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Greytown, New Zealand

Greytown (Te Hūpēnui), population 2,202 (at the 2013 Census), is a rural town in the centre of the Wairarapa region of New Zealand, in the lower North Island. It is 80 km north-east of Wellington and 25 kilometres southwest of Masterton, on State Highway 2. It was awarded the title of New Zealand's Most Beautiful Small Town 2017 (pop less than 5,000).

European settlement
Greytown was first settled on 27 March 1854 under the Small Farms Association Settlement Scheme and was named after Governor Sir George Grey, who arranged for the land to be bought from local Māori. It became a Borough in 1878 and a ward of the South Wairarapa District Council in 1989.

The first Arbor Day celebration in New Zealand was held in Greytown on 3 July 1890. Greytown Beautification Society has done a lot to keep the spirit alive for many years, especially Stella Bull Park and the park bench in the park dedicated to her, which states, "Only God can make a Tree". The town has many beautiful trees and a register is kept to help protect them. The Tree Advisory Group to the Greytown Community Board actively works to preserve trees and the historic tree register is in the process of being updated in collaboration with the Greytown Community Board and South Wairarapa District Council.

Marae and Māori Parliament

Pāpāwai Marae is located east of Greytown. It is affiliated with the Ngāti Kahungunu hapū of Ngāti Kahukuranui o Kahungunu Kauiti, Ngāti Meroiti and Ngāti Moe, and the Rangitāne hapū of Ngāti Meroiti, Ngāti Moe, Ngāti Tauiao and Ngāti Tūkoko.

The marae's meeting house, named Hikurangi, dates from 1888 and is unique in that the magnificent carved ancestors that surround the pā face inward. In the late 19th century the wharenui was an important site of Te Kotahitanga, the Māori parliament movement. In the 1890s sessions were held at Pāpāwai, and were reported in Huia Tangata Kotahi, a Māori-language newspaper published by Īhāia Hūtana from 1893 to 1895. A large building was constructed at Pāpāwai to house the parliament, used for sessions in 1897 and 1898. The parliament passed a resolution to end the sale of Māori land and was visited by Governor General Lord Ranfurly, and by Premier Richard Seddon. From the 1910s Pāpāwai fell into disrepair, and little was done until the 1960s when conservation work was carried out on the carved figures. In the late 1980s the marae was fully restored, and is again in full use by the community.

The Māori name for Greytown is Te Hūpēnui, the literal translation of which is "the big snot", better translated as "the fluid that comes out of your nose at a tangi or funeral".

In October 2020, the Government committed $2,179,654 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Ngāi Tumapuhia a Rangi ki Okautete, Motuwairaka, Pāpāwai, Kohunui, Hurunui o Rangi and Te Oreore marae. The projects were expected to create 19.8 full time jobs.

Demographics
Greytown covers 5.07 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Greytown had a population of 2,466 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 228 people (10.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 363 people (17.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,044 households, comprising 1,176 males and 1,287 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female. The median age was 51.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 429 people (17.4%) aged under 15 years, 243 (9.9%) aged 15 to 29, 1,077 (43.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 726 (29.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 93.6% European/Pākehā, 9.1% Māori, 1.9% Pasifika, 2.3% Asian, and 1.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 18.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.5% had no religion, 38.1% were Christian, 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Hindu, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 543 (26.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 327 (16.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $32,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 417 people (20.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 921 (45.2%) people were employed full-time, 330 (16.2%) were part-time, and 42 (2.1%) were unemployed.

Tourism
Greytown is a popular weekend and holiday destination. The main street has a number of boutique, antique stores and cafés. The official camping ground next to the soldiers' memorial park is very popular during long weekends and holidays. Swimming is free at the Greytown Memorial Park which remains a monument to the men of Greytown who gave their lives in both World Wars. Within the park are 117 lime trees, planted in 1922 to commemorate the 117 soldiers from the community who died in WW1. With cycling becoming increasingly popular the Woodside Rail Trail is a regular spot for visitors. The 5 km rail trail winds through quiet farmland, native plantings and heritage trees to Woodside Station, with great views of the Tararua Ranges.

Horticulture
Greytown was marketed as "The fruit bowl of the Wairarapa" when fruit was grown on the west of the town with orchards like Westhaven and Pinehaven.

The Kidds came to Greytown in 1906 from Wanganui where they had been engaged in fruit growing. In 1910 they bought a twenty-acre farmlet in Udy Street which he planted with a mixture of soft fruits (blackcurrants & gooseberries) and apple trees. They made the improvement to the orchard, their main purpose in life, continually experimenting with propagating new varieties of apples. Their experiments with cross pollination resulted in the fixing of several commercial varieties, the most notable of which are the Kidd’s Orange Red, Freyburg and Gala which is grown worldwide.

Image and architecture

The town is proud of its history, claiming to have the most complete main street of Victorian architecture in the country, and of being the first planned inland town. It has played on these assets, creating a revival largely based on its architecture. Retailers like the butcher have changed their 1970s street frontage to a more Victorian one. The town recognises that buildings need to be maintained in order to maintain the town's charm and in 2016–2017 six significant building were restored/painted. This formed part of Greytown's submission for the most beautiful small town in New Zealand.

Cobblestones Museum, a regional history museum, on 167 Main Street, contains six Historic Places Trust category 2 buildings. In 2014 it opened a new exhibition building which showcases Greytown and Wairarapa history. It has embarked on an ambitious plan to restore all the listed buildings under conservation plans and now ranks as the top thing to see in Greytown on Trip Advisor.

Heritage buildings are recorded by the Greytown Heritage Trust. The Greytown Heritage Trust was formed with the primary object of encouraging and facilitating the preservation of historic buildings in and around Greytown, with particular attention being given to the Greytown Historic Heritage Precinct as defined in the Wairarapa Combined District Plan. The Greytown Hotel claims to be one of New Zealand's oldest surviving hotels.

One of the Victorian-style buildings on Main Street is The White Swan Hotel. This building was originally constructed in 1905 as a railways administration block in Woburn, Lower Hutt. In 2002, it was cut into six sections, transported over the Remutaka Hill road, re-assembled and renovated to become a hotel, restaurant and bar.

Transport
The town is linked to Wellington and Masterton by New Zealand State Highway 2, a scenic mountain route peaking at the Remutaka summit.

The town was previously linked to Wellington and Masterton by a branch rail line.

In the 1870s, when the Public Works Department announced that the Wairarapa Line railway between Featherston and Masterton was not going to pass through Greytown, local protests were successful in attaining approval for a branch line from the Wairarapa Line at Woodside, which opened on 14 May 1880. For a few months Greytown was the terminus of the Wairarapa Line, but once the extension from Woodside to Masterton opened on 1 November 1880, the branch was one of the quietest railway lines in the country.

The branch line closed on 24 December 1953, and at the time of closure its revenue was only a tenth of its operating costs. Greytown passengers are now serviced by Woodside Railway Station on the Wairarapa Line.

Education
Greytown has two schools:
 * Greytown School is a state full primary (Year 1–8) school with students as of  It was established in 1857.
 * Kuranui College is a state secondary (Year 9–13) school with students as of  It was established in 1960, replacing the district high schools in Carterton, Greytown, Featherston and Martinborough.

Sport
Greytown Rugby club, established in 1877, is one of the oldest in the country. New Zealand rugby representatives from the Greytown club were:

 * Hart Udy (1884)
 * Dan Udy (1901–03)
 * Rawi Cundy (1929)
 * Clinton Stringfellow (1929)
 * Ben Couch (1947–49)
 * Marty Berry (1986–93)

Cricket has a long history in Greytown. On New Year's Day 1867, festivities at Greytown included men's and women's cricket matches – the first known instance of women's cricket in New Zealand. Greytown Cricket Club, established later in 1867, is the second-oldest cricket club in New Zealand, and 10 years older than Test cricket. It has been the powerhouse of the Wairarapa competition, with all three Senior teams winning their competitions in the 2005–06 season, and almost repeating the feat (two out of three) in 2006–07.

There are over 30 sports clubs in Greytown which come under the umbrella of Greytown Community Sport and Leisure Society, a volunteer organisation.

The Wellington Gliding Club operates from the Greytown Soaring Centre in Papawai, approximately 4 km east of Greytown on Tilsons Road.

title: Greytown, New Zealand


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Nyumbu

Nyumbu may refer to:

 * Prince Munamwene Nyumbu Luputa, one of the nephews of the King Mwene Chingumbe and cousins of Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele
 * John Nyumbu (born 1985), Zimbabwean cricketer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nyumbu


text:
Sinclair Executive

The Sinclair Executive was the world's first "slimline" pocket calculator, and the first to be produced by Clive Sinclair's company Sinclair Radionics. Introduced in 1972, the calculator was produced in at least two versions with different keyboard markings; a variant called the Sinclair Executive Memory was introduced in 1973.

Its small size was made possible by pulsing current to the Texas Instruments TMS1802 "calculator on a chip" integrated circuit, reducing the power consumption more than tenfold. The Executive was highly successful, making GB£1.8 million of profit for Sinclair and winning a Design Council Award for Electronics.

History
The Executive was launched in September 1972 at the price of GB£79.95 plus VAT, equivalent to £0 in when adjusted for inflation. This was around half the price of comparable calculators, but still twice the average weekly wage. It was the first pocket calculator, and the first to be mass-produced, and its introduction to the market coincided with a number of other companies entering the calculator market.

