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Kung Pow! Enter the Fist

'Kung Pow! Enter the Fist' is a 2002 American martial arts comedy film that parodies Hong Kong action cinema. Written, directed by and starring Steve Oedekerk, it uses footage from the 1976 Hong Kong martial arts film Tiger & Crane Fists (also called Savage Killers), along with new footage shot by Oedekerk, to create an original, unrelated plot.

Despite a negative critical reception, the film was a moderate box office success, grossing $17 million worldwide. It has since been considered a cult classic for its off-the-wall humor and parodying of various dubbing tropes.

Plot
A man, called The Chosen One by the narrator, wanders from town to town to search for the man who killed his family and tried to kill him when he was a baby. In one town, he meets Master Tang, a very ill and slightly deranged sifu, and asks Tang to help him improve his already impressive martial arts ability. Master Tang is skeptical at first, but after seeing The Chosen One's mark (his sentient tongue, which he names Tonguey), he allows him to train at his dojo. The Chosen One is introduced to two other students: Wimp Lo, a young man who was deliberately trained incorrectly as a joke, and Ling, a young woman who has romantic feelings for The Chosen One.

While training, The Chosen One shows cartoon-like feats of strength, and Wimp Lo deems him an enemy out of jealousy. Upon learning that Master Pain, the man who killed his parents, has just arrived in town, The Chosen One prepares to confront him. Master Pain draws a crowd and demonstrates his skills. He lets his henchmen hit him repeatedly with Bō staffs all over his body and groin, then subdues them all in one move. Impressed by Master Pain's skills, the town's mayor hires him, and Master Pain randomly changes his name to Betty. The Chosen One attempts to train himself by letting people hit him with bō staffs, but is knocked out after being hit. When he wakes up, a mysterious one-breasted woman named Whoa warns him not to rush to fight Betty. After flirtily fighting The Chosen One, Whoa flies off into the sky.

Ignoring Whoa's advice, The Chosen One sets off to find Betty. He comes across one of Betty's evil companions: Moo Nieu, a Holstein cow gifted in karate, with a large udder that can squirt milk as a weapon. The Chosen One eventually incapacitates Moo Nieu by milking her until her udder is empty. He sees Betty at a waterfall and confronts him. Master Doe, Ling's Father, shows up and tries to stop the unprepared Chosen One, and is wounded by Betty. The Chosen One takes Master Doe to Master Tang; it turns out they are old friends. However, as Tang massages Doe's wound, it does not close and Doe dies that night. Out of depression, Ling confesses her feelings for The Chosen One.

Confused, The Chosen One journeys out to a field and consults the heavens for confidence. Suddenly Mu-Shu Fasa, a lion, appears in the sky and dispenses advice in a scene parodying a portion of The Lion King. He returns to town and finds that Betty's hostility has expanded to the entire town, and they are killing anyone who may be his allies. He finds Wimp Lo, Ling, Master Tang and even his dog heavily maimed. However, except for Lo, they all survive. After taking Ling and his dog to safety, The Chosen One begins training himself. Discovering Betty's weak points are the pyramid spikes embedded in his chest, The Chosen One makes wooden dummies, embeds similar spikes onto their chests and attempts to pluck them out with his bare hands. His hands are battered and he is exhausted, but after Ling treats his wounds and gives an inspiring speech, he finds himself rejuvenated and successfully pulls off the attack.

Meanwhile, Betty is called by the mysterious Evil Council and learns that The Chosen One is alive. The Chosen One confronts Betty at the temple. They fight evenly, until the Evil Council shows up revealing themselves to be French aliens, and gives Betty supernatural powers. Betty viciously beats up The Chosen One, who, in a semi-unconscious state, sees visions of Whoa and Mu-Shu Fasa giving him advice. Mu-Shu instructs him to open his mouth. As soon as he does, Tonguey flies out and attacks and destroys the mother ship, causing the entire Evil Council armada to panic and retreat, leaving Betty vulnerable. The Chosen One eventually rips the pyramid spikes out of Betty's chest, killing him. As The Chosen One returns home with Ling, his tribulations are far from over, as presented in a trailer for a sequel, Kung Pow 2: Tongue of Fury, that immediately follows the final scene.

In a post-credits scene, Master Tang, who has been left behind, asks someone to help him from a hungry golden eagle eating his leg.

Cast

 * Steve Oedekerk – The Chosen One
 * Jimmy Wang Yu (archival footage)
 * Alejandro Olazabal – The Chosen One as a baby
 * Hui Lou Chen – Master Tang
 * Fei Lung – Master Pain a.k.a. "Betty"
 * Leo Lee – Young Master Pain
 * Ling Ling Tse – Ling
 * Lin Yan – Dying Ling
 * Lau Kar-wing – Wimp Lo
 * Banjo – Dog
 * Jennifer Tung – Whoa
 * Chi Ma – Master Doe
 * Tad Horino – Chew Fat Lip
 * Nasty Nes – Boombox Henchman
 * Ming Lo – Father
 * Peggy Lu – Mother
 * Tori Tran – Peasant Woman
 * Simon Rhee – Young Master Pain's Henchman

Voiced-over characters
In many scenes, Jimmy Wang Yu, the lead actor in Tiger & Crane Fists, was replaced by Oedekerk via post-production chroma key and digital compositing techniques such as head replacement. Oedekerk also re-dubbed all of the original cast's voices himself, inventing a different voice for every character. The only exception is the character of "Whoa", who was voiced by her actress, Jennifer Tung. During filming of their scenes, Oedekerk and Tung spoke nonsensical lines, which were later re-dubbed with the correct lines from the script, in order to maintain the appearance of poorly-dubbed foreign language consistent with the rest of the film.

Reception
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 13% based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 3.5/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "A short sketch's worth of jokes stretched into a full-length feature." Metacritic reports an average score of 14 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike". At the 2002 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film was nominated for Worst Picture and tied with The Master of Disguise for a win for Most Painfully Unfunny Comedy.

''Kung Pow! Enter the Fist'' grossed a total of $17 million worldwide on a budget of $10 million.

Future
In a livestream on March 27, 2022, Oedekerk has stated that, while his original plan was for there to be a Kung Pow trilogy, discussions to make a sequel with 20th Century Studios have not worked out. He also stated that he has thought of making a spiritual successor to the film using Spaghetti Westerns and/or Sword-and-sandal films.

title: Kung Pow! Enter the Fist


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Robbie Savage

Robert William Savage (born 18 October 1974) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, now a football pundit and head coach at club Macclesfield.

During his career he played predominantly as a midfielder, starting off as a youth player with Manchester United before joining Crewe Alexandra when released by the Old Trafford club. He became a regular for Leicester City in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and performed a similar role for Birmingham City and Blackburn Rovers. In 2008, he joined Derby County; after a short loan spell with Brighton & Hove Albion later that year, he returned to captain Derby, with whom he finished his playing career. He also played for the Wales national team on 39 occasions. He is now a pundit for the BBC and regularly presents 606 on BBC Radio 5 Live on Sunday evenings. He also co-presents Early Kick Off on BT Sport.

Early career
Born in Wrexham, Savage started his playing career with local sides Brickfield Rangers and Lex XI. When he finished school, he joined Manchester United as a trainee and originally played as a striker. He played in the FA Youth Cup winning team of 1992, and was later given a professional contract, but never played a first-team game for the club and signed for Crewe Alexandra in 1994.

He switched into midfield early in his time at Crewe and proved himself as a competent young player, helping them reach the Division Two play-offs in his first two seasons at the club; a remarkable feat for a newly promoted club who had only played at this level twice in the previous 30 years. Crewe then made it third time lucky by sealing promotion via the play-offs in 1997. It was the first time that Crewe had reached the second tier of the English football league system, but shortly after helping Crewe win promotion, Savage handed in a transfer request to manager Dario Gradi.

Leicester City
Savage was transferred to Premier League side Leicester City managed by Martin O'Neill, for a fee of £400,000, in July 1997. Savage spent five years at Leicester, where he made his name as a reliable, competitive and fiery midfielder. In 1999, Leicester reached the League Cup final against Tottenham Hotspur. In a controversial incident, Savage made a poor tackle on Tottenham's Justin Edinburgh who retaliated by swinging his arm out. Contact was minimal, but Savage fell to the ground. Edinburgh was sent off for raising his arms, and although Tottenham went on to win the final, many Spurs fans still hold a grudge against Savage for the incident to this day. However, a year later Savage reached the League Cup final again, this time winning 2–1 against Tranmere Rovers.

Birmingham City
When Leicester were relegated from the Premiership at the end of the 2001–02 season he transferred to newly promoted Birmingham City for a fee of £1.25 million, signing a three-year contract. He won the club's Player of the Year award in 2003. At the beginning of January 2005 he submitted a written request for a transfer, allegedly wishing to be nearer his ailing parents in Wrexham. On 19 January, he completed a move to Blackburn Rovers for a fee of £3 million, having scored 11 goals in 82 league games for Birmingham.

Blackburn Rovers
In his first five months as a Blackburn player, Savage helped his new club to Premier League safety and reached the FA Cup Semi-final, a 3–0 loss to Arsenal in his homeland's Millennium Stadium.

In March, Savage called an end to his international career after new manager John Toshack dropped him for a World Cup 2006 qualifying game against Austria. His feud with Toshack and the Welsh FA continued long into the 2005–06 season as Savage insisted he retired from international football only because Toshack told him he was not good enough to play for Wales.

In 2005–06, Savage was a regular performer for Blackburn, making 42 appearances and scoring once, against former club Birmingham. The following season, he scored against Salzburg and Wisła Kraków in Rovers' UEFA Cup campaign, but his season was cut short by a broken leg in January, which kept him out for the rest of the season.

During the 2007–08 season, Savage endured further problems with his knee, suffering a knock in the 2–1 win at Spurs after being caught by Robbie Keane. Surgery was required which kept him out of the starting lineup for six weeks. Following the return of Steven Reid to the Rovers starting lineup and some good form by David Dunn, he found it harder to get into the starting XI. Savage was well liked by the Blackburn fans and was given a standing ovation by a near capacity ground by the Rovers fans when he returned with Derby.

