text:
John Gaffney

John H. Gaffney (June 29, 1855 – August 8, 1913), nicknamed the "King of Umpires" and "Honest John" was an American umpire and manager in Major League Baseball. He was baseball's first great umpire, and played a pioneering role in the use of multiple umpires in baseball games.

Biography
Born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, Gaffney's family moved to Worcester when he was 11. He began playing baseball as a third baseman, but his promising career was ended when he injured his arm throwing a snowball in 1880, reportedly just before being promoted to the National League. He became a printer, and started umpiring college games involving nearby Ivy League teams in 1883.

He joined the National League's umpiring staff in August 1884, with his first game being an 11-inning, 1–0 game between the two teams battling for first place, Providence and Boston. He quickly gained wide respect as a top officiator, and as the league's best judge of balls and strikes. In the middle of his third season, his knowledge of the game was so highly regarded that he was offered the managing position of the Washington Nationals, and he took over the team on August 21, 1886. The team, mired in last place, finished the last third of the season without improving its position; but Gaffney continued in the post for the entire 1887 campaign, with a slight improvement to 7th place. He finished his managing career with 61 wins against 101 losses. He was much-liked by the players, and while he was traveling during the 1887 world championship series, his players – including catcher Connie Mack and future umpiring great Hank O'Day – boarded his train during a Washington stopover and surprised him with the gift of a diamond ring in appreciation of his efforts.

Into the 1880s, baseball had always been played with the use of a single umpire, but by late in the decade it was becoming apparent that this was an unsatisfactory arrangement for the most important games. The 1886 World's Championship Series had witnessed a two-game experiment in which each team selected an umpire – both positioned behind the catcher – with a third official, called a referee, positioned behind the pitcher and able to move about the bases. However, the referee was only permitted to make calls when the two umpires either disagreed or requested his decision; this system was deemed a failure by all observers. The following year, Gaffney was selected by the NL as one of the two umpires to work the 1887 series, along with Kick Kelly, who was regarded as the best umpire in the American Association from 1883 to 1886 before managing that league's Louisville team in 1887. The two worked out a system whereby one umpire would work behind home plate, calling balls and strikes, while the other positioned himself in the field to make calls on the bases. This format was a decided success, and although it was not until almost 1910 that two umpires per game became standard, it formed the basis for the multiple umpire systems which followed. Gaffney later umpired in the 1888 and 1889 championship series, and again for three games in the 1892 NL championship series, for a total of 37 postseason games – a 19th-century record.

After the 1887 series, Gaffney and Kelly both returned to umpiring, although they switched leagues in the process – Kelly moved to the NL for the 1888 season, while Gaffney switched to the American Association for 1888–89, where he received a salary of $2,500 plus road expenses, making him easily the best-paid umpire. In the American Association, Gaffney pioneered the practice of moving from behind the catcher to behind the pitcher when a batter reached first base, a crucial move in the days of solitary umpires. He made other innovations, including calling balls fair or foul depending on where they cleared the fence rather than where they landed, and creating a shirt in which extra baseballs could be stored. After each season, he reported omissions and inadequacies in the rules to the league, and many of his suggested revisions were enacted.

Mack, who was a rookie catcher for Gaffney's 1887 team and later caught for 5 years in which Gaffney umpired, described him as the perfect umpire; umpiring legend Bill Klem noted that he was the first to be widely called "King of Umpires".

Gaffney moved to the Players' League for its sole season in 1890 before returning to the NL in September 1891. The stress of 19th century umpiring, when players and fans demonstrated tremendous abusiveness and hostility toward the lone umpires, began to take its toll, however, and Gaffney was released by the NL after the 1893 season due to his increasing drinking. After beginning 1894 in the Eastern League, he returned to the NL in mid-season, but his alcohol abuse continued and he was again let go. He umpired in the Eastern League again from 1895 to 1897 before coming back to the NL in 1899–1900, joining Tom Lynch in becoming one of only two men to umpire in 12 major league seasons in the 19th century.

He umpired college games near Worcester after 1900, and later moved to New York City, where he worked as a night watchman.

Gaffney died in poverty at age 58 in New York City. Following his death, Mack arranged a benefit game in Worcester between his Philadelphia Athletics and the Boston Red Sox, played on October 5, 1916, to pay for a monument for Gaffney's grave. In 1946, Gaffney was included in the Honor Rolls of Baseball.

Quotes

 * "I have studied the rules thoroughly. I keep my eyes wide open, and I follow the ball with all possible dispatch. With the players I try to keep as even tempered as I can, always speaking to them gentlemanly yet firmly. I dislike to fine, and in all my experience have not inflicted more than $300 in fines, and I never found it necessary to order a player from the field. Pleasant words to players in passion will work far better than fines." – as quoted in The Sporting News, April 25, 1891
 * "He was perfect. He would follow a ball all the way from the pitcher, and when he made his decision, he would say, 'That was one-eighth of an inch outside' – or 'That was one-eighth of an inch too low,' and he was right. There has never been another umpire like him." – Connie Mack, in The Sporting News, April 8, 1943

title: John Gaffney


text:
Talk:Fort Bliss

Contributions
Sorry I couldn't contribute more, but i live in El Paso, so I will See what I can do about getting information on Fort Bliss. -Noname, 8-4-04

Metric units
I notice that the addition of metric units was reverted. Note that the Wikipedia Manual of Style says :
 * "If using American or Imperial units, give the metric equivalent as a courtesy."

I have put the metric units back. If anyone (e.g. Gary D if you are reading this), thinks that metric units should not be provided for other readers, then it might be an idea to discuss it at the Manual of Style. Trying to help. Bobblewik (talk) 23:33, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Armored unit move
I'm not sure where to include this in the article, but it was annouced a few weeks ago that the army would be transferring an armored unit to Fort Bliss sometime in the next year or two. It will bring an addition 6,000 troops to the base, which will have a drastic effect on El Paso's economy. TomStar81

Base Realignment and Closure
According to KVIA ABC-7 News (El Paso, TX), Fort Bliss is slated to gain just over 11,000 troops if the proposed Base Realignment and Closure model is approved by President George W. Bush. Fort Bliss would lose its Air Defense Artillery units (mostly Patriot Missile equipment) and the Air Defense Artillery School, which would be moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma. TomStar81 05:13, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * AND IT JUST KEEPS GETTING BETTER!!!!!!!! The army has upped the number of people it will send to Fort Bliss under a new a plan, which would bring the total number of troops coming into Fort Bliss from 11,500 to 20,000!! AWESOME!!!!! TomStar81 04:58, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * yea, but as a soldier stations at Fort Bliss, I have to add that we will be getting a new brigade that will do test & eval. If your MOS is 14 series, you can now escape Texas. 11B's will now know the pleasure-yea that's it of El Paso.....  On a serious note.. where is the Article on WBAMC?  On Tobin Wells?  11th brigade is staying, 1-1 is in Japan, 31st is moving to Fort Sill.  Anybody read the Monitor? 72.178.14.93 07:41, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Occasionally, when I scoot over to WBAMC, I will see if I can find the Moniter to scope out base news. What I am interested in mostly is the upgunned base security measures, which seem to increase everytime I look around. I was also checking for info on the bomb scare a few weeks back, that shook me up. TomStar81 (Talk) 00:24, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

MOVED AS REQUESTED PER CONSENSUS -GTBacchus(talk) 16:45, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Fort Bliss, Texas → Fort Bliss – Unto my experience that United States Army has nevered used "Fort, X, Y" as a way of naming a base, its has always just been "Fort X". To that end I would like the article transfered back to its original page, both to reflect on the correct name of the base and to help bring the article in line the other US Fort articles here on Wikipedia

