text:
Talk:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Some text in this article was originally taken from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=ehlersdanlossyndrome (public domain)

Plagiarism
Hi, I noticed the "Prognosis" section appears to have been lifted wholesale from another site. Particularly bad as the tone of this text is at times not really encyclopaedic. Perhaps it could use a clean-up if anyone has good references for this info? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.29.181 (talk) 14:46, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

ednt.org
ednf.org says there are six types, not ten

 * Please correct it, with a good reference. JFW | T@lk  08:50, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, well done. JFW | T@lk  08:51, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Actually there are 10 forms. I myself have got this and 1 to 6 are the known forms and 7A, 7B and 7C are forms whom they still don't know if it really is a different form, because their are only a few people how got that form.

Accuracy questioned - Source requested
Bone deformations such as pectus excavatum (sunken chest) from extra-rapid bone growth may present early.

That is accurate for Marfan Syndrome, another connective tissue disorder, but I question whether it it true of EDS. Source? Paleorthid 16:28, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I found this source linking ED and PE, but it is kind of a "non-mainstream" nutrition-is-everything site. Gzuckier 16:00, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a friend with ED, who would be expected to know of such things, and she said that she has never heard of pectus excavatum being a symptom herself, so if PE is a known symptom, it would be reasonable to assume it is rare.

It is not known whether some of the genetic variation represented by the various subdisorders of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or other connective tissue disorders might not represent survivals of genes (rather than more recent harmful mutations of genes) which genetic variations were not problematic before humans began cooking meat a half-million years ago, or ceased using meat jerky and raw milk, thus eliminating sources of raw collagen from the human diet.

This appears to be highly speculative. Wouldn't digestion destroy raw collagen regardles of cooking? Source? Paleorthid 16:28, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't imagine any circumstances where collagen from the diet could possibly be utilized without being broken down into amino acids. Plus, there isn't any collagen in milk. Gzuckier 05:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

DONE--> I'm going to rewrite the entire symptoms intro paragraph unless someone really has an issue with it. It's muddled and confusing, filled with Marfan's symptoms (e.g., lens dislocation), trivia (celebrities), and weird, unnecessary statements (the whole thing about the conference and which symptoms should be considered "real" EDS). Walking Softly 16:36, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Speculative Statement Removed to Talk Page
It is not known whether some of the genetic variation represented by the various subdisorders of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or other connective tissue disorders might not represent survivals of genes (rather than more recent harmful mutations of genes) which genetic variations were not problematic before humans began cooking meat a half-million years ago, or ceased using meat jerky and raw milk, thus eliminating sources of raw collagen from the human diet.

retro-edit
I restored a big hack-job from last october, but now the subsequent edits like the infobox have to be readded. I'll do some too if nobody does them first. Gzuckier 15:53, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Photos
I am removing the "eric the midget" photo. I am far from sure it is appropriate here. The editor who put it in cited no sources. The filename is offensive. There is no evidence presented here that this is a useful mainstream illustration relating to EDS. I cannot see how a celebrity photo is likely to be useful and informative here. If I am wrong on some or all of this do please educate me. 82.45.248.177 18:45, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I've re-deleted the image. If there is a verifiable source that he has EDS, please provide it. If not, please do not re-add it to the page. Sue Anne 22:55, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not stating whether I think the picture is necessary, but that it is well known and documented that Eric suffers from this disease. Here are three sources:
 * marksfriggin.com (It's on the 6/28/06 listing.)
 * Eric's myspace page
 * howardstern.com (This does not state that he has the syndrome but mentions his request for Howard Stern to donate $250,000 to the Ehlers-Danlos National Foundation.) Foday 06:19, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed the "eric the midget photo" for copyright infringement and I am opposed to it being returned into the article. That eric has EDS is not critical to my opposition. The image serves the reader very poorly as to conveying an understanding of the appearance of EDS. For one, the image source doesn't use the image to illustrate that particular point, making it a low quality source. For another, the reader cannot determine where EDS symptoms end and the condition of being a very small person begins, rendering the image useless. -- Paleorthid 20:05, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. As stated above it is a celebrity photo with an offensive filename. It is impossible to understand why it should be in the article. I will delete it every time I see it: I have nothing to lose on wikipedia so banning me for reversions is no threat. If people want an EDS photo they can find a better one - if it exists (lots of people with EDS do NOT look different from those without) and one without an offensive filename. Using this one is lazy, offensive and stupid and those wanting to should be ashamed of themselves. 138.37.199.199 07:55, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Get off your high horse. I'm not saying that the photo belongs in this article, but you don't have to slam Eric the Midget or the file name of the photo. Yes, Eric is a celebrity, and he is known as "Eric the Midget"; the file name is simply descriptive. Foday 16:35, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

As the original poster I'd like to direct your attention to the picture of The Elephant Man on the neurofibromatosis and Proteus_syndrome pages. If the photo needs additional context to justify its inclusion I can work on that. Please remember that Eric has one of the most sever forms of this disease, and he is the only reason that millions of people even know it exists.

