text:
User talk:Naturenet

Ticket to Ryde
The Beatles sung "Ticket to Ride" on the Help! Album. Ticket to Ryde has been a usefully adopted pun on this but this certainly didnt come from any of the "Fab Four" Dainamo 13:16, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Vectians
I hope the revised text (see Isle of Wight) is an adequate compromise and accurate. I plan to look at some local references for the term in the next few days. Dainamo 19:38, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Fishbourne
Thans Wightipedian! Danged if we don't learn things every day. For 10 years I'd got the idea that Fishbourne on Wight was where the palace was.... Bill 19:15, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

William Rufus
Thanks for your substantial contributions to the William II of England article! I like the way you sectioned the article, and I thought your writing style added a bit of poetry to it. It's great that you took the time to work on it.

 * I did go in and tone down a couple of your edits, because I wasn't sure what the scholarly basis for them was. If you could take a look at my changes, and let me know what you think, I'd be interested to hear from you. Thanks! Steve Casburn 02:17, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Entirely happy with your sensible reworking. Thanks. And thanks for the kind words! Naturenet 09:10, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for a good response to Wetman’s rather groundless criticism of the infobox. Eixo 18:16, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Well done
Just a note of appreciation for your gentle comments to the anon on Talk:New Forest, which seem to have had completely positive results. I shall try to emulate you. -- ALoan (Talk) 17:20, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
You have sent me an email that I have blocked you. I have not blocked you. Last block I made was for an anonymous user who vandalised various pages and was warned ++ times. I will unblock this user now. Tell me if this solved your problem. Refdoc 17:45, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Willie Morris Bioff
I've expanded the page somewhat. -- BD 24 12 thi m k 19:22, 2005 May 13 (UTC)

Cutting of the elm
When listing this for deletion I failed to notice that the Priory of Sion it mentions is a hoax, according to our article on that subject. I now believe even more strongly that this should be deleted and thought you should have the additional information. Rmhermen 22:19, May 15, 2005 (UTC)

non-white
I deleted the article as a repost of deleted material. This isn't quite correct, but I don't think it was any different to the material that deleted previously. Evil Monkey∴Hello 10:09, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Emily Dickinson
If you need to edit Emily Dickinson more than twice in 24 hours, feel free to let me know, I'll revert the vandalism, to avoid the 3 revert rule being applied to you. Drop me a line if you need any assistance on anything like this, I'm on sporadically all day long today.Pedant 2005 June 30 18:58 (UTC)

Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal/3
PBurka pointed out that an important omission from this proposal: a band could meet WP:MUSIC criterion #5 (sharing a member with a famous band) and still be speedily deletable by this criterion. I've added a sentence to the proposal to reflect this: it now reads ''An article about a musician or music group that does not assert having released at least one album, nor having had media coverage, nor having a member that is or was also part of a well-known music group. If the assertion is disputed or controversial, it should be taken to VFD instead.'' Please consider if you support this new wording, and change your vote if not. Yours, Radiant_ >|< July 5, 2005 09:55 (UTC)

CSD Proposal 3-B
You voted or commented on Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal/3-B or  Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal/3-A or both. I have proposed a revised version, at Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal/3-C. This version is intended to address objections made by many of those oppsoed to 3-A or 3-B. The revised propsal refers explicitly and directly to the criteria at WP:MUSIC. If you have not already done so, please examine the revised proposal and vote on it also. Thank you. DES 6 July 2005 05:40 (UTC)

Peace Dove
To all participants of the WikiProject Kindness Campaign: There is a proposal on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Kindness Campaign for the Peace Dove. Please comment as you see fit. Thanks, Sango  123  16:19, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Criteria_for_speedy_deletion/Proposal/3-C
Hello! Sorry to bother you, but since you voted on the earlier CSD proposal about unremarkable bands, it would be appreciated if you cast your vote for this version. It has been reworded to address concerns raised against the earlier wording. Please take a look at it and consider if you support or oppose it. Yours, Radiant_ >|< 08:50, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Responded to your comments
I responded to your comments on Talk:Wikicity:Harrington Kurt Weber 22:11, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism at AGS
I've put both and  on WP:AIV. These users are both current students at Adams' Grammar School (I've left recently) and, I guess, think it's funny to mess around with its article. I've no doubt they'll get bored soon, particularly if they're banned or the article's protected! Thanks for your help. – drw25 (talk) 22:53, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Featured Article Status of Isle of Wight
I proposed the above, but was (fairly) objected to. Given your attention on this I would be thankful of any assistance in meeting the requirements for the article to make the grade. Dainamo 19:34, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Voltage Drop
Golly! You are fast. I just put up "Voltage Drop" and before I could Wiki link it, you beat me to it. Is there a quick way to Wikify an article? I am a Newbie and this is my first article. I haven't found out how to use the talk pages. Phil 23:39, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

Voltage drop amended
I have added text to subject page. Would you be so kind as tidy it up a bit? Someone started editing on this page even as it was first posted. How did they get there so fast? Phil 19:21, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * No tidying needed really, I'd say. I've done the tiny bit I found. A good page, you;ve done pretty well. As for how did they see the edit so quickly, the answer lies in Special:Recentchanges. There you can see what has been changed recently, and who did it. People look out for changes by anonymous users, and those who have no talk pages, as these are usually new users. New pages created by anonymous users are particularly scrutinised. That way, those who need help can be given it, and those who are up to no good can be thwarted. Once you've got a bit more editing under your belt why not go and have a go yourself? See RC_patrol for lots more details and advice of what this is about. Naturenet | Talk 20:20, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Voltage drop - Para added
I have added a paragraph which no doubt needs your attention. I think perhaps anymore text will be overkill on this subject. Agree? Thanks for your help. Phil 15:28, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, if you've got more to say, and it's relevent, then go for it. But in general I'd tend to agree. Perhaps all that's missing for the fully-rounded article is a photo - perhaps some pylons, or a substation or something. Once more I see no need to subedit - you've got the hang of this thing well enough I'd say. Well done. And remember, be bold!
 * Naturenet | Talk 17:20, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Mllywchilyntnjnskkwyll
Why do you want this deleted, this is a real place - I know that because I live there. Americans! Mllywchilyntnjnskkwyll 20:14, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well the name isn't Welsh as its made to look - 'Mll' is not a possible opening combination, its impossible to pronounce, as possibly is the -ntn- depending where the syllable break is. Also there is no 'j' and no 'k' in the Welsh alphabet, and even if they were -ntnjnskk- is not pronounceable in any language where all those letters are consonants. In Welsh the vowels are 'a' 'e' 'i' 'o' 'u' 'w' 'y' ('w' can be a consonant or a vowel). The closest Welsh would get to that is something like Millyŵchilyntngscwll, but that is just an approximation of sounds and it doens't feel Welsh at all. If it were an Anglicanisation of the Welsh it would be something along the lines of Millychilly Enjunskwill - but this doesn't look anything like a typical anglicanisation of Welsh. Thryduulf 22:15, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Adam's Grammar School
Probably the best thing to do is to contact the school and let them know about the vandalism. Ask at WP:AN/I if you don't feel confident to do do this. Thryduulf 22:15, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Your broken signature
See Help:Preferences for how to fix it. Uncle G 21:00, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Naturenet | Talk 23:16, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Sources for Contus
Hello, good work on Contus, and thanks for the contribution. However, you did not provide any references or sources in the article. Keeping Wikipedia accurate and verifiable is very important, and as you might be aware there is currently a push to encourage editors to cite the sources they used when adding content. From what websites, books, or other places did you learn the information that you added to Contus? Would it be possible for you to mention them in the article? You can simply add links, or see WP:CITET if you wish to review some of the different citation methods. Thanks! Lupin|talk|popups 03:43, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Elm (and cutting thereof)
Thanks for the message. Not that I'm particularly bothered about the article, but it ought to go somewhere category-wise. As it stands it's mostly about the event and implicitly about the tree (not that there's really anything to be said about the tree). We currently don't have a category for tree-related malarkey, so if it doesn't go with elms and if it's not really an individual tree, then I don't know where people might want to go looking for it - but it ought to be categorised somewhere, poor thing. Man vyi 22:26, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I do know what you mean. 'Dubious tales involving a tree' isn't going to be a massive category. You seem to know a thing or two about the Normans. Isn't there a cat that might suit it around there somewhere? or I suppose there's always the Crusades, or something. I only really got interested in it from the tree point of view. The history stuff is all new to me, albeit jolly interesting! Naturenet | Talk 22:37, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It might go in an as-yet uncreated History of Normandy category - but perhaps a Treelore category is required to contain other odd articles such as Man-eating tree! Man vyi 09:33, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Not forgetting the ever-popular Exploding tree :-) Man vyi 09:43, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * What fantastic links! Nice one. OK, let's leave it in 'Trees'. You are right. And if anyone can be bothered to make a 'Treelore' cat all three of these are undoubtedly candidates. Naturenet | Talk 18:40, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Dunk meister
Part of the problem is that even when he does talk on the talk pages he only does to to announce his absolut correctness, something not a lot mroe useful than his making edites no one agrees with. Its too bad because if he worked with us I think we coudl find a wording that would at least be slightly better for his view (though I will till object to the catagory). At the moment I have given up on talking to him and am just reverting the parts of his changes that are aganst consensus. Dalf | Talk 12:08, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * You're quite right - and I agree particularly that he is not beyond hope. But eventually something must be done. We can't all stand around reverting him forever, we have other things to do! I suggest reporting him to Administrator intervention against vandalism if he persists. Naturenet | Talk 12:14, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * That is probbly a good plan, though in the grand schem of things what he is doing is really annoying but not one of the more major cases of vandalism that wikipedia deals with so we may not get a lot of traction right away. It is at least a good step to get mroe people involved and hopefully get him to engage in some mroe reasonable conversation. Dalf | Talk 12:19, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