Survey

 * Nominate and Support TomStar81 03:57, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Support--Nobunaga24 05:13, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Support name is unambiguous. The "Texas" is unnecessary. --Polaron | Talk 05:15, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Support After all there is no Fort Bliss, Arizona or Fort Bliss, Florida or any other Fort Bliss. So Texas is unnecessary. Encyclopaedia Editing Dude 08:05, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Support It's a military base. The demographics can be put in a section called "Fort Bliss, Texas", or spun off to a separate page. —wwoods 20:49, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
While this is a military installation, it is also a census-designated place so it falls under the city naming guidelines. You are probably going to get a lot of opposition saying that using "Fort Bliss" alone, while unambiguous is against the guideline. Good luck in your efforts though. --Polaron | Talk 05:09, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, I brought this up in the Military Hostory wikiproject because it is outside what would be considered the correct name. In lew of this I may ask that we (by which I mean the military history wikiproject) adopt our own naming conventions for these instalations. TomStar81 07:16, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The solution is to have a separate article for the census-designated place, which should be called Fort Bliss, Texas (and make clear whether the CDP includes anything outside the fort). This will be a stub, and probably will always be a stub. Septentrionalis 18:13, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * A seperate article is probably not needed; a section would be fine. Even though they are census designated places, military bases are a little bit different in that 1) 100% of the population is temporary - between two different census, it's almost guaranteed the population has turned over completely. 2) The population of the CDP grows/shrinks only according to how much Congress/DoD permits (i.e. base expansion/base closure, moving units) 3) "residents" of military posts retain their residency in their home state - you may be stationed at Fort Bliss, but if you are from New York, you pay New York tax, have a New York driver's license, New York license plates, etc etc. I think maintaining two seperate articles would be overly complicated, and might lead to linking to the wrong one. I doubt too many people who are going to search for a military post will be looking for the CDP specifically.--Nobunaga24 22:29, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Section names
WP:MOS indicates that re-use of article names in names of individual sections is to be avoided. Several sections commence with Fort Bliss or Base which is redundant (eg, Base Closure... could simply be Closure )Garrie 03:15, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Base Closure and Realignemnt is a proper noun, refer to a specific process; therefore I do not think it apropriete to reduce the name (although abreviating it as BRAC would be exceptable). TomStar81 (Talk) 10:02, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Introduction
Consider moving some paragraphs from the introductory section to a new section - /*Location*/ or /*Geography*/ perhaps (the second would allow discussion of the geography of the base which significantly impacts on any millitary planning of activities conducted at that location)Garrie 03:17, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

The Replica
The Replica of old Fort Bliss was constructed after the 100th anniversary of the post. I propose adding pictures of the replica, which sits next to the Parade Ground, in a gallery section. It serves as a museum of the post and has itself existed for 50 years. Is this proposal OK with other editors? --Ancheta Wis (talk) 12:13, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Polo field
Here is a photo of the polo field at Fort Bliss. I wanted to convey the solidity and sound construction of the 1890s buildings. To the right of the image are officer's quarters, to the left of the image are NCO quarters; Pershing Drive is the street in the foreground. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 10:07, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

German Air Force Air Defense Center
I wonder if it is of interest to include the German Air Force Air Defense Center at Fort Bliss. Germany leases the land from the US, in a similar manner as the US does in Germany. The center serves as the Command for all German forces in the US and Canada. Physically, the buildings are next to the Buffalo Soldier memorial on post. Adjacent, there is also an El Paso Deutschschule (El Paso German elementary school) and a church with Lutheran-style steeple. High-school-age students attend school in Germany. Each September, the German personnel sponsor an Oktoberfest, the proceeds benefiting charities of El Paso and Juàrez. The German families are also staunch supporters of the arts and music of El Paso.

Each November, the WWII German POWs are memorialized by the German personnel. Fort Bliss National Cemetery holds the remains for soldiers of other nationalities who died on post. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 12:07, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

CDP
I separated the redirect from Talk:Fort Bliss, Texas to its own discussion page because the afd for Fort Bliss, Texas was getting stuffed onto this talk page. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 22:59, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Doniphan sentence needs work; Schools table needs work
The following sentence is misleading: "In 1846, Colonel Alexander Doniphan led 1st Regiment of Missouri mounted volunteers through El Paso del Norte enroute to victories at the Battle of El Brazito and the Battle of the Sacramento." It implies that the Battle of El Brazito occurred after going thru El Paso. But Las Cruces is north of El Paso.

The Chapin entry is misleading; Chapin is definitely on government property, and Bliss Elementary is also on post; thus the notation about the web pages not mentioning this fact is not germane. This is a case of some things being true without being mentioned on a web page. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 11:59, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Added a citation for Chapin High, Colin Powell, Bliss, Milam and Logan as EPISD schools which are built on federal property. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 01:04, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

Beautiful picture
I just wanted to comment on the beautiful picture that posted directly next to the "Fort Bliss Today" section.

Strategic location on the Mexican frontier
I have found a citation for William Tecumseh Sherman's 1882 recommendation of Fort Bliss over Fort Selden. (Sherman was Commanding General of the United States Army, 8 March 1869 - 1 November 1883.) Anyone who has visited Fort Selden recently knows that its adobe buildings have crumbled back into desert; this could have been the fate of Fort Bliss, since Sheridan favored Fort Selden. However, the Indian Wars were just over, and Fort Selden was no longer a hot spot. In Sherman's words (1882) after a visit to El Paso, "For a hundred years we have been sweeping across the continent with a skirmish line, building a post here, and another there, to be abandoned the next year for another line, and so on. Now that we are across [the continent] and have railroads everywhere, the whole problem is changed." After the railroads had entered El Paso in 1881, and 5 trunk rail lines converged on El Paso, El Paso was then the most important location on the Mexican frontier, according to General John Schofield's 1890 testimony to Congress. -- Perry D. Jamieson (1993), A survey history of Fort Bliss (1890-1940), p.11 of 74. History has borne out Sherman's judgement. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 20:23, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

The War on Terror
"Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, Fort Bliss has provided ADA Battalions for US and NATO use in Afghanistan and Iraq". Is this really true? The boys from Texas where in the middle east on the 11th? Sources please. 173.184.19.18 (talk) 09:52, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you; copyedited this section. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 13:16, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

The article is outdated, in that the Air Defense School has basically moved to Fort Sill. Even the German Air Force has graduated its last class in Air Defense, is moving to Fort Sill as well, and is giving the last cohort operational training at its Fort Bliss location.

A huge building project in East Fort Bliss is in the midst of construction, the formerly deserted area between the airport and the Hueco Mountains, on what will be one of the most modern facilities in the Army. William Beaumont Army Medical Center is also affected. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 13:25, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

Housing Areas
I notice that there is absolutely no reference to base housing areas. I'd like to add this info to the article, but where to place it is the question. Under demographics, or in a sidebar box like the schools? Any ideas? I also have a few great pics of lower Logan that I shot on my trip back there last year... Edit Centric (talk) 00:10, 15 January 2011 (UTC)
 * A sidebar or separate section would work because First Armored Division might also be treated in a uniform, analogous way. Fort Bliss appears to be a forward-looking test bed for all the new ideas about the Army, such as the desalination plant, the Army Evaluation Task Force and 5th Brigade Combat Team of the First Armored Division, the civilian-sponsored USOs, the Warrior Transition Battalions, the Family Readiness Groups, the Post Runs (it would be great to have a picture of one), the Freedom Crossing update to the PX and so forth. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 00:34, 15 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, I was thinking of some kind of encyclopedic prose, something to the effect of "Fort Bliss provides several housing areas...", or "Service members with families are served by several on and off-post housing areas..." I'm still toying around with the wording, but I already have source material waiting in the wings. Edit Centric (talk) 05:22, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Fort Bliss shooting be merged into Fort Bliss. I think that the content in the Fort Bliss shooting article can easily be explained in the context of Fort Bliss, and the Fort Bliss article is of a reasonable size in which the merging of Fort Bliss shooting will not cause any problems as far as article size or undue weight is concerned. Deatonjr (talk) 06:36, 4 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Under what section might the shooting incident lie? --Ancheta Wis (talk) 10:33, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

U.S. Liberation of Afghanistan ???
The author is obviously having a laugh. Should be U.S. invasion of Afghanistan (and that's putting it mildly). It's also doubtful if the September 11 "attacks" were anything more than an excuse for plans in place long before. 94.21.69.227 (talk) 10:06, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

InterWiki
Is it wrong? This article in English is about military but other ones in other languages are about city. Alphama (talk) 05:42, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Do you have an example which talks about the CDP instead of the military installation? --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 07:09, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

Fort Bliss, New Mexico.
True, Fort Bliss's military reservation currently lies in two states, New Mexico and Texas. But in the encyclopedia, there are sentences which imply that Fort Bliss has been in Texas since its founding. However, the War department order which authorizes Fort Bliss (centenary stamp celebrating Nov 1848) would have been for The Post opposite El Paso (meaning across the river from Juarez, which was not renamed until 1888), in the territory of New Mexico. It was not until the Compromise of 1850 that Texas would have been named as the location of Fort Bliss. Before that, the Mexican Cession (1848), the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb 2, 1848), and the Gadsden Purchase (1852) were the relevant events. To illustrate this, there was a time (1836), before gold was discovered in California, when the Nueces River, not the Rio Grande, was the mooted border between Texas and Mexico.

