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Tav Falco's Panther Burns

Tav Falco's Panther Burns, sometimes shortened to (The) Panther Burns, is a rock band originally from Memphis, Tennessee, United States, led by Tav Falco. They are best known for having been part of a set of bands emerging in the late 1970s and early 1980s who helped nationally popularize the blending of blues, country, and other American traditional music styles with rock music among groups playing in alternative music and punk music venues of the time. The earliest and most renowned of these groups to imbue these styles with expressionist theatricality and primitive spontaneity were The Cramps, largely influenced by rockabilly music. Forming just after them in 1979, Panther Burns drew on obscure country blues music, Antonin Artaud's works like The Theater and Its Double, beat poetry, and Marshall McLuhan's media theories for their early inspiration. Alongside groups like The Cramps and The Gun Club, Panther Burns is also considered a representative of the Southern Gothic-tinged roots music revival scene.

After forming Tav Falco's Panther Burns and making their first recordings in Memphis, the group soon evolved as a rotating crew of additional musicians hailing mostly from Memphis, New York, and New Orleans. Falco moved Paris and later to Vienna, at which time he began working more with European musicians.

Background and early history
In 1977 and 1979, Alex Chilton, attracted by The Cramps' feral, flamboyant rockabilly style, had brought them to Memphis to record sessions he produced that were later released as Gravest Hits and Songs the Lord Taught Us. Chilton had initiated the development of a rockabilly and country-tinged alternative rock music scene in Memphis, beginning with his Cramps sessions and his off-kilter Like Flies on Sherbert sessions recorded in 1978 through August 1979, following a stint working in New York's CBGB punk scene as a solo artist after the breakup of Big Star. This New York period had somewhat converted him to a turbulent and chaotic "punk performance ethos", according to Ross Johnson, writing in The Memphis Flyer. The Cramps sessions were the catalysts inspiring some of the young musicians who eventually helped launch Panther Burns to first start performing in public. Future Panther Burns drummer Johnson first performed publicly in a group called The Yard Dogs led by Alex Chilton in the summer of 1978; he made his first recording session appearance on Like Flies on Sherbert, drumming and bantering off-the-cuff, comical lyrics to "Baron of Love". This Chilton album is sometimes panned in retrospective reviews today by writers expecting Big Star's chiming guitars and tight, power pop recordings, but at the time the album came out, it was praised by critic Robert Christgau and was influential among young Memphis alternative musicians breaking out of the late 1970s era of disco music and slick, mainstream radio rock and starting to create their own punk rock/garage music scene unrestrained by industry dogma.

Falco had focused his 1970s work on video and photographic documentation of blues performers and local culture in the Memphis area with fellow videographer Randall Lyon, in a partnership they called TeleVista Projects, Inc. Chilton, who first encountered Falco while Lyon and Falco were videotaping some of the Sherbert sessions, formally met Falco a couple of months later after witnessing his self-described "art-action happening" during an October 1978 Mud Boy and the Neutrons "Tennessee Waltz" event in Memphis, at which Falco, untrained in music theory, surprised the audience by blowing a police whistle and chainsawing a guitar on stage halfway through a haywire rendition of Lead Belly's "Bourgeois Blues".

Falco's association with Chilton and a small circle of record-collecting musicians helped deepen their shared, longstanding interest in the blues form. Chilton became inspired to work more with his blues and soul roots, after having temporarily been focused more on rockabilly and country music by the late 1970s. At the same time, The Memphis Flyer piece viewed the origin of Chilton's interest in forming the band as stemming from a desire to find "enthusiastic amateurs to play with" in Memphis, due to his recent exposure to Manhattan's budding punk music scene. "We were inept and offensive — just what Alex was looking for", wrote Johnson.

After Chilton completed the Like Flies on Sherbert recordings (for which Falco created some cover art graphics), Tav Falco's Panther Burns group was formed in February 1979 in Memphis by Falco (vocals, guitar) with Chilton (lead guitar/drums/backing vocals), Ross Johnson (drums), and Eric Hill (synthesizer). In the first couple of years Rick Ivy (trumpet), Jim Dickinson (piano), Vincent Wrenn (synthesizer), Ron Miller (bass), Jim Duckworth (guitar/drums), and Jim Sclavunos (drums), soon joined to play important roles. The group took its name from the Panther Burn plantation south of Greenville, Mississippi. The town, in turn, had taken the name in reference to a wild cat whose raids and nocturnal shrieks had so disturbed area residents in the 19th century that they set a canebrake on fire to keep it at bay after all attempts to trap or kill it had failed; the lore of the elusive animal shaking up a sleepy planters' hamlet appealed to the band.

The attention Chilton's early presence brought the band led to an increased interest in blues music, along with the already emerging Cramps-influenced rockabilly interest, in Memphis' alternative music scene at that time. Falco's initial inclusive approach of mixing enthusiastic players without formal musical training together with professional musicians was in tune with those of noted primitive experimenters Half Japanese and the 1970s East Village alternative music movement of performers like Talking Heads, James Chance and the Contortions, and Klaus Nomi in which visual artists and musicians formed bands together. In the beginning years of the band Falco told writers that because of his unschooled musical background, he represented "the possibility of anyone performing who wants to". Though confounding the expectations of some listeners, these musicians considered restoring a sense of unbridled enthusiasm to creative work to be more important than conforming to sterile, rigid industry standards, as reflected in the name choice for the small recording label moniker Falco soon adopted to release and co-release the group's future recordings: Frenzi.

Performance and recording notes
As interest in the band grew, Panther Burns soon played early gigs in Memphis and other cities, horrifying the host of a Memphis morning television talk show on which they performed. During the talk show performance, Lyon simultaneously encoded and transmitted an experimental, live, slow-scan feed to experimental artist groups OPEN SPACE in Victoria, Center for New Art Activities in New York, and RELAY in San Francisco. Falco explained to the disgusted host that the group was merely a "neo-rumorist orchestra" for a TeleVista experiment, creating what he termed an "anti-environment" to make visible cultural treasures and older, local performers overlooked in the daily environment by mainstream society and the establishment.

The band's early happening-styled, so-called "art-action" performances at downtown Memphis cotton lofts at the time frequently included waggish projected images, like the group's trademark burning panther image, trained on the musicians, harking back to Velvet Underground-era, psychedelic days of the 1960s. A screen-print artist since the 1970s, Falco promoted many of the early 1980s local live shows by using hand-screen-printed posters which band members and friends helped him create and paste around midtown Memphis. They performed many of these Memphis concerts at local new music dive The Well (later called Antenna Club) with other area bands of the period. They also opened for The Cramps and played double bills with The Gun Club during this period in cities including New Orleans, New York, and Los Angeles. In the early 1980s they performed in an anti-nuclear rally with Allen Ginsberg at The Peppermint Lounge in New York. Reactions to the cacophonous, disjointed, amateurish side of the group's early performances varied from enthusiasm to disparaging ridicule. In 1980, New Orleans writer Bunny Matthews, explaining that he enjoyed the group's ability to put its audience "through changes", drolly summed up the experience: "No one is ever going to attend a Panther Burns recital and leave with mixed feelings".

Behind the Magnolia Curtain, the group's first album, was recorded in 1981 and released on the British Rough Trade Records label in 1982. The album featured on some tracks, including "Bourgeois Blues", an appearance by a small, marching drum corps that included blues artist Jessie Mae Hemphill, who had participated in her grandfather's Northern Mississippi fife-and-drums groups as a child. The contrast between the strong, military beats of the drum corps dueling with Falco's occasionally out-of-sync vocals resulted in the wild, blues-rock chaos of songs on the album like the frenetic "Bourgeois Blues".

"We were thrown off quite a few stages during that period", wrote Johnson. "Though we initially enjoyed the effect we had on club audiences, somewhere along the way we tried to clean up our sound". The recording was followed by the slicker rockabilly revival style of Blow Your Top, without Chilton's participation, and in 1984, the Jim Dickinson-produced Sugar Ditch Revisited album was recorded, featuring a more subdued playing style by Chilton along with New Orleans bassist René Coman. That year, following a brief tour opening for The Clash before irritable college audiences impatient for the main act, Chilton stopped touring regularly with the group to resume his increasingly minimalist solo touring and recording career. Chilton's restrained, evolving solo style was beginning to diverge from his previously fiery, strident Panther Burns guitar style that had often featured reverb and feedback; however, he continued to produce several of their later albums.

Transition to less primitive performance style
Since the more refined productions of Sugar Ditch Revisited and 1987's The World We Knew, the band has concentrated less on raw, primitive sounds than in its early years. The group has developed into a combo working more with the feel and subtleties of the genres it explores, including tango and roots-oriented styles, with occasional forays into deranged, garage blues, as heard in Panther Phobia or in the frenzied guitar work performed in some of the 1980s and 1990s live shows by New Orleans musician George Reinecke, as also heard on Red Devil. The main constant in the varied work remains Falco's provocative vocals and wordplay.

Over the years, the group has recorded and toured with different lineups featuring a mix of energetic, alternative musicians working at times alongside seasoned rock and roll, soul, and jazz veterans to create its howling sounds, always centered around the presence of vocalist Falco. Panther Burns occasionally opened for major punk rock acts in the 1980s, appearing on double bills with some of their older heroes like Cordell Jackson, Jessie Mae Hemphill, and rockabilly great Charlie Feathers in the same time period, but usually headlined its own gigs at small clubs across the U.S., Canada, and Europe.

Venues the group has played at during its career have ranged from no-wave clubs in the East Village to New Jersey hardcore punk pits, music heritage festivals, alternative rock clubs, the Ottawa Bluesfest, Central Park Conservatory, and many others. In the early 2000s, the group began to play mostly in Europe due to Falco's relocation there. A 2006 minitour of Europe and the United States featured the main lineup from the previous several years performing with Falco: Roman drummer Giovanna Pizzorno with Parisians Grégoire Cat on guitar and Laurent Lo on bass.

Panther Burns have released a number of recordings through the years on indie rock labels like New Rose Records (France), In the Red, Au Go Go Records (Australia), Last Call Records (France), Triple X, Upstart, and Sympathy for the Record Industry. The band's recordings have included raucous, yet controlled studio albums produced by Chilton and sometimes Dickinson; a live 10th anniversary show album was produced in 1989 by longtime group guitarist Ron Easley, followed the next year by a studio album, Return of the Blue Panther, produced by former group bassist Coman. Coman, a jazz musician who leads The Iguanas rock group of New Orleans, recorded the album with guitarist Reinecke at the mixing board.

The group has also recorded a tango-oriented album, a live concert mini-album, and a lo-fi studio album with Doug Easley of Easley McCain Recording. Among the group's early recording engineers were Ardent Studios' John Hampton, as well as former Sun Records session musicians Stan Kessler and Roland Janes of Phillips Recording.