It was revealed by then Sunderland manager Roy Keane in his 2014 autobiography, that he had been given permission by Blackburn to sign Savage during the end of his time at Blackburn; however he was put off by Savage's "wazzupp" voicemail, with Keane describing his thoughts after hearing this as "I can't be fucking signing that".

Derby County
On 9 January 2008, Savage joined Derby County for a fee of £1.5 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract, and later revealed that he had taken a pay cut to join Derby in his search for first-team football and had rejected a move to Sunderland because he felt Derby had wanted him more. As the number 8 shirt, which he had worn at previous clubs, was already allocated to then-captain Matthew Oakley, he took the number 44 shirt because the numbers add up to 8. He was appointed the new Derby captain after Oakley was sold to Leicester, and he skippered the Derby side in his first match, a 1–0 home defeat to Wigan Athletic.

Rumours of Savage leaving Derby came in July 2008 when he missed out on every pre-season match. In August, Leicester City chairman Milan Mandaric declared an interest in Savage, which was dismissed by Derby. Paul Jewell repeatedly left Savage out of the team, after Derby's poor start to the 2008–2009 season, and he was replaced as captain by Alan Stubbs. Stubbs was forced to retire shortly into the new season through injury, but Savage was not considered for the role due to not being in the first team, and the armband went to Paul Connolly.

After failing to break back into the first team, Savage was sent out on loan in October to Brighton for a month to keep match fit. He would later reveal one year later, in a build-up to a match between Leicester and Derby County, that he had tried to secure a loan deal to the Walkers Stadium (Leicester had declared an interest in him months earlier). Savage even telephoned club ambassador Alan Birchenall and former teammate Paul Dickov to put in a good word with manager Nigel Pearson. Pearson, however, "said no", despite Derby offering to pay "90 or 95 per-cent" of Savage's wages. Following Jewell's resignation as Derby manager, Savage found himself brought back into first team contention by new manager Nigel Clough, who made him first choice in central midfield. Savage scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 loss to Doncaster Rovers on 27 February 2009.

Savage signed a one-year extension to his Derby contract with the club on 10 August 2009 to take him through to the end of the 2010–11 season. The next day, he was named in the Championship Team of the Week for his performance in the opening day victory over Peterborough United. Later that month, Savage was renamed as Captain of Derby County, replacing Paul Connolly, who manager Nigel Clough wanted to "concentrate on his own game". In response, Savage said that: "I did not deserve the captaincy when I first came to the club. I was handed it from the first day and I shouldn't have been. It was too much pressure for me and I had a nightmare. I let it get to me. I think I'm ready for it now. I feel more comfortable with it now." Derby struggled once again during the season, not achieving safety until the 44th fixture, but the season was a personal success for Savage as he appeared in all but one of Derby's 51 league and cup fixtures during the campaign, the match which he missed being due to suspension, starting 49 of them. He also scored twice; a free kick against Queens Park Rangers in a 4–2 home defeat and a volley at Sheffield United in a 1–1 draw. He also won the club's own Player of the Year award but lost out on the fan's award to Shaun Barker.

Savage again started in the Derby first XI in the 2010–11 season in a new 4–2–3–1 formation around new signing James Bailey, though Derby got off to a poor start winning just one of their opening seven league games, with Savage's form making fans question the justification for his place in the team and his status as skipper. He made his 100th appearance for the club in a 2–2 draw against Queens Park Rangers before he was dropped to the bench for a 1–1 draw at Barnsley, the first game he had played no part in for Derby (barring unavailability for selection) since Nigel Clough's arrival as manager in January 2009.

Savage played in goal for Derby on 11 March 2010, when Stephen Bywater was taken off with a back injury against Reading. He let in two goals during his 45 minutes in the Derby goal.

On 16 October 2010, Savage played his 600th career match in a 3–0 victory on Preston North End, scoring an injury-time penalty to seal the win. In January 2011, Savage revealed that he was considering leaving the club for a move to Vancouver Whitecaps, Savage stating: "One thing is for sure, I will be leaving Derby County at the end of the season, if not before, even if they offer me a new contract. My time is up here. I've thoroughly enjoyed my time with Derby and I want to walk away with my head held high". One fan responded by telephoning Savage during an interview on BBC Radio 5 Live and telling him to "leave the club now" and "take young Mr. Clough with him". Savage eventually rejected the move, stating it was too big a move for his family. On 31 January 2011, Savage announced that he would be retiring at the end of the season to concentrate on his growing media career. In his last two games, a home loss against Bristol City and an away defeat at Reading, he was met with a round of applause and a standing ovation from both sets of supporters.

Stockport Town
On 24 November 2019, Savage came out of retirement to join Stockport Town of the North West Counties League. He made his league debut for the club the following evening, as an 80th-minute substitute in a 3–2 victory over FC Oswestry Town. That was his only appearance.

International career
Savage played at under-18 and under-21 level for Wales before making his senior international debut in 1995 against Albania while at Crewe. Savage attained 39 caps, scoring two goals, both in World Cup qualifying against Turkey and Norway, before retiring from international football in September 2005, saying he wished to concentrate on his club career. However, many people believe the reason he quit was due to a spat with Wales manager John Toshack. Savage did give the explanation that "John Toshack said it was my way or the highway – well I'm on the M56."

On 6 March 2006, he appeared on Welsh radio, partaking in a debate with pundit Leighton James over his exclusion from the Wales squad. Early in his international career he clashed with former Wales manager Bobby Gould when he jokingly threw a replica of Paolo Maldini's shirt into a disposal bin before a match against Italy. Savage was initially dropped by Gould from the squad only to be reinstated the next day.

Style of play and controversies
Savage's style as a midfield player was all-action and energetic, and he regularly collected yellow cards, and for a while held the dubious distinction of being awarded the most yellow cards of any Premiership player in the league's history – 89, although he has now been overtaken by Lee Bowyer, Kevin Davies and Paul Scholes. Fans of Aston Villa, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United and Arsenal have accused him of simulation, whether to win a set piece or to get an opponent red carded.

During a match against Newcastle United in August 2003, the referee Matt Messias swung his arm out and accidentally hit Savage in the face as Savage was running behind him. On 17 January 2010, whilst commentating for BBC Radio 5 Live's coverage of a Premier League match between Aston Villa and West Ham United at Villa Park, a clearance by Villa midfielder Stiliyan Petrov hit Savage in the face causing some minor bleeding to the nose.

Savage has, however, only been sent off twice in his career: once during an international game for the Welsh national team, and once during a Premier League game for Blackburn. He received his first-ever red card when he was sent off in Wales' World Cup qualification match against Northern Ireland in September 2004 for reacting to a foul on him by midfielder Michael Hughes. Both Hughes and Savage were sent off, but, on later review, the punishment of Savage seemed harsh to some. Savage was ridiculed for threatening to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights over the decision. His once-impressive statistic of never being sent off in a Premiership match ended on 18 March 2006 when he was dismissed against Middlesbrough for two bookable offences. Both were controversial – the first for a challenge on George Boateng where he appeared to take the ball, and the second for handball when it seemed unintentional. Savage later admitted that he was probably due a controversial sending off because he had escaped punishment for illegal challenges in the past.

One famous example of his eccentric behaviour was while he played for Leicester City. In an incident to become known as "Poogate" he used the referee's toilet before a game, claiming he had an upset stomach due to antibiotics he was on at the time. The Football Association charged him and he was fined £10,000, a decision that he appealed against, but lost. Leicester fined him two weeks' wages for the incident.

Whilst playing for Leicester, in the final minute of a league game against rivals Derby at Pride Park in 2001, Savage dived in the penalty area. Leicester were awarded the penalty, which was converted, and meant they won the game 3–2. Savage's blatant dive, his hopeful look at the referee and his aggressive fist-pumping celebration in front of the home fans resulted in a torrent of abuse from the fans and in Savage being chased across the pitch by incensed Derby players, two of whom were booked. Derby fans regularly booed, jeered and abused Savage whenever he played against them, and when he became a Derby player in January 2008, he was treated with a mixture of hostility and indifference, partly over the incident, and partly over his average form.

Savage is also famous for an incident at Villa Park, while playing for Birmingham City, in a bad-tempered Second City derby in March 2003. After a slide tackle on him by Dion Dublin, a confrontation between the two and several other players occurred before Dublin headbutted Savage. Dublin was then sent off by referee Mark Halsey as result. Birmingham would go on to win the derby 0–2.

When being interviewed by BBC Radio Derby's Colin Gibson in January 2010, Savage reacted furiously to rumours he heard that the Derby players think the club's backroom staff are not up to the job. These rumours were brought up during a phone-in on Gibson's show on the station the preceding weekend, following the Rams' 4–1 defeat at home to Scunthorpe United on 9 January.

Broadcasting career
Savage occasionally acted as a pundit during his club career, and started working in the media more regularly in the 2009–10 season. He worked in a number of different punditry roles during the 2010 FIFA World Cup before joining the presenting team for BBC Radio 5 Live's 6-0-6 show. In September 2010, Savage signed up as official sporting ambassador for bookmakers William Hill. In May 2011 he was awarded the Sony Radio Academy Rising Star Award, as well as winning an award from the Plain English Campaign.

Between 2009 and 2013, Savage was a pundit on ESPN, and has since moved to TNT Sports.

Since retiring from football in May 2011, Savage has attempted to become a more prominent broadcasting figure beyond punditry. From September 2011 Savage took part in the 2011 series of Strictly Come Dancing, partnering Ola Jordan. The show broadcast on 22 October saw Savage perform a dramatic knee-slide towards the camera, which resulted in a broken nose. Savage and Jordan were eliminated from the competition in the quarterfinal on 4 December 2011, placing sixth.

In October 2012, along with 463 other players, Savage took part in BBC Radio 5 Live's attempt to set a new Guinness World Record for the 'most players in a continuous 5 a side exhibition match'. This was for BBC Children in Need along with comedian Lloyd Langford and BBC Radio 5 Live travel reporter Lindsey Chapman. Along with Ex-England cricketer Andrew Flintoff, Savage is part of a BBC Radio 5 Live podcast called Flintoff, Savage & The Ping Pong Guy, hosted by former table tennis player Matthew Syed, which discussed current sporting topics.