El Paso, Juarez, and the rest of New Mexico have an intertwined history. The first bridge joining El Paso and Juarez was built in the eighteenth century from wood coming (likely by oxcart) from Santa Fe, NM.

The railroads have had a strategic impact on American military history, because General Sherman's 1882 re-appraisal of El Paso as the single most strategic location on the southwestern border of the US, trumping his previous selection of Fort Selden, which was the favored location before El Paso, before the end of the Indian wars. This is already in the citations. Sherman's 1884 estimate of the manpower needed to hold the territory of the United States remains remarkably similar to the current manpower estimates needed by the Army's management today.(Jamieson 1993, p.2) By 1890, General Schofield would recommend El Paso and Fort Bliss as the location of a permanent post.

I propose crafting a sentence for the NM location. That is, Fort Bliss & El Paso's location was strategic before El Paso was in Texas. --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 03:38, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

CDP
The acronym CDP appeared twice in the article, after being defined near the top. The two usages were very far from the definition, one in a photo caption, and one in the text. I converted them both back to "census designated place" because many readers may not remember what it means, and in the photo gallery for the article there is no possibility of seeing the definition. Nick Beeson (talk) 13:00, 4 August 2016 (UTC)

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Burning of the colors
This note on 2nd_Engineer_Battalion_(United_States) is for nonmilitary readers; it commemorates a unit's history as a reminder for the troops who serve today, in the same manner as a staff ride. It's not just historical, but also tactical. --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 04:18, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

The Military education and training function afforded the Brigade Combat Teams on their periodic deployments to the Combatant Commands in EUCOM, INDOPACOM, as well as CENTCOM serves to train the coalition partners (of NATO, for example) as well. --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 04:36, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Fort Bliss would love to see updated information on current missions
Hello. I'm an Army public affairs professional at Fort Bliss, Texas. We have a wealth of updated information on our missions and makeup at https://home.army.mil/bliss/application/files/4516/0528/6412/fact-book-2021.pdf and we'd love to see what this great community does with it in terms of updating Fort_Bliss. Fortblisssocialmedia (talk) 16:53, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * After Fort Bliss Monitor/Bugle ceased publication we don't see any news. I personally avoid Facebook. How abour reinstating a weekly news feed like the Monitor or Bugle? --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 18:07, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * We had a good run. https://kvia.com/news/military/2019/10/31/the-bugle-newspaper-shuts-down-at-fort-bliss-after-nearly-80-years. We hear you about Facebook. Thank you for being a reader! Fortblisssocialmedia (talk) 19:59, 27 April 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Fort Bliss


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emre Özbay

Emre Özbay
D\Non-notable, even in Turkey. Mikkalai 02:01, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless more information can be provided to show notability. --Slowking Man 07:34, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:00, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity at0 02:16, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Percy Folio

The Percy Folio is a folio book of English ballads used by Thomas Percy to compile his Reliques of Ancient Poetry. Although the manuscript itself was compiled in the 17th century, some of its material goes back well into the 12th century. It was the most important of the source documents used by Francis James Child for his 1883 collection The English and Scottish Popular Ballads.

The manuscript
Those who owned the manuscript before Percy did not treat it well; its owners had probably regarded its Middle English and border dialect as incomprehensible and worthless. When Percy first came across the manuscript, in the house of its former owner Sir Humphrey Pitt of Shifnal, pages were being used by his housemaids to start fires. Percy had the manuscript bound, and the bookbinder inflicted additional damage in trimming the edges of the sheets, losing first or last lines on many pages. Percy did not treat the manuscript particularly well himself; he wrote notes and comments in it and tore out some pages after binding.

The original folio is in the British Library, known as Additional MS. 27879. In its present form the manuscript consists of some 520 paper pages, containing 195 individual items. The works were transcribed in the middle decades of the 17th century. The handwriting in the manuscript appears to be the same throughout and bears some similarity with that of Thomas Blount but it cannot be determined for certain if he originally collected the work. The loose leaves that comprise the manuscript are now individually mounted and covered with gauze.

Contents
In addition to the ballads culled and compiled by Percy and Child, the folio contains an alliterative poem in Middle English entitled Death and Liffe and Scottish Feilde, which is a poem on the Battle of Flodden. The manuscript contains ballads, for the most part, but also metrical romances such as Sir Degaré and The Squire of Low Degree. There are several Arthurian texts, including King Arthur and King Cornwall, Sir Lancelott of Dulake, The Marriage of Sir Gawain, Merline, The Carle of Carlisle, The Greene Knight, The Boy and the Mantle and The Turke and Gowin. The last three narratives are entirely unknown outside the Percy Folio. The manuscript also preserves eight Robin Hood ballads: "Robin Hood's Death," "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne," "Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar," "Robin Hood and the Butcher," "The Jolly Pinder of Wakefield," "Little John a Begging," "Robin Hood Rescuing Three Squires," and "Robin Hood and Queen Katherine."

Reception and significance
Percy published several pieces from the manuscript, many of which were "repaired" or frankly rewritten, especially in his Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, but did not allow fellow historians access to the original manuscript during his lifetime.

Percy's book was the constant companion of Gottfried August Bürger, a childhood hero of Novalis, one of the chief influences of George MacDonald, whom C.S. Lewis considered his master. And thus the manuscript, through Percy's book had a direct line of influence on Lewis's works.

Despite its losses, the Percy Folio ranks alongside the Exeter Book, the Pearl Manuscript, and the Cotton library's monstrarum librarum of the Beowulf manuscript as one of the most important documents in English poetry. A full edition of the folio's contents was not published until 1867, with a supplement of "loose and humorous" songs the following year.

title: Percy Folio


text:
Up the Down Staircase

Up the Down Staircase is a novel written by Bel Kaufman, published on January 27, 1965, which spent 64 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 1967 it was released as a film starring Sandy Dennis, Patrick Bedford, Ruth White, Jean Stapleton and Eileen Heckart.

Plot
Sylvia Barrett, an idealistic English teacher at an inner city high school, hopes to nurture her students' interest in classic literature (especially Chaucer and writing). She quickly becomes discouraged during her first year of teaching, frustrated by bureaucracy, the indifference of her students, and the incompetence of many of her colleagues. The title of the book is taken from a memo telling her why a student was being punished: he had gone "up the down staircase". She decides to leave the public school (government-funded) system to work in a smaller private setting. She changes her mind, though, when she realizes that she has, indeed, touched the lives of her students.

The novel is epistolary; aside from opening and closing chapters consisting entirely of dialogue the story is told through memos from the office, fragments of notes dropped in the trash can, essays handed in to be graded, lesson plans, suggestions dropped in the class suggestion box, and most often by inter-classroom notes that are a dialogue between Sylvia and an older teacher. Sylvia also writes letters to a friend from college who chose to get married and start a family rather than pursuing a career. The letters serve as a recap and summary of key events in the book, and offer a portrait of women's roles and responsibilities in American society in the mid-1960s.

An inter-classroom note in which the older teacher, Bea Schachter, is translating the jargon of the memos from the office includes the memorable epigram Let it be a challenge to you' means you're stuck with it." Calling a trash can a circular file comes from the same memo: Keep on file in numerical order' means throw in waste-basket." Another, "It has come to my attention" means "You're in trouble."

Adaptations
The novel has been adapted to film and the stage. Tad Mosel wrote the screenplay for the 1967 film version starring Sandy Dennis as Sylvia Barrett. The play is frequently performed in high school drama classes. The film version was parodied in Mad magazine as "In the Out Exit" in regular issue #118, April 1968. Up the Down Staircase title was parodied by the South Park episode "Up the Down Steroid". The title of Porcupine Tree's 1993 album Up The Downstair is an homage to the novel.

title: Up the Down Staircase


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VirtualMachineSyndrome

VirtualMachineSyndrome
Joke. Mikkalai 02:06, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke. Andrewa 03:06, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:00, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * It's a copyvio of the slashdot posts referenced. As it's so stupid, I say we just leave it here so it'll be deleted faster. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:09, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
George Gale (congressman)

George Gale (June 3, 1756 – January 2, 1815) was an American politician and the first representative of the fifth congressional district of Maryland.

Gale was born in Somerset County in the Province of Maryland in 1756. He attended public school and served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. When Maryland convened its convention to ratify the United States Constitution in 1788, Gale was a member. He was then elected to the First United States Congress as a member of the House of Representatives. He served from 1789 to 1791, when George Washington appointed him supervisor of distilled liquors for the district of Maryland.