Clive Sinclair, reckoning that the market for "executive toys" was not especially sensitive to price, ordered components for 100,000 calculators. The Executive was highly successful, and made 1.8 million pounds profit for Sinclair Radionics. It was well received by both domestic and foreign markets, and US$1.5 million worth of Executives were sold in Japan in early 1974 at six times the price of Japanese models. The parts, consisting of the TMS1802 chip, 22 transistors, 50 resistors and 17 capacitors, cost close to GB£10, compared with a sale price of close to GB£80. The Executive impressed the engineers at Texas Instruments, who had used the same chip to produce a longer and wider calculator that was over three times as thick and a great deal more expensive. In 1974, sales of the Executive were greater than GB£2.5 million, and Sinclair was producing 100,000 calculators each month, of which 55% were exported.

A Sinclair Executive purchased by a Russian diplomat exploded in his breast pocket, allegedly leading to an official Soviet investigation. It was found that it had been left on by accident, leading to a current drain on the batteries that overheated them until they burst.

Design
It was significantly smaller than any of its competitors, and the first calculator that could easily be carried in a pocket. According to a Sinclair executive quoted in the Financial Times, "one must always bear a packet of cigarettes in mind as the ideal size," possibly a quip on Clive Sinclair's smoking habit. The Executive weighed 2.5 oz and measured 56 x. The case, designed by Iain Sinclair, was made of black injection-moulded polycarbonate and required flexible glue to hold the two halves together.

Design Magazine described it as "at once a conversation piece, a rich man's plaything and a functional business machine". One Executive is on display at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and the futuristic design earned it the Design Council Award for Electronics in 1973. It was the first calculator designed for aesthetic appeal, and New Scientist described it as "not so much a professional calculator - more a piece of personal jewellery".

Functions
As well as four-function arithmetic, the Executive could compute squares, reciprocals, and multiply or divide by a fixed constant. The Executive could carry out sums to two, four, or six decimal places, or use a floating decimal point.

Microprocessor
The calculator was powered by a Texas Instruments TMC1802NC, a metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit with 7000 transistors. This CPU normally consumes 350 milliwatts, but by pulsing the power this requirement was reduced to 20 milliwatts. It was discovered that an early prototype continued to work if the batteries were disconnected and then reapplied quickly enough, as the capacitors in the circuit could hold a charge for up to five seconds.

Power is supplied to the chip in 1.7-microsecond pulses as determined by the storage time of a control transistor. An oscillator clock operating at 200 kilohertz during calculations and dropping to 15 kilohertz between each operation means shut-off time ranges from 3.3 microseconds during calculations to more than 65 microseconds between. The device relies on the capacitance of the chips to store information when there is no power, and 1.7 microseconds proved sufficient for the chip to carry out a single change of state of the electronics. Any calculation can be done in 1,000 such changes. This extended battery life to about 20 hours of continuous use with three small hearing-aid batteries, equivalent to about four months of normal usage.

Screen
The screen on the Executive was a monolithic seven-segment gallium arsenide light emitting diode display bought from a Canadian firm. The small screen reduced the power consumption and material costs, but it was revised several times in pursuit of lower power consumption, creating reliability problems.

Executive Memory
The Executive Memory was launched in November 1973, with the same dimensions as the original, but with the ability to memorise subtotals from any number of chain calculations. There were at least three versions, including the black and white Type 1, and the Type 2 with a gold keyboard. The Executive Memory sold at the lower price of GB£24.95.

title: Sinclair Executive


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Kazimierz Świtalski

Kazimierz Stanisław Świtalski (4 March 1886 – 28 December 1962) was a Polish politician, diplomat, soldier, military officer in the Polish Legions and 18th Prime Minister of Poland between April and December 1929.

Early life and studies
Kazimierz Świtalski was born on 4 March 1886 as the son of Albin Świtalski, governor of Rudki and Sanok, and his second wife Marie Antoinette Veith, whose grandfather, by the order of Emperor Francis I, arrived in Austrian Poland in 1834, together with eight other German families. Between 1897 and 1904 Kazimierz attended the Queen Sofia High School located in Sanok (his classmates included Zdzisław Adamczyk, Witold Fusek, Bolesław Mozołowski and Bronisław Praszałowicz). At that time, the school was led by the Organization called "Radius" (also participating in the organization were brothers Stefan and Włodzimierz Mozołowski and Samuel Herzig). On 21 June 1904 Świtalski received a certificate of maturity with honors and began studying at the Faculty of Philology at the Polish Academy in Lwów. After graduation, he received a doctorate of philosophy in 1910. In the same year he became a professor at a local high school called "gymnasium".

Polish Legions
Even in his youth Świtalski belonged to an organization of socialist independence parties called "Flame" and "Life". Along with Stanisław Kot he directed the work of the Representative Commission of Progressive Youth. In 1910 Świtalski joined the Związek Walki Czynnej (ZWC), an underground organisation formed by future Marshal of Poland and chief-of-state Józef Piłsudski and since October 1912 he was a member of the Rifle Association. In ZWC for the first time he met with Józef Piłsudski. Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he was an adjutant for Marian Kukiel at the Headquarters of the Rifle Associations in Eastern Galicia and Lwów. From 24 August until 27 October 1914 he was a soldier in the Polish Legions. On 4 November 1914, he was appointed to the rank of lieutenant. Since February 1915 he served as a military office clerk in the Military Department.

From 5 January 1916 he was the head of the office of the Legion Brigade Headquarters. He held this position until the Oath crisis. On 9 July 1917, he was arrested, and four days later dismissed from service in the Legions. As a result, he went to Lwów, where on 1 September, he joined the Polish Military Organization. During the Polish–Ukrainian War he became a member of the Polish National Committee, which played a major role in the conflict. Then he managed to escape from the besieged city with an aircraft. He went to a nearby city called Przemyśl, and later to Kraków, where he sought help for Lwów. By mid December 1918 he took part in the work of the Polish Liquidation Committee and the Interim Governing Committee.

Political and diplomatic career
During the 1926 May Coup d'état in Poland, Świtalski supported Marshal Piłsudski, rather than President Stanisław Wojciechowski. Following the Coup, he was given several political posts. In the same year he appointed the Head of the Civil Chancellery of the President and between 1926 and 1928 he was the director of the Political Department of the Ministry of the Interior. In June 1928 Świtalski became Minister of Education and from April to December 1929 he served as Prime Minister of Poland in competition with Kazimierz Bartel. In 1930 he was elected to the Sejm and between 1933 and 1935 he was its Marshal. He was appointed by the President to the Senate in 1935, where he was also Vice-Marshal. In parallel, he was also the Voivode of Kraków from December 1935 until April 1936.

After the Polish Defensive War of 1939 Kazimierz Świtalski was taken prisoner of war and taken to Woldenberg camp, where he spent the entirety of World War II. His only child, Jacek Świtalski, was killed on the first day of the Warsaw Uprising. In 1945 he returned to Poland and was imprisoned by the communist authorities from 1948 to 1956. He died in Warsaw in 1962, following injuries in a tram accident.

Honours and awards
Kazimierz Świtalski was awarded the Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari, the Order of Polonia Restituta Classes I and IV, Cross of Independence, the War Memorial Medal 1918 – 1921 and the Decade of Independence Medal, as well as the Estonian Order of the Cross of the Eagle Class I (1934).

title: Kazimierz Świtalski


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Minna Canth

Minna Canth (born Ulrika Wilhelmina Johnson; 19 March 1844 – 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist. Canth began to write while managing her family draper's shop and living as a widow raising seven children. Her work addresses issues of women's rights, particularly in the context of a prevailing culture she considered antithetical to permitting expression and realization of women's aspirations. The Worker's Wife and The Pastor's Family are her best known plays, but the play Anna Liisa is the most adapted to the films and operas. In her time, she became a controversial figure, due to the asynchrony between her ideas and those of her time, and in part due to her strong advocacy for her point of view.

Minna Canth was the first major Finnish-language playwright and prose writer after Aleksis Kivi, the national author of Finland, and the first Finnish-language newspaper woman. She was also the first woman to receive her own flag flying day in Finland, starting on 19 March 2007. It is also the day of social equality in Finland.

Life and career
Canth was born in Tampere to Gustaf Vilhelm Johnsson (1816–1877) and his wife Ulrika (1811–1893). Her father worked at James Finlayson's textile factory initially as a worker and later as a foreman. Gustaf and Ulrika had four children, Minna included, of whom the eldest, Adolf, died in infancy. Minna's surviving siblings were Gustaf (1850–1894) and Augusta (1852–1877). In 1853 her father was given charge of Finlayson's textile shop in Kuopio and the entire family relocated there.

Canth received an exceptionally thorough education for a working-class woman of her time. Even before moving to Kuopio she had attended school at Finlayson's factory which was intended for the workers' children. In Kuopio she continued to go to various girls' schools and as a testament to her father's success as a shopkeeper, she was even admitted into a school intended for upper class children. In 1863 she began her studies at the recently founded Jyväskylä Teacher Seminary, which was the first school in Finland to offer higher education for women.

In 1865 she married her natural sciences teacher, Johan Ferdinand Canth (1835–1879), and had to drop out of the Seminary. Between 1866 and 1880 she gave birth to seven children: Anni (1866–1911), Elli (1868–1944), Hanna (1870–1889), Maiju (1872–1943), Jussi (1874–1929), Pekka (1876–1959) and Lyyli (1880–1969); her husband Johan died in 1879 shortly before the birth of the family's seventh child. She began her writing career at the newspaper Keski-Suomi, where her husband worked as an editor. She wrote about women's issues and advocated temperance. In 1876 the Canths were forced to leave the paper because Minna's writings had roused some bad blood; they were, however, both employed by the competing Päijänne the following year. Minna published her first works of fiction on the pages of Päijänne: various short stories, which were compiled in her first book, Novelleja ja kertomuksia, in 1878.

Canth died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 53 on May 12, 1897 at her home in Kuopio. She was buried in a family grave in Kuopio Cemetery.