speckled wood
All right, you've got me! I just thought that it was a nice pic and wanted to put it up. It was taken at the fen and if we can think of a better place and context to put it in I'd be glad to change it.
 * Yes, good pic - taken in St Edmund's Fen I'd guess? or possibly up by the brickpits. Perhaps you'd be willing to take the picture off for now until you do find a good home for it? Naturenet | Talk 09:44, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:Spinneyabbey1.jpg
Hi. Some time ago, you uploaded Image:Spinneyabbey1.jpg under a non-commercial only license. At the time, such images were permitted on Wikipedia. That is, however, no longer the case. Would you consider re-tagging this image under a free license such as GFDL-self or PD-self? Thank you. BigDT 16:53, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It is done. Naturenet | Talk 18:47, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Artcle 4 designation
Have added a note to Talk:Article Four Direction Chevin 08:26, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Natural England
Following your comments on the Natural England (disputed) point of view that you removed, no doubt you'll be interested in the articles in today's Guardian: http://environment.guardian.co.uk/conservation/story/0,,1865433,00.html and http://environment.guardian.co.uk/conservation/story/0,,1865438,00.html

 * Yes, indeed very interesting and not surprising. If you have any knowledge of or opinions on all of this that you'd like to share with us all, you can do so, anonymously, by commenting on my blog. I'd particularly like to know what you think of the report cover. Am I right? Naturenet | Talk 21:28, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Rubbish/Trash collection
I am debating a page about the days of rubbish collection and details of recycling on the Isle of Wight, for each area. Comments?--Filll 22:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Why can't we get more of the articles about the Isle of Wight towns?
I think there are so many charming areas in Isle of Wight and they have no articles yet. Not enough contributors?--Filll 17:38, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't agree. There are many articles about the Isle of Wight, like these:

plus another 65 or so here. Already quite a few more than, for example (to take another much larger county at random), Lancashire. Anyway, if you think more are needed, be bold, create them. But I'd suggest that they need content, not just stubs. Naturenet | Talk 19:11, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. Good content. Not just "rubbish" pickup times, although to be honest that tickles my funny bone. I think it would be hilarious but you are right, not very encyclopedic. It is just so easy to find that information for the Isle of Wight. Most other places on the planet would not display it so openly I think.--Filll 20:32, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Picture of the Year contest
Hello. Thank you for your interest in the 2006 Picture of the Year contest. To vote, you must be an established Wiki editor with at least 100 edits registered either on your Commons or on your home wiki account (eg on one of the Wikimedia sites). You don't have 100 edits on your Commons account, but if you do on your home wiki, please add a diff pointing to a statement on your home wiki talk page which confirms your identity. See for a step by step guide here. Thank you! If you have any questions, you can ask at commons:Commons talk:Picture of the Year/2006. Bryan 18:57, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Awards

 * Heh! After all these years. You're very kind, I'm really touched. :) Naturenet | Talk 17:43, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Great Hedge
Hello, you might want to take a look at my edits and discussion on Great Hedge of India. Your edit summary made it sound as though you felt the Great Hedge might be a hoax. I wondered about that myself, from the first time I saw the book in a bookstore, but as far as I can tell, it is not. As you can see from my edits, I've found some references to the Customs Line in contemporary accounts (not quotations by Moxham); and though it is true that there is not a large secondary literature, he seems to be cited fairly often (given the obscurity of the subject) -- search for salt-tax | customs-line)  on Google Scholar, say. It does seem that the name "Great Hedge of India" was popularized by Moxham, however. --Macrakis 19:38, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Wootton, Isle of Wight
fits the criteria for speedy deletion for the following reason: page is not needed as there is the page on Wootton Bridge which is the real name --Android Mouse Bot 2 16:41, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Ford's Butterflies.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ford's Butterflies.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 09:25, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Largest village in England
Hi - the reference is from Wightlink. In such cases, I generally provide a link so that readers could easily find some information on the organisation and judge for themselves whether the reference is likely to prove reliable. It looks like someone has found a better reference, anyway. Warofdreams talk 18:48, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Useful directory
I have found the List of UK locations quite useful and now it is up for deletion:

 * Articles for deletion/List of United Kingdom locations

Comments?--Filll 22:07, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

FAR National parks of England and Wales
National parks of England and Wales has been nominated for a featured article review. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. Please leave your comments and help us to return the article to featured quality. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, articles are moved onto the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Remove" the article from featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Reviewers' concerns are here. — Rod talk 20:29, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Grassland
Sorry I've forgot to reply after I've done the semi'd operation, but no problem JForget 18:47, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems to have been much quieter this week, although it seems to going into bunches - like 7 days with nothing and several bad edits in a short order. For now, I think it is not quite enough for re-semi-protection for now, but if it gets more active then it will have to be locked once again. Thanks!-- JForget 00:07, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Request For Rollback
I have granted your request for rollback. Please remember only to use this for blatant vandalism, and not content you disagree with. Thanks! Pedro : Chat  15:39, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Isle of Wight
Why'd you revert my edits without so much as a discussion? -24.149.185.189 (talk) 10:58, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Because I thought it was a trivial edit, and you are an anonymous user. Obviously you don't think that, so feel free to start the discussion. I'd also encourage you to register - people will take your edits more seriously then. Naturenet | Talk 12:07, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * There is no need to be anonphobic. Many spammers and trolls have Wiki accounts, and many anons make positive contributions to Wikipedia.  It is a bit elitist and prejudice to simply revert all anon edits, and treat anons like second-class users.  In fact, I believe that's the antithesis of Wikipedia's purpose. -24.149.203.34 (talk) 01:28, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Iwclogo1.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Iwclogo1.gif. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Project FMF (talk) 13:36, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Who was Martin Woodnutt?
I am sure his name was "Mark Woodnutt" ? What do you think ?--Streona (talk) 23:42, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Correct. He was not christened Mark but went by that name. Naturenet | Talk 07:51, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

WP:Wight
Hello! I know you've done a lot of work on Isle of Wight articles, and thought you'd be interested to know that I've just started WikiProject Wight. I think there's a lot more that can be done with the island's articles, and this should help us all to work together consistently. I hope to see you there! --Peeky44 (talk) 11:42, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Isle of Wight Party
An article that you have been involved in editing, Isle of Wight Party, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Isle of Wight Party. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? JEdgarFreeman (talk) 19:13, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival
Hi Naturenet

I took a look at the edit conflict on the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival article and gave my views on the talk page. I hope what I have said will help to come to a resolution although I have not had much experience in helping with edit conflicts in the past. Kind regards Editor5807 speak  20:41, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:BradingDown01.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:BradingDown01.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Jordan 1972 (talk) 14:21, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Isle of Wight county status debate
I think you should have a look at this - Talk:Isle of Wight. Seems there's someone with an agenda, and you're the one who reverted the material originally. Sorry to interrupt. --Peeky44 (talk) 12:32, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:Osborne-house1.jpg
File:Osborne-house1.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:Osborne-house1.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 03:20, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Ventnorbeach.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Ventnorbeach.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 23:28, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Historic Ryde Society
Please can you add a link to the website - www.HistoricRydeSociety.com  Thanks very much. 79.72.152.242 (talk) 08:36, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

List of rock formations in the United Kingdom
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:List of rock formations in the United Kingdom regarding the scope of the list and a proposal, because of your edits to The Needles, a listed item. --21:37, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 17
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Ancient woodland, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Primrose (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 09:02, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot
SuggestBot predicts that you will enjoy editing some of these articles. Have fun!

SuggestBot picks articles in a number of ways based on other articles you've edited, including straight text similarity, following wikilinks, and matching your editing patterns against those of other Wikipedians. It tries to recommend only articles that other Wikipedians have marked as needing work. Your contributions make Wikipedia better — thanks for helping.