Gale died in Cecil County, Maryland in 1815. He is buried in what was formerly the Gale family cemetery. It is now on the grounds of St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Perryville, MD.

His son, Levin Gale, later followed in George's footsteps and became a U.S. Representative.

title: George Gale (congressman)


text:
Talk:Barney Google and Snuffy Smith

"Was"?
King Features is under the impression that they're still producing it. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:08, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

King Features vs the Google Search Engine
Was there ever an arrangement between the two companies? 4.235.66.213 02:44, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

According to the company itself, "Google" comes from a misspelling of "Googol", which is short for 1 x 10^100 (1 followed by 100 zeroes). It makes sense, since it's a search engine that returns a high number of results; even before I read about it I suspected that this was the origin, although I never understood why they spelled it "GoogLE" insteaad of "GoogOL".

Piotr

Error in dates ?
The article states that the comic strip began in 1919, but near the end of the article, we find that, "Sometime between 1901 and 1906, an artist chiseling grotesques on the walls....". Is this a mistake?

- Rfreedman

Unsourced info removed
I (at least tentatively) removed this paragraph: "The strip was not the inspiration for the name of the popular Google search engine (which was so labeled after the similar word googol). However, when the mathematician and Columbia University professor Edward Kasner was told in the late 1930s to devise a name for a very large number, he asked his nine-year-old nephew, Milton Sirotta, if he had any suggestions. The youth then spoke the name of the comic strip when it was at a peak of popularity, and Kasner introduced the word 'Googol' in his book, Mathematics and the Imagination (1940). Milton Sirotta died in 1981." It's unsourced, and contradicts the article Googol, which claims (with a source) that the term was coined by Hardik Upadhyay, not by Kasner or a nephew of his. Anyone have any info backing this up? -Elmer Clark (talk) 07:01, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Merge?
A request has been made to merge Snuffy Smith here, although nothing was put in the discussion. You can find the origin on a blog here (scroll down a little to Snuffy Smith). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.51.68.54 (talk) 15:51, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

USS Pueblo
Any use in cross-referring to the USS Pueblo (AGER-2) incident? Bucher mentions Barney Google as a high-ranking military official in charge of espionage against DPRK in his "confession" speech (retracted by the US immediately after the crew's release), which amusingly mocks the North Koreans. Beck13 (talk) 13:14, 18 September 2012 (UTC)

In the season-finale to the HBO cable series BOARDWALK EMPIRE (broadcast Dec. 2, 2012), the principal villain becomes giddy with his humiliating defeat and begins singing the Barney Google song, and one of his henchmen kills him on the spot.Sussmanbern (talk) 13:00, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Snuffy's description is out of date.
The section describing the character, Snuffy Smith, is out of date. Most notably, he no longer makes moonshine. SlowJog (talk)

title: Talk:Barney Google and Snuffy Smith


text:
William Giles

William Giles and Bill Giles may refer to:
 * Bill Giles (American football) (1932–1998), head football coach at Chadron State College Fort Hays State University
 * Bill Giles (baseball) (William Yale Giles, born 1934), longtime Philadelphia Phillies executive and part owner
 * Bill Giles (meteorologist) (William George Giles, born 1939), meteorologist and television presenter
 * William Giles (colonial manager) (1791–1862), CEO of the South Australia Company, 1841–1860, and member of the South Australian colonial legislature
 * William Giles (Oz), fictional character on HBO's prison drama Oz, played by Austin Pendleton
 * William B. "Buck" Giles (1903–1985), American baseball player
 * William Branch Giles (1762–1830), American statesman
 * William Fell Giles (1807–1879), U.S. Representative from Maryland
 * William Henry Giles Kingston (1814–1880), writer of tales for boys
 * William L. Giles (1911–1997), president of Mississippi State University, 1966–1976

title: William Giles


text: Category:Libyan people

title: Category:Libyan people


text:
Death Note

Death Note (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. It was serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 2003 to May 2006, with its chapters collected in 12  volumes. The story follows Light Yagami, a genius high school student who discovers a mysterious notebook: the "Death Note", which belonged to the Ryuk, and grants the user the supernatural ability to kill anyone whose name is written in its pages. The series centers around Light's subsequent attempts to use the Death Note to carry out a worldwide massacre of individuals whom he deems immoral and to create a crime-free society, using the alias of a god-like vigilante named "Kira", and the subsequent efforts of an elite Japanese police task force, led by enigmatic detective L, to apprehend him.

A 37-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Madhouse and directed by Tetsurō Araki, was broadcast on Nippon Television from October 2006 to June 2007. A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was also released in 2006. Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS. The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan in June, November 2006, and February 2008, and a television drama in 2015. A miniseries titled Death Note: New Generation and a fourth film were released in 2016. An American film adaptation was released exclusively on Netflix in August 2017, and a series is reportedly in the works.

Death Note media, except for video games and soundtracks, is licensed and released in North America by Viz Media. The episodes from the anime first appeared in North America as downloadable from IGN before Viz Media licensed it. The series was aired on YTV's Bionix programming block in Canada and on Adult Swim in the United States with a DVD release following. The live-action films briefly played in certain North American theaters, in 2008, before receiving home video releases. By April 2015, the Death Note manga had over 30 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series.

Plot
In Tokyo, a disaffected high school student named Light Yagami finds the "Death Note", a mysterious black notebook with rules that can end anyone's life in seconds as long as the writer knows both the target's true name and face. Light uses the notebook to kill high-profile criminals and is visited by Ryuk, a "shinigami" and the Death Note's previous owner. Ryuk, invisible to anyone who has not touched the notebook, reveals that he dropped the notebook into the human world out of boredom and is amused by Light's actions.

Global media suggest that a single mastermind is responsible for the mysterious murders and name them "Kira" (キラ). Interpol requests the assistance of the enigmatic detective L to assist in their investigation. L tricks Light into revealing that he is in the Kanto region of Japan by manipulating him to kill a decoy. Light vows to kill L, whom he views as obstructing his plans. L deduces that Kira has inside knowledge of the Japanese police investigation, led by Light's father, Soichiro Yagami. L assigns a team of FBI agents to monitor the families of those connected with the investigation and designates Light as the prime suspect. Light graduates from high school to college. L recruits Light into the Kira Task Force.

Actress-model Misa Amane obtains a second Death Note from a named Rem and makes a deal for  eyes, which reveal the names of anyone whose face she sees, at the cost of half her remaining lifespan. Seeking to have Light become her boyfriend, Misa uncovers Light's identity as the original Kira. Light uses her love for him to his advantage, intending to use Misa's eyes to discern L's true name. L deduces that Misa is likely the second Kira and detains her. Rem threatens to kill Light if he does not find a way to save Misa. Light arranges a scheme in which he and Misa temporarily lose their memories of the Death Note, and has Rem pass the Death Note to Kyosuke Higuchi of the Yotsuba Group.

With memories of the Death Note erased, Light joins the investigation and, together with L, deduces Higuchi's identity and arrests him. Light regains his memories and uses the Death Note to kill Higuchi, regaining possession of the book. After restoring Misa's memories, Light instructs her to begin killing as Kira, causing L to cast suspicion on Misa. Rem realizes Light's plan to have Misa sacrifice herself to kill L. After Rem kills L, she disintegrates and Light obtains her Death Note. The task force agrees to have Light operate as the new L. The investigation stalls but crime rates continue to drop.

Four years later, cults worshipping Kira have risen. L's potential successors are introduced: Near and Mello. Mello joins the mafia whilst Near joins forces with the US government. Mello kidnaps Director Takimura, who is killed by Light. Mello kidnaps Light's sister and exchanges her for the Death Note, using it to kill almost all of Near's team. A Shinigami named Sidoh goes to Earth to reclaim his notebook and ends up meeting and helping Mello. Light uses the notebook to find Mello's hideout, but Soichiro is killed in the mission. Mello and Near exchange information and Mello kidnaps Mogi and gives him to Near. Kira's supporters attack Near's group, but they escape. Shuichi Aizawa, one of the task force members, becomes suspicious of Light and meets with Near. As suspicion falls again on Misa, Light passes Misa's Death Note to Teru Mikami, a fervent Kira supporter, and appoints newscaster Kiyomi Takada as Kira's public spokesperson. Near has Mikami followed whilst Aizawa's suspicions are confirmed. Realizing that Takada is connected to Kira, Mello kidnaps her. Takada kills Mello but is killed by Light. Near arranges a meeting between Light and the current Kira Task Force members. Light tries to have Mikami kill Near as well as all the task force members, but Mikami's Death Note fails to work, having been replaced with a decoy. Near proves Light is Kira discovering Mikami had not written down Light's name. Light is wounded in a scuffle and begs Ryuk to write the names of everyone present. Ryuk instead writes down Light's name in his Death Note, as he had promised to do the day they met, and Light dies.

