, where to find a good relevant forum is useful information. To find those forums I had to scavenge and ask all over the place; easier to find those links to forums here. I was not intending to list every scuba forum that exists.
 * Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:40, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, OK, I have found other housing for the list of commercial links. Is this new format OK? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:59, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * If you thin out this list, please do not revert, but work from the current version and delete or comment out the links which you do not want. That way, a compare will show easily what has gone or changed or appeared. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 12:10, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

I came to this page from when I was doing cleanup on the Kiss (disambiguation) page. There, we have an entry for Kiss which directs people to this Rebreather page, but the only mention of "Kiss" here is a listing for the Kiss rebreathers. This listing has no other sources than a link to the company webpage. This makes me uncomfortable, because I feel it runs afoul of Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information, and possibly WP:CORP. Now, if there are third-party sources, not directly affiliated with the company, which say that Kiss rebreathers are a notable example of this type of equipment, then I might be okay on including the information here in the Wikipedia article. Otherwise no, it's just a bit too spammy. And the idea that we'd use up a slot on a disambig page just to direct people here, also makes me uncomfortable. If we tried to do that for every brand name in the world, to whichever product page that brand name was for, I think we'd run into quite a bit of resistance very rapidly. Now, I did read the above comments, and I understand the debate between "useful links" and "scuba cruft", and I agree that this is a bit of a judgment call. The tipping point for me, is independent third-party reliable sources. So, add a couple sources, and the link can stay. If not, it should probably be removed. --Elonka 23:51, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

External links again

 * I saw that somebody returned a batch of external links to the article and upon seeing the mass linkfarm that was already there I set about trimming the links that were in violation of WP:EL. Please, please, read over WP:EL before discussing the links or adding any more to the article.  Thank you, Themfromspace (talk) 09:21, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

 * This article is still in need of cleanup and I intend to restore the March 2008 template. Per WP:MOSLINK, it is much better to avoid using external links in the body of the article. The information contained in them should be incorporated into the text and they should be converted to citations to support that information, or they should be moved to an "External links" or "Further reading" section if the information they contain is relevant but impossible to incorporate. In the latter case, they will still need to meet the requirements of policy in WP:EL, particularly the prohibition on links to "chat or discussion forums". As for the current external links, all but the copyrighted images could be incorporated into the article, as long as they meet WP:V. If they don't meet WP:V, they shouldn't be in the article anyway. --RexxS (talk) 15:51, 24 January 2009 (UTC)
 * You just added the template after many of the links I removed were restored without comment. Take a look at which were readded and let us know what you think of them.  I think the article just got turned back into a linkfarm. Themfromspace (talk) 15:58, 24 January 2009 (UTC)
 * As to the links that just got added, the links to links to the companys shouldn't be added because Wikipedia isn't a place to promote specific companys. This is an article about rebreathers in general, not about buying rebreathers.  Wikipedia shouldn't point people to specific companys.  I object to the link to therebreathersite dot nl on a ground that I normally don't use and that is ELNO#5, which deals with pages with objectionble amounts of advertising.  That link is to a linkfarm in itself!  Finally, the nobubblediving site is a dead link.  Why were these links readded if not for promotion purposes? Themfromspace (talk) 16:07, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

