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Outrigger boat

Outrigger boats are various watercraft featuring one or more lateral support floats known as outriggers, which are fastened to one or both sides of the main hull. They can range from small dugout canoes to large plank-built vessels. Outrigger boats can also vary in their configuration, from the ancestral double-hull configuration (catamarans), to single-outrigger vessels prevalent in the Pacific Islands and Madagascar, to the double-outrigger vessels (trimarans) prevalent in Island Southeast Asia. They are traditionally fitted with Austronesian sails, like the crab claw sails and tanja sails, but in modern times are often fitted with petrol engines. Unlike a single-hulled vessel, an outrigger or double-hull vessel generates stability as a result of the distance between its hulls rather than due to the shape of each individual hull. As such, the hulls of outrigger or double-hull boats are typically longer, narrower and more hydrodynamically efficient than those of single-hull vessels. Compared to other types of canoes, smaller outrigger canoes can be quite fast, yet are also capable of being paddled and sailed in rougher water. This paddling technique, however, differs greatly from kayaking or rowing. The paddle, or blade, used by the paddler is single sided, with either a straight or a double-bend shaft. These vessels were the first true ocean-going ships, and are an important part of the Austronesian heritage. They were the vessels that enabled the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan into the islands of both the Indian and Pacific Ocean from around 3000 BC. They comprise the bulk of traditional boats in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. They have spread to other cultures Austronesians came into contact with, notably in Sri Lanka and southern India as well as in the coast of East Africa. In modern times, outrigger vessels are used in the sport of sailing. Catamaran and trimaran configurations are also widely used for high speed craft.

History
Outrigger boats were originally developed by the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the islands of Southeast Asia for sea travel. It is believed that the use of outriggers may have been initially caused by the need for stability on small watercraft after the invention of crab claw sails some time around 1500 BCE.

Outrigger boats were essential in the transportation of Austronesians both eastward to Polynesia and New Zealand and westward across the Indian Ocean as far as Madagascar during the Austronesian migration period. The Austronesian peoples (Malagasy, Maritime Southeast Asian, Micronesian, Melanesian, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, and Polynesian peoples) continue to be the primary users of the outrigger boats.

The simplest form of all ancestral Austronesian boats had five parts. The bottom part consists of single piece of hollowed-out log. At the sides were two planks, and two horseshoe-shaped wood pieces formed the prow and stern. These were "sewn" together with dowels and lashings. They had no central rudders but were instead steered using an oar on one side. The ancestral rig was the mastless triangular crab claw sail which had two booms that could be tilted to the wind. These were built in the double-canoe configuration or had a single outrigger on the windward side. In Island Southeast Asia, these developed into double outriggers on each side that provided greater stability. The triangular crab claw sails also later developed into square or rectangular tanja sails, which like crab claw sails, had booms spanning the upper and lower edges. Fixed masts also developed later in both Southeast Asia (usually as bipod or tripod masts) and Oceania.

Early researchers like Heine-Geldern (1932) and Hornell (1943) once believed that catamarans evolved from outrigger boats, but modern authors specializing in Austronesian cultures like Doran (1981) and Mahdi (1988) now believe it to be the opposite.

Two canoes bound together developed directly from minimal raft technologies of two logs tied together. Over time, the double-hulled canoe form developed into the asymmetric double canoe, where one hull is smaller than the other. Eventually the smaller hull became the prototype outrigger, giving way to the single outrigger canoe, which diverged into the reversible single outrigger canoe in Oceania. Finally, the single outrigger types developed into the double outrigger canoe (or trimarans). This would also explain why older Austronesian populations in Island Southeast Asia tend to favor double outrigger boats, as it keeps the boats stable when tacking. But they still have small regions where catamarans and single-outrigger boats are still used. In contrast, more distant outlying descendant populations in Micronesia, Polynesia, Madagascar, and the Comoros retained the double-hull and the single outrigger boat types, for the technology of double outriggers never reached them (exceptions being western Melanesia). To deal with the problem of the instability of the boat when the outrigger faces leeward when tacking, they instead developed the shunting technique in sailing, in conjunction with reversible single-outriggers. When Magellan's ships first encountered the Chamorros of the Mariana Islands in 1521, Antonio Pigafetta recorded that the Chamorros' sailboats far surpassed Magellan's in speed and maneuverability. Similarly, the Spanish priest Francisco Combés, describing the large karakoa outrigger warships of the Visayan Islands in the Philippines, remarked: "'That care and attention, which govern their boat-building, cause their ships to sail like birds, while ours are like lead in this regard.'" Outrigger fishing canoes are also used among certain non-Austronesian groups, such as the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka, where they are known as oruwa, as well as among some groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They can also be found in East Africa (e.g., the ungalawa of Tanzania).

The acquisition of the catamaran and outrigger boat technology by the non-Austronesian peoples in Sri Lanka and southern India is the result of very early Austronesian contact with the region, including the Maldives and Laccadive Islands. This is estimated to have occurred around 1000 to 600 BCE and onwards. This may have possibly included limited colonization that have since been assimilated. This is still evident in Sri Lankan and South Indian languages. For example, Tamil paṭavu, Telugu paḍava, and Kannada paḍahu, all meaning "ship", are all derived from Proto-Hesperonesian *padaw, "sailboat", with Austronesian cognates like Javanese perahu, Kadazan padau, Maranao padaw, Cebuano paráw, Samoan folau, Hawaiian halau, and Māori wharau. The technology has persisted into the modern age. Outrigger boats can be quite large fishing or transport vessels. In the Philippines, outrigger boats (called bangka or paraw) are often fitted with petrol engines. The links between seafaring and outrigger boats in the Philippines extend through to political life, in which the smallest political unit in the country is still called "barangay" after the historical balangay outrigger boats used in the original migrations of the first Austronesian peoples across the archipelago and beyond. The Polynesian Voyaging Society has two double-hull sailing catamarans, Hokulea and Hawaiiloa, and sails them between various islands in the Pacific using traditional Polynesian navigation methods without instruments. The Hikianalia and Alingano Maisu are other extant double-hulled voyaging canoes.

Terminology and linguistics
The German linguist Otto Dempwolff (1934-1938) originally reconstructed the Proto-Austronesian word for "boat" as *waŋkaŋ, and included the reflexes for both *baŋkaʔ and *waŋkaʔ as its descendants. However modern linguists like Robert Blust generally reject this. Mahdi (2016) instead reconstructs four words for "boat" in the Austronesian languages, all ultimately derived from the monosyllabic protoforms *Cu and *baŋ. They are:
 * a) *qaCu - cognates include Squliq-Atayal qasuʔ, Pazeh ʔasuʔ, and Bunun hatoʔ
 * b) *qabaŋ - cognates include Kanakanavu abaŋɯ, Oponohu-Rukai havaŋu, Siraya avang, Gaddang ʔabaŋ, Tiruray ʔawaŋ, Iranun awaŋ, Mentawai abak, and Moken kabaŋ
 * c) *baŋkaʔ - cognates include Kavalan baŋka, Tagalog baŋkaʔ, Tausug baŋkaʔ, Mori and Muna baŋka, and Sumbawa baŋka
 * d) *waŋkaʔ' - cognates include Manggarai and Rembong waŋka, Tobati wăgě, Yabem waŋ, Suau waga, Fijian waqa, Tongan vaka, and Hawaiian waa; Tahitian and Samoan vaa

Instead of being cognates, the protoforms *baŋkaʔ and *waŋkaʔ are believed to be doublets. The protoforms *qabaŋ and *baŋkaʔ are composites with a common precursor, with the *qa- and -*ka positioned differently. Only *qaCu and *qabaŋ can be traced back to Proto-Austronesian, with the rest being later developments.

The outrigger float is called the ama in many Polynesian languages (compare Hawaiian ama, Māori ama, and Samoan ama, all meaning 'outrigger float'), realisations of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saRman 'outrigger float'. Similar terms also exist in other Malayo-Polynesian languages, such as Pohnpeian dahm, Yapese thaam, Ambonese Malay semang, all meaning 'outrigger float', as well as Chamorro sakman meaning '[a] large canoe.' The outrigger boom—spars connecting the ama to the main hull (or the two hulls in a double-hull canoe)—are called iako in Hawaiian and kiato in Māori (with similar words in other Polynesian languages), ultimately from Proto-Oceanic *kiajo or its doublet *kayajo both meaning 'outrigger boom' (compare Loniu kiec, Kiribati kiaro, and Tongan kiato, as well as Seimat ayas and Gedaged ayad, all meaning 'outrigger boom'). In Philippine languages, the outrigger floats are called katig or kate, from Proto-Philippine *katiR.

