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Moso's Footprint

According to myth, Moso's Footprint in Samoa was made when the giant Moso stepped over to Fiji from Samoa, and the other footprint can be found on Viti Levu of Fiji. It is a 2m long depression in basalt.

The Legend of Moso's Footprint:

Moso was a notorious giant-God of Samoa. Moso had two sons named Filele and Pau of botanical forms. The two sons grew to become valuable native hardwood trees for the Samoan people and are commonly found in the Falealupo area. Tuifiti, a Fijian King traveled from Fiji to Samoa with the intention of marrying Moso's children, only to discover they were not females. He returned to Fiji disappointed and his friendship with Moso as a result was severed. In order to restore their friendship, Moso stamped his right footprint in Samoa and his left in Fiji as a symbol of their infinite bond. Today, although very separate cultures with unique languages, Samoans and Fijians still hold a close bond.

How was the footprint actually formed?

This 2m long depression is a bit small for a giant who must have been 1500 km tall but there's a natural explanation. Geologists believe the surface outcrop is a thin bed of heavily jointed basalt. A tree has spread roots over the surface with rootlets penetrating basalt joints. When the tree toppled during a cyclone many years ago, the roots dislodged surface blocks, creating the depression or 'footprint' before you.

title: Moso's Footprint


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George Clift King

George Clift King (April 23, 1848 – July 18, 1935) was the second mayor of the town of Calgary, Alberta.

Early life
King was born in Chelmsford, England in 1848. At the age of 26, he left England for Canada, arriving in Toronto, Ontario, in 1874.

North-West Mounted Police
King joined the North-West Mounted Police and was part of the first contingent sent west to establish Fort Calgary in 1875. Constable King is often called Calgary's First Citizen, since he was the first NWMP officer to cross the Bow River and set foot on the future site of Calgary. This title is also sometimes given to Sam Livingston, another Calgary pioneer who arrived in the Calgary area in 1874; however, Calgary's first European settler was John Glenn who settled at Fish Creek in 1873. According to his scrip record, Antoine Godin, a Métis, had taken up more-or-less permanent residence in the vicinity of Calgary as early as 1870.

Life in Calgary
King left the NWMP in 1877 to manage the first store in Calgary, the I. G. Baker Store. In November 1879, he married Louise Munro, the daughter of a fur trader, and together were the first couple married in Calgary. Together they had four children. His son Edward (1885–1970) became a well-known ice hockey player in Calgary, and also played professionally with the Ottawa Senators in 1911–12.

In 1882, King started his own store G. C. King & Co. which sold a wide variety of goods including groceries, clothing, drugs, stationery and tobacco. King's store housed the local post office, and in 1885, King was appointed postmaster, and held this position for 36 years.

King was the mayor of the town of Calgary in the November 1886 Calgary municipal election, defeating John Lineham and served in the role from November 4, 1886, to January 16, 1888. King was elected following the Travis Affair where Mayor George Murdoch along with councillors Issac Sanford Freeze and Dr. Neville James Lindsay were removed from office effective October 21, 1886, by a special Territorial Ordinance issued by Stipendiary Magistrate Jeremiah Travis on allegations that Mayor Murdoch tampered with the voters' list in the prior election. Travis appointed James Reilly, the runner-up as Mayor, and Calgary was effectively without a local government until Justice Thomas Wardlaw Taylor was dispatched by the federal government to investigate and resolve the issue. King also spent four years as town councillor.

After his retirement as postmaster in 1921, he opened a tobacco and confectionery counter in MacLean's Drug Store on Eighth Avenue. King ran this business until his death in 1935. King was inducted into the Order of the British Empire on January 1, 1934, by King George V.

King was laid to rest in Calgary's Union Cemetery. On June 22, 2000, a monument was placed at King's grave and the grave of James Colvin, as they had been unmarked for several years. This was done as part of the 125-year anniversary celebrations of Calgary.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Clift King


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Talk:Biblical canon/Archive 1

With all due respect, what about the parts of the Bible that were destroyed because they were written by WOMEN? The Bible everyone is reading is broken, even as a history...

''Out of curiosity, do we know there were any? Culture in the ancient world didn't normally encourage such exploits, but there are notably exceptions, like Hypatia and Sappho. Have we found any woman-written apocrypha?''

''I agree. I do not know of any evidence that certain writings were rejected because of being written by women. another relevant fact is that the ability to write was a very specialized skill in the first century, and women were generally considered to be property, hence there was not a tendency to train them. I have heard some arguments that some of Jesus's disciples were women, (Mary and Martha immediately spring to mind, probably Mary Magdelene as well), however that doesn't mean they wrote anything down.''
 * Sappho survives almost entirely because people quoted her poetry approvingly. MOST lyric poets from antiquity survive only in the most pitifully fragmentary form (see the Loeb classical library, which I think has 5 volumes of Greek Lyric, very little of which is in good shape).  Catullus, for instance, survived in ONE mansucript copy up to the 16th century.  Not impressive.   So if a book did or didn't survive, it was because no one read it very much -- frequency of use is the best indicator for survival from Antiquity.  The accidental survival of a bunch of papyrus (e.g., the Nag hammadi material) is a 20th century revolution in linguistic study, but we make all too much of them I sometimes think just because they survive. --MichaelTinkler  (oh, and by the way, no one has ever disagreed that there were women disciples - only that the fact that there were no women among the apostles means something about priesthood or not.  Though a not uncommon title for Mary Magdalen in the middle ages was Apostola Apostolorum, "Apostle to the Apostles", because she knew about the resurrection first and went to tell them. --MCT.

-

Would this be an appropriate place to discuss New Testament Apocrypha (such as the Gospel of Thomas)? I can see what I can dig up on this, unless someone with more knowledge of the subject pipes up. --Claudine

''I expect that it is a reasonable place. I would also like some mention of the principles used by the early church in establishing what was canon in the New Testament, and by the early Jewish scholars as what was canon in the Tanakh''

I'm not sure it's entirely accurate to say the Jews/early church "were not interested in laying down a Canon, or set list of inspired books. " The Jewish sect of Sadducees for instance did not accept anything other than the Pentateuch (The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible attributed to Moses) and various church fathers discussed inclusion/exclusion of various books. It's certainly true that their approach to the idea of canon was different than much modern thinking.

Also, what about mention of the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox? They have their own canons, and a slightly different approach.

Probably should have an article about the LXX (ie. the Septuagint) as well

- On a minor strand, I MUCH prefer Septuagint to the abbreviation LXX. Not that either is common knowledge, but especially in an encyclopedia aimed at the normal  reader we owe it to them not to have a lot of abbreviations. Remember, Wiki isn't paper, and we don't have to worry about digital conservation issues yet. One has to know that septuaginta in Greek means 70 and that LXX is the Roman numeral for 70. It's not, for instance, the Greek numeral. If one wanted to link to the miracle of the Seventy, that would be one thing. Oh, well, just a little peevishness. I need lunch. --MichaelTinkler

I made LXX redirect to Septuagint, and additionall replaced most of the references the search engine found. That should take care of it --Alan Millar

It's Latin, not Greek. The Greek for 70 is ebdomékonta. -phma

What does "Books considered heretical or fraudulent" mean? Passive voice is avoided in good writing, and for a reason... ;-)

Also, the "other books" are neither quoted in New Testament but not included themselves, nor considered heretical or fraudulent, nor considered Gnostic (which are themselves not considered heretical or fraudulent?). I'm confused, as you can see. --LMS

That would mean books considered heretical or fraudulent according to those setting up the canon. Gnostic would be I suppose a specific heresy, don't remember why it was separate. Other books was just where I put books I knew nothing specific about besides their titles. Not a great system I know. -rmhermen

Perfection isn't required (yet), but I think it needs to be relabled. According to all of them? According to Protestants, Catholics, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, etc.? --LMS

Another point: this article should begin with a general description of what a Biblical canon in general is and why it is important. --LMS

This is a pretty good article, but it needs a lots of work. It seems inacurate in sveral places to me, but i will have to doa little more research before i dive in and change a bunch of stuff! until then i will say this: the use of the term "doubtfull books" is confusing to say the least. The link refers to the Apocrypha, but the NT books refered to have never been part of that group. It is confusing because the "doubtfull" OT ones listed are now considered non canocial by non-Catholics (also, that means they were excluded, not included!). A clear distinction needs to be made between the doubtfull books that were never considered scripture by most (untill the counter-reformation of the 17th c.) - Apocrypha, and books that were doubted by some early Christians for reasons such as uncertain authorship - eg Hebrews. To lump the Apocyrpha together with books that were left off some canon tables before Eusebius' (circa 260-340 AD) is highly inacurate.