Debate
Canth stood out when there was public debate about women's rights. In 1885 a bishop had argued that God's order required that women were not emancipated. The writer Gustaf af Geijerstam then argued that men could only aspire to one day have the purity of women because they were fundamentally different and this was the reason for prostitution and other immorality. Canth objected strongly to this argument as it meant that men could defend their poor morals by reference to their implicit shortcomings, whereas any women involved in prostitution would lack the same defence.

Most important works
Minna Canth published a total of ten plays, seven short stories, as well as newspaper articles and speeches. As a central representative of realism of her time, she mainly looked at the ills of society in her works. Canth's most important works are the plays Työmiehen vaimo (The Worker's Wife) from 1885 and Anna Liisa, penned in 1895.

In Työmiehen vaimo, the main character Johanna is married to Risto, an alcoholic who wastes all his wife's money. Johanna cannot prevent him – her money is legally his, not hers. The play's premiere caused scandal, but a few months later, parliament enacted a new law about separation of property.

Anna Liisa is a tragedy about a fifteen-year-old girl who gets pregnant without being married – she manages to hide her pregnancy, and when the child is born, she suffocates it in a fit of panic. Her boyfriend Mikko's mother helps her – she buries the baby in the woods, but a few years later, when Anna Liisa wants to marry her fiancé Johannes, she is blackmailed by Mikko and his mother. They threaten her to reveal her dark secret if she does not agree to marry Mikko, but Anna Liisa refuses. In the end, she decides to confess what she has done. She is taken to prison, but is much relieved after owning up and seems to have found peace.

In popular culture
A two-part television mini-series about Minna Canth called Minna, written by Lauri Leskinen and directed by Mauno Hyvönen, was released in 1977. In the mini-series, Minna Canth is played by Anja Pohjola.

In 2022, an opera called Minnan taivas about Minna's life and work was staged in Finland, written by Veera Airas with composer Jukka Linkola.

Tribute
Canth is remembered in Finland through placenames, publications, medals, commemorative coins, stamps, paintings, plays, exhibitions and events. Many different construction sites and places have been named after her, along with cultural clubs and other communities. The Finnish Fair Foundation (Suomen Messusäätiö) has funded the Minna Canth Prize, which is awarded annually to the "shaker of our society" at the Helsinki Book Fair. The prize is 5,000 euros.

Statues of Minna Canth have been erected in Kuopio, Tampere and Jyväskylä; the statue in Kuopio was unveiled on 12 May 1937. The city of Kuopio has also organized Canth's anniversaries on several occasions, such as an event called Minnan päivät ("Days of Minna"), either during the tenth anniversary of her birth or death; for example, the 21st century has already been celebrated twice, in 2004 and 2007.

On 19 March 2017, Google celebrated her 173rd birthday with a Google Doodle.

Translations
Canth, Minna: The Burglary and The House of Roinila. Translated into English by Richard Impola. Aspasia Books, Beaverton 2010.

title: Minna Canth


text:
Talk:Daily Worker

[Untitled]
Was the British Daily Worker the same paper or another publication? TIA, Mmartins

DJSilverfish: as the CPUSA articulates, the CPUSA was a Comintern organization, and not a domestic enterprise seeking a domestic agenda; neither were its objectives limited to domestic politics. Its funding sources also, were not entitely domestic. This is a disception, to state that the New Masses were a Communist Party of the USA publication, because both adhered to the Communist International Party line, and this needs to be clearly articulated, given Comintern activities worldwide in the 1920s, 30s & 40s. Nobs01 18:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The relationship of the CPUSA to the ComIntern is well known and has been clearly articulated in the CPUSA entry. The Daily Worker outlasted the ComIntern by more than ten years, so the emphatic reference to DW being "a Comintern publication" in the first sentence is factually incorrect.  To go further and insist that the CPUSA was not even a domestic organization is to overstate the international character of the movement.  It did have domestic roots after all and filled a domestic niche, like the Socialist Workers Party (US).  Foreign funding may have helped the CPUSA out compete groups that did not receive such funding, but its speculative to say even that.

Regarding the publications, it is more correct to say that "New Masses" was a publication of the Communist Party USA, since this is how the magazine was collected, printed, distributed and sold. Beyond that we can characterize the publications in different ways at different times. The editorial line in the "New Masses" and the "Daily Worker" was more or less rigid depending on the politics of the party: more rigid in the Third Period, less rigid in the Popular Front period. As the article on John Gates explains, the Daily Worker reacted in a fairly open way to Kruschev's Secret Speech and the Hungarian Revolution. It is your opinion that the CPUSA was a wholely foreign enterprize and this POV is clear in your edits. The history of the party is more complicated than that. Your sources are interesting, so I appreciate your research. Eventually, balance will be restored, incorporating your work. DJ Silverfish 19:18, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Very good, and thank you. My point being in its origins til the dissolution of the Comintern 1943 it can be considered a Comintern publication, and it's founding or start up costs in all probability came from the Soviet Union.  I would suspect this Comintern enterprise probably became self supporting and didnt need assitance later (just a guess though).  It probably, as commercial enterprises go, was one of the Comintern more successful ventures.Nobs01 19:36, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This publication appears in an episode of Seinfeld (S6 E10, "The Race") - worth mentioning?
 * I just added a bit about it. OK with any Seinfeld lovers checking the page? - W e zzo (talk) (ubx) 18:07, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

The Worker redirects here but needs to be dab'd from the Charlie Drake sitcom. Lee M 01:25, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

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After WW-II
The section Post-World War II is confusing over the paper in the 1950s. The phrase "After a short hiatus" has no clear meaning if one does not reminds there that the publication did not stop with the popular front and the war, but went on to 1958. (But English is not my mother language.) Dominique Meeùs (talk) 16:55, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daily Worker


text:
Angel problem

The angel problem is a question in combinatorial game theory proposed by John Horton Conway. The game is commonly referred to as the angels and devils game. The game is played by two players called the angel and the devil. It is played on an infinite chessboard (or equivalently the points of a 2D lattice). The angel has a power k (a natural number 1 or higher), specified before the game starts. The board starts empty with the angel in one square. On each turn, the angel jumps to a different empty square which could be reached by at most k moves of a chess king, i.e. the distance from the starting square is at most k in the infinity norm. The devil, on its turn, may add a block on any single square not containing the angel. The angel may leap over blocked squares, but cannot land on them. The devil wins if the angel is unable to move. The angel wins by surviving indefinitely.

The angel problem is: can an angel with high enough power win?

There must exist a winning strategy for one of the players. If the devil can force a win then it can do so in a finite number of moves. If the devil cannot force a win then there is always an action that the angel can take to avoid losing and a winning strategy for it is always to pick such a move. More abstractly, the "pay-off set" (i.e., the set of all plays in which the angel wins) is a closed set (in the natural topology on the set of all plays), and it is known that such games are determined. Of course, for any infinite game, if player 2 doesn't have a winning strategy, player 1 can always pick a move that leads to a position where player 2 doesn't have a winning strategy, but in some games, simply playing forever doesn't confer a win to player 1, so undetermined games may exist.

Conway offered a reward for a general solution to this problem ($100 for a winning strategy for an angel of sufficiently high power, and $1000 for a proof that the devil can win irrespective of the angel's power). Progress was made first in higher dimensions. In late 2006, the original problem was solved when independent proofs appeared, showing that an angel can win. Bowditch proved that a 4-angel (that is, an angel with power k = 4) can win and Máthé and Kloster gave proofs that a 2-angel can win.

Basic strategies and why they don't work
Many intuitive escape strategies for the angel can be defeated. For example, if the angel tries to run away from near blocks, the devil can make a giant horseshoe far to the north, then prod the angel into the trap by repeatedly eating the square just to the south of the angel. If the angel tries to avoid traps set very far away, the devil can make a small horseshoe to the north, then prod the angel into the trap by eating the squares far to the south.

It seems that the angel should be able to win by moving north as fast as he can, combined with occasional zigzags to the east or west to avoid any obvious traps. This strategy can be defeated by noting that this angel's possible future positions lie in a cone, and the devil can build a wall across the cone in the distance in a certain manner, so that when the angel finally arrives at the distance, the devil has created an impenetrable wall, and since the angel insists on moving north, the angel cannot move at all.

History
The problem was first published in the 1982 book Winning Ways by Berlekamp, Conway, and Guy, under the name "the angel and the square-eater." In two dimensions, some early partial results included:

 * If the angel has power 1, the devil has a winning strategy (Conway, 1982). (According to Conway, this result is actually due to Berlekamp.) This can be read at section 1.1 of Kutz's paper.
 * If the angel never decreases its y coordinate, then the devil has a winning strategy (Conway, 1982).
 * If the angel always increases its distance from the origin, then the devil has a winning strategy (Conway, 1996).

In three dimensions, it was shown that:

 * If the angel always increases its y coordinate, and the devil can only play in one plane, then the angel has a winning strategy.
 * If the angel always increases its y coordinate, and the devil can only play in two planes, then the angel has a winning strategy.
 * The angel has a winning strategy if it has power 13 or more.
 * If we have an infinite number of devils each playing at distances $$d_1 < d_2 < d_3 < \cdots$$ then the angel can still win if it is of high enough power. (By "playing at distance $$d$$" we mean the devil is not allowed to play within this distance of the origin).

Finally, in 2006 (not long after the publication of Peter Winkler's book Mathematical Puzzles, which helped publicize the angel problem) there emerged four independent and almost simultaneous proofs that the angel has a winning strategy in two dimensions. Brian Bowditch's proof works for the 4-angel, while Oddvar Kloster's proof and András Máthé's proof work for the 2-angel. Additionally, Peter Gacs has a claimed proof which requires a much stronger angel; the details are fairly complex and have not been reviewed by a journal for accuracy. The proofs by Bowditch and Máthé have been published in Combinatorics, Probability and Computing. The proof by Kloster has been published in Theoretical Computer Science.