Types
Double-outrigger boats are more prevalent in Southeast Asia, though single-outriggers and catamarans also exist. They have two outrigger floats connected to spars lashed across a single hull. They range in size from small vessels like the jukung, vinta, and the paraw; to medium-sized trading and fishing vessels like the balangay and basnigan; to very large warships like the karakoa and kora kora. In Philippine vessels, additional booms called batangan are usually added across the outrigger spars (tadik), in between the outrigger floats (katig) and the main hull (bangka). In modern terminology, especially in leisure or sport boating, double-outrigger ships are usually termed trimaran or triple-hull ships.

An unusual type of double-outrigger boat design, preserved in scale models in the Pitt Rivers Museum, forms a triangle shape. The front ends of the outriggers are attached directly to the hull, while the rear ends are splayed out. These boats were small and used exclusively as passenger ferries in the Pasig River of the Philippines.

Catamarans and single-outrigger canoes are the traditional configurations in Polynesia, Micronesia, and Madagascar. In the Pacific Islands, a single outrigger float is called an ama. It is connected to the main hull by spars called iako (Hawaiian), iato (Tahitian), or kiato (Māori). The ama, which is usually rigged on the left side, provides stability. The paddlers need to be careful to avoid leaning too far on the opposite side of the ama, as that may cause the canoe to capsize (huli or lumai). Double-outrigger configurations, a later innovation from Southeast Asian Austronesians, never reached Oceania.

Single-outrigger dugout canoes also survived until recent times in some parts of the Philippines. Examples include a specimen in the University of Southampton from Manila Bay collected in the 1940s, as well as boats from Lake Bulusan and Lake Buhi of the Bicol Region of southern Luzon from as recently as 2015. The single outrigger is used to provide lateral stability, while still allowing fishermen to work with fishing nets. These boats were paddled and were not equipped with sails. They have largely disappeared in modern times, partly due to the scarcity of suitable timber and partly due to the relative cheapness of fiberglass boats.

List of traditional outrigger vessels by region
The following is an incomplete list of traditional Austronesian outrigger vessels. It also includes catamarans.

Indonesia

 * Borobudur ship
 * Jellore
 * Jukung
 * Knabat bogolu
 * Kora kora
 * Londe
 * Paduwang
 * Paledang
 * Pangajava
 * Pangkur
 * Pelang
 * Perahu
 * Sandeq

Malaysia

 * Penjajap
 * Pelang
 * Perahu

Philippines

 * Armadahan
 * Balación
 * Balangay (Baloto, Biray, Biroko)
 * Bangka (Sakayan)
 * Bangka anak-anak
 * Basnigan
 * Bigiw
 * Casco
 * Djenging (Balutu, Kubu)
 * Guilalo
 * Junkun
 * Karakoa
 * Lanong
 * Pangayaw
 * Paraw
 * Salisipan
 * Tataya
 * Vinta (Dapang, Pilang)

Fiji

 * Camakau
 * Drua (Wangga tabu)
 * Takia

Papua New Guinea

 * Lakatoi

Solomon Islands

 * Tepukei

Vanuatu

 * Aka
 * Angga
 * Wangga

Caroline Islands

 * Wa
 * Wahr
 * Waserak

Kiribati

 * Baurua

Marshall Islands

 * Korkor
 * Tipnol
 * Walap

Mariana Islands, incl. Guam

 * Ladjak
 * Sakman (Flying proa)

Palau

 * Kaep
 * Wa

Yap

 * Chugpin
 * Popow
 * Wa

Cook Islands

 * Vaka
 * Vaka katea

Hawaii

 * Malia
 * Wa'a
 * Wa'a kaulua

Marquesas

 * Vaka touua

New Zealand

 * Waka ama
 * Waka hourua

Samoa

 * Alia
 * Amatasi
 * Laau
 * Lualua (Foulua)
 * Paopao
 * Vaa
 * Vaa-alo
 * Vaa-tele

Society Islands

 * Ivahah
 * Pahi
 * Tipairua
 * Vaa

Tonga

 * Hamatafua
 * Kalia
 * Pōpao
 * Tongiaki

Tuvalu

 * Paopao

Madagascar

 * Lakana

Non-Austronesian outrigger boats
The following are traditional outrigger boats acquired by other cultures from contact with Austronesian sailors.

Sri Lanka

 * Oruwa
 * Yathra doni

East Africa

 * Ngalawa
 * Laana

Modern sport
Outrigger canoe racing has become a popular canoeing sport, with numerous clubs located around the world. Outrigger Canoe Racing is the State sport of Hawaii and an interscholastic high school sport. In Hawaii, entire families participate in summer regattas with age groups from keiki (children as young as 6 with an adult steersperson) and age 12 through age 60+.

Major races in Hawaii include the Molokai Hoe 43 mi men's race from the island of Molokai to Oahu across the Kaiwi Channel, Na Wahine O Ke Kai (same race for women) and the Queen Liliuokalani Race held near Kona on the Island of Hawai.

In modern sport outrigger canoeing, ships are classified according to the configuration and number of the hulls and the number of paddlers, including the OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4 and OC6 (with the respective number of paddlers using a single-hull outrigger canoe), and the DC12 or OC12 (with twelve paddlers using a double-hull outrigger canoe, two six-person canoes rigged together like a catamaran). Outriggers without a rudder are referred to as V1, V2, etc. (where V refers to vaa).

Six-person outrigger canoes (or OC6) are among the most commonly used for sport use; single-person outrigger canoes (or OC1) are also very common. Two and four-person outrigger canoes are also sometimes used, and two six-person outrigger canoes are sometimes rigged together like a catamaran to form a twelve-person double canoe.

Modern OC6 hulls and amas are commonly made from glass-reinforced plastic. However, some canoes are made of more traditional materials. In Ancient Hawaii, canoes were carved from the trunks of very old koa trees. These canoes, although rare, are still very much in use today. The iako are usually made of wood; the iako-ama and iako-hull connections are typically done with rope wrapped and tied in an interlocking fashion to reduce the risk of the connection coming completely apart if the rope breaks.

Modern OC1 hulls and amas are commonly made from glass-reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and/or Kevlar to produce a strong but light canoe. OC1 are often made with rudders operated by foot pedals. More traditional designs do not have rudders. OC1 commonly use iako made of aluminium or carbon fiber, with a mechanism for quickly assembling and disassembling the canoe (snap buttons, large wing nuts, etc.).

Roles
In an outrigger canoe, the paddlers sit in line, facing toward the bow of the canoe (i.e., forward, in the direction of travel, unlike rowing). The seats are numbered from 1 (closest to the bow) to the number of seats in the canoe, usually 6. The steerer (or steersman or steersperson) sits in the last seat of the canoe (seat 6 in the common OC6) and, as the name indicates, is primarily responsible for steering. The paddler sitting in seat 1 is called the stroke (or stroker) and is responsible for setting the pace of the paddle strokes. The stroker should have a high level of endurance to keep the rate (the number of strokes taken in a given amount of time) manageable for whatever the situation may be. The first two positions may also be involved in certain steering manoeuvers. This usually involves the draw stroke. During a tight turn, the one seat might poke to make the canoe turn the opposite way. In the middle of the canoe (seats number 3 and 4) known as the powerhouse are the strong and powerful paddlers. Any of the 2 can be the 'caller' who directs when to switch over their blades, when to pick up or slow down the stroking pace, etc. Whoever is caller must have very good leadership skills and know how to think off the top of their heads in any situation. Every position has an important role to play in the canoe.

In an OC1, the single paddler must also steer the canoe. Some OC1s have rudders operated by foot pedals, while OC1s without rudders must be steered by drawing and paddling as needed for steering purposes while paddling to move the canoe forward.

Steersman
A good steersman is able to maintain the straight attitude of the canoe throughout the course of a race, and also keep the boat and the crew safe in rough sea conditions. They may also take advantage of water conditions to gain extra speed by surfing. The steersman uses a single bladed steering paddle which has a larger blade than a standard outrigger paddle, is built stronger, and has less or no bend in its shaft. They steer by the following methods:
 * Poking: holding the paddle vertically against the side of the canoe, causing drag on that side to cause the canoe to turn that direction. (left to go left and right to go right)
 * Drawing: paddling at a 45 to 90-degree angle to pull water under the canoe, causing the canoe to turn the opposite direction.
 * Posting: holding the paddle in the water out to the side with the forward edge angled opposite to the desired turn direction, usually as a prelude to drawing.
 * Paddling: by applying power on one side of the canoe, the steersman can influence to a small degree which way the canoe will turn.  Paddling also increases the total power moving the canoe forward compared to the other steering methods. The steersman should try and paddle as much as possible so he or she doesn't slow down the canoe by contributing to the amount of weight in the canoe.