A seperate but related point: Revelation's canocial status was not doubted by early christians. or am i wrong? someone have a reference to show this? That its author was the apostle John is supported as far back as c. 140 AD by Justin Martyr, Irenaeus and many others. --Asa

 * Revelation did not have a quick acceptance despite the tradition of Johannine authorship, and there were serious doubts about its inclusion in the Canon. It's not in the Peshitto (Syriac) version, and as late as the 4th century it's still being left off some lists in the East (Gregory of Nazianzen, patriarch of Constantinople, leaves it off).  The West was never so doubtful.  Most scholars think the reluctance was the problematic use it was always put to by apocalyptic groups, but that isn't ever explicit in the evidence.  --MichaelTinkler

ok. i did not know that. cheers. Asa

-

Having just re-read this page, whilst currently reading up on this topic for a series of bible classes i am teaching, i've come to the conclusion that this page has major problems. It seems to avoid talking about the subject at hand and rather concentrate on periphery issues such as "Books not included.." (which is a rediculous title, as it could just as well list Lord of the Rings and 1984!) and controversies between what is and what isn't canonical. As important as these issues are, we need to get to work on the main "meat" of this topic, such as dates Christian canon tables started to apear, how they evolved, how they differed, how they largely agreed by the 4th C., the factors leading the the previous recognision as these listed books as authoritative. Also vital is work on the old testament canon and the Jewish Bible, how it came to be formed, why Christians recognise it (largly because Jesus did), the differences in the grouping of books in Jewish and Christian traditions.... loads to do! Much of the material here has the wrong focus for an article on "canon" and rather belongs to "non-canon" or something! I dunno completely how to resolve this, but there is a major lack of focus ATM. I should be able to work some on this soon.. but not now.

AW - I agree, Asa. Not to say having all these other details is wrong or that they shouldn't have been added (we'd want 'em sooner or later), but yes, we do need the meat in this article. That's actually true of a number of different articles--they're incomplete in various important ways. Rome wasn't built in a day, though. We should be grateful that there is anything in those incomplete articles at all. --LMS - Asa, you say "A clear distinction needs to be made between the doubtfull books that were never considered scripture by most (untill the counter-reformation of the 17th c.) - Apocrypha, and books that were doubted by some early Christians for reasons such as uncertain authorship - eg Hebrews. To lump the Apocyrpha together with books that were left off some canon tables before Eusebius' (circa 260-340 AD) is highly inacurate." As far as I know, thats not true. The Deuterocanon was considered scripture by most until the Reformation, although there was always a significant minority who did not like it. I don't see how its highly inaccurate -- both sets of books have had their cannonicity doubted. In the end, all Christians ended up accepting the later set, while only some accepted the former -- but they both are books that were doubted. Stop with your Protestant bias or I'll report you to the Pope :P :)

AW, of course we wouldn't include 1984. But I think its useful to include Apocrypha/Psuedipigrapha -- books that are from a similar period and similar in style, but were not included. Of course, exactly where to draw the line between Apocrypha/Pseudipigrapha and early Patristic works can sometimes be difficult (consider 1 Clement, Shepherd of Hermas, etc.), and whether or not to consider some works Apocrypha/Psuedipigrapha or just part of wider Jewish or Christian literature (e.g. Psuedo-Phocylides, or however you spell him), can be difficult. We should also exclude mediaeval or modern "apocrypha" (e.g. Gospel of Barnabas, Life of Issa, Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Book of Jasher, the Book of Mormon, etc.) to a separate page (say modern and mediaeval apocrypha), although we should link to it. -- SJK

It's a nitpick, but I adding a bit at the top to make clear just exactly who believes what about whose god.JFQ

title: Talk:Biblical canon/Archive 1


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Category:Milwaukee

Articles related to the city of Milwaukee in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

title: Category:Milwaukee


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Ecoregions of Madagascar

The ecoregions of Madagascar, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund, include seven terrestrial, five freshwater, and two marine ecoregions. Madagascar's diverse natural habitats harbour a rich fauna and flora with high levels of endemism, but most ecoregions suffer from habitat loss.

Overview
Madagascar belongs to the Afrotropical realm. With its neighboring Indian Ocean islands, it has been classified by botanist Armen Takhtajan as Madagascan Region, and in phytogeography it is the floristic phytochorion Madagascan Subkingdom in the Paleotropical Kingdom. Madagascar features very contrasting topography, climate, and geology. A mountain range on the east, rising to 2,876 m at its highest point, captures most rainfall brought in by trade winds from the Indian Ocean. Consequently, the eastern belt harbours most of the humid forests, while precipitation decreases to the west. The rain shadow region in the southwest has a sub-arid climate. Temperatures are highest on the west coast, with annual means of up to 30 °C, while the high massifs have a cool climate, with a 5 °C annual mean locally. Geology features mainly igneous and metamorphic basement rocks, with some lava and quartzite in the central and eastern plateaus, while the western part has belts of sandstone, limestone (including the tsingy formations), and unconsolidated sand.

Terrestrial ecoregions
Seven terrestrial ecoregions are defined by the World Wildlife Fund for Madagascar. They range from the very humid eastern lowland forests to the sub-arid spiny thickets in the southwest.

Freshwater ecoregions

Freshwater ecoregions correspond to major catchment areas with a distinctive assemblage of species. In Madagascar, five ecoregions are distinguished:
 * Madagascar Eastern Lowlands includes the lower humid-climate coastal plain of eastern Madagascar.
 * Madagascar Eastern Highlands includes the middle and upper catchments of Madagascar's eastern coastal rivers.
 * Northwestern Madagascar encompasses the westward-flowing drainage basins from the northern tip of Madagascar to the Mahavavy du Sud River, including the Mananjeba, North Mahavavy (Mahavavy du Nord), Sambirano, Ankofia, Sofia, Anjobony, Mahajamba, Betsiboka, and South Mahavavy (Mahavavy du Sud).
 * Western Madagascar encompasses the drier western river basins, including the Manambolo, Tsiribihina, Mangoky, and Onilahy rivers.
 * Southern Madagascar encompasses the southern drainages of Madagascar, including the Mandrare, Manambovo, Menarandra, and Linta rivers, along with Lake Tsimanampetsotsa.

Marine ecoregions
The seas around Madagascar are part of the Western Indian Ocean province in the Western Indo-Pacific realm. They are divided into two marine ecoregions:
 * Southeast Madagascar
 * Western and Northern Madagascar

title: Ecoregions of Madagascar


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Sear (firearm)

In a firearm, the sear is the part of the trigger mechanism that holds the hammer, striker, or bolt back until the correct amount of pressure has been applied to the trigger, at which point the hammer, striker, or bolt is released to discharge the weapon. The sear may be a separate part or can be a surface incorporated into the trigger. Sear mechanisms are also frequently employed in archery release aids.

Description

As one firearms manufacturer notes:

"Sear: A sharp bar, resting in a notch (or in British: 'bent') in a hammer (or in British: 'tumbler'), holding the hammer back under the tension of the mainspring. When the trigger is pulled, the sear moves out of its notch, releasing the hammer and firing the gun."

The term "sear" is sometimes incorrectly used to describe a complete trigger group.

Within a trigger group, any number of sears may exist. For example, a Ruger Blackhawk single-action revolver contains one for releasing the hammer. A Ruger Redhawk double/single-action revolver contains two, one for single-action release and the other for double-action release. A Browning BLR rifle contains three sears, all used simultaneously for hammer release. On many select-fire weapons, two sears exist, one for semi-automatic fire and the second for full-automatic fire. In this case, the selector switch disengages one over the other.

Trigger sears are a key component for trigger pull characteristics. Larger sears create creep while shorter ones produce a crisp pull. Aftermarket trigger companies, such as Bold, Timney, and Jewell, produce products in which sear contact is adjustable for personal preference. When a gunsmith does a "trigger job" to improve the quality and release of a trigger pull, most often the work includes modifying the sear, such as polishing, lapping, etc.