 * (ec) To be honest, I don't think any of the 37 external links scattered around the article should be there, but I'm willing to compromise. However:
 * WP:ELNO number 1 says avoid "Any site that does not provide a unique resource beyond what the article would contain if it became a Featured article." - that would dispose of most of them.
 * Number 2 says avoid "Any site that misleads the reader by use of factually inaccurate material or unverifiable research." - much of the information pointed to by the links would probably be "unverifiable research" as it is unlikely to meet WP:RS.
 * Number 5 says avoid "Links to web pages that primarily exist to sell products or services" - which several links fail to meet.
 * Number 9 says avoid "Links to any search results pages" - there's at least one link to a Google search.
 * Number 10 says avoid "Links to social networking sites, chat or discussion forums/groups, USENET newsgroups or e-mail lists." - which disqualifies any links to forums.
 * Number 13 says avoid "Sites that are only indirectly related to the article's subject" - which in my humble opinion removes the scubadoc link on shallow water blackout, particularly as we have a wikipedia article that could be linked if relevant.
 * Number 14 says avoid "Lists of links to manufacturers, suppliers or customers." - which covers an entire subsection.
 * So, I submit that the onus is on anyone who wishes to add external links to justify them. If they meet WP:EL, I won't object. --RexxS (talk) 16:23, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Why I have restored some of the deleted matter:
 * I restored ==Some makes of rebreather== because it was not a link-farm but partly internal Wikipedia blue-links and partly history of various makes of rebreathers. Please do not "throw the baby out with the bathwater", but please list and discuss about each link that seems to be undesirable.
 * I restored 5 other links. Particularly, Siebe Gorman was extremely notable in rebreather making and developing.
 * Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:27, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation, Anthony. All of the following is merely my humble opinion:
 * Can I first of all say that Siebe Gorman is a most appropriate link, but why do we then need Siebe Gorman next to it? That external link is already on the Siebe Gorman page where it is encouraged (see WP:ELYES "1. Wikipedia articles about any organization, person, web site, or other entity should link to the subject's official site, if any).
 * Using CCR Rebreathers in cave diving - the information in there would make a great expansion to this article (per WP:ELNO 1), if it can be shown to meet WP:V; if it can't, we shouldn't be directing readers to it (per WP:ELNO 2).
 * In-depth explanation on how rebreathers work - as above.
 * Image gallery of LAR-6 and LAR-7 and FGT II and LAR V rebreathers, and other combat frogman's kit - fails ELNO 5.
 * A history of closed circuit oxygen underwater breathing apparatus - looks good to me, but I'd still consider incorporating the information and using the site as a reference.
 * Rebreather Articles - would be the exception to ELNO 11, if the author's recognized authority were shown, but we don't have the article Cedric Verdier, the minimum standard to establish that.
 * Information on shallow water blackout - fails ELNO 13. This article already has an internal link to the article Shallow water blackout and that page has the ScubaDoc external link, where it is less inappropriate.
 * Richard Pyle's rebreather page - duplicate of In-depth explanation on how rebreathers work.
 * The Rebreather Site - fails ELNO 5 & 12. A deep link to the images might be appropriate.
 * Rebreatherworld list of links to rebreather manufacturers - fails ELNO 14.
 * Therebreathersite list of links to rebreather manufacturers' websites - fails ELNO 14.
 * Is that enough to start with? Please accept that all the above is only my personal opinion and I'm happy to discuss in more detail any that we might disagree on. --RexxS (talk) 01:56, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Re queried links:
 * Image gallery of LAR-6 and LAR-7 and FGT II and LAR V rebreathers, and other combat frogman's kit - fails ELNO 5.
 * It contains many useful images, far too many to link to each separately from here. (The small images are thumbnails which if clicked lead to big images.) Again arises the problem of a site which contains both advertisement and useful information.
 * Rebreather Articles - would be the exception to ELNO 11, if the author's recognized authority were shown, but we don't have the article Cedric Verdier, the minimum standard to establish that.
 * Please clarify. (Info: Cedric Verdier's name occurs as a signature on that page.)
 * The Rebreather Site - fails ELNO 5 & 12. A deep link to the images might be appropriate.
 * ELNO5: This site contains much information, if you ignore the adverts which clutter its front page and click at the column of links down its left edge.
 * ELNO12: This site does not look like a wiki to me.
 * Rebreatherworld list of links to rebreather manufacturers - fails ELNO 14.
 * Therebreathersite list of links to rebreather manufacturers' websites - fails ELNO 14.
 * Sometimes people do want to know who makes each sort of rebreather, plain and not mixed with advertizers' blah. I thought that a brief pointer to an external list would be acceptable. Otherwise people would have to ferret and ferret for this information.
 * Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:26, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I for one completely agree with Rexxs. Look at all the featured articles on this encyclopedia, they do not link around brand names and such.  This is totally unacceptable and these links, most particularly the ones to the manufacturers, have to go.  Anthony, up above I see you've been defending these links for literally years against others who have brought up similiar concerns.  Please reread WP:EL to see that most of these links do not belong in this article.  Wikipedia is not a linkfarm. Themfromspace (talk) 10:29, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I reverted the links as it appears theres a strong consensus on this talk page to do so. Looking through the discussion it seems this problem has been going on for some time and at one time an RfC was called for the links.  Looking through the comments, the users who agree that this is a linkfarm and the links to go are Firien, Carlroller, 212.129.109.176, Todd Vierling, Danelo, Naruto Tron, Jolenine, Elonka, RexxS, and Themfromspace.  Users who agree the links should stay are Gene Hobbs, and Anthony Appleyard, who has been defending the links as an army of one against all of the above.  Consensus clearly shows that the links should go.  Anthony, do not revert them before discussing it here as you'd be editing against consensus. Themfromspace (talk) 10:46, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