Club management
Savage's involvement with Stockport Town led to him becoming involved with the creation of phoenix club Macclesfield F.C. in October 2020. Macclesfield owner Robert Smethurst appointed Savage as a member of the board (later director of football) with Danny Whitaker as manager. On 30 August 2021, Macclesfield defeated local rivals Congleton Town 1–0 in the NWCFL Premier Division; the match was suspended for several minutes late in the second half due to crowd trouble, during which Savage intervened to break up fighting.

On 17 June 2024, Robbie Savage was appointed head coach at Macclesfield.

Personal life
Savage was born in Wrexham on 18 October 1974, to Colin and Valerie Savage. He attended Ysgol Bryn Alyn in Gwersyllt until he completed his GCSE studies in July 1991. On leaving school, Savage joined Manchester United as an apprentice.

Savage and his wife Sarah have two sons. In 2012 one of his sons, Charlie, was attached to Manchester United's youth academy and in April 2021 he signed his first professional contract with the club. On 8 December 2021, Savage provided commentary for BT Sport in the match where his son Charlie made his senior Manchester United debut in the UEFA Champions League, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–1 draw against Young Boys.

Robbie Savage's father was diagnosed with Pick's disease, a dementia-type illness, when he was in his mid-50s, and died in 2012. Savage is an ambassador for the dementia care and research charity, the Alzheimer's Society.

Savage had said in the future he would have liked to finish his career at home town club Wrexham before going on to manage them. He also said that the greatest regret of his football career was not signing for Everton when he had the chance in 2005.

Savage published a biography in 2011, Savage!, written with Janine Self, and in 2015 published I'll Tell You What..., a book of memoir and punditry.

In October 2014, Savage was awarded an honorary fellowship at Wrexham's Glyndŵr University for services to sport.

International
Appearances and goals by national team and year

International goals
 * Scores and results list Wales's goal tally first. Score column lists score after each Savage goal.

 * 1 || 20 August 1997 || Ali Sami Yen Stadium, Istanbul, Turkey || 🇹🇷 turkey ||style="text-align:center"| 2–2 ||style="text-align:center"| 4–6 || 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification ||
 * 2 || 5 September 2001 || Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway || 🇳🇴 norway ||style="text-align:center"| 1–0 ||style="text-align:center"| 2–3 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification ||
 * }
 * 2 || 5 September 2001 || Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway || 🇳🇴 norway ||style="text-align:center"| 1–0 ||style="text-align:center"| 2–3 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification ||
 * }

Honours
Manchester United Youth
 * FA Youth Cup: 1991–92

Leicester City
 * Football League Cup: 1999–2000; runner-up: 1998–99

Scholastic

Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robbie Savage


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Talk:Municipality of Strathfield/to do

 * work on lead section to include summary of main points of article
 * find additional sources (History section - no sources; politics section - history of royal commission needs sources, + generally facts aren't sourced - would be nice to know where the information came from!; culture section has unreferenced claims of famous past residents; education#notable alumni; and incidents section - first 3 sections most important though)

title: Talk:Municipality of Strathfield/to do


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Squaw Lake

Squaw Lake may refer to:

 * Squaw Lake, Minnesota, USA; a city in Itasca County
 * Nüümü Hu Hupi, USA; a lake in John Muir Wilderness, Sierra Nevada, Fresno County. Formerly known as "Squaw Lake"
 * East Indian Lake, USA; a lake in Kalkaska County, Michigan formerly known as "Squaw Lake"
 * Muskrat Lake (New York), USA; a lake in Hamilton County formerly known as "Squaw Lake"
 * Eight lakes in Wisconsin; all formerly known as some variation of "Squaw Lake"
 * Schefferville/Squaw Lake Water Aerodrome (Transport Canada id: CSZ9) aka "Squaw Lake" (airport)

title: Squaw Lake


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1924 South American Championship

The eighth edition of the South American Championship was held in Montevideo, Uruguay from 12 October to 2 November 1924.

Overview
CONMEBOL asked the Paraguayan Football Association to organize it, but it refused because they lacked the infrastructure for such an event. However, the association did organize it, but by way of honouring the recent Paris 1924 gold-medallists, Uruguay, it was held there.

The participating countries were Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Brazil withdrew from the tournament.

Squads
For a complete list of participants squads see: 1924 South American Championship squads

Final round
Each team played one match against each of the other teams. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a defeat.

Goal scorers
4 goals
 * 🇺🇾 Pedro Petrone

2 goals
 * 🇵🇾 Ildefonso López
 * 🇺🇾 Ángel Romano

1 goal

 * 🇦🇷 Gabino Sosa
 * 🇦🇷 Juan Loyarte
 * 🇨🇱 David Arellano
 * 🇵🇾 Gerardo Rivas
 * 🇵🇾 Pasiano Urbita
 * 🇺🇾 José Cea
 * 🇺🇾 Pedro Zingone

title: 1924 South American Championship


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Spruce Creek

Spruce Creek may refer to:

Canada

 * Spruce Creek (British Columbia), a stream in the Atlin Country

United States
Colorado
 * Spruce Creek (Larimer County, Colorado), a tributary of the Big Thompson River

Florida
 * Spruce Creek Airport, in Port Orange
 * Spruce Creek High School, in Port Orange
 * Spruce Creek (Florida), a tributary of the Halifax River

Iowa
 * Spruce Creek (Iowa) a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River

Maine
 * Spruce Creek (Maine), a creek in York County, Maine

New York
 * Spruce Creek (New York), crossed by the Salisbury Center Bridge in Herkimer County

Pennsylvania
 * Spruce Creek (Pennsylvania), a tributary of the Little Juniata River
 * Spruce Creek, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
 * Spruce Creek Township, Pennsylvania

West Virginia
 * Spruce Creek (West Virginia), a stream in Ritchie County

title: Spruce Creek


text: User talk:81.76.66.5

title: User talk:81.76.66.5


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File:Stephen Fry moab is my washpot.jpg

Image Description

 * Front cover of Moab Is My Washpot.
 * Image is taken from Amazon.

Non-free / fair use media rationale in Moab Is My Washpot
Although this image is subject to copyright, it is covered by US fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is only being used in the article about the book (Moab Is My Washpot) for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) Use of the book cover visually identifies the book and its author in a manner that mere prose cannot, and meets all criteria in WP:NFCC.
 * 3) This image enhances the article in which it's displayed, as it provides an immediate relevance to the reader more capably than the textual description alone.
 * 4) The image is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * 5) The image is the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 6) The image is a low resolution image of the book cover, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 7) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 8) The use of this image will not affect the value of the original work.
 * 9) The use of this image will not limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute or make a profit from the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the book.

title: File:Stephen Fry moab is my washpot.jpg


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Philipp van Limborch

Philipp van Limborch (19 June 1633 – 30 April 1712) was a Dutch Remonstrant theologian.

Biography
Limborch was born on 19 June 1633 in Amsterdam, where his father was a lawyer. He received his education at Utrecht, at Leiden, in his native city, and finally at Utrecht University, which he entered in 1652. In 1657 he became a Remonstrant pastor at Gouda, and in 1667 he was transferred to Amsterdam, where, in the following year, the office of professor of theology in the Remonstrant seminary was added to his pastoral charge. He was a friend of John Locke, whose A Letter Concerning Toleration was likely addressed to, and first published by, Philipp van Limborch. He died in Amsterdam on 30 April 1712.

Theology
In theology, Limborch diverged radically from Jacobus Arminius and Arminianism. He embraced Rationalism and Semi-Pelagianism. Practically he didn't believe in total depravity, and assimilated prevenient grace to common grace.

Works
His most important work, Institutiones theologiae christianae, ad praxin pietatis et promotionem pacis, christianae unice directae (Amsterdam, 1686, 5th ed., 1735), is a full and clear exposition of the system of Simon Episcopius and Stephan Curcellaeus. The fourth edition (1715) included a posthumous Relatio historica de origine et progressu controversiarum in foederato Belgio de praedestinatione.

Limborch also wrote:
 * De veritate religionis Christianae amica collatio cum erudito Judaeo (Gouda, 1687) (the "erudite Jew" in question was Isaac Orobio de Castro)
 * Historia Inquisitionis (1692), in four books prefixed to the Liber Sententiarum Inquisitionis Tolosanae (1308–1323)
 * Commentarius in Acta Apostolorum et in Epistolas ad Romanos et ad Hebraeos (Rotterdam, 1711)

An English translation of the Theologia was published in 1702 by William Jones (A Complete System or Body of Divinity, both Speculative and Practical, founded on Scripture and Reason, London, 1702); and a translation of the Historia Inquisitionis, by Samuel Chandler, with a large introduction concerning the rise and progress of persecution and the real and pretended causes of it prefixed, appeared in 1731. See Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie.

Editorial work
In 1689 Limborch edited the compilation of Socinian Samuel Przypkowski's works in the last volume of the Bibliotheca antitrinitariorum or Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum of the Polish Brethren. Previous volumes had been edited after the death of Christopher Sandius by Benedykt Wiszowaty in 1684.

His editorial labors included the publication of various works of his predecessors, and of Epistolae ecclesiasticae praestantum ad eruditorum virorum (Amsterdam, 1684), chiefly, by Jacobus Arminius, Joannes Uytenbogardus, Konrad Vorstius (1569–1622), Gerhard Vossius (1577–1649), Hugo Grotius, Simon Episcopius (his grand-uncle) and Caspar Barlaeus; they are of great value for the history of Arminianism.

His edition of the Liber Sententiarum Inquisitionis Tolosanae is still considered important nowadays for its meticulous transcription of a manuscript by the Dominican inquisitor Bernard Gui long regarded as lost forever, but rediscovered in London (British Library, ms. Add. 4697). Recently a new edition has appeared (Le Livre des sentences de l'inquisiteur Bernard Gui (1308-1323) edited by Annette Palès-Gobillard (2 volumes, Paris 2003).

title: Philipp van Limborch


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Corporate Airlines Flight 5966

Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 was a scheduled passenger flight from St. Louis, Missouri to Kirksville, Missouri. On October 19, 2004, the Jetstream 32 aircraft operating the flight crashed on approach to Kirksville Regional Airport as a result of pilot error, killing 13 of the 15 people aboard.