 * Can the copyright infringement issue (see above) be satisfied? If not, weighing justification for inclusion is meaningless. This photo violates wikipedia policy. -- Paleorthid 18:34, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

The photo of the dog is entirely unhelpful. I don't know WHAT is going on in it. It looks like a dog's tail to me. So I deleted it. I found a much better image of a dog with EDS online, but I can't just swipe it.Walking Softly 20:35, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

I will upload some EDS hypermobility pix when I get a chance. In the near future, EDNF will have a VERY extensive photo library of EDS online. In the meantime, no pictures are better than crappy, misleading ones. EDS is doing its photo library b/c there actually isn't much online that's good. Even the Mayo Clinic's pix are weird and almost wrong. People looking for pix can follow the links at the bottom of the page. Walking Softly 16:43, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I dropped in some of the hypermobility pictures I found uploaded to the commons, but it would be really great to find a clear example of hyperextensible skin. I can't seem to find a good public one to place. If anyone can add it, that would make a great addition. I know there are some pitures of a puppy with relatively remarkable hyperextensibility pictures on the commons, but it's not quite the same. I think pictures of the human condition would be more appropriate. Chaldor (talk) 22:43, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Sleeping with eyes open
I'd really like to see the citation for this. I have the hypermobility type and I sleep with my eyes open, which causes corneal thickening. I've always assumed that it was related to ED, but this is the first reference that I've seen. Ninquerinquar 00:36, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Sleeping with your eyes open is just something people with proptosis (large protruding eyes), nerve damage, and a variety of other conditions tend to do. Note that many people with vascular EDS (the type Cathy Bowen's child had which is where this quote came from) have proptosis. People with other types of EDS have proptosis just because a certain percentage of the population happens to have proptosis (i.e., besides those who have it b/c of a medical condition such as Vascular EDS, Graves disease, etc.). It's kind of nonsense to include here, so I removed it. If someone has proptosis, then asking them if they sleep with their eyes open is a silly follow up DIAGNOSTIC question. It is a good clinical exam question, though, b/c ANYONE who sleeps with his/her eyes open should be seeing an ophthalmologist, getting ointment to put in their eyes nightly, and maybe even patching their eyes. As you noted, sleeping with one's eyes open is not good for the cornea. But it has nothing to do with EDS *directly*--at least not that I've seen in any paper. Hope that helps. Walking Softly 17:41, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Dear Walking Softly, I think you might be wrong with what you stated about proptosis. As my son didn't have protruding eyes and many other's with all types of EDS (that do sleep with their eyes half open) don't have that problem either. The actual "medical term" that I was referring to, is called; "Nocturnal Lagophthalmos, otherwise known as “sleeping with your eyes open.”

According to my research over the last 12 years, this is very common among many with EDS. And some Vascular types might have large "almond shape" eyes, but those I've seen don't have the typical large protruding eyes as you stated. We will just have to wait and see...if eventually a *doctor* takes the time to research and document this finding...then that would make it a FACT...right? Just because a doctor hasn't written a journal article that includes this finding, doesn't mean that it can't be directly related to having a connective tissue disorder...like EDS. Cathy Bowen —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.150.180.233 (talk) 06:59, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
 * yeah, but in reality there are a vast number of things, even important ones, which are not researched for one reason or another. i came to realize relatively recently that the way we do insurance in the US tends to make it harder to do EDS research, in that wise patients and wise doctors are reluctant to identify somebody with a mild variant of EDS as such, given that the insurance companies (correctly, from their perspective) see anyone with the severe forms of the disease as a large financial drain and will take pains to avoid insuring them; thus identifying oneself as a sufferer with even just a mild form means taking a certain risk of being lumped in and having difficulty finding insurance coverage. this in turn means that research on things such as your observation re sleeping is going to have a harder time finding subjects other than those with undeniable severe cases, which is not the situation a researcher wants to see; they'd prefer to see a nice gradation of subjects from very mild to severe, in hopes that the effect they are looking for will show a corresponding gradation. Gzuckier (talk) 17:33, 3 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Dear Cathy Bowen- First, thank you for all your work spreading the word about EDS. As for the topic at hand, I do not deny the possibility that many with EDS have nocturnal lagophthalmos.  What I should have made clearer is the fact that nocturnal lagophthalmos is very widespread--among MANY sorts of people, not just those with EDS.  If the goal is to diagnose more people with EDS (especially vascular EDS) prior to disaster striking, I would argue that it would be more helpful if the more established criteria were better publicized and better understood by a wide range of physicians than for a laundry list of "has been noted but not studied" to be put out there.  Journal articles are being published all the time on the subject of Ehlers Danlos.  In my humble opinion, it would be dangerous for Wikipedia to try to be ahead of peer-reviewed journals.  In fact, I believe it is the policy of Wikipedia to require citations for all facts so that pages do not merge into the realm of speculation.  That said, I will provide you with a link to a 2006 study demonstrating a link between those with classic EDS (COL5A1 and COL5A2 mutations) and floppy eyelid syndrome.  Combining that info with the studies showing links between floppy eyelid syndrome and nocturnal lagophthalmos, one could easily argue for a link between EDS and nocturnal lagophthalmos.  However, please note that there are MANY OTHER CAUSES floppy eye syndrome besides EDS.  See the following for more info:
 * "Floppy Eyelid Syndrome" from the Handbook of Ocular Disease Management []
 * "Structural abnormalities of the cornea and lid resulting from collagen V mutations" pubmed abstract[]
 * "How to diagnose and treat patients [with lagophthalmos]" from EyeWorld--Not a great source for scientific findings, etc., but this is a decent description of lagophthalmos []
 * "Sleep disorders and the eye" pubmed abstract [] Walking Softly (talk) 04:13, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Hi Walking Softly: Sorry I am just seeing this now.I wanted to share these links Your eyes and EDS - What is truth, what is myth? By Dr. Diana Driscoll