The sear on many firearms is often connected to a disconnector, which, after a cycle of semi-automatic fire has proceeded, keeps the hammer in place until the trigger is released and the sear takes over. Many firearms, such as the M1911 pistol, use a notch in the slide of the handgun that the top end of the disconnector returns to after the trigger is released. When the trigger is still under pressure by the firearm operator, the disconnector will not retract to its resting position. On other handguns, such as the Series 80 version of the M1911, a firing pin block acts as an internal safety, which is disengaged by the disconnector after the trigger is pulled. However, because of the spring tension placed on the disconnector by the firing pin block, the weight of the trigger pull is significantly increased.

Trigger pull is related to the interaction of the sear with the trigger and the spring. It can be measured, regulated and adjusted, but it is a complicated mechanical problem.

History
The sear has been found on early weapons such as the crossbow. The term may be related to the French verb serrer, "to grip", and the noun serre, "claw, talon, grasp." The term appears in Hamlet: "the Clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickled o'th' sear" (i.e. those who have a 'hair-trigger' laugh reaction).

title: Sear (firearm)


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Talk:Crackerjack! (TV programme)

Start year
Crackerjack actually started in 1955, not 1957.

Australian movie
Any info on the Australian movie, starring Mick Malloy? - Ta bu shi da yu 08:32, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

'Take a Chance'
I have moved the following detailed description of one game here. It is too detailed for the overall article and makes it imbalanced. Leaving a brief description in the article. Lumos3 17:11, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * In 1982 in a bid to try and boost flagging ratings Crackerjack introduced gunge into it's games and launched a new game called 'Take a Chance' in which the celebrity guests could score extra points for the contestant they teamed up with in the game `Take a Letter', earlier in the show the contestants picked a colour which would be their 'Joker' for the rest of the show, these were Orange,Yellow or Green and in Take a Chance there were on each side of the studio 3 booths (2 booths in 1983 & 1984) with the `joker` colours and the celebrity guest would enter the booth of the colour of the contestant's joker while Stu Francis entered one of the other booths to win points for the other contestant, when they were seated in the booths Stu would say 'Right for the viewers watching at home or in the audience here are the points to be won or the penalties to pay' at which point doors above the booths opened to reveal the point values of the correct answer and also the name of the gunge that is in the tanks above their heads which was disgusting names ie 'Rancid Butter' or 'Burned Beans' then the child or hostess would ask Stu and the celebrity guest a question which was normally easy and whoever gave the correct answer stayed clean and scored the points for the child they played for while the other would have the contents of the tank dropped over them from above, if both Stu and the celebrity guest failed to give a correct answer then they both would get gunged which happened a few times but on some occasions if Stu got both questions correct and avoided getting gunged one of the celebrity guests would hold Stu in the booth while they released the gunge all over him.

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Search problems
Typing "crackerjack" into the poor quality piece of work that is the wikiality search "function" delivers this page directly. That MUST be changed. This poor quality article is in NO WAY the most notable use to the term "crackerjack". The search engine should deliver the disambiguation page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.151.226.164 (talk) 16:55, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Introduction section
This section currently states, "When Eamonn Andrews presented Crackerjack! the show was on a Thursday not a Friday. It moved to a Friday when Leslie Crowther took over presenting the show." I don't think this is correct. I watched the show when Andrews was the presenter but had outgrown it by the time Crowther took over. The show was definitely broadcast on Fridays when I watched. Unfortunately I can't find any sources to support either my memory or what the article currently says. Perhaps someone with access to the Alan Stafford book about the show can give the correct answer. --Prh47bridge (talk) 21:06, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
 * The catch phrase which I'm sure all of us of a certain age will remember is "It's Friday. It's five-to-five... and it's Crackerjack!" Also, the much desired prize was not just a pencil, it was a "Crackerjack! Pencil and Pen." I don't think this article really grasps just how much the guided anarchy of Crackerjack meant to many young people. There was also the occasion when the now-disgraced Rolf Harris sang 'Two Little Boys' - the audience spontaneously joined in and reduced him to tears. I can't forgive him for tainting that memory :-( 79.75.151.81 (talk) 16:04, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

Circus excerpts regularly shown on old crackerjack
Please settle a friends disagreement about whether for a period ( maybe one series, maybe more) there was a circus excerpt series, a relationship between the show and a circus. 86.187.234.8 (talk) 15:11, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crackerjack! (TV programme)


text: Category:Astrological signs

title: Category:Astrological signs


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Lear

Lear or Leir may refer to:

Acronyms

 * Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios, a Mexican association of revolutionary artists and writers
 * Low Energy Ion Ring, an ion pre-accelerator of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
 * Low Energy Antiproton Ring, the former name and function of the Low Energy Ion Ring
 * Rapeseed, a member of the family Brassicaceae cultivated for its oil-rich seed

Arts and entertainment

 * King Lear, a tragedy by William Shakespeare based on the legend of Leir of Britain
 * King Leir, an anonymous 1594 play based on the legend of Leir of Britain
 * Lear (play), a 1971 Edward Bond play
 * Lear (opera), a 1978 opera by Aribert Reimann
 * The Last Lear, a 2007 Indian play
 * The Lears, a 2017 American comedy-drama film
 * The Yiddish King Lear, an 1892 play
 * Lear's (1988–1994), a monthly women's magazine

People

 * Leir of Britain, a legendary king of the Britons
 * Lear (1808 cricketer)

Surname

 * Alan W. Lear (1953–2008), Scottish writer of science fiction and horror
 * Amanda Lear, French singer
 * Andrew Lear (born 1958), American classicist
 * Ben Lear (1879–1966), United States Army general
 * Beth Lear, American politician
 * Bill Lear (1902–1978), American engineer, businessman and inventor
 * Edward Lear (1812–1888), English author and artist
 * Eliot Lear, member of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 * Evelyn Lear (1926–2012), American operatic soprano
 * Frances Lear (1923–1996), American magazine publisher
 * Jonathan Lear (born 1948), philosopher
 * Les Lear (1918–1979), National (U.S.) and Canadian Football League player and coach
 * Louise Lear (born 1967), BBC Weather presenter
 * Moya Lear (1915–2001), an American businesswoman
 * Nicholas Lear, American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
 * Norman Lear (1922–2023), American television writer and producer
 * Peter Lear (disambiguation)
 * Roger Leir (1934–2014), American podiatric surgeon and ufologist
 * Tobias Lear (1762–1816), personal secretary to President George Washington
 * Thomas Lear (disambiguation)

Other uses

 * Lear Corporation, an American automotive supplier
 * LearAvia Lear Fan, an American turboprop business aircraft designed in the 1970s
 * Learjet, an aircraft series
 * Leir (Marvel Comics), a fictional character in the Marvel universe
 * Lear, County Londonderry, a townland in Cumber Upper, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
 * Lear, a thickened sauce used in Battalia pie and other dishes in English Early Modern cooking
 * Lear, a character in Pokémon Masters EX

title: Lear


text:
Mazingira Green Party of Kenya

The Mazingira Green Party of Kenya is a Kenyan green party. It was formerly known as Liberal Party of Kenya (LPK). At the 1997 Kenyan General Elections LPK fielded a presidential candidate, Wangari Maathai, who later became a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Maathai was only a minor candidate. She did not win a parliamentary seat. In 2002, the next general elections were held and the Maathai-led party was part of the victorious NARC coalition. Maathai herself won the Tetu Constituency parliamentary seat.

At the Kenyan general election, 2007, Mazingira was part of the newly created Party of National Unity led by President Mwai Kibaki. However, Mazingira also fielded own candidates. Mazingira won one parliamentary seat at the elections, after Silas Muriuki beat PNU candidate David Mwiraria to clinch the North Imenti Constituency parliamentary seat. Maathai was first outvoted at the PNU primary elections and therefore vied on Mazingira ticket, but at the parliamentary elections lost again to the PNU candidate.

Terminology
The word Mazingira is Swahili for environment.

title: Mazingira Green Party of Kenya


text:
User talk:Anika2

Welcome
Hi there Anika2! Welcome to Wikipedia.

Thanks for editing Slavonski Brod, but notice the "Show preview" button. :)

If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. You can also ask lowly Wikipedians like myself if you need anything.