Flight information

Flight 5966 was a flight route from St. Louis Lambert International Airport in St. Louis, Missouri, United States to Kirksville Regional Airport in unincorporated Adair County, Missouri, near the city of Kirksville. Corporate Airlines (later RegionsAir, now defunct) flew the route as part of the AmericanConnection network, an affiliate of American Airlines.

The captain was 48-year-old Kim William Sasse, a former flight instructor who had been with Corporate Airlines since 2001. He had logged 4,234 flight hours, including 2,510 hours on the Jetstream 32. The first officer was 29-year-old Jonathan Palmer, also a former flight instructor. Palmer had been hired by Corporate Airlines only three months before the accident and had 2,856 flight hours, only 107 of which were on the Jetstream 32.

Accident
On October 19, 2004, the Jetstream 32 twin-engine turboprop flying the route crashed on the approach to Kirksville Airport. The crash killed both pilots and 11 of the 13 passengers aboard. The two surviving passengers were seriously injured.

Some of the 13 passengers were doctors from other states who had been due to attend a seminar at the A. T. Still University. These included Steven Z. Miller, who was killed in the crash. Dr. Miller was director of pediatric emergency medicine at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, a prominent figure in the "humanism in medicine" movement.

Investigation

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the accident was: "[T]he pilots' failure to follow established procedures and properly conduct a non-precision instrument approach at night in instrument meteorological conditions, including their descent below the minimum descent altitude before required visual cues were available (which continued un-moderated until the airplane struck the trees) and their failure to adhere to the established division of duties between the flying and non-flying (monitoring) pilot."

The NTSB analysis of the cockpit voice recorder suggested that both pilots were looking outside the cockpit for visual cues to the location of the airport and failed to realize how low they had descended below the minimum descent altitude. The report further states:

"Contributing to the accident were the pilots' failure to make standard callouts and the current Federal Aviation Regulations that allow pilots to descend below the minimum descent altitude into a region in which safe obstacle clearance is not assured based upon seeing only the airport approach lights. The pilots' failure to establish and maintain a professional demeanor during the flight and their fatigue likely contributed to their degraded performance."

In popular culture
The television series Aircrash Confidential featured the incident in the third episode of Season 2, titled Pilot Fatigue.

The crash was also featured in Season 23, Episode 1 of the Canadian documentary series Mayday, titled "Deadly Exchange".

title: Corporate Airlines Flight 5966


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Side stitch

A side stitch (or "stitch in one's side") is an intense stabbing abdominal pain under the lower edge of the ribcage that occurs during exercise. It is also called a side ache, side cramp, muscle stitch, or simply stitch, and the medical term is exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP). It sometimes extends to shoulder tip pain, and commonly occurs during running, swimming, and horseback riding. Approximately two-thirds of runners will experience at least one episode of a stitch each year. The precise cause is unclear, although it most likely involves irritation of the abdominal lining, and the condition is more likely after consuming a meal or a sugary beverage. If the pain is present only when exercising and is completely absent at rest, in an otherwise healthy person, it does not require investigation. Typical treatment strategies involve deep breathing and/or manual pressure on the affected area.

Causes
The precise cause of ETAP is unclear. Proposed mechanisms include diaphragmatic ischemia (insufficient oxygen); stress on the supportive visceral ligaments that attach the abdominal organs to the diaphragm; gastrointestinal ischemia or distension; cramping of the abdominal musculature; ischemic pain resulting from compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament under the diaphragm; aggravation of the spinal nerves; or, most likely, irritation of the parietal peritoneum (abdominal lining).

Although the diaphragm is mostly innervated by the phrenic nerve, and thus could explain referred pain to the shoulder tip region, the main evidence against diaphragmatic ischemia is that ETAP can be induced by activities of low respiratory demand, such as horse, camel, and motorbike riding, where ischemia of the diaphragm is unlikely. In a study using a fluoroscopic technique, diaphragmatic movements during an ETAP episode have been shown to be full and unrestricted. In another study, researchers analyzed flow-volume loops from subjects who were experiencing ETAP and found no compromise in any measures of breathing, suggesting that the diaphragm is not implicated directly in the causation of ETAP.

Some have proposed that this abdominal pain may be caused by internal organs (like the liver and stomach) pulling downwards on the diaphragm, but this hypothesis is inconsistent with its frequent occurrence during swimming, which involves almost no downward force on these organs.

Frictional irritation of the parietal peritoneum has been suggested as a cause of ETAP. The parietal peritoneum is the outer layer of the peritoneum that adheres to the abdominal wall and underside of the diaphragm. Because the portion of the peritoneum that underlies the diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, it could explain the shoulder tip pain. The parietal peritoneum traverses the entire abdominal wall, which could account for the widespread distribution of ETAP; the tension in the parietal peritoneum is increased with torso extension; children have a proportionally larger peritoneal surface compared to adults, which could explain the increased prevalence of ETAP in younger individuals; and pain arising from the parietal peritoneum relieves quickly on removal of the stimulus, similar to what is observed for ETAP when activity is ceased. After a meal, distention of the stomach could increase friction between the visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum, and sugary beverages could provoke ETAP due to slower emptying of the stomach. In fact, the fluid in the peritoneal cavity is highly responsive to osmotic gradients between it and its vascular supply.

In the absence of a clear cause, any treatment techniques are uncertain. Typical strategies involve deep breathing and/or manual pressure on the affected area.

Occurrence
Side stitches occur in every level of athletes from school-aged children, weekend exercisers, or elite athletes, although they are more common in younger people. Activities that use upper body twists, like running, swimming, and horseback riding, report this affliction more often. Approximately two-thirds of runners will experience at least one episode of a stitch each year.

title: Side stitch


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Sudan national football team

The Sudan national football team (منتخب السُّودَان الْوَطَنِيّ لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Sudan in international football and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association, the governing body for football in Sudan. Its home ground is Khartoum Stadium in the capital Khartoum. In 1957, it was one of the three teams to participate in the inaugural Africa Cup of Nations, the other two being Egypt and Ethiopia.

Sudan is one of the oldest teams in Africa and won the 1970 Africa Cup of Nations as hosts.

Beginning and an African giant (1946–1970)
The Sudan Football Association was founded in 1936 and thus it became one of the oldest football associations to exist in Africa. However, before the foundation of the Football Association, Sudan had started experiencing football brought to the country by the British colonizers since early 20th century via Egypt. Other Sudanese clubs founded at that time include Al-Hilal Omdurman, Al-Merrikh, which led to popularization of football in the country. The Khartoum League became the first national league to be played in Sudan, laying ground for the future development of Sudanese football.

Being experienced early with football, Sudan was quick to affiliate itself with FIFA in 1948, and soon after, Sudanese officials were instrumental, along with Ethiopian, South African and Egyptian counterparts, forming the Confederation of African Football in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum in 1957. Following the establishment of CAF, Sudan participated in the 1957 African Cup of Nations, the first historic Africa Cup of Nations which Sudan was host. The national team finished third, as South Africa was banned over apartheid.

During that early era, Sudan produced some of the finest players, most notably Mustafa Azhari, the captain of Sudan during this period; Nasr El-Din Abbas, who became Sudan's top scorer in the country's football team; Siddiq Manzul, who was an instrumental leader in Sudan's forward; Ali Gagarin with his meteoric ability. Sudan then won the 1970 African Cup of Nations, their only African trophy up to date.

Decline (1970–2008)
With the retirement of a significant number of Sudanese football star at the time, the national team of Sudan deteriorated. Sudan participated in 1972 and 1976 editions, but Sudan wasn't able to get out of the group stage. At the time, Sudan was plagued by the first and second civil wars that led to football in the country being largely unable to retain its status. Likewise, Sudan also suffered from series of political upheavals that drained the country's football resources. As such, Sudan struggled to qualify for another AFCON, and the country has yet to qualify for a single FIFA World Cup. Only Libya being the other major Arab country in Africa to have never achieved the feat. Often Sudan participated in AFCON qualification and majority finished in bottom or near bottom of their qualification. This was totally contrasted to their successes in club competition, as Sudanese clubs were omnipresent in CAF Champions League.

Small resurgence (2008–2012)
On 9 September 2007, Sudan beat World Cup participant Tunisia 3–2 at home, making Sudan the top finisher in the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group 4. This meant Sudan had finally returned to the AFCON after 32 years. In the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations, their first in 32 years, Sudan was grouped in group C, which they shared with Egypt, Cameroon and Zambia. Sudan lost all three competitive games finishing at the bottom of their group.

Sudan reached the final round of the 2010 World Cup qualifiers but finished last with only a point, failing to reach AFCON and World Cup.

Sudan (as hosts) automatically qualified for the 2011 African Nations Championship. They finished top of their group which consisted of Algeria, Uganda and Gabon to then advance to the knockout stages. After defeating Niger on penalties in the quarterfinals, they lost against Angola in the semifinals (also on penalties) to then win 1–0 against former groupmates Algeria (who also lost on penalties in the semifinals) and finish third in the Championship, their first top 4 finish in a major African tournament since 1970.

In the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, Sudan was once again in the same group with Ghana, alongside Swaziland and Congo. Sudan lost only one game and reached the tournament In the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations, in group B, Sudan finished second behind Ivory Coast, and overcame Angola by goal difference to reach the knockout stage for the first time since 1970. Sudan played Zambia in the last eight, and lost 0–3. Zambia would go on to win the tournament for the first time.

Downfall (2012–2018)
In 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, Sudan suffered a huge blow when they lost to neighbor Ethiopia by away goal, losing 0–2 in Addis Ababa after a very eventful 5–3 win at home, thus missed out the competition. Since then, Sudan continued to struggle qualifying for the African Cup of Nations for the next 7 years. They also had no success qualifying for the African Nations Championship after their 3rd-place finish in 2011 for a while until 2018.

Fluctuation (2018–present)
In 2018 they qualified for the 2018 African Nations Championship after failing to do so in two previous competitions and finished 3rd place, and it was seen as a signal heralding a new era of Sudanese football. Shortly after, with an almost identical crop of players, Sudan succeeded in qualifying for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, finishing ahead of powerhouse South Africa, including two famous wins at home against Ghana and South Africa and eliminated the South Africans in process, successfully returned to the AFCON after nine years. The optimism increased when Sudan beat Libya 1–0 in the qualification for the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup, under the same management of French coach Hubert Velud, making impressions that Sudan would soon recover its glorious place among Arab and African football nations.