One year later, the world has returned to normal and the Kira Taskforce Members are conflicted over whether they made the right decision. Meanwhile, cults continue to worship Kira.

C-Kira (one-shot sequel)
Three years later, Near, now functioning as the new L, receives word that a new Kira has appeared. Hearing that the new Kira is randomly killing people, Near concludes that the new Kira is an attention-seeker and denounces the new Kira as "boring" and not worth catching. A named Midora approaches Ryuk and gives him an apple from the human realm, in a bet to see if a random human could become the new Kira, but Midora loses the bet when the human writes his own name in the Death Note after hearing Near's announcement. Ryuk tells Midora that no human would ever surpass Light as the new Kira.

a-Kira (one-shot sequel)
Another ten years later, Ryuk returns to Earth and gives the Death Note to Minoru Tanaka, the top-scoring student in Japan, hoping that he will follow in Light Yagami's footsteps. On explaining the rules to Minoru, Ryuk is surprised when he returns the notebook and tells him to return it and his memory of their encounter to him in two years' time. Two years later, on receiving the notebook back from Ryuk, Minoru reveals he has no plans to use it himself but rather he plans to auction it off to the governments of the world, with Ryuk's help sending his offer out as "a-Kira", having waited two years until he was old enough to have a bank account to allow his plan to work. Elsewhere, Near (as L) is revealed to be developing technology meant to track and eventually find a method of destroying Shinigami, although it is not yet advanced enough to be useful. After selling the Death Note to U.S. President Donald Trump for a sum that would ensure every Japanese citizen under the age of 60 would be financially set for life, Minoru relinquishes his ownership and memory of his plan to Ryuk, assuring his own anonymity, while Trump is left unable to use the Death Note after the King of Death creates a new rule disallowing the Death Note to be sold, and he secretly returns it to Ryuk. Minoru collapses to the ground in the bank after withdrawing his savings. It is revealed that Ryuk wrote his name in the Death Note next to Light's. He longs for a human who will use the notebook for a longer period of time.

Development
The Death Note concept derived from a rather general concept involving Shinigami and "specific rules". Author Tsugumi Ohba wanted to create a suspense series because the genre had some suspense series available to the public. After the publication of the pilot chapter, the series was not expected to receive approval as a serialized comic. Learning that Death Note had received approval and that Takeshi Obata would create the artwork, Ohba said, they "couldn't even believe it". Due to positive reactions, Death Note became a serialized manga series.

"Thumbnails" incorporating dialogue, panel layout and basic drawings were created, reviewed by an editor and sent to Takeshi Obata, the illustrator, with the script finalized and the panel layout "mostly done". Obata then determined the expressions and "camera angles" and created the final artwork. Ohba concentrated on the tempo and the amount of dialogue, making the text as concise as possible. Ohba commented that "reading too much exposition" would be tiring and would negatively affect the atmosphere and "air of suspense". The illustrator had significant artistic licence to interpret basic descriptions, such as "abandoned building", as well as the design of the Death Notes themselves.

When Ohba was deciding on the plot, they visualized the panels while relaxing on their bed, drinking tea, or walking around their house. Often the original draft was too long and needed to be refined to finalize the desired "tempo" and "flow". The writer remarked on their preference for reading the previous "two or four" chapters carefully to ensure consistency in the story.

The typical weekly production schedule consisted of five days of creating and thinking and one day using a pencil to insert dialogue into rough drafts; after this point, the writer faxed any initial drafts to the editor. The illustrator's weekly production schedule involved one day with the thumbnails, layout, and pencils and one day with additional penciling and inking. Obata's assistants usually worked for four days and Obata spent one day to finish the artwork. Obata said that when he took a few extra days to color the pages, this "messed with the schedule". In contrast, the writer took three or four days to create a chapter on some occasions, while on others they took a month. Obata said that his schedule remained consistent except when he had to create color pages.

Ohba and Obata rarely met in person during the creation of the serialized manga; instead, the two met with the editor. The first time they met in person was at an editorial party in January 2004. Obata said that, despite the intrigue, he did not ask his editor about Ohba's plot developments as he anticipated the new thumbnails every week. The two did not discuss the final chapters with one another and continued talking only with the editor. Ohba said that when they asked the editor if Obata had "said anything" about the story and plot, the editor responded: "No, nothing".

Ohba claims that the series ended more or less in the manner that they intended for it to end; they considered the idea of L defeating Light Yagami with Light dying but instead chose to use the "Yellow Box Warehouse" ending. According to Ohba, the details had been set "from the beginning". The writer wanted an ongoing plot line instead of an episodic series because Death Note was serialized and its focus was intended to be on a cast with a series of events triggered by the Death Note. 13: How to Read states that the humorous aspects of Death Note originated from Ohba's "enjoyment of humorous stories".

When Ohba was asked, during an interview, whether the series was meant to be about enjoying the plot twists and psychological warfare, Ohba responded by saying that this concept was the reason why they were "very happy" to place the story in Weekly Shōnen Jump.

The notebooks
The core plot device of the story is the "Death Note" itself, a black notebook with instructions (known as "Rules of the Death Note") written on the inside. When used correctly, it allows anyone to commit a murder, knowing only the victim's name and face. According to the director of the live-action films, Shusuke Kaneko, "The idea of spirits living in words is an ancient Japanese concept.... In a way, it's a very Japanese story".

Artist Takeshi Obata originally thought of the books as "Something you would automatically think was a Death Note". Deciding that this design would be cumbersome, he instead opted for a more accessible college notebook. Death Notes were originally conceived as changing based on time and location, resembling scrolls in ancient Japan, or the Old Testament in medieval Europe. However, this idea was never used.

Themes
Writer Tsugumi Ohba had no particular themes in mind for Death Note. When pushed, he suggested: "Humans will all eventually die, so let's give it our all while we're alive". In a 2012 paper, author Jolyon Baraka Thomas characterised Death Note as a psychological thriller released in the wake of the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack, saying that it examines the human tendency to express itself through "horrific" cults.

Pilot chapter
The Death Note process began when Ohba brought thumbnails for two concept ideas to Shueisha; Ohba said that the Death Note pilot, one of the concepts, was "received well" by editors and attained positive reactions from readers. Ohba described keeping the story of the pilot to one chapter as "very difficult", declaring that it took over a month to begin writing the chapter. He added that the story had to revive the killed characters with the Death Eraser and that he "didn't really care" for that plot device.

Obata said that he wanted to draw the story after he heard of a "horror story featuring ". According to Obata, when he first received the rough draft created by Ohba, he "didn't really get it" at first, and he wanted to work on the project due to the presence of and because the work "was dark". He also said he wondered about the progression of the plot as he read the thumbnails, and if Jump readers would enjoy reading the comic. Obata said that while there is little action and the main character "doesn't really drive the plot", he enjoyed the atmosphere of the story. He stated that he drew the pilot chapter so that it would appeal to himself.

Ohba brought the rough draft of the pilot chapter to the editorial department. Obata came into the picture at a later point to create the artwork. They did not meet in person while creating the pilot chapter. Ohba said that the editor told him he did not need to meet with Obata to discuss the pilot; Ohba said "I think it worked out all right".

Anime adaptation
Tetsurō Araki, the director, said that he wished to convey aspects that "made the series interesting" instead of simply "focusing on morals or the concept of justice". Toshiki Inoue, the series organizer, agreed with Araki and added that, in anime adaptations, there is a lot of importance in highlighting the aspects that are "interesting in the original". He concluded that Light's presence was "the most compelling" aspect; therefore the adaptation chronicles Light's "thoughts and actions as much as possible". Inoue noted that to best incorporate the manga's plot into the anime, he "tweak[ed] the chronology a bit" and incorporated flashbacks that appear after the openings of the episodes; he said this revealed the desired tensions. Araki said that, because in an anime the viewer cannot "turn back pages" in the manner that a manga reader can, the anime staff ensured that the show clarified details. Inoue added that the staff did not want to get involved with every single detail, so the staff selected elements to emphasize. Due to the complexity of the original manga, he described the process as "definitely delicate and a great challenge". Inoue admitted that he placed more instructions and notes in the script than usual. Araki added that because of the importance of otherwise trivial details, this commentary became crucial to the development of the series.