A steersman also skippers the canoe and instructs all other paddlers as necessary. As an outrigger canoe is a long narrow canoe with the steersman placed at the very end, the steersman must give instructions sufficiently loudly and clearly for the entire crew to hear. From a water safety perspective the steersman should also be among the most experienced crew members, and be knowledgeable with the waterways and weather conditions, relevant maritime rules and other safety considerations such as the use of personal flotation devices, rigging of the canoe, placement of paddlers in the various seating positions, and recovery from a huli by righting the canoe and bailing out the water. The steersman should also be able to keep the ama down during rough water.

Paddlers
Paddlers use single-bladed paddles, usually with single or double bent shafts. The paddling stroke is similar to that of most other racing canoe paddling strokes, involving primarily core and lat strength. Generally, each paddler paddles on the opposite side from the paddler in directly front (for example, in an OC6, paddlers in seats 1, 3, and 5 paddle on one side, while paddlers in seats 2 and 4 paddle on the other side). All paddlers switch sides simultaneously on a call from one who is the designated caller. The steerer may paddle either side or switch sides as needed for steering purposes. The steersman will also switch sides to keep the ama from popping up and capsizing the canoe.

Stronger paddlers are typically placed in the middle of the canoe, while paddlers with the most endurance tend to be placed at the front, as the lead paddler sets the pace for the crew. All other paddlers synchronize their strokes to the paddler in front of them (whom they can directly see).

In rough water, it is often desirable to have a paddler with steering skill in seat 5 (of an OC6), to allow for the steerer to have that paddler also take steering strokes if needed in some situations. In conditions when the boat is surfing, the stern of the canoe will be so far out of the water that seat 5 will have to keep the boat on course. A seat 5 paddler with steering skill can also assist in preventing a huli by staying on the ama side during a particularly rough stretch of water.

In water rough enough to splash into the canoe, paddlers also need to pay attention to the water level in the canoe, report the situation to the steerer, and bail out the water as necessary. Paddlers also need to know how to recover from a huli under the steerer's direction.

In a quick turn situation, paddlers at the front may also be instructed to une (poke steer, causes the canoe to turn the opposite direction) or kahi (post and draw steer, pulls the canoe to the side where this is done) to help bring the canoe around a turn quickly.

Racing
The length of a race ranges from short sprints (e.g., 250–500 metres for the OC1 and the OC12, 500–2000 metres (usually includes turns) for the OC6) to longer events, including marathons (e.g., 42 kilometres). A number of races are raced over distances that far exceed 42 kilometres, including the Molokai Hoe that crosses the Kaiwi Channel between the islands of Molokai and Oahu in Hawaii. However, long-distance races of 20 to 30 kilometres are more common, with shorter 5 to 8 kilometre courses typically being offered to novice paddlers and those under 20 years of age.

Longer races involving the OC6 often involve paddler replacements, which involve exit and entry to the canoe directly from the water while the canoe is underway (this is called a water change). Typically, nine paddlers form a crew, with six paddling the OC6 and the other three resting, drinking, and/or eating on an escort boat. Replacement typically occurs at 20 to 30 minute intervals; the escort boat drops the relief paddlers into the water ahead of the OC6, which is steered toward them. The relief paddlers climb in on the ama side as those they are replacing roll out into the water on the opposite side. The escort boat then picks up the paddlers in the water so that they can rest, drink, and/or eat before they, in turn, relieve some of the paddlers in the OC6. The longer races are typically conducted in the open ocean, e.g., between islands in the South Pacific. The Molokai Hoe in Hawaii, The Hamilton Cup in Australia, The Vaka Eiva in Rarotonga (Cook Islands), The Motu2Motu in Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and the Catalina Channel crossing in California are four examples of races involving water changes.

Paddlers and crews are usually classified by gender and age. Gender classification is typically straightforward, with male, female, and coed classifications, with the latter being a crew with equal numbers of male and female paddlers (different rules may apply to nine-person coed crews doing a race with paddler replacements). Age classifications typically include youth divisions like 19-and-under, 16-and-under, etc., master divisions with minimum ages typically starting at 35 or 40 years of age, and an open division which allows paddlers of any age. A novice division for paddlers with less than a specified number of years of race experience (usually one or two) may also exist in a given association.

In some races, a particular type of outrigger canoe, usually a more traditional design for the region, may be given its own racing classification. For example, races in Hawaii have a koa division, while southern California has a Bradley OC6 division and northern California OC1 sprint races have a traditional (no rudder) division.

Organisations
The International Va'a Federation (IVF) oversees va'a racing worldwide, including the IVF World Championships and at the Pacific Games.

Outrigger racing organizations in the United States include the East Coast Outrigger Racing Association (ECORA), the Hawaiian Canoe Racing Association (HCRA), the Northern California Outrigger Canoe Association (NCOCA), the Southern California Outrigger Canoe Association (SCORA), and several more.

title: Outrigger boat


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zionist Revisionism

Zionist Revisionism was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Although redirects plus deletes do form a rough consensus, there is no consensus (as per wikipedia policy) that this means anything. Any attempt to resolve this VfD by newly-formed policy would not seem to be legitimate, especially because partisans in this dispute dominate talk for the new policy.

The VfD tally suggests that many wikipedian's would be in favor of redirecting this, but this should be brought up on the talk page of this article. I'm removing VfD from this article. Please discuss possible redirects or moves on the talk page. Cool Hand Luke  23:49, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Votes
This page is just another attempt of Alberuni to spread his political bias on Wikipedia. You do not, for example, see a page on Palestinian Revisionism. During any conflict, there is a tendency for people to "cover up" things they percieve to be harmful to their case.--Josiah 00:20, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * ''Please note: due to some complications, we have a few articles that are duplicated. Please comment on User talk:Ta bu shi da yu/Revisionism in the Israel-Palestine Conflict.