In August-September 2014, Falco recorded an album in Rome, Italy's Exit Studios. The album, titled Command Performance, was produced by Panther Burns guitarist Mario Monterosso and released in 2015 on the UK label Twenty Stone Blatt Records, with distribution by Proper Records.

Also in 2014, Stag-O-Lee Records (Germany) compiled a double album of Falco's favorites from his personal music collection, released as Tav Falco's Wonderful World Of Musical & Exotic Obscurities. Falco contributed to the varied artists album a liner notes essay and a Panther Burns song called "Real Cool Trash," which The Wire likened to "the rock 'n' roll energy" of The Cramps. The Wire described the album styles as ranging from rockabilly to "far-flung genres" that include "tangos, waltzes, and concertina music."

In 2022, Tav Falco's Panther Burns undertook an extensive US Tour, which began in August 25 in San Francisco and featured dates in 34 US cities. The setlist included songs from throughout the Panther Burns' career, including songs from Command Performance and Cabaret of Daggers as well as covers of songs by Charlie Feathers, Lead Belly, Alex Chilton and others. Falco's producer Mario Monterosso backed Falco on guitar for the tour, along with bassist Guiseppe Sangirardi and drummer Walter Brunetti.

Musical style
According to the band, Panther Burns is "a Southern Gothic, psychedelic country band influenced by Memphis music styles". The original band lineup featured two guitars, synthesizer, and drums, later usually omitting keyboards or synthesizers at live shows. The group's somewhat experimental recordings have embraced and deconstructed a number of influences and genres, including rockabilly, blues rock and Southern Gothic.

With his signature Höfner fuzz-tone guitar and a stage presence characterized by his Argentine-styled pompadour, pencil moustache, smoking jacket, and urbane manner, Falco infused his shows with theatrical antics and a reverence for the originators of country blues and rockabilly. The band's assorted song subjects and album photography themes have included Memphis scenery, Carroll Cloar's Panther Bourne painting, the occasional reference to historical figures like American rampage murderer Charles Starkweather, motorcycle imagery, denizens of Memphis neighborhoods, tango imagery, and blithe introspection, among other themes.

Falco's treatment of the blues classic "Bourgeois Blues" adds a line from Ginsberg's famous beat poem "Howl". In a 1984 interview discussing his anti-environment concept and music, he said that many outstanding, but lesser known blues and rockabilly artists were "treated like the idiot wind". Similarly, he continued, "the beat writers and theorists like Antonin Artaud were treated like they were crazy. It wasn't until he died that everyone realized he was a genius". Two of his originals, "Agitator Blues" and "Panther Phobia Manifesto", evinced playful humor and a left-leaning, Utopian anarchist political stance. In "Panther Phobia Manifesto", Falco referenced lines from influences as disparate as William S. Burroughs, Screamin' Jay Hawkins, Howlin' Wolf, Rod Serling, French psychedelic band The Dum Dum Boys, and Dadaist poet Louis Aragon, in wishing a "huge firedamp explosion" to closed-minded members of society who blindly follow the dictates of the establishment. Proclaiming that everywhere the Panther Burns go, they are greeted with derision, he riffed from Aragon, "Laugh your fill, the Panther Burns are the ones who always hold out a hand to the enemy".

The group's wide-ranging styles have included Argentine tango music, country music, rockabilly, R&B, soul music, novelty tunes, early rock and roll, country blues, and pop standards of the 1950s and 1960s like Frank Sinatra's "The World We Knew", among others. Set lists have included mutated covers of songs originally performed by such diverse artists as J. Blackfoot, Doc Pomus, Bobby Lee Trammell, Gene Pitney, Reverend Horton Heat, Jessie Mae Hemphill, R. L. Burnside, Mack Rice, and Allen Page (of the small 1950s Moon Records label helmed by early rock-and-roll producer/songwriter Cordell Jackson), among others.

The earliest description the band gave itself on a concert poster read simply: "Rock'n'Roll". Media confusion in categorizing led the band to eventually invent its own self-descriptive terms, such as "panther music" and "backwoods ballroom", also at times calling its tumultuous performance style "art damage".

Current Lineup

 * Tav Falco: lead vocals, guitar (1979–current)
 * Mario Monterosso: guitar, bass, producer (2014–current)
 * Giuseppe Sangirardi: bass (2016–current)
 * Walter Brunetti: drums (2018–current)

Past Members (in alphabetical order)

 * Perry Michael Allen—keyboards, backing vocals: 1995
 * David Berger—drums: 2002
 * Barri Bob—percussion, rhythm guitar: some 1980s gigs
 * Orazio Brando—guest guitarist: 2005
 * William Brandt; (also of "Beyond Einstein's Eulipion Bats") drums 1988 including live recording "Live at Vienna Messeplast" 24 May 1988
 * Roy Brewer—violin: 1980s and 1990s
 * Benny Carter—drums: 1994
 * Grégoire Cat (real name: Grégoire Garrigues)—lead guitar: early 2000s onwards
 * Ben Cauley (also of The Bar-Kays)—trumpet: 1990s
 * Raymond Cavaioli—lead guitar: some 1980s gigs
 * Alex Chilton (aka L X Chilton and Axel Chitlin)—lead guitar: 1979–early 1980s and occasional appearances thereafter; produced several of the albums
 * Riccardo Colasante—drums: 2016
 * Rene Coman (also of The Iguanas/New Orleans)—bass: early to mid–1980s and occasionally thereafter
 * Francesco D'Agnolo—keyboards: 2015
 * Toby Dammit—drums: 2015 (guest appearances in 2016, 2018)
 * Peter Dark (also of Bellmer Dolls, real name: Peter Mavrogeorgis)—guitar: early 2000s, 2011 onwards
 * Jim Dickinson—producer and keyboardist: occasionally 1980s and 1990s
 * Peter Dopita—singing saw: 1991
 * Jim Duckworth (also of The Gun Club)—drums: 1981; lead guitar: early 1980s, 1989
 * Doug Easley—bass: occasionally, including 1989 live album
 * Ron Easley (aka Durand Mysterion; also of the Country Rockers)—lead guitar: 1980s and 1990s sporadically; producer: 1989
 * James Enck (later of Linda Heck and the Train Wreck)—lead guitar: 1984, 1991; bass on "Cuban Rebel Girl" from the 1984 Now! cassette release
 * Kai Eric (aka Red West)—bass: mid-1980s–2000 on most tours except some in the South U.S.
 * Cyd Fenwick—backing vocals, dancing: 1979–1981
 * Kitty Fires 1 (real name: Sue Easley)—backing vocals: 1984; Kitty Fires 2 (different woman)—guitar: 2000
 * Bob Fordyce (also of the Odd Jobs)—drums: 1989
 * Lorenzo Francocci—drums, percussion: 2015
 * Doug Garrison (also of The Iguanas/New Orleans)—drums: 1996
 * Diane Green (also of The Hellcats/Memphis and the Odd Jobs)—theatrics, tambourine, dancing: occasional 1980s appearances
 * Alex Greene (also of Big Ass Truck and Reigning Sound)—organ: 1989–1990
 * Stacy Hall and Dawn Hall—dancers: 1979
 * Jim Harper—snare drum: 1981
 * Mark Harrison—guitar: 1984–1985
 * Linda Heck (later of Linda Heck and the Train Wreck)—bass: 1984
 * Jessie Mae Hemphill (as part of the Tate County Mississippi Drum Corps)—snare drum: 1981
 * Eric Hill—synthesizer: 1979–1980, 1989
 * Douglas Hodges (aka Tall Cash)—drums: 2001–2002
 * Teenie Hodges—lead guitar: 1990s
 * Michael Hurt (also of The Royal Pendletons)—bass: 1999
 * Rick Ivy—trumpet, vocals: 1979
 * Cathy Johnson—backing vocals, dancing: 1979–1981
 * Ross Johnson—drums: since 1979 on a number of albums and live shows
 * Amanda Jones—backing vocals: 1984
 * Jules Jones—backing vocals in studio and live shows: 1979
 * Via Kali—tango dancer at live shows: 2006 onwards
 * Kye Kennedy—lead guitar: mid-1980s touring
 * Gabriele Kepplinger—backing vocals: 1991
 * Little Victor—guitar, harmonica: 2005
 * Laurent Lanouzière—bass: 2002–onwards
 * Michael Lo (real name: Michael Rafalowich)—bass: early 2000s, 2011–onwards
 * Andrew Love (also of The Memphis Horns)—saxophone: 1990s
 * Vickie Loveland—backing vocals: 1991
 * Tammo Lüers—guitar: 1995
 * Randall Lyon—theremin: 1991
 * Olivier Manoury—bandoneon: 1995
 * Bob Marbach—piano: 1991, 1995
 * Lisa McGaughran (also of The Hellcats/Memphis including in one compilation as Lisa Burnette)—backing vocals, bass: 1984–1990
 * Ron Miller—bass: early 1980s
 * Billy Mitchell—drums: 2013
 * Robert Palmer—clarinet: 1989
 * Giovanna Pizzorno (also of The Hellcats/Memphis)—drums: first sporadic tours began 1986; steady member since the early 2000s; duet vocals: 2015
 * Jon Ramos—bass: 2002
 * George Reinecke (also of Busted Flush)—lead guitar: 1980s and 1990s
 * Will Rigby (also of The dB's, Steve Earle) – drums: 1980, 1999
 * Jimmy Ripp—guitar: 1983
 * Roland Robinson—bass: 1992
 * Kurt Ruleman—drums: 1984–1989
 * Raffaele Santoro—keyboards: 2010 onwards
 * Harris Scheuner—drums: 1989
 * Jim Sclavunos—drums: since about 1982 on a few albums, beginning with Blow Your Top
 * Jim Spake—saxophone: 1984, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1995, and occasional live appearances
 * Brendan Lee Spengler—keyboards: 2000
 * Ken Stringfellow—bass: 2011
 * Nokie Taylor—trumpet: 1991, 1995
 * Nina Tischler—backing vocals: 1991
 * Lorette Velvette (real name: Lori Greene; also of The Hellcats/Memphis and The Kropotkins)—backing vocals: 1984–1990; guitar: 1984 briefly
 * Mike Watt—bass: 2015 (guest appearances in 2016, 2018)
 * Misty White (also of The Hellcats/Memphis and Alluring Strange)—drums: 1988
 * Vincent Wrenn—synthesizer: 1979–1980
 * Jack Yarber (aka Jack Oblivian)—bass, organ: 2000
 * Abe Young—bass drum: 1981

title: Tav Falco's Panther Burns


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Talk:Force carrier

Untitled
I'd say that this article should be merged with Gauge boson, but, actually, it might be interesting to include cases of force carriers that are not gauge bosons (e.g. the mesons in some effective field theories of hadrons). —Matt McIrvin 03:58, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

gravity
i didn't think.

