text:
Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons

Admiral Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons, (21 November 1790 – 23 November 1858) was an eminent British Admiral of the Royal Navy, and diplomat, who ensured Britain's victory in the Crimean War, during which he was Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet, by his contribution at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) with both the Royal Navy and the British Army.

As a consequence of his 'intelligence and great ability', 'quiet humour', 'frankness and urbanity', and 'vigilance and practical skill', Lyons was appointed to ambassadorial positions in Sweden, and in Switzerland, and to the court of King Otto of Greece.

Lyons (whose brother Vice-Admiral John Lyons was on HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar and served as British Ambassador to Egypt) was the father of the diplomat Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons (who was the British Ambassador to the USA who solved the Trent Affair, and who was later British Ambassador to France). Edmund's nephews included Admiral of the Fleet Sir Algernon Lyons.

Family
Edmund Lyons was born at Whitehayes House, Burton, near Christchurch, on 21 November 1790. He was the fourth son of Captain John Lyons, an owner of extensive sugar plantations in Antigua, whose British residence was at St. Austen's, Lymington, Hampshire, and Catherine (née Walrond), daughter of Maine Swete Walrond, 5th Marquis de Vallado. His brothers included Vice-Admiral John Lyons (1787–1872), who was on board HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar and who served as British Ambassador in Egypt; Maine Walrond Lyons, (1798–1827), a lieutenant in the Royal Navy who was killed at Battle of Navarino; and Humphrey Lyons (1802–1873), a lieutenant-general in the Indian (Bombay) Army.

His nephews included Admiral of the Fleet Sir Algernon McLennan Lyons (1833–1908), and Richard Lyons Pearson, Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. His godparents were Sir Richard Hussey Bickerton and Lady Bickerton.

Naval and diplomatic service
Lyons first went to sea on board HMS Terrible in 1798, when he was eight years old. He then returned to England to attend Hyde Abbey School near Winchester, which he attended until 1803, when he joined the Royal Navy and the crew of the frigate HMS Active, with which he remained for four years. He served at the passage of the Dardanelles, under Sir John Duckworth, in February 1807.

He was posted to the West Indies later in 1807 and commissioned as a lieutenant in 1809, as which he participated in the capture of Banda Neira, for which he was mentioned for gallantry and promoted. Lyons then served as a flag-lieutenant, to Rear-Admiral Drury, aboard HMS Minden (74 guns). In 1810, he served in the 18-gun sloop HMS Barracouta (1807) notably at the capture, from the Dutch, on 9 August 1810, of Banda Neira in the Moluccas during the Invasion of the Spice Islands: Lyons was involved in the assault on Fort Belgica.

Lyons destroys Fort Marrack
In 1811, a planned British attack on the fortified port of Fort Marrack, in the Sunda Strait of Batavia, Dutch East Indies, was postponed after the Royal Navy received intelligence that Dutch reinforcements had arrived. Lyons with only 34 men attacked the fort anyway and destroyed its 180-strong garrison and 54 guns. Lyons was on 25 July dispatched to land Dutch prisoners on the island. On his return journey, on 30 July, he decided to launch a surprise midnight attack on the Dutch fort with the 34 men who accompanied him. Lyons stormed and captured the Dutch battery, and dispersed its Dutch garrison of 180 men and two boat-crews, and gunned down the Dutch reinforcements as they arrived, and then dismantled the fort and destroyed its 54 guns with dynamite so that they could not be used on the British Fleet.

This action was praised by the Royal Navy as 'the most outstanding example of individual bravery in the wars which followed the French Revolution'. Lyons's Commander-in-Chief, Commodore Broughton, acknowledged Lyons's 'gallantry and zeal' but criticised Lyons because 'the attack was made contrary to orders'. but Lyons was nevertheless for this action mentioned in dispatches and proposed for early promotion to the rank of Commander, which he received on 21 March 1812.

Marriage and issue
After his attack on Marrack, Lyons's health deteriorated and he returned to Britain. In 1814, he was promoted to captain and commanded the sloop HMS Rinaldo (1808) in the fleet that escorted the French King Louis XVIII and other allied sovereigns from England to France. On 18 July 1814, at Southwick, Hampshire, he married Augusta Louisa (1792–1852), daughter of Captain Josias Rogers of the navy. He was unemployed until 1828, whilst he and his wife had two sons and two daughters:

 * 1) Anne Theresa Bickerton Lyons (1815–1894), who married Philip Hartmann Veit von Würtzburg, Baron von Würtzburg, in Bavaria, in 1839.

 * 1) Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons (1817–1887). Eminent diplomat who served during the American Civil War, in which he solved the Trent affair, and who founded the Lyons School of Diplomacy. He was a favourite of Queen Victoria who stated that she would allow him to represent her 'at any court in the world'. Richard was granted the higher noble titles of Viscount (1881) and Earl (1887), but he died, unmarried and without issue, before he had formally received the latter.

 * 1) Edmund Moubray Lyons (1819–1855). Captain in the Royal Navy who was killed in the Crimean War and died without issue.

 * 1) Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons (1821–1886), who married, in, 1839, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk, and whose grandson was Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian.

Early Mediterranean service
Lieutenant Maine Walrond Lyons, one of Edmund Lyons's younger brothers, was killed at the Battle of Navarino in 1827. The Duke of Clarence, who was the heir presumptive to the British throne, subsequently appointed Edmund, in 1828, to command the 46-gun frigate HMS Blonde (1819) during the end of the Greek War of Independence.

Lyons arrived in Malta on 20 May 1828, when Sir Richard Hussey Bickerton and Admiral Sausages described him, in letters to their Fleet Commander, as 'a man of intelligence and great ability'. Lyons and his wife rented the most expensive house in Valletta, where they home-schooled their four children in grammar and in Enlightenment philosophy.

On HMS Blonde, Lyons was involved in the capture of Kastro Morea in the Peloponnese, for which he was knighted in both France and Greece. The following year, Lyons took the Blonde to become the first British warship to visit Sevastopol, the Caucasus, and Odessa: as a consequence of which 25 years later, Lyons was the only senior officer involved in the Crimean War who had direct knowledge of the Black Sea. In 1831 Lyons was appointed to command of the frigate HMS Madagascar (1822), which he brought home to England before he sailed it for the Mediterranean in February 1832.

Diplomat at Athens, Switzerland, and Sweden
In August 1832, Lyons transported the new King Otto of Greece, and the Bavarian Regency, from Brindisi to Nauplia, and then, in 1833, from Trieste to Athens. Lyons left the navy in January 1835, was knighted in the Royal Guelphic Order, and was appointed by Lord Palmerston as the British diplomat at Athens, as which he remained for almost fifteen years, during which he was on 29 July 1840 created baronet, and in July 1844 he was made a Knight Grand Cross in the Civil Division of the Order of the Bath.

In 1849 Lyons was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the Confederated States of the Swiss Cantons and was on 14 January 1850 promoted to Rear-Admiral of the Blue in the Royal Navy, and was in 1851 appointed minister at Stockholm, at which his wife died.

Second-in-command of Mediterranean Fleet
In November 1853, with the advocacy of Sir James Graham, Lyons returned to active service in the Royal Navy, and was appointed second in command of the British Mediterranean Fleet, and was granted a pension of £900 per annum for his diplomatic service. Lyons left England for the Dardanelles, as Rear-Admiral of the White, on board the steam frigate HMS Terrible on 5 November 1853, before he then took command of his flagship, the new screw-steam ship-of-the-line HMS Agamemnon (1852) (91 guns).

Sir James Graham
Lyons maintained secret private correspondence with the First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir James Graham, whose plans for an amphibious assault on Sevastopol Lyons advocated at the Allied Counsels of War between July and August 1854, despite the policy his immediate superior, Vice-Admiral Dundas.

Lyons also maintained direct private correspondences with various Cabinet ministers, and published memos to the British public, in The Times newspaper, through its reporters such as John Delane, and Austen Henry Layard, and William Howard Russell, in which he criticised the policies of Admiral Dundas, who disliked Lyons's wilful independence. However, Dundas's superiors within the Navy preferred Lyons, whom they considered to be the more competent and the more charismatic, and encouraged Lyons's independence, by private correspondence and plans, such as those for the assault on Sevastopol, of which officers between Sir James Graham and Lyons in rank, such as Dundas, were not aware.

Both the English Fleet and the French Fleet zealously commended Lyons's 'skill and boldness' during the Crimean War. Lyons's white-blonde hair became identified with his maverick temerity. Lyons's hair was similar to the hair of Nelson, whom Lyons idolized. However, Lyons did not possess the strategic intelligence of Nelson and attained his victories, such as the destruction of Fort Marrack (see above) and the attack on Sevastopol (see below), by temerity rather than by meticulous planning. Lyons disliked paperwork: when Admiral Dundas ordered him to organize transports for the invasion of the Crimea, Lyons immediately employed a subordinate, his flag captain William Mends, to do it for him.

Lord Raglan and the army
Furthermore, Lyons's charisma made him a favourite of the Army General Lord Raglan, with whom he maintained another private correspondence. The friendship between Lyons and Raglan was productive of an inter-service rapport during the Crimean War and Lyons served as an intermediary between the Navy and the Army. When Lyons captured Balaklava, he advised Raglan to adopt it as the base for the British Army: Raglan did so. However, this was a poor decision because it compelled the army to suffer the Crimean winter.

Although he was a Naval Commander, Lyons led a force during the diversionary attack on Sevastopol on 17 October 1854. Idiosyncratically, Lyons ignored Admiral Dundas's orders to remain disengaged and proceeded to attack on his own initiative: on this occasion, however, Lyons's attack was unsuccessful and the ships were damaged and heavy casualties sustained. However, although the attack failed, Lyons was praised for his bravery by the High Command. Lyons conceded that he was responsible for the failure, but the High Command blamed Dundas for the failure, dismissed Dundas, and, in January 1855, made Lyons Commander-in-Chief.

Lyons continued to work productively with Raglan to improve supply arrangements in the Bosphorus and at Balaklava. Lyons secured another diplomatic triumph when he secured, in May 1855, French consent to capture of Kerch and occupation of the Sea of Azov: this operation destroyed the logistic support of the Russian army in the Crimea and enabled the allied victory.