http://www.therebreathersite.nl

 * I see nothing wrong with including http://www.therebreathersite.nl (The Rebreather Site). Please comment. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 14:42, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The most important thing about external links is that they should add something that the article itself cannot do. This could be linking to official sites of the subject, but since the subject in this case is an object and not a corporation or a person it does not have an official site.  External links can also be used to bypass copyright infriingement by linking to a copyrighted source.  If a link can help out an article, try incorporating the text from the link into the article, but Wikipedia shouldn't be used as a linkfarm or to promote sites that you have a personal relationship with.  And you do have a personal relationship with this site, Anthony, as you are personally thanked by the site and your own link is linked to.  In that regard, please look over the conflict of interest guidelines for editng links which might generate traffic to your personal site.
 * Now as to the link itself, I already mentioned that it contains objectionable amounts of advertising. About half of the homepage is devoted to ads to other sites.  Also, it doesn't offer up much that helps the encyclopedia or the article.  The pages on the "Info about rebreathers" link do not need to be linked to as any appropriate material can be lifted from there and cited accordingly.  The webshop shouldn't be linked to since it's a commercial business.  The photo galleries, while interesting, do not need to be linked to since there's already another link to galleries and a photo of a rebreather on the article page.  Any information that this site has that can help the encyclopedia can and should be implemented and sourced into the main article, but the site as a whole shouldn't be linked to. Themfromspace (talk) 15:06, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I know that http://www.therebreathersite.nl contains advertisement, to help pay for the man to run his site, but it (and the pages that it links to from the column of lines of text at mid left) contain a massive amount of good information. See http://www.therebreathersite.nl/08_Website_Related_Information/speed_menu.htm for a list of what is on his site. Wikipedia is not a hermitage, and in the real world people have to put up with seeing unwanted advertisement when going for something that they want. OK, OK, I have accepted loss of the big section ==Some makes of rebreather== that much of the trouble was about, same as earlier I accepted loss of the big list of rebreather manufacturers. Please, this is only ONE LINK. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:19, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Not yet. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 16:11, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response, Anthony. May I clarify further, then:
 * Image gallery of .... Ideally, we would get permission to include such images on Wikipedia directly. I accept that may not be possible, in which case we should weigh the balance between linking to information and sites containing advertisement. There are a lot of good images there and I am willing to be persuaded that this link could be justified.
 * Rebreather Articles. WP:ELNO 11: "Avoid links to personal web pages, except those written by a recognized authority." Wikipedia avoids directing readers to personal websites because the information there lacks verifiability. The standard is no less than that we require for information incorporated into articles. Anybody could write anything on a webpage and for that reason we neither link to personal pages nor use them as citations. The exception is if the webpage is written by a recognised authority on the subject. Wikipedia states that a minimum requirement for accepting someone as a recognised authority is that they meet our criteria for notability (usually proven by having a wikipedia article themselves, sorry if I wasn't clear about that). Personally, I agree that Verdier ought to be considered an authority on rebreathers, but I'd be hard-pushed to justify that to a non-diver. As an alternative, have you considered incorporating some of the interesting information from his page into this article? He has had several books published and I'm sure there would be enough citations from those to source such information.
 * The Rebreather Site - apologies, it's nothing to do with wikis. My concerns were about advertising and being a personal webpage (EL 5 & 11). I do think it's a good site, but what does a link to the homepage actually add to our article? Is there content in there that couldn't be in this article? The obvious part would be the image gallery there, and I was suggesting a deep-link (e.g. the Image Gallery page directly, rather than the homepage) could be much more justifiable, particularly a link like http://www.therebreathersite.nl/02_Photo_Galleries/Photos_O2_RB.htm if it were associated with something in the text to illustrate what certain types look like.
 * If people want to know who makes each sort of rebreather, then I would have thought something in the text on first mention of a particular model like " ... the Inspiration closed-circuit rebreather, made by Ambient Pressure Diving Ltd, ..." would satisfy that. I don't see a reason to direct readers to the manufacturer's website directly, just the reference should be enough for those interested. Of course, if the manufacturer has a wikipedia article, then a link to that would be even better.
 * }}