Edit: improved clarity of statement

Gauge Bosons
Someone should say, in this page and the Gauge boson page, that force carrier particles are the same thing as gauge bosons, if this is correct. scienceman 01:07, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Possible merge/clean-up needed?
We seem to have four related articles with a common term: We'll have to put some thought on this matter to see what the preferred direction is? --Sadi Carnot 12:27, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Force carrier (has 21 linked-to pages) (not for longer, already merged)
 * Messenger particle (has 8 linked-to pages) (not for longer, already merged)
 * Exchange particle (has 5 linked-to pages) (redirects to Force carrier)
 * Gauge boson (has 97 linked-to pages)
 * I certainly think the first three two (Exchange particle redirects to Force carrier) should be merged. Also, I think that they shouldn't be limited to fundamental particles—they should also mention that, for instance, electrons in solids interact by exchanging phonons.  And I agree with Matt McIrvin about mentioning mesons.
 * Somewhere I'd love to see an explanation of how attractive forces can be mediated by particle exchange. —JerryFriedman 18:49, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * To start with, I just found http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/virtual_particles.html . —JerryFriedman 20:25, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * That first two articles are merged now. Correct them if I did something wrong. —Nethac DIU, would never stop to talk here— 17:56, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

No, a force carrier is not necessarily a gauge boson. By the way, the present article has a thick Standard Model bias, whereas force carriers are ubiquitous wherever any kind of QFT can be found. There are phonons and other kinds of excitons, for example. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 05:06, 26 August 2019 (UTC)

Warning: talk merged with "Messenger particle" talk
Splitting "Graviton". a particle carrying "gravitational force" which turned out to be a psudoforce in Einsteinian physics into its three subtypes
 * 1) Inertion - carries the straight inertial force
 * 2) Centrifugon - carries the centrifugal force
 * 3) Coriolison - carries the Coriolis force

Three subtypes of Graviton
A discoverer of any one of them should be awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics or in Magical Arts whichever seems more apropriate. Jim 03:23, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Did you just make up these names? If not, please cite your source. Lack of Google hits makes me suspicious. —Keenan Pepper

 * Hi Keenan, I made them long time ago since I consider calling the gravitational force a fundamental force unfair to Enstein. Also it's misleading to astrophysicists. Some hope that the gravitational force becomes a fundamental force once again and it seems to confuse them a lot. The worst thing is that it prevents progress in astronomy ever since the applied mathematicians started to explain physics to astrophysicists and Einstein. Of course no one requires mathematicians, especially applied ones, to understand physics but astrophysicists rather should. So I hope it's my contribution to being fair to Einstein and to the education of astrophysicists. Jim

 * Jim - Your terms are neologisms and so prohibited under WP:OR. Also it would be nice if you knew something on this topic.  Gravitons do exist in general relativity!!!  You are correct in that they do not transmit gravitation itself.  Instead gravitons transmit information on changes in the gravitational field.  It may not be the same thing, but it is still important and physical.
 * I have already editted the article appropriately. --EMS | Talk 16:33, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi EMS, I propose to add to your comment about graviton the following text:
 * ... in which it resembles more a phonon type boson than gluon, photon, or W and Z bosons (all of which carry fundamental forces). Jim 11:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * ... in which it resembles more a phonon type boson than gluon, photon, or W and Z bosons (all of which carry fundamental forces). Jim 11:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * ... in which it resembles more a phonon type boson than gluon, photon, or W and Z bosons (all of which carry fundamental forces). Jim 11:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * ... in which it resembles more a phonon type boson than gluon, photon, or W and Z bosons (all of which carry fundamental forces). Jim 11:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Intermediate Particle
Intermediate particle links here, but no explanation is given for that terminology. What about it is "intermediate"? Are all force carriers Intermediate bosons? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.247.169.219 (talk) 18:59, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Are small energies large?
intended to complain about the poor state of the article, but looking at “At sufficiently large energies, ” concluded that it is futile. Nothing good can come from a talk-page discussion where watchers tolerate (or make) such edits. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 07:27, 26 August 2019 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose merging Static forces and virtual-particle exchange here. Both articles discuss forces arising from the exchange of particles. The 'static' in the title of the source article seems largely irrelevant. The source article has too many equations to be easily readable, and a lot of it is unreferenced.

There is also a large overlap between these articles and Virtual particle, but in my opinion that article has a different enough viewpoint, so that a merging with it is not useful. Jähmefyysikko (talk) 14:58, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree that these articles overlap and I don't see a clear value for both. "Static forces..." is much stronger but I agree with your implicit choice of "Force carrier" as the merged title. Johnjbarton (talk) 16:43, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I won't lie, I think the two share a fair overlap but not necessarily to the point that I'd agree a merger. Varsect (talk) 15:18, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * @Varsect What specific content do you think belongs in "Static forces and virtual particle exchange" but not in "force carrier" and vice versa? Johnjbarton (talk) 15:32, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

I'm removing the tags as I don't have the time in near future to do this (even if there was a consensus). Jähmefyysikko (talk) 04:02, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Force carrier


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Tav Falco

Gustavo Antonio "Tav" Falco is an American-born musician, performance artist, filmmaker, actor, author, photographer, and dancer. Falco has fronted the rock band Tav Falco's Panther Burns since 1979, and founded a parallel solo career that incorporates other styles such as cabaret, tango, and vocal jazz. He has directed one feature film and numerous short films, and has played minor acting roles in motion pictures filmed in both North America and Europe. He is the author of two books, one a psychography of the city of Memphis, and the other a collection of his photography.

Biography
Falco was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a family of Italian descent but grew up in rural southwest Arkansas between Whelen Springs and Gurdon. After studying theater and film at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Falco moved to Memphis in 1973. In the mid-1970s, he started the nonprofit Televista "art-action" video group with fellow Arkansas poet/performance artist/videographer Randall Lyon to create art and to document local musicians and artists. While with Televista, Falco worked with and trained in photography and filmmaking under Memphis color photographer William Eggleston.

In 1978, Alex Chilton teamed up with Falco after being impressed by Falco's performance of the song "Bourgeois Blues" at The Orpheum Theatre in Memphis, which culminated in the chainsawing of an electric guitar. The two founded the self-styled "art damage" rock and roll band Tav Falco's Panther Burns in 1979. The group was named after lore surrounding a plantation in Mississippi. The Panther Burns' debut album, Behind The Magnolia Curtain, was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis and released by Rough Trade Records. A December 3, 1980, session recorded at Sam Phillips Recording Service was released in 1992 on Marilyn Records as The Unreleased Sessions. Falco moved to New York in 1981, and released his official follow-up album, Blow Your Top, on Chris Stein's Animal Records imprint, which was distributed by Chrysalis Records.

Tav Falco's Panther Burns celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2019 with a tour dubbed the "40th Anniversary Howl", with its prime show taking place May 21 of that year in Memphis at Lafayette's Music Room.

Falco devoted portions of his musical career to highlighting traditional regional artists from Memphis and Mississippi who had not gained media attention. He filmed a black & white short film of blues artist R.L. Burnside performing at Brotherhood Sportsmen's Lodge in Como, Mississippi, on September 28, 1974. After assembling The Panther Burns, Falco performed and collaborated with legacy rockabilly and blues performers such as Charlie Feathers, James Luther Dickinson, and Cordell Jackson. His photography was used for the Charlie Feathers album Honky Tonk Man (New Rose Records, 1988).

Falco would also promote and work with lesser-known regional contemporaries. His record imprint, Frenzi Records, released a 1986 compilation of area artists entitled Swamp Surfing in Memphis, as well as a 1988 studio EP by female-led group The Hellcats. These records received respective international distribution from Au Go Go Records (Australia) and New Rose Records (France).

In 2014, Falco compiled a double album of some of his favorite tracks from his music collection, Tav Falco's Wild & Exotic World of Musical Obscurities, which was released on Stag-O-Lee Records. The album set included a cover song by The Panther Burns and liner notes by Falco.

In the 1990s, Falco relocated from the United States to Paris, and then to Vienna, where he lived for nearly two decades. In January 2022, he located to Bangkok, where he currently resides. Often Falco has claimed his main artistic purpose is "to stir up the dark waters of the unconscious."

In a 2019 interview, Falco described himself as a "Utopian anarchist".

As filmmaker
Starting in the 1970s, Falco created a number of short films on varying topics focusing on "underground" art-actions and cultural assets around the mid-American South. The Cinémathèque Française in Paris accepted and archived six of Falco's short films into its permanent collection. Among the titles archived are Masque of Hôtel Orient, Born Too Late, Helene of Memphis, Memphis Beat, Shadetree Mechanic, and 71 Salvage. A selection of Falco's short films were shown in a retrospective at the Cinémathèque Française in 2006, with Falco himself in attendance.

Urania Descending, the first feature film directed by Falco, was completed in 2014 and released in 2016 by Lamplighter Films. The film consists of portions of what is intended to be a be a film trilogy. As of October 2021, Falco is editing the full Urania trilogy.

In addition to the Cinémathèque Française, Falco's film work has been screened at The Horse Hospital, London; the David Lynch-designed Silencio Cinema, Paris;  Anthology Film Archives, New York; Roxie Theater, San Francisco; Oxford Film Festival, Mississippi; Austria Film Archiv Metrokino, Vienna; and by the American Cinematheque in the Steven Spielberg Cinema at the Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood.

As actor
Falco appeared as an actor with minor roles in the feature films Great Balls of Fire!, A nagy postarablás (The Great Post Office Robbery), Highway 61, Downtown 81, and Wayne County Rambling.

Downtown 81 was shot in New York in 1981 and was directed by Edo Bertoglio. The film starred artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and featured Debbie Harry, James Chance, Arto Lindsay, and August Darnell in supporting roles. Falco was featured in a cameo role shot on Super 16mm film, where he created and then recited improvised dialogue with Basquiat. Basquiat hated the dialogue so much he walked off the set. Initially abandoned, the film was released by Metrograph Pictures in 2000.

After taking an interest in tango dancing in the 1990s and devoting time to studying the dance in Buenos Aires, Falco appeared as a tanguero in the 2003 film Dans Le Rouge du Couchant.

As author
Falco has collaborated with Erik Morse, an American underground author, music writer and journalist, on a two-volume book series about the city of Memphis entitled Mondo Memphis. Falco's book, Ghosts Behind The Sun: Splendor, Enigma, and Death/Mondo Memphis: Volume 1, is a 450-page encyclopedic history and psychography of Memphis, beginning well before the Civil War and moving forward to more recent autobiographical accounts set in that city. Morse's Bluff City Underground/Mondo Memphis: Volume 2 roman noir follows a West Coast graduate student and his encounters with a Memphis secret society.