Further unsolved questions
In 3D, given that the angel always increases its y-coordinate, and that the devil is limited to three planes, it is unknown whether the devil has a winning strategy.

Kloster's 2-angel proof
Oddvar Kloster discovered a constructive algorithm to solve the problem with a 2-angel. This algorithm is quite simple and also optimal, since, as noted above, the devil has a winning strategy against a 1-angel.

We start out by drawing a vertical line immediately to the left of the angel's starting position, down to $$y = -\infty$$ and up to $$y = \infty$$. This line represents the path the angel will take, which will be updated after each of the devil's moves, and partitions the board's squares into a "left set" and a "right set." Once a square becomes part of the left set, it will remain so for the remainder of the game, and the angel will not make any future moves to any of these squares. Every time the devil blocks off a new square, we search over all possible modifications to the path such that we move one or more squares in the right set which the devil has blocked off into the left set. We will only do this if the path increases in length by no more than twice the number of blocked squares moved into the left set. Of such qualifying paths, we choose one that moves the greatest number of blocked off squares into the left set. The angel then makes two steps along this path, keeping the path to its left when moving in the forward direction (so if the devil were not blocking off squares, the angel would travel north indefinitely). Note that when going clockwise around a corner, the angel will not move for one step, because the two segments touching the corner have the same square to their right.

Máthé's 2-angel proof
Máthé introduces the nice devil, which never destroys a square that the angel could have chosen to occupy on an earlier turn. When the angel plays against the nice devil it concedes defeat if the devil manages to confine it to a finite bounded region of the board (otherwise the angel could just hop back and forth between two squares and never lose). Máthé's proof breaks into two parts:

 * 1) he shows that if the angel wins against the nice devil, then the angel wins against the real devil;
 * 2) he gives an explicit winning strategy for the angel against the nice devil.

Roughly speaking, in the second part, the angel wins against the nice devil by pretending that the entire left half-plane is destroyed (in addition to any squares actually destroyed by the nice devil), and treating destroyed squares as the walls of a maze, which it then skirts by means of a "hand-on-the-wall" technique. That is, the angel keeps its left hand on the wall of the maze and runs alongside the wall. One then proves that a nice devil cannot trap an angel that adopts this strategy.

The proof of the first part is by contradiction, and hence Máthé's proof does not immediately yield an explicit winning strategy against the real devil. However, Máthé remarks that his proof could in principle be adapted to give such an explicit strategy.

Bowditch's 4-angel proof
Brian Bowditch defines a variant (game 2) of the original game with the following rule changes:

 * 1) The angel can return to any square it has already been to, even if the devil subsequently tried to block it.
 * 2) A k-devil must visit a square k times before it is blocked.
 * 3) The angel moves either up, down, left or right by one square (a duke move).
 * 4) To win, the angel must trace out a circuitous path (defined below).

A circuitous path is a path $$\pi = \cup^{\infty}_{i=1} (\sigma_i \cup \gamma_i)$$ where $$\sigma = \cup^{\infty}_{i=1} \sigma_i$$ is a semi-infinite arc (a non self-intersecting path with a starting point but no ending point) and $${\gamma_i}$$ are pairwise disjoint loops with the following property:

 * $$\forall i: |\gamma_i|\leq i$$ where $$|\gamma_i|$$ is the length of the ith loop.

(To be well defined $$\gamma_i$$ must begin and end at the end point of $$\sigma_i$$ and $$\sigma_i$$ must end at the starting point of $$\sigma_{i+1}$$.)

Bowditch considers a variant (game 1) of the game with the changes 2 and 3 with a 5-devil. He then shows that a winning strategy in this game will yield a winning strategy in our original game for a 4-angel. He then goes on to show that an angel playing a 5-devil (game 2) can achieve a win using a fairly simple algorithm.

Bowditch claims that a 4-angel can win the original version of the game by imagining a phantom angel playing a 5-devil in the game 2.

The angel follows the path the phantom would take but avoiding the loops. Hence as the path $$\sigma$$ is a semi-infinite arc the angel does not return to any square it has previously been to and so the path is a winning path even in the original game.

"Guardian" proof
The proof, which shows that in a three-dimensional version of the game a high powered angel has a winning strategy, makes use of "guardians". For each cube of any size, there is a guardian that watches over that cube. The guardians decide at each move whether the cube they are watching over is unsafe, safe, or almost safe. The definitions of "safe" and "almost safe" need to be chosen to ensure this works. This decision is based purely on the density of blocked points in that cube and the size of that cube.

If the angel is given no orders, then it just moves up. If some cubes that the angel is occupying cease to be safe, then the guardian of the biggest of these cubes is instructed to arrange for the angel to leave through one of the borders of that cube. If a guardian is instructed to escort the angel out of its cube to a particular face, the guardian does so by plotting a path of subcubes that are all safe. The guardians in these cubes are then instructed to escort the angel through their respective subcubes. The angel's path in a given subcube is not determined until the angel arrives at that cube. Even then, the path is only determined roughly. This ensures the devil cannot just choose a place on the path sufficiently far along it and block it.

The strategy can be proven to work because the time it takes the devil to convert a safe cube in the angel's path to an unsafe cube is longer than the time it takes the angel to get to that cube.

This proof was published by Imre Leader and Béla Bollobás in 2006. A substantially similar proof was published by Martin Kutz in 2005.

title: Angel problem


text:
Mr. Men and Little Miss

Mr. Men and Little Miss (known in the United States as The Mr. Men Show and in French as Monsieur Bonhomme) is a 1995 French-British animated children's television series based on the original Mr. Men and Little Miss books created in the 1970s and 1980s by British author Roger Hargreaves and his son Adam Hargreaves. It was also created by Roger Hargreaves. The series was a co-production of Marina Productions and France 3 and aired on CITV in the United Kingdom (later reairing on Nickelodeon, Nick Jr. and Channel 5) and France 3 in France. The series has Jimmy MacDonald's cartoon sound effects.

Pilot

 * 1) Little Miss Splendid's Gift (21 August 1994)

Season 1 (1995)

 * 1) The Joke is on Little Miss Naughty (5 September 1995)
 * 2) Hurry Mr. Rush...autumn is coming! (8 September 1995)
 * 3) One day in the life of Mr. Perfect (16 October 1995)
 * 4) Mr. Uppity's big house (27 October 1995)
 * 5) Little Miss Busy takes a break (30 October 1995)
 * 6) Mr. Mischief is caught at his own game (17 November 1995)
 * 7) Little Miss Tidy loses a friend (20 November 1995)
 * 8) Mr. Funny puts on a show (15 December 1995)
 * 9) An unforgettable Sunday for Miss Tiny (21 December 1995)
 * 10) Mr. Chatterbox loses his voice (25 December 1995)
 * 11) He...Hello Little Miss Shy (27 December 1995)
 * 12) An Invitation for Mr. Messy (31 December 1995)

Season 2 (1996)

 * 1) Mr. Bump goes on a trip (14 January 1996)
 * 2) Mr. Dizzy goes Doggy—sitting (23 January 1996)
 * 3) What a choice for little Miss Fickle! (30 January 1996)
 * 4) Happy Christmas Mr. Worry (10 February 1996)
 * 5) Mr. Nosey Solves a Mystery (12 February 1996)
 * 6) No food is no fun for Mr. Greedy (17 February 1996)
 * 7) A Special Friend for Little Miss Lucky (20 February 1996)
 * 8) Mr. Daydream Talks to the Stars (25 February 1996)
 * 9) That's Enough, Little Miss Bossy (29 February 1996)
 * 10) Mr. Forgetful...Hey waiter! (7 March 1996)
 * 11) Mr. Jelly's Show of Bravery (9 March 1996)
 * 12) Mr. Strong: King of the Circus (11 March 1996)
 * 13) Mr. Nonsense Rows To The Moon (14 March 1996)
 * 14) Little Miss Sunshine Brings a Smile (15 March 1996)
 * 15) Mr. Fussy Takes a Well—Earned Break (15 March 1996)
 * 16) Mr. Clumsy in the Brains and the Brawn (15 March 1996)
 * 17) Mr. Brave Goes Ghost Hunting (19 March 1996)
 * 18) Isn't Little Miss Trouble Kind... (19 March 1996)
 * 19) A Week—End with Little Miss Contrary (19 March 1996)
 * 20) Golly, Mr. Grumpy's Smiling (21 March 1996)
 * 21) Mr. Lazy Can't Sleep Anymore (21 March 1996)
 * 22) Mr. Small's Big Dream (21 March 1996)
 * 23) Mr. Bounce Finds Paradise (23 March 1996)
 * 24) What a Question, Little Miss Curious! (23 March 1996)
 * 25) Little Miss Stubborn Goes Right to the Bitter End (23 March 1996)
 * 26) Little Miss Greedy... Belle of the Ball (25 March 1996)
 * 27) Mr. Tickle Saves the Day (25 March 1996)
 * 28) Little Miss Wise's Crazy Day! (25 March 1996)
 * 29) A Rival for Little Miss Somersault (28 March 1996)
 * 30) Little Miss Star, the Leading Witness (28 March 1996)
 * 31) Little Miss Late Beats Them All! (28 March 1996)
 * 32) Mr. Skinny is Up the Spout (31 March 1996)
 * 33) That's Gratitude, Mr. Uppity! (31 March 1996)
 * 34) Little Miss Neat Sees Spots (31 March 1996)
 * 35) Mr. Grumble Boils Over (31 March 1996)

Season 3 (1997)