//youtu.be/LZOGLhD7ZZ4

//prettyill.com/videos/watch/your_eyes_and_eds_what_is_truth_what_is_myth

She speaks about "sleeping with eyelids open" as being linked to connective tissue issues. Other then sleeping this way, those with EDS do not have floppy eye syndrome. They are able to control their eyelids when they are awake, they can completely shut and open them. Many people with EDS do not have proptosis (large protruding eyes), nerve damage, or any other conditions tend that causes this, other then having Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and other related connective tissue disorders. I have a couple other links that I will be adding on this subject. Thank you.

convert / add a table form for symptoms for faster reading.
a table form for symptoms would be easier to quickly read. Can we add that somehow? Tkjazzer 23:42, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Hi, Paganini is told to be a case of Marfan's syndrome, not Ehlers Danlos. Please, double check it. Jan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.113.65.4 (talk) 11:52, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Misdiagnosis and general lack of knowledge among phyisicians?
Personally, I'd like to see the article expanded to reflect upon the fact that it's not very well known even among physicians (Despite being fairly "common"), has often been misdiagnosised as rheumatic or other diseases, and danger during urgent surgery. Would this be a good idea? Tubba Blubba (talk) 03:13, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Can you find a reliable source that makes this claim? If so, then it would be fine to expand on that point.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:23, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

History
historical review oddly in a haematological journal. JFW | T@lk  23:58, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

shouldn't the types be roman numerals?
i think so. says so in medical text. please confirm before we change. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.151.245.128 (talk) 23:46, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a matter of style, not accuracy. Either approach is correct, and the simplicity of actual numbers is probably preferable.  Not every reader of the English Wikipedia will have learned Roman numerals.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:53, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Tone, objectivity, accuracy questioned
Revision as of 18:28, 20 March 2009: "It is a very serious, sad disease that can in some cases lead to death. Because of its rarity, not many doctors or specialists are even familiar with the disease, making a cure very difficult to conjure. Many with the disease suffer from a great deal of pain at all times. In some cases, a medication labelled Tremadol can be used to help minimize pain. However, not all types react favorably to it, and it should therefor be clarified with a specialist before taking the medication."

This does not seem objective nor does the tone seem appropriate. I also question the Tremadol accuracy. EDS patients use a variety of medications. Jdybka (talk) 02:37, 24 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Hm, I missed that edit. Agreed, and so reverted. Thanks for pointing it out. Maralia (talk) 02:50, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Image
From NIH, claimed to be type IV: -- C opper K ettle  09:00, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't know why this pic is here. This pic is supposed to be showing a patient with the BLUE SCLERA from EDS TYPE VI (not IV).  Case 464 at the same site does a much better job of demonstrating the blue sclera.Walking Softly (talk) 10:58, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

External links to avoid
Removed the link to http://librarianinblack.typepad.com because links to blogs are to be avoided according to point 11. of External_links_to_avoid. Langhorner (talk) 14:37, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The specific link was Hello. My Name is Sarah, and I Have Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling (talk) 04:07, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Removal of types
An anon has removed the detailed explanation of the various subtypes of this syndrome in this edit. They have also made what appear to be useful edits to this article, so I do not believe it is vandalism. The material removed had some inline references. Could someone with better knowledge of the syndrome please review their edits.- gadfium 19:38, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Removing the information was not, IMO, vandalism, but was probably unwarranted. It could use a good copyedit and some effort to round up a few more sources, though.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:15, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Accuracy questioned
in the intro section: "The collagen in connective tissue helps tissues to resist deformation (decreases its elasticity). In the skin, muscles, ligaments, blood vessels, and visceral organs collagen plays a very significant role and with increased elasticity, secondary to abnormal collagen, pathology results." I found this confusing; is it just me?

in the Signs section: "In each case, however, the signs are ultimately due to faulty or reduced amounts of Type III collagen." However,the article further states that Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can be caused by faults in other types of collagen as well. Jdybka (talk) 06:32, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

 * When you think something needs clarity, feel free to look it up on a variety of sources before asking about whatever questions need to be answered. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link. You don't even need to log in. (Although there are some reasons why you might like to do so...)

The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or try out the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome.

Places to start researching include (but are not limited to):
 * Any search engine, such as Google or Yahoo
 * Google News for recent events
 * Google Books which offers scanned copies of books
 * Your local library; PublicLibraries.com lists public libraries by U.S. state; UK Public Libraries lists public libraries by the regions of the United Kingdom
 * If you're just looking for answers to your questions, you can try the Wikipedia Reference Desk, although reliability is not guaranteed and answers given should not be used as resources for any academic paper or encyclopedia article.

WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:29, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Benign joint hypermobility syndrome
About this:

I'm not sure that your assertion is true. Some sources say that BJHS is simply another name for EDS III.

See, for example, which concludes that "There is no reliable method of differentiating between Joint Hypermobility Syndrome, familial articular hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hypermobile type), suggesting these three disorders may be different manifestations of the same spectrum of disorders" -- in short, that they're probably the same actual disease, just under slightly different appearances.

goes further, and says that there is "compelling evidence" that BJHS is a forme fruste of EDS III, and that the "widely held view" is that BJHS is "identical with" EDS type III.