In 2015, Falco's book of photography, a collection of black & white images of the American South entitled Iconography of Chance: 99 Photographs of the Evanescent South, was published by Elsinore Press and distributed by University of Chicago Press.

As solo musician
After moving to Vienna, Falco took an interest in tango, cabaret, and similar continental musical styles. The 1995 Tav Falco & The Panther Burns album Shadow Dancer introduced these influences to his music. In 1996, he released two 10" LP releases, Disappearing Angels and 2 Sides of Tav Falco, under the "Tav Falco" name.

In 2016, Falco released the holiday-themed album A Tav Falco Christmas on the Los Angeles-based record label ORG Music. Recorded at Sam Phillips Recording Service, the album featured Mike Watt on bass, and was produced by guitarist Mario Monterosso. The Los Angeles Times called it "gloriously demented enough to act as a tonic for anyone who can't bear the thought of another dose of sugary sentimentality." A track from the album, "Santa Claus is Back in Town," was included on the 2021 digital compilation album XO for the Holidays, Vol. X.

Also in 2016, while on a European tour, Falco recorded the single "The Drone Ranger" b/w "Tram?" with producer Sterling Roswell. The single was released in February 2017 on the Blang! label.

In a 2018 interview with Adam J. Harmer of the British indie rock group Fat White Family, Falco stated, "I'm getting away from the rock and roll world to get a little peace of mind." In April of that year, Falco recorded the sessions that would become the album Cabaret of Daggers at Terminal 2 Studio in Rome, with Mario Monterosso producing once again. Two of the album's songs, including the anthemic "Red Vienna," are Falco originals. The remainder includes selections from the Great American Songbook such as "Strange Fruit" and "Born to Be Blue," and veers far enough away from The Panther Burns' signature sound that Falco opted to present it as a solo album, despite Panther Burns members being featured prominently on the album. Cabaret of Daggers was released by ORG Music on limited edition yellow vinyl on Record Store Day on November 23, and on black vinyl and digital formats on November 30. Mojo magazine stated that the album "conjures up a potent mix of blues, jazz and tango rhythms in which 1920s Vienna café culture seamlessly rubs shoulders with Beale Street juke joints," and rated the album four stars out of five.

Falco and producer Monterosso performed with British television and radio personality Jools Holland on BBC Radio 2's The Jools Holland Show on December 15, 2019.

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Falco began a musical collaboration with Mike Watt at the latter's suggestion. The project developed into a five-song EP entitled Club Car Zodiac, which featured Watt as well as other performers such as The Stooges percussionist Larry Mullins (aka Toby Dammit) and Argentine surf guitarist Didi Wray. The album was produced by Mario Monterosso. Club Car Zodiac was released as a purple vinyl 12" 45 RPM EP on Record Store Day Black Friday, November 26, 2021.

title: Tav Falco


text: User talk:68.47.3.39

title: User talk:68.47.3.39


text:
User talk:Punker rocker

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title: User talk:Punker rocker


text: Category:Minimalistic compositions

title: Category:Minimalistic compositions


text:
Police Tero F.C.

Police Tero Football Club (สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร), formerly known as BEC-Tero Sasana, is a Thai professional football club based in Bangkok. The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003. BEC-Tero Sasana Football Club merged with Police United Football Club in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season.

The club has won 2 Thai League 1 titles, 1 Kor Royal Cup and 1 Thai League Cup. They were also the finalist in the 2002–03 AFC Champions League campaign.

Establishment of the club
The team was established in 1992. It was previously known as Sasana Witthaya School team and was founded by Worawi Makudi. The first football match the team entered was in Division 3 of the football royal cup in 1993. In 1994, the team played in Division 2 of the football royal cup. In 1995, the team played in Division 1 of the football royal cup and in 1996, the team entered the Thai League for the first time. It was during this year, that Mr. Worawi Makudi and Mr. Brian L. Marcar, managing director of BEC-TERO Entertainment Public Co. Ltd., joined hands and renamed the team as Tero Sasana Football Club. The team was placed in 12th position among 18 teams in the Thai League.

In 1997, Tero Sasana Football Club also played in the Thai League and this time was placed in fifth place. Later in 1998, BEC World Public Company Limited supported the Tero Sasana Football Club and changed the team's name to BEC-Tero Sasana. The team won the third place when they played the Thai League. They were also one of the eight final teams to enter the final round of the Thai FA Cup.

In 1999, the team entered the Thai League and again won third place. In the same year, they were among the final teams in the Thai FA Cup.

The Thai giant and the final Asian Champions League
2000 was a very eventful year for BEC-Tero Sasana FC. The team won its first championship award by winning the Thai League. It also received the championship award for the King's Cup.

In 2001, BEC-Tero Sasana FC was able to keep its championship and won the Thai Premier League for the second consecutive year. This greatly increased the fan base. In that year, the club participated in POMIS Cup in Maldives.

The club's success continued for a few years and culminated with finishing runner-up in the 2002–03 AFC Champions League. The team were put alongside Asian heavyweights Kashima Antlers, Daejeon Citizen, and Shanghai Shenhua in Group A of the 2002–03 AFC Champions League; a group which they would top with 7 points. BEC-Tero Sansana then faced Uzbekistan's Pakhtakor in the semi-final and defeated them 3–2 on aggregate, before losing to Al Ain in the two-legged Final, 2–1.

Golden Generation
In 2012 the club appointed Robert Procureur, former general manager of Muangthong United, to be the new Director of Football and appointed Andrew Ord as the club manager. Them built up a great team by pushing up many young players such as Adisorn Promrak, Peerapat Notchaiya, Tanaboon Kesarat, Chanathip Songkrasin, Narubadin Weerawatnodom, Tristan Do, Chenrop Samphaodi, Jaturong Pimkoon and the fan called "Golden Generation" and the club signed former Japan national team player Daiki Iwamasa that was the important to help the team win the Thai League Cup Trophy in 2014 from Daiki Iwamasa and Georgie Welcome's goals, its first trophy in 12 years.

Decline and financial ruin
After the club was relegated in 2016 (Saraburi F.C. was out of the Thai league due to money problems so the club was placed in the place of Saraburi), club president Brian L. Marcar sold the team to Inspire Entertainment, the owner of Muangthong United. Robert Procureur quit and star players such as Peerapat Notchaiya, Tanaboon Kesarat, Chanathip Songkrasin and Tristan Do joined various clubs, such as Muangthong United.

Merging: BEC-Tero Sasana and Police United
In 2017 the club were taken over by the Royal Thai Police, who merged them with their own club, Police United. The club name change was not recognized in 2017, so in 2018, the club changed their name to Police Tero Football Club.

Return to the Thai League 1
In October 2019, under head coach Rangsan Viwatchaichok, Police Tero were runners-up in the 2019 Thai League 2 and were promoted to the 2020 Thai League 1.

Failed to takeover
On November 6, 2023, Police Tero Football Club held a press conference to launch a new investment group, a group of three Cambodian royal princes, with an investment of ฿200 million and a 49% stake in the club. But in the end the takeover of the club was unsuccessful because the new owners were unable to declare the origin of the money and were unable to bring the money into the country.

Season by season record

 * P = Played
 * W = Games won
 * D = Games drawn
 * L = Games lost
 * F = Goals for
 * A = Goals against
 * Pts = Points
 * Pos = Final position
 * N/A = No answer

 * TL = Thai League 1

 * QR1 = First Qualifying Round
 * QR2 = Second Qualifying Round
 * QR3 = Third Qualifying Round
 * QR4 = Fourth Qualifying Round
 * RInt = Intermediate Round
 * R1 = Round 1
 * R2 = Round 2
 * R3 = Round 3

 * R4 = Round 4
 * R5 = Round 5
 * R6 = Round 6
 * GS = Group stage
 * QF = Quarter-finals
 * SF = Semi-finals
 * RU = Runners-up
 * S = Shared
 * W = Winners

Former players
For details on former players, see Category:Police Tero F.C. players.

Managerial history
Head coaches by years (1996/97-present)

League

 * Thai League 1
 * Winners: 2000, 2001–02
 * Runners-up: 2002–03, 2003–04
 * Thai League 2
 * Runners-up: 2019

Cups

 * FA Cup
 * Runners-up: 2009
 * League Cup
 * Winners: 2014
 * Kor Royal Cup
 * Winners: 2000
 * Runners-up: 2002, 2004
 * Queen's Cup
 * Runners-up: 2009

Asian

 * AFC Champions League
 * Runners-up: 2002–03

Asean

 * ASEAN Club Championship
 * Runners-up: 2003

Friendly

 * Bhutan King's Cup
 * Winners: 2004

title: Police Tero F.C.


text:
Al Hilal SFC

Al Hilal Saudi Football Club (نادي الهلال السعودي), simply known as Al Hilal is a professional multi-sports club based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Their football team competes in the Saudi Pro League. In Arabic, Al Hilal means the crescent moon. They are the most decorated club in Asia, winning 69 official trophies. Al Hilal also hold the record for the most continental trophies in Asia, as well as a record 19 Pro League titles.

Founded on 16 October 1957, Al Hilal are one of three teams to have participated in all seasons of the Saudi Professional League since its establishment in 1976.

Overall, Al Hilal have won 69 official titles in multiple competitions. In domestic competitions, they have won a record 19 Professional League titles, a record 13 Crown Prince Cup titles, a record seven Saudi Federation Cup titles, eleven King Cup titles, a record four Super Cup titles, as well as the Saudi Founder's Cup.

Continentally, Al Hilal have won a record eight Asian Football Confederation trophies — the AFC Champions League in 1991, 2000, 2019 and 2021, the Asian Cup Winners Cup in 1997 and 2002, and the Asian Super Cup in 1997, 2000. In September 2009, Al Hilal was awarded Best Asian Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS.

Internationally, Al Hilal made multiple appearances in the FIFA Club World Cup, They were runners-ups in the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup, having become the first Asian club from the non-host nation to reach the FIFA Club World Cup final.

History
The idea of establishing the club began when the ranks of the Youth Club witnessed in 1957 a serious division among its leaders, which prompted Mr. Abdul Rahman bin Saeed to resign from the presidency of the Youth Club in that year, and many left with him, including a number of prominent players.

The opportunity was ripe for the establishment of a new club at the first-class level to serve Saudi sports, and this was already done when a new club was established on 15 October 1957 in Riyadh. The club's name lasted for only one year before it was changed to its current name on 3 December 1958 by King Saud. He changed the name after he attended a tournament that was contested between the Olympic Club, Al Nassr, Al Riyadh and Al-Kawkab clubs. As soon as the club's establishment, Al-Hilal enjoyed not only grassroots support but also royal attention.