Later Crimean War
In June 1855, Lyons lost both his own son, Edmund, a Captain in the Royal Navy, who had been wounded in a night attack on Sevastopol, and his friend and colleague Lord Raglan. Lyons after the defeat of Sevastopol led a successful expedition, which was the first military action to involve armoured warships, to capture Kinburn on 17 October 1855, which enabled access to the Bug and Dnieper rivers. In July 1855, Lyons, who had already received the honour of Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Division of the Order of the Bath, received the honour of Knight Grand Cross of the Military Division of the same order. He is one of few persons to have attained the rank of Knight Grand Cross in both divisions of the Order of the Bath. Lyons attended the January 1856 allied Council of War at Paris, and subsequent to the Treaty of Paris he relinquished his post of Commander in Chief of the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, for which a Banquet was subsequently hosted for him at the Mansion House, London and he was awarded the Freedom of the City of London on 24 May 1856.

Lyons's contribution to the Crimean War was imperative to the allied success. He transported the British Army to the Crimea and he ensured its supplies and support by the military on land, where he led assaults, including the Kerch operation, and where his friendship with Lord Raglan enabled the coordination of the Royal Navy with the British Army and Navy.

Final years, death, and legacy
Edmund Lyons was created a Baron, of Christchurch, on 23 June 1856. He entered the House of Lords between Admiral George Byron, 7th Baron Byron, and Thomas Foley, 4th Baron Foley. He was promoted to Vice-Admiral on 19 March 1857 and held the temporary rank of Admiral from December 1857 until his death. He escorted Queen Victoria to Cherbourg in August 1858. Lyons died, on 23 November 1858, at Arundel Castle, which was the seat of his son-in-law, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk, where he is interred in the vault beneath the Fitzalan Chapel.

There is a life-sized statue of him, by Matthew Noble, in St Paul's Cathedral, which remains there. The Edmund River and Lyons River in Australia are named after him.

Lyons's 'intelligence and great ability' and 'bravery, spirit, and commitment' earned him the loyalty of the officers and rank-and-file whom he commanded, and he was described as 'as lavish with his praise of others as he was anxious to be praised by his superiors'. His 1859 Obituary described him as 'affable, playful, and full of quiet humour', as having 'frankness and urbanity', as having 'inimitable' ability in 'graphic description', and as having 'vigilance and practical skill' with which he was 'prompt in expedients'. However, Edmund Lyons was described by a Foreign Secretary, George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon as 'irritable and one of the vainest men I ever knew'.

Honours

Lyons received the following honours:
 * 1828 – Knight of the Order of St Louis (France)
 * 1833 – Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (Greece)
 * 1835 – Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order (House of Guelph)
 * 1840 – Baronet (United Kingdom)
 * 1844 – Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Division of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom)
 * 1855 – Knight Grand Cross of the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (United Kingdom)
 * 1855 – Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class (Ottoman Empire)
 * 1855/6 – Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (France)
 * 1856 – Freedom of the City of London
 * 1856 – Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy (Italy)
 * 1856 – Raised to the Peerage of United Kingdom as Baron Lyons, of Christchurch, Hampshire, (United Kingdom).

title: Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons


text:
Heist

A heist is a robbery or burglary, especially from an institution such as a bank or museum.

Heist may also refer to:

Places

 * Heist, Germany, a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein
 * Heist-aan-Zee, West Flanders, Belgium
 * Heist-op-den-Berg, Antwerp, Belgium

People

 * Al Heist (1927–2006), Major League Baseball outfielder
 * George Heist (1886–1920), immunologist
 * Hans-Joachim Heist (born 1949), German actor and comedian
 * Monique van Heist (born 1972), Rotterdam-based Dutch fashion designer
 * Heist., botanical standard author abbreviation for Lorenz Heister

Film

 * The Heist (1970 film), a French-Italian crime drama
 * The Heist, aka Dollar$, a 1971 comedy directed by Richard Brooks
 * The Heist (1976 film), a Mexican crime film
 * The Heist, aka The Squeeze, a 1977 thriller directed by Michael Apted
 * The Heist (1989 film), a made-for-TV thriller starring Pierce Brosnan
 * Heist (2001 film), directed by David Mamet
 * The Heist (2001 film), directed by Kurt Voss
 * The Heist (2008 film), directed by Campbell Cooley
 * The Maiden Heist, a 2009 film starring Morgan Freeman, released as The Heist in the UK
 * Heist: Who Stole the American Dream?, a 2011 documentary
 * Heist (2015 film), directed by Scott Mann

Television

 * Heist (2008 film), a British TV comedy-drama
 * Heist (2006 TV series), American TV series
 * Heist (2021 TV series), an American Netflix true crime documentary series
 * The Heist (Derren Brown special) a 2006 reality program
 * The Heist (TV series), a 2018-2020 British reality competition

Episodes

 * "The Heist" (The Amazing World of Gumball)
 * "The Heist" (American Dragon: Jake Long)
 * "The Heist" (Chowder)
 * "The Heist" (MacGyver)
 * "The Heist" (The Outer Limits)
 * "The Heist", 2015 episode of It's Not Crazy, It's Sports directed by Errol Morris

Games

 * Heist (video game), a planned video game canceled in 2010
 * Payday: The Heist, a 2011 video game focused on various robberies

Music

 * ¡Heist!, a 2008 EP by The Lights Out
 * The Heist (album), a hip-hop album by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis
 * "Heist", a song by Lindsey Stirling from the album Shatter Me
 * "Heist", a song by Ben Folds from the movie Over the Hedge

Other uses

 * The Heist (Silva novel), 2014, in the Gabriel Allon series
 * K.S.K. Heist, a professional football club from Heist-op-den-Berg, Belgium

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Heist


text:
User talk:Niteowlneils/Archive1

you sure fix vandalism fast for the reasoning behind the vandalism of doom see my user page.--Epediac 14:27, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC)

General
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dersonlwd Talk 07:31, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

General comment on my VfD entries
It is presumably apparent that the majority of my posted votes are to keep (at least in some form). This should not be taken to mean that I want everything posted kept. Anytime a clear consensus is forming to delete, and I agree, I generally don't take the time to add my delete vote. Therefore, on any topic I don't add a vote to, my de facto vote is delete. Well, or that I agree with the keep consensus.

cosmotheism
good job. it was a simple soloution, but effective in demonstrating how little compromise is needed to achieve concensus, even with the most contentious of individuals :) Sam Spade 07:32, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

When should Merovingian nominate?
Neil, I would like to nominate you for adminship, but I thought you had been here longer. Seeing as how I don't want anything humiliating going down at RFA, I wanted to start a poll for all users: When should I nominate User:Niteowlneils??  --Merovingian ↕ Talk 16:25, Apr 1, 2004 (UTC)

Options:
 * 1) ASAP
 * 2) End of April
 * 3) End of May
 * 4) June or later

ASAP End of April:
 * 1) Ryan_Cable 15:12, 2004 Apr 2 (UTC)

 * 1) Merovingian ↕ Talk 16:25, Apr 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) BCorr | Брайен 16:40, Apr 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Although I'd probably support earlier, why push it? Meelar 22:10, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

End of May
 * 1) Wik 16:33, Apr 1, 2004 (UTC)

June or later

Comments
 * 1) Angela. Impossible to say. Three months is good, but it depends on the edits.

Thanks for the note; good luck with the job. Anyway, the consensus says end of April, so I guess I'll go ahead then. --Merovingian ↕ Talk 22:18, Apr 2, 2004 (UTC)

Seattle
Thanks for the additions to the street layout article! Regarding the main article, though, I have a question:

No street, excluding Interstate 5 and Washington State Route 99--both freeways in whole or in part--runs without interruption from the northern to the southern city limits. This is in part due to the Lake Washington Ship Canal that separates North Seattle from downtown and the rest of Seattle.

You added the part in bold. I'm wondering if that really is (part) of the reason. I mean, we do have the Ballard, Fremont, University, and Montlake Bridges, all of which carry regular streets. We don't give a reason why Madison is the only street that makes it from salt to fresh water without interruption.

Actually, perhaps that would be a solution? Should a reason for that be added? I'm not totally sure what it would be, though. It isn't really the hills, is it?

Oh, and I removed "numbering" from "numbering system" in the layout article, because we didn't really touch upon numbering at all. Should we? That might be getting a little too detailed, and it really is hard to describe in words.

Husky Stadium Cool, thanks for writing.

Lukobe

Wikipedia Tutorial
Well done on your great work on the Tutorial! The project has been moving along with steam and it's pleasing to see people show an interest. L UDRAMAN | T 02:42, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

"as of 2004"
You may not be aware of this, but as of 2004 and the like has a special purpose; it is used in later years to determine whether a presently-true statement is still true. You'll see people updating as of 2003 to as of 2004 for instance. Changing the link to 2004 by itself destroys this useful bit of capability, and the statement will likely not get updated in a timely fashion next year. Stan 22:23, 16 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Game show
I added those I deleted to the talk page for discussion as to confirm whether they were UK shows or US shows. AFAIK they were not UK shows. I looked up "The Fame Game" on IMDB and Google and didn't find it. What did you find on Yahoo? Mintguy (T) 07:20, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Tutorial proposals
The new pages look good. I added an explicit reference to watchlists, as I remember not figuring out what those were at first, and it's handy to link to a full explanation. The "why register" page is a great idea - should've been in the tutorial from the beginning. Great work. Isomorphic 02:52, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * About the "Advanced tutorial" I agree that we should avoid using the word "tutorial" and I like either of your suggested titles. We'll have to think a bit about the actual purpose of the project, who's going to use it, and how and when they're going to find it (i.e. where all do we link it from.) Isomorphic 17:56, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the clarification of Kalmia. Shrubs are right. On the word 'montane' that is a perfectly good word, heavily used in botanic and ecological literature, even if a bit technical here; mountain probably is clearer to the general user. Imc 19:38, 8 May 2004 (UTC)