If you have feedback on how to make SuggestBot better, please tell me on SuggestBot's talk page. Thanks from, SuggestBot's caretaker. -- SuggestBot (talk) 16:44, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for August 7
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Grade 2 (band), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Saints and Sinners. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 09:49, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

File:Isleofwight.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Isleofwight.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Kelly hi! 22:02, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Copyright problem on Hedge laying
Material you included in the above article appears to have been copied from the copyright web page http://iwhg.org/hedgelaying.html. Copying text directly from a source is a copyright violation. Unfortunately, for copyright reasons, the content had to be removed. Please leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or if you think I made a mistake. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk) 13:06, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Merger discussion for esplanade
An article that you have been involved in editing—esplanade—has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Mistakefinder (talk) 13:50, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Take‑Two Interactive Software listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Take‑Two Interactive Software. Since you had some involvement with the Take‑Two Interactive Software redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 01:43, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

"on" the Isle of Wight
Hello, I'm not sure how active you are on Wikimedia Commons, but there is currently a discussion on re-naming the Isle of Wight categories to "in the Isle of Wight" from the current "on the Isle of Wight". As a fellow islander I'm fairly sure we'd agree the current "on" is far more accurate, but your input may help in forming a consensus. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump#Isle_of_Wight_categories) Kind regards, Editor5807 speak  23:02, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Naturenet


text:
User talk:Einar Myre

Hi Einar Myre, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 13:29, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

your revert to Isiah Clarke
I was just about to do the same. There seems to be a larger pattern of missinformation. Agathoclea 16:34, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry to say all the bad info is coming back. Agathoclea 20:58, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Einar Myre


text:
User talk:Easty

Hi Easty, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. (Just so you know, some people won't pay attention to unsigned comments).

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

Above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

– T.P.K. 13:29, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Age
I know to people that are younger than you; myselt, I'm almost 12, and User:Ninjaugusta, who is 11 and a half years oldIcelandic Hurricane 21:18, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Easty


text: User talk:216.254.154.2

title: User talk:216.254.154.2


text:
Talk:Copyright law of the United Kingdom

Media shifting.
ISTR a case where a user was allowed to make copies of CDs to comapct cassette for the purpose of listening to them in his car. This is important case law, but I have no details. Anyone? Rich Farmbrough 13:37, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Photographs of Paintings
OK - what about Tate Modern posters of a Van Gogh painting in their collection. The painting itself is out of copyright, but they control access to it and sell photographs (slides, postcards, posters). Can I photograph their photographs? They surely can't argue there is any creative artistic element, or indeed much expert labour, in producing an exact facimile photograph? In effect they are extending the copyright term by saying because they own it only they can reproduce it.

81.100.161.66 (talk) 23:03, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Under UK copyright law, copyright exists in a newly made photograph of an object that is itself out of copyright. There is no requirement for creative input by the photographer. This differs from US copyright law. EEye (talk) 14:45, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Not necessarily: see "Are digitised copies of older images protected by copyright?" (page 3) in the Intellectual Property Office advice issued in 2014. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 19:51, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

External links modified 2
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 6 one external links on Copyright law of the United Kingdom. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230131/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1992/3233/contents/mad to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1992/3233/contents/mad
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230131/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/0018/contents/made to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/0018/contents/made
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230131/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1992/467/contents/made to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1992/467/contents/made
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230130/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1992/1313/contents/made to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1992/1313/contents/made
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230130/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1993/74/contents/made to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/uksi/1993/74/contents/made
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160124230131/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/187contents/made to http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/187contents/made

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:51, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified 2
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Copyright law of the United Kingdom. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070714083850/http://1911encyclopedia.org/ to http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110616200932/http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/digitisation/conf2003/dunning to http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/digitisation/conf2003/dunning

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:48, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Updating
Much of the material is very outdated, referring to old statutes and making scant reference to contemporary developments. I have done some re-structuring and made some additions, but without simply removing very large chunks of material, there is not much more I can do. Perhaps the "Framework" section can be used to structure the remainder of the article. I would suggest all removal of information that does not relate to the current law. --Jason246xy (talk) 21:08, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

 * It would be better to move such material to an article on the history of the UK copyright law. TJRC (talk) 22:39, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Good idea. I haven't updated below "Qualifications for Protection", so most below that could be moved, with the exception of material dealing with the current legislation (i.e., 1988 Act)--Jason246xy (talk) 19:54, 31 March 2016 (UTC)


text:
Tolkien Estate

The Tolkien Estate is the legal body which manages the property of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien, including the copyright for most of his works. The individual copyrights have for the most part been assigned by the estate to subsidiary entities such as the J. R. R. Tolkien Discretionary Settlement and the Tolkien charitable trust. The various holdings of the Tolkien family, including the estate, have been organized under The Tolkien Company, the directors of which were Christopher Tolkien until August 2017 and his wife Baillie Tolkien, and J. R. R. Tolkien's grandson Michael George Tolkien. The executors of the estate were Christopher Tolkien (died 16 January 2020 ), who was sole literary executor, and (succeeding J.R.R. Tolkien's lawyer Frank Williamson) Cathleen Blackburn of Maier Blackburn, who has been the estate's solicitor for many years.

Rights to The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings
Exclusive worldwide rights to motion picture, merchandising, stage and other rights in certain literary works of J. R. R. Tolkien including The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings were sold by Tolkien himself to United Artists in 1969, reportedly for a very small amount, and are currently owned by Middle-earth Enterprises (formerly Tolkien Enterprises), inc., a company controlled by Saul Zaentz until his death in 2014.

Film royalties
In February 2008, the Tolkien Trust sued New Line Cinema, the studio behind the Lord of the Rings trilogy, for £75 million claiming they had not received "even one penny" from the films. A request for punitive damages was denied in September 2008. The case was resolved out of court on 8 September 2009 with the terms not made public.

In a press release, Christopher Tolkien stated, "The Trustees regret that legal action was necessary, but are glad that this dispute has been settled on satisfactory terms that will allow the Tolkien Trust properly to pursue its charitable objectives. The Trustees acknowledge that New Line may now proceed with its proposed films of The Hobbit."

Gambling devices
In November 2012 in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Fourth Age Limited (later Tolkien Estate, Ltd) and other plaintiffs sued several Warner Bros. affiliates alleging copyright infringement, breach of contract, and seeking declaratory relief, arguing that the defendants exceeded the scope of their rights.

The suit alleged that by producing gambling and video games using his characters, the parties had ignored the limitations of the rights purchased more than four decades prior in 1969; contending the original licence to Tolkien's works was limited to the right to sell "tangible" products such as "figurines, tableware, stationery items, clothing, and the like", but did not cover "electronic or digital rights, rights in media yet to be devised or other intangibles such as rights in services". Tolkien's estate claimed that the defendants actions had caused "irreparable harm to Tolkien's legacy".

On 11 March 2013, the Saul Zaentz Co. (doing business as Middle-earth Enterprises), the rightsholder for the Lord of the Rings and Hobbit properties, filed an amended counterclaim against Fourth Age for declaratory relief, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and quantum meruit. On the same day, the Warner Parties filed an amended counterclaim against Fourth Age for breach of contract and declaratory relief.

The Tolkien Estate et al. attempted to block these countersuits under California's anti-SLAPP statute, claiming that Warner Brothers was interfering with their right to petition under the First Amendment to the US Constitution. On 11 July 2013, US District Judge Audrey Collins denied a motion to dismiss, disagreeing that what Warner Brothers was doing was making "disguised claims for malicious prosecution" and wrote "these claims arise out of the parties' divergent understanding of the Warner Parties' and Zaentz's rights to The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. They are routine contract-based claims and counterclaims." In October 2015 the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld that ruling.

The lawsuit was confidentially settled in July 2017.

The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power
On 13 November 2017, Amazon acquired the global television rights to The Lord of the Rings' appendices found at the end of The Return of the King. Amazon committed to a multi-season television series titled The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. It features stories that are set in the Second Age. Amazon said the deal included potential for spin-off series as well. The press release referred to "previously unexplored stories based on J.R.R. Tolkien’s original writings". Amazon is the producer in conjunction with the Tolkien Estate and The Tolkien Trust, HarperCollins and New Line Cinema.

Christopher Tolkien's resignation
On 31 August 2017, at age 93, Christopher Tolkien resigned as a director of the Tolkien Estate and the Tolkien Trust, while remaining as the literary executor. He died on 16 January 2020 at the age of 95.

title: Tolkien Estate


text:
Vox Clamantis

Vox Clamantis ("the voice of one crying out") is a Latin poem of 10,265 lines in elegiac couplets by John Gower (1330 – October 1408). The first of the seven books is a dream vision giving a vivid account of the Peasants' Rebellion of 1381. Macaulay described the remaining books: "The general plan of the author is to describe the condition of society and of the various degrees of men, much as in the latter portion of the Speculum Meditantis." Fisher concludes that books II-V were written in the 1370s while the author was writing similar passages in Mirour de l'Omme.