Araki said that when he discovered the Death Note anime project, he "literally begged" to join the production team; when he joined he insisted that Inoue should write the scripts. Inoue added that, because he enjoyed reading the manga, he wished to use his effort.

Manga
Death Note, written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata, was serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 1, 2003, to May 15, 2006. The series' 108 chapters were collected into twelve volumes by Shueisha, released from April 2, 2004, to July 4, 2006. A one-shot chapter, titled "C-Kira" (Cキラ編) ("Death Note: Special One-Shot"), was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump on February 9, 2008. Set two years after the manga's epilogue, it sees the introduction of a new Kira and the reactions of the main characters in response to the copycat's appearance. Several Death Note yonkoma (four-panel comics) appeared in Akamaru Jump. The yonkoma was written to be humorous. The Akamaru Jump issues that printed the comics include 2004 Spring, 2004 Summer, 2005 Winter, and 2005 Spring. In addition Weekly Shōnen Jump Gag Special 2005 included some Death Note yonkoma in a Jump Heroes Super 4-Panel Competition. Shueisha re-released the series in seven volumes from March 18 to August 19, 2014. On October 4, 2016, all 12 original manga volumes and the February 2008 one-shot were released in a single All-in-One Edition, consisting of 2,400 pages in a single book.

In April 2005, Viz Media announced that they had licensed the series for English release in North America. The twelve volumes were released from October 10, 2005, to July 3, 2007. The manga was re-released in a six-volume omnibus edition, dubbed "Black Edition". The volumes were released from December 28, 2010, to November 1, 2011. The All-in-One Edition was released in English on September 6, 2017, resulting in the February 2008 one-shot being released in English for the first time.

In addition, a guidebook for the manga was also released on October 13, 2006. It was named Death Note 13: How to Read and contained data relating to the series, including character profiles of almost every character that is named, creator interviews, behind the scenes info for the series and the pilot chapter that preceded Death Note. It also reprinted all of the yonkoma serialized in Akamaru Jump and the Weekly Shōnen Jump Gag Special 2005. Its first edition could be purchased with a Death Note-themed diorama which includes five finger puppets inspired by Near's toys. The five finger puppets are Kira, L, Misa, Mello, and Near. In North America, 13: How to Read was released on February 19, 2008.

In the June 2019 issue of Shueisha's Jump Square it was announced that a new one-shot chapter of Death Note would be published. Part of the complete manuscript debuted at the "30th Work Anniversary Takeshi Obata Exhibition: Never Complete" event which ran in Tokyo from July 13 to August 12, 2019. Titled "Death Note: Special One-Shot", the entire 87-page chapter was published in the March issue of Jump Square on February 4, 2020 and on Viz's website. A collected volume titled Death Note: Short Stories (DEATH NOTE短編集), which includes the February 2008 one-shot chapter, the "Special One-Shot" (re-titled "a-Kira" (aキラ編), the series' pilot chapter and the "L: The Wammy's House"/"L: One Day" one-shot chapters and more, was released on February 4, 2021.

Light novels
A light novel adaptation of the series has been written by Nisio Isin, called Death Note Another Note: The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases. The novel was released by Shueisha on August 1, 2006. It serves as a prequel to the manga series, with Mello narrating the story of L's first encounter with Naomi Misora during the Los Angeles "BB Serial Murder Case" mentioned in volume 2 of the manga. Besides Naomi's character, the novel focuses on how L works and one of the criminals L has to chase down. Insight was given into Watari's orphanage and how the whole system of geniuses such as L, Mello, Beyond Birthday, Matt and Near were put to work. Viz released the novel in English on February 19, 2008. The film L: Change the World was also adapted into a light novel with the same name on December 25, 2007, by "M", While the novel is similar to the film, there are many significant changes to the plot (for example, Near is not a Thai boy, but the same Near that appears in the manga). It also reveals more information about L and his past. Viz released it on October 20, 2009.

Anime
The Death Note anime, directed by Tetsurō Araki and animated by Madhouse, began airing on Nippon TV on October 4, 2006, and finished its run on June 27, 2007, totaling 37 episodes. The series aired on the network "every Tuesday at 0:56", which is effectively Wednesday. The series was co-produced by Madhouse, Nippon Television, Shueisha, D.N. Dream Partners and VAP. In North America, the series was licensed by Viz for residents in the United States to use "Download-to-Own" and "Download-to-Rent" services while it was still airing in Japan. This move was seen as "significant because it marked the first time a well known Japanese anime property was made legally available in the United States for domestic audiences to download while the title was still airing on Japanese television". The downloadable episodes contained the original Japanese audio track and English subtitles, and were made available through IGN's Windows-only Direct2Drive service. DVDs of the series have also been released, containing both an English dubbed audio track, produced by Ocean Productions, and the original Japanese audio track with optional English subtitles. Viz announced at Anime Expo 2007 that the first DVD was officially released on November 20, 2007, in both regular and special editions, and also confirmed at Comic-Con International 2007 that the first 15,000 copies of each DVD contain collectible figures.

Death Note was slated to make its North American television premiere in Canada, as part of YTV's Bionix programming block, on September 7, 2007. However, the show was removed from the schedule at the last minute and the Canadian premiere was pushed back to October 26, 2007, at 10:00 p.m. The series premiered in the U.S. on October 20, 2007, at 12:00 a.m. on Adult Swim and ran until January 10, 2010, when its contract expired. The last episode aired on YTV, July 4, 2008, and would later air on Adult Swim two days later. The show was removed from YTV's schedule on July 5, 2008, with its last airing being a rerun of the final episode at 1:30 a.m. ET. Soon after, Bionix became a 2-hour block on Saturday nights. The show also streamed online free on Adult Swim Video, with a new episode available every Saturday afternoon, on the day of its broadcast premiere. On July 26, 2017, Starz announced that they would be offering episodes of the series for their video on demand service starting on August 1 of that same year.

A two-hour animated Death Note Relight: Visions of a God (DEATH NOTE リライト·幻視する神) TV special aired on Nippon Television in Japan on August 31, 2007, at 8:00 p.m. It is a recap which takes place after the series end, where a approaches Ryuk in the  realm in order to learn more about the human world. Instead, Ryuk tells him of all the events leading up to the last story arc, about Light Yagami and his rival L. Originally, this special was advertised as a retelling told from Ryuk's point of view, but it does not give a different point of view from what was originally told. However, it contains updated dialog, as well as a few new scenes.

Nippon TV aired the Death Note: Relight: L's Successors (DEATH NOTE リライト2 Lを継ぐ者) special on August 22, 2008. Like the first special, this new compilation summarized a part of the 2006–2007 anime television series. Specifically, it recounted the final half of the suspenseful supernatural story, including the investigators Near and Mello's confrontations with the vigilante Kira. This version features more updates than the previous one, most notably omission of the mafia plot.

Soundtracks
Several soundtracks for the series have been released. The music from the anime was composed by Yoshihisa Hirano and Hideki Taniuchi, while the CDs were also published by VAP. The first one was Death Note Original Soundtrack, which was released in Japan on December 21, 2006. It contains music from the series with the first opening and ending themes are sung by the Japanese band Nightmare in the TV size format. Death Note Original Soundtrack II was first released in Japan on March 21, 2007. It features the new opening and closing themes by Maximum the Hormone in the TV size format. The third CD, Death Note Original Soundtrack III was released on June 27, 2007. Tracks 1–21 were composed and arranged by Taniuchi, while tracks 22–28 were composed and arranged by Hirano. The album features one track sung by Aya Hirano, who was also the Japanese voice actress of Misa Amane in the anime series. Also appearing on this soundtrack is the ending theme Coda〜Death Note, which can be heard at the end of the final episode of the anime as the credits are shown.

Several soundtracks have also been released for the live action films. Sound of Death Note is a soundtrack featuring music from the first Death Note film composed and arranged by Kenji Kawai. It was released on June 17, 2006, by VAP. Sound of Death Note the Last name is the soundtrack from the second Death Note film, Death Note the Last name. It was released on November 2, 2006. Death Note Tribute is a tribute album dedicated to the live action film Death Note. Published by BMG Japan on June 21, 2006, Japan, it contains 15 tracks performed by various artists, such as Shikao Suga, M-Flo, Buck-Tick, and Aya Matsuura. The soundtrack came with a cosplay Death Note notebook. Another tribute album is The Songs for Death Note the movie〜the Last name Tribute dedicated to the second film. Published by Sony Music Entertainment Japan on December 20, 2006, it contains 14 tracks performed by various artists, such as Orange Range, Abingdon Boys School, High and Mighty Color, Doping Panda, and Galneryus.