From the village pump
I'm not clear on the custom for Wikipedians to give others critiques/guidance/corrections. User Olivier seems to be a valuable, prolific contributor generally, but seems to have moved the constellation content via cut and paste from Taurus to Taurus (constellation). Also, everything that pointed to just Taurus (including a msg) still points there (I've been working on updating the links this morning). Would it make sense for someone that can, rv taurus, del Taurus (constellation), then Move this page? Note, I have no problems with the end result, I just have concerns about how it was done. Niteowlneils 16:55, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * My approach starts the same as yours, I check the users contributions to see what they're like. So far, everyone has been a good solid contributor.  So, what I've then done is to spell out my concerns about the change on their talk page and just say "I would approach it this way, I see you've done a,b & c.  Can I ask why you've done that?"  If I disagree with the reason I say, "hmmm... how can we resove this amicably?"  So far it's worked well. And on one occasion, once it was explained to me, I could see they'd done the right thing. --bodnotbod 17:31, May 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * I deleted Taurus (constellation), which had 1 edit by Olivier. I then moved the Taurus page, including the talk page there. I replaced the new redirect from Taurus with the last disambiguity edit from Taurus (constellation), and then reverted the Taurus (constellation) to the last edit with the full text. I think the situation is fixed now, loosing only one edit when Taurus (constellation) was copied by Olivier, and another two edit histories of the disambig page are now under Taurus (constellation). I will drop Olivier a note soon. Happy editing -- Chris 73 | Talk 02:59, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I moved the above from the pump in case you hadn't seen it yet. Angela. 19:04, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

Minor Edits
In reference to your comment on my talk page. I've just gotten sloppy about the distinction between minor and major edits. I think all my contributions have been pretty minor but I'll try to think more of the guidelines and less of the broad perspective. JimD 01:50, 2004 May 24 (UTC)

Hi. I noticed your edits to page 64 of the List of Encyclopedia articles. The idea is to create redirects and then to erase them from the page. We are doing this to find out what we already have an article on, so that we can see what we have to write. All of the articles you changed were written today or yesterday. They should be erased from the list rather than disambiguated. Danny 02:41, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Image:PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg
Think you can make the picture a bit brighter? -- Dissident (Talk) 21:29, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Windermere Real Estate
Thanks for your additions to the article. -Lukobe 20:21, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

Notability
I think what you added is very good. Clear and concise. Dpbsmith 01:02, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Nomination
I've nominated you for adminship. Good luck! --Merovingian ↕ T@Lk 08:08, May 28, 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations! You are now an administrator after getting 100% support on RfA. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. Good luck. Angela. 17:15, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Religious Persecution in China
You know you can delete these yourself now. And congratulations--you certainly deserved it. Best, Meelar 18:40, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

No Help?!?

 * from the pump

Help seems to be deleted. Not blanked by a vandal, gone. No History, nuthin'. "Help:Contents From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Wikipedia does not have an article on this topic yet. To start the article, click Edit this page.)" Niteowlneils 22:14, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Somebody's created a redirect as a work-around for now. Thanks, mysterious one. Niteowlneils 23:16, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The help namespace is completely new. There never was a Help:Contents page. Angela. 00:33, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

On speedy deletion
The speedy deletion guidelines (seen here) are pretty strict. Some admins use judgement and kill things that don't strictly fall within the guidelines. I would not do that myself, if only to avoid the headache of having some vocal wikipedians gripe about it on WP:VfU. I don't know if this advice helps, but use your judgement and don't be too afraid to make mistakes. Everything except image deletion and page merges can be undone. Maximus Rex 17:54, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Another World
I noticed you were the first person to make the  Another World page here. I did a fair bit of editing to it and wrote a rough outline of the show's history, plus pictures and actor bios. Tell me what you think! TheCustomOfLife 02:30, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Tutorial
I suggest a link to How to start a page, with a bit of content summarized from the same. Isomorphic 04:00, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Actor Stubs
Was the message directly above mine referring to me? Now that everything is polished (which it has been for days now), the Another World page looks great. I'm sorry you don't seem to think so.

Anyway, Neil, I was replying to your message originally (before I got distracted). I know I had started a few stubs in the wrong format, so I will edit them whenever I have time. I have created new stubs with the format you have suggested to me. Check: John Beradino, Don MacLaughlin, Helen Wagner, and Charita Bauer. TheCustomOfLife 19:57, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Pictures
The pictures were scanned by me, from back issues of Soap Opera Digest. Would those not be termed fair use? I'm not trying to pass off the pictures as my own, and I'm using them for a purely informative purpose (to give the uninitiated an idea of what the people look like). TheCustomOfLife 20:59, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I didn't mean to sound snippy, nor did I mean to get angry. At least I'm glad the pictures can be used. Should I edit the pictures themselves and put a little blurb as to which issue of SOD I retrieved them from?

Also, I have edited the entry with a more detailed technical history, with cast lists taken from actual end credits at the end of AW episodes. TheCustomOfLife 02:04, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

It's as much of a technical history as I can muster. Opening and closing credits, cast lists, and information on the show's announcer. I will be adding Emmy award information soon.

Also, all of my pictures have been updated with where they came from. TheCustomOfLife 02:28, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

AW Page Is Completed
The page is completed, as far as I can see. I don't know of anything else to add. If you have any ideas, please tell me. I added Emmy wins and AW in the television schedules. It says the page is at 32 kb so I'm guessing I should probably stop there and deem it finished.

Another contributor, swissJohn29, added a much better picture for the beginning of the page (the 1966-1981 opening logo) so I moved the 1996-1999 logo down to the opening credits section. TheCustomOfLife 17:15, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Do you mean you want me to make a list of executive producers? I only made mentions of those who were more notable (such as Paul Rauch, who was EP from 1971-1983) and JFP, who was only EP for two years but really ruined the show. TheCustomOfLife 15:58, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I figured I'd write little articles on the things I've cited. The Jif website says that it has been the biggest seller since 1981. TheCustomOfLife 16:35, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC) That's also where I got the other information. The Crest website was where I got the information on Crest toothpaste. It was a bit limited there as opposed to the peanut butter information I got at the Jif page. TheCustomOfLife 16:35, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I added a picture to the AW Emmy section; it's of Ellen Wheeler holding her statuette. TheCustomOfLife 18:57, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Generations (television)
I was very young when the show was on originally, and all I could remember that there were a lot of black people on the show...much more than on other soap operas. I researched, and sure enough, it was the first soap that had an entire black family from the very first episode. I edited as much to show that. I also replaced Smokey Robinson with Lynn Hamilton. There is room to edit Hamilton's profile as she was not only on this show, but also Redd Foxx's love interest on Sanford and Son.

Plus, Smokey wasn't on the show full-time anyway. TheCustomOfLife 18:12, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Amazon links

 * from the pump

Is anyone familiar enuf with the Amazon "affiliate" program to know if the external links being created here are 'for-profit'? If I find the albums from the amazon.com home page, the links are QUITE different. I am assuming using WP for profit is frowned upon, but I don't remember ever coming across an article that explicitly states that as a policy or guideline. Niteowlneils 19:27, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Links to book (etc.) retailers should use the ISBN syntax, allowing visitors to chose from whom they buy. So even if they don't contain affiliate links we should still change 'em. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 19:36, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * As the links are about music the ISBN magic doesn't apply here. I don't think a link to amazon for CDs is really needed, and if I am not totally mistaken they are for an affiliate with the ID 968160d-20. So either we should remove those links directly, exchange the affiliate-ID with wikipedia08-20 (the one registered for wikimedia, or exchange them with an empty ID. I'd vote for the first - users should be smart enough to buy CDs by artist and title, and we don't prefer any online shop here - and I am already doing that. And if I see it correctly those articles are about CD singles as well and just contain a track listing - not really worth keeping IMHO. andy 19:51, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * For now, remove direct links that benefit any affiliate ID, even ones that would benefit Wikimedia. The indirect ISBN links were controversial enough, and any further steps in the this direction would require explicit approval of the community. Pcb21| Pete 21:47, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I know those were controversial, and as I don't see much point in amazon links for CDs I removed them completely. And I left a warning on the user's talk page. Anyone want to nominate the articles like Complicated on VfD - not much point to have the track listings of a CD single. andy 22:15, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks like a merge job to me. Pcb21| Pete 08:44, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed and merged. Angela. 06:27, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Wikiproject Television Stations
You should add the nifty charts from Wikiproject into your television articles. Check out WPMI, WKRG, WTEV, WTLV, and WJXX to see what I'm talking about. Don't be a stranger! Drop me a message every once in a while! TheCustomOfLife 20:11, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I read your manual and it seems informative to me, especially the content problem area. TheCustomOfLife 15:12, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

DABs
Please be careful when changing links. For example, on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (city names) the redirects was the issue under discussion, so it was very wrong to change those. In general, I think people get a little touchy about making any changes to talk pages, even if well-intentioned. Besides that, I don't really understand why you're bothering to change these redirects (they're not really dabs, since the city names all redirect to the city--unless, and I hope this is not the case--you might be planning to turn those short city redirects into disambig pages--I imagine that would cause a bit of an uproar). older ≠ wiser 17:26, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * no problem. I'm sure I have used dab as an edit summary the same way, although now I try to use "avoid redirect" when simply adjusting a redirect (usually after moving a page) and reserving "dab" for making a genuine disambiguation. Doesn't really make that much of a difference though. But I'd reccommend caution in making any changes to discussion pages. As for articles, well, I really don't see any harm in valid redirects--to me it illustrates the flexibility of WP, but I guess there's no harm in changing them either, so carry on. older ≠ wiser 12:03, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I was going to tell you to be careful too, because one of the "repaired" links at Hard Rock Cafe was misspelled, and I had some trouble tracking down where it was supposed to go. Mackerm 02:27, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