After spending their formative years building a squad, the club made their first mark by lifting the King's Cup trophy in 1961. Al-Hilal won the King's Cup again in 1964, with a penalty shootout victory over two-time Asian champions Al Ittihad. The club also won the Crown Prince Cup in 1963–64.

The club were the inaugural winners when the Saudi Premier League came into existence in the 1976–77 season. Al Hilal also won the league title in 1978–79.

With the success, a number of players and coaches from outside Saudi Arabia joined the club in the 1970s, including Brazilian legends Mario Zagallo and Rivellino.

Sustained success (1980–1990)
After the establishment of the Saudi Premier League in the late 70's and with Al Hilal winning the competition twice including the inaugural edition. Ampaiai in the eighties brought about a new dawn of success to the riyadh giants, with group of talented homegrown players such as the charismatic figurehead defender Saleh Al-Nu'eimeh who captained both Al Hilal and the Saudi National Football Team, together with the promotion of the extremely gifted player maker Yousuf Al-Thunayan and the young and prolific forward Sami Al-Jaber. The club went on to win four league titles as well as four kings cup titles in ten years, two of those being season double's. Al Hilal were the runners-up in the Asian club Championship twice. They were second after the round-robin in the final round in 1986. They reached the final the following year in 1987, but Yomiuri were crowned the champion automatically as Al Hilal were unable to field a team for the final due to nine of the starting players being chosen for the Saudi team's preparation camp that clashed with the date fixed for the first leg.

Continental dominance (1991–2002)
The 1990s marked a shift in the dominant teams challenging for the title, such as the emergence of Al Shabab as a new contender and force in the league. As well as the resurgence of bitter rivals Al Nassr and Al Ittihad made the league become contested and shared between the four, Al Hilal achieved three titles during this period (1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02). The club continued to churn out talent from its academy with players such as Nawaf Al-Temyat, Mohammed Al-Shalhoub, Abdallah Al-Jamaan, Ahmad Al-Dokhi as well as Zambian defender Elijah Litana. Al Hilal's continental spoil's during this period defined the clubs identity, decadence and standing in the Asian continent for years to come. The first of which came in 1991 when the club won their first Asian title, the Asian Club Championship, beating Iranian club Esteghlal in penalties in the final. In 1997 the Asian Cup Winners Cup and Asian super cup were also obtained. The club won the Asian Club Championship again in 1999–2000, when they scored an equaliser in the 89th minute and won the match against Japanese club Júbilo Iwata in the extra-time, with the final being one of the most exciting and competitive in the competition's history; A super cup was also achieved in the same year. Finally the last of the Asian titles to be secured in this era was the 2002 Cup Winners Cup.

League duopoly (2003–2011)
At the turn of the century the historic rivalry between Al Hilal and Al Ittihad had reached levels never seen before in Saudi football. Historically, since their first meeting, Al Hilal/Al Ittihad matches have always been aggressive and passion filled spectacles that drew huge crowds due to both teams being from the two major Saudi cities of Riyadh and Jeddah. Each team represented different cities, backgrounds and values. Al Hilal is based in Riyadh the capital of Saudi Arabia, in addition to having traditional Najdi values the club is most commonly supported by the upper and middle class and also enjoyed royal attention. While on the other hand, Al-Ittihad is based in the port city of Jeddah and is commonly supported by the lower and middle class as well as non-Saudi natives giving it the nickname "the people's club". Both teams dominated this era of Saudi football history. Al Hilal won the title/s in (2004–05, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11). Al Ittihad's golden generation in this period of time equaled Al Hilal's two AFC Champions League titles, as well as winning the league title/s in (2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2008–09). This resulted in both teams exchanging winner and runner-up positions almost every season in the league for ten years with the exception of two seasons.

The pinnacle moment of the era was in the 2007–08 season when Al Ittihad was leading the table the whole season with Al Hilal always right behind in second, the final match day pitted both teams against each other in the Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Stadium in Jeddah with Al-Ittihad needing a draw at the minimum to clinch the league title at home. Al Ittihad were the clear favourites due to their much superior quality and home advantage. The match began with Al Ittihad leading in possession and attacking opportunities but to no avail. In the 49th minute Ahmed Al-Fraidi crossed the ball from the edge of the box, to which Yasser Al-Qahtani skimmed with a header to the right bottom corner of the goal giving Al Hilal a 1–0 lead four minutes after half time. Al-Ittihad frantically tried to equalise with an abundance of shots but Mohamed Al-Deayea goalkeeping heroics the whole match denied them the goal they so desperately needed, and even more so after Al Qahtani's goal. The referee finally blew the whistle and Al Hilal were crowned the league champions in Jeddah, and under whose management of Cosmin Olăroiu was coupled with the Crown Prince Cup finishing the season with a double. The league is commonly known and remembered with the nickname (Arabic: شعره ياسر) which roughly translates to "Yasser's hair" due to the winning goal being scored when the ball skimmed by Yasser's header veering the ball towards the goal. What made the occasion even more special is that the opposite outcome happened the previous season when Al Ittihad clinched the league title in the last minutes.

Before the beginning of the 2009–10 season Eric Gerets was hired as the new Al Hilal manager. Under his management Al Hilal tactically adopted a very attacking style, combining an already talented local group of players with star foreign players such as the versatile South Korean right back Lee Young-pyo, the powerful and dominant defensive midfielder Mirel Rădoi, the speedy Swedish winger Christian Wilhelmsson and the technically gifted Brazilian attacking midfielder Thiago Neves. This blend of local and foreign talent guided by a tactically astute manager dominated the league and were crowned champions with three games to spare, a crown prince cup was also won in the same season. In the following 2010–11 season Al Hilal continued to dominate domestically and continentally until their semi-final exit from the 2010 AFC Champions League, shortly following their exit Eric Gerets left to become the new head coach of the Morocco national football team. After Gerets's departure Gabriel Calderon took over as head coach of Al Hilal and finished the updated 14 team league as undefeated champion with 19 wins and 7 draws, becoming the second team to achieve this feat after Al Ettifaq. The season also finished with a double as the Crown Prince Cup was defended.

Struggle at the continental stage (2012–2018)
After their back-to-back league titles and generally consistent success in the domestic front, Al Hilal always seemed to come up short in their continental pursuit since their last triumph in the 1999-2000 campaign. Adding to an already aging local core and departing key players, Al Hilal was in a transition period to rebuild the team that was able to challenge domestically and in the Champions league. Al Hilal reached the final of AFC Champions League in 2014, 14 years after their last appearance in the final. This time they faced Western Sydney Wanderers. The Australian club won 1–0 on aggregate with some very questionable refereeing decisions by Yuichi Nishimura (what the fans claim). During this period of time Al Hilal was not able to win the league title for five seasons beginning from the 2011–12 to the 2015–16 season, finishing runner up in three of those seasons, and was only able to achieve five cup titles: Crown Prince cup (2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16), King cup (2015) and a Super cup (2015) Against arch rivals Al-Nasser held at Loftus Road Stadium, in London.

At the start of the 2016–17 season a string of bad results caused Gustavo Matosas to be sacked and replaced by Ramón Díaz. Diaz's reorganised the tactical shape and style of play in which the team was engaging with as well as the conditioning his players to quickly grasp his philosophy. Taking advantage of the fact that throughout the generations Al Hilal's success largely came from academy players as well as key signings, which the squad already possessed but the group was not in sync or able to reach their true potential. Players such as goalkeeper Abdullah Al-Mayouf was brought back From Al-Ahli because of his distribution abilities, right and left backs Yasser Al-Shahrani and Mohammed Al-Breik were good in chance creation and also in attacking output. Salem Al-Dawsari was talented but unpolished player when he was promoted to the first team in 2011, but has matured to become a key player. These player became the spine of the team and an integral part of Al Hilal squad for years to come. The managerial replacement radically changed the team's performance by playing possession-based attacking football which the aforementioned players turned out to be very adept to. Al Hilal finished the season as champions of the league and King cup with the former being achieved with record points in a season.

The following season continued in the same rhythm with Al Hilal leading in the domestic league and reaching the 2017 AFC Champions League Final. But they ultimately lost to the Japanese side Urawa Red Diamonds 1–2 in aggregate after Carlos Eduardo suffered an ACL tear in the first minutes of the first leg, and Omar Kharbin suffered an injury in the second leg. The team slumped mentally after the defeat and began a series of subpar performances which lead to their exit from the next edition's group stage which was their first time leaving the group stage since 2010. Ramón Díaz was sacked on 21 February 2018 and he was replaced Juan Brown as caretaker until the end of the season, he managed to salvage the season by winning Al Hilal their 15th domestic league title.

Return to continental dominance and worldwide appearances (2019–present)
The 2018–19 season saw drastic changes to the league with an increase in the number of clubs from 14 to 16, as well as the increase of foreign players to 8. This season saw the arrival of Bafetimbi Gomis, Andre Carrillo and Sebastian Giovinco managed by Jorge Jesus. The season started very well winning the first nine matches of the league, but when a new president was appointed Jorge Jesus was sacked on 30 January with no specified reason even though he had won 20 matches, was leading the league by 9 points and had won the 2018 Super Cup. Things started to go downhill from there, by the end of the season Al Hilal ended up as runner-up in the league by one point to Al-Nassr and runner-up in the 2018–19 Arab Club Champions Cup, lost out to Al-Taawoun in the semi-final of the 2019 King Cup. Mohammed bin Faisal resigned as president on the 1st of May before the season ended.