Closed circuit mixed gas rebreathers section graphic
The diagram in the section 'Closed circuit mixed gas rebreathers' has missing and misplaced labels on the electronic components. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:E000:90DE:4300:AC7C:E1D3:ACAA:5A63 (talk) 14:20, 5 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Well spotted, and thanks for letting us know. It has been fixed. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 15:29, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I suggest that Diffuser (breathing set part) should be merged into this article as for most purposes it is a part of the structure of a diving rebreather and is hardly ever found on open circuit diving equipment. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 17:19, 1 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I think that we might have to follow the sources here, . Although I agree that Rebreather would be the obvious choice to us, at least two of the four sources in Diffuser (breathing set part) discuss the use of specialised diffusers in conjunction with open-circuit scuba. That indicates to me that we ought to also consider the possibility of merging Diffuser into Scuba set, where all four sources would be relevant. What do others think? --RexxS (talk) 20:33, 1 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Good point . I quite agree to merging any parts that are useful into the appropriate articles. My objection to the current article is that it is a subset of diffusers that just happen to be used in diving equipment, and a subset of component parts of diving equipment that happen to be diffusers. This is not a particularly notable way of distinguishing between diffusers, and unlikely to become a significant article anytime soon. We may as well have an article on bolts used in the construction industry. I would be quite happy with merging into a more inclusive destination. I have not heard of diffusers used on SSDE, so scuba set may well be the best place available. I will revise the notices accordingly. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:47, 2 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Good point . I quite agree to merging any parts that are useful into the appropriate articles. My objection to the current article is that it is a subset of diffusers that just happen to be used in diving equipment, and a subset of component parts of diving equipment that happen to be diffusers. This is not a particularly notable way of distinguishing between diffusers, and unlikely to become a significant article anytime soon. We may as well have an article on bolts used in the construction industry. I would be quite happy with merging into a more inclusive destination. I have not heard of diffusers used on SSDE, so scuba set may well be the best place available. I will revise the notices accordingly. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:47, 2 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Good point . I quite agree to merging any parts that are useful into the appropriate articles. My objection to the current article is that it is a subset of diffusers that just happen to be used in diving equipment, and a subset of component parts of diving equipment that happen to be diffusers. This is not a particularly notable way of distinguishing between diffusers, and unlikely to become a significant article anytime soon. We may as well have an article on bolts used in the construction industry. I would be quite happy with merging into a more inclusive destination. I have not heard of diffusers used on SSDE, so scuba set may well be the best place available. I will revise the notices accordingly. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:47, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

Done.• • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 12:51, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Split and merge Diving rebreather
Both Rebreather and Rebreather diving are very long articles. Quite a lot of the content in both articles is on the topic of diving rebreathers. I propose splitting out the content on diving rebreathers from Rebreather to Diving rebreather, and possibly splitting and merging some content from Rebreather diving to Diving rebreather. Courtesy pinging · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 10:12, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

Discuss:
 * I do not expect this to be controversial. This article is very large and the content on diving rebreathers is clearly notable, with many reliable independent sources already in use. If there are no logical objections after a week I will split at my convenience. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 08:39, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Seems like it is already over a week without comments, so will do the split. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 06:26, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Diving rebreather has been split out. Turns out it was the major part of the content. Some trimming may still be desirable. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 11:02, 5 May 2021 (UTC)