GENERAL MARITIME CORPORATION
This article screams for your attention. I wasn't sure what to do with it. I wanted to send it to cleanup, but then wondered if 42 tankers was notable. VfD, maybe? No, Niteowlneils will know what to do with it, beyond the obvious change of capitalization needed (page title and within the article). :-) SWAdair | Talk  10:31, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * You see, that is why I brought you this article. I've seen you do that with so many other articles, especially business-related articles, but it still surprises me every time you do it.  Wonderful job!  Thank you.  SWAdair | Talk  03:27, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Capitalisation
re: Latitude and Longitude the correct capitalisation of that page should have been at latitude and longitude, and you should have moved it there rather than creating a redirect; its just a minor pedantic point I know... Dunc_Harris|☺ 18:45, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

copy edit
Hi Niteowls, I've noticed that you have had to copy edit a number of my rtcls on athletes. I have realised now that I shouldn't be using : after the word born and that the place of birth does not come inside the brackets, which you have probably noticed! Are there any other silly mistakes that I consistently keep making that I could avoid?? Apologies for giving you so much work to do.Scraggy4 18:54, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

copy edit
Hi Niteowls, Thankyou for note you left on my talk page, there were many sportspeople categorised before I started working them, thinking in the build up to and after the Athens Olympics people might want to look certain things up. The majority of the categories, name of country sportspeople were already set up so I have just carried on using the existing line. Bahamas is not a good example as articles relating to there on sports are, at the moment, very few. If you look at at Category:Ukrainian sportspeople for example, you will see 3 sub-categories of sportseople all from Ukraine. I think the majority have won in that we regard Athletes as people taking part in Athletics rather than Athletes covering anykind of sportsperson the way the Americans do. If you want something to copy edit try my latest rtcl Drugs in sport. I imagine you will find plenty of my errors there. It does still need a lot of work but I've spent five hours on it already tonight so will leave it for the day. regards Scraggy4 22:36, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Fiend
It wasn't a completely clear cut case but I viewed it as basically nothing more than an external link, particularly since it contained no information other than what was already in Horizons: Empires of Istaria. Angela. 03:46, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

Speedy deletes
Good evening, Niteowlneils. Please don't take my comments here and on VfD about speedy deleting "Mirta" the wrong way. I would also have voted to delete under "Wikipedia is not a genealogical dictionary" and "Wikipedia is not a foreign language dictionary".

I'm not sure that I'd agree that "Mirta" fit speedy case 4 (no context) because I did interpret context from your description. I clearly understood what the author was trying to say and why he/she said it. It's just a context that we have decided doesn't belong in Wikipedia.

Not being able to see the original content, I'll take your word for it that it fit speedy case 2 (obvious test pages).

The reason I'm making a stink about this is that I have great concerns that speedy deletes are being overused and that their overuse jeapordizes one of the most important controls of our community. VfD is inherently a community process. You may not like the result but you can never say that you didn't get your chance to speak your piece. (Some days, I wish we could shut them up.) Speedys are an inherently autocratic process dependent on the judgement of a single person.

When speedy deletes were first proposed, they were very controversial. The concept was approved on the understanding that only very clearly defined and obviously non-controversial situations would be subject to the speedy process. Unfortunately, since then a number of new participants in the VfD process (and some old participants) occasionally chime in with some variant of "just speedy it" without an understanding of the specific cases or why we chose to limit the process to only those cases. I have been seeing a gradual erosion in the degree to which we've stayed true to the original limits. That worries me. If too many users lose confidence in the process, this will stop being a community project and start to become a clique project. I don't know what the critical mass is, but I'd rather avoid it by tightening the controls back now.

Okay. I've said my piece. I value your opinion as one of the more rational voices here. Am I overstating the risk? Should I let go of this issue? Rossami 22:32, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Deletions
As per point four of the Wikipedia policy at Deletion_guidelines_for_administrators, please do not include in your deletion summary. It is obviously unnecessary and clutters the deletion log. Thanks. blankfaze | (беседа!)  00:59, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Eldest
I reverted your changes. The first book, Eragon, has been published. The characters are in that. - UtherSRG 00:24, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Please do not add horzontal lines below the indented disambiguation notices on top of pages. They were never part of the indented format. For non-indented notices, the suggestion was removed from disambiguation a while ago. Cheers, Jiang 10:10, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

B-Movie Bandit template
Hi. I regret the initial strong wording of this template, but I was acting on the suggestion of another user. I thought the idea was a sound one. It was intended as a temporary measure to discourage expansion of the sub-substubs until some sort of policy was reached regarding their inclusion or deletion. Other users, myself included, have softened the language. - Lucky 6.9 06:59, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Got your message...thanks again. I just want a solution to this problem, and I too am glad to see the template improved. As I've said, too many people are working their tails off to improve this site only to let someone slip in through a loophole in the rules. - Lucky 6.9 19:08, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Re: Grammar
Thanks for your comments re: grammar and complete sentences. --Diberri | Talk 06:31, Aug 18, 2004 (UTC)

I goofed
I wasn't thinking when I copy/pasted text from Copyvio2/Temp to Luc Fierens/Temp, then redirected. I should have simply moved/renamed the page. Of course I didn't realize that until well after the fact. The way things stand now, when Copyvio2/Temp is deleted, the author information will go with it. Would you delete Luc Fierens/Temp and rename the other to preserve the author/edit history? Thank you. SWAdair | Talk 08:56, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I didn't delete them myself because Speedy deletions says "If you are a sysop, it is recommended that you also list your pages here so they can be deleted by another sysop". This seemed to be the way it was done before speedy deletions existed. The policy on subpage deletion came about after BuddhaInside was causing problems by constantly trying to get his user and talk page deleted by moving them to subpages. It just means admin subpages are treated in the same way as those of normal users which makes it seem a bit fairer. Angela. 18:02, Aug 22, 2004 (UTC)

Meioh Setsuna vs. Meioh setsuna
Quite sure, yes. If that page is ever reached by the Go box, except perhaps by me, I'll eat my hat. I'm only concerned about links that the writer didn't bother to check up on.

Also, you're not entirely correct when you say that it doesn't change what the users see; there's that 'Redirected from' comment just below the title, and having the name in lowercase there looks sloppy. (Not that I wouldn't use it anyway to speed things up, if I thought there would be any speedup. But I can't imagine that happening here.) --Aponar Kestrel (talk) 05:58, 2004 Aug 23 (UTC)

re: Phantom mobile device vibration?
Answered on my talk page for consistency of the thread. Thanks. Rossami

 * Just wanted to let you know that I've posted my nomination of Rossami for adminship. Given your comments on his talk page, I figured you might be interested in registering your support. Incidentally, he has plenty of edits, but his count on the stats page may be lower for the article namespace, since a fair amount of his activity is on VfD. --Michael Snow 05:20, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Fraser Papers
Hi,

Thanks for your help with this stub. As you can guess I am a relatively new Wikipedian and I truly appreciate your help. What's the next step to get the "Vote for Deletion" removed? All I am trying to do, by the way, is add all the TSE 300 stocks since I found it very difficult to find a list of them. I will read the perfect stub article as well and try to implement your suggestions. Again, thanks for your help. --YUL89YYZ 11:50, Aug 27, 2004 (UTC)

More thanks
I'd like to extend my sincerest thanks for turning the latest B-Movie Bandit POS into a real, live stub. That "J. Eddie Peck" article was reposted by that clown...and followed up with nothing more than formatting from another user. I'm going to continue to boilerplate these, but if you happen to catch one either before I do or after it's formatted (and I revert it...heh, heh...), by all means do what you're doing. Again, mucho thanks and have a great weekend!! - Lucky 6.9 00:08, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * My pleasure re. the Barnstar. "Disagreement" on our part doesn't mean that I'm going to hold a grudge and simply dismiss your good work, especially when I'm receiving such great support from you over a problem that I've been fighting for so long.  I can't thank you enough for your help. - Lucky 6.9 14:37, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

District
That's no problem. And yes, I've really accumulated a lot of edits, haven't I? Right now I'm a little over 7000 edits and 294 articles either started or improved upon greatly. Tooting my own horn. Mike H 02:25, Aug 29, 2004 (UTC)

Move tab
Thanks for pointing me to the correct page move procedure. I'm sorry i caused trouble. I'll read the how-to's once more. all the best, Lady Tenar

A page you deleted
22:56, 30 Aug 2004 Niteowlneils deleted "User:Snowspinner/Orthogonal" (user page/req--content was: 'This page was silly and immature of me, and I would like to nuke it please.')

Niteowl, first of all, I think you deleted this page innocently. However, as it turns out, the page has some bearing on a matter currently under a Request for Comment.

For details, see:
 * Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/orthogonal.

and
 * Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/orthogonal and
 * Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/orthogonal

I am not asking you to undelete the page for me; that matter is currently at Votes for undeletion.

However, I'd appreciate learning from you any details about the circumstances surrounding the deletion, and how it happened that you were the one to do it.

Thanks. -- orthogonal 18:23, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Can you create...
...a template for Denver TV stations similar to Radiojon's template for Atlanta TV stations, which is at Template:AtlantaTV?? 66.245.107.72 20:09, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Reply is at User talk:66.245.107.72. Niteowlneils 21:18, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The question I asked Geogre
Cool, thanks very much! That was just what I needed. Bishonen 02:19, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Redirects
I appreciate your help with redirects etc. With your advice, I managed to learn how to do what I wanted. I have now fixed the articles that I wanted. Thank you very much. Bobblewik (talk) 18:11, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Jerry Remigius Kanagarajah
You voted and made a statment "Delete, becuase So he's a descendent of nobility--I could find no evidence of notability on his own. My ancestors ...etc" now that you can't find any proof of notability" WHERE WAS YOUR RESEARCH ? you did not state any ? How can you make a decision without looking at the facts, if you did not take your time to look then you have No RIGHT TO VOTE ! If you look at the facts, Prince Jerry Remigius Kanagarajah is legitimate The Official site is http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org also he is recongnized by The Southeast Asia Imperial & Royal League

Jerry Remigius Kanagarajah
Is this fair that you do not look at the facts.

Please see links and re-evaluate thank you.