On the other hand... the labels seem to be used differently in practice, and I'm not sure that the specific definitions are really properly settled. It would be nice to have a really stellar source, like a consensus statement from a large specialist organization, to give us some direction here. WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:04, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome


text:
User talk:Magic5ball

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Final Fantasy
Hi! Your contributions are welcome, but are a bit too short for inclusion. Please add a bit more info to your future articles. Thanks and have fun! - Lucky 6.9 05:02, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for trying to be helpful. Do you feel the power of your l33t mod skills? Did you even bother to _ask_ about my intentions of filling them in, quite possibly in the near future? You point to no quality examples of what you think are articles of appropriate length. You cite no guidelines about what should, or should not be here. You act virtually as an oracle, exposing no hint about your judgement process, nor what you expect me to do to satisfy it.
 * Your help would be much more helpful if it contained, well, help.
 * As it stands, I have finished writing about summons, but they will be posted elsewhere instead, lest the stars not align for a favourable reading. I would have prefered to have fleshed out the stubs now, instead of responding to this, but alas, you have made your choice, as have I.
 * Good day, sir. Magic5ball 05:23, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Let's not reduce ourselves to personal attacks. If you look at the welcome notice that was left prior to my note, you'll see that it is a wealth of information as to how to create good, first articles. Click on any of the links to see what I mean. I didn't feel that it was necessary to state anything beyond what I did since the answers are here on the page. As for my "acting as an oracle," I'm doing no such thing beyond following administrative procedure. Sorry if that sounds grandiose, but I assure you, it isn't. If I wasn't clear, I apologize for the misunderstanding and hope to clear it up. Please don't let this minor clash scare you off. - Lucky 6.9 21:23, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't kid yourself. If following the scary stuff in RfA for a couple years didn't scare me off, your actions here certainly won't.
 * Regarding your comments: I can't read your mind, but I won't hold that against you. I can only go so far in trying to figure out what you mean (or intended to mean) by what you actually say. In this case, you gave me very little to work with.
 * Consider how many potential contributors leave _before_ you get a chance to explain your actions and concise messages to them. Magic5ball 05:59, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

unreferenced
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Wadsworth
I like your article on the Wadsworth prism mounting. Good job!

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 * Hey ImageTaggingBot, What are you on about? The source of the image is clearly provided in the Comment section of the metadata: "SVG version of Enoch Cree Nation's updated logo, showing the Nation's preferred way of rendering its own name in Cree syllabics. The source of this image is Enoch Cree Nation's official publication, the Enoch Echo, from September 2021 located at: https://enochnation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021_ENOCH_NEWS_September_WEB.pdf" Magic5ball (talk) 15:41, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Adobe Photoshop Elements for deletion
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Tribal Chiefs Ventures moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Tribal Chiefs Ventures, is not suitable as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.

At this point, the article failed WP:NORG as there is no in-depth coverage of the organization. However, the head of the company is getting some coverage as his name appeared in searches and his comment is sought out by news sites. Therefore, the organization may have notability, but work must still be done before it can be placed in the mainspace. ✠ SunDawn ✠    (contact)   02:59, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Sorry, no user:SunDawn. A page with 50 inbound links from WP is not non-notable. Hiding Indigenous stubs is part of why there is little awareness of Indigenous topics and organization. Your actions here are part of the problem you're complaining about. Magic5ball (talk) 03:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I didn't understand what you mean. Amount of inbound links that the page have didn't show its notability. In my opinion, the references you have shown does not show enough notability of the company. The company must have in-depth coverage from other sources that are independent from the company, if I recall correctly, the references you are using are from web pages that are also related to the company. The reason I draftify the article instead of PROD are I believe there are sources out there that can be added, but as for now, it failed WP:NORG. Blanking the page won't solve the problem. If you want another user to take a look at it, restore the page to whatever it was before blanking, and move the article back into mainspace or ask for the draft to be reviewed, other editors will take a look at it. I am not "hiding Indigenous stubs".  ✠ SunDawn ✠     (contact)   03:13, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Please educate yourself about Truth and Reconciliation in Canada. Your way of applying rules has a systematically discriminatory effect on Indigenous content in Wikipedia and in broader consciousness. You are reinforcing under-representation of information about Indigenous information through your actions here, which means there will *always* be fewer sources about Indigenous organizations at large. If you can't see that, I'm not investing any more time into you, or into improving wikipedia. At this point, I don't care if anyone else picks up or edits the article. You've lost your entitlement to any more of my time. FOAD. Magic5ball (talk) 03:19, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Please read WP:RIGHTGREATWRONGS. Please refrain from attacking other users. Have a good night.  ✠ SunDawn ✠     (contact)   03:22, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Please refrain from attacking Indigenous peoples. Have the night you deserve. Magic5ball (talk) 03:28, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Magic5ball


text:
Michael Carruth

Michael Carruth (born 9 July 1967) is a southpaw Irish Olympic boxer from Dublin. He is best known for winning the welterweight gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. He turned professional in 1994 and retired in 2000.

Amateur boxing

 * Olympic results

 * 1988 Olympics Lightweight Boxing:
 * 1st round bye
 * Defeated Satoru Higashi (Japan) 5-0
 * Lost to George Scott (Sweden) KO by 1

 * 1992 Olympics Welterweight Boxing:
 * Round of 32: bye
 * Round of 16: Defeated Mikaele Masoe (American Samoa) on points, 11-2
 * Quarter-final: Defeated Andreas Otto (Germany) on points, 35-22
 * Semi-final: Defeated Arkhom Chenglai (Thailand) on points, 11-4
 * Final: Defeated Juan Hernández Sierra (Cuba) on points, 13-10

Carruth's medal was Ireland's first ever gold medal in boxing, only a couple of hours after teammate Wayne McCullough had to settle for the silver in bantamweight. It was also the first Olympic gold medal for Ireland since Ronnie Delaney won the Men's 1500m event at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne.

Within a few days of Carruth winning his Olympic medal the Government of Ireland announced that Carruth has been instantly promoted to sergeant within the Irish Army in recognition of his achievement at the Olympics. And, on the day of his return to Ireland, local pubs dropped the price of beer to that of 1956.