Live-action films
Death Note was adapted into a series of live-action films in 2006. The first two films were directed by Shusuke Kaneko and the third was directed by Hideo Nakata and produced by Nippon Television, CG production of all three films were done by Digital Frontier and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Japan. The first film, simply titled Death Note, premiered in Japan on June 17, 2006, and topped the Japanese box office for two weeks, pushing The Da Vinci Code into second place. The first film briefly played in certain North American theaters on May 20–21, 2008. The film was broadcast in Canadian theaters for one night only on September 15, 2008. The DVD was released on September 16, 2008, one day after the Canadian showing. The sequel, Death Note 2: The Last Name, premiered in Japan on November 3, 2006. It was featured in U.S. theaters in October 2008.

A spin-off from the films named L: Change the World was released in Japan on February 9, 2008. It is focused on the final 23 days of L's life, as he solves one final case involving a bio-terrorist group. Two dubbed versions of the film were shown in the United States on April 29 and 30, 2009. In August 2016, a three-part miniseries entitled Death Note: New Generation was announced as a part of the Death Note live-action film series and aired in September. It bridges the 10-year gap between the previous films and the then-upcoming 2016 film. A fourth Japanese Death Note film was released in 2016 and featured a cyber-terrorism setting with the inclusion of six Death Notes brought into the human world. An American adaptation was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017. The film was directed by Adam Wingard and was written by Charles Parlapanides, Vlas Parlapanides, and Jeremy Slater. It starred Nat Wolff, Lakeith Stanfield, Margaret Qualley, Shea Whigham, Paul Nakauchi, Jason Liles, and Willem Dafoe. A sequel film is reportedly in the works.

Live-action series
In April 2015, it was announced that a live-action television series based on Death Note manga would begin airing from July 2015 on Nippon TV. Masataka Kubota stars as Light Yagami and Kento Yamazaki as L in the series.

In July 2022, it was announced that the Duffer Brothers recently founded Upside Down Pictures production company would be producing a new live-action series adaptation for Netflix. In October 2022, it was announced that Halia Abdel-Meguid was brought on to write and executive produce the series.

Video games
A Death Note video game developed and published by Konami for the Nintendo DS, titled Death Note: Kira Game (デスノート キラゲーム), was released on February 15, 2007. Kira Game is a strategy game where the player takes on the role of Kira or L. These are just titles, as any character can be Kira or L. The player will attempt to deduce who their enemy is (Kira will try to uncover L's identity and vice versa). This will play out in three phases: investigation, where the player will discuss the case and clues with other characters; voting, where each member of the investigation team casts a vote on who they suspect is L or Kira based on the player's performance in the previous phase; L/Kira, where the player can either focus their investigation on one member to see if they are Kira (L part), or force a member off of the team (Kira part). A sequel to the game, Death Note: Successors to L (デスノート Lを継ぐ者), was released in Japan on July 12, 2007. The storyline is based on the second part of the manga, featuring characters such as Mello and Near.

A third game, L the Prologue to Death Note -Spiraling Trap- (L the proLogue to DEATH NOTE -螺旋の罠-), was released for the Nintendo DS in Japan on February 7, 2008. The player assumes the role of a rookie FBI agent who awakens in a strange hotel and attempts to escape with the help of L, who provides assistance via an in-game PDA. The story is set before the Kira investigation in the original series. Several characters from Death Note appear in Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars, a fighting game featuring multiple characters from Weekly Shōnen Jump titles. Light, Ryuk, and L appear in Jump Super Stars as support characters. Misa, Near, and Mello are added as support characters in Jump Ultimate Stars as well. The 2019 video game Jump Force features Light and Ryuk as non-playable characters, playing a key role in the game's story mode.

Musical
In 2015, a musical adaptation of the manga called Death Note: The Musical ran in both Japan and South Korea. It was originally composed in English by Broadway composer Frank Wildhorn, with lyrics by Jack Murphy and book by Ivan Menchell. An English production was announced in May 2023 to play at the London Palladium for two nights on August 21–22, 2023, directed by Nick Winston starring Joaquin Pedro Valdes as Light, Dean John-Wilson as L and Frances Mayli McCann as Misa. The original Japanese production, produced by Japanese talent agency, ran from 6 to April 29, 2015, and stars Kenji Urai and double-cast as Light Yagami, and Teppei Koike as L. A Korean production of the same musical ran from June 11 to August 11, 2015, in South Korea, starring musical actor Hong Kwang-ho and JYJ member and musical actor Kim Junsu.

Manga
By April 2015, the Death Note manga had over 30 million copies in circulation. On ICv2's "Top 10 Shonen Properties Q2 2009", Death Note was the third best-selling manga property in North America. The series ranked second on Takarajimasha's Kono Manga ga Sugoi! list of best manga of 2006 and 2007 for male readers. It was nominated for the 38th Seiun Awards in the Best Comic category in 2007. The manga received the Grand Prize of Best Manga and Best Screenplay at the Japan Expo Awards 2007. The series won the 2008 Eagle Award for Favourite Manga as voted by UK fans. According to a survey conducted in 2007 by the Ministry of culture of Japan, occupies the tenth place among the best manga of all time. It also received several nominations such as Best Manga at the 2006 American Anime Awards, the 2007 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize, an Official Selection at Angoulême International Comics Festival 2008, and Obata was nominated for Best Penciller/Inker at the 2008 Eisner Awards. In 2007, the first three volumes of Death Note were on the American Library Association's 2007 Great Graphic Novels for Teens Top Ten list.

Douglas Wolk of Salon said that a rumor circulated stating that the creators intended to create Death Note to last half as long as its actual run and Ohba and Obata had been persuaded to lengthen the storyline when Death Note's popularity increased, noting that the rumor "makes sense, since about halfway through the series, there's a point that seems like a natural ending". In addition, he said that fans wrote "thousands" of Death Note fan fiction stories and posted them on the internet. In 2006, Japanese fans pointed out the similarities between Death Note and the 1973 one-shot manga The Miraculous Notebook (不思議な手帖) by Shigeru Mizuki. Comipress reported that the only difference between the story and Death Note is that there are no shinigamis.

Anime News Network writer Zac Bertschy called Death Note a "surprisingly gripping and original suspense tale that raises a handful of interesting questions about morality". He noted that the difference between the series and other manga from the same demographic was very big due to the murders the main character commits as well as how he hides his identity of Kira. Although Bertschy mentioned some manga readers will be surprised with the dark themes of Death Note, he praised the series for its "great art, great story, [and] compelling characters". Briana Lawrence from the same website stated that what makes Death Note so interesting is that there is no villain, "instead it had two opposing sides that both believe in the same thing: justice". She felt that once vital characters fading into the background, the ending brings back what the fans loved about the first volume and the supporting cast are "given a chance to shine". She also mentioned that the epilogue made no mention of what happens with Misa Amane and how Near and Mello were still treated like parts of L. Julie Rosato from Mania Entertainment found the story to be very entertaining, having liked Light's development in the story and L's introduction as well as how the latter starts suspecting the former's identity. Additionally, she praised the story as it is "building a climax" with each detail introduced in the first chapter, making the reader look forward to upcoming chapters. Jolyon Baraka Thomas, in a Japanese Journal of Religious Studies article, describes the manga as having a "somber narrative" with a "dark cast". Obata's art is "[rendered] in stark strokes characterized---fittingly---by a complex interplay of light and shadow".

Anime
On Rotten Tomatoes, the show holds an approval rating of 100%, based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Death Note is an exceptional anime that poses profound questions about justice and murder, all while delivering a supremely satisfying tale of tactical one-upmanship between a detective and killer." The Death Note anime was one of the series to win Best TV Anime at the 2007 Tokyo International Anime Fair. The anime was commended with Tom S. Pepirium of IGN saying that Death Note's "heavy serialized nature" is what "makes the show so engaging and discussion worthy". Pepirium, saying that translating Death Note is "no small task", stated that Stephen Hedley created an English dub with "nothing clunky". He added that Karl Willems, director of the dub, assembled a "stunning voice cast of professionals" with a "solid tone minus some of the cheesy yelling and screaming of other dubs". On the NPR show Fresh Air, John Powers said that Death Note is "at least as addictive as a show like Lost". It was also listed as the 51st best animated show in IGN's Top 100 Animated Series. Hyper wrote: "Running over thirty-seven 20 minutes episodes, the anime sticks much closer to the manga so takes a far more languid approach to storytelling, better fleshing out the fantastic characters of Light and his nemesis, L. Light in particular is one of the most layered characters to appear in anime in a long time." Jacob Hope Chapman from Anime News Network praised Teru Mikami's role as bloody and flashy as ever better than that of Near, Mello, and Misa.