Versions
Wickert divides the manuscripts into two groups:A-text (=Macaulay initial version= Fisher b-version) and B-text (=Macaulay final version= Fisher c-version). The A-text for Book VI condemns the advisors of a young King Richard; the corresponding B-text condemns "the king's corrupt and corrupting young associates." There is a unique manuscript (MS Laud (Misc) 719 SC10601) which omits the Visio and numbers the books I-VI. Fisher calls this the a-version. Both Wickert and Fisher agree that the existence of this manuscript is strong evidence that the bulk of Vox was written before the Peasants' Revolt.

Genre and purpose
Book One is a dream-vision. Galloway claims the Gower's use of dream-vision contributed to the demolition of the form. He cites only two instances of dream-vision in the fifteenth century. "Gower's reassessment of the dream-vision form throughout his career progressively and caustically dissolve its claims to revealing suprahuman powers, while using the form to explore the connections between human thought and interpretation and human needs and appetites."

Most critics cite the remaining books as an example of estate satire where the author complains about various problems in society. "This universal voice, the voice of the Old Testament prophets, is the mode of perception and expression that distinguishes medieval complaint from classical satire." Wickert disagrees and argues that these books have the form of a medieval sermon described in Luke 3:7-9.

Fisher summarizes: "What distinguishes Gower's views from those of many of his contemporaries, and places him among the progressive thinkers of this day, is his emphasis upon legal justice and regal responsibility for all the estates, defined in terms of "le biencoomue," "bonus communi," or "the common good," depending on the language in which be happened to be writing" Wickert asks the rhetorical question: "Did Gower achieve his goal?" Mirour included a call for soul-searching. Vox attempted to explain the signs of the times. The poem did not cause changes in society. "After the removal of the immediate danger, the homilist exhorted deaf ears."

Structure and content
All books are divided into chapters. Each chapter is preceded by a prose heading which summarizes the chapter. Three books have prologues.

Book I Visio Anglie
The Visio has 2150 lines describing the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. The horrors of 1381 are described in allegorical form and the rebels are condemned. Gower recounts the events of the revolt in "the form of a personal nightmare". Both Visio and Chronica "represent a thorough re-creation of historical events, reordered and recombined so as to fulfill the poet's own artistic vision and political purpose." Cornelius remarked that "Visio Anglie is distinguished from [other] chronicles, however, by Gower's unbridled fictive imagination, beside which the inventions of Walsingham and Froissart appear tame." Wickert divides Book I into three sections:
 * Beast Vision (Chapters 2-12 ;first week of June)
 * Troy Vision (Chapters 13–15; 13–14 June)
 * Ship Vision and Epilogue (Chapters 16–21; 13–15 June)

Prologue
Gower provides a traditional prologue by stating the author, subject and purpose. Wickert traced this back to Honorius of Autun's commentary on the Song of Solomon. The author is identified by a cryptogram. Purpose and subject are covered by: For I shall write nothing in order that I might be praised, and my performance does not intend that I should have a care for my future reputation. I shall enter the recent misfortunes that my country has exhibited, for it is a worthy labor to report the deeds of one's native land. Wickert made several comments about the Prologue and Chapter 1. This is followed by a twelve line passage with several references to tears. The passage is emotional but only in the antepenultimate line does the word timor (fear) appear. "Thus Gower establishes an important coupling of sorrow and fear for the entire vision". Chapter One begins with a description of a spring day and seques into darkness where the dream begins. The daylight start is in the literary tradition of early Chaucer and others. In Biblical tradition, bad news tends to arrive at night. Therefore, Gower was obliged to dream by night.

Beast Vision (Chapters 2–12; first week of June)
The revolting peasants are transformed into asses, oxen, swine, dogs, cats, foxes, birds, flies and frogs. The typical model in Chapters 2–6 is that the rabble are transformed into rebellious domestic animals. These animals neglect their normal role of pulling a plow or pursuing a stag. There are usually references to classical animals of that species such as the bulls of Colchis and Minos. There may be one especially fearsome individual such as fire-breathing boar of Chapter 4. The animals have insatiate hunger and terrify people. Exodus 8 supplied the frogs and flies. Chapters 9 and 11 associate specific animals, such as the jackdaw, with the leaders of the revolt. Chapter 10 predicts universal ruin. The rebellious peasants are equated to the companions of Ulysses who were transformed to beasts by Circe. Isaiah is incorrectly cited as the source of Gog and Magog, rather than Ezekiel. The arms borne by the rebels are detailed in Chapter 12.

Novak is more sympathetic to the peasants than was Gower. She observes that the revolt was predicted in Book Five, Chapter 9. Some other chroniclers of the Revolt such as Froissart and Henry Knighton gave voice to the rebels. Wat Tyler "speaks out of character, as an enemy to his own cause" in Chapter 9. "Gower cannot enter into their characters any more than he can write a speech for a pig or a goose."

Wickert summarized the Beast Vision: Both the individuality and the limitation of Gower's talent are shown in the Beast Vision. Describing the Peasants' Revolt as an animal uprising could have been a significant artistic achievement. Only the rebelling peasants become animals. The free men do not. For this and other reasons this vision is not a beast allegory. Man without reason sins against the divine and natural order; thus a social revolution is also a rebellion against a divine institution. The rebels are possessed by demons and thus condemned to eternal damnation. "Gower is not writing a class critique, ... but a harsh condemnation which divinely sanctions every action against the peasantry. This is understandable ... but in no way accords with the attitude that Gower adopts in the following books of the Vox Clamantis and in Mirrour de l'Omne.

Troy Vision (Chapters 13-15; 13–14 June)
The legend of Britain's founding by Brutus of Troy was known to Gower's readers. Three important people are hidden behind Trojan figures (Queen Mother=Hecuba; Richard II=Priam; Archbishop Simon Sudbury=Helenus). Gower suggests that New Troy (Britain) might share the fate of the historic Troy. Chapter 14 contains an accurate description of the beheading of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Trojan image is abandoned in Chapter 15 which emphasizes the rapacity of the peasants. There is some exaggeration particularly when Gower falsely claims: "in their madness they reckoned a church and a brothel as one and the same.".

Ship Vision (Chapters 16-19; 13–15 June)
Chapter 17 introduces the ship as a metaphor for the Tower where the royal party had sought refuge. Wickert observed that the prayer to Christ is a substitute for a classical invocation to Neptune when starting a voyage. The ship is not particularly safe as it is beset by violent storms. The description of the storm and the panic of the captain draws heavily upon the account of Ceyx and Alycone told in Ovid's Metamorphoses,  A Christian prayer follows which is answered in the next chapter. Chapter 19 describes the bloody end of Wat. In Chapter 20, the drifting ship finally arrives in a harbor which is "more oppressive than Scylla". The dreamer meets an old man who has a rather pessimistic view of lawless, quarrelsome Britain.

Wickert offers several reasons for abandoning the Troy metaphor. Most obvious is that Aeneas and his descendant Brutus came to a much better end than did the city of Troy. She supplies other examples of the ship as metaphor for the state especially the poem "Seldom seen is soon forgot" In this poem Edward III and his son steer the ship, the Duke of Lancaster is the hull and the common people provide the mast. Chapter 18 introduces a monster worse than Scylla and Charybdis. The dreamer reflects that his sufferings were caused by his own sin. Wickert observes that this is the Augustinian view of the prodigal son. The City of God Book XI section 28 expresses this view. Wickert observes: "The idea of peace as the unrealized and unrealizable longing of the poet suffuses the entire Visio. It is expressed by pax, concodia, amor. The dreamer yearns for peace but a celestial voice advises him to stoically accept perpetual strife on this world. This yearning for peace cannot be satisfied because for the Christian author the soul can never find peace in this world. Not can he find peace in the sense of John 14:27 and 16:33. What Gower has the heavenly voice say is strikingly inadequate and can in no way stand as a solution to the problem.".

Epilogue (Chapter 21)
The dreamer awakens, he thanks God and Mary. The revolting oxen of Chapter 3 have returned to their yokes. Further revolts are predicted. The dreamer apologizes for the length of the dream and says he is compelled to write it all down.

Book II Prologue
Macaulay observes this is a short prologue to the following books. Gower argues that the problems of the day are the result of sin rather than fortune. Man should have faith and accept its divine order. Hodgson observed the complaints presented in Books III through V are not original. Wyclif and others made these complaints about the three estates throughout the 14th century. Chaucer, William Langland and Gower presented stock material in poetic form.