 * Delete. No such belief exists. Someone has rewritten the article on Holocaust denial, and attributed these beliefs to Jewish people. It is not appropriate for fictitious material to be accepted in a peer-reviewed encyclopedia. To whom can one appeal? I now know that anyone can contribute, but who are the reviewers who check for this sort of thing? I would like to contact them, by regular mail or e-mail. Previously I identified myself as Been to New Jersey, and knowing what I am missing, and not missing it., but perhaps I should add that I have Been to Columbia, and knowing what I am missing, and not missing it..
 * Invalid listing. Bias is not a reason for deletion, as set forth in Deletion policy, and pages are not required to be balanced by other pages. User:Yoshiah ap hasn't listed any other valid reasons (his main objection seems to be that it's written by Alberuni), so I contend this VfD listing is invalid. --style 12:55, 2004 Oct 26 (UTC)
 * Bias is not a reason for deletion - however "inherent bias" (i.e. articles irretrievably on the wrong side of NPOV) is. Chris 01:36, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, or alternatively Redirect following Mirv's suggestion. Highly POV and appears to be original research. Also, author appears to be resisting any attempts to NPOV it or make it useful.  Jayjg 02:30, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Please see Deletion policy. You will find that bias is not a valid reason to delete a page. As for your claim this article is original research: How? Alberuni lists two sources, more than most articles. --style 12:55, 2004 Oct 26 (UTC)
 * The Deletion policy is not exhaustive, merely illustrative. And the idea that the examples represent "Zionist Revisionism" is original research on Alberuni's part; for it not to be original research, rather than presenting his own thesis, he would have to present the work of others who describe the examples given as "Zionist Revisionism". Jayjg 17:31, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. The topic certainly exists. Just as Josiah pointed out, it happens in any conflict. I agree that the article is highly POV. It would probably be better to redo from scratch, with some more distant, concrete examples of revisionism. jericho4.0 02:52, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Jericho4.0, but vote for Keep . Cleanup needs to occur, but topic is valid and not, I don't think, coverable in any less of a POV title.. except perhaps "Claims of Zionist Revisionism"? Hmm. Covering the other side(s) is, of course, welcome as well, as the Palestinians certainly produce their share (perhaps greater) of propogandic, ahistorical nonsense. --Improv 08:02, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to the page mentioned by Ta Bu Shi Da Yuu. --Improv 08:04, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or Redirect to the article mentioned by Mirv. I forgot to mention my vote. My reason is that we do not create a page for the "revisionism" done by people in every conflict, now do we? Additionally, there is no Palestinian equivalent, and as Jayjg said, it appears to be original research.--Josiah 02:14, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just because there is no article Palestinian revisionism bears no relation to whether this article should be removed. If you Josiah beleives there is such a thing, then I would urge him to start the article. I also beleive this is a valid topic, as in the article specific examples are cited. The article badly needs NPOVing however, though this has never been a reason to delete an article. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:50, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * REDIRECT to Israeli-Palestinian history denial, which is respectable. Doesn't look like there's anything worth salvaging in this article though. —No-One Jones (m) 05:03, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ditto TBSDY's points. --style 07:03, 2004 Oct 26 (UTC)
 * Delete. Else redirect, per Mirv's idea. Ambi 07:06, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to something appropriate, so it doesn't end up being created again. — siro  χ  o  08:30, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect or Delete. IZAK 09:46, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, and Ban User for continuous and blatant disregard for Wiki's NPOV rules. Terrapin 14:06, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * First option: Delete. Second option: Redirect. This applies to both the original and the moved page. The original page might be best redirected to the (unrelated) Revisionist Zionism. Banning Alberuni is not a bad idea at all, but not the purpose of this page. Gadykozma 14:18, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Radman1 17:11, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, for incurable revert war bait. I agree that POV in and of itself is not deletable, but incurable POV and or edit war bait is.  Wikipedia is not a soapbox. -Vina 18:43, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve. Although Alberuni is a notorious thought criminal who enrages Zionist bigots with his expressions of political opposition to Israel and Zionism on Talk pages, the page Zionist Revisionism is a valid entry related to Revisionist history, Negationism, Hasbara, etc. --Alberuni 19:30, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Just delete it. Everyking 01:46, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. NeoJustin 03:48, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Israeli-Palestinian history denial or other appropriate article, or Delete. Creating a new name for the same subject to increase personal control over content is inappropriate.  -- WOT 16:07, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP. As we have many of Zionist Revisionists right here (hello, Josiah, Gadykozma, Ambi, and the rest of "hasbara" troops) the subject is worth exploring. The title is clearly NPOV (more NPOV than the lumping of revisionists and deniers together under Holocaust denial.) POV complaints about contents should be made at the article Talk. HistoryBuffEr 00:47, 2004 Oct 29 (UTC)
 * Redirect. An article with topics this sensitive needs both sides represented equally — both accusations and rebuttals on all issues.  As a non-Zionist (but not pro-Zionist nor anti-Zionist), both pro-Zionist and anti-Zionist views must be portrayed in equal mutual balance, or it will be an endless can of worms with more VfDs.  Both pro-Zionism and anti-Zionism have publishable arguments as well as their share of occasional vitriol.  Let's maintain a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation, because (in my opinion) nihilism is caustic and only catalyzes more nihilism.  There is a difference between calm argument and screaming matches, and the latter need never exist, no matter how angry someone is.  Ever.  And keeping the issues in separate articles just invites confusion and screaming.  So, you have my vote.  It is emphatically final.  Period.  Get on with your lives. - Gilgamesh 02:36, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP. This is actually an important phenomenon in it's own right and includes myths such as: Palestine doesn't exist, there are no Palestinians, Jordan is Palestine, Palestinians were not expelled by Israel, Palestinians are economic migrants from neighbouring countries, Arabs didn't exist prior to the 6thC etc. John Ball 12:14 29 Oct 2004.
 * Redirect or Delete. --Viriditas 13:49, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Rename or merge to Revisionism in the Israel-Palistine Conflict. Wikipedia should explore all claims in an NPOV manner, and in this case, that can only be done in a balanced article.  However, deleting would be better than it remaining in its current location.  --L33tminion 18:10, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research and POV. Gamaliel 22:01, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The statement that there is no "balancing" article is insufficient to delete/redirect this article.  If you have a problem with the article's content: create a "counter" article, so to speak, or balance out this article.  The options are there:  feel free to use them. --Cwgannon 22:04, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Vote Tally
Final Tally (after 5 days per VfD rules, at 00:40, 2004 Oct 30 (UTC))

Total votes = 23
 * Keep = 7/23 = 30%.
 * Delete = 12/23 = 52% (includes double votes "Delete or Redirect")
 * Redirect = 12/23 = 52% (includes double votes "Delete or Redirect")

Conclusion: No consensus, thus Keep. Someone please remove this VfD. HistoryBuffEr is talking about the fact that the paragraph you quoted was added to the policy by me, and quite recently at that (BTW, HistoryBuffEr, Josiah was probably not aware of this fact and you really should explain it before attacking him). Therefore HB is right in that quoting the policy may be inappropriate here. However, HB is wrong in assuming I changed the policy somehow — I merely clarified what was the de-facto policy before. Gadykozma 16:09, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Incorrect, "HistoryBuffEr", who yet again did not sign his name. The majority voted for Redirect, which is all that is required for a redirect.--Josiah 05:50, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You're mistaken, VfD decisions need consensus, which is more than simple majority. HistoryBuffEr 17:17, 2004 Oct 31 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia Deletion policy says "Redirect does not require a rough consensus — a regular majority is enough to apply this decision."--Josiah 18:26, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Very cute, Gadykozma adds his opinion on how Redirects should be handled to the VfD policy page and then you cite that as the actual policy. Gadykozma's personal opinion has been removed from the VfD policy. HistoryBuffEr 18:42, 2004 Oct 31 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about???--Josiah 01:07, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Can't you read? What you quoted about Redirects needing only a majority is just Gadykozma's personal opinion, not official VfD policy (VfD and its policy are about DELETE only, not Redirect.) HistoryBuffEr 03:40, 2004 Nov 1 (UTC)
 * Again, I ask, what the heck are you talking about? I went to the VfD policy page and directly quoted it.--Josiah 03:52, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * This "final tally" was done by HistoryBuffEr who has a tendency to forget to sign and to forget that redirect does not require special majority. Gadykozma 02:11, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How amusing, Gadykozma. I forgot to sign for (probably) the first time in WP and tally is not supposed to be signed, but now I "have a tendency to forget"? As for the tally, I have already included your gang's votes twice (even though we should use the "one person, one vote" rule) and you still complain. Tough luck: There is no rule that would allow any action to be taken without consensus. But keep dreaming. HistoryBuffEr 02:32, 2004 Oct 30 (UTC)
 * HistoryBuffEr's erroneous claim that is posted without attribution (as if it was authoritative) is striken by Viriditas. HistoryBuffEr has been repeatedly told that the tally does not end after five days.  --Viriditas 05:04, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You've been repeatedly told that the tally does not end after five days, so why do you keep claiming that it does? --Viriditas 05:00, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * You did not "forget" to sign for the first time. You did the exact same thing on VfD/Occupation of Palestine, and you didn't sign your name in order to make it look authoritative, which it wasn't.  You've been repeatedly told that the tally does not end after five days, so why do you keep claiming that it does?  --Viriditas 05:00, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Voting for Deletion does end after 5 days, per wikipedia policy at:Deletion_policy--Josiah 05:51, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * The deletion policy doesn't say that. It says that after five days an admistrator may act on the consensus decision -- if it has been reached. It says nothing about the cessation of voting.  This is an informal vote, after all. --Viriditas 12:12, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Votes

Keep

 * 1) Alberuni
 * 2) HistoryBuffEr
 * 3) NeoJustin
 * 4) Radman1
 * 5) Style
 * 6) Ta bu shi da yu
 * 7) John Ball

Delete

 * 1) Everyking
 * 2) Terrapin
 * 3) Vina
 * 4) Gamaliel

Delete or Redirect

 * 1) Ambi
 * 2) Gadykozma
 * 3) Jayjg
 * 4) Yoshiah ap
 * 5) WOT
 * 6) IZAK
 * 7) Viriditas
 * 8) L33tminion

Redirect

 * 1) Gilgamesh
 * 2) Mirv
 * 3) Improv(Pgunn)
 * 4) Siroxo

No Vote: Chriscf, Jericho4.0

Comments
Comment: it appears that this was moved to Revisionism in the Israel-Palestine Conflict, but then a copy and paste move was done. There are now two articles, with only one listed on VfD. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:53, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Correct. I had moved the page and edited it in an attempt to make it NPOV, but the redirect was deleted and the edits undone by user Alberuni.--Josiah 07:12, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, so what do we do now? This is now complicated by the fact there is a similar article called Israeli-Palestinian history denial. I have half a mind to take this entry off VfD temporarily, attempt a merge and then relist. - Ta bu shi da yu 11:44, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I redirected it to the article mentioned by Mirv--Josiah 19:32, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

User:HistoryBuffEr deleted comments by User:Viriditas, which were restored by Jayjg, in the vote tally area. I was under the impression that was against the rules - was I wrong?--Josiah 02:36, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Wrong claim, check history: the Viriditas comments were merely moved from Tally Total to comments below. HistoryBuffEr 17:15, 2004 Oct 31 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Gerard of Cremona

Untitled
"In the astrology text, latitudes are reckoned from Cremona and Toledo."
 * User:Bill Thayer has rightly noticed something wrong here and suggested in the html text "sounds most unlikely: shouldn't this be 'longitudes'"? Since the subject is astrology, my ignorant hunch is, shouldn't this be "angles of declension" or something similar? --Wetman 00:21, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I think that also the following sentence should be rephrased: "Toledo, which had been a provincial capital in the Caliphate of Cordoba and remained a seat of learning, was safely available to a Catholic like Gerard, since it had been conquered from the Moors by Alfonso VI of Castile" Because as it is well known, Christians were already safe during the time of the Cordoba Caliphate. The above phrasing can be understood as if the coming of the Christian kings finally allowed Christian to be and to work in Cordoba, which as far as I know is not accurate. --lnavezz 12.09.2008 —Preceding undated comment was added at 23:04, 13 September 2008 (UTC).