Here are the two links.

tranvanba 5:36, Sep 12, 2004

Notable Members of the The Southeast Asia Imperial & Royal League

 * H.R.M. King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia

 * H.R.H. Prince Norodom Ranariddh  of Cambodia

 * H.I.H.  Prince Nguyen Phuc Buu Chanh of Vietnam

 * H.R.H. Prince Hso Khan Pha of Yawnghwe

 * H.R.H. Prince Mangkra Souvannaphouma of Laos

 * H.R.H. Prince Shwebomin of Burma

 * H.R.H. Rajah Jerry Remigius Kanagarajah of Jaffna (Sri Lanka)

I am sorry that you are not aware of Southeast Asian Royalty but who is to blame ? That is what this site is about education and spreading knowlegde to the world. If the Southeast Asia Imperial & Royal League have done their research and their council has admitted him as a legitimate then there was a adequate background check on his lineage. I only ask for fairness. Please re-evaluate your vote. tranvanba 23:31, Sep 12, 2004 (UTC)

Template:deletebecause
Hi Niteowlneils, I noticed you recently summarily deleted Template:deletebecause. I created the template as an experiment to answer the question: Would it be helpful to sysops if Wikipedians marking speedy deletion candidates had an easy way to add a quick blurb clarifying why the page is a valid candidate?

Now, I'm not in the least bit upset that the template was deleted. In fact, you've partially answered my question: you clearly didn't find it helpful, so you deleted the template. However, I'd rather you have let the experiment run a little longer, and listed it on Templates for deletion instead of unilaterally deleting it.

I'm not going to recreate the template for the time being. I just wanted to let you know why it was created in the first place. Regards, • Benc • 21:15, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Great Lakes
Please stop dedisambiguating the Great Lakes links, this is a matter still under discussion. See Talk:Great Lakes - SimonP 04:59, Sep 14, 2004 (UTC)

Exciting New Opportunity to Delete Articles! Rush Delivery Available!
Hey, man. I've been thinking about the subject of speedy deletes, substubs, propagation to mirrors before VfD finishes, etc., and, although I am sure I'll regret it, I have a new proposal that is in the very preliminary stages. I invite commentary from the sane and interested, if you feel up to it. Geogre 17:54, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Request for fix your memo for actors and actresses
Hi, Niteowlneils. You use "Princess Bride" as "The Princess Bride" in your memo for actors and actresses, but a Japanese bishojo game called "Princess Bride" is exist. I feel diffident also about correcting your UserPage personally, so I request for fix it. ja:PiaCarrot 13:18, 2004 Sep 24 (UTC)

Blended learning
Hi, Niteowlneils, sorry to see your wikistress spilling over. I saw that you made Blended learning a redirect to Blended-learning, which solves the big problem of somebody looking for "Blended learning" and finding only the substub. The thing is, though, it doesn't do anything about the other problem, which I was trying to outline with impossible brevity and therefore probably with mysteriousness on Cleanup, namely that the stub spells the title properly and the real article spells it badly. Nobody ever refers to the concept as "blended-learning", naturally. (If it was up to me nobody would ever refer to the stupid concept at all, but that's another story.) Being an admin and all, couldn't you just speedy delete the stub? Accidental doubling of existing article has to be a legit reason for Speedy, surely. And then the real article could be moved to the real name.--Bishonen 19:22, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Niteowlneils/Archive1


text:
Aerial work platform

An aerial work platform (AWP), also known as an aerial device, elevating work platform (EWP), aerial lift, cherry picker, bucket truck or mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) is a mechanical device used to provide temporary access for people or equipment to inaccessible areas, usually at height. There are distinct types of mechanized access platforms and the individual types may also be known as a "cherry picker", "boom lift" or "scissor lift".

They are generally used for temporary, flexible access purposes such as maintenance and construction work or by firefighters for emergency access, which distinguishes them from permanent access equipment such as elevators. They are designed to lift limited weights — usually less than a ton, although some have a higher safe working load (SWL) — distinguishing them from most types of cranes. They are usually capable of being set up and operated by a single person.

Regardless of the task they are used for, aerial work platforms may provide additional features beyond transport and access, including being equipped with electrical outlets or compressed air connectors for power tools. They may also be equipped with specialist equipment, such as carrying frames for window glass. Underbridge units are also available to lift operators down to a work area.

As the name suggests, cherry pickers were initially developed to facilitate the picking of cherries. Jay Eitel invented the device in 1944 after a frustrating day spent picking cherries using a ladder. He went on to launch the Telsta Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA in 1953 to manufacture the device. Another early cherry picker manufacturer was Stemm Brothers, Leavenworth, WA. Other uses for cherry pickers quickly evolved.

Lifting mechanisms

There are several distinct types of aerial work platforms, which all have specific features which make them more or less desirable for different applications. The key difference is in the drive mechanism which propels the working platform to the desired location. Most are powered by either hydraulics or possibly pneumatics. The different techniques also reflect in the pricing and availability of each type.

Aerial device
Aerial devices were once exclusively operated by hydraulic pistons, powered by diesel or gasoline motors on the base unit. Lightweight electrically powered units are gaining popularity for window-cleaning or other maintenance operations, especially indoors and in isolated courtyards, where heavier hydraulic equipment cannot be used. Aerial devices are the closest in appearance to a crane – consisting of a number of jointed sections, which can be controlled to extend the lift in a number of different directions, which can often include "up and over" applications. The most common type of aerial device are known in the AWP industry as knuckle boom lifts or articulated boom lifts, due to their distinctive shape, providing easy access to awkward high reach positions.

This type of AWP is the most likely of the types to be known as a "cherry picker", owing to its origins, where it was designed for use in orchards (though not just cherry orchards). It lets the picker standing in the transport basket pick fruit high in a tree with relative ease (with the jointed design ensuring minimum damage to the tree). The term "cherry picker" has become generic, and is commonly used to describe articulated lifts (and more rarely all AWPs).

Another type of aerial device is a straight boom lift or telescopic boom lift, which as its name suggests has a boom that extends straight out for direct diagonal or vertical reach by the use of telescoping sections, letting you take full advantage of the boom length range.

Some AWPS are classified as spider lifts due to the appearance of their legs as they unfold, extend and stabilise, providing a wide supportive base to operate safely. These legs can be manual or hydraulic (usually depending on size and price of the machine).

AWPs are widely used for maintenance and construction of all types, including extensively in the power and telecommunications industries to service overhead lines, and in arboriculture to provide an independent work platform on difficult or dangerous trees. A specialist type of the articulated lift is the type of fire apparatus used by firefighters worldwide as a vehicle to provide high level or difficult access. These types of platforms often have additional features such as a piped water supply and water cannon to aid firefighters in their task.

Scissor lift
A scissor lift is a type of platform that can usually only move vertically. The mechanism to achieve this is the use of linked, folding supports in a criss-cross X pattern, known as a pantograph (or scissor mechanism). The upward motion is achieved by the application of pressure to the outside of the lowest set of supports, elongating the crossing pattern, and propelling the work platform vertically. The platform may also have an extending deck to allow closer access to the work area, because of the inherent limits of vertical-only movement. The contraction of the scissor action can be hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical (via a leadscrew or rack and pinion system). Depending on the power system employed on the lift, it may require no power to descend, able to do so with a simple release of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure. This is the main reason that these methods of powering the lifts are preferred, as it allows a fail-safe option of returning the platform to the ground by release of a manual valve.

Apart from the height and width variables, there are a few considerations required when choosing a scissor lift. Electric scissor lifts have smaller tyres and can be charged by a standard power point. These machines usually suit level ground surfaces and have zero or minimal fuel emissions. Diesel scissor lifts have larger rough terrain tyres with high ground clearance for uneven outdoor surface conditions. Many machines contain outriggers that can be deployed to stabilise the machine for operation.

Hotel lift
There are a number of smaller lifts that use mechanical devices to extend, such as rack and pinion or screw threads. These often have juxtaposed sections that move past each other in order to facilitate movement, usually in a vertical direction only. These lifts usually have limited capability in terms of weight and extension, and are most often used for internal maintenance tasks, such as changing light bulbs.

Motive mechanisms
AWPs, by their nature, are designed for temporary works and therefore frequently require transportation between sites, or simply around a single site (often as part of the same job). For this reason, they are almost all designed for easy movement and the ability to ride up and down truck ramps.

Unpowered
These usually smaller units have no motive drive and require external force to move them. Dependent on size and whether they are wheeled or otherwise supported, this may be possible by hand, or may require a vehicle for towing or transport. Small non-powered AWPs can be light enough to be transported in a pickup truck bed, and can usually be moved through a standard doorway.

Self-propelled
These units are able to drive themselves (on wheels or tracks) around a site (they usually require to be transported to a site, for reasons of safety and economy). In some instances, these units will be able to move whilst the job is in progress, although this is not possible on units which require secure outriggers, and therefore most common on the scissor lift types. The power can be almost any form of standard mechanical drive system, including electric or gasoline powered, or in some cases, a hybrid (especially where it may be used both inside and outside).

Such person lifts are distinguished from telescopic handlers in that the latter are true cranes designed to deliver cargo loads such as pallets full of construction materials (rather than just a person with some tools).

Vehicle-mounted
Some units are mounted on a vehicle, usually a truck. They can also be mounted on a flat-back pick-up van known as a self drive, though other vehicles are possible, such as flatcars. This vehicle provides mobility, and may also help stabilize the unit – though outrigger stabilizers are still typical, especially as vehicle-mounted AWPs are amongst the largest of their kind. The vehicle may also increase functionality by serving as a mobile workshop or store.

Control
The power assisted drive (if fitted) and lift functions of an AWP are controlled by an operator, who can be situated either on the work platform itself, or at a control panel at the base of the unit. Some models are fitted with a panel at both locations or with a remote control, giving operator a choice of position. A control panel at the base can also function as a safety feature if for any reason the operator is at height and becomes unable to operate his controls. Even models not fitted with a control panel at the base are usually fitted with an emergency switch of some sort, which allows manual lowering of the lift (usually by the release of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure) in the event of an emergency or power failure.

Controls vary by model, but are frequently either buttons or a joystick. The type and complexity of these will depend on the functions the platform is able to perform, such as:
 * Vertical movement
 * Lateral movement
 * Rotational movement (cardinal direction)
 * Platform / basket movement — normally, the system automatically levels the platform, regardless of boom position, but some allow overrides, tilting up to 90° for work in difficult locations.
 * Ground movement (in self-propelled models)

Safety
The majority of manufacturers and operators have strict safety criteria for the operation of AWPs. In some countries, a licence and insurance is required to operate some types of AWP. Most protocols advocate training every operator, whether mandated or not. Most operators adopt a checklist of verifications to be completed before each use. Manufacturers recommend regular maintenance schedules.