Diagram for Architecture/Components subheadings
@Pbsouthwood - do you have any images depicting a basic repreather setup (ie not one of the variations, showing only the components described in Rebreather and Rebreather? A diagram here would be very useful for general understanding; otherwise perhaps Rebreather and Rebreather could be moved below Rebreather so as to reference the diagrams already in the article. Darkskysunflowers (talk) 17:47, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I get your point, but I think the architecture section is better where it is and should get its own image(s). Do you think a couple of photos showing a pendulum and a loop rebreather or a very basic schematic diagram with just the ambient pressure breathing gas spaces of a pendulum and a loop rebreather would work best?
 * I will think about what would work best for the components section, but if you have any suggestions I would like to see them. It is a bit more tricky, since unless one is reasonably familiar with breathers, a photo is probably not going to help much. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 16:43, 18 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with the placement of the architecture section, and also that photos would not add much. What I would like to see is the most basic schematic diagram possible, anchored beneath the Architecture heading, that is labelled with each of the subheadings under Architecture and Components.
 * I only bring this up because I was reading the Architecture and Components sections myself and needed a diagram for it to make sense, so searched google images and found what I was looking for and it linked back to the Rebreather wiki article! They were just further down the page.  But none of those variant diagrams illustrates the basic must-have components only.  So I was hoping amongst all of your (excellent) diagrams you may have one for just the basics. Darkskysunflowers (talk) 03:19, 19 October 2022 (UTC)
 * , I will try to draw a diagram for this. It may take a while to work out what will work beat, so if you have further suggestions, go ahead. I will ping you when I have something. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 03:50, 20 October 2022 (UTC)
 * - I was hoping you had something on-deck, wasn't implying you should make a new diagram de novo! Would love to see it if you have the inclination to however.  For future reference either way, I think most useful would be the following points:
 * - Diagram applicable to any application of a rebreather, ie:
 * - Diagram in harmony with the article prose describing the fewest necessary components for a device to be accurately termed a 'rebreather'.
 * - Any components beyond this least-necessary-components device separated from the architecture and components section, or made sub-headings, and not included in the diagram
 * - Anything beyond this least-necessary (Minimum Viable Product-adjacent) set of components be detailed in the Variants subheading
 * - Perhaps moving the History section elsewhere such that the basic Architecture / Components section is adjacent to Variants
 * I'm looking at this from a mine rescue/exploration perspective, and amongst all of the applications listed under that section, it could be useful to point each application to the variant(s) most often encountered in that domain. Of course this is separate from the above, just another thing I've noticed reading the article.  Best - Darkskysunflowers (talk) 01:54, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I will cut and paste where I can, but I have no existing diagrams that would be right for thr job.
 * I am a diver. I have no experience in the mine rescue and exploration applications, so if you have ideas for that and access to references, lets have them. I am also a mechanical engineer so the concepts, mechanism, and drawings are no problem. I will also look at options for moving the History setion. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 03:53, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * , I have produced a diagram for the Architecture and Components sections, and found a photo that illustrates the components quite well. I have also done a major bit of editing, including some clarification and removing some diving specific content. Your feedback would be appreciated. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 00:39, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
 * - Your new diagrams are fantastic! Perfect for making the Architecture and Components section generic to all applications.  Kudos (and sorry for the delay in feedback)!
 * I intend to make some basic diction/formatting edits but I feel the edits you've made add substantial clarity to this page and have also improved the Diving Rebreather page substantially. Darkskysunflowers (talk) 04:01, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * , You are welcome. and thanks for the feedback. Let me know when you are done, and particularly if you find anything that is unclear or needs expansion. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 10:10, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

resqueteam in mine
on tv a requeteam helping miners in a colapsed min seemed to use a rebreather is this link commercial? https://www.biomarineinc.com/product-biomarine-biopak-240r — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.149.83.125 (talk) 18:04, 15 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rebreather


text:
Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television

The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Actor on Television (formerly Best Genre TV Actor).