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title: Talk:Gerard of Cremona


text:
Talk:World Opponent Network

WON 2 needed
it seems small and not important to thisNbisbo (talk) 08:25, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Untitled
Is there anything else that can be said about WON? I doubt it. As such, I have removed the. Feel free to dispute. --AdamM 00:24, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You forgot to mention Valve's aquisition of WON in 2001. I'm not sure exactly when in 2001, but it was hardly a year after it was turned over to Flipside. I have added this fact. I did not mention, however, that in the months it was under Flipside, the service on WON became more choppy and sporadic. Most players applauded when Valve took the reigns. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 18:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this a joke, people hated Valve's take-over. People started WON2, plus WON still exists (for all of Sierra Entertainment's games and Flipside Entertainment's games, not to mention countless petitions to get Valve games back on WON.--24.171.0.229 (talk) 04:27, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

You guys could add when WON was started. This article also looks very dated and low quality. 2601:282:A01:8D0:B44C:59D0:820C:6260 (talk) 22:48, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

Non-Valve games?
WON still seems to be used by some non-Valve games, like Tribes. What's up with that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kinkoblast (talk • contribs) 13:26, May 13, 2006

I'm not sure on the status of WON, so i can't really write anything in the article. However, it is still used by Homeworld, too. It's still functioning. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.166.38.204 (talk • contribs) 13:20, August 6, 2007

current WON games?
How is it dead if people still play games on it and it still exists? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.171.0.229 (talk) 04:27, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Source

 * https://web.archive.org/web/19980204092102/http://www.next-generation.com:80/news/112597c.chtml
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20000831091756/http://pc.ign.com:80/news/6820.html

The Sierra Network and the ImagiNation Network
When I began my recent rewrite of this article, I had plans to at least mention The Sierra Network (TSN) (later called ImagiNation Network) somewhere near the top. Coming into this, I was under the impression that TSN and SIGS were closely related (if not the same). The sources I uncovered, however, pointed towards an origin with the prototype game, Stock Market Challenge, and nothing, so far, has pointed towards TSN. Thus, at present, I can only assume that TSN and SIGS are only related in that they are both built upon a game's LAN capabilities to enable their own tech stacks for "online" play (and that Sierra built both of them). This makes SIGS no more related to TSN than any other LAN shim such as Kali (software).

While there is some curious overlap in titles between TSN and early SIGS (CyberStorm, Trophy Bass 2, and some Hoyle titles [not Blackjack]), the discovery that SIGS began with Stock Market Challenge and then Blackjack defeats any implied relationship between the two systems.

It is not hard to speculate that Sierra saw the beginnings of internet gaming and sold TSN (a closed network like Compuserve and AOL) to focus on getting an early jump on it. And, indeed, it looks like SIGS beat Battle.net to the market by just a few weeks. It's also not hard to speculate that maybe some of the same people at Sierra worked on both TSN and SIGS. But... as said, that is all speculation... and only worth mentioning here as a caution to avoid going there until proven.

Regardless, The Sierra Network likely deserves its own article at some point (currently, it has only a paragraph under the Sierra Entertainment article). I'm not likely to write it--I just burnt far too much time on this WON/WON-enabled games list/Silencer/Mind Control Software push. TSN is also mostly pre-Wayback Machine (archive.org) era, making it a bit less fun to research from a terminal at home (just a bit). But, if anyone cares, here are a few starting points:

 * https://web.archive.org/web/19970415170715/http://www.inngames.com/Games/index.html
 * https://archive.org/search?query=%22The+Sierra+Network%22&sin=TXT
 * https://archive.org/search?query=%22ImagiNation+Network%22&sin=TXT

...plus the more-than-odd resurrection of a small part of TSN in 2008:

juanitogan (talk) 17:39, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * https://blog.codinghorror.com/the-sierra-network-ii/

title: Talk:World Opponent Network


text:
Talk:Exasecond

Exasecond was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was CONSENSUS NOT REACHED

An amount of time that has no practical use. First, we don't use positive SI prefixes attatched to second in any practical way; we use times like days and years. Second (no pun please,) this amount of time is more than twice the universe's known age. How is this article useful?? 66.32.250.110 00:24, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't think anyone would have objected if you had been bold an redirected to 1 E18 s. And that is what I think should be done. — David Remahl 00:48, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: redirect, but add the word 'exasecond' to 1 E18 s. i think i'll start using this word.  Wolfman 00:54, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I sort of agree that the measure is useless. 1 E18 s claims to list times in the range of 1 E18–1 E19 s, however, the only listed time is 1 E12 s, the projected lifetime of the Universe. That's six orders of magnitude. I don't agree that SI prefixes to seconds are useless, since they provide a non-Earth-centric way of discussing time. It seems silly to discuss astronomical amounts of time using solar Earth years. — David Remahl 01:06, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree, it's far less Terra-centric to discuss them using units of 1/86400 of the earth's period rotation multiplied by powers of the number of human fingers. :-) [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:43, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Hehe, I do know what the second was derived from, but I believe it is now defined in terms of some property of Caesium. And I think the aliens will appreciate if we stick to one unit and don't confuse matters further. Lets choose the SI one ;-) — David Remahl 01:47, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't tell me, let me guess... in SI the base of the number system is defined as the atomic number of neon. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:00, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Does SI mandate the use of a particular base? — David Remahl 02:05, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Dpbsmith, you have brightened my day significantly. Pnot 06:13, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Beautiful :-) Isomorphic 00:26, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * ROFL! This VfD should be archived in BJAODN except... except... it is too good to be a Bad Joke.  :-)  SWAdair | Talk  08:35, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't delete. More than twice the age of the universe maybe, but the universe is projected to survive for many hundreds of billions of years yet (probably), more-or-less reasonable threories of which are seriously debated by cosmologists, and those spare exaseconds might just come in handy yet.--Pharos 01:58, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * All be the same in a hundred years, that's what I say...
 * Do you oppose a redirect too? The current article duplicates most of the info on 1 E18 s. — David Remahl 02:05, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Can be brought back when the universe is at least an exasecond old. --Improv 06:58, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I've taken this obvious opportunity to set up a redirect. Please folks, when something can be redirected in such an obvious way, don't add it to VfD.  — siro  χ  o  07:22, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * You're right. And, redirects and merge-and-redirects are visible to everyone, are revertible by everyone, don't destroy information, can be performed by non-sysops, and don't require group approval. I've noticed that they don't seem to rile people so much, either; I don't know whether that's because of the above, or whether it's just because they aren't as attention-getting. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:02, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * SI prefix + measure of something != article. Delete. Lord Bob 23:41, Oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as redirected, as per above comment by Siroxo. --Goobergunch 20:32, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Talk:Exasecond


text:
Glen Buxton

Glen Edward Buxton (November 10, 1947 – October 19, 1997) was an American guitarist who played lead guitar for the rock band Alice Cooper. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 90 on its list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". In 2011, Buxton was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the original Alice Cooper band.

Early life
Born in Akron, Ohio, Buxton moved to Phoenix, Arizona, and attended Cortez High School. Cortez High School had a paper called the Tip Sheet which detailed events going on at the school. Alongside Dennis Dunaway and Vince Furnier, Glen Buxton contributed to the school paper. His contribution was as photographer. Dunaway was sports writer for the paper and Furnier was writer of a witty editorial column. In 1964, at Cortez High School, he made his debut in a rock band called The Earwigs. It was composed of fellow high school students Dennis Dunaway, Vincent Furnier, John Tatum and John Speer. At the onset, Buxton was the only member who could play an instrument, and thus taught some of the other members to play after the group decided to take a shot at becoming a real band. They became popular locally, and changed their name to The Spiders in 1965 and later to The Nazz in 1967. In 1966–67, guitarist John Tatum and drummer John Speer left the group, and rhythm guitarist/keyboardist Michael Bruce and drummer Neal Smith joined. In 1968, to avoid legal entanglements with the Todd Rundgren-led Nazz the group changed their name to Alice Cooper, premiering their new name at their performance at the Santa Barbara County Fairgrounds on March 20, 1968.