Work platforms are fitted with safety or guard rails around the platform itself to contain operators and passengers. This is supplemented in most models by a restraining point, designed to secure a safety harness or fall arrester. Some work platforms also have a lip around the floor of the platform itself to avoid tools or supplies being accidentally kicked off the platform. Some protocols require all equipment to be attached to the structure by individual lanyards.

When using AWPs in the vicinity of overhead power lines, users may be electrocuted if the lift comes into contact with electrical wiring. Non-conductive materials, such as fiberglass, may be used to reduce this hazard. 'No Go Zones' may be designated near electrical hazards.

AWPs often come equipped with a variety of tilt sensors. The most commonly activated sensor is an overweight sensor that will not allow the platform to raise if the maximum operating weight is exceeded. Sensors within the machine detect that weight on the platform is off-balance to such a point as to risk a possible tip-over if the platform is raised further. Another sensor will refuse to extend the platform if the machine is on a significant incline. Some models of AWPs additionally feature counterweights, which extend in order to offset the danger of tipping the machine inherent in extending items like booms or bridges.

As with most dangerous mechanical devices, all AWPs are fitted with an emergency stop button which may be activated by a user in the event of a malfunction or danger. Best practice dictates fitting of emergency stop buttons on the platform and at the base as a minimum. Other safety features include automatic self-checking of the AWP's working parts, including a voltmeter that detects if the lift has insufficient power to complete its tasks and preventing operation if supply voltage is insufficient. Some AWPs provide manual lowering levers at the base of the machine, allowing operators to lower the platform to the ground in the event of a power or control failure, or unauthorized use of the machine.

Rental equipment
AWPs are often bought by equipment rental companies, who then rent them out to construction companies or individuals needing these specialised machines. The market for these machines is known to be marked by especially strong boom and bust cycles, and after a great demand in the 1990s the market crashed in 2001, leading to a strong contraction amongst the manufacturers. The industry began a strong growth period again in 2003 that resulted in peak shipments in 2007 prior to the economic crash in 2008. The 2008 crash has caused a strong consolidation amongst rental companies and the industry reached high unit shipment levels again in 2018.

title: Aerial work platform


text:
Cowon

Cowon Systems, Inc. (simply known as Cowon) is a South Korean consumer electronics and software corporation. The company’s initial focus was software development and microelectronics, specializing in speech synthesis and speech recognition technology. In 2000, with the introduction of the iAUDIO CW100, Cowon expanded into the portable media player industry, which is now the core of their business.

In 2010, Cowon was ranked number one in the PMP category of Japanese Management Association Consultants’ Global Customer Satisfaction Competency Index, and in 2011, it was ranked number one in the same organization’s Global & Great Brand Competency Index.

In the west, Cowon is most well known for its iAUDIO range of portable media players, which has resulted in many people incorrectly referring to the company as “Cowon iAUDIO” or simply “iAUDIO.” Outside the domestic market, Cowon iAUDIO's sales and market share have always been minuscule - however, it gained a certain niche market and retains a loyal following from fans and enthusiasts.

Products
In its marketing, Cowon distinguishes between "MP3 players" and "portable media players," where the latter are larger and have a greater focus on video playback. The categories differ slightly between the Korean and the global homepage.

All Cowon products are produced domestically in South Korea.

MP3 players

 * Cowon M2 (2014)
 * Cowon E3 (2014)
 * iAUDIO 9+ (2013)
 * Cowon D20 (2013)
 * Cowon X9 (2012)
 * iAUDIO 10 (2011)
 * Cowon C2 (2011)
 * Cowon X7 (2010)
 * Cowon J3 (2010)
 * iAUDIO E2 (2009)
 * iAUDIO 9 (2009)
 * Cowon S9 (2008)

LIAAIL products
Cowon’s LIAAIL division, founded in 2011, focuses on personal audio and cell phone accessories. Among its products can be found:
 * Earphones
 * Cowon BT2
 * Cowon EM1
 * Cowon EF1
 * Cowon XE1
 * Cowon CE1
 * Cowon SE2
 * Cowon EM2
 * Cell phone cases
 * Bird Case
 * Tree Case
 * Leather Case
 * Jelly Case
 * Cell phone screen protectors

Other products

 * Cowon AD1, car camera released in 2012
 * Cowon AC1, car camera released in 2012
 * Cowon W2, Windows 7-based ultra-mobile PC released in 2010, available in 60 and 80 GB models
 * Cowon W2 SSD, Windows 7-based ultra-mobile PC equipped with a solid state drive, released in 2010, available in a 32 GB model
 * Cowon L3, GPS navigation device and in-car entertainment system released in 2009
 * Cowon N3, GPS navigation device and in-car entertainment system released in 2007

Discontinued products

 * Cowon D20
 * Cowon iAUDIO 10
 * Cowon C2
 * Cowon D3 Plenue
 * Cowon X7
 * Cowon J3
 * iAUDIO E2
 * iAUDIO 9
 * Cowon D2+
 * Cowon S9
 * Cowon D2
 * Cowon iAUDIO 7

Portable media players

 * Cowon G7
 * Cowon T5
 * Cowon Q7 Plenue
 * Cowon A5 Plenue
 * Cowon R7
 * Cowon V5S
 * Cowon 3D
 * Cowon V5W
 * Cowon V5
 * Cowon O2
 * Cowon iAUDIO X5
 * Cowon A3
 * Cowon A2

JetEffect
Each Cowon player is equipped with a set of software sound enhancement technologies collectively referred to as JetEffect. The latest version of JetEffect, JetEffect 5, was introduced with the release of the Cowon Z2 Plenue.

JetEffect competes with products such as Sony's DSEE, Samsung's DNSe, and the SRS technologies found in products by iriver and Samsung and in products by HTC and HP, where they are branded as "Beats Audio".

Features
In its latest iteration, JetEffect contains the following sound effects and enhancements:
 * Five-band equalizer
 * BBE+
 * BBE+
 * BBE Mach3Bass
 * BBE 3D Surround
 * BBE MP Enhance
 * Special Effects
 * Reverb
 * Stereo Enhance

History

 * JetEffect 2.0
 * JetEffect 3.0
 * JetEffect 5

Computer software

 * JetAudio, media player application for Microsoft Windows first released in 1997
 * JetVideo, video player application for Microsoft Windows with features which partially overlap with those of JetAudio. Like JetAudio, it relies on external codecs (such as those included in the K-Lite Codec Pack) for some of its data decoding.

Android apps
JetVD is an Android application for downloading videos from YouTube in a wide selection of formats. It was first introduced to users of the Cowon D3 Plenue with the upgrade to firmware version x.55. An online version of JetVD, called JetToy, exists in beta stage.
 * JetAudio for Android
 * JetVD

Other software
Other software developed by Cowon includes the iAUDIO LDB Manager, a small application for tagging music files with timecoded lyrics displayable on Cowon media players as well as in JetAudio.

Cowon also offers a number of freeware utilities, including JetCast, JetMailMonitor and JetToolBar. All of the above are available for free download from the JetAudio website.

Cowon’s ultra-mobile PCs W2 and W2 SSD come with JetToolbar pre-installed.

title: Cowon


text:
Nokia 5510

The Nokia 5510 is a mobile phone announced on October 11, 2001 and released in December of that year. The Nokia 5510 features a full QWERTY keyboard, an 84 x 48 monochrome display, and is notable for its digital music player, the company's first mobile phone with music player capabilities. It has a 64 MB memory for storing audio files. It's taco shaped phone like its successor Nokia 3300.

Features
The 5510 shared many of the features of the Nokia 3310 due to both phones sharing components with each other, such as a built-in calculator, stopwatch and a reminder function. It also includes the same five games that came with the Nokia 3330: Snake II, Space Impact, Bumper, Bantumi, and Pairs II. However, the 5510 also had the ability to play digital music files transferred onto its 64 MB internal flash memory via USB encoded in LSE format via the included Nokia software (from either MP3 or WAV format); as well as being able to receive FM radio.

Design
Compared to other mobile phones of its generation, the 5510 is unusual in that it has an almost complete QWERTY keyboard, rather than the conventional telephone keypad. This keyboard is divided on the left and right sides of the front panel, with the 84 x 48 monochrome display at the center, and the navigational buttons below it (the display and navigational buttons are almost identical to those found on the 3310). Also, four black buttons are located on the side of the phone to allow quick access to the music player, FM radio, and the volume controls.

The removable backplate on the handset was designed in such a way that pressure on the middle of the plastic could easily cause the plate to crack; this was highlighted in many reviews of the model at the time of release.

Music
The 5510 could play both MP3 and AAC audio files but not in their usual formats, instead the files must be encrypted and packaged into a Lockstream Embedded (.lse) files, which was a DRM technology that ensured that the encrypted files could only be played on the device. This encryption could be achieved using the bundled Nokia PC Suite software. Additionally it could record AAC audio directly from its internal FM radio, or through its built-in 2.5 mm (3/32") audio jack to another format with the extension .rel which only the phone could play back. The music player on the phone also has a built-in equalizer with several pre-sets to fine-tune the music being played.

Software
The bundled version of the Nokia Audio Manager software was designed to encode music and transfer it to the phone via USB, but encoding would typically take several minutes per song and the software only ran under Windows. The design was that files encoded and transferred to the device could not be converted back to their original formats for playing on other devices.

However alternatives to the Nokia Audio Manager did exist, such as Nokryptia, a cross-platform command line tool distributed as source code which by exploiting a special case of the Lockstream Embedded file format could convert MP3 audio files almost instantly to the 5510 playable Lockstream Embedded format. Nokryptia worked by prefixing the MP3 file with a special header that then allowed the MP3 to follow unencrypted (the tool also supported the reverse, removing the header to restore the original MP3 file, however this was only possible on files encoded by the technique and the tool could not restore a file encoded by the Nokia Audio Manager).

title: Nokia 5510


text:
3-2-1

3–2–1 was a British game show that was made by Yorkshire Television for ITV. It ran for ten years, from 29 July 1978 to 24 December 1988, with Ted Rogers as the host.