The award is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, honoring the work of actors in science fiction, fantasy, and horror fiction on television.

As of the 47th Saturn Awards in 2022, the award is known as Best Actor in a Network or Cable Television Series and features a sister category: Saturn Award for Best Actor in a Streaming Television Series.

(NOTE: Year refers to year of eligibility, the actual ceremonies are held the following year.)

The winners are listed in bold.

Multiple nominations

 * 8 nominations
 * Richard Dean Anderson
 * Michael C. Hall
 * 7 nominations
 * Andrew Lincoln
 * 6 nominations
 * Ben Browder
 * Bryan Cranston
 * Matthew Fox
 * Sam Heughan
 * Noah Wyle
 * 5 nominations
 * David Boreanaz
 * Grant Gustin
 * Tom Welling
 * 4 nominations
 * David Duchovny
 * Timothy Hutton
 * 3 nominations
 * Scott Bakula
 * Bruce Campbell
 * Mads Mikkelsen
 * Edward James Olmos
 * 2 nominations
 * Kevin Bacon
 * Jason Behr
 * Nicholas Brendon
 * Eric Close
 * Mike Colter
 * Charlie Cox
 * Matt Dallas
 * Hugh Dancy
 * Lance Henriksen
 * Freddie Highmore
 * Seth MacFarlane
 * Julian McMahon
 * Stephen Moyer
 * Bob Odenkirk
 * Patrick Stewart

Multiple wins

 * 3 wins
 * David Boreanaz (2 consecutive)

 * 2 wins
 * Ben Browder
 * Bryan Cranston (consecutive)
 * Matthew Fox
 * Andrew Lincoln
 * Patrick Stewart


text:
Henry Thomas

Henry Jackson Thomas (born September 9, 1971) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor and had the lead role of Elliott Taylor in the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), for which he won a Young Artist Award and received a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and Saturn Award nominations. Thomas also had roles in other films, including Cloak & Dagger (1984), Fire in the Sky (1993), Legends of the Fall (1994), Suicide Kings (1997), All the Pretty Horses (2000), Gangs of New York (2002), 11:14 (2003), and Dear John (2010). Thomas was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film for his role in the television film Indictment: The McMartin Trial (1997).

More recently, Thomas collaborated with filmmaker Mike Flanagan, appearing in the films Ouija: Origin of Evil (2016), Gerald's Game (2017) and Doctor Sleep (2019) as well as the television series The Haunting of Hill House (2018) (which earned him a Saturn Award) and its follow-up series The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020). In 2021, he had a main role in Flanagan's horror series Midnight Mass, and, in 2023, he starred as one of the Usher siblings in The Fall of the House of Usher (2023), also by Flanagan.

Early life
Thomas was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended East Central High School and Blinn College.

Acting
Thomas struggled with the popularity he gained in the months following the release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. In November 2019, Thomas reprised his role as Elliott for an Xfinity & Sky UK commercial, in which E.T. returns to visit a now-adult Elliott and his family for the holidays.

Since 2016, Thomas has worked frequently with filmmaker Mike Flanagan, appearing in his films Ouija: Origin of Evil, Gerald's Game and Doctor Sleep, as well as in the Netflix horror series The Haunting of Hill House, which Flanagan created and directed. Thomas also has a role in Flanagan's follow up to The Haunting of Hill House, The Haunting of Bly Manor, and Flanagan's mini-series Midnight Mass.

Thomas worked in Stargirl portraying Doctor Mid-Nite and voicing his A.I. counterpart "Chuck" until the latter role was recast with Alex Collins in season two.

Music
Thomas wrote songs and played guitar for a San Antonio band, The Blue Heelers (named for the breed of dog), in the 1990s. Although the band was not signed to a record label, it self-produced an album, Twister. Thomas continued to write and record songs. In 1998, his song "Truckstop Coffee" (recorded with the Blue Heelers) appeared on V2's soundtrack for Niagara, Niagara. In 2003, Thomas and Nikki Sudden collaborated on the music for Mika Kaurismäki's film Honey Baby, which featured four original songs written and performed by Thomas as the fictional musician Tom Brackett. An album was in the works, but Sudden died unexpectedly in 2006.