However, Sudan had a disastrous opening during the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification. Being drawn with the likes of a fellow Arab state and powerhouse Morocco, as well as Guinea-Bissau and Guinea which have never taken part in a World Cup like Sudan, the Sudanese were still being regarded as somewhat better than the two Guineas and could be a potential competitor against Morocco. Sudan started its quest with a 0–2 away to the Moroccans in Rabat, which was seen as acceptable. Yet in the home fixture against Guinea-Bissau, Sudan was completely trashed by the Bissau-Guineans 2–4, to leave the team in the bottom place and reducing hopes to qualify for a maiden World Cup. Sudan's hope was completely dashed after winning only two points after two consecutive draws over Guinea, effectively making Sudan the first team to be eliminated in the group.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * 🇸🇩 Saleh Rajab (1956)
 * 🇭🇺 Jozsef Hada (1957 – 1959)
 * 🇧🇬 Lozan Kotsev (1959 – 1964)
 * Jiří Starosta (1964 – 1968)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Hassan Kheiri (1968 – 1970)
 * 🇸🇩 Abdel Fatah Hemed (1970 – 1974)
 * Ivan Yanko (1974 – 1976)
 * 🇸🇩 Ebrahim Kabir (1976 – 1978)
 * Burkhard Ziese (1978 – 1980)
 * 🇸🇩 Sayed Saleem (1980 – 1996)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Mazda (1996)
 * 🇸🇩 Nasreldin Jaksa (1996)
 * 🇸🇩 Sharafeldin Musa (1998)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Mahmoud (1999)
 * 🇸🇩 Fawzi Almardi (2000)
 * Zoran Đorđević (2000)
 * 🇸🇩 Ahmed Babeker (2000 – 2002)
 * 🇵🇱 Wojciech Lazarek (2002 – 2004)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Mazda (2005 – 2008)
 * 🏴 Stephen Constantine (2009 – 2010)
 * 🇸🇩 Ahmed Babeker (2010)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Mazda (2010 – 2015)
 * 🇸🇩 Ahmed Babeker (2015)
 * 🇸🇩 Hamdan Hemed (2016)
 * 🇸🇩 Muhamed Mazda (2016)
 * 🇭🇷 Zdravko Logarušić (2017 – 2019)
 * 🇸🇩 Khaled Bakhit (2020)
 * 🇫🇷 Hubert Velud (2020 – 2021)
 * 🇸🇩 Burhan Tia (2021 – 2023)
 * 🇲🇦 Ezzaki Badou (2023)
 * 🇲🇦 Yusuf Fartout (2023)
 * 🇬🇭 James Kwesi Appiah (2023 – present)

Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification - CAF Group B matches against Togo & DR Congo on 16 and 19 November 2023.

Caps and goals are correct as of 19 November 2023, after the match against DR Congo.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up for Sudan in the last 12 months.

 * Notes
 * INJ = Withdrew due to injury
 * PRE = Preliminary squad / standby
 * RET = Retired from the national team

Records
.
 * Players in bold are still active with Sudan.

Olympic Games

 * Football at the Summer Olympics has been an under-23 tournament since the 1992 edition.

African Games

 * Prior to the Cairo 1991 campaign, the Football at the All-Africa Games was open to full senior national teams.

Arab Games

 * Prior to the Algeria 2023 campaign, the Football at the Arab Games was open to full senior national teams.

Honours

 * Africa Cup of Nations
 * Champion (1): 1970
 * Runners-up (2): 1959, 1963
 * Third place (1): 1957
 * CECAFA Cup
 * Champion (3): 1980, 2006, 2007
 * Runners-up (2): 1990, 2013
 * Third place (3): 1996, 2004, 2011
 * Arab Games
 * Runners-up (1): 1965
 * Third place (1): 2023
 * African Nations Championship
 * Third place (2): 2011, 2018

title: Sudan national football team


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User talk:Coolio

Hi Coolio, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are a few helpful links to start you off: Avoiding common mistakes, How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style, Policies and guidelines, Help, Merging pages.

If you need help or are curious about something, feel free to ask on my talk page or the village pump. You can sign your name and a date stamp on comments using four tildes ( ~ ). If you have any further questions, feel free to ask, and I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian!

Andre ( talk )A| 15:47, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Coolio


text:
User:Stratofortress

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this:. Four tildes ( ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - Nat Krause 15:49, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Amazingly good stuff you've been adding please keep it up.. THanks Chuck F 15:03, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Stratofortress


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/COTM

Category:Wikipedia Collaboration templates


text:
Jonathan LaPaglia

Jonathan LaPaglia (, ; born 31 August 1969) is an Australian actor and television personality. He has hosted Network 10's revival of Australian Survivor since 2016. As an actor, LaPaglia is known for his roles as Frank B. Parker in the television series Seven Days, Kevin Debreno in The District and Detective Tommy McNamara in New York Undercover.

Early and personal life
LaPaglia was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest of three sons of Maria Johannes (née Brendel), a secretary, originally from the Netherlands and Gedio "Eddie" LaPaglia, an auto mechanic and car dealer from Bovalino, Calabria, Italy. His elder brothers are actor Anthony LaPaglia, and Michael LaPaglia, a car wholesaler in Los Angeles. LaPaglia lives in Santa Monica, California, with his wife Ursula Brooks and daughter.

Career
LaPaglia graduated from Rostrevor College, and then from the University of Adelaide with a MBBS medical degree in 1991. He worked three years as an emergency ward physician in Adelaide, Sydney and London. Feeling restricted, he decided to follow his brother into acting. In 1994, he moved to New York City where he joined the Circle in the Square Theatre School. He got his first break in 1996 when he joined the cast of the television series New York Undercover.

From 1998 until 2001, he played the role of Cmdr. Frank B. Parker on the science fiction series Seven Days. Afterwards, he played Detective Kevin Debreno, on The District from 2001–2004. LaPaglia has also guest-starred in numerous series including The Sopranos, NCIS, Cold Case and Castle. He appeared in the May 2008 issue of Car Craft magazine with his custom 6.1L Hemi '73 Dodge Challenger.

In 2011, he starred as the protagonist, Hector, in the TV adaptation of Christos Tsiolkas' novel The Slap produced for ABC TV. Although he is Australian, this was LaPaglia's first appearance in an Australian production. Having lived abroad for many years, LaPaglia found it necessary to hire a dialect coach to recover his Australian accent. His second role in an Australian production was the title character of real-life crime boss Anthony "Rooster" Perish in Channel Nine's Underbelly: Badness, which was the fifth series of the true crime drama franchise. He starred in the 2014 movie The Reckoning alongside Luke Hemsworth.

Since 2016, he has been the host of Network 10's revival of Australian Survivor. In 2020, he was 'inducted' by the "Australian Survivor Archive" fansite into the "Inaugural Australian Survivor Hall of Fame". LaPaglia is also a sports enthusiast and model.

In October 2023, it was confirmed that he would be one of three hosts, alongside Beau Ryan and Blair Joscelyne, on a reboot of Top Gear Australia for Paramount Plus.

title: Jonathan LaPaglia


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Talk:The Scarlet Pimpernel

Parodies and media references
Some work has been put into this section over the past months. I suspect that it could be weeded down a bit, but lets discuss here what items, if any, ought to be deleted. -- Ssilvers (talk) 17:54, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, going by WP:ENC, almost all of it. A source proving that something existed doesn't prove that it's worth mentioning in an encyclopedia article, and the stuff without sources has no excuse. On top of that, the version that's on there includes just about every trivia mention any person off the street could think up but specifically does not mention a successful book adaption, which is one of the few notable things there. Hell, even some of the stuff I left technically isn't notable, but I was compromising. DreamGuy (talk) 18:08, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * And as far as your claim that there was no consensus, talk page comments above were very clear. DreamGuy (talk) 18:12, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * While I agree that the section could do with a bit of editing I do not think that the above discussion from one or two editors merits that the entire section should be deleted. Whittle it down a bit and make it more encyclopedic and keep it. If not, open it up for discussion among the wider community. Jack1956 (talk) 18:34, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I support the view of Jack1956. No need for peremptory edits without a properly broad consensus. Manners maketh man. Tim riley (talk) 18:50, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

I've now pruned some of the less notable references and have organized the section as follows: Films, TV, stage, literature and games. If you think any of it should be deleted, please explain, with respect to each item, why you think it is not encyclopedic, and we'll see if we can reach a consensus. But these all seem to be substantial references in notable works, not just passing mentions. All of it is either referenced or blue-linked. -- Ssilvers (talk) 04:34, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

The Court Jester

 * The well-known and highly-regarded 1955 musical comedy The Court Jester with Danny Kaye seems to have several elements which parody the Scarlet Pimpernel. To wit: one of the characters named The Black Fox (played by Edward Ashley), a Robin Hood-type character who leads a band of rebels in the forest in support of the true infant-king. The identity of the infant-king is recognized by the "purple pimpernel" birthmark on his derriere.