Alice Cooper
Buxton was the co-writer of hit songs like "School's Out", "I'm Eighteen", "Elected," and "10 Minutes Before the Worm". He is credited as lead guitarist on seven albums by Alice Cooper, including the chart-topping Billion Dollar Babies. However, he was "not invited" to play on 1973's Muscle of Love and does not appear, although he is credited due to management's concerns about band image with the fans. Buxton had co-written four songs for Muscle of Love but does not play on any of them. According to drummer Neal Smith, the absence was due to "problems that Glen was having with the demons of rock and roll at that particular time..." The band sought out other guitar players to fill in, including Dick Wagner and fellow Cortez High School alum Mick Mashbir.

In an interview with Marc Maron, according to Alice Cooper, "Glen ended up being one of the great rock guitar players of all time. He created 'School's Out'. He created all that stuff." In a separate interview, Cooper stated, "Glen was not a songwriter. He would write riffs, though. They would show up on the album, and even great guitar players would say, 'What is that line? It's so weird, but it's catchy.' Mike (Bruce) was much more into chord structure. So, Glen was always sort of our icing on the cake."

Post Alice Cooper years
Throughout the late 1970s and 1980s, Buxton maintained a low profile, playing only occasional club gigs with bands like Shrapnel and Virgin. In the 1990s, Buxton lived in Clarion, Iowa, performing with local artists. In 1994 Buxton founded the band Buxton-Flynn with his long time friend, Michael Flynn. The band played shows throughout southern Minnesota and north Iowa.

Death
Buxton died of complications from pneumonia at a hospital in Mason City, Iowa, on October 19, 1997, aged 49. He had recently spent time visiting and playing music with two of his Alice Cooper bandmates and longtime friends, Michael Bruce and Neal Smith. With bassist Richie Scarlet (Frehley's Comet) filling in for Buxton's longtime friend and Alice Cooper bandmate Dennis Dunaway (who was unable to attend due to illness), and John Glenn on keyboards, Buxton, Smith, and Bruce performed on a morning radio show in Houston on October 10, 1997, and performed a concert at nightclub Area 51 in Houston on October 12, 1997. Buxton mentioned having some pain at the nightclub and his friends urged him to see a doctor, but Buxton replied he would wait until he got home. On October 19, his fiancée drove him to the hospital near his home in Clarion, Iowa, where he died of viral pneumonia. He is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Clarion, Iowa.

with Alice Cooper

 * Pretties for You (1969)
 * Easy Action (1970)
 * Love It to Death (1971)
 * Killer (1971)
 * School's Out (1972)
 * Billion Dollar Babies (1973)
 * Muscle of Love (1973) (Song writing only; does not play on the album.)

With Ant-Bee

 * Lunar Muzik (1997)

title: Glen Buxton


text:
Carlingford

Carlingford may refer to:

Canada

 * Carlingford, New Brunswick, Canada, a rural community near the US border
 * Carlingford, Ontario, a community in southwestern Ontario, Canada

Ireland

 * Carlingford, County Louth, a medieval village in Ireland
 * Carlingford Mountain, which rises nearby, the highest peak of which is known as Slieve Foy
 * Carlingford Lough, the sea loch where the village is located

Elsewhere

 * Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, Australia
 * Carlingford, a fictional small town in England, in the short stories of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897)

title: Carlingford


text:
USS Shawmut

USS Shawmut, named for the shawmut, is the name of more than one ship of the United States Navy

 * USS Shawmut (1863), an American Civil War gunboat 1863–1877.
 * Massachusetts was renamed Shawmut (CM-4) in 1917 and then it was renamed USS Oglala on 1 January 1928.
 * Salem (CM-11) was renamed USS Shawmut (CM-11) on 15 August 1945.

title: USS Shawmut


text:
File:The Doors - Full Circle.jpg

Summary
Cover for the album Full Circle by The Doors

title: File:The Doors - Full Circle.jpg


text:
Bard Graduate Center

The Bard Graduate Center: Decorative Arts, Design History, Material Culture is a graduate research institute and gallery located in New York City. It is affiliated with Bard College, located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The gallery occupies a six-story townhouse at 18 West 86th Street while the academic building and library are located at 38 West 86th Street.

Students at Bard Graduate Center focus on the study of the cultural history of the material world.

Programs
Bard Graduate Center offers two programs of study, one leading to a Masters of Arts degree and the other to a Doctor of Philosophy degree. Students in these programs can select courses dealing with various aspects of the cultural history of the material world. Bard Graduate Center also has a Gallery presenting regular exhibitions relating to the history of the decorative arts, design and material culture, as well as Focus Project exhibitions, small-scale academically rigorous exhibitions and publications that are developed and executed by Bard Graduate Center faculty and postdoctoral fellows in collaboration with students in the MA and PhD programs.

Students in the MA and PhD programs take the same courses. The curriculum for the master's degree includes a number of required courses, tutorials, independent studies, travel, and internships.

Students otherwise construct their own program of study. The BGC is known for its focus on New York and American Material Culture; History and Theory of Museums; Modern Design History; Early Modern Europe; and Comparative Medieval Material Culture (China, Islam, Europe).

Teaching
In addition to formal classes, Bard Graduate Center runs a series of evening colloquia designed to function in a kind of polyphony with the "for credit" course offerings. Regular evening seminars, which are open to the academic public, serve as foci. In addition, the History and Theory of Museums program brings in speakers affiliated with current exhibitions, and the Medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern Europe group cosponsors two annual events with the Columbia University interdepartmental group on Medieval and Renaissance studies.

The endowed lecture series bring in a regular sequence of speakers on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century France and on the history of glass. Every May the BGC participates, as the founding organizer, in the Consortium for American Material Culture, along with Yale University, Boston University, the University of Delaware, the University of Wisconsin—Madison, the Smithsonian Institution, and our local partners at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New-York Historical Society.

The hands-on examination of objects is an essential feature of study at Bard Graduate Center. Incorporated into the first-year Survey of the Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture course are "Materials Days," events that focus on the making of things, so that students can experience materiality from the maker's perspective.

Exhibitions
Bard Graduate Center Gallery present exhibitions and a broad range of exhibition-related programs including exhibition lectures, curatorial conversations, gallery talks, films, and exhibition catalogues devoted to enhancing knowledge and awareness of the material world.

Notable alumni
Notable graduates of the Bard Graduate Centre include:

 * Grace Jeffers, design educator - Master's degree in history of decorative arts (1996)
 * Sarah Archer, curator and writer - Master's degree in Decorative Arts, Design History, Material Culture (2006)
 * Daniella Ohad Smith, design historian and writer - PhD

title: Bard Graduate Center


text:
Carson Whitsett

James Carson Whitsett (May 1, 1945 – May 8, 2007) was an American keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer.

Biography
Carson Whitsett was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He joined his older brother Tim's band, Tim Whitsett & The Imperials (later known as The Imperial Show Band) and quickly became a stand-out on the B-3 organ. Following the breakup of the band, Whitsett spent time in Canada playing with Eric Mercury before an invitation to Stax Records where Tim Whitsett was now in charge of the label's East Memphis publishing arm. Carson's playing inspired bassist Donald "Duck" Dunn and drummer Al Jackson Jr. to re-emerge, along with Stax session guitarist Bobby Manuel in place of Steve Cropper, as The MG's, releasing an album in 1973.

Whitsett moved to Malaco Records, where he played in the Malaco Rhythm Section with drummer James Stroud, bassist Vernie Robbins and guitarist Jerry Puckett, appearing on Paul Simon's There Goes Rhymin' Simon album, Anita Ward's "Ring My Bell", Dorothy Moore's "Misty Blue", albums by Connie Francis and fellow Mississippian Paul Davis, one of the highest selling blues albums in Z. Z. Hill's Down Home Blues, and numerous albums by others such as Bobby "Blue" Bland, Little Milton, and Johnnie Taylor. Several Malaco acts, including Taylor and Moore, recorded songs written by Whitsett, and he produced Fern Kinney's No. 1 UK hit, "Together We Are Beautiful" in 1980.

Whitsett's first major success as a songwriter also came in 1980 with a number one song on the Adult Contemporary chart (#18 Pop, #30 Country), J. Fred Knobloch's "Why Not Me". Lorrie Morgan requested on her debut album to record Whitsett's "Dear Me", which became her first top ten hit. Another country hit followed with John Anderson's "Mississippi Moon", co-written with Tony Joe White. With longtime collaborator and friend Dan Penn and Hoy Lindsey, Whitsett penned the title track to Solomon Burke's Grammy winning album Don't Give Up on Me, later covered by Joe Cocker and Susan Boyle. Actor Peter Gallagher performed the song on the hit television show, The O.C.