Professional boxing
Carruth turned professional in 1994 after taking leave from his job as a soldier in the Irish Army. He was trained by the former Irish boxing great Steve Collins. He had limited success as a professional, losing in both of his defining professional bouts, in 1997 against Mihai Leu for the WBO Welterweight title and in 2000 against Adrian Stone for the IBO Light Middleweight title. He retired in 2000, after the loss to Stone, with a career professional record of 18-3-0.

Media
In 2006, he competed on the TV series Celebrity Jigs 'n' Reels.

Carruth was an expert boxing analyst for RTÉ's Olympic coverage in 2008, 2012 and 2016.

In 2020, Carruth appeared in the fourth season of the Irish edition of Dancing with the Stars. He and his professional partner, Karen Byrne, were eliminated on 3 February 2020.

Involvement in Gaelic games
During his short spell as senior Westmeath county football team manager, Brendan Hackett appointed Carruth as masseur in 2009.

title: Michael Carruth


text:
Wayne McCullough

Wayne Pocket Rocket McCullough (born Wayne William McCullough; 7 July 1970) is a former professional boxer from Northern Ireland who competed from 1993 to 2008. He held the WBC bantamweight title from 1995 to 1997, becoming the first boxer from Northern Ireland to win a WBC championship.

He challenged six times for world titles at super-bantamweight and featherweight. As an amateur, McCullough represented Ireland at the 1992 Summer Olympics, winning a bantamweight silver medal. He also won flyweight gold at the 1990 Commonwealth Games, representing Northern Ireland.

In addition to McCullough's dogged, relentless attacking style, he was renowned for his durable chin, having fought two of boxing's biggest punchers in Naseem Hamed and Érik Morales, and gone the full distance with both of them. During his bout with Morales in 1999, HBO commentator Larry Merchant joked, "If you look in the dictionary, under 'Tough Irishman', you'll find a picture of Wayne McCullough". McCullough was never once knocked down in his professional career. He also stopped the late Arturo Gatti as an amateur.

Amateur career
McCullough had a very successful amateur career, amassing a record of 319 wins and 11 defeats, with over 100 wins coming by way of knockout. As an amateur living in the staunchly loyalist Shankill Road area of Belfast, he was selected by the island-wide Irish Amateur Boxing Association to participate in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea, and asked to carry the Irish flag as the youngest member of the team (aged 18). He went on to win a silver medal for Ireland at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Representing Northern Ireland at the 1990 Commonwealth Games, Auckland, he won a gold medal and carried the Northern Ireland flag in the closing ceremony. The medal ceremony for his Commonwealth title was marked by an unusual incident. A technical problem with the public address system made it impossible to play the recording of the song "Danny Boy", used instead of an anthem for medalists from Northern Ireland. The New Zealand official in charge of the sound, Bob Gibson, promptly took the microphone and sang the song unaccompanied. In 1990, McCullough also won Bronze for Ireland at the Boxing World Cup in Mumbai, India.

1988 Olympic Games

 * Representing Ireland at Light Flyweight, in the Seoul Olympic Games. Results were:
 * First Round bye
 * Defeated Fred Mutuweta 🇺🇬 – Points
 * Lost to Scotty Olson 🇨🇦 – Points

1990 Commonwealth Games

 * Representing Northern Ireland at Flyweight and winning Gold, in the Auckland Commonwealth Games. Results were:
 * Defeated Benjamin Mwangata – Points
 * Defeated Maurice Maina 🇰🇪 – Points
 * Defeated Nokuthula Tshabangu – Points

1990 World Cup

 * Representing Ireland at Flyweight and winning Bronze, in the Mumbai World Cup. Results were:
 * Defeated Manoj Pingle 🇮🇳 – Points
 * Defeated D.K. Park 🇰🇷 – Points
 * Lost to Serafim Todorov 🇧🇬 – Points
 * Defeated Fred Mutuweta 🇺🇬 – Points

1991 World Championships

 * Representing Ireland at Bantamweight, in the Sydney World Championships. Results were:
 * Defeated Felipe Costa – TKO (Round 2)
 * Defeated Joseph Zabakly 🇦🇺 – Points
 * Lost to Enrique Carrion 🇨🇺 – Points

1992 Olympic Games

 * Representing Ireland at Bantamweight and winning Silver, in the Barcelona Olympic Games. Results were:
 * Defeated Fred Mutuweta 🇺🇬 – Points
 * Defeated Ahmed Abbood 🇮🇶 – Points
 * Defeated Mohammed Sabo 🇳🇬 – Points
 * Defeated Gwang-Sik Li 🇰🇵 – Points
 * Lost to Joel Casamayor 🇨🇺 – Points

Professional career
In 1993 McCullough moved to Las Vegas to train under Eddie Futch, who agreed to train him after seeing him at the Olympics. McCullough always fought in neutral colours and did not have national anthems played at his fights; his supporters in Northern Ireland include Protestants and Catholics. Within a year of turning pro, he had won the North American Boxing Federation title.

On 30 July 1995, less than 2½ years since his pro debut, he won the WBC championship by beating the champion Yasuei Yakushiji in Nagoya, Japan to become Ireland's first ever WBC world champion. He was the first fighter from Ireland or the UK to travel to Japan and win a belt. He defended his title twice before vacating the belt and moving up in weight to challenge WBC super bantamweight champion Daniel Zaragoza, but lost via a split decision in the WBC "Fight of the Year". After this fight, his wife Cheryl and Stuart Campbell began to manage his career when his original manager, Mat Tinley, became a boxing promoter.