Book III Clergymen
The conduct of various clergymen especially prelates including the pope is criticized. Priests are also accused of misconduct. Of the 29 chapters only Chapter 27 states that some priests have honour. Fisher made two comments on Book Three. The fact that the shortcomings of the clerics themselves receive such disproportionate attention in the Vox is merely another evidence of its clerical audience. Fisher compared the criticism of Book III with similar passages in Mirour. The tone here is "much more legalistic". The remedy is to subject the clergy to the laws of laymen.

Book IV Religious Orders
Book IV deals with the failings of various religious orders including monks, Canons regular, nuns, and mendicant friars. Hodgson observes that Chaucer's Friar Huberd in GP 208-269 manages to commit all the sins described by Gower in Chapters 16–23. Chapter 5 begins with the commonplace: "The sea is the proper habitat of a live fish, and the monastery is the right home for a monk." Contrast with description of the Monk in General Prologue 177-81:
 * He yaf not of the text not a pulled hen
 * That saith that hunters been not holy men,
 * Ne that a monk, whan he is reccheless,
 * Is likened til a fish that is waterless
 * (This is to sayn, a monk out of his cloistre);

Book V Knights, Peasant & Townsmen
Knights, peasants and town-dwellers are discussed here. The first chapter looks back to past when a knight performed his deeds for justice rather than for fame. Several chapters condemn knights who are dominated by love for single women. Condemnation of courtly love which Gower considers adulterous is deferred to Book VII. Chapter 6 begins with a paragraph in praise of good women but segues into a long condemnation of bad women. Chapters 7 and 8 return to praise of the good knight who defends other classes and acts for honor rather than love, money or fame.

Agricultural workers are criticized in Chapters 9 and 10 as lazy, greedy and complaining. Stockton notes Gower reworked Genesis 3:19 to obtain "O sinner, the sweat and toil of the world be thine; in them shalt thou eat thy bread." Gower argues for divinely ordained labour as alternative to the popular verse:
 * When Adam delved and Eve span,
 * Who was then the gentleman?

Chapter 9 contains the passage which foreshadows the Revolt of 1381. The unruly serf is compared to a weed in a field of grain. "Unless it is struck down first, the peasant race strikes against freemen, no matter what nobility or worth they possess.". Like weeds they should be removed.

Wickert observes: "Of course, one does not expect sympathies for the agricultural worker, be he bound or free, in a country squire of the time -- even before the Peasants' Revolt." Subsequent chapters decry the sins of urban workers and money lenders. Novak counted fifty chapters discussing faults of the clergy versus five chapters on workers. Chapter 15 begins with a condemnation of a mayor who "kindles malice among his fellow citizens". John Northampton who "was popular with the poorer classes" is the most probable object of Gower's disapprobation. The final chapter censors the talebearer who "utters many slanders in abuse of people".

Book VI Lawyers & Advice for a Prince
The first three chapters are a condemnation of lawyers. Stockton observed: "Chapter 2, which is written with real feeling, ironically places Gower on the same side as the peasants, who hated lawyers and attacked them in the Great Revolt." Scholars are divided on how Gower obtained his legal knowledge. His translator observed: "The first four chapters of Book VI should effectively dispose of the conjecture that Gower was a lawyer. He condemns them uncompromisingly." Meindl argues that Gower only condemns false lawyers. Fisher observes that Gower "emphasizes legal justice and regal responsibility".

What Wickert calls the "Mirror for a Prince" runs from Chapter 7 to Chapter 18. Much of the advice is created from contemporary truisms and thus not need a systematic foundation. The king must govern himself and be governed by law. Much of the advice is a conventional catalog of virtues. The damage to a kingdom which can be inflicted by a wicked leader is discussed in Chapter 7. The pleas for justice lacks conceptual clarity and is permeated with ideas from the Bible and Cicero's De re publica Bad counsel from elders given to the boy king was condemned in the first version. The final version blames youthful comrades instead. Ayers asserts the praise of the Black Prince's foreign exploits in Chapter 13 contradicts the notion of Gower as a pacifist follower of Christ. Fisher takes a more balanced view than Ayers. The account of the earlier English successes on the Continent takes on a heroic ring, but Gower concludes that the Black Prince's real accomplishment was that he kept the peace at home: “The land was quiet under that great prince; no sword terrorized those whom his hand protected”. So, while “there is a time for war and a time for peace”, love is a king's best weapon: “Omnia vincit amor, amor est defensio regis”.

The original version (A-text) of Book VI held the boy king blameless for the problems of the kingdom. Gower uses the phrase "high court" which Fisher interprets as a reference to Arundel and the Suffolk. When Chronica Tripertita was added in 1397, the introduction and the conclusion  were extensively revised. "The King always had an obdurate heart" is the foundation of the revisions. The king is accused of erratic application of the law.

Book VII 1-8 Sundry Sins
This sermonizing summary of the preceding five books begins with a reinterpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a statue (Daniel 2:31-44) comprising gold, brass, iron and clay segments. In Chapter 2 Gower associates the iron of the statue with misers. A rich man who lacks charity is condemned. The Chapter 3 associates clay with lechery. Stockton observes this is the only place where courtly love (a major theme in Confessio) is mentioned in Vox. Chapter 8 introduces an idea which Fisher considers a major theme. Man as a "microcosm whose sin taints the cosmos" can be traced back to fourth Lateran Council. This theme first appears in Mirour.

Book VII 9-19 Seven Deadly Sins & Decay of a Corpse
Chapters 9-17 associate different aspects of the decay of a corpse with the seven deadly sins. The mediation on death which occurs in chapters 9-19 is unusual in medieval literature. Wickert knows of only one other example. The personal and social benefits of righteousness are discussed in Chapters 21 & 22. Chapter 23 summarizes this treatise on the worldly estates.

Book VII 24-25 Patriotic Conclusion
Gower's "deep love for England" is displayed in Chapter 24. He laments the nations's decay due to sin. Chapter 25 is the author's apology. The contents are attributed to the "voice of the people" rather than the author's ideas. The A-text ended with:
 * I am worse than all men; but may the founder
 * of the world grant me relief through a priest. Amen

The B-text replaces this couplet with a prose transition to Cronica Tripertita. Macaulay observed that conclusion has been altered to be a fitting form of introduction for the Chronica Tripertita which comes in as an appendix added in later years.

Chronica Tripertita
Chronica Tripertita is a 1,062 line Latin poem in leonine hexameter. It was published in the manuscripts of Wickert's B-text. Fisher summarizes the content as "Lancastrian propaganda under the guise of history. Three parts deal with different historical events.

The first part treats the events of 1387-88 (Merciless Parliament). "Instead of calling his historical personages by name, Gower follows the literary convention of using heraldic terms, especially those based upon the names of birds and animals." "the King's party are throughout called greedy, treacherous plotters, and the Appellants model Englishmen."

The second part skips to 1397 where Richard exacted his revenge.

The final parts describes the events of 1399 when Henry supplanted Richard as king. "Gower ... approaches his material directly, with no allegory in his way."

Explication
Vox Clamantis in Deserto ("A voice of one crying in the wilderness") alludes to the Vulgate translation of the Gospel of Mark and of the Gospel of John  (where the voice is that of John the Baptist), quoting the Book of Isaiah. The account of this sermon in Luke 3:1-14 provided the outline for Gower's original Vox Clamantis (without Visio).

Translations

 * verse, Books II-VII omitted

 * prose, includes Chronica Tripertita
 * verse, Book VI only
 * The Norton Anthology Introduction Online Books III-V (abridged)

title: Vox Clamantis


text:
Newcastle railway station

Newcastle station (also known as Newcastle Central and locally as Central Station) is a railway station in Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom. It is located on the East Coast Main Line, around 432 km north of London King's Cross. It is the primary national rail station serving Newcastle upon Tyne and is an interchange for local services provided by the Tyne and Wear Metro network whose Central Station is situated beneath the national rail station. It is the busiest station in Tyne & Wear, as well as the busiest in North East England.

The main line serving the station is the East Coast Main Line from London to Edinburgh via Berwick and Newcastle. TransPennine Express maintains a frequent service to Liverpool and Manchester, and CrossCountry provides services to the West Midlands and South West of England. The station is also on the Durham Coast Line which provides commuter connections to Gateshead, Sunderland, Hartlepool, Stockton, and Middlesbrough. Additionally, the station is served by the Tyne Valley Line to Hexham and Carlisle. Direct destinations from the station include London, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Durham, York, Darlington, Bristol, Reading, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Coventry, Leicester, Derby, Nottingham, Hull, Southampton, Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Plymouth.

The station opened in August 1850, as part of the then Newcastle & Carlisle Railway and York, Newcastle & Berwick Railway. Now a Grade I listed building, it is located in the city's Grainger Town area, to the west of the Castle Keep. In Simon Jenkins' Britain's 100 Best Railway Stations, the station was one of only ten to be awarded five stars.