 * Perhaps this is too tangential to be mentioned in the article, but, not knowing what a pimpernel is, I always found this reference to be strange and confusing. Perhaps it could also be mentioned in the Court Jester article. —Ziusudra (talk) 14:07, 18 June 2016 (UTC)

Radio Series
The article doesn't mention the 1950-53 Scarlet Pimpernel radio series. See --Dfrankchat (talk) 21:34, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
 * WP:SOFIXIT Spanglej (talk) 01:10, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Article could do with a section on Reception or Reviews by critics
Article is interesting. Many opinions are expressed about it (most think . . . ) without citation. It is usual to have a section titled Reviews or Literary Significance, with reviews of the novel, the first one at original publication, and later reviews if such books have been written. Reviews would focus on the first novel, which is the main subject of the article. Has anyone searched for reviews from initial publication? Or a source to back up the statement that the Scarlet Pimpernel inspired Batman's character? That seems a stretch to me. --Prairieplant (talk) 17:20, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I started the Literary significance section. The sentence from the lead is moved into that section, and then I found a book by Sally Dugan that is all about The Scarlet Pimpernel and the enduring popularity, for one quote from a critical reviewer. I hope others can find more reviews with citations. The Characters section should list those in this first novel. I would put a case for taking the sections about the series of book and making a new article about the series. This is common for novels in series (examples, Brother Cadfael -- Cadfael Chronicles, the several novel series by Bernard Cornwell, the Aubrey-Maturin series. Like this series, there is an article for each novel as well. --Prairieplant (talk) 20:33, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on The Scarlet Pimpernel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20081229120212/http://www.libraryjournal.com:80/article/CA479161.html to http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA479161.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070926212411/http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/20thcentury/81-11baez-speech.html to http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/20thcentury/81-11baez-speech.html

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 20:44, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

Non-spoiler lead
This is an encyclopedia. Our synopses should be explicit, not vague generalities in the name of avoiding spoilers. Awien (talk) 23:53, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Play or novel? Contradictory date information!
Is this article about the novel or the play? The disambiguation page Scarlet Pimpernel (disambiguation) indicates that this article is about both. But the first sentence of this article is clearly about the novel, mentioning the play as a related item. The entire lede focuses on the novel: thus the second paragraph says "The novel is set during the Reign of Terror." Was the play also set in the Reign of Terror? We are never told the answer to that. The lede summarizes the plot of the novel, but says nothing about the plot of the play. Then the lede mentions that the play was very successful in London, but says nothing about whether the novel sold well.

When did the play premiere? The first paragraph says 1903. The third paragraph seems to imply 1905. The disambiguation page says 1903. Having read the body of the article, I think I have figured out the answer: The play opened in Nottingham in 1903 and failed, then opened in London in January 1905 and succeeded, and went on for a long run, and then the novel was written. Is this true? The lede claims that Orczy wrote the novel "was written after her stage play of the same title enjoyed a long run in London"? Did Orczy really wait until the London run was over before she began to write the novel? Is there a source for that?

The lede can summarize information and leave out things that the body of the article explains. But the lede shouldn't be misleading (no pun intended). As it stands, paragraph 2 describes the novel, and then paragraph 3 says that the play opened in London in 1905 -- even though (apparently) the latter happened before the novel was written. — Lawrence King ( talk ) 22:47, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Scarlet Pimpernel


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User:Supreme Moolah of Iran

No actually I am a studying in Chile and writing a thesis on Colonia Dignidad...it is certainly not BS. Cheers

title: User:Supreme Moolah of Iran


text:
Talk:The Philosophy of Composition

Removed text
I removed the following sentence: Others find that Poe's uncanny formulations and readings of his own poetry call into question the very nature of truth and our ability to comprehend the creative process. I thought it was too vague and hyperbolic. P. Riis 15:54, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Philosophy of Composition


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Cosmo Innes

Cosmo Nelson Innes FRSE (9 September 1798 – 31 July 1874) was a Scottish advocate, judge, historian and antiquary. He served as Advocate-Depute, Sheriff of Elginshire, and Principal Clerk of Session.

He was a skilled decipherer of ancient Scottish records and helped to compile, edit and index Acts of the Scottish Parliament 1124–1707. He was said to be tall, handsome but shy. He was accused of being a Catholic sympathiser whilst it remained illegal, and joined the Scottish Episcopal Church, closer in some practices to the Catholic Church. Dean Ramsay, head of the Episcopal Church, was one of his friends.

Life
Born in Durris House to Euphemia Russell and John Innes of Leuchars WS. His middle name, Nelson, is almost certainly to mark Horatio Nelson's then recent victory at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798. Thirteen of his 14 siblings died, only he and his sister Elizabeth survived. His friends included Alexander Forbes Irvine (1818–1892), whose career closely paralleled his own.

He was educated at Edinburgh High School, then at the University of Edinburgh under Professor James Pillans. He then undertook further studies at the universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow, and at Balliol College, Oxford (1817–1820) graduating with a BA 1820. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1822, and was appointed Professor of Constitutional Law and History at the University of Edinburgh in 1846.

In the 1830s he lived in Allan Ramsay's former house, Ramsay Lodge, at the top of the Royal Mile (later absorbed into Ramsay Gardens). He had offices with his brother, Thomas Innes, at 51 North Castle Street in the New Town.

From 1840 to 1852 he was Sheriff of Moray during which time he had to deal with protesters angry at the continued export of grain from their district after the potato crop on which they relied heavily was lost to blight. On Wednesday 27 January 1847, Innes and his special constables were repulsed by a mob after they attempted to arrest the leaders of the protesters who had unloaded oatmeal from the cargo vessel James and Bessie in Burghead harbour and returned it to the grain-merchant's granary. The Sheriff and his party were obliged to retreat to Elgin and call for military assistance. Innes resigned from his post as Sheriff in 1852 to succeed Thomas Thomson in the role of Principal Clerk of Session in the Scottish Court of Session.

In 1843 he became a member of the Edinburgh Calotype Club one of the world's first photographic societies. He was also a member of the Spalding Club, Maitland Club and Bannatyne Club.

In 1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Scotland. His proposer was James Thomson Gibson-Craig. He served as the Society's Vice-President 1862–69.

In later life Innes lived in Inverleith House in northern Edinburgh. The house still exists and is in the grounds of Edinburgh's Royal Botanic Garden. The Garden was formed from Innes' former garden grounds.

He died unexpectedly on 31 July 1874 at Killin while on a "Highland Tour". He was buried on 5 August at Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh. The grave lies on the east side of the main west path, just beyond the large Celtic cross to Horatio McCulloch. Given that Innes was one of the richest persons in Edinburgh, the gravestone is exceptionally modest.

Works
He was the author of Memoir of Thomas Thomson, Advocate (1854), Scotland in the Middle Ages (1860), Sketches of Early Scottish History (1861), Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities (1872) and Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character (1875, co-written with Dean Ramsay)). He also edited many historical manuscripts for the Bannatyne Club and other antiquarian clubs. He also frequently wrote for the Quarterly Review and North British Review.

Photographic works include "A Tour: The Coast of Spain" (an album of 1857); Midcalder Church (1856); Dunrobin Castle (1856); and Elgin Cathedral (1856).

Family
In 1826 Innes married Isabella Rose, daughter of Hugh Rose of Kilravock. They had nine children: four daughters and five sons.

 * Katherine Innes (1824-1898) married historian John Hill Burton in 1855. Her children included engineer W. K. Burton, the artist Mary Rose Hill Burton and the chemist Professor Cosmo Innes Burton FCS FRSE.
 * Euphemia Innes died of scarlet fever.
 * John Innes (1829-1853) died in India whilst serving in the army.
 * Hugh Rose Innes (1832-1868) served in China. He died of rheumatism in his parents' arms.
 * Francis Jeffrey Innes, Lieutenant of the Bombay Staff Corps and Adjutant of the 4th Cavalry, Hyderabad, died in India in 1867.
 * James Innes (1834-), colonial administrator. He married the author Emily Innes.
 * Cosmo Innes (1842-1887) engineer who was involved in the construction of the railways in India.
 * Margaret Isabella Innes (1843-1929) married Captain Forbes Mackay.
 * Mary Innes (1846-1911) married Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain.

From 1836 he and his wife were appointed the formal guardian of their niece, Isabella Grant, whose parents had died in India. In 1844, her uncle Captain Alexander Grant, brother of her father Patrick, challenged the guardianship, however the court found the challenge inappropriate as her home was wholly appropriate and was the will of her father.

title: Cosmo Innes


text:
Toivo Mikael Kivimäki

Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (5 June 1886 – 6 May 1968), (J.D.), was a Finnish politician of the National Progressive Party who served as the head of the department of civil law at Helsinki University 1931–1956, Prime Minister of Finland 1932–1936, and Finland's Envoy to Berlin 1940–1944.

Early career
He was elected as member of the Parliament for terms 1922, 1924-1927 and 1929–1940. Before prime ministership, Kivimäki served as Minister of the Interior 1928-1929 and Minister of Justice 1931–1932.

After WWII
In 1946, Kivimäki together with half-a-dozen other leading politicians were put on "war-responsibility trials" executed under pressure from the Allied victors in World War II. Kivimäki was sentenced to five years in prison after being found responsible for the Continuation War. After Finland signed the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947, and the Finno–Soviet Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, 1948, the international situation was deemed somewhat stabilized, and Kivimäki was pardoned. He returned to his career in academia.

Legacy
As with all politicians connected with the Continuation War, Kivimäki was for decades seen in a somewhat critical light. During the era of finlandization, many prominent Finns expressed themselves cautiously on such subjects in order not to disturb sensitive Allied victors of the war; a cautiousness that without doubt influenced Finland's post-war generation's understanding and views.

 * As Prime Minister, Kivimäki headed Finland's (until 1987) most long-lived cabinet, aiming at stabilizing the turbulent politics in Finland after the semi-fascist Mäntsälä Rebellion had been put down.
 * He achieved the reversal of Finland's foreign policy into a neutralist pro-Scandinavian stance, and a Swedish rapprochement, that may well have been prepared for in the most initiated circles, but that in the contemporary tense phase of the language strife in Finland was not at all easy to explain to the public opinion.
 * As an Envoy to the Third Reich, Kivimäki was in a position to observe the anti-Semitic nature of the Nazi regime and the disappearance of German Jews to concentration camps. Kivimäki succeeded in reversing Nazi Germany's anti-Finnish stance, obtaining support and favours but at the price of Finland having to form an alliance with Hitler. Finland avoided formal treaties with Nazi Germany up until the Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement, which was signed after the fall of Viipuri in June 1944.

Several individuals and factors were critical for the Winter War and the Continuation War. Kivimäki without any doubt occupies a prominent position among pro-Axis Finnish leaders.

Cabinets

 * Kivimäki Cabinet

title: Toivo Mikael Kivimäki


text:
OXO (video game)

OXO is a video game developed by A S Douglas in 1952 which simulates a game of noughts and crosses (tic-tac-toe). It was one of the first games developed in the early history of video games. Douglas programmed the game as part of a thesis on human-computer interaction at the University of Cambridge.

The program was written for the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). EDSAC was one of the first stored-program computers, with memory that could be read from or written to, and had three small cathode ray tube screens to display the state of the memory; Douglas re-purposed one screen to demonstrate portraying other information to the user, such as the state of a noughts and crosses game. After the game served its purpose, it was discarded on the original hardware but later successfully reconstructed.