McCullough unsuccessfully challenged champions Naseem Hamed in 1998, and Erik Morales in 1999. In each of those exciting "Fight of the Year" contenders, he broke his opponent's lengthy run of KO wins while taking them the distance. Hamed had knocked out 18 opponents straight before McCullough, and was 30–0 at the time with 28 knockouts to his credit. Morales had knocked out 9 of his previous 9 opponents and was 34–0 at the time, also with 28 knockouts. Morales stated that McCullough gave him one of the top three fights of his career and almost quit on his stool after the 9th round (according to Ring magazine).

In October 2000, McCullough was to return to his native Belfast for a homecoming fight. Two days before the fight was scheduled to take place, he was told that he had a cyst on his brain, he couldn't fight again and that one more blow to the head could kill him. McCullough flew back to Las Vegas and was advised by the Nevada Commission to visit the neurosurgery department at UCLA for a more thorough investigation. Within a few weeks the doctor at UCLA, Neil Martin, called to say he had consulted with some of the top neurosurgeons in the US and they had come to the conclusion that the cyst was not on his brain, but in a space between the brain and the skull – called the arachnoid mater – and that he saw no reason for him to give up his boxing career.

Nevertheless, the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBC) continued to deny him a licence. He was relicensed in Nevada and fought again in January 2002. After a very public battle, the BBBC could no longer deny him a licence and later that same year McCullough stepped back into a British ring under the Frank Warren Promotions banner. Thereafter he had mixed success, winning five fights but losing to Scott Harrison and Mexican world champion Óscar Larios on two occasions. The result of his first fight with Larios is widely disputed.

On 17 August 2005 McCullough was appointed the first WBC World Ambassador for Peace and Goodwill in Sports. In September 2005, McCullough became a United States citizen. In November 2005, McCullough released his autobiography, Pocket Rocket: Don't Quit, in the UK and Ireland. He went on a publicity tour to promote the book, which reached Number 2 on the best sellers list.

In 2007, McCullough joined the Ultimate Fighting Championship organisation as a PR associate, to promote Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). He currently trains fighters both in boxing and MMA and is setting up his own charity – IHOW.

McCullough vs. Martínez
In 2007 McCullough signed to fight Spain's Kiko Martínez who had just defeated Bernard Dunne at the Point Depot, Dublin for the European super bantamweight title. The fight between McCullough and Martínez was due to take place at Belfast's Kings Hall on 1 December 2007.

McCullough had not fought for over two years and the Kings Hall venue was sold out for the fight. It was agreed that the non-title fight would take place at 8 st 12 lb mark. However, on the day before the fight there was uproar during the weigh-in and the fight was cancelled by the BBBC amid chaotic scenes.

McCullough had already contracted to fight at 2 lb over the 8 st 10 lb championship weight and he weighed in at 8 st 9 lb. However, Martínez failed to make the agreed weight and was 1.75 lb over the agreed weight.

Martínez was given a couple of hours to shed the excess weight, but did not return to weigh in again and the scales were closed by a BBBC official. A furious McCullough stated "I couldn't believe it. He comes in over the weight and then after being asked to take it off he just sits there and does nothing. I just can't believe what has happened. I was ready to fight and ready to win and he comes in that much over the weight."

Retirement
On 20 June 2008, McCullough fought Juan Ruiz in the Cayman Islands, his first fight in three years. He lost in six rounds, retiring on his stool. Despite being ahead on two of three judges' scorecards after six rounds, he told his corner he could not go on due to an injury he had sustained in training. The Belfast boxer took the microphone and revealed this might be his swansong. He said: "I think this could be my last fight and I want to thank you all for coming. I am disappointed with the way things went but I just felt I could not go on."

Personal life
McCullough married Cheryl Rennie, also from Belfast, in May 1993.

In May 2004, McCullough changed his name by deed poll.

title: Wayne McCullough


text:
David E. Lilienthal

David Eli Lilienthal (July 8, 1899 – January 15, 1981) was an American attorney and public administrator, best known for his Presidential Appointment to head Tennessee Valley Authority and later the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). He had practiced public utility law and led the Wisconsin Public Utilities Commission.

Later he was co-author with Dean Acheson (later Secretary of State) of the 1946 Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy, which outlined possible methods for international control of nuclear weapons. As chair of the AEC, he was one of the pioneers in civilian management of nuclear power resources.

Early life
Born in Morton, Illinois in 1899, David Lilienthal was the oldest son of Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. His mother Minna Rosenak (1874–1956) came from Szomolány (now Smolenice) in Slovakia, emigrating to America at age 17. His father Leo Lilienthal (1868–1951) was from Hungary, serving several years in the Hungarian army before emigrating to the United States in 1893. Minna and Leo were married in Chicago in 1897, then moved to the town of Morton, where Leo briefly operated a dry goods store.

Leo's business ventures took the family several places. Young David was raised principally in the Indiana towns of Valparaiso and Michigan City. Although he spent part of his sophomore year in Gary, he graduated in 1916 from Elston High School in Michigan City.

Education and marriage
Lilienthal attended DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1920. There he joined Delta Upsilon social fraternity and was elected president of the student body. He was active in forensics and won a state oratorical contest in 1918. He also gained distinction as a light heavyweight boxer.

After a summer job in 1920 as a reporter for the Mattoon, Illinois, Daily Journal-Gazette, Lilienthal entered Harvard Law School. Although his grades were average until his third and final year at Harvard, he acquired an important mentor in Professor Felix Frankfurter, later an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court.

While at DePauw, Lilienthal met his future wife, Helen Marian Lamb (1896–1999), a fellow student. Born in Oklahoma, she had moved with her family to Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1913. They were married in Crawfordsville in 1923, after Helen had completed her M.A. at Radcliffe while David was a law student at Harvard.