Good luck. --Joy [shallot]   17:52, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anika2


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Talk:Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends

Hey
Isn't spain in Europe??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.102.131.145 (talk) 22:17, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, but for some reason it was split. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 22:46, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but for some reason has divided 189.216.183.9 (talk) 07:16, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 April 2021
Please replace the template with. 67.173.23.66 (talk) 03:16, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. ‑‑Volteer1 (talk) 07:15, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

An quick edit about Cartoon Network old series
Keroes5 (talk) 19:49, 27 April 2024 (UTC)


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Talk:Banff, Alberta

Comment
I'll come back to add some more detail to the town history

Nav Table
I rewrote the nav table based on an example at North Vancouver, British Columbia (City). I think it looks better but I can be persuaded otherwsie. In many ways, I would prefer just to have a list of neighouring towns/cities. Also, I inserted a  which is necessary so that the thumbs don't overlap the table in my browser (Mozilla). At a minimum, this should be added to the other towns with a nav table. Al guy 20:24, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice table. I was trying to keep a link to Calgary, as some may want to link to the next major city, without jumping throught the small towns, like the local bus route! What we need on the pages for communities is a template that lists other communiteis, like what is on the Winnipeg page4, but I am not that familiar with the language to add that yet.
 * I agree that having more than just the nearest town is preferable. How about going with something like this: (this numbers are pretty approximate)
 * ==Surrounding Communities:==
 * East: Canmore (31 km), Exshaw, Calgary (133 km)
 * West: Lake Louise (50 km), Field (70 km)
 * South: Radium (130 km), Cranbrook (270 km)
 * Al guy 15:54, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

Image
Would anyone mind if I replaced the photo of Banff with a clearer one. The one on the page is a tad blurry and not very clear. Ben W Bell 10:45, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Better photos are always appreciated. Although raised in Banff, it is the best I had, a slide then transfered to print.Glenlarson 16:52, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The logo is not up to date with the current town logo. Go to the town of Banff Website and it should be at the bottom. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.29.253.250 (talk • contribs).
 * OK --Qyd 23:59, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Town of Banff logo needs to be updated, the current image is 3 years out of date. I can provide official logo (I am Town of Banff's web administrator), but don't know how to make the edit. Audioworld (talk) 21:27, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Inserted the proper logo. Audioworld (talk) 22:14, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Can someone please update the picture of banff avenue. Banff Avenue has finished constructing and its been 3 years since Banff Refreshing. Please Update. Indeceased 16:52, 6 Nov 2010 (UTC)

Table
I added a table to the right hand side much in the way that US cities are done. I did it in HTML format since I find Wiki's format a little more difficult to use and modify. I think the way I have laid out the HTML table will make it simple to alter :). I also added a map. I'm not happy with it, but it is the best I could draw. Does anyone else have a better map? Cadillac 01:33, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Cap on growth
I was told the last time I was there that anyone who can show descent from a resident in 1910 (ie before the establishment of the park authority) also has the legal right to settle. Is that correct? It would account for the excellent service I got from the municipal office indexing and locating the graves in the town cemetery. Richard Pinch 12:11, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Need to check facts
The picture is NOT of Banff avenue, it's of an intersection that crosses Banff Ave. That's Cascade Plaza, the only part of Banff Ave visible is the blockades on the left of the picture. Just sayin'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.32.152.179 (talk) 14:27, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Need to reside requirement link
That link is broken. Rybu (talk) 18:01, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Internment Camps
The article should mention that Banff was built by World War I internment camp prisoners. Two internment camps were located there from 1914 to 1920, one at Castle Mountain and the other in town adjacent to the Cave and Basin National Historic Site.184.147.236.183 (talk) 05:45, 11 June 2013 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Banff, Alberta
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Banff, Alberta's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "envcan": From Beaverlodge:  From Bowden, Alberta:  From Calgary:  From Athabasca, Alberta:  From Fort Saskatchewan:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 00:02, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

Inconsistency with George Stephen page
The Banff page says "The area was named Banff in 1884 by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace in Banff, Scotland." However, the page about George Stephen says he was born in Dufftown, Scotland. Dufftown and Banff are some 30 miles apart. However, Dufftown is in what was historically named Banffshire (otherwise referred to the County of Banff). I don't know the reason for the inconsistency, so I haven't proposed a correction so much as left it open for someone that knows more about the history of George Stephen and Banff.

Teuchy (talk) 01:34, 22 September 2020 (UTC)teuchy

title: Talk:Banff, Alberta


text:
User talk:Lancew

ClockworkTroll 17:58, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Dont add your own stuff
Wikipedia is not a market place where you should write articles about work or projects of your own. Wikipedia should have relevant content and be of NPOV (Neutral Point of View). If someone finds your e-Judo project interesting enough then they would add it to Wikipedia. But you should never add an article about something that you made yourself.

Unreferenced BLPs
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Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:13, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Khalid Aziz -

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Draft:Juliet Dymoke concern
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Your draft article, Draft:Juliet Dymoke

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title: User talk:Lancew


text:
User talk:Mogrady

ClockworkTroll 17:58, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Edward 00:12, 2005 May 15 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. Edward 09:11, 2005 May 15 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mogrady


text:
User talk:Project2501a

Better source request for File:Alex Meschisvili.jpg
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Nomination of 9 Queens for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Seems like it's sorted
Looks like you managed to sign in, I left your IP a message here - but it seems like you're all sorted now --  samtar talk or stalk 13:58, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

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Nomination for merger of Template:In translation
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title: User talk:Project2501a


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Category:Branches of philosophy

 * This category is intended for the main areas of philosophy studied in modern academics.

title: Category:Branches of philosophy


text:
The Irony of Fate

The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath! (Ирония судьбы, или С лёгким паром!, literally: The Irony of Fate, or With A Light Steam!), usually shortened to The Irony of Fate, is a 1976 Soviet romantic comedy television film directed by Eldar Ryazanov and starring Andrey Myagkov, Barbara Brylska, Yury Yakovlev and Lyubov Dobrzhanskaya. The screenplay was written by Emil Braginsky and Ryazanov, loosely based on the director's 1971 play, Once on New Year's Eve (Однажды в новогоднюю ночь).

Filmed at the Mosfilm Studios, The Irony of Fate doubles as a screwball comedy and a love story tinged with sadness. It was one of the most successful Soviet television productions and remains a highly popular New Year's Eve classic in Russia and the post-Soviet states, with millions tuning in to rewatch it every New Year's Eve.

Plot
The key subplot is the drab uniformity of Brezhnev-era public architecture. This setting is explained in a humorous animated prologue (directed and animated by cartoonist Vitaly Peskov) in which architects are overruled by politicians and red tape. As a result, the identical, functional but unimaginative multistory apartment buildings found their way into every city, town, and suburb across the Soviet Union.

Following their annual tradition, a group of friends meet at a banya (a traditional public "sauna" bathhouse) in Moscow to celebrate New Year's Eve. The friends all get very drunk toasting the upcoming marriage of the central male character, Zhenya Lukashin (Andrey Myagkov) to Galya (Olga Naumenko). After the bath, one of the friends, Pavlik (Aleksandr Shirvindt), has to catch a flight to Leningrad and the entire group is going to take him to the airport. By the time the group makes it to the airport, Zhenya and Pavlik are passed out. The remaining friends cannot remember which person from their group is supposed to travel. They mistakenly get Zhenya onto the plane instead of Pavlik.

Zhenya spends the entire flight sleeping on the shoulder of his annoyed seatmate (Eldar Ryazanov in a brief comedic cameo appearance). The seatmate helps Zhenya get off the plane in Leningrad. Zhenya wakes up in the Leningrad airport, believing he is still in Moscow. He stumbles into a taxi and, still quite drunk, gives the driver his address. It turns out that in Leningrad there is an identical address that belongs to an apartment buildings of a design identical to Zhenya's building in Moscow. He takes the elevator to "his" apartment and, surprisingly, the key fits in the door (as alluded to in the introductory narration, "...building standard apartments with standard locks"). Inside, even the furniture is nearly identical to that of Zhenya's apartment, but Zhenya is too drunk to notice any minor differences.