OXO, along with a draughts game by Christopher Strachey completed around the same time, is one of the earliest known games to display visuals on an electronic screen. Under some definitions, it thus may qualify as the first video game, though other definitions exclude it due to its lack of moving or real-time updating graphics.

History
The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) mainframe computer was built in the University of Cambridge's Mathematical Laboratory between 1946 and 6 May 1949, when it ran its first program, and remained in use until 11 July 1958. The EDSAC was one of the first stored-program computers, with memory that could be read from or written to, and filled an entire room; it included three 35×16 dot matrix cathode ray tubes (CRTs) to graphically display the state of the computer's memory. As a part of a thesis on human-computer interaction, Sandy Douglas, a doctoral candidate in mathematics at the university, used one of these screens to portray other information to the user; he chose to do so via displaying the current state of a game.

Douglas used the EDSAC to simulate a game of noughts and crosses, and display the state of the game on the screen. Like other early video games, after serving Douglas's purpose, the game was discarded. Douglas did not give the game a name beyond "noughts and crosses"; the name OXO first appeared as the name of the simulation file created by computer historian Martin Campbell-Kelly while creating a simulation of the EDSAC several decades later. Around the same time that OXO was completed, Christopher Strachey expanded a draughts program he had originally written in 1951 and ported it to the Ferranti Mark 1, which showed the state of the game on a CRT display. OXO and Strachey's draughts program are the earliest known games to display visuals on an electronic screen, though it is unclear which of the two games was displayed first. As it ran on a computing device and used a graphical display, OXO is considered under some definitions to be a contender for the first video game, though under others it does not due to its lack of moving graphics or graphics which update continuously.

Interaction
Each game was played by one user against an artificially intelligent opponent, which could play a "perfect" game. The player entered their input using a rotary telephone controller, selecting which of the nine squares on the board they wished to move next. Their move would appear on the screen, and then the computer's move would follow; the game display only updated when the game state changed. OXO was not available to the general public and could only be played in the University of Cambridge's Mathematical Laboratory by special permission, as the EDSAC could not be moved, and both the computer and the game were only intended for academic research purposes.

title: OXO (video game)


text:
William Jones of Nayland

William Jones (30 July 1726 – 6 January 1800), known as William Jones of Nayland, was a British clergyman and author.

Life
He was born at Lowick, Northamptonshire, but was descended from an old Welsh family. One of his ancestors was Colonel John Jones, brother-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was educated at Charterhouse School and University College, Oxford. There a taste for music, as well as a similarity of character, led to his close intimacy with George Horne, later bishop of Norwich, whom he induced to study Hutchinsonian doctrines.

After obtaining his bachelor's degree at University College, Oxford in 1749, Jones held various preferments (Vicar of Bethersden, Kent (1764); Rector of Pluckley, Kent (1765)). In 1777 he obtained the perpetual curacy of Nayland, Suffolk, and on Horne's appointment to Norwich became his chaplain, afterwards writing his life. His vicarage became the centre of a High Church coterie, and Jones himself was a link between the non-jurors and the Oxford Movement. He could write intelligibly on abstruse topics.

Works
In 1756 Jones published his tract The Catholic Doctrine of a Trinity, a statement of the doctrine from the Hutchinsonian point of view, with a summary of biblical proofs. This was followed in 1762 by an Essay on the First Principles of Natural Philosophy, in which he maintained the theories of Hutchinson in opposition to those of Isaac Newton, and in 1781 he dealt with the same subject in Physiological Disquisitions. Jones was also the originator of the British Critic (May 1793). Eighteenth century high churchmen were more concerned with ecclesiology than with the sacraments. The status of Anglican ministry was crucial to high church ecclesiology. The ground of the Anglican ministry was trinitarian orthodoxy and this doctrine was reasserted by high churchmen against Arians, Deists and Socinians. Jones's "A Full Answer to the Essay on Spirit" (London 1753), co-authored with George Horne, responded to Robert Clayton's Arian work of three years earlier and sharpened the trinitarian controversy according to Jones himself.

In the 1790s he and William Stevens launched the Society for the Reformation of Principles. Jones wrote loyalist tracts and argued that the French Revolution was a manifestation of the Antichrist. His ideas were perpetuated after his death by successive reprints of his works and helped influence the 19th century conservative tradition in both Church and State.

His collected works, with a life by William Stevens, appeared in 1801, in 12 vols., and were condensed into 6 vols in 1810. A life of Jones, forming pt. 5 of the Biography of English Divines, was published in 1849. He published a hymn to the words of John Milton, the seventeenth century puritanical republican, 'The Lord will come and not be slow.'

title: William Jones of Nayland


text:
User:Charles Matthews/red links, poets

To John Heath-Stubbs:

Vivian Ridler - Richard Goodman - Frederick Grubb - Elsie J. Oxenham - Guillaume du Bartas - Thomas Darbyshire - Henry Garnett - V .B. Turnbull - Bishop Challoner - Henry Foley - A. W. - Walter Davison - Mrs. Greville - Mary, Countess of Pembroke - Bockh - George Dunbar - W. H. Cresson - Emile Duclaux - Giles Fletcher - Henry Willoughby - John Wheelwright - Stefan Schimanski - Alan Rook - Harry Brown - Robert Greacen - Andrew Barrow - Douglas Newton - Derek Stanford - George Scurfield - Peter Riley - Raymond Garlick - John Waller - J. C. Hall - W. G. Archer  - Patricia Avis  - Thomas Blackburn  - George Bruce - Hilary Corke  - Maurice James Craig - Paul Dehn  - Iain Fletcher - Robert Garioch - John Holloway - Peter Johnson - Rob Lyle - George MacBeth - Mairi MacInnes - Ewart Milne - Richard Murphy - Kathleen Nott  - Philip Oakes  - Jonathan Price - Alan Ross - Tom Scott  - John Short   - Constantine Trypanis - Gordon Wharton  - Sheila Wingfield  - Diana Witherby  - David Wright (poet) - Thomas Beddoes - Theodore Wratislaw - Frank Eyre - Michael Juste - Hamish MacLaren - Mary Francis McHugh - Tristram Rainey - Charles Sutherland Elton - Giovanni Pascoli - Drummond Allison  - Eurasia Anderson  - William Bell - Maurice Carpenter - Yorke Crompton  - N. K. Cruikshank - John Fairfax - John Gibbs - F. Pratt Green - Glyn Jones - I. R. Orton  - Michael Paffard - Walter Roberts - Joseph Rykwert - John Smith - J. Ormond Thomas  - W. Price Turner - Gordon Wharton - Margaret Willy - Bramwell Bronte - Ernée Clark - Aubrey de Vere - Aglen Dowty - Sebastian Evans - Jack Fireblood  - John Christopher Fitzachary - Benjamin Hardacre - Richard Hengist Horne - G. W. Hunt - James Hurnard - E. Lysaght - Francis Mahony  - William Caldwell Roscoe  - Charles Tennyson-Turner - Peter Avery Ruth Fainlight - Gerda Mayer - A. C. Jacobs - Jonathan Treitel - Bernard Kops

 * H. B. Mallalieu - Herbert Blythe Mallalieu 1914-1988

title: User:Charles Matthews/red links, poets


text:
Springtown

Springtown may refer to:

 * in Canada
 * Springtown, Ontario

 * in Northern Ireland
 * Springtown Camp, a former housing area near Derry City, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland
 * Springtown, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland

 * in the United States
 * Springtown, Arkansas
 * Springtown, California
 * Springtown, Indiana
 * Springtown, New Jersey in Cumberland County
 * Springtown, Warren County, New Jersey
 * Springtown Stagecoach Inn, listed on the NRHP in Warren County, New Jersey
 * Springtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
 * Springtown Historic District
 * Springtown, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
 * Springtown, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, a place in Pennsylvania
 * Springtown, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, a place in Pennsylvania
 * Springtown, Texas
 * Springtown Independent School District

title: Springtown


text:
File:HookeFlea02.jpg

Colourized picture of Robert Hooke's drawing of a flea in his Micrographia.

See also: Image:HookeFlea01.jpg original version in B/W.

Source: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/uploads//jpg/flea.jpg

All modifications also in the Public Domain.

title: File:HookeFlea02.jpg


text:
Far West, Missouri

Far West was a settlement of the Latter Day Saint movement in Caldwell County, Missouri, United States, during the late 1830s. It is recognized as a historic site by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, added to the register in 1970. It is owned and maintained by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Foundation and early history
The town was founded by Missouri leaders of the church, W. W. Phelps and John Whitmer in August 1836 shortly before the county's creation. The town was platted originally as a 1 mi square area, centered on a public square which was to house a temple. The design of the town resembled the plan of Joseph Smith Jr. (the first modern-day prophet of the Latter Day Saint Movement) for the City of Zion, which had been planned to be built in the town of Independence, Missouri. As the town of Far West grew, the plat was extended to 4 sqmi.

Early Latter-day Saints began to settle in northwestern Missouri soon after the church was organized in 1830. According to a revelation given by Joseph Smith Jr., Independence would be the "centerplace" of the City of Zion when Jesus returned. However, disputes between early members of the church and Missourian settlers in Independence led to the expulsion of the early members of the church from Jackson County in 1833. Most temporarily settled in Clay County, Missouri. Towards the end of 1836, Caldwell County was created specifically for a settlement of members of the church to compensate property losses in Jackson County. Shortly after the creation of Caldwell County, Far West was made the county seat.

Far West became the headquarters of the church in early 1838 when Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon relocated to the town from the previous church headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio. Joseph Smith taught that the Garden of Eden had been in Jackson County and when Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden, they moved to the area now comprising Caldwell and Daviess Counties, Missouri. While headquartered in Far West, the official name of the church was changed to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, after previously being known as the Church of Christ from 1830 to 1834 and as the Church of the Latter Day Saints, and variations of that name, since 1834.