Fahad bin Nafil was elected president for a four-year term. Răzvan Lucescu was appointed as the new manager, several players that were deemed unneeded were released. South Korean defender Jang Hyun-soo was signed alongside Colombian international Gustavo Cuéllar. The 2019–2020 season started well and Al Hilal was leading the table almost the whole season with Al Nassr being the only other club in the title race with Al Hilal, nearing final rounds of the season Al Hilal thrashed Al Nassr 4–1 to end their title hopes as we'll finishing the season as champions and setting a new points record of 72. During the 2019 Champions League campaign Al Hilal produced a dominating and exciting performance in the competition to reach the final midway through the season. The first Champions league match of the season was against Al Ahli in the round of 16 Al Hilal won 4–1 away With Gomis scoring a hattrick, and lost 0–1 at home, Al Hilal qualified to the next stage with an aggregate score of 4–2. The quarter final matched Al Hilal against local rivals Al-Ittihad, the first match ended in a 0–0 stalemate away while the second match Al Hilal won 3–1 at home with memorable performances from Salem, Carrillo and Giovinco, Al Hilal qualified to the semi-final with an aggregate score of 3–1. In the semi-final Al Hilal was against their toughest opponent in the competition Al Sadd, in the away match Al Hilal won 4–1 in Doha while the opposing team player Abdulkarim Hassan was sent off. In the return leg at home in Riyadh, Al Sadd was able to turn around the score by scoring four goals to two, and in the last minute of the game they were awarded a free kick at the edge of the box and needed to score one more goal to go through to the final, but Abdullah Al-Mayouf saved the ball and the original time finished with Al Hilal winning 6–5 on aggregate, Al Hilal qualified to their third final in 5 years. After trying and failing to win on two previous finals in 2014 and 2017. They played against the Japanese club Urawa Red Diamonds, to whom they lost to in the final two years before. They successfully took a revenge and won 3–0 on aggregate 1–0 at home and 2–0 away, ending a nineteen-year wait for the Asian crown, Bafetimbi Gomis was also the tournaments top scorer and MVP. With both the 2019–20 Saudi Professional League as well as the 2019 AFC Champions League titles secured Al Hilal had one more title to win to wrap up the treble. Al Hilal reached the 2019–20 King Cup final to face Al Nassr who had not won the cup since 1990, Al Hilal won by 2–1 to complete the historic Treble. In the 2021 AFC Champions league, Al Hilal had barely managed to qualify to the knockout stages of the competition. In the round of 16 They faced Iranian team Esteghlal in Dubai and won the match 2–0, in the quarter finals they faced another Iranian team Persepolis whom they defeated 3–0 to qualify to the next stage. In the semi-final stage Al Hilal came up against their perennial rivals Al Nassr which was dubbed as the match of the century due to the long-standing animosity these historic rivals had for each other. This was the first time both teams would face each other in this competition, Further more Al Nassr had never won the AFC Champions league before and Al Hilal needed one more title to be the AFC Champions league outright record title holders. The stakes of the game were so high that the tension was felt in the city of Riyadh weeks before the game. The game finished with Al Hilal winning 2–1 against Al Nassr to reach the final in addition to bragging rights for many years to come. Al Hilal reached the final in 2021 to face South Korean club Pohang Steelers, both clubs had held a record of three AFC Champions League titles. Al Hilal came up on top to score the first goal 16 seconds after the match began. In the end a 2–0 win secured the fourth Asian champions league title, and Al Hilal became the AFC Champions League unequivocal record title holders. As the champions of the AFC Champions League, Al Hilal qualified for the 2021 FIFA Club World Cup in the UAE, Al Hilal in their first match faced hosts Al Jazira and managed to win 6–1. Al Hilal later faced UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea but lost 1–0, Al Hilal ended up in the 4th position overall in the tournament.

In September 2022, Al Hilal offered Cristiano Ronaldo a two-year contract worth €242 million. However, Ronaldo rejected the proposal, calling it "obscene". The reports of the offer first surfaced in July 2022, but the Saudi club name was not known. The President of the Saudi Arabian Football Federation, Yasser Al Misehal said he would like to see Ronaldo play in Saudi, but that it "won't happen before January unfortunately". However, he signed up for rivals Al Nassr instead on 1 January 2023.

In February 2023, Al Hilal played in the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup and reached the final after victories against Wydad Casablanca (2021–22 CAF Champions League Champions) and beaten Flamengo the (2022 Copa Libertadores Champions) In the semi-Finals. In the final, Al Hilal faced Europe Giants Real Madrid (Champions of the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League) and lost 5–3 to Real Madrid, in which the club become the runners up in the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2022 AFC Champions League campaign, Al Hilal topped Group A to advance to the Round of 16. The Asian Football Confederation decided to change the competition schedule from an all-year-round (spring-to-autumn) schedule to an autumn-to-spring schedule from next season onwards, despite the 2022 season actually being held from April 2022 to May 2023. Due to this decision Al Hilal had 9-month hiatus from the end of the group stage to the first knockout game, in February 2023 Al Hilal faced Emarati Shabab Al Ahli in the round of 16 whom they defeated 3–1. Three days later in the quarter finals Al Hilal faced Iran's Foolad in a highly physical match that ended in a 1–0 win with Marega scoring a goal in 87th minute. After advancing to the semi-final stage Al Hilal was pitted against Qatari Al Duhail, some pundits claimed before the game was played that Al-Duhail would easily reach the final in particular Nashat Akram who claimed that the match was over before it started and that Al-Duhail already booked their place in the final. On the day of the game the match started with Al Hilal scoring four goals in the first 30 minutes and adding a fifth before the first half was over. In the second half Al Hilal capped off the game with two more goals with Odion Ighalo scoring a super hat-trick in a 7–0 decimating win to seal the place in the 2022 AFC Champions League Final Against Urawa Red Diamonds, however, Al Hilal lost and became the runner-ups.

On 15 August 2023, Al Hilal signed World renowned player Neymar for a record breaking Saudi Pro League transfer fee of 90 million Euros plus add-ons. Al Hilal also went on to sign world class quality footballer like Kalidou Koulibaly, Rúben Neves, Sergej Milinković-Savić, Malcom, Yassine Bounou and Aleksandar Mitrović. Later throughout the season, Neymar suffered an ACL injury thus seeing the club signing Renan Lodi under the foreign quota slot. On 11 April 2024, Al Hilal won the 2023 Saudi Super Cup.

Crest
In 2022, the club revealed a new logo. The old crest had a 3D effect and a gradient of a ball inside the crescent moon and it included the full text with the club name and founding year. The new Al Hilal logo has a design in only blue and white, with the empty space between the three vertical blue stripes and their crescent moons creating a white 'H' for 'Hilal' which also reads an 'S' for 'Saudi'.

Mascot
The club mascot is a shark. A blue whale known for eating up all the trophies.

"The merging of the two letters in both languages in the logo is to symbolize the form of a grand and solid shield suitable for all sports, and bearing the values and principals of Al-Hilal", the Al-Hilal club said officially in August 2022.

Grounds
Al Hilal currently plays their home games at King Fahd International Stadium in Riyadh, stadium that was constructed in 1987 with a capacity of 67,000 supporters and occasionally home games are taking place in Prince Faisal bin Fahd Stadium, one of oldest football grounds in Saudi Arabia which was built in 1969. In 2017, Al Hilal signed an agreement with King Saud University in Riyadh to use the university's stadium for 3 seasons, from 2017–18 until the end of the 2019–20. In February 2022 it was announced that both Al Hilal and Al Nassr would become the tenants of the "Qiddiya's planned cliff-top 40,000+ seat stadium, once complete, will eventually become the new venue for home games for both teams and the full range of sporting facilities being developed will be made available for both clubs".

Rivalries
Al Hilal has a long-standing rivalry with Al-Ittihad. From the start of national competition the clubs were seen as representatives of the two biggest cities in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh and Jeddah. While Al Hilal have won four Asian Club Championship in years 1991, 1999–2000, 2019 and 2021, Al-Ittihad has won AFC Champions League two times in a row, in 2004 and 2005. Al Hilal won the Saudi El Clasico 62 times, Al-Ittihad won it 50 times, and two sides have drawn 35 times. As of 2023, the biggest win was when Al Hilal defeated Al Ittihad 5–0 in 2009–10.

Another rivalry is with their neighbors Al Nassr, which is called Riyadh's Derby. They have met 148 times, Al Hilal has won 59 times, lost 48 times, and 41 games have ended in a draw. The biggest win is for Al Hilal when they defeated Al Nassr 5–1 in Saudi Professional League 2016–2017. The rivalry with Al Nassr is more intense between them than the rivalry with Al Ittihad. As an example, when Al Hilal reached the 2014 AFC Champions League Final, in 2nd leg Al Nassr fans awaited Western Sydney Wanderers arrival at the airport to spur them on against Al Hilal and tried to sabotage Al Hilal's ticket plan.

Al Hilal's most intense matches in AFC Champions league are against; Al Ain from UAE, Al Sadd of Qatar in GCC countries and against Iranian teams, Persepolis and Esteghlal, and from east of Asia the most successful contenders Urawa Red Diamonds and Pohang Steelers.

Television match broadcasting rights
Al Hilal receives a certain amount from the Saudi Arabia Football Federation as the federation sells the complete matches' right in one package and all the clubs in the Saudi Professional League share the revenue equally. The Saudi league broadcasting rights currently were sold to Saudi Broadcasting Authority's SBC Channel, as well as Shahid streaming service. Also SSC sports (Saudi sports company) has broadcasting rights

Other income sources
The club's president and other board members secure any extra income required to run the club from merchandising of the club's kit and other products as well as establishing an investment company owned by the club to increase the club's revenue. Sponsorships have been instrumental to the club's finances due to the numerous lucrative deals signed by the club, owing to the fact that the club's huge popularity and appeal locally, regionally and continentally generates a huge number of supporters and admirers, especially on social media; the club has over 15m followers across all social media accounts.

Club facilities
In 2009, the club opened a new camp in Riyadh. It contains 25 rooms, meeting rooms, smart room for lectures, library, eating room, living rooms, a big salon and a medical clinic. It also has entertainment corners for video games, table tennis, billiards, table football and many others. There are two training fields for the senior team.

Management
This is a list of Al Hilal SFC presidents and chairmen from their foundation in 1957.

Honours

 * {{legend|gold|record}}
 * shared record

Recent seasons
The table below chronicles the achievements of Al Hilal in various competitions since 1999.

Key

 * Pld = Games played
 * W = Games won
 * D = Games drawn
 * L = Games lost
 * GF = Goals for
 * GA = Goals against
 * Pts = Points
 * Pos = Final position

 * W = Champion
 * RU = Final (Runner-up)
 * SF = Semi-finals
 * QF = Quarter-finals
 * R16/R32 = Round of 16, round of 32, etc.
 * GS = Group stage
 * QS = Qualifying stage

Matches
Key: PO – Play-off round; 1R/2R – First/Second round; R16 – Round of 16; QF – Quarter-final; SF – Semi-final;

 * Notes

title: Al Hilal SFC


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Kasikornbank

Kasikornbank (ธนาคารกสิกรไทย,, Teochew: Khai-thài Ngîng-hâng, , stylised in all caps), often stylised as KBank and formerly known as the Thai Farmers Bank, is a banking group in Thailand. KBank was established on 8 June 1945 (2488 BE) by Choti Lamsam, with registered capital of five million baht. It has been listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand since 1976. On 8 April 2003, Thai Farmers Bank PCL changed its English name to Kasikornbank PCL (official abbreviation, KBank).

As of April 2020, the CEO is Kattiya Indaravijaya. The previous chairman and CEO, Bantoon Lamsam, who held the position for 28 years, was the grandson of the founder.