Light novels
A.E. Sparrow of IGN reviewed the novel Another Note and gave it a 9.5 out of 10. Sparrow said that the author understood "what made these characters click so well" and "captures everything that made the manga the compelling read that it is". Sparrow said that fans of Death Note who read Another Note will "find a welcome home" in Nisio Isin's work which "adds a few more fun layers" to the Death Note franchise. The novelization of L: Change the World became the second top-selling light novel in Japan during 2008.

Legacy and controversies
The series release outside Japan has inspired other works, as well as individuals making their own mock "Death Notes", including one that was associated with a real-life murder. According to Wired magazine, Death Note "[turned] Japan's most-popular print medium into an internationally controversial topic that has parents wondering whether they should prohibit their kids from reading manga entirely". Live-action director Shusuke Kaneko commented in response, "If preventing them from seeing this movie is going to make kids better, then why not prevent them from watching all bad news?".

In regards to the 2019 The Twilight Zone episode "The Comedian", Rosie Knight of The Hollywood Reporter stated that "Samir's story appears to take a large influence from ... Death Note." The Simpsons has parodied Death Note in both comic books and animation with the 2008 comic book story "Murder, He Wrote" in The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror #14, where Bart receives the notebook from the Ryuk-ified ghost of Krusty the Clown, and the "Death Tome" segment of the 2022 television episode "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII", with Lisa receiving the titular book.

Bans and attempted bans
Early in 2005, school officials in Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning (People's Republic of China), banned Death Note. The immediate cause was that students had been altering notebooks to resemble Death Notes and then writing the names of acquaintances, enemies, and teachers in the books. The ban was designed to protect the "physical and mental health" of students from horror material that "misleads innocent children and distorts their mind and spirit". Jonathan Clements has suggested that the Chinese authorities acted partly against "superstition", but also against illegal, pirate publishers of Death Note. The ban has been extended to other Chinese cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Lanzhou in Gansu Province. Legally published Chinese-language versions of Death Note are published in Hong Kong. On June 12, 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Culture listed Death Note among 38 anime and manga titles banned in China.

In 2007, the education bureau in Pingtung County, Taiwan asked teachers to pay attention to any negative influence on elementary school students reading the manga. In May 2010, the Albuquerque Public Schools in New Mexico held a hearing to ban the Death Note manga from their district's schools; it was unanimously voted down. After volumes of Death Note were found at the February 2013 suicide of a 15-year-old girl in Yekaterinburg, Russia, a local parents' group began campaigning to regulate all media based on the series, saying that it had an adverse effect on the minds of children. In March 2014, investigators concluded that the manga did not cause the girl to commit suicide.

Imitations of the series
There have been various imitations around the world of the premise of Death Note. At least one instance was linked to a crime - on September 28, 2007, two notes written with Latin characters stating "Watashi wa Kira dess" [sic], a mis-transliteration of "I am Kira" (私はキラです), were found near the partial remains of a Caucasian male in Belgium. The case has been called the "Mangamoord" (Dutch for Manga Murder) in Belgian media. It was not until 2010 that four people were arrested in connection to the murder. A senior at the Franklin Military Academy in Richmond, Virginia, United States was suspended in 2007 after being caught possessing a replica "Death Note" notebook with the names of fellow students. The school's principal wrote a letter to the student's parents linking to an unofficial website where visitors can write names and circumstances of death for people they want to die.

In South Carolina in March 2008, school officials seized a "Death Note" notebook from a Hartsville Middle School student. District officials linked the notebook to the anime/manga. The notebook listed seven students' names. The school planned a disciplinary hearing and contacted the seven students' parents. In Gadsden, Alabama in April 2008, two sixth-grade boys were arrested for possession of a "Death Note" that listed names of several staff members and fellow students. According to Etowah County Sheriff's Department Sgt. Lanny Handy, the notebook was discovered the previous afternoon by a staffer. The students were suspended from the county's schools, pending a juvenile court hearing. The students, their parents, and school officials had met with Handy and a junior probation officer. In Gig Harbor, Washington, one middle school student was expelled and three were suspended on May 14, 2008, for having 50 names in their own "Death Note" book, including President George W. Bush.

It was reported in September 2009, that a Year Eight boy in Sydney, Australia, created a "Death Note" that along with names contained a "battle plan" detailing where bombs could be placed inside his school. In December 2009, two students at an elementary school in Oklahoma were disciplined for a "Death Note" with the names and descriptions of deaths of two girls that had angered them. A Michigan middle school student was suspended indefinitely in March 2010 for a "Death Note". In May 2010, a middle school student in Avonworth School District in Pennsylvania was suspended for a "Death Note" with names of fellow students and pop singer Justin Bieber. In February 2015, a fifth-grade student of an elementary school near Pittsburgh was suspended for owning a "Death Note" and writing other students' names in it.

title: Death Note


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User:E2m

I am from Porto Alegre.

de:Benutzer:e2m pt:Usuário:e2m

title: User:E2m


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Phaon

In Greek mythology, Phaon (Ancient Greek: Φάων; gen.: Φάωνος) was a mythical boatman of Mytilene in Lesbos. He was old and ugly when Aphrodite came to his boat. She put on the guise of a crone. Phaon ferried her over to Asia Minor and accepted no payment for doing so. In return, she gave him a box of ointment. When he rubbed it on himself, he became young and beautiful. Many were captivated by his beauty.

According to Athenian Theater, Sappho fell in love with him. He lay with her but soon grew to resent her and devalue her. Sappho was so distraught with his rejection that she threw herself into the sea under the superstition that she would be either cured of her love, or drowned. She was drowned. Aelian says that Phaon was killed by a man whom he was cuckolding.

Aside from Aelian, Phaon's story is told by Ovid and Lucian. He is also mentioned by Plautus in Miles Gloriosus as being one of only two men in the whole world, who "ever had the luck to be so passionately loved by a woman" (Act 3).

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1848 edition of Lemprière's Classical Dictionary''.

title: Phaon


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Talk:Kowloon Motor Bus

older entries
Hello. I'm Carsonley. I see that this page needs help. Much info in this page is old and not up to date. There are some routes that need to be fixed. I have started cleaning the page, but it will need more time for the page to be perfect. I am hoping the page's quality will be as good as Citybus (Hong Kong). (After I gave help for that page.) It's my hope that others will come and help the clean up. We've got ALOT to do! If you want to talk to me, click this link. Carsonley Thanks! (9/25/05)

Routes 1,2A..2F show the quality I am trying to achieve on this article. Much of the routes are either not up to date or show the wrong info and is misleading and will need to be corrected. (This note will be deleted later) (9/25/05)

GA nomination failed
This article failed the ga nominees because of a lack of references. Tarret 19:53, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:KMB logo.JPG
Image:KMB logo.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:20, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Kowloon Motor Bus fleet
The version before the redirect contains valid information about the bus fleet which can be merged here, but it does need references. Atlantic306 (talk) 19:19, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

Bus route details
Can we add the bus route details (section 5.1) back from an older revision (Kowloon Motor Bus)? I think it is encyclopedic. But someone removed it for being "non-notable info" (and that user has since been banned for socking). However, if we want to add it back we may need to check for outdated parts or any errors.

Hkbusfan (talk) 09:14, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Nope. NOTADIRECTORY. Matthew hk (talk) 09:27, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

 * And probably WP:OR. Matthew hk (talk) 09:29, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

 * But I remember when I was in primary school I wondered what the letters in KMB routes meant, and my dad found this article for me. It was very interesting. Hkbusfan (talk) 01:50, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kowloon Motor Bus


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Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering

The Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering (CFSATE) is a Canadian Armed Forces training establishment for Aerospace Engineering Officers and Aircraft Technicians who serve with units of the Royal Canadian Air Force.

CFSATE is a unit of 16 Wing, located at CFB Borden in central Ontario, Canada.