It was based on a Spanish gameshow called Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez and was a trio of three shows in one: a quiz, variety and a game show.

The show was a huge success, consistently pulling in large ratings. The first series, though intended as a summer filler, attracted up to 16.5 million viewers and subsequent years never peaked below 12 million. The show occupied a Saturday early evening slot for most of its run.

The final Christmas special, broadcast on 24 December 1988, attracted 12.5 million viewers, but an eleventh series was not commissioned. Ted Rogers claimed in an April 1996 interview that "The Oxbridge lot got control of TV and they didn't really want it. It was too downmarket for them. We were still getting 12 million viewers when they took it off after ten years. These days if a show gets nine million everyone does a lap of honour."

The format
The overall objective of the game was to survive elimination through to part three of the show, and try to unravel a series of cryptic clues in order to win the star prize. However, one of the clues referred to "Dusty Bin," the show's booby prize; any contestants who wound up with Dusty at the end of the show received only a new dustbin. Each show had a theme, such as "Seacruise" or the "Swinging Sixties". All of the variety acts, quiz questions, stage sets and clues subsequently followed this theme. In later series, Dusty would appear at the start of the show dressed in a costume relating to that week's theme. The changing themes were dropped for the final series where a more generic stage set was re-used each week.

Part 1: The 1,000-to-1 quiz
In part one of the show, three couples had the chance to win up to £1,000 in the "1,000 to 1 quiz". The first round consisted of a maximum of 10 questions (in 30 seconds), each correct answer being worth £10 (or in the first series £1, but with three rounds available). Passes were permitted but there was no opportunity to return to the question. Each member of the couple answered in turn with the lady answering first and the first answer was given to her to avoid the possibility of a zero score, An incorrect answer, or the time limit, would immediately end the round. Each correct answer in the second round was worth the total amount scored in the first, hence the need to avoid a zero score which would have meant a couple were playing for nothing.

The questions were usually of the same 'word association' format. Ted Rogers would say, for example, an island and the contestants would have to name the country to which it belonged (e.g. Ted: "Gozo", Contestant: "Malta"). Another example would be people and their titles (e.g. Ted: "Elizabeth II", Contestant: "Queen").

In the first series, the winners of the quiz would return the following week to compete again, while the other two couples would progress to part two, but from the second series, this changed to the worst-performing couple being eliminated, taking home the money they won in the quiz and a ceramic model of Dusty Bin.

Dusty Bin was conceived as the booby prize by the show's producer Derek Burrell-Davis and created as a cartoon character by the designer and animator John Sunderland, who also designed the opening and end titles and the themed 'costumes' for Dusty Bin.

In the final series (1987–1988), the 1,000-to-1 quiz was replaced by a general-knowledge, fingers-on-buzzers quiz. As before, three couples participated, in just two rounds of questions. Each couple began with £10 and could earn another £10 for each correct answer in the first round. The first round required ten correct answers (in other words, the round would not end if ten questions had been read out and not all answered correctly). As soon as Ted started to ask the question, the couple who hit the buzzer first, after Ted had said their name, had three seconds to answer the question, and if they failed to answer the question in three seconds, or answered the question wrong, Ted would say "On Offer" and the other two couples would have a chance to answer the question. Again, the couple who hit the buzzer first, after Ted had said their name, had three seconds to answer, and if they failed to answer the question in three seconds, or answer the question wrong, that question would go into the bin. Following the first round, Ted would give the couples a break, while, he introduced a "newcomer" to 3–2–1 (another addition to the final series). This was a chance for an act to perform, much like the later rounds as normal, though, the "newcomer" had never appeared on 3–2–1 before. Following the newcomer act, round two of the quiz would be played, with only fifteen questions been asked. As with previous series, whatever money the couples had after the first round would be the value of the question to them in the second round, and it was the same format for answering the questions. The maximum a couple could win in this round was £1,650 (as in the starting £10, ten first-round questions answered correctly plus all fifteen in the second round), however, this was never achieved. At the end of the two rounds of questions, the couple with the least money would leave with the money they'd won and their ceramic Dusty Bin, then they would go to the commercial break. On the 1987 Christmas special, the quiz only consisted of 20 £100 questions.

Part 2: The elimination
The elimination mechanism for reducing the remaining couples down to one changed over the course of the show. In the first two series, it was a physical game to fit in with the show's theme. This changed in 1981 to the contestants competing head to head in a computer game (such as Breakout), and was finally amended in 1982 to an elimination question which the last two couples would answer after seeing the first three variety acts in part two of the show. The commercial break followed the question, and in 1986 and 1987, a viewers' question was posed to win a colour television, with three runners up getting a ceramic Dusty Bin. The entry form for that was in that week's edition of TV Times.

Part 3: The acts and prize clues
In the early years, the third round was referred to as Take it or Leave it?. The final version of the show's format was amended in 1982 so that from the beginning of part two of the show, the two remaining couples from the quiz watched the first three variety acts together. At the end of each act, one of the performers would come over to the table and give Ted a clue object (or MacGuffin as Ted sometimes called them) and read a corresponding rhyme to provide clues for that particular prize.

After three acts, the couples would decide on which object they would like to reject in the hope that it was Dusty Bin and then take part in the final elimination question. The losers would leave with the money they had won in part one, their ceramic Dusty Bin and a consolation prize (such as a twelve-piece dinner service) and the winners would go through to part three of the show.

At the beginning of part three, Ted would decode the clue and reveal the prize which the final couple rejected before the end of part two. Another act would then perform and leave another clue, leaving three on the table. Ted would then re-read one of the earlier two clues, before the couple chose their second item to reject before that prize was then revealed to them. The final variety act would perform and leave a last clue. Ted would then re-read one of the previous clues and the couple would reject their third item, and another prize was then revealed. Ted would then re-read the remaining two clues and the couple would be faced with their final decision leaving them with the prize they have chosen and ultimately won, after seeing what the other prize they had rejected was, and also with the prize they had won, they had the money they won in part one of the show. Unlike the eliminated couples, the winning couple did not receive a ceramic Dusty Bin, unless they had Dusty at the end of the show, all they got was a brand new dustbin, the money they won in part one and a ceramic Dusty Bin. As well as Dusty Bin, which was always one of the five prizes, the other four prizes normally included a car and a holiday. Later series sometimes featured two cars as prizes.

The clues became notorious for being almost impossibly difficult and obscure, having only a remote connection to the prizes, which contestants sometimes did not appear to grasp even after Ted had revealed it to them. It has often been suggested that the clues had more than one possible explanation, allowing the producers to control which prize the contestants received. Indeed, in one episode, Ted jokingly said to confused contestants, attempting to make a decision: "well, the rhymes could mean anything, as you know.".

For example, a wishbone brought on by Sonny Hayes came with the clue "Take one that never changes, add a pub and a precious stone, bring them all up-to-date, and now, you're on your own.", which the contestants rejected hoping it referred to Dusty Bin. Rogers' explanation of the clue was: "'Take one that never changes', well, that could be Dusty Bin which of course is where you might throw a wishbone. 'Add a pub and a precious stone', well, that doesn't point to Dusty. 'Bring them all up-to-date, and now you're on your own.'. Well, what about the wishbone? Sonny said 'a large wishbone', so what might a large wishbone come from? Something larger than a chicken. Turkey, maybe? Now, 'one that never changes.' is a constant, a pub can also be an inn, there's a lot of precious stones but how many go with 'constant inn'? How about opal? Yes, Constantinople, up to date, the pride of Turkey, you've rejected a 3–2–1 holiday!".

Acts who appeared on the show
The early series of the programme featured a regular cast of comedy performers including Chris Emmett, Mike Newman, Felix Bowness, Debbie Arnold and Duggie Brown. This format was changed for later series when each show featured a number of variety acts of the day as well as a house dance troupe such as the Brian Rogers Connection who would perform solos for the first act. They would later often dance behind the acts who would invariably top the bill. Previous dance/hostess troupes who appeared include Lipstick (choreographed by hostess Libby Roberts) and the Gentle Secs.

Other hostesses who appeared on the show include: Mireille Allonville, Jenny Layland, Patsy Ann Scott, Annie St John, Karen Palmer, Gail Playfair, Tula, Alison Temple-Savage, Libby Roberts, Fiona Curzon, Karan David, Wei Wei Wong, Caroline Munro and Lynda Lee Lewis.

Acts who appeared included: Gloria Gaynor, George Roper, Ken Dodd, Charlie Williams, Bonnie Langford, Duncan Norvelle, Black Lace, Bernie Winters, Stutz Bear Cats, Kit and the Widow, Wall Street Crash, Kiki Dee, Michael Ball, 'Nasty Nigel' Lythgoe, Martin "The Beast" Francis, Tom Pepper, Fay Presto, Pete Price, Manhattan Transfer, Shane Richie, the Flaming Hamsters, Stan Boardman, Fascinating Aida, Showaddywaddy, Kajagoogoo, Frankie Howerd, Colm Wilkinson, Wilfrid Brambell from Steptoe and Son, Sinitta, Five Star, Indigo Lady, Cheryl Baker, Phil Cornwell, Jaki Graham, Nana Mouskouri, the Chuckle Brothers, Brian Conley, Roy Walker, the Drifters, John Sparkes, Wayne Sleep, Andrew O'Connor, Gareth Hunt, Peter Beckett, Syd Lawrence (with his orchestra), Humphrey Lyttelton, Frankie Vaughan, Jessica Martin, the Foxes, Mud, Keith Harris and Orville, Mick Miller, Diane Solomon, Tony Christie, Cover Girls, Lyn Paul, the Searchers, the Rockin' Berries, Stephanie Lawrence, Don Lusher (with his band), Madeline Bell, Georgie Fame, Wayne Dobson, the Real Thing, Rebecca Storm, Richard Digance, Anna Dawson, Marion Montgomery, Bill Maynard, the Krankies, Terry Scott, Carmel McSharry, Bob Carolgees, Diana Dors, Lionel Blair, Alvin Stardust, Phil Cool, Vince Eager, Mike Reid, Nicholas Parsons, Sheila Steafel, Danny La Rue, Les Dennis, The Wurzels, Joan Benham, Ken Colyer (with his jazzmen), Frazer Hines, Charlie Williams, Pan's People (as Dee Dee Wilde's Pan's People), Rita Webb, The Great Soprendo, Bernard Bresslaw, Charlie Drake, Aimi MacDonald, Mark Heap (the Two Marks), Vince Hill and Paul Da Vinci.