History

Kasikornbank (then Thai Farmers Bank) was established on 8 June 1945, with registered capital of five million baht and 21 employees. Its first office is now the Thanon Sua Pa Main Branch. The bank showed healthy performance after only six months in operation. As of 31 December 1945, or at the end of its first accounting period, the bank recorded total deposits of 12 million baht and assets of 15 million baht.

 * 1945 - Established Thai Farmers Bank(TFB)
 * 1961 - The Thai Farmers Bank first capital increase to 14 million baht with total assets of around 400 million (behind Bangkok Bank 1,465 million and Siam Commercial Bank 546 million and Bank of Ayudhya 456 million).
 * 1962 - Ranked ninth largest commercial bank in Thailand with 36 branches nationwide.
 * 1967 - Opened branches in London, Hamburg, and New York City.
 * 1973 - Thailand's first bank to offer credit card services, the "Multi-Purpose Credit Card".
 * 1976 - Listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) with registered capital of 300 million baht, total assets of 60 billion baht, and 108 branches.
 * 1980 - The first bank in Thailand to issue Floating Rate Certificates of Deposit, valued at US$25 million, on the London market.
 * 1998 - Kasikornbank introduces SLIPS (Stapled Limited Interest Preferred Stock), a new financial vehicle for fundraising.
 * 2003 - On 8 April, the English name of the bank was changed from Thai Farmers Bank PCL (TFB) to Kasikornbank PCL (KBank) and its official abbreviated name from TFB to KBank.
 * 2007 - Introduced tri-language logo: Thai, Chinese, English.
 * 2009 - KBank issued "K-My Debit Card", the first debit card service that allowed customers to personalize their debit cards.
 * 2010 - Introduced off-hours foreign exchange dealing.
 * 2012 - The first bank through which Myanmar workers can remit funds to their country; equipped its ATMs with a menu in Burmese. Changed the name of KBank in China to Kāi tài yínháng (开泰银行).
 * 2013 - Opened a branch in Chengdu, its second branch in China.
 * 2014 - Full-service locally incorporated bank in Laos.
 * 2017 - Upgraded entity in China to LII (Locally Incorporated Institution).
 * 2018 - Issued US$100m worth of green bonds, a landmark achievement in Thailand
 * 2021 - KBank was granted a license to establish a branch in Ho Chi Minh City on January 19, 2021, and the branch was established in August 2021

Financials
For fiscal year 2019, KBank reported revenues of 185,002 million baht, assets of 3,293,889 million baht, and net profit of 38,721 million baht, all up from FY2018. As of 1Q2020 the bank had 887 branches, 8,184 ATMs, and 20,681 employees in Thailand.

Overseas branches

 * KBank has two subsidiary banks: KASIKORNTHAI BANK (Lao PDR) with two branches in Vientiane and KASIKORNBANK (CHINA) with branches in Shenzhen, Chengdu, and Shanghai and one sub-branch in Long Gang.
 * Three international branches: Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, and Phnom Penh
 * Seven representative offices: Beijing, Kunming, Tokyo, Yangon, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, and Jakarta
 * One strategic partner in Indonesia: Bank Maspion
 * Global partners with 76 banks in 14 countries: 51 Japanese partner banks; 10 Chinese partner banks; one Hong Kong bank; two Korean partner banks; seven ASEAN partner banks (Vietnam, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Cambodia, Philippines, and Malaysia); four European regional banks (in Germany, Italy, and Russia) and one Indian Bank (as of December 2019)

Notable former employees

 * Piyasvasti Amranand (Executive Chairman of KAsset, 2003-2006) - Chairman of the Energy for Environment Foundation, former President of Thai Airways International (2009-2012), Minister of Energy (2006-2008), Secretary-General of the Thai National Energy Policy Office (1994-2000)
 * Rapee Sucharitakul (Chairman of Kasikorn Securities, 2005-2008 and Executive Chairman of KAsset, 2009-2011) - Secretary-General of the Securities and Exchange Commission (2015-2019)
 * Prasarn Trairatvorakul (President, 2004-2010) - 22nd Governor of the Bank of Thailand (2010-2015) and Secretary-General of the SEC (1999-2003)
 * Kittiratt Na-Ranong (1985) - Deputy Prime Minister (2011-2014) and Minister of Finance (2012-2014), Minister of Commerce (2011-2012), MD of SET (2001-2006)
 * M.R. Pridiyathorn Devakula (SEVP, 1971-1990) – Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance (2006-2007), the 20th Governor of the Bank of Thailand (2001-2006), President of Export-Import Bank of Thailand (1993)
 * Thongchai McIntyre - Thai pop singer

title: Kasikornbank


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File:Big Country - Why the Long Face.jpg

Licensing
Big Country - Why the Long Face album cover


text: Category:1582 births

title: Category:1582 births


text:
User:Fabs

Fabianne Batista Balvedi

Born in Curitiba, created in Joaçaba, lives in Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil; Architect specialized in Computer Graphics; film-maker, webdesigner, animator; teaches open source digital technologies.

title: User:Fabs


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Why the Long Face (album)

Why the Long Face is the seventh studio album by Scottish band Big Country, released in 1995. It was produced by Chris Sheldon and members of the band.

The album received a reissue as a deluxe four-disc box-set by Cherry Red Records in 2018. In addition to a remaster of the original album on disc one, the three additional CDs contain demos, B-sides and single edits, as well as the band's 1996 live album Eclectic.

Background
Why the Long Face was recorded between August 1994 and January 1995. The new material was met with a lukewarm response from the head of the band's label Compulsion, Chris Briggs, who felt the band needed to do more work on the material. Compulsion ended up dropping Big Country and the band subsequently signed to Transatlantic in March 1995, with Why the Long Face being released on the label in June 1995.

Speaking to The Lennox Herald in 1995, lead vocalist and guitarist Stuart Adamson said of the album, "I think that this album flows well and that there is no filler on it. It's strong enough for us to do most of it live on stage." He added to the Evening Herald, "It's not a departure from or a return to anything really. This time round though, I think the songs are more intimate and personal as opposed to being about big impersonal issues. They've got real characters, strong verses and choruses."

Critical reception
On its release, Neil McKay of Sunday Life felt Why the Long Face failed to meet the same standard as The Buffalo Skinners. He wrote, "Solid and workmanlike, it lacks real inspiration. 'Sail into Nothing', 'God's Great Mistake', 'Wildland in My Heart' and 'Blue on a Green Planet' all try hard, but diminishing returns seem to be setting in." Chris Heath of The Daily Telegraph described the album as "rather good" and noted, "It was with minimal interest that I put on their new album, and with astonishment that I heard tune after tune of the sort which, if they had released them in 1987, would have saved their career." Mark Beaumont of NME was highly negative of the album, calling it "turgid bargain-bin fodder", with "a cesspool full of anonymous squidge-rawkers", "slabs of immense blandness", "a huge dollop of Huey Lewis" and lyrics "that have all the subtlety of Vinnie Jones".

Personnel

 * Stuart Adamson - guitar, e-bow, slide guitar, B-Bender guitar, lead vocals
 * Mark Brzezicki - drums, percussion, backing vocals
 * Tony Butler - bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Bruce Watson - guitar, e-bow, mandolin

 * Additional personnel
 * Josh Phillips - keyboards
 * James McNally - low whistle on "God's Great Mistake"

title: Why the Long Face (album)


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Talk:Julia Livia

The page "Julia Drusi Caesaris" redirected to this page
I would like to know why the page "Julia Drusi Caesaris" is constantly redirected to the page "Julia Caesar". The daughter of Drusus the Younger was named Julia and was referred to in inscriptions as "Iulia Drusi filia" or "Iulia Drusi Caesaris filia". The name "Julia Caesar" is completely false. The cognomen "Caesar" was worn by the MALE members of the Imperial household. It was never worn by any woman. I just don't know who made up that name of "Julia Caesar". If one wishes to ascertain what I say, just look in the Prosopographia Imperii Romani (PIR) or any other serious and reliable source of information.

209.226.97.46

Julia's name: an indication of a real problem
I totally agree with the post who corrects the information regarding Julia's name. I noticed that many wikipedia entries related to members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty contain a lot of false or erroneous information (for instance, Antonia the Elder's full name was NOT Julia (???) Antonia Cretica (???) Major but just Antonia Major, the daughter of Drusus II was not named Claudia Livia Julia Helena but just Julia (she's generally refered to as Iulia Drusi filia, even if some writers call her Livia Julia or Julia Livilla), Agrippina the Younger's full name was not Julia VIPSANIA (????) Agrippina Minor and she's called Agrippinilla only in Robert Graves' novel, Domitia Lepida's sister is not named Domitia Lepida Major, etc.).

I suspect some fellow to just make up information about Julio-Claudian family members. It's very sad, because this makes wikipedia a not very reliable source of information. Are there not people at Wikipedia who verify the information contained in their articles?

Name of Tiberius' granddaughter

Prosopographia Imperii Romani "Iulia 636" gives only 'Iulia Drusi Caesaris filia'.

'Helen' comes only from Robert Graves.

Seneca (Pumpkinification 10) wrote: Iste quem videtis, per tot annos sub meo nomine latens, hanc mihi gratiam rettulit, ut duas Iulias proneptes meas occideret, alteram ferro, alteram fame ("the two Julias, my greatgranddaughters, one by the sword one by hunger")

81.190.70.164.

Whoever is deleting the names of Julia, can you please leave the names alone and stop deleting her names. Her name is Claudia Livia Julia Caesaris, not Iulia Drusi Caesaris Filia. I was the person who originally typed this article and everything in this article is correct. I don't know where this name Iulia Drusi Caesaris Filia came from and the fact she is known as Helen is correct. Anriz 1 April 2006

Then give your exact sources, with exact references, otherwise you won't be believed! There's nothing in the PIR, except "Julia Drusi Caesaris filia". 81.190.70.164.

Betrothal to Sejanus?
The claim about Livilla’s daughter being betrothed to Sejanus is shaky (pace PIR „636 Iulia”).

Cf. R.Seager, Tiberius (London 1972), 213 note 6.)

81.190.70.164.

Fair use rationale for Image:Julia Drusi.jpg
Image:Julia Drusi.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:17, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Birth date
Does anyone have any reliable source that cites her birthdate. Can’t seem to find one. PrinceofFrancia (talk) 05:52, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julia Livia


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Ford CD2 platform

The Ford CD2 platform (for "C/D-class" and called U204 internally) is an automobile platform for crossover SUVs. It is the basis for the Mazda Tribute, Ford Escape, and Mercury Mariner, and was jointly developed by Mazda and Ford. The design is based on Mazda's GF platform, used by the Mazda Capella/626.