Meanwhile, the apartment's resident, Nadya Shevelyova (Barbara Brylska), comes home and finds Zhenya asleep on her bed. To make matters worse, Nadya's fiancé, Ippolit (Yuri Yakovlev), shows up without an advance notice. Ippolit becomes furious, refuses to believe Zhenya and Nadya's explanations, and storms out. Zhenya is about to leave to get back to Moscow but circumstances make him return repeatedly. Nadya wants to get rid of Zhenya as soon as possible, but there are no flights to Moscow until the next morning. Additionally, Zhenya tries repeatedly to call Moscow and explain to Galya what has happened. Eventually, he does contact Galya, but she is furious and hangs up on his call. Ippolit also calls Nadya's apartment and hears Zhenya answer. Although Zhenya is trying to be available to receive potential calls from Galya, Ippolit also refuses to accept the truth of the situation. Nadya goes to the railway station and buys a train ticket to Moscow for Zhenya, but he abruptly rips it up and refuses to leave. It seems more and more clear that Zhenya and Nadya are the only two people who understand the night's circumstances.

Thus, Zhenya and Nadya are compelled to spend New Year's Eve together. At first, they continue to treat each other with animosity, but gradually their behavior softens, and the two fall in love. In the morning, a drunken Ippolit barges into the apartment and amazes Zhenya and Nadia with his erratic behavior (he takes a shower right in his winter coat and hat) and at the same time logical and close to the truth arguments about what happened on this New Year's Eve. Ippolit, wet "with tears", leaves Nadia for good. The duo feel that everything that has happened to them was a delusion, and they make the difficult decision to part. With a heavy heart, Zhenya returns to Moscow. Meanwhile, Nadya reconsiders everything and, deciding that she might have let her chance at happiness slip away, takes a plane to Moscow to find Zhenya. She has no difficulty finding him as their addresses are the same, and her key matches his lock.

Cast

 * Andrey Myagkov as Yevgeny Mikhaylovich Lukashin, "Zhenya" (vocals by Sergey Nikitin)
 * Barbara Brylska as Nadezhda Vasilyevna Shevelyova, "Nadya" (dubbed over by Valentina Talyzina, vocals by Alla Pugacheva)
 * Yury Yakovlev as Ippolit Georgievich, Nadya's fiancé
 * Lyubov Dobrzhanskaya as Marina Dmitriyevna, Zhenya's mother
 * Olga Naumenko as Galya, Zhenya's fiancée
 * Aleksandr Shirvindt as Pavlik, Zhenya's best friend/author's text
 * Georgi Burkov as Misha, Zhenya's friend
 * Valentina Talyzina as Valya, Nadya's friend
 * Liya Akhedzhakova as Tanya, Nadya's friend
 * Aleksandr Belyavsky as Sasha, Zhenya's friend
 * Gotlib Roninson as man at the airport
 * Eldar Ryazanov as Zhenya's fellow passenger on board
 * Lyubov Sokolova as Olga Nikolayevna, Nadya's mother

Soundtrack
After reading the script, composer Mikael Tariverdiev was puzzled by its genre diversity. As a result, he defined it for himself as a Christmas fairy tale, and for musical accompaniment he chose eight romances - "about love, about happiness, about jealousy, about kindness, about the desire to be understood" - which at first sound like a sharp counterpoint to what is happening on the screen, but then "scissors between the sound and the picture converged".

The soundtrack for The Irony of Fate was partly released on Mikael Tariverdiev's LP in 1976 by Melodiya. A full soundtrack was released in 2009 by Bomba Music (Russia) and in 2016 by Earth (UK).

Male vocals are mostly performed by Sergey Nikitin, female vocals — by Alla Pugacheva. Initially, Anna German was preparing to perform songs for the film, but the recording did not take place — the funds for the invitation of a foreign singer were not included in the estimate.

Reception
The two consecutive episodes of The Irony of Fate were originally broadcast by the Soviet central television channel, Programme One, on 1 January 1976, at 18:00. The film was a resounding success with audiences: author Fedor Razzakov recalled that "virtually the entire country watched the show"; the number of viewers was estimated to have been about 100 million. In response to popular demand, the feature had a first re-run on 7 February. By 1978, after several further broadcasts of the picture, the accumulated number of viewers for all of the showings including the first was estimated at 250 million. A shortened 155 minute version was released to cinemas on August 16, 1976; which sold 7 million tickets. The readers of Sovetskii Ekran, the official publication of the State Committee for Cinematography, voted The Irony of Fate as the best film of 1976, and chose Andrey Myagkov as the best actor of the year. In 1977, Ryazanov, Braginsky, cinematographer Vladimir Nakhabtsev, composer Mikael Tariverdiev and actors Barbara Brylska and Myagkov were all awarded the USSR State Prize in recognition of their participation in making the film.

George Faraday commented that while it was basically a happy ending romantic comedy, The Irony of Fate had a "socially critical undertone." It could be interpreted as an "explicit commentary... On the soulless uniformity of the Soviet urban landscape". Simultaneously, however, critics accused the director of creating an escapist film which allowed the Soviet audience to turn away from the "unattractive features" of their country's reality. In a 1977 issue of Sovetskii Ekran, Ryazanov responded that "to reassure, to encourage the viewer – it is not such a sin." He rejected the claims his pictures were meant to please state authorities, stating their optimistic nature was "spontaneous" rather than "forced".

In his book "Nepoladki v russkom dome"(Неполадки в русском доме) Sergey Kara-Murza posted a critical article in which he reproached Ryazanov for the "anti-Sovietism" nature of his heroes, as well as for the formation and cultivation of images of "internal emigrants" by him. In his opinion, the heroes of the film are "typical intelligents of those years with social traits close to this circle," who, however, are well over thirty but they do not have a family and children, while having energetic mothers [almost implausible for a post-war generation] who care about their comfort and material well-being. The subtle signs of the "far-fetched elitism, aristocracy" of the film's characters were picked up and assimilated by a very significant part of the intelligentsia, who eventually "enthusiastically accepted Perestroika and applauded Sakharov".

In 2019, archdeacon Vladimir Vasilik analyzed several themes of the film - orphanhood and fatherlessness of the Soviet intelligentsia of the Khrushchev-Brezhnev era, love and betrayal, drunkenness, blizzard as an image of Fate and a metaphor of infernal fun for the New Year, - and described the film as "a monument to the era of late socialism with all its greatness and tragedy," which at the same time "carries the reflection of the love fading on earth from people who have experienced God-abandonment." Longing for God is transmitted primarily "in songs and poems that serve as a chorus in ancient tragedy."

Legacy
The film is widely regarded as a classic piece of Russian popular culture and is traditionally broadcast in Russia and almost all former Soviet republics every New Year's Eve (Andrew Horton and Michael Brashinsky likened its status to that held by Frank Capra's 1946 It's a Wonderful Life in the United States as a holiday staple). The soundtrack of the film was also highly appreciated and places among the most famous and recognizable music of an era in post-Soviet countries. This tradition was discontinued in Ukraine in 2015 when licence holder STB decided not to broadcast the movie after the actress Valentina Talyzina was banned from entering Ukraine for "statements contradicting the interests of our national security".

In 2006, The New Year's Eve musical film "The First Fast", shown on Channel One, included a mini-sequel to "The Irony of Fate". Ippolit and Nadia meet after 30 years. During the heartful conversation, it turns out that Zhenya and Nadia broke up quite quickly and Ippolit is still not married. To Nadia's question, "Why?" he answers: "I've been waiting for you. And I keep waiting." Nadia doesn't know what to answer and whispers "Don't be sad". Ippolit remains alone. Gleb Kolondo (Vatnikstan) considered: "It seemed to be better than Bekmambetov's [film] two years later".

Sequel
A sequel, The Irony of Fate 2, was released in December 2007, becoming a box office hit and grossing over $55 million to a production budget of $5 million.

The film starred Konstantin Khabensky and Elizaveta Boyarskaya as the grown-up children of Lukashin and Sheveleva who have managed to get into the same situation as their parents did.

Andrey Myagkov, although he took part in the filming, eventually expressed his regret and dissatisfaction with the final result.

Remakes
In 2015, an Indian remake of the film called I Love NY was released, starring actors Sunny Deol and Kangana Ranaut. The film performed poorly critically and was a box office flop.