Conception
A scheme for a central station was proposed by Richard Grainger and Thomas Sopwith in 1836 but was not built.

The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway had agreed to relinquish their insistence on exclusively using their Redheugh terminus on the south bank of the River Tyne. They agreed with George Hudson on a general station north of the Tyne, near the Spital. Instead of crossing the Tyne by a low level bridge and climbing to the Spital by a rope-worked incline, they would build an extension crossing at Scotswood and approaching on the north bank. They opened this line and a temporary station at Forth, and passenger trains started using that on 1 March 1847.

Hudson, known as the "Railway King" was concentrating on connecting his portfolio of railways so as to join Edinburgh with the English network. His Newcastle and Berwick Railway obtained its authorising Act of Parliament in 1845, but for the time being it was to use the Newcastle and North Shields Railway's station at Carliol Square. Building a crossing of the Tyne was obviously going to be a lengthy process, so that he gave the construction of the general station a low priority. The Tyne crossing became the High Level Bridge.

In February 1846 the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway exerted pressure for the general station to be built, and the architect John Dobson was appointed by Hudson to design it, in association with the engineer T E Harrison, and Robert Stephenson. Gibson Kyle was clerk of works. By now the general alignment of Hudson's railways was becoming clear: a main line from the south via Gateshead would approach over the High Level Bridge and enter the general station from the east; the Newcastle and Berwick line would be extended from Carliol Square and also enter from the east; through trains from London to Scotland would reverse in the new station. Newcastle and Carlisle Railway trains would of course enter from the west.

A definite design
Dobson produced general plans for the station, now being referred to as the Central station, on a broad curve to front Neville Street so as to accommodate the alignment of the approaching railways at east and west. It was to a "Romano-Italien design with ornamental work of the Doric order". Two through platform lines were shown, with three west end bays and two at the east end. There were to be three trainshed roofs with spans of 60 feet. Extensive offices as well as refreshment facilities were shown, and there was to be a covered carriage drive on the Neville Street side extending from the porte-cochère at each end.

On 7 August 1847 a contract was let for the main part of the work to Mackay and Blackstock, for £92,000. A considerable amount of groundworks was necessary on the large site prior to the actual building work.

The work did not progress speedily, and in 1849 Hudson's collection of railway companies suffered a financial shock. At a time of more difficult trading and a tighter money market, Hudson's personal dealings were exposed as shady. The York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway had been formed by merger of the previous smaller companies, and the YN&BR wished to reduce the financial commitment to the Central Station substantially; hotel accommodation and the covered carriage drive were eliminated. One of the through platforms was also removed from the plan.

As built the site covered three acres and the length of the platform faces was 830 yards.

Inaugurated by the Queen
The trainshed proved faster to construct and on 29 August 1850 Queen Victoria visited the station by train and formally opened it. The day was declared a public holiday in Newcastle. The following day YN&BR trains were diverted into it.

The trainshed was, jointly with the Lime Street station in Liverpool, the first to be designed and built in Britain using curved wrought iron ribs to support an arched roof. The large section of the ribs was fabricated using curved web plates specially rolled using bevelled rolls; the novel technique was created by Thomas Charlton of Hawks Crawshay, and was estimated to have saved 14% on the cost of the roof ironwork, compared with cutting rectilinear plates to the curve.

The station was lit by gas; a demonstration of electric arc-lighting was made, but was not at that date a practical possibility for the large station space. The platforms were positioned 15 inches above rail level.

The station was shared from the beginning by the Newcastle and North Shields Railway, which abandoned its earlier terminus at Carliol Square to the east which had operated since 1839. The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway started using Central station from 1 January 1851, and also abandoned its earlier terminus at Forth.

In 1861 the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway had already merged with others to form the North Eastern Railway, and now it was desired to amalgamate with the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway too. The Corporation of Newcastle used the opportunity of the necessary Parliamentary Bill for the amalgamation to insist on construction of the abandoned porte-cochère, and this was designed by Thomas Prosser and completed in 1863.

Expansion of the station
In the 1860s the passenger train service was increasing considerably, especially as branch lines opened, six platforms were increased to nine in 1871 and to twelve in 1877, and then to fifteen in 1894: an additional through island platform was provided in 1871, occupying space formerly in use for stabling carriages. Increase in traffic continued, as also increasing train lengths and it was clear that a major extension of the station was essential. Newcastle had been given city status in 1882 and was supportive of the work, seeing it as a civic improvement. Forth Street was displaced southwards and two new trainshed roofs covered a southward extension of the station; in addition a large expansion to the east took place, with additional bay platforms there on the north side of the former bays. The original through track was blocked to form east and west bays, so that there were still only three through platform lines. This work was completed in 1894.

The new group of bay platforms at the east end had their own concourse quadrangle, known at the time as the "Tynemouth Square". There was a separate booking hall for those local services. At this stage the roof covered seven and a half acres in area; there were fifteen platforms with a length of 3,000 yards.

Killingworth Billy
In 1901 an early steam locomotive was on display at the station:

"[The station] is further graced by a pedestal on which stands a curious old locomotive rejoicing in the name of 'Billy'. The true early history of 'Billy' is well-nigh veiled in the mists of antiquity, and it was only by diligent enquiry that Mr Holliday, the Station Master, was able to learn a little of her antecedents. That 'she' was constructed as far back as 1824 – 1826 is however certain, and on that score alone she is entitled to an introduction to such of the readers of the Railway Magazine as have until now been unaware of her existence. For about fifty-five years (until 1879) she performed good service, first at the Springwell, and latterly at the Killingworth colliery, from which place she actually steamed into Newcastle in 1881 to celebrate George Stephenson's Centenary."

An image of the locomotive in Bywell's article is captioned "Puffing billy" but it is not Puffing Billy of 1814, which is currently on display at the Science Museum in London.

The locomotive in Bywell's article is known simply as Billy (Built in 1826). It was presented to Newcastle upon Tyne Corporation for preservation in 1881. Initially it was displayed on a plinth at the north end of the High Level Bridge, but was moved to the interior of Newcastle Central Station in 1896; it remained there until 1945, when it was moved to the city's Museum of Science and Industry; it was moved again in 1981 to the Stephenson Railway Museum in nearby North Shields, where it is still on display.

The early history of the locomotive is uncertain; it is probably a George Stephenson locomotive, and was probably built at Killingworth Colliery workshops around 1815–1820.

The twentieth century
In 1900 the North Eastern Railway started replacing the gas lighting in the station with electric arc equipment. Further use of electricity came from 1904 when several suburban lines were electrified using the third rail system, to form the Tyneside Electrics system, electric trains were introduced, using Central Station from 1 July 1904. The tracks on platforms 1 to 6 were equipped with electrified third rails, and platform 7 was later electrified to handle electric trains to South Shields.

Another major development came on 1 October 1906 when the King Edward VII Bridge was opened, crossing the Tyne to the south-west of the station: Since 1850 East Coast Main Line trains had entered Newcastle from the south via the High Level Bridge to the south-east, this meant however that they had to reverse in order to continue their journey, which lengthened journey times and led to congestion at the busy junction east of the station. The four-track King Edward Bridge remedied this by allowing north–south trains to leave or enter from either side of the station. The triangular junction at the Gateshead side also allowed for greater flexibility, allowing trains from Sunderland to use the new bridge if necessary.

In 1909, Central station became Newcastle's only major city-centre station when the former Blyth and Tyne Railway's terminus at Newcastle New Bridge Street was closed, and its trains diverted to Central station via a new connection to Manors station.

Metro station
The Tyne and Wear Metro system opened in 1980, taking over and improving many of the Tyneside suburban routes that had declined under British Railways management. The underground Central Station for Metro trains was constructed during the late 1970s underneath the main line station, and opened in 1981. Part of the porte-cochère was temporarily dismantled while excavation work took place. The Metro system was a considerable success; Many conventional rail services were transferred there, and several of the east end bays were closed and converted to car parking and other usage. The Carlisle line was diverted in 1982 to enter Newcastle over the King Edward Bridge of 1906, and a large out-of-town shopping development, the Metro Centre, was opened with a station on that line in 1987. The changing pattern of railway services meant that terminating trains were significantly fewer and through trains had increased. The emphasis on bay platforms at the station was no longer appropriate.

The opportunity was taken in conjunction with the East Coast Main Line electrification scheme, inaugurated in 1991 by British Rail, to extend the station southwards to provide more through platforms. This encroached on to land occupied by through tracks previously used by goods trains, which had seen little use since the withdrawal of many goods services in the 1960s. A new island platform was provided, built around the southern wall of the station. The two platform faces are divided so as to provide four numbered platforms, 5 to 8, generally used for local trains.