 * 1) Another Victory for Little Miss Splendid (2 January 1997)
 * 2) A Surprise for Mr. Tall (2 January 1997)
 * 3) Mr. Cheerful Doffs His Hat (2 January 1997)
 * 4) Little Miss Scatterbrain Puts Everything in Turmoil (14 January 1997)
 * 5) A Very Happy Day for Mr. Happy (14 January 1997)
 * 6) Mr. Clever's Daft Bet (14 January 1997)
 * 7) What a Mess, Little Miss Helpful! (17 January 1997)
 * 8) Little Miss Tidy and the Winning Ticket (January 17, 1997)
 * 9) Mr. Dizzy Promises the Moon (17 January 1997)
 * 10) Mr. Forgetful, the World's Best Actor! (20 January 1997)
 * 11) Hello, Pizza Express? (20 January 1997)
 * 12) Mr. Clumsy, Head Butler (20 January 1997)
 * 13) Mr. Impossible's Lesson (24 January 1997)
 * 14) Little Miss Star Goes to Jollywood (31 January 1997)
 * 15) Mr. Clever's Invention (3 February 1997)
 * 16) Little Miss Chatterbox Finds her Calling (3 February 1997)
 * 17) Mr. Skinny's Incredible Bet (3 February 1997)
 * 18) A Job for Little Miss Giggles (3 February 1997)
 * 19) Little Miss Busy, D.I.Y Teacher (3 February 1997)
 * 20) Little Miss Chatterbox Goes to Sea—Town (7 February 1997)
 * 21) Mr. Lazy Takes an Afternoon Nap (7 February 1997)
 * 22) Mr. Brave vs. Koko the Gorilla (7 February 1997)
 * 23) Little Miss Naughty Goes Skiing (8 February 1997)
 * 24) Little Miss Dotty Goes to Home Farm (16 February 1997)
 * 25) Mr. Nonsense's Strange Illness (4 March 1997)
 * 26) Mr. Mean Hasn't a Penny Left (15 March 1997)
 * 27) Little Miss Wise's Day Out at the Fun Fair (3 September 1997)
 * 28) Mr. Grumble's Holiday (3 September 1997)
 * 29) Little Miss Greedy's Strange Illness (3 September 1997)
 * 30) Mr. Slow Takes the Lead (3 September 1997)
 * 31) Mr. Strong Makes a Splash (3 September 1997)
 * 32) Mr. Perfect Goes West (3 September 1997)
 * 33) Little Miss Magic to the Rescue (3 September 1997)
 * 34) Mr. Silly's Silly Secret (3 September 1997)
 * 35) Mr. Chatterbox and the Parrot (3 September 1997)
 * 36) Little Miss Late Finally Catches Up (3 September 1997)
 * 37) Mr. Noisy, the music man (3 September 1997)
 * 38) Mr. Muddle Goes Skating (3 September 1997)
 * 39) Little Miss Helpful Goes to the Fair (4 September 1997)
 * 40) Mr. Worry and the Giant (4 September 1997)
 * 41) Mr. Greedy Goes to a Dinner Party (4 September 1997)
 * 42) Little Miss Bossy Has a Busy Day (4 September 1997)
 * 43) Mr. Bump Has an Accident (4 September 1997)
 * 44) Mr. Small Finds a Job (4 September 1997)
 * 45) Mr. Nosey Goes Fishing (4 September 1997)
 * 46) Little Miss Trouble and the Magic Paint (4 September 1997)
 * 47) It's Very Noisy for Mr. Quiet (5 September 1997)
 * 48) Mr. Mischief Becomes an Artist (5 September 1997)
 * 49) Lunch with Little Miss Tiny (5 September 1997)
 * 50) Mr. Clever Flies His Kite (5 September 1997)
 * 51) Thank Goodness for Mr. Slow (5 September 1997)
 * 52) Little Miss Shy Goes to the Fair (5 September 1997)
 * 53) A New House for Mr. Wrong (5 September 1997)
 * 54) Happy Birthday Little Miss Scatterbrain (6 September 1997)
 * 55) Mr. Jelly Goes Time—Traveling (7 September 1997)
 * 56) A Big Surprise for Mr. Mean (8 September 1997)

Christmas specials

 * 1) Christmas Rescue (a.k.a. "Mr. Men, Little Misses") (15 December 1991)
 * 2) The Christmas Letter (7 December 1998)

Educational special

 * 1) The Great Alphabet Hunt (3 August 1992)

title: Mr. Men and Little Miss


text:
Talk:Angel problem

Defn of distance
Is the power measured as Pythagorean or New York distance? Or some other metric? -- The Anome 10:55, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

New York distance. It doesn't matter though for the purposes of the angel problem. Barnaby dawson 14:26, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

See Conway's 1996 paper. Rich Farmbrough, 15:41 12 October 2006 (GMT).

According to the current text, it's neither of those two, but rather the sup norm. But I don't see why you say it wouldn't matter -- the 2d game is now known to be a win for the devil if the angel has power 1 (8 reachable cells), and a win for the angel if she has power 2 (24 reachable cells). That would seem to leave two intermediate cases: power 2 with Manhattan norm (12 reachable cells), and power sqrt(5) with Euclidean norm (20 reachable cells). Do we know the outcome of those two games, or are they still open? Joule36e5 (talk) 22:18, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

The second of these intermediate cases is a win for the Angel. It is remarked in my (Kloster's) paper (but perhaps unclearly) that the angel never needs to perform a diagonal move of length 2sqrt(2). And in fact, Johan Wästlund has proved that an angel with power 2 in the x direction and 1 in the y direction (14 reachable cells) can win. Okloster (talk) 19:23, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Lower bound for C in 3D case?
Is there a known lower bound for the angel's power C in the three-dimensional case so that the angel has a winning strategy? I.e., is a number c known such that a winning strategy exists for all C >= c? -- Schnee 00:04, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My seminar notes say that it works in general (The qualifier 'For high enough powered' is not necessary). I put it in to start with as I didn't have the notes to hand. Also adding further proved result. Barnaby dawson 14:27, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

13 is such a lower bound (details). Smaller values should not be too hard to obtain, at the cost of more involved arguments. -- AgentM 11:45, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Cool, thanks. I'll check out that dissertation. ^^ -- Schnee 18:28, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Further to discussion with Imre leader the proof is not known to generalise to C lower than 13. The link given above shows that the proof works for 13 and above. I've corrected the text. Barnaby dawson 23:02, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC) (I don't normally edit on weekdays but I felt I should correct my own error).

Multi-dimensional angels
Shouldn't Tom Körner be credited for the proof? Gdr 19:41, 2004 Nov 7 (UTC)

As I understand Tom Körner showed that for high enough dimension the angel can escape but not for 3 dimensions. Imre Leader gave a seminar about his proof which Tom Körner knew about (They are in the same department). But Tom did not ask for credit. So probably not. This other guy who published the paper linked to above should probably be mentioned though. I'll do that. Barnaby dawson 21:39, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

So doesn't Körner deserve credit for the "high enough dimension" step? Gdr 00:23, 2004 Nov 8 (UTC)

The Natural Topology on the Set of all Plays
Hello, the above was referred to in the article. Which topology is that? --AlephNull 16:08, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Further, in the same paragraph, it would help simply to define the word play. I just found myself writing paragraphs of speculation... Fun but eventually annoying... Orthografer 23:42, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

I've been told following standard teminology: a game is a set of rules, as chess and go are games. A play is the result of actually playing the game once. A move is an action of one player in a game, like e4, a move that in chess notation means "move pawn to the square e4." In a game that allows infinitely many moves, we normalize by making illegal moves possible (automatically giving a win to the other side) and padding each play that has finitely many moves by adding infinitely many irrelevant moves that don't change the outcome of the play. Thus any move is possible regardless of circumstance within the play, and all games are infinite. It is a fact that this normalized set P of plays is the product of a countable sequence of copies of the set M of moves. We give M the discrete topology and P the product topology. Orthografer 19:21, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Style
Hi Barnaby I made the edit, because I thought it would be clearer to a lay person who would have no idea what "the angel has power k" means. They might think it means something like in a role playing game. So, I think it's more than style, it's about a better understanding for the reader. Hope you can live with my edit. Mccready 01:49, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Resolved?
A paper from Prof. Bowditch of the University of Southampton, claiming a winning strategy for the 4-Angel:

http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/staff/Bowditch/papers/bhb-angel.pdf Nchua 01:00, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

I shall have a look at this paper today and change the article if appropriate. Barnaby dawson 08:42, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's still a preprint, from what I can tell. I doubt you will find an error so readily, and in any case WP:NOR means reviewing this paper is pointless.  It's definitely worth mentioning, given that Bowditch is a highly respected mathematician, so his claim of a proof is notable.  Bowditch's abstract also mentions that Kloster has a proof for the 2-angel, but I can't find a written proof using Google.  --C S (Talk) 11:41, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Almost half way through the paper. Is really quite interesting.  I'm not going to claim just because I've read it and failed to find an error that its valid.  But I might put up an outline of his approach once I've read it.  Hence reading it is worthwile (even just for wikipedia's sake).