Law practice and public appointment
With a strong recommendation from Frankfurter, Lilienthal entered the practice of law in Chicago in 1923 with Donald Richberg. Prominent in labor law, Richberg gave Lilienthal a major role in writing his firm's brief for the appellants in Michaelson v. United States, 266 U.S. 42 (1924), a landmark case in which the Supreme Court upheld the right of striking railroad workers to jury trials in cases in which they were charged with criminal contempt. Richberg also assigned Lilienthal to write major parts of what became the Railway Labor Act of 1926. In 1925, Lilienthal assisted criminal defense lawyers Clarence Darrow and Arthur Garfield Hays in their successful defense of Dr. Ossian Sweet, an African-American physician tried in Detroit for killing a white man who was part of a mob that attacked Sweet's home. Afterward, Lilienthal wrote about the case and issues of self-defense in an article published in The Nation.

Lilienthal left Richberg's firm in 1926 to concentrate on public utility law. He represented the city of Chicago in the case of Smith v. Illinois Bell Telephone Co., 282 U.S. 133 (1930), in which a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a refund of $20,000,000 to telephone customers who had been overcharged. From 1926 to 1931, Lilienthal also edited a legal information service on public utilities for Commerce Clearing House. In 1931, Wisconsin's reform-minded Republican governor, Philip La Follette, asked him to become a member of the state's reorganized Railroad Commission, renamed that year as the Public Service Commission.

As the commission's leading member, Lilienthal expanded its staff and launched aggressive investigations of Wisconsin's gas, electric and telephone utilities. By September 1932, the commission achieved rate reductions totaling more than $3 million affecting over a half-million customers. But, its attempt to force a one-year 12.5 percent rate cut on the Wisconsin Telephone Company, a subsidiary of AT&T, was quashed by the Wisconsin courts. After La Follette's defeat in the 1932 Republican primary election, Lilienthal began putting out feelers for a federal appointment in the newly elected Democratic administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Lilienthal and the Tennessee Valley Authority

Lilienthal was one of the first directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). He earned his credentials for the appointment working under labor lawyer Donald Richberg and as an appointed member of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin under Wisconsin's governor Philip La Follette. His TVA appointment was also aided by the persistent lobbying of his old law professor Frankfurter. .

The TVA was established by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 for flood control and locally controlled hydroelectric power on the Tennessee River. It was a massive project controlled by a public corporation designed to modernize the rural, Southern communities within the Tennessee Valley. The TVA also established extensive education programs, and a library service that distributed books in the many rural hamlets that lacked a library. The TVA was locally and nationally controversial. On the national scale, opponents led by Wendell Willkie said the TVA was a form of state socialism, and the other utility companies it competed against were also against the project. Local people were both apprehensive but also hopeful about the changes the TVA would bring.

In his role as one of the TVA directors, Lilienthal was skilled at administration and at creating supporters for the project.

In part due to his experience at the TVA, Lilienthal was often sent abroad to work on water development projects. Lyndon Johnson dispatched him to the Mekong River to oversee development of a project there. He was also sent to India and Pakistan to report on the dispute between the two nations, for Collier's magazine. He thought that the Kashmir dispute was intractable, but there were other areas of mutual concern of the two nations were agreement could be found - such as the allotment of the water of the Indus River. He reported this idea to the World Bank, and its president, Eugene R. Black, agreed with the assessment. This led to the Indus Water Treaty, which to this day governs water allocation between India and Pakistan.

Atomic energy
Following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the end of World War II and victory by the Allies, Lilienthal was fascinated and appalled by the information he soon absorbed about the power of the new weapon.

In January 1946, U.S. Under Secretary of State Dean Acheson asked Lilienthal to chair a five-member panel of consultants to a committee including him and four others, who were to advise President Harry S. Truman and Secretary of State James F. Byrnes about the position of the United States at the United Nations on the new menace of nuclear weapons. At the time, the US held a monopoly on these weapons.

Lilienthal described the purpose of Acheson's request:

Those charged with foreign policy -- the Secretary of State (Byrnes) and the President -- did not have either the facts nor an understanding of what was involved in the atomic energy issue, the most serious cloud hanging over the world. Comments...have been made and are being made...without a knowledge of what the hell it is all about -- literally!

Lilienthal quickly found out even more about the atomic weapon, and wrote in his journal:

No fairy tale that I read in utter rapture and enchantment as a child, no spy mystery, no "horror" story, can remotely compare with the scientific recital I listened to for six or seven hours today.

... I feel that I have been admitted, through the strangest accident of fate, behind the scenes in the most awful and inspiring drama since some primitive man looked for the very first time upon fire.

The result of the panel was a 60-page Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy, better known as the Acheson-Lilienthal Report. Released in March 1946, it proposed that the United States offer to turn over its monopoly on nuclear weapons to an international agency, in return for a system of strict inspections and control of fissile materials. It was a bold attempt to formulate a workable idea for international control (and implicitly assumed that the United States was far ahead of the Soviet Union in atomic weapons development and could remain in that position even if the Soviets violated the agreement). However Truman then decided to appoint Bernard Baruch to present the plan to the United Nations; Baruch changed some provisions of it, ending up with a proposal that the Soviets could not accept and that was vetoed by them. (As it happened, the Soviets were determined to proceed with their own atomic bomb program and were unlikely to accept either plan. )

Subsequently, the United States established the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to provide civilian control of this resource. Lilienthal was appointed as chair of the AEC on October 28, 1946, and served until February 15, 1950, one of the pioneers of civilian control of the American atomic energy program. He intended to administer a program that would "harness the atom" for peaceful purposes, principally atomic power. Lilienthal gave high priority to peaceful uses, especially nuclear power plants. However coal was cheap and the power industry was not interested. The first plant was begun under Eisenhower in 1954.