Missourian conflict of 1838
New problems erupted when members of the church began to settle in the counties surrounding Caldwell, including De Witt in Carroll County and Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County. Fear that the growing number of Saints would outnumber the local citizens, and misunderstandings regarding the doctrine, purposes, and practices of the church, created a series of escalating conflicts, and the Governor of Missouri eventually called out 2,500 state militiamen to put down what he alleged to be a "Mormon rebellion." He also issued an extermination order to rid the state of the church. Terrified, members of the church poured into Far West for protection and found themselves under siege. Joseph Smith Jr., Sidney Rigdon, and others surrendered at the end of October 1838, hoping to alleviate the persecution on the main church body of members, but were put on trial by the state for treason on trumped up false charges. The main body of the church was then forced illegally to sign over their property in Far West and Caldwell County to pay for the militia muster and then leave the state. The main body later settled in Nauvoo, Illinois.

Aftermath and Far West today
Far West became a ghost town soon after the departure of most of the church population. The county seat was moved to Kingston, Missouri and many of the log houses in Far West were relocated. John Whitmer continued to live in the nearly empty town, where he owned a large farm.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased the temple site and some of the surrounding area in 1909. Since then, Far West has been maintained as a historic site. It is located 7 mi south of U.S. Route 36 on Missouri Route D. The site includes the cornerstones of the planned temple, each encased in glass, and a monument to the early settlers that was dedicated in 1968. The church also honors the Far West legacy in the name of a ward located in Cameron and, since 2015, a stake centered in Gallatin.

Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, has a congregation that meets in Far West, across the street from the historic site.

In 2004 construction began on a historic village adjacent to the temple site. It is operated by the Far West Historical Society to accommodate and increase tourism. The Country Store has been in operation since 2006.

In May 2012, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints confirmed that it purchased 6000 acre of Missouri farmland and three historical sites from Community of Christ, including land around Far West.

title: Far West, Missouri


text:
Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola

The province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola (provincia del Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, ) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. It was created in 1992 through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the province of Novara. The area flanking the western shore of Verbano (or Lago Maggiore) forms the eastern part of the province; Cusio (or Lago d’Orta) and its environs form the southern part; while the north and west of the province consist of the Ossola, a region of Alpine mountains and valleys. The ISO code for the province is VB.

The province has a total population of some 160,000, distributed over an area of 2255 km2, with the biggest population centres being its capital Verbania on the shores of Lago Maggiore, Domodossola the main town of the Ossola, and Omegna at the northern end of Lago d’Orta.

Municipal subdivisions
There are 74 comuni (: comune) in the province. The largest by population are:

UNESCO Sacred Mountains
In 2003, the Sacred Mountain of Domodossola and the Sacred Mountain of Ghiffa were inserted by UNESCO in the World Heritage List.

Cuisine
Common in the whole Insubria area are bruscitti, originating from Alto Milanese, which consist in a braised meat dish cut very thin and cooked in wine and fennel seeds, historically obtained by stripping leftover meat.

Demographics
The top eight countries of origin of the inhabitants of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola with foreign citizenship at 31 December 2010 were:
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: 1724
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco: 1402
 * 🇷🇴 Romania: 1233
 * 🇦🇱 Albania: 770
 * 🇨🇳 China: 737
 * 🇸🇳 Senegal: 429
 * 🇩🇪 Germany: 315
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland: 219

title: Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola


text:
Spruce Valley

Spruce Valley may refer to:
 * Spruce Valley, Alberta
 * Spruce Valley Township, Marshall County, Minnesota
 * Spruce Valley, West Virginia

title: Spruce Valley


text: User talk:80.58.42.44

title: User talk:80.58.42.44


text:
George Horne (bishop)

George Horne (1 November 1730 – 17 January 1792) was an English churchman, academic, writer, and university administrator.

Early years
Horne was born at Otham near Maidstone, in Kent, the eldest surviving son of the Reverend Samuel Horne (1693-1768), rector of the parish, and his wife Anne (1697-1787), youngest daughter of Bowyer Hendley. He attended Maidstone Grammar School alongside his cousin and lifelong friend William Stevens, son of his father's sister Margaret, and from there went in 1746 to University College, Oxford (BA 1749; MA 1752; DD 1764). Three contemporaries at the college were also friends for life: Charles Jenkinson later first Earl of Liverpool, William Jones of Nayland. and John Moore, later Archbishop of Canterbury. His two younger brothers were also Oxford graduates and clergymen, Samuel Horne (1733 – about 1772) becoming an Oxford academic while William Horne (1740 – 1821) succeeded their father as rector of Otham.

Academic career
In 1749 Horne became a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, of which college he was elected President on 27 January 1768. As an influential college head, he served as vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1776 until 1780. At the university, he fought against any relaxation of the law that required entrants to subscribe to the beliefs of the Church of England.

Ecclesiastical career
Ordained priest in 1753, from 1760 to 1764 he was curate of the Oxfordshire village of Horspath. Thereafter his religious duties were performed at Magdalen until 1771, when the prime minister Lord North appointed him to the Royal Household as chaplain in ordinary to King George III, a position he held until 1781. In that year, he was appointed Dean of Canterbury, combining the post with the presidency of Magdalen. An energetic dean, he promoted Sunday schools to inform the young and delivered influential sermons against Unitarianism. He was also an active supporter of the Naval and Military Bible Society, now the Naval Military & Air Force Bible Society, founded in 1779 to supply Christian literature to the armed services and seafarers.

In 1790, by then in ill health from which he never recovered, with some reluctance he accepted the bishopric of Norwich, resigning from Canterbury and, the next year, from Magdalen. Unable to accomplish much in his diocese or in the House of Lords, one achievement was to support the bishops of the Episcopalian Church of Scotland who in 1789 came to London to petition Parliament for relief from their legal disadvantages. In what became his final circular to his diocesan clergy, as the French Revolution challenged most of the values for which he stood, he remained adamant that 'true religion and true learning were never yet at variance'.

Intellectual influences
Through his preaching, journalism, correspondence and authorship of numerous works (some at the time anonymous), Horne actively defended the high church tendency in Anglicanism against Calvinism, the Church of England against other denominations, and Trinitarian Christianity against other beliefs. He had a reputation as a preacher, and his sermons were frequently reprinted. In his polemical pieces, some appearing in newspapers under the name of Nathaniel Freebody (a cousin who had died), he was influenced by the work of Charles Leslie Having early adopted some of the views of John Hutchinson, he wrote in his defence, though disagreeing with Hutchinson's fanciful interpretations of Hebrew etymology. He also fell under the imputation of Methodism, but protested from the university pulpit against those who took their theology from George Whitefield and John Wesley rather than major Anglican divines. Nevertheless, he disapproved of the expulsion of six Methodist students from St Edmund Hall, Oxford, a high-profile event of 1768 in Oxford; and later, when bishop, thought Wesley should not be forbidden to preach in his diocese.

Though impressed by the earlier writings of William Law, he later complained that he saw him 'falling from the heaven of Christianity into the sink and complication of Paganism, Quakerism, and Socinianism, mixed up with chemistry and astrology by a possessed cobbler.' In this 'sink', he included the views of Emanuel Swedenborg and Jacob Boehme. Despite criticising the plan of Benjamin Kennicott and some of his colleagues to collate a new text of the Hebrew Bible from manuscripts, in order to prepare for a new translation into English, the two became friends. He was also friendly with Samuel Johnson who with James Boswell came to tea at Magdalen, where they discussed producing a new edition of the Lives by Izaak Walton, and Boswell later wrote warmly of Horne's character and abilities. Though he enjoyed reading Edward Gibbon and admired his scholarship, he recorded his distaste for Gibbon's continual belittling of the Jewish and Christian tradition.

His lifelong emphasis on revealed religion rather than natural religion and his acceptance of what would become high church beliefs formed an important link between the nonjurors of the seventeenth century and the Oxford Movement of the nineteenth.

Writings
Among his publications were:
 * The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis 1751, a satirical pamphlet.
 * (With William Jones) A full answer to the Essay on Spirit by Bishop R. Clayton, with a particular explanation of the Hermetic, Pythagorean, and Platonic Trinities, 1752. Against the views of Robert Clayton.
 * A Fair, Candid, and Impartial Statement of the Case between Sir Isaac Newton and Mr. Hutchinson (anon.) 1753.
 * An Apology for certain Gentlemen in the University of Oxford, aspersed in a late anonymous pamphlet 1756. The anonymous pamphlet was called 'A Word to the Hutchinsonians'.
 * Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law, and, with very few varieties, to the Readers of Baron Swedenborg 1758, to which was added A Letter to a Lady on the subject of Jacob Behmen's Writings.
 * A View of Mr. Kennicott's Method of Correcting the Hebrew Text 1760.
 * Considerations on the Life and Death of St. John the Baptist 1769, an expansion of a sermon preached by him on St. John the Baptist's day 1755, from the open-air pulpit in the quadrangle of Magdalen College.
 * Commentary on the Psalms, 1771. His best known work, the 'Commentary' is partly exegetical and partly devotional, proceeding on the principle that most of the Psalms are more or less Messianic, and cannot be properly understood except in those terms. Richard Mant transferred Horne's preface almost verbatim to his annotated Book of Common Prayer. Hannah More, another of Horne's friends, admired it.
 * A Letter to Dr. Adam Smith (anon), 1777. An attack on Adam Smith's life of David Hume, attempting to refute Hume's contempt for Christian belief.
 * Letters on Infidelity 1784, addressed to his cousin William Stevens. In addition to his bête noire David Hume, these attacked other Enlightenment rationalists such as Voltaire and d'Alembert.
 * A Key to the Book of Psalms (1785)

He intended writing a ‘'Defence of the Divinity of Christ'’ against Joseph Priestley, but did not live to do that. Horne's collected Works were published with a Memoir by William Jones in 1799.

Family
On 22 June 1768, he married Felicia Elizabetha (1741–1821), only child of lawyer and legal author Philip Burton and his wife Felicia, daughter of Ralph Whitfield. They had three daughters: Felicia Elizabetha (1770–1829) who in 1791 married the Reverend Robert Hele Selby Hele; Maria (1773–1852) unmarried; and Sarah (1775–1853), a pupil of Hannah More, who in 1796 married the Reverend Humphrey Aram Hole.

Aged 62, he died at Bath, Somerset on 17 January 1792 and was interred in his father-in-law's vault at Eltham.

title: George Horne (bishop)