Train services
Newcastle is a principal stop on the East Coast Main Line. The station is operated by London North Eastern Railway.

London North Eastern Railway
London North Eastern Railway provides high-speed inter-city services southbound every half-hour to London (one fast, one semi-fast) as well as a half-hourly service to Edinburgh. One service is also provided each evening Monday - Friday from Newcastle to Sunderland.

Rolling stock used: Class 800s, Class 801s
 * 2 Trains per Hour northbound to Edinburgh Waverley with one being non-stop, and the other calling at Berwick-upon-Tweed. Extra services at peak times to Edinburgh also call at Morpeth, Alnmouth and Dunbar. At weekends, all daytime services arriving from London continue to Edinburgh.
 * 4 services are extended daily to Aberdeen
 * 1 service is extended daily to Glasgow Central
 * 1 service is extended daily to Inverness
 * 1 service is extended daily to Stirling
 * southbound to London King's Cross;
 * 1 semi-fast service calling at Durham, Darlington, Northallerton, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate, Peterborough and other stations on the ECML at peak times with a journey time of approximately 3 hours 20 minutes.
 * 1 fast service calling at Darlington and York only with a journey time of 2 hours 50 minutes.
 * 1 fast service calling at Darlington and York only with a journey time of 2 hours 50 minutes.

Flying Scotsman

 * early-morning service, the Flying Scotsman is operated by LNER, it originates at Edinburgh Waverley, and terminates at London King's Cross. It calls at Newcastle only between these two stations, and arrives at London King's Cross at 09.40; no corresponding northbound service is provided as of 2024.

Rolling stock used: Class 800s, Class 801s

CrossCountry
CrossCountry operates services north into Scotland, supplementing London North Eastern Railway services, and southbound there are two trains per hour to the CrossCountry hub at Birmingham New Street, from where they extend towards the South West and South Coast. Rolling stock used: Class 220s, Class 221s
 * 1 tph to Edinburgh Waverley, with 1 tpd continuing to Glasgow Central, and 1 tpd continuing to Aberdeen.
 * 1 tph to Plymouth via Leeds, Birmingham New Street and Bristol Temple Meads, with 2 tpd continuing to Penzance.
 * 4 tpd to Reading via Doncaster, Birmingham New Street and Oxford.

TransPennine Express
Newcastle is a terminus for TransPennine Express services to and from Manchester and also sees services from Liverpool call at the station heading towards Edinburgh.

With the electrification of the Manchester to Liverpool Line, from May 2014 a new timetable was introduced which is made up an hourly express service between Newcastle and Liverpool via Leeds and Manchester reducing journey times to Liverpool to three hours as part of the Northern Hub scheme. Services to Leeds/York are also supplemented by London North Eastern Railway and CrossCountry.
 * southbound to Liverpool Lime Street calling at Chester-le-Street, Durham, Darlington, Northallerton, York, Leeds, Huddersfield Manchester Victoria, Lea Green and Newton-Le-Willows.
 * northbound to Edinburgh Waverley calling at Morpeth, Alnmouth, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Reston, Dunbar and East Linton
 * northbound to Edinburgh Waverley calling at Morpeth, Alnmouth, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Reston, Dunbar and East Linton

Rolling stock used: Class 802 bi-mode multiple units

Northern Trains
Northern Trains operates a number of commuter and regional services :
 * northbound on the East Coast Main Line to Cramlington and Morpeth with services extended to Chathill at peak hours (except Sundays).
 * southbound along the Durham Coast Line to Middlesbrough calling at Heworth, Sunderland, Seaham, Hartlepool, Seaton Carew, Billingham, Stockton and Thornaby. Extended most hours to Nunthorpe in order to serve James Cook railway station at James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough.
 * westbound on the Tyne Valley Line to Carlisle calling at MetroCentre, Prudhoe, Hexham, Haydon Bridge, Haltwhistle, Brampton and others at alternate hours.
 * westbound slow service on the Tyne Valley Line to Hexham calling at Dunston, MetroCentre, Blaydon, Wylam, Prudhoe, Stocksfield, Riding Mill, Corbridge and terminating at Hexham. Extended to Carlisle at peak hours.

Rolling stock used: Class 156 and Class 158 diesel multiple units

Lumo
Open-access operator Lumo provides services northbound to Morpeth and Edinburgh Waverley, and southbound to Stevenage and London Kings Cross.

Rolling stock used: Class 803

Proposed Northumberland Line to Ashington
Proposals to reintroduce passenger rail services between Newcastle Central Station and the communities of south east Northumberland have been discussed since the 1990s. In the early 2010s, Northumberland County Council became interested in the proposals, commissioning Network Rail to complete the first study into the feasibility of the scheme in June 2013. This was followed by a more detailed study, commissioned in June 2015, which confirmed that the reintroduction of a frequent seven-day-a-week passenger service between Newcastle Central and Ashington was feasible and could provide economic benefits of £70million with more than 380,000 people using the line each year by 2034.

Despite a change in the political leadership of Northumberland County Council following the 2017 local elections the authority continued to develop the project, encouraged by the Department for Transport's November 2017 report, A Strategic Vision for Rail, which named the line as a possible candidate for a future reintroduction of passenger services. More detailed plans were announced in July 2019 which would have split the project into four phases to reduce the initial cost of the scheme. The initial phase, at an estimated £90million, would have seen the creation of new or reopened National Rail stations at Northumberland Park (for interchange with the Tyne and Wear Metro), Newsham, Bedlington and Ashington and several other infrastructure upgrades undertaken to allow an hourly passenger train to be provided between them and Newcastle. Two further stations, at Seaton Delaval and Blyth Bebside were to be added in Phase 2 and other infrastructure upgrades would follow in Phases 3 and 4 to enable the frequency to be doubled to half-hourly. In August 2020, it was reported that these four proposed phases might be merged into a single one.

The Department for Transport allocated an initial grant of £1.5million towards the project costs in January 2020 which was supplemented by an allocation of £10million of funds from Northumberland County Council the following month. This funding enabled detailed on-site ground investigation works to begin in October 2020. The allocation of a further £34million of UK Government funding for the project in January 2021 enables the necessary land to be purchased, detailed designs to be prepared and some early preparatory and site works to begin. In January 2021, it was anticipated that the UK Government would fund the remainder of the project cost, estimated at £166million as of January 2021, once the final phase of design works were completed. However, in April 2021, it was reported that government officials were seeking to reduce the cost of the project as part of the Department for Transport's Project SPEED initiative. It was reported that the cost-saving measures under consideration included and cutting initial service frequencies from two to one trains per hour and dropping the proposed Blyth Bebside station from initial project scope (although the latter option was later publicly ruled out by Minister for Railways Chris Heaton-Harris).

Northumberland County Council submitted a Transport and Works Act Order application to the Secretary of State for Transport Grant Shapps on 26 May 2021, under which they would be conferred certain additional powers deemed necessary for the new stations to be constructed and the line upgraded to carry regular passenger services. It is anticipated that the main construction phase might begin as early as June 2022, enabling an opening date in 2024.

Layout and platforms
The station currently has 11 operational platforms.

 * Platform 1: A bay platform facing east, serving terminating Northern Trains services from the East Coast Main Line. Following the May 2019 timetable change, this platform is used less frequently, as most Northern Trains services from Morpeth now continue west along the Tyne Valley line.
 * Platform 2: The main through platform for CrossCountry and LNER services heading north along the East Coast Main Line towards Edinburgh Waverley.
 * Platforms 3 & 4: The main through platforms for CrossCountry services heading towards Sheffield, Birmingham New Street, the South West and the South Coast, and LNER services heading south along the East Coast Main Line towards London King's Cross. These platforms are also (less frequently) used by services heading north along the East Coast Main Line, as well as by services terminating at Newcastle.
 * Platforms 5–8: The four platforms all share the newer island platform, mainly used by Northern Trains services heading west along the Tyne Valley line towards Hexham and Carlisle, and east along the Durham Coast Line towards Sunderland, Hartlepool and Middlesbrough.
 * Platforms 9–11: Three bay platforms facing west. Platforms 9 & 10 are used by Northern Trains services heading west along the Tyne Valley line. Platform 11 is used by CrossCountry services towards Birmingham New Street, the South West and the South Coast and TransPennine Express services towards Liverpool Lime Street railway station and Manchester stations.

The former Platform 12 was mainly used by CrossCountry services terminating at Newcastle. It was closed in May 2023 to allow track and signalling modifications which enabled longer trains to occupy the adjacent platform 11.

Station redevelopment
Plans were revealed on 30 April 2013 for a major redevelopment, including an £8.6million project to regenerate the inside of the station, and a further £11.4million to develop the area surrounding the station. The portico redevelopment was completed in April 2014.