As chairman of the AEC in the late 1940s, during the early years of the Cold War, Lilienthal played an important role in managing relations between the scientific community and the U.S. Government. The AEC was responsible for managing atomic energy development for the military as well as for civilian use. Lilienthal was responsible for ensuring that the Commander-in-Chief would have the use of a number of working atomic bombs. Lilienthal did not have as much enthusiasm for this task as some in Washington, and in particular he received steady criticism from Senators Brien McMahon and Bourke B. Hickenlooper, the chairman and ranking member of the United States Congress Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, for not pursuing the task with sufficient vigor. Indeed, in 1949 Hickenlooper raised charges that Lilienthal had engaged in "incredible mismanagement" and tried to have him removed as chairman; Lilienthal was cleared of wrongdoing but was left politically weakened within Washington.

Once the Soviet Union had successfully tested its own atomic bomb, Lilienthal became a central figure in the August 1949–January 1950 debate within the U.S. government and scientific community over whether to proceed with development of the hydrogen bomb. President Truman appointed a three-person special committee, composed of Secretary of State Dean Acheson and Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson in addition to Lilienthal as head of the AEC, to formulate a report to him on the matter. Lilienthal was opposed to development, stating among other reasons that the proposed weapon lacked a clear political or strategic rationale and that being overly dependent upon nuclear forces (rather than maintaining strong conventional forces) was an unwise security posture. But Lilienthal failed to marshal bureaucratic support for his position, in part due to the limitations of secrecy preventing him from finding allies and in part due to his repeated arguments losing their effectiveness. The three-person committee made its recommendation to proceed to Truman in a meeting on January 31, 1950, and the president so ordered. (Lilienthal ended up appearing to support the recommendation on the surface while trying to register a dissent as well, a confused situation that only became more so with additional memoranda filed after the fact and with conflicting recollections among the participants in years to follow. )

In his 1963 book, Change, Hope and the Bomb, Lilienthal criticized nuclear developments, denouncing the nuclear industry's failure to have addressed the dangers of nuclear waste. He suggested that a civil atomic energy program should not be pursued until the "substantial health hazards involved were eliminated". Lilienthal argued that it would be "particularly irresponsible to go ahead with the construction of full scale nuclear power plants without a safe method of nuclear waste disposal having been demonstrated". However, Lilienthal stopped short of a blanket rejection of nuclear power. His view was that a more cautious approach was necessary.

Lilienthal as businessman
Lilienthal's resignation from the Atomic Energy Commission took effect on February 15, 1950. He was concerned that after years of relatively low-paying public service, he needed to make some money to provide for his wife and two children, and to secure funds for his retirement.

After undertaking a lecture tour, he worked for several years as an industrial consultant for the investment bank Lazard Freres. Later he wrote about this period in his journal:

"A serene life apparently isn't the thing I crave. I live on enthusiasm, zest; and when I don't feel it, the bottom sags below sea level, and it is agony, no less."

In 1955, he formed an engineering and consulting firm called Development and Resources Corporation (D&R), which shared some of the TVA's objectives: major public power and public works projects. Lilienthal leveraged the financial backing of Lazard Freres to found his company. He hired former associates from the TVA to work with him. D&R focused on overseas clients, including the Khuzistan region of Iran, the Cauca Valley of Colombia, Venezuela, India, southern Italy, Ghana, Nigeria, Morocco, and South Vietnam.

Lilienthal as writer
In May 1917, as a 17-year-old college freshman, Lilienthal met a young lawyer in Gary, Indiana. He later recalled that the lawyer

"noticed how seriously I was looking at life in general and suggested as a remedy for this and as a source of amusement and self-cultivation the keeping of a diary of a different sort than the 'ate today' 'was sick yesterday' variety, but rather a record of the impressions I received from various sources; my reactions to books, people, events; my opinions and ideas on religion, sex, etc. The idea appealed to me at once."

Lilienthal kept such a journal until the end of his life. In 1959, Lilienthal's son-in-law Sylvain Bromberger suggested that he consider publishing his private journals. Lilienthal wrote to Cass Canfield at Harper & Row; the company eventually published his journals in seven volumes, appearing between 1964 and 1983. They received largely positive reviews.

Lilienthal's other books include TVA: Democracy on the March (1944), This I Do Believe (1949), Big Business: A New Era (1953) and Change, Hope and the Bomb (1963).

Last years
His company D&R struggled financially during Lilienthal's final years. A promised infusion of capital from the Rockefeller family was not fully realized. The company was dissolved in the late 1970s.

Lilienthal resided in Princeton, New Jersey during his final years. In 1980, Lilienthal had two separate serious health problems. He had a bilateral hip replacement and cataract surgery in one eye. He needed crutches and a cane at various points. The recovery period from the eye surgery forced him to neither read nor write aside from his final journal entry on January 2, 1981.

He died on January 16, 1981. News of his death, and his obituary, appeared on the front page of The New York Times.

Awards and honors
In 1951 Lilienthal was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences, of which he was also an elected member. He was also a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

During his lifetime Lilienthal received honorary degrees from Boston University, DePauw University, Lehigh University, and Michigan State College.

title: David E. Lilienthal


text: Category:Block ciphers

title: Category:Block ciphers


text: Category:Portuguese cyclists

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Category:Cryptographic hash functions

(See also the related category Message authentication codes.)

title: Category:Cryptographic hash functions