Other artists who recorded songs written or co-written by Carson Whitsett include Etta James, Eddie Floyd, Johnny Adams, James Carr, Ruth Brown, and Wilson Pickett, as well as country musicians Conway Twitty and Barbara Mandrell, plus gospel singers Albertina Walker and The Staple Singers. He also played and wrote material for B. B. King, Jerry Butler, Suzy Bogguss, and Irma Thomas, among others. At least two Carson Whitsett collaborations are considered modern day blues standards in Joe Louis Walker's "Blues of the Month Club" and the W.C. Handy Award winning "One Foot in the Blues" recorded by Johnny Adams.

In 2002, Whitsett served as arranger for Patti Page, on her Sweet Sounds of Christmas CD, and in 2006, played on Janis Ian's Folk Is the New Black. He teamed again with Dan Penn and Hoy Lindsey, writing a dozen songs, arranging, and playing on the Better to Have It album by Bobby Purify in 2005. He played on several Tony Joe White albums including The Heroines in 2004 with singers Lucinda Williams, Shelby Lynne, Jessi Colter, and Emmylou Harris and 2006's Uncovered, which featured guest appearances by Eric Clapton, J. J. Cale, Michael McDonald, Mark Knopfler, and also Waylon Jennings in one of his last performances.

For several years he served as keyboardist for Kathy Mattea and became friends with Mattea's husband, songwriter Jon Vezner. During this time, Whitsett also recorded three solo piano projects. In November 2005, he was interviewed along with Spooner Oldham in Keyboard Player Magazine.

Carson Whitsett died in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 8, 2007, of brain cancer. Dan Penn said of his collaborator of the past three decades that "he played with the most authentic R&B feel of anybody I ever worked with".

title: Carson Whitsett


text:
Talk:Bob Seagren

Untitled
"He jumped his first world record (5,32m) in Fresno on May 14, 1966," Fresno, California?--Erri4a 00:29, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bob Seagren


text: Category:Tioga County, New York

title: Category:Tioga County, New York


text:
British Rail Class 127

The British Rail Class 127 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby in 1959. Thirty 4-car units were built, formed of two outer driving motor vehicles, sandwiching two intermediate trailers which were classified class 186. The technical description of such as 4-car unit was DMBS + TSL + TS + DMBS.

Usage
The units were almost exclusively used on London St. Pancras to Bedford commuter services, which earned the class the nickname "Bed-Pan" units. The class was maintained at a new purpose-built depot at Cricklewood.

Powertrain
Unlike other "Heritage" DMU units, the class 127 units had hydraulic transmission (as opposed to the more standard mechanical transmission). The gear selector in the driver's cab had a "D" position where "4" would be on other standard transmission units. As built, these units were coded Blue Square, and were therefore able to work with mechanical transmission units, provided the driver remembered to use 1,2,3,D instead of just selecting D. This was changed to a unique code of Red Triangle when a driver forgot he had a mechanical transmission unit on the rear of his train, which meant this unit was driven only in fourth gear, which burnt out the transmissions on that unit. Power was provided by C8NFLH engines supplied by Rolls-Royce. For further information on the powertrain see British Rail British United Traction.

Replacement
The class 127 units operated one of the most intensive passenger services worked by diesel multiple units and, by the late 1970s, it was clear they needed replacing. It was therefore decided to electrify the Bedford line and replace the Class 127 units with new Class 317 electric multiple units. The class 127 units should have been withdrawn by 1982, however, delays with the new trains meant they had to struggle on in service until July 1983. This was largely due to an industrial dispute with the unions over Driver only operation, which resulted in the new electric trains being stored at Cricklewood depot for nearly a year, awaiting the resolution of the dispute.

From early 1983, they had commenced operations on the Gospel Oak to Barking line at first running in three-car then finally two-car formations from November 1983 with just the two power cars. The units lasted in service on this line until eventually being withdrawn in March 1984. The units were then stored at Carlisle depot pending reuse, preservation or scrapping. Subsequently, many trailer vehicles saw further use in combination with Class 116 units, based at Tyseley depot in Birmingham. These lasted until October 1993.

Rebuilding
In 1985, 22 redundant power cars, including the first built, no. 51591, were rebuilt to form 11 two-car parcels units. Vehicles were renumbered 55966-987, and formed into sets CH910 to CH920. Units were fitted with roller shutter doors, and were based at Chester depot. The units lasted in service until 1989, when they were withdrawn.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 10 October 1964, on an eight-car London St Pancras to Bedford service, a cardan shaft failed on rear car 51591 near Wilshamstead. The failed shaft pierced two fuel tanks, which then caught fire. One person was killed and four injured by jumping from the train. The fire caused only minor damage and was brought under control by the train crew and a railwayman passenger.

Preservation

Three units have been preserved on heritage railways, although only one of these contains a trailer vehicle.

title: British Rail Class 127


text: Category:Yakima, Washington

title: Category:Yakima, Washington


text:
Wikipedia:Alternative outlets

When content (text, pages, images, etc.) is deleted, various policies and guidelines such as "What Wikipedia is not", notability, verifiability and our prohibition on original research are often cited as reasons the material does not belong here, in an encyclopedia, and rightly so. Unfortunately, this is not particularly helpful or calming to the person(s) who put in time and effort to write the material. They often see it as their hard work being casually tossed away. The phrase "try another wiki" is also sometimes used, for similar intent.

In an effort to foster a general spirit of collegiality, this page provides some referrals to alternative outlets which do allow content that Wikipedia does not. Sometimes material is submitted that is perfectly factual and verifiable, but simply outside of the scope of Wikipedia. Just because the content does not belong here does not mean it does not have value, and it is worth preserving valuable free content if we can.

Please consider directing people to these sites (or this page), rather than simply telling them that their contributions are WP:NOT wanted.

For example, Wikipedia contains a significant amount of information about the "Star Wars" media franchise, but for an even more detailed treatment, try Wookieepedia—a wiki dedicated to the "Star Wars universe". Similarly, information on the "Star Trek" franchise can be found at Memory Alpha. JurisPedia focuses on legal topics. There also are wikis devoted to specific languages or localities that may be more appropriate for a given topic.

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title: Wikipedia:Alternative outlets


text:
User:HenryEasterling

check out my webcomic at pccomic.tk

title: User:HenryEasterling


text:
User talk:Acrstudio

No Conflict of Interest
Thank you for your comment. While I appreciate your and Wikipedia's concern over conflicts of interest, I can assure you that I have no such conflict of interest. While I do know the artist Frank Holliday professionally, my endeavors related to research about this artist's work stem from my own academic work and research related to neo-expressionism coming out of the New York art world of the 1970s and 1980s with a special focus on artists and events coming out of the East Village of NYC. As both an art educator at Parsons and CUNY and as a freelance art writer who has published essays in periodicals such as Sculpture Magazine, Gay City News and who has had publications listed in indices such as the College Art Association Queer Art Caucus I feel that my research and contributions to scholarship pertaining to this topic are reliable and provided in a neutral and objective tone.

Thank you again for your service and consideration.

Kind Regards, acrstudio

Welcome
Hello, Acrstudio, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions.

I notice that one of the first articles you edited appears to be dealing with a topic with which you may have a conflict of interest. In other words, you may find it difficult to write about that topic in a neutral and objective way, because you are, work for, or represent, the subject of that article. Your recent contributions may have already been reverted for this very reason.

To reduce the chances of deletion, you might like to draft your article before submission, then ask me or any other editor to proofread it. To start creating a draft article, just click your user name at the top of the screen when you are logged in, and edit that page as you would any other. If the page you created has already been deleted from Wikipedia, but you want to save the content from it to use for that draft, don't hesitate to ask anyone from this list and they will copy it to your user page.

The one firm rule we do have in connection with conflicts of interest is that accounts used by more than one person will unfortunately be blocked from editing. It is also worth noting that Wikipedia generally does not allow editors to have usernames which specifically link them to one company or corporation. If your username does have such a name, it would be advisable for you to request a change of username.

If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! You can also just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Shire Reeve (talk) 08:54, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Acrstudio


text:
Aladár Gerevich

Aladár Gerevich (16 March 1910 – 14 May 1991) was a Hungarian fencer, regarded as "the greatest Olympic swordsman ever". He won seven gold medals in sabre at six different Olympic Games.

Biography
Gerevich is one of only two athletes to win the same event six times (despite two Games cancelled because of the Second World War). He won gold medals in 1932 and 1960, an unprecedented 28 years apart. This record for the most years between first and last Olympic medals was tied by equestrian Mark Todd of New Zealand in 2012. This record was beaten by Isabell Werth who won team dressage gold medals for the first time in 1992 and the last time in 2021 in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

Gerevich's wife, Erna Bogen (also known as Erna Bogathy), his son, Pál Gerevich, and his father-in-law, Albert Bogen (a silver medalist in team sabre for Austria at the 1912 Summer Olympics), all won Olympic medals in fencing.