 * Also I don't recall WP:NOR stating that you couldn't assess the reliability of a source. I think that's kind of crucial.  At the very least with a mathematical breakthrough that must mean reading through the proof (where you can understand it).  You'd be right of course that that isn't enough to conclude a source is reliable.  Barnaby dawson 16:37, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I've finished reading the paper. It's a lovely argument and quite accessible.  It requires a tiny bit of knowledge in graph theory but is almost all from first principles otherwise.  I'm betting this proof is correct.  I will now add a section with some notes on the claimed proof.  Barnaby dawson 13:32, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Verified
I have removed the not verified message. The anonomous editor who added it did not specify what information in the section was not verifiable. For the record all the results in there (apart from the recent proof claims) come from the notes I took at a seminar on the angel problem (including a solution for the 3D case) given by Imre Leader. I have seen proofs of all of them bar the last. We might not be able to find these proofs in print. Barnaby dawson 08:01, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Avoiding interference with the academic process
I have removed a sentence saying that two of the claimed proofs have been accepted in a peer reviewed journal on the suggestion of the author of one of them. He felt that this was not normally general knoledge and that it might seem to give priority to those solutions. Barnaby dawson 13:08, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, that's very nice of him, but really priority isn't based on publication date, as well he knows. A more important issue is that we need to provide important information like this to our readers as appearing in some peer-reviewed journal is an integral part of whether the general reader will accept something to be solved or not.  For example, I had to revert an edit from another article that removed a description of the problem as "solved".  But it's solved by reasonable standards.  It would be absurd to not provide this info and wait until all these solutions get published or an author retracts his paper.  So I'm going to reinstate the information on publication.  --C S (Talk) 12:41, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The Bowditch and Máthé papers have been published in the May issue of Combinatorics, Probability and Computing. So the justification for removing the info (that it is not generally known info) is not really a good one anymore.    --C S (Talk) 12:51, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Remove unsolved tag?
Is this still supposed to have the "Unsolved Problems" tag? The article states flatly in the end of the introduction that the problem is solved, but later doubt is raised as to whether the proofs actually work. --Whiteknox 12:37, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Different powers of angel and demon?
After reading the article, I was still uncertain about the status of the 2D problem. Suppose the angel has power k and the devil has power m. What is the result of the game for different values of k and m?

As I understood: k=1: Devil wins (Conway) k>=2, m=1: Angel wins. (Máthé, Bowditch)

How about the cases k>=2 and m>=2? Were these results proved too or are they still open? There must be some limit, i.e. even if the angel has power 1000, if the devil has enough power (take 10^10 for example), he can bound the angel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.50.147.101 (talk) 07:36, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

When k>=2*m, the angel wins. After the devil has blocked m squares, the angel pretends that the squares were blocked one by one in some sequence and that m 2-angel moves were interleaved, as in the k=2, m=1 game. She then jumps to the square where she would end up if she followed her winning strategy in this imagined sequence.

When m>=k*k, the devil wins, by identifying areas of k by k squares on the real board with the single squares on an imagined board, where he plays using Berlekamp's strategy for trapping a king. Okloster (talk) 19:49, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

the article is a bit unclear. it doesn't mention the idea of the devil having power except in the part about bowditch's proof. I assume the power of the devil means the amount of blocks he can lay per turn? 67.176.160.47 (talk) 07:11, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

3-D angels
Does anyone know whether a 1-angel can win in 3 dimensions? --128.12.103.70 (talk) 19:36, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

If he has power 2 or more, he wins in 2 dimensions and therefore in 3. With power of 1 in 3 dimensions, I don't think it was solved. Anyone know a file that allows me to play the angel problem on either side and can be downloaded for free? srn347

The 1-angel wins in 3D. See [http://home.broadpark.no/~oddvark/angel/variations.html] Okloster (talk) 20:00, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Description and Illustration
In Conway's paper the Devil is described as destroying or "eating" squares. But in the description here the squares are said to be "blocked". I think the original language should be preserved. Likewise, most descriptions follow Conway in describing the game as taking place on a checkerboard-style grid of squares, but the illustration here shows a Go-board style grid of intersections. The change is unnecessary and potentially confusing. One of the hallmarks of the original problem is its vivid and memorable imagery, I think the presentation here should preserve this. 67.83.200.217 (talk) 05:21, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Proof that the Devil wins againts a 1-Angel in 2D?
The article contains some sketches of proofs for complex cases like a "high-powered 3D angel", but there is no indication of the proof for what I believe is the simplest case, the 1-angel in 2D. The article states that in this case the Devil wins, but wouldn't it make sense to have at least a sketch of this proof (or if it is too complicated, at least an indication of this)? 80.194.194.190 (talk) 09:29, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

?? Is this poorly explained or the easiest problem ever??
How did anyone ever publish a paper on proving (say) the 4-angel? If I'm the angel, and my coordinates are the origin, I can just move 4 spaces to the top-right every turn and run away from the devil. If he blocks that one square, I'll just move four spaces to the top-left instead. In fact, I can't see how for any power, even 1, the devil has a prayer of winning. I feel this article must be really poorly explaining something because it seems a joke otherwise. Red Slash 23:57, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

Your suggested strategy of heading in one direction if possible otherwise turn doesn't work as the devil can just set up a trap as far in advance as it needs. The difficulty arises from needing to avoid such traps. 121.45.39.192 (talk) 02:32, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Win for the Devil
The proof that the 1-angel loses to the devil is quite easy, and it's found in Kutz's PhD paper (first few pages) http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/alumni/d1/2009/mkutz//diss/kutz_angel.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.24.200.212 (talk) 00:39, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

infinite devils
"If we have an infinite number of devils each playing at distances d_1 < d_2 < d_3 < \cdots then the angel can still win if it is of high enough power." This is obviously not true. For a given power k, there is a distance d where 8*k^3 devils can play. So if the angel goes that far out it can be trapped in one turn. So the angel is bounded and can be trapped by randomly adding blocks until it can't move. Folket (talk) 13:10, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Is Gacs’ proof correct?
I recently read through all four claimed solutions to the Angel Problem. I am confident that Kloster’s proof and Máthé’s proofs are correct. Kloster’s proof is the cleanest, simplest, one of the two strongest ones ($$k = 2$$), and of the two strongest proofs, the only one that directly provides a constructive algorithm. This article should therefore be updated (either by me or someone else) to include a description of this solution. Bowditch’s proof also seems correct (although it’s more complicated), but actually only proves the $$k =9$$ case, not the $$k = 4$$ case, since Lemma 3.7 (in the journal version; Lemma 2.7 in the arXiV version) is incomplete.

I spent quite a bit of time trying to read Gacs’ proof and found a potentially problematic section. Lemma 4.4 states, “Using the fact that the angel’s current position is in a (−1)-safe cell”; I do not know how to verify this claim though, especially since Lemma 4.4 doesn’t seem to make any reference as to the actual position of the angel at this time, merely about which cells are currently “clean” and “safe,” and I was also unable to verify that this claim is correct in general. I emailed Professor Gacs last month and he said he didn’t remember the proof in enough detail to answer my question.

I know this constitutes original research, and I am not a professional mathematician (I’m a software engineer); is there any way to update the article with this information? If anyone else has read these proofs, did you notice the same issues? rdl381 (talk) 07:43, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Angel problem


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/EasyOffice Premium

EasyOffice Premium
Seems to purely be an advert. ShaneKing 10:55, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert. jni 12:31, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * D Buy my book. Buy my book.  Buy my book. Chris 14:29, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: An ad. (Great Jay Sherman reference, there; it about summarizes the quality of the article.) Geogre 14:54, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Gibson Brands

Norlin / Moog
Since the Gibson article is currently the official article for Norlin Musical Instruments, I feel there should be a bit more effort to give it justice. For example the Moog brand of synthesizers was apparently part of Norlin from 1971 to 1987. According to its article, Moog Music went bankrupt in 1987. Surely there's some connection with the 1986 buyout of the Gibson brand here? --BjKa (talk) 13:33, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 3 December 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved to Gibson (guitar company); dab page moved to base title. (closed by non-admin page mover) Extraordinary Writ (talk) 06:17, 10 December 2021 (UTC)

– This page should be moved simply because Gibson is just too common of a surname to be the namespace of a guitar company (just like how Ford was moved to Ford Motor Company) and then move the disambiguation page to 'Gibson'. There's also several places and other companies called Gibson. Perhaps someone can suggest a better title than 'Gibson Brands, Inc.', but I do believe it should be moved from its current namespace. Waddles 🗩 🖉 05:57, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Gibson → Gibson Brands, Inc.
 * Gibson (disambiguation) → Gibson
 * Support in addition to being a common surname (which I'd think of not the company that I'd never heard of) Gibson (cocktail) gets 6,000 views compared to 8,489[] for the company which alone is likely close enough.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 11:29, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose first proposal, support second We generally don't using Inc. for the company's initials. 180.254.166.239 (talk) 12:07, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Are you saying move to Gibson (guitar company)? noting that there is also Gibson Manufacturing Corporation, per WP:NCCORP the legal status suffix may be used to disambiguate or we can use a qualifier.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 12:14, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support though i would prefer it moved to Gibson (guitar company)—blindlynx 16:35, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Move to Gibson (guitar company) as far more WP:RECOGNIZABLE than the alternatives. -- Netoholic @ 16:51, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose While other uses exist, the guitar company is clearly the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. A straight google search for Gibson turns up basically the guitar company as 90% of the links on the first several pages of a search.  -- Jayron 32 17:01, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * While it's true that it is the primary topic, so are Tesla, Bing, Amazon, Ford, GMC, Bellagio, and GMU. Searching either of these on Google only yields results for the company/organization/product rather than the place or surname it's named for, but they are all too common names to just be the title for an article therefore the namespace is held by a disambiguation page. Waddles 🗩 🖉 17:14, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Moreover the pages views don't support it being the primary topic, they're simply to close to the drink—blindlynx 20:05, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Comment Now that it's brought up, this page should be moved to Gibson (guitar company) instead of the official company's name like I suggested, per WP:RECOGNIZABLE. Waddles 🗩 🖉 17:16, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per nom, no WP:PRIMARYTOPIC.--Ortizesp (talk) 00:31, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