In 2022, an American remake of the film titled About Fate was released. It was directed by Maryus Vaysberg and starred Emma Roberts and Thomas Mann in the lead roles.

title: The Irony of Fate


text:
Aurillac

Aurillac (Orlhac ) is the prefecture of the Cantal department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

Geography

Aurillac is at 600 m above sea level and located at the foot of the Cantal mountains in a small sedimentary basin. The city is built on the banks of the Jordanne, a tributary of the Cère. It is 558 km south of Paris and 223 km north of Toulouse. Aurillac was part of a former Auvergne province called Haute-Auvergne and is only 20 km away from the heart of the Auvergne Volcano Park. Access to the commune is by numerous roads including the D922 from Naucelles in the north, the D17 from Saint-Simon in the north-east, Route nationale N122 from Polminhac in the east which continues to Sansac-de-Marmiesse in the south-west, the D920 to Arpajon-sur-Cère in the south-east, and the D18 to Ytrac in the west. Aurillac station, in the centre of town, lies on the Figeac-Arvant railway. It has rail connections to Clermont-Ferrand, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Toulouse. About 50% of the commune is urbanised with farmland to the east and west of the urban area.

Aurillac – Tronquières Airport is located in the south of the commune with its runway extending beyond the commune boundary. It is connected to Paris by two daily flights by the Air France subsidiary HOP!. The commune was awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

The Jordanne river flows through the heart of the commune from north to south where it joins the Cère just south of the commune.

Localities and districts

 * Boudieu on the N122, which is called the Route de Sansac-de-Marmiesse or de Toulouse, is a farm with a farm house from the 1900s and three farm buildings.
 * Boudieu-Bas on the N122 is a set of houses built in the 1960s with some buildings used commercially or for crafts.
 * Gueret on the N122 is a farm with two houses and two agricultural buildings. This hamlet is traversed by an old country road from a place formerly called Julien from which name for the SNCF Julien Bridge comes. The former Julien is towards the Chateau of Tronquières in the urban area on Avenue Charles de Gaulle opposite the Medico-Surgical Centre (CMC). This farm with its house and barn were absorbed by the city on the creation of a district in the 1970s until the mid 1980s. The agricultural buildings were demolished to make room for a shop.
 * La Sablère on the RN122 is a set of dwellings mostly from the 1980s. Originally there was a farm. This place spreads over two communes: Aurillac and Arpajon-sur-Cere with the majority of the buildings in Arpajon-sur-Cere.
 * Le Barra near the avenue Aristide Briand, also called the Ancienne route de Vic or the old N120. This is a farm and houses.
 * Les Quatre Chemins at the intersection of the D120 and the D922 on the borders of Aurillac, Naucelles, and Ytrac. It is a complex of commercial buildings and residences on the crossroads of the two former National highways.
 * Tronquières on an avenue. Originally it was a farm with a chateau but the chateau and outbuildings were demolished in 2011. Today it is a grouping of housing units specializing in housing assistance for the integration of disabled people (ADAPEI) and the airport. It is the reception area for travellers to the city and a former landfill and rubbish centre. Before the construction of the airport the meadows were areas for summer grazing for nearby farms such as the Boudieu farm.

Climate
Influenced by its altitude, Aurillac features an oceanic climate (Cfb), closely bordering on a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) under the Köppen system. In spite of this, the city enjoys more than 2,100 hours of sunshine per year on average, but also a high amount of precipitations per year on average. The record low temperature was -24.5 C on 9 January 1985 and the record high was 38.0 C on 30 July 1983.

Toponymy
The origin of the name Aurillac is from Aureliacum meaning "Villa of Aurelius" and dates back to the Gallo-Roman era. It is attested in the polygonal Fanum d'Aron which was built in the 1st century and discovered in 1977 at Lescudillier.

History
It is thought that in the Gallic era the original site of the city was on the heights overlooking the current city at Saint-Jean-de-Dône ("Dône" from dunum) and, like most oppida, it was abandoned after the Roman conquest in favour of a new city established on the plain. With the return of instability in the Lower Roman Empire there was a movement towards Encastellation and a new fortified site was established in mid-slope between the former oppidum and the old Gallo-Roman city where the Chateau of Saint-Étienne is today.

The history of the city is really only known from 856, the year of the birth of Count Gerald of Aurillac at the castle where his father, also named Gerald, was lord. In 885 he founded a Benedictine monastery which later bore his name. It was in this monastery that Gerbert, the first French pope under the name of Sylvester II, studied.

The city was made in a Sauveté area which was located between four crosses and was founded in 898 by Gerald shortly after the abbey. The first urban area was circular and built close to the Abbey of Aurillac. Gerald died around 910 but his influence was such that over the centuries Gerald was always a baptismal name prevalent in the population of Aurillac and the surrounding area.

It was in the 13th century that municipal conflict began between consuls and abbots. After taking the Chateau of Saint-Étienne in 1255 and two negotiated agreements called the Peace of Aurillac, relations were normalised.

In the 13th and 14th centuries Aurillac withstood several sieges by the English and in the 16th century continued to suffer from civil and religious wars.

The influence of the abbey declined with its secularization and its implementation of orders.

In 1569 the city was delivered by treason to the Protestants: people were tortured and held to ransom and the Abbey was sacked. The library and archives were all burned.

Before the French Revolution Aurillac had a Présidial and carried the title of capital of the Haute-Auvergne. In 1790 on the creation of departments, after a period of alternating with Saint-Flour, Aurillac definitively became the capital of Cantal.

The arrival of the railway in 1866 accelerated the development of the city.

At the first census in 1759 there were 6,268 people in Aurillac, it now has about 28,000.

Cantons
Aurillac is the capital of the department of Cantal (seat of the prefecture) and of the Arrondissement of Aurillac as well as for three cantons (INSEE names):
 * Aurillac-1: Ytrac and part of Aurillac
 * Aurillac-2: part of Aurillac
 * Aurillac-3: part of Aurillac

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

 * Mayors from 1941

Twinning
Aurillac has twinning associations with:
 * 🇩🇪 Bocholt (Germany) since 1972.
 * Bassetlaw (United Kingdom) since 1980.
 * 🇲🇱 Bougouni (Mali) since 1985.
 * 🇪🇸 Altea (Spain) since 1992.
 * 🇷🇴 Vorona (Romania) since 2000.

Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aurillacois or Aurillacoises in French.

Economy

 * Aurillac is the seat of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Cantal which manages commercial villages (including that of Tronquières in Aurillac). Aurillac Airport is managed by the CABA (Urban Community of the Aurillac Basin Agglomeration).

Shops
Aurillac has hundreds of boutiques, shops, and artisans.

Industry

 * Processing of agricultural products, particularly milk and meat. Manufacturing and packaging of Cantal cheese.
 * Historic French capital of umbrellas with half of French production - 250,000 units in 1999 - and provides 100 jobs. After declining for several decades at the end of the 20th century, Aurillac umbrella producers decided to join their forces and created the Economic Interest Group, or GIE in 1997. They then launched their products under a single label, L'aurillac Parapluie (The Aurillac Umbrella).
 * Aurillac is also the seat of what was the European leader in healthcare duvets and pillows: Abeil and the plasturgist Auriplast specializes in injection and electroplating.

Also found in Aurillac are different players in various food fields (e.g. the Couderc distillery with its famous gentian liqueur and famous establishments such as the Leroux and Bonal cheese factories, the Morin refinery, MAS charcuteries, Teil cured by the Altitude group, refrigerated transport operator Olano Ladoux etc.).

Aurillac is best known for its Cheese centre based on the heights of Aurillac close to the Chateau Saint-Étienne. It was established in 1993, the structure consists of an association bringing together many organisations to develop scientific programs. It develops scientific programs relating to the cheese sector.

Data processing
Aurillac hosts several websites:
 * video games with Jeuxvideo.com
 * trucks with Net-truck
 * aeronautical accessories with Aerodiscount

Aurillac has also been the headquarters of the ERP vendor Qualiac since 1979.

Culture and heritage
The commune has a very large number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments. There are also a very large number of items which are registered as historical objects in various locations.