The redevelopment plans contained a number of changes, including:

 * New retail space in the portico area, which was glazed to provide weather protection as well as retail units replacing the existing ticket office and travel centre. This double the previous retail space to make it equivalent to that of  King's Cross Station.
 * The travel centre and ticket office were reduced in size and relocated to the area beyond the Sainsbury's Local store.
 * Improved toilet facilities.
 * Clearer signage.
 * Increased covered cycle-park space.
 * A simpler layout that is claimed to accentuate the grade one listed architecture including the Castle Keep. The line of sight across the concourse was also improved.
 * Sand-blasting of the walls and new lighting were fitted.
 * Previous access points to the station were moved to make it easier to enter and leave the station.
 * Improved waiting rooms.
 * Alteration to the existing bridge structure.
 * New lifts and escalators.
 * New glazed canopies.

The redevelopment plan also included a number of changes to the area surrounding the station, including:

 * New taxi rank to the east side of the former portico.
 * A two-way cycle track at the west end of Neville Street.
 * Change of traffic flow patterns to ease congestion.
 * Pedestrian crossings on Neville Street and Grainger Street.
 * Pedestrianisation of the car-park space outside the Centurion Pub.
 * Wider footways and pavement cafes outside the station.

The work began in May 2013 and was completed during April 2014 by Miller Construction. The station operated as normal throughout the works. The £8.6million funding for the internal station work was provided by the Department for Transport's Station Commercial Project Facility Fund. The external works were jointly funded by NE1, Regional Growth Fund and Newcastle City Council.

Writing in his 2017 book Britain's 100 Best Stations, British journalist and author Sir Simon Jenkins described the glazing of the portico and its conversion to retail usage as a “disaster” and ”thoughtless”, saying “What had been epic became anaemic.”

In 2021, a restoration of disused toilet facilities near platform 12, thought to date back to the 1890s, was completed.

Railway infrastructure
Trains cross the River Tyne on one of two bridges. The older High Level Bridge south-east of the station, designed by Robert Stephenson opened on 27 September 1849. Its location meant north–south trains had to reverse in the station to continue their journey. The King Edward VII Bridge south-west of the station opened on 10 July 1906 allowing north–south trains to continue without reversing. The two bridges enable the trackwork north and south of the river to form a complete circle, allowing trains to be turned if necessary. The former Gateshead depot, next to the connecting tracks on the south side of the Tyne, mirrored Newcastle station.

The station was noted for its complex set of diamond crossings to the east of the station which facilitated access to the High Level Bridge and northbound East Coast Main Line and was said to be the greatest such crossing in the world. The crossing was the subject of many early-1900s post cards, titled The Largest Railway Crossing in the World, photographed from the castle (towards the station), or from the station towards the castle.

The crossing has been simplified in recent years as the opening of the Metro brought about the withdrawal of many heavy-rail suburban services and the closure of the bay platforms they operated from on the north side of the station removing the need for such a complex crossing. Much of this work was carried out in 1988–1989 as part of remodelling and resignalling work associated with ECML electrification. A new island platform on the former goods lines was commissioned as part of this work, with signalling control relocated to the Tyneside IECC on the opposite side of the river. Heaton depot is to the north of the station, on the East Coast Main Line.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 17 August 1951, two electric multiple units experienced a head-on collision after one of them departed against a danger signal. Two people were killed.
 * On 19 April 1955, a collision occurred between V2 locomotive 60968 and Fairburn tank locomotive No. 42085 on the diamond crossings. Both locomotives were derailed.
 * On 3 July 1961, there was a significant fire inside the station building. The fire, having started in a cable duct at the peak of rush hour, saw the station's new signalling system put out of operation, delaying main line trains. Nearly 10,000 square feet of the station's roof was destroyed, but luckily no one was hurt.

Tyne & Wear Metro
Newcastle station is located above Central metro station on the Tyne and Wear Metro, one of five underground stations serving the city centre. Central is an interchange between the Yellow and Green lines, and is the last stop prior to crossing the River Tyne towards Gateshead.

title: Newcastle railway station


text:
Medical examiner

The medical examiner is an appointed official in some American jurisdictions that investigates deaths that occur under unusual or suspicious circumstances, to perform post-mortem examinations, and in some jurisdictions to initiate inquests. They are necessarily trained in pathology.

In the US, there are two death investigation systems: first, the coroner system based on English law; and second, the medical examiner system, which evolved from the coroner system during the latter half of the 19th century. The type of system varies across jurisdictions, with over 2,000 separate jurisdictions for investigating unnatural deaths. In 2002, 22 states had a medical examiner system, 11 states had a coroner system, and 18 states had a mixed system. Since the 1940s, the medical examiner system has gradually replaced the coroner system and serves about 48% of the US population. The largest medical examiner's office in the United States is located in Baltimore, Maryland.

The coroner is not necessarily a medical doctor. They may be a lawyer or a layperson. In the 19th century, the public became dissatisfied with lay coroners and demanded that the coroner be replaced by a physician. In 1918, New York City introduced the office of the Chief Medical Examiner and appointed physicians experienced in the field of pathology. In 1959, the medical subspecialty of forensic pathology was formally certified.

The types of death reportable to the system are determined by federal, state, or local laws. Commonly, these include violent, suspicious, sudden, and unexpected deaths, death when no physician or practitioner was present or treating the decedent, inmates in public institutions, those in custody of law enforcement, deaths during or immediately following therapeutic or diagnostic procedures or deaths due to neglect.

Duties
A medical examiner's duties vary by location, but typically include:
 * investigating human organs like the stomach, liver, and brain
 * determining cause of death
 * examining the condition of the body
 * studying tissue, organs, cells, and bodily fluids
 * issuing death certificates
 * maintaining death records
 * responding to deaths in mass disasters
 * working closely with law enforcement
 * identifying unknown dead
 * performing other functions depending on local law.

In some jurisdictions, a coroner performs these and other duties. It is common for a medical examiner to visit crime scenes or to testify in court. Medical examiners specialize in forensic knowledge and rely on this during their work. In addition to studying cadavers, they are also trained in toxicology, DNA technology and forensic serology (blood analysis). Pulling from each area of knowledge, a medical examiner is an expert in determining a cause of death. This information can help law enforcement solve cases and is crucial to their ability to track criminals in the event of a homicide or other related events.

Within the United States, there is a mixture of coroner and medical examiner systems, and in some states, dual systems. The requirements to hold office vary widely between jurisdictions.

United Kingdom
In England and Wales, a new statutory Medical Examiner system based in NHS Acute Trusts commenced in 2019 and is expected to be fully operational several years later. A medical examiner is always a medical doctor, whereas a coroner is a judicial officer.

Pilot studies in Sheffield and seven other areas, which involved medical examiners looking at more than 27,000 deaths since 2008, found 25% of hospital death certificates were inaccurate and 20% of causes of death were wrong. Suzy Lishman, president of the Royal College of Pathologists, said it was crucial there was "independent scrutiny of causes of death".

United States
Qualifications for medical examiners in the US vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In Wisconsin, for example, some counties do not require individuals to have any special educational or medical training to hold this office. In most jurisdictions, a medical examiner is required to have a medical degree, although in many there is no requirement for specialized training in pathology. Other jurisdictions have stricter requirements, including additional education in pathology, law, and forensic pathology. Medical examiners are typically appointed officers.

Education
In the United States, medical examiners require extensive training in order to become experts in their field. After high school, the additional schooling may take 11–18 years. They must attend a college or university to earn a bachelor's degree sufficient for admission to medical school. Biology is usually the most common. A medical degree (MD or DO) is often required to become a medical examiner. To enter medical school, the MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test) is usually required after which medical school is another four years with the first two dedicated to academics and the rest of the two used to gain clinical experience.

To become experts in pathology, specifically, additional training is required after medical school. The first step is to complete pathological forensic training. This usually consists of anatomic and clinical pathology training which takes anywhere from four to five years to complete. After this, the physician may complete an anatomic pathology residency or a fellowship. Before practicing as a medical examiner, the physician must also become board certified through the American Board of Pathology.

Career
The general job outlook for medical examiners in the United States is considered to be excellent. Remuneration varies by location, but it is estimated to average between $105,000 and $500,000.

Shortage
In the United States, there are fewer than 500 board-certified forensic pathologists, but the National Commission on Forensic Science estimates the country needs 1,100–1,200 to perform the needed number of autopsies. The shortage is attributed to the nature of the work and the higher pay in other medical specialties. It has caused long delays in some states and resulted in fewer investigations and less thorough investigations in some cases.

title: Medical examiner


text:
River Clun

River Clun may refer to:
 * River Clun, Shropshire, a river in Shropshire and Herefordshire Counties, England
 * River Clun, South Wales, a tributary of the River Ely in the counties of Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales

title: River Clun


text: Category:Mass media in North Carolina

title: Category:Mass media in North Carolina