Move revisited
The result of the move discussion archived above was that this page was moved from Gibson to Gibson (guitar company) to make was for the da page. Somebody then boldly moved it to its current position at Gibson Brands. Now that the company name is no longer Gibson Brands, Inc., would it be controversial to move it back to Gibson (guitar company)? -- rbrwr± 18:25, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gibson Brands


text:
Talk:Gibson Appliance

Untitled
Please see Talk:Gibson for a discussion of how to best disambiguate "Gibson". Thanks. --rbrwr± 10:58, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gibson Appliance


text:
Talk:William Gibson (playwright)

Untitled
Please see Talk:Gibson for a discussion of how to best disambiguate "Gibson". Thanks. --rbrwr± 10:58, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Did you have to split the infinitive? --Marshall ("Unfree") Price 172.56.27.198 (talk) 19:29, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

The Genius
Bill's nickname was "The Genius". You can tell from his work that he liked to coin words. Once, when I coined the word "psychedictic" to indicate "consciousness-constricting", he said "You're the genius!" I've been called genius by several geniuses, quite rightly. --Marshall Price ("Unfree") — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.56.27.243 (talk) 10:55, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:William Gibson (playwright)


text:
Talk:William Gibson

MIstakes
Seems that the age.caulculations mentions that he in hes 60s but the next picture mentions his 70th birthday? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.68.146.169 (talk) 22:18, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

It's William S. Burroughs, not William Gibson, on that photo. Although it's clearly stated in the description, I got caught and confused too, googling about Gibson's age and story of this photo for a couple of minutes, before I realized this isn't a photo of him. To be honest I can't see a good reason behind placing a photo from another writer's birthday party in this article. Even if Burroughs had much influence on Gibson's writing - his birthday seem not to be an important event for Gibson. 134.191.220.74 (talk) 14:49, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

Citation dump
To counter post-Featured Article obsolescence, I am going to use this section as a workspace for updating the article with new developments. Older, un(der)used sources are also needed. Feel free to add links to new stories, interviews, podcasts, book reviews and so on related to Gibson. Skomorokh 16:20, 30 July 2008 (UTC) http://articles.latimes.com/print/1993-09-12/magazine/tm-34172_1_gibson-s-books
 * "Interview" from Bloomberg Night Talk, July 3, 2008; Spook Country and 9/11
 * http://www.bluntmag.co.za/site/awdep.asp?depnum=27645
 * http://www.popmatters.com/pm/post/63385/gameratis/
 * http://radar.oreilly.com/2008/09/offon-trend-and-ubiquitous-com.html
 * Review:The Log of the Mustang Sally
 * http://articles.latimes.com/print/2007/aug/10/entertainment/et-gibson10
 * "Interview" from Bloomberg Night Talk, July 3, 2008; Spook Country and 9/11
 * http://www.bluntmag.co.za/site/awdep.asp?depnum=27645
 * http://www.popmatters.com/pm/post/63385/gameratis/
 * http://radar.oreilly.com/2008/09/offon-trend-and-ubiquitous-com.html
 * Review:The Log of the Mustang Sally
 * http://articles.latimes.com/print/2007/aug/10/entertainment/et-gibson10

Latest interview
New Yorker Magazine article / interview Dec 2019

William Gibson and Cory Doctorow, October 2010. -- Quiddity (talk) 21:41, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * audio http://www.boingboing.net/2010/10/05/audio-from-last-nigh.html
 * video http://www.intelligencesquared.com/events/william-gibson-on-zero-history

 * ZH era interviews, from the WGB.  Skomorokh   22:38, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

 * jackmovemag.  Skomorokh   08:26, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Potential splits
The article is currently a ponderous 92kb long. There are many many more unused reliable sources to fuel further expansion. The Works of William Gibson split seemed to work out well. I'd be interested in developing some of the content into more FA-grade material.

So, does anyone have any suggestions/ideas/concerns on which sections would make good starts for split articles? the skomorokh 17:15, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

 * The length doesn't seem too problematic yet (WP:SIZE notwithstanding); the recently promoted Frank Zappa is a good 25% larger (by scrolling-height). I'd rather see this article grow for a while longer, and the other content within Gibsonian get improved. Spread the love! (for a good/featured topic perhaps?)
 * (That said, I am an unrepentant mergist...) As the main author and sourcer(er), you would have the best notions as to which topics are undercovered. Just let us know where we can help :) -- Quiddity (talk) 19:44, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

 * And I a diehard splittist (e.g.)! I'm not going to be growing this article any further, because it's more productive and rewarding to expand on less-developed content, for example Disneyland with the Death Penalty and Agrippa (a book of the dead).

 * Another (underhanded) factor is the completeness requirement of FT/GT: if they were all feautered, we could get away with, for example, William Gibson, Early life of William Gibson and Works of William Gibson as a featured topic, but not WG, WOWG, Pattern Recognition and Neuromancer because the other works would be arbitrarily omitted. That actually gives me the idea of building Sprawl trilogy and Bridge trilogy, which would pass, but those articles are so abysmal I wouldn't know where to begin.

 * From a reader's perspective, though, this article is a lot to take in on a single subject. I'd like it trimmed to the most relevant and interesting bits at, say, 50kb, without losing the content from Wikipedia. Though it's probably my favourite section, the Collaborations section is probably overdetailed for an overview of Gibson, but it wouldn't amount to a very long article of its own. Influences and reception would make a very long, but very bad article, as most of the refs on the topic are ("omg he invented the internets!")...poor. I'll have to mull this over some more... the skomorokh  16:02, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I do like your "Early life" proposal. (And agree that the "Influence and recognition" section is the only one I'd really object to splitting out.)
 * Were you thinking of moving some of the "Collaborations" section into WOWG? or as a 2nd split?
 * Lastly, as a curveball, the William Gibson space is still empty... ;) -- Quiddity (talk) 19:17, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Aye, problem is, there is notoriously little to say about Gibson's early life. I'd only move some of Collaborations into WOWG if I intended on converting the latter to prose, and seeing as it is now featured as a list, that would probably be counter-productive. A second split wuold take the form of a prose version of WOWG minus the parts with articles of their own; Non-notable leftovers of William Gibson would be interesting to write, and I may get to it one of these years. For the moment I am taking your suggestion to spread the love, working up each of the sickliest Gibson stubs (Hubertus Bigend and Skinner's Room) into something that would survive an Afd.

 * As for a Gibson article for Simple English Wikipedia: isn't that just a license to pen a gushing original research profile in patronising language? Hmmm! the skomorokh  18:00, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Awards
I created an awards subpage for development before poting to the mainspace. The Locus index is a reliable source for all the notable SF awards. For coprehensiveness we just need to identify the non-genre awards he has been nominated for.YobMod 16:29, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Moved into the namespace at Awards and nominations of William Gibson. Skomorokh  19:54, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

wrong on Cyberspace, unbelievably right on avatars
The article's "Visionary influence and prescience" section doesn't seem to admit that Gibson's cyberspace isn't remotely how it has turned out. I'm not sure how to put that criticism into this article.

We don't fly between geometric representations of data hubs by frantically tapping access code on a hot-rod deck, we simply type in a URL or click a link. We don't see any representation of cyberspace during navigation at all. We don't jack in at all, we watch a conventional screen. Even when we use Virtual reality, it is something that takes place within a URL or site. Here is Bobby the wannabe's understanding of the matrix from Count Zero:
 * He'd used decks in school, toys that shuttled you through the infinite reaches of that space that wasn't space, mankind's unthinkably complex consensual hallucination, the matrix, cyberspace, where the great corporate hotcores burned like neon novas, data so dense you suffered sensory overload if you tried to apprehend more than the merest outline.

To give you an idea of how different navigating the internet is from the mechanisms of Gibson's matrix, here is someone guiding Bobby to get hack into the Yakuza via a back door:
 * "When you punch out past the Basketball," Jammer said to Bobby, "you wanna dive right three clicks and go for the floor, I mean straight down..
 * "Past the what?"
 * "Basketball. That's the Dallas-Fort Worth Sunbelt Co-Prosperity Sphere, you wanna get your ass down fast, all the way, then you run how I told you, for about twenty clicks. It's all used-car lots and tax accountants down there, but just stand on that mother, okay?"
 * Bobby jacked.
 * He followed Jammer's instructions, secretly grateful that he could feel Jackie beside him as they plunged down into the workaday depths of cyberspace, the glowing Basketball dwindling above them. The deck was quick, superslick, and it made him feel fast and strong.
 * He followed Jammer's instructions, secretly grateful that he could feel Jackie beside him as they plunged down into the workaday depths of cyberspace, the glowing Basketball dwindling above them. The deck was quick, superslick, and it made him feel fast and strong.

(these "clicks" seem to be distances, not buttons) Is it OK to quote big chunks of the books this way?

Meanwhile, almost as a throwaway Gibson fleshes out the idea of an avatar in an online social space just a page later in Count Zero. This is in 1986, a year before Habitat and I think is breathtakingly prescient. Is it original research to claim that Gibson was there before anyone else?
 * A square of cyberspace directly in front of him flipped sickeningly and he found himself in a pale blue graphic that seemed to represent a very spacious apartment, low shapes of furniture sketched in hair-fine lines of blue neon. A woman stood in front of him, a sort of glowing cartoon squiggle of a woman, the face a brown smudge. "I'm Slide," the figure said, hands on its hips, "Jaylene. You don't fuck with me. Nobody in L.A." she gestured, a window suddenly snapping into existence behind her"fucks with me. You got that?"
 * "Right," Bobby said. "What is this? I mean, if you could sort of explain.." He still couldn't move. The "window" showed a blue-gray video view of palm trees and old buildings.
 * "How do you mean?"
 * "This sort of drawing. And you. And that old picture.
 * "Hey, man, I paid a designer an arm and a leg to punch this up for me. This is my space, my construct. This is L.A., boy. People here don't do anything without jacking. This is where I entertain!