Civil heritage
Some of the most interesting sites are:
 * The Chateau of Saint-Etienne (9th century) which overlooks the city.
 * The Aurillac National Stud
 * The Musée des volcans (Museum of Volcanos), at the château Saint-Étienne
 * The Musée d'art et d'archéologie d'Aurillac (Museum of Art and Archaeology), 37 rue des Carmes
 * The former Consul's House.
 * The former Présidial
 * The former Jesuit College
 * The Palace of Justice (1872)
 * The Prison (1855)
 * The Police Station (1872)
 * The Town Hall (17th century)
 * The Prefecture (19th century)

Religious heritage
The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
 * The Abbey Saint-Géraud (11th century). The Abbey has several items that are registered as historical objects:
 * The Organ (1760)
 * The Instrumental part of the Organ (1760)
 * A Reliquary of Saint Blaise (17th century)
 * A Reliquary of Saint Benoît (17th century)
 * A Reliquary of Saint Odon (17th century)
 * The Church of Notre-Dame-aux-Neiges (1332). The chapel contains a large number of items which are registered as historical objects.
 * The Church of Sacré Coeur (1937). The chapel has one group of items that is registered as an historical object:
 * Interior Decor, Stained glass, Reliefs, paintings, and mosaics (20th century)
 * The Chapel of Aurinques (1616). The chapel has a number of items that are registered as historical objects:
 * A Bronze Bell (1554)
 * An Ex-voto Painting: Procession of Acts of Grace (1701)
 * An Ex-voto Painting: Deliverance of the Town (18th century)
 * An Ex-voto Painting: Attack on the Town (1701)
 * A Glass wall: Virgin and Child (163)
 * The Church of Saint-Joseph-Ouvrier (20th century)

Cultural facilities

Aurillac has several dance centres:
 * Folk dancing: dancers and singers from the Auvergne School
 * Conservatory: National School of Music and Dance of Aurillac
 * Arabesque;
 * Katy Bardy Dance School
 * Modern jazz and classical Chorège Dance School;
 * La Manufacture: a higher centre of dance, movement, and images created by Vendetta Mathea.
 * Society of Upper Auvergne: a Society of letters, sciences and arts "La Haute-Auvergne"
 * Theatre 4: rue de la Coste next to the Consul's House
 * Le Prisme: conference rooms and entertainment

Cultural events and festivities

 * The International festival of street theatre of Aurillac has been held every year since 1986 at the end of August for a period of four days. Since 2004 this festival has been preceded by "Les préalables" (Preliminaries) of variable duration (often starting in early August) with street performances throughout Cantal (and sometimes even in Corrèze) with the support of the association éclat. 2008 who inaugurated the first "University of Street Art".
 * The European gourmet taste for three days in June is a gastronomic and cultural festival during which various prizes are awarded (Les Goudots gourmands) and where there are cooking classes with different themes each year (e.g. 2008: Slow Food) provided by prominent chefs.
 * In 2007 there was the first edition of '36 Hours of Aurillac with Solos and small dance pieces.

Sports

 * The Stade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne: the Rugby Team had its 100th anniversary in 2004 and has played in Rugby Pro D2 since 2001, except for 2006-2007 where the "purgatory" in Fédérale 1 ended with the title of champion of France. Since the Second World War the club has always played either in the elite until 1986 (except 1949 and 1955) then later in group A, B, or Pro D2. Aurillac is rugby country as it is one of the few cities where there are more spectators at rugby matches than football matches. Matches take place at the Stade Jean Alric.
 * The Athlétic Club Vélocipédique Aurillacois (Cycling Athletic Club): a cycling team founded in 1977 by Pierre Labro and led, since 1983, by André Valadou. In 2011 and 2012 it was the largest cycling club in Auvergne by number of members. In 2013 three riders from the club ranked at the highest level with Christophe Laborie among the professionals and François Bidard and Pierre Bonnet first in the amateur division. With a focus on training, the club sees at least one of its representatives each year wear Auvergne colours during a championship of France.
 * The Aurillac FCA: a soccer team playing in CFA2 although the Aurillac reserve team plays in DH Auvergne and is Team C in the Regional Honour Division. Its training centre allows it to have 3 youth teams playing in the national championships (14 years, 16 years, and 18 years - the highest level for these categories).
 * Aurillac Handball Cantal Auvergne: a professional Handball team who played in the first division for the 2008–2009 season for the first time in its history
 * Basket club Aurillac Arpajon Géraldienne (BAAG): This is the Aurillac Basketball Club. Girls Team 1 plays at the highest regional level. This is the biggest club in the city in terms of members and results. There is also the Cantalienne Club.
 * The Jean-Alric Stadium: the Municipal Stadium for the city of Aurillac and its rugby club - the Stade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne. It owes its name to Jean Alric, a former player of the club, shot in Aurillac by the Germans during the Second World War.
 * Volleyball Club (AVB): Aurillac has a volleyball club. The senior male and female teams play in Regional 1. The club has UFOLEP teams and youth teams. The club organises three tournaments open to everyone:
 * A tournament starting in September;
 * A night of volleyball in December (the largest in Auvergne);
 * A Summer tournament in June.

In 2011 Aurillac hosted the start of the Tour de France in the 10th stage.

Places of worship

 * Saint Joseph Catholic Church
 * Reformed Church of France, 10 rue des Frères-Delmas (Protestant)
 * Evangelical Pentecostal Church - 6 Avenue des Pupilles de la Nation (ADD) (National Evangelical Council of France (CNEF))

Military
Two military units are garrisoned in Aurillac:
 * the 139th Infantry Regiment, 1906
 * the 2/16 Squadron of riot police which became the 33/5 in 1991 after the creation of legions of riot police then finally the 18/5 in 2011 after the dissolution of the GM group of Clermont-Ferrand.

Aurillac has long been a garrison town with the 139th Infantry Regiment, who are noted for their feats during the Battle of the Somme. They have a remarkable chronology and a cabinet of trophies were displayed in the Hall of Honour of the Departmental Military Delegation who have since moved, forgetting to preserve and safeguard this part of history.

The military square is wide and airy and a feature of military architecture of the time. It is now known as the Zone of Peace and is now converted into a parking lot leaving a clear view of the 3 buildings that surround it. The entrance to the barracks was destroyed and replaced by a modern building. It houses administrative services, treasury, CABA, Mortgages, Cadastre etc. In the 1950s the old military buildings became the "Cité Administrative".

The clock building is called so because of the great clock that adorns this building. It is also commonly called the House of unions and associations. Originally these buildings were the former Convent of the Visitation, built in 1682. The Convent was converted into a barracks for infantry in 1792 and occupied half of the buildings until 1922, hence the transformation of buildings to equestrian use. Today the Pierre-Mendès-France Cultural Centre occupies the premises including the Museum of Art and Archaeology, the County Conservatory of Music and Dance, the youth service activities of the town of Aurillac, and a crèche for children. The Stables were then used by the national stud established by Napoleon in 1806; a depot of stallions was created in Aurillac. At the Battle of Austerlitz Napoleon rode Cantal, a speckled gray horse which is visible in a painting in the Art and Archaeology Museum. When the National Stud moved the stables were transformed into an exhibition hall / gallery and a range of exhibitions is held every year including the Salon des Métiers d'Art d'Aurillac.

Notable people linked to the commune

 * Aurillac was the birthplace of:

 * Saint Gerald of Aurillac (855-909), politician.
 * Gerbert of Aurillac (938-1003), Mathematician, tutor to Hugues Capet, Pope under the name Sylvester II.
 * William of Auvergne (1190-1249), Theologian, Bishop of Paris, Chaplain and minister for Saint Louis.
 * Jean Cinquarbres (1514-1587, Orientalist, Principal of Fortet College the Professor of Hebrew and Syriac at the Royal College.
 * Jean-Aymar Piganiol de La Force (1673-1753), Geographer.
 * Antoine Delzons (1743-1816), MP
 * Jean-Baptiste Carrier (1756-1794), bloodthirsty republican revolutionary
 * Édouard Jean-Baptiste Milhaud (1766-1833), cousin of Carrier, revolutionary, Commissioner of the Army, General of the Army of the Republic and the Empire, also known for his bloodthirsty actions
 * Louis Furcy Grognier (1774-1837), Director of the Veterinary school of Lyon
 * Alexis Joseph Delzons (1775-1812), General of the Empire
 * Charles Antoine Manhès (1777-1854), General of the Army of the Republic and the Empire
 * Arsène Lacarrière-Latour (1778-1837), Engineer, architect, urban planner in Louisiana
 * Eloy Chapsal (1811-1882), Painter and director of the Museum of Aurillac.
 * Claude Sosthène Grasset d'Orcet (1828-1900), Archaeologist, historian
 * Jean-Baptiste Rames (1832–1894), Geologist
 * Émile Duclaux (1840-1904), Physician, Chemist and biologist
 * Jules Rengade (1841-1915), Doctor, médecin, novelist for children, scientific journalist
 * Francis Charmes (1849-1916), Journalist, Academic
 * Géraud Réveilhac (1851-1937), General
 * Paul Doumer (1857-1932), President of the Third Republic
 * Jean de Bonnefon (1866-1928), Journalist, polygrapher
 * Pierre de Vaissière (1867-1942), paleographic archivist, historian
 * Marie Marvingt (1875–1963), an athlete, mountaineer, Pioneer medical evacuation pilot, and the most decorated woman in the history of France.
 * Georges Monnet (1898-1980), agronomist, politician
 * Elie Calvet (1904-1929), Comedian, 1st Prize in Comedy from the Conservatory, died on stage receiving his award, nephew of the famous singer Rosa Emma Calvé (1858-1942)
 * Jacques Maziol (1918-1990), Minister of Construction under de Gaulle, President-director general of Radio Monte-Carlo
 * Bernard Tricot (1920-2000), Secretary-General of the Élysée from 1967 to 1969, one of the negotiators of the Évian Accords with the Algerian FLN to abandon French Algeria
 * Alain Delcamp (1946-), Secretary-General for the Senate
 * Jean-Benoît Puech (1947-), writer, author of La Bibliothèque d'un amateur (1980), Louis-René des Forêts, novel (2000), Une biographie autorisée (2010)
 * Roland Chassain (1947-2021), MP for Bouches-du-Rhône
 * Jean-Yves Hugon (1949-), former MP for Indre
 * Marc Mézard (1957-), theoretical physicist, director of the École normale supérieure (Paris)
 * Catherine Amalric (1964-), MEP
 * David Nègre (1973-), former professional footballer
 * Olivier Magne (1973-), international rugby player
 * Sébastien Pissavy (1973-), founder of the jeuxvideo.com website
 * Jean-Philippe Sol (1986-), international volley-ball player
 * Léo Pons (1996-), filmmaker

 * Linked to Aurillac
 * François Maynard (Toulouse 1582-Aurillac 1646), poet, one of the first members of the Académie française.
 * Abel Beaufrère
 * Alfred Durand (-1947), Professor of Geography at the Aurillac school, author of La vie rurale dans les massifs volcaniques des Dores, du Cézallier, du Cantal et de l'Aubrac, thesis, 1946, Clermont-Ferrand, 530 p. (reprint Créér), Aurillac, géographie urbaine, 1948, 254 pp.
 * Marcel Grosdidier de Matons (1885-1945), Professor of Geography at the Aurillac school, author of Études de géographie urbaine (RHA), La Chataigneraie cantalienne
 * Maxime Real del Sarte and Jean de Barrau did their military service at Aurillac
 * 'Pierre Wirth (1921-2003), Professor at Aurillac school, author of Aurillac, 1973, Voyage à travers la Haute-Auvergne, 1973, Le Guide du Cantal'', 1994
 * Joseph Malègue (1876-1940), Much of his novel of 900 pages, Augustin ou le Maître est là, takes place mainly in Aurillac: Under the table of Augustin is life in a prefecture of the province, which is actually Aurillac.

title: Aurillac


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Apolima

Apolima is the smallest of the four inhabited islands of Samoa, in central South Pacific Ocean. It lies in the Apolima Strait, between the country's two largest islands: Upolu to the east, and Savai'i to the west.

The island has one village settlement, Apolima Tai, with a population of 96. The small settlement is situated in the interior's flat plateau, on the northern side.

Apolima is the rim of an extinct volcanic crater with a maximum height of 165 m. Its area is slightly less than one square kilometer. The only access to the island is by boat.

The tiny island lies 2.4 km northwest off the westernmost edge of Upolu Island's fringing reef and 7 km southwest of the island of Savai'i. The island's shape is like an upturned bowl surrounded by steep cliffs. There is a broad opening to the sea on the northern side, which is the main entry point. Entry is only by boat.

There are two neighbouring islands in the strait, Manono Island, which has a small population, and the smaller, uninhabited islet of Nu'ulopa.

Apolima island is part of the political district of Aiga-i-le-Tai.

In August 2022 the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment began discussions with local residents about eradicating rats from the island to protect the local environment.

title: Apolima


text:
User:Zdw

Just your normal freelance computer guy.

www.artisancomputer.com

title: User:Zdw


text:
Talk:Olympia (Manet)

Avant-garde
It seems relivent to connect this to the Avant-garde movement as well as it was such a debated piece. Any complaints? --Toric

High class prostitute?
The article says she is a high class prostitute, but is that so? Many believe her to be for and of the lower class. See for example Eisenman's 19th Century Art (London, Thames & Hudson, 2002. Page 287).

 * I suppose many courtesans were of lower-class extraction, but the surroundings, the oriental shawl, pearl earrings, orchid etc. all denote luxury. This, and the fact that she has a maid, is consistent with her status of high class prostitute. Karl Stas 20:49, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Salon?
Just clarifying that his work was displayed (and caused controversey) when displayed at the Paris Salon, not the Exhibiton of Rejects? I remember reading that someone organised an annex to the true Salon. Just wondering. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.189.69.15 (talk) 23:26, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

File:Edouard Manet - Olympia - Google Art Project 3.jpg
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Edouard Manet - Olympia - Google Art Project 3.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on June 23, 2014. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2014-06-23. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 01:27, 6 June 2014 (UTC)

Far too warm
The editor has never seen the picture and yet felt entitled to edit the colours. This blog gives a good impression of its true appearance. All the editor has done here is transfer it into Adobe Photoshop and up its warmth some 30% or so. The result is simply horrible. What a joke. Coat of Many Colours (talk) 04:19, 23 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Addendum: I posted about the issue at Commons:Village pump/Copyright here (at 11. Faithful representation). Coat of Many Colours (talk) 11:54, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olympia (Manet)


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Fanuatapu

Fanuatapu, an uninhabited island, is a volcanic tuff ring off the eastern tip of Upolu Island, Samoa, in central South Pacific Ocean. It is the smallest and easternmost of the four Aleipata Islands, with an area of 15 hectares. It has an automated lighthouse.

title: Fanuatapu


text:
Talk:Olympia (painting)/to do

Update:

title: Talk:Olympia (painting)/to do


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Manono Island

Manono is an island of Samoa, situated in the Apolima Strait between the main islands of Savai'i and Upolu, 3.4 km west-northwest off Lefatu Cape, the westernmost point of Upolu. By population, as well as by area, it is Samoa’s third largest island.

There are four villages on the island with a total population of 889 (2006 Census). Electricity was only introduced in 1995 and there are several shops with beach fale accommodation for visitors. The boat trip from Upolu island takes about 20 minutes.

The neighbouring islands are Apolima, which has a small village settlement and the islet Nu'ulopa.

Manono Island is part of the political district Aiga-i-le-Tai. The majority of people in the Aiga-i-le-Tai district live on the 'mainland' at the west end of Upolu island. Dogs of any kind are prohibited on Manono island.

Villages
The four villages and their populations on Manono Island are

 * 1) Apai, west (111)
 * 2) Faleu, south (354)
 * 3) Lepuia'i, southwest (223)
 * 4) Salua, north (201)

Out of the four inhabited islands of Samoa, Manono Island has the third largest population, after the much larger islands of Upolu and Savai'i. There are no cars or roads. The main thoroughfare is a footpath that follows the coast. Dogs and horses are banned for environmental reasons. However, dogs were sighted on the island in September 2016.

In the early 19th century, the island was sometimes called Flat Island, because it consists of a small, flat hill and surrounding low-lying terrain, which is only visible at close approach.

During the 1800s, Manono island was a stronghold for the Methodist church and its early mission in Samoa. At an annual church meeting here on 21 September 1859, a decision was made to establish a training institution on Upolu island which eventually led to the establishment of Piula Theological College in Lufilufi.

Neighbouring islands
The other two islands in the Apolima Strait are Apolima with one small village and the tiny uninhabited island of Nu'ulopa, which is 700 meters west-northwest of the northwestern corner of Manono. Nu'ulopa is 37 m high and about 100 meters in diameter (0.01 km²).

title: Manono Island