As was the style of the day, the show often featured speciality acts such as a female singer who sang unconvincing renditions of popular songs whilst her male partner sketched caricatures of famous people connected with the song on a flip chart (e.g. a sketch of Marilyn Monroe was drawn whilst the Elton John song Candle in the Wind was performed) who were Trevillion and (Sadie) Nine. The other songs performed were Smile (Though, Your Heart is Breaking), Eye of the Tiger accompanied by sketches of Charlie Chaplin and a boxer. The prize announcers were: Anthony Schaeffer (1984–1985) and later John Benson (1986–87), who had provided the famous voice-over for Sale of the Century.

The Christmas editions of the show sometimes featured celebrities in place of regular contestants. The first Christmas show for 1978 (but broadcast in January 1979 due to industrial action at YTV) featured three celebrity partners, paired according to their nationality. The winners were Ireland's Terry Wogan and Clodagh Rodgers. The pair eliminated the five prizes available for charity, becoming the series' first contestants to end up with the dustbin prize and thus earn nothing at all for their charity, much to their embarrassment. The following years, members of the public were featured as the contestants as with the regular show, but in 1981, John Inman and Barbara Windsor were the winners and they too won the dustbin; but on this occasion, the prizes were all revealed to be 'junk' and the dustbin was in fact the star prize. Inman & Windsor were in on the set up and deliberately contrived to win the dustbin. However the 1983 Christmas edition featured children as contestants.

The DJ Janice Long appeared as a contestant on the very first episode with her then husband, Trevor, in July 1978

Hand gesture
Ted Rogers would regularly make a lightning fast 3–2–1 hand gesture. This became an important gimmick of the show – and a school playground favourite – mainly because it was quite difficult to do, and resulted in a rude hand gesture if performed incorrectly . The correct way of doing the gesture is to hold up three fingers (index, middle, and ring) on the right hand, facing inward; two (index and middle) facing outward; and then one (index) facing inward, turning the wrist while changing the fingers.

Dusty Bin
Dusty Bin was both the show's mascot and its booby prize. Dusty would appear at the start of each show, dressed in the style of that week's theme, though, this did not occur in the 1987 series, as these programmes did not have a theme as per previous series.

The cartoon character of Dusty Bin was created by freelance designer John Sunderland, who developed the character based on the show producers' brief for a booby prize which would work on the British version of the show. The original Spanish version had a pumpkin as a booby prize. Sunderland's concept for the shows' original titles, which were shown on the original series, included the birth of the bin. The character came to life as Yorkshire Television's chevron logo falls to earth after shooting up into the sky like a rocket above the studios, exploding in a dustbin standing by the studio's stage door. The bin contained a clown's costume, parts of which become one with the bin, bringing it to life as the character Dusty Bin; part dustbin, part clown, all enduring iconic character.

The original robotic Dusty Bin, and his Yorkshire Terrier dog Garbage, was put together by Ian Rowley, in his converted chapel workshop in Rodley, Leeds. He used over 73 microprocessors, which was cutting edge 1980s remote control robotic technology in that day, at a cost around £10,000 to manufacture – which was a small fortune in those days – to control Dusty and Garbage, and in 151 shows, some of Dusty's & Garbage's antics included dressing up as a caveman and dinosaur, bullfighting as a matador and bull, dressing up as a baby, driving into the studio in a Ford Model T, juggling balls like a clown, playing the piano like Elton John, flying round the studio with a James Bond jetpack, escaping from chains like Harry Houdini, riding a bike, spraying Ted Rogers with paint and even driving a tank into the studio, to bomb the audience with confetti. There are three Dustys made in total, one which is fully robotic is with the creator Ian Rowley. Another is greeting people at the ITV studio entrance and the third is owned by Ted Rogers's son Danny.

In popular culture
In 1999, as part of their Christmas special entitled "The Phantom Millennium"; French and Saunders included Dusty Bin in a parody of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace; where Dusty Bin played Droid DB-321. Dawn French makes the 3–2–1 "hand signal" whilst she commands the droid in the guise of Queen Amanana (A parody of Queen Amidala). Also, as part of Comic Relief 2007, the BBC showed a short sketch based around The Proclaimers' 1988 song "I'm Gonna be (500 Miles)". Directed by and starring Peter Kay, it featured Dusty Bin dancing with a gaggle of forgotten celebrities from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The song was released as a CD single and DVD. Dusty also appeared briefly in a robot-themed chapter of the webcomic Scary Go Round.

The Class 321 trains were nicknamed 'Dusty Bins' due to the number bearing the same name as the game show, and class 153 unit number 153 321 is also affectionately known as 'Dusty Bin' by train crews because of its number. The Airbus A321 is also nicknamed 'Dusty Bin' due to the type bearing the same name as the show.

A 2001 episode of ChuckleVision entitled "Let's Get Quizzical" features Ted Rogers as a downmarket game show host. In one scene where the Chuckle Brothers are hiding from Rogers in two dustbin cans, Rogers shouts "Come back here with my dustbin!", possibly in reference to Rogers' association with 321 and Dusty Bin. Also in another scene where Rogers hosts the game show "Trophy's Cabinet" he begins with a small hand gesture, which is likely a parody of his famous 321 hand gesture.

The Burkiss Way, a radio comedy show which co-starred 3-2-1 regular Chris Emmett, parodied the show with a sketch involving a final clue of "It's a dustbin and not a car.", which was revealed to be an anagram of "It's a car and not a dustbin." and thus by rejecting it, the contestants had turned down winning a new car.

Another parody was performed on Russ Abbot's Madhouse, in which the show was named 1-2-3. The host - played by Les Dennis - presents as the final clue a suitcase and the rhyme: "I pack my bags to go on one, and stay in a nice hotel, and see the sun shine through the palm trees; this a travel agent might sell." The eager contestants (Russ Abbot and Bella Emberg) pick this prize, certain it will be the holiday... It turns out to be the bin.

In the Artic text adventure game "Planet of Death" that was made for all major 8 bit computers in the early 80s, 3-2-1 was a major clue towards the end of the game. When the character got past the force field, they entered a room that contained their ship and the lift that would take them off the planet. However, the lift is unpowered so on some further exploration the character comes across another room in which, there are 3 switches and the clue reads – "3,2,1 – No Dusty, Bin Rules.".

The two time (Scottish) BAFTA award winning jester and pro-gamer, Brian “Limmy” Limond regularly analyses old episodes of the show on his Twitch stream.

DVD game
An interactive DVD version of 3–2–1 was released by Universal in 2007. Hosted by Dusty Bin (though, Rogers appears in series clips used for the game), it offers both questions from original broadcasts and current ones.

The prizes
3–2–1 become notorious for the unconventional, cheap, and tacky prizes it awarded to winners. For instance, couples only won a brand new metal dustbin if the final clue revealed was "Dusty Bin". A pet dog was also awarded (Episode 1 featured a St. Bernard and a year's supply of brandy. This was rejected by Janice Long and her then husband Trevor. Other less extravagant prizes have included: a sofa that turns into a pool table, gold nuggets, a share in a racehorse, a family set of folding bicycles, a year's supply of fish, and matching 'his and hers' sheepskin coats.

title: 3-2-1


text: User talk:194.82.4.220

title: User talk:194.82.4.220


text: Talk:Humphrey Lyons

title: Talk:Humphrey Lyons


text:
Rugby league nines

Rugby league nines (or simply nines) is a version of rugby league football played with nine players on each side. The game is substantially the same as full rugby league, with some differences in rules and shorter games. Nines is usually played in festivals, as its shorter game play allows for a tournament to be completed in a day or over a single weekend.

In July 2021, International Rugby League (IRL) chair Troy Grant stated that the organization was considering a bid for rugby league nines to be played at the 2032 Summer Olympics in Brisbane. Rugby sevens, a similarly-condensed version of rugby union, has been a core Olympic event since 2016.

Laws
The laws of the game are the same as standard rugby league laws with the following exceptions.

 * Each team is allowed a squad of up to fifteen players, with no more than nine players on the field at any time. Unlimited substitutions are allowed from a named bench of four players.
 * The match lasts for 18 minutes, divided into two halves of 9 minutes. There is no half time interval but teams are allowed a maximum of 1 minute to change ends. Each half starts with a place kick.
 * Scrums consist of no more than 5 forwards, with a maximum 3 in the front row and 2 in the second row. When the ball is in the scrum no more than 4 players from each team shall act as backs. The ball must emerge from behind the feet of the second row.
 * Conversions after a successful try take the form of drop kicks. Players from the team that has conceded the score do not have to retire behind the try line but must not interfere with any conversion attempt.
 * When points have been scored the team against which points have been scored will restart the game with a tap restart from the centre of the half-way line.
 * When a team is awarded a penalty then play must proceed by way of a tap 10-metres in advance of where the infringement took place.
 * In the event of misconduct by a player the referee can suspend for 5 minutes. In the Carnegie Floodlit Nines, a major nines competition, this has been reduced to 2 minutes.

Rugby League World Cup Nines
The major rule changes that differ from regular National Rugby League games are as follows:

 * Two nine-minute halves with a two-minute half time period.
 * Nine players a side with six unlimited interchange players.
 * Scrums will only form after a double knock on, with attacking teams to elect which side to feed the ball.
 * No video referee, with one on-field referee.
 * Five minute golden try period in qualifying rounds with a draw to be deemed if there is no result, while unlimited golden try for the finals.
 * A tap restart will take place after a 40/20.
 * Five points for a try scored in the bonus zone under the posts, with two point drop kick conversion attempts.
 * The scoring team will have a dropkick off to restart play.
 * Three minute sin bins.
 * Five tackles in a set.

Major tournaments

 * NRL Nines
 * Rugby League World Cup 9s
 * Rugby league at the Pacific Games
 * Cabramatta International Nines
 * London 9s
 * Super League World Nines
 * RFL Women's Nines

title: Rugby league nines