Awesomeness! -- Skierpage (talk) 00:42, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Gibson's Twitter - Interesting comment about Neuromancer
William Gibson lists his Twitter account @GreatDismal on his official website, at http://www.williamgibsonbooks.com/blog/blog.asp, so it's pretty safe to say that it's really him. Just a few hours ago, he said "Neuromancer was a conscious critique of all the mainstream SF I'd read up to that point. Why it worked, IMO." I think that's a pretty interesting revelation about what he intended with the work. How (or should?) we work that into this article and the article for Neuromancer? J0lt C0la (talk) 06:56, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the pointer, interesting comment indeed! I agree that the Twitter account is a safe bet; the only worry would be how serious/considered these tweets are. Thoughts half-formed, cast off lightly perhaps. In any case, this is the tweet in question. I'll think it over some more.  Skomorokh   10:43, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Continuing the Twitter idea, if someone is alive and uses Twitter (verified accounts only maybe), would it be interesting to anyone / relevant to put said account info in the at-a-glance section at the top? GreatDismal Cus.moritz (talk) 02:46, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

Removed section: Gibson's favorite SF novels
In May 2010, Gibson listed his favorite science fiction books for New York magazine: - Removed as trivial, needs fleshing out and context to be useful. Skomorokh  13:58, 4 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Tiger! Tiger! (aka The Stars My Destination) (1956), by Alfred Bester
 * Dhalgren (1975), by Samuel R. Delany
 * Arslan (1976), by M. J. Engh
 * The Crystal World (1966), by J. G. Ballard
 * The Forever War (1974), by Joe Haldeman
 * Pavane (1968), by Keith Roberts
 * Random Acts of Senseless Violence (1993), by Jack Womack
 * Great Work of Time (1991), by John Crowley
 * Holy Fire (1996), by Bruce Sterling
 * 334 (1972), by Thomas M. Disch

Typo?
This must be a typo since further up the article it is stated they met in 1981: "One of the things that made me like Bruce Sterling immediately when first I met him, back in 1991." 24.4.132.165 (talk) 09:47, 24 August 2010 (UTC)
 * That's what the source says, but it's a translation of a transcription so presumably they got the year off by a decade.  Skomorokh   10:05, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Latest trilogy or Bigend books
Source of name: In April, someone had changed the navbox template to say "Bigend books", and pointed to Gibsons's tweet here as verification.

A named account had suggested "Bigend trilogy" earlier in March, here and here.

The List of works of William Gibson doesn't currently call them anything.

Just noting. -- Quiddity (talk) 20:02, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Neither fans nor media have coalesced on a particular name for the trilogy, so I thought it best we left it unnamed for the time being too...  Skomorokh   22:36, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

The new novel Agency isn't out intil 31 DEC 2018 according to Amazon. Should thie April date be updated? 313-matt (talk) 19:17, 21 March 2018 (UTC)313-matt

bloated
This article is long enough without padding it with unnecessary pics of the Clash and Burroughs and so forth. How about some trimming? 72.229.55.38 (talk) 06:40, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The images are to break up the monotony of the text; if you can find more relevant ones that would be great, but it is quite difficult to source freely-licenced images from the post-war pre-internet era.  Skomorokh   14:27, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Pre 1982 "Cyberspace"
The concept of "cyberspace" was a key topic in course i took in college. I don't recall the year I was in that course but I graduated in 1979. Clearly the term was not invented in 1982. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.38.196.235 (talk) 19:14, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I came here to check on the coinage of "cyberspace".
 * This says that Damien Broderick claims the authorship of the word, but gives no other details.
 * An article, available here if you're willing to pay, but of which I have the original newspaper cutting, says:
 * "... Gibson is the man whose 1984 novel, Neuromancer, is generally credited with having coined the term "cyperspace" (although Australian writer Damien Broderick probably beat him to it, technically speaking), and who ......". (James Bradley, "In the Beginning Was the End", review of Gibson's All Tomorrow's Parties, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 December 1999, Spectrum, p. 12s)
 * I've searched for the story of this, to no avail. Can anyone elucidate?  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  04:46, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

caption on photo '69th birthday 1983'
which is is rather strange, if he was indeed born in 1948. the image data says it is his 70th, but 1983 does not really allow him either age. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.16.41.96 (talk) 17:04, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I think the caption refers to William S. Burroughs, who has always been old as dirt. The Interior  (Talk) 17:58, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * You're right about the 69/70 discrepancy, fixed. The Interior  (Talk) 18:02, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

Schools
In the Childhood, itinerance, and adolescence section, there are three educational institutions whose links redirect back to this article. Specifically, they are Pines Elementary School, George Wythe High School, and Southern Arizona School for Boys.

Which, if any, of the redirects should be retargeted to the cities in which the schools are located? Which, if any, of the redirects should be deleted? SoledadKabocha (talk) 19:05, 13 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I have [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Gibson&diff=499086119&oldid=498584053 removed the wikilinks], and I now have a question about George Wythe High School. The link in the article was originally . However, George Wythe High School without the parenthetical disambiguator redirects to Richmond Public Schools. Is that the same school?
 * What should be done about the other redirects? SoledadKabocha (talk) 04:53, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

Buzz Rickson's collaboration
I didn't want to jump in and start bashing at a fairly well-tended page, as a long-out-of-practice editor, but I thought the page could do with some mention of one of Gibson's weirder side projects: he has a clothing line, in collaboration with the Japanese company Buzz Rickson's. It's fairly un-Googleable, as BR's main website - http://www.buzzricksons.jp/top.html - is usually a wrapper around their latest catalog, but the *current* link is http://bookshelf.wisebook3.jp/bookstore/h5/toyoenterprise/2500/#57.

BR does very accurate reproductions of military clothing, basically, and Gibson referenced them in one of his more recent novels, Pattern Recognition, saying one of the characters wore a black Buzz Rickson's MA-1 - this is mentioned in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayce_Pollard#Apparel. Ultimately as a result of this, BR approached Gibson about releasing a black version of their MA-1 as a collaboration, and the line was later expanded to include black versions of various other BR items.

Seems like a fun/interesting thing to note, anyway. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AdamWill (talk • contribs) 20:49, 3 July 2014 (UTC)

Your reversion of my edits to William Gibson
(This is a continuation of a discussion at User talk:Ylee.)

"On the side" is irrelevant whether used literally or metaphorically. If literally, it is unnecessary and redundant; if metaphorically, well, we should avoid metaphors in encyclopedic writing. The context, including the "I don't really use it for anything" quote, already establishes for the reader that Gibson rarely used his modem (not necessarily "at all" as you claim); "on the side" is thus both a metaphor to avoid and, given the context, unnecessary.

The reliable source states that Gibson used BBS lingo. That he himself did not participate in BBS culture directly does not change that he was exposed to such lingo from his social circles. I will reword the sentence to clarify, though.

This isn't a lengthy section on Gibson's exposure to and use of (or lack thereof) to computers; it's one paragraph that is part of a much larger article. Given that, and given his statements on the subject span many years, some jumping around is unavoidable. In fact, it is precisely that the time contexts (of necessity) varies in the paragraph why we should avoid anything other than the simple past tense, including avoiding the past perfect form. Ylee (talk) 18:14, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a featured article. When such an article grows by accretion, the originally flow, content, and context suffers. If you edit to cut content to fit your idea of style, the article suffers. You should have discussed my changes to you edits before removing. You did not. If you do not follow such a procedure, Wikipedia doesn't work? In particular, your dismissal of the close and important connection between Gibson's creations, computing, and culture does this article a disservice. At this point section 4 requires a rewrite. I'll do that, and post a new section on this talk page. - Neonorange (talk) 23:25, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130511083458/http://www.scribd.com/doc/81687312/From-Here-to-Infinity-an-Exploration-of-Science-Fiction-Literature-Michael-D-C-Drout to https://www.scribd.com/doc/81687312/From-Here-to-Infinity-an-Exploration-of-Science-Fiction-Literature-Michael-D-C-Drout

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Deleted Citation
Hello...this is my first time talking to anyone since being a Wiki editor: I messed up and deleted a section from External Links. I was trying to add a link to myself, as I am the one who wrote the transcript to the movie "No Maps For These Territories"—I didn't know that I should've used "User:Memory palace", and also probably put the link in the wrong place (outside the }} which deleted the whole citation). Will someone read this? Help! (The edit doesn't seem to have showed up in the change log, but the missing section sure is missing!) C. Wade (talk) 02:04, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

 * ✅: I've reverted your edit, and verified that the section and line appear. In my own opinion, who performed a transcription isn't necessarily worth space in an encyclopedia, since it's not a work of authorship. If it were a translation, I'd agree, particularly since a work might be translated differently by different translators. But if it's a transcription, the theory is that it should just be an accurate written account of someone else's spoken words. Someone else's authorship, in other words. Bill Woodcock (talk) 05:15, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Fair play. And if anyone is interested, I do have a disclaimer with my name on it. I'm not seeing the reversion, though...does it take time to marinate? C. Wade (talk) 01:43, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I saw the change immediately. Above is the current version, tinted green, below is the previous revision, tinted red. Is that not what you're seeing? [[Image:No Maps for These Territorries diff.jpg|500px]]
 * Also, the right place for this discussion is probably on the No Maps for These Territories Talk Page. Bill Woodcock (talk) 09:04, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

I don't agree, re: this discussion belonging on the No Maps page, as it pertains to the William Gibson article. And I *still* don't see the change live on the article. I would do this myself - by reverting to a previous instance and grabbing the correctly-formatted citation from there - but weirdly, the citation doesn't appear anywhere in the past revisions, almost as if it was deleted from history itself. I am probably going to have to just learn how to make a citation and re-publish it, but as you can see from my previous unsuccessful attempt, I am not heartened, thus this request for assistance...

title: Talk:William Gibson