Personal life
Thomas married actress Marie Zielcke on May 10, 2004. They had a daughter, Hazel. The couple were divorced in 2007. Thomas also has two children with his current wife Annalee, and in 2014 moved to Wilsonville, Oregon.

Other honors

 * VH1's "100 Greatest Kid Stars"
 * 2005, ranked #4, E!'s "50 Cutest Child Stars All Grown-up"
 * 2013, inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame.

title: Henry Thomas


text:
Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television

The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Actress on Television. The award is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, honoring the work of actresses in science fiction, fantasy, and horror fiction on television. The winners are listed in bold (NOTE: Year refers to year of eligibility, the actual ceremonies are held the following year.)

As of the 47th Saturn Awards in 2022, the award is known as Best Actress in a Network or Cable Television Series and features a sister category: Saturn Award for Best Actress in a Streaming Television Series.

Multiple nominations

 * 8 nominations
 * Gillian Anderson

 * 7 nominations
 * Caitríona Balfe
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar

 * 6 nominations
 * Evangeline Lilly
 * Kyra Sedgwick

 * 5 nominations
 * Melissa Benoist
 * Claudia Black
 * Lena Headey
 * Jennifer Love Hewitt
 * Anna Torv

 * 4 nominations
 * Jennifer Garner
 * Kristin Kreuk
 * Kate Mulgrew

 * 3 nominations
 * Kristen Bell
 * Vera Farmiga
 * Jessica Lange
 * Rachel Nichols
 * Anna Paquin
 * Sarah Paulson

 * 2 nominations
 * Jessica Alba
 * Patricia Arquette
 * Charisma Carpenter
 * Claudia Christian
 * Kim Dickens
 * Shannen Doherty
 * Mireille Enos
 * Anna Gunn
 * Sonequa Martin-Green
 * Adrianne Palicki
 * Candice Patton
 * Rebecca Romijn
 * Jeri Ryan
 * Rhea Seehorn
 * Amber Tamblyn

Multiple wins

 * 4 wins
 * Caitríona Balfe (2 consecutive)
 * Anna Torv (consecutive)

 * 2 wins
 * Jennifer Love Hewitt (consecutive)


text:
Category:Atira asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Atira asteroids


text:
Talk:Amaryllidoideae

All of my gardening books classify Hippeastrum to the family "Amaryllidaceae", not liliaceae, altough it is clear that it is not part of the genus "Amaryllis". Also there is a discrepancy between the articles Hippeastrum and Amaryllidaceae in this matter. Can somebody clarify? --Chino 09:59, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * There is much churn in plant taxonomy these days; see Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and things that link to it. Stan 16:52, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * This has now been fixed. Hippeastrum and Amaryllis are in subfamily Amaryllidoideae, part of the broadly defined family Amaryllidaceae in the 2009 APG III system of classification. Peter coxhead (talk) 13:13, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Copyright violations
The extremely dense text in the section "Reproductive biology" (needs trimming for wikipedia and) shows considerable text similarity to I have not done an extensive search for other possible sources. Nadiatalent (talk) 12:47, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

The evolution section has copied sentences from.