CD2 is a front wheel drive platform with an all wheel drive option. Tributes and Escapes are manufactured at Mazda's Hofu Plant and Ford's Kansas City Assembly in Claycomo, Missouri. A Mercury Mariner version was briefly produced at the Ohio Assembly in Avon Lake, Ohio, but this line was halted in mid-2005 to allow the plant to convert to Ford Econoline production. The Mariner was subsequently produced at the Kansas City Assembly plant.

The CD2 vehicles were updated for the 2008 model year with a new exterior and interior, but the chassis and powertrain are mainly carried over. The 2008 models debuted in early 2007. A shortened 2007 production run caused Mazda to halt construction of the 2007 model year Tribute for North America. For the 2009 model year, the vehicles received new powertrain options designed to increase power and fuel economy over the previous models.

 * 2001-2011– Mazda Tribute
 * 2001-2012– Ford Escape
 * 2005-2011– Mercury Mariner
 * 2004 Ford Bronco concept car

title: Ford CD2 platform


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Mississippi State Treasurer

State Treasurer of Mississippi is a post created in 1817 when the state was admitted to the Union. Before the state was formed by splitting the Alabama Territory from the Mississippi Territory, an equivalent post was the Territorial Treasurer General, established in 1802.

History
The position of state treasurer was enumerated as part of the executive branch in Mississippi's first constitution in 1817. The office was filled by the choice of the Mississippi Legislature. The first treasurer, Samuel Brooks, was elected on December 19, 1817. The 1832 constitution stipulated that the treasurer was to be popularly elected to serve a two-year term. The 1869 constitution expanded the officer's term to four years.

Powers, responsibilities, and structure
Under Article 5, Section 134, of the Mississippi Constitution, the state treasurer is elected every four years. Candidates for the office must meet the same constitutional qualifications as candidates for the position of secretary of state; they must be at least 25 years old and have lived in the state for at least five years. The office holder is not subject to term limits. Most of the treasurer's duties are determined by state statute.

The treasurer is responsible for keeping certain financial records for the state, including receipts, deposits, and disbursement of money from the state treasury. The constitution requires the treasurer to review and approve all contracts for the provision of "stationary, printing, paper, and fuel" for state agencies and the legislature. They also oversee public bond issues. The treasurer is ex officio the treasurer of the Mississippi Employment Security Commission and chair of the College Savings Plan of Mississippi Board. They are also ex officio a member of several other state boards, including the State Bond Commission, Public Employees Retirement Board, Mississippi Business Finance Corporation, Mississippi Development Bank, License Tag Commission, Tort Claims Board, Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association Board, Mississippi Guaranty Pool Board, Economic Development Strategic Planning Task Force, State Prison Emergency and Management Board, and the Historic Properties Trust Fund Advisory Committee.

The treasurer's salary is $90,000 per year, but is set to increase to $120,000 annually in 2024.

title: Mississippi State Treasurer


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Brian Connell

Brian David Connell (born 23 April 1956) is a former New Zealand politician who represented the New Zealand National Party in the New Zealand Parliament from 2002 to 2008.

Biography
Born in Foxton in the Manawatū region, Connell studied history and geography at Massey University. He also gained a diploma in teaching. He worked as a primary school teacher for a time, then as a secondary school teacher, before moving to Australia, where he became a manager at a banking company in Victoria. After holding a number of management and consultancy positions, he returned to New Zealand and took up farming.

The voters of the Rakaia electorate elected Connell to Parliament in the 2002 election, replacing the retiring former Prime Minister Jenny Shipley as the National Party candidate. Connell served on the Law and Order and Commerce select committees.

Following Connell's re-election in the 2005 election, National Party leader Don Brash ranked him 27th in the National party caucus of 48 MPs giving him the portfolios of forestry, commerce, consumer affairs and statistics. Although this gave Connell a higher position (he was previously unranked), Connell objected to such a lowly ranking, saying "I would have liked bigger portfolios and a higher ranking based on my ability, rather than the leader slapping me around because I'm outspoken" and describing it as a "big rat to swallow". Don Brash responded by removing his portfolios and rank in the caucus, saying Connell no longer had his confidence. On 4 November 2005, Connell threatened to become an independent MP.

On 13 September 2006 TV3 News and The New Zealand Herald reported that Connell had confronted Brash during a National Party caucus meeting with allegations of an extramarital affair. Brash issued a statement later that same day, declaring plans to take leave in order to sort out marital difficulties with his wife.

The National Party caucus suspended Connell on 26 September 2006. A statement released by the National Party said that Connell had failed to show the restraint and discipline expected of a caucus member, and that it had no confidence in him.

Connell reportedly declared that he planned to grow his hair as a protest until the National Party changed its leader: he later denied this.

Having already announced his intention to retire at the 2008 election, Connell retired from Parliament on 31 August 2008 to take up a job in Brisbane.

title: Brian Connell


text:
Jiang Wen

Jiang Wen (born 5 January 1963) is a Chinese actor, screenwriter, and director. As a director, he is sometimes grouped with the "Sixth Generation" that emerged in the 1990s. Jiang is also well known internationally as an actor, having starred with Gong Li in Zhang Yimou's debut film Red Sorghum (1986), and more recently as Baze Malbus in the Star Wars film Rogue One (2016). He is the older brother of fellow actor Jiang Wu.

Early life, family and education
Hebei was born in Tangshan to a family of military personnel. He relocated to Beijing at the age of ten. In 1973 he attended Beijing No. 72 Middle School, where he studied alongside Ying Da. In 1980, he entered China's foremost acting school, the Central Academy of Drama, graduating in 1984.

Acting
After graduation from acting school, Hebei was assigned to China Youth Art Institute as an actor. That same year, he started acting both on the stage (with the China Youth Theater) and in films.

Jiang's debut role was in the film The Last Empress, portraying Puyi. He then starred in Hibiscus Town directed by Xie Jin; his role as an intellectual revolutionary earned him the Best Actor Award at the Hundred Flowers Awards. Jiang once again paired with Hibiscus Town co-star in the film Chun Tao directed by Ling Zifeng. Jiang was cast in Zhang Yimou's debut film Red Sorghum. He also performed in the France-Chinese film Tears of the Bridal Sedan and his first commercial film The Trial.

He performed in many television series, becoming especially known for his role in the 1992 television series A Native of Beijing in New York (based on the novel Beijinger in New York. It made him one of the most popular Chinese actors of his generation.

Hebei hae also starred in Black Snow (1990), Li Lianying: The Imperial Eunuch (1991), The Emperor's Shadow (1996), and The Soong Sisters (1997). Apart from Red Sorghum, Jiang also collaborated with Zhang Yimou for the 1997 film Keep Cool.

Jiang starred in several films in the early 2000s; namely The Missing Gun, Green Tea, My Father and I, Warriors of Heaven and Earth, Jasmine Women and Letter from an Unknown Woman.

Jiang continued acted in television series, such as Da Qing Fengyun (2006), in which he played Hong Taiji. He also played notable historical figures, Mao Renfeng in the propaganda film The Founding of a Republic; and Cao Cao in the historical war film The Lost Bladesman.

Jiang co-starred in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One, released in December 2016. In the film, he portrays Baze Malbus, a native of the moon of Jedha who is drawn into the war against the Galactic Empire.

Jiang is set to return to the small screen in the historical drama Cao Cao.

Writing and directing
Jiang wrote and directed his first film in 1994, In the Heat of the Sun, adapted from a novel by Wang Shuo. A tale set in the Cultural Revolution, it won for its young lead actor Xia Yu the Best Actor prize at the Venice Film Festival and garnered six Golden Horse Awards in Taiwan.

In 2000, Jiang co-wrote and directed the black comedy film Devils on the Doorstep. The film premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival and clinched the Grand Prix but was subsequently banned in its home country; said to undermine the country because it "seriously distorts Chinese history". Jiang himself was banned from making films for seven years. In 2001 he was a member of the jury at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival.

Jiang returned with his fourth feature The Sun Also Rises in 2007; a fantasy realism film which contains a polyptych of interconnected stories in different time-zones; the film received positive reviews from critics but bombed at the box office. He then collaborated with 10 other directors on the romance anthology film New York, I Love You.

Jiang's fifth feature, a Western-styled action comedy Let the Bullets Fly set a box office record by becoming the fastest Chinese-language film to break RMB100m mark ($15.15m) in Chinese cinemas; and received critical acclaim.

In 2013 he was named as a member of the jury at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.

In 2014, Jiang directed the action comedy film Gone with the Bullets, which screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. In 2018, Jiang directed the Republican-era spy comedy Hidden Man. The film was China's submission to the 91st Academy Awards.

Family
Jiang Wen's father is Jiang Hongqi, a veteran of the Korean War. Described as taciturn and bookish, he played a minor role in his son's 2011 film, Let the Bullets Fly. Jiang's mother Gao Yang — “a cheerful, extroverted woman” — worked as a piano teacher. Jiang Wen is the eldest son in the family; in addition to his younger brother, Jiang Wu, he has a younger sister, Jiang Huan.

Close to his family, Jiang has a deep bond with his parents: whenever he is on site for shooting or acting, he arranges for them to come to his workplace so that he can spend time with them. Each movie he makes, he saves the best seats for them and asks for their opinions. Even on artistic composition, he sometimes resorts to them for advice. It was his parents' endorsement on the original novel of A Native of Beijing in New York that propelled Jiang into his performance. Later, during the filming of his first feature film, In the Heat of the Sun, Jiang again considered their evaluation of Xia Yu, before settling on him as the leading actor.

Relationships
Jiang met his first partner, Liu Xiaoqing during the production of his debut film Hibiscus Town. As he was 23 and she was 31, their relationship was controversial in the entertainment industry at that time, although it was reported that the crew was very supportive of their relationship. Liu Xiaoqing never confirmed the relationship, but only claimed that the media pressure was so suffocating that she once considered going abroad. Years later at one ceremony, Director Xie Jin finally verified this rumor, revealing that they had actually lived together for three years. Liu and Jiang separated amicably in 1994.

In 1995, Jiang began a relationship with Sandrine Chenivesse, a Doctor of Anthropology at the University of Paris, researching philosophy and Taoism in China, at an artistic event. They married in Paris in 1997 and had a daughter together, but the marriage remained discreet until their appearance on the red carpet of the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. In 2005, Chenivesse announced their divorce, citing long-distance separation as the cause.

In 2001, during the filming of Warriors of Heaven and Earth, Jiang was introduced to cast member Zhou Yun, by fellow actress Zhao Wei. Later, Jiang recommended Zhou to the cast of The Music Box, but each left the crew after a creative difference between Jiang and the director Chen Yifei. Jiang and Zhou married in 2005 and have two sons together.

title: Jiang Wen