In the Hungarian Olympic trials for the 1960 Rome Olympics, the fencing committee told Gerevich that he was too old to compete. He silenced them by challenging the entire sabre team to individual matches and winning every match. He missed the finals of the 1960 Olympic individual sabre event, and a possible individual gold medal, by a single touch. After retiring, he coached fencing at the Vasas Sports Club in Budapest, where he died aged 81. Asteroid 228893 Gerevich, discovered by Krisztián Sárneczky and Brigitta Sipőcz at Piszkéstető Station in 2003, was named in his memory. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 16 January 2014 (M.P.C. 86716).

title: Aladár Gerevich


text:
Bell X-22

The Bell X-22 is an American V/STOL X-plane with four tilting ducted fans. Takeoff was to selectively occur either with the propellers tilted vertically upwards, or on a short runway with the nacelles tilted forward at approximately 45°. Additionally, the X-22 was to provide more insight into the tactical application of vertical takeoff troop transporters such as the preceding Hiller X-18 and the X-22's successor, the Bell XV-15. Another program requirement was a true airspeed in level flight of at least 525 km/h (326 mph; 283 knots).

The X-22 was not a prototype of the V-22 Osprey, although it was a part of the development of tilt-rotor aircraft and Bell's work in this field of study.

Design and development
In 1962, the United States Navy announced their request for two prototype aircraft with V/STOL capability, powered by four ducted fan nacelles. Bell Helicopters already had extensive experience with VTOL aircraft and was able to utilize an already developed test mockup. In 1964 the prototype, internally referred to by Bell as Model D2127, was ordered by the Navy and received the X-22 designation. It was unveiled at an event in Niagara Falls in May 1965.

Three-bladed propellers were mounted on four wings and synchronized through a wave-interconnection system, were connected to four gas turbines which, in turn, were mounted in pairs on the rear wings. Maneuvering was achieved by tilting the propeller blades in combination with control surfaces (elevators and ailerons), which were located in the thrust stream of the propellers.

Operational history
The maiden flight of the prototype occurred on 17 March 1966. In contrast to other tilt-rotor craft (such as the Bell XV-3), transitions between hovering and horizontal flight succeeded nearly immediately. However, interest increased more towards VTOL and V/STOL properties, not the specific design of the prototype.

Due to failure of a propeller control, described by test pilot Stanley Kakol as the only non-redundant component in the power chain, the prototype crashed on 8 August 1966 and technicians stripped it for components in order to make the second prototype flight capable. The fuselage was still used as a simulator for some time afterwards.

The second X-22 first flew on 26 August 1967. Early that year, it was equipped with a variable flight control and stabilizer system from Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, which improved flight performance. Although the X-22 was considered to be the best aircraft of its type at the time, the program was canceled. The required maximum speed of 525 km/h was never reached. The second prototype was moved to Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory for further testing; the last flight occurred in 1988.

Surviving aircraft
Although not on display, the remaining craft, 151521, is currently stored by the Niagara Aerospace Museum, New York.

According to the employees at the Museum, the craft was held onto after being debated for scrapping by the Navy.

title: Bell X-22


text: Category:Dance mats

title: Category:Dance mats


text:
Jacob Gaón

Jacob Gaón (born in Vitoria, Spain, died in Tolosa, Spain, 1463) was a Jewish Basque tax collector.

The Gaóns were a Jewish family in Vitoria, Álava, today in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, Spain. In the 15th century, several of them collected taxes for the kings of Castile.

In 1463, Jacob Gaón went to the province of Gipuzkoa and reclaimed a tax called pedido to the inhabitants of the villa of Tolosa. They refused, arguing they had an exemption from paying these tributes, according to fueros and laws passed by the previous kings. Gaón menaced them, and several Tolosans killed him, cut his head off and hung it up on the top of a pillory, as a punishment for having put Tolosa up on the top of his tax collection list. When King Henry IV of Castile knew his collector had been killed, he headed to Tolosa, in order to avenge his death. The king ordered the demolition of the house in which the crime had taken place, but the killers had escaped out of town. The Guipúzcoan local authorities applied to the king, explaining the Tolosans' reasons and begging pardon for them. Eventually, Henry acknowledged that the Tolosans were exempted from this contribution and pardoned them.

title: Jacob Gaón


text: Template:ALCO diesels

title: Template:ALCO diesels


text:
Pazzi Chapel

The Pazzi Chapel (Cappella dei Pazzi) is a chapel located in the "first cloister" on the southern flank of the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence, Italy. Commonly credited to Filippo Brunelleschi, it is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Renaissance architecture.

History
Though funds for the chapel were assembled in 1429 by Andrea Pazzi, head of the Pazzi family, whose wealth was second only to the Medici, construction did not begin until about 1442. The chapel was completed in 1478. The building is considered to be an Early Renaissance masterpiece.

Formerly considered a work of Filippo Brunelleschi (d. 1446), it is now thought that he was responsible for the plan, which is based on simple geometrical forms, the square and the circle, but not for the building's execution and detailing. The most common argument for crediting Brunelleschi is the chapel's clear similarity to the Old Sacristy; others argue that his style had developed in the twenty-year interim and that the Pazzi Chapel would represent a retrograde step. The first written mention of Brunelleschi as the architect was written by an anonymous author in the 1490s. Scholars now consider the chapel as possibly the work of Giuliano da Maiano or Michelozzo. A façade thought to have been begun by Brunelleschi, of which only the lower register can be seen, was partially obscured by the addition of a porch. The main inspiration for this piece was the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria Novella, also located in Florence.

The main purpose of the building was the cathedral chapter house (meeting room for the governing chapter) and use as a classroom for the teaching of monks and other religious purposes. There was also a chapel behind the altar where the commissioning family had the right to bury its dead. The Pazzi's ulterior motive in building the chapel was probably to make their mark on the city of Florence and to emphasize their wealth and power. The fact that the city was at war with a neighboring city at the time and still acquired the funds to build this chapel showed the importance it had to the Pazzi family and the people of Florence.

The size of the chapel was predetermined by existing walls, creating an unusual situation, however, where the space was not square as in the Old Sacristy, which was the model for this building, but rectangular and transept-like and thus in contradistinction to the square, axially placed altar. Despite this, and its complex history, the building gives us insight into the ambitions of Renaissance architects in their struggle to bring coherence to the architectural language of columns, pilasters, arches and vaults. Between the pilasters in the transept there are tall, blank, round headed panels and, above them, roundels, common Renaissance decorative motifs. The architecture of the interior is articulated by the use of pietra serena, a dark, high quality, fine grained sandstone, though in fact the load-bearing structure of the building is its masonry, i.e. it is the walls that support the arches and domes, not the pilasters which are decorative rather than structural.

The tondi of the seated Apostles are by Luca della Robbia, who also did the terracotta decorations in the cupola of the porch. The glazed terracotta roundels of the Four Evangelists inside the chapel derive from similar tondos by Donatello in the Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo, Florence, with the attribute of each Evangelist holding open a book that the saint appears to be copying, an unusual iconography.

title: Pazzi Chapel


text:
Talk:List of mathematical theorems

Why this page should be merged with list of theorems
The fact that some things that fall short of mathematical rigor in some fields are called "theorems" does not appear to me to necessitate separate Wikipedia pages. The existence of separate pages causes confusion: I listed Stanley's reciprocity theorem on the list of theorems page and it didn't occur to me that there was this other page on which I would want to list it for exactly the same reason. A single "list of theorems" page could contain a note at the top saying that propositions conventionally called theorems that are not necessarily purely mathematical or that are not necessarily rigorously proved may also be included. The overlap between things appropriate for one page and those appropriate for the other is absurdly high. Michael Hardy 00:40, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of mathematical theorems


text:
Talk:Bob Klose

Untitled
The last sentence seems out of place. I plan to incorporate it into the article so it doesn't seem like a conclusion. I will also add some details about his life after Pink Floyd.

Bob or Rado?
Was is Bob or Rado Klose performing on David Gilmour's "On An Island"? The credits mention Rado Klose... CielProfond (talk) 01:27, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Aren't they one and the same man? The main article seems to claim as much. 2.29.162.169 (talk) 00:44, 17 September 2011 (UTC)AlMiles, 17 Sep 2011

Contradictions
This article says he wasn't serious about being a guitarist so he decided to leave Pink Floyd. But the band's article says he was forced to quit due to pressure from his father (and is referenced)!!! The assertion here are not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.145.3.73 (talk) 11:52, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 11:31, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=B9qn8b5c4psqh
 * . BNutzer (talk) 19:08, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Bob Klose