Unless this is cleaned up very soon, I will delete considerable chunks from these two sections. Nadiatalent (talk) 14:41, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * This material was apparently all written in May 2009 by User:EnCASF, alias es:Usuario:CASF. Material written by Spanish Wikipedia editors has caused me problems before (particularly when I translated the Spanish version of Asparagales and found that the back-translation to English was very similar to sources such as APweb – see Talk:Asparagales). I think this isn't deliberate plagiarism, but in large part due to the problems non-native speakers have in paraphrasing. (I suspect that large parts of similar detail in Amaryllidaceae and Amaryllidoideae are basically translations from English sources.) I entirely agree that the material needs considerable trimming by the standards of the English Wikipedia; this trimming and paraphrasing would fix the plagiarism, I suspect. I was aware of this problem when I converted the article from Amaryllidaceae to Amaryllidoideae; fixing it is on a "to-do list" somewhere... Peter coxhead (talk) 12:05, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Hi, I agree that we could fix this, and I'll try to snip away at it over the next couple of weeks. However, I think that anyone, including non-native speakers should understand that copying and pasting chunks of text is not acceptable. Translation of copyrighted material is also not acceptable without permission from the copyright holder. If people from the Barrett lab see what wikipedia has done with the product that they have worked so hard to create (and I'd bet that they have seen it), they will surely conclude that wikipedia is a menace to society. For that reason I'd like to send an email message to Dr Barrett (and perhaps others). Ideally that would be after it has been fixed, something along the lines of "we've cleaned this up, if you know of any more plagiarism of your work in wikipedia, help is available to clean that up too". Nadiatalent (talk) 17:06, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree entirely that what appears here is not acceptable and neither is direct translation (although I was somewhat impressed that my Google-assisted translation of Spanish to English resulted in chunks of text that were then word-for-word the same as the source!). By the way, I see that the first author of the second of your examples, this, has actually edited the article (I happen to know his WP username) and hasn't complained. Peter coxhead (talk) 19:17, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

So would you alert him as well? Some of the professional scientists might have access to software that could help to detect further examples, such as Turnitin, but I still think that it would be good to wait until after we've made some serious headway in cleaning this up before what amounts to asking them for assistance. I don't know whether Turnitin tries to detect translation plagiarism ... Nadiatalent (talk) 19:35, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree: try to clean it up first. (Turnitin relies entirely on text matching, so doesn't detect translation plagiarism.) Peter coxhead (talk) 15:57, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

Copyright issues
I see that some copying was discovered and worked on above, but considerable copied content remains - see, for instance, and. I'm afraid that all of this content was added by User:EnCASF in this series of edits. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 03:58, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree that this material is far too close to the sources. There's a minimal version at User:Peter_coxhead/Work/Amaryllidoideae which I suggest should replace the last version of the article. I am then willing to try to add back some of the information, without of course plagiarizing the sources. Much of the material is too detailed and too complex anyway for a Wikipedia article. Peter coxhead (talk) 20:50, 15 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you, ! It's much better to have an article than leave this one blanked for months. I've put it in place and would be very happy for you to develop it further. However, I did revision delete it - if you need it back while you review the sources used, please let me know at my talk page. :) It doesn't have to be revision deleted now, although with content this extensive I think it needs to be removed eventually. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:27, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

 * For reference - the old version is here, which could probably be rewritten. I will put it on my list for the revision of this family. --Michael Goodyear (talk) 15:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Strategy
I think this page will work best in combination with Amaryllidaceae if it is the primary source for Amaryllidaceae s.s. (pre APG) and Amarylloidoideae (post APG), while Amaryllidacea treats the s.l. usage (post APG) as is more of a summary page. --Michael Goodyear (talk) 18:15, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Amaryllidoideae


text:
The Butterfly's Ball, and the Grasshopper's Feast

The Butterfly's Ball, and the Grasshopper's Feast is a poem by William Roscoe, written in 1802, and telling the story of a party for insects and other small animals.

Background
Two anonymous sequels were The Peacock 'At Home' and The Lion's Masquerade and the Elephant's Champetre, both initially credited to "A Lady", and describing similar parties for birds and large mammals. The Peacock 'At Home' was very popular and the 1809 edition revealed the author to be Catherine Ann Dorset.

The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast is also the title of a 1973 picture book by Alan Aldridge and William Plomer, loosely based on the poem. This greatly expanded and altered the original work, focusing more on the animals' preparations for the Ball. Aldridge went on to create two more books based on the sequels; The Peacock Party and The Lion's Cavalcade.

An animated short based on Aldridge's illustrations, but once more focusing on the Ball itself, was made in 1974, with Roger Glover writing the accompanying song 'Love Is All", based on the song "Love's All You Need" mentioned in the book. This was supposed to lead to a full length animated film, which did not get made. However, Glover had written a full soundtrack, which was performed and released as a